bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of bariatric surgery in liver transplantation: timing and type
Authors: Safavi Danial , Creavin Ben , Gallagher Tom K. , Kelly Michael E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The rise in obesity worldwide has shifted the indications for liver transplantation (LT), with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) being the second most common indication for transplantation. There remains an underestimation of cirrhosis being attributed to NASH. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a reliable solution to overcome obesity and its associated comorbidities. The role of BS in LT has been investigated by different studies; however, the type of BS and timing of LT need further investigation.

Methods

A systemic review examining the role of BS in LT patients was performed. After selection of the studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers. Primary outcomes included patient and graft survival.

Results

From a total of 2374 articles, five met the prefined criteria. One hundred sixty-two patients had both BS + LT and 1426 underwent LT alone. The percentage of female patients in the BS + LT and LT cohorts was 75% and 35% respectively. The average age in BS + LT and LT cohorts was 43.05 vs. 56.22 years respectively. Patients undergoing BS had comparable outcomes in terms of overall patient survival, graft survival and post-operative morbidity compared to LT alone. When comparing BMI change in patients with prior versus simultaneous BS + LT, no significant difference was found.

Conclusion

BS and LT patients achieve comparable outcomes to general LT populations. Further studies examining simultaneous BS + LT are needed to answer questions concerning patient selection and timing of surgery.
Harnessing the benefits of yoga for myositis, muscle dystrophies, and other musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Saud Ahmad , Abbasi Maryam , Merris Holly , Parth Pranav , Jones Xaviar Michael , Aggarwal Rohit , Gupta Latika
Published: July 2022

The recent global increase in popularity of home-based yoga, an ancient Indian technique practiced for thousands of years, has translated into its use as a complementary therapy for a multitude of ailments. This review aims to examine the published literature regarding the effects of yoga therapy on systemic chronic diseases; in particular on the inflammatory myopathies (IMs) and other muscle disorders.

Despite the fact that the evidence base for yoga in inflammatory myositis is in its infancy, collateral results in other disorders such as muscular dystrophies are promising. A beneficial effect of yoga in chronic pain has been shown alongside an improvement in motor function and muscle strength. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with respiratory involvement may find improvement in lung function. Elderly patients may experience reduction in falls secondary to an improvement in balance while practicing long-term yoga therapy.

Further benefits are improving disorders of mental health such as depression and anxiety. A reported improvement in overall quality of life further suggests its efficacy in reducing morbidity in patients with chronic diseases, who often suffer co-existent psychological comorbidities.
Left ventricular assist device and pump thrombosis: the importance of the inflow cannula position
Authors: Kortekaas Kirsten A. , de Graaf Michiel A. , Palmen Meindert , Braun Jerry , Mertens Bart J. A. , Tops Laurens F. , Beeres Saskia L. M. A.
Published: July 2022

Pump thrombosis is a devastating complication after left ventricular assist device implantation. This study aims to elucidate the relation between left ventricular assist device implantation angle and risk of pump thrombosis. Between November 2010 and March 2020, 53 left ventricular assist device-patients underwent a computed tomography scan. Using a 3-dimensional multiplanar reformation the left ventricular axis was reconstructed to measure the implantation angle of the inflow cannula. All patients were retrospectively analyzed for the occurrence of pump thrombosis. In 10 (91%) patients with a pump thrombosis, the implantation angle was towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle. In only 20 patients (49%) of the patients without a pump thrombosis the inflow cannula pointed towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle. The mean angle in patients with a pump thrombosis was 10.1 ± 11.9 degrees towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle compared to 4.1 ± 19.9 degrees towards the septum in non-pump thrombosis patients (P = 0.005). There was a trend towards a significant difference in time to first pump thrombosis between patients with a lateral or septal deviated left ventricular assist device (hazard ratio of 0.15, P = 0.07). This study demonstrates that left ventricular assist device implantation angle is associated with pump thrombosis. Almost all patients in whom a pump thrombosis occurred during follow-up had a left ventricular assist device implanted with the inflow-cannula pointing towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle.
Dynamic slate recommendation with gated recurrent units and Thompson sampling
Authors: Eide Simen , Leslie David S. , Frigessi Arnoldo
Published: July 2022

We consider the problem of recommending relevant content to users of an internet platform in the form of lists of items, called slates. We introduce a variational Bayesian Recurrent Neural Net recommender system that acts on time series of interactions between the internet platform and the user, and which scales to real world industrial situations. The recommender system is tested both online on real users, and on an offline dataset collected from a Norwegian web-based marketplace, FINN.no, that is made public for research. This is one of the first publicly available datasets which includes all the slates that are presented to users as well as which items (if any) in the slates were clicked on. Such a data set allows us to move beyond the common assumption that implicitly assumes that users are considering all possible items at each interaction. Instead we build our likelihood using the items that are actually in the slate, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches theoretically and in experiments. We also introduce a hierarchical prior for the item parameters based on group memberships. Both item parameters and user preferences are learned probabilistically. Furthermore, we combine our model with bandit strategies to ensure learning, and introduce ‘in-slate Thompson sampling’ which makes use of the slates to maximise explorative opportunities. We show experimentally that explorative recommender strategies perform on par or above their greedy counterparts. Even without making use of exploration to learn more effectively, click rates increase simply because of improved diversity in the recommended slates.
Perceived Injustice as a Determinant of the Severity of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Occupational Injury
Authors: Pavilanis Antonina , Truchon Manon , Achille Marie , Coté Pierre , Sullivan Michael JL
Published: July 2022

Background

The present study assessed the role of perceived injustice in the experience and persistence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following work-related musculoskeletal injury.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 187 individuals who were absent from work as a result of a musculoskeletal injury. Participants completed measures of pain severity, perceived injustice, catastrophic thinking, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and disability on three occasions at three-week intervals.

Results

Consistent with previous research, correlational analyses revealed significant cross-sectional relations between pain and PTSS, and between perceived injustice and PTSS. Regression analysis on baseline data revealed that perceived injustice contributed significant variance to the prediction of PTSS, beyond the variance accounted for by pain severity and catastrophic thinking. Sequential analyses provided support for a bi-directional relation between perceived injustice and PTSS. Cross-lagged regression analyses showed that early changes in perceived injustice predicted later changes in PTSS and early changes in PTSS predicted later changes in perceived injustice.

Conclusions

Possible linkages between perceived injustice and PTSS are discussed. The development of effective intervention techniques for targeting perceptions of injustice might be important for promoting recovery of PTSS consequent to musculoskeletal injury.
Authoritarian or Simply Disillusioned? Explaining Democratic Skepticism in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Auerbach Kiran , Petrova Bilyana
Published: July 2022

Survey research has revealed that post-communist citizens are skeptical towards democracy. Despite a substantial body of literature that has researched the origins and determinants of these attitudes, consensus has not yet emerged. A major challenge has been to distinguish between individual support for democracy as an ideal political regime and satisfaction with the way democracy is practiced in one’s country. Using structural equation modeling with latent variables, we improve measurement validity and account for feedback effects to better understand the relationship between these attitudes. Consistent with our performance-based theory, we find that positive assessments of political performance drive normative support for democracy. The impact of satisfaction with democracy on democratic support suggests that we should not rush to view post-communist citizens' mindset as anomalous and inherently anti-democratic. Rather, post-communist skepticism of democracy might be generalized to contexts characterized by flawed implementation and unmet expectations of this form of government.
Validation of ERA5-Land temperature and relative humidity on four Peruvian glaciers using on-glacier observations
Authors: Bonshoms Martí , Ubeda Jose , Liguori Giovanni , Körner Philipp , Navarro Álvaro , Cruz Rolando
Published: July 2022

Weather and climate conditions drive the evolution of tropical glaciers which play an important role as water reservoirs for Peruvian inhabitants in the arid coast and semi-arid Andean region. The scarcity of long-term high-quality observations over Peruvian glaciers has motivated the extensive use of reanalysis data to describe the climatic evolution of these glaciers. However, the representativeness and uncertainties of these reanalysis products over these glaciers are still poorly constrained. This study evaluates the ability of the ERA5-Land reanalysis (ERA5L) to reproduce hourly and monthly 2 m air temperature and relative humidity (T2m and Rh2m, respectively) over several Peruvian glaciers. We compared the ERA5L with data from four on-glacier automatic weather stations (AWS), whose hourly time series were completed with nearby stations, for the period January 2017 to December 2019. Results indicates a better performance of the reanalysis for T2m (r >0.80) than for Rh2m (∼0.4< r <∼0.6) in all four glaciers. Concerning the observations, both parameters show a daily cycle influenced by the presence of the glacier. This influence is more prominent during the dry months when the so-called glacier damping and cooling effects are stronger. On a monthly time scale, the ERA5L validation for both parameters are better in wet outer tropical sites (RMSE between ±0.2°C for T2m and between 3%–7% for Rh2m) rather than in dry outer tropical sites (RMSE between ±0.2°C for T2m and between 3%–7% for Rh2m). Among all sites considered in the study, the Rh2m bias is the highest in the Cavalca glacier (correlation of 0.81; RMSE 13%, MAE 11% and bias 8.3%) and the lowest in Artesonraju glacier (correlation of 0.96; RMSE 3%; MAE 2.3% and bias — 0.8%). Based on certain considerations outlined in this paper, it is appropriate to use ERA5L to characterize T2m and Rh2m conditions on Peruvian glaciers, particularly in the wet outer tropics.
Near-seamless joining of Cf/SiC composites using Y3Si2C2 via electric field-assisted sintering technique
Authors: Yu Teng , Xu Jie , Zhou Xiaobing , Tatarko Peter , Li Yang , Huang Zhengren , Huang Qing
Published: July 2022

A novel Y3Si2C2 material was synthesized at a relatively low temperature (900 °C) using a molten salt method for the first time, and subsequently used as the joining material for carbon fiber reinforced SiC (Cf/SiC) composites. The sound near-seamless joints with no obvious remaining interlayer were obtained at 1600 °C using an electric field-assisted sintering technique (FAST). During joining, a liquid phase was formed by the eutectic reaction among Y3Si2C2, γ(Y—C) phase, and SiC, followed by the precipitation of SiC particles. The presence of the liquid promoted the sintering of newly formed SiC particles, leading to their complete consolidation with the Cf/SiC matrix. On the other hand, the excess of the liquid was pushed away from the joining area under the effect of a uniaxial pressure of 30 MPa, leading to the formation of the near-seamless joints. The highest shear strength (τ) of 17.2±2.9 MPa was obtained after being joined at 1600 °C for 10 min. The failure of the joints occurred in the Cf/SiC matrix, indicating that the interface was stronger than that of the Cf/SiC matrix. The formation of a near-seamless joint minimizes the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and also irradiation-induced swelling, suggesting that the proposed joining strategy can be potentially applied to SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for extreme environmental applications.
On the origin of plasticity-induced microstructure change under sliding contacts
Authors: Xu Yilun , Balint Daniel S. , Greiner Christian , Dini Daniele
Published: July 2022

Discrete dislocation plasticity (DDP) calculations are carried out to investigate the response of a single crystal contacted by a rigid sinusoidal asperity under sliding loading conditions to look for causes of microstructure change in the dislocation structure. The mechanistic driver is identified as the development of lattice rotations and stored energy in the subsurface, which can be quantitatively correlated to recent tribological experimental observations. Maps of surface slip initiation and substrate permanent deformation obtained from DDP calculations for varying contact size and normal load suggest ways of optimally tailoring the interface and microstructural material properties for various frictional loads.
Effect of functional groups on tribological properties of lubricants and mechanism investigation
Authors: Yu Hongxiang , Chen Haijie , Zheng Zhiwen , Qiao Dan , Feng Dapeng , Gong Zhenbin , Dong Guojun
Published: July 2022

Nine organic compounds were utilized as model lubricants to investigate the impact of functional groups on tribological performances. Nonanoic Acid with carboxyl showed the best lubrication properties, and fluid film and tribofilm were coexistent in its friction test, bringing a low friction coefficient and wear rate. In addition, the lubricant with low friction coefficient corresponded to high adsorption energy in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. And the lubricant forming adsorption film with large surface energy displayed small wear rate in friction test. Moreover, adsorption energies positively correlated surface energies. Based on the experimental results, the action mechanism of functional groups on tribological properties of lubricants was proposed. Various functional groups make lubricant molecules show different adsorption energies and surface energies. Lubricant molecules with high adsorption energy are more likely to adsorb on substrates and form a vertical monolayer, which can maintain a regular molecular brush structure during friction and bring a low friction coefficient. And lubricant molecules with high surface energy may be more prone having tribochemical reactions during friction and forming protective tribofilm, which leads to a low wear rate.
Maintenance Laser Treatment for Vaginal Looseness and Sexual Dysfunction: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lauterbach Roy , Aharoni Saar , Farago Naama , Justman Naphtali , Mick Ido , Siegler Yoav , Matanes Emad , Gruenwald Ilan , Grunwald Oren , Lowenstein Lior
Published: July 2022

Background

Vaginal looseness and decreased sensation during intercourse is prevalent in up to 30%–55% of premenopausal women. The efficacy and safety of CO2 laser have been demonstrated for these indications; however, the effect is temporary, up to 6–12 months. No studies regarding the efficacy and safety of adjuvant laser treatments have been conducted to date.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single maintenance CO2 laser treatment in women with vaginal looseness and a concurrent decline in sexual sensation during intercourse.

Methods

This prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial included premenopausal women who experienced significant temporary improvement in symptoms following previous treatment with CO2 laser due to the abovementioned indications. Participants were randomized to either a single CO2 laser treatment or a single sham treatment.

Outcomes

Treatment efficacy evaluated with the female sexual function index (FSFI) and the vaginal health index (VHI).

Results

Overall, 119 women were included in the study. Mean VHI and FSFI scores were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group at three months post-treatment (17.34±1.39 vs 12.86±2.23, P = .023 and 30.93±1.79 vs 25.78±1.87, P = .044, respectively). In the study group, both VHI and FSFI returned to baseline at six months post-treatment. The median rate of sexual intercourse per month was increased in the study group at three months post-treatment (8 vs 4, P = .011), and returned to baseline at six months post-treatment.

Clinical implications

Maintenance laser treatment provides a temporary non-surgical alternative for women with vaginal looseness and associated sexual dysfunction, though treatment effect seems to be limited to less than 6 months, requiring additional maintenance sessions.

Strengths and limitations

The strengths of the current study include a randomized-sham controlled design. Furthermore, VHI was used as an objective evaluation tool, in addition to the FSFI, and assessment of the rate of sexual intercourse. The homogeneity and the relatively small sample size of the cohort is a limitation, and calls for caution in interpretation of the results, and the use of CO2 laser treatment in different age groups and populations.

Conclusion

A single maintenance laser treatment in women who previously underwent successful treatment with laser is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe procedure for treating symptoms of vaginal looseness and sexual dysfunction, though effects are temporary.
Induced seismicity and seismic risk management – a showcase from the Californië geothermal field (the Netherlands)
Authors: Vörös Robert , Baisch Stefan
Published: July 2022

Two closely spaced geothermal doublets were operated in the Californië geothermal field near Venlo, the Netherlands. The geothermal wells target the Dinantian Zeeland formation below 2 km depth. For several years, hot fluid was produced from the Tegelen fault, a regional fault in the Roer Valley rift system, until a felt M1.7 earthquake led to the suspension of geothermal activities. The Californië showcase provides a rare opportunity to retrospectively evaluate the assessment and the management of induced seismicity risks for a geothermal project. A seismic hazard assessment was conducted at several stages of the project, and seismicity was continuously monitored with a local station network.

In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the induced seismicity and evaluate the findings of the seismic hazard assessments conducted prior to the earthquakes. Seismic hazard assessments were based on numerical simulations of subsurface stress changes associated with geothermal operations. A geomechanical analysis indicated that the mapped faults in the subsurface are likely to be critically stressed. The largest hazard was inferred to result from thermo-elastic stresses, originating from cold water injection close to the Tegelen fault.

Subsequent earthquakes predominantly occurred near a production well after stopping or reducing production. We attributed this observation to a thermo-elastic stress load caused by cold water injection close to the Tegelen fault, combined with a counter-acting stabilisation of the fault due to pressure depletion during production. This mechanism was consistent with the dominating mechanism considered in the preceeding seismic hazard assessments. Although geothermal operations have not resumed yet, the geomechanical analysis indicates that re-locating one of the injection wells further away from the Tegelen fault could provide an efficient measure for mitigating induced seismicity risks at Californië.
The impact of Neighbourhood Team Development on resident quality of life in long-term care
Authors: Heyer Michelle , Boscart Veronique M. , Ploeg Jenny , Butt Michelle , Kaasalainen Sharon , Costa Andrew
Published: July 2022

Long-term care (LTC) residents often experience poor quality of life (QOL). Culture change has been proposed as an approach to improve resident centredness in care, thereby aiming to enhance residents' QOL. This article reports on one of the findings of the implementation of an organisational culture change approach, Neighbourhood Team Development (NTD). A retrospective cohort design was used to explore resident QOL scores. The sample included 232 residents across six Ontario LTC homes. Quantitative data were collected through the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set 2.0 (RAI-MDS 2.0) and the interRAI Self-Report QOL Survey for Long Term Care Facilities (SQOL-LTCF). Results demonstrated that culture change interventions, such as NTD, improve residents' QOL scores (+3.5 points, p = 0.0034). This article also adds to knowledge on the use of the SQOL-LTCF as a standardised assessment tool to measure QOL in LTC, and provides rationale to include resident QOL as a key outcome measure in quality improvement initiatives and care modelling in LTC homes.
Socioeconomic inequality of long-term care for older people with and without dementia in England
Authors: Hu Bo , Read Sanna , Wittenberg Raphael , Brimblecombe Nicola , Rodrigues Ricardo , Banerjee Sube , Dixon Josie , Robinson Louise , Rehill Amritpal , Fernandez Jose-Luis
Published: July 2022

Ensuring distributive fairness in the long-term care sector is vitally important in the context of global population ageing and rising care needs. This study, part of the DETERMIND (DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers) programme, investigates socioeconomic inequality and inequity in the utilisation of long-term care for older people with and without dementia in England. The data come from three waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, Waves 6–8, N = 16,458). We find that older people with dementia have higher levels of care needs and a lower socioeconomic status than those without dementia. The distribution of formal and informal care is strongly pro-poor. When care needs are controlled for, there is no significant inequality of formal or informal care among people with dementia, nor of informal care among people without dementia, but there is a significant pro-rich distribution of formal care among people without dementia. Unmet care needs are significantly concentrated among poorer people, both with and without dementia. We argue that the long-term care system in England plays a constructive role in promoting socioeconomic equality of long-term care for people with dementia, but support for older people with lower financial means and substantial care needs remains insufficient. Increased government support for older people is needed to break the circle between care inequality and health inequality.
Webinar on the subject of English and applied linguistics
Authors: Widdowson Henry , Yazdi-Amirkhiz Seyed Yasin
Published: July 2022

In my presentation I argue, not for the first time, the need to rethink orthodox ideas about the relationship between applied linguistics and English language teaching that have been promoted in the past and still prevail. I will do this by taking up issues in questions that I invited colleagues to send me in advance; issues that I have discussed elsewhere, most recently in Widdowson (2019, 2020). Therefore, in many ways, this talk is a reformulation of views I have expressed in the past, but which, I would claim, have a direct relevance to the present.
Traditional Rituals as Conduits for Political Ascendancy: The Pang Lhabsol Festival of Sikkim, India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arkaprava
Published: July 2022

This article explores the role of the traditional Pang Lhabsol festival of Sikkim in India as a medium for political ascendancy and influence in the region – a phenomenon that has continued, albeit with different political inflections, from its founding days until the present. Since its emergence as an indigenous practice in the thirteenth century, it has consistently transformed according to each juncture of political realignment in the region. After 1642, the festival was redesigned to resonate with the religion and ideology of the ruling Namgyal dynasty, playing out negotiations between mainstream Buddhism and the animistic Bon religion. While the inclusion of the Pangtoed Chham dance performance in the ritualistic itinerary of Pang Lhabsol had very significantly reinforced the role of the king as the protector of the people and their faith, the festival has been considerably overshadowed by the inclusion of new elements that resonate with the secular narrative of India after 1975. The article identifies the significance of each of these new elements, drawing as well on audience research undertaken through in-depth interviews. Arkaprava Chattopadhyay is an Assistant Professor at the Shri Ramasamy Memorial University in Sikkim, as well as a doctoral candidate at the Central University of Sikkim.
Sex differences in the association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and metabolic risks among the working-age population in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Chun-Tung , Chen Duan-Rung , Chan Chang-Chuan , Yeh Yen-Po , Chen Hsiu-Hsi
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are linked to increased metabolic risk. However, the sex differences in the relationship between SSB intake and adverse health effects remain unclear. Therefore, the present study examined the association between SSB consumption and metabolic risks among working-age males and females from Taiwanese communities.

Design:

A community-based study utilised data from a comprehensive health screening project conducted by the Public Health Bureau in Changhua County, Taiwan. Metabolic risks included waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, TAG, LDL cholesterol and fasting glucose level using serum tests.

Setting:

Participants were recruited in Changhua County, Taiwan.

Participants:

Between 2005 and 2014, 92 724 citizens participated in the health screening; our data analysis included 75 278 respondents between 30 and 64.

Results:

The results showed that the frequency of SSB consumption was associated with abnormal waist circumference and elevated total cholesterol, TAG, LDL and glucose in both men and women. Increased SSB consumption frequency was associated with elevated glucose and hypertension in women. Even a slight increase in SSB intake frequency was related to raising the metabolic risks. Similar patterns were evident when models included BMI; however, the associations were attenuated. In the BMI-stratified subgroup analysis, the relationship between SSB consumption and metabolic risks was more pronounced in participants without obesity.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that SSB consumption carries metabolic risk among working-age Taiwanese, particularly women and those without obesity. Health promotion programmes should raise awareness of the health hazards associated with SSB.
The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding
Authors: Hoffman Andrew O. , Christianson Knut , Holschuh Nicholas , Case Elizabeth , Kingslake Jonathan , Arthern Robert
Published: July 2022

Swath radar technology enables three‐dimensional mapping of modern glacier beds over large areas at resolutions that are higher than those typically used in ice‐flow models. These data may enable new understanding of processes at the ice‐bed interface. Here, we use two densely surveyed swath‐mapped topographies (<50 m2 resolution) of Thwaites Glacier to investigate the sensitivity of inferred basal friction proxies to bed roughness magnitude and orientation. Our work suggests that along‐flow roughness influences inferred friction more than transverse‐flow roughness, which agrees with analytic form‐drag sliding theory. Using our model results, we calculate the slip length (the ratio of internal shear to basal slip). We find excellent agreement between the numerically derived slip lengths and slip lengths predicted by analytic form‐drag sliding theory, which suggests that unresolved short wavelength bed roughness may control sliding in the Thwaites interior.
Towards a Unified Setup to Simulate Mid‐Latitude and Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems at Kilometer‐Scales
Authors: Prein Andreas F. , Ge Ming , Valle Alexandra Ramos , Wang Dié , Giangrande Scott E.
Published: July 2022

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the main source of precipitation in the tropics and parts of the mid‐latitudes and are responsible for high‐impact weather worldwide. Studies showed that deficiencies in simulating mid‐latitude MCSs in state‐of‐the‐art climate models can be alleviated by kilometer‐scale models. However, whether these models can also improve tropical MCSs and whether we can find model settings that perform well in both regions is understudied. We take advantage of high‐quality MCS observations collected over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facilities in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP) and the Amazon basin near Manaus (MAO) to evaluate a perturbed physics ensemble of simulated MCSs with 4 km horizontal grid spacing. A new model evaluation method is developed that enables to distinguish biases stemming from spatiotemporal displacements of MCSs from biases in their reflectivity and cloud shield. Amazon MCSs are similarly well simulated across these evaluation metrics than SGP MCSs despite the challenges anticipated from weaker large‐scale forcing in the tropics. Generally, SGP MCSs are more sensitive to the choice of model microphysics, while Amazon cases are more sensitive to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme. Although our tested model physics combinations had strengths and weaknesses, combinations that performed well for SGP simulations result in worse results in the Amazon basin and vice versa. However, we identified model settings that perform well at both locations, which include the Thompson and Morrison microphysics coupled with the Yonsei University (YSU) PBL scheme and the Thompson scheme coupled with the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic PBL scheme.
Living near Fumigant-Using Farms Could Increase Cancer Risk
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: July 2022

Analysis of data from 11 western U.S. states found higher cancer rates in people living in areas with elevated gas-based pest control.
Development of the Nyika Plateau, Malawi: A Long Lived Paleo‐Surface or a Contemporary Feature of the East African Rift?
Authors: McMillan M. F. , Boone S. C. , Kohn B. P. , Gleadow A. J. , Chindandali P. R.
Published: July 2022

Northern Malawi's Nyika Plateau is a 3,700 km2 large, highly elevated (∼2,500 m) plateau located at the western margin of the Miocene‐Recent Malawi rift and the confluence of multiple Proterozoic orogenic belts. Neighboring asthenospheric upwelling in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, associated with the active East African Rift, has created similar topographic highs, leading some to speculate that the formation of Nyika could be related. Here, we present new low‐temperature data using apatite fission track, apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronology to constrain the upper crustal thermal history of the Nyika region since the Devonian. The data suggest that Nyika was an isolated feature since at least the Permo‐Triassic, well before more recent rifting in Malawi, and may have developed as a horst between two large Karoo grabens, the Henga‐Ruhuhu and the North Rukuru to the southeast and northwest, respectively. Similarities between the thermal histories of Nyika and the currently separated Livingstone Plateau to the east allow for the possibility that these may have been connected in a contiguous highland prior to the formation of the intervening Neogene Malawi rift. Thermal history models for exposed Precambrian basement samples adjacent to Nyika, and once buried beneath the neighboring Karoo basins, indicate that up to 3.4 km of Permo‐Triassic section has since been eroded, with samples along the plateau not indicating burial of Karoo‐type sediment at this time. Most recent cooling histories suggest that the plateau surface continued to denude at varying degrees from the Cretaceous and reached near‐surface temperatures in the Late Paleogene‐Neogene.
Quantifying the Contribution of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies to Low Oxygen Extreme Events
Authors: Atkins Jamie , Andrews Oliver , Frenger Ivy
Published: July 2022

Ocean mesoscale eddies have been identified as drivers of localized extremely low dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) conditions in the subsurface. We employ a global physical‐biogeochemical ocean model at eddy‐permitting resolution to conduct a census of open‐ocean eddies near Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems adjacent to tropical Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs). We track cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies with a surface signature over the period 1992–2018 and isolate their subsurface oxygen characteristics. We identify strongly deoxygenating eddies and quantify their contribution to low [O2] extreme events. Our results show that model simulated low [O2] extreme event frequency is 2–7 times higher in eddies versus non‐eddying locations, with regionally more than half of low [O2] extreme events outside of the permanent OMZs being associated with eddies. Our study highlights the need for further work to investigate the drivers, characteristics and potential ecosystem impacts of low [O2] extreme events.
A Simple Conceptual Model for the Self‐Sustained Multidecadal AMOC Variability
Authors: Wei X. , Zhang R.
Published: July 2022

Multidecadal variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been reconstructed by various proxies, simulated in climate models, and linked to multidecadal Arctic salinity variability. Here we construct a simple conceptual model to understand the two‐way interactions of the Arctic with multidecadal AMOC variability through a delayed oscillator mechanism. We revise Stommel's Two‐Box Model by including an advective time delay for the Arctic density/salinity anomalies to reach the subpolar North Atlantic and a coupled negative feedback between the AMOC and the freshwater flux entering the Arctic through atmosphere and/or sea ice responses. Self‐sustained multidecadal AMOC oscillations exist in the revised Stommel's Two‐Box model if the oceanic advective time delay is longer than the oscillation threshold, and the periods of the AMOC delayed oscillator depend crucially on this advective time delay. The coupled freshwater feedback provides additional delayed negative feedback and reduces the advective time delay threshold required for the oscillations.
Filament stretching during micro-extrusion of silver pastes enables an improved fine-line silicon solar cell metallization
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Much Maximilian , Bujnoch Elisabeth , Spahn Stefan , Tepner Sebastian , Clement Florian
Published: July 2022

The metallization of heterojunction solar cells requires a further reduction of silver consumption to lower production costs and save resources. This article presents how filament stretching of polymer-based low-temperature curing Ag pastes during micro-extrusion enables this reduction while at the same time offering a high production throughput potential. In a series of experiments the relationship between the printing velocity and the filament stretching, thus the reduction of Ag-electrode widths and Ag laydown is evaluated. Furthermore, an existing filament stretching model for the parallel dispensing process is advanced further and utilized to calculate the elongational viscosity. The stretching effect enables a reduction of the Ag-electrode width by down to Δwf = − 40%rel. depending on the nozzle diameter and paste type. The Ag laydown has been reduced from mAg,cal. = 0.84 mg per printed line to only mAg,cal. = 0.54 mg per printed Ag-electrode when 30 µm nozzle openings are used, demonstrating the promising potential of parallel dispensing technology for the metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells.
Confining enzymes in porous organic frameworks: from synthetic strategy and characterization to healthcare applications
Authors: Huang Siming , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: July 2022

This review comprehensively presents the cutting-edge advances of enzyme confinement using different porous organic frameworks.
Carbon electrode obtained via pyrolysis of plasma-deposited parylene-C for electrochemical immunoassays
Authors: Song Zhiquan , Park Jun-Hee , Kim Hong-Rae , Lee Ga-Yeon , Kang Min-Jung , Kim Moo-Hwan , Pyun Jae-Chul
Published: July 2022

In this study, parylene-C films from plasma deposition as well as thermal deposition were pyrolyzed to prepare a carbon electrode for application in electrochemical immunoassays.
A unique water soluble probe for measuring the cardiac marker homocysteine and its clinical validation
Authors: Debnath Snehasish , Nair Ratish R. , Ghosh Riya , Kiranmai Gaddam , Radhakishan Narsini , Nagesh Narayana , Chatterjee Pabitra B.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we describe a series of water soluble copper(ii) compounds capable of selectively measuring the cardiac marker homocysteine in patients’ blood plasma via fluorescence technique.
Integrated photoelectrochemical energy storage cells prepared by benchtop ion soft landing
Authors: Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Romo Joelle , Bhattarai Ashish , George Kyle , Norberg Zachary M. , Kalb David , Aprà Edoardo , Kottke Peter A. , Fedorov Andrei G. , El-Khoury Patrick Z. , Johnson Grant E. , Laskin Julia
Published: July 2022

Soft landing eliminates counter cations from Keggin polyoxometalate-based photocathodes, resulting in a ∼370% increase in maximum power output from a novel device that simultaneously harvests and stores solar energy.
Supramolecular polymerization of thiobarbituric acid naphthalene dye
Authors: Aizawa Takumi , Kawaura Maika , Kajitani Takashi , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Shigeta Yasuteru , Yagai Shiki
Published: July 2022

Self-assembly pathways of barbituric acid dyes can be dramatically changed by partial O-to-S substitution for a critical CO group of the hydrogen-bonding barbituric acid group.
Synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazines via Y(OTf)3-catalyzed ring opening/annulation cascade reaction of benzoxazoles with propargylic alcohols
Authors: Qi Hongbo , Zhao Yupeng , Li Wencong , Chen Shufeng
Published: July 2022

A convenient Y(OTf)3-catalyzed cascade formal [4 + 2] cyclization approach for the construction of 1,4-benzoxazines from benzoxazoles and propargylic alcohols has been developed.
A highly constrained cis-dihydride platinum complex trapped by cooperative gold/platinum dihydrogen activation
Authors: Hidalgo Nereida , de la Cruz-Martínez Felipe , Martín M. Trinidad , Nicasio M. Carmen , Campos Jesús
Published: July 2022

We have trapped a unique square planar cis-dihydride structure, of relevance for many catalytic transformations, through a bimetallic FLP-based approach.
The electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles from aqueous nanodroplets
Authors: Reyes-Morales Joshua , Moazeb Mohamed , Colón-Quintana Guillermo S. , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2022

Nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition is a reliable method for electrodepositing nanoparticles by confining a small amount of metal-salt precursor in water nanodroplets (radius ∼400 nm) suspended in an oil continuous phase.
A series of bis-pyridyl-bis-amide-modulated metal–organic frameworks: formation, transformation and selectivity for the efficient detection of multiple analytes
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Sa , Liu Yan , Liu Yu , Xiao Lin-Jiu , Cui Jia-Liang , Xiang Hong , Luan Jian , Li Wen-Ze
Published: July 2022

A series of LMOFs have been structurally characterized, which display a remarkable fluorescence behavior and can be used as outstanding candidates in the selective sensing of multiple analytes with low limits of detection.
Downward fingering accompanies upward tube growth in a chemical garden grown in a vertical confined geometry
Authors: Ding Yang , Gutiérrez-Ariza Carlos M. , Zheng Mingchuan , Felgate Amy , Lawes Anna , Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Cardoso Silvana S. S.
Published: July 2022

Chemical gardens grown from pellets in a vertical Hele–Shaw cell have been experimentally studied. A previously not reported feature of downward fingering under buoyancy has been observed.
Understanding and application of metal–support interactions in catalysts for CO-PROX
Authors: Xiang Ganghua , Huo Jia , Liu Zhigang
Published: July 2022

Metal–support interactions can be utilized as a powerful tool to improve the activity of supported metal catalysts for CO-PROX reactions.
Newly identified C–H⋯O hydrogen bond in histidine
Authors: Steinert Ryan M. , Kasireddy Chandana , Heikes Micah E. , Mitchell-Koch Katie R.
Published: July 2022

Histidine C–H bonds observed in protein structures include (clockwise from top left): myoglobin, β-lactamase, and photoactive yellow protein; calculations indicate that tautomeric/protonation state influences H-bonding ability (bottom left).
DFT–ReaxFF hybrid molecular dynamics investigation of the decomposition effects of localized high-concentration electrolyte in lithium metal batteries: LiFSI/DME/TFEO
Authors: Lu Yiming , Sun Qintao , Liu Yue , Yu Peiping , Zhang Yanyan , Lu Jiachen , Huang Haochen , Yang Hao , Cheng Tao
Published: July 2022

HAIR simulation reveals the detailed reduction mechanism of localized high-concentration electrolyte.
A powder XRD, solid state NMR and calorimetric study of the phase evolution in mechanochemically synthesized dual cation (Csx(CH3NH3)1−x)PbX3 lead halide perovskite systems
Authors: Dintakurti Sai S. H. , Walker David , Bird Tobias A. , Fang Yanan , White Tim , Hanna John V.
Published: July 2022

Mechanochemically synthesized dual cation hybrid perovskites of the form (CsxMA1−x)Pb(Cl/Br)3 (x = 0–1) exhibit complete miscibility and high structural order across each compositional range.
Discrimination of enantiomers for chiral molecules using analytically designed microwave pulses
Authors: Gong Xun , Guo Yu , Wang Chengzhi , Luo Xiaobing , Shu Chuan-Cun
Published: July 2022

We perform a theoretical exploration of quantum coherent control of enantio-selective state transfer of chiral molecules by analytically designing three linearly polarized microwave pulses with optimal amplitudes and phases.
The structuring effect of the alkyl domains on the polar network of ionic liquid mixtures: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Mazzilli Valerio , Wang Yanting , Saielli Giacomo
Published: July 2022

By using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structural and dynamic properties of mixtures of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C1C1im][Tf2N], and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C12C1im][Tf2N] (also C1and C12in short).
Spin engineering of triangulenes and application for nano nonlinear optical materials design
Authors: Yang Cui-Cui , Zheng Xue-Lian , Chen Jiu , Tian Wei Quan , Li Wei-Qi , Yang Ling
Published: July 2022

Intended introduction of B, N, NBN and BNB into the specific positions in triangulenes through spin engineering provides an effective means for electronic structure manipulation and functional materials design.
Black phosphorene/NP heterostructure as a novel anode material for Li/Na-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yanwei , Tian Wu , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Yu
Published: July 2022

This study not only investigates the outstanding properties of black P/NP heterostructures as competitive anode materials for LIBs/NIBs, but also boosts the investigation of phosphorene-based materials for practical metal-ion batteries.
Quantification of secondary electrostatic interactions in H-bonded complexes
Authors: Storer Maria Chiara , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: July 2022

Experimental studies of H-bonded complexes were used to parameterise a computational method for ab initio calculation of H-bond parameters that accurately incorporates the effects of long range secondary electrostatic interactions.
Mechanically interlocked polymers based on rotaxanes
Authors: Chen Liya , Sheng Xinru , Li Guangfeng , Huang Feihe
Published: July 2022

This review focuses on synthetic strategies, characterizations and application explorations of rotaxane-based mechanically interlocked polymers, including linear polyrotaxanes, polyrotaxane networks, and rotaxane dendrimers.
Facile self-propagated carbonization synthesis of phosphorus-doped carbon-based catalysts for partial oxidation and hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Weitao , Jiang Xulu , He Zhen-Hong , Wang Kuan , Yang Yang , Liu Zhao-Tie , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

A self-propagated carbonization method to prepare phosphorus-doped carbon materials has been developed.
Itaconic acid-based hyperbranched polymer toughened epoxy resins with rapid stress relaxation, superb solvent resistance and closed-loop recyclability
Authors: Zhang Junheng , Gong Zhangjie , Wu Cheng , Li Tingcheng , Tang Yuanyu , Wu Jingde , Jiang Can , Miao Menghe , Zhang Daohong
Published: July 2022

The development of epoxy vitrimers with excellent overall properties and recyclability has been a great challenge.
Hemiacetal-linked pH-sensitive PEG-lipids for non-viral gene delivery
Authors: Coelho Filipe , Salonen Laura M. , Silva Bruno F. B.
Published: July 2022

Cationic lipid–DNA complexes containing a novel hemiacetal PEG-lipid for endosomal escape were characterized in terms of pH-response, stability, and biological activity.
Sustainable chemistry approach for the preparation of bluish green emissive copper nanoclusters fromJusticia adhatodaleaves extract: a facile analytical approach for the sensing of myoglobin andl-thyroxine
Authors: Borse Shraddha , Jha Sanjay , Murthy Z. V. P. , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Sustainable chemistry approach for synthesis of fluorescent copper nanoclusters for sensing of myoglobin andl-thyroxine.
Investigation of n-heptane hydroisomerization over alkali-acid-treated hierarchical Pt/ZSM-22 zeolites
Authors: Guo Kai , Ma Aizeng , Wang Zijian , Li Jinzhi , Wu Bingfeng , Liu Tong , Li Dadong
Published: July 2022

Various hierarchical structures and morphologies of Pt/ZSM-22 zeolites are attempted through a post-treatment using alkali-acid to achieve better performance for n-heptane hydroisomerization.
Single Au@MnO2 nanoparticle imaging for sensitive glucose detection based on H2O2-mediated etching of the MnO2 layer
Authors: Xu Weizhen , Ouyang Min , Luo Hongmei , Xu Dong , Lin Qinlu
Published: July 2022

The glucose assay based on high-throughput single Au@MnO2 nanoparticle color imaging with the dark-field microscopy (DFM).
Correction: Modification of silica nanoparticles by 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde as new nanocomposites for efficient removal and preconcentration of Cu(ii) and Cd(ii) ions from water, blood, and fish muscles
Authors: Gad Hanem M. , El Rayes S. M. , Abdelrahman Ehab A.
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Modification of silica nanoparticles by 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde as new nanocomposites for efficient removal and preconcentration of Cu(ii) and Cd(ii) ions from water, blood, and fish muscles' by Hanem M. Gad et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 19209–19224, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA03177A.