bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of roster changes on absenteeism and incident frequency in an Australian coal mine
Authors: Baker A , Heiler K , Ferguson S A
Published: December 2002

Background:The occupational health and safety implications associated with compressed and extended work periods have not been fully explored in the mining sector.

Aims:To examine the impact on employee health and safety of changes to the roster system in an Australian coal mine.

Methods:Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were collected over a 33 month period that covered three different roster schedules. Period 1 covered the original 8-hour/7-day roster. Period 2 covered a 12-month period under a 12-hour/7-day schedule, and period 3 covered a 12-month period during which a roster that scheduled shifts only on weekdays, with uncapped overtime on weekends and days off (12-hour/5-day) was in place. Data were collected and analysed from the maintenance, mining, and coal preparation plant (CPP) sectors.

Results:The only significant change in absenteeism rates was an increase in the maintenance sector in the third data collection period. Absenteeism rates in the mining and CPP sectors were not different between data collection periods. The increase in the maintenance sector may be owing to: (1) a greater requirement for maintenance employees to perform overtime as a result of the roster change compared to other employee groups; or (2) greater monotony associated with extended work periods for maintenance employees compared to others. After the first roster change, accident incident frequency decreased in the CPP sector but not in the other sectors. There was no effect on incident frequency after the second roster change in any sector.

Conclusions:The current study did not find significant negative effects of a 12-hour pattern, when compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive overtime was introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates were increased in the maintenance sector. The combination of excessive work hours and lack of consultation with employees regarding the second change may have contributed to the overall negative effects.
Enhancing therapeutic efficacy in triple‐negative breast cancer and melanoma: synergistic effects of modulated electro‐hyperthermia (mEHT) with NSAIDs especially COX‐2 inhibition in in vivo models
Authors: Giunashvili Nino , Thomas Jeremiah Mbuotidem , Schvarcz Csaba András , Viana Pedro Henrique Leroy , Aloss Kenan , Bokhari Syeda Mahak Zahra , Koós Zoltán , Bócsi Dániel , Major Enikő , Balogh Andrea , Benyó Zoltán , Hamar Péter
Published: January 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and lacks modern therapy options. Modulated electro‐hyperthermia (mEHT) is an adjuvant therapy with demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of various cancer types. In this study, we report that mEHT monotherapy stimulated interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression, and consequently cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), which may favor a cancer‐promoting tumor microenvironment. Thus, we combined mEHT with nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a nonselective aspirin, or the selective COX‐2 inhibitor SC236, in vivo. We demonstrate that NSAIDs synergistically increased the effect of mEHT in the 4T1 TNBC model. Moreover, the strongest tumor destruction ratio was observed in the combination SC236 + mEHT groups. Tumor damage was accompanied by a significant increase in cleaved caspase‐3, suggesting that apoptosis played an important role. IL‐1β and COX‐2 expression were significantly reduced by the combination therapies. In addition, a custom‐made nanostring panel demonstrated significant upregulation of genes participating in the formation of the extracellular matrix. Similarly, in the B16F10 melanoma model, mEHT and aspirin synergistically reduced the number of melanoma nodules in the lungs. In conclusion, mEHT combined with a selective COX‐2 inhibitor may offer a new therapeutic option in TNBC.
Kinetic modelling of the cellular metabolic responses underpinning in vitro glycolysis assays
Authors: Patil Nitin , Mirveis Zohreh , Byrne Hugh J.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of augmenting commercially available, real‐time, in vitro glycolysis assays with phenomenological rate equation‐based kinetic models, describing the contributions of the underpinning metabolic pathways. To this end, a commercially available glycolysis assay, sensitive to changes in extracellular acidification (extracellular pH), was used to derive the glycolysis pathway kinetics. The pathway was numerically modelled using a series of ordinary differential rate equations, to simulate the obtained experimental results. The sensitivity of the model to the key equation parameters was also explored. The cellular glycolysis pathway kinetics were determined for three different cell‐lines, under nonmodulated and modulated conditions. Over the timescale studied, the assay demonstrated a two‐phase metabolic response, representing the differential kinetics of glycolysis pathway rate as a function of time, and this behaviour was faithfully reproduced by the model simulations. The model enabled quantitative comparison of the pathway kinetics of three cell lines, and also the modulating effect of two known drugs. Moreover, the modelling tool allows the subtle differences between different cell lines to be better elucidated and also allows augmentation of the assay sensitivity. A simplistic numerical model can faithfully reproduce the differential pathway kinetics for three different cell lines, with and without pathway‐modulating drugs, and furthermore provides insights into the cellular metabolism by elucidating the underlying mechanisms leading to the pathway end‐product. This study demonstrates that augmenting a relatively simple, real‐time, in vitro assay with a model of the underpinning metabolic pathway provides considerable insights into the observed differences in cellular systems.
Metabolic responses in the gills of Yellowtail Lambari Astyanax lacustris under low- and high-temperature thermal stress
Authors: Schleger Ieda Cristina , Pereira Diego Mauro Carneiro , Resende Anna Carolina , Romão Silvia , Herrerias Tatiana , Neundorf Ananda Karla Alves , Souza Maria Rosa Dmengeon Pedreiro , Donatti Lucélia
Published: January 2024

Objective

Ectothermic fish are directly affected by temperature changes in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic responses in the gills of Yellowtail Lambari Astyanax lacustris under thermal stress.

Methods

To this end, we used spectrophotometry to evaluate the biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, antioxidant defense, and oxidative damage in fish subjected to low (15°C) and high (31°C) temperatures, with control groups held at 23°C, for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h.

Result

The results showed that cold thermal stress did not change the energy demand, and the antioxidant defense was reduced; therefore, the gills were vulnerable to the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting increased protein carbonylation at 12 h. With heat thermal stress, a higher energy demand was observed, which was verified by an increase in aerobic metabolism by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. High-temperature stress also increased the antioxidant defenses, as verified by the increased activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. However, the antioxidant defense system could not protect tissues from the action of ROS, as protein carbonylation increased at 6 and 24 h, indicating oxidative stress.

Conclusion

The results showed that (1) temperature variations caused metabolic adjustments in the gills of Yellowtail Lambari, (2) the adaptive responses were different for winter and summer temperatures, and (3) Yellowtail Lambari recovered homeostasis when subjected to thermal stress, even with the occurrence of oxidative stress.
Nurse‐run program combines science, harm reduction to combat xylazine
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2024

A registered nurse and lead author of a journal article on skin wounds associated with the increasingly prevalent street drug adulterant xylazine said she was motivated to publish on this topic because of a disturbing “catch‐22” her patients experience. Among people who use drugs, the presence of these skin lesions often will shut them out of admission to an inpatient detox or rehabilitation program. At the same time, they are often denied entry to a skilled nursing facility for wound care because they are actively using.
Study finds reduction in stimulant use is a valid outcome
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

Abstinence is not a necessary requirement for improving measures of health and recovery among people with stimulant use disorder, according to a study published last week in Addiction. The study, “Reduced drug use as an alternative valid outcome in individuals with stimulant use disorders: Findings from 13 multisite randomized clinical trials,” analyzed trials for treatment for methamphetamine and cocaine use disorders. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded the study.
ASAM elaborates on its buprenorphine dosing paper
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

Last week, ADAW featured a published paper recommending that higher doses of buprenorphine be used in the era of fentanyl (see “ASAM recommends higher doses if needed for treatment with buprenorphine,” ADAW, Jan. 7, 2024, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adaw.33984). The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) did not have time to get back to us by deadline but did respond to our questions for this week's issue. Below are our questions, in italics, followed by their responses.
NIAAA launches new website for teens on drinking
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

Last week the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) launched “Facts About Teen Drinking,” with research‐based information. While underage drinking rates are declining, it's still important for teens to know how alcohol affects their health, how to identify the signs of a problem, and where to get help, according to the federal research agency. Go to https://niaaaforteens.niaaa.nih.gov/.
Terrence D. Walton Announced as New NAADAC Executive Director
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

Effective this month, Terrence D. Walton began serving as executive director of NAADAC, the Association for Addiction Professionals (NAADAC). Walton replaces Cynthia Moreno Tuohy who spent19 years at the helm of NAADAC.
Parafilm Enabled Rapid and Scalable Delamination/Integration of Graphene for High‐Performance Capacitive Touch Sensor
Authors: Durairaj Santhosh , Ali Nasir , Yoo Won Jong , Chandramohan S. , Lee Changgu
Published: January 2024

The high electrical conductivity and bendability of graphene makes it versatile for flexible electronic sensor applications. The fabrication of such flexible sensors necessitates two important prerequisites: defect‐free transfer of graphene to a flexible substrate and creating appropriate patterns without altering graphene's inherent properties. Here, a potentially rapid and scalable method to delaminate graphene non‐destructively from a metal substrate by using flexible parafilm is reported. This method allows not only the scalable transfer of continuous graphene, but also the realization of graphene patterns on the parafilm substrate. Graphene on parafilm showed negligible doping effect with high room temperature carrier mobility exceeding 6 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1 for a centimeter‐scale sample. Using parafilm as a substrate‐cum‐dielectric medium, a proof‐of‐concept capacitive touch sensor (CTS) arrays is demonstrated without the use of lithography, by simple cross‐assembling and mild heating. The graphene sensor thus realized in its simplistic device configuration had an enhanced sensitivity of 43% when touch and release cycles are performed on the device. The nearly non‐destructive and user‐friendly route for directly integrating graphene with a flexible substrate is expected to play a potential role in the design of graphene‐based flexible electronics.
DNA‐Programmed (De)Hybridization of Near‐Infrared Photosensitized UCNP‐QDs‐GNPs Nanoprobes for MicroRNA Imaging and Image‐Guided Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sun Jie , Geng Jiangtao , Tang Ben Zhong , He Xuewen
Published: January 2024

Accurate and sensitive analysis of cancer‐associated microRNAs in living tissue is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, a hierarchical nanoprobe denoted as UCNP‐QDs‐GNPs is delicately designed, where a near‐infrared (NIR) absorptive upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) serves as the core, broad‐absorptive and bright emissive quantum dots (QDs) and emission‐quencher gold nanoparticles (GNPs) surround as satellites for microRNA imaging and image‐guided cancer therapy. Through the programmed assembly of heterobivalent DNA‐conjugated QDs with DNA‐modified GNPs and UCNPs, the well‐defined nanostructured UCNP‐QDs‐GNPs are generated with quenched fluorescence. Upon encountering the microRNA‐21 target, GNPs underwent catalytic disassembly, resulting in the concurrent recovery and amplification of fluorescence from QDs and UCNPs, which enabled sensitive imaging and quantification of microRNA‐21 within living cells. Furthermore, dithiol‐constituted aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers bonded on the surface of QDs, are effectively photosensitized by the QDs. The NIR excitation harvested by UCNPs is therefore efficiently transferred to QDs and subsequently converged on the AIE photosensitizers, boosting photodynamic activity for image‐guided therapy in deep‐seated tumors. The DNA‐programmed (de)hybridization strategy, facilitating the conversion of NIR excitation into imaging signals and photodynamic activity, offers a promising avenue for the early theranostics of malignancies.
Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids
Authors: Patel Devan , Shetty Saniya , Acha Chris , Pantoja Itzy E. Morales , Zhao Alice , George Derosh , Gracias David H.
Published: January 2024

Brain organoids are three‐dimensional aggregates of self‐organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three‐dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two‐dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid–machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast‐scan optical techniques, buckling and self‐folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two‐way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
Extracellular Matrix‐Trapped Bioinspired Lipoprotein Prolongs Tumor Retention to Potentiate Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Wu Yao , Li Yongping , Hu Zixin , Li Yuan , Zhang Shixuan , Bao Xinyue , Zhou Yu , Gao Yuan , Li Yaping , Zhang Zhiwen
Published: January 2024

The immunomodulatory effects of many therapeutic agents are significantly challenged by their insufficient delivery efficiency and short retention time in tumors. Regarding the distinctively upregulated fibronectin (FN1) and tenascin C (TNC) in tumor stroma, herein a protease‐activated FN1 and/or TNC binding peptide (FTF) is designed and an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐trapped bioinspired lipoprotein (BL) (FTF‐BL‐CP) is proposed that can be preferentially captured by the TNC and/or FN1 for tumor retention, and then be responsively dissociated from the matrix to potentiate the antitumor immunity. The FTF‐BL‐CP treatment produces a 6.96‐, 9.24‐, 6.72‐, 7.32‐, and 6.73‐fold increase of CD3+CD8+ T cells and their interferon‐γ‐, granzyme B‐, perforin‐, and Ki67‐expressing subtypes versus the negative control, thereby profoundly eliciting the antitumor immunity. In orthotopic and lung metastatic breast cancer models, FTF‐BL‐CP produces notable therapeutic benefits of retarding tumor growth, extending survivals, and inhibiting lung metastasis. Therefore, this ECM‐trapping strategy provides an encouraging possibility of prolonging tumor retention to potentiate the antitumor immunity for anticancer immunotherapy.
Light‐Driven Sign Inversion of Circularly Polarized Luminescence Enabled by Dichroism Modulation in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Yihan , Luo Jiaxin , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: January 2024

Stimuli‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials show great promise in applying information encryption and anticounterfeiting. Herein, light‐driven CPL sign inversion is achieved by combining a photoresponsive achiral negative dichroic dye (KG) and a static achiral positive dichroic dye (NR) as dopants at the 0.5:0.5 weight ratio into the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) host. The side chains of KG undergo trans/cis isomerization after 365 nm UV light irradiation, leading to the dichroism (SF) decrease. The |glum| value of CLC doping with KG (CLC‐KG) weakens from 0.67 to 0.28 in response to the order degree change. Taking advantage of its unique CPL response property, the light‐driven CPL sign inversion is achieved (from −0.20/0.14 to 0.02/−0.04) by incorporating NR (0.5:0.5) into the CLC‐KG with helical superstructure static. Based on the synergistic use of circular polarization and responsiveness state as cryptographic primitives, the multidimensional information encryption CLC system can be realized.
Insights into the Stability and Surface Termination of Topological Semimetal NbAs2
Authors: D'Olimpio Gianluca , Zhang Yanxue , Rosmus Marcin , Nappini Silvia , Chakraborty Atasi , Olszowska Natalia , Ottaviano Luca , Sankar Raman , Agarwal Amit , Bondino Federica , Gao Junfeng , Politano Antonio
Published: January 2024

NbAs2, a topological semimetal, has stirred considerable interest for its potential usage in magnetic and fault‐tolerant quantum computation superconductor devices, owing to its superconductivity, enormous magnetoresistance, and anisotropic magneto‐transport attributes. Yet, its environmental stability, a crucial factor for practical applications, remains largely unexplored. Herein, a comprehensive examination of the stability and electronic properties of the (001) surface of NbAs2 utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and surface science experiments is conducted. The theoretical deductions reveal that As atoms, organized in a buckled honeycomb configuration, terminate the bare (001) surface, akin to the tensile blue arsenene monolayer along the armchair direction. This study further demonstrates that the oxidation barrier is particularly low (only 0.2 eV), highlighting that the (001) surface is highly prone to oxidation under standard conditions, forming a As2O5+Nb2O5/NbAs2 heterostructure. Additionally, it observes that oxidation adversely affects the electronic characteristics of the topological semimetal NbAs2. The conclusions underscore the need for NbAs2 to be managed under high vacuum conditions or to be encapsulated for any usage in the ambient atmosphere in order to retain its electronic properties for practical purposes.
Multi‐Track Triboelectric Nanogenerator Toward Omnidirectional Ocean Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ying Qingyun , Wu Junye , Liu Chong
Published: January 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) present a great potential approach for low‐frequency blue energy harvesting due to their unique advantages, however, omnidirectional wave energy harvesting remains challenging in complex marine environments. Herein, an omnidirectional multi‐track spherical structure TENG (OMS‐TENG) based on eight‐track fan type TENG (FTENG) is developed for harvesting low‐frequency ocean energy. The diameter and number of PTFE balls are optimized theoretically for boosting individual FTENG output and verified experimentally. The connection mode between different tracks and layers of OMS‐TENG is further investigated for efficient omnidirectional ocean energy harvesting. The motion parameters including translation and oscillation on electrical output performances of OMS‐TENG are systematically investigated and optimized. OMS‐TENG has proved to be an efficient device for harvesting omnidirectional wave energy with excellent stability and durability in complex marine environments. The maximum instantaneous power of 1270 µW can be obtained by individual OMS‐TENG. This work provides an effective approach toward omnidirectional ocean energy harvesting and important guidance for designing sustainable energy harvester.
Weak‐Chelation Assisted Regioselective Indole C(4)‐Alkynylation via Six‐Membered Cobaltacycle Intermediate
Authors: Joshi Sofaya , Dutta Riya , Kumar Banjare Shyam , Saxena Annapurna , Ravikumar Ponneri C.
Published: January 2024

Herein a regioselective indole C4‐alkynylation has been uncovered utilizing an earth‐abundant cobalt(III)‐catalyst. For this process, (bromoethynyl)benzene was used as an alkynylating agent. Also, after screening various amide‐protected chelating groups we found dimethyl‐amide is optimal for the in‐situ generation of cobaltacycle intermediate. The six‐membered cobaltacycle intermediate has been detected through high‐resolution mass spectrometry HRMS, which is a key intermediate for this conversion. Further, mechanistic studies were performed such as KIE experiments, and reactions with radical scavengers, and based on the results a plausible mechanism has been proposed. Moreover, to show the application of this methodology, the product has been oxidized to diketone, monoketone, alkene, alkane and further derivatized to a tricycle indole derivative, which is a core structure of many natural products.
Direct Intramolecular Coupling of Primary/Secondary Alcohols with Secondary Alcohols for Macrocyclic Alkenylation Using Ni‐Zeolite Catalyst Under Continuous‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Sutar Dashrat V. , Swami Gourishankar B. , Jamdade Akash B. , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report the direct intramolecular coupling of primary and secondary alcohols for the selective synthesis of macrocyclic olefins in the presence of Ni‐zeolite catalyst under continuous flow. This reaction proceeds via dehydration of secondary alcohols to alkenes, which subsequently undergo intramolecular dehydrative coupling reaction with a primary alcohol to obtain moderate yields of macrocyclic olefins. This reaction is also effective for the coupling of secondary‐secondary alcohols and alkene‐alcohols to produce diverse macrocyclic olefin products. This unique approach has various advantages including step‐economy, no additives and pre‐functionalization required, inexpensive and reusable catalyst, and exemplification with 23 macrocycles in different ring sizes. The continuous flow macrocyclisation afforded higher productivity and space‐time yield than the batch reaction conditions.
FeCl3/KI‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Cyclization for Switchable Total Synthesis of Luotonin A, B and Derivatives
Authors: Song Ying‐Chun , Wang Ming‐Xuan , Yi Yun‐Ying , Liu Yu‐Ting , Zhang Wen‐Xin , Wang Zi‐Yue , Sun Yuan‐Yuan , Wu An‐Xin , Zhu Yan‐Ping
Published: January 2024

A total synthesis strategy was developed for the synthesis of luotonin A, B and their analogues using synergistic FeCl3/KI‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization. This protocol utilizes cheap and widely available N‐propargyl 2‐methyl‐quinazolinones and arylamines under mild conditions, and it has a wide substrate scope and high atom economy. Different natural products (luotonin A, B and derivatives) can be synthesized via a unique switchable approach. Further transformations from luotonin B to luotonin E and structural modification of natural products demonstrate the potential applications of this method. Moreover, camptothecin can also be modified with the reported protocol to afford the hydroxyl‐substituted product.
Expanding the Synthetic Toolbox: Discovery of a Robust Aldehyde Dehydrogenase for Integrated Chemocatalysis and Enzyme Catalysis
Authors: Sha Jiang‐Tao , Yu Jian , Dai Jian‐Rong , Lu Guang‐Hui , Zong Min‐Hua , Li Ning
Published: January 2024

Chemobiocatalysis has recently emerged as a promising tool in organic synthesis; nonetheless, chemobiocatalytic transformations remain challenging due to the incompatibility between the two types of catalysts. Many enzymes, especially aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), are readily inactivated under the chemocatalytic conditions. Herein, we present a robust NADP+‐dependent p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaHBDH) for integrated chemocatalysis and enzyme catalysis. Apart from good activities toward a number of aromatic aldehydes, PaHBDH showed excellent thermal and storage stability in the absence of any stabilizer, but was also highly tolerant toward various organic solvents. The usefulness of PaHBDH in integrated catalysis was demonstrated by the synthesis of a group of aromatic carboxylic acids in good yields by combining with photo‐/electrochemical NADP+ regeneration. The photoenzymatic approach was further extended by integrating with a chemo(bio)catalytic cascade in one pot to allow for the conversion of furfural into value‐added C4 chemicals. The finding of this work may expand the synthetic toolbox for integrated catalysis.
3D Change Detection Method for Exterior Wall of LNG Storage Tank Supported by Multi‐Source Spatial Data
Authors: Gao Chutian , Guo Ming , Wang Guoli , Guo Kecai , Zhao Youshan
Published: January 2024

Change detection methods for measuring deformation of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall cannot meet the requirements for extensive and comprehensive deformation analysis. The method proposed in this paper uses multi‐source spatial data to detect the deformation of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall. Exterior wall data collected simultaneously by terrestrial and airborne laser scanners, as well as close‐range and oblique photogrammetry, are pre‐processed separately and then registered to the global point clouds. The deformation state of exterior wall is represented by a thorough assessment approach that takes into account four change indices. The results suggest that the registration precision of global point clouds is 6 mm. The global ovality of the LNG storage tank is 0.053%, with a tilt change of 2.58° and a deviation of 27 mm in the direction of the azimuth of 321.98°, an average value of 0.07 mm for depression and protrusion deformation, and a surface flatness of 21.3 mm. In this case, the flatness is greater than the variation threshold of the standard specification, indicating that the tank may have structural uneven settlement or other deformation problems. The attraction of the proposed method resides in its capacity to efficiently and accurately obtain spatial positioning and color information of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall, thereby providing a robust foundation for precise judgments regarding the deformation state.
Real‐Time and Continuous Monitoring of Brain Deformation
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Tang Chengqiang , Li Jianzheng , Yang Yiqing , Li Wenjun , Wang Jiajia , Yu Sihui , Wang Chuang , Qin Yajie , Tong Qi , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: January 2024

Researchers have typically studied the brain by monitoring characteristic signals, such as electrophysiology and neurotransmitters by implanted electronics. Here, real‐time monitoring of dynamic deformations of the brain tissue in vivo, is demonstrated, as a new characteristic parameter that is reflective of brain states. As a proof of concept, a thin capacitive deformation sensor is fabricated and implanted between the skull and cortex, and the sensor is shown to effectively monitor dynamic deformations of the cortical surface in the rat brain as induced by respiration and heartbeat under different degrees of anesthesia. This brain monitoring approach based on deformation signals opens up a new direction for understanding the brain.
Defect‐Passivating and Stable Benzothiophene‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Ming , Li Mingliang , Li Yanxun , An Yidan , Yao Zefan , Fan Baobing , Qi Feng , Liu Kaikai , Yip Hin‐Lap , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: January 2024

Effective passivation of defects at the buried interface between the perovskite absorber and hole‐selective layer (HSL) is crucial for achieving high performance in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, the HSL needs to possess compact molecular packing and intrinsic photo‐ and thermo‐stability to ensure long‐term operation of the devices. In this study, a novel MeO‐BTBT‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) is reported to serve as an efficient HSL in inverted PSCs. Compared to the well‐established carbazole‐containing SAM MeO‐2PACz, MeO‐BTBT has flat and more extended conjugation with large atomic radius of the sulfur atom. These induce stronger intermolecular interactions to enable more ordered and compact SAM to be formed on indium–tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Meanwhile, the sulfur atoms in MeO‐BTBT can coordinate with Pb2+ ions to passivate the defects at the buried interface of perovskite absorber. The derived perovskite films show both high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (13.2%) and a long lifetime (7.2 µs). The PSCs based on MeO‐BTBT show a PCE of 24.53% with an impressive fill factor of 85.3%. The PCEs of MeO‐BTBT‐based devices can maintain ≈95% of their initial values after being aged at 65 °C for more than 1000 h or continuous operation under 1‐sun illumination.
Boosting the Output of Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator by an External Charge‐Pumping Strategy
Authors: Wu Peipei , Yang Peng , Liu Zhaoqi , Huang Guangzhao , Tao Xinglin , Qin Siyao , Dong Xuanyi , Zheng Li , Li Hexing , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2024

In recent years, liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator (LSTENG) has attracted great attention. However, its low average power density and long charging time limit the practical application of this technique. Here, for the first time, a liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator combined with external charge‐pumping method (ECP‐LSTENG) is proposed. Compared to traditional LSTENGs, a charge storage capacitor is added in this ECP‐LSTENG to store the output charges from the pumping generator. Then, a charge extraction capacitor is formed by the spreading and shrinking processes of falling droplet, while the charging and discharging process between charge storage and extraction capacitors can generate displacement current output for external circuit. Meanwhile, it is found that a special charged droplets adhesion phenomenon happens at the liquid–solid interface, which seriously hinders the continuous output of ECP‐LSTENG. To overcome this limitation, a special coaxial deceleration commutation component is designed to ensure continuous output of the ECP‐LSTENG. Finally, the peak power density of a droplet (50 µL) reaches 231.8 W m−2, surpassing the highest research record to date by 1.43 times. This ECP‐LSTENG provides a different approach for the future development of large‐scale integrated raindrop generators for efficient raindrop energy harvesting.
The Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes cohort study: Design, baseline characteristics, and early outcomes
Authors: Cerhan James R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Link Brian K. , Feldman Andrew L. , Habermann Thomas M. , Jaye David L. , Burack W. Richard , McDonnell Timothy J. , Vega Francisco , Chapman Jennifer R. , Syrbu Sergei , Vij Kiran R. , Inghirami Giorgio , Leonard John P. , Bernal‐Mizrachi Leon , Farooq Umar , Witzig Thomas E. , Weiner George J. , Wang Yucai , Alderuccio Juan P. , Slager Susan L. , Larson Melissa C. , Riska Shaun M. , Gysbers Brianna J. , Lunde Julianne J. , Reicks Tanner W. , Ayers Amy A. , O'Leary Colin B. , Yost Kathleen J. , Liu Hongfang , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Ruan Jia , Chihara Dai , Koff Jean L. , Casulo Carla , Thompson Carrie A. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Kahl Brad S. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Lossos Izidore S. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Martin Peter , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: January 2024

To address the current and long‐term unmet health needs of the growing population of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, we established the Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes (LEO) cohort study (NCT02736357; https://leocohort.org/). A total of 7735 newly diagnosed patients aged 18 years and older with NHL were prospectively enrolled from 7/1/2015 to 5/31/2020 at 8 academic centers in the United States. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range, 18–99). Participants came from 49 US states and included 538 Black/African‐Americans (AA), 822 Hispanics (regardless of race), 3386 women, 716 age <40 years, and 1513 rural residents. At study baseline, we abstracted clinical, pathology, and treatment data; banked serum/plasma (N = 5883, 76.0%) and germline DNA (N = 5465, 70.7%); constructed tissue microarrays for four major NHL subtypes (N = 1189); and collected quality of life (N = 5281, 68.3%) and epidemiologic risk factor (N = 4489, 58.0%) data. Through August 2022, there were 1492 deaths. Compared to population‐based SEER data (2015–2019), LEO participants had a similar distribution of gender, AA race, Hispanic ethnicity, and NHL subtype, while LEO was underrepresented for patients who were Asian and aged 80 years and above. Observed overall survival rates for LEO at 1 and 2 years were similar to population‐based SEER rates for indolent B‐cell (follicular and marginal zone) and T‐cell lymphomas, but were 10%–15% higher than SEER rates for aggressive B‐cell subtypes (diffuse large B‐cell and mantle cell). The LEO cohort is a robust and comprehensive national resource to address the role of clinical, tumor, host genetic, epidemiologic, and other biologic factors in NHL prognosis and survivorship.
BN‐Isosteres of Nonacene with Antiaromatic B2C4 and N2C4 Heterocycles: Synthesis and Strong Luminescence**
Authors: Chen Cheng , Chang Zhi‐Dong , Guo Yong‐Kang , Huang Yan‐Bo , Wang Xiao‐Ye
Published: January 2024

Embedding both boron and nitrogen into the backbone of acenes to generate their isoelectronic structures has significantly enriched the acene chemistry to offer appealing properties. However, only small BN‐heteroacenes have been extensively investigated, with BN‐heptacenes as the hitherto longest homologue. Herein, we report the synthesis of three new nonacene BN‐isosteres via incorporating a pair of antiaromatic B2C4 and N2C4 heterocycles, representing a new length record for BN‐heteroacenes. The distance between the B2C4 and N2C4 rings affects the contribution of the charge‐separated resonance forms, leading to tunable antiaromaticity of the two heterocycles. The adjusted local antiaromaticity manifests substantial influence on the molecular orbital arrangement, and consequently, the radiative transition rate of BN‐3 is greatly enhanced compared with BN‐1 and BN‐2, realizing a high fluorescence quantum yield of 92 %. This work provides a novel design concept of large acene BN‐isosteres and reveals the importance of BN/CC isosterism on their luminescent properties.
Design von 3D‐gedruckten heterogenen Reaktorsystemen zur Überwindung von Inkompatibilitätshürden bei der Kombination von Metall‐ und Enzym‐Katalyse in einem Eintopf‐Prozess
Authors: Salitra Nadiya , Gurauskis Jonas , Gröger Harald
Published: January 2024

Die Kombination von Chemo‐ und Biokatalyse ermöglicht die Entwicklung neuartiger ökonomischer und nachhaltiger Eintopfverfahren für die Herstellung von Industriechemikalien, welche vorzugsweise in Wasser ablaufen. Während kürzlich anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen der Nachweis für die Kompatibilität solcher Katalysatoren aus diesen beiden unterschiedlichen “Welten der Katalyse” aufgezeigt wurde, blieb die Zusammenführung nicht kompatibler Chemo‐ und Biokatalysatoren für gemeinsame Anwendungen in einem Reaktor eine Herausforderung. Eine konzeptionelle Lösung besteht in der Kompartimentierung der katalytischen Einheiten durch Heterogenisierung kritischer Katalysatorkomponenten, wodurch diese von dem komplementären, nicht kompatiblen Katalysator, Substrat oder Reagenz “abgeschirmt” werden. Am Beispiel eines Eintopfverfahrens, das aus einer Metall‐katalysierten Wacker‐Oxidation und einer enzymatischen Reduktion als nicht‐kompatible Einzelreaktionsschritte besteht, zeigen wir, dass durch den Einsatz des 3D‐Drucks von heterogenen, die kritische Metallkomponente Kupfer enthaltenden Materialien solche Hürden der Inkompatibilität überwinden werden können. Der Einsatz eines 3D‐gedruckten Cu‐Keramikgerüsts als Metallkatalysator‐Komponente ermöglicht eine effiziente Kombination mit dem Enzym und die gewünschte zweistufige Umwandlung von Styrol in das chirale Alkoholprodukt mit hohem Gesamtumsatz und exzellenter Enantioselektivität. Dieses auf 3D‐Druck heterogenisierter Metallkatalysatoren basierende Konzept zur Kompartimentierung stellt eine skalierbare Methodik dar und eröffnet zahlreiche Perspektiven im Hinblick auf dessen Nutzung als allgemeiner Lösungsansatz auch für weitere verwandte chemoenzymatische Forschungsherausforderungen.
Efficient adsorption‐photocatalysis activity of ternary ZnO‐Sm2O3‐MgO co‐modified biochar for dye removal
Authors: Zhou Yuanliang , Wen Jing , Dong Jinmei , Zheng Weixin , Chang Chenggong , Liu Tingting , Zheng Xiaogang
Published: January 2024

To boost the adsorption‐photocatalytic performances of biochar in wastewater treatment, biochar was modified with ternary metal oxides ZnO, Sm2O3, and MgO (ZnSm/Mg‐biochar) via the one‐step pyrolysis method. The optimal 2b‐ZnSm/Mg‐biochar with a Zn/Sm molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited the better removal activity of RhB in comparison with biochar, 2‐Mg/biochar, and b‐ZnSm/biochar. The removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 2b‐ZnSm/Mg‐biochar was 99.46% and 979.22 mg g−1 for RhB solution of 410 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of ZnSm/Mg‐biochar composites were as described by second‐order and Langmuir models, respectively. The abundant vacant sites at the junction interface of ZnO, Sm2O3, MgO, and biochar were favorable for the adsorption and photon capturing, achieving the efficient photo‐conversion of RhB under the stimulated solar‐light irradiation.
Enhanced simultaneous voltammetric detection of dopamine and uric acid using Au@Ni‐metal–organic framework‐modified electrode
Authors: Feng Zhou , Lim Hong Ngee , Ibrahim Izwaharyanie , Endot Nor Azam , Malek Emilia Abdul , Gowthaman N. S. Krishnan
Published: January 2024

A novel conductive Ni‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) decorated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs; Au@Ni‐MOF) was developed and used as a drop‐cast thin‐film electrode to individually and simultaneously quantify dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The Ni‐MOF composite was synthesized using an in situ growth strategy involving the growth of [Ni3(BTC)2(H2O)6]n (BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) with coordinatively unsaturated Ni (II) sites. The Ni‐MOF powder was then mixed with a AuNP solution to produce a Au@Ni‐MOF hybrid material. The synthesized Au@Ni‐MOF hybrid material was employed as a surface modifier for a screen‐printed carbon electrode, and its efficacy for the detection of DA and UA was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry. The developed sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity, achieving low detection limits of approximately 0.027 and 0.028 μM (S/N = 3) in the simultaneous quantification of DA and UA, respectively. The sensor exhibited an extensive linear range of 0.5 μM to 1 mM, coupled with excellent sensitivities for DA and UA of 1.43 and 1.35 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor performance in human serum and urine samples was successfully validated using DPV, which revealed outstanding recovery rates of 93.8–105.0% with a minimal relative standard deviation below 3%. Moreover, the synthesized Au@Ni‐MOF composite exhibited exceptional dispersion stability, high sensitivity, and remarkable selectivity, which were attributed to the well‐arranged combination of AuNPs and Ni‐MOFs, enabling its use in non‐enzymatic sensing applications targeting DA and UA.
Synthesis, structure, and catalytic performance of solvent induced zinc clusters in furan synthesis by cycloisomerization reaction
Authors: Farzaneh‐Bonab Hossein , Bikas Rahman , Noshiranzadeh Nader , Kozakiewicz‐Piekarz Anna , Lis Tadeusz
Published: January 2024

Two Zn(II) clusters were synthesized by the reaction of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O and 1,2‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine as a N2O4‐donor Schiff base ligand in 1:3 molar ratio. The reaction in methanol gave yellow‐brown needle crystals, while block yellow crystals were achieved in a mixture of methanol:water (50:50 v/v). Investigation of the crystals by single crystal X‐ray analysis showed that solvent has considerable effect on the structure and composition of the products. In methanol, two independent pentanuclear Zn(II) clusters with the same general formula of [Zn5(L)2(μ‐OAc)4(OAc)2(CH3OH)2] but different coordination environments around Zn(II) cores, and bridging mode of the acetate ligands are present in the unit cell. In a mixture of methanol:water, a pentanuclear cluster and a 1D coordination polymer with pentanuclear repetitive unit are simultaneously present in the crystal structure. These compounds were further characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and they were used as catalysts for intramolecular cycloisomerization of 1,4‐diphenylbut‐3‐yn‐1‐one. The results indicated that these Zn(II) clusters can efficiently produce 2,5‐diphenylfuran through catalytic cycloisomerization reaction.
Copolyimide molecular brushes with poly(methacrylic acid) side chains as additive to polyphthalamide membrane: Organization, physical, and transport properties
Authors: Ivanov Ivan V. , Polotskaya Galina A. , Kuryndin Ivan S. , Sokolova Maria P. , Yakimansky Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

Macromolecules of complex architecture find application as modifiers of commercial polymeric membrane materials. In this work, copolyimide molecular brushes (coPI) composed of polyimide backbone and poly(methacrylic acid) side chains were used to modify poly(m‐phenylene iso‐phthalamide) (PPA). Structure, physical, mechanical, and transport properties of dense nonporous PPA/coPI membranes containing up to 10 wt% coPI were studied. The effect of included coPI on the membrane structure was estimated using atomic force microscopy and mechanical tests. The coPI modifier contributes to the additional formation of free volume elements evenly distributed throughout the membrane. Transport properties of PPA/coPI membranes were investigated via sorption tests and pervaporation separation of methanol (MeOH) and methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) mixtures. The inclusion of coPI modifier in the PPA membrane leads to an increase in the total flux of the membrane. The highest separation factor was found for the PPA/coPI membrane containing 10 wt% coPI; transport properties of the best membrane were compared with the literature data on separation of the azeotropic MeOH–MTBE mixture.
Why new scientific information is important for native fish conservation: A case study from the humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Grand Canyon, U.S.A.
Authors: Boyer Jan K. , Fonken Dale R. , Rogowski David L.
Published: January 2024

Habitat descriptions found in critical habitat designations and recovery plans are important for protecting endangered species. However, in order to protect critical habitat, it is necessary to update descriptions of habitat use when range shifts occur or new studies change the understanding of habitat use.

This study examined the habitat use of a threatened desert fish to determine whether current habitat use matched the descriptions in recovery documents. Recovery documents describe humpback chub (Gila cypha) as being dependent on rocky, canyon‐bound habitats during all life stages, but recent surveys found humpback chub in open, silt‐laden habitats, suggesting this species may be able to occupy a wider range of habitats.

Hoop net catch data from a long‐term monitoring project in the Colorado River were used to compare catches of two size classes: juvenile/subadult (<200 mm total length [TL]) and adult humpback chub (≥200 mm TL). Catch information was analysed on an individual net scale and on a geological segment scale using generalized linear mixed models.

There was no difference in juvenile/subadult humpback chub catch between hoop nets set in rocky habitat compared with habitat with only fine sediment. Humpback chub catch for all life stages in a river segment characterized by silt banks exceeded or was not significantly different from catch in rocky segments.

This case study demonstrates the importance of revisiting habitat descriptions, sampling in areas outside known or expected habitat and incorporating new data related to range expansion or habitat changes in recovery strategies to better describe and protect habitats that can support imperilled species.
Accuracy of initial diagnostic impressions of autism in toddlers and behaviors that inform these impressions
Authors: Thomas Rebecca P. , de Marchena Ashley , Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Stahmer Aubyn , Milan Stephanie , Burke Jeffrey D. , Barton Marianne L. , Robins Diana L. , Fein Deborah A.
Published: January 2024

Clinicians form initial impressions about a child's diagnosis based on behavioral features, but research has not yet identified specific behaviors to guide initial diagnostic impressions. Participants were toddlers (N = 55, mean age 22.9 months) from a multi‐site early detection study, referred for concern for ASD due to screening or parent/provider concern. Within 5 min of meeting a child, clinicians noted ASD or non‐ASD impression, confidence in impression, and behaviors that informed their impression. These clinicians also determined final diagnoses for each child. When a child's final diagnosis was ASD (n = 35), senior clinicians formed an initial impression of ASD in 22 cases (63%) but missed 13 cases (37%). When final diagnosis was non‐ASD (n = 20), senior clinicians made an initial impression of non‐ASD in all cases (100%). Results were similar among junior clinicians. Senior and junior clinicians used the same behaviors to form accurate impressions of ASD and non‐ASD: social reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and eye contact. Senior clinicians additionally used focus of attention when forming accurate impressions of ASD and non‐ASD; junior clinicians used this behavior only when forming accurate non‐ASD impressions. Clinicians' initial impressions of ASD are very likely to be consistent with final diagnoses, but initial impressions of non‐ASD need follow‐up. Toddlers who show all four atypical behaviors (social reciprocity, nonverbal communication, eye contact, and focus of attention) might receive expedited ASD diagnoses. However, presence of apparently typical behaviors should not rule out ASD; for some children a longer evaluation is necessary to allow for more opportunities to observe subtle social behavior.
Artificial Intelligence: The Corporate Dealmaking Game‐Changer
Authors: Lee Steven , Gupta Manish
Published: January 2024

Steven Lee and Manish Gupta are managing directors with Alvarez & Marsal's Transaction Advisory Group. In this article, they explore the impact of artificial intelligence on corporate dealmaking.