bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors: Bruchajzer Elżbieta , Frydrych Barbara , Szymańska Jadwiga
Published: September 2020

Kwas nitrylotrioctowy (NTA) i jego sole sodowe to białe ciała stałe, bez zapachu. NTA słabo rozpuszcza się w wodzie, w przeciwieństwie do jego soli trisodowej (Na3NTA), (najczęściej produkowanej i stosowanej). Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole (głównie Na3NTA) mają właściwości chelatujące i są stosowane jako zamienniki EDTA i wypełniacze w środkach czyszczących, wybielających i dezynfekujących.
Na podstawie zgłoszonych do ECHA zidentyfikowanych zastosowań NTA i jego sole zaliczono do TOP 50 substancji rakotwórczych.
Narażenie ludzi na NTA i jego sole może być związane z ich produkcją, przetwarzaniem i stosowaniem. W ekspozycji zawodowej największe stężenia NTA mieściły się w zakresie 0,24 ÷ 3,7 mg/m3. U ludzi nie notowano wtedy żadnych objawów działania toksycznego związku. W Polsce nie ma danych dotyczących narażenia ludzi na NTA i jego sole.
Sól trisodową kwasu nitrylotrioctowego zaliczono do kategorii 4 toksyczności ostrej, dla której wartość DL50 po podaniu dożołądkowym mieści się w granicach 1 300 ÷ 1 600 mg/kg mc. (u szczurów).
Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole nie działają drażniąco i uczulająco.
Narządem krytycznym działania NTA i jego soli u zwierząt są nerki. W toksyczności przewlekłej narażenie szczurów na stężenia 0,03 ÷ 1% Na3NTA w paszy powodowało objawy uszkodzenia nerek, a po stężeniach 1,5 ÷ 2% w paszy stwierdzono nowotwory układu moczowego.
W IARC zaliczono NTA i jego sole do grupy 2B (czynniki przypuszczalnie rakotwórcze dla ludzi), a Unia Europejska zakwalifikowała Na3NTA do kategorii 2 z przypisem „H351 – podejrzewa się, że powoduje raka” i adnotacją „przy stężeniach > 5%”.
Nie ma wiarygodnych dowodów na mutagenność NTA i jego soli.
Kwas nitrylotrioctowy bardzo szybko wchłania się do organizmu, osiągając największe stężenia po 1 ÷ 2 h, z okresem półtrwania ok. 3 h. Wydala się głównie w postaci niezmienionej.
Mechanizm działania toksycznego NTA jest związany z zaburzeniami w poziomie niektórych pierwiastków w nerkach, co prowadzi do uszkodzeń komórek, procesów proliferacyjnych i powstawania nowotworów pochodzenia nabłonkowego w układzie moczowym.
Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole nasilają rakotwórcze działanie nitrozoamin w nerkach.
Podstawą do ustalenia wartości NDS dla NTA były doświadczenia wykonane na zwierzętach, w których stwierdzono, że NTA i jego sole działają toksycznie na nerki (narząd krytyczny). Za wartość NDS przyjęto stężenie 3 mg/m3. Nie ma podstaw do wyznaczenia najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) oraz dopuszczalnego stężenia w materiale biologicznym (DSB).
Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA DE PERFIS DE AÇO FORMADOS A FRIO EM SEÇÃO “I” CONSTITUÍDA POR DUPLO “U” SUBMETIDOS À COMPRESSÃO
Authors: Macedo Gabriel Cintra , Maia Wanderson Fernando
Published: September 2020

Although the section “I”, in double channel, is widely used, there are few studies on its behavior. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to a greater mastery over the structural behavior of this built-up sections. A nonlinear numerical analysis was performed using the Finite Element Method in the Ansys program, using existing experimental studies as a comparative database. The effect of length, number of connections, plate thickness and the presence of geometric and material imperfections on the normal strength of the columns. For this analysis, it was essential to consider the initial geometric imperfections, because there was a considerable reduction in the normal strength of the columns, thus getting closer to the values obtained experimentally. With regard to normative procedures, values against security were found in most cases, showing the need to conduct further studies in the area for the development of more appropriate formulations.
Ensino Remoto Desenvolvido em Escolas Indígenas Potiguara da Paraíba
Authors: Gomes Leonardo Cinésio , Gomes Iranilda Cinésio
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade socializar para a comunidade acadêmica a importância da educação diferenciada para os povos indígenas e os impactos sofridos nesta educação com o isolamento social causado pela pandemia decorrente do novo corona vírus Covid-19, com foco nos Povos Potiguara da Paraíba, as escolas indígenas lutam por sua autonomia. Essas escolas atuam com ensino diferenciado, essas escolas têm seu publico alvo indígenas. Como metodologia optou-se por estudo de caso e pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa. Os desafios da inclusão digital nas escolas indígenas são grandes, e com o isolamento social e o ensino remoto a distância se fez necessário. As escolas, professores e estudantes não estavam preparados para esse desafio, todos tiveram que se reinventar, para superar mais esse desafio.
Multimodal Pharmacological Analgesia in Pain Management
Authors: Paladini Antonella , Varrassi Giustino
Published: September 2020

The knowledge of the pathophysiology of pain has gradually evolved in recent years, allowing the development of new management strategies, more specifically addressing single pain types and patient profiles. Despite these advancements, pain management still remains an open issue, given the limitations of single agent therapies, the potential abuse/misuse of opioids and the risk of adverse events. The advent of multimodal analgesic strategies paves the way for major improvements in pain management, combining increased efficacy with better tolerability and an opioid-sparing effect. The association of analgesics with different mechanisms of action represents a successful strategy for a wide range of pain conditions, minimizing side effects and taking advantage of the additive or synergistic actions of individual agents. Last but not least, the increasing availability of oral fixed-dose combinations of analgesics will offer further advantages over extemporaneous combinations, by increasing ease of administration and patient adherence to treatment.
Apropiación territorial y construcción de identidad colectiva frente al despojo de recursos. el caso del geoparque mundial mixteca alta, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Orozco López Efrén
Published: September 2020

Una discusión reciente en México es la posesión territorial. Este artículo comprende cuatro apartados que discuten tal fenómeno. El primero refiere al despojo como proceso histórico que se da por la disputa de recursos naturales, se ejemplifican dos casos de México y se plantean a los geoparques mundiales como alternativas de apropiación territorial de comunidades originarias. El segundo analiza fundamentos de los geoparques, y su situación en Latinoamérica, especificando al Geoparque Mundial Mixteca Alta (GMA). El tercero aborda la Educación Popular como paradigma de análisis, enfatizando al taller como herramienta de reflexión y acción en temas como la defensa del territorio. finalmente se da cuenta de dos talleres realizados a guías del GMA y los resultados referentes a la apropiación territorial. An actual discussion in Mexico has been the possession of land by the indigenous communities. The article is organized into four sections. The first refers to territorial evictions as a relevant historical process in Latin America due to the dispute over natural resources. In this same section the attention is focused in two cases of the activities developed in two mexican indigenous lands and the importance of the existence of geoparks as an alternative to land possession. The second section analyzes the characteristics of geoparks, their situation in Latin America, particularly in the case of the Mixtec World Geopark (GMA) in Mexico. The third part refers to methodologies that are based on Popular Education. It emphasizes the implementation of workshops as a tool that intends to generate reflection and action on issues such as the defense of the communal land. The final section represents the testimonies of two workshops conducted with GMA guides and their results regarding territorial management and property.
Characterization of 3-Dimensional Printing and Casting Materials for use
in Computed Tomography and X-ray Imaging Phantoms
Authors: Yunker B. E. , Holmgren A. , Stupic K. F. , Wagner J. L. , Huddle S. , Shandas R. , Weir R. F. , Keenan K. E. , Garboczi E. , Russek S. E.
Published: September 2020

Imaging phantoms are used to calibrate and validate the performance of medical
computed tomography (CT) systems. Many new materials developed for three-dimensional
(3D) printing processes may be useful in the direct printing or casting of biomimetic
and geometrically accurate CT and X-ray phantoms. The X-ray linear attenuation
coefficients of polymer samples were measured to discover materials for use as tissue
mimics in phantoms. This study included a cohort of polymer compounds that were tested
in cured form. The cohort consisted of 101 standardized polymer samples fabricated from:
two-part silicones and polyurethanes used in commercial casting processes; one-part
optically cured polyurethanes used in 3D printing; and fused deposition thermoplastics
used in 3D printing. The testing was performed with a commercial micro-CT imaging system
from 40 kVp to 140 kVp. The X-ray linear coefficients of the samples and human tissues
were plotted with error bars to allow the reader to identify suitable mimics. The X-ray
linear attenuation coefficients of the tested material samples spanned a wide range of
values, with a small number of them overlapping established human tissue mimic values.
Twenty 3D printer materials and one castable polyurethane tracked nylon and polymethyl
methacrylate (PMMA) as established X-ray mimics for fat. Five 3D printer materials
tracked water as an established X-ray mimic for muscle.
Avatar 'n' Andy
Authors: Miletic Philip
Published: September 2020

Despite recent criticisms that call out blackface in video game voice acting, the term “blackface” was and still is seldomly used to describe the act of casting white voice actors as characters of colour. As a result, the act of blackface in video game voice acting still occurs because of colorblind claims surrounding the digital medium and culture of games. In this paper, I position blackface in video game voice acting within a technological and cultural history of oral blackface and white sonic norms. I focus on three time periods: the Intellivision Intellivoice and the invention of a "universal" voice in video games; early American radio in the 1920s-1930s and the national standardization of voice; and colorblind rhetoric of contemporary game publishers/devs and voice actors.
Memory, Autofiction, and Identity in Video Games: The Case of Looking Back. An Interview with Kristopher Poulin-Thibault
Authors: Poirier-Poulin Samuel
Published: September 2020

Indie developer Kristopher Poulin-Thibault speaks with Samuel Poirier-Poulin (no relation) about the creation of the video game Looking Back. The interview starts with a brief discussion about the RPG genre and quickly moves toward a broader discussion about autofiction, trauma, time, memory, retro games, and language. Poulin-Thibault reflects on the interconnectedness of these topics and their influence on identity construction.
Ambient Play
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Richardson Ingrid
Published: September 2020

How mobile games are part of our day-to-day lives and the ways we interact across digital, material, and social landscapes.

We often play games on our mobile devices when we have some time to kill—waiting in line, pausing between tasks, stuck on a bus. We play in solitude or in company, alone in a bedroom or with others in the family room. In Ambient Play, Larissa Hjorth and Ingrid Richardson examine how mobile gameplay fits into our day-to-day lives. They show that as mobile games spread across different genres, platforms, practices, and contexts, they become an important way of experiencing and navigating a digitally saturated world. Mobile games become conduits for what the authors call ambient play, pervading much of our social and communicative terrain. We become digital wayfarers, moving constantly among digital, materiall, and social worlds.

Hjorth and Richardson explore how households are transformed by media—how idiosyncratic media use can alter the spatial composition and emotional cadence of the home. They show how mobile games connect domestic forms of play with more public forms of playfulness in urban spaces, how collaborative play (both networked and face-to-face) is incorporated into private and public play, and how touchscreens and haptic play emphasize the perception of the moving body. Hjorth and Richardson invite us to think of mobile gaming as more than a “casual” distraction but as a complex cultural practice embedded into our contemporary ways of being, knowing, and communicating.
Performance of a deep learning based neural network in the selection of human blastocysts for implantation
Authors: Bormann Charles L , Kanakasabapathy Manoj Kumar , Thirumalaraju Prudhvi , Gupta Raghav , Pooniwala Rohan , Kandula Hemanth , Hariton Eduardo , Souter Irene , Dimitriadis Irene , Ramirez Leslie B , Curchoe Carol L , Swain Jason , Boehnlein Lynn M , Shafiee Hadi
Published: September 2020

Deep learning in in vitro fertilization is currently being evaluated in the development of assistive tools for the determination of transfer order and implantation potential using time-lapse data collected through expensive imaging hardware. Assistive tools and algorithms that can work with static images, however, can help in improving the access to care by enabling their use with images acquired from traditional microscopes that are available to virtually all fertility centers. Here, we evaluated the use of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), trained using single timepoint images of embryos collected at 113 hr post-insemination, in embryo selection amongst 97 clinical patient cohorts (742 embryos) and observed an accuracy of 90% in choosing the highest quality embryo available. Furthermore, a CNN trained to assess an embryo’s implantation potential directly using a set of 97 euploid embryos capable of implantation outperformed 15 trained embryologists (75.26% vs. 67.35%, p<0.0001) from five different fertility centers.
Mutational resilience of antiviral restriction favors primate TRIM5α in host-virus evolutionary arms races
Authors: Tenthorey Jeannette L , Young Candice , Sodeinde Afeez , Emerman Michael , Malik Harmit S
Published: September 2020

Host antiviral proteins engage in evolutionary arms races with viruses, in which both sides rapidly evolve at interaction interfaces to gain or evade immune defense. For example, primate TRIM5α uses its rapidly evolving ‘v1’ loop to bind retroviral capsids, and single mutations in this loop can dramatically improve retroviral restriction. However, it is unknown whether such gains of viral restriction are rare, or if they incur loss of pre-existing function against other viruses. Using deep mutational scanning, we comprehensively measured how single mutations in the TRIM5α v1 loop affect restriction of divergent retroviruses. Unexpectedly, we found that the majority of mutations increase weak antiviral function. Moreover, most random mutations do not disrupt potent viral restriction, even when it is newly acquired via a single adaptive substitution. Our results indicate that TRIM5α’s adaptive landscape is remarkably broad and mutationally resilient, maximizing its chances of success in evolutionary arms races with retroviruses.
Effects of different ablation points of renal denervation on the efficacy of resistant hypertension
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Ling-Yan , Xiao Rong-Xue , Zhang Ting-Chuan , Liu Zong-Jun , Gao Jun-Qing
Published: September 2020

Objective

To explore the blood pressure response to different ablation points of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant hypertension

Methods

A total of 42 cases with resistant hypertension treated by RDN in our center from 2013 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different ablation points of RDN: the standard treatment group (spiral ablation from near to proximal, with less than 8 points per artery) and the intensive treatment group (from near to far by spiral ablation, with at least 8 points per artery), with 21 patients in each group. The ablation parameters, including points, impedance, actual wattage, and actual temperature, were recorded intraoperatively. Renal angiography was performed again after RDN. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) images were taken for all patients at the baseline and 6 months after operation.

Results

The mean 24-h blood pressure of the standard treatment group was lower than that of the baseline (24-h systolic blood pressure decreased by 7.4 ± 10.6 mmHg and 24-h diastolic blood pressure decreased by 4.6  ± 6.1 mmHg), and the mean 24-h blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline to 6 months in the intensive treatment group (24–h systolic blood pressure decreased by 27.4 ±  11.4 mmHg, P < 0.0001; 24–h diastolic blood pressure decreased by 10.9 ±  9.6 mmHg, P = 0.005). There was a positive correlation between the decrease of systolic/diastolic 24-hour mean and the number of ablation points used in the procedure. The mean value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with ablation points at 24-hour (R2 = 0.777 and 0.633 respectively, P < 0.01). There were no adverse events in either group after the operation and during the follow-up.

Conclusions

RDN could significantly reduce BP in patients with resistant hypertension. Our study showed that the antihypertensive effect appeared to be positively correlated with the number of ablation points.
Integrated analysis of the transcriptome-wide m6A methylome in preeclampsia and healthy control placentas
Authors: Wang Jin , Gao Fengchun , Zhao Xiaohan , Cai Yan , Jin Hua
Published: September 2020

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA and potential regulatory functions of m6A have been shown by mapping the RNA m6A modification landscape. m6A modification in active gene regulation manifests itself as altered methylation profiles. The number of reports regarding to the profiling of m6A modification and its potential role in the placenta of preeclampsia (PE) is small. In this work, placental samples were collected from PE and control patients. Expression of m6A-related genes was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq were performed to detect m6A methylation and mRNA expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were also conducted to explore the modified genes and their clinical significance. Our findings show that METTL3 and METTL14 were up-regulated in PE. In total, 685 m6A peaks were differentially expressed as determined by MeRIP-seq. Altered peaks of m6A-modified transcripts were primarily associated with nitrogen compound metabolic process, positive regulation of vascular-associated smooth muscle cell migration, and endoplasmic reticulum organisation. The m6A hyper-methylated genes of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, mTOR signalling pathway, and several cancer-related pathways may contribute to PE. We also verified that the significant increase of HSPA1A mRNA and protein expression was regulated by m6A modification, suggesting m6A plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression. Our data provide novel information regarding m6A modification alterations in PE and help our understanding of the pathogenesis of PE.
Bacterial pollution indicators associated in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Ashtamudi lake, a Ramsar site of Kerala, India
Authors: Lakshmi Jyothy , Nandakumar S. , Kumar M.G. Sanal
Published: September 2020

Fishes are continuously exposed to the microorganisms present in water and in the sediment. The present study was attempted to screen the pollution indicator bacteria in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Kureepuzha Backwater, a part of Ashtamudi Lake. Total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci were enumerated from the fish tissues using standard microbiological procedures. Comparison of bacterial count in the skin, gill and gut of Mugil cephalus revealed that highest count of indicator microbes were found in the skin followed by the gill and gut of fish from all sites except site 4. Fishes from site 4, they show bacteria predominantly in the gut. Two way Anova showed a significant difference in microbial count between sites and between tissues except Total heterotrophic bacteria and fecal streptococci between sites. Results of physico chemical parameters also supports that the anthropogenic activities accumulated in the study area, causing the disruption of hydrological quality of Lake and thus increases the load of detrimental microorganisms. Hence it is recommended that good processing of fish such as washing, scraping scales, removal of gills and gut contents and proper cooking help to reduce microbial pathogen in fish body and make it safe for consumption.
Nanotechnology, a Revolutionary Technique in the Food Industry: Systematic Review
Authors: Suthar Tejas R , Gavane Abhishek B , Shah Akshay Y , Devkatte Anupama N
Published: September 2020

Nanotechnology has a great role in food industry in terms of processing, packaging, preservation and storage. Nanotechnology provides a wide variety of possibilities in food industry applications. Nanotechnology is now leading in the main field of food industry with the development of other technologies. Usage of nanoencapsulation technique to use the bioactive compound for successful delivery. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables the control of flavour release during processing and storage at the desired time and the prevention of flavour degradation. The use of nano biosensors in packaging technique that definitely detects harmful components in food, pathogen identification, changes in food characteristics and food quality. Nonetheless, there is no question that nanotechnology is making a significant contribution to the newly developed advanced technique but safety is also a major concern, when it comes to the use of this technique in food industry, growth and protection should be pushed in parallel to the overall progress of the food industry and consumers.
Study on Consumer Buying Behavior, Awareness and Preference for A2 Milk in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Mounika Vadapally , Kumar B. Ganesh , Seema . , Supriya K.
Published: September 2020

Now-a-days almost all trending milk start-ups were following the principles and practices of age-old people. Indians were known to consume the desi milk since ages which is categorized as A2 milk. The concept of A2 milk has again trended when people started realizing the benefits of A2 milk, so market for A2 milk is also increasing rapidly. Around 10 A2 milk firms have emerged over the last 5 years in Hyderabad city, Hence, the study taken up to study consumer buying behaviour, awareness and preference of A2 milk in Hyderabad, Telangana state from January-March 2020. The 120 consumers were selected randomly from segmented areas of selected firms in the study area. Percentages, Chi-square test and factor analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that majority of the consumers are well educated, middle aged people having more than 8lakhs annual income. Majority of the consumers were aware about A2 milk consumption increases brain function and A2 milk is a good measure for Type-I diabetes majorly through word-of-mouth and social media. Product quality, product attributes, health benefits, easy accessibility and word of mouth are the five factors which influencing the consumers to purchase A2 milk. Majority of the consumers were purchasing 3-7 litres/week of A2 milk on alternate day and depended upon home delivery for their regular purchase of A2 milk. Family size and annual income of the family had a significant association in determining the quantity of purchase of A2 milk.
Antimicrobial Efficacy, Secondary Metabolite Constituents, Ligand Docking of Enantia chlorantha on Selected Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Abike Thonda Oluwakemi , Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Modupe Aladejana Oluwatoyin , Adenike Ajadi Fatima , Atinuke Akinyemi R.
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy of Enantia chlorantha on multidrug resistance microorganisms.And also to study the interaction of plant secondary metabolite (phytochemicals) from Enantia chlorantha with three proteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. chlorantha (leaf and stem bark) against selected microorganisms was done using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined using standard methods. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha were also determined. The molecular docking was determined using in-silico techniques and was elucidated. Protein generation, Ligand generation and Ligand Docking using GLIDE were determined. Standard precision (SP) flexible ligand docking was carried out in Glide of Schrödinger-Maestro 11.1 and the extra-precision (XP) mode. The crude extracts tested showed antimicrobial activities against all the test bacterial and fungal isolates for the stem bark extract while the leaf extract showed antimicrobial activities against some of the isolates with little differences. The zones of inhibition ranges between 9mm-24mm at 100mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 10mm-13mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at which the isolates were sensitive to the various extracts differed and the MIC values ranged from 12.5mg/ml to 100mg/ml while the MBC for the organisms ranged from 25mg/ml to 100mg/ml.The qualitative phytochemical screening of Enantia chlorantha leaf and stem bark revealed the presence of medicinally active constituent such as cardiac glycoside, steroids, anthraquinone,tannin, saponin, phenol, and reducing sugar. The quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha stem bark and leaf using different solvents, showed the presence of different phytoconstituents in different quantities. Molecular docking results revealed some components of the plant to be more active compared to levofloxacin by inhibiting topoisomerase IV. Jartrorrhizine-1 and canadine-1 present in Enantia chlorantha have docking scores of -2.267 and -1.625 respectively which are greater than that of levofloxacin (-1.557) against Salmonella typhi. For Staphylococcus aureus, Argentine.sdf (-7.373) and Jartrorrhizine.sdf (-4.225) have high docking scores compared to Levofloxacin.sdf (-3.436) as well as Candida albican.The promising evidence for the antimicrobial effects of E. chlorantha against bacterial and fungal isolates in this study especially the stem bark extract showed that Enantia chlorantha is more effective at treating diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and other organisms and therefore can be used as an alternative source of therapeutic agents.
Implementation of the plasma MYCN/NAGK ratio to detect MYCN amplification in patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Su Yan , Wang Lijun , Zhao Qian , Yue Zhixia , Zhao Wen , Wang Xisi , Duan Chao , Jin Mei , Zhang Dawei , Chen Shenglan , Yin Jianfeng , Qiu Lihua , Cheng Xianfeng , Xu Zhong , Ma Xiaoli
Published: September 2020

Detection of amplification of the MYCN gene is essential for determining optimal treatment and estimating prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma (NB). DNA FISH with neuroblastoma tissues or patient‐derived bone marrow cells is the standard clinical practice for the detection of MYCN amplification. As tumor cells may often be unavailable, we developed a method to detect MYCN amplification in the plasma of patients with neuroblastoma. Taking single‐copy NAGK DNA as reference, we used real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine the MYCN/NAGK ratio in the plasma of 115 patients diagnosed with NB. An increased MYCN/NAGK ratio in the plasma was consistent with MYCN amplification as assessed by DNA FISH. The AUC for a MYCN/NAGK ratio equal to 6.965 was 0.943, with 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Beyond the threshold of 6.965, the MYCN/NAGK ratio correlated with a heavier tumor burden. Event‐free and overall survival of two years were significantly shortened in stage 4 patients with a MYCN/NAGK ratio higher than 6.965. Plasma MYCN/NAGK ratios increased in patients with progressive disease and relapse. Thus, we conclude that the determination of the plasma MYCN/NAGK ratio by qPCR is a noninvasive and reproducible method to measure MYCN amplification in patients with NB.
Dual‐Gated MoS2 Memtransistor Crossbar Array
Authors: Lee Hong‐Sub , Sangwan Vinod K. , Rojas William A. Gaviria , Bergeron Hadallia , Jeong Hye Yun , Yuan Jiangtan , Su Katherine , Hersam Mark C.
Published: September 2020

Memristive systems offer biomimetic functions that are being actively explored for energy‐efficient neuromorphic circuits. In addition to providing ultimate geometric scaling limits, 2D semiconductors enable unique gate‐tunable responses including the recent realization of hybrid memristor and transistor devices known as memtransistors. In particular, monolayer MoS2 memtransistors exhibit nonvolatile memristive switching where the resistance of each state is modulated by a gate terminal. Here, further control over the memtransistor neuromorphic response through the introduction of a second gate terminal is gained. The resulting dual‐gated memtransistors allow tunability over the learning rate for non‐Hebbian training where the long‐term potentiation and depression synaptic behavior is dictated by gate biases during the reading and writing processes. Furthermore, the electrostatic control provided by dual gates provides a compact solution to the sneak current problem in traditional memristor crossbar arrays. In this manner, dual gating facilitates the full utilization and integration of memtransistor functionality in highly scaled crossbar circuits. Furthermore, the tunability of long‐term potentiation yields improved linearity and symmetry of weight update rules that are utilized in simulated artificial neural networks to achieve a 94% recognition rate of hand‐written digits.
Modification Engineering in SnO2 Electron Transport Layer toward Perovskite Solar Cells: Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Deng Kaimo , Chen Qinghua , Li Liang
Published: September 2020

The electron transport layer plays a key role in affecting the charge dynamics and photovoltaic parameters in perovskite solar cells. Compared to other counterparts, SnO2 has unique advantages such as low temperature fabrication and high electron extraction ability, and it receives extra attentions from the research community since the first report. Planar‐type perovskite solar cells based on SnO2 exhibit a simple architecture and state of art device can achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 23%, which can compete with traditional devices using mesoporous TiO2. The modification engineering of SnO2 has contributed significantly to the enhanced device performance during the past years. There is still great potential for further improvement in the efficiency and long‐term stability. Herein recent advances toward modifying the optoelectronic properties of SnO2 from the perspective of the optimization strategies are summarized and the remaining challenges as well as opportunities for future research are discussed. The continuous efforts dedicated to this exciting field may pave the way for developing commercial perovskite solar cells.
Progress Report on Property, Preparation, and Application of Bi2O2Se
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhang Jing , Ye Shuai , Song Jun , Qu Junle
Published: September 2020

The study of 2D materials has been a significant and fascinating area, at least since the discovery of graphene. As one of the layered bismuth oxychalcogenides, bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) has drawn a lot of attention recently. The study of Bi2O2Se was mainly focused on its thermoelectric performance until its ultrathin 2D structure came to the fore. New physical properties of Bi2O2Se were discovered along with the successful synthesis of 2D Bi2O2Se structures. Few‐layer Bi2O2Se exhibits ultrahigh mobility, outstanding stability, tunable bandgaps, and excellent mechanical properties, showing remarkable performance in electronics and optoelectronics. In this report, an overview of recent advances in Bi2O2Se research is provided, including structure/property modifications, synthetic methods, and practical applications. Theoretical and experimental results on bulk/few‐layer Bi2O2Se are both discussed in this report. Finally, the challenges and outlook for Bi2O2Se are evaluated based on current progress.
Enhancement of Triboelectric Charge Density by Chemical Functionalization
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Mo Jilong , Fu Qiu , Lu Yanxu , Zhang Ni , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: September 2020

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert energy in the surrounding environment to electricity. Therefore, in recent years, research related to TENGs has significantly increased owing to its simple and low‐cost manufacturing process, high portability, and high efficiency. The principle of the TENG lies in the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Its output performance is directly proportional to the square of the surface charge density, which is related to friction materials. To increase the output power of a TENG and continuously provide electricity for other electronic equipment, many scholars have conducted detailed studies on the triboelectric properties of materials. Particularly, there has been research interest in the chemical functionalization of TENGs due to their unique advantages, such as high triboelectric charge density, durability, stability, and self‐cleaning properties. This Progress Report highlights the research progress in chemical modification methods for improving the charge density of TENGs, and classifies their modification methods according to their mechanisms. The effects of chemical reaction, surface chemical treatment, and chemical substance doping on the output performance of TENGs are systematically elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of chemically modified TENG in self‐powered sensors and emerging fields, including wearable electronic devices, human‐machine interfaces, and implantable electronic devices, are introduced. Lastly, the challenges faced in the future developments of chemical modification methods are discussed, thereby guiding researchers to the use of chemical modification methods for the improvement of charge density for further exploration.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Group 3 and 4 Metals
Authors: Feng Liang , Pang Jiandong , She Ping , Li Jia‐Luo , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Du Dong‐Ying , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: September 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on group 3 and 4 metals are considered as the most promising MOFs for varying practical applications including water adsorption, carbon conversion, and biomedical applications. The relatively strong coordination bonds and versatile coordination modes within these MOFs endow the framework with high chemical stability, diverse structures and topologies, and interesting properties and functions. Herein, the significant progress made on this series of MOFs since 2018 is summarized and an update on the current status and future trends on the structural design of robust MOFs with high connectivity is provided. Cluster chemistry involving Y, lanthanides (Ln, from La to Lu), actinides (An, from Ac to Lr), Ti, and Zr is initially introduced. This is followed by a review of recently developed MOFs based on group 3 and 4 metals with their structures discussed based on the types of inorganic or organic building blocks. The novel properties and arising applications of these MOFs in catalysis, adsorption and separation, delivery, and sensing are highlighted. Overall, this review is expected to provide a timely summary on MOFs based on group 3 and 4 metals, which shall guide the future discovery and development of stable and functional MOFs for practical applications.
Haploidentical vs matched unrelated donor transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in remission: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Cho Byung‐Sik , Min Gi‐June , Park Silvia , Park Sung‐Soo , Shin Seung‐Hwan , Yahng Seung‐Ah , Jeon Young‐Woo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Jong Wook , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Hee‐Je
Published: September 2020

Despite comparable outcomes of haploidentical transplants (Haplo‐HSCT) with HLA‐matched unrelated transplants (MUD‐HSCT) in retrospective comparisons, few studies have prospectively compared Haplo‐HSCT with MUD‐HSCT in AML. Here, we prospectively compared the outcomes of Haplo‐HSCT with MUD‐HSCT for AML in remission (n = 110) to prove non‐inferiority of overall survival in Haplo‐HSCT. Both groups were well balanced in factors related to biological features of AML and measurable residual disease (MRD) status by Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) assay. A unique, reduced‐toxicity preparative regimen was used for Haplo‐HSCT, whereas mostly‐myeloablative regimen was for MUD‐HSCT. Both groups showed similar patterns of neutrophil and platelet recovery, whereas delayed T‐cell reconstitution in Haplo‐HSCT was found compared with MUD‐HSCT. No significant differences were found in acute or chronic graft‐vs‐host‐disease (GVHD) and post‐transplant infectious events with an exception of EBV or CMV infection, which occurred more frequently in Haplo‐HSCT. After a median follow‐up of 47 months, no significant differences in overall survival (65% vs 54%, P = .146), disease‐free survival (67% vs 53%, P = .142), relapse (20% vs 21%, P = .858), non‐relapse mortality (14% vs 26%, P = .103), or GVHD‐free/relapse‐free survival (54% vs 41%, P = .138) were observed for Haplo‐HSCT vs MUD‐HSCT. In multivariate analysis, WT1 expression before transplantation independently predicted relapse, resulting in inferior survival. Separate analysis of unenrolled patients (n = 110) who were excluded or refused to participate in this study showed consistent results with enrolled patients. This prospective study demonstrated the non‐inferiority of Haplo‐HSCT to MUD‐HSCT for AML in remission, and validated the role of WT1 quantification as an MRD marker (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01751997).
Large Magnetic Anisotropy Energy and Robust Half‐Metallic Ferromagnetism in 2D MnXSe4 (X = As, Sb)
Authors: Hu Tengfei , Wan Wenhui , Li Yingmei , Ge Yanfeng , Zhang Kaicheng , Liu Yong
Published: September 2020

In recent years, intrinsic 2D magnetism has aroused great interest because of its potential application in spintronic devices. However, low Curie temperature (Tc) and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) limit its application prospects. Here, using first‐principles calculations based on density‐functional theory, a series of stable MnXSe4 (X=As, Sb) single‐layer is predicted. The MAE of single‐layer MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4 is 648.76 and 808.95 eV per Mn atom, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations suggest the Tc of single‐layer MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4 is 174 and 250 K, respectively. The energy band calculation with hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) function indicates the MnXSe4 (X = As, Sb) is ferromagnetic half‐metallic. Also, it has 100% spin‐polarization ratio at the Fermi level. For MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4, the spin‐gaps are 1.59 and 1.48 eV, respectively. These excellent magnetic properties render MnXSe4 (X = As, Sb) as promising candidate materials for 2D spintronic applications.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of biological activities of new 4′‐substituted ruthenium (II) terpyridine complexes: Prospective anti‐inflammatory properties
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Samir Safia , Shaker Yasser M. , Abdel‐Shafi Ayman A. , Sharmoukh Walid , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed S. , Abou‐El‐Sherbini Khaled S.
Published: September 2020

The synthesis and characterization of Ru (II) terpyridine complexes derived from 4′ functionalized 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tpy) ligands are reported. The heteroleptic complexes comprise the synthesized ligands 4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐ 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) or (4′‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and (dimethyl 5‐(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)isophthalate). The new complexes [Ru(4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)(5‐(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)‐isophthalic acid)Cl2] (9), [Ru(4′‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)(5‐(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)‐isophthalic acid)Cl2] (10), and [Ru(4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)(5‐(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)‐isophthalic acid)(NCS)2] (11) were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, C, H, N, and S elemental analysis, UPLC‐ESI‐MS, TGA, FT‐IR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The biological activities of the synthesized ligands and their Ru (II) complexes as anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents were evaluated. Furthermore, the toxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied and compared with the standard drugs, namely, diclofenac potassium and ibuprofen, using hemolysis assay. The results indicated that the ligands and the complex 9 possess superior anti‐inflammatory activities inhibiting albumin denaturation (89.88–100%) compared with the standard drugs (51.5–88.37%) at a concentration of 500 μg g−1. These activities were related to the presence of the chelating N‐atoms in the ligands and the exchangeable chloro‐ groups in the complex. Moreover, the chloro‐ and thiophene groups in complex 9 produce a higher anticancer activity compared with its isothiocyanate derivative in the complex 11 and the 3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl moiety in complex 10. Considering the toxicity results, the synthesized ligands are nontoxic or far less toxic compared with the standard drugs and the metal complexes. Therefore, these newly synthesized compounds are promising anti‐inflammatory agents in addition to their moderate unique broad antimicrobial activity.
Prevalence and severity of long‐term physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue across 15 different cancer entities
Authors: Schmidt Martina E. , Hermann Silke , Arndt Volker , Steindorf Karen
Published: September 2020

Background

Fatigue prevalence and severity have been assessed in a variety of studies, yet, not in a standardized way, and predominantly in breast cancer patients. Systematic, comparative investigations across a broad range of cancer entities are lacking.

Methods

The FiX study systematically enrolled 2244 cancer patients across 15 entities approximately 2 years after diagnosis. Fatigue was assessed with the multidimensional EORTC QLQ‐FA12 questionnaire. Physical, emotional, cognitive, and total fatigue were compared across entities and with normative values of the general population. Differences in patients' characteristics and cancer therapy between entities were taken into account using analyses of covariance models.

Results

Across all entities, mean physical fatigue levels were significantly higher than age‐ and sex‐matched means of the general population for all cancer entities (all Bonferroni‐Holm adjusted P < .01). For most entities also emotional and cognitive fatigue levels were significantly higher than normative values. Age‐ and sex‐standardized physical fatigue prevalence ranged from 31.8% among prostate to 51.7% among liver cancer patients. Differences between entities could not be fully explained by sex, age, BMI, or cancer therapy. Adjusted for these factors, mean physical fatigue was higher for stomach (P = .0004), lung (P = .034), kidney (P = .0011), pancreas (P = .081), and endometrium (P = .022) compared to breast cancer patients. Adjusted means of emotional fatigue were also lowest in breast cancer patients and significantly higher in stomach (P = .0047), bladder (P = .0036), and rectal (P = .0020) cancer patients.

Conclusions

Physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue is prevalent in all 15 investigated cancer entities even 2 years after diagnosis. Fatigue in breast cancer patients, the so‐far most studied group, is in the lowest range among all entities, suggesting that the extent of fatigue is still insufficiently determined. Entity‐specific problems might need to be considered in the treatment of fatigue.
The Identification of Anthocyanins from Padus racemosa and Its Protective Effects on H2O2‐Induced INS‐1 Cells Damage and STZ‐Induced Diabetes Mice
Authors: Liu Jianli , Tian Siqi , Xin Chong , Liu Jia , Wang Qiuyu , He Yin , Liu Meijia , Fu Mingyang , Yang Yang , Cao Xiangyu
Published: September 2020

Oxidative damage in cells induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a main factor in diabetes mellitus diseases progression. The composition of anthocyanins from Padus racemosa (APR) and the protective effects of APR on H2O2‐induced rat insulinoma (INS‐1) cells damage and streptozocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mice were investigated in this study. The main components of APR were cyanidin‐cyanidin glucosyl‐rutinoside, cyanidin‐cyanidin xylosyl‐rutinoside, cyanidin‐xylosyl‐glucoside and cyanidin‐rutinoside, which were determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC/MS). APR could scavenge the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical in vitro. ROS level was decreased and the cell viability was increased in INS‐1 cells after treated with APR. Cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 in INS‐1 cells was decreased after incubation with APR. APR could decrease the phosphorylation of p38 and the nuclear translocation of p65, which indicated that APR could inhibit the activation of p38 Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) cell signaling pathways. Meanwhile, APR could effectively reduce the blood glucose and blood lipid in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that APR might be a potential agent for diabetes mellitus diseases treatment.
Usefulness of oral anticoagulation in patients with coronary aneurysms: Insights from the CAAR registry
Authors: D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Saglietto Andrea , Ramakrishna Harish , Andreis Alessandro , Jiménez‐Mazuecos Jesús M. , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Cerrato Enrico , Liebetrau Christoph , Alfonso‐Rodríguez Emilio , Bagur Rodrigo , Alkhouli Mohamad , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Núñez‐Gil Iván J. ,   The CAAR Investigators
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To assess the Usefulness of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) in patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA).

Background

Data on the most adequate antithrombotic CAA management is lacking.

Methods

Patients included in CAAR (Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry, Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02563626) were selected. Patients were divided in OAT and non‐OAT groups, according to anticoagulation status at discharge and 2:1 propensity score matching with replacement was performed. The primary endpoint of the analysis was a composite and mutual exclusive endpoint of myocardial infarction, unstable angina (UA), and aneurysm thrombosis (coronary ischemic endpoint). Net adverse clinical events, major adverse cardiovascular events, their single components, cardiovascular death, re‐hospitalizations for heart failure, stroke, aneurysm thrombosis, and bleeding were the secondary ones.

Results

One thousand three hundred thirty‐one patients were discharged without OAT and 211 with OAT. In the propensity‐matched sample (390 patients in the non‐OAT group, 195 patients in the OAT group), after 3 years of median follow‐up (interquartile range 1–6 years), the rate of the primary endpoint (coronary ischemic endpoint) was significantly less in the OAT group as compared to non‐OAT group (8.7 vs. 17.2%, respectively; p = .01), driven by a significant reduction in UA (4.6 vs. 10%, p < .01) and aneurysm thrombosis (0 vs. 3.1%, p = .03), along with a non‐significant reduction in MI (4.1 vs. 7.7%, p = .13). A non‐significant increase in bleedings, mainly BARC type 1 (55%), was found in the OAT‐group (10.3% in the non‐OAT vs. 6.2% in the OAT group, p = .08).

Conclusion

OAT decreases the composite endpoint of UA, myocardial infarction, and aneurysm thrombosis in patients with CAA, despite a non‐significant higher risk of bleeding.