bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximal Jet Energy of Gamma-Ray Bursts through the Blandford–Znajek Mechanism
Authors: Wu Zhao-Feng , Damoulakis Michail , Beniamini Paz , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic events in the Universe, driven by relativistic jets launched from black holes (BHs) formed during the collapse of massive stars or after the merger of two neutron stars. The jet power depends on the BH spin and the magnetic flux accreted onto it. In the standard thin disk model, jet power is limited by insufficient magnetic flux, even when the spin approaches maximum possible value. In contrast, the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) state limits jet energy by extracting significant angular momentum, braking BH rotation. We propose a unified model incorporating both standard thin disk and MAD states, identifying a universal curve for jet power per accretion rate as a function of the magnetic flux ratio,

Δ

eq

=

(

Φ

BH

/

Φ

MAD

)

eq

, at spin equilibrium. For long GRBs (lGRBs), the model predicts a maximum jet energy of ∼1.5% of the accretion energy, occurring at Δeq ∼ 0.4, where the BH equilibrium spin is a ∼ 0.5. Both long and short GRBs are unlikely to be produced by a MAD: for short GRBs, this requires an accreted mass orders of magnitude smaller than that available, while for lGRBs, the narrow progenitor mass distribution challenges the ability to produce the observed broad distribution of jet energies. This framework provides a consistent explanation for both standard and luminous GRBs, emphasizing the critical role of magnetic flux. Both long and short GRBs require magnetic flux distributions that peak around 1027 G cm2.
New genera and species of coniferous twig-inhabiting Rhytismatales from China
Authors: Zhuo Lan , Wang Hai-Qi , Zhang Peng , Sui Xiao-Nan , Guo Mei-Jun , Wang Shi-Juan , Hou Cheng-Lin
Published: February 2025

Species in the order Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) develop on a wide range of host plants, but prefer conifers, such as species of Cupressaceae and Pinaceae. Conifers, the largest group of gymnosperms, show a high diversity in China. In this study, the species diversity of Rhytismatales on twigs of conifers is investigated based on specimens newly collected in China. Morphological characteristics combined with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, nrLSU, and mtSSU rDNA) revealed 18 new species, belonging to six new genera (Abiomyces, Cryptococcomyces, Labivalidus, Neotherrya, Pseudococcomyces, and Stipamyces) and three known genera (Hypoderma, Hypohelion, and Tryblidiopsis). Additionally, seven new combinations are proposed. The findings underscore the complexity of fungal taxonomy within Rhytismatales and the importance of considering multiple criteria for accurate classification. The study also explores the importance of host specificity for genus and species delimitation within the order. A key to genera and species of Rhytismatales on twigs of conifers worldwide is provided.
La plateformisation du deuil : un nouveau paradigme de l’expression de la mort
Authors: Ahmadi Ali
Published: February 2025

Cet article explore la « plateformisation du deuil », façonnée par l’évolution technologique et la disponibilité croissante d’espaces virtuels de communication pour faire face à la diminution des cérémonies en présence des proches. Il examine la fréquence du deuil numérique au sein de la diaspora iranienne en France à la suite de la pandémie de Covid-19. À cette fin, une analyse qualitative approfondie de trois plateformes innovantes dédiées au deuil en Iran a été réalisée, explorant les nouvelles dimensions religieuse, culturelle et sociale émergeant à travers le deuil numérique. Les différentes manières dont ces plateformes sont utilisées sont présentées, que ce soit pour participer à des rituels en ligne, créer des souvenirs numériques ou accompagner les familles. Cette approche renouvelle la compréhension conventionnelle de la fin de la vie et suscite des questionnements sur un nouveau paradigme de l’expression de la mort avec le deuil numérique ainsi que sur la notion d’immortalité numérique. This article explores the "platformization of mourning," shaped by technological developments and the increasing availability of digital spaces to cope with the decrease of in-person ceremonies. It examines the frequency of digital mourning within the Iranian diaspora in France following the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, an in-depth qualitative analysis of three innovative platforms dedicated to mourning in Iran was carried out, exploring new religious, cultural, and social dimensions emerging through digital mourning. The different uses of these platforms are presented, whether they propose online rituals, create digital memories, or support families. This approach reshapes our conventional understanding of the end of life and raises questions about a new paradigm of the expression of death with digital mourning as well as the notion of digital immortality.
La bulle et le labyrinthe
Authors: Jandrok Thierry
Published: February 2025

À travers l’histoire de Régis, nous explorons l’histoire d’un patient envisageant sa mort comme la fuite d’une vie indigne, à travers ses funérailles. Que signifie revisiter constamment cette fin de vie envisagée mais pas encore traversée ? Comment accorder fantasme et principe de réalité ? Surtout comment se défaire de l’infamie de son admission dans un service de psychiatrie lorsque l’on est encore un adolescent ?
Pourquoi le deuil ? Une perspective évolutionniste
Authors: Urbano Pedro
Published: February 2025

La mort est un sujet qui fascine toutes les sociétés humaines, probablement depuis toujours. Elle offre mille visages, de la cellule à l’être humain. Elle est philogénétiquement nécessaire aux adaptations des espèces à leur environnement. Elle peut être accidentelle, régulée, voire programmée dans les communautés pluricellulaires. Elle peut signifier une rupture définitive dans la cohérence des processus vitaux ; ou désigner l’arrêt ou la suspension des fonctions vitales ; ou encore un état irréversible, une incapacité permanente, la disparition définitive de l’activité. Mais elle peut aussi être perçue comme une continuité, n’être qu’un passage d’une vie à l’autre, ou représenter la séparation du corps et de l’âme. En tant qu’idée universelle et image primordiale dans l’histoire de l’humanité, elle doit correspondre à un archétype important. En tant qu’événement final, irréfutable et insurmontable, elle provoque en règle générale une crise ou un changement radical dans la vie d’un individu. Pourquoi ? Quel serait le sens de cette réaction ? Quel sens peut-on donner aux sentiments de tristesse éprouvée à la suite de la mort d’un proche ? Quel est le sens de cette souffrance, souvent associée à la mort physique de quelqu’un, mais aussi à la mort d’une relation, d’une image parfaite — celle des parents, par exemple ? La présente réflexion aborde quelques-unes de ces questions à la lumière de l’évolution et de la psychologie évolutionniste.
Brižinski spomeniki / Monumenta Frisingensia
Authors: Dolinar Darko , Faganel Jože
Published: February 2025

Edicija, tretja, nima namena strniti vse dosedanje znanje o Brižinskih spomenikih, čeprav ga evidentira, temveč poudarja najpomembnejše vidike v preglednih problemskih uvodih k posameznim poglavjem in v številnih opombah ali komentarjih k posameznim mestom; tako opozarja na še nerešena vprašanja ali celo pomaga odpirati nova. Takšen koncept, ki je bil udejanjen v naši prvi, bibliofilski, in drugi, študijski izdaji Brižinskih spomenikov (1992, 1993), je dočakal potrditev v mednarodni raziskovalni javnosti in jo spodbudil k ponovnemu preverjanju dotedanjega znanja in dopolnjevanju z novimi, podrobnejšimi ugotovitvami. Poleg obravnav na nekaj mednarodnih znanstvenih posvetih in številnih objav v strokovnem tisku so bili posamezni rezultati, vezani na našo izdajo, uporabljeni v univerzitetnih in srednješolskih programih, popularizirani na javnih prireditvah, v radijskih in televizijskih programih ter preneseni v druge elektronske medije.
La métaphysique et avant. Remarque sur la notion d’époque en histoire de la métaphysique
Authors: Carraud Vincent
Published: February 2025

Les livres de philosophie publiés par Jean-Luc Marion, qu’ils soient historiques (principalement cartésiens ou husserliens) ou phénoménologiques, disent quelque chose. Celui qui fait l’objet de cette étude est méthodologique. Il ne dit donc rien, mais se contente d’énoncer a posteriori des règles qui sont autant de conditions pour énoncer quelque chose en philosophie. Le résumé de ces règles permet de constater combien elles sont devenues aujourd’hui banales : de ce point de vue, le recueil La métaphysique et après, qui reprend des règles décisives quand elles furent énoncées il y a vingt-cinq ans, apparaît à la fois sommaire et indiscutable. On a donc affaire à un recueil d’articles que leur réussite même a rendu inutiles, d’où à la fois sa désuétude et sa validité. Prenant au sérieux le concept d’époque qui figure dans le sous-titre du livre, ce qui requiert de revenir au renouvellement des paradigmes en histoire de la philosophie, la seconde partie de l’étude distingue l’époque (Zeitalter, Epoche) de ce qu’on nomme la période (Zeit­raum), pour montrer que si la périodisation est spécifique, l’épochalisation est totale. Nous en prenons plusieurs exemples, avant de développer deux exemples de la Renaissance française du xiie siècle, réunis dans la recherche de la sagesse sans Métaphysique : d’où la métaphysique et avant.
Investigation of emergency medicine residents’ skills in using external pacemakers
Authors: Kocal Samiye , Yılmaz Fevzi , Eyinç Mehmet Berk , Öztoprak Hüseyin , Şirin İlker
Published: February 2025

External pacing is one of the most efficient methods of treating multiple conduction abnormalities. The goal of this study was to determine how well emergency medicine residents (EMRs) could use external pacemakers and how much they learned after training. The study investigated resident physicians who were pursuing their education at a department of emergency medicine (ED) in a tertiary hospital. The physicians who agreed to participate in this study were initially tested on the application of external pacemakers. They were then provided with both theoretical and practical instructions on the external pacemaker before undergoing a post-test assessment. The prior external pacemaker application skills and the pre-test and post-test results of the resident physicians were compared. It was found that 22.5% of the participants (n=9) had been working in the ED for 0-1 year, whereas 37.5% (n=15) had been working in the ED for 3-4 years. Furthermore, 36 (90%) participants had previously witnessed an external pacemaker application, and 29 (72.5%) had used an external pacemaker before. A mean score of 10.28±2.5 was obtained from the participants in the pre-test phase, while the post-test score was recorded as being 13.03±1.67. Statistical analysis indicated significant increases in scores after training (p<0.001), leading to the conclusion that theoretical and practical training can enhance the external pacemaker competencies of emergency department residents.
Incidentally detected right partially fused, malrotated, supernumerary kidney
Authors: Raavani Kumaraswamy Nishanth , Balol Sushmita , Manohar Vittal , Naik Yashwanth , Tavarakere Shamasundara Shubha
Published: February 2025

Supernumerary kidney (SK) is an uncommon anomaly of the urinary tract, usually occurring on the left side. A rare case of a partially-fused, SK on the right side is presented. The diagnosis is made through the identification of a distinct pelvicalyceal system along with its supplying renal artery and vein, utilising ultrasound, CT, or MRI.Contribution: Correct diagnosis of partially-fused, supernumerary kidneys based on imaging is crucial to avoid unnecessary procedures, so that asymptomatic cases are managed conservatively.
Comparing Cognitive Functions and Psychosocial Functioning of Euthymic Patients Having Bipolar Mood Disorder with Healthy Controls: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rani Divya Anidharan , Sathyanath Shashwath M. , Karkal Ravichandra , Mendonsa Rohan Dilip , Kakunje Anil
Published: February 2025

Background:

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder characterized by mania and depression with intervening periods of euthymia. Although cognitive impairments are associated with acute episodes, these do seem to persist in lower degree during periods of euthymia.

Aim:

The objective was to study cognitive functions and psychosocial functioning among euthymic patients with bipolar mood disorder, to correlate the same with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and finally, to compare cognitive function disorder with those of apparently healthy controls.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among patients in the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care center in Karnataka, India.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty euthymic patients with bipolar mood disorder were selected using the Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale screening and compared with 30 healthy controls who were screened using the General Health Questionnaire-12 for cognitive function and psychosocial functioning. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Trail making test, digit symbol substitution test, visual memory test, and digit span test were used to assess cognitive function. Functioning assessment short test was used to assess psychosocial functioning. Chi-square test, “t”- test, and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results:

Compared to controls, cases took significantly more time for visual attention and task switching (P = 0.001), had poorer psychological functioning and speed (P = 0.001), and had poorer memory (P = 0.001). The number of episodes (depression/mania) was negatively correlated with psychomotor speed (P = 0.001), verbal working memory/attention (P = 0.049), and visual memory test (P = 0.031), respectively, and positively correlated with time taken for psychomotor functioning of cases (P = 0.001). Age of onset and reduction of psychomotor speed (P = 0.031) were positively correlated.

Conclusions:

Patients with bipolar disorder exhibited cognitive and psychosocial impairments during euthymic period. These impairments were correlated with number of episodes and age of onset.
Need Assessment of Patients and their Primary Caregivers among Various Psychiatric Illnesses in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tanvi G. Kacha , Vishnubhai Patel Hardik , Bhaveshkumar M. Lakdawala
Published: February 2025

Background:

The concept of “needs” helped in understanding the mismatch between the demands of patients with severe psychiatric illnesses (PSPI) and their primary caregivers (PCs) with the services provided to them. Therefore, nowadays, “needs” has been evaluated as a measure of outcome among PSPI.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the healthcare needs (HCN) of the PSPI perceived by themselves and their PC.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 109 PSPI and their PC who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. HCN was assessed by the Camberwell Assessment of Need – R (CAN – R) and Supplementary Need Assessment (SNA) Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by Excel. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for further analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

More than two-thirds (~72%) of needs were met and less than one-third (~28%) of needs were unmet according to PSPI and PC assessed on CAN-R. As per SNA, less than half (44%) of needs were met and more than half (56%) of needs were unmet according to PSPI and PC. The most reported unmet HCN were social needs, rehabilitation facilities, and benefits from the government. The most reported met HCN were related to environmental needs, needs related to basic healthcare facilities and support from PC.

Conclusion:

As per CAN-R less than one-third of needs were unmet and as per SNA, more than half of needs were unmet. Therefore, the government, health care sectors, policies, and mental health institutes should pay more attention to providing HCN as per SNA.
Prevalence of Anemia in Women Admitted to Psychiatry Inpatient Unit of a General Hospital in South India: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Chopra Akanksha , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Anemia is a common condition that can adversely affect both physical and mental health. Individuals with psychiatric disorders may be particularly vulnerable due to various factors, including inadequate nutrition, poor healthcare access, and the physiological effects of their illness or treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of anemia among female psychiatric patients and explore its association with socio-demographic and clinical variables.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional retrospective study design was used to analyse the medical records of 253 female patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Data included clinical details, laboratory findings, and demographic information collected during their hospital stay.

Results:

The prevalence of anemia in this sample was notably high at 70.75%, with 7.9% of the participants having severe anemia. The study identified microcytic anemia as the most prevalent morphological subtype. Women with severe mental illness (SMI) had significantly lower hemoglobin levels and higher rates of moderate and severe anemia compared to those with common mental illness (CMI).

Conclusion:

These findings reveal a substantial burden of anemia among female psychiatric patients, especially those with severe mental illness. This underscores the importance of routine anemia screening, nutritional counseling, and integrative healthcare approaches for psychiatric populations. Early intervention strategies focusing on nutritional education and anemia management could play a pivotal role in improving both physical and mental health outcomes for this at-risk group.
Pectoral nerve block and pecto-intercostal fascial block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheshagiri Adarsh M , Kumar Ajeet , Sinha Chandni , Kumar Abhyuday , Kumari Poonam , Kumar Amarjeet , Jha Chandan
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is associated with persistent postoperative pain. Paravertebral block (PVB) is the gold standard for postoperative analgesia. A pecto-intercostal fascial plane (PIFB) block added to the pectoral nerve block (Pecs) may provide effective analgesia. This trial aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of Pecs-PIFB with PVB.

Methods:

Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I/II patients scheduled for MRM were randomly assigned to receive either Pecs-PIFB block with 30 mL for Pecs block and 15 mL for PIFB or PVB block with 20 mL (0.2% ropivacaine). Postoperatively, intravenous (IV) morphine was administered through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The primary outcome was to compare the time to the first demand dose of rescue analgesic. The secondary outcomes were postoperative 24-hour opioid consumption, pain scores (30 mins and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h), patient satisfaction score (24 h), and block-related complications. The unpaired t-test compared quantitative normally distributed data, while the Mann-Whitney U test compared quantitative discrete data. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Patients in the Group Pecs-PIFB had an increased median time to first demand dose: 440 [interquartile range (IQR): 360–540] versus 340 (IQR: 180–360) minutes (P = 0.019) and lower median 24-h postoperative morphine consumption: 4 (3–6) versus 6 (4–8) mg (P = 0.020). Patients in the Group Pecs-PIFB had better pain scores at 30 minutes and 1 h.

Conclusion:

Compared to thoracic PVB, the combination of Pecs and PIFB block prolonged the duration of analgesia and decreased postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing MRM surgeries. There was no statistical increase in complications in patients receiving this block.
A novel oncoplastic technique for centrally located breast cancers: An experience from a Tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Pandey Sandhya , Gupta Gaurav , Gandhi Ajeet , Rastogi Madhup , Sethi Rohini , Beena Sachan
Published: February 2025

Context:

Oncoplastic breast surgery is the current standard for treatment of early breast cancer, offering a balance between good cosmetic outcomes and limited risk of locoregional recurrence. Still, the best technique of reconstruction for centrally located breast cancer (CLBC) is not established because of cosmetic issues associated with NAC resection and difficulties associated with its reconstruction.

Aims:

This study aims to present here a novel technique of post-BCS breast reconstruction for CLBC by latissimus dorsi (LD) flap coupled with immediate NAC reconstruction using modified Skate Flap.

Methods and Material:

A total of 9 patients underwent oncoplastic breast reconstruction using the described technique for CLBC at our center from July 2018 to March 2020. Postoperative analysis was done for surgical complications, pathological, oncological, and cosmetic outcomes. QOL outcome was assessed using body image scale (BIS) and compared with another group of 9 mastectomy patients operated in the same time period.

Statistical Analysis:

The analysis was done using SPSS software. P value was calculated using the Independent t-test.

Results:

Mean BIS score was 4.44 (range 1–8) in BCS vs 20 (range 11–27) in the mastectomy group, signifying better QOL in the BCS group. The postoperative cosmetic results, as evaluated by the patients, were excellent in 7 of 9 patients (77.77%), good in 1 patient (11.11%), and fair in 1 (11.11%), with an overall mean of 4.11 equivalent to 82% satisfaction.

Conclusions:

Immediate reconstruction with LD flap and modified skate flap following resection of CLBC is a good technique for this difficult group of patients to be managed by BCS. Cosmetic results of this technique are satisfactory. Additionally, it avoids the need for a symmetrizing contralateral breast surgery as well as a second surgery on the ipsilateral breast.
The utility of ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Kehong , Chen Rui , Ning Ze , Xu Weifeng , Zhang Chengyu , Yu Hongyan , Ou Xuemei , Zhang Qingxiong , Li Chengguo , Luo Qiu , Yang Yongsheng
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) and related influencing factors that could provide references for clinicians to improve the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs).

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 318 consecutive cases with PPLs who underwent US-guided PNB successfully in Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, Fusheng Community Health Service Center, Maoershi Community Health Service Center, and Yuzui Community Health Service Center. We collected pathological results of ultrasound-guided biopsy, clinical final diagnosis, disease course records, and postoperative complications of these patients. According to whether the pathological diagnosis of biopsy of US-guided PNB was consistent with the final clinical diagnosis, it can be divided into true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative to calculate diagnostic yield. The factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy were assessed between diagnosed cases (true positive and true negative) and non-diagnosed cases (false negative and uncertain) by the Chi-Square test.

Results:

Among the 318 patients, 292 cases had determinate pathological diagnosis through US-guided PNB and 26 cases were indeterminate. The diagnostic yield including diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, and negative predictive value in 318 patients under US-guided PNB was 86.2%, 73.8%, 85.2%, 82.7%, and 77.3%, respectively. The total complication rate was 6.0%. After analyzing multiple factors during the biopsy process, we found that the size of lesion had a significant impact on the diagnostic accuracy of US-guided PNB.

Conclusion:

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy has a high success rate and diagnostic accuracy, which is an effective and accurate method for the diagnosis of peripheral lung diseases. The size of lesions can affect the diagnostic accuracy.
Relationship between surgical compliance and survival outcome in patients with Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Chen Bin , Li Hong-Zhuo , He Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2025

Background:

The impact of surgical compliance on survival outcomes in patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES) is unclear, so this study was performed to explore the association between them.

Methods:

We used the SEER*Stat software (version 8.3.6.1) to extract information on ES patients from the SEER database. Patients were divided into two groups based on their adherence to surgical recommendations: the surgical compliance group and the surgical noncompliance group. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Multivariate logistic regression and Chi-square test were used to explore variables related to surgical compliance. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to initially select potential prognostic factors, and then the factors selected in the univariate Cox regression analysis were further analyzed in a multivariate Cox proportional risk model to ultimately determine the risk prognostic factors significantly related to the survival of patients with ES.

Results:

Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that adults (OR = 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.164–0.849), Grade IV (OR = 0.373, 95% CI: 0.164–0.849), and unmarried patients (OR = 0.568, 95% CI: 0.339–0.954) were more inclined to accept surgery recommendations, while patients from 2001 to 2010 were less compliant with surgery. Multifactorial Cox regression analysis suggested that surgical compliance was an independent prognostic factor for patients with ES. Through the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, we could clearly observe that the overall survival was higher in the surgical compliance group than in the surgical noncompliance group. Furthermore, subgroup analysis also reached similar conclusions.

Conclusion:

In this study, we found that surgical compliance was an independent predictor of patient prognosis. Furthermore, we found that age, tumor grade, year of diagnosis, and marital status may be related to surgical compliance.
Pilot study on inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy by sealing device – Ilsede study
Authors: Beamonte Ignacio , Gracia Myriam , Siegrist Jaime , Perez Yolanda , Hernandez Alicia , Zapardiel Ignacio
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the use of a sealing device during inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy on the reduction of postoperative complications.

Methods:

A single-institution, prospective, nonrandomized study was carried out. Fifteen patients with vulvar cancer underwent wide excision and inguinal lymphadenectomy between May 2017 and April 2019. Five patients underwent lymphadenectomy with a bipolar sealing device, whereas the remaining 10 patients received the standard procedure. Postoperative complications including wound infection, seroma, and lymphedema were selected as the primary outcome.

Results:

Patients who underwent surgery using a sealing device showed significantly lower wound infection rate (0 cases, 0%) compared with patients who underwent the standard procedure (7 cases, 70%; P = 0.026). Incidence of seroma and lymphedema did not show statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusions:

The use of a sealing device to perform the inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer could reduce the rate of wound infection compared with the standard procedure.
Isolated CNS blast crisis in pediatric CML – A case report and review of case reports of CNS blast crisis in adults
Authors: Mudaliar Sangeeta S. , Kanvinde Purva R. , Bodhanwala Minnie , Swami Archana
Published: February 2025

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm which can present in chronic phase, accelerated phase, or blast crisis. Most of the children present in chronic phase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used as a targeted therapy. Few children progress to blast crisis on therapy. The blast crisis occurs in the marrow. Very few cases are reported in adults with isolated central nervous system (CNS) blast crisis. Here we are reporting a rare case of isolated CNS relapse in a child.
Household-based Survey of Diphtheria Vaccination in Osogbo Vis-à-vis 2023 Diphtheria Outbreak in Osun State, Nigeria: A Snapshot Assessment
Authors: Sule Waidi Folorunso , Ajayi Hannah Ifedayo , Obayomi Ayokunle David , Adeagbo Omolola Yinka , Oyedara Omotayo Opemipo , Olayiwola Olayode , Akinde Sunday Babatunde
Published: February 2025

Background:

Inadequate immunisation with diphtheria vaccine might lead to diphtheria outbreak, which actually occurred in 2022–2023 in Nigeria. We conducted a snapshot assessment of DPT/PENTA vaccination history to determine complete diphtheria vaccination coverage, dropout and zero-dose rates and associated factors among children born between 1 January 2007, and 10 February 2023, and living in Osogbo and two bordering local government areas (LGAs), Osun State.

Materials and Methods:

This was a household-based survey; with ethical approval, 250 households in five clusters were contiguously selected for face-to-face interviewer-based interaction using semi-structured questionnaires. Consenting caregivers of children in each household provided pertinent socio-demographic and diphtheria vaccination data. Results were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Binary Logistic Regression.

Results:

A total of 234 (93.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 89.9%–96.0%]) children had vaccination cards; seven cards had no record of DPT/PENTA vaccination. Full diphtheria vaccination coverage (81.2% [95% CI: 75.9%–85.6%]) was acceptably high, with statistical association of five caregivers’ and two children’s variables. The PENTA1 to PENTA3 dropout rate (10.3% [95% CI: 6.9%–14.9%]) was higher than the WHO recommended threshold, indicating poor utilisation of immunisation services by the caregivers; one factor each of caregivers and children were associated with the dropout rate. The proportion (9.2% [95% CI: 6.2%–13.4%]) of children without evidence of PENTA vaccination (zero-dose rate) was also considerable, indicating lack of access of the children to immunisation services; three caregivers’ factors were associated with the zero-dose rate.

Conclusion:

The partially immunised/high dropout rate (incompletely immunised) and the 23 zero-dose children (non-immunised) could initiate diphtheria outbreak; while the high full coverage would make it low as observed in Osun State in 2023. The State’s health services need to increase efforts to ensure better utilisation of immunisation services and increase enlightenment campaigns on diphtheria and other childhood immunisations in the LGAs.
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Three Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of One Bottle Self-etch Adhesive System: An In vitro Study
Authors: Geethanjali R. , Krishnamurthy Madhuram , Natanasabapathy Velmurugan , Venugopal Naveen Kumar , Leburu Ashok , Elangovan Selvendran Kasiswamy
Published: February 2025

Aim:

The purpose of the current study is to compare the effect of three different cavity disinfectants chlorhexidine (CHX), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) and Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta/Creat) on shear bond strength (SBS) of one bottle self-etch adhesive resin system.

Materials and Methods:

Forty mandibular teeth were horizontally sectioned with diamond disk and mandrel and were embedded in acrylic resin. The respective samples were divided randomly into four groups, namely control Group I (no pretreatment), Group II (CHX), Group III (Aloe barbadensiss), Group IV (A. paniculata). One bottle self-etch adhesive resin system was applied and nanohybrid resin composite cylinders were made and cured as per manufacturer’s instructions and SBS was measured using the universal testing machine. The modes of failure were analyzed under stereomicroscope for observation of resin–dentin interface. SBS results were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:

When the results were analyzed, it was evident that the control group (no pretreatment) was better than herbal disinfectants and CHX. On comparison between herbal disinfectants and chlorohexidine, A. barbadensis showed high significance and both herbal disinfectants were significant than gold standard CHX indicating that herbal disinfectants can be used as alternative cavity disinfectant to CHX.

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of this study, it is concluded that for immediate SBS, A. barbadensis was better than CHX and both the herbal disinfectants can be invariably used as a alternative to CHX as cavity disinfectants.
Radicular Cyst with Actinomycotic Infection in Maxillofacial Scenario – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ponvel Keerthana , Sutharsan V. S. , Bottu Kavitha , Sivaguru V.
Published: February 2025

Radicular/periapical cyst is the common odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity and the second most frequent periapical lesion next to periapical granuloma. A key factor contributing to its formation is persistent nonresolving periapical infection with simple endodontic management. We present a case of the radicular cyst with actinomycotic infection as an accidental finding in a 26-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with periapical cyst by using clinical finding and intraoral periapical radiograph, the patient was taken under local anesthesia for surgical enucleation of the cyst, apicectomy with retrograde root canal filling in relation to 23 and 24. On histopathological examination, the case was diagnosed as a radicular cyst with concurrent actinomycotic infection histopathologically. This article aimed to report a case of a radicular cyst with actinomycotic infection in a maxillary anterior tooth and a detailed literature review on etiology, pathogenesis, dental considerations, and management of concurrent periapical actinomycotic infection.
Drug-induced Gingival Enlargement: A Case Study
Authors: Ramasamy Jeyaseelan , Vijayashree R. J. , Ravi Nikita , Logaranjani Anitha
Published: February 2025

Drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) is a common side effect of medications such as calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g., telmisartan). This case involves a 35-year-old female with a 10-year history of hypertension, managed with a combination of nifedipine and telmisartan, who developed significant gingival overgrowth primarily affecting the anterior regions of both the maxillary and mandibular gingiva. The enlargement caused esthetic concerns and made oral hygiene maintenance difficult, leading to increased plaque buildup. The pathophysiology of DIGE is linked to fibroblast hyperactivity and excessive collagen production, resulting in gingival hypertrophy, with poor oral hygiene exacerbating the condition. Early detection and a multidisciplinary approach are critical to managing DIGE, which includes improving oral hygiene, adjusting medications, and considering surgical intervention when necessary. This case underscores the importance of regular dental monitoring for patients on long-term medication that may cause gingival overgrowth. Effective management requires close collaboration between dental and medical professionals to ensure comprehensive care and minimize the oral side effects associated with these commonly prescribed drugs.
An Iwahori theoretic mod
$p$
local Langlands correspondence
Authors: Chitrao Anand
Published: February 2025

We extend a comparison theorem of Anandavardhanan–Borisagar between the quotient of the induction of a mod

$p$

character by the image of an Iwahori–Hecke operator and compact induction of a weight to the case of the trivial character. This involves studying the corresponding non-commutative Iwahori–Hecke algebra. We use this to give an Iwahori theoretic reformulation of the (semi-simple) mod

$p$

local Langlands correspondence discovered by Breuil and reformulated functorially by Colmez. This version of the correspondence is expected to have applications to computing the mod

$p$

reductions of semi-stable Galois representations.
Holomorphic factorization of mappings into the symplectic group
Authors: Schott Josua
Published: February 2025

It is shown that any symplectic

2n\times 2n

matrix, whose entries are complex holomorphic functions on a reduced Stein space, can be decomposed into a finite product of elementary symplectic matrices if and only if it is null-homotopic. Moreover, if this is the case, the number of factors can be bounded by a constant depending only on

n

and the dimension of the space.
A review of the petroleum, pollution and poverty in the Niger delta based on the report presented by amnesty international in June 2009
Authors: Mustapha T. S , Ogunbode T.O.
Published: February 2025

The ravaging effect of oil pollution in the Niger Delta, which has degraded the region cannot be overemphasized. The life of the inhabitants of the region is becoming unbearable day by day. Amnesty International, the author of the paper had based its write up on the report of UNDP.The report was done in 2009, which is still relevant to the region. The methodology adopted in this review was based on the review of several literatures that deal with the subject matter, especially on oil pollution for 2010 -2024, although references were made to early years before the time of the report. The article started with the problem of quality water in the region due to pollution, which has affected livelihood to the extent that fishes if they are ever caught smell oil. The blessing associated with discovery of oil has as it were, turned to a curse. A case in point is Ogoniland, where it was reported that shell did not do much in the clean-up of the region. The paper went further to look at the adverse effect of pollution on the livelihood of the populace. However, the government is not doing enough to salvage the situation which is making the oil exploration companies pollute the region with impunity. The review concluded by mentioning Niger Delta Development Corporation and the need to overhaul the corporation for effective performance since it has been created for that purpose. Laws governing the environment need to be well enforced to safeguard the environment, especially the Niger Delta.
Editorial: Celebrating 40 issues of the JSDA and Midlands State University’s silver jubilee: Looking at some of the developmental problems in Southern Africa
Authors: Muridzo Noel G. , Kurevakwesu Wilberforce
Published: February 2025

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The housing-education nexus in South Africa beyond COVID-19: Implications for social work and social policy
Authors: Sobantu Mziwandile , Mwedzi Tapuwa , Noyoo Ndangwa
Published: February 2025

The notion that housing is the bedrock of the social and economic development of families and communities is well acknowledged in all societies. From a social development and social policy perspective, this conceptual paper provides a compelling argument about the dividends that accrue from integrating housing and education planning. The rights to housing and education are social investments that promote human, social and economic development. The impact of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and its subsequent lockdowns were too severe on children from poor households who occupied inadequate housing. The authors make use of a literature methodology that synthesises United Nations policies and updates on COVID-19, empirical research and government policies and steps taken to attenuate the impact of the pandemic. The paper establishes that the country is still impaired by high levels of poverty which locks poor children in poor schools and poor housing. During COVID-19, millions of these children had their rights to education undermined because their economic and housing circumstances could not allow them to participate in online learning. Having established the essential social development potential of housing it is therefore fitting to rethink how social policy could be employed to dovetail the housing and education nexus. The authors recommend research to help envision this relationship, not only from a theoretical level but also from collaborative implementation processes.
Digital socialisation and self-identity: Psychosocial challenges faced by Generation Z adolescent girls while navigating social media platforms
Authors: Mafa Itai H. , Chigwedere Casper
Published: February 2025

Through the dual lenses of the psychosocial theory of development and the social learning theory, this multi-disciplinary study looks at the psycho-social effects of social media use on Generation-Z adolescent girls in Zimbabwe, colloquially identified as ‘Ama2000’. This study employed a qualitative approach through a narrative research design. Interviews were conducted with 11 adolescent girls and 4 key informants. Data that were analysed through narrative analysis established that many young girls suffer from body dysmorphic disorder as they felt that their bodies were contrary to the ideal figure depicted on social media platforms. Others also acquired a ‘borrowed identity’ to ‘fit’ into ideal social categories, leading to a low concept of self. Most female adolescents are addicted to social media platforms due to the fear of missing out (FOMO) on trending issues. Ultimately, this affects their worldview and how they interpret themselves and the world around them. The researchers then advocate for the introduction of school social work to strengthen the cognitive processing agency for young girls and educate guardians and teachers on interceptive child-protection practices that can assist them in monitoring their children’s online presence for improved digital well-being.
Socio-economic benefits of women empowerment in small-scale farming in Raffingora, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyamaka Lancelot C. , Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

When land was redistributed in Zimbabwe at the turn of the millennium, women were also beneficiaries, despite there being a gender dimension in land redistribution. This study examines the socio-economic benefits of women empowerment in small-scale farming (A1 farming) among female farmers in Raffingora, Zimbabwe. The study employed a qualitative approach through an exploratory case study design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 participants and 5 key informants. From the data analysed through thematic analysis, the participants reflected that they benefitted from women empowerment programmes in farming through asset accumulation, independence in decision-making, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions, and improved agricultural practices, despite a plethora of challenges. The researchers then suggest a need to include women in agricultural decision-making processes by removing gender barriers if sustainable agriculture and women's empowerment are to be fully achieved.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL HEWAN PELIHARAAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUGMENMENTED REALITY PADA SISWA DISABILITAS GRAHITA RINGAN
Authors: Bayuningrum Antasari , Budi Setia
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan penelitian tindakan kelas untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal hewan peliharaan pada siswa kelas IV Disabilitas Grahita Ringan di SLB Negeri Sungai Bahar. Dengan menggunakan Media Augmented Reality, penelitian dilakukan selama dua siklus dengan empat pertemuan pada setiap siklusnya, melibatkan dua siswa, IN dan TO, sebagai subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal hewan peliharaan kedua siswa, dengan nilai akhir Siklus II masing-masing mencapai 92% dan 96%, keduanya dikategorikan sebagai sangat baik. Media Augmented Reality terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap mengenal hewan peliharaan. Proses pembelajaran terlaksana sesuai rencana dengan kolaborasi yang baik antara siswa, peneliti, dan guru, melibatkan tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi kritis pada setiap siklusnya. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal hewan peliharan pada siswa Tunagrahita Ringan.AbstractThis study applies a classroom action research approach to improve the ability to recognize pets in grade IV students with Mild Mental Disabilities at SLB Negeri Sungai Bahar. Using Augmented Reality Media, the study was conducted for two cycles with four meetings in each cycle, involving two students, IN and TO, as subjects. The results of the study showed a significant increase in improving the ability to recognize pets of both students, with the final scores of Cycle II reaching 92% and 96% respectively, both categorized as very good. Augmented Reality Media has proven to be effective in improving students' understanding of recognizing pets. The learning process was carried out according to plan with good collaboration between students, researchers, and teachers, involving the planning stage, implementation of actions, observation, and critical reflection in each cycle. This study makes a positive contribution to improving the ability to recognize pets in students with Mild Mental Disabilities.
PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) MATERI TRIGONOMETRI SUDUT ISTIMEWA DENGAN GEOGEBRA DI SMA
Authors: Pajarudin Kurniadi , Sugiatno Sugiatno , Rustam Rustam , Rif’at Mohamad , Siregar Nurfadilah
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Pengetahuan Konten Pedagogis (PCK) calon guru, karena memainkan peran penting dalam pengajaran dan pemahaman siswa yang efektif. Program pelatihan guru harus fokus pada pengembangan PCK untuk memastikan bahwa guru memiliki dasar yang kuat dalam pengetahuan konten dan strategi pedagogi. Pemanfaatan teknologi seperti GeoGebra sebagai alat pembelajaran dapat sangat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk memasukkan alat pembelajaran berbasis teknologi ke dalam kelas matematika untuk mendorong keterlibatan aktif dan pemahaman yang lebih dalam di kalangan siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus pada siswa di SMA. Penelitian ini diperoleh dari calon guru PCK dan sepuluh siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Teluk Keramat berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan lembar angket. Menerapkan rekomendasi ini dapat berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan prestasi siswa dalam trigonometri dan konsep matematika lainnya.AbstractThis research in order to enhance the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of prospective teachers, as it plays a crucial role in effective teaching and student understanding. Teacher training programs should focus on developing PCK to ensure that teachers have a strong foundation in both content knowledge and pedagogical strategies. The use of technology, such as GeoGebra, as a learning tool can greatly enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate technology-based learning tools into mathematics classrooms to promote active engagement and deeper understanding among students. This research is a case study of high school students. This research were obtained from the PCK prospective teachers and ten students of class XI MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Teluk Keramat based on the results of interviews and questionnaire sheets. Implementing these recommendations can contribute to enhancing students' understanding and achievement in trigonometry and other mathematical concepts.