bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete heart block and seizures in an adult with systemic lupus erythematosus: A possible pathophysiologic role for anti‐SS‐A/Ro and anti‐SS‐B/La autoantibodies
Authors: Mevorach Dror , Raz Eyal , Shalev Oded , Steiner Israel , Ben‐Chetrit Eldad
Published: May 2012

Objective. To determine the serum autoantibody profile in an adult patient with systemic lupus erythematosus manifested by complete heart block (CHB) and seizures, and to investigate the source of autoantibodies found in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods. The serum and CSF autoantibody profiles were determined by serologic testing and Western blot studies. An antibody activity index was devised to determine the source of the autoantibodies found in the CSF.

Results. The patient's serum contained anti‐SS‐A (52 kd and 60 kd), anti‐SS‐B, anti‐U1 RNP, and anti‐Sm autoantibodies. Studies of her CSF, however, revealed only anti‐SS‐A and anti‐SS‐B autoantibodies, with a high antibody activity index.

Conclusion. The finding of anti‐SS‐A (52 kd and 60 kd) and anti‐SS‐B autoantibodies was similar to reported findings in congenital CHB. Intrathecal synthesis of anti‐SS‐A and anti‐SS‐B was the source of autoantibodies found in the CSF. This patient's symptoms may be pathophysiologically linked to an immune reaction between the anti‐SS‐A and anti‐SS‐B autoantibodies and neural tissue in the brain and heart.
Ira M. Goldstein, MD, 1942–1992
Authors: Holmes Oliver Wendell
Published: May 2012

“Those who do not know the torment of the unknown cannot have the joy of discovery which is certainly the liveliest that the mind of man can ever feel. But by a whim of our nature, the joy of discovery, so sought and hoped for, vanishes as soon as found. … This is the feeling that made Priestley say that each discovery we make shows us many others that should be made; this is the feeling which Pascal expressed, when he said: We are in search never of things, but of the search for things.”
Multiple juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes demonstrate proinflammatory IgG glycosylation
Authors: Ercan Altan , Barnes Michael G. , Hazen Melissa , Tory Heather , Henderson Lauren , Dedeoglu Fatma , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Grom Alexei , Holm Ingrid A. , Kellogg Mark , Kim Susan , Adamczyk Barbara , Rudd Pauline M. , Son Mary Beth , Sundel Robert P. , Foell Dirk , Glass David N. , Thompson Susan D. , Nigrovic Peter A.
Published: May 2012

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with an excess of agalactosylated (G0) IgG that is considered relatively proinflammatory. Assessment of this association in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is complicated by age‐dependent IgG glycan variation. The aim of this study was to conduct the first large‐scale survey of IgG glycans in healthy children and patients with JIA, with a focus on early childhood, the time of peak JIA incidence.

Methods

IgG glycans from healthy children and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug–naive patients with JIA were characterized using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Agalactosylated glycans were quantitated with reference to monogalactosylated (G1) species. Associations were sought between the G0:G1 ratio and disease characteristics.

Results

Among healthy children ages 9 months to 16 years (n = 165), the G0:G1 ratio was highly age dependent, with the ratio peaking to 1.19 in children younger than age 3 years and declining to a nadir of 0.83 after age 10 years (Spearman's ρ = 0.60, P < 0.0001). In patients with JIA (n = 141), the G0:G1 ratio was elevated compared with that in control subjects (1.32 versus 1.02; P < 0.0001). The G0:G1 ratio corrected for age was abnormally high in all JIA subtypes (enthesitis‐related arthritis was not assessed), most strikingly in systemic JIA. Glycosylation aberrancy was comparable in patients with and those without antinuclear antibodies and in both early‐ and late‐onset disease and exhibited at most a weak correlation with markers of inflammation.

Conclusion

IgG glycosylation is skewed toward proinflammatory G0 variants in healthy children, in particular during the first few years of life. This deviation is exaggerated in patients with JIA. The role for IgG glycan variation in immune function in children, including the predilection of JIA for early childhood, remains to be defined.
Spontaneous Formation of Giant Polymer Vesicles through a Nucleation and Growth Pathway
Authors: Qian Hanqing , Yao Wei , Yu Shuling , Chen Ying , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiqun
Published: May 2012

The non‐membrane‐closing formation of polymer vesicles was demonstrated by the self‐assembly of an amphiphilic hydrogen‐bonded interpolymer complex of HPC and PAA. A dynamic‐formation process that involved a nucleation and growth pathway was observed experimentally that was different from the theoretical predictions of both the membrane‐closing model and the nucleation and growth model. A series of intermediate states between the solid spheres and vesicles were visually captured by the addition of an inorganic salt followed by dilution.
Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Fasern zur Reduzierung von Schrumpfrissen in Beton
Authors: Fontana Patrick , Pirskawetz Stephan
Published: May 2012

Es ist bekannt, dass eine Faserbewehrung die Schrumpfrissbildung in Beton vermindern kann. In der Literatur finden sich jedoch zum Teil widersprüchliche Angaben über die Wirksamkeit unterschiedlicher Faserarten, und deren Wirkungsmechanismus ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Fasern, die in Deutschland als Betonzusatzstoff eingesetzt werden sollen, bedürfen einer Zulassung durch das DIBt, das für den Nachweis ihrer Wirksamkeit zur Verminderung der Schrumpfrissbildung ein Prüfverfahren mit großformatigen Platten vorschreibt. In diesem Bericht werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie vorgestellt, in der die Eignung verschiedener Prüfverfahren hinsichtlich der Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Polymerfasern untersucht wurde. Dieser Bericht ist eine verkürzte Fassung eines Beitrags zum 52. Forschungskolloquium des DAfStb.
Mit Dieter Moor zum Deutschen Brückenbaupreis 2012
Authors: Stritzke Michael
Published: May 2012

Verleihung des Deutschen Brückenbaupreises und das 22. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium
INCREASING THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF DELAYED PUNISHERS: A REVIEW OF BASIC AND APPLIED LITERATURE
Authors: Meindl James N. , Casey Laura B.
Published: May 2012

Although punishment is a common feature in programs designed to suppress inappropriate responding, the delivery of punishment may be delayed for a variety of reasons. When punishment is delayed, the result may be a decrease in response suppression. It is therefore important to identify strategies to increase the effectiveness of delayed punishers. In this paper, basic and applied research on delayed punishment is reviewed. The delay‐of‐punishment gradient is described, and strategies are provided to increase the suppressive effect of delayed punishers. For each strategy identified, a conceptual account is provided describing how the strategy enables a delayed punisher to exert a suppressive effect. Furthermore, this paper suggests additional uninvestigated but potentially effective strategies and identifies problems with current research into delayed punishment. Finally, recommendations regarding future research into delayed punishers are provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human collagen isolated from adipose tissue
Authors: Kim Beob Soo , Choi Ji Suk , Kim Jae Dong , Yoon Hwa In , Choi Young Chan , Cho Yong Woo
Published: May 2012

Collagen, the most abundant protein in vertebrates, is a useful biomaterial in pharmaceutical and medical industries. So far, most collagen has been extracted from animals and cadavers. Herein, we suggest human adipose tissue, which is routinely abandoned after liposuction, as a plentiful source of human collagen. In this study, human collagen was obtained from adipose tissue through two successive major steps: (i) extraction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by pulverization, centrifugation, alkaline, and alcohol treatment; (ii) isolation of collagen from ECM by pepsin treatment in dilute acetic acid. The purified human adipose‐derived collagen was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The extracted collagen showed a typical triple helix structure, good thermal stability due to abundant imino acids, and high solubility at acidic pH. The collagen greatly facilitated the adhesion and proliferation of human adipose‐derived stem cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts on polystyrene plates. These results suggest that human adipose tissue obtained by liposuction can provide human collagen for use in cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and medicine. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 973–980, 2012
Malachite Green Derivatives for Two‐Photon RNA Detection
Authors: Lux Jacques , Peña Eduardo José , Bolze Frédéric , Heinlein Manfred , Nicoud Jean‐François
Published: May 2012

The design, preparation and characterisation of a library of malachite green (MG) derivatives for two‐photon RNA labelling is described. Some of these MG derivatives exhibit an increased affinity for an MG‐aptamer, as well as improved two‐photon sensitivity when compared to the classical malachite green chloride. The underlying mechanisms and potential benefits for in vivo RNA visualisation are discussed.
Efficient DNA Strand Displacement by a W‐Shaped Nucleoside Analogue (WNA‐βT) Containing an ortho‐Methyl‐Substituted Phenyl Ring
Authors: Aoki Eriko , Taniguchi Yosuke , Wada Yasumasa , Sasaki Shigeki
Published: May 2012

Molecules that can target duplex DNA with sequence selectivity have the potential to be useful tools in genomic research and also as therapeutic agents. Homopurine–homopyrimidine stretches in duplex DNA can be recognized by homopurine or homopyrimidine TFOs (triplex‐forming oligonucleotides) through the formation of triplex DNA. We have previously developed bicyclic nucleoside analogues (WNAs) for the formation of stable triplexes in the formation of stable antiparallel triplexes containing a TA or a CG interrupting site. In this study, we investigated the effects on triplex DNA formation of ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐methyl substituent groups on the aromatic ring of the WNA analogue. It was found that the homopurine TFO containing meta‐ and para‐methyl‐substituted WNA‐βT (mMe‐WNA‐βT, pMe‐WNA‐βT) stabilized triplexes containing a TA interrupting site or a GC site, respectively. Interestingly, the ortho‐methyl‐substituted WNA‐βT (oMe‐WNA‐βT) efficiently promoted DNA strand displacement to form the TFO/pyrimidine duplex. A detailed investigation showed that the duplex was in the antiparallel orientation and that its formation took place prior to triplex formation with the need for a magnesium cation. NOESY measurements indicated a significant difference in the rotation flexibilities of the phenyl rings of WNA‐βTs: that is, the conformation of the ortho‐methylated phenyl ring was stable in a temperature‐independent manner. It was speculated that the initial formation of a ternary complex was followed by strand displacement and then the formation of the TFO/pyrimidine duplex together with the TFO2/pyrimidine triplex formation during the early stage, and that the equilibrium shifted to the triplex during the later stage. Although the detailed role is still uncertain, the fixed phenyl ring of oMe‐WNA‐βT might play a role in the displacement reaction.
Percutaneous atrial Septal Occluder devices and cardiac erosion: A review of the literature
Authors: Crawford Geoffrey B. , Brindis Ralph G. , Krucoff Mitchell W. , Mansalis Benjamin P. , Carroll John D.
Published: May 2012

Objective

To systematically review all cases in the literature of erosion associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) occluder devices.

Background

Delayed erosion of the aortic or atrial wall is an infrequent but potentially lethal complication of percutaneous septal defect closure using an ASD device. The epidemiology is poorly understood.

Methods

The MEDLINE database was searched for cases of ASD occluder device‐associated erosion.

Results

Twenty‐five articles present erosion events associated with the AMPLATZER™ Septal Occluder (ASO) device (March 2002–June 2011), documenting 21 independent, surgically confirmed cases. Another 79 distinct events are reported in case series and review articles. Of all identified independent cases, 73 were reported in the United States. No articles associate the HELEX™ Septal occluder and erosions. Additional events are reported in association with FDA‐unapproved percutaneous defect closure devices (n = 16). Estimation of ASO erosion incidence is unreliable because the numerator (number of erosion events) and denominator (number of patients with an implanted device) are unknown; estimates range from 0.1 to 0.3%.

Conclusion

Cardiac erosion is a rare but serious complication of the ASO device. Erosion events are most often ascribed to device over‐sizing or deficient retro‐aortic rims; however, both consensus and evidence for a cogent risk factor(s) is lacking. Further assessment of the root cause of erosion and true incidence of this complication is required; analyses using control patients and/or device registry establishment represent logical next steps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of a Plate‐Type Catalytic Microreactor with CO2 Permeation Membrane for Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Fukuda T. , Maki T. , Mae K.
Published: May 2012

A method for designing membrane reactors with microchannels is discussed. The design equations were simplified under various assumptions, and a simple model that only incorporates the material balance equations was developed. The activity of the catalyst and the membrane capacity are important properties of a membrane reactor. In the proposed design method, these two parameters are combined into the nondimensional number κ. The simple model was applied to the water‐gas shift reaction and the results were compared with those obtained from the detailed model by computational fluid dynamics calculations. Moreover, a reactor was designed that could achieve a CO concentration of 10 ppm or less. In this plate‐type reactor, the temperature distribution in the channel can be controlled by adjusting the wall temperatures.
Chromatographic Reactors
Authors: Rodrigues A. E. , Pereira C. S. M. , Santos J. C.
Published: May 2012

Chromatographic reactors combining reaction and separation processes in a single unit of equipment are a way of achieving process intensification, which can lead to better energy efficiency, productivity improvement, and lower solvent consumption. In this review, two technologies for the implementation of chromatographic reactors, the simulated moving‐bed reactor and the pressure swing adsorptive reactor will be discussed with examples from liquid phase processes: green fuels (acetals) and solvents (ethyl lactate), petrochemicals (isomerization/separation of xylenes) and sugars (inversion of sucrose, glucose isomerization); and gas phase processes: hydrogen production from steam methane reforming with carbon dioxide capture.
Metal–Ligand Cooperation in Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroamination: A Computational Study of Iridium–Pyrazolato Cooperative Activation of Aminoalkenes
Authors: Tobisch Sven
Published: May 2012

The present study comprehensively explores diverse mechanistic pathways for intramolecular hydroamination of prototype 2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐penten‐1‐amine by Cp*Ir chloropyrazole (1; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in the presence of KOtBu base with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The most accessible mechanistic pathway for catalytic turnover commences from Cp*Ir pyrazolato (Pz) substrate adduct 2⋅S, representing the catalytically competent compound and proceeds via initial electrophilic activation of the olefin CC bond by the metal centre. It entails 1) facile and reversible anti nucleophilic amine attack on the iridium–olefin linkage; 2) IrC bond protonolysis via stepwise transfer of the ammonium NH proton at the zwitterionic [Cp*IrPz–alkyl] intermediate onto the metal that is linked to turnover‐limiting, reductive, cycloamine elimination commencing from a high‐energy, metastable [Cp*IrPz–hydrido–alkyl] species; and 3) subsequent facile cycloamine liberation to regenerate the active catalyst species. The amine–iridium bound 2 a⋅S likely corresponds to the catalyst resting state and the catalytic reaction is expected to proceed with a significant primary kinetic isotope. This study unveils the vital role of a supportive hydrogen‐bonded network involving suitably aligned β‐basic pyrazolato and cycloamido moieties together with an external amine molecule in facilitating metal protonation and reductive elimination. Cooperative hydrogen bonding thus appears pivotal for effective catalysis. The mechanistic scenario is consonant with catalyst performance data and furthermore accounts for the variation in performance for [Cp*IrPz] compounds featuring a β‐ or γ‐basic pyrazolato unit. As far as the route that involves amine NH bond activation is concerned, a thus far undocumented pathway for concerted amidoalkene → cycloamine conversion through olefin protonation by the pyrazole NH concurrent with NC ring closure is disclosed as a favourable scenario. Although not practicable in the present system, this pathway describes a novel mechanistic variant in late transition metal–ligand bifunctional hydroamination catalysis that can perhaps be viable for tailored catalyst designs. The insights revealed herein concerning the operative mechanism and the structure–reactivity relationships will likely govern the rational design of late transition metal–ligand bifunctional catalysts and facilitate further conceptual advances in the area.
Localization/Delocalization of Charges in Bay‐Linked Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Jiang Wei , Xiao Chengyi , Hao Linxiao , Wang Zhaohui , Ceymann Harald , Lambert Christoph , Di Motta Simone , Negri Fabrizia
Published: May 2012

The copper‐mediated Ullmann coupling of 1,7‐dibromoperylene bisimides afforded structurally perfect singly‐linked perylene bisimide (PBI) arrays, whilst the homo‐coupling of 1,12‐dibromoperylene bisimides gave doubly‐linked and triply‐linked diperylene bisimides. The interactions of three bay‐linked diperylene bisimides that differed in their linkage (singly, doubly, and triply) were investigated in their neutral and reduced forms (mono‐anion to tetra‐anion). UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed different degrees of interaction, which was explained by exciton coupling and conjugation effects. The electrochemical properties and spectroelectrochemistry also showed quite‐different degrees of PBI interactions in the reduced mixed‐valence species, which was apparent by the observation of CT bands. The interpretation of the experimental findings was supported by spin‐restricted and ‐unrestricted DFT and time‐dependent TD‐DFT calculations with the long‐range‐corrected CAM‐B3LYP functional. Accordingly, the degree of interaction in both the neutral and reduced forms of the bay‐linked PBIs was qualitatively in the order doubly linked<singly linked≪triply linked, owing to the different degrees of twisting and flexibility between the two PBIs moieties. Only triply linked diPBI showed completely delocalized wavefunctions over the entire π‐system.
Chiral J‐Aggregates of Atropo‐Enantiomeric Perylene Bisimides and Their Self‐Sorting Behavior
Authors: Xie Zengqi , Stepanenko Vladimir , Radacki Krzysztof , Würthner Frank
Published: May 2012

Herein we report on structural, morphological, and optical properties of homochiral and heterochiral J‐aggregates that were created by nucleation–elongation assembly of atropo‐enantiomerically pure and racemic perylene bisimides (PBIs), respectively. Our detailed studies with conformationally stable biphenoxy‐bridged chiral PBIs by UV/Vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed structurally as well as spectroscopically quite different kinds of J‐aggregates for enantiomerically pure and racemic PBIs. AFM investigations showed that enantiopure PBIs form helical nanowires of unique diameter and large length‐to‐width ratio by self‐recognition, while racemic PBIs provide irregular‐sized particles by self‐discrimination of the enantiomers at the stage of nucleation. Steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy studies revealed that the photoluminescence efficiency of homochiral J‐aggregated nanowires (47±3 %) is significantly higher than that of heterochiral J‐aggregated particle‐like aggregates (12±3 %), which is explained in terms of highly ordered molecular stacking in one‐dimensional nanowires of homochiral J‐aggregates. Our present results demonstrate the high impact of homochirality on the construction of well‐defined nanostructures with unique optical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed MetalII—MetalIV Hybrid Fluorides.
Authors: Lhoste Jerome , Adil Karim , Le Bail Armel , Leblanc Marc , Hemon‐Ribaud Annie , Maisonneuve Vincent
Published: May 2012

The new compounds [Ni(en)3]·(TiF6) (I), [PyH]2[Cu(Py)4(TiF6)2] (II), [PyH]2[Cu(Py)4(MoF6)2] (III), [H3O]2 [SiF6(CuF(Py)4)2]·(F)2 (IV), Cu(en)2TiF6 (V), and Cu(en)2SiF6 (VI) are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of TiO2, MoO2, SiO2, CuO or NiO, HF solution, Py, en, and EtOH (microwave heating, 160 °C, autoclave, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Closely Related Rare‐Earth Metal Germanides RE2Li2Ge3 and RE3Li4Ge4 (RE: La—Nd, Sm): Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Ping , You Tae‐Soo , Bobev Svilen
Published: May 2012

The title compounds are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Nb tubes, 1253—1358 K, 5 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and TB‐LMTO computations.
ChemInform Abstract: Host Sensitization of Tb3+ Ions in Tribarium Lanthanide Borates Ba3Ln(BO3)3 (Ln: Lu and Gd).
Authors: Wang De‐Yin , Chen Teng‐Ming , Cheng Bing‐Ming
Published: May 2012

The Tb3+‐doped and undoped title compounds are characterized by powder XRD and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Aerosol Route to MoO3—SiO2—Al2O3 Catalysts with Ordered Super Microporosity and High Olefin Metathesis Activity.
Authors: Debecker Damien P. , Stoyanova Mariana , Colbeau‐Justin Frederic , Rodemerck Uwe , Boissiere Cedric , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Sanchez Clement
Published: May 2012

The title catalysts are prepared by spraying of aqueous solutions containing Si(OEt)4, ethanol, a block copolymer (Brij58), AlCl3, and H3PMo12O40 or MoCl5, followed by fast drying of the obtained aerosol and calcination of the produced solid at 550 °C (8 h) resulting in complete removal of Brij58.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Layer Topology in the Crystal Structure of a New Organically Templated Uranyl Selenite‐Selenate.
Authors: Kovrugin Vadim M. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Tananaev Ivan G. , Myasoedov Boris F.
Published: May 2012

Yellowish green transparent plates of (Me2NH2) [(H5O2)(H2O)] [(UO2)2(SeO4)3 (H2SeO3)](H2O) are prepared from aqueous solutions of UO2(NO3)2, H2SeO4, and dimethylamine (20 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures and Properties of the New Lithium Cobalt(II) Phosphate Li4Co(PO4)2.
Authors: Glaum R. , Gerber K. , Schulz‐Dobrick M. , Herklotz M. , Scheiba F. , Ehrenberg H.
Published: May 2012

The new title compound α‐Li4Co(PO4)2 is synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Li4P2O7 and CoO (silica tube, 850 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Alleneamides with Alkenes via Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Li Xiao‐Xiao , Zhu Li‐Li , Zhou Wen , Chen Zili
Published: May 2012

The Au‐catalyzed treatment of alleneamides with electron‐rich alkenes allows an efficient access to functionalized cyclobutanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Various α‐Substituted Nitro Alkenes.
Authors: Fioravanti Stefania , Pellacani Lucio , Vergari Maria Cecilia
Published: May 2012

The synthesis of a variety of 2‐nitroallylic alcohols (VI), α‐nitro‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (III)/(IV) and (VIII)/(IX) is presented, involving a domino Henry condensation—dehydration—MBH reaction of β‐nitroethanol as well as α‐nitrocarbonyl compounds with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Branched Allylic Esters via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Allenes with Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Koschker Philipp , Lumbroso Alexandre , Breit Bernhard
Published: May 2012

The intermolecular asymmetric addition proceeds regioselectively affording valuable branched allylic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio‐Claisen Rearrangement Used in Preparing anti‐β‐Functionalized γ,δ‐Unsaturated Amino Acids: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Mehta Sukeshi J. , Lee Kwang‐Soo , Grossman Bryan , Qu Hongchang , Gu Xuyuan , Nichol Gary S. , Hruby Victor J.
Published: May 2012

FeBr3‐catalyzed or LDA‐mediated S‐alkylation of thioamides followed by thio‐Claisen rearrangement allows a regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective access to the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Polyfunctionalized Diquinanes, Hydrindans, and Decalines via TiCl4‐ Promoted Michael—Aldol and Baylis—Hillman Reactions.
Authors: Ressault Blandine , Jaunet Alexis , Goeffroy Philippe , Goudedranche Sebastien , Miesch Michel
Published: May 2012

Cyclopentanones and cyclohexanones tethered to α,β‐unsaturated ketones are treated with TiCl4 to afford mostly Michael‐aldol products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ring Fragmentation Approach to Medium‐Sized Cyclic 2‐Alkynones.
Authors: Tsvetkov Nikolay P. , Bayir Ali , Schneider Samuel , Brewer Matthias
Published: May 2012

The reaction of various bicyclic diazoketones of type (I) or (III) is mediated by SnCl4 to provide cyclic 2‐alkynones with a ring size up to 12 C‐atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Trifluoromethylation of 1,3‐Disubstituted Arenes Through Iridium‐Catalyzed Arene Borylation.
Authors: Liu Tianfei , Shao Xinxin , Wu Yaming , Shen Qilong
Published: May 2012

The sequential iridium‐catalyzed borylation and copper‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of arenes is performed under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine‐Catalyzed Double C—N Coupling Reaction of an Isocyanate with Two Benzynes.
Authors: Lee Yi‐Hsien , Chen Yen‐Chung , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh
Published: May 2012

Under optimized conditions variously substituted diaryl‐ and triarylamines are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Wittig Olefination via an Yttrium‐Coordinated Betaine.
Authors: Crimmin Mark R. , White Andrew J. P.
Published: May 2012

The title complex (I) is an exceedingly rare example of a hydrocarbon‐soluble, thermally stable, metal‐coordinated betaine which allows to study the Wittig olefination from an isolated intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Benzils by Oxidative Coupling Using Selenium Dioxide and p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate.
Authors: Rohman Md. Rumum , Kharkongor Icydora , Rajbangshi Mantu , Mecadon Hormi , Laloo Badaker M. , Sahu Priti R. , Kharbangar Iadeishisha , Myrboh Bekington
Published: May 2012

The coupling of the α‐carbon atom of aromatic/heteroaromatic ketones with unactivated arenes proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Suzuki‐Type Coupling of Allylic Bromides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Scrivanti Alberto , Beghetto Valentina , Bertoldini Matteo , Matteoli Ugo
Published: May 2012

The reactions are completely regioselective affording only the α‐coupled products by use of a base and wet boronic acids containing 1.4‐3.0 mol of water per mol of acid and without exclusion of air.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Aromatic C—H Insertion of α‐Diazo‐β‐ketoesters Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Cardenas Esdrey , Sabala Rocio , Romero‐Ortega Moises , Ortiz Aurelio , Olivo Horacio F.
Published: May 2012

Catalysts Rh2(esp)2 and Rh2(tpa)4 are shown to be superior to Rh2(OAc)4.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofuran Using Alkyne Prins Type Cyclization to Vinylogous Carbonates.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Prasath V.
Published: May 2012

trans‐2,3‐Disubstituted dihydrobenzofuran derivatives (VI) (13 examples) are stereoselectively obtained in an intramolecular, alkyne Prins‐type cyclization of vinylogous carbonates obtained from o‐alkynylphenols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Hu Min , Guzzo Peter R. , Zha Congxiang , Nacro Kassoum , Yang Yuh‐Lin , Hassler Carla , Liu Shuang
Published: May 2012

A Pd‐catalyzed α‐arylation of isoquinoline derivative (I) with aryl bromides affords the 4‐substituted products with different yields depending on the halide used.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 3‐(Ethoxycarbonylmethyl)isoxazolopyridone as a Precursor to Acylpyridones.
Authors: Jones Raymond C. F. , Iley James N. , Loizou Georgia
Published: May 2012

Title compounds (VI) and (XVI) are synthesized starting from esters (I) or (XII), resp., via dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides derived from the latter in situ with enamino‐ester (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Octahydroquinolizinones Aza‐Analogues of Terpenoid Skeletons.
Authors: Brandi Alberto , Cordero Franca M. , Vurchio Carolina , Lucentini Massimo , Cicchi Stefano
Published: May 2012

Title compounds [(VII) and (XI)] are synthesized starting from nitrones (I) or (VIII), resp., by rearrangement of spiro compounds (VI) or (X), resp., under flash vacuum thermolysis conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Spirophthalidyl Benzoxazinones.
Authors: Ferraro Caterina , Lengyel Istvan , Stephani Ralph
Published: May 2012

Condensation of N‐substituted anthranilic acids (I) with symmetrical phthaloyl dichloride (II) yields the spiro‐phthalidyl benzoxazinediones (III) which are considered as antimicrobial agents, in view of their similar structure to griseofulvin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐R‐7‐Amino‐3‐tert‐butylpyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐4(6H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Mironovich L. M. , Kostina M. V.
Published: May 2012

The exocyclic functional groups in cyclization products (III) undergo further reactions such as alkylation, acylation, azomethine formation, hydrazinolysis, and saponification.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dual Catalyst System Provides the Shortest Pathway for L‐Menthol Synthesis.
Authors: Maeda Hironori , Yamada Shinya , Itoh Hisanori , Hori Yoji
Published: May 2012

An efficient catalytic system, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Propylisofagomine Using Allylic Hydroxy Group Accelerated Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis.
Authors: Taguchi Tatsuya , Imahori Tatsushi , Yoshimura Yuichi , Kato Atsushi , Adachi Isao , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Takahata Hiroki
Published: May 2012

2‐Propylisofagomine (XIV) is prepared via a diastereoselective vinylation of aldehyde (IV), a ring‐closing metathesis of the resulting enyne (VI), and a stereoselective hydroboration—oxidation of alkene (XI) as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Disparlure.
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Zheng Jianfeng , Huang Peiqiang
Published: May 2012

The synthesis of one enantiomer of the title compound (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochromic Conjugated Polyheterocycles and Derivatives—Highlights from the Last Decade Towards Realization of Long Lived Aspirations
Authors: Gunbas Gorkem , Toppare Levent
Published: May 2012

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis: Historical Aspects
Authors: Marshall Garland R.
Published: May 2012

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Tsuda Yuko , Okada Yoshio
Published: May 2012

Review: 314 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Huisgen Cycloaddition in Peptidomimetic Chemistry
Authors: Pedersen Daniel Sejer , Abell Andrew David
Published: May 2012

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Ideal Catalyst: From Atomic Centers to a “Cocktail” of Catalysts
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: May 2012

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of gem‐Dihalovinyl Systems
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio
Published: May 2012

Review: 446 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction to the Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Rawal V. H. , Kozmin S. A.
Published: May 2012

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 50 Years of Oxacalix[3]arenes
Authors: Cottet Kevin , Marcos Paula M. , Cragg Peter J.
Published: May 2012

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendritic Effects: Dependency of Dendritic Nanoperiodic Propery Patterns on Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs)
Authors: Tomalia Donald A.
Published: May 2012

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homochiral Porous Metal‐Organic Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Functional Properties
Authors: Yutkin M. P. , Dybtsev D. N. , Fedin V. P.
Published: May 2012

Review: 175 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenolysis Goes Bio: From Carbohydrates and Sugar Alcohols to Platform Chemicals.
Authors: Ruppert Agnieszka M. , Weinberg Kamil , Palkovits Regina
Published: May 2012

Review: about 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Polymers Constructed by Crown Ether Based Molecular Recognition
Authors: Zheng Bo , Wang Feng , Dong Shengyi , Huang Feihe
Published: May 2012

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Kinome in Real Time with Fluorescent Peptides
Authors: Gonzalez‐Vera Juan A.
Published: May 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancing the Performances of Li‐Ion Batteries by Carbon‐Coating: Present and Future
Authors: Li Huiqiao , Zhou Haoshen
Published: May 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Luminescent Silver Nanodots for Biological Applications
Authors: Choi Sungmoon , Dickson Robert M. , Yu Junhua
Published: May 2012

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Molecular Machines: Function, Phase Order, Dimensionality, and Composition
Authors: Vogelsberg Cortnie S. , Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A.
Published: May 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Promoters in the Hydrogenation of Alkynes in Mixtures: Insights from Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lopez Nuria , Vargas‐Fuentes Crisa
Published: May 2012

Review: 139 refs.
Chiral Sulfur Compounds Studied by Raman Optical Activity: tert‐Butanesulfinamide and its Precursor tert‐Butyl tert‐Butanethiosulfinate
Authors: Qiu Shi , Li Guanna , Lu Shengmei , Huang Baokun , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can
Published: May 2012

Two chiral sulfur compounds, tert‐butyl tert‐butanethiosulfinate (1) and tert‐butanesulfinamide (2), with inversion of configuration, have been studied by Raman optical activity (ROA) and electronic circular dichroism combined with density functional theory calculation. With the S–S linkage in 1, the couplings between the two tertiary carbon atoms often generate large ROA signals, whereas the tertiary carbon atom itself generally makes a large contribution to ROA signals in 2 for similar vibrational modes. The conformational dependence of ROA parameters provides probing conformation around the S–S bond from a new perspective. The simultaneous use of electronic circular dichroism and ROA is warranted to extract reliable conformational information. ROA provides a suitable candidate for the stereochemical study of chiral sulfur compounds, especially its capability of sensing the conformation around the S–S bond. Chirality 24:731–740, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of concrete paving blocks (CPB) utilising electroplating residues – evaluation of mechanical and micro‐structural properties
Authors: Tavares Célia Regina Granhen , de Melo Franco Janaina
Published: May 2012

The objective of this study was to use electroplating waste [blasting dust (BD) and electroplating sludge] for the production of concrete paving blocks (CPBs) by means of the solidification/stabilisation technique and to characterise the mechanical and micro‐structural properties of CPBs. Granulometric tests showed that electroplating residues have a size range that allows their use as aggregates. Blocks were produced with compositions of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% BD and electroplating sludge, and reference blocks (REF) were produced without the addition of residues. Blocks were cured for 7, 14, 28, 60 or 90 days. The blocks produced with 5%, 10% and 15% BD had compression resistances at 28 days of 42.60 MPa, 37.57 MPa and 35.6 MPa, respectively, all of which are above the Brazilian limits for paved areas to be used by light vehicles (35 MPa). In contrast, the specimens produced with electroplating sludge behaved differently, probably due to their water/agglomerate ratio and the limited interaction of the cement matrix with the aggregate, which influenced the observed compression resistance values. Only the blocks manufactured with 5% electroplating sludge showed resistance values above the limit established by Brazilian standards (35.43 MPa), but the values were inferior to those of the reference block (37.35 MPa). Therefore, the characteristics of the electroplating residues (BD and electroplating sludge) are acceptable as raw materials in civil construction. The solidification/stabilisation technique also appeared to be quite promising for the incorporation of electroplating residues into cement matrix for the fabrication of CPBs. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Catalytic olefin polymerisation at short times: Studies using specially adapted reactors
Authors: McKenna Timothy F. L. , Tioni Estevan , Ranieri Maria Maddalena , Alizadeh Arash , Boisson Christophe , Monteil Vincent
Published: May 2012

Despite the fact that the very early stages (several tens of seconds) of catalysed olefin polymerisation processes appear negligibly short with respect to the residence time of most industrial reactors, they are critical in terms of catalyst activation, obtaining good particle morphology, and avoiding irreparable problems caused by particle overheating. The different types of reactors that have been used over the course of the past few years are discussed in this feature article. It is shown that despite the difficulties encountered in finding the perfect experimental tool for this purpose, different configurations of stopped flow reactors can be used successfully to explore different aspects of what happens to the catalyst (supported and molecular) during these critical moments of polymerisation. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The Hospital's Role in Improving Survival of Patients With Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Ewy Gordon A.
Published: May 2012

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health problem. Unfortunately, in spite of recurring updated guidelines, survival of patients with OHCA had been unchanged for decades. Recently, new approaches to patients with OHCA during the community and prehospital phases of therapy for cardiac arrest have resulted in a dramatic improvement in survival. Further improvement in survival has resulted from hospitals designated as Cardiac Receiving Centers. These centers are committed to the treatment of post‐cardiac arrest syndrome by providing 24/7 therapeutic mild hypothermia, urgent cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention, evidence‐based termination of resuscitation protocols that limit premature withdrawal of care, protocol to address organ donation, commitment of cardiocerebral resuscitation training in their community, and a commitment and proven ability of data collection to assure that instituted changes result in improved survival. This newer aspect of hospital practice is an aspect that needs to be embraced by either becoming a Cardiac Receiving Center or partnering with other hospitals that can provide this critically important service. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.21992

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Analysis of micro fracture in human Haversian cortical bone under compression
Authors: Jonvaux J. , Hoc T. , Budyn É.
Published: May 2012

A procedure to investigate local stress intensity factors in human Haversian cortical bone under compression is presented. The method combines a customised experimental setting for micro‐compression tests of millimetric bone specimens and a finite element contact model conforming to the bone morphology that tracks advancing microcracks. The non‐interpenetration conditions along the crack edges are ensured by penalty constraints of which the parameters are optimised for minimum contact pressure error with respect to the crack orientations. A cohesive crack opening law is implemented in the wake of the crack tips to remain consistent with the progressive tearing of collagen fibrils. The displacement solution is searched by a Newton–Raphson scheme containing a double loop first on the displacements and second on the frictional contact and cohesive condition updates at the crack interfaces. The experimental Dirichlet boundary conditions are acquired by digital image cross‐correlation of bone light microscopy observations and then imported into the model. The local mechanical elastic moduli are measured by nanoindentation and microextensometry. The comparison of the macroscopic stress–strain numerical response with the experiment reveals the existence of narrow diffuse damaged zones near the major cracks where the local stress intensity factors can be calculated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphics processing unit pricing of exotic cross‐currency interest rate derivatives with a foreign exchange volatility skew model
Authors: Dang Duy Minh , Christara Christina C. , Jackson Kenneth R.
Published: May 2012

We present a graphics processing unit (GPU) parallelization of the computation of the price of exotic cross‐currency interest rate derivatives via a partial differential equation (PDE) approach. In particular, we focus on the GPU‐based parallel pricing of long‐dated foreign exchange (FX) interest rate hybrids, namely power reverse dual currency (PRDC) swaps with Bermudan cancelable features. We consider a three‐factor pricing model with FX volatility skew, which results in a time‐dependent parabolic PDE in three spatial dimensions. Finite difference methods on uniform grids are used for the spatial discretization of the PDE, and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique is employed for the time discretization. We then exploit the parallel architectural features of GPUs together with the Compute Unified Device Architecture framework to design and implement an efficient parallel algorithm for pricing PRDC swaps. Over each period of the tenor structure, we divide the pricing of a Bermudan cancelable PRDC swap into two independent pricing subproblems, each of which can efficiently be solved on a GPU via a parallelization of the ADI timestepping technique. Numerical results indicate that GPUs can provide significant increase in performance over CPUs when pricing PRDC swaps. An analysis of the impact of the FX skew on such derivatives is provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The problem of upload competition in peer‐to‐peer systems with incentive mechanisms
Authors: Meulpolder M. , Meester L.E. , Epema D.H.J.
Published: May 2012

As peer‐to‐peer (P2P) file‐sharing systems revolve around cooperation, the design of upload incentives has been one of the most important topics in P2P research for more than a decade. Several deployed systems, such as private BitTorrent communities, successfully manage to foster cooperation by banning peers when their sharing ratio becomes too low. Interestingly, recent measurements have shown that such systems tend to have an oversupply instead of an undersupply of bandwidth designers that have been obsessed with since the dawn of P2P. In such systems, the ‘selfish peer’ problem is finally solved, but a new problem has arisen: because peers have to keep up their sharing ratios, they now have to compete to upload. In this paper, we explore this new problem and show how even highly cooperative peers might in the end not survive the upload competition. On the basis of recent measurements of over half a million peers in private P2P communities, we propose and analyze several algorithms for uploader selection under oversupply. Our algorithms enable sustained sharing ratio enforcement and are easy to implement in both existing and new systems. Overall, we offer an important design consideration for the new generation of P2P systems in which selfishness is no longer an issue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Object exploration in the developing rat: Methodological considerations
Authors: Heyser Charles J. , Ferris Jennifer S.
Published: May 2012

The current study was conducted to characterize the ontogeny of novel object recognition in rats. Initial testing (Experiment 1) was conducted in a square arena and it was observed that 21‐day‐old animals would often pause in the corners, greatly increasing between‐subject variability and performance in this test. Significantly greater object exploration and less variability were obtained using a circular arena. In Experiment 2, we report object exploration in 21, 35, 42, and 90‐day‐old male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats using a circular arena. The results show that measures of locomotor activity, object exploration, and within session habituation of these behaviors were surprisingly similar across all ages. Gender differences in locomotor activity were not observed until 42 days of age. Reliable recognition memory was observed at all ages. It is concluded that the novel object recognition test appears well suited for use in young rats. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 373–381, 2013
Sea snakes rarely venture far from home
Authors: Lukoschek Vimoksalehi , Shine Richard
Published: May 2012

The extent to which populations are connected by dispersal influences all aspects of their biology and informs the spatial scale of optimal conservation strategies. Obtaining direct estimates of dispersal is challenging, particularly in marine systems, with studies typically relying on indirect approaches to evaluate connectivity. To overcome this challenge, we combine information from an eight‐year mark‐recapture study with high‐resolution genetic data to demonstrate extremely low dispersal and restricted gene flow at small spatial scales for a large, potentially mobile marine vertebrate, the turtleheaded sea snake (Emydocephalus annulatus). Our mark‐recapture study indicated that adjacent bays in New Caledonia (<1.15 km apart) contain virtually separate sea snake populations. Sea snakes could easily swim between bays but rarely do so. Of 817 recaptures of marked snakes, only two snakes had moved between bays. We genotyped 136 snakes for 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and found statistically significant genetic divergence between the two bays (FST= 0.008,P< 0.01). Bayesian clustering analyses detected low mixed ancestry within bays and genetic relatedness coefficients were higher, on average, within than between bays. Our results indicate that turtleheaded sea snakes rarely venture far from home, which has strong implications for their ecology, evolution, and conservation.