bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of Water by Visible‐Light Irradiation of Colloidal CdS Solutions; Inhibition of Photocorrosion by RuO2
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Kuppuswamy , Borgarello Enrico , Duonghong Dung , Grätzel Michael
Published: December 2003

The conversion of light into chemical fuels in photochemical devices equipped with semiconductor electrodes (e.g. of n‐CdS) is associated with a serious problem: “holes” produced in the valence band of the semidonductor upon irradiation migrate to the surface where photocorrosion occurs. In mi‐croheterogenous CdS systems this is remedied by a thin layer of RuO2. A CdS sol prepared in the presence of maleic anhydride/styrene copolymer has now been loaded with RuO2 and Pt; these CdS microelectrodes are surprisingly active catalysts for cleavage of H2O and H2S.
Potassium Metal Dispersed on Silica: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Levy Jaacov , Tamarkin Dov , Selig Henry , Rabinovitz Mordecai
Published: December 2003

The title reagent K/SiO2 has a greater reactivity and a different selectivity compared to metallic potassium. It is particularly suitable for dimerizations: benzophenone can be converted with K/SiO2 into benzopinacol in 72% yield; bromo‐ and iodobenzene afford biphenyl in yields of more than 80%.
A Ternary Crown Ether “Supercomplex”: X‐Ray Structure Analysis of the 1:1:1 Adduct of Dibenzo‐[18]‐Crown‐6, Potassium Iodide, and Thiourea
Authors: Hilgenfeld Rolf , Saenger Wolfram
Published: December 2003

For the formation of ternary “super complexes” the character of the participating anions is of decisive importance. In the polymeric 1:1:1 complexes of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6, potassium iodide, and thiourea, K+ is situated in the center of the crown ether cavity and is additionally coordinated by I−; thiourea forms polymeric chains linked by H‐bridges. Only readily polarizable ions such as I − are capable of functioning as connecting links between crown ether complexes and thiourea chain.
Optimal Parameters in High Speed Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Halász István , Görlitz Gerhard
Published: December 2003

After a decade, the first storm of development in high performance liquid chromatography seems to be abating. Providing the stationary phase and eluent are optimized, most routine analytical and semi‐preparative separation problems require columns having between 1000 and 10000 theoretical plates. Commercial apparatus and columns completely satisfy these requirements. For many separation problems the efficiency of the columns on offer is greater than required. Since optimal (not maximal) separation is required with shorter analysis times, the column inlet pressure is increased in order to increase the eluent velocity, while at the same time reducing the column efficiency. The same result can be obtained by using shorter columns and lower pressures. Since inlet pressures of more than 100 bar are seldom required in routine analysis, the term “high pressureliquid chromatography” is a misnomer.—It is probable that difficult separation problems, where several 100 000 theoretical plates are required, will be studied in the next phase of development. It can be shown using nomograms that such problems can be solved within acceptable time limits using inlet pressures of less than 500 bar. Further possible directions of development are indicated.
Reversible Electrochemical Formation of Graphite Fluoride from Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid
Authors: Beck Fritz , Kaiser Werner , Krohn Holger
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 57. DOI:10.1002/anie.198200570
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (+)‐Sarracenin via Photochemical Cycloaddition
Authors: Tietze Lutz‐F. , Glüsenkamp Karl‐Heinz , Nakane Masami , Hutchinson C. Richard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 126. DOI:10.1002/anie.198201260
Methylene Bridging of two Gold Atoms through Double Oxidative Addition of Methylene Dihalides to a Cyclic Ylide Complex
Authors: Jandik Petr , Schubert Ulrich , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1. DOI:10.1002/anie.198200010
How Similar are Tropoquinones and Benzoquinones?
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Dobler Walter , Eckert‐Maksić Mirjana
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 13. DOI:10.1002/anie.198200130
The Effect of an Annelated Cyclobutene or Cyclobutadiene Ring on the Norcaradiene—Cycloheptatriene Equilibrium
Authors: Klärner Frank‐Gerrit , Schmidt Eckhart K. G. , Rahman Mahmoud Abdel
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 331. DOI:10.1002/anie.198203310
The Question of the Antiaromaticity of 1,3‐Cyclobutadiene: Thermal Valence Isomerization of the Tricyclo[5.2.0.03,5]nona‐1,6,8‐triene System
Authors: Klärner Frank‐Gerrit , Schmidt Eckhart K. G. , Rahman Mahmoud A. Abdel , Kollmar Herbert
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 338. DOI:10.1002/anie.198203380
C‐Carboxylation of Nitroalkanes with 1‐Ethoxycarbonylbenzotriazole
Authors: Proštenik Mladen V. , Butula Ivan
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 225. DOI:10.1002/anie.198202250
“Bichromocenylene”: A Sandwich with Partly Decoupled Electrons
Authors: Köhler Frank Herwig , Doll Karl Heinz , Prössdorf Wolfram , Müller Jörn
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 283. DOI:10.1002/anie.198202830
Diastereoselective Synthesis of D,L‐Sphingosine
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Kläger Rudolf
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 393. DOI:10.1002/anie.198203930
Selective CH Bond Activation in Ethane Using Photoexcited Cu Atoms
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A. , Mitchell Steven A. , García‐Prieto Jamie
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 369. DOI:10.1002/anie.198203690
Antimony Homologues of Dinitrogen and Azobenzene as Complex Ligands: Preparation and Structure of [SbSb{W(CO)5}3] and [PhSbSbPh{W(CO)5}3]
Authors: Huttner Gottfried , Weber Ute , Sigwarth Beate , Scheidsteger Olaf
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 411. DOI:10.1002/anie.198204110
Serial Cyclizations of An Arachidonic Acid Hydroperoxide
Authors: Khan Jamil A. , Porter Ned A.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 513. DOI:10.1002/anie.198205130
Geminal Vinyl Diazides: Potential Precursors of Functionalized Alkylidenecarbenes; Synthesis and Reactions of 3,3‐Diazido‐2‐cyanoacrylic Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Carrié Robert , Danion Daniel , Ackermann Erich , Saalfrank Rolf W.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 660. DOI:10.1002/anie.198206600
Substituent‐Dependent Competition between 1,5‐ and 3,5‐Cyclization in Vinly Azides; 4H‐Triazoles from 3,3‐Diazido‐2‐cyanoacrylic Acid Methyl Ester and Primary Amines
Authors: Carrié Robert , Danion Daniel , Ackermann Erich , Saalfrank Rolf W.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 668. DOI:10.1002/anie.198206680
A Bishomocyclooctatetraene Dianion
Authors: Huber Walter , Müllen Klaus , Busch Ralf , Grimme Wolfram , Heinze Jürgen
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 566. DOI:10.1002/anie.198205660
Hetero Diels‐Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Thromboxane Intermediates
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Abele Wolfgang
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 616. DOI:10.1002/anie.198206160
Electrochemical Reduction of [2.2]Paracylophane
Authors: Jund Rodolphe , Lemoine Paul , Gross Maurice
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 654. DOI:10.1002/anie.198206540
N‐(Pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)iminosulfur tetrafluoride by reaction of thiazyl trifluoride with fluorine
Authors: Waterfeld Alfred , Mews Rüdiger
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 827. DOI:10.1002/anie.198208270
Bis(pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)amines
Authors: Waterfeld Alfred , Oberhammer Heinz , Mews Rüdiger
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 834. DOI:10.1002/anie.198208340
(Chloroacyl)diphenylphosphanes as Sources of Halogenated ketenes
Authors: Lindner Ekkehard , Steinwand Michael , Hoehne Sigurd
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 913. DOI:10.1002/anie.198209130
Triphosphaalkanes R2P—CH2—PR—CH2—PR2 (R = Cl, CH3)
Authors: Hietkamp Sibbele , Sommer Herbert , Stelzer Othmar
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 817. DOI:10.1002/anie.198208170
Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Acetophenone with Rhodium‐Complexes of Optically Active Schiff Bases
Authors: Brunner Henri , Riepl Georg
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 769. DOI:10.1002/anie.198207690
Reaction of 4‐Methyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione with Fulvenes: A 1,3‐Sigmatropic Shift involving a Dipolar Intermediate
Authors: Olsen Henrik
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 893. DOI:10.1002/anie.198208930
A Mononuclear Hydroxoiron(III) Complex of a Porphinoid Ligand System with Bifacial Steric Hindrance
Authors: Buchler Johann W. , Lay K. Lam , Lee Young J. , Scheidt W. Robert
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 996. DOI:10.1002/anie.198209960
Semibullvalenetetracarboxylates: Models for Molecules with Bishomoaromatic Ground State
Authors: Gompper Rudolf , Schwarzensteiner Marie‐Luise
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1028. DOI:10.1002/anie.198210280
Monomolecular Membranes from Synthetic Macrotetrolides
Authors: Fuhrhop Jügen‐Hinrich , Ellermann Karin , David Hans Herrmann , Mathieu Joachim
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 980. DOI:10.1002/anie.198209800
Bis(dinitrogen)‐ and Diethylene‐molybdenum(0) Complexes
Authors: Carmona Ernesto , Marín José M. , Poveda Manuel L. , Atwood Jerry L. , Rogers Robin D. , Wilkinson Geoffrey
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1116. DOI:10.1002/anie.198211160
CαCα‐Coupling of Two {(CO)5CrCNEt2} Fragments by Reductive Dimerization of a Cationic Carbyne Complex
Authors: Fischer Ernst Otto , Wittmann Dieter , Himmelreich Dieter , Neugebauer Dietmar
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1036. DOI:10.1002/anie.198210360
4‐Oxo‐2‐cyclopentenyl Acetate—A Synthetic Intermediate
Authors: Harre Michael , Raddatz Peter , Walenta Rainer , Winterfeldt Ekkehard
Published: December 2003

The present day importance of cyclopentenone derivatives in preparative organic chemistry and especially in natural product chemistry is demonstrated by the stereoselective synthesis of substituted and annelated cyclopentanone derivatives. It has been found that 4‐oxo‐2‐cyclopentenyl acetate (“4‐acetoxy‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐one”) can be used in many reactions as a substitute for cyclopentadienone, which is itself too unstable to be isolated. A large variety of polyfunctionalized cyclopentanone derivatives, as well as carbocyclic and heterocyclic annelation products, can thus be obtained in a simple way. Various stereoselective transformations of the adducts so formed are presented, using the total synthesis of brefeldin A—a typical natural product of this series—as example. Several methods for the synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2‐cyclopentenyl acetate are outlined and, in addition, the more important methods for the enantioselective synthesis of other 4‐substituted 2‐cyclopenten‐1‐ones are discussed.
Chain and Ring Phosphorus Compounds—Analogies between Phosphorus and Carbon Chemistry
Authors: Baudler Marianne
Published: December 2003

Up to about 15 years ago compounds with a skeleton of phosphorus chains or rings were regarded as “exotic” in the field of nonmetal chemistry. Aside from a number of examples of molecules with two P atoms directly bonded to each other and a few sporadically discovered monocyclic ring compounds, only solids of undefined composition and structure were known. Since then the state of our knowledge in this sector has made considerable progress: between PH3 and its derivatives on the one hand, and the high‐molecular modifications of elementary phosphorus on the other, an unexpected variety of well defined compounds have been discovered, showing many similarities to the analogous compounds of carbon. However, surprises can still occur even with “small” phosphorus‐containing molecules, as shown by the likewise recently discovered field of phosphorus three‐membered ring compounds.
[Mo4(NO)4(S2)6O]2−, A Novel Highly Symmetric Polynuclear Complex with Two “Handle‐Shaped” and Four “Roof‐Shaped” Coordinated S Bridging Ligands at a Tetragonal Mo4 Disphenoid
Authors: Müller Achim , Eltzner Werner , Bögge Hartmut , Sarkar Sabyachi
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1167. DOI:10.1002/anie.198211670
S6N5O4, A Compound with Separately Stacked Cyclic Radical Cations S3N and Cyclic Anions S3N3O
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Witt Michael , Schimkowiak Jürgen , Schmidt Martin , Noltemeyer Mathias , Sheldrick George M.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1273. DOI:10.1002/anie.198212730
Sulfuric Acid Derivatives as Oxidizing Agents for Phosphorus (III) Compounds
Authors: Grosse Jürgen , Pieper Werner , Neumaier Hubert
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1289. DOI:10.1002/anie.198212890
Phosphoniovinamidinium Salts
Authors: Gompper Rudolf , Kujath Eckard , Wagner Hans.‐Ulrich
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1302. DOI:10.1002/anie.198213020
A Simple Synthesis of Di‐ and Trihalobarbaralanes
Authors: Jefford Charles W. , Rossier Jean‐Claude , Zuber Jacques A.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1186. DOI:10.1002/anie.198211860
Basic Principles of the CIP‐System and Proposals for a Revision
Authors: Prelog Vladlmir , Helmchen Günter
Published: December 2003

“From Configurational Notation of Stereoisomers to the Conceptual Basis of Stereochemistry” is the title of a lecture [V. Prelog, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 12 (1975) 179] in which the chronologically and alphabetically third member of the CIP‐triumvirate discusses the history of the CIP‐system. The experience accumulated in the meantime, particularly the efforts to teach computers to use the system as described in 1966 by Cahn, Ingold and Prelog, has shown that certain of its aspects must be more strictly formulated and others modified. Questions dealing with stereoisomers (and stereotopicity), which previously have been treated predominantly in a pragmatic manner, are now discussed in a systematic way.
Induction of Asymmetry by Amino Acids
Authors: Drauz Karlheinz , Kleeman Axel , Martens Jürgen
Published: December 2003

Since the stereoisomers of molecules with one or more asymmetric centers often exhibit different biological activities (e.g. thalidomide, pheromones), stereoselective synthesis as a method of preparative chemistry is rapidly attaining importance. Of the numerous drugs prepared by total synthesis that contain at least one asymmetric center, only about 20% have so far been used in sterically pure form. Amino acids constitute the greatest “chiral pool” of compounds whose enantiomers can be obtained commercially in large amounts; they are gradually being used more and more frequently as auxiliary agents or educts in asymmetric syntheses.
Synthesis and Valence Isomerization of 2,7‐Dihydro‐2,2,7,7‐tetramethylpyrene
Authors: Ackermann Jean , Angliker Herbert , Hasler Erich , Wirz Jakob
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1429. DOI:10.1002/anie.198214290
Li12Si7: Theoretical Interest Aroused
Authors: Liebman Joel F. , Vincent James S.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1424. DOI:10.1002/anie.198214240
Dipotassium Sulfur Diimide, K2SN2
Authors: Herberhold Max , Ehrenreich Wolfgang
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1346. DOI:10.1002/anie.198213460
Determination of the Conformation of Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones from Their Infrared and Raman Spectra—Results and Limitations of Model Calculations
Authors: Oelichmann Hans‐Joachim , Bougeard Daniel , Schrader Bernhard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1404. DOI:10.1002/anie.198214040
Synthetic Membranes—Preparation, Structure, and Application
Authors: Pusch Wolfgang , Walch Axel
Published: December 2003

After a long period of dormancy, membrane separation processes have begun to emerge as technically significant and commercially relevant unit operations. Prior to the mid‐sixties, synthetic membranes were employed for those few specialized laboratory applications which could tolerate low permeability and poor selectivity or in electrochemical applications excluding, e. g., batteries, fuel cells, chloride‐alkali electrolysis, where marginal chemical stability remained a severe limitation. Within the framework of a broad R & D program started in the US in the mid‐fifties and devoted to the production of fresh water from brackish and seawater, developments of more suitable membranes arose out of the application of the principles of physical chemistry, modern polymer chemistry (especially surface or interfacial polymerization and polycondensation technology), and electron microscopy. In particular, it was learned that asymmetric membrane structures comprise a very thin consolidated barrier layer (5000 Å or less for membranes with economically practical filtration rates) supported by an integral but less dense substrate which does not participate in the transport process. Later and after much effort, composite membranes were developed in which the salt‐rejecting skin (still only 5000 Å thick) was placed atop a supporting matrix formed from a more chemically and mechanically stable polymer.—The main desalination research effort led to several spin‐off developments in related membrane fields, e.g. the successful preparation and commercialization of ultrafiltration technology in the automobile, food, and chemical industries. Also, ion‐exchange membranes prepared from perfluorinated polymers offered the electrochemical industry much better chemical stability than the earlier phenolic‐resin‐based ion‐exchange membranes.—Current efforts are aimed at the improved selectivity and stability required for very specific separation processes (e.g. separation of heavy metal salts from waste water or selective enrichment of gases). In the future, the mechanisms of biological processes will have to be exploited for successful development of synthetic membranes suitable for more sophisticated separations.
Vacuum Dynamic Gas Phase/Solid‐Phase Reactions: N‐Chlorination of Primary Amines and α‐Elimination of the Resulting Chloramines; Synthesis of Reactive (E)‐ and (Z)‐Aldimines
Authors: Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Denis Jean‐Marc
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1515. DOI:10.1002/anie.198215150
A Ring Building‐Up Synthesis of N‐Glycosides: Dehydrogenation of Glycosyltriazeno‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Ege Günter , Gilbert Karlheinz , Heck Reinhard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1508. DOI:10.1002/anie.198215080
Building Bridges Between Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Hoffmann Roald
Published: December 2003

Robert B. Woodward, a supreme patterner of chaos, was one of my teachers. I dedicate this lecture to him, for it is our collaboration on orbital symmetry conservation, the electronic factors which govern the course of chemical reactions, which is recognized by half of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. From Woodward I learned much: the significance of the experimental stimulus to theory, the craft of constructing explanations, and the importance of asethetics in science. I will try to show you how these characteristics of chemical theory may be applied to the construction of conceptual bridges between inorganic and organic chemistry.
Oxygen Transfer from Inorganic and Organic Peroxides to Organic Substrates: A Common Mechanism?
Authors: Mimoun Hubert
Published: December 2003

In this progress report an attempt is made to rationalize, from a mechanistic point of view, the different ways in which oxygen is transferred from inorganic and organic peroxides to nucleophilic substrates, particularly olefins. Oxygen transfer from transition‐metal peroxides, which is relevant to catalytic oxidations using O2, H2O2 or ROOH, occurs via a cyclic or “pseudocyclic” peroxymetalation in which a dioxametallacycle is formed. Owing to the wide discrepancy between peroxymetalation and the conventional oxidation mechanism, i.e. nucleophilic attack of the substrate at the electrophilic “active oxygen”, we propose an alternative mechanism involving dioxiranes as the reactive species. The generation of dioxiranes appears to be a common denominator in the reactions of most organic peroxides e.g. peroxy acids, the reaction of electrophilic ketones with H2O2, or ozonizations. Oxygen transfer from dioxirane reagents probably involves the formation of a charge‐transfer π‐complex between the substrate and the carbon atom of the dioxirane, and the subsequent formation of a cyclic peroxidic intermediate.
Determination of the Structure of Dimethyldioctadecylammonium Chloride in Solution by Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering; Reversible Phase Transition
Authors: Paradies Hasko H.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1670. DOI:10.1002/anie.198216700
7‐Azanorbornadiene
Authors: Altenbach Hans‐Josef , Blech Bernd , Marco Juan Alberto , Vogel Emanuel
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1614. DOI:10.1002/anie.198216140
(2,9 : 6,12‐η‐2,3,5,6‐Tetrakis(methylene)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane)zirconocene, an Isolable Bis(olefin)zirconium(II) Compound
Authors: Erker Gerhard , Engel Klaus , Vogel Pierre
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1746. DOI:10.1002/anie.198217460
Indirect Electrochemical Regeneration of NADH by a Bipyridinerhodium(I) Complex as Electron‐Transfer Agent
Authors: Wienkamp Rainer , Steckhan Eberhard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1739. DOI:10.1002/anie.198217390
Alkylation of α‐Diazoketones with Alkyldiazonium, Ions: Facile Synthesis of β‐Alkoxyethylenediazonium Salts
Authors: Bott Kaspar
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1702. DOI:10.1002/anie.198217020
Tricyclo[3.3.0.02,8]octan‐3‐ones: Photochemically Prepared Building Blocks for Enantiospecific Total Syntheses of Cyclopentanoid Natural Products
Authors: Demuth Martin , Schaffner Kurt
Published: December 2003

Bi‐ and tricyclopentanoid natural products have been in the focus of synthetic interest in recent years. With widely applicable building blocks lacking, most work has been restricted in the past to specific approaches to single racemic target structures. A novel concept is now presented which uses for the first time a simple building block, tricyclo[3.3.0.02,8]octan‐3‐one, providing enantiospecific access to diverse cyclopentanoid structures. Tricyclooctanone is obtained in a few steps and in high yield from benzene, via the triplet‐sensitized oxadi‐π‐methane rearrangement of bicyclo[2.2.2]octenone as a photochemical key reaction. Smooth preparations of both enantiomers are possible by resolving the racemic mixture and of the bicyclooctenone. Owing to its structural properties the tricyclooctanone undergoes a wide array of regio‐ and stereoselective transformations in high yields, in compliance with the expectations for a synthetic key compound of general applicability. The total syntheses of boschnialactone, allodolicholactone, irido‐ and isoiridomyrmecin, and loganin aglucone 6‐acetate provide the first examples of successful applications. Promising entries to coriolin, 6a‐carbaprostacyclin and homologs, and 6,11‐dehydroestrone complement this review of the potential of tricyclooctanone as a versatile building block for the enantiospecific total synthesis of polycyclopentanoids and related compounds.
Immobilized Biomaterials—Techniques and Applications
Authors: Sharma Bhavender P. , Bailey Lorraine F. , Messing Ralph A.
Published: December 2003

The immobilization of enzymes, cofactors and whole cells offers the potential of economical exploitation of biomaterial activity. Enzymes or cells can be immobilized by binding to carriers through adsorption or covalent linkages or by entrapment in a polymer matrix or microencapsulation. The development of immobilized biomaterial systems requires the involvement of biochemical, kinetics and reactor design principles. Examples of commercial scale applications of immobilized biomaterial systems are the production of a fructose‐rich syrup from starch and the synthesis of L‐amino acids by selective hydrolysis of N‐acyl‐D,L‐amino acids.
Reversible Photoisomerization between Silaethenes and Methylsilylenes (Methylsilanediyls)
Authors: Reisenauer Hans Peter , Mihm Gerhard , Maier Günther
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1785. DOI:10.1002/anie.198217850
“Isoretinol” and Retinal: An Unorthodox, but Simple Entry to the Vitamin A Series
Authors: Ruzziconi Renzo , Schlosser Manfred
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1853. DOI:10.1002/anie.198218530
Synthesis of an N‐Functionalized 1,3‐Diaza‐ and a P‐Functionalized 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilacyclobutane
Authors: Klingebiel Uwe , Vater Norbert
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1865. DOI:10.1002/anie.198218650
First Metal Complexes of the Norcaradiene Form of 1,6‐Methano[10]annulene
Authors: Mues Peter , Benn Reinhard , Krüger Carl , Tsay Yi‐Hung , Vogel Emanuel , Wilke Günther
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1891. DOI:10.1002/anie.198218910
ab initio Calculation of Deformation Densities in Porphyrins
Authors: Bénard Marc
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1845. DOI:10.1002/anie.198218450
A Novel Synthesis of Nucleoside Methylphosphonates
Authors: Engels Joachim , Jäger Alfred
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 2010. DOI:10.1002/anie.198220100
The Reaction of (Butadiene)zirconocene and ‐hafnocene with Ethylene
Authors: Erker Gerhard , Engel Klaus , Dorf Ulrich , Atwood Jerry L. , Hunter William E.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1974. DOI:10.1002/anie.198219740
Catalyst Deactivation during Zirconocene‐ and Hafnocene‐Induced Ethylene Dimerization
Authors: Dorf Ulrich , Engel Klaus , Erker Gerhard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1984. DOI:10.1002/anie.198219840
Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene]dicarbonylchromium
Authors: Dötz Karl Heinz , Mühlemeier Jochen
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 2023. DOI:10.1002/anie.198220230
Coordinatively Unsaturated Trinuclear Molybdenum‐Sulfur Cluster Chelates with Dithiophosphinato Bridge
Authors: Keck Helmut , Kuchen Wilhelm , Mathow Jürgen , Wunderlich Hartmut
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1962. DOI:10.1002/anie.198219620
1‐Alkynylamines by Electrophilic Amination
Authors: Boche Gernot , Bernheim Michael , Niessner Manfred
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 34. DOI:10.1002/anie.198300340
2‐Benzyl‐1‐Phosphaazulene
Authors: Märkl Gottfried , Seidl Ernst
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 75. DOI:10.1002/anie.198300750
Thio‐ and Seleno‐Compounds of Main Group Elements—Novel Inorganic Oligomers and Polymers
Authors: Krebs Bernt
Published: December 2003

During the last decade modern preparative and structural methods have led to novel and often unexpected oligomeric and polymeric main group element‐sulfur compounds having remarkable bonding and structural properties and reactivities. Examples of important new developments in this area are: the discovery of boron sulfides B8S16 and (BS2)n and of ion‐conducting air‐stable thioborates with tetrahedrally coordinated boron; the successful use of boron sulfides in organic and inorganic syntheses; the preparation of different homologous series of molecular polynuclear thio‐ and selenoanions of Ga, In, Si, Ge and Sn, and of new polynuclear sulfide‐ and selenide‐halides of Si and Ge as interesting reagents for inorganic and organic reactions; the synthesis of argyrodite(Ag8GeS6)‐like phases with remarkable solid‐state properties; and the characterization of the SH…S type hydrogen bridge in thiocarbonic acid and thiophosphinic acids, which is of importance for an understanding of certain interactions in sulfur‐containing biomolecules.
Generation and Stabilization of Phosphanyl‐ and Arsanylketenes within the Coordination Sphere of Tungsten
Authors: Kreissl Fritz Roland , Wolfgruber Mathias , Sieber Werner , Alt Helmut Guido
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 148. DOI:10.1002/anie.198301480
Reversible Opening of a Thioketene‐Iron Cluster Containing a μ2‐C2, μ2‐S‐Thiocarbonyl Group
Authors: Umland Henning , Edelmann Frank , Wormsbächer Detlev , Behrens Ulrich
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 156. DOI:10.1002/anie.198301560
Some Substituent Effects in the Photocycloaddition of Dihalomaleiimides to Uracils
Authors: Szilágyi Géza , Wamhoff Heinrich
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 120. DOI:10.1002/anie.198301200
Synthesis of [(η5‐C5H5)Rh(PMe3)(η2‐CH2E)] with ES, Se, Te: Thio‐, Seleno‐, and Telluroformaldehyde as Ligands in Mononuclear Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Paul Wilfried , Werner Helmut
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 396. DOI:10.1002/anie.198303960
Equilibria in the Formation of A4B3 Molecules
Authors: Blachnik Roger , Wickel Ulrike
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 405. DOI:10.1002/anie.198304050
A Novel Lead‐Oxygen Structural Group: Pb8O
Authors: Keller Hans‐Lothar
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 427. DOI:10.1002/anie.198304270
Synthesis of C‐α‐ and C‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl Derivatives from O‐(α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl) Trichloroacetimidate
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Hoffmann Michael
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 543. DOI:10.1002/anie.198305430
Twist Conformation of Tetrahydrofuran in the Crystal
Authors: Luger Peter , Buschmann Jürgen
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 537. DOI:10.1002/anie.198305370
Synthesis and Structure of (CO)4W[C(NEt2)PMePh], A Novel Cyclic Carbene Complex
Authors: Fischer Ernst Otto , Reitmeier Rudolf , Ackermann Klaus
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 488. DOI:10.1002/anie.198304880
Phosphorothioate Analogues of Nucleotides—Tools for the Investigation of Biochemical Processes
Authors: Eckstein Fritz
Published: December 2003

Nucleoside phosphorothioates are analogues of nucleotides with a wide range of applications. Thus, on the one hand, in many but not all cases they are more stable against hydrolysis than the unmodified nucleotides—a property which they share with other nucleotide analogues. On the other hand, however, they are good substrates for many, but not all reactions where the nucleotide or the phosphorothioate group is transferred to an acceptor other than H2O. As a consequence, once incorporated into a system such as DNA, phosphorothioates cannot be easily removed.

What makes these compounds unique to a certain extent is the chirality at the phosphorus center if two nonequivalent residues are linked to the phosphorothioate group. This opens the way for the use of these compounds to investigate stereochemical aspects of enzymatic reactions. In addition to these properties, there are those expected from exchange of an oxygen for a sulfur atom in a phosphate group, e.g. the increased affinity towards mercury derivatives and the large chemical shift of the 31P‐NMR sinals.

If one considers how many biologically interesting compounds contain phosphate groups, the considerable interest in these nucleotide analogues is not surprising.
Bond‐Forming Initiation in Spontaneous Addition and Polymerization Reactions of Alkenes
Authors: Hall H. K.
Published: December 2003

Spontaneous addition and polymerization reactions of alkenes of different electron‐densities result in a wide variety of small organic molecules and high polymers. Tetramethylenes are proposed as key intermediates, i.e. resonance hybrids of 1,4‐diradical and zwitterionic limiting structures. Their character is determined by the substituents at the terminals: Zwitterionic character is favored by strong donors, such as alkoxy and dialkylamino groups, at the carbenium center and strong acceptor group such as diesters and cyano‐esters, at the acceptor end, and aryl and vinyl groups as donors. Zwitterionic tetramethylenes initiate ionic homopolymerization, while diradical tetramethylenes initiate alternating copolymerization, thus providing an extremely sensitive technique for the detection and characterization of these intermediates. The effects of the donor and acceptor substituents can be arranged as an “Organic Chemist's Periodic Table”, wherein the areas of mechanistic change clearly emerge and which provides predictive capability.—This unifying concept of bondforming initiation is extended to spontaneous addition and polymerization reactions of heteroatom acceptor molecules and 7,7,8,8‐tetrasubstituted quinodimethanes and of compounds possessing labile σ‐bonds, such as halogens and peroxides. Radical‐ion pairs, charge‐transfer complexes and adventitious impurities are excluded as significant initiators.
Diaminodiphosphenes—Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bonding Properties
Authors: Niecke Edgar , Rüger Reinhold , Lysek Manfred , Pohl Siegfried , Schoeller Wolfgang
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 639. DOI:10.1002/anie.198306390
Through‐Bond Interaction via Strained σ‐Bonds—The Synthesis and PE Spectrum of 1,5‐Dimethyltetracyclo[3.3.0.0 2,8.04,6]octane‐3,7‐dione
Authors: Jähne Gerhard , Gleiter Rolf
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 661. DOI:10.1002/anie.198306610
The Cation Di‐μ‐oxo‐trans‐dioxobis[(1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)molybdenum(V)](Mo—Mo) and its Acid‐Catalyzed cis‐Isomerization
Authors: Wieghardt Karl , Hahn Manfred , Swiridoff Wolfgang , Weiss Johannes
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 583. DOI:10.1002/anie.198305830
Aerial Oxidation of Benzene in the Presence of Electrochemically Generated Cu+ Ions
Authors: Kinoshita Tatsuyuki , Harada Junji , Ito Sotaro , Sasaki Kazuo
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 599. DOI:10.1002/anie.198305990
Metal Complexes of Sulfur Ylides: Coordination Chemsistry, Preparative Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Authors: Weber Lothar
Published: December 2003

In recent years both acyclic and cyclic sulfur ylides have proved to be interesting and versatile ligands in preparative organometallic chemistry. In addition to paralleling the coordination chemistry of their phosphorus analogues, sulfur ylide complexes show specific structural and chemical features; they are becoming more important in preparative inorganic and organic chemistry, and may also be biochemically relevant as methylene transfer agents. Recent studies of the complexes of the ylidic λ4‐thiabenzenes and λ6‐thiabenzene 1‐oxides have frequently demonstrated unexpected and novel reactions, and thereby enriched the chemistry both of ylides and of carbonylmetals.
Quenching of the Aromaticity of the 5‐Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenylium Ion by Complexing with (CO)3Cr
Authors: Ceccon Alberto , Gambaro Alessandro , Romanin Annamaria , Venzo Alfonso
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 734. DOI:10.1002/anie.198307340
[Cl2FeS2MoO(S2)]2−, a Novel Bimetallic Complex with Unusual Electronic Structure and a Substituted Tetrachalcogenometalate as “Ligand”
Authors: Müller Achim , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Bögge Hartmut , Jostes Rainer , Trautwein Alfred , Lauer Uschi
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 747. DOI:10.1002/anie.198307470
Highly Selective Extraction of Uranyl Ions by Acyclic Ligands Containing L‐Phenylalanine Moieties
Authors: Delcanale Maurizio , Marchelli Rosangela , Mangia Alessandro , Dossena Arnaldo , Casnati Giuseppe
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 794. DOI:10.1002/anie.198307940
Holographic Methods for the Investigation of Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Molecules
Authors: Bräuchle Christoph , Burland Donald M.
Published: December 2003

Holography is most frequently thought of as a method of photography that results in three‐dimensional images of the object being photographed. It is certainly true that this is the most visually spectacular aspect. But holography can also be used as a powerful tool for the investigation of a variety of photochemical and photophysical processes. These experimental techniques rely on the fact that small spatial modulations of a material's optical properties (index of refraction and absorption coefficient) can deflect an incident light beam into another direction. By following the growth or decay in intensity of this deflected beam, one can follow the underlying photochemical and photophysical processes producing the changes in optical properties. If a CW laser is used to produce the hologram one can use the technique to investigate solid state photochemistry. If a pulsed laser is used one can investigate a broad range of time dependent processes; energy transfer, diffusion, rotational relaxation, charge transport etc. Compared to conventional spectroscopic techniques the holographic method shows various advantages. So for example it is a highly sensitive zero‐background technique and permits free choice of detection wavelength and detection beam intensity.

As a result of information obtained using the holographic technique as a scientific tool, one can also find new classes of materials for the recording of holograms. This is the way in which two‐photon four‐level systems for hologram recording process gated on and off with an auxiliary source, and can be read with the infrared recording laser with no erasing of the hologram.
The One‐Electron Oxidation of Diazasilacyclopentenes
Authors: Graalmann Onno , Hesse Michael , Klingebiel Uwe , Clegg William , Haase Martin , Sheldrick George M.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 874. DOI:10.1002/anie.198308740
Photocycloaddition of 6‐Cyanouracil to Ketene Diethyl Acetal: Synthesis of a Uracil Derivative Possessing a Cyclobutenone Framework
Authors: Saito Isao , Kubota Fuyuhiko , Shimozono Koji , Matsuura Teruo
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 835. DOI:10.1002/anie.198308350
Synthesis and Reactions of η5‐Cyclopentadienylbis(ethene)cobalt
Authors: Jonas Klaus , Deffense Etienne , Habermann Dietrich
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1005. DOI:10.1002/anie.198310050
Synthesis and Structure Determination of [(PEt3)RhC2B9H10]2− A Binuclear Rhodacarborane Containing Four Bonds Betweeen Two Icosahedra
Authors: Behnken Paul E. , Knobler Carolyn B. , Hawthorne M. Frederick
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 929. DOI:10.1002/anie.198309290
Formation of CC Bonds by Addition of Free Radicals to Alkenes
Authors: Giese Bernd
Published: December 2003

There are many reactions in which CC bonds are formed by addition of free radicals to alkenes. Information about the mechanism is important for the synthesis of specific target molecules. The rate of addition of alkyl radicals to alkenes is controlled by steric and polar effects. The stabilities of the educts and products are of only limited importance, since the transition states for these exothermic reactions occur very early on the reaction coordinate. Variations in reactivity and selectivity can be described using frontier orbital theory: for nucleophilic radicals the dominant interactions are those between SOMO's and LUMO's, and for electrophilic radicals those between SOMO's and HOMO's. The large differences in the steric effects of α ‐ and β‐ substituents of alkenes can be explained by postulating an unsymmetrical transition state— the radical approaches one of the C atoms preferentially. Regioand stereoselectivities can be predicted and are determined, in general, by steric effects.
Raw Materials and Energy: A Challenge for Polymer Research
Authors: Weissermel Klaus , Cherdron Harald
Published: December 2003

The substantial rapid growth of synthetic polymers—plastics, man‐made fibers, films, rubbers, and coatings—which continued unabated over many years, suffered a severe setback for the first time in 1973–1974 followed by another in 1980. A major cause of these reverses was the changed situation with respect to raw materials and energy. For industrial polymer research, in particular, this presents a fresh challenge with considerably changed priorities. The individual ways of meeting this challenge are highlighted and illustrated by examples: the search for alternative raw material sources for monomers; the development of economic methods for production and processing of polymers; the recycling of polymers; and finally the development of new raw material‐saving and energy‐saving technologies based on the use of polymers. In the future, the applications of polymers to new technologies such as communication‐ and information‐systems or biotechnology will join the traditional uses. But the efforts required in research and development to achieve this demand wide‐ranging interdisciplinary cooperation on an even greater scale than hitherto.
Fourier Transform Far‐Infrared (FT‐Far‐IR) Spectroscopy of Silver Atoms and Silver Clusters Entrapped in Zeolite NaY
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A. , Baker Mark D. , Parnis J. Mark
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1075. DOI:10.1002/anie.198310750
New Naturally Occurring Amino Acids
Authors: Wagner Ingrid , Musso Hans
Published: December 2003

The majority of the 500 or so naturally occurring amino acids known today were discovered during the last 30 years, for example during the search for new antibiotics in the culture media of microorganisms, or as components of the antibiotics in fungi, seeds, in numerous plants and fruits, and in the body fluids of animals. Some 240 of these amino acids occur free in nature, some only as intermediates in metabolism. This article provides an overview of the developments that have taken place in this area since 1956 when the last review appeared. Summary accounts are presented, dealing with new unsaturated amino acids, cyclopropane‐ and cyclobutane‐amino acids, heterocyclic amino acids, halogen‐containing amino acids sulfur‐, selenium‐ and phosphorus‐containing amino acids as well as aliphatic amino acids. In a few cases, e. g. betalamic acid and muscaflavin, the biosynthesis is described in detail.
Facile Synthesis of the (±)‐6‐Deoxycarminomycinone from Aloe‐Emodin
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Sarstedt Burkhard
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1267. DOI:10.1002/anie.198312670
Formation of Alkyl Radicals by Thermal Bimolecular Reaction of Alkanes and Alkenes
Authors: Metzger Jürgen O.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1256. DOI:10.1002/anie.198312560
(C6H5)2P2[Cr(CO)5]2, a Diphosphene Complex with Free Phosphorus–Phosphorus Double Bond
Authors: Borm Jutta , Zsolnai Laszlo , Huttner Gottfried
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1477. DOI:10.1002/anie.198314770
Chelation or Non‐Chelation Control in Stereoselective Reactions of Titanium Reagents with Chiral Alkoxycarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. , Kesseler Kurt , Schmidtberger Susi , Wenderoth Bernd , Steinbach Rainer
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1511. DOI:10.1002/anie.198315110
Activity of Coordinated 1,4‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes (dad) in CC Bond Forming Reactions: 1,5‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones from (dad)Fe(CO)3 and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Frühauf Hans‐Werner , Seils Frank , Romao Maria J. , Goddard Richard J.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1435. DOI:10.1002/anie.198314350
The Transformation of Acetylene from a Four‐ to a Two‐Electron Ligand: Acetylene(carbonyl)nitrosyl Complexes of Tungsten
Authors: Alt Helmut G. , Hayen Heidi I.
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1364. DOI:10.1002/anie.198313640
Structural Relationship of [(C6H5)4As]NdCl4·8H2O and NdCl3·6H2O: Transition from a Three‐Dimensional to a Layer Structure
Authors: Urland Werner , Schwanitz‐Schüller Ulrich
Published: December 2003

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 1399. DOI:10.1002/anie.198313990