bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The accounting subculture of Russia and the Baltic states in the light of Hofstede and Gray’s concept
Authors: Czerny Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to compare the theoretical assumptions of Gray’s model based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the actual evolution of accounting sys-tems in Russia and the Baltic countries, as former Soviet republics (which implies decades of functioning within the same legal and economic system, as well as the financial market).
Methodology: A critical analysis and comparative analysis of the literature.
Results: The initial characteristics of the Russian accounting subculture were characterized by a strong inclination towards conservatism and discretion, preferring statutory control and uniformity. This is also true of the accounting subculture of the Baltic countries − conserva-tive, but with a tendency towards transparency and professionalism, but at the same time appreciating the role of statutory control, with an ambivalent approach to flexibility. An analy-sis of the development of accounting systems in these countries revealed general compli-ance with the theoretical assumptions of Gray's model, and highest in the case of Russia.
Originality/value: The article confirms the correctness of the assumptions of Gray's model regarding the evolution of selected countries’ accounting systems. It fills the existing cognitive gap, because former Soviet republics’ accounting systems are rarely studied in a cultural con-text, especially compared to Russia. Typically, a comparison is made between Russia/the former Soviet republic and Western European countries or another Central/Eastern European country.
Determinants of stakeholder dialogue in large public interest entities operating in Poland
Authors: Krasodomska Joanna , Zarzycka Ewelina , Dobija Dorota
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of the research presented in this article is to identify factors that influ-ence the involvement of large public interest entities that operate in Poland in conducting dialogue with stakeholders and thus foster the development of dialogue-based accounting.
Methodology/research approach: The literature review identified potential factors that increase the chances of developing dialogic accounting. A sample of 159 large public interest entities was used to verify the hypotheses. Data were collected through content analysis of statements (reports) on non-financial information published for 2020, as well as infor-mation posted on their websites and corporate social media accounts. The logit regression method was used to verify the hypotheses.
Results: Our findings suggest that the non-financial reporting standard used and the com-pany’s orientation towards employees may influence the dialogue process with stakehold-ers, increasing chances for the development of dialogic accounting.
Limitations: The research sample is limited to one country, and the data were collected for one year only.
Originality/value: The Article broadens accounting knowledge, in particular on the deter-minants that influence public interest entities’ involvement in stakeholder dialogue.
Nanocellulose as a new sustainable material for various applications: a review
Authors: Fahma F. , Febiyanti I. , Lisdayana N. , Arnata I.W. , Sartika D.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This paper presents a comprehensive review of nanocellulose and its application in several applications, including composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. Design/methodology/approach: General explanations about cellulose and nanocellulose have been described. Different types of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, bacterial nanocellulose) as well as their isolation processes (mechanical process, chemical process) have been reviewed. Several surface modifications have been explained to improve the dispersion of nanocellulose in non-polar polymers. The possible utilization of nanocellulose in composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields have also been analysed. Findings: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. In the composite field, nanocellulose can be used as a reinforcing agent which increases the mehcnical properties such as tensile strength and toughness, and thermal stability of the final composites. In the biomedical field, nanocellulose is reinforced into hydrogel or composites which will be produced as tissue scaffolding, wound dressing, etc. It is found that the addition of nanocellulose can extend and control the drug release. While in the packaging field, nanocellulose is added into a biopolymer to improve the barrier properties and decrease the water and oxygen vapor transmission rates. Research limitations/implications: Nanocellulose has a hydrophilic nature, thus making it agglomerated and difficult to disperse in most non-polar polymers. Therefore, certain surface modification of nanocellulose are required prior to the preparation of composites or hydrogels.Practical implications: Further research regarding the toxicity of nanocellulose needs to be investigated, especially when applying it in the biomedical and food packaging fields. Originality/value: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields.
Effects of yttria content and sintering temperature on the microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of yttria-stabilized zirconia
Authors: Kulyk V.V. , Duriagina Z.A. , Vasyliv B.D. , Vavrukh V. , Kovbasiuk T.M. , Holovchuk M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the propensity to brittle fracture of YSZ ceramics stabilized by the various amount of yttria, based on a study of changes in the microstructure, phase composition, and fracture micromechanisms. Design/methodology/approach: The series of 3YSZ, 4YSZ, and 5YSZ ceramic specimens were sintered in an argon atmosphere. Three sintering temperatures were used for each series: 1450°C, 1500°C, and 1550°C. Microhardness measurements were performed on a NOVOTEST TC-MKB1 microhardness tester. The configuration of the imprints and cracks formed was studied on an optical microscope Neophot-21. The fracture toughness of the material was estimated using both the Vickers indentation method and a single-edge notch beam (SENB) test performed under three-point bending at 20°C in air. The microstructure and morphology of the fracture surface of the specimens were studied using a scanning electron microscope Carl Zeiss EVO-40XVP. The chemical composition was determined using an INCA ENERGY 350 spectrometer. Findings: Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure, the morphology of specimens fracture surface, and mechanical characteristics of YSZ ceramic materials of different chemical and phase compositions sintered in a temperature range of 1450°C to 1550°C are found. Research limitations/implications: To study the actual behaviour of YSZ ceramic materials under operating conditions, it is necessary to evaluate their Young’s moduli, strength, microhardness, and fracture toughness in an operating environment of the corresponding parameters (temperature, pressure, etc.).Practical implications: Based on the developed approach to estimating the propensity to brittle fracture of the formed YSZ ceramic microstructure, it is possible to obtain YSZ ceramic material that will provide the necessary physical and mechanical properties of a wide variety of precision ceramic products. Originality/value: An approach to estimating the propensity to brittle fracture of YSZ ceramics stabilized by the various amount of yttria is proposed based on two methods of evaluating crack growth resistance of materials, namely, the Vickers indentation method and SENB method.
Podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych – dotychczasowy paradygmat
Authors: Modzelewski Witold
Published: September 2021

Koncepcje powszechnego podatku dochodowego od osób fizycznych mogą być tworzone na podstawie co najmniej dwóch przeciwstawnych paradygmatów:
1) podatku regresywnego, który wysoko opodatkowuje dochody ze stosunku pracy oraz ubezpieczenia i zabezpieczenia społecznego (głównie renty i emerytury) poprzez uzależnienie podatku od wysokości przychodów, a nie dochodów, oraz opodatkowuje rzeczywiste dochody (a nie przychody) z szeroko pojmowanej działalności gospodarczej – przez to podatek nawet formalnie posługujący się stawkami progresywnymi jest w rzeczywistości podatkiem regresywnym;
2) podatku proporcjonalnego lub nawet progresywnego, który nie dyskryminuje niskich dochodów poprzez opodatkowanie dochodów rzeczywistych lub zastosowanie relatywnie wysokiego minimum wolnego, zwłaszcza do dochodu ze stosunku pracy oraz rent i emerytur.
Podatek będący podstawą pierwszego paradygmatu zapewnia jednak dużo wyższą efektywność fiskalną i większy wpływ budżetowy w porównaniu do modelu drugiego. Różnice mogą wynosić od 30% do 45% w zależności od wysokości minimum wolnego i stawek.
Ukształtowany przez minione 30 lat, obowiązujący w Polsce podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych został utworzony na podstawie pierwszego z powyższych paradygmatów; przyjęcie drugiego paradygmatu spowoduje istotny spadek wpływów budżetowych.
Tales of saviours and iconoclasts. On the provenance of "the Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism"
Authors: Rasmussen Josephine Munch , Justnes Årstein
Published: September 2021

Academic research on newly discovered ancient Buddhist manuscripts is largely based on objects that come from the antiquities market and to a much lesser degree on objects coming from documented and controlled archaeological excavations. Despite their being unprovenanced, collectors and scholars often present such objects with narratives mimicking provenance. The use of the label "Dead Sea Scrolls" attached to archaeological material without connections to Judaism or early Christianity is a prevalent example of this scholarly praxis. In this article, we deconstruct provenance narratives associated with the undocumented Buddhist manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection and discuss their implications for research on these manuscripts and beyond.
 
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
Der Arzt im Konflikt zwischen Fehleroffenbarungspflicht und Selbstbelastungsfreiheit
Authors: Winkler Iris
Published: September 2021

For a long time, there was a diffuse body of opinion in the literature and case law regarding the physician's duty to disclose medical errors. With the entry into force of the Patients' Rights Act 2013, further discussion has become superfluous. In the course of the law reform, a corresponding right of the patient to information under the treatment contract was included in the German Civil Code. However, given the earlier controversy on this issue, it is hardly surprising that it is one of the most controversial provisions of the Patients' Rights Act. In addition to clarifying a number of legal uncertainties, the paper also provides a constitutional review of this provision as well as alternative incentives for dealing openly with medical negligence.
Migration, Citizenship, and Democracy
Authors: Chwaszcza Christine
Published: September 2021

Economic migration is on the rise. It generates forms of temporary migration which differ from both traditional settler migration and the status and needs of refugees. How should liberal democratic societies respond to those new demands on immigration? In this book, Christine Chwaszcza develops an innovative transnational normative framework that integrates debates on citizenship, democracy and post-national justice in order to address questions concerning access to host societies, democratic inclusion, and family migration. She proposes a liberal democratic approach that steers a middle course between cosmopolitanism and national closure. The book will appeal to readers from the fields of political and legal philosophy and social and political theory.
Der Anspruch auf Vorteilsabschöpfung gegen das Bundeskartellamt
Authors: Fredrich André
Published: September 2021

With the 7th amendment to the ARC, the disgorgement of advantages pursuant to Section 34 ARC has found its way into German law. According to the German Federal Cartel Office's activity reports, not a single disgorgement procedure has been conducted to date. However, according to the legal requirements, there is a general obligation for the antitrust authority to disgorge advantages. In addition, against the background of the elimination of unlawful distortions of competition, there is a need for a consistent disgorgement of advantages by the authorities. The author deals with the question, which is important for antitrust practice, whether market participants can enforce the disgorgement of advantages pursuant to Section 34 ARC by means of a claim against the German Federal Cartel Office.
Metaheuristics for Traffic Control and Optimization: Current Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Jamal Arshad , M. Al-Ahmadi Hassan , Muhammad Butt Farhan , Iqbal Mudassir , Almoshaogeh Meshal , Ali Sajid
Published: September 2021

Intelligent traffic control at signalized intersections in urban areas is vital for mitigating congestion and ensuring sustainable traffic operations. Poor traffic management at road intersections may lead to numerous issues such as increased fuel consumption, high emissions, low travel speeds, excessive delays, and vehicular stops. The methods employed for traffic signal control play a crucial role in evaluating the quality of traffic operations. Existing literature is abundant, with studies focusing on applying regression and probability-based methods for traffic light control. However, these methods have several shortcomings and can not be relied on for heterogeneous traffic conditions in complex urban networks. With rapid advances in communication and information technologies in recent years, various metaheuristics-based techniques have emerged on the horizon of signal control optimization for real-time intelligent traffic management. This study critically reviews the latest advancements in swarm intelligence and evolutionary techniques applied to traffic control and optimization in urban networks. The surveyed literature is classified according to the nature of the metaheuristic used, considered optimization objectives, and signal control parameters. The pros and cons of each method are also highlighted. The study provides current challenges, prospects, and outlook for future research based on gaps identified through a comprehensive literature review.
Modalities for Scaling up Implementation of Innovations and Best Practices for Resilient Agricultural Systems in Africa
Authors: Kituyi Evans
Published: September 2021

Climate change is already impacting negatively on Africa’s agriculture and threatens to significantly reverse the gains realized in food security as the 1.5 degC warming threshold set by the Paris Agreement fast approaches. This is happening at a time when a wide range of tested and viable technologies, innovations and best practices exist with the potential to scale up climate resilient food production across the region’s diverse agricultural systems. A framework and modalities are proposed to support stakeholders in identifying and scaling up appropriate technologies, innovations and best practices for climate-resilient food production in different farming systems. These provide a much needed solution for Africa’s policymakers who are currently grappling with options to meet their citizens’ food security today even as they ponder over how they will feed their rapidly growing populations, expected to reach 2 billion by 2030 under worsened climate conditions.
Legumes and Nodule Associated Bacteria Interaction as Key Factor for Abiotic Stresses Impact Mitigation
Authors: Omar Ahmed Idris Abdelmalik , Alamin Gibreel Noh Elnour
Published: September 2021

Due to climate change, different soil stresses are increasing continuously and they threat the world food security as they limit crop productivity. Therefore, this chapter aims at integrate information about the interaction between legumes and endophytes which will help to: deep understanding of the endophytes-legume relationship, draw attention to the possibilities to exploit this relationship in soil stress mitigation and unraveling what is need to be addressed in the future. The study reviewed the most recent previous scientific works in the field. For legumes tissue colonization, endophytes almost use the same routs which results in their presence in the same niches. Co-inoculation of these bacteria enhances plant growth directly and indirectly. Some endophytes characterized by stress tolerance which interact with legumes and mitigate the adverse effect of soil stresses like salinity, acidity/alkalinity, drought and heavy metal contamination. To reduce stress and enhance plant growth, legume-associated bacteria produce ACC deaminase and other compounds. The interaction process involves induction and expression of many legume-associated bacteria chromosomal and plasmid genes which indicates that this process is a genetic based. So isolation of stress tolerant legume-associated microbes and identification of the gene related to stress tolerance will aid in production of genetic engineered endophytes adaptive to different stresses. It is concluded that all soil stresses can be addressed by application of stress tolerant endophytes to the soil affected with environmental stresses which is sustainable and low cost approach. To maximize the benefit, searching for indigenous stress tolerant endophytes is recommended.
High-Risk Diabetic Maculopathy: Features and Management
Authors: G. Pandova Maya
Published: September 2021

A substantial group of patients with diabetic macular edema in our clinical practice is at high risk for profound and irreversible vision deterioration. Early identification of modifiable factors with long-term negative impact and their management, close monitoring and timely adjustments in the treatment can significantly reduce the probability of visual disability in the individual patient. This approach can also provide important guidelines for proactive decision making in order to avoid the risk of suboptimal response and unsatisfactory outcome.
A Survey on Recent Trends of PIO and Its Variants Applied for Motion Planning of Dynamic Agents
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Anwar Ali Zain , H. Alkhammash Eman
Published: September 2021

Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO) algorithm is gaining popularity since its development due to faster convergence ability with great efficiencies when compared with other bio-inspired algorithms. The navigation capability of homing pigeons has been precisely used in Pigeon Inspired Optimization algorithm and continuous advancement in existing algorithms is making it more suitable for complex optimization problems in various fields. The main theme of this survey paper is to introduce the basics of PIO along with technical advancements of PIO for the motion planning techniques of dynamic agents. The survey also comprises of findings and limitations of proposed work since its development to help the research scholar around the world for particular algorithm selection especially for motion planning. This survey might be extended up to application based in order to understand the importance of algorithm in future studies.
Accounting in a Social Context
Authors: Feeney Orla
Published: September 2021

Accounting permeates all of society. Accounting information is not homogenous and varies not just from company to company but from user to user, meaning that the use of such accounting information is actually a social phenomenon within an organization. Accounting cannot therefore be understood simply in terms of its functional properties but more as a socially constructed set of actions taking place within the organization, the landscape of which is constantly transforming. Digital technologies in the form of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) are expanding the organization’s data eco-system forcing the accountant to develop their digital technology skillset and forge links with the data scientist, the incumbent custodian of these growing data streams. Meanwhile, a rapidly expanding sustainability agenda is broadening the organization’s biophysical landscape leading to even more data flows and creating the need for management accounting and control systems which will help organizations to behave in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. This chapter explores each of these issues and calls for a deeper understanding of the relationship between accounting and big data, AI and sustainability.
Level of Antibody Response against Hepatitis B Virus after Vaccination and Seroprevalence of HBV in Children Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Biazin Kebede Habtamu , Teshome Seifegebriel
Published: September 2021

Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV and more than 240 million are chronic carriers. The World Health Organization officially launched the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine for children in 1980. Since then, different countries have determined the level of response to the vaccine. Since the introduction of the vaccine in Ethiopia in 2007, there have been few studies evaluating the antibody response to the HBV vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the HBV antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate the HBV seroprevalence of children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage probability sampling technique. Four hundred and fifty children between the ages of five and eight living in Addis Ababa were enrolled. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire and three to four ml of blood was collected from each child. ELISA was performed to determine antibody levels against HBV. The average age is seven + one (SD) years. Anti-HBs were detected in 54.3% (208/450) of children, and girls 98 (54.7%) had a slightly higher level of protection than boys 110 did (53.9%). The overall coverage rate of the vaccine in this study was 85.1%. The proportion of children with protective levels (> 10 mIU / ml of anti-HBs antibodies) decreased with increasing age of the children: 5, 6, 7 and 8 years were 52.6%, 60%, 43.5% and 37.1%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate for HBsAg is 0.4% and the seroprevalence rate for anti-HBc is 5.6%. Age and antibody response level were negatively correlated (p = 0.001), while gender and history of HBV infection were not significantly correlated. Age was also significantly correlated with anti-HBc seropositivity (p = 0.003). HBV vaccine coverage for children is high, but the antibody response to the vaccine appears to be low. The seropositivity rate for the virus is also very low. Low levels of response to the vaccine should be a problem. For unresponsive children, revaccination or booster doses should be considered. More research needs to be done.
Balancing Efficiency and Access: Discouraging Emergency Department Boarding in a Global Budget System
Authors: Stryckman Benoit , Kuhn Diane , Gingold Daniel , Fischer Kyle , Gatz J. David , Schenkel Stephen , Browne Brian
Published: September 2021

Reducing cost without sacrificing quality of patient care is an important yet challenging goal for healthcare professionals and policymakers alike. This challenge is at the forefront in the United States, where per capita healthcare costs are much higher than in similar countries around the world. The state of Maryland is unique in the hospital financing landscape due to its “capitation” payment system (also known as “global budget”), in which revenue for hospital-based services is set at the beginning of the year. Although Maryland’s system has yielded many benefits, including reduced Medicare spending, it also has had unintentional adverse consequences. These consequences, such as increased emergency department boarding and ambulance diversion, constrain Maryland hospitals’ ability to fulfill their role as emergency care providers and act as a safety net for vulnerable patient populations. In this article, we suggest policy remedies to mitigate the unintended consequences of Maryland’s model that should also prove instructive for a variety of emerging alternative payment mechanisms.
A Multivariable Model of Parent Satisfaction, Pain, and Opioid Administration in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Donaldson Candice , Heyming Theodore , Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Jenkins Brooke , Fortier Michelle , Feaster William , Kain Zeev
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Children and adolescents are not impervious to the unprecedented epidemic of opioid misuse in the United States. In 2016 more than 88,000 adolescents between the ages of 12–17 reported misusing opioid medication, and evidence suggests that there has been a rise in opioid-related mortality for pediatric patients. A major source of prescribed opioids for the treatment of pain is the emergency department (ED). The current study sought to assess the complex relationship between opioid administration, pain severity, and parent satisfaction with children’s care in a pediatric ED.

Methods: We examined data from a tertiary pediatric care facility. A health survey questionnaire was administered after ED discharge to capture the outcome of parental likelihood of providing a positive facility rating. We abstracted patient demographic, clinical, and top diagnostic information using electronic health records. Data were merged and multivariable models were constructed.

Results: We collected data from 15,895 pediatric patients between the ages of 0–17 years (mean = 6.69; standard deviation = 5.19) and their parents. Approximately 786 (4.94%) patients were administered an opioid; 8212 (51.70%) were administered a non-opioid analgesic; and 3966 (24.95%) expressed clinically significant pain (pain score >/= 4). Results of a multivariable regression analysis from these pediatric patients revealed a three-way interaction of age, pain severity, and opioid administration (odds ratio 1.022, 95% confidence interval, 1.006, 1.038, P = 0.007). Our findings suggest that opioid administration negatively impacted parent satisfaction of older adolescent patients in milder pain who were administered an opioid analgesic, but positively influenced the satisfaction scores of parents of younger children who were administered opioids. When pain levels were severe, the relationship between age and patient experience was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This investigation highlights the complexity of the relationship between opioid administration, pain severity, and satisfaction, and suggests that the impact of opioid administration on parent satisfaction is a function of the age of the child.
Re-evaluating the changing geographies of climate activism and the state in the post-climate emergency era in the build-up to COP26
Authors: Kythreotis Andrew P. , Howarth Candice , Mercer Theresa G. , Awcock Hannah , Jonas Andrew E.G.
Published: September 2021

A key aim of much climate activism is to enhance climate ambition and hold local and national governments, as well as global governance forums like the United Nations (UN), to account for the ways in which they implement and monitor climate policy across society to reverse long-term climate change. In recent years new local forms of climate activism, particularly at the urban scale, have taken a more prominent role in this. Although place-based, such local forms of climate activism are at the same time multi-scalar in orientation and strategic focus. This is particularly true in the UK where climate activism has prompted a number of local councils to declare climate emergencies, providing a mechanism by which they can become locally accountable in the delivery of their climate action plans, whilst at the same time holding national government to prior and future commitments to global climate governance. Using interview data with experts working on climate emergency declarations research across the UK, we critically discuss four key themes that have underpinned and catalysed the changing geographies of civil-state relationships within the climate emergency and what this may mean for future global climate governance under the UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties (COP). We argue that decision-makers at COP26 need to take greater heed of the significance of this new broader urban climate activism and its role in geopolitically mobilising more equitable, democratic and inclusive forms of climate governance which give citizens and civil society more credence within global climate policy decision-making processes that have been up to now, dominated by national state discourses.
Reseña de: Resta, Mario: «Cristo vale meno di un ballerino?» Danza e musica strumentale nel vissuto dei cristiani di età tardoantic
Authors: González Salinero Raúl
Published: September 2021

Reseña de: Resta, Mario: «Cristo vale meno di un ballerino?» Danza e musica strumentale nel vissuto dei cristiani di età tardoantica, Bari, Edipuglia (Biblioteca Tardoantica, 13), 2021, 141 pp., ISBN: 978-88-7228-948-8
Cancer Survivor Responses to Socratic Dialogue: An Explorative Study of the Experiences with Participation in an Innovative Intervention
Authors: Knox Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard
Published: September 2021

Objective: This article is based on an anonymous, open-ended written questionnaire of cancer survivors. Prior to answering the questionnaire, these survivors participated in a Socratic Dialogue Group (SDG) that philosophically addressed the fundamental life questions triggered by their cancer experience. The responses aim to cast light on whether SDG is suitable and beneficial for cancer survivors. Methods:  The study is based on two similar interventions: a pilot project from 2008-2010 and a research project from 2012-2015 involving a total of 50 participants divided into 9 SDGs. The projects included a questionnaire filled out by 26 out of 50 rehabilitating cancer patients aged 36 to 72 who had just completed participation in a SDG. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions. The seven questions were identical in the two projects. The projects were carried out at the Center for Cancer and Health in Copenhagen, Denmark. Results: All participants responded favorably to SDG as a way to philosophically address life questions. It was found both suitable for cancer survivors and beneficial for the process of returning to an everyday life. Participants found the particular thought process joyful, enriching and existentially sharpening their awareness in terms of life orientation post cancer. The study suggests a novel theoretical approach to cancer survivor care. Conclusion: Responses from the questionnaire illuminate the relevance of a philosophical approach to cancer care by implementing a method of Socratic dialogue among survivors.
Fra bindegal til uanbringelig
Authors: Møllerhøj Jette
Published: September 2021

Artiklens ærinde er at undersøge, hvordan tvang overfor mennesker, der blev vur- deret som behandlingskrævende eller for farlige og for voldsomme for det omgivende samfund, historisk er blevet afgrænset og forstået, og med hvilken legitimitet det har været muligt at udøve tvang. Med psykiatriens fødsel i anden halvdel af 1800-tallet flyttede en række af disse regulerende praksisser ind i et institutionaliseret hospitals- regi. Artiklen demonstrerer, at regulering og definering af legitim magtudøvelse over- for mennesker med en afvigende psykisk adfærd også fandt sted i samfundet før 1850. Der identificeres to modsatrettede tendenser. Reguleringen af og mulighederne for at an- vende tvang i behandlingspsykiatrien er blevet præciseret og begrænset i løbet af det 20. og især det 21. århundrede, og der er kommet øget fokus på retssikkerhed og den enkeltes selvbestemmelse. I forlængelse heraf er der formuleret politiske mål og iværksat en række udviklingsprojekter med henblik på at reducere anvendelsen af tvang i psykiatrien. På den anden side har der vist sig at være betydelig politisk villighed i forhold til at tillade og måske endda øge tvang og indgribende foranstaltninger i forhold til en gruppe af borgere udpeget som farlige, kaotiske, vanskelige eller ligefrem uanbringelige. Dermed har vi fået en ny og udvidet kategori af bindegale, over for hvem det, ikke mindst i kraft af en stigmatiserende og generaliserende udgrænsning, kommer til at fremstå som legitimt og nødvendigt at gribe ind med mere tvang. Dette tegner et paradoksalt mønster af politisk vilje til mindre tvang for de fleste, men mere tvang for de få.
Skola na daljinu
Authors: Milosevic Sanda
Published: September 2021

Brojne inicijative i istrazivacki projekti odnose se na uspostavljanje digitalnog obrazovanja u skolama. Nesporno je i da je ulozeno prilicno mnogo finansijskih sredstava u digitalizaciju obrazovanja. Ipak situacija u kojoj je bilo neophodno organizovati nastavu na daljinu zatekla nas je nespremne ili bar prilicno nespremne. Situacija u kojoj smo se iznenada nasli bila je sve samo ne uobicajena. Nije bilo osobe ciji se zivot i svakodnevnica nije promijenila. Nastava na daljinu predstavljala je poseban izazov za ucenike, nastavnike i roditelje. Informaticka i medij- ska pismenost svih ucesnika u nastavi na daljinu predstavljala je uslov za uspjesno provedenu realizaciju nastave na daljinu. Problemi su se rjesavali u hodu, mnogi su usvajali nova znanja razmjenjujuci iskustva i uceci jedni od drugih. U ovom radu prikazano je istrazivanje prove- deno u JU OS „Mladen Stojanavic“ Laktasi. Upitnik su popunjavali ucenici ( njih 513), rodite- lji ( 580) i nastavnici (37) iskazujuci svoja misljenja i stavove o realizaciji nastave na daljinu. Ovaj uzorak predstavlja otprilke 50% od ukupnepopulacije svake od navedenih kategorija, sto rezultate ovog istrazivanja cini prilicno vjerodostojnim. Istrazivanje je radeno putem online upitnika u desetoj sedmici nastave na daljinu. U radu su obradena i iskustva kolega iz regio- na kao i Evropske unije a pregled desavanja nam govori da se ova specificna situacija prilicno jednako odrazila i na ucesnike nastave na daljinu i u mnogo razvijenijim zemljama. Nismo sigurni hoce li se ovakva kriza u buducnosti ponoviti, ali ovo je sigurno pokazalo da je digitalno obrazovanje, u svim njegovim komponentama, posebno njegova obrazovna specificnost danas apsolutno nuzna. Ne mozemo poducavati na daljinu bez kvalitetnog obucavanja svih ucesnika u procesu obrazovanja. Veoma vazna dimenzija nije samo usvajanje alata za pristup resursima nego i uspostavljanje komunikacije sa ucenicima i roditeljima i pruzanje podrske u pedagoskoj komunikaciji koja se u potpunosti mijenja u slucaju izvodenja nastave na daljinu.
VIJECE EUROPE I BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA
Authors: Petrovic Zeljko
Published: September 2021

Vijece Europe kao najstarija europska organizacija sa sjedistem u Strasbourgu, koja u svom clanstvu ima sve europske drzave izuzev Bjelorusije, ima za glavni cilj jacanje suradnje i je- dinstva u Europi krozpromociju ljudskih prava, temeljnih sloboda, demokracije i vladavine prava. Vijece Europe usvojilo je preko 200 medunarodnih konvencija i protokola od kojih je najznacajnija Europska konvencija za zastitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda. Za Bosnu i Hercegovinu karakteristicno je da pored clanstva u medunarodnim organizacijama, one imaju aktivnu ulogu u samoj Bosni i Hercegovini, pa tako i Vijece Europe. Preambula Ustava Bosne i Hercegovine poziva se na Europsku konvenciju za zastitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda Vijeca Europe, te joj se daje prednost u odnosu na domace zakone sto je jedna od specificnosti uredenja Bosne i Hercegovine. Cilj rada je da se istrazi odnos Vijeca Europe i Bosne i Hercegovine uzimajuci u obzir sve specificnosti tog odnosa. Ukazace se na ulogu Vijeca Europe u promociji prije svega ljudskih prava kao i ulogu koju ima u Bosni i Hercegovini u izgradnji demokratskog drustva. Posebna paznja u radu dace se Europskoj konvenciji za zastitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda koja se direktno primjenjuje u Bosni i Hercegovine jos prije njenog pristupanja Vijecu Europe.
ULOGA I ZNACAJ SOCIJALNOG PREDUZETNISTVA
Authors: Postin Jasmina , Konjikusic Marko , Jagodic Rusic Aleksandra , Stojkovic Hadzi Strahinja
Published: September 2021

Tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija sve je veci i znacajniji interes naucnika za oblastpreduzetnistva kao rigoroznog akademskogpolja izucavanja, ukljucujuci namenske naucne casopise, nastavne predmete u poslovnim skolama, porast naucnih konferencija za preduzetnistvo. S obzirom da se svi akteri suocavaju sa velikim izazovima kroz odrziva resenja, uticaj perspektive socijalnogpreduzetnistva jeste da se svet ucini boljim. Cilj ovog rada jeste da se utice na na- ucnike i na celokupnu javnost da se prosire znanja angazovanosti i odgovornosti, kao i uloge koje imaju pojedinci, zajednice, preduzeca, vlade u cilju unapredenja dobrobiti ljudi i planete.
A New History of Modern Computing
Authors: Haigh Thomas , Ceruzzi Paul E.
Published: September 2021

How the computer became universal.

Over the past fifty years, the computer has been transformed from a hulking scientific supertool and data processing workhorse, remote from the experiences of ordinary people, to a diverse family of devices that billions rely on to play games, shop, stream music and movies, communicate, and count their steps. In A New History of Modern Computing, Thomas Haigh and Paul Ceruzzi trace these changes. A comprehensive reimagining of Ceruzzi's A History of Modern Computing, this new volume uses each chapter to recount one such transformation, describing how a particular community of users and producers remade the computer into something new.

Haigh and Ceruzzi ground their accounts of these computing revolutions in the longer and deeper history of computing technology. They begin with the story of the 1945 ENIAC computer, which introduced the vocabulary of “programs” and “programming,” and proceed through email, pocket calculators, personal computers, the World Wide Web, videogames, smart phones, and our current world of computers everywhere—in phones, cars, appliances, watches, and more. Finally, they consider the Tesla Model S as an object that simultaneously embodies many strands of computing.
High-resolution prediction of American red squirrel in Interior Alaska: a role model for conservation using open access data, machine learning, GIS and LIDAR
Authors: Robold Richard B. , Huettmann Falk
Published: September 2021

American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) are small mammals that are abundantly distributed throughout North America. Urbanization in the Anthropocene is now a global process, and squirrels live in affected landscapes. This leads to squirrels adjusting to human developments. Not much is known about the distribution of squirrels and squirrel middens near humans, especially not in the subarctic and sub-urbanized regions. Although this species is hunted, there are no real publicly available distribution and abundance estimates nor management plans and bag limits for squirrels in Alaska or in the United States known by us, except the endangered Mt. Graham squirrel. In general, insufficient squirrel conservation research is carried out; they are underrepresented in research and its literature. To further the science-based management for such species, this study aims to generate the first digital open access workflow as a generic research template for small mammal work including the latest machine learning of open source and high-resolution LIDAR data in an Open Source Geographic Information System (QGIS) and ArcGIS. Machine learning has proven to be less modeler biased and improve accuracy of the analysis outcome, therefore it is the preferred approach. This template is designed to be rapid, simple, robust, generic and effective for being used by a global audience. As a unique showcase, here a squirrel midden survey was carried out for two years (2016 and 2017). These squirrel middens were detected in a research area of 45,5 hectares (0,455 km2) in downtown Fairbanks, interior boreal forest of Alaska, U.S. Transect distances were geo-referenced with a GPS and adjusted to the visual conditions to count all squirrel middens within the survey area. Different layers of proximity to humans and habitat characteristics were assembled using aerial imagery and LIDAR data (3D data needed for an arboreal species like the red squirrels) consisting of a 3 × 3 m resolution. The layer data was used to train a predictive distribution model for red squirrel middens with machine learning. The model showed the relative index of occurrence (RIO) in a map and identified canopy height, distance to trails, canopy density and the distance to a lake, together, as the strongest predictors for squirrel midden distribution whereas open landscape and disturbed areas are avoided. It is concluded that squirrels select for high and dense forests for middens while avoiding human disturbance. This study is able to present a machine learning template to easily and rapidly produce an accurate abundance prediction which can be used for management implications.
''I don't know'' use and guessing on the bilingual Japanese vocabulary size test: clarifications and limitations
Authors: McDonald Kurtis , Asaba Mayumi
Published: September 2021

This paper offers a response to Hutchinson’s comments on ourpreliminary report of ”I don’t know” use and guessing on the bilingualJapanese Vocabulary Size Test (VST), which was published in VocabularyLearning and Instruction. In particular, it provides greater clarification ofthe English proficiency levels used throughout that paper and areiteration of what we see as its key findings regarding the range ofvocabulary size estimates that were able to be calculated for theparticipants. Finally, it addresses the methodological limitations ofthe original study, which, we believe, reduce any determinations aboutthe participants’ personality types or general test-taking behaviors tomere speculation.
Loanwords for language learners: Help or hindrance?
Authors: Nakao Kaori
Published: September 2021

Background: Loanwords are a growing component of the Japanese language. During the past six decades, the majority of new loanwords entering the Japanese language have come from the English language. For native Japanese speaking students, loanwords are a source of potential frustration and support, both within their L1 and L2 (English). Aims: To explore and further our understanding of students’ knowledgeof high frequency loanwords. Sample: One hundred thirty undergraduate students of mixed major, studying in a compulsory course (Eigo/Eigokaiwa), at Kyushu Sangyo University, participated in this exploratory study.Methods: This study compares loanword self-reported difficulty (L2) with students’ productive knowledge in their L1. This study was undertaken with a group of first- and second-year students (n!130) enrolled incompulsory English classes.Results: For half of the loanwords examined, self-reported difficulty and students’ productive knowledge was consistent. The remaining words examined were inconsistent with self-report measures, generally underestimating students’ actual productive knowledge. Conclusions: Error analyses of students’ L1 sentences indicated that inconsistencies observed between self-report and productive knowledge may be due to students’ partial knowledge of words expressed through their reliance on katakana translations of the words tested. Implications for practice and future directions are discussed.
The use of psycholinguistic formulaic language in the speech of higher level Japanese speakers of English
Authors: Cutler Stephen F.
Published: September 2021

A recent study by Cordier (2013) suggests that psycholinguistic formulaic sequences (multiword units that present a processing advantage to the individual speaker) may be more prevalent in L2 speakers than previously thought. The current study adopts the same identifcation process to explore the use of psycholinguistic formulaic sequences in the speech of Japanese Speakers of English (JSE).Eight adult JSE at intermediate or advanced levels of English each performed two speaking tasks: a structured interview and a narration task. Formulaic sequences were identifed on the basis of hierarchical conditions applied in strict order. The frst condition was fuency and the second condition checked for holisticity (using given diagnostic criteria). For each sample, two measures of formulaicity were calculated: FS% (the percentage of syllables that were part of a formulaic sequence) and ANR (the average number of formulaic syllables per run).The mean formulaicity of the samples (FS%=34.6%, ANR=1.64) suggests that psycholinguistic formulaic sequences, as defned and identifed here, may be a signifcant feature in the speech of intermediate/advanced JSE. The study also confrms the sensitivity of the results to task, with signifcantly more formulaic sequences used in the interview task than in the narration. Overall, the identifcation process was found to be a useful and systematic way of identifying formulaic sequences, but some further refnements of the diagnostic criteria and measures used are also suggested.
Modelling Claim Frequency in Insurance Using Count Models
Authors: Ademola A. Adetunji , Sabri Shamsul Rijal Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background: In modelling claim frequency in actuary science, a major challenge is the number of zero claims associated with datasets.

Aim: This study compares six count regression models on motorcycle insurance data.

Methodology: The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were used for selecting best models.

Results: Result of analysis showed that the Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) with no regressors for the zero component gives the best predictive ability for the data with the least BIC while the classical Negative Binomial model gives the best result for explanatory purpose with the least AIC.
Study on Knowledge and Practices of Ayurvedic Preventive Measures for Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Edirisinghe B. L. , Kulathunga W. M. S. S. K.
Published: September 2021

Respiratory diseases have become world health burden. It has been estimated that 65 million people have moderate severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases from which about 3 million die each year. Objective of this survey study was to assess knowledge and practice of Intern medical officers on Ayurvedic preventive measures for managing respiratory tract infectious diseases. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among the Intern Medical Officers during their training program. 85 respondents out of 150 were assessed for their knowledge and practices on Ayurvedic preventive measures for Respiratory tract infections by using pre-structured questionnaire. Among the sampled students, most of them were female 92.9% (79) and unmarried 51.8% (44). The mean age and the standard deviation of the respondents were 28.25 + 0.815 years. There were 41(48.2%) Intern medical students with good knowledge, 42(49.4%) were with satisfactory knowledge and 2.4% of the study group was having the little knowledge. Most of the respondents 56(65.9%) were doing good practice on preventing RTI and 29 (34.1%) respondents were doing bad practice. Overall the respondents have good practice on prevention of RTI with the mean score of 19.9 + 2.589.