bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is a metonymy always a metonymy? A speculation on taxonomical aspects of propositional metonymy and situational metonymy
Authors: Golovko Nikolay
Published: October 2019

Research efforts in cognitive linguistics are frequently focused on the notion of metaphor, while the notion of metonymy, as well as its taxonomical aspects, is not always thoroughly researched. A study of the most recent research papers in the English language has shown that metonymy is often interpreted in a broad fashion, incorporating several different types of cognitive processes and phenomena, so that a scholar becomes unable to distinguish them from each other and \ or is essentially forced to regard them as manifestations of the same phenomenon. A more taxonomically accurate approach is suggested, involving the use of the term “synecdoche” for affinity-related concept shifts and including a review of two subclasses of metonymy that have not yet received a considerable amount of attention – propositional metonymy and situational metonymy.
Phraseological units with the lexical component ‘gold/golden’ in English linguoculture
Authors: Batitskaya Victoria , Gurin Vladimir , Obletsova Elena
Published: October 2019

The presented article deals with the semantic analysis of English phraseological units with the component gold/golden. As phraseological units secure cultural attitudes and stereotypes the conducted study allows one to reveal the features in the perception of gold reflected in the English language picture of the world. 62 phraseological units were sampled from various phraseological dictionaries and subjected to the semantic analysis. A set of the main meanings of the gold/golden component was identified by the generalization method that allowed one to classify the obtained proverbs into six semantic groups ‘gold as power’, ‘gold as a cult’, ‘gold as a spiritual value’, ‘gold as a remedy’, ‘gold as the cause of all troubles’, ‘gold as devil’ and reveal their evaluative characteristic. It has been found out that there is a certain duality in the perception of gold in the English language picture of the world.
National-cultural identity and development of cultural identity of the population of Stavropol Territory
Authors: Ivashova Valentina , Dolgopolova Anna , Grudneva Alla , Zolotarev Sergey , Zolotareva Tatiana
Published: October 2019

The article considers the results of the research of the national and cultural identity of the population of the Stavropol Territory. The analysis of representations of inhabitants of the territory of the South of Russia about their national identity and the role of cultural attributes defining this identification has been carried out. The factors influencing the development of cultural identity of the population have been studied.
Applying Blended Learning Approach to Teaching English to Master's Students
Authors: Kirillova Anna , Koss Evgeniya , Usatova Inna
Published: October 2019

The article focuses on the teaching English to Master's students using blended learning approach. To meet the demand of professional standards teachers at Togliatti State University are to form foreign language communicative competence having just a few academic hours for oral communication. The suggested Project-Based Blended Learning Model is considered to be a solution to this problem. This Model consists of four basic elements: face-to-face learning, a Web 2.0 application LearningApps, MOOC Coursera and Reading Science. The way to implement the Model into educational process is shown. The paper is based on the own unique survey that yields some interesting results which prove the effectiveness of this Blended Learning Model. It gives the opportunity to create the environment for providing a learning pathway and the learning process control.
Didactic variable in Russian students’ ulterior motivation for second language learning
Authors: Melezhik Karina , Petrenko Aleksandr , Khlybova Nataliya
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the article is to identify factors characterizing interdependence between the English proficiency level and motivation in the conventionally organized Russian university English classroom where all students are treated as having similar learning profiles. It is claimed that deficiency of classroom motivation accounts for the students’ negative attitude to and low effectiveness of university English teaching. The author proposes to apply Brousseau's concept of didactical situations, environment and variables as a way of revising the content of the motivational spectrum of the English learner. An experiment for studying the impact of ulterior motivation variables on an individual English proficiency level was carried out in a group of 100 graduate students of Crimean Federal University with the aim to find out the students’ individual ulterior motives explaining variability of attitudes towards English as a subject of the curriculum. The findings of the experiment proved that the students’ motivational preferences didn’t meet motivational criteria of their teachers and curriculum. The students’ self-assessment of their English proficiency showed a significant correlation among English proficiency, individual ulterior motivation variables and individual goals connected with their plans for the future. The main conclusion is that the task of learning transnational English should be viewed as a sequence of didactical situations predetermined by a set of didactical motivation variables. To find out ulterior didactical motivation variables, the teacher should identify the student's types of potential milieu and choose a succession of appropriate didactical situations.
Methods for constructing anattribute of an extensively finite predicative, semantically fuzzy set
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Valentina , Kim Natalia , Narushevich Andrey
Published: October 2019

The article looks into the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the system that helps describe an extensively finite predicative and semantically fuzzy set. It is shown that the qualitative expression (attribute) of the set is built upon various methods of deriving the essential property that characterizes each of the elements, contributing to the semantic clarity of the entire extensive set; therefore this property is called the predicate of the whole set. It is argued that the content of the attribute is constructed in such lexical and grammatical way that the description of the properties of one element is clearly perceived as a description of the properties of many elements of the set. There are a large number of the elements, but their quality is the same. The basic techniques for constructing a system for describing an extensively finite predicative set are considered.
Personal and ethical components of the engineer in the 21st century
Authors: Potamskaya V.P. , Evstifeeva E.A. , Filippchenkova S.I.
Published: October 2019

The article studies personal components of a modern engineer who is a key figure in the Russian and global space.The vector of thinking, ethical priorities, reflective positions and identities determine the way to find a techno-humanitarian balance as a condition for the survival and prospects of mankind.A significant influence on the formation of engineer’s identities is exerted by historical and cultural traditions.Engineering culture has a connective structure that forms a single space of experience and activity.Memory and continuity are interrelated; identities can belong to any scientific school existing in the educational institution, field of knowledge, or to the Russian engineering school as a whole.The authors indicate that key concepts of identities of a modern engineer are responsibility, ethical reflection and social assessment of technology.Modern engineering ethics is reflected in ethical codes which reveal the ethical space and responsibilities of the engineer and impose responsibility for all processes taking place in a technogenic society.The practical-design approach is based on the tools of the post-non-classical methodology:key components of the engineer’s personal potential are correlated with the university self-developing environment, reflective activities at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and further engineering practice.The study on the personal potential and identities can be used to justify the need to expand the sociohumanitarian paradigm in engineering education, develop the concept “personal potential”, and identify features of engineer’s identity formation.The development of a model for training engineers using sociohumanitarian reflective methods converging personal and professional competencies and ethical priorities meets the role of engineering education, tasks of ensuring the competitiveness of Russian industry.
Image and Textual Design Strategies in Native American Literature
Authors: Erben David , Privalova Yulia , Yakovlev Alexey , Ovcharenko Victoria
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the creative ways in which a number of Native American authors offer characters and various approaches of readers to discovering "the center", which becomes a rich and diverse experience that can also reveal the writer's deep self-awareness as a storyteller. These centers, which are critical to the development of the character, image, and plot, can also determine the overall structure and concept of the story. Being the result of the self-reflectiveness of the narrators and controlling the whole narrative concept, such centers have precedents in the traditional Native systems of poetics.
Ethnocultural education in universities
Authors: Salavatova Asil
Published: October 2019

The article describes the ethnocultural content of university education.Organizational and pedagogical conditions that have a positive impact on the development of interests, inclinations and abilities, ethno-pedagogical knowledge, ideas and traditions are described
National in Form, Socialist in Content: USSR National and Language Policies in the Early Period
Authors: Shelestyuk Elena
Published: October 2019

The article traces the early Soviet national and language policies based on historical, historiographic, sociological, and sociolinguistic sources. The post-revolutionary 1917 policies in the USSR involved autonomy, federalization, linguistic diversity. The 1920s-1930s inaugurated the economic level-off of the outskirts with the center; indigenization of education and administration; development of native literatures, press, theatres; language construction; latinization. The 1930s marked strengthening of Russian (and Union-republican) languages, conceptualization of “convergence in a Soviet nation”, cyrillization. We conclude that USSR’s national and language policies reveal a pattern fluctuating from liberal (democratic self-governance of nationality territorial units, non-script languages construction, use of nationality languages, development of nationality media, cultures, literatures) to etatist (strengthening of the major nationality language, return to unifying patriotic ideology and education, civic consolidation).
Does Nothingness presume atemporality? Typical responses in modern European philosophy
Authors: Smirnova Elena , Vorobev Dmitry , Zakablukovskiy Evgeny , Spiridonov Alexey
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to Nothingness as a philosophical category. Various thinkers in different times understood it in their own specific way. In the modern age the category became incredibly important and was substantially reconsidered. The question is, can Nothingness have any (imaginary or real) temporal features? The main point of the authors is that exactly in modern European metaphysics ‘yes' appeared as an answer to the above query. Nothing got a dynamic nature; it became a base for the Being, namely, the changeable and consequently temporal base. After such notions had shown up, some philosophers and physics responded by trying to find relevant ‘proofs' and deny Nothing's existence in the Universe and even Nothingness as a mental construct.
Audio intertextuality in modern advertising text
Authors: Terskikh Marina
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the study of audio intertextuality in modern advertising discourse. Despite the researchers’ increased interest in the problem of intertextual interaction, the issue of the functioning of the intertextuality mechanism in advertising, including social advertising, is still not fully covered, especially, since the advertising field is dynamic and provides extensive new material for research every day. The author pays special attention to the functional yield of audio intertextuality in advertising. As the basic functions of audio intertextual inclusions in the discourse of commercial and social advertising, the author identifies the attractive and aesthetic functions as the most significant and regularly realized; as secondary – playful and persuasive. Russian and foreign commercials serve as the material for the study. The method of intertextual analysis is used as fundamental. It consists in establishing the relations of derivation between texts and analyzing the formal and semantic transformations of text units and the text as a whole.
Non-situational personal communication of preschool children during performance activities as a psychological condition for dialogical speech development
Authors: Tiustina Gulnara , Snegireva Tatiana , Stepanenko Anastasia
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of a study of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of dialogical speech in senior preschool children during performances. Adequacy of using non-situational-personal communication is justified. Possibilities of performance activities as conditions for the development of dialogical speech are described. The results are represented as development criteria and indicators for dialogical speech and comparison of their dynamics at the ascertaining and control stages of the experiment.
Poetic image of Kuzbass in the verses of regional authors
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry , Rabkina Nadezda , Valko Olga
Published: October 2019

This research features the phenomenon of the so-called literature of space, namely amateur and professional poetic texts that together constitute a cultural supertext devoted to the Siberian coal mining region of Kuzbass. The article employed a multifaceted approach (statistical, pragmatic, textual and temporal/spatial vision analysis) to reconstruct the image of the region in the naïve worldview. Statistical analysis identified the key words and semantic models. The cognitive analysis reveals the basic cognitive structures, while the textual analysis makes it possible to reconstruct narrative and perception. The pragmatic analysis determines the communication role model and the predominant speech acts. The study exposes extended thematic nets of geographical, natural and meteorological terms, time description, and coal mining realia. The predominating cognitive models represent Kuzbass as a territory / a living being / treasure trove / home / family, while the most significant motif for professional oeuvre is legitimizing the peripheral area as an inseparable part of the Russian domain and history. Introspection, simultaneity, and strong modality appears to be the most significant text characteristics. Thus, the image of Kuzbass proves to be a complex comprehensive multitiered phenomenon based on different linguistic units and reflecting the results of the evaluative perception and processing.
Higher education in the EU countries: comparative geographical analysis
Authors: Voronina Marina
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes indicators of higher education in the European Union: the number of higher education institutions; the number of university students; changes in the number of faculty members, age structure; higher education expenses; cost of training one student. A similar study was conducted by the author in 2006. The article provides a comparative analysis of indicators for 2001-2016. The analysis uses data from EUROSTAT which were interpreted at the cross-country level.
Economic Translation: Theoretical and Practical Issues
Authors: Zaykova Irina , Shilnikova Irina
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with theoretical and practical analysis of economic translation. It is considered from two points of view: as a process and a product of rendering. As a process it is a multistage complex act of cross-cultural bilingual communication that aims to produce the closest natural equivalent to the target text. It is also characterized by a high degree of equivalence of the source text. As a product economic translation is an equivalent of the source text which is not identical due to cultural and language differences. The study reveals the interdisciplinary character of economic translation that makes it difficult to define its status. It has different nominations (economic translation, commercial translation, etc.). The analysis shows that the term “economic translation” is wider. It is due to the fact that it functions in various areas of activity (business, economy, trade and etc.). This factor affects the source texts that are different in genres and styles. The practical part of the article is devoted to the most common mistakes specified by the classification of Andreea-Rosalia Oteanu: the reading of the English text and English lexical meaning. The authors present some examples, analyze and describe them.
Management Students’ "Soft Skills" in Foreign Language Training at Technical University
Authors: Zueva Irina
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the need for the bachelor students’ soft skills development in technical universities. The main objective of our research is the identification of the conceptual model "soft skills" opportunities in technical students training. Moreover, the demand of these skills in modern labor market is accented. The term "soft skills" is one of new tracks of the dynamically changing world. The article includes the content - analysis of the word «soft skills» providing the integrity of the term perception and its contents, applicability level in communication, and also some ways of the students' soft skills development in their foreign language practical training.
Economic assessment of the effects of pollution of land resources
Authors: Damineva Raisa , Shulaev Nicolai , Pryanichnikova Valeria , Kadyrov Ramil , Bykovsky Nicolai
Published: October 2019

The work highlights the need to use an interdisciplinary approach in the field of economics and industrial environmental management. The paper presents the current theoretical approaches to the economic assessment of damage from environmental pollution. The shortcomings of the existing methodological recommendations are noted, which consist in combining the assessment of economic damage at the micromacroeconomic levels of management, without taking into account the influence of the time factor. The need for sociological research to take into account the environmental, social and economic consequences of environmental pollution is also not considered. In this work, the basic model of economic assessment of land resources polluted by production and consumption waste is offered. The use of this model will allow leveling the shortcomings inherent in the existing methodological recommendations for assessing the economic damage from environmental pollution
Non-prototypical constructions verbalizing negative emotional-evaluative attitude and regret
Authors: Semkova Anastasia , Gorbunova Tatiana
Published: October 2019

The article deals with analysis of structural and semantic peculiar features of non-prototypical constructions Nperson hate ing-form and Nperson hate Infinitive that categorize both the regret and emotional-evaluative attitude situations. The research is made from concept to form. Firstly, models of prototypical situations of the emotional-evaluative attitude and of regret are built. The prototypical situation model enables to distinguish language means and grammatical constructions expected in speaker's verbalization of the situations and to determine prototypical constructions, categorizing these prototypical situations in the best way. Non-prototypical construction-blends are analyzed within the theory of mental spaces and conceptual integration. The basic method of the theory makes it possible to divide a situation categorized by a speaker into mental spaces and single out even the most unusual cases of categorization. Construction-blends borrow lexical and grammatical means of prototypical constructions of the regret and emotional-evaluative attitude creating a unique structure that is inequivalent to the prototypical constructions either semantically or grammatically. Analysis within the theory enables observing sematic differences between non-prototypical constructions Nperson hate ing-form and Nperson hate Infinitive and proves that all sentence members equally contribute to a sentence meaning building. It enables speaking of the holistic approach to the sentence stud
Der erste Eindruck zählt!
Authors: Friedrich Anja
Published: October 2019

Der erste Arbeitstag ist entscheidend, um neues Personal erfolgreich zu integrieren und somit langfristig an die Klinik zu binden. Denn 80 % der Mitarbeiter, die in der Probezeit kündigen, fassen diesen Entschluss bereits am ersten Tag. 1 Damit der Start in den neuen Job glückt, haben wir die wichtigsten Onboarding-Maßnahmen für Sie zusammengestellt.
Da Vinci-assistierte Prostatektomie
Authors: Weber Sarah-Kathrin
Published: October 2019

Als kurative Therapie bei einem Prostatakarzinom ist die radikale Prostatektomie oftmals das Mittel der Wahl. Sie bietet nachweislich einen Überlebensvorteil 1. Durch das da Vinci®-Operationssystem konnte die Operationstechnik zum Wohle der Patienten präzisiert werden.
ATA im OP
Authors: Scheumann Jeannine
Published: October 2019

In unserer Serie „Berufsbilder“ haben wir die 27-jährige Anästhesietechnische Assistentin (ATA) Jenny Wlecke von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover unter anderem gefragt, welche Aufgaben sie im OP erledigt, wie die Arbeitsbedingungen sind und wie sie die finanziellen und beruflichen Perspektiven der ATA einschätzt.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (–)-Bestatin, Epibestatin, Phebestin and (3S,4R)-4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic Acid from an Aldehyde Derived from d-Phenylalanine
Authors: Jain Vipin Kumar
Published: October 2019

A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of (–)-bestatin, epibestatin, phebestin, and (3S,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid is reported. The key step is a proline-catalyzed α-hydroxylation of an aldehyde derived from d-phenylalanine, which leads to incorporation of a hydroxyl group at the α-position of that aldehyde with good yield and very high diastereoselectivity. Bestatin and its dia­stereomer epibestatin are synthesized from the same starting material using the same sequence of reactions, except for proline as the catalyst. An O-MOM and Boc-protected amino acid, a common intermediate for bestatin, was coupled with a dipeptide, H-Val-Phe-OMe followed by global deprotection to yield phebestin. (3S,4R)-4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid was also synthesized in eight steps from the same starting material. The reported synthetic route offers a general method for the synthesis of such types of compounds and their analogues by changing the proline catalyst and/or the starting material from d- to l-phenylalanine.
Dilution-Induced Physico-Chemical Changes of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Due to Homeopathic Preparation Steps of Trituration and Succussion
Authors: Basu Abhirup , Temgire Mayur K. , Suresh Akkihebbal K. , Bellare Jayesh R.
Published: October 2019

Background Although the presence of starting materials in extreme dilutions of homeopathic medicines has been established, the physico-chemical changes of these materials induced by the manufacturing steps—that is, solid–solid mixing involving grinding (trituration) and slurry mixing involving impact (succussion), followed by dilution—are still unknown.

Methods We subjected cupric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to the homeopathic processes of trituration and succussion, followed by dilution up to 6 cH. Particle image velocimetry was employed to analyze the fluid motion during succussion and its effect on the NPs. The resulting microstructural and chemical changes at different dilution steps were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Results The succussion triggered multi-sized bubble generation and turbulent fluid motion up to a duration of 400 ms, with maximum average velocity of 0.23 m/s. Due to 1% transfer of kinetic energy from a moving eddy with this velocity, upon collision, the rate of temperature change in a particle of size 1 µm and 1 nm was predicted to rise by approximately 102 K/s and 106 K/s respectively. During trituration, the oxide NPs reduced to metals and did not aggregate by remaining within lactose, but they converted to oxidized finer NPs after impact. Silicate chains leached from the vial cross-linked after third dilution, forming large macro-particles and encapsulating the NPs that were retained and carried at higher dilution steps.

Conclusion The results showed that the NPs sustained significant rate of temperature change due to energy transfer from moving eddies during succussion. Different physico-chemical changes, such as size reduction, successive reduction and oxidation of NPs, and morphological changes, were achieved through trituration and succussion. The retention of NPs within cross-linked poly-siloxane chains reveals the importance of both the borosilicate glass vial and the ethanol solution during preparation of homeopathic medicines.
Spin transport in an insulating ferrimagnetic-antiferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic trilayer as a function of temperature
Authors: Chen Yizhang , Cogulu Egecan , Roy Debangsu , Ding Jinjun , Mohammadi Jamileh Beik , Kotula Paul G. , Missert Nancy A. , Wu Mingzhong , Kent Andrew D.
Published: October 2019

We present a study of the transport properties of thermally generated spin currents in an insulating ferrimagnetic-antiferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic trilayer over a wide range of temperature. Spin currents generated by the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) YIG/NiO/YIG trilayer on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate were detected using the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in Pt. By studying samples with different NiO thicknesses, the spin diffusion length of NiO was determined to be ∼3.8 nm at room temperature. Surprisingly, a large increase of the SSE signal was observed below 30 K, and the field dependence of the signal closely follows a Brillouin function for an S=7/2 spin. The increase of the SSE signal at low temperatures could thus be associated with the paramagnetic SSE from the GGG substrate. Besides, a broad peak in the SSE response was observed around 100 K. These observations are important in understanding the generation and transport properties of spin currents through magnetic insulators and the role of a paramagnetic substrate in spin current generation.
FACT and FAIR with Big Data allows objectivity in science: The view of crystallography
Authors: Helliwell John R.
Published: October 2019

A publication is an important narrative of the work done and interpretations made by researchers securing a scientific discovery. As The Royal Society neatly states though, “Nullius in verba” (“Take nobody's word for it”), whereby the role of the underpinning data is paramount. Therefore, the objectivity that preserving that data within the article provides is due to readers being able to check the calculation decisions of the authors. But how to achieve full data archiving? This is the raw data archiving challenge, in size and need for correct metadata. Processed diffraction data and final derived molecular coordinates archiving in crystallography have achieved an exemplary state of the art relative to most fields. One can credit IUCr with developing exemplary peer review procedures, of narrative, underpinning structure factors and coordinate data and validation report, through its checkcif development and submission system introduced for Acta Cryst. C and subsequently developed for its other chemistry journals. The crystallographic databases likewise have achieved amazing success and sustainability these last 50 years or so. The wider science data scene is celebrating the FAIR data accord, namely, that data be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable [Wilkinson et al., “Comment: The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship,” Sci. Data 3, 160018 (2016)]. Some social scientists also emphasize more than FAIR being needed, the data should be “FACT,” which is an acronym meaning Fair, Accurate, Confidential, and Transparent [van der Aalst et al., “Responsible data science,” Bus Inf. Syst. Eng. 59(5), 311–313 (2017)], this being the issue of ensuring reproducibility not just reusability. (Confidentiality of data not likely being relevant to our data obviously.) Acta Cryst. B, C, E, and IUCrData are the closest I know to being both FACT and FAIR where I repeat for due emphasis: the narrative, the automatic “general” validation checks, and the underpinning data are checked thoroughly by subject specialists (i.e., the specialist referees). IUCr Journals are also the best that I know of for encouraging and then expediting the citation of the DOI for a raw diffraction dataset in a publication; examples can be found in IUCrJ, Acta Cryst D, and Acta Cryst F. The wish for a checkcif for raw diffraction data has been championed by the IUCr Diffraction Data Deposition Working Group and its successor, the IUCr Committee on Data.
Optimizing thin film solar concentrators
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: October 2019

With a judicious combination of polymer matrix and luminophore, thin film solar concentrators might have applications in window and building design.
Towards an integrated model of grammatical encoding and decoding in SLA
Authors: Lenzing Anke
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, I consider the interface between production and comprehension
in second language acquisition (SLA). I argue that the two processes rely on (partially)
shared resources and propose an integrated encoding-decoding model of SLA. The core of the
model is a single syntactic processor underlying both second language (L2) grammatical
encoding and decoding. The model also includes a means of accounting for the interaction of
shared grammatical resources and key semantic aspects such as lexical semantics and event
probability on the comprehension process. My claims are tested in an empirical study
focussing on the L2 acquisition of English passive constructions by 24 learners with an L1
German background at different stages of L2 acquisition. The results of the data analysis
provide support for the notion of a single syntactic processor in L2 acquisition.
Processability Theory as a tool in the study of a heritage speaker of
Norwegian
Authors: Hjelde Arnstein , Kvifte Bjørn Harald , Emilsen Linda Evenstad , Arntzen Ragnar
Published: October 2019

In this article, we employ aspects of Processability Theory (PT) to study the
language of one fourth generation heritage speaker of Norwegian in America. This man, who we
refer to as Lars, was almost 50 years old when we first met and recorded him in 2010, and to
our knowledge he is among the youngest Norwegian-Americans still able to speak Norwegian as
a heritage language in the Upper Midwest. His dominant language was Norwegian until he
started school, when English took over this role. When we met him the first time, he had not
spoken Norwegian to any substantial extent for several decades.

When we examine his language, we find a number of grammatical deviations from
the baseline – the language as spoken in the old world, and we discuss the possible
explanations for these; are they related to the quality of the input, are they due to
attrition or are they the result of incomplete acquisition? In the discussion, we include
certain aspects of PT, and based on this, we claim that attrition is the most likely
explanation for the reduced structures in Lars’ Norwegian.
Modelling relative clauses in Processability Theory and Lexical-Functional
Grammar
Authors: Nottbeck Emilia
Published: October 2019

This chapter formally analyses English relative clause (RC) constructions
within the framework of Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann, 1998, 2005) using the
grammatical formalism of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) (Bresnan, 2001) as an analytical tool. A theoretical account of (a)
the classification of RCs in terms of the PT hierarchy of processing procedures and (b) a
processing hierarchy of different types of RCs is provided that is based on the linear and
non-linear mapping processes between c- and f-structure. This approach is extended by the
discussion of the syntactic role of the head noun phrase (NPhead) in the matrix
clause considering general assumptions about working memory (Kuno, 1974) and the grammatical memory store (Levelt, 1989).
Exploiting the potential of tasks for targeted language learning in the EFL
classroom
Authors: Roos Jana
Published: October 2019

This chapter reports on a classroom study showing how communicative tasks that
include a focus on the developmental readiness of the learners promote the acquisition
process. The study explores the effects of the use of such tasks with young German learners
of English. It is based on the idea that a positive effect on language development is
possible using an approach that engages learners in the active use of grammatical features
for which they are developmentally ready. The study focuses on the acquisition of ‘third
person singular ‑s’. In a pretest, a number of the learners involved
had shown that they were developmentally ready for this feature. After an instruction period
that included work with communicative tasks focussing on this feature, oral speech
production data were obtained through task-based interaction in a posttest and a delayed
posttest. The data indicate that providing learners with these kinds of opportunities to use
a ‘learnable’ feature repeatedly and flexibly promotes the acquisition of that feature.
Improved adaptation of temperate grasses through mutualism with fungal endophytes.
Authors: Caradus J. R. , Johnson L. J.
Published: October 2019

Plants provide a unique ecological niche for diverse communities of fungal endophytes that vary in their impact, positive to negative, on the host plant. Fungal endophytes colonize plants without any visible disease symptoms for at least part of their life history. These symbionts are critical components of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, as well as cultivated agricultural communities, dramatically influencing plant adaptation and evolution. Many temperate grass species are reliant on their mutualistic association with obligate fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë for a variety of fitness benefits, such as persistence under both invertebrate and vertebrate grazing pressure and improved adaptation to abiotic stresses. In New Zealand, Epichloë endophytes have been estimated to contribute $200 m per year in increased animal production through improved pasture persistence and yield. Other fungal endophytes have also been studied in temperate grasses, although much less is understood about the biological and economic impacts of these plant-fungal interactions. Determining which fungal endophytes are mutualistic has been, and continues to be, a challenge, particularly as we begin to realize that endophytes interact with other endophytes and little is understood about what factors shape endophyte community structures.
China’s involvement in the trans-Saharan textile trade and industry in Nigeria: the case of Kano
Authors: Muhammad Murtala , Buba Ramatu , Azman Muhammad Danial , Ahmed Abubakar
Published: October 2019

This Briefing analyses the large volume and value of smuggled Chinese textile products through the Sahara into the Kano market from 2000 to 2015. The evidence indicates that China’s involvement has displaced local manufacturers in the historic textile city of Kano.
Non-thermal effects of 0.1 THz radiation on intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and conformation*
Authors: Zhang Xin-Xin , He Ming-Xia , Chen Yu , Li Cheng , Zhao Jin-Wu , Wang Peng-Fei , Peng Xin
Published: October 2019

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz (THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate (pNPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation (0.1 THz, 13 mW/cm2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.
Searching for neutrino-less double beta decay of 136Xe with PandaX-II liquid xenon detector *
Authors: Ni Kaixiang , Lai Yihui , Abdukerim Abdusalam , Chen Wei , Chen Xun , Chen Yunhua , Cui Xiangyi , Fan Yingjie , Fang Deqing , Fu Changbo , Geng Lisheng , Giboni Karl , Giuliani Franco , Gu Linhui , Guo Xuyuan , Han Ke , He Changda , Huang Di , Huang Yan , Huang Yanlin , Huang Zhou , Ji Peng , Ji Xiangdong , Ju Yonglin , Liang Kun , Liu Huaxuan , Liu Jianglai , Ma Wenbo , Ma Yugang , Mao Yajun , Meng Yue , Namwongsa Parinya , Ning Jinhua , Ning Xuyang , Ren Xiangxiang , Shang Changsong , Si Lin , Tan Andi , Wang Anqing , Wang Hongwei , Wang Meng , Wang Qiuhong , Wang Siguang , Wang Xiuli , Wang Zhou , Wu Mengmeng , Wu Shiyong , Xia Jingkai , Xiao Mengjiao , Xie Pengwei , Yan Binbin , Yang Jijun , Yang Yong , Yu Chunxu , Yuan Jumin , Zhang Dan , Zhang Hongguang , Zhang Tao , Zhao Li , Zheng Qibin , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng
Published: October 2019

We report the Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) search results from PandaX-II dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber. The total live time used in this analysis is 403.1 days from June 2016 to August 2018. With NLDBD-optimized event selection criteria, we obtain a fiducial mass of 219 kg of natural xenon. The accumulated xenon exposure is 242 kg·yr, or equivalently 22.2 kg·yr of 136Xe exposure. At the region around 136Xe decay Q-value of 2458 keV, the energy resolution of PandaX-II is 4.2%. We find no evidence of NLDBD in PandaX-II and establish a lower limit for decay half-life of 2.1

yr at the 90% confidence level, which corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass

eV. This is the first NLDBD result reported from a dual-phase xenon experiment.
Simplified dark matter models with loop effects in direct detection and the constraints from indirect detection and collider search *
Authors: Li Tong , Wu Peiwen
Published: October 2019

We reexamine the simplified dark matter (DM) models with fermionic DM particle and spin-0 mediator. The DM-nucleon scattering cross sections in these models are low-momentum suppressed at tree-level, but receive sizable loop-induced spin-independent contribution. We perform one-loop calculations for scalar-type and twist-2 DM-quark operators, and complete two-loop calculations for scalar-type DM-gluon operator. Analyzing the loop-level contribution from new operators, we find that future direct detection experiments could be sensitive to a fraction of the parameter space. The indirect detection and collider search also provide complementary constraints on these models.
Alternative approach to thermodynamic phase transitions
Authors: Hendi Seyed Hossein , Panahiyan Shahram , Panah Behzad Eslam , Jamil Mubasher
Published: October 2019

One of the major open problems in theoretical physics is the lack of a consistent quantum gravity theory. Recent developments in our knowledge on thermodynamic phase transitions of black holes and their van der Waals-like behavior may provide an interesting quantum interpretation of classical gravity. Studying different methods of investigating phase transitions can extend our understanding of the nature of quantum gravity. In this paper, we present an alternative theoretical approach for finding thermodynamic phase transitions in the extended phase space. Unlike the standard methods based on the usual equation of state involving temperature, our approach uses a new quasi-equation constructed from the slope of temperature versus entropy. This approach addresses some of the shortcomings of the other methods and provides a simple and powerful way of studying the critical behavior of a thermodynamical system. Among the applications of this approach, we emphasize the analytical demonstration of possible phase transition points and the identification of the non-physical range of horizon radii for black holes.
Multifractal spectrum and spectral behavior of calcium and titanium isotopes based on nuclear shell model
Authors: Razazi V. , Behnia S. , Ziaei J.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the effect of valence space nucleons on the multifractal analysis (MFA) and spectral analysis of calcium and titanium isotopes. The multifractality of wavefunctions is characterized by its associated singularity spectrum f(α) and generalized dimension Dq
. The random matrix theory (RMT) has been employed in the study of properties of the distribution of energy levels. In particular, we find that the number of nucleons and two-body residual interactions particularly affect the singularity and energy level spectra.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ag and Ge multi-micro alloyed Al-(3.2) Cu-(2) Li-(0.6) Mg alloys
Authors: Laith Ali Enass , Rajih Abdalwahid K
Published: October 2019

This work represent an attempt to investigate the possible improvement to replace (Cu) by (Li) in (Al-Cu) alloys used in aerospace industries. It is well established that (Al-Li) alloys are attractive for military and aerospace application because their properties are superior to those of congenital (Al) alloys. (Li) reduced the weight of the plane; hence, more speed can be attained. Several other improvements are also intruded. Alloys were prepared during this work by casting. they include (Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr), (Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr-Ag), and (Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr-Ag-Ge) alloys. Result showed that addition 0.35%Ag to Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy improve strength from (42MPa) to (127MPa) when aging at 175°C. and improve hardness from (156.64 Hv) to (173.74Hv) At the same temperature. But the deterioration when addition 0.2 Ge to Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy weakness strength from (127MPa) to (26MPa) at the same time improved hardness from (156.64Hv) to (171.76Hv) at the same temperature. Optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were done to study the structure and the surface features and chemical composition of the alloys. Many phases shown which have an influence on the mechanical and chemical properties, such as (Al3Li), (Al3Zr), (Al2MgLi), omega (Ω) precipitates, (Ag2CuLi), (Ge4Zr5).Pin-on-disc testing technique was commonly used for investigating sliding wear. B significant increase in wear resistance of the alloy. The weight loss was only 60% of the other alloys.
Order-Convergence for Filters in a Dedekind Complete Riesz Spaces( K-Spaces)
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Kadhum Shatha , Abdul-Hussein Kadhum Shaimaa
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we will be discussing order-convergence and (αℱ) −Cauchy for filters in a Dedekind complete Riesz spaces ( K-Spaces). In this context, we prove the basic theorems.
Applications of Horadam Polynomials on Bazilevic Bi-Univalent Function Satisfying Subordinate Conditions
Authors: Kareem Wanas Abbas , Lupas Alina Alb
Published: October 2019

In the present investigation, we use the Horadam Polynomials to establish upper bounds for the second and third coefficients of functions belongs to a new subclass of analytic and Bazilevic bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk ∪. Also, we discuss Fekete-Szegä problem for functions belongs to this subclass.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45, 30C50.
On ωC-Continuous Functions
Authors: Kadum Humadi Nadia , Jabur Ali Haider
Published: October 2019

We devoted this research to study the c-continuous functions and we have provided other kinds of that functions. The relations between those functions have been studied, many examples and facts have been submitted to support the results that we found in our work.
Constructing a Nested Chain in James Abacus Diagram
Authors: Mohommed Eman F
Published: October 2019

James abacus diagram with e column and r rows is a combinatorial model used to represent any partition of a positive integer. In this paper, nested chain in James diagram is constructed which depended on e and r. Three forms of nested chain are found which are e < r, e > r and e = r. Then, characteristics for each form are provided. Furthermore, position numbers in each chain are then determined. In addition, a new function is established in order to determine the number of chains. Also sequences of the number of chains in nested chain are finally obtained.
Estimate the Rate of Contamination in Baghdad Soils By Using Numerical Method
Authors: Naji Mohammed Tawfiq Luma , Al-Noor Nadia H , Al-Noor Taghreed H
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the rate of contamination in soils by using accurate numerical method as a suitable tool to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in soil. In particular, 2D –interpolation methods are applied in the models of the spread the metals in different direction.The paper illustrates the importance of the numerical method in different applications, especially nvironment contamination. Basically, there are many roles for approximating functions. Thus, the approximating of function namely the analytical expression may be expressed; the most common type being is polynomials, which are the easy implemented and simplest methods of approximation. In this paper the divided difference formula is used and extended in two dimensions (2D) to evaluate the concentration of metals in soil to estimate the rate of contamination in Baghdad city, Iraq.
Computation of fast linear equations convergent iterations solutions on the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel methods
Authors: Fahem Abbas Ali , Jalal Ali Ali
Published: October 2019

This paper present Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi class repetition systems be situated, planned with answering an equations of AXB = C liner produced the cracked organizations of A then B. Conjunction plus computational amount with these iterative approaches stay deliberate. In addition, are current preliminaries methods for Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi iterations. Numerical samples are assumed to establish the effectiveness of these approaches and suggested in the example for each. using MATLAB, by explain the schedule. We also show that using iterations of the Jacobi blocks, we can expand the range of tasks for which this approach can be effective. For iterations of Jacobi blocks, it is important, that to knows kind the matrix structure for choosing the best method with accurate fast and short result.