bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transaktionsomkostninger i frivillige sociale organisationer
Authors: Clausen Mads Roke
Published: November 2021

Stigende brug af målrettede sociale investeringer har medført en relevant forskningsmæssig interesse for transaktionsomkostninger i sociale indsatser. Men hovedparten af forskningen er præget af to udfordringer: Dels at analyserne oftest begrænser sig til offentlige indtægtskilder og således udelader private kilder, dels at transaktionsomkostningerne måles ud fra selvdeklarerede oplysninger om administrative omkostninger.

Denne artikel bidrager til forskningsfeltet på to måder. For det første med en analysemodel, der samler private og offentlige indtægtskilder i én model, hvilket giver en unik mulighed for at sammenligne transaktionsomkostningerne fra disse to kilder. For det andet måles transaktionsomkostninger ud fra den faktiske udvikling i antallet af administrative akademiske årsværk i organisationerne. Derved opnås også en bedre kobling til teorien på området, som fokuserer på netop administrative medarbejdere.

Artiklens datagrundlag udgøres af et paneldatasæt for perioden 2012-17 med regnskabsoplysninger om indtægter i de landsdækkende frivillige sociale organisationer samt registeroplysninger fra Danmarks Statistik om medarbejderes uddannelse og timetal i de samme organisationer. Det vises, at målrettede projektmidler fra private kilder medfører markant højere transaktionsomkostninger end både statslige projektmidler og faste offentlige bevillinger, og at mindre organisationer generelt har højere omkostninger ved at skaffe finansiering end større organisationer med stordriftsfordele.
Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
Authors: Svobodová Jana , Kreisinger Jakub , Gvoždíková Javůrková Veronika
Published: November 2021

Microbiome formation and assemblage are essential processes influencing proper embryonal and early-life development in neonates. In birds, transmission of microbes from the outer environment into the egg’s interior has been found to shape embryo viability and hatchling phenotype. However, microbial transmission may be affected by egg-white antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), whose concentration and antimicrobial action are temperature-modulated. As both partial incubation and clutch covering with nest-lining feathers during the pre-incubation period can significantly alter temperature conditions acting on eggs, we experimentally investigated the effects of these behavioural mechanisms on concentrations of both the primary and most abundant egg-white AMPs (lysozyme and avidin) using mallard (Anas platyrhychos) eggs. In addition, we assessed whether concentrations of egg-white AMPs altered the probability and intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration, thereby affecting hatchling morphological traits in vivo. We observed higher concentrations of lysozyme in partially incubated eggs. Clutch covering with nest-lining feathers had no effect on egg-white AMP concentration and we observed no association between concentration of egg-white lysozyme and avidin with either the probability or intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration. The higher egg-white lysozyme concentration was associated with decreased scaled body mass index of hatchlings. These outcomes demonstrate that incubation prior to clutch completion in precocial birds can alter concentrations of particular egg-white AMPs, though with no effect on bacterial transmission into the egg in vivo. Furthermore, a higher egg white lysozyme concentration compromised hatchling body condition, suggesting a potential growth-regulating role of lysozyme during embryogenesis in precocial birds.
Efficacy of Oral Bilastine in Comparison with Levocetirizine in Allergic Rhinitis- A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Vanitha M , Sowmini K , Kumari K Santha Sheela , Reddy Resu Neha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a heterogeneous disorder characterised by major symptoms like sneezing, itching, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Because of bothersome side effects of first-generation antihistaminic drugs, second generation antihistaminic drugs have been used since few years. Recent studies have showed that novel drug Bilastine has been approved as an effective treatment in Allergic rhinitis. Aim: To evaluate Total Nasal Symptom Scores (TNSS), Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Serum Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) in patients with allergic rhinitis, pre and post-treatment with Bilastine and Levocetirizine. Materials and Methods: A randomised, open-labelled, study was conducted between January 2020 to March 2020. Hundred patients with allergic rhinitis were enrolled into the study. They were randomised into two groups of which group A received tablet Bilastine 20 mg once daily for two weeks and group B received tablet Levocetirizine 5 mg once daily for two weeks. The results of TNSS, IgE, AEC and pre and post-treatment values were compared in both the treatment groups. Unpaired t-test was used as the test of significance between the two treatment groups. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the study was 49% in males and 51% in females. The mean difference in pre and post-treatment in TNSS (group A=1.627, group B=1.143), serum IgE (A=33.118, B=49.653), serum AEC (A=28.00, B=27.245) showed no statistically significant difference between two groups (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Bilastine and levocetirizine are equally efficacious. Though there is clinical significance in treatment of allergic rhinitis between the groups, there is no statistical significance which would prove Bilastine is clinically superior to Levocetirizine for the allergic rhinitis treatment.
Upcycle Limbah Kayu Palet Jati Belanda Menjadi Wadah Modular Serbaguna untuk Anak-Anak (Studi Kasus: Kota Surabaya)
Authors: Sutanto Jessica , Gede P Cok , E.D. Tedjokoesoemo Purnama
Published: November 2021

Anak-anak  memiliki  kebutuhan  yang  terus  meningkat  seperti  buku,  baju,  dan  sepatu.  Kebutuhan  yang  berbeda  dari  setiap  anak menyebabkan wadah yang sifatnya dapat ditambahkan sesuai kebutuhan serta memiliki fleksibilitas yang tinggi dapat dilihat sebagai solusi  yang  tepat.  Momot  sebagai  wadah  modular  dengan  memanfaatkan limbah palet Jati Belanda dihadirkan sebagai solusi atas masalah  di  atas.  Kayu  palet  Jati  Belanda  memiliki  carbon  footprint  lebih  kecil  dibanding  dengan  material lainnya seperti, plastik, logam, dan beton sehingga limbahnya dapat dimanfaatkan kembali tanpa merugikan lingkungan. Selain itu, sosialisasi green lifestyle dapat  dimulai  dari  usia  dini  yaitu,  usia  6-12  tahun  agar  anak  menjadi  lebih  peka  dan  bertanggung  jawab  terhadap  lingkungan. Pendekatan   pemanfaatan   limbah   yang   digunakan   dalam perancangan    ini    adalah    upcycle.    Proses    perancangannya menggunakan metode kualitatif yang berlangsung dalam enam tahap yaitu, discovery  -interpretation – ideation – experimentation – evolution - implementation. Perancangan mebel knockdown ini dibuat dalam bentuk modular dengan sambungan dasar mortise dan tenon.
Calsequestrin 2 overexpression in breast cancer increases tumorigenesis and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Lee Eun‐Shin , Yun Jihui , Ryu Han Suk , Kim Hong Kyu , Ju Young Wook , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Jong‐Il , Moon Hyeong‐Gon
Published: November 2021

The spatial tumor shape is determined by the complex interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified breast cancer‐related gene, calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2), in tumor–microenvironment interactions during tumor growth and metastasis. We analyzed gene expression and three‐dimensional tumor shape data from the breast cancer dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified CASQ2 as a potential regulator of tumor–microenvironment interaction. In TCGA breast cancer cases containing information of three‐dimensional tumor shapes, CASQ2 mRNA showed the highest correlation with the spatial tumor shapes. Furthermore, we investigated the expression pattern of CASQ2 in human breast cancer tissues. CASQ2 was not detected in breast cancer cell lines in vitro but was induced in the xenograft tumors and human breast cancer tissues. To evaluate the role of CASQ2, we established CASQ2‐overexpressing breast cancer cell lines for in vitro and in vivo experiments. CASQ2 overexpression in breast cancer cells resulted in a more aggressive phenotype and altered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in vitro. CASQ2 overexpression induced cancer‐associated fibroblast characteristics along with increased hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression in stromal fibroblasts. CASQ2 overexpression accelerated tumorigenesis, induced collagen structure remodeling, and increased distant metastasis in vivo. CASQ2 conferred more metaplastic features to triple‐negative breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that CASQ2 is a key regulator of breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by modulating diverse aspects of tumor–microenvironment interactions.
Why do habitual violent video game players believe in the cathartic effects of violent video games? A misinterpretation of mood improvement as a reduction in aggressive feelings
Authors: Kersten Riccarda , Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: November 2021

Previous research found that violent video game play leads to increased aggression, but many people (mainly habitual violent video game players) still believe that playing violent games releases aggressive feelings and in turn reduces aggressive behavior. Other research has shown that video game play can have a positive impact on the player's mood. Based on the General Aggression Model and mood management theory, we thus hypothesized that habitual violent video game players misinterpret their better mood after game play as a reduction of aggressive feelings and hence believe in the cathartic effects of violent video games. Two studies examined this reasoning in the player's natural habitat. Habitual video game players were surveyed multiple times for a period of 2 weeks before and after each gaming session. Results showed that playing video games improved the participant's mood, which in turn was positively associated with the belief in the cathartic effect of violent video game play. Importantly, this relation held when controlling for the player's actual level of aggressive feelings. Study 1 further showed that playing a violent game tended to lead to a higher level of reported aggressive feelings after playing. In contrast, in Study 2, level of reported aggressive feelings was not related to the violence of the game. Taken together, habitual violent video game players (erroneously) believe in the cathartic effects of violent video games, because they are in a better mood after playing.
An Autonomous Molecular Bioluminescent Reporter (AMBER) for Voltage Imaging in Freely Moving Animals
Authors: Srinivasan Prasanna , Griffin Nicole M , Thakur DhananjayP. , Joshi PradeepM. , Nguyen‐Le Alex , McCotter Sean , Jain Akshar , Saeidi Mitra , Kulkarni Prajakta , Eisdorfer Jaclyn T. , Rothman Joel H. , Montell Craig , Theogarajan Luke
Published: November 2021

Genetically encoded reporters have greatly increased our understanding of biology. While fluorescent reporters have been widely used, photostability and phototoxicity have hindered their use in long‐term experiments. Bioluminescence overcomes some of these challenges but requires the addition of an exogenous luciferin limiting its use. Using a modular approach, Autonomous Molecular BioluminEscent Reporter (AMBER), an indicator of membrane potential is engineered. Unlike other bioluminescent systems, AMBER is a voltage‐gated luciferase coupling the functionalities of the Ciona voltage‐sensing domain (VSD) and bacterial luciferase, luxAB. When co‐expressed with the luciferin‐producing genes, AMBER reversibly switches the bioluminescent intensity as a function of membrane potential. Using biophysical and biochemical methods, it is shown that AMBER switches its enzymatic activity from an OFF to an ON state as a function of the membrane potential. Upon depolarization, AMBER switches from a low to a high enzymatic activity state, showing a several‐fold increase in the bioluminescence output (ΔL/L). AMBER in the pharyngeal muscles and mechanosensory touch neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans is expressed. Using the compressed sensing approach, the electropharingeogram of the C. elegans pharynx is reconstructed, validating the sensor in vivo. Thus, AMBER represents the first fully genetically encoded bioluminescent reporter without requiring exogenous luciferin addition.
Viscoelastic Response of Graphene Oxide‐Based Membranes and Efficient Broadband Sound Transduction
Authors: Hu Kaiwen , Cardenas William , Huang Yi‐Chi , Wei Huijing , Gaskell Robert‐Eric , Martel Eli , Cerruti Marta , Szkopek Thomas
Published: November 2021

Freestanding micrometer thick graphene oxide (GO) membranes combine high stiffness, low mass density, and high loss coefficient. This unique combination of properties is ideal for efficient and broadband electro‐acoustic transduction, relying on membrane lightness, stiffness, and internal damping. Here, the viscoelastic response of GO membranes is measured, and the application of ≈100 µm thick GO membranes is demonstrated in dynamic loudspeakers. Using dynamic mechanical analysis and the time‐temperature superposition principle of polymer rheology, it is found that the stiffness of GO membrane increases by more than 50% over 1–20 kHz while damping decreases by less than 20%. GO membranes exhibit 45% higher damping than aluminum membranes in loudspeakers assemblies. Consequently, GO membranes enable the upshift of loudspeaker breakup frequency by octave above speakers assembled with aluminum, polyethylene terephthalate, titanium, and oak wood membranes. GO is thus found to be an exceptional material for electro‐acoustic transduction.
Structural Engineering in Graphite‐Based Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Pan , Zheng Cheng , He Jiawei , Tu Xin , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge , Zhou Yanping , Rui Xianhong , Zhang Bing , Huang Kama
Published: November 2021

Graphite‐derived carbon materials have been widely used in metal‐ion batteries due to their good mechanical and electrical properties, cost effectiveness, light weight, and environmental friendliness. Though natural graphite has been commercially used in lithium‐ion batteries, the small interlayer spacing hinders its application in other metal‐ion batteries. As such, numerous works have been done to enhance the metal‐ion storage capability of graphite and its derivatives. In this review, structural engineering on graphite including expanded graphite, graphite intercalation compounds and porous graphite, and the corresponding electrolyte engineering for lithium‐ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries, and dual ion batteries are summarized, aiming to make a comparison between various strategies and give a suggestion on future work in this area.
An Annealing Accelerator for Ising Spin Systems Based on In‐Memory Complementary 2D FETs
Authors: Sebastian Amritanand , Das Sarbashis , Das Saptarshi
Published: November 2021

Metaheuristic algorithms such as simulated annealing (SA) are often implemented for optimization in combinatorial problems, especially for discreet problems. SA employs a stochastic search, where high‐energy transitions (“hill‐climbing”) are allowed with a temperature‐dependent probability to escape local optima. Ising spin glass systems have properties such as spin disorder and “frustration” and provide a discreet combinatorial problem with a high number of metastable states and ground‐state degeneracy. In this work, subthreshold Boltzmann transport is exploited in complementary 2D field‐effect transistors (p‐type WSe2 and n‐type MoS2) integrated with an analog, nonvolatile, and programmable floating‐gate memory stack to develop in‐memory computing primitives necessary for energy‐ and area‐efficient hardware acceleration of SA for Ising spin systems. Search acceleration of >800× is demonstrated for 4 × 4 ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and spin glass systems using SA compared to an exhaustive search using a brute force trial at miniscule total energy expenditure of ≈120 nJ. The hardware‐realistic numerical simulations further highlight the astounding benefits of SA in accelerating the search for larger spin lattices.
Probing Electronic States in Monolayer Semiconductors through Static and Transient Third‐Harmonic Spectroscopies
Authors: Wang Yadong , Iyikanat Fadil , Rostami Habib , Bai Xueyin , Hu Xuerong , Das Susobhan , Dai Yunyun , Du Luojun , Zhang Yi , Li Shisheng , Lipsanen Harri , García de Abajo F. Javier , Sun Zhipei
Published: November 2021

Electronic states and their dynamics are of critical importance for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, various relevant electronic states in monolayer MoS2, such as multiple excitonic Rydberg states and free‐particle energy bands are probed with a high relative contrast of up to ≥200 via broadband (from ≈1.79 to 3.10 eV) static third‐harmonic spectroscopy (THS), which is further supported by theoretical calculations. Moreover, transient THS is introduced to demonstrate that third‐harmonic generation can be all‐optically modulated with a modulation depth exceeding ≈94% at ≈2.18 eV, providing direct evidence of dominant carrier relaxation processes associated with carrier–exciton and carrier–phonon interactions. The results indicate that static and transient THS are not only promising techniques for the characterization of monolayer semiconductors and their heterostructures, but also a potential platform for disruptive photonic and optoelectronic applications, including all‐optical modulation and imaging.
Polymeric Hydrogels—A Promising Platform in Enhancing Water Security for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Loo Siew‐Leng , Vásquez Lía , Athanassiou Athanassia , Fragouli Despina
Published: November 2021

Although water is essential for global health and the socio‐economic development of modern society, providing fresh water universally in a sustainable and affordable manner, for both developing and industrialized communities, is challenging. Polymeric hydrogels have recently drawn increasing interest as promising material platforms to sustainably enhance global water security. This review aims to provide a consolidated overview of polymeric hydrogels as an enabling agent in various water treatment technologies. First, a summary of the different approaches for the preparation of hydrogels with tailored chemistry, morphology, structure, and functions that enable the multifaceted requirements of different water technologies to be met is presented. Then, a set of properties unique to hydrogels, which gives them competitive advantages compared to other materials in the context of water treatment, is presented and discussed. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the applications of hydrogels in different water technologies. Their performance is correlated to their unique properties in order to gain an in‐depth mechanistic understanding of how hydrogels can lead to impressive performance and technological innovation. The authors conclude with some proposed solutions and recommendations for prospective research directions to address the remaining challenges specific to each hydrogel‐enabled water technology.
Silver Cluster‐Porphyrin‐Assembled Materials as Advanced Bioprotective Materials for Combating Superbacteria
Authors: Cao Man , Wang Shan , Hu Jia‐Hua , Lu Bing‐Huai , Wang Qian‐You , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: November 2021

Superbugs are bacteria that have grown resistant to most antibiotics, seriously threating the health of people. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are known to exert a wide‐spectrum antimicrobial property, yet remains challenging against superbugs. Here, Ag clusters are assembled using porphyrin‐based linkers and a novel framework structure (Ag9‐AgTPyP) is produced, in which nine‐nuclearity Ag9 clusters are uniformly separated by Ag‐centered porphyrin units (AgTPyP) in two dimensions, demonstrating open permeant porosity. Ag9‐AgTPyP eliminates over 99.99999% and 99.999% methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) within 2 h upon visible‐light irradiation, which are superior to a majority of bacteria inactivation photocatalysts. The novel‐established long‐term charge‐transfer states from AgTPyP to adjacent Ag9 cluster that has preferential affinity to O2 greatly promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency; and its unique framework accelerates the ROS transportation. Personal protective equipment (masks and protective suits) incorporating Ag9‐AgTPyP film also shows excellent performances against superbugs. This superbugs‐killing efficiency is unprecedented among silver complexes and porphyrin derivatives. Utilizing efficient photogenerated electrons and holes between metal cluster and linkers can open up new interests of research in photocatalytic areas.
Research Progress on the Relationship Between Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Feng , Qiao Song
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. Relevant epidemiology and a large number of experimental studies have proved that chronic inflammation is highly correlated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. And inflammatory bowel disease has been proven to be an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. Various inflammatory cells participate in the establishment of the chronic inflammatory intestinal microenvironment required for the onset of colorectal cancer. The abnormal signal pathways mediated by various inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators promote the occurrence of tumors, which are related to colorectal cancer and pathogenesis‐related inflammation mechanisms. At the gene level, miRNAs can also affect the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer by regulating mesenchymal epithelial transformation. This article reviews the relationship between inflammation and colorectal cancer as well as the related inflammatory mechanisms.
Making the road caminando de otra manera: Co‐constructing decolonial community psychologies from the Global South
Authors: Ciofalo Nuria
Published: November 2021

Current discussion on coloniality dismantles structures embedded in neoliberal capitalism that maintain and perpetuate social pathologies. Theories and praxes emerging from Abya Yala (North, Central, and South America) provide academic and nonacademic contributions to co‐construct community psychologies de otra manera (otherwise). These accountable ways of knowing and acting in cultural context and local place, become ways of making counterculture to inform decolonial community psychologies. The epistemologies of the Global South have produced invaluable teachings for transformative revisions of community psychology within frameworks that go beyond liberation and toward decoloniality. Activist women and decolonial feminists from the Global South, contest patriarchal rationality and universalism and co‐construct new ways of being, thinking‐feeling, sentipensar, and acting. Decolonial paradigms weave networks of solidarity with communities in their struggles to sustain Indigenous cosmovisions, delinking from western‐centric ideologies that are not anthropocentric and promote sustainability, epistemic and ecological justice, and Sumak Kawsay/Buen Vivir (wellbeing) that includes the rights of the Earth. This paper deepens into decolonial community psychologies from Abya Yala that are making the road caminando (walking) de otra manera by applying methodologies of affective conviviality with communities, sentipensando, and co‐authoring collective stories that weave pluriversal solidary networks within ecologies of praxes into colorful tapestries of liberation. These are the proposed coordinates to sketch pathways toward decoloniality.
“You get to understand we are all human beings”: Community solidarity initiatives as spaces of recognition, resistance, and change
Authors: Vine Megan , Greenwood Ronni M.
Published: November 2021

In Ireland the Direct Provision system segregates and excludes displaced people from the host community, and informal community solidarity initiatives (CSIs) were established nationwide to address this issue. We examined experiences of intergroup contact in CSIs and related contexts to identify how solidarity is produced, and for whom, through photovoice workshops (Study 1: n = 13) with displaced participants of two CSIs, and interviews (Study 2: n = 5) with resident/national stakeholders of four CSIs. In Study 1, we identified three themes: “Orienting to future and collective identities in Direct Provision,” “Negotiating intersectional identities in public settings,” and “Recognition of valued collective identities in the CSI.” In Study 2, we identified two themes: “Negotiating privileged identities and power asymmetries,” and “Facilitating change through social connections.” CSIs offered temporary respite from the oppression and discrimination displaced people experienced in other contexts and enabled them to resist dehumanizing representations through expression and recognition of valued identities. Connections within and across groups fostered relational solidarity, shifted intergroup norms, and opened opportunities for displaced people to access resources. Accordingly, our findings have implications for public policy, community research, and action to create just and equitable conditions for displaced people in receiving countries.
The temporal onset of the core features in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Choudhury Parichita , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Aakre Jeremiah A. , Wurtz Lincoln , Knopman David S. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Kantarci Kejal , Forsberg Leah K. , Fields Julie A. , Pedraza Otto , Chen Qin , Miyagawa Toji , Day Gregory S. , Tipton Philip , Savica Rodolfo , Botha Hugo , Lachner Christian , Dredla Brynn , Reichard R. Ross , Petersen Ronald C. , Dickson Dennis W. , Boeve Bradley F. , Ferman Tanis J.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

We examined the temporal sequence of the core features in probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods

In 488 patients with probable DLB, the onset of each core feature and time to diagnosis was determined for men and women, and a pathologic subgroup (n = 209).

Results

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) developed before the other core features in men and women. Men were more likely to have RBD and were diagnosed with probable DLB earlier than women. Visual hallucinations developed after the other core features in men, but in women, they appeared earlier and concurrently with fluctuations and parkinsonism. Women were older and more cognitively impaired at first visit, were less likely to have RBD, more likely to be diagnosed with probable DLB later than men, and more likely to have neocortical tangles.

Discussion

An earlier latency to probable DLB was associated with men, RBD, and Lewy body disease without neocortical tangles.
Stratifying the Presymptomatic Phase of Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia by SerumNfLandpNfH: A Longitudinal Multicentre Study
Authors: Wilke Carlo , Reich Selina , van Swieten John C. , Borroni Barbara , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Moreno Fermin , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Galimberti Daniela , Rowe James B. , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria C. , Finger Elizabeth , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Santana Isabel , Ducharme Simon , Butler Chris R. , Gerhard Alexander , Levin Johannes , Danek Adrian , Otto Markus , Frisoni Giovanni , Ghidoni Roberta , Sorbi Sandro , Bocchetta Martina , Todd Emily , Kuhle Jens , Barro Christian ,   Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI), Rohrer Jonathan D. , Synofzik Matthis
Published: November 2021

Objective

Although the presymptomatic stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) provide a unique chance to delay or even prevent neurodegeneration by early intervention, they remain poorly defined. Leveraging a large multicenter cohort of genetic FTD mutation carriers, we provide a biomarker‐based stratification and biomarker cascade of the likely most treatment‐relevant stage within the presymptomatic phase: the conversion stage.

Methods

We longitudinally assessed serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH) in the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) cohort (n = 444), using single‐molecule array technique. Subjects comprised 91 symptomatic and 179 presymptomatic subjects with mutations in the FTD genesC9orf72,GRN, orMAPT, and 174 mutation‐negative within‐family controls.

Results

In a biomarker cascade, NfL increase preceded the hypothetical clinical onset by 15 years and concurred with brain atrophy onset, whereas pNfH increase started close to clinical onset. The conversion stage was marked by increased NfL, but still normal pNfH levels, while both were increased at the symptomatic stage. Intra‐individual change rates were increased for NfL at the conversion stage and for pNfH at the symptomatic stage, highlighting their respective potential as stage‐dependent dynamic biomarkers within the biomarker cascade. Increased NfL levels and NfL change rates allowed identification of presymptomatic subjects converting to symptomatic disease and capture of proximity‐to‐onset. We estimate stage‐dependent sample sizes for trials aiming to decrease neurofilament levels or change rates.

Interpretation

Blood NfL and pNfH provide dynamic stage‐dependent stratification and, potentially, treatment response biomarkers in presymptomatic FTD, allowing demarcation of the conversion stage. The proposed biomarker cascade might pave the way towards a biomarker‐based precision medicine approach to genetic FTD. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:33–47
Antimicrobial and antiviral activities with molecular docking study of chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads
Authors: Dacrory Sawsan , Hashem Amr Hosny , Kamel Samir
Published: November 2021

Background

Biopolymers are promising candidates that can be fabricated into hydrophilic matrices and used for many applications due to their distinctive properties such as non‐toxic, biodegradable, biocompatibility, and low cost. A promising composite of chitosan and carrageenan with self‐crosslinking has been prepared.

Methods and Results

In this study, a rigorous approach for an inexpensive and non‐toxic combination of different amounts of clove oil with two polyelectrolytes including chitosan and carrageenan in the form of beads has been prepared. The structure and the surface morphology of the beads were investigated using FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM. Moreover, antimicrobial, antiviral activity, and molecular docking were evaluated. Antibacterial results revealed that chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads have antimicrobial activity as well as chitosan/carrageenan without clove oil against Escherichia coli AATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis AATCC6051, and Candida albicans ATCC90028. Furthermore, maximum non‐toxic concentration (MNTC) of chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads was (31.25 μg ml‐1) which exhibited promising antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1), and was significantly higher than chitosan/carrageenan without clove oil, where antiviral activity was 82.94% and 57.64%, respectively. Eventually, docking study and computational calculation have been used to show the reactivity of the molecules.

Conclusions

The developed chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads have shown promising properties to be used as carriers of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Identification of Highly Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors from Artocarpus integer and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Duong Thuc‐Huy , Nguyen Huy Troung , Nguyen Chuong Hoang , Tran Nguyen‐Minh‐An , Danova Ade , Tran Thi‐Minh‐Dinh , Vu‐Huynh Kim Long , Musa Vassana , Jutakanoke Rumpa , Nguyen Ngoc‐Hong , Sichaem Jirapast
Published: November 2021

A new natural Diels‐Alder adduct (3) was isolated from the leaves and stem bark of Artocarpus integer, along with seventeen known compounds (1, 2, and 4–18). Structural elucidation was conducted using NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data, and comparisons were made with previous studies. Deoxyartonin I (3) exhibited the most potent α‐glucosidase inhibition (IC50 7.80±0.1 μM), outperforming the acarbose positive control. This was mixed‐mode inhibition, as indicated by the intersect in the second quadrant of each respective plot. An in silico molecular docking model and the pharmacokinetic features of 3 suggest that it is a potential inhibitor of enzyme α‐glucosidase, and is therefore a lead candidate as a drug against diabetes mellitus.
Development of gluten‐free bread using low‐pressure homogenized rice flour supplemented with faba bean flour
Authors: Boulemkahel Souad , Garzon Raquel , Benatallah Leila , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives

Low‐pressure homogenization (30 MPa‐3 passes) applied to long (LRF) and medium (MRF) rice grain flours was tested as physical method for improving gluten‐free breads (GFB) without additives. Rice flours were blended with faba bean flour (FBF) in the ratio 2:1 (w:w).

Findings

Low‐pressure homogenization increased damaged starch content of rice flours and decreased the particle size distribution of blends, leading to higher volumes during batters' fermentation. Homogenization treatment improved the GFB texture profile, decreasing hardness and increasing cohesiveness and resilience. The crumb structure, particularly that of GFB from LRF:FBF blends, was greatly improved by the treatment, and better shape (lower width/height ratio) was obtained. No significant differences were found on the hardening rate of stored GFB, when using homogenized rice flours.

Conclusions

In general, long rice homogenized flour revealed the greatest capacity to improve the GFB quality. Low‐pressure homogenization of long or medium rice flour can be an adequate physical treatment to improve breadmaking properties of rice flours.

Significance and novelty

The study confirms the suitability of low‐pressure homogenized LRF and MRF blended with FBF as raw ingredient in GF breadmaking without additives.
Simultaneous renal infarction and splenic infarction as a possible initial manifestation of COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Al‐Mashdali Abdulrahman F. , Alwarqi Akram F. , Elawad Saffa M.
Published: November 2021

We recommend testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in a patient with an unexplained thromboembolic event, even in the absence of fever or respiratory symptoms.
Successful treatment of a keratoacanthoma in a young patient with the application of topical 5% imiquimod cream
Authors: Plachouri Kerasia‐Maria , Mulita Francesk , Bousis Dimitrios , Tchabashvili Levan , Liolis Elias , Kaplanis Charalampos , Perdikaris Ioannis , Iliopoulos Fotios , Verras Georgios‐Ioannis , Tolias Vasilios , Georgiou Sophia
Published: November 2021

Keratoacanthomas (KA) are epithelial tumors that present as rapidly evolving nodules with a central hyperkeratotic plug and occasionally show signs of spontaneous regression. A 21‐year‐old patient strongly refused the diagnostic biopsy and insisted on a nonsurgical treatment. He was successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream.
Atypical parkinsonism and self‐mutilation: A new lens on the old concept
Authors: Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Masoud , Ghanbari Kimia
Published: November 2021

We report a case of atypical parkinsonism and self‐mutilation.
A case report: First presentation of diabetes mellitus type 1 with severe hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in a 35‐month‐old girl
Authors: Saeed Amir , Ilkhanipoor Homa
Published: November 2021

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus among pediatric patients. Since its treatment differs from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hence, pediatricians should be aware of its diagnosis and management.
Conservative management of massive rivaroxaban overdose: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ghodsi Alireza , Etemad Leila , Dadpour Bita , Mostafazadeh Babak , Moshiri Mohammad
Published: November 2021

In the cases of acute rivaroxaban overdose, conservative management without prothrombin complex concentrate or other coagulation factors may be sufficient if renal function is normal and there is no bleeding.
Simultaneous occurrence of a Takotsubo syndrome and paranoia delirium, related to Covid‐19 pandemic: A case report
Authors: Ben Ammar Hanen , Bouguira Emna , Brahmi Lina , Hamdi Ghada , Bouallagui Azza , Khelifa Emira , Mnif Leila
Published: November 2021

Some psychosomatic diseases, like Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy, may occur because of exposure to a stressful event like COVID‐19. The simultaneous development of psychosis and Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy suggests a field of vulnerability. Specific measures need to be taken to help vulnerable people to manage these stressful events.
Atypical presentation of COVID‐19 infection as acute abdomen in children: A case series
Authors: Khakshour Ali , Saeidinia Amin , Ghanbari Ghazale
Published: November 2021

Abdominal pain in children in COVID‐19 era should be carefully evaluated and weighing risk‐benefit of surgical procedure in suspected cases should be more discussed. Surgery in patients with high suspicious to MIS‐C should be delayed for preventing critical outcomes.
Bile duct infestation with Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed after cholecystectomy: About two case reports
Authors: Nechi Salwa , Gharbi Ghada , Douggaz Amel , Boughdir Malak , Chaabane Abir , Mfarrej Mohamed Karim , Chelbi Emna
Published: November 2021

Intestinal infestation with Enterobius vermicularis is common, especially in the developing countries. However, its migration in the bile ducts is rare, often diagnosed after cholecystectomy. More investigations are needed to define its involvement in symptoms presented by patients and the likelihood of complications.
Molecular hydrogen as an adjuvant therapy may be associated with increased oxygen saturation and improved exercise tolerance in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Singh Ram B. , Halabi Ghazi , Fatima Ghizal , Rai Richa H. , Tarnava Alexander T. , LeBaron Tyler W.
Published: November 2021

Administration of molecular hydrogen dissolved in water to patient with COVID‐19‐like symptoms may improve oxygen levels and exercise capacity.
A flickering cutaneous lesion occurring after an insect bite
Authors: Hodde Tymen , Spaetgens Bart
Published: November 2021

Many exaggerated skin reactions after insect bites have been described and due to global warming the incidence of these cases will increase. This clinical video promotes its recognition by showing an unusual cutaneous phenomenon after an insect bite.
The necessity of integrated medicine to treat SARS‐Cov‐2/COVID‐19 patient: A case report
Authors: Tiwari Sagun , Tiwari Sujan , Sapkota Namrata , Sapkota Bhanu
Published: November 2021

Health policymakers and clinicians should also prioritize mental, emotional and social health while treating SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19, and for this, different treatment varieties of eastern medicine would be a better option to integrate into western medicine so that we could have a better result in all dimensions of health.
Interesting features of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in a Case of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Secondary to Toxocariasis
Authors: Asadian Sanaz , Rezaeian Nahid , Asl Fallah Sahar
Published: November 2021

Toxocariasis is a relatively common parasitic disease that can rarely affect the heart. Cardiac toxocariasis may lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to hypereosinophilia. CMR is a valuable diagnostic method in hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Successful revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention using a combination of the subintimal transcatheter withdrawal technique and coronary artery fenestration for spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Matsuura Shintaro , Otowa Kanichi , Maruyama Michiro , Usuda Kazuo
Published: November 2021

The combination of the STRAW technique and coronary artery fenestration using a cutting balloon could be effective in SCAD patients, especially with dissection to the distal end of the coronary artery.
Pheochromocytoma presenting as fulminant myocarditis mimicking COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Rojbi Imen , Adel Meriem , Affes Meriem , Hantous Saoussen , Jrad Myriam , Ben Nacef Ibtissem , Khiari Karima
Published: November 2021

Adrenergic cardiomyopathy is uncommon but can be fulminant and life‐threatening. Nowadays, the need to exclude the possibility of COVID‐19 pneumonia in patients with acute dyspnea in a previously healthy adult may cause a delay in the diagnosis.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome complicated by interstitial pneumonia and obesity with normal contrast echocardiography
Authors: Okazaki Akihito , Fujioka Kensuke
Published: November 2021

Diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome complicated by interstitial pneumonia and obesity is difficult because these complications can cause hypoxia. Such patients may not present with typical contrast echocardiography findings.
Spraying slurries in fluidized beds: Impact of slurry properties on spray characteristics and agglomerate formation
Authors: Briens Cedric , Idowu Joshua , Sanchez Francisco J. , Pjontek Dominic , McMillan Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Fluid coking is a process that upgrades heavy oil. In a fluid coker, heavy oil is sprayed into a fluidized bed of hot coke particles, where it undergoes thermal cracking. The formation of wet agglomerates, caused by poor contacting between the heavy oil and coke particles, slows thermal cracking and leads to operating problems. The product vapours exiting the coker are scrubbed to condense the heavier components, which are recycled to the coker. The recycle stream contains unwanted suspended fines that could affect the interaction between the liquid feed and the bed particles, and the resulting agglomerate formation. In open air, the presence of suspended solids had a negligible impact on spray behaviour. The impacts on agglomerate stability and liquid distribution were studied in a fluidized bed of sand at 130°C by spraying a gum arabic solution that was formulated to simulate oil‐coke agglomerate formation in fluid cokers. Within the fluidized bed, changing the concentration of suspended solids in the liquid feed affected agglomerate stability and liquid distribution. Different mechanisms were considered to explain this change in agglomeration behaviour: increased viscosity, spray characteristics, drying kinetics, and the solids filler effect. A dedicated experimental plan was designed to test each hypothesis. The only significant impact of the suspended solids resulted from a filler effect within the agglomerates: The fines made the agglomerates more resistant to breakage in the fluidized bed. This only occurred, however, when the suspended solids were wettable by the liquid; non‐wettable suspended solids, instead, weakened agglomerates.
Retinal patterns and the cellular repertoire of neuropsin (Opn5) retinal ganglion cells
Authors: D'Souza Shane P. , Swygart David I. , Wienbar Sophia R. , Upton Brian A. , Zhang Kevin X. , Mackin Robert D. , Casasent Anna K. , Samuel Melanie A. , Schwartz Gregory W. , Lang Richard A.
Published: November 2021

Obtaining a parts list of the sensory components of the retina is vital to understand the effects of light in behavior, health, and disease. Rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the best described photoreceptors in the mammalian retina, but recent functional roles have been proposed for retinal neuropsin (Opn5)—an atypical opsin. However, little is known about the pattern of Opn5 expression in the retina. Using cre (Opn5cre) and cre‐dependent reporters, we uncover patterns of Opn5 expression and find that Opn5 is restricted to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Opn5‐RGCs are nonhomogenously distributed through the retina, with greater densities of cells located in the dorsotemporal quadrant. In addition to the local topology of these cells, using cre‐dependent AAV viral tracing, we surveyed their central targets and found that they are biased towards image‐forming and image‐stabilizing regions. Finally, molecular and electrophysiological profiling reveal that Opn5‐RGCs comprise previously defined RGC types that respond optimally to edges and object‐motion (F‐mini‐ONs, HD2, HD1, LEDs, ooDSRGCs, etc.). Together, these data describe the second collection of RGCs that express atypical opsins in the mouse, and expand the roles of image‐forming cells in retinal physiology and function.
Semantic thingsourcing for the Internet of Things
Authors: Maamar Zakaria , Faci Noura , Elnaffar Said , Yahya Fadwa , Boukadi Khouloud , Benslimane Djamal
Published: November 2021

In the context of Internet of Things, thingsourcing is poised to promote the collective behavior that should prevail among things despite their independent nature being confined into silos. By analogy with crowdsourcing where crowds of (sometimes anonymous) people are contacted for their expertise, thingsourcing abstracts crowds of things and provides the necessary mechanisms for composing things together so they collectively satisfy users' demands. However, to ensure successful discovery of things according to these demands' requirements, an ontology‐based semantic description of things is deemed necessary. This article presents an approach for enriching things' descriptions semantically in preparation for their composition with respect to specific scripts that define who will do what, when, and where. A system demonstrating semantic thingsourcing along with a case study about dairy supply‐chain is presented in this article as well.
Plasma Carboxylesterase 1 Predicts Methylphenidate Exposure: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study Using Plasma Protein Biomarker for Hepatic Drug Metabolism
Authors: Shi Jian , Xiao Jingcheng , Wang Xinwen , Jung Sun Min , Bleske Barry E. , Markowitz John S. , Patrick Kennerly S. , Zhu Hao‐Jie
Published: November 2021

Hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play critical roles in determining the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of numerous therapeutic agents. As such, noninvasive biomarkers capable of predicting DME expression in the liver have the potential to be used to personalize pharmacotherapy and improve drug treatment outcomes. In the present study, we quantified carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) protein concentrations in plasma samples collected during a methylphenidate pharmacokinetics study. CES1 is a prominent hepatic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of many medications containing small ester moieties, including methylphenidate. The results revealed a significant inverse correlation between plasma CES1 protein concentrations and the area under the concentration‐time curves (AUCs) of plasma d‐methylphenidate (P = 0.014, r = −0.617). In addition, when plasma CES1 protein levels were normalized to the plasma concentrations of 24 liver‐enriched proteins to account for potential interindividual differences in hepatic protein release rate, the correlation was further improved (P = 0.003, r = −0.703), suggesting that plasma CES1 protein could explain ~ 50% of the variability in d‐methylphenidate AUCs in the study participants. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling simulation revealed that the CES1‐based individualized dosing strategy might significantly reduce d‐methylphenidate exposure variability in pediatric patients relative to conventional trial and error fixed dosing regimens. This proof‐of‐concept study indicates that the plasma protein of a hepatic DME may serve as a biomarker for predicting its metabolic function and the pharmacokinetics of its substrate drugs.