bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cosmetic outcome of acrylic spherical implants followed by prefabricated ocular prosthesis as a cost-effective option for disfiguring eyes in developing countries during economic constraints
Authors: Amer Ahmed A. , Abdel-Rahman Osman Hamdy O. , Ahmed Esam S. , Abdelrahman Amr A. , Elbarawy Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the cosmetic outcome of acrylic spherical implants followed by the application of the prefabricated ocular prosthesis in Egyptian patients as an example of developing countries.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective study that was conducted in Egypt on patients who underwent ocular evisceration with acrylic spherical implant followed by the application of prefabricated ocular prosthesis during the period from October 2019 to March 2024. The clinical data of all recruited patients were reviewed including demographic data, ophthalmic evaluation, indication of evisceration, and postoperative follow-up data.

Results

The study included 42 patients with a mean age of 38.24±13.2 years. The cause of evisceration was endophthalmitis in 15 (35.7%) patients, absolute glaucoma in eight (19%) patients, atrophia/phthisis bulbi in seven (16.7%) patients, anterior staphyloma in seven (16.7%) patients, and trauma in five (11.9%) patients. Prefabricated prostheses were applied to all patients with an estimated cost of 7$ after evisceration with an acrylic implant which is estimated to a cost of about 20$. During the first week of follow-up, ocular discomfort was reported in 38 (90.5%) patients, pain in 29 (69.1%) patients, discharge in 21 (50%) patients, lid edema in 13 (30.9%) patients, chemosis in 21 (50%) patients, and wound dehiscence in two (4.8%) patients. At the 6-month follow-up, the discomfort was reduced to three (7.1%) patients, discharge to seven (16.7%) patients, and three patients had ptosis. No cases of implant migration or extrusion were reported, and cosmetic satisfaction was achieved in 40 (95.2%) patients. The multivariate Cox hazard regression model showed that good wound healing had a 78% less liability for complications.

Conclusion

The use of acrylic spherical implants after evisceration followed by prefabricated ocular prosthesis is a highly cost-effective option for disfiguring eyes in developing countries.
Mainstreaming Millets: Reviving the Miracle Grain for Addressing Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Singh Arunjeet , Thakur Jarnail Singh
Published: January 2025

Millets have been known and grown in India since the Vedic times and have been part of traditional Indian diets ever since. Production and consumption of millets saw a considerable decline after the Green Revolution. The opportunity cost of substituting wheat and rice with millets is evident now with an incremental increase in the incidence and mortality of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over successive decades. Food security, climate crisis, and the inherent resilience of the crop to grow in semi-arid climates have been some of the key factors that have been instrumental in reviving the millet story. Millets being rich in micronutrients, fibers, and a low glycemic index are ideally suited to address the rising burden of NCDs. Stewardship by the government in the form of policy inputs and creating a favorable ecosystem with the involvement of farmers, industry, and even consumers to mainstream the grain has seen a paradigm shift in the past decade. 2023 will be observed as the International Year of Millets by the United Nations which will provide the platform to not only advocate the health benefits attributed to the grain but also mainstream millets in the international arena.
Challenges Faced by Community Health Officers and Beneficiary Satisfaction Related to Telemedicine Services at Health and Wellness Centers: A Mixed-Method Study from a Block of West Bengal
Authors: Dutta Sinjita , Chakrabarti Sreetama , Basu Mausumi , Manna Sukanta
Published: January 2025

Telemedicine services by community health officers (CHOs) at health and wellness centers (HWCs) in West Bengal were introduced to provide specialist doctors’ consultation, faster diagnosis, free treatment, and universal health coverage in rural areas to reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases. The challenges and beneficiary satisfaction related to these services are yet to be evaluated. This study was conducted to explore the challenges faced by the CHOs and find out the factors associated with beneficiary satisfaction related to telemedicine services. A mixed-method study with convergent parallel design was conducted among 6 CHOs and 101 beneficiaries attending the HWCs for telemedicine services at Budge Budge-II block, West Bengal, from June to July 2022. Quantitative data were collected using predesigned, pretested, prestructured schedules by face-to-face interview, while one focus-group discussion was conducted among CHOs for qualitative data. Out of 101 beneficiaries, 71.3% were 31–60 years of age, 53.5% were females, and 53.4% were educated at least to the secondary level. 71.3% beneficiaries stated that the average time taken for telemedicine consultation was up to 30 minutes. The challenges faced by the CHOs included doctors’ unavailability at a particular time of the day, technical issues with the service portal, time crunch, and meeting the daily fixed patient target. Beneficiary satisfaction was significantly associated with the availability of doctors and time taken for the consultation. The overall satisfaction index of the beneficiaries was 55.8%. Quality services along with beneficiary satisfaction can be improved by ensuring doctors’ availability, user-friendly service portals, and appropriate time for each consultation.
A study on Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Services in Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Shukla Rujul , Solanki Sahil , Dave Viral , Modi Bhavesh , Solanki Rajesh
Published: January 2025

Background:

India accounts for the highest burden of tuberculosis cases in the world. Patient satisfaction is a key criterion for evaluating the quality of healthcare services as satisfaction has been found to be associated with superior compliance and better outcomes. Study was planned with the objectives to assess the patient’s satisfaction regarding treatment-related services under NTEP.

Materials and Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) Area. A total of 200 participants were included in the study from various zones of AMC. Probability-proportional-to-size sampling was done and patients seeking care at public (126; 63%) and private (74; 37%) healthcare facilities were included. Questionnaire contained questions related to general sociodemographic profile of participants and satisfaction to NTEP service for which, PSQ-18 Questionnaire was utilized.

Results:

Overall satisfaction to NTEP services was found to be 86%. Amongst public healthcare facilities satisfaction was found to be 86.5% whereas in private healthcare facility it was 85.1%. Compliance to TB treatment was found in 91.5% of participants. Domains such as general satisfaction, communication, time spent with doctors, and accessibility and convenience were found to be statistically significant at private facility compared with public healthcare facility.

Conclusion:

Statistically significant difference was found between patient satisfaction at public and private health facilities in domains of general satisfaction, communication, time spent with doctor, and accessibility and convenience. The same domains at public and private type of healthcare facilities were found to have statistically significant role in treatment compliance by study participants.
Benefits and Limitations of Flipped Classroom
Authors: Dsouza Madonna J , Divyabharathy R , Arun Daniel J
Published: January 2025

In the digital age of learning, new learning ecologies provide students with new web-based learning opportunities and resources. Medical education is reaching a new trend in teaching–learning methods by providing student-centered teaching. Flipped classroom is one among the teaching–learning methods. The contribution of the flipped classroom to education is discussed in relation to the changes in students’ and instructors’ roles. Subsequently, flipped classroom advantages and drawbacks are illustrated. For the current article literature was searched in databases PubMed and Scopus and only articles related to medical teaching were included. Studies on non-academic or informal settings without relevance to flipped classrooms were excluded. The study’s findings suggest that creating successful flipped classroom environments may be aided by carefully considering the cautions and suggestions given in the literature and also this article attempts to inform those who are thinking of using new technologies and approaches to deliver courses.
Prevalence of Low Bone Mineral Density among Narikuravar Women of 18–45 Years of Age in Sakkimangalam Village, Madurai, 2021
Authors: Priya S , Sridevi PN , Thirukumaran R , Robinson J , Muthuraman A Kannan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Low bone mineral density comprising of both osteopenia and osteoporosis is a major health problem affecting 81% of elderly women. It is a silent disease causing bone fractures, thereby decreasing the quality of life. However, the real basis lies in the failure to achieve adequate bone mass at a young age due to nutritional and other factors. Women, especially tribes, lack a healthy diet. Studies on bone mineral density (BMD) among tribes were scarce. Hence, the need for the present study is observed.

Material and Methods:

1. To estimate the prevalence of low BMD among Narikuravar women of 18–45 years. 2. To determine the association of BMD with sociodemographic factors and dietary calcium intake. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Narikuravar colony, Sakkimangalam village, Madurai. Out of 210 women aged 18–45 (obtained from Family Register), 146 eligible participants were interviewed using a validated semi-structured questionnaire. BMD was measured using calcaneal USG and WHO T score calculated. Analysis was done by SPSS 21.0. Simple proportions were calculated. The Chi-square test and correlation were used to find an association.

Results:

Based on the WHO T score, the prevalence of low BMD was 55.5% (n = 81). One hundred percent of study participants had a calcium intake less than the daily requirement. Low BMD was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with lower educational status, alcohol, increasing age (r = −0.750), and low calcium intake (r = 0.188).

Conclusions:

A high prevalence of low BMD warrants early screening at the primary care level itself to improve quality of life in the future. Health education on nutrition, physical activity, and alcohol cessation can be given in multiple sessions.
A novel method of using indocyanine green fluorescence technique for nephron-sparing surgery
Authors: Nayyar Rishi , Das Chandan J. , Gupta Prashant
Published: January 2025

Two complex small renal masses were operated using a novel method of utilising indocyanine green fluorescence for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), overcoming its current limitations of short duration of effect and non-enhancement of the tumor. The dye was emulsified with ethiodized oil and a 1:1 mixture was administered on the morning of the surgery using superselective cannulation of the direct tumoral blood supply. The fluorescence could be used throughout the entire course of the surgery irrespective of arterial clamping, allowing quick tumor identification, edge marking, and near-enucleation over enucleoresection. This novel method has the potential to aid the surgeon during various critical steps of NSS.
Total Knee Arthroplasty versus Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Bicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sodavarapu Praveen , Ksheerasagar Vivek P. , Khan Shahnawaz , Ghosh Akash
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The majority of bicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) knee is currently being managed with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which leads to the loss of the completely intact compartment and the anterior or both cruciate ligament. Bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) preserve bone stock and the cruciates, resulting in a more kinematically efficient knee with normal gait pattern and knee mechanics. Nevertheless, TKA continues to be preferred for bicompartmental OA knee, due to the lack of conclusive evidence regarding the survival of BKA. Therefore, this study is intended to provide more supportive evidence regarding the management of bicompartmental OA knee, by analyzing the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of these patients undergoing BKA versus TKA.

Methods:

All the studies extracted from online databases using the prespecified search terms were pooled together along with their abstracts and other relevant details. After screening through all the databases, the final 10 studies were included. Data were extracted and organized into two groups and statistical analysis was done.

Results:

Among the total of 561 patients, the mean age ranged from 52 to 67.2 years and the mean follow-up ranged from 12 months to 60 months among the studies. Blood loss was higher in the TKA group compared to the BKA group. The duration of surgery was found to be more in the BKA group compared to the TKA group owing to the longer learning curve. ROM was more in BKA compared to the TKA group. Overall, the complications were higher in BKA than in TKA, which was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Although knee stiffness, infection and aseptic loosening rates were similar in both groups, adverse effects such as anterior knee pain and patellar subluxation were higher in the BKA group. The incidence of revision was higher in the BKA group when compared to the TKA group. Functional outcome scores were statistically equivalent in both of the groups.

Conclusion:

BKA was not found to be superior to TKA in the bicompartmental OA knee. Although functional scores were found to be equivalent in both groups. Overall complications and revision rates were higher in BKA than in TKA.
Melioidosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei: Disease mechanisms, drug resistance, and treatment challenges
Authors: Rout Sikha Swarupa , Roy Saptarshi , Mishra Surya Narayan , Sahoo Lulup Kumar , Sahu Kundan Kumar , Panigrahy Rajashree
Published: January 2025

Melioidosis, which is often referred to as Whitmore’s illness, is a potentially fatal infection that arises from the environmental Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. These bacteria can have a fatality rate of up to 40% and are typically characterized by numerous abscesses and pneumonia. Functional neutrophil defects, often linked to risk factors like diabetes, may significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of melioidosis. Research has identified virulence factor, such as type III secretion system, which enables phagocytes to evade killing mechanisms. While cell-mediated immunity may play a role, repeated environmental exposure does not lead to the development of protective humoral or cellular immunity. A vaccine is being developed for the same; however, in many endemic places, vaccination may not be a feasible option due to financial constraints. The signs and symptoms of these diseases are unpredictable, and there are currently no speedy, practical, affordable, or reliable diagnostic tools in the market; instead, diagnosis majorly relies on the culture of the organism. Even with the development of intravenous ceftazidime and carbapenem therapies, severe sepsis and its consequences remain a major cause of mortality in melioidosis cases. To prevent recurrence, a prolonged course of oral medication aimed at complete eradication is required. To lessen the impact of this illness, research on the importance of prophylactic interventions, early clinical detection, and improved care of severe sepsis is needed.
Temporal dynamics of the burn wound microbiome and their resistance towards various antibiotics: A hospital-based observational study
Authors: Rout Swikrutee , Kumar Rahul , Sahu Kundan Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Burn wounds are highly susceptible to bacterial infections due to compromised skin barriers, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a major challenge in burn care, often complicating treatment outcomes. In India, the prevalence of MDR infections in burn patients is rising, necessitating continuous surveillance and infection control. Gender-based variations in infection patterns and resistance profiles remain underexplored. This study investigates bacterial infection prevalence, resistance patterns, and gender disparities among burn patients at SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, providing crucial insights for improving clinical management.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed data from 101 burn wound patients (60 males, 40 females) admitted to SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Burn wound swabs were aseptically collected, cultured on standard microbiological media, and bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests and automated systems. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method per CLSI guidelines, with MDR defined as resistance to three or more antibiotic classes. Data were analyzed to assess bacterial prevalence, resistance patterns, and gender disparities. Ethical approval was obtained, and patient confidentiality was maintained.

Result:

A total of 101 pus samples were collected from burn wounds, including 60 males and 41 females. The 31-40 age group had the highest sample count (25), with 16 males and 9 females. Acinetobacter baumannii cplx caused the most infections in females, while Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR) was predominant in males. Twenty-eight different bacterial species were identified, with Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR), and Acinetobacter baumannii cplx being the most frequent in both genders. Several bacteria, such as Burkholderia cepacia, Candida auris, and Providencia rettgeri, showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics. Escherichia coli displayed 72.41% resistance, while its MDR strain exhibited 88.88% resistance. Klebsiella pneumoniae and its MDR strain showed resistance rates of 86.95% and 94.44%, respectively. The findings underscore the prevalence of MDR bacterial infections in burn patients. Detailed data on bacterial infections and resistance patterns are presented in tables and figures.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections among burn wound patients at SUM Hospital, with notable gender disparities in dominant pathogens. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved infection control measures and targeted treatment strategies. Continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for effective burn care management.
A mysterious case of oral agony: Unraveling herpetic gingivostomatitis in a 6-year-old girl with recent dengue history
Authors: Mohakud Nirmal Kumar , Jena Chinmay
Published: January 2025

Herpetic gingivostomatitis, the primary oral manifestation of herpes simplex virus infection, presents in children as painful oral ulcers, erythematous gingiva, and systemic symptoms such as fever. This case report highlights a 6-year-old girl with herpetic gingivostomatitis following a recent dengue infection, emphasizing immune modulation due to sequential viral infections. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical presentation and supportive investigations. The child responded well to oral acyclovir, paracetamol, and topical anesthetics, achieving symptom resolution within five days. This case underscores the importance of considering post-viral herpetic manifestations in children and highlights prompt management strategies to ensure rapid recovery.
A case of widespread annular secondary syphilis: An unusual instance
Authors: Choubey Shini , Sethy Mitanjali , Mishra Jeebanjyoti , Raj Chinmoy , Panda Sibaram
Published: January 2025

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, is a globally significant health concern. While the disease is well known for its diverse clinical manifestations, its presentation can be particularly challenging, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with comorbidities. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in a hepatitis B-positive patient, characterized by widespread annular lesions.
Pigmented fungus as a cause of chronic otitis externa: A rare case report
Authors: Macwan Pankti , Mohanty Madhusmita , Singh Ajit Kumar , Giri Ranjana
Published: January 2025

A sporadic infection by a pigmented fungus called chromoblastomycosis is seen in tropical and subtropical climates. It can affect lower extremities most commonly followed by upper extremities. Here, we report an unusual case of chromoblastomycosis causing otitis media in a young female. The ear is an uncommon site of involvement. She presented to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department with a complaint of left earache for 1 week. On ear examination, the external auditory canal was occluded by debris. Debridement was done from the lesion and was sent for histopathological examination which revealed granulation tissue and fungal spores. Special stains were used to identify the fungus and the patient was treated with antifungals. We report this case to conclude that chromoblastomycosis though rare should be considered as one of the etiologies for otitis externa.
Stemless shoulder arthroplasty in the young: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sondur Suhas , Sarkar Sayantan , Mishra Debashish
Published: January 2025

Shoulder arthroplasty has undergone significant evolution, with the development of stemless shoulder prostheses representing a paradigm shift. This case description is of a 43-year-old young male with osteoarthritis of the right shoulder who underwent stemless shoulder arthroplasty. The patient presented with persistent right shoulder pain and restricted range of motion. Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings confirmed shoulder osteoarthritis. The patient underwent a standard deltopectoral approach for stemless total shoulder arthroplasty. The subscapularis tendon was anatomically repaired. Postoperatively, the patient underwent a structured rehabilitation program, achieving a near-normal range of motion and significant pain improvement at the 6-month follow-up. Radiographic evaluation showed a well-positioned implant with no signs of loosening. The use of stemless implants in shoulder arthroplasty offers several potential advantages, including bone preservation and reduced surgical complications. However, appropriate patient selection and meticulous surgical technique are crucial, as long-term outcomes data are still limited. This case demonstrates the feasibility and short-term success of stemless shoulder arthroplasty in a relatively young patient with osteoarthritis. Ongoing research is focused on optimizing implant design and expanding indications for this innovative approach. A long-term follow-up studies will be essential to fully assess the durability and potential limitations of stemless shoulder arthroplasty.
Localized pityriasis rosea: A case series with review of the literature
Authors: Reddy Vinisha Vintha , Behera Debasmita , Raj Chinmoy , Begum Farheen
Published: January 2025

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting adolescents, with a slight female predominance. It typically presents with a herald patch followed by smaller lesions in a characteristic “Christmas tree” distribution. Uncommon presentations localized to atypical sites are rarely reported. This case series highlights the potential for PR to present in atypical localized patterns. Dermatologists should consider PR in the differential diagnosis of localized erythematous plaques and rely mostly on histopathological confirmation for accurate diagnosis.
Publication pressure versus scientific integrity
Authors: Acharya Geeta Chand
Published: January 2025

The scientific community is aware of the issue of publication pressure. While scientific authors frequently discuss the topic, it is not equally addressed at all levels within the scientific hierarchy.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Virgin Coconut Oil Effleurage in Alleviating Pain in Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study in an Urban Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Angelina Kirubakaran Amutha , Vaithilingan Sasi , Ragunathan Latha , Kannan Vetriselvi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

The study investigates the impact of effleurage massage using coconut oil on pain in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research aims to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of this intervention in alleviating pain associated with hemodialysis.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was used, with 150 individuals with mild to moderate leg discomfort aged 30–70 chosen. The Wong–Baker pain scale was used for pretest. After a month, a posttest was conducted.

Results:

Results showed that 70% of the patients had moderate levels of leg pain, while 30% had mild pain. After the intervention, 36% had no pain, 42% had mild pain, and 22% had moderate pain.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that effleurage massage with coconut oil is effective in reducing leg pain among CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Assessing Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Organ Donation among Medical Students in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ragupathy Sreekumar , Sadasivam Kanimozhi , Thirumalai Raju Prasath , Kanagaraj Thamarai Selvi , Ayyavoo Saravanan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

This research assesses the level of knowledge and attitudes of medical students in South India on organ donation and transplantation, focusing on cultural and psychological barriers that hinder these practices, especially in developing regions.

Methods:

The cross-sectional research was carried out at SRM Medical College and Hospital and Research Centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, involving 207 undergraduate medical students. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, evaluating knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation. The Knowledge Subscale contained 13 questions, while the Attitude Subscale had 13 items rated on a five-point Likert scale.

Results:

The study found that 57.59% of participants were female and aged 18–21, with 97.58% aware of organ donation and the “Transplantation of Human Organs Act.” However, only 7.73% knew where to obtain donation cards. Attitudes toward organ donation were mixed, with discomfort and religious beliefs being significant barriers. Concerns about body disfigurement and premature medical treatment persisted.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes the need for educational interventions to improve medical students’ understanding and attitudes toward organ donation in South India, considering demographic, personal, and cultural factors, and suggests a multifaceted approach for community engagement.
The Efficacy of Benson Relaxation for Managing Psychological Distress in Primipostpartum Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lakshmi Munusamy , Naganandini Raju
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Benson Relaxation Technique, a mind-body approach, has been proposed as an effective intervention for prime-postnatal mothers to alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression.

Objective:

The study aims to comprehensively analyze and synthesize the existing literature on the influence of the Benson Relaxation Technique on psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression among primi-postnatal mothers.

Methods:

A literature search spanning 2013-2024 analyzed studies on Benson Relaxation Technique’s impact on psychological parameters in primi-postnatal mothers, assessing changes in these parameters through validated scales.

Results:

The Benson Relaxation Technique significantly reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in primi-postnatal mothers, with some studies showing moderate to large effects.

Conclusion:

The Benson Relaxation Technique, a potentially effective intervention for reducing stress and anxiety in postnatal mothers, warrants further research for its long-term effects and mechanisms.
Role of Genetic Mutations in Periodontitis Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases and Allied Ailments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yatham Pragathi , Jaideep Mahendra , Ramadevi V. , Pogula Asha L. , Periasamy Panneerselvam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, has been increasingly associated with systemic health issues, particularly cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the role of genetic mutations in periodontitis patients with cardiovascular diseases and allied ailments.

Methodology:

Conducted a comprehensive search across databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies on the association between genetic mutations, periodontal disease severity, and cardiovascular outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily comprising observational studies with varying levels of risk of bias.

Results:

Our analysis revealed that specific genetic mutations, such as those in TLR 2, TLR 4, NF-kB, and IL-4 genes, significantly increase the risk of periodontitis and exacerbate cardiovascular conditions like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. These findings underscore the importance of integrating genetic screening into the management of periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. The results also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and medical professionals to develop personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, genetic mutations play a pivotal role in the susceptibility and severity of periodontitis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these genetic factors could lead to improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, addressing the dual burden of periodontal disease and cardiovascular ailments. Future research should focus on large-scale, longitudinal studies to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for these interconnected health issues.
A Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy: Vibration Perception Threshold vs. Diabetic Neuropathy Examination for Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Subramani Arulmozhi , Periasamy Panneerselvam , Gunasekaran Sasikala
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a global health crisis, with its prevalence escalating dramatically. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) stands out as one of the most frequent complications, leading to significant morbidity, including foot ulcers and amputations, if not identified and managed promptly. Effective screening methods are essential for early detection, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of severe complications.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE) score in comparison to the vibration perception threshold (VPT) test. Both methods will be assessed individually and in combination to determine their effectiveness in diagnosing DPN among patients with diabetes. The study also seeks to establish a correlation between these screening tests.

Materials and Methods:

A case-control study was conducted involving 100 subjects, comprising 50 patients diagnosed with DPN and 50 healthy controls. The participants were aged between 30 and 70 years, and various parameters such as fasting blood sugar, anthropometric measurements, DNE scores, and VPT readings were recorded. Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants.

Results:

The findings indicated that the DNE score demonstrated a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 73.33%, while VPT exhibited a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 86.67%. When both tests were combined, the sensitivity increased to 90%, highlighting the potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy through a multimodal approach.

Conclusion:

The DNE score, when utilized alongside VPT, provides a robust framework for the early detection of DPN, particularly in community settings where resources may be limited. This study underscores the importance of integrating simple, effective screening techniques into routine clinical practice to mitigate the risks associated with diabetic complications.
Radiographic Assessment of the Marginal Bone Loss Around the Implant Before and After the Prosthesis Placement—A Comparative Study
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Rathod Aradhana , Mailankote Shilpa , Bipinchandra Liya Neha , Raj BS Harsha , Ahirwar Anupama
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The present investigation performed the CBCT to measure the marginal bone loss surrounding the implant both before and after the prosthesis was placed.

Materials and Methods:

Within the age range of 21 to 45 years, a total of 20 patients were involved, and all participants gave their informed consent. Immediate implant was inserted and ceramic prosthesis was prepared and given to the patients. Radiographic assessment was carried out using the CBCT at baseline, three months, and six months following the prosthesis. The circumference of the crestal bone level around the implant was measured in all directions (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal), using the implant’s first thread as a standard reference point.

Results:

The change of the mean marginal bone level at the time of implant placement to three months after the prosthesis was at mesial 1.32 ± 0.02 to 1.46 ± 0.10, at distal 1.46 ± 0.08 to 1.94 ± 0.14, at buccal 1.28 ± 0.01 to 1.40 ± 0.06, at palatal 1.20 ± 0.03 to 1.22 ± 0.04. The change of the mean marginal bone level at the time of implant placement to six months after the prosthesis was at mesial 1.32 ± 0.02 to 1.84 ± 0.12, at distal 1.46 ± 0.08 to 2.38 ± 0.02, at buccal 1.28 ± 0.01 to 1.78 ± 0.04, at palatal 1.20 ± 0.03 to 1.34 ± 0.01.

Conclusion:

The current investigation came to the conclusion that the CBCT provides all the diagnostic information required for an implant to be placed successfully.
Effect of MMP Inhibitors on Shear Bond Strength of Adhesive to Dentin after Different Drying Techniques: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Narayanan Sheethal K. , Hari Krishnan , Mathew Joy , Sukumaran Anila , Joy Basil , Mathew Joel
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Instead of excessive drying or wetness, maintaining an optimal moisture level on the dentin surface may enhance the polymerization process of certain monomers. The study was intended to contrast and evaluate the effect of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors (Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Doxycycline (DOX)) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesive dentin interface after different drying techniques (blotting with tissue paper (TP) and damp cotton pellet (CP)).

Materials and Methods:

Ninety molars collected were split into three groups according to the materials used during the acid etching step: Group A (control): 37% phosphoric acid only; Group B: 37% phosphoric acid followed by 2% CHX; Group C: 37% phosphoric acid followed by 2% DOX. Each group was categorized into 2 subgroups based on the drying methods used after etching (TP and damp CP). A universal bonding agent was applied after this and composite restoration was placed onto the dentin and cured. The samples underwent thermocycling for 500 thermocycles for degradation of the adhesive surface. The SBS of the specimens was appraised with a universal testing machine until fracture.

Results:

The CHX group blotted with TP (20.98 ± 0.29 MPa) had the highest SBS among the study sample. This was eventually followed by the CHX group blotted with the CP (18.99 ± 0.28 MPa), DOX blotted with TP (19.73 ± 0.51 MPa), and DOX blotted with the CP (17.09 ± 0.55 MPa). The least SBS was observed in the control group blotted with TP (16.9 ± 0.22 MPa) and then by CP (13.78 ± 0.55 MPa).

Conclusion:

The study showed that CHX had a superior effect on the SBS when compared to DOX. Among the drying agents used TP yielded better results than drying with a damp CP. The overall SBS was high in the CHX group dried with TP and the least strength was shown by the control group where treatment with an MMP inhibitor was done.
Evaluating Anti-ESKAPE Potential of Valeriana Officinalis L. Extract against Healthcare-Associated Infections in Tertiary Hospitals of Al-Kharj Governorate: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Khan Mohammed S. , Bari MD Nadeem
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by ESKAPE pathogens are a significant concern in tertiary hospitals worldwide, including those in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to explore the bioactive compounds from Valeriana officinalis and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens.

Materials and Methods:

Methanolic extracts of the Valeriana officinalis stem were prepared and subjected to phytochemical analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and antimicrobial testing using the well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) were also evaluated.

Results:

The extract contained several major phytochemicals with significant activity against ESKAPE pathogens. The MIC values were 50 mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 100 mg/mL for Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, and 25 mg/mL for Escherichia coli. The MBC values were 25 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and 100 mg/mL for the other ESKAPE pathogens.

Conclusion:

The methanolic extract of Valeriana officinalis L. demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, with relatively low MIC and MBC values against ESKAPE pathogens responsible for HAIs.
Allergic Conditions and Their Impact on Pediatric Sleep: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aljaid Maryam Saud
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

This narrative review explores the relationship between allergic diseases and sleep disorders in children, highlighting the significant impact allergies have on pediatric sleep quality. Allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are prevalent in children and are known to contribute to sleep disturbances. These disorders can lead to issues such as sleep fragmentation, obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness, which negatively affect cognitive function, behavior, and overall well-being. Studies from Saudi Arabia and other regions indicate a clear association between allergies and impaired sleep, with factors such as nasal congestion, wheezing, and itching playing key roles in disrupting sleep patterns. Treatment options, including pharmacological therapies, immunotherapy, and allergen avoidance strategies, aim to alleviate symptoms and improve sleep outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind this relationship and to develop more effective management strategies for children suffering from both allergic diseases and sleep disorders.
Bubbles in the Heart: A Case Series of Three Varying Presentations of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Jayakumar Anjali , Prasad Sibin K , Mathew Ashna Sara , Mathew Sunil , Thankachan Melbin P
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is described as an arterial oxygenation deficit caused by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations in the presence of chronic liver disease. This case series highlighted three HPS cases that were brought to the emergency unit of the institution. This helps clinicians evaluate and treat hepatopulmonary syndrome and emphasizes the involvement of interprofessional teamwork. There was also hypoxemia at the time of the hospitalization, and the bubble echocardiography revealed abnormalities consistent with intrapulmonary shunting, confirming HPS. HPS is an alarming consequence of cirrhosis which leads to dyspnea in individuals. Dyspneic patients with liver illness should have a simple workup for diagnosing it.
Granular Cell Ameloblastoma: A Rare Threat Requiring Vigilance and Lifelong Follow-Up
Authors: Babu N Aravindha , Sridharan Radhika , Rajesh Elumalai , Malathi L.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

This case report describes a 45-year-old male who presented with mobility and dull pain in the lower right back tooth region for two months. Initially diagnosed with localized periodontitis at a private clinic, the patient sought a second opinion. Clinical examination revealed slight obliteration of the buccal vestibule and mobility in teeth 45 and 46. Radiographic findings showed a unilocular radiolucency in the periapical region of the premolar and first molar. This case highlights the importance of including granular cell ameloblastoma in the differential diagnosis of mandibular lesions and stresses the need for thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure proper treatment.
Colchicine in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis – A Systematic Review and GRADE Assessment
Authors: Chellapandian Naveenaa , Sekizhar Vandana , Ammayappan Pavithranand , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Nagy Ahmed Ismail Abdelrahman , Kengadaran Shivashankar , Heboyan Artak , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic oral potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. The habit of areca nut chewing is established to be the causative factor. Various treatment modalities are available for managing OSMF. Colchicine obtained from plants of the Colchicum genus can downregulate collagen synthesis and upregulate collagenolytic activity, thereby establishing its antifibrotic property. Hence, the objective of the current study is to assess the efficacy of colchicine in the treatment of OSMF.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Ovid, and Google Scholar, and the clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of oral colchicine for the treatment of OSMF were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE were utilized for assessing the quality.

Results:

Three clinical trials (one randomized and two non-randomized trials) comprising 110 OSMF patients followed the eligibility criteria. The follow-up time for the patients was between 3 and 6 months. Mouth opening and burning sensation were the primary outcomes of interest. The risk of bias was found to be high in the studies included. GRADE quality assessment showed moderate quality for one study and two studies to be of low-quality evidence.

Conclusion:

This review suggests that oral colchicine is efficacious in the management of OSMF and more distinctly in improving mouth opening. Considering the significant side effects from conventional treatment for OSMF, colchicine can be an effective modality in improving burning sensation and mouth opening in patients with OSMF.
Comparative Efficacy of Conventional Versus Diode Laser Assisted Root Canal Treatment in Reduction of Postoperative Pain and Healing of Periapical Lesion: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Dubey Priyanka , Savita Anjali , Khan Ruba , Saxena Rupal , Dubey Kriti , Verma Purva
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Laser assisted root canal treatment has emerged as a promising adjunct to conventional randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Material and method:

To evaluate the same, we observed 90 patients (98 roots) with chronic periapical lesions; they were randomized into two groups (n = 45): diode laser and control. The level of pain was measured before and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment using a visual analog scale. Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained before and 6 months after treatment to assess the healing of periapical lesions based on their apicocoronal, mesiodistal, and buccolingual diameters.

Result and conclusion:

It was observed that root canal disinfection by diode laser significantly decreased the postendodontic pain and resulted in a higher success rate in lesion resolution.
Latex Fruit Syndrome and Periodontitis - A Missing Link
Authors: Menon Nivedha , Hema D , Aathilingaperumal Saranya , Balaji Anitha , Suhasini Jennifer
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Latex allergy affects up to 6% of the general population and healthcare workers more frequently. 30-50% of individuals with natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy show hypersensitivity to plant-derived foods, particularly freshly consumed fruits. This association is called latex-fruit syndrome. A systematic review of 15 articles found a clear relationship between Chitinase and Periodontitis and Chitinase and Latex Fruit Syndrome. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the relationship between Latex Fruit Syndrome and Periodontitis, and further evidence-based research is needed.
Identification of Filifactor Alocis in Periodontal Biofilms using Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Poorana Kaliaperumal , Lavanya Nallasivam , Rekha Munuswamy Jeeva , Maheaswari Rajendran
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Contribution of organisms causing periodontal disease remains unclear. Strong association has emerged between the presence of gram-positive Filifactor alocis (F.alocis) and periodontitis. Hence, we aimed to identify the presence of F.alocis in periodontal biofilms through PCR technique in health and disease.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 participants divided into three equal groups based on their periodontal conditions, namely, healthy, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).

Methods and Materials:

Subgingival plaque samples were obtained, and real-time PCR was used to identify the presence of F.alocis. The clinical parameters, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were determined.

Statistical Analysis:

The statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS (Statistical package for social science). All the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test.

Results:

The difference between mean plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was statistically significant between healthy and periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) sites. F.alocis was identified in all samples. The mean cycle threshold (CT) values of healthy, GCP, and GAP were 38.01, 30.85, and 28.92, respectively, and the results are statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The load of organism was significantly higher in the GAP group followed by the GCP group and lowest in the healthy group. Bacterial load was highest in teeth with deep pockets. Hence, F.alocis seems to be a powerful diagnostic marker organism for periodontal disease, and it should be considered an important periodontal pathogen.
Various Methods for Measuring Gingival Thickness – A Comparative Analysis of Three Different Methodologies
Authors: Pati Ankita , Manohar Balaji , Kaur Awneet , Sagar Snigdha , Sharma Shruti , Bhuvaneshwari S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Measuring gingival thickness (GT) is crucial in periodontal and implant dentistry as it impacts clinical decisions and outcomes.

Materials and methods:

Several methods are employed to assess GT, including conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), transgingival probing, and ultrasonography. Each technique has distinct advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and practical application.

Results:

This study has established that transgingival probing is the gold standard technique for measuring GT.