bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Review: A meta‐analysis of relapse rates in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders in youth
Authors: Levy Hannah C. , Stevens Kimberly T. , Tolin David F.
Published: July 2021

Background

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for youth with anxiety and related disorders, with a 59% remission rate at post‐treatment. Results of reviews and meta‐analyses indicate that treatment gains are maintained across long‐term follow‐up, at least in terms of symptom improvement. Less is known about relapse, defined as patients who initially achieve remission status but then experience a return of symptoms after a follow‐up period.

Method

The current study used meta‐analysis to determine the overall rate of relapse in CBT for children and adolescents (age 18 years or younger) with anxiety and related disorders. Potential moderating factors of relapse rates, including demographic, methodological, and clinical/intervention characteristics, were also examined. Out of a pool of 78 abstracts, 13 full‐text articles were retained for meta‐analysis. An additional two articles were identified from other sources (total N = 535 patients).

Results

Results showed an overall relapse rate of 10.5% (including comorbid autism spectrum disorder) and 8% (excluding comorbid autism spectrum disorder) across studies. Moderator analyses demonstrated that relapse rates were higher among younger and more racially diverse samples, as well as among patients with comorbid externalizing disorders and those taking psychiatric medications. There were no differences in relapse rates as a function of primary diagnosis.

Conclusions

Taken together, the findings indicate that relapse rates in CBT for anxious youth are relatively low, suggesting that treatment development and refinement efforts should focus on improving treatment response and remission rates for this population.
Machine learning algorithms to predict the dry matter loss of stored soybean grains (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Zeymer Juliana Soares , Guzzo Felipe , de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Gates Richard Stephen , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , Neisse Anderson Cristiano
Published: July 2021

Predictive modeling is useful to estimate future events based on collected data and discipline‐specific knowledge to guide decision making. Machine learning is one of the most frequently used methods to develop predictive models. There is limited literature in which machine learning techniques have been applied to soybeans' behavior during storage, and thus, the goal of this study was to test different model frameworks that estimate dry matter loss of soybeans utilizing data acquired from a dynamic grain respiration system with different levels of moisture content (12, 14, 18, and 22%, wet basis—w.b.) and temperature (25, 30, and 35°C). Five different models were trained and tested with a 2,625 point data set, which was partitioned into a training set (90%) and a testing set (10%). In the training step, 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to choose the best hyperparameters for each of the models. All fitted models were evaluated using standard metrics of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), dispersion of residual values, and a coefficient of performance. The Random Forest model performed best in terms of the distance between predicted and observed values, with three predicting variables. The use of predictive modeling in the recent Agriculture 4.0 scenario is a promising development for risk management and decision making in the context of grain and oilseed storage.

Practical Applications

Soy is one of the most important crops in the world. The dry matter loss through respiration is a major problem during storage. The results of this study can aid researchers and the soybean industry in managing storage as a risk management and decision‐making tool.
Declining energy predicts incident mobility disability and mortality risk in healthy older adults
Authors: Sprague Briana N. , Zhu Xiaonan , Ehrenkranz Rebecca C. , Tian Qu , Gmelin Theresa A. , Glynn Nancy W. , Rosso Andrea L. , Rosano Caterina
Published: July 2021

Background

The purpose was to examine whether longitudinal changes in self‐reported energy predict incident mobility disability and mortality. We further explored whether changes in energy‐related behaviors (physical activity, appetite, or sleep quality) would explain these associations.

Methods

N = 2021 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study free from mobility disability and with at least three energy assessments from years 2 to 10.

Measurements

The outcomes were time to first self‐reported inability to walk a quarter of a mile (mobility disability) and death. Self‐reported energy level (SEL) was a single‐item indicator over the prior month, ranging from 0 to 10; person‐specific slopes measured whether individuals increased or decreased in SEL across the total follow‐up time (mean 7.09 years, +1.72, range 2–8 years). Potential energy‐related mediators were baseline and change in self‐reported physical activity, appetite, and sleep quality. Covariates were baseline levels and change in demographics, health characteristics and behaviors, tiredness, cognition, mood, and gait speed.

Results

A total of 947 developed disability and 567 died over the study follow‐up. A one‐point change in SEL over the follow‐up (or an average 0.125 points/year) was inversely associated with a 35% risk of incident mobility disability (hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55, 0.76, p < 0.001) and 33% risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.87, p = 0.003), independent of covariates. Potential energy‐related mediators did not attenuate this association.

Conclusions

In this longitudinal analysis of community‐dwelling older adults, energy decline was common and a significant independent predictor of disability risk and mortality.
The effects of despeckling filters on pore size measurements in collagen scaffold micro‐CT data
Authors: Meek Matt C. , Best Serena , Cameron Ruth
Published: July 2021

Micro‐CT is often used to assess the characteristics of porous structures such as tissue engineering scaffolds and trabecular bone. Prior to analysis, micro‐CT images can be thresholded and filtered to remove noise. Scaffold pore size affects mechanical properties and biological cell behaviour and is a frequently assessed parameter. This paper identifies and characterizes an artefact affecting a commonly used filter which erroneously increases mean pore size. The 3D sweep despeckling filter removes all but the largest object within a volume of interest, and therefore deletes any disconnected objects located at the periphery, increasing measured mean pore size. This artefact is characterized, and effective methods to mitigate its effects are devised, involving despeckling a sufficiently large volume of interest, then reducing the volume of interest in size to remove the error prior to analysis. Techniques to effectively apply this method to other data sets are described. This method eliminates the artefact but is time‐consuming and computationally expensive. Alternative, more economical filters which remove objects below a specified size are also assessed but are shown to be affected by the same artefact. These results will help to guide the implementation of future studies investigating the effects of pore size.
Nursing students’ views of using virtual reality in healthcare: A qualitative study
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Landers Margaret , Murphy David , O’Mahony Billy , Cooke Eoghan , O’Driscoll Michelle , Hegarty Josephine
Published: July 2021

Aims and Objectives

This study explored nursing students’ views of using virtual reality in healthcare.

Background

The popularity and use of virtual reality in healthcare delivery and education is on the rise. Yet, the views of future nurses regarding this technology remain underexplored.

Design

This is a qualitative descriptive study guided by a naturalistic inquiry and reported using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Methods

Nursing students (n = 26) were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. They were first exposed to a virtual reality intervention aimed to enhance men's awareness of testicular diseases. This was attempted to familiarise participants with the technology and initiate conversations around its use in healthcare. Participants were then interviewed face‐to‐face, either individually or within focus groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified: (i) positive experiences of virtual reality; (ii) challenges to using virtual reality; (iii) settings where virtual reality can be implemented; and (iv) blue‐sky and future applications of virtual reality. Participants described this technology as novel, enjoyable, immersive, memorable and inclusive. They questioned, however, the suitability of virtual reality for older adults, reported minor technical difficulties and stressed the importance of prior preparation in the use of the technology. Virtual reality was recommended for use in outpatient healthcare settings, schools and the community. Participants suggested using virtual reality in health promotion, disease prevention and management, and to promote nurses’ empathy towards patients.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the potential role of virtual reality in assisting nurses in promoting health and managing disease. Future research is needed to establish the long‐term effect of virtual reality interventions among more diverse participants.

Relevance to clinical practice

Virtual reality can be implemented in outpatient, educational and community settings in order to promote health, prevent disease, enhance disease and self‐management, and increase nurses’ empathy towards patients.
Digitally Designed and Milled Verification Jigs Generated from Photogrammetry Data Acquisition: A Clinical Report
Authors: Sinada Naif , Papaspyridakos Panos
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present report is to illustrate a proof‐of‐concept protocol for CAD/CAM fabrication of milled verification jigs during full‐arch implant rehabilitation using photogrammetry for data acquisition. The present report aims to bridge the gap between analog and digital workflows by introducing a CAD/CAM technique to intraorally verify digitally acquired information without the use of the technique‐sensitive and labor‐intensive conventional resin verification jig. One patient was treated with a digital prosthodontic protocol where a digitally designed CAD/CAM milled verification jig (generated from intraoral digital scans) was used to confirm implant 3D positioning prior to the fabrication of double full‐arch monolithic definitive zirconia prostheses. The procedures are presented step‐by‐step after clinical and radiographic observation.
Comparison of Fracture Resistance for Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Crowns and Overlays with Different Designs
Authors: Alberto Jurado Carlos , Kaleinikova Zinaida , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Alberto Cortés Treviño Daniel , Seghi Robert R. , Lee Damian J.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To determine the fracture resistance of chairside computer‐aided design and computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) lithium disilicate full coverage crowns and two different designs of overlay restorations for premolars.

Materials and Methods

CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD for CEREC/HT A1 C14, Ivoclar Vivadent) restorations (15 specimens/group) with 1.5 mm occlusal thickness and 1.0 mm chamfer were designed and fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC, Dentsply Sirona). The restorations were prepared in three different designs: (1) full coverage crowns, (2) overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva, and (3) overlays with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva. Restorations were cemented using conventional resin luting cement (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent) with primer system (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) to resin printed dies, load cycled (2,000,000 load cycles at 1 Hz with 275 N force), and then finally loaded with a steel indenter until failure. Scanning electron microscopy observations of fractured surfaces were also conducted. Group results were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance, and the medians were evaluated independently with Kruskal‐Wallis.

Results

The fracture force of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate restorations was significantly different (p < 0.001) depending on the design of the restoration. Full coverage crowns showed significantly higher force to fracture (1018.8 N) than both types of overlays (p = 0.002 for overlay 2.0 mm and p < 0.001 for overlay 4.0 mm above gingiva). Among the two overlays, the restoration with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva showed significantly higher fracture force (813.8 N) than the overlay with margin at 4 mm above the gingiva (436.1 N; p < 0.001). The fracture appearance of the crowns was much more complex than that of the overlay restorations.

Conclusions

Full coverage chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate premolar crown showed higher fracture resistance than overlay restorations. Overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the margin demonstrated higher resistance than those with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva.
It's RILA time: An introduction to registered index‐linked annuities
Authors: Moenig Thorsten
Published: July 2021

Registered index‐linked annuities (RILAs) are increasingly popular equity‐based retirement savings products offered by US life insurance companies. They combine features of fixed‐index annuities and traditional variable annuities (TVAs), offering investors equity exposure with downside protection in a tax‐deferred setting. This article introduces RILAs to the academic literature by describing the products' key features, developing a general pricing model, and deriving the providers' hedging strategy by decomposing their liabilities into short‐term European options. Numerical illustrations show that RILAs offer investors similar risk profiles (in the long run) as TVAs with maturity guarantees, and that many products currently sold appear to be priced quite favorably for investors. For providers, RILAs may be a preferable alternative or complement to TVAs as they greatly simplify the management of the embedded equity risk and can naturally reduce the TVA capital requirements. These features position RILAs as a viable long‐term solution for this product space.
What does the disclosure of school quality information bring? The effect through the housing market
Authors: Kuroda Yuta
Published: July 2021

This study investigates how disclosure of school quality information influences the behavior of students and parents. Using the event in which school‐level test scores were first disclosed in October 2014 in Matsue City, Japan, I estimate the change in the effect of test scores on housing rent and population in a school district between pre‐ and post‐disclosure. Following the disclosure of scores, the school catchment areas with higher scores witnessed a significant increase in the rents of apartments for families and the population of school‐age children. These results provide novel evidence that disclosure of school quality information significantly impacts people's school and residential choice behavior.
Large‐scale implementation of insomnia treatment in routine psychiatric care: patient characteristics and insomnia‐depression comorbidity
Authors: Kraepelien Martin , Forsell Erik , Blom Kerstin
Published: July 2021

Treating comorbid insomnia is important for recovery from, and prevention of, depression. The objective of this study was to compare comorbidity and patient characteristics among patients having treatment for depression before and after implementation of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) in a routine care internet treatment clinic. We hypothesized that insomnia comorbidity would be lower among patients having treatment for depression after the treatment for insomnia became available, and that depression levels would be high among patients in the insomnia treatment group compared to previous studies of insomnia. Patients were assessed face‐to‐face by physicians and guided through internet‐delivered treatment by psychologists in a psychiatric setting. We retrieved patient data from 3 years before and 3 years after the CBT‐I implementation. Measures were the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale‐Self rated (MADRS‐S) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Pretreatment symptom levels were high in both the depression (MADRS‐S = 23, n = 1467) and insomnia treatment (ISI = 20, n = 552) groups, indicating a true psychiatric sample. Contrary to the hypothesis, there were no significant changes in the group having treatment for depression regarding insomnia severity or comorbid insomnia diagnosis (from 66% to 68%) after CBT‐I implementation. Also contrary to the hypothesis, comorbid depression levels among insomnia patients having CBT‐I were similar to or slightly higher than in previous studies. It is likely that more patients with this comorbidity, who currently receive treatment for depression, would benefit from CBT‐I. We suggest an emphasis on information on the benefits of CBT‐I among patients and clinical staff involved in the implementation of treatments for insomnia in psychiatry, and further research into possible differences between patients actively seeking treatment for insomnia or depression.
Glycopatterns of the foregut in the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, Meyen 1833 from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Carlucci Roberto , Cipriano Giulia , Fanizza Carmelo , Gerussi Tommaso , Maglietta Rosalia , Petrella Antonio , Pietroluongo Guido , Ricci Pasquale , Semeraro Daniela , Guglielmi Marco Vito , Scillitani Giovanni , Mentino Donatella
Published: July 2021

The glycopatterns of the glycans secreted by the mucosa of stomach and duodenal ampulla of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba were studied by histochemical (Periodic acid‐Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, High Iron Diamine) and lectin‐binding (SBA, DBA, PNA, WGA, MAA‐II, SNA, ConA, UEA‐I, AAA, LTA) techniques. The stomach can be divided into four compartments: main stomach, two connecting chambers and pylorus. The pylorus is followed by the duodenal ampulla. Mucins are secreted by surface cells and intramucosal glands specific for each compartment. In the main stomach glands, neck cells were weakly sulphated, with prevailing glycosaminylated, glycosylated/mannosylated, and fucosylated residuals. Parietal and chief cells in general were scarcely reactive. In the connecting chambers glands, there were high levels of sulphation, glycosaminylation, glycosylation/mannosylation, and fucosylation, the latter with more complex patterns than those observed in the main stomach glands. In the pyloric glands sulphated, glycosaminylated and fucosylated residuals decreased, whereas the opposite was observed for galactosyl/galactosaminylated residuals. Glycosylation patterns in the glands of the duodenal ampulla differed from those of the pyloric ones, with similar levels of sulphation, lower levels of galactosyl/galactosaminylation and glycosaminylation, and higher level of fucosylation. The results are compared with those available in literature.
RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 1 delays the accumulation of viroids in infected plants
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhou Changyong , Li Shifang
Published: July 2021

RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) is essential for plant antiviral defence, but its role in plant defence against viroid infection remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify the function and mechanism of RDR1 in plant resistance to viroid infection. Overexpression of Nicotiana tabacum RDR1 (NtRDR1) delayed the accumulation of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) genomic RNA and PSTVd‐derived small RNA (sRNA) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants at the early invasion stage, but not in the late stage of infection. Conversely, virus‐induced gene silencing of tomato RDR1 (SlRDR1a) increased the susceptibility to PSTVd infection (increased viroid accumulation). Salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment induced SlRDR1a expression and enhanced the defence against PSTVd infection in tomato plants. Our study demonstrated that RDR1 is involved in SA‐mediated defence and restricts the early systemic invasion by PSTVd in plants. The decreased PSTVd accumulation in N. benthamiana was not caused by efficient accumulation of PSTVd sRNAs. These results deepen our understanding of the mechanism of RDR1 in plant defence responses to viroid attack.
Vaccinium zhangzhouense, a new species endemic to Fujian, China
Authors: Tong Yi‐Hua , Zhu Yi‐Yao , Ye Xue‐He , Ye Xing‐Er , Yang Cheng‐Zi , Xia Nian‐He
Published: July 2021

Vaccinium zhangzhouse (Ericaceae), a new epipetric species from Wushan Mountain, Fujian Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to V. foetidissimum in having an evergreen habit, obovate to oblanceolate leaf blades with cuneate or attenuate bases, basal glands and 3–5 pairs of lateral veins, and long racemes with 6–10 flowers, but is easily distinguished by its pubescent young twigs and shorter leaf blades with inconspicuous fine veins on the adaxial surface, and sparse easily‐deciduous brown glandular hairs on the abaxial surface.
Contribution to the taxonomy of little known Tragopogon species endemic to Turkey
Authors: Gültepe Mutlu , Coşkunçelebi Kamil , Makbul Serdar , Güzel Murat Erdem
Published: July 2021

In the present paper, two little‐known species (T. olympicus Boiss. and T. pichleri Boiss.) endemic to Turkey are evaluated in terms of morphology based on numerous authentic and/or new collections. Additionally, the phylogenetic positions of these little‐known species are evaluated based on newly generated sequences of nrDNA ITS, trnL and trnL‐F. As a result of the morphological examination, lectotypes are designated and documented for both species together with amended diagnosis. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS data indicates that T. olympicus and T. latifolius Boiss. var. angustifolius are sister taxa, while T. dubius Scop. and T. pichleri are nested together in a different subclade of Tragopogon sect. Majores (Artemcz.) Kuthath s.l. However, neither species is resolved in the cpDNA tree due to low nucleotide diversity. The present results support treating T. olympicus and T. pichleri as members of Tragopogon sect. Sosnovskya Boriss. and Tragopogon sect. Majores, respectively.
Association of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate detected by initial histological specimen and neuroendocrine prostate cancer: A report of three cases
Authors: Ikeda Junichi , Ohe Chisato , Ohsugi Haruyuki , Matsuda Tadashi , Tsuta Koji , Kinoshita Hidefumi
Published: July 2021

We present three cases of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and histologically investigate the association of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) and NEPC. Case 1 was a 76‐year‐old man who had NEPC identified by repeated biopsy specimens when his prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level became elevated 8 years after the initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Case 2 was a 70‐year‐old man who had NEPC detected when multiple bone metastases were found 3 years after the initiation of ADT. Case 3 was a 70‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with NEPC based on histological examination of transurethral resected specimens. The histological findings in these three cases showed mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma–acinar adenocarcinoma with various proportions of both components. In all three cases, the neuroendocrine carcinoma components were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, whereas the adenocarcinoma components were positive for PSA and NKX3.1. When we retrospectively reviewed the initial hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides, IDC‐P was detected in all three cases. Furthermore, we collected nine additional cases of NEPC and found that all six cases with initial biopsy specimens available had an IDC‐P component. Detecting IDC‐P on initial histological specimens of the prostate may predict transformation to NEPC.
Arrested ambition? Foreign investor protections, stabilization clauses and fossil‐fuelled power generation in developing countries
Authors: Moon Gillian
Published: July 2021

States introducing measures to transition away from fossil‐fuelled power generation might be obliged, under international investment treaty provisions, to compensate affected foreign investors in that sector. Treaty‐based investor protections may be augmented by broad entitlements in ‘stabilization clauses’ in project contracts between host States and foreign investors in the sector. This article explores the extent and scope of such clauses with regard to host developing countries, as well as the capacity of the clauses to hold back the transition by these countries. Much literature has focused on the exposure of fossil fuel‐rich developing countries to investor claims for compensation. This article concentrates on the arresting effect of investor protections on the ambition of fossil fuel import‐dependent developing countries to make a robust transition. Information is required urgently about the exposure of these countries to compensation claims, particularly under stabilization clauses, by foreign investors in the fossil‐fuelled power generation sector.
Modeling Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Scotland: A Spatiotemporal Clustering Approach
Authors: Gieschen Antonia , Ansell Jake , Calabrese Raffaella , Martin‐Barragan Belen
Published: July 2021

In 2016, the British government acknowledged the importance of reducing antimicrobial prescriptions to avoid the long‐term harmful effects of overprescription. Prescription needs are highly dependent on the factors that have a spatiotemporal component, such as bacterial outbreaks and urban densities. In this context, density‐based clustering algorithms are flexible tools to analyze data by searching for group structures and therefore identifying peer groups of GPs with similar behavior. The case of Scotland presents an additional challenge due to the diversity of population densities under the area of study. We propose here a spatiotemporal clustering approach for modeling the behavior of antimicrobial prescriptions in Scotland. Particularly, we consider the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN) due to its ability to include both spatial and temporal data. We extend this approach into two directions. For the temporal analysis, we use dynamic time warping to measure the dissimilarity between time series while taking into account effects such as seasonality. For the spatial component, we propose a new way of weighting spatial distances with continuous weights derived from a Kernel density estimation‐based process. This makes our approach suitable for cases with different local densities, which presents a well‐known challenge for the original DBSCAN. We apply our approach to antibiotic prescription data in Scotland, demonstrating how the findings can be used to compare antimicrobial prescription behavior within a group of similar peers and detect regions of extreme behaviors.
Estimation of the Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in People with Diabetes by Combining Information from Multiple Routine Data Collections
Authors: Geroldinger Angelika , Hronsky Milan , Endel Florian , Endel Gottfried , Oberbauer Rainer , Heinze Georg
Published: July 2021

Health care claims databases maintained by social insurance institutions provide rich and sometimes easily accessible data sources for epidemiological research. Interpreting the registered claims, for example, drug prescriptions, as proxies for the condition of interest, for example, diabetes, they allow for nationwide prevalence estimation. We illustrate a more subtle use of health care claims data in estimating the stage-specific prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Austrian population with diabetes. The main difficulty was that information on the type of disease (chronic or acute) and information on the stage of disease were only available for small, almost disjoint subsets of the health care claims data. Using high-dimensional regression models, we could combine the information and provide nationwide estimates of the stage-specific prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease. Validating our estimates by comparing to other studies, we found the level of agreement satisfying.
Young children evaluate and follow others’ arguments when forming and revising beliefs
Authors: Rakoczy Hannes , Miosga Nadja , Schultze Thomas
Published: July 2021

What do young children understand about arguments? Do they evaluate arguments critically when deciding whom to learn from? To address this question, we investigated children at age 4–5, when robust selective social learning is in place. In Studies 1a/b, children made an initial perceptual judgment regarding the location of an object under varying perceptual circumstances; then received advice by another informant who had better/worse perceptual access than them; and then made their final judgment. The advice by the other informant was sometimes accompanied by utterances of the form “I am certain … because I've seen it”. These utterances thus constituted good arguments in some conditions (informant could see clearly), but not in others (informant had poor perceptual access). Results showed that children evaluated argument quality in context‐sensitive ways and used them differentially for belief‐revision. They engaged in more belief‐revision when the informant gave this argument only when her perceptual condition, and thus her argument, was good. In Study 2, children were asked to find out about different properties (color/texture) of an object, and received conflicting testimony from two informants who supported their claims by utterances of the form “because I've seen it” (good argument regarding color/poor regarding texture) or “because I've felt it” (vice versa). Again, children engaged in context‐relative evaluation of argument quality, selectively learning from the agent with the appropriate argument. Taken together, these finding reveal that children from age 4 understand argument quality in sophisticated, context‐relative ways, and use this understanding for selective learning and belief‐revision.
Detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology of the Jianchuan Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and its implications for tectonic and paleodrainage evolution
Authors: Feng Ying , Song Chunhui , He Pengju , Meng Qingquan , Wang Qiaoxin , Wang Xinghong , Chen Wenqi
Published: July 2021

The Jianchuan Basin is a key region for determining the spatial‐temporal evolution of paleodrainage and tectonic at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. New detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology and paleocurrent data from Eocene formations in this basin suggest that the sediment sources switched from the remote sources (including Hoh‐Xil, Songpan‐Ganzi, North Qiangtang, Yidun and western Yangtze terranes) to local lithologies (adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks and western Yangtze block) from the early‐middle Eocene Baoxiangsi to the late Eocene Shuanghe and Jianchuan Formations. Such provenance changes support that large‐scale drainage reorganization occurred in the late Eocene (prior to ~36 Ma). This significant late Eocene provenance and drainage changes occurred as one of the responses to coeval topographic uplift in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.
A web text mining approach for the evaluation of regional characteristics at the town level
Authors: Wang Shu , Qian Lang , Zhu Yunqiang , Song Jia , Lu Feng , Zeng Hongyun , Chen Pengfei , Yuan Wen , Li Weirong , Geng Wenguang
Published: July 2021

The evaluation of regional characteristics can reveal the advantages of local industries that are significant to guide regional industrial restructuring and industrial layout. Detailed guidance requires fine‐grained evaluations of the regional characteristics, especially at the town level, since towns are the locations of industry. Existing evaluation methods, such as the location quotient and the Porter diamond model, depend on statistical data to compare the advantages of regional characteristics in different regions. Statistical data have fixed statistical items and spatial units that limit the content and granularity, respectively, of the evaluation. In existing methods, non‐covered industries and under‐counted units, especially at the town level and below, result in incomplete descriptions of the regional characteristics. In contrast, web text in the current internet era contains numerous descriptions of regional characteristics. Therefore, web text can potentially be used to evaluate these characteristics. This article proposes a novel web‐based method for the evaluation of regional characteristics (WERC). According to the features of the regional characteristics of the town in the web texts, the WERC method uses the term frequency method to extract the typical characteristics of the region by crawling text on websites and compares the relative advantage of the typical characteristics between different regions to determine the outstanding regional characteristics. WERC is used in a case study to evaluate the regional characteristics of 1,090 towns in Fujian Province, China, obtaining high precision (0.946) and recall (0.895). Unlike existing methods, the proposed method provides comprehensive quantitative town portraits to describe the regional characteristics. The town portrait not only shows the advantages of the typical characteristics of the town, but also quantifies the advantages using a ranking of the typical characteristics. The results can guide regional industrial restructuring and industrial layout and provide a novel approach for the evaluation of regional characteristics based on web text.
Weedy rice de‐domesticated from cultivated rice has evolved strong resistance to seed ageing
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Sun Xi‐Xi , He Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jin‐Ling , Chen Xiao‐Feng , Shi Zhi‐hua , Xiao‐Ling Song , Qiang Sheng , Dai Wei‐Min
Published: July 2021

Weed seeds generally have stronger ageing resistance than crops, allowing them to maintain their persistence in the field. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa), de‐domesticated from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), has become a pernicious weed in Chinese rice fields in recent years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolved strong resistance to seed ageing in the process of de‐domestication, thereby contributing to its persistence in the paddy field, requires investigation. Accordingly, the seeds of weedy rice populations and their co‐existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated after incubation at normal (25°C) and artificial accelerated ageing (50°C) conditions, for four consecutive years (2013–2016). The results showed that the seed‐ageing resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of its coexisting rice cultivars. The high temperature treatment and seed viability tests showed that weedy rice seeds had only weak dormancy in the first year (2013). Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between germination and latitude. At about 35° N, naturally selected weedy rice formed two distinct groups. This implies that indica–japonica differentiation might affect the ageing resistance of weedy rice and the coexisting cultivated rice. After dividing the weedy and cultivated rice into indica and japonica types, the germination percentage of the indica‐type was higher than that of the japonica type. These results indicate that weedy rice may have evolved new resistance to seed ageing that may be helpful in formulating prevention and control strategies for this problematic weed.
Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-β signaling
Authors: Finger Anna-Marie , Jäschke Sebastian , del Olmo Marta , Hurwitz Robert , Granada Adrián E. , Herzel Hanspeter , Kramer Achim
Published: July 2021

Paracrine TGF-β signaling is crucial to maintain robust and coherent circadian rhythms of peripheral oscillator networks.
A molecular sensor for cholesterol in the human serotonin
1A
receptor
Authors: Kumar G. Aditya , Sarkar Parijat , Stepniewski Tomasz Maciej , Jafurulla Md. , Singh Shishu Pal , Selent Jana , Chattopadhyay Amitabha
Published: July 2021

Serotonin
1A
receptor senses membrane cholesterol via a lysine residue in a CRAC motif in transmembrane helix 2.
Siberian Trap volcanism, global warming and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: New insights from Armenian Permian-Triassic sections: Comment
Authors: Horacek Micha , Krystyn Leopold , Baud Aymon
Published: July 2021

Joachimski et al. carried out geochemical investigations to study seawater temperature changes and their potential triggers across the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB). Unfortunately, in our opinion, an incorrect biochronology was applied to define the PTB, and the existing alternative was not considered, nor the reasoning explained. As a consequence, Joachimski et al. report diachronous temperature changes for the investigated Chanakhchi section with respect to the global stratotype section and point (GSSP) in Meishan, China. This discrepancy disappears when the, in our view, correct position of the PTB is adopted by using the proper biochronology.
Multi-stage India-Asia collision: Paleomagnetic constraints from Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis in the western Himalaya
Authors: Jadoon Umar Farooq , Huang Baochun , Shah Syed Anjum , Rahim Yasin , Khan Ahsan Ali , Bibi Asma
Published: July 2021

The India-Asia collision is the most spectacular, recent, and still active tectonic event of the Earth’s history, leading to the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, which has been explained through several hypothetical models. Still, controversy remains, such as how and when it occurred. Here we report a paleomagnetic study of Cretaceous-Tertiary marine sediments from the Tethyan Himalaya (TH) in the Hazara area, north Pakistan, which aims to constrain timing for the onset of the India-Asia collision and to confirm the validity of already proposed models, particularly in western Himalaya’s perspective. Our results suggest that the TH was located at a paleolatitude of 8.5°S ± 3.8° and 13.1°N ± 3.8° during the interval of ca. 84−79 Ma and 59−56 Ma, respectively. A comparison between paleopoles obtained from the current study and coeval ones of the India Plate indicates that the TH rifted from Greater India before the Late Cretaceous, generating the Tethys Himalaya Basin (THB). Our findings support a model for a multi-stage collision involving at least two major subduction systems. A collision of the TH with the Trans-Tethyan subduction system (TTSS) began first in Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene times (ca. 65 Ma), followed by a later collision with Asia at 55−52 Ma. The onset of the collision between the TH (plus TTSS) and Asia could not have occurred earlier than 59−56 Ma in the western Himalaya. Subsequently, the India craton collided with the TH, resulting in the diachronous closure of the THB between ca. 50 and ca. 40 Ma from west to east. These findings are consistent with geological and geochemical evidence and have a broad implication for plate reconfigurations, global climate, and biodiversity of collisional processes.
The products of primary magma fragmentation finally revealed by pumice agglomerates
Authors: Giachetti Thomas , Trafton Kathleen R. , Wiejaczka Joshua , Gardner James E. , Watkins James M. , Shea Thomas , Wright Heather M.N.
Published: July 2021

Following rapid decompression in the conduit of a volcano, magma breaks into ash- to block-sized fragments, powering explosive sub-Plinian and Plinian eruptions that may generate destructive pyroclastic falls and flows. It is thus crucial to assess how magma breaks up into fragments. This task is difficult, however, because of the subterranean nature of the entire process and because the original size of pristine fragments is modified by secondary fragmentation and expansion. New textural observations of sub-Plinian and Plinian pumice lapilli reveal that some primary products of magma fragmentation survive by sintering together within seconds of magma break-up. Their size distributions reflect the energetics of fragmentation, consistent with products of rapid decompression experiments. Pumice aggregates thus offer a unique window into the previously inaccessible primary fragmentation process and could be used to determine the potential energy of fragmentation.
Jurassic Arc: Reconstructing the Lost World of eastern Gondwana
Authors: Foley Elliot K. , Henderson R.A. , Roberts E.M. , Kemp A.I.S. , Todd C.N. , Knutsen E.M. , Fisher C. , Wainman C.C. , Spandler Carl
Published: July 2021

The tectonic setting of the Australian sector of the eastern Gondwanan margin during the Jurassic and Cretaceous is enigmatic. Whether this involved convergent tectonism and a long-lived continental magmatic arc or rift-related extension unrelated to subduction is debated. The paucity of Australian Jurassic–Cretaceous igneous outcrops makes resolving these competing models difficult. We used the detrital zircon record of the Jurassic–Cretaceous Great Australian Superbasin (GAS) as a proxy for igneous activity. We attribute the persistent magmatism recorded in GAS sedimentary fill throughout the Mesozoic to ca. 95 Ma to continuation of the established Paleozoic continental arc system. The detrital zircon record signals short (~10 m.y.) pulses of elevated Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatic activity and strongly positive εHf values, indicating juvenile crust or mantle-derived magmatism. Margin reconstruction indicates sustained continental growth at rates of at least ~55 km3 km–1 m.y.–1, mainly to the tract now represented by submerged northern Zealandia, due to the retreat of this arc system. We posit that arc retreat was a key factor in rapid crust generation and preservation, and that continental sedimentary systems globally may host cryptic records of juvenile crustal addition that must be considered in estimating crustal growth rates along convergent plate margins.
Acupuncture and related techniques for obesity and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Chen Jianrong , Chen Dongping , Ren Qing , Zhu Weifeng , Xu Sheng , Lu Ling , Chen Xiaofan , Yan Dongmei , Nie Heyun , Zhou Xu
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To assess how acupuncture and related techniques affect weight-related indicators and cardiovascular risk factors compared with non-acupuncture interventions in overweight and obese patients.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL up to 19 April 2018 and included relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using the inverse variance method with random-effects model. Prespecified hypotheses were tested in meta-regression to investigate the source of heterogeneity. Statistical software packages used were RevMan 5.3.5 and Stata 14.0.

Results:

Thirty-three RCTs were included (n=2503 patients). Compared with non-acupuncture interventions, acupuncture produced a greater reduction in body weight (WMD −1.76 kg, 95% CI −2.22 to −1.30, I2=77%; moderate quality), body mass index (WMD −1.13 kg/m2, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.88, I2=85%; low quality) and waist circumference (WMD −2.42 cm, 95% CI −3.22 to −1.62, I2=75%; moderate quality). Acupuncture plus lifestyle intervention resulted in a greater reduction in body weight than acupuncture alone (MD −1.94 kg, 95% CI −3.17 to −0.70). Acupuncture also led to a greater reduction in total cholesterol (WMD −12.87 mg/dL, 95% CI −22.17 to −3.57, I2=87%; very low quality) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD −13.52 mg/dL, 95% CI −21.47 to −5.58, I2=74%; low quality). The differences were not statistically significant for blood glucose or blood pressure.

Conclusion:

In the short term, acupuncture and related techniques may produce a small but statistically significant degree of weight loss based on moderate- to low-quality evidence, and improve serum lipid parameters based on low- to very-low-quality evidence. Their effects on blood glucose and blood pressure remain uncertain.
Complex regional pain syndrome of the residual limb in a transtibial lower-limb amputee: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Karatzios Christos , Luthi Francois , Muff Guillaume , Benaim Charles
Published: July 2021

We present the unusual case of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the residual limb in a 54-year-old woman with transtibial lower-limb amputation. Intractable pain developed 14 months after amputation, followed by successful rehabilitation. Anamnesis and clinical findings included sensory symptoms, vasomotor symptoms and signs, and oedema. The Budapest criteria for a diagnosis of CRPS were met. After infusions of bisphosphonates during a 5-week inpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme, the pain decreased. Clinicians should suspect CRPS in case of chronic or recurrent residual limb pain. The Budapest criteria seem applicable even if interpretation of symptoms and findings can be complicated in vascular polymorbid lower-limb amputation. Bisphosphonates, proposed as first-line pharmacological treatment, can be useful.
Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in an adult
Authors: Faller Eamonn , Barry Rachel , O'Flynn Owen , Kearney Peter , Sadlier Corinna
Published: July 2021

Kawasaki-like hyperinflammatory syndrome has been widely described as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in paediatric patients. We report a compatible presentation and suggest that physicians consider the potential for this multisystem inflammatory syndrome to occur in adults. A 23-year-old man presented to hospital with a 4-day history of vomiting, diarrhoea, dry cough, fever and a blanching erythematous rash on hands, feet and buttocks. He was otherwise fit and healthy. On day 3 of admission, marked bilateral conjunctivitis developed and high sensitivity troponin I increased significantly, followed by acute respiratory compromise requiring high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. Transthoracic echocardiogram on day 5 showed severe global hypokinesis of the left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 22%. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected by reverse transcription PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum or stool samples, however, SARS-CoV-2 antibody was positive. The patient’s syndrome resolved and cardiomyopathy reversed completely with supportive measures. He has since made a good recovery.
Very late-onset Friedreich’s ataxia with rapid course mimicking as possible multiple system atrophy cerebellar type
Authors: Vidhale Tushar Ashok , Gupta Hemant R , PJ Rohan , Gandhi Charmi
Published: July 2021

This article has been retracted.
Reflexive thematic analysis exploring stakeholder experiences of virtual pulmonary rehabilitation (VIPAR)
Authors: Knox Liam , Gemine Rachel , Dunning Michelle , Lewis Keir
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To enable greater availability of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), video-conferencing technology was employed to link a community site to a standard outpatient PR service to deliver the programme closer to those with chronic respiratory disease. The service was called virtual pulmonary rehabilitation (VIPAR). To understand the experiences of those involved in this service, this study aimed to answer the question: How do the different stakeholders that interact with VIPAR experience the programme?

Methods

Focus groups were conducted with people with chronic lung disease attending either the community or outpatient PR site, in addition to the staff involved in the running of the PR groups. A total of five focus groups were conducted. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.

Results

Participants who received VIPAR were positive regarding the programme and described the benefits of the service. Additionally, participants discussed the trade-off between convenience and relatedness. Staff described barriers to the service and solutions that could be employed to mitigate these, including greater training, organisation and understanding of risk.

Discussion

Using technology to increase the availability of PR is acceptable to the stakeholders involved, providing problems and organisational issues are resolved with training.