bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Incretin-Based Therapy Ready for the Care of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Schwartz Stanley , DeFronzo Ralph A.
Published: June 2013

Significant data suggest that overt hyperglycemia, either observed with or without a prior diagnosis of diabetes, contributes to an increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. In this regard, goal-directed insulin therapy has remained as the standard of care for achieving and maintaining glycemic control in hospitalized patients with critical and noncritical illness. As such, protocols to assist in the management of hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting have become commonplace in hospital settings. Clearly, insulin is a known entity, has been in clinical use for almost a century, and is effective. However, there are limitations to its use. Based on the observed mechanisms of action and efficacy, there has been a great interest in using incretin-based therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists instead of, or complementary to, an insulin-based approach to improve glycemic control in hospitalized, severely ill diabetic patients. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In this point narrative as presented below, Drs. Schwartz and DeFronzo provide an opinion that now is the time to consider GLP-1 receptor agonists as a logical consideration for inpatient glycemic control. It is important to note the recommendations they propose under “incretin-based approach” with these agents represent their opinion for use and, as they point out, well-designed prospective studies comparing these agents with insulin will be required to establish their efficacy and safety. In the counterpoint narrative following Drs. Schwartz and DeFronzo’s contribution, Drs. Umpierrez and Korytkowski provide a defense of insulin in the inpatient setting as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in hospitalized settings.

—William T. Cefalu

Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Pathways to Quality Inpatient Management of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes: A Call to Action
Authors: Draznin Boris , Gilden Janice , Golden Sherita H. , Inzucchi Silvio E. ,   for the PRIDE investigators
Published: June 2013

Currently patients with diabetes comprise up to 25–30% of the census of adult wards and critical care units in our hospitals. Although evidence suggests that avoidance of hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) is beneficial for positive outcomes in the hospitalized patient, much of this evidence remains controversial and at times somewhat contradictory. We have recently formed a consortium for Planning Research in Inpatient Diabetes (PRIDE) with the goal of promoting clinical research in the area of management of hyperglycemia and diabetes in the hospital. In this article, we outline eight aspects of inpatient glucose management in which randomized clinical trials are needed. We refer to four as system-based issues and four as patient-based issues. We urge further progress in the science of inpatient diabetes management. We hope this call to action is supported by the American Diabetes Association, The Endocrine Society, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Heart Association, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the International Diabetes Federation, and the Society of Hospital Medicine. Appropriate federal research funding in this area will help ensure high-quality investigations, the results of which will advance the field. Future clinical trials will allow practitioners to develop optimal approaches for the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient and lessen the economic and human burden of poor glycemic control and its associated complications and comorbidities in the inpatient setting.
Isotope record of environmental changes at the Skaliska Basin during the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Mirosław-Grabowska Joanna
Published: June 2013

The results of isotopic investigations of the Skaliska Basin sediments are presented. Stable isotope analyses were done for authigenic carbonates from three profiles: W1 - Piotrowo-Ławniki, W2 - Sąkieły Małe, and W4 - Budzewo. The profiles contain carbonate silts at the bottom, then calcareous detritus gyttja and organic silts and peat at the top. Palynological data indicate that sediment were accumulated in the Skaliska Basin from the final phase of the Younger Dryas to the Subboreal period. The values δ18O change from ca −9.4 to −4.5‰, and δ13C values varies from −5.1 to +0.1‰. Such a large range of isotopic data reflects changing conditions in the basin during accumulation of deposits (different water levels, water temperatures, and bioproduction). Based on the results of stable isotope analyses of the carbonates, isotopic zones (Is) were defined and characterized for each profile. The results of isotopic analysis enabled reconstruction of varying environmental conditions connected with lake deepening and/or influx of water enriched in light isotopes, climatic warming, and increase of biological activity. The Late Glacial deposits are characterized by δ18O values of ca −6.5-6‰ and δ13C of ca −1‰. In the transitional time between the Late Glacial and the Holocene, δ18O systematically falls below −8‰, reflecting a substantial change in the isotopic composition of the lake water, likely caused by to inflow of melt water. During the Preboreal period the δ18O as well as the δ13C values systematically decrease and reach minima (−8.4-9.4‰ for δ18O and ca −3.5-4.7‰ for δ13C). At the beginning of the Boreal period, an increase of ca 2‰ in δ18O is noted and is associated with climatic warming. During the Atlantic period the varying trends in the δ18O record are likely connected with changing precipitation/evaporation ratios, causing changes in the isotope composition of the water. The fluctuations of the isotopic values in the upper parts of the successions probably point to shallowing of the lake due to sedimentary infill.
Pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstruction of the Ferdynandovian sequence from Łuków (eastern Poland)
Authors: Pidek Irena Agnieszka
Published: June 2013

Early middle Pleistocene deposits from Łukow, correlated with the Cromerian complex, represent rare bi-partite Ferdynandovian pollen sequence encompassing two interglacial warmings (F1 and F2) separated by F1/2 cooling/glaciation and related to MIS 15-13. The paper presents pollen-based palaeoecological and palaeoclimate investigations in which plant climate indicators were applied. Additionally modern pollen dataset from the Roztocze region was used to evaluate vegetation history in terms of forest communities and presence and abundance of tree taxa sensitive to air temperature and humidity. Climate changes derived from pollen data indicate strong oceanic features of the climate of the first interglacial (F1) resembling those typical for the beginning of the Eemian, followed by cooling (F 1/2) with plant communities typical of the Pleistocene steppetundra, which undoubtedly indicate strong continentality, and subsequent return of more oceanic climate (F2) with mean remperature of the warmest month exceeding 18°C. Both pollen succession and climate changes recorded in the Łukow sediments correlate well with other bi-partite successions known from eastern part of European Lowlands.
Laser prototyping of printed circuit boards
Authors: Nowak M. , Antończak A. , Kozioł P. , Abramski K.
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the application of laser micromachining to rapid prototyping of printed circuit boards (PCB) using nano-second lasers: the solid-state Nd:YAG (532/1064 nm) laser and the Yb:glass fiber laser (1060 nm). Our investigations included tests for various mask types (synthetic lacquer, light-sensitive emulsion and tin). The purpose of these tests was to determine some of the basic parameters such as the resolution of PCB prototyping, speed of processing and quality of PCB mapping with commonly available laser systems. Optimization of process parameters and the proposed conversion algorithm have allowed us to produce circuit boards with a resolution similar to that of the Laser Direct Imaging (LDI) technology.
Efficacy of Two Inducing Agents, PG and DOM+SGNRH on the Induced Breeding of the Major Carp, Kalibaus (Labeo calbasu)
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Akhter Jesmin , Mushahida-Al-Noor Syeda
Published: June 2013

The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two inducing agents PG and DOM+SGnRH on the induced breading of Labeo calbasu. Three breeding trials were done with PG hormone as treatment 1 and three breeding trials were done with DOM + SGnRH as treatment 2. Total 8 pairs of brood fishes were collected from the Halda River and from the Jamuna River and reared in the pond, providing special diet up to their maturation. In case of treatment 1, the females were injected 1.5mg PG/kg body weight as initial dose and 6 mg PG/kg body weight as resolving dose. On the other hand, males were administered at the rate of 1.5 mg PG/kg body weight. On the contrary in case of treatment 2, the females and males were injected DOM+SGnRH at the rate of 12 mg/kg body weight and 3 mg/kg body weight respectively. In case of treatment 1, the intervals between initial and resolving dose were 5 hours and ovulation took place within 6 hours after the resolving doses. In case of treatment 2, only initial dose is required and ovulation occurred respectively within 7 hours. The mean rates of ovulation, fertilization and hatching were 100, 77.36 and 74.5%, respectively in treatment 1. The mean rates of ovulation, fertilization and hatching were 83.33, 63.83 and 59.66%, respectively in treatment 2.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8239 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 17-24
Studies on Length-weight and Length-length Relationships, Relative Condition Factor and Fulton’s Condition Factor of Hemiculter leucisculus (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Southwestern Caspian Sea Basin
Authors: Mousavi-Sabet H. , Habibi A. , Bagherpur O.
Published: June 2013

In this study, length-weight (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLRs), relative condition factor (krel) and Fulton’s condition factor (k) of 235 Hemiculter leucisculus Basilewsky were determined between the periods of March 2012 to February 2013 in Sefidroud River, in the Southwestern Caspian Sea basin. The maximum recorded total length for males and females were 16.90 cm and 18.10 cm, respectively. The length-length relationships among the total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) for H. leucisculus were found to be highly significant (r2>0.968, p<0.001). The length-weight relationship shows the obtained b values for males, females and male-females were 2.549, 2.680 and 2.465 respectively, which indicated a negative allometric growth trend of this species. Also, relative condition factor (Krel) for males, females and male-females were 0.710, 0.622 and 0.743 respectively and Fulton’s condition factor (K) for males, females and male-females were 0.922, 0.842 and 0.843 respectively. These results will be useful for ?shery managers to impose adequate regulations for sustainable ?shery management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8240 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 25-30
Sexual health and risk behaviour among East Asian adolescents in British Columbia
Authors: Homma Yuko , Saewyc Elizabeth M. , Wong Sabrina T. , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: June 2013

Despite the large number of adolescents of East Asian origin in Canada, there is limited research on sexual health among this population. A first step to develop strategies for sexual health promotion for adolescents is to document the prevalence of sexual behaviours. This study estimated the prevalence of sexual health and risk behaviours among East Asian adolescents in grades 7 to 12, using the province-wide, school-based 2008 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (un-weighted N=4,311). Less than 10% of East Asian adolescents had ever had sexual intercourse. Among those who were sexually experienced most had engaged in high risk sexual behaviours, including multiple sexual partners and non-condom use at last intercourse. Compared to immigrant students whose primary language at home was not English, immigrant and Canadian-born students speaking English at home were more likely to experience sexual intercourse. Among students who had never had sexual intercourse, the two most common reasons were not feeling ready and waiting to meet the right person. The findings suggest the need for sexual health interventions tailored to the gender and socio-cultural contexts in which adolescents live.
Peak Phosphorus – Peak Food? The Need to Close the Phosphorus Cycle
Authors: Rhodes Christopher J.
Published: June 2013

The peak in the world production of phosphorus has been predicted to occur in 2033, based on world reserves of rock phosphate (URR) reckoned at around 24,000 million tonnes (Mt), with around 18,000 Mt remaining. This figure was reckoned-up to 71,000 Mt, by the USGS, in 2012, but a production maximum during the present century is still highly probable. There are complex issues over what the demand will be for phosphorus in the future, as measured against a rising population (from 7 billion to over 9 billion in 2050), and a greater per capita demand for fertiliser to grow more grain, in part to feed animals and meet a rising demand for meat by a human species that is not merely more populous but more affluent. As a counterweight to this, we may expect that greater efficiencies in the use of phosphorus – including recycling from farms and of human and animal waste – will reduce the per capita demand for phosphate rock. The unseen game changer is peakoil, since phosphate is mined and recovered using machinery powered by liquid fuels refined from crude oil. Hence, peak oil and peak phosphorus might appear as conjoined twins. There is no unequivocal case that we can afford to ignore the likelihood of a supply-demand gap for phosphorus occurring sometime this century, and it would be perilous to do so.
Microbiome in Human Health and Disease
Authors: Madupu Ramana , Szpakowski Sebastian , Nelson Karen E.
Published: June 2013

Metagenomic studies have truly revolutionised biology and medicine, and changed the way we study genomics. As genome sequencing becomes cheaper, it is being applied to study complex metagenomes. ‘Metagenome’ is the genetic material recovered directly from an environmental sample or niche. By delivering fast, cheap, and large volumes of data Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms have facilitated a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of genomes, gene functions and regulation. Metagenomics, also referred to as environmental or community genomics, has brought about radical changes in our ability to analyse complex microbial communities by direct sampling of their natural habitat paving the way for the creation of innovative new areas for biomedical research. Many metagenomic studies involving the ‘human microbiome’ have been undertaken to date. Samples from of a number of diverse habitats including different human body sites have been subject to metagenomic examinations. Huge national and international projects with the purpose of elucidating the biogeography of microbial communities living within and on the human body, are well underway. The analysis of human microbiome data has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role of resident microflora in human health and disease and brings non-traditional areas such as gut ecology to the forefront of personalised medicine. In this chapter, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art in current literature and projects pertaining to human microbiome studies.
In Situ Ecophysiology of Microbial Biofilm Communities Analyzed by CMEIAS Computer-Assisted Microscopy at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Dazzo Frank , Klemmer Kevin , Chandler Ryan , Yanni Youssef
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the utility of CMEIAS (Center for Microbial Ecology Image Analysis System) computer-assisted microscopy to extract data from accurately segmented images that provide 63 different insights into the ecophysiology of microbial populations and communities within biofilms and other habitats. Topics include quantitative assessments of: (i) morphological diversity as an indicator of impacts that substratum physicochemistries have on biofilm community structure and dominance-rarity relationships among populations; (ii) morphotype-specific distributions of biovolume body size that relate microbial allometric scaling, metabolic activity and growth physiology; (iii) fractal geometry of optimal cellular positioning for efficient utilization of allocated nutrient resources; (iv) morphotype-specific stress responses to starvation, environmental disturbance and bacteriovory predation; (v) patterns of spatial distribution indicating positive and negative cell–cell interactions affecting their colonization behavior; and (vi) significant methodological improvements to increase the accuracy of color-discriminated ecophysiology, e.g., differentiation of cell viability based on cell membrane integrity, cellular respiratory activity, phylogenetically differentiated substrate utilization, and N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated cell–cell communication by bacteria while colonizing plant roots. The intensity of these ecophysiological attributes commonly varies at the individual cell level, emphasizing the importance of analyzing them at single-cell resolution and the proper spatial scale at which they occur in situ.
Socioeconomic Status Accounts for Rapidly Increasing Geographic Variation in the Incidence of Poor Fetal Growth
Authors: Ball Stephen , Jacoby Peter , Zubrick Stephen
Published: June 2013

Fetal growth is an important risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. In turn, socioeconomic status is a key predictor of fetal growth; however, other sociodemographic factors and environmental effects may also be important. This study modelled geographic variation in poor fetal growth after accounting for socioeconomic status, with a fixed effect for socioeconomic status and a combination of spatially-correlated and spatially-uncorrelated random effects. The dataset comprised 88,246 liveborn singletons, aggregated within suburbs in Perth, Western Australia. Low socioeconomic status was strongly associated with an increased risk of poor fetal growth. An increase in geographic variation of poor fetal growth from 1999–2001 (interquartile odds ratio among suburbs = 1.20) to 2004–2006 (interquartile odds ratio = 1.40) indicated a widening risk disparity by socioeconomic status. Low levels of residual spatial patterns strengthen the case for targeting policies and practices in areas of low socioeconomic status for improved outcomes. This study indicates an alarming increase in geographic inequalities in poor fetal growth in Perth which warrants further research into the specific aspects of socioeconomic status that act as risk factors.
New Labdane-Type Diterpenoids and Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Hedychium coronarium
Authors: Chen Jih-Jung , Ting Chia-Wei , Wu Yi-Chin , Hwang Tsong-Long , Cheng Ming-Jen , Sung Ping-Jyun , Wang Tai-Chi , Chen Jinn-Fen
Published: June 2013

Four new labdane-type diterpenoids: hedychicoronarin (1), peroxycoronarin D (2), 7β-hydroxycalcaratarin A (3), and (E)-7β-hydroxy-6-oxo-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (4), have been isolated from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium, together with 13 known compounds (5–17). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 3, 5, 6, and 10 exhibited inhibition (IC50 values ≤4.52 μg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 3–6, 10, and 11 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC50 values ≤6.17 μg/mL.
Hormesis in Aging and Neurodegeneration—A Prodigy Awaiting Dissection
Authors: Mao Lei , Franke Jacqueline
Published: June 2013

Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the hormesis concept has been receiving increasing attention in the field of aging research. It has been proposed that within a certain concentration window, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could act as major mediators of anti-aging and neuroprotective processes. Such hormetic phenomena could have potential therapeutic applications, if properly employed. Here, we review the current theories of hormetic phenomena in regard to aging and neurodegeneration, with the focus on its underlying mechanism. Facilitated by a simple mathematical model, we show for the first time that ROS-mediated hormesis can be explained by the addition of different biomolecular reactions including oxidative damage, MAPK signaling and autophagy stimulation. Due to their divergent scales, the optimal hormetic window is sensitive to each kinetic parameter, which may vary between individuals. Therefore, therapeutic utilization of hormesis requires quantitative characterizations in order to access the optimal hormetic window for each individual. This calls for a personalized medicine approach for a longer human healthspan.
Solution NMR Studies on the Orientation of Membrane-Bound Peptides and Proteins by Paramagnetic Probes
Authors: Schrank Evelyne , Wagner Gabriel , Zangger Klaus
Published: June 2013

Many peptides and proteins are attached to or immersed in a biological membrane. In order to understand their function not only the structure but also their topology in the membrane is important. Solution NMR spectroscopy is one of the most often used approaches to determine the orientation and localization of membrane-bound peptides and proteins. Here we give an application-oriented overview on the use of paramagnetic probes for the investigation of membrane-bound peptides and proteins. The examples discussed range from the large pool of antimicrobial peptides, bacterial toxins, cell penetrating peptides to domains of larger proteins or the calcium regulating protein phospholamban. Topological information is obtained in all these examples by the use of either attached or freely mobile paramagnetic tags. For some examples information obtained from the paramagnetic probes was included in the structure determination.
Vector Design for Improved DNA Vaccine Efficacy, Safety and Production
Authors: Williams James
Published: June 2013

DNA vaccination is a disruptive technology that offers the promise of a new rapidly deployed vaccination platform to treat human and animal disease with gene-based materials. Innovations such as electroporation, needle free jet delivery and lipid-based carriers increase transgene expression and immunogenicity through more effective gene delivery. This review summarizes complementary vector design innovations that, when combined with leading delivery platforms, further enhance DNA vaccine performance. These next generation vectors also address potential safety issues such as antibiotic selection, and increase plasmid manufacturing quality and yield in exemplary fermentation production processes. Application of optimized constructs in combination with improved delivery platforms tangibly improves the prospect of successful application of DNA vaccination as prophylactic vaccines for diverse human infectious disease targets or as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and allergy.
The synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-grafted nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Moraes John , Ohno Kohji , Gody Guillaume , Maschmeyer Thomas , Perrier Sébastien
Published: June 2013

We describe the use of one of the most advanced radical polymerization techniques, the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process, to produce highly functional core–shell particles based on a silica core and a shell made of functional polymeric chains with very well controlled structure. The versatility of RAFT polymerization is illustrated by the control of the polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), a highly functional monomer, with the aim of designing silica core–poly(VBC) shell nanoparticles. Optimal conditions for the control of VBC polymerization by RAFT are first established, followed by the use of the “grafting from” method to yield polymeric brushes that form a well-defined shell surrounding the silica core. We obtain particles that are monodisperse in size, and we demonstrate that the exceptional control over their dimensions is achieved by careful tailoring the conditions of the radical polymerization.
La croisée des chemins
Authors: Bruel Alain
Published: June 2013

Les récentes déclarations du président de la République concernant le dépôt dans les mois qui viennent d’un projet de réforme de l’ordonnance de 1945 destiné à revenir aux ambitions humanistes du texte d’origine ne peuvent être prises au sérieux que si elles s’accompagnent d’une désintoxication des esprits profondément imprégnés par l’idéologie sécuritaire et l’invasion des concepts néolibéraux touchant à l’efficacité. Il importe de renoncer à une politique pénale empêchant les magistrats d’individualiser leurs décisions et de rejoindre les préoccupations de la recherche actuelle qui s’intéresse aux sorties de la délinquance et à la pertinence des divers instruments éducatifs en amont et en aval de l’intervention judiciaire.Une procédure respectant les différentes perceptions de la temporalité, l’abandon de la progressivité systématique des sanctions, et la reprise d’une diversification des équipements sont indispensables pour y parvenir.
Rupture et incivilités à l'âge sécuritaire
Authors: Vulbeau Alain
Published: June 2013

Cet article a pour objet deux composantes de l’action publique concernant les jeunes des quartiers. Il s’agit, d’une part, des Unités à encadrement éducatif renforcé, pratiquant une pédagogie de la rupture et, d’autre part, des incivilités qui ont servi à mettre en exergue les faits à caractère non pénal. L’étude de textes officiels met en évidence que ces deux éléments ont été identifiés et traités dans le cadre de la Politique de la ville des gouvernements Juppé et Jospin. Le concept d’âge sécuritaire permet de décrire et d’interpréter, d’une part, une période historique qui émerge dans les années 1980-1990 et, d’autre part, un âge de la vie identifié par l’insécurité qu’il provoque.
Travail de sécurité publique, idéologies défensives et imaginaire social
Authors: Lhuilier Dominique
Published: June 2013

L’approche clinique du travail de sécurité publique et de ses cadres institutionnels met ici l’accent sur l’analyse des idéologies défensives de métier comme réponse à l’épreuve de réalité que représente toute activité professionnelle, mais aussi comme réponse à l’imaginaire social en ce qu’il contribue au déni de la délégation du « sale boulot » et à orienter l’image sociale de ces professions. L’esprit de corps s’alimente d’un discours collectif ultra sécuritaire : il est réactionnel à la suspicion qui pèse sur ces professionnels, ici les policiers et les surveillants de prison.
Du sécuritaire à la sécurité : un pari citoyen ?
Authors: Lego Gaëlle
Published: June 2013

À partir de divers travaux de recherche organisés avec des professionnels du médicosocial nous avons tenté une « analyse du symptôme » de notre civilisation moderne. L’évaluation étend ses tentacules dans tous les secteurs de l’activité humaine considérant l’être humain comme une donnée statistique comme une autre. Certains, à la suite de Christian Laval, parlent d’une « véritable mutation anthropologique ». Cette « mutation » trouve son pendant en matière de construction architecturale avec la création de « villes insulaires » : nous sommes, alors, confrontés à un ensemble de phénomènes socio-spatiaux qui non seulement sont en train de modifier le paysage urbain mais aussi ce qu’il en est des espaces de sociabilité. Quelles sont les structures discursives, dans notre social, qui conduisent à cette mutation de la subjectivité ? Comment opérer face aux politiques sécuritaires qui s’implantent de plus en plus dans notre vie ? Nous verrons, à partir, d’un exemple concret, ce qu’il est des démarches de résistances possibles.
Imagos parentales et idéaux des enseignants
Authors: Rioux Alain François
Published: June 2013

L’auteur présente la littérature concernant, d’une part, les imagos parentales et la structuration œdipienne et, d’autre part, leurs effets sur les processus psychiques, tels que le surmoi, la sublimation et les idéaux du sujet. Ces idéaux sont souvent associés au choix professionnel qu’élabore l’adolescent ou le jeune adulte. La profession enseignante, que l’on peut relier à la fonction éducative, possède-t-elle une place spécifique dans ce processus ? L’auteur s’appuie ensuite sur l’analyse d’entretiens cliniques de recherche d’un enseignant professeur des écoles pour étayer son questionnement. Les motivations de ce cas singulier, ses imagos parentales, l’image de ses enseignants en relation avec le « déclin » du complexe d’Œdipe et de ses remaniements sont présentés pour comprendre ses idéaux et son souhait d’exercer la profession de professeur des écoles.
La naissance de l'armée canadienne moderne : le corps canadien durant la Grande Guerre de 1914-1918
Authors: McCulloch Ian
Published: June 2013

Au cours des vingt dernières années, de nombreuses études savantes ont traité du rôle joué par le Corps expéditionnaire canadien (CEC) durant la Première Guerre mondiale. À de rares exceptions près, leur attention a principalement porté sur deux éléments : le premier étant le haut commandement et les relations qu’il avait avec les politiciens et les généraux, le second étant la guerre dans les tranchées. En revanche, l’étude du commandement et du contrôle tactiques a souvent été laissée de côté, peut-être parce qu’elle ne présente pas la charge émotive associée aux deux précédents domaines. En tentant de réparer cette lacune, cette étude vise à démontrer que l’histoire du commandement permet de faire apparaître que les vrais catalyseurs qui ont favorisé l’efficacité tactique du Canada, et qui ont amené la fin des guerres de tranchées de la Grande Guerre, étaient les réorganisations novatrices. Ce faisant, cette étude fait apparaître que c’est dans ce processus évolutif qu’est née l’armée canadienne moderne et professionnelle.
Une stratégie à demi-mot et à demi-mesures : l'expérience du Canada dans le Sud de l'Afghanistan
Authors: Tremblay Dean D. , Pahlavi Pierre
Published: June 2013

L’engagement du Canada en Afghanistan s’est accompagné par une évolution progressive de la mission des forces canadiennes, par une adaptation de la doctrine militaire et par une amélioration de la coordination de l’activité des différentes agences gouvernementales. Mais, en dépit de ces ajustements, le rapport Manley devait conclure, dès 2008, que les efforts canadiens n’étaient ni entrepris à l’unisson ni soutenus par un objectif stratégique commun de réussir en Afghanistan. Cette étude vise à montrer à quel point ce type de lutte asymétrique doit, pour avoir une chance de réussir, être sous-tendue par une volonté politique indéfectible basée sur des objectifs stratégiques clairement établis et résolument poursuivis. La mission canadienne dans le Sud de l’Afghanistan constitue un exemple probant et récent d’une opération de contre-insurrection intégrée conduite dans un cadre pangouvernementale illustrant à quel point l’absence d’une orientation stratégique définie par le pouvoir politique peut hypothéquer les chances de réussite de l’ensemble de l’effort de guerre.
Mon Afghanistan
Authors: Jourdain Steve
Published: June 2013

En 2009, la compagnie C (Cobra) du 2 e bataillon du Royal 22 e  Régiment (Canada) a passé sept mois en mission de combat en Afghanistan, sous le commandement du major Steve Jourdain. Mon Afghanistan évoque le récit personnel d’un commandant de compagnie d’infanterie francophone en théâtre d’opération dans la région de Kandahar. Premier ouvrage où un officier francophone relate son expérience, Mon Afghanistan dresse à petites touches un tableau de la vie de la compagnie : la chaleur, l’attente, les patrouilles, les embuscades, la peur, la mort aussi. On y rencontre des professionnels conscients des dangers, qui tentent de remplir une mission difficile et souvent mal comprise tant au sein de la population afghane qu’auprès des Canadiens.
L'ambassade de Belgique à Paris et la guerre d'Algérie. Marcel-Henri Jaspar, des Légionnaires belges et une Algérie française (août 1959-avril 1961)
Authors: Genin Vincent
Published: June 2013

Dans un contexte de décolonisation généralisée, il s’avère utile d’étudier l’attitude des puissances coloniales les unes envers les autres. À ce titre, la Belgique, occupée par la crise congolaise, adoptera une attitude spécifique à l’égard de la Guerre d’Algérie, en particulier de 1959 à 1961. Deux questions majeures occupent alors l’actualité : les légionnaires belges engagés en Algérie et l’évolution de la politique étrangère belge à l’égard du sort de l’Algérie. C’est l’objet de notre contribution.
Le statut du possible dans le discours critique de Kant et « la philosophie transcendantale des Anciens »
Authors: Serban Claudia
Published: June 2013

L’article se propose de mettre au jour la spécificité du transcendantalisme kantien, comme enquête portant sur les « conditions de possibilité » des objets de l’expérience, au moyen d’un examen de la nouvelle compréhension que l’entreprise critique propose de la possibilité réelle ou objective. Une analyse du § 76 de la Critique de la faculté de juger nous permet de radicaliser la thèse du premier postulat de la pensée empirique : le possible n’a de sens que par rapport à la subjectivité et à la constitution de son pouvoir de connaître, ce qui coupe court à toute tendance d’inscrire Kant dans la lignée des penseurs de l’univocité de l’être. À partir de là, le débat avec le transcendantalisme scolastique, qui est tout sauf un idéalisme transcendantal, peut être engagé. Une confrontation avec Wolff et sa conception de la philosophie comme science des possibles vient apporter une confirmation supplémentaire à nos hypothèses et conclusions.
Qu'est-ce que dire « je suis » ? Étude sur la question du langage chez Fichte
Authors: Dumont Augustin
Published: June 2013

Cet article a pour objectif de revenir sur le problème du langage dans la première philosophie de Fichte. Si le « je suis », c’est-à-dire la proposition inaugurale de la Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre (1794), est aujourd’hui généralement compris comme un acte performatif, il convient d’évaluer cette compréhension à l’aune du premier système dans son ensemble. En effet, certains problèmes apparaissent, d’une part, lorsque l’on tente de rabattre l’activité en tant que telle sur le langage, d’autre part, lorsque l’on confronte le « je suis » spéculatif aux analyses de l’essai de 1795 sur l’origine du langage. Ce dernier texte semble de prime abord dépouiller le langage du pouvoir créateur et immédiat que la science spéculative lui accorde. Le présent article discute cette question et y répond par la mise en évidence une forme de tension entre l’exigence spéculative et la perspective historique sur le langage.
Introducción
Authors: Montaner Frutos Alberto
Published: June 2013

Se sintetizan y discuten aquí las principales aportaciones del monográfico sobre la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris (con su epílogo en verso, la Prefatio de Almaria)y la Historia Roderici (más el conexo himno sáfico Carmen Campidoctoris). Las dos crónicas estudiadas emergen como las dos primeras crónicas particulares de la historiografía ibérica medieval, pero la dedicada al Campeador resulta más personalista que la consagrada al Emperador, que posee una mayor dimensión colectiva. Esta última queda además caracterizada por un fuerte providencialismo y una marcada vocación de cruzada, mientras que aquella resulta más netamente individualista y, salvo en lo que hace a la defensa de Valencia, se centra en los conflictos de Rodrigo Díaz con los príncipes cristianos. Finalmente, la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris carece de influencia en la historiografía posterior (salvo, quizá, en la Primera Crónica de Sahagún), mientras que la Historia Roderici ha ejercido un determinante influjo en la consolidación de la materia cidiana, siendo con total certeza la fuente del Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes (olim Liber regum) y muy probablemente también del Carmen Campidoctoris y, al menos parcialmente, del Cantar de mio Cid.
Estilo reiterativo, fórmulas historiográficas y fórmulas épicas
Authors: Justel Vicente Pablo
Published: June 2013

El presente trabajo analiza el estilo reiterativo de la Historia Roderici y la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris, y en particular su modo más acentuado, es decir, las fórmulas y las expresiones formulares. Además de estudiar los sistemas formulares de ambas crónicas desde una perspectiva amplia, se dará cuenta de las relaciones existentes entre ambos textos en lo que concierne a las secuencias cristalizadas, así como las particularidades de cada una, y todo ello teniendo en cuenta las prácticas formulares de dos crónicas asturianas, la Chronica Rotensis y la Albeldensia. Por último, se observan las tendencias formulares del Cantar de mio Cid, el Libro de Fernán González y las Mocedades de Rodrigo, subrayando tanto los paralelismos como los elementos distintivos de cada poema.
El discutido influjo de la Historia Roderici en el Cantar de mio Cid
Authors: Luongo Salvatore
Published: June 2013

La hipótesis de una relación entre el Cantar de mio Cid y la Historia Roderici ha suscitado, como es sabido, una discusión animada que a día de hoy todavía no ha cesado. La presente contribución pretende volver a examinar la cuestión analizando de nuevo dos pasajes de la biografía poética de Rodrigo Díaz para los que se sospecha que se utilizó su biografía historiográfica: la exposición del conflicto con el conde barcelonés Ramón Berenguer y la exposición de la victoria del Campeador sobre el rey de Marruecos Yūsuf. El análisis revela una serie de correspondencias a distintos niveles (de organización estructural, de contenido, de unidades conceptuales menores, fraseológico, verbal) que parecería confirmar un contacto directo entre los dos textos.
La Historia Roderici en su aspecto léxico: Estudio comparativo en relación con la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris y las crónicas hispanolatinas anteriores al siglo XIII
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Estrella
Published: June 2013

Este trabajo profundiza en el aspecto léxico de la Historia Roderici (y parcialmente también en el de la Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris), teniendo como punto de comparación el resto de las crónicas hispanolatinas compuestas antes del siglo XIII. Se estudia la variedad del léxico empleado y su capacidad de innovación, dentro de la que se han identificado 66 términos no presentes en ninguna otra crónica hispana del período. El rastreo de estos vocablos en las fuentes medievales literarias europeas y en los diplomas hispanos ha llevado a observar que algunos no se utilizaron antes de finales del siglo XII, lo que apoya una fecha tardía para la obra. Asimismo el estudio ha permitido proponer alguna modificación en el texto editado de la Historia y también ha puesto en evidencia que su autor tenía un buen conocimiento del lenguaje notarial y procedía de la parte oriental de Hispania, muy posiblemente de la ya apuntada Nájera.
Le « nez tranché », itinéraire d’un motif exemplaire d’Ésope au Zifar
Authors: Coussemacker Sophie
Published: June 2013

L’un des six exempla antiques du Zifar a connu un grand succès pendant tout le Moyen Âge, et notamment dans la Péninsule Ibérique où l’on en recense une dizaine de versions : c’est celui du père (exceptionnellement de la mère) châtié(e) par son fils qui lui reproche de l’avoir éduqué de façon trop laxiste (aussi connu comme l’ex. du fils de ‘Lucrèce’). L’étude de l’itinéraire de l’exemplum depuis ses lointaines origines, une fable ésopique, laisse apparaître l’existence de deux familles de textes, l’une remontant à la source d’autorité du Pseudo-Boèce, diffusé surtout dans la version de Jean de Galles, notamment en Espagne, et l’autre qui remonte à un remaniement de l’histoire par Étienne de Bourbon. Dans ce schéma, la version du Zifar dénote considérablement ; d’abord par sa violence exceptionnelle, ensuite parce qu’elle n’appartient à aucune « école » en particulier et construit un récit distinct, et enfin et surtout parce qu’elle quitte en partie le domaine de la leçon morale pour s’enrichir de considérations politiques contemporaines à l’usage d’un lecteur de la cour d’Alphonse XI.
Asymptomatic hyper-creatine-kinase-emia as sole manifestation of inclusion body myositis
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Stöllberger Claudia , Kovacs Gabor G.
Published: June 2013

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) usually manifests with painless weakness of the hand, finger and hip flexors. Absence of symptoms or signs, but mild hyper-CK-emia as the sole manifestation of IBM, has not been reported. We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with asymptomatic recurrent hyper-CK-emia ranging from 200 to 1324 U/L (n<171 U/L), since 10 years. Clinical neurologic investigation, nerve conduction studies and EMG were non-informative. Muscle biopsy surprisingly revealed sIBM. sIBM may be asymptomatic and may manifest with hyper-CK-emia exclusively. So, it has to be included in the differential diagnoses of asymptomatic hyper-CK-emia.
A discrepancy between clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging in a case of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis
Authors: Kohno Naoto , Kawakami Yuko , Hamada Chizuko , Toyoda Genya , Bokura Hirokazu , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Takahashi Yukitoshi
Published: June 2013

We report the case of a 64-year old man who presented memory disturbance, low-grade fever, weight loss, and bilateral hand tremors for three months. He was diagnosed with non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed new lesions after symptomatic improvement following steroid pulse therapy. This may indicate that there is a time lag between the disturbance or recovery of neurons and astrocytes. Thus, other lesions might occasionally appear during convalescence in patients with NHALE, even if only minimal lesions were found on the initial MRI.
A case report of the rapid dissemination of Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient with HIV
Authors: Govender Indiran , Motswaledi Mogakgomo H. , Mabuza Langalibalele H.
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common HIV-associated neoplastic disease. In most cases it starts on the skin and later spreads to other visceral organs. We reported a case of HIV-associated cutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma which rapidly progressed to involve the visceral organs within a few weeks and resulted in fatality. Case presentation: A 21-year old man who recently started antiretroviral therapy developed disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma with a right-sided pleural effusion. Chest x-ray confirmed the effusion which was tapped for diagnostic purposes. Biopsy confirmed Kaposi’s sarcoma. He insisted on being discharged so that he could visit a traditional healer. Management and outcome: Despite antiretroviral therapy and supportive management his condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within a month of the diagnosis of disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma. He died before chemotherapy could be commenced. Discussion: The lessons that could be learned from this case include the following: Kaposi’s sarcoma is asymptomatic and, since one out of three are HHV-8 positive, patients should have a thorough examination before starting on highly-active antiretroviral therapy. Patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma or even those on treatment should be warned of deterioration in the first 12 weeks of treatment. Pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma is fatal and requires timeous management and chemotherapy. Patients with HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and chest signs require sputa to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis. Finally, traditional healers may be used to assist, especially if they are taught to identify HIV-related skin conditions and can refer patients appropriately.
SinkRank: An Algorithm for Identifying Systemically Important Banks in Payment Systems
Authors: Soramäki Kimmo , Cook Samantha
Published: June 2013

The ability to accurately estimate the extent to which the failure of a bank disrupts the financial system is very valuable for regulators of the financial system. One important part of the financial system is the interbank payment system. This paper develops a robust measure, SinkRank, that accurately predicts the magnitude of disruption caused by the failure of a bank in a payment system and identifies banks most affected by the failure. SinkRank is based on absorbing Markov chains, which are well-suited to model liquidity dynamics in payment systems. Because actual bank failures are rare and the data is not generally publicly available, the authors test the metric by simulating payment networks and inducing failures in them. They test SinkRank on several types of payment networks, including Barabási-Albert types of scale-free networks modeled on the Fedwire system, and find that the failing bank’s SinkRank is highly correlated with the resulting disruption in the system overall; moreover, the SinkRank algorithm can identify which individual banks would be most disrupted by a given failure.
Construction of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves for precipitation with annual maxima data in Rwanda, Central Africa
Authors: Demarée G. R. , Van de Vyver H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Detailed probabilistic information on the intensity of precipitation in Central Africa is highly needed in order to cope with the risk analysis of natural hazards. In the mountainous areas of Rwanda land slides frequently occur and might cause a heavy toll in human lives. The establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for precipitation in Central Africa remains a difficult task as adequate long-term data sets for short aggregation times are usually not available. In 1962 recording raingauges were installed at several stations in Rwanda. According to the climatological procedures in use at that time in Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, maximum monthly and annual precipitation depths for fixed-time durations of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min were determined from the rainfall charts. The data set is completed by the monthly and annual daily precipitation extremes from the non-recording raingauge at the stations. The authors used the dataset to establish the IDF-curves for precipitation at 3 stations in Rwanda having more than 20 yr of operation. The fixed-hour intervals of multiple 15 min require the use of a technique converting data from fixed-time intervals into data of arbitrary starting intervals. Therefore, the van Montfort technique was used.
Offset tracking procedure applied to high resolution SAR data on Viedma Glacier, Patagonian Andes, Argentina
Authors: Riveros N. , Euillades L. , Euillades P. , Moreiras S. , Balbarani S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Main aim of this work is to explore the suitability of high resolution SAR images for measuring ice flow velocity within glaciers. Available techniques for this purpose are Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) and Offset Tracking. The former, although theoretically much more precise, is frequently limited by coherence loss (or lacking of coherence) in glacier environment. The latter constitutes an alternative that works well when displacements are large. Study area is the Viedma Glacier (Santa Cruz, Argentina), one of the largest uncovered ice bodies in the South Patagonian Ice (SPI). High resolution COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) acquisitions were processed by estimating range and azimuth offset fields. Useful results, consisting in displacement maps showing areas with different fast-flowing units, were obtained by Offset Tracking processing.