bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR cholangiography in saline, blood and bile: a phantom study
Authors: Froehlich Johannes M. , Moussa Leen , Guirguis Natalie , Gutzeit Andreas , Wu David , Sartoretti-Schefer Sabine , Koh Dow-Mu , Kolokythas Orpheus , Matoori Simon
Published: April 2023

Background

We compared T1- and T2-weighted signal intensities of liver-specific (gadoxetate, gadobenate) and non-specific (gadoterate) gadolinium contrast agents (CAs) in a bile phantom.

Methods

In a phantom study, gadoxetate, gadobenate, and gadoterate were diluted in saline, blood, and bile at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5. 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mM) and imaged in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The maximum signal intensities of CAs were compared for each sequence separately and across all T1-weighted sequences using one-way ANOVA.

Results

Using T1-weighted sequences, CA concentration-dependent signal intensity increase was followed by decrease due to T2* effects. Comparing CAs for each sequence in bile yielded higher maximum signal intensities with gadobenate than gadoxetate and gadoterate using T1-weighted spin-echo (p < 0.010), multiecho gradient- and spin-echo (p < 0.001), and T1-weighted high-resolution isotropic volume excitation (eTHRIVE) sequences (p < 0.010). Comparing across all T1-weighted sequences in the bile phantom, gadobenate imaged using T1-weighted turbo field-echo (TFE) sequence showed the highest signal intensity, significantly higher than that using other CAs agents or sequences (p < 0.004) except for gadobenate and gadoxetate evaluated with three-dimensional multiecho fast field-echo (3D-mFFE) and gadoxetate with T1-weighted TFE sequence (p > 0.141). Signal reduction with CA concentration-dependent decrease was observed on T2-weighted images.

Conclusion

In this bile phantom study of gadolinium-based CA, gadobenate and gadoxetate showed high signal intensity with T1-weighted TFE and 3D-mFFE sequences, which supports their potential utility for contrast-enhanced hepatobiliary MRI.

Key points

• Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography depends on contrast agent type, kinetics, and concentration in bile,

• We compared signal intensities of three contrast agents in a bile phantom study.

• Gadobenate, gadoxetate, and gadoterate demonstrated different signal intensities at identical concentrations.

• Gadoxetate and gadobenate showed high signal intensities on T1-weighted MR sequences.
Cognitive dysfunction in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus may impact treatment
Authors: Teixeira Santos Flávia Patrícia Sena , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida , de Paula Jonas Jadim , de Souza Kalline Cristina Prata , Cançado Silva Sandro Luiz , Correa Humberto
Published: April 2023

Background

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a widespread manifestation in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but this subject is rarely examined in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). This study aimed to assess the frequency of CD, its associations with lupus clinical manifestations and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in young adult cSLE patients.

Methods

We evaluated 39 cSLE patients older than 18 years. They underwent a rheumatologic evaluation and extensive neuropsychological assessment, encompassing all cognitive domains described by the American College of Rheumatology. HRQL was assessed with the WHOOQOL-BREEF, General Activities of Daily Living Scale (GADL) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-specific quality-of-life instrument (SLEQOL). The activity of SLE was evaluated with the modified sle disease activity index (sledai-2k).

Results

Impairment in at least one cognitive domain was found in 35 (87.2%) patients. The most compromised domains were attention (64.1%), memory (46.2%), and executive functions (38.5%). Patients with cognitive impairment were older, had more accumulated damage and had worse socioeconomic status. Regarding the association between cognitive dysfunction and HRQL, memory impairment was correlated with worse environmental perception and a worse relationship with the treatment.

Conclusion

In this study, the frequency of CD in cSLE patients was as high as that in the adult SLE population. CD can significantly impact the response of cSLE patients to treatment, justifying preventive measures in the care of this population.
Simulation and optimization of scrap wagon dismantling system based on Plant Simulation
Authors: Chen Hai-Qing , Dong Yu-De , Hu Fei , Liu Ming-Ming , Zhang Shi-Bao
Published: April 2023

Based on the existing plant layout and process flow, a simulation analysis was conducted using the Plant Simulation platform with the utilization efficiency of each station and production capacity of the dismantling system as indicators. A problem with long-term suspension in the disassembly process was determined. Based on the two optimization directions of increasing material transportation equipment and expanding the buffer capacity, a cost-oriented optimization model is established. A genetic algorithm and model simulation were used to solve the model. An optimization scheme that satisfies the production needs and has the lowest cost is proposed. The results show that the optimized dismantling system solves the suspended work problem at the dismantling station and a significant improvement in productivity and station utilization efficiency compared with the previous system.
Characterization of fruit production and market performance in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mossie Mengistie , Gerezgiher Alemseged , Ayalew Zemen , Nigussie Zerihun , Elias Asres
Published: April 2023

Background

In Ethiopia, fruits pose a significant production and marketing challenge for farm households that significantly affect their farm profitability due to their perishability and unpredictable seasonal pricing. For instance, seasonally, market prices vary depending on the quality and quantity of fruit products available on the market. Stemming from this logical ground, this study is initiated with the objective of characterizing production systems and market performance of fruits in Ethiopia, focusing on apple and mango crops.

Methods

A random sampling approach was used for producers and snowball sampling for traders when selecting survey participants. A pre-tested survey questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and market margins were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Post-harvest wastage is preventing farmers from receiving anticipated revenue, implying that approximately 31.8 and 26.1% of the total mango and apple produce was lost, respectively. According to the survey results, there was no measurement consistency among farmers, local collectors, and small retailers. District level collectors received a higher margin share (42.66 and 40.18% of apple and mango, respectively) than other actors in the chain, which was unjustified given their contribution to the market chain. Farmers were comparatively hampered by the market since they earned the lowest share (33.34 and 15.08% of apple and mango, respectively) of consumer prices indicating that the apple and mango market chain performance is poor. As a consequence, these all deter farmers from producing in large quantities, quality, and also uncertainty (fair failure in the mind of farmers) in the marketing of apples and mangoes.

Conclusions

The awareness of small-scale farmers about most of the agronomic practices including insect pests and diseases were very low. Hence, this study recommended that there is an urgent need from district agricultural offices to improve mango and apple production and marketing systems in the study districts.
Pathways to eating disorder care: A European multicenter study
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Barone Eugenia , Cascino Giammarco , Schmidt Ulrike , Gorwood Philip , Volpe Umberto , Abbate-Daga Giovanni , Castellini Giovanni , Díaz Marsá Marina , Favaro Angela , Fukutomi Akira , Guillaume Sebastien , Minařík Petr , Pacheco José Antonio Soriano , Panero Matteo , Papežová Hana , Ricca Valdo , Segura-Garcia Cristina , Scanferla Elisabetta , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , Voderholzer Ulrich , Treasure Janet , Monteleone Palmiero
Published: April 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to assess barriers and facilitators in the pathways toward specialist care for eating disorders (EDs).

Methods

Eleven ED services located in seven European countries recruited patients with an ED. Clinicians administered an adapted version of the World Health Organization “Encounter Form,” a standardized tool to assess the pathways to care. The unadjusted overall time needed to access the ED unit was described using the Kaplan–Meier curve.

Results

Four-hundred-nine patients were recruited. The median time between the onset of the current ED episode and the access to a specialized ED care was 2 years. Most of the participants did not directly access the specialist ED unit: primary “points of access” to care were mental health professionals and general practitioners. The involvement of different health professionals in the pathway, seeking help for general psychiatric symptoms, and lack of support from family members were associated with delayed access to ED units.

Conclusions

Educational programs aiming to promote early diagnosis and treatment for EDs should pay particular attention to general practitioners, in addition to mental health professionals, and family members to increase awareness of these illnesses and of their treatment initiation process.
Maximizing biomedical research impacts through bioethical considerations
Authors: Tornini Valerie A. , Peregalli Politi Santiago , Bruce Lori , Latham Stephen R.
Published: April 2023

Bioethics is the formal study of ethical judgments concerning the advances and applications of biology, medicine and related technologies. In a time of unprecedented biomedical advances, it is critical to integrate bioethical frameworks more fully into biomedical research to align these scientific advances with their intended societal needs. In this Perspective, we describe some motivations and frameworks for cross-disciplinary bioethical training for biomedical researchers, and discuss how actively considering bioethics in research and study design could maximize biomedical researchers' intended impacts in society.
Θεραπευτές Μονάρχες:
Authors: Κίτος Βασίλης
Published: April 2023

Η πίστη πως το άγγιγμα του μονάρχη μπορούσε να θεραπεύσει ορισμένες θανατηφόρες ασθένειες εμφανίστηκε στα βασίλεια της Αγγλίας και της Γαλλίας κατά τη διάρκεια του Ώριμου Μεσαίωνα. Ως την αυγή του Ύστερου Μεσαίωνα (αρχές 14ου αιώνα) τόσο το αγγλικό όσο και το γαλλικό στέμμα είχε προσδώσει στους βασιλεύοντες μονάρχες την κληρονομική ιδιότητα του θαυματουργού που ειδικευόταν στη θεραπεία της scrofula. Σε αμφότερα τα βασίλεια η χριστομιμητική τελετή του βασιλικού αγγίγματος θεσμοθετήθηκε από ιδιαίτερα ευσεβείς μονάρχες, ενώ δεν ήταν λίγοι οι βασιλείς που δεν έδωσαν έμφαση στην απεικόνισή τους ως θεραπευτές. Η παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρεί να ρίξει φως, αφενός στις πολιτικές, πολιτιστικές και πνευματικές συνθήκες, οι οποίες συνεισέφεραν στην ανάδυση, την τέλεση και τη θεσμοθέτηση του θεραπευτικού αγγίγματος, αφετέρου στη θέση που καταλάμβανε η εικόνα του «βασιλικού θεραπευτή» στη συγκρότηση της ευρύτερης «ιερότητας» των δύο μοναρχιών. Συνεπώς, η ακριβής αποτίμηση της τελετής επιτάσσει την καταφυγή σε όλες τις, γνωστές, διασωθείσες πρωτογενείς πηγές αναφέρονται στην πρακτική του αγγίγματος.
Plagues and diseases through newspapers' reports during the seventeenth century
Authors: Georgakakis Panagiotis
Published: April 2023

Plagues and the transmission of diseases constituted one of the major concerns of people during the early modern period. Although there was a consistent effort from the sixteenth century onwards to find proper solutions to relieve the European citizens, the lack of medical knowledge forced these states to focus mostly on the containment of these diseases and not on finding a cure. Thus, the European states used any available resource in this battle against plagues. One of the most prominent allies in this effort to control the outbreak of diseases was the press. Brochures and pamphlets issued by the authorities, reporting the established policies on plagues, circulated in large numbers during the sixteenth century. The emergence of the newspaper in the early seventeenth century increased this circulation. The purpose of this article is to present the role of Francophone newspapers in propagating public health measures through the relevant reports and advertisements on their issues, during a period when the need for medicines increased, the services provided by apothecaries became necessary for the function of the health system and doctors’ involvement was of upmost importance.
Gesteinsbestimmungen
Authors: Rentzel Philippe
Published: April 2023

Die Mühlsteine und einige ausgewählte weitere Stein-Artefakte der Leitungsgrabungen 1978/13 und 1978/ 26 wurden von Philippe Rentzel petrografisch (makroskopisch und teilweise auch mikroskopisch) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen fanden auch Eingang in die auswertenden Kapitel von Band A.
Stichprobe Amphoren Basel-Münsterhügel
Authors: Thierrin-Michael Gisela
Published: April 2023

Bericht zu chemischen Analysen an ausgewählten Keramikgruppen (Amphoren) des Fundmaterials aus den Leitungsgrabungen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen fanden fanden im auswertenden Text bei der jeweiligen Fundbesprechung ihre Berücksichtigung, siehe Band A.
Tabellen
Authors: Stopp Barbara
Published: April 2023

Tabellen zur archäozoologischen Auswertung der Grabungen FH 1978/13 und TEW 1978/26 auf dem Basler Münsterhügel.
Einleitung
Authors: Meier Hans-Rudolf , Schwarz Peter-Andrew
Published: April 2023

Die Herausgeber des Materialhfefts 23 haben in ihren damaligen Funktionen als Privatdozent für Kunstwissenschaft an der Universität Basel bzw. als Kantonsarchäologe von Basel-Stadt die Anregung von Christine Ochnser aufgegriffen, die reichen, wenn auch auf den ersten Blick oft eher unansehnlichen Textilfunde des Basler Münsters auszuwerten, und beim Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF) ein Forschungsgesuch eingereicht. Als Nationalfondsprojekt war die Fragestellung über die primäre Bearbeitung der Funde hinaus auszuweiten und in einem grösseren Kontext zu situieren
Zusammenstellung der im Basler Münster bestatteten Personen nach Namen
Authors: Ochsner Christine
Published: April 2023

Ergänzt wird der Katalog der Gräber und Grabinventare durch eine Übersicht über die im Münster bestatteten Personen, die nach ihrem Bestattungsort (Anhang 1a) bzw. nach Namen geordnet (Anhang 1b) aufgeführt werden.
Aufgeführt sind Personen die im Münster und in den an den Kreuzgang angrenzenden Kapellen beigesetzt worden sind, sowie im Kreuzgang bestattete Personen gleichen Namens.
Zusammenstellung und Kommentar zu den 14C-datierten Bestattungen aus dem Bereich des Basler Münsters
Authors: Heitz Caroline , Schwarz Peter-Andrew
Published: April 2023

In Anhang 5 werden die Ergebnisse sämtlicher in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten durchgeführten 14C-Analysen von Skelettresten aus Gräbern und Ossuaren im Basler Münster und aus Bestattungen in dessen unmittelbaren Umgebung vorgelegt und kommentiert.
Emerging pneumococcal serotypes in Iraq: scope for improved vaccine development
Authors: Dawood Haider N. , Al-Jumaili Ali H. , Radhi Ahmed H. , Ikram Delan , Al-Jabban Ali
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Pneumococcal disease is a global public health concern as it affects the young, aged and the immunocompromised. The development of pneumococcal vaccines and their incorporation in the immunization programs has helped to reduce the global burden of disease. However, serotype replacement and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes as well as the persistence of a few vaccine serotypes underscores the need for development of new and effective vaccines against such pneumococcal serotypes. In the Middle East, places of religious mass gatherings are a hotspot for disease transmission in addition to the global risk factors. Therefore, the periodic surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes circulating in the region to determine the effectiveness of existing prevention strategies and develop improved vaccines is warranted. Currently, there is a lack of serotype prevalence data for Iraq due to inadequate surveillance in the region. Thus, this review aims to determine the pneumococcal serotypes circulating in Iraq by drawing inferences from the global pneumococcal serotype prevalence data as well as recently published literature from neighboring countries to refine existing vaccination strategies and help in the development and introduction of improved pneumococcal vaccines in the country.
Rapid viral metagenomics using SMART-9N amplification and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Claro Ingra M. , Ramundo Mariana S. , Coletti Thais M. , da Silva Camila A. M. , Valenca Ian N. , Candido Darlan S. , Sales Flavia C. S. , Manuli Erika R. , de Jesus Jaqueline G. , de Paula Anderson , Felix Alvina Clara , Andrade Pamela dos Santos , Pinho Mariana C. , Souza William M. , Amorim Mariene R. , Proenca-Modena José Luiz , Kallas Esper G. , Levi José Eduardo , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Sabino Ester C. , Loman Nicholas J. , Quick Joshua
Published: April 2023

Emerging and re-emerging viruses are a global health concern. Genome sequencing as an approach for monitoring circulating viruses is currently hampered by complex and expensive methods. Untargeted, metagenomic nanopore sequencing can provide genomic information to identify pathogens, prepare for or even prevent outbreaks.

SMART (Switching Mechanism at the 5′ end of RNA Template) is a popular approach for RNA-Seq but most current methods rely on oligo-dT priming to target polyadenylated mRNA molecules. We have developed two random primed SMART-Seq approaches, a sequencing agnostic approach ‘SMART-9N’ and a version compatible rapid adapters  available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies ‘Rapid SMART-9N’. The methods were developed using viral isolates, clinical samples, and compared to a gold-standard amplicon-based method. From a Zika virus isolate the SMART-9N approach recovered 10kb of the 10.8kb RNA genome in a single nanopore read. We also obtained full genome coverage at a high depth coverage using the Rapid SMART-9N, which takes only 10 minutes and costs up to 45% less than other methods. We found the limits of detection of these methods to be 6 focus forming units (FFU)/mL with 99.02% and 87.58% genome coverage for SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N respectively. Yellow fever virus plasma samples and SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal samples previously confirmed by RT-qPCR with a broad range of Ct-values were selected for validation. Both methods produced greater genome coverage when compared to the multiplex PCR approach and we obtained the longest single read of this study (18.5 kb) with a SARS-CoV-2 clinical sample, 60% of the virus genome using the Rapid SMART-9N method.

This work demonstrates that SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N are sensitive, low input, and long-read compatible alternatives for RNA virus detection and genome sequencing and Rapid SMART-9N improves the cost, time, and complexity of laboratory work.
Development of a point-of-care genetic test for effective treatment of ischaemic stroke: an early model-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wright Stuart , McDermott John , Sen Dwaipayan , Smith Craig , Newman William , Payne Katherine
Published: April 2023

Background: People who have experienced a stroke are at high risk of recurrent strokes. Clopidogrel is prescribed to people who have had a non-cardioembolic stroke. There is evidence that clopidogrel is not effective for patients with CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Pharmacogenetic testing is a potential strategy to identify such patients and guide prescription of appropriate antiplatelet treatment. This study aimed to provide an early estimate of the cost-effectiveness of using a point-of-care pharmacogenetic CYP2C19 test in the UK National Health System.

Methods: A decision-analytic model comprising a linked decision tree and Markov model were created in R comparing pharmacogenetic testing with current prescribing practice. In the pharmacogenetic testing arm, patients identified to have one of three loss-of-function alleles were prescribed modified-release dipyridamole and aspirin or aspirin alone. Indicative data were sourced from reviews of the literature supported by expert consultation to select the most appropriate value for the input parameters. The healthcare costs (£;2021) and quality adjusted life years resulting from each strategy were estimated and the incremental cost-effectiveness of testing calculated. Deterministic threshold analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was conducted to account for uncertainty in the parameter estimates.

Results: The pharmacogenetic testing strategy generated 0.107 additional QALYs per patient tested and saved £512. Pharmacogenetic testing dominated current prescribing practice. The results were robust to extreme changes in key input variables. The PSA suggested that there was a 77% chance that pharmacogenetic testing would be cost-effective with a 62% chance it is cost-saving.

Conclusions : A point-of-care pharmacogenetic test to guide prescription of clopidogrel for people who have experienced a stroke has the potential to provide a significant health gain by preventing secondary strokes and may save resources in the health system. This early economic analysis has also informed the direction for future research.
Inflammatory bowel diseases in pregnant women - current state of knowledge
Authors: Góra Karolina , Zdziennicki Wojciech , Zimnicki Patryk , Lato Marta , Iberszer Konrad , Litwiniuk Maria , Zaniuk Marcin , Hurkała Kamil , Antonik Dominika , Denys Barbara
Published: April 2023

Introduction and objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases. Usually they affect young people, often during pregnancy. Insufficient knowledge about the evolution of the disease during pregnancy, as well as the effects of drugs used, often result in resignation from motherhood, while unfamiliarity with the principles of therapy or discontinuation of treatment during pregnancy are significant causes of obstetric failures. The aim of the study was to summarize the data available in the literature as well as recent reports, to enable a better understanding of the disease and care of pregnant women with IBD.Materials and methods: The literature was reviewed in the Pubmed database, in the Via Medica Journals database, and in the guidelines of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology with the use of keywords.State of knowledge: 85% of women with IBD become pregnant without complications, but the inflammation has a negative impact on both the course of pregnancy and the fetus itself. Complications, which often depend on the activity of the disease before and during pregnancy, may occur: i.e. premature birth, inadequate fetal weight, miscarriage, as well as complications in the child itself and flares of the underlying disease. Therefore, it is important to know rules of safe pharmacotherapy that apply before and after pregnancy in order to prevent the negative effects of the disease. Special situations caused by IBD, i.e. surgical or endoscopic procedures, can be successfully performed in pregnant patients with the observance of certain rules.Conclusions: Understanding the causes of complications that may occur in the patient and the child allows them to be prevented. Both for the mother's health and for a positive course of pregnancy, education and pregnancy planning, preceded by the change of medications to safe for the fetus, are extremely important.
The rationing of nursing care phenomenon in the light of scientific reports – personnel shortages, system requirements, consequences – PART II
Authors: Milecka Dorota , Homętowska Henryka , Manulik Stanisław
Published: April 2023

Rationing of nursing care is a widespread and growing phenomenon whose causes are multifaceted and whose consequences are serious. Nursing rationing is defined as withholding or failing to perform necessary nursing tasks due to insufficient time, staffing, and/or inadequate skills. Nursing rationing is also defined as omission, delay, failure to complete, which qualifies as an error of omission. Unfinished nursing care has many negative consequences for patients, nurses and organizations. The presented series of three papers aims to show many important aspects related to rationing of care. This second part of the series of rationing of nursing care phenomenon will address the nursing shortages and demand for nursing care, nursing staffing rates and government policy, the effects of inadequate nursing care on patients and nursing staff, and the economic and social effects of inadequate nursing care.
Herramientas de la justicia penal internacional en la investigación local de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos
Authors: Acosta Reaza Laura Cristina
Published: April 2023

Los sistemas de justicia penal latinoamericanos, atraviesan desde décadas atrás por una crisis de Graves Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos que se enmarca por un ya normalizado patrón de impunidad, evidenciando que la acción de la Justicia Local se encuentra rebasada por los índices delictivos y por la particular evolución de las políticas y  planes de las estructuras criminales que los generan. Este Artículo propone un esquema de tres ejes para aplicar las herramientas de la Justicia Penal Internacional, que a criterio de la autora, configuran una puerta de entrada hacia instituciones de procuración de justicia local, sólidas, estratégicas, aptas para hacer frente a los escenarios de violencia generalizada y capaces de obtener resultados que las vuelvan confiables para las víctimas y la sociedad.
Matrimonio forzado y crimen internacional: una nueva tendencia normativa y jurisprudencial
Authors: DIAZ GALAN ELENA CAROLINA
Published: April 2023

La clarificación de las conductas que implican la comisión de un crimen internacional continúa plenamente abierta al debate. En particular, los matrimonios forzados están dando lugar a una acalorada discusión académica y práctica por si deben ser catalogados como crimen de lesa humanidad. Y si quedarían englobados en unos u otros enunciados que definen este delito (esclavitud sexual u otros actos inhumanos). Esta cuestión se debe analizar con base en dos criterios: Primero, lo que recoge la práctica normativa internacional, mediante la apropiada interpretación de las normas adoptadas y los presupuestos básicos que configuraron su elaboración. Segundo, lo que deriva de los criterios jurisprudenciales en materia de matrimonios forzados aplicados por una gran variedad de tribunales penales internacionales. El análisis exige apresar la perspectiva concerniente a los delitos de violencia y esclavitud sexual; y todo desde el enfoque del sector de la protección internacional de los derechos humanos. En síntesis, el propósito del trabajo es precisar si los matrimonios forzados están ganando autonomía conceptual y normativa en el orden internacional.
De la interdicción a la plena capacidad jurídica
Authors: Ledesma Chavarro Miguel Alfredo
Published: April 2023

Interdecir y permitir es una antinomia verbal con enorme distancia conceptual que recoge los extremos semánticos por los que ha transitado la humanidad, desde la prohibición o interdicción de la capacidad legal de las personas en situación de discapacidad hasta la permisión plena del ejercicio y goce de sus derechos. En búsqueda de real igualdad jurídica, la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad introdujo, para “todos los miembros de la familia humana” (Preámbulo), un notable avance dentro de los derechos humanos, entre ellos el de la dignidad. Con el interés de que aquellos postulados se cumplan en grado sumo y no se conviertan en enunciados hueros o sin sentido, a través de este ensayo se harán visibles algunos déficits formales y prácticos con el objetivo de formular recomendaciones para el ejercicio de la plena capacidad jurídica.
Exclusão de provas ilícitas e a integridade dos procedimento
Authors: De Souza João Pedro
Published: April 2023

O artigo analisa os precedentes do Tribunal Penal Internacional (tpi) que trataram da exclusão de provas obtidas ilicitamente com base na alínea "b" do artigo 69(7) do Estatuto de Roma. Esse dispositivo prevê uma norma altamente discricionária, segundo a qual uma prova obtida por meio de violação de direitos humanos internacionalmente reconhecidos pode ser excluída do processo se a sua admissão, nas circunstâncias em que a prova foi coligida, for antiética ou atentar contra a integridade dos procedimentos. Para viabilizar a análise dos precedentes, o artigo se divide em três capítulos. Primeiro, aponta diferentes fundamentações lógicas para a exclusão de provas ilícitas, para extrair dessas lógicas fatores de admissão/exclusão que podem ter reflexos no tpi. Em seguida, tece alguns comentários sobre o regime de admissão e de exclusão de provas segundo a jurisprudência do Tribunal. Dispondo de um arcabouço histórico e legal para analisar as decisões, o terceiro capítulo articula as lógicas de exclusão com os precedentes do tpi para tentar identificar a fundamentação do artigo 69(7), e sugere uma interpretação avaliando se os precedentes se adequam a ela.
desarrollo del pensamiento multidimensional para la construcción de una ciudadanía creativa
Authors: Rojas chávez Víctor Andrés , Herrero hernández Alejandra , Dumett arrieta Simón , Tabares salazar Adriana , García gutiérrez Zaily Del piar
Published: April 2023

The Creative Citizenship project was founded to promote critical, ethical, and creative thinking in early childhood, and to recognize and encourage children as social actors and peacebuilders. In concert with the methodology of North American philosopher Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children (P4C), Creative Citizenship seeks to promote in children the ability to think critically, ethically, and creatively in and from their own realities, and to exercise multidimensional thinking skills in the various areas of their daily lives. The  research documented here adopted a qualitative approach in so far as it sought to inquire about the character of those relationships, particularly  among boys and girls, that promote their identity as social agents. As such, it examined training processes and generated theoretical perspectives in the interest of promoting social transformation through the empowerment of multidimensional thinking. The article begins with a review of the concept of Creative Citizenship and ends with that of Peacebuilding. Three theoretical categories have been applied in order to situate the inquiry within the framework of the realities of childhood, and to chart the pedagogical interventions by adults that occurred throughout the implementation of the project. The first focuses on the development of children’s thinking per se, the second on children's capacities for creative problem-solving in social environments, and the third  on the concept of peacebuilding as a commitment to practicing philosophical dialogue among children, which is understood as a form of discourse that builds the capacities of citizens to undertake individual and collective actions that allow them, in turn, to create and re-create scenarios of peaceful coexistence.
Prediction of Acoustic Velocity Properties of Downed Pine Trees Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Musah Munkaila , Alawode Abiodun O. , Diaz Javier Hernandez , Asafu-Adjaye Osei , Gallagher Tom , Peresin Maria S. , Peng Yucheng , Mitchell Dana , Smidt Mathew , Via Brian
Published: April 2023

Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine correlations between acoustic velocity and stiffness properties of downed pine trees in the southern coastal plains of the United States. Three acoustic measurement methods (longitudinal, transverse, and offset) were used. From the measurement of the acoustics, the time of flight (TOF) was determined from the downed trees. Increment core samples were obtained from each thirty downed pine trees in the study. NIR spectra were obtained using a fiber probe on the radial surface of each core to rapidly correlate the speed of sound, estimate the strength properties of the downed trees, and the TOF acoustic assessments. The NIR prediction was very good for the transverse and offset methods. The predictability diagnostic was above an R2 of 0.70 for both offset measurements for the transverse methods for the acoustic velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). The longitudinal measurement exhibited the weakest model (R2 < 0.65) for both the acoustic velocity and the MOE with the highest standard error of prediction between 3.0 (ELVLSWV) and 0.31 (VLSWV) for the three measurement types. All the standard errors of calibration were below 1% except in ELVOSWV, which was ∼2%. The dry density measured from the increment cores had a moderate correlation (R2 ∼ 60%), compared with the lower correlation (R2 ∼ 50%) by the green density in the multiple linear regression output. The results of the acoustic model indicated that NIR spectroscopy has the potential to predict the acoustic velocity and corresponding stiffness of downed trees.
The role of political economy in the strategic choice for automation: a case study in a German logistics firm
Authors: Koepp Robert
Published: April 2023

The current automation debate neglects the social conditions underpinning technological change. Following recent labour process analysis (LPA) concepts and the Regulation School theory of the firm, I apply a firm-level strategic choice approach to trace the political-economic and organisational conditions associated with automation in logistics. To this end, I reconstruct the strategic choice of industrial automation in a German parcel logistics firm. Moreover, I compare two types of distribution centres on the level of task automation in the company and discuss the failed implementation of the automation project. I employ qualitative data about the company and four of its facilities to trace the process. The case selection fits the current debate as logistics has a high share of routine jobs, and therefore – according to labour economists – the industry faces a high risk of automation-induced job displacement. The analysis yields that actors drew on six essential conditions for the automation project at the firm and the political-economic level. The case study demonstrates the working of an ambivalent causal mechanism and stresses the relevance of organisational affordances and material-technical requirements for successful automation projects. The results synthesise the political-economic and organisational conditions that need to be considered in technological change in logistics. Thereby the article adds to a political economy of automation. Ultimately, the findings also emphasise the need for labour strategies centring on technological change in logistics.
El subtext de Borges al «Rèquiem soviètic» de Pelevin
Authors: Portice Timothy
Published: April 2023

Tot i que l’obra de Viktor Pelevin conté nombroses referències a l’obra de Jorge Louis Borges, la influència d’aquest darrer sobre la primera resta gairebé inexplorada. En aquest article, intento una anàlisi comparativa del «Deutsches Requiem» (1946) de Borges i dos textos de la col·lecció de Pelevin de 2010 Pineapple Water for the Beautiful Lady: «The Anti-Aire Codes of Al-Ef-Es-Bee» i «Rèquiem soviètic». Començo amb una lectura atenta del text de Borges, argumentant que «Deutsches Requiem» sembla especialment preocupat per una crítica al llegat de l’estètica idealista alemanya del sublim en un moment històric concret: les conseqüències de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Això alinea Borges amb l’estètica de la postguerra de la Teoria Estètica de Theodor Adorno, que afirma que el «llegat del sublim és la negativitat no mitigada». Passant al text de Pelevin, ressegueixo els ressons formals, temàtics i estètics de la reformulació de Pelevin de les preocupacions de Borges en el període posterior a la Guerra Freda de principis del segle xxi. Argumento que, a diferència de Borges, el «Rèquiem» del qual és ambivalent amb el món de la postguerra, els textos de Pelevin es mantenen en última instància pessimistes i, en última instància, coincideixen amb l’afirmació d’Otto zur Linde que «el que importa és que la violència […] ara governa».
Derechos humanos y sistema tributario
Authors: Masbernat Patricio , Ramos-Fuentes Gloria
Published: April 2023

Tradicionalmente el Derecho Tributario se ha hecho cargo de los efectos fiscales las transacciones comerciales locales, y más adelante en el tiempo, de los efectos fiscales de las transacciones transnacionales. La necesidad de generar un sistema más justo de reparto de los ingresos tributarios entre las jurisdicciones tributarias, derivados de las transacciones con elementos internacionales, han significado una serie de esfuerzos de los países, para generar instrumentos bilaterales o multilaterales. La labor de la OCDE ha sido muy relevante en este campo, lo que se ha coronado con los BEPS. Esta perspectiva ha dejado de lado un campo muy relevante de los sistemas tributarios en una perspectiva nacional y global, el de los derechos humanos, lo que muchos expertos han puesto de relieve crecientemente en los últimos años. Los derechos humanos impactan todo el sistema tributario, desde sus fundamentos su gestión y sus resultados. Tanto económicos, institucionales y sociales. El presente trabajo intenta mostrar de un modo sistemático el trabajo de los expertos en este campo en el último tiempo.
The failure of Algeria’s industrialization strategy, 1967–1989: a new structural economics perspective
Authors: Haouas Amine , Lin Justin Yifu
Published: April 2023

Following the theoretical framework of New Structural Economics, this article attempts to explain why Algeria’s industrialization strategy failed over the period 1967–1989. Based on this approach, this paper shows that the overdevelopment of a big push industrialization strategy in Algeria since independence, which prioritized capital-intensive heavy industry, violates the comparative advantage principle identified by its factor endowments and gives rise to domestic market distortions and the misallocation of scarce resources. Simultaneously, to scaffold such a development mode, the Algerian government put forth an organic yet deeply distorted system. We conclude that the experience engendered serious weaknesses in Algeria’s industrial structure and planning, and it resulted in an unbalanced economic structure. Thus, Algeria’s industrialization strategy was disappointing in terms of economic outcomes and impact. This failure is often perceived as one of the main origins of the political, social and economic crisis faced by the country for more than a decade. Our findings suggest that the redesign of growth and industrialization strategies should better reflect Algeria’s endowments structure and level of development. Indeed, consistency of a broad-based and industry-based economy with its comparative advantage is one of the best ways to achieve high sustainable economic growth in Algeria.
Thermal blooming with laser-induced convection: radial basis function simulation
Authors: Akers Benjamin F. , Fiorino Steven T. , Reeger Jonah A.
Published: April 2023

The propagation of a high energy laser through a nearly stagnant
absorbing medium is studied. The absorption values and time scale of
the problem are such that the laser induces convective heat currents
transverse to the beam. These currents couple to the laser via the
refractive index, causing time dependent thermal blooming. A numerical
method is developed and applied to the model in [J. Electromagn. Waves
Appl. 33, 96
(2019)JEWAE50920-507110.1080/09205071.2018.1528183], using
radial basis functions for spatial differencing, which allows for
irregular point spacings and a wide class of geometries. Both the beam
and laser-induced fluid dynamics are numerically simulated. These
simulations are compared to a historical experiment of a 300 W
laser in a smoke-filled chamber with good agreement; both cases
include a crescent shaped spot at the target.
Potential application of a green fiber laser in laser display systems
Authors: Zhu Liquan , Dong Zhipeng , Zou Jinhai , Deng Linxiao , Li Ting , Chen Yuantong , Gu Chun , Xu Lixin , Luo Zhengqian
Published: April 2023

This study explores the application of optical fiber lasers in display
systems by integrating a Pr3+-doped green all-fiber laser into a
laser projection display system. As a control group to compare the
results, a 520 nm semiconductor green laser diode module was
integrated, similar to the experimental group. The color gamut and
speckle performances were studied and compared. The results showed
that the experimental group performed slightly better in the color
gamut volume. The speckle contrast decreased rapidly in the
experimental group when power increased. To our knowledge, this is the
first study to apply a fiber laser to a laser display system. The
results shed light on developing laser display systems with fewer or
no speckle reduction elements.
Impairment- and fragmentation-aware, energy-efficient dynamic RMSCA for SDM-EONs
Authors: Ravipudi Jaya Lakshmi , Brandt-Pearce Maïté
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a routing, modulation, spectrum, and core allocation (RMSCA) algorithm for space-division multiplexing-based elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs). A network state-dependent route and core selection method is proposed using a multi-attribute decision-making method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) methods. This systematic resource allocation allows the network designer to choose which resources are most valuable. It is followed by a spectrum allocation algorithm using a weighted score function to rate and select the best spectrum blocks. Physical layer impairments, including inter-core cross talk, amplified spontaneous emission, and Kerr fiber nonlinearities, are considered alongside fragmentation and energy consumption. The proposed RMSCA approach is compared with published benchmarks incorporating quality of transmission constraints and evaluated on two network topologies, NSFNET (7- and 12-core multicore fiber links) and COST. It is shown to be superior in terms of blocking probability, bandwidth blocking probability, network fragmentation, and energy consumption compared to standard and published benchmarks.
Tunable topological phase transition in the telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Tian Fanglin , Zhou Junxiao , Wang Qiang , Liu Zhaowei
Published: April 2023

Recent progress in the Valley Hall insulator has demonstrated a nontrivial topology property due to the distinct valley index in 2D semiconductor systems. In this work, we propose a highly tunable topological phase transition based on valley photonic crystals. The topological phase transition is realized by the inversion symmetry broken due to the refractive index change of structures consisting of optical phase change material (OPCM) with thermal excitation of different sites in a honeycomb lattice structure. Besides, simulations of light propagation at sharp corners and pseudo-spin photon coupling are conducted to quantitatively examine the topological protection. Compared with other electro-optical materials based on reconfigurable topological photonics, a wider bandwidth and greater tunability of both central bandgap frequency and topological phase transition can happen in the proposed scheme. Our platform has great potential in practical applications in lasing, light sensing, and high-contrast tunable optical filters.
Enhancement of second-order optical nonlinearities and nanoscale periodic domain patterning in ferroelectric boron-substituted aluminum nitride thin films
Authors: Suceava Albert , Hayden John , Kelley Kyle P. , Xiong Yihuang , Fazlioglu-Yalcin Benazir , Dabo Ismaila , Trolier-McKinstry Susan , Maria Jon-Paul , Gopalan Venkatraman
Published: April 2023

The discovery and development of CMOS-compatible, nonlinear optical materials is essential to produce integrated photonic devices with advanced functionalities. AlN is a strong candidate for on-chip device demonstration due to its intrinsic second-order optical nonlinearities, large bandgap, and well-established fabrication techniques. However, AlN is not easily phase matched for the largest coefficient d33; the coefficients that could potentially be dispersion phase-matched, d31 and d15, have weak nonlinearities. This work investigates ferroelectric Al1-xBxN (x = 0 to 0.11) for viability as a large bandgap nonlinear optical material with unique suitability towards ultraviolet light generation using second harmonic generation. The linear and nonlinear optical properties are characterized accounting for material anisotropy. With increasing B concentration, a large enhancement from near negligible values to d31 = 0.9 ± 0.1 pm/V and d15= 1.2 ± 0.1 pm/V is observed. This compares favorably to other large bandgap materials like β-Ba(BO2)2, where the largest nonlinear coefficient is d22 ∼ 2.3 pm/V at 800 nm. This is accompanied by a change in the bandgap from 6.1 eV to 5.8 eV as B substitution goes from 0 to 11%. A periodically poled, quasi-phase-matched ferroelectric domain pattern with 400 nm domain size and a wall roughness of <16 nm is demonstrated.
Design-Challenges im virtuellen Raum – Ein Erfahrungsbericht und Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Di Maria Marco , Walter David , Schoormann Thorsten , Knackstedt Ralf
Published: April 2023

Die schnelllebige Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer digitaler Technologien führt zu einem erhöhten Innovationsdruck. Organisationen müssen sich an stetig verändernde Marktbedingungen anpassen und neue Ideen entwickeln, um Prozesse, Produkte und Geschäftsmodelle kontinuierlich zu erneuern. Für die Umsetzung solcher Ideen ist die Integration von Wissen über Disziplins- und Institutionsgrenzen hinaus gefordert. Da IT-gestützte Werkzeuge neue Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung solcher Innovationsprozesse eröffnen, berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag über einen virtuellen Ideenwettbewerb – eine Design-Challenge – zum Thema ‚Einkaufserlebnis der Zukunft in Innenstädten‘. Dabei werden Erfahrungen aus der Vorbereitung und Durchführung synthetisiert. Der Wettbewerb wurde von einem Konsortium, bestehend aus einem universitären Forschungsprojekt, einem mittelständischen Unternehmen, einem regionalen Digitalisierungsinkubator, einer Großstadt und einem Start-Up, durchgeführt. Die teilnehmenden Teams bestanden aus Studierenden. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen und den kritischen Reflexionen aus der Vorbereitung und Durchführung des Wettbewerbs werden Handlungsempfehlungen für zukünftige virtuelle Design Challenges formuliert. Diese geben Unternehmen und öffentlichen Einrichtungen eine Orientierung hinsichtlich der Planung, Durchführung und Evaluation solcher Wettbewerbe.