bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Co Microalloying on the High‐Temperature Tensile Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Hot Work Die Steel
Authors: Dong Lili , Zhou Jian , Gu Jinbo , Chi Hongxiao , Guo Chuncheng , Yang Yinhui
Published: December 2024

The hot work die steel 4Cr5Mo2V has insufficient high‐temperature strength, making it difficult to meet advanced manufacturing requirements. Herein, a novel modified 4Cr5Mo2V‐Co steel with 0.5% Co addition is designed and subjected to tensile tests at room and high temperature, and the precipitation formation and microstructure evolution are characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X‐ray diffractometer, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that Co microalloying increases the strength of 4Cr5Mo2V steel while slightly decreasing its plasticity with temperatures ranging from 25 to 700 °C. The increased high‐temperature strength of 4Cr5Mo2V‐Co steel is mainly attributed to dislocation and precipitation strengthening. This can be attributed to the addition of Co lowering the stacking fault energy of bcc grains, preventing dislocation climb and cross slip, thus increasing the dislocation density. In turn, the dislocations provide more nucleation sites for M2C phase precipitation, promoting more dispersed nanoscale M2C phase formation. During high‐temperature tensile deformation, the recrystallization softening phenomenon of 4Cr5Mo2V steel is more pronounced due to the presence of continuous dynamic recrystallization.
Hybridsysteme aus gekantetem Stahlblech und zementfreiem Beton
Authors: Thalmann Jay Renée , Yavaribajestani Yasaman , Stocker Christian , Vigneri Valentino , Taras Andreas , Fischli‐Boson Patric
Published: December 2024

Um die Nachhaltigkeitsprobleme im Bausektor anzugehen, müssen emissionsärmere, langlebige und für die zirkuläre Wiederverwendung und Rezyklierung geeignete Bauweisen verwendet werden. Dies kann durch systemoffene, adaptive Bauweisen erreicht werden, die auf die Weiternutzung sowie auf ein Design for Disassembly abzielen, um spätere Anpassungen und eine Wiederverwendung zu ermöglichen. In der Schweiz, wo ein Großteil der Wohngebäude aus Beton und Mauerwerk besteht, werden viele Gebäude aufgrund mangelnder Kompatibilität mit den aktuellen Anforderungen abgerissen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt ein neuartiges Stahl‐Hybrid‐Bausystem für den Einsatz in Wohngebäuden vor, welches Anpassungsfähigkeit und zirkuläres Design mit Leistungsfähigkeit im Kalt‐ und Brandbemessungsfall kombiniert. Das Bausystem verwendet kaltgeformte, offene Stahl‐Kantprofile in Kombination mit einem zementfreien Beton (Cleancrete), welcher Kantprofile füllt und diese gegen Querschnittsverformungen aussteift sowie zum Brandschutz beiträgt. Obwohl der Cleancrete nur minimalen Einfluss auf den Tragwiderstand im Kaltfall hat, schlagen sich die Verwendung eines Materials mit geringeren CO2‐Emissionen und die Reduzierung des gesamten Stahlverbrauchs positiv im ökobilanziellen Vergleich nieder. Anhand eines Brandversuchs sowie mithilfe numerischer Simulationen für den Brandfall konnte zudem belegt werden, dass das System auch für den Brandfall mit bis zu fünf Stockwerken eingesetzt werden kann.
Using Memes to Facilitate TESOL Student Teachers' Reflections on Identity
Authors: Lewis Kristina B.
Published: December 2024

While reflection on one's own developing language teacher identity is a valuable experience for TESOL student teachers, written reflections and concerns about evaluation make it challenging to engage in authentic reflection. This paper reports on a novel method—meme creation and collaborative analysis via a descriptive review process—to facilitate TESOL student teacher reflection on their identity development and practicum experiences. Creating and collaboratively analyzing memes created opportunities for the student teachers in this study to identify and begin to examine assumptions about what it means to be TESOL student teachers and do English language teaching. Suggestions are offered for using the meme creation and analysis process as both a research method and a pedagogical tool to support (student) teachers' identity reflections.
Living Cultures in the Anthropocene: Taking Stock of Intangible Cultural Heritage Initiatives across the World
Authors: Wulf Christoph
Published: December 2024

The following article is an introduction to the handbook “Intangible Cultural Practices as Global Strategies for the Future”. 20 years after the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The book takes stock. It is divided into five sections dealing with the following topics: (1) Living heritage as an initiator of change; (2) Colonialism, minorities, inequalities and the struggle for human rights; (3) Identity formation, participation and conflicts; (4) Living culture in aesthetic encounters; (5) Challenging issues, future developments and new fields of research. With the help of numerous interdisciplinary and international contributions, the following are examined: (1) intangible and tangible heritage; (2) the selection of practices of intangible cultural heritage; (3) the body and performativity; (4) the mimetic production of intangible cultural practices; (4) community and participation; (5) sustainable development; (6) education for sustainable development, global citizenship and peace; (7) digitalization. The aim of these analyses is to take stock and work out which developments are desirable and possible in the future in order to live as non-violently and sustainably as possible.
An Examination of the Developmental Process and Characteristics of the Korean Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection System
Authors: Hahm Hanhee , Kim Yong Goo
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the evolution of Korea’s cultural heritage protection policies, with a particular focus on intangible cultural heritage, spanning from the inception of the Cultural Property Protection Act in 1962 to the recent enactment of the Framework Act on National Heritage in 2023. The shift towards a more comprehensive legal framework aims to align Korea’s standards with international norms, particularly those set forth by UNESCO’s cultural heritage safeguarding policies. The article highlights the challenges stemming from conflicts between domestic laws and UNESCO conventions, as well as the subsequent revisions undertaken by the Cultural Heritage Administration to address these issues. The article underscores the challenges associated with safeguarding community-based intangible cultural heritage. It proposes assigning a central role to expert committees in safeguarding intangible heritage and advocates for reducing direct government intervention in favour of exploring novel avenues for indirect support.
Cultural Heritage Practices and Identity: Global, Regional, National and Local Perspectives. Colombia as a Case Study
Authors: Polo-Flórez Viviana
Published: December 2024

Does heritage create identity, or is it identity that shapes cultural practices and therefore heritage? This is the question that has inspired the following approach, which looks back at the past and presents a view from the South. We see that it is the concrete historical and cultural conditions that determine the formation of a subject. This takes place in mimetic actions that play an important role in the construction of identity (Wulf C. The formation of the subject in the Anthropocene. Sustainability, Mimesis, Ritual, and Gesture. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com, 2020, July 21).
Against All Odds: Keeping Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Arab World Vibrant
Authors: Hayajneh Hani
Published: December 2024

Arab countries comprise communities and groups that are socially and linguistically diverse and different in size and prevalence. They have lived with rich manifestations of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) that have interacted through history and continue to interact with the political, social, economic, and environmental surroundings. Multiple languages and dialects are also spread among these communities, representing a vehicle through which ICH is transmitted. This contribution briefly presents and evaluates the concept of ICH, and how it began to come to the attention of legislative, academic and institutional circles in the Arab countries, and summarizes the most important achievement related to the implementation of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for safeguarding ICH. Some recommendations that are expected to contribute to safeguarding ICH in a sustainable context for the benefit of communities and their social and economic well-being are proposed.
From Communities of Belief to Artists in Performance: ‘Clear Enigma’ of Odin Teatret and the Pulluvas of Kerala, or Three Movements of Community Heritage
Authors: Saha Sharmistha
Published: December 2024

This paper looks at the transformative nature of intangible cultural heritage and its co-relation to the evolution of a community. In order to do so the paper looks at the caste labour of *Naga Kalam Pulluvan Pattu* which is a form of *Kalamezhuth Pattu* where *Kala* means art or picture and *mezuth* is the act of making, and *pattu* is to sing i.e. it is *the song of making art*. It is performed primarily by the Pulluva caste community. Although different regions of Kerala, where this ritual art practice is found often sees other caste groups associated to this practice. Naga Kalam Pulluvan Pattu is a negotiation with snakes of the region where it is mediated through the Pulluvas—at least that is the belief—that the snakes would not destroy crops or bite small children and this ritual will bring prosperity. In 2014, I first saw a performance of Nagakalam Pattu as part of a narrative called *Clear Enigma*directed by Eugenio Barba. Clear Enigma was to have only one performance to celebrate the 50 years anniversary of Odin Teatret at a small village in Denmark called Holstebro where the theatre is located. From what is known, the village of Holstebro is not infested by snakes! Although both ritual and theatre have often been seen as embodied and transformative, this paper looks at what happens to caste labour that is entrenched in belief and a community’s social being, when there is a transference of it as theatre.
Cultural Economies of Intangible Cultural Heritage as Modalities of Care: The Wealth of Networks, Community-Based Value Chains and Commoning
Authors: Koch Gertraud , Rausch Julia , Stoffregen Anna
Published: December 2024

Broadening the focus on cultural economies of ICH to include ways of caring for the future emphasises the uniqueness of living traditions and their limitations in becoming marketable assets. It highlights the reconsideration of valorisation as a means of care that facilitates the vibrancy and resilience of ICH through the interplay of its cultural, social and economic dimensions. From a broader perspective, the paper specifically addresses the non-monetary forms of resourcing for ICH of six UNESCO-listed cultural expressions, Blaudruck, Swabian-Alemannic Carnival, Poetry Slam, Batana Eco Museum, Fado Music and Falconry, which are hard to measure. Each is practised in a publicly visible, vibrant way and enjoys broad participation by diverse people. The resourcing of ICH through sharing and caring in networks, community-based resourcing and commoning, demonstrates the crucial role of cultural economies as modalities of care in maintaining the robustness and vibrancy of ICH.
Intangible Heritage as a Factor of Cultural Resilience in Rural Areas of Germany
Authors: Trummer Manuel , Uhlig Mirko
Published: December 2024

Using the example of Germany, this chapter examines how and to which extent the inclusion of regional cultural forms on one of the lists of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) can contribute to the sustainable development and vitalisation of peripheral rural areas. Against this backdrop it discusses the potential of a joint approach between rural development policy and ICH. Following Marlen Meissner, we understand ICH as a cultural policy instrument and incorporated cultural capital in the sense of Bourdieu, but expand this perspective to include a theoretical framework that takes a closer look at the current requirements of rural development policy. As a heuristic for documenting the impact of an ICH application process for a rural region, the text draws on the concept of “cultural resilience”. This brings aspects of resourcefulness, rootedness, and resistance to the fore. In this context, the application process itself, as the empirical examples show, is of great importance.
Light quark loops in $$ {K}^{\pm}\to {\pi}^{\pm}\nu \overline{\nu} $$ from vector meson dominance and update on the Kaon Unitarity Triangle
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Soni Amarjit
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We use vector meson dominance to calculate non-perturbative contributions to the branching ratio of the rare decay $$ {K}^{\pm}\to {\pi}^{\pm}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
±

→

π
±

ν

ν
¯

stemming from matrix elements involving up-quark loops. The importance of this observable as well as of K0 → π0l+l− and of the direct CP violation parameter $$ {\epsilon}_K^{\prime } $$

ϵ
K
′

is then discussed in the context of a Unitarity Triangle sqtudy based on Kaon sector observables only.
Effective field theory analysis of rare |∆c| = |∆u| = 1 charm decays
Authors: Gisbert Hector , Hiller Gudrun , Suelmann Dominik
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We perform a global analysis of |∆c| = |∆u| = 1 transitions using recent data on D0 → μ+μ−, D+ → π+μ+μ−, Λc → p μ+μ−, and D0 → π+π−μ+μ− decays, and work out constraints on new physics Wilson coefficients $$ {C}_{7,9,10}^{\left(\prime \right)} $$

C

7
,
9
,
10

′

. While results are consistent with the standard model, we find sizeable room for new physics that can be cleanly signaled with null test observables, not probed with searches in other sectors such as kaon and b-decays. The decay D0 → π+π−μ+μ− requires better understanding of hadronic contributions to be competitive in the current fit. Progress can be achieved by precision study of the double differential decay rate in the dipion and dimuon masses, together with improved theory modelling and D → ππ transition form factors. On the other hand, the 4-body decay is an important contributor to the future global analysis due to its angular distributions that probe complementary combinations of Wilson coefficients, and as a QCD laboratory. The decay Λc → pℓ+ℓ− is the rising star due to the simplicity of a 3-body decay with available form factors from lattice QCD, sensitivity to both 4-fermion and electromagnetic dipole couplings and its null test forward-backward asymmetry.
Mixed gauge-global symmetries, elliptic modes, and black hole thermodynamics in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity
Authors: Martin L. , Mattingly D.
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, a putative consistent theory of quantum gravity for which there is evidence for both black hole thermodynamics and a holographic construction, spacetime is endowed with a preferred dynamical spacelike foliation. The theory has a leaf reparameterization symmetry that is neither global nor local gauge, hyperbolic and elliptic equations of motion, a lack of splittability, and universal horizon black hole solutions. The reparameterization symmetry is “mixed”: it is a local symmetry in one coordinate yet global on each leaf. More broadly it is an example of both unfree and projectable gauge symmetries. The mixed symmetry and associated charge has not yet been accounted for in calculations of universal horizon thermodynamics in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity. This has led to problems, in particular the failure of the first law in a class of asymptotically AdS solutions where the normal to the leaves of the foliation is not aligned with the time translation Killing vector at infinity. We show how the dynamics of the charge corresponding to this symmetry coupled with the other features above resolves this issue. We then briefly comment how this mixed symmetry, the corresponding charge, and the elliptic equations of motion also conspire to evade recent holographic arguments for only local gauge fields in consistent theories of quantum gravity due to the lack of splittability of the elliptic equation and associated mode.
Toward an empathy-based trust in human-otheroid relations
Authors: Safdari Abootaleb
Published: December 2024

The primary aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, to argue that we can enter into relation of trust with robots and AI systems (automata); and secondly, to provide a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this relation of trust. To achieve these objectives, the paper first undertakes a critical examination of the main arguments opposing the concept of a trust-based relation with automata. Showing that these arguments face significant challenges that render them untenable, it thereby prepares the ground for the subsequent positive analysis, proposing a framework in which these challenges can be addressed . According to this framework trust does not originate from mere reliability, but rather from an empathic relation with automata. This initial empathic relation elevates the automata to the status of what I will term "Otheroids." The paper then explores how this human-Otheroid relationship inherently possesses the seeds for the development of trust. Finally, it examines how these seeds can grow into a basic form of trust with Otheroids through the establishment of a rich history of interaction.
Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements
Authors: Fang Hongliang , Wu Yunjia , Zhang Yinghui , Wang Yao , Li Sijia , Ma Tian , Li Yu , Guo Keruo
Published: December 2024

Key message

Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling.

The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However, vertically distributed canopy structural data are rare, and current methods are either inefficient or costly for obtaining sufficient amounts of such data. This study conducted a series of field campaigns to obtain forest vertical structural measurements at two temperate forest sites in northern China from 2020 to 2023. Four different measurement systems were compared: (1) flux towers with accessible platforms at different heights, (2) a portable and extensible sampling mast with a digital hemispherical photography (DHP) camera attached on top, (3) a tower crane with a DHP camera fixed on the crane hook, and (4) an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) with a DHP camera attached on top. The measured effective plant area index (PAIeff) shows clearly seasonal variations at different heights. The CI remains relatively consistent at different heights, and the leaf-off value is approximately 0.1−0.2 higher than the leaf-on one. The flux tower method can be used for vertical profile measurement at a fixed location, whereas the portable mast is suitable for lower-level (< 15 m) measurement. Crane measurement requires an established facility and is useful for local measurement around the crane. UAV with an attached DHP provides a promising method for monitoring vertical structural parameters. The vertical structural profiles obtained in this study can be used in various modeling and validation studies.
Shift of cell-death mechanisms in primary human neutrophils with a ruthenium photosensitizer
Authors: Montesdeoca Nicolás , Mohr Jennifer M. , Kruss Sebastian , Karges Johannes
Published: December 2024

Primary human neutrophils are the most abundant human white blood cells and are central for innate immunity. They act as early responders at inflammation sites, guided by chemotactic gradients to find infection or inflammation sites. Neutrophils can undergo both apoptosis as well as NETosis. NETosis is a form of neutrophil cell death that releases chromatin-based extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and neutralize pathogens. Understanding or controlling the balance between these cell-death mechanisms is crucial. In this study, the chemical synthesis and biologic assessment of a ruthenium complex as a light-activated photosensitizer that creates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary human neutrophils is reported. The ruthenium complex remains non-toxic in the dark. However, upon exposure to blue light at 450 nm, it exhibits potent cytotoxic effects in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, the metal complex shifts the cell-death mechanism of primary human neutrophils from NETosis to apoptosis. Cells irradiated directly by the light source immediately undergo apoptosis, whereas those further away from the light source perform NETosis at a slower rate. This indicates that high ROS levels trigger apoptosis and lower ROS levels NETosis. The ability to control the type of cell death undergone in primary human neutrophils could have implications in managing acute and chronic infectious diseases.

Graphical abstract
Metacognition in nonhuman primates: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Subias Lorraine , Katsu Noriko , Yamada Kazunori
Published: December 2024

Metacognition, the ability to monitor and control one’s own cognitive processes, has long been considered a hallmark of human cognition. However, two decades of research have provided compelling evidence of metacognitive-like abilities in some nonhuman primates. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the subject, highlighting key experimental paradigms and empirical findings, with an emphasis on the latest studies. Thanks to advances in methods and efforts to counter alternative explanations, there is now a consensus that great apes and some macaque species can monitor and control some of their cognitive processes. Despite numerous investigations, however, whether capuchin monkeys are metacognitive remains unclear. Critical gaps persist in our understanding of metacognition across species. We discuss the importance of expanding research to include a wider range of primate species and the potential role of ecological factors in shaping metacognitive capacities. In addition, we consider some promising avenues for future research, including neurophysiological approaches, studies of metacognitive errors, and field experiments.
Belief in Gender Role Stereotypes Moderates the Use of Gender Typicality Cues when Making Sexual Orientation Judgements from Faces
Authors: De La Mare Jessica K. , Taylor Maisie G. , Lee Anthony J.
Published: December 2024

People use cues of facial gender typicality when making sexual orientation judgements, where gender typical faces (masculine men and feminine women) are more likely to be judged as heterosexual and gender atypical faces (feminine men and masculine women) are judged as non-heterosexual. Individual differences in the belief of associated stereotypes have been shown to influence how these stereotypes are used to make social judgments of others; therefore, across two studies, we tested whether the strength of beliefs in gender stereotypes impacted how facial gender typicality cues were used when making sexual orientation judgements. In both Study 1 and 2 (n = 283 and 219, respectively), participants made sexual orientation judgements of 80 faces (40 male, 40 female) that varied in gender typicality and completed a measure of belief in gender stereotypes. In Study 2, participants also completed a sexual prejudice measure. In line with predictions, both studies found that the strength in belief of gender stereotypes significantly moderated the use of facial gender typicality cues when making sexual orientation judgements. Participants with a greater belief in gender stereotypes were more likely to judge a face as heterosexual as gender typicality increased. In Study 2, the association between sexual prejudice and use of gender typicality cues was fully mediated by beliefs in gender role stereotypes. These results highlight the importance of considering individual differences of the perceiver and how they can interact with cues from a target, particularly when making sexual orientation judgements.
Identifying Active Ingredients that Cause Change in Digital Parent Training Programs for Child Behavior Problems: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Saar Chen R. , Brandes Or , Baumel Amit
Published: December 2024

Digital parent training programs (DPTs) aimed at treating child behavior problems have shown efficacy in a number of trials, but less is known about the active ingredients parents find helpful while using DPTs. We analyzed data from users of self-guided DPTs within a randomized controlled trial setting: a standard program (DPT-STD) and an enhanced program (DPT-TP). Thematic analysis of interviews (n = 16) reveals that users of both programs endorsed the “content”, “content presentation”, “accessibility”, and “therapeutic context” as beneficial. However, only DPT-TP users identified the “therapeutic persuasiveness” as helpful, attributing this to features embedded exclusively in the enhanced program, including call-to-action reminders and assessment-based feedback. Findings were reinforced by the analysis of responses to open-ended questions from a larger sample of users (n = 31 DPT-STD users and n = 34 DPT-TP users). These findings underscore the importance of utilizing features that help parents make positive changes in their home.
Behavioral, metabolic, and biochemical alterations caused by an acute stress event in a zebrafish larvae model
Authors: Vieira Raquel S. F. , Venâncio Carlos A. S. , Félix Luís M.
Published: December 2024

Animal welfare is a growing concern in aquaculture practices. Stress induced by handling or transportation can lead to negative impacts on the sector. Zebrafish has raised as an important aquaculture model, but still with few focus on its stress response in early life stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the evaluation of different markers of the stress response after a stress event in a zebrafish larvae model. Zebrafish larvae (96 hpf) were vortex-stimulated for 1 min at 200 rpm for acute stress induction. After 10 min, 1- and 4-h behavioral larvae outcomes and larvae were sampled to the following quantification: levels of cortisol, lactate, glucose and biochemical biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipidic oxidation level and protein carbonylation, glutathione s-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and ATPase), and the metabolic rate. The cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels had no alterations. At the behavioral level, an increase in the distance swam and in the speed was observed and the metabolic rate also increased according to the behavioral outcomes. The ATPase and GST activity showed a decrease in their activity, probably through osmoregulation changes related to the hypothetic adrenocorticotropic hormone downregulation. Overall, the acute vortex stimulation at low speed induced an early stress response independent of the HPI-cortisol pathway. In addition, this study shows zebrafish early life stages as a sensitive model to acute vortex stimulation, identifying altered parameters which can be used in future work to assess the effect on animal welfare in similar acute situations.

Graphical Abstract

Vortex event of 96 hpf zebrafish larvae model. Stress event was performed with a vortex flow stimulation, 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) larvae (Faught and Vijayan 2018; Castillo-Ramírez et al. 2019). To induce the stress response, larvae were placed on a shaker and subjected to vortex 250 rpm for 1 min. Animals were collected at three different time points (10 min, 1 and 4 h) following the stress-inducing event for sample processing to obtain data using various techniques. Schematic representation of short-term response and long-term response with the data that can be altered corresponding to work data.
Moral Attention and Bad Sentimentality
Authors: Jamieson Lesley
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I challenge standard views of the moral badness of sentimentality defended by art critics and philosophers. Accounts based on untruthfulness and self-indulgence lack the resources to both explain the badness of bad sentimentality and to allow that there are benign instances. We are sometimes permitted to be sentimental even though it is self-serving. A non-moralistic account should allow for this. To provide such an account, I first outline a substantive view of the ideal of unsentimentality by turning to Rainer Maria Rilke’s Letters on Cézanne. Rilke celebrates the artist for his unsentimental love of his subjects and “untiring objective wakefulness” to them. I then turn to Iris Murdoch’s ethics of attention (itself influenced by Rilke) to explain why this ideal is so difficult to live up to in practice, the various ways that we fall short, and what our failures mean. What Murdoch contributes is both a sense that the lovingly attentive attitude that Rilke describes is morally—and not just artistically—important and a compassionate account of the human egocentrism that inhibits it. By thinking of sentimentality as a failure of moral attention, we can appreciate how particular instances differ from one another. Sentimentality can console us in difficult times or can gratify our egos; it can be a form of escapism or can rigidly enclose reality; and it can be harmlessly self-serving or a selfish failure to morally attend to the other when it counts. I conclude by outlining some ways that being seen with Cézanne-like moral attention can matter to us.
The Influence of Winning and Losing Gambling Experience on Mood State and Alcohol Cravings
Authors: Lipinski Damon , Whelan James P. , Stiglets Blaine E. , Andersland Matthew D. , Ginley Meredith K. , Pfund Rory A.
Published: December 2024

Previous work has explored the bi-directional relation between alcohol consumption and gambling behavior within gambling contexts, highlighting the role of salient factors such as mood. The present experiment sought to further explore how mood state and the urge to consume alcohol vary as a function of the experience of winning or losing while gambling. In this experiment, 76 individuals who reported past year gambling and past month alcohol use were randomly assigned to one of four conditions – neutral gambling, winning gambling, losing gambling, or movie watching. Results indicated that mood state did not significantly differ by experimental condition. However, the urge to consume alcohol significantly differed by experimental condition when accounting for weekly alcohol consumption. Individuals who underwent a losing gambling experience reported significantly greater alcohol-related urges than those who watched a movie or had a neutral gambling experience, but not compared to those who had a winning gambling experience. Exploratory analyses showed that those exposed to a losing gambling experience wanted a significantly greater number of drinks than those who had a neutral gambling experience or watched a movie. These results suggest that experiencing losing may contribute to a greater desire to consume alcohol, and that this relation may occur independent of mood states associated with gambling outcomes. Future research should seek to investigate the relations between gambling, alcohol use, and mood in naturalistic gambling settings beyond the laboratory.
Religion, Spirituality, Well-Being and Praying the Rosary: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study from Germany
Authors: Teut Michael , Brinkhaus Benno , Stöckigt Barbara , Binting Sylvia , Elies Michael K. , Zwingmann Christian , Jeserich Florian
Published: December 2024

Rosary prayer is a popular Catholic meditative prayer practice and has been used since the thirteenth century. The aim of this study is to describe characteristics, prayer practice, religiosity and piety of those practicing the prayer and to investigate whether and how religion/spirituality (R/S) and well-being are related in this specific population. An online cross-sectional survey was performed between June and September 2022 which included items on sociodemographic data, prayer practice, well-being, religiosity and spirituality, transpersonal trust and spiritual meaning. Results were described descriptively, and a possible relationship between R/S and well-being was examined using correlational and moderator analyses. In total, 164 participants who pray the Rosary completed the online questionnaire. A total of 92% of the participants belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, and 61% of the sample were women. A majority of participants reported to be very religious/spiritual (36%) or quite religious/spiritual (47%). Most participants experienced the prayer as a calming and relaxing practice, which slows down the breathing and the awareness in the prayer being focused on the prayer beads. Most of the participants expressed a high-to-very high transpersonal trust. All R/S measures used in this study are highly intercorrelated (r between 0.64 and 0.91) and show similar small-size associations (r between 0.10 and 0.20) with well-being. Moderator analysis shows that the connection between R/S and well-being was stronger among those with more positive prayer experiences. Subjectively perceived positive prayer experiences may act as an amplifier or emotional affirmation of the “rightness” or “effectiveness” of one’s faith and this very amplification may have a strengthening effect on the relationship between R/S and well-being. The interaction of R/S and well-being in Rosary praying and other meditative techniques should be a major topic of future research.
Pyrohydrolysis–ion chromatographic method with spectrophotometric detection for quantification of chlorine at trace levels in PHWR structural materials
Authors: Balaji Rao Y. , Bano Shehanaz , Nagendra Kumar P. V. , Srivastava Dinesh
Published: December 2024

A simple method for the determination of chlorine in PHWR structural materials using pyrohydrolysis–ion chromatographic method with spectrophotometric detection is explained in the present paper. A mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 as eluent and AgNO3 as post column reagent has been used in the developed method. Clear separation of chloride from other interfering anions is the distinct advantage of this method compared to conductivity detection enabling low level quantification of chloride using pre-concentration column. Effects of different parameters have been studied during the development of PH-IC method. The spiking standard recovery was found to be more than 90%. The analytical results of the developed method have been compared with the reported non-suppressed ion-chromatography with conductivity detection method and found to be in good agreement.
Cheaper Spaces
Authors: Moullec Matthieu , Douven Igor
Published: December 2024

Similarity spaces are standardly constructed by collecting pairwise similarity judgments and subjecting those to a dimension-reduction technique such as multidimensional scaling or principal component analysis. While this approach can be effective, it has some known downsides, most notably, it tends to be costly and has limited generalizability. Recently, a number of authors have attempted to mitigate these issues through machine learning techniques. For instance, neural networks have been trained on human similarity judgments to infer the spatial representation of unseen stimuli. However, these newer methods are still costly and fail to generalize widely beyond their initial training sets. This paper proposes leveraging prebuilt semantic vector spaces as a cheap alternative to collecting similarity judgments. Our results suggest that some of those spaces can be used to approximate human similarity judgments at low cost and high speed.
Depression in patients with anorectal fistulas and anal fissures: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Kolbe Ernst W. , Kaspari Michael , Krieg Sarah , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Anal fissures and anorectal fistulas are diseases often associated with significant pain and prolonged discomfort, resulting in a significantly reduced quality of life (QoL). They are not only a surgical problem but also have a profound psychosocial impact and influence on QoL. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of depression in patients with these pathologies and to highlight the need to address the psychosocial aspects of these diseases.

Methods

Data from the Disease Analyzer database of approximately 3,000 general practitioners in Germany were retrospectively analyzed. The retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with anal fissure (n = 15,467) or anorectal fistula (n = 3,520) between January 2005 and December 2022 and propensity score matched individuals without these disorders (n = 94,935). The primary outcome was a diagnosis of depression within five years of the index date. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the association between the two anorectal diseases and depression.

Results

After 5 years of follow-up, 13.0% of patients with anal fissure and 12.3% of patients with anorectal fistula were diagnosed with depression, compared with 9.7–10.3% in the control group (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between both diseases and depression (anal fissure: HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.25–1.38; anorectal fistula: HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.17–1.44).

Conclusion

The results suggest that anal fissures or anorectal fistulas are significantly associated with a subsequent depression. This highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management that addresses both physical and psychosocial aspects to improve patient outcomes.
Review and perspectives of digital twin systems for wildland fire management
Authors: Li Yizhou , Zhang Tianhang , Ding Yifei , Wadhwani Rahul , Huang Xinyan
Published: December 2024

Effective wildland fire management requires real-time access to comprehensive and distilled information from different data sources. The Digital Twin technology becomes a promising tool in optimizing the processes of wildfire prevention, monitoring, disaster response, and post-fire recovery. This review examines the potential utility of Digital Twin in wildfire management and aims to inspire further exploration and experimentation by researchers and practitioners in the fields of environment, forestry, fire ecology, and firefighting services. By creating virtual replicas of wildfire in the physical world, a Digital Twin platform facilitates data integration from multiple sources, such as remote sensing, weather forecasting, and ground-based sensors, providing a holistic view of emergency response and decision-making. Furthermore, Digital Twin can support simulation-based training and scenario testing for prescribed fire planning and firefighting to improve preparedness and response to evacuation and rescue. Successful applications of Digital Twin in wildfire management require horizontal collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, as well as enhanced resource sharing and data exchange. This review seeks a deeper understanding of future wildland fire management from a technological perspective and inspiration of future research and implementation. Further research should focus on refining and validating Digital Twin models and the integration into existing fire management operations, and then demonstrating them in real wildland fires.

Graphic abstract
Determination of climatic predictors influencing seed production in seed orchards of Korean red pine based on different regression models
Authors: Kim Yong-Yul , Ku Ja-Jung , Lim Hyo-In , Ryu Sung-Ryul , Park Ji-Min , Kim Ye-Ji , Kang Kyu-Suk
Published: December 2024

Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula, and seed orchards have supplied material needed for afforestation in South Korea. Climate variables affecting seed production have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression (MLR), elastic net regression (ENR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models. The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3% of the total variation in seed production. It showed better predictive performance (R2 = 0.662) than the EN (0.516) and the MLR (0.366) models. Among the 12 climatic variables, July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production. The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development. The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans, selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions, and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.
How generative AI Is shaping the future of marketing
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Satornino Cinthia B. , Davenport Thomas , Guha Abhijit
Published: December 2024

Generative AI (Gen AI) is shaping the future of marketing. In the next decade, Gen AI will influence how marketers interact and communicate with customers, help create and deliver marketing content (text, images, and video), and inform methods for researching and developing new products and services. In both service and sales settings, Gen AI will affect customers directly and significantly. Therefore, marketers, researchers, and public policy makers require a clear understanding of Gen AI and its potential, as well as its limitations. To assist marketers in thinking through the adoption and implementation of Gen AI, the current article presents a four-quadrant organizing framework that highlights trade-offs in both the nature of Gen AI inputs and the extent of human augmentation needed to deliver Gen AI–generated outputs. This framework provides guidance for the selection and implementation of Gen AI tools, as well as recommendations for further research.
Tidal Flooding Contributes to Eutrophication: Constraining Nonpoint Source Inputs to an Urban Estuary Using a Data-Driven Statistical Model
Authors: Macías-Tapia Alfonso , Mulholland Margaret R. , Selden Corday R. , Clayton Sophie , Bernhardt Peter W. , Allen Thomas R.
Published: December 2024

In coastal urban areas, tidal flooding brings water carrying nutrients and particles back from land to estuarine and coastal waters. A statistical model to predict nutrient loads during tidal flooding events can help estimate nutrient loading from previous and future flooding events and adapt nutrient reduction strategies. We measured concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in floodwater at seven sentinel sites during 15 tidal flooding events from January 2019 to September 2020. The study area was the Lafayette River watershed in Norfolk, VA, USA, which is prone to tidal flooding and is predicted to experience more frequent and intense flooding in the future. We calculated the difference in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ΔDIN) or phosphorus (ΔDIP) concentrations between floodwater and those measured in the estuary prior to tidal flooding for each sentinel site and flooding event. We calculated the correlations between ΔDIN and ΔDIP with corresponding data on precipitation, wind, flooding intensity, average estuarine nutrient concentrations, population density, income, land elevation, land use, and land coverage. Using the variables with the highest R
2 values for the linear regression with either ΔDIN or ΔDIP, we built multi-variable random forest regression models. ΔDIN showed the strongest correlations with floodwater nutrient concentrations, water level, and water temperature. ΔDIP also had a strong correlation with floodwater nutrient concentrations and water temperature, but had also a strong correlation wind speed. Models indicated that inputs per flooding event ranged from − 5000 to 7500 kg N, for DIN, while those for DIP ranged from 2000 to 23,000 kg P, with net inputs of > 5000 kg N and > 100,000 kg P, respectively. Removing the dissolved nutrient concentration in floodwater variables from the models, we were able to calculate loads from events that occurred all the way back to 1946. Predicted DIN load per single flooding event ranged from ~ 0 to 1.5 × 105 kg N and showed a significant linear regression with time. Predicted DIP load estimates per single flooding event ranged from >  − 1.0 × 105 to < 1.5 × 105 kg P, with a significant positive trend over time. The positive trend in these load values over time shows that they have and will continue to be an increasing problem for the water quality of the local water systems. These results indicate that further action should be taken to control the input of dissolved nutrients during tidal flooding events in urban coastal areas.
Integration of LGBTI in India: Analyzing the Ripple of Economic Development
Authors: Chawla Kanika , K. Nilavathy
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study analyzed the relationship between the social inclusion of LGBTI people and economic development. In this study, we have observed HDI and GDP per capita (PPP) in association with the LGBT + Rights and Inclusion Index for India from 1990 to 2022. The index accounts for microeconomic effects, whereas the controls account for the overall impact on the macroeconomic level.

Methods

We employ an OLS and robust least squares approach, in conjunction with the author’s developed “Inclusion Index” dataset, to examine the integration of LGBTI individuals into the Indian economy.

Results

India’s Inclusion Index scores 0.51 out of 1. Further, our study finds that an additional point on the LGBT + Rights scale of legal rights is associated with an increase in GDP per capita (PPP) of approximately $668 and a 0.035 increase in HDI value. Additionally, integrating the LGBTI community into the health, education, personal safety, and violence aspects of the Inclusion Index increases the GDP per capita (PPP) by about 0.608%, according to the approximation.

Conclusions

Combining the in-depth, subjective information on the actual experiences of LGBTI individuals with the broader statistical modeling leads to a compatible outcome—there exists an apparent relationship between LGBTI inclusiveness and the development of the economy.

Policy Implications.

By promoting LGBTI inclusivity on the microeconomic spectrum, specifically through the Inclusion Index’s dimensions, we can foster wholesome inclusivity that aligns with the macroeconomic spectrum, particularly the variables examined in the study.