bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid–liquid phase separation‐related gene in gliomas: FABP5 is a potential prognostic marker
Authors: Tang Qikai , Mao Xiaoman , Chen Zhengxin , Ma Chenfeng , Tu Yiming , Zhu Qianmiao , Lu Jiacheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Qixiang , Wu Wei
Published: April 2023

Background

The glioma is the most malignant human brain tumor. Early glioma detection and treatment are still difficult. New biomarkers are desperately required to aid in the evaluation of diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods

The single cell sequencing dataset scRNA‐6148 for glioblastoma was obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Data were gathered for the transcriptome sequencing project. Genes involved in liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) were taken out of the DrLLPS database. To find the modules connected to LLPS, the weighted co‐expression network was analyzed. Differential expression analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gliomas. Pseudo‐time series analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration analysis were used to investigate the role of important genes in the immunological microenvironment. We examined the function of key glioma genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, CCK‐8 assays, clone generation assays, transwell assays and wound healing assays.

Results

FABP5 was identified as a key gene in glioblastoma by multiomics research. Pseudo‐time series analysis showed that FABP5 was highly linked with the differentiation of many different types of cells. GSEA revealed that FABP5 was strongly linked to several hallmark pathways in glioblastoma. We looked at immune cell infiltration and discovered a significant link between FABP5, macrophages and T cell follicular helpers. The PCR experiment results demonstrated that FABP5 expression was elevated in glioma samples. Cell experiments showed that FABP5 knockdown dramatically decreased the viability, proliferation, invasion and migration of the LN229 and U87 glioma cell lines.

Conclusions

Our study provides a new biomarker, FABP5, for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
高度の尿糖排泄が遷延したSGLT2阻害薬関連正常血糖ケトアシドーシスの1例(A case of SGLT2 inhibitor–associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis with prolonged high urinary glucose excretion)
Authors: 大史 福岡 , 健 蛯原 , 昭久 小西 , 丈太郎 舘野 , 裕司 小倉 , 順 織田
Published: April 2023

40歳代の女性，10年来の糖尿病に対して，sodium–glucose cotransporter 2阻害薬（SGLT2i），dipeptidyl peptidase–4阻害薬，メトホルミンを服用していた。前医に交通外傷による上腕骨骨折で入院し，受傷後8日目に全身麻酔下に手術が行われた。術当日はすべての内服が中止された。術後より嘔気，多尿を認め，術後2日目には頻呼吸が出現した。精査加療目的に同日，救命救急センターに転院となった。血液検査にて，乳酸値が正常であるanion gap開大性の代謝性アシドーシスを認めた。血糖値159mg/dL，尿検査で尿糖3+（1,854mg/dL），ケトン体3+であった。SGLT2iの内服歴，尿中ケトン体陽性，代謝性アシドーシスから正常血糖ケトアシドーシス（euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: EDKA）と診断した。脱水の補正，インスリン，グルコースの経静脈的投与により，アシドーシスは改善したが，尿中の高度な糖排泄，多尿は持続した。全身状態は改善し，術後4日目に前医に転院となった。500mg/dL以上の尿中への糖排泄は，SGLT2i中止後も10日間以上持続した。SGLT2i中止後も長期にわたり高度の尿糖排泄が遷延する症例では，多尿，脱水に対して適切な水分管理が必要と考えられる。
多発顔面汚染創と後弓反張から破傷風との鑑別を要したMarchiafava–Bignami diseaseの1例(A case of Marchiafava–Bignami disease required differential diagnosis with tetanus due to facial contaminated wounds and opisthotonos)
Authors: 優 蔵増 , 尚弘 山田 , 宣寿 松村 , 雄太 辻本 , 学 和田 , 健一郎 武田 , 一真 森野
Published: April 2023

Marchiafava–Bignami disease（MBD）は，長期間のアルコール摂取や低栄養を原因に意識障害を引き起こす一方で，稀な疾患であるため意識障害の原因疾患として鑑別に挙がらず，正確なMBDの診断に至らない可能性がある。症例は大酒家の56歳男性。受診3日前に1mの高さより転落し，その後体動困難となり前医を受診した。前医では顔面および後頭部に多発する汚染創と後弓反張を認め，破傷風と診断され加療目的で当院へ転院搬送された。当院来院時，破傷風は否定的であったが，前医での経過から確実に除外することも困難であり，低侵襲な治療は必要と判断した。一方で長期のアルコール摂取歴からアルコールや栄養障害に伴う脳症を第一に疑い，ビタミンB1を中心とするビタミン補充療法を開始した。第2病日に，飲酒歴と臨床症状，前医の頭部MRI画像における脳梁膨大部高信号からMBDと診断した。ビタミン補充療法で症状は改善し，第13病日に前医へ転院となった。MBDは早期のビタミン補充療法で神経症状改善の可能性があるため，救急医はMBDの病態を理解し，長期間のアルコール摂取歴のある意識障害患者では，MBDを想起し鑑別を行うことが重要である。
Amino acid fertilizer strengthens its effect on crop yield and quality by recruiting beneficial rhizosphere microbes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Yu , Xu Wanyu , Cheng Jiarong , Liu Jianjian , Pei Wenxia , Wang Jianfei , Chuang Shaochuang
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

There is currently an increase in the use of new types of fertilizers in modern agriculture. Studies have shown that amino acid fertilizers can improve crop yield and quality. However, their effects on crop rhizosphere ecology and their ecological impacts on crop yield are largely unknown. This study evaluated the effects of a water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer (WAAF) on tomatoes and its ecological effects on rhizosphere bacterial communities using greenhouse pot experiments.

RESULTS

The results showed that WAAF could promote the growth of tomatoes and improve the quality of fruits more effectively than water‐soluble chemical fertilizer controls. Interestingly, WAAF showed a different regulating pattern on root exudates and increased the secretion of 17 major water‐soluble root exudates, including hexadecanoic acid and 3‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone. Water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer also affected noticeably the composition, abundance, and beta‐diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and strengthened the potential relationships between community members. Water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer showed a significant selective enrichment ability and recruited some members of the genera such as Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, Chitinophaga, Gemmatimonas, Mitsuaria, Mucilaginibacter, Paracoccus, Sphingopyxis, and Variovorax. Network analysis and functional prediction implied that, besides fertilizer effects, the recruiting of beneficial microbes involved in chemotaxis and biofilm formation was also a considerable factor in tomato yield and quality improvement.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed ecological and recruiting effects of WAAF on rhizosphere microbes and potentially beneficial microbiota, and provided a basis for the amino acid fertilizer regulation of rhizosphere ecology to improve soil health and further improve crop yield and quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Detoxifying mycotoxins and antifungal properties of two rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspecies in artificially contaminated corn silages
Authors: Dong Tianyi , Liang Yucheng , Shao Tao , Wang Wenbo , Ma Pengfei , Wang Wenkang , Li Junfeng , Yuan Xianjun
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Mycotoxins contamination in food and feed has emerged as an issue of serious concern because they pose serious health risks to both humans and livestock. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspp. on fermentation and hygienic quality of artificially contaminated corn silages. The toxigenic fungal‐infested (FI) and non‐fungal infested (NFI) corn was harvested at 1/2 milk line stage and ensiled without additives (CON) or withEnterococcus faecalis(E) orEnterococcus faecium(M).

RESULTS

The pH of FI silages was higher than that of NFI silages, the pH in NFI‐M was lower than in NFI‐CON. InoculatingE. faeciummarkedly increased lactic acid concentration compared to CON and E silages. BothE. faeciumandE. faecalisdecreased the deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) concentrations compared with the CON for FI silages, whileE. faeciumwas more effective in eliminating aflatoxin B1(AFB1). The FI silage had higher bacterial and fungal Shannon indexes than NFI silages. The relative abundance (RA) ofAspergillusandFusariummarked a decline from day 5 to day 90. InoculatingE. faeciumandE. faecalisreduced the RA ofPenicilliumcompared to CON.In vitromycotoxins removal assay indicated thatE. faeciumwas more effective in AFB1detoxification while having lower detoxifying ZEN capacity thanE. faecalis.

CONCLUSION

Inoculating rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspp. isolates alleviated the negative effects of fungal infestation on the fermentation and hygienic quality of corn silages by changing the microbial communities and detoxifying mycotoxins. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mirror‐Transcending Aerial Imaging (MiTAi): An optical system that freely crosses the boundary between mirrored and real spaces
Authors: Sano Ayaka , Makiguchi Motohiro , Matsumoto Takahiro , Matsukawa Hisashi , Yamamoto Ryuji
Published: April 2023

Many optical systems for displaying digital information on mirrors have been proposed, but information can only be displayed in either mirrored or real space and cannot move back and forth between the two. We have therefore developed a new optical system called mirror‐transcending aerial imaging (MiTAi) that freely crosses the boundary between mirrored and real spaces. MiTAi is based on an existing aerial‐imaging system consisting of a retro‐reflector, a beam splitter, and a moving display. MiTAi is designed as a space‐saving design by changing the orientation and position of the moving display as the light source. We implemented a prototype MiTAi to evaluate the luminance of the displayed aerial images and found that the aerial image formed by the prototype is able to move freely between both mirrored and real spaces. Moreover, the luminance of the image is not significantly lower than that formed by the existing aerial‐imaging system. MiTAi will enable the creation of a new user experience by integrating smart mirrors and real‐space aerial images.
The Impact of Gender on Long‐Term Quality of Life After Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Adams Dara R. , Xu Lucy J. , Vickery Thad W. , Scangas George A. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Gray Stacey T. , Metson Ralph
Published: April 2023

Objective

To identify the impact of gender on the clinical outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) through the comparison of quality of life measures in female and male patients who undergo surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Study Design

Prospective observational cohort study.

Methods

Patients with CRS completed the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and EuroQol 5‐Dimension Survey (EQ‐5D) preoperatively and annually for 5 years following ESS. Health utility values (HUV) were calculated from EQ‐5D scores. Comparisons of cohort characteristics were performed with chi‐square and t‐tests. A multivariable linear mixed effects model evaluated changes in SNOT‐22 and HUV over time by gender.

Results

Among the 1268 patients (54% female) enrolled, 789 and 343 completed postoperative surveys at one and 5 years, respectively. Preoperatively, females experienced more severe symptoms: mean SNOT‐22 score (51.1 ± 20.9 female vs. 44.7 ± 20.0 male, p < 0.001) and HUV (0.80 ± 0.14 female vs. 0.84 ± 0.11 male, p < 0.001). These gender differences were resolved by year one postoperatively (SNOT‐22: p = 0.083; HUV: p = 0.465). Two years after surgery, however, females reported more severe symptoms (SNOT‐22: 25.6 ± 20.7 female vs. 21.5 ± 17.4 male, p = 0.005; HUV: 0.88 ± 0.12 female vs. 0.90 ± 0.11 male, p = 0.018), a difference that persisted at year five. These gender‐related differences remained after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, nasal polyps, history of prior ESS, and smoking status (p < 0.001). Within‐subject improvement was comparable between genders (SNOT‐22: p = 0.869; HUV: p = 0.611).

Conclusion

Females with CRS reported more severe symptoms both before and 5 years after surgery compared to their male counterparts. Understanding the mechanism behind these gender‐related differences is important for optimizing CRS treatment.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:3319–3326, 2023
Development of a 2D model for rapid estimation of sulfide corrosion of copper canisters in a spent nuclear fuel repository
Authors: Ma Jin , Alt‐Epping Peter , Pastina Barbara , Niskanen Mika , Salonen Timo , Wersin Paul
Published: April 2023

Reactive‐transport models (RTMs) have been an integral part of the safety case and design optimization for the nuclear waste repository in Finland. Such highly resolved, internally complex RTMs tend to be computationally demanding, thus their design is often a compromise between representativeness and computational efficiency. A modeling strategy is presented, demonstrating how a 2D simplified model can be constructed based upon and calibrated against a geometrically realistic 3D RTM. Key geometrical parameters of the 2D model are consistent with the 3D model, and the 2D model is verified by a series of benchmarks for various designs and conditions of the repository. Overall, the 2D model is proven suitable for fast scoping calculations, as (1) it reduces the mesh elements by 16 times and shortens the run time by about 40 times; (2) it has much more flexible remeshing possibilities; and (3) it provides highly consistent results with the 3D model.
A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Xu Hui , Peng Chaohua , Xia Long , Miao Zhongxi , He Siyuan , Chi Cheng , Luo Weiang , Chen Guorong , Zeng Birong , Wang Shuchuan , Dai Lizong
Published: April 2023

Smoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)‐based hybrids flame retardant (P‐AlMo6) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity‐reduction and smoke‐suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction between POMs and organic molecules with double DOPO (bisDOPA). It combines the good compatibility of the organic molecule and the superior catalytic performance of POMs. Compared to pure EP, the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of EP composite with 5 wt.% P‐AlMo6 (EP/P‐AlMo6‐5) are raised by 12.3 °C and 57.75%, respectively. Notably, at low flame‐retardant addition, the average CO to CO2 ratio (Av‐COY/Av‐CO2Y) is reduced by 33.75%. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) are lowered by 44.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) value achieved 31.7% and obtained UL‐94 V‐0 rating. SEM, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TG‐FTIR are applied to analyze the flame‐retardant mechanism in condensed and gas phase. Outstanding flame retardant, low smoke toxicity properties are attained due to the catalytic carbonization ability of metal oxides Al2O3 and MoO3 produced from the breakdown of POMs. This work advances the development of POMs‐based hybrids flame retardants with low smoke toxicity properties.
Historische Präparate für alle
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Franze Georg , Böhme Uwe , Kroke Edwin
Published: April 2023

Clemens Winkler, ab 1873 Professor für anorganische Chemie an der Bergakademie Freiberg, schmolz seine Entdeckungen, darunter verschiedene Germaniumverbindungen, in Glasampullen ein. Damit begründete er die Sammlung anorganisch‐chemischer Präparate der TU Freiberg, die die Universität heute noch in der Lehre einsetzt. Jetzt wird diese Sammlung digitalisiert.
Bilanz Henkel 2022: Friseure, Konsumenten und Klebstoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2023

Henkel hat im Jahr 2022 aus zwei Unternehmensbereichen einen gemacht und beim Umsatz einen Höchststand erreicht.
Weltraumchemie: Antreiben, schützen, verbinden
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2023

Das liefern Chemieunternehmen für Raketen, Satelliten und Erkundungen im All: Schaumstoffe absorbieren Schall und schützen elektronische Raketensysteme vor Startvibrationen. Wasserstoffperoxid treibt Raketen an, und Folien beschichten Solarzellen, die Satelliten mit Energie versorgen.
CheMento: Auf zur Exkursion!
Authors: Grün Franziska , Höglsperger Fabian , Appleson Theresa , Dinges Ida , Reinders Leonie
Published: April 2023

Fünf Mentees berichten von Exkursionen zum Chempark Dormagen, zur BASF Ludwigshafen und zu Boehringer Ingelheim.
Raumfahrt: Feste Treibstoffe für Raketen
Authors: Holler Marcel
Published: April 2023

Hervorgegangen aus militärischen Entwicklungen sind Komposittreibstoffe die am häufigsten eingesetzten festen Raketentreibstoffe. Dafür müssen Binderpolymere, Oxidationsmittel, Brennstoffe und Additive zusammen hohen Schub erzeugen.
Biowerkstoffe: Spargel auf dem Fußboden
Authors: Bergholz Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Ein Forschungsprojekt am Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe der Hochschule Hannover nutzt Spargelschalen für neue Bodenbeläge.
Studentinnen aus der Ukraine: "Wir machen keine Pläne"
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: April 2023

Im Frühjahr vor einem Jahr waren unter den Flüchtenden aus der Ukraine auch Chemiestudentinnen aus Kyjiw. Etwa 20 hatte die Universität Gießen aufgenommen. Sie haben seitdem Forschungsprojekte gestartet, das Studium abgeschlossen, eine Doktorarbeit begonnen, Deutsch gelernt oder Deutschland verlassen.
Gründen: Was ist ein Exit und muss dieser erfolgen?
Authors: Festel Gunter
Published: April 2023

Was ist ein Exit und muss dieser erfolgen?
Nachruf: Michael Przybylski
Authors: Glocker Michael O. , Kleinekofort Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Michael Przybylskis interdisziplinär ausgelegte Forschung brachte neue massenspektrometrische Methodenkombinationen hervor, die weltweit eingesetzt werden.
Nachruf: Hanns von Weyssenhoff
Authors: Habekost Achim , Wickleder Claudia
Published: April 2023

Am 18. Februar 2023 verstarb Hanns von Weyssenhoff im 94. Lebensjahr. Er gehörte zu den ersten, der photochemische Prozesse mit Laser untersuchte.
Wieder in Präsenz
Authors: Karger Gerhard
Published: April 2023

Nach fast zwei Jahren pandemiebedingter Pause und wissenschaftlichem Austausch in virtuellen Räumen knüpften fast alle Fachstrukturen wieder an die Vor‐Corona‐Zeit an und ließen persönliche Kontakte wieder aufleben. Doch auch digitale Formate haben in Online‐Webinaren und ‐Vortragsreihen eine Zukunft. Der Trend zur Verjüngung der Fachgruppen ist ungebrochen.
Vorschau GDCh‐Vorstandswahl 2023
Authors: Koch Wolfram
Published: April 2023

Für die Amtsperiode 2024 – 2027 des GDCh‐Vorstands sind jeweils sieben Positionen für den Bereich A (Hochschule, Forschungseinrichtungen und Behörden) und den Bereich B (Wirtschaft und freie Berufe) zu besetzen. Insgesamt 24 Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten stellen sich zur Wahl.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2023 (3/3): Ultraschnelle Strukturdynamik
Authors: Müller‐Werkmeister Henrike
Published: April 2023

Stickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen im interstellaren Staub verraten, wie Sterne entstehen. Diese Moleküle haben Weltraumforscher:innen mit hochauflösender Rotationsspektroskopie detektiert und dazu die Verhältnisse im All im Labor nachgestellt. Wie organische Reaktionen wie nukleophile Substitution auf Molekülebene ablaufen, lässt sich mit Molekularstrahlmethoden herausfinden. Streumethoden dienen dazu, Reaktionen auf Oberflächen auf atomarer Ebene zu erfassen. Zeitaufgelöste Beugungsmethoden mit ultrakurzen Elektronen oder Röntgenphotonen werden zunehmend auf chemische Fragen angewandt, um Strukturen transienter Zustände zu beobachten.
Navigating nutrition and hydration care in the adult patient with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Roberts Kristen , Shah Neha D. , Parrish Carol Rees , Wall Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Attending diligently to the nutrition and hydration needs of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a key tenet of their care, both postoperatively and in the years that follow. For, without each, patients are left to themselves to navigate the nutrition consequences of SBS, including malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, renal compromise, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, and impaired quality of life. The intent of this review is to discuss the initial nutrition assessment, oral diet, hydration, and home nutrition support for the patient with SBS.
Registration of L‐74X nonshattering basin wildrye × creeping wildrye germplasm
Authors: Larson Steven R. , Jones Thomas A. , Jensen Kevin B.
Published: April 2023

Basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve] is somewhat indeterminate and shatters its seed. To avoid shattering losses, growers tend to harvest basin wildrye seed prior to maximal physiological maturity. To resolve the intersecting problems of floral indeterminacy and seed shattering, USDA‐ARS released the L‐74X basin wildrye × creeping wildrye [L. triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger] germplasm (Reg. no. GP‐106, PI 701909) on August 26, 2021. While L‐74X has a narrow genetic base due to a biparental cross in its history, it can be used to introgress the nonshattering recessive sh6 allele of creeping wildrye (2n = 4x = 28) into 4x basin wildrye and closely related 4x Leymus species. L‐74X originated with hybridization between 4x populations of basin wildrye and creeping wildrye, followed by eight generations of recombination and natural selection that restored fertility to the interspecific hybrid. Intentional selection led to fixation of the sh6 allele. Averaged across 2 years, shattering genotypes (Sh6/sh6) averaged 19.4% greater (P < 0.05) seed yield per spike 23 days after pollination (DAP), but by 95 DAP, nonshattering genotypes (sh6/sh6) averaged 167% greater (P < 0.05) seed yield per spike. Germination increased from 72.1% at 23 DAP to 86.4% at 95 DAP. The sh6 allele allows seed growers to delay seed harvest until seed is fully ripe, concomitantly reducing shattering losses and improving physiological seed quality.
Comparison of circulating tumor DNA between African American and Caucasian patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer post‐abiraterone and/or enzalutamide
Authors: Jang Albert , Lanka Sree M. , Huang Minqi , Casado Crystal V. , Caputo Sydney A. , Sweeney Patrick L. , Gupta Kanika , Pocha Olivia , Habibian Nicholas , Hawkins Madeline E. , Lieberman Alexandra D. , Schwartz Jennifer , Jaeger Ellen B. , Miller Patrick J. , Layton Jodi L. , Barata Pedro C. , Lewis Brian E. , Ledet Elisa M. , Sartor Oliver
Published: April 2023

Background

African American men are much more likely than Caucasian men to be diagnosed with and to die of prostate cancer. Genetic differences likely play a role. The cBioPortal database reveals that African American men with prostate cancer have higher rates of CDK12 somatic mutations compared to Caucasian men. However, this does not account for prior prostate cancer treatments, which are particularly important in the castrate‐resistant setting. We aimed to compare somatic mutations based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) between African American and Caucasian men after exposure to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide.

Methods

This single‐institution retrospective study characterizes the somatic mutations detected on ctDNA for African American and Caucasian men with mCRPC who had progressed after abiraterone and/or enzalutamide from 2015 through 2022. We evaluated the gene mutations and types of mutations in this mCRPC cohort.

Results

There were 50 African American and 200 Caucasian men with CRPC with available ctDNA data. African American men were younger at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.008) and development of castration resistance (p = 0.006). African American men were more likely than Caucasian men to have pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in CDK12 (12% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.003) and copy number amplifications and P/LP mutations in KIT (8.0% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.031). African American men were also significantly more likely to have frameshift mutations (28% vs. 14%; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

Compared to Caucasian men, African American men with mCRPC after exposure to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide had a higher incidence of somatic CDK12 P/LP mutations and KIT amplifications and P/LP mutations based on ctDNA. African American men also had more frameshift mutations. We hypothesize that these findings have potential implications for tumor immunogenicity.
Self‐Regulating Process for Large Area Nanowire Solar Cells Based on Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Films Prepared on Glass
Authors: Jia Guobin , Gawlik Annett , Dellith Andrea , Dellith Jan , Plentz Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Herein, a process for the large‐area passivating and contacting of nanowire‐based solar cells is demonstrated. The nanowire‐based solar cells are prepared on layered laser crystallization (LLC) polycrystalline silicon (pc‐Si) thin films with thickness less than 2 μm. It is demonstrated that the space between the nanowires can be filled with a passivating dielectrics Al2O3 layer, and the nanowire tips can be exposed by a self‐regulating selective etching of the Al2O3 deposited on the tips and that on the sidewalls. The exposed tips of the nanowires can be connected by a transparent conducting aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO or AZO) layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The laser beam‐induced current mapping (LBIC) demonstrates that the current density can increase up to 63% at 633 nm due to light trapping and the superior passivation of the nanowires with an thin pc‐Si film of only 1.73 μm.
Optimization of Electron Transport Layer‐Free Cs2TiBr6/MASnBr3 Laminated Structure Perovskite Solar Cells by SCAPS‐1D Simulation
Authors: You Ling , Zhang Xin , Ma Qian , Zhu Wu , Wu Jiang
Published: April 2023

Cs2TiBr6 materials have promising applications in organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is low. Herein, based on the matching band structure of MASnBr3 and Cs2TiBr6, a no‐electron transport layer (ETL)‐structured laminated PSC is constructed for numerical simulation using SCAPS‐1D. The results have shown that the ETL‐free structure reduces the potential barrier between the interfaces and improves the performance of the device. MASnBr3 is used to replace the traditional hole transport layer to form a laminated structure, which is more conducive to the built‐in electric field of the device. Through exploring the internal influencing factors and applicable environment, it is found that the device can maintain a good operating level between 230 and 430 K. Finally, the best PCE of 19.63% is achieved in the proposed device structure (FTO/Cs2TiBr6/MASnBr3/Au). This work provides a new approach to achieving lead‐free and efficient laminated PSCs in a wide temperature range of usage environments from −43 to 157 °C.
Fast Photoresponse from Hybrid Monolayer MoS2/Organic Photodetector
Authors: Raoufi Meysam , Rühl Steffen , Chandrabose Sreelakshmi , Shukla Atul , Sun Bowen , Kratochvil Emil-List , Blumstengel Sylke , Neher Dieter
Published: April 2023

As a direct‐bandgap transition semiconductor with high carrier mobility, monolayer (ML) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted significant attention as a promising class of material for photodetection. It is reported that these layers exhibit a persistent photoconductance (PPC) effect, which is assigned to long‐lasting hole capture by deep traps. Therefore, TMDCs‐based photodetectors show a high photoresponse but also a slow response. Herein, intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) with steady‐state background illumination is performed to investigate the photoresponse dynamics in a hybrid photodetector based on ML MoS2 covered with an ultrathin layer of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) molecules. The results demonstrate that adding the H2Pc layer speeds up the photoresponse of the neat ML‐MoS2 photodetector by almost two orders of magnitude without deteriorating its responsivity. The origin of these improvements is revealed by applying the Hornbeck–Haynes model to the photocarrier dynamics in the IMPS experiment. It is shown that the improved response speed of the hybrid device arises mostly from a faster detrapping of holes in the presence of the H2Pc layer, while the trap densities remain rather unchanged. Meanwhile, the additional absorption of photons in the H2Pc layer contributes to photocarrier generation, resulting in an enlarged responsivity of the hybrid device.
Additive and Interface Engineering via Crosslinked 3D Polymer Network for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Chih-Yu
Published: April 2023

In this study, a facile and promising strategy is presented to enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PeSC) by incorporating tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (TEGDVE) as the additive and dopant for perovskite active layer and amine‐functionalized perylene diimide (PDIN) cathode interfacial layer, respectively. The results indicate that the electron‐donating oxygen atoms of TEGDVE can interact with undercoordinated Pb2+ via the formation of coordination bond, which synchronously passivates the defects within perovskite film and manipulates the crystallization kinetics. Additionally, the vinyl functional groups on TEGDVE can undergo thermal cross‐linking reaction and form three‐dimensional polymer network, enabling perovskite film to possess good optoelectronic properties and enhanced moisture stability. In addition, the incorporation of TEGDVE can induce n‐doping of PDIN due to its adequate electron donation capability offered by oxygen atoms. With these appealing features, the resulting device delivers not only high power conversion efficiency up to 20.90% but also satisfied ambient stability, greatly outperforming those of the PeSC without TEGDVE. This work provides a new avenue to improve the efficiency and stability of PeSC based on a facile strategy. The findings present a significant step towards the practical applications of this emerging technology.
Combining evidence from clinical trials in conditional or accelerated approval
Authors: Deforth Manja , Micheloud Charlotte , Roes Kit C. , Held Leonhard
Published: April 2023

Conditional (European Medicines Agency) or accelerated (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approval of drugs allows earlier access to promising new treatments that address unmet medical needs. Certain post‐marketing requirements must typically be met in order to obtain full approval, such as conducting a new post‐market clinical trial. We study the applicability of the recently developed harmonic mean ‐test to this conditional or accelerated approval framework. The proposed approach can be used both to support the design of the post‐market trial and the analysis of the combined evidence provided by both trials. Other methods considered are the two‐trials rule, Fisher's criterion and Stouffer's method. In contrast to some of the traditional methods, the harmonic mean ‐test always requires a post‐market clinical trial. If the ‐value from the pre‐market clinical trial is , a smaller sample size for the post‐market clinical trial is needed than with the two‐trials rule. For illustration, we apply the harmonic mean ‐test to a drug which received conditional (and later full) market licensing by the EMA. A simulation study is conducted to study the operating characteristics of the harmonic mean ‐test and two‐trials rule in more detail. We finally investigate the applicability of these two methods to compute the power at interim of an ongoing post‐market trial. These results are expected to aid in the design and assessment of the required post‐market studies in terms of the level of evidence required for full approval.
Theoretical study on initial decomposition paths of several [5,6,5]‐tricyclic, [5,7,5]‐tricyclic and [5,8,5]‐tricyclic heterocyclic energetic materials based on fused ring
Authors: Shang Fangjian , Wang Ting , Xue Hua , Ma Yinhua
Published: April 2023

High energy materials based on fused ring are an important type of new energetic materials recently synthesized. However, its decomposition path has not received much attention. Density functional theory (DFT) method is used to study the initial decomposition reaction paths of 12 high energy materials based on fused ring. In addition to the conventional decomposition reaction, it is also found that the production of N2 molecule by ring opening process, which is the lowest energy initial decomposition path with only 40 kcal/mol energy barrier among [5,6,5]‐tricyclic heterocyclic energetic materials and also theoretically shows that such reactants are the most unstable and conform to the experimental data. In addition, it is also found that there is a novel reaction path for releasing N2 by contraction of middle ring in the initial decomposition path of [5,7,5]‐tricyclic and [5,8,5]‐tricyclic heterocyclic energetic materials.
Characterizing aboveground biomass and tree cover of regrowing forests in Brazil using multi‐source remote sensing data
Authors: Chen Na , Tsendbazar Nandin‐Erdene , Requena Suarez Daniela , Verbesselt Jan , Herold Martin
Published: April 2023

Characterization of regrowing forests is vital for understanding forest dynamics to assess the impacts on carbon stocks and to support sustainable forest management. Although remote sensing is a key tool for understanding and monitoring forest dynamics, the use of exclusively remotely sensed data to explore the effects of different variables on regrowing forests across all biomes in Brazil has rarely been investigated. Here, we analyzed how environmental and human factors affect regrowing forests. Based on Brazil's secondary forest age map, 3060 locations disturbed between 1984 and 2018 were sampled, interpreted and analyzed in different biomes. We interpreted the time since disturbance for the sampled pixels in Google Earth Engine. Elevation, slope, climatic water deficit (CWD), the total Nitrogen of soil, cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, surrounding tree cover, distance to roads, distance to settlements and fire frequency were analyzed in their importance for predicting aboveground biomass (AGB) and tree cover derived from global forest aboveground biomass map and tree cover map, respectively. Results show that time since disturbance interpreted from satellite time series is the most important predictor for characterizing AGB and tree cover of regrowing forests. AGB increased with increasing time since disturbance, surrounding tree cover, soil total N, slope, distance to roads, distance to settlements and decreased with larger fire frequency, CWD and CEC of soil. Tree cover increased with larger time since disturbance, soil total N, surrounding tree cover, distance to roads, distance to settlements, slope and decreased with increasing elevation and CWD. These results emphasize the importance of remotely sensing products as key opportunities to improve the characterization of forest regrowth and to reduce data gaps and uncertainties related to forest carbon sink estimation. Our results provide a better understanding of regional forest dynamics, toward developing and assessing effective forest‐related restoration and climatic mitigation strategies.
Porous Supramolecular Assemblies for Efficient Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Chen Fang , Zheng Liping , Li Chen , Wang Benlei , Wu Qing , Dai Zhifeng , Wang Sai , Sun Qi , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng‐Shou
Published: April 2023

The development of catalytic systems that can activate aryl chlorides for palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions is at the forefront of ongoing efforts to synthesize fine chemicals. In this study, a facile ligand‐template approach is adopted to achieve active‐site encapsulation by forming supramolecular assemblies; this bestowed the pristine inert counterparts with reactivity, which is further increased upon the construction of a porous framework. Experimental results indicated that the isolation of ligands by the surrounding template units is key to the formation of catalytically active monoligated palladium complexes. Additionally, the construction of porous frameworks using the resulting supramolecular assemblies prevented the decomposition of the Pd complexes into nanoparticles, which drastically increased the catalyst lifetime. These findings, along with the simplicity and generality of the synthesis scheme, suggest that the strategy can be leveraged to achieve unique reactivity and potentially enable fine‐chemical synthesis.
Anomalous Colloidal Motion under Strong Confinement
Authors: Abelenda‐Núñez Irene , Ortega Francisco , Rubio Ramón G. , Guzmán Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Diffusion of biological macromolecules in the cytoplasm is a paradigm of colloidal diffusion in an environment characterized by a strong restriction of the accessible volume. This makes of the understanding of the physical rules governing colloidal diffusion under conditions mimicking the reduction in accessible volume occurring in the cell cytoplasm, a problem of a paramount importance. This work aims to study how the thermal motion of spherical colloidal beads in the inner cavity of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is modified by strong confinement conditions, and the viscoelastic character of the medium. Using single particle tracking, it is found that both the confinement and the environmental viscoelasticity lead to the emergence of anomalous motion pathways for colloidal microbeads encapsulated in the aqueous inner cavity of GUVs. This anomalous diffusion is strongly dependent on the ratio between the volume of the colloidal particle and that of the GUV under consideration as well as on the viscosity of the particle's liquid environment. Therefore, the results evidence that the reduction of the free volume accessible to colloidal motion pushes the diffusion far from a standard Brownian pathway as a result of the change in the hydrodynamic boundary conditions driving the particle motion.
Temperature Dependent Hydrogen Bond Toward High Emission in an Emerging Indium‐Based Perovskite
Authors: Jin Zicong , Zhuang Bihao , Deng Jiahuan , Yuan Songyang , Xiong Hui , Zhang Yangyi , Fan Jiandong , Li Wenzhe
Published: April 2023

Low‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) with broadband emission attract immense scientific interest due to their potential application for the next generation of solid‐state lighting. However, due to low exciton utilization, organic cations generally adjust structure rather than contribute the band edge to affect optical properties. Based on this, OIHPs are usually allowed to obtain a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, a good charge transfer carrier (p‐phenylenediamine, PPDA) as organic cation is rationally employed and a novel indium‐based perovskite is synthesized. By coupling with H2O molecules, a strong interaction between organic and inorganic components is realized by hydrogen bonding, which has good transportability and greatly improves the exciton utilization. The regions of hydrogen bonding show high electron mobility, combined with the induced recombination center, improving the progress of charge relaxation. As a result, the regulation of hydrogen bond strength based on the microstructure optimization directly determines the optical emission intensity, realizing nearly 100% PLQY. Further, the polyhydrogen bond structure makes each component a stronger interaction, showing high stability in polar, organic, and acidic solvent, as well as long‐term storing, which represents one of the highest overall performances for lighting in OIHPs.
Replacing CC Unit with B←N Unit in Isoelectronic Conjugated Polymers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ru Chenglong , Wang Yue , Chen Peiyan , Zhang Yahui , Wu Xuan , Gong Chenliang , Zhao Hao , Wu Jincai , Pan Xiaobo
Published: April 2023

Three linear isoelectronic conjugated polymers PCC, PBC, and PBN are synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura polycondensation for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production from water. PBN presented an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 223.5 µmol h−1 (AQY420 = 23.3%) under visible light irradiation, which is 7 times that of PBC and 31 times that of PCC. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of PBN is due to the improved charge separation and transport of photo‐induced electrons/holes originating from the lower exciton binding energy (Eb), longer fluorescence lifetime, and stronger built‐in electric field, caused by the introduction of the polar B←N unit into the polymer backbone. Moreover, the extension of the visible light absorption region and the enhancement of surface catalytic ability further increase the activity of PBN. This work reveals the potential of B←N fused structures as building blocks as well as proposes a rational design strategy for achieving high photocatalytic performance.
Rapid Generation of Therapeutic Nanoparticles Using Cell‐Free Expression Systems
Authors: Peruzzi Justin A. , Vu Timothy Q. , Gunnels Taylor F. , Kamat Neha P.
Published: April 2023

The surface modification of membrane‐based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymersomes, and lipid nanoparticles, with targeting molecules, such as binding proteins, is an important step in the design of therapeutic materials. However, this modification can be costly and time‐consuming, requiring cellular hosts for protein expression and lengthy purification and conjugation steps to attach proteins to the surface of nanocarriers, which ultimately limits the development of effective protein‐conjugated nanocarriers. Here, the use of cell‐free protein synthesis systems to rapidly create protein‐conjugated membrane‐based nanocarriers is demonstrated. Using this approach, multiple types of functional binding proteins, including affibodies, computationally designed proteins, and scFvs, can be cell‐free expressed and conjugated to liposomes in one‐pot. The technique can be expanded further to other nanoparticles, including polymersomes and lipid nanoparticles, and is amenable to multiple conjugation strategies, including surface attachment to and integration into nanoparticle membranes. Leveraging these methods, rapid design of bispecific artificial antigen presenting cells and enhanced delivery of lipid nanoparticle cargo in vitro is demonstrated. It is envisioned that this workflow will enable the rapid generation of membrane‐based delivery systems and bolster our ability to create cell‐mimetic therapeutics.
Transverse Thermal Behavior of a Hot‐Rolled Strip During the Edge‐Induction‐Heating Process
Authors: Peng Wen , Zhang Li , Li Jialin , Wu Hao , Li Xudong , Gong Dianyao , Sun Jie , Zhang Dianhua
Published: April 2023

To obtain the transverse temperature distribution of running strips under C‐type edge induction heaters during the hot‐rolling process, a coupled electromagnetic–thermal finite‐element model is established using COMSOL, in which the electromagnetic and temperature distributions regularity with various process parameters are systematically obtained. It is shown in the results that the temperature increase is directly proportional to the frequency and current and inversely proportional to the thickness. Meanwhile, the edge temperature drop can be rapidly compensated for using an edge heater, but it also leads to the appearance of a “cat‐ear” high‐temperature zone at the edge; thus, the transverse temperature uniformity cannot be guaranteed. To improve the temperature uniformity of the running strip, a magnetic shield plate is designed to weaken the effect of the cat ear, and the effects of the size and installation position of the shielding plate on the temperature distribution are analyzed. The standard deviation and uniformity of the temperature are used to determine the uniformity of the transverse temperature, and the optimal parameter combination mode of the magnetic shielding amounts is obtained, which can provide a reference for optimizing the heating process at the edge of the strip under moving conditions.
Variations in Creep Performance of P92 Steel Within Its Composition Range: Influence of N Solubility
Authors: Detrois Martin , Antonov Stoichko , Hawk Jeffrey A. , Jablonski Paul D.
Published: April 2023

Underspecified composition ranges often lead to alloys with unpredictable mechanical performance. To better understand the changes in microstructure and mechanical performance associated with variations of key elements, three versions of P92 are formulated within, or close to, the specified allowable for N, B, and C ranges. Chromium and Si are also varied to influence N solubility. Different service conditions (i.e., temperature and stress) are explored. It is observed that >80% decrease in creep life occurs at 625 °C and 155 MPa for the highest B and N containing alloy. Multiscale characterization reveals key changes due to the trace element variation. The high B and N containing alloy forms deleterious BN precipitates with morphology that promotes crack nucleation and damage accumulation, but this alloy additionally forms higher fractions of beneficial MX precipitates. The alloy with the lowest B and N concentrations but greater C content shows the best creep performance—a consequence of the refined M23C6 carbide precipitate population and the absence of large‐scale inclusions or BN precipitates. Calculations of creep activation energy reveal that the high B and N containing alloy is more prone to damage accumulation which causes an early onset of accelerating creep and greater minimum creep rate.
Permeable and antifouling PSf‐Cys‐CuO ultrafiltration membrane for separation of biological macromolecules proteins
Authors: Sabri Nurul Shahira Mohd , Hasbullah Hasrinah , Jye Lau Woei , Sadikin Aziatul Niza , Ibrahim Norazana , Rahman Sunarti Abd , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko
Published: April 2023

Membrane technology has been extensively applied for protein separation. A membrane with reliable filtration performance and high removal efficiency is required. In this study, an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was fabricated by dry‐wet phase inversion to incorporate copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with a different ratio of L‐cysteine (Cys) in polysulfone (PSf). The characterization of the membrane involves using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, water content, pore size, and porosity analysis. The membrane performance evaluation includes flux permeation and bovine serum albumin (BSA) removal as a protein foulant. The membrane antifouling feature was examined by dynamic filtration of BSA. It was found that the Cys to CuO NPs ratio of 1.7:1 gives an optimal value on flux permeation and protein removal. The membrane exhibited high removal of BSA with 96.3%, and optimum water flux was achieved at 173.3 L/m2h, respectively. The highest permeability of aqueous BSA permeate at 500 ppm was about 111 L/m2h and 82.5 L/m2h for 1000 ppm. The enhancement of PSf‐Cys‐CuO membrane performance could be due to its lower contact angle (68.7°), high porosity (68%), and ideal pore size (46 nm) as well as showing good morphological structure. Most significantly, the inclusion of Cys improves antifouling capabilities. The membrane showed a lower chance of fouling based on the evaluation of the relative flux reduction and flux recovery ratio. Hence, the availability of Cys has a better impact on the polymer‐based membrane and seems promising for protein separation applications.
Similar geographic distributions of death rates from inflammatory bowel disease and Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon
Published: April 2023

Background

A previous comparative analysis of the time trends of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) suggested that the occurrence of all four diseases was precipitated by exposure to similar environmental risk factors during early lifetime. In the present cross‐sectional study, it was hypothesized that besides their resembling temporal variations the four diseases would also show similar geographic distributions.

Methods

Using the vital statistics of 21 countries from 1951 to 2020, overall and age‐specific death rates from the four diseases were calculated for each individual country. The death rates of different countries were compared using linear regression analysis.

Results

The data revealed strikingly similar geographic distributions of all four diseases. Their occurrence was common in Europe and relatively uncommon in countries outside Europe. Further stratification by consecutive age groups showed that for each disease analyzed separately, there were significant correlations amongst each two sequential age groups. In HL and UC, the inter‐age correlations started at age 5 years or less. In MS and CD, the inter‐age correlations only started at age 15 years.

Conclusions

The similarities in the geographic distributions of death rates from HL, MS, CD, and UC suggest that these four diseases share a set of one or more common environmental risk factors. The data also support the contention that the exposure to such shared risk factors starts during an early period of lifetime.