bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por que os gestores postergam investimentos em tecnologia da informação?um estudo de caso
Authors: Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes , Albertin Alberto Luiz
Published: November 2011

A pesquisa de Moraes, Bobsin e Lana (2006), envolvendo os sete periódicos internacionais mais específicos e relevantes da área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI), durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2005, mostrou que existe um fato unânime para os pesquisadores: os investimentos realizados em TI apresentam um efeito positivo e significante no desempenho das empresas. Diante de resultados como este, e conhecendo os benefícios que a TI pode gerar para as organizações, apresentou-se a seguinte questão de pesquisa: por que os gestores postergam investimentos em TI? Foi esta a questão norteadora deste trabalho, acompanhada da análise das potenciais causas e consequências decorrentes da decisão de postergação. A questão foi respondida por meio da realização de um estudo de caso e os principais resultados indicaram que a existência de funcionários que contam com alto nível de confiança dos gestores, por serem membros da mesma família por exemplo, pode ser um dos fatores que levam à postergação de investimentos em TI. Essa postergação ocorreria em razão do não surgimento de conflitos gerenciais que aparentemente comprometessem o desempenho da empresa, não sendo percebida a necessidade de ferramentas adicionais para a gestão.
Gestão por competências nas pequenas empresas do APL de bonés da cidade de Apucarana (PR): seu entendimento e suas práticas em confronto com as perspectivas teóricas
Authors: Cassandre Marcio Pascoal , Endrici João Otávio Montanha , Vercesi Cristiane
Published: November 2011

RESUMO O construto competência vem ganhando espaço nas discussões acadêmicas devido à sua importância para a gestão de pessoas e, em conseqüência, para a performance das organizações, incluindo das chamadas pequenas empresas. O presente trabalho, caracterizado como exploratório e descritivo, tem como finalidade analisar o entendimento dos gerentes/administradores atuantes no arranjo produtivo local (APL) de bonés da cidade de Apucarana-PR em relação à gestão por competências. Neste intuito, além de uma revisão da literatura sobre o construto competência, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo no APL citado. Os resultados obtidos explicitaram o conhecimento das vantagens da gestão baseada em competências por parte dos gerentes/administradores envolvidos no estudo, porém evidenciou-se que, longe de ser compreendida como filosofia de negócios, a gestão por competências tem sido utilizada somente como ferramenta gerencial visando a resultados em curto prazo
Dynamics of fish assemblages on a continuous rocky reef and adjacent unconsolidated habitats at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical western Atlantic
Authors: Medeiros Paulo R. , Rosa Ricardo S. , Francini-Filho Ronaldo B.
Published: November 2011

In recent years, many studies investigated how density-dependent factors, such as shortages in microhabitat and food availability influence the structure of reef fish assemblages. Most of what is currently known, however, comes from comparisons of isolated patch reefs and from correlations between fish abundance and one or few microhabitat variables. In addition, most studies were done in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions, whereas the South Atlantic region has been, to date, understudied. The present study evaluated spatial and temporal variations in reef fish abundance and species richness in a continuous rocky reef and adjacent unconsolidated habitats in a Southwestern Atlantic reef, using underwater techniques to assess both fish numbers and microhabitat variables (depth, rugosity, number of crevices and percent cover of live benthic organisms, bare rock, sand, and limestone). Higher species richness was observed at consolidated substratum stations on both sampling periods (May and October), but fish abundance did not show a significant spatial variation. Topographical complexity and percent cover of algae (except coralline algae) were amongst the most important determinants of species richness, and correlations between fish size and refuge crevice size were observed. The non-random patterns of spatial variation in species richness, and to a lesser extent, fish abundance, were related to differences in substratum characteristics and the inherent characteristics of fishes (i.e. habitat preferences) and not to geographical barriers restraining fish movement. This study highlights the importance of concomitantly assessing several microhabitat variables to determine their relative influence in reef fish assemblages.
Diversity and stability of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs
Authors: Thibaut Loïc M. , Connolly Sean R. , Sweatman Hugh P. A.
Published: November 2011

Biodiversity may provide insurance against ecosystem collapse by stabilizing assemblages that perform particular ecological functions (the “portfolio effect”). However, the extent to which this occurs in nature and the importance of different mechanisms that generate portfolio effects remain controversial. On coral reefs, herbivory helps maintain coral dominated states, so volatility in levels of herbivory has important implications for reef ecosystems. Here, we used an extensive time series of abundances on 35 reefs of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia to quantify the strength of the portfolio effect for herbivorous fishes. Then, we disentangled the contributions of two mechanisms that underlie it (compensatory interactions and differential responses to environmental fluctuations [“response diversity”]) by fitting a community‐dynamic model that explicitly includes terms for both mechanisms. We found that portfolio effects operate strongly in herbivorous fishes, as shown by nearly independent fluctuations in abundances over time. Moreover, we found strong evidence for high response diversity, with nearly independent responses to environmental fluctuations. In contrast, we found little evidence that the portfolio effect in this system was enhanced by compensatory ecological interactions. Our results show that portfolio effects are driven principally by response diversity for herbivorous fishes on coral reefs. We conclude that portfolio effects can be very strong in nature and that, for coral reefs in particular, response diversity may help maintain herbivory above the threshold levels that trigger regime shifts.
The dynamic of the number of coliform bacteria in white cheese
Authors: Stojiljkovic J. , Kakurinov V.
Published: November 2011

The aim of this research is that the presence of coliform bacteria in cheese
is characterized undesirable, because it can cause a variety of defects on
quality of cheese. For this reason, it is very important for this bacteria to
be destroyed or to prevent their appearance in a number during processing and
during the cheese ripening in the brine. During the cheese making, in the
milk prepared for making cheese the number of coliform bacteria shows a small
decrease comparing with their number in the raw milk, which proves that the
number of microorganisms is less after pasteurization. During the cheese
ripening in the pickle the number of coliform bacteria has kept at 3.0 x 103
/g of cheese for the second repetition, but for the first and the third
repetition they disappeared which avoided the danger of early blowing or
appearance of any other defect.
Researches regarding the productive capacity of half-breeds f1 obtained in Romania from the crossing of Tsigai sheep with blackhead Teleorman breed rams
Authors: Pascal C. , Gîlca I. , Costică C.
Published: November 2011

The researches have had as the main object the studying of the productive
capacity of the sheep populations F1 obtained by crossing the local sheep
Tsigai with the Blackhead Teleorman rams brought from southern Romania. The
principal objectives of this research were the following: studying the
evolution dynamics of weight and the corporal development starting from birth
until the age used to mount, ability to secrete milk evaluation, assessment
of quantity and quality of wool. The researches have been made in a private
exploitation from the North-East part of Romania, and the conducted study
emphasize that if the birth body weight of the lots were analyzed at birth
there were close to the live weight at 28 days determined by the weight
differences that are favourable for the halfbreeds lots and are significant
for the statistical thresholds that are considered. At age of 16 months, when
females were used to mount the first time, the absolute difference between
the live weight of half-breeds and Tsigai breed was over 3 kg and was
significantly distinct statistically speaking from the limit of p< 0.01. The
production of milk control has been made during the first lactation following
that in the next period to continue this research. The first lactation had a
total duration of 225 days, and the total production of milk obtained from
half-breed females was higher by 13.68% compared to the performance achieved
by the sheep of the pure breed Tsigai, justifying this in terms of expanding
the type of matting. The researches have continued also with the evaluation
of wool production, and the obtained values show that are not significant
differences for the total amount of wool obtained from the first cut of.
Instead, when there were evaluated some characteristics of which the wool
quality depends (length, degree of flexuosity, fine, return to washing) was
found that at the Tsigai breed these had higher values, a consequence of the
genetic consolidation degree and of the good selection level for this race.
The effect of the age аt conceiving on the productivity traits at dairy ewes in Bulgaria
Authors: Raicheva E. , Ivanova T.
Published: November 2011

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the age at conceiving on
the productivity traits of sheep from Synthetic population Bulgarian milk in
Bulgaria. The experiment was conducted with 20 ewes traditionally conceived
at the age of 18 months and 20 ewes conceived as ewe lambs at the age of 11
months on first lactation and their lambs (47) reared in IAS - Kostinbrod,
Bulgaria. The 120 days milking milk production and that after 120 days until
the end of lactation were determined by the AC method of ICAR. The days after
the standard period until the end of lactation were registered. The milk
composition was measured by milk analyzer Ekomilk, Bultech Company, Bulgaria.
The live weighs were measured. The fecundity was determined. With the
exception of the fecundity and the standard 120 days milking milk production
the age at conceiving influences significantly the live weigh before
conceiving, birth live weight of lambs, the duration of the milking period
and the milking milk yield (P<0.01; P<0.001). The traditionally conceived
ewes had significantly higher live weight before conceiving (52.31 kg), of
newborn lambs (5.05 kg), the duration of milking period (187 days) and
milking milk yield (130 L) than the early conceived (40.53 kg; 4.16 kg; 120
days; 80.24 L) (P<0.01; P<0.001). For the fecundity and the standard 120 days
milking milk production no significant differences were found between the
groups (1.08% and 1.25%; 92.27 L and 80.24 L). Significant difference in the
milk composition of the ewes conceived at 18 month age compared to the
conceived at the age of 11 months (P<0.05; P<0.001) was found. The obtained
results provide useful information for the implementation of suitable
management decisions for early conceiving of the ewes from Synthetic
population Bulgarian milk for production of lambs and milk at the farm
practice.
Dry matter and protein yield of alfalfa, cocksfoot, meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass and their mixtures under the influence of various doses of nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Tomic Z. , Bijelic Z. , Zujovic M. , Simic A. , Kresovic M. , Mandic V. , Marinkov G.
Published: November 2011

Grass-leguminous mixtures and pure crops are important for ensuring of
sufficient quantities of high quality roughage, especially in conditions of
low land livestock production, in conditions of farm housing system as well
as in the system of free grazing of animals. Studies were carried out on pure
crops of three grass species and their mixtures with different component
ratios. Fertilization using different doses of nitrogen led to considerable
increase of yield of pure crops and their mixtures. The highest yields were
recorded in treatment with 100 kgN ha- 1, and the lowest yield in treatment
without fertilization. Fertilization led to decrease of share of alfalfa,
meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass in dry matter, and increased the content
of cocksfoot. The highest protein yield of pure crops was recorded for
perennial ryegrass - 495.5, and in mixtures, the highest protein yield was
recorded for four component mixture of alfalfa, cocksfoot, meadow fescue and
perennial ryegrass of 568.0 kg ha-1. Fertilization with N increased protein
yield considerably in pure crops as well as in their mixtures.
Frequency of pathogenic fungi on alfalfa seed of different age
Authors: Krnjaja V. , Levic J. , Ivanovic D. , Mandic V. , Tomic Z. , Bijelic Z. , Marinkov G.
Published: November 2011

The presence of pathogenic fungi species on seed of six alfalfa cultivars
(K-22, K-23, K-28, NS Banat, NS Mediana and Zajecarska 83) of different seed
age (24 months and 108 months) was analyzed in this study. In studied
cultivars, except in K-28, on older seeds, less fungi genera were identified
compared to younger seed. Seven fungi genera were identified: Alternaria,
Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium and
sterile mycelia present in percentage from 0 to 6.5%. Alternaria species were
identified on younger seed with 0.5% in cultivars K-28 and NS Mediana, 0.75%
in K-22, 1% in Zajecarska 83 and 1.25% in cultivar NS Banat. In cultivar
K-28, Alternaria species were identified in percentage of 0.25% on older
seed. Aspergillus species in percentage of 0.25% were identified only in
younger seed of cultivar NS Mediana. Cladosporium species were identified on
younger seed in the percentage of 0.25% (NS Mediana), 1% (K-23 and NS Banat)
and 6.5% (K-22), and on older seed in percentage of 0.5% (K-23, K-28 and NS
Banat). Genus Fusarium was identified in percentage of 0.25% on younger seed
of cultivar K-22. Genus Penicillium was identified in the range from 0.25%
(K-22) to 0.5% (K-28) on younger seed and from 0.25% (K-22) to 1.75% (NS
Banat) on older seed. Genus Rhizopus was identified in cultivar K-28, on
younger (0.5%) and older seed (0.25%), and in cultivar Zajecarska 83, only in
younger seed with 0.5%. Sterile mycelia was identified on younger seed of
cultivars K-22 (4.5%), NS Banat (1.75%), K-23 (1.0%) and Zajecarska 83
(0.5%), and on older seed of cultivars K- 23 and K-28 with 0.25% and K-22
with 0.5%. Genus Stemphylium was identified in percentage of 0.25% only on
younger seed of cultivars K-22, K-23, NS Banat and NS Mediana. Results of
these analysis indicated favourable health condition of seeds of different
age of analyzed alfalfa cultivars, especially in relation to economically
important fungi genera Fusarium and Stemphylium.
Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage
Authors: Krnjaja V. , Levic J. , Stankovic S. , Bijelic Z. , Mandic V. , Stojanovic Lj.
Published: November 2011

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity
(ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination
by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by
morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose
agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium
were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89%
(ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria,
Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and
Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the
genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was
the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence
of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704)
to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704),
respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher
in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the
medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.
How to increase production of beef, lamb and pork in Serbia for domestic market and export
Authors: Petrovic M.M. , Petrovic M.P. , Petrovic M. , Aleksic S. , Ostojic-Andric D. , Pantelic V. , Novakovic Z.
Published: November 2011

The present situation in livestock production and production of meat is
presented in this paper, as well as directions for future work aimed at
bringing changes to this branch of economy. In the last decade, a drop in
the number of animals was recorded of approx. 2 to 3% at annual level. Also,
drop in production of meat was recorded from 444.000 tons (1990) to 384.000
tons (2010). In order to have planned progress in production of meat it is
necessary to define more clearly breeding goals with precise determination
of all economically relevant and indicator traits. In addition to growth and
body development traits which have so far been in focus of selection work,
for production of meat also maternal traits are important, food conversion
and quantity and quality traits of carcasses and meat.
Characteristics of some Macedonian and introduced oats genotypes cultivated in organic and conventional production
Authors: Spasova D. , Spasov D. , Ilievski M. , Atanasova B.
Published: November 2011

In the period 2005-2007 trials with five oats populations
(Krivogastani,Trebenishta,Radolishta, Bugarija, Kuceviste) and three oats
varieties Rajac, Slavuj and Lovcen), were carried out. The trials were set up
in conditions of organic and conventional production. The main objective of
this investigation was to determine the differences in some morphological
characteristics of the tested genotypes, which directly or indirectly affect
the yield, and also, to determine the differences that came up as a result of
the different systems of production (conventional and organic production).
The average height of the oats plant cultivated in organic production (114,4
cm) was higher absolutely by 2,2 cm or relatively by 2.0% than the height of
the oats plantcultivated in conventional production. The system of production
showed no effect on the length of the panicle. The yield of oats grain by
panicle in organic production (3,30 g) was higher absolutely by 0,3 g or
relatively by 9.1% than the yield of oats grain by panicle in conventional
production (3,0 g). The system of production did not impact significantly on
the percentage of the glumes. The lowest percentage of glumes in both systems
of production gavevariety Rajac.
Biochemical and physiological changes in growing rabbits fed different sources of crude fiber
Authors: Petkova M. , Grigorova S. , Abadjieva D.
Published: November 2011

Crude fibers (CF) take a special place in the growing rabbit`s nutrition. In
depend on their origin and composition, CF have digestibility 17- 25% in the
roughages and up to 40-50% in the green and concentrate feeds. They are very
important in the regulation of the processes of both digestibility and
bacterial synthesis. The optimal CF quantity for growing rabbits is 12-15%.
Alfalfa hay is preferred source of CF for rabbits, but it is too expensive.
But, there are other sources of CF which are more suitable because of their
price are lower. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect
of different sources of CF in the mixed rations for rabbits on blood
biochemical changes, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) production in the ceacum and
some fermentative parameters. In this respect we have interest to study the
next sources of crude fibers: dry distillers` grain of wheat (DDGSw),
produced by Bulgarian firm as a source except for crude fiber - 13% and crude
protein (CP) also - 32%; meadow hay and as well as wheat straw as main and
chipper sources of CF in the growing rabbits diets. Three compound feeds were
prepared. All compound feeds contained 20% oats, 15% barley, 16.40%wheat
bran, 10% soybean meal, 5% sunflower meal. The main sources of CF for the
diets were: 30% Alfalfa hay (control group); 10% DDGSw + 20% meadow hay
(Experimental group I, EG I) and 15% DDGSw + 15% wheat straw (Experimental
group II, EG II). The obtained results showed that there were no any
incidences of digestive disorders in all investigated groups. Improvement of
cecal fermentation led to better NGR and FOM. We made conclusion that DDGSw
in combine with meadow hay or wheat straw could use as alternative sources of
CF for growing rabbits.
Production standards and the quality of milk and meat products from cattle and sheep raised in sustainable production systems
Authors: Jovanovic S. , Savic M. , Aleksic S. , Zivkovic D.
Published: November 2011

Basic principles that inform organic livestock production are reviewed in
this paper, with special emphasis on milk and meat production in cattle and
sheep. Research findings to date are presented on the impact of various
management practices, both organic and conventional, as they effect product
yield and quality. The importance of incorporating autochnochous breeds into
organic milk and meat production systems is particularly emphasized.
Additionally, a global overview of organic milk and meat production is given,
along with an assessment of opportunities for implementing organic production
systems in Serbia.
Undegradable protein: Important factor in balancing of diets for fattening lambs
Authors: Ruzic-Muslic D. , Petrovic M.P. , Bijelic Z.
Published: November 2011

Although sheep breeding in our country mainly had extensive character, there
is still room for implementation of the new concept of expression of
nutritional value of proteins, primarily in fattening of lambs. For the
purpose of maximum use of the genetic potential of high-yielding
meat/fattening sheep breeds, share of undegradable protein in diet must be
taken into consideration, since high protein requirements of such animals
cannot be satisfied by microbial protein synthesis from usual protein and
energy sources. Therefore, in contemporary, science based systems for
assessment of protein value of feeds, degradability of proteins from food in
rumen plays major role. In absence of data in domestic literature related to
undegradability of proteins in certain feeds, results obtained in this study
should be perceived as direction for future norming of diets in fattening of
lambs in the intensive rearing system.
Perennial forage grasses, from breeding to healthy ruminant feed
Authors: Sokolovic D. , Radovic J. , Tomic Z.
Published: November 2011

Temperate forage grasses are the main components of grasslands occupying 40.5
% of the world?s terrestrial area and 30-40% of European agricultural area.
They cover the land, providing a habitat and a source of food for domestic
livestock, thus ensuring a supply of livestock products, with contributes to
rural agricultural and economic development. Grasses are a natural food for
ruminants. Rich in fibre, they provide the bulk necessary for good rumen
function. Eaten at a sufficiently young stage, they are highly digestible and
contain lot of energy. At this stage they also have high mineral and protein
contents that cover a large part of animals? requirements. Grasslands usually
produce the majority of the forage ingested by ruminant animals during
grazing season. During winter housing grass hay and silage are often major
parts of the staple diets. There are many improved grass genotypes in Serbia
that share main characteristics: high yield and quality of dry matter within
a target group of environments and in particular agricultural context. Beyond
this common breeding goal there are vast of forage breeding programs as
varied as the species upon which they are based and the breeders who develop
and implement them. The intensification of forage production and utilization,
especially during the second half of the twentieth century, led to a drastic
reduction in the number of grass species in sown mixtures, as well as in
permanent grasslands. Only a small number of species mainly the ryegrasses,
timothy, cocksfoot and fescues are highly suited to intensive management.
Moreover, in Europe from 1980 onwards, many forage systems were deintensified
and wild or hardly selected species became more important in grasslands.
Therefore, it is evident that importance of perennial grasses as animal feed
will be increased in the future.
Effect of semen extenders on sperm motion of in vitro stored muscovy drake spermatozoa
Authors: Gerzilov V. , Rashev P. , Bochukov A. , Bonchev P.
Published: November 2011

A study for the influence of semen extenders IMV-buffer, HIA- 1 and AU on
sperm motion characteristics of Muscovy drake spermatozoa was carried out.
The semen from each male (n=6) was divided into three equal parts and diluted
in ratio 1:3 (semen:extender) with the IMV-buffer, HIA-1 and AU respectively,
and then was stored at temperature 0-4C? for 6 hours. Sperm motion parameters
- velocity of spermatozoa (rapid, medium, slow and statistic), VCL, VSL, VAP,
LIN, STR, WOB were measured using a Sperm Class Analizer (Micropticum,
Spain). Computer-assisted sperm motion analysis indicated that Muscovy
spermatozoa preserved a rapid and medium sperm velocity after 6 hours in
vitro storage in three examination extenders. The total VCL, VSL and VAP of
spermatozoa in the semen diluted with AU extender were 110.47?7.44 ?m/s,
29.42?2.02 ?m/s and 57.39?3.73 ?m/s, in the semen diluted with IMV-buffer
were 94.93?11.10 ?m/s, 27.57?2.45 ?m/s and 51.35?4.98 ?m/s, and in the semen
diluted with HIA-1 were 68.48?12.74 ?m/s, 20.08?4.18 ?m/s and 37.75?7.65
?m/s, as the differences were significant between AU and HIA-1 - (P<0.05).
About LIN, STR, WOB there were no significant differences for the influence
of the extenders.
Chemical composition, meat quality and oxidative status of pork after supplementation of diet with vitamin e and/or vitamin E + herb extracts
Authors: Bahelka I. , Nürnberg K. , Küchenmeister U. , Lahucký R.
Published: November 2011

The effect of supplementation of vitamin E and herb extracts on chemical
composition, quality traits and oxidative status of pork was evaluated. Total
eighty hybrid pigs - crosses of Landrace sows and Hampshire x Pietrain boars
were involved into the experiment. Pigs were divided to one control and three
experimental groups (each of 20 animals with equal number of gilts and
castrates). All pigs were heterozygotes on RYR1 gene. Experimental groups
received diet with supplement of vitamin E (500 mg/kg feed) for 30 days
before slaughter or supplement of this vitamin in combination with lemon balm
extract (100 ml/pig/day) and/or oregano extract (60 ml/pig/day) for 10 days
before slaughter. Supplementation of vitamin E singly or in combination with
herb extracts had no effect on chemical composition of pork. Vitamin E
significantly (P<0.05) increased the concentration of ?-tocopherol in
longissimus dorsi muscle. Electrical conductivity in muscle 24 h post mortem
was significantly lower in all experimental groups in comparison to control
group (4.96 - 5.06 vs. 6.12 ?S). Significant positive effect of herb extracts
on meat colour (parameter ?a?) in stored pork was found (3.22 and 3.41 vs.
2.54). Lipid oxidation measured as TBARS value was decreased significantly in
groups with vitamin E and/or vitamin E + lemon balm extract after 5-days
storage of pork (0.193 and 0.190 vs. 0.267 mg/kg).
Research on reproductive performance of mares in Serbia using bacteriological examination
Authors: Urosevic M.I. , Stojanovic D. , Lako B. , Jajic I. , Milicic Z. , Pusic I. , Prodanov-Radulovic J.
Published: November 2011

The research was conducted on 19 stud farms in Serbia, on 80 mares used for
breeding, with and without reproductive disorders. During the two years
period (from 2009 to 2010) double guarded uterine swabs from 80 mares, aged
between 3 and 22 years were collected. Mares belonged to the different
breeds: Thoroughbred, Standardbred, Lipizzaner and mixed breeds. It was
determined, that bacterial infection of genital organs was found in 24 mares
in the examined population, and the bacterial species Streptococcus
zooepidemicus was diagnosed in the 11 samples from cervical swabs. In the 5
samples, Escherichia coli was isolated, while Staphylococcus epidermidis and
Pasteurella multocida were present in the 2 samples each, while the other
causes and simultaneous isolation of two bacterial species are much less
present. These species are: Bacillus spp. plus Escherichia coli;
Streptococcus zooepidemicus plus Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
plus Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In one swab we determinated Arcanobacter
pyogenes. In this examination, according to available data after natural
mating, we found conception level of 43,10%, which is similar with previous
reports in our country.
Effects of forages and total mixed rations particle size on physical effectiveness and chewing activity of lactating cows
Authors: Stojanovic B. , Grubic G. , Djordjevic N. , Bozickovic A. , Ivetic A.
Published: November 2011

In study are determined effects of four different mean lengths of corn
silage, alfalfa haylage and total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating cows on
physical effectiveness (pef), physically effective fiber content (peNDF) and
total chewing activity. High correlations were found between mean particle
length of forages and TMR and their physical effectiveness in lactating cows
nutrition as also with physically effective fiber content. Significant effect
of ration particle size on stimulating total chewing activity of lactating
cows was determined.
Anthropo(bio)centrism and relations with the environment
Authors: Djuric Jelena
Published: November 2011

The text deals with some problems that facing research of the environment.
Beside conceptual issues adherent to Serbian language, solving of real
environmental problems in general, should resolve the dichotomy
anthropocentrism vs. biocentrism which stems from the conflicting human
nature and appears just unsustainable in ecology. Among other topics, the
meaning of the argument of ?ecology as a new great narrative? which enables
continued progress and mutual legitimization of science and democracy is
being examined from the point of view of their universal relevance. It also
deals with effectiveness of theories that implicate the irrelevance of human
kind for its own liberation from anthropocentric worldview which narrows the
prospects of survival.
Das Recht der Negativität und „ein glücklicher Ausgang“: Die erscheinende Dialektik der souveränen Staten in der Rechtsphilosophie Hegels
Authors: Jovanov Rastko
Published: November 2011

In dieser Arbeit will ich im Rahmen der ?erstaunlichen? Aktualit?t
der politischen Philosophie Hegels der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte, den Status
der zwischenstaatlichen Verh?ltnisse (?Das ?u?ere Staatsrecht?) in seiner
?Rechtsphilosophie? einer Analyse unterziehen. Ihre ?unwirtliche Stelle?
innerhalb seines philosophischen Systems kann uns nicht nur die Hegelsche
Auffassung von dem Ph?nomen des Politischen erkennen lassen, sondern verweist
uns auch auf die Stetigkeit der Entzweiung zwischen dem globalen Feld des
politischen Ereignis als empirisch konstitutiv und ihrer ?universellen?
?berwindung. Die Sph?re des Politischen wurde damit f?r das gegenw?rtige
philosophische Denken als mit einer ?Rest der Negativit?t? bestimmend gezeigt
und das Verh?ltnis zwischen der Philosophie und dem Staat wurde fruchtbar f?r
eine zuk?nftige Betrachtung ge?ffnet.
A computational investigation of carbon-doped beryllium monoxide nanotubes
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Zahedi Ehsan , Rozbahani Goodarz
Published: November 2011

To investigate the influence of C-doping on the electrostatic structure properties in the frame work of density functional theory (DFT), we considered beryllium monoxide nanotubes (BeONTs), consisting of 60 Be and 60 O atoms. Full geometry optimizations are performed for all structures, i.e., all atoms are allowed to relax. Afterwards, the chemical shielding (CS) tensors are calculated for Be-9, O-17 and C-13 nuclei in the C-doped forms and also pristine models of the (10, 0) zigzag and (5, 5) armchair BeONTs. Formation energies indicate that C-doping of Be atom (CBe form) could be more favorable than C-doping of O atom (CO form) in both zigzag and armchair BeONTs. Gap energies and dipole moments detected the effects of dopant in the (5, 5) armchair models; however, those parameters did not indicate any significant changes in the C-doped (10, 0) zigzag BeONT models. The results show that the CS values for the Be and O atoms-contributed to the Be-C bonds or those atoms close to the C-doped region-in the CO form of BeONTs (zigzag and armchair) are changed. The same values only for the O atoms-contributed to the O-C bonds- in the CBe form of BeONTs (zigzag and armchair) are changed.
A convenient method for the preparation of cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives
Authors: Kupai Katalin , Banoczi Gergely , Hornyanszky Gabor , Kolonits Pal , Novak Lajos
Published: November 2011

Cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives 7 were prepared by subsequent aza-Claisen rearrangement and intramolecular ring-closure of (cycloheptenylmethyl)benzenamine (3). The mechanisms of the reactions are also discussed.
Syntheses and characterisation of chloro(h3-allyl) dicarbonylmolybdenum(II) complexes of chiral and achiral ditertiaryphosphines
Authors: Jesu Raj Joe , Pathak Devendra , Kapoor Pramesh
Published: November 2011

A series of the complexes of the general formula [ClMo(CO)2(η
3-C3H5)(P-P)], [where (P-P) = (m-CH3C6H4)2P(CH2)2PPh2 (m-t-dppe); cis-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2 (cis-diphos); Ph2PCH2CH2AsPh2 (arsaphos); Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2 (dppb); (±)-1,2-C6H4(PMePh)2 (rac-diphos); (2R,3R)Ph2PC*H(Me)C*H(Me)PPh2 (+)-chiraphos; (R,R)-Me2C(O)2{C*HCH2PPh2}2 (-)-diop] were synthesised by the reaction of the precursor complex [ClMo(CO)2(η
3-C3H5)(CH3CN)2] with the corresponding ditertiary phosphine in acetone. The complexes were isolated as yellow to orange air-stable solids and characterised by elemental analyses, FTIR and multinuclear NMR [1H, 31P{1H}] spectroscopic techniques. The carbonyl force constant values were calculated by Cotton and Kraihanzel approximate secular equations using ν
C≡O stretching frequencies observed in the FTIR and these were found to be 14.30–14.59 mdyne 0-A−1 and 0.23–0.70 mdyne Å−1 for K1 and Ki respectively. Spectroscopic evidences have confirmed cis-octahedral structures for the synthesized complexes.
Synthesis of aluminosilicates under high pressure and using sulfur as directing agent
Authors: Loera Sandra , Lima Enrique , Pfeiffer Heriberto , Lara Victor
Published: November 2011

Two aluminosilicates were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Silica, sodium aluminate, sodium sulfide and sulfur were used as raw materials. Starting with similar reacting mixtures, analcime (zeolite, Na(Si2Al)O6·H2O) and beidellite (clay, Na0.3Al2(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2·2H2O) were synthesized by varying pressures, 2 kbar and 1 kbar, respectively. Sulfur was present in both aluminosilicate surfaces, which confer to them particular adsorption properties. Additionally, water adsorption isotherms, under dynamical conditions, were obtained. Fractal dimension values and SEM micrographs reveal very different textural and morphological properties of the two prepared aluminosilicates
1,4-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-benzene (bis-flavonol): synthesis, spectral properties and principle possibility of the excited state double proton transfer reaction
Authors: Svechkarev Denis , Doroshenko Andrey , Kolodezny Dmitry
Published: November 2011

Synthesis and systematic investigation of the spectral-luminescent properties of “bis-flavonol” {1,4-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-benzene} were performed. Hypothetical possibility for the double excited-state proton transfer reaction in bis-flavonol is discussed based on both quantum-chemical modeling and experimental data. Consecutive S1*-state transfer of the two protons of the title molecule is shown to be energetically unfavorable, however, still preserving a possibility for the concerted double proton transfer in the excited dienol form.
In vitro bioactivity of 70 wt.% SiO2 — 30 wt.% CaO sol-gel glass, doped with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% NbF5
Authors: Radev Lachezar , Hristova Katia , Jordanov Valery , Fernandes Maria , Salvado Isabel
Published: November 2011

The 70SiO2-30CaO (wt.%) sol-gel glasses doped with 1, 3 and 5 NbF5 (wt.%) were prepared via polystep sol-gel route. The synthesized glasses were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. Changes in 1.5 SBF solutions were measured by ICP-AES. XRD of the glasses stabilized at 700°C for 6 hours proved the presence of niocalite. FTIR was consistent with XRD data. The in vitro bioactivity study of all glasses prepared were carried out by soaking in 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) at 37°C for 6 and 12 days in static conditions. The FTIR reveals the formation of A-type and B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO3HA) layer. Changes in 1.5 SBF solutions, after 6 days of soaking, show that the Ca concentration increased significantly, compared to the initial Ca content in the 1.5 SBF solution before in vitro test. After 12 days of immersion, the Ca concentration decreased, i.e., the formation of HA phase consumed Ca from 1.5 SBF solution. For all soaking times, the concentration of P is much lower than that the used 1.5 SBF. Based on these results we suggest that Ca and P play an active role in the future of the glasses. SEM depicts that the different morphology of hydroxyapatite can be formed as a function of soaking time.
Theoretical study of the conformational energy hypersurface of cyclotrisarcosyl
Authors: Alvarez Maria , Saavedra Edgardo , Olivella Mónica , Suvire Fernando , Zamora Miguel , Enriz Ricardo
Published: November 2011

The multidimensional Conformational Potential Energy Hypersurface (PEHS) of cyclotrisarcosyl was comprehensively investigated at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)), levels of theory. The equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and the Transition State (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed. Aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) single point calculations predict a symmetric cis-cis-cis crown conformation as the energetically preferred form for this compound, which is in agreement with the experimental data. The conformational interconversion between the global minimum and the twist form requires 20.88 kcal mol-1 at the MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Our results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the PEHSs of this cyclic tripeptide, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion processes in this hypersurface. In addition, a comparative analysis between the conformational behaviors of cyclotrisarcosyl with that previously reported for cyclotriglycine was carried out
Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Kaffiøyra Region (NW Spitsbergen) from 1975 to 2010
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Kejna Marek , Araźny Andrzej
Published: November 2011

Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Kaffiøyra Region (NW Spitsbergen) from 1975 to 2010

Air temperature and precipitation conditions in the Kaffiøyra region in the summer season (21st July-31st August) for the period of 1975-2010 are described: 1) on the basis of data gathered in 18 expeditions during which meteorological measurements were done, and 2) on the basis of complete series of data combining both original and reconstructed data. The latter ones were obtained using data from Ny Ålesund meteorological station, which are strongly correlated with the data from Kaffiøyra. Seasonal statistics presented for air temperature and precipitation based on these two sets of data reveal only slight changes. Temperature parameters (daily mean, maximum and minimum) for summer in Kaffiøyra in the study period (1975-2010) show upward trends, which are, however, statistically significant only for the daily mean. On the other hand, precipitation totals in the study period reveal a downward trend, but not statistically significant. Such thermal-precipitation behaviour in the study part of Spitsbergen in general terms is similar to those in other parts of Spitsbergen.
Post-Soviet Belarus: The Transformation of National Identity
Authors: Titarenko Larissa
Published: November 2011

The paper deals with the formation of a new national identity in Belarus under conditions of post-Soviet transformation. Under the term of “national identity” the author means the identity of the population of the Republic of Belarus that will be adequate to its status of a newly independent state acquired after 1991. Special attention is paid to the existing major research approaches to the problem of constructing this national identity. According to the author’s view, both major approaches are inadequate; the author puts forward a new (third) approach that goes beyond discussions on language and national culture, and corresponds to the concept of plurality of identities. The author describes some paradoxes of national identity based on the opposition of “nation” and “people”. These correspond to the Western model of the “creation of modern nations”, which is not fully applicable to post-Soviet Belarus. All attempts to apply this model to contemporary Belarus lead scholars to several “cultural paradoxes” that can, however, be explained within a new approach.
Metacognition and Multiple Strategies in a Cognitive Model of Online Control
Authors: Reitter David
Published: November 2011

Metacognition and Multiple Strategies in a Cognitive Model of Online Control

We present a cognitive model performing the Dynamic Stocks&Flows control task, in which subjects control a system by counteracting a systematically changing external variable. The model uses a metacognitive layer that chooses a task strategy drawn from of two classes of strategies: precise calculation and imprecise estimation. The model, formulated within the ACT-R theory, monitors the success of each strategy continuously using instance-based learning and blended retrieval from declarative memory. The model underspecifies other portions of the task strategies, whose timing was determined as unbiased estimate from empirical data. The model's predictions were evaluated on data collected from novel experimental conditions, which did not inform the model's development and included discontinuous and noisy environmental change functions and a control delay. The model as well as the data show sudden changes in subject error and general learning of control; the model also correctly predicted oscillations of plausible magnitude. With its predictions, the model ranked first among the entries to the 2009 Dynamic Stocks&Flows modeling challenge.
Keep it simple - A case study of model development in the context of the Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) task
Authors: Halbrügge Marc
Published: November 2011

Keep it simple - A case study of model development in the context of the Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) task

This paper describes the creation of a cognitive model submitted to the ‘Dynamic Stocks and Flows’ (DSF) modeling challenge. This challenge aims at comparing computational cognitive models for human behavior during an open ended control task. Participants in the modeling competition were provided with a simulation environment and training data for benchmarking their models while the actual specification of the competition task was withheld. To meet this challenge, the cognitive model described here was designed and optimized for generalizability. Only two simple assumptions about human problem solving were used to explain the empirical findings of the training data. In-depth analysis of the data set prior to the development of the model led to the dismissal of correlations or other parametric statistics as goodness-of-fit indicators. A new statistical measurement based on rank orders and sequence matching techniques is being proposed instead. This measurement, when being applied to the human sample, also identifies clusters of subjects that use different strategies for the task. The acceptability of the fits achieved by the model is verified using permutation tests.
Validating Computational Cognitive Process Models across Multiple Timescales
Authors: Myers Christopher , Gluck Kevin , Gunzelmann Glenn , Krusmark Michael
Published: November 2011

Validating Computational Cognitive Process Models across Multiple Timescales

Model comparison is vital to evaluating progress in the fields of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and cognitive architecture. As they mature, AGI and cognitive architectures will become increasingly capable of providing a single model that completes a multitude of tasks, some of which the model was not specifically engineered to perform. These models will be expected to operate for extended periods of time and serve functional roles in real-world contexts. Questions arise regarding how to evaluate such models appropriately, including issues pertaining to model comparison and validation. In this paper, we specifically address model validation across multiple levels of abstraction, using an existing computational process model of unmanned aerial vehicle basic maneuvering to illustrate the relationship between validity and timescales of analysis.
"Alternative Selves" and Authority in the Fiction of Jane Urquhart
Authors: Filipczak Dorota
Published: November 2011

The article engages with "alternative selves," a concept found in The Stone Carvers by a Canadian writer, Jane Urquhart. Her fiction is first seen in the context of selected texts by Lucy Maud Montgomery, Margaret Laurence and Alice Munro, who explore the clash between female characters' conventional roles and their "secret" selves. My analysis was inspired by Pamela Sue Anderson's A Feminist Philosophy of Religion, which stresses the need for "reinventing ourselves as other" in the face of biased beliefs and dominant epistemology. In particular, my article refers to Anderson's concern with Kant's imaginary from The Critique of Pure Reason, where "the territory of pure understanding" is projected on the island, while desire, chaos and death are identified with the sea. Seen through the prism of a feminist reading of the philosophical imaginary, the sea becomes the female beyond. Urquhart's three novels: Away, The Stone Carvers and A Map of Glass dissolve the opposition between Kantian island and water, by showing how reason is invaded by desire and death, and how the female protagonist embodies the elements that have been repressed. Urquhart's fiction, which is "landscape driven," provides the image of a dynamic relationship between the qualities that form a static binary opposition in Kantian discourse. Mary in Away, Klara in The Stone Carvers and Sylvia in A Map of Glass all subvert the dominant epistemology by following their desire, which becomes "a positive energy" and not "a deviation from a good rational norm," to refer to another concept by Anderson. Urquhart's Mary, Klara and Sylvia have to contend with power vested in collective beliefs and stereotypical construction of femininity. By venturing into the liminal zone beyond the territory of "pure understanding," the three protagonists regain their voices and discover their authority. The article ends with the analysis of a Homeric intertext in A Map of Glass, where Sylvia identifies with Odysseus "lashed to mast" so that he would not respond to the call of the siren song. Reading Homer's passage on the siren song, one realizes that the use of the Kantian imaginary turns Ithaca into the island of truth, and the sea into the stormy beyond, identified with desire, death and femaleness. While the Odyssey suppresses the dangerous message of the siren song, Urquhart's fiction rewrites it and reclaims it as positive inspiration for the female protagonist.