bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Police Attitudes Toward Intervention in Gender Violence: the Role of Training, Perceived Severity, and Myths About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women
Authors: Serrano-Montilla Celia , Garrido-Macías Marta , Sáez-Díaz Javier , Sáez Gemma
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Even though evidence has broadly confirmed that public attitudes toward intervention shape the decision-making process when dealing with IPVAW events, rather less is known about what determines the police decision-making process. Research support that police attitudes toward intervention in IPVAW explain differences when police officers response to IPVAW events. This research analyzes the combined role of IPVAW myths, perceived severity, and IPVAW training in reactive (tolerance for IPVAW and minimal police involvement) and proactive (important police task and pro-arrest) police attitudes toward intervention in gender violence.

Methods

Drawing from snowball sampling, we collected responses of 211 Spanish police officers via online subject-recruitment platform.

Results

The main findings of our study confirmed that IPVAW myths lead to less proactive attitudes toward intervention both directly and through a reduction in the perceived severity of IPVAW. Importantly, we found a moderating role of IPVAW training, suggesting that the endorsement of IPVAW myths leads to less proactive responses, but only for untrained police officers.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the importance of IPVAW training on police proactive attitudes toward intervention via IPVAW myths instead of perceived severity. Police training programs to both novice and experienced officers should be focused on confronting IPVAW myths in order to improve police perception, evaluation and involvement in gender violence events.
Properties of PLA-co-PBSu Copolymers Rapidly Synthesized by Reactive Processing
Authors: Terzopoulou Zoi , Zamboulis Alexandra , Bikiaris Nikolaos D. , Margellou Antigoni , Valera Miguel Angel , Mangas Ana , Koltsakidis Savvas , Tsongas Konstantinos , Tzetzis Dimitrios , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos
Published: July 2023

This work describes the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) by the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide in the presence of oligo(butylene succinate) with two different molecular weights (Mn = 6100 and 16300 g/mol) as a macroinitiator during reactive processing. The macroinitiators were added in concentrations 1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% in respect to the L-lactide mass in the premix. The properties of the received copolymers were extensively studied with spectroscopic techniques, GPC, DSC, XRD, TGA as well as nanoindentation. Blocky copolymers were received with number average molecular weights ranging from 30 to 100 kg/mol, which decreased with increasing the PBSu content in the feed. The introduction of the flexible PBSu chains decreased the single glass transition detected, while DSC and XRD gave indications that both components crystallized in the copolymers with PBSu premix content > 5 wt%. Thermal stability was maintained and depended on the composition and molecular weight. Nanoindentation showed that despite the decreasing trend of hardness and elastic modulus with increasing PBSu content, the PLA-PBSu 2.5% copolymers had simultaneously higher elasticity modulus and strength compared to the other compositions, possibly because of a complementary effect of their high molecular weight and crystallinity. These copolymers were promising for production with continuous reactive extrusion, a novel, fast and economically viable method to commercially produce PLA-based polymers.
Duality Method for Multidimensional Nonsmooth Constrained Linear Convex Stochastic Control
Authors: Vega Engel John C. Dela , Zheng Harry
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we discuss a general multidimensional linear convex stochastic control problem with nondifferentiable objective function, control constraints, and random coefficients. We formulate an equivalent dual problem, prove the dual stochastic maximum principle and the relation of the optimal control, optimal state, and adjoint processes between primal and dual problems, and illustrate the usefulness of the dual approach with some examples.
FAC-fed: Federated adaptation for fairness and concept drift aware stream classification
Authors: Badar Maryam , Nejdl Wolfgang , Fisichella Marco
Published: July 2023

Federated learning is an emerging collaborative learning paradigm of Machine learning involving distributed and heterogeneous clients. Enormous collections of continuously arriving heterogeneous data residing on distributed clients require federated adaptation of efficient mining algorithms to enable fair and high-quality predictions with privacy guarantees and minimal response delay. In this context, we propose a federated adaptation that mitigates discrimination embedded in the streaming data while handling concept drifts (FAC-Fed). We present a novel adaptive data augmentation method that mitigates client-side discrimination embedded in the data during optimization, resulting in an optimized and fair centralized server. Extensive experiments on a set of publicly available streaming and static datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt towards fairness-aware federated adaptation for stream classification, therefore, to prove the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art, we compare the centralized version of our proposed method with three centralized stream classification baseline models (FABBOO, FAHT, CSMOTE). The experimental results show that our method outperforms the current methods in terms of both discrimination mitigation and predictive performance.
On the Global Minimum of the Energy–Momentum Relation for the Polaron
Authors: Lampart Jonas , Mitrouskas David , Myśliwy Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

For the Fröhlich model of the large polaron, we prove that the ground state energy as a function of the total momentum has a unique global minimum at momentum zero. This implies the non-existence of a ground state of the translation invariant Fröhlich Hamiltonian and thus excludes the possibility of a localization transition at finite coupling.
Generalized multiple scale approach to the problem of a taut string traveled by a single force
Authors: Ferretti Manuel , Di Nino Simona , Luongo Angelo
Published: July 2023

The strongly nonlinear dynamics of taut strings, traveled by a force moving with uniform velocity, is analyzed. A change of variable is performed, which recasts the equations of motion in terms of a linearized dynamic displacement, measured from the nonlinear quasi-static response. Under the hypothesis the load velocity is far enough from the celerity of the string, the system appears in the form of linear PDEs whose coefficients are slowly variable in time. Since the classic perturbation methods are not applicable to such kind of equations, the Generalized Method of Multiple Scales is developed, by directly attacking the PDEs, to derive asymptotic solutions. The validity of the analytical predictions is assessed by comparisons with numerical simulations, aimed to prove the accuracy of (1) linearization, and (2) the asymptotic approach.
Bankruptcy in groups
Authors: Beaver William H. , Cascino Stefano , Correia Maria , McNichols Maureen F.
Published: July 2023

We examine bankruptcy within business groups. Groups have incentives to support financially distressed subsidiaries, as the bankruptcy of a subsidiary may impose severe costs on the group as a whole. This is in part because, in several countries, bankruptcy courts often “pierce the corporate veil” and hold groups liable for their distressed subsidiaries’ obligations as if they were their own. Using a large cross-country sample of group-affiliated firms, we show that, by reallocating resources within the corporate structure, business groups actively manage intra-group credit risk to prevent costly within-group insolvencies. Moreover, we document that recent regulatory changes in the approval and disclosure of related party transactions are costly for business groups in that they constrain their ability to shield their subsidiaries from credit-risk shocks. Our study informs the current regulatory debate on related party transactions by highlighting an important cost of anti-self-dealing regulation.
The importance of individual-pair lending relationships
Authors: Even-Tov Omri , Li Xinlei , Wang Hui , Williams Christopher
Published: July 2023

We examine the significance and uniqueness of individual-pair relationships cultivated through repeated loan interactions. Using a hand-collected dataset compiled of borrowing manager and loan officer information, we find that individual-pair relationship loans are associated with a cost-of-debt reduction of between seven to 13 basis points. We also document that the relationship has an economic impact even when other affiliations, for example, institutional pairs, social ties, cultural proximity, and gender, are considered. Individual-pair relationships matter because they furnish lenders with useful soft information, especially when the firm has a poor hard information environment or when the bank and loan officer rely less on hard information. In addition, we find that individual-pair relationship loans have fewer rating downgrades, suggesting that accumulated soft information leads to better loan quality. Collectively, our results highlight the unique value of sustained professional engagement between two individuals in the lending process.
A hyperintensional approach to positive epistemic possibility
Authors: Rossi Niccolò , Özgün Aybüke
Published: July 2023

The received view says that possibility is the dual of necessity: a proposition is (metaphysically, logically, epistemically etc.) possible iff it is not the case that its negation is (metaphysically, logically, epistemically etc., respectively) necessary. This reading is usually taken for granted by modal logicians and indeed seems plausible when dealing with logical or metaphysical possibility. But what about epistemic possibility? We argue that the dual definition of epistemic possibility in terms of epistemic necessity generates tensionwhen reasoning about non-idealized agentsand is a problem of concern for mosthyperintensionalepistemic logics that alleviate the problem of logical omniscience. The tension is particularly evident when knowledge is taken as a primitive to define other epistemic concepts, such as justification and belief, as done in the knowledge-first tradition. We propose a non-dual interpretation of epistemic possibility, employing a hyperintensionality filter similar to the one that makes the corresponding epistemic necessity operator hyperintensional. We employ the proposed semantics to model Stalnaker’s belief as epistemic possibility of knowledge and provide a sound and complete axiomatization for a hyperintensional version of his bimodal logic of knowledge and belief.
Effects of variable resistance training versus conventional resistance training on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review
Authors: Fuentes-García Miguel Angel , Malchrowicz-Mośko Ewa , Castañeda-Babarro Arkaitz
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Various training factors in combination with high intensity methodologies and techniques have been extensively investigated, with the intention of increasing anabolic, endocrine responses and subsequent structural adaptations. Variable resistance training allows the demands of an exercise to be matched to the muscle’s ability to exert force. The aim of this article is to examine whether variable resistance training produces significant gains in muscle mass compared to conventional resistance training.

Methods

A literature search was performed via PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus with search terms including “variable resistance”, “accommodating resistance”, “flywheel resistance”, “bands resistance”, “eccentric overloading resistance”, “isokinetic resistance”, “elastic resistance”, “variable cam”, “chain loaded resistance training”, “hypertrophy”, “resistance training”, strength training” and “power training” in July 2023. Inclusion criteria were studies that measured direct data related to muscle hypertrophy, compared variable resistance training and conventional resistance training and measured body composition using tape measures, ultrasound, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging and bioimpedance metres.

Results

Our search identified a total of 528 articles, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the studies analysed show that similar improvements occur, with no significant differences between the two training protocols.

Conclusion

This systematic review revealed that variable resistance training does not produce a greater gain in muscle mass compared to conventional training over a short–medium period of time and with untrained subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to compare these two training methods over longer training periods and with subjects with more experience in resistance training.
Pan-primate studies of age and sex
Authors: Horvath Steve , Haghani Amin , Zoller Joseph A. , Lu Ake T. , Ernst Jason , Pellegrini Matteo , Jasinska Anna J. , Mattison Julie A. , Salmon Adam B. , Raj Ken , Horvath Markus , Paul Kimberly C. , Ritz Beate R. , Robeck Todd R. , Spriggs Maria , Ehmke Erin E. , Jenkins Susan , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W.
Published: July 2023

Age and sex have a profound effect on cytosine methylation levels in humans and many other species. Here we analyzed DNA methylation profiles of 2400 tissues derived from 37 primate species including 11 haplorhine species (baboons, marmosets, vervets, rhesus macaque, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutan, humans) and 26 strepsirrhine species (suborders Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes). From these we present here, pan-primate epigenetic clocks which are highly accurate for all primates including humans (age correlation R = 0.98). We also carried out in-depth analysis of baboon DNA methylation profiles and generated five epigenetic clocks for baboons (Olive-yellow baboon hybrid), one of which, the pan-tissue epigenetic clock, was trained on seven tissue types (fetal cerebral cortex, adult cerebral cortex, cerebellum, adipose, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) with ages ranging from late fetal life to 22.8 years of age. Using the primate data, we characterize the effect of age and sex on individual cytosines in highly conserved regions. We identify 11 sex-related CpGs on autosomes near genes (POU3F2, CDYL, MYCL, FBXL4, ZC3H10, ZXDC, RRAS, FAM217A, RBM39, GRIA2, UHRF2). Low overlap can be observed between age- and sex-related CpGs. Overall, this study advances our understanding of conserved age- and sex-related epigenetic changes in primates, and provides biomarkers of aging for all primates.
Mobile augmented reality supporting families’ immersive collaborative learning: Learning-on-the-move for place-based geoscience sense-making
Authors: Zimmerman Heather Toomey , Land Susan M. , Faimon Lillyanna , Chiu Yu-Chen
Published: July 2023

We investigated how families experienced immersion as they collaboratively made sense of geologic time and geoscience processes during a place-based, learning-on-the-move (LOTM) experience mediated by a mobile augmented reality (MAR) app. Our team developed an MAR app, Time Explorers, that focused on how rock-water interactions shaped Appalachia over millions of years. Data were collected at the Children’s Garden at the Arboretum at Penn State. Data sources were videos of app usage, point-of-view camera recordings with audio capturing family conversations, and interviews from 17 families (51 people). The analytical technique was interaction analysis, in which episodes of family sense-making were identified and developed into qualitative vignettes focused on how immersion did or did not support learning about geoscience and geologic time. We analyzed how design elements supported sensory, actional, narrative, and social immersion through photo-taking, discussion prompts, and augmented reality visualizations. Findings showed that sensory and social immersion supported sense-making conversations and observational inquiry, while narrative and actional immersion supported deep family engagement with the geoscience content. At many micro-sites of learning, families engaged in multiple immersive processes where conversations, observational inquiry, and deep engagement with the geoscience came together during LOTM. This analysis contributes to the CSCL literature on theory related to LOTM in outdoor informal settings, while also providing design conjectures in an immersive, family-centered, place-based LOTM framework.
Treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab in patients with decreased kidney function
Authors: Svendsen Ole Lander
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Little is known about treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab (Prolia®) in patients with decreased kidney function. The aim of this retrospective case report study was to investigate effects and side-effects of such treatment.

Methods

Since 2012, 75 patients with osteoporosis and decreased kidney function had been treated with denosumab (Prolia®) in the osteoporosis outpatient clinic of the department of endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and data were retrospectively collected from the patient records of these patients in 2021.

Results

At baseline, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 34 mL/min (range 9–50) and the median age was 85 years (range 45–103). 95% of the patients had had low-energy fractures, and the bone mineral density T score of the hips was on average − 2.7. All, but one, patients had normal/high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

The mean duration of the treatment with denosumab at the follow-up was 5.3 years (range 1.5–10). There was an annual increase of 12% and of 7% in the T score of in the lumbar spine and hip, respectively, compared to the T-scores prior to the denosumab treatment. 20% had a new fracture during the follow-up. 21% had biochemical hypocalcemia following denosumab injection, 7% developed symptoms of hypocalcemia, whereas 4% needed to be hospitalized acutely.

Conclusion

Treatment with denosumab of osteoporosis in patients with decreased kidney function (eGFR 9–50 mL/min), with normal/high PTH, seems in general to be well tolerated, with improvement of bone and decreased risk of new fractures.
Double-skin façade simulation with computational fluid dynamics: A review of simulation trends, validation methods and research gaps
Authors: Melgaard Simon Pommerencke , Nikolaisson Ivan Titov , Zhang Chen , Johra Hicham , Larsen Olena Kalyanova
Published: July 2023

Dynamic simulation of a double-skin façade (DSF) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be challenging due to the lack of validated models and benchmarking datasets. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus in the scientific community on what constitutes a successfully validated DSF model. The present review study identifies simulation trends and research gaps for DSFs simulated with CFD. Additionally, this article presents a series of CFD simulations in which key aspects of the DSF modelling are varied: 2D or 3D modelling approaches, turbulence viscosity models (TVMs), radiation models, and wall function. These simulation results are compared to the empirical data (both temperature and velocity fields) of a benchmark test with laboratory-controlled boundary conditions. This analysis shows that using the k-ε RNG model with enhanced wall treatment and surface-to-surface (S2S) radiation model yields the best results for the 2D case of natural convection flow. Moreover, it is shown that accounting for the velocity field in the validation process is essential to ensure the suitability of a model. Finally, the authors advocate for the use of selected dimensionless numbers to improve the comparability of the different DSF scientific studies. This would also help to identify relevant experimental datasets for validation and suitable CFD simulation settings for specific DSF cases.
Transitioning to work without school: experiences of the home educated
Authors: Moir Leah
Published: July 2023

The school-to-work transition is widely acknowledged as difficult, requiring meaningful support for young people to navigate successfully. This paper examines the reported experiences of six families navigating 23 home educated young people’s transition from compulsory education to tertiary education and work. Data from semi-structured interviews with the parents were thematically analysed using Bourdieu's habitus, capital, and field. Findings indicate that the parents provided ample opportunity for self-exploration to encourage autonomy coupled with opportunity to explore and participate in the wider community, leading to a successful transition experience. The findings suggest that a contrasting, alternative career preparation method can be successful; one that values autonomy over the traditional approach which involves a scaffolded set of knowledge and skills. This study indicates that the transition can be successfully facilitated by providing young people with opportunity for autonomous self and career exploration in the community, without the standardised assistance provided through schools.
The Molecular Allergology User’s Guide 2.0: Update on relevant new content
Authors: Hilger Christiane , Dramburg Stephanie , Santos Alexandra F. , de las Vecillas Leticia , Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin
Published: July 2023

The first Molecular Allergology User’s Guide was published in 2016 and quickly became a key reference for many clinicians and scientists worldwide. The rapid development of our knowledge on allergen molecules as well as the availability of new assays and new clinical studies created a need for an update of the guide. In a concerted effort by almost 100 authors, all chapters of the first edition were revised and new chapters added, creating the most up-to-date and freely available guide on molecular allergology for daily practice. This article gives a summary of the most important additions to the 2022 edition, MAUG 2.0.
Therapeutic dilemma’s: antipsychotics use for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, delirium and insomnia and risk of falling in older adults, a clinical review
Authors: Korkatti-Puoskari Netta , Tiihonen Miia , Caballero-Mora Maria Angeles , Topinkova Eva , Szczerbińska Katarzyna , Hartikainen Sirpa ,   on the Behalf of the EuGMS Task & Finish group on FRIDs
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Because of the common and increasing use of antipsychotics in older adults, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the causes of antipsychotic-related risk of falls in older adults. We also aim to provide information on the use of antipsychotics in dementia, delirium and insomnia, their adverse effects and an overview of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms associated with antipsychotic use and falls. Finally, we aim to provide information to clinicians for weighing the benefits and harms of (de)prescribing.

Methods

A literature search was executed in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus in March 2022 to identify studies focusing on fall-related adverse effects of the antipsychotic use in older adults. We focused on the antipsychotic use for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, insomnia, and delirium.

Results

Antipsychotics increase the risk of falls through anticholinergic, orthostatic and extrapyramidal effects, sedation, and adverse effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular system. Practical resources and algorithms are available that guide and assist clinicians in deprescribing antipsychotics without current indication.

Conclusions

Deprescribing of antipsychotics should be considered and encouraged in older people at risk of falling, especially when prescribed for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, delirium or insomnia. If antipsychotics are still needed, we recommend that the benefits and harms of antipsychotic use should be reassessed within two to four weeks of prescription. If the use of antipsychotic causes more harm than benefit, the deprescribing process should be started.
A Conceptual Analysis of the Funds of Knowledge and Identity Approach from an Eco-functional Perspective
Authors: Nigrini Leonard , Esteban-Guitart Moisés
Published: July 2023

The article situates the Funds of Knowledge (FoK) approach and the Funds of Identity (FoI) theory in the context of the eco-functional perspective. It proposes to understand the “funds” as external factors of extra-cerebral organizations, as both refer to products of historically accumulated social labor. Furthermore, the article lays out that similar to the dynamic features of external factors in developing functional psychic organizations, funds of knowledge and identity have to be considered specific to a social and developmental context. It is found that Vygotsky’s concept of perezhivanie and Holzkamp’s concept of position-specificity may provide a valid framework for realization of this dynamic understanding of FoK and FoI.
Leveraging Number Lines and Unit Fractions to Build Student Understanding: Insights from a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bruce Catherine D. , Flynn Tara , Yearley Shelley , Hawes Zachary
Published: July 2023

Fractions remain a challenging area of school mathematics at every stage of education, with impacts that extend far beyond the school years. For this study, researchers engaged in classroom-based design research over a 6-year period to investigate effective strategies for teaching fractions with Canadian students. Participants included 86 teachers (representing 12 collaborative research teams spread across 8 school boards) and over 2000 students from Grades 3–10. Quantitative analyses revealed significant pre-post gains in students’ fraction knowledge. Qualitative findings revealed some best practices in fractions instruction, including the importance of focusing on unit fractions and number lines to facilitate student sense-making. These findings lead to a detailed discussion of the benefits of (1) focusing on unit fractions as a central construct that allows students to meaningfully work with fractions and make connections across ideas of increasing complexity; (2) leveraging powerful representations as objects-to-think-with that combine concrete and abstract thinking about fractions; and (3) using a design research methodology in the context of collaborative work with teachers.
Preparation of a superior damping coating and study on vibration damping properties
Authors: Jin Gen , Chen Guo , Zhao Zihao , Zhao Zhengda , Liu Lei , Qian Jin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a superior damping coating was prepared, which can be easily sprayed onto the samples, showing a promising application in the vibration reduction for aircraft. This paper aims to investigate the effect of filler content, size and coating thickness on the damping properties of aluminum flake samples. It is found that the vibration of the sample is significantly suppressed with the vibration reduction rate of the coating reaching 63.23%. Moreover, the damping ratio of the coating was calculated using the half-power bandwidth method, based on which the finite element simulation model was established. The simulation results are in perfect agreement with the test ones, and the maximum vibration amplitude error stayed within 9.06%. These results fully demonstrated the effectiveness and practicality of the damping coating.
Peppers and their constituents against obesity
Authors: Sirotkin Alexander V.
Published: July 2023

Phytotherapy can be an efficient tool for prevention and treatment of disorders including obesity. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the available knowledge concerning the positive effects of peppers (Capsicum spp.) and their alkaloid capsaicin on human health, in particular on fat and obesity. Search for literature was performed in Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases between the year 2000 and 2023. Words used to search were pepper, Capsicum, capsaicin, review, obesity, fat, weight loss and mechanisms. The available data demonstrate that both pepper extract and capsaicin can positively influence human health and treat several disorders. Moreover, they can reduce fat storage affecting brain centres responsible for the sensation of hunger, nutrient uptake by gastrointestinal tract, state of adipocytes, increase in carbohydrate and fat oxidation, metabolism and thermogenesis and other mechanisms. Therefore, despite some possible limitations, these substances could be useful for treatment of obesity.
Idiopathic encapsulating peritonitis: A case report
Authors: Essobiyou Tamassi Bertrand , Ouedraogo Samuel Salem Laurent , Diendere Pegwende Rachid Cedric , Labou Albert Kossi , Issa Mohamed , Sakiye Kodjo Abossisso
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction

and importance: Encapsulating peritonitis is a chronic and rare condition of the peritoneum. Most often secondary, it can occur idiopathically without any predictive factor. The diagnosis is often delayed and the management is not codified. The authors report a case of encapsulating peritonitis in a patient in a hospital in Togo. Their case highlights the diagnostic difficulties that can arise with encapsulated peritonitis.

Case presentation

a 46-year-old female patient with a history of transient abdominal pain was admitted to an emergency with acute intestinal obstruction. A laparotomy was indicated. Intraoperatively, it was discovered that there was an agglutination of coats covered by a thin membrane. The surgical procedure consisted of adhesiolysis with the release of the loops. The fibrous nature of the membrane on histology and the negativity of the etiological examinations allowed the diagnosis to be retained.

Clinical discussion

This is the result of a chronic attack on the peritoneum. In the majority of cases, it is said to be secondary because it occurs in a known evocative context. However, idiopathic cases have been reported. The disease has an insidious course making its diagnosis difficult. The disease is associated with a high mortality rate even under treatment, which reflects its severity. There is no consensus on the therapeutic management of this disease.

Conclusion

Encapsulating peritonitis is a rare and serious disease with a difficult diagnosis and complex management. There is no consensus on the therapeutic management of this disease.

Highlights
Emergency partial splenectomy for splenic ectopic pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Van Kien Quach , Dam Quynh Lien , Tong Quang Hieu , Pham Quang Thai , Thai Ðuc An , Tuan Vu Hong
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction and importance

Ectopic pregnancy can occur in many locations such as the fallopian tube, cervical, ovary or the abdomen. Splenic ectopic pregnancy (SEP) which is rarely reported in the literature, is a very dangerous condition because the spleen capsule is very thin and the spleen parenchyma is rich in blood vessels.

Presentation of case

A 40-year-old woman, gravida 2, Para 2, had not menstruated for 37 days, presented in the emergency department with a chief complaint of vaginal bleeding and mild hypogastric pain for 1 week. Her serum Beta-human gonadotropin (β-HCG) level was 34279 IU/L. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a homogeneous echogenic structure in the upper pole parenchyma of the spleen, measuring 46 × 48 mm in diameter, containing the gestational sac and embryonal heart rate. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass located in the upper pole of the spleen. Partial splenectomy was successfully and safely performed.

Clinical discussion

Surgical treatment of SEP is indicated for symptomatic or having a fetal heart rate or an elevated β-HCG level >30000 IU/L. The surgical methods are total splenectomy, laparoscopically injecting Methotrexate. This is the first case of partial splenectomy in the treatment of SEP.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of splenic ectopic pregnancy is mainly based on clinical and abdominal ultrasound. MRI may be indicated in cases when the patient arrives early and helps to identify the location of the lesion. Partial splenectomy is indicated when the ectopic pregnancy mass is located at one splenic pole.

Highlights
Violence and Religious Change in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Trompf Garry
Published: July 2023

This Element considers patterns of violent behaviour among the inhabitants of the Pacific Islands while their vast region has been undergoing religious change, overwhelmingly toward Christianity. Major topics researched are religion-based violent reactions to early intruders (including missionaries); new religious movements resisting unwanted interference (including 'cargo cults'); anti-colonial rebellions inspired by spiritual impetuses both indigenous and introduced; and the persistence of traditional modes of violence (tribal fighting, sorcery and tough punishments) adapted to altered conditions.
Output constrained neural adaptive control for a class of KKVs with non-affine inputs and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Ning X. , Liu J. , Wang Z. , Luo C.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, an adaptive neural output-constrained control algorithm is proposed for a class of non-affine kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) systems. The key point is that the non-affine control law can be designed and the output of the KKV system conform to the output limit with the aid of the proposed method. Due to the aerodynamic moments, the actual control torque is non-affine, which can be addressed by introducing an integral process to the design of the controller. Besides, in order to improve the control precision, a nonlinear mapping is put forward so that the output constraint can be transformed to the constraint of the introduced dynamic signal that can be simply achieved. From the simulation results it can be concluded that the states of the KKV system can track the desired trajectories in spite of different working conditions and the control precision is higher compared with other control methods.
“From Nares to Wound: Exploring the mechanisms for Staphylococcal surgical site infections, implications for infection prevention”
Authors: Troeman Darren P. R. , Kluytmans Jan A. J. W.
Published: July 2023

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are important healthcare-associated infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs, and prolonged hospital stays. Staphylococcus aureus is an important and common microbial cause of SSI. Nasal carriage of S. aureus has been shown to be an important determinant for the development of SSI, and interventions aimed at eradicating preoperative nasal carriage are associated with a reduced risk of infection. Yet, it is not entirely clear how the nasally residing S. aureus causes SSI at distant body sites. In this commentary, we describe our view on how S. aureus can be transported from the nares to the incision site during surgery. In addition, we shed light on the implications of our view for infection prevention research.
EXTENDED FRAMES AND SEPARATIONS OF LOGICAL PRINCIPLES
Authors: FUJIWARA MAKOTO , ISHIHARA HAJIME , NEMOTO TAKAKO , SUZUKI NOBU-YUKI , YOKOYAMA KEITA
Published: July 2023

We aim at developing a systematic method of separating omniscience principles by constructing Kripke models for intuitionistic predicate logic
$\mathbf {IQC}$
and first-order arithmetic
$\mathbf {HA}$
from a Kripke model for intuitionistic propositional logic
$\mathbf {IPC}$
. To this end, we introduce the notion of an extended frame, and show that each IPC-Kripke model generates an extended frame. By using the extended frame generated by an IPC-Kripke model, we give a separation theorem of a schema from a set of schemata in
$\mathbf {IQC}$
and a separation theorem of a sentence from a set of schemata in
$\mathbf {HA}$
. We see several examples which give us separations among omniscience principles.
INTERLEAVING LOGIC AND COUNTING
Authors: VAN BENTHEM JOHAN , ICARD THOMAS
Published: July 2023

Reasoning with quantifier expressions in natural language combines logical and arithmetical features, transcending strict divides between qualitative and quantitative. Our topic is this cooperation of styles as it occurs in common linguistic usage and its extension into the broader practice of natural language plus ‘grassroots mathematics’.

We begin with a brief review of
$\mathsf {FO}(\#)$
, first-order logic with counting operators and cardinality comparisons. This system is known to be of very high complexity, and drowns out finer aspects of the combination of logic and counting. We therefore move to a small fragment that can represent numerical syllogisms and basic reasoning about comparative size: monadic first-order logic with counting,
$\mathsf {MFO}(\#)$
. We provide normal forms that allow for axiomatization, determine which arithmetical notions can be defined on finite and on infinite models, and conversely, we discuss which logical notions can be defined out of purely arithmetical ones, and what sort of (non-)classical logics can be induced.

Next, we investigate a series of strengthenings of
$\mathsf {MFO}(\#)$
, again using normal form methods. The monadic second-order version is close, in a precise sense, to additive Presburger Arithmetic, while versions with the natural device of tuple counting take us to Diophantine equations, making the logic undecidable. We also define a system
$\mathsf {ML}(\#)$
that combines basic modal logic over binary accessibility relations with counting, needed to formulate ubiquitous reasoning patterns such as the Pigeonhole Principle. We prove decidability of
$\mathsf {ML}(\#)$
, and provide a new kind of bisimulation matching the expressive power of the language.

As a complement to the fragment approach pursued here, we also discuss two other ways of lowering the complexity of
$\mathsf {FO}(\#)$
by changing the semantics of counting in natural ways. A first approach replaces cardinalities by abstract but well-motivated values of ‘mass’ or other mereological aggregating notions. A second approach keeps the cardinalities but generalizes the meaning of counting to work in models that allow dependencies between variables.

Finally, we return to our starting point in natural language, confronting the architecture of our formal systems with linguistic quantifier vocabulary and syntax, as well as with natural reasoning modules such as the monotonicity calculus. In addition to these encounters with formal semantics, we discuss the role of counting in semantic evaluation procedures for quantifier expressions and determine, for instance, which binary quantifiers are computable by finite ‘semantic automata’. We conclude with some general thoughts on yet further entanglements of logic and counting in formal systems, on rethinking the qualitative/quantitative divide, and on connecting our analysis to empirical findings in cognitive science.
Broad effects of shallow understanding: Explaining an unrelated phenomenon exposes the illusion of explanatory depth
Authors: Meyers Ethan A. , Gretton Jeremy D. , Budge Joshua R. C. , Fugelsang Jonathan A. , Koehler Derek J.
Published: July 2023

People often overestimate their understanding of how things work. For instance, people believe that they can explain even ordinary phenomena such as the operation of zippers and speedometers in greater depth than they really can. This is called the illusion of explanatory depth. Fortunately, a person can expose the illusion by attempting to generate a causal explanation for how the phenomenon operates (e.g., how a zipper works). This might be because explanation makes salient the gaps in a person’s knowledge of that phenomenon. However, recent evidence suggests that people might be able to expose the illusion by instead explaining a different phenomenon. Across three preregistered experiments, we tested whether the process of explaining one phenomenon (e.g., how a zipper works) would lead someone to report knowing less about a completely different phenomenon (e.g., how snow forms). In each experiment, we found that attempting to explain one phenomenon led participants to report knowing less about various phenomena. For example, participants reported knowing less about how snow forms after attempting to explain how a zipper works. We discuss alternative accounts of the illusion of explanatory depth that might better fit our results. We also consider the utility of explanation as an indirect, non-confrontational debiasing method in which a person generalizes a feeling of ignorance about one phenomenon to their knowledge base more generally.
Swash flows generated by a train of solitary waves on a planar slope
Authors: Sou In Mei , Wu Yun-Ta , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: July 2023

Six consecutive solitary waves with identical wave height and separation time are generated to study the flow structures during the uprush–downwash interactions in the swash zone. Using particle image velocimetry, the cross-shore velocity fields are captured. Two different wave conditions are examined with different wave-height-to-water-depth ratios, i.e.$H_o/h=0.11$and 0.22. The uprush–downwash interaction reaches quasi-steady state from the third solitary wave for both cases. For the former case, a weak non-stationary hydraulic jump appears during the downwash flow for all the six consecutive waves. The weak hydraulic jump evolves into a momentarily ‘stationary’ broken bore when the next wave arrives. For the latter case, the larger wave height generates stronger wave breaking. No non-stationary hydraulic jump is observed as the duration of downwash flow is relatively short. The flow reverses to the onshore direction before the downwash Froude number reaches the hydraulic jump condition. The temporal and spatial evolution of turbulence structure at the quasi-steady state is quantified using the spatial spectral analysis, the integral length scale and turbulence eddy viscosity. The results suggest that the large-scale energy generated during the uprush–downwash interaction modified the slope of the turbulence energy spatial spectrum in the inertial subrange from$-$5/3 to$-$1 in the larger length scale region, indicating the energy cascade depends not only on the dissipation rate, but also on the turbulent kinetic energy from the large-scale turbulence structure because of the large-scale energy injection in the inertial subrange.
Towards a better understanding of granular flows
Authors: Garzó Vicente
Published: July 2023

Understanding the transport of particles immersed in a carrier fluid (bedload transport) is still an exciting challenge. Among the different types of gas–solid flows, when the dynamics of solid particles is essentially dominated by collisions between them, kinetic theory can be considered as a reliable tool to derive continuum approaches from a fundamental point of view. In a recent paper, Chassagne et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 964, 2023, A27) proposed a two-fluid model based on modifications to a classical kinetic theory model (Garzó & Dufty, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 59, 1999, pp. 5895–5911). First, in contrast to the classical model, the model proposed by Chassagne et al. takes into account the interparticle friction not only in the radial distribution function but also through an effective restitution coefficient in the rate of dissipation term of granular temperature. As a second modification, at the top of the bed where the volume fraction is quite small, the model accounts for the saltation regime in the continuum framework. The theoretical results derived from the model agree with discrete simulations for moderate and high densities and they are also consistent with experiments. Thus, the model proposed by Chassagne et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 964, 2023, A27) helps provide a better understanding of the combined impact of friction and inelasticity on the macroscopic properties of granular flows.
ARISTOTLE AND THE PAIN OF ANIMALS: NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 1154B7–9
Authors: Cheng Wei
Published: July 2023

This paper explains the motivation behind Aristotle's appeal in Nicomachean Ethics 1154b7–9 to the physiologoi who notoriously declare that animals are constantly in pain. It argues that the physiologoi are neither the critical target of this chapter nor invoked to verify Aristotle's commitment to the imperfection of the human condition. Rather, despite doctrinal disagreement, they help Aristotle develop a naturalistic story about how ordinary people easily indulge in sensory pleasures.
AGRIPPINA'S (UN-)AUGUSTAN ANGER: TACITUS, ANNALS 12.22.3 AND OVID, TRISTIA 2.127
Authors: Joseph Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Book 12 of Tacitus’ Annals spotlights the ascent of Agrippina, the new wife of Claudius and mother of Nero, to the heights of power in imperial Rome. This paper examines how Tacitus deepens and complicates that characterization through an allusion to Ovid's depiction of Augustus in Tristia Book 2. The allusion, coming in Ann. 12.22 as Agrippina is consolidating her power, serves to cast her as a figure of awesome anger and authority on a par with Augustus himself, but also as lacking the ability Augustus had to put limits on that anger. The allusion thus underscores the Annals’ broader arc of the unruly collapse of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, while at the same time revealing the deftness of the historian of the Julio-Claudians at continuing and complicating the themes of the famed poet of Augustus.
GEOGRAPHY AND THE REFORM OF THE COMITIA CENTVRIATA
Authors: Tan James
Published: July 2023

This article examines the reform of the comitia centuriata in the mid to late third century b.c.e. This involved demoting in voting order the six most prestigious cavalry centuries, distributing the centuries of the first class two per tribe, and assigning one tribe's iuniores to vote first as the centuria praerogatiua. The article argues that this gave more equitable representation to rich citizens from more distant parts of Roman territory, but still preserved the essential military character of the assembly by ensuring that the serving men voted first in any election for consuls and praetors.
Trajectory tracking control of an underwater vehicle in the presence of disturbance, measurement errors, and actuator dynamic and nonlinearity
Authors: Hosseini Mostafa , Ranjbar Noei Abolfazl , Rostami Seyed Jalil Sadati
Published: July 2023

Underwater vehicles are rich systems with attractive and challenging properties such as nonlinearities, external disturbances, and underactuated dynamics. These make the design of an advanced and robust controller quite a challenging task. This paper focuses on designing a model-free high-order sliding mode controller in a six-degree-of-freedom trajectory tracking task. The purpose of the control is accurate trajectory tracking and considerably reducing the chattering phenomenon in situations where the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) works in the presence of external disturbances, measurement errors, and actuator dynamics and nonlinearity, which is not seen in previous research. To demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system, the Lyapunov theory is employed to ensure the asymptotic stability of tracking errors. A linear Kalman filter for estimating measurement errors is proposed to be used to correct positioning system outputs (speed, position, and attitude). In a hardware-in-the-loop test, the proposed controller for the ROV is tested in a real-time application, considering external disturbances, measurement errors, and actual thrusters. In addition, comparing the outcomes with the performance of the PID controller and the supper twisting controller shows the superiority of the proposed controller. Due to the existence of the measurement noise, spectrum analysis is also performed.