bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1930’lu Yıllar Amerikan Tiyatrosunda Toplumsal Eleştiri ve Clifford Odets
Authors: Bese Ahmet
Published: December 2018

Yazın ve sanat ürünlerinin, yaratıldığı dönemde yaşanan politik, toplumsal ve ekonomik koşullardan etkilendiği yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Amerika’da, 1930’lu yılların ekonomik dengesizlikleri, kıtlık ve sınıf ayırımı gibi ‘Büyük Bunalım’ (Great Depression) yıllarının olumsuz etkileri, Nazizm ve ırk ayırımı gibi sorunlar, II. Dünya Savaşı’nın doğum sancıları ve bunlara bağlı olarak toplumun değer yargılarında yaşanan radikal değişimler, dönemin özellikle genç kuşak yazar, sanatçı ve aydınlarını sistemin sorgulanması/değişmesi yönünde belirli bir politik seçenek arayışına yönlendirir. Amerika’da ortaya çıkan genç kuşak yazarlar sisteme karşı toplumsal eleştiri ve yeni bir politik hareket düşüncesinde birleşirler. Bu yazarlar arasında Clifford Odets’in yapıtları yaşadığı dönemin politik, tarihsel ve kültürel yapısını en çarpıcı biçimde yansıtmaktadır (Beşe 143-158). 1935’te yazdığı, Waiting for Lefty, Awake and Sing!, Till the Day I Die, Paradise Lost ve tek perdelik I Can’t Sleep adlı ilk oyunlarıyla başlayan çıkışı, Odets’i bir anda Amerikan tiyatrosunun merkezine taşır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, döneminin önemli yazarı olarak Clifford Odets’in toplumsal eleştiri açısından önemine işaret etmektir.Abstract in English The Social Criticism and Clifford Odets in The 1930s American TheaterLiterary and art products are influenced by the political, social and economic conditions of the time they were created. The Great Depression of the 1930s in America and its negative effects such as the economic imbalances, famine and class distinction as well as problems such as Nazism and racial discrimination in the eve of the World War II and the resultant decline in the value judgments of the society lead especially young generation writers to search for a radical changes and a new political option in terms of the system. In other words, these young generation writers unite in the idea of social criticism and a new political movement against the system. Among these writers, Clifford Odets' works reflect the political, historical and cultural structure of his time in a most striking way (Beşe 143-158). His first plays written in 1935, Waiting for Lefty, Awake and Sing! Till the Day I Die, Paradise Lost and a one act, I Can’t Sleep carry Odets to the center of American theatre. The aim of this study is to point out the importance of Clifford Odets in terms of social criticism.
Conference Report: The Migration Conference 2018, Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2018

This is a brief reflection on the Migration Conference 2018, the sixth event in our conference series, was hosted by the University of Lisbon, Portugal. The Conference brought together nearly 600 international researchers. The Migration Conference series builds upon the earliest conferences held at Regent’s University London and over time has grown to become the largest global gathering of migration scholars. The thematic tracks in the conference covered various aspects of human mobility ranging from identity issues to remittances and migration law. The audience has also enjoyed the keynote speeches by distinguished speakers including Joaquin Arango from Complutense University Madrid and Ruba Salih from SOAS University of London.
Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Goularas Gökçe Bayındır
Published: December 2018

This special issue of the Border Crossing Journal seeks to bring together a collection of papers presented during the second international conference “International Migration in the 21st century”, organized in October 2017 by the Research Center of Global Education and Culture (KEKAM) of Yeditepe University in Istanbul.
Labor Migration in Qatar: A Study on the Identity of Second Generation Migrants
Authors: El Berni Hazal Muslu
Published: December 2018

Second generation migrants who were born or grew up in Qatar and studied in the same schools and environment with their Qatari counterparts represent a different case than migrant labor workers who move to Qatar through a sponsorship agreement for temporary purposes. The identity construction of second generation migrants is an issue that requires a further research since the research on international migration in the GCC countries tends to focus on low-income migrant workers with regard to human rights issues and kafala (sponsorship) agreement. There is a lack of research which intends to analyze the perceptions of second generation migrants about the characteristics of their identity and, their commonalities and differences with Qatari youth. This study mainly questions the identity construction process of second generation migrants in Qatar, how they reshape their identity and to what extent they can narrow the social gap between their Qatari counterparts and themselves.
Turkish Nationalism and the Incorporation of Migrants and Minorities into the Turkish State: a Study in the Civic and Ethnic Contours of Turkish Nationalism
Authors: Conrad-Bradshaw Jared
Published: December 2018

This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”. This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”.
International Protection System of The New Turkish Law: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Bozkurt Süheyla Balkar
Published: December 2018

International protection is the fundamental concept of international refugee law. Turkey has adopted in April 2013 a new Law No. 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) which is effective as of April 11, 2014. The major reform brought by the LFIP is, undoubtedly, the introduction of the international protection concept in Turkish law for the first time. This article aims to focus on the different statuses under which international protection will be provided according to the LFIP and to evaluate this new law vis-à-vis the international protection system in general.
Transformation of Migration Rules from Local to Global
Authors: Erkan Hakan Sezgin
Published: December 2018

In the 21st century, the scope and the size of migration are more different than previous centuries. The reason behind this is that there are no more global wars or conflicts between states and the economic developments reached the highest levels for some of the countries. Moreover, states try to increase their industrial level. Hence, the conflicts and the economic development level shape migration routes and the destination country. In this context, I will utilize geopolitics and economic development levels to classify countries. As a result of the end of global conflicts and global war, economic conditions became main determinant for migrations in the globalized world in the 21st century. In the 20th century, the scope of migration was small compared to 21st century because of various reasons. Standardized education and high level industrialization are of two main reasons. In the 21st century, the industrialization hit the top level of the world history and education took standardized structure among particular countries. In this research, all countries will be examined in detail with respect to UN Data. Furthermore, the following questions are targeted to be answered: Does migration flow from less developed countries to developed countries? Do developed countries accommodate more immigrants in their borders?
Editorial: Introducing the Journal of Gypsy Studies
Authors: Güneş Özge Burcu , Akgül Başak , Schoon Danielle V. , Sirkeci Ibrahim , Eroğlu Utku Deniz
Published: December 2018

After much preparation and hard work, we are pleased to release this inaugural issue of the Journal of Gypsy Studies which is an international, peer-reviewed journal aiming to publish quality and rigorous research and scholarship, as well as intellectual conversations/interviews, book reviews, conference reports, viewpoints, and letters on the groups known as and associated with Gypsies. As the production of academic work pertaining to the cultural, social, economic, and political lives of Gypsies is increasing, there is a need for research and theoretical contributions that centre on issues of poverty, discrimination, the sedentary/nomad divide, migration, urban policies, and citizenship and identity, among others. This is particularly important as right-wing political parties are on the rise in many countries where Roma/Gypsies live. Universities that have been influential in Romani studies are being threatened with closure, and Roma/Gypsies face violent attacks and forced evictions everyday. Although some governments and international organizations engage more and more with Roma/Gypsy organisations and development and inclusion programs, tangiable change is rare on the ground.This journal has been created by the hard work and dedication of a small team of academics initiated by Başak Akgül, Doğa Elçin, and Ibrahim Sirkeci in 2015 and among several brilliant colleagues who offered help and support, including Özge Burcu Güneş, Deniz Eroğlu Utku, Danielle V. Schoon, and Margarite Blignaut. We are grateful for their support as well as many colleagues who joined the editorial boards and served as reviewers.
Romani People and the ‘Right to the City’: Gentrification in Fevzipasa, Canakkale, Turkey
Authors: Öner Recep Volkan , Şimşek A. Aslı
Published: December 2018

Canakkale city centre has been home for many different ethnicities from the past to our present day. In time, the city centre was also defined as a protected area due to its historical and cultural value. However, major infrastructure, urban renewal, and transformation projects have emerged in the agendas of both public authorities and the private sector. Similar to the rest of the world, in Turkey, Romani people are amongst the first groups to face the discriminating and excluding effects of such projects. This study aims to explore the relationship between gentrification and the violation of Romani people’s ‘right to the city’ with a focus on the Romani neighbourhood of Fevzipasa, Canakkale.
Book reviews
Authors: Cupelin Ekaterina K. , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Review of the following books: Brazzabeni, M., M. I. Cunha & M. Fotta (Eds). 2016. Gypsy Economy: Romani Livelihoods and Notions of Worth in the 21st Century. New York: Berghahn Books.Lech Mróz (2015). Roma-Gypsy Presence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 15th-18th Centuries. Budapest: Central European University Press.
Nationalism, cosmopolitanism and statelessness: An interview with Craig Calhoun
Authors: Eliassi Barzoo
Published: December 2018

This interview with Professor Craig Calhoun expands on issues of nationalism and cosmopolitanism in relation to the question of statelessness. Since the 1990s, Calhoun has worked on nationalism, ethnicity and cosmopolitanism. For Calhoun, nations still matter despite post-national and cosmopolitan elaboration and repudiation of so-called parochial and provincialised identities like nation or national identity and citizenship. In this interview, Calhoun dis-cusses the material, political and cultural situations of the Kurds in the Middle East and the role of Kurdish nationalism in the context of statelessness. Calhoun finds class-based understanding of inequalities between the Kurds and their dominant others in the Middle East as problematic and incomplete since the cultural, political and material inequalities are intimately interlinked in rendering the Kurds to a subordinated position in the states they inhabit. The interview also engages with diasporic identities and examines how countries of residence can impinge on the identity formation of diasporas and how they obstruct or facilitate migrants translating their citizenship status into the right to have rights (Arendt). An important issue that Calhoun discusses is that there are both asymmetrical power relations between dominated (Kurdish) and dominating nationalisms (Turkish, Iraqi, Iranian and Syrian) and within the same nationalisms.
Introduction to Special Issue - Kurdish: A critical research overview
Authors: Haig Geoffrey , Öpengin Ergin
Published: December 2018

Investigation of the regional variation in Kurmanji, especially its varieties spoken in Turkey, has been almost entirely neglected in the existing literature on Kurdish. In addition to earlier isolated examinations of Kurmanji dialects (cf. MacKenzie, 1961; Ritter, 1971, 1976; Blau, 1975; Jastrow, 1977), native-speaker researchers have recently provided a substantial amount of dialect material across the Kurmanji-speech zone. However, a methodologically-informed evaluation of these observations into a dialect classification is yet to be undertaken. This article aims at providing an initial classification of Kurmanji-internal variation into major regional dialects, based on lexical, phonological and morphosyntactic data collected from five localities in Southeastern Turkey. Cihêrengiya zimanî ya navxweyî di kurmanciyê de: tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayan Di nav xebatên li ser zimanê kurdî de, heta niha, vekolîna cudatiyên devok û zaravayên kurmanciyê, bi taybetî ewên di nav sînorên Tirkiyeyê de, hema bi temamî hatiye piştguhkirin. Ji bilî çend xebatên serbixwe yên pêştir li ser zaravayên kurmancî (wek MacKenzie 1961; Ritter, 1971 û 1976; Blau, 1976; Jastrow 1977), di nav van salên dawî de vekolerên kurdîziman qewareyeke mezin a dane û materyelên ji gelek zaravayên kurmanciyê berhev kirine. Lê belê, hêj ev çavdêriyên berbelav bi rengekî metodolojîk nehatine nirxandin ku tesnîfeke zaravayan jê bi dest bikeve. Ev meqale dil dike tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayên serekî yên kurmanciyê pêşkêş bike li ser bingehê daneyên peyvî û fonolojîk û rêzimanî yên li pênc deverên başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê berhevkirî. جیاوازی ناوچەیی لەناو کرمانجیدا: پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی زاراوەکانلەناو ئەو لێکۆڵینەوانەی کە سەبارەت بە جیاوازی ناوچەیی لە کرمانجیدا ئەنجام دراوە، بەتایبەت ئەوانەی کە لەمەڕ جۆربەجۆری ئەو [زاراوانەی] کە لە تورکیا قسەیان پێ دەکرێ، بەتەواوی لەمەڕ هەبوونی ئەدەبیاتێکی هەبوو بە زمانی کوردی چاوپۆشی دەکرێت. سەرەڕای چەند تاقیکردنەوەیەکی تاک و تەرا سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجی کە پێشتر بەئەنجام گەیشتوون (بەراوردی بکەن لەگەڵ مەک‌کینزی، ١٩٦١؛ ڕیتێر، ١٩٧١ و ١٩٧٦؛ بلەو، ١٩٧٦؛ یاسترۆ، ١٩٧٧) لەم ساڵانەی دواییدا توێژەرانی کورد ڕادەیەکی بەرچاو لە مادەی پێویست سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجییان لە دەڤەری کرمانجی ئاخێودا دەستەبەر کردووە. هەرچەند بەمەبەستی پۆلینبەندی زاراوەکان، هەتاکوو ئێستا، هەڵسەنگاندنێکی مێتۆدیک و پڕزانیاری لەسەر ئەم تێڕامانانە ئەنجام نەدراوە. ئامانجی ئەم وتارە بریتییە لەوەی کە پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی لەو جیاوازییە ناوخۆییەی کە لە زاراوە سەرەکییەکانی ناوچە کرمانجی ئاخێوەکاندا هەیە بەدەستەوە بدات و بۆ ئەم مەبەستە توێژینەوەکە لەسەر بنەمای ئەو داتا وشەیی، دەنگناسی و پێکهاتەی ڕێزمانییانە ئەنجام دەدرێت کە لە پێنج ناوچەی باشوری ڕۆژهەڵاتی تورکیا کۆ کراونەتەوە.
On the linguistic history of Kurdish
Authors: Jügel Thomas
Published: December 2018

Historical linguistic sources of Kurdish date back just a few hundred years, thus it is not possible to track the profound grammatical changes of Western Iranian languages in Kurdish. Through a comparison with attested languages of the Middle Iranian period, this paper provides a hypothetical chronology of grammatical changes. It allows us to tentatively localise the approximate time when modern varieties separated with regard to the respective grammatical change. In order to represent the types of linguistic relationship involved, distinct models of language contact and language continua are set up. Li ser tarîxa zimannasî ya zimanê kurdîÇavkaniyên tarîxî yên zimanê kurdî bes bi qasî çend sedsalan kevn in, lewma em nikarin di zimanê kurdî de wan guherînên bingehî yên rêzimana zimanên îranî yên rojavayî destnîşan bikin. Ev meqale kronolojiyeke ferazî ya guherînên rêzimanî yên kurdiyê dabîn dike bi rêya muqayesekirina bi wan zimanên xwedan-belge yên serdema îraniya navîn. Bi vî rengî, em dikarin bi awayekî muweqet dem û serdemeke teqrîbî diyar bikin ku tê de ziman û şêwezarên nû ji aliyê guherînên rêzimanî ve jêk cuda bûne. Ji bo berçavkirina awayên têkiliya zimanî di navbera zimanan de, modêlên cihê yên temasa zimanî û dirêjeya zimanî hatine danîn. ١. سەبارەت بە مێژووی زمانناسیی زمانی کوردی سەرچاوە مێژووە زمانناسییەکانی زمانی کوردی تەنیا بۆ چەند سەدە پێش ئێستا دەگەڕێنەوە، بۆیە ناکرێت شوێن پێی گۆڕانکارییە پڕمانا ڕێزمانییەکانی زمانەکانی ڕۆژئاوای ئێران لەناو زمانی کوردیدا هەڵگرین. ئەم وتارە، لە ڕێگەی بەراوردکردنی زمانی کوردی لەگەڵ زمانەکانی قۆناغی ئێرانی ناوەندی کە بەڵگەمەندن، کرۆنۆلۆجیایەکی گریمانەیی لە گۆڕانکارییە ڕێزمانییەکان بەدەستەوە دەدات. ئەم ڕێکارە ڕێگەمان پێ دەدات، کە بەشێوەیەکی تاقیکاری، کاتێک نزیک بەو سەردەمە دەستنیشان بکەین کە جۆراوجۆرییە نوێکان بەگوێرەی گۆڕانی ڕێزمانیی پەیوەندیدار لە یەک جیا دەبنەوە. بۆ پیشاندانی جۆرەکانی پەیوەندی زمانناسی کە لێرەدا خۆیان دەردەخەن، چەند مۆدێلی جیاواز لە بەرکەوتنی زمانی و درێژەدانی زمانی ئامادە کراوە.
The imaginary Kurdish museum: Ordinary Kurds, narrative nationalisms and collective memory
Authors: Eccarius-Kelly Vera
Published: December 2018

The aim of this article is to reflect on the role of Kurdish collective memory in the diaspora as it affirms Kurdishness and rejects the Turkish state’s hegemonic histories. Where can Kurdish families go to recognise their own heritage, reflect on their socio-cultural journeys, share experiences, or validate familial memories? Non-elite diaspora Kurds are asked to curate exhibits for an imagined Kurdish museum. The exhibit proposals explore how ideas and beliefs shape diasporic representations of Kurdishness and why the (in)visibility of Kurdish diaspora communities remains a pressing concern. Keywords: Kurdish diaspora; Kurdishness; identity; memory; nationalism.Mûzexaneya xeyalî ya kurdî: Kurdên asayî, netewegeriyên dastanî û bîra cemawerî Ev gotar dikeve dû nirxandina rola bîra cemawerî ya kurdî li diyasporayê weku ew kurdîtiyê pesend dike û versiyona dîrokê ya serdest a dewleta tirk red dike. Gelo malbatên kurd dikarin berê xwe bidine kî derê ji bo nasîna mîrasa xwe, ji bo ku li ser gerên xwe yên civakî-kultûrî bihizirin, ji bo tecrubeyên xwe par ve bikin, an jî bîreweriyên xwe yên binemalî tesdîq bikin? Ji kurdên asayî yên li diyasporayê hatiye xwestin ku pêşangehan raçinîn ji bo mûzexaneyeke kurdî ya xeyalî. Fikr û pêşniyazên pêşangehan nîşan didin ka çawa fikr û bawerî şiklê temsîlên diyasporayê yên kurdîtiyê diyar dikin û ka çima (ne)diyariya cemaetên kurd ên diyasporayê hêj jî endîşeyeke girîng e.  مۆزەخانەی خەیاڵی كوردی: كوردی ئاسایی، ناسیۆناڵیزمی داستانی و بیرەوەری جەماوەریئەم گوتارە دەخوازێت لە سەر رۆڵی بیرەوەری جەماوەری كوردی لە تاراوگە بكۆڵێتەوە كە كورد بوون پەسەند دەكات و شێوازی مێژووی باڵادەستی دەوڵەتی توركیا رەد دەكاتەوە. بنەماڵە كوردەكان بۆ كوێ دەتوانن بڕۆن تاكوو میراتی خۆیان بناسنەوە، بیر لە سەفەرە كۆمەڵایەتی-كەلتووریەكانیان بكەنەوە، ئەزموونەكانیان بۆ یەك باس بكەن، یان بیرەوەری خێزانی خۆیان پەسەند بكەن؟ داوا لە كوردانی ئاسایی دەكرێت كە پێشانگا رێك بخەن بۆ مۆزەخانەی خەیاڵی كوردی. پێشنیازی كرنەوەی پێشانگا لەوە دەكۆڵێتەوە كە چۆن بیرۆكە و باوەڕ وێنای تاراوگەیی كورد بوون دروست دەكات و ھەر وەھا بۆچی (نا)دیار بوونی كۆمەڵگای تاروگەی كوردی ھەتا ئێستە جێگەی سەرنجە؟
Mapping action and identity in the Kobani crisis response
Authors: McGee Thomas
Published: December 2018

This article compares humanitarian operations associated with Turkish state and pro-Kurdish movement actors in response to the large cross-border displacement of Kurdish-Syrians into Turkey from the September 2014 Kobani crisis. Analysis draws on actor mapping methodologies and fieldwork conducted in the Kurdish-majority town of Suruç in southern Turkey. Parallels with the 2011 Van earthquakes highlight the ethno-national complexities and potential controversy encountered when responding to humanitarian needs of predominantly Kurdish populations in Turkey. The alternative territorial identities generated by practices of Kurdish municipal-level “governmentality” (through camp management and humanitarian assistance) trouble the assumed hierarchy between Turkish state authorities and Kurdish challengers.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIBi nexşekirina çalakî û nasnameyan di hewldanên qeyrana Kobanî de Ev gotar wan hewl û çalakiyên mirovî yên dewleta tirk û akterên hereketa kurdî berawird dike ku di hengava muhacirbûna kurdên Sûriyeyê bo nav Tirkyeyê de, anku dema qeyrana Kobanî ya îlona 2014an, hatine encamdan. Tehlîlên gotarê xwe dispêrine metodên bi nexşekirina akteran û xebata meydanî li Suruça piranî kurdnişîn. Hevterîb ligel zelzeleyên Wanê yên 2011an, gotar îşaretê bi hebûna aloziyên qewmî-neteweyî û dubendiyên cor bi cor dike gava li Tirkiyeyê hewl ji bo qetandina pêdiviyên jiyanî yên kom û xelkên kurd tên dan. Nasnameyên herêmî yên alternatîv ku encama siyaset û kiryarên “hukûmraniya” kurdî ya di asta şaredariyan de ne (bi rêya rêvebirina kempan û arîkariyên mirovî) zorê dide wê hiyerarşiya ferazî ya di navbera rayedarên dewleta tirk û berhelistkarên kurd de.ABSTRACT IN SORANI
Introduction to the special issue: Yezidism and Yezidi Studies in the early 21st century
Authors: Kreyenbroek Philip , Omarkhali Khanna
Published: December 2018

The articles in this volume deal with recent developments concerning the Yezidis. They focus on the consequences of IS’s attempted genocide of Yezidis in the Sinjar region, and on aspects of the current public and academic discourse on Yezidis and their religion.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDestpêk bo hejmara taybet: Êzdiyatî û Lêkolînên li ser êzdiyan di serê sedsala 21an deDanasîna hejmara taybet: Êzdiyatî û xebatên li ser êzdiyan di destpêka sedsala 21em de. Nivîsarên vê hejmarê berê xwe didine têgihiştina rûdanên dawî yên derbarê êzidiyan de. Ev xebat dêneke taybet didine ser encamên hewla DAIŞê ya qirkirina êzdiyan li herêma Şengalê û cîhetên gotara/dîskûra giştî û akademîk li ser êzdiyan û dînê wan.ABSTRACT IN SORANI
Hola Hola Tawusi Melek, Hola Hola Şehidêt Şingalê: Persecution and the Development of Yezidi Ritual Life
Authors: Spat Eszter
Published: December 2018

Holidays and associated rituals have always played a crucial role in Yezidi religious life. The attack of ISIS on Yezidis and the subsequent displacement of more than half the community has had a profound impact on the way these holidays can be celebrated. The fact that the Sinjari Yezidi community has lost access to its sacred landscape, which is the traditional focus of much ritual activity, as well as a semi-official ban on any public form of rejoicing at a time of mourning, constitute a threat to the continuation of ritual life. However, contrary to expectations, Yezidi religious and ritual life has become more intense rather than declining in the wake of the ISIS attack. The driving forces behind this phenomenon are the need for supernatural help, new opportunities, and a sense of defiance. The daily mixing of the two communities, local Yezidis and Sinjari refugees, with diverse traditions, has also led to an enrichment of ritual life and a new awareness of the multiform nature of Yezidi traditions as people exchange and adopt new customs.Keywords: Yezidis; religion; rituals; ISIS; syncretism.Abstract in KurmanjiHola hola Tawûsî Melek, hola hola şehidêt Şingalê: Zulm û pêkhatina jiyana ayînî ya êzdîCejn û merasimên li wan rojên cejnan bi rê ve diçin hergav xwedanê roleke serekî bûne di jiyana dînî ya êzdiyan de. Êrîşa DAIŞê bi ser êzdiyan û koçberbûna zêdetir ji nîvê cemaeta êzdiyan li dû wê êrîşê tesîreke mezin li ser awayê pîrozkirina wan cejnan kiriye. Cemaeta êzdî ya Şingalê ji devera xwe ya pîroz qût bûye, ku piraniya çalakiyên dînî lê bi rê ve diçin, û herwiha qedexeyeke nîv-resmî li ser her çi awayekî xweşhaliyê heye di vê dema şînê de. Ev herdu eger gefeke mezin in li ser berdewamiya jiyana ayînî an dînî ya cemaetê. Ligel vê jî, ber’eksê ya ku mirov li bendê be, jiyana dînî û ayînî/merasimî ya êzdiyan li dû êrîşa DAIŞê lawaz neketiye, belkî kûrtir û berfirehtir bûye. Li pişt vê diyardeyê sebebên wek pêdiviya alîkariya xwedayî, îmkanên nû, û hesta berxwedanê hene. Têkilbûna herdu cemaetên êzdiyên xwecih û koçberên ji Şingalê, ku xwedanê nerîtên cuda ne, rê li ber dewlemendbûna qewareya merasiman vekiriye û her ku endamên cemaetan dikevine danûstandinê û dab û nerîtên nû dinasin têgihiştineke nû ya tebîetê pir-şiklî ya nerîtên êzdî jî li bal wan peyda dibe.Abstract in Sorani
Yezidi Spirits? On the question of Yezidi beliefs: A review article
Authors: Kreyenbroek Philip , Omarkhali Khanna
Published: December 2018

While the Yezidi tradition undoubtedly has certain core characteristics, a more or less “logically” coherent system of beliefs is rarely described as one of these. The book under review deals with beliefs about a wide range of Yezidi “Holy Beings” and seeks to describe the “essentials” of Yezidism in this respect. This calls into question both the nature of Yezidi beliefs, and the methodological approach used here to analyse these. For the record, the authors’ views on some individual Beings will be discussed.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI“Ruh”ên êzdî? Gotareke rexneyî li ser pirsa baweriyên êzdiyanHerçend hindek taybetiyên navendî yên nerîta êzdî hebin jî, sîstemeke hevaheng a baweriyan ya kêm-zêde “mentiqî” wek yek ji wan taybetiyan xuya nabe. Kitêba li vir tê nirxandin berê xwe dide hejmareke zêde ya “şexsên pîroz” ên êzdî û di vê çarçoveyê de hewl dide “bingeh”ên êzdiyatiyê destnîşan bike. Li vir hem tebîetê baweriyên êzdiyatiyê û hem jî rêbaza tehlîla wan cihê pirsê ye. Herwiha, hindek fikrên nivîskaran li ser çend şexsên diyar dê bêne nirxandin.   ABSTRACT IN SORANI
On the independence referendum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and disputed territories in 2017
Authors: Park Bill , Jongerden Joost , Owtram Francis , Yoshioka Akiko
Published: December 2018

On 25th September 2017, the eligible voters of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were given the opportunity to respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to the question, posed in Kurdish, Turkmen, Arabic and Assyrian: “Do you want the Kurdistan Region and the Kurdistani areas outside the administration of the Region to become an independent state?” The aim of this note is to give an empirically focussed account of the independence referendum. The note has been written by four members of a delegation which spent one week in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) with the purpose of observing the referendum. The key point that we draw from these observations is that the referendum and associated aspiration for independence, which potentially could have unified the different political factions in the KRI, has in fact cruelly exposed divisions.
Linking social and financial remittances in the realms of financial know-how and education in rural Ecuador
Authors: Mata-Codesal Diana
Published: December 2018

This article explores the links between financial and social remittances in the context of Ecuadorian migration to the US and Spain. Ethnographic research on remittance patterns and impacts was carried out in two villages in Southern highland Ecuador. Each site has a different migration and remittance reception profile, in the broad contexts of Ecuadorian regular migration to Spain versus irregular migration to the US. In the specific cases in this research there are links between social and financial remittances in the realm of migrants’ and their relatives’ dealings with the Ecuadorian banking system. Experiences prior to migration and exposure while abroad heavily shape their financial behaviour. A second set of links was identified in the sphere of education. These links are highly gendered with non-migrant women getting ahead of their male peers in educational attainment.
Rethinking family relations through the allocation of emigration’s resources: Senegalese migrants’ use of e-commerce
Authors: Blanchard Melissa
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on a website which allows Senegalese migrants to purchase at a distance provisions they want delivered in Senegal, in order to overcome the problem of control over remittances’ use. It shows how new economic practices may carry new social meanings, in this case a shift in the conception of obligations and roles within the family. Whether it is their exposure to diverse ways of living that leads migrants to rethink their family relations, or whether migration just accelerates the consolidation of ideas that already exist in the home country, has yet to be determined.
Japanese agricultural competitiveness and migration
Authors: Ando Mitsuyoshi , Horiguchi Kenji
Published: December 2018

This paper reviews the importance of foreign trainees to farmers whowant to expand their production oflabour-intensivecommodities.Local Japanese youth generally shun farm worker jobs, and Japan is generally closed to low-skilled migrants, but permits farmers, manufacturers andother employers to train and employ young foreigners for up to three years. In Ibaragi Prefecture north of Tokyo, the agricultural cooperatives that provide inputs to farmers and market their vegetables and other produce helped their farmer-members introduce foreign trainees, whoallowed farmers to expand their production andincreased cooperative sales. Trainees must be paid the Japanese minimum wage for most of the 36 months they are in Japan with the additional costs for train-related system, but they are still cheaper than full-time Japanese farm workers. Main data are coming from the statistics like Japanese Agricultural Census and interviews with coops, farmers and trainees.
Healthcare: The case of Japan
Authors: Inoue Jun
Published: December 2018

Japan requires all of the healthcare practitioners to be qualified by national examinations and to be fluent in Japanese. Consequently, the number of immigrant workers remains very low, although Japan is faced with staff shortage. Even under the special bilateral arrangement that allows nurses and certified care workers from Indonesia and Philippines to practice temporally, there are very few who passed the Japan’s national examination: it is difficult for them to read technical terms written in Japanese, especially written in Chinese characters (Kanji). In care subsector, where wage is lower than physicians and nurses and qualifications/licenses are not necessarily required, the number of employed foreign-born residents is rapidly increased. Some local governments have started to support them to complete language and care-work courses. These facts show that language support is necessary if Japan considers that matching local staff demands is important for competitiveness. If Japan considers that development of inbound and outbound business leads to competitiveness, it is necessary for Japan to introduce systematic efforts to bring up foreign-born staffs, but language fluency requirement is not necessary in accepting foreign-born workers.
Poverty measurement for a binational population
Authors: Pena Anita Alves
Published: December 2018

Traditional poverty measures are inappropriate for migrant populations. Frequently cited poverty thresholds are calculated under assumptions that individuals and their families face only one set of prices annually. This study formulates (and contrasts to current thresholds) alternative measures for a population that spends substantial time in two (or more) countries. Specifically, weights are developed based on annual week allocations, income, family characteristics, and comparative price levels. As illustration, an example demonstrating how alternative thresholds can be generated for those whose annual work spans international boundaries is drawn from the Mexico-US migration context using survey data, official thresholds, and these weights. Despite caveats due to data limitations for the case study, illustrations should be of interest academically and to those involved in ground-level statistical calculations pertaining to demographic trends and the welfare state.
Politics of civility: the case of the Association of Undocumented People of Madrid
Authors: Agustín Óscar García
Published: December 2018

The mobilization of undocumented immigrants in civil society reflects the politics of civility, defined by Balibar as the creation of a space for an inclusive political community based on equality. The case analysed in this article, the Association of Undocumented People of Madrid, refers to a group of undocumented sellers of pirate products who decide to organize and claim their contribution to society. The Association aims to change the legislation both as undocumented and as sellers of illegal products (i.e. ‘institutional change’), but in order to become equal members of the community, they also require a more radical change in society (i.e. ‘societal change’). Thinking beyond the framework of national citizenship, migrants, as workers, attempt to foster alternative economic and social conditions.
Church Asylum – new strategies, alliances and modes of resistance
Authors: Jørgensen Martin Bak
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the possibilities for democratic transformation in a landscape of political closure. Taking the case of Church Asylum [Kirkeasyl] as an example of new ways of resistance and participation in contemporary Denmark the articles argues that although the established political channels are characterised by closure alternatives may be formulated outside the parliamentarian system. Using contemporary perspectives on social critique and mobilization the article looks back at Church Asylum in 2009 and discuss the alliances, strategies and modes of resistance used during the event. The article draws on a framework derived from political sociology and critical theory.
Voices: migrant domestic workers and civil society
Authors: Abrantes Manuel
Published: December 2018

Empirical research at two immigrant organizations engaged in mobilizing and representing domestic workers provides the foundations for a reflection on the struggle of the underprivileged to act collectively. The fluid motion of civil society organizations between agents of mobilization and producers of policy advise amplifies the importance of examining their operation. Renowned elaborations on public sociology, feminist ethnography, and symbolic violence are convened. The dispute for inclusion and representation in this particular case is shown to take place at two distinct though interconnected fronts: one pertaining to the value and legitimacy of domestic work, the other pertaining to regulatory frameworks.
Democratising democracy, humanising human rights: European decolonial social movements and the “alternative thinking of alternatives”
Authors: Suárez-Krabbe Julia
Published: December 2018

This paper offers a snapshot of the potential contributions that Decolonial Social Movements have to the democratisation of democracy and to the humanisation of human rights. It analyses European realities of racist exclusion through the theorizations of four Decolonial Social Movements; the Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) in France, the Dutch Black Movement, the Islamic Human Rights Commission in the UK, and the Studies Group of the Andalusian Workers’ Union (Grupo de Estudios - Sindicato Andaluz de Trabajadores; GE-SAT). These movements all point to two fundamental crises of longue durée: the crisis generated by the category of the ‘human’, and that generated through the idea of ‘democracy’. They underline the importance of ‘democratising democracy’, and ‘humanising human rights’ in ways that take into account ‘other grammars of human dignity’. In essence, this effort implies abandoning the category ‘human’ and the idea of ‘democracy’ as globalised localisms –as the products of racism; the appropriation, violence and control of people marked as dispensable, subhuman and nonhuman, and instead reinventing them in ways that effectively counter their inherently racist/sexist logics; an alternative thinking of alternatives.
Restricting Turkish marriage migration? National policy, couples’ coping strategies and international obligations
Authors: KULU-GLASGOW ISIK , LEERKES ARJEN
Published: December 2018

Marriage migration has become the most common form of immigration from Turkey to the Netherlands. The Dutch government increasingly pursues restrictive admission policies for the immigration of partners from non-EU countries. This article shows that the tightened income and age restrictions were to some extent successful in limiting Turkish marriage migration. It is also demonstrated, however, that the power of the state to control this migration flow is constrained by two main factors: coping strategies of Turkish couples and international obligations, including the Association Agreement.
Book Reviews
Authors: SIMSEK DOGUS , SALMENHAARA PERTTU , MORETTIN LUISA , CAICEDO NATALIA
Published: December 2018

Book reviews.
Editorial: Expert commissions and migration policy making
Authors: Martin Philip L. , Stark Eugen
Published: December 2018

More countries are turning to expert commissions to assess labour market and demo-graphic data to help to answer the fundamental migration questions of how many, from where, and in what status newcomers should arrive. Britain has had a Migration Advisory Commission since 2008, and most US immigration reform proposals include commissions to assess labour market, demographic, and other data to provide advice or set quotas on the number of immigrants and temporary foreign workers admitted.
The search goes on: Parameter effects on the return migration decision
Authors: Edwards Wayne , Huskey Lee
Published: December 2018

In this paper we present an experiment designed to test some of the predictions of the Harris-Todaro model of migration. In particular, we examine determinants of an individual's return migration decisions. Data issues in the developing world and with migration data in general limit empirical testing of the model. In such a data environ-ment, laboratory experiments can add insight to the theory. We introduce an external opportunity to a traditional labour market search experiment to examine whether it extends search and unemployment in a primary market. Our results generally support the predictions of the model. The experiments predict that the possibility of return, the cost of return, and the existence of trophy wage opportunities in the urban market all reduce the likelihood of return migration.
Viewpoint: Population projections and migration commissions
Authors: Teitelbaum Michael S
Published: December 2018

On the one hand the techniques of demographic projection are essential: they offer powerful and objective quantitative methods that, implemented and interpreted properly, can provide a hypothetical migration commission with critical insights into possible futures - futures that might otherwise not be apparent by examining contem-poraneous data. At the same time, if implemented improperly or interpreted naively, such long range demographic projections could represent instruments of confusion, exaggeration, and even deliberate distortion. Both the strengths and weaknesses in-herent in the use of demographic projections need to be understood by any immigra-tion commission that might emerge.
Securitisation, economisation and the political constitution of temporary migration: the making of the Austrian seasonal workers scheme
Authors: Horvath Kenneth
Published: December 2018

Temporary migration has recently received considerable attention from migration researchers. This article shifts the analytic focus from migration practices to migration politics and enquires into the logics and processes underlying the formulation of temporary migration programmes. Based on Foucault’s analysis of liberal governmentality and Jessop’s strategic-relational approach, it is argued that the governing of temporary labour migration by nation-states requires sophisticated political technologies. These technologies entail the differentiated deprivation of fundamental rights and are therefore neither unproblematic nor self-evident. Developing and establishing the necessary legal categorisations along skill levels, nationality, employment status, and so on, requires a complex interplay of two political rationalities that are often conceived of as contradictory: the securitisation and the economisation of migration. Once established, differentiations and measures introduced under securitised conditions can be invested in utilitarian migration policies. The interplay of these two rationalities depends on and is mediated by wider political-economic and societal transformation processes. This general argument is illustrated by the example of the Austrian Seasonal Worker Scheme, which shows significant parallels to policies introduced in other nation-states over the past two decades.
Citizenship, Europe and ethnic boundary making among Russian minorities in Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Patsiurko Natalka , Wallace Claire
Published: December 2018

This article uses Andreas Wimmer’s model of ethnic boundary making to examine ethnic boundaries among the Russian-speaking minorities in Lithuania and Latvia, two countries with contrasting integration policies. We argue that the exclusive integration policies of Latvia, particularly with regard to citizenship, result in the ‘hardening’ of ethnic boundaries for Russian-speaking minorities in the country, while the more inclusive policies of Lithuania lead to the ‘softening’ of ethnic boundaries for the Russian-speaking minorities. The article considers exogenous factors of boundary making for Russians in Latvia and Lithuania, such as the influence of national policies, the policies of the Russian government and the European integration, but also examines endogenous factors such as the role of civil society, sense of identification and the different experiences of generations. We conclude that whilst endogenous and exogenous factors have shaped ethnic boundaries in different ways in the two countries, these boundaries are blurring because Europe opens up wider possibilities for work and study and younger generations are less likely to be excluded from participation by language or citizenship. In both countries, increasingly hybrid and fluid identities are replacing reified and essentialist ones that are based upon the previous Soviet-style constructs.
Turkish migration in Europe: EU accession and migration flows
Authors: Strielkowski Wadim , Glazar Ondřej
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses the impact of Turkey's potential EU membership on emigration from Turkey to the European Union. We apply panel data estimators using the data on emigration from EU15 countries into Germany and the Netherlands in order to construct possible future scenarios of Turkish migration to the EU. Three scenarios of migration, pessimistic, realistic and optimistic (depending on the fears related to the expected impact of Turkish migration on the EU labour markets), are drawn and future migration from Turkey into Germany and the Netherlands during the next 25 years is discussed in detail. We conclude that Turkish EU accession, should it happen in the foreseeable future, will not have any serious consequences in terms of massive migration flows.
Migrant smuggling: irregular migration from Asia and Africa to Europe
Authors: Walter Lisa
Published: December 2018

Anna Triandafyllidou and Thanos Maroukis, Migrant smuggling: irregular migration from Asia and Africa to Europe, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 256 pp. (ISBN: 9780230296374)
Editorial: Turkish migrants and their descendants in Austria Patterns of exclusion and individual and political responses
Authors: Sievers Wiebke , Ataç Ilker , Schnell Philipp
Published: December 2018

Turkish immigrants and their descendants have become the main target of anti-immigrant political mobilization in Austria since the 1990s. They have come to epitomize the image of the Oriental enemy and the Muslim other. Based on these discursive constructions, Muslims in general, and Turks in particular, have often been described as unwilling to integrate into Austrian society. The articles in this special issue show not only that these discourses and exclusionary attitudes may result in discriminatory practices towards Turkish immigrants and their descendants in Austria, but also that the alleged unwillingness to integrate may be explained by the lack of effort made by the Austrian government and Austrian institutions to integrate this group.
From Retreating to Resisting: how Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism
Authors: Hametner Katharina
Published: December 2018

Recent European integration discourses are more and more structured by neo-racist topoi based on orientalist markers of difference. In the Austrian debate people of Turkish origins are particularly affected by such ascriptions. They are marked as a group not willing to integrate and culturally not fitting into Austrian society. In this discursive conglomerate women are identified as oppressed victims, lacking education and being in need of help. Using biographical narratives of young Austrian-Turkish women this paper reconstructs four modi of dealing with these discursive ascriptions and experiences of neo-racist othering: retreating and pragmatically reducing ambitions, trivializing racist experiences and assimilating to the mainstream, naming facts and aiming to improve the situation by communication, delegitimizing and ironically transcending racism.
The social well-being of second-generation Turks in two Austrian cities
Authors: Schnell Philipp
Published: December 2018

The most recent Austrian Integration Report indicates that a substantial proportion of Turkish immigrants do not feel at home in Austria. Whether these lower levels of social well-being also apply to the Turkish first, second or follow-up generations in Austria is uncertain. This article aims to fill this gap by asking how the Turkish second generation perceives their social inclusion into Austrian society. Results based on the TIES survey reveal that social well-being is largely determined by immigrants’ socio-economic achievements as well as by experiences of discrimination in their educational and occupational trajectories and daily life. Intergenerational progress is also found to be positively related with social well-being but at a much lower level.
Repressive autonomy: discourses on and surveillance of marriage migration from Turkey to Austria
Authors: Strasser Sabine
Published: December 2018

Transnational marriages and family reunification have recently been assessed as one of the main obstacles to integration in Austria. They have been increasingly problematized and kept under surveillance when partners from third countries, in Austria particularly from Turkey, have been involved. Nonetheless, a great number of Turkish migrants and their descendants prefer to marry partners from their ‘country of origin’. In this paper I discuss practices of and discourses on family formation across borders based on an ethnographic fieldwork in a small town in Austria. Findings show that transnational marriages in Austria are often conflated with forced and fictitious marriages and consequently rejected as defraud or ‘violence in the name of tradition’. Furthermore, legal provisions against problematic marriages do not liberate women but repress their autonomy.