bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stroop Negative Priming Matching Task: A New Task for the Direct Comparison of Interference Control and Inhibition
Authors: Sammer Gebhard , Lockhofen Denise , Lenz Eva
Published: January 2020

Inhibition processing is an inherent part of cognitive and behavioral control. The aim of the present study was to develop and investigate psychometric criteria of an experimental paradigm that combines Stroop interference and negative priming, both of which involve inhibitory processes. We adopted a Stroop matching paradigm assessing interference control and implemented a negative priming condition. A nonclinical community sample of 94 volunteers performed this Stroop Negative Priming Matching paradigm. Since timing plays a role in priming, the interval between the prime and the probe has been varied in length (500 ms, 800 ms, and 3000 ms). The main results showed both, effects of Stroop interference and negative priming, as indicated by reaction times and incorrect responses. Reduced time pressure showed an effect on response speed and accuracy, but no interaction with interference and priming effects occurred. Reliability computed as internal consistency was generally high and did not differ between Stroop interference and negative priming scales. Retest-reliability was best for the prime–probe interval of 3000 ms. Concluding, the Stroop negative priming matching task provides reliable and directly comparable assessment of Stroop interference and negative priming effects.
The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis: Translational Deep Brain Stimulation to Reduce Anxiety
Authors: Luyten Laura
Published: January 2020

Recent clinical evidence has put forward a new region of interest for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Deep brain stimulation in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) significantly attenuates symptoms in patients suffering from severe, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The BST is not typically implicated in OCD neuropsychopathology but is certainly not an unknown in the field of emotional learning and memory. Substantial evidence supports its involvement in anxiety responses, particularly to ambiguous threats. This seems consistent with the intolerance of uncertainty and tendency to overestimate danger, which fuel obsessions and compulsions in many patients with OCD. Translational research in rodents can help to obtain a deeper understanding of the effects of high-frequency electrical stimulation in the BST on anxiety, which may be valuable to improve treatment for psychiatric patients.
To Be or Not to Be, That Is the Question: A Journey Through Performance Autoethnography
Authors: Ortega Magdalena Suárez
Published: January 2020

Across significant moments in my training in performative autoethnography in the United States, I share through performative writing my ideas, experiences, and reflections between the different moments of qualitative research, among which I am in a process of transition that stresses my biography, over cultures and paradigms. In this process, a feminine voice emerges with force silenced by data and traditions. The process makes visible doubts and contradictions of my own, mixed with subjective reflections on the self-construction of the professional identity of becoming a researcher in the academy. The importance of “raising the voice” in a globalized neoliberal context, characterized by capitalism in scientific production and the power that has an impact on research and methods is revealed. This highway traveled serves to stimulate reflection and debate among the academic community of qualitative researchers. Everyday practices are not insensitive to the people who make up academic institutions and spaces, nor do such practices have no impact on the lives of the researchers. I also write to annoy and disturb, to mobilize and question these practices and the relationships between researchers and research, confronting their inter-and-intra spaces with the neoliberal times that we live in the academy. This allows awareness and position with coherence and ethics before qualitative research as responsible social commitment and moral act.
Researching Young Men and Family Formation: Two Stories
Authors: Rasmussen Mary Lou , Carroll Katherine , Evans Ann , Gray Edith , Price Kerry , Todd Rohan , Copland Simon
Published: January 2020

Young men are underrepresented in Australian research on family formation, especially young men who are nonmarital fathers, and are not university educated. In this pilot project, an interdisciplinary research team (demography, sociology, and gender studies) based in Australia set out to design an approach that would engage this particular group of young men on the topic of family formation. We decided to employ a nontraditional research method (which we call scripts) in order to engage young men indirectly on this sensitive issue. This article does not report on what we found; rather, our focus is on gender dynamics involving the research team’s imaginings of masculinity in the research process. We highlight and interrogate the gendered and heteronormative assumptions we made in the research design, anticipating that our experience can inform future research on masculinity and family formation.
Review of total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years: mid- to long-term results
Authors: Agrawal Yuvraj , Kerry Robert M , Stockley Ian , Hamer Andrew J
Published: January 2020

Background:

Data on the outcome of THA in patients under the age of 30 years is sparse. There is a perceived reluctance to offer surgery to young patients on the basis of potential early failure of the implant. The aim of this study was to review clinical and radiological outcomes of THA in patients under the age of 30 years in a high-volume specialist arthroplasty unit.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients between 1989 and 2009 was undertaken. 95 patients (118 THAs) were identified but 17 patients were excluded for lack of clinical records or for follow-up under 5 years. Clinical records were reviewed for demographics, underlying pathology, details of operation and failures. Radiographs were reviewed for evidence of loosening and wear of the components. Functional assessment was carried out using the modified Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip Score and EQ-5D-5L.

Results:

Mean age was 25 (16–30) years and 65% patients were females. The most common underlying pathologies were development dysplasia of the hip (29%) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (25%). Mean follow-up was 12.6 (5–24) years, during which 19 patients (25%) were revised. The majority of the revisions were for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component.

Conclusions:

Surgeons are cautious when considering THA in very young patients despite the significant documented improvement in function and quality of life after THA. This study reports on the mid- to long-term results of THA which will be valuable when advising young patients on the prospects of revision surgery at the time of primary THA.
A novel classification of fatigue in multiple sclerosis based on longitudinal assessments
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Cavallari Michele , Healy Brian C , Guttmann Charles RG
Published: January 2020

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of multiple sclerosis–related fatigue had limited reproducibility. Temporal fatigue fluctuations have not been considered.

Objective:

To investigate whether a novel group allocation that reflects temporal dynamics of fatigue improves our ability to detect fatigue-associated structural brain abnormalities.

Methods:

Patient stratification based on biennial fatigue assessments: sustained fatigue (SF, n = 29, fatigued at the latest ⩾2 assessments), one time-point fatigue (1F, n = 15, fatigued at the latest, but non-fatigued at the penultimate assessment), reversible fatigue (RF, n = 31, non-fatigued at the latest assessment, but reported fatigue previously), and never fatigued (NF, n = 54). Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and T2 lesion volume (T2LV) were compared between these groups and were derived using a conventional, single time-point fatigued versus non-fatigued stratification.

Results:

The SF versus NF stratification yielded improved power. SF ( p = 0.005) and RF ( p = 0.043) showed significantly higher T2LV than NF. T2LV showed no significant differences in SF versus 1F, SF versus RF, or 1F versus RF. Fatigued versus non-fatigued patients showed significantly higher T2LV ( p = 0.030). We found no significant differences in BPF between the groups.

Conclusion:

Taking into account temporal fatigue dynamics increases the statistical power with respect to T2LV and may improve characterization of brain pathological correlates of MS-related fatigue.
‘I’d (still) rather be a cyborg’: The artisanal dispositif and the return of the (domestic) goddess
Authors: Luckman Susan , Phillipov Michelle
Published: January 2020

This article identifies the rise of a series of tropes around authenticity, retreat and celebration of the artisanal as they manifest around the growing popularity of cooking and craft as activities that have become vehicles for a larger reimagining of ideal middle-class modes of living across much of the Global North. Through media examples of cooking and craft that valorise nostalgia and ‘dropping out’, and following McRobbie’s work on the creativity dispositif, we argue that these cultural practices are united by an artisanal dispositif that fetishises the ‘traditional’ in a context of intensified mediatisation. We revisit Haraway’s iconic text – ‘A cyborg manifesto’ – to identify what is at stake in the ‘return’ of the artisanal and its ongoing tensions between the technological and the traditional. We argue that rather than retreat, to quote more recent work by Haraway we need to ‘stay with the trouble’ in all its complexity.
Musculoskeletal pain as a predictor for depression in the general working population of Denmark
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Holtermann Andreas , Madsen Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt
Published: January 2020

Aim: This study examines the association between musculoskeletal complaints and subsequent use of antidepressants and/or psychiatric hospital treatment for depressive mood disorders in the Danish labour force. Methods: The study is based on two cohorts. The first cohort is the total labour force in 21 Danish municipalities ( n=693,860), where the risk of depression (psychiatric diagnosis or antidepressant treatment) during 2010–2015 was compared between individuals on long-term sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and non-sick-listed gainfully employed individuals. The second cohort is a random sample of the Danish labour force ( n=9248) who were followed during 2011–2015 to estimate the association between self-rated musculoskeletal pain and depression. All analyses were controlled for age, sex, calendar period and socio-economic status. Results: Compared to non-sick-listed gainfully employed individuals, there was an increased risk of depression in individuals sick-listed with MSD, with rate ratios of 2.39 (99% confidence interval (CI) 2.22–2.58) for individuals with less severe MSD and 4.27 (99% CI 3.98–4.59) for individuals with more severe MSD. There was also an increased risk of depression associated with self-rated pain (yes vs. no), with a rate ratio of 2.17 (99% CI 1.69–2.78). The population attributable fraction of depression from musculoskeletal pain was 0.35 (99% CI 0.24–0.45). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that musculoskeletal pain is an important predictor of indicators of depression in the general working population of Denmark.
Assessing the utility of a smart thermometer and mobile application as a surveillance tool for influenza and influenza-like illness
Authors: Ackley Sarah F , Pilewski Sarah , Petrovic Vladimir S , Worden Lee , Murray Erin , Porco Travis C
Published: January 2020

Kinsa Inc. sells Food and Drug Administration–cleared smart thermometers, which synchronize with a mobile application, and may aid influenza forecasting efforts. We compare smart thermometer and mobile application data to regional influenza and influenza-like illness surveillance data from the California Department of Public Health. We evaluated the correlation between the regional California surveillance data and smart thermometer data, tested the hypothesis that smart thermometer readings and symptom reports provide regionally specific predictions, and determined whether smart thermometer and mobile application improved disease forecasts. Smart thermometer readings are highly correlated with regional surveillance data, are more predictive of surveillance data for their own region and season than for other times and places, and improve predictions of influenza, but not predictions of influenza-like illness. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that smart thermometer readings and symptom reports reflect underlying disease transmission in California. Data from such cloud-based devices could supplement syndromic influenza surveillance data.
Linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis to predict coronary artery disease
Authors: Ricciardi Carlo , Valente Antonio Saverio , Edmund Kyle , Cantoni Valeria , Green Roberta , Fiorillo Antonella , Picone Ilaria , Santini Stefania , Cesarelli Mario
Published: January 2020

Coronary artery disease is one of the most prevalent chronic pathologies in the modern world, leading to the deaths of thousands of people, both in the United States and in Europe. This article reports the use of data mining techniques to analyse a population of 10,265 people who were evaluated by the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences for myocardial ischaemia. Overall, 22 features are extracted, and linear discriminant analysis is implemented twice through both the Knime analytics platform and R statistical programming language to classify patients as either normal or pathological. The former of these analyses includes only classification, while the latter method includes principal component analysis before classification to create new features. The classification accuracies obtained for these methods were 84.5 and 86.0 per cent, respectively, with a specificity over 97 per cent and a sensitivity between 62 and 66 per cent. This article presents a practical implementation of traditional data mining techniques that can be used to help clinicians in decision-making; moreover, principal component analysis is used as an algorithm for feature reduction.
‘The nightmare of multiculturalism’: Interpreting and deploying anti-immigration rhetoric in social media
Authors: Nortio Emma , Niska Miira , Renvik Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga
Published: January 2020

Social media is an important transmitter of anti-immigration political rhetoric. In this study, we examine the discussions posted in a Finnish online forum provoked by an MP’s anti-multiculturalist Facebook post. We draw upon frame analysis and discursive social psychology to analyse the communicative processes that challenge and normalise anti-immigration political rhetoric. Using frame analysis, we study how forum users entered heated societal discussion on multiculturalism by framing the MP’s anti-multiculturalist address as either hate speech or – more dominantly – as normal political conduct. Using discursive social psychology, we examine constructions of multiculturalism in these discussions. We demonstrate how anti-immigration political communication was normalised, multiculturalism was constructed as a threat and the proponents of multiculturalism were discredited. We argue that to understand the rise of anti-immigration political movements, it is important to examine everyday political deliberation online as part of a wider discursive landscape.
Understanding third-person perception about Internet privacy risks
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Atkin David
Published: January 2020

This study aims to test the third-person effect (TPE) in the perception of Internet privacy risks. Support was found for a TPE model suggesting that users report greater perceived Internet privacy risks on others than on themselves, based on a sample ( N = 613) from Amazon MTurk. In particular, the differential perception of Internet privacy risks between self and others increased people’s willingness to recommend protective measures to others but decreased their willingness to adopt protective measures themselves. Moreover, social distance, perceived Internet privacy knowledge, negative online privacy experiences, and Internet use activities emerged as significant predictors of TPE perceptions about Internet privacy risks. Study findings indicated that third-person perception is one of the major barriers inhibiting the adoption of privacy protection measures. The antecedents of TPE perceptions detected here provide valuable implications about how to enable Internet users to protect their privacy security.
Circuiting parents’ voice: Parenting discussion groups and institutional healing in northeast Paris
Authors: Vollebergh Anick
Published: January 2020

The discussion group is a common form of parenting support offered by associations in the pluri-ethnic, working-class neighborhoods of northeast Paris. Situated in a larger formation of voice that hails marginalized parents to speak, professionals engage with these discussion groups as potential social ‘transistors’: simultaneously circuiting parents’ voice inwards to restore parents’ agentive capacities and amplifying it outwards into an audible collective voice aimed at impacting state–citizen relations. In order to reach this double effect, professionals deploy ‘paralinguistic techniques’, which produce and combine intimate and civic, normative and alternative (semi-)public speech contexts. As a result, discussion groups emerge as pedagogical instances of a ‘Republican’ public sphere and its reworkings. Against the backdrop of anxieties of a disintegrating Republic and failing institutions, discussion groups highlight a desire for new conduits of citizenship, as well as the ways in which marginalized residents are called upon to invest these with their voice.
Magnetically separable Fe3O4-supported Ru–Ni bimetallic catalysts for diformyltricyclodecanes hydrogenation to value-added fine chemicals
Authors: Li Hongyi , Ma Yubo
Published: January 2020

A series of magnetically separable catalysts based on Ru–Ni bimetallic compounds supported on Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared by the co-precipitation method. These catalysts were evaluated for diformyltricyclodecanes hydrogenation reactions, achieving 97% tricyclodecanedimethylol selectivity at 98% diformyltricyclodecanes conversion under mild conditions. The catalyst could be easily recovered by using the magnetic property of the iron oxide support. The catalysts were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-programmed reduction. These complementary characterization results suggested that the superior catalytic activity may be derived from the delicate synergy between Ru and Ni species.
Models of care across the continuum of exacerbations for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bourbeau Jean , Echevarria Carlos
Published: January 2020

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and treatments require a multidisciplinary approach to address patient needs. This review considers different models of care across the continuum of exacerbations (1) chronic care and self-management interventions with the action plan, (2) domiciliary care for severe exacerbation and the impact on readmission prevention and (3) the discharge care bundle for management beyond the acute exacerbation episode. Self-management strategies include written action plans and coaching with patient and family support. Self-management interventions facilitate the delivery of good care, can reduce exacerbations associated with admission, be cost-effective and improve quality of life. Hospitalization as a complication of exacerbation is not always unavoidable. Domiciliary care has been proposed as a solution to replace part, and perhaps even all, of the patient’s in-hospital stay, and to reduce hospital bed days, readmission rates and costs; low-risk patients can be identified using risk stratification tools. A COPD discharge bundle is another potentially important approach that can be considered to improve the management of COPD exacerbations complicated by hospital admission; it comprised treatments that have demonstrated efficacy, such as smoking cessation, personalized pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy such as pulmonary rehabilitation. COPD bundles may also improve the transition of care from the hospital to the community following exacerbation and may reduce readmission rates. Future models of care should be personalized – providing patient education aiming at behaviour changes, identifying and treating co-morbidities, and including outcomes that measure quality of care rather than focusing only on readmission quantity within 30 days.
Biomarkers in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury—Technical and Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leister Iris , Haider Thomas , Mattiassich Georg , Kramer John L. K. , Linde Lukas D. , Pajalic Adnan , Grassner Lukas , Altendorfer Barbara , Resch Herbert , Aschauer-Wallner Stephanie , Aigner Ludwig
Published: January 2020

Objective. To examine (1) if serological or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) if literature provides recommendations regarding timing and source of biomarker evaluation. Data Sources. A systematic literature search to identify studies reporting on diagnostic and prognostic blood and/or CSF biomarkers in SCI was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro. Study Selection. Clinical trials, cohort, and pilot studies on patients with traumatic SCI investigating at least one blood or CSF biomarker were included. Following systematic screening, 19 articles were included in the final analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this review. Data Extraction. Independent extraction of articles was completed by 2 authors using predefined inclusion criteria and study quality indicators. Data Synthesis. Nineteen studies published between 2002 and April 2019 with 1596 patients were included in the systematic review. In 14 studies, blood biomarkers were measured, 4 studies investigated CSF biomarkers, and 1 study used both blood and CSF samples. Conclusions. Serum/CSF concentrations of several biomarkers (S100b, IL-6, GFAP, NSE, tau, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, pNF-H, and IP-10) following SCI are highly time dependent and related to injury severity. Future studies need to validate these markers as true biomarkers and should control for secondary complications associated with SCI. A deeper understanding of secondary pathophysiological events after SCI and their effect on biomarker dynamics may improve their clinical significance as surrogate parameters in future clinical studies.
Attitudes and Knowledge of Adolescents in Jordan Regarding the Ethics of Social Media Data Use for Research Purposes
Authors: Al Zou’bi Hiba Wazeer , Khatatbeh Moawiah , Alzoubi Karem H. , Khabour Omar F. , Al-Delaimy Wael K.
Published: January 2020

This study assessed the awareness and attitudes of adolescents in Jordan concerning the ethics of using their social media data for scientific studies. Using an online survey, 393 adolescents were recruited (mean age: 17.2 years ± 1.8). The results showed that 88% of participants were using their real personal information on social media sites, with males more likely to provide their information than females. More than two thirds of participants (72.5%) were aware that researchers may use their data for research purposes, with the majority believing that informed consent must be obtained from both the adolescents and their parents. However, more than three quarters of those surveyed (76%) did not trust the results of research that depended on collecting data from social media. These findings suggest that adolescents in Jordan understood most of the ethical aspects related to the utilization of their data from social media websites for research studies.
A novel technique for stenting in cases of refractory intracranial stenosis
Authors: Cuellar Hugo , Barry James , Hanif Rimal
Published: January 2020

Endovascular management of intracranial stenosis is one of the most controversial subjects in neurointervention. Previous level 1 evidence shows superiority of medical management but more recent studies have shown improved outcomes in selective patients. We describe a case demonstrating a new method for stenting of intracranial stenosis using a single system with Coyote angioplasty balloon (Boston Scientific) and the Atlas stent (Stryker).
Parameters optimization of two-speed powertrain of electric vehicle based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Yuhang , Zhu Bo , Zhang Nong , Peng Hao , Chen Yongzhong
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the shortcomings of only optimizing the gear ratios of two-speed transmission in the optimization process of two-speed powertrain parameters of electric vehicles, the optimization of two-speed powertrain parameters of electric vehicles based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimization process is to optimize the main performance parameters of the drive motor and the gear ratios of two-speed transmission. That is, taking the economy and dynamic of the electric vehicle as the fitness function, the gear ratios of two-speed transmission is optimized under the main performance parameters of different drive motors, so as to find the powertrain parameter with the best fitness function value. Among them, the AMESim software is used to build the vehicle optimization model, the genetic algorithm is improved by MATLAB, and the improved genetic algorithm is used to optimize the vehicle optimization model. The results show that the optimization of the vehicle’s economic and dynamic performance has been improved, indicating that this optimization method is effective.
Cytotoxin-associated gene A increases carcinogenicity of helicobacter pylori in colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liao Yusheng , Zhang Hongfeng , Wu Jie , Zheng Dan , Chen Zhitao
Published: January 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection with disease risk and severity of colorectal adenoma, also to explore the association of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) positive (CagA+)- Hp infection with gastrin and ki-67 expressions in colorectal adenoma patients.

Methods:

There were 1000 colorectal adenoma patients and 1500 controls consecutively enrolled, then Hp infection status was determined by 14C urea breath test and rapid urease test. Also, serum CagA expression and gastrin expression of colorectal adenoma patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ki-67 expression in adenoma tissue of colorectal adenoma patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Hp+ rate in colorectal adenoma patients (623 (62.3%)) was more elevated than that in controls (814 (54.3%)). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis disclosed that Hp+ was an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Additionally, Hp+ was positively associated with tumor size and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in colorectal adenoma patients. Also, serum gastrin expression and intratumoral ki-67 expression were higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients and Hp+ CagA− patients compared to Hp− patients, and they were also higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients compared to Hp+ CagA− patients.

Conclusion:

Hp infection positively associates with higher disease risk and worse disease conditions of colorectal adenoma, and CagA enhances the carcinogenicity of Hp in colorectal adenoma.
Flexible shape memory alloy actuators for soft robotics: Modelling and control
Authors: Copaci Dorin-Sabin , Blanco Dolores , Martin-Clemente Alejandro , Moreno Luis
Published: January 2020

One of the limitations in the development of really soft robotic devices is the development of soft actuators. In recent years, our research group has developed a new flexible shape memory alloy actuator that provides more freedom of movements and a better integration in wearable robots, especially in soft wearable robots. Shape memory alloy wires present characteristics such as force/weight ratio, low weight, and noiseless actuation, which make them an ideal choice in these types of applications. However, the control strategy must take into account its complex dynamics due to thermal phase transformation. Different control approaches based on complex non-linear models and other model-free control methods have been tested on real systems. Some exoskeleton prototypes have been developed, which demonstrate the utility of this actuator and the advantages offered by these flexible actuators to improve the comfort and adaptability of exoskeletons.
Spinal NF-kB upregulation contributes to hyperalgesia in a rat model of advanced osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Yunze , Yang Yixin , Guo Jinwan , Guo Xuejiao , Feng Zhiying , Zhao Xuli
Published: January 2020

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain is the most common joint pain. Currently, dysfunction in the central nervous system rather than knee joint degeneration is considered to be the major cause of chronic knee OA pain; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether spinal NF-κB plays a critical role in chronic knee OA pain. In this study, we used a model induced by the intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate. Spinal NF-κB and the phosphorylation and activation status of NF-κB p65/RelA (p-p65) were inhibited by the intrathecal injection of the inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in this model. After behavioral assessment, the knee was dissected for histopathology, and the spinal cord was dissected and examined for NF-κB, p-p65, and cytokine expression. Furthermore, the quantity and activity of neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells and their colocalization with p-p65 in the spinal dorsal horn were investigated. Our findings included the following: (1) histology, the pathological changes in the joints of the knee OA model were basically consistent with knee OA patients; (2) the protein and transcription levels of NF-κB/p65 and p-p65 increased before day 14, appeared to decrease on day 21 and increased again on day 28, and the tendency of weight bearing was similar; (3) on days 21 and 28, the intrathecal injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate markedly prevented the monosodium iodoacetate-induced reduction in the paw withdrawal threshold; (4) real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the expression of TNF-α and IL-33 was suppressed in the knee OA model by the intrathecal injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; and (5) immunofluorescence revealed that astrocytes were activated and that p-p65 was mainly increased in astrocytes. Our findings indicate that the spinal NF-κB/p65 pathway in astrocytes modulates neuroimmunity in rat model of intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate-induced advanced OA.
Validation of the simplified modified Rankin scale for stroke trials: Experience from the ENCHANTED alteplase-dose arm
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Li Jingwei , Anderson Craig S , Lindley Richard I , Hackett Maree L , Robinson Thompson , Lavados Pablo M , Wang Xia , Arima Hisatomi , Chalmers John , Delcourt Candice ,   for the ENCHANTED Investigators
Published: January 2020

Background and aims

The structured, simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire (smRSq) may increase reliability over the interrogative approach to scoring the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in acute stroke research and practice. During the conduct of the alteplase-dose arm of the international ENhanced Control of Hypertension ANd Thrombolysis StrokE stuDy (ENCHANTED), we had an opportunity to compare each of these approaches to outcome measurement.

Methods

Baseline demographic data were recorded together with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Follow-up measures obtained at 90 days included mRS, smRSq, and the 5-Dimension European Quality of life scale (EQ-5D). Agreements between smRSq and mRS were assessed with the Kappa statistic. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify baseline predictors of Day 90 smRSq and mRS scores. Treatment effects, based on Day 90 smRSq/mRS scores, were tested in logistic and ordinal logistic regression models.

Results

SmRSq and mRS scores had good agreement (weighted Kappa 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.81), while variables of age, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, pre-morbid mRS (1 vs. 0), baseline NIHSS scores, and imaging signs of cerebral ischemia, similarly predicted their scores. Odds ratios for death or disability, and ordinal shift, 90-day mRS scores using smRSq were 1.05 (95% CI 0.91–1.20; one-sided P = 0.23 for non-inferiority) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.87–1.11; P = 0.02 for non-inferiority), similar to those using mRS.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the utility of the smRSq in a large, ethnically diverse clinical trial population. Scoring of the smRSq shows adequate agreement with the standard mRS, thus confirming it is a reliable, valid, and useful alternative measure of functional status after acute ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial registration

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01422616.
Cannulation of the subclavian vein using real-time ultrasound guidance
Authors: Davies Thomas W , Montgomery Hugh , Gilbert-Kawai Edward
Published: January 2020

Cannulation of the subclavian vein has many advantages when compared to other anatomical sites for central venous access. Difficulty in its ultrasonic visualisation, and the perceived consequent ‘higher’ complication rate, mean that this approach has fallen out of favour. This barrier, however, may now have disappeared. In this article, we discuss the indications, contraindications and complications associated with subclavian vein cannulation, and present an ultrasound-guided approach to infraclavicular subclavian cannulation.
Analysis of microRNA expression profiles in porcine PBMCs after LPS stimulation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Xin , Huang Xingfa , Zhu Huiling , Chen Hongbo , Wang Wenjun , Liu Yulan
Published: January 2020

In the present study, we used microRNA (miRNA) sequencing to discover and explore the expression profiles of known and novel miRNAs in 1000 ng/ml LPS stimulated for 8 h vis-à-vis non-stimulated (i.e. control) PBMCs isolated from the blood of healthy pigs. A total of 291 known miRNAs were bio-computationally identified in porcine PBMCs, and 228 novel miRNAs (not enlisted in the swine mirBase) were identified. Among these miRNAs, ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-let-7g, ssc-let-7f, 3_8760, ssc-miR-26a, ssc-miR-451, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-30d, ssc-miR-99a and ssc-miR-103 were the top 10 most abundant miRNAs in porcine PBMCs. Through miRNA differential analysis combined with quantitative PCR, we found the expressions of ssc-miR-122, ssc-miR-129b, ssc-miR-17-5p and ssc-miR-152 were significantly changed in porcine PBMCs after LPS stimulation. Furthermore, targets prediction and function analysis indicated a significant enrichment in gene ontology functional categories related to diseases, immunity and inflammation. In conclusion, this study on profiling of miRNAs expressed in LPS-stimulated PBMCs provides an important reference point for future studies on regulatory roles of miRNAs in porcine immune system.
Under-coding of dementia and other conditions indicates scope for improved patient management: A longitudinal retrospective study of dementia patients in Australia
Authors: Cappetta Kara , Lago Luise , Potter Jan , Phillipson Lyn
Published: January 2020

Background:

Under-coding of dementia during hospitalisation results in an inability to identify all patients with dementia using hospital administrative data. Clinical coding can be viewed as a proxy for management; therefore, under-coding indicates dementia was not considered in the patient’s management. While under-coding of dementia is well established, there is sparse evidence on whether dementia is coded in subsequent hospitalisations among patients with a known diagnosis.

Objective:

(a) To describe patterns of dementia coding over 5 years after a first-coded (i.e. index) admission for dementia; (b) to identify factors associated with clinical coding of dementia; and (c) to identify patient subgroups at risk of not being coded to inform future interventions to improve hospital identification and management of dementia.

Method:

Retrospective study of longitudinal hospital data from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2015 for 7919 patients hospitalised during the 5 years’ post-index admission for dementia in a regional local health district of New South Wales, Australia.

Results:

Dementia was coded in 63.9% of admissions in the 12 months following index admission for dementia; this decreased to 53.7% after 5 years. Patients were 20% more likely to have dementia actively managed when it co-occurred with delirium. Under-coding varied across conditions, with dementia more likely to be coded in admissions for falls and pneumonitis, and less likely for heart failure, pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Conclusion:

The frequency with which dementia was not coded highlights opportunities to improve identification and management of dementia through dementia-specific care, enhanced clinical protocols, and interventions focused around heart failure, pneumonia and UTI admissions.
Sustainable supplier selection in the retail industry: A TOPSIS- and ANFIS-based evaluating methodology
Authors: Okwu Modestus O , Tartibu Lagouge K
Published: January 2020

In this study, a hybrid model based on ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems), a predictive intelligent-based technique, and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was implemented for sustainable supplier selection. Selection of supplier is a crucial task for companies to achieve the objectives of inbound and outbound supply chain system. This selection process may be complex due to the inclusion of diverse subjective and objective factors. There is, therefore, the need for a reliable methodology to provide higher accuracy in predictions of anticipated supplier performance, and this article makes contributions in that direction. The model was applied in the retail end of a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry to select the best possible suppliers using the sustainability criteria of the triple-bottom-line. Available data from the FMCG retail sector was fed into the TOPSIS and ANFIS model to rank the suppliers. Results indicated that the most dominant sustainability factors in the Nigerian FMCG retail sector are advanced technology, cost, reliability, on-time delivery, and environmental competencies. The finding should encourage companies in the retail sector to explore sustainability opportunities in order to improve their competitiveness for selection during bidding processes. The novelty of this study is the application of ANFIS to sustainable supplier selection problem in the context of a developing economy like Nigeria. It should also assist managers in the FMCG retail sector to highlight areas of possible sustainability improvements.
How Do Sports Medicine and Foot and Ankle Specialists Treat Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures?
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Trofa David P. , Gualtieri Anthony P. , Dodson Christopher C. , Li Xinning , Levine William N. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: January 2020

Background. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment considerations and surgical techniques utilized by fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine and foot and ankle specialists in the management of Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods. A blinded electronic survey was distributed to 2062 fellowship-trained sports medicine and 1319 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons. The total number of acute Achilles tendon ruptures managed per year, patient-specific factors associated with surgical decision making and surgical techniques were evaluated. Results. Of the 3381 surveys distributed, 524 responses were included for analysis. Only 9% of respondents manage more than 20 acute Achilles tendon ruptures per year with the majority (75%) managing less than 10 per year. Operative management is the treatment of choice for 76% of total respondents with only 8% managing acute ruptures nonoperatively. Activity level and patient age were the single most important factors for 60.8% and 29.3% of surgeons, respectively, with regard to operative versus nonoperative decision making. Socioeconomic status and workers compensation were the least important patient factors. Conclusion. Surgical repair in the young and active patient is the preferred treatment for the majority of fellowship-trained subspecialists who most commonly encounter this pathology.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Consensus of Expert Analysis
The Amazonian Savannas of French Guiana: Cultural and Social Importance, Biodiversity, and Conservation Challenges
Authors: Stier Anna , de Carvalho William D. , Rostain Stéphen , Catzeflis Francois , Claessens Olivier , Dewynter Maël , McKey Doyle , Mustin Karen , Palisse Marianne , de Thoisy Benoit
Published: January 2020

The Amazonian savannas of French Guiana are rare and of high ecological and cultural value but are also highly threatened. They are socioecological systems that have been coconstructed by humans and nature and today form mosaic landscapes along the country’s coast. From pre-Columbian raised fields through colonial and Créole uses to contemporary uses, they have been largely shaped and modified by human activities. They are currently threatened by changes in fire regimes, agricultural practices, invasive species, and infrastructure development. Less than 3% are protected, despite their importance for several endangered animal and plant species. A shift is required in the way we think about their conservation to create a new strategy that would be completely different from existing French environmental protection tools and adapted to the complexity of these landscapes.
Towards evidence‐based and personalised care of acute pancreatitis
Authors: García‐Rayado Guillermo , Cárdenas‐Jaén Karina , de Madaria Enrique
Published: January 2020

Acute pancreatitis is a heterogeneous illness. Most patients experience a mild course of disease, but one third will develop local complications and/or organ failure associated with increased morbidity and risk of mortality. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on typical epigastric pain, elevation of serum lipase or amylase levels, and/or characteristic findings on imaging. Personalised management is needed in patients with acute pancreatitis. Currently, analgesia, Ringer’s lactate solution‐based goal‐directed fluid resuscitation and early oral refeeding providing enteral nutrition if not tolerated are the cornerstones for early management. Prophylactic antibiotics or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the absence of cholangitis are considered to be futile. Future clinical trials should address optimal fluid resuscitation, the early administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs and the exact role of nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis. Here, we present a patient case and review the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.
Anonymity, veracity and power in online patient feedback: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of staff responses to patient comments on the ‘Care Opinion’ platform in Scotland
Authors: Locock Louise , Skea Zoë , Alexander Gina , Hiscox Caroline , Laidlaw Lynn , Shepherd Jenna
Published: January 2020

Objective

To analyse how staff in one Scottish hospital respond to anonymised patient feedback posted on the nationally endorsed feedback platform Care Opinion; and to understand staff experiences of, and attitudes towards, engaging with Care Opinion data.

Methods

This was a multi-method study comprising: (a) numerical and thematic analysis of stories posted during a six-month period, using a published framework; (b) thematic analysis of interviews with a range of 10 hospital staff responsible for organisational responses to feedback.

Results

Seventy-seven stories were published during the six-month period. All received a response, with a mean response time of 3.9 days. Ninety-six responses were made in total, from 20 staff members. Personalisation and tailoring was mostly assessed as performing well against the published framework. Only two ‘changes made’ were reported. While staff interviewed were mostly understanding of why patients might prefer giving anonymised feedback, some found it uncomfortable and challenging. Participants described instances where they might seek to de-anonymise the individual, in order to pass on personal thanks to the relevant staff member, or to investigate the issue raised and seek resolution offline. Patients did not always want to identify themselves; this could sometimes lead staff to query the veracity or importance of issues raised. Sometimes staff could identify individuals anyway, including one described as ‘our regular person’.

Conclusions

Staff used to engaging directly with patients and families, both clinically and in dealing with feedback, need support in dealing with anonymous feedback, and the uncomfortable situation of unequal power it may create.
The Interplay of Leadership Styles, Innovative Work Behavior, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asad , Ismail Fadillah Binti , Hussain Altaf , Alghazali Basheer
Published: January 2020

Leadership stains affect the follower’s performances regarding innovative work behavior, and a gap is found in leadership research in higher education, specifically in Pakistan. The basic purpose of this research is to point out the effect of leadership styles on innovative work behavior under the mediating and moderating roles of organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior among the Head of the Departments (HODs) in higher education institutions (HEIs). A survey method has been carried out to collect data from 160 respondents to, further, verify how leadership styles of academic leaders affect employees’ performances in universities. The statistical study exposes a substantial positive effect of leadership styles on innovative work behaviors of employees highlighting mediating and moderating effects of organizational culture and OCB on such a relationship. This study carries various implications for prior research in both theoretical and practical fields, and its scope may also be enlarged, geographically or institutionally, to another context. This research uncovers the relationship of leadership styles and innovative work behavior in academic research, which has been ignored before in higher education of Pakistan.