bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOMENTUM OSCILLATORS - A TOOL TO PREDICT STOCK PRICE BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Gujrati Shishir Kumar
Published: September 2016

Stock markets are always taken as the barometer of the economy. The price movement of their indices reflects every ups and downs of the economy. Although seem to be random, these price movements do follow a certain track which can be identified using appropriate tool over long range data. One such method is of Technical Analysis wherein future price trends are forecasted using past data. Momentum Oscillators are the important tools of technical analysis. The current paper aims to identify the previous price movements of sensex by using Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) tools and also aims to check whether these tools are appropriate in forecasting the price trends or not.
SOCIAL SECURITY THROUGH MICRO-INSURANCE IN INDIA
Authors: Roy Shubhagata
Published: September 2016

Micro-insurance phenomenon is one of the most remarkable socio-economic developments of recent times. For a long time, the poor, because of their economic circumstances, were considered noninsurable and non-bankable. However, the "micro-insurance" and "micro-credit" phenomena have shown that the poor can be made insurable and creditworthy if they are organized in small groups. This clearly has deep connotations not just from a finance perspective but, more importantly, from the perspective of poverty mitigation
GLASS CEILING; A CASE OF DISCRIMINATION OR A CASE FOR DIFFERENTIATION?
Authors: Shukla Nidhi , Pandey Dr.Mrinalini
Published: September 2016

Glass ceiling in its universally accepted definition reinforces discriminative perceptions that govern all and related research on gender issues. It is an invisible and an intangible barrier acting as the upper limit for advancement that keeps minorities and women from reaching beyond. Gender concepts have evolved from biological, psychological, social and economic analyses of the issues and their being understood to have been an outcome of each of such analysis. Sex and Gender have equally been researched and identified as components of social conditioning. With such stratified and varied treatment of gender issues, discrimination that is the reason behind the existence of glass ceiling seems to be the outcome of differentiation having gone wrong. Differentiation is a positive economic treatment of unique characteristics. The present paper is an attempt to develop a positive treatment of differentiation through a comprehensive analysis of existing research and how such analysis could remove the glass ceiling through such positive treatment of concepts.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF KASHI GOMTI SAMYUT GRAMIN BANK : WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EASTERN U.P.
Authors: Jee Kishan , Kaushal Atishayendra
Published: September 2016

Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank is a rural bank of Eastern UP. Rural Bank is a local level banking organizations which operates in different states of India. RRBs had been constituted with a view to serve basic banking and financial services in the rural areas. It mobilizes financial resources from rural / semi-urban areas and provides loans and advances primarily to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, and rural artisans. It is also worked as variety of different functions as an agent like carrying out government operations related to disbursement of wages of MGNREGA workers, distribution of pensions, locker facilities, debit and credit cards facilities etc. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It covers 243,290 square kilometers (93,933 sq mi), equal to 6.88% of the total areas of India, and is the fourth largest Indian state by area and the third largest Indian state by economy, with a GDP of ?9,763 billion (US$150 billion). Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state's economy. More than 60 percent population's livelihood is based on agriculture. Due to non availibity of banking facilities, they could not maintain qualities and quantities of food grains production; adaptation of new technology and also compensation of natural calamities losses. KGSG bank established in UP's main rural bank to solve the problems of rural. This study has been attempted an appraisal of the performance of KGSG bank in esteem of Period-wise Deposit and Advance Growth, Analysis of Income, Analysis of Expenditure and Analysis of Profitability etc.
Medytacja alegoryczna na przykładzie Fascykułu nabożeństwa różnego Adama Opatowiusza
Authors: Godawa Marcin
Published: September 2016

This article undertakes the issues of applying the allegorical method of withdrawing meanings from the biblical text during the meditation. It bases on The Fasciculus of various prayer (Fascykuł nabożeństwa różnego) by Adam Opatowiusz (1574–1647). The author used the ways of rhetorical allegorization and biblical theory of senses in order to realize the persuasive aims of prayer comprehended as means of spiritual growth. The rhetorical allegorization includes the relation between biblical senses and human experience, which results in four kinds of allegory: the biblical-biblical, biblical-experimental, experimental-biblical and experimental-experimental allegory. It helps in explaining, developing and referring the biblical meanings to spiritual life being also a pivot of reflection whereas the literary elements are subordinated to the spiritual matter.
Katecheza przedchrzcielna i mistagogiczna w Hipponie w czasach św. Augustyna
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: September 2016

St. Augustine, first as a presbyter then as a bishop of Hippo, prepared catechumens for baptism. In accordance with the practice of the Church of the time, this preparation took place during Lent. The proper preparation started more or less two weeks before the Easter Vigil. The most important elements of that preparation were so-called “traditio” and “redditio” of the Symbol and of the Lord’s Prayer. Catechumens had to learn these prayers by heart.The mystagogical catechesis started on Easter Sunday. In Hippo, if one can believe preserved texts, a Bishop gave only one sermon on the mystery of the baptism and one on the Eucharist. The other sermons during Easter Week were devoted to an interpretation of the Gospels saying about the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Wychowanie w rodzinie do słuchania słowa Bożego
Authors: Sławiński Henryk
Published: September 2016

The article deals with the issue of children being encouraged to listen to the word of God under parental guidance. The case of Samuel described in the Book of Samuel (1 Sm 3, 4–5. 8–10) shows that preparing children to listen to the word of God is possible and needed. God may talk to people directly in their consciousness, but this is by extraordinary means. God chooses the mediation of people as a regular way of communicating with the human beings. It is the parents who play the most important role in the process of preparing the child to listen to the word of God. In general, the aim of this is to strengthen their integral faith, i.e. the faith influencing daily life. There are also some particular aims discussed in the article, followed by some methods of helping pupils to develop their skill to give heed to the word of God, and the rules which should be respected in the discussed process. As the end of the article the case of Antonietta Meo is being presented as the fruit of good religious upbringing towards the listening to the words of God.
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean : Regulated by ncRNA
Authors: JESHIMA KHAN YASIN , Tyagi HUSNARA , Singh Anil kumar , Magadum Santosh kumar.
Published: September 2016

Plants respond through a cascade of reactions resulting in varied cellular environment leading to alterations in the patterns of protein expression resulting in phonotypic changes. Single cell genomics and global proteomics came out to be powerful tools and efficient techniques in studying stress tolerant plants. Non-coding RNAs are a distinct class of regulatory RNAs in plants and animals that control a variety of biological processes. Small ncRNAs play a vital role in post transcriptional gene regulation by either translational repression or by inducing mRNA cleavage. The major classes of small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which differ in their biogenesis. miRNAs control the expression of cognate target genes by binding to complementary sequences, resulting in cleavage or translational inhibition of the target RNAs. siRNAs too have a similar structure, function, and biogenesis like miRNAs but are derived from long double-stranded RNAs and can often direct DNA methylation at target sequences.In this review, we focus on the involvement of ncRNAs in comabting abiotic stresses of soybean. This review emphasis on previously known miRNAs as they play important role in several abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, chilling and heat stress by their diverse roles in mediating biological processes like gene expression, chromatin formation, defense of genome against invading viruses. This review attempts to elucidate the various kinds of non-coding RNAs explored, their discovery, biogenesis, functions, and response for different type of abiotic stresses and future aspects for crop improvement in the context of soybean, a representative grain legume.
Determination of Critical Period of W eed Control in Kala Zeera ( Buniumpersicum bios ) in Gurez V alley of Kashmir
Authors: SINGH PARMEET , SINGH LAL , SINGH PURSHOTAM , RATHER M A , KAUR SATINDER , KANTH R H , SINGH GURDEEP
Published: September 2016

Critical P eriod of W eed Control (CPWC) is the period in crop growth cycle during which w eeds must be controlled to prev ent unacceptable yield losses.T w o sets of treatments w ere imposed to represent both increasing duration of w eed interference and the length of the w eed-free period measured after germination. The first set of treatments consists of increasing duration of w eed interference by delaying w eed control from the time of crop emergence up to predetermined w eek (w eedy up to 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 w eeks after germination (W AG) of Kala Zeera ) . The second set of treatments established six lev els of increasing length of the w eed-free period (w eed free upto 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 W AG). Besides tw o controls (W eed free and w eedy check). These comprised of 14 treatments which w ere laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. It w as rev ealed that v ariation in Kala zeera seed yield due to w eeds is upto 88% and yield gets reduced as low as 48 % in w eedy check plots. Early w eed competition does not hav e hav e profound influence in Kala zeera crop.According to av erage data of tw o y ears inv estigation, it w as concluded that W eeds emerging betw een 6-12 W AG appear to be most detrimental to Kala zeera growth and yield and hence qualifies critical stage for w eed competition.
Growth and Mineral Nutrition in Salt Stressed Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv . Allahabad Safeda
Authors: SINGH ANSHUMAN , KUMAR ASHWANI , YADAV R.K. , DUTTA ASHIM , SHARMA D.K.
Published: September 2016

Guav a cv . Allahabad Safeda w as grown in saline soils and irrigated with the best av ailable w ater -1 -1 + -1 (EC 2.8 dS m ). Based on chemical composition (pH- 7.1, EC - 2.8 dS m , Na - 20.04 meq l and IW IW sodium adsorption ratio- 4.86), irrigation w ater w as categorized as marginally saline. The soil pH 2 -1 w as mostly below 8.5 but mean electrical conductivity (EC ) v alues ranged from 0.5-2 dS m 2 indicating moderate to high salinity in the experimental soil. After one-y ear of experimentation, fiv e plants randomly selected from each treatment and the data w ere recorded. Plant height -1 -1 significantly increased (LSD 5%) with increase in salinity from 0.5 dS m to 1.4 dS m . A similar -1 trend w as noted with respect to stem girth. The av erage plant height at 0.5, 0.9 and 1.4 dS m salinity lev els w as 98.3 cm, 108.3 cm and 123 cm, respectiv ely whereas the corresponding stem girth v alues -1 w ere 2.24 cm, 2.28 cm and 2.46 cm. At 2 dS m salinity ,how ev er , both av erage plant height (94.6 cm) and stem girth (2.24 cm) significantly decreased and w ere found to be comparable to control (0.5 dS -1 + -1 m ) v alues. Plants show ed negligible Na accumulation in leav es up to 1.4 dS m salinity , but -1 + exposure to elev ated salinity (2 dS m ) significantly increased leaf Na (0.16% DW). These data -1 indicated a salinity tolerance (EC )threshold of about 1.5 dS m inguav a cultiv ar Allahabad Safeda.
Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merenptah? A Fresh Look at Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief 21687
Authors: van der Veen Peter , Theis Christoffer , Görg Manfred
Published: September 2016

In 2001, Manfred Görg published a new reading of a fragmentary name ring on a topographical pedestal relief in the Berlin Museum (no. 21687). Although the inscription had previously been listed in topographical studies, the reading of the fragmentary third name ring had not received adequate attention. Görg suggested reading the broken name as an archaic form for “Israel” and argued that it could have been copied during the Nineteenth Dynasty from an earlier list. As his publication was in German, his proposal has so far been unavailable to a wider English-speaking readership. Two scholars, Bryant Wood and James Hoffmeier, have brieﬂy discussed Görg’s proposal; while the former welcomed it, the latter rejected it on linguistic grounds. The present authors republish the relief fragment here in English and include new evidence that appears to support Görg’s original reading.
Sailing the Great Green Sea? Amenhotep III’s “Aegean List” from Kom el-Hetan, Once More
Authors: Cline Eric H. , Stannish Steven M.
Published: September 2016

Amenhotep III’s “Aegean List,” found on a statue base at his mortuary temple at Kom el-Hetan nearly fifty years ago, is critical for the study of Egypto-Aegean relations during the Late Bronze Age. This article reconsiders the Aegean List’s toponyms and possible function in light of recent archaeological discoveries made at the site as well as the publication of a recently updated version of Elmar Edel’s classic volume on the subject. Among the most important insights in the latter study is the realization that three of the Aegean List’s names were recarved at some point. This article weighs the possibility that the inscription reflects the itinerary of an Egyptian expedition to the Aegean region and raises questions about its proper interpretation.
The Campaign of Ramesses III against Philistia
Authors: Kahn Dan'el
Published: September 2016

In this article I propose that Ramesses III campaigned in his eighth regnal year against the Philistines on the Northern borders of Canaan and prevented them from invading Egyptian controlled territory. Ramesses was victorious in a pitched battle, routed the Philistines to their home and destroyed their kingdom. This kingdom, named “the Land of Palestine”, was possibly located in the Amuq plain in Southern Turkey, in the territory of the former Kingdom of Alalakh.
A Long Walk in the Desert: A Study of the Roman Hydreumata along the Trade Routes between the Red Sea and the Nile
Authors: Scott Christina
Published: September 2016

The routes through the Eastern Desert of Egypt were critical during the Roman Empire for the distribution of trade goods from the east; the roads that led from the ports of Myos Hormos and Berenike to the Nile emporium of Koptos were especially well travelled by caravans carrying valuable imports and exports. Along both of these roads watering stations, hydreumata, provided protection and respite for travelers. An examination of these stations, taken from archaeological evidence and written sources, provides insight into an additional function of the route from Myos Hormos to Koptos that the Berenike route did not fulfill—namely, that it acted as an internal limes within the desert that was meant to deter bandits and marauders from causing civil unrest. A successful show of force such as this was an effective way for the Empire to protect its revenue stream in a potentially unstable province.
Egyptian Ideas, Minoan Rituals: Evidence of the Interconnections between Crete and Egypt in the Bronze Age on the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus
Authors: Martino Paula L.
Published: September 2016

The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus, a painted limestone larnax, has been an enigma in the Minoan artistic canon since the time of its discovery in 1903. It is the only larnax found to date made of limestone, and the only one to contain a series of narrative scenes of Minoan funerary rituals. Conversely, most contemporaneous Aegean larnake are decorated with randomly arranged abstract designs and figures. The late twentieth century re-excavations at the site of its discovery have, at last, allowed scholars to assign a tentative date (1370-1320 BC) to the sarcophagus. This period coincides with the late Eighteenth Dynasty in Egypt, a time when interconnections between Crete and Egypt were extensive. This development now permits a reexamination of the artistic and technical elements on the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus that seem closely related to the Egyptian techniques used to decorate temples and tombs since the third millennium BC.
Late Bronze Age Cornelian and Red Jasper Scarabs with Cross Designs. Egyptian, Levantine or Minoan?
Authors: Boschloos Vanessa
Published: September 2016

This contribution reassesses the date and origin of a particular group of cornelian and red jasper scarabs, displaying line designs such as crosses and stars on their bases. The numbers that surfaced in the southern Levant and the Aegean have led scholars to attribute them to Ramesside Egyptian, Late Bronze Age IIB/III Palestinian, or even Middle Minoan II workshops. An assessment of the Egyptian finds, however, remained wanting. This article presents an overview of all provenanced artifacts and argues that the recorded quantities and, more importantly, their archaeological context and distribution pattern throughout Egypt, the Levant and the Aegean indicate an Egyptian origin and 18th Dynasty date for these scarabs with geometric designs.
An Approach to the Commercial Production of Highly Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Beyeler Andreas , Wilhelm Roland , Brodbeck Bernd
Published: September 2016

To meet the requirements for production of highly active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) new approaches and technical solutions are required. Prior to the design and construction of a new multipurpose manufacturing facility, a process study was performed to clarify the future needs.
During the planning phase, concepts were defined and elaborated to meet production, cleaning, health and safety standards. The ideas were taken into account and a small-scale manufacturing facility was designed and realized accordingly.
Lonza Error Prevention System (EPS) – Changing Human Performance in Pharmaceutical Operations
Authors: Bodmann Kerstin , Reinhard Constanze , Mödler Michael , Tinson Kevin , Johnson Mark
Published: September 2016

Errors are a part of life. With human errors accounting for approximately 50% of quality incidents and related problems within the pharmaceutical industry, the need to improve human performance in manufacturing operations is obvious. The purpose of this article is to describe error-proofing
ways of structuring and writing knowledge documents, procedures, batch records, as well as practices for structuring, conducting, and documenting training to assure competence. These practices are recommended for adoption to shift the current 'training for compliance' paradigm to a 'training
for competence' paradigm. It will also be demonstrated that a training for competence focus achieves GMP compliance. Results at Lonza have been encouraging, with human error-related quality deviations and non-conformities reduced by more than 40% across 13 sites globally within the first two
years of the implementation of its Error Prevention System.
Manufacturing Execution Systems: Examples of Performance Indicator and Operational Robustness Tools
Authors: Gendre Yannick , Waridel Gérard , Guyon Myrtille , Demuth Jean-François , Guelpa Hervé , Humbert Thierry
Published: September 2016

Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) are computerized systems used to measure production performance in terms of productivity, yield, and quality. In the first part, performance indicator and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), process robustness tools and statistical process control
are described. The second part details some tools to help process robustness and control by operators by preventing deviations from target control charts. MES was developed by Syngenta together with CIMO for automation.
Comprehensive Analysis Competence and Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Chemical Production
Authors: Appel Joerg , Colombo Corrado , Dätwyler Urs , Chen Yun , Kerimoglu Nimet
Published: September 2016

Humanity currently sees itself facing enormous economic, ecological, and social challenges. Sustainable products and production in specialty chemistry are an important strategic element to address these megatrends. In addition to that, digitalization and global connectivity will create
new opportunities for the industry. One aspect is examined in this paper, which shows the development of comprehensive analysis of production networks for a more sustainable production in which the need for innovative solutions arises. Examples from data analysis, advanced process control
and automated performance monitoring are shown. These efforts have significant impact on improved yields, reduced energy and water consumption, and better product performance in the application of the products.
Thematic Platform in vitro Diagnostics Technological Progress with a Powerful Network
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: September 2016

In vitro diagnostics (IVD) has huge potential. Primary drivers in the global market are the patient's awareness of infectious diseases, the introduction of advanced molecular and tissue diagnostic tests for patient-stratified and targeted anti-cancer therapy and, last but not
least, the growing geriatric population. Rapid progress in device miniaturization and information technology (IT) offers new possibilities in decentralized testing. Grand View Research Inc. expects the global market for IVD to reach US $ 74.3 billion by 2020. Hence the launch in 2015
by the NTN Swiss Biotech – together with the driving forces of Biotechnet Switzerland – of the 'Thematic Platform in vitro Diagnostics'.
To Be or Not to Be EL
Authors: Umansky Ilana M.
Published: September 2016

Across the United States, students who are deemed not to be proficient in English are classified as English learners (ELs). This classification entitles students to specialized services but may also result in stigmatization and barriers to educational opportunity. This article uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effect of EL classification in kindergarten on students’ academic trajectories. Furthermore, it explores whether the effect of EL classification differs for students in English immersion versus bilingual programs. I find that among language-minority students who enter kindergarten with relatively advanced English proficiency, EL classification results in a substantial negative net impact on math and English language arts test scores in Grades 2 through 10. This effect, however, is concentrated in English immersion classrooms.
Causes and consequences of the November 2014 torrential rains in the center & south of Morocco
Authors: Roman Abdellatif , Ait Hssaine Ali
Published: September 2016

In November 2014, the central and southern Morocco have experienced extreme rainfall reached 287 mm and exceeded 240 mm on the last ten days of that same month .In Agadir city the annual average precipitations is 236 mm. Through reading and analysis of a long chain of Agadir station climate data (100 years), it becomes clear that the exceptional rainfall, which resulted in catastrophic damage with colossal human as well as material losses, is by no means an isolated case. In fact, the region had experienced similar or greater amounts of rainfall before. If Agadir was not significantly damaged by the floods on 28 November 2014, compared to the nearby towns such as Ait Melloul, Tiznit and Sidi Ifni, it is because of the preventive measures taken to protect the city against such hazards, especially after the floods that the city of Agadir witnessed in December 2010. In this respect, we should especially mention the planning of drainage basins facing the city by building hilly dams and water disposal canals.International Journal of Environment Vol.5(3) 2016, pp.11-30
Fly ash effect on hatching, mortality and penetration of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in pumpkin roots
Authors: Ahmad Gufran , Khan Abrar Ahmad
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted to observe the effect of fly ash on hatching, mortality and penetration of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in pumpkin roots. For hatching experiment different fly ash-extract concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) were prepared. Hatching was significantly reduced in all concentrations, maximum being at 50% concentration. The mortality (%) of juveniles was observed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7th days with different levels (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 %) of fly ash-extract. All the levels were found harmful to juveniles. As the level was increased, the killing percentage of juveniles was also increased. Highest mortality was observed in 7th day with 50% level.For the penetration experiment, fly ash was mixed with soil to prepare different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Seeds of pumpkin were grown in coffee cups filled with different mixtures. At two leaf stage, seedlings were inoculated with 2000 larvae. The penetrated larvae in roots were observed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. Root penetration was found inversely proportional to concentration. Significant results in the suppression of nematode penetration were noted up to 40% concentration. However, none of the juveniles was penetrated at 50% concentration.International Journal of Environment Vol.5(3) 2016, pp.66-73
Genotype – environment interaction study in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Al Jbawi Entessar , Al Raei Ahmad Fahd , Al Ali Ahmad , Al Zubi Hussain
Published: September 2016

The research was carried out to study the response of 16 cultivars of sugar beet in 3 seasons at one major sugar beet producing location, Hama, in Syria in autumn time, and assess genotype by environment interaction, and to estimate the stability of the varieties performance, according to the yield stability statistics (Ysi), for the studied traits of these varieties. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Data collected from each experiment were subjected to simple analysis of variance and after homogenization of error variance, combined analysis for four traits including Sucrose content (SC %), Purity (P %), Root yield (RY ton.ha-1), and Sugar yield (SY ton.ha-1) were carried out. Combined analysis of variance over years, exhibited significant differences (P≤0.05) among the varieties. Results of yield stability statistics (Ysi) revealed that five of the monogerm sugar beet varieties (Vico, Dita, Al Ceste, Chimene, and SR305) were stable for all of the studied traits, during three seasons, which is recommended to be planted in autumn time.International Journal of Environment Vol.5(3) 2016, pp.74-86
Microvessel density in Prostatic Lesions : Relevance to prognosis
Authors: Upadhyaya P , Agarwal CS , Karak AK , Sinha AK , Karki S , Dhakal S , Khadka D
Published: September 2016

Background:  Angiogenesis is required for growth and metastasis of tumor tissue. Quantization of angiogenesis by calculating the microvessel density can be done in histopathology specimens with the help of immunochemistry. In this study we used anti CD 34 antibody to highlight the endothelial cells and thus calculate microvessel density. Most studies have shown a positive correlation of microvessel density with increasing pathological grade and have also shown microvessel density as an independent predictor of cancer progression and survival. The present study was to find out the microvessel density in benign and malignant lesions of prostate and also to correlate the vascularity with increasing grade of cancer.Materials and methods:  Sixty five prostatic biopsies were evaluated for microvessel density using CD34 monoclonal antibody. Comparison was done between BPH and Carcinoma Prostate. MVD was correlated with Gleason’s score, weight of specimen and increasing age of patient. Effect of prostatitis on Microvessel density was studied.Results: Microvessel density was significantly higher in carcinoma prostate than in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. There was positive correlation of Microvessel density with increasing Gleason’s score. Microvessel was significantly increased in patients having symptoms for more than a year and also with biopsies revealing prostatitis. However, there was no significant correlation between Microvessel density and weight of specimen or increasing age.Conclusion: Since Microvessel density was found to be significantly higher in Prostatic Carcinoma and it showed positive correlation with Gleason’s score it can be added as one of the indicators for predicting the disease outcome.
Histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsies in dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: Nepal N , Chaudhary PK , Mainali N
Published: September 2016

Background: It is estimated that 9-30% of women of reproductive age suffer from menorrhagia. Because most cases are associated with anovulatory menstrual cycles, adolescent and perimenopausal women are particularly vulnerable to this particular condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsy from patients presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study done in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal for a period of three years from June 2012 to June 2015. All the patients presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and who underwent endometrial biopsy were included in this study. Distribution of various histopathological patterns was observed in the different age groups.Results: A total of 300 cases were included in my study. The commonest pattern in these patients was proliferative endometrium 61 (%). The commonest pathology was simple cystic hyperplasia (13.3%). Other patterns identified were secretory endometrium, chronic endometritis and pill endometrium. Malignant lesion comprised of 8 (2.7%) of patients and the majority was in >50 years followed by in between 41-50 years of age. Atrophic endometrium was the commonest finding in post menopausal bleeding, comprising of 11 cases (3.6%), followed by endometrial carcinoma of 8 cases (2.7%).Conclusion: As observed from the study, there is an age specific association of endometrial bleeding, with highest incidence in perimenopausal age group. Hence, dilatation and curettage is helpful for diagnosis, to assess therapeutic response and to know the pathological incidence of organic lesions in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
A clinico-histopathological study on skin appendageal tumors
Authors: Paudyal P , Agrawal M , Pradhan A , Sinha AK , Agrawal S
Published: September 2016

Background: Skin Appendageal tumors are a large and diverse group of tumors that are commonly classified according to their state of appendageal differentiation: follicular, sebaceous, eccrine and apocrine. Objectives of this study were to study the clinic-epidemiological profile of skin appendageal tumors and to correlate the clinico-histopathological diagnosis.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study which included all cases of skin adnexal tumours diagnosed histologically during the period of f
Histopathological evaluation of carcinoma of breast
Authors: Pathak R , Jha A , Neupane PR , Chalise S , Basnyat AS
Published: September 2016

Background: Carcinoma of breast has become the major public health problem among females in developing as well as developed countries. InNepal it comprises 6% of total cancers cases and often diagnosed at advanced stage. Surgical removal or modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is the most commonly used tools for disease management. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical, macroscopic and microscopic features of MRM specimens.Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Macroscopic and microscopic examination provided the tumor size, stage, grade, lymph node status, lympho-vascular invasion and perineural invasion. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 16.Results: The study comprised 112 breast cancer patients of which 109 (97.3%) were females and 3 (2.7%) were males. Invasive ductal carcinoma no specific type was the most common type of breast carcinoma. (84 cases) accounting 75% of total cases. Carcinoma with medullary features was second most common (6 cases) comprising 5.4% cases followed by lobular, papillary, apocrine, mucinious and NST mixed types. Grade II tumors were most frequent grade observed in 76.79% cases followed by Grade I (12.50%) and Grade III (10.71%).Conclusion: As a conclusion invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type breast cancer and the tumors were found at T2 and N3 stage i.e maximum at grade II. Our study provides prognostic significance of histo-pathological information in breast cancer management.
Clinicopathological correlation of endometrial, myometrial and ovarian pathologies with secondary changes in leiomyoma
Authors: Dayal S , Nagrath A
Published: September 2016

Background: Leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine neoplasm in women of reproductive age group. Uterine leiomyoma are steroid dependent tumors. Leiomyomas are diagnosed by the clinical examination, ultra sound and histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimens. The aim of this study was to know the clinical symptoms and to diagnose endometrial, ovarian, and other associated coexisting pathologies with leiomyoma and their correlation with leiomyoma.Materials and Methods: Present study was conducted on hysterectomy specimens between January 2008 to 31 December 2015 in the Pathology Department of Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India. Specimens were grossly examined, sectioned and hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied. Slides were reviewed by pathologist and diagnosis was made.Results: A total of 437 patients were included. The common age group of patients with leiomyoma was 31-40 (42.10 %). Menorrhagia (60.86 %) was the prime clinical symptom. Among endometrial pathologies and changes, proliferative phase was maximum ( 48.51 %)  and endometrial hyperplasia was ( 5.03%) . Proliferative phase was seen more with degenerative changes (42.1%) and hyaline degenerative was frequent (15.33 %). Adenomyosis was also seen (15.10 %). The common pathologies in ovary were simple serous cyst (6.40 %).CONCLUSION – Leiomyoma uteri is a myometrial pathology presenting with clinical symptom of menorrhagia. Proliferative phase, endometrial hyperplasia were common endometrial changes and pathology. Adenomyosis was also common. Chocolate cyst in ovary was also seen which all shows a strong association of hyperestrogenic state being responsible for leiomyoma and all associated pathologies.
Adenomyoepithelioma of breast
Authors: Sharma N , Manandhar U , Sayami G
Published: September 2016

Adenomyoepithelioma of breast is a rare, benign proliferative tumor formed of proliferationof myoepithelial cells surrounding small epithelium lined spaces. We present two cases ofadenomyoepithelioma of the breast. The irst case was of a 23-years-old female with right breast lump and the second of a 41-year-old female with left breast lump. No patient had prior, coexistent carcinoma of either breast. None had any family history of breast cancer either. Excisional biopsy, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with S100 were performed. The pathological diagnosis was adenomyoepithelioma.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma in trachea: A rare presentation
Authors: Pandey G , Thakur B , Devkota M
Published: September 2016

Primary tracheal tumors are rare. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea is even rarer. It occurs as a polypoidal mass in trachea presenting with dyspnea and respiratory distress due to tracheobronchial obstruction. We report a case of young male presenting with dyspnea for some time. CT scan revealed mass in trachea obliterating its lumen. Histopathological examination conirmed the diagnosis.
Fungal partner shifts during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in Neottia
Authors: Yagame Takahiro , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki , Kinoshita Akihiko , Iwase Koji , Yukawa Tomohisa
Published: September 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Few previous studies have examined how mycobionts change during the evolution from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy based on phylogenetic hypotheses. Neottia (Orchidaceae) comprises leafy species that are autotrophic and related leafless mycoheterotrophic species, and the phylogenetic relationships among them have been clarified. Accordingly, Neottia is a suitable taxon for investigating the question above. Here we clarified the diversity of mycobionts in Neottia plants and elucidated changes in the character of symbiotic associations during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.

METHODS:

We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA for mycobionts of Neottia plants. Furthermore, we selected one representative DNA sample from each fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and used it to amplify the large subunit (LSU) nrDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of Sebacinales (basidiomycetes), the dominant mycobiont of Neottia, were conducted and sample‐based rarefaction curves generated for the observed mycobiont richness on each OTU.

KEY RESULTS:

Leafy and leafless species in Neottia were associated with Sebacinales Group B and Sebacinales Group A, respectively. The composition and specificity level of fungal partners varied among Neottia species.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fungal partner composition and specificity level changed with speciation in both leafy and leafless Neottia species. In particular, mycorrhizal associations likely shifted from Sebacinales Group B to Group A during the evolution from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy. Partner shifts to Sebacinales Group A have also been reported in the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of other plant groups, suggesting that convergence to this fungal group occurs in association with the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.
Calpain Activity Is Essential for ATP-Driven Unconventional Vesicle-Mediated Protein Secretion and Inflammasome Activation in Human Macrophages
Authors: Välimäki Elina , Cypryk Wojciech , Virkanen Juhani , Nurmi Katariina , Turunen Pauli M. , Eklund Kari K. , Åkerman Karl E. , Nyman Tuula A. , Matikainen Sampsa
Published: September 2016

Extracellular ATP is an endogenous danger signal that is known to activate inflammatory responses in innate immune cells, including macrophages. Activated macrophages start to secrete proteins to induce an immune response, as well as to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and tissue damage. In this study, we characterized the secretome (i.e., the global pattern of secreted proteins) of ATP-stimulated human macrophages. We show that ATP stimulation activates robust vesicle-mediated unconventional protein secretion, including exosome release and membrane shedding, from human macrophages. Pathway analysis of the identified secreted proteins showed that calpain-related pathways were overrepresented in the secretome of ATP-stimulated cells. In accordance with this, calpains, which are calcium-dependent nonlysosomal cysteine proteases, were activated upon ATP stimulation through a P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor–dependent pathway. Functional studies demonstrated that calpain activity is essential for the P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor–mediated activation of unconventional protein secretion. Unconventional protein secretion was followed by cell necrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated secretion of the mature form of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, ATP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also dependent on calpain activity. Interestingly, pro–IL-1β and inflammasome components ASC and caspase-1 were released by ATP-activated macrophages through a vesicle-mediated secretion pathway. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we provide the first global characterization of proteins secreted by ATP-activated human macrophages and show a pivotal role for calpains in the activation of the inflammatory response during ATP exposure.
FACIN, a Double-Edged Sword of the Emerging Periodontal Pathogen Filifactor alocis: A Metabolic Enzyme Moonlighting as a Complement Inhibitor
Authors: Jusko Monika , Miedziak Beata , Ermert David , Magda Michal , King Ben C. , Bielecka Ewa , Riesbeck Kristian , Eick Sigrun , Potempa Jan , Blom Anna M.
Published: September 2016

Periodontal disease is one of the most common inflammatory infectious diseases worldwide and it is associated with other syndromes, such as cardiovascular disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Recent advances in sequencing allowed for identification of novel periodontopathogens such as Gram-positive Filifactor alocis, but its virulence mechanisms remain largely unknown. We confirmed that F. alocis is a prevalent species in periodontitis patients, and we also observed strong correlation of this bacterium with clinical parameters, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Further, we found that preincubation of human serum with F. alocis resulted in abolished bactericidal activity and that F. alocis was surviving readily in full blood. We demonstrated that one of the key contributors to F. alocis complement resistance is a unique protein, FACIN (F. alocis complement inhibitor), which binds to C3, resulting in suppression of all complement pathways. Interestingly, FACIN is a nonclassical cell surface protein, a cytosolic enzyme acetylornithine transaminase, for which we now identified a moonlighting function. FACIN binds to C3 alone, but more importantly it also captures activated complement factor 3 within the complex with factor B, thereby locking in the convertase in an inactive state. Because of the indispensable role of alternative pathway convertase in amplifying complement cascades, its inhibition by FACIN results in a very potent downregulation of activated complement factor 3 opsonization on the pathogen surface, accompanied by reduction of downstream C5 cleavage.
A Paisagem Cultural: multiplicidade interpretativa e políticas de preservação
Authors: Afeche Pimenta Margareth
Published: September 2016

ResumoEnquanto privilegiam ambientes tradicionais em nível mundial, no Brasil as interpretações acerca das paisagens culturais são variadas e, se por um lado, enriquecem o debate sobre os bens a serem valorizados, deixam escapar sem proteção setores socialmente fragilizados, mas ricos culturalmente, que deveriam ser foco de políticas de preservação específicas. Para além dos bens materiais, a paisagem cultural coloca novas questões que talvez possam ser precisadas a partir das diversas significações que o termo cultura foi adquirindo ao longo de sua história, não somente para direcionar as práticas de preservação, mas também para inseri-las numa visão maior de projeto societário.Palavras-chave: paisagem cultural; cultura; patrimônio AbstractWhile favoring traditional environments in the world, in Brazil the interpretations about the cultural landscapes are varied and If on the one hand enrich the debate on the goods to be valued, they let it slip away without protection sectors socially weakened, but culturally rich, that should be the focus of specific preservation policies. Apart from material goods, the cultural landscape puts new issues that maybe can be specified from the various meanings to the term culture was acquired throughout its history, not only to direct preservation practices, but also to insert them into a larger vision of society project.Keywords: cultural landscape; culture; heritage ResumenAl mismo tiempo que favorecen ambientes tradicionales en todo el mundo, en Brasil son muy variadas las interpretaciones sobre los paisajes culturales y, si por un lado, enriquecen el debate sobre los bienes a ser valorados, dejan escapar sin protección sectores socialmente debilitados, pero culturalmente ricos, que deberían ser el foco de políticas específicas de conservación. Además de los bienes materiales, el paisaje cultural pone nuevos temas que tal vez pueden ser especificados por los diversos significados que el término cultura fue adquiriendo a lo largo de su historia, no sólo para dirigir las prácticas de conservación, pero también para insertarlas en una visión más amplia de uno proyecto de sociedad.Palabras-clave: paisaje cultural; cultura; patrimonio
Are They Using the Data? Teacher Perceptions of, Practices with, and Preparation to Use Assessment Data
Authors: Nadelson Louis S. , Throndsen Jennifer , Eric Campbell J. , Arp Melanie , Durfee Melanie , Dupree Kami , Poll Tyler , Schoepf Sydnie
Published: September 2016

Teacher instructional and curricular choices should be informed by student level assessment
data; however, there is a dearth of empirical research documenting teachers’ perceptions, uses,
and preparation to use assessment data. To address this gap in understanding, we surveyed
teachers working in two public school districts in the western United States, resulting in a
sample consisting of 52 K-12 teachers. Our results revealed a number of relationships between
engaging in professional development, uses of assessment data, and perceptions of the value of
the data. We found a number of anticipated relationships, including that teachers who are more
comfortable using assessment data in their practice tend to feel less overwhelmed with using
assessment data. We also found several paradoxical relationships such as the more teachers
engage in professional learning communities the less they create and use common assessments.
Our research has a number of important implications for structuring teacher professional
development in ways that enhance effective use of assessment data by educators to inform their
practice. Our findings also provide a foundation for a deeper examination of teacher
perceptions of, uses of, and preparation to use assessment data.
Millennials’ Expectations of Life at the University and the Workplace: A Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Raslie Humaira , Pit Salina , Ting Su-Hie
Published: September 2016

This study examined the millennial’s expectations of life at the university and the workplace.
Questionnaire data were obtained from 142 students aged 20 to 24 in a Malaysian public
university from different disciplines. The results showed that most of the participants were
highly feedback oriented and expected instant face-to-face feedback from their lecturers,
particularly when in emails. They relied on lecture notes to understand the lectures, but would
also look for supplementary reading materials. They expected lecturers to deliver interesting
lectures but would attend boring lectures to comply with lecture attendance rules. The results
also suggest that many participants would not sacrifice their personal time to meet either
assignment or work deadlines because they expected deadline extensions. Although the
participants preferred positive comments, they also expected to be reprimanded for
unsatisfactory work performance. They also expected a fair amount of individual work
compared to group work at the workplace. The findings suggest that the participants
generally had realistic expectations of university and work life.