bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservative treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy with the combination of methotrexate and mifepristone: A systematic review
Authors: Stabile Guglielmo , Vona Laura , Carlucci Stefania , Zullo Francesco , Laganà Antonio Simone , Etrusco Andrea , Restaino Stefano , Nappi Luigi
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) has become more frequent as a direct consequence of the increased number of cesarean deliveries and the advances in imaging. Although some cases are characterized by spontaneous resolution, unrecognized or mishandled CSP has the potential to cause both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. However, due to its infrequency, there is no agreement on the best management.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, the risks and effectiveness of medical therapy with methotrexate and mifepristone to better understand its role in CSP therapy.

Design:

This study is a systematic review.

Data Sources and Methods:

The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and Scopus were comprehensively searched until December 2023. Medical Subject Headings terms (Cesarean scar pregnancy) AND (Methotrexate) AND (Mifepristone) AND (Medical Therapy) were used to identify the relevant records. Due to the rarity of this pathology, the studies included are all case reports or case series. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for case reports.

Results:

We included in our review a total of seven cases reported in five manuscripts at the end of the screening process. Our review suggests that this type of combination treatment can be considered. The success rate is 71.4%. Treatment seems to be most effective when beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) is below 5,000 mUi/ml and when the gestational sac is less than 20 mm. The absence of fetal heartbeat seems to be a positive prognostic factor for a positive outcome.

Conclusion:

Methotrexate and mifepristone administration can be considered as an alternative first-line effective treatment, especially in case of pregnancy with B-hCG <5,000 mUi/ml and when the gestational sac is less than 20 mm. It is important to individualize the management and treatment according to the clinical condition, the patient’s age, number of previous cesarean deliveries, willingness to have other children, and the physicians’ experience.
Does a closer coach-athlete bond buffer or exacerbate the detrimental effects of controlling coaching on athletes’ coping and outcomes?
Authors: Lefever Elisa , Flamant Nele , Morbée Sofie , Soenens Bart , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Ntoumanis Nikos , Bartholomew Kimberley , De Cocker Katrien , Haerens Leen
Published: October 2024

Some coaches are convinced that controlling practices will not harm their athletes if they simultaneously are warm and caring. This study, grounded in Self-Determination Theory and Skinner's coping framework, explored these convictions among 179 volleyball players (67.6% female; age = 21.12 ± 4.66 years). Participants assessed perceived controlling and relatedness-supportive coaching styles, their coping strategies, self-reported performance, engagement, competitive anxiety, and burnout. Results showed that controlling coaching related to reduced performance, and more competitive anxiety and burnout. Controlling coaching associated indirectly with these athletes’ outcomes through compulsive compliance. Finally, when coaches were perceived to display moderate or high levels of relatedness-support, controlling coaching related to worse performance, and more competitive anxiety. These results suggest that a closer coach-athlete bond may exacerbate the detrimental impact of controlling coaching, as athletes feel internally pressured to obey the coach's demands without internally accepting these commands.
Canonizing online activism: Memetic iconography in the North Atlantic Fella Organization
Authors: Kasianenko Kateryna , Boichak Olga
Published: October 2024

Memes are iconic digital artefacts that acquire meaning through their production and circulation among the digitally mediated publics. This visual essay presents an iconographic exploration of the North Atlantic Fella Organization (NAFO) – a vernacular online collective engaged in ridiculing Russian disinformation and rallying support for Ukraine’s defence and recovery efforts. We approach memes as a visual interface between the user and various subgroups within and outside the community. Drawing on a combination of autoethnographic, visual semiotic and computational methods, we demonstrate how memes perform three key functions within the online community: representing the self, maintaining social relations within the group and articulating the group’s values and commitment to its members and the broader public. In doing so, they can be understood as an extension of social and cultural practices surrounding religious iconography. Going beyond short-lived or self-centred engagement, memes constitute a rich yet flexible medium to mobilize social media users in significant international crises such as wars.
Optimizing the safety and efficacy of the awake venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS
Authors: Sklienka Peter , Burša Filip , Frelich Michal , Máca Jan , Vodička Vojtech , Straková Hana , Bílená Markéta , Romanová Tereza , Tomášková Hana
Published: October 2024

Background:

Maintaining the patient awake and not intubated during the venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) reduces the risk of ventilation-induced lung injury in patients with ARDS. Currently, there is a lack of data on outcomes and complications associated with the awake ECMO approach.

Objectives:

To evaluate outcomes and the occurrence of complications of awake ECMO approach guided by local safety protocol comprising ultrasound-guided cannulation, argatroban-based anticoagulation, respiratory support, and routine sedation targeted to reduce respiratory effort and keeping nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:1.

Design:

A single-center retrospective case series analysis.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (CARDS) treated by full awake VV ECMO approach from April 2019 to December 2023 were eligible.

Results:

Our center treated 10 patients (mean age 54.7 ± 11.6 years) with CARDS with an awake ECMO approach. The reasons for awake ECMO included the presence of barotrauma in six patients, a team consensus to prefer awake ECMO instead of mechanical ventilation in three patients, and the patient’s refusal to be intubated in one case. Before ECMO, patients were severely hypoxemic, with a mean value of Horowitz index of 48.9 ± 9.1 mmHg and a mean respiratory rate of 28.8 ± 7.3 breaths per minute on high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive ventilation support. The mean duration of awake VV ECMO was 558.0 ± 173.6 h. Seven patients (70%) were successfully disconnected from ECMO and fully recovered. Intubation from respiratory causes was needed in three patients (30%), all of whom died eventually. In total, three episodes of delirium, two episodes of significant bleeding, one pneumothorax requiring chest tube insertion, and one oxygenator acute exchange occurred throughout the 5580 h of awake ECMO. No complications related to cannula displacement or malposition occurred.

Conclusion:

The awake ECMO strategy guided by safety protocol appears to be a safe approach in conscious, severely hypoxemic, non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.
Advances in the identification and management of progressive pulmonary fibrosis: perspective from Chinese experts
Authors: Huang Hui , Wang Qian , Xu Zuojun
Published: October 2024

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (FILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can develop into progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) despite initial management. A substantial proportion of patients with non-IPF interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) progress to PPF, including connective tissue disease-associated ILD (such as rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD, systemic sclerosis-associated ILD, and idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated ILD), fibrosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and fibrosing occupational ILD. The concept of PPF emerged only recently and several studies have confirmed the impact of PPF on mortality. In addition to poor prognosis among patients with PPF, there remains a lack of consensus in the diagnosis and treatment of PPF across different types of ILDs. There is a need to raise awareness of PPF in FILDs and to explore measures to improve PPF diagnosis and treatment, which in turn could potentially reduce the progression from FILD to PPF. This review discusses the disease burden of PPF and recent advances in the management of PPF among patients with ILDs, including antifibrotic medications that have emerged as promising treatment options. Additionally, this review highlights the perspectives of expert Chinese physicians with regard to their experience in managing PPF in clinical practice.
Beyond lines of treatment: embracing early high-efficacy disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis management
Authors: Oreja-Guevara Celia , Martínez-Yélamos Sergio , Eichau Sara , Llaneza Miguel Ángel , Martín-Martínez Jesús , Peña-Martínez Joaquín , Meca-Lallana Virginia , Alonso-Torres Ana María , Moral-Torres Ester , Río Jordi , Calles Carmen , Ares-Luque Adrián , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís , Marzo-Sola María Eugenia , Prieto José María , Martínez-Ginés María Luisa , Arroyo Rafael , Otano-Martínez María Ángeles , Brieva-Ruiz Luis , Gómez-Gutiérrez Montserrat , Rodríguez-Antigüedad Alfredo , Galán Sánchez-Seco Victoria , Costa-Frossard Lucienne , Hernández-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Landete-Pascual Lamberto , González-Platas Montserrat , Meca-Lallana José E.
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in multiple sclerosis (MS) management have shifted perspectives on treatment strategies, advocating for the early initiation of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (heDMTs). This perspective review discusses the rationale, benefits, and challenges associated with early heDMT initiation, reflecting on the obsolescence of the traditional “first-line” and “second-line” treatment classifications. The article emerges from the last update of the consensus document of the Spanish Society of Neurology on the treatment of MS. During its development, there was a recognized need to further discuss the concept of treatment lines and the early use of heDMTs. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and real-world studies suggests that early heDMT initiation leads to improved clinical outcomes, including reduced relapse rates, slowed disease progression, and decreased radiological activity, especially in younger patients or those in early disease stages. Despite the historical belief that heDMTs involve more risks and adverse events compared to moderate-efficacy DMTs (meDMTs), some studies have reported comparable safety profiles between early heDMTs and meDMTs, though long-term safety data are still lacking. The review also addresses the need for a personalized approach based on patient characteristics, prognostic factors, and preferences, explores the importance of therapeutic inertia, and highlights the evolving landscape of international and national guidelines that increasingly advocate for early intensive treatment approaches. The article also addresses the challenges of ensuring access to these therapies and the importance of further research to establish long-term safety and effectiveness of DMTs in MS.
Infections in psoriatic arthritis: association with treatment
Authors: Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Thomas Konstantinos , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Serious infections (SIs) remain one of the most significant comorbidities in patients with inflammatory arthritides including psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Apart from methotrexate (MTX) and biologics such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFi), interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23i), and IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i), traditionally used for the treatment of PsA, recently biologics such as IL-23i and targeted synthetic agents like JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have been introduced in the daily clinical practice for the treatment of this disease. Although overall the incidence of SIs in patients with PsA treated with these agents is lower compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, still a number of unresolved issues regarding their safety remain. Current evidence is reassuring regarding the safety profile of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, such as MTX. The increased risk for reactivation of latent infections, such as tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the use of TNFi, is well described; nevertheless, it is significantly ameliorated with the appropriate screening and prophylaxis. Regarding IL-12/23i and IL-17i, there are no significant safety signals, except from an increased incidence of usually mild Candida infections with the latter class. Newer biologics such as IL-23i and targeted synthetic agents like JAKi have been recently introduced in the daily clinical practice for the treatment of this disease. While IL-23i has not been shown to increase the risk for common or opportunistic infections, a well-established association of JAKi with herpes zoster warrants the attention of rheumatologists. In this narrative review, we summarize the infectious complications of available treatment options by drug class in patients with PsA.
Assessing the Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Routine Clinical Care of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Kim Hugh Andrew Jinwook , Lee Daniel J. , Shin Dongho , Horton Garret , Gignac Monique , Lee John M. , Chan Yvonne
Published: October 2024

Importance

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses with significant quality of life impairments. There is a need to implement outcome-based metrics to evaluate the outcomes of CRS treatment with endoscopic sinus surgery or biologics.

Objective

We aimed to understand Canadian otolaryngologists’ opinions on patient-related outcome measures (PROM) for CRS and identify potential barriers to implementation.

Design

Qualitative research.

Setting and Participants

A cross-sectional survey was distributed via the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and direct emailing.

Measures

Participants’ demographics, practice information, and opinions on PROM were collected.

Results

Of 346 (23%) Canadian otolaryngologists, 78 responded to the survey (26 rhinology fellowship–trained, 51 non-fellowship-trained, and 1 missing data). Thirty-eight responded that they collect PROM (69% with fellowship-trained, 39% non-fellowship-trained, P = .029). Regarding opinions on PROM, 74% of respondents agreed that it helps patients report their symptoms, 42% agreed that it improves the efficiency of the patient encounter, 54% agreed that it is easy for patients to understand, 62% agreed that it improves management and monitoring of clinical outcomes, and 71% disagreed that PROM is not helpful. Fellowship-trained otolaryngologists were 4 times more likely to agree that PROM improves management and monitoring of clinical outcomes ( P = .014), and no other differences in opinions were significant. The most-frequently-identified barriers to PROM usage were lack of time for 67% of respondents, difficulty integrating into clinical workflow for 64%, and lack of integration into the electronic medical record for 47%. If these barriers were addressed, 86% of respondents said they would use PROM in their practice.

Conclusions and Relevance

Despite the low uptake of PROM among otolaryngologists without rhinology fellowship, opinions were generally favorable. We identified barriers that, if addressed, may increase their use in clinical practice. As resource-limited therapies such as biologics become more prevalent in CRS management, PROM may find more applications in shared clinical decision making.
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Epinephrine in Otoendoscopic Surgery on Surgical Field Clarity: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study
Authors: Shu Wenying , Jin Tingting , Shi Jinya , Li Jingjie , Wang Zhaoyan
Published: October 2024

Importance

At present, there is no consensus on the concentration of epinephrine/physiological saline for subcutaneous injection into external auditory canal (EAC) under general anesthesia in otoendoscopic surgery. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) research is needed to provide reference, as this concentration can provide satisfactory surgical field clarity while maintaining patients’ hemodynamic stability.

Objective

Comparison of the effect of subcutaneous injection of different concentrations of epinephrine/physiological saline into EAC under general anesthesia in otoendoscopic surgery on surgical field clarity and hemodynamics.

Design

This double-blind, RCT study was about the effect of topical epinephrine injection in otoendoscopic surgery.

Setting

This study was conducted at a single institution.

Participants

This study included 168 patients conformed to the inclusion criteria.

Intervention

Patients were randomized to receive different concentrations of epinephrine/physiological saline injection (1:5000, 1:10,000, 1:20,000, or 1:40,000) into the junction of bone and cartilage at posterior wall of EAC during surgery.

Main Outcome Measures

Surgical field clarity was assessed with surgical field clarity grading scale and tympanic membrane flap flipping time. Hemodynamic changes were monitored by clinical parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, and ST segment of ECG.

Results

There were no statistically-significant differences in surgical field clarity grade ( P = .577) and tympanic membrane flap flipping time ( P = .490) among 4 concentration groups. Epinephrine injection did cause an increase in hemodynamic parameters when compared with baseline ( P < .05). Compared with the relatively-lower concentration groups (1:20,000 and 1:40,000), the relatively-higher concentration groups (1:5000 and 1:10,000) had more significant and long-lasting effect until 30 minutes after injection.

Conclusions and relevance

Four concentration groups of topical epinephrine injection in otoendoscopic surgery have the same effect on surgical field clarity. For the stability of patients’ hemodynamics, we would prefer to recommend the use of concentrations with minimal impact on hemodynamics, ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:40,000.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry-China: ChiCTRI1800016647.
Not All Protests are Created Equal to be News: Does Mobile Digital Connectivity Level the Playing Field in the Hybrid Media System?
Authors: Wong Frankie Ho Chun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how digital connectivity may influence news coverage of protests globally. Scholars argue that the arrival of the digital age did not overthrow legacy media but built a hybrid media system where old and new media logics work together. Although some recent studies highlighted that mobile internet access enabled protestors to gain media attention internationally, evidence also suggests that regimes were increasingly capable of controlling media environments to shape news coverage of conflicts. It remains unclear if connectivity allows citizens to bypass limitations in free speech to increase protest visibility on a global scale. Leveraging the latest global coverage of the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project data and data from other well-established projects, this study consolidated a dataset of 162 countries between 2018 and 2021 on connectivity, protests, and media attention. Multilevel negative binomial regressions results showed that new and old media logics both explained media attention on protests. Higher mobile ownership and broader network coverage in a country predicted more media attention, but not social media penetration. Larger and richer countries, and protests that were more violent and fatal also received more coverage. Nevertheless, the effects of connectivity were constrained by the level of freedom of expression in a country. Country-level interactions showed lower freedom of expression and significantly attenuated the effect of connectivity on media attention. This study demonstrated the dynamics in the hybrid media system. While connectivity enabled more protest information to flow, states could have found methods to curb it from getting viral, thus living with it at a manageable level.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: targeting epigenetic regulation in the treatment of acute leukemia
Authors: Xiao Tong , Chen Zhigang , Xie Yutong , Yang Chao , Wu Junhong , Gao Lei
Published: October 2024

Acute leukemia (AL) is a rare yet perilous malignancy. Currently, the primary treatment for AL involves combination chemotherapy as the cornerstone of comprehensive measures, alongside hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a radical approach. However, despite these interventions, mortality rates remain high, particularly among refractory/recurrent patients or elderly individuals with a poor prognosis. Acetylation, a form of epigenetic regulation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for treating AL. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of acetylation regulation as a novel treatment pathway. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) play a pivotal role in modulating the differentiation and development of tumor cells through diverse pathways, simultaneously impacting the maturation and function of lymphocytes. HDACis demonstrate promise in enhancing survival rates and achieving a complete response in both acute myeloid leukemia and acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in HDACi therapy for AL, shedding light on its potential implications for clinical practice.
Magnitude of postpartum morbidity and associated factors in southeast Ethiopia, 2022: A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Hussein Hasen Feisal , Alemu Solomon Seyife , Eshetu Derese , Mohammed Bedria , Nebi Eden , Israel Hana , Geneti Yomilan , Wedajo Lema Fikadu , Gebretsadik Woiynshet
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is estimated to be 205 per 100,000 live births, with postpartum morbidities expected to surpass maternal mortality substantially. Beside this, there is a lack of information on postpartum morbidities in the study area. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of postpartum morbidities and associated factors in Bale Robe Town, southeast Ethiopia.

Method:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among 371 from 1 April to 30 May 2022 among postpartum women attending postnatal care service in the Bale-Robe Town public health facilities. A face-to-face interviewer administered a structured questionnaire, and the participants were selected through a systematic random sampling technique. A bivariate analysis was performed to see the association between each independent variable and dependent variable, and variables with p-values less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were retrieved for multivariable analyses. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated a 95% confidence interval as the level of statistical significance.

Result:

A total of 366 participants were involved in the study, giving us a response rate of 98.6%. The magnitude of postpartum morbidities among mothers was found to be 102 (27.9%), with a confidence interval of 95% CI: 23.3, 32.8. Women who hadn’t had antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.50), instrumental delivery (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.26), unskilled birth attendant (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.06, 10.63), rural residence (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.89), and current pregnancy-related morbidity or abnormality (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.00, 7.25) were significantly associated factors.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that the occurrence of postpartum morbidity in Bale Robe is a great health concern. Therefore, we recommend health professionals and health extension workers strengthen early detection and management of intrapartum abnormalities, give attention during instrumental deliveries, and strengthen skilled birth attendants.
Prevalence and determinants of scabies among schoolchildren in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Girma Abayeneh , Abdu Indiris , Teshome Kasaye
Published: October 2024

Background:

Scabies is one of the major neglected tropical diseases among children in deprived communities. Studies conducted among schoolchildren in Africa are limited and inconsistent. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate the pooled magnitude and predictors of scabies in African schoolchildren.

Methods:

The pooled prevalence estimate with 95% confidence intervals was performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using the funnel plot, Begg’s, and Egger’s tests.

Results:

A total of 28,482 subjects from 19 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of scabies among African schoolchildren was 10.81% (2459/28482) with (95% CI: 7.10–14.51). Factors such as being male (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.72–3.01), children who have a history of sharing clothes with their family (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 0.62–2.91), having illiterate parents (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.51–1.41), having history of contact with skin itching cases/scabies (aOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.70–5.03), infrequent cloth wash (aOR = 5.30; 95% CI: 1.26–9.34), sharing common sleeping beds/fomites (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 0.04–4.22), family member with itchy signs/scabies (aOR = 5.83; 95% CI: 1.45–10.21), and not taking a bath with water and soap (aOR = 8.51; 95% CI: −4.14 to 21.15) were factors associated significantly with scabies.

PROSPERO registration:

CRD42024542762.

Conclusion:

In the present scenario, scabies ranges from 2.0% to 17.80% and is higher in Cameroon. Therefore, policymakers and health planners should put a great deal of emphasis on the implementation of relevant prevention and control measures.
Association between oral health conditions and the risk of major noncommunicable diseases: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Promruck Natchanon , Ruengorn Chidchanok , Thavorn Kednapa , Bandhaya Panwadee , Nochaiwong Surapon
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Although epidemiological studies suggest that oral health conditions may be associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, the findings have yet to be comprehensively synthesized, particularly for a major noncommunicable diseases-related health and economic burden. Therefore, we will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available observational studies investigating the association between oral health conditions and subsequent risk of major noncommunicable diseases.

Methods:

With limited English publications, we will search electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL. Based on the temporal properties and natural course of disease progression, we will seek cohort or case–control studies that investigate the association between oral disease conditions and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Regarding the World Health Organization agenda, oral health conditions will include dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, edentulism, other oral conditions (i.e., oro-dental trauma, cleft lip and palate, and noma), and endodontic lesions. Based on the global disease burden, primary outcomes of interest will include the four major systemic noncommunicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random-effects meta-analysis will be used to estimate pooled effects estimate and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical heterogeneity will be investigated using the I2 index and τ2 statistics. Preplanned subgroup and sensitivity analyses and random-effects meta-regression analyses will be performed to address possible heterogeneity and establish the robustness of the meta-analytic estimates. The prediction intervals, expected ( E)-value, and evidence certainty will be appraised to synthesize the findings and draw evidence-based conclusions.

Conclusion:

This systematic review will summarize all available evidence regarding the association between oral health conditions and the risk of major noncommunicable diseases. The findings will encourage collaboration between oral health and primary care professionals for early detection and management of noncommunicable diseases and promote oral health well-being.

Systematic review registration:

PROSPERO: CRD42021274184.
Evaluating the comprehension and accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to diabetes-related questions in Urdu compared to English
Authors: Faisal Seyreen , Kamran Tafiya Erum , Khalid Rimsha , Haider Zaira , Siddiqui Yusra , Saeed Nadia , Imran Sunaina , Faisal Romaan , Jabeen Misbah
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patients with diabetes require healthcare and information that are accurate and extensive. Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT herald the capacity to provide such exhaustive data. To determine (a) the comprehensiveness of ChatGPT's responses in Urdu to diabetes-related questions and (b) the accuracy of ChatGPT's Urdu responses when compared to its English responses.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Two reviewers experienced in internal medicine and endocrinology graded 53 Urdu and English responses on diabetes knowledge, lifestyle, and prevention. A senior reviewer resolved discrepancies. Responses were assessed for comprehension and accuracy, then compared to English.

Results

Among the Urdu responses generated, only two of 53 (3.8%) questions were graded as comprehensive, and five of 53 (9.4%) were graded as correct but inadequate. We found that 25 of 53 (47.2%) questions were graded as mixed with correct and incorrect/outdated data, the most significant proportion of responses being graded as such. When considering the comparison of response scale grading the comparative accuracy of Urdu and English responses, no Urdu response (0.0%) was considered to have more accuracy than English. Most of the Urdu responses were found to have an accuracy less than that of English, an overwhelming majority of 49 of 53 (92.5%) responses.

Conclusion

We found that although the ability to retrieve such information about diabetes is impressive, it can merely be used as an adjunct instead of a solitary source of information. Further work must be done to optimize Urdu responses in medical contexts to approximate the boundless potential it heralds.
Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Yudha Andi Ny , Chuemchit Montakarn
Published: October 2024

Violence has been widely acknowledged as a severe infringement of human rights and a global public health concern, with profound implications for individuals’ well-being and socioeconomic status. Scholars have illustrated that growing up amid societal violence significantly affects adolescents’ social, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development. This research aimed to explore the prevalence of community violence and its correlated factors among adolescents in Makassar, Indonesia, utilizing a standardized questionnaire. The study took a cross-sectional approach and was conducted in Makassar, Indonesia. Three out of 15 districts were purposively selected. Researchers recruited 345 adolescents aged 15 to 19 through multi-stage sampling methods. Their encounters with community violence were evaluated through self-reports, assessing their perceptions of aggressive behavior, problematic behaviors, and exposure to community violence, encompassing self-victimization, witnessing violence, and hearing about it. The majority of the participants were female (57.9%), with an average age of 16 years. 17% of participants had a history of drug abuse. The findings disclosed that 62% of participants had encountered direct victimization, while 56.2% and 51.9% had observed and heard about violence in their community, respectively. Associations were identified amongst their grade level, living arrangements, maternal education and occupation, perceptions of problematic behavior, pro-social fantasies, and a history of drug abuse in relation to exposure to community violence. The study provided valuable insights into measuring exposure to community violence and its associated factors. Based on these findings, the research suggested preventive measures and intervention recommendations, and emphasizing adolescent- survivor-centered approaches.
The Impact of “Learning Organizations” on Innovation: The Mediating Role of “Employee Resilience” and Work Engagement
Authors: Mohammad Sami , Sağsan Mustafa , Şeşen Harun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the characteristics that may affect an organization’s capacity for innovation. We explored the effects of learning organizations on creativity through employee resilience and work engagement, utilizing a standardized questionnaire administered to 430 Jordanian bank workers. The data were analyzed using WarpPLS, employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (version 8.0). Our findings reveal a significant and positive influence of “learning organization” on innovation, “work engagement,” and worker resilience. Furthermore, employee resilience and job engagement significantly and positively impact innovation. Additionally, employee resilience and workplace engagement significantly mediate the relationship between learning organizations and innovation. This study’s theoretical implications highlight how organizational learning theory can be used to enhance organizational creativity. A complete strategy that considers both organizational strategies and human aspects is necessary to promote innovation.
A Bibliometric and Visualized Study of the Knowledge Domain of Language Disorder Research
Authors: Hu Minyan , Fan Lin , Wang Zhuangzhuang
Published: October 2024

Language disorder (LD), as a public health concern, has received increasing attention from researchers. This study provides an overview of the knowledge domain of LD research and unveils the thematic patterns and emerging trends. A total of 8,649 articles on LD from 2003 to 2022 were collected from WoS and CiteSpace was employed for data analysis. The study focuses on temporal and geographic distribution, top journals, categories, authors, and co-citation analyses of references. The findings indicate that: (1) LD is of most concern in the fields of linguistics, rehabilitation, audiology and speech-language pathology, psychology, and neuroscience; (2) there is a dominance of the USA and England in LD publications; (3) the main thematic patterns include identification of language problems, neurogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic markers, cognitive mechanisms, auditory processing, and motor speech disorder; (4) the emerging trends include criteria and terminology for language problems, cognitive mechanisms, neurobiological factors, diagnostic markers, the population design, and longitudinal design. Future trends suggest a continued interdisciplinary approach into potential origins of LD, integrating new theoretical insights from linguistics, psychology, neuroscience and genetics, and this integration is enhanced by the application of digital technologies and artificial intelligence for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This scientometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of LD research, underscoring the need for more intense collaboration and further investigations in the field of LD.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of ChatGPT in High Education: An Integrated Model With PLS-SEM and fsQCA Approach
Authors: Zhao Yipeng , Li Yan , Xiao Yuyao , Chang Haodong , Liu Bo
Published: October 2024

The swift incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education has significantly propelled the digital transformation of education. This advancement is crucial for educators aiming to augment teaching quality through AI technologies, such as ChatGPT. However, the acceptance of ChatGPT among college students remains underexplored. This paper aims to clarify the determinants influencing college students’ acceptance of ChatGPT and to facilitate its widespread adoption in higher education. To achieve this, we integrate the Technology Readiness Index (TRI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to develop a novel research framework. Employing a mixed-method approach that includes PLS-SEM and fsQCA, we analyze data from 298 Chinese college students. Our findings indicate that discomfort and insecurity adversely affect Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) in the context of ChatGPT adoption. Additionally, both PEU and PU positively impact attitudes, which, in conjunction with Subjective Norms (SN) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), bolster the intention to accept ChatGPT. Insights from fsQCA reveal that the acceptance of ChatGPT among students is not driven by a singular factor but by an amalgamation of these elements, underscoring the complex nature of technology adoption. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for educators and designers to refine curriculum design and teaching methodologies, boost student engagement and learning efficacy, and promote the broader adoption of educational technology.
Barriers to the Adoption of Sharing-Based Accommodations: The Role of Personal Innovativeness and Compatibility
Authors: Long Nguyen Thanh , Luu Danh Xuan , Trung Nguyen Quoc , Hien Nguyen Ngoc
Published: October 2024

Sharing-based accommodations services are experiencing rapid global growth, driven by their inherent advantages. Nevertheless, alongside the benefits, these services are also accompanied by costs and potential risks. Intriguingly, the factors impeding or restricting consumer adoption of sharing-based accommodations have not been comprehensively investigated thus far. This study utilized innovation resistance theory (IRT) to investigate the influence of various barriers on the intention to use sharing-based lodgings services. Additionally, this study extended IRT by examining the impact of personal characteristics (innovativeness and compatibility) on consumers’ perceived resistance and intention to use sharing-based accommodations services. A quota sample included 493 individuals who were aware of sharing-based accommodations services and had traveled within the past 6 months. Path analysis utilizing structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The study’s findings demonstrated that several barriers have a detrimental impact on individuals’ intentions to engage in sharing-based accommodation, except for image barriers and usage barriers. In addition, consumers’ innovativeness and compatibility characteristics negatively impact barriers and positively impact intention to use sharing-based accommodations. Based on these findings, sharing-based accommodations providers, individuals or businesses providing accommodations, and localities providing tourism services can design more effective strategies to attract users.
Exploring Relationships Between Nature-Based Destination Attractiveness, Satisfaction, Perceived COVID-19 Risk, and Revisit Intention in Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam
Authors: An Le Thanh , Hung Pham Xuan , Dung Truong Quang , Dinh Nguyen Cong , Kien Nguyen Duc , Tri Tran Minh , Quy Le Anh , Phan Nguyen Thai , Dung Vu Thi Thuy
Published: October 2024

National parks are increasingly recognized as attractive nature-based tourism destinations, playing an important role in tourism development in Vietnam. The study investigates the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists’ satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists’ perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destination in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19.
The Hope and Goals of Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Holbrook Nicole M. , Feldman David B. , Budescu Mia , Cheang Choi Ieng
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationship between goal characteristics and hope in emerging adults experiencing homelessness. Employing Hope Theory as a framework, we surveyed 100 emerging adults experiencing homelessness, ages 18–29 ( M = 21.95), asking them to nominate three goals they were currently pursuing, rate those goals on personal importance, and complete measures of dispositional and goal-specific hope. Goals were coded for domains and characteristics. Goals most commonly fell into the domains of basic needs (64%), career (56%), and academics (27%). Multilevel modeling shows that one coded goal characteristic—difficulty—was associated with goal-specific hope. Additionally, self-rated goal importance was associated with greater goal-specific hope. Consistent with Hope Theory, individuals with higher dispositional hope had more goal-specific hope. These results contrast with research in college students, finding both that different goal domains predominated and different characteristics were associated with hope. This suggests that context matters when characterizing individuals’ goals and hope.
Improvement of corrosion resistance and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coating on AZ31 alloy by an anodizing intermediate layer
Authors: Thi Ngo Anh Tuyet , Do Chi Linh , Hong Pham Hanh , Pham San Thy , Duong Luong Van
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The primary objective of this study is using an anodizing intermediate layer to improve corrosion resistance and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 alloy for applications in biodegradable implants.

Methods:

An anodizing intermediate layer was formed on the surface of AZ31 substrate at various anodizing voltage of 10, 20, 30, and 40 V respectively by anodizing process. HAp was grow on the surface of AZ31 substrate at 90°C and pH solution of 7.5 by chemical solution treatment method for 2 h. The coated samples were evaluated their corrosion behavior by Electrochemical measurements and biodegradation behavior by immersion test in Hank’s balanced salts solution (HBSS) for 28 days via amount of Mg2+ ion released. While, their adhesion strength were evaluated by pull-off method. The amount of Mg2+ ions released of the samples was quantified by the Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results:

An anodizing intermediate layer was successfully synthesized at various voltages by anodizing process and HAp coatings were prepared by chemical solution treatment method. The corrosion rate of hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 alloy with an anodizing intermediate layer decreased 4.4 times, while adhesion strength increased about two times compared to the HAp coated AZ31 specimen without an anodizing layer and achieved ~14.70, ~6.92 MPa, respectively. After immersion test in HBSS, the adhesion strength of HAp/AZ31-HBSS-specimen decrease to 45% because of large corroded areas with depth holes of hundreds of micrometers. The slighter decrease in adhesion strength of HAp/30V/AZ31-HBSS-specimen to 22% is due to the contribution of the anodizing intermediate layer.

Conclusion:

HAp coated AZ31 alloy specimen with the existence of a porous structure with an elliptical shape, uniform and high density of MgO on the surface at anodizing voltage of 30 V resulted in a significant increase in corrosion resistance and the adhesion strength of HAp coatings.
Comparison of Intraosseous Temperature Rise in Different Surgical Guide Systems: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Uçkun Gözde Gökçe , Saygılı Sina , Sülün Tonguç , Çankaya Abdulkadir Burak
Published: October 2024

Aim:

This study proposes to investigate the influence of various surgical guide designs on the generation temperature in the cortical and cancellous regions of the osteotomy site. The working hypothesis was that open guides are more efficacious in controlling excessive heat generation in cortical and cancellous areas.

Materials and Methods:

Implant osteotomy was performed on specimens simulating D3 bone density using surgical guides produced with three different designs: an open guide, a guide with an external cooling channel, and a closed guide. Temperature increases occurring in the cortical layer from a depth of 2 mm and in the cancellous layer from a depth of 10 mm were measured with type K thermocouples.

Results:

Temperature averages recorded from a depth of 2 mm during osteotomy show statistically significant differences between groups ( p = .003). The temperature rise in the group using a closed surgical guide was significantly higher than in the groups using an open surgical guide and a surgical guide with an external cooling channel on the cortical layer, while the temperature increase did not show any significant difference in both cortical and cancellous layers between the open guide and guide with external cooling channel. Temperature averages recorded from a depth of 10 mm do not show statistically significant differences between groups ( p = .054).

Conclusion:

Using open surgical guides or surgical guides with external cooling channels among the guided surgical systems is a more reliable way to keep the thermal increase under control.
Social Engineering of Natural Capital and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change: An Empirical Enquiry of Coastal Agriculture in Kerala, India
Authors: Thomson K. T. , Radhika K.
Published: October 2024

Reclamation of coastal wetlands for industrialisation, increasing soil salinisation, lack of timely mitigation measures and maladaptation have contributed cumulatively to the decline of coastal ecosystems and agriculture in Kerala. However, access to natural capital is still crucial for coastal farming communities, especially during times of crisis like climate change. This article makes an attempt to characterise how natural capital influences the adaptive capacity of coastal farmers in Kerala state, India. To analyse how natural capital influences the adaptive capacity to climate change, we examined how an individual farmer’s adaptive capacity changed from a given level as selected determinants of natural capital varied by using a multinominal logistic regression method. The results indicated that the nature of ownership, area under cultivation, decision-making capacity and productivity of land continue to influence farmers’ adaptive capacity to climate change. Farmers with ancestral property who purchased additional land possessed higher adaptive capacity. Farmers having large holdings could implement their adaptive choices better. Farmers having the freedom for decision-making enjoyed higher adaptive capacity. Farmers participating in collective farming achieved higher productivity and adaptive capacity. Social engineering of local adaptive capacities, therefore, should recognise freedom of choice and promote restoration and sales of wetlands to accelerate climate change mitigation and adaptation.