bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dental Care to Junior High School Students
Authors: Suzuki Masaki , Toyoda Hiroki
Published: July 2015

Background

For most of the junior and senior high school students, ‘dental care’ is likely to be difficult to understand. It has been reported that only half of students received treatments among the high school students who were advised to visit dental office for treatment of dental caries and gingivitis. Thus, the oral health education is critical for high school students in order to enhance the understanding of the dental caries and gingivitis.

Materials and methods

We conducted dental education classes to four junior high schools (62 students) in the Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. After the classes, we asked the students to submit the descriptions of impressions and evaluated those descriptions.

Results

We found that most of students have had the feeling that the classes were interesting and useful. The junior high school students have begun to become interested in the dental care and that their motivation for study was increased.

Conclusion

We will continue these classes to junior high school students in the future and would like to contribute to prevalence and enlightenment of dental care.

How to cite this article

Suzuki M, Toyoda H. Prevalence of Dental Care to Junior High School Students. World J Dent 2015;6(2):61-64.
Ankyloglossia and Quality of Life
Authors: Santosh R , Roopavathi KM , VenuGopal Sanjay , Pushpalatha G , Bennadi Darshana , Madhura AS
Published: July 2015

Ankyloglossia (AG) commonly known as tongue-tie. This congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal short lingual frenulum attached to floor of mouth. Though the ankyloglossia is not a serious issue, but it may cause problems, like feeding difficulties, speech disorders, and hamper quality of life through affecting their social life and confidence. Hence, management of ankyloglossia should be considered at age, which should include surgical management as well as efforts should be made to improve the quality of life of the patient. The purposes of this report to describe about ankyloglossia, its management for the better clinical approach and improve the quality of life of the patient.

How to cite this article

Roopavathi KM, VenuGopal S, Pushpalatha G, Bennadi D, Santosh R, Madhura AS. Ankyloglossia and Quality of Life. World J Dent 2015;6(2):112-115.
Predisaster integration of Community Emergency Response Teams
Authors: Jensen, PhD Jessica , Carr, MS John
Published: July 2015

Objective: The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program has been increasingly used within local emergency management systems since the United States’ Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) adopted and began promoting the program in 1993. The objective of this study was to explore the integration of CERT programs within local emergency management systems predisaster.Design: Qualitative, semi-structured telephone interviews were used to collect data from a purposive sample of CERT program coordinators.Setting: Telephone interviews were conducted with CERT program coordinators in FEMA Region VII (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska).Subjects, participants: Twenty-five local county emergency managers participated in this study.Results: This study found that the integration of CERTs varied significantly. The extent to which most teams were integrated allowed them to be placed along an integration continuum and classified as one of three types including Least Integrated, Somewhat Integrated, and Highly Integrated. Other team characteristics seemed to covary with the team integration. A phenomenon of team Piggy Backing—where the integration of the team was no longer relevant—was also found. Conclusions: This study concludes by making a key recommendation that could benefit any CERT—add a module to the CERT training curriculum designed to integrate the individuals associated with the CERT program within their local emergency management system.
Mitigating active shooter impact: Analysis for policy options based on agent/computer-based modeling
Authors: Anklam III, PhD Charles , Kirby, MS Adam , Sharevski, MS Filipo , Dietz, PhD, PE J. Eric
Published: July 2015

Active shooting violence at confined settings, such as educational institutions, poses serious security concerns to public safety. In studying the effects of active shooter scenarios, the common denominator associated with all events, regardless of reason/intent for shooter motives, or type of weapons used, was the location chosen and time expended between the beginning of the event and its culmination. This in turn directly correlates to number of casualties incurred in any given event. The longer the event protracts, the more casualties are incurred until law enforcement or another barrier can react and culminate the situation.Objective: Using AnyLogic technology, devise modeling scenarios to test multiple hypotheses against free-agent modeling simulation to determine the best method to reduce casualties associated with active shooter scenarios.Design, setting, subjects: Test four possible scenarios of responding to active shooter in a public school setting using agent-based computer modeling techniques—scenario 1: basic scenario where no access control or any type of security is used within the school; scenario 2, scenario assumes that concealed carry individual(s) (5-10 percent of the work force) are present in the school; scenario 3, scenario assumes that the school has assigned resource officer; scenario 4, scenario assumes that the school has assigned resource officer and concealed carry individual(s) (5-10 percent) present in the school.Main outcomes measured: Statistical data from modeling scenarios indicating which tested hypothesis resulted in fewer casualties and quicker culmination of event.Results: The use of AnyLogic proved the initial hypothesis that a decrease on response time to an active shooter scenario directly reduced victim casualties.Conclusions: Modeling tests show statistically significant fewer casualties in scenarios where on-scene armed responders such as resource officers and concealed carry personnel were present.
Redesigning healthcare systems to meet the health challenges associated with climate change in the twenty-first century
Authors: Phua, PhD Kai-Lit
Published: July 2015

In the twenty-first century, climate change is emerging as a significant threat to the health and well-being of the public through links to the following: extreme weather events, sea level rise, temperature-related illnesses, air pollution patterns, water security, food security, vector-borne infectious diseases, and mental health effects (as a result of extreme weather events and climate change-induced population displacement). This article discusses how national healthcare systems can be redesigned through changes in its components such as human resources, facilities and technology, health information system, and health policy to meet these challenges.
Discrete-Element bonded particle Sea Ice model DESIgn, version 1.3 – model description and implementation
Authors: Herman A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. This paper presents theoretical foundations, numerical implementation and examples of application of a two-dimensional Discrete-Element bonded-particle Sea Ice model DESIgn. In the model, sea ice is represented as an assemblage of objects of two types: disk-shaped "grains", and semi-elastic bonds connecting them. Grains move on the sea surface under the influence of forces from the atmosphere and the ocean, as well as interactions with surrounding grains through a direct contact (Hertzian contact mechanics) and/or through bonds. The model has an option of taking into account quasi-threedimensional effects related to space- and time-varying curvature of the sea surface, thus enabling simulation of ice breaking due to stresses resulting from bending moments associated with surface waves. Examples of the model's application to simple sea ice deformation and breaking problems are presented, with an analysis of the influence of the basic model parameters ("microscopic" properties of grains and bonds) on the large-scale response of the modeled material. The model is written as a toolbox suitable for usage with the open-source numerical library LIGGGHTS. The code, together with a full technical documentation and example input files, is freely available with this paper and on the Internet.
DESIGNING DAILY PATROL ROUTES FOR POLICING BASED ON ANT COLONY ALGORITHM
Authors: Chen H. , Cheng T. , Wise S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we address the problem of planning police patrol routes to regularly cover street segments of high crime density (hotspots) with limited police forces. A good patrolling strategy is required to minimise the average time lag between two consecutive visits to hotspots, as well as coordinating multiple patrollers and imparting unpredictability in patrol routes. Previous studies have designed different police patrol strategies for routing police patrol, but these strategies have difficulty in generalising to real patrolling and meeting various requirements. In this research we develop a new police patrolling strategy based on Bayesian method and ant colony algorithm. In this strategy, virtual marker (pheromone) is laid to mark the visiting history of each crime hotspot, and patrollers continuously decide which hotspot to patrol next based on pheromone level and other variables. Simulation results using real data testifies the effective, scalable, unpredictable and extensible nature of this strategy.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGE MODELING OF LULC: A SEMANTIC KRIGING APPROACH
Authors: Bhattacharjee S. , Ghosh S. K.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Spatio-temporal land-use/ land-cover (LULC) change modeling is important to forecast the future LULC distribution, which may facilitate natural resource management, urban planning, etc. The spatio-temporal change in LULC trend often exhibits non-linear behavior, due to various dynamic factors, such as, human intervention (e.g., urbanization), environmental factors, etc. Hence, proper forecasting of LULC distribution should involve the study and trend modeling of historical data. Existing literatures have reported that the meteorological attributes (e.g., NDVI, LST, MSI), are semantically related to the terrain. Being influenced by the terrestrial dynamics, the temporal changes of these attributes depend on the LULC properties. Hence, incorporating meteorological knowledge into the temporal prediction process may help in developing an accurate forecasting model. This work attempts to study the change in inter-annual LULC pattern and the distribution of different meteorological attributes of a region in Kolkata (a metropolitan city in India) during the years 2000-2010 and forecast the future spread of LULC using semantic kriging (SemK) approach. A new variant of time-series SemK is proposed, namely Rev-SemKts to capture the multivariate semantic associations between different attributes. From empirical analysis, it may be observed that the augmentation of semantic knowledge in spatio-temporal modeling of meteorological attributes facilitate more precise forecasting of LULC pattern.
PROBE VEHICLE TRACK-MATCHING ALGORITHM BASED ON SPATIAL SEMANTIC FEATURES
Authors: Luo Y. , Song X. , Zheng L. , Yang C. , Yu M. , Sun M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The matching of GPS received locations to roads is challenging. Traditional matching method is based on the position of the GPS receiver, the vehicle position and vehicle behavior near the receiving time. However, for probe vehicle trajectories, the sampling interval is too sparse and there is a poor correlation between adjacent sampling points, so it cannot partition the GPS noise through the historical positions. For the data mining of probe vehicle tracks based on spatial semantics, the matching is learned from the traditional electronic navigation map matching, and it is proposed that the probe vehicle track matching algorithm is based on spatial semantic features. Experimental results show that the proposed global-path matching method gets a good matching results, and restores the true path through the probe vehicle track.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN HUBEI PROVINCE, CHINA
Authors: Fan H. , Ge L. , Song L. , Zhao Q.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) is a worldwide fulminant infectious disease. Since the first HFRS cases in Hubei Province were reported in 1957, the disease has spread across the province and Hubei has become one of seriously affected areas in China. However, the epidemic characteristics of HFRS are still not entirely clear. Therefore, a systematic investigation of spatial and temporal distribution pattern of HFRS system is needed. In order to facilitate better prevention and control of HFRS in Hubei Province, in this paper, a GIS spatiotemporal analysis and modeling tool was developed to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of the HFRS epidemic, as well as providinga comprehensive examination the dynamic pattern of HFRS in Hubei over the past 30 years (1980-2009), to determine spatiotemporal change trends and the causes of HFRS. This paper describes the experiments and their results.
A DISTRIBUTED POLYGON RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM USING MAPREDUCE
Authors: Guo Q. , Palanisamy B. , Karimi H. A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The burst of large-scale spatial terrain data due to the proliferation of data acquisition devices like 3D laser scanners poses challenges to spatial data analysis and computation. Among many spatial analyses and computations, polygon retrieval is a fundamental operation which is often performed under real-time constraints. However, existing sequential algorithms fail to meet this demand for larger sizes of terrain data. Motivated by the MapReduce programming model, a well-adopted large-scale parallel data processing technique, we present a MapReduce-based polygon retrieval algorithm designed with the objective of reducing the IO and CPU loads of spatial data processing. By indexing the data based on a quad-tree approach, a significant amount of unneeded data is filtered in the filtering stage and it reduces the IO overhead. The indexed data also facilitates querying the relationship between the terrain data and query area in shorter time. The results of the experiments performed in our Hadoop cluster demonstrate that our algorithm performs significantly better than the existing distributed algorithms.
BUILDING SPATIOTEMPORAL CLOUD PLATFORM FOR SUPPORTING GIS APPLICATION
Authors: Song W. W. , Jin B. X. , Li S. H. , Wei X. Y. , Li D. , Hu F.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Traditional geospatial information platforms are built, managed and maintained by the geoinformation agencies. They integrate various geospatial data (such as DLG, DOM, DEM, gazetteers, and thematic data) to provide data analysis services for supporting government decision making. In the era of big data, it is challenging to address the data- and computing- intensive issues by traditional platforms. In this research, we propose to build a spatiotemporal cloud platform, which uses HDFS for managing image data, and MapReduce-based computing service and workflow for high performance geospatial analysis, as well as optimizing auto-scaling algorithms for Web client users’ quick access and visualization. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility by several GIS application cases.
Spatiotemporal Information Organization and Visualization on Tidal Level
Authors: Huang B. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y. , Liu Q.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The amount and location of oceanographic stations vary in different time and the observation information of the same station shows temporality. Hence, ocean observation information has strong spatiotemporal characteristics. This article firstly introduces storage strategy and representation method of spatiotemporal information on tidal level. Then the prototype system was built with the ability of storing, updating, analyzing, and early warning of tidal level in Shandong Peninsula of China. The system achieves the inquiry and visualization of realtime and historical information of oceanographic stations, which provides technical support for oceanographers and decisionmakers.
Espiritualidad, esperanza y dependencia como predictores de la satisfacción vital y la percepción de salud: efecto moderador de ser muy mayor
Authors: Oliver Amparo , Galiana Laura , Sancho Patricia , Tomás José M.
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: analizar algunos predictores de la calidad de vida en personas mayores, diferenciando entre mayores jóvenes o muy mayores. Esto es, se estudia un potencial efecto moderador debido a ser muy mayor, dado que este sector de la población está en rápido crecimiento en todo el mundo. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico de encuesta a 224 personas mayores, en dos grupos diferenciales, menores de 75 años y 75 años o más, que viven en la ciudad de Valencia (España). Resultados: se ajustó un modelo estructural multimuestra donde las dimensiones de espiritualidad y la esperanza predicen dos indicadores de calidad de vida en personas mayores: satisfacción vital y percepción de salud. Se han encontrado relaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre la espiritualidad y la esperanza, y los dos indicadores; especialmente potente es la predicción de la satisfacción vital. Asimismo, los resultados multimuestra indican que la fe juega un papel diferencial relevante en los muy mayores. Discusión: se ponen en relación los hallazgos con la literatura. Conclusiones: existe un importante impacto, en algunos casos diferencial para los muy mayores, de la espiritualidad sobre indicadores de envejecimiento con éxito tales como la satisfacción vital y la salud, y la capacidad para realizar actividades, ya sea instrumentales de la vida diaria, o en general todo tipo de actividades productivas.
Influence of Input Variables over the Wood Digestion in a Sulfite Pulp Mill for Biorefinery Purposes
Authors: Rueda Cristina , Tejedor Carlos , Quijorna Natalia , Andrés Ana , Coz Alberto
Published: July 2015

Eucalyptus globulus is the most profitable specie in Europe for pulping. However, in recent years some diseases and pests have caused its defoliation, affecting the available quantity of wood. In this sense, the mills are studying how to avoid the loss of pulp yield as well as the optimization of byproducts in order to take advantage of every component present in the wood using biorefinery processes. One of the possible options is to complete the consumption of E. globulus with other species such as Eucalyptus nitens.The objective of this paper is to study the behavior of both species related to the dissolving pulp manufacturing process as well as the characteristics of the resulting products. Parameters that can be very useful for the evaluation of the raw material, such as the growing data or density of both species, have been compared. Major attention has been focused on the composition of both species and how it affects the characteristics of the possible final products.E. nitens presents good results of forestry characteristics, being better than E. globulus in terms of growing and resistance to frosts. The cellulose content of both species is similar, however the digestion process in the case of E. nitens needs to be improved in order to optimize the involved energy and the obtained products.
The rates of spontaneous abortion declined: a retrospective cohort study from an industrialized area in Italy, 1996-2010
Authors: Parazzini Fabio , Ricci Elena , Cipriani Sonia , Chiaffarino Francesca , Malvezzi Matteo , Di Martino Mirella , Bulfoni Giuseppe
Published: July 2015

Background: Spontaneous abortions (SA) were analyzed in an industrialized Italian region over a 15-year period to evaluatetime trends. Retrospective cohort study.Methods: Since 1991, in Lombardy a standard form has been used to register all discharges from public or private hospitals. This study analyzed the Lombardy Region registry of hospital admissions in 1996–2010. Using the hospital discharge register, SA-related crude admission rates per 100 pregnancies in women aged 15 to 50 years, residing in Lombardy, were computed;age- and nationality-adjusted rates were also calculated. SA cases were identified searching the database for the ICD-9 codes for SA. SA rates/100 pregnancies (livebirths+SAs+induced abortions/2) in strata of age and calendar year were computed. Poissonregression analysis was used to test trends over time.Results: The crude SA rate was 10.72/100 pregnancies in 1996 and 10.45 in 2010. The corresponding age-standardized rate was 9.21. SA frequency was 4-5 times higher in women aged 40 years in comparison to women aged < 20 years. Age-adjusted SA rates decreased, over time, in non native Italian women.Conclusions: In this population, living in an industrialized area, SA frequency/100 pregnancies has slightly declined during the last 15 years.
Code red: Towards authentic transformational leadership of emergency management
Authors: HJ Caro Denis
Published: July 2015

In this 21st century of unprecedented global, national and regional threats and innovative technologies, this study underscores the unique authentic transformational leadership challenges posed in emergency management systems. These open complex systems adapt to a range of critical emergency events, including mass emergencies, disasters and catastrophes. This qualitative research study based on grounded theory examines the phenomenology of emergency management systems by deploying triangulation to isolate the particular theoretical underpinnings of authentic transformational leadership models relevant to this domain. Using a key informant approach and a semi-structured confidential questionnaire, the perspectives of 103 emergency, health care and technological leaders of diverse professional backgrounds on the challenges of emergency management systems are presented. The response rate was 83.5 percent from 81 organizations across Canada. This study underscores the need for authentic transformational leadership and identifies seven critical and specific leadership imperatives for this domain. The implications for hospital and health care administrators are also presented. This qualitative study of diverse emergency system leaders is original in that it has not hitherto been done across Canada nor internationally. This study underscores the relevance of leadership theory and principles in the extant literature, but extends this to highlight those that are critical and unique to leaders of emergency management systems. In so doing, calls on the need for authentic transformation leadership of an order and caliber yet to be fully potentiated to manage future emergency events in Canada.
Pretreatment of Marasmius sp. on Biopulping of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
Authors: Risdianto Hendro , Sugesty Susi
Published: July 2015

White rot fungi have an ability to degrade lignin by employing lignin-degrading enzymes i.e Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase. Therefore, the fungi can be utilized on the pretreatment of biomass in pulp making (biopulping) and biobleaching. In this study, the pretreatment using White Rot Fungi of Marasmius sp. has been conducted on the the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs). Marasmius sp. has been grown on EFBs for 30 days. The results showed that the lignin content could be removed by 35.94%. However, cellulose and hemicelluloses relatively did not show any changes in the EFBs. From the pulping process, the pretreatment exhibited the Kappa Number of 31.10. Compared to no pretreatment of white rot fungi, the Kappa Number obtained was 38.63. This result demonstrated a promising process for a green pulp making.
Preparation of Ceria-Zirconia Mixed Oxide by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Machmudah Siti , Akmal Hadian M. , Samodro K. Lenno , Winardi Sugeng , Wahyudiono Wahyudiono , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu
Published: July 2015

Ceria-zirconia mixed oxides have been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis process. Under hydrothermalconditions, water potential to control the direction of crystal growth, morphology, particle size and sizedistribution, because of the controllability of thermodynamics and transport properties by pressure andtemperature. The synthesis was carried out at temperatures of 150 − 200 oC and pressure of 5 MPa in a batchreactor. The reactor made of SUS 304 tube reactor with internal volume of 8.8 ml. The synthesized productswere calcined and characterized using SEM, XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the particles formed weresphere shaped particles with smooth morphology and the size of particle diameters were 35, 61, and 31 nm onaverage for reactions temperatures of 150, 180, and 200oC, respectively. The XRD pattern indicated thatceria-zirconia mixed powder was uniformly distributed in the structure to form a homogeneous solid solution.
Optimization of Network Carbon Capture and Storage System (CCS) Using Mathematical Approach
Authors: Licindo David , Christin Paramudita Arinne , Handogo Renanto , Purwo Sutikno Juwari
Published: July 2015

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) tocapture of CO2 from the flue gas of a power plant that typically use coal as a Source of energy and then store it ina suitable geological storage (in specific locations). In practice, these sites may not be readily available forstorage at the same time that the Sources (GHG producing) are operating which gives rise to multi – periodplanning problems. This study presents a mathematical approach by considering constraints limit flowratereceived by Sink, various time availability of Sink and Source and calculation with the purpose to determine theminimum cost network which is getting the maximum load that is exchanged from Source to Sink. Illustrativecase studies are given to demonstrate the application of mathematical models to obtained with the exact result ofthe exchange network from Source to Sink. Derived from network obtained from the calculation of theMaximum Load Source to Sink and results may vary in accordance with the limitations that exist in themathematical model. The case study has been prepared with 2 cases, first 6 Source and 3 Sink with value ofSource Load is greater than the amount available on the Sink. Also, second case is 2 Source and 5 Sinkwithvalue of Source Load is smaller than the amount available on the Sink. In addition, Case Studies tominimize the cost of pipeline construction and distribution of CO2 by plant and storage location determination inJava. Flowrate restriction factor that goes into Sink, Source and Sink establishment time and cost are taken intoaccount can affect the networks that can be exchanged from the Source to the Sink.
Total Phenol, Flavanoid and Antioxidant Activity of Physalis angulata Leaves Extract by Subcritical Water Extraction
Authors: Frida Susanti Ratna , Kurnia Kevin , Vania Amadea , Jeremy Reynaldo Ignatius
Published: July 2015

Physalis angulata, having familiar name in Indonesia as “Ceplukan”, is wellknown empirically in folk medicineto treat several diseases such as hepatitis, malaria, boil, liver problem, diuretic etc. Clinically several researchershave revealed the activity of Physalis angulata extract as anticancer, antitumor, antimycobacterial,immunosuppresion etc. So far, the common method to obtain Physalis angulata extract is by hot waterextraction (HWE) and maceration using organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. Meanwhile, strickerregulation of organic solvent residue to the pharmaceutical product encourages the research to replace organicsolvent by environmentally benign solvent. The objective of this research is to investigate the potential ofPhysalis angulata leaves extract obtained by Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) method as antioxidantThe Physalis angulata leaves were extracted by water in subcritical condition. Water in this condition may havepolarity similar with organic solvent, so it can extract the phytochemical in plant material. Three variables wereinvestigated including pressure (100-200 bar), temperature (100-250oC) and extraction time (15-45 min). Afterevaporating the water, the extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavanoid usingspectrophotometer. Water content in extract was analyzed by karl fischer titrator. The result revealed thatpressure has negligible effect, while temperature has significant effect to the antioxidant activity, total phenol andflavanoid content. The results also compared with that of obtained by conventional methods such as maceration(water and ethanol), HWE and soxhlet.
Self-Healing Coatings for Corrosion Inhibition of Metals
Authors: Yabuki Akihiro
Published: July 2015

Anti-corrosion protective coatings have been widely applied as a surface treatment to prevent corrosion ofvarious metallic materials, such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, steel and zinc-coated steel, which areused in automobile parts, building structures, home appliances, etc. One of the most important characteristics ofthese coatings is the ability to self-heal. If a self-healing coating suffers mechanical damage and corrosivespecies in the environment begin to degrade the bare metal surface, the damaged surface is automaticallyrepaired by a chemical component of the coating. Chromate conversion coatings have self-healing properties.However, environmental concerns have necessitated the reduction and discontinuation of chromate-basedprotective coatings in recent years. This paper describes two recently developed self-healing coatings — afluorine polymer coating with metal particles and a coating comprised of particles and an organic healing agent.A fluorine polymer coating has self-healing properties, which are improved by the addition of metal particles. Aself-healing coating that uses particles and an organic healing agent has also been developed.
Lignocellulosic Processing with Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Improving the Acquisition of Sugar Fermentation
Authors: Hendrianie Nuniek , Juliastuti Sri Rahmania , Iwani Moch. Izati , Eka Affrida
Published: July 2015

Banana peels is a waste which has not been widely used, so that the relatively long time the existence of such waste brings its own problems such as pollution. Banana peels contain high enough lignocellulosic and can be degraded into simpler forms. The Lignin content of banana peels needs to be removed / destroyed structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition ratio of Trichoderma reseei and Aspergillus niger on hydrolysis liquefaction and saccharification time in stage hydrolysis to glucose produced with the highest glucose parameters. In this study, the method was used to degrade lignin by using sulfuric acid (2%). Afterward, the cellulose content was changed in liquefaction process. Hydrolysis liquefaction performed using Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei with a mixture ratio of 1: 0, 0: 1, 1: 1 and 1: 2. Furthermore, substrate hydrolysis liquefaction saccharification going through the process of hydrolysis to increase glucose levels were formed. Hydrolysis liquefaction aims to change the content of starch in the banana skin into glucose using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the addition of 20% (v / v). Hydrolysis process of liquefaction is done by varying the sampling time on day - 3, 6, and 9. In this study the hydrolysis of liquefaction of banana peels use a mixture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger 2:1 at a temperature of 50oC, pH 5, and 64 h for resulted in glucose with the best content was 0.52%. In addition, the results showed that the hydrolysis saccharification with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose levels were highest on day 3 with a temperature of 30oC and pH 5, resulting in glucose content to 1.63%.
Comparison of the Chitosan Degradation through Hydrothermal and Sonication-Hydrothermal Processes
Authors: Savitri Emma , Sumarno Sumarno , Roesyadi Achmad
Published: July 2015

Chitosan is a natural substance that has many applications in the fields of pharmacy and medicine. Because it hashigh molecular weight and does not dissolved easily in a neutral pH solution, then there is an effort todepolymerize chitosan into low molecular weight chitosan and oligomers. Nowdays, one of the methods used todegrade biomass is hydrothermal. Hydrotermal is one method of biomass degradation and polymers that is quiteeffective and environmentally friendly. Because chitosan has strong hydrogen bonds in addition to highmolecular weight, it is necessary to treat chitosan by sonication before subjected to hydrothermal process. Thisstudy will compare degrading chitosan by only hydrothermal process and also sonication–hydrothermalprocesses. The hydrothermal of chitosan was carried out using a stainless steel tube reactor of 4-mL capacity at200 °C for 4 s under pressures of 25 MPa for both of hydrothermal systems. For sonication– hydrothermalprocesses, chitosan was treated with sonication at 40 oC for 30 and 120 min before subjected to hydrothermalprocess. After hydrothermal, chitosan was characterized by viscosimetry and HPLC to determine molecularwight and also the dissolved product. Based on the product yield of the process, the sonication (40 °C,120 mins,1 %)-hydrothermal process (200 °C, 4 mins) was the best process on this study and gave lactose yield as much as90 %.
Fecal Coliforms and Total Coliforms Removal in Water Using Radio-Frequency (RF) Plasma System
Authors: Desmiarti Reni , Hazmi Ariadi , Trianda Yenni
Published: July 2015

A radio-frequency plasma system (RF) was used to investigate the removal of microorganisms from water.Plasma generated by RF radiation can produce active compounds (H•, •OH, H2O2, O3, etc.) that have a highoxidation potential and can kill microorganisms present in water (fecal coliforms and total coliforms). Thefrequency of the plasma system was set to 3.0, 3.3 and 3.7 MHz and applied to river water for 60 minutes. Theresults show that in all runs, the pH of the water produced was in the range from 7.4 to 7.9. The removalefficiencies of fecal coliforms achieved were between 83.75 and 95% and were higher than the removalefficiencies of total coliforms, which were between 82.61 and 93.48%. Meanwhile, the death rate (kD) of fecalcoliforms wasfaster than that of total coliforms. Therefore, the removal of total coliforms is the key to removingmicroorganisms fromwater. RF plasma treatment can be used for treatment of drinking water to decreasemicroorganisms.
Separation of Heavy Metals Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) from Industrial Wastewater by Adsorption Using Chitosan Shrimp Shell
Authors: Rachmania Juliastuti Sri , Putri Pranowo Pratiwi , Yuliana Purbandi Rizka
Published: July 2015

Shrimp shell contains chittin that can be processed become chitosan. Chitosan can be used as bioadsorbent totreat heavy metals content in wastewater. The purposes of this research are to find deacethylation degree ofchitosan from shrimp shell, the constant value of adsorption affinity (k) and adsorption efficiency for variousvariation mass and size of chitosan, heavy metal concentration (solute) in wastewater and to compare adsorptionefficiency between syntetic solution and industrial wastewater. The size variation of the chitosan are 20 meshand 40 mesh. The type of adsorption used is batch until 4 hours with 5 rpm as agitation rate. Deasethylizationdegree for chitosan 20 mesh and 40 mesh are resulted as 75,61% and 77,71 %. More amount of chitosan usedand the smaller size of chitosan make the adsorption efficiency higher as 92,52%. A synthetic solution and PTSIER industrial wastewater are types of wastewater used. PT SIER wastewater contains other metals that canhamper the adsorption of desired metals. Ni is easier to adsorp with 92,52% efficiency than Cu which hasefficiency of 88,52%, because atomic radius of Ni is smaller than Cu. Adsorption affinity constant is influencedby size of the chitosan. The smaller size of chitosan make adsorption affinity constant higher than the bigger size(which is 0,13).
The richness of plants in Art Nouveau gardens
Authors: Pudelska Krystyna , Mirosław Anna
Published: July 2015

The turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries signified the appearance of a new trend in art called Art Nouveau in England, Stile floreale in Italy, and in Poland – secesja. It was an attempt to escape from the style that copied historical forms and set a new direction of development. The main inspiration for the creators of this period became nature, its asymmetry, variety of textures, subtle colors or smooth, and wavy lines. Artistic motifs were drawn from the richness of native flora and fauna. Flowering shrubs, perennials and creepers were especially inseparable decorative and compositional elements of a garden. 

Secession had a significant impact on painting, sculpture, architecture, and garden design. The space surrounding people was treated comprehensively by blurring the boundaries between different arts. A multitude of shrubs – especially roses and lots of perennials such as Lilium, Iris, and Phlox, gave the impression of architecture immersing in the surrounding garden.

The aim of the paper was to briefly analyze the Art Nouveau style and present the diversity of species used in the gardens of that period.
The effect of sugars in relation to methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin formation in the roots of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Poelln.)
Authors: Góraj-Koniarska Justyna , Saniewski Marian
Published: July 2015

This study investigated the effects of different sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose) and sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol) applied alone and in solution with methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on the anthocyanin content in the roots of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. None of the sugars used individually in the experiment affected anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of intact plants. The anthocyanin level was similar to that in the control. Sucrose at concentrations of 0.5% and 3.0%, and glucose at a concentration of 3.0% inhibited anthocyanin accumulation induced by JA-Me. Only fructose at a concentration of 3.0% stimulated anthocyanin accumulation induced by JA-Me. The sugar alcohols, mannitol at a concentration of 3.0% and sorbitol at 0.5% and 3.0%, inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of intact K. blossfeldiana plants induced by JA-Me. In excised roots, both sugars and JA-Me used individually did not affect the formation of anthocyanins. Also, the sugar alcohols (mannitol and sorbitol) applied simultaneously with JA-Me had no effect on the accumulation of anthocyanins. However, roots treated with sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose) in solution with JA-Me promoted the induction of anthocyanins in the apical parts of the roots. 

The results suggest that anthocyanin elicitation in the roots of K. blossfeldiana by methyl jasmonate may be dependent on the interaction of JA-Me with sugars transported from the stems (leaves) to the roots.
Floristic diversity of extensively used fresh meadows (6510) in the Wielki Łęg Obrzański complex
Authors: Klarzyńska Agnieszka Anna , Kryszak Anna
Published: July 2015

One of the habitat types protected within the framework of the NATURA 2000 network due to the presence of species of European importance are fresh meadows from the Arrhenatherion alliance. The maintenance of their characteristic floristic composition depends on habitat conditions and extensive use, while any changes in this respect trigger succession transformations potentially threatening their nature value. 

The aim of the study was to conduct nature and habitat valuation of one of the largest meadow complexes in the Wielkopolska region, i.e. Wielki Łęg Obrzański, which will make it possible to describe the preservation status of fresh meadows and their habitats. 

Based on multifaceted analyses of 535 relevés made using the Braun-Blanquet method in the years 2006–2012 and representing the Arrhenatherion alliance, the phytosociological and botanical structure as well as constancy of species in individual variants (floristic types) were determined. Moreover, their habitat conditions were defined, i.e. soil moisture and nitrogen content using the index method according to Ellenberg, while laboratory methods were used to determine the content of organic matter, soil moisture as well as the contents of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus in soil. 

Floristic composition of fresh meadows from the Arrhenatherion alliance differs due to high heterogeneity of habitat. The presence of fresh meadow phytocenoses both on dried organic soils (the driest forms of flood meadows) and on mineral soils (oak-hornbeam forests) contributes to differences in the floristic composition both in ryegrass meadows and grass–fescue meadows, mainly due to soil moisture and fertility as well as sward use type. This constituted the basis for the identification of lower syntaxonomic units in the internal structure of the plant associations. Five variants were distinguished in Arrhenatheretum elatioris, while the community of Poa pratensis–Festuca rubra was developed in as many as 8 variants.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alcalatén: des de Vistabella del Maestrat cap Atzeneta del Maestrat i cap a les Useres
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 6 de desembre del 2014. Aquest itinerari es desenvoluparà íntegrament per una de les unitats geològiques que constitueixen el País Valencià: concretament per la que ocupa la major part de la seva superfície, per la Serralada Ibèrica (i dintre d´aquesta pels sectors denominats Muntanyam de Castelló. També, es podria incloure bona part del recorregut, dintre de la denominada Conca del Maestrat. Així, l´itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per la zona també denominada del Maestrat, pels seus sectors corresponents a la Zona d´Enllaç entre les dues serralades anteriorment esmentades, de direccions: NE-SW (o NNE-SSW) i WNW-ESE (de vegades NW-SE), corresponents a les alineacions catalana i ibèrica, respectivament. Igualment, el recorregut s´inclou dintre d´aquesta zona, d´acord amb el treball de GUIMERÀ et altri (1992). En funció d´aquestes circumstàncies ens trobarem molts indrets amb clares interferències entre les dues direccions acabades d´esmentar; tot i que en aquestes interferències predominarà quasi sempre en aquesta zona, la direcció ibèrica. Aquest conjunt, es troba constituït majoritàriament per relleus mesozoics (fonamentalment pertanyents al Cretàcic i al Juràssic), de naturalesa calcària.Per altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari transitarà per la gran comarca històrica del Maestrat-Maestrazgo, (coincident en bona part amb la unitat geològica del mateix nom). Tot i així, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca: la de l´Alcalatén (de la de Castelló). Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà per es immediacions de Vistabella del Maestrat, des d´on s´anirà cap a la població d´Atzeneta del Maestrat. Finalitzarà, per altra banda, prop de les Useres.
Kin Groups and Social Power at the Harris Site, Southwestern New Mexico
Authors: Roth Barbara J. , Baustian Kathryn M.
Published: July 2015

The Late Pithouse period in the Mimbres Mogollon region of southwestern New Mexico was a dynamic time during which many social changes occurred. One of the more significant of these changes appears to be related to the role of land-holding kin groups at some of the larger pithouse sites. We present bioarchaeological data from our recent excavations at the Harris Site in the Mimbres River Valley to illustrate that certain kin groups were gaining social power compared to others in the village. We discuss the reasons for these power differentials and the implications that they have for understanding the myriad other social changes occurring valley-wide at the end of the Pithouse period.
Near-Infrared Spectrometry of Stone Celts in Precontact British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Morin Jesse
Published: July 2015

Research into broad patterns of trade and exchange in precontact British Columbia, Canada, has been very limited. This paper addresses that shortcoming by presenting the results of a mineralogical study of 1,374 stone celts and 131 sawn cores from which celts were manufactured from 196 archaeological sites across British Columbia. These artifacts were an integral part of the woodworking toolkits of aboriginal peoples in this region from ca. 3500 B.P. to around contact at about 180 B.P. The mineralogy of these artifacts was determined using a portable near-infrared spectrometer, and the resulting data mapped using Geographic Information Systems. The results of this study indicate that celt production and exchange largely occurred within five discrete celt stone regions. For two of these celt stone regions—the Salish Sea and the Canadian Plateau—1 argue that these represent interaction spheres. Only in the Salish Sea were considerable numbers of celts imported from another region. For the remaining three regions, not enough data are available on the geological distribution of various celt stones or on the spatial patterns of celt production to differentiate regional interaction from individual procurement and production.
John Beach Rinaldo: Quintessential Culture Historian
Authors: Nash Stephen E.
Published: July 2015

During an archaeological career that spanned four decades, John Beach Rinaldo (1912-1999) made substantive contributions to the delineation and definition of the Mogollon Culture, the culture history of west-central New Mexico and east-central Arizona, and the identification of material relationships between precolumbian cultures and modern-day Zuni. For a variety of reasons, Rinaldo is overshadowed by his Field Museum collaborator Paul Sidney Martin. As a result, historians of archaeology have failed to critically evaluate Rinaldo's career and contributions. This paper offers a controlled analysis and comparison of data in unpublished archives, artifact collections at the Field Museum, and the published record to illuminate previously unrecognized but important aspects of Rinaldo's many contributions to archaeological knowledge, method, and theory.
El fenómeno WhatsApp en el contexto de la comunicación personal: una aproximación a través de los jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Rubio Romero Juana , Perlado Lamo de Espinosa Marta
Published: July 2015

La comunicación mediada por el contexto tecnológico y el despliegue digital ha cambiado. El enorme desarrollo de los Smartphone, que ha posibilitado el acceso a internet, ha favorecido el gran desarrollo de la mensajería instantánea hasta el punto que aplicaciones como WhatsApp se han convertido en la principal vía para relacionarse entre los jóvenes, con la ventaja de aportar una comunicación más personal y controlada. El presente estudio pretende comprender el éxito del fenómeno WhatsApp entre los jóvenes universitarios, explorando las claves de su conquista, así como las actitudes que genera su utilización comparativamente con otros sistemas de comunicación virtual habituales. Para ello, además de revisar los informes y estudios divulgados acerca de esta cuestión, este trabajo se apoya en los resultados del Observatorio cualitativo “Jóvenes y Comunicación” de la Universidad Nebrija y de una investigación ad-hoc basada en entrevistas y en dinámicas de grupo con jóvenes universitarios.