bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Kinesio taping better than placebo taping for improving performance during unilateral vertical jump and hop tests? Protocol study for a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial
Authors: Glória Igor Phillip dos Santos , Herpich Carolina Marciela , Serenza Felipe , Politti Fabiano , Gonzalez Tabajara de Oliveira , Gomes Cid André Fidelis de Paula , Biasotto-Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Kinesio taping consists of the attachment of a thin elastic tape over specific muscles, the thickness of which is similar to that of the epidermis. This tape can be stretched to 140% of its original length, which demonstrates greater elasticity in comparison to conventional bandages. According to the creator of this method, Kinesio taping leads to better muscle activation or inhibition, reduces pain, swelling and muscle spasms and prevents muscle injury. Objective: The aim of the proposed study is to compare and analyze the immediate effect of Kinesio taping and placebo taping on performance during unilateral vertical jump and two hop tests by young professional soccer players. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial will be conducted involving 100 athletes. The volunteers will be submitted to an evaluation of the dominant lower limb using the Single Leg Hop Test and Single Leg Triple Hop Test as well as the evaluation of a unilateral vertical jump on a pressure platform. The athletes will then be randomly allocated to two groups. Group A will receive Kinesio taping of the triceps surae muscle as described by Kase (2003, 2013) and Group B will receive a placebo taping of the same muscle. After 30 minutes, the volunteers will be submitted to the same evaluation tests. Analysis: Intra-group and inter-group analyses of the results will be performed. Statistical tests will be conducted considering a 5% significance level. This study is registered with Clinical Trials under protocol number: NCT02560961
Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of microkinesitherapy in post-traumatic cervicalgia. A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.
Authors: Baconnier Pierre , Vial Bruno , Vaudaux Gérard , Vaudaux Geneviève.F. , Maindet-Dominici Caroline , Poquin Didier , Juvin Robert
Published: December 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a microkinesitherapy session on pain and the amplitudes of flexion-extension in post-traumatic acute neck pain. Methods: Randomized double blind clinical trial involving two groups of patients. The microkinesitherapy group benefitted from the check-up treatment sequence, the control group from a check-up simulation sequence. The primary outcome measure was evolution of pain, secondary endpoint amplitudes of movement. Results: 29 patients were studied: 15 in the microkinesitherapy group and 14 in the control group. A significant decrease in the visual analog scale (0-10) of pain was noted for the microkinesitherapy group (5,2 ± 2,3 at initial check-up versus 2.5 ± 1.7 in the second check-up, p <0.001), but no decrease in the control group (4,0 ± 2,3 initial check-up versus 3,1 ± 2,4 in the second check-up, ns). The evolution of the amplitude of flexion-extension was significant for the microkinesitherapy group (95° ± 29° ° in the first check-up versus 107° ± 27° in the second check-up, p <0.02) but no improvement in the control group (104° ± 26° initial check-up versus 107° ± 28° in the second check-up, ns). Conclusion: Our study shows that an early microkinesitherapy session is effective on pain and recovery of flexion-extension in the treated group.
Effects of hemodialysis on upper airways collapsibility in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Santos Israel Reis , Danaga Aline Roberta , Silva Anderson Soares , Urbano Jessica Julioti , Oliveira Ezequiel Fernandes , Peixoto Roger Andre de Oliveira , Guimarães Letícia Lopes , Oliveira Patrícia Clemente , Queiroz Bruno Carlos de , Gonçalves Caroline de Freitas , Tomei Jéssica Scheurs , Nacif Sergio R , Souza Fatima Maria Leite de , Martin Luis Cuadrado , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco
Published: December 2016

Introduction: The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized as a clinical condition wherein the progressive loss of renal function for a period longer than months to years will lead to the onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the advanced stages of CKD, patients can only be treated with replacement therapy, dialysis or transplantation. In this context, hemodialysis (HD) presents as the main treatment option for these patients due to the lack of donors. Patients with ESRD in HD often present signs and symptoms related to pre-existing or acquired comorbidities with worsening of the disease. The most frequent are electrolytic disturbances, anemia, malnutrition, bone disease, Melittus diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological changes and sleep disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents a tenfold prevalence in patients with ESRD when compared to the general population, worsening the clinical symptoms and cardiovascular complications of this disease. The increase in the number of ESRD patients submitted to HD has assumed epidemic proportions worldwide. The causal association between sleep-disordered breathing, in particular OSA and ESRD, is still not well understood, which expands the possibility of new findings for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of OSA, improving quality of life and reducing morbimortality. Objective: The present study involving ESRD patients undergone HD was designed with three main objectives: 1) to verify the prevalence and severity of sleep-disordered breathing; 2) to analyze the behavior of sleep apnea / hypopnea index (AHI) during the interdialitic period; 3) to verify weight gain and anthropometric measurements during the interdialitic period. Method: A consecutive single-center cross-sectional clinical study will be performed, double-blind, non-randomized to investigate the behavior of AHI in patients with ESRD undergoing HD in the nephrology unit (UNEFRO) at the Hospital of Santa Casa de Misericordia de Avaré, (SP), Brazil. The design and conduct of this study followed the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement
Congresso Internacional de Fisioterapia da Amazônia
Authors: Magalhães Joelma
Published: December 2016

Com o aumento do número de profissionais e acadêmicos em Fisioterapia da Região Norte e da cidade de Manaus, já era um tempo de oferta uma herança desse grande evento, que os profissionais renomeados do Brasil e do mundo. Manaus, capital do Amazonas, participou do II Congresso Internacional de Fisioterapia da Amazônia com o intuito de promover uma troca de experiências, o conhecimento e o desenvolvimento do senso crítico dos especialistas da área de fisioterapia. Neste modo, o intuito é permitir e promover parcerias e descobrir o que há de novo no universo da Fisioterapia, bem como as pesquisas mais recentes que elevam uma profissão ou um novo patamar a cada ano, usando-os em prol do bem estar do paciente .Esse congresso é feito especialmente para todos aqueles que buscam profissionais de profissionais, que aprendem como usar ferramentas fundamentais para aliviar ou dor, ajudar na recuperação e reabilitação, algo que vai muito além das aulas nas instituições. Quem tem melhor preparação e qualidade de informações, sempre vai estar um passo à frente. Conheça profissionais, acadêmicos de Fisioterapia e fomente o aperfeiçoamento científico profissional ou o objetivo primordial deste Congresso Científico.
Prevalence study of overweight/obesity in young adults students and associated factors
Authors: Garcia Bianca Maria Schneider Pereira , Menezes Rosiely Libertino de , Souza Luara Cauper Antony e , Gama Wellington Mota , Silva Danielle Furtado da , Neto Pedro Vieira da Silva , Costa Allyson Guimarães da , Marrie Adriana Malheiro , Gonçalves Roberta Lins , Sanches Fernanda Figueroa , Fernandes Tiótrefis Gomes , Leon Elisa Brosina de
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Obesity is determined by energy imbalance between consumed calories and spent calories. The projection is that, in 2025, about 2.3 billion adults are overweight and over 700 million obese and this is largely associated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify the biological and social-behavioral factors associated with the prevalence of overweight /obesity in a sample of young university students. Method: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amazonas. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which were evaluated 174 participants with a mean age of 21 (± 4.3) years, from Federal University of Amazonas, academics of the Physiotherapy and Physical Education Courses. A self-administered questionnaire, that included personal and behavioral data, anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements, was applied. In addition, blood was collected to analyze the lipid profile, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and insulin and cytokines. The Poisson regression model was used, considering in the final model those variables with p< 0.05. Results: The study showed that 42% (n=73) of the evaluated individuals were overweight/obese. The variables significantly associated with overweight/obesity after Poisson analysis were elevated diastolic blood pressure, elevated hip circumference, elevated high neck circumference, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: It was observed in the study that the behavioral and anthropometric determinants were significantly associated with the increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the sample evaluated. It should be noted that alcohol consumption, from one to five times a week, was significantly associated with the prevalence analyzed.
TENDENCY TO BRUXISM IN PHYSIOTHERAPY TEACHERS AND CONSEQUENCES IN THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Costa Joelma Magalhães da , Santos Aline de Carvalho , Braga Renata Bezerra , Melo Tairine Correa de , Carvalho Raisa Seabra , Oliveira Joanne Figueiredo De
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Bruxism is characterized by the parafunctional act of tightening or grinding the teeth, which may occur in a conscious or unconscious way, during sleep or in wakefulness. It has become a growing concern in recent years due to its negative impact on quality of life (QOL) and also because it is considered an important risk factor for temporomandibular disorders. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the QOL related to bruxism in physiotherapy teachers from a private institution through a questionnaire and their perception for such parafunction. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative and exploratory study. The self-perception of bruxism was assessed through three questions from the Fonseca Anamnestic Indexand the perspective of QLV through the Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36), with a sample of 38 teachers of both genders. Results: Based on the results found, the level of statistical significance was set at p<0,05 for all tests. Among the 38 interviewees, 47,4% (n = 18) of professionals were observed with bruxism, with a higher prevalence in the female gender. Regarding the comparisons of QOL in relation to bruxism, a statistically significant difference was found in relation to the dimension of Pain (p=0,014), in which the mean for the bruxism group was (59,8) and without bruxism (78,5). Conclusion: There is a relation of the bruxism with the quality of life of the interviewees, and this habit mainly interferes in the domain of pain. Another aspect that was shown to be significantly associated with bruxism was nervous tension, in which the tense and nervous professionals were associated with self-perception of bruxism.
UN ESTUDIO GENERAL DE LAS ARTES Y LA POLÍTICA DE NEPAL DURANTE EL SIGLO XX: PROCESOS DE TRANSICIÓN Y DIÁLOGO MULTICULTURAL.
Authors: De la Rubia Gomez-Moran Andrea
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo consiste en un estudio generalizado del desarrollo del arte moderno nepalí en torno a los años 50, cuando el país comenzó un proceso de modernización  como consecuencia de su reapertura al mundo exterior y consiguiente relación con las culturas extranjeras. Durante la transición, tanto el cambio político producido por las nuevas ideas democráticas como los nuevos medios de comunicación y consumo contribuyeron a la creación de un nuevo Nepal, dividido entre lo moderno y lo tradicional. El objetivo de este estudio es el de subrayar que el arte moderno de Nepal se desarrolló a partir de su propia localidad, pero también teniendo en cuenta la influencia que sobre el arte nepalí han ejercido los procesos capitalistas y globalización cultural.
Tras la imagen del coleccionista: influencia y protagonismo de Manuel Castellano en el desarrollo y la conservación del retrato fotográfico en Madrid.
Authors: Onfray Stéphany
Published: December 2016

La completa definición del papel de Manuel Castellano en la formación y la conservación de sus 22 álbumes fotográficos, sigue siendo hoy en día materia de discusión. En este artículo, pretendemos esbozar la figura del pintor como un elemento clave, no sólo para la reunión del conjunto de fotografías, sino para el propio desarrollo del retrato fotográfico en los estudios madrileños en el siglo XIX.
La Section d’Or y Juan Gris: Un camino hacia un cubismo espiritual
Authors: Sarriugarte Gomez Iñigo
Published: December 2016

El artista de origen madrileño Juan Gris tuvo la oportunidad de ser testigo directo de la gestación del cubismo a raíz de su estancia en 1906 en la capital francesa. A partir de aquí, comienza a relacionarse con distintos pintores y críticos vanguardistas, que le ofertarán nuevas posibilidades aperturistas para su posterior involucración cubista. El año 1912 marca su definitiva integración bajo la estela pictórica del cubismo sintético, destacando igualmente su relación con el grupo de Puteaux. Los encuentros con esta agrupación cubista le derivarán hacia postulados caracterizados por la aplicación de enrejados, que eran formulados bajo premisas matemáticas, así como un interés manifiesto por la sección aurea, pero sin ser olvidado por parte del artista la evocación de un discurso espiritual adecuado a las necesidades de su tiempo. 
Grafitos de presos, de los siglos XVIII-XIX, en la Torre del Homenaje de la Alhambra
Authors: Barrera Maturana José Ignacio
Published: December 2016

In the Homage tower the Alhambra palace. The prisioners graffitis between XVIII-XIX centuries. 

RESUMEN

Algunos autores han visto por la forma en que se dispone el recinto de La Alhambra en la colina de la Sabika, a un barco varado cuya proa es la Alcazaba. Es en esta proa y concretamente en el interior de la Torre del Homenaje, donde localizamos un numeroso grupo de grafitos, mayoritariamente barcos, que son objeto de nuestro estudio. Creemos que fueron realizados por presos, quizás algunos de ellos ingleses, alojados en este espacio durante los siglos XVIII-XIX.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Prisión, Torre del Homenaje, grafitos, barcos, pingue, presos ingleses, Isla de Menorca.

ABSTRACT

Some authors have seen by the way the grounds of the Alhambra is available in Sabika Hill, a stranded boat whose bow is the Alcazaba. It is in this bow and specifically in side of Homage Tower, where we located a large group of graffiti, mostly ships, which are the subject of our study. We believe they were made by prisoners, perhaps some of them British, housed in this space during the XVIII-XIX” centuries.

KEY WORDS: Prison, Homage Tower, graffiti, ships, pingue, British prisoners, Island of Minorca.
Una fundación de doña María de Silva y Toledo (1494-1544): La obra tardogótica y los maestros del monasterio de clarisas de Medinaceli
Authors: Romero Medina Raúl
Published: December 2016

María de Silva y Toledo, duquesa de Medinaceli, fundó un monasterio de monjas de Santa Clara en la villa de Medinaceli en 1528. Para su construcción la duquesa contó con conocidos maestros entre los que se encuentran Juan Vélez, Alonso de Covarrubias y Juan de Carasa, figuras importantes para comprender la evolución de las formas tardogóticas a las renacentistas en Castilla. El presente trabajo analiza la fundación del monasterio y valora el proceso de ejecución de la obra en el contexto arquitectónico del momento.
Escultores de oro y plata. En torno a la estimación del arte de la platería en España en el siglo XVI
Authors: Herráez Ortega María Victoria
Published: December 2016

La división establecida en el siglo XVIII entre artes mayores y artes menores aún se mantiene en gran parte de la historiografía artística y ha provocado una visión distorsionada de la realidad. Existe una conciencia generalizada de superioridad de unas artes frente a otras, que ya no se califican de menores pero que seguimos empeñados en meter en un mismo cajón de sastre para el que aún no hemos encontrado una etiqueta plenamente satisfactoria. Sin embargo, éste no era el criterio predominante en el siglo XVI, por lo que en este artículo tratamos de hacer memoria y de aproximarnos al conocimiento de la estimación del arte de la platería en la España de la decimosexta centuria, a través de un breve análisis de la valoración profesional del platero en tres niveles diferentes: el teórico, que es el de los tratados; el jurídico, que es el de la normativa legal y las ejecutorias ganadas en pleitos, y el del desarrollo cotidiano de su actividad.
La obra artística de Arcadio Blasco en Extremadura
Authors: Bazán de Huerta Moisés , Centellas Soler Miguel
Published: December 2016

Arcadio Blasco (1928-2013) es un polifacético artista con una trayectoria muy consolidada en el arte contemporáneo español. Destacan en ella los murales y esculturas cerámicas, con amplia proyección pública, y sus grandes vidrieras en colaboración con diversos arquitectos. Su estilo abstracto es muy innovador y creativo.

Hasta ahora no se había estudiado su valiosa aportación en Extremadura.  Intervino en bastantes iglesias promovidas por el Instituto Nacional de Colonización, renovando la plástica religiosa de la zona. Para ellas creó murales cerámicos, mosaicos, pirograbados y vidrieras. Pero también tuvo encargos de colegios e instituciones públicas. El estudio analiza dichos trabajos y permite comprobar la versatilidad de su obra y su acusada personalidad, alternando la figuración con la abstracción.

 
Recensiones
Authors: Teijeira Pablos María Dolores
Published: December 2016

Recensiones
Música y juventud en la primera mitad del siglo XVII español a través de la novela picaresca = Music and youth in the first half of the 17th Spanish century through picaresque novel
Authors: Bejarano Pellicer Clara
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo se pregunta qué funciones desempeñaba la música entre los jóvenes de la primera mitad del siglo XVII en España, haciendo hincapié en sus aplicaciones en el contexto de las relaciones entre los sexos. La novela picaresca española puede apuntar indicaciones sobre cuál era la relación entre la música y la juventud en ese período, y en qué medida esta relación se debe a las características psicológicas de la edad o al contexto social en que tiene lugar.

This paper wants to know which roles music played for youth in the first half of XVIIth century Spain,
focusing on its application in the context of relationship between men and women. Spanish picaresque
can point ways of which was the relationship between music and youth in that period, and how much
this relationship is caused by psycological characteristics of youth or the social context.
El personaje de Grace en "Dogville" de Lars von Trier: continuidad y ruptura con los modelos de la tragedia clásica = The character of Grace in "Dogville" by Lars von Trier: continuity and breakup with the classic tragedy models
Authors: Breviatti Álvarez Jara
Published: December 2016

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el personaje de Grace en "Dogville" de Lars von Trier en relación
con las heroínas de la tragedia griega clásica. Desde esta perspectiva se observan las similitudes existentes
entre el personaje fílmico y los modelos clásicos al tiempo que se constatan las características
específicas y diferenciadoras de esta heroína moderna.

The aim of this paper is to study the character of Grace in Lars von Trier’s Dogville in relation with the
heroines of Ancient Greek tragedy. From this perspective, the similarities between the filmic character
and the classic models are observed while the specific and distinctive characteristics of this modern
heroine are confirmed.
Key words: Dogville, Grace, women, Greek Tragedy
 
El uso de la lengua en los chistes. Ejemplificación de la teoría de Freud = The use of language in jokes. Exemplification of Freud's theory
Authors: Serrano Serrano Joaquin
Published: December 2016

A través de la ejemplificación -con muchas decenas de chistes- de la teoría de Sigmund Freud sobre las
técnicas del chiste, este trabajo es una muestra más de la riqueza de nuestra lengua. Unas veces, con los chistes verbales y otras, con los intelectuales, el lector puede reflexionar sobre cómo la lengua logra reflejar las mil caras de la comunicación humana: el humor, la ironía, la burla, la crítica, la guasa, el doble sentido, el juego fonético o morfológico. Facetas todas ellas que pretenden a veces el mero pasatiempo, a menudo la descarga de tensión o la crítica de situaciones sociales, políticas, humanas. Y al final, un pequeño apartado sobre la risa y el placer que produce el chiste, eje sobre el que gira todo el trabajo.

By means of the exemplification -with a spate of examples- of Freud’s analysis of jokes, this article is further evidence of the richness of the Spanish language. With the inclusion of both verbal and intellectual jokes, the reader will come to realize how language succeeds in reflecting the numerous sides of human communication: sense of humour, irony, mockery, criticism, double entendres and puns. Jokes are sometimes used as a mere pastime but they often bring about a release of tension and involve the criticism of social, political and human situations. At the end of this article the reader will find a brief section devoted to laughter and the pleasure that jokes provide. The latter is the topic around which the whole article revolves.
F. Cueto, J. González y M. de Vega. Psicología del lenguaje. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2015
Authors: Álvarez García Esther
Published: December 2016

Reseña del libro Psicología del lenguaje (Cuetos, González y de Vega 2015), en el que se abordan los temas más importantes e interesantes de la psicolingüística actual.
La Historia en el teatro de Ernesto Caballero
Authors: Doménech Rico Fernando
Published: December 2016

Ernesto Caballero, uno de los dramaturgos más importantes de la generación del cambio de siglo, ha desarrollado a lo largo de su carrera un tipo de teatro histórico que se caracteriza por su variedad formal y por la coherencia de su visión de la Historia como un relato de los oprimidos y de los olvidados por el discurso del poder.

Ernesto Caballero, one of the most important playwrights of the generation of turn of the century, has developed throughout his career a type of historic theater that is characterized by its formal variety and consistency of his vision of history as a story of the oppressed and forgotten by the discourse of power.
Teatro español actual e historiografía teatral = Contemporary Spanish drama and theatrical historiography
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Manuel
Published: December 2016

Partiendo de la visión deparada por algunos de los remarcables tratados que, de manera extensa, han abordado nuestro objeto de estudio, realizamos una sistematización de las obras que conforman los nuevos dominios estéticos del teatro español actual, en los cuales se sustenta la entidad estética del presente período teatral. De manera concreta, consideramos el panorama estético de nuestros días conformado por los siguientes dominios: Teatro Asunto, Teatro Imagen, Teatro Verbo y Teatro de Culminación.

From some relevant sources, this work traces an approach to present Spanish Drama and proposes a systematization of the new aesthetic domains through the fictional models observed in their respective sets of representative plays.
Ejercicios de caligrafía teatral para escribir una escena imprevisible y disconforme. Rodrigo García (1987-1997) = Theatrical calligraphy exercises to write an unpredictable and discordant scene. Rodrigo García (1987-1997)
Authors: Puchades Hernández Xavier
Published: December 2016

 

Una etapa bastante desatendida en la trayectoria de Rodrigo García comprende desde su llegada a España hasta su incipiente proyección internacional. A partir de  documentos de ese periodo, este estudio revisa sus primeras reflexiones teatrales, las diversas estrategias aplicadas a su escritura y puesta en escena, así como los referentes interdisciplinares que han ido conformando su universo escénico.

 

 

 

A stage rather neglected in Rodrigo García’s trajectory comprises from his arrival in Spain until his emerging international outreach. Using documents of that period, this research reviews his first theatrical reflections, the various strategies applied to his writing and staging, as well as interdisciplinary references that have shaped his scenic universe.

 
Hacia una retórica y una poética del silencio
Authors: Ramírez Rave Juan Manuel
Published: December 2016

The following assay presents an rhetoric examination and the poetics of silence, from a perspective that assumes the rhetoric as those procedures and methods used by the author to write and hear the silence in his authorship,while it seeking to demostrate that the poetics of silence goes beyond further on the language that appears in the writing of some rhetorical or grammatical resources. In this sense, poetry is presented as the very source of flowing writing, as a conscious act, a necesity to write what can not be said.
Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Rakesh K Gorea
Authors: Gorea RK
Published: December 2016

From Editor’s Desk
It is a matter of great satisfaction that 2nd issue of the International Journal of Ethics, Trauma & Victimology is presented to you at the stipulated time with enhanced features adding value to the quality of the journal.
This journal has been allotted ISSN numbers, both for the print version and online version. Online version of the journal is now available at http://www.myresearchjournals.com/index.php/IJETV/ & at http://www.ethicstraumavictimology.org/
Now all the articles published in this paper have been allotted DOI so it will be easy to retrieve all the papers published in this journal.
This journal is now indexed with Citefactor.
I will like to appreciate the hard work done by our editors and reviewers to give you the quality papers related to the aims of the journal.
I will like to thank the authors who have chosen this journal to share their research and knowledge through this journal.
I will fail in my duty if do not thank the members of SPIC for their continuous support. I also take this opportunity to thank Mr. Greesh Bshal for helping to make this journal online at researchjournals.com and Mac Ming & Coldwell Human Resources for advertising in this journal.
Potential Role of Liposomes for the Delivery of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors to Erythrocytes for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bowles Elizabeth A , Ercal Nuran , Sprague Randy S
Published: December 2016

Human erythrocytes participate in the regulation of vascular diameter in the microcirculation through the controlled release of the vasodilator adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in response to physiological stimuli, including exposure to low oxygen tension as occurs in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle.  The localized release of this vasodilator has been suggested to be an important mechanism for matching perfusion (oxygen delivery) with need in this tissue.  However, in certain diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (DM2), the ability of erythrocytes to release ATP in response to this stimulus is severely compromised.  This defect in erythrocyte physiology could contribute to impairment of vasodilation in the peripheral circulation leading to vascular insufficiency and delayed wound healing.  It has been shown that inhibitors of specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can augment low oxygen-induced ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with DM2.  However, these drugs are associated with serious side effects that limit their use in clinical medicine. 

            Here we summarize the evidence in support of the hypothesis that delivery of PDE3 inhibitors encapsulated in liposomes to erythrocytes could provide a new approach for the treatment of DM2.  In addition we report that inhibitors of PDE5 can also rescue low oxygen-induced ATP release from DM2 erythrocytes making this class of drugs another that could be targeted to erythrocytes.  
3D knee kinematics variability pre-operation versus post-operation in adolescence with Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury using functional principle component analysis
Authors: Ayoubian Leila
Published: December 2016

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in adolescents have increased in the past decade. The goal of ACL reconstructive surgery is to restore knee stability, however apart from subjective manual testing, there is no objective method to assess the impact of the treatment on knee stability. In clinical biomechanics, decreased variability in three dimensional (3D) kinematic angles can be associated with increased stability of the joint in performing a movement. Typically, the study of variability of 3D knee kinematics proceeds by reducing what are intrinsically functional responses to a single discrete measurement (e.g. peak flexion angle). As a result, many potentially informative data is ignored.

Aim: Prospective gait variability analysis pre- and 6 months post- ACL reconstructive surgery in adolescence patients using Principle Component Analysis (FPCA).  

Method: FPCA is a multivariate statistical data analysis technique that focuses on treating an entire dataset as functions. Twenty eight ACL adolescent patients pre- and post-operation walked on a treadmill and the 3D knee kinematics were collected (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation angles). Functional Principle Component (FPCs) scores of the angle data were extracted to compare variability in gait. Repeated measures of ANOVA and box plots on FPC scores provided evidence of significant difference with decreased variability post-operation for both within-group and within-patients studies.

Conclusion:

Variability in the 3D knee kinematics have been significantly reduced six months post- versus pre-operation. The proposed functional objective assessment method suggests that ACL reconstructive surgery increases joint stability during walking in adolescents.
Postoperative Management of Crohn’s Disease: What Can We Do to Prevent Recurrence?
Authors: Olariu Adriana Georgiana , Bordeianou Liliana
Published: December 2016

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a relapsing, remitting course.  Approximately one in four CD patients requires surgery within five years of diagnosis. Unfortunately, surgery is rarely curative and up to 70% of CD patients experience endoscopic recurrence and 40% have clinical disease recurrence within 18 months after surgery.

 

This review is aimed at providing internists and gastroenterologists a foundation for the management of patients who underwent ileocecal resection for CD. We provide an overview of the current definitions of postoperative recurrence and prognostic factors for postoperative CD recurrence. As recent studies raised concerns about the value of these factors, we examine the evidence behind the current risk stratification algorithm and pharmacologic treatment recommendations. Lastly, we discuss future directions for research.
Medicine Quality: the harder you look the worse it gets
Authors: Bate Roger
Published: December 2016

The Minilab protocol is an excellent method of identifying falsified medicines, and two per cent (18 out of 899 samples) were falsified. However, as the data in this paper show, it considerably underestimates (by roughly 4.5%) the amount of substandard medicines in the market (roughly 12 per cent), especially among medicines made by Indian companies. In addition to considerable patient death, substandard antimicrobial medicines are likely to drive drug resistance. Policymakers should redouble efforts to identify and combat such medicines.
The use of a pedicalised gallbladder graft to repair a large duodenal defect: a case report and review of the literature.
Authors: Wijeratne Anoja , Gani Jonathon
Published: December 2016

Large or complex duodenal defects are uncommon but can arise in a variety of clinical contexts and present a technical challenge to manage. We present the case of severe necrotising pancreatitis complicated by necrosis of the distal stomach and proximal duodenum. The resulting large duodenal defect was not amenable to closure with conventional methods but was successfully repaired with a novel technique of cholecystoduodenoplasty. To our knowledge, successful repair of a large duodenal defect using the gallbladder as a full thickness pedicled graft for acute duodenal necrosis has not been previously described in the literature.
Using Dense SNPs and Large Families to Reduce Sequencing Costs
Authors: Stewart William
Published: December 2016

For modern linkage studies involving many small families, Stewart et al. (2009)[1] introduced an efficient estimator of disease gene location (denoted ) that averages location estimates from random subsamples of the dense SNP data. Their estimator has lower mean squared error than competing estimators and yields narrower confidence intervals (CIs) as well. However, when the number of families is small and the pedigree structure is large (possibly extended), the computational feasibility and statistical properties of  are not known. We use simulation and real data to show that (1) for this extremely important but often overlooked study design, CIs based on  are narrower than CIs based on a single subsample, and (2) the reduction in CI length is proportional to the square root of the expected Monte Carlo error. As a proof of principle, we applied  to the dense SNP data of four large, extended, specific language impairment (SLI) pedigrees, and reduced the single subsample CI by 18%. In summary, confidence intervals based on  should minimize re-sequencing costs beneath linkage peaks, and reduce the number of candidate genes to investigate.
Sergio Valerio Ulloa, Los barcelonnettes en Guadalajara, siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Lizama Silva Gladys
Published: December 2016

No tiene resumen.
El sentido de la justicia en Desgracia. La empatía como puente entre el derecho y la literatura
Authors: Baum Erica
Published: December 2016

En este trabajo exploro cómo se ha construido el sentido de la justicia en la obra literaria Desgracia, publicada en el año 1999 por el escritor sudafricano John Maxwell Coetzee, premio Nobel de literatura 2003. Mi propósito es hacer visibles distintos niveles de juicio dentro del texto: ético, moral y jurídico. Para ello, tendré en cuenta una perspectiva cognitivista de la justicia y de las emociones; es decir que considera al sujeto, objeto de juzgamiento, como un ser autónomamente moral, capaz de realizar juicios de valor sobre sus propios sentimientos y de tomar decisiones cruciales para la vida en sociedad.
El rol de los órganos de la Función judicial a la luz de la vigente Constitución política del Estado
Authors: Andrade Ubidia Santiago
Published: December 2016

Entendido a cabalidad el rol de cada uno de los órganos, la administración de justicia marchará en mejor forma y contribuirá efectivamente a que el Ecuador sea un Estado más justo. Cada uno de los órganos de la Función Judicial está llamado a cumplir con el papel que les ha asignado la Constitución Política del Estado.
La unidad jurisdiccional
Authors: Zavala Egas Jorge
Published: December 2016

El principio de unidad jurisdiccional requiere que cualesquiera que sean las personas y el Derecho material aplicable, sean los Juzgados y Tribunales integrados en el Poder Judicial y provistos, por ende, de un mismo status quienes ejerzan la potestad jurisdiccional.
Las Constituciones del Ecuador
Authors: Quevedo Juan M.
Published: December 2016

Ecuador tiene un número impresionante de Cartas Políticas Si fueran más simples y menos reglamentarias, tendrían más raigambre y la ciudadanía las conocería y respetaría.
La solución alternativa de conflictos y los derechos de autor
Authors: Galindo Cardona Álvaro
Published: December 2016

Las alternativas para solucionar conflictos, como la mediación, la conciliación, el arbitraje y la evaluación neutral de casos son opciones colaborativas para solucionar las controversias que se presentan en esta materia. Las legislaciones nacionales y los organismos internacionales han prestado atención al desarrollo de vías pacíficas para solucionar los problemas que se presentan en la materia autoral. Así, ha habido avance y profundización de estudio en la gama de opciones que se presentan para abordar las diferencias, a través de la negociación, la mediación, el arbitraje, o sistemas híbridos, como la mediación-arbitraje o la evaluación neutral de casos.
Reflexiones en torno al concepto contemporáneo de la democracia
Authors: Pérez Ordóñez Diego
Published: December 2016

Con seguridad la palabra “democracia” es de las más usadas del diccionario. Sin embargo, su concepto ha evolucionado desde la democracia ateniense, eminentemente participativa, hasta la contemporánea, de características representativas. La discusión sobre la efectividad de la democracia, como el menos malo de los sistemas políticos, gira en tomo a sus ingredientes: elecciones Ubres, adecuados niveles de representación, participación y fiscalización ciudadana, por citar solamente algunos.
La telaraña legal (Primera parte)
Authors: Hidalgo López Luis
Published: December 2016

La normativa constituye una expresión del derecho, esto es una ordenación recta, un orden jurídico que unifica lo múltiple, manifestado en un conjunto de normas coherentes de la conducta humana tendiente a procurar la realización de la justicia y, en su accionar, de la paz institucional y social.
Algunas consideraciones sobre la confesión judicial
Authors: Robalino Javier
Published: December 2016

Hay algunas falencias en el proceso de confesión judicial, que reducen la eficacia de esta prueba, en especial en las limitaciones que tiene el juez para completar el interrogatorio o realizar nuevas preguntas.Para iniciar este análisis sobre la confesión judicial es necesario ubicar a la confesión dentro de las pruebas denominadas testimonios o testimoniales. El testimonio humano, a decir de Hernando Devis Echandía, es básicamente el que proviene de terceros como de las partes del proceso, y pertenece a las clases de pruebas personales, históricas y representativas.La doctrina generalmente ha distinguido la declaración de testigos o simple testimonio de la confesión. El testimonio sería la declaración que hacen los terceros no involucrados directamente en una controversia. La confesión sería la declaración que sobre un asunto determinado hacen las partes de un proceso. Haremos algunas precisiones sobre esta afirmación de Devis Echandía.
Improving non-invasive detection of prostate cancer using diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Leech Michelle , Gaffney John , Marignol Laure
Published: December 2016

Prostate cancer represents 11% of all cancers in the European Union and 9% of all cancer deaths. Standard MRI for prostate cancer includes high-resolution T2-weighted images, which allow for the assessment of the prostate and the tumour, as tumours arising from the peripheral zone appear dark compared to the expected normally bright peripheral gland tissue. Over the past number of years, the application of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) has progressed to include both diagnostic and prognostic roles in oncology. DW-MRI images should be analysed together with the T2-weighted images and the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct for relevant journal articles and reviews published up until April 2015 using the search terms “functional MRI” OR “multiparametric MRI” OR “MRSI” AND “diagnosis” AND “prostate cancer” OR “prostate”. The literature indicates that DW-MRI is an important parameter in the identification of prostate cancer. It has the ability to improve sensitivity and specificity, relative to T2-weighted images alone, and has been demonstrated to correlate with tumour grade.
Biochemical pathways and targeted therapies in basal cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Tran Bao Anh Patrick , Alexander Tiffany , Somani Ally-Khan
Published: December 2016

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human malignancy. It is a slow-growing skin cancer with little ability to metastasize, but it is aggressive and can cause local tissue destruction. Descriptions of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS), characterized by a predisposition to the formation of BCC and other neoplasms, and identification of the genetic defect in this syndrome, has led to significant advancement in our understanding of the pathogenesis of BCC. Unregulated expression of target genes in the sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of BCC. An understanding of the signaling components has allowed for the development of pharmacologic agents that inhibit the SHH pathway. The first inhibitor of the SHH pathway approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of BCC is vismodegib. In this review, we will discuss the biochemical pathways involved in BCC as targets of novel pharmacologic therapies.
Necrobiosis lipoidica treated with intense pulsed light
Authors: Da Cunha Marisa Gonzaga , Rezende Flavia Cury , Da Cunha Ana Lúcia Gonzaga , Machado Filho Carlos D'Apparecida
Published: December 2016

Necrobiosis Lipoidica (NL) is a chronic degenerative disease of the collagen with higher incidence on the anterior part of lower extremities, especially the tibial area. There were a number of proposed treatments, but none is 100% effective. We present a case of a fifty-year-old female patient with a suspected diagnosis of necrobiosis    lipoidica, confirmed by histopathological examination. After two years of treatment with topical corticosteroids and weekly applications of Psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA), there were no signs of improvement and we  decided to perform a treatment with intense pulsed light therapy. Over a period of 14 months, a total of 13 sessions were carried out and a satisfactory treatment result was obtained.
Mean Stable Warfarin Doses Versus CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A Genotypes in Sudanese Population
Authors: Swar Aldahab Azza A. M. H. , Elkhawad Abdalla O. , Elsayed Ahmed S. A. , Eltahir Hanan B.
Published: December 2016

Warfarin is a potent anticoagulant with a confirmed effectiveness when anticoagulation targets are attained, an issue, that is troublesome to reach due to the fact that warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), that means they have a narrow window between their effective doses and those at which they produce adverse toxic effects. However, oral anticoagulation throughout genetics recommended a genotype guided dosing, but is it favourable over clinical based dosing? Objectives: To analyze the mean stable warfarin doses attained clinically within CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A wild-type and variant genotype status in Sudanese patients. Method: Genotyping for the CYP2C9*2 and VKORC1-1639G>A polymorphisms were accomplished with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique. The mean stable warfarin dose per genotype was defined as the mean stable warfarin dose related to the stable INR within target range within a genotype of each of CYP2C9*2 or VKORC11639G> Agenes, using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as the statistical method. Results: Fifty-three stable patients with wild-type CYP2C9*1*1 genotype had a mean stable warfarin dose of 4.9 ± 2.1 mg, 5 patients who were heterozygous CYP2C9*1*2 genotype, had a mean stable warfarin dose of 5.0 ± 0.71mg, and 2 patients were homozygous mutant CYP2CP*2*2 genotype had a mean stable warfarin dose of 4.8 ± 0.3 mg. The results were statistically insignificant, P = 0.992.Sixteen unstable patients were of wild-type CYP2C9*1*1 genotype, 40 patients with heterozygous CYP2C9*1*2 genotype, and 4 with homozygous mutant CYP2CP*2*2 genotype, had mean stable doses of 5.32 ± 2.9, 6.5 ± 2.7 and 4.5 ± 0.71 mg respectively. The result was statistically insignificant, P = 0.508. Fifty-two stable patients were having wild-type VKORC1G/G genotype, 3 patients had heterozygous VKORC1G/A genotype and 3 patients had homozygous mutant VKORC1/AA genotype, these patients had mean stable doses of 5.41 ± 1.63, 4.8 ± 2.19 and 5.4 ± 0.99 mg respectively. The mean warfarin stable dose among homozygous mutant VKORC1A/A genotype was lower than among wild-type and heterozygous genotype profiles. This result was statistically not significant, P = 0.729.In the unstable group, 8 patients of wild-type VKORC1G/G genotype, had a mean stable warfarin dose of 7.34 ± 3.9 mg, 40 patients of heterozygous VKORC1G/A genotype had a mean stable warfarin dose of 5.21 ± 2.76 mg, and 10 patients of homozygous VKORC1A/A genotype had a mean stable warfarin dose of 4.3 ± 1.83 mg. The result was statistically insignificant, P = 0.067.Conclusion: In our study, as there were no significant differences between warfarin mean stable doses related to different CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A genotypes, the evidence is not satisfactory to conclude that the conventional use of genotype guided warfarin dosing will correct stable warfarin dose among Sudanese patients.
PRÁTICAS ESPACIAIS E USOS NOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS DAS PRAÇAS EM CAPITAIS DA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL BRASILEIRA: OS CASOS DE BELÉM E MACAPÁ
Authors: Silva Olavo Fagundes da
Published: December 2016

As cidades da Amazônia brasileira e mais especificamente duas capitais de sua porção oriental, Belém e Macapá, compartilham das mesmas águas da grande foz do Amazonas, mas também de novas dinâmicas espaciais urbanas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, avaliar e caracterizar as práticas espaciais em três praças na cidade de Belém e três praças na cidade de Macapá. Objetivou ainda, apontar elementos de estudo que pudessem servir como suporte à decisão no planejamento e desenvolvimento de políticas voltadas para a melhoria desses espaços públicos. A partir do estudo de três praças na cidade de Belém-PA e três na cidade de Macapá-AP, este trabalho avaliou a frequência de visitação e os usos desses espaços públicos no cotidiano. A coleta de dados e informações foi realizada a partir da abordagem de 102 frequentadores e através de registro fotográfico e de informações que denotassem os usos das praças. O trabalho resultou numa avaliação da frequência de visitação e tipificação dos usos dos lugares pesquisados, apontando práticas espaciais preponderantemente dominadas por atividades e grupos específicos. Esses grupos organizados reúnem-se quase sempre em determinados horários e dias da semana e ratificam forte comprometimento com os espaços públicos nas cidades alvo do estudo