bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness Survey of Inhabitants Exposure to Radiological Impacts on Mines in Yauri LGA, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahijjo Yusuf Musa , Baba-Kutigi A. N. , Momoh M. , Bayawa A. M. , Hussain M.
Published: February 2022

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yauri LGA, Kebbi State in between April, 2015 and January, 2016 in order to ascertain the level of awareness of inhabitant’s exposure to radioactivity from the mines. Yauri LGA was sampled based on its metropolitan and suburban parts that receives heavy mining activities by stratified random sampling by proportions. An interactive medium was created to sample the opinions of inhabitants around these mines through questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaire were designed, 30 were accepted by the respondents and 22 were returned with response from the correspondents during the survey and interview to document and assessment awareness of the inhabitants. The study unveiled facts about the inhabitant’s awareness towards the environmental and health effect of indiscriminate mining activities around living places. The results shows that over 70% of the inhabitants within the suburb and metropolis concurred to the potential health consequences in their dwellings as a result of exposure to radioactivity from the mines respectively. These results indicates that the environmental and health discomfort due to indiscriminate mining activities around living places will be more significant in the near future if no immediate efforts are put in place to mimic future malady. The second aspect of this study whose results will be published in the subsequent issue involved collection of soil, water and vegetation samples in order to further assess the level of radioactive elements viz: 226Ra, 232Th and 40K occurrence in the study locality.
Data Mining Techniques Applying on Educational Dataset to Evaluate Learner Performance Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Job Minimol Anil
Published: February 2022

Due to the advancement of technology in this digital era, academic institutions are bringing out graduates as well as generating enormous amounts of data from their systems. Hidden information and hidden patterns in large datasets can be efficiently analyzed with data mining techniques. Application of data mining techniques improves the performance of many organizational domains and the concept can be applied in the education sectors for their performance evaluation and improvement. Understanding the business value of the collected data it can be used for classifying and predicting the students’ behavior, academic performance, dropout rates, and monitoring progression and retention. This paper discusses how application of data mining can help the higher education institutions by enabling better understanding of the student data and focuses to consolidate clustering algorithms as applied in the context of educational data mining.
Application of Big Data and the Internet of Things in Industry 4.0
Authors: Mendes Cleiton R. , Osaki Rapfael Y. , Da Costa Cesar
Published: February 2022

Recent technological developments have altered the working conditions in manufacturing industries. Currently, the term Industry 4.0 is used to describe the fourth industrial revolution that has enabled the digitization of the value chain. This revolution has also enabled the connection of production sites via intelligent information systems, which means that machines can communicate with other machines and products. In addition, more accurate data can be delivered, and information can be processed in real time. However, history says that technological development takes time. The complete adoption and realization of the potential of Industry 4.0 will likely require about 20 years. Our discussion in this paper is based on a particular example of an automation integration platform. To understand the potential of big data and the Internet of Things in manufacturing companies, we investigated the production process of an auto parts company. Currently, data is collected manually and automatically. Other types of data are automatically recorded by an information system. Depending on where in the production process the data is collected, the data are logged and processed using different systems.
Study Effect of Objects Orientation in the Mediums On GPR Signal Reflections Using FDTD Simulation
Authors: Mint Mohamed Mostapha Aye , Alsharahi Gamil , Driouach Abdellah
Published: February 2022

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a very effective tool for detecting and identifying objects below the ground surface.  based on  the propagation and reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The GPR reflection can be affected by many things like the type of objects orientation, their shapes ..ect. The purpose of this paper is to  study by simulation the effect of objects orientation in two different mediums (dry and wet sand) on the GPR signal reflection using Reflexw software which is based on a numerical method known as finite difference in time domain (FDTD).  The simulations that have been realized included a conductor  and dielectric objects. The results obtained have led us to find that the propagation path, the reflection strength and the signal form change with the change of object orientation and nature. To confirm the validity of the results, we compared them with experimental results previously published by researchers under the same conditions.
Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Detection using Programmable Microprocessor and Sensor Technologies
Authors: Rustemli Sabir , Dautov Cigdem P. , Gazigil Leyla
Published: February 2022

Most living forms of life need clean water, air and nutrient resources to maintain a healthy life. The increased population and industrial and technological development have caused more energy needs. This affects air quality (AQ) and hence human health negatively. Because AQ is critical for human health, various measurement and analysis methods are developed and the amount and variety of airborne pollutants are examined by today's methods such as passive and active samplers, automatic analyzers and remote sensors. In this study, AQ measurement is aimed to create an alternative to ready remote sensing systems by designing low cost and programmable microprocessor system which allows in place and instant data collection. Arduino, an electronic prototype platform, is used to collect, transfer and process sensor data. An interface was coded using the Visual Studio to make the data instantaneously analyzed by any program on the computer. The BEUHavaKalite device is a handheld AQ measurement device providing a wide range of measurements, gas diversity, calibrated according to the internal and external environment, high sensitivity and low cost. The other unit of this system is HavaKaliteSoft, the user interface for transferring and processing the sensor measurement results to the computer. This system tests have been carried out in Tatvan and Merkez districts of Bitlis province and the measurements confirm the accuracy of the device. The device is especially important because it allows scientists working in this field to collect data related to the field of AQ and carry out detailed studies.
Grid Monte Carlo Simulation of a Medical Linear Accelerator
Authors: Samir Didi , Zerfaoui Mustapha , Moussa Abdelilah , Benkhouya Yassine , El Ouartiti Mehdi
Published: February 2022

A full grid simulation of the head of an Elekta Synergy Platform medical linear accelerator is performed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo platform. The simulation includes all components of the accelerator head and a homogeneous water phantom. Results in terms of depth doses and lateral dose profiles are presented for 6 MV photon beam with the 10x10 cm2 reference field size at 100 cm distance from the source. Overall, a good agreement with the measured dose data is achieved with a precision better than 0.93% and 2.63% for the depth dose profile and lateral dose profiles respectively.
Model for Deflection Analysis in Cantilever Beam
Authors: Oladejo Kolawole Adesola , Abu Rahaman , Bamiro Olufemi Adebisi
Published: February 2022

Exposure to Finite Element Method is beneficial to undergraduate engineering students; and educators have an obligation to introduce students to modern engineering tools. However, teaching of the course is computational intensive and existing propriety software are very expensive. Different approaches to introducing students to the FEM have been proposed. Existing approaches make use of learning modules of commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) packages such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, COMSOL Multiphysics, ALGOR, JL AutoFEA Analyzer and PRO/MECHANICA. This paper presents an in-house developed finite-element-based computer model via the virtual work principle using Linear Strain Triangular (LST) elements for deflection analysis on cantilever beam. The validation and capability characteristics was demonstrated by applying it to a cantilever beam, subjected to a point load, using both coarse (4-element) and fine (10-element) meshes. The model gave results very close to those obtained analytically; the 10-element mesh gave better results than the 4-element mesh. The model has made the analysis more flexible, and also made visualization and presentation of results easier for better judgment. It facilitates the presentation of the basic rules which govern FEA and helps in the learning of different aspects of the numerical technique; hence the model will serve as reliable tool in undergraduate engineering programme
Computational Investigation of Turbulent Flow Development in 180° Channel with Circular Cross Section
Authors: Hossain Md. Safayet , Hossain Md. Ishtiaque
Published: February 2022

The present study focuses on the analysis of flow characteristics inside a 180° bent channel by adopting two distinct RANS model namely, Realizable k-? and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The computation results, obtained from both case study have been validated against experimental data at different cross-sections throughout the bend region and downstream tangent for velocity distribution. The anisotropic behavior of turbulent flow was illustrated for both case study inside the bend region and it has been established that after 3° the flow gradually became more intense at the outer core. Pressure coefficient throughout the u-channel was depicted for both turbulence model and a characteristic feature has been obtained. Due to centrifugal force and high inlet Reynolds number, a pair of counter-rotating Dean vortices were constructed at different stations inside the bend region. From both demonstrations, it was revealed that, Realizable k-? model provided relatively better approximation.
Wattle and Daub Experimental Workshop: Durability Testing after 14 years of Uninterrupted Use
Authors: Cuitiño Rosales María Guadalupe , Esteves Alfredo
Published: February 2022

An important factor to analyze when studying the useful lifetime of earth constructions is the detection of any constructive pathologies that may occur; an important consideration when building a house; yet in Argentina information on building with wattle and daub is scarce. This paper describes a durability test conducted on an experimental workshop built with wattle and daub technology in 2004, in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. The building has a floor area of 33.63 m2 (5.70 m x 5.90 m), and houses an experimental workshop for thermal energy research and the construction of solar equipment. During the 14 years that the workshop has been in use, the wattle and daub walls have been exposed to various environmental forces, such as rain, wind, and earthquakes. However, its thermal behavior has remained constant over time, maintaining a difference in temperature of 5.8ºC between the inside and outside without auxiliary heating. In general, the construction has been well-preserved and serves the purpose for which it was built, thus proving that wattle and daub constructions will remain in optimum condition for at least 14 years with minimal maintenance required to prevent surface materials from deteriorating.
Development of Computer-Based Model for Design and Analyses of Worm Gearing Mechanism
Authors: Oladejo Kolawole Adesola , Abu Rahaman , Oriolowo Kolawole Taofeek , Adetan Dare Aderibigbe , Bamiro Olufemi Adebisi
Published: February 2022

Current computer software for designing gear systems have limited flexibility and few offer multiple gearing design options. The objective of this study was to develop an interactive package for the design and analyses of worm gearing mechanisms. The worm gears were designed based on full-depth involute teeth. Mathematical models were developed to compute geometry factors for surface durability of single-enveloping worm gearing cases which were extracted from established American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) standards. Maximum percentage errors from the geometry features, bending loads and wear loads are 0.97%, 3.27% and 1.77% respectively and insignificant. A software capable of computing geometry parameters, bending and wear loads, and selecting appropriate materials for worm mechanisms with good accuracy has been developed.
2,5-Dimethylfuran for Internal Combustion Engines: Potential and Development
Authors: Nguyen Danh Chan , Dong Van Huong
Published: February 2022

Transportation is facing two major challenges: renewable energy supplies and clean transport. On the other hand, the pressure from environmental pollution has led regulators around the world to come up with laws that have forced the auto and petrochemical industries to develop new technologies that reduce emissions and improve the quality of life. fuel economy. 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF), which is considered to be a new generation of promising alternative fuels, has the potential to reduce global fossil fuel shortage and air pollution problems. This article introduces the technical specifications and emissions of 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF), DMF production and application potential, developing DMF as alternative fuel sources in the World and in Vietnam.
Potential Renewable Energy Aiming at the Sustainable Development in Vietnam
Authors: Dong Van Huong
Published: February 2022

Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas meet most of the energy needs of people, but fossil fuels are unsustainable. The use of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of climate change and it has a serious impact on human health. In addition, these fuels are depleting, so the research and use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal or biomass is a necessity. In this paper, we mention some of the main reasons for promoting the development of renewable energy, the potential and the reality of renewable energy exploitation in Vietnam. In addition, we also outline the main reasons that hinder the development and exploitation of renewable energy sources in Vietnam.
Power Generation Cost and Quality of Household Electricity Generator as a Back-up for Grid Supply in Nigeria
Authors: Koledoye Titus Olugbenga , Ogunrewo Olukolade F. , Musilim Abiodun A.
Published: February 2022

In this paper operation data were collected to   evaluate petrol (PMS) fuel when used as primary source of energy to generate electricity. The analysis highlight cost effectiveness and power quality of this means of generating electricity. For the exercise, a 2 KVA electric power generator was loaded from 800W to 1200W at 100W increment and one hour duration respectively for each load. The Data collected during generator operation include the load current, supplied voltage, power frequency, power factor and power consumed at five minutes interval for each load value. The generated Data were analyzed using mathematical and graphical approach to determine the generated power quality and unit cost of generation. The results, compared with the grid, show that the grid is far more economical and have better power quality.
Compatibilization of Vulcanized SBR/NBR Blends using Cis-Polybutadiene Rubber: Influence of Blend Ratio on Elastomer Properties
Authors: Doma Ahmed Salah , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Abboudy Sayed , Belal Mohammed A. , Khattab Sherine N. , El-Bardan Ali A
Published: February 2022

Blends composed of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) were fabricated by melt blending technique using two-roll mill blend machine. Cis- polybutadiene rubber (CBR) was used as a compatibilizer for enhancing the homogeneity between SBR and NBR phases in blends. Although, no previous reports were found to discuss improving electrical properties of vulcanized SBR/NBR blends using unfilled rubber system (i.e. no fillers incorporated).  Raman spectra and SEM images indicate that a significant compatibility within the rubber matrix is observed, due to using CBR compatibilizer. The effect of SBR/NBR blend ratio on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, and physicochemical properties (e.g. network characteristics and thermodynamic parameters) were studied. SBR/NBR blend showed comparatively better mechanical properties, compared to each other individually rubber system. Curing parameters e.g. Mooney viscosity and hardness were increased, while a reduction in cure time and specific gravity was observed with increasing SBR ratio in blends. Results revealed that increasing SBR resulted in an enhancement of the tensile strength, modulus at 300 % and elongation at break up to 40 phr, and then gradually decreased. The TGA results indicated that SBR/NBR blends were thermally decomposed at a temperature range of 340-520°C. The notable decrease of DC conductivity (?dc) of vulcanized blends is owing to the decrease of NBR, which is a polar portion and is responsible for increasing the conductivity of vulcanized blends. This proved that the targeted industrial applications for vulcanized blends are entirely depending upon SBR/NBR blend in elastomers matrix.
Strategies for Maritime Development: A case in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong
Published: February 2022

Strategic assessors of the 21st century are "The Century of the Ocean," because, along with current economic and demographic growth, natural resources, especially non-renewable resources on land, will be exhausted after several decades. The world economy is increasingly dependent on the sea and the ocean. About 70% of the world's industrial potential is in the 500km wide area of ??the coast. The mineral, biological and marine resources of the oceans and oceans have an important implication for the world economy. Marine ecosystems are the most important resource with hundreds of thousands of animals, plants, and microorganisms. Sea is a diversified and abundant source of seafood, chemicals, salt, oil and gas, clean energy from the sea and oceans, wind, seawater, ocean currents, and the tide is being exploited for transportation, energy and countless other human benefits. The sea and the continental shelf are waterways that can develop tourism, sightseeing and recreation activities. The role of marine economics, including maritime economics, has become increasingly important and has been identified as a key sector for investment. This paper analyzes the advantages, limitations, and causes in maritime economic development, and draws on experiences to develop the maritime economy.
Design of Dust Dispersion System for Explosion Chamber KV-150 M2
Authors: Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana
Published: February 2022

Dust explosions are a major hazard in many industrial processes. In operations such as crushing and grinding, conveying, classifying and storage, an explosion may occur in the presence of combustible dusts or powders. Such explosions can result in loss of production, process equipment and quite possibly human life. This paper is oriented on design of dust dispersion system for explosion chamber KV-150 M2. The explosion chamber KV-150 M2 is designed to measure the explosion parameters of dispersed dusts.
An Intelligent Cardiac Ailment Prediction Using Efficient ROCK Algorithm and K- Means & C4.5 Algorithm
Authors: Perwej Yusuf , Parwej Firoj , Akhtar Nikhat
Published: February 2022

The data mining techniques have the ability to discover hidden patterns or correlation among the objects in the medical data. There are many areas that adapt data mining techniques, namely marketing, stock, health care sector and so on. In the health care industry produces gigantic quantities of data that clutches complex information relating to the sick person and their medical conditions. The data mining has an infinite potential to make use of healthcare data more effectually and efficiently to predict various kinds of disease. The present-time healthcare industry heart ailment is a term that assigns to an enormous number of health care circumstances related to heart. These medical circumstances relate to the unexpected health circumstance that straight control the cardiac.  In this paper we are using a ROCK algorithm because it uses Jaccard coefficient on the contrary using the distance measures to find the similarity between the data or documents to classify the clusters and the contrivance for classifying the clusters based on the similarity measure shall be used over a given set of data. Afterward, C4.5 algorithm is used as the training algorithm to show the rank of a cardiac ailment with the decision tree. The C4.5 can be referred as the statistic classifier as well as this algorithm uses avail radio for feature selection and to build the decision tree. The C4.5 algorithm is widely used because of its expeditious classification and high exactitude. Lastly, the cardiac ailment database is clustered using the K-means clustering, which will alienate the data convenient to cardiac sickness from the database.
Influence of Acetylene on Ripening Process of Avocado Pear and Orange Fruits
Authors: Abdulwahab Ismail Durojaiye , Abubakar Lawan Garba , Mohammed Aminu , Abdulrahman A. H. , Nwachukwu Ndidiamaka Gladys , Usman Danladi D.
Published: February 2022

Postharvest handling on ripening process of avocado and orange fruits was conducted in this study. Ripening systems which include application of acetylene gas generated from overripe banana (T1), storage in airtight drum (T2) and use of smoke (T3) were adopted while fresh samples without any treatment were used as control (C) measure. The results obtained revealed a general trend indicating that both treated climacteric fruits begun to ripen on the third day with scoring values of 3.33±0.33 and 2.67±0.33 for avocado and orange fruits respectively except for control which showed ripening symptom on day five with scoring values of 3.33±0.33 and 3.00±0.00 for the fruits respectively. T1 and C maintain fully ripen state on the fruits as other systems begun to rotten samples on the 8th day of storage duration. Sensory evaluations for both samples under acetylene treatment were very good and pleasantly good throughout the period of observation in term of texture, appearance and flavour as compared to other treatments except that the flavour were fairly bad and fairly good at the initial stage and on day 2 respectively. Acetylene treatment on both sample has demonstrated high tendency to sustain textural feel on fruits under this postharvest handling process without any noticeable deteriorative changes and can be recommended for application in food processing industries.
Development and Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Pulse Added Protein Rich Pasta
Authors: Balasooriya Ronali Navoda , Wickramasinghe I.
Published: February 2022

Sri Lanka is experiencing a nutritional transition along with under-nutrition, overweight, and obesity. Consumers are becoming health conscious and pasta products are fetching great attention. However, legumes and cereals are nutritionally complementary, where together provide the essential amino acid profile for vegans. In this study, wheat semolina was substituted with soya and mung flour to develop five pasta formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5). F1 - soy 40%, F2 - soy 30% & mung 10%, F3 -soy 20% & mung 20%, F4 - soy 10% & mung 30%, F5 - mung 40%. All the samples have the protein content of more than 15% which complies with the local regulation. All the five samples were evaluated for the proximate composition, cooking time and sensory qualities. Pulse incorporated pasta show increased cooking time compared to control. According to the sensory evaluation data, there is a significant difference among the five samples for color, texture, taste and overall acceptability but there is no significant difference among the sample for mouth feel of the product. Based on physicochemical & proximate composition, cooking time and sensory qualities, pasta containing soy flour (40%) resulted in better quality having more nutritional elements and highest overall acceptability.
Smart Devices Threats, Vulnerabilities and Malware Detection Approaches: A Survey
Authors: D BalaGanesh , Chakrabarti Amlan , Midhunchakkaravarthy Divya
Published: February 2022

In recent times, malware detection mechanism systems of mobile smart devices are getting growing concentration from researchers. With the quick expansion of malwares found in mobile devices, preventing the secrecy of mobile users is incredibly imperative and necessary. Intrusion detection systems are programming devices that consequently assemble information, dissect it and recognize such occurrences. These systems advanced to intrusion aversion systems (IPS) including extra counteractive action capacities.   In Intrusion detection systems, accuracy rate plays a significant role in measuring the effectiveness of an approach. One of the motivations of this study is to increase the true positive as well as reducing the false-positive rates beyond other studies.
A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnostic and Treatment Methods for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Davis Michelle
Published: February 2022

Ovarian cancer is amongst the most life-threatening malignancy of the female reproductive system, whereas 90% of those ovarian cancers are epithelial with an overall poor five-year survival rate of 44% across all stages and all races [1]–[2], [31]. This paper aims to review the current treatment and diagnostic strategies for ovarian cancer [3]. Using grounded substantial research, multiple figures were developed to show the relations of ovarian cancer diagnostics and ovarian cancer therapeutics.  It is a great start to look into what may be causing most patients to become resistant to the current standard of care, platinum-based chemotherapeutics, for ovarian cancer [4]. A comprehensive literature review will be used to understand the genetic basis of the disease and possible cancer growth patterns, so we could possibly introduce better diagnostics and therapeutics [5]. The findings show that there are a variety of treatments options other than the standard of care, platinum-based therapy [6]. Nanoparticle encapsulation therapy is one way that has been approved by the FDA to therapeutically treat ovarian cancer without the platinum resistant side effects [7]. Also, the discovery of different diagnostics for ovarian cancer can help with better individualized treatments for patients with different forms of ovarian cancer [8]. Currently, the only serous diagnostic test for the detection of ovarian cancer is high levels of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125), which is only shown in 50% of early staged ovarian cancers [16]. The main treatment option for ovarian cancer is platinum-based drugs, in which most cases of patients with ovarian cancer will become resistant. Detecting and treating ovarian cancer while the cells are small, contained, and still in the early stages in vivo still remains to be a challenge [9]. Here, we will demonstrate the bioelectrical interactions of the ovarian cancer cells fused with the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the use of an MRI. The findings demonstrate that the diagnostic method for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer requires the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with specific ligand external profiles as a contrast reagent to make the small-sized ovarian cancer cells appear more visible under MRI.
Fatigue Behavior of Heat Treated AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Mohammed Shahad Jassim , Mahdi Sahib Mohammed
Published: February 2022

This research was done by using three groups, of heat treated AZ31 Magnesium alloy. First group was as received samples, second group was recrystallization annealing samples and third group was solution treated samples. Fatigue test are carried out for applying forces (5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 17.5N) these forces convert to stresses. The stress values are (50.4, 75.6, 100.9, 151.3 and 176.5 Mpa). Fatigue curves have been recorded for heat treated AZ31 Magnesium alloy, also one specimen from each fatigue test group is subjected to hardness and surface roughness test. The results show the as received group fatigue when compared to recrystallization annealing and solution treatment , the failure occur in high number of cycling because of the alloy made by hot extrusion process so it has high compressive stress in addition to high strain hardening.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulation Using Wall Function Approach in OpenFoam CFD Software
Authors: Okafor Chinedum Vincent , Ezeokonkwo U. John , Obodoh Dominic Anosike , Ogunoh Peter
Published: February 2022

The significant development in computer resources in the past years has increased the awareness of computational fluid dynamics as an alternative tool to the costly wind tunnel testing. The paper presented the application of CFD technique for a case study in simulating an existing site together with a proposed building and the local landscape. Finally, the limitations of the code analytical methods to the CFD method for wind around building analysis were discussed. From the result obtained, it was observed that the British standard (BS6399-2:1997) procedures are based on general assumptions and are not always conservative and do not provide accurate wind load results due to complex geometrical shapes, aerodynamic interaction, torsion, and load combinations as discussed in section VII.
Finite Element Analysis of Vortex Induced Responses of Multistory Rectangular Building
Authors: Okafor Chinedum Vincent
Published: February 2022

High-rise buildings may experience high levels of vibrations under the actions of wind which cause building motions, adversely affecting serviceability and occupant comfort. The paper analyzed the vortex shedding responses of a multistory building with moment resisting frame. It presents a numerical model based on computational wind engineering technique to simulate the wind action over a typical high-rise building using wind speed data of Lagos state Nigeria. The vortex shedding frequency of the vortices and the natural frequency of vibration of the entire high-rise building structural system were calculated by computing fast Fourier transform algorithm (FFT) of the force coefficient and finite element analysis (FEA) of the structural system respectively. From the result obtained, the vortex shedding frequency of the wind vortices was lower than the fundamental frequency of vibration of the typical high-rise building. Hence, vortex shedding was not responsible for the failure of high-rise buildings in the locality being considered due to the reasons stated in the author’s conclusion.
The Behavior of Olive Stone Powder at High Temperature Steel Corrosion
Authors: Qassim Rami A. , Mahdi Sahib M. , Majeed Jafar G.
Published: February 2022

Corrosion of metals is the most significant and difficult life problems, especially its produce an economical losses, therefore, many researches carried out in various fields in order to reduce the bad effect of corrosion, particularly in acidic environments. Using corrosion inhibitors is one of the methods of prevention  corrosion, which come up on organic and inorganic materials, in this study, dried Olive stone powder used as corrosion inhibitor in solutions of hydrochloric acid with concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 molarity at 40  and 55 , where 10 gm per litter of acid. The corrosion rates of mild steel samples were measured using potentiostat device with reference of calomel electrode. The result shows that corrosion rate reduced by adding the Olive stone powder. The highest inhibition efficiency percent for acid solutions with concentration of 1.5 molarity is 93.8% at 55 , while the lowest was 49.6% in the 0.5 molarity solution at 55 . The chemical composition of the Olive stone powder is shown to be an organic matter of a high carbon and hydrogen content making a carbonyl compound which has the greatest effect in inhibition corrosion in acidic solutions such as hydrochloric acid.
Variant Design and Fabrication of an Earth Tunneling Machine
Authors: Obot Obotowo W. , Ite O. O. , Ben J. M.
Published: February 2022

Earth tunneling machine is an equipment used in drilling tunnels under the road surface for the laying of pipes or cables.  The earth tunneling machine was produced locally using available materials through simple machining and joining processes.  The machine comprised major components like the driving shaft/boring head, the pulling mechanism, the sand extraction system, the control unit, the machine base and housing which were locally produced and assembled.  Using the machine to drill soil samples from Ekpene Ukim- Uruan; Mbiabong – Uyo; Ikot Obiodongo – Ibesikpo; and Anua Obio - Uyo, the strength of soil samples by the California Bearing Ratio (CBT) test at drilling depths was determined to be 0.444 MPa, 0.417 MPa, 0.420 MPa, and 0.458 MPa, respectively.  The test result demonstrates the performance of a functional model earth tunneling machine, thus indicating the realization of the objective of the research work.
Genetic Engineering -Tool for Mankind
Authors: Mandal Shashwat , Bach Christian
Published: February 2022

This study was conveyed to send a driven research of Genetic Engineering its Tools, Applications, as well as Ethics which are some of the areas of Genetic Engineering which has impact on human life. Some people think Genetic Engineering as a boon where as some people think genetic engineering are way to interrupt the natural process. The motivation behind this paper is to show a review to discuss some of factors in Genetic Engineering that makes Genetic Engineering a need for mankind. The main goal of the study was to inspect various Tools, Application along with Ethics in Genetic Engineering as a tool for mankind.
Evaluation of Monetary Challenges Affecting Operations of Private Tertiary Colleges in Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: Mugo A. N.
Published: February 2022

Tertiary colleges are the institution in between the secondary and the universities. They are set aside for those students who fail to join universities due to failure of meeting entry points or lack of requisite fees. Most of these institutions are run by private sectors while a small percentage is run by public sectors. Due to various challenges here have been instances of monetary constraints in these institutions. This facilitated this study which hunted to evaluate the monetary challenges affecting operations of the private tertiary colleges. The study sought to establish the access of funds and credit facilities on operations of the aforestated private tertiary colleges. The pecking order theory guided the study. The study was conducted amongst private tertiary colleges in Nakuru town, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design with target population of 109 employees of these institutions. A census survey was conducted. The study employed a questionnaire to collect primary data. Data was processed and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Descriptive and inferential analyses were duly conducted. The findings indicated that access of funds and credit facilities affect operations of private tertiary colleges positively and that the relationship between the two constructs is statistically significant (r = 0.665; p < 0.01). The study concluded that the role played by funds and credit facilities in the Operations of private tertiary colleges cannot be understated. It is recommended that the management of private tertiary colleges should devise various sources of funding such as initiating income-generating projects and liaise with corporate entities for sponsorship of needy students.
Thermo-economic Analysis of a Retrofit Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant
Authors: Nkoi Barinyima , Koate Confidence , Hart Howells Idaerefagha
Published: February 2022

This paper evaluates the thermo-economics of a retrofit small scale municipal solid waste (MSW)-fueled power plant in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The design parameters for the combustion chamber which utilizes mass combustion in stoker crate furnace is operated at steam saturation pressure of 38.2bar, with fuel consumption rate of 41.3tonnes/hr (11.88kg/s) and was selected for the amount of MSW generated in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data used to assess the availability of the fuel (MSW) were obtained from waste dumpsites controlled by Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA). MATLAB Software modeling was used for the thermodynamic analysis to appropriately retrofit a steam turbine to the selected combustor and the result show that the optimal performance of the proposed MSW plant gives a net power output of 5.23MW.  The result further shows that heat in the steam entering the turbine is equivalent to 0.71MWh per tonnes of waste. Therefore, at 17.3% thermal efficiency of the proposed MSW plant, 0.13 MWh of electricity will be produced per tonnes of waste combusted. However, it is estimated that the plant may consume 15% of the electricity, which implies that 0.11MWh/tonne will be exported to the grid. Thus, as the plant is expected to process 340770.3tonnes/yr of MSW, the net electricity output of the proposed plant is estimated at 37.48GWh per year. The economic evaluations have shown that the Net present worth of the plant is $6395107.07 with a payback period of 7years for a 20years life cycle. This work thus indicates huge potentials in generating electrical energy and wealth from MSW in Port Harcourt and beyond with the use of cheap and readily available fuel from municipal solid waste.
The CodeEazee Tool Support for Computational Thinking in Python
Authors: Oladipo Francisca Onaolapo , Ibrahim Memunat A.
Published: February 2022

This paper describes the development of CodeEazee, a problem solving, self- teaching tool for python programming which deploys templates and games. In this work, the authors conducted a survey to determine the factors responsible for the reduced interests of learners in programming, reviewed the various approaches used in teaching programming, and developed a python-for-python teaching system to teach programming skills, computational thinking, algorithms’ design, programming in general and Python programming specifically. The work would show how the third party environment had enabled users with limited or no programming experiences to design applications through peer supports, templates and gamification, embedded in a programming tool.
Design and Fabrication of a Modified Portable Biogas Digester for Renewable Cooking-Gas Production
Authors: Nkoi Barinyima , Lebele-Alawa Barinadaa Thaddeus , Odobeatu Benedict
Published: February 2022

This research paper focuses on re-engineering design and fabrication of a modified potable biogas digester for the production of biogas as a renewable energy source for domestic use. Digesters used around the world are commonly big in size. There is need to modify and re-engineer an existing biogas digester to fit in to modern day design for better efficiency, portability and safety. Floating drum and Flexible balloon are digesters to be modified as a thin walled pressure vessel with radius-thickness ratio  greater than 10. ASME codes and standards were used to carry out the sizing calculations, thickness and pressure calculations for the cylindrical pressure vessel shells and also calculations for the storage tank hemisphere shell. AISI 304 (Chromium-Nickel steel) is used for the vessel shell and the maximum allowable stress is 137 MPa. Weld efficiency (85%), corrosion allowance (0.02mm),  of 24 (for digester),  of 18 (for collector) and  of 20 (storage tank). 17 kg of cow dung and 34 kg of water with temperature of 32oC were the raw materials used for this research to produce a cumulative gas volume of 0.1243 m3 for 30 days. Furthermore, a bike pump is modified and used to increase methane gas pressure from 4.903 kPa to 345 kPa to suit the modern day gas cookers design and storage tank. Unlike other biogas plant, an electronic smoke alarm detector (model: Ei100) is placed 300 mm below the digester top for effective fire protection. Series of tests were performed to ensure that the constructed prototype met the specifications/standards. Such test include, smoke detector test, pressure testing, gas leak test, and a unit test run also confirmed that the aim of research was achieved.
Comparative Study of Oil Production Forecast by Decline Curve Analysis and Material Balance
Authors: Anyadiegwu Charley Iyke , Ohia Nnaemeka Princewill
Published: February 2022

Comparative analysis of forecast of rate of production of oil from a reservoir using decline curve analysis and material balance was presented. The data for reservoir A located Southeast, Nigeria was obtained for the study. The analysis on the well using decline curve analysis showed that the rate of production from the well over the years followed an exponential method of decline. The rate of production of the well was predicted to be 158 stb/day in 2020. The second analysis on the well was performed using material balance with MBAL. The rate of production of the well was predicted to be 411.984 stb/day in 2020. It was also read from MBAL that the well will have a constant flow rate from the 20th year to the 31st year of the producing life of the well which is 2020. It is seen that the values of rates of production gotten from the prediction analyses of the well using the two methods of analysis differ. The rate in 2020 was predicted to be 158 stb/day using decline curve analysis and 411.984 stb/day using material balance
Device Applications of Metal-2D-Materials Interfaces A Short Review
Authors: Ahmad Faisal , Mansoori Amir , Bansal Sonia , Dhahi Th. S. , Ahmad Shamim
Published: February 2022

The electronic energy band gaps of 2D-materials are known to spread over a wide range from zero in graphene to > 6eV in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Various combinations of such engineered nanomaterials offer a number of novel device applications involving their unique optical, electronic, and thermal properties along with their higher charge carrier mobilities and saturation limited drift velocities. Structurally, these nanomaterials have single or multiple monolayers stuck together, which are not only suitable for flexible electron devices and circuits but also in preparing heterostructures (lateral as well as vertical configurations) that form super lattices with different kinds of band alignments. Such possibilities offer flexible control over the charge carrier transport in these materials via numerous types of exciton formations. Their extra sensitivity towards the presence of atomic, molecular and nanoparticulate species in their vicinity is the most significant aspect of these 2D-materials. This is the reason behind studying them in detail for detecting the presence of extremely low concentrations of the analyte that are not achievable in conventional sensors. For translating the above-said superlative properties of these fast emerging families of 2-D nanomaterials into usable devices and circuits, applying the conventional device fabrication technologies poses a real challenge. The experimental results reported in the context of forming usable interfaces between a metal and 2D-nanomaterial are examined here to assess their current status and future prospects. Their widespread applications are certainly anticipated in the fields like printed micro/nano sensors, large area electronics and printed intelligence with special reference to their emerging usages in Internet of Things (IoT) in the near future.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis a Tool for Reliability Evaluation: Review
Authors: Afolalu Adeniran Sunday , Enesi Y. Salawu , Kehinde Oluyemi , Samuel U. Ayuba , Ikechi V. Ihebom , Remilekun R. Elewa
Published: February 2022

The purpose of safety designing is generally not on cost, but rather on saving life and nature, and consequently bargains just with specific risky system failure modes. High reliability levels are the consequence of good designing, scrupulousness and dependably never the aftereffect of re-dynamic failure management. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a helpful technique analyzing engineering system reliability. The study focused on the use of FMEA technique to analyze the reliability of engineering equipment or components in selected areas such as: Wind Turbine component, Manufacturing Industries, Medical field and in evaluating the performances of Robots in different fields. The study showed the importance of FMEA as used widely in analyzing engineering equipment with regards to reliability.
Effects of Local Cooling Media on the Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated Mild Steel
Authors: Adebayo Adeyinka , Stephen Joseph Temitope , Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua
Published: February 2022

This paper reports the effects of local cooling media (groundnut oil, palm oil, shea butter and air) on the mechanical properties of heat treated mild steel. Tensile test, hardness test and microstructural analysis were carried out on the heat treated and as-purchased specimens. The results show significant differences in the mechanical properties of the heat treated specimens. The hardness profile showed higher values for palm oil-cooled, shea butter-cooled, and the groundnut oil-cooled specimens in an increasing of order respectively when compared with as-purchased specimen with 194.9 VHN, while a decrease in hardness was recorded for the air-cooled specimen. Furthermore, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the heat treated specimens obtained through the tensile test analysis showed an increase in yield strength for the groundnut oil-cooled (464.4 MPa) and the shea butter-cooled (412.9 MPa) specimens, and a decrease in yield strength for the air-cooled (358.3 MPa) and palm oil-cooled (307.7 MPa) specimens when compared with the as-purchased specimens (376.9 MPa). Also, the same trend was observed in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the specimens. In contrast, the ductility improved in air-cooled specimen (40.28) while decreased in the specimen cooled in the media when compared with as-purchased specimens (34.22). Furthermore, microstructural analysis revealed that the groundnut oil-cooled specimens gave a microstructural quality than the other heat treated specimens.
Modeling the Probability Distribution of Coordinates of Target, Detected by Two Sensors in Their Intersection Zone
Authors: Varbanov Vladimir D.
Published: February 2022

Sensors ability to accurately determine the coordinates of a target is often limited to one or two spatial coordinates, in example range at expense angle, as the accuracy is further degraded by noise of the signal. The problem can be mitigated by fusing the data of more than one sensor. The variance the fused coordinates can be evaluated theoretically or computationally through modeling. The paper focuses of the second approach.
Improving the Effectiveness of Protective Means through Modelling the Initial Kinematic Parameters of the Fragmentation Field
Authors: Petkov Stancho P. , Petkov Petko S. , Tumbarska Adelina D.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to develop a mathematical model describing the process of forming the initial kinematic parameters of the fragmentation field. Efforts to increase the effectiveness of ammunitions have been explored, namely increasing the area of damage, by using system for continuous initiation of the explosive substance. The results obtained can be used in the development of ammunitions designed for countering terrorist and other threats as components of critical infrastructure protection systems.