bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and oral function associated with tooth loss and prosthetic dental restorations. Consensus report of Working Group 1
Authors: Lang Nikalus P. , Müller Frauke ,   On behalf of Working Group 1
Published: June 2007

Abstract: The method used by the working group was an iterative process based upon literature reviews of relevant publications by a working group of rapporteurs. The review papers were written and circulated before the conference and served as basis of discussion. Each paper was subject to a detailed collective analysis and modified and amended on the basis of the work group's discussions and referenced to additional relevant literature where appropriate. The group assessed the levels of evidence for the statements made in the supporting documentation and recognised that it was necessary to adopt a compromise between acceptance of the lowest level of evidence, resulting in the largest body of material, and the highest level which produced valuable but limited evidence. Where the objectives were not concerning an intervention, an RCT study design was not applicable and no focussed question could be formulated. Rather cross‐sectional and repeated cross‐sectional, as well as longitudinal cohort studies, were usually the evidence available.
Factors influencing survival of reconstructions. Consensus report of Working Group 2
Authors: Zöllner Axel , Belser Urs ,   On behalf of Working Group 2
Published: June 2007

Abstract: In order to evaluate the level of evidence of factors influencing the survival of reconstructions, systematic reviews of the relevant literature were prepared by a group of rapporteurs. The review papers were circulated to the members of the group before the conference and formed the basis for group and panel discussions. Subsequently, modifications were added to the review papers, and suggestions for consensus statements concerning the following topics were prepared and again critically reviewed in the group and in the plenum: Impact of (i) periodontal disease on the survival of tooth‐supported reconstructions, (ii) post‐surgical factors as supportive therapy on the survival of implant supported reconstructions, (iii) technical and/or biological complications on the survival of different types of reconstructions, (iiii) material choice for reconstructions on the survival of single crowns and fixed dental prostheses.
Developing meaningful systematic review of CAD/CAM reconstructions and fiber‐reinforced composites*
Authors: Kelly J. Robert
Published: June 2007

Objective: Clinical literature was examined for evidence supporting use of CAD/CAM reconstructions and fiber‐reinforced materials.

Materials and methods: Potential evidence was identified via databases [PubMed; EMBASE (R) Drugs & Pharmacology; Center for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York; Cochrane Library], hand search of non‐indexed literature, secondary reference searches, and personal contacts with clinical trial PI's. Search terms included: dental restorations; CAD/CAM; CEREC; LAVA; CERCON; Procera; inlay/onlay; dental prosthesis; fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC).

Results: Two randomized‐controlled clinical trials were identified as examined in one Cochrane Collaboration review relevant to CAD/CAM inlays. One systematic review of 15 CAD/CAM inlay studies was examined. Six studies were identified of three commercial FRC endodontic posts and eight reported on FRC use for fixed denture prostheses. Fifteen ongoing prospective trials were identified studying CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia‐based prostheses. A total of 76 papers were referenced including those related to use of in vitro measures as evidence.

Conclusions: Review of the Cochrane analysis raised concerns that typical RCT protocols may prove insufficient for stratification of confounding variables (patient, practitioner, material) when treatment outcomes are primarily prosthesis‐ or material‐based (not patient‐based, e.g., as in fracture). RCT designs are most straightforward when treatment outcomes are patient‐based (e.g., soft tissue changes). When treatment responses are material‐based, controls also become difficult to define and studies become tests of equivalency/superiority; where well‐stratified cohort designs are likely preferred. Large numbers of independent cohort studies support the use of CAD/CAM ceramic inlay/onlay restorations and crowns but many complications inhibit the application of high‐level systematic review. Except perhaps for fiber‐based endodontic posts, the clinical FRC literature appears insufficient for expert review. Single in vitro measures cannot currently serve as evidence for clinical practice, except in limited cases of simple function (e.g., impression material accuracy). Batteries of in vitro measures are often applied during materials development but cannot substitute for clinical study.
Materials. Consensus report of Working Group 4
Authors: Roulet Jean‐François , Kappert Heinrich , Hensten Arne ,   On behalf of Working Group 4
Published: June 2007

Abstract: The method used by the working group was an iterative process based upon a structured review of the relevant literature by a group of rapporteurs. The literature was searched using common databanks (e.g., Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library etc.), and also by performing manual searches in the non‐indexed literature. The review papers were circulated to the members of the group before and during a conference that served as the basis for subsequent discussions. Each paper was subject to detailed collective analysis and subsequently modified on the basis of panel's discussion and referred to additional relevant literature where appropriate. The consensus statements were prepared after a detailed consideration of the papers submitted to the workshop by the working group. The papers were scrutinized, amended and approved by the group.
Attrition, occlusion, (dys)function, and intervention: a systematic review
Authors: Van 't Spijker Arie , Kreulen Cees M. , Creugers Nico H. J.
Published: June 2007

Objectives: Attrition and occlusal factors and masticatory function or dysfunction are thought to be related. This study aims to systematically review the literature on this topic with the emphasis to find evidence for occlusion‐based treatment protocols for attrition.

Materials and methods: Literature was searched using PubMed (1980 to 2/2006) and the Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials with the keywords ‘tooth’ and ‘wear’. Five steps were followed. Exclusion was based on the following: (1) reviews, case‐reports, studies on non‐human tooth material, and studies not published in English and (2) historical or forensic studies. Included were (3) in vivo studies. Next, studies on (4) occlusal factors, function or dysfunction [temporomandibular disorders (TMD), bruxism], or intervention, and (5) attrition were included. Two investigators independently assessed the abstracts; measure of agreement was calculated using Cohen's κ; disagreement was resolved by discussion. Full‐text articles were obtained and correlation between outcomes on occlusal factors, (dys)function, treatment, and attrition were retrieved. References in the papers included in the final analysis were cross‐matched with the original list of references to add references that met the inclusion criteria.

Results: The search procedure revealed 1289 references on tooth wear. The numbers of included studies after each step were (1) 345 (κ=0.8), (2) 287 (κ=0.87), (3) 174 (κ=0.99), (4) 81 (κ=0.71), and (5) 27 (κ=0.68). Hand searches through the reference lists revealed six additional papers to be included. Analysis of the 33 included papers failed to find sound evidence for recommending a certain occlusion‐based treatment protocol above another in the management of attrition.

Conclusion: Some studies reported correlations between attrition and anterior spatial relationships. No studies were found suggesting that absent posterior support necessarily leads to increased attrition, though one study found that fewer number of teeth resulted in higher tooth wear index (on the remaining teeth). Attrition seems to be co‐existent with self‐reported bruxism. Reports on attrition and TMD signs and symptoms provide little understanding of the relationship between the two.
A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part II: fixed dental prostheses.
Authors: Sailer Irena , Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Zwahlen Marcel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F.
Published: June 2007

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5‐year survival rates and incidences of complications of all‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and to compare them with those of metal–ceramic FDPs.

Methods: An electronic MEDLINE and Dental Global Publication Research System search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on all‐ceramic and metal–ceramic reconstructions with a mean follow‐up time of at least 3 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow‐up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by three reviewers. Failure rates were analyzed using standard and random‐effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5‐year survival proportions.

Results: The search provided 3473 titles for single crowns and FDPs and resulted in 100 abstracts for all‐ceramic FDPs. Full‐text analysis was performed for 39 articles, resulting in nine studies of ceramic FDPs that met the inclusion criteria. The data on survival and complication rates of metal–ceramic FDPs were obtained from a previous systematic review of Tan et al. (2004) and the updated version from the same authors (Pjetursson et al. 2007). In Poisson regression meta‐analysis, the 5‐year survival of metal–ceramic FDPs was significantly (P<0.0001) higher with 94.4% [95 confidence interval (CI): 91.1–96.5%] than the survival of all‐ceramic FDPs, being 88.6% (95 CI: 78.3–94.2%). The frequencies of material fractures (framework and veneering material) were significantly (P<0.0001) higher for all‐ceramic FDPs (6.5% and 13.6%) compared with those of metal–ceramic FDPs (1.6% and 2.9%). Other technical complications like loss of retention and biological complications like caries and loss of pulp vitality were similar for the two types of reconstructions over the 5‐year observation period.

Conclusion: Based on the present systematic review of all‐ceramic FDPs, significantly lower survival rates at 5 years were seen compared with metal–ceramic FDPs. The most frequent reason for failure of FDPs made out of glass‐ceramics or glass‐infiltrated ceramics was fracture of the reconstruction (framework and veneering ceramic). However, when zirconia was used as framework material, the reasons for failure were primarily biological and technical complications other than framework fracture.
Do adverse effects of dental materials exist? What are the consequences, and how can they be diagnosed and treated?
Authors: Schedle Andreas , Örtengren Ulf , Eidler Nicole , Gabauer Michael , Hensten Arne
Published: June 2007

Objectives: All dental biomaterials release substances into the oral environment to a varying degree. Various preclinical biocompatibility test systems have been introduced, aiming at an evaluation of the potential risks of dental materials. Potential pathogenic effects of released substances from dental materials have been demonstrated. For the biocompatibility of a biomaterial, it is not only important that minimal diffusable substances are released when it is in body contact – the material must also fulfill the function for which it has been designed. This is also very much dependent on the material properties and its handling properties. The aim of this review was to generate an overview of the present status concerning adverse reactions among patients and personnel.

Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed using a defined search strategy in order to evaluate all MEDLINE‐literature published between 1996 and 2006.

Results: The compilation of the literature available has revealed that the majority of studies have been carried out on patients compared with personnel. Adverse reactions towards dental materials do occur, but the prevalence and incidence are difficult to obtain. The results were essentially based on cohort studies. Clinical trials, especially randomized‐controlled trials, are in the minority of all studies investigated, with the exception of composite and bonding studies, where clinical trials, but not randomized‐controlled trials, represent the majority of studies. Patients and personnel were treated separately in the manuscript. Amalgam studies show the lowest degree of verified material‐related diagnosis. Even if objective symptoms related to adverse reactions with polymer resin‐based materials have been reported, postoperative sensitivity dominates reports concerning composites/bondings. Verified occupational effects among dental personnel show a low frequency of allergy/toxic reactions. Irritative hand eczema seemed to be more common than in the general population.

Conclusions: Patient‐ and personnel‐related studies are of variable quality and can be improved. There is a need for a better description of the content of materials. A registry for adverse effects of dental materials would be useful to detect the occurrence of low‐incidence events.
The role of direct intraoral sensors in the provision of endodontic services
Authors: Lavelle C. L. B.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The recent commercial success of intraoral sensor systems largely reflects the quest to improve the quality assurances for endodontic services. The many advantages of these systems include reduced radiation exposures, real‐time images, resolution improvements after initial image capture and archival benefits, although their diagnostic benefits over conventional film‐based radiographs remain a concern. For instance, thc images from either charge‐coupled device or storage phosphor sensors have yet to exceed the potential 50 μm spatial and 12‐bit contrast resolutions obtained from the 1.75–6.40 μm silver grain emulsions of conventional films or the potential improvements derived from smaller (1 μm) grains. Intraoral sensor systems alone are therefore unlikely to improve the quality assuranccs for endodontic services.
The effect of mechanical trauma on the tooth germ of rat molars at various developmental stages: a histopathological study
Authors: Taniguchi K. , Okamura K. , Hayashi M. , Funakoshi T. , Motokawa W.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Intrusive trauma was experimentally applied to the tooth germ at different developmental stages in the rat first molar. The tooth germ at the earliest (postnatal day 1, initiating stage of enamel matrix formation) and the latest (postnatal day 10, calcifying stage of preformed enamcl matrix) developmental stages studied showed localized enamel hypoplasia as a direct sequela of trauma. Thc tooth germs in which enamel matrix was rapidly thickening (postnatal days 3, 5, 7) and had not yet started to calcify showed the most intense and extensive injuries to the formation and structural organization of both enamel and dentin. As for indirect effects secondary to trauma, tooth germ dislocation was observed chiefly in tooth germs at the same developmental stages, frequently resulting in ankylosis. The present experimental model may be helpful for clarifying thc histogenesis of traumatic changes in the developing tooth germ.
Patient and parental awareness of the importance of immediate management of traumatised teeth
Authors: Sae‐Lim V. , Chulaluk K. , Lim L. P.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The purpose of this study was to assess patient and parental awareness of the importance of immediate management of traumatised teeth. A three‐part questionnaire comprising questions on demographic data, attitude and knowledge was distributed to patients or accompanying parents who presented to the principal author for treatment in an 8‐week period. One hundred and fifty‐seven respondents with a mean age of 31.1 years participated in the study. Only 30% of the respondents recalled having had previous experience of dental trauma. The majority of the respondents, especially those with a higher educational background, had a positive attitude, expressing enthusiasm for public education on emergency management of dental trauma (85%). The availability of an emergency service during office. hours was known by 71% of the respondents while only 26% were aware of the after‐office‐hour emergency service. Participants generally had a better concept of management of avulsed teeth (63%) compared to that of fractured teeth (35%). Knowledge on some critical aspects of the handling of avulsed teeth was poor (6%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that the respondents' attitude tended to be influenced by their educational background (P=0.08). In addition, subjects with higher education were more knowdedgeable regarding the emergency service available during office hours (P=0.05) and the concept of management of fractured teeth (P=0.02). Educational background appeared to influence the level of awareness of the importance of immediate management of traumatised teeth.
Treatment of a vertical root fracture
Authors: Funato A. , Funato H. , Matsumoto K.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— This case report presents the successful non‐surgical treatment of a vertically fractured tooth by cementation with adhesive resin.
Infraposition of ankylosed permanent maxillary incisors after replantation related to age and sex
Authors: Kawanami M. , Andreasen J. O. , Borum M. K. , Schou S. , Hjerting‐Hansen E. , Kato H.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The extent of infraposition of replanted and subsequently ankylosed permanent incisors was examined in a longitudinal study of 52 patients. Study cast models were made during the follow‐up period. Infraposition was evaluated on frontal photos of the study cast models taken parallel with the occlusal plane. The extent of infraposition was defined as the difference between the position of the incisal edge of the replanted incisor and the adjacent non‐injured incisor in apicocoronal direction, measured with a digital caliper at 50 X magnification of the negatives. The precision of this measuring procedure was 2.9% and the accuracy 2.0%. Marked infraposition was identified if the tooth was traumatized before the age of 16 in boys and before the age of 14 in girls. In addition, infraposition was observed when ankylosis developed in patients aged 20–30 years, with a yearly mean infraposition rate of 0.07 mm/year (range: 0.02–0.21 mmlyear) in males and 0.07 mm/year (range: 0.00–0.12 mmlyear) in females. The latter findings supported the concept of slow continuous eruption of the teeth. This phenomenon may have implications not only for the treatment of traumatized teeth but also for the treatment of tooth loss by osseointegrated implants, which represent an analogue to the ankylosed replanted tooth.
Clinical experience of root canal filling by ultrasonic condensation of gutta‐percha
Authors: Zmener O. , Banegas G.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Ninety human teeth with a total of 181 prepared root canals were filled with the use of ultrasonically energized spreaders as an aid for lateral condensation of gutta‐percha cones. The results were evaluated on the basis of clinical and radiographic criteria. Adequate fillings were found in 93% of the canals and the overall success rate was 93%. All of the recalled patients were clinically comfortable.
Dye leakage and SEM study of roots obturated with Thermafill and dentin bonding agent
Authors: Mannocci F. , Innocenti M. , Bertelli E. , Ferrari M.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The apical seal of roots obturated with a dentin bonding agent and Thermafill with and without the use of sodium hypo‐chlorite as an irrigating solution was compared by a dye leakage test. Roots obturated with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer were used as controls. Thirty‐eight roots were prepared chemomech‐anically and divided into three experimental groups. The teeth of group 1 were filled with Thermafill and the dentin bonding agent using sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant. The teeth of group 2 were filled in the same way, but saline solution was used as the irrigant. Before the root canal was filled the smear layer was removed from the root canal walls of both groups by rinsing the root canal with a 17% EDTA solution. The teeth of group 3 were filled with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution. The root fillings of groups 1 and 2 leaked significantly more than those of group 3. The resin‐dentin‐guttaper‐cha interface of group 1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed a typical hybrid layer. An intimate contact between resin and dentin was present in group 2, but a resin‐dentin inter‐diffusion zone was only occasionally observed. The use of dental adhesives and the hybrid layer formation did not improve the seal of Thermafill root canal Wings.
Trauma to primary teeth of South African pre‐school children
Authors: Hargreaves J. A. , Cleaton‐Jones P. E. , Roberts G. J. , Williams S. , Matejka J. M.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— A clinical survey of 1466 children of typical South African communities showed a prevalence rate of primary tooth trauma of 15%. Trauma was least common at age 1–2 years (10.7%) and most common at 4–5 years (20.6%). The commonest trauma seen was fracture of enamel only (71.8%) followed by fracture of dentine (11.2%), tooth loss (8.2%) and discolouration without other sign of injury (5.6%).
Accuracy of four electronic apex locators: an in vitro evaluation
Authors: Moor R. J. G. De , Hommez G. M. G. , Martens L. C. , Boever J. G. De
Published: June 2007

Abstract— In the present study, the accuracy and operator dependency of four electronic canal length measuring devices (Apex Finder AFA Model 7005, Apex‐Finder, Neosono Ultima EZ and Apit 2) were compared under a set of specified conditions. The electronic apex locators were tested in unflared dry, flared wet and flared dry canals, and in a gelatin as well as in a sodium hypochlorite sponge model. Fifteen extracted single‐canaled teeth were selected. The differences between canal lengths obtained by the electronic apex locators and actual canal lengths were scored. Only the Apex‐Finder was found to be unreliable (measurements higher than ±0.5 mm from the apical foramen). This device was also found to be particularly dependent on operator. A ranking based on a precision of ± 0.1 mm from the apical foramen showed the Apex Finder AFA Model 7005 to be the most accurate. Early coronal flaring did not ensure better or more precise readings. The gelatin model was evaluated to be more suitable for testing electronic apex locators in vitro than the sodium hypochlorite model.
Severe lateral luxation and root fracture: report of a case with 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Delbem A. C. B. , Cunha R. F. , Percinoto C. , da Silva L. B. G.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— A case of severe lateral luxation and root fracture in upper incisors is reported. Treatment involved the repositioning and fixation of the injured teeth and endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide. The importance of long‐term follow‐up is emphasized.
Brain abscesses caused by oral infection
Authors: Li X. , Tronstad L. , Olsen I.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Brain abscesses are rare but can be life‐threatening infections. Recent progress in microbiological classification and identification has indicated that they are sometimes caused by oral infection and dental treatment. It has been postulated that oral microorganisms may enter the cranium by several pathways: 1) by direct extension, 2) by hematogenous spread, 3) by local lymphatics, and 4) indirectly, by extraoral odontogenic infection. In the direct extension, oral infections spread along the fascial planes. Hematogenous spreading occurs along the facial, angular, ophthalmic, or other veins which lack valves, through the cavernous sinus and into the cranium. Another hematogenous pathway is through the general circulation. Oral bacteria may cause systemic infections, e.g., endocarditis, and then indirectly initiate brain abscess. Microbiota, complications, and the prevention and management of odontogenic brain abscesses are also discussed in this review.
β‐Hemolytic streptococci and other β‐hemolytic organisms in apical periodontitis and severe marginal periodontitis
Authors: Johnson B. T. , Mayo J. A. , Jeansonne B. G.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Thirteen teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis and nine severe periodontal pockets were cultured for presence of β‐hemolytic streptococci and other β‐hemolytic organisms. Samples were dispersed and plated on two non‐selective and one selective growth media and incubated anaerobically and in 10% CO2 in air. A total of 59 β‐hemolytic colonies were purified and identified. Eight β‐hemolytic streptococcal isolates were obtained from three of the severe marginal periodontitis sites. All were identified as belonging to the Streptococcus sanguis group. No β‐hemolytic streptococci were detected in apical periodontitis samples. Twenty obligately anaerobic isolates were detected, all of which were known periodontal and endodontic pathogens. Isolates from apical periodontitis sites were identified as Propionibactrium acnes, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Peptostreptococcus micros, while severe marginal periodontal sites contained the same species with the addition of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces meyeri. Of 19 staphylococci and micrococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant isolate in both apical periodontitis and severe marginal periodontitis sites. However, less commonly known organisms such as Staphylococcus cohnii and Micrococcus sp. were identified in severe marginal periodontitis sites. The isolation of Bacillus sp. (12 isolates) in one severe marginal periodontitis and two apical periodontitis subjects was especially interesting, warranting consideration of this organism as a legitimate isolate and potential pathogen in oral disease.
Endotoxin activity measured by limulus assay
Authors: Haight‐Ponce E. , Endo H. , Horiuchi H.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The binding activity of endotoxin (Escherichia coli 0111) to dentin powder pre‐treated with 10% sodium hypochlorite and with 3% hydrogen peroxide was investigated. This was carried out for periods of 30, 10 and 1 min. The endotoxin was diluted into 100 ng/ml solutions. Dentin powder suspended in a 34 μg/ml protein concentration was used in the study. The limulus amoebocyte lysate test was used to determine the amount of endotoxin binding, which was measured by the microtiter plate reader. The binding activity level of that concentration of endotoxin was significantly lower in dentin powder treated with 10% sodium hypochlorite than in that treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide at 1 and 10 min. Endotoxin binding activity measured the lowest in the 30 min test period.
Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 9–12‐year‐old school children in Damascus, Syria
Authors: Marcenes W. , Beiruti N. Al , Tayfour D. , Issa S.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— This cross‐sectional survey was carried out to assess epi‐demiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of Syrian children. It included 1087 children aged 9 to 12 years, of both sexes, randomly selected from public and private primary schools in Damascus. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors rose from 5.2% at the age of 9 years to 11.7% at the age of 12 years (P= 0.007). The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The majority (59.8%) of children who had experienced injuries to the permanent incisors reported that they were not taken to the dentist for evaluation or treatment of the damage. Among those children who had experienced traumatic injuries to the teeth 93.1% presented with untreated damage. Because some injuries were minor, such as small enamel fractures, the proportion of children who needed treatment was 63.2%. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5 mm to have experienced dental injuries (P=0.06). Children with inadequate lip coverage were more likely to have experienced dental injuries than those with adequate lip coverage (P=0.000). The most common reported cause of injuries to the permanent incisors was violence (42.5%), followed by traffic accidents (24.1%), collisions with people or inanimate objects (16.0%) and falls (9.1%). In conclusion, traumatic dental injury may pose a serious dental public health problem.
Coronal leakage along apical root fillings after immediate and delayed post space preparation
Authors: Fan B. , Wu M.‐K. , Wesselink P. R.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The seal provided by a full‐length root canal filling may be compromised by post space preparation. Eighty human man‐dibular premolars each with a single canal were obturated with laterally condensed gutta‐percha cones and a sealer. Immediate post space preparation was carried out on half the number of teeth and delayed post space preparation on the remaining 40 teeth. Leakage along the apical root fillings was determined using a fluid transport device under a head space pressure of 30 kPa (0.3 atm). More leakage was found after delayed preparation than after immediate preparation (P= 0.0059).
Replantation of avulsed central incisor with advanced periodontal disease: a case report
Authors: Casterline A. C.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— This paper describes the case of a 31 ‐year‐old woman with advanced periodontal dlsease who lost a tooth due to trauma. The avulsed tooth had minimal bony support of only 4—‐5 mm. The patient described was under good periodontal maintenance. The tooth was kept moist, and replantation occurred within an hour of avulsion. The tooth was returned to its position, splinted, and later endodontically treated. After 2 years the tooth appears and functions normally as it did before avulsion.
Pain and new cultural diseases
Authors: Ehlers Lise
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The purpose of this article is to recount a piece of medical history, even though it has been told many times before.

Everyone has heard about patients who visit their doctors time and again with physical complaints without the physician being able to find an adequate organic cause. The oldest descriptions of this illness can be found on ancient Egyptian papyrus rolls, dating back to about the year 1900 BC (Shorter F. A history of psychosomatic illness in the modern era. New York: Macmillan;1992). The need to tell these stories repeatedly can be attributed to the chameleonic nature of the illness which is difficult to spot because of its changing expression, which one could say takes on the appearance of its surroundings. Throughout history, humans have had the capacity to develop symptoms almost identical with the real diseases of the time. The term somatize is often used descriptively about patients with physical complaints without any recognizable organic basis. Shorter proposes that mankind has a shared “symptom‐pool” containing all existing symptoms. Patients who convert their mental state into bodily symptoms ‐ somatization ‐ take their symptoms from this symptom‐pool, albeit it is possible for new symptoms to emerge. For centuries patients have presented with sensory symptoms such as paresthesias. In the 19th century patients began to exhibit motorial symptoms with attacks of hysteria. According to Shorter's theory, this multitude of manifestations should be perceived as culturally determined or as different expressions of the same underlying phenomenon.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of selected desensitizing agents in the dentine disc model
Authors: Gillam D. G. , Khan N. , Maidan N. J. , Barbe P. M.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Dentine sensitivity is a painful clinical condition that can affect up to 35% of the population at any one time. Both professionally available (in‐office) or commercially available (over‐the‐counter) products have been used to treat dentine sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selected in‐office desensitizing agents occluded dentine tubules in the dentine disc model. Both surface effects and tubule penetration of the five selected test products were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present study appeared to demonstrate that all of the applied desensitizing agents produced some occlusion of the tubules although the level of coverage and occlusion vaned between the products. Of all the agents tested, ferric oxalate, the active ingredient of Sensodyne Sealant, produced crystal‐like structures which occluded a higher proportion of the tubules across the dentine disc surface. ALL‐BOND 2 and One‐Step (both light‐cured primer systems) produced similar crystal‐like structures and, although coverage was not uniform across the disc surface, there was some reduction in tubule diameter. These three products, however, appeared to be more effective than either Butler Protect (potassium oxalate) or Oxa‐gel (potassium oxalate in a gel) where there was a marked decrease in both the level of coverage and tubule occlusion. Both quantitative and functional studies are required in order to determine the effects of these agents on dentine permeability (fluid flow) as well as clinical studies to determine their effectiveness over time in reducing pain arising from dentine sensitivity.
Endodontic treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population of Vilnius, Lithuania
Authors: Sidaravicius B. , Aleksejuniene J. , Eriksen H. M.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Apical periodontitis is prevalent in many Western populations and is frequently detected in connection with inferior quality of endodontic treatment. However, information about endodontic conditions from eastern European countries is limited. The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in 35–44‐year‐old Lithuanians. The prevalence of apical periodontitis was 70%. An overall success rate of 65% was found for root‐filled teeth while 56% of pulp amputations (pulpotomies) were considered successful based on a radiographic evaluation. The quality of the root fillings showed little impact on the treatment results, except for over‐extended fillings, which were associated with a high number of failures.
Reinnervation in the canine periodontal ligament of replanted teeth using an antibody to protein gene product 9.5: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Yamada H. , Maeda T. , Hanada K. , Takano Y.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The re‐innervation process in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general marker for neurons, and by electron microscopy. Within 1 week of replantation, the periodontal fibers had regenerated, filling the narrow spaces between the alveolar bone and the root surface around the cervical and apical regions. Near the root apex, however, no PGP 9.5‐im‐munopositive nerve fibers were found in the regenerated periodontal ligament except for those in the alveolar half of the ligament. At 2 weeks after replantation, many nerve fibers positive for PGP 9.5 had ascended the periodontal ligament from the thick nerve bundles located near the root apex. Fine nerve endings showing complicated ramification were also present in the apical region. By 3 or 4 weeks after replantation, the vascular network was regenerated and principal periodontal fibers were re‐established throughout the entire length of the periodontal ligament. The extensively ramified PGP 9.5‐immunopositive structures had increased in thickness and density and showed characteristic treelike profiles by 3 weeks. Electron microscopy confirmed that most of these structures were Ruffini‐like endings, and demonstrated that such nerve terminals were almost regenerated by 4 weeks post‐replantation. These results indicated that, in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth, the regeneration of the nerve fibers including mechanosensory receptors first showed signs of regeneration by 2 weeks following tooth replantation and proceeded rapidly thereafter. Regeneration of the periodontal ligament including fiber architecture as well as vascular and neural elements was almost complete by 4 weeks after replantation.
Incidence of dentofacial injuries in children: a 2‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Vanderas A. P. , Papagiannoulis L.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— In this prospective study the incidence of dentofacial injuries in 199 children aged 8 to 10 years was analyzed. Dentofacial injuries were recorded by a questionnaire and a clinical examination. After the first examination, each subject was re‐examined at yearly intervals over a period of 2 years. Incidence rates were calculated in percentages and the chi‐square was applied to test statistical differences. The 95% probability level was used. Results showed that the overall incidence of dentofacial injuries was 45.2%. The percentages for boys and girls were 28.6 and 16.6 respectively. The chi‐square test showed significant gender differences, while differences by age were not significant. The highest incidence was recorded for dental injury followed by facial injury, historical evidence of injury and dental and facial injury.
Apical microleakage after lateral condensation, hybrid gutta‐percha condensation and Soft‐Core obturation: an in vitro evaluation
Authors: Moor R. J. G. De , Martens L. C.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the apical seal of root canals filled with a cold lateral condensation, a hybrid gutta‐percha condensation technique and with Soft‐Core obturators. Three groups of 35 maxillary anterior teeth and four control anterior teeth were treated with a crown‐down/step‐back technique. All roots were submerged in India ink for 1 week. The roots were cleared and the degree of linear dye penetration was measured. The mean apical leakage for the Soft‐Core technique was at least twice as extensive as for the two other gutta‐percha obturation techniques. No statistically significant differences were found between the two other condensation techniques.
Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in endodontics
Authors: Potočnik I. , Bajrović F.
Published: June 2007

Potočnik I, Bajrović F. Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in endodontics. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 247–251. © Munksgaard, 1999.

Abstract — Analgesia is essential for successful completion of modern dental procedures. Standard inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the primary method used to achieve mandibular analgesia. Difficulty experienced in obtaining satisfactory analgesia after IANB, especially of an acutely inflamed mandibular molar, remains a common clinical problem. Even when a proper technique is employed, clinical studies show that IANB fails in approximately 30% to 45% of cases. The reasons for failure are not fully understood. Anatomical considerations and abnormal physiological responses in the presence of inflammation as explanations for IANB failure are discussed in this paper.
Clinical evaluation of gIutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars
Authors: Shumayrikh N. Y. , Adenubi J. O.
Published: June 2007

Shumayrikh NM, Adenubi JO. Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 259–264. © Munksgaard, 1999.

Abstract — The objectives of this study were to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde in pulpotomies of human primary molars and to compare the success rate of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol as dressing material on the radicular pulp. Pulpotomies were completed on 61 primary molars in 19 children. The teeth were divided into two groups by random allocation. One group had a dressing of zinc oxide‐eugenol base (IRM) incorporated with one drop of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde while the other group had a dressing of calcium hydroxide base incorporated with one drop of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde after the initial placement of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde on cotton pellet for 3 min. All teeth had light‐curing compomer (Dyract) placed over the dressing material followed by a stainless steel crown restoration within 1 or 2 weeks after the pulpotomy. Blind clinical and radiographic evaluations of 57 teeth available after 12 months showed a success rate of 92.9% and 73.6% respectively. The clinical and radiographic success rates for glutaraldehyde/zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomies were 96.5% and 75.8% respectively while those for glutaraldehyde‐calcium hydroxide were 89.2% and 71.4%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups either clinically or radiographi‐cally. The overall clinical success rate suggested that 2% buffered glutaraldehyde was an effective agent in the pulpotomy of human primary molars.
Silent trauma
Authors: Simon J. H. S. , Lies J.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Patients who present with discolored and/or symptomatic anterior teeth for which there are no obvious etiologic factors should be carefully questioned regarding their past surgical history. If the patient denies a history of trauma yet relates a recent, (2–5 years) history of undergoing general anesthesia, a differential diagnosis including trauma secondary to endotracheal intubation should be considered.
In vitro antibacterial effect of RC‐Prep components on Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Steinberg D. , Abid‐El‐Raziq O. , Heling I.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The aim of this study was to examine the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the components of RC‐Prep: EDTA, urea peroxide and glycol. The minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidic concentration of EDTA, urea peroxide and glycol were tested on the viability of Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). The combined antibacterial effect of these components was also examined on S. sobrinus. The minimal inhibitory concentration of EDTA was found to be 0.125%, of urea peroxide 0.25%, and of glycol 30%. The minimal bactericidic concentration of EDTA was 0.25%, of urea peroxide 0.5% and of glycol 50%. An antibacterial synergistic effect was found between specific combinations of urea peroxide, EDTA and glycol. No antagonistic effects were found in the various combinations between the components. The antimicrobial effect of the components of RC‐Prep was enhanced in specific combinations of the ingredients. This effect might contribute to the intracanal cleansing properties of this medication.
Proliferative activity in the juxtaradicular human periodontal ligament
Authors: Sayaniwas M. , Hilliges M. , Lindskog S.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— The aim of the present study was to evaluate cell proliferation, assessed by MIB 1, with respect to the type and the distribution of proliferating cells in the healthy juxtaradicular periodontal ligament (PDL) from completely formed human teeth. Immunohistochemical markers against vimentin, CD68 and S‐100 were used to characterize cell type. The applicability of the immunohistochemical method on explants of human PDL was also evaluated. The results indicated that under physiological conditions, the majority of the proliferating cells in the PDL were mesenchymal cells predominantly located paravascularly in the middle third of the PDL. Furthermore, MIB 1 reacting with the Ki‐67 antigen together with the avidin‐biotin‐complex technique was proved to be an efficient marker of cell proliferation in explants of human PDL.
Computerized tomography in the management and follow‐up of extensive periapical lesion
Authors: Cotti E. , Vargiu P. , Dettori C. , Mallatini G.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Radiographs are good diagnostic aids in endodontics, although they have limitations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of computerized tomography in differential diagnosis, treatment planning, follow‐up and overall clinical management of complex periapical lesions. A clinical case of an extensive symptomatic periapical lesion of the upper jaw is presented, in which the use of computerized tomography allowed evaluation of the true extent of the lesion and its spatial relationship to important anatomical landmarks. Computerized tomography also provided specific information about the type of lesion and the degree of bone repair which had taken place 18 months after non‐surgical treatment had been completed.
Bilateral pulmonary aspiration of intact teeth following maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Delap T. G. , Dowllng P. A. , McGilligan T. , Vijaya‐Sekaran S.
Published: June 2007

Abstract— Tooth aspiration is one of the rare sequelae of dental trauma. When this does occur, the right bronchus is usually involved in adults due to the anatomical configuration. In this unusual case, two teeth were aspirated with one entering each lung. While the outcome from cases of aspiration of foreign bodies is usually favourable, this case serves to illustrate one of the possible unfavourable consequences.
Deliberation Quality: A Preliminary Examination in Criminal Juries
Authors: Devine Dennis J. , Buddenbaum Jennifer , Houp Stephanie , Stolle Dennis P. , Studebaker Nathan
Published: June 2007

Large‐scale studies of the deliberation process in actual juries have been surprisingly rare, and relatively little attention has been devoted to how well juries deliberate. This study identified a set of process‐related criteria relevant to the quality of criminal jury deliberations and examined empirical relationships between indicators of these criteria and jury verdicts. Data were obtained via posttrial surveys from jurors and legal professionals associated with 179 criminal jury trials in Indiana. The quality of deliberations varied across the process criteria, with juries reportedly doing fairly well in terms of understanding their instructions and reviewing the evidence, but not as well with regard to systematically gathering input from their members, adopting an evidence‐driven deliberation style, and avoiding factionalism. Several deliberation variables were also strongly related to jury verdicts, particularly the foreperson's initial verdict stance and the emergence of an identifiable pro‐acquittal faction leader. Discussion of reasonable doubt and thoroughness of evidence review also tended to be negatively correlated with conviction even when strength of evidence was controlled. This study calls attention to the importance of deliberation quality.
Lay Assessors of German Administrative Courts: Fairness, Power‐Distance Orientation, and Deliberation Activity
Authors: Machura Stefan
Published: June 2007

German administrative courts employ lay assessors who decide cases together with professional judges. The mixed court is comprised of three professional judges and two lay assessors and decisions require a simple majority. This article compares the experience of East and West German lay assessors using samples from two provinces. The two groups did not differ substantially in their self‐reported participation during deliberations. Issues of distributive and procedural fairness are crucial for the way lay assessors experience their work. Lay assessors disagree with professional judges more often when their sense of justice is at issue. Lay assessors are most successful when the professional judges treat them as equal partners. Female lay assessors participated less frequently than males but this was not an effect of gender distribution in the tribunal. Differences in formal education did not help explain deliberation activity. Respondents with “high” power‐distance orientation (social distance between those in power and those who are to obey) less often disagreed with professional judges. This high orientation is more frequent in the East. In addition to these specific factors, the institutional setting is a most important factor affecting the experience of the lay assessors.