bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of multimorbidity in France: Variations by gender, age and socioeconomic factors, and implications for surveillance and prevention
Authors: Coste Joël , Valderas José M. , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure
Published: April 2022

Background

Robust public health and health system response to the increasing burden of multimorbidity worldwide requires detailed epidemiological examination of its key sociodemographic and geographic determinants. We investigated the role of gender, age and socioeconomic and geographic factors on multimorbidity (i.e., having two or more conditions) in the adult population in France and examined implications for surveillance and prevention.

Methods

We used data from two large nationwide representative surveys with cross-sectional and longitudinal health and socio-demographic indicators, conducted in France between 2008 and 2014. Morbidity counts and frequent dyads/triads of conditions independently impacting mortality, activity limitations, and perceived health were investigated with regard to differences in gender, age, socioeconomic (education, occupation and income) and geography (size of the urban unit and region).

Results

The component conditions of multimorbidity varied with gender and age. Women experienced multimorbidity 23–31% more frequently and at a younger age (5–15 years earlier) than men. Multimorbidity increased with age while its associations with most health indicators weakened with it. Multimorbidity was strongly and independently associated with socioeconomic indicators, with a strong inverse dose-response relationship with education, but less consistently with geographic factors.

Conclusions

Multimorbidity has diverse and variable components and impacts across gender and age. It is strongly associated with socioeconomic factors, notably educational level, for which causality appears likely. Consideration of this diversity and variability, its common occurrence in dyads and triads, and its impact on health outcomes according to age and gender may contribute to efficient surveillance and support the identification of prevention strategies targeting middle-aged men and women.
An imbalance-aware deep neural network for early prediction of preeclampsia
Authors: Bennett Rachel , Mulla Zuber D. , Parikh Pavan , Hauspurg Alisse , Razzaghi Talayeh
Published: April 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication affecting 8-10% of US pregnancies annually. While there is no cure for PE, aspirin may reduce complications for those at high risk for PE. Furthermore, PE disproportionately affects racial minorities, with a higher burden of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown early prediction of PE would allow for prevention. We approached the prediction of PE using a new method based on a cost-sensitive deep neural network (CSDNN) by considering the severe imbalance and sparse nature of the data, as well as racial disparities. We validated our model using large extant rich data sources that represent a diverse cohort of minority populations in the US. These include Texas Public Use Data Files (PUDF), Oklahoma PUDF, and the Magee Obstetric Medical and Infant (MOMI) databases. We identified the most influential clinical and demographic features (predictor variables) relevant to PE for both general populations and smaller racial groups. We also investigated the effectiveness of multiple network architectures using three hyperparameter optimization algorithms: Bayesian optimization, Hyperband, and random search. Our proposed models equipped with focal loss function yield superior and reliable prediction performance compared with the state-of-the-art techniques with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 66.3% and 63.5% for the Texas and Oklahoma PUDF respectively, while the CSDNN model with weighted cross-entropy loss function outperforms with an AUC of 76.5% for the MOMI data. Furthermore, our CSDNN model equipped with focal loss function leads to an AUC of 66.7% for Texas African American and 57.1% for Native American. The best results are obtained with 62.3% AUC with CSDNN with weighted cross-entropy loss function for Oklahoma African American, 58% AUC with DNN and balanced batch for Oklahoma Native American, and 72.4% AUC using either CSDNN with weighted cross-entropy loss function or CSDNN with focal loss with balanced batch method for MOMI African American dataset. Our results provide the first evidence of the predictive power of clinical databases for PE prediction among minority populations.
E-scooter related injuries: Using natural language processing to rapidly search 36 million medical notes
Authors: Ioannides Kimon L. H. , Wang Pin-Chieh , Kowsari Kamran , Vu Vu , Kojima Noah , Clayton Dayna , Liu Charles , Trivedi Tarak K. , Schriger David L. , Elmore Joann G.
Published: April 2022

Background

Shareable e-scooters have become popular, but injuries to riders and bystanders have not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to describe e-scooter injuries and estimate the rate of injury per e-scooter trip.

Methods and findings

Retrospective review of patients presenting to 180 clinics and 2 hospitals in greater Los Angeles between January 1, 2014 and May 14, 2020. Injuries were identified using a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm not previously used to identify injuries, tallied, and described along with required healthcare resources. We combine these tallies with municipal data on scooter use to report a monthly utilization-corrected rate of e-scooter injuries. We searched 36 million clinical notes. Our NLP algorithm correctly classified 92% of notes in the testing set compared with the gold standard of investigator review. In total, we identified 1,354 people injured by e-scooters; 30% were seen in more than one clinical setting (e.g., emergency department and a follow-up outpatient visit), 29% required advanced imaging, 6% required inpatient admission, and 2 died. We estimate 115 injuries per million e-scooter trips were treated in our health system.

Conclusions

Our observed e-scooter injury rate is likely an underestimate, but is similar to that previously reported for motorcycles. However, the comparative severity of injuries is unknown. Our methodology may prove useful to study other clinical conditions not identifiable by existing diagnostic systems.
Surface conjugation of antibodies improves nanoparticle uptake in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Luks Valerie L. , Mandl Hanna , DiRito Jenna , Barone Christina , Freedman-Weiss Mollie R. , Ricciardi Adele S. , Tietjen Gregory G. , Egan Marie E. , Saltzman W. Mark , Stitelman David H.
Published: April 2022

Background

Advances in Molecular Therapy have made gene editing through systemic or topical administration of reagents a feasible strategy to treat genetic diseases in a rational manner. Encapsulation of therapeutic agents in nanoparticles can improve intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents, provided that the nanoparticles are efficiently taken up within the target cells. In prior work we had established proof-of-principle that nanoparticles carrying gene editing reagents can mediate site-specific gene editing in fetal and adult animals in vivo that results in functional disease improvement in rodent models of β-thalassemia and cystic fibrosis. Modification of the surface of nanoparticles to include targeting molecules (e.g. antibodies) holds the promise of improving cellular uptake and specific cellular binding.

Methods and findings

To improve particle uptake for diseases of the airway, like cystic fibrosis, our group tested the impact of nanoparticle surface modification with cell surface marker antibodies on uptake in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Binding kinetics of antibodies (Podoplanin, Muc 1, Surfactant Protein C, and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM)) were determined to select appropriate antibodies for cellular targeting. The best target-specific antibody among those screened was ICAM antibody. Surface conjugation of nanoparticles with antibodies against ICAM improved cellular uptake in bronchial epithelial cells up to 24-fold.

Conclusions

This is a first demonstration of improved nanoparticle uptake in epithelial cells using conjugation of target specific antibodies. Improved binding, uptake or specificity of particles delivered systemically or to the luminal surface of the airway would potentially improve efficacy, reduce the necessary dose and thus safety of administered therapeutic agents. Incremental improvement in the efficacy and safety of particle-based therapeutic strategies may allow genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis to be cured on a fundamental genetic level before birth or shortly after birth.
Longitudinal shear wave elasticity measurements of millimeter-sized biomaterials using a single-element transducer platform
Authors: Lu Shao-Lun , Chao Pei-Yu , Liu Wei-Wen , Han Kun , Cheng Jason Chia-Hsien , Li Pai-Chi
Published: April 2022

Temporal variations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness profoundly impact cellular behaviors, possibly more significantly than the influence of static stiffness. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with tunable matrix stiffness have been utilized to characterize the mechanobiological interactions of elasticity-mediated cellular behaviors. Conventional studies usually perform static interrogations of elasticity at micro-scale resolution. While such studies are essential for investigations of cellular mechanotransduction, few tools are available for depicting the temporal dynamics of the stiffness of the cellular environment, especially for optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials. We present a single-element transducer shear wave (SW) elasticity imaging system that is applied to a millimeter-sized, ECM-based cell-laden hydrogel. The single-element ultrasound transducer is used both to generate SWs and to detect their arrival times after being reflected from the side boundaries of the sample. The sample’s shear wave speed (SWS) is calculated by applying a time-of-flight algorithm to the reflected SWs. We use this noninvasive and technically straightforward approach to demonstrate that exposing 3D cancer cell cultures to X-ray irradiation induces a temporal change in the SWS. The proposed platform is appropriate for investigating in vitro how a group of cells remodels their surrounding matrix and how changes to their mechanical properties could affect the embedded cells in optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials.
Underrepresentation of women in computer systems research
Authors: Frachtenberg Eitan , Kaner Rhody D.
Published: April 2022

The gender gap in computer science (CS) research is a well-studied problem, with an estimated ratio of 15%–30% women researchers. However, far less is known about gender representation in specific fields within CS. Here, we investigate the gender gap in one large field, computer systems. To this end, we collected data from 72 leading peer-reviewed CS conferences, totalling 6,949 accepted papers and 19,829 unique authors (2,946 women, 16,307 men, the rest unknown). We combined these data with external demographic and bibliometric data to evaluate the ratio of women authors and the factors that might affect this ratio. Our main findings are that women represent only about 10% of systems researchers, and that this ratio is not associated with various conference factors such as size, prestige, double-blind reviewing, and inclusivity policies. Author research experience also does not significantly affect this ratio, although author country and work sector do. The 10% ratio of women authors is significantly lower than the 16% in the rest of CS. Our findings suggest that focusing on inclusivity policies alone cannot address this large gap. Increasing women’s participation in systems research will require addressing the systemic causes of their exclusion, which are even more pronounced in systems than in the rest of CS.
Individual and healthcare supply-related HIV transmission factors in HIV-positive patients enrolled in the antiretroviral treatment access program in the Centre and Littoral regions in Cameroon (ANRS-12288 EVOLCam survey)
Authors: Coulaud Pierre-julien , Sow Abdourahmane , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Ndiaye Khadim , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Laurent Christian , Spire Bruno , Vidal Laurent , Kuaban Christopher , Boyer Sylvie ,   for the EVOLCam Group
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite great progress in antiretroviral treatment (ART) access in recent decades, HIV incidence remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the role of individual and healthcare supply-related factors in HIV transmission risk in HIV-positive adults enrolled in 19 HIV services in the Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon.

Methods

Factors associated with HIV transmission risk (defined as both unstable aviremia and inconsistent condom use with HIV-negative or unknown status partners) were identified using a multi-level logistic regression model. Besides socio-demographic and behavioral individual variables, the following four HIV-service profiles, identified using cluster analysis, were used in regression analyses as healthcare supply-related variables: 1) district services with large numbers of patients, almost all practicing task-shifting and not experiencing antiretroviral drugs (ARV) stock-outs (n = 4); 2) experienced and well-equipped national reference services, most practicing task-shifting and not experiencing ARV stock-outs (n = 5); 3) small district services with limited resources and activities, almost all experiencing ARV stock-outs (n = 6); 4) small district services with a wide range of activities and half not experiencing ARV stock-outs (n = 4).

Results

Of the 1372 patients (women 67%, median age [Interquartile]: 39 [33–44] years) reporting sexual activity in the previous 12 months, 39% [min-max across HIV services: 25%-63%] were at risk of transmitting HIV. The final model showed that being a woman (adjusted Odd Ratio [95% Confidence Interval], p-value: 2.13 [1.60–2.82], p<0.001), not having an economic activity (1.34 [1.05–1.72], p = 0.019), having at least two sexual partners (2.45 [1.83–3.29], p<0.001), reporting disease symptoms at HIV diagnosis (1.38 [1.08–1.75], p = 0.011), delayed ART initiation (1.32 [1.02–1.71], p = 0.034) and not being ART treated (2.28 [1.48–3.49], p<0.001) were all associated with HIV transmission risk. Conversely, longer time since HIV diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of transmitting HIV (0.96 [0.92–0.99] per one-year increase, p = 0.024). Patients followed in the third profile had a higher risk of transmitting HIV (1.71 [1.05–2.79], p = 0.031) than those in the first profile.

Conclusions

Healthcare supply constraints, including limited resources and ARV supply chain deficiency may impact HIV transmission risk. To reduce HIV incidence, HIV services need adequate resources to relieve healthcare supply-related barriers and provide suitable support activities throughout the continuum of care.
International consultation on incontinence questionnaire – Urinary incontinence short form ICIQ-UI SF: Validation of its use in a Danish speaking population of municipal employees
Authors: Grøn Jensen Lærke Cecilie , Boie Sidsel , Axelsen Susanne
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Worldwide, the estimated prevalence of urinary incontinence is 8.7%. Urinary incontinence is more frequent in women than in men. Posing the right questions is crucial, when diagnosing urinary incontinence, but also to evaluate the need of treatment and treatment effect. Therefore, reliable and validated questionnaires within this area are needed. Even though the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) has been used on a daily basis in the Danish Urogynaecological Database since 2006, it has not yet been validated in a Danish population of both men and women.

Objective

To test the reliability and validity of the Danish version of the ICIQ-UI SF in a Danish speaking population of men and women among municipal employees.

Methods

Content validity was evaluated with semi-structured interviews. A quantitative field test was performed, in which the questionnaire was distributed electronically to municipal workers by E-mail. Statistical methods included item characteristics (missings, kurtosis and skewness), internal consistency (Chronbach’s alfa), test-retest (ICC), construct validity (known group validation), and floor and ceiling effect.

Results

A number of 1814 Danish municipal workers completed the questionnaire. Of the total number of responders, 426 were invited to complete the questionnaire twice (for test-retest) and 215 (50.5%) of these completed the questions again two weeks later. Statistical analyses of the ICIQ-UI SF demonstrated no floor and ceiling effects, skewness was zero and kurtosis 0.00–0.49. Cronbach’s alfa was 0.87 and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.73. Two out of three hypotheses were accepted in the known-groups validation.

Conclusion

This study offers an adaptation of the ICIQ-UI SF to a Danish setting. The Danish ICIQ-UI SF demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. However, clinicians should consider the relatively high measurement error.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes reveals phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific variation in the medicinal plant Isodon rubescens
Authors: Lian Conglong , Yang Hao , Lan Jinxu , Zhang Xueyu , Zhang Fei , Yang Jingfan , Chen Suiqing
Published: April 2022

Isodon rubescens (Hemsley) H. Hara (Lamiaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant that has been used to treat various human diseases and conditions such as inflammation, respiratory and gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and malignant tumors. However, the contents of the main active components of I. rubescens from different origins differ significantly, which greatly affected its quality. Therefore, a molecular method to identify and classify I. rubescens is needed. Here, we report the DNA sequence of the chloroplast genome of I. rubescens collected from Lushan, Henan province. The genome is 152,642 bp in length and has a conserved structure that includes a pair of IR regions (25,726 bp), a LSC region (83,527 bp) and a SSC region (17,663 bp). The chloroplast genome contains 113 unique genes, four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 79 protein-coding genes, 23 of which contain introns. The protein-coding genes account for a total of 24,412 codons, and most of them are A/T biased usage. We identified 32 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 48 long repeats. Furthermore, we developed valuable chloroplast molecular resources by comparing chloroplast genomes from three Isodon species, and both mVISTA and DnaSP analyses showed that rps16-trnQ, trnS-trnG, and ndhC-trnM are candidate regions that will allow the identification of intraspecific differences within I. rubescens. Also 14 candidate fragments can be used to identify interspecific differences between species in Isodon. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of 24 species in subfamily Nepetoideae was performed using the maximum likelihood method, and shows that I. rubescens clustered closer to I. serra than I. lophanthoides. Interestingly, our analysis showed that I. rubescens (MW018469.1) from Xianyang, Shaanxi Province (IR-X), is closer to I. serra than to the other two I. rubescens accessions. These results strongly indicate that intraspecific diversity is present in I. rubescens. Therefore, our results provide further insight into the phylogenetic relationships and interspecific diversity of species in the genus Isodon.
The WOPR family protein Ryp1 is a key regulator of gene expression, development, and virulence in the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Coccidioides posadasii
Authors: Mandel M. Alejandra , Beyhan Sinem , Voorhies Mark , Shubitz Lisa F. , Galgiani John N. , Orbach Marc J. , Sil Anita
Published: April 2022

Coccidioides spp. are mammalian fungal pathogens endemic to the Southwestern US and other desert regions of Mexico, Central and South America, with the bulk of US infections occurring in California and Arizona. In the soil, Coccidioides grows in a hyphal form that differentiates into 3–5 micron asexual spores (arthroconidia). When arthroconidia are inhaled by mammals they undergo a unique developmental transition from polar hyphal growth to isotropic expansion with multiple rounds of nuclear division, prior to segmentation, forming large spherules filled with endospores. Very little is understood about the molecular basis of spherule formation. Here we characterize the role of the conserved transcription factor Ryp1 in Coccidioides development. We show that Coccidioides Δryp1 mutants have altered colony morphology under hypha-promoting conditions and are unable to form mature spherules under spherule-promoting conditions. We analyze the transcriptional profile of wild-type and Δryp1 mutant cells under hypha- and spherule-promoting conditions, thereby defining a set of hypha- or spherule-enriched transcripts (“morphology-regulated” genes) that are dependent on Ryp1 for their expression. Forty percent of morphology-regulated expression is Ryp1-dependent, indicating that Ryp1 plays a dual role in both hyphal and spherule development. Ryp1-dependent transcripts include key virulence factors such as SOWgp, which encodes the spherule outer wall glycoprotein. Concordant with its role in spherule development, we find that the Δryp1 mutant is completely avirulent in the mouse model of coccidioidomycosis, indicating that Ryp1-dependent pathways are essential for the ability of Coccidioides to cause disease. Vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with live Δryp1 spores does not provide any protection from lethal C. posadasii intranasal infection, consistent with our findings that the Δryp1 mutant fails to make mature spherules and likely does not express key antigens required for effective vaccination. Taken together, this work identifies the first transcription factor that drives mature spherulation and virulence in Coccidioides.
Power grab in a pandemic: Media, lawfare and policy in Myanmar
Authors: Brooten Lisa
Published: April 2022

The 1 February 2021 coup d’etat in Myanmar did more than force the country’s journalists and other media makers to operate under extreme conditions to continue their work, and win back the space for freedom of expression and the press lost to them. The coup also provoked a massive cultural shift, and the country’s independent media are playing a key role. After a half century of military dictatorship, a decade of much-lauded democratic opening (2011–20) prior to the coup had ushered in game-changing developments to the media landscape. Yet since the coup, the junta and its appointed State Administrative Council (SAC) have inflicted the kinds of brutalities in response to peaceful protesters that the military has used for decades with impunity against the country’s ethnic minorities, all justified, they claim, to ensure ‘the rule of law’ and ‘law and order’. The SAC has also attempted complete control over Myanmar’s media, cutting off at various times nearly all internet and mobile access. This included Facebook, Twitter and other apps, thereby silencing the country’s independent media or forcing them into forms of self-censorship, hiding or exile, and allowing only a military-controlled narrative of unfolding events through military- and state-run media. Yet the independent media sector has not only survived, it has proven to be a key voice in efforts to thwart the regime’s attempts to control public mediated space. This article explores the various approaches to media policy-making in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic and the aftermath of the coup, as employed by the military, the elected but later overthrown National League for Democracy government, various key components of the pro-democracy forces, and international aid and advocacy organizations working to increase freedom of expression and the press. It draws from interviews with key media policy-makers, journalists, academics and free expression advocates, and analyses of content from the (now) junta-controlled Global New Light of Myanmar and other key documents. It explores the various approaches taken and lessons learned by key stakeholders working to control or change public discourse and freedom of expression and the press in the country.
Resistência Patriótica e Revolução Liberal 1808-1820
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina
Published: April 2022

Este livro centra-se na história política e das ideias e explora discursos de um tempo marcado pela eclosão e pela memória da Revolução Francesa. A sua autora adota uma perspetiva transnacional e mostra que a temporalidade revolucionária, reavivada pelas campanhas napoleónicas na Península Ibérica, foi revestindo manifestações polissémicas e conflituais. Explora também os fatores convergentes do processo político peninsular e, na enunciação conflitual do campo político, confirma a permanência de crenças e símbolos profundamente enraizados na sociedade portuguesa. Estes aspetos são estudados no contexto social, cultural e institucional do início do século XIX em Portugal. O livro convida à revisitação e revisão crítica de questões centrais e surge no quadro da evocação do Bicentenário da Revolução de 1820 e do Constitucionalismo Português.
Calidad de las aguas superficiales en sistemas kársticos. Un estudio de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Formoso, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul – Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Rafael Brugnolli , Berezuk André Geraldo , Pinto André Luiz , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: April 2022

Analizar las particularidades que rodean un sistema kárstico es el objetivo principal de este estudio. La cuenca del río Formoso presenta desequilibrios en la relación sociedad-naturaleza, que se materializan en el uso de los cursos hídricos, cuya belleza escénica de sus aguas viene presentando un aumento de su turbidez e indicios de contaminación. Por esta razón este trabajo se propone analizar y clasificar las aguas superficiales según la resolución del Consejo Nacional del Medio Ambiente, un instrumento de la legislación ambiental brasileña. Se analizaron los parámetros físico-químicos y la velocidad del flujo en treinta y seis puntos de colecta. Los resultados demuestran que las aguas insertas en este karst presentan concentraciones químicas de calcio, magnesio y carbonato, que condicionan en ellas particularidades especiales como son: alta conductividad, alcalinidad y baja turbidez. En contrapartida, hay puntos donde se registra contaminación por monocultivos, pastos y zonas urbanas. Se considera que el estudio y sus resultados contribuirán en tres sentidos: en la comprensión de las particularidades que rigen el agua que atraviesa el karst; en los impactos del uso antrópico sobre los recursos hídricos; y en la planificación territorial en un karst que tiene importantes valores ambientales, turísticos, económicos y sociales para el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
Development Of An Integrated ANN-GIS Framework For Inland Excess Water Monitoring
Authors: Van Leeuwen Boudewijn , Tobak Zalán , Szatmári József
Published: April 2022

Inland excess water on the Great Hungarian plain is an environmental and economic problem that has attracted a lot of scientific attention. Most studies have tried to identify the phenomena that cause inland excess water and combined them using regression functions or other linear statistical analysis. In this article, a different approach using a combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and geographic information systems (GIS) is proposed. ANNs are particularly suitable for classifying large complex non-linear data sets, while GIS has very strong capabilities for geographic analysis. An integrated framework has been developed at our department that can be used to process inland excess water related data sets and use them for training and simulation with different types of ANNs. At the moment the framework is used with a very high resolution LIDAR digital elevation model, colour infrared digital aerial photographs and in-situ fieldwork measurements. The results of the simulations show that the framework is operational and capable of identifying inland excess water inundations.
Documentary evidence on weather conditions and a possible crisis in 1315-1317
Authors: Vadas András
Published: April 2022

In the last decades, climate variabilites of the fourteenth century gained great interest and became a subject of numerous research papers. Due to the relative lack of sources referring to the climate of the Carpathian Basin, merely based on written evidences continuous climate reconstruction of the period is not possible. Nevertheless, there are cases when, due to available contemporary evidence, still some conclusions can be drawn. In this paper an investigation is carried out on one specific environmental crisis characterized by several flood events of European rivers caused by repeated abundant rainfalls; moreover, summer and winter temperatures were lower than the average of the preceding century. As a result of unfavorable environmental and economic conditions, a great number of Western and Central European sources reported on famines caused by the destruction of cereals. Mainly based on Austrian and Czech narratives as well as Hungarian charters, in the present paper an attempt was made to collect all the available sources on prevailing weather conditions and their possible effects in the Hungarian Kingdom mainly referring to the period of 1315-1317.
Floods and weather in 1342 and 1343 in the Carpathian basin
Authors: Kiss Andrea
Published: April 2022

Concerning weather, weather-related extremes and catastrophic consequences, 1342 was an extraordinary year in most parts of Central Europe, even in such an extraordinary decade as the 1340s. Accounting with the seven flood events (including one Danube flood) mainly of great magnitude, at present 1342 is the most important known flood year of medieval Hungary. Moreover, in this year extraordinary weather conditions, such as a mid-autumn snowcover were also reported. However, in the eastern parts of the Carpathian basin not only 1342 but also 1343 was a significant flood year with six reports on flood events occurred in the upper and upper middle sections of the Tisza catchment. In the present study, an overview of these events is provided, based on the information preserved in the most typical contemporary, well-dated source type of medieval Hungary, namely charters. The aim of the study is, on the one hand, to draw attention to the flood and weatherrelated evidence found in charters, and to provide a methodological background for further evaluation and utilisation of this source type in historical weather and flood research, through the very typical example of the years of 1342 and 1343. On the other hand, another aim is to discuss and analyse the unique nature of these two years in medieval Hungary, and (beyond the well-known year of 1342) to draw attention to the, up to now somewhat neglected, year of 1343.
ABORDAGENS DO CONTEÚDO DE GEOGRAFIA FÍSICA PRESENTES NO SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA FÍSICA APLICADA (SBGFA): SESSÃO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA - EDIÇÕES 2003-2019
Authors: Pereira Alicia de Oliveira Moreira , Souza Carla Juscélia de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

Esta pesquisa investigou os artigos da sessão Ensino de Geografia Física nos anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Geografia Física Aplicada, edições 2017 e 2019. O objetivo foi verificar as abordagens e tendências presentes em seus conteúdos. A discussão considerou os resultados de pesquisas realizadas anteriormente e autores que abordam a trajetória da Geografia Física no Brasil e a questão dos conteúdos da Geografia Física no contexto da Geografia Escolar. A pesquisa investigou 60 artigos da edição de 2017 e 143 do evento de 2019, considerando: origem institucional do trabalho; subáreas da Geografia; tipo de trabalho, entre outros aspectos. A pesquisa adotou a classificação proposta por Clemente e Souza (2014) para a análise e classificação de seus conteúdos. Nos textos, os assuntos referem-se ao conteúdo de Geomorfologia, Climatologia, Biogeografia, Pedologia, Hidrologia,  à questões relacionadas com a Cartografia, Geotecnologia, Análise Ambiental e Educação Ambiental. A questão ambiental permanece evidente nas propostas pedagógicas. Mas, começam a aparecer as abordagens Geodiversidade, Cartografia tátil e Riscos, não identificados nas edições anteriores.
QUESTÃO AGRÁRIA E AS AÇÕES ATUAIS DA BANCADA RURALISTA NO GOVERNO FEDERAL
Authors: Melo Danilo Souza , Leonardo Letícia Alves , Nardoque Sedeval
Published: April 2022

A propriedade privada da terra concentrada está intrinsicamente associada ao poder político e econômico ao longo da história do Brasil, sobretudo em tempos mais recentes. Diante dessa realidade, este trabalho objetiva analisar políticos eleitos nas eleições gerais de 2014, no caso de parte das cadeiras do Senado, e de 2018, pertencentes ou não à bancada ruralista, mas com estreitas relações e ações junto à agricultura capitalista, a partir da propriedade capitalista da terra. Objetiva-se ainda analisar as propriedades pertencentes a políticos e analisar as suas distribuições pelo Brasil. A bancada ruralista é considerada uma das mais fortes no Congresso brasileiro, de sustentação da agricultura capitalista e setores interligados (agronegócio), composta por políticos de todas as regiões do país, atuando em torno de pautas favoráveis às suas demandas. Para subsidiar a análise, buscou-se as declarações de bens feitas pelos políticos eleitos ao Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) e as informações sobre a propriedade da terra dos parlamentares retiradas do Sistema de Gestão Fundiária (SIGEF), do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). Dados sobre a estrutura fundiária do INCRA foram utilizados para demonstrar a violência da concentração de terras no Brasil e sua manutenção ao longo dos anos.
POLÍTICA HABITACIONAL, TRAMAS E “INVISIBILIDADE” DOS MOVIMENTOS DE LUTA POR MORADIA NAS CIDADES MÉDIAS
Authors: Da Silva Cleiton Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Este artigo problematiza a política habitacional contemporânea e o impacto na produção e consumo de habitação nas cidades médias, bem como a inexpressividade de movimentos sociais sem-tetos organizados e a ausência de certa combatividade, seja na participação de conselhos municipais, na contraposição a um modelo essencialmente de mercado ou na disputa de locais para moradias com melhor localização e infraestrutura urbana. O objetivo aqui é tensionar como a política pública de habitação e as tramas políticas locais, tem rebatido nas ações e práticas dos movimentos de luta por habitação nas cidades analisadas. Este trabalho é resultante, portanto, das primeiras reflexões a partir de um projeto de pesquisa que está sendo desenvolvido denominado “Fragmentação socioespacial e urbanização brasileira: escalas, vetores, ritmos e formas”.
For an Ecosocialist Degrowth
Authors: Löwy Michael , Akbulut Bengi , Fernandes Sabrina , Kallis Giorgos
Published: April 2022

Degrowth and ecosocialism are two of the most important movements—and proposals—on the radical side of the ecological spectrum.
Nano Ferrite Incorporated Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) /Poly (Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) Blend: Preparation and Investigation of Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties
Authors: Mohammed Ali Jasim , Al-nesrawy Sameer H.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the ferrite Cux Ni1-x FeO3 when (x=0.1) has been prepared by the co-precipitation method and examined through the XRD -diffraction and confirming the face center cubic spinel phase (FCC) which attributed to the ferrite and found that these materials was Nano-scale. Then with different content of ferrite nanoparticle (1, 3and 5 wt.%) additive to the (PVP/PVA) polymer matrix to synthesis (PVP/PVA/ferrite) nanocomposite by using casting method and study the Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis. Spectrophotometer. The FTIR confirming that there is no interactions between (PVP/PVA) polymer matrix and ferrite nanoparticles for all the sample prepared. From FESEM, the uniform morphology dispersed of ferrite inside the PVP/PVA blend with spherically shaped nanoparticles and the average grain size increased with increasing of concentration of ferrite. The absorption, absorption coefficient, transmittance and indirect energy band gap has been investigate.
Efficiency of the Fungi Baeuveria Bassiana, Lecanicillum Muscarium, Metarhizium Acridum, ISARIA Fumorovosea to Control the Lace Bug
Authors: AL-Amry Ahmed Ouda Lfta , AL-Dahwi Sindab Sami Jassim
Published: April 2022

The laboratory study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Plant Protection / Integrated Management of Production and Plant Protection projects. The study aimed to determine and the effectiveness of some biological factors (pathogenic fungi) on the nymphs and adults of the Stephanitis Pyri (Fabricius). The results of the study showed the variation in the rates of killing of fungi on the different stages of the insect S. pyri, as its nymphs were affected for a shorter period of time than the adults. The Metarhizium acridum at a concentration of 1 x 710 spores/ml was superior in its effect on nymphs, so the killing rate was 100%, While the killing rate of Beauveria bassiana was 93.8%, while that of Isaria fumosorosea was 87.5%, and the fungus Lecanicillum muscarium had a killing rate of 75%, with the same concentration as before. As for its effect on the adult role at the same concentration and time period, the killing rate was 70.6, 64.7, 52.9 and 58.8%, respectively, for the mentioned preparations.
Utilization of Smart Irrigation for Different Irrigation Systems on the Growth and Production of Different Rice Cultivars
Authors: Nayef Hussam H. , A. Jasim Abdul Razzak
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at one of the research stations of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the summer agricultural season of 2021, to evdluate the utilization of smart irrigation systems with dry planting and its impact on the growth and production of three local rice cultivar treatment. for irrigation systems in cluded: subsurface and surface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and flood irrigation, and three local cultivar treatment of rice Anber 33, Jasmine and Furat were studied. The characters studied were irrigation system capacity, irrigation system efficiency, plant height, and rice yield. The experiment was carried out using a nested design, according to a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications .The results were statistically analyzed and the least significant difference LSD was used at the level of 0.05 to compare the averages of the treatments. The results indicate that the surface drip irrigation system outperformed in obtaining the highest dripping discharge stood 3.03 l. h-1. subsurface irrigation system obtained the highest irrigation efficiency stood 93.0%. The flood irrigation system obtained the highest plant height stood 80.66 cm and the highest yield reached stood 3.424 tons ha-1. The Anber 33 cultivar achieved the highest irrigation flow in the flood irrigation that reached stood 114.4 l. h-1, the highest irrigation efficiency achieved by Furat cultivar which was stood 82.2%, and the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest plant height of 91.67 cm and the highest yield stood 3.873 tons ha-1. Jasmine cultivar treatment the highest discharge in the sprinkler irrigation capacity was stood 23.28 l. h-1, the highest discharge in the hydraulic dripper was stood 3.04 l. h-1. The two-way interaction between the flood irrigation system and Anber 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest plant height stood 110.7 cm and the highest yield stood 4.043 tons. ha-1.. The sub-surface drip irrigation system in the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest irrigation efficiency of 93.6%. the surface drip irrigation system in the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest discharge of drippers which reached 3.05 l . h-1. Subsurface drip irrigation in Jasmine cultivar treatment achieved the highest dripping discharge stood 3.05 l. h -1.
Histomorfometri Hepar Itik Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) setelah Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dalam Pakan yang Dikombinasikan dengan Paparan Cahaya
Authors: Latifah Arif Nur , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: April 2022

Hepar merupakan salah satu organ vital pada metabolisme aves. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penambahan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan yang dikombinasikan dengan paparan cahaya terhadap histomorfometri hepar itik pekin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4×2. Faktor utama berupa konsentrasi tepung daun kelor (0, 2, 4, dan 6%) dan  warna lampu (putih dan hijau). Itik pekin yang digunakan berjumlah 48 ekor. Variabel pengukuran antara lain bobot hepar, bobot badan, indek hepatosomatik, dan diameter hepatosit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dua arah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa paparan cahaya dengan kombinasi tepung daun kelor tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P>0,05) pada bobot hepar, bobot badan, dan indek hepatosomatik, namun berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) pada diameter hepatosit. Masing-masing faktor utama warna cahaya atau tepung daun kelor tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada semua variabel. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan yang dikombinasikan dengan paparan cahaya dapat meningkatkan ukuran diameter hepatosit dan memicu proliferasi sel–sel hepatosit. Proliferasi hepatosit mengarah pada regenerasi hepatosit terdapat pada kelompok 6% tepung daun kelor yang dikombinasikan dengan cahaya putih ataupun cahaya hijau. The liver is one of the vital organs in avian metabolism. This research aimed to analyzed the inclusion of Moringa leaf flour in feed with light exposure on the liver histomorphometry of Pekin ducks. This study used a completely Randomized Design in 2×4 arrangement, with main factors, the first factor was concentrations of Moringa flour and the second factor was color of light. Forty-eight Pekin ducks were used in this research. The variables measured in this research were liver weight, body weight, hepatosomatic index, and hepatocyte diameter. The data obtained were analyze using two-way Analysis of Variance. The light exposure with a combination of Moringa leaf flour had no significant effect on liver weight, body weight, and hepatosomatic index, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on hepatocyte diameter. Meanwhile, the main factor, either light color or Moringa leaf flour had no significant effect on all variables. The conclusion of this study is Moringa leaf powder in the diet combined with light exposure could affect the histomorphometry of the liver which is characterized by an increase in hepatocyte cell diameter and the proliferation of hepatocyte cells. Liver cell proliferation leading to hepatocyte regeneration was found in the 6% group of Moringa leaf flour combined with white or green light.
The Effectiveness of Biosorbent from Chicken’s Egg Shell and Durian Peel towards the Quality of Biodiesel Product from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Kristanto Dwi , Pudjihastuti Isti , Amalia Rizka
Published: April 2022

Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil  with 85 - 90% of the world's total palm oil production. The consumption of palm oil in Indonesia  is increasing every year, thus the waste are also  increase. Waste cooking oil contains carcinogenic substances which causes various diseases. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly substitute fuel for diesel made from vegetable oil as raw material. Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel production, but it needs to be purified before further processing. Chicken egg shell contains 90% of CaCO3 can be used as a biosorbent of used cooking oil. Durian skin contains 50% - 60% of cellulose also has the potential as a biosorbent. This research was conducted to investigated the effectiveness of the combination of chicken egg shell biosorbent with durian skin for the purification process of used cooking oil as a raw material of biodiesel. Biosorbent was produced by carbonization process in a furnace at a temperature of 550oC for durian skin and 9000C for chicken egg shells. The results show that the acid number of used cooking oil has met the parameters of the SNI 3741: 2013, namely 0.43 mgKOH / gr and FFA levels of 0.0024% with a yield of 62.76%. The purified cooking oil was then continued with the transesterification process to produced biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained had the cetane numbers B100 of 33.8 and B30 of 45.2.
Tretera, J. R. – Horák, Z. Církevní právo
Authors: Novák Marek
Published: April 2022

Book review: Tretera, J. R. – Horák, Z. Církevní právo. 2nd ed. Praha: Leges, 2021, 440 p.
Zpráva z konference „Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes“
Authors: Dobeš Milan
Published: April 2022

Conference report
Scholarly Potential of the Lviv Interwar Romanist Community
Authors: Nancka Grzegorz
Published: April 2022

This article presents the scholarly activity of two generations of researchers focusing on Roman law, associated professionally with the Lviv university in the interwar period. First, it shows the attainments of Leon Piniński and Marceli Chlamtacz. Then, it focuses on the attainments of a younger generation of Lviv scholars, including Wacław Osuchowski and Edward Gintowt. The presentation of the activities of these scholars made it possible to demonstrate the scholarly potential of the Lviv interwar Romanist community, which was one of the leading centers of research on Roman law in interwar Poland, if not the most important one.
Vzpomínka na prof. Boháčka
Authors: Skřejpek Michal
Published: April 2022

Memory of Prof. Miroslav Boháček.
Mystery Shopping in der Chatauskunft: Entwicklung eines Kriterienkatalogs
Authors: Stecker Sandra
Published: April 2022

Das Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Kriterienkatalogs zur Evaluierung der Mystery-Shopping-Erfahrung innerhalb der Chatauskunft. Die Prüfung der Eignung des Katalogs erfolgt mittels eines Pretests an ausgewählten Universitätsbibliotheken in Nordrhein-Westfalen und dient einer Überarbeitung der Kriterien, die Rückschlüsse aus den Erfahrungswerten miteinbezieht.
Beschwerdemanagement in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken
Authors: Murmann Eva
Published: April 2022

Die Herausforderung für Bibliotheken und ihre Mitarbeiter:innen besteht darin, Konfliktsituationen zu identifizieren, zu analysieren und sie durch präventive Maßnahmen zu umgehen. Der Einbezug der Mitarbeiter:innen für eine effiziente Deeskalationsstrategie ist dabei von höchster Wichtigkeit. Konflikt(-lösungs)modelle helfen, interaktive Beschwerdesituationen zu verstehen und können eine qualitative Verbesserung der Kundenbindung erbringen sowie zur Prozessoptimierung beitragen.
Selbstverständlich vielfältig. Aus einem internen Diversity-Schulungsprozess entsteht eine Aktionsreihe zur Diversität in Kinderbüchern
Authors: Reeder-Dertnig Waltraud
Published: April 2022

Im Rahmen des Programms 360° – Fonds für Kulturen der neuen Stadtgesellschaft der Kulturstiftung des Bundes hat die Stadtbibliothek Köln zusammen mit einer Beratungsorganisation eine Diversity-Schulungsreihe für Mitarbeitende konzipiert und durchgeführt. Im Rahmen dieses Prozesses entstand aus dem Kreis der Teilnehmenden der Wunsch, sich mit dem als relevant identifizierten Thema „Diversität in Kinderbüchern“ weiter zu beschäftigen und es anschließend in die Öffentlichkeit zu tragen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Weg von der Diversity-Schulung bis zur praktischen Umsetzung des Themas in einer Aktionsreihe darstellt.
Bibliotheca Somnia – die digitale Zaubererschule der Stadtbibliothek Weinheim
Authors: Ebel Elisabeth , Sonnenfeld Anna
Published: April 2022

Während der Corona-Krise entwickelten die Mitarbeiterinnen der Stadtbibliothek Weinheim eine digitale Zaubererschule. So gab es für die Weinheimer Kinder trotz aller Einschränkungen einen aufregenden Sommer, der für Abwechslung sorgte. Alle paar Tage gab es magische Aufgaben zu lösen, für die es Punkte für das eigene Haus gab. Am Ende konnte jedes Kind einen kleinen Preis gewinnen.