bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methylated Septin 9 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Serological Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients with Colorectal Cancer After Surgery
Authors: Ma Zhi Yao , Law Wai Lun , Ng Enders Kai On , Chan Cherry Sze Yan , Lau Kam Shing , Cheng Yuen Yee , Shin Vivian Yvonne , Kwong Ava , Leung Wai K.
Published: July 2019

With the increasing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC), early and accurate diagnosis is of paramount priority to combat this cancer. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation are innovative biomarkers for CRC, due to their stability, frequency, and accessibility in bodily fluids. In this study, blood samples were prospectively collected from patients before and after operation for CRC for determination of methylated septin 9 (mSEPT9) and compared to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The sensitivity of using mSEPT9 methylation status for diagnosing CRC was significantly higher than using elevated CEA levels (73.2% vs 48.2%; p value < 0.001). The sensitivities of both tests increased with higher tumor staging (P = 0.004 and 0.04 respectively). Combined mSEPT9 and CEA had higher accuracy than single CEA or mSEPT9 (P = 0.009 and 0.532 separately). An increase in the methylation level of mSEPT9 detected in the post-operative samples was associated with a higher mortality rate (15.2% vs 1.8%; P = 0.024) and the presence of metastasis (27.3% vs 7.0%; P = 0.013). mSEPT9 was more sensitive than CEA for diagnosing CRC, and combined mSEPT9 and CEA was more accurate. After curative resection, detection of increased mSEPT9 methylation level may indicate adverse outcomes.
Gradient metal nanoislands as a unified surface enhanced Raman scattering and surface enhanced infrared absorption platform for analytics
Authors: Gkogkou Dimitra , Shaykhutdinov Timur , Kratz Christoph , Oates Thomas W. H. , Hildebrandt Peter , Weidinger Inez M. , Ly Khoa Hoang , Esser Norbert , Hinrichs Karsten
Published: July 2019

A metal nanoisland layer with varying plasmonic responses offers surface enhanced Raman scattering and infrared absorption optimal sites on a single surface.
Silica particles with a quercetin–R5 peptide conjugate are taken up into HT-29 cells and translocate into the nucleus
Authors: Del Favero Giorgia , Bialas Friedrich , Grabher Stephanie , Wittig Anja , Bräuer Birgit , Gerthsen Dagmar , Echalier Cécile , Kamalov Meder , Marko Doris , Becker Christian F. W.
Published: July 2019

Particles generated by biomimetic silica precipitation with a quercetin–R5 peptide enter the nucleus of HT-29 cells without inducing toxicity.
Synthesis and reactivity of asymmetric Cr(i) dinitrogen complexes supported by cyclopentadienyl–phosphine ligands
Authors: Li Jiapeng , Yin Jianhao , Wang Gao-Xiang , Yin Zhu-Bao , Zhang Wen-Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: July 2019

Trinuclear and dinuclear Cr(i) dinitrogen complexes and mixed-valence dinuclear Cr–N2 complex, with novel asymmetric N2 coordination modes, are realized.
BSA stabilized tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals as aggregation-induced enhanced electrochemiluminescence emitters for ultrasensitive microRNA assay
Authors: Liu Jia-Li , Zhuo Ying , Chai Ya-Qin , Yuan Ruo
Published: July 2019

An ultrasensitive ECL biosensing platform was constructed based on BSA stabilized tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals to achieve microRNA detection in cancer cells.
Droplet microfluidics: from proof-of-concept to real-world utility?
Authors: Suea-Ngam Akkapol , Howes Philip D. , Srisa-Art Monpichar , deMello Andrew J.
Published: July 2019

Droplet microfluidics constitutes a diverse and practical tool set that enables chemical and biological experiments to be performed at high speed and with enhanced efficiency when compared to conventional instrumentation.
On the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes by a cubane-type Mo3S4 cluster hydride: disentangling the nature of the reaction mechanism
Authors: Safont Vicent S. , Sorribes Iván , Andrés Juan , Llusar Rosa , Oliva Mónica , Ryzhikov Maxim R.
Published: July 2019

Transfer hydrogenation cluster catalysis operates through a panoply of cycles, according to DFT calculations, affording a highly efficient catalyst.
Combining Meyer–Miller Hamiltonian with electronic structure methods for on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations: implementation and application
Authors: Tang Diandong , Fang Wei-Hai , Shen Lin , Cui Ganglong
Published: July 2019

The MM/SQC method combined with electronic structure calculations at the level of OM2/MRCI and on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
Positive shift in corrole redox potentials leveraged by modest β-CF3-substitution helps achieve efficient photocatalytic C–H bond functionalization by group 13 complexes
Authors: Zhan Xuan , Yadav Pinky , Diskin-Posner Yael , Fridman Natalia , Sundararajan Mahesh , Ullah Zakir , Chen Qiu-Cheng , Shimon Linda J. W. , Mahammed Atif , Churchill David G. , Baik Mu-Hyun , Gross Zeev
Published: July 2019

Tris- and tetrakis-β-trifluoromethylated gallium (3CF3-Ga,4CF3-Ga) and aluminum (3CF3-Al,4CF3-Al) corrole systems were synthesized by a facile “one-pot” approach and studied in the context of photocatalytic C–H bond activation.
Amino-silane-grafted NH2-MIL-53(Al)/polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Ahmadijokani Farhad , Ahmadipouya Salman , Molavi Hossein , Arjmand Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are promising candidates for carbon dioxide separation.
Eurotium cristatum, a potential probiotic fungus from Fuzhuan brick tea, alleviated obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Kang Dingding , Su Meng , Duan Yanwen , Huang Yong
Published: July 2019

Eurotium cristatumfrom Fuzhuan brick tea may be utilized as a potential probiotic fungus against high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota.
Cascade bio-hydroxylation and dehalogenation for one-pot enantioselective synthesis of optically active β-halohydrins from halohydrocarbons
Authors: Cui Hai-Bo , Xie Ling-Zhi , Wan Nan-Wei , He Qing , Li Zhi , Chen Yong-Zheng
Published: July 2019

A stereoselective hydroxylation and enantioselective dehalogenation cascade reaction was developed for the synthesis of optically active β-haloalcohols from halohydrocarbons.
Inherently self-sterilizing charged multiblock polymers that kill drug-resistant microbes in minutes
Authors: Peddinti Bharadwaja S. T. , Scholle Frank , Vargas Mariana G. , Smith Steven D. , Ghiladi Reza A. , Spontak Richard J.
Published: July 2019

To combat the growing global healthcare threat from drug-resistant pathogens, we demonstrate that midblock-sulfonated block polymers can kill 99.9999% of “superbugs,” including bacteria and viruses, in just 5 minutes due to an abrupt pH reduction.
One-step synthesis of Fe–Au core–shell magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles driven by interface energy minimization
Authors: Tymoczko Anna , Kamp Marius , Rehbock Christoph , Kienle Lorenz , Cattaruzza Elti , Barcikowski Stephan , Amendola Vincenzo
Published: July 2019

The formation of core–shell (CS) nanoparticles (NPS) often requires complex procedures. Due to minimization of interface energy, we show that colloidal Fe–Au CS NPs are obtained in one step, by laser ablation of bimetallic thin films in liquid.
Theoretical investigations of the substituent effect on the electronic and charge transport properties of butterfly molecules
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan
Published: July 2019

Introducing different substituents into the pyrene core leads to different crystal packing motifs, and the charge carrier mobility can be effectively modulated by the introduction of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups.
Microlens array enhanced upconversion luminescence at low excitation irradiance
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Liu Haichun , Li Deyang , Qiao Wen , Chen Guanying , Ågren Hans
Published: July 2019

Microlens arrays are applied as spatial light modulators to manipulate the distribution of excitation light fields in order to overcome the high excitation-intensity threshold of upconversion nanoparticles, taking advantage of their nonlinear response to excitation irradiance.
Recent progress in black phosphorus and black-phosphorus-analogue materials: properties, synthesis and applications
Authors: Xu Yijun , Shi Zhe , Shi Xinyao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Han
Published: July 2019

BP and BP-analogue materials: their structure and main applications.
The optical properties of Cs4PbBr6–CsPbBr3 perovskite composites
Authors: Gan Zhixing , Zheng Fei , Mao Wenxin , Zhou Chunhua , Chen Weijian , Bach Udo , Tapping Patrick , Kee Tak W. , Davis Jeffrey A. , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming
Published: July 2019

The green fluorescence of CsPbBr3–Cs4PbBr6 perovskite composites is ascribed to the emissions of band-edge and the defect trapped exciton of CsPbBr3.
Effects of charge balance and hydrophobicity of the surface of cytochrome c on the distribution behaviour in an ionic liquid/buffer biphasic system
Authors: Ikeda Kazuma , Fujita Kyoko , Ohno Hiroyuki , Nakamura Nobuhumi
Published: July 2019

Surface charge and hydrophobicity affected the distribution behavior of chemically modified cytochrome c in the ionic liquid/buffer biphasic system.
On-site visual discrimination of transgenic food by water-soluble DNA-binding AIEgens
Authors: Jiao Zhe , Guo Zongning , Huang Xuelin , Fan Hongbo , Zhao Miao , Zhou Dianming , Ruan Xiaolei , Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Sixing , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Development of affordable, simple and effective methods for rapid on-site identification of genetically modified organisms (GMO) is urgent due to public concern for transgenic food.
Platinum(ii)-catalyzed dehydrative C3-benzylation of electron-deficient indoles with benzyl alcohols
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Matsuura Yuuki , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao
Published: July 2019

A synthetic strategy for the water-promoted direct dehydrative coupling of indoles with benzyl alcohols catalyzed by PtCl2(PhCN)2 in 1,2-dichloroethane has been developed.
Studies on the thermal behavior and safety of a novel thermostable explosive BPTAP
Authors: Yang Fang , Chen Ya , Zhao Chuande , Zhang Long
Published: July 2019

The thermal behavior and safety of the novel thermostable explosive BPTAP were evaluated for the first time.
Single-step synthesis of eucalyptus sawdust magnetic activated carbon and its adsorption behavior for methylene blue
Authors: Chen Congjin , Mi Shuai , Lao Dongmei , Shi Panpan , Tong Zhangfa , Li Zhixia , Hu Huayu
Published: July 2019

Eucalyptus wood-based magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was prepared by single-step carbonization activation magnetization with FeCl3 and utilized for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB).
Palladium catalysed carbonylation of 2-iodoglycals for the synthesis of C-2 carboxylic acids and aldehydes taking formic acid as a carbonyl source
Authors: Ahmed Ajaz , Hussain Nazar , Bhardwaj Monika , Chhalodia Anuj Kumar , Kumar Amit , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: July 2019

Pd catalyzed carbonylative reaction of 2-iodo-glycals has been developed taking formic acid as a carbonyl source for the synthesis of 2-carboxylic acids of sugars by the hydroxycarbonylation strategy.
All solid state rechargeable aluminum–air battery with deep eutectic solvent based electrolyte and suppression of byproducts formation
Authors: Mori Ryohei
Published: July 2019

In order to create a rechargeable aluminum (Al)–air battery, an aluminum–air battery with a deep eutectic solvent-based solid electrolyte was prepared.
In situ monitoring of plasmon-driven photocatalytic reactions at gas–liquid–solid three-phase interfaces by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Yukun , Yang Nan , Lu Sichen , You Tingting , Yin Penggang
Published: July 2019

Plasmon-driven photocatalytic reaction is monitored at the gas-liquid-solid interface by using superhydrophobic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates.
Serum miRNAs are differentially altered by ethanol and caffeine consumption in rats
Authors: Martinez M. , Rossetto I. M. U. , Arantes R. M. S. , Lizarte F. S. N. , Tirapelli L. F. , Tirapelli D. P. C. , Chuffa L. G. A. , Martinez F. E.
Published: July 2019

Alcoholism is a multifactorial disease with high risk for dependence determined by genetic background, environmental factors and neuroadaptations. The excessive consumption of this substance is related to psychiatric problems, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis and cancers. Caffeine is one of the most popular psychostimulants currently consumed in the world. The combination of ethanol and caffeine ingested by consuming “energy drinks” is becoming increasingly popular among young people. We analyzed the effect of simultaneous consumption of ethanol and caffeine on the serum profile of miRNAs differentially expressed in the ethanol-drinking rat model (UChB strain). Adult rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 per group): UChB group (rats fed with 1 : 10 (v/v) ethanol ad libitum); UChB + caffeine group (rats fed with 1 : 10 (v/v) ethanol ad libitum + 3 g L−1 of caffeine); control group (rats drinking water used as the control for UChB). The treatment with caffeine occurred from day 95 to 150 days old, totalizing 55 days of ethanol + caffeine ingestion. The expressions of microRNAs (miR) -9-3p, -15b-5p, -16-5p, -21-5p, -200a-3p and -222-3p were detected by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR). The expressions of miR-9-3p, -15b-5p, -16-5p and -222-3p were upregulated in the UChB group. Conversely, simultaneous ingestion of ethanol and caffeine significantly reversed these expressions to similar levels to control animals, thus emphasizing that caffeine had a protective effect in the presence of ethanol. In addition, miR-21-5p was downregulated with ethanol consumption whereas miR-222-3p was unchanged. Ethanol and caffeine consumption was capable of altering serum miRNAs, which are potential biomarkers for the systemic effects of these addictive substances.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3, subunit C silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Wen Fang , Wu Zhang-Ying , Nie Lei , Zhang Qi-Zhu , Qin Yuan-Kun , Zhou Zun-lun , Wu Jin-Jian , Zhao Xing , Tan Jun , Sawmiller Darrell , Zi Dan
Published: July 2019

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death among all gynaecological cancers, illustrating the urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3c (EIF3c) plays an important role in protein translation and cancer cell growth and proliferation, but its role in human ovarian cancer is unclear. Our results showed that EIF3c silencing significantly up-regulated 217 and down-regulated 340 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicated that the top differentially expressed genes are involved in ‘Classical Pathways’, ‘Diseases and Functions’ and ‘Networks’, especially those involved in signalling and cellular growth and proliferation. In addition, eIF3c silencing inhibited cellular proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and regulated the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. In conclusion, these results indicate that by dysregulating translational initiation, eIF3c plays an important role in the proliferation and survival of human ovarian cancer cells. These results should provide experimental directions for further in-depth studies on important human ovarian cancer cell pathways.
Adaptive innate immunity or innate adaptive immunity?
Authors: Černý Jan , Stříž Ilja
Published: July 2019

The innate immunity is frequently accepted as a first line of relatively primitive defense interfering with the pathogen invasion until the mechanisms of ‘privileged’ adaptive immunity with the production of antibodies and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes ‘steal the show’. Recent advancements on the molecular and cellular levels have shaken the traditional view of adaptive and innate immunity. The innate immune memory or ‘trained immunity’ based on metabolic changes and epigenetic reprogramming is a complementary process insuring adaptation of host defense to previous infections.

Innate immune cells are able to recognize large number of pathogen- or danger- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) to behave in a highly specific manner and regulate adaptive immune responses. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3) and NK cells express transcription factors and cytokines related to subsets of T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17). On the other hand, T and B lymphocytes exhibit functional properties traditionally attributed to innate immunity such as phagocytosis or production of tissue remodeling growth factors. They are also able to benefit from the information provided by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), e.g. γδT lymphocytes use T-cell receptor (TCR) in a manner close to PRR recognition. Innate B cells represent another example of limited combinational diversity usage participating in various innate responses. In the view of current knowledge, the traditional black and white classification of immune mechanisms as either innate or an adaptive needs to be adjusted and many shades of gray need to be included.
Endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes facilitate vascular endothelial cell repair through shuttling miR-21-5p to modulate Thrombospondin-1 expression
Authors: Hu Hui , Wang Boshi , Jiang Chunyu , Li Ruiting , Zhao Jungong
Published: July 2019

Background: Our previous studies observed that administration of exosomes from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) facilitated vascular repair in the rat model of balloon injury. However, the molecular events underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we aim to interrogate the key miRNAs within EPC-derived exosomes (EPC-exosomes) responsible for the activation of endothelial cell (EC) repair. Methods: The efficacy of EPC-exosomes in re-endothelialization was examined by Evans Blue dye and histological examination in the rat model of balloon-induced carotid artery injury. The effects of EPC-exosomes on human vascular EC (HUVEC) were also studied by evaluating the effects on growth, migratory and tube formation. To dissect the underlying mechanism, RNA-sequencing assays were performed to determine miRNA abundance in exosomes and mRNA profiles in exosome-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, in vitro loss of function assays identified an exosomal miRNA and its target gene in EC, which engaged in EPC-exosomes-induced EC repair. Results: Administration of EPC-exosomes potentiated re-endothelialization in the early phase after endothelial damage in the rat carotid artery. The uptake of exogenous EPC-exosomes intensified HUVEC in proliferation rate, migration and tube-forming ability. Integrative analyses of miRNA–mRNA interactions revealed that miR-21-5p was highly enriched in EPC-exosomes and specifically suppressed the expression of an angiogenesis inhibitor Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in the recipient EC. The following functional studies demonstrated a fundamental role of miR-21-5p in the pro-angiogenic activities of EPC-exosomes. Conclusions: The present work highlights a critical event for the regulation of EC behavior by EPC-exosomes, which EPC-exosomes may deliver miR-21-5p and inhibit THBS1 expression to promote EC repair.
Influence of the reaction time on the physical–chemical and catalytic properties of vanadium phosphate catalysts prepared by a eutectic mixture
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fang Weiguo , Li Qian
Published: July 2019

Vanadium phosphate (VPO) materials with high specific surface area prepared via a eutectic mixture as solvent and template with different lengths of time, i.e. 24, 72 and 144 h, were investigated in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The X‐ray diffraction result indicated the initial VPO precursor was an amorphous phase due to the stronger incorporation of eutectic mixture. On subsequent reflux duration of 72 h, the precursor was composed of a crystallised VOHPO4 ·H2 O phase. On further reflux duration of 144 h, the incorporated eutectic mixture gradually was leached out and the precursor became more crystalline. Interestingly the N2 adsorption–desorption measurements Brunauer–Emmett–Teller studies showed that the VPO precursor incorporated eutectic mixture was mesostructured and the specific surface area first increased then decreased with increasing the reflux duration time. The growth process of the VPO nanostructures formed in a eutectic mixture with different lengths of time was investigated by scanning electron microscopic analysis. The influence of calcination temperature and lengths of reflux duration on the activity and selectivity of the VPO catalyst was studied and discussed.
Radiative and mechanical feedback into the molecular gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Lee M.-Y. , Madden S. C. , Le Petit F. , Gusdorf A. , Lesaffre P. , Wu R. , Lebouteiller V. , Galliano F. , Chevance M.
Published: July 2019

With an aim of probing the physical conditions and excitation mechanisms of warm molecular gas in individual star-forming regions, we performed Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) observations of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In our FTS observations, important far-infrared (FIR) cooling lines in the interstellar medium, including CO J = 4–3 to J = 13–12, [C I] 370 μm, and [N II] 205 μm, were clearly detected. In combination with ground-based CO J = 1–0 and J = 3–2 data, we then constructed CO spectral line energy distributions (SLEDs) on ~10 pc scales over a ~60 pc × 60 pc area and found that the shape of the observed CO SLEDs considerably changes across 30 Doradus. For example, the peak transition Jp varies from J = 6–5 to J = 10–9, while the slope characterized by the high-to-intermediate J ratio α ranges from ~0.4 to ~1.8. To examine the source(s) of these variations in CO transitions, we analyzed the CO observations, along with [C II] 158 μm, [C I] 370 μm, [O I] 145 μm, H2 0–0 S(3), and FIR luminosity data, using state-of-the-art models of photodissociation regions and shocks. Our detailed modeling showed that the observed CO emission likely originates from highly compressed (thermal pressure P∕kB ~ 107–109 K cm−3) clumps on ~0.7–2 pc scales, which could be produced by either ultraviolet (UV) photons (UV radiation field GUV ~ 103–105 Mathis fields) or low-velocity C-type shocks (pre-shock medium density npre ~ 104–106 cm−3 and shock velocity vs ~ 5–10 km s−1). Considering the stellar content in 30 Doradus, however, we tentatively excluded the stellar origin of CO excitation and concluded that low-velocity shocks driven by kiloparsec-scale processes (e.g., interaction between the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds) are likely the dominant source of heating for CO. The shocked CO-bright medium was then found to be warm (temperature T ~ 100–500 K) and surrounded by a UV-regulated low-pressure component (P∕kB ~ a few (104 –105) K cm−3) that is bright in [C II] 158 μm, [C I] 370 μm, [O I] 145 μm, and FIR dust continuum emission.
Évaluation du niveau d’aisance d’étudiants en pharmacie face à la validation des ordonnances. Intérêt d’un dispositif didactique contextualisé
Authors: Lambert de Cursay Claire , Lebel Denis , Bussières Jean-François
Published: July 2019

Contexte : Exercer une profession dans le domaine de la santé s’accompagne de la nécessité de respecter les exigences législatives et les standards de pratique tout en ayant la capacité de faire des choix. Ces choix reposent notamment sur la sélection de traitements et de modes d’intervention. Buts : L’objectif principal est d’évaluer la perception du niveau d’aisance d’étudiants en pharmacie exposés à un dispositif didactique contextualisé portant sur la validation d’ordonnances d’un nouveau médicament. L’objectif secondaire est d’évaluer les perceptions des étudiants en ce qui concerne leur formation entourant la prise de décision. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive transversale. L’étude cible une population d’étudiants en pharmacie dans le cadre d’un cours de 3e année au doctorat professionnel en pharmacie, à la Faculté de pharmacie de l’Université de Montréal. Il n’existe pas de groupe contrôle. La première partie porte sur un dispositif didactique contextualisé de 10 étapes. La deuxième partie est un questionnaire en ligne. Cette étude a été réalisée à partir d’un outil en ligne (SurveyMonkey, Palo Alto (CA), USA). Résultats : Un total de 176 répondants a fourni des réponses complètes et exploitables (taux de participation : 95 %). Le dispositif didactique contextualisé permet de sensibiliser les participants au fait qu’ils doivent prendre des décisions raisonnables (p.ex. choisir ou non de valider une ordonnance). Conclusion : Cette étude illustre la faisabilité de réaliser un dispositif didactique contextualisé portant sur l’analyse et la dispensation d’un nouveau médicament. Les données recueillies mettent en évidence la capacité de faire varier le niveau d’aisance à réaliser différentes actions à partir d’éléments d’information. Une majorité des répondants se dit assez formée pour évaluer l’efficacité d’un médicament, sa sécurité et la conformité aux règles mais beaucoup moins pour évaluer le coût d’un médicament. Il apparaît utile d’envisager davantage de formation sur la prise de décision incluant le coût en pharmacie.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms
Authors: Demir Ihsan Ekin , Schlag Christoph , Abbassi Rami , Algül Hana , Braren Rickmer , Ceyhan Güralp O.
Published: July 2019

Das Pankreaskarzinom weist eine weltweit steigende Inzidenz auf, wobei die Gründe hierfür bis dato nicht bekannt sind. Die NCCN-Leitlinie von 2017 empfiehlt zur Diagnose und Beurteilung der Resektabilität des pankreatischen duktalen Adenokarzinoms (PDAC) die Computertomografie (CT) als primäre Bildgebung. Bei fehlendem Nachweis und Verdacht eines Tumors wird die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) zur Abklärung kleiner Tumoren sowie zur Diagnostik einer eventuellen Lebermetastasierung empfohlen. Durch den Einsatz von neoadjuvanten Chemotherapieregimes konnte die Anzahl der insgesamt resezierbaren Tumoren deutlich gesteigert und somit auch die Prognose dramatisch verbessert werden. Inzwischen sind neue Therapiekonzepte etabliert, die zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Prognose beim inoperablen Pankreaskarzinom in der palliativen Situation geführt haben. Im Rahmen der Erkrankung mit einem Pankreaskarzinom kann es zu einer Verlegung der Gallenwege und konsekutiv zu Cholestase und Cholangitis kommen. In einem solchen Fall sollte, sofern möglich, der Galleabfluss wiederhergestellt werden. Eine adäquate Therapieoption stellt hierbei die Durchführung einer ERCP mit Stentanlage dar. Auch bei Obstruktion des Duodenums ist eine endoskopische Stentanlage zur Wiederherstellung der Passage eine Option.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Glyoxylates: Access to Optically Active Substituted Mandelic Acid Esters
Authors: Chen Diao , Liu Jian-Guo , Zhang Xu , Xu Ming-Hua
Published: July 2019

A rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of glyoxylates to arylboronic acids promoted by a simple chiral sulfinamide-based olefin ligand under mild reaction conditions is described. The reaction provides access to a variety of optically active substituted mandelic acid esters in good yields with up to 83% ee. The catalytic system is also applicable to pyruvate addition. The synthetic utility of this method is highlighted by a formal synthesis of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel.
Preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes May Help Predict Discharge Disposition after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Karia Raj , Novikov David , Gotlin Matthew , Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Slover James D.
Published: July 2019

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are measures that allow for a standardized assessment of a patient's functional status, symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) through self-reported questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between PRO scores, which measure patients' preoperative pain and functional status, and discharge disposition in the total hip arthroplasty (THA) population. The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis who underwent THA at a single, urban, tertiary care center between September 2013 and August 2016. Patient demographics and preoperative PRO scores (Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS] and EuroQol 5-Dimension [EQ-5D] questionnaire) were collected, and discharge disposition was categorized into the following two cohorts: THA recipients discharged to home and those discharged to a postacute care facility. When comparing PRO scores between the two groups, patients discharged home were found to have significantly higher average preoperative global EQ-5D, EQ-5D-QoL, HOOS activities of daily living (ADL), HOOS pain, HOOS sports, and HOOS symptoms scores. Patients discharged home trended toward higher HOOS QoL scores (28.1 vs. 22.6%), but this did not achieve significance (p < 0.08). The authors found a significant relationship between patients' baseline PRO scores and discharge disposition following THA. Patients discharged home had significantly higher preoperative PRO scores as measured by EQ-5D and HOOS. This demonstrates that patients with lower baseline PRO scores, indicating lower baseline function, may require additional care following surgery. These scores provide surgeons with an objective parameter that can assist in the planning and coordination of postoperative care. This study was a level III retrospective cohort.
Ellipsoidal BGK model near a global Maxwellian in the whole space
Authors: Hwang Byung-Hoon , Yun Seok-Bae
Published: July 2019

Ellipsoidal BGK model (ES-BGfK model) is a model equation for the Boltzmann equation designed to give correct a Prandtl number in the Navier-Stokes limit. In this paper, we consider the existence of classical solutions and their asymptotic behavior for the ellipsoidal BGK model in the whole space when the initial data is a small perturbation of a global Maxwellian.
Air gap membrane distillation: A review
Authors: Shahu Vandita T. , Thombre S. B.
Published: July 2019

Membrane distillation provides a feasible and optimal solution to potable water issues. The literature contains a number of studies and research studies that aim to understand the behavior of membrane distillation systems and to provide the best possible solutions under different conditions. The purpose of this article is to discuss the air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) specifically and its development to date. The areas for future research in the field of AGMD are suggested. Membranes used in AGMD were discussed, including nanocomposite membranes and graphene membranes. In addition, the long-term performance issues regarding membrane fouling and scaling and the ways to prevent and to reduce them were discussed. Performance parameters that have not been explored sufficiently, such as energy efficiency and performance ratio, are discussed. Evolution of new membrane distillation processes from AGMD, such as the material gap and permeate gap, and conductive gap membrane distillation, is discussed. A generalized theoretical model for heat and mass transfer is presented for air gap membrane distillation systems. Coupling AGMD to form a hybrid combination with renewable energy sources is considered as a good answer to energy specific issues. Hybrid renewable energy systems with AGMD are discussed in detail. Novel designs for coupling AGMD systems with different forms of renewable energies are suggested, which presents an excellent area to be considered for developing advanced hybrid AGMD systems. It is suggested that future research should include economic studies, long-run system performance, operational problems and maintainance requirements, and related issues for better understanding and better acceptance of AGMD systems for industrialization.
Servo X-Y biaxial feed system of flux switching permanent magnet linear motor
Authors: Liang Jintao , Ming Zhengfeng
Published: July 2019

As both magnets and coils are arranged in the motor primary, a short primary long secondary flux switching permanent magnet linear motor (FSPMLM) is favorable to construct a feed system, especially for long distance, multi-axis applications. A novel FSPMLM with a complementary primary module and end-PM topology is proposed to directly drive a biaxial feed system, and the whole structure is presented. To consider the influence of temperature raise on motor performance, magnetic-thermal coupling finite element analysis is employed, and then, the motor dimensions are optimized by the response surface method. With the same 500 N rated force and 1.5 m/s rated speed of the two FSPMLMs, the biaxial prototype is fabricated. Considering the two-axis synchronization, the control system is constructed by using a commercial motion controller and servo drivers. Monoaxial and biaxial feeding experiments are carried out simultaneously. Both X and Y axes exhibit sufficient force capability for well dynamic response, and the positioning error is less than 0.14 mm. Biaxial diamond and circular trajectories are conducted, and the contour errors are less than 0.88 mm. It can be seen that the proposed FSPMLM feed system is featured with favorable performance and competitiveness for applying in various industrial applications.
Re-orientation of water molecules in response to surface charge at surfactant interfaces
Authors: Dutta Chayan , Mammetkuliyev Muhammet , Benderskii Alexander V.
Published: July 2019

We present a measurement of molecular orientation of water at charged surfactant aqueous interfaces as a function of surface charge density. The polarization dependent spectral line shapes of the water bend mode were measured by vibrational sum-frequency generation at the positively charged surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/water interface and negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate/water interface. Orientational analysis using the water bend mode as a vibrational probe, within the electric dipole approximation, reveals structural differences between these surfaces and quantifies how different hydrogen bonded species re-orient around the surfactant head groups as the surface charge density changes. As the concentration of the positively charged surfactant (CTAB) increases, the surface water molecules with free-OH groups reorient their hydrogen away from the bulk water and the C2v axis closer to the surface normal. This suggests that these free-OH molecules are in general located above the positively charged head groups of CTAB, and thus, the charge-dipole interaction pulls their oxygen “down” and pushes hydrogen “up.” On the contrary, water molecules with two donor hydrogen bonds re-orient their hydrogen toward the bulk water, likely because most of these molecules are below the CTAB surfactant head groups.
Reactive intercalation and oxidation at the buried graphene-germanium interface
Authors: Braeuninger-Weimer Philipp , Burton Oliver , Weatherup Robert S. , Wang Ruizhi , Dudin Pavel , Brennan Barry , Pollard Andrew J. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Veigang-Radulescu Vlad P. , Meyer Jannik C. , Murdoch Billy J. , Cumpson Peter J. , Hofmann Stephan
Published: July 2019

We explore a number of different electrochemical, wet chemical, and gas phase approaches to study intercalation and oxidation at the buried graphene-Ge interface. While the previous literature focused on the passivation of the Ge surface by chemical vapor deposited graphene, we show that particularly via electrochemical intercalation in a 0.25 N solution of anhydrous sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid, this passivation can be overcome to grow GeO2 under graphene. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, He ion microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry show that the monolayer graphene remains undamaged and its intrinsic strain is released by the interface oxidation. Graphene acts as a protection layer for the as-grown Ge oxide, and we discuss how these insights can be utilized for new processing approaches.
Absorption spectra and electric field distributions of butterfly wing scale models coated with a metal film studied by finite-difference time-domain method
Authors: Raksrithong Pawin , Locharoenrat Kitsakorn
Published: July 2019

Inspired by alternative hybrid-biophotonic structures and modern computational electromagnetics in plasmonics, herein, we attempted to understand the plasmonic properties of a metal film (gold or palladium) on the surface features of butterfly wing scales, as they might represent the dominant features of structure-enhanced and/or structure-attenuated optical properties. Light-harvesting plasmonic antenna was loaded on these natural substrates. We examined the plasmonic properties of three models representing the scales of three lepidoptera species. Each scale model was assumed to have a 100 nm metal coating. In addition to the electron micrograph of the lepidopterans’ wings, the optical properties of the investigated structures were numerically studied using the finite-difference time-domain technique. We first constructed the biophotonic models of butterfly structures coated with a metal film, and then they were verified by scanning electron microscopy images using Lumerical Software, which provided an accurate solution of Maxwell’s equation for the micro/nanostructures. The metal samples were palladium or gold, while the investigated scales of butterfly species were Catopsilia pomona, Danaus genutia, and Cetbosia pentbesilea. Electric field and absorption spectra were observed under broadband light irradiations at perpendicular- and parallel-polarized light illuminations. As a result of the formation of variations of metals on the different features of wing scales, we observed changes in the absorption intensities and a redshift in the main peak absorbance. The spectra further showed a close relationship with the electric field distribution. A metal film coated on the butterfly wing scales acted as an optical plasmonic sensitivity to amplify and attenuate the visible light, whereas the existence of wave propagating modes from the well-defined structural variations resulted in a reduction and enhancement of the bandwidth of absorbance. Among the three simulation models, the Cetbosia pentbesilea scale model coated with a gold film demonstrated the best plasmonic properties to the electric field, in terms of its potential application for further biophotonic structure fabrication.
Aging continuous time random walks in fluids
Authors: Li Guo-hua , Zhang Hong , Zhang Bao
Published: July 2019

The subject of aging continuous time random walks (CTRWs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. To describe the aging behaviors of random particles whose jumps are biased by a nonhomogeneous velocity field, we propose herein a generalized scheme of aging CTRWs in flows and obtain the corresponding generalized master equation in Fourier–Laplace space for probability density functions. Moreover, we derive the generalized aging advection diffusion equation for particles with a power law waiting time and Gaussian jump length densities, investigate the corresponding ensemble and time mean square displacements, and show how anomalous diffusion depends on the age of the process and on the moving fluids.
TCR–pMHC kinetics under force in a cell-free system show no intrinsic catch bond, but a minimal encounter duration before binding
Authors: Limozin Laurent , Bridge Marcus , Bongrand Pierre , Dushek Omer , van der Merwe Philip Anton , Robert Philippe
Published: July 2019

Significance

T lymphocytes use their T cell receptors (TCRs) to discriminate between similar peptide-MHC (pMHC) antigens. The mechanisms employed to achieve this discrimination are debated. The TCR–pMHC interaction is subjected to forces, and recent work in live T cells has suggested that force paradoxically increases TCR–pMHC bond lifetimes for activating peptides, forming so-called “catch bonds,” facilitating discrimination from nonactivating peptides. A question is whether this behavior is intrinsic to the TCR–pMHC bond or a cellular response. We measured TCR–pMHC lifetimes under force in a cell-free system: lifetimes correlated well with activation potency of the TCR–pMHC bonds, while no catch bonds were observed. However, a minimum encounter duration is necessary for bond formation, which could increase specificity.
The Hard Problem of Theory Choice: A Case Study on Causal Inference and Its Faithfulness Assumption
Authors: Lin Hanti
Published: July 2019

The problem of theory choice and model selection is hard but still important when useful truths are underdetermined, perhaps not by all kinds of data but by the kinds of data we can have access to ethically or practicably—even if we have an infinity of such data. This article addresses a crucial instance of that problem: the problem of inferring causal structures from nonexperimental, nontemporal data without assuming the so-called causal Faithfulness condition or the like. A new account of epistemic evaluation is developed to solve that problem and justify a standard practice of causal inference in data science.
Solving the one-dimensional Ising chain via mathematical induction: an intuitive approach to the transfer matrix
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Díaz-Méndez Rogelio , Capdevila Raudys
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work is to present a formulation to solve the one-dimensional Ising model using the elementary technique of mathematical induction. This formulation is physically clear and leads to the same partition function form as the transfer matrix method, which is a common subject in the introductory courses of statistical mechanics. In this way our formulation is a useful tool to complement the traditional more abstract transfer matrix method. The method can be straightforwardly generalised to other short-range chains, coupled chains and is also computationally friendly. These two approaches provide a more complete understanding of the system, and therefore our work can be of broad interest for undergraduate teaching in statistical mechanics.
Measurement and prediction of granite damage evolution in deep mine seams using acoustic emission
Authors: Du Sunwen , Feng Guorui , Li Zhixong , Sarkodie-Gyan Thompson , Wang Jianmin , Ma Zhenjun , Li Weihua
Published: July 2019

With unceasing increase of mining depth and development intensity, mining disasters such as rock burst have been increasing frequently, which often result in catastrophic accidents. Therefore, it is imperative to accurately forecast underground disasters. Previous research has suggested that the combination of drill-hole pressure relief and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring serves as an effective measure method towards the forecasting and prevention of disastrous accidents. However, the AE evolution mechanism of underground rock damages remains a challenge; more specifically, the relationships among the drilling hole positions, depths and diameters, and the stress–strain and AE characteristics of the rocks are discussed little in the literature. In order to bridge this research gap, the particle flow code (PFC2D) is employed to systemically investigate the hidden patterns among the mechanical properties, AE and damage evolution of the rock mass with different positions, depths and diameters of the drilling holes. Analysis results demonstrate that the drilling position influences the rock stress–strain and AE characteristics in the plastic deformation stage and the residual stage while the hole depth affects the drilling process. More specifically, the initial AE strength, AE impact at the peak moment, AE fluctuations and induction time are significantly influenced by the drilling position and depth. Furthermore, the drilling position and depth change the evolution law in the damage acceleration and stable development stages, while the hole diameter has little effect on the AE signal during the rock drilling process.
Physics of laser-driven tin plasma sources of EUV radiation for nanolithography
Authors: Versolato Oscar O
Published: July 2019

Laser-produced transient tin plasmas are the sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light at 13.5 nm wavelength for next-generation nanolithography, enabling the continued miniaturization of the features on chips. Generating the required EUV light at sufficient power, reliability, and stability presents a formidable multi-faceted task, combining industrial innovations with attractive scientific questions. This topical review presents a contemporary overview of the status of the field, discussing the key processes that govern the dynamics in each step in the process of generating EUV light. Relevant physical processes span over a challenging six orders of magnitude in time scale, ranging from the (sub-)ps and ns time scales of laser-driven atomic plasma processes to the several μs required for the fluid dynamic tin target deformation that is set in motion by them.
Sensitivity of parameter estimation near the exceptional point of a non-Hermitian system
Authors: Chen Chong , Jin Liang , Liu Ren-Bao
Published: July 2019

The exceptional points (EPs) of non-Hermitian systems, where n different energy eigenstates merge into an identical one, have many intriguing properties that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems. In particular, the

ϵ

1

/

n

dependence of the energy level splitting on a perturbative parameter ϵ near an nth order EP stimulates the idea of metrology with arbitrarily high sensitivity, since the susceptibility dϵ
1/n
/dϵ diverges at the EP. Here we theoretically study the sensitivity of parameter estimation near the EPs, using the exact formalism of quantum Fisher information (QFI). The QFI formalism allows the highest sensitivity to be determined without specifying a specific measurement approach. We find that the EP bears no dramatic enhancement of the sensitivity. Instead, the coalescence of the eigenstates exactly counteracts the eigenvalue susceptibility divergence and makes the sensitivity a smooth function of the perturbative parameter.
Elite Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization for Target Coverage Problem in High-density Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Xu Mengying , Zhou Jie , Lu Yi
Published: July 2019

The rapid development of intelligent sensing, micro electro-mechanical systems and communication has made it feasible to equip low computational complexity, low energy consumption, autonomous, and intelligent sensor nodes. High-density wireless sensor networks (HDWSNs) have information acquisition and communication abilities. HDWSNs are widely used in a number of areas including traffic avoidance, homelands security, target monitoring and so on. One of the major challenges in HDWSNs is to maximize the point coverage percentage. It is important since it is known that obtaining an optimal coverage target for HDWSNs is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we use an elite adaptive particle swarm optimization (EAPSO) to solve the issue of target coverage in HDWSNs. In order to improve the effectiveness of system, a system model is provided to evaluate the monitored rate for HDWSNs. The proposed EAPSO with an efficient particle swarm optimization in discrete mode has the advantages of both adaptive as well as elite strategy. Numerical simulations are conducted with a number of nodes and targets using EAPSO, evolutionary algorithm (EA) and simulated annealing (SA). In the simulations, a better performance of EAPSO is given when it is compared with EA and SA with the same computational complexity.
Research on Duration Estimation of Rotor UAV Based on Flight Condition-Energy Consumption Identification
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ding Qingqing , Zeng Chao , Wang Chao
Published: July 2019

The quad-rotor UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) has a wide application market for its simple structure, easy operation and strong adaptability. During the flight, the endurance of UAV is an important parameter for flight planning, and it is of great significance to master the endurance capability of UAV. The endurance of UAV is mainly decided by the remaining capacity of the battery and the future energy consumption which changes with flight conditions. In this paper, a Flight Condition-Energy Consumption Model is established by analysing a large number of flight data with machine learning method, and the effects of different regression algorithms are compared. The validity of the model is verified by the actual flight. The endurance of the aircraft can be estimated using this model with the given remaining capacity of the battery and the future flight tasks.