bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
عقد الزواج وما يتعلق به من الوسائل المستحدثة
Authors: Musyaffa' Fadlolan
Published: September 2017

A mujtahid has an important role in answering legal issues that arise in the community. His position is to replace the role of the prophet in exposing and explaining the law of God in the nash. This article attempts to discuss the terms of the Mujtahids according to the scholars of Islamic law and the possibility of reaching these conditions in the present. The majority of contemporary scholars allow the ceremony of marriage with modern means of direct communication, as well as through modern means such as computers and the internet that can mutually make marriage contract. Now, there is modern tool through a visual phone that can display images of all components that make contract who can listen to each other and see between the two people who perform the contract and witnessed both witnesses, then the contract is valid, because it has qualified and get along in the marriage contract.
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Seorang mujtahid memiliki peranan penting dalam menjawab permasalahan hukum yang muncul dimasyarakat. Karena pentingnya peran mujtahid tersebut, diperlukan syarat-syarat dalam berijtihad agar ijtihadnya benar dan sesuai kehendak Allah. Tulisan ini mencoba membahas syarat-syarat mujtahid menurut para ulama hukum Islam serta kemungkinan meraih syarat-syarat tersebut pada masa sekarang ini. Mengingat akad nikah memiliki spesifikasi yang khusus dan unik disbanding dengan akad-akad lain, maka terjadi khilaf antara ulama tentang kemungkinan akad melalui sarana komunikasi yang terbarkan. Mayoritas ulama kontemporer memperbolehkan akad nikah dengan sarana komunikasi modern langsung, maupun melalui sarana modern seperti komputer dan internet yang bisa saling melakukan akad nikah.Apalagi sekarang telah ditemuakan alat modern melalui telepon visual yang bisa menampilkan gambar semua komponen yang melakukan akad yang bisa saling mendengarkan suara dan melihat antar kedua orang yang melakukan akad serta disaksikan kedua orang saksi, maka akad tersebut adalah sah, karena telah memenuhi syarat dan rukun dalam akad nikah.

 
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL, SOLUSI ALTERNATIF MENGATASI KEJENUHAN RUTINITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Nihayah Ulin
Published: September 2017

Saturated feeling often experienced by man as an individual. Attitude saturation on this individual, addressed with a mixed response. Not a few people who stuck with the feeling of saturation that result in actions that might be considered negative because it harms him, one of them housewives. Feeling tired or bored of the routines performed by housewives if not addressed will result in stress that will have an impact on the problem of domestic life. As one alternative that is done to overcome this stress is to do with interpersonal com­munication with a partner. Interpersonal communication is intended to help in order to solve problems related to boredom experienced by a housewife.
MERANGSANG PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU
Authors: Hidayati Ani
Published: September 2017

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan memiliki pengertian yang sama yakni keduanya mengalami perubahan, tetapi secara khusus istilah per­tumbuhan berbeda dengan perkembangan. Pertumbuhan (growth) adalah perubahan-perubahan biologis, anatomis dan fisiologis manusia, sedangkan perkembangan(development)adalah perubahan-perubahan psikis dan motorik manusia. Pembelajaran tematik terpadu merupakan pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan beberapa materi pembelajaran yang dipadukan dalam satu tema dimana tema tersebut sebagai wadah yang me­ngandung konsep sehingga pembelajaran tersebut menjadi bersifat holistik, bermakna, dan otentik. Pembelajaran tematik terpadu berfungsi untuk memberikan kemudahan bagi peserta didik dalam memahami dan mendalami konsep materi yang tergabung dalam tema serta dapat menambah semangat belajar, karena materi yang dipelajari me­rupakan materi yang nyata (kontekstual) dan ber­makna bagi anak. Pada anak usia sekolah perkembangannya berada pada tahap operasi konkret, mulai menunjukkan perilaku yang mulai memandang dunia secara objektif, reflektif dan memandang unsur-unsur secara serentak, mulai berpikir secara operasionaluntuk mengklasifikasikan benda-benda, membentuk dan mempergunakan keterhubungan aturan-aturan, prinsip ilmiah sederhana, dan mempergunakan hubung­­­an sebab akibat. Oleh karena itu pembelajaran yang tepat adalah dengan mengaitkan konsep materi dalam satu kesatuan yang berpusat pada tema. Kegiatan pembelajaran akan bermakna jika dilakukan dalam lingkungan yang nyaman, memberikan rasa aman, bersifat kontekstual, anak mengalami langsung sesuatu yang di­pelajarinya, hal ini akan diperoleh melalui pembelajaran tematik terpadu.Pembelajaran ini relevan dengan tingkat perkembangan anak sehingga dapat merangsang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak.
MENDUDUKKAN PERSOALAN ANTARA PERTAHANAN AJARAN AGAMA DENGAN HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK
Authors: Rosyid Moh.
Published: September 2017

Hak asasi manusia adalah hak yang dimiliki setiap jiwa sejak dalam kandungan hingga mati. Naskah ini mendalami HAM bagi anak warga Samin di Kudus yang harus dilindungi khususnya aspek pendidikan formal. Dipilihnya komunitas Samin karena sebagian masih mempertahankan ajaran leluhurnya yang tidak me­ngenyam sekolah formal, wujud penolakan kebijakan Kolonial Belanda, meskipun kini sebagian sekolah formal dan mayoritas taat peraturan pemerintah lainnya. Fokus naskah ini pada hak anak Samin bila tidak sekolah formal dalam perspektif perundangan. Metode riset untuk mendapatkan data dengan wawancara dan observasi langsung dengan objek penelitian. Analisisnya deskriptif kualitatif. Kajian ditemukan: 1) harus di­sedia­kan guru agama Adam dalam proses pembelajaran pen­didikan formal bagi warga Samin. Di sisi lain, negara ber­anggap­an bahwa agama Adam bagi warga Samin dikategorikan aliran ke­percayaan, 2) Kovenan Internasional Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik terutama hak non-derogable (hak absolut) khususnya hak atas kebebasan beragama harus dipenuhi negara terhadap warga Samin. Hal ini sebagai modal untuk memahami ajaran agama warga Samin dalam wadah pendidikan formal, 3) Ke­mendikbud RI harus segera menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Sekolah Rumahan karena amanat UU Sisdiknas, 4) Bagi warga Samin yang anaknya tidak sekolah formal, pemerintah harus melakukan pendekatan persuasif agar menjadi warga yang taat peraturan di bidang pendidikan, sebagaimana amanat PP 48 Tahun 2008 tentang Wajib Belajar Pasal 15 (1), (2), dan (3).
TRAFFICKING: SISI BURAM MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Yuli Kusmanto Thohir
Published: September 2017

Migrasi internasional akan selalu berlangsung sampai kapanpun. Modernisasi dengan kemajuan teknologi transportasi dan infor­masi berpengaruh sangat signifikan bagi meningkatnya volume migran. Banyak faktor yang mendorong orang untuk bermigrasi, diantaranya; politik, agama, pendidikan, psikologis dan ekonomi. Faktor ekonomi merupakan yang paling dominan. Kesejahteraan hidup merupakan tujuan utama mayoritas orang bermigrasi. Segala cara seringkali dilakukan para migran agar bisa mencapai daerah tujuan dan men­dapatkan pekerjaan. Cara legal dan atau ilegal seringkali harus ditempuh. Mereka yang menggunakan cara legal akan me­rasa lebih aman dan nyaman di negara tujuannya. Namun de­mikian, mereka harus me­nempuh prosedur yang rumit dan biaya yang mahal. Kondisi ini membuat banyak orang yang menempuh cara-cara ilegal. Akibatnya banyak yang terjebak dalam mafia internasional yang meraup ke­untung­an dari se­mangat bermigrasi orang-orang yang tidak mau dan mampu me­nempuh cara legal. Mafia pekerja internasional sering­kali meng­arahkan migran masuk dalam pasar hitam dunia kerja. Mereka diperdagangkan (trafficking) untuk menjadi budak, be­kerja secara sembunyi-sembunyi, pekerja seks komersial, dan pekerja anak-anak dengan resiko tinggi. Mafia kerja tersebut me­manfaat­kan kelemahan-kelemahan para migran, diantaranya: minimnya pendidikan, minim­nya ke­te­rampil­­­an, kelemahan fisik (karena perempuan dan anak), mereka yang terjebak utang dan lain-lain. Realitas ini menjadi setali tiga uang karena mayoritas pekerja migran adalah perempuan. Indonesia termasuk negara yang jumlah pekerja migrannya cukup banyak di dunia, dan pekerja migran per­empuan selalu paling banyak setiap tahunnya.
Estudio de Paulownia spp. como cultivo forestal de rotación corta para fines energéticos en condiciones mediterráneas
Authors: Fernández-Puratich Harald , Oliver-Villanueva José Vicente , Lerma-Arce Victoria , García María Dolores , Raigón María Dolores
Published: September 2017

Las plantaciones de rotación corta desempeñan un papel importante como fuente biomásica energética sostenible que puede aumentar la seguridad del suministro, la generación de ingresos en comunidades rurales locales y disminuir la dependencia energética de combustibles fósiles. En este sentido, las plantaciones de rotación corta han sido ampliamente reconocidas, lo que hace necesario aumentar las alternativas de fuentes biomásicas disponibles para su uso energético. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la biomasa leñosa y el potencial energético de la especie arbórea paulonia (Paulownia spp.) de un año de edad en condiciones mediterráneas. Se seleccionaron parcelas de prueba en la Comunidad Valenciana (España oriental) para desarrollar un modelo predictivo de cuantificación de biomasa y su potencial energético, en dos tipos de parcelas según densidad y existencia de riego (P1 y P2), siendo el promedio efectivo de biomasa por hectárea (el fuste es hueco en su sección medular en un 19,2%) en P1 y P2 de 27,3 t ha-1 a 47,6 t ha-1, respectivamente. En cuanto al potencial energético, los ensayos de laboratorio muestran que paulonia posee un poder calorífico de 17,8 MJ kg-1, su energía potencial en P1 es de 207 MJ árbol-1y 247 GJ ha-1 y mayor en P2 con 349 MJ árbol-1 y 274 GJ ha-1. Teniendo en cuenta el rápido crecimiento de esta especie y su alto potencial energético, debería considerarse como una materia prima válida para su uso en energía térmica a corto plazo en zonas mediterráneas.
Estudio cinético de bacterias metanogénicas a diferentes temperaturas.
Authors: Pedraza Angela Cajiao , Chona Jarson Alexis Rodriguez , Maldonado Julio Isaac Maldonado , Carrillo Jorge Luis Ortiz
Published: September 2017

En este estudio se empleó, un consorcio microbiano previamente aislado de la fase metanogénica de un filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente separado en dos fases DI-FAFS. El proyecto tuvo por objeto analizar y describir el comportamiento cinético de Methanobacterium spp y Methanococcus spp respectivamente, empleando condiciones anaerobias y la variable de temperatura como principal punto de partida en el proceso. Para llevar a cabo el procedimiento respectivo se realizó un pre-inoculo de los microorganismos en estudio 18hrs antes , luego se tomó el volumen correspondiente y se llevó el inoculo al medio respectivo utilizado para el crecimiento, bajos condiciones estrictas de anaerobiosis; se evaluó a diferentes periodos de incubación bajo agitación 155 rpm, seguidamente se procedió a  la medida de absorbancias tomando la lectura de D.O a 620 nm, al mismo tiempo sembrando en agar para conteo respectivo y obtener UFC/ML. Finalmente se realizó una curva de crecimiento para cada microorganismos a las tres diferentes temperaturas (20°C, 27°C y 34°C), encontrando que tanto los resultados prácticos como teóricos sustentan que dicho consorcio microbiano en la fase metanogénica requiere una temperatura óptima de crecimiento, hallando así que el mejor comportamiento del crecimiento de Methanobacterium spp y Methanococcus spp se encuentra en las temperaturas de 27°C y 34°C.
The Construction of Socio-Cultural Stigmatization of Mental Disorders: A Study on the Forms and Factors of Stigma
Authors: Dharwiyanto Putro Bambang
Published: September 2017

The construction of socio-cultural stigmatization on the understanding of mental disorders is particularly interesting to study in the people with mental disorders who received treatment at the Mental Hospital. Mental disorder is a disease caused by the chaos of thoughts, perceptions and behavior in which the individualaare not able to adjust to themselves, other people, society and the environment. By applying the cultural studies viewpoint that is siding with the oppressed, the study aims to determine the forms and factors causing the stigma of people with mental disorders. The research method used is observation, in-depth interviews and life history data collection. The collected data were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive and interpretative. The results showed that the forms of stigma with mental disorders are divided into two, namely the public stigma (stigma derived from the community) and self-stigma (stigma comes from the patient and his own family). The forms of the public stigma include rejection, exclusion, and violence. The self-stigma takes the forms, among others, prejudice, guilt, fear and anger. Factors behind the stigma of mental disorders are external and internal factors. External factors include, among others, the madness is a disgrace, the myth of mental illness, and people's belief regarding the role of dukun. While the internal factors are family knowledge of the etiology of mental disorders, lack of family support and feelings of shame.
Direitos e Obrigações dos Cooperadores nas Cooperativas Agrícolas
Authors: Meira Deolinda Maria Moreira Aparício
Published: September 2017

1. Considerações preliminares e delimitação do objecto da intervenção 2. Os direitos do cooperador 2.1. Os direitos políticos 2.2. Os direitos económicos 2.2.1. Os direitos económicos decorrentes das entradas para o capitai social 2.2.2. Os direitos económicos decorrentes da participação na actividade cooperativizada 3. As obrigações do cooperador 4. Referência especial à obrigação de participação na actividade cooperativizada Bibliografia
Breves Notas sobre o Regime Jurídico do Direito a Férias no Novo Código do Trabalho
Authors: Gonçalves Luísa Andias
Published: September 2017

Consagra o artigo 59.º, n.°2, alínea d), da Constituição da República Portuguesa, o direito de todos os trabalhadores a férias periódicas pagas. Este é, portanto, um direito reconhecido pela nossa ordem jurídica ao mais alto nível — o da Lei Fundamental. Preocupações da mesma ordem demonstraram diversos organismos internacionais, em diplomas por si emanados. Com efeito, o direito ao repouso e ao lazer e, em especial, a férias periódicas pagas encontram previsão, entre outros, na Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem (artigo 24.º), no Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais [artigo 7.°, alínea d)], na Convenção n.° 132 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (doravante OIT) e na Directiva 2003/88/CE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho (artigo 7.°). O Código do Trabalho desenvolve, naturalmente, o regime do direito a férias reconhecido naqueles normativos, caracterizando-o como um direito irrenunciável cuja finalidade é "proporcionar ao trabalhador a recuperação física e psíquica, condições de disponibilidade pessoal, integração na vida familiar e participação social e cultural".
A Reserva Legal nas Cooperativas
Authors: Meira Deolinda Aparício
Published: September 2017

Este artigo visa contribuir para o conhecimento do regime jurídico da reserva legal das cooperativas no direito português. Aborda-se, em particular, as finalidades, fontes, montante mínimo, dever de reintegração e o carácter irrepartível da reserva legal. Enquanto crítica ao regime legal vigente, destaca-se o facto de o legislador cooperativo português não ter estabelecido, como regra, a continua dotação da reserva legal, independentemente da sua quantia, bem como a ausência quer da consagração de uma imputação de perdas à reserva legal em função da origem daquelas quer do estabelecimento de uma hierarquia entre as reservas, no sentido de que para efeitos de cobertura de prejuízos ela só será movimentada depois de esgotadas as outras reservas.
A Actual Regulação do Crédito ao Consumo
Authors: Ramirez Paulo Nuno Horta Correia
Published: September 2017

"Consumidores somos todos nós" como impressivamente se expressou John F. Kennedy em 15 de Março de 1962. E diríamos que "consumidores de crédito" somos muitos. É neste contexto que assume especial relevância a recente aprovação, no nosso ordenamento jurídico, de nova normativa reguladora do crédito ao consumo. Por outro lado, será de realçar o comando constitucional que prevê a, protecção dos consumidores. De facto, prescreve o artigo 60º da Constituição da República Portuguesa que "os consumidores têm direito à qualidade dos bens e serviços consumidos, à formação e à informação, à protecção da saúde, da segurança e dos seus interesses económicos, bem como à reparação dos danos". Importa, pois, conhecer em rigor as normas que actualmente regem o acesso e a regulação dos contratos de crédito ao consumo, num contexto de harmonização comunitária deste instituto jurídico-económico. Será oportuno, sobretudo, compreender de que firma o diploma que actualmente rege a matéria em questão protege de modo mais vincado a parte considerada economicamente mais débil.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGY PRACTICUM LEARNING BASED ON VEE DIAGRAM FOR REDUCING STUDENT COGNITIVE LOAD
Authors: Hindriana Anna Fitri
Published: September 2017

Practicum is a process to gain meaningful knowledge through hands on and minds on activity, thusplan is needed in practicum  to connect the conceptual side and methodological side. Vee diagram-based Biology practicum learning was arranged to lower cognitive load of student in designing experiment so the practicum activity become meaningful because the students can see the interesting side in both conceptual side and methodological side. The design that being used in this study was educational study and development. Based on the result of this study, it can be informed that there is lowering of student cognitive load, both in extraneous load and germane load, in designing experiment based on vee diagram
Understanding, Evaluating, and Monitoring Internal Control Systems: A Case and Spreadsheet Based Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Davis Jefferson T. , Ramamoorti Sridhar , Krull George W.
Published: September 2017

This paper describes a case approach for teaching internal control evaluation (ICE) using an Excel spreadsheet patterned after software from Grant Thornton LLP (Grant) named INFOCUS. Although INFOCUS is not used or supported anymore by Grant, it was used for many years in training and development for ICE theory and application at the firm. Grant allows use of their software and approach for classroom use. From a conceptual pedagogy perspective, this approach is still applicable to current practice standards and guidelines for ICE and provides a systematic application to help students take the role of an auditor to document the accounting system, document the controls, select key controls, and make the preliminary control risk assessment. The case and spreadsheet application can also be applied to the COSO 2013 Framework focusing mostly on Risk Assessment, Control Activities, and Monitoring Activities to internal control systems. The spreadsheet application can accommodate cases that provide differing company sizes and levels of automated control environments for internal audit and management perspectives. This case and spreadsheet application provides students an opportunity to deeply understand and analyze the accounting processes, the internal controls, and the interrelationships between the processes and controls. Exposure to such a case and spreadsheet application helps prepare students to successfully complete internal control evaluations in the “real world.”
A Look Back at the First Seven Years of the AIS Educator Journal
Authors: Fordham David R.
Published: September 2017

At the 2003 meeting of the AIS Educator Association, an idea for an on-line resource for AIS educators was first introduced. The idea evolved into the AIS Educator Journal, the first completely on-line academic journal in the accounting education field. Since the first issue went live on-line in 2006, sufficient manuscripts has been blind-reviewed and accepted to provide an annual volume each year. A total of 31 articles by 60 authors and co-authors have been published. This article provides a brief history of the journal and a summary analysis of the first seven volumes.
Effect of Sipjeondaebo-Tang on the Pharmacokinetics of S-1, an Anticancer Agent, in Rats Evaluated by Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Kim Tae , Shin Soyoung , Shin Jeong , Bulitta Jürgen , Weon Kwon-Yeon , Yoo Sun , Park Gi-Young , Jeong Seok , Kwon Dong , Min Byung , Woo Mi , Shin Beom
Published: September 2017

S-1 (TS-1®) is an oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent containing tegafur, oteracil, and gimeracil. Sipjeondaebo-tang (SDT) is a traditional oriental herbal medicine that has potential to alleviate chemotherapy-related adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SDT on the pharmacokinetics of S-1. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a single dose or repeated doses of SDT for seven consecutive days (1200 mg/kg/day). After the completion of pretreatment with SDT, S-1 was orally administered and plasma concentrations of tegafur, its active metabolite 5-FU, and gimeracil were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate the effect of SDT on pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU. Although a single dose of SDT did not have any significant effect, the absorption rate of tegafur decreased, and the plasma levels of 5-FU reduced significantly in rats pretreated with SDT for seven days in parallel to the decreased gimeracil concentrations. Population pharmacokinetic modeling also showed the enhanced elimination of 5-FU in the SDT-pretreated group. Repeated doses of SDT may inhibit the absorption of gimeracil, an inhibitor of 5-FU metabolism, resulting in enhanced elimination of 5-FU and decrease its plasma level.
First characterization of gastrointestinal culturable bacteria of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides (Nototheniidae)
Authors: Urtubia Rocio , Gallardo Pablo , Cárdenas César A. , Lavin Paris , González Aravena Marcelo
Published: September 2017

The Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides is one of the most important fisheries from the Southern Ocean. The biology of this species is relatively well studied and some nutritionals issues have also been reported; however there is no information about the composition of the bacterial community of the gastrointestinal tract, which is essential to characterize the microbiota of this fish. The bacterial flora of D. eleginoides is here described for the first time using culturable methods. By applying traditional culture-based techniques and 16S rDNA sequencing methods it was possible to characterize the families Vibronaceae and Moraxellaceae, which were mainly represented by Vibrio and Psychrobacter, respectively. This Patagonian fish shows a microbiota very similar to other cold waters fishes.
Verliezers van de meritocratie
Authors: de Beer Paul
Published: September 2017

Verliezers van de meritocratie.Boekbespreking: Judith Elshout (2016) Roep om respect. Ervaringen van werklozen in een meritocratiserende samenleving.
INELASTIC RESPONSES OF SWOLLEN NITRILE RUBBER UNDER CYCLIC LOADING
Authors: Loo Mei Sze , Le Cam Jean Benoît , Andriyana Andri , Robin Eric
Published: September 2017

Palm biodiesel is deemed a promising future fuel substitute for conventional diesel fuel. In line with this perspective, necessary changes in the existing diesel engine system are expected in order to address the issue of material compatibility. One typical degradation observed in rubber components exposed to aggressive solvent such as palm biodiesel during the service is swelling. Thus, the investigation of the effect of swelling on the mechanical response under cyclic loading is prerequisite for durability analysis of such components. In this study, filled and unfilled swollen nitrile rubbers are immersed in conventional diesel and palm biodiesel baths until a 5% swelling level is achieved. Both dry and swollen rubbers are subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading tests. The analysis of the mechanical responses has shown that swelling decreases inelastic effects such as hysteresis, stress softening, and permanent set. For both dry and swollen rubbers, fillers are found to have significant effects in the inelastic responses, whereas the effects of solvent and loading rate are comparable.
Writing Skills of Hearing-Impaired Students Who Benefit from Support Services at Public Schools in Turkey
Authors: Karasu H Pelin
Published: September 2017

Support services provide an essential role for hearing-impaired students attending public schools, in terms ofimproving their language and academic skills. In this study, the writing skills of hearing-impaired students enrolled inpublic schools were evaluated, and the relationship between the writing scores, audiological variables and educationalvariables were examined. Seventeen students, who were enrolled in in the primary and middle school classes of publicschools and benefited from the support services, participated in this study. The results of the study indicated that themean writing score of the students was 68.35 out of 100. It was determined that there is a relationship between the ageof first hearing aid and the duration of preschool education. According to the results of the study, it can be stated thathearing-impaired students enrolled in public schools benefit from the support services designed according to theirindividual needs, along with early exposition to implant and early inclusion in education.
Effects of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms on ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Kunecki Marcin , Płazak Wojciech , Podolec Piotr , Gołba Krzysztof S.
Published: September 2017

Ischemic heart disease have been remarked as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Early restoration of cardiac perfusion is necessary to restore perfusion of ischemic heart muscle. Effective revascularization reduce mortality by limiting myocardial necrosis at the acute phase of the cardiac infarction. However, reperfusion may induce a cascade of pathophysiological reactions causing the increase of the infarct area of the myocardium This phenomenon known as ischemia-reperfusion injury is responsible for up to 50% of the final infarct size. Sequences of brief episodes of nonlethal ischemia and reperfusion applied before (preconditioning — IPC) or after (postconditioning — POC) the coronary occlusion are well documented to reduce the ischemiareperfusion injury. These phenomena improve cardiac function by mobilizing the molecular and cellular mechanisms limiting reperfusion injury. The mechanisms underlying IPC or POC are still not clarified, but strong experimental evidence suggests that opioids may be the part of the endogenous cardioprotective response to I/R injury. Stimulation of opioid receptors activates related to POC mechanisms affecting protection to the ischemic myocardium, while the use of non-selective opioid receptor antagonist - naloxone reduces this effect. There is no consensus that the subtype of opioid receptor is responsible for the protection of the human heart muscle.Morphine may reduce cardiac preload by peripheral vasodilatation. Numerous studies show a direct cardioprotective effect of the opioid pathway in ischemic conditions. Opioids act via membrane receptors: μ, δ, κ. The predominant subtype in the human cardiac cells are μ- and δ – opioid receptors. It has been hypothetized that opioid receptor activation exerts cardioprotection in human heart muscle pathway what may give insight into the explanation of the protective mechanisms in the acute myocardial infarction.
A Combined Analytic, Numeric, and Experimental Investigation Performed on NiTi/NiTiCu Bi‐Layer Composites under Tensile Loading
Authors: Taghizadeh Milad , Nili‐Ahmadabadi Mahmoud , Baghani Mostafa , Malekoshoaraei Mohammad Hassan
Published: September 2017

Adjusting mechanical behavior and controlling deformation parameters are significant tasks in designing shape memory components. In this paper, an analytical model describes the deformation behavior of NiTi/NiTiCu bi‐layer composites under tensile loading. Different deformation stages are considered based on single mechanical behavior at each stage. Closed‐form equations are derived for stress–strain variations of bi‐layer composites under uniaxial loading–unloading. Bi‐layer composites made via the diffusion bonding method from single layers of NiTi alloy with a composition of Ti‐50.7 at.% Ni, as an austenitic layer, and Ti‐45 at% Ni‐5 at% Cu, as a martensitic layer, are produced by the vacuum arc remelting technique. The tensile behavior of single‐ and bi‐layers is investigated by using loading–unloading experiments to find the nominal stress–strain curves. Numerical simulations are also done by employing Lagoudas constitutive model to simulate stress–strain diagrams. The solutions of the analytical method presented are validated by using the numerical simulations as well as the experimental results. With regard to the results obtained from the analytical modeling, the numerical simulations, and the experiments, it is evident that the bi‐layer composites with different thickness ratios provide adjustable mechanical behavior that can be considered in different application designs, for example, actuators equipped with shape memory components.
The clinical features of alcohol use disorders in biological and step‐fathers that predict risk for alcohol use disorders in offspring
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Edwards Alexis , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: August 2017

Given that Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is clinically heterogeneous, can we, in a large epidemiological sample using public registries, identify clinical features of AUD cases in biological and step‐fathers that index, respectively, genetic and familial‐environmental risk for AUD in their offspring? From all father‐offspring pairs where the father had AUD and the offspring was born 1960–1990, we identified not‐lived‐with (NLW) biological fathers (n = 38,376) and step‐father pairs (n = 9,711). The relationship between clinical and historical features of the father's AUD and risk for AUD in offspring was assessed by linear hazard regression. Age at first registration for AUD and recurrence of AUD registration were significantly stronger predictors of risk for AUD in the offspring of NLW fathers than in step‐fathers. By contrast, number of AUD registrations in NLW fathers and step‐fathers were equally predictive of risk for AUD in offspring. However, while the number of step‐father AUD registrations that occurred when he was living them with significantly predicted risk for AUD in his step‐children, the number of registrations that occurred when not residing with his step‐children was unassociated with their AUD risk. In an epidemiological sample, we could meaningfully differentiate between features of AUD in fathers that indexed genetic risk which was transmitted to biological offspring (early age at onset and recurrence) versus indexed environmental risk (registrations while rearing) which increased risk in step‐children.
Substantive or Symbolic Environmental Strategies? Effects of External and Internal Normative Stakeholder Pressures
Authors: Hyatt David G , Berente Nicholas
Published: August 2017

Different forms of stakeholder pressures drive different environmental strategies in organizations. This article differentiates between internal and external normative stakeholder pressures to test their potentially unique effects on environmental strategies. The findings suggest that internal, normative stakeholder pressures primarily drive substantive commitments to environmental practices, reflecting an internalized, voluntary commitment to the natural environment and dedication to environmental leadership by the firm. External, normative pressures instead primarily drive symbolic commitments to environmental practices, aimed at managing the image of the organization to establish and reinforce an appearance of commitment to the natural environment. This novel perspective accounts for the institutionally plural contexts of organizations and their environments, in which internal pressures directly drive substantive environmental commitments and external pressures drive symbolic responses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Copper Guanidinoquinoline Complexes as Entatic State Models of Electron‐Transfer Proteins
Authors: Stanek Julia , Sackers Nina , Fink Fabian , Paul Melanie , Peters Laurens , Grunzke Richard , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: August 2017

The electron‐transfer abilities of the copper guanidinoquinoline (GUAqu) complexes [Cu(TMGqu)2]+/2+ and [Cu(DMEGqu)2]+/2+ (TMGqu=tetramethylguanidinoquinoline, DMEGqu=dimethylethylguanidinoquinoline) were examined in different solvents. The determination of the electron self‐exchange rate based on the Marcus theory reveals the highest electron‐transfer rate of copper complexes with pure N‐donor ligands (k11=1.2×104 s−1 m−1 in propionitrile). This is supported by an examination of the reorganisation energy of the complexes by using Eyring theory and DFT calculations. The low reorganisation energies in nitrile solvents correspond with the high electron‐transfer rates of the complexes. Therefore, the [Cu(GUAqu)2]+/2+ complexes act as good entatic states model of copper enzymes. The structural influence of the complexes on the kinetic parameters shows that the TMGqu system possesses a higher electron‐transfer rate than DMEGqu. Supporting DFT calculations give a closer insight into the kinetics and thermodynamics (Nelsen's four‐point method and isodesmic reactions) of the electron transfer.
X‐Ray Diffraction and Dielectric Investigations of Ferroelectric PbZr0.958Ti0.042O3, Antiferroelectric PbZrO3 and PbHfO3 Single Crystals in Superstrong Electric Fields up to 30 MV/m
Authors: Leontyev I.N. , Fesenko O.E. , Maslova O.A. , Posokhova S.V. , Leontyev N.G.
Published: August 2017

Ferroelectric rhombohedral phase (R3m) in PbZr0.958Ti0.042O3 and antiferroelectric orthorhombic phase (Pbam) in PbZrO3 and PbHfO3 are examined via X‐ray diffraction and dielectric methods in DC electric fields of 0 ≤ Е ≤ 3.0⋅107 V/m. Induced polarization Pi(E) and piezoelectric coefficient d33(Е) are found as functions of field from the experimental dependences of unit‐cell parameters and dielectric permittivity on the electric field E and exhibit similar behavior for BaTiO3 and PbZr0.958Ti0.042O3 single crystals. The unit‐cell parameters of antiferroelectric phases in PbZrO3 and PbHfO3 single crystals remain constant, while the electric fields correspond to induced phase transitions, and the dielectric permittivity slightly increases with the electric field.
Sutureless nerve repair with ECM bioscaffolds and laser‐activated chitosan adhesive
Authors: Turner Neill J. , Johnson Scott A. , Foster Leslie J. R. , Badylak Stephen F.
Published: August 2017

The outcome of peripheral nerve repair following transection is influenced by a number of factors but almost all approaches require anastomosis of the nerve using technically demanding microsurgical procedures. However, the use of sutures presents a number of unavoidable challenges including additional nerve trauma, stimulation of an inflammatory response, and endoneural fibrosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a sutureless approach to nerve repair. A rat sciatic nerve transection model was used with a laser‐activated, chitosan‐based adhesive (SurgiLux), combined with different forms of extracellular matrix (ECM), known to promote Schwann cell proliferation and nerve growth both in peripheral nerve applications. Following a 5 mm transection of the sciatic nerve, nerve guide wraps were prepared using: (1) laser‐activated adhesive (SurgiLux) alone, (2) SurgiLux incorporating ECM (SurgiLux ECM), (3) ECM secured using SurgiLux, and (4) ECM secured using 8‐0 Prolene sutures. A no treatment groups was used as a negative control. Evaluation of tissue remodeling was conducted with histolomorphometric assessment of neuroma, integrity of repair, nerve immunolabeling, ratio of myelinated to non‐myelinated fibers, and amount of connective tissue. Quantitative and semi‐quantitative analysis of the repaired nerve transections at 6 and 12 weeks showed that that SurgiLux incorporating powdered ECM (SurgiLux ECM), SurgiLux alone and ECM alone all improved the healing response compared to no‐treatment controls, with less fibrotic tissue and more nerve staining. Histologic scoring showed that the SurgiLux ECM group showed the greatest increase in histologic score between the two time points tested. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1698–1711, 2018.
Echovirus plays major roles in the natural recombination of Coxsackievirus B3
Authors: Shen Hongxing , Liu Tingjun , Luo Yucheng , Shao Shihe , Deng Xintao , Wang Hua
Published: August 2017

Coxsakievirus B3 (CVB3) is a member of enterovirus B (EVB) group, which can cause serious heart diseases such as viral myocarditis. In order to analyze the evolution of CVB3, we performed a recombination analysis of all viral genomes of enterovirus B, and found that there were 19 putative recombination events that produced CVB3. A total of 11 serotypes were found to be involved in the generation of CVB3 progeny virus. These recombination events involved echovirus, EcoV (which includes EcoV6, EcoV9, EcoV14, EcoV15, EcoV17, EcoV21, EcoV24, and EcoV25), CVB4, CVB5, and EVB81, as major or minor parents. The most active, EcoV, which was involved in the 14 of 19 recombination events, acts as one of the parental viruses for CVB3 strains among molecular evolution and recombination events in circulating CVB3. Our study indicates that, EcoV plays major roles in CVB3 recombination, and is involved in the production of 11 new CVB3 recombinant strains.
Influenza in patients with hematological malignancies: Experience at two comprehensive cancer centers
Authors: Vilar‐Compte Diana , Shah Dimpy P. , Vanichanan Jakapat , Cornejo‐Juarez Patricia , Garcia‐Horton Alejandro , Volkow Patricia , Chemaly Roy F.
Published: August 2017

The burden of influenza infections in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) is not well defined. We describe the clinical presentation and associated outcomes of influenza at two comprehensive cancer centers (center 1 in the United States and center 2 in Mexico). Clinical and laboratory data on patients with HMs and influenza infection diagnosed from April 2009 to May 2014 at the two centers were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 190 patients were included, the majority were male (63%) with a median age of 49 years (range, 1‐88 years), and had active or refractory HMs (76%). Compared to center 1, patients in center 2 were significantly sicker (active cancer, decreased albumin levels, elevated creatinine levels, or hypoxia at influenza diagnosis) and experienced higher lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) rate (42% vs 7%; P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval), leukemia, (3.09, 1.23‐7.70), decreased albumin level (3.78, 1.55‐9.20), hypoxia at diagnosis (14.98, 3.30‐67.90), respiratory co‐infection (5.87, 1.65‐20.86), and corticosteroid use (2.71, 1.03‐7.15) were significantly associated with LRI; and elevated creatinine level (3.33, 1.05‐10.56), hypoxia at diagnosis (5.87, 1.12‐30.77), and respiratory co‐infection (6.30, 1.55‐25.67) were significantly associated with 60 day mortality in both centers. HM patients with influenza are at high risk for serious complications such as LRI and death, especially if they are immunosuppressed. Patients with respiratory symptoms should seek prompt medical care during influenza season.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectra on graphene
Authors: Weis Johan Ek , Vejpravova Jana , Verhagen Tim , Melnikova Zuzana , Costa Sara , Kalbac Martin
Published: August 2017

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for inspection of trace concentrations of various molecules; hence, this method has a great potential for characterization of functionalised graphene. However, to make this method a reliable analytical tool, the influence of the metal–graphene interactions on Raman spectra of the graphene must be understood. Here, the surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of exfoliated single‐layer graphene covered with gold or silver thin layers were studied. The metal–graphene interactions resulted in the broadening of the G mode and the 2D mode of graphene. A change of the 2D mode dispersion was also observed. The effects were found to be weaker for the silver layer; however, the Raman signal enhancement of the graphene features was found to be significantly stronger in case of the silver layer. Various scenarios of the observed effects are discussed: graphene–plasmon interaction, charge transfer between the metal and graphene, and selective enhancement at the lattice and topographic defects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hydrocolloids on the physico‐chemical and rheological properties of reconstituted sweetened yoghurt powder
Authors: Seth Dibyakanta , Mishra Hari Niwas , Deka Sankar Chandra
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

The consistency of sweetened yoghurt (misti dahi) is a desired characteristic which is attributed to the casein protein network formation during fermentation. Unfortunately, this property is lost in reconstituted sweetened yoghurt (RSY) due to the irreversible nature of protein denaturation during spray drying. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the consistency of RSY using different hydrocolloids.

RESULTS

The effects addition of guar gum, pectin, κ‐carrageenan and gelatin (0.1%w/v each) on the physico‐chemical, microbial, rheological and sensory properties of RSY were investigated. RSY with 40% total solids demonstrated the rheological properties which are very similar to those of fresh sweetened yoghurt. RSY containing different hydrocolloids further increased the rheological properties. The dynamic rheological study revealed that the magnitude of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ) were significantly influenced by the addition of hydrocolloids and gelatin exhibited highest dynamic moduli in RSY. However, κ‐carrageenan added RSY was preferred sensorially as the rheological properties were very close to gelatin added RSY. Addition of hydrocolloids significantly increased the starter bacteria count and pH and reduced water expulsion rate (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Addition of hydrocolloids can improve the rheological properties of reconstituted yoghurt. The study concluded that the addition of κ‐carrageenan showed better results in terms of rheological and sensory properties of RSY. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A population‐based analysis of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Alonso Jose E. , Kuan Edward C. , Arshi Armin , St. John Maie A.
Published: August 2017

Objectives

To describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the oral cavity between the years of 1973 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study using a national database.

Methods

The SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with VC of the oral cavity between 1973 and 2012. Patient data was then analyzed with respect to histopathology, age, sex, race, stage, grade, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiation therapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated.

Results

A total of 1,481 cases of VC of the oral cavity were identified. The cohort was composed of 50.5% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.5 years. The oral tongue was the most common primary site (28.9%), followed by the alveolar ridge (21.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.0%). The vast majority of cases (79.1%) presented with stage I and stage II disease. Nodal disease was present in only 1.6% of cases. The median OS was 94.6 months. Eighty‐seven percent of cases underwent surgery, and 11.5% received both surgery and radiation therapy. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 83%, 64%, and 42%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (P < 0.001) and stage (P < 0.001) were associated with worse OS, whereas surgery improved OS (P = 0.047).

Conclusion

We provide the first population‐based analysis of prognostic factors affecting survival outcomes in patients with oral cavity VC. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Age, stage, nodal status, and surgical therapy are independent predictors of OS.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:393–397, 2018
Dietary antioxidants and risk of Parkinson's disease in two population‐based cohorts
Authors: Yang Fei , Wolk Alicja , Håkansson Niclas , Pedersen Nancy L. , Wirdefeldt Karin
Published: September 2017

Background: A neuroprotective effect of dietary antioxidants on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk has been suggested, but epidemiological evidence is limited.

Objectives: To examine the associations between intake of dietary antioxidant vitamins and total antioxidant capacity and risk of PD.

Methods: We prospectively assessed the relationships of dietary antioxidant vitamins C and E, ß‐carotene, and total antioxidant capacity with PD risk in two population‐based cohorts (38,937 women and 45,837 men).

Results: During a mean 14.9‐year follow‐up period, 1,329 PD cases were identified. Dietary intake of ß‐carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD (hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.78‐0.95; Ptrend < 0.01 for women and hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.84‐0.99; Ptrend = 0.05 for men). An inverse association between dietary vitamin E and PD risk was found in women (hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.79‐0.96; Ptrend = 0.02). Dietary intake of vitamin C was inversely associated with PD risk in women at borderline significance (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.83‐1.00; Ptrend = 0.04). There was no association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and PD risk in either women (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.84‐1.02; Ptrend = 0.35) or men (hazard ratio: 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.93‐1.07; Ptrend = 0.97).

Conclusion: Intake of dietary vitamin E and ß‐carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.