bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Party Discipline at National Congress in Latin American Federal Systems: the Role of Governors in Argentina
Authors: Anibal Coronel Alejandro , Zamichiei Bernardo Javier
Published: November 2023

¿Cómo afectan los gobernadores a la disciplina partidaria en el Congreso Nacional? En este artículo, evaluamos la influencia del gobernador en el comportamiento del legislador nacional, en el contexto de un Estado federal como la Argentina. Por medio de un análisis de las votaciones nominales, determinamos que los gobernadores sí influyen en el comportamiento de los legisladores de tal modo que, cuando se mantienen unánimes respecto de su postura en un tema en particular, la disciplina es más fuerte que cuando presentan opiniones en conflicto, más aún entre diputados que entre senadores. Los hallazgos refuerzan la importancia encubierta de considerar a los gobernadores como un actor clave en la relación Ejecutivo- Legislativo y la disciplina partidaria.Palabras clave: Gobernadores; Relaciones Ejecutivo-Legislativo; IT (Índice de Independencia- Territorialidad); Disciplina Partidaria; Territorialidad.
Temas and Anathemas: Depoliticization and “Newspeak” in Cuba's Social Sciences and Humanities
Authors: Grenier Yvon
Published: November 2023

Desde el triunfo de la revolución, el gobierno cubano se han esforzado para despolitizar la sociedad, “achicando” el lenguaje utilizado para hablar de política. La intuición nos viene de la novela de Orwell 1984, en la que la “ neolengua “ se explica como un proyecto a largo plazo de reducción del lenguaje y de disminución del alcance del pensamiento . El artículo examina una fuente estratégica de la producción del lenguaje , el ámbito académico, y analisa un ejemplo evidente de “reducción”: la terminación de la ciencia política como disciplina en Cuba bajo el régimen de Castro. Como sustituto a la ciencia política, lo que encontramos en Cuba son blandas ciencias sociales y humanidades que hablan de política y de administración pública, pero no de poder. Este artículo examina con detenimiento el trabajo del cientista social Rafael Hernández y de la revista Temas (1995- ), de la que es director.Palabras clave: Cuba, intelectuales, universidades, ciencias sociales, dictadura.
Dependencia fiscal, control partidario de los gobiernos locales y desempeño en elecciones federales en México
Authors: Armesto Alejandra
Published: November 2023

¿Qué efectos tiene el control del gobierno sobre el desempeño en elecciones de otros niveles de gobierno en sistemas multinivel con desequilibrios fiscales? En sistemas donde los políticos locales dependen de niveles más altos de gobierno para acceder a recursos, en elecciones nacionales, los votantes tienen incentivos para votar por los aliados de los políticos locales para alinear los gobiernos. Un análisis de las elecciones en México (1991- 2009) muestra que el control partidario del gobierno local impacta positivamente en el desempeño en elecciones legislativas federales y que este efecto se intensifica a medida que la dependencia fiscal del municipio aumenta.Palabras clave: Sistemas multinivel, dependencia fiscal, control del gobierno local, elecciones nacionales, regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas.
El estudio del cambio de políticas en el campo de Política Pública
Authors: Del Castillo Alemán Gloria
Published: November 2023

El propósito de este texto introductorio al Dossier de Policy Change es ofrecer elementos para ordenar y mapear la discusión en torno al cambio de políticas. La organización del texto es la que sigue: primero, se aborda cuáles son las aproximaciones teóricas que contribuyen a dar cuenta del “boom” de la producción en el campo de política pública y cuáles son los rasgos distintivos de cada una; en seguida, se pretende mapear el cambio de políticas desde la perspectiva de los estudios de políticas (policy studies), donde se distinguen, al menos tres aproximaciones preponderantes: dinámica de políticas (policy dynamics); aprendizaje de políticas (policy learning) y cambio de políticas (policy change). Para finalizar, se ofrecen algunas ideas conclusivas en torno al cambio de políticas a la luz de establecer algunas líneas para una agenda futura de investigación.Palabras clave: estudio de políticas, cambio de políticas, dinámica de políticas, aprendizaje de políticas
China’s Quest in the South and East China Sea: The Struggle Between Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism
Authors: Llanos Antczak Ania
Published: November 2023

El tema de las disputas territoriales en Asia, en particular los argumentos del Mar de China Meridional y Oriental, no es nada nuevo en la región. En estos días, la comunidad internacional ha seguido de cerca la situación porque el desacuerdo en las discusiones ha provocado un gran retroceso en las relaciones bilaterales entre los disputantes, así como en la estabilidad de la región. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar el problema desde tres perspectivas teóricas: realismo, liberalismo y constructivismo y responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál de los tres paradigmas proporciona las mejores herramientas teóricas para explicar las acciones asertivas de China en el Mar de China Meridional y Oriental? Aunque todas las teorías conrtibuyen a comprender el problema, al parecer el constructivismo, relacionado con la teoría de las metanarrativas, ofrece las mejores soluciones sin simplificaciones evidentes.Palabras clave: China, Mar de China Meridional, Mar de China Oriental, realismo, liberalismo, constructivismo
Demoliendo intuiciones: la influencia de los gobernadores sobre los legisladores nacionales. Estudio empírico en la Argentina desde la perspectiva de sus protagonistas
Authors: Coronel Alejandro Aníbal , Zamichei Bernardo
Published: November 2023

Últimamente, la Ciencia Política argentina ha comenzado a hacer foco sobre la influencia de los gobernadores sobre los legisladores nacionales. En general, estas investigaciones han dado por cierta la influencia de los gobernadores, bien por vía “intuitivista”, bien por medición de votaciones nominales. Pero ninguna de ellas dio cuenta de la perspectiva propia de los actores involucrados. Los diputados nacionales, ¿se consideran a sí mismos influenciados por los gobernadores al votar proyectos de ley? ¿Y cuánto? Dichas preguntas son respondidas en este artículo, con base en la Encuesta de Política Subnacional 2016, efectuada a diputados nacionales argentinos. Los resultados complementan las investigaciones precedentes de manera novedosa: utilizando la perspectiva del mismo objeto de estudio (el legislador nacional).Palabras clave: Gobernadores; Ejecutivo-Legislativo; Subnacional; Política legislativa; Argentina
De Progresa-Oportunidades-Prospera a las Becas Benito Juárez: un análisis preliminar de los cambios en la política social en el sexenio 2018-2024 en México
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Katya
Published: November 2023

El artículo contrasta por un lado el programa de política social Progresa-Oportunidades-Prospera, que había operado con una gran continuidad por más de veinte años en México y diversas administraciones, con los que lo sustituyen: los programas de becas para el bienestar del sexenio 2018-2024 para conocer si el diseño de los nuevos programas mejora las limitaciones del programa Prospera, o simplemente se constituyeron en un cambio arbitrario que no toma en consideración los conocimientos en el combate a la pobreza que ya se habían generado desde la operación de dicho programa.Palabras clave: Política social, Programa Prospera, Programa de Becas para el Bienestar, México. Abstract The paper compares the social policy program Progresa- Oportunidades- Prospera through twenty years of operation in Mexico with the new programs of scholarships “becas para el bienestar” implemented by the administration 2018-2024, to know if the new social programs improves the design of the former Prospera program, or it is just an arbitrary change without taking into account the knowledge generated from social policy in the past.Key words: Social Policy, Prospera program, Becas para el bienestar program, Mexico
Trends in agroforestry research over 4 decades
Authors: Hastings Silao Zoe , Ocloo Xorla S. , Chapman Melissa , Hunt Lauren , Stenger Katelyn
Published: November 2023

Agroforestry has a high potential to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation as a nature-based climate solution and is increasingly included as a climate strategy in international agreements and national plans. Yet, how to equitably increase and sustain agroforestry on the scale needed to meet these targets remains unclear. Examining broad trends in the existing 4 decades of agroforestry literature can highlight gaps and opportunities for future research that enables agroforestry transitions. Using text analytics and a full-text, corpus-based approach, we analyzed changes in word use in 9,664 agroforestry research articles and reports published between 1980 and 2020 with regard to 4 key themes of the social dimensions of agroforestry transitions: (1) agreements and policies; (2) scales and decision-making agents; (3) knowledge, culture, and equity; and (4) frameworks and methods. We then compared the frequency of these themes in research articles and reports. Despite the most frequently used terms across all 4 decades being primarily ecological (e.g., forest, species, soil), the lexicon of agroforestry literature has expanded to incorporate more social, economic, and political elements (e.g., livelihood, knowledge, community) over time, and as agroforestry has become more central to climate change adaptation and mitigation targets. Trends in the frequency of several terms (e.g., biodiversity, development, climate) corresponded with the signing of intergovernmental agreements, illustrating the responsiveness of the field to global priorities. Reports had a higher frequency of terms related to social themes than research articles. We discuss the implications of these emergent trends and opportunities for future research in support of sustainable and just agroforestry transitions.
The interaction between Co and Mn ions on the magnetic frustration and the inducement of the double-exchange mechanism in hole-doped La0.6Dy0.1Ca0.3Co1-xMnxO3 (x = 0–1.0) cobaltite
Authors:   INTEC Education College, 40200 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Ahmad N. , Rajmi R. ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Perlis,Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia, Mohamed Z. ,   School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the interaction between Co and Mn ions on spin state behaviour and magnetic frustration in hole-doped La0.6Dy0.1Ca0.3Co1-xMnxO3 (x = 0–1.0) cobaltite. It aims to understand the inducement of the double-exchange (DE) mechanism in this system. The samples were synthesised using the conventional solid-state synthesis method, and their crystal structure and magnetic properties were analysed. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed that La0.6Dy0.1Ca0.3Co1-xO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.2) samples had rhombohedral crystals structure with R c − 3 space group. An orthorhombic (Pbnm) perovskite structure was observed for the La0.6Dy0.1Ca0.3Co1-xMnxO3 (x = 0.4 –1.0) accompanied by increasing cell volume in the samples as the substitution level of Mn increases. Temperature dependence of resistivity ρ(T) shows semiconducting behaviour in the whole temperature and composition range of x = 0.0–0.8. However, further substitution with x = 0.9 and x = 1.0 give remarkable induced MI behaviour where the MI transition temperature (TMI) increased from 75 K and 132 K, respectively. The result suggests that Mn ions play an important role in the magnetic properties of the cobaltite, and the system can be tuned by adjusting the Mn concentration.
Adsorption property and kinetic studies of activated carbon fibers prepared from tissues by CO2 activation
Authors:   Anhui Conch Design and Research Institute of Building Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241070, China, Zhang Z. J. , Li J. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China, Li Z. Q. ,   Anhui Conch Design and Research Institute of Building Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241070, China, Li B. L. ,   Faculty of Architecture Civil Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223001, China, Xing N. N. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Published: November 2023

Well-developed micro and mesoporous activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with fiber structure were prepared from tissue by CO2 activation. The XRD patterns and Raman spectrum indicated ACFs had a graphitic and amorphous structure. The SEM results indicated that the sample exhibited fiber structure with lots of mesoporous, with an average pore size of 2-5 nm. The specific surface area of 1517 m2 /g, micro surface area of 412.9 m2 /g, and total pore volume of 1.194 cm3 /g were obtained at 900°C with CO2 activation for 2 hours. ACFs showed relatively high methylene blue adsorption properties with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 526 mg/g. The kinetic model of the Pseudo-second-order equation was more suitable for MB adsorption than the Pseudo-first-order equation and Intraparticle diffusion kinetics, with a high correlation coefficient value (R>0.999). The present research provided a new idea of bionics for the manufacture of ACFs and brought forward a creative prospect for achieving energy-related CO2 emissions to net-zero and mitigating global warming.
Structure and optical properties of polyaniline-based hybrid nanocomposites by chemical oxidative method
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq, Salih H. A. , Ali G. G. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq, Uonis M. M. ,   New and Renewable Energies Department, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Published: November 2023

Titanium - polyaniline nanocomposites were prepared using polymerization of aniline. Structure (XRD), surface (SEM, AFM), chemical (FTIR) and optical (UVSpectrophotometer) properties have been examined. The X-ray diffraction pattern observed the PANI/TiO2 has a crystalline nature and the peak intensity increases with TiO2 composition ratio, the results of SEM &AFM images show the surface of TiO2- polyaniline have regular distribution and homogeneous structure. Furthermore, the grain size increases with increasing of TiO2 compositions and was found to be 32.58nm, 36.21nm and 47.67 nm at x= 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 respectively. Additionally, optical properties show that the absorption intensity increases with TiO2 compositions compared to pure TiO2. Hybrid of TiO2/PANI has a vast attracted attention especially to improve photocatalytic activity. Simple design and high quality of nanocomposites play a crucial role in improving mechanical and physical properties.
Impact of the PI3K-alpha inhibitor alpelisib on everolimus resistance and somatostatin receptor expression in an orthotopic pancreatic NEC xenograft mouse model
Authors: Mohan Ajay-Mohan , Prasad Sonal , Schmitz-Peiffer Fabian , Lange Catharina , Lukas Mathias , Koziolek Eva J , Albrecht Jakob , Messroghli Daniel , Stein Ulrike , Ilmer Matthias , Wang Katharina , Schober Laura , Reul Astrid , Maurer Julian , Friemel Juliane , Weber Achim , Zuellig Richard A , Hantel Constanze , Fritsch Ralph , Reincke Martin , Pacak Karel , Grossman Ashley B , Auernhammer Christoph J , Beuschlein Felix , Brenner Winfried , Beindorff Nicola , Nölting Svenja
Published: November 2023

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor everolimus is one of the few approved therapies for locally advanced and metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). However, after initial disease stabilisation, most patients develop resistance within 1 year. Our aim was to overcome resistance to everolimus by additional treatment with the PI3K-alpha inhibitor alpelisib in an everolimus-resistant orthotopic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma xenograft mouse model. Female SCID mice underwent laparoscopic pancreatic transplantation of everolimus-sensitive (BON1KDMSO) or everolimus-resistant (BON1RR2) NET cells. Both groups were further divided into four treatment groups: placebo, everolimus, alpelisib, and everolimus + alpelisib (combination). Oral treatment was started at a tumour volume of approximately 140 mm3 and continued until 1900–2000 mm3, validated by weekly MRI. Somatostatin receptor expression and tumour viability were analysed by 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Everolimus resistance of the BON1RR2 tumours was confirmed. In the everolimus-sensitive group, everolimus alone, alpelisib alone, and combination treatment significantly prolonged survival, compared to placebo, while in the BON1RR2 group, only combination treatment significantly prolonged survival compared to placebo, but neither everolimus nor alpelisib alone. Placebo-treated everolimus-sensitive tumours grew more rapidly (median survival 45 days), compared to placebo-treated everolimus-resistant tumours (60 days). Within the everolimus-sensitive group, the combination-treated mice showed the longest median survival (52 days). Of all groups, the everolimus-resistant combination-treated group survived longest (69 days). Combination treatment with everolimus and alpelisib seems promising to overcome everolimus resistance in neuroendocrine neoplasms, and should be further examined in a clinical trial.
A Vegetable Oil-based Green Process for the Membrane Extraction of Ionic Solutes
Authors: Hossain M.
Published: November 2023

Extraction or removal of the polluting components can be accomplished by a variety of physical, chemical and biological methods. Solvent extraction has demonstrated as one of the promising methods to accomplish the extraction or removal of ions more or less selectively from the source streams. The processes, especially when operated in membrane modules, have been successful and effective in reducing the pollutant concentration. In the development of these processes in to industrial operations the solvents (or the extracting phase) used or recommended in the literature are from non-sustainable source, they have undesirable properties (toxic, corrosive and health and safety issues). In recent years there have been research work to examine the feasibility of other solvents from sustainable sources and with good characteristics to overcome or minimize some of the above adverse effects. In this paper, the effectiveness of sunflower oil (as a model for vegetable oil), is described in extraction (or removal) of a polluting component in a small-scale membrane contactor. The components are: chromate ion and ammonium ion and the process is developed using a carrier molecule (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate for ammonium and Aliquat 336 for chromate) in sunflower oil. The removal percentages are very good (in the range of 43-99%) and obtained at their natural conditions (with no chemical added for the adjustment of pH) of the aqueous feed. The main attraction of the process is the good performance of sunflower oil, which can be considered a â€œgreenâ€ solvent system as it has the benefit of being environmentally friendly, less costly, non-toxic and sustainable.
Supported Liquid Membrane Composed of Tertiary or/and Quaternary Amine for the Extraction of Lactic Acid
Authors: B.S. Chanukya B.S. Chanukya , Rastogi Navin K.
Published: November 2023

The present work deals with the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solution, fermentation broth and buttermilk by supported liquid membrane. The mixed amine extractant system of tertiary amine (Tri-octyl-amine) and quaternary amine (AliquatTM 336) in xylene was used in the supported liquid membrane The parameters such as effect of mixed amine extractant system, its ratios and concentration, stirring speed, strip: feed phase volume, and solute permeability as well as extraction efficiencies were calculated. The extraction of lactic acid from fermentation broth using standardised supported liquid membrane conditions showed 17.3% and 31.9% extraction with deionized water and Na2CO3 solutionas the strip phase respectively and from buttermilk: 67 and 65.9% extraction with deionized water and Na2CO3 solution as the strip phase, respectively. The present study demonstrates the potential of supported liquid membrane composed of a combination of tertiary amine and quaternary amine as carriers for lactic acid extraction from aqueous and real systems.
Development of PEBAX Based Membrane for Gas Separation: A Review
Authors: Wahab M.S. Abdul , Sunarti A.R.
Published: November 2023

Polymer is among the favorite materials used for membrane separation as they are cheap, easily cast, low maintenance cost and commercially easy to get eventhough the material needs to be altered to meet the separation industry specific needs. There are two common issues in membrane preparation which are the produced sheet are too brittle and has no strength to withstand pressure during separation process and the porosity of the sheet sometimes not suitable with the gas kinetic diameter for the separation to occur. PEBAX or Poly ether block amide is the answer for the issues as this elastomer provides good mechanical strength from the hard segment of the crystalline poly amide block while the soft polyether will drive the separation process. This unique material can be casted either by phase inversion of the PEBAX itself with other polymer or by coating them on the other polymer substrate.
Development of aptness in senior preschoolers in the process of sports and movable games
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Titarenko Svitlana , Babаchuk Yuliya ,   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes studies on the problem of developing aptness in older preschool children in the process of sports and movable games. It is noted that games with elements of sports are one of the effective means of physical improvement, the formation of motor skills in preschool children, as well as motor abilities, amenity, in particular. The interpretation of motor aptness as the ability to hit the target in any manipulation of the subject is presented. In preschoolers, the aptness can be determined by throwing the ball at the target, scoring it at the gate or rolling, throwing the ball to the target. You can develop aptness with the help of mobile games, ball games and sports games. It is noted that the aptness is closely related to the eye. Also important prerequisites for the development of aptness are orientation in space and coordination of movements, the ability to coordinate their movements with the tasks set for the child. It was established that the aptness has the following components: acceptance ofposture; aiming; breathing and other vegetative systems; the final effort. The criteria for the study of the level of accuracy development in senior preschoolers (quantity, accuracy and speed) have been developed. The general level of aptness development in older preschool children is determined. The system of work on the development of aptness among senior preschoolers by means of sports and movable games has been developed. In the implementation process of this work system, the following principles were taken into account: emotionality, accessibility, taking into account the previous gaming experience of children, individualization, differentiation. The effectiveness of the proposed system of work on the development of aptness among senior preschoolers inthe process of sports and movable games has been tested. It was established that sports and movable games are an effective means of developing aptness in children of older preschool age.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИФУЗІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПІД ЧАС НАСИЧЕННЯ ПЛОДІВ КАБАЧКА ЦУКРОЗОЮ З ВОДНОГО РОЗЧИНУ
Authors: Гузьова Ірина О.
Published: November 2023

Важливим фактором для впровадження нових технологій в харчову промисловість є визначення ефективних коефіцієнтів дифузії, а також прогнозування процесів насичення плодів овочів та фруктів розчиненими речовинами, отримання математичних моделей, які описують процеси масоперенесення в тканинах рослин. Такі моделі необхідно розробляти з метою легкого використання та застосування в широкій області обробки харчових продуктів. Під мікроскопом досліджені сирі та бланшовані зрізи плодів кабачка, проаналізована поверхня міжклітинного простору зрізів, визначена пористість поверхні сирого та бланшованого плодів кабачка в процесі масоперенесення. Розроблена лабораторна установка для дослідження процесів насичення плодів кабачка цукрозою з водного розчину в умовах барботажу розчину повітрям. Експериментально отримані кінетичні характеристики, на основі яких виявлені дві області насичення плодів кабачка цукрозою: зовнішньодифузійна та внутрішньодифузійна області. Знайдений час насичення плодів в зовнішньодифузійній області. На основі першого закону Фіка визначені ефективні коефіцієнти дифузії процесу насичення окремо для зовнішньодифузійної та внутрішньодифузійної областей. Доведено, що ефективні коефіцієнти дифузії для зовнішньодифузійної області зростають зі збільшенням швидкості подачі повітря на барботаж, а ефективні коефіцієнти дифузії для внутрішньодифузійної області не залежать від неї. На основі другого закону Фіка виведені рівняння для теоретичного розрахунку залежності зміни концентрації цукрози в плодах кабачка від часу. Для зовнішньодифузійної області такі рівняння носять лінійний характер, а для внутрішньодифузійної – експоненційний. Отримані теоретичні залежності можуть бути використані для проектування, інтенсифікації та оптимізації роботи установки насичення плодів рослинної сировини розчиненими речовинами, яка може бути використана в промислових масштабах.
ЗОЛОШЛАКОВІ ВІДХОДИ ТЕПЛОВИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ,ЯК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНА СИРОВИНА СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Хлопицький Олексій О. , Коваленко Ігор Л. , Фролова Лілія А. , Скиба Маргарита І. , Макарченко Наталія П.
Published: November 2023

В даній роботі розглянуті можливості комплексної переробки золошлакових відходів теплових електростанцій. Робота містить технологічні дані кислотної, лужної та фторидної переробок золо шлаків. Встановлений хімічний склад золошлакових відходів Дніпропетровського регіону. Встановлено, що при використанні кислотної технології переробки мінеральними кислотами, обов’язковою умовою є попередня магнітна сепарація. Вилуговування одержаної магнітної та немагнітної фракцій проводять при 105оС впродовж 2 годин. При цьому більш повне вилучення спостерігається з магнітної фракції. Додатково можливо вилучити рідкі та розсіяні елементи. Встановлено, що при лужній технології переробки можна використовувати широкий перелік лужний сполук на основі натрію. При цьому можна вилучити скандій, галій та глинозем. Температура процесу 50оС впродовж 2годин. Встановлено, що для більш повної переробки відходів процес спікання проводять при 1400-1500оС. Залишок при лужній переробці знаходить своє застосування у будівництві. Встановлено, що при використанні фторидної технології переробки золошлаків алюмосилікатні сполуки піддаються більш повній переробці завдяки вилученню кремнію, що дає можливість поступово одержати із відходів алюміній та залізо.
НОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ. ШТУЧНЕ М’ЯСО, ЯК НОВЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО БІЛКОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ У ХАРЧУВАННІ СУЧАСНОЇ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: Пешук Людмила В. , Приходько Дар'я Ю.
Published: November 2023

Потреба в білковій сировині неухильно зростає, відповідно до збільшення чисельності населення. М’ясо споконвіку є основною складовою людського раціону, джерелом білка та головним енергокомпонентом, необхідним для повноцінного функціонування процесів організму. Штучне м’ясо – це стрімко зростаюча категорія продуктів, яка може змінити наші харчові звички. Продукти тваринного походження замінюють рослинними альтернативами, які на смак і вигляд схожі на м’ясні. Мета таких змін – зниження глобальної залежності від тваринного сільського господарства. Сьогодні відомі три категорії штучного м’яса, які відрізняються за технологією: культивоване м’ясо, модифіковане м’ясо та альтернативні замінники м’яса на рослинній основі. Культивування м’яса є складною технологією відтворення структури м’язів худоби з стовбурових клітин, які у відповідному середовищі, збагаченому поживними речовинами, гормонами та факторами росту, здатні до трансформації у м’язові та жирові клітини. Виробництво штучного м’яса вже зіткнулося з багатьма перешкодами, проте попереду його чекає прийняття суспільством, розширення способів виробництва та зниження вартості, перш ніж воно стане комерційною реальністю. Саме тому більш розповсюдженими на ринку штучного м’яса є м’ясні альтернативні продукти з рослинних компонентів. В якості замінників тваринної сировини виробники використовують сою, соєвий ізолят, сейтан, нут, сочевицю, горох, водорості, комах та інші високобілкові інгредієнти. Найближчим часом традиційне виробництво м’яса за участю тварин навряд чи буде припинено, проте попит серед споживачів та асортимент білкових рослинних замінників стрімко розвивається. Перед харчовою індустрією стоїть завдання адаптувати новаторські технологій штучного м’яса відповідно до потреб населення, що може надати суттєвий поштовх до налагодження екологічної ситуації та ліквідації харчових дефіцитів людства.
Beyond the acute illness: Exploring long COVID and its impact on multiple organ systems
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nandini , Sarkar Parantap , Sarkar Tania
Published: November 2023

Unprecedented worldwide health catastrophe due to the COVID-19 pandemic has ended up resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Even though many people recover from acute infection, there is rising concern regarding post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs), often referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or “long COVID.” The respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine systems are just a few of the many organ systems that can be impacted by this multifarious, complicated illness. The clinical manifestations of long COVID can vary among individuals and may include fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive impairment, and new-onset diabetes, among others. Although the underlying processes of long COVID are not fully understood, they probably involve unregulated immune response, persistent generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (chronic inflammation), autoimmune-like reactions, persistent viral replication, and micro-clot formation. To create successful treatments and care plans, it is essential to comprehend the immunological mechanisms causing these difficulties. The pathogenesis of long COVID should be clarified and potential biomarkers to help with diagnosis and treatment should be sought after. To reduce the burden of long COVID on people and healthcare systems around the world, the need for long-term monitoring and management of long COVID problems should be emphasized. It also underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. The goal of this review is to carefully evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of long COVID, their underlying causes, and any potential immunological implications.
Rekayasa Perangkat Keras untuk Alat Pemantau Cuaca Berbasis SMS pada Lingkungan Tambak Garam
Authors: Ma'muri Ma'muri , Widyanto Salasi Wasis , Wisnugroho Susilo , Kuncoro Ari , Bramawanto Rikha , Prasetiawan Nanda Radhitia
Published: November 2023

Produksi garam di Indonesia pada umumnya dilakukan secara tradisional dan sangat bergantung pada kondisi iklim-cuaca. Akan tetapi, keberadaan informasi cuaca di sekitar lahan pegaraman masih sangat minim karena peralatan pemantau cuaca yang telah ada hanya dipasang di sekitar bandara, pelabuhan, perkebunan, dan persawahan, yang jauh dari lokasi tambak garam. Oleh karena itu, pemasangan alat pemantau cuaca di lingkungan tambak garam sangat diperlukan agar diperoleh informasi cuaca yang akurat dan real-time. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah merekayasa instrumen berbiaya murah melalui integrasi beberapa perangkat sensor, mikrokontroler, dan modul-modul elektronik pendukung lainnya, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alat pemantau cuaca di lingkungan tambak garam dengan mekanisme pengiriman datanya melalui Short Message Service (SMS). Tahapan penelitiannya meliputi desain konseptual, pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi literatur dan observasi lapangan, pembuatan desain, pembuatan prototipe, pengujian, dan analisa data. Hasilnya berupa prototipe alat pemantau cuaca yang dapat menghasilkan data cuaca berupa kecepatan angin, arah angin, curah hujan, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekanan udara, suhu air, dan tinggi muka air di dalam tambak garam. Kesimpulannya, prototipe alat pemantau cuaca hasil rekayasa instrumen terintegrasi telah berhasil dibuat dan dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam menyajikan data dan informasi cuaca secara real-time. Dalam jangka panjang, kumpulan data dan informasi cuaca ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh stakeholder untuk memprediksi produksi garam.
PNP: A Review Framework towards Efficient NeRF Study and Research
Authors: Yeo Jin Qi , Ng Aik Beng , Chen Kan , Mohan Pallavi , Guan Frank , See Simon
Published: November 2023

Rapid advancements in techniques and applications of NeRF technologies have been seen in both academia and industry recently. It becomes apparent that there is a need to consolidate and organize the theoretical and practical knowledge on the end to end pipeline of using NeRF technology. To facilitate the study and research on NeRF technologies, we propose a novel framework that identifies the key stages for NeRF related technology, namely: Pre-NeRF, NeRF, Post-NeRF, or ``PNP" in short. Each stage has four attributes: A description of what and how NeRF technology is adapted at that stage, the common challenges faced, software that is used to handle the tasks, and how it is applicable to the next stage in the framework.
Human-AI Collaborative Sub-Goal Optimization in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Ma Haozhe , Vo Thanh Vinh , Leong Tze-Yun
Published: November 2023

Hierarchical reinforcement learning often involves human expertise in defining multiple sub-goals to decompose complex objectives into relevant sub-tasks. However, manually specifying these sub-goals is labor-intensive, costly, and prone to introducing biases or misleading the agent. To overcome these challenges, we propose a collaborative human-AI algorithm that seamlessly integrates with hierarchical models to automatically update prior knowledge and optimize candidate sub-goals. Our algorithm can be easily incorporated into a wide range of goal-conditioned frameworks. We evaluate our approach in comparison with relevant baselines, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in addressing and preventing negative inferences arising from confusing or conflicting sub-goals. Additionally, our algorithm shows robustness across different levels of human knowledge, accelerating convergence towards optimal sub-goal spaces and hierarchical policies.
Improving the Reliability of Medical Diagnostic Models through Rule-Based Decision Deferral
Authors: Bereska Jacqueline Isabel , Marquering Henk , Besselink Marc , Stoker Jaap , Verpalen Inez
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer, and accurate assessment of tumor resectability is crucial for determining appropriate treatment. AI-based models have shown promise in classifying tumor resectability, but reliability concerns have impeded clinical implementation. We propose extending the AI-based VasQNet model for classifying tumor resectability on AI-generated segmentations of computed tomography scans (CTs) to improve the models’ reliability. This extension allows VasQNet to defer decisions when the AI-generated segmentations violate pre-established rules on vascular anatomy, tumor location, and tumor size. We conducted experiments using CTs of (borderline) resectable and non-resectable PDAC patients. We evaluated the performance of the baseline VasQNet and the extended VasQNet with rule-based decision deferral (RBDD) by comparing their classifications to a ground-truth provided by a radiologist, employing agreement as a metric.
Our results demonstrate that the extended VasQNet achieved a significantly higher agreement (90%) with the radiologist’s classification than the baseline VasQNet (67%). Notably, 17/31 (54%) deferred decisions would have been incorrect had they not been deferred. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of RBDD in improving the reliability of clinical diagnostic models through the exemplification of VasQNet. In conclusion, RBDD can enhance the reliability of clinical diagnostics models, facilitating integration into clinical practice.

The documented code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/PHAIR-Consortium/Vessel-Involvement-Quantifier).
Ethical Challenges of Using Synthetic Data
Authors: Chauhan Pavitra , Bongo Lars Ailo , Pedersen Edvard
Published: November 2023

There is an outburst of digitized medical data with the growing adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems but have restricted access due to legal compliances. This lack of data accessibility has piqued the interest in generating and using synthetic data. Synthetic data is programmatically generated using the statistical properties of the real dataset. Although synthetic data tackles the issue of legal compliance, there are some ethical concerns associated with it. In this paper, we discuss three ethical concerns of synthetic medical data such as fairness, privacy and unwarranted use. Further, we identify a need to develop a practical framework for statistical evaluation metrics for synthetically generated data.
Quantifying Deep Learning Model Uncertainty in Conformal Prediction
Authors: Karimi Hamed , Samavi Reza
Published: November 2023

Precise estimation of predictive uncertainty in deep neural networks is a critical requirement for reliable decision-making in machine learning and statistical modeling, particularly in the context of medical AI. Conformal Prediction (CP) has emerged as a promising framework for representing the model uncertainty by providing well-calibrated confidence levels for individual predictions. However, the quantification of model uncertainty in conformal prediction remains an active research area, yet to be fully addressed. In this paper, we explore state-of-the-art CP methodologies and their theoretical foundations. We propose a probabilistic approach in quantifying the model uncertainty derived from the produced prediction sets in conformal prediction and provide certified boundaries for the computed uncertainty. By doing so, we allow model uncertainty measured by CP to be compared by other uncertainty quantification methods such as Bayesian (e.g., MC-Dropout and DeepEnsemble) and Evidential approaches.
INVESTIGATION OF Zr-ZrN, Zr,Hf-(Zr,Hf)N AND Zr,Nb-(Zr,Nb)N COATINGS DEPOSITED ON A TITANIUM ALLOY SUBSTRATE
Authors: Vereschaka Alexey , Sotova Catherine , Milovich Filipp , Bublikov Jury , Zhylinski Valery , Makarevich Kirill , Baranova Natalia
Published: November 2023

The properties of Zr-ZrN, Zr,Hf-(Zr,Hf)N and Zr,Nb-(Zr,Nb)N coatings deposited on a Ti6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate were studied. It has been established that the introduction of hafnium increases, and niobium reduces the hardness of the coating. The introduction of hafnium also increases, and niobium reduces, the value of the critical fracture load LC2 in the scratch test. It has been established that a layer of nanocrystallites can form at the interface between the substrate and the coating. This layer is presumably formed by particles of an oxide film destroyed during ion etching, spontaneously formed on the surface of the titanium alloy. All samples with coatings have noticeably lower values of the adhesive component of the friction coefficient fadh compared to the uncoated sample at all temperatures. At room temperature, the Zr-ZrN-coated sample has the best fadh value, but when the temperature rises to 500°C and above, the Zr,Hf-(Zr,Hf)N-coated sample has an obvious advantage.
STABILITY OF LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE IN UNEVENLY ROTATING HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS
Authors: Kozlov Victor G. , Zimasova Alsu R. , Kozlov Nikolai V.
Published: November 2023

The effect of rotational velocity modulation on the shape of the interface between liquids with high contrast of viscosities
and of different densities in a rapidly rotating horizontal cylinder is experimentally investigated. During rotation, the more viscous fluid with higher density is located near the lateral boundary of the cavity, and it is found that modulation of the rotation rate leads to the loss of stability of the initially axisymmetric liquid-liquid interface. The instability manifests itself in the development of a spatially periodic quasi-stationary 2D "frozen" wavy pattern on the interface.
The phenomenon has a threshold character; the critical amplitude of velocity modulation depends on the rotation
rate and the frequency of velocity modulation. It is shown that the appearance of the frozen waves is associated with
the Kelvin-Helmholtz oscillatory instability and is accompanied by the generation of intensive vortex flows near the interphase boundary.
Multi-objective optimisation of building planning energy saving based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Chen Ningjing , Wang Juanfen
Published: November 2023

The construction industry itself has led to a large amount of energy consumption; this paper reports on a genetic algorithm for optimising the planning and design of rural buildings with energy saving and multiple objectives. Firstly, the multi-objective optimisation problem and Pareto concept are discussed, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is applied to solve the problem of building-energy-saving-integrated optimisation and the algorithm implementation of building-energy-saving-integrated optimisation design based on NSGA-II is given. Incremental costs and incremental benefits are used as objective functions, and relevant assumptions are made to keep the model realistic while simplifying calculations. Secondly, a series of constraint functions is set up to ensure the superiority of the results. By constructing model assumptions, objective functions and constraint functions, the energy-saving optimisation model is formed and solved using the genetic algorithm. From the optimisation results, it can be seen that the energy consumption of all the design schemes in the Pareto solution set is between 25.0 and 31.7 kWh/m2. Therefore, in the selection of architectural planning and design schemes, simply pursuing low energy consumption and high comfort should be avoided, and there should also be comprehensive consideration of economic costs to choose the most cost-effective scheme.
Aprendiendo sobre los cuidados enfermeros en la eliminación urinaria (profesor)
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pico Ferreira Marleny
Published: November 2023

La presente guía práctica de simulación del profesor hace referencia a la práctica simulada que se llevará a cabo en el contenido temático “cuidados de enfermería en la eliminación urinaria”. En esta guía se describen diferentes actividades de simulación, iniciando con una zona 0 y finalizando con una zona 2, en cada una de las cuales se encontrará la siguiente estructura según la zona a aplicar: información de la práctica, lecturas y actividades previas a realizar por el estudiante, justificación, resultado de aprendizaje, descripción de la práctica (personas implicadas, duración de la simulación, entorno o caso clínico, pruebas complementarias, tecnología de apoyo, equipamiento, guion, libreto). En conclusión, está guía permite al estudiante tener una vivencia muy similar a la que ofrece un escenario real, adquiriendo así habilidades técnicas y no técnicas necesarias para su práctica formativa.
Enfermería para el cuidado de las heridas, lesiones por presión y ostomías
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, González Niño Javier
Published: November 2023

Esta guía para el cuidado de las heridas se presenta como una guía para el estudiante de enfermería que desee adquirir conocimientos y habilidades en el cuidado integral de la piel, las heridas quirúrgicas, las lesiones por presión y las ostomías, con el fin de prevenir complicaciones y estimular su curación. Este documento está constituido por las temáticas de la piel comprendiendo su anatomía, histología y su valoración integral. Por otra parte, se determinan la clasificación de las heridas, las fases de la cicatrización y su valoración; se detallan las lesiones por presión al igual que su clasificación según sus etapas y se describen las ostomías y su clasificación. Por cada temática se describe el procedimiento para su valoración y cuidado respectivo. Finalmente tendrá un plan de cuidados de enfermería, según el tipo de lesión que tenga el usuario, que será una guía para orientar los diagnósticos más pertinentes pero que no debe obviar otros diagnósticos reales en el usuario. Los temas mencionados anteriormente le permitirán conocer más a profundidad los cuidados necesarios para los usuarios neonatales, pediátricos y adultos de manera general con diferentes tipos de lesiones o heridas a nivel hospitalario. También permitirán conocer cuáles son los insumos necesarios para ser más eficiente y eficaz en el momento de proporcionar cuidado. Además, este documento le ayudará a identificar factores de riesgo y tomar acciones correctivas cuando hay deterioro de la integridad cutánea o tisular, garantizando medidas preventivas adecuadas para la persona.
El síntoma como punto de partida del cuidado de enfermería en hospitalización
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, González Niño Javier
Published: November 2023

La presente nota de clase ha sido concebida para los estudiantes de quinto semestre en la práctica de cuidados posquirúrgicos, del programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, con el objetivo de evidenciar cómo las teorías de enfermería reflejan el quehacer y el cuidado holístico y humanístico que todo profesional de este campo debe tener en cuenta en su actuar. Dado que la Universidad emplea el modelo crítico por competencia, se busca que el estudiante en formación sea una persona crítica y reflexiva y pueda reconocer los cambios que día a día se producen en los diferentes escenarios prácticos; en consecuencia, este documento pretende guiar a los futuros enfermeros hacia un camino que marque la diferencia en cada momento, acción y lugar, empleando para ello la historia y el enfoque disciplinar de la profesión. A partir de la teoría de síntomas desagradables, el estudiante podrá brindar cuidado integral a los usuarios que pasan por un proceso quirúrgico, además de profundizar y priorizar cuidados en esta población, para lo cual llevará a la práctica los conocimientos teóricos transmitidos por los docentes en situaciones críticas de salud, al tiempo que podrá adquirir conocimiento empírico al momento de brindar cuidados básicos, específicos y avanzados, englobando allí cada acto de cuidar, desde su planeación, intervención y seguimiento.
ANALYSIS OF PARTY SYSTEMS BY MEASURES OF CONCENTRATION OF INEQUALITY AND ASYMMETRY OF THE PARETO CURVE
Authors: Grachev G. A.
Published: November 2023

The article proposes to assess party systems using the Hoover Index (HI) and the Pareto curve skewness coefficient, PAC. Conceptually, HI is one of the simplest and most intuitive measures of inequality concentration, designed to determine the proportion of votes that must be redistributed from parties that received at least the average number of votes in elections to other parties in order to achieve an even distribution of votes. The PAC determines which parties contribute the most to overall party inequality as measured by HI. For the typology of inequality concentration in party systems, the generalized Pareto principle is used. When applying the new concept to the analysis of party systems in 18 European countries (158 electoral cases), it was found that most of them had a left-wing skewness of the Pareto curve and a concentration of inequality close to the proportion of the Pareto principle. The proposed method for assessing party systems can be considered as an independent tool, or as an addition to the currently widely used Laakso-Taagepera effective numbers of parties.