bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community‐based data integration of course and job data in support of personalized career‐education recommendations
Authors: Zhu Guoqing , Kopalle Naga Anjaneyulu , Wang Yongzhen , Liu Xiaozhong , Jona Kemi , Börner Katy
Published: October 2020

How does your education impact your professional career? Ideally, the courses you take help you identify, get hired for, and perform the job you always wanted. However, not all courses provide skills that transfer to existing and future jobs; skill terms used in course descriptions might be different from those listed in job advertisements; and there might exist a considerable skill gap between what is taught in courses and what is needed for a job. In this study, we propose a novel method to integrate extensive course description and job advertisement data by leveraging heterogeneous data integration and community detection. The innovative heterogeneous graph approach along with identified skill communities enables cross‐domain information recommendation, for example, given an educational profile, job recommendations can be provided together with suggestions on education opportunities for re‐ and upskilling in support of lifelong learning. Note: This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under award 1,936,656. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
The role of virtual reality in preparing graduate students for community engagement
Authors: Alshathri Iman , Ulla Damaruka Priya , Komlodi Anita , Wolff Michele , Schmitz Hannah
Published: October 2020

Community engagement (CE) experiences in higher education have been shown to lead to greater student engagement and graduation rates. Students also develop learning, personal, and social competencies in the affective domain through CE activities (Simonet, Minnesota Campus Compact, 2008, 1, 1–13). Some of the CE programs are focused on addressing the needs of individuals experiencing homelessness. Typically, STEM students’ rates of CE participation lag behind those of students in other disciplines. The goal of this pilot study is to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) to change the attitudes of STEM graduate students towards homelessness and CE. Additionally, it aims to increase students’ awareness of the life experiences of people who are homeless and encourage them to participate in community‐based engagement. In this qualitative pilot study, we sought to explore the impact of both interactive VR applications and 360° documentaries on four STEM graduate students. The results suggest that the use of VR technology with STEM students not only changed their perception but is also feasible as a preparation tool for CE activities. The potential of this technology to change attitudes makes them useful tools to incorporate in CE preparation.
Unmet information needs regarding cannabis decisions in pregnancy
Authors: Greyson Devon
Published: October 2020

Despite recommendations to abstain, cannabis is the most used illicit drug during pregnancy in the United States. This poster considers the information needs of eight women interviewed in a pilot study about cannabis decision‐making during pregnancy. Need for more and better information was universal, but specific needs and barriers to seeking information varied based on medical history and social locations of participants.
Does hierarchical badges system affect users’ efforts and opinions? A preliminary study
Authors: Ma Dandan , Li Shuqing , Du Jia Tina , Lu Chao , Sun Jianjun
Published: October 2020

Hierarchical badges system is often used to encourage user contribution in many user‐generated content (UGC) platforms. But little is known whether this mechanism is effective in inducing users to provide more substantial and useful contents. In this research, we aim to study how the badge levels impact users’ contribution behavior such as their efforts and opinions, using data from a large online review platform. Our preliminary results show that users increase their efforts such as review frequency and review length as their badge levels upgrade. In terms of opinions they express, users with higher badges are less likely to post extreme ratings. Our finding has important implications for business modes that rely on UGC, such as social question‐and‐answering, social media, and crowdsourcing.
Exploring the criteria for self‐guided tourists to evaluate satisfaction with online travel information
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Ao , Huang Kun
Published: October 2020

As the number of self‐guided tours has risen in recent years, more travelers use online information sources to collect information and make their travel plans prior to travel. This study addresses the important issue of how to evaluate user satisfaction with various online tourist information sources. In this study, we recruited participants who intended to travel on the self‐guided way. Information retrieval experiments and interviews were conducted to identify the criteria that affected their satisfaction with various types of online travel information. Through content analysis of the interview data, 19 criteria were obtained. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing methods of automatic evaluation of users' satisfaction with tourism information.
Social media and COVID‐19: Characterizing anti‐quarantine comments on Twitter
Authors: Karami Amir , Anderson Mackenzie
Published: October 2020

Social media has become a mainstream channel of communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While some studies have been developed on investigating public opinion on social media data regarding COVID‐19 pandemic, there is no study analyzing anti‐quarantine comments on social media. This study has collected and analyzed near 80,000 tweets to understand anti‐quarantine social comments. Using text mining, we found 11 topics representing different issues such as comparing COVID‐19 and flu and health side effects of quarantine. We believe that this study shines a light on public opinion of people who are against quarantine.
The influence of positive or negative impacts on information behavior
Authors: Bank Nicole L.
Published: October 2020

In recent progress in information behavior research, people have been at the center of investigations. Thomas Wilson's popular general model of information behavior has evolved from the growing realization that information behavior occurs across many contexts. The current proposal suggests adding the influence of impacts to Wilson's general model of information processing and use. By accounting for past experiences with information sources, information scientists are better able to tackle society's grand challenges.
Through the magnifying glass: Exploring aggregations of COVID‐19 datasets by county, state, and taxonomies of U.S. regions
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Yun , Ludäscher Bertram
Published: October 2020

In this preliminary study, we investigate the case of COVID‐19 United States confirmed cases datasets, and perform experiments with aggregations of data by county, state, and different taxonomies for U.S. regions. The overarching goals of this study is to uncover potential data quality issues due to different levels of geospatial aggregation of data.
U.S. state libraries as strong institutions: Supporting justice for LGBTQ+ patrons?
Authors: Winberry Joseph , Mehra Bharat
Published: October 2020

One hundred and ninety‐three countries have ratified the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlining 17 goals to promote prosperity of people and the planet in a peaceful and sustainable way. Despite hate crimes and marginalization around the world, LGBTQ+ communities are missing from conceptualization and description of these goals. This poster recognizes state libraries in the United States as potentially strong institutions to promote peace and justice for sexual minorities (i.e., Sustainable Development Goal 16). It presents illustrative examples from a website content analysis of four state libraries in Colorado, Maine, Oklahoma, and Texas, regions that the Human Rights Campaign has recognized as exemplar in six law and policy development areas (i.e., parenting, relationship recognition/religious refusal, hate crimes and criminal justice, youth, and health and safety). The findings—selectively described in the narrative and fully viewable through a weblink—serve as a first step towards identifying best practices that state libraries can take to better serve LGBTQ+ patrons.
Network typology, information sources, and messages of the infodemic twitter network under COVID‐19
Authors: Chong Miyoung
Published: October 2020

During the COVID‐19 crisis, fake news, conspiracy theories, and backlash against specific groups emerged and were largely diffused via social media. This phenomenon has been described as an “infodemic,” and this study examined that the characteristics of infodemic on Twitter. Typological attributes of the infodemic Twitter network presented the features of “community clusters.” The frequently shard domains and URLs demonstrated coherent characteristics within the network. Top domains and URLs were trustworthy information sources, popular blogs, and public health research institutions. Interestingly, the most shard conversational content of the network was a COVID‐19 relevant incident occurred at a church in Korea based on misinformation and false belief.
Linking mechanisms in data repositories: A case study of BioSample database
Authors: Qin Jian , Leathers Alicia , Tompkins Vivian
Published: October 2020

This poster reports upon a case study of the linking mechanisms in the NCBI BioSample database and its immediate connections, examining the types of links, their functions, and implications according to the FAIR data principles. The study allowed the authors to conduct a more detailed analysis of one area of data management by focusing on one database's linking mechanisms, providing a glimpse into the role of linking mechanisms to support biomedical research and discovery and serving as a model for future studies.
Social media and COVID‐19: Can social distancing be quantified without measuring human movements?
Authors: Anderson Mackenzie , Karami Amir , Bozorgi Parisa
Published: October 2020

The COVID‐19 outbreak has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, public health officials asked the public to practice social distancing to reduce the number of physical contacts. However, quantifying social distancing is a challenging task and current methods are based on human movements. We propose a time and cost‐effective approach to measure how people practice social distancing. This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. We have identified 18 related hashtags and tracked their trends between Jan and May 2020. Our evaluation results show that there is a strong correlation (p < .05) between our findings and the Google social distancing report.
We are here and we are many: Using a telepresence robot for shared exploration and learning (and fun)
Authors: Lueg Christopher , Castles Meredith , Wong Ming Chao
Published: October 2020

Mobile remote presence bots (MRP) have emerged as a potential way of addressing the “tyranny of distance” when having to attend meetings at far away locations. In this contribution we report on how we used an MRP to share with two cohorts of postgraduate students at a regional university the formal “conferencing” and the informal “mingling” that takes place at quality academic conferences and that many would consider essential for effective networking and knowledge sharing. Simultaneously, students were able to experience and explore what it meant to be “different” in a room full of people interacting in “regular” ways, observing the conference attendees reacting to the MRP aka “ipad on a stick” in ways from genuine interest to forced indifference.
“Your personal health data can tell”: Exploring prediabetic adult's lifestyle self‐management with H‐IoT technology
Authors: Zou Ning , He Daqing , Liang Shaobo
Published: October 2020

Could personal health data tracking have impacts on prediabetic adults' lifestyle self‐management? To provide answers, we conducted a preliminary study using a web survey to collect prediabetic adults' self‐tracking experience and their perceptions towards Healthcare‐related Internet of Things (H‐IoT) technology and data generated by H‐IoT. Putting user at the center of the data flow, our findings provide insights in terms of the interactions between individuals and the H‐IoT generated personal health data.
Investigating the information practices of parents of transgender or gender non‐conforming (GNC) youth: Preliminary findings
Authors: Ortiz‐Myers Maria
Published: October 2020

This poster presents preliminary results of a pilot study of the information practices of parents of gender non‐conforming (GNC) youth. Semi‐structured interviews with six parents of transgender or non‐binary youth (ages 12–25) were conducted. Parents prioritized their children, regardless of age, as epistemic and cognitive authorities. Secondarily, parents prized the lived experiences of other transgender people and the families that supported them. Data analysis is ongoing and is anticipated to produce a fuller explication of these findings.
Supporting inclusive gaming communities through fostering online‐offline hybrid spaces
Authors: Simons Rachel N. , Girard Rebekka , Elkins Aaron
Published: October 2020

While being part of a supportive gaming community has many benefits, members of marginalized groups struggle to feel welcome in these spaces. Librarians and other information professionals are particularly experienced with serving marginalized groups and are already supporting the development of gaming communities within online and offline spaces. Increasingly, however, game‐play spaces are online‐offline hybrid communities utilizing both in‐person physical resources and information and communication technologies. In this virtual poster, we propose future research on the unique combinations of social and technical aspects within hybrid gaming communities, with the goal of allowing information professionals to better foster inclusive communities.
Information seeking behavior of cosplayers
Authors: Vardell Emily , Thomas Paul , Wang Ting
Published: October 2020

This qualitative study explores the information seeking behavior of cosplayers (i.e., individuals who create costumes from films, video games, anime, etc.). Interviewed participants outlined information practices including search strategy development, locating curated resources within a Facebook group, collaboration, and strategies for overcoming information hurdles. The findings demonstrate that fan communities are rich socio‐cultural environments, replete with sophisticated information practices.
Enhancing bibliographic records in academic library catalogs: An empirical study
Authors: Wu Shuheng
Published: October 2020

This poster presents preliminary findings of a study which examines users' needs and requirements for bibliographic enhancement data (B.E.D.) in academic library catalogs. Qualitative data were collected through eight participants' activity logs and follow‐up interviews. This study identified 17 types of B.E.D. useful for supporting the user tasks defined in the Library Reference Model and in six other contexts, such as enhancing users' reading interpretation. Participants reported nine quality criteria important for B.E.D. Findings suggest that adoption of BIBFRAME and Semantic Web technologies may enable academic library catalogs to provide B.E.D. to support users in various contexts.
Understanding how African‐American and Latinx youth evaluate their experiences with digital assistants
Authors: Yi Siqi , Slota Stephen C. , Bailey Jakki O. , Watkins S. Craig , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: October 2020

As artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven devices play an increasingly important role in children's lives, there is a need for research considering how socioeconomic and cultural differences shape children's engagement with digital assistants. This paper reports results from 10 interviews, including five African‐American or Latinx parent/child dyads about how they use and evaluate digital assistants. We identified three key themes resulting from these interviews: usability, privacy, and digital literacy. We conclude that further study is needed to ensure that digital assistants are aligned with the values of children from underrepresented populations.
Mapping bf:Work to lrm:Work and lrm:Expression: Towards a set‐theoretical approach
Authors: Hahn Jim , Dousa Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

The two bibliographical models currently informing the design of systems for the representation of bibliographical data – the IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA‐LRM) and BIBFRAME 2.0 – do not seamlessly map onto one another. In particular, there are conceptual problems in mapping between the bibliographical entity BIBFRAME:Work and its counterparts, IFLA‐LRM:Work and IFLA‐LRM:Expression. To mitigate these difficulties, we argue for applying a set‐theoretical framework to the mapping between BIBFRAME:Work and IFLA‐LRM:Work and IFLA‐LRM:Expression.
Does GDPR influence the hospital‐patient relationship? Trust and commitment between health data stakeholders
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jen , Jeng Wei
Published: October 2020

GDPR influences the way people define and use personal data. This study aims to discuss how the relationship between data subjects and data controllers in the healthcare context would be influenced under GDPR. We adopt the Key Mediating Variable, as a conceptual model, to reveal potential changes in the hospital‐patient relationship, specifically in terms of trust and commitment, as influenced by GDPR in the following five precursors: relationship termination costs, benefits, shared values of data, communication, and opportunistic behavior.
Applying BIBFRAME in large‐scale digital libraries: The HathiTrust Research Center's experience
Authors: Jett Jacob , Kudeki Deren , Worhtley Glen , Cole Timothy W. , Downie J. Stephen
Published: October 2020

In 2018 the HathiTrust Research Center built an experimental triplestore of BIBFRAME RDF from the HathiTrust Digital Library's MARC metadata catalog. This poster describes processes used to convert from MARC to BIBFRAME, to enrich descriptions with links, and to visualize worksets using RDF created.
Data‐driven semantic indexing of digital assets documenting American football game action
Authors: MacCall Steven L. , Liu Huapu
Published: October 2020

This is a work‐in‐progress poster reporting on research investigating the item‐level semantic indexing of digital assets (i.e., images and video clips) that document action during American football games. Our data‐driven semantic indexing method is novel in that it is not based on the traditional asset‐by‐asset approach that results in the creation of individual metadata records for each asset; rather, our method inverts the traditional process by facilitating the organizing of each game on a play‐by‐play basis first by using play‐level statistical datasets for those games, and then “attaching” each digital asset to the appropriate play via an actual or simulated time‐based parameter. In this poster, we will report on the implementation of our MediaWiki/Wikibase instance, on key classes and properties from our data model, and we will provide a live demo of example SPARQL queries demonstrating the precision searches that are made possible by our data‐driven semantic indexing method.
University students' information behavior when experiencing mental health symptoms
Authors: Oh Chi Young , Kornfield Rachel , Lattie Emily G. , Mohr David C. , Reddy Madhu
Published: October 2020

This work‐in‐progress paper reports preliminary analysis of an online survey of 224 university students (undergraduate or graduate), examining their help‐seeking behavior, information needs, information‐seeking behavior, and information‐seeking satisfaction when experiencing stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms. Information on the Internet was the most commonly used source of help and information. While most demonstrated at least mild mental illness symptoms, students were inclined to seek information around self‐help/care rather than around professional help. This study extends information behavior research to the mental health context, and our future analyses will assess how students’ information behavior relates to their psychological and sociodemographic factors.
“I find myself wondering why I wanted to do this:” Identifying barriers for students of color in the LIS field
Authors: Iribe Ramirez Yvette , Tari Mina
Published: October 2020

In this pilot study we explored barriers graduate students of color experienced entering and during their Master of Library and Information Science program. Preliminary results indicate specific concerns students have about representation within the degree program, and the field as a whole. However, students are optimistic about their role in the field and feel that their experiences and voices will be valued moving into professional positions. Finally, this study helps our understanding of student's perceived barriers entering the LIS field, as we continue future work toward dismantling these barriers.
Investigating COVID‐19‐Related query logs of Chinese search engine users
Authors: Ye Ziyi , Mao Jiaxin , Liu Yiqun , Zhang Min , Ma Shaoping
Published: October 2020

Query logs include valuable information for understanding user intent and behavior in Web search. In this article, we investigate COVID‐19‐related query logs by dividing search sessions into different intent and analyzing the user behavior of groups and individuals. We believe it important to learn about the epidemic's influence on users' search behavior and refine search engine to confront similar epidemic outbreaks in the future.
A case report: Challenges in COVID‐19 modeling at a public health department
Authors: Rogers Monica
Published: October 2020

In response to the COVID‐19 public health emergency, the Tulsa Health Department created local models. This was an iterative process, with the focus predicting all infections (including asymptomatic and mild cases that would not meet testing criteria,) and deaths for the Tulsa area. SEIR‐type models were utilized. Developing infectious disease models is challenging due to data issues related to validity, and complex interrelated assumptions, and this was exacerbated with the COVID‐19 crisis. Directly related to these data challenges were challenges with communicating without spreading misinformation, and being clear about the model limitations.
A Bayesian adaptive phase I/II platform trial design for pediatric immunotherapy trials
Authors: Mu Rongji , Pan Haitao , Xu Guoying
Published: October 2020

Immunotherapy is the most promising new cancer treatment for various pediatric tumors and has resulted in an unprecedented surge in the number of novel immunotherapeutic treatments that need to be evaluated in clinical trials. Most phase I/II trial designs have been developed for evaluating only one candidate treatment at a time, and are thus not optimal for this task. To address these issues, we propose a Bayesian phase I/II platform trial design, which accounts for the unique features of immunotherapy, thereby allowing investigators to continuously screen a large number of immunotherapeutic treatments in an efficient and seamless manner. The elicited numerical utility is adopted to account for the risk‐benefit trade‐off and to quantify the desirability of the dose. During the trial, inefficacious or overly toxic treatments are adaptively dropped from the trial and the promising treatments are graduated from the trial to the next stage of development. Once an experimental treatment is dropped or graduated, the next available new treatment can be immediately added and tested. Extensive simulation studies have demonstrated the desirable operating characteristics of the proposed design.
Enamines and Dimethylamino Imines as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Reactions of DMF‐DMA Reagent with Different Functional Groups
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Koca İrfan
Published: October 2020

N,N‐Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF‐DMA) reagent can react with different functional groups of organic compounds. Enamines and dimethylamino imines are obtained, when the DMF‐DMA reagent is reacted with methylene, methyl and amino groups. These products are formed in the intermediate step in the synthesis of many hetero rings. These compounds are especially used as a starting material in the synthesis of heterostructures such as pyrimidine, pyridine, pyrazole, etc. Therefore, DMF‐DMA has been particularly prominent as a reagent in targeted synthesis and designs of many heterocyclic compounds. Herein, the reactions of DMF‐DMA reagent with different functional groups are categorized in four classes (methylene, methyl, amino, other groups) and the reactions of obtained enamine and dimethylamino imine compounds are investigated in detail such as nucleophilic addition, intramolecular cyclization or condensation reactions. The synthesis and continuation reactions of the enamine and dimethylamino imine compounds are also examined in terms of experimental conditions and reagents used.
New PEG‐Modified Ladder‐Like Silsesquioxane as an Antifoaming Agent
Authors: Goodarzi Faranak , Karimi Ali Reza
Published: October 2020

New ladder‐like silsesquioxane modified with polyethylene glycol as an antifoaming agent based on silicone was synthesized. Silsesquioxane containing polyethylene glycol fragments was successfully fabricated through the reaction of silsesquioxane bearing cyanuric chloride as a linker molecule with polyethylene glycol groups. The structure of the modified silsesquioxane was characterized by middle infrared spectroscopy (MIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE/SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the new silsesquioxane had excellent thermal stability. This modified structure was used as antifoaming agent for prevention of carryover in boiler systems. Furthermore, the results indicate that the combination of silsesquioxane and polyethylene glycol groups tends to increase the antifoaming properties of the new silicone‐based agent.
Synthesis of 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐Dienes using Tetracyanoethylene Oxide via [3+2]‐Cycloaddition‐Ring Opening Reaction
Authors: Dar Arif Hassan , Gowri Vijayendran , Neethu K. M. , Jayamurugan Govindasamy
Published: October 2020

Unlike the [3+2] cycloadduct of electron‐donating group (EDG)‐free alkynes with tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO), the EDG induced [3+2] cycloadduct underwent one‐pot ring‐opening and deoxygenation reactions to provide the established EDG‐substituted non‐planar 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐dienes (TCBDs) push‐pull chromophores. This is an alternate synthetic method that provides access to TCBDs other than the [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reactions with tetracyanoethene.
Ultrafine CeO2 Nanodots Embedded in Porous ZrO2 for Efficient and Sustainable Chlorine Recycle through Hydrochloric Acid Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Li Dunfei , Wang Zhicheng , Huang Jincan , Fei Zhaoyang , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu
Published: October 2020

Ceria (CeO2) has been regarded as one of the most promising industrial catalysts for hydrochloric acid (HCl) oxidation to replace RuO2‐based catalysts. Thermal sintering and chlorination of CeO2 limit its large‐scale application. In this work, ultrafine CeO2 nanodots embedded in a porous ZrO2 matrix (CeO2@ZrO2) are successfully prepared by a spontaneous deposition method and evaluated in HCl catalytic oxidation for sustainable Cl2 recycle. The physicochemical properties of CeO2@ZrO2 catalysts are characterized by means of XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, H2‐TPR and oxygen storage capacity (OSC). The results reveal that all CeO2@ZrO2 catalysts display large specific surface area, pore volume, perfect low‐temperature reduction performance and oxygen storage‐release capacity. More importantly, the unique structure of the CeO2 nanodots isolated by amorphous ZrO2 improves the dispersion and inhibits the sintering of active sites. The optimized 40CeO2@ZrO2 catalyst reveals superior activity (1.90 gCl2 ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) and good durability (100 h under 430 °C). Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption of O2 and HCl is competitive at the active sites, and the desorption of surface Cl is the rate‐determining step.
Synthesis of Chalcone‐Derived Heteroaromatics with Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Jin Hui , Jiang Xia , Yoo Hyebin , Wang Tingshu , Sung Chul Gi , Choi Umji , Lee Chang‐Ro , Yu Haiyang , Koo Sangho
Published: October 2020

An efficient synthetic method of medicinally important chalcone‐derived heteroaromatics was proposed, which comprised of conjugate addition of ethyl acetoacetate to chalcones, followed by MnIII/CoII‐catalyzed oxidative deacetylation. Paal‐Knorr reactions of the resulting 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds containing various phenyl substituents produced the corresponding 2‐carboethoxy‐3,5‐diphenyl furans, pyrroles, and thiophenes. The scope, mechanism, and electronic requirements for the phenyl substituents of chalcones in the key radical‐medicated deacetylation reaction were fully elucidated. Antibacterial activities of the 21 chalcone‐derived heteroaromatics were screened for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The parent pyrrole 5 a showed most effective inhibition for E. coli and one third of the heteroaromatics exhibited significant inhibition for S. aureus at the concentration of 64 μg/mL.
Simultaneous Determination of Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ Based on 1,4‐Benzenedithiol‐2,5‐diamino‐hydrochloride‐1,3,5‐triformylbenzene Covalent‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yu Jingguo , Han Jiajia , Li Pinghua , Huang Zhenzhong , Chen Shouhui
Published: October 2020

Industry wastewater without purification treatment might contain heavy metal ions (HMIs), and the HMIs in water can induce various diseases regional outbreaks. It is necessary to monitor trace heavy metal ions in water samples. Herein, a covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), COFBTLP‐1, is synthesized via a solvothermal reaction between 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene and 2,5‐diamino‐1,4‐benzenedithiol dihydrochloride. Two‐dimensional (2D) COFs nanosheets can be easily ultrasonically peeled from the bulk COFs. The COFs nanosheets were porous and flexible. And there are 24 metal ions adsorption sites on every cyclical structure of the COFs, provided by 12 S atoms and 12 N atoms on it. The 2D COFs nanosheets can be directly modified on the glassy carbon electrode without adhesive reagent and conductive reagent. The modified electrode shows high accuracy, high sensitivity, and low limit of detection for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of HMIs, Cd2+, Cu2+ Pb2+, and Hg2+.
In‐Situ Synthesis Graphene Supported TiO2 Nanosheets with Superior Cyclic and Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Ding‐Rong , Wu Qi‐Hui
Published: October 2020

Anatase‐TiO2/graphene nanosheets (TiO2/GNs) composite with 3D architecture was synthesized via an in‐situ method. The honeycomb‐like structure has a porous nature, high stability and abundant electron/lithium pathways. When the sample was used as an anode material for Li‐ion battery, it showed an excellent electrochemistry performance with superior rate and cyclic performance. The capacity can keep at 184 mA h g−1 at 50 C (16.5 A g−1) after 10000 cycles. While, when the rate increased to as high as 150 C (52.5 A g−1), the reversible capacity can still maintain at above 125 mA h g−1. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the nanocomposite has great potential applied in long‐life LIBs.
The Improvement on One‐pot Preparation of CoMo/Al2O3‐TiO2 Catalysts with Citric Acid Post‐treatment for Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene
Authors: Han Dezhi , Xie Wenpeng , Li Qinghong , Chen Guoliang , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Qinqin , Bing Liancheng , Fu Haitao , Wang Fang , Wang Guangjian
Published: October 2020

The preparation of the supported catalysts with the treatment of various chelating agents would significantly influence their physicochemical properties and corresponding catalytic performance. In the present work, three different methods such as the incipient wetness impregnation method, wet mixing method, and the one‐pot method were employed to prepare the CoMo/Al2O3‐TiO2 hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. After the comprehensive consideration of the characterization and catalytic performance results, the catalyst prepared by the one‐pot method (OP) was further post‐treated by citric acid (CA) with different concentrations. The thiophene conversion over the CA post‐treated catalysts was significantly improved in comparison with that of the parent catalyst, especially for the OP‐C1.5 catalyst (molar ratio of CA/Mo=1.5) with the thiophene conversion higher than 97.2 %. The CA with the appropriate addition amount in the post‐treatment solution can weaken the MoO3‐Al2O3 interaction for promoting the re‐dispersion of Mo species, which is responsible for the enhanced HDS performance over the CA post‐treated catalysts.
A Heart‐Breast Cancer‐on‐a‐Chip Platform for Disease Modeling and Monitoring of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Junmin , Mehrotra Shreya , Zare‐Eelanjegh Elaheh , Rodrigues Raquel O. , Akbarinejad Alireza , Ge David , Amato Luca , Kiaee Kiavash , Fang YongCong , Rosenkranz Aliza , Keung Wendy , Mandal Biman B. , Li Ronald A. , Zhang Ting , Lee HeaYeon , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Zhang Yu Shrike , Khademhosseini Ali , Shin Su Ryon
Published: October 2020

Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current approaches to monitoring of chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) as well as model systems that develop in vivo or in vitro CIC platforms fail to notice early signs of CIC. Moreover, breast cancer (BC) patients with preexisting cardiac dysfunctions may lead to different incident levels of CIC. Here, a model is presented for investigating CIC where not only induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived cardiac tissues are interacted with BC tissues on a dual‐organ platform, but electrochemical immuno‐aptasensors can also monitor cell‐secreted multiple biomarkers. Fibrotic stages of iPSC‐derived cardiac tissues are promoted with a supplement of transforming growth factor‐β 1 to assess the differential functionality in healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissues after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). The production trend of biomarkers evaluated by using the immuno‐aptasensors well‐matches the outcomes from conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrating the accuracy of the authors’ sensing platform with much higher sensitivity and lower detection limits for early monitoring of CIC and BC progression. Furthermore, the versatility of this platform is demonstrated by applying a nanoparticle‐based DOX‐delivery system. The proposed platform would potentially help allow early detection and prediction of CIC in individual patients in the future.
Educational gender gaps
Authors: Lundberg Shelly
Published: October 2020

Cross‐country studies reveal two consistent gender gaps in education—underachievement in school by boys and low rates of participation in STEM studies by girls. Recent economics research has shown the importance of social influences on women's STEM avoidance, but male low achievement has been less‐studied and tends to be attributed to behavior problems and deficient non‐cognitive skills. I revisit the determinants of the gender gap in U.S. educational attainment with a relatively‐advantaged sample of young men and women and find that school behavior and measured skills are not very important drivers of gender differences, particularly in the transition to college. Educational aspirations, on the other hand, are strongly predictive of educational gaps and the gender difference in aspirations cannot be explained, even with rich adolescent data that includes parental expectations and school achievement indicators. These results suggest that gender identity concerns may influence (and damage) the educational prospects of boys as well as girls through norms of masculinity that discourage academic achievement.
Enhancing Open‐Circuit Voltage in Gradient Organic Solar Cells by Rectifying Thermalization Losses
Authors: Andersson Olof , Kemerink Martijn
Published: October 2020

In virtually all solar cells, including optimized ones that operate close to the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit, thermalization losses are a major, efficiency‐limiting factor. In typical bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, the loss of the excess energy of photocreated charge carriers in the disorder‐broadened density of states is a relatively slow process that for commonly encountered disorder values takes longer than the charge extraction time. Herein, it is demonstrated by numerical modeling that this slow relaxation can be rectified by means of a linear gradient in the donor:acceptor ratio between anode and cathode. For experimentally relevant parameters, open‐circuit voltage () enhancements up to ≈0.2 V in combination with significant enhancements in fill factor as compared to devices without gradient are found. The enhancement can be understood in terms of a simple nonequilibrium effective temperature model. Implications for existing and future organic photovoltaics (OPV) devices are discussed.
Selective Ethanol Oxidation to Acetaldehyde on Nanostructured Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8‐Wrapped ZnO Photothermocatalyst Thin Films
Authors: Wu Hao , Tan Tze Hao , Liu Rugeng , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Ng Yun Hau
Published: October 2020

Photothermocatalytic ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde offers an alternative technology in synthesizing high‐value‐added chemicals. However, the practical application is hindered by the competition from overoxidation leading to complete mineralization. Herein, the 1D nanostructured ZnO@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) composite is reported as an efficient photothermocatalyst, which shows improved conversion efficiency and high catalytic selectivity and durability compared with the parent ZnO nanorods, for continuous ethanol oxidation in a flow system. The ZnO@ZIF‐8 composite achieves a high selectivity of 91.5% toward acetaldehyde production. The underlying mechanism is probed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, transient open‐circuit potential, and steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Collectively, the probings show that the improved performance originates from 1) facilitated charge separation; 2) lowered oxidation potential holes; 3) enlarged surface area; and 4) preferred reaction routes. This work provides a new perspective for the design of a hybrid photothermocatalyst for selective solar energy conversion into desirable chemicals.
Complex Langevin calculations in QCD at finite density
Authors: Ito Yuta , Matsufuru Hideo , Namekawa Yusuke , Nishimura Jun , Shimasaki Shinji , Tsuchiya Asato , Tsutsui Shoichiro
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We demonstrate that the complex Langevin method (CLM) enables calculations in QCD at finite density in a parameter regime in which conventional methods, such as the density of states method and the Taylor expansion method, are not applicable due to the severe sign problem. Here we use the plaquette gauge action with β = 5.7 and four-flavor staggered fermions with degenerate quark mass ma = 0.01 and nonzero quark chemical potential μ. We confirm that a sufficient condition for correct convergence is satisfied for μ/T = 5.2 − 7.2 on a 83 × 16 lattice and μ/T = 1.6 − 9.6 on a 163 × 32 lattice. In particular, the expectation value of the quark number is found to have a plateau with respect to μ with the height of 24 for both lattices. This plateau can be understood from the Fermi distribution of quarks, and its height coincides with the degrees of freedom of a single quark with zero momentum, which is 3 (color) × 4 (flavor) × 2 (spin) = 24. Our results may be viewed as the first step towards the formation of the Fermi sphere, which plays a crucial role in color superconductivity conjectured from effective theories.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supersymmetric Double Field Theory and the generalized Kerr-Schild ansatz
Authors: Lescano Eric , Rodríguez Jesús A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We construct the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric extension of the generalized Kerr-Schild ansatz in the flux formulation of Double Field Theory. We show that this ansatz is compatible with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry as long as it is not written in terms of generalized null vectors. Supersymmetric consistency is obtained through a set of conditions that imply linearity of the generalized gravitino perturbation and unrestricted perturbations of the generalized background dilaton and dilatino. As a final step we parametrize the previous theory in terms of the field content of the low energy effective 10-dimensional heterotic supergravity and we find that the perturbation of the 10-dimensional vielbein, Kalb-Ramond field, gauge field, gravitino and gaugino can be written in terms of vectors, as expected.
Spectral theories and topological strings on del Pezzo geometries
Authors: Moriyama Sanefumi
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivated by understanding M2-branes, we propose to reformulate partition functions of M2-branes by quantum curves. Especially, we focus on the backgrounds of del Pezzo geometries, which enjoy Weyl group symmetries of exceptional algebras. We construct quantum curves explicitly and turn to the analysis of classical phase space areas and quantum mirror maps. We find that the group structure helps in clarifying previous subtleties, such as the shift of the chemical potential in the area and the identification of the overall factor of the spectral operator in the mirror map. We list the multiplicities characterizing the quantum mirror maps and find that the decoupling relation known for the BPS indices works for the mirror maps. As a result, with the group structure we can present explicitly the statement for the correspondence between spectral theories and topological strings on del Pezzo geometries.
Growth cone repulsion to Netrin-1 depends on lipid raft microdomains enriched in UNC5 receptors
Authors: Hernaiz-Llorens Marc , Roselló-Busquets Cristina , Durisic Nela , Filip Adam , Ulloa Fausto , Martínez-Mármol Ramón , Soriano Eduardo
Published: October 2020

During brain development, Uncoordinated locomotion 5 (UNC5) receptors control axonal extension through their sensing of the guidance molecule Netrin-1. The correct positioning of receptors into cholesterol-enriched membrane raft microdomains is crucial for the efficient transduction of the recognized signals. However, whether such microdomains are required for the appropriate axonal guidance mediated by UNC5 receptors remains unknown. Here, we combine the use of confocal microscopy, live-cell FRAP analysis and single-particle tracking PALM to characterize the distribution of UNC5 receptors into raft microdomains, revealing differences in their membrane mobility properties. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in primary neuronal cultures and brain cerebellar explants we further demonstrate that disrupting raft microdomains inhibits the chemorepulsive response of growth cones and axons against Netrin-1. Together, our findings indicate that the distribution of all UNC5 receptors into cholesterol-enriched raft microdomains is heterogeneous and that the specific localization has functional consequences for the axonal chemorepulsion against Netrin-1.
The Seismic Source Parameters of Tremors Provoked by Long-Hole Destress Blasting Executed During the Longwall Mining of a Coal Seam Under Variable Stress Conditions
Authors: Wojtecki Łukasz , Mendecki Maciej J. , Gołda Iwona , Zuberek Wacław M.
Published: October 2020

The underground mining of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is carried out at great depths and mostly in the presence of remnants or edges of other surrounding coal seams, i.e. under the condition of high stress level in the rock mass. Therefore, this mining is accompanied by rockburst hazard and suitable preventive action is required. Long-hole destress blasting plays an important role and is commonly applied in rockburst prevention in underground hard coal mines. Estimated blasting effectiveness is important when designing rockburst prevention. It is commonly estimated on the basis of the seismic energy of a provoked tremor. The seismic source parameters have already been considered for this purpose. Additional information about the effects of long-hole destress blasting could be contemplated in the planning of active rockburst prevention. The seismic source parameters of tremors provoked by long-hole destress blasting have been calculated and are presented in this article. Destress blasts were performed during the longwall mining of coal seam no. 506 in one of the hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. They were executed from the longwall face, in order to destress the rock mass ahead of it. Parameters of the blasts were variable and they were modified according to geological and mining conditions and the observed level of rockburst hazard. The seismic source parameters have been determined for tremors provoked directly after firing explosives and for tremors occurring in the waiting time, and they have been compared with each other.
Rekombinante Allergene, Peptide und Virus-like Particles in der Immuntherapie von Allergien
Authors: Holzhauser Thomas , Schuler Frank , Dudek Simone , Kaul Susanne , Vieths Stefan , Mahler Vera
Published: October 2020

Aktuell werden extraktbasierte Therapieallergene aus natürlichen Allergenquellen (z. B. Hausstaubmilben, Baum- und Gräserpollen) zur allergenspezifischen Immuntherapie (AIT) eingesetzt, dem einzigen kausalen Therapieansatz, der durch Toleranzentwicklung allergische Erkrankungen positiv verändern und langfristig eine Krankheitsprogression verhindern kann. Aufgrund von Schwankungen in der natürlichen Zusammensetzung der Ausgangsmaterialien und unterschiedlichen Herstellungsprozessen ergeben sich Varianzen in Proteingehalt, Allergenkomposition und allergener Aktivität gleichlautender Produkte, was spezifische Herausforderungen an ihre Standardisierung stellt. Die Aufklärung der Nukleotidsequenzen allergieauslösender Proteine führte zur Entwicklung molekularer AIT-Ansätze. Dies ermöglicht die Applikation von ausschließlich allergologisch relevanten Strukturen und schließt chemisch synthetisierte Peptide, rekombinante Einzelallergene und Therapiemoleküle mit hypoallergenen Eigenschaften ein, die potenziell eine Auftitration mit höheren Allergendosen ohne allergische Nebenwirkungen und schnelleres Erreichen der wirksamen kumulativen Dosis ermöglichen. Zudem lassen sich weitere Modifikationen der AIT-Ansätze zur Verbesserung der allergenen und immunogenen Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel durch Verwendung von Virus-like Particles (VLP), erreichen. Bis dato sind die hier beschriebenen AIT-Ansätze ausschließlich in der klinischen Erprobung. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die publizierten, in klinischen AIT-Studien eingesetzten molekularen Allergietherapeutika. Ihr Mehrwert sowie Herausforderungen gegenüber etablierten Therapieallergenen werden diskutiert. Ziel ist die Entwicklung hochwirksamer und verträglicher AIT-Präparate mit einer verbesserten Patientenakzeptanz und -adhärenz.