bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Aromatase P450 May Be Involved in Maintenance of the Population of Luteinizing Hormone-Positive Pituitary Cells in Mice
Authors: Carretero Jose , López Francisco , Catalano-Iniesta Leonardo , Sanchez-Robledo Virginia , Garcia-Barrado Maria Jose , Iglesias-Osma Maria Carmen , Carretero-Hernandez Marta , Blanco Enrique J. , Burks Deborah Jane
Published: May 2016

As aromatase P450 is located in several pituitary cells, testosterone can be transformed into 17β-estradiol in the gland by the enzyme. The possible role of this transformation in pituitary function remains to be elucidated, but some evidence suggests a physiological and pathophysiological role for pituitary aromatase. To determine its relevance in the modulation of pituitary function, mainly associated with reproduction, luteinizing hormone (LH)-positive cells in the hypophysis of female and male aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice were studied. In all LH-positive cells, significant increases in the cellular (p < 0.01) and nuclear (p < 0.05) areas were found in the ArKO mice compared to the wild-type mice. In the ArKO mice, LH-positive cells were more abundant (p < 0.01); they were characterized by a stronger cytoplasmic reaction and the cells were more polygonal and exhibited more short, thick cytoplasmic prolongations than those in the wild-type mice. Moreover, LH-positive cells showed a greater proliferation rate in the ArKO mice compared to the wild-type mice (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the local production of estradiol mediated by pituitary aromatase is necessary for the regulation of LH-positive gonadotropic cells, exerting an autoparacrine inhibitory regulation. These results could underlie the higher pituitary aromatase expression observed in male versus female mice. Similar effects were found in ArKO male and female mice, suggesting that in both sexes the effects of estrogens on maintenance of the LH-positive pituitary cell population could be related to the local aromatization of testosterone to estradiol inside the hypophysis. Therefore, aromatase could modulate pituitary LH-positive cells in males through local estradiol synthesis.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Wons Juliana , Pfau Maximilian , Wirth Magdalena A. , Freiberg Florentina J. , Becker Matthias D. , Michels Stephan
Published: May 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to visualize and to quantify pathological foveal avascular zone (FAZ) alterations through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in comparison to the unaffected fellow eyes. Procedures: OCT-A was conducted with the Avanti® RTVue 100 XR system (Optovue Inc., Fremont, Calif., USA). The borders of the superficial vascular layer (SVL) were defined as 3 μm below the internal limiting membrane and 15 μm below the inner plexiform layer, and for the deep vascular layer (DVL) as 15 and 70 μm below the inner plexiform layer, respectively. The length of the horizontal, vertical and maximum FAZ was manually measured for the SVL and DVL in each eye. Additionally, the angle between the maximum FAZ diameter and the papillomacular plane was measured. Results: OCT-A depicted defects within the perifoveal vasculature in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO; n = 11) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO; n = 8). These resulted in an enlargement of the maximum FAZ diameter in eyes with RVO (n = 19) in comparison to the healthy fellow eyes (n = 19; 921 ± 213 vs. 724 ± 145 µm; p = 0.008). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the maximum FAZ diameter in the DVL (Spearman's ρ = -0.423, p < 0.01). Lastly, in the eyes with RVO, the angle between the papillomacular plane and the maximum FAZ diameter was only in 21.05% (SVL) and 15.79% (DVL) of the cases at 0 ± 15 or 90 ± 15°, respectively. In healthy eyes, these angles (which putatively represent a regular FAZ configuration) were more prevalent (SVL 68.42 vs. 21.05%, p = 0.003; DVL 73.68 vs. 15.79%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A shows morphological alterations of the FAZ in eyes with CRVO and BRVO. The correlation of the maximum FAZ diameter with BCVA suggests that these alterations are functionally relevant.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Automatic Processing of Valence and Self-Other Relevance Information
Authors: Donges Uta-Susan , Dukalski Bibiana , Suslow Thomas
Published: May 2016

Background: Enhanced sensitivity to emotion stimuli and poor differentiation between self and others have been proposed to be important features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Automatic processing of affective stimuli provides information about valence (positive vs. negative) and relevance of valence (self vs. other). The objectives of our study were to investigate the efficiency of automatic processing of valence and relevance at a semantic level in BPD compared to healthy individuals. Sampling and Methods: A masked affective priming task, varying the valence and relevance of prime and target adjectives, was administered to 33 women with BPD and 33 healthy women. The forward and backward masked primes were shown for 50 ms. Subjects had the task of evaluating target words. Results: In the whole sample, a significant affective priming effect and a significant relevance priming effect occurred. BPD patients did not significantly differ from healthy individuals in affective priming or relevance priming after controlling for age, education, and intelligence. The presence of comorbid somatoform disorders was associated with increased affective priming and reduced relevance priming in BPD patients. Conclusions: The efficiency of automatic recognition and the processing of valence information at a semantic level are not impaired in BPD. Moreover, BPD patients are able to perceive and differentiate automatically self- versus other-relevance during the perception of affective information like healthy controls. Thus, there is no evidence for enhanced sensitivity to emotion stimuli or poor differentiation between self and others in BPD at a very early stage of processing. The presence of somatoform disorders appears to influence affective as well as relevance priming in BPD.
Microdeletion 15q26.2qter and Microduplication 18q23 in a Patient with Prader-Willi-Like Syndrome: Clinical Findings
Authors: Dello Russo Patrizia , Demori Eliana , Sechi Annalisa , Passon Nadia , Romagno Daniela , Gnan Chiara , Zoratti Raffaele , Damante Giuseppe
Published: May 2016

The small interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 15 causing Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome is well known, whereas cases that report terminal deletions in 15q in association with the Prader-Willi-like phenotype are very rare. By using GTG-banding analysis, metaphase FISH, MLPA analysis, and genome-wide array CGH, we detected an unbalanced translocation involving a microdeletion of the distal part of 15q and a microduplication of the distal part of 18q. The unbalanced translocation was found in a boy that was referred with clinical suspicion of Prader-Willi syndrome. In the 15q-deleted region, 23 genes have been identified, and 13 of them are included in the OMIM database. Among these, the deleted IGFR1, MEF2A, CHSY1, and TM2D3 genes could contribute to the patient's phenotype. Seven genes are included in the duplicated chromosome segment 18q, but only one (CTDP1) is present in the OMIM database. We suggest that the deleted chromosome segment 15q26.2qter may be responsible for the phenotype of our case and may also be a candidate locus of Prader-Willi-like syndrome.
Qualificação profissional: um panorama comparativo entre hotéis e pousadas de Petrópolis-RJ
Authors: Conceição Roberta Dalvo Pereira , Fraga Thayana F. , Conceicao Marcelo Pereira da
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a importância do fator humano nas empresas hoteleiras da cidade de Petrópolis/RJ no que diz respeito a esse assunto. Por esse motivo, além do estudo de autores relacionados ao tema, foi realizada também uma pesquisa de campo. Sendo assim, foram desenvolvidos primeiramente os aspectos teóricos que, num momento posterior, serviram de base para a compreensão dos resultados da pesquisa. Cabe ressaltar que as duas tipologias (hotel e pousada) pesquisadas foram escolhidas de modo a atender às tipologias mais comuns na cidade. Além disso, os profissionais pesquisados foram aqueles que poderiam ser mais facilmente encontrados em todos os empreendimentos escolhidos. Os resultados apontam que existem algumas iniciativas nos estabelecimentos pesquisados que valorizam a importância da qualificação profissional. No entanto, ainda é preocupante a falta de profissionais qualificados na área em Petrópolis e também a falta de interesse dos funcionários já estabilizados em aprimorar seus conhecimentos.
Personalidade de País e Auto Congruência: um estudo sobre o Brasil
Authors: Silva Roger Barbara , Giraldi Janaina Moura Engracia
Published: May 2016

O propósito deste estudo foi investigar a personalidade do Brasil enquanto destino turístico e avaliar as relações entre essa variável com a auto congruênciaque um grupo de estrangeiros tem com o país. Foi usada uma pesquisa descritiva quantitativa, por meio de um levantamento com 95 respondentes. As técnicas de análise empregadas foram a análise fatorial exploratória e a comparação de médias. Os resultados obtidosmostraram que, para os respondentes, as características da personalidade do Brasil podem ser agrupadas em cinco dimensões: Vibração, Competência, Contemporâneo, Sofisticação e Sensual. Esta última dimensão constitui em uma das principais contribuições deste artigo. Outra importante contribuição deste estudo para a literatura apresentou-se em relação à auto congruência e às dimensões da personalidade. Nessa relação, a intenção era analisar se, de acordo com nível de auto congruência (alta ou baixa) por parte dos respondentes, haveria diferença na pontuação das dimensões de personalidade do Brasil. O estudo concluiu que o nível de auto congruênciainfluência nos escores atribuídos nas dimensões da personalidade do país, entretanto não muda a ordenação das dimensões.
Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Management
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E
Published: May 2016

En los últimos años, la religión ha estado en la agenda de los medios masivos de comunicación, ya sea como eje central de una serie de conflictos materializados o canalizados por el terrorismo, o como las imposibilidades de una institución medieval cuyos problemas radican en cierta imposibilidad para dar respuestas a las necesidades de sus feligreses. Durante mucho tiempo se pensaba que la industrialización capitalista traería consigo la muerte irreducible de la religión, pero lejos de eso, una mayor cantidad de personas se disponen a viajar a centros de peregrinajes y hacen turismo religioso en todo el mundo. Dean MacCannell enfatizaba en el turismo como una continuación de la religión. Si para el mundo indígena el tótem confiere a la comunidad de cierta protección e identidad, misma función ejerce el turismo en la sociedad moderna. Empero dentro de este esquema, ¿donde ubicamos al turismo religioso?, ¿es este fenómeno una prueba de descomposición social como anticipaba MacCannell (1976) o una realidad insoslayable que la religión aún juega un rol importante en la sociedad?
Capital Turístico e as Teorias Sociais de Marx, Bourdieu e Putnam
Authors: Taveira Marcelo da Silva
Published: May 2016

A finalidade dessa análise é promover o debate teórico-metodológico sobre as bases conceituais da construção de um novo conceito no campo do saber turístico, denominado de capital turístico.  Tal assunto tem como intuito o aprofundamento empírico e teórico desse conceito, cuja inspiração deu-se a partir das teorias sociais de Karl Marx (capital econômico), Pierre Bourdieu (capital simbólico) e Robert Putnam (capital social). Nessa perspectiva, entende-se que o capital turístico é o legado econômico, social e simbólico proporcionado por fatores técnicos, científicos, informacionais, empresariais e públicos, com participação de organizações governamentais e não governamentais e das comunidades, materializado e desenvolvido em lugares apropriados pelo turismo articulados com os outros lugares. Entretanto, fez-se necessário uso da abordagem metodológica de natureza qualitativa e análise crítica para o processo reflexivo da discussão aqui posta. Assim, o conceito de capital turístico apresenta-se como mais uma contribuição teórica aos estudos e pesquisas para a melhor compreensão do fenômeno turístico no cenário contemporâneo.
A Gestão do Conhecimento como Estratégia Competitiva para a Gestão do Turismo: uma contribuição teórica
Authors: Silva Maria Emília Martins da
Published: May 2016

A gestão do conhecimento tem sido adotada como novo paradigma organizacional na sociedade contemporânea, mas no segmento de serviços, em especial no turismo, sua aplicabilidade ainda é incipiente. Esse modelo de gestãose apresenta como ferramenta estratégica, na explicitação do conhecimento tácito dos stakeholders, na valorização do capital intelectual e, finalmente, na contribuiçãode decisões realistas e criativas para o segmento. Neste viés, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar como a gestão do conhecimento e seus respectivos processos podem contribuir para a gestão estratégica do turismo, por meio de uma revisão da literatura. A abordagem metodológica esteve pautada no paradigma interpretativista, apoiando-se no método de pesquisa bibliográfica. A investigação desenvolveu-se em janeiro do ano de 2015. Os resultados apontaramque a gestão do conhecimento pode contribuir decisivamente para o sucesso de uma organização turística, uma vez que, por meio dela, utilizam-se de procedimentos sistemáticos para a criação, compartilhamento e disseminação do conhecimento entre os stakeholders, favorecendo a melhoria contínua dos processos outrora investidos. Além disso, os resultados teóricos demonstram contribuições substanciais da gestão do conhecimento como diferencial para a gestão estratégica do turismo, práticas inovadoras e de fácil implementação em destinos turísticos e empresas hoteleiras.Ainda, identificou-se que a maioria das publicações retratam estudos de caso em empresas do setor, em grande parte em países do Reino Unido e Ásia. Finalmente, a gestão do conhecimento e a adoção de seus princípios são considerados fundamentais para garantir qualidade, inovação e criatividade nas organizações turísticas, sustentando a competitividade da empresa.
A Importância do Natal nos Destinos de Gramado (Brasil) e Rovaniemi (Finlândia): um estudo a partir da percepção de Stakeholders
Authors: Dalonso Yoná da Silva , Lourenço Júlia Maria , Remoaldo Paula Cristina
Published: May 2016

Partindo do princípio de que o turismo é uma atividade que envolve um amplo grupo de atores, este artigo propõe a análise da percepção de stakeholders dos destinos de Gramado (Brasil) e de Rovaniemi (Finlândia), em relação ao turismo de cada cidade, especialmente no que se relaciona à principal atração dos destinos, o Natal. Para tanto, adota-se como metodologia de pesquisa a entrevista estandardizada, aplicada à atores ligados direta e indiretamente com a atividade turística dos destinos. Como resultado da pesquisa,observa-se a importância assumida pelo turismo, em especial do atrativo Natal, para o desenvolvimento dos destinos pesquisados, traduzida nas políticas públicas instituídas nos destinos e na inter-relação estabelecida entre os diferentes atores para a consolidação da marca “Natal” em cada destino.
Saúde nas grandes metrópoles e populações socialmente vulneráveis
Authors: Barata Rita Barradas
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the complexity of metropolises from the viewpoint of social and urban processes; and emphasizes the makeup of several socially vulnerable groups and the impact of their conditions on health status, exposure to violence, experiences of discrimination, and some health-risk behaviors. The empirical study focused on the central area of the city (both the historic and expanded centers), where three par ticularly vulnerable groups dwell: the urban poor living in census tracts with moderate to very high social vulnerability, Bolivian immigrants and the homeless
Mobilidade humana e saúde global
Authors: Ventura Deisy
Published: May 2016

This article proposes a critical reflection on the increasing interaction of human mobility with global health. The idea that economic globalization did not bring forth a really full and free international movement of people is supported by this analysis, as well as the fact that most displaced people go to developing countries, which have already sheltered in their territories nearly half of all international migrants. The European response to the intense inflow of migrants and refugees over the last years and the recent Ebola epidemic in Western Africa are considered to be reasons for an increasing securitization of issues concerning human mobility. Finally, this article suggests that the centrality of the International Health Regulations should be resumed as the best way to guarantee the right to migration during worldwide health crises
Mudanças climáticas e saúde urbana
Authors: Galati Eunice A. B. , Camara Tamara N. de L. , Natal Delsio , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco
Published: May 2016

Climate changes may have significant impacts on human population, especially in urban areas. Their effects might lead to exposure to extreme conditions such as those resulting from natural disasters – hurricanes, droughts and floods − and the increasing spread of vector-borne diseases, including those caused by troublesome mosquitoes. Here we present some comments on how global warming might affect the populations of vectors of some disease agents such as those of visceral leishmaniasis, filariasis, and the arboviruses − dengue, Chikungunya and Zika − causing impacts on public health and calling for more rigorous surveillance and control measures
Endothelial Actions of ANP Enhance Myocardial Inflammatory Infiltration in the Early Phase After Acute Infarction
Authors: Chen Wen , Spitzl Annett , Mathes Denise , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Werner Franziska , Weirather Johannes , Špiranec Katarina , Röck Katharina , Fischer Jens W. , Kämmerer Ulrike , Stegner David , Baba Hideo A. , Hofmann Ulrich , Frantz Stefan , Kuhn Michaela
Published: May 2016

Rationale:

In patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the initial extent of necrosis and inflammation determine clinical outcome. One early event in AMI is the increased cardiac expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (NP) and B-type NP, with their plasma levels correlating with severity of ischemia. It was shown that NPs, via their cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor and cGMP-dependent kinase I (cGKI), strengthen systemic endothelial barrier properties in acute inflammation.

Objective:

We studied whether endothelial actions of local NPs modulate myocardial injury and early inflammation after AMI.

Methods and Results:

Necrosis and inflammation after experimental AMI were compared between control mice and littermates with endothelial-restricted inactivation of GC-A (knockout mice with endothelial GC-A deletion) or cGKI (knockout mice with endothelial cGKI deletion). Unexpectedly, myocardial infarct size and neutrophil infiltration/activity 2 days after AMI were attenuated in knockout mice with endothelial GC-A deletion and unaltered in knockout mice with endothelial cGKI deletion. Molecular studies revealed that hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor-α, conditions accompanying AMI, reduce the endothelial expression of cGKI and enhance cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) levels. Real-time cAMP measurements in endothelial microdomains using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor revealed that PDE2 mediates NP/cGMP-driven decreases of submembrane cAMP levels. Finally, intravital microscopy studies of the mouse cremaster microcirculation showed that tumor necrosis factor-α–induced endothelial NP/GC-A/cGMP/PDE2 signaling impairs endothelial barrier functions.

Conclusions:

Hypoxia and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, modify the endothelial postreceptor signaling pathways of NPs, with downregulation of cGKI, induction of PDE2A, and altered cGMP/cAMP cross talk. Increased expression of PDE2 can mediate hyperpermeability effects of paracrine endothelial NP/GC-A/cGMP signaling and facilitate neutrophil extravasation during the early phase after MI.
Local Application of Leptin Antagonist Attenuates Angiotensin II–Induced Ascending Aortic Aneurysm and Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Danny , Savion Naphtali , Kolodgie Frank , Simon Amos , Fisch Sudeshna , Schäfer Katrin , Bachner‐Hinenzon Noa , Cao Xin , Gertler Arieh , Solomon Gili , Kachel Erez , Raanani Ehud , Lavee Jacob , Kotev Emeth Shlomo , Virmani Renu , Schoen Frederick J. , Schneiderman Jacob
Published: May 2016

Background

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (
ATAA
) is driven by angiotensin
II
(Ang
II
) and contributes to the development of left ventricular (
LV
) remodeling through aortoventricular coupling. We previously showed that locally available leptin augments Ang
II
‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. We hypothesized that locally synthesized leptin mediates Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
.

Methods and Results

Following demonstration of leptin synthesis in samples of human
ATAA
associated with different etiologies, we modeled in situ leptin expression in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice by applying exogenous leptin on the surface of the ascending aorta. This treatment resulted in local aortic stiffening and dilation,
LV
hypertrophy, and thickening of aortic/mitral valve leaflets. Similar results were obtained in an Ang
II
‐infusion
ATAA
mouse model. To test the dependence of Ang
II
‐induced aortic and
LV
remodeling on leptin activity, a leptin antagonist was applied to the ascending aorta in Ang
II
‐infused mice. Locally applied single low‐dose leptin antagonist moderated Ang
II
‐induced ascending aortic dilation and protected mice from
ATAA
rupture. Furthermore,
LV
hypertrophy was attenuated and thickening of aortic valve leaflets was moderated. Last, analysis of human aortic valve stenosis leaflets revealed de novo leptin synthesis, whereas exogenous leptin stimulated proliferation and promoted mineralization of human valve interstitial cells in culture.

Conclusions

Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
is mediated by locally synthesized leptin. Aortoventricular hemodynamic coupling drives
LV
hypertrophy and promotes early aortic valve lesions, possibly mediated by valvular in situ leptin synthesis. Clinical implementation of local leptin antagonist therapy may attenuate Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
and moderate related
LV
hypertrophy and pre–aortic valve stenosis lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00449306.
On Evaluation Metrics in Optimality Theory
Authors: Rasin Ezer , Katzir Roni
Published: May 2016

We develop an evaluation metric for Optimality Theory that allows a learner to induce a lexicon and a phonological grammar from unanalyzed surface forms. We wish to model aspects of knowledge such as the English-speaking child’s knowledge that the aspiration of the first segment of khæt is predictable and the French-speaking child’s knowledge that the final l of table ‘table’ is optional and can be deleted while that of parle ‘speak’ cannot. We show that the learner we present succeeds in obtaining this kind of knowledge and is better equipped to do so than other existing learners in the literature.
Pahlavan Mahmud of Khiva
Authors: Luijendijk Dick H.
Published: May 2016

One of the central figures in the zurkhaneh of Iran is Pahlavan Mahmud Kharazmi, nicknamed Puria-ye-Wali (1247-1326). Pahlavan Mahmud symbolises the ideal warrior, and he is the embodiment of javanmardi, Iranian chivalry. The Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum in the city of Khiva, Uzbekistan, claims to be his burial site. The inner walls of the mausoleum are adorned with Pahlavan Mahmud’s poetry. Is there a resemblance between the Pahlavan Mahmud as it is presented by the poetry and the one which is the ideal warrior of the zurkhaneh?
A Short Note on an Unusual Artefact which May Constitute a Link between Urartu and Etruria
Authors: Dan Roberto
Published: May 2016

Not long ago, during excavation in the domestic area of the Urartian fortress of Ayanis, a cylindrical object made of gold was discovered. Objects of this kind were completely unknown in Urartu before this discovery and it is not possible to compare it with any other items in the Ancient Near East. However, a possible parallel can be found with some golden objects discovered in central Italy in the work of Etruscan metallurgists. These items from Iron Age Italy are made of precious metals, especially gold, and have been interpreted as clasps; they are generally considered to have been used mainly to secure the men’s cloaks on the shoulder. This type of object is generally dated to the 8th-7th century B.C. and comes mainly from a series of archaeological contexts in central Italy.
Daily Arithmetic of Pashtun Tribal Rulers: Numbers in The Khataks’ Chronicle
Authors: Pelevin Mikhail
Published: May 2016

The Khataks’ Chronicle compiled by the Pashtun tribal rulers Khūshḥāl Khān (d. 1689) and Afżal Khān (d. circa 1740/41) abounds in figures, which relate to calculation of people and things, as well as measurement of time and distances. Within dominant human statistics the most numerous and diverse in numbers are calculations of military strength, often divided into main arms (foot, horse, guns), and war losses. Demographical data proper include numbers of descendants in lineages and occasional statistics of tribal populace. Among frequently calculated things are money (in Mogul rupees) and cattle. Time intervals in tribal stories are usually short and measured generally in nights and days, while distances between key geographical objects—in kurūhs (≈ 2-2,2 km). Although most figures are likely to be approximate (usually round after 20), The Crhonicle’s authors aimed at being very careful with all numerical data, which, on the whole, are to be considered historically adequate. Almost all basic lexemes of Pashto numbers are found in The Chronicle. The largest numbers are sums of money in rupees related to the Moguls’ military budgets (1,700,000; 900,000; etc.). Of particular note are archaic forms of hundreds (dwaṣū, terṣū, etc.) and reflexes of vigesimal calculation. Numerical data in The Khataks’ Chronicle well describe the place, which elementary arithmetic occupied in the education of Pashtun tribal rulers in the mediaeval and pre-modern times and may serve as a primary resource for studying the inventory of numbers in early written Pashto.
On a Khwarezmian Name
Authors: Livshits Vladimir
Published: May 2016

The paper presents the etymology and interpretation of a personal name, twtyxs MLK’, found on the coins of the Khwarezmian kings.
Persepolis and Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions
Authors: De Chiara Matteo
Published: May 2016

The article presents a detailed review of two fundamental volumes published recently by Italian Orientalists and Archaeologists on Persepolis and the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions.
God, the Pencil, and the Judge: Exploring the Paradoxes Regarding Protection of Freedom of Religion and Expression in France
Authors: Alouane Rim-Sarah
Published: May 2016

The clash between religious freedom and freedom of expression has created social turbulence, political discord, and marginalisation of religious minorities, the latter of which is seen by many as having security implications. The author explores the possibility of a framework that reconciles freedom of religion and freedom of expression within a very unique French context. Recent events show that the issue continues to be unresolved; courts are frequently seized by those who argue that their beliefs were harmed and seek reparation, and proponents of free (and sometimes hostile) expression are fighting back. The author will discuss methods used by French judges to determine offense to religious sentiment—sometimes in very tricky and arbitrary ways—as broadly defined as violations of beliefs, symbols and religious rites, and will seek common ground with generally accepted norms of free expression that can exist within a framework of public order that respects all citizens.
The Adaption and Manipulation of Hagiographic Structure in Ulenspiegel
Authors: Schendel Isaac Smith
Published: May 2016

Since the 16th century Ein kurtzweilig Lesen von Dil Ulenspiegel appeared in Strasbourg, where a large interest in late medieval hagiographies was present, scholars have drawn connections between that genre and the text. The similarities, however, run deeper than borrowed motifs or coincidences: the rhythm of Eulenspiegel’s biography follows the same narrative structure as Saints’ Lives: the author introduces himself with religious vocabulary, Till’s childhood serves as a premonition of his later career, and the stories are connected either by similar themes or an implied “before – after” schema. All of these characteristics are also present in hagiographies. Even more interesting is the author’s self-consciousness: he takes pains to reveal an insincerity in his work and in doing so forces his readers to acknowledge an intentional use of traditional subject matter. In each case this awareness breaks the suspension of disbelief: the reader realizes that the author is using structures taken from elsewhere and sees the man behind the curtain.
Das Singspiel Des Trojanischen Paridis Urtheil/ Von dem Goldenen Apffel der Eridis (1662?) und die umstrittene Autorschaft Anton Ulrichs
Authors: Ullrich Heiko
Published: May 2016

The anonymously published Singspiel Des Trojanischen Paridis Urtheil which the editors of Anton Ulrich’s works have included in the second volume offers not one single indication of its authorship or date of publication. Nevertheless a quote from Jacobs Heyrath, another Singspiel presumably written by Anton Ulrich, thematic parallels with Regier-Kunst-Schatten, and especially a comparison with Andromeda, a play which with certainty can be ascribed to Anton Ulrich, can help to verify Anton Ulrich’s authorship for Des Trojanischen Paridis Urtheil. A further indication of Anton Ulrich’s authorship is the unfamiliar concentration on the aftermath of the judgement not with regard to Paris and his further fate (which is totally omitted), but to Venus’ new position in the hierarchy of Olympus.
Description of two new and six known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a diagnostic compendium and key to species
Authors: AHAD SUMAYA , AHMAD WASIM
Published: May 2016

Two new and six known species of the soil-inhabiting nematode genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 are described and illustrated. Tylencholaimus arakii sp. n. is characterized by having 0.56–0.65 mm long body; lip region cap-like, set off by a shallow constriction; labial disc present; odontostyle 7–8 µm and odontophore 7–8 µm long, with well-developed, asymmetrical basal knobs; total spear length 15 μm; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands abruptly into the cylindrical basal bulb occupying about 45–47% of total neck length; female genital system mono-prodelphic; transverse vulva and short, hemispheroid tail. Tylencholaimus ladakhiensis sp. n. is characterized by having 0.56–0.73 mm long, slender body; lip region cap-like, set off by a slight constriction; amphid aperture slit-like; odontostyle slender 7–9 µm, with comparatively narrow lumen, odontophore 8–9 µm long; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands abruptly into the cylindrical basal bulb, occupying about 38–45% of total neck length; female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic and rounded-conoid tail, with distinct terminal caudal pore. Tylencholaimus proximus Thorne, 1939; Tylencholaimus mongolicus Andrássy, 1967; Tylencholaimus vulvulatus Rahman, Jairajpuri, Ahmad & Ahmad, 1987; Tylencholaimus ibericus Peña-Santiago & Coomans, 1994; Tylencholaimus imperanus Mohilal & Dhanachand, 2003 and Tylencholaimus cosmos (Dhanam & Jairajpuri, 1999) Peña-Santiago, 2008 are redescribed. Tylencholaimus proximus and Tylencholaimus mongolicus are reported for the first time from India and a male is reported for the first time for T. imperanus. A diagnostic key and compendium to species of the genus Tylencholaimus is provided.
Redescription Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Phylogeny of the Prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus
Authors: HARVEY MICHAEL B. , O’CONNELL KYLE A. , WOSTL ELIJAH , RIYANTO AWAL , KURNIAWAN NIA , SMITH ERIC N. , GRISMER L. LEE
Published: May 2016

We redescribe Cyrtodactylus lateralis (Werner) on the basis of new specimens. Cyrtodactylus lateralis is a prehensile-tailed species, known from scattered lowland to mid-elevation localities in northern Sumatra. The prehensile-tailed Cyrtodactylus are more speciose and have a wider distribution than previously thought. This group includes a mainland SE Asian clade consisting of C. elok, C. interdigitalis, and C. brevipalmatus and an insular clade containing C. durio, C. lateralis, C. nuaulu, C. serratus, C. spinosus, and C. stresemanni. However, a distinctive color pattern in the Wallacean and Papuan species and uncertainty surrounding the type locality of C. stresemanni raise unresolved questions about the inclusiveness of the insular clade. DNA sequence data supports a close relationship between C. elok and C. interdigitalis, but also reveals that C. lateralis and C. durio are not closely related to these species.
Grammedessa, a new genus of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: CORREIA ANDRE OLIVEIRA , FERNANDES JOSE ANTONIO MARIN
Published: May 2016

The new genus Grammedessa is here proposed for 12 species: Edessa pallicornis, E. bugabensis, E. rorativentris and E. stillativentris, and eight new species: Grammedessa brunneotarsata, G. polytreta, G. flavolimbata, G. paraensis, G. braziliana, G. hypsolineata, G. multicavata and G. matogrossensis. Species belonging to this genus share four black punctured longitudinal stripes on the dorsal surface of the head; humeral angles laterally projected and slightly flattened dorso-ventrally; metasternal process with branches of anterior bifurcation narrow, long, and with acute apices; abdominal trichobothria placed laterally, not aligned with spiracles; females with gonocoxites 8 and laterotergites 8 always punctured, gonocoxites 8 large, subequal in length to laterotergites 9; males with ventral rim of pygophore deeply excavated, superior process of genital cup partially fused to the wall. Edessa strigiceps is considered a junior synonym of Grammedessa pallicornis n. comb.. Males of Grammedessa bugabensis n. comb. and Grammedessa rorativentris n. comb. are described for the first time. New distribution records of Grammedessa bugabensis, Grammedessa rorativentris, and Grammedessa stillativentris n. comb. is extended. The lectotype of Edessa bugabensis is herein designated.
Nomenclatural note on the homonymy between the octocoral genus Dendrobrachia Brook 1889 and the entoproct phylum Dendrobrachia Xian-Guan, Bergström, Xio-Ya and Jie 2006
Authors: PANTE ERIC
Published: May 2016

Dendrobrachia was proposed by Xian-Guan et al. (2006) as the name of a new phylum of entoproct-like animals from the Lower Cambrian (Yunnan Province, China). This name was however preoccupied by the octocoral Dendrobrachia Brook 1889, which position within the subclass Octocorallia is currently uncertain (Opresko and Bayer 1991; Berntson et al. 1999, 2001). Based on the principles of homonymy and priority (Articles 52 and 23, respectively; ICZN 1999), a substitute name for the entoproct Dendrobrachia is necessary, and I propose Dendrobrachion (based on the Greek brachion, for arm).
Modeling Long-Period Swell in Southern California: Practical Boundary Conditions from Buoy Observations and Global Wave Model Predictions
Authors: Crosby Sean C. , O’Reilly William C. , Guza Robert T.
Published: May 2016

Accurate, unbiased, high-resolution (in space and time) nearshore wave predictions are needed to drive models of beach erosion; coastal flooding; and alongshore transport of sediment, biota, and pollutants. On sheltered shorelines, wave predictions are sensitive to the directions of onshore propagating waves, and nearshore model prediction error is often dominated by directional uncertainty offshore. Here, regional wave model skill in highly sheltered Southern California is compared for different offshore boundary conditions created from offshore buoy observations and global wave model hindcasts [NOAA WaveWatch III (WW3)]. Spectral ray-tracing methods are used to transform incident offshore swell (0.04–0.09 Hz) energy at high directional resolution (1°). Model skill is assessed for predictions (wave height, direction, directional spread, and alongshore radiation stress) at 16 nearshore buoy sites between 2000 and 2009. Buoy-derived boundary conditions using various estimators (maximum entropy, maximum smoothness) have similar skill and all outperform WW3-derived boundary conditions. A new method for estimating offshore boundary conditions, CMB-ADJ, combines buoy observations with WW3 predictions. Although CMB-ADJ skill is comparable to buoy-only methods, it may be more robust in varying regions and wave climatologies, and will benefit from future improvements in global wave model (GWM) predictions. A case study at Oceanside Harbor shows strong sensitivity of alongshore sediment transport estimates to the boundary condition method. However, patterns in alongshore gradients of transport (e.g., the location of model accretion and erosion zones) are similar across methods. Weak, tidally modulated coastal reflection is evident in both shallow and deep buoy observations, and significantly increases the observed directional spread.
The most “perfect” voting system in the world
Authors: Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D.
Published: May 2016

Elections are indispensable for democracy, but their trustworthiness demands transparency and impartiality from governments, even more so for automated elections. This work presents common criticisms to e-voting systems, focusing on the Venezuelan case, where there have been around 15 elections of this kind in the last 17 years. The Venezuelan government calls it “the most perfect voting system in the world”, but its results have been questioned, studied and contested.
Improvement in Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Cholestasis With the Use of Omegaven in an Infant With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Strang Brian J. , Reddix Bruce A. , Wolk Robert A.
Published: May 2016

Background: Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) and liver disease have been associated with soybean oil–based intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs). The benefit of fish oil–based IVFEs in the reversal of parenteral nutrition (PN)–associated liver damage includes allowing for longer PN duration without immediate need for bowel or liver transplantation. Methods: The present case involves an infant born with short bowel syndrome (SBS) requiring long‐term PN with development of PNAC and subsequent administration of a fish oil‐based IVFE. Results: An infant born with SBS was initiated on PN and enteral feeds. After failed enteral progression, bowel lengthening by serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) resulted in postoperative ileus with delayed enteral feeding for 4 weeks. The administration of long‐term PN led to development of PNAC, resulting in initiation of a fish oil–based IVFE. After 4 months, the cholestasis had resolved. Despite the STEP, at 16 months, the child required bowel tapering due to inability to advance enteral feeding. Conclusions: Fish oil–based IVFE was effectively used to reverse PNAC in a child with SBS. Despite early STEP, the patient was not able to tolerate enteral feedings and required bowel tapering. This case illustrates that early surgical intervention did not allow for improved feed tolerance. This resulted in a significant period without enteral nutrition, leading to development of cholestasis. The use of fish oil–based IVFE may permit a longer duration of PN administration without the development of cholestasis or liver disease, allowing for longer time for bowel adaptation prior to the need for surgical intervention.
Enthusiastic Collaboration
Authors: Kaff Marilyn , Teagarden James , Zabel Robert H.
Published: May 2016

Robert A. Gable is the Constance and Colgate Darden Professor of Special Education and Eminent Scholar at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. He earned his PhD from George Peabody College of Vanderbilt University and was on the faculty at Peabody–Vanderbilt and the University of Pittsburgh prior to his appointment at Old Dominion University. Dr. Gable’s career includes experience as a classroom teacher and as administrator of several alternative education programs. He has published extensively on a variety of topics including academic assessment and instruction, functional behavioral assessment and positive behavioral plans and supports, collaboration and consultation in the schools, and practical ways to differentiate instruction for children and adolescents with learning and behavior problems.
#BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Watson Terri N. , Rivera-McCutchen Rosa L.
Published: May 2016

Michael Pelligrino is a novice principal in a large urban high school. After a rocky yet somewhat successful first year as the principal of Hilltop High School, tensions in the school and surrounding community are at an all-time high. The deaths of unarmed Black men, women, and children by law enforcement agents nationwide have led hundreds of students to participate in community-led protests aligned with the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Pelligrino is conflicted. Should he respond to the needs of his school community or continue to focus on district mandates? This case study provides opportunities for aspiring school leaders to engage in critical reflection and transformative leadership practices.
Automatic detection of diffusion modes within biological membranes using back-propagation neural network
Authors: Dosset Patrice , Rassam Patrice , Fernandez Laurent , Espenel Cedric , Rubinstein Eric , Margeat Emmanuel , Milhiet Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

Background

Single particle tracking (SPT) is nowadays one of the most popular technique to probe spatio-temporal dynamics of proteins diffusing within the plasma membrane. Indeed membrane components of eukaryotic cells are very dynamic molecules and can diffuse according to different motion modes. Trajectories are often reconstructed frame-by-frame and dynamic properties often evaluated using mean square displacement (MSD) analysis. However, to get statistically significant results in tracking experiments, analysis of a large number of trajectories is required and new methods facilitating this analysis are still needed.

Results

In this study we developed a new algorithm based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and MSD analysis using a sliding window. The neural network was trained and cross validated with short synthetic trajectories. For simulated and experimental data, the algorithm was shown to accurately discriminate between Brownian, confined and directed diffusion modes within one trajectory, the 3 main of diffusion encountered for proteins diffusing within biological membranes. It does not require a minimum number of observed particle displacements within the trajectory to infer the presence of multiple motion states. The size of the sliding window was small enough to measure local behavior and to detect switches between different diffusion modes for segments as short as 20 frames. It also provides quantitative information from each segment of these trajectories. Besides its ability to detect switches between 3 modes of diffusion, this algorithm is able to analyze simultaneously hundreds of trajectories with a short computational time.

Conclusion

This new algorithm, implemented in powerful and handy software, provides a new conceptual and versatile tool, to accurately analyze the dynamic behavior of membrane components.
Non‐surgical treatment of hallux valgus: a current practice survey of Australian podiatrists
Authors: Hurn Sheree E. , Vicenzino Bill T. , Smith Michelle D.
Published: May 2016

Background

Patients with hallux valgus (HV) frequently present to podiatrists for non‐surgical management, with a wide range of concerns including pain, footwear difficulty and quality of life impacts. There is little research evidence guiding podiatrists' clinical decisions surrounding non‐surgical management of HV. Thus practitioners rely largely upon clinical experience and expert opinion. This survey was conducted to determine whether a consensus exists among Australian podiatrists regarding non‐surgical treatment of HV, and secondly to explore common presenting concerns and physical examination findings associated with HV.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to Australian podiatrists in mid‐2013 via the professional association in each state (approximately 1900 members). Podiatrists indicated common treatments recommended, presenting problems and physical examination findings associated with HV in juveniles, adults and older adults. Proportions were calculated to determine the most common responses, and Chi‐squared tests were used to examine differences in treatment recommendations according to HV patient age group and podiatrist demographics.

Results

Of 210 survey respondents, 65 % (136) were female and 80 % (168) were private practitioners. Complete survey responses were received from 159 podiatrists for juvenile HV, 146 for adults and 141 for older adults. Seven different non‐surgical treatment options were commonly recommended (by >50 % podiatrists), although recommendations differed between adult, older adult and juvenile HV. Common treatments included footwear advice or modification, custom and prefabricated orthotic devices, addition of padding, and muscle strengthening/retraining exercises. Padding was more likely to be utilised in older adults, while exercises were more likely to be prescribed for juveniles. A diverse range of presenting problems and physical examination findings were reported to be associated with HV.

Conclusions

Despite the lack of empirical evidence in this area, there appears to be a consensus among Australian podiatrists regarding non‐surgical management of HV, and these recommendations are largely aligned with available clinical consensus documents. Presenting concerns and physical examination findings associated with HV are diverse and have implications for treatment decisions. Management strategies differ across patient age groups, thus any updated clinical guidelines should differentiate between adult and juvenile HV. This study provides useful data to inform clinical practice, education, policy and future research.