bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Agency and Structure: Where does Rorty’s Ironist Stand?
Authors: Arab Reza
Published: April 2016

This paper intends to reread what Richard Rorty introduced as ironist in the context of one of the most contested topics in the realm of social sciences; i.e. agency and structure. Rorty maintains that ironist is the potential citizen of utopian liberal democracy. An ironist, in his words, is a person who a) has radical and continuing doubts about the final vocabulary she currently uses, b) realizes that argument phrased in her present vocabulary can neither underwrite nor dissolve possible doubts, and c) she does not think that her vocabulary is closer to reality than others. The main question of this study is where this conscious subject stands within the context of agency-structure dispute. First, relevant literature on the dichotomy is going to be examined, and then, while discussing other relevant terms in his philosophy, this paper will show how Rorty solves the agentic problem of his ironist with his introducing of the public-private distinction.
Biosurveillance De La Qualite De L’air D’un Milieu Urbain Par Des Mousses Et Des Lichens. Cas De La Ville De Tlemcen (Algerie)
Authors: Mohammed Berrayah , M’hamed Maatoug , Mohamed Azzaoui , Oumou Diallo , Alimata Sidibé , Hadjar Manaa Khadija
Published: April 2016

The evaluation of the pollution intensity, the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, by living organisms is a very effective environmental technique used for decades. The measure of the accumulation in these organisms allows meeting the direct difficulties in physical and chemical measures, often very complex and costly. By physiological and morphological characteristics, mosses and lichens are very effective to address this issue, including their capacity to accumulate contaminants in this case the trace metals such as lead. The objective of this work is to measure lead concentrations from road origin in different urban sites in Tlemcen city (Algeria) using two species of moss and lichen. The results show high concentrations of lead in the thalles for the three species, indicating high pollution by lead in this city. In order to appreciate the spatial distribution leaving this pollution and its environmental impact in urban areas, it was developed pollution maps based on the results of each species.
Caracterisation Sedimentologique Et Hydrodynamique Des Formations Sableuses Du Miocene Inferieur De La Region D’eboinda (Sud-Est De La Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Toé Bi Kizito Katel Kahou , Yao N’goran Jean-Paul , Kessé Touvalé Marcel , Digbéhi Zéli Bruno
Published: April 2016

Five hundred and five (505) cuttings samples of 51 survey (of 10 m depth maximum) drilled in Eboinda area (South-western of Côte d’Ivoire) were subject to lithological, mineralogical an granulometry studies in order to clarify the nature of sediments and factors and processes involved during their transport and deposition. The "Surfer" software helps to map the formations. The results indicate: - lithologically:, six mains facies were defined ; sandy clays with gravel, clayey sand, sands, siltyey clay, sandy clays and clay. Sandy sediments were mapped to north and clayed one in south of the study area. Most of studied sands were interpreted as river and coastal dune deposits. Many minerals were described such as sphene, zircon, tourmaline, ilmenite, hematite, apatite, limonite, sillimanite, chromite, muscovite, garnet, chlorite, rutile, goethite, quartz and feldspar. The clay fraction is composed by kaolinite, quartz, apatite, gypsum, goethite and halloysite; - hydrodynamically: the surfacecreep is the main mode of transport expressed within units III and VI. While saltation characterizes sand units IV and V. Predominance of rounded forms and sub-rounded features of quartz grains suggests a transport in aqueous zone over a long distance. In the other hand the sands of units VI and III are essentially sub-angular, suggesting a close generating source. The blunt and shiny aspect of most sands grains encountered, confirm the mode of transport in aqueous zone.
Some H2 Antihistaminics And Ppi-S Products Authorized In Albania And Their Availability For Pediatric Groups
Authors: Dosti Briseida , Malaj Ledjan
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of medicines and active ingredients for pediatric population that are authorized and marketed in Albania. For this purpose were selected two group’s medicines: H2 antihistaminics and Proton Pump Inhibitors. The availability of pediatric medicines and active ingredients was studied with the help of the database of the Albanian National Agency for Medicine and Medical Devices and SmPCs. Selected active ingredients were categorized based on their route of administration, type of pharmaceutical form, dosage, therapeutic indication, dose capability and suitability of the pharmaceutical form for use in children. From evaluation of SmPCs of selected products for the authorized age - group were found that 58 products are also authorized for use in children. Two of the active ingredients are authorized only for use in adults. The analyze of aspect if the recommended dose prescribed based on the classification of pediatric age stated give these data’s: 35 products are authorized for use children and adolescents from 3–18 years and 23 products are authorized for use in children more than 1 year old. This study shows a lack of availability of pediatric medicines for selected products and shows that pediatric medicines may not be age-appropriate; even they are authorized for such use. It was shown that few medicinal products are specifically studied in children. Therefore, are needed more efforts to increase the number of drugs authorized for the pediatric groups. Even more, it is required by pharmaceutical companies to supply data on the effects of new drugs in children.
IT Management in Policing: Main Advantages and Disadvantages of IT for Police Managers
Authors: Tosun Hamza
Published: April 2016

As a public organization, police agencies have placed various IT systems into service in order to achieve their goals. More especially, in community policing era, information technology have greatly assisted police managers to improve policing capabilities in terms of serving effectively and efficiently. In describing three dimensions of the IT Management, this paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of using IT in policing area. IT Management offers great advantages in policing for police managers. However, before initiating an IT project, police managers should consider their organizational capacity in terms of budget, personnel, and organizational structure.
Optimisation De La Production De L’ α-Amylase Par Les Microorganismes Isolés Des Ferments Traditionnels De Manioc Provenant De Trois Zones De Production De L’attiéké En Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Jean-Paul Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan , Théodore Djéni N’dédé , Célah Kakou Abodjo , Hervé Menan Eby , Marcellin Dje Koffi
Published: April 2016

This research work aimed at studying production kinetic of α-amylase by microbial strains isolated from three traditional cassava ferments; with a view of their potential use as starter cultures. The study was carried out on 42 amylolytic strains comprising 15 lactic acid bacteria species, 9 yeast, 9 Bacillus sp. And 9 moulds. Amyloytic activities were assessed in vitro in a broth. Independently of strains and their origin, results showed three α-amylase regulation kinetics. From the 3 species which constitutively secrete α-amylase, only Candida tropicalis LVX8 excretes a large amount of α-amylase (171.33 ± 3 EU/mL) in 24 hours. Among strains, which α-amylase excretion is regulated by a repression, the optimal duration for each one of them varied from 4 to 24 hours. Thus, Lactobacillus casei LABZ4 secretes within 4 hours of culture, 47.3 ± 1.41 EU/mL, whereas yeast (LVX1, LVZ19, LVY16 and LVZ1), moulds (MZ2, MZ1 and MY2) and Bacilli (BX5, BY4 and BZ15) strains excreted each during 12 to 20 hours α-amylase amounts ranging from 60 ± 3.7 and 106 ± 1.3 EU/mL. For strains with amylase production modulated by inactivation, maximal amounts of enzymes were very low and reached after only 4 hours. However, for yeasts LVX14, LVY3 and LVZ18, inactivation was observed from 16 hours, with activities higher than 100 EU/mL. Considering the diversity of production kinetics of α-amylase, the use of these isolates for a controlled fermentation of cassava dough would be optimal in co-culture.
Computing Statistical Precision of Efficiency and Productivity Change Indices: A Bootstrap Application to Ghanaian Polytechnics
Authors: Mends-Brew Edwin , Ashiagbor Albert Ayi
Published: April 2016

This study employs a bivariate smoothing bootstrap technique to obtain a statistical inference for Technical Efficiency and Malmquist Indices and their components of Polytechnics in Ghana over the period 2009-2014. The main contribution of this paper is to provide an Efficiency Analysis using a non-parametric approach with a robust estimator. This methodology is empirically being applied in the analysis of Polytechnic Education in Ghana because it affords us the opportunity to compute the statistical significance of changes in Polytechnics’ Technical Efficiency and Productivity Indices and their respective components. Results showed that averagely, Technical Efficiency fluctuated over the period; however, Polytechnic Education experienced a significant technological regress, with few Polytechnics achieving increases in productivity led by improvements in efficiency. Policy implications are derived.
Quantification Et Evolution Du Bilan De La Nappe Karstique De Saida (Nord-Ouest De l’Algerie)
Authors: Abdellah Medjber , Fatiha Berkane
Published: April 2016

The Northwest of Algeria, characterized by a semi-arid climate has seen in recent decades its surface and ground water potential decrease due to the scarcity of rainfall. Demographic pressure has increased the difficulties in the management of water resources, leading to problems of water scarcity in several areas of the country, especially in low-rainfall areas. From the hydrogeological point of view, the study area contains many karstic springs with great importance, which flows can exceed 50 l /s during flood periods. Aquifer recharge occurs primarily by rainwater.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water balance of the karst aquifer situated near the city of Saida (North-West of Algeria) and to follow its evolution on several decades. In this region, the karst groundwater is important for drinking water supply, irrigation and industrial units.This approach to assessment will be based on the water balance equation by involving precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration and groundwater flow. The total volume of the groundwater reserves obtained from the balance method represent 45 million m3. These reserves have decreased with time.
Aspects Bacteriologiques Des Infections Du Site Operatoire Au Centre Hospitalier Departemental Du Borgou A Parakou (Benin)
Authors: Adrien Hodonou Montcho , Fany Hounkponou , Alexandre Allodé Salako , Romaric Tobome Sêmêvo , Holden Fatigba Olatoundji , Bio Tamou Sambo , Dodji Mensah Emile Antoine , Félix Atakpa , Raphael Akpata , Emilie Bankolé , Yves Dadjo , Delphin Mêhinto Kouassi
Published: April 2016

Objective : Describe the bacteriological aspects of surgical site infections (SSI) at the regional hospital centre Borgou. Methods : From a descriptive, prospective study from february 2013 to july 2014, about 603 patients operated during the recrutment period(six mounths), the bacteriological data of 44 cases of SSI diagnosed according to the criteria CDC/NHSN have been analysed. Results : The frequency of SSI was 7.3% of the operated (44/603). The superficial incisional infections were 6, the deep infections were 34 and the organ infections or infections of space were 4. The sampling culture of the liquid was negative with 12 cases (27.3%) and positive with 32 cases (72.7%). Two germs were isolated in two cases. The negative Gram germs were the most isolated with 22 cases (64.7%) of Escherichia coli. The multiresistance was noted with 14 cases out of 34 (41.2%). Conclusion : The negative Gram germs were those which predominate in the infections of the operating site at the regional hospital center Borgou. The high rate of resistance to usual antibiotics must raise preventive and hard actions in order to inflect the graph of frequency and protect the antibiotics.
Volumineux Mélanome Malin De La Conjonctive Multi Récidivant À Propos d’un Cas
Authors: H. Y Abba Kaka. , M H Ali. , M Boubacar. , F Moussa. , A Amza.
Published: April 2016

Melanoma of the conjunctiva is a tumor that develops from the conjunctival melenocytes. It often reoccurs even after several surgical removals. The authors present the case of a 45 years old woman who was at first seen in our outpatient clinic with a spitz naevus of the conjunctiva of the right eye since more than 20 years ago. This naevus which was excised twice and then the eye enucleated underwent malignant transformation into a voluminous multi-recidivant malignant melanoma weighing after surgical removal 350g and measures 6x12x5cm.
Multigene Methylation Analysis And The Noninvasive Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer From Body Fluids
Authors: Raluca Dumache , Anca Tudor , Daniela Ionescu , Florin Rogobete Alexandru , Razvan Bardan
Published: April 2016

Introduction During prostatic carcinogenesis, DNA hypermethylation occurs, thus representing a promising biomarker for the early detection of this malignancy. In our study, we aim to determine the usefulness of a molecular and multigene test for prostate cancer. However, this is based on the quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) of three genes from voided urine specimens by noninvasive methods. Materials and Methods In this study, the voided urine specimens were collected from 89 patients with prostate cancer and 69 controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to bisulfite modification. Consequently, we tested the methylation status of genomic DNA of three genes, namely: GSTP1, APC, and MDR1. This was done using the quantitative methylationspecific PCR method. Therefore, the obtained results were correlated with the clinicopathologic findings. Results Promoter methylation of GSTP1 gene in voided urine samples was found in 87 out of 89 (97.8%) PCa patients and in 13 out of 62 (21 %) BPH men. In APC gene, methylated levels have been found in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) PCa patients and in 8 out of 62 (12.9%) BPH men. MDR1 gene was found to be hypermethylated in 60 out of 89 (67.4%) PCa patients and in 4 out of 62 (6.5%) BPH men. In addition, we obtained a sensitivity of 88.99% and a specificity of 85.5% for the multigene panel. The AUC in this case was 0.927. Conclusion The analysis of a multigene panel of three methylated genes in prostate cancer by qMSP, can be used to distinguish between men with malignant and benign prostatic diseases from voided urine specimens. Also, it can be used for the follow-up of those men who are presenting increased risk of prostate cancer by noninvasive methods.
Effect Of Dietary Lipid Level On Growth, Feed Utilization And Body Composition By Nile Perch Juveniles (Lates Niloticus)
Authors: Amadou Ly Mouhamadou , Tidiane Ba Cheikh
Published: April 2016

The present study was designed to determine the optimum dietary lipid of juveniles Nile perch for better growth performances. Four isonitrogenous (45 %) experimental diets were formulated to contain 9; 11; 13 and 15 g crude lipid 100 g-1 feed, and fed in triplicate groups of Nile perch (mean weight : 3.28 ± 0.04 g) reared in twelve 50 L tank for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period the group of fish fed 11 % and 9 % lipid, had a significantly higher SGR and body weight gain than the rest of experimental groups. The lowest body weight (13.28 g) was achieved by group of fish fed 15 % lipid. The FCR were significantly lower for fingerling Lates fed diet containing 11 % and 9 % lipid than the rest. The increase of the dietary lipid level in the diet affected significantly the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Body moisture content decreased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid. Body lipid increased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid. Under the experimental conditions applied, the optimum dietary lipid requirement for juvenile Lates niloticus is estimated to be 9.79 %.
Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview
Authors: Sadiku M. N. O. , Musa S.M. , Nelatury Sudarshan R.
Published: April 2016

Bridging the so-called “last mile” in communication networks has revived keen interest in free-Space Optics (FSO), also known as fiber-free or fiberless optics, which is a technology that transports data via laser technology. It is a line-of-sight technology that currently enables optical transmission up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice and video through the air at long distances (4km), allowing optical connectivity without deploying fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. It is moving closer to being a realistic alternative to laying fiber in access networks. This paper presents an introduction to FSO and the current state of its technology.
Análise da influência da variação das superfícies refletoras na disponibilidade de iluminação natural no ambiente interno na extensão de sua profundidade
Authors: Laranja Andrea Coelho , Ferreira Nathalia Simonetti , De Alvarez Cristina Engel
Published: April 2016

O estudo parte da hipótese de que a disponibilidade da luz natural no ambiente interno sofre influencias das características das superfícies refletoras internas. O objetivo é investigar o comportamento da curva isolux de um ambiente interno em função da variação de suas superfícies refletoras. A análise do ambiente em estudo é realizada por meio da construção de curvas isolux em pontos específicos do ambiente, e dos percentuais de horas em função dos intervalos das UDI (Useful Daylight Illuminance), em horários e dias do ano pré-estabelecidos. Os valores utilizados para a construção da curva isolux são gerados através das simulações do software TropLux, num ambiente de geometria retangular com abertura voltada para a orientação Norte, na cidade de Vitória (latitude 20° 19' S), utilizando céus padrões da CIE (Commission Internationale L´aclairage). Os resultados mostram que para o Céu 3, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras internas contribuem com insignificantes aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna. Para o Céu 7, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras da parede e piso contribuem para pequenos aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna no ponto 2 (1,0 m da abertura). Para o Céu 12, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras do teto, parede e piso contribuem para pequenos aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna somente nos pontos mais próximos da abertura, onde as superfícies refletoras do piso e teto tem contribuição mais relevante até o ponto 3(1,5 m da abertura), e a parede tem contribuição relevante somente no ponto 2 (1,0 m da abertura). Palavras-chave:, , , l.
Editorial
Authors: Equipe RDBCI
Published: April 2016

v. 11, n. 3 (2013)
Marketing aplicado em bibliotecas: análise de conteúdo dos artigos publicados em periódicos da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Cativelli Adriana Stefani
Published: April 2016

Analisa os artigos publicados em periódicos referentes ao marketing no âmbito das bibliotecas. Visa verificar de que forma as bibliotecas estão utilizando o marketing em suas rotinas, reúne e examina a literatura existente sobre o assunto em questão e verifica qual a ação de marketing é explorada com maior frequência pelas bibliotecas. Caracteriza a pesquisa como documental de natureza exploratória, descritiva e quali-quantitativa. Constitui o corpus de análise com artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais de Ciência da Informação, no período de 2000 a 2011. Analisa os dados usando como base a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Verifica que dentre as diversas ferramentas que o marketing oferece, a mais utilizada pelas bibliotecas é a da filosofia gerencial. Conclui que a adoção do marketing pelas bibliotecas propiciou as bibliotecas realizarem trocas com seus usuários internos e externos, prestando mais atenção nas necessidades e desejos dos mesmos, além de instigar os gestores a repensar a forma de gerir as unidades de informação.
Perfil tecnológico das bibliotecas no brasil e na europa: estudo sobre a democratização do acesso à informação e ao conhecimento em bibliotecas do brasil, espanha e alemanha
Authors: Bernardino Maria Cleide Rodrigues , Alentejo Eduardo Da Silva
Published: April 2016

A biblioteca pública é uma instituição que se fundamenta por sua forte função social, que por sua vez encontra amparo nos desdobramentos educativos, culturais, econômicos e políticos, em observância ao Manifesto da UNESCO que determina que a mesma seja um centro local de informação prontamente acessível a todos os seus usuários em qualquer suporte ou gênero, porta de acesso local ao conhecimento. Para o êxito dessa função na sociedade da informação faz-se necessário o uso e a manipulação de tecnologias digitais. Esta investigação se dá no âmbito brasileiro, espanhol e alemão, com um recorte para a utilização de mídias digitais de democratização da informação, que permitam o acesso à informação, como direito básico do cidadão na sociedade da informação. A pesquisa de cunho exploratório e delineamento quali-quantitativo utiliza-se do instrumento questionário enviado por correio eletrônico e análise do discurso para a avaliação dos dados coletados. Neste sentido, será traçado um perfil tecnológico da biblioteca pública na Europa e no Brasil a fim de delinear os encaminhamentos para a sociedade da informação.
Patent Data Visualization
Authors: Akkucuk Ulas , Artemel Mehmet Nafi
Published: April 2016

The importance given by the governments to building a sound intellectual property infrastructure is increasing in developing countries and especially in Central Asian countries. This infrastructure is continuously improved to live up to a common standard in collaboration with government agencies, educational institutions and international agencies. In this paper, the infrastructure developments that took place in the Central Asian countries is going to be elaborated and furthermore some statistical analyses will be used in order to compare the differences and similarities between the Central Asian republics within themselves and the rest of the world. Patent based statistical data reveal a broad range of information concerning the innovative capability of countries, regions and firms. The number of patents that a country obtains in different technological fields and the change in this number over the years may provide useful information regarding the growth potential of the country and the ability to follow technological advances. For this purpose, patent statistics collected by institutions like World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have been analyzed using statistical techniques. In addition to basic statistics, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) has been applied to the data sets.
The Household Food Security of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): An Applied Study on Abushock IDPs Camp, North Darfur State- Sudan
Authors: Sabbil Adam Ahmed Soliman , Sheriff Maha A. , Abdulrahman Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed
Published: April 2016

This research examined the Household food security of the internally displaced persons in Abou Shock IDPs Camp, North Darfur State – Western Sudan.  Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained from a total 140 of respondents who were selected using multi-stage, stratified sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from published materials like journals, books and other relevant materials. Data were analyzed using a set of statistical tools such as percentage and frequency tables. Additionally, the Chi-Square technique was used to test whether there is a significant difference or not with respect to be food secured or non-secured and the following socio- demographic and economic variables relating to household head: sex, marital status, family size the educational level, food relief received by household, the number of IDP household members earning money and the number of domestic animals the IDP household owned. The results achieved revealed that %47.8 of the IDP households consumed less than adequate food. Further, the IDPs household food security status in the study area was determined by food relief received by household; the family size; the household ownership of domestic animals, and the number of household members earning money. Accordingly, to increase food consumption at the IDPs households, emphasis must be placed on creating employment opportunities that will increase the number of paid workers among its members, enabling them to possess small domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and poultry either through revolving fund or direct free of charge support.
Whole – brain learning style in context to Emotional Intelligence and Cognition
Authors: Joseph Veena
Published: April 2016

English Language acquisition has to have a paradigm shift in teaching and learning and an engaging trend has to be incorporated. This transition may be acquired by employing near acquisition strategies. Applying Emotional Intelligence is without a doubt, complicated in terms of creating and planning the period of time required for exposure to the target language. Once it is maintained, the acquisition environment may offer individuals a more realistic atmosphere to use the target language in real like manner. The cognitive and emotive learning style is based upon whole brain thinking and learning. This pedagogical method is mapped out in Hermant’s whole – brain learning approach (1995). The greater the variety of learning strategic occur the more “intelligently” people are able to use both hemispheres of the brain to obtain optimal results during a learning course. This whole brain learning approach involves not only the whole brain but also by implication, the whole body of the learner. Hannaford (1995:87) goes further by indicating that learners build skills (and learn) as they use the muscles of their bodies, establishing neuromuscular route, as well as ties with cognitive routes, According to course (2006:233). The more we study the roles of cerebellum the more we realize that movement and learning are inescapably linked. The objective during this study is to use a creative programme to become the Centrifugal force from where the outcome, namely emotional intelligence can be energized.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of the Simpliciti Canal-Sparing Shoulder Arthroplasty System
Authors: Churchill R. Sean , Chuinard Christopher , Wiater J. Michael , Friedman Richard , Freehill Michael , Jacobson Scott , Spencer Edwin , Holloway G. Brian , Wittstein Jocelyn , Lassiter Tally , Smith Matthew , Blaine Theodore , Nicholson Gregory P.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Stemmed humeral components have been used since the 1950s; canal-sparing (also known as stemless) humeral components became commercially available in Europe in 2004. The Simpliciti total shoulder system (Wright Medical, formerly Tornier) is a press-fit, porous-coated, canal-sparing humeral implant that relies on metaphyseal fixation only. This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study was performed to evaluate the two-year clinical and radiographic results of the Simpliciti prosthesis in the U.S.

Methods:

One hundred and fifty-seven patients with glenohumeral arthritis were enrolled at fourteen U.S. sites between July 2011 and November 2012 in a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational Device Exemption (IDE)-approved protocol. Their range of motion, strength, pain level, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were compared between the preoperative and two-year postoperative evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed with the Student t test with 95% confidence intervals. Radiographic evaluation was performed at two weeks and one and two years postoperatively.

Results:

One hundred and forty-nine of the 157 patients were followed for a minimum of two years. The mean age and sex-adjusted Constant, SST, and ASES scores improved from 56% preoperatively to 104% at two years (p < 0.0001), from 4 points preoperatively to 11 points at two years (p < 0.0001), and from 38 points preoperatively to 92 points at two years (p < 0.0001), respectively. The mean forward elevation improved from 103° ± 27° to 147° ± 24° (p < 0.0001) and the mean external rotation, from 31° ± 20° to 56° ± 15° (p < 0.0001). The mean strength in elevation, as recorded with a dynamometer, improved from 12.5 to 15.7 lb (5.7 to 7.1 kg) (p < 0.0001), and the mean pain level, as measured with a visual analog scale, decreased from 5.9 to 0.5 (p < 0.0001). There were three postoperative complications that resulted in revision surgery: infection, glenoid component loosening, and failure of a subscapularis repair. There was no evidence of migration, subsidence, osteolysis, or loosening of the humeral components or surviving glenoid components.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrated good results at a minimum of two years following use of the Simpliciti canal-sparing humeral component. Clinical results including the range of motion and the Constant, SST, and ASES scores improved significantly, and radiographic analysis showed no signs of loosening, osteolysis, or subsidence of the humeral components or surviving glenoid components.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Competing Risk of Death When Comparing Tibial Implant Types in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Maradit Kremers Hilal , Kremers Walter K. , Sierra Rafael J. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: April 2016

Background:

In the presence of a competing risk of death, the Kaplan-Meier method is known to overestimate the probability of implant failure. To our knowledge, the magnitude of the competing risk of death in survivorship analyses in total knee arthroplasty has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the competing risk of death in different age groups during a long-term follow-up of patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

The study population comprised 22,864 primary total knee arthroplasties at a large medical center in the United States. We compared the overall revision outcomes estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the cumulative incidence function over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (range, 0.1 to 26.3 years).

Results:

The risk of death exceeded the risk of revision by a factor of 4 at twelve years following the surgical procedure. The Kaplan-Meier method overestimated the risk of revision by 3% at five years, 14% at ten years, 32% at fifteen years, and 57% at twenty years. At ten years after the surgical procedure, the risk of death exceeded the risk of revision by a factor of 15 in the all-polyethylene group and by a factor of 3.5 in the metal modular group. The Kaplan-Meier method overestimated the ten-year risk of revision by 18% in the all-polyethylene group and by 11% in the metal modular group. After accounting for the higher competing risk of death in the all-polyethylene group, the cumulative incidence of revision in the metal modular group was about 2.5 to three times higher than that in the all-polyethylene group at ten years.

Conclusions:

Although the Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence methods yielded different implant survival estimates beyond ten years (Kaplan-Meier overestimates implant failure), the size of the bias was small at earlier time points. The extent of overestimation depends on the duration of follow-up and the magnitude of the competing risk of death.

Clinical Relevance:

This study examines the clinical relevance of the competing risk of death in total knee arthroplasty.
Sacral Bone Mass Distribution Assessed by Averaged Three-Dimensional CT Models
Authors: Wagner Daniel , Kamer Lukas , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Richards R. Geoff , Noser Hansrudi , Rommens Pol M.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Fragility fractures of the sacrum are increasing in prevalence due to osteoporosis and epidemiological changes and are challenging in their treatment. They exhibit specific fracture patterns with unilateral or bilateral fractures lateral to the sacral foramina, and sometimes an additional transverse fracture leads to spinopelvic dissociation. The goal of this study was to assess sacral bone mass distribution and corresponding changes with decreased general bone mass.

Methods:

Clinical computed tomography (CT) scans of intact pelves in ninety-one individuals (mean age and standard deviation, 61.5 ± 11.3 years) were used to generate three-dimensional (3D) models of the sacrum averaging bone mass in Hounsfield units (HU). Individuals with decreased general bone mass were identified by measuring bone mass in L5 (group 1 with <100 HU; in contrast to group 2 with ≥100 HU).

Results:

In group 1, a large zone of negative Hounsfield units was located in the paraforaminal lateral region from S1 to S3. Along the trans-sacral corridors, a Hounsfield unit peak was observed laterally, corresponding to cortical bone of the auricular surface. The lowest Hounsfield unit values were found in the paraforaminal lateral region in the sacral ala. An intermediate level of bone mass was observed in the area of the vertebral bodies, which also demonstrated the largest difference between groups 1 and 2. Overall, the Hounsfield units were lower at S2 than S1.

Conclusions:

The models of averaged bone mass in the sacrum revealed a distinct 3D distribution pattern.

Clinical Relevance:

The negative values in the paraforaminal lateral region may explain the specific fracture patterns in fragility fractures of the sacrum involving the lateral areas of the sacrum. Transverse fractures located between S1 and S2 leading to spinopelvic dissociation may occur because of decreased bone mass in S2. The largest difference between the studied groups was found in the vertebral bodies and might support the use of transsacral or cement-augmented implants.
Patellar Resurfacing
Authors: Etchebehere Mauricio , Lin Patrick P. , Bird Justin E. , Satcher Robert L. , Moon Bryan S. , Yu Jun , Li Liang , Lewis Valerae O.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Patellar resurfacing after routine arthroplasty remains controversial. Few studies have specifically examined the effect of patellar resurfacing on outcomes after resection of the distal part of the femur and reconstruction with a megaprosthesis. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of megaprosthesis reconstructions of the distal part of the femur with and without patellar resurfacing after resection of a distal femoral tumor.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with a femoral tumor who underwent resection of the distal part of the femur and endoprosthetic reconstruction between 1993 and 2013. We excluded patients who had had extra-articular knee resection, patellectomy, revision, reconstruction with an expandable prosthesis, or a proximal tibial replacement associated with the distal femoral replacement. We compared demographic characteristics, surgical variables, anterior knee pain, range of motion, extensor lag, Insall-Salvati ratio, Insall-Salvati patellar tendon insertion ratio, impingement, patellar degenerative disease, additional patellar procedures, complications, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score between the patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups.

Results:

One hundred and eight patients—sixty without patellar resurfacing and forty-eight with patellar resurfacing—were included in the study. The mean age was 33.9 years (range, twelve to seventy-five years). There were fifty-four men and fifty-four women. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 0.7 to twenty years). There was no significant difference in anterior knee pain between the groups (p = 0.51). Anterior knee pain did not significantly affect the range of motion, extensor lag, or reoperation or complication rate. Patellar degenerative disease occurred in 48% of the nonresurfaced knees but was not associated with focal pain. Complication rates were similar in the two groups, although peripatellar calcifications were significantly more common in the resurfacing group (19% versus 2%; p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the mean MSTS score between the nonresurfacing (81%) and resurfacing (71%) groups (p = 0.34).

Conclusions:

There were no differences in anterior knee pain, range of motion, extensor lag, or MSTS score between the patients with and those without patellar resurfacing. There were no cases of patellar component loosening or revision. In light of the similar outcomes in the two groups, the decision to resurface should be left up to the individual surgeon, who should take into account preoperative peripatellar pain and the status of the patella at the time of resection.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Social and Cultural Barriers: Understanding Musculoskeletal Health Literacy*
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Uhl Richard L. , Rankin E. Anthony , Mulligan Michael T.
Published: April 2016

Abstract: The Institute of Medicine considers limited health literacy a “silent epidemic,” as approximately half of Americans lack the competencies necessary for making informed decisions regarding their health. Limited health literacy substantially impedes the effective dissemination and comprehension of relevant health information, and also complicates communication, compromises care, and leads to worse patient outcomes. Poor health, early death, and worse control of chronic conditions have also been associated with limited health literacy. Unfortunately, physicians often struggle to identify those with limited health literacy, which can have adverse effects on the physician-patient relationship. In this article, we discuss the meaning of health literacy, the risk factors for and consequences of limited health literacy, orthopaedic-specific implications and investigations, and the strategies orthopaedic surgeons can utilize to improve health literacy and communication.
Plant uptake of diclofenac in a mesocosm-scale free water surface constructed wetland by Cyperus alternifolius
Authors: Zhai Jun , Rahaman Md. Hasibur , Ji Jiucui , Luo Zhiyoung , Wang Quanfeng , Xiao Haiwen , Wang Kunping
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to assess the uptake of diclofenac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical, by a macrophyte Cyperus alternifolius in a mesocosm-scale free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. Quantitative analysis of diclofenac concentrations in water solution and plant tissues was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography analysis after sample pre-treatment with solid-phase extraction and liquid extraction, respectively. The FWS with Cyperus alternifolius obtained a maximum 69.3% diclofenac removal efficiency, while a control system without plant only had a removal efficiency of 2.7% at the end of the experiment period of 70 days. Based on mass balance study of the experimental system, it was estimated that plant uptake and in-plant conversion of diclofenac contributed about 21.4% of the total diclofenac removal in the mesocosm while the remaining 78.6% diclofenac was eliminated through biotic and abiotic conversion of diclofenac in the water phase. Diclofenac on the root surface and in roots, stems and leaves of Cyperus alternifolius was found at the concentrations of 0.15–2.59 μg/g, 0.21–2.66 μg/g, 0.06–0.53 μg/g, and 0.005–0.02 μg/g of fresh weight of plant tissues, respectively. The maximum bioaccumulation factor of diclofenac was calculated in roots (21.04) followed by root surface (20.49), stems (4.19), and leaves (0.16), respectively. Diclofenac translocation potentiality from root to stem was found below 0.5, suggesting a slow and passive translocation process of diclofenac. Current study demonstrated high potential of Cyperus alternifolius for phytoremediation of diclofenac in FWS and can be applied in other engineered ecosystems.
The use of reactive material for limiting P-leaching from green roof substrate
Authors: Bus Agnieszka , Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Baryła Anna
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study is to assess the influence of drainage layer made of reactive material Polonite® on the water retention and P-PO4 concentration in runoff. A column experiment was performed for extensive substrate underlined by 2 cm of Polonite® layer (SP) and the same substrate without supporting layer as a reference (S). The leakage phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.082 mg P-PO4·L−1, with average value 0.025 P-PO4·L−1 of S experiment and 0.000–0.004 P-PO4·L−1 and 0.001 P-PO4·L−1 of SP experiment, respectively. The 2 cm layer of Polonite® was efficient in reducing P outflow from green roof substrate by 96%. The average effluent volumes from S and SP experiments amounted 61.1 mL (5.8–543.3 mL) and 46.4 mL (3.3–473.3 mL) with the average irrigation rate of 175.5 mL (6.3–758.0 mL). The substrate retention ability of S and SP experiments was 65% and 74%, respectively. Provided with reactive materials, green roof layers implemented in urban areas for rain water retention and delaying runoff also work for protection of water quality.
An Overview on Bacteriophages: A Natural Nanostructured Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Rastogi Vaibhav , Pragya  , Verma Navneet , Mishra Arun Kumar , Nath Gopal , Gaur Praveen Kumar , Verma Anurag
Published: April 2016

Background: Recent advances in the field of bionanomedicine not only enable us to produce
biomaterials but also to manipulate them at molecular level. Viruses particularly bacteriophages
are a promising nanomaterial that can be functionalized with great precision. Bacteriophages are the
natural antimicrobial agents that fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria which cause infections in
animals, humans, or in crops of agricultural value. The idea of utilizing bacteriophages as therapeutic
agents is due to their ability to kill bacteria at the end of the infectious cycle.

Objective: This paper reviewed the general biology of bacteriophages and the presence of receptors
on the bacteria which are necessary for the recognition and adsorption of bacteriophages. Pharmacokinetics
and therapeutic potential of bacteriophages administered through various routes in treating
diverse bacterial infections is also reviewed along with the problems associated with bacteriophage
therapy.

Conclusion: Among various routes of administration, parenteral route is found to be the most thriving
route for the treatment of systemic infections whereas oral route is meant to treat gastrointestinal infections
and; local delivery (skin, nasal, ears) of phages has proven its potency to treat topical infections.
Estimation of heritability and genetic advance for various metric traits in seven F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Saleem Babar , Khan Abdus , Shahzad Muhammad , Ijaz Fahid
Published: April 2016

Heritability estimates provide information about the traits that are
transmitted from parents to their offsprings and it has a crucial role in
selection criteria to improve grain yield. The purpose of the present study
was to compute heritability and genetic advance of seven F2 populations
derived through cross combinations of five parental varieties/lines of bread
wheat Iqbal-2000, Lasani- 2008, 9444, 9432 and 9436. Data were recorded for
seven metric traits: plant height, days to heading, flag leaf area, peduncle
length, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike and grain yield
per plant. The estimates of heritability were low to high for all the traits
studied except for kernel weight per spike which had a moderate to high value
of heritability. Results depict that all the mentioned traits can be enhanced
easily due to high values of heritability and phenotypic variations. The
cross combinations 9436 ? Iqbal-2000 and 9436 ? Lasani-2008 had high
heritability for most of the traits. Therefore, selection could be practiced
among wheat crosses with special emphasis on crosses, namely 9436 ?
Iqbal-2000, to improve grain yield per plant.
Capacity building needs of poultry farmers for quail production in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olorunfemi Oluwasogo , Oladipo Felix , Bolarin O. , Akangbe Jones , Bello Oladele
Published: April 2016

This paper investigated the capacity building needs of poultry farmers for
quail production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to elicit
information from 80 randomly sampled poultry farmers from the Poultry
Association of Nigeria, Kwara State Chapter. The findings revealed that the
majority (70.0%) of the poultry farmers were male with a mean age of 44
years, married (75.0%) and formally educated (98.75%). The poultry farmers
were mostly (78.75%) small-scale producers rearing less than or equal to 500
birds on their farms. Capacity building was highly needed for quail husbandry
and management practices, feeding and nutrition, housing and equipment,
processing and marketing of products, among others. Seven challenges were
identified by the poultry farmers as severe challenges militating against the
diversification of their poultry enterprise to include quail production.
Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between the poultry
farmers? capacity building needs for quail production and their age (X2 =
5.545), educational level (X2 = 11.859) and years of farming experience (X2 =
9.604). It was recommended that extension agencies should package a robust
training programme for poultry farmers on the areas of capacity deficiencies
indicated for quail production.
Positive psychology and its contribution to the development of positive victimology
Authors: Vasiljevic-Prodanovic Danica
Published: April 2016

The development of positive psychology, a new direction in psychology, marked
the beginning of a positive movement in the social sciences, having an impact
on the development of criminology and victimology thought. This article
presents basic principles of positive psychology, the study of positive
emotions, positive character and institutions that make this possible.
Additionally, the aim is to analyse the contribution of positive psychology
to positive victimology. The author is of the opinion that the positive
psychology approach may contribute to positive victimology in shifting the
focus from weaknesses and risks to positive elements that promote recovery
and post-traumatic growth of the victim.
Persons with cancer diagnosis as victims/survivors: Patterns of victimization, empowering support and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Nikolic-Ristanovic Vesna
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with the analyses of primary and secondary victimisation
patterns to which cancer diagnosed persons are exposed, as well as an
analyses of their needs and the adequacy of the support they receive from
persons from their close surrounding, from professionals as well as from
state institutions and nongovernmental organizations. The main aim of the
paper is to examine applicability of basic victimological concepts such as
the notion of victim-survivor, victimization, victim needs, agency v.
passivity, self help, social support, posttraumatic disorder/ growth, to the
experiences of persons with cancer diagnosis. Consequently the experiences of
persons with cancer diagnosis are compared with the experiences of crime
victims. On the basis of this analyses, recommendations regarding the
possible exchange of experiences and unification of knowledge about crime
victims? and cancer diagnosed persons? needs, as the basis for the
improvement of existing and the development of new mechanisms of support and
(self) help beneficial for both groups are presented.