bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Make My Day: primary prevention of stroke using engaging everyday activities as a mediator of sustainable health – a randomised controlled trial and process evaluation protocol
Authors: Patomella Ann-Helen , Guidetti Susanne , Hagströmer Maria , Olsson Christina Birgitta , Jakobsson Elin , Nilsson Gunnar H , Åkesson Elisabet , Asaba Eric
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The individual, societal and economic benefits of stroke prevention are high. Even though most risk factors can be reduced by changes to lifestyle habits, maintaining new and healthy activity patterns has been shown to be challenging.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of an interdisciplinary team-based, mHealth-supported prevention intervention on persons at risk for stroke. The intervention is mediated by engaging everyday activities that promote health. An additional aim is to describe a process evaluation that serves to increase knowledge about how the programme leads to potential change by studying the implementation process and mechanisms of impact.

Methods and analysis

The study will be a randomised controlled trial including 104 persons at risk for stroke. Persons at risk of stroke (n=52) will be randomised to an mHealth-supported stroke prevention programme. Controls will have ordinary primary healthcare (PHC) services. The 10-week programme will be conducted at PHC clinics, combining group meetings and online resources to support self-management of lifestyle change using engaging everyday activities as a mediator. Primary outcomes are stroke risk, lifestyle habits and participation in health-promoting activities. Assessments will be performed at baseline and at follow-up (11 weeks and 12 months). The effects of the programme will be analysed using inferential statistics. Implementation will be analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at regional and international conferences targeting mixed audiences.

Trial registration number

NCT05279508.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios are related to cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Huidan , Tan Lanhui , Xue Bing , Feng Ling , Fang Pei , Meng Xianmei , Luo Xianwu
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To explore the association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Settings

A grade A tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China.

Participants

A total of 236 participants were recruited. Participants who were diagnosed with cancer received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and aged ≥18 years were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The PLR, NLR and LMR were calculated based on the absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet count and monocyte count. The CRF and QOL of patients after the first chemotherapy/radiotherapy were evaluated.

Results

The median values (IQR) of PLR, NLR and LMR were 174.51 (126.14–261.02), 2.84 (1.64–5.24) and 2.56 (1.30–3.72), respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that high PLR (≥ 174.51), high NLR (≥ 2.84) and low LMR (< 2.56) at baseline significantly correlated with CRF and poor QOL after the first chemotherapy/radiotherapy (p<0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that elevated PLR might be an independent risk factor for CRF (p<0.001) and QOL (p=0.010) in cancer patients.

Conclusion

PLR, NLR and LMR are associated with CRF and QOL in cancer patients. High PLR may predict severe CRF and poor QOL. Further studies are needed to validate these findings based on the expanded sample size.
Factors influencing early mobilisation for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery from multiple perspectives: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ni Yun-Xia , Li Zhi , Zhou Li-Li , Gong Shu
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Despite early mobilisation as a key component of enhanced recovery after surgery pathways for pancreatic surgery, the implementation of early mobilisation remains unsatisfactory. What factors influence the implementation of early mobilisation from the lens of all stakeholders is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of early mobilisation in pancreatic surgery from the perspective of patients, family members and health professionals.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design using individual interviews and focus groups.

Setting and participants

Twenty-two patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, 10 family members and 10 healthcare professionals from a large university teaching hospital in China.

Methods

We collected data on participants’ views on factors influencing early mobilisation after pancreatic surgery. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and emergent coding. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Three main categories that influenced the implementation of early mobilisation in pancreatic surgery were identified: (1) attitude towards early postoperative mobilisation (eg, perceived advantages or disadvantages of early mobilisation), (2) subjective norm (eg, impact from health professionals, family members and fellow patients) and (3) perceived behavioural control (eg, knowledge, abilities, resources and environment).

Conclusion

Factors influencing early mobilisation are diverse and multidimensional. The successful implementation of early mobilisation requires the dedication of both patients and healthcare professionals.
Prevalence of invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants ≤90 days with a COVID-19 positive test: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pérez-Porra Silvia , Granda Elena , Benito Helvia , Roland Damian , Gomez Borja , Velasco Roberto
Published: December 2023

Background

Febrile infants with an infection by influenza or enterovirus are at low risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI).

Objective

To determine the prevalence of IBI among febrile infants ≤90 days old with a positive COVID-19 test.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register databases, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and grey literature were searched for articles published from February 2020 to May 2023. Inclusion criteria: researches reporting on infants ≤90 days of age with fever and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (antigen test/PCR). Case reports with <3 patients, articles written in a language other than English, French or Spanish, editorials and other narrative studies were excluded. Preferred Reposting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed, and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality. The main outcome was the prevalence of IBI (a pathogen bacterium identified in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)). Forest plots of prevalence estimates were constructed for each study. Heterogeneity was assessed and data were pooled by meta-analysis using a random effects model. A fixed continuity correction of 0.01 was added when a study had zero events.

Results

From the 1023 studies and 3 databases provided by the literature search, 33 were included in the meta-analysis, reporting 3943 febrile infants with a COVID-19 positive test and blood or CSF culture obtained. The pooled prevalence of IBI was 0.14% (95% CI, 0.02% to 0.27%). By age, the prevalence of IBI was 0.56% (95% CI, 0.0% to 1.27%) in those 0–21 days old, 0.53% (95% CI, 0.0% to 1.22%) in those 22–28 days old and 0.11% (95% CI, 0.0% to 0.24%) in those 29–60 days old.

Conclusion

COVID-19-positive febrile infants ≤90 days old are at low risk of IBI, especially infants >28 days old, suggesting this subgroup of patients can be managed without blood tests.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022356507.
Modulatory effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on attentional processes
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Yang Haoyu , Wang Faguang , Lu Xuejing , Hu Li
Published: December 2023

Background

The modulatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on attention has varied in previous studies. This inconsistency might be attributed to the combined influence of the modulation effect on the different attentional functions, including alerting, orienting and executive control.

Aims

We aimed to preliminarily examine the modulatory effects of taVNS on different attentional functions.

Methods

Fifty-nine healthy participants were recruited and were randomly assigned to taVNS (receiving taVNS for 20 minutes) or control (receiving taVNS for 30 seconds) groups. All participants underwent a dot-probe task before and after the taVNS/control intervention. Their behavioural performance and electroencephalographic signals during pre- and post-tests were recorded, and different observed variables were extracted and analysed to characterise different attentional systems.

Results

We observed that active taVNS applied at the left ear significantly improved the overall behavioural performance, that is, shorter reaction time (RT) and lower intra-individual reaction time variability (IIRTV) for right-hand responses when compared with the control condition. In addition, active taVNS resulted in larger P3 and movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitudes associated with right-hand reactions than the control condition. Active taVNS also decreased the difference between the pre- and post-tests in the power spectral density of spontaneous high-α band oscillations at C4 electrode. Importantly, parallel mediation models for right-hand responses showed that the change of P3 amplitude mediated the effects of taVNS on RT and IIRTV. In contrast, the change of MRCP amplitude suppressed the effect of taVNS on the IIRTV.

Conclusions

Our results provided behavioural and brain evidence supporting the effects of taVNS on different attentional systems, and their interaction further shaped behavioural performance, suggesting a promising role of taVNS in cognitive enhancement.
Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare costs and outcomes of cigarette smoking in USA: 2008–2019
Authors: Burciaga Valdez R , Encinosa William
Published: December 2023

Background

In 2023, President Biden issued an executive order requiring cost-benefit analyses for new regulations to account for distributional effects. To inform new tobacco regulations, we estimate for the first time racial and ethnic disparities in spending and outcomes associated with smoking.

Methods

With the 2008–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to the National Health Interview Survey, n=118 084 adults-years, logit models estimate the per cent of the top 10 health conditions attributable to smoking. Two-part regression models estimate the share of and total annual healthcare spending attributable to smoking.

Results

White adults had higher ever-smoked rates, but minority smoking adults had twice as much of their annual medical spending associated with smoking than white smoking adults, 25% vs 12% (p<0.01). minority adults who smoked had 41% (p<0.05) higher risks of multiple chronic conditions associated with smoking than white adults. While the share of white smoking adults trying to quit declined to 53% in 2019, this desire increased to 63% for minorities. From 2008–2016, smoking comprised 7.5% of the nation’s spending for white adults and 10.7% for minorities (p<0.05). In 2017–2019, this declined to 2.5% of the nation’s spending for white adults and 8.9% for minorities (p<0.05). For any new antitobacco regulation, the cost savings would be $134 million per year for every 100 000 minorities averted from initiating smoking, 135% more than the $57 million saved annually for 100 000 white adults averted.

Implications

Minority adults may benefit substantially more from antitobacco regulations and past federal cost-benefit analyses would have overlooked this.
Life-cycle modeling reveals high recovery potential of at-risk wild Chinook salmon via improved migrant survival
Authors: Jacobs Gregory R. , Thurow Russell F. , Petrosky Charles E. , Osenberg Craig W. , Wenger Seth J.
Published: December 2023

Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin are threatened by anthropogenic changes to migratory corridors, estuaries, and natal habitats. Streams provide spatially heterogeneous natal habitats essential for salmon spawning and rearing life stages. We fit a statistical state-space model to salmon populations in Idaho's Middle Fork Salmon River (MFSR) to assess spatial variation in natal productivity and population growth. Our model integrated multiple long-term data sets to estimate variation in per-capita smolt production and smolt-to-adult (SAR) survival. Smolt production varied across stream segments, averaging 104.48 female smolts per spawning female, while SARs averaged 0.74%. Chinook salmon population growth rates exceeded replacement in 17% of segments (4 of 23). By increasing SARs to 1.8% (near the lower bound of Columbia River basin recovery targets), we predict that all 23 MFSR segments will yield positive population growth rates at contemporary (very low) spawner densities. Our analysis suggests that for Snake River basin populations within high-quality natal habitats, SAR improvements will elevate salmon population growth rates and enhance restoration of at-risk wild Chinook salmon.
The $$Q_{1,2}$$–$$Q_7$$ interference contributions to $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$ at $${\mathcal O}(\alpha _{\mathrm s}^2)$$ for the physical value of $$m_c$$
Authors: Czaja M. , Czakon M. , Huber T. , Misiak M. , Niggetiedt M. , Rehman A. , Schönwald K. , Steinhauser M.
Published: December 2023

The $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$

B

¯

→

X
s

γ

branching ratio is currently measured with around $$5\%$$

5
%

accuracy. Further improvement is expected from Belle II. To match such a precision on the theoretical side, evaluation of $${\mathcal O}(\alpha _{\mathrm s}^2)$$

O
(

α

s

2

)

corrections to the partonic decay $$b \rightarrow X_s^\textrm{part}\gamma $$

b
→

X
s
part

γ

are necessary, which includes the $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$

b
→
s
γ

, $$b \rightarrow s g\gamma $$

b
→
s
g
γ

, $$b \rightarrow s gg\gamma $$

b
→
s
g
g
γ

, $$b \rightarrow sq\bar{q}\gamma $$

b
→
s
q

q

¯

γ

decay channels. Here, we evaluate the unrenormalized contribution to $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$

b
→
s
γ

that stems from the interference of the photonic dipole operator $$Q_7$$

Q
7

and the current–current operators $$Q_1$$

Q
1

and $$Q_2$$

Q
2

. Our results, obtained in the cut propagator approach at the 4-loop level, agree with those found in parallel by Fael et al. who have applied the amplitude approach at the 3-loop level. Partial results for the same quantities recently determined by Greub et al. agree with our findings, too.
Conformal motion for higher-dimensional compact objects
Authors: Zahra A. , Mardan S. A. , Riaz Muhammad Bilal
Published: December 2023

In this work, we present a new framework for five-dimensional spherical symmetry anisotropic stars that admits conformal motion. The behaviour of model characteristic pressure, stress, density profile and surface tension is investigated with the inclusion of a particular density profile for the higher dimensional Einstein’s field equations. All the physical parameters are well-behaved for the presented solution in higher dimensions. The analysis predict the possible existence of compact stars in five dimensions, more likely strange quark star.
High refractive index sensing highly sensitive and low loss SPR sensor based on hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Ramani Umang , Kumar Raj , Singh Bipin K. , Pandey Praveen C.
Published: December 2023

A hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for low-loss and highly sensitive liquid analytes detection is theoretically investigated. The gold (Au) metal nanolayer is coated on the cladding etched D-shaped flat surface to develop the plasmonic effect. The nanolayer coating on the outer flat surface is very easy compared to the inside hollow-core, so our hollow-core sensor manufacturing is too easy compared to other hollow-core refractive indices (RIs) detection sensors. The resonance effect between analytes filled fundamental guided core mode and surface plasmon polariton mode of the D-shaped hollow-core optical fiber sensor is used to obtain the detections of analytes RIs variations. We have found good linear results ([Formula: see text]) in analytes RIs versus resonance wavelength for gold layers thicknesses for the analytes RIs range of 1.45–1.52. This hollow-core D-shaped optical fiber sensor achieves the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 23500[Formula: see text]nm RIU[Formula: see text] and a corresponding resolution of [Formula: see text] RIU. We have obtained the maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 228 1/RIU. The proposed sensor may be highly active in detecting the biological and chemical liquid analytes.
Learning-based Relaxation of Completeness Requirements for Data Entry Forms
Authors: Belgacem Hichem , Li Xiaochen , Bianculli Domenico , Briand Lionel
Published: December 2023

Data entry forms use completeness requirements to specify the fields that are required or optional to fill for collecting necessary information from different types of users. However, because of the evolving nature of software, some required fields may not be applicable for certain types of users anymore. Nevertheless, they may still be incorrectly marked as required in the form; we call such fields obsolete required fields. Since obsolete required fields usually have “not-null” validation checks before submitting the form, users have to enter meaningless values in such fields to complete the form submission. These meaningless values threaten the quality of the filled data and could negatively affect stakeholders or learning-based tools that use the data. To avoid users filling meaningless values, existing techniques usually rely on manually written rules to identify the obsolete required fields and relax their completeness requirements. However, these techniques are ineffective and costly.

In this article, we propose LACQUER, a learning-based automated approach for relaxing the completeness requirements of data entry forms. LACQUER builds Bayesian Network models to automatically learn conditions under which users had to fill meaningless values. To improve its learning ability, LACQUER identifies the cases where a required field is only applicable for a small group of users and uses SMOTE, an oversampling technique, to generate more instances on such fields for effectively mining dependencies on them. During the data entry session, LACQUER predicts the completeness requirement of a target based on the already filled fields and their conditional dependencies in the trained model.

Our experimental results show that LACQUER can accurately relax the completeness requirements of required fields in data entry forms with precision values ranging between 0.76 and 0.90 on different datasets. LACQUER can prevent users from filling 20% to 64% of meaningless values, with negative predictive values (i.e., the ability to correctly predict a field as “optional”) between 0.72 and 0.91. Furthermore, LACQUER is efficient; it takes at most 839 ms to predict the completeness requirement of an instance.
How Remote Work Changes the World of Work
Authors: Leonardi Paul M. , Parker Sienna Helena , Shen Roni
Published: December 2023

Remote work is typically characterized as work that is done at some physical distance from the office. Existing research has shown that the main elements of this characterization—physical distance and the office—are far more complex than most people realize. This review develops a framework that refracts the concept of remote work into four types of distance—psychological, temporal, technological, and structural—and three objects from which one can be distant—material resources, social resources, and symbolic resources. We then use this refraction framework to answer five questions about the way remote work is changing the future of work: ( a) Who will work remotely? ( b) Where will people work remotely? ( c) When will people work remotely? ( d) Why will people work remotely? and ( e) How will people work remotely? After demonstrating how existing research can help us answer these questions, we discuss important avenues for future investigation.
Ischemic Stroke due to Intracranial Embolization of a Pelvic Phlebolith in a Pregnant Patient Successfully Treated by Surgical Embolectomy following Attempted Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Azad Sherwin , Anson John , Majic Tamara , Lev Raisa , Kostanian Varoujan
Published: December 2023

An unusual case of ischemic stroke due to calcified cerebral embolus occurring in a pregnant patient during the peripartum period is reported. The source of the embolus was suspected to be a pelvic phlebolith in origin which paradoxically embolized via a patent foramen ovale to the supraclinoid right internal carotid artery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of calcified cerebral embolus attributed to paradoxical embolism of a pelvic phlebolith, and we theorize that introduction of the phlebolith into the venous system may have occurred as a consequence of vascular remodeling due to pregnancy-related hemodynamic changes. Clinicians should be aware of this potential source of calcified cerebral emboli in patients with a patent foramen ovale during pregnancy. Our patient ultimately achieved an excellent outcome with surgical endarterectomy and embolectomy following an unsuccessful attempt at mechanical thrombectomy.
Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
Authors: Seidenstein Alexandra H. , Torrez Timothy W. , Garcia Jacob A. , Awad Shadi K. , Debell Henry , Gilbert Shawn R. , Williams Kevin A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Proximal tibia physeal fractures in children are not very common but can be dangerous because they can harm popliteal fossa structures, especially the popliteal artery. Popliteal artery injuries (PAI) are most commonly the result of trauma to the lower extremity, including blunt force, hyperextension injuries, complex fractures, and knee dislocations that can compromise popliteal neurovascular structures. Case Presentation. A 14-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after being transferred from an outside hospital 24 hours after a left lower extremity hyperextension injury. Radiographs demonstrated a Salter-Harris III proximal tibia fracture with posterior displacement. ABIs were deferred due to palpable distal pulses and no evidence of compartment syndrome. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning were planned to correct the fracture. Intraoperatively, it was discovered that knee extension decreased lower extremity perfusion while knee flexion returned perfusion. An angiography revealed a popliteal artery occlusion with no distal flow. Based on this, an above-knee to below-knee popliteal bypass using the contralateral great saphenous vein was performed followed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the proximal tibia. Conclusion. Proximal tibia physeal injuries, especially the Salter-Harris III and IV injuries, warrant a high index of suspicion of popliteal artery injuries. Palpable pulses and delayed presentation in the distal lower extremity do not rule out a PAI because collateral flow to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries may mask signs of an avascular limb, highlighting the need for a thorough history and physical exam. The authors present this case to reaffirm the importance of an ankle-brachial index when evaluating hyperextension injuries with proximal tibial epiphyseal fractures.
Influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir Impoundment on Xiannvshan Fault Activity
Authors: Jiayu Zhang , Lili Zhang , Yaowen Zhang , Yunsheng Yao , Haoran Li , Yiming Dai , Renlong Wang , Caixiong Hu
Published: December 2023

Since the initial impoundment and commissioning of the Three Gorges Reservoir in June 2003, seismic activity surrounding the reservoir region has undergone substantial changes. Leveraging geological and hydrogeological data from the Three Gorges Reservoir area, this study statistically analyzes the historical water level and earthquake catalog within the reservoir. By examining the correlation between reservoir water levels and earthquake frequency, the relationship between seismicity along the Xiannvshan fault and water level is analyzed. Additionally, the ArcGIS software is employed to evaluate the spatial pattern of earthquake epicenters during the filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir, with the goal of elucidating the impact of water impoundment at the Three Gorges on the activity along the Xiannvshan fault. The results demonstrate the following. (1) There is a complex process of “continuous loading, permeation and saturation, rebound and rebalancing” in the crust of the reservoir head area during the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and the activity of the Xiannvshan fault is closely related to the reservoir water level. (2) At the 135 m impoundment stage, Xiannvshan fault activity is mainly affected by reservoir water level and is positively correlated with reservoir water level. At the 156 m impoundment stage, reservoir water load is still the main influencing factor of Xiannvshan fault activity, but the permeability of reservoir water is enhanced in this stage. (3) The earthquake epicenters near the northern section of the Xiannvshan fault are clustered during the 175 m experimental impoundment stage. During the continuous loading stage, the reservoir water load is still the main control factor of the Xiannvshan fault, and the seismic activity is significantly enhanced. From November 2010 to November 2013, during the permeation and saturation stage, the dominant factor of Xiannvshan fault activity changed from reservoir water load to reservoir water infiltration along the Xiannvshan fault. The period from 2013.11 to 2014.5 was a vertical rebound stage, and the infiltration effect of reservoir water had a more significant impact on Xiannvshan fault activities.
Enhancing Seismic Performance of Steel-Plated Stress-Ribbon Bridge with Tuned Mass Dampers: A Finite-Element Study
Authors: Dong Hua , Zhang Yi , Huang Zhiqiang , Pu Wuchuan , Liu Kaiwen , Zhang Qishuo
Published: December 2023

There has been a noticeable rise in the construction of lightweight stress-ribbon pedestrian bridges. In regions with a high risk of seismic activity, it is crucial to employ advanced seismic control technology to mitigate the impact of earthquakes and improve the bridge’s performance and durability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) on a steel-plated stress-ribbon bridge using the finite element method. The study aims to analyze the performance of various TMD designs focusing on both vertical and torsional modes. Multiple TMD configurations are considered and numerically compared. The results indicate that TMDs offer both a tuning effect and a static mass effect for stress-ribbon bridges. The tuning effect is most pronounced when the mass ratio falls between 2% and 4%. Installing a single TMD with a mass ratio of 0.05 can decrease vertical displacement along the entire span by up to 36%. Furthermore, a torsional TMD effectively reduces both the torsion of stress ribbons and the pier forces. As a recommendation, the combination of a single vertical displacement TMD and a torsional TMD can be considered the most appropriate scheme for earthquake response control. Moreover, the addition of TMDs reduces the bridge’s sensitivity to the direction of earthquake excitation. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the earthquake performance of stress-ribbon bridges and assist designers in selecting appropriate control schemes to address vibrational issues.
Knowledge Enhancement of Elementary School Staff about Traumatic Dental Injuries Using Different Educational Tools
Authors: Salehi Karizmeh Mojtaba , Mozaffari Fatemeh , Mirzadeh Monirsadat , Jabbarian Razieh
Published: December 2023

Introduction. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different educational tools for knowledge enhancement of elementary school staff about the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Materials and Methods. This quasi-experimental (pretest–posttest) study was conducted on 126 elementary school staff in Qazvin city, who were randomly selected by the cluster sampling in 2020. The baseline knowledge level of the participants about TDIs was assessed by an online questionnaire. Next, they were randomized into the poster, video clip, and no-intervention control groups (56 samples in each group). An informatory poster and a video clip about TDIs were sent to the participants in the first two groups, respectively, through the WhatsApp instant messaging app, and the knowledge level of the three groups was assessed again after 3 weeks. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, McNemar test, chi-square test, and t-test. Results. A significant correlation was noted between the baseline knowledge level of the participants and their educational level, participation in first aid courses covering TDIs, and history of encountering TDIs (

P
<
0.05

). The knowledge level of the participants significantly increased after the intervention in the poster and video clip groups (

P
<
0.05

). Knowledge enhancement was 43.26% in the poster and 36.61% in the video clip group (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Despite the low-baseline knowledge level of the elementary school staff in Qazvin city about TDIs, their knowledge level significantly improved after the educational interventions.
The Influence of Smoking and Occupational Risk Factors on DNA Methylation in the AHRR and F2RL3 Genes
Authors: Pelland-St-Pierre Laura , Pham Michael C. , Nguyen Alice Quynh Huong , Pasquet Romain , Taylor Sherryl A. , Bosson-Rieutort Delphine , Koushik Anita , Ho Vikki
Published: December 2023

Background:

AHRR and F2RL3 hypomethylation has been associated with lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the cross-sectional association between smoking and occupational exposures, and AHRR and F2RL3 methylation.

Methods:

A case–control study was nested in CARTaGENE to examine the association between AHRR and F2RL3 methylation and lung cancer risk (200 cases; 400 controls). A secondary analysis was conducted using the data collected from this nested study; namely, baseline information on participants’ smoking behavior and longest-held job was obtained. A cumulative smoking index summarized information on the number of cigarettes smoked, duration of smoking, and time since cessation. Exposure to 13 occupational agents was estimated using the Canadian Job Exposure Matrix. In baseline blood samples, methylation ratios of 40 CpG sites in the AHRR and F2RL3 genes were measured using Sequenom EpiTYPER. Separate least squares regression models were used to estimate the associations between smoking and occupational exposures, and average AHRR and F2RL3 methylation levels, while adjusting for confounders identified from directed acyclic graphs.

Results:

In both genes, smoking was associated with lower average methylation levels. Occupational exposure to aromatic amines, cadmium, and formaldehyde were associated with lower AHRR methylation while, only benzene was associated with F2RL3 hypomethylation; these associations were stronger among ever smokers.

Conclusions:

Our findings support that smoking and occupational exposures to some agents are associated with AHRR and F2RL3 hypomethylation.

Impact:

Our results inform on mechanisms underlying environmental exposures in lung cancer etiology; future studies should prioritize studying joint exposures.
Figure S6 from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary figure S6 shows that radiation-induced chronic injuries are associated with sarcomagenesis
Figure S5 from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary figure S5 shows mice without dox treatment sustained radiation-induced injuries in the hind limb
Figure S4 from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary figure S4 shows high dose irradiation induces chronic injuries in mouse hind limbs
Figure S2 from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary figure S2 shows that temporary reduction in p53 expression during irradiation increases sarcomagenesis
FIGURE 2 from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Temporary reduction of p53 during irradiation increases chronic injuries in subsets of mice. A, Kaplan–Meier curves show acute injury-free survival (score 1+) of control and p53KD male and female mice irradiated with 40 Gy to the hind limb. P value is from a log-rank test. B, Kaplan–Meier curves show acute injury-free survival (score 1+) of control and p53KD male and female mice irradiated with 30 Gy to the hind limb. P value is from a log-rank test. Kaplan–Meier curves show chronic injury-free survival from scores 1+ (C), 2+ (D), 3+ (E), or 4 (F) of control and p53KD male and female mice irradiated with 30 Gy to the hind limb. P value is from a log-rank test.
Data from Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G.
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Approximately half of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy and, as cancer survivorship increases, the low rate of radiation-associated sarcomas is rising. Pharmacologic inhibition of p53 has been proposed as an approach to ameliorate acute injury of normal tissues from genotoxic therapies, but how this might impact the risk of therapy-induced cancer and normal tissue injuries remains unclear. We utilized mice that express a doxycycline (dox)-inducible p53 short hairpin RNA to reduce Trp53 expression temporarily during irradiation. Mice were placed on a dox diet 10 days prior to receiving 30 or 40 Gy hind limb irradiation in a single fraction and then returned to normal chow. Mice were examined weekly for sarcoma development and scored for radiation-induced normal tissue injuries. Radiation-induced sarcomas were subjected to RNA sequencing. Following single high-dose irradiation, 21% of animals with temporary p53 knockdown during irradiation developed a sarcoma in the radiation field compared with 2% of control animals. Following high-dose irradiation, p53 knockdown preserves muscle stem cells, and increases sarcoma development. Mice with severe acute radiation-induced injuries exhibit an increased risk of developing late persistent wounds, which were associated with sarcomagenesis. RNA sequencing revealed radiation-induced sarcomas upregulate genes related to translation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, and the cell cycle. Comparison of the transcriptomes of human and mouse sarcomas that arose in irradiated tissues revealed regulation of common gene programs, including elevated EMT pathway gene expression. These results suggest that blocking p53 during radiotherapy could minimize acute toxicity while exacerbating late effects including second cancers.
Significance:
Strategies to prevent or mitigate acute radiation toxicities include pharmacologic inhibition of p53 and other cell death pathways. Our data show that temporarily reducing p53 during irradiation increases late effects including sarcomagenesis.
Youngsters and Main Information Source in The Pandemic Era
Authors: Safitri Reza
Published: December 2023

The abundance of information about the COVID-19 vaccine from different sources underscores the need to identify individual preferences for information sources to support the government's COVID-19 vaccine program. The information source the community chooses will influence individual attitudes to take the vaccine or not. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe which media was most accessed by the public during the pandemic to seek information about the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to analyze the relationship between the media as a source of information and people's attitudes. The method used is an online questionnaire with a cross-sectional research design on Indonesian society. Furthermore, demographic information, sources of information, and attitudes in responding to the COVID-19 vaccine will be analyzed using SEM-PLS to measure the relationship between demographics, sources of information, and attitudes in responding to the COVID-19 vaccine.
Fotografia experimental: conceito, poética e estética de agenciamento político na arte latino-americana
Authors: Carvalho Ludimilla
Published: December 2023

A fotografia experimental contemporânea, realizada por artistas latino-americanos, demonstra afinidade com a crítica feita por intelectuais do continente (MIGNOLO, 2010; QUIJANO, 1992; BAIO, 2022; MACHADO, 1984) aos efeitos sociais, epistêmicos e estéticos do pensamento moderno europeu. Desde o século XIX, a fotografia e seus usos dominantes remetem a valores deste pensamento, tais como o tempo linear, a objetividade, o realismo e a verossimilhança. As práticas experimentais, realizadas desde o período oitocentista, representam um contraponto a esses valores, apresentando-se como afronta estética e conceitual a esta agenda epistemológica.  Sem uma cronologia ordenada e caracterizada por diferentes metodologias e estéticas, elas vêm sendo conceituadas com mais ênfase a partir dos anos 2000, por autores como Fernandes Junior (2002), Lenot (2017) e Chiarelli (2006). Com base em pesquisas recentes Wanderlei (2021, 2022) e Cruz e Wanderlei (2023), apresentamos a hipótese de que no contexto latino-americano alguns trabalhos experimentais podem se revestir de uma conotação política, pois trazem críticas às consequências históricas da Modernidade europeia ocidental, o que veremos a partir da análise dos projetos Atlântico Vermelho (2017), de Rosana Paulino, e Rumiantes (2022), de Manuel Limay Incil.
Malos usos y otros gestos feministas. De la glorieta de las mujeres que luchan (México) a las imaginaciones anticoloniales de Daniela Ortiz (Perú).
Authors: Pola Rían Lozano de la
Published: December 2023

En uno de sus últimos textos Sara Ahmed, a propósito de los usos del uso, explica la potencia política de las cosas cuando nos negamos a usarlas “adecuadamente”. Tomando este argumento como punto de partida, y aterrizando el análisis de los malos usos en el contexto latinoamericano, este texto estudiará dos gestos feministas: por un lado, analizaremos intervenciones recientes, por parte de colectivas feministas, en los bienes patrimoniales de la Ciudad de México. Nos centraremos en la construcción de un memorial público y colectivo donde la estatua de Cristóbal Colón ha sido sustituida por la silueta de una mujer en lucha. En segundo lugar, tomaremos la propuesta de la artista peruana Daniela Ortiz para demostrar cómo ciertas prácticas artísticas contemporáneas, producidas en América Latina, pueden desviar la conformación de sentido y, con ello, desafiar la pervivencia de este régimen visual colonial y patriarcal. El objetivo general de este artículo busca analizar cómo las apariciones inesperadas de determinados cuerpos (los de mujeres, pero también los cuerpos racializados, las experiencias migrantes, etc.) en el espacio y el debate público producen, además, un irreversible desvío del sentido de las cosas y de sus usos.
Distribuição socioespacial de praças urbanas: análise reflexiva para maior equidade na oferta de espaços livres públicos da grande Cobilândia, Vila Velha (ES)
Authors: Matos Amanda Chaves de , Ramos Larissa Leticia Andara , Jesus Luciana Aparecida Netto de , Conde Karla Moreira
Published: December 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma análise reflexiva da distribuição socioespacial de praças urbanas no que tange à disponibilidade e atendimento à população, tendo como recorte espacial a Grande Cobilândia, Vila Velha (ES). As análises revelam uma distribuição não homogênea das praças, não atendendo toda a população da regional em estudo. Bairros de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, baixa renda per capita e alta densidade demográfica não apresentam praças ou outro espaço livre público, verificando-se uma na oferta destes espaços, bem como uma baixa acessibilidade espacial às praças. O estudo visa contribuir para o planejamento urbano municipal e a formulação de princípios para uma visão sistêmica dos espaços livres públicos urbanos.
Os perversos e as poetisas: Literatura de Sodoma e arredores
Authors: Klobucka Anna M.
Published: December 2023

Este artigo procura reexaminar a participação de Judith Teixeira no episódio histórico da “Literatura de Sodoma”, com recurso a uma contextualização alargada da sua estreia poética e do lançamento de Decadência. Argumento que uma compreensão mais completa e matizada dos eventos de 1922-23 no que diz respeito a Teixeira deverá levar em conta a sua inserção em dois conjuntos distintos mas, através dela, relacionados de agentes socioculturais: os “perversos” (masculinos) do campo modernista português e as “poetisas”, cuja emergência robusta no mercado literário dos inícios da década de 1920 formava o contexto incontornável da estreia da autora de Decadência.
Literatura juvenil, adolescências e leituras escolares
Authors: Gregorin Filho José Nicolau
Published: December 2023

Pretende-se discutir as concepções de "adolescência" e "juventude", além das mudanças comportamentais ocorridas com o advento das tecnologias de informação e como elas transformaram e ainda podem transformar a formação de leitores literários, uma vez que a crescente expansão dessas tecnologias tem levado a um comportamento mais imediatista por parte dos leitores.
Thoracic Aortic Calcium Density and Area in Long-Term Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Men Versus Women
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Kim Cherry , van Assen Marly , De Cecco Carlo N. , Berman Daniel S. , Budoff Matthew J. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola , Miedema Michael D. , Nasir Khurram , Rozanski Alan , Fernandez Camilo , Rumberger John A. , Shaw Leslee J. , Bødtker Mortensen Martin , Wong Nathan D. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Sperling Laurence S. , Whelton Seamus P. , Blaha Michael J. , Dzaye Omar
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

The development of thoracic aortic calcium (TAC) temporally precedes coronary artery calcium more often in women versus men. Whether TAC density and area confer sex-specific differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk is unknown.

METHODS:

We studied 5317 primary prevention patients who underwent coronary artery calcium scoring on noncontrast cardiac gated computed tomography with TAC >0. The Agatston TAC score (Agatston units), density (Hounsfield units), and area (mm
2
) were compared between men and women. Cox proportional hazards regression calculated adjusted hazard ratios for TAC density-area groups with ASCVD mortality, adjusting for traditional risk factors, coronary artery calcium, and TAC. Multinomial logistic regression calculated adjusted odds ratios for the association between traditional risk factors and TAC density-area groups.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 60.7 years, 38% were women, and 163 ASCVD deaths occurred over a median of 11.7-year follow-up. Women had higher median TAC scores (97 versus 84 Agatston units;
P
=0.004), density (223 versus 210 Hounsfield units;
P
<0.001), and area (37 versus 32 mm
2
;
P
=0.006) compared with men. There was a stepwise higher incidence of ASCVD deaths across increasing TAC density-area groups in men though women with low TAC density relative to TAC area (3.6 per 1000 person-years) had survival probability commensurate with the high-density-high-area group (4.8 per 1000 person-years). Compared with low TAC density-area, low TAC density/high TAC area conferred a 3.75-fold higher risk of ASCVD mortality in women (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.75 [95% CI, 1.13–12.44]) but not in men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.48–2.84]). Risk factors most strongly associated with low TAC density/high TAC area differed in women (diabetes: adjusted odds ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.34–5.07]) versus men (hypertension: adjusted odds ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.90]).

CONCLUSIONS:

TAC density-area phenotypes do not consistently associate with ASCVD mortality though low TAC density relative to area may be a marker of increased ASCVD risk in women.
What about Love?
Authors: Nenadović Ana
Published: December 2023

This article examines the representation of love in two contemporary Nigerian novels, Abubakar Adam Ibrahim’s Season of Crimson Blossoms (2015) and Akwaeke Emezi’s The Death of Vivek Oji (2020). Inspired by bell hooks’s understanding of love and Dani d’Emilia and Daniel B. Chávez’s manifesto Radical Tenderness Is … I suggest the concept of defiant love as a tool for analysing love as a form of civic dissent in these novels. ‘Defiant love,’ as I understand it, embraces the complementary duality of love as emotion and action. Consequently, to allow the emotion of love to evolve in violent and patriarchal circumstances already constitutes dissent with the status quo. I argue that the two novels explore relationships and alliances that defy patriarchal structures, in particular gender norms and heteronormativity. Season of Crimson Blossoms and The Death of Vivek Oji depict the potentiality of defiant love, be it between a middle-aged widow and a young man, or queer young people, in socio-political contexts of continuous political and ethnic tensions, oppression and violence. The novels negotiate what constitutes dissent and what role affects play in moments of civic dissent.