bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erfolgreiche Therapie des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE)
Authors: Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter
Published: September 2024

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine multisystemische Autoimmunerkrankung, die prinzipiell alle Organe beziehungsweise Organsysteme betreffen kann. Die initiale Manifestation der Erkrankung kann nach hausärztlicher Überweisung primär zur Vorstellung in nahezu allen Gebieten der Inneren Medizin, aber auch in der Dermatologie oder Neurologie führen. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine zielgerichtete und erfolgreiche Therapie ist die vollständige Erfassung der klinischen Manifestationen, die ein intensives interdisziplinäres Organ-Screening sowohl im Rahmen der initialen Diagnostik als auch der Verlaufskontrolle erfordert. Die Therapie des SLE umfasst neben den alle Patienten betreffenden Basismaßnahmen ebenso eine differenzierte Pharmakotherapie. Diese hängt von den spezifischen Organmanifestationen des einzelnen Patienten ab, darüber hinaus müssen Komorbiditäten und Sicherheitsaspekte berücksichtigt werden. Interdisziplinarität ist daher für eine optimale Betreuung von SLE-Patienten essenziell.
Does the Addition of a Tibial Stem Extender in Total Knee Arthroplasty Decrease Risk of Aseptic Loosening in Patients with Obesity? An Analysis from the American Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: Hohmann Alexandra L. , Linton Alexander A. , Olin Brooke R. , Furey Gabriel L. , Zaniletti Isabella , De Ayushmita , Fillingham Yale A.
Published: September 2024

Mechanical loosening is a leading cause of failure of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) for which obesity may be a risk factor. With rising rates of obesity and increasing incidence of TKA, the identification of factors to mitigate this cause of failure is necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of a tibial stem extender (TSE) decreases the risk of mechanical loosening in patients with obesity undergoing TKA. The American Joint Replacement Registry and linked Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database were utilized to identify a patient cohort with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater and age 65 years or older who underwent primary elective TKA between 2012 and 2021. Patients were divided into cohorts based on obesity class and TSE utilization. The estimated association of TSE use, BMI categories, and covariates with the risk of revisions for mechanical loosening in both unadjusted and adjusted settings was determined. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the risk of mechanical loosening were calculated. A total of 258,775 TKA cases were identified. A total of 538 of 257,194 (0.21%) patients who did not receive a TSE and one patient out of 1,581 (0.06%) with a TSE were revised for mechanical loosening. In adjusted analysis, TSE use was not protective against mechanical loosening and BMI > 40 was not a significant risk factor. Use of a TSE was not found to be protective against mechanical loosening in patients with obesity; however, analysis was limited by the small number of outcome events in the cohort. Further analysis with a larger cohort of patients with TSE and a longer follow-up time is necessary to corroborate this finding.
Prospective single-arm trial on feasibility and safety of an endoscopic robotic system for colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Chiu Philip W. Y. , Yip Hon Chi , Chu Simon , Chan Shannon M. , Lau Ho Shing Louis , Tang Raymond S.Y. , Phee Soo Jay , Ho Khek Yu , Ng Simon Siu Man
Published: September 2024

Background The development of the EndoMaster “Endoluminal Access Surgical Efficacy” (EASE) system aims to enhance the safety and efficacy of colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) through two flexible robotic arms. This is the first clinical trial to evaluate the performance of colorectal ESD using EndoMaster.

Method Patients with early mucosal colorectal neoplasia that was not suitable for en bloc resection with snare-based techniques were recruited. The EndoMaster EASE robotic system consisted of an independently designed flexible robotic platform with two robotic arms. The primary outcome was the complete resection rate using EndoMaster. Secondary outcomes included operating time, hospital stay, procedure-related complications, and oncologic outcomes.

Results 43 patients underwent robotic ESD, with a median robotic dissection time of 49 minutes. The technical success rate was 86.0%, while en bloc resection rate among cases with technical success was 94.6%. The complete resection rate was 83.8% and the median size of specimen was 35 mm (range 15–90 mm). The median hospital stay was 2 (range 1–7) days and there was one delayed bleed after 4 days, which was controlled endoscopically. One patient sustained perforation during the procedure, which was completely closed using clips without sequelae. Two patients were treated by salvage surgery.

Conclusion This first clinical trial confirmed the safety and efficacy of performing colorectal ESD using the EndoMaster EASE robotic system.
Serum Metabolome Signature Response to Different Types of Resistance
Training
Authors: Feuerbacher Joshua Frederik , Cheng Runtan , Sedliak Milan , Hu Min , Finni Taija Juutinen , Umlauff Lisa , Schumann Moritz , Cheng Shulin
Published: September 2024

Pneumatic resistance training (PRT) facilitates a longer time under tension that
might lead to greater changes in body composition when compared to traditional
resistance training (TRT), possibly enhancing serum metabolite concentrations
indicative of healthy metabolic function. To assess the impact of PRT and TRT on
muscular strength, body composition, and serum metabolome, 69 men (age: 31.8±7.2
years, height: 179.7±5.4 cm, weight: 81.1±9.9 kg) were randomized into two
10-week intervention groups (PRT:n=24 and TRT:n=24) and one control group
(CON:n=21). Serum metabolite concentrations were assessed before and after the
training intervention by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance. Fat mass
and lean mass were obtained by bioimpedance analysis. The training intervention
resulted in an increase in lean mass for both PRT (1.85±2.69%; p=0.003) and TRT
(2.72±4.53%; p=0.004), while only PRT reduced statistically significantly in
body fat percentage (PRT: −5.08±10.76%; p=0.019). Only in PRT and TRT
significant increases in small high-density lipoproteins (S-HDL-L) and small HDL
particles (S-HDL-P) were observed. When controlling for fat and lean mass, the
effects on S-HDL-L/S-HDL-P diminished. Network analysis may suggest that PRT and
TRT result in an increase in network connectivity and robustness. It appears
that the observed improvements are associated with changes in body
composition.
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: An Efficient Organocatalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles under Neat Conditions
Authors: Majee Adinath , Pramanik Tanmay , Pal Satyajit , Santra Sougata
Published: September 2024

A new synthetic approach has emerged for constructing 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole scaffolds by the reactions between indoles and chalcones under metal- and solvent-free conditions at 80 °C. The reaction occurs smoothly in the presence of a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium tosylate, as a catalyst, permitting the synthesis of the desired products with satisfactory yields. The developed protocol is applicable to the construction of biologically important pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole derivatives from easily accessible chalcones having various substituents. The process commences with Michael addition to chalcones, followed by annulations induced by the elimination of a water molecule, yielding the 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole scaffolds. Several control experiments were carried out to achieve a better understanding of the reaction pathway. The feasibility of recycling the catalyst was also demonstrated. This method produces water as the sole byproduct and represents a green synthetic protocol. The clean reaction, easily accessible reactants, and the metal- and solvent-free and environmentally friendly reaction conditions are the notable advantages of this procedure.
Cancer Unveiling: A Profile of Incidence and Trends in Bam City, Southeast Iran
Authors: Jalali Maryam , GHasemi Navid Reza , KHosravi Sajad , Hasani Mahnaz , Nematolahi Samane , Zare Najaf
Published: September 2024

Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. According to the report from the Iranian Ministry of Health, cancer ranks as the third most common cause of death in Iran. Consequently, acquiring information about cancer statistics and their trends is crucial for cancer prevention and control. In this study, we examined the trends and epidemiology of cancer in Bam City, Iran, from 2014 to 2019.

Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using cancer registry data spanning from 2014 to 2019 in Bam, located in Kerman Province. Common cancers were determined based on the reported number of cancer cases and age-standardized rates. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22) and GraphPad Prism (version 9).

Results In this study, we examined 1,290 cases of cancer registered in Bam City, Kerman Province, from 2014 to 2019. Of our study population, 42.8% (552 cases) were women. The sex ratio (male to female) for all cancers during the 6-year study period was 1.34. The highest number of cancer cases among men occurred in 2016, while among women, it was in 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate did not display a clear increasing or decreasing trend; instead, we observed fluctuations over the 6-year period for both sexes. Notably, the age-standardized incidence rate trend for males consistently remained higher than that for females.

Conclusion Fluctuations of the trend in our study can be attributed to reasons such as referral of cases to other cities with better medical facilities and weakness in the cancer registration system of deprived areas such as Bam. Nevertheless, to reduce the burden of cancer, each individual should be aware of the most preventable risk factors, such as an unhealthy lifestyle and occupational exposure. To achieve this goal, the government should prioritize improving the accuracy and completeness of cancer registry centers.
Balancing risk and reward: exploring women’s transactional sexual relationships with Blessers in South Africa
Authors: George Gavin , Maqsood Leena , Sprague Courtenay
Published: September 2024

Transactional sexual relationships (TSRs) take varied forms, with research emphasizing TSRs’ inherent risks, primarily to women. In South Africa, Blessed relationships have emerged as a prominent type of TSR. Blessers have become coveted male partners due to their relative wealth and willingness to ‘bless’ female partners with financial and material gifts, as well as the improved social status that accompanies such partnerships. Given the limited literature on Blesser partnerships, we investigated women’s implicit and explicit negotiated rewards and their perceived risk and ability to employ risk mitigation strategies, utilizing risk as a sociological concept to enhance understanding of risks women assume, and subsequent gendered implications. This qualitative study was conducted in 2017-2018 in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, a high HIV prevalence setting, with 22 women, using purposive and snowball sampling methods. We found that women in relationships with a Blesser recognize and navigate a number of risks, including: the threat of HIV acquisition, falling pregnant, experiencing an emotional void following a TSR, and expressed feelings of guilt and shame, as segments of South African society remain judgmental of TSRs. These risks are then weighed against the pursuit of sustained financial and social rewards achieved through such relationships.
Harnessing complexity: Nonlinear optical phenomena in L-shapes, nanocrescents, and split-ring resonators
Authors: Clark Michael R. , Shah Syed A. , Piryatinski Andrei , Sukharev Maxim
Published: September 2024

We conduct systematic studies of the optical characteristics of plasmonic nanoparticles that exhibit C2v symmetry. In particular, we analyze three distinct geometric configurations: an L-type shape, a crescent, and a split-ring resonator shaped like the Greek letter π. Optical properties are examined using the finite-difference time-domain method. It is demonstrated that all three shapes exhibit two prominent plasmon modes associated with the two axes of symmetry. This is in addition to a wide range of resonances observed at high frequencies corresponding to quadrupole modes and peaks due to sharp corners. Next, to facilitate nonlinear analysis, we employ a semiclassical hydrodynamic model, where the electron pressure term is explicitly accounted for. This model goes beyond the standard Drude description and enables capturing nonlocal and nonlinear effects. Employing this model enables us to rigorously examine the second-order angular resolved nonlinear optical response of these nanoparticles in each of the three configurations. Two pumping regimes are considered, namely, continuous wave (CW) and pulsed excitations. For CW pumping, we explore the properties of the second harmonic generation (SHG). Polarization and angle-resolved SHG spectra are obtained, revealing strong dependence on the nanoparticle geometry and incident wave polarization. The C2v symmetry is shown to play a key role in determining the polarization states and selection rules of the SHG signal. For pulsed excitations, we discuss the phenomenon of broadband terahertz (THz) generation induced by the difference-frequency generation . It is shown that the THz emission spectra exhibit unique features attributed to the plasmonic resonances and symmetry of the nanoparticles. The polarization of the generated THz waves is also examined, revealing interesting patterns tied to the nanoparticle geometry. To gain deeper insight, we propose an analytical theory that agrees very well with the numerical experiments. The theory shows that the physical origin of the THz radiation is the mixing of various frequency components of the fundamental pulse by the second-order nonlinear susceptibility. An expression for the far-field THz intensity is derived in terms of the incident pulse parameters and the nonlinear response tensor of the nanoparticle. The results presented in this work offer new insights into the linear and nonlinear optical properties of nanoparticles with C2v symmetry. The demonstrated strong SHG response and efficient broadband THz generation hold great promise for applications in nonlinear spectroscopy, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics. The proposed theoretical framework also provides a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the nonlinear behavior of other related nanostructures.
Turbulent pipe flow and heat transfer of a binary mixture at supercritical pressure: Influences of cross-diffusion effects
Authors: Ren Yangjian , Xiao Mingfei , Hu Zhan-Chao
Published: September 2024

Cross-diffusion effects, including Soret and Dufour effects, are enhanced around the pseudo-critical temperature (Tpc) of a binary mixture. Their influences on heat transfer at supercritical pressure have been scarcely studied. To bridge this gap, large-eddy simulations (LES) are conducted to investigate forced convective heat transfer of a CO2–ethane mixture at supercritical pressures in a circular pipe subject to a uniform heat flux. Both heating and cooling conditions, along with varying initial concentrations and thermodynamic pressures, are included in the simulations. The LES results reveal that the Soret effect causes concentration separation, resulting in a concentration boundary layer. The magnitudes of the thermodiffusion factor (kT) and the radial temperature gradient control the intensity of separation, which is more pronounced at near-critical pressure and high heat flux. Since kT is significant only around Tpc, downstream decay of the concentration separation is observed as the loci of T=Tpc migrate away from the wall so that the local radial temperature gradient diminishes. The primary factors affecting heat transfer are the variations in thermal conductivity and isobaric specific heat resulting from concentration separation. In contrast, the Dufour effect and the accompanying inter-diffusion play negligible roles. In deterioration scenarios, the bulk Nusselt number (Nub) shows a maximum relative drop of 8%, whereas in enhancement scenarios, Nub shows a maximum relative increase in 10%, with both deterioration and enhancement decaying downstream. Cross-diffusion effects have negligible impacts on density and streamwise velocity, but noticeably alter streamwise velocity fluctuation and turbulent kinetic energy.
Frequency stabilization of adiabatic temperature change in Fe50Rh50 alloy in a cyclic magnetic field of 1.2 T
Authors: Gamzatov A. G. , Igoshev P. A. , Aliev A. M. , Qiao K. , Hu F. , Wang J. , Shen B.
Published: September 2024

We present the results of direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) for the Fe50Rh50 alloy in a cyclic magnetic field (CMF) of 1.2 T. It is shown that increasing the frequency of the CMF from 1 to 30 Hz is accompanied by a shift of the position of temperature dependence ΔTad(T) maximum, Tmax, toward low temperatures. With an increase in the CMF frequency from 1 to 5 Hz, the ΔTmax value decreases by ∼12%. A further increase in frequency leads to stabilization of the effect. In the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition point TC = 370 K, ΔTad exhibits unconventional frequency behavior: while at T well above TC, the value of ΔTad monotonously decreases as frequency increases, at T = 370.4 K; an interval of frequency-independent ΔTad up to 10 Hz is observed, and at 368 K < T < TC, the maximum of ΔTad(f) dependence is found in the interval 1 < f < 10 Hz. Such behavior in the future can be applied in magnetic cooling technology due to large values of ΔTad and the frequency stability of the effect in alternating fields. The specific cooling power reaches giant values of ∼22 W/g at 20 Hz, which is comparable to the values under the same conditions for Gd −21.6 W/g. The unconventional behavior of ΔTad in the CMF is discussed in the context of the role of secondary phase localization, which leads to an enhanced internal local magnetic field and dynamic effects of ΔTad.
Dynamic density functional theory of polymers with salt in electric fields
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Zhu Qinyu
Published: September 2024

We present a dynamic density functional theory for modeling the effects of applied electric fields on the local structure of polymers with added salt (polymer electrolytes). Time-dependent equations for the local electrostatic potential and volume fractions of polymer, cation, and anion of added salt are developed using the principles of linear irreversible thermodynamics. For such a development, a field theoretic description of the free energy of polymer melts doped with salts is used, which captures the effects of local variations in the dielectric function. Connections of the dynamic density functional theory with experiments are established by relating the three phenomenological Onsager’s transport coefficients of the theory to the mutual diffusion of electrolyte, ionic conductivity, and transference number of one of the ions. The theory is connected with a statistical mechanical model developed by Bearman and Kirkwood [J. Chem. Phys. 28, 136 (1958)] after relating the three transport coefficients to friction coefficients. The steady-state limit of the dynamic density functional theory is used to understand the effects of dielectric inhomogeneity on the phase separation in polymer electrolytes. The theory developed here provides not only a way to connect with experiments but also to develop multi-scale models for studying connections between local structure and ion transport in polymer electrolytes.
Formation of sodium-alginate droplets in an X-microdevice: Characterization of the pinching efficiency
Authors: Tomasi Masoni Sara , Mariotti Alessandro , Galletti Chiara , Mauri Roberto , Salvetti Maria Vittoria , Brunazzi Elisabetta
Published: September 2024

Experiments and simulations are used jointly to gain a comprehensive insight into the pinching mechanism that generates alginate droplets in an X-microdevice operating in a hydrodynamic flow-focusing configuration. The X-microdevice is fed with an aqueous alginate solution into one inlet channel, while sunflower oil and Span80 are fed into the other two inlet channels. The use of the adaptive mesh refinement and volume of fluid method allows accurate tracking of the interface in numerical simulations. The sensitivities of numerical predictions to the contact angle and the surface tension are estimated through dedicated sets of simulations. Subsequently, numerical simulations and experiments are compared for different flow rates with a satisfactory agreement. We observe that the pinch-off mechanism may lead to the formation of several satellite drops in addition to the main droplet. A pinching performance indicator is suggested based on the amount of alginate that is encapsulated in the main droplet. The effect of operating conditions on the pinching efficiency, frequency, and droplet diameter is discussed to provide valuable information to optimize the droplets production. The pinching efficiency is closely related to the length and diameter of the liquid thread. At low flow rates, a short liquid thread is observed. This leads to the formation of few satellites and, thus, to high pinching efficiency but low droplet production. Increasing the dispersed-phase flow rate slightly reduces the efficiency but significantly increases the production.
A microscopic approach to crystallization: Challenging the classical/non-classical dichotomy
Authors: Lutsko James F. , Schoonen Cédric
Published: September 2024

We present a fundamental framework for the study of crystallization based on a combination of classical density functional theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics that is free of any assumptions regarding order parameters and that requires no input other than molecular interaction potentials. We use it to study the nucleation of both droplets and crystalline solids from a low-concentration solution of colloidal particles using two different interaction potentials. We find that the nucleation pathways of both droplets and crystals are remarkably similar at the early stages of nucleation until they diverge due to a rapid ordering along the solid pathways in line with the paradigm of “non-classical” crystallization. We compute the unstable modes at the critical clusters and find that despite the non-classical nature of solid nucleation, the size of the nucleating clusters remains the principle order parameter in all cases, supporting a “classical” description of the dynamics of crystallization. We show that nucleation rates can be extracted from our formalism in a systematic way. Our results suggest that in some cases, despite the non-classical nature of the nucleation pathways, classical nucleation theory can give reasonable results for solids but that there are circumstances where it may fail. This contributes a nuanced perspective to recent experimental and simulation work, suggesting that important aspects of crystal nucleation can be described within a classical framework.
A fast and reliable semi-analytical method for assessing energy replenishment from fracturing-flooding in low-permeability and tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Gao Yubao , Zhu Weiyao , Bu Wengang , Yue Ming , Kong Debin
Published: September 2024

The development of low-permeability and tight oil reservoirs is challenged by insufficient natural energy and rapid production decline. Fracturing-flooding is a technique that relies on high-pressure and large-volume fluid injection to replenish reservoir energy, making it a significant method for rapidly boosting formation energy. To evaluate the energy replenishment effect of fracturing-flooding technology in low-permeability and tight reservoirs, this study proposes a semi-analytical method for quick calculation. This approach employs dimensionless simplification, Pedrosa's substitution, Laplace transformation, and Stehfest inversion methods to derive pressure solutions for both the stimulation region and the external matrix region, each with varying flow capacities. The average formation pressure (AFP) of the reservoir is determined using the area-weighted average method, and numerical verification is performed using a commercial simulator. A case study from the Binnan area, along with a sensitivity analysis, demonstrates that after 30 days of fracturing-flooding, the AFP of the reservoir increases to 46.97 MPa, the corresponding reservoir pressure coefficient rises from 1.2 to 1.68, and reservoir energy increases by 40%. The factors influencing energy replenishment are ranked as follows: reservoir thickness, injection rate, stress sensitivity coefficient, matrix permeability, stimulation region radius, and mobility ratio. This study provides theoretical guidance for optimizing fracturing-flooding development schemes in low-permeability and tight oil reservoirs and offers valuable reference for the industry.
Impact of single and two successive droplets on a liquid pool
Authors: Wang Bo-Fu , Li Yang , Chong Kai Leong , Zhou Quan
Published: September 2024

The interaction between droplets and a liquid pool is a widely observed fluid phenomenon with significant relevance to various industrial applications. This study numerically investigates the impact of both a single droplet and two successive droplets on a liquid pool with a fixed thickness. Particular emphasis was focused on the evolution of cavity depth and width during the deformation process. For single droplet impacts, the cavity depth exhibits linear growth with time in the early stage, consistent with predictions based on energy balance. This growth is independent of the Weber number (We) within the explored range of 96<We<345. Similarly, the cavity width shows weak dependence on the Weber number during early development, deviating and reaching a maximum width at later times. The maximum cavity width follows a power-law relationship with the Weber number, with a 0.5 exponent. In the case of successive droplet impacts with small initial separation, cavity depth also evolves linearly with time in the early stage but over an extended period. This prolonged growth is attributed to droplet merging, resulting in an effectively larger merged droplet. However, for successive droplets with large separation, the two linear growth stages exhibit intermittent interruptions due to the second impact occurring at a later time. The variation in cavity width due to different initial spacings between two successive droplets still exhibits similarity until a larger spacing causes a change in the rate of cavity width development.
Droplet impinging on sparse micropillar-arrayed non-wetting surfaces
Authors: Wu Jialong , Zhang Longfei , Lu Yingfa , Yu Yingsong
Published: September 2024

Wettability of droplets and droplet impinging on sparse micropillar-arrayed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces were experimentally investigated. For droplets wetting on these surfaces, the contact line density model combining stability factor and droplet sagging depth was developed to predict whether the droplets were in the Wenzel or Cassie–Baxter wetting state. It was found that droplets on the sparser micropillar-arrayed PDMS surfaces were in the Wenzel wetting state, indicating that a complete rebound cannot happen for droplets impinging on these surfaces. For the case of droplets impinging on sparse micropillar-arrayed PDMS surfaces, it was found that there existed a range of impact velocity for bouncing droplets on the micropatterned surfaces with a solid fraction of 0.022. To predict the upper limit of impact velocity for bouncing droplets, a theoretical model considering the immersion depth of liquid into the micropillar structure was established to make the prediction, and the lower limit of impact velocity for bouncing droplets can be obtained by balancing kinetic energy with energy barrier due to contact angle hysteresis. In addition, the droplet maximum spreading parameter was fitted and found to follow the scale law of We1/4.
Mechanisms of fluid–structure interaction in an underwater muzzle brake
Authors: Sun Zhiqun , Li Qiang , Qu Pu
Published: September 2024

A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) mechanism of a shock-type underwater muzzle brake is examined. A bidirectional coupling interior ballistic approach is employed to achieve accurate projectile velocity. A velocity–pressure separation solution algorithm, semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations and the Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model are used to address the volume of fluid multiphase Navier–Stokes equations with compressible cavitation. The full ballistic muzzle flow field distribution is comprehensively modeled. Analyzing the force and flow parameters of the T-shaped underwater muzzle brake based on the numerical solution reveals detailed insights. The underwater muzzle brake provides significant braking force in the interior ballistic period due to the presence of the water medium, which is quite different from air launch. Moreover, while both the internal and intermediate ballistic periods utilize the kinetic energy of the fluid against the wall, the muzzle brake principle in the interior ballistic period is a positive kinetic impact of water, mainly dependent on the flow velocity inside the barrel, and provides 17% recoil impulse. The side holes are significantly affected by cavitation phenomena. In contrast, during the intermediate ballistic period, the kinetic impact of gas, primarily dependent on the high-pressure gas expansion, decreases exponentially with time and provides 36% recoil impulse.
Preserving the symmetry of cis-1,2-difluoroethylene in the gas-phase heterodimer with hydrogen chloride: A microwave rotational study revealing a novel structure
Authors: Leung Helen O. , Marshall Mark D.
Published: September 2024

The microwave spectra of three isotopologues of the gas-phase heterodimer formed between cis-1,2-difluoroethylene and hydrogen chloride are obtained in the 5–21 GHz region using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The molecular structure, determined from the analysis of the spectra and supported by quantum chemistry calculations, has the hydrogen atom of the hydrogen chloride molecule interacting with both fluorine atoms of the fluoroethylene and no interaction between the chlorine atom and the olefin. Although the equilibrium structure has two inequivalent H⋯F interactions, zero-point motion averages over the two equivalent choices for these interactions, rendering the pairs of like atoms (C, H, and F) of the fluoroethylene equivalent, retaining the C2v symmetry of the olefin. This results in only one unique singly substituted 13C isotopologue and in the observed effects on transition intensities due to nuclear spin statistics. The heterodimer structure allows for a strong, linear hydrogen bond between the HCl donor and the fluoroethylene acceptor that is more important here than in the analogous acetylene containing complex, where the interaction between the π electrons of acetylene and an electrophilic hydrogen atom on the olefin compensates for the loss of linearity required for binding to a geminal F/H pair.
Minimization of detent force in PMLSM by end magnetic regulating module with free topologies
Authors: Xu Xiaozhuo , Hua Kai , Feng Haichao , Jiang Siyuan , Zhao Yunji
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a novel method for suppressing the detent force of permanent magnet linear synchronous motors is proposed. First, the end force is adjusted to offset the cogging force while the cogging force remains unchanged. On the other hand, the proposed method can arbitrarily change the shape of the end magnetic regulating module (EMRM), thus allowing the end force to obtain a wider adjustment range, which is different from the conventional limited shape optimization. More interestingly, compared to the traditional approach for suppressing the end force, which is to suppress the end force to the lowest level, the proposed method does not necessarily suppress the end force to the lowest level, but rather adjusts it to a reasonable level, so that it can offset the cogging force. This leads to the fact that the optimized end magnetic regulating module is effective in adjusting the end force and may even increase the end force, which is different from the conventional idea of suppressing the detent force. Next, the optimal EMRM's topologies are solved using the optimization algorithm, which replaces the traditional low-dimensional single-direction optimization and performs multi-direction global search. Finally, the prototype with optimal EMRM's topology and the testing platform are established and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A proposal for the evaluation of multimodal argumentation
Authors: Tseronis Assimakis , Younis Ramy , Üzelgün Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2024

We argue that the evaluation of multimodal arguments needs to take into account the semiotic resources used to
communicate them as well as the context in which they are produced and interpreted. Thus, in addition to the critical questions
pertaining to the scheme that help assess the internal cogency of the argument and thereby its reasonableness, we propose asking
questions regarding the cognitive and rhetorical dimensions of the argument in order to assess how effectively the semiotic design
helps the addressee to process it and how effectively it is adjusted to the audience and context. To illustrate our proposal for a
three-dimensional evaluation of multimodal argumentation, we analyze comparatively three environmental campaign posters that
present in varying degrees of semiotic complexity the negative consequences of not taking action regarding the protection of the
environment.
Translating Erich Prunč
Authors: Blum Hanna , Schögler Rafael Y.
Published: September 2024

In this short introduction to our translation of Erich Prunč’s Zur Konstruktion von
Translationskulturen (2008a), we shed light on the scholar Erich Prunč,
provide some background to the concept of “Translationskultur,” and explain some aspects of our translatorial decisions that
readers will encounter in On the Construction of Translation Cultures.
Purely spatial frame-dragging and oblate spherodial refractive index as an optical analog to Kerr spacetime
Authors: Marquez Daniel F
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an optical analogy to the lightlike geodesics in spacetime with frame-dragging effects, particularly in Kerr spacetime. This was done by correspondingly equating parts of the deflection angle expression of the lightlike geodesics to that of the optical analog with gradient refractive index (GRIN). The resulting conditions of analogy separates the GRIN from the frame-dragging effects, yielding an oblate spheroidally symmetric GRIN expression and a new optical Lagrangian which situates such medium in a non-Euclidean background space. Such space is demostrated to possess a purely spatial frame-dragging effect. This analogy might suggest a generalized notion of analog magnetism or provide additional insights to studies on gravitational lensing and construction of optical analogs in the laboratory setting.
Irregular array optimization for beamforming with a polar coordinate-based partition coding approach
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Zhao Hualiang , Xu Xixin , Li Jianhua
Published: September 2024

An innovative irregular array configuration optimization method for enhancing beamforming is introduced. This study presents partition coding to optimize sensor positioning and quantity of a non-uniform concentric circular array. This novel approach transcends traditional techniques by integrating structural partitioning and performance optimization to quantify the array’s geometry-performance correlation. Sensor candidate positions are mapped in polar coordinates, with each configuration translated into a sensor position matrix form. A significant innovation lies in the adaptation of the partition coding genetic algorithm to enhance the encoding of candidate positions and to refine crossover and mutation operations, underpinned by an elite retention strategy for selecting the optimal array configuration. Both simulation and experimental results substantiate the method’s effectiveness, achieving high-resolution acoustic mapping with commendably low computational complexity.
Research on the measurement mechanism of a six-axis force sensor based on a flexible hinge series–parallel hybrid
Authors: Wang Yongli , Jin Ke , Chang Lin , Pan Huimei , Cao Feifan , Xu ZiKang
Published: September 2024

Addressing the common limitations of current six-axis force sensors, including the degradation of strain gauge accuracy due to environmental influences and the necessity for a complete replacement when damaged, this paper proposes an innovative six-axis force sensor that integrates a hybrid serial–parallel structure featuring flexible hinges. The sensor’s bracket is designed using a combination of serial–parallel flexible hinges, which confer load distribution capabilities, are lightweight, have high strength, and facilitate replacement. The static force model and the overall stiffness model of the sensor were developed based on the 3-universal–prismatic–universal parallel mechanism theory, providing a theoretical foundation for evaluating the sensor’s performance. To validate the accuracy of the stiffness model, finite element software is utilized for simulation-based verification. Subsequently, a calibration experiment is performed on the sensor, yielding results that conclusively show an error margin of less than 5% between experimental and theoretical values, satisfying the design criteria for sensor measurement.
Robot error compensation strategy based on error sensitivity
Authors: Xu Shuo , Lv Hangyu , Han Ming , Jia Xiaohui , Liu Jinyue , Li Tiejun
Published: September 2024

Due to the errors in manufacturing and assembly, there are differences between the actual model and the theoretical model of the robot, which affects the positioning accuracy of the robot end-effector. In order to improve the accuracy of robot end-effector position, a robot error compensation strategy based on error sensitivity is proposed.Firstly, the robot kinematic model is established by Denavit–Hartenberg method, and the sensitivity of end-effector position error is analyzed. According to the influence degree of different kinematic parameters on the robot end-effector position accuracy in the whole workspace, different weights are given to different kinematic parameters. Secondly, the kinematic error model is established, and the redundancy of the error parameter matrix is analyzed to obtain an independent error model. Thirdly, based on the error sensitivity analysis, a weighted Levenberg–Marquard algorithm with adaptive penalty factor is proposed, and the kinematic parameters are iteratively identified. Finally, an error compensation experiment is carried out by using a universal serial six-degree-of-freedom robot. The experimental results show that the maximum error, mean absolute error and root mean square error of the position error on the test set are reduced by 90.75%, 89.86% and 95.64% respectively. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for robot end error compensation.
Inquiring into a spectral concept in the physics classroom
Authors: Ng Russell , Park Joonhyeong
Published: September 2024

We designed an inquiry activity to investigate the question ‘How transparent are transparent films and papers?’ Using an easily-replicable set up, we observed the effect of increasing the number of transparent films, thin papers and general papers between a light source and a light sensor. For each material, one sheet was added each time. The amount of light received was collected and graphed by a data logger. Our findings show that, as the number of sheets increases, the amount of light received at the receiver decreases. The general paper and thin paper stacks took 4 sheets and 10 sheets respectively to achieve negligible light transmittance. The transparent film stack did not achieve negligible light transmittance, but successive addition of sheets did lower transmittance. Evidently, transparent films are not perfectly transparent. Transparency (and opacity) is not a binary condition, but rather a continuum based on boundary conditions. The inquiry activity developed through this study, which investigates a spectrum of transparency in films and papers, may be useful for students to appreciate the spectral nature of the transparency concept across different materials.
Image of the solid-state rotary motion encoded in the dielectric response
Authors: Rams-Baron Marzena , Błażytko Alfred , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Lodowski Piotr , Książek Maria , Kusz Joachim , Mozga Witold , Fordymacka Marta , Teymouri Mahshid , Krzywik Julia , Paluch Marian
Published: September 2024

The future development of advanced molecular systems with controlled rotation requires the development of an effective methodology for assessing the rotational performance of artificial machine components. We identified two patterns of the dielectric behavior for polar rotators in a static non-polar framework of sizable crystal showing relations between the spectral and molecular-level features of solid-state rotary motion. Various functionalization of phenylene rotors with a fluorine atom(s) changed rotational performance from high to low with rotational barriers ranging from 6.06 to 11.84 kcal mol−1. The meta-F-substitution favored rotator-rotator contacts allowing for the implementation of fast rotary motion. Contrary, the presence of rotator-stator contacts inhibited independent rotator dynamics leading to opposite spectral behavior in terms of temperature evolution of loss peak amplitude. Our observations, supported by an analysis based on an asymmetric double well-potential model, show that easily noticeable spectral differences encoded some molecular-level information important for the implementation of rotary motion.
Performance improvement of red, green and blue InGaN micro-LEDs with distributed Bragg reflector
Authors: Ren Tianyang , Ruan Yuandong , Yan Lintao , Shan Xinyi , Shen Daqi , Tan Cuili , Cui Xugao , Tian Pengfei
Published: September 2024

Red–green–blue (RGB) micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) without distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), with air-separating DBR, and with integrated DBR, were demonstrated. The effect of the DBRs as reflectors on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and electroluminescence spectra enhancement of RGB micro-LEDs was systematically investigated for realizing higher-performance micro-LEDs for display applications. At 5 A cm−2, the EQEs of the RGB micro-LEDs with integrated DBR were improved by 38%, 33%, and 32%, respectively, with comparison to the RGB DBR free micro-LEDs. Further, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the red micro-LEDs was reduced by 4.3 nm at 50 A cm−2 with the integrated DBR due to the higher enhancement of the central wavelength spectrum. The green and blue micro-LEDs with integrated DBR had higher EQE and the red micro-LEDs with integrated DBR had narrower FWHM compared to those with air-separating DBR. However, the peak wavelength of the RGB micro-LEDs with integrated DBR shifted, resulting in a lower color gamut in CIE 1931. The above work provides guidance for future full-color micro-display applications based on RGB InGaN micro-LED technology.
Defect-induced localization of information scrambling in 1D Kitaev model
Authors: Muruganandam Varadharajan , Sajjan Manas , Kais Sabre
Published: September 2024

We discuss one-dimensional(1D) spin compass model or 1D Kitaev model in the presence of local bond defects. Three types of local disorders concerning both bond-nature and bond-strength that occur on kitaev materials have been investigated. Using exact diagonalization, two-point spin-spin structural correlations and four-point Out-of-Time-Order Correlators(OTOC) have been computed for the defective spin chains. The proposed quantities give signatures of these defects in terms of their responses to location and strength of defects. A key observation is that the information scrambling in the OTOC space gets trapped at the defect site giving rise to the phenomena of localization of information scrambling thus making these correlators a suitable diagnostic tool to detect and characterize these defects.
Research on Bursapherenchus Xylophophilus Disease Recognition Based on HSV Space
Authors: Luo Xuejiao , Deng Yage , Hu Yunxia , Xu Fangfang , Ye Tong
Published: September 2024

This study aims at the shortcomings of traditional artificial ground detection methods for Bursapherenchus xylophophilus disease and applies HSV(Hue-Saturation-Value) color model to realize automatic identification of Bursapherenchus xylophophilus disease and determine its degree of disaster.The entire process is divided into forest data collection, image processing, nematode disease identification and grade determination.The study conducted repeated comparisons and adjusted HSV threshold tests to obtain the HSV threshold with optimal recognition results, and then identify Bursaphelenchus xylophophilus disease and calculate its disease severity. This method is simple to operate and has good identification effects. It can also effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of pine wood nematode diagnosis. It can be widely used in the field of agriculture and forestry to help better complete disease detection and carry out prevention and control measures more accurately, thereby effectively Protect forest natural resources and improve forestry production efficiency.
A Solar-Wind based EV Charging Station Model using MATLAB Simulink
Authors: Reddy Birudala Venkatesh , Chengaiah Prof. Ch.
Published: September 2024

Transportation is becoming more and more necessary every day. One such form of transportation that has been around for a century is the electric vehicle (EV). It has less of an effect on pollution, climate change, and resource depletion because it requires less resources. Many people find it challenging to charge their electric cars in off-grid locations, which lowers the uptake of EVs. In this scenario, a charging station powered by locally available renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biogas, and tidal energy would be a better option. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine a charging station model from renewable energy sources Solar and Wind. The solar-wind energy-based charging system drastically cuts down on the amount of fossil fuels used to generate electricity, which also minimizes emissions of CO2 and carbon-related pollutants. Wind and solar energy are used in conjunction and are complementary to one another. A charging controller which takes into account State of Charge (SOC), the number of linked EVs, and the arrival time of those EVs is used. The power transfer will be managed by this controller. By carefully considering each level, including the solar plant, wind plant, battery storage system, and controlling technology, the charging station is modeled in the best possible way. Simple model is used to describe each stage of the charging station, and designed with appropriate mathematical formulae. By understanding the demand for charging and pairing it with the appropriate energy storage system and auxiliary devices, this charging model can be used in off-grid locations.