bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Effects of Corona Virus (COVID-19) on International Financial Derivatives Market, 2020
Authors: Afrina Taskin , Beg Tahrima Haque , Zayed Nurul Mohammad , Hossain Md Shakib , Shahi Shahiduzzaman Khan
Published: September 2020

This research article develops a rational framework to comprehend the spatiotemporal structures of epidemic illness (COVID-19) incident, its applicability, and its significances to financial markets action. The article proposes a paradigm shift which is a new multidimensional geometric approach that has to apprehend all proportional and asymmetrical strategic illustrated tendencies. The epidemic impact on economic activity differs in terms of magnitude and intensity: an economy experiences a supply and demand shocks in the short-run with instant effects in output and employment. This has generated unparalleled amounts of vulnerability, which is a relatively limited amount of time that has incurred substantial risks to investors. This paper seeks to chart the general dynamics of global derivatives markets with country-specific threats and structural threats. The COVID-19 catastrophe has accelerated crucial disturbances for exchange rates and international capital cycles. Cross-border portfolio investment halted in many developing markets as well as in some progressive economies in 2020. All show that in this pandemic situation coronavirus affects financial markets and extreme volatility in the financial market. Nations have not had to utilize capital supervision. To assistance foreign currency liquidity, numerous developing markets have negotiated in the foreign exchange market and slowed down regulations on capital influxes. The globalization of financial markets is directed to the gigantic expansion of magnitude and diversification of financial trades. Finally, all sections show and describe in detail this topic and give some recommendations to overcome this situation.
Aortic dissection in Siriraj patients: Computed tomography findings
Authors: Prabhasavat Krisdee , Sorotpinya Sukrit , Wasinrat Jitladda , Chairoongruang Somchai
Published: September 2020

Background: CTA has replaced angiography in both diagnosis and evaluation of aortic dissection. Most findings are associated with true and false lumens which account for the most important information in both diagnosis and management.

Objective: To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings including types based on Stanford classification, true and false lumens, acute and chronic aortic dissections, relation to origins of aortic branches, complications and other related findings.

Methods: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans of one hundred and twenty patients with aortic dissection during 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The findings indicating types, true and false lumens, acute and chronic, origination of aortic branches, complication and other related findings are categorized.

Result: Most true lumens were smaller, having outer wall calcification. Most false lumens were larger, showing beak sign, cobweb sign, and intraluminal thrombi. However, the larger lumens could be true lumens as well as the smaller lumen could be a false lumen and outer wall calcification could be seen in a false lumen. The larger true lumens and the smaller false lumens with outer wall calcifications were more often found in chronic aortic dissection than acute aortic dissection. Both acute and chronic aortic dissections were more Stanford type B than type A. Complications included rupture, hemopericardium, hemothorax, hemomediastinum and distal organ infarction, which were more frequent in acute dissection. Intrathoracic complications were more commonly caused by type A acute dissection. Renal infarction was the most common complication in type B acute aortic dissection.

Conclusion: Most CT fi ndings of aortic dissection in this study were typical. Atypical fi ndings were also found in both acute and chronic aortic dissections. Outer wall calcifi cations of false lumens in acute aortic dissection were found in 2 cases.
Group activities and game-based learning to keep students connected to their academic communities
Authors: Fadda H.M.
Published: September 2020

Challenges experienced by students with online teaching include maintaining connectivity to the academic community. To overcome students feeling ‘silo-ed’ and to maintain their motivation, the faculty at Butler University enhanced group activities with game-based learning. Group activities included problem-based learning exercises and students working together to expand concept maps. These provided the opportunity for students to interact with the content, to interact with their peers and to interact with faculty. Students found these group activities effective ways of applying their knowledge in a timely manner. Game-based learning platforms that were utilised included quizzes that took place in-class as well as during review sessions. These enabled students to keep abreast of the material they were learning in class and identify gaps in their comprehension. The quizzes generated dynamic class discussions which enabled students to learn from each other.
Estrategias didácticas, desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y su incidencia en el aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Rondan Zamata Felicitas , Saavedra Jaramillo Delma Ines , De La Cruz Reyes Luis Alberto , Menacho Rivera Alejandro Sabino
Published: September 2020

En la investigación “Estrategias didácticas, el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y su incidencia en el aprendizaje significativo” se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental de nivel descriptivo explicativo, tipo básico, la información se recolecto a través de tres cuestionarios referente a las tres variables correspondientes, compuesto por 24 preguntas cada una en la escala tipo Likert. Se consideró el total de la población de 99 estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos fueron la prueba de la razón verosimilitud del modelo final; con una significancia de los coeficientes de los parámetros menores a 0,05, así mismo según el modelo de ajuste de Nagelkerke fue en un 55 % significativo, concluyendo con un valor de significancia de ,000<0,05 lo que significó el rechazo de la hipótesis nula y la aceptación de la hipótesis del investigador, por lo tanto las estrategias didácticas, desarrollo del pensamiento crítico inciden significativamente en el aprendizaje significativo.
Meningkatkan Minat Membaca melalui Gerakan Literasi Sekolah
Authors: Syahidin Syahidin
Published: September 2020

The literation will affect the nation's competitiveness in global competition. Literacy ability is very important for the success of individuals and countries in the level of knowledge-based on economi in area global in the future. It is give reinforcement that the compulsory reading curriculum is important to be applied in Indonesia education. The literation on SMA Negeri 1 Bungura Timur Laut Kabupaten Natuna Provinsi Kepulaua Riau is beneficial for formating of noble character, developing a love of reading, stimulating the growth of reading activities outside of school, adding knowledge and opening ideas and ideas concept that can also be contained in a piece of writing.The literation on SMA Negeri 1 Bunguran Timur Laut applied with the form of socialization has conducted to educators, students, for completing reading material that has begun to be difficult to obtain, presenting a digital library in accordance with the needs of current technological developments. The participants who visit the library will get a doorprize, besides that each twice a year will be announced on reading ambassador , to develop the Gelige library at SMA Negeri 1 Bunguran Timur Laut there is a Suggestion box and Feedback Box to be filled in by visitors who want to submit their suggestions.
Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & Its Correlation with Anthropometry and Glycemic Control
Authors: Ashok Kumar  , Urvashi Khan  , Shubha Laxmi Margekar  , Ashish Kumar Shukla  , Siva Prakash
Published: September 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with microvascular complications and affecting almost all organs in the body. Effect of diabetes on lung functions has been studied previously with variable results. This study was performed to see the lung functions in patients with type 2 DM and to assess the pattern of abnormality in lung functions.Aim & Objective:Our study aimed to evaluate pulmonary functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine their correlations with anthropometric profile, glycaemic control, and diabetic microangiopathic complications.Subjects and Methods: 70 T2DM patients and 70 healthy control subjects were taken for the study. After taking an informed consent, all underwent screening with detailed history, anthropometry, blood sugar (fasting and post Prandial), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), renal profile, lipid profile and Pulmonary functions (spirometry).Statistical Analysis:Student’s t-test was used to compare PFTs of diabetic and control groups. Frequencies were generated for categorical variables and compared using the chi square test.Results: There was significant reduction in all PFT parameters (PEFR (L/s), FEV1 %, FVC ) in diabetics as compared to controls. The FEV1/FVC% was higher in the diabetes group and there was a mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern of pulmonary dysfunction seen in diabetics.BMI was inversely related to PEFR, FEV1, and FVC. Age was inversely related to FEV1, and FVC. It was found that HbA1c was not significant for any ventilator (spirometric) index.Restrictive pattern rather than obstructive impairment of lung function is likely to be chronic complication of T2DM, the severity of which relates to longer duration of symptoms of diabetes, higher BMI, and advancing age.Conclusion: Spirometry is an easily available, non invasive screening tool to assess the lung functions and should be performed in patients with type 2 diabetes having microangiopathic complications.
Study on Glycemic Statusand Oxidative Stress Level in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Retinopathy: A Teaching Hospital Based Study
Authors: Rachana Gahlawat  , Dinesh Narain Saksena
Published: September 2020

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease and sustained hyperglycemia attacks both micro vessels and macro vessels throughout the body. It is the leading cause of retinopathy, nephropathy, end-stage renal disease, non traumatic lower extremity amputations.Subjects and Methods:Twenty five (25) Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus without any signs of retinopathy were identified from outpatient services of department of Medicine and Twenty five (25) Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy were identified from outpatient services of department of Ophthalmology along with 25 healthy subjects were taken as controls. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed after doing detailed dilated fundoscopic examination as per the standard criteria.Results:The levels of FBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and MDA were significantly higher in the diabetics without retinopathy, while the HDL and Vitamin C levels were lower as compared to those of the control group. The levels of FBS HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides and MDA were significantly higher in the diabetics with retinopathy, while the HDL and Vitamin C levels were lower as compared to those in the diabetes without retinopathy.Conclusion: The increased oxidative stress and a decreased antioxidant status can predict the micro-vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The raised MDA levels indicate the oxidative stress and the decreased Vitamin C levels indicate the reduced antioxidant status in diabetic retinopathy.
Analysis of Serum 25– (OH) D Levels status in Subjects Suffering from Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Teaching Hospital Based study in Western Uttar Pradesh Region
Authors: Shailendra Kumar Jain
Published: September 2020

Background: This report analyses the outcomes of a case control investigation shelled in an eventual legion learning of domestic contamination (HHCs) of TB patients. Further, these data was pooled with other available probable learning of status of vitamin D and TB hazard to demeanor asingle-participant data (IPD). Subjects and Methods: In the study recently diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were involved with a total number of 28 with a male female ration of 18 : 10 and on the other side  28 healthy controls were selected with a male female ratio of 16:12 according to inclusion and elimination criterion through non-probability purposive sampling.Results: The mean age of cases with tuberculosis was 38.8±7.5years whereas the represent age of controls was 36±5.04 years. Remarkable differences were observed between the patients with tuberculosis and controls. The differences were very significant in RBC counts, Hemoglobin,and Platelet counts. Squat standard hemoglobin values were found in the majority of study subjects in common and specifically in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion: It has been found in the study that squat serum 25– (OH) D levels were related through amplified threat of future succession to TB disease in a dose-depending method.
To Compare the Diagnostic Sensitivity of ZN (Ziehl-Neelsen) Staining, CBNAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) and Mycobacterium Culture of BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage) Fluid among Sputum Smear Negative or Non- Sputum Producing Patients wi
Authors: Vipin Deo Tiwari  , Mazher Maqusood  , G. Ramakrishna  , Rajul Rastogi
Published: September 2020

Background: Compare the diagnostic sensitivity of ZN staining and CBNAAT using Mycobacterium Culture as a gold standard in BAL fluid among sputum smear negative or non- sputum producing patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods:Our prospective observational study was conducted on 76 patients either attending Outpatient Department or being admitted in the department of Pulmonary Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad (UP). BAL sample obtained using a flexible fibre-optic bronchoscope from sputum smear negative or non- sputum producing patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Sample was divided into three parts and send the BAL fluid for CBNAAT, ZN staining, and Mycobacterium liquid culture and compare the diagnostic sensitivity of ZN staining and CBNAAT using Mycobacterium Culture as a gold standard in BAL fluid.Results: Our study was carried out on 76 patients, ZN staining detected positive and negative in BAL samples among 17.1% and 82.9% respectively. CBNAAT detected positive and negative in BAL samples among 68.72% and 31.6% respectively. Among the positive detected specimens, rifampicin resistance and sensitive were found among 4 (5.56%) and 48 (63.16%) specimens respectively.MTB detected positive and negative in BAL samples among 51.3% and 48.7% of the subjects respectively. The gold standard BAL-MTB liquid culture was used to test the efficacy of ZN staining to detect the BAL specimen. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and Accuracy of ZN in the detection of BAL specimen were 23.08%, 89.19%, 69.23%, 52.38%, and 55.26% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy of CBNAAT in detection of BAL specimen were 92.31%, 66.76%, 79.23%, 87.50% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is efficient and reliable technique for the smear negative cases. Its simplicity, sensitivity, speed and automation, make this technique a very attractive tool for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in smear negative cases of TB suspects. Meanwhile it has an added advantage of detection of multi-drug resistant cases.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Prolene Mesh Repair in Incisional Hernia: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Vinod Kumar Jeengar  , Rita Verma
Published: September 2020

Background: Inguinal hernia is the most common diversity accounting for roughly 75% of all hernia. The etiology of an inguinal hernia is clearly not understood. The technique of hernia repair is usually based on custom rather than evidence.4 According to data there is a good observation that open mesh repair is better than suture repair in terms of recurrences. The aim of this study to evaluated the effectiveness of prolene mesh rapair in incisional hernia.Subjects and Methods:A prospective hospital based study done on 30 cases in department of general surgery at RVRS medical college & associated group of hospitals, Bhilwara, Rajasthan. We randomly assigned 30 patients to suture repair or mesh repair of an incisional hernia. The patients were followed up by local physical examination at 1 month & 3 months were done as per standard protocol. Factors related to the operation including the surgical technique, presence or absence of seroma, hematoma, infection, dehiscence were recorded. Follow-up of cases was done at 1 month & 3 months after surgery on an outpatient basis for recurrence of hernia.Results:Our study showed that the majority of cases (43.33%) were seen in 40-49 years of age group. Small (0-5cm) gap size 90% cases and 10% cases have medium gap size in our study. Pain present in 26.66% patients in group A and 20% in group B at 1 month. The recurrence of hernia was present in 28% cases in group A and 4% in group B. It was statistically significant (P=0.0488*) at 3 months and the mostly were well built and have 27.27% wound infection present in these type of patients. Mostly infection occurred in obese patients (40%).Conclusion: We concluded that restoration with polypropylene mesh is superior to suture repair group with concern to the recurrence of hernia.
A Systematic Review about Educational Interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) aimed to prevent and control diabetes in Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Baghernezhad Hesary Fatemeh , Khanjani Narges
Published: September 2020

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world and a serious health problem, that requires comprehensive interventions. This systematic review was conducted to summarize educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model aimed to prevent and control diabetes. Methods: Searches were done on May 30, 2019 in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex databases in English and Persian. The inclusion criteria included quantitative original interventional studies that aimed to control type 2 diabetes, and the intervention was based on the Health Belief Model. Studies done outside of Iran, interventions on other types of diabetes, non-interventional studies, and reviews were excluded. Results: Eventually, 13 studies (6 English and 7 Persian articles) entered this systematic review. The intervention durations were from 2 to 3 months. These studies fell into three broad categories: 1- Prevention of the disease 2- Improving Nutrition behaviors in patients 3-Prevention of disease complications or its progress. All of the educational interventions showed a positive effect for education on the prevention and control of diabetes. Conclusions: Interventions based on the HBM have shown an effective role in controlling and preventing diabetes.
Experimental Evaluation of Karpasa Beeja (Gossypium herbacum Linn.) With special reference to its Galactagogue Effect
Authors: Mehatre Dhulappa Dharmaji
Published: September 2020

Increased urbanization created lack of authentic and genuine drug for the management of ailments of human beings; similarly the urbanization has fashioned myths in society that lactation and feedings of the babies leads to loss of beauty, along with this stress, strain and modern style of living affects the milk production in human being.   Galactogouges are most used and prescribed drugs in the medical practice. As per Ayurveda galactogouges are termed as stanyajanana dravya, which increase the milk production. Karpasa beeja (Gossypium herbacum Linn) belongs to Malvaceae family is medium sized tree consists madhura rasa (sweet taste), sheeta veerya (cold potency), and madhura vipaka (under goes sweet metabolism). It acts as vata, pitta shamaka, kapha vardhaka, and stanyajanana (increases lactation). The Karpasa beeja was subjected for morphological and physico-chemical evaluation according to the parameters explained in Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India and galactogogue activity was carried out for 15 days by using 24 Albino rats divided into four groups i.e. two trial groups (Churna and Extract of Karpas Beeja), one standard group (Shatavari churna) and one control group (Normal saline water). The drug shows presence of carbohydrate, proteins, sterols, reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids. The drug in the form of churna and 90% Ethyl alcohol extract shows similar effects with known standard drug Shatavari (Asparagus racemosa).
Management of Kamala (Jaundice) through Ayurved – A Case Report
Authors: Deshmukh Nayan Anil , Ade Vinod , Supare Satyam S
Published: September 2020

Jaundice is a yellow pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membrane over the sclera and other mucous membrane caused by hyperbilirubinemia (increase level of bilirubin in blood). Today’s lifestyle with unhygienic and poor dietary habit and alcoholic habits, etc. which are responsible factor to promote hepatic damage which clinically reflect as kamala In this case study 25 years male patient having kamala who was suffering from pain in abdomen, weakness, anorexia, burning maturation and fever on and off, the patient was treated with shodhan chikitsa (Virechan with panchatikta ghrita) followed by shaman chikitsa. Patient got significant result as per the values of bilirubin with symptomatic relief in complaints within 30 days, Kamala can be successfully managed by shodhan and shaman chikitsa , the effect of ayurvedic treatment was assessed in relation to improvement in overall clinical sign and symptoms and biochemical investigations. Further study will be needed as per different assessment criteria.
Thaalisapaththiri Chooranam (Poly Herbal Formulation) in Siddha Medicine - A literature review
Authors: Mufaza Musthafa , Nisra Hasim , Sounthararajan Kalaichelvi , Sanmugarajah Vinotha
Published: September 2020

Thaalisapaththiri chooranam (T.C) is a poly herbal formulation and used to treat a wide variety of respiratory tract conditions such as kaasam, shayam, eilai and pitha diseases in Siddha Medicine. It has different ingredients which are having a wide range of therapeutic uses. Although the method of preparation of the T.C is mentioned in the eight text books, same variety of ingredients (eighteen) is mentioned in only two books. Therefore, the preliminary step was to develop the documentary evidences for the medicinal ingredients those are using to prepare the T.C. Data for the review on 18 ingredients from 13 families were collected from relevant text books and research sources from October to December 2019. The characteristics of the ingredients that were identified for the review were morphology; native; parts used; siddha properties such as taste, potency and efficacy; pharmacological actions and phytochemicals. Among these ingredients, all were identified as herbal materials and 2(11.1%) of the species were found in Umbelliferae, Myristicaceae, Piperaceae, Combretaceae and Compositae families. Based on the morphology 8(44.44%) and 6(33.33%) plants were trees and herbs respectively; 8 species (44%) were used as dry fruits. Among these ingredients, 11(39.2%) were pungent in taste, 15(83.3%) hot potency and 12(66%) pungent efficacy. Based on pharmacological actions such as carminative [12(27%)] and stimulant [11(23%)]; phytochemicals such as volatile oil 8(23%) were found in these ingredients. Although this review provides useful documentary evidences for T.C in health management further extensive scientific studies should be carried out to justify in future.
Efficacy of Nitya Virechana with Trivrit Churna in the Management of Stage 1 Essential Hypertension – A Pilot Study
Authors: Mohan Manju , Punam Sawarkar
Published: September 2020

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a lifestyle disorder occurs due to faulty life style and stressful psychological conditions with a low rate of remission and recovery. In Ayurveda, Hypertension can be correlated with Vata Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi. In Vatapradhana Vyadhi, Mridu Sanshodhana is the line of treatment and Nitya Virechana is a type of Mridu Sanshodhana. So in this study, Trivrit Churna was selected for Nitya Virechana in the management of Stage 1 Essential Hypertension. Aim: This clinical study was carried out to study the effect of Nitya Virechana with Trivrit Churna on Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure. Settings and Design: This was an open-labeled single arm interventional clinical study. Materials and Methods: Nine newly diagnosed cases of Stage 1 Essential Hypertension were registered from the outpatient and inpatient of Department of Panchakarma, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, and Nitya Virechana with Trivrit Churna was administered for consecutive 15 days. Statistical Analysis: The data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and paired t test. Results: Significant (p<0.05) result was found in all the assessment of subjective as well as objective parameters, namely Shiroruk (headache), Klama (fatigue), Bhrama (giddiness), Anidra (insomina), Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Nitya Virechana with Trivrit Churna is highly effective to reduce Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure with significant reduction in symptoms of Stage 1 Essential Hypertension.
Study in the Effect of Yavavati in the Management of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Kakade Tejas Laxman , Wajpeyi Sadhana Misar
Published: September 2020

Dyslipidemia is considered as metabolic disorders related to lipoprotein metabolism, manifested as rise in plasma levels of total Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TGs), or both, or a decrease in high density lipoprotein level or all three together that contributes to the formation of atherosclerosis. It can be included under santarpanjanyavyadhi. Various conditions like Shonitabhishyandana, Rasagata SnehaVriddhi (raised plasma lipid levels), Rasaraktagata Snehavriddhi (raised plasma and blood lipid levels), Medovriddhi (elevation of generalized fat), Medoroga (obesity), Aam Medodhatu (abnormal form of adipose tissue) can be correlated with Dyslipidemia due to resemblance of their etiopathogenesis and clinical features. Total 30 patients of dyslipidemia fulfilling the diagnostic criteria were selected and treated with Yavavati 1.5 gm twice a day before meal with lukewarm water for 30 days. In this study it was observed that incidence of  Dyslipidemia was more in advanced ages,female gender, middle socioeconomic group individuals having vatapittajaprakruti, madhyamagni and madhyamaakruti. In present study, sedentary lifestyle, day sleep, association of other diseases like hypertension, DM, hypothyroidism and hemiplegia are the main causative factors for Dyslipidemia. Yavavati showed significant improvement in BMI, total cholesterol, S.Triglicerides, S.VLDL and HDL level. This improvement may be due to its ruksha, lekhana, kaphamedahar, agnivadhaka and apatarpana properties of Yavavati. Hence from this study it can be concluded that, Yavavati is effective and can be safely used in the management of Dyslipidemia.
A Systematic Review: Standard Measurement method of Anguli pramana
Authors: Pratibha VIsave , Shukla Deepnarayan , Choudhari Deepali
Published: September 2020

Introduction:  Anguli pramana is an ancient form of anthropometric measurements where individual’s own finger width is used as a unit of measurement. Different researchers had attempted to standardize the Anguli pramana.  This systematic review aims to review all the available published literature and to provide the narrative summary on Anguli pramana. Methods: References were sought in Google scholar, AYUSH Research portal, DHARA online, Pub med, Shodhganga, eShodhSindhu datasets and other sources like Grey literature by utilizing all the keywords and MeSH terminologies. Following PRISMA guidelines, 32 full-text eligible papers were assessed and 9 articles extracted for study design, population parameters, methodology, evaluation system, outcome and other relevant findings. Result: 5 out of 9 studies have reconfirmed that breadth of middle finger (BM) of right hand proved as more accurate method of measurement in Anguli pramana while in 3 studies average of right and left middle finger at proximal interphalangeal joint is used as a method of measurement. Only 1 study shows use of average of breadth of four fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints of right and left hand as a method of measurement. Discussion: Present systematic review concludes that breadth of middle finger of the right hand at proximal interphalangeal joint (BM) is the standard method of measurement for Anguli pramana.
A Critical Review and Significance of Ayurvedic preparation Kwatha - Herbal decoction
Authors: Bhatt Narendra Someshwar , Deshpande Manasi
Published: September 2020

The standardization of Ayurvedic classical dosage forms has been an area of academic, research, industrial and regulatory interests.  It is crucial to understand the basic principles and rationality of these dosage forms for their therapeutic relevance while adapting to newer technologies for its right pharmaceutical and clinical use. Kwatha Kalpana -frequently referred to as decoctions - aqueous extraction of a group of herbs, is one of the most commonly used classical dosage forms where the therapeutic attributes are extracted from the group of botanicals into water, with the use of heat. Though clinically effective, it is seldom used due to the cumbersome preparatory method, short shelf life and poor palatability. This elaborate review covers historical and basic concepts of the dosage form, its salient features, nuances of classical preparations, traditional and newly developed methods of preparations. This paper covers intricate classical information and specifics about Kwatha, the herbal decoction.
Análisis de estrategias metodológicas docentes innovadoras apoyadas en el uso de TIC para fomentar el Aprendizaje Cooperativo del alumnado universitario del Grado de Pedagogía.
Authors: Fernández Martín Eugenia
Published: September 2020

Actualmente se está reconociendo cada vez más la importancia de las competencias auto-adquiridas del estudiante universitario en su proceso de construcción de aprendizajes, especialmente el aprendizaje cooperativo, para el correcto andamiaje del conocimiento académico y profesional, según el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Por ello, el interés del presente estudio se centra en analizar las estrategias metodologías docentes más novedosas capaces de potenciar el aprendizaje cooperativo del alumnado. En la presente investigación, se realizó un estudio de diseño mixto mediante correlatos estadísticos y evidencias de datos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 100 estudiantes del Grado de Pedagogía de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Málaga (España). Los instrumentos y estrategias de recogida de información fueron cuestionario, grupo focal, observación y análisis de documentos. Dicha recogida de información se realizó durante dos años académicos consecutivos, 2018-2019 y 2019-2020. Los resultados de este estudio revelan que las estrategias docentes más eficaces para incentivar el aprendizaje cooperativo del alumnado, son las que se enfocan a propiciar la interacción con el grupo, la asunción de responsabilidades por parte del estudiantado, la implicación personal del mismo, y promover la participación tanto en el aula como, muy especialmente, en las plataformas virtuales universitarias, como se detalla a lo largo del presente escrito. Se concluye que estas novedosas estrategias metodológicas docentes, apoyadas en los actuales recursos tecnológicos, impulsan, fomentan y mejoran el aprendizaje cooperativo del alumnado universitario, lo que repercute directamente en la formación académica, profesional y personal del mismo.
VP 32 Interview RTL4 documentaire
Authors: scagliola stef , Immler Nicole L.
Published: September 2020

interview met Alfred Edelstein, Karin van Koevorden, redacteuren van documentaire over Rawagede 8-1995,

5-8-2016
Modelo bancario e inclusión financiera del territorio español durante la Gran Recesión: un análisis comparativo entre Banca Social, Cooperativa y Comercial
Authors: Fernández-Olit Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se centra en la importancia de las sucursales bancarias para la inclusión financiera del territorio, con independencia de que la digitalización favorezca en parte la prestación de servicios. Partiendo de esta premisa, este trabajo revisa los factores que a nivel provincial determinan la reducción de sucursales bancarias en España durante el periodo de mayor intensidad de la Gran Recesión (2008-2013). Mediante un análisis clúster se analizan especialmente las diferencias entre tipologías de entidades bancarias - así como entre entidades particulares-, respecto del proceso de reducción de la red territorial. Los resultados indican que la intensa contracción de la red de sucursales de las cajas de ahorro fue compensada por una absorción de parte de esa red por la banca comercial, que se mantuvo principalmente en zonas dinámicas y de carácter urbano, donde también aumentó el riesgo de discriminación bancaria por la desigualdad socioeconómica. Mientras, la banca cooperativa sostuvo las zonas rurales y envejecidas, llegando a ampliar su propia red y aprovechando los espacios vacíos dejados por las cajas. Las conclusiones reflexionan sobre los motivos que han justificado la reducción de la red de sucursales y proponen la consideración del nuevo marco normativo europeo, que garantiza el acceso de los ciudadanos a una cuenta bancaria y promueve nuevas estrategias de inclusión financiera. Finalmente, se presta atención a los principios que dieron origen y desarrollaron la banca social, a su actualización y aplicabilidad en el entorno post-crisis.
Uncertainty Towards the Disease of Family Caregivers of Patients in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Arias-Rojas Mauricio , Carreño-Moreno Sonia , Rojas-Reyes Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Objective: To know the development of the scientific evidence on the uncertainty towards the disease of family caregivers of patients in palliative care.

Materials and methods: A descriptive scoping review. A search was conducted in the Embase, ScienceDirect, Medline, Academic Search Complete, Scopus databases, during the 2000-2019 period. The following MeSH terms were used: uncertainty, palliative care, end of life, nursing and caregiver. Fifty articles were selected after the criticism process.

Results: Five thematic nuclei emerged: characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, factors influencing uncertainty, resources to manage uncertainty, uncertainty assessment, and therapies and interventions to approach uncertainty. The higher scale of evidence is found in the characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, and the voids direct the development of Nursing interventions on the uncertainty of the caregivers of individuals in palliative care.

Conclusions: Although the factors influencing uncertainty towards the disease of the caregiver are widely explored, the evidence on the interventions that may help to reduce uncertainty towards the disease is still limited.
RN4CAST Study in Portugal: Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index
Authors: Almeida Sofia , Nascimento Ana , Lucas Pedro Bernardes , Jesus Élvio , Araújo Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and assess construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study validates the psychometric properties of the PES-NWI in Portugal. Exploratory factorial analysis is used to analyze the psychometric properties of the PES-NWI in a sample of 5,075 Portuguese nurses; the data sample covers all geographic regions in the country. Confirmatory factor analysis is performed to confirm the model’s data adequacy.

Results: Factorial analysis explained 54.6 % of the variance and a five-dimension structure. The five factors identified were Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs, Nurse Manager Ability, Leadership and Support of Nurses, Nursing Foundations for Quality of Care, Staffing and Resource Adequacy, and Nurse-Physician Relations. The confirmatory analysis showed that the five-factor model fit well with the data in the Portuguese context.

Conclusion: In a Portuguese health context, the PES-NWI is a valid scale to access the nursing environment and improve working conditions.
Examination of Student Resistance Behaviors towards Physical Education and Sports Teachers in the Teaching-Learning Process
Authors: Arıkan Gökhan
Published: September 2020

This study aims to identify the perceptions of examination of student resistance behaviors towards physical education and sports teachers in the teaching-learning process. For this purpose to define students’ resistance behaviors. In education, students’ resistance to teaching-learning processes affects the entire school community. Resistance behaviors during the teaching-learning process cause students to fail and create an important problem for teachers and administrators for preventing the formation of efficient learning environments, increasing the number of students showing similar resistance, and developing negative thoughts regarding school and the school community. For this purpose, to examine how physical education and sports teachers perceive students’ resistance behaviors throughout the school. Therefore, this study was designed as a descriptive study that reveals the current situation for 157 physical education and sports teachers working in the center of Şanlıurfa. In the study, Student Resistance Behaviors Scale Teacher Form SRBS-T which is a five-point Likert scale consisting of 25 items and four identifying factors that are “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher Authority,” “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher,” “Constantly Being Angry” and “Passive Resistance” was used. In analyzing the data, a t-test test was used in pairwise comparisons, and One-Way ANOVA tests were used in multiple comparisons. Tukey test was conducted to determine where the difference was in the group. In the study, the findings were statistically significant in the sub-dimensions of “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher” and seniority, “Passive Resistance” and “Passive Resistance” at the school level. İn this study showed that there is no significant difference between genders in the sub-scales of SRBS-T and total scores. In addition “Hostile Attitudes towards the Teacher” sub-dimension were found to be significantly different in teachers with 16-20 years of seniority from other teachers. In the “passive resistance” dimension, teachers with 11-15 years of seniority had significantly higher scores than other teachers.
Comparison of European and American Athletes in Jumping Events in Terms of Competition Season Variables: Different Continents, Different Education of Coaching
Authors: Bayraktar Işık , Ors Tuncay , Örs Berfin Serdil
Published: September 2020

It is predicted that athletes can achieve high efficiency levels when training contents are applied within the scope of annual plans prepared on a scientific basis. Annual plans consist of preparation, competition and interim periods. Topics such as determining target competition where the peak performance will be revealed during competition period are examined under periodization title of training science. This study was carried out to determine the variables of the competition seasons of American and European athletes in jumping events and to identify the similarities and differences between the variables. The study group consisted of elite American and European athletes, who had ranked in the top 100 in the world charts of the 2018 season. The differences between athletes were determined by Mann Whitney U-Test. In terms of the number of competition season days, number of days between competitions and final performance value of season, statistically significant differences were found between the athletes in favor of the American male long jumpers and male triple jumpers (p < 0.05). Significant differences were determined between the European and American high jumpers in terms of number of days between competitions in both genders (p < 0.05). In the pole vault event, the total number of competitions participated by both male and female European athletes were higher than total number of competitions participated by American athletes (p < 0.05). As a result, it was thought that the differences determined between the groups such as the number of days between competitions may be due to the differences in the perception of periodization and different coaching educations embraced by continents.
Some interactional functions of finger pointing in signed language conversations
Authors: Ferrara Lindsay
Published: September 2020

Interlocutors participating in conversation collaborate with each other to coordinate their actions and talk. Research on spoken language conversations has shown that speakers use bodily gestures, in addition to speech, to regulate their interaction. The current study expands on this research by investigating how signed language users finger point to express interactional meanings. Studies of pointing in signed languages have largely focused on referential functions, as signers frequently point to refer to themselves and others, as well as visible and invisible referents. However, this study demonstrates how signers also finger point to deliver information, cite previous contributions, seek responses, manage turns, and give feedback. These interactional meanings are important, just as identifying discourse referents is important. Language theory should be able to accommodate this complexity of language in conversation, which involves an interplay between different types of semiosis (description, depiction, indexicality) in an inclusive, systematic way.
Workplace ergonomics training intervention and its effect on quality of nursing work life among nurse interns
Authors: Abd Rabou Hanaa Mohamed , Akel Dalal Talaat
Published: September 2020

Objective: The current study aim is to evaluate impact of workplace ergonomics training intervention on the Intern nurses’ work life quality.Methods: The study accompanied through a quasi-experimental design with all nurse interns who registered in internship year, in operating rooms and critical care units at El Demerdash Hospital which are allied to Ain Shams University Hospitals. A triple-section questionnaire was used for data collection: First, part I - nurse interns’ socio demographic profile. Part II - self-administered knowledge questionnaire. Second, nurse interns’ performance observational checklist. Third, Brooks’ Quality of Nursing Work Life survey.Results: The study reported that nurse intern’ knowledge and practice related to workplace ergonomics were improved in the post intervention and follow up phases. Also, interns’ total quality of nursing work life was highly statistically significant different during post intervention and follow up phases when compared with pre intervention phase.Conclusions: The findings of this study concluded that ergonomics training intervention had positive impact on nurse interns’ work life quality in post and after three months from the intervention of training intervention compared to the pre intervention phase. The study recommends that nurse interns should adhere to safety guidelines in all their practices and provides nurse interns with safe patient handling and mobility training programs.
Optimization of Xylanase Production by Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 Using Various Substrates through Submerged Fermentation
Authors: SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , SUHARTONO MAGGY THENAWIDJAYA , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: September 2020

Xylanase is an important hydrolytic enzymes with many application in several industries, but to obtain enzyme derived products is not easy. Thus, the optimization of efficient xylanases production is a great interest for biotechnological application. This study aims to determine the type of substrate, medium composition, and optimum conditions of xylanase production by S. costaricanus 45I-3. Determination of substrate type was done by growing the tested bacteria on birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, oat spelled xylan, corn cobs xylan, and tobacco xylan substrate, meanwhile the determination of medium composition and enzyme production were done by measuring xylanase activity at various substrate concentration and replacing the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate and surfactants source. The results showed that the highest enzymatic index (EI) produced from corn cob xylan substrate at 3.60 meanwhile the second highest was beechwood xylan substrate at 2.87 EI, however this substrate is purer, thus this substrate was selected and used as xylan sources for further optimization measurement. The best xylanase activity (2.29 U/mL) obtained on eighth day after inoculation on rotary incubator at 120 rpm in 28 ºC. Arabinose as the source of carbon generate the highest activity at 3.161 U/mL meanwhile the most preferred source of phosphate is Na2HPO4 (2.37 U/mL). Both source of nitrogen i.e. nitrogen ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract were able to produce xylanase at 2.57 and 2.36 U/mL. The addition of surfactant in production medium showed addition of SDS surfactant (0.146 U/mL) and Tween 80 (0.438 U/mL) showed a negative response by decreasing the activity. The conclusion showed that the xylanase activity was increased after optimization at various C, N, and P sources, and the use of nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4), become a more economical alternative to replacing a nitrogen source yeast extract so it can lower the production costs of xylanase enzyme.
Linguateca's infrastructure for Portuguese and how it allows the detailed study of language varieties
Authors: Santos Diana
Published: September 2020

In this paper I present briefly Linguateca, an infrastructure project for Portuguese which is over ten years old, showing how it provides several possibilities to study grammatical and semantical differences between varieties of the language.

After a short history of Portuguese corpus linguistics, presenting the main projects in the area, I discuss in some detail the AC/DC project and what is called the AC/DC cluster (encompassing other related corpus projects sharing the same core). Emphasizing its potential for language variation studies, the paper also (i) describes CONDIVport's integration as an impetus for new capabilities, and (ii) provides a sketch of newly added functionalities to AC/DC.
Aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects
Authors: Leinonen Therese
Published: September 2020

In this paper an aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects is proposed by means of multidimensional scaling (MDS). The Gap statistic showed that no statistically significant partitioning of Swedish dialects can be made based on vowel pronunciation, which means that the dialects form a true linguistic continuum. Vowels recorded by 1,170 speakers at 98 sites were analyzed acoustically with principal components of Bark-filtered spectra, and the linguistic distances between varieties were computed as the Euclidean distance of the acoustic variables. The MDS analyses showed that the dialect areas that can be detected based on vowel pronunciation in modern rural varieties of Swedish largely correspond to the traditional Swedish dialect division and divisions of regional varieties of Standard Swedish. The results also show a large-scale ongoing dialect leveling. The change is largest in many central parts of the language area close to the biggest cities, while the dialects in more peripheral areas are relatively stable.