bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Variations in Earthquake Triggering Mechanisms During Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing in Western Canada
Authors: Zhang Fangxue , Wang Ruijia , Chen Yunfeng , Chen Yangkang
Published: August 2022

Dense arrays deployed near the hydraulic fracturing (HF) wells greatly enhance the understanding of injection‐induced seismicity. In this study, we revisit the continuous recordings that are acquired by 69 three‐component nodes at an HF site in Alberta, Canada, taking advantage of a machine learning‐based seismic detection and location workflow. The obtained new earthquake catalog contains 21,619 events with relative location errors of <1 m, which exceeds ∼20% of the number of earthquakes (18,040) reported previously (Igonin et al., 2021). This high‐resolution catalog reveals the distribution of earthquake sequences at much improved spatiotemporal resolution and illustrates several previously unmapped faults/fractures. Earthquake frequency‐magnitude distribution reveals that the average b value increases with depth from ∼1.1 above 3.5 km to ∼2.5 at greater depths. Further spatial analysis of seismic clusters indicates that the b value varies laterally (∼1–1.7) at shallow depths and is inversely related to the proximity to injection wells in conjunction with the change in structural types (i.e., reactivated fault and pre‐existing fracture). The seismic sequence on the north‐south oriented faults also shows a distinctive occurrence pattern and temporal affinity to the fracturing network reactivation between the two stages of HF operations. The change in faulting behavior could reflect a shift of dominating triggering mechanisms and physical processes from (a) the rapid diffusion of pore fluid pressure along pre‐existing fracture corridors to (b) the cascade migration of earthquake sequences in response to the cumulative Coulomb stress perturbation on the fluid‐lubricated, critically stressed faults.
Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (7Be, 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere
Authors: Golubenko K. , Rozanov E. , Kovaltsov G. , Usoskin I.
Published: August 2022

Cosmogenic isotopes are produced by cosmic rays mostly in the middle‐low atmosphere and then take part in the complicated processes of atmospheric transport and deposition that are different for the stratosphere and troposphere. Cosmogenic isotopes are continuously produced by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with a hard energy spectrum and sporadically by solar energetic particles (SEPs) with much softer energy spectra. The partition of the isotope production between the stratosphere and troposphere in different latitudinal zones depends on the spectrum of cosmic rays, geomagnetic shielding, and the tropopause shape. The exact zonal distribution of the isotope production is not accurately known and needs to be precisely modeled as well as the isotopes' transport and deposition in climatic reconstruction. Here, we present the results of the computations of 14C, 36Cl, 10Be, and 7Be cosmogenic isotope production in the Earth's atmosphere using the CRAC model. We provide zonal mean production rates separately for the stratosphere and troposphere in three latitudinal zones: tropical (0°–30°), midlatitude (30°–60°), and polar (60°–90°). The computations were performed for four scenarios: (a) production by GCR during a solar‐cycle minimum; (b) production by GCR during a solar‐cycle maximum; (c) SEP event with the hardest known spectrum (GLE#5); and (d) the strongest known soft‐spectrum SEP event (GLE#24). The results confirm that, while all the latitudinal zones are relatively important for the isotopes produced by GCR, isotope production by SEPs in the tropical zone is small and can be neglected. The results are coupled to the SOCOL‐AER2‐BE chemistry‐climate model and can be used for a simplified parametric modeling of the isotopes' atmospheric transport, for the conditions typical for the Holocene.
Thicknesses of Mare Basalts in the Chang’E‐5 Landing Region: Implications for the Late‐Stage Volcanism on the Moon
Authors: Du Jun , Fa Wenzhe , Gong Shengxia , Liu Yang , Qiao Le , Tai Yushan , Zhang Feng , Zou Yongliao
Published: August 2022

China's Chang’E‐5 mission has collected lunar samples from a young mare plain with elevated thorium contents in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. In this study, we first established a local stratigraphic column of the landing region based on the radial variation of the titanium content in the ejecta of large penetrating craters, and we found that the landing region was flooded by at least four layers of mare basalts. By using the latest imagery, spectral, topographic, and gravity data, we then estimated the basalt thickness of each layer based on the excavation depth of penetrating craters, the morphology of partially buried craters, and the effective density spectrum technique, which can help to better understand the late‐stage volcanism on the Moon. Our results show that the four layers of basaltic lava flows in the landing region have accumulated thicknesses of 9–175, 11–167, 19–478, and 0–800 m. Combined with surface areas and ages of the basaltic units, we then calculated the eruption rate of mare basalts in the landing region, which shows an uptick at about 2 Ga. This result indicates a rejuvenated volcanic activity on the Moon, most likely due to the presence of heat‐producing elements in the KREEP layer. Alternatively, the long‐standing volcanism in this region could be also sustained by extra heating induced by the tidal force and/or a thin crust layer that favors the magma ascent.
Ionospheric Response to the M‐ and X‐Class Solar Flares of 28 October 2021 Over the African Sector
Authors: Habarulema John Bosco , Tshisaphungo Mpho , Katamzi‐Joseph Zama Thobeka , Matamba Tshimangadzo Merline , Nndanganeni Rendani
Published: August 2022

On the 28 October 2021, a total of thirteen solar flares occurred. Of these, there were two M‐ and one X‐class solar flares while the rest fell within the C‐class category. The first and second M‐class flares peaked at 0740 UT and 1028 UT, respectively, while the X1.0 class reached the peak at 1535 UT. While it is known that strong solar flares cause total absorption of frequencies in the high frequency (HF) range, the F2 layer was consistently present on 28 October 2021 as shown by the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2). However, using South African ionosonde data over Hermanus (34.4°S, 19.2°E) and Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), we show that the lower frequencies in the E and F1 layers were the most affected by the M‐class solar flares. Following the peak of the M2.2 solar flare at 1028 UT, an enhancement reaching about 12% over the background in total electron content (TEC) is observed on 28 October 2021 especially in the Southern hemispheric part of the African sector within the latitude range of 20°–40°S. In response, mid latitude ionosonde data showed that there were no echoes from the E and F1 layers for about 2 hr during ≈1025–1225 UT, restricting complex modes of HF communication such as double hops (1F1E) utilizing a combination of more than one ionospheric layer.
Salt‐Detached Strike‐Slip Faulting, Outer Kwanza Basin, Offshore Angola
Authors: Erdi Aurio , Jackson Christopher A.‐L.
Published: August 2022

We here use a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to examine the structure and growth of salt‐detached strike‐slip faults. The faults occur in four, up to 13.8 km‐long, NE‐trending arrays that are physically linked by restraining bends and releasing stepovers, and which presently overlie Aptian salt and base‐salt relief related to pre‐salt faulting. We suggest that these faults formed to accommodate along‐margin variations in the rate and magnitude of differential seaward translation and salt diapirism, which commenced in the Early Cretaceous. We illustrate that the arrays grew by tip propagation of isolated fault segments, some of which linked during the Albian‐Cenomanian (i.e., 113–100.5 Ma, or the initial 11%–13% of their deformation history). Some arrays then reached their near‐final length within the subsequent ca. 77 Ma (or the next 69%–81% of their deformation history), while others attained this later, during the subsequent ca. 18 Ma (i.e., after 95% of their deformation history). During this time, the segments formed and then breached releasing and restraining stepovers, with the arrays as a whole growing by alternating periods of lengthening and throw accumulation, punctuated by phases of inactivity. Our results also show that scatter in the D‐L scaling of strike‐slip faults reflects the propagation, interaction, and linkage of individual segments.
Functional control of oscillator networks
Authors: Menara Tommaso , Baggio Giacomo , Bassett Dani , Pasqualetti Fabio
Published: August 2022

Oscillatory activity is ubiquitous in natural and engineered network systems. The interaction scheme underlying interdependent oscillatory components governs the emergence of network-wide patterns of synchrony that regulate and enable complex functions. Yet, understanding, and ultimately harnessing, the structure-function relationship in oscillator networks remains an outstanding challenge of modern science. Here, we address this challenge by presenting a principled method to prescribe exact and robust functional configurations from local network interactions through optimal tuning of the oscillators’ parameters. To quantify the behavioral synchrony between coupled oscillators, we introduce the notion of functional pattern, which encodes the pairwise relationships between the oscillators’ phases. Our procedure is computationally efficient and provably correct, accounts for constrained interaction types, and allows to concurrently assign multiple desired functional patterns. Further, we derive algebraic and graph-theoretic conditions to guarantee the feasibility and stability of target functional patterns. These conditions provide an interpretable mapping between the structural constraints and their functional implications in oscillator networks. As a proof of concept, we apply the proposed method to replicate empirically recorded functional relationships from cortical oscillations in a human brain, and to redistribute the active power flow in different models of electrical grids.
Thermal adaptation best explains Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules across ecologically diverse shorebirds
Authors: McQueen Alexandra , Klaassen Marcel , Tattersall Glenn J. , Atkinson Robyn , Jessop Roz , Hassell Chris J. , Christie Maureen ,   Victorian Wader Study Group,   Australasian Wader Studies Group, Symonds Matthew R. E.
Published: August 2022

Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules state that endotherms should be larger and have shorter appendages in cooler climates. However, the drivers of these rules are not clear. Both rules could be explained by adaptation for improved thermoregulation, including plastic responses to temperature in early life. Non-thermal explanations are also plausible as climate impacts other factors that influence size and shape, including starvation risk, predation risk, and foraging ecology. We assess the potential drivers of Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules in 30 shorebird species using extensive field data (>200,000 observations). We show birds in hot, tropical northern Australia have longer bills and smaller bodies than conspecifics in temperate, southern Australia, conforming with both ecogeographical rules. This pattern is consistent across ecologically diverse species, including migratory birds that spend early life in the Arctic. Our findings best support the hypothesis that thermoregulatory adaptation to warm climates drives latitudinal patterns in shorebird size and shape.
TET enzymes regulate skeletal development through increasing chromatin accessibility of RUNX2 target genes
Authors: Wang Lijun , You Xiuling , Ruan Dengfeng , Shao Rui , Dai Hai-Qiang , Shen Weiliang , Xu Guo-Liang , Liu Wanlu , Zou Weiguo
Published: August 2022

The Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases mediate cytosine demethylation by catalyzing the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). TET-mediated DNA demethylation controls the proper differentiation of embryonic stem cells and TET members display functional redundancy during early gastrulation. However, it is unclear if TET proteins have functional significance in mammalian skeletal development. Here, we report thatTetgenes deficiency in mesoderm mesenchymal stem cells results in severe defects of bone development. The existence of any singleTetgene allele can support early bone formation, suggesting a functional redundancy of TET proteins. Integrative analyses of RNA-seq, Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS), 5hmC-Seal and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) demonstrate that TET-mediated demethylation increases the chromatin accessibility of target genes by RUNX2 and facilities RUNX2-regulated transcription. In addition, TET proteins interact with RUNX2 through their catalytic domain to regulate cytosine methylation around RUNX2 binding region. The catalytic domain is indispensable for TET enzymes to regulate RUNX2 transcription activity on its target genes and to regulate bone development. These results demonstrate that TET enzymes function to regulate RUNX2 activity and maintain skeletal homeostasis.
Biocatalytic routes to stereo-divergent iridoids
Authors: Hernández Lozada Néstor J. , Hong Benke , Wood Joshua C. , Caputi Lorenzo , Basquin Jérôme , Chuang Ling , Kunert Maritta , Rodríguez López Carlos E. , Langley Chloe , Zhao Dongyan , Buell C. Robin , Lichman Benjamin R. , O’Connor Sarah E.
Published: August 2022

Thousands of natural products are derived from the fused cyclopentane-pyran molecular scaffold nepetalactol. These natural products are used in an enormous range of applications that span the agricultural and medical industries. For example, nepetalactone, the oxidized derivative of nepetalactol, is known for its cat attractant properties as well as potential as an insect repellent. Most of these naturally occurring nepetalactol-derived compounds arise from only two out of the eight possible stereoisomers, 7S-cis-transand 7R-cis-cisnepetalactols. Here we use a combination of naturally occurring and engineered enzymes to produce seven of the eight possible nepetalactol or nepetalactone stereoisomers. These enzymes open the possibilities for biocatalytic production of a broader range of iridoids, providing a versatile system for the diversification of this important natural product scaffold.
Solid-basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with near complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Grabenstetter Anne , Brogi Edi , Zhang Hong , Razavi Pedram , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , VanZee Kimberly J. , Norton Larry , Wen Hannah Y.
Published: August 2022

Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare subtype of triple negative breast cancer. Two morphologic variants are described, namely classic AdCC (C-AdCC) and solid basaloid (SB-AdCC). Recent studies have shown that the SB-AdCC variant has significantly worse prognosis than C-AdCC. Due to the rarity of SB-AdCC, no standard recommendations are available for its management. Data on the use and benefit of chemotherapy in patients with SB-AdCC are sparse and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not been reported. We present the clinical and pathologic findings of a patient with SB-AdCC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy who achieved a remarkable pathologic response.
Nitrosative stress in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Stykel Morgan G. , Ryan Scott D.
Published: August 2022

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the nigral-striatal pathway. Multiple lines of evidence support a role for reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in degeneration of this pathway, specifically nitric oxide (NO). This review will focus on how RNS leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD and whether RNS accumulation represents a central signal in the degenerative cascade. Herein, we provide an overview of how RNS accumulates in PD by considering the various cellular sources of RNS including nNOS, iNOS, nitrate, and nitrite reduction and describe evidence that these sources are upregulating RNS in PD. We document that over 1/3 of the proteins that deposit in Lewy Bodies, are post-translationally modified (S-nitrosylated) by RNS and provide a broad description of how this elicits deleterious effects in neurons. In doing so, we identify specific proteins that are modified by RNS in neurons which are implicated in PD pathogenesis, with an emphasis on exacerbation of synucleinopathy. How nitration of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) leads to aSyn misfolding and toxicity in PD models is outlined. Furthermore, we delineate how RNS modulates known PD-related phenotypes including axo-dendritic-, mitochondrial-, and dopamine-dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss successful outcomes of therapeutics that target S-nitrosylation of proteins in Parkinson’s Disease related clinical trials. In conclusion, we argue that targeting RNS may be of therapeutic benefit for people in early clinical stages of PD.
A Bayesian network analysis quantifying risks versus benefits of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in Australia
Authors: Sinclair Jane E. , Mayfield Helen J. , Short Kirsty R. , Brown Samuel J. , Puranik Rajesh , Mengersen Kerrie , Litt John C. B. , Lau Colleen L.
Published: August 2022

The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is associated with increased myocarditis incidence. Constantly evolving evidence regarding incidence and case fatality of COVID-19 and myocarditis related to infection or vaccination, creates challenges for risk-benefit analysis of vaccination. Challenges are complicated further by emerging evidence of waning vaccine effectiveness, and variable effectiveness against variants. Here, we build on previous work on the COVID-19 Risk Calculator (CoRiCal) by integrating Australian and international data to inform a Bayesian network that calculates probabilities of outcomes for the delta variant under different scenarios of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine coverage, age groups (≥12 years), sex, community transmission intensity and vaccine effectiveness. The model estimates that in a population where 5% were unvaccinated, 5% had one dose, 60% had two doses and 30% had three doses, there was a substantially greater probability of developing (239–5847 times) and dying (1430–384,684 times) from COVID-19-related than vaccine-associated myocarditis (depending on age and sex). For one million people with this vaccine coverage, where transmission intensity was equivalent to 10% chance of infection over 2 months, 68,813 symptomatic COVID-19 cases and 981 deaths would be prevented, with 42 and 16 expected cases of vaccine-associated myocarditis in males and females, respectively. These results justify vaccination in all age groups as vaccine-associated myocarditis is generally mild in the young, and there is unequivocal evidence for reduced mortality from COVID-19 in older individuals. The model may be updated to include emerging best evidence, data pertinent to different countries or vaccines and other outcomes such as long COVID.
Genetic ancestry and population structure of vaccinia virus
Authors: Molteni Cristian , Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Clerici Mario , Sironi Manuela
Published: August 2022

Vaccinia virus (VACV) was used for smallpox eradication, but its ultimate origin remains unknown. The genetic relationships among vaccine stocks are also poorly understood. We analyzed 63 vaccine strains with different origin, as well horsepox virus (HPXV). Results indicated the genetic diversity of VACV is intermediate between variola and cowpox viruses, and that mutation contributed more than recombination to VACV evolution. STRUCTURE identified 9 contributing subpopulations and showed that the lowest drift was experienced by the ancestry components of Tian Tan and HPXV/Mütter/Mulford genomes. Subpopulations that experienced very strong drift include those that contributed the ancestry of MVA and IHD-W, in good agreement with the very long passage history of these vaccines. Another highly drifted population contributed the full ancestry of viruses sampled from human/cattle infections in Brazil and, partially, to IOC clones, strongly suggesting that the recurrent infections in Brazil derive from the spillback of IOC to the feral state.
Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 as state markers of amyloid-β pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Milà-Alomà Marta , Ashton Nicholas J. , Shekari Mahnaz , Salvadó Gemma , Ortiz-Romero Paula , Montoliu-Gaya Laia , Benedet Andrea L. , Karikari Thomas K. , Lantero-Rodriguez Juan , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Day Theresa A. , González-Escalante Armand , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Minguillon Carolina , Fauria Karine , Molinuevo José Luis , Dage Jeffrey L. , Zetterberg Henrik , Gispert Juan Domingo , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Blennow Kaj
Published: August 2022

Blood biomarkers indicating elevated amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease are needed to facilitate the initial screening process of participants in disease-modifying trials. Previous biofluid data suggest that phosphorylated tau231 (p-tau231) could indicate incipient Aβ pathology, but a comprehensive comparison with other putative blood biomarkers is lacking. In the ALFA+ cohort, all tested plasma biomarkers (p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, GFAP, NfL and Aβ42/40) were significantly changed in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. However, plasma p-tau231 reached abnormal levels with the lowest Aβ burden. Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 had the strongest association with Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) retention in early accumulating regions and associated with longitudinal increases in Aβ PET uptake in individuals without overt Aβ pathology at baseline. In summary, plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 better capture the earliest cerebral Aβ changes, before overt Aβ plaque pathology is present, and are promising blood biomarkers to enrich a preclinical population for Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials.
An investigation of the influence of microstructure surface topography on the imaging mechanism to explore super-resolution microstructure
Authors: Fu Wenpeng , Zhao Chenyang , Xue Wen , Li Changlin
Published: August 2022

Vision-based precision measurement is limited by the optical resolution. Although various super-resolution algorithms have been developed, measurement precision and accuracy are difficult to guarantee. To achieve nanoscale resolution measurement, a super-resolution microstructure concept is proposed which is based on the idea of a strong mathematical mapping relationship that may exist between microstructure surface topography features and the corresponding image pixel intensities. In this work, a series of microgrooves are ultra-precision machined and their surface topographies and images are measured. A mapping relationship model is established to analyze the effect of the microgroove surface topography on the imaging mechanism. The results show that the surface roughness and surface defects of the microgroove have significant effects on predicting the imaging mechanism. The optimized machining parameters are determined afterward. This paper demonstrates a feasible and valuable work to support the design and manufacture super-resolution microstructure which has essential applications in precision positioning measurement.
Harnessing originally robust yeast for rapid lactic acid bioproduction without detoxification and neutralization
Authors: Pangestu Radityo , Kahar Prihardi , Kholida Lutfi Nia , Perwitasari Urip , Thontowi Ahmad , Fahrurrozi  , Lisdiyanti Puspita , Yopi  , Ogino Chiaki , Prasetya Bambang , Kondo Akihiko
Published: August 2022

Acidic and chemical inhibitor stresses undermine efficient lactic acid bioproduction from lignocellulosic feedstock. Requisite coping treatments, such as detoxification and neutralizing agent supplementation, can be eliminated if a strong microbial host is employed in the process. Here, we exploited an originally robust yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BTCC3, as a production platform for lactic acid. This wild-type strain exhibited a rapid cell growth in the presence of various chemical inhibitors compared to laboratory and industrial strains, namely BY4741 and Ethanol-red. Pathway engineering was performed on the strain by introducing an exogenous LDH gene after disrupting the PDC1 and PDC5 genes. Facilitated by this engineered strain, high cell density cultivation could generate lactic acid with productivity at 4.80 and 3.68 g L−1 h−1 under semi-neutralized and non-neutralized conditions, respectively. Those values were relatively higher compared to other studies. Cultivation using real lignocellulosic hydrolysate was conducted to assess the performance of this engineered strain. Non-neutralized fermentation using non-detoxified hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse as a medium could produce lactic acid at 1.69 g L−1 h−1, which was competitive to the results from other reports that still included detoxification and neutralization steps in their experiments. This strategy could make the overall lactic acid bioproduction process simpler, greener, and more cost-efficient.
Urinary bio-monitoring of amphetamine derivatives by needle trap device packed with the zirconium-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Rahimpoor Razzagh , Firoozichahak Ali , Alizadeh Saber , Nematollahi Davood
Published: August 2022

In this research, zirconium-based metal–organic framework was utilized as a novel and efficient porous adsorbent for headspace extraction of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Fenfluramine from the urine samples by a needle trap device (NTD). The Zr-UiO-66-PDC was electrosynthesized at the green conditions and characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and elemental mapping techniques. Then, the effective parameters on the NTD efficiency such as salt content, pH, extraction/desorption temperature and time were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction of amphetamine compounds was accomplished in 50 min at 70 ºC at the situation with NaCl content of 27% and pH: 11.90. The limit of detection, and limit of quantification factors were determined to be 0.06–0.09 and 0.5–0.8 ng mL−1, respectively. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy (intra- and inter-day) of the employed procedure in the term of relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated in the range of 8.0–9.0% and 6.8–9.8%, respectively. Also, the recovery percent of the extracted analytes were concluded in the range of 95.0–97.0% after 10 days from the sampling and storage at 4 °C. Finally, the proposed procedure was involved in the analysis of amphetamine compounds in the real urine samples. These results were proved the proposed Zr-UiO-66-PDC@HS-NTD technique coupled with GC-FID can be used as an eco-friendly, fast-response, sensitive, and efficient drug test procedure for trace analysis of the amphetamine compounds in urine samples.
Factorization by quantum annealing using superconducting flux qubits implementing a multiplier Hamiltonian
Authors: Saida Daisuke , Hidaka Mutsuo , Imafuku Kentaro , Yamanashi Yuki
Published: August 2022

Prime factorization (P = M × N) is a promising application for quantum computing. Shor’s algorithm is a key concept for breaking the limit for analyzing P, which cannot be effectively solved by classical computation; however, the algorithm requires error-correctable logical qubits. Here, we describe a quantum annealing method for solving prime factorization. A superconducting quantum circuit with native implementation of the multiplier Hamiltonian provides combinations of M and N as a solution for number P after annealing. This circuit is robust and can be expanded easily to scale up the analysis. We present an experimental and theoretical exploration of the multiplier unit. We demonstrate the 2-bit factorization in a circuit simulation and experimentally at 10 mK. We also explain how the current conditions can be used to obtain high success probability and all candidate factorized elements.
Wireless power transfer system for deep-implanted biomedical devices
Authors: Iqbal Amjad , Sura Penchala Reddy , Al-Hasan Muath , Mabrouk Ismail Ben , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a dual-band implantable rectenna is proposed for recharging and operating biomedical implantable devices at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz. The rectenna system consists of a compact dual-band antenna based on a meandered-resonator as well as efficient dual-band rectifier circuit. Both components (antenna and rectifier) are integrated inside a capsule device to simulate and experimentally validate the rectenna. The antenna occupies lower volume ($$5 \times 5.25 \times 0.25$$

5
×
5.25
×
0.25

 $$\hbox {mm}^{3}$$

mm
3

), where compactness is achieved using meandered geometry and a slotted ground plane. It maintains quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns and peak realized gains of −22.1 dBi (915 MHz) and −19.6 dBi (2.45 GHz); thus, its capability is enhanced to harvest the ambient energy from multiple directions. Moreover, a dual-band rectifier is designed using a dual-branch matching network (an L-matching network and open-circuited stub in each branch) with a radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) conversion efficiency of 79.9% for the input power of 1 dBm (lower band: 0.915 GHz) and 72.8% for the input power of 3 dBm (upper band: 2.45 GHz). To validate the concept of the rectenna, the implantable antenna and rectifier are fabricated and attached together inside a capsule device, with the measured results verifying the simulated responses. The proposed rectenna efficiently rectifies two RF signals and effectively superimposes on a single load, thus, providing a distinct advantage compared to single-band rectennas. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first-ever implantable rectenna to perform dual-band RF signal rectification.
The effects of substrate and stacking in bilayer borophene
Authors: Mozvashi Shobair Mohammadi , Givi Mojde Rezaee , Tagani Meysam Bagheri
Published: August 2022

Bilayer borophene has recently attracted much interest due to its outstanding mechanical and electronic properties. The interlayer interactions of these bilayers are reported differently in theoretical and experimental studies. Herein, we design and investigate bilayer $$\beta _{12}$$

β
12

borophene, by first-principles calculations. Our results show that the interlayer distance of the relaxed AA-stacked bilayer is about 2.5 Å, suggesting a van der Waals interlayer interaction. However, this is not supported by previous experiments, therefore by constraining the interlayer distance, we propose a preferred model which is close to experimental records. This preferred model has one covalent interlayer bond in every unit cell (single-pillar). Further, we argue that the preferred model is nothing but the relaxed model under a 2% compression. Additionally, we designed three substrate-supported bilayers on the Ag, Al, and Au substrates, which lead to double-pillar structures. Afterward, we investigate the AB stacking, which forms covalent bonds in the relaxed form, without the need for compression or substrate. Moreover, phonon dispersion shows that, unlike the AA stacking, the AB stacking is stable in freestanding form. Subsequently, we calculate the mechanical properties of the AA and AB stackings. The ultimate strengths of the AA and the AB stackings are 29.72 N/m at 12% strain and 23.18 N/m at 8% strain, respectively. Moreover, the calculated Young’s moduli are 419 N/m and 356 N/m for the AA and the AB stackings, respectively. These results show the superiority of bilayer borophene over bilayer $$\hbox {MoS}_2$$

MoS
2

in terms of stiffness and compliance. Our results can pave the way of future studies on bilayer borophene structures.
Somatic mutations in single human cardiomyocytes reveal age-associated DNA damage and widespread oxidative genotoxicity
Authors: Choudhury Sangita , Huang August Yue , Kim Junho , Zhou Zinan , Morillo Katherine , Maury Eduardo A. , Tsai Jessica W. , Miller Michael B. , Lodato Michael A. , Araten Sarah , Hilal Nazia , Lee Eunjung Alice , Chen Ming Hui , Walsh Christopher A.
Published: August 2022

The accumulation of somatic DNA mutations over time is a hallmark of aging in many dividing and nondividing cells but has not been studied in postmitotic human cardiomyocytes. Using single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we identified and characterized the landscape of somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in 56 single cardiomyocytes from 12 individuals (aged from 0.4 to 82 years). Cardiomyocyte sSNVs accumulate with age at rates that are faster than in many dividing cell types and nondividing neurons. Cardiomyocyte sSNVs show distinctive mutational signatures that implicate failed nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage, and defective mismatch repair. Since age-accumulated sSNVs create many damaging mutations that disrupt gene functions, polyploidization in cardiomyocytes may provide a mechanism of genetic compensation to minimize the complete knockout of essential genes during aging. Age-related accumulation of cardiac mutations provides a paradigm to understand the influence of aging on cardiac dysfunction.
Facile preparation of PVA hydrogels with adhesive, self-healing, antimicrobial, and on-demand removable capabilities for rapid hemostasis
Authors: He Yuanmeng , Liu Kaiyue , Zhang Chen , Guo Shen , Chang Rong , Guan Fangxia , Yao Minghao
Published: August 2022

A novel PBO hydrogel based on PVA, borax and oligomeric procyanidin was designed with adhesive, self-healing, antimicrobial, and on-demand removable capabilities for rapid hemostasis.
Gold nanoparticles bearing a clinically used non-antibiotic drug for combating multi-drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Jia Yuexiao , Zhang Jiangjiang , Zhao Yingcan , Dong Ruihua , Wang Hui , Jiang Xingyu
Published: August 2022

We introduce a clinically used non-antibiotic drug, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), to the synthesis of a new antimicrobial (Au_NAC) against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria by presenting it on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs).
Isolating elusive ‘Al(μ-O)M’ intermediates in CO2reduction by bimetallic Al–M complexes (M = Zn, Mg)
Authors: Evans Matthew J. , Iliffe George H. , Neale Samuel E. , McMullin Claire L. , Fulton J. Robin , Anker Mathew D. , Coles Martyn P.
Published: August 2022

We confirm that the μ-oxo species (NONDipp)Al(μ-O)M(BDIMes) are viable intermediates in the conversion of CO2to carbonate promoted by bimetallic Al–Mg and Al–Zn compounds.
Analysis of the ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures induced by a hot particle
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Shangpeng , Wang Yiqing , Yu Dehai , Zhang Huangwei , Chen Zheng
Published: August 2022

The explosion diagram of hydrogen–air mixture on hot particle surface exhibits as Z-curves in p–T phase space. Radical diffusion intensifies as reducing particle radius, which inhibits radical accumulation and expands the non-ignition regime.
In situ growth of hierarchical phase junction CdS on a H-mordenite zeolite for enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Du Teng , Zhang Yifu , Chao Yue , An Yonglin , Meng Changgong
Published: August 2022

CdS with different crystal phases were grown on the surface of H-MOR and showed the higher degradation rate for methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The degradation rate of MB was 84.15%. In the presence of 1.5 ml H2O2, the degradation rate was increased to 98.98%.
Na2B11H13 and Na11(B11H14)3(B11H13)4 as potential solid-state electrolytes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Souza Diego H. P. , D'Angelo Anita M. , Humphries Terry D. , Buckley Craig E. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: August 2022

Na2B11H13 and Na11(B11H14)3(B11H13)4 exhibit ionic conductivity above 1 mS cm−1 at 100 °C and an electrochemical stability of 2.1 V vs. Na+/Na. Na11(B11H14)3(B11H13)4 partially stabilises the high temeprature polymorph at 25 °C, which enhances Na+ conductivity.
Ultrasensitive detection of mercury(ii) in aqueous solutions via the spontaneous precipitation of CsPbBr3 crystallites
Authors: Jiang Wenjing , Xu Yi , Wang Li , Chen Li , Li Shunbo
Published: August 2022

A simple strategy was developed to detect ultra-trace level of mercury ions using the co-precipitation method in aqueous sample solution, which had good selectivity, a linear range of 5–100 nM and a LOD as low as 0.1 nM.
Anti-inflammatory effects of tripeptide WLS on TNF-α-induced HT-29 cells and DSS-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Zhou Na , Wu Na , Yao Yao , Chen Shuping , Xu Mingsheng , Yin Zhongping , Zhao Yan , Tu Yonggang
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract, which is related to increased levels of various inflammatory mediators.
Blood–brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip: a promising breakthrough in brain disease research
Authors: Peng Bo , Hao Shiping , Tong Ziqiu , Bai Hua , Pan Sijun , Lim Kah-Leong , Li Lin , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Huang Wei
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes recent advances of the integration between BBB-on-a-chip (μBBB) technology and brain disease modeling. It provides a guideline to extend their applications in pathological research, drug development, and personalized medicine.
Fast catalytic transfer hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol over urea modified Ni@CN nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Feng , Liu Yanxiu , Zhang Qiang , Song Hua
Published: August 2022

The Ni@CN-450 catalyst preparedviadirect pyrolysis of Ni-MOF-74(N) exhibited superior catalytic activity in catalytic transfer hydrogenation.
POM-derived MoO3/CoMoO4mixed oxides directed by glucose for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Fei Fei , Zhou Hai , Kang Min
Published: August 2022

Facile synthesis of MoO3/CoMoO4composites derived from polyoxometalate using a sacrificial template for high performance supercapacitors.
Highly efficient and rapid Pb(ii) removal from acidic wastewater using superhydrophilic polystyrene phosphate resin
Authors: Sun Junhua , Zhao Xiuxian , Sun Guoxin , Zhao Heng , Yang Zhen , Yan Liangguo , Jiang Xuchuan , Cui Yu
Published: August 2022

Novel superhydrophilic polystyrene phosphate resin was synthesized for efficient and rapid Pb(ii) removal from acidic wastewater.
Metal-free aminofluorination of α-diazo 2H-benzopyran-4-one: convenient access to β-fluoramides
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Sun Minghao , You Kejia , Pang Yunfei , Ma Baochun
Published: August 2022

A new synthetic approach to β-fluoramides has been developed by a tandem fluorination/Ritter reaction using α-diazo 2H-benzopyran-4-one compounds as the substrate and Selectfluor as the electrophilic fluoride source.
Synthesis and self-assembly of cytidine- and guanosine-based copolymers
Authors: Chea Sany , Schade Kristin , Reinicke Stefan , Bleul Regina , Rosencrantz Ruben R.
Published: August 2022

The base pairing property and the “melting” behavior of oligonucleotides can take advantage to develop new smart thermoresponsive and programmable materials.
Nontoxic Tb3+-induced hyaluronic nano-poached egg aggregates for colorimetric and luminescent detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Wang Jing , Qian Bei , Wang Tao , Ma Yanyan , Lin Haitao , Zhang Yimeng , Lv Hongmin , Zhang Xiaonan , Hu Yimeng , Xu Shanshan , Liu Fengchen , Li Huiling , Jiang Zike
Published: August 2022

The original Tb3+-induced hyaluronic nano-poached eggs (THNE) integrates the advantages of superior lanthanide luminescence, the unique shape of nano-poached eggs, and non-toxicity, for the sensing of Fe3+ in aqueous surroundings.
Diclofenac derivatives as concomitant inhibitors of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacology, toxicity and docking studies
Authors: Javed Muhammad Aamir , Bibi Saba , Jan Muhammad Saeed , Ikram Muhammad , Zaidi Asma , Farooq Umar , Sadiq Abdul , Rashid Umer
Published: August 2022

Targeting concomitantly cholinesterase (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) is one of the key strategies to treat multifactorial Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collective adaptability in a replication network of minimal nucleobase sequences
Authors: Vela-Gallego Sonia , Pardo-Botero Zulay , Moya Cristian , de la Escosura Andrés
Published: August 2022

A replication network of minimal nucleobase sequences is built from simple biological components. The network shows collective adaptability to changes in the environment, while disulfide exchange wires different auto- and cross-catalytic pathways.
2D-black phosphorus/polyaniline hybrids for efficient supercapacitor and hydrogen evolution reaction applications
Authors: K. Namsheer , Kapse Samadhan , Manoj Mridula , Thapa Ranjit , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2022

BP/polyaniline hybrid is considered as a promising candidate for energy storage/conversion due to their interesting features compared to existing materials.
Functional thin films as cathode/electrolyte interlayers: a strategy to enhance the performance and durability of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Machado Marina , Baiutti Federico , Bernadet Lucile , Morata Alex , Nuñez Marc , Ouweltjes Jan Pieter , Fonseca Fabio Coral , Torrell Marc , Tarancón Albert
Published: August 2022

LSM/SDC functional bilayer fabricated by PLD (pulsed laser deposition) presenting a self-assembled periodic nanocomposite applied as a functional cathode layer on an SOFC resulting in an enhanced performance and durability of the tested cells.
Zn2SiO4@C submicro-ellipsoids assembled from oriented nanorods with outstanding rate performance for Li-ion capacitors
Authors: Cheng Fei , Zhu Chengyu , Zhang Yanan , Ye Youwen , Li Huanrong , Lu An-Hui
Published: August 2022

A Zn2SiO4@C network with fast charge transfer kinetics assembled from submicro-ellipsoids containing uniformly aligned nanorods is designed and prepared. The assembled Zn2SiO4@C//graphene hydrogel LIC exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.
A multifunctional sustainable ionohydrogel with excellent low-hysteresis-driven mechanical performance, environmental tolerance, multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, and power generation ability for wearable electronics
Authors: Si Wanjie , Liang Yingpei , Chen Yukun , Zhang Shuidong
Published: August 2022

The defects of conductive hydrogels, such as high internal friction, poor performance at freezing temperatures, and evaporation during long-term storage, restrict their application in wearable electronics.
Regulation of multi-color fluorescence of carbonized polymer dots by multiple contributions of effective conjugate size, surface state, and molecular fluorescence
Authors: Wan Jiafeng , Zhang Xin , Jiang Ya , Xu Shiqing , Li Jing , Yu Mengliu , Zhang Kai , Su Zhiqiang
Published: August 2022

Multi-colored fluorescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) ranging from blue to red are obtained by different synthesis methods using citric acid and urea as raw materials, and the key factors affecting the fluorescence emission wavelength of CPDs are discussed.
Quantized conductance behaviour observed in an atomic switch using triptycene-based polymers
Authors: Mallik Samapika , Priyadarshani Samal Priyanka , Mahapatra Anwesha , Pradhan Itishree , Ansari Mosim , Das Neeladri , Mishra Puneet , Tsuruoka Tohru , Terabe Kazuya , Nayak Alpana
Published: August 2022

A novel triptycene-based polymer has been explored as a switching material in an atomic switch showing great potential for organic neuromorphic electronics.
Low energy loss (0.42 eV) and efficiency over 15% enabled by non-fullerene acceptors containing N-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylbenzotriazole as the core in binary solar cells
Authors: Privado María , Donoso Beatriz , Khandelwal Kanupriya , Singhal Rahul , Guijarro Fernando G. , Díaz-Ortíz Ángel , Prieto Pilar , de la Cruz Pilar , Sharma Ganesh D. , Langa Fernando
Published: August 2022

Binary OSCs with an efficiency as high as 15.17% are prepared using a new acceptor with a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl as the N-substituent in a benzotriazole core and a donor polymer.
Enhanced vertical polarization and ultra-low polarization switching barriers of two-dimensional SnS/SnSSe ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: Li Yun-Qin , Wang Xin-Yu , Zhu Shi-Yu , Tang Dai-Song , He Qi-Wen , Wang Xiao-Chun
Published: August 2022

Switching polarization via inter-layer sliding or heterostructural inversion in two-dimensional SnS/SnSSe ferroelectric heterostructures with enhanced vertical polarization and ultra-low switching barriers.
Swallowing and Motor Speech Skills in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Novel Findings From a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Malandraki Georgia A. , Mitchell Samantha S. , Hahn Arkenberg Rachel E. , Brown Barbara , Craig Bruce Α. , Burdo-Hartman Wendy , Lundine Jennifer P. , Darling-White Meghan , Goffman Lisa
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Our purpose was to start examining clinical swallowing and motor speech skills of school-age children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) compared to typically developing children (TDC), how these skills relate to each other, and whether they are predicted by clinical/demographic data (age, birth history, lesion type, etc.).

Method:

Seventeen children with UCP and 17 TDC (7–12 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. Feeding/swallowing skills were evaluated using the Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS) and a normalized measure of mealtime efficiency (normalized mealtime duration, i.e., nMD). Motor speech was assessed via speech intelligibility and speech rate measures using the Test of Children's Speech Plus. Analyses included nonparametric bootstrapping, correlation analysis, and multiple regression.

Results:

Children with UCP exhibited more severe (higher) DDS scores (
p
= .0096, Part 1;
p
= .0132, Part 2) and reduced speech rate than TDC (
p
= .0120). Furthermore, in children with UCP, total DDS scores were moderately negatively correlated with speech intelligibility (words:
r
= −.6162,
p
= .0086; sentences:
r
= −.60792,
p
= .0096). Expressive language scores were the only significant predictor of feeding and swallowing performance, and receptive language scores were the only significant predictor of motor speech skills.

Conclusions:

Swallowing and motor speech skills can be affected in school-age children with UCP, with wide variability of performance also noted. Preliminary cross-system interactions between swallowing, speech, and language are observed and might support the complex relationships between these domains. Further understanding these relationships in this population could have prognostic and/or therapeutic value and warrants further study.
Insilico Docking Study of Isoxazole Indole Linked Resorcinol
Derivatives as Promising Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators &
Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Iyer Jayashree Monikanta , Khare Aradhana , Pandey Jaya
Published: August 2022

A series of 9 compounds with isoxazole-indole-γ-resorcylic acid scaffold,
segregated into B1 & A1 series, wherein, B1 comprises compounds:1,3,4,5,
& 9 and A1comprises compounds: 2,6,7, & 8 , on the basis of
variable substituents at the indole , resorcinol and isoxazole end of the
scaffold as in Fig. 1, were designed and docked with human estrogen
receptor:1ERRα. The binding affinity (BA) and the interacting amino
acids compared with reference selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
such as Raloxifene, Estradiol, Bazedoxifene, Bisphenol, Genistein, Daidzein,
Ormiloxifene,Tamoxifen,6-hydroxy-naphthalen-2yl-benzo(D)-isoxazol-6-ol(1)(WAY-397)
using PyRx software and their ADME properties predicted with SWISS ADME online
tool. Significant similarities and minor differences in the binding pattern
between the key interacting aminoacids such as Arg 394,Glu 353, Asp 351, Leu
346, Leu 525, Trp 383,Phe 404 ,Ala 350, Leu 387, Met 421 responsible for ER
agonist/antagonist activity found in the binding cavity of a 1
Errα -Bazedoxifene/1 Errα -raloxifene/1
Errα -estradiol docked complex AND 1 Errα -isoxazole-indole-
resorcinol docked complex indicate their promising potential to serve as potent
ER agonists in bone or ER antagonists against breast cancer and other cancer
diseases. The Compounds with Highest BA is of the order: BA
(A1series)>B1 series &
BA(6)=BA(8)>BA(7)>BA(2)>BA(9)=BA(1)>BA(3)>BA(4)=BA(5)