bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of virulence factors in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from Emmental cheese
Authors: Nascimento Adriana Loureiro do , Sousa Rosangela Sales , Rodrigues Aline Aparecida Rezende , Mattos Elaine Cristina de , Daros Vilma dos Santos Menezes Gaiotto , Col Rute Dal , Pinheiro Eliana Scarcelli , Nassar Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Food prepared with products derived from animals are involved in most cases of staphylococcal poisoning; therefore, the research of Staphylococcus spp. in Emmental cheese is more applicable. The objective of this study was to identify coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) in cheese using biochemical and molecular techniques to detect the presence of nine genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins. From 180 samples analyzed, 204 CNS strains were obtained and identified as being 46 (22.6%) S. saprophyticus strains, 27 (13.2%) S. hominis spp. hominis strains, 22 (10.8%) S. sciuri strains, 21 (10.3%) S. xylosus strains, 19 (9.3%) S. epidermidis strains, 19 (9.3%) S. haemolyticus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. lentus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. warneri strains, 11 (5.4%) S. equorum strains and 5 (2.5%) S. cohnni . Using the PCRm protocol, 14 (6.9%) strains with the presence of the genes on the enterotoxin E (SEE)11 (78.6%), J (SEJ) 1 (7%), C (SEC) 1 (7%) and I (SEI) 1 (7%) were detected. Based on the results, the type of package is not interfered of growth and isolated that Staphylococcus spp. in cheese. It was observed that bacteria capacity to produce coagulase cannot be understood as an indicative of enterotoxigenicity; therefore, the CNS should be considered as a target of importance in the epidemiology of staphylococcal intoxications. It can be concluded that CNS need to be included in bacterial foodborne disease research, since the genes responsible for the production of toxins were detected and none of the studied samples presented Staphylococcus spp. counting above the limits allowed by legislation.
Trichogramma pretiosum in field release and under different temperatures in laboratory
Authors: Morais Rosana Matos de , Moro Tamires Silveira , Saldanha Cleber Witt , Steffen Gerusa Pauli Kist , Missio Evandro Luiz , Maldaner Joseila , Steffen Ricardo Bemfica
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a strain of Trichogramma pretiosum native to the central region of the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, under different temperatures in laboratory and the parasitism of Helicoverpa zea after releases in corn field. Trichogramma pretiosum females were kept at 18, 25 and 30 °C and had their parasitism potential evaluated. Nine plots (400 m2) of maize were installed in randomized blocks under the treatments: 1) staggered release of parasitoids in three different occasions, at three-day intervals; 2) a single release of parasitoids; 3) no release of parasitoids. Ears were collected every four days and the number of caterpillars and eggs of H. zea in the maize silk and the number of damaged ears were estimated. Evaluation started after the tassels growth and ended with the drying of the styles-stigmas. To estimate the grain mass and the ear number and mass, two lines in each plot were delimited and reserved at the end of the cultivation cycle. In laboratory, the highest parasitism rate occurred at 25 °C (35.54%) and the lowest longevity at 30 °C (6.8 days). A total of 1,063 H. zea eggs were collected in the field, 69.52% were parasitized. The mean parasitism rate was higher in T1 (staggered release, 82.77%) than in control (51.87%), but there was no difference in grain yield. Based on the parasitism capacity of the studied strain, it can be potentially used in programs of biological control of H. zea in corn crops of Rio Grande do Sul.
The Use of Clinical PBL in Primary Care in Undergraduate Medical Schools
Authors: Romão Gustavo Salata , Bestetti Reinaldo Bulgarelli , Couto Lucélio Bernardes
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a collaborative student-centered learning method for small groups, based on the mobilization of previous knowledge and on critical reasoning for problem solving. Although it has been used predominantly in the classroom, when applied in clinical studies, PBL can increase the intrinsic motivation and long-term knowledge retention. In addition, Clinical PBL represents a more effective option to learn from practice considering the students’ overload in clinical clerkships in the Unified Health System (UHS). This study aimed to assess the students’ perception of a Clinical PBL model implemented in Primary Health Care (PHC) clerkships during the first four years of the Medical Course at the University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP) in 2017. Method: The primary outcome was assessed by the DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure) tool, which contains 50 items distributed in five dimensions. The questionnaire was applied to 374 medical students, corresponding to 78% of the total number of medical students from the first to the fourth year. Results: For most of the evaluated items, the students’ perceptions were “positive”, including the dimensions “Perception of Teachers”, “Perception of Academic Results” and “Perception of the General Environment”. For the dimensions “Perception of Learning” and “Perception of Social Relationships” the evaluation was “more positive than negative”. The DREEM total score was 124.31, corresponding to 62.15% of the maximum score, which indicates a perception that is “more positive than negative” regarding the Clinical PBL. The internal consistency given by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92. Conclusion: The use of Clinical PBL in PHC qualifies learning from practice, is well accepted by medical students and offers a useful option to the students’ overload in the clinical clerkship during the first four years of the Medical School.
Análise de políticas editoriais de periódicos científicos nacionais: Contribuições para o Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
Authors: Beltrão Jimena Felipe , Silva Taíse da Cruz
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Este artigo analisa políticas editoriais de periódicos científicos nacionais indexados na SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) nas áreas de Antropologia, Arqueologia e Linguística com objetivo de identificar semelhanças e diferenças em comparação à atual política editorial do Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas. O intuito da pesquisa é recomendar eventuais ajustes à atual política editorial do periódico centenário do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. A pesquisa adotou abordagem quali-quantitativa com uso de técnicas documental e bibliográfica para a coleta de dados. As variáveis analisadas nos documentos das políticas editoriais foram: os idiomas em que são aceitas as submissões; os formatos dos originais: se impresso ou eletrônico; as seções em que se subdividem os conteúdos publicados; o processo de avaliação por pares; os requisitos para constituição de autoria; a origem dos conteúdos publicados; os critérios de acesso aos conteúdos publicados; a indexação dos periódicos em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais; e a política de detecção de plágio. O exame comparativo desses elementos demonstrou a eficiência das normas e instruções em vigor no Boletim ao mesmo tempo em que indicou a necessidade de detalhamento do escopo da revista quando se trata das áreas correlatas, caso de disciplinas como Sociologia, Geografia e outros.
Competência em informação e suas raízes teórico-epistemológicas da Ciência da Informação: em foco, a fenomenologia
Authors: Lucca Djuli Machado De , Vitorino Elizete Vieira
Published: October 2020

RESUMO A competência em informação é um movimento social e científico, que investiga os processos referentes à busca, ao acesso, à avaliação, à comunicação e ao uso da informação. Como movimento científico, integrou-se à Ciência da Informação, que emergiu a partir do problema da sobrecarga em informação e das dificuldades em recuperá-la. O artigo propõe investigar a relação epistemológica entre a Ciência da Informação e o movimento científico da competência em informação. Identifica-se, na ciência da informação, a existência de três paradigmas, apresentados por Capurro (2003): paradigma físico, paradigma cognitivo e paradigma social; e também três vertentes epistemológicas, oriundas da sociologia, indicadas por Araújo (2003): corrente positivista/funcionalista, corrente crítica e corrente social. Com base nas propostas de Capurro (2003) e Araújo (2003), concebe-se a existência de três vertentes de pesquisa sobre competência em informação: a vertente cognitiva, com aproximações funcionalistas e positivistas, a vertente social e a vertente crítica. Essas aproximações epistemológicas orientam as investigações que atualmente são desenvolvidas na temática. Por fim, argumenta-se em favor da fenomenologia enquanto princípio teórico-metodológico congruente às pesquisas em competência em informação, visto que a informação é um produto político, revelado no social, que sofre interferências do mundo externo.
Inovação em saúde e internet das coisas (IoT): Um panorama do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico
Authors: Rosa Claudia Marisa , Souza Paulo Augusto Ramalho de , Silva Joaquim Manoel da
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Esta pesquisa pautou-se na análise do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico acerca da Internet das Coisas (IoT) aplicada ao ambiente da saúde na perspectiva da inovação, tendo como insumo artigos científicos e documentos de patentes relacionados ao tema. A prospecção realizada a partir dos critérios delimitados possibilitou o mapeamento, nos últimos dez anos, de 217 artigos e 177 patentes relacionados à temática, em nível global. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se os parâmetros da análise bibliométrica seguida da análise de conteúdo, permitindo a identificação dos autores com maior produtividade (Lei de Lotka), a vinculação destes autores, a dispersão histórica das publicações e dos periódicos que difundem o assunto (Lei de Bradford), as abordagens predominantes das publicações (Lei de Zipf) e os países e as áreas de destaque em publicações científicas e tecnológicas. O panorama delineado aponta que o desenvolvimento da temática ocorreu a partir de 2010 liderado por países asiáticos, com uma produção científica mais desconcentrada e predominantemente vinculada às Universidades, enquanto a produção tecnológica apresenta maior concentração e vinculação com empresas, porém, com convergência no discurso comum. Dentre as tendências identificadas, sobressai o monitoramento remoto de pacientes.
“ABRA-TE SÉSAMO”: A TEORIA CRÍTICA DE GABRIEL COHN
Authors: Torre Bruna Della
Published: October 2020

Resumo Seria Gabriel Cohn um weberiano? O presente texto tem como objetivo tecer comentários a respeito da crítica de Cohn a Max Weber em Crítica e resignação, tendo em vista o diálogo implícito desse livro com a tradição marxista da teoria crítica. Sem buscar esgotar o tema, a ideia é debater algumas questões referentes à separação entre ação e pensamento para Weber, bem como revisitar sua teoria da racionalização tendo em vista a maneira como a teoria crítica abordou esses mesmos problemas.
Gastrointestinal nematode infection in Purunã heifers raised in conventional and integrated livestock forest systems
Authors: BAIAK Barbara Haline Buss , GASPARINA Jennifer Mayara , MOLETTA José Luis , ROCHA Raquel Abdallah da
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of Purunã heifers to nematode infection in two different production systems. In this study, 29 heifers were divided into eight pickets, four in an integrated livestock forest system (ILF) and four in a conventional pasture system (CPS). Feces were collected monthly to perform the fecal egg count (FEC), evaluate the degree of infection caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle, and carry out coproculture, to identify the genus of the parasites. In addition, animal body weight was determined to evaluate performance. On the same day as the measurements, forage samples were collected to determine the number of infective larvae per kilogram of dry matter (L3/kg DM) in each picket. There were no statistical differences in FECs between the treatments. Although no significant differences were observed in the recovery of L3/kg DM, the contamination was higher in the ILF compared to CPS in December (344 and 37.7 L3/kg DM, respectively) and January (312 and 0 L3/kg DM, respectively). In March, the CPS (321 L3/kg DM) presented higher contamination than the ILF (80.7 L3/kg DM), but with no statistical difference. The weight of the animals was higher for the CPS compared to the ILF treatment throughout the whole experimental period, with a significant difference in December (343.30 kg and 314.08 kg, respectively). The present study demonstrated numerically that greater numbers of L3 were recovered from pasture of the ILF, which could have resulted in higher contamination and lower performance of the animals.
Modelling of tension stiffening effect in reinforced recycled concrete
Authors: Martins Maurício Prado , Rangel Caroline Santana , Amario Mayara , Lima José Mario Feitosa , Lima Paulo Roberto Lopes , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias
Published: October 2020

abstract: Concrete with recycled aggregate is a fragile material under tensile stresses. However, like conventional concrete, it is possible that its contribution is relevant in the design of reinforced concrete elements under tension or bending, even after cracking. The objective of this work is to evaluate the application of the analytical models used to predict the effect of tension stiffening on recycled reinforced concrete. Tests of reinforced concrete under tensile were performed using conventional concrete and concrete containing 25% and 50% replacement of the natural aggregate with recycled aggregate. From the experimental results of reinforced concrete, the contribution of the concrete was isolated and a parametric study was carried out to identify which analytical model in the literature may be more appropriate. The models proposed by Carreira and Chu (1986), Vecchio and Collins (1986) and Hsu and Mo (2010) were evaluated. A numerical analysis, based on the finite element method, was implemented to model the mechanical behavior of the reinforced concrete under tensile using the analytical models already adjusted to concrete with recycled aggregate. The stress distribution in steel and concrete and the cracking mode were evaluated numerically. The results indicate that the parameters used in the analytical models for conventional concrete cannot predict the behavior of concrete with recycled aggregate and need to be modified to obtain a more accurate answer.
Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete shear walls with rectangular cross section
Authors: Campos Maurício Castelo Branco de Noronha , Ribeiro Paulo Marcelo Vieira , Oliveira Romilde Almeida de
Published: October 2020

abstract: This study addresses a numerical analysis of reinforced concrete columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than their widths with a rectangular cross section. Numerical simulations of 1,440 cases were performed, each case simulated with the single bar model, isolated bar model and mesh model, in addition, 3D model simulations were carried out. For the validation of 3D models and bar models, comparisons were made between the numerical simulation e experimental results of 24 reinforced concrete columns. Second order effects were analyzed on the vertical moment at the edge of the columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than the widths (localized second-order effects) and also the values of the horizontal moments along the cross sectional length in the mesh model. Influences of the main variables were observed influencing the behavior of the columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than their widths: the ratio between the cross sectional dimensions, the slenderness and the stresses (normal stress and bending moment around the axis of greatest inertia).
Computational analysis of biomimetic butterfly valve
Authors: Marimuthu Siva , Chinnathambi Dhavamani
Published: October 2020

Butterfly valves are most commonly used in aerospace and mechanical industries to regulate fluid flow. Although butterfly valves are known for their low pressure drop functions, still instabilities occur when operating the valves from closed to open positions. Disturbances like the skin friction and turbulence kinetic energy of the disc greatly reduce the outlet velocity of the fluid. Although there are many techniques to address the disturbances, studies on the sharkskin pattern gained a spotlight in solving both aerodynamic and hydrodynamic problems in internal flows. In this computational work, the performance of the butterfly valve is improved with the help of the implemented biomimetic pattern on the surface. It was noted from the computational analysis that the skin friction coefficient, turbulence kinetic energy and outlet velocity of the butterfly valve could be enhanced by up to 83.24, 45.54 and 3.42%, respectively. The net mass flow rate of the pipe is also improved with the help of the biomimetic butterfly valve. Computational results were validated to ensure its steadiness. This computational research is proof of the concept ‘fluid flow over a surface with little roughness is better than a smooth surface’.
Influence of RHA reinforcements on mechanical and wear behavior of Al 4032 composites
Authors: Gudimetla Avinash , Prasad Surapaneni Sambhu , Lingaraju Dumpala
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed at developing low-cost composites with high specific strength and better performance by incorporating agro-waste as reinforcements. The stir-casting technique was adopted for fabricating composites with aluminum (Al) 4032 as matrix material and 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt.% rice husk ash (RHA) as reinforcements. The mechanical properties of the produced composites were investigated, and the wear rate under dry conditions was also experimented on, to assess the characteristics of the produced composites. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were done to study the presence and distribution of reinforcements in the matrix material. The surface of specimens after wear test was analyzed from optical microscope images. The influence of process parameters such as reinforcement (wt.%), speed (revolutions per min (rpm)) and load (N) on wear rate was identified, and the parameters were optimized for minimum wear rate using a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The percentage contribution of process parameters was obtained by performing analysis of variance. Better results were obtained for composites with 6 wt.% RHA with 84 HRB, 92.30 HV, ultimate tensile strength of 383.73 MPa and ultimate compressive strength of 571.6 MPa. Minimum wear rate was obtained for composites with 6 wt.% RHA at 100 rpm and 10 N. Speed was found to be the most contributing factor, with 72.94%, followed by load, with 13.34%, and weight percentage of reinforcements, with 11.88%.
Heinz Isler’s twin shell roof in Deitingen – preservation of a ‘timeless wing beat’
Authors: Brühwiler Eugen
Published: October 2020

The Swiss shell pioneer Heinz Isler (1926–2009) fundamentally challenged established shell design methods by introducing original methods of form finding based on gravity. He realised elegant and pure shell forms in reinforced concrete, incarnating the perfect match of structural efficiency and form. With his shells, he gained acclamation of structural engineers and architects, and of the public. Heinz Isler’s more than 1400 built concrete shells are mostly located in Switzerland. The twin shell roof for the motorway rest area in Deitingen, Switzerland, and recent maintenance works to preserve this monument of structural art are described. After more than 50 years of use, the good condition and unaltered technical performance of the shells speak for Isler's excellent engineering work. The principle that well-designed structures are more durable is confirmed once again. Due to the non-invasive maintenance works carried out in 2016, the substance and aesthetics of the shells, which are one of the most successful and boldest engineering designs by Heinz Isler, are preserved for the shells to serve as a landmark on the motorway for decades.
Pyrosequencing investigation into the bacterial communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau soils associated with soil characteristic factors
Authors: Cheng Liang , Wang Xin , Guo Qingyun
Published: October 2020

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) is one of the most important regions of the earth’s ecosystem that is vulnerable to climate and human activities due to its complex climate and terrain. However, knowledge about soil bacterial communities and their effect on the ecosystem within the QTP environments is still scarce. Metagenomic approaches on the structure and diversity of bacterial communities and their relationship with the environment from eighteen selected sites of the five major QTP ecosystems (gray-cinnamon soils, chernozems, castanozems, mountain meadow soils, gray desert soils) are presented in this paper. The dominant bacterial phyla in five type soils were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in gray desert soils. The bacteria diversity in castanozeras and mountain meadow soils was significantly higher than that of the other three soil types (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic diversity in gray desert soil was significantly lower than that of other four soil types (P < 0.05). Phylotype richness was the lowest in gray-cinnamon soils. There were significant correlations between the phylotype richness and soil moisture (r = -0.578) and potassium (r = -0.529). Phylogenetic diversity (PD) was significantly correlated with total organic carbon (r = -0.548). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the diversity and composition in the bacterial communities differed greatly among the five soil types and that they were closely correlated with the soil moisture, soil organic carbon and potassium. These results indicated that the bacterial community structures of QTP soils were obviously influenced by soil characteristics and soil environmental characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for the optimal management and sustainable utilization of the QTP soil ecosystem, which is of great significance.
Clinically relevant concentrations of dexmedetomidine may reduce oxytocin-induced myometrium contractions in pregnant rats
Authors: Kim Dong Joon , Ki Young Joon , Jang Bo Hyun , Kim Seongcheol , Kim Sang Hun , Jung Ki Tae
Published: October 2020

Background: Recently, there have been some trials to use dexmedetomidine in the obstetric field but concerns regarding the drug include changes in uterine contractions after labor. We aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the myometrial contractions of pregnant rats.Methods: In a pilot study, the contraction of the myometrial strips of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in an organ bath with oxytocin at 1 mU/ml was assessed by adding dexmedetomidine from 10-6 to 10-2 M accumulatively every 20 min, and active tension and the number of contractions were evaluated. Then, changes in myometrial contractions were evaluated from high doses of dexmedetomidine (1.0 × 10−4 to 1.2 × 10−3 M). The effective concentrations (EC) for changes in uterine contractions were calculated using a probit model.Results: Active tension and the number of contractions were significantly decreased at 10-3 M and 10-4 M dexmedetomidine, respectively (P < 0.05). A complete loss of contractions was seen at 10-2 M. Dexmedetomidine (1.0 × 10−4 to 1.2 × 10−3 M) decreased active tension and the number of contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC95 of dexmedetomidine for inhibiting active tension and the number of contractions was 5.16 × 10-2 M and 2.55 × 10-5 M, respectively.Conclusions: Active tension of the myometrium showed a significant decrease at concentrations of dexmedetomidine higher than 10-3 M. Thus, clinical concentrations of dexmedetomidine may inhibit uterine contractions. Further research is needed for the safe use of dexmedetomidine in the obstetrics field.
Emergency exploratory laparotomy in a COVID-19 patient - A case report -
Authors: Lee Seong Su , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Gunn Hee , Kwon Mi Young , Kim Hee Yeong , Moon Yeon Jin , Kim Su Jin , Yun Mi Jung
Published: October 2020

Background: Surgeries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) put medical staff at a high risk of infection. We report the anesthetic management and infection control of a mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patient who underwent exploratory laparotomy for suspected duodenal ulcer perforation.Case: A 73-year-old man, mechanically ventilated for confirmed COVID-19, showed clinical and radiographic signs of a perforated duodenal ulcer, and he was transferred under sedation and intubation to a negative-pressure operating room. The operating and assistant staff wore personal protective equipment. High-efficiency particulate absorbing (HEPA) filters were inserted into the expiratory circuits of the anesthesia machine and portable ventilator. No participating staff contracted COVID-19, although the patient later died due to pneumonia.Conclusions: This report can contribute to establishing clinical guidelines for the surgical management and operation room setting of COVID-19 patients.
Aplicabilidade do digital smile design em reabilitações estéticas: revisão de literatura
Authors: Rossi Natália Rivoli , Silva Juliana de Freitas Gouveia , Rodrigues Murilo Rocha , Kukulka Elisa Camargo , Grangeiro Manassés Tercio Vieira , Paes Junior Tarcisio José de Arruda
Published: October 2020

OBJETIVO: revisar a literatura sobre o protocolo de planejamento e diagnóstico digital conhecido como “Digital Smile Design”, destacando suas principais vantagens no tocante a reabilitações estéticas em odontologia restauradora. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: foi realizada busca nas bases de dados da Pubmed, Scielo e Bireme, de 60 artigos, utilizando os termos de busca Dental photography cosmetic dentistry, treatment protocols. Os critérios de inclusão foram: Estudos in vivo, revisões sistemáticas e metanálise, literatura que aborda variáveis em estudo, idioma em português e inglês e artigos publicados no período de 1990 a 2020. Os critérios de exclusão foram: carta ao editor, revisão de literatura e caso clínico. RESULTADOS: o DSD é uma ferramenta de planejamento de tratamento utilizada em odontologia estética interdisciplinar para fortalecer a visão diagnóstica, melhorar a comunicação entre especialistas e a orientação do paciente. O design do sorriso se refere aos muitos princípios científicos e artísticos que, coletivamente, podem criar um belo sorriso. Esses princípios são estabelecidos por meio de dados coletados dos pacientes como modelos diagnósticos, anamnese e medida de proporções faciais. Por sua vez, a composição estética do sorriso depende de muitos pontos de referência e parâmetros anatômicos para a formação de um conjunto harmônico e belo. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: o DSD é uma ferramenta importante para uso em reabilitações estéticas em odontologia restauradora, uma vez que é um instrumento facilitador do diagnóstico, melhora a comunicação entre a equipe multidisciplinar e auxilia na orientação e motivação do paciente, aumentando a previsibilidade dos tratamentos.
Rapid, multimodal, critical care knowledge-sharing platform for COVID-19 pandemics
Authors: Sakusic Amra , Markotic Dragana , Dong Yue , Festic Emir , Krajinovic Vladimir , Sustic Alan , Milivojevic Natasa , Jandric Milka , Gavrilovic Srdjan , Niven Alexander , Kovacevic Pedja , Gajic Ognjen
Published: October 2020

In many areas of the world, critical care providers caring for COVID-19 patients lacked specific knowledge and were exposed to the abundance of new and unfiltered information. With support from the World Health Organization, we created a multimodal tele-education intervention to rapidly share critical care knowledge related to COVID-19 targeting providers in a region of Southeastern Europe. We delivered 60-minute weekly interactive tele-education sessions over YouTube TM between March and May 2020, supplemented by a dedicated webpage. The intervention was reinforced using a secure social media platform (Viber TM) providing continuous rapid knowledge exchange among faculty and learners. A high level of engagement was observed with over 2,000 clinicians participating and actively interacting over a six-week period. Surveyed participants were highly satisfied with the intervention. Tele-education interventions using social media platforms are feasible, low-cost, and effective methods to share knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Contribution of Perch (Perca fluviatilis L. 1758) to Maintaining the Diphyllobothriasis Focus in the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir and the Yenisei River
Authors: Chugunova Julia K. , Ronzhina Tatyana Yu. , Syromyatnikov Alexey A.
Published: October 2020

The study investigates infection rates of perch by plerocercoids of the Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lühe, 1899 (syn. Diphyllobothrium latum) broad tapeworm in the creeks of the Krasnoyarsk Water Reservoir and in the Yenisei River (within the limits of the city of Krasnoyarsk). Plerocercoids were found in the perch in all study areas. The rates of invasion of the fish in the Yenisei River and in the creeks of the lower part of the Reservoir – Biryusa and Shumikha – were low (9.8, 6.9, and 13.5%, respectively); the infection of perch was higher in the middle part of the Reservoir, in the Sisim Creek (21.4%). The fish purchased at an unauthorized market was the most infected – 68.5%. The sample included large fish, weighing from 70 to 970 g. A positive correlation was noted between invasion rate and fish age (r=0.7). The plerocercoids found in the fish were viable. They were mainly localized in the fish muscle. Diphyllobothriosis is a commonly occurring helminthiasis in the riverine communities transformed because of the damming of rivers. In the Krasnoyarsk Water Reservoir, the broad tapeworms are usually transmitted along the plankton – perch – pike chain. The data obtained in this study show that small perch, consuming infected plankton, plays a leading role in maintaining the abundance of D. latus in the water reservoir. However, the main contribution to the epidemiological situation in the region is made by the large perch, which is heavily infected with broad tapeworm plerocercoids because of its cannibalistic feeding behavior. Both recreational fishermen and the people purchasing fish at unauthorized markets prefer large perch. Commercial and recreational fishing, settlements on the shores of the Reservoir, and the increasing number of tourists have contributed to the invasion of pathogenic organisms in the Reservoir. The perch caught in the Krasnoyarsk Water Reservoir or in the Yenisei River or purchased at unauthorized markets, which have not been inspected for disease, could be a source of diphyllobothriosis infection for people
Algorithms for Creating the Digital Twin of a Distributed Generator
Authors: Bulatov Yuri N. , Kryukov Andrey V.
Published: October 2020

The article describes the concept of a digital twin of a distributed generator (DG) implemented on the basis of a salient-pole synchronous generator. The structure of the digital twin is presented in the form of a hierarchical fuzzy model built on the experimental data. For building fuzzy models of individual elements and links of a generator, software algorithms for optimization of the membership functions of term sets and the numbers of knowledge base rules are proposed. The results of experiments on obtaining an optimized neuro-fuzzy model for regulating the rotation speed of the generator rotor are presented. A comparative analysis of the oscillograms of the output signal of the optimized fuzzy model showed a sufficiently high accuracy when using the subtractive clustering method to build a fuzzy logic system. This approach made it possible to significantly reduce the number of term sets and the amount of the fuzzy model rules. The proposed algorithms can be used in further research aimed at industrial implementation of DG digital twins, as well as for solving the problem of tuning automatic regulators of low-power synchronous generators
First record of predation on Rhinella diptycha (Anura, Bufonidae) by Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae)
Authors: Rodney Murillo Peixoto Couto , Maiara Cabrera Miguel  , Zaida Ortega Diago
Published: October 2020

Caimans of the species Caiman latirostris, which are widely distributed in South America, are opportunistic predators. They show ontogenetic variation in diet, with young individuals initially feeding on invertebrates and then gradually adding vertebrates in their diets as they grow up. However, due to inexperience, young individuals may end up eating dangerous prey, such as poisonous amphibians. The intoxication caused by eating an individual of Rhinella diptycha may produce local irritation to the caiman, and even lead it to death shortly after ingestion. To avoid this threat, some animals use particular feeding strategies, such as starting to eat the prey’s posterior part, or eating only its viscera. In this note, we report the first case of a predation event of an adult individual of the poisonous toad R. diptycha by a young individual of C. latirostris that we observed in a pond of the Southeast of Brazil. The caiman waited until the toad was dead before starting swallowing slowly, from the anterior part of the body. We did not observe any sign that the caiman was affected by the prey ingestion, even some hours later after ingestion. Our register suggests that the caiman may be tolerant or adapted to eat this poisonous prey and encourage research on the causes and mechanisms of this tolerance.
Efecto inmunodulador y microbicida de las células mesenquimales estromales obtenidas de médula ósea
Authors: Arango Rincón Julián Camilo
Published: October 2020

Las células mesenquimales estromales obtenidas de medula ósea (BMMSCs) o células madre mesenquimales son células madre adultas con interesantes cualidades en medicina regenerativa ya que poseen la capacidad de diferenciarse a células de tejidos mesenquimales y otros como parénquima pulmonar, neuronal y células hepáticas entre otras. Así mismo otro de sus atributos consiste en su capacidad inmunomoduladora, basada en: migración a tejido inflamado, liberación de moléculas anti-inflamatorias, diferenciación a tejido específico y liberación de exosomas. Finalmente, otra de las características recientemente exploradas, consiste en su capacidad microbicida, la cual puede ser de forma directa (liberación de moléculas antimicrobianas y procesos como fagocitosis) o indirecta (liberación de mediadores que activan otras células o mecanismos inmunes). Teniendo en cuenta las propiedades mencionadas, las BMMSCS han sido postuladas como una prometedora alternativa terapéutica en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes e inflamatorias ya sea mediante trasplantes autólogos o purificación de sus exosomas. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir los principales mecanismos moleculares e inmunológicos asociados a la capacidad inmunomoduladora y microbicida de las BMMSCs en modelos experimentales de algunas enfermedades infecciosas como pacoccidioidomicosis, candidiasis, aspergilosis, tuberculosis y COVID19 entre otros, con el objetivo de ser propuestas para ensayos clínicos en humanos a futuro.
JOHN RAWLS’IN HAKKANİYET OLARAK ADALET İLKELERİNDE ÖZGÜRLÜK VE EŞİTLİK SORUNU ÜZERİNE
Authors: KANATLI Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinde modern dönem toplum sözleşmeci geleneği yeniden canlandıran John Rawls, hak kavramını iyi kavramına öncelikli kıldığı ahlak teorisinde adil ve iyi düzenlenmiş bir toplumun nasıl yaratılacağı yönünde teorik bir açılım yapmıştır. Bireyi kendine has bir şekilde ahlaki, eşit ve rasyonel özne olarak kodlayan Rawls, bu bireyden yola çıkarak teorik öncüllerini oluşturmuş ve geliştirdiği teori aracılığıyla özgürlük ve eşitlik nosyonlarını uzlaştırma çabasına girmiştir. Rawlsın bu çabasına yönelik literatürde yer alan tartışmalar; ya Rawlsın adalet ilkelerinin birbirini çürüttüğü ya da bu ilkelerin birbirine diyalektik olarak zorunlu bir bağlılık arz ettiği yönündeki argümanlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu makalede ise; sorunun Hakkaniyet Olarak Adalet İlkeleri’nin birbiriyle çelişip çelişmediği veya birbirini zorunlu olarak tamamlayıp tamamlamadığı olmadığı özellikle tartışılarak, bu ilkeleri uygulayacak olan Rawlsçı Mülk Sahipliği Demokrasisi Modelinde bile özgürlük ve eşitliğin Rawslın beklentisi doğrultusunda toplumsal boyutta yaşanamayacağı yönünde argümanlar öne sürülmüştür.
AR Arbeitsplätze
Authors: Ulmer Jessica , Gröninger Marc , Braun Sebastian , Wollert Jörg
Published: October 2020

Trotz fortschreitender Automatisierung bleiben manuelle Tätigkeiten ein wichtiger Baustein der Fertigung kundenindividueller Produkte. Um die Mitarbeiter(innen) zu unterstützen und um eine effiziente Arbeit zu ermöglichen, werden zunehmend auf Augmented Reality (AR) basierende Systeme eingesetzt. Die vorgestellte Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung ganzheitlicher AR-Arbeitsplätze für den Einsatz in kleinen und mittleren  Unternehmen (KMU). Das entwickelte AR- Handarbeitskonzept beinhaltet eine Just-in-time-Darstellung der Arbeitsaufgaben auf Werkstücken mit automatisierter Fertigungskontrolle. AlsReaktion auf kurze Produktlebenszyklen und hohe Produktvielfalten sind alle Komponenten auf maximale Flexibilität ausgelegt. Ein Umrüsten auf neue Produkte kann innerhalb von Minuten erfolgen.
Intermodulare funktionale Sicherheit für flexible Anlagen der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Pelzer Florian , Klose Anselm , Drath Rainer , Horch Alexander , Vélez Leon Silvia , Manske Hartmut , Kotsch Christoph , Oehlert Rainer , Knab Jochen , Barth Mike , Gut Bernhard , Urbas Leon
Published: October 2020

Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages wurde die Notwendigkeit von intermodularen Sicher­heits­konzepten zur Beherrschung intermodularer Risiken hergeleitet und begründet. In diesem zweiten Beitragsteil wird das hierzu entwickelte Konzept einer funktionalen Sicherheitsschicht für den modularen Anlagenbau vorgestellt. Analog zur betrieblichen Orches­trierung auf dem Process Orchestration Layer, wird für die Sicherheitsorchestrierung der Begriff des functional Safety Orchestration Layer vorgeschlagen. Zur Reduktion des damit einhergehenden Engi­neering-Aufwandes werden eine Kommunikationsarchitektur konzipiert, Varianten zur Vereinfachung des Safety-Engineerings beleuchtet sowie die Implementierung einer serviceorientierten Kommunikation über sogenannte Safety-Services integriert. Diese Aspekte sollen in einem Safety-MTP zusammengeführt werden. Abschließend wird die hardwaretechnische Um­setzung eines intermodularen Safety Integrated System beschrieben und anhand eines einfachen Demonstrators validiert.
Sigorta Sektöründe Sahte Hasarların Tahmini İçin Geliştirilen Makine Öğrenmesi Modellerinin Kıyaslanması
Authors: ŞAHİN Özgür Erkut , AYVAZ Serkan , ÇALIMFİDAN Engin
Published: October 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, sigorta sektöründe kasko sigortası için sahte hasarların tespitinde hasar dosyası incelemelerine yardımcı olabilecek makine öğrenmesi modelleri geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada özel bir sigorta şirketinin kasko sigortasına ait hasar verileri kullanılmıştır. Model oluşturulmasında k-en yakın komşuluk, karar ağaçları, lojistik regresyon, yapay sinir ağ algoritmaları denenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda makine öğrenimi yöntemlerinin kullanımının suistimali hasarların tespiti için hasar ekiplerine ve sigorta şirketlerine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Economic and Cultural Life of the Czech Migrants of Volhynian Province in the Late 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors: Melnychuk Melnychuk , Sulimenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

The article explores the main aspects of Czech economic activity in the territory of Volhyn. Particular attention is paid to the formation of agriculture, the acquisition of land by the colonists, their agriculture and industry. The article highlights the peculiarities of Czech people cultural life in the region at the end of XIX – beginning of XX century. It is noted that the most favorable conditions for Czech emigration were created in the Volhynian province, where after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the unsuccessful Polish uprising in 1863, the Czechs were able to buy land at relatively cheap prices. The article shows the tsarist government’s policy towards the settlers, which he endorsed and supported in order to weaken the influence of the Polish nobility and raise the economic level of the province.

It is noted that the Czech settlers were interested in local Polish landlords, who were devastated for various reasons and were considered to be real buyers of their land. The article chronologically indicates their regions of residence in the Volyn province counties. The study shows the difficulties faced by migrants in their first years of residence on new territory and ways to overcome them. It is noted that the tsarist administration saw in the Czechs the bearers of Western European progress, because they were distinguished by a high level of agro-culture. The article examines the tsarist government’s study of the quantitative and qualitative state of life of the Czechs in the province, and points to the authorities’ conclusion that the settlers were wealthy compared to Ukrainian peasants.

For the first time on the basis of archival documents, the study analyzed the number of Czechs and the amount of land they purchased for private ownership in each township and in general in the Volhynian province counties. It was concluded that the largest number of Czechs lived in Dubna County, where on average there were 1,45 des. of land per person, and in general in the province there were 1,6 des. of land per person. It is noted that during the Stolypin agrarian reform, the Czechs began to migrate from the agrarian-populated Volhynian province to other regions of the empire.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of Czechs’ economic activity during the reform period, the creation of exemplary farms and cutting farms. Based on individual field studies, the value of Czech living in the region is shown.
Some Trends in the Development of the Russian Legislation System in the Conditions of Crisis
Authors: Kornev A. V.
Published: October 2020

The paper investigates the range of factors and circumstances that will determine the vector of development of the system of law and the system of legislation of the Russian Federation, and the legal system as a whole. The author demonstrates the conditionality of law as a universal social regulator of the processes that occur in various segments of the society, primarily in the economy. For this reason, the paper is devoted to factors that are not associated with law. First, the paper deals with the pandemic issues that have obviously destroyed conventional forms of existence both at national and international levels. In this regard, the country’s earlier development guidelines, which are reflected in economic, political and legal doctrines, are called into question. First, this applies to the economic system that has developed in the course of the reforms of the last 20—30 years, which have effectively led to the deindustrialization of the country and technological retardation that is difficult to overcome. It is suggested that implementation of a global economic project should be curtailed and that States should primarily focus on meeting the needs of the domestic market. In this regard, the issue of transforming the legal system in the context of a new reality will inevitably arise.
Legal Risks of Digitalization of Public Administration
Authors: Zubarev S. M.
Published: October 2020

The paper is devoted to the examination of the concepts of “digitalization,” “digital transformation” and interrelationship between the concepts at issue with the concepts of “informatization” and “robotization.” The author provides his own interpretation of the concept “digitalization of public administration” and defines it as the process of introduction of digital technologies to the work of state bodies, which allows them to carry out qualitative transformation in the implementation of public functions and provision of public services, and to ensure effective interaction between citizens and the State. At the same time, digital transformation implies specific socially significant results appearing due to the application of digital technologies in public administration. The author substantiates such an approach when digitalization is seen as a public administration solution and defines legal risks, namely: a large number of simultaneously acting documents that have different states and regulate digitalization of public administration; lack of uniformity of tasks, objectives and measures aimed at achieving them in the fundamental documents. Such fundamental documents include: ”Digital State (IT State)” Subprogram and the federal project “Digital Public Administration.” The paper also describes serious deficiencies in the structure and contents of the passport of the federal project under consideration.
Main Trends in the Development of Information and Communication Systems of Public Administration Decision Making
Authors: Sarian W. K. , Levashov V. K.
Published: October 2020

In the conditions of increasing legal and sociotechnological problems of the convergent information and communication environment, IT security of the State acquires strategic importance. Inaccurate information about the processes taking place in the society constitutes the apparatus of the information sphere of the society and can influence adoption of decisions made in the field of public administration. Dysfunctions of the institutions and media of mass media and communication are increasing, methods of mass information manipulation are actively applied, which adversely affects both making decisions in the field of public administration and implementing one of the main functions of interaction between the society and the state, namely: receiving and providing public information services by citizens. There is an urgent need for the formation of the state system of administration of security and reliability of information services provided to citizens. This is particularly relevant for emergency situations where the life and health of citizens are at risk.
Application of Distributed Ledger Technology for Settlements by Letters of Credit
Authors: Efimova L. G.
Published: October 2020

The paper carries out a legal analysis of three models of settlements by letters of credit with the use of distributed ledger technology. First, this refers to the model of settlements that uses blockchain as a way of transferring documents under the letter of credit. Second, the author investigates the model of settlements where two smart contracts are used. In the author’s view, such smart contracts should be seen as a way of executing the contracts that, in practice, form the settlement procedure with the use of letters of credit. Third, the most interesting is the settlement model where the payer and the recipient of funds (payee) enter into one smart contract that provides non-cash settlements between them with the use of the P2P service. There is no financial intermediary that organizes non-cash settlements in this settlement model. This difference makes it possible to conclude that settlements similar to settlements with the use of letters by credit via blockchain technology and carried out on the principle of P2P, should be considered as a new form of non-cash settlements. The peculiarity of this form of non-cash settlements is the opportunity given to direct participants of the settlement to fulfil their monetary obligations without using cash and without any assistance of financial intermediaries.