bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of variable- and person-oriented methodology: examination of Thai and Hungarian psychobiological personality profiles
Authors: Kövi Zsuzsanna , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Zábó Virág , Mirnics Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2023

Background:
The aim of our study was to compare variable- and person-oriented methodology in understanding group differences in psychobiological personality profiles. We compared two different cultural groups, but methodology can be applied to any group-comparison, such as comparison of different clinical groups. Variable-oriented approach aims to sum the variables into basic factors and compare the different samples by comparing the mean scores of factors. On the other hand, person-oriented methodology unfolds the different holistic patterns of all variables.
Methods:
Altogether 1319 individuals (672 Thai and 647 Hungarian) were included in our study. The distribution of age, gender and education level were matched in order to provide as equal samples as possible. The Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire was administered that measures Aggression, Extraversion, Activity, Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism.
Results:
Our mean-comparison results on factor differences found Thai individuals to be less extraverted, less aggressive, less active and less sensation seeker. Cluster-analytic holistic scale- profiles revealed six typical profiles (two cross-culturally stable and four rather culture-specific profiles. These culturally different holistic profiles help us understand more deeply the cultural differences in personality.
Cluster-analytic approach showed that the rate of reserved individuals and rate of introverted impulsive inividuals are higher among Thai individuals, whereas rate of aggressive-impulsive and rate of positive sensation seekers were higher among Hungarians. Resilients and overcontrolled types appeared in both cultures at similar rate.
Conclusions:
Our results highlight differences in applying variable- or person-oriented approach in group comparison. Variable-oriented approach assumes that summation of variables are equal across groups and group mean differences can be regarded as differences of all individuals equally. On the other hand, person-oriented approach, the cluster-analytic one, assumes that subgroups can be formed and it provides an opportunity to compare groups not only by the average level but through comparing the rates of different holistic profiles.
Outcomes following pancreatic metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma resection and comparisons with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Ji Yuchen , Shen Ziyun , Li Hongzhe , Lu Xiongxiong , Xie Jing , Zhang Jun , Shen Baiyong
Published: January 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate perioperative findings ofpancreatic metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (PmmRCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and long-term survival outcomes of PmmRCC in a high-volume single centre.
Methods: The clinicopathological data of 29 PmmRCC patients treated in our centre from January 2013 to December 2021 were collected retrospectively. We analysed demographics, diagnoses, surgical information, 30-day morbidity data, and long-term survival outcomes. Preoperative characteristics and diagnosis were also compared with patients who had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours during the same period in our centre.
Results: PmmRCC patients were older (P < 0.001), less symptomatic (P = 0.017), more likely to appear hyper-vascular in imaging studies (P = 0.023), had more multiple nodules in the pancreas (P = 0.002), and had a larger tumour size (P = 0.046) than patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. No metastatic lymph nodes were detected, and 34.5% of PmmRCC cases were preoperatively misdiagnosed. At the last follow-up, 13 patients had tumour progression, and five died (two within 30 days postoperatively).
Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and imaging results exhibited some differences between PmmRCC and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Patients could benefit from PmmRCC surgery with an acceptable co-morbidity. No metastatic lymph nodes were found, even though suspected on imaging examination or detected intraoperatively. However, elucidating the surgical role and necessity of lymphadenectomy requires larger-sample studies.
Network analysis of pig movement data as an epidemiological tool: an Austrian case study
Authors: Puspitarani Gavrila Amadea , Fuchs Reinhard , Fuchs Klemens , Ladinig Andrea , Desvars-Larrive Amélie
Published: January 2023

Animal movements represent a major risk for the spread of infectious diseases in the domestic swine population. In this study, we adopted methods from social network analysis to explore pig trades in Austria. We used a dataset of daily records of swine movements covering the period 2015-2021. We analyzed the topology of the network and its structural changes over time, including seasonal and long-term variations in the pig production activities. Finally, we studied the temporal dynamics of the network community structure. Our findings show that the Austrian pig production was dominated by small-sized farms while spatial farm density was heterogeneous. The network exhibited a scale-free topology but was very sparse, suggesting a moderate impact of infectious disease outbreaks. However, two regions (Upper Austria and Styria) may present a higher structural vulnerability. The network also showed very high assortativity between holdings from the same federal state. Dynamic community detection revealed a stable behavior of the clusters. Yet trade communities did not correspond to sub-national administrative divisions and may be an alternative zoning approach to managing infectious diseases. Knowledge about the topology, contact patterns, and temporal dynamics of the pig trade network can support optimized risk-based disease control and surveillance strategies.
Identification of the mixing ratios of beer-mixed beverages by UV/VIS spectroscopy
Authors: Stinus Sophia , Erban Pauline , Diebold Josef , Schmidt Magnus S.
Published: January 2023

UV/VIS spectroscopy was used in conjunction with a calibration method to determine the mixing ratio of samples of beer-mixed drinks with mineral water (sour Radler beers) from the food service industry. For this purpose, calibration lines were constructed based on absorptions at the two wavelengths 380 nm and 430 nm. To create these calibration lines, blending ratios were prepared from beers of three southwestern German brands and mineral water. The samples of the sour Radler beers were taken from restaurants and bars, which are all located in Baden-Württemberg. It has been shown that the calibration lines can be used to determine mixing ratios with an average deviation of approximately 7% and 9%. Thereby, the calibration line based on the absorption at 430 nm represents a higher accuracy. Using this calibration line, the sour Radler beer samples have percentage ranges of beer of approximately 50–90%. This method could serve as a rapid quantitative quality control of the mixing ratios of sour Radler or other beer-mixed drinks. It could be used in breweries for routine control.
The relevance of Veress needle overshooting reduction; A Survey among 365 surgeons
Authors: Horeman-Franse T. , Postema R.R , Fischer T , Calleja-Agius J , Camenzuli C , Alvino L , Hardon S.F. , Bonjer Jaap
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Safe insertion of the Veress needle in laparoscopy relies on the surgeons’ technical skills in order to stop needle insertion just in time to prevent overshoot in the underlying organs. To reduce this risk, a wide variety of veress needle systems were developed with safety mechanisms that limit de insertion speed, insertion depth or decouples the driving force generated by the hand on the needle. The aim of this study is to evaluate current perceptions related to the use of Veress needles and to investigate the relevance of preventing overshooting of Veress needles among EAES members.
Methods
An online survey was distributed by the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Executive Office to all active members. The survey consisted of demographic data and 14 questions regarding the use of the Veress needle, the conducted training prior to usage, and the need for improvements.
Results
A total of 365 (10%) members responded coming from 58 different countries. Of the responding surgeons, 36% prefers the open method for patients with normal BMI, and 22% for patients with high BMI. Of the surgeons using Veress needle, 68% indicated that the reduction of overshoot is beneficial in normal BMI patients, whereas 78% indicated that this is beneficial in high BMI patients. On average, the members that uses the Veress needle used it for 1448 (SD 3031) times and felt comfortable on using it after 22,9 (SD 78,9) times. The average years of experience was 17,6 (SD 11,1) and the surgeons think that a maximum overshoot of 9.4 (SD 5.5) mm is acceptable before using the system safely.
Conclusion
This survey indicates that despite the risks, Veress needles are still being used by the majority of the laparoscopic surgeons who responded. In addition, the surgeons responded that they are interested in using a Veress needle with extra safety mechanism if it limits the risk of overshooting into the underlying structures.
Lose-lose consequences of bacterial community-driven invasions in soil
Authors: Liu Xipeng , Salles Joana
Published: January 2023

Community-driven invasion, also known as community coalescence, occurs widely in natural ecosystems. Despite that, our knowledge about the process and mechanisms controlling community-driven invasion in soil ecosystems is lacking. Here we performed a set of coalescence experiments in soil microcosms and assessed impacts up to 60 days after coalescence by quantifying multiple traits (compositional, functional, and metabolic) of the invasive and coalescent communities. Our results show invasion-triggered changes in the resident community's succession trajectory and functionality (carbohydrate metabolism), which were dependent on the invasive communities. Moreover, the invasion impact was mainly due to the high suppression of residents rather than the invaders’ survival. The short-term coalescence effect was predicted by the metabolic unevenness of the invasive community, indicating the direct competition between invaders and residents for labile carbon sources at the onset of coalescence. In contrast, the long-term impact was predicted by the compositional (phylogenetic) similarity between invasive and resident communities. Collectively, our results suggest that community coalescences in soil are primarily driven by resource competition – the lose-lose situation – between invaders and residents, and a multi-level trait-based approach could help predict the impact.
Proton therapy re-irradiation provides promising clinical results in recurrent brain meningioma
Authors: Scartoni Daniele , Giacomelli Irene , Pertile Riccardo , Vennarini Sabina , Feraco Paola , Picori Lorena , Annicchiarico Luciano , Sarubbo Silvio , Amelio Dante
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical outcomes, toxicity and prognostic factors conditioning survival of reirradiation with Proton therapy for recurrent meningiomas.
Methods
Recurrent meningioma who failed after radiotherapy were re-irradiated with active scanning proton therapy with a median dose of 54 GyRBE (range 50.4-60 GyRBE). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log rank test was performed to compare the entire survival experience between groups (significant p-value ≤ 0.05). Associations between qualitative variables were analyzed with the Fisher exact test (significant p-value ≤ 0.05).
Results
Thirty-two patients were re-irradiated with Proton therapy (10 grade I, 22 grade II-III). Median tumor volume at the time of re-irradiation was 43 cc (range 1.2-225.5) and median time from prior RT to reirradiation was 66 months (range 4-288). At a median follow-up of 27 months, 1-yr and 2-yr PFS were 89.4% and 74.5% (1-yr and 2-yr PFS were 100% for grade I, 100% and 76% for grade II, 66% and 50% for grade III). 1-yr and 2-yr OS were 86.6% and 83.0% (2-yr OS were 87% for grade I, 86% for grade II, 66% for grade III). Local recurrence rate was 34% with a median time of recurrence of 13.4 months. Five patients (14%) developed radionecrosis with a median time of 3.4 months from the end of PT (range 3-8.8).
Conclusions
Re-irradiation with proton therapy seems to be a safe and effective treatment in patients with recurrent meningioma, also for large volume and aggressive lesions (grade II-III).
Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) Restricts NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Modulating SERCA Activity and Autophagy
Authors: Zack Stephanie R. , Nikolaienko Roman , Cook Ben , Melki Ronald , Zima Aleksey V. , Campbell Edward M.
Published: January 2023

Altered expression of vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) has recently been observed in the context of multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, how changes in VMP1 expression may impact pathogenesis has not been explored. Here, we report that genetic deletion of VMP1 from a monocytic cell line resulted in increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and release of proinflammatory molecules. Examination of the VMP1 dependent changes in these cells revealed that VMP1 deficiency led to decreased SERCA activity and increased intracellular [Ca2+]. We also observed calcium overload in mitochondria in VMP1 depleted cells, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm and the extracellular environment. Autophagic defects were also observed in VMP1 depleted macrophages. Collectively, these studies reveal VMP1 as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses, and we postulate that decreased expression of VMP1 can aggravate the inflammatory sequelae associated with neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
Connectivity Index of Directed Rough Fuzzy Graphs
and its Application in Traffic Flow Network
Authors: Ahmad Uzma , Nawaz Iqra , broumi said
Published: January 2023

The directed rough fuzzy graph (DRFG) is a fusion of rough and fuzzy theory, because it
deals with incomplete and vague information simultaneously. Connection or the strength of
connectivity (SC) is vital in the realm of circuits or networks that are linked to the real world.
As a result, SC is one of the most essential aspects of a directed rough fuzzy network system. The
neighborhood connectivity index (NCI) is one such parameter that has a variety of applications
in network theory. In this paper, we discuss the notion of NCI in DRFGs using the strength of
vertices to their neighbor vertices. We provide several lower and upper bounds on the NCI of
DRFGs with reference to other graph invariants such as the number of vertices, edges, and degree
distance. When we study NCI in operations for DRFGs with a large number of vertices, the
degree of vertices in a DRFG provides a confusing picture. Therefore, a mechanism to determine
the NCI for DRFG operations is needed. Therefore, generalized formulas for NCI of DRFGs
obtained by operations such as union, composition, and Cartesian product are also developed.
An algorithm for obtaining NCI of DRFGs is also proposed. In addition, an application of NCI
of DRFGs in traffic flow networks was discussed to identify the busiest intersection using the
proposed algorithm. Finally, we gave a complete comparative evaluation and analysis table for
a similar human trafficking system, comparing the results for connectivity index (CI), Wiener
index (WI), and NCI.
Establishing the Catabolic Pathway of Commercial Cypermethrin and Discovering the Inhibitor of 3- Phenoxy Benzoic Acid Biodegradation by Fig Farm Isolated Enterobacter hormaechei strain ZK101 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain ZK102
Authors: KURT Zöhre , KOKANGUL Merve
Published: January 2023

Cypermethrin (CYP) is a commonly used type Ⅱ pyrethroid against pest control in agriculture and household. Its excessive use has the potential to cause serious secondary environmental pollution. Biodegradation in the environment minimizes contamination however the metabolites, could also harm the environment more than the main product of interest. Therefore, optimum degradation rates and possible effects of bioremediation should be understood to evaluate its applicability. In this study, isolates obtained from soil exposed to CYP from fig farms in Adana were investigated to identify their CYP biodegradation pathway, and the key enzymes responsible for biodegradation, to optimize the biodegradation, and to indicate the inhibitors that affect their ability to mineralize CYP. Enterobacter hormaechei strain ZK101 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain ZK102 both degraded CYP with first-order kinetics through esterification followed by 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3PBA) deoxygenation. Strains accumulated 3PBA when they have been reinoculated to the soil due to the copper present (40 ppm) in the soil causing the inhibition of 3PBA dioxygenase. The work here is the first study that tested the potential of CYP degradation when isolates were re-inoculated in the soil and showed that CYP degraders in the field will cause an accumulation of a more toxic contaminant than CYP. The results of this study help to understand the effects of bacterial applications for CYP contamination and reveal the negative effects of microbial responses in the field.
Controlling grain structure in metallic additive manufacturing using a simple, inexpensive process control system
Authors: Chechik Lova , Goodall Alexander , Christofidou Katerina , Todd Iain
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly termed 3D printing, is a revolutionary manufacturing technology with great industrial relevance in the aerospace, medical and automotive sectors. Metallic AM allows creation of complex intricate parts and repair of large components; however, certification is currently a concern due to lack of process consistency. A simple, inexpensive process control system was developed and integrated, reducing variability in melt pool fluctuation and improving microstructural homogeneity of components. Remnant microstructural variation can be explained by the change in heat flow mechanism with geometry. The grain area variability was reduced by up to 94% at a fraction of the cost of a typical thermal camera, with control software written in-house and made publically available. This decreases the barrier to implementation for process feedback control, which can be implemented in many manufacturing processes, from polymer AM to injection moulding to inert-gas heat treatment.
Nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients: the impact of dosing regimen, age and renal function on drug exposure
Authors: Driel A. A. van , Muller A. E. , Wijma R. A. , Stobberingh E. E. , Verbon A. , Koch B. C.P.
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine nitrofurantoin exposure in patients with different age and renal function with complaints of an uncomplicated UTI. Also the nitrofurantoin exposure in relation to the dosage regimen will be studied.
Methods
Eight general practitioners (GP) participated in the study and included 38 patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI, treated either with a dose of 50 mg q6h or 100 mg q12h, upon the discretion of the GP. Nitrofurantoin exposure was quantified in the patient’s 24 hours urine samples by UHPLC-UV and the area under the curve was calculated.
Results
The 38 patients provided a range of 2-17 urine samples. The urine nitrofurantoin exposure was 1028 mg.h/L for the patients receiving 50 mg q6h and 1036 mg.h/L for those treated with 100 mg q12h (p=0.97) and was not affected by age and eGFR (p= 0.64 and p=0.34, respectively). The clinical cure rate of 87% was independent of the dose regimens and the nitrofurantoin exposure.
Conclusion
The data obtained do not support the discouragement of nitrofurantoin use in the elderly and in patients with impaired renal function. Since only a small number of patients were included, a larger study with more patients is warranted to evaluate nitrofurantoin exposure and adverse effects.
Role of temperature effect on the strength deterioration of wet shotcrete in cold area construction
Authors: ZHANG Ming-tian , Qiang YUAN , Jie CHEN , FAN Jin-yang , De-yi JIANG , Dan LU
Published: January 2023

The safety of geotechnical engineering in cold region depends on the stability of supporting structure. Wet shotcrete technology (WST) has the advantages of less dust on the working surface, low rebound and high strength of shotcrete layer, so it has been gradually applied in roadway support of broken surrounding rock. In the cold environment, the decrease of the curing temperature of WST will have an impact on the development of shotcrete strength, but the influence of this temperature difference has not been fully considered in the current engineering practice. Aiming at the phenomenon of small thickness, low strength, and easy cracking of shotcrete in the application of WST in a mine in alpine environment, the temperature effect study on the strength evolution of WST was carried out. The research puts forward the optimization measures for WST support in the alpine environment, which effectively improves the structural strength of the shotcrete, the support repair rate is greatly reduced, and the support efficiency is significantly improved, it also provides reference for WST construction under similar engineering conditions.
Investigating Levels of Remote Operation in High-Level On-Road Autonomous Vehicles using Operator Sequence Diagrams
Authors: Parr Hannah , Harvey Catherine , Burnett Gary
Published: January 2023

The continuing development of autonomous vehicle technology is making the presence of fully autonomous vehicles (SAE Level 5 of Driving Automation) on the road an ever more likely possibility. Similarly, regulation changes show countries are preparing for autonomous vehicles to increase their presence on public roads for both testing and use after sale. With this in mind, solutions to the problem of disengagement from the autonomous driving system by Level 5 vehicles, due to damage, operation outside of expected parameters or software failure among other reasons are being investigated including remote operation. This research aims to give evidence for the inclusion of remote operation into the autonomous driving and define the types of remote operation that may occur from existing literature. The four types of remote operation are Remote Monitoring, Remote Assistance, Remote Management and Remote Driving. Operator sequence diagrams are used to evaluate these types of remote operation in likely scenarios they may occur and draw conclusions about the role and the tasks the operator will be required to complete.
Vacuum Expansion and Collapse Inside an Infinite Shell
Authors: Laforet Christopher
Published: January 2023

The FRW model of cosmology assumes a Universe with uniform pressure and density everywhere in space at a given time. But at the largest scales, the Universe has a web-like structure surrounding large voids, violating these assumptions. Furthermore, a given region of spacetime is describable only by a single metric and therefore it cannot be that the Universe is modelled as an FRW perfect fluid since this would be the incorrect description of both the web and the voids. The cosmic web must be described by metrics with non-zero energy-momentum tensors with non-uniform pressure and density describing the matter within it. Therefore, the model of cosmology describing the expansion of the Universe must be a vacuum solution describing the empty spaces in the Universe surrounded by an infinite, massive shell (the surrounding Universe). Taking the expanding balloon analogy of the expansion of the Universe, the matter-dense portions of the Universe would be like knots in the balloon which stay knotted while the vacuum between them expands. The internal Schwarzschild metric is that model. The source of the Schwarzschild metric is shown to be at the event horizon, a location/time of infinite density, not at the singularity, as it is currently assumed. The spatial homogeneity of the metric is demonstrated by visualizing the geometry in the extrinsic "Kruskal-Szekeres" coordinates (visualized in 1+2 dimensions). Using the coordinate age of the Universe and transition redshift, this predicts the accelerated expansion, the Hubble diagram fits currently available cosmological data, and it gives a Hubble constant H0 of 71.6km/s/Mpc. The angular term of the metric describes the relativistic kinematic precession effect known as Thomas Precession which can be interpreted as spin about the time dimension.
Estimating prevalence and modelling correlates of HIV test positivity among Female Sex Workers, Men who have Sex with Men, People who Inject Drugs, Transgender People and Prison Inmates in Sierra Leone, 2021
Authors: Dwomoh Duah , Wurie Issata , Harding Yvonne , Sedzro Kojo Mensah , Kandeh Joseph , Tagoe Henry , Addo Christabel , Arhinful Daniel Kojo , Sessay Abdul Rahman Cherinoh , Kamara James Lahai , Mansaray Kemoh , Ampofo William Kwabena
Published: January 2023

Key populations (KPs) are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection and efforts to prevent HIV infections among KPs have been less successful, largely due to existing laws and legislation that classify the groups as illegal. Understanding the HIV infection pathway and the burden of HIV infection among Female Sex Workers (FSWs), Transgender people (TG), Men who have sex with Men (MSM), People who Inject Drugs (PWID), and Prison Inmates (PIs) is critical to combatting the HIV epidemic globally. This study aims to estimate HIV prevalence and model the risk factors of HIV positivity rate among the aforementioned KPs in Sierra Leone. This study used Time Location Sampling, Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), and Conventional cluster Sampling designs to generate a representative sample of FSWs, MSM, TG, PI, and PWID. HIV prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals among each KP were estimated by adjusting for sampling weight using the logit-transformed confidence intervals. To determine correlates of HIV test positivity among KPs, a multivariable modified Poisson regression model that adjusts for RDS survey weights was used and sensitivity analysis was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model with cluster robust standard errors. The prevalence of HIV among FSWs in the six regional headquarter towns was estimated to be 11.8% (95% CI: 7.9–17.1); MSM was 3.4% [95% CI: 1.9–5.8]; TGs was 4.2% (95% CI: 2.9–6.1); PWIDs was 4.2% (95% CI: 2.7–6.4) and PI was 3.7% (95% CI: 1.4–9.6). The correlates of HIV test positivity among KPs and PIs include HIV-related knowledge, marital status, district, income, age and sex of KP, level of education, alcohol intake, injecting drugs, and use of lubricants. HIV prevalence is relatively high among FSWs, MSMs, PWID, and TGs as compared to the previous estimate of the general population. There is a need to scale up and strengthen evidence-based HIV prevention interventions such Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and needle and syringe exchange programmes targeting KPs, including prison inmates. Government must scale up both non-clinical and clinical routine HIV and STI testing and counseling services at the correctional center and drop-in centers for KPs screening/testing, and ensure that services are responsive to the needs of KP.
Herbicide Management of Threespike Goosegrass in California Orchards
Authors: Wolter Drew A. , Kyser Guy B. , Hanson Bradley D.
Published: January 2023

Threespike goosegrass (Eleusine tristachya) is a difficult-to-control perennial grass of increasing concern for orchard production systems in the Central Valley of California, USA. This grass has a bunch-type growth habit when tillered, which can interfere with orchard operations, particularly nut pickup from the ground at harvest. From 2016 to 2019, herbicide efficacy on threespike goosegrass was evaluated in a walnut (Juglans regia) orchard in Chico, CA, USA; an almond (Prunus dulcis) orchard in Livingston, CA, USA; and a prune (Prunus domestica) orchard in Orland, CA, USA. At each location, two independent experiments were conducted to evaluate 12 preemergent (PRE) herbicide treatments and eight postemergent (POST) treatments over several years, for a total of 16 trials. PRE herbicides were applied in January according to the region’s typical winter orchard management practices. One treatment included an additional sequential application in March to extend residual activity later into the warm season when threespike goosegrass germinates or resumes growth. In separate studies, POST control of established stands of threespike goosegrass was evaluated in May and June of each year. Each trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Threespike goosegrass control was visually estimated monthly for 5 months after the PRE treatments or at weekly intervals for 5 weeks following POST treatments. The most effective PRE treatment was a sequential application of indaziflam in January, followed by a March application of pendimethalin, providing 90% or greater control of threespike goosegrass 5 months after treatment across all sites and all years. Of the POST treatments, the three graminicides outperformed the other treatments with 73% to 91% control overall sites and years at 5 weeks after treatment. Fluazifop had the highest control ratings (85% to 91%) among the graminicide herbicides but was not always statistically better than clethodim or sethoxydim (74% to 83% control). Glyphosate alone resulted in unacceptable control (33% to 51%) regardless of rates tested, experimental sites, or years. Together, these results confirm grower reports of poor glyphosate performance on threespike goosegrass but suggest that effective herbicide programs can be developed to manage threespike goosegrass using PRE herbicides and POST graminicides registered in California orchard crops.
Belediyelerde Güçlü Bir İnsan Kaynağı Yaratmak Bağlamında Hizmet İçi Eğitim
Authors: ARSLAN Meryem
Published: January 2023

1980’lerden sonra yaygınlaşan yeni kamu yönetimi yaklaşımı yönetişim, katılım, esnek kurumsal yapı, toplam kalite, stratejik yönetim ve insan kaynaklarında yeni yönetim teknikleri gibi uygulamaların kamu sektöründe yer almasını sağlamıştır. Yerel yönetimlerde etkinlik, verimlilik, katılımcılık, esneklik, hesap verebilirlik gibi ilkelerin yer aldığı yeni yaklaşım personel yerine insan kaynakları kavramını önemsemiştir. Son dönemlerde bilim ve teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmeler doğrultusunda da hem vatandaşların beklentilerinde değişim gözlenmekte hem de vatandaşa en yakın hizmet birimleri olan belediyeler değişime zorlanmaktadır. Bu noktada belediyeler insan kaynağını bir değer olarak görmekte, eğitmekte, kararlara katılımlarını sağlamakta ve insan kaynağını güçlendirmek için stratejiler uygulamaktadır.

Bu makalede belediyelerde insan kaynağını güçlendirmenin önemine vurgu yapılmış, bu amaç doğrultusunda stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimi, personel güçlendirme ve hizmet içi eğitim konularına değinilmiş bugüne kadar ne tür faaliyetler yapıldığı, hizmet içi eğitimin faydaları, karşılaşılan sorunlar, bu alanda nasıl bir yöntem izlenmesi gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak literatür taraması yapılmış, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak Türkiye’deki tüm belediyelerde ilgili birimlere yöneltilen araştırma sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Bu doğrultuda insan kaynaklarını güçlendirmek, hizmet içi eğitimin sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlamak için farklı ölçeklerde 80 belediyenin (10 büyükşehir belediyesi, 61 büyükşehir ilçe belediyesi ve 9 il belediyesi) verileri toplanarak analiz edilmiş, hizmet içi eğitim sürecinin yetersiz olduğu, planlama yapılırken personel katılımın dikkate alınması gerektiği ve hizmet içi eğitimlerin sürekli olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Döviz Kurundaki Değişimlerin Yurtiçi Üretici ve Tüketici Fiyatlarına Geçiş Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: YANAR Rüstem , BERK Eyüp
Published: January 2023

Sermaye hareketlerinin serbestleşmesiyle birlikte birçok ülke, dalgalı döviz kuru rejimine geçiş sağlamıştır. Dalgalı kur rejimi merkez bankalarının bağımsız para politikası izlemesinin önünü açmıştır. Bu bağlamda ülkelerin merkez bankaları tarafından enflasyon hedeflemesine yönelik para politikaları uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Uygulanan para politikaları sonucunda döviz kurlarında meydana gelen artış, enflasyon üzerinde yukarı yönlü bir baskı oluşturmuştur. Bu durum iktisat literatüründe “Geçiş Etkisi” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Geçiş Etkisi konusuyla ilgili bilgi verilmiş ve sonrasında ise Türkiye’de döviz kurunda meydana gelen değişimin üretici ve tüketici fiyatlarına ne kadar etki ettiği konusunda çalışmalara ilişkin literatür taramasının sonuçları gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra Türkiye’de döviz kurunun üretici ve tüketici fiyatları üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkiyi belirlemek adına Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE), Üretici Fiyat Endeksi (ÜFE) ve Nominal Döviz Kuru (NDK) verileri kullanılarak 2003 Ocak ile 2021 Aralık dönemlerini kapsayan 228 aylık veri kullanılarak VAR modeli üzerinden analiz yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre NDK ile TÜFE ve ÜFE değişkenlerinin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiği ve kısa dönemde NDK’dan TÜFE ve ÜFE’ye doğru, uzun dönemde ise TÜFE ile ÜFE’den NDK’ya doğru nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca uzun dönemde NDK’dan ÜFE’ye doğru nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğu da tespit edilmiştir.
1806-1812 Osmanlı –Rus Savaşı'nda Faş Kalesi
Authors: KUZUCU Serhat
Published: January 2023

Osmanlı Devleti kuruluş yıllarından itibaren fetih hareketlerinin büyük bir kısmını gaza ve cihat anlayışı çerçevesinde Anadolu ve Balkanlar’daki eski Bizans topraklarını ele geçirmek adına batı yönünde yapmıştı. Fatih Sultan Mehmet, İstanbul’u fethettikten sonra yeni başkentin ve boğazların güveliği için Karadeniz’de hâkimiyet sağlamak adına bu bölgeye yönelmişti. Trabzon başta olmak üzere Anadolu ile Kafkasya’nın Karadeniz kıyıları ve Kırım Hanlığı ele geçirilerek Karadeniz bir Türk gölü haline getirildi. Bu dönemde Rusya ise henüz güçlü bir devlet görünümde değildi. Moskov Knezliği ismiyle bölgesindeki diğer Türk teşekkülleri arasında siyasi bir denge güderek onların aralarındaki çekişmelerden yararlanarak varlığını sürdürmeye çalışmaktaydı. Ruslar tarih sahnesine ise tam anlamıyla III. İvan dönemi ile birlikte çıkmıştı. Çar İvan bu dönemde tüm Rus Knezliklerini egemenliği altına alarak millî bir Rus Devleti halini getirmeyi başardı. Bu şekilde Ruslar bölgenin güçlü devletleri arasına girdiler. Bu süreçte Osmanlılar Rusları bir tehdit unsuru olarak görmediklerinden Kafkasya bölgesindeki Rus ilerleyişine doğrudan müdahil olmadılar. XVIII. yüzyılda Rusların tarih sahnesine tam anlamıyla çıkmaları ile birlikte Osmanlı toprakları üzerinde büyük bir tehdit haline geldiler. Osmanlı Devleti Rus tehdidine karşı topraklarını korumak adına başta Karadeniz havzası olmak üzere sınır hatlarındaki kalelerin bakım, onarım ve tamirat işlerini ihmal etmediği gibi buralarda sürekli asker bulundurmaktaydı. Bu sınır kalelerinden biri olan Faş Kalesi oldukça önemli bir stratejik konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışmada 1806-1812 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’nda Batı Kafkasya’da bulunan Faş Kalesi’nin askeri ve lojistik açısından önemi ele alınmıştır. Bu makalenin hazırlanmasında başta Osmanlı tarihi araştırmalarının ana kaynakları olan arşiv vesikalarından ve diğer tetkik eserlerden yararlanılmıştır.
Aile Kurumuna Dijital Bir Yaklaşım: Dijital Aile Sözleşmesi
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ahmet Faruk , ÇOKLUK Nil , BOSTANCI Mustafa , ATMACA Safa
Published: January 2023

Dijital teknolojilerin gelişimiyle birlikte yaşanan hızlı değişmeler toplumsal, ekonomik, bilimsel ve politik birçok alanda dönüşüme neden olmuştur. Yaşanan bu değişmeler toplumun en temel kurumlarından biri olan ailenin fertlerini ve yapısını büyük ölçüde değişmiştir. Bu durum aile içi iletişimin geleceğiyle ilgili tartışmaları önemli bir hâle getirmiştir. Aile içinde teknolojinin kullanımı, yeri ve önemi farklı bir şekilde algılanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada hızla yaygınlaşarak aile hayatının temel bir unsuru hâline gelen dijital teknolojilerin ailede yarattığı köklü değişim ebeveyn, çocuk ve dijital iletişim bağlamında irdelenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma, dijital teknolojilerin kullanımına yönelik ebeveyn ve çocuk arasında konsensüs oluşturulacak bir dijital aile sözleşmesi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel yönteme dayalı görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı çalışmada dijital aile sözleşmesinin maddelerini oluşturmak amacıyla uzmanlar, ebeveynler ve çocuklar ile üç ayrı görüşme yapılmış ve literatürde yer alan sözleşmelerden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ebeveynlerin uyması gereken, çocukların uyması gereken ve ortak alanları kapsayan kuralları içeren bir dijital aile sözleşmesi ortaya konmuştur.
Türk Basınına Göre 19 Ağustos 1966 Varto Depremine Yapılan Dış Yardımlar
Authors: TOSİK DİNÇ Fadime
Published: January 2023

Kuzey Anadolu Fay Sistemi üzerinde bulunan Varto Havzası tarihsel dönemde birçok yıkıcı depreme maruz kalmıştır. 19 Ağustos 1966 tarihinde gerçekleşen ve 2.529 kişinin hayatını kaybetmesine sebep olan deprem en yıkıcısı olmuştur. Merkez üssü Muş’un Varto ilçesi olan deprem Muş’un Bulanık, Bingöl’ün Karlıova ve Erzurum’un Hınıs, Tekman ve Çat ilçeleri ile bağlı köylerinde büyük hasarlara neden olmuştur. Deprem haberinin alınmasından sonra dönemin Demirel Hükümeti tüm kurum ve kuruluşları harekete geçirerek, depremzedelerin acil ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik çalışmaları başlatmıştır. Kurum ve kuruluşların yurt içinde açtıkları kampanyalarla depremzedeler için aynî ve nakdî yardımlar toplandığı gibi, çok sayıda ülke ve onların yardım kuruluşları da depremzedeler için aynî ve nakdî yardımlarda bulunmuşlardır. Depremzedelerin acil ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesinde ülke içinde yapılan yardımlar kadar hiç kuşkusuz dış ülkelerden gelen yardımların da büyük katkısı ve faydası olmuştur. Bu çalışmada 19 Ağustos 1966 Varto depreminde Türkiye’ye gönderilen dış yardımlar konusu ele alınmış ve çalışma Türk basınının kamuoyu ile paylaştığı bilgiler ışığında hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma ile uluslararası birçok yardım kuruluşunun, şirketlerin ve şahısların felâket zamanlarında dayanışma ve yardımlaşma çabalarını nasıl ortaya koyduklarını tespit etmek ve dış yardımların miktarı, geldiği ülkeler ve geliş şeklini inceleyerek Türkiye’nin uluslararası arenadaki yeri ortaya konulmak istenmiştir.
The impact of COVID-19 and natural disasters on water consumption across sectors: case studies of Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Roopnarine Ronald , Cashman Adrian , Eudoxie Gaius , Govia Sara-Jade , Davis-Rostant Crisanne , Jackson Renee , Crichlow Akil
Published: January 2023

The Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable to natural hazards, particularly hydroclimatic and, in some cases, geological. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic added another layer of complexity to the already disruptive risk profiles of these countries. Understanding how these hazards, both individually and cumulatively, impact sectors, particularly essential sectors such as the water sector, is crucial. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on water consumption along with concurrent natural hazards in two Caribbean countries: Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago. The assessment indicated a marked influence on consumption levels in various sectors consistent with imposed public health restrictions. In the case of Barbados, monthly consumption decreased during the pandemic across all categories when compared to the pre-Covid period, except for residential consumption, which increased by approximately 9%. For Trinidad and Tobago, a decrease in average monthly water consumption across all categories, ranging from 3% to 13% was noted. Although available data did not permit conclusive analysis, we have discerned some general trends, identified gaps, and provided recommendations. Our findings can provide useful guidance for water utilities in the region to better understand consumer behaviour and address demand and supply issues.
Sem Democracia não há Patrimônio
Authors: Rosenthal Schlee Andrey
Published: January 2023

O ensaio trata dos problemas relacionados com a preservação do Patrimônio Cultural decorrentes dos atos terroristas que caracterizaram a tentativa de golpe impetrada contra o Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil.
Molecular Targets for Chalcones in Antileishmanial Drug Discovery
Authors: de Santiago-Silva Kaio Maciel , da Silva Gomes Gabriel Felix , Perez Carla Cristina , da Silva Lima Camilo Henrique , de Lima Ferreira Bispo Marcelle
Published: January 2023

Leishmaniases are infectious diseases caused by flagellated protozoan parasites belonging
to the genus Leishmania that infect cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. These parasites are
transmitted to humans by biting an infected female sandfly belonging to the genera Phlebotomus in
the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. Despite representing a major public health problem,
the therapeutic options are old and have several disadvantages. Given this scenario, developing vaccines
or drugs for oral administration is necessary. Therefore, integrating computational and experimental
strategies into the studies on molecular targets essential for the survival and virulence of the
parasite is fundamental in researching and developing new treatments for leishmaniasis. In the effort
to develop new vaccines and drugs, molecular docking methods are widely used as they explore the
adopted conformations of small molecules within the binding sites of macromolecular targets and estimate
the free energy of target-ligand binding. Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective
model in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Chalcones are a common simple scaffold
found in many compounds of natural and synthetic origin, where studies demonstrate the great pharmacological
potential in treating leishmaniasis. This review is based on scientific articles published in
the last ten years on molecular docking of chalcone derivatives for essential molecular targets of
Leishmania. Thus, this review emphasizes how versatile chalcone derivatives can be used in developing
new inhibitors of important molecular targets involved in the survival, growth, cell differentiation,
and infectivity of the parasites that cause leishmaniasis.
Steroid and Triterpenoid Compounds with Antiparasitic Properties
Authors: Ajduković Jovana. J. , Kuzminac Ivana Z. , Savić Marina P. , Nikolić Andrea R.
Published: January 2023

Parasitic diseases affect millions of people and animals, predominantly in the tropics, in-cluding visitors to tropical countries and other areas. Efficient and low-cost treatments for infections caused by various parasites are not yet available. Antiparasitic drugs have some drawbacks, such as toxicity and the development of resistance by parasites. This has motivated many researchers to fo-cus on the discovery of safe, effective and affordable antiparasitic drugs, both among drugs already available for other diseases and new compounds synthesized or isolated from natural sources. Fur-thermore, steroid and triterpenoid compounds attract the attention of pharmacologists, chemists and biochemists owing to their broad application in the treatment of various diseases. Isolation of ster-oid and triterpenoid compounds from natural sources with antiparasitic efficacy is an attractive choice for scientists. On the other hand, these compounds can be transformed into more potent forms by modifying the basic skeleton. This review presents a collection of isolated and synthesized steroid and triterpenoid compounds from 2018 to 2021 that have been reported to be effective against certain parasitic protozoa and helminths. A total of 258 compounds have been identified with antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, anti-Toxoplasma, and/or anthelmintic activity. The described investigations of antiparasitic compounds may be helpful for further drug develop-ment.
A Systematic Review on Traumatic Brain Injury Pathophysiology and
Role of Herbal Medicines in its Management
Authors: Arora Kaushal , Vats Vishal , Kaushik Nalin , Sindhawani Deepanshu , Saini Vaishali , Arora Divy Mohan , Kumar Yogesh , Vashisht Etash , Singh Govind , Verma Prabhakar Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide problem. Almost about sixtynine
million people sustain TBI each year all over the world. Repetitive TBI linked with increased risk
of neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, traumatic encephalopathy. TBI is characterized
by primary and secondary injury and exerts a severe impact on cognitive, behavioral, psychological
and other health problem. There were various proposed mechanism to understand complex
pathophysiology of TBI but still there is a need to explore more about TBI pathophysiology. There are
drugs present for the treatment of TBI in the market but there is still need of more drugs to develop for
better and effective treatment of TBI, because no single drug is available which reduces the further
progression of this injury.

Objective:

The main aim and objective of structuring this manuscript is to design, develop and gather
detailed data regarding about the pathophysiology of TBI and role of medicinal plants in its treatment.

Method:

This study is a systematic review conducted between January 1995 to June 2021 in which a
consultation of scientific articles from indexed periodicals was carried out in Science Direct, United
States National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Google Scholar, Elsvier, Springer and Bentham.

Results:

A total of 54 studies were analyzed, on the basis of literature survey in the research area of TBI.

Conclusion:

Recent studies have shown the potential of medicinal plants and their chemical constituents
against TBI therefore, this review targets the detailed information about the pathophysiology of
TBI and role of medicinal plants in its treatment.
The Most Accurate Way of Predicting Birth Weight in China: Zhuo’s
Formula
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Hong , Guo Xiaoyi , Ding Yijie , Qiu Jingbo , Wang Xiaohua
Published: January 2023

Background:

Pregnancy body mass index (BMI) influences fetal weight, yet no studies focused
on the comparison of formulas’ predictive accuracy after considering it.

Objective:

This study aimed to find out the most accurate formula for predicting birth weight, especially
in different BMI pregnant women.

Methods:

It is a prospective observational study. Using a convenient sampling, the participants who met
the criteria for inclusion were recruited in a tertiary hospital from January to March 2019. BMI was calculated
according to the pregnant woman’s weight and height at the first obstetric visit. The estimated
birth weights were predicted by five formulas based on participants’ uterine height and abdominal circumference
of the last obstetric examination. The actual birth weight was scaled in the delivery room.
The root mean square error (RMSE), empirical cumulative distribution map (ECDP) and Bland–Altman
plot were used to determine the accuracy of the formulas in predicting birth weight.

Results:

A total of 1197 pregnant women were recruited. The RMSE, median value and difference of
Zhuo’s formula in predicting the actual birth weight were the smallest (348.7), the closest to 0 (20.0) g,
and the smallest (-0.141 ± 11.511) g, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the RMSE of Zhuo’s formula
was the smallest in the low and normal BMI groups, and the difference of Zhuo’s formula by Bland-
Altman plot was the smallest (only 0.729±10.440) g in the overweight and obese group.

Conclusion:

Zhuo’s formula for predicting birth weight has the highest accuracy in different BMI
groups. Thus, it is worth recommending for clinical use.