bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study between the Use of Role Play and Discussion Method in Teaching Speaking Ability
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Pahamzah John
Published: January 2021

The study aims to investigate if role play and discussion methods can improve students’ speaking skills significantly. The researcher also attempts to investigate whether role play or discussion method that better enhancing the students’ speaking performance after the teaching-learning process conducted. To achieve these aims, the quasi-experimental research design is employed. The data were gathered from 60 students of twelfth grade in one of the vocational high schools in Pandeglang, Banten. Students from two classes were taken randomly and divided into experimental and control groups. Some instruments like pre-test - post-test were employed to collect the data. At the end of the study, many advantages were found to improve the students’ speaking skill including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation aspect. Both groups indicated to experience improvement, but the experimental group showed more advanced enhancement indicated by their achieving to reach the ‘good’ category in speaking. While none of the students from the control group could get that. Conclusively, students taught by the discussion method show more improvement with 19.93 as their mean score. While students by role-play method have 13.73 as their mean score. It is significantly different from both methods indicated by the significance value score of 0.14 which is less than 0.05. Hence, the discussion method is more effective than the role-play method in improving students’ speaking ability. For that reason, it is recommended for teachers to use discussion method to improve students’ speaking comprehension.
SABERES ANCESTRALES GASTRONÓMICOS Y TURISMO CULTURAL DE LA CIUDAD DE RIOBAMBA, PROVINCIA DE CHIMBORAZO
Authors: Guevara Michael Roberth Villalva , Aguagallo Carlos Fernando Inga
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza la riqueza cultural en materia alimentaria presente en la gastronomía ecuatoriana, la cual ha sido por años relegada a un plano complementario en el servicio turístico nacional, por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión documental es analizar los saberes ancestrales gastronómicos para el fomento del turismo cultural de la ciudad de Riobamba, a través del abordaje de aspectos vinculantes con las áreas del agro turismo, festividades tradicionales, costumbres y gastronomía local. Para ello se utilizó el método de revisión bibliográfica y la selección de la información mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión documental. Tras el análisis de 153 escritos, mediante criterios de pertinencia y exhaustividad se eligieron 27 artículos catalogados de mayor relevancia; posteriormente, se analizaron mediante técnicas cualitativas, acontecimientos, interacciones, actitudes y comportamientos. Se demostró que la ciudad de Riobamba cuenta con manifestaciones culturales muy importantes ligadas a la gastronomía, que incluyen saberes ancestrales, prácticas culinarias, rituales y creencias que, en conjunto con el empoderamiento cultural de la ciudadanía y los proyectos en materia culinaria del sector público, pueden mejorar exponencialmente el turismo gastronómico local.
Ta'rîf-Tenkîr Kavramları Bağlamında Lafzî Müteşâbih Âyetler
Authors: AKBAŞ Yaşar
Published: January 2021

Kur’ân’ı Kerîm’de kelime tekrarı, âyetin tamamının veya bir kısmının bir farklılık olmaksızın tekrar edilmesi ve kısmen farklılık içermek suretiyle âyetin tamamının veya bir kısmının tekrarı ile oluşmuş lafız benzerlikleri söz konusudur. Bu benzerlikler lafzî müteşâbih olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Kur’ân’ın, edebi açıdan Arap dilinin zirvesini oluşturmasına, Arap dilinin emsalsiz zirve metni olmasına rağmen art niyetle meseleye bakan bir takım çevreler tarafından biçimsel benzerliğe sahip âyetlerden dolayı Kur’ân’da gereksiz tekrarlar bulunduğu yönünde bir takım asılsız iddialar dile getirilmiştir.
Klasik ve modern dönemde ilgili benzerliklerin izahı noktasında birçok eser kaleme alınmış, benzerliklerin gereksiz tekrar olmadığı, mutlaka bir gayeye matuf olduğu izah ve isbat edilmiştir.
Bu araştırma ile ta‘rîf-tenkîr kavramlarının belâgat ilmi açısından delalet ettikleri manalar işlenecek, klasik ve modern dönemde yazılan eserlerin izahlarından da faydalanmak üzere benzer lafızlarla gelen âyetler’in ta‘rîf-tenkîr düzeyinde içerdiği kısmî farklılıkların anlamsal boyutu, edebî açıdan değeri örnek âyetler ışığında ortaya koyulacaktır.
Kelam Geleneğinde Kesb Teorisi
Authors: ÇINAR Bayram
Published: January 2021

Öz: Kelâm tarihinin en temel konularından biri olan “iradî insan fiilleri” konusunda hem Mütekaddimin (erken hem de müteahhirin (geç dönem) kelamcıları arasından önemli tartışmalar olmuştur. Söz konusu tartışmalar “İnsanın bilinçli-şuurlu(iradi) fiillerinin yaratıcısı Allah mıdır?” sorusu olduğu söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda, bazı kelamcılar sahip oldukları Tanrı tasavvuruyla bağlantılı olarak bu soruya negatif (olumsuz) tepki verirken bazıları da Pozitif (olumlu) yanıt vermiştir. İlk grupta yer alan âlimler(Mu’tezilî), Allah’ın insanın fiillerini yaratmadığını söylerken, insanı kendi fiilleri karşısında mûcid, hâlık ve muhdis olarak konumlandırmıştır. İkinci grupta yer alan âlimler arasında ise iki ayrı görüş ortaya çıkmıştır. Bir kısmı, Allah’ın insanın fiillerinin yegâne yaratıcısı olduğunu ve dolayısıyla bu fiillerin insana nispet edilemeyeceğini savunur. Bunlar Cebrîyedir. Bu grubun diğer bir kısmı ise insanın fiillerinin yaratıcısı Allah olmakla birlikte yine de bu fiillerin insana nispet edilebileceğini savunmuştur. Bu ikinci grupta yer alan ve insanın fiillerini Allah yaratmasına rağmen insanın fiillerinin kendisine nispet edilebileceğini savunan kelamcılar, bir Kur’an terimi olan “kesb” kavramına başvurmuşlardır. Eş’ari ve Mâturidî söz konusu ‘kesb” terimi ile bağlantılı bir yorum ile insanın sorumluluğu ile insanın eylemi arasında bir ilişki kurma çabası göstermişlerdir.

Bu çalışmada farklı mezheplerin “kesb” teorisi ele alınacaktır. Söz konusu mezheplerin insan fiillerinin insan sorumluluğu ile ilişkilendirme yöntemini kesb kavramı üzerinden ortaya koymayı hedefler.
Çağdaş Bir Eğitim Yaklaşımı Olarak Holizm (Bütünsellik): Tarihsel Gelişim Bağlamında Kavramsal, Kuramsal ve Felsefi Bir Temellendirme
Authors: ŞAHİNOĞLU Seyfullah
Published: January 2021

Daha müreffeh ve yaşanabilir bir dünya inşa etmeyi kurgulayan tüm toplumlar, bu amaca dönük en doğru ve erdemli hareketin genç kuşakların eğitimine dair ihtiyaç ve beklentileri karşılamak olduğunu kesinlikle kabul etmektedir. Bu kapsamda en çağdaş imkan ve fırsatların sunulduğu eğitim platformları oluşturmak, onların belli başlı en önemli görevleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu şekilde tam ve eksiksiz bir eğitim sürecinden geçerek gelişimini tamamlayan bireylerin korunaklı bir konum ve ortama sahip olmaları ise, ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Eğitim sorunlarının küresel bir boyut kazandığı günümüzde insanlar ve devletler, konuya ilişkin ortak çözüm bulmak ve uygulamak amacıyla daha etkin ve kapsamlı bir yaklaşım ve model arayışına koyulmuştur. Neticede toplum ve uluslar, küresel sorunların üstesinden gelebilecek kabiliyet ve donanımı haiz bir insan modeli ortaya koymada en önemli görevin eğitime ait olduğunu fark etmiş ve modern eğitim anlayışının öngördüğü şekliyle ekonomik verimliliği esas alan tekdüze bireyler yetiştirmek yerine, sevgi, saygı, şefkat, merhamet, öz farkındalık ve sosyal adalet duygusu gibi evrensel ilke ve değerleri benimseyen, doğa, yeryüzü ve evrene karşı sorumluluk bilinci taşıyan erdem ve fazilet sahibi insan yetiştirmenin çok daha doğru ve önemli olduğunu kavramaya başlamıştır.

Bu makalede, konu ve olayları tamlık ve bütünlük bağlamında ele alan holistik (bütünsel) yaklaşımın küresel ölçekte etkili bir eğitim modeli öngörmesinden dolayı eğitime dair hedef ve beklentileri karşılama iddiası araştırılacaktır.
Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.) ve Sahabenin Âyetleri Bağlam Dışı Kullanım Örnekleri
Authors: KURT Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Yazılı ve sözlü metinlerde herhangi bir sözü, doğru anlama hususunda dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli noktalardan birisi, sözün bağlamına dikkat etmektir. Zira anlamın açığa çıktığı asıl yer, içinde bulunduğu bağlamdır. Bu gerçek Kur’an için de geçerlidir. Dolayısıyla ayetlerin doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasında, içinde bulundukları bağlamın göz önünde tutulması son derece önem arz etmektedir.
Kur’an’ın nazil olduğu ilk zamanlardan günümüze kadar, çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı, ayetlerin bağlamından koparılarak anlaşıldığı gerçeği ise karşımızda durmaktadır. Bunun nedenlerinden birinin, Hz. Peygamber (sav) ve sahabenin de kimi zaman, ayetleri bağlam dışında kullanmaları olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Fakat gerek Hz. Peygamber’in, gerekse sahabenin bu tarz anlamalarının genel olarak Kur’an bütünlüğüyle uyum içinde olduğunu, uyum içinde olmayanların ise hem Hz. Peygamber, (sav) hem de sair sahabe tarafından düzeltildiğini söylemek gerekir.Bu çalışmada Peygamberimizin (sav) ve sahabenin ayetleri bağlam dışında kullanma örnekleri üzerinde durulacak ve buradan hareketle en azından İslam ve Kur’an bütünlüğü çerçevesinde bağlam dışı anlamanın imkânına dikkat çekilmeye çalışılacaktır.
The Mechanism for Managing Energy-Efficient Low-Rise Investment and Construction Projects Based on Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Filyushina Kristina
Published: January 2021

The housing issue in Russia today is the most important and currently topical, since there is a great need for new housing, due to the significant number of people who need housing, as well as the need to solve the problem of relocating citizens from the dilapidated (emergency) housing stock. An analysis of the current scientific literature indicates poor knowledge of the issues of investment and construction projects aimed at low-rise housing construction, namely: imperfection of the regulatory framework on the issue under consideration, insufficient literature on low-rise housing construction. A detailed study also requires the issues of organizing the process of low-rise construction, developing the mechanisms for managing low-rise construction, construction of the housing that meets the necessary requirements of availability, safety, comfort, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The article discusses the issues related to evaluating the operational, organizational and investment attractiveness of investment-construction projects of the low-rise construction necessary for development of a mechanism of managing the investment-construction projects on the basis of the public-private partnership in terms of the implementing the project of low-rise housing on the basis of public private partnership for large-scale housing development in the suburbs of Tomsk.
Initiation of a Criminal Case Suggesting Possible Stealing Through Foul Means of the Funds Allocated for Implementation of Investment Projects at Enterprises with Government Capital Sharing
Authors: Gribunov Oleg , Permyakov Andrey
Published: January 2021

Such stage of investigation as verifying a report of a crime or initiation of criminal proceedings has always been a key period in which the basis of the forthcoming investigation and the conditions for its effectiveness are laid. This thesis fully refers to the investigators activity in enquiring fraudulent acts committed against the funds allocated for implementing investment projects, which makes this problem even more relevant in current terms. The article examines the problems faced by law enforcement agencies in checking a report of fraud with regard to the funds allocated for implementing investment projects at enterprises with government capital sharing. On the basis of studying the practical materials, the article makes scientific conclusions and gives recommendations in the field of enquiry methodology for the category of crimes under consideration, which may be useful for persons involved in solution and investigation of such crimes.
On Western Experience of Student Research Activity Organization and on Opportunities for Its Improvement at Baikal State University
Authors: Bobrovaa Ekaterina , Rybalko Svetlana
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to define main disadvantages of current system of research activity at Russian universities, on the basis of analyzing valuable western experience, highlighting the research course content at American universities, as well as considering the biggest drawbacks of national university courses and propose some practical solutions. This paper examines main features of American-based Research Methods courses taught at graduate level, by analyzing their structure, requirements, practice-based assignments, and other aspects. We also provide in-depth analysis of how student research activity is organized within undergraduate system of Russian education, by assessing its main characteristics and challenges. We demonstrate that the main challenge faced by Russian educators is that undergraduate (bachelor / specialist) programs at Russian universities do not provide any core curriculum Research Methods courses while having research paper as the main graduation requirement. We argue that early-on introduction of a specially designated research design course will be to a great advantage for our students as it will establish solid foundation for student research work at sophomore and senior levels. Therefore, we recommend that a basic Research Methods course should be included as a required course at Baikal State University for the majors with term research projects and final graduation research papers.
Problems of the Confectionery Market Development in the City of Irkutsk
Authors: Shagina Yekaterina , Izmailova Diana
Published: January 2021

The article explores some problems of the development of confectionery products market in the city of Irkutsk. Comparative description of the market in the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region based on the analysis of the statistical information is presented. The main trends of the market development are formulated. Based on the author's research and the questionnaire, the preferences, goals of the purchase of confectionery products as well as the factors affecting consumers choice were revealed. The probability degree of factors was analyzed. The main economic entities of the market and their brief characteristics were studied. An expert survey was used to conduct a competitive analysis of the main economic entities of the market and their competitive advantages. Problems of the promotion of confectionery enterprises in the city of Irkutsk were analyzed and solutions were suggested.
Cannabis policing in mid-twentieth century South Africa
Authors: Nkosi Phumla Innocent , Devey Richard , Waetjen Thembisa
Published: January 2021

From 1922, cannabis was policed in South Africa as a "dangerous drug". At mid-century, the United Nations recorded South African cannabis seizures as accounting for more than half of the world's annual recorded totals. This article outlines some main trends in South African cannabis policing between the late 1920s and 1970. It uses quantitative data derived from historical police records to document the impact of a shift in policing strategy - from a focus on possession to a directed targeting of supply - following recommendations made in a 1952 governmental report. Analysis demonstrates how this policy change, along with other factors, impacted arrests and amounts of cannabis seized, by division and district. We situate statistical findings within South Africa's political landscape.
Significance of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: January 2021

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a relatively rare thyroid carcinoma of C-cell deviation and produces and secrete calcitonin (CT) and chromogranin A (CgA) into the blood. Thus, both CT and CgA are immunohistochemical and serum markers for MTCs. MTC occurs in both sporadic and inheritable cases and the hallmark of inheritable cases in multiple endocrine neoplasm 2 (NEN2) is MTC. MEN2 cases represent 30% of MTCs through germline RET protooncogene mutation and occur in younger ages involving bilateral thyroid lobes. Sporadic cases are 70% of cases of solitary tumor and occur in older ages. CgA and synaptophysin (SPY) are the two, most widely used and reliable immunohistochemical markers for neuroendocrine tumors including MTCs. This study aimed to detect different immunohistochemical staining patterns for CgA and SPY between non-symptomatic small, microscopic lesions and invading larger aggressive tumors in both MEA2 cases and sporadic cases. There was different CgA and SPY immunostaining in MEA2 cases where small tumors (≤ 0.3 cm) were lesser immunostained for CgA and SPY, despite strong staining for CT, compared to the larger (≥ 0.5cm) tumors, stronger immunostained for CgA. There was also different CgA and SPY immunohistochemical staining in sporadic cases between small lesion (≤ 0.5 cm) and larger tumors (≥ 1.0cm). One small sporadic tumor (0.5 x 0.3 cm) was strongly and weakly, patchy (about 10% of tumor tissue) stained for CgA and SPY, respectively, while larger sporadic tumors were diffusely, stronger stained for CgA and SPY. Therefore, stronger CgA and SPY immunostaining for larger tumors in both MEA2 and sporadic cases may be used as independent aggressive immunohistochemical markers for MTCs.
Effect on Academic Achievement and Misconceptions of Pre-service Teachers through Combining Different Teaching Methods in a Preschool Science Course
Authors: Akcanca Nur , Cerrah Özsevgeç Lale
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different active teaching techniques on pre-school student teachers' concept learning and academic achievement. The study group consisted of 46 third year pre-school student teachers in a public university. Different active teaching methods were used during the single term Science Course, a compulsory course in the Preschool Programme. The treatment process took ten weeks in total (4 hours per week). The study had both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were collected using a three-tiered science concepts test, and qualitative data were collected through observation by the researcher. The alpha Cronbach values calculated for the test's reliability were 0.642 for Success-1 (S1) and 0.52 for Misconception-3 (MC3) scores. A dependent t-test was used to compare the pre and post-test scores of the pre-school student teachers. The researcher took observation notes during the in-class teaching exercises. The findings revealed that there were significant differences between the student teachers' pre and post-test scores. They understood science concepts signiﬁcantly better by the end of the course. It is concluded that combining different teaching methods enhances science concept understanding among student teachers.  In addition, misconceptions decreased after instruction.
Teachers’ Assessment of Inattentive Classroom Behavior Among Primary School Students in Ilorin City, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajiboye Samuel Kolawole , Adebayo David Obafemi , Abubakar Saidu
Published: January 2021

Inattentive behavior could become unnoticed but it is often a major constraint to effective classroom instruction and students’ performance. This research investigated teachers’ assessment of inattentive classroom behavior among primary school students in Ilorin city, Kwara State, Nigeria. The research is a survey research with the population consisted of 1,568 teachers, while 160 participants were purposively selected. A questionnaire type of instrument was used in the research. The results showed a reliability coefficient of r = 0.81 after conducting the test-retest reliability. The research question was analyzed with descriptive statistics while the hypotheses were tested with t-test and ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. Inattentive classroom behavior was high among primary school students as assessed by teachers. Teachers’ assessment of students’ inattentive behavior was similarly based on gender and qualification but different based on work experience. It was recommended that early childhood education/primary school teachers and counselors as well as other stakeholders in primary education should synergize to mitigate the high level of inattentive classroom behavior among students in order to enhance teaching-learning.
Власть, общество, эксперты – трансформация связей в эпоху цифровых технологий
Authors: Шиповалова Л. В.
Published: January 2021

Экспертное знание является значимым элементом взаимодействия власти и общества в контексте необходимости принятия решений в поле управления. Отношения между тремя элементами этих взаимодействий складываются неоднозначно. В статье рассматривается возможность решения проблемы автономии научных исследований в контексте практик публичной научной коммуникации, конкретнее, в контексте взаимоотношения экспертов, публики и власти. В качестве концептуального основания предлагается использовать модели коммуникации экспертов и власти, описываемые Ю. Хабермасом, среди которых прагматическая модель оказывается перспективной, но недостаточно обоснованной. Автор предлагает произвести конкретизацию данной модели посредством дополнения ее концептом упреждающего управления. Кроме того, цифровые технологии рассматриваются автором не только как средство упреждающего управления, но и как его объект. В статье выдвигается и предварительным образом обосновывается тезис о том, что дизайн упреждающего управления, направленного на цифровые технологии, не только способствует организации диалога научных экспертов, публики и власти, но может служить автономии научных исследований. Предложенный концептуальный синтез прагматической модели взаимодействия экспертов и власти, упреждающего управления и цифровых технологий рассматривается на примере обсуждения применения цифровых технологий в голосовании по значимым социально-политическим проблемам в России. В статье делается вывод о конструктивности такого синтеза относительно практического выявления ситуаций провалов управляемости и сотрудничества различных субъектов управления.
Государственные платформенные сервисы: гражданское участие и институциональное доверие
Authors: Гуринская А. Л. , Мещерякова И. А.
Published: January 2021

Внедрение цифровых технологий в государственное управление является устойчивой тенденцией последних лет: граждане могут не только получить государственные услуги в электронном формате, но и сообщить о волнующих их проблемах жизни района и города, поучаствовать в формировании местного бюджета и проголосовать за то или иное решение в области градостроительства, используя государственные платформенные сервисы.

Вместе с тем нам пока мало что известно о том, насколько граждане готовы использовать имеющиеся платформы, и какие факторы детерминируют эту готовность. В настоящей

работе на основе анализа данных, полученных в результате опроса 570 молодых граждан Санкт-Петербурга в 2019 г., показано, каким образом эта готовность связана с уровнем

институционального доверия. Наряду с этим, оценивается значение и иных возможных предикторов гражданского участия на основе использования цифровых платформ, в том

числе уровня доверия новым технологиям, степени политической вовлеченности и оценки эффективности гражданского участия. На основе полученных выводов даны

рекомендации относительно совершенствования государственной политики в области развития цифровых платформ.
The role of geomedia in building intercultural competence : A qualitative case study within the context of a student exchange program between Austria, Germany and China
Authors: Atteneder Helena , Herdin Thomas
Published: January 2021

Structured student exchange programs are known to foster intercultural competence (IC). We conceptualize IC as a construct that ranges from the individual level to the interactive cultural level, and we complement existing models of intercultural sensitivity and processes of introspection. Several factors may influence IC, such as mediatization, the ubiquity of geomedia, and global economic power shifts – in our case the rising global influence of China. In our long-term, qualitative case study on Austrian/German and Chinese exchange students, we consider geomediatization as a new socio-technological regime that influences processes of social, cultural and physical orientation. The results indicate that, at the level of student exchanges, IC is a process of self-reflection and self-development. Geomedia play a major role in this process: they promise to provide a certain authenticity of experience, and sense of independence and safety, promises that are thwarted by exchange students’ strong platform dependence and reliance on “the bubble”.
Ion currents registration through LCC-channels of the nuclear membrane: a chronobiological aspect
Authors: Tarnopolskaya O. , Kotlyarova A.
Published: January 2021

For seven years of researching the transport systems of nuclear membranes using the patch-clamp method, we observed a certain pattern: in winter, this method's efficiency significantly decreased. Since different seasons are characterized by different light and temperature indicators, we decided to pay attention to the latter's possible impact on the success of the research. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to test the influence of seasonal factors such as changes in daylight hours, temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and cloudiness on the quality of patchclamp recordings of ion currents through the LCC channels of the nuclear membrane of cardiomyocytes and cerebellar Purkinje neurons. We assumed that with decreasing daylength and decreasing temperature, the patch-clamp registrations' qualitative and quantitative indicators also decrease. We applied Pearson's correlation analysis with initial data on daylight hours, meteorological conditions, and calculated progress of registrations (%) for a specific day to test this assumption. Based on the results of this analysis, we found out that there is a direct pronounced linear dependence of the quality and number of registrations on the length of daylight hours (r = 0.6) and temperature (r = 0.6), as well as a weak inverse dependence on cloudiness (r = 0.3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) also confirmed a significantly greater success of registrations performed in the summer compared to the winter of the same year. The obtained results can become the basis for optimizing the research activities of working
groups studying intracellular transport systems' functioning by electrophysiological methods, in particular, patch-clamp.
The impact of ionizing irradiation in vitro on the genome of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the asymptomatic carriers of the 5382insC mutation in the BRCA1 gene
Authors: Romanenko M. , Kurinnyi D. , Demchenko O. , Klymenko S. , Rushkovsky S.
Published: January 2021

One of the hereditary factors affecting the development of breast and ovarian cancer is the 5382insC mutation in BRCA1 gene. But, nearly 15 % of carriers of this mutation do not manifest cancer during their lifetime. At present, the features of the development of spontaneous and induced genomic instability in asymptomatic carriers of BRCA1 mutations are studied insufficiently. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of the 5382insC BRCA1 mutation on the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes of individuals without an established oncopathology. The cultivation of blood lymphocytes obtained from 9 women (3 individuals with the 5382insC BRCA1 mutation without established oncopathology, and 6 conditionally healthy volunteers) was carried out. Some of the cultures were irradiated with γ-quanta (IBL-237C emitter, power 2.34 Gy/min) at a dose of 1.0 Gy before cultivation. For evaluation of the relative level of DNA damage the method of Сomet assay was applied. It was found that spontaneous level of DNA damage in cultures of lymphocytes of carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC mutation was statistically significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in the control group. After exposure to ionizing radiation for lymphocyte cultures of individuals with BRCA1 5382insC mutation, a decrease (p < 0.01) in the level of cells with a high degree of DNA damage was observed while the apoptotic activity was found to be increased (p < 0.01). It has been suggested that an increase in the elimination of damaged cells due to apoptotic activity in response to the
action of genome-damaging factors is one of the effective mechanisms that can significantly reduce the likelihood of cancer in asymptomatic carriers of the BRCA1 gene mutations.
Examining the Role of Gender in Educational Policy Formation: The Case of Campus Sexual Assault Legislation, 2007–2017
Authors: JOHNSON DAVID R. , ZHANG LIANG
Published: January 2021

The persistent problem of sexual assault on college campuses is receiving attention in both the public sphere and state legislatures. Although a considerable body of research examines various aspects of campus sexual assault, such as rates and reporting, scholars have not examined how state characteristics and interstate dynamics influence the policy process related to campus sexual assault. This gap is compounded by an underemphasis on gender in theories of state policy adoption, even as a record number of women serve in state legislatures. Drawing on a data set that captures the introduction and enactment of campus sexual assault legislation between 2007 and 2017, David R. Johnson and Liang Zhang examine in this article how the state policy adoption and diffusion framework explains the introduction and enactment of campus sexual assault policy. The results of their study show that the number of forcible sex offenses at public colleges, the number of female Democrats in state senates, contributions from women’s interest groups, gubernatorial power, Republican influence, and bipartisan sponsorship influence the campus sexual assault policy process, with varying influence across legislative stages. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for researchers interested in policy adoption and gender issues as well as for advocates working on campus sexual assault policy reform.
About vasodilating fibers of the sciatic nerve. Preliminary announcement
Authors: Bystrenin I.
Published: January 2021

The paths along which the vasodilator fibers, after leaving the spinal cord, follow to the distal nerve, have repeatedly attracted the attention of physiologists.
Comparison of the early and long-term results of aortic-coronary bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention with new generation drug-eluting stents in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: IBRAHİMOV Firdovsi , KAYIKÇIOĞLU Latife , SHAHBAZOVA Shafa , ISMAYİLOV Isfendiyar , MUSAYEV Oktay , MUSAYEV Kamran , ELESGERLİ Shahane
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (with new generation drug-eluting stents) who had diabetes mellitus during the course of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective evaluation of 405 diabetic patients admitted with an ACS during the period of 2 years in a single-center. Patients were followed for 5 years. All clinical incidents, such as death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and stent thrombosis were recorded

Results: We examined 405 patients with diabetes out of 1643 patients with ACS. Of these, 183 (45.1%) were included in the PCI group and 222 (54.8%) were in the CABG group. During 5-years follow-up, primary endpoints including death, MI, and stroke were observed in 31 patients (16.9%) in the PCI group and in 33 patients (14.9%) in the CABG group. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of primary endpoints. All-cause mortality during 5-years was observed in 17 patients (9.8%) in the PCI, 20 (9.1%) in the CABG group.

Conclusion: There was no difference in all-cause mortality between the PCI and the CABG groups during 5-year follow-up. Repeated revascularization and myocardial infarction were higher in the PCI group and the stroke rates were higher in the CABG group.
Importance of cytokeratin-20 expression in papillary urothelial neoplasia
Authors: CEYLAN Onur , KARABULUT İbrahim
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the role of Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) expression in the diagnosis of papillary urothelial neoplasms of the bladder, and its relationship with histological grade, recurrence and other prognostic factors.

Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with papillary urothelial neoplasm of bladder transurethral resection (TUR) specimens between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 136 selected patients, 32 (24%) were diagnosed with urothelial papilloma, 8 (6%) with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 36 (26%) with low grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGNIPUC), 12 (9%) with high grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGNIPUC) and 48 (35%) were diagnosed with high grade invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGIPUC). There was no patient diagnosed with LGIPUC. The correlation between CK20 expression and histological grade, tumor recurrence, presence of progression and presence/absence of invasion was investigated.

Results: There was a significant difference between PUNLMP and LGNIPUK in terms of CK20 expression in favor of LGNIPUK. Also there was a significant correlation between histological grade, presence of invasion, recurrence, progression and CK20 expression in patients diagnosed with Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm.

Conclusion: This study supports that CK20 is an important marker in the differentiation between PUNLMP and LGNIPUC, as well as in the determination of histological grade in urothelial carcinomas.
Comparison of theory of mind abilities in adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: DAĞDELEN Fatih
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the theory of mind skills among children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.

Materials and Methods: Two groups of patients aged between 12-16 years who were diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria were included in the study. A detailed form was used for evaluating sociodemographic characteristics and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-R) for assessing cognitive functions of patients. In order to evaluate psychopathologies, Schedule For Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia For School-Age Children-present and lifetime version was applied. Theory of mind skills were examined with false belief tests, reading the mind in the eyes task and hinting task.

Results: Adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder group showed poorer performance than adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder in the first and second level theory of mind tests adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder group had significantly lower scores of reading the mind in the eyes task than adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Conlusion: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder had differences in theory of mind skills and that theory of mind skills should be reviewed with new methods in addition to the existing methods for diagnosis and treatment.
Incidence of colorectal cancer and survival rates of older patients in Turkey, 2002 – 2016: a population - based registry study
Authors: DİRİCAN Oya , HÜLÜR Ünal
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and survival rates of advanced colorectal cancer patients using data from 2002 to 2016 of the Antalya Provincial Health Directorate Cancer Registry Center.

Materials and Methods: The incidence and survival rates of cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer were calculated by using the community-based Cancer Registry Center records that actively collect data from the field within the Antalya Provincial Health Directorate.

Results: In Antalya, between 2002 and 2016, the overall incidence was found to be 19.5 per hundred thousand for women and 11.6 per hundred thousand for men. At the time of diagnosis, 75.0% of the cases have passed the localized phase, and 25.0% show distant spread. The overall survival time was 6.0 ± 0.1 years, and patients aged < 65 years old at diagnosis had a relatively longer survival time. The colon cancer and moderately differentiated groups had a higher 10-year cumulative survival. Patients aged < 65 years old at diagnosis had a better prognosis (1.25 times) than older patients, and patients treated surgically had a better prognosis (7.53 times) than those treated with other treatments.

Conclusion: According to our study results, the stage of colorectal cancer is more advanced at the time of diagnosis in Antalya, and therefore there is less chance of surgical treatment that extends the survival time more. Early diagnosis gains importance as the type of treatment during diagnosis affects its prognosis.
Use of integrative medicines by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and its relation with hopelessness levels
Authors: MUZ Gamze , ERAT Ayser , ŞAMDANLI Şeydanur , YAVUZER Nisa
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Increase in chronic diseases significantly increases the use of integrative medicines in symptom management. This study aims to determine the use of integrative medicines and the levels of hopelessness of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a chest disease services with 259 COPD’s patients. Data were collected with the Questionnaire Form and Beck’s Hopelessness Scale. Results: Of the participants, the most common integrative medicine was herbal methods (66.2%). The hopelessness level of the group using integrative medicine was high, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The participants received information about the use of integrative methods from TV, radio and magazine and used integrative methods in symptom management.

Conclusion: The most common integrative medicine used was herbal methods. In addition, level of hopelessness did not affect integrative medicine’s usage. The results of such findings are to identify the causes of integrative medicine use and to ensure education for healthcare professionals.
Desarrollo de un modelo de predicción de infección mayor posterior a cirugía cardiaca pediátrica
Authors: Jauregui Alfredo M. , Urrunaga Paula V. , Gonzales Juan A. , Silva Luis E. , Pasupuleti Vinay , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Hernandez Adrian V. , Silva Eduardo W.
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de predicción de riesgo para infección posoperatoria mayor (IPM) a cirugía cardiaca pediátrica y validar el de la Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Materiales y métodos: Se analizó una cohorte retrospectiva de 1025 niños sometidos a cirugía cardiaca con circulación extracorpórea (CEC) del 2000 al 2010. Se empleó un modelo de regresión logística y se validó el modelo. Resultados: De los 1025 pacientes, 59 (5,8%) tuvieron al menos un episodio de IPM (4,8% sepsis, 1% mediastinitis, 0% endocarditis). La mortalidad hospitalaria (63% vs. 13%; p 0,001), al igual que la duración de la ventilación posoperatoria (301,6 vs. 34,3 horas; p 0,001) y la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (20,9 vs. 5,1 días; p 0,001) fueron mayores en los pacientes con IPM. Los factores predictores fueron: edad, sexo, peso, cardiopatía cianótica, RACHS-1 3-4, clase funcional IV modificada por Ross, estancia hospitalaria previa y antecedente de ventilación mecánica. El modelo tuvo un c-estadístico de 0,80 (intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95%: 0,74-0,86) y es clínicamente útil. El modelo de la STS mostró un c-estadístico de 0,78 (IC 95%: 0,71-0,84) y Hosmer-Lemeshow de 18,2 (p = 0,020). Se realizó una comparación entre ambos modelos empleando una prueba exacta de Fisher. Conclusión: Se desarrolló un modelo para identificar preoperatoriamente a niños con alto riesgo de infección grave después de una cirugía cardiaca con CEC con buen desempeño y calibración. Asimismo, se validó el modelo de la STS con moderada discriminación.
Resultados materno-perinatales de gestantes peruanas en Chile: Exploración del efecto del migrante sano
Authors: Ortiz Contreras Jovita , Carroza Escobar María Begoña , Quiroz-Carreño Jael , Díaz Navarrete Marcela , Araya Bannout Marcela
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: Comparar indicadores materno-perinatales entre gestantes chilenas y peruanas en Santiagode Chile entre enero y julio del 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en 1578 chilenasy 318 peruanas atendidas en un hospital clínico de Santiago. Se realizó un análisis comparativo delas variables materno-perinatales por nacionalidad. Se realizaron modelos logísticos crudos y ajustadoscon sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Las gestantes peruanas residían en promedio5,7 años en Chile, tenían más edad (28,1 ± 6,5 vs. 26,6 ± 6,5 años), menos desocupación (52,3% vs.60,6%), más probabilidad de ingreso tardío al control prenatal (CP) (OR: 2,17, IC 95%: 1,69-2,78) y detener anemia (OR: 3,45, IC 95%: 2,13-5,56) asociada al ingreso tardío a CP (OR ajustado: 0,43, IC95%:0,33-0,56). Las gestantes chilenas tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de obesidad al ingreso al CP (OR:2,48 IC 95%: 1,81-3,41) y al parto (OR: 2,03, 1,57-2,62). Así como, de diabetes gestacional (DG) (OR:2,12, IC 95%: 1,24-3,61), parto prematuro (OR: 2,82, IC 95%: 1,59-5,01) e hijos con bajo peso al nacer(BPN) (OR: 3,10, IC 95%: 1,51-6,33). En el modelo ajustado la obesidad se asoció en forma independientea la DG (OR ajustado: 3,8, IC 95%: 2,44-6,18) y al BPN (OR ajustado: 3,34, IC95%: 2,33-4,85). Conclusiones:El efecto del migrante sano se observa en gestantes inmigrantes peruanas, principalmente enresultados perinatales. Es necesario favorecer el ingreso precoz a la atención prenatal, prevenir la anemiay la obesidad, para evitar resultados materno-perinatales adversos en esta población.
formalização da percepção da vogal baixa nasalizada do espanhol à luz do modelo BiPhon
Authors: Brisolara Luciene Bassols , Matzenauer Carmen Lúcia Barreto , Azevedo Roberta Quintanilha
Published: January 2021

Uma perspectiva formal está no foco deste artigo que visa discutir e representar a percepção da nasalização da vogal /a/ em determinados contextos nasais, fenômeno de alofonia no espanhol, que pode ser fonológico ou alofônico no português. O suporte empírico está em dados de 9 nativos da língua, de Montevidéu, e de 15 brasileiros aprendizes de espanhol como língua estrangeira. Os dados de percepção, aqui aproveitados dos estudos de Brisolara e Matzenauer (2018a, 2018b), foram obtidos em Teste de Identificação, elaborado no software TP (RAUBER et al., 2012). A menor acuidade dos uruguaios na identificação de vogais nasalizadas, em comparação aos brasileiros, atribuída ao caráter estritamente alofônico do fenômeno no espanhol, foi captada e formalizada no Modelo Bidirecional de Processamento e de Gramática - BiPhon (BOERSMA, 2006, 2007; BOERSMA; HAMANN, 2009), que integra a Teoria da Otimidade Estocástica. Como a percepção, segundo o BiPhon, tem o papel de mapear a representação fonética contínua para uma estrutura de superfície fonológica discreta, o fenômeno da percepção da nasalização da vogal /a/ no espanhol foi formalizado de modo que representou, pela interação entre Restrições de Pista e de Estrutura, a diferença da gramática dos brasileiros enquanto aprendizes de espanhol em relação à gramática dos uruguaios: o peso das Restrições de Estrutura *VORALN e *Vnasal foi decisivo na especificação de cada uma das duas gramáticas, sendo que a proximidade dos valores centrais das Restrições de Estrutura e de Pista representou a presença de variação nos dados de percepção tanto de uruguaios, como de brasileiros.
Prenomes cristãos
Authors: Seide Márcia Sipavicius
Published: January 2021

O estudo exploratório apresentado ao longo deste artigo foca a antroponímia cristã, isto é, o conjunto de nomes próprios de pessoas que apresentam significado etimológico cristão e/ou estão relacionados à história do cristianismo e às religiões cristãs. Objetiva-se apresentar uma investigação preliminar sobre a existência, a constituição, a caracterização etimológica de repertório de nomes cristãos e o conhecimento onomástico acerca deles por parte de falantes do oeste do Paraná, especificamente, de alunos e professores de um curso de graduação ofertado por uma universidade pública da região. A análise do repertório antroponímico dos prenomes dos respondentes mostrou que quase a metade desses nomes está relacionada ao cristinanismo.Este resultado confirma a importância cultural e histórica da análise diacrônica dos prenomes.Outro resultado foi alcançado mediante análise das informações fornecidas por portadores desses nomes e de quem os atribuiu a seus filhos: eles sabem a motivação que resultou na escolha de seus nomes, porém. Verificou-se, contudo, que há pouca convergência entre o significado e a motivação para a escolha dos nomes religiosos, tendo em vista que apenas um em cada quatro prenomes religiosos foi escolhido por motivação religiosa.
The Choice for Intermediate Forces in Mexico. The Process of Creation of the Mexican Gendarmerie
Authors: Moloeznik Marcos Pablo
Published: January 2021

El proceso de militarización de la seguridad pública en México se presenta bajo dos modalidades: la participación directa de las fuerzas armadas en la dimensión de la seguridad interior y la apuesta por las denominadas fuerzas intermedias o policías militarizadas. A lo largo de esta contribución se lleva a cabo una revisión del proceso de creación de la División de la Gendarmería en la policía federal que responde a esta segunda vertiente.
Programy automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy jako instrument polityki wypłaty dywidendy w spółce akcyjnej
Authors: Kuciński Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Uzasadnienie teoretyczne: Zagadnienie programów automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy jest rzadko poruszane w polskiej literaturze, brak jest całościowych opracowań dotyczących programów automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy. Zagadnienie to najczęściej pojawia się przy omawianiu narzędzi polityki dywidendy.

Cel artykułu: Przedstawienie założeń programów (planów) automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy, które mogą stanowić narzędzie polityki wypłaty dywidendy w spółce akcyjnej, a także dokonanie analizy programów automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy oferowanych przez 30 amerykańskich spółek reprezentujących Dow Jones Industrial Average Index.

Metody badawcze: W opracowaniu wykorzystano jako metody badawcze analizę literatury oraz analizę dokumentów (broszur) opisujących programy automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy.

Główne wnioski: Programy automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy zostały wdrożone przez wszystkie spółki wchodzące w skład Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. Znaczna część analizowanych programów zalicza się do grupy tzw. bezpłatnych programów reinwestycji dywidendy (No-Fee Dividend Reinvestment Programs). Z dokonanych obserwacji wynika, że często programy automatycznej reinwestycji dywidendy uzupełniane są o dodatkowe programy zakupu akcji, określane jako Optional Cash Purchase Plans (OCPs) lub Stock Purchase Plans (SPPs).
Is There a Link between User Charges and Expenditures on Public Kindergartens in Poland?
Authors: Będzieszak Marcin
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to assess the link between user charges and expenditures on the service on the example of public kindergartens in Poland. The rationale behind the paper is that implementation of user charges for public service results in effiient use of resources and leads to the passing-on of expenditure increase to consumers. To achieve the aim, three methods were used, namely weighed-least-squares, fixed effect and random effect method. The empirical analysis based on a panel data set for 65 large Polish cities in the years 2012–2018 showed that about 10–25% of an expenditure increase is passed on to consumers in terms of higher user charge. Moreover, user charge financing has a significant negative effect on the unit cost. An increase in the share of user charges in expenditures by 10 pp causes a decrease in expenditure at the level of 2.5–5.0%.