bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban railways as an object of redevelopment
Authors: Radkevich A. V. , Hudenko V. F. , Yurkov D. A.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Analysis of the global experience of above-road construction and reconstruction of station complexes; the study of opportunities capacity above-road space in major Ukrainian cities, analyzing the general plan of Dnepropetrovsk in order to identify optimal areas for the construction of transport multicomplexes. Methodology. The chart method, the methods of field observation, and graphic simulation method have been used for the researches. Findings. The analysis of the general plans of the major cities of Ukraine found out that the railway line passing through residential, industrial, recreational and other areas of the city occupies from 2% to 6% of its territory. Zoning of railways and adjacent areas in the city of Dnepropetrovsk has been done; identified six types of sites and determined the prospects for their use. Originality. On the example of one of the most promising station areas in Dnepropetrovsk we propose a conceptual design of the reconstruction of the central railway station area with above-road space building by multifunctional complexes of the total useful floor area of more than 1 million m2. Practical value. The areas occupied by railway infrastructure are significant reserves for construction, especially in the areas of high concentration of transport and human masses, where no area for traditional methods of building left. In addition, this approach solves a number of related problems, integrating in a single centre a large number of internal and external passenger and cargo flows.
The losses from evaporations is the way for quality losses
Authors: Cherniak L. M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Nowadays constant expansion of transport sector is observed. As a result, the level of environment pollution with harmful hydrocarbon transport emissions is constantly increased. This has caused the increasing of European requirements both to used fuel quality and the standards of fuel emissions into the atmosphere. The basic sources of hazardous emissions are: emissions of hydrocarbon vapors fuels during transportation, storage, implementation of different technological operations, as well as products of fuel combustion. The level of vehicle environmental safety depends on quality of used fuel. Taking into account given circumstances the purpose of the article is the study of correlation between losses of motor gasoline from evaporation and possible negative changes of their physical and chemical, operating and environmental properties. Methodology. Standard methods of control of gasoline quality and monographic method. Findings. The interaction between losses from evaporation and standard of fuel is considered in the article. The results of research of physical and chemical and operating properties changes of motor benzine conditioned by evaporation are presented. The analysis has showed the dependence of motor benzine standard on quantitative losses from evaporation. Originality. Solving of important ecologic and energetic problem by preventing the losses of gasoline from evaporation. Practical value. The petroleum sector plants should be equipped with modern facilities for prevention of motor gasoline evaporation losses in order to minimize negative influence on the environment, as a result of both harmful hydrocarbon vapors emissions of gasoline (during storage, transportation and implementation of technological operations) and fuel use, which have undergone the negative changes of quality in consequence of evaporation.
Forming the organizational structure for activities
Authors: Barash U. S. , Martsenyuk L. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Development of theoretical and methodological foundations of efficiency of freight cars operating companies in railway reform through improved management structure them. Methodology. A theoretical and methodological approach for building effective management structure of freight wagons operating companies of different ownership forms is proposed, its introduction will significantly reduce detention of cars on technical stations under loading operations and maintenance, and thereby to improve the quality parameters of rolling stock usage in reform conditions of Ukraine railway transport. Findings. An improved control mechanism of cargo transportation is developed, it is different from the existing by its adaptation to the conditions of the reformed sector and the organization of management companies which together with the Ukrainian Transport and Logistics Center (UTLC) centralize management of all freight cars of domestic and foreign operating companies. Originality. It is proposed for management of cargo transportation in wagons operating companies of different ownership to organize a series of management companies that would have the right to dispose of universal cars of other domestic operating companies, being on leasehold basis, and to direct them to current and scheduled repairs by themselves; to organize the cargo transportation in wagons of domestic and foreign operating companies on a contractual terms, depending on the type and content of the contract, on the basis of additional contracts for a separate fee to perform current and scheduled repair of freight cars; the management company organizational structure is developed, it includes simultaneously two directions of activity: commercial and repair, it will reduce the stay time of rolling stock on the engineering stations during loading and in a non-operating park as far as this company will manage a significant part of the production cycle of the transportation process. Practical value. For efficient use of freight cars operating companies of different ownerships a new theoretical and methodological approach is proposed. It will improve the quality parameters of the rolling stock usage. The new technology of cargo transportation control of domestic and foreign operating companies through management companies and Ukrainian Transport and Logistics Center with the distribution of traffic depending on rolling stock type, owner cars or railway administration, organization of transportation is offered. The technique of the organizational structure of the management company, which includes a combination of two types of activities: commercial and cars repair of different ownership is developed.
Improved method of determination of economic efficiency of construction and operation of high speed mainline in Ukraine
Authors: Barash YU. S. , Momot A. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To develop an advanced methodology and formulate the measures concerning the definition of economic efficiency of high-speed movement organization taking into account the operating experience of rapid transportations in Ukraine, travel time, number of stops on the route, schedule and the demand for these transportations. Methodology. The economic feasibility for appropriateness of high-speed movement organization in Ukraine is an investment project, which involves step-by-step money investment to the construction. To solve such problems one uses net present value, which UZ or newly created companies can get during the project realization and after its completion. Findings. On the basis of obtained studies one can state that the methodology of complex determination of construction efficiency and high-speed passenger trains operation taking into account the cost of infrastructure, rolling stock, impact of environmental factors, etc. was developed in the article. Originality. We propose a scientific approach to determine the economic efficiency of the construction and high-speed main lines operation. This approach, unlike the existing one, includes the improved principles of determining the passenger traffic, the cost of high-speed mainline construction, the number of rolling stock; optimizes income and expenditure calculations in the context of competitive advantages and impact of the external factors on the company. For the first time it was taken into account the transit flow of passengers departing from CIS countries to the vacation in the Crimea, the Carpathians, Odessa and Lviv regions. The account of these factors increases the feasibility of administrative decisions concerning ensuring the efficiency of high-speed traffic functioning. Practical value. The proposed methodology and the research results allowed determining the construction reasonability of high-speed mainline for the passenger trains with a speed at least250 km/h inUkraine. This will allow the high-speed passenger traffic to occupy its niche in the transport market ofUkraine.
Economic safety problem in modern macro and micro concepts
Authors: Rekun I. I.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Security is an important component of economic security and the guaranteeing of appropriate national interests in the state. All these things are closely related to the economic efficiency of operations of economic entities, with economic independence, stability and security of a society. In addition, economic security is a part of national security, its foundation and material basis. The problem of economic security in modern conditions at the micro and macro levels requires determining the main directions of its formation. Methodology. To achieve this goal, basic directions of a security mechanism of the economic system, in particular on the macro level were grounded. Findings. Economic security is such state of the state economy operation in which the order of equilibrium occurred in certain organizational and legal norms on the basis of social life. These regulations are created be the state, principles of coexistence, which are transmitted from generation to generation. The current state of economic security guaranteeing at the macro and micro levels was analyzed. The system of indicators that can be used in the assessment of the security system was determined. Originality. Propositions concerning necessary changes in the policy of economic security in a state were formulated. The system of indicators which can be used in the assessment of the security system was offered. Practical value. Using of the proposed system of economic security indicators will expand the list of important factors affecting on its status and allow us determining the main directions of its formation.
Stimulation methods improvement of exit route on railway transport
Authors: Verlan A. I.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the costs, which are redistributed in the system «shipper−railroad−consignee» during routing of rail transportation and the development of tariff simulation methods of shippers to the exit routes formation. Methodology. Using economic and mathematical analysis the distribution of costs among the various participants of transportation process during the exit routes formation is investigated in the article. Findings. For implementation of the tariff simulation methods of exit routes and retention of the existing tariff structure it is proposed to provide in the «Tariff catalogue for freight transportation by railway transport of Ukraine» the discount, differentiated from haulage distance. A new method for determining the fees amount for cars supply and removal on approach tracks by train locomotives was also offered. Originality. As a result of the research a new method for determination of the exit rout efficiency that, unlike the existing one, takes into account the various interests of the individual participants in the transportation process was proposed. The dependence of the correction factors to the tariff for freight transportation in their own cars by direct exit routes from distance haulage was obtained. Implementation of these coefficients provides an approximation of railway tariffs to the traffic handling costs. A method for determination the rate of fees for cars supply and removal on approach tracks by train locomotives was offered. Practical value. InUkraine creation of the tariff discounts system for freight transportation by exit routes consistent with international practice and allows bringing the tariff to the real traffic handling cost. This change on the one hand will provide stimulation for private capital investments in infrastructure development and shunting means of approach tracks, on the other – it will fix the shippers to the railroads and stop their outflow for alternative modes of transport.
Basic requirements and principles of creation onboard diagnostic systems of locomotives
Authors: Bodnar YE. B.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Justification of the basic principles of construction on-board diagnostic systems locomotive and choose from high-performance and reliable interface for the exchange of information on-board diagnostic systems. Methodology. Problem of getting correct and adequate information about the technical state of the technical object is solved with the use and compliance of the fundamental principles of modern computers. Findings. High-performance and reliable interface to exchange messages between different units of management systems and on-board diagnostic systems was selected. Properties which are required high data rate, high reliability and low error rate of information transfer. Originality. The main principles of building on-board diagnostic systems which ensure compliance locomotives accumulation of accurate and adequate information about the technical condition which is necessary to organize its maintenance and repair were formulated. Practical value. Diagnostic equipment designed with use of requirements set forth above and principles will affect the technical condition of the engine, increasing the likelihood of uptime, productivity and locomotive repair teams. The introduction of on-board diagnostic systems and stationary locomotives will significantly improve the system and optimize their maintenance costs of maintenance and repairs. Besides, information about diagnostic parameters changing accumulated with the aim of airborne systems will be used in order to create mathematical models that, in turn, will organize a system of maintenance and predict the technical condition of locomotives.
Dynamics of freight cars on bogies model 18-1711 with different wedge de-signs of spring suspension
Authors: Mankevych N. B.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To analyze the results of the study of dynamic parameters of a gondola car, model 12-1704-04 with axle load 23.5 ton in bogies, models 18-1750 and two gondola cars, model 12-1905 with axial load of 25 ton, one of which is equipped with bogies, model 18-1711 with friction wedges of spring suspension with spatial form with increased angle to the horizontal line of intersection of the contact surfaces between the wedge and bolster, the other gondola car, model 12-1905 is equipped with bogies of the same model on which the friction wedges fitted with a flat form of contact surface. It has an angle of inclination like a wedge of bogie, model 18-100. On the basis of the obtained results to draw conclusions about the feasibility of unification design bogie bolster, model 18-1711 with bogie, model 18-100 by contact surfaces with elements of spring suspension. Methodology. Research on dynamic performance of cars was performed during running dynamic tests of specimens of freight cars in experimental train consisting of two locomotives, a laboratory, and three gondola cars of the above mentioned models. Findings. Main results of dynamic studies are presented as graphs of indicators on the speed of the train and the experimental evidence that the freight gondola cars on bogies, model 18-1711 with flat-shaped wedges, in most cases are better than the others. Originality. Research results of cars on bogies, model 18-1711 were obtained. They let assess the dependence of the dynamic performance of the car from the design of the friction wedges of spring suspension. Practical value. Cast parts of bogie, model 18-1711 with 25 ton axle load can be used as a replacement of defective parts of bogie, model 18-100 and its analogs.
Mathematical modeling of the unput devices in automatic locomotive signaling system
Authors: Gololobova O. O.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To examine the operation of the automatic locomotive signaling system (ALS), to find out the influence of external factors on the devices operation and the quality of the code information derived from track circuit information, as well as to enable modeling of failure occurrences that may appear during operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the main obstacles in ALS operation and the reasons for their occurrence were considered and the system structure principle was researched. The mathematical model for input equipment of the continuous automatic locomotive signaling system (ALS) with the number coding was developed. It was designed taking into account all the types of code signals “R”, “Y”, “RY” and equivalent scheme of replacing the filter with a frequency of 50 Hz. Findings. The operation of ALSN with a signal current frequency of 50 Hz was examined. The adequate mathematical model of input equipment of ALS with a frequency of 50 Hz was developed. Originality. The computer model of input equipment of ALS system in the environment of MATLAB+Simulink was developed. The results of the computer modeling on the outlet of the filter during delivering every type of code combination were given in the article. Practical value. With the use of developed mathematical model of ALS system operation we have an opportunity to study, research and determine behavior of the circuit during the normal operation mode and failure occurrences. Also there is a possibility to develop and apply different scheme decisions in modeling environment MATLAB+Simulink for reducing the influence of obstacles on the functional capability of ALS and to model the occurrence of possible difficulties.
Improvement of freight transportation process and their management mechanism
Authors: Martsenyuk L. V. , Vyshniakova A. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. For Ukraine as for a post-socialist state there is an objective need of reforming on railway transport. In order to meet the requirements of consumers both within the country and outside of it, it is necessary to solve transport problems in time and to introduce new technologies, without lagging behind the developed European states. The purpose of this article is identification of problems in the process of freight transportations and development of ways of their overcoming, formation of the principles of economic efficiency increase for the use of freight cars using the improvement of management mechanism of freight transportations in the conditions of reforming. Methodology. Methods of strategic planning, system approach for research on improvement of the management mechanism of freight transportations, as well as the organizational-administrative method for structure of management construction were used in this research. Findings. Authors have explored the problems arising in the process of transportation of goods and measures, which will increase the efficiency of goods transportation. Advanced mechanism of freight transportation management for its application in the conditions of the railway transport reforming was developed. It is based on management centralization. Originality. The major factors, which slow down process of cargo transportations, are investigated in the article. The principles of management mechanism improvement of freight transportations are stated. They are based on association of commercial and car-repair activity of depots. All this will allow reducing considerably a car turn by decrease in duration of idle times on railway transport, increasing the speed of freight delivery and cutting down a transport component in the price of delivered production. Practical value. The offered measures will improve the efficiency of rolling stock use and increase cargo volumes turnover, promote links of Ukraine with neighboring countries.
Airports classification and priority of their reconstruction
Authors: Marintseva K. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. It is important for Ukraine to have a network of airports, which would promote the current and long-term implementation of air transportation needs of the population and the economics. This study aims to establish criteria of airports classification to determine their role in the development of the air transport system of Ukraine. Methodology. The methods of statistical analysis were used for the processing of data according to categories of airport productivity and geographic information system for data visualization. Findings. It is established that the existing division of Ukrainian airports into international and domestic, as well as into coordinated and non-coordinated ones is not relevant for determining the role of airport in the development of air transport system of the country and accordingly for the priority in financing of their modernization. The approach to the determination of airports classifications using analysis of performance categories was developed. Originality. Classification criterions of the airports in Ukraine are proposed: by type of activity and by the maintenance of scheduled route network. It is proposed to classify the airports by the type of activity to the primary commercial, commercial, cargo primary commercial, cargo commercial and general aviation. According to the scheduled route network maintenane it is proposed to classify the airports as the primary, non-primary and auxiliary hubs. An example of classification by the given criteria is submitted. Practical value. The value of the obtained results is in the possibility of using the proposed classification in the task of determining the priorities for financing the country's airports. As opposed to the practice of directed funding procedure in the framework of the state program of airports development, it is proposed to take into account the fact that the resumption of the functioning of the airport and/or its modernization should be as a response to effective demand of consumers (in this case, airlines), which will be the guarantors of investment return.
Investigation of curves set by cubic distribution of curvature
Authors: Ustenko S. A. , Didanov S. V. , Agarkov O. YU.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Further development of the geometric modeling of curvelinear contours of different objects based on the specified cubic curvature distribution and setpoints of curvature in the boundary points. Methodology. We investigate the flat section of the curvilinear contour generating under condition that cubic curvature distribution is set. Curve begins and ends at the given points, where angles of tangent slope and curvature are also determined. It was obtained the curvature equation of this curve, depending on the section length and coefficient c of cubic curvature distribution. The analysis of obtained equation was carried out. As well as, it was investigated the conditions, in which the inflection points of the curve are appearing. One should find such an interval of parameter change (depending on the input data and the section length), in order to place the inflection point of the curvature graph outside the curve section borders. It was determined the dependence of tangent slope of angle to the curve at its arbitrary point, as well as it was given the recommendations to solve a system of integral equations that allow finding the length of the curve section and the coefficient c of curvature cubic distribution. Findings. As the result of curves research, it is found that the criterion for their selection one can consider the absence of inflection points of the curvature on the observed section. Influence analysis of the parameter c on the graph of tangent slope angle to the curve showed that regardless of its value, it is provided the same rate of angle increase of tangent slope to the curve. Originality. It is improved the approach to geometric modeling of curves based on cubic curvature distribution with its given values at the boundary points by eliminating the inflection points from the observed section of curvilinear contours. Practical value. Curves obtained using the proposed method can be used for geometric modeling of curvilinear contours of objects in different industry branches.
Research of using open double t beams for spans in floating bridges
Authors: Gorbatiuk YU. M. , Soldatov K. I. , Papko M. S.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The publication presents the results of calculations of spans for floating bridges with open double T beams. The purpose of research is to analyze the suitability of spans from open double T beams for floating bridges with minimum weight under loads, which is provided by standards for modern floating bridges designing. Methodology. Comparative method, analytical calculation methods (influence lines methodology), strength calculations, endurance, maximum shear stress are used in this paper. Findings. Current loads for bridges calculations are 75% more than those, for which the spans of floating bridge from NZhM-56 property are designed. The use of open double T beams that is formed with double T beam no. 70 (the height of the open one is 104 cm) reduces the cross sectional area in a weakened spot, but virtually it does not influence the strength and durability of the material. The use of open double T beams for spans of floating bridges saves up to 22 % of metal that means one in five spans will made of saved metal. Savings on each spans, such as CRP, will be 33.6 - 263 thous. grn. (considering the price of 1 ton of final product 29 thous. grn.). Originality. Research allows making next step in material saving and use of open double T beams for spans in the whole. Practical value. The obtained results give us possibility to make a number of conclusions that allow us to become more familiar and more practical with the use of open double T beams for spans of floating bridges.
Maize and Weed Growth under Multispecies Competition
Authors: Yousefi Ali Reza , Karimmojeni Hassan , Mashhadi Hamid Rahimian , Amini Rouhollah
Published: April 2015

Multispecies competition effects of Xanthium strumarium L. and Datura stramonium L. have not been characterized in maize (Zea mays L.). Such information would be useful in developing an integrated approach to managing these two problematic weeds. Field experiments were conducted during 2 yr to evaluate multiple weed species interference of X. strumarium and D. stramonium at the total densities of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 plants m−2 (alone, and all possible combinations of the two weeds) with maize. Crop yield was associated with the density of D. stramonium and X. strumarium and decreased severely with increasing weed density. The maximum maize yield loss (63%) occurred when 12 X. strumarium and 4 D. Stramonium plants m−2 were allowed to compete with the crop. The total weed density (expressed in X. strumarium equivalent density) required to cause a 5% maize yield loss was about 0.50 and 0.56 plants m−2 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Total canopy leaf area index and crop yield were reduced more strongly by competition with X. strumarium than with D. stramonium. Averaged over multispecies populations, X. strumarium contributed 84 and 67% of the total weed biomass in the first and second years, respectively. Owing to the high competitive ability and biomass production of X. strumarium in mixed crop and weed communities, it should be given a greater priority for control than D. stramonium in maize.
Prediction of Genetic Variance in Biparental Maize Populations: Genomewide Marker Effects versus Mean Genetic Variance in Prior Populations
Authors: Lian Lian , Jacobson Amy , Zhong Shengqiang , Bernardo Rex
Published: April 2015

Good methods are lacking for predicting the genetic variance (VG) in biparental populations. Our objective was to determine whether genomewide marker effects and related populations could be used to predict the VG when two parents (A and B) are crossed to form a segregating population. For each of 85 A/B populations, 2 to 23 maize (Zea mays L.) populations with A and B as one of the parents were used as the training population. In the genomewide selection model, the testcross VG in A/B was predicted as the variance among the predicted genotypic values of progeny from a simulated A/B population. In the mean variance model, VG in A/B was predicted as the mean of VG in a series of A/* populations and */B populations, where * denotes a random parent. The correlations between observed and predicted VG were significant (P = 0.05) for both the genomewide selection model (0.18 for yield, 0.49 for moisture, and 0.52 for test weight) and the mean variance model (0.26 for yield, 0.46 for moisture, and 0.50 for test weight). The percentages of bias in estimates of VG were −28 to −60% for the genomewide selection model, but were only −1 to 5% for the mean variance model. Our results indicated that the VG in an A/B population could be predicted as the mean variance among populations with A and B as one of the parents. The mean variance model should be practical in breeding programs because it simply uses phenotypic data from prior, related populations.
French vertical-flow constructed wetlands in mountain areas: how do cold temperatures impact performances?
Authors: Prost-Boucle S. , Garcia O. , Molle P.
Published: April 2015

The French version of vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) is characterized by treating directly raw wastewater on a first-stage filter. VFCW is a well developed technology with more than 3,500 plants in operation in France. However, VFCW performance may be affected under the low temperatures reached in mountain areas during winter. The effect of cold conditions over 12 plants, ranging from 75 to 1,900 person equivalent and from 680 to 1,500 m above sea level, was studied over 2 years. The plant hydraulic loads, and air and filter temperatures were continuously measured. In addition, 24-h flow proportional sampling, at each stage of treatment, was conducted in summer (as a reference) and winter. Online measurements of ammonium and nitrates were also analyzed to describe the nitrogen removal dynamics. Since no impact on chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids removal was observed, the effect of cold temperatures on nitrification was further analyzed. Nitrogen removal was relatively unaffected during winter season. Significant effects were confirmed only for the second stage for loads above 10 gTKN/m2/d (TKN: total Kjeldahl nitrogen). Temperature profiles allowed analysis of the filter buffer capacity in terms of freezing. Under minimal air temperature of −19 °C, no critical operation was observed, although design and operation recommendations can be provided to ensure suitable plant performances.
Combined sewer overflow control with LID based on SWMM: an example in Shanghai, China
Authors: Liao Z. L. , Zhang G. Q. , Wu Z. H. , He Y. , Chen H.
Published: April 2015

Although low impact development (LID) has been commonly applied across the developed countries for mitigating the negative impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on urban hydrological environment, it has not been widely used in developing countries yet. In this paper, a typical combined sewer system in an urbanized area of Shanghai, China was used to demonstrate how to design and choose CSO control solutions with LID using stormwater management model. We constructed and simulated three types of CSO control scenarios. Our findings support the notion that LID measures possess favorable capability on CSO reduction. Nevertheless, the green scenarios which are completely comprised by LID measures fail to achieve the maximal effectiveness on CSO reduction, while the gray-green scenarios (LID measure combined with gray measures) achieve it. The unit cost-effectiveness of each type of scenario sorts as: green scenario > gray-green scenario > gray scenario. Actually, as the storage tank is built in the case catchment, a complete application of green scenario is inaccessible here. Through comprehensive evaluation and comparison, the gray-green scenario F which used the combination of storage tank, bio-retention and rain barrels is considered as the most feasible one in this case.
Clofibric acid and gemfibrozil removal in membrane bioreactors
Authors: Gutierrez-Macias Tania , Nacheva Petia Mijaylova
Published: April 2015

The removal of two blood lipid regulators, clofibric acid (CLA) and gemfibrozil (GFZ), was evaluated using two identical aerobic membrane bioreactors with 6.5 L effective volume each. Polysulfone ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes were submerged in the reactors. Different operating conditions were tested varying the organic load (F/M), hydraulic residence time (HRT), biomass concentration measured as total suspended solids in the mixed liquor (MLTSS) and the sludge retention time (SRT). Complete GFZ removal was obtained with F/M of 0.21–0.48 kg COD kgTSS−1 d−1, HRT of 4–10 hours, SRT of 10–32 d and MLTSS of 6–10 g L−1. The GFZ removal can be attributed to biodegradation and there was no accumulation of the compound in the biomass. The CLA removals improved with the SRT and HRT increase and F/M decrease. Average removals of 78–79% were obtained with SRT 16–32 d, F/M of 0.21–0.34 kgCOD kgTSS−1 d−1, HRT of 7–10 hours and MLTSS of 6–10 g L−1. Biodegradation was found to be the main removal pathway.
Biodiesel from wastewater: lipid production in high rate algal pond receiving disinfected effluent
Authors: Assemany Paula Peixoto , Calijuri Maria Lucia , do Couto Eduardo de Aguiar , Santiago Aníbal Fonseca , dos Reis Alberto José Delgado
Published: April 2015

The production of different species of microalgae in consortium with other micro-organisms from wastewaters may represent an alternative process, to reduce the costs, for obtaining biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-ultraviolet disinfection (UV) in the production of lipids from biomass produced in high rate ponds. Two high rate algal ponds were evaluated: a pond that received domestic sewage without disinfection and the other receiving domestic sewage previously disinfected by UV radiation (uvHRAP). The UV disinfection did not lead to significant differences in fatty acid profile and total lipid productivities, although it increased algal biomass concentration and productivity as well as lipid content. Moreover, the overall biomass concentrations and productivities decreased with the UV disinfection, mostly as a consequence of a loss in bacterial load. We thus conclude that uvHRAP disinfection may represent a potential strategy to promote the cleaner and safer growth of algal biomass when cultivated in consortium with other micro-organisms. Mainly regarding the use of wastewater as culture medium, together with a cheaper production of lipids for biodiesel, pre-disinfection may represent an advance since extraction costs could be significantly trimmed due to the increase in lipid content.
A probabilistic QMRA of Salmonella in direct agricultural reuse of treated municipal wastewater
Authors: Amha Yamrot M. , Kumaraswamy Rajkumari , Ahmad Farrukh
Published: April 2015

Developing reliable quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) procedures aids in setting recommendations on reuse applications of treated wastewater. In this study, a probabilistic QMRA to determine the risk of Salmonella infections resulting from the consumption of edible crops irrigated with treated wastewater was conducted. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to enumerate Salmonella spp. in post-disinfected samples, where they showed concentrations ranging from 90 to 1,600 cells/100 mL. The results were used to construct probabilistic exposure models for the raw consumption of three vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, and cucumber) irrigated with treated wastewater, and to estimate the disease burden using Monte Carlo analysis. The results showed elevated median disease burden, when compared with acceptable disease burden set by the World Health Organization, which is 10−6 disability-adjusted life years per person per year. Of the three vegetables considered, lettuce showed the highest risk of infection in all scenarios considered, while cucumber showed the lowest risk. The results of the Salmonella concentration obtained with qPCR were compared with the results of Escherichia coli concentration for samples taken on the same sampling dates.
Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of activated carbons produced from coals of different ranks
Authors: Purevsuren B. , Lin Chin-Jung , Davaajav Y. , Ariunaa A. , Batbileg S. , Avid B. , Jargalmaa S. , Huang Yu , Liou Sofia Ya-Hsuan
Published: April 2015

Activated carbons (ACs) from six coals, ranging from low-rank lignite brown coal to high-rank stone coal, were utilized as adsorbents to remove basic methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The surface properties of the obtained ACs were characterized via thermal analysis, N2 isothermal sorption, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration. As coal rank decreased, an increase in the heterogeneity of the pore structures and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups increased MB coverage on its surface. The equilibrium data ﬁtted well with the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity of MB ranged from 51.8 to 344.8 mg g−1. Good correlation coefficients were obtained using the intra-particle diffusion model, indicating that the adsorption of MB onto ACs is diffusion controlled. The values of the effective diffusion coefficient ranged from 0.61 × 10−10 to 7.1 × 10−10 m2 s−1, indicating that ACs from lower-rank coals have higher effective diffusivities. Among all the ACs obtained from selected coals, the AC from low-rank lignite brown coal was the most effective in removing MB from an aqueous solution.
Optimization of industrial structure based on water environmental carrying capacity in Tieling City
Authors: Yue Qiang , Hou Limin , Wang Tong , Wang Liusuo , Zhu Yue , Wang Xiu , Cheng Xilei
Published: April 2015

A system dynamics optimization model of the industrial structure of Tieling City based on water environmental carrying capacity has been established. This system is divided into the following subsystems: water resources, economics, population, contaminants, and agriculture and husbandry. Three schemes were designed to simulate the model from 2011 to 2020, and these schemes were compared to obtain an optimal social and economic development model in Tieling City. Policy recommendations on industrial structure optimization based on the optimal solution provide scientific decision-making advice to develop a strong and sustainable economy in Tieling.
Effect of Structural Composition and Position of Occlusion on the Legibility of Occluded Chinese Characters
Authors: Tsao Yung-Chin , Liao Ching-Chih
Published: April 2015

The study examined the effect of structural composition, position of occlusion, and education background on response time and accuracy rate of adult participants in recognition of occluded Chinese characters used in graphic design. Based on 18 Chinese characters selected from the top 4,000 most commonly used characters, a recognition experiment was conducted. Results indicated that, for the characters with two different composition structures, the right position was the best position of occlusion because the recognition of the radical or feature of a character would be least affected, leading to a shorter response time and more accurate reading comprehension. Educational background did not have a significant influence on response time and recognition accuracy.
Advanced Usage of Inertia Test Stand – Measurement of the Gearbox No-Load Losses
Authors: Achtenová Gabriela , Pakosta Jiří
Published: April 2015

In the laboratories of Czech Technical University in Prague a new inertia test stand was designed and realised. Its main purpose is to test the behavior and endurance of the internal shift mechanisms of passenger car gearboxes. In this paper we present further usage of the test stand, which consists of measurement of gearbox losses. The gearbox on the inertia test stand cannot be loaded; therefore the target is the measurement of losses resulting mainly from splash lubrication and some additional gearbox friction (e.g. friction in shaft sealing, bearing losses). The most typical passenger car mechanical five speed gearbox for transversal position of the drivetrain was chosen for this experiment.
Can antioxidants compliment for the degrading conditions in epilepsy
Authors: Mondal Monami
Published: April 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v1i3.12473 J. Biomed Sci. 2014, 1(3):12-13
On the uncertainty of sea-ice isostasy
Authors: Geiger Cathleen , Wadhams Peter , Müller Hans-Reinhard , Richter-Menge Jacqueline , Samluk Jesse , Deliberty Tracy , Corradina Victoria
Published: April 2015

During late winter 2007, coincident measurements of sea ice were collected using various sensors at an ice camp in the Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic. Analysis of the archived data provides new insight into sea-ice isostasy and its related R-factor through case studies at three scales using different combinations of snow and ice thickness components. At the smallest scale (<1 m; point scale), isostasy is not expected, so we calculate a residual and define this as Ж (‘zjey’) to describe vertical displacement due to deformation. From 1 to 10 m length scales, we explore traditional isostasy and identify a specific sequence of thickness calculations which minimize freeboard and elevation uncertainty. An effective solution exists when the R-factor is allowed to vary: ranging from 2 to 12, with mean of 5.17, mode of 5.88 and skewed distribution. At regional scales, underwater, airborne and spaceborne platforms are always missing thickness variables from either above or below sea level. For such situations, realistic agreement is found by applying small-scale skewed ranges for the R-factor. These findings encourage a broader isostasy solution as a function of potential energy and length scale. Overall, results add insight to data collection strategies and metadata characteristics of different thickness products.
Usability of bioslurry to improve system productivity and economic return under potato-rice cropping system
Authors: Haque M Asadul , Jahiruddin M , Rahman M Mazibur , Saleque M Abu
Published: April 2015

Establishment of huge number of biogas plant in the recent years in Bangladesh creates a burden to disposal of bioslurry. An attempt was undertaken to explore the usability of bioslurry in agricultural crop production under potato-rice system as well as to reduce bioslurry induced pollution. The experiment involved a sole chemical fertilizer treatment, four treatments based on integrated plant nutrition system with 5 t ha-1 cowdung and cowdung bioslurry and 3 t ha1 poultry manure and poultry manure bioslurry, and a control. The potato crops received manures or slurries, and its residual effect was evaluated on the succeeding T.Aman crop. Poultry manure bioslurry, poultry manure, cowdung bioslurry and cowdung gave 22.5, 20.0, 9.9 and 2.9 % increase in total system productivity, respectively over sole chemical fertilizer treatment. Bioslurries had higher contribution compared to their respective original manure. Bioslurry was found very useful as manure for crop production.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 27-33, April 2015
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and yield performance of soybean
Authors: Begum Mst Anjumanara , Islam Md Aminul , Ahmed Quazi Maruf , Islam Md Anwarul , Rahman Md Moshiur
Published: April 2015

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the performance of soybean. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 25 and 40 kg N ha-1) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 18, 36 and 54 kg P ha-1) were considered as treatment for the experiment. Soybean responded remarkably to the added nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Significant effect on number of branches and seeds plant-1, plant height, number of filled pods plant-1, weight of seeds plant-1, dry weight of plant, stover weight plant-1, 1000-seed weight, seed and stover yield were obtained from the combined application of 25 kg N with 54 kg P ha-1.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 35-42, April 2015
Shoot regeneration and root induction in brinjal by growth regulators
Authors: Alim Md Abdul , Biswas Bhabendra Kumar , Hasanuzzaman Md , Bala Pronay , Roy Santanu
Published: April 2015

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of genotypes and growth regulators on root induction and shoot regeneration of brinjal (Solanum melongena) genotypes. Leaf segments of three varieties of Solanum were cultured on MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Among the tested genotypes, Protab showed highest percentage of shoot regeneration (65.67%). Early and maximum rate of regeneration was found in MS + 1 mg/L NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) + 0.1 mg/LBAP (6-benzylamino purine) for all the genotypes. The highest number of roots per shoot was counted in Protab (73.33%) on ½MS + 2 mg/L IBA (indole butyric acid) + 0.4 mg/L BAP. Based on the overall performance, the variety Protab appeared as the best for shoot and root formation and ultimately successful regeneration of plants.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 43-51, April 2015
Effects of indigenous medicinal plant Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broiler
Authors: Alom Firoj , Mostofa Mahbub , Alam M Nurul , Sorwar M Golam , Uddin Jashim , Rahman M Mizanur
Published: April 2015

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum ) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broiler. Thirty (30) day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Kazi hatchery and after seven days of acclimatization in the poultry shed of Pharmacology department randomly divided into two groups I0 and I1. No vaccination schedule was practiced and no antibiotics were added in rations. Group was supplemented with Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves extract @ 2ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain upto 5th weeks and blood test was performed at 17th and 35th days age of broiler to observe the hematological changes between control (Group) and treatment (Group) group. The treatment group (Group A) recorded statistically non- significant for live body weight at 1st and 2nd weeks than that of control group (Group B) but found statistically significant at 3rd (p<0.01), 4th (P<0.05) and 5th (P<0.01) weeks of age and the Hematological parameters (TEC, PCV, Hb and ESR) showed statistically significant (p<0.01) difference as compared to control group.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 97-102, April 2015
The Work of a ‘Young Nationalist’?: Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and the Commemoration of Easter 1916
Authors: Richards Shaun
Published: April 2015

In 1965 Tom Murphy was commissioned by BBC Television to write a play, The Patriot Game, to be broadcast in the following year on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Easter Rising. However, it was finally not made as the estimated cost of the production exceeded the allocated budget. The play remained unseen, until twenty-five years later Murphy revised the work for a stage production on the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Rising in 1991. This essay analyzes the two versions of The Patriot Game within the context of very different moments of commemoration; the first at a time of national redefinition when the Irish state used the event as part of its modernization agenda, and the second when the Troubles in Northern Ireland problematized any public commemoration of armed struggle in the pursuit of political aims. It examines how Murphy's 1991 version of his play went against the tendency of contemporary writers whose attitude to the Rising was one of rejection or derision and, in particular, compares the production of The Patriot Game with the Garry Hynes's production of The Plough and the Stars which was on the Abbey's main stage while Murphy's play occupied the smaller space of the Peacock.