bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Metformin or Thiazolidinediones for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction?
Authors: Janci Mary Moyer , Smith Rhea Coquia , Odegard Peggy Soule
Published: November 2012

Objective. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationships among polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) risk and review the use of metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in reducing CV risk in women with PCOS.

Methods. The authors conducted a search for and reviewed reports of clinical trials, meta-analyses, and controlled trials published from January 1998 to December 2012 included in the PubMed, Cochrane Collaborative, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments databases. Search terms included PCOS, polycystic ovary/ovarian syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular, metformin, TZDs, thiazolidinediones, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone.

Results. The articles provided evidence that PCOS is associated with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes in women. Metformin is an effective treatment for diabetes with favorable effects on lipid abnormalities to reduce CV risk. TZDs demonstrate some benefit on clinical markers associated with PCOS. However, there is no evidence that TZDs provide a greater benefit than metformin in reducing CV risk in women with PCOS and diabetes. Additionally, there is concern that TZDs may increase patients' risk of adverse events.

Conclusions. Based on evidence linking PCOS to diabetes and increased CV risks, clinicians should systematically screen women with diabetes for PCOS and direct appropriate treatment at minimizing related risks. Treatment with metformin appears to be more beneficial than TZDs and has been shown to lower triglycerides, increase HDL cholesterol, and favorably influence serum insulin levels.
Genomic Polymorphism of Human Papillomavirus Type 52 in Women from Northeast China
Authors: Sun Zhengrong , Lu Zhitao , Liu Jianhua , Wang Guili , Zhou Weiqiang , Yang Lianxia , Liu Chao , Ruan Qiang
Published: November 2012

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 52 is an oncogenic HPV type prevalent in Asia. The aim of the study was to analyze HPV 52 genetic variations in women from Northeast China. To explore the intratypic variants of HPV 52, the genomic regions of L1, E6, E7 and long control region (LCR) of HPV 52, which have been identified in women from Northeast China by HPV GenoArray test, were analyzed. Twenty-five mutations were identified in the regions examined. Of the mutations found in the L1 gene, three novel nonsynonymous mutations of C5640T, A5641T and G5642A were located within the region that encodes the binding domain of neutralizing antibodies against HPV 52. Although four variations were identified in HPV 52 E6 and E7 genes, no significant association was found between the mutations and the cytological lesion of the patients. Eight mutations, including a novel CTT7681–7683 deletion, found in the LCR of HPV 52 encompassed the known transcription binding sites, which may possibly affect the transcription of the oncogenic genes of E6 and E7. The most prevalent HPV 52 variant in women from northeastern China belongs to clade L1-LN-A. The genetic variations of HPV 52, including three novel nonsynonymous mutations of C5640T, A5641T and G5642A in the L1 gene and a novel CTT7681–7683 deletion in the LCR, were first documented in strains from women in Northeast China. The statistical result showed no associations between the variants and the severities of the infected women. These findings provide new data regarding gene variations of HPV 52.
Healing, Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Indigofera truxillensis in Different Models of Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Luiz-Ferreira Anderson , Cola Maira , Barbastefano Victor , De-Faria Felipe , Almeida Ana , Farias-Silva Elisângela , Calvo Tamara , Hiruma-Lima Clélia , Vilegas Wagner , Souza-Brito Alba
Published: November 2012

The present study evaluated the antiulcerogenic activity and mechanisms of the aqueous (AqF 100 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate (AcF 50 mg/kg) fractions from Indigofera truxillensis leaves. This dose was selected to assess its activity on ulcer healing and its action on gastric acid and mucus secretion, prostaglandin production and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd)). Gastric ulcer was induced by absolute ethanol. Antisecretory action, mucus and prostaglandin production, healing and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated for both fractions. AqF and AcF significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol. This effect was statistically significant at 100 and 50 mg/kg compared with the vehicle. Neither fraction interfered with gastric secretion. AcF increased the PGE2 production, and both fractions increased mucus production. l-NAME did not alter the gastroprotection exerted by the fractions, but N-ethylmaleimide attenuated only AcF. In the ischemia/reperfusion model both fractions inhibited the mucosal damage. AcF increased SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd activity, but AqF increased only SOD and GSH-Px. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model AcF only accelerated ulcer healing. These results showed that Indigofera truxillensis acted as a gastroprotective agent, stimulating protective factors and antioxidants enzymes.
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Down-Regulate Endothelial Lineage Commitment of Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Iordache Florin , Buzila Cosmin , Constantinescu Andrei , Andrei Eugen , Maniu Horia
Published: November 2012

To test the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity in endothelial lineage progression, we investigated the effects of HDAC inhibitors on endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Adherent EPCs, that expressed the endothelial marker proteins (PCAM-1, CD105, CD133, and VEGFR2) revealed by flow cytometry were treated with three HDAC inhibitors: Butyrate (BuA), Trichostatin A (TSA), and Valproic acid (VPA). RT-PCR assay showed that HDAC inhibitors down-regulated the expression of endothelial genes such as VE-cadherin, CD133, CXCR4 and Tie-2. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis illustrated that HDAC inhibitors selectively reduce the expression of VEGFR2, CD117, VE-cadherin, and ICAM-1, whereas the expression of CD34 and CD45 remained unchanged, demonstrating that HDAC is involved in endothelial differentiation of progenitor cells. Real-Time PCR demonstrated that TSA down-regulated telomerase activity probably via suppression of hTERT expression, suggesting that HDAC inhibitor decreased cell proliferation. Cell motility was also decreased after treatment with HDAC inhibitors as shown by wound-healing assay. The balance of acethylation/deacethylation kept in control by the activity of HAT (histone acetyltransferases)/HDAC enzymes play an important role in differentiation of stem cells by regulating proliferation and endothelial lineage commitment.
Bacterial Bio-Resources for Remediation of Hexachlorocyclohexane
Authors: Alvarez Analía , Benimeli Claudia , Saez Juliana , Fuentes María , Cuozzo Sergio , Polti Marta , Amoroso María
Published: November 2012

In the last few decades, highly toxic organic compounds like the organochlorine pesticide (OP) hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) have been released into the environment. All HCH isomers are acutely toxic to mammals. Although nowadays its use is restricted or completely banned in most countries, it continues posing serious environmental and health concerns. Since HCH toxicity is well known, it is imperative to develop methods to remove it from the environment. Bioremediation technologies, which use microorganisms and/or plants to degrade toxic contaminants, have become the focus of interest. Microorganisms play a significant role in the transformation and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. Many Gram-negative bacteria have been reported to have metabolic abilities to attack HCH. For instance, several Sphingomonas strains have been reported to degrade the pesticide. On the other hand, among Gram-positive microorganisms, actinobacteria have a great potential for biodegradation of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. This review compiles and updates the information available on bacterial removal of HCH, particularly by Streptomyces strains, a prolific genus of actinobacteria. A brief account on the persistence and deleterious effects of these pollutant chemical is also given.
Corrosion Protection of Electrically Conductive Surfaces
Authors: Song Jian , Wang Liangliang , Zibart Andre , Koch Christian
Published: November 2012

The basic function of the electrically conductive surface of electrical contacts is electrical conduction. The electrical conductivity of contact materials can be largely reduced by corrosion and in order to avoid corrosion, protective coatings must be used. Another phenomenon that leads to increasing contact resistance is fretting corrosion. Fretting corrosion is the degradation mechanism of surface material, which causes increasing contact resistance. Fretting corrosion occurs when there is a relative movement between electrical contacts with surfaces of ignoble metal. Avoiding fretting corrosion is therefore extremely challenging in electronic devices with pluggable electrical connections. Gold is one of the most commonly used noble plating materials for high performance electrical contacts because of its high corrosion resistance and its good and stable electrical behavior. The authors have investigated different ways to minimize the consumption of gold for electrical contacts and to improve the performance of gold plating. Other plating materials often used for corrosion protection of electrically conductive surfaces are tin, nickel, silver and palladium. This paper will deal with properties and new research results of different plating materials in addition to other means used for corrosion protection of electrically conductive surfaces and the testing of corrosion resistance of electrically conductive surfaces.
Water- and Boron-Rich Melt Inclusions in Quartz from the Malkhan Pegmatite, Transbaikalia, Russia
Authors: Thomas Rainer , Davidson Paul , Badanina Elena
Published: November 2012

In this paper we show that the pegmatite-forming processes responsible for the formation of the Malkhan pegmatites started at magmatic temperatures around 720 °C. The primary melts or supercritical fluids were very water- and boron-rich (maximum values of about 10% (g/g) B2O3) and over the temperature interval from 720 to 600 °C formed a pseudobinary solvus, indicated by the coexistence of two types of primary melt inclusions (type-A and type-B) representing a pair of conjugate melts. Due to the high water and boron concentration the pegmatite-forming melts are metastable and can be characterized either as genuine melts or silicate-rich fluids. This statement is underscored by Raman spectroscopic studies. This study suggested that the gel state proposed by some authors cannot represent the main stage of the pegmatite-forming processes in the Malkhan pegmatites, and probably in all others. However there are points in the evolution of the pegmatites where the gel- or gel-like state has left traces in form of real gel inclusions in some mineral in the Malkhan pegmatite, however only in a late, fluid dominated stage.
Synthesis and Modifications of Phosphinic Dipeptide Analogues
Authors: Mucha Artur
Published: November 2012

Pseudopeptides containing the phosphinate moiety (-P(O)(OH)CH2-) have been studied extensively, mainly as transition state analogue inhibitors of metalloproteases. The key synthetic aspect of their chemistry is construction of phosphinic dipeptide derivatives bearing appropriate side-chain substituents. Typically, this synthesis involves a multistep preparation of two individual building blocks, which are combined in the final step. As this methodology does not allow simple variation of the side-chain structure, many efforts have been dedicated to the development of alternative approaches. Recent achievements in this field are summarized in this review. Improved methods for the formation of the phosphinic peptide backbone, including stereoselective and multicomponent reactions, are presented. Parallel modifications leading to the structurally diversified substituents are also described. Finally, selected examples of the biomedical applications of the title compounds are given.
A Peculiarly Cerebroid Convex Zygo-Dodecahedron is an Axiomatically Balanced “House of Blues”: The Circle of Fifths to the Circle of Willis to Cadherin Cadenzas
Authors: Becker David
Published: November 2012

A bilaterally symmetrical convex dodecahedron consisting of twelve quadrilateral faces is derived from the icosahedron via a process akin to Fuller’s Jitterbug Transformation. The unusual zygomorphic dodecahedron so obtained is shown to harbor a bilaterally symmetrical jazz/blues harmonic code on its twelve faces that is related to such fundamental music theoretical constructs as the Circle of Fifths and Euler’s tonnetz. Curiously, the patterning within the aforementioned zygo-dodecahedron is discernibly similar to that observed in a ventral view of the human brain. Moreover, this same pattern is arguably evident during development of the embryonic pharynx. A possible role for the featured zygo-dodecahedron in cephalogenesis is considered. Recent studies concerning type II cadherins, an important class of proteins that promote cell adhesion, have generated data that is demonstrated to conform to this zygo-dodecahedral brain model in a substantially congruous manner.
A Randomized Comparison of Second-Line Lopinavir/ Ritonavir Monotherapy versus Tenofovir/Lamivudine/ Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Patients Failing Nnrti Regimens: The HIV Star Study
Authors: Bunupuradah Torsak , Chetchotisakd Ploenchan , Ananworanich Jintanat , Munsakul Warangkana , Jirajariyavej Supunnee , Kantipong Pacharee , Prasithsirikul Wisit , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Bowonwatanuwong Chureeratana , Klinbuayaem Virat , Kerr Stephen J , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Bhakeecheep Sorakij , Hirschel Bernard , Ruxrungtham Kiat ,   the HIV STAR Study Group
Published: November 2012

The publisher would like to report an omission from a recently published article [1]. The title of Figure 3 should contain ‘(A)’ and ‘(B)’, and the correct title and corresponding figure are shown. The publisher apologizes for this omission.
Physicochemical characteristics of ozonated sunflower oils obtained by different procedures
Authors: Díaz M. F. , Sánchez Y. , Gómez M. , Hernández F. , Da C. Veloso M. C. , De P. Pereira P. A. , Mangrich A. S. , De Andrade J. B.
Published: November 2012

Two ozonation procedures for sunflower oils at different applied ozone dosages were carried out. Ozone was obtained from medicinal oxygen and from air. Peroxide, acidity, and iodine indexes, along with density, viscosity and antimicrobial activity were determined. The fatty acid compositions of the samples were analyzed using GC. The content of oxygen was determined using an elemental analysis. Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance was used to measure the organic free radicals. The reactions were achieved up to peroxide index values of 658 and 675 mmolequiv kg–1 using medicinal oxygen and air for 5 and 8 hours, respectively. The samples of ozonized sunflower oil did not present organic free radicals, which is a very important issue if these oils are to be used as drugs. The ozonation reaction is more rapid with medicinal oxygen (5 hours) than with air (8 hours). Ozonized sunflower oil with oxygen as an ozone source was obtained with high potential for antimicrobial activity.
Teaching ePortfolios in Teacher Education
Authors: Groißböck Peter
Published: November 2012

Especially when starting their career in the induction phase, young teachers need personal, profession-related and social support. Young teachers can get personal support with a mentoring system, profession-related support in seminars and social support with peer-learning. E-portfolios offer ways to accompany those learning processes and are a central tool for the documentation of individual student progress in the induction phase of teachers. In this article a concept of teaching e-portfolios for the induction phase is presented, showing a basic structure, essential conditions and possible risks. Additionally this article also includes practical thoughts to the use of e-portfolios in basic teacher education and further teacher training.
Towards identifying Collaborative Learning groups using Social Media
Authors: Softic Selver
Published: November 2012

This work reports about the preliminary results and ongoing research based upon profiling collaborative learning groups of persons within the social micro-blogging platforms like Twitter that share potentially common interests on special topic. Hereby the focus is held on spontaneously initiated collaborative learning in Social Media and detection of collaborative learning groups based upon their communication dynamics. Research questions targeted to be answered are: are there any useful data mining algorithms to fulfill the task of pre-selection and clustering of users in social networks, how good do they perform, and what are the metrics that could be used for detection and evaluation in the realm of this task. Basic approach presented here uses as preamble hypothesis that users and their interests in Social Networks can be identified through content generated by them and content they consume. Special focus is held on topic oriented approach as least common bounding point. Those should be also the basic criteria used to detect and outline the learning groups. The aim of this work is to deliver first scientific pre-work for successfully implementation of recommender systems using social network metrics and content features of social network users for the purposes of better learning group communication and information consumption.
De la cour à la ville : la chapelle curiale Sainte-Barbe (xvie-xviiie siècle)
Authors: Alquier Éléonore
Published: November 2012

Itinérante par tradition historique, la cour de France, sous l’Ancien Régime, est dominée par une tension opposant d’une part des corps institutionnels, justifiant leur autorité par leur attachement à la figure du roi, et, d’autre part, des structures géographiquement stables, inscrites dans l’espace des résidences royales. La chapelle curiale Sainte-Barbe, dont les origines remonteraient au règne de saint Louis offre, par sa rivalité avec la Chapelle royale, une illustration de cette dialectique institutionnelle et géographique. Structure créée pour célébrer le culte à la suite de la Cour, elle perd sa raison d’être à partir du moment où celle-ci, dès le milieu du xviie siècle, se stabilise géographiquement. Contrainte de se fixer à son tour dans une église de la capitale, la chapelle Sainte-Barbe, curiale par ses origines, devenue chapelle de confrérie par nécessité, perd inexorablement les attaches qui la liaient à la Cour. Au xviiie siècle, son assimilation progressive à la prévôté de l’Hôtel sanctionne définitivement son évolution, faisant d’une structure prestigieuse de création royale un corps domestique dont les liens avec la Cour ne sont plus qu’administratifs.
Human Prostate Tumor Antigen–Specific CD8+ Regulatory T Cells Are Inhibited by CTLA-4 or IL-35 Blockade
Authors: Olson Brian M. , Jankowska-Gan Ewa , Becker Jordan T. , Vignali Dario A. A. , Burlingham William J. , McNeel Douglas G.
Published: November 2012

Regulatory T cells play important roles in cancer development and progression by limiting the generation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity. We hypothesized that in addition to natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor Ag–specific Tregs interfere with the detection of anti-tumor immunity after immunotherapy. Using samples from prostate cancer patients immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and a trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (tvDTH) assay, we found that the detection of PAP-specific effector responses after immunization was prevented by the activity of PAP-specific regulatory cells. These regulatory cells were CD8+CTLA-4+, and their suppression was relieved by blockade of CTLA-4, but not IL-10 or TGF-β. Moreover, Ag-specific CD8+ Tregs were detected prior to immunization in the absence of PAP-specific effector responses. These PAP-specific CD8+CTLA-4+ suppressor T cells expressed IL-35, which was decreased after blockade of CTLA-4, and inhibition of either CTLA-4 or IL-35 reversed PAP-specific suppression of tvDTH response. PAP-specific CD8+CTLA-4+ T cells also suppressed T cell proliferation in an IL-35–dependent, contact-independent fashion. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel population of CD8+CTLA-4+ IL-35–secreting tumor Ag–specific Tregs arise spontaneously in some prostate cancer patients, persist during immunization, and can prevent the detection of Ag-specific effector responses by an IL-35–dependent mechanism.
Inhibitory Receptor Paired Ig-like Receptor B Is Exploited by Staphylococcus aureus for Virulence
Authors: Nakayama Masafumi , Kurokawa Kenji , Nakamura Kyohei , Lee Bok Luel , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Kubagawa Hiromi , Hiramatsu Keiichi , Yagita Hideo , Okumura Ko , Takai Toshiyuki , Underhill David M. , Aderem Alan , Ogasawara Kouetsu
Published: November 2012

The innate immune system has developed to acquire a wide variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify potential pathogens, whereas pathogens have also developed to escape host innate immune responses. ITIM-bearing receptors are attractive targets for pathogens to attenuate immune responses against them; however, the in vivo role of the inhibitory PRRs in host–bacteria interactions remains unknown. We demonstrate in this article that Staphylococcus aureus, a major Gram-positive bacteria, exploits inhibitory PRR paired Ig-like receptor (PIR)-B on macrophages to suppress ERK1/2 and inflammasome activation, and subsequent IL-6 and IL-1β secretion. Consequently, Pirb−/− mice infected with S. aureus showed enhanced inflammation and more effective bacterial clearance, resulting in resistance to the sepsis. Screening of S. aureus mutants identified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) as an essential bacterial cell wall component required for binding to PIR-B and modulating inflammatory responses. In vivo, however, an LTA-deficient S. aureus mutant was highly virulent and poorly recognized by macrophages in both wild-type and Pirb−/− mice, demonstrating that LTA recognition by PRRs other than PIR-B mediates effective bacterial elimination. These results provide direct evidence that bacteria exploit the inhibitory receptor for virulence, and host immune system counterbalances the infection.
Comparison between ISO 5008 and field whole body vibration tractor values
Authors: Deboli Roberto , Calvo Angela , Preti Christian
Published: November 2012

The exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) of tractor drivers during field operations is a problem that has never been solved. WBV values are quite difficult to predict because of the high number of variables, such as mass and geometry of the vehicle, forward speed, tire pressure, type of ground, operation cycle, and environmental factors. The use of an artificial track is useful to limit the variability of some field parameters, such as the path followed, fluctuations in speed, weather, temperature, and soil conditions. For comparative purposes, these variables need to be maintained as constant as possible in order to obtain the most useful data.
An analysis of the literature provoked the question: Is there a lower forward speed on artificial track that can generate the same vibration response on tractors working in the same field?
In this paper, we analyze the available literature and provide some WBV values and frequency analysis of acceleration measured on agricultural tractors traveling on an artificial test track and on different types of ground.
A profile of the registered nurse tutor in the RSA
Authors: Brink H.I.L.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe selected demographical, biographical, educational and professional background characteristics of the registered nurse tutors in the RSA and to construct a profile of the characteristics. Such a profile could provide a baseline for future studies and evaluation concerning registered nurse tutors. Data were collected from a random proportional stratified sample of 233 registered nurse tutors from a total of 1312 registered tutors whose names appeared on the SANC register. A questionnaire developed by the researcher and based on and adopted from a questionnaire from the Research Triangle Institute USA on the registered nurse in the USA, was used for data collection. The data were analysed and from the findings a profile of the registered nurse tutor in the RSA was constructed.
Nie-verplegingstake en die geregistreerde verpleegkundige
Authors: Van Tonder S.
Published: November 2012

A task control list based on the tasks allocated to ancillary services and staff was compiled. The task control list indicates the non-nursing tasks which were identified for this study. According to the task control list the non-nursing tasks performed by the registered nurse were identified and the extent determined. All the tasks on the task control list were performed by some of the 196 respondents. According to the respondents they spent 100,8% of their work time per week on non-nursing duties. During an average of 9 hours observations per respondent it was found that she spent 46,3% of the time on non-nursing tasks. Because of this R 1 158297 of the budget on nursing is paid per year to the response group (N — 196) to do the work of the ancillary services and staff. These figures are disturbing and a definite attempt should be made to relieve the registered nurse of performing non-nursing tasks and to get her involved in direct patient care again.
Die invloed van die geregistreerde verpleegkundige as rolmodel op die studentverpleegkundige
Authors: Bezuidenhout M.C.
Published: November 2012

A survey was undertaken by means of a questionnaire submitted to third year student nurses studying at the S. G. Laurens College of Nursing in Pretoria. The aim of the study was to determine whether, and to what extent, the registered nurse, as role model, influenced the student nurse in her decision to remain as an employee at her training hospital after qualifying as a registered nurse. Analyses of the data showed the wara sister as the central figure within the ward situation with potentially comprehensive powers to influence all with whom she comes into contact, especially student nurses. The majority of respondents reported that the ward sisters lacked the characteristics they thought essential and seeked in a positive role model. Thus they were disappointed in the nursing profession and especially in the way it was being practised in their training schools, and therefore led them to seek employment in the private sector at completion of training.
Sexual behaviour and knowledge of adolescent males in the Molopo region of Bophuthatswana
Authors: Kau M.
Published: November 2012

Teenage pregnancy is one of the many public health problems facing the community in Bophuthatswana and neighbouring areas: Health professionals have attempted to address the problem yet little has been done to determine the role of the adolescent male in the prevention of this community problem. This study addresses the male adolescent’s sexual behaviour, his attitude towards contraception, contraceptive use and premarital pregnancy. The study revealed that most of the respondents commenced sexual practices at about 12years of age. These young men believed that girls should prove their fertility before marriage, although they viewed contraception as a joint responsibility between the two partners. The respondents were found to have a positive attitude towards contraception and contraceptive use, yet when they were asked what method of contraception they used since they were sexually active, only 24,5% reported use of a condom. Ignorance about reproduction and the effects of contraceptives Was confirmed When 48% of the respondents indicated that they were unaware of the fact that pregnancy could result from first coitus, and they also believed that oral contraceptives had dangerous side effects. The study further revealed that parents did not discuss teenage pregnancy and contraception with their children, instead this subject was discussed among friends at school. Respondents expressed fear when asked why the subject was never discussed with parents, some actually stated that their parents would ‘flog’ them if they initiated the subject on sex and related matters. The urgent need for formalised sex education in Bophuthatswana was expressed by 77% of the respondents.
Knowledge and attitudes relating to condoms on the part of African High School children around Johannesburg
Authors: Frame G. , Ferrinho P. , Evian C.
Published: November 2012

Senior high school children completed a self-administered questionnaire on sexual activity, knowledge of family planning methods, condoms and use of condoms. The study highlighted some useful and interesting information though its value is limited by a poor response rate.
Die verandering van ’n territoriale verpleegdiensontwerp na ‘n matriksverpleegdiensontwerp
Authors: Herselman M.C. , Muller M.E. , Van Huyssteen M.C.
Published: November 2012

In this study two decentralised organisational designs in nursing management were investigated The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of two different designs, namely the territorial and matrix designs, on the attitudes and perceptions of nurses towards their work. An explorative descriptive multi-phase study was conducted. The attitudes and perceptions of nurses were assessed by means of the Michigan Organisational Assessment Scale, during the territorial design and after changing to a matrix design. An analysis of the data showed a positive and statistically significant change in attitudes and perceptions in the matrix design, and therefore the directional hypothesis was accepted. Recommendations include further refinement of the matrix design, as well as training and accompaniment of nurse managers to implement the principles.
Work history of nurses trained in natal
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

In a recent survey it was found that although Natal/KwaZulu has 25.1% of the South African population, it has only 20,9% of the country’s registered nurses (Muller and Coetzee, 1990). This means that Natal has the worst population to registered nurse ratio of the three large urban areas (Natal 551:1, Western Cape 324:1; Pretoria/Witwatersrand 319:1). The same report showed that, although, Natal/KwaZulu has 25,1% of the population, it only trains 9,2% of the current nursing students (Ibid). These figures paint a worrying picture of the region’s ability to supply the health manpower needs of its people.
Nursing research education in the United States of America: One approach
Authors: Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

In addressing nursing research education in the United States of America a short overview of the development of nursing research will be given and then one specific approach to nursing research education will be discussed fully.
Experiences of childbirth in Natal Indian women
Authors: Brookes H.B.
Published: November 2012

Through fifteen in-depth case studies of primipara, Natal Indian women’s experiences of childbirth have been described Common problems were identified, including lack of a family support person throughout labour, lithotomy position for delivery, episiotomies and their sequelae, breast-feeding difficulties and lack of professional support in the early puerperium at home. Preparation for common medical interventions in labour, breast-feeding and parenting appeared inadequate. Pertinent sociocultural aspects have been identified. These include continuing family support and culturally prescribed behaviour pertaining most importantly to the early puerperium and affecting the maternal-neonatal dyad. In the early adaptation to motherhood informants continued their role as daughter or daughter-in-law and would only actively continue their role as wife later or at the end of the puerperium. These traditional patterns of behaviour persist despite marked changes in educational level, language spoken and employment status. In the light of this research and founded on scientific evidence, a number of recommendations are made and areas for further research are identified
Nursing and martyrdom in new world regions and Europe during the past century - Part 3
Authors: Pera S.A.
Published: November 2012

In this last article on nursing and martyrdom, the persecution and death of nurses in Brazil, New Guinea and in Europe during the First and Second World War are described. While many nurse martyrs had the choice and opportunity to avoid their violent death by fleeing, all chose to remain with the people they served.
Begeleiding ter voorkoming van vermoeidheid by psigiatriese verpleegkundiges
Authors: Greeff M.
Published: November 2012

Nursing is a stressful activity and therefore it is necessary for nurses to develop effective coping mechanisms, or to strengthen existing ones in a healthy manner, in order to be capable of dealing with stress, arising from their personal and professional lives. It is, however, not solely stress itself which predisposes nurses to fatigue (physical, psychological and emotional exhaustion) but rather the chronic nature and excessive amount of stressors which place excessive demands on the energy resources and coping, mechanisms of nurses resulting in the ineffective handling of stress which in turn leads to the eventual development of fatigue. The detrimental results of this experience are, however, not confined to the nurse herself, but extends further to the patient and the organization. Thus, if fatigue is not controlled or dealt with, all parties and organizations concerned could suffer.
Contemplating a challenging future: A public management approach to health services
Authors: Schwella E.
Published: November 2012

A varying proportion of health services in alt societies is delivered by public sector institutions. Managing these public sector service institutions for performance represents a major management challenge. This management challenge is amplified for South Africa as a country which is contemplating major changes while being simultaneously confronted with having to cope with problematic results of the past and the challenges of development. In this article a public management model is used to analyse relevant health trends and provisional management strategies are provided to assist health managers to cope with these challenges. Finally a checklist for personal survival is presented for personal evaluation and future planning.
Rekenaargesteunde onderwys in verpleegkunde
Authors: Naude M. , Basson A.
Published: November 2012

According to Kotzé (1987:5) the numbers of student nurses showed a constant drop of 10% from 1981 until 1986, It appears that the ratio between the registered nurse and the population will severely worsen. It is therefore necessary that the educational standard of student nurses must be as high as possible to render a comprehensive service to a growing population. Computer-aided instruction can also play a role in the training of student nurses but can also help to keep student nurses as well as registered nurses in touch with the latest developments and introduce them to advanced technology like the computer.
’n Fasiliteringsvaardighedeprogram vir verpleegdosente
Authors: Cilliers F.
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study is to discuss the role of the nursing teacher as facilitator of psychological growth m the student, with reference to personality characteristics and skills. A facilitation skills programme is applied to a group of nursing teachers and evaluated by means of a pre, post and post-post psychometric evaluation on an experimental and a control group. Significant positive behavioural change manifested inflexibility in the application of values, feeling sensitivity, internal locus of control arid the interpersonal skills of respect, empathy, realness and concreteness. It is recommended that the facilitating role be extended as communication dimension in practical nursing.
Die opleidingsfunksie van die geregistreerde verpleegkundige - Deel 1
Authors: Bezuidenhout M.C.
Published: November 2012

A descriptive exploratory survey was undertaken by means of a questionnaire submitted to student nurses and registered nurses of hospitals affiliated with a nursing college in the Transvaal. The aim of the study was to establish whether, and to what extent, the training function of the ward sister is realised in practice. Analysis of the data showed the ward sister to be aware of her training function and her responsibility towards the student nurse as learner. It appears that the ward sister believes herself to be adequately involved with the basic care of patients and making a significant contribution to the training of student nurses. However, the observations and the experience of the student nurse differ from this point of view. She is of the opinion that more can be done in the ward to help her achieve her training needs. The fact that in many cases she is primarily considered as a worker, comes as a great disappointment.
Kommunikasie met pasiënte - Die effek van verbale en nie-verbale kommunikasie op bewustelose pasiënte
Authors: Weich M.
Published: November 2012

Communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is a greatly neglected Skill at present. Two reasons given for this state of affairs are lack of time and lack of interest in others. Since it is difficult to separate verbal and non-verbal communication, the effects of both types were studied, whether or not they occurred simultaneously. Empirical evidence shows that unconscious patients are highly sensitive to the nature of communication, and that their intracranial pressures rise or fall concomitant in the way in which a conversation is being conducted within hearing distance. Music and touch seem to have similar consequences. The influence of communication is, however, not confined to intracranial pressure changes. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are also affected, with associating changes in the heart rate. Messages of acceptance or rejection may be conveyed verbally or non-verbally. Communication with patients appears to be decisive, and should therefore warrant far greater attention than it receives at present.
The unbooked maternity patient in an academic hospital in Durban
Authors: Gcaba R. , Brookes H.B.
Published: November 2012

This paper examines the unbooked maternity patient in an academic hospital in Durban, Natal; This hospital is the biggest hospital serving the underprivileged population of this area. Of the 16000 annual deliveries in this hospital, about 12% are unbooked patients. The health belief model of Rosenstock, as interpreted by Mikhail and Cox’s interaction model of client health behaviour were used as a theoretical framework for this research. A qualitative case study methodology was undertaken and semi-structured interviews were conducted with unbooked mothers who had utilized appropriate health services in a previous pregnancy. The aim of such interviews was to explore reasons given by mothers for non-use of facilities in the current pregnancy. The basic trends reflected in the findings regarding non-utilization of health services were client instability, health service failure and socio-cultural constraints, The study is innovative and addresses the problem from a social-cultural and midwifery perspective.
Commitment to patient care: An exploratory study among registered nurses in Bophutatswana
Authors: Mekwa J.N. , Uys L.R. , Vermaak M.V.
Published: November 2012

In this second article on the commitment to patient care the methodology and results of the study are briefly described and discussed The research method was a non-experimental qualitative survey, using several data-gathering methods such as semi-structured interviews with registered nurses and patients, the examination of nurses? and patients' records and non-participant observations. Although the responses of nurses and patients indicated that both groups considered commitment to be essential to patient care, the examination of patient records, nurses' evaluation reports and observations showed lack of commitment in practice. Various reasons for this are explored and recommendations made.
Kennis en verwagtinge van die primigravida oor baring
Authors: Bester M.B. , Nolte A.G.W.
Published: November 2012

The primigravida’s experience of childbirth is influenced by the knowledge and expectations she has of childbirth, her expectations of childbirth are based on the information she got from the antenatal clinic, the nursing staff, her mother, friends and family. The purpose of this research m s to determine the knowledge and expectations the primigravida has of childbirth.
Verloskundige Verpleegkunde ... ’n Uitdaging
Authors: Venter S.
Published: November 2012

Much has been achieved through the advances of medical science and technology and that calls for improved knowledge and skills for today’s midwife. There is hardly a sphere in midwifery practice that can’t be seen as a challenge for the midwife, for instance as a administrator; as a tutor; as a clinician and a researcher. In the performance of her task certain challenges are placed upon the midwife as person, for instance the challenge as counsellor; communicator; as a member of the health team; as a member of the changing community and as a family planner. Inservice training and continuing education are therefore a necessity to ensure a high standard of midwifery care.
Psigiatriese Verpleegkunde ... ’n Uitdaging
Authors: Bruwer A.M.
Published: November 2012

The increasing demand for psychiatric nurses in all areas of health delivery services, coupled with the acute shortage of psychiatrists, makes it increasingly important to ensure that the psychiatric nurse is equipped to meet the demands placed on her. If psychiatric nurses expect recognition as therapists in their own right they will have to prove their competence; they can only attain this potential if they feel comfortable and secure in the psychiatric service.
Nursing Education and the Black Nurse ... An Overview
Authors: Samson J.P.
Published: November 2012

In 1907, Cecilia Makiwane passed the final examination for general nurses of the Cape Colonial Medical Council, and on 7 January 1908 became the first Black registered professional nurse in South Africa (1:269). On 31 December 1977 there were 18 362 Black nurses on the registers of the South African Nursing Council3. At the time when a new Health Act (63/1977) and a new Nursing Act (50/1978) have been promulgated, and “Curationis” makes its début, it is well to look at the highlights of the development of nursing education for Blacks during the past 70 years.
Die Moderne Benadering tot Infeksiesiektes
Authors: Prozesky O.W.
Published: November 2012

The combat against infectious diseases stands at the moment on the threshold of yet another revolution, similar to the previous one which was brought about by antibiotic therapy. This new revolution is not attributed to a remedy or group of new remedies but rather to a new conviction, a realisation, that prevention is immeasurably better than treatment, and that community health, in the broadest sense, is immeasurably more effective than the single-patient approach of the past.
Health Education: Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Doing
Authors: Westphal R.
Published: November 2012

The aim of health education is to influence or even change behaviour affecting people’s health. It must at all times be intrinsically valuable and worthwhile. Many aspects of health behaviour are part of man’s normal everyday life, other aspects however, require conscious efforts based on knowledge. All aspects are directed towards preserving health and avoiding illness.
Education for Care
Authors: Williamson S.B.
Published: November 2012

Professional nursing has its origins in man's fundamental need for health, and the primary focus of nursing education is on meeting these needs, while simultaneously fulfilling the expectations and needs of the aspirant nurse — a twofold, synergistic responsibility. The caring function lies at the very heart of nursing practice — it is the magnetic force which attracts people to nursing and in the final analysis offers the greatest rewards and satisfactions.
The Nursing Process
Authors: Hammond M.
Published: November 2012

The essence of the nursing process can be summed up in this quotation by Sir Francis Bacon: “Human knowledge and human powers meet in one; for where the cause is not known the effect cannot be produced.” Arriving at a concise, accurate definition of the nursing process was, for me, an impossible task. It is altogether too vast and too personal a topic to contract down into a niftylooking, we-pay-lip-service-to-it cliché. So what I propose to do is to present my understanding of the nursing process throughout this essay, and then to leave the reader with some overall, general impression of what it all entails.
The Role of the Nurse in Renal Care
Authors: De Kleijn A.M.
Published: November 2012

Recently we have been made aware by our nursing leaders that the nurse must extend her role. Professor Eleanor Lambertson, Dean of the School of Nursing. Cornell University, New York, has said and I quote: “It is my premise that until and unless nurses willingly face the issues associated with the extension of their scope of practice, nurses will become obsolete in terms of today’s and tomorrow’s need for health care services.”
Health Education in Bophuthatswana
Authors: Robertson B. , Lekgetha A.N.
Published: November 2012

Forms of health education have been practised for as long as man has been in existence. These forms o f health education that are part of a culture to ensure its survival may not be comparable with a modern-day definition of health education. They are, nevertheless, firmly entrenched and make change difficult.
Meet The Occupational Health Nurse
Authors: Campbell Y.
Published: November 2012

The great upsurge of knowledge and progress in occupational health medicine which occurred during both world wars was proof that good occupational health services mean greater productivity, with the result that today the scope of the occupational health nurse is unlimited.
Ten Years Of Preventive Geriatric Services In The City Of Germiston
Authors: Erasmus C.A.
Published: November 2012

The deficiencies in the health care delivery system for the aged in our various population groups to a large extent arises as a result of the three tier system of health responsibility in operation in South Africa up to the present. The Health Act No. 63 of 1977 will perhaps remedy this situation once it is fully implemented but at present there are very definite shortcomings in the existing medical services available to the aged. The quality of these medical services also varies from Province to Province and also within individual Provinces due to the absence of a national policy based on recognised principles of geriatric care.
Mental Health Education
Authors: Röscher C.I.
Published: November 2012

THE goal of mental health today calls for more than an alleviation of mental illness. The days of custodial care in institutions, segregated from the community, belong in the history books. We must look even further than the treatment or even the prevention of mental illness to the ideal of maximum physical, mental and social efficiency for the individual, his family and the community. Mental Health Education is a behavioural science which aims to change behaviour and attitudes which militate against the achievement of these goals.
The Heart of Nursing
Authors: Kotzé W.
Published: November 2012

‘Grant me the virtues of self-understanding, self-acceptance and selfrespect’