bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Water Photo Identification, Site Fidelity, and Seasonal Presence of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in Burrows Pass, Fidalgo Island, Washington
Authors: Edison Ciera J. , Elliser Cindy R. , White Katrina H.
Published: June 2024

Little is known about the in-water behavior and site fidelity of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii), as most photo-identification (photo-ID) studies are typically conducted while they are hauled-out on land. We investigated in-water site fidelity rates and seasonal presence in Burrows Pass, Washington, using photographs collected during a long-term photo-ID and behavioral study from January 2015 through November 2019. There was a minimum of 161 individuals and a maximum of 286 individual harbor seals using Burrows Pass. Harbor seals were present in all seasons, with the lowest sighting rates during summer. Individuals were more likely to be sighted/re-sighted in fall and spring. There was large variations in the level and seasonality of site fidelity among individuals. The majority of seals (69.62%) were seen only once, but 22.69% showed low to moderate site fidelity (2–5 sightings) and 7.69% showed strong site fidelity (≥6 sightings) over seasons and across years. These seasonal variations were likely due to foraging, life history, and individual behavioral variabilities. Studies like this provide necessary information about harbor seal in-water site fidelity and behavior, which are less well known but vitally important in harbor seal management and conservation.
Oxytocin Receptors on Calvarial Periosteal Innervation: Therapeutic Target for Post-Traumatic Headache?
Authors: Bharadwaj Vimala N. , Klukinov Michael , Cowan Robert Paul , Mahinparvar Nazanin , Clark David John , Yeomans David Clifford
Published: June 2024

Objective: Following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the most prevalent and profoundly debilitating occurrence is the emergence of an acute and persistent post-traumatic headache (PTH), for which there are presently no approved treatments. A crucial gap in knowledge exists regarding the consequences of an mTBI, which could serve as a foundation for the development of therapeutic approaches. The activation of trigeminal sensory nerve terminals that innervate the calvarial periosteum (CP)—a densely innervated tissue layer covering the calvarial skull—has been implicated in both migraines and PTHs. We have previously shown that trigeminal oxytocin receptors (OTRs) may provide a therapeutic target for PTHs. This study examined the expression of oxytocin receptors on trigeminal nerves innervating the periosteum and whether these receptors might serve as a therapeutic target for PTHs using a direct application of oxytocin to the periosteum in a rodent model of PTH. Methods: We used retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to determine if trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the periosteum expressed OTRs and/or CGRPs. To model the impact of local inflammation that occurs following an mTBI, we applied chemical inflammatory mediators directly to the CP and assessed for changes in immediate-early gene expression as an indication of neuronal activation. We also determined whether mTBI would lead to expression changes to OTR levels. To determine whether these OTRs could be a viable therapeutic target, we assessed the impact of oxytocin injections into the CP in a mouse model of PTH-induced periorbital allodynia. Results: The results of these experiments demonstrate the following: (1) the cell bodies of CP afferents reside in the TG and express both OTRs and CGRPs; (2) inflammatory chemical stimulation of the periosteum leads to rapid activation of TG neurons (phospho-ERK (p-ERK) expression), (3) mTBI-induced inflammation increased OTR expression compared to the sham group; and (4) administration of oxytocin into the periosteum on day 2 and day 40 blocked cutaneous allodynia for up to one hour post-administration for both acute and persistence phases in the PTH model—an effect that was preventable by the administration of an OTR antagonist. Conclusion: Taken together, our observations suggest that periosteal trigeminal afferents contribute to post-TBI craniofacial pain, and that periosteum tissue can be used as a potential local target for therapeutics such as oxytocin.
The Low-Waste Grafting Copolymerization Modification of Chitosan Is a Promising Approach to Obtaining Materials for Food Applications
Authors: Lavlinskaya Maria S. , Sorokin Andrey V. , Mikhaylova Anastasia A. , Kuznetsov Egor I. , Baidamshina Diana R. , Saranov Igor A. , Grechkina Margaryta V. , Holyavka Marina G. , Zuev Yuriy F. , Kayumov Ayrat R. , Artyukhov Valeriy G.
Published: June 2024

Chitosan takes second place of the most abundant polysaccharides naturally produced by living organisms. Due to its abundance and unique properties, such as its polycationic nature, ability to form strong elastic porous films, and antibacterial potential, it is widely used in the food industry and biomedicine. However, its low solubility in both water and organic solvents makes its application difficult. We have developed an environmentally friendly method for producing water-soluble graft copolymers of chitosan and poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) with high grafting efficiency and a low yield of by-products. By using AFM, SEM, TGA, DSC, and XRD, it has been demonstrated that the products obtained have changed properties compared to the initial chitosan. They possess a smoother surface and lower thermal stability but are sufficient for practical use. The resulting copolymers have a higher viscosity than the original chitosan, making them a promising thickener and stabilizer for food gels. Moreover, the copolymers exhibit an antibacterial effect, suggesting their potential use as a component in smart food packaging.
Atraumatic Lateral Tibial Plateau Periprosthetic Insufficiency Fracture after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed M. , Khalifa Ahmed A.
Published: June 2024

Tibial Periprosthetic fractures (PPF) after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are uncommon and mainly occur after trauma. Various management options have been proposed; however, the decision mainly relies on the location of the fracture and the tibial baseplate stability and ranges between conservative (non-operative), fracture fixation, and revision TKA. We report a case of a 79-year-old female patient who presented with atraumatic lateral tibial plateau PPF (Felix type ⅠB) with a loose tibial implant after three weeks of having left primary TKA. The patient was treated successfully by revising the tibial component using a stemmed tibial baseplate and reconstructing the tibial bone defect using two metal wedges. The radiological, functional, and PROM outcomes were satisfactory and accepted both early on (eight weeks) and at the last follow-up (six months). Atraumatic insufficiency Felix type ⅠB PPF of the lateral tibial plateau after primary TKA is uncommon. Reconstructing the tibial bone defect, revising the tibial component, and adding a stem to offload the tibial plateau are the treatments of choice that lead to acceptable outcomes.
Advancing the Limits of InSAR to Detect Crustal Displacement from Low-Magnitude Earthquakes through Deep Learning
Authors: Reinisch Elena C. , Abolt Charles J. , Swanson Erika M. , Rouet-Leduc Bertrand , Snyder Emily E. , Sivaraj Kavya , Solander Kurt C.
Published: June 2024

Detecting surface deformation associated with low-magnitude (Mw≤5) seismicity using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is challenging due to the subtlety of the signal and the often challenging imaging environments. However, low-magnitude earthquakes are potential precursors to larger seismic events, and thus characterizing the crustal displacement associated with them is crucial for regional seismic hazard assessment. We combine InSAR time-series techniques with a Deep Learning (DL) autoencoder denoiser to detect the magnitude and extent of crustal deformation from the Mw=3.4 Gallina, New Mexico earthquake that occurred on 30 July 2020. Although InSAR alone cannot detect event-related deformation from such a low-magnitude seismic event, application of the DL method reveals maximum displacements as small as (±2.5 mm) in the vicinity of both the fault and earthquake epicenter without prior knowledge of the fault system. This finding improves small-scale displacement discernment with InSAR by an order of magnitude relative to previous studies. We additionally estimate best-fitting fault parameters associated with the observed deformation. The application of the DL technique unlocks the potential for low-magnitude earthquake studies, providing new insights into local fault geometries and potential risks from higher-magnitude earthquakes. This technique also permits low-magnitude event monitoring in areas where seismic networks are sparse, allowing for the possibility of global fault deformation monitoring.
Benefit–Risk Assessment in Sport and Recreation: Historical Development and Review of AS ISO 4980:2023
Authors: Eager David
Published: June 2024

Risk management involves thinking about what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of this event. The vast majority of standards relating to risk management were written in the context of Occupational Health and Safety, as well as Work Health and Safety with the aim of eliminating all risks. In 2023 Standards, Australia published AS ISO 4980:2023: `Benefit-risk assessment for sport and recreational facilities, activities and equipment’. This standard provides a tool for applying risk management in the context of sport and recreation. AS ISO 4980:2023 is a departure from the traditional view of risk management standards in that it presents a view of risk that is not limited to viewing risk only as negative, but rather balances positive benefits with negative risks within the sport and recreation industry. This standard is also different in that it is based specifically on risk to sport and recreational users and not to employees and employers. The benefit that risk provides in the context of sports and recreational activities is placed on an equal footing with the traditional method of assessing risk. There is an expectation in sports and recreational activities that the user is making an implicit trade-off between the benefits and the inherent risks of the activity, including the potential for harm. This implied expectation is that exposure to risk can be positive. Positive risk and learning from making mistakes are not restricted to childhood development where graduated challenges are used but extend throughout our entire life. The goal of this paper is to draw public attention to the new and different perspective of risk on which AS ISO 4980:2023 is based and to provide an understanding of the concept of benefit–risk assessment. The implications of viewing non-workplace risk in a balanced way are discussed.
Employee Readiness for GHRM and Its Individual Antecedents: Instrumental and Change-Based Approach
Authors: Matejun Marek , Matusiak Bożena Ewa , Różańska-Bińczyk Izabela
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to identify and assess the formation of employees’ readiness to implement the green human resources management (GHRM) concept according to two research approaches: an instrumental and change-based approach, as well as to demonstrate the influence of selected individual antecedents on the formation of this readiness in business practice. The aim of the study was achieved through empirical research conducted using a survey method on a sample of 214 employees and managers from Poland. The results obtained indicate a high level of readiness of the respondents to implement the GHRM concept in their companies, regardless of the measurement method used. Moreover, it was shown that personal environmental norms, following the new environmental paradigm as well as organizational citizenship behaviors towards the environment (OCBE), significantly and positively shape the level of readiness for GHRM in the surveyed group. In contrast, there was no significant effect of individual readiness for change on employees’ readiness levels. This study makes an original and novel contribution to the literature by proposing different approaches to measuring employees’ GHRM readiness. The conclusions formulated address the implementation factors of the GHRM, enabling a more effective implementation of this concept into business practice.
Investigation of Analyzable Solutions for Left-Turn-Centered Congestion Problems in Urban Grid Networks
Authors: Ardalan Taraneh , Sarazhinsky Denis , Dobrota Nemanja , Stevanovic Aleksandar
Published: June 2024

Traffic congestion caused by left-turning vehicles in a coordinated corridor is a multifaceted problem requiring tailored solutions. This study explores the impact of shared left-turn lanes within one-way couplets, particularly during peak hours, where high left-turn volumes, limited side street storage, and the overlapped green time between pedestrians and left-turners contribute to queue spillbacks, coordination interruption, and network congestion. The focus of this paper is on the solutions that can be easily analyzed by practitioners, here called “analyzable solutions”. This approach stands in contrast to solutions derived from “non-transparent” optimization tools, which do not allow for a clear assessment of the solution’s adequacy or the ability to predict its impact in real-world applications. This paper investigates the effects of employing two analyzable signal timing strategies: Lagging Pedestrian (LagPed) phasing and Left-Turn Progression (LTP) offsets. Using high-fidelity microsimulation, the authors evaluated different scenarios, assessing pedestrian delays, queue lengths, travel time index, area average travel time index, and environmental impacts such as Fuel Consumption (FC) and CO2 emissions. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies was comprehensively evaluated against the base case scenario, demonstrating considerable improvements in various performance measures, including approximately a 5% reduction in FC and CO2 emissions. Implementation of the LTP strategy alone yields substantial reductions in delays, the number of stops, the queue length for left-turning vehicles, travel times for all road users, and ultimately FC and CO2 emissions. This study offers innovative approach to addressing the complex and multifaceted problem of left-turn-centered congestion in urban grid networks using efficient and down-to-earth analyzable solutions.
Resilience Assessment and Enhancement Strategies for Urban Transportation Infrastructure to Cope with Extreme Rainfalls
Authors: Lang Qiuling , Wan Ziyang , Zhang Jiquan , Zhang Yichen , Zhu Dan , Liu Gexu
Published: June 2024

As climate change intensifies, urban transportation infrastructure faces unprecedented challenges from extreme weather events, such as floods. This study investigates the resilience and vulnerability of such infrastructure under extreme rainfall conditions in Changchun City. Utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis (MCDM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, we comprehensively assess the physical, functional, and service vulnerabilities of the transportation network. Our analysis reveals that only 3.57% of the area is classified as highly resilient, demonstrating effective flood management capabilities. In contrast, a significant 61.73% of the area exhibits very low resilience, highlighting substantial vulnerabilities that could impact urban operations. Based on our findings, we propose specific strategies to enhance resilience, including optimizing drainage systems, upgrading infrastructure standards, implementing green infrastructure initiatives, and integrating disaster risk factors into urban planning. These strategies and insights provide valuable references for global cities facing similar climatic challenges.
Building a Restorative Agricultural Economy: Insights from a Case Study in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Farley Joshua , Schmitt-Filho Abdon
Published: June 2024

Agriculture is the most important economic sector and simultaneously the greatest threat to the ecosystem functions on which all complex life depends. It is therefore a logical starting point for developing a restorative economy. We must develop and disseminate agroecosystems capable of providing food security for all, while simultaneously restoring vital ecosystem processes degraded by conventional agriculture. We review 25 years of transdisciplinary work towards this goal on an agroecology project in Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Catarina, Brazil and distill some key lessons for like-minded efforts. We apply the methods of Participatory Action Research and Post Normal Science to integrate the knowledge, insights and goals of farmers, diverse scientists, agricultural extensionists, and policymakers to design high-biodiversity silvopastoral systems and multi-function riparian forests capable of improving farmer livelihoods, and propose policies to support their adoption by aligning the interests of farmers and society. We explain the science underlying our project and document resulting improvements in farmer livelihoods and ecosystem services. We then examine the socioeconomic obstacles to disseminating our innovations and policies that might overcome them and describe our pragmatic approaches to working with policymakers. We conclude that integrating natural sciences, socio-economic analysis and politics are all necessary yet insufficient to promote the large-scale adoption of restorative agriculture. We contend that building a restorative economy will also require a fundamental extension of humanity’s moral values to the rest of nature, and use evolutionary science to support our views. Rather than offering a recipe for successful projects, our take-home message is that developing a restorative agricultural economy in an ever-evolving system is a continuous participatory process with no endpoint.
Permeable Reactive Barrier Remediation Technique Using Carbonized Food Waste in Ground Contaminated with Combined Cu and Pb
Authors: Kim Dong-Nam , Kim Ji-Yoon , Lee Jong-Young , Han Jung-Geun , Kim Dong-Chan
Published: June 2024

In recent years, with the escalation of food waste generation, stringent legal constraints on landfill usage and incineration have necessitated the exploration of alternative disposal methods, augmenting interest in diverse recycling strategies. Notably, carbonized food waste (CFW), a byproduct of food waste carbonization, has emerged as an efficacious adsorbent for pollutant removal. This study focuses on the application of in situ remediation techniques, specifically electrokinetic (EK) remediation combined with enhancers, to decontaminate soil afflicted with single or multiple heavy metals. The utilization of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) infused with CFW aims to mitigate secondary environmental repercussions, including the propagation of contaminants in soil and groundwater. Experiments were conducted on clay samples contaminated with copper, lead, or a combination thereof. Observations revealed that the current density peaked during the initial 1–2 days of the experiment, experienced a resurgence post-electrode exchange, and subsequently diminished. The efficacy of metal removal was predominantly pronounced for copper, with remediation rates ranging from 85% to 92% in singly contaminated samples and 75% to 89% in dually contaminated samples after a 10-day treatment period, incorporating an electrode exchange on the eighth day. Conversely, the efficacy of lead removal was markedly lower, with rates of 0.6% to 33% in singly contaminated samples and 14% to 25% in combined contamination scenarios, suggesting the necessity for extended treatment durations. The post-experimental moisture content indicated successful enhancer injection. Additionally, pH measurements affirmed that heavy metals migrated effectively within the sample matrix, facilitated by the EK phenomenon after the electrode exchange. This study highlights the potential of CFW within PRBs for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, although the removal efficiencies between different metals is variable, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in the treatment of lead-contaminated environments.
Bogdanov–Takens Bifurcation of Kermack–McKendrick Model with Nonlinear Contact Rates Caused by Multiple Exposures
Authors: Li Jun , Ma Mingju
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider the influence of a nonlinear contact rate caused by multiple contacts in classical SIR model. In this paper, we unversal unfolding a nilpotent cusp singularity in such systems through normal form theory, we reveal that the system undergoes a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation with codimension 2. During the bifurcation process, numerous lower codimension bifurcations may emerge simultaneously, such as saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations with codimension 1. Finally, employing the Matcont and Phase Plane software, we construct bifurcation diagrams and topological phase portraits. Additionally, we emphasize the role of symmetry in our analysis. By considering the inherent symmetries in the system, we provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamical behavior. Our findings suggest that if this occurrence rate is applied to the SIR model, it would yield different dynamical phenomena compared to those obtained by reducing a 3-dimensional dynamical model to a planar system by neglecting the disease mortality rate, which results in a stable nilpotent cusp singularity with codimension 2. We found that in SIR models with the same occurrence rate, both stable and unstable Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations occur, meaning both stable and unstable limit cycles appear in this system.
The Correlation Luminosity-Velocity Dispersion of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: D’Onofrio Mauro , Marziani Paola , Chiosi Cesare , Negrete Castalia Alenka
Published: June 2024

In this work we discuss the correlation between luminosity L and velocity dispersion σ observed in different astrophysical contexts, in particular that of early-type galaxies (ETGs; Faber–Jackson (FJ) law) and that of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our data for the ETGs confirm the bending of the FJ at high masses and the existence of similar curvatures in the projections of the Fundamental Plane (FP) approximately at the mass scale of ∼1010M⊙. We provide an explanation for such curvatures and for the presence of the Zone of Exclusion (ZoE) in these diagrams. The new prospected theory for the FJ law introduces a new framework to understand galaxy evolution in line with the hierarchical structure of the Universe. The classic analysis carried out for a class of type 1 AGN accreting gas at very high rates, confirms that a FJ law of the form L=L0σ4 is roughly consistent with the observations, with a slope quite similar to that of ETGs. We discuss the physics behind the FJ law for the AGN in different contexts and also examine the biases affecting both the luminosity and the velocity dispersion, paying particular attention to the effects induced by the spherical symmetry of the emitting sources on the accuracy of the luminosity estimates.
Introducing a Scale for Measuring Attachment to Urban Green
Authors: Haluza Daniela , Meyer Ina , Strüver Anke , Exner Andreas
Published: June 2024

Urban green contributes to enhanced well-being and overall quality of life in urban populations. The concept of place attachment provides an established avenue for exploring the intricate connections between urban environments and personal experiences. Building on the notion of place attachment, we investigated the perceptions of horizontal and vertical urban green by introducing a novel Urban Green Attachment (UGA) scale. A cross-sectional study using an online survey in German, measuring emotional, cognitive, and behavioral relations to urban vegetation, was conducted among 164 adult inhabitants of the Volkert quarter in Vienna, Austria. Using principal component analysis, we found that the UGA scale was a reliable measure of attachment to urban green, with ten items within the “attachment” factor. Study participants highly valued vertical green, but did not differentiate their attachment to it from horizontal greenery within the specific local context and by design of the measures we used. Thus, further studies and ethnographic investigations, preferentially accompanied by methods such as walking interviews, are needed to test the scale for other populations and settings. The UGA scale emerges as a valuable tool for advancing understanding in this critical area, given the current climate change-driven transformations of cities, building on the creation of green infrastructure.
Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Chen Shengmei , Wang Tao , Luo Rui , Lu Zhanhao , Lan Jing , Sun Yuan , Fu Qiang , Qiu Hua-Ji
Published: June 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars. It typically presents as a hemorrhagic fever but can also manifest in various forms, ranging from acute to asymptomatic. ASF has spread extensively globally, significantly impacting the swine industry. The complex and highly variable character of the ASFV genome makes vaccine development and disease surveillance extremely difficult. The overall trend in ASFV evolution is towards decreased virulence and increased transmissibility. Factors such as gene mutation, viral recombination, and the strain-specificity of virulence-associated genes facilitate viral variations. This review deeply discusses the influence of these factors on viral immune evasion, pathogenicity, and the ensuing complexities encountered in vaccine development, disease detection, and surveillance. The ultimate goal of this review is to thoroughly explore the genetic evolution patterns and variation mechanisms of ASFV, providing a theoretical foundation for advancement in vaccine and diagnostic technologies.
Evaluation of the Effect of Agricultural Return Flow on Water Quality, Water Quantity and Aquatic Ecology in Downstream Rivers
Authors: Kang Taeseong , Shin Yongchul , Shin Minhwan , Lee Dongjun , Lim Kyoung Jae , Kim Jonggun
Published: June 2024

Agricultural water serves various functions, including public interest purposes, beyond its primary role in agricultural production. In order to evaluate the various public interest purposes of agricultural water, a quantified study of the effect of agricultural water on river flow, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems is needed. Therefore, this study quantified the impact of agricultural water on the environmental and ecological maintenance function of downstream rivers, taking into account the return flow of agricultural water in rural areas. To this end, first, the effect of agricultural return flow on river maintenance function was evaluated by comparing the return flow quantity calculated using the reservoir supply data with the simulated river flow rate through the SWAT model. Second, the effect of the agricultural return flow on the downstream river environmental ecological function was analyzed using the optimal flow rate results calculated through the PHABSIM model. The lastly, the effect of agricultural water by farming period on the water quality of downstream rivers was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the return flow of agricultural water had a large effect on the river flow rate in the case of the non-rainy season, but the optimal ecological flow rate was not satisfied. In the case of river water quality, it was confirmed that the effect of agricultural water (mainly considered as a pollutant) was not significant, except for the drainage duration of rice paddies. Therefore, it can be understood that agricultural water is not only used for the purpose of production but can also have a positive impact on the aquatic ecology of downstream rivers.
Talking about Homelessness and School: Recommendations from Canadian Young People Who Have Experienced Homelessness
Authors: Partridge Kevin , Kennelly Jacqueline
Published: June 2024

The primary research question driving this paper is the following: “What are the schooling experiences of young people who are at risk of or experiencing homelessness?” Through interviews with 28 young people in two cities in Ontario, Canada, the authors identified several common experiences, including the following: lack of available information that could help them cope with their housing difficulties; prejudice and bullying from other students, sometimes stemming from their housing problems but also due to factors such as racialization, gender identity, poverty, and substance use; and individual support from some teachers and support staff, although this was dependent on being in school. They proposed changes to help young people still in school, including the inclusion of non-judgmental information and guidance on dealing with poverty and homelessness in school curricula, educating school staff about the ‘symptoms’ of homelessness to help them identify students at risk, and creating more safe and supportive school environments overall.
Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis
Authors: Nuralın Levent
Published: June 2024

Shilajit (Mumio) is a complex of natural bioactive compounds that has historically been used as a therapeutic cream for many skin diseases. It is also used in traditional medicine for diseases such as diabetes Alzheimer's and cancer. In this study, to determine the polyphenolic content of Shilajit, ultrasound assisted extracts (UAE) were obtained at 45 °C and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the quantitative analysis of ten different polyphenolic compounds. Such a comprehensive content analysis has not been done for Shilajit before. As a result of the experimental study, 28.99±1.23 µg/g rutin, 25.47±1.67 µg/g ferulic acid, 41.49±0.41 µg/g resveratrol and 532.19±8.21 µg/g taxifolin was determined. In this study, 532.19±8.21 µg/g of taxifolin, which is found to be very effective against many diseases in the literature, is a very high value compared to the literature. The results of this research will shed an important light to researchers working in the fields of extraction of bioactive substances, food supplement production and pharmaceutical applications.
Extension of Raw Cow Milk Shelf Life by Microplasma Discharge
Authors: M Muthuselvan , E.R Kavitha , N Thirumurugan , S.R Varshaa , K Suresh
Published: June 2024

Cow's milk, the universal nutrient, is being stored and supplied, which seeks proper preservation. The prevalent milk preservation procedure of refrigeration, is effective only for two days, and after which, it starts to contaminate due to the growth of various milk-laden bacteria. This bacterial overload has to be inactivated properly to increase its shelf life, and is been achieved effectively using microplasma, a single-step, cost-effective and chemical-free process. Raw milk was treated for 5, 10, and 13 seconds in microplasma discharge. After 13 seconds of microplasma treatment, E. Coli, Pseudomonas, and S. Aureus bacteria got reduced at a respective rate of 89.93, 84.55, and 94.19% for in raw milk. The reactive species formed during microplasma discharge disrupts the structural integrity of bacterial cells and inactivates it, thereby enhancing the milk shelf life. Treated samples remained in good condition for 8 days. Thus, microplasma discharge increases the shelf life of milk by quickly inactivating the bacterial load.
Transverse Fluctuations and Their Effects on the Stable Functioning of Semiconductor Devices
Authors: S Mallick , B Panda , A Sen , A Majumdar , R Ghosal , S Chandra , Sharry  , B Kaur , S Nasrin , P Chatterjee , R Myrzakulov
Published: June 2024

Semiconductor plasma is often found in chaotic unpredictable motion which shows some anomalous behaviors providing multiple challenges to work with the instabilities in a semiconductor device. Experimental studies have shown that these instabilities give rise to fluctuations and azimuthal non-uniformities, which are usually present in the semiconductor. The energy fluctuations have also been observed in some of the cases. In this paper, we have obtained the fluctuations in velocity field by integrating the linearized governing hydrodynamic equations with RungeKutta method of order four (RK4). Then, we have come up with a mathematical formulation, where these fluctuations can be obtained from a KdV family equation with homotopy-assisted symbolic simulation. We have also obtained the relative velocity between the solitary structures for different parameters. Finally, by giving a detailed explanation of the behavior of semiconductor devices, we can study the usefulness of formulating the plasma waves in the various regime, and predict their characteristics theoretically.
Machine Learning based Early Stage Identification of Liver Tumor using Ultrasound Images
Authors: S Gandhimathi alias Usha , S Vasuki
Published: June 2024

Liver cancer is one of the most malignant diseases and its diagnosis requires more computational time. It can be minimized by applying a Machine learning algorithm for the diagnosis of cancer. The existing machine learning technique uses only the color-based methods to classify images which are not efficient. So, it is proposed to use texture-based classification for diagnosis. The input image is resized and pre-processed by Gaussian filters. The features are extracted by applying Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Local binary pattern (LBP in the preprocessed image. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is an efficient texture operator which labels the pixels of an image by thresholding the neighborhood of each pixel and considers the result as a binary number. The extracted features are classified by multi-support vector machine (Multi SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms. The Advantage of combining SVM with KNN is that SVM measures a large number of values whereas KNN accurately measures point values. The results obtained from the proposed techniques achieved high precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity than the existing method.
Review of Hybrid Wind-Solar PV Technology in the Generation of Electricity
Authors: T Jayakumar , P Ponmurugan , B Karthik , K.C Anandhan , S Ragul , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev , D Rajkumar
Published: June 2024

Achieving sustainability by utilizing alternative energy sources viable technological possibilities for creating sustainable energy, the sun, biomass, wind, geothermal resources, hydropower, and ocean resources are considered. Despite the fact that the total amount of energy produced by PV cells and wind turbines is still far less than that of fossil fuels, their ability to generate electricity has significantly expanded in recent years. This article provides an overview of the Solar-Wind hybrid power system, which generates electricity by combining the Sun and Wind, two renewable energy sources. Microcontrollers are widely used in the field of system management. We can maximize the utilization of those resources by employing this strategy, which takes into account the distinct production processes of each resource. Furthermore, it increases dependability and decreases reliance on any single input. This hybrid solar-wind power generation system is suitable for both industrial and residential applications.
Functional Group Analysis of Hybrid Polyurethane Foam Derived from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Kanagaraj Gnanaprakash , Tamilperuvalathan Sekar , Arokiyasamy Daniel Antony , Arumugam Sakthi Kumar , Ramakrishnan Surendran
Published: June 2024

Annually, a staggering three billion gallons of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) are generated globally. To foster a health-conscious lifestyle and champion the creation of an unpolluted environment, effective WCO management is imperative. The repetitive utilization of WCO for cooking purposes yields detrimental effects on human health and diminishes overall productivity. This research delves into the fundamental characteristics of bio-based polyurethane (bio-PU), derived from discarded sunflower and palm oils. The findings are juxtaposed with those of non-biodegradable commercially available Polyurethane (PU). Through a process of addition polymerization conducted at room temperature, samples of PU foam are created. Specifically, 2.5 ml, 5 ml, and 7.5 ml of sunflower and palm oil are amalgamated with 5 ml of polyol and an equivalent amount of isocyanate. The vibrational attributes of amino acids and cofactors, which exhibit sensitivity to subtle structural alterations, are closely examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This technique, despite its lack of pinpoint precision, permits direct exploration of the vibrational properties of numerous cofactors, amino acid side chains, and water molecules. The presence of Polyurethane and its associated functional groups in the synthesized samples is verified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. To ascertain Temperature ranges for primary phases of thermal degradation, discernible chemical bands within foams—comprising both recognized and unfamiliar compounds with distinct groupings—are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on identifying the peak release rates of particular chemical compounds (namely, CO2, -NCO, H2O, and C=O).
Unveiling Micro Entrepreneurs’ Insights on Mudra Scheme in Karnataka
Authors: Jamela Salasty J , Kanagavalli G
Published: June 2024

In light of the Indian government’s increasing efforts to foster entrepreneurship among its youth through various financial supports and schemes, it is now an opportune moment to assess the efficacy of initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship in the country. This study seeks to elucidate the perspectives of micro-entrepreneurs regarding the support provided by the Mudra Schemes for the advancement of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).This Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) scheme in Karnataka has proven to be vital force in supporting micro entrepreneurs, addressing their financial needs and fostering economic growth. This study, based on primary and secondary data, explores the perceptions of micro entrepreneur who have benefited from Mudra loans. The scheme’s components, Shishu, Kishore and Tarun – cater to various financial needs from initial business expenses to expansion and renovation. The analysis of micro entrepreneurs perspectives identify the sentiments towards the MUDRA scheme, and contribution to micro business growth, pubic awareness, processing time and willingness to recommend others. However challenges in availing MUDRA loans and certain aspects of the terms and conditions will be identified as areas for improvement.
Mengukur Keberhasilan Penerapan Aplikasi Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes) dengan Model Kesuksesan Delon and Mclean
Authors: Nofita Desri Yet , Veri Jhon
Published: June 2024

The Village Financial System (Siskeudes) is an application created by BPKP to assist village governments in reporting village finances. An application that is easy to use by village governments because the features available are easy to understand and comprehend. Can use the internet network or not. This research was conducted to measure the success of the Village Financial System by applying the Delon and McLean success model. The method used in this research is a descriptive method, where data analysis uses SEM-PLS statistics. The research sample consisted of 54 people who were Siskeudes nagari and sub-district operators within the South Solok Regency Government. By testing the system using Delone and McLean, it is known that the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) as a whole has a good quality system and a score of 52.6%. It is necessary to update the system, including improving the features and functions of the application so that users experience greater benefits. This will have a positive impact on user satisfaction levels. In the use aspect, there are several indicators that can be used as benchmarks to evaluate how effective the use of management information systems is in supporting the achievement of net benefits. These indicators include frequency of use, duration of use, number of accesses, usage patterns, and level of dependence. Further efforts are needed to ensure that Siskeudes users experience adequate benefits from using the application.
The adoption by persons with disabilities
Authors: Rodríguez Guitián Alma María
Published: June 2024

According to Article 23 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) States Parties shall ensure the rights and responsibilities of such persons with regard to adoption of children. This article has a limited application in practice due to a traditional prejudice towards sexuality and motherhood/parenthood of these people, even proposing the adoption of their biological children. This contribution focuses on the analysis of the configuration of adoption in the aforementioned Article 23.2 CRPD, based on significant examples of Comparative Law. First, it studies the health and financial requirements for adopters, which often hide direct or indirect discrimination against the people with disabilities. Second, this paper explores the meaning of the concept of `supportˊ, which is aimed at ensuring that persons with disabilities can adopt on an equal basis with others. Third, it analyzes the scope of the expression ˊin all cases the best interests of the child shall be paramountˊ, with a view to examining whether it jeopardises the effectiveness of Article 23.2 CRPD in practice.
Learning AI literacy in collaborative projects with an AI Education Tool by Making Machine Learning-Driven Apps: A case study from Finnish pre-service teacher education
Authors: Laru Jari , Celik Ismail , Kivioja Iiris , Mäkitalo Kati
Published: June 2024

This case study examines the integration of AI literacy into Finnish pre-service teacher education through the use of the GenAI Teachable Machine, an interactive AI education tool. The study was conducted as part of the "Generation AI" project, funded by the Strategic Research Council of Finland. The project involved 128 pre-service teachers in a technology-enhanced learning course. The AI workshop, a core component of the course, provided hands-on experience with machine learning-driven app development. Participants were introduced to basic AI concepts and engaged in creating their own AI applications, fostering practical understanding and critical thinking about AI technologies. The results indicated a significant increase in AI literacy among participants, with positive feedback highlighting the tool's ease of use and the workshop's relevance. This study underscores the importance of incorporating practical AI education in teacher training programs to equip future educators with the necessary skills to navigate and teach in an AI-integrated world.
ЗМІСТ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ У ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ РІВНЕНЩИНИ (1939–1957): РЕФЛЕКСІЯ З ТОЧКИ ЗОРУ СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Сорочинська Тетяна , Третяк Оксана , Синьчук Оксана
Published: June 2024

У статті розкрито зміст професійної підготовки вчителя початкових класів у педагогічних закладах Рівненщини в контексті освітніх реформ 1939–1957 років та проведено рефлексивний аналіз її складових із точки зору сучасності. Висвітлено стан освітньої сфери у регіоні до початку німецько-радянської війни, яка стала перешкодою для запровадження загального обов’язкового навчання та сприяла закриттю педагогічних закладів. На основі значної кількості архівних джерел схарактеризовано напрями професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців у повоєнні роки (1945–1957) в Костопільському, Острозькому та Дубенському педучилищах області. Акцентовано увагу на організаційно-педагогічних засадах та особливостях діяльності педзакладів в контексті освітніх реформ означених років. Здійснено аналіз викладання навчальних дисциплін, розкрито специфіку та основні недоліки підготовки вчителів. Доведено негативний вплив ідейно-політичної складової, яка обмежувала ініціативу, світоглядну позицію та індивідуальність майбутнього фахівця; відокремленість радянської освітньої моделі від світової практики. Обґрунтовано наслідки проведених радянською владою освітніх реформ, які, на перший погляд, сприяли перебудові педагогічного процесу, однак були суттєво перевантаженими і не завжди ефективними.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ТЕОРІЯ І МЕТОДИКА ВИХОВАННЯ» У ФОРМУВАННІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ БАКАЛАВРІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Ціпан Тетяна , Ваколюк Аліна
Published: June 2024

У статті розкрито педагогічний потенціал навчальної дисципліни «Теорія і методика виховання» у формуванні професійної компетентності майбутніх бакалаврів  початкової освіти.
Окреслено мету і завдання дисципліни, схарактеризовано принципи викладання, а саме: гуманізму, педагогічної підтримки, індивідуалізації навчання, самостійності, інформаційної насиченості навчального матеріалу. Розкрито тематичне наповнення двох змістових модулів дисципліни. Вирізнено форми і методи його реалізації: проблемні та візуальні лекції, діалогічні технології навчання під час практичних і лабораторних занять.
Узагальнено, що під час вивчення навчальної дисципліни у майбутніх бакалаврів закладаються теоретичні та практичні основи обраної професії, забезпечується розвиток творчих здібностей, педагогічного мислення, формується уміння та здатність здійснювати виховання й розвиток здобувача початкової освіти з урахуванням його вікових, гендерних та індивідуальних особливостей, формується позитивне ставлення до професії вчителя початкової школи, активна життєва позиція, що є підґрунтям для формування загальних і спеціальних (фахових) компетентностей, визначених у Стандарті вищої освіти за спеціальністю 013 Початкова освіта для першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти (2021), освітньо-професійній програмі спеціальності 013 Початкова освіта для першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти РДГУ (2023).
ПРОСВІТНИЦЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ТА ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ІДЕЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПИСЬМЕННИКІВ ВОЛИНІ (20-30-ті рр. ХХ ст.)
Authors: Баліка Людмила , Філоненко Руслана
Published: June 2024

У статті зосереджено увагу на важливості глибокого переосмислення накопичених педагогічних ідей в історії освіти, теорії та практиці навчання і виховання, в історії української культури та літератури. Доведено, що українські педагоги, літератори, письменники міжвоєнного періоду здійснювали активну просвітницьку діяльність, досвід якої є цінним та актуальним в сучасних реаліях розвитку української освіти, як і їхні педагогічні ідеї.
Акцентовано увагу на громадсько-просвітницькій діяльності української інтелігенції Волині у 20-30-х роках ХХ століття, серед яких: В. Бобинський, І. Власовський, О. Гаврилюк, Г. Жежко, С. Козицький, Я. Кондра, М. Левицький, О. Левчанівська, О. Лятуринська, В. Мізинець, В. Островський, К. Поліщук, О. Пекарський, А. Річинський, С. Скрипник, У. Самчук, М. Тележинський і багато інших.
Обґрунтовано думку, що родина Косачів була потужним центром зв’язків між провідними українськими діячами Волині, провадила широку літературну, наукову, педагогічну, культурно-просвітницьку та фольклористичну діяльність.
Проаналізовано просвітницьку діяльність та педагогічні ідеї українських письменників, як-то: Лесі Українки, О. Левчанівської, У. Самчука, В. Островського, Г. Журби. Відзначено роль «Просвіти» та Союзу жінок у боротьбі із занепадом української школи на Волині міжвоєнного періоду.
Доведено, що твори українських письменників Волині міжвоєнного періоду (20-30-ті рр. ХХ ст.) цінні не лише для української літератури, а й для педагогічної науки, позаяк саме через свої твори вони відстоювали рідну мову, культуру, зберігали національні традиції у вихованні,сприяли формуванню національної свідомості та вихованню громадянина-патріота.