bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of a grism placed at the end face of an optical fiber for coupling light into a waveguide
Authors: Pala Piotr , Komorowska Katarzyna , Szpecht Andrea , Martynkien Tadeusz
Published: October 2024

In this study, we designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested grating-prism (grism) structures placed at the end face of an optical fiber to couple light into waveguides. We proposed a simple and fast numerical computational approach based on the search conditions of guided-mode resonance to optimize the coupler geometry. Finally, we used the low-cost, repeatable, and accurate nanoimprint method to fabricate an optical fiber end-face grism, which enables the coupling of light into SU-8 waveguides. Moreover, the fabricated fiber coupler was used to estimate waveguide losses.
Intent-based control and management framework for optical transport networks supporting B5G services empowered by large language models [Invited]
Authors: Tzanakaki Anna , Anastasopoulos Markos , Alevizaki Victoria-Maria
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the development of an intent-based networking (IBN) control and management framework automating operations of beyond 5G (B5G) infrastructures supported by optical transport networks to interconnect radio access and core networks. Currently, these infrastructures operate in accordance with the software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) paradigm, relying on complex northbound and southbound interfaces to expose their (network) capabilities and apply suitable configuration policies to B5G infrastructure. B5G infrastructures are expected to operate over complex heterogeneous transport network and compute domains, each having its own programming language and interfaces. To address the increased complexity of this approach, the present study relies on generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) to significantly simplify the interaction between different layers and domains through automated translation of configuration policies from one domain to another. More specifically, the developed GenAI models are used to support automated operations of B5G infrastructures by 1) translating high-level intents provided by network operators expressed in the form of natural language into autogenerated optimization code used by the orchestrator and 2) creating autoconfiguration policies for the optical transport network. The semantic accuracy and complexity of the proposed framework to generate appropriate configuration policies are experimentally tested over an optical transport network interconnecting the radio access and core networks of a B5G infrastructure.
Time domain spectral LiDAR enabled by cascaded Raman in a hydrogen-filled fiber transmitter
Authors: Martin Richard K. , Courtney Trevor L. , Adams Arielle M. , Leaird Daniel E. , Ausley Luke , Keyser Christian K.
Published: October 2024

We introduce what we believe to be novel spectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR) architectures that enable ultra-compact systems by a transition from spectral signal processing in space (gratings) to processing in time. The architectures leverage temporal dispersion and the unique spectro-temporal waveforms produced from the cascaded Raman scattering generated in the (H2) filled hollow core fiber. The characterized Raman source yields as many as six Raman orders from 1.06-1.70 μm; their unique spectro-temporal waveforms are measured. System performance simulations based on measured Raman waveforms show that high accuracy measurement of range and reflectivity are possible with proper selection of signal-to-noise ratio and detector bandwidth. Materials classification analysis based on the system performance analysis shows that near-optimal classification is feasible with time domain processing.
Simple three-stage control scheme achieving interrupt-free integrated polarization stabilization
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Ming Da , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Ken Xingze , Xu Jing , Tan Min
Published: October 2024

It is a long-outstanding challenge to achieve low-complexity interrupt-free integrated polarization stabilization of infinitely changing light. Integrated phase shifters have finite tuning range and experience abrupt switching or reset when reaching the limits of their tuning ranges during the polarization stabilization process. We propose a three-stage interrupt-free integrated polarization stabilization scheme with nested electronic-photonic loops (NEPL) and dimensionality reduction (DR) method. Based on the NEPL structure, only three Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) stages are needed to achieve interrupt-free polarization stabilization scheme. The input state is first constrained into a predetermined range using a nested loops with the first MZI stage and then processed by regular two-stage scheme. Throughout the entire operation, all phase shifters are tuned continuously without any pause, abrupt switching or reset. Furthermore, a DR method is introduced to reduce the control complexity and enhance control speed and accuracy of the regular two-stage scheme. A detailed analysis of the proposed design is provided, and its effectiveness is verified using electronic-photonic co-simulation in the Cadence platform. This scheme consists of only phase shifters, couplers and photodiodes (PDs) with simple electronic controllers, and can be implemented in various material systems and process platforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first three-stage interrupt-free polarization stabilization scheme reported in the literature.
Green pulse regenerative amplification using a Pr3+:LiYF4 crystal pumped by GaN blue laser diodes
Authors: Yada Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Yuki
Published: October 2024

Direct regenerative amplifications of green pulses (522 nm) were investigated using a Pr3+-doped LiYF4 crystal pumped by GaN blue laser diodes. Green pulses with two different temporal duration regimes, i.e. sub-picosecond (sub-ps) and sub-nanosecond (sub-ns), were prepared from the second harmonic generation of the mode-locked Yb3+-doped fiber laser at the repetition rate of 100.86 kHz and used as a seed for the comparison of the amplification processes. For the sub-ps (0.63 ps) and sub-ns (0.3-0.4 ns) seeds, the amplifications resulted in 1.25 µJ and 1.53 µJ in the pulse energies, 0.60 nm and 0.27 nm bandwidths, and the beam qualities of (M2
x 
= 2.26, M2
y 
= 1.25) and (M2
x 
= 1.47, M2
y
 = 1.23), respectively. A comparison of the B integrals confirmed that the wider bandwidth and the lower beam quality of the sub-ps seed amplification versus the sub-ns seed amplification were caused by the nonlinear effects in the sub-ps amplification.
High-sensitivity NO2 fluorescence sensor based on a QDs@Aerogels/SM composite nanofilm
Authors: Li Heng , Chen Yongxiao , Zhou Wei , Yang Guanjie , Xie Tian , Li Qiuhua , Huang Jianlin , Liu Cong , Xing Xiaobo
Published: October 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit excellent optical and chemical properties, making them advantageous for fluorescence sensing. However, gas sensor using QDs is often hampered by challenges such as gas diffusion and low concentration. This work describes the development of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) fluorescence gas sensor that utilizes a QDs@Aerogels/SM composite nanofilm containing CdTe QDs modified by reduced glutathione (GSH), silica microspheres (SMs), and silica aerogel. The SM and porous aerogels create a uniform porous structure that enhances the distribution of QDs. Compared to the pure QDs film, the QDs@Aerogels/SM composite film exhibits enhanced fluorescence intensity. The porous structure promotes the adsorption of NO2, which improves the detection sensitivity. The QDs@Aerogels/SM composite film was applied in a portable gas sensor. The sensor demonstrates a good linear response to NO2 gas in the range of 0–10 ppm, with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.096 ppm and high selectivity. The uniform distribution of aerogel and SM enhances the stability of the composite nanofilm, and the fluorescence of the films remains virtually unchanged over a period of 60 days which ensures its optimal performance over extended periods of use. The fluorescent NO2 sensor demonstrated selective and sensitive quenching upon exposure to NO2, making it ideal for environmental monitoring and further applications.
Effective mitigation of photodarkening-induced transverse mode instability in a monolithic fiber laser oscillator by 450 nm laser irradiation
Authors: Xiang Guangbiao , Chen Jinbao , Wang Xiaolin , Ye Yun , Zhang Hanwei , Zhang Jiangbin , Hua Weihong
Published: October 2024

The photodarkening (PD) and transverse mode instability (TMI) effects are two main factors limiting the power increase and long-term stability of high-power fiber lasers. A prolonged burn-in test for an all-fiber laser oscillator below the TMI threshold was carried out. We observed the PD-induced TMI effects, which manifested as a sudden decrease in the output power due to higher-order mode leakage. After several minutes of exposure to a high-power density 450 nm laser diode (LD), the output power returned to its initial state, significantly enhancing the oscillator’s stability. The 450 nm LD probably mitigates the accumulation of thermal effects by inhibiting the photodarkening effect, thus preventing the occurrence of the TMI effects and improving the stability of the oscillator’s output power. Our work provides useful guidance for the development of high-stability fiber laser oscillators.
Compensating loss via non-Hermiticity in optically trapped and bounded particles
Authors: Li Yang , Li Xiao , Ng Jack
Published: October 2024

The non-Hermiticity in the optical trapping and binding originates from their open nature. Once the non-Hermiticity is sufficiently large such that it pushes the system across the exceptional point, the non-Hermitian force will provide an effective gain to the systems. In this scenario, the trapped particles acquire additional energies as a consequence of the non-Hermitian force field, which effectively serve as a gain. Conversely, these trapped or bound particles can also dissipate energy as a result of the damping effect experienced during oscillation within optical trapping or binding. People usually employ vacuum extraction to extend the lifetime of particles’ vibrational modes. However, low-pressure environments can induce instability in the systems. Here, we propose using the “non-Hermitian gain” to compensate for damping loss and enhance the quality factor (lifetime, Q-factor) of vibrational modes. Our study also takes into account the Brownian motion in optical trapping. Nevertheless, even after taking the Brownian motion into account, the Q-factors remained high. We further unveil the physical mechanism that can enhance or diminish non-Hermitian forces, such as increasing particle radius and refractive index and utilizing propagating or standing waves
Expanded roles of community health workers beyond malaria in the Asia-Pacific: A systematic review
Authors: Jongdeepaisal Monnaphat , Khonputsa Panarasri , Sirimatayanant Massaya , Khuenpetch Worarat , Harriss Elinor , Maude Richard J.
Published: October 2024

In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), community health workers (CHWs) are a key component of malaria elimination strategies. As malaria declines, support for, and uptake of, malaria services may also subsequently decrease. Expanding their roles beyond malaria has been proposed to sustain the services. A systematic review was conducted to identify and characterize programmes with CHWs providing services in addition to those for malaria in the Asia Pacific. This review describes the expanded roles, identifies evidence of impact or success of the programmes, and explores strategies to ensure sustainability and factors for effective implementation to inform the design of malaria CHW programmes. Searches were conducted in 6 databases, for grey literature, and in bibliographies of retrieved articles. Data were extracted from 38 published articles, 12 programme reports, and 4 programme briefs and analysed using thematic coding and descriptive analysis. Twenty-nine programmes were identified with CHWs performing both malaria and non-malaria roles in the Asia Pacific. There was evidence of impact on malaria incidence in 4 of these, none on malaria mortality, and 4 on other diseases. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, multi-sectoral stakeholder collaborations, and adequate training and consistent supervision of CHWs were key to effective programme implementation. Integration of programmes into broader health services, ongoing political and funding support, and engagement with local communities were found to contribute to sustaining provision of health services by CHWs. Expanding CHW roles depends on programme management and strengthening linkages with local health systems. To sustain malaria CHW services, countries need adequate policies and financing, and sufficiently strong health systems to deliver basic health services that are adapted to the health needs of the community which means transitioning away from vertical disease programs. Further research should explore programmes that have not been captured in this review and address gaps in measuring malaria outcomes.
Abnormal spirometric patterns and respiratory symptoms in HIV patients with no recent pulmonary infection in a periurban hospital in Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Kwame , Musa Latif , Bedu-Addo Kweku
Published: October 2024

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic airway obstruction, even in patients who have achieved viral suppression from combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). Spirometry is a supplementary test that aids in diagnosing pulmonary dysfunction in people living with HIV.

Aim

To compare the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities among cART-treated HIV patients and cART-naïve HIV patients with non-HIV controls with no recent history of pulmonary infection in a peri-urban hospital in Ghana.

Methods

In a case-control design, spirometry was performed in 158 cART-treated HIV patients, 150 cART-naïve HIV patients and 156 non-HIV controls. Clinical, sociodemographic data and respiratory symptoms were collected using a structured questionnaire. Spirometric abnormalities were categorised as obstructive (OSP) or restrictive (RSP) spirometric patterns based on the Cameroonian reference equation.

Results

The prevalence of OSP was higher in the cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (13.9% vs 10.7% vs 5.1% respectively, p = 0.026), whereas that of RSP was similar among the study groups. Respiratory symptoms were common among cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (48.1% vs 40% vs 19.2% respectively, p < 0.001). The major factors associated with OSP were female gender [OR (95% CI) = 2.46 (1.09–5.13), p = 0.031], former cigarette smoking [1.92 (1.04–3.89), p < 0.001], exposure to medium-to-high levels of biomass [3.07 (1.16–8.73), p = 0.019], presence of a respiratory symptom [1.89 (1.11–5.08), p = 0.029] and unemployment [3.26 (1.19–8.95), p = 0.042]. The major determinants of RSP were age, female gender [1.74 (1.05–4.29), p = 0.041], former cigarette smoking [2.31 (1.27–6.77), p < 0.001] and medium-to-high biomass exposure [1.58 (1.06–5.37), p = 0.043].

Conclusion

In HIV patients without any recent pulmonary infection in a peri-urban area of Ghana, there was a higher prevalence of OSP among cART-treated and cART naïve HIV patients compared to the non-HIV control. However, the prevalence of RSP was similar among HIV patients and non-HIV controls.
Speaking to a metronome reduces kinematic variability in typical speakers and people who stutter
Authors: Wiltshire Charlotte E. E. , Cler Gabriel J. , Chiew Mark , Freudenberger Jana , Chesters Jennifer , Healy Máiréad P. , Hoole Philip , Watkins Kate E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Several studies indicate that people who stutter show greater variability in speech movements than people who do not stutter, even when the speech produced is perceptibly fluent. Speaking to the beat of a metronome reliably increases fluency in people who stutter, regardless of the severity of stuttering.

Objectives

Here, we aimed to test whether metronome-timed speech reduces articulatory variability.

Method

We analysed vocal tract MRI data from 24 people who stutter and 16 controls. Participants repeated sentences with and without a metronome. Midsagittal images of the vocal tract from lips to larynx were reconstructed at 33.3 frames per second. Any utterances containing dysfluencies or non-speech movements (e.g. swallowing) were excluded. For each participant, we measured the variability of movements (coefficient of variation) from the alveolar, palatal and velar regions of the vocal tract.

Results

People who stutter had more variability than control speakers when speaking without a metronome, which was then reduced to the same level as controls when speaking with the metronome. The velar region contained more variability than the alveolar and palatal regions, which were similar.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that kinematic variability during perceptibly fluent speech is increased in people who stutter compared with controls when repeating naturalistic sentences without any alteration or disruption to the speech. This extends our previous findings of greater variability in the movements of people who stutter when producing perceptibly fluent nonwords compared with controls. These results also show, that in addition to increasing fluency in people who stutter, metronome-timed speech also reduces articulatory variability to the same level as that seen in control speakers.
Neutronics design of shutdown and control systems for a Zero Power Experiments of chloride-based molten salt fast reactor
Authors: Jain Lakshay , Noori-kalkhoran Omid , Powell Lewis , Jones Andrew , Aflyatunova Daliya , Merk Bruno
Published: October 2024

Nuclear power’s role as a reliable, baseload, low-carbon source and its importance in achieving clean energy goals are being increasingly recognized with growing urgency around decarbonization of the global energy systems. However, to deliver a long-term sustainable solution, it is essential to develop innovative nuclear technologies for improving the fuel utilization and reducing the nuclear waste disposal challenge. Zero Power Reactors (ZPR) are an essential initial step for developing new nuclear technologies because they allow for testing and refinement in a safe environment before large-scale deployment. This paper discusses the design of a ZPR experiments for the development of iMAGINE, a novel chloride-based molten salt reactor technology. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the neutronic design for the shutdown and control systems of an experimental ZPR based on the iMAGINE molten salt reactor technology. The study concludes that a split-core design with a lower corner reflector as an extension of the lower annular reflector offers the most robust ZPR configuration, offering optimum operational margins and maneuverability. This design ensures safety, regulatory compliance, and sufficient control and shutdown performance for the successful development of the iMAGINE technology.
Regional trends, spatial patterns and determinants of health facility delivery among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A national population based cross-sectional study
Authors: Olubodun Tope , Ogundele Olorunfemi Akinbode , Michael Turnwait Otu , Okunlola Oluyemi Adewole , Olubodun Ayodeji Bamidele , Rahman Semiu Adebayo
Published: October 2024

Background

Globally, about 810 women die daily from pregnancy and childbirth complications, and the burden is highest in Africa. The United Nations sustainable development goal has a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) target of 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Nigeria, the largest country in Africa, has an MMR of 512 per 100,000 live births, thus there is need for intensified efforts to reduce maternal deaths in the country. Proper utilisation of maternal health services including health facilities for delivery is crucial to achieving this. This study assesses the regional trends, spatial patterns and determinants of health facility delivery among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

Methods

This is a weighted secondary analysis of the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The sample included women who had a live birth in the preceding 5 years of the NDHS 2008, 2013 and 2018. Bivariate analysis and multilevel logistic regression were carried out to assess the determinants of health facility delivery. Trends analysis was done using bar graphs and spatial analysis showed the distribution of health facility delivery by State.

Results

Forty-one percent of women delivered their last child in a health facility. The proportion of women who delivered at a health facility increased from 2008 to 2018 for all regions, with exception of the South-south region. Determinants of facility-based delivery include; ethnicity, level of education, wealth index, exposure to mass media (AOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.20–1.50), number of childbirths, number of antenatal visits (AOR 4.03; 95% CI 3.51–4.62), getting a companion to go the health facility (AOR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.98), community level poverty, community level of female education, community distance to health facility, and geographical region.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need to deploy appropriate strategies and programme to improve health facility delivery in Nigeria.
High phenotypic diversity correlated with genomic variation across the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epizootic
Authors: Kelly Moira , Cuomo Christina A. , Beukema Wouter , Carranza Salvador , Erens Jesse , Foubert Marleen , Li Zhimin , Lötters Stefan , Schulz Vanessa , Steinfartz Sebastian , Van Praet Sarah , Veith Michael , Pasmans Frank , Martel An
Published: October 2024

Recognizing the influence of pathogen diversity on infection dynamics is crucial for mitigating emerging infectious diseases. Characterising such diversity is often complex, for instance when multiple pathogen variants exist that interact differently with the environment and host. Here, we explore genotypic and phenotypic variation of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), an emerging fungal pathogen that is driving declines among an increasing number of European amphibian species. For thirteen isolates, spanning most of the known temporal and geographical Bsal range in Europe, we mapped phenotypic diversity through numerous measurements that describe varying reproductive rates in vitro across a range of temperatures. Bsal isolates are revealed to have different thermal optima and tolerances, with phenotypic variation correlating with genomic diversity. Using a mechanistic niche model of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) as an example, we illustrate how host steady-state body temperature and Bsal thermal range variation may influence pathogen growth through space and time across Europe. Our combined findings show how the identity of emergent pathogen variants may strongly influence when and which host populations are most at risk.
Swine NONO promotes IRF3-mediated antiviral immune response by Detecting PRRSV N protein
Authors: Jiang Dandan , Sui Chao , Wu Xiangju , Jiang Ping , Bai Juan , Hu Yue , Cong Xiaoyan , Li Juntong , Yoo Dongwan , Miller Laura C. , Lee Changhee , Du Yijun , Qi Jing
Published: October 2024

Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is a multi-functional nuclear protein which belongs to the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) protein family. NONO is known to regulate multiple important biological processes including host antiviral immune response. However, whether NONO can inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication is less well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that swine NONO (sNONO) inhibited PRRSV replication, via increasing expression of IFN-β, whereas NONO knockdown or knockout in PAM-KNU cells was more susceptible to PRRSV infection. As an IRF3 positive regulation factor, NONO promoted IFN-β expression by enhancing activation of IRF3. During PRRSV infection, NONO further up-regulated IRF3-mediated IFN-β expression by interacting with PRRSV N protein. Mechanistically, NONO functioned as a scaffold protein to detect PRRSV N protein and formed N-NONO-IRF3 complex in the nucleus. Interestingly, it was found that the NONO protein reversed the inhibitory effect of PRRSV N protein on type I IFN signaling pathway. Taken together, our study provides a novel mechanism for NONO to increase the IRF3-mediated IFN-β activation by interacting with the viral N protein to inhibit PRRSV infection.
Relational representation: Speaking with and not about Nature
Authors: Cano-Pecharroman Lidia , O’Donnell Erin
Published: October 2024

The transnational movement to recognise the rights of Nature continues to fuel experimentation by a growing number of jurisdictions in legal form, content, powers, and governance arrangements. In this paper, we focus on the mechanisms through which Nature is represented in various ways. There is enormous diversity in representational arrangements, but there is no clarity on precisely who should be representing Nature, or how Nature can be represented in human spaces, or even what the intent of this representation is (or should be). We describe a spectrum of representation that ranges from speaking about, to speaking for, to speaking with the natural entity. We develop a model of relational representation that shows the power of speaking with Nature to not only develop relations between the representatives and the natural entity, but also to enable a broader dialogue of knowledges with a wider pool of participants. By examining four case studies (the Mar Menor in Spain, the Río Atrato in Colombia, the Birrarung/Yarra River in Australia and Te Awa Tupua/Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand), we show how these diverse representational models are moving towards the relational end of the spectrum, and identify the challenges and opportunities of relational representation of Nature.
Mínima Moralia y la vivencia de lo tardío
Authors: Castillo Ávila Antonio
Published: October 2024

Con la intención de realizar una interpretación que haga justicia a la particularidad metodológica de Minima Moralia, este artículo plantea la necesidad de repensar la relación dialéctica entre forma y contenido en la obra de Adorno. La dilucidación del funcionamiento particular de tal relación en el interior de cada texto es considerada en estas páginas como una de las claves insoslayables para una correcta intelección de los textos adornianos. Así, por una parte, en este artículo se hace una lectura de Minima Moralia que trata de activar la crítica inmanente a la forma-sujeto moderna a través de sus formas de expresión alienadas, utilizando en gran medida la categoría de «estilo tardío». Por otra parte, esta lectura de Minima Moralia trata de ganar la visibilidad de la continuidad fundamental de unas mismas condiciones de subjetivización a lo largo de toda la modernidad capitalista, basados en la hegemonía de la ley del valor como forma general de la socialización.
Arte menor como producción de grupos, máquinas y/o agenciamientos: el sentido de una “estética” en Félix Guattari entre 1955 y 1980
Authors: Ayala-Colqui Jesús
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo problematiza el sentido de una “estética” en la obra de Félix Guattari. A diferencia de la bibliografía existente que se centra en la obra de Deleuze, en el trabajo conjunto de Deleuze y Guattari y en la tardía noción guattariana de paradigma estético, aquí proponemos alternativamente ocuparnos del período temprano del militante francés. Dado que las referencias al arte atraviesan la totalidad de sus escritos, se trata aquí de un doble movimiento: acotar las múltiples indicaciones sobre el arte (y la estética), tanto como vincular estas con el resto del universo discursivo guattariano. Nuestra pregunta de investigación es, por tanto, la siguiente: ¿qué conceptualización del arte se vislumbra para él entre 1955 y 1980? Para esto dividimos el texto en tres apartados: una introducción problematizadora, un cuerpo donde visitamos cronológicamente los textos para obtener los sentidos de una posible “estética” y un cierre a modo de conclusión.
Network Meta-Analysis of Comparing Different Dosages of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker With Proton-Pump Inhibitor in Acid-Related Disorders
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Dai Xiaosong , Zhang Xinxing
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Potassium-competitive acid blockers have emerged as a promising treatment of acid-related disorders. However, the optimal dosage for maximizing their efficacy remains unclear. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of various dosages of potassium-competitive acid blockers and proton-pump inhibitors for treating acid-related disorders.

METHODS:

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 16, 2023. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 authors. The Cochrane Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials tool (RoB 2.0) was used for bias assessment. The efficacy and safety were compared using the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

Twelve articles were included in the present meta-analysis. For gastric/duodenal ulcers, keverprazan 30 mg (K30) exhibited the highest surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) value (92.8%) for healing rate. In terms of total adverse events, lansoprazole 30 mg (L30) exhibited the lowest SUCRA value (25.3%) in the treatment of gastric/duodenal ulcers. For the healing rate in erosive esophagitis, the maximum SUCRA value of vonoprazan 40 mg (V40) was 90.7% in the first subgroup (erosive esophagitis using vonoprazan, keverprazan, and lansoprazole) and the maximum SUCRA value of T50 was 72.1% in the second subgroup (erosive esophagitis using tegoprazan, fexuprazan, and esomeprazole). For the total adverse events in erosive esophagitis, L15 exhibited the lowest SUCRA value (12.2%) in the first group and E40 exhibited the lowest SUCRA value (24.4%) in the second group.

DISCUSSION:

K30 may be the most effective dosage for increasing the healing rate of gastric/duodenal ulcers. For erosive esophagitis, V40 and T50 may be the preferred dosages.
Study on performance of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.) under different production systems
Authors: Elavarasan R  , Somasundaram E  , R. Krishnan  , Suganthy M  , Janaki P  , Parameshwari E  , Pradosh Kumar Parida  , Parasuraman P
Published: October 2024

Coimbatore is located in the western part of Tamil Nadu and nestled against the foothills of the Western Ghats. This region's cool climate and favourable terrain make it ideal for cultivating hill vegetables. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is a significant cole crop known for its high nutritional value. Excessive chemical usage in cabbage cultivation leads to residual effects on soil and produce. This study aimed to identify the best production system for cabbage cultivation in the northwestern parts of Tamil Nadu. An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2023-2024 at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and five replications. The organic farming system exhibited the highest values for plant height (21.47 cm), stalk length (8.49 cm), dry matter accumulation (71.34 g per plant), days to head formation (18.75 days), days to harvest (56.25 days), head diameter (17.70 cm), head compactness (33.91), head weight (945.35 g per plant) and cabbage yield (24.92 t ha-1), surpassing both conventional and natural farming systems. A similar pattern was observed in quality parameters, including TSS (6.54 °Brix), shelf life (12.21 days) and ascorbic acid content (44.26 mg per 100 g). This study highlights an efficient cabbage cultivation system in the Coimbatore region, leading to improved yield, soil health and quality.
A conspectus of the genus Pigea (Violaceae) in India
Authors: Parappurakkal Thazhe Arunraj  , Divya V. Nair  , Viswanathamandiram Natarajakaimal Sanjai
Published: October 2024

An updated conspectus of the genus Pigea in India is provided based on live and herbarium specimens. We recognize three species, namely P. enneasperma, P. indica and P. travancorica and exclude three species from the National Flora, namely P. vatsavayae ( Hybanthus vatsavayae), P. stellarioides ( H.stellarioides) and P. puberula ( H. puberulus). Detailed notes are provided.
Missionary Writings During the Canton Exile (1666–1671): Controversies on the Inculturation of the Catholic Church
Authors: Meynard Thierry
Published: October 2024

In the aftermath of the Calendar Case, 25 missionaries arrived in Canton in March 1666. Over the course of their five-year exile, they generated numerous reports and letters which, until now, have not been subject to systematic study. This paper delves into their writings concerning the establishment of three practical norms for the China mission: permitting Chinese Catholics to observe traditional rites honoring their ancestors and Confucius, allowing them to continue fasting under certain conditions, and instructing them to wear a Chinese hat during the liturgy. Though these norms were ratified by majority vote, they were immediately met with opposition. Although the controversy on the Chinese rites is well-documented, it is pertinent to examine these three controversies together, as they pertain to the issue of inculturation within the Catholic Church.
Coherence vortices by binary pinholes
Authors: Gautam Akanksha , Agarwal Amit K. , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Singularity in a two-point complex coherence function, known as coherence vortices, represents zero visibility with a helical phase structure. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to generate the coherence vortices of different topological charges by incoherent source transmittance with exotic structured binary pinholes. The binary pinhole structures have been realized by lithography, followed by wet etching methods. We control the transmittance from the incoherent source plane using these exotic apertures, which finally results in a coherence vortex spectrum that features multiple and pure orbital angular momentum modes. The generation of the coherence vortices is achieved within the two-point complex spatial coherence function. The spatial coherence function exhibits the helical phase profile in its phase part, and its absolute part shows a doughnut-shaped structure. A theoretical basis is developed and validated with simulation, and experimental results. The coherence vortex spectra with OAM modes superposed with opposite topological charges, known as photonic gears, are also generated with the proposed theory.
Predictors of Expressive Vocabulary Delay in Children: The Quality of Home Environment in 3-Year-Old Late Talkers and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Ma Jeeye , Choi Naya , Shin Sujin , Kim Mi Jin
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of home environment quality on children’s expressive vocabulary development by comparing the home environments of 3-year-old late talkers and typically developing children. The study used the data of 1,723 3-year-old children from the Korean Children’s Panel Study 4th wave data (2011) of the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE). Frequency analysis, t-test, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data. The Early Childhood HOME(ECHOME) was used to measure the quality of home environment and a new variable ‘overall home environment’ was created to represent the average of the six sub-domains of home environment quality. T-test results indicated significant differences in the overall home environment quality and every sub-domain between 3-year-old late talking children and typically developing children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the overall home environment quality at the age of 3 was a significant predictor distinguishing the two groups. When all six sub-domains were included as an independent variable, learning materials and diversity demonstrated significant influences. This study emphasizes the significance of home environment quality as a predictor of expressive vocabulary delay and identifies specific sub-domains that influence children's language development.
The Effects of Family Interaction and Peer Interaction in Early Childhood on Children’s Sense of Community: The Mediated Effect of Self-Esteem
Authors: Ha Ji Young , Choi Hyesun
Published: October 2024

This study examines the longitudinal effect of family and peer interactions on children’s sense of community and the mediating role of self-esteem. Data from the 6th, 9th, and 11th Panel Study on Korean Children were used, and data from 977 households were analyzed. The gender of the children was 492 boys (50.4%) and 485 girls (49.6%), and the age of the children was 62.5 months. A structural equation model was analyzed to determine the paths between variables, and bootstrapping was performed to verify the significance of the indirect effect. First, family and peer interactions in early childhood directly influenced the sense of community in elementary school. Second, family and peer interactions in early childhood had an indirect effect on the sense of community in elementary school through the child's self-esteem. This study demonstrates the role of social interaction experience as an early environmental variable and self-esteem as a personal variable to cultivate a sense of community, which is emphasized as a quality of global citizenship.
The natural course of newborns with transient congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Almagor Tal , Almashanu Shlomo , Elias-Assad Ghadir , Admoni Osnat , Ludar Hanna , London Shira , Rath Shoshana , German Alina , Shwartz Naama , Tenenbaum-Rakover Yardena
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has increased worldwide over the last decades, mainly due to the lowering of screening thresholds, resulting in the increased identification of newborns with transient CH. Several studies have reported the prevalence and the predictive parameters of transient CH, but reports on the long-term outcome are rare. This study aimed to assess the long-term course of neonates with transient CH.

Design

Neonates diagnosed with transient and permanent CH between the years 1998 and 2018 at the Pediatric Endocrine Institute of Ha’Emek Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Data were retrieved retrospectively from medical files.

Results

A total of 76 newborns (45M, 59%) with transient CH and 53 (25M, 47%) with permanent CH were included in the study. The major causes of transient CH were prematurity (29%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (30%). During retrospective follow-ups of up to 23 years, reinitiation of levothyroxine therapy was not required, apart from four patients with underlying syndromic etiologies. Neurodevelopmental impairment occurred in 16% of children with transient CH compared with 29.4% in the permanent CH group.

Conclusions

Transient CH is frequent among preterm infants but is generally limited to infancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism frequently presents as overt hypothyroidism at birth, but in most cases, the requirement for levothyroxine supplemental therapy is limited to the first years of life, suggesting that long-term follow-up of thyroid function tests may be unnecessary for non-syndromic children. The high rate of neurodevelopmental impairment in newborns with transient CH emphasizes the need for neurodevelopmental monitoring in these patients.

Significance statement

A high rate of transient CH has been identified over the past decades following the lowering of TSH screening thresholds. The long-term outcome of transient CH has been evaluated in a few studies with inconclusive results. In the current study, we assessed the long-term outcomes of transient CH for up to 23 years. We found that 29% of cases were attributed to prematurity and 30% to subclinical hypothyroidism. No morphological anomalies were identified. Only syndromic patients (three with Down syndrome and one with Coffin-Lowry syndrome) required levothyroxine supplemental therapy at the time of the study, indicating that long-term thyroid function monitoring may be unnecessary. The high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment suggests the need for close neurodevelopmental monitoring in this population.
El llamado "condicional del rumor": gramaticalmente irreal, no evidencial
Authors: Veiga Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Un peculiar uso de las formas verbales en –ría especialmente señalado en los medios de comunicación en lengua española suele ser denominado «condicional de(l) rumor» o «periodístico». Las relaciones temporales que, en este caso concreto, son expresadas por la forma simple y la compuesta corresponden a las de elementos verbales de significación funcionalmente irreal en la estructura del sistema. No obstante, en la actualidad son numerosas las defensas de que este uso verbal debe explicarse no partiendo (o no solamente partiendo) de su consideración modal, sino (también) de una noción de base explícitamente evidencial, principalmente de la transmisión de contenidos procedentes de una fuente externa. Este artículo aborda directamente el problema de la explicación gramatical de este particular uso verbal revisando una amplia serie de evidencias que confirman su reconocimiento como manifestación de un valor gramatical funcionalmente irreal y desvinculado de la implicación o no de una fuente informativa.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ИНЕРЦИОННО-УДАРНОГО РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД
Authors: КУЛИКОВА Е.Г. , ЛЕВЕНСОН С.Я. , МОРОЗОВ А.В.
Published: October 2024

Приведено краткое описание особенностей инерционно-ударного метода разрушения геоматериалов молотковым ротором. Представлены возможности его применения для бурения скважин большого диаметра при подземной разработке горных пород. Описана методика проведения и результаты лабораторных исследований влияния различных сочетаний скоростей вращения молоткового ротора и линейного перемещения относительно разрушаемой поверхности на силу электрического тока, потребляемого отдельными механизмами рабочего оборудования, а также на возникающую в ударном режиме скорость вибрации поддерживающих элементов ротора. Определены рациональные диапазоны этих скоростей, в которых процесс разрушения происходит с наименьшими затратами энергии и динамическим воздействием на конструкцию рабочего оборудования.

The article describes inertial impact fracture of geomaterials using a rotary hammer drill. The capabilities of the tool in underground large-hole drilling are discussed. The authors present the procedure and results of the lab-scale testing of influence exerted by different combinations of rotational and linear path velocities of the rotary hammer drill on the strength of current taken by working tools and on the shock vibration velocity of supporting members of the rotary hammer drill. The rational ranges of these velocities, such as the process of fracture runs at the least energy input and minimum impact on the working tools, are determined.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ БУРЕНИЯ ДЕГАЗАЦИОННЫХ СКВАЖИН В УГОЛЬНЫХ ПЛАСТАХ ВИНТОВЫМ ЗАБОЙНЫМ ДВИГАТЕЛЕМ
Authors: ЧЭН Ж. , ЧЖАН Ч. , ЦЗЭН С. , ДУАНЬ Ч. , ЧЭН Ч.
Published: October 2024

Для повышения эффективности бурения дегазационных скважин в угольных пластах рассмотрено использование винтовых забойных двигателей, обычно применяемых в нефтегазовом бурении. Выявлены преимущества бурения пластов винтовыми забойными двигателями относительно традиционного вращательного бурения. На основании экспериментальных планов Бокса - Бенкена получено распределение основных конструкционных параметров, влияющих на эффективность бурения: расход, нагнетаемое давление, усилие подачи. На угольной шахте Wangzhuang проведены полевые испытания винтового забойного двигателя с оптимальной конфигурацией параметров. В сравнении с традиционным вращательным бурением эффективность винтового бурения выше на 39.08 %, вынос бурового шлама увеличился на 48.28 %, что позволяет значительно повысить эффективность дегазационного бурения угольных пластов и уменьшить вентиляционный цикл и общие затраты на отработку пласта.

To increase the efficiency of gas extraction drilling in coal seams, screw drilling tools used in petroleum-related operations were introduced instead of common bottom-hole combination drilling tools. According to the Box-Behnken experimental design principle, the significance of three main construction factors on the drilling efficiency is: the flow rate > pump pressure > feed force. The optimized drilling parameters were used to conduct a field test in Wangzhuang coal mine of Shanxi Lu’an Group. The results showed that the drilling efficiency of screw drilling increased by 39.08% and the drilling slag discharge increased by 48.28% compared with the conventional rotary drilling technique, which significantly improved the construction efficiency of coal seam drilling and is expected to reduce the gas treatment cycle and cost of coal seams to a significant extent.
Mismatch between classroom furniture and anthropometric measures in children aged 3 to 6 years: Case study of the south-west region of Kosovo
Authors: Sejdiu Rrahim , Braha-Mazreku Samire , Sejdiu Muharrem , Idrizi Lulzim , Bajraktari Agron
Published: October 2024

Appropriate seating environments and comfort during educational activities at worktables are prerequisites for educational institutions in general. In this regard, special attention should be given to children enrolling in early childhood and kindergarten education within the pertinent institutions. Many researchers have concluded that a bad posture among children can be indicative of health problems and stagnation in the education process. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the chairs and tables are suitable ergonomically for children aged 3 to 6. Also, in the study, the dimensions of children were analyzed and calculated to design ergonomic chairs and tables for this age group. The research was carried out within early childhood and kindergarten institutions in the southwest region of the Republic of Kosovo. Measurements were taken of 210 children in public and private institutions. According to (ISO 7250-1: 2017), field measurements include 12 body parts needed to determine furniture dimensions. The study’s findings indicate a significant mismatch between anthropometric measurements and the dimensions of furniture across all the institutions examined.
A Novel Radial Basis Function Description of a Smooth Implicit Surface for Musculoskeletal Modelling
Authors: Cervenka Martin , Kohout Josef , Lipus Bogdan
Published: October 2024

As musculoskeletal illnesses continue to increase, practical computerised muscle modelling is crucial. This paper addresses this concern by proposing a mathematical model for a dynamic 3D geometrical surface representation of muscles using a Radial Basis Function (RBF) approximation technique. The objective is to obtain a smoother surface while minimising data use, contrasting it from classical polygonal (e.g. triangular) surface mesh models or volumetric (e.g. tetrahedral) mesh models. The paper uses RBF implicit surface description to describe static surface generation and dynamic surface deformations based on its spatial curvature preservation during the deformation. The novel method is tested on multiple data sets, and the experiments show promising results according to the introduced metrics.