bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enoxaparin and rivaroxaban have different effects on human mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of bone healing
Authors: Pilge H. , Fröbel J. , Prodinger P. M. , Mrotzek S. J. , Fischer J. C. , Zilkens C. , Bittersohl B. , Krauspe R.
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major potential complication following orthopaedic surgery. Subcutaneously administered enoxaparin has been used as the benchmark to reduce the incidence of VTE. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term administration of enoxaparin and its possible negative effects on bone healing and bone density with an increase of the risk of osteoporotic fractures. New oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban have recently been introduced, however, there is a lack of information regarding how these drugs affect bone metabolism and post-operative bone healing.

Methods

We measured the migration and proliferation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under enoxaparin or rivaroxaban treatment for three consecutive weeks, and evaluated effects on MSC mRNA expression of markers for stress and osteogenic differentiation.

Results

We demonstrate that enoxaparin, but not rivaroxaban, increases the migration potential of MSCs and increases their cell count in line with elevated mRNA expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and alpha-B-crystallin (CryaB). However, a decrease in early osteogenic markers (insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2), bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2)) indicated inhibitory effects on MSC differentiation into osteoblasts caused by enoxaparin, but not by rivaroxaban.

Conclusions

Our findings may explain the adverse effects of enoxaparin treatment on bone healing. Rivaroxaban has no significant impact on MSC metabolism or capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Cite this article: Dr H. Pilge. Enoxaparin and rivaroxaban have different effects on human mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of bone healing. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:95–100. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000595.
Variaciones sobre las derivaciones jurisprudenciales a partir del inciso final de la DA 20.ª ET
Authors: Treviño Pascual Mariano
Published: March 2016

La Sala de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo introdujó un importante matiz en su primera doctrina, para establecer que «la contratación laboral en la Administración Pública al margen de un sistema adecuado de ponderación de mérito y capacidad impide equiparar (a quienes se encuentran en esa situación) a trabajadores fijos de plantilla». Eso quiere decir que aunque el trabajador con contrato temporal al que se le prolongue la relación de empleo se considere con «contrato indefinido», no consolida la situación de «fijeza», que sólo puede alcanzarse mediante los correspondientes procedimientos selectivos. La Sala de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo, —entre julio de 2013 y junio de 2014— ha admitido, en el ámbito de la relación laboral en el empleo público, la estrecha relación que existe entre la extinción contractual por amortización de la plaza y la extinción de los contratos de trabajo de carácter temporal por agotamiento del plazo de vigencia, aunque consideraba innecesario acudir a los procedimientos de extinción colectiva o individual por causas objetivas previstos en los artículos 51 y 52.c) del ET. Y en recientes pronunciamientos el TS ha matizado su posición tradicional, que ha dado lugar a un nuevo avance motivado por la entrada en vigor de la disposición adicional vigésima del ET con relación al personal laboral de las Administraciones públicas, a quien a partir de ahora se aplica lo dispuesto en los artículos 51 y 52.c) del ET. Pues, como señala «el último párrafo de esta Adicional al dar prioridad de permanencia al personal fijo evidencia que la misma se aplica, también, al personal indefinido no fijo y al interino por vacante».
Perceptores de subsidio para mayores de 55 años: cara y cruz de los trabajos de colaboración social
Authors: Fernández Mingo Miriam
Published: March 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar la incidencia de la crisis económica de estos últimos años en el recurso a otras figuras distintas del trabajador por cuenta ajena y, en consecuencia, excluidas de la protección del Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, en cuanto a que no cumplen con alguna de las notas de laboralidad del artículo 1.1 del ET. En este contexto, se estudia cómo están evolucionando los trabajos de colaboración social en busca de soluciones a la crisis del sistema, con un desmesurado crecimiento de las adscripciones, de modo mayoritario en los perceptores de subsidio para mayores de 55 años que han agotado la prestación por desempleo y que presentan especiales dificultades de inserción laboral. Se están construyendo figuras híbridas, desdibujando fronteras y están naciendo nuevos estatus sociales huyendo de la laboralidad.
La inclusión de la «cuestión ecológica» en el currículo de los/as graduados/as en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos
Authors: Lerma Montero Ignasi
Published: March 2016

La crisis ecológica continúa acumulando indicadores cada vez más alarmantes. Su resolución reclama un nuevo modelo de desarrollo humano, fundamentado en los principios de equidad y limitación del crecimiento a la capacidad de sustentación del planeta, que implica la necesidad de profundas modificaciones en los procesos de producción y en las relaciones sociales de producción. Requiere pues, resolver y decidir —de forma consciente— sobre el dilema que plantea la sostenibilidad para el futuro de nuestras sociedades tanto a nivel local como global.

En este trabajo se formula un marco teórico del campo de interacciones entre la «cuestión ecológica» y los sistemas de relaciones laborales, a partir del cual se desarrolla una propuesta de contenidos curriculares mediante núcleos temáticos y su articulación docente, atendiendo al perfil profesional de los futuros Graduados en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos.
Una Historia de las relaciones laborales para no historiadores en un contexto de crisis
Authors: Galán García Agustín , Martínez Rodríguez Susana
Published: March 2016

La mayoría de las universidades españolas han concluido ya el proceso de implantación de los nuevos grados. En unos casos, este proceso ha supuesto, además de una mayor carga de trabajo para los docentes, un mero cambio nominal con escasas manifestaciones prácticas. En otros, por el contrario, las modificaciones han sido más profundas y de mayor aplicación. Incluso tenemos numerosas publicaciones que a modo de balance van ofreciendo los resultados alcanzados y las percepciones obtenidas (Iglesias de Ussel y otros, 2009).

No tenemos constancia, sin embargo, de que los contenidos de las distintas asignaturas se hayan adaptado a la nueva orientación que el grado que nos ocupa ha querido incorporar. Proponemos en esta comunicación una revisión de los programas que se están impartiendo en las asignaturas de historia de las relaciones laborales, al margen de la denominación concreta que reciba en cada una de las universidades. En segundo lugar presentaremos una propuesta de conjunto de cuáles, a nuestro juicio, deben ser los contenidos y las orientaciones que debe incorporar un programa que no tiene como destinatarios a futuros historiadores pero que se ha revelado esencial para contextualizar y comprender el carácter realmente complejo y dinámico de las relaciones laborales. En cuarto y último lugar abordaremos el papel explicativo de nuestra materia en el contexto de crisis en el que nos encontramos y nuestra participación, en calidad de docentes de esta materia, en el debate social del momento.

En definitiva, reivindicamos en esta comunicación una actualización de los contenidos atendiendo, al menos, a dos cuestiones que deberían de haberlos condicionado: la llegada el Espacio Europeo de Educación superior y, en segundo lugar, al contexto social y económico en el que nos encontramos.
REDD Policy in Indonesia Reality in Grey Area
Authors: Bram Deni
Published: March 2016

This note focuses on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), an international framework that aims to curb carbon emissions by reducing deforestation. Meanwhile international negotiators discuss the environmental benefits of REDD, which will likely be implemented in the Kyoto Protocol's post-2012 commitment period. Indonesia as one of countries with a high rate of deforestation and has large number of tropical forests of course become the main actor in REDD regime. Indonesia policy regarding REDD+ is the first come to response it in the regulation scope. Nowadays Indonesia has a lot of REDD+ project that based on voluntary approach and some of them are already finished. This condition makes the legitimacy of REDD+ regime in Indonesia to be questioned and seemed play in grey area because there is no legally binding formulation about REDD+ in international area but already exist in Ministry of Forestry level. This paper will emphasize some of the main issues related to REDD+ in international and Indonesia context. Firstly, the background on the adoption concept of REDD+ in international discourse and the debate from developed and developing countries perspective about it. Secondly, trace the basic legitimacy of REDD+ implementation in Indonesia based on regulations and stakeholder was involved in REDD+ project. Lastly, the response that should be done from the clearly position of REDD+ in Indonesia. This response was in order to encourage the legitimation of legal instrument and legal institution that can accommodate the implementation of REDD+ projects in Indonesia. This paper will also to conducting REDD+ national concept by doing the lessons learnt on other forest state national policy. The conclusion of this paper can provide a clear position on the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia starting from the validity of the existing legal policies until give optional model for others countries.
JENIS TINDAK TUTUR YANG MENGIKUTI INTERJEKSI PANGGILAN DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria
Published: March 2016

[Types of Speech Acts Following Calling Interjection In Japanese] In speaking, there are times when a calling interjection can be followed by more than one type of speech acts. This research discusses the calling interjection which are used by male speakers in the film Brother Beat. In addition, this study also discussed what kind of speech acts that may follow the call in a speech interjection. The data in this study is a narrative that contains interjection calling spoken by male speakers in the Brother Beat movie. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, the researcher usesscrutinize technique and tapping notes method. The results obtained in this research are, calling interjection, such as Anosa, oi, Anona, nee, you, and ano, are often used by male speakers to call the addressees. After the calling interjection, directive speech act and assertive speech act are speech act which appear to follow the calling interjection. Interjection ano sa, oi, anona, and ano, are types of calling interjection which can be followed by a directive speech acts and assertive speech act. In the other hand, calling interjection of nee, can be only  followed by a directive speech act, while calling interjection of you can be followed by a ssertives speech act.
Peran Pemangku Kepentingan Dalam Pembentukan Komunitas Guna Mencapai Ketahanan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Kusumatantya Irine
Published: March 2016

Perubahan iklim telah menjadi masalah global yang mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan, seperti kenaikan muka air laut yang menyebabkan banjir dan rob. Pengukuran upaya adaptasi dibutuhkan untuk melewati masalah ini. Hal tersebut akan lebih efisien dan efektif jika pengukuran adaptasi dilakukan secara komunal melalui pengembangan masyarakat. Meski demikian, akses dan sumberdaya yang terbatas membuat masyarakat sulit untuk beradaptasi. Oleh sebab itu, intervensi dari stakeholder lain dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan akses dan untuk mendorong masyarakat dalam pengembangannya. Tidak seperti pada negara maju, partisipasi masyarakat di negara berkembang masih butuh untuk dikendalikan atau didorong oleh intervensi sebagian stakeholder. Setiap stakeholder memiliki tugas, fungsi, dan tanggung jawab yang berbeda sehingga mereka dapat melengkapi satu sama lain. Mereka yang terlibat dalam pengembangan masyarakat berasal dari tiga sektor, yaitu pemerintah, LSM, masyarakat itu sendiri. Dalam menjalankan perannya, para stakeholder bisa jadi tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya. Disfungsi peran akan memberi efek negatif pada keberlanjutan komunitas yang terbentuk. Salah satu contohnya adalah pembentukan kelompok tabungan perumahan di Kecamatan Panjang Baru, Pekalongan. Pada prosesnya, kesalahan peran terjadi. Hal tersebut menyebabkan pengembangan masyarakat yang stagnan dan melemahkan ketahanan sosial-ekonomi dari masyarakat yang sudah dibangun melalui pengembangan kelompok tabungan perumahan tersebut.
aktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengembangan Klaster Batik Laweyan-Surakarta Menuju Ekonomi Lokal Berkelanjutan
Authors: Muin Abdul
Published: March 2016

Kondisi ekonomi Kampung Batik Laweyan Surakarta sebagai klaster ekonomi masih belum cukup baik dibanding masa kejayaannya tahun 1970an meskipun sudah ada peningkatan sejak 2004. Kini kawasan itu tengah mendapat banyak perhatian masyarakat dan pemerintah. Bahkan banyak pakar telah mengulas keberadaannya yang merupakan gambaran bahwa kawasan ini begitu penting dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Untuk dapat mengembangkan klaster hingga tercapai proses ekonomi yang berkelanjutan, maka perlu diketahui faktor utama yang mempengaruhinya. Faktor itu dapat berupa kondisi dan kegiatan yang merupakan kendala dan potensinya. Ada faktor yang diketahui secara umum, namun ada pula faktor yang khusus ada di Kampung Batik Laweyan, dan untuk mengetahuinya maka dilakukan penelitian ini. Dalam menentukan variabel yang akan diteliti maka dilakukan dengan mengambil faktor dari teori yang dinyatakan oleh beberapa pakar (pendekatan positivistik), dipadukan dengan variabel dalam hasil penelitian sebelumnya (pendekatan rasionalistik). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan mencari sebanyak mungkin pendapat pengusaha dan menyimpulkannya secara umum sebagai gambaran mengenai faktor yang menjadi persepsi seluruh pengusaha yang ada di kawasan tersebut. Dari 25 variabel yang dipertanyakan terhadap pelaku usaha, dengan analisis faktor dihasilkan bahwa terdapat 7 (tujuh) faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan klaster Batik Laweyan menuju ekonomi lokal berkelanjutan yaitu faktor kinerja pengusaha (13,79%), dukungan pemerintah daerah (13,27%), pemanfaatan sumber daya (11,97%), manajemen perusahaan (11,59%), karakteristik sosial (9,62%), kekuatan bisnis lokal (9,14%) dan pembelian non lokal (5,30%). Faktor kinerja pelaku usaha memiliki variabel utama berupa tindakan bersama untuk kepercayaan serta kaderisasi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa yang paling penting untuk mendapat perhatian adalah pengusahannya.
Perbedaan Harga Lahan Sebagai Akibat Terjadinya Fenomena Percampuran Ruang Bermukim di Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Semarang (Studi Kasus Perumahan Formal dan Informal di Kelurahan Pedalangan & Bulusan)
Authors: Gustiana Wily Alfi
Published: March 2016

Suburbanization is  a  process  to  shape  built  areas  as  an  impact  urban development  expansion (Wiratmaja, 2002:33). The real form of suburbanization is shift settlements activity towards suburban area. Therefore, many new development settlements are made to accommodate city core inhabitants at this time. Pedalangan Subdistrict and Bulusan which are part of Banyumanik District also Tembalang has been filled by new formal settlements such as Graha Estetika, Graha Sapta Asri, Grand Tembalang Regency, Villa Tembalang, and Korpri. Whereas, urban settlements in Pedalangan Subdistrict also Bulusan is not only consist of estate that is part of formal settlements but also Kampong which is a part of informal settlements. Mostly, new developments of formal settlements build nearby informal settlements that have been there first. These things have a potential thing to emerge disparity related social, economic, cultural, physical, and spatial aspect. One of the most spatial impacts that will appear is the land price differentiation between formal and informal settlements. Based on that phenomenon is formulated statement research “There was land price differentiation as an impact of  mix  urban settlements between formal and informal settlements in suburban area.” This research aims to identify land price differentiation that occurred as an impact of mix urban settlements in suburban area. In order to achieve that purpose, the process of identification and analysis need to carry on towards factors that could affect the land price such as land physic characteristic, accessibility, facility and infrastructure availability, ownership status, and environmental quality. This research will  use  quantitative descriptive analysis with descriptive statistics based on the results of questionnaires and observation. Based on findings, that indicate there are only two factors that can be land price differentiation between formal and informal settlements is the ease of accessibility and facility and infrastructure availability. The  land  physic  characteristic, ownership  status,  and  environmental  quality  can  not  to identify land price differentiation because of these characteristics of each these factors are almost equally between formal and informal settlements. Based on the results of the study findings it can be concluded that there are land price differentiation between formal and informal settlements caused by mix urban settlements. It also need a form of  problem solve such as zoning regulation, land conversion regulation, land transaction regulation, land taxation, and regulation of new building that aims to control development of suburban areas to be more focused by considering the integration process physical, social, and economic community.
Dampak Degradasi Lingkungan Terhadap Potensi Pengembangan Ekowisata Berkelanjutan di Delta Mahakam: Suatu Tinjauan
Authors: Adikusuma Dana , Rusadi Emmy Yuniarti , Hayuni Nurvina
Published: March 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan konsep umum pengembangan ekowisata di wilayah kepesisiran Delta Mahakam berdasarkan fenomena degradasi lingkungan yang ada. Metode yang digunakan meliputi metode deskriptif analitis dengan menelaah secara kritis dan komprehensif dari berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Berbagai penelitian yang dilakukan bukan hanya terbatas pada pendekatan sains dan teknologi namun juga kebijakan pengembangan wilayah berbasis isu-isu strategis terkini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa fenomena degradasi lingkungan di Delta Mahakam telah berada pada tingkat yang sangat parah, yaitu hampir seluas 80 % dari 1000 Km2. Faktor utama degradasi lingkungan tersebut, yaitu konversi lahan, eksploitasi migas. Diperlukan upaya yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan untuk mengurangi dampak degradasi lingkungan yang salah satu upayanya adalah kegiatan pengembangan ekowisata. Kegiatan tersebut menekankan pada tiga prinsip penting, yaitu nilai konservasi, pelibatan masyarakat dan berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan pada tiga aspek tersebut maka pada penelitian ini menyimpulkan tiga konsep dasar dalam kegiatan pengembangan ekowisata kepesisiran. Terdapat beberapa indikator pada masing-masing konsep tersebut. Konsep tersebut meliputi konsep penataan kebijakan, konsep pengelolaan biogeofisik dan konsep pengelolaan ekowisata berkelanjutan.
Choque térmico na superação da dormência de diásporos de Tectona grandis L. f.
Authors: De Souza Ferreira Rômullo Quirino , Camargo Marília Oliveira , Souza Junior Manoel Ribeiro , Souza Priscila Bezerra de , Oliveira Lucicléia Mendes de
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar tratamentos pré-germinativos para superar dormência de diásporos de Tectona grandis L. f.O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes e no viveiro da UFT - Campus de Gurupi. A coleta dos diásporos foi realizada emseis árvores matrizespresentes no sistema agroflorestal. Os tratamentos testados foram: (T1) diásporos intactos; (T2) aquecimento dos diásporos em estufa a 80 ºC por 12 h, sem imersão em água; (T3) aquecimento dos diásporos em estufa a 80 ºC por 12 h, seguido de imersão em água por 6 h; (T4) aquecimento dos diásporos em estufa a 80 ºC por 12 h, seguido de imersão em água por 8 h; (T5) aquecimento dos diásporos em estufa a 80 ºC por 12 h, seguido de imersão em água por 10 h; (T6) embebição por 16 h dos diásporos à noite e aquecimento ao sol por 8h durante o dia, seguido de embebição no final por 24 h; (T7) embebição por 16 h dos diásporosà noite e aquecimento ao sol por 8 h, por três dias, e embebição no final por 24h. Foi avaliada a emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e biomassa. As médias foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade.Conclui-se que o tratamento (T2)proporcionou os melhores resultados de porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência, mas ainda proporcionou baixos valores, necessitando novos estudos com essa espécie.
Zwischen dem Großen Erwählten und Westminster Überlegungen zum Demokratieverständnis von Aung San Suu Kyi
Authors: Zöllner Hans-Bernd
Published: March 2016

Between the Great Elect and Westminster – Some Reflections on Aung San Suu Ky’s Concept of Democracy. In view of the elections in Myanmar held on November 8, 2015, the article investigates the concept of democracy set forth by the country’s best known politician, Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. She invokes two traditions of “democracy” that contradict each other in terms of the role of the opposition. The Buddhist concept of the Maha-sammata, the Great Select, that the Burmese leader invokes as a Burmese model of democracy is elected unanimously and for life. The relevance of this model for Burma’s and Myanmar’s political culture is substantiated by empirical evidence like the outcome of elections since the beginning of the twentieth century until the recent elections held in 2015. On the other hand, the leader of Myanmar’s most successful party looks at a Westminster style democracy based on the idea that a loyal opposition controls the government as a model for the country’s future political development. Even after the free and fair elections in 2015, it will be one of the most important tasks of Myanmar politics to solve this “opposition dilemma”.
Myanmarforschung 2015: Interdisziplinäre Tagung zur Vernetzung der deutschsprachigen Myanmarforschenden
Authors: Winterberger Georg
Published: March 2016

Myanmar is facing a phase of change. The opening of the country in 2011 has consequences on the political, economic and social level. This phase is very complex and not yet thoroughly explored and understood, therefore, there is a growing number of scientists who do or plan research in Myanmar. The conference “Myanmarforschung 2015 – Interdisziplinäre Tagung zur Vernetzung der deutschsprachigen Myanmarforschenden” (Myanmar research 2015 – interdisciplinary conference for networking of German speaking Myanmar researchers), which was held from July 23th to 25th 2015 at the University of Zurich, had the aim to give a platform to these scientists for sharing their knowledge. This paper gives an overview and background information about this conference and it reports about the presentations, which were held in Zurich.
Choosing Peace Instead of War. A Lesson from Athenian Democracy
Authors: Economou Emmanouil M.L. , Kyriazis Nicholas C.
Published: March 2016

The present essay discusses how a society can make decisions on specific issues according to how flexible or rigid it is in accepting new ideas and trends. Then, it explains how Athenian society abandoned war in favor of a grand peace strategy during the second half of the 4th century BCE. To achieve this, two visionary Athenian policymakers, Eubulus and Lycurgus, introduced fiscal expansionary policy programs which proved beneficial for the majority of the citizens. Through expansionary public works programs, Athenian citizens were now able to make decisions based on rational choices, based on a wider economic prospective. They could now gain more during periods of peace (as traders, ship-owners, “industrialists” etc.), providing compensation to the poor.
Rb2Ca2Si3O9: the first rubidium calcium silicate
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Müllner Michael , Schmidmair Daniela , Perfler Lukas , Többens Daniel M.
Published: March 2016

The crystal structure of Rb2Ca2Si3O9 has been characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and Raman spectroscopy. Crystal growth was performed by the flux method in closed platinum capsules using a polycrystalline ceramic precursor as well as RbCl as a mineralizer. The crystal structure was solved from a single-crystal diffraction data set acquired at 23 °C and refined to a final residual of R(|F|)=0.022 for 1871 independent reflections. Basic crystallographic data are as follows: monoclinic symmetry, space group type P1n1, a=6.5902(3) Å, b=7.3911(3) Å, c=10.5904(4) Å, β=93.782(3)°, V=514.72(3) Å3, Z=2. With respect to the silicate anions the compound can be classified as a sechser single-chain silicate. The undulated chains run parallel to [-101] and are connected by Rb and Ca cations, which are distributed among four crystallographically independent sites. In a first approximation the coordination polyhedra of the two different calcium ions in the asymmetric unit can be described by distorted trigonal prisms and tetragonal pyramids, respectively. The two rubidium sites exhibit more irregular coordination spheres with eight to nine next neighbors. Structural investigations on the new phase are completed by solid state micro-Raman spectroscopy. DFT-calculations were employed for the interpretation of the spectroscopic data including the allocation of the bands to certain vibrational species.
The Politcs of Europeanism: “God” in Ernst Troeltsch’s War and Post-War Writings
Authors: Schmiedel Ulrich
Published: March 2016

Folgt man den Theologen der Krise um Karl Barth, dann zeigt das Manifest An die Kulturwelt von 1914, dass eine Historisierung des Gottesbegriffs zur theologischen Unterstützung von Imperialismus und Militarismus führt. Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) galt und gilt als der Theologe des Historismus. Obwohl er das Manifest nicht unterschrieben hat, wirft es seinen langen Schatten auch auf Troeltschs Bestimmung(en) des Gottesgedankens.

Ausgehend von einer Analyse ausgewählter Kriegs- und Nachkriegsschriften Troeltschs argumentiere ich, dass Troeltsch eine politische Theologie formuliert, die kulturellem Relativismus wie kulturellem Absolutismus entgegenwirken kann, gerade weil sie den Gottesgedanken historisiert. Troeltschs Historisierung des Gottesgedankens verhindert, dass Gott für die Zwecke dieser oder jener Kultur instrumentalisiert werden kann. Seine politische Theologie kulminiert in der Begriffsbestimmung des Europäismus, auf dessen Potential für die intra- und die interkulturelle Kommunikation im heutigen Europa ich abschließend zu sprechen komme. Um dieses Potential zu nutzen, muss man aber die Theologie(n) beleuchten, auf die das Manifest seinen Schatten geworfen hat.

For theologians such as Karl Barth the support for Germany’s militaristic ambitions and actions voiced in the manifesto An die Kulturwelt, published in 1914, was a consequence of the historicization of theology. Ernst Troeltsch (1865- 1923), whose interdisciplinary thinking revolved around the significance of history for theology, was labeled the theologian of historicism. Although he had not signed the manifesto, it continues to throw a smokescreen over Troeltsch’s theology.

Examining a selection of both his war writings and his post-war writings, I argue that Troeltsch conceptualized a political theology which led him to turn from a clash of cultures to a conversation of cultures. Troeltsch’s historicization of the concept of God allowed him to resist cultural relativism as well as cultural absolutism. Culminating in the concept of “Europeanism (Europäismus)”, Troeltsch’s political theology is instructive for a variety of intra- and inter-cultural conversations in Europe today. But in order to unlock its potential, the smokescreen which the manifesto has thrown over Troeltsch’s theology needs to be lifted.
Dielectric, Electromechanical and Elastic Properties of K (NH ) H PO Compounds
Authors: Korotkov L. , Likhovaja Likhovaja , Levitsky R. , Zachek I. , Vdovych A.
Published: March 2016

We describe the available experimental data for the dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the  antiferroelectric crystals, using the proposed microscopic theory. Within the framework of the thermodynamic theory and using the obtained experimental data we calculate the dielectric, piezoelectrlic, and elastic characteristics of the  compounds at > 0.32.
The Capacity to Act in Trans Varies Among Drosophila Enhancers
Authors: Blick Amanda J , Mayer-Hirshfeld Ilana , Malibiran Beatriz R , Cooper Matthew A , Martino Pieter A , Johnson Justine E , Bateman Jack R
Published: March 2016

The interphase nucleus is organized such that genomic segments interact in cis, on the same chromosome, and in trans, between different chromosomes. In Drosophila and other Dipterans, extensive interactions are observed between homologous chromosomes, which can permit enhancers and promoters to communicate in trans. Enhancer action in trans has been observed for a handful of genes in Drosophila, but it is as yet unclear whether this is a general property of all enhancers or specific to a few. Here, we test a collection of well-characterized enhancers for the capacity to act in trans. Specifically, we tested 18 enhancers that are active in either the eye or wing disc of third instar Drosophila larvae and, using two different assays, found evidence that each enhancer can act in trans. However, the degree to which trans-action was supported varied greatly between enhancers. Quantitative analysis of enhancer activity supports a model wherein an enhancer’s strength of transcriptional activation is a major determinant of its ability to act in trans, but that additional factors may also contribute to an enhancer’s trans-activity. In sum, our data suggest that a capacity to activate a promoter on a paired chromosome is common among Drosophila enhancers.
Persistence of RNAi-Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila Complicates Mosaic Analysis Yet Enables Highly Sensitive Lineage Tracing
Authors: Bosch Justin A , Sumabat Taryn M , Hariharan Iswar K
Published: March 2016

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful way of reducing gene function in Drosophila melanogaster tissues. By expressing synthetic short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using the Gal4/UAS system, knockdown is efficiently achieved in specific tissues or in clones of marked cells. Here we show that knockdown by shRNAs is so potent and persistent that even transient exposure of cells to shRNAs can reduce gene function in their descendants. When using the FLP-out Gal4 method, in some instances we observed unmarked “shadow RNAi” clones adjacent to Gal4-expressing clones, which may have resulted from brief Gal4 expression following recombination but prior to cell division. Similarly, Gal4 driver lines with dynamic expression patterns can generate shadow RNAi cells after their activity has ceased in those cells. Importantly, these effects can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the cell autonomy of knockdown phenotypes. We have investigated the basis of this phenomenon and suggested experimental designs for eliminating ambiguities in interpretation. We have also exploited the persistence of shRNA-mediated knockdown to design a sensitive lineage-tracing method, i-TRACE, which is capable of detecting even low levels of past reporter expression. Using i-TRACE, we demonstrate transient infidelities in the expression of some cell-identity markers near compartment boundaries in the wing imaginal disc.
Sistem Politik Indonesia Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Komara Endang
Published: March 2016

This article was written with the purpose to provide analysis of the Indonesian political system after the reform. As we know that the political system is often regarded as the allocation of values ​​developed in the midst of society and every citizen appreciate them as ways of life. Appreciation of the value in the middle of the community is an achievement that fought to be obtained. Efforts made by doing internal intergenerational mobility of the political community to achieve the degree of political stability. Post-reform, the political system for the better, in which the role of the people more real in terms of repositioning the political system, from the selection of members of DPR / DPRD, DPD member elections, up to the local elections directly. The distribution of power is already at a level that means, it’s just that people in the region do not yet have the ability to understand that the distribution of power is an opportunity to develop the region. In contrast, the distribution of power in the area it gave birth to the corrupt spirit ingrained in people’s lives. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2814
Aktualisasi Demokrasi Pancasila dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: March 2016

Democracy, as well as a fundamental principle in virtually all countries, has also become principles in the country. Several typologies of democracy indicates a new pattern generated from the basic theory of democracy. Pancasila Democracy is essentially the norms regulating the conduct of the people’s sovereignty and the running state government, in the political, economic, social, cultural, and defense, for every citizen of the Republic of Indonesia, both at central and regional levels. The concept of Pancasila democracy excavated from the original values of the society that developed in Indonesia. Pancasila Democracy is a middle path that must be addressed wisely because it is a unifying alternative between Indonesia multicultural society. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2815
BALANÇO DAS AVALIAÇÕES MUNICIPAIS DO PLANO DE AÇÕES ARTICULADAS: DESAFIOS ATUAIS AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL PAR
Authors: Souza Donaldo Bello de , Batista Neusa Chaves
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Em 2012, o Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) deixa de limitar-se ao Plano de Metas Compromisso Todos pela Educação, ascendendo à condição de política de Estado. Apoiado na análise dos estudos teórico-empíricos que versam sobre a avaliação do PAR na esfera municipal, publicados no período 2007-2012, o presente artigo visa ao delineamento de alguns dos desafios postos ao desenvolvimento da atual política nacional PAR. Observa que a prestação de assistência técnica e financeira por parte do MEC tem sido crescente e consensualmente ajuizada como deficitária, acarretando interrupção de um elevado número de ações desencadeadas pelos municípios, com impactos mais expressivos na dimensão correspondente à formação inicial e continuada de professores (Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental) e demais profissionais da educação, quadro agravado por grandes debilidades locais, em especial as decorrentes dos elevados déficits de qualificação de pessoal técnico e de infraestrutura.
RASURAS LIGADAS À SEGMENTAÇÃO DE PALAVRAS NA AQUISIÇÃO DA ESCRITA
Authors: Machado Tatiane Henrique Sousa , Capristano Cristiane Carneiro
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Com base no pressuposto de que rasuras ligadas à segmentação de palavras podem constituir indícios importantes de conflitos vivenciados pelas crianças para delimitar a palavra (orto)gráfica, este trabalho teve como objetivo central apresentar e descrever possíveis fatores que concorrem para a emergência dessas rasuras. Foram analisadas 364 rasuras identificadas em corpus constituído por 1.699 produções textuais elaboradas por crianças da primeira etapa do Ensino Fundamental I ao longo de quatro anos. A análise permitiu constatar a influência capital do letramento para a instauração de conflitos sobre como segmentar. Nas rasuras ligadas à segmentação, fica patente que mesmo a circulação das crianças por práticas sociais orais está, desde o princípio, entrelaçada à circulação dessas crianças por práticas letradas. Essas constatações permitem concluir que a escrita infantil não pode ser interpretada como um mero decalque do falado, mas, sobretudo, como fruto do trânsito das crianças por práticas sociais historicamente constituídas.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE CORPOREIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL
Authors: Gonçalves-Silva Luiza Lana , Souza Maria Celeste Reis Fernandes de , Simões Regina , Moreira Wagner Wey
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Ao se problematizar o paradigma cartesiano, o corpo tem sido objeto de atenção no campo educacional; e, no cenário atual que acena para a ampliação da jornada escolar, esta é uma questão pertinente. Este artigo, de cunho bibliográfico, tem como propósito contribuir com esse debate ao buscar, na proposição de corporeidade proposta por Merleau-Ponty, elementos para analisar a concepção de corpo presente nos movimentos de educação integral no país e no Programa Mais Educação. As conclusões da análise propiciam refletir que a cisão corpo/mente permanece nesses movimentos; e, nas proposições do Mais Educação, vislumbram-se avanços em direção à corporeidade. Entretanto, a educação integral não pode se estruturar na junção de atividades curriculares nas propostas de ampliação do tempo escolar, mas deve propiciar uma visão integral dos discentes, razão de elencarmos argumentos em favor da corporeidade apreendente como possível fundamento para experiências educacionais de tempo integral.
Curing Operable Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy: The Force Awakens
Authors: Siva Shankar , Ball David
Published: March 2016

In 2016, surgery is the standard of care for peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer. However, recent thought-provoking randomized evidence suggests stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) has survival outcomes similar to those of surgery. Albeit limited, patient-reported outcomes and quality of life suggest that SABR compares favorably to surgery because it is noninvasive and associated with relatively few treatment-related complications. This article explores the current scientific landscape of surgery and SABR in this patient cohort.
A qualidade do ensino da Física e o interesse de estudantes do Ensino Médio pela docência na área
Authors: Prudêncio Márcia Elida Domingos , Farias Graciane Gonçalves , Vieira Franciele de Souza Caetano , Suzy Pascoali
Published: March 2016

Neste estudo são investigadas possíveis causas para a falta de professores na área de Física, especialmente, no Ensino Médio. O estudo teve como objetivo entender as razões que levam os estudantes de Ensino Médio a não optarem pelo curso de licenciatura em Física em seus vestibulares, apesar da demanda de mercado para professores nessa área ser superior à quantidade de profissionais disponíveis. Para realização do estudo, optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória e pela abordagem quantitativa, e os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário a estudantes do último ano do Ensino Médio, indagando sobre a forma adotada para trabalhar o conteúdo de Física, as preferências dos estudantes e a possibilidade de se optar pela Física como carreira profissional, entre outros aspectos. Os resultados apontaram para um interesse reduzido em relação à possibilidade de selecionar a área como futuro campo profissional, apesar de um interesse mais significativo pelo estudo da área enquanto disciplina do Ensino Médio.
Educação e sociedade: relação interativa
Authors: Dos Santos Adelcio Machado , Da Silva Everaldo , Baade Joel Haroldo
Published: March 2016

O ser humano é um ser social, e sua necessidade de organização tem por base a capacidade humana de conhecer e construir a compreensão acerca dos meios e dos processos fundamentais para a organização e a facilitação do ato de viver. O conhecimento é um produto da atividade consciente do pensamento que determina a natureza social do ser humano e o condiciona a sua história e a sua cultura. Face à incompletude humana, as instituições sociais, entre elas a instituição educacional, zelam pela inserção do indivíduo na vida em sociedade. Diante disso, a presente análise objetiva a compreensão e descrição do processo interativo e dialético que se estabelece entre educação e sociedade. Metodologicamente, a análise é de natureza básica, apoiada na pesquisa bibliográfica e na abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que, por meio da instituição educacional, estimula-se que o ser humano aprenda a conviver socialmente, apropriando-se da cultura, dos padrões de comportamento e do conhecimento produzido. A educação também exerce o controle social do comportamento humano. Evidencia-se, com isso, a profunda interatividade que há entre educação e sociedade. Cabe ao processo educativo exercer o papel social transformador, ao mesmo tempo em que se transforma em decorrência das mudanças na sociedade.
Spectroscopic studies and molecular modeling for understanding the interactions between cholesterol and cyclodextrins
Authors: Castagne Delphine , Dive Georges , Evrard Brigitte , Frédérich Michel , Piel Géraldine
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE: Cholesterol is a major lipid constituent of biological membranes which could be included in cyclodextrin (CD) cavities. Solubilization and cell extraction of cholesterol have been previously performed in order to study its interaction with beta-CD and methylated beta-derivatives notably. The present work aims at confirming the formation of inclusion complexes between these CDs and cholesterol in order to understand their solubilization and cell extraction capacities. METHODS: In this context, liquid-state NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR studies and ROESY experiments) as well as theoretical studies (molecular modeling) have been performed. RESULTS: Rather than preferential conformations, the spectroscopic studies showed us the possible interactions between cholesterol and dimethyl-beta-CD, trimethyl-beta-CD, randomly methylated beta-CD or Crysmeb®. Weak interactions were detected using the latter one, confirming the advantage of the low substitution to decrease membrane loss of integrity and cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling studies should be used to determine which stoichiometry and conformations are energically more favorable. The semi-empirical AM1 level was used to investigate both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes whereas 1:1 complexes were also studied using minimal or double zeta basis sets. Four conformations for each 1:2 complexes have been envisaged and studied for the methylated CDs. CONCLUSIONS: These studies allowed us to confirm the interactions between cholesterol and beta-CDs especially the methylated derivatives.
Improved HPLC Method for Determination of Four PPIs, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole and Rabeprazole in Human Plasma
Authors: Noubarani Maryam , Keyhanfar Fariborz , Motevalian Manijeh , Mahmoudian Masoud
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT-PURPOSE: To develop a simple and rapid HPLC method for measuring of four proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), omeprazole (OPZ), pantoprazole (PPZ), lansoprazole (LPZ) and rabeprazole (RPZ) concentrations in human plasma. METHODS: Following a single step liquid–liquid extraction analytes along with an internal standard (IS) were separated using an isocratic mobile phase of phosphate buffer (10 mM)/acetonitrile (53/47, v/v adjusted pH to 7.3 with triethylamine) at flow rate of 1 mL/min on reverse phase TRACER EXCEL 120 ODS-A column at room temperature. RESULTS: Total analytical run time for selected PPIs was 10 min. The assays exhibited good linearity (r2>0.99) over the studied range of 20 to 2500 ng/mL for OPZ, 20 to 4000 ng/mL for PPZ, 20 to 3000 ng/mL for LPZ and 20 to 1500 ng/mL for RPZ. The recovery of method was equal or greater than 80% and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 20 ng/mL for four PPIs. Coefficient of variation and error at all of the intra-day and inter-day assessment were less than 9.2% for all compounds. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that this method is a simple, rapid, precise and accurate assay for determination of four PPIs concentrations in human plasma. This validated method is sensitive and reproducible enough to be used in pharmacokinetic studies and also is time- and cost-benefit when selected PPIs are desired to be analyzed.
Present status of nanoparticle research for treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Shegokar Ranjita , Al Shaal Loaye , Mitri Khalil
Published: March 2016

Nanotechnology has offered enormous improvement in field of therapeutics by means of designing of drug delivery systems and opened the possibility of controlling infections at the molecular level. Nanocarriers can cross biological barriers and are able to target cellular reservoirs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Nanoparticle-based systems have significant potential for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). A variety of nanocarriers have been widely evaluated as potential drug delivery systems for various administration routes. Targeting the drugs to certain physiological sites such as the lymph nodes has emerged as a promising strategy in treating TB with improved drug bioavailability and reduction of the dosing frequency. Nanotechnology based rational targeting may improve therapeutic success by limiting adverse drug effects and requiring less frequent administration regimes, ultimately resulting in more patients compliance and thus attain higher adherence levels. The development of nanoparticle based aerosol vaccine is undergoing which could serve as new platform for immunization. Present article compiles the general physiological aspects of the infection along with the relevance nanocarriers used in prevention of tuberculosis
Hydromorphone in the Management of Cancer-Related Pain: An Update on Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms
Authors: Kumar Maansi G. , Lin Senshang
Published: March 2016

Pain is experienced by a majority of cancer patients. As life expectancy has increased in developed and developing countries, cancer-related pain has become a major health concern. Despite the use of the three-step analgesic ladder proposed by the World Health Organization, pain still remains under treated. Morphine, the gold standard against which all other opioids has been compared is considered the first choice for management of cancer-related pain. However, recently focus has shifted to the use of hydromorphone, a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine, which is more potent, more soluble and has a comparable side-effect profile. This review focuses on the use of hydromorphone for the management of cancer-related pain emphasizing on the various routes of administration as well as dosage forms, and providing a direction for the preference of a particular route depending on the need for a rapid effect and the individual’s situation. Various approaches used to modify the release of hydromorphone from the drug delivery systems with the perspective of improving patient compliance are also being discussed.