bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crypto Currency and its Susceptibility to Speculative Bubbles, Manipulation, Scams and Fraud
Authors: BARNES Paul
Published: February 2019

It is argued here that because a cryptocurrency has no intrinsic value, problems relating to day-to-day valuation and pricing arise. It is shown how these lead to the reversal of the conventional relationship between supply and demand and the susceptibility of the cryptocurrency markets to irrationality and speculative bubbles arising from the herding instinct. Also, as the cryptocurrency markets are largely free of regulation and the desire for privacy by founders, owners and developers is so great, accountability and disclosure requirements are either minimal or non-existent, leading to the manipulation of cryptocurrency prices, volume and market capitalisation information. Another consequence of their freedom from regulation, particularly surprising given the importance placed on their security through the use of blockchain, is the magnitude of thefts of cryptocurrency (both in terms of frequency and size) levels of which would neither be expected nor tolerated in regulated financial markets.
Descriptive Analysis of The Articles Published in The Last 10 Years Within The Context of Lifelong Learning
Authors: KILIÇ Ahmet Emre , YILMAZ Ramazan
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze in a descriptive way the published work within the context of lifelong learning in the last decade. For this purpose, the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI and A&HCI citation indexes in the Web of Science database were used. The following search terms were used as appropriate: “Lifelong Learning” and “Life-long Learning”. A total of 297 articles were found in the search results and these studies were analyzed according to the journal they published, the language, the research methods and their participants. This research was prepared using the document review technique within the scope of the survey research model. The data were collected by a form developed by the researcher. The collected data are analyzed descriptively and the results were shown graphically. According to findings, it can be said that the articles were published in 205 different journals, the English language was used the most, the most qualitative methods were preferred as the research method and the participants concentrated on very different samples. It is expected that this research will be a guide for future researches, since such researches on the field of lifelong learning are rarely seen in the literature.
Isolasi dan Uji Antibakteri Senyawa Terpenoid Ekstrak N-Heksana Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata)
Authors: Laksono Fajar Budi , Fachriyah Enny , Kusrini Dewi
Published: February 2019

Tanaman lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata) merupakan tanaman obat yang termasuk dalam famili Zingiberacea dan banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman obat untuk penyakit tenggorokan, rematik, dan sakit kepala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi terpenoid dari rimpang lengkuas merah dan menganalisis hasil isolasinya menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan GC-MS serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri senyawa terpenoid dengan menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum dengan metode difusi cakram. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan cara maserasi serbuk rimpang lengkuas merah dengan pelarut etanol. Ekstrak etanol kemudian dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana. Setelah itu, ekstrak n-heksana dianalisis mengguanak KLT dan Kromatografi kolom. Fraksi yang positif terhadap terpenoid kemudian dilakukan KLT preperatif dan uji kemurnian. Dari hasil analisis FTIR dan GC-MS dari isolat terpenoid, disimpulkan bahwa senyawa terpenoid yang diperoleh dari proses isolasi rimpang lengkuas merah adalah senyawa 3,7,11-trimetil-1,6,10-dodekatrien-3-ol atau nerolidol. Isolat terpenoid kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi 5%, 1%, dan 0,5% dan tidak memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli dan Salmonella typhi.
Pengaruh Temperatur Kalsinasi pada Modifikasi Lempung dengan Oksida Aluminium sebagai Pemilar
Authors: Nugroho Wahyu Sri Kunto , Suseno Ahmad , Priyono Priyono
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh temperatur kalsinasi pada modifikasi lempung dengan oksida aluminium sebagai pemilar menggunakan metode pilarisasi tak langsung. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa jenis lempung yang digunakan adalah Ca-montmorilonit (Ca-MMT). Modifikasi montmorilonit menggunakan surfaktan CTAB berhasil dilakukan dengan peningkatan nilai basal spacing d001 sebesar 0,47 nm. Temperatur kalsinasi pada modifikasi montmorilonit dengan oksida aluminium sebagai pemilar di atas 350°C menyebabkan bidang d001 montmorilonit rusak. Produk Al2O3-MMT yang dikalsinasi menggunakan temperatur 350°C memiliki nilai basal spacing d001 sebesar 1,28 nm.
Pengaruh Pelarut pada Rendemen Sintesis Senyawa Kompleks Bis-Asetilasetonatotembaga(II)
Authors: Paramitha Laksmi Dewi , Suhartana Suhartana , Pardoyo Pardoyo
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pelarut pada rendemen sintesis senyawa kompleks bis-asetilasetonatotembaga(II). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa kompleks bis-asetilasetonatotembaga(II) dengan pelarut metanol, aseton, dan kloroform, menentukan pelarut terbaik untuk sintesis dan membandingkan rendemen hasil sintesis pada pelarut yang berbeda. Senyawa kompleks bis-[Cu(acac)2] disintesis dengan mencampurkan CuSO4.5H2O dan ligan asetilaseton dalam pelarut metanol, aseton dan kloroform. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa endapan berwarna biru. Hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bis-[Cu(acac)2] dalam beberapa pelarut mempunyai panjang gelombang 654-657 nm. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya atom O dari ligan asetilaseton terkoordinasi dengan atom pusat Cu(II) pada bilangan gelombang 455,2 cm-1. Rendemen senyawa kompleks paling banyak diperoleh pada senyawa kompleks bis-[Cu(acac)2] dalam pelarut aseton yaitu sebesar 2,50 gram.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kitinase Isolat Jamur Akuatik Kitinolitik KC3 dari Kecoa (Orthoptera)
Authors: Karso Karso , Wuryanti Wuryanti , Sriatun Sriatun
Published: February 2019

Isolasi dan karakterisasi kitinase dari isolat jamur akuatik kitinolitik KC3 hasil isolasi bangkai kecoa telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kitinase dari isolat jamur akuatik KC3 dan mendapatkan informasi karakter kitinase hasil isolasi yang meliputi pH optimum dan suhu optimum. Kitinase adalah enzim kompleks terdiri dari endokitinase, kitobiosidase dan N-asetilglukosaminidase. Media produksi mengandung kitin koloidal sebagai inducer. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan amonium sulfat sampai tingkat kejenuhan 90% (F5). Aktivitas kitinase diukur dengan metode Ueda-Arai berdasarkan pengurangan substrat. Aktivitas spesifik paling tinggi diperoleh pada fraksi satu (F1) yaitu sebesar 73,258 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi kitinase diperoleh profil pH optimum kitinase pada pH 3,8 sedangkan profil suhunya diperoleh dua puncak yaitu pada 28,5°C dan 29,5°C. Profil suhu dua puncak/titik menunjukkan jika kemungkinan terdapat dua jenis kitinase pada enzim yang diuji.
Kitosan sebagai Bahan Dasar Drug Delivery: Studi Interaksi antara Segmen Dimer Kitosan dengan Dipeptida Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2 secara Komputasi AB-Initio
Authors: Saragih Imelda F. , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang optimasi dan interaksi antara molekul dipeptida dan dimer kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembukaan pada junction antar sel yang dilakukan dengan cara memodulasi peptida penyusun khaderinnya. Junction antar sel tersusun atas khaderin-khaderin yang terikat pada membran sel atau disebut dengan istilah trans-membran. Peptida yang digunakan berasal dari sekuens ADT-6 (Ac-ADTPPV-NH2) yaitu Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantum ab initio pada tingkat teori dan basis set HF/6-31 G(d,p). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan energi potensial interaksi yang lebih stabil yaitu interaksi dimer kitosan dengan Ac-AD-NH2 konfigurasi 1 sebesar -78,1168 kJ mol-1 Ǻ sedangkan interaksi dimer kitosan dengan Ac-AD-NH2 konfigurasi 2 sebesar -68,6297 kJ mol-1. Segmen dimer kitosan dengan Ac-PV-NH2 konfigurasi 1 yang memiliki energi potensial interaksi sebesar -21,6289 kJ mol-1 sedangkan segmen dimer kitosan dengan Ac-PV-NH2 konfigurasi 2 yang memiliki energi potensial interaksi sebesar -57,6373 kJ mol-1. Kesimpulan adalah interaksi yang lebih stabil antara segmen dimer kitosan dengan peptida Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2 terjadi pada konfigurasi 1 dan 2. Aplikasi ke depannya, energi interaksi ini dapat digunakan untuk memprediksikan pelepasan peptida dari kitosan.
Studi Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Membran Pervaporasi Berbahan Dasar Zeolit Alam
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Taslimah Taslimah , Nuryanto Rahmad
Published: February 2019

Pembuatan membran anorganik dengan cara mencampurkan γ alumina kaolin dan air telah dilakukan. Selanjutnya ditambahkan campuran bahan aditif hingga diperoleh pasta. Pasta dicetak menjadi bentuk pelet, dikalsinasi pada suhu 1250°C selama 4 jam, selanjutnya dilapisi dengan pasta zeolit. Membran yang dibuat dipanaskan pada 400°C dan 1250°C selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi membran dilakukan dengan menggunakan universal testing machine, XRD, SEM dan uji perendaman. Disimpulkan bahwa membran zeolit dengan suhu aktifasi 400°C mempunyai kuat tekan yang paling besar yakni 13,73 x 10-3 (N/mm2). Mineral komponen penyusun membran adalah mordenit, sedangkan alumina dan kaolin dalam keadaan amorf. Marfologi permukaan membran yang terbentuk tidak seragam, membran dengan pemanasan 1250°C memiliki kekuatan dan ketahanan pada uji perendaman dalam air.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif dari Ekstrak Aseton Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Rissanti Ika , Fachriyah Enny , Kusrini Dewi
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak aseton rimpang bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) sebagai antioksidan. Isolasi senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan ekstraksi soklet dan kromatografi sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Isolat aktif dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan pereaksi geser serta FTIR. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut diduga bahwa isolat aktif adalah senyawa flavonoid golongan auron yang memiliki serapan pada panjang gelombang 260,5 nm (pita II) dan 421,5 nm (pita I), memiliki pola hidroksilasi pada 6,7,3’,4’, dan mengandung gugus fungsi OH, CO fenol, CO eter, C=O keton, C=C alkena, C=C dan =CH aromatik, serta benzena tersubstitusi sehingga diduga sebagai senyawa 6,7,3’,4’tetrahidroksiauron (Maritimetin). Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak aseton menunjukkan harga IC50 sebesar 91,513 ppm sehingga tergolong sebagai antioksidan kuat.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Xilanase dari Bacillus Subtilis pada Media Nutrient Broth dengan Penambahan Xilan Hasil Isolasi Jerami Padi
Authors: Ardiansyah Yanidya Tanjihah , Mulyani Nies Suci , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria
Published: February 2019

Jerami padi merupakan limbah lignoselulosa yang mengandung xilan. Xilan pada jerami padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon, substrat dan inducer pada media pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis untuk menghasilkan xilanase yang memiliki kemampuan menghidrolisis xilan menjadi xilosa atau xilooligosakarida. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa tahap, yaitu isolasi xilan dari jerami padi, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis, produksi xilanase, pemurnian xilanase dengan fraksinasi bertingkat amonium sulfat dan dialisis. Pengujian aktivitas xilanase dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DNS, sedangkan kadar protein diuji dengan menggunakan metode Lowry. Aktivitas spesifik xilanase dihitung berdasarkan unit aktivitas xilanase per mg protein. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi pada fraksi dengan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi meliputi suhu, pH dan waktu inkubasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik tertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi F2 yaitu sebesar 5,178 Unit/mg protein. Kondisi optimum xilanase yang diperoleh dari hasil karakterisasi yaitu pada suhu 40°C, pH 8, waktu inkubasi 30 menit dan aktivitas spesifik fraksi F2 pada kondisi optimum sebesar 6,088 Unit/mg protein.
Removal of Methylene Blue Using Used Paper Powder
Authors: Labiebah Ghina , Gunawan Gunawan , Djunaidi Muhammad Cholid , Haris Abdul , Widodo Didik Setiyo
Published: February 2019

Methylene blue removal by adsorption method had been done in batch method using adsorbent of used paper powder. Adsorption parameters covering adsorbent doses, contact times, pH, adsorbate concentrations and adsorption isotherm as well as desorption study of the absorbed methylene blue were evaluated. The results showed the highest adsorption of methylene blue was obtained at an optimum adsorbent dose, for 30 min at pH > 9. The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.77 mg/g was obtained with Langmuir isotherm model. While the effective methylene blue desorption on the used paper powder adsorbent was obtained c.a. 0.27 mg/g at pH 1.
Conversion of Wood Waste to be a Source of Alternative Liquid Fuel Using Low Temperature Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Al Ichsan Gesyth Mutiara  Hikhmah , Nugrahaningtiyas Khoirina Dwi , Widjonarko Dian Maruto , Rahmawati Fitria , Lestari Witri Wahyu
Published: February 2019

Conversion of wood waste into bio-oil with low temperature pyrolysis method has been successfully carried out using tubular transport reactors. Pyrolysis carried out at temperatures of 250-300°C without using N2 gas. Bio-oil purified by a fractionation distillation method to remove water and light fraction compounds. The materials obtained from different types of wood waste, namely: Randu wood (Ceiba pentandra), Sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria), Coconut wood (Cocos nucifera), Bangkirei wood (Shorea laevis Ridl), Kruing wood (Dipterocarpus) and Meranti wood (Shorea leprosula). Bio-oil products are analyzed for their properties and characteristics, namely the nature of density, acidity, high heat value (HHV), and elements contained in bio-oil such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur content based on SNI procedures, while bio-oil chemical compositions are investigated using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The maximum yield of bio-oil products occurs at 300°C by 40%. Bio-oil purification by fractional distillation method can produce purity of 16-31% wt. The characterization results of the chemical content of bio-oil showed that bio-oil of methyl formate, 2,6-dimetoxy phenol, 1,2,3 trimethoxy benzene, levoglucosan, 2,4-hexadienedioic acid and 1,2- benzenediol.
Combined detection of CEA and CA125 for the diagnosis for lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Li-xin , Li Xiao-feng , Chen Hua-fei , Zhu You-cai , Wang Wen-xian , Xu Chun-wei , Xie Dong-fang , Wan Yang , Du Kai-qi
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the value of combined detection of serum CEA and CA125 concentrations for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Related studies regarding the diagnosis of lung cancer were searched in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang using a computer. The number of patients who were true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative were extracted from each study. Meta-analysis was performed using the Meta-Disc l.4, RevMan 5.3. Seven studies involving 2,216 cases were finally included. Regarding the diagnosis of lung cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of combined CEA and CA125 detection were higher than those of CEA detection alone. The area under the curve (AUC) of combined detection was 0.90, whereas the independently detected AUC was 0.73. Combined CEA and CA125 detection has higher diagnostic efficiency for lung cancer than CEA detection alone. The significance of combined serum CEA and CA125 detection in lung cancer is confirmed.
Ailanthone reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux in resistant K562/A02 cells
Authors: Han Fang , Liu Guoqiang , Sun Caifeng , Wei Jienan
Published: February 2019

Multidrug resistance (MDR) poses a great impediment to cancer treatment. Excessive expression of ATP-binding cassette transport protein AC-1 (P-glycoprotein, P-GLP) is usually involved in MDR. In this study, ailanthone (AIL), a natural compound extracted from the whole seedlings of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) was shown to mediate the reversal of P-GLP-induced MDR and restore the susceptibility of K562/A02 cells to doxorubicin (DOX). Further mechanistic studies revealed that AIL increased intracellular DOX accumulation and interrupted Rh123 efflux through suppression of P-GLP, and also suppressed P-GLP ATPase activity. At the same time, it markedly inhibited MDR1 gene expression and P-GLP protein to sensitize the cytotoxic effect of DOX. Furthermore, AIL down-regulated P-GLP expression by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, AIL could be a potential therapeutic compound for reversing P-GLP-mediated drug resistant cancer.
Danuta Koźmian, Chrześcijańska myśl wychowawcza Fryderyka Wilhelma Foerstera i jej recepcja w Polsce, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin 1996, ss. 169
Authors: Jakubiak Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

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Adam Winiarz, Szkolnictwo Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Polskiego (1807-1831), Lublin 2002, ss. 586
Authors: Karłowska Grażyna
Published: February 2019

Adam Winiarz, Szkolnictwo Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Polskiego (1807-1831), Lublin 2002, ss. 586
Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938). Współtwórca pedagogiki naukowej i akademickiej w Uniwersytecie Lwowskim
Authors: Szmyd Kazimierz
Published: February 2019

Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938). Współtwórca pedagogiki naukowej i akademickiej w Uniwersytecie Lwowskim
Elżbieta Magiera, Spółdzielczość jako forma edukacji w szkolnictwie polskim Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (1918–1939), Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin 2011
Authors: Król Joanna
Published: February 2019

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Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2010 (z uzupełnieniami za lata poprzednie)
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: February 2019

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Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Być nauczycielem w PRL-u …”, Gdańsk, 26–27 kwietnia 2012 roku
Authors: Apanel Danuta , Wałęga Agnieszka , Gulczyńska Justyna
Published: February 2019

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Złości, która się więc pokazuje w dziateczkach nie tak winien ojciec jako matka – wpływ matki na wychowanie swych dzieci w polskich drukowanych oracjach pogrzebowych XVII wieku
Authors: Kicińska Urszula
Published: February 2019

Anger which is appearing in children, father isn’t guilty only mother – influence of the mother on raising one’s children in Polish printed funeral orations of the 17th century.In funeral orations, the fact of being a mother was underlined as the major merit of the dead. The number of children to whom she gave birth and whom she raised were mentioned with pride. So the motherhood constituted the main mission of the woman. Not only nursing children, but also forming their character and mind belonged to the responsibilities of women. A good mother, according to preachers, was supposed to be pious, sensible and hard-working. The Old Polish education ideal, in spite of social and material differences, had more than a class character. It concerned mainly girls, because they rarely expressed their opinion about their education and in less detail. It is possible to distinguish two types of educating women. The first one was called “conservative” and was supposed to prepare young girls for their future role of the wife, the mother and the housewife. The second was known as “progressive” as it recognized the equal status of the man and the woman and therefore she could develop intellectually. The daughters of magnates and rich gentry received their education in aristocratic manor houses or at convent schools, whereas poorer girls had to be satisfied with home upbringing. Nevertheless, irrespective of the place in which the girl received her education, she was prepared for her main practical role of the wife, the mother and the housewife.
Oświata żydowska w powojennej Legnicy (1945–1968)
Authors: Szczepański Andrzej
Published: February 2019

Education in post-war Legnica (1945–1968)When the war activities came to a close, first Jews started to come into town, mainly the former prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, and then the displaced rescued in the territory of the Soviet Union. The newcomers soon opened their own educational facilities and in the school year 1946/1947 in Legnica there were: a kindergarten, a foster house, a heder, a primary school with Hebrew as the language of lecture, a kibbutz and a Hebrew primary school. The educational pluralism did not last long because from the school year 1950/1951 there remained just one state-controlled Jewish school (the other facilities had been closed). The kindergarten was the only exception and although it received the status of a public institution it preserved Jewish character until mid-50s. The subsequent years brought significant fluctuation of teachers and students as many of them left Poland in the first half of the 1950s, whereas from 1956 more newcomers arrived from the USSR. On September 1, 1959 a high-school class was launched in the local primary school. In the 1960s the emigration of Jews from Legnica increased significantly, which resulted in smaller number of students. A breakthrough year was 1968, when, because of too small number of children (38 in total), on August 31 the Jewish high-school and primary school ceased to exist
ВІД 20-РІЧЧЯ ДО 25-РІЧЧЯ: ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ПОЗНАНСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНІСТИКИ
Authors: Космеда Тетяна
Published: February 2019

W artykule przedstawiono osiągnięcia Zakładu Ukrainistyki jako samodzielnej jednostki naukowo-administracyjnej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat z uwzględnieniem rozwoju kadr, działalności naukowej i dydaktycznej, realizowanej w głównej mierze poprzez organizację cyklicznych konferencji międzynarodowych, redagowanie czasopisma „Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia”, które otrzymało status rocznika naukowego z wysoką kwalifi kacją punktową, a także otwarcie nowych specjalności na poziomie studiów licencjackich i magisterskich.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОГО АСПЕКТУ НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ
Authors: Горошкіна Олена
Published: February 2019

W artykule przedstawiono metodologiczne wytyczne nauczania języka ukraińskiego jako języka obcego w aspekcie społeczno-kulturowym. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wykorzystanie frazeologizmów, słów-symboli, tekstów, które pomagają lepiej zrozumieć ukraiński charakter narodowy, naturę ukraińskiej duszy.
Radix malorum omnium: фітоморфний образ кореня в структурі смертних гріхів
Authors: Ясіновська Оксана
Published: February 2019

Na podstawie metafor pojęciowych korzenia ujawnione są osobliwości reprezentowania pojęcia grzechów śmiertelnych w dyskursie religijnym wczesnych chrześcijańskich egzegetów.
ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЯ ОБРАЗНОГО СКЛАДНИКА КОНЦЕПТУ “СМЕРТЬ” В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ КОГНІТИВНО-МОВНІЙ КАРТИНІ СВІТУ
Authors: Федорюк Лілія
Published: February 2019

Artykuł poświęcono analizie obrazowych komponentów konceptu “śmierć”, uściślono i zweryfi kowano rozpowszechnione twierdzenia teoretyczne nt. narodowego językowego oraz kognitywnego obrazu świata, przeanalizowano nowy materiał empiryczny. Leksykalno-semantyczne pole konceptu “śmierć” opisano na materiale ukraińskiej literatury pięknej.
МЕДИЧНІ ТЕРМІНИ З КОМПОНЕНТАМИ НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ СОМАТИЧНИХ ПОНЯТЬ ВУХО, ГОРЛО, НІС У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ
Authors: Германович Галина
Published: February 2019

W artykule rozpatrzono ukraińskie terminy medyczne na oznaczenie somatycznych pojęć ucho, gardło, nos i terminy złożone z odpowiednimi międzynarodowymi komponentami aur(y)-, ot(o)-, laryng(o)-, tonsill(o)-, faryng(o)-, ryn(o)-. Poruszono problem zamienności wskazanych leksemów. Wykazano ich aktywne zastosowanie oraz słowotwórczą mobilność.
СЕМАНТИЧНЕ ПОЛЕ “КОСТЮМ” В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПОСТМОДЕРНІЙ ПРОЗІ: ТЕКСТОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Марчук Людмила
Published: February 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest opisowi pola semantycznego “strój” na materiale ukraińskiego tekstu postmodernistycznego. Strój — to jeden ze złożonych systemów, które funkcjonują w obszarze kultury i ściśle współdziałają z wieloma jej elementami. To swoisty ekran, na który projektowane są wszystkie aspekty fi zycznego, duchowego, socjalnego rozwoju społeczeństwa. Bezpośrednio związany z wizerunkiem człowieka, jego nastrojem, zachowaniem, stanowi klucz do kultury, element etniczny, zwany polem semantycznym.
ЧИСЛІВНИК ЯК ДИСКУРСИВНЕ СЛОВО В ПОЕЗІЇ ШІСТДЕСЯТНИКІВ
Authors: Павлова Інна
Published: February 2019

W artykule poddano analizie pragmatyczny charakter wyrazów dyskursywnych, ustalono znaczeniową zawartość liczebnika jako słowa dyskursywnego w poetyckich tekstach L. Kostenko. Na przykładzie liczebnika “один” wykazano, iż w dyskursie poetyckim traci on swoje znaczenie pierwotne, nabywa zaś zaimkowych znaczeń deiktyczności, przymiotnikowych znaczeń określenia, jakości, oceny czy modalnych znaczeń, właściwych partykułom.
НАВЧАННЯ ДРУГОЇ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ В СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ ЧЕСЬКОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ: ЛІНГВОДИДАКТИЧНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ТА ТИПИ МОВНОЇ ІНТЕРФЕРЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Талалай Юлія
Published: February 2019

W artykule dokonano analizy lingwodydaktycznych zasad nauczania drugiego języka obcego w gimnazjum w Czechach. Język angielski postrzegany jest jako pierwszy język obcy. Przeprowadzono analizę rodzajów interferencji językowych. Wyróżniono pewne struktury gramatyczne, szereg wyrazów w języku angielskim i niemieckim. Określono wpływ języka ojczystego na proces uczenia się drugiego języka obcego.
“NIESPOKOJNY LOT NAD MAJDANEM” — WSPÓŁCZESNE KONTEKSTY FUNKCJONOWANIA SYMBOLU ORŁA W POLSCE I NA UKRAINIE
Authors: Kupidura Ryszard
Published: February 2019

У статті здійснено спробу простежити актуалізацію символіки тварин, зокрема символу орла, у сучасному суспільному дискурсі; репрезентовано намагання проаналізувати специфіку породження нового семантичного наповнення символу орла, його нових асоціативних зв'язків, виявлених в епоху динамічних соціально-політичні змін, що спроектовано передусім на події, пов’язані з Революцією гідності в Україні 2013–2014 років. Увагу акцентовано на ролі в цьому процесі літературної традиції. Проаналізовано також, як використовується символіка орла в умовах сучасної інформаційної війни.
ГЕРОЙ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧАРІВНОЇ КАЗКИ: ЕТАЛОННІ ЯКОСТІ ТА ПОВЕДІНКОВІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Authors: Мушкетик Леся
Published: February 2019

W artykule dokonano analizy оbrazu bohatera ukraińskiej czarodziejskiej baśni ludowej jako ideału i wzoru do naśladowania. Na materiale motywów baśniowych wyróżniono jego atuty i cechy wzorcowe, będące wyrazem aksjologicznego i dydaktycznego charakteru narratywów baśniowych.
ДОСВІД ЛОКАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ
Authors: Poliszczuk Jarosław
Published: February 2019

Autor rozpatruje kulturowy wizerunek Donbasu na przykładzie współczesnej literatury ukraińskiej, zwłaszcza w powieści Ołeksija Czupy Bajki mojego bunkra (2014). Badanie donieckiej tożsamości jest trudne z powodu niewystarczającej reprezentacji w tekstach współczesnej kultury, a także za sprawą demonizacji regionu w okresie aktualnej wojny na Wschodzie Ukrainy. Bohaterowie powieści Czupy to typowi mieszkańcy Donbasu, “szarzy” ludzie, stąd w ich zachowaniu bardzo ważne wydaje się przeżywanie doznań cielesnych. Donieckie doświadczenie cielesności apeluje zarówno do sytuacji egzystencjalnej, co powoduje przewartościowanie zasad moralnych, jak i do kształtowania nowej formuły jednostki jako fenomenu społecznego.
Towards a learning optimizer for shared clouds
Authors: Wu Chenggang , Jindal Alekh , Amizadeh Saeed , Patel Hiren , Le Wangchao , Qiao Shi , Rao Sriram
Published: February 2019

Query optimizers are notorious for inaccurate cost estimates, leading to poor performance. The root of the problem lies in inaccurate cardinality estimates, i.e., the size of intermediate (and final) results in a query plan. These estimates also determine the resources consumed in modern shared cloud infrastructures. In this paper, we present CARDLEARNER, a machine learning based approach to learn cardinality models from previous job executions and use them to predict the cardinalities in future jobs. The key intuition in our approach is that shared cloud workloads are often recurring and overlapping in nature, and so we could learn cardinality models for overlapping subgraph templates. We discuss various learning approaches and show how learning a large number of smaller models results in high accuracy and explainability. We further present an exploration technique to avoid learning bias by considering alternate join orders and learning cardinality models over them. We describe the feedback loop to apply the learned models back to future job executions. Finally, we show a detailed evaluation of our models (up to 5 orders of magnitude less error), query plans (60% applicability), performance (up to 100% faster, 3x fewer resources), and exploration (optimal in few 10s of executions).
On obtaining stable rankings
Authors: Asudeh Abolfazl , Jagadish H. V. , Miklau Gerome , Stoyanovich Julia
Published: February 2019

Decision making is challenging when there is more than one criterion to consider. In such cases, it is common to assign a goodness score to each item as a weighted sum of its attribute values and rank them accordingly. Clearly, the ranking obtained depends on the weights used for this summation. Ideally, one would want the ranked order not to change if the weights are changed slightly. We call this property
stability
of the ranking. A consumer of a ranked list may trust the ranking more if it has high stability. A producer of a ranked list prefers to choose weights that result in a stable ranking, both to earn the trust of potential consumers and because a stable ranking is intrinsically likely to be more meaningful.

In this paper, we develop a framework that can be used to assess the stability of a provided ranking and to obtain a stable ranking within an "acceptable" range of weight values (called "the region of interest"). We address the case where the user cares about the rank order of the entire set of items, and also the case where the user cares only about the top-
k
items. Using a geometric interpretation, we propose algorithms that produce stable rankings. In addition to theoretical analyses, we conduct extensive experiments on real datasets that validate our proposal.
SWIFT
Authors: Yan Yizhou , Cao Lei , Madden Samuel , Rundensteiner Elke A.
Published: February 2019

Event streams generated by smart devices common in modern Internet of Things applications must be continuously mined to monitor the behavior of the underlying system. In this work, we propose a stream pattern mining system for supporting online IoT applications. First, to solve the pattern explosion problem of existing stream pattern mining strategies, we now design pattern semantics that continuously produce a compact set of patterns that max-imumly compresses the dynamic data streams, called MDL-based Representative Patterns (MRP). We then design a one-pass SWIFT approach that continuously mines the up-to-date MRP pattern set for each stream window upon the arrival or expiration of individual events. We show that SWIFT is guaranteed to select the update operation for each individual incoming event that leads to the most compact encoding of the sequence in the current window. We further enhance SWIFT to support batch updates, called B-SWIFT. B-SWIFT adopts alazy updatestrategy that guarantees that only the minimal number of operations are conducted to process an incoming event batch for MRP pattern mining. Evaluation by our industry lighting lab collaborator demonstrates that SWIFT successfully solves their use cases and finds more representative patterns than the alternative approaches adapting the state-of-the-art static representative pattern mining methods. Our experimental study confirms that SWIFT outperforms the best existing method up to 50% in the compactness of produced pattern encodings, while providing a 4 orders of magnitude speedup.
Shrinkwrap
Authors: Bater Johes , He Xi , Ehrich William , Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Rogers Jennie
Published: February 2019

A private data federation is a set of autonomous databases that share a unified query interface offering
in-situ
evaluation of SQL queries over the union of the sensitive data of its members. Owing to privacy concerns, these systems do not have a trusted data collector that can see all their data and their member databases cannot learn about individual records of other engines. Federations currently achieve this goal by evaluating queries obliviously using secure multiparty computation. This hides the intermediate result cardinality of each query operator by exhaustively padding it. With cascades of such operators, this padding accumulates to a blow-up in the output size of each operator and a proportional loss in query performance. Hence, existing private data federations do not scale well to complex SQL queries over large datasets.

We introduce Shrinkwrap, a private data federation that offers data owners a differentially private view of the data held by others to improve their performance over oblivious query processing. Shrinkwrap uses computational differential privacy to minimize the padding of intermediate query results, achieving up to a 35X performance improvement over oblivious query processing. When the query needs differentially private output, Shrinkwrap provides a trade-off between result accuracy and query evaluation performance.
NÜKLEER ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN MAKRO EKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖNDER Hüseyin , GÜNDÜZ İbrahim
Published: February 2019

Enerji iç ve dış siyasetin şekillenmesinde, milli sanayinin ve ekonominin gelişiminde oldukça önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu nedenle enerjinin hangi kaynaklardan üretildiği oldukça önemlidir. Fosil yakıtlar açısından zengin olmayan pek çok ülke için nükleer enerji önemli bir alternatiftir. Bu çalışmada nükleer enerjinin makro ekonomik belirleyicileri incelenmiştir. Bunu gerçekleştirirken literatürde yer alan benzer çalışmalar titizlikle taranarak değişkenler tespit edilmiştir. 2000-2015 yılları arasında OECD ülkelerinin örneklem olarak alındığı analizde nükleer enerjinin makro ekonomik belirleyicileri olarak sivil iş gücü, toplam karbon dioksit emisyonu, ham petrol fiyatları, Enerji yoğunluğu, Fosil yakıt tüketimi (toplam içindeki %’lik payı), yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi (toplam nihai enerji tüketimi içindeki %’lik payı) ve kişi başına sabit fiyatlarla GSYİH değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Dengeli panel veri analizinin rassal etkiler tahmincisiyle yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda; CO2, enerji yoğunluğu, fosil, yenilenebilir enerji, petrol fiyatları ve GSYİH değişkenlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu değişkenlerden CO2 ve enerji yoğunluğu değişkenleri, nükleer enerji tüketimi değişkeni ile pozitif ilişkilidir. Fosil, yenilenebilir enerji, petrol fiyatı ve GSYİH değişkenleri ise nükleer enerji tüketimi değişkeniyle negatif ilişkilidir.
YEM ÜZERİNDEKİ KDV ORAN İNDİRİMLERİNİN ET VE SÜT FİYATLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Serdar , AKTAŞ M. Ali
Published: February 2019

Çalışmada, süt ve kırmızı et üretiminin en önemli maliyet unsurlarından biri olan yem üzerine 01.01.2016 tarihinden itibaren uygulanan KDV oran indiriminin doğrudan yem fiyatlarına, dolaylı yoldan da et ve süt fiyatlarına olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. KDV oran indirimlerinin etkisi uzun dönemde Johansen Eşbütünleşme Analizi ve kısa dönemde Granger Nedensellik Analizi ile test edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda KDV oran indirimlerinin kısa ve uzun dönemde yem, et ve süt fiyatlarına etki etmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ürün fiyatların oluşumunda en önemli unsur piyasa yapısının kendisidir ve piyasa yapısı içerisinde özellikle ürünlerin arz ve talep esneklikleri diğer unsurlara göre daha çok ön plana çıkmaktadır. Vergi politikaları ise ürün fiyatlarının düşürülmesinde tek başına yeterli olamamakla birlikte, vergi indirimlerine bağlı olarak kamunun ihtiyaç duyduğu fonlarda da azalma yaşanabilmektedir. Türkiye’de ise yem fiyatları üzerindeki KDV oranlarının indirilmesi kamunun beklentisi doğrultusunda et ve süt fiyatlarına yansımamıştır. Bu tespitlere bağlı olarak et ve süt fiyatları üzerinde indirimlerin oluşması için piyasa şartlarında (arz-talep) değişikliğe ihtiyaç duyulduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
UFRS 17 SİGORTA SÖZLEŞMELERİ KAPSAMINDA ÖNGÖRÜLEN ÖLÇÜM YAKLAŞIMLARINDAN GENEL MODEL YAKLAŞIMI VE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: OĞUZ Mustafa
Published: February 2019

Sigorta muhasebesi, sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin muhasebe uygulamalarını ve finansal raporlamalarını içeren sektörel bir muhasebe sistemini yansıtmaktadır. Bir ihtisas muhasebesi olarak sigorta muhasebesi, uzmanlık isteyen ve sigortacılık sektörünün iyi bir şekilde anlaşılmasını gerektiren özellikli bir muhasebe dalıdır. Türkiye’de sigorta muhasebesine yön veren çeşitli düzenlemeler bulunmaktadır. Bunların başında Hazine Müsteşarlığı tarafından yayımlanan düzenlemeler gelmektedir. Bu düzenlemeler haricinde muhasebenin temel kavramları, genel kabul görmüş muhasebe ilkeleri, Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından uygulanması öngörülen düzenlemeler, Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu kapsamında uygulanması öngörülen düzenlemeler gibi düzenlemeler de bulunmaktadır. Ancak zaman içerisinde gelişen ve ülkemizde de sigorta şirketleri tarafından uygulanması zorunlu olan Uluslararası Muhasebe ve Finansal Raporlama Standartları (UMS ve UFRS’ler), sigorta muhasebesine yön veren düzenlemeler içerisinde ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları Kurulu tarafından yayımlanan UMS ve UFRS’lerden biri de UFRS 17 Sigorta Sözleşmeleri Standardı’dır. UFRS 17, sigorta sözleşmelerinin muhasebeleştirilmesi ve raporlanmasına yönelik alışılagelmiş uygulamaları kökten değiştirecek yeni birtakım özellikler içermektedir. Bunlardan biri de sigorta sözleşmelerinin muhasebeleştirilmesi ve raporlanmasında esas alınması gereken ölçüm yaklaşımlarıdır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu ölçüm yaklaşımlarından Genel Model Yaklaşımı tanıtılacak olup, bu yaklaşıma ilişkin örnek bir uygulamaya yer verilecektir.
MARKA PERFORMANSININ REKABET GÜCÜNE ETKİSİ:ULUSAL VE ULUSLARARASI BİRLEŞME VE SATIN ALMALAR AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ERDİL Tayyip Sabri , AYDOĞAN Sibel , AYAR Bahadır , GÜVENDIK Özge
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ulusal ve uluslararası birleşme ve satın almalar bağlamında marka performansının rekabet gücü üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada, 2010–2017 yılları arasında ulusal ve uluslararası birleşme ve satın alma yapmış 1208 işletmenin 243 tanesinden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada marka performansının rekabet gücü üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Birleşme ve satın alma yapma sebeplerinden birinin de rekabet gücünü artırmak olduğu söylenebilir. İşletmelerin güçlü bir itibar ve marka imajı oluşturmasında aynı zamanda ürün güvenilirliğinde birleşme ve satın almaların katkısı olduğu görülmektedir. Marka performansı, ürün rekabet gücü ve operasyonel rekabet güçleri kıyaslandığında ulusal ve uluslararası birleşme ve satın alma işlemi gerçekleştiren işletmeler arasında herhangi bir farklılık olmadığı saptanmıştır. Fakat bu birleşme ve satın alma işlemlerinin rekabet boyutları üzerinde farklı derecede etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin, ulusal boyuttan daha çok uluslararası boyutta birleşme ve satın alma işlemi gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ışığında, marka performansı ve rekabet gücü ile ilgili mevcut durumun değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve geleceğe ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.
EN ÇOK SATAN OTOMOBİL MARKALARININ TWITTER İLETİŞİMLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: PARMAKSIZ Mehmet Yalçın , KIRÇOVA İbrahim
Published: February 2019

Sosyal medya siteleri sayesinde markalar mevcut
ve potansiyel müşterileriyle sosyal ilişkiler ku­rup yönetebilmektedir.
Markalar, sosyal medya kanalıyla, bilinirliklerini artırabilir, ürün ve hizmet­leri
hakkında takipçilerine bilgi verebilir ve çeşitli amaçlara sahip kampanyalarını
ve kurumsal mesaj­larını duyurabilirler. Bu çalışmada, küresel ölçekte en çok
kullanılan sosyal medya sitelerinden olan Twitter üzerinde, markaların sosyal
medya kullanımlarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu he­defe ulaşmak için,
öncelikle sosyal medya kavramı, karakteristikleri ve kullanım özellikleri
incelen­miştir. Sonrasında marka iletişim kavramı ve marka iletişiminde sosyal
medya kullanımının önemi incelenmiştir. Türkiye Otomotiv Distribütörleri Derneği’nin
2017 Ocak-Mart Perakende Otomobil Satışları raporuna göre Renault, Hyundai ve
Fiat en çok satan otomobil markaları arasında yer almak­tadır. Dolayısıyla bu
markaların Twitter hesapları araştırmamıza konu edilmiştir. Belirtilen otomobil
markalarının resmi Twitter hesaplarında 1 Aralık 2016 ile 28 Şubat 2017 arasında
yaptıkları paylaşım­lara yönelik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına
göre belirtilen otomobil markalarının, bilgi paylaşma
amaçlı iletişim yaptıkları, farklı amaçlar için aynı Twitter hesabını kullandıkları
ve takipçile­riyle etkileşim aşamasında onları yeteri kadar onaylamadıkları
tespit edilmiştir.
Thinking together with material representations: Joint epistemic actions in creative problem solving
Authors: Bjørndahl Johanne Stege , Fusaroli Riccardo , Østergaard Svend , Tylén Kristian
Published: January 2019

How do material representations such as models, diagrams, and drawings come to shape and aid collective, epistemic processes? This study investigated how groups of participants spontaneously recruited material objects (in this case, LEGO blocks) to support collective creative processes in the context of an experiment. Qualitative microanalyses of the group interactions motivate a taxonomy of different roles that the material representations play in the joint epistemic processes: illustration, elaboration, and exploration. Firstly, the LEGO blocks were used to illustrate already well-formed ideas in support of communication and epistemic alignment. Furthermore, the material concretization of otherwise abstract ideas in LEGO blocks gave rise to elaboration: discussions, requests for clarification, and discovery of unnoticed conceptual disagreements. Lastly, the LEGO blocks were used for exploration. That is, the material representations were experimented on and physical attributes were explored resulting in discoveries of new meaning potentials and creative solutions. We discuss these different ways in which material representations do their work in collective reasoning processes in relation to ideas about top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes and division of cognitive labor.
Regularity of one-sided multilinear fractional maximal functions
Authors: Liu Feng , Xu Lei
Published: January 2019

In this paper we introduce and investigate the regularity properties of one-sided multilinear fractional maximal operators, both in continuous case and in discrete case. In the continuous setting, we prove that the one-sided multilinear fractional maximal operators$\mathfrak{M}_\beta^{+}\; \text{and}\, \mathfrak{M}_\beta^{-}$map W1,p1 (ℝ)×· · ·×W1,pm (ℝ) into W1,q(ℝ) with 1 < p1, … , pm < ∞, 1 ≤ q < ∞ and $1/q= \sum_{i=1}^m1/p_i-\beta$, boundedly and continuously. In the discrete setting, we show that the discrete one-sided multilinear fractional maximal operators are bounded and continuous from ℓ1(ℤ)×· · ·×ℓ1(ℤ) to BV(ℤ). Here BV(ℤ) denotes the set of functions of bounded variation defined on ℤ. Our main results represent significant and natural extensions of what was known previously.
Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of an octanuclear cerium(III) complex of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate
Authors: Sharif Shahzad , Khan Islam Ullah , Sahin Onur , Jabeen Nadia , Ahmad Saeed , Khan Bushra
Published: January 2019

An octanuclear compound of cerium(III), [Ce8(Pydc)10(HPydc)4.22H2O].11H2O (1) (Pydc=pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion) was prepared under mild solvothermal conditions and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three kinds of coordination environments are observed, which include: [Ce(Pydc)3], [Ce(Pydc)(H2O)4(O,O)], and [Ce(H2O)7(O,O)]. Each cerium atom in1is nine-coordinated but two different geometries are found. The Ce1 and Ce2 atoms exhibit a nearly tricapped trigonal prismatic CeN3O6geometry, while Ce3 and Ce4 possess CeNO8and CeO9coordination polyhedra, which approximate to slightly distorted mono-capped square antiprisms having 12 triangular faces. The Pydc ligands adopt tri-, tetra-, and penta-coordination modes through tridentate chelating and,μ2andμ3-bridging modes, respectively. The clusters are joined by O–H···O hydrogen bonds to generate 3D supramolecular network. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for1indicate that theχmvalues obey the Curie-Weiss law. The overall magnetic behavior is typical for the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions between the cerium(III) ions.
Current Approaches on Warming up for Sports Performance: A Critical Review
Authors: Gil Maria Helena , Neiva Henrique P. , Sousa António C. , Marques Mário C. , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: February 2019

WARM-UP PROCEDURES HAVE BECOME RELEVANT FOR COACHES, RESEARCHERS, AND SPORTS PROFESSIONALS IN RECENT YEARS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED TO VERIFY THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PREACTIVITIES, REGARDING DIFFERING VOLUME, INTENSITY, REST, AND SPECIFICITY, AND THE WARM-UP IS NOW WIDELY ACCEPTED AS AN ESSENTIAL PRACTICE TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE. RESEARCH IS NOW FOCUSING ON THE EFFECTS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC STRETCHES, POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION PHENOMENON, AND OPTIMIZATION OF WAITING PERIODS WITH PASSIVE WARM-UP APPROACHES. IN THIS BRIEF REVIEW, WE CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE EMERGING METHODS AND STRATEGIES OF WARM-UP THAT HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED AND USED BEFORE COMPETITIVE EVENTS.
A Cellular Mechanism Underlying Enhanced Capability for Complex Olfactory Discrimination Learning
Authors: Chandra Naveen , Awasthi Richa , Ozdogan Togba , Johenning Friedrich W. , Imbrosci Barbara , Morris Genela , Schmitz Dietmar , Barkai Edi
Published: January 2019

The biological mechanisms underlying complex forms of learning requiring the understanding of rules based on previous experience are not yet known. Previous studies have raised the intriguing possibility that improvement in complex learning tasks requires the long-term modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability, induced by reducing the conductance of the slow calcium-dependent potassium current (sIAHP) simultaneously in most neurons in the relevant neuronal networks in several key brain areas. Such sIAHPreduction is expressed in attenuation of the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) potential, and thus in enhanced repetitive action potential firing. Using complex olfactory discrimination (OD) learning as a model for complex learning, we show that brief activation of the GluK2 subtype glutamate receptor results in long-lasting enhancement of neuronal excitability in neurons from controls, but not from trained rats. Such an effect can be obtained by a brief tetanic synaptic stimulation or by direct application of kainate, both of which reduce the postburst AHP in pyramidal neurons. Induction of long-lasting enhancement of neuronal excitability is mediated via a metabotropic process that requires PKC and ERK activation. Intrinsic neuronal excitability cannot be modulated by synaptic activation in neurons from GluK2 knock-out mice. Accordingly, these mice are incapable of learning the complex OD task. Moreover, viral-induced overexpression of Gluk2 in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons results in remarkable enhancement of complex OD learning. Thus, signaling via kainate receptors has a central functional role in higher cognitive abilities.