bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN SELF ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) CALON GURU MATEMATIKA BERBASIS HOTs
Authors: Zaeni Ahmad , Rahayu Wardani , Makmuri Makmuri
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen TPACK bermuatan kata kerja operasional Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs). Instrumen disusun berdasarkan tujuh domain yaitu: Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK) Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan dengan pendekatan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 111 calon guru matematika di Cirebon. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menilai TPACK calon guru matematika yang memiliki HOTs. Studi validitas menggunakan rumus Aikens. Hasil penelitian menyatakan instrumen TPACK berbasis HOTs valid dan reliabel, dengan tingkat reliabilitas sebesar 0,95. Instrumen TPACK berbasis HOTs telah layak digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam menilai TPACK calon guru matematika.
Avaliação da aceitação, crenças, percepção e nível de conhecimento parental acerca da vacina do Papilomavírus Humano
Authors: De Brito André Carneiro , Costa Wagner do Carmo , Carbonell Roberto Carlos Cruz , Ferreira Ana Iara Costa , Ribeiro Leila Braga , Nakashima Fabiana , Ticianeli José Geraldo , Da Fonseca Allex Jardim , Machado Luiz Fernando Almeida , Costa Bianca Jorge Sequeira
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a aceitação, crenças, e nível de conhecimento dos pais de crianças e adolescentes, entre 9 e 14 anos, acerca da vacina contra o HPV. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, envolvendo 300 pais ou responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes entre 9 e 14 anos, realizado entre agosto de 2019 e dezembro de 2020, por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: Demonstraram associações estatisticamente significativas ser mulher e já ter ouvido falar em HPV (p=0,003), ser mulher e já ter ouvido falar sobre a vacina do HPV (p=<0,001), ter maior nível de escolaridade e vacinar seus filhos contra o HPV (p=<0,001), ter uma religião e acreditar que a vacinação estimularia o início precoce da vida sexual dos filhos (p=0,01) e pertencer às religiões evangélicas e Testemunha de Jeová e não vacinar os filhos contra o HPV (p=0,01). Conclusão: O maior nível de escolaridade dos pais e as crenças religiosas foram primordiais para a adesão à vacinação, ficando clara a necessidade de que os mecanismos de transmissão de informação existentes sejam revistos para que atinjam realmente seus propósitos junto a população de Boa Vista.
Large Scale Membrane Movement Induced by a Cation Switch
Authors: John Laura. H. , Preston Gail. M. , Sansom Mark S. P. , Clifton Luke
Published: March 2021

A biomembrane sample system where millimolar changes of cations induce reversible large scale (≥ 200 Å) changes in the membrane-to-surface distance is described. The system composes of a free-floating bilayer (FFB), formed adjacent to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). To examine the membrane movements, differently charged FFBs in the presence and absence of Ca2+ and Na+, respectively, were examined using neutron reflectivity (NR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, alongside molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In NR the variation of Ca2+ and Na+ concentration enabled precision manipulation of the FFB-to-surface distance. Simulations suggest that Ca2+ ions bridge between SAM and bilayer whereas the more diffuse binding of Na+, especially to bilayers, is unable to fully overcome the repulsion between anionic FFB and anionic SAM. Reproduced NR results with QCM demonstrate the potential of this easily producible sample system to become a standard analysis tool for e.g. investigating membrane binding effects, endocytosis and cell signalling.
Spin-Labelled Mechanically Interlocked Molecules as Models for the Interpretation of Biradical EPR Spectra
Authors: Gualandi Lorenzo , Franchi Paola , Mezzina Elisabetta , Goldup Stephen , lucarini marco
Published: March 2021

Biradical spin probes can provide detailed information about the distances between molecules/regions of molecules because the through-space coupling of radical centres, characterised by J, is strongly distance dependent. However, if the system can adopt multiple configurations, as is common in supramolecular complexes, the shape of the EPR spectrum is influenced not only by J but also the rate of exchange between different states. In practice, it is often hard to separate these variables and as a result, the effect of the latter is sometimes overlooked. To demonstrate this challenge unequivocally we synthesised rotaxane biradicals containing nitronyl nitroxide units at the termini of their axles. The rotaxanes exchange between the available biradical conformations more slowly than the corresponding non-interlocked axles but, despite this, in some cases, the EPR spectra of the axle and rotaxane remain remarkably similar. Detailed analysis allowed us to demonstrate that the similar EPR spectral shapes result from different combinations of J and rates of conformational interconversion, a phenomenon suggested theoretically more than 50 years ago. This work reinforces the idea that thorough analysis must be performed when interpreting the spectra of biradicals employed as spin probes in solution.
Adjustable Positive-Negative Signal in Self-Driven Photodetector based on Cubic CH3NH3PbI3 Large Single Crystal
Authors: Fu Xuewei , Wang Yunying , Zhou Huawei , Chen Yan , Wang Chen , Hu Xingchen , Wang Yi , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi
Published: March 2021

In this study, for the first time, self-driven photodetector based on cubic CH3NH3PbI3 large single crystal (C-MAPbI3 LSC) with adjustable positive-negative signal is fabricated. The preparation of MAPbI3 large single crystal (MAPbI3 LSC) is realized by the method of growth-drop-growth (GDG). The band gap of MAPbI3 single crystals with Pm-3m (221) space group (6.134×6.134×6.134 Å, 90.00 x 90.00 x 90.00) is 1.58 eV. CH3NH3+ cation is orientation-disorder within the perovskite cubo-octahedral cavity. The photocurrent density at 803 nm of the C-MAPbI3 LSC photodetector under different bias voltages is the highest under different wavelength. The responsivities (R), response time, external quantum efficiencies (EQE) and the detectivity (D) for C-MAPbI3 LSC photodetector at 803 nm wavelength with 1 W m-2, respectively, is 508.7 µA/mW, 0.1338 ms, 79.6% and 8.64*1011 Jones. Notably, the C-MAPbI3 LSC photodetector can be self-driven under 0 V bias voltage, in particular, the positive and negative values of the photocurrent can be adjusted. The proposed mechanism of poling inducing built-in potential is explained adjustable positive-negative signal in self-driven photodetector based on cubic CH3NH3PbI3 large single crystal.
Thermodynamic Cyclic Voltammograms: Peak Positions and Shapes
Authors: Hörmann Nicolas G , Reuter Karsten
Published: March 2021

Based on a mean-field description of thermodynamic cyclic voltammograms (CVs), we analyse here in full generality, how CV peak positions and shapes are related to the underlying interface energetics, in particular when also including electrostatic double layer (DL) effects. We show in particular, how non-Nernstian behaviour is related to capacitive DL charging, and how this relates to common adsorbate-centered interpretations such as a changed adsorption energetics due to dipole-field interactions and the electrosorption valency -- the number of exchanged electrons upon electrosorption per adsorbate. Using Ag(111) in halide-containing solutions as test case, we demonstrate that DL effects can introduce peak shifts that are already explained by rationalizing the interaction of isolated adsorbates with the interfacial fields, while alterations of the peak shape are mainly driven by the coverage-dependence of the adsorbate dipoles. In addition, we analyse in detail how changing the experimental conditions such as the ion concentrations in the solvent but also of the background electrolyte can affect the CV peaks via their impact on the potential drop in the DL and the DL capacitance, respectively. These results suggest new routes to analyse experimental CVs and use of those for a detailed assessment of the accuracy of atomistic models of electrified interfaces e.g. with and without explicitly treated interfacial solvent and/or approximate implicit solvent models.
On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Encapsulated on a Platinum Modified Gold Microband Electrode
Authors: Madden Julia , Barrett Colm , Laffir Fathima , Thompson Michael , Galvin Paul , O'Riordan Alan
Published: March 2021

We report a two-step electrodeposition process incorporating glucose oxidase onto a platinum- modified gold microband electrode with an o-phenylenediamine and ß-cyclodextrin mixture. The bare microband electrodes were fabricated on silicon using standard microfabrication methods i.e. lithography and etching techniques. The two-step electrode modification process was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The enzymatic based microband biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose from 2.5-15 mM using both linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements in buffer based solutions. The resulting miniaturized glucose sensor presented a number of advantages such as ease of use, fast response time, measuring within physiologically relevant glucose concentrations in addition to sensing in small sample volumes without the need for an external counter and reference electrode. The biosensor performance was tested in 30 µl volumes of undiluted fetal bovine serum. Whilst a reduction in signal was evident within 100 % serum samples, the sensor achieved linear glucose detection with increasing glucose concentrations (2-12 mM).
Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol Over Orthorhombic Molybdenum Carbide: A DFT and Microkinetic Study
Authors: Agrawal Kushagra , Roldan Alberto , Kishore Nanda , Logsdail Andrew J
Published: March 2021

The hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol is modelled over a (100) β-Mo2C surface using density functional theory and microkinetic simulations. The thermochemistry of the process shows that the demethoxylation of the guaiacol, to form phenol, will be the initial steps, with a reaction energy of 29 kJ/mol (i.e. endothermic) and a highest activation barrier of 112 kJ/mol. Subsequently, the dehydroxylation of the phenol, which has a rate-determining activation barrier of 145 kJ/mol, will lead to the formation of benzene, with an overall reaction energy for conversion from guaiacol of -91 kJ/mol (i.e. exothermic). The sp2 and sp hybridized carbon atoms of the molecular functional groups are found to dissociate on the surface with minimum energy barriers, while the hydrogenation of the adsorbed molecules requires higher energy. The microkinetic modelling, which is performed considering typical reaction conditions of 500 to 700 K, and a partial pressure ratio H2:guaiacol of 1, shows quick formation and accumulation of phenol on the surface with increasing temperature, although high temperatures mitigate the guaiacol adsorption step. Based on simulated temperature programmed desorption (TPD), maximum conversion of guaiacol can be expected at 70% surface coverage of this species.
Embedded Microbubbles for Acoustic Manipulation of Single Cells and Microfluidic Applications
Authors: Läubli Nino , Gerlt Michael , Wüthrich Alexander , Lewis Renard , Shamsudhin Naveen , Kutay Ulrike , Ahmed Daniel , Dual Jürg , Nelson Bradley J.
Published: March 2021

Acoustically excited microstructures have demonstrated significant potential for small scale biomedical applications by overcoming major microfluidic limitations. Recently, the application of oscillating microbubbles has demonstrated their superiority over acoustically excited solid structures due to their enhanced acoustic streaming at low input power. However, their limited temporal stability hinders their direct applicability for industrial or clinical purposes. Here, we introduce the embedded microbubble, a novel acoustofluidic design based on the combination of solid structures (polydimethylsiloxane) and microbubbles (air-filled cavity) to combine benefits of both approaches while minimizing their drawbacks. We investigate the influence of various design parameters and geometrical features through numerical simulations and experimentally evaluate their manipulation capabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of our design for microfluidic applications by investigating its mixing performance as well as through the controlled rotational manipulation of individual HeLa cells.
Evaluation of Refractive Errors in Children
Authors: Krithiga M  , Xavier Jayaseelan C
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in children. Children of selected ages will be identified for visual acuity measurement, and primary eye examination will be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the refractive errors in children in Saveetha medical college. A comprehensive eye examination was performed, and children with different types of refractive errors were found out. A total of 100 children were taken for the study. The sample size of the study is 100. Eye examination was performed, and refractive error was evaluated. The refractive errors that are most common in the affected age groups can be found out. The most common refractive error was found to be myopia, followed by hypermetropia and then astigmatism. This study helps to identify the most common type of error, and the causes can be found out. This is also helpful in the prevention of these errors. Early diagnosis will lead to proper and effective treatment. When these errors are left untreated, it can cause other severe effects in the eye. Awareness should be created among both the children and the parents about this problem, and the importance of regular eye examination can be stressed through this study.
Особенности электронного и колебательного строения пниктидов BeC—V2
Authors: Басалаев Ю.М. , Басалаева М.Ю. , Гордиенко А.Б.
Published: March 2021

Изучено электронное и колебательное строение гипотетических кристаллов BeC—V2 (V = N, P, As, Sb) со структурой халькопирита, в приближении обобщенных градиентов электронной плотности GGA получены энергетические и фононные зонные спектры, карты распределения деформационной плотности заряда валентных электронов, вычислены частоты оптических колебаний, упругие постоянные, модули упругости, микротвердости и параметры Грюнайзена. Выявлены особенности изменения энергетических зонных спектров, карт распределения деформационной плотности валентных электронов и частотных спектров, обусловленные ролью атомов углерода в химических связях C—V.
Синтез, строение и физико-химические свойства молекулярных кластерных комплексов рения с терминальными лигандами — молекулами 4-фенилпиридина
Authors: Улантиков А.А. , Гайфулин Я.М. , Сухих Т.С. , Рядун А.А. , Рыжиков М.Р. , Миронов Ю.В.
Published: March 2021

Четыре новых кластерных комплекса рения с общей формулой транс-[Re6Q8(ppy)4X2]n(ppy) (Q = S, Se; X = Cl, Br; ppy = 4-фенилпиридин) получены взаимодействием солей Csn[Re6Q8X6]·2H2O (Q = S, n = 4; Q = Se, n = 3; X = Cl или Br) с расплавом 4-фенилпири­дина. Исследование монокристаллов соединений методом РСА показало, что их структуры содержат молекулярные фрагменты транс-[Re6Q8(ppy)4X2], упакованные вместе с сольватными молекулами 4-фенилпиридина и связанные с этими молекулами слабыми взаимодействиями, которые включают водородные связи и p-стекинг ароматических колец. Обнаружено, что тип упаковки различается для разных галогенидных и халькогенидных лигандов кластерного комплекса. Полученные соединения нерастворимы в воде и органических растворителях. Изучение люминесценции кристаллических образцов показало, что вещества проявляют эмиссию в красной области спектра с максимумами на 708—718 нм, квантовыми выходами эмиссии 0.01—0.03 и временами жизни эмиссии порядка 4 мкс. В электронной структуре соединений присутствуют лигандцентрированные уровни LUMO—LUMO+3, локализованные между металлцентрированными HOMO и LUMO+4.
The Use of Social Networks to Activate the Optimal Communication between the College and its Students Facebook as Model
Authors:   College of applied administrative and financial sciences, Belhaj Eyad , Omran Abdulsalam ,   College of applied administrative and financial sciences
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to identify the degree of use of social networking, Facebook in the activation of optimal communication between the college and its students, by measuring the degrees of publishing, response and privacy, In addition to reveal whether there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample used in the study attributed to the variables of the study i.e. sex, specialization, in order to reach a proposed concept. The study used the descriptive analytical method to achieve its objectives. the data were collected by means of a questionnaire prepared specifically for the purposes of the study and consisted of (16) paragraphs, which was verified for its validity and reliability, then it was distributed to the sample of the study which consists of (322) students male and female From the College of Applied Administrative and Financial Sciences (CAAFS) Tripoli. After conducting the necessary statistical analyzes, the study found that the degree of using the social network to activate the optimal communication between the college and its students was "medium", the scores of the college's use of its page in communicating with its students (publishing, response, privacy) were (high, weak, weak) respectively. It also did not reveal statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the responses of the study sample on the communication questionnaire according to the study variables i.e. sex, specialization. The study ended with a proposal to use the social network, Facebook to activate the optimal communication between the college and its students.
SALES GROWTH SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PADA PENGARUH SOLVABILITAS DAN DEFERRED TAX EXPENSE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Noviani Ervin Ervin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze sales growth as a moderator of the effect of solvency and deferred tax expense on tax avoidance in mining companies in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study with tax avoidance as the dependent variable. Tax avoidance is measured by the effective tax rate (ETR). The independent variables studied were soilvability and deferred tax expense and the moderating variable, namely sales growth. The sample of this research is 10 mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method with certain criteria. Data analysis was performed by using classical assumption test and for hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression method. The results of this study indicate that sales growth is able to moderate the relationship of solvency to tax avoidance, sales growth is unable to moderate the relationship between deferred tax expense and tax avoidance, solvency has no significant effect on tax avoidance and deferred tax expense has a significant effect on tax avoidance

Keywords : tax avoidance, sales growth, solvabilitas, deferred tax expense
Zeytin yaprağı ilavesinin zeytinyağının bazı karakteristik özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: DOĞRU Emine , ÇELİK Şerafettin , YAKAR Yasin , ÜNVER Naciye
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, zeytin yaprağı ilavesinin Ayvalık çeşidi zeytinden üretilen zeytinyağının bazı karakteristik özelliklerine etkisinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, oda sıcaklığında 12 ay süre depolanan zeytinyağlarının serbest asitlik, peroksit değeri, toplam fenolik madde, antioksidan kapasite, indüksiyon süresi, özgül absorbans, renk ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu incelenmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmede kontrol grubu yağa oranla, yaprak ilavesiyle üretilen zeytinyağının ortalama serbest asitlik, peroksit değeri, L*, a* ve b* değerleri ile stearik asit, SFA ve MUFA oranlarında önemli düzeyde azalma, fenolik madde içeriği, antioksidan kapasite, indüksiyon süresi ile linoleik asit ve PUFA oranlarında önemli düzeyde yükselme tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında, yaprak ilavesiyle üretilen zeytinyağının oda şartlarında en az 12 aylık süre ile oksidatif stabilitesini koruduğu, yaprak ilavesinin yağın oksidasyon stabilitesine olumlu katkı sağladığı, özellikle %4 yaprak ilavesiyle üretilen zeytinyağının daha uzun süreyle oksidatif stabilitesini koruyacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effects of irrigation termination dates on grain yield, kernel moisture at harvest and some agronomic traits on maize
Authors: GÖNÜLAL Erdal , SOYLU Süleyman , ŞAHİN Mehmet
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation termination dates on maize grain yield, kernel moisture at harvest and some other agronomic traits. The relationships between irrigation termination dates and investigated traits were visually assessed through biplot analysis. Experiments were conducted for two years (2016 and 2017) with three replications. Irrigations were terminated at eight different dates (S1: R2 blister stage; S2: R3 early milk stage; S3: R3 milk stage; S4: R3 late milk stage; S5: R4 dough stage; S6: R5 early dent stage; S7: R5 dented stage; S8: R5 late dent stage). Despite low kernel harvest moisture levels, early irrigation termination dates had low yield levels (S1:10460 kg ha-1 grain yield; 11.7% moisture). However, despite high yield levels, late irrigation termination dates had high kernel harvest moisture levels (S7:16100 kg ha-1 grain yield; and 18.8% moisture; S8:16240 kg ha-1 grain yield and 19.6% moisture). In terms of grain yield and harvest moisture, S4 (14050 kg ha-1 grain yield and 14.2% harvest moisture), S5 (14170 kg/ha grain yield and 15.0% moisture) and S6 (14880 kg ha-1 grain yield and 16.1% moisture) treatments had similar values and were considered to be as the most appropriate irrigation termination dates.
Kernel weight per ear varied between 150.6 (S1) and 238.7 g (S7); number of kernels per ear varied between 677 (S1) and 741 kernels (S5), ear lengths varied between 16.7 (S1) - 24.1 cm (S4), thousand-kernel weights varied between 271 g (S1) and 381 g (S8), hectoliter weights varied between 74.3 (S1) and 78.1 kg (S4) and number of days to physiological maturity varied between 112.5 (S1) and 124.5 days (S8).
A cross-sectional study analysing the association between habitual physical activity levels and quality of life in adults with asthma
Authors: AHMAD ADEEL NAZIR , EDWARDS KIMBERLEY L.
Published: March 2021

Background: People with asthma believe their condition prevents them from undertaking physical activity. The objective was to determine the association between habitual physical activity levels and the quality of life in adults with asthma and meeting the physical activity guidelines. Material/Methods: A cross-sectional survey of adults (aged >18) with asthma was conducted in three general practices in Nottingham, UK (n = 128). A self-reported short form International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire (age, gender, ethnicity and BMI) were used to collect data. Physical activity was provided in minutes for different activities to enable the habitual weekly MET-minutes to be calculated, and the quality of life score was determined. Results: Among 128 respondents, 22% met the physical activity guidelines. Mostly younger, white, male, normal weight participants had higher physical activity levels and better asthma quality of life. Mean total asthma quality of life score was 4.5. Linear regression modelling showed a positive association between the total physical activity and the quality of life score (p < 0.001); thus higher physical activity levels were associated with less/no asthma quality of life impairment (higher score). Conclusions: The majority of asthmatics in this study had low physical activity levels, did not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines and had impaired quality of life. A strong positive association between physical activity and asthma quality of life supports the view that adults with asthma should be encouraged to be sufficiently physically active, which could be associated with a better asthma related quality of life.
Children’s segment specific moderate to vigorous physical activity through a school-initiated physical activity program
Authors: GRÅSTÉN ARTO
Published: March 2021

Background: Since less than one-third of 13-year-olds in many Western countries meet the physical activity guidelines, there is a major need to promote physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine children’s segment specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through the school-initiated program. Material/Methods: The sample comprised 76 Finnish elementary school children. Accelerometers were used to investigate the patterns of segmented MVPA through 2012-2014. Repeated Measures Analysis was implemented to summarize variability between time and segments of MVPA. Results: The examination of children’s MVPA revealed that their total, weekend, and before-school activity were significant predictors for their subsequent activity. Children’s MVPA in physical education classes, before- and after-school, and during school breaks decreased through the program. Both girls and boys accumulated the majority of their weekly MVPA during weekdays and out-of-school. Conclusions: The program provedto be effective in order to sustain children’s total MVPA levels, although physical education, before- and after-school, and recess MVPA decreased through the program. Out-of-school activities seemed to be more important than in-school activities in relation to children’s total MVPA minutes, when they transfer to the higher grades. Attention should be paid to out-of-school, especially weekend, activities.
Temporal-spatial orientation in first-grade pupils from elementary school participating in Physical Education classes using Edubal educational balls
Authors: WAWRZYNIAK SARA , ROKITA ANDRZEJ , PAWLIK DAMIAN
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the level and changes in the level of temporal-spatial orientation in first-grade pupils from elementary schools who participated in Physical Education classes integrated with subject-related contents that used Edubal educational balls. Material/Methods: Research material comprised first-grade pupils from two classes in an elementary school in Wroclaw, Poland. The study was carried out during the second term of the 2013/2014 school year. Fifty-four pupils (26 girls and 18 boys) were diagnosed in total. The study employed the method of a pedagogical experiment that used the parallel groups technique (experimental class and control class). Results: In the first examination, pupils from the control group obtained better results compared to pupils from the experimental group (p=0.04). In the second examination, pupils from the experimental class obtained better results compared to those from the control group. However, the difference between the results obtained in both groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.87). Conclusions: The results obtained in the study lead to a conclusion that it is justified to carry out further studies in order to evaluate the level and possible changes in temporal-spatial orientation in first-grade pupils from elementary school who participate in Physical Education classes that use Edubal educational balls and to search for the relationships between the pupils’ temporal-spatial orientation and school performance.
Strategies of return to self-regulation among obese people: Implementation of goal’s intention and motivation to weight reduction
Authors: OBARA-GOLEBIOWSKA MALGORZATA , BRYCZ HANNA
Published: March 2021

Background: Implementation intentions is one of self-regulation strategies enabling priority goals achieving. This method is based on accurate planning of a variety of activities by which goal’s realization is more probable. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of the implementation intention technique on motivational and behavioral aspects of eating self- regulation among obese people. Material/Methods: A total of 100 obese people, abiding by a slimming program organized in an obesity clinic in Olsztyn in Poland, participated in the research. In the experimental group an implementation intentions technique for eating habit were applied. The impact of the applied method on motivational and behavioral aspects of eating self-regulation were verified through participants’ answers to the Goal’s Survey and through the tested subjects’ propensity for selecting high-calorie foods. The Goal Survey was developed solely for the purposes of this study. Results: Members of the experimental group exposed to the implementation intention strategy had higher motivation to weight reduction measured by the Goal Survey and were less likely to select high-calorie foods than the control subjects. Conclusions: Implementation of goal’s intention is an efficient technique which improves motivation to weight reduction and effectively modifies eating habits among obese people. Application of the above method in psychological intervention of obesity treatment can constitute one of the factors enabling process of changing eating habits and losing weight.
Self-regulation strategies used by men and women attending to fitness clubs
Authors: SAS-NOWOSIELSKI KRZYSZTOF , SZOPA SYLWIA
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the self-regulation strategies used by men and women attending to fitness clubs and how they are related to the level of participants’ physical activity. Material/Methods: The participants of the study were 200 persons attending fitness clubs, including 108 women (54%) and 92 men (46%), aged 17-63 years, mean 29.18 ±9.16 years. The questionnaire measuring self-regulation strategies: goal-setting, self-monitoring, enlisting social support, self-rewarding and stimulus control were used along with Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire assessing physical activity. Results: Participants exercised on average 6.17 (±3.83) hours MVPA weekly. From the self-regulation strategies the most frequently used was goal setting. The differences between men and women were observed only in enlisting social support (t(198) = 2.92, p = 0.004, d = 0.41) and self-rewarding (t(198) = 3.30, p = 0.001, d = 0.48) which – in both sexes – are more frequently used by women. Regression analyses revealed that in both sexes goal setting was the strongest predictor of the level of exercise (men β = 0.32, women β = 0.42) and in women additionally enlisting social support (β = -0.23). Conclusions: Self-regulation strategies may be effective tool in maintaining exercise, however their use is moderate. Most frequently used is goal setting, while others are used occasionally. It would be worth to educate exercises on the possibilities of regulating their own exercise behaviors.
Typology of consumer behaviors during the 2012 UEFA European Championships
Authors: PIATKOWSKA MONIKA , GOCLOWSKA SYLWIA , ZYSKO JOLANTA
Published: March 2021

Background: Facing a growing diversity of needs, preferences and behaviors among sports events consumers, the segmentation of this market has become a key aspect in designing and implementing marketing programs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to create a 2012 UEFA Euro Championship consumer typology that adopts a segmentation method based on socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Material/Methods: Sample CAPI surveys were conducted among viewers of the 2012 UEFA European Championship (N = 1,000). Consumer profiles were analyzed by adopting basic criteria of marketing segmentation based on socio-economic, demographic and psychographic variables. Due to a hierarchical clustering, authors obtained five groups of consumers: heavy, moderate, light, very light and non-viewers. Results: The study proved that an individually prepared therapeutic program including postisometric relaxation and combination therapy improves ROM in all planes of hip joins in osteoarthritis. It was also stated that after 2 pain assessment tests (the VAS and Laitinen scales) the therapy was confirmed to be a successful method in pain relief. The researchers also noticed that systematically conducted therapy led to reducing the incidence of pain which is manifested by limitation of pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: Data analysis showed a relationship between consumer behaviors and the respondents’ gender, age, place of residence. A new typology of segments of Euro 2012 fans was created.
An assessment of shape of the longitudinal and the transverse foot arch in male and female pole vaulters
Authors: OPANOWSKA MONIKA , PRETKIEWICZ-ABACJEW ELZBIETA
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of the research was to assess the longitudinal and the transverse shape of the foot arch in male and female pole vaulters. Material/Methods: The research involved 14 women and 16 men training pole vault professionally and possessing the highest level of sport’s proficiency. The assessment of the foot arch was made in static conditions, using a podoscope. The longitudinal foot arch was assessed by Clarke’s method and the transverse foot arch was based on the calcaneal angle. Results: The obtained results showed that the correct and excessive foot arch occur most frequently. Conclusions: Numerous technical exercises performed by pole vaulters on the forefoot and toes strengthen the foot (shortening muscles responsible for a proper level of the longitudinal and the transverse foot arch) and result in the correct or excessive arch in the right and the left foot.
An assessment of the impact of special training of inspiratory muscles in a fitness classes programme on physical capacity of 20-25-year-old women
Authors: CYBULSKA AGNIESZKA , DROBNIK PAWEL
Published: March 2021

Background: In the process of modernising and improving physical fitness classes on offer, there is a growing trend to complement them with extra means characterized by different directions of interactions. Training of respiratory muscles (TRM) is one of them used in sports training but also increasingly more often in health training. The aim of the study was to as- sess changes in physical capacity under the influence of 6 weeks' training of a different type of inspiratory muscles incorporated into the programme of fitness classes for women aged 20-25 years. Material/Methods: The study involved 33 not training professionally young women aged 20-25 years. To assess the capacity of the respiratory sytem, dynamic spirometry was performed with a use of the K4b2 Spirometry apparatus by Cosmed company, and inspiratory muscle strength was measured with a use of a respiratory pressure meter by Micro Medical. Aerobic capacity was evaluated based on a direct method, using an incremental load test until exhaustion. Measurements were taken before and after a training session throughout six weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. Results: As a result of a six-week special training in the POWERbreathe group there was a significant increase in spirometric indices compared to the initial measurement: FVC l (BTPS), FEV1 l (BTPS), PEF (l·secˉ1), MVV (l·minˉ1), MIP (-mH2O). However, apart from the above-mentioned effects in the group of those training with bands also a significant increase in MEP (cmH2O) was noted compared to the control group. Conclusions: The special inspiratory muscles training programme improved the functionality of the respiratory system, which is revealed in the increase in indicators characterizing aerobic capacity (with no significant influence on changing the body composition). The results obtained in our study indicate the possibility of practical application of respiratory training simulators in health and recreational physical activities enabling the growth of aerobic capacity of those exercising.
Specifics of morphological factor among girls practicing artistic gymnastics at the stage of basic training
Authors: PILEWSKA WIESLAWA , PILEWSKI ROBERT , BARCZEWSKA AGNIESZKA
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the specificity of somatic build among girls practicing artistic gymnastics at the basic stage of training. Material/Methods: The study involved 12 8.9-year-old girls practicing artistic gymnastics at BKSG "Zawisza". The girls had 3.4 years of professional training experience and were affected by a six-week training (3-4 hours a day). They had the level of youth class. Anthropometric measurements of selected somatic characteristics have been taken. The results were subject to anthropology-specific classifications and statistical analysis. With the use of an expert method, the rating of technical preparation among gymnasts was made. The evaluation was performed by a team consisting of five experts - licensed referees. Results: The values of selected features and morphological indicators showed to be related to the gymnastsf technical level. Interdependence (p ≥ 0.05) was revealed in the body height, shoulders width and the shoulders indicator (a directly proportional character of correlation) and by the hips width (an inversely proportional correlation). The size of the critical correlation coefficient close to statistical significance was observed also for the body weight and for the thigh and lower leg perimeters. The results showed that during the early stages of training, requirements of the discipline favoured girls with bigger parameters of height, and weight - which does not coincide with the somatic model occurring among adult gymnasts. Conclusions: In artistic gymnastics at early stages of education the requirements and specificity of the discipline (concerning the body height and the body weight) were not contiguous to the somatic model of mature artistic gymnasts. This aspect should be taken into account when conducting level-based assessments and projecting the development of young adepts of artistic gymnastics as well as developing classification programs in the youngest sport classes (choosing exercise elements which would be associated as little as possible with a somatic factor deviating from the model of the discipline) or enabling their performance on modified gymnastic equipment specially adapted to the children' capabilities.
Imagery use in rehabilitation after the knee joint arthroscopy
Authors: WILCZYNSKA DOMINIKA , LYSAK ANNA , PODCZARSKA-GLOWACKA MAGDALENA
Published: March 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the efficiency of visualization training based on motivating instructions of a general character in order to increase the knee joint mobility, reduce pain and increase the quadriceps muscle mass of the thigh in patients after the knee joint arthroscopy. Material/Methods: F10 outpatient clinic patients after arthroscopy of the knee joint (average age 35 yrs) were subject to research. Physiotherapeutic treatment comprised an improvement program to increase the range of flexion in the knee joint (full ROM), align limbs circumference and reduce pain. The research group was divided into 2 subgroups. In group I, the control group, improving exercises and physical treatment were applied, while in group II, the experimental one, improvement and physical treatment program was expanded with visualization. The sample selection was random. Results: The research showed that, irrespective of the time after operation, the experimental group felt less pain than the control one, when the latter used classical methods of joint improvement. It was also stated that regardless of the time after operation, the group using visualization achieved greater improvement in the knee flexion than the standard group. The scientists also claimed that the increase in post-operative limb circumference depended on the applied therapeutic method. In the group with a visualization program a linear growth of limb circumference with the passage of time was observed. The experimental group achieved greater improvement in the post-operative leg circumference than the control group. Conclusions: The study shows that visualization may be an effective supplement of a therapeutic procedure; however, deeper evaluation of its efficacy at different stages of patient’s improvement requires further research and observations.
Motor abilities necessary to be successful at dancing
Authors: VLAŠIĆ JADRANKA , OREB GORAN , HORVATIN-FUČKAR MAJA
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the relation between motor abilities and the rate of success in dancing of 85 students of the Faculty of Kinesiology. Efficiency in dancing was represented by the marks given to the subjects by five experts after performing each dance on the basis of a video recording. The variables’ sample to determine motor abilities consisted of the results achieved by measuring motor abilities of coordination, realization of rhythmical structures, balance, movement frequency, flexibility and explosive strength. By means of regression analysis a statistically significant relationship was established between a predictor set of the students’ motor abilities and the overall dancing efficiency criterion (R = 0.67), the predictor set and the folk dances efficiency criterion (R = 0.67) and the predictor set and the social dances’ efficiency criterion (R = 0.62) (p < 0.01). Predictors with the highest rate of the relationship of the predictor set with the overall dancing efficiency criterion and folk dancing efficiency are drumming without the rhythm and side-steps with a 360° turn. The students with a higher level of rhythmic abilities and coordination will be more successful in performing dancing structures.
Adolescents' actual appearance and body image self-assessment
Authors: ŁYSAK ANNA , WILCZYŃSKA DOMINIKA , WALENTUKIEWICZ ANNA , KARASIEWICZ KAROL , SKONIECZNY PAWEŁ
Published: March 2021

The body image is one of the most important components of self-esteem which corresponds with the psycho-physical health of the individual. The purpose of the study was to search for the relationship between the actual figure and body image. The research was conducted in 2014 among 830 adolescents. Sample selection was random. Actual figure was defined by the body composition, BMI and the distribution of body fat. Body image was assessed with Stunkard's Figure Rating Scale. Statistical analysis was performed based on the software Statistical Package for Social Science. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant strong correlation between the real somatic self assessment and actual figure, and the strongest indicator for the development of self-image is BMI and fat mass. The results also indicated that real somatic self is explained in 49%, and ideal somatic self in approx. 30% Stable body self-esteem is an essential part of human mental health and an appropriate level of body fat which allows to determine the actual figure, can protect individuals from many civilization diseases in the future.
As campanhas contra o Influenza e seu caráter educacional: análise do material produzido em 2016
Authors: Souza Giovana Marcelino Stilben de , Rodrigues Mariana Peres , Santos Matheus Marques da Silva , Bento Leda Marcia Araujo , Sales Antônio
Published: March 2021

O avanço das complicações desenvolvidas pelas doenças é notável, tanto no número crescente de mortes quanto no de internações, sendo o vírus Influenza um dos representantes dos causadores desses males. Dessa forma, buscam-se maneiras eficazes de prevenir doenças como a gripe; entre tais medidas estão lavar as mãos com frequência, não compartilhar determinados objetos e, como ação mais eficaz, a vacinação. Por tal motivo, o trabalho em que se baseia este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar os tipos de conteúdo presentes em materiais elaborados pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil para campanha de vacinação contra a gripe no ano de 2016. A pesquisa faz uso das categorias de análise prescritas por Antoni Zabala acerca das práticas de ensino e aprendizagem. No decorrer da análise foi observado que o modo como o material foi elaborado em 2016 e a forma como foram dispostos os conteúdos, imagéticos e textuais, podem influenciar a eficácia das campanhas de vacinação.
Movimento Body Positive no Instagram: reflexões sobre a estetização da saúde na sociedade neoliberal
Authors: Conde Thais Nascimento , Seixas Cristiane Marques
Published: March 2021

Com o avanço das tecnologias de informação, as redes sociais estão inseridas diretamente no cotidiano dos indivíduos e refletem o modo como grupos e indivíduos constroem suas relações sociais, afetivas e laborais. Considerando que a percepção sobre os corpos é influenciada pelos canais de comunicação, este trabalho procura discutir o crescimento do movimento Body Positive (BoPo) em perfis do Instagram, tendo em vista a estetização da saúde e o efeito de influência e controle que são exercidos sobre a relação dos indivíduos com seus corpos. Para tanto, toma-se como referência a análise dos mecanismos neoliberais de controle e modulação de subjetividades marcados pela exigência de desempenho máximo e pela permanente concorrência consigo mesmo e com os outros. Procura-se apresentar uma reflexão crítica sobre a capacidade de captura dos mecanismos de controle em redes sociais que, em associação ao mercado capitalista, produzem novas roupagens para antigos dispositivos de poder.
Rekayasa Limbah Cangkang Pilla Ampullacea Sebagai Penyaring Air Rumahan Dengan Variasi Ketebalan
Authors: Bahtiar Ahmad Doni Mutiara
Published: March 2021

Rekayasa cangkang keong sawah (Pilla Ampellacea) ini adalah upaya pemanfaaatan limbah cangkang keong sawah yang selama ini hanya dibuang begitu saja supaya mempunyai nilai lebih yang bermanfaat untuk masyarakat.  Serta cangkang keong sawah mudah untuk diternakan dan hidup bebas di daerah tropis seperti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah gagasan baru menggunakan cangkah keoang sawah sebagai membrane penyaring air kran di perumahan untuk mengikat logam-logam yang berbahaya  apabila dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Selain logam-logam yang berbahaya juga mengikat bakteri e-coli yang menyebabkan diare. Cangkang keong sawah tersebut dicuci dengan larutan asam asetat dan disikat sampai bersih. Kemudian di giling sampai berbentuk serbuk dan mengalami berbagai macam perlakuan sampai terbentuk membran saringan air. Penelitian ini sebagai awal untuk mengatahui kemampuan keefetifan cangkang keong sawah sebagai media untuk menyaring air dalam mengikat logam dan bakteri di air. Tentunya penelitian berikutnya akan tetap dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui seberapa kemampuan teknis dari kekuatan membran terhadap tekanan air.Untuk mengetahui membran yang efektif untuk menyaring air dari kran perumahan maka dilakukan variasi ketebalan membran yaitu 2,4,6,8 mm