bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Advanced VIVOTM Joint Simulator: An In-Depth Analysis of Opportunities and Limitations Demonstrated by the Artificial Knee Joint
Authors: Henke Paul , Ruehrmund Leo , Bader Rainer , Kebbach Maeruan
Published: February 2024

In biomechanical research, advanced joint simulators such as VIVOTM offer the ability to test artificial joints under realistic kinematics and load conditions. Furthermore, it promises to simplify testing with advanced control approaches and the ability to include virtual ligaments. However, the overall functionality concerning specific test setup conditions, such as the joint lubrication or control algorithm, has not been investigated in-depth so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the basic functionality of the VIVOTM joint simulator with six degrees of freedom in order to highlight its capabilities and limitations when testing a total knee endoprostheses using a passive flexion–extension movement. For this, different test setup conditions were investigated, e.g., the control method, repeatability and kinematic reproducibility, waveform frequency, lubrication, and implant embedding. The features offered by the VIVOTM joint simulator are useful for testing joint endoprostheses under realistic loading scenarios. It was found that the results were highly influenced by the varying test setup conditions, although the same mechanical load case was analysed. This study highlights the difficulties encountered when using six degrees of freedom joint simulators, contributes to their understanding, and supports users of advanced joint simulators through functional and tribological analysis of joint endoprostheses.
Childhood Maltreatment and Immune Cell Gene Regulation during Adolescence: Transcriptomics Highlight Non-Classical Monocytes
Authors: Kuhlman Kate R. , Cole Steve W. , Tan Ece N. , Swanson James A. , Rao Uma
Published: February 2024

Childhood maltreatment has been repeatedly linked to a higher incidence of health conditions with an underlying proinflammatory component, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Childhood maltreatment has also been linked to elevated systemic inflammation prior to the onset of disease. However, childhood maltreatment is highly comorbid with other risk factors which have also been linked to inflammation, namely major depression. The present analysis addresses this issue by assessing the association of maltreatment with genome-wide transcriptional profiling of immune cells collected from four orthogonal groups of adolescents (aged 13–17): maltreated and not maltreated in childhood, with and without major depressive disorder. Maltreatment and psychiatric history were determined using semi-structured clinical interviews and cross-validated using self-report questionnaires. Dried whole blood spots were collected from each participant (n = 133) and assayed to determine the extent to which maltreatment in childhood was associated with a higher prevalence of transcriptional activity among differentially expressed genes, specific immune cell subtypes, and up- or down-regulation of genes involved in immune function after accounting for current major depression. Maltreatment was associated with increased interferon regulatory factor (IRF) transcriptional activity (p = 0.03), as well as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 1 (NRF1; p = 0.002) and MAF (p = 0.01) among up-regulated genes, and increased activity of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) among down-regulated genes (p = 0.01). Non-classical CD16+ monocytes were implicated in both the up- and down-regulated genes among maltreated adolescents. These data provide convergent evidence supporting the role of maltreatment in altering intracellular and molecular markers of immune function, as well as implicate monocyte/macrophage functions as mechanisms through which childhood maltreatment may shape lifelong immune development and function.
Tiny Lungs, Big Differences: Navigating the Varied COVID-19 Landscape in Neonates vs. Infants via Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound
Authors: Stoicescu Emil Robert , Iacob Roxana , Iacob Emil Radu , Ghenciu Laura Andreea , Oancea Cristian , Manolescu Diana Luminita
Published: February 2024

Due to their susceptibilities, neonates and infants face unique SARS-CoV-2 challenges. This retrospective study will compare the illness course, symptoms, biomarkers, and lung damage in neonates and infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 2020 to October 2023. This study was conducted at two hospitals in Timisoara, Romania, using real-time multiplex PCR to diagnose and lung ultrasonography (LUS) to assess lung involvement. Neonates had a more severe clinical presentation, an increased immune response, and greater lung involvement. Neonates had more PCR-positive tests (p = 0.0089) and longer hospital stays (p = 0.0002). In neonates, LDH, CRP, and ferritin levels were higher, indicating a stronger inflammatory response. Reduced oxygen saturation in neonates indicates respiratory dysfunction. The symptoms were varied. Infants had fever, cough, and rhinorrhea, while neonates had psychomotor agitation, acute dehydration syndrome, and candidiasis. This study emphasizes individualized care and close monitoring for neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Newborn lung ultrasonography showed different variances and severity levels, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance and therapy. Newborns have high lung ultrasound scores (LUSS), indicating significant lung involvement. Both groups had initial lung involvement, but understanding these modest differences is crucial to improving care for these vulnerable populations.
Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients with Late-Onset Pompe Disease—Results from a Long Follow-Up in a Group of 12 Patients and Review of Literature
Authors: Palladino Alberto , Passamano Luigia , Scutifero Marianna , Morra Salvatore , Picillo Esther , Papa Andrea Antonio , Nigro Gerardo , Politano Luisa
Published: February 2024

Background. Pompe disease is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by GAA gene mutations, which cause α-1,4-glucosidase enzyme deficiency. There are two forms of Pompe disease based on the age of onset, the infantile and the adult form (LOPD). Cardiac involvement, previously recognized only in infantile cases, is now also reported in adults. Cardiomyopathy remains an exceptional finding while heart rhythm disorders appear to be more frequent. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated cardiac involvement in 12 patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) followed for an overall period of 143 years (mean 12.7 ± 7.7) using ECG, Holter ECG, and echocardiography. Results. The mean age of patients (M8:F4) at the first visit was 40.7 ± 16.1 (range 14–63) and 53.7 ± 16.9 (range 21–76) at last visit. Conduction delay was present in three patients; one patient developed ascending aorta ectasia but had a history of hypertension, and one patient showed right heart enlargement on echocardiography, probably due to pulmonary hypertension. No patient died during the FU, nor developed cardiomyopathy. Ectopic supraventricular beats and repeated episodes of ablation-resistant atrial fibrillation were observed in only one patient (8.3%) who required PMK implantation. Conclusions. Benefitting from the long follow-up, this study allows us to state that primary myocardial involvement is rare in patients with LOPD, while rhythm disorders are more frequent and require monitoring to avoid the risk of possible life-threatening complications.
GDF15 Contributes to the Regulation of the Mechanosensitive Responses of PdL Fibroblasts through the Modulation of IL-37
Authors: Steinmetz Julia , Stemmler Albert , Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , Symmank Judit , Jacobs Collin
Published: February 2024

During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), areas of compressive and tensile forces are generated in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a mechanoreactive connective tissue between the teeth and alveolar bone. Mechanically stimulated PdL fibroblasts (PdLFs), the main cell type of PdL, express significantly increased levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In compressed PdL areas, GDF15 plays a fundamental role in modulating relevant OTM processes, including inflammation and osteoclast activation. However, the specific function of this factor in tensile areas has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GDF15 in the mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) that were exposed to biaxial tensile forces in vitro. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that GDF15 had no impact on the anti-inflammatory force response of elongated hPdLFs. Although the anti-inflammatory markers IL1RN and IL10, as well as the activation of immune cells remained unaffected, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of GDF15 for the IL-37 expression. By analyzing osteogenic markers, including ALPL and RUNX2, along with an assessment of alkaline phosphatase activation, we further showed that the regulation of IL-37 by GDF15 modulates the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPdLFs. Despite bone resorption in tensile areas being rather limited, GDF15 was also found to positively modulate osteoclast activation in those areas, potentially by adjusting the IL-37 levels. In light of our new findings, we hypothesize that GDF15 modulates force-induced processes in tissue and bone remodeling through its various intra- and extracellular signaling pathways as well as interaction partners. Potentially acting as a master regulator, the modulation of GDF15 levels may hold relevance for clinical implications.
An Integrated Charge Pump for Phase-Locked Loop Applications in Harsh Environments
Authors: Mestice Marco , Ciarpi Gabriele , Rossi Daniele , Saponara Sergio
Published: February 2024

Among all the functions that electronics currently perform, clock synthesis has a backbone role. Charge pump phase-locked loops (CP-PLL) are widely used to accomplish clock synthesis thanks to their versatility. One of the most critical parts of CP-PLLs is the charge pump, which greatly influences the system’s performance. Even though several high-performance charge pumps have been proposed in the past, with the quick spread of electronics in all the engineering fields, the design of such electronic devices has encountered several additional challenges dictated by external environmental conditions. Examples of these engineering sectors are space, aerospace, industrial, and automotive applications, where the charge pump has to face high environmental temperatures and radiation effects. As a consequence, its design and experimental characterization have to be performed to ensure reliability when operating in harsh conditions. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no works in the literature have ever presented a complete charge pump design and characterization in such harsh environments. Therefore, to fill this gap, this paper presents a charge pump for PLL applications specifically designed to reach operating temperatures up to 200 °C and total ionizing dose levels up to 100 Mrad. All design choices have been experimentally verified and are discussed throughout the paper in detail. With the proposed design, we obtained an output current variation of less than 8% at 200 °C and less than 2.5% at 100 Mrad. As opposed to the CPs that can be found in the literature, these results were measured on silicon. The performed measurements confirm that the current variation at 200 °C is better than that of the state-of-the-art CPs operating at lower temperatures, which, moreover, were only simulated.
Effect of Crude Polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava Hydrolysate on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Hanwoo Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production
Authors: Lee Jae-Hoon , Kim Tae-Kyung , Kang Min-Cheol , Park Min-Kyung , Park Sang-Hun , Choi Jung-Seok , Choi Yun-Sang
Published: February 2024

Ecklonia cava, a brown seaweed native to the East Asian coast, is known for its unique composition, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, and phlorotannins. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide widely used as a functional ingredient in foods. This study obtained crude polysaccharides (ECC_CPS) from E. cava celluclast enzymatic hydrolysate using ethanol precipitation. ECC_CPS increased cell viability during the proliferation of Hanwoo muscle satellite cells (HMSCs). The effect of ECC_CPS on the expression of proliferation-related markers was confirmed as MYF5 and MYOD expression significantly increased, whereas PAX7 expression was maintained. The evaluation of cell migration activity has a major impact on cell proliferation and differentiation, and the cell migration index significantly increased with ECC_CPS treatment (p < 0.01). This was related to the HGF/MET pathway and FAK pathway. Treatment with ECC_CPS promoted differentiation at the cell differentiation stage, thereby increasing the expression of differentiation markers, such as MYH2, MYH7, and MYOG (p < 0.001 or p < 0.01). Therefore, our findings imply that crude polysaccharide obtained from E. cava can be an additive ingredient that enhances the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells used in the manufacture of cultured meat products.
Comparative Study of Spheroids (3D) and Monolayer Cultures (2D) for the In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity Induced by the Mycotoxins Sterigmatocystin, Ochratoxin A and Patulin
Authors: Zingales Veronica , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Quagliata Martina , Cimetta Elisa , Ruiz María-José
Published: February 2024

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi associated with a variety of acute and chronic foodborne diseases. Current toxicology studies mainly rely on monolayer cell cultures and animal models, which are undeniably affected by several limitations. To bridge the gap between the current in vitro toxicology approach and the in vivo predictability of the data, we here investigated the cytotoxic effects induced by the mycotoxins sterigmatocystin (STE), ochratoxin A (OTA) and patulin (PAT) on different 2D and 3D cell cultures. We focused on human tumours (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-213 cells) and healthy cells (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, BM-MSC, and umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs). The cytotoxicity of STE, OTA, and PAT was determined after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure using an ATP assay in both culture models. Three-dimensional spheroids’ morphology was also analysed using the MATLAB-based open source software AnaSP 1.4 version. Our results highlight how each cell line and different culture models showed specific sensitivities, reinforcing the importance of using more complex models for toxicology studies and a multiple cell line approach for an improved and more comprehensive risk assessment.
The rs11568820 Variant in the Promoter Region of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is Associated with Clinical Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Latini Andrea , De Benedittis Giada , Conigliaro Paola , Bonini Chiara , Morgante Chiara , Iacovantuono Maria , D’Antonio Arianna , Bergamini Alberto , Novelli Giuseppe , Chimenti Maria Sole , Ciccacci Cinzia , Borgiani Paola
Published: February 2024

The vitamin D receptor (VDR), binding to the active form of the vitamin, promotes the transcription of numerous genes involved in the proliferation of immune cells, cytokine production and lymphocyte activation. It is known that vitamin D deficiency can influence the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or modulate its disease activity. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the rs11568820 (C > T) polymorphism in the promoter region of VDR gene and the response to therapy with anti-TNF drugs in patients with RA. A total of 178 consecutive Italian patients with RA treated with anti-TNF, naïve for biological therapy, were recruited. Disease activity data were evaluated using specific indices such as DAS28, CDAI and SDAI, measured at the start of therapy and subsequently at 22, 52, 104 and 240 weeks. A statistically significant association emerged between the rs11568820 variant allele of VDR gene and failure to remission assessed by CDAI and SDAI at 52 weeks, and by DAS28, CDAI and SDAI at 104 weeks of follow-up. Furthermore, the variant allele of this polymorphism was observed more frequently in patients who did not undergo sustained remission calculated by CDAI and SDAI. The variant T allele of rs11568820 in VDR gene is associated with a reduced remission rate with anti-TNFα drugs. These data suggest the role of VDR genetic variability in the response to therapy and in the achievement of remission.
Validation and Analysis of COIL, a Gene Associated with Multiple Lambing Traits in Sheep
Authors: Cao Hang , Wen Yilin , Ma Haiyu , Liu Wujun
Published: February 2024

In a past study, the team used specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF sequencing) to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to the differences in lambing numbers in Xinjiang sheep. This study verified the correlation between the COIL gene and lambing number characters in sheep and explored its possible mechanism of action. In this study, three SNPs in the COIL gene, namely COILSNP1 (rs7321466), COILSNP2 (rs7314134), and COILSNP3 (rs7321563), were explored in terms of their possible mechanism of action. A tissue expression profiling analysis revealed that the COIL gene was significantly more expressed in the uterus and ovaries than in other tissues (p < 0.05), whereas an association analysis revealed that the number of lambs born was significantly different among individuals with different genotypes of this COILSNP1 (p < 0.05). The Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) revealed that the overexpression of the COIL gene significantly increased the proliferation of mouse ovarian fibroblasts and sheep fibroblasts (p < 0.05). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) revealed that the overexpression of the COIL gene significantly increased the activity of sheep fibroblasts (p < 0.01) and mouse ovarian fibroblasts (p < 0.05). The overexpression of the COIL gene affected the biogenesis pathway of spliceosomal U snRNPs by validating protein network connections. This activity affects ovulation, embryonic development, and changes in lambing size in sheep.
Differing Effects of Body Size on Circulating Lipid Concentrations and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Women
Authors: Iizuka Katsumi , Kobae Kazuko , Yanagi Kotone , Yamada Yoshiko , Deguchi Kanako , Ushiroda Chihiro , Seino Yusuke , Suzuki Atsushi , Saitoh Eiichi , Naruse Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

The condition of being underweight is a social problem in Japan among women. However, there is a lack of evidence for dietary guidance for underweight women because there has been no comparison of lipids or HbA1c among underweight, normal weight, and overweight women in different age groups. We analyzed the effect of body size and age on the serum lipid and hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese women in a cross-sectional study. A total of 26,118 women aged >20–65 years underwent physical examinations between 2012 and 2022. Seventeen percent of women aged >20–29 years were underweight, and 8% of those aged 50–65 years were underweight. Total cholesterol and non-HDL-C concentrations increased with age, but the difference between underweight and overweight individuals was lowest among women aged 50–65 years. On the other hand, the differences in HDL-C, TG, and HbA1c levels between underweight and overweight subjects were greatest in the 50–65 age group, but the differences between underweight and normal weight subjects were much smaller. Considering that, unlike HDL-C, TG, and HbA1c, TC and non-HDL-C increase to levels comparable to overweight levels in underweight women in aged 50–65 years, educating people about a diet that lowers non-HDL-C is necessary even in young underweight women.
Femoral–Obturator–Sciatic (FOS) Nerve Block as an Anesthetic Triad for Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction: Is This the Magic Trick We Were Missing?
Authors: Bareka Metaxia , Ntalouka Maria P. , Angelis Fragkiskos , Mermiri Maria , Tsiaka Aikaterini , Hantes Michael , Arnaoutoglou Eleni
Published: February 2024

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring grafting is a common orthopedic procedure that is associated with moderate-to-severe pain. Peripheral nerve blockade as an anesthetic technique is an appealing option in the era of modern anesthesia. The aim of this narrative review is to document the efficacy and safety of the combination of femoral, obturator, and sciatic (FOS) nerve blocks as an exclusive method for anesthesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. An electronic search of the literature published up to October 2023 was conducted in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to find studies on ACL reconstruction and peripheral obturator nerve block. Overall, 8 prospective studies—with a total of 315 patients—published between 2007 and 2022 were included in this review. Ultrasound-guided peripheral FOS nerve blockade is an effective anesthetic technique for ACL reconstruction, offering good perioperative pain management, minimal opioid consumption, and an excellent safety profile. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to determine the best approach for obturator nerve blockade and the appropriate type and dosage of local anesthetic.
The Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Porth Rachel , Oelerich Karina , Sivanandy Mala S.
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women impacting their reproductive, mental, and metabolic health. Insulin resistance is a major driver of the pathophysiology of PCOS. There are several challenges with the management of this complex disorder including insufficient treatment options. Over the past 88 years, multiple hormonal and non-hormonal medications have been tried to treat the various components of this syndrome and there is no FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved medication specifically for PCOS yet. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have a unique mechanism of inhibiting the coupled reabsorption of sodium and glucose in renal proximal convoluted tubules. This review aims to examine the efficacy and side-effect profile of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with PCOS. In a limited number of studies, SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to be effective in improving menstrual frequency, reducing body weight and total fat mass, lowering total testosterone and DHEAS levels, and improving some glycemic indices in women with PCOS. SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. With future research, it is possible that SGLT-2 inhibitors could become a key therapeutic option for PCOS.
Antifungal Effect of Metabolites from Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat
Authors: Kgosiemang Julius Leumo , Ramakuwela Tshimangadzo , Figlan Sandiswa , Cochrane Nicolene
Published: February 2024

Fungal diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) are significant biotic stressors, negatively affecting wheat production and quality. This study explored the antifungal activity of the metabolites produced by the bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against FHB-causing Fusarium sp. Fusarium graminearum. To achieve this, the symbiotic bacteria of nine EPN isolates from the EPN collection at the Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains (ARC-SG) were isolated from the cadavers of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae after infection with EPNs. Broth cultures (crude) and their supernatants (filtered and autoclaved) of each bacterial isolate were used as bacterial metabolite treatments to test their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum. Mycelial growth inhibition rates varied among both bacterial isolates and treatments. Crude metabolite treatments proved to be more effective than filtered and autoclaved metabolite treatments, with an overall inhibition rate of 75.25% compared to 23.93% and 13.32%, respectively. From the crude metabolite treatments, the Xenorhabdus khoisanae SGI 197 bacterial isolate from Steinernema beitlechemi SGI 197 had the highest mean inhibition rate of 96.25%, followed by Photorhabdus luminescens SGI 170 bacteria isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora SGI 170 with a 95.79% mean inhibition rate. The filtered metabolite treatments of all bacterial isolates were tested for their inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum spore germination. Mean spore germination inhibition rates from Xenorhabdus spp. bacterial isolates were higher (83.91 to 96.29%) than those from Photorhabdus spp. (6.05 to 14.74%). The results obtained from this study suggest that EPN symbiotic bacterial metabolites have potential use as biological control agents of FHB. Although field efficacy against FHB was not studied, the significant inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination suggest that the application of these metabolites at the flowering stage may provide protection to plants against infection with or spread of F. graminearum. These metabolites have the potential to be employed as part of integrated pest management (IPM) to inhibit/delay conidia germination until the anthesis (flowering stage) of wheat seedlings has passed.
Influence of the Schottky Junction on the Propagation Characteristics of Shear Horizontal Waves in a Piezoelectric Semiconductor Semi-Infinite Medium
Authors: Guo Xiao , Wang Yilin , Xu Chunyu , Wei Zibo , Ding Chenxi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a theoretical model of the propagation of a shear horizontal wave in a piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium is established using the optimized spectral method. First, the basic equations of the piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium are derived with the consideration of biased electric fields. Then, considering the propagation of a shear horizontal wave in the piezoelectric semiconductor semi-infinite medium, two equivalent mathematical models are established. In the first mathematical model, the Schottky junction is theoretically treated as an electrically imperfect interface, and an interface characteristic length is utilized to describe the interface effect of the Schottky junction. To legitimately confirm the interface characteristic length, a second mathematical model is established, in which the Schottky junction is theoretically treated as an electrical gradient layer. Finally, the dispersion and attenuation curves of shear horizontal waves are numerically calculated using these two mathematical models to discuss the influence of the Schottky junction on the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of shear horizontal waves. Utilizing the equivalence of these two mathematical models and the above numerical results, the numerical value of the interface characteristic length is reliably legitimately confirmed; this value is independent of the thickness of the upper metal layer, the doping concentration of the lower n-type piezoelectric semiconductor substrate, and biasing electric fields. Only the biasing electric field parallel to the Schottky junction can provide an evident influence on the attenuation characteristics of shear horizontal waves and enhance the interface effect of the Schottky junction. Since the second mathematical model is also a validation of our previous mathematical model established through the state transfer equation method, some numerical results calculated using these two mathematical models are compared with those obtained using the previous method to verify the correctness and superiority of the research work presented in this paper. Since these two mathematical models can better calculate the dispersion and attenuation curves of high-frequency waves in micro- and nano-scale piezoelectric semiconductor materials, the establishment of mathematical models and the revelation of physical mechanisms are fundamental to the analysis and optimization of micro-scale resonators, energy harvesters, and amplifications.
Evaluation of Autof MS2600 and MBT Smart MALDI-TOF MS Systems for Routine Identification of Clinical Bacteria and Yeasts
Authors: De Carolis Elena , Ivagnes Vittorio , Magrì Carlotta , Falasca Benedetta , Spanu Teresa , Sanguinetti Maurizio
Published: February 2024

The identification of microorganisms at the species level has always constituted a diagnostic challenge for clinical microbiology laboratories. The aim of the present study has been the evaluation in a real-time assay of the performance of Autobio in comparison with the Bruker mass spectrometry system for the identification of bacteria and yeasts. A total of 535 bacteria and yeast were tested in parallel with the two systems by direct smear or fast formic acid extraction for bacteria and yeasts, respectively. Discordant results were verified by 16S, ITS rRNA or specific gene sequencing. Beyond giving comparable results for bacteria with respect to the MBT smart system, Autof MS2600 mass spectrometer provided excellent accuracy for the identification of yeast species of clinical interest.
Dual Glyoxalase-1 and β-Klotho Gene-Activated Scaffold Reduces Methylglyoxal and Reprograms Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Prospects in Improved Wound Healing
Authors: Pang Nadia , Laiva Ashang L. , Sulaiman Noof Z. , Das Priya , O’Brien Fergal J. , Keogh Michael B.
Published: February 2024

Tissue engineering approaches aim to provide biocompatible scaffold supports that allow healing to progress often in healthy tissue. In diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), hyperglycemia impedes ulcer regeneration, due to complications involving accumulations of cellular methylglyoxal (MG), a key component of oxidated stress and premature cellular aging which further limits repair. In this study, we aim to reduce MG using a collagen-chondroitin sulfate gene-activated scaffold (GAS) containing the glyoxalase-1 gene (GLO-1) to scavenge MG and anti-fibrotic β-klotho to restore stem cell activity in diabetic adipose-derived stem cells (dADSCs). dADSCs were cultured on dual GAS constructs for 21 days in high-glucose media in vitro. Our results show that dADSCs cultured on dual GAS significantly reduced MG accumulation (−84%; p < 0.05) compared to the gene-free controls. Similar reductions in profibrotic proteins α-smooth muscle actin (−65%) and fibronectin (−76%; p < 0.05) were identified in dual GAS groups. Similar findings were observed in the expression of pro-scarring structural proteins collagen I (−62%), collagen IV (−70%) and collagen VII (−86%). A non-significant decrease in the expression of basement membrane protein E-cadherin (−59%) was noted; however, the dual GAS showed a significant increase in the expression of laminin (+300%). We conclude that dual GAS-containing Glo-1 and β-klotho had a synergistic MG detoxification and anti-fibrotic role in dADSC’s. This may be beneficial to provide better wound healing in DFUs by controlling the diabetic environment and rejuvenating the diabetic stem cells towards improved wound healing.
Intradermal Inoculation of Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Induced Effective Immune Responses Comparable to Conventional Intramuscular Injection in Pigs
Authors: Lee Simin , Mattoo Sameer ul Salam , Jeong Chang-Gi , Kim Seung-Chai , Nazki Salik , Lee Gyehan , Park Yong-Soo , Park Sun Young , Yang Myeon-Sik , Kim Bumseok , Lee Sang-Myeong , Kim Won-Il
Published: February 2024

All pigs in the Republic of Korea are given the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine intramuscularly (IM) as part of the country’s vaccination policy. However, the IM administration of the FMDV vaccine to pig results in residual vaccine components in the muscle and undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues, causing economic losses in swine production. In this study, we evaluated whether intradermal (ID) vaccination could be proposed as an alternative to IM administration. ID vaccination (0.2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) and IM vaccination (2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) were performed twice, separated by 14 days, using a commercial FMD vaccine in specific-pathogen-free pigs. We observed growth performance, gross and microscopic lesions at the inoculation site, FMDV-specific antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies for 35 days after vaccination. Side effects on the skin grossly appeared following ID administration, but most were reduced within two weeks. All ID-vaccinated pigs showed inflammatory lesions limited to the dermis, but IM-vaccinated pigs had abnormal undesirable changes and pus in the muscle. ID-vaccinated pigs performed comparably to IM-vaccinated pigs in terms of growth, FMD virus-specific antibodies, protection capability against FMDV, and T-cell induction. This study demonstrated that the ID inoculation of the inactivated FMD vaccine induced immune responses comparable to an IM injection at 1/10 of the inoculation dose and that the inoculation lesion was limited to the dermis, effectively protecting against the formation of abnormal undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues.
A pozdorjaadalékos beton elemzése
Authors: Fekete L. Mátyás
Published: February 2024

Vajon egy hagyományos anyag visszavezetése segíthet-e csökkenteni az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátását az építőiparban? A jelen tanulmány e kérdés látszólag egyszerű válaszának a kutatását mutatja be. Tudva, hogy a felhasznált pelyvák, a kender mechanikai szilárdsága kicsi, de a hőszigetelő képessége nagy a cementhez képest, négy különböző receptet próbáltam ki, hogy megtaláljam az optimális arányt az összetett anyag összetevő elemei között a hajlító- és nyomószilárdságok meghatározása után. A tanulmányban elemzés tárgya a kenderbeton ára is, összehasonlítva az üreges téglák árával, hogy pénzügyi szempontból is meg lehessen vizsgálni az anyag életképességét, valamint összehasonlítom a kenderbeton és a téglák szén-dioxid-kibocsátását.
Évolution de l’occupation du sol des mares temporaires dans la suberaie de Maâmora et la province de Benslimane (Maroc) / Evolution of the land use of temporary ponds in the Maâmora cork oak forest and the Benslimane Province (Morocco)
Authors: Oulghazi Merieme , El Malki Meysara , Ghouldan Abderrahim , Naciri Mariam , Ichen Abdellah
Published: February 2024

La suberaie de Maâmora et la province de Benslimane sont caractérisées par une forte densité en mares temporaires favorisant la biodiversité à l’échelle nationale. Ces mares sont malheureusement soumises à d’importantes pressions liées aux activités humaines, pâturage, mises en culture et surtout aux changements climatiques causant d’importantes périodes de sécheresse. Ces pressions impactent largement leurs caractéristiques locales (hydrologie, chimie du sol…) ainsi que leurs composantes biotiques (flore et faune). Afin d’évaluer l’évolution de ces mares temporaires au fil des années (1989, 1999, 2009, 2019) et de mieux comprendre le rôle des facteurs naturels et anthropiques contrôlant l’occupation du sol, nous avons réalisé une étude diachronique portant sur des données satellitaires (images Landsat 4, 5 et 7-8) dans la suberaie de Maâmora et la province de Benslimane. Des cartes d’occupation du sol ont été produites par une classification supervisée à l’aide du logiciel ArcGIS. Quatre classes d’occupation du sol pour Maâmora et sept classes pour Benslimane ont ainsi été déterminées. Concernant la Maâmora, les mares temporaires, la forêt et les terrains nus (terrains dépourvus de toute intervention humaine) ont connu une nette régression avec des taux de 94 %, 54 % et 43 % respectivement. Pour Benslimane, les mares temporaires, la forêt et les habitations ont diminué, respectivement, de 89 %, 45 % et 22 %, alors que les terrains nus ont progressé de 30 %. En revanche, les terres agricoles dans la Maâmora et les barrages d’eau à Benslimane ont connu une progression très importante. L’étude confirme la régression des mares temporaires au fil de ces années.
A Holocene history of forest vegetation on the northern slopes of a Mediterranean mountain: the Mont Ventoux, Southeast France / Histoire holocène de la végétation forestière du versant nord d’une montagne méditerranéenne : le mont Ventoux (Vaucluse, France)
Authors: Gamba Emma , Aurelle Sébastien , Vergnaud Clémentine , Talon Brigitte
Published: February 2024

This study aims at reconstructing the late Holocene vegetation dynamics and the maximum altitudinal limit of forest trees on northern slopes of Mont Ventoux before the intense deforestation of the 12th century, in relation to natural environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances including fire history and sylvo-pastoral practices. Six soil pits were studied out along an altitudinal transect from 925m to 1,860m a. s. l. This transect crosses the beech-fir forests in the lower elevations to open woodlands containing the prostrate hooked pine (Pinus uncinata) near the summit. The study was performed within the framework of the ecological monitoring program ORCHAMP. Pedoanthracological data (identified charcoals and their 14C ages) were further explored by numerical analyses. Charcoal was found in all pits with concentrations significantly decreasing with altitude, as does the proportion of charcoal of deciduous trees over conifers. Some woody species were found at altitudes where they are absent today, notably fir (Abies alba) at high elevations, (up to 1,860m). In contrast to fir, the beech (Fagus sylvatica) charcoals were not found beyond 1,340m, although the species currently reaches elevations as high as 1,700m a. s. l. Radiocarbon dating results suggest that the soils on northern slopes of Mont Ventoux have not been significantly eroded since at least 4,000 years ago. The period covered by the six obtained AMS 14C dates extends from the Bronze Age (oldest 14C age : 3576-3729 cal BP / 1779-1626 BCE) to the Modern Era (youngest 14C age : 346-460 cal BP / 1490-1604 CE), all pre-dating the 1860’ s reforestation projects (RTM, Restoration of Mountain Land). This preliminary pedoanthracological study proved to be promising and complementary to other palaeoecological approaches but is still insufficient to provide a complete picture of the past vegetation history of Mont Ventoux.
L’expérience de l’éphémère dans les installations sonores
Authors: Poissant Louise
Published: February 2024

L’introduction du son dans les installations visuelles a donné lieu à une réinterprétation de l’espace et à l’apparition de toute une série d’oeuvres jouant sur des formes de temporalité qui renouvellent l’expérience esthétique. De l’installation à la création d’environnements ou de paysages sonores, des objets aux promenades sonores, on assiste à l’émergence de nouvelles formes d’art reposant sur le temporaire, le passager, l’éphémère. Et pourtant, une part d’elles est inscrite sur un support qui a permis de fixer le son en lui procurant des propriétés de stabilité et de reproductibilité. L’éphémère se décline alors selon diverses modalités et combinaisons de temporalités mixtes qui seront examinées à l’aide d’exemples.
Beslenmenin Neoliberal Ölçeği ve Biyopolitika: Bir İmkân Olarak Sağlıklı Yemek Yemek
Authors: Sarıgöl Pınar
Published: February 2024

Bu makalede, beslenme Michel Foucault’nun biyopolitika olarak kavramsallaştırdığı teorisi ile neoliberal yönetimselliğin araçsallaşan gündelik pratikleri ve değerleri ışığında sorunsallaştırılacaktır. Daha özelde ise, makale gündelik pratikler ve değerler kapsamında doğru ve ölçülü beslenmeyi yönetimsel bir araç olarak öne çıkartacaktır. Bunu yaparken sağlıklı, doğru ve ölçülü beslenme normlarının neoliberal aklın beden yönetimi ile nasıl herkes için yapılabilir bir normallik olduğunu işaret edecektir. Doğru beslenme kıstasları ile özne-bedenlerin birbirini nasıl yönettiği üzerinde de duracaktır.
Makale, neoliberal akılsallığın beden ve nüfus yönetimini ‘sağlıklı yemek’ ile öğrenilmesi gereken, disipline edici ve düzenleyici pratikler ile dışladığı veya normalin inşasıyla yanlışladığı ölçüsüz, sağlıksız beslenmeyi de değerlendirecektir.
La dimensione contemplativa della nostra spiritualità
Authors: Albanesi Nicola
Published: February 2024

This study argues that a missionary dedicated to evangelization and serving the poor is a man of contemplation. Some often believed that a certain industriousness could not be married to a contemplative vision of things and life. However, the active and contemplative life are not mutually exclusive. It is impossible today to think of structuring a missionary activity without including the contemplative dimension. And how do we articulate action and contemplation? In the short space of this reflection, I will try to bring out the fruitfulness of the indication of the GA 2022, which assigns primacy in the area of ​​spirituality to the rediscovery of the contemplative dimension in our lives. In the 1950s, Vincentian spirituality was defined as the "spirituality of action." This expression was intended to qualify the commitment of the Christian in the world. The formula, which went out of fashion until the 1970s, however, lent itself to be interpreted ambiguously, so much so that Dodin preferred to speak of "mysticism of religious action," Ibáñez: "mysticism in action," Toscani: "mysticism of the poor,” Maloney: “mysticism of charity.” Today more than ever we need an "incarnate faith" and an "inspired charity." We need a faith that necessarily translates into "actions to be done." Just as we need a charity that is born of God and returns to God and becomes the expression of a greater love, Christ. In missionary zeal, caring for the poor, and dedication to service, a greater good arrives: the saving love of God.
Factores Determínantes en la Elección de una Carrera Universitaria
Authors: García-Martínez Rafael , Poblano-Ojinaga Eduardo Rafael , García-Gámez Leonor
Published: February 2024

La calidad en las instituciones de educación superior es un tema que ha cobrado fuerza desde la década de los años 80 del siglo pasado. El objetivo consiste en construir y validar un modelo útil para el mejoramiento de la calidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior. El método de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (SEM-PLS), es aplicado a una muestra de 258 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso del Instituto Tecnológico de Hermosillo. Resultados, se establece que las variables: ámbito familiar o de amistad; ubicación; costos; infraestructura; y prestigio académico, influyen significativamente sobre la elección de carrera. Relevancia, proporcionar una herramienta que permita incrementar la demanda de ingreso y disminuir la tasa de deserción. Originalidad, relacionar, a través de un modelo lineal, los factores extrínsecos que influyen sobre la variable elección de carrera. Limitación, el análisis de la relación entre las variables elección y deserción, requiere del egreso de esta generación de alumnos encuestados.
Hommage à Marie-Agnès Cathiard
Authors: Krzywkowski Isabelle
Published: February 2024

Marie-Agnès Cathiard se signale par d’importantes contributions aux recherches sur l’imaginaire. Son engagement en faveur de l’interdisciplinarité a ouvert les portes de partenariats rares avec la communauté scientifique. En témoignent des projets comme « Mondes numériques et spectacle vivant » qui a conduit Marie-Agnès à travailler au croisement de la recherche scientifique et de la création artistique, explorant les aspects multisensoriels du travail de l’artiste électro-vidéaste Lionel Palun et de la metteure en scène Isis Fahmy. Sa collaboration avec Patrick Pajon, illustrée par un projet comme « Tech’sens », a rapproché des domaines de recherche apparemment éloignés, visant à construire une typologie de nouveaux modèles de perception liés aux outils numériques. Leur travail abordait les bouleversements en cours dans les domaines de la création et de l’imagination, appelant à une réévaluation de notre relation avec le monde et la technologie en évolution.
Cultisme et transhumanisme : autour de Ghost in the Shell
Authors: Carluccio Daniele
Published: February 2024

Le présent article pose la question de la conjonction du cultisme et du transhumanisme : comment se fait-il que bien des films abordant le thème du transhumanisme sont devenus des objets culte ? Pour y répondre, il faut d’abord circonscrire le phénomène du cultisme tel qu’il est apparu au xxe siècle dans les salles de cinéma, depuis ses origines avant-gardistes et contre-culturelles jusqu’à la vogue du cinéma d’animation japonais. Il faut aussi considérer les caractéristiques formelles de l’objet culte, notamment son aspect fragmentaire, en rediscutant la théorie d’Umberto Eco. Le propos peut ensuite se focaliser sur le film culte Ghost in the Shell, dont l’adaptation en prises de vue réelles date de 2017. L’accueil mitigé fait à cette adaptation, plus encore que le film lui-même, offre un terrain d’investigation idéal car il fait saillir certains traits du public cultiste, comme l’intellectualisme et l’exotisme. Enfin, une scène du film est retenue et commentée au moyen de la notion de moment de vérité développée par Roland Barthes, afin de penser la dimension adolescente et mélancolique de l’imaginaire culto-transhumaniste.
L’Arbre de la connaissance et ses racines chamaniques
Authors: Marquette Charlie
Published: February 2024

Dans cet article, il est question de montrer les liens originels entre les religions du Livre et les cultes à mystères de l’Antiquité, voire plus anciennement le chamanisme néolithique. Tous partagent en effet un topos commun, celui de la recherche de la connaissance du divin. Avant que l’Arbre de la connaissance du bien et du mal revête dans la Genèse biblique une signification particulièrement symbolique, l’initiation chamanique considérait tout autrement la botanique, notamment pour ses principes psychédéliques qui lui servaient de média pour « voir » le réel avec davantage d’intensité. Toutefois, l’arbre sacré possède un caractère spécifiquement numineux, dont la consommation est strictement interdite par Dieu dans la Bible et le Coran. Ce qui place de facto les religions monothéistes à une distance relative de ses racines préhistoriques. Les mythologies en question sont en fait construites comme un contre récit, prônant d’abord l’éthique sociale — dont l’histoire sainte est précisément le modèle, avant la quête gnostique — qui sous-tend l’édifice religieux.
A transversal and practical education as a business success factor: literature review of learning process of basic design through ICT tools
Authors: Turienzo Javier
Published: February 2024

The ongoing societal transformation propelled by innovation and digitalization is amplifying the demand for technological adeptness among current and upcoming professionals. Consequently, there's a pressing need to revamp the educational system and its methodologies to elevate the requisite skill set. Spatial reasoning, innovative thinking, and creativity stand as pivotal proficiencies essential for enabling future professionals to swiftly craft adaptable prototypes catering to client needs. However, conventional teaching approaches exhibit shortcomings in nurturing spatial reasoning, necessitating deeper exploration within the realm of education. This study delves into novel 3D design tools aimed at facilitating three-dimensional modelling within educational settings. The findings underscore the imperative use of digital tools in crafting 3D objects, fostering the development of spatial visualization skills. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of intertwining ICT knowledge, programming skills, and pertinent soft skills. Such an amalgamation equips future professionals with enhanced work capabilities, a comprehensive grasp of market needs, and refined product commercialization strategies.