bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolamento de linhagens bacterianas degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos BTEX proveniente do setor petroquímico
Authors: Padilha Tielly de Mattos , Sampaio Jamilla , Longoni Letícia , Beneduzi Anelise
Published: November 2017

O petróleo e seus derivados são responsáveis por impactos ambientais significativos e a fração dos hidrocarbonetos aromáticos BTEX é amplamente utilizada, mesmo sendo considerada altamente tóxica. Sabendo que áreas com histórico de contaminação de hidrocarbonetos possuem microrganismos capazes de sobreviver ao contaminante e que a biodegradação pode ser utilizada para minimizar ou remover estes poluentes do ambiente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e identificar linhagens bacterianas degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos do tipo BTEX, provenientes de um solo com histórico de vinte e dois anos de contaminação do setor petroquímico em Triunfo/RS. Para isso foram coletadas amostras de solo em células de landfarming, com histórico de disposição de compostos derivados do petróleo e estas foram preparadas em três concentrações de BTEX (0,5%; 1%; 1,5%) como única fonte de carbono. Foram obtidos 122 isolados e estes foram testados quanto à sua capacidade de biodegradação de 5%, 10% e 20% do contaminante, sendo selecionados onze isolados promissores (linhagens 8, 10, 15, 17, 23, 24, 62, 64, 99, 126 e 128), destacando-se a linhagem 62 (Pseudomonas sp.) que cresceu em 20% de BTEX. Através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA foi possível identificar principalmente isolados dos gêneros Bacillus (linhagens 8, 10, 15, 17 e 23), Pseudomonas (linhagens 24,62, 64, 99 e 128) e um isolado de Paenibacillus jamilae (linhagem 126).O petróleo e seus derivados são responsáveis por impactos ambientais significativos e a fração dos hidrocarbonetos aromáticos BTEX é amplamente utilizada, mesmo sendo considerada altamente tóxica. Sabendo que áreas com histórico de contaminação de hidrocarbonetos possuem microrganismos capazes de sobreviver ao contaminante e que a biodegradação pode ser utilizada para minimizar ou remover estes poluentes do ambiente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e identificar linhagens bacterianas degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos do tipo BTEX, provenientes de um solo com histórico de vinte e dois anos de contaminação do setor petroquímico em Triunfo/RS. Para isso foram coletadas amostras de solo em células de landfarming, com histórico de disposição de compostos derivados do petróleo e estas foram preparadas em três concentrações de BTEX (0,5%; 1%; 1,5%) como única fonte de carbono. Foram obtidos 122 isolados e estes foram testados quanto à sua capacidade de biodegradação de 5%, 10% e 20% do contaminante, sendo selecionados onze isolados promissores (linhagens 8, 10, 15, 17, 23, 24, 62, 64, 99, 126 e 128), destacando-se a linhagem 62 (Pseudomonas sp.) que cresceu em 20% de BTEX. Através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA foi possível identificar principalmente isolados dos gêneros Bacillus (linhagens 8, 10, 15, 17 e 23), Pseudomonas (linhagens 24,62, 64, 99 e 128) e um isolado de Paenibacillus jamilae (linhagem 126).<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Na
Thermal Inactivation of Soybean Bioactive Proteins
Authors: Žilić Slađana , Bozović Irina , Hadži-Tašković Šukalović Vesna
Published: November 2017

Inactivation of trypsin inhibitor, lipoxygenase 1, and urease during the processes of dry extrusion, wet extrusion, micronisation, microwave roasting and autoclaving were studied. Cultivars Bosa, ZPS 015, Goyou Kurakake and L93-7290 were used in the experiment. Depending on a technological procedure of processing, kernels were exposed to temperatures from 57 to 150 oC for different time: from 25-30 sec in the process of dry and wet extrusion, to 30 min in autoclaving. The process of dry extrusion had the greatest influence on reduction of the trypsin inhibitor content and inactivation of urease and lipoxygenase 1. During the dry extrusion at 100 oC trypsin inhibitor declined by 74.2 % and the residual activity of a lipoxygenase 1 and urease was only 0.76 i.e. 0.55 %, respectively. Lipoxygenase 1 was the most heat labile enzyme, followed by urease and than trypsin inhibitor.
Social Status, Conspicuous Consumption Levies, and Distortionary Taxation
Authors: Hwang Sanghyun , Nagac Kadir
Published: November 2017

This paper explores the optimal tax structure in the presence of status effect. When the consumption of certain goods affects one’s social status, this creates an externality, which results in two opposite effects in a society. Seeking higher status through “positional goods” gives individuals much incentive to supply labor but still allocates income for less “nonpositional goods” as well. In this case, differentiated taxes on positional goods work as corrective instruments to internalize the social cost stemming from status seeking. Furthermore, the differentiated taxes generate revenue that can be used to alleviate preexisting income tax distortion. We develop a game-theoretic model in which each individual with different labor productivity unknown to the others engages in a status-seeking game, where government has a revenue requirement. Then we show that under a condition in which utility is separable between positional goods and leisure, a revenue-neutral shift in the tax mix away from nonlinear income taxes toward positional-good taxes enhances welfare. Hence, the differentiated taxes on positional goods are necessary together with the nonlinear income taxes for an optimal tax structure. Moreover, the differentiated taxes on positional goods could reduce the progressivity of the nonlinear income taxes, which is the case that can easily apply to practical use.
Social mobilization for safe transition from adolescence: a qualitative research in Iran
Authors: Azh Nezal , Nahidi Fatemeh , Ozgoli Giti , Ardalan Gelayol
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Until now, the services provided to Iranian youth have been prepared based on authorities’ perspectives and according to the resources and reports from other countries and international agencies. Using youth perspectives to provide health, however, helps in continuing the process of providing health services, and most young people will receive these services.

Objective

To explain perception of youth and key individuals to improve health programs for safe transition in Iran.

Methodology

This study is a qualitative research with a grounded theory approach. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and group discussions. Participants were first selected by purposive sampling and then by theoretical sampling. Overall, 67 adolescents aged 14–18 years, eight youths aged 19–24 years, 12 parents and important persons involved in providing health services joined the study. Young participants and their parents were selected from different training areas of Tehran and the key individuals were from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Education Department. Collecting samples were continued to saturation. The Strauss and Corbin (2008) method was used for data analysis.

Result

In this study, the phenomenon of adolescents’ confusion to manage puberty emerged. This process, with appropriate strategies, such as the mobilization of available resources in the community and comprehensive programming to provide health services by policymakers, could have provided youth empowerment as an impact to self-care.

Conclusion

Current services provided by health centers cannot guarantee the health of adolescents, but it does require proper planning and management in families, schools and societies.
Spatio-temporal variation of throughfall in a hyrcanian plain forest stand in Northern Iran
Authors: Yousefi Saleh , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Mirzaee Somayeh , Ploeg Martine van der , Keesstra Saskia , Cerdà Artemi
Published: November 2017

Elucidating segregation of precipitation in different components in forest stands is important for proper forest ecosystems management. However, there is a lack of information on important rainfall components viz. throughfall, interception and stemflow in forest watersheds particularly in developing countries. We therefore investigated the spatiotemporal variation of important component of throughfall for a forest stand in a Hyrcanian plain forest in Noor City, northern Iran. The study area contained five species of Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Populus caspica and Parrotia persica. The research was conducted from July 2013 to July 2014 using a systematic sampling method. Ninetysix throughfall collectors were installed in a 3.5 m × 3.5 m grid cells. The canopy covers during the growing/leaf-on (i.e., from May to November) and non-growing/leaf-off (i.e., from December to March) seasons were approximately 41% and 81%, respectively. The mean cumulative throughfall during the study period was 623±31 mm. The average throughfall (TF) as % of rainfall (TFPR) during leaf-on and leaf-off periods were calculated 56±14% and 77±10%, respectively. TF was significantly (R2 = 0.97, p = 0.00006) correlated with gross precipitation. Percent of canopy cover was not correlated with TF except when gross precipitation was <30 mm. A comparison between leaf-off and leaf-on conditions indicated a significantly higher TFPR and corresponding hotspots during leaf-on period. TFPR also differed between seasons with a maximum amount in winter (82%). The results of the study can be effectively used by forest watershed managers for better perception of hydrological behavior of the Hyrcanian forest in the north of Iran under different silvicultural circumstances leading to getting better ecosystem services.
The significance of soil moisture in forecasting characteristics of flood events. A statistical analysis in two nested catchments
Authors: Chifflard Peter , Kranl Julius , Strassen Georg zur , Zepp Harald
Published: November 2017

We examine the feasibility and added value of upscaling point data of soil moisture from a small- to a mesoscale catchment for the purpose of single-event flood prediction. We test the hypothesis that in a given catchment, the present soil moisture status is a key factor governing peak discharge, flow volume and flood duration. Multiple regression analyses of rainfall, pre-event discharge, single point soil moisture profiles from representative locations and peak discharge, discharge duration, discharge volume are discussed. The soil moisture profiles are selected along a convergent slope connected to the groundwater in flood plain within the small-scale catchment Husten (2.6 km²), which is a headwater catchment of the larger Hüppcherhammer catchment (47.2 km², Germany). Results show that the number of explanatory variables in the regression models is higher in summer (up to 8 variables) than in winter (up to 3 variables) and higher in the meso-scale catchment than in the small-scale catchment (up to 2 variables). Soil moisture data from selected key locations in the small catchment improves the quality of regression models established for the meso-scale catchment. For the different target variables peak discharge, discharge duration and discharge volume the adding of the soil moisture from the flood plain and the lower slope as explanatory variable improves the quality of the regression model by 15%, 20% and 10%, respectively, especially during the summer season. In the winter season the improvement is smaller (up to 6%) and the regression models mainly include rainfall characteristics as explanatory variables. The appearance of the soil moisture variables in the stepwise regression indicates their varying importance, depending on which characteristics of the discharge are focused on. Thus, we conclude that point data for soil moisture in functional landscape elements describe the catchments’ initial conditions very well and may yield valuable information for flood prediction and warning systems.
A combined CFD-experimental method for abrasive erosion testing of concrete
Authors: Messa Gianandrea Vittorio , De Lima Branco Renan , Filho José Gilberto Dalfré , Malavasi Stefano
Published: November 2017

Serious damage may occur to concrete hydraulic structures, such as water galleries, spillways, and stilling basins, due to the abrasive erosion caused by the presence of solid particles in the flow. This underlines the importance of being capable in providing characterization of the concrete from the point of view of its vulnerability to abrasive erosion, in order to improve the design of the structure and the material selection. Nevertheless, the existing apparatus for concrete abrasive erosion testing are either far from allowing realistic simulation of the actual environment in which this phenomenon occurs, or show a large degree of complexity and cost. An alternative method has been developed with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was first employed to verify the effectiveness of a new laboratory equipment. Afterwards, a parameter has been introduced which, by successful comparison against preliminary experiments, proved suitable to quantify the effect of the fluid dynamic conditions on the concrete abrasive erosion, thereby opening the way to CFD-based customization of the apparatus. In the future, the synergy of numerical and physical modelling will allow developing predictive models for concrete erosion, making it possible to reliably simulate real structures.
Law and Innovation Policies: An Analysis of the Mismatch between Innovation Public Policies and Their Results in Brazil
Authors: Silva Lucas do Monte , Guimarães Patricia Borba Vilar
Published: November 2017

This study aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, the public policies of science, technology and innovation offered by the Brazilian government, more specifically, the Brazilian Innovation Act (Lei de Inovação), in order to verify the reasons behind the mismatch between innovation efforts and its results in the economy. We seek to answer, preliminarily, the following questions: (a) What is innovation? (b) Should the state act in the innovation process? (c) What is the relationship between law and innovation policies? (d) Why is there a mismatch between what innovation efforts propose and what we can see in reality? Given these considerations, it becomes possible to answer the central issue of this study: Why is there a mismatch between what the Innovation Act proposes and what we can see as results? The issue was analyzed based on the premise that innovation nowadays is essential to society’s development and economy. We concluded that Brazil presents advances in this sector and most of the public policies managed to have efficacy for entrepreneurs, but institutional changes in the process of receiving these incentives and in its supervision are also necessary, such as a better articulation and coordination between entities responsible for its implementation and a better evaluation of public policies, improving them, so that companies may have the same competitivity of foreign companies. Although Brazil’s innovation rates are declining, the use of instruments of state support for innovation is being increasingly adopted, showing that even in adverse situations, they can be seen as advances.
Grid Study on the Basis of Allocated Power Loss Calculation
Authors: Survilo J.
Published: November 2017

Studying the loss allocation, it is possible to determine the loss which appears in some grid section or line (allocated power loss) as a result of: 1) some power source sending its power to the consumers, 2) some power source sending its power to a certain power consumer, 3) power received by some consumer. Determining allocated power losses, it happens that some of them are negative. It turned out that this phenomenon is not rare and appears at a definite power distribution between suppliers. Negative allocated power loss shows that total power loss is increased. Computing the allocated loss, the possibility appears to define other grid quantities that characterize grid properties and operation, as well as to find out those suppliers and consumers who mainly affect the grid operation.
China’s Challenge: Expanding the Market, Limiting the State
Authors: Dorn James A.
Published: November 2017

China has made significant progress since 1978 in expanding the market, but that progress is threatened by the failure to limit the state. The critical challenge facing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its leadership is to widen the range of choices open to individuals by promoting what Milton Friedman, in his 1988 memorandum to General Secretary Zhao Ziyang, called “free private markets.” Free markets require well-defined private property rights protected by a just rule of law. China has a robust private sector and private property rights are now recognized by law, but the state sector and state ownership continue to play a strong role in directing economic life.
Cheung, Becker and Marriage
Authors: Xu Lixin Colin
Published: November 2017

Steve Cheung has been a pioneer in the research of marriage using economic approach. In this paper, I shall describe his influence on marriage research in general and on my career in particular. Since Gary Becker had exerted a parallel influence, I will also discuss his impact as well.
Functional envelope of a non-autonomous discrete system
Authors: Barzanouni Ali
Published: November 2017

Let (X, F = {fn}n =0
∞) be a non-autonomous discrete system by a compact metric space X and continuous maps fn : X → X, n = 0, 1, ....We introduce functional envelope (S(X), G = {Gn}n =0
∞), of (X, F = {fn}n =0
∞), where S(X) is the space of all continuous self maps of X and the map Gn : S(X) → S(X) is defined by Gn(ϕ) = Fn ∘ ϕ, Fn = fn ∘ fn-1 ∘ . . . ∘ f1 ∘ f0. The paper mainly deals with the connection between the properties of a system and the properties of its functional envelope.
Verification of the Indicating Measuring Instruments Taking into Account their Instrumental Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Zakharov Igor , Neyezhmakov Pavel , Botsiura Olesia
Published: November 2017

The specific features of the measuring instruments verification based on the results of their calibration are considered. It is noted that, in contrast to the verification procedure used in the legal metrology, the verification procedure for calibrated measuring instruments has to take into account the uncertainty of measurements into account. In this regard, a large number of measuring instruments, considered as those that are in compliance after verification in the legal metrology, turns out to be not in compliance after calibration. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate the probability of compliance of indicating measuring instruments. The procedure of compliance probability determination on the basis of the Monte Carlo method is considered. An example of calibration of a Vernier caliper is given.
Alternative Methods for Estimating Plane Parameters Based on a Point Cloud
Authors: Stryczek Roman
Published: November 2017

Non-contact measurement techniques carried out using triangulation optical sensors are increasingly popular in measurements with the use of industrial robots directly on production lines. The result of such measurements is often a cloud of measurement points that is characterized by considerable measuring noise, presence of a number of points that differ from the reference model, and excessive errors that must be eliminated from the analysis. To obtain vector information points contained in the cloud that describe reference models, the data obtained during a measurement should be subjected to appropriate processing operations. The present paperwork presents an analysis of suitability of methods known as RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC), Monte Carlo Method (MCM), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the extraction of the reference model. The effectiveness of the tested methods is illustrated by examples of measurement of the height of an object and the angle of a plane, which were made on the basis of experiments carried out at workshop conditions.
Reproducibility in the Field: Transparency, Version Control and Collaboration on the Project Panormos Survey
Authors: Strupler Néhémie , Wilkinson Toby C.
Published: November 2017

Archaeological fieldwork is rarely considered reproducible in the sense of the ideal scientific method because of its destructive nature. But new digital technology now offers field practitioners a set of tools that can at least increase the transparency of the data-collection process as well as bring other benefits of an Open Science approach to archaeology. This article shares our perspectives, choices and experiences of piloting a set of tools (namely: ODK, Git, GitLab CE and R) which can address reproducibility of fieldwork in the form of an intensive survey project in western Turkey, and highlights the potential consequences of Open Science approaches for archaeology as a whole.
Patterns of Rebellion: A Model with Three Heterogeneous Challengers
Authors: Nakao Keisuke
Published: November 2017

This article proposes a dynamic model of rebellion, where three players individually decide to challenge their common adversary. It is formally demonstrated that the pattern of rebellion is determined endogenously, depending on the challengers’ resolve and strength. In other words, a challenger with more resolve and/or strength tends to fight earlier than others do.
Numerical Analysis of Soil Settlement Prediction and Its Application In Large-Scale Marine Reclamation Artificial Island Project
Authors: Zhao Jie , Bao Lingyun , Wang Guixuan
Published: November 2017

In an artificial island construction project based on the large-scale marine reclamation land, the soil settlement is a key to affect the late safe operation of the whole field. To analyze the factors of the soil settlement in a marine reclamation project, the SEM method in the soil micro-structural analysis method is used to test and study six soil samples such as the representative silt, mucky silty clay, silty clay and clay in the area. The structural characteristics that affect the soil settlement are obtained by observing the SEM charts at different depths. By combining numerical calculation method of Terzaghi’s one-dimensional and Biot’s two-dimensional consolidation theory, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional creep models are established and the numerical calculation results of two consolidation theories are compared in order to predict the maximum settlement of the soils 100 years after completion. The analysis results indicate that the micro-structural characteristics are the essential factor to affect the settlement in this area. Based on numerical analysis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional settlement, the settlement law and trend obtained by two numerical analysis method is similar. The analysis of this paper can provide reference and guidance to the project related to the marine reclamation land.
Risk of the Maritime Supply Chain System Based on Interpretative Structural Model
Authors: Jiang He , Xiong Wei , Cao Yonghui
Published: November 2017

Marine transportation is the most important transport mode of in the international trade, but the maritime supply chain is facing with many risks. At present, most of the researches on the risk of the maritime supply chain focus on the risk identification and risk management, and barely carry on the quantitative analysis of the logical structure of each influencing factor. This paper uses the interpretative structure model to analysis the maritime supply chain risk system. On the basis of comprehensive literature analysis and expert opinion, this paper puts forward 16 factors of maritime supply chain risk system. Using the interpretative structure model to construct maritime supply chain risk system, and then optimize the model. The model analyzes the structure of the maritime supply chain risk system and its forming process, and provides a scientific basis for the controlling the maritime supply chain risk, and puts forward some corresponding suggestions for the prevention and control the maritime supply chain risk.
The Port Service Ecosystem Research Based on the Lotka-Volterra Model
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Liu Wei , Xu Xu , Gao Zhijun
Published: November 2017

Under the new normal of China’s economy, the competition among the port enterprises is not only the competition of the core competence of the port, the port industry chain or the port supply chain, but also the competition of the port service ecosystem. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of the port service ecosystem is discussed, a hierarchical model of the port service ecosystem is constructed. As an extended logistic model, Lotka-Volterra model is applied to study the competitive co-evolution and mutually beneficial co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem. This paper simulates the co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem by using MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that the breadth of the niche of the enterprises is changing with the change of the competition coefficient and the coefficient of mutual benefit in the port service ecosystem. Based on that, some proposals are put forward to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the port service ecosystem.
A Positioning Lockholes of Container Corner Castings Method Based on Image Recognition
Authors: Shen Yang , Mi Weijian , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: November 2017

This article proposes a method of locating and recognizing lockholes in shipping container corner castings. This method converts the original image of the containers captured by a camera into the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color space. To reduce the influence of the surface color of the containers and lights from the environment on the locating and recognizing algorithm, most noisy points of the image are filtered by binarization and a morphology opening operation to make the features of the containers clearer in the image. Thus, the container body can be separated from the total image. Then, the position and size of the corner castings are defined through calculation based on the international standard of the shipping container size. Lastly, by using this method, we can locate the corner casting in the image by using the General Hough Transform fitting algorithm onto ellipses.
Big Data Analysis and Simulation of Distributed Marine Green Energy Resources Grid-Connected System
Authors: Tian Jun , Huang Lirong
Published: November 2017

In order to improve the working stability of distributed marine green energy resources grid-connected system, we need the big data information mining and fusion processing of grid-connected system and the information integration and recognition of distributed marine green energy grid-connected system based on big data analysis method, and improve the output performance of energy grid-connected system. This paper proposed a big data analysis method of distributed marine green energy resources grid-connected system based on closed-loop information fusion and auto correlation characteristic information mining. This method realized the big data closed-loop operation and maintenance management of grid-connected system, and built the big data information collection model of marine green energy resources grid-connected system, and reconstructs the feature space of the collected big data, and constructed the characteristic equation of fuzzy data closed-loop operation and maintenance management in convex spaces, and used the adaptive feature fusion method to achieve the auto correlation characteristics mining of big data operation and maintenance information, and improved the ability of information scheduling and information mining of distributed marine green energy resources grid-connected system. Simulation results show that using this method for the big data analysis of distributed marine green energy resources grid-connected system and using the multidimensional analysis technology of big data can improve the ability of information scheduling and information mining of distributed marine green energy resources grid-connected system, realizing the information optimization scheduling of grid-connected system. The output performance of grid connected system has been improved.
Organizing Workers in “Hybrid Systems”: Comparing Trade Union Strategies in Four Countries — Austria, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands
Authors: Mundlak Guy
Published: November 2017

The freedom and right to associate carries distinct meanings in different systems of industrial relations, giving rise to distinct institutions. Where bargaining is based on grassroots association, rates of membership in trade unions and coverage of collective agreements are low. Where bargaining is actively endorsed by the state, high rates of membership are matched by considerable coverage. Over the last two decades, some countries, four of which are studied here, have gone through a process that I designate as hybridization, in which a gap emerges between a rapidly declining rate of membership and persistent relatively high level of coverage. The Article accounts for the growing gap between coverage and membership and its implications. On the basis of extensive interviews with trade union officials, organizers, works councils’ members, Labor Chamber representatives, academics and journalists in the four countries, the Article further seeks to document and explain new organizing practices at two levels. First, why do unions seek to organize, despite persistent power accorded to collective agreements by the state? Second, which strategies are used for current recruitment and organizing practices? The discussion highlights the ongoing tension that is folded in the meeting of institutions that are aimed at sustaining the centralized system of bargaining and social partnership, with the dynamics that are characteristic of raising membership levels. Some best practices that seek to address this tension are identified, but are also characterized as difficult to emulate and extend as a general practice
Real-Time Video Surveillance System for Traffic Management with Background Subtraction Using Codebook Model and Occlusion Handling
Authors: Moutakki Zakaria , Ouloul Imad Mohamed , Afdel Karim , Amghar Abdellah
Published: November 2017

The scope of this paper is a video surveillance system constituted of three principal modules, segmentation module, vehicle classification and vehicle counting. The segmentation is based on a background subtraction by using the Codebooks method. This step aims to define the regions of interest associated with vehicles. To classify vehicles in their type, our system uses the histograms of oriented gradient followed by support vector machine. Counting and tracking vehicles will be the last task to be performed. The presence of partial occlusion involves the decrease of the accuracy of vehicle segmentation and classification, which directly impacts the robustness of a video surveillance system. Therefore, a novel method to handle the partial occlusions based on vehicle classification process have developed. The results achieved have shown that the accuracy of vehicle counting and classification exceeds the accuracy measured in some existing systems.
An Overview of Constantine’s Tram Safety
Authors: Kahlouche Abdelaziz , Chaib Rachid
Published: November 2017

This paper presents an overview of the tram safety in the city of Constantine. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of railway safety of a new urban transport mode in Algeria, whose safety culture is absent in the behaviour of citizens, in the face of major risks linked to the operating of Constantine’s tram. In this context this article focuses on four parts: safety and risk management, railway risks, analysis of accidents, safety system and human factors (tram driver). This paper discusses the main issues, challenges and future directions of public transportation safety on these themes.
I Love Cinema: Black Film and Speculative Practice in the Era of Online Crowdfunding
Authors: Sheppard Samantha N.
Published: November 2017

On November 8, 2013, filmmaker Leslie Harris announced a new feature-length project on Kickstarter, the popular online crowdfunding platform for creative projects. Lauded a decade earlier for her provocative coming-of-age film Just Another Girl on the I.R.T. (1992), which took the Special Jury Prize at Sundance in 1993, this “Sundance-Miramax era” independent filmmaker had resurfaced in the “Kickstarter-YouTube era.” At the end of the fundraising period, Harris's I Love Cinema campaign had raised only $4,074 from fifty-eight potential backers, falling quite short of her $35,000 target. The failure of Harris's Kickstarter campaign to garner support provides a telling and consequential sense of how the very idea of black film circulates in the current moment of presumed breakthrough, crossover, and arrival. Her unsuccessful appeal to the masses soberly dismantles some of the logic of inclusivity that permeates the contemporary media environment, especially in what is a celebratory moment for black film and media, in which the visibility and viability of a few diverse voices do not necessarily translate into greater opportunities for either new or old faces.

What does online crowdfunding, particularly Kickstarter, signify for the efficacy of black film today? The presumed democratization of cinema production and distribution through this kind of financing practice challenges but also reinforces dominant and reductive narratives about the idea of black film's appeal to targeted and general audiences. Issues of faux democracy, populism, and quality that need to be addressed are at work here, especially in terms of their racial dimensions.
Bad Behavior
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: November 2017

FQ's Editor in Chief, B. Ruby Rich, weighs in on the latest in film and media culture. She recaps the recent Visible Evidence conference that took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina; reviews the content of the current issue, and introduces the important dossier on black film and media —co-edited by Racquel Gates and Michael Boyce Gillespie—that is the highlight of this issue.
MicroRNAs: tiny molecules with a significant role in mammalian follicular and oocyte development
Authors: Tesfaye Dawit , Gebremedhn Samuel , Salilew-Wondim Dessie , Hailay Tsige , Hoelker Michael , Grosse-Brinkhaus Christine , Schellander Karl
Published: November 2017

The genetic regulation of female fertility (follicular development, oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development) involves the spatio-temporal regulation of those genes that play key roles in various stages of the female reproductive axis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are known to regulate the expression of a large proportion of such genes. In recent decades, multiple studies have aimed to determine the roles of these non-coding RNAs in mammalian follicular development, oocyte growth and embryo development. These studies have applied a variety of approaches, including conditional knockout of miRNA biogenesis genes, high-throughput sequencing technologies for pattern recognition in miRNA expression and loss- and gain-of-function of miRNAs in various animal models. In addition to the cellular miRNAs, a large variety of RNAs are found in circulation, being coupled with extracellular vesicles, proteins and lipids. Because of their potential as diagnostic markers for abnormal physiologies, there is increasing interest in the identification of extracellular miRNAs in various biological fluids and spentin vitroculture media. This review focuses on studies addressing the expression and potential role of cellular and extracellular miRNAs in mammalian follicular cell physiology and subsequent ovarian functionality and oocyte maturation.
Complex processing of Stevia rebaudiana bertroni
Authors: Roik M. , Kuznetsova I.
Published: November 2017

The production of stevia is one of the cost-effi cient industries of the world, regardless of processing only dry leaves into substances of different degree of sweetness. Aim. The aim is to create the technology of complex processing of the aboveground part of stevia. Methods. Modern methods and technologies of determining quality indices for the concentrate were used. Results. The experimental and theoretical studies were used to suggest the technological scheme of complex processing of the aboveground part of dried stevia. Conclusions. The suggested technology allows ensuring complete processing of the aboveground part of stevia to obtain sub- stances of different degrees of sweetness as well as additional amounts of fl orazole, a complex of aminoacids, feed additive and pellets.
Global Human Trafficking and Child Victimization
Authors: Greenbaum Jordan , Bodrick Nia ,   COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT,   SECTION ON INTERNATIONAL CHILD HEALTH, Flaherty Emalee G. , Idzerda Sheila M. , Laskey Antoinette “Toni” , Legano Lori Anne , Leventhal John M. , Gavril Amy R. , Suchdev Parminder S. , Chan Kevin Joseph , Howard Cynthia Ruth , McGann Patrick T. , St. Clair Nicole Erin , Yun Katherine
Published: November 2017

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed July 2023.

Trafficking of children for labor and sexual exploitation violates basic human rights and constitutes a major global public health problem. Pediatricians and other health care professionals may encounter victims who present with infections, injuries, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidality, or a variety of other physical or behavioral health conditions. Preventing child trafficking, recognizing victimization, and intervening appropriately require a public health approach that incorporates rigorous research on the risk factors, health impact, and effective treatment options for child exploitation as well as implementation and evaluation of primary prevention programs. Health care professionals need training to recognize possible signs of exploitation and to intervene appropriately. They need to adopt a multidisciplinary, outward-focused approach to service provision, working with nonmedical professionals in the community to assist victims. Pediatricians also need to advocate for legislation and policies that promote child rights and victim services as well as those that address the social determinants of health, which influence the vulnerability to human trafficking. This policy statement outlines major issues regarding public policy, medical education, research, and collaboration in the area of child labor and sex trafficking and provides recommendations for future work.
Preparación, Caracterización y Aplicación de sensores de Pd-SnO como nariz electrónica en la clasificación de vinos peruanos y su comparación con técnicas cromatográficas
Authors: Paredes Doig Ana Lucía , Sun Kou Rosario , Picasso Gino , Doig Camino Elizabeth , La Rosa-Toro Gómez Adolfo
Published: November 2017

Se prepararon sensores basados en SnO dopados con paladio (0, 1, 3, 5 y 7%) mediante el método  de  impregnación húmeda.  Para  caracterizarlos,  se  usaron las técnicas  de espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), adsorción y desorción de N2  (BET), difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopia de energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDX). Los sensores se evaluaron con etanol para que conformaran, junto a dos sensores  comerciales,  una  nariz  electrónica (E-nose) que  lograse  detectar  componentes volátiles  del  aroma  en  vinos  peruanos. Los  resultados  fueron  interpretados  a través  del análisis  de  componentes principales  (PCA)  con  la  finalidad  de buscar  una  técnica  que complementase la información recolectada por la cromatografía de gases (GC) y la cromatografía líquida (HPLC), y justamente comparando los PCAs obtenidos del GC y el HPLC con los resultantes de la E-nose se encontró que estos últimos clasificaban mejor las muestras. Fue posible diferenciar tanto vinos de la misma uva como de distinta cepa. Además, se logró detectar vinos adulterados, lo cual contribuye a la industria vitivinícola en el control de su producción con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de esta bebida para el consumidor.
Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structure and DFT calculations of 4-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]- 4'-yl)phenol
Authors: Sierra Cesar , Castro Agudelo Brian , Ochoa-Puentes Cristian , Rodriguez-Cordoba William , Reiber Andreas
Published: November 2017

La síntesis de derivados terpiridinicos (Tpy) se ha investigado ampliamente debido a su potencial para la conversión de  energía solar. En este artículo se sintetizó  y caracterizó el 4-([2,2':6',2'' terpiridin]-4'-il)fenol (TpyOH), a través de varias metodologías como la cristalografía de rayos X y herramientas computacionales. El análisis de rayos X de monocristal mostró que el TpyOH es plano, con ángulos diedros de 5,03° entre el piridinilo central y el anillo fenólico, con presencia de ángulos de 6,05 y 12,2º en la porción terpiridínica. En el cristal, las moléculas están unidas por  enlaces  de  hidrógeno intermoleculares  y  mediante  interacciones  de apilamiento  π-π. Utilizando cálculos DFT dependientes del tiempo (TD-DFT) y teniendo en cuenta el efecto de los  disolventes, se investigaron y  compararon los  espectros  de absorción  y fluorescencia  de TpyOH. Las energías de transición TD-DFT de S0→Sn y S1→S0 concuerdan con los resultados experimentales. El análisis de orbitales moleculares de frontera mostró que la banda de absorción de baja energía corresponde a transferencia de carga intraligando (ICT); mientras que la banda de alta energía es común en las transiciones π-π* del resto Tpy. La emisión debido a la transición S1→S0 corresponde  a  ICT,  con  una  contribución  del 90%  proveniente  de  transiciones HOMO→LUMO.
Off-label use of psychotropic drugs beyond officially approved indications in Colombia
Authors: Fletscher-Covaleda Paola Marcela , López-Gutiérrez José Julián , Machado-Duque Manuel , Machado-Alba Jorge
Published: November 2017

Introducción. El uso de psicofármacos por fuera de las indicaciones aprobadas (off-label) es una práctica común, de la cual no se tiene información en Colombia.Objetivo. Describir el uso off-label de psicofármacos en una entidad promotora de salud de Bogotá D.C.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de prescripción-indicación con una muestra aleatoria de pacientes prescritos con psicofármacos entre enero y junio de 2010. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas y de concordancia y se realizaron análisis multivariados buscando asociación con prescripciones no aprobadas.Resultados. Los 420 pacientes evaluados tenían una edad promedio de 44.2±18.8 años, con predominio femenino (67.9%). Se encontró prescripción no aprobada en 58.6-59.8% de los casos; el 84.3% de las formulas fueron hechas por medicina general. Los principales psicofármacos en indicaciones como cefalea tensional e insomnio fueron amitriptilina (n=128; 86.7% de uso no aprobado), trazodona (n=93; 88.2%) y fluoxetina (n=66; 36.4%). En el análisis multivariado se halló que ser un adulto joven (OR=1.99; IC95%: 1.06-3.70; p=0.030), ser tratado por medicina general (OR=3.40; IC95%: 1.50-7.67; p=0.003) y ser formulado con amitriptilina (OR=11.38; IC95%: 5.06-25.58; p<0.001) o trazodona (OR=13.08; IC95%: 5.23-32.68; p<0.001) aumentan la probabilidad de recibir una prescripción no aprobada.Conclusiones. En la aseguradora estudiada, los psicofármacos son utilizados en una importante proporción de indicaciones no aprobadas por las autoridades regulatorias, por lo cual es importante fortalecer la educación y el control para el empleo de los medicamentos de manera racional, efectiva y segura.
Phase analysis for the assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony by Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT. Importance of clinical and technical parameters
Authors: Marín-Oyaga Víctor , Gutiérrez-Villamil Claudia , Dueñas-Criado Karen , Arévalo-Leal Sinay
Published: November 2017

Introducción. El análisis de fase (AF) del ventrículo izquierdo es una herramienta de reciente introducción en los estudios de cardiología nuclear, que permite valorar el sincronismo mecánico de la contracción del ventrículo izquierdo con diferentes aplicaciones clínicas, si bien es poco conocida.Objetivo. Mostrar la factibilidad de la nueva herramienta AF por perfusión miocárdica (Gated-SPECT) para valorar el sincronismo mecánico del ventrículo izquierdo y verificar diferencias entre sus valores, según situaciones clínicas y condiciones técnicas.Materiales y métodos. En el estudio participaron pacientes consecutivos con Gated-SPECT. Las variables principales fueron diferentes condiciones clínicas y técnicas. La valoración del AF se realizó mediante la herramienta FASE del programa cardiodedicado (QPS-QGS, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA). Se obtuvieron los siguientes parámetros: ancho del histograma (AH), desviación estandar de la fase (DE) y entropía (E). Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico de medias o medianas a través de test paramétricos o no paramétircos. El límite de significancia estadísitca fue p<0.05. Se utilizó IBM-SPSS V21®.Resultados. Con un total de 300 pacientes y una media de edad de 65±12.7, en el análisis del AF no existieron diferencias según la fase del estudio (estrés-reposo) [AH (p=0.4), DE (p=0.6), E (p=0.7)], tipo de estrés [AH (p=0.38), DE (p=0.8), E (p=0.84)], dosis utilizada [AH(p=0.19), DE (p=0.05), E (p=0.06)], gammacámara [AH (p=0.02), DE (p=0.06), E (p=0.08)] ni entre antecedente de enfermedad coronaria [AH (p=0.44), DE (p=0.18), E (p=0.17)].Hubo diferencias según trastornos de conducción [AH (p=0.001), DE (p=0.02), E (p=0.001)], fracción de eyección < o >35% [AH (p=0.001), DE (p=0.001), E (p=0.001)], estudio normal o con necrosis [AH (p=0.001), DE (p=0.001), E (p=0.001)] y género [AH (p=0.002), DE (p=0.006), E (p=0.005)].Conclusiones. El uso de la nueva herramienta del AF de medicina nuclear es factible. Sus parámetros no se afectaron por el tipo de estrés producido, dosis administrada o fase del estudio por la gammacámara empleada. Por su parte, sí fueron afectados por género, trastornos de conducción interventricular, necrosis y disfunción sistólica.
Geographical distribution of centenarians in Colombia: an analysis of three databases
Authors: Rosselli Diego , Yucumá Daniela , Polanía María José , Machado Jenny Carolina
Published: November 2017

Introducción. Las personas mayores de 100 años han sido poco estudiadas en Colombia, si bien son importantes para entender el envejecimiento.Objetivo. Estimar el número y distribución geográfica de los centenarios en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron tres fuentes de información: el Censo de 2005, los certificados de defunción de 2010 a 2013 y los Registros Individuales de Prestaciones de Servicios de Salud (RIPS) de 2014.Resultados. En el censo, se identificaron 3 165 centenarios (1 972 mujeres, correspondientes al 62.3%) con las tasas más elevadas en La Guajira (2.23 x 10 000), Chocó (1.90) y Sucre (1.61). En el cuatrienio analizado fallecieron 3 611 y se hallaron sus mayores proporciones (por cada 1 000 fallecidos) en Chocó (10.4), La Guajira (9.4) y Sucre (6.5). Los RIPS identificaron 3 390 centenarios, cuyas tasas más altas se ubicaron en Sucre (2.17 x 10 000), Chocó (1.29) y Córdoba (1.11).Conclusiones. Aunque los resultados de la investigación fueron consistentes en el número y la distribución geográfica de los individuos centenarios, pudo haber errores de registro de la fecha de nacimiento, que es la base para estimar la edad en las tres fuentes. Otra explicación de estos resultados podría involucrar la actividad física, el apoyo familiar y comunitario, el bajo nivel de estrés y la dieta saludable en estas regiones.