bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME ASPECTS OF PREVENTION OF CRYSTALLINE HYDRATES FORMATION AT GAS DISTRIBUTION STATIONS
Authors: Ezhov V. S. , Shchedrina G. G. , Semicheva N. E.
Published: December 2018

The existing methods for natural gas dehydration both in fields and at compressor stations cannot always provide standatdized values of natural gas dehydration. The analysis of operation of gas distribution systems shows that dehydration units are improperly placed and are often installed out of condensation and freezing zones. This is due to the lack of consideration of phase transitions impact in gas throttling on its temperature condition. Due to insufficient natural gas dehydration, crystalline hydrates can be formed on wellbores, distribution lines and main gas pipelines and at its reduction, disturbing the operation of the equipment of compressor stations, gas distribution stations, deranging instrumentation and automation. The issues of reliability of gas pipeline systems considering the formation of crystalline hydrate plugs in pipelines have been studied. The analysis of the methods and devices preventing hydrates formation and eliminating existing crystalline hydrate plugs has shown that to provide normalized parameters of the transported gas it is necessary to perform additional water vapor, condensate drops and crystalline hydrate particles removal from natural gas at gas distribution stations during winter months. Currently applied methods used to deal with crystalline hydrate plugs in main gas pipelines require significant expenses and do not effectively ensure the reliability of pipelines operation. An energy-efficient design of an integrated treatment unit which provides an additional natural gas treatment at GDS, increases the reliability of gas pipelines protection against hydrate blockage and improves the efficiency of gas supply systems as a whole have been proposed at the Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation of the SWSU.
ON THE ISSUE OF DEFINITINESS OF CONCEPTS OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION
Authors: Belyaev V. P. , Belyaeva G. S.
Published: December 2018

The article first outlines the role and importance of control and supervisory activities: it is asserted that control and supervision are independent (autonomous) forms of state-significant activity, therefore it is important not to confuse these concepts having different intension. Further it is noted that in the legal conception in the study of control and supervision the view of these concepts as equivalent prevails. In its turn, the current legislation does not provide an answer to the question of where and when control is exercised, and under what circumstances supervision is exercised. The paper contains examples that confirm the thesis that legislators use the concepts of control and supervision as synonyms. The author's view of the problem lies in the fact that it is necessary to distinguish these concepts in accordance with certain criteria. And this is important for practical activities, since such a distinction makes it possible to define the functional identity of control and supervision bodies clearly, "arm them with specific goals", tasks, forms and methods of implementing both control and supervisory activities. Circumstances and conditions which can be taken into account to distinguish the concepts of control and supervision and their essence (functional focus) are characterized. A drastic proposal was made, according to which it is necessary to assign supervisory powers at the legislative level to the prosecution service solely, and all the rest, today called supervisory bodies, should be considered only control ones. This proposal is justified on the basis of the current legislation and the actual situation in the implementation of control and supervision.
LEGAL REGULATION OF PACIFIC FRANC ENISSION AND CIRCULATION
Authors: Sitnik А. А. , Karpov K. А.
Published: December 2018

The essential condition for the development of financial law science is to address to foreign experience in legal regulation of social relations. The comparative legal researches can enrich the doctrine and contribute to the improvement of practice of implementation of financial legislation. This fully applies to the sphere of financial-legal regulation of social relations in the area of monetary circulation. Traditionally it is assumed that a single currency shall apply in the framework of the state. Meanwhile, several foreign countries have widespread practice of issue and circulation of regional and local currencies authorized by the government. That is why it is quiet crucial to understand the peculiarities of legal regulation of issuing CFP franc as a regional currency that is in circulation in French territories in the Pacific ocean. This article is devoted to the study of the order of issuing and circulating of CFP franc. The work discusses the specifications of the administrative-territorial division of the French Republic and its influence on the monetary circulation in the state. Also, the authors are exploring the genesis of the issuing institutions of France and their competence. So, in addition to the Bank of France, the institution of the overseas departments and issuing institution of the overseas territories have the right to carry out issuing of currencies. The main purpose of these bodies is to ensure the stable monetary circulation in the French overseas territories. The article concludes that the CFP franc is a means of providing additional liquidity for the growth of separate administrative-territorial entities. As a priority aim of introducing a parallel currency, the French government has considered the protection of the local population from the fluctuations of the national currency. The CFP franc is in circulation in a limited area and it is not recognized as a legal tender in Metropolitan France.
UTOPIC IDEAS IN RUSSIAN ARCHTECTURE IN CULTURAL ASPECT
Authors: Zvjagintseva M. M.
Published: December 2018

Utopia is one of the most stable archetypical cultural concepts because it reflects the mankind’s desire to improve their world, find a better way of social organization and return to the paradise lost. The idea of the “general welfare domain” had been present in myths and religions of different peoples long before the term “Utopia” appeared as such. Utopian ideals were extremely typical of the European culture due to its extroversion and the aspiration for a more rational existence. Utopia demonstrates a number of very typical features including commonality, special isolation, timelessness (absence of historical times), autarchy (self-sufficiency, independence from the outer world, etc. including the separation from people), urbanism, regimentation and globality. Since XVI-XVII centuries the image of an ideal society has shaped as a city on an island. As a city quite often looks like an ideally transformable space, architectural Utopia plays a very specific role: it personifies the social Utopia. City-planning interpretation of Thomas Moor’s ideas presented a big interest for his contemporaries. Later there were many projects of “ideal” cities that were developed by Italian Renaissance architects. The XVIII century was marked by the appearance of Utopian socialist philosophy. A part of its supporters used to think that metropolitan cities could make a sound foundation for the development of industrial civilization, others advocated the networks of small independent communities. In Russia the first belletristic Utopias appeared in the XVIII century. They continued West-European traditions and preserved all traits of a classical Utopia, however, they acquired national color. All of them pictured an ideal future society that was embodied in new city types. Russian architectural Utopias are closely connected with social processes that predetermined the development of European culture in general. National Utopian architecture had its prime time after the revolution when architects got opportunities to implement their bold ideas
PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT SUPPORT FOR INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bredikhin V. V. , Kolmykova T. S. , Astapenko E. O.
Published: December 2018

The current socio-economic situation in Russia is developing under the influence of anti-Russian sanctions, the intensification of global competition, the complication of the world political situation. Against this background, a complex problem requiring an integrated and systemic solution is to ensure sustainable parameters of economic growth. As the economy has a tendency to repeat the dynamics, it allows us to identify the cyclical nature of its development. Successful industrial development is replaced by periods of decline, accompanied by inflation and unemployment, a decline in production and consumption. The study of socio-economic dynamics in a long-term retrospective allows us to identify patterns in development and develop a set of anti-crisis measures. In this paper, we study the dynamics of socio-economic processes that accompany the development of the national economic complex in recent years. Analysis of the dynamics of the GDP of the Russian Federation made it possible to discover the cyclical nature of its development. From 2002 to 2015, two cycles were identified: the first - from 2002 to 2008; the second - from 2009 to 2015. After the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009, Russia noted the post-crisis economic recovery, which was interrupted in 2013-2014 by the introduction of international economic sanctions against Russia. The slowdown in economic growth since 2014 was determined by external shocks in the energy and raw materials markets, as well as by geopolitical tensions and, as a result, the closure of foreign capital markets for a number of Russian companies and banks. Analysis of investment as the main catalyst for economic growth showed a fall in investment volumes amid the effects of the crises of 2008 and 2013-2015. A decrease in investment activity in the regional structure of investments was noted. The modern tendencies in reorientation of regional investments in the branch, not subject to sanctions influence and working on realization of import substitution policy are revealed. Groups of activities aimed at stimulating capital investments and ensuring sustainable economic development in the regions have been formed.
THE DRAFT PROVISIONS OF THE PENAL PRISONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors: Artemenkov M. .
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes in detail the issues of the formation and development of the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Empire during the Great Reforms of Alexander II. The author notes that changes in the field of execution of punishments were an integral part of the changes that took place in the country, had their historical substantiation and should be considered in the general context of liberal changes of the second half of the XIX century. The formation of new economic relations, changes in the social structure of society, the emergence of new political practices made it necessary to liberalize the penitentiary sphere. New legal theories associated with understanding the purposes, purpose and execution of punishments, became the basis for the transformation in European countries, including the Russian Empire. The main form of punishment is imprisonment, which was the result of changing the purpose of punishment. It is the correction of the person who committed the crime, through work, education and upbringing. The article analyzes the practice of preparing normative and legal acts related to the study of foreign experience, the organization of experimental places of detention, the discussion of the provisions of the draft of the Regulations on Correctional Prisons in the Russian Empire in various commissions. The prepared draft law, in spite of certain shortcomings, was progressive and corresponded to the tasks that faced the system of execution of punishment. Thus, the article concludes that the ongoing reforms were progressive, an assessment was made on the issues of discussion. When writing a scientific work the author used the materials of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific literature of both domestic and foreign authors.
THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATION THE ANGLO-SAXON LEGAL SYSTEM ON THE REFORM OF THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW
Authors: Ryabinina T. K.
Published: December 2018

The article discusses issues concerning the impact of legislation some countries Anglo-Saxon legal family on contemporary reform of Russian criminal procedure. The author raises the problem of community many of the legal provisions and institutions of Russian and Anglo-Saxon law. The work focuses on the fact that due to frequent legal stories, contradictory law-enforcement practice, the active work of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation which, by their individual decisions initiate new legislative changes, the reference to comparative legal study of foreign models of the criminal process is inevitable. The study used General scientific and special legal methods of studies: analysis and synthesis, legal modeling, formally-legal. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's approach to the study of the problem, which has not only theoretical but also practical importance, consists in the fact that, despite the seemingly opposite type of the Russian legal system related to civil law jurisdictions, and countries of the Anglo-American conglomerate, however, in fact, at the present time, there is the mutual influence and complementarity. In support of this thesis, the author made analysis of such a legal institution as a simplified procedure (in countries with Anglo-Saxon legal family called plea of guilt), which is in the form of a special order of judicial proceedings was introduced in the Russian criminal process. The Russian version of this procedure differs from Anglo-American, however, at its core, it is based on the legislative regulations of great Britain and the United States. The work is concluded that the main influence in Anglo-Saxon law is in the Russian criminal process is manifested in the extension of adversarial origins.
FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Vorontsova E. V. , Vorontsov A. L.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of forming a political and legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety in the global and European space. The authors are trying to identify the root causes of the ecological crisis that has befallen the planet and conclude that the current ecological situation is a natural result of man's economic activity based on the principle that "man is the king of nature" and that he aims to improve material well-being. The authors note the fallacy of this worldview position. At the same time, they state that a significant part of the world population does not have the necessary awareness of the environmental threat, which carries the traditional manufacturing approach based on the uncontrolled use of natural resources and especially the consumer attitude towards natural capital. The article focuses attention on the fact that the global economy continues to develop the processes of liberalization and globalization, which only increases the need to implement both effective international environmental policy and national policies. It emphasizes the need for joint efforts of the scientific community, environmental organizations, business elites and government agencies in the process of overcoming the existing production and technological inertia that threatens to lead humanity to disaster. It is noted that the foundations of a common political and legal mechanism in the sphere of ensuring environmental safety and environmental protection have already been formed at the international level, but not all states can connect to it due to their development. Thus, the Green Growth Strategy adopted by the OECD member countries faces objective difficulties in the process of its implementation even in the most developed countries, which makes it necessary to further improve the political, legal and economic mechanisms for ensuring environmental safety with taking into account national peculiarities.
INFOLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM OF ANALYTICAL DATA UNSTRUCTURED CONTENT
Authors: Mikhailov S. N. , Klyuchnikova О. Е.
Published: December 2018

In operation the way of solving the problem of quick search of information in unstructured information resources is offered. Four main units realizing information search in semantic values are constructed and described. In article the algorithm of the decision of the task of assessment of compliance of semantic contents of text documents of the given data domain is offered. The offered infologichesky approach is executed on the basis of data analysis of patent search, the published scientific operations and the conducted pilot studies of effective methods of automatic assessment of maintenance of unstructured information resources for the organization of processes of information and analytical support of scientific activities. In operation the method of assessment and comparison of a subject directivity of data in unstructured information resources, on a basis use of infologichesky system is offered. This method assumes carrying out a clustering of text documents by comparing of semantic contents of the researched text and the anthology. The structure of the retrieval subsystem having the service-oriented client-server architecture with the thin client (web observer) is described. The described method was approved on a set of the texts received as a result of monitoring of open public infocommunication Internet resources without restriction of a subject (more than 1 million copies of texts are received and processed). Among the received texts by an expert way learning selection for the following types of texts was created: artistic texts, scientific technical articles, the pseudoscientific texts received as a result of operation of systems, a spam automatically generated - the containing texts. The composition is offered and the general architecture of the software of infologichesky system is described, principal components of system are cross-platform. On the basis of results of the pilot studies the basic possibility of implementation of automated assessment of subject similarity of documents on the example of infologichesky processing of texts of working programs of disciplines is shown, requirements imposed to the program interface of interaction of a prototype with external search engines are created.Key words: infological system, assessment of the thematic similarity, information resource working program of discipline, competence, semantic analysis, meaning.
ON UNIFICATION OF ALGORITHMS FOR CALCULATING THE INDIRECT COSTS OF MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENTS OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Stolbov A. P. , Madyanova V. V. , Kobiatskaia E. E.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the methodological approaches to the calculation of the indirect costs of medical and diagnostic units of medical organizations. Indirect costs include the costs incurred to support the operation of several divisions of medical organizations. In this paper we introduce the concept of a "cost center" - functional structural units that perform certain medical diagnostic services, as well as ancillary services and services that are directly related to the process of providing medical care to patients, as well as those necessary for the operation of the institution as a whole. The classification of cost centers in a medical organization is also proposed depending on the volume of medical care provided. The centers A are general administrative and business units, the expenses of which are distributed to all other cost centers and practically independent of the volume of medical care provided; M centers - medical and diagnostic units where direct medical care is provided to patients (main cost centers); B centers - auxiliary cost centers, whose costs are allocated to M centers, and partially between B centers; (hospital pharmacy, nutrition unit, sterilization department, blood transfusion unit, laundry, polyclinic registry, medical equipment department, etc.), and P centers - other units in the structure of the medical organization - resource consumers who are not involved and do not provide medical services to the institution ; such centers are scientific and educational units, as well as premises and equipment leased by a medical institution to external organizations. Based on the proposed classification of cost centers, the article describes algorithms for calculating the indirect costs of medical diagnostic units using mathematical notations and formulas. As a result, the authors have generated a formal model of cost allocation between all the cost centers identified in the institution, represented in the form of an oriented graph, the vertices of which denote the set of cost centers, the directed arcs indicate the flow of cost distribution between the centers relating to the corresponding functional class, as well as distribution of general organizational expenses. In conclusion, the authors have noted that the use of these algorithms makes it possible to improve the accuracy of calculating the cost of performing medical services in the conduct of clinical and economic analysis of medical technologies, and this approach can be used in setting tariffs for payment of medical care by health authorities and CMI funds
FORMATION OF THE REGION TAX POTENTIAL WITH INCOME ACCOUNT IN THE NON-OBSERVED ECONOMY
Authors: Tkacheva T. J.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the issues of formation of the region tax potential taking into account incomes in the non-observed economy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the author's methodology for assessing the tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy. It is substantiated the expediency of using indirect methods of measuring the incomes of the non-observed economy for calculating the tax potential of a constituent of the Russian Federation In accordance with the author's methodology consumer spending can be an indicator of the aggregate income of both registered and unregistered. The shadow incomes of the population can be estimated as the excess of total expenditures over the real disposable income of the population. More calculations have shown that the regions of the Central Federal District have significant amounts of unused financial resources, which can be a source of growth of tax revenues of regional and local budgets in the event of their withdrawal from the shadow turnover. With regard to the alcohol market for the method of discrepancy we consider it appropriate to use the indicators of production and wholesale turnover of alcohol products in the Russian Federation. It is concluded that using the proposed approaches to assessing the tax potential of the region, state authorities at different levels will be able to more effectively monitor regional budgets and increase the effectiveness of fiscal and fiscal mechanisms for sustainable development. Commitment to the qualitative characteristics of the region tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy, will increase the efficiency of using the aggregate tax potential. Tax revenues serve as a quantitative expression of the actually achieved level of the tax potential of the territory. The tax potential ensures the formation of fiscal flows in order to maintain a dynamic balance between the key areas of socio-economic development of the territories and through feedback mechanisms influencing trends of sustainable regional development.
DOCTRINAL POSITION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY IN WORKS OF V. I. ANICHINA
Authors: Fokov A. P.
Published: December 2018

The article is in memory of Vera Ivanovna Anishina, Doctor of Law, Professor of the Russian State University of Justice, Chairman of the 2nd Judicial Collegium for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author of the article highlights the basic doctrinal provisions of the independence of the judiciary in the writings of Professor V.I. Anishina, highlights the scientist's contribution to improving the mechanism of the judge's responsibility in the Russian Federation. Many topical issues are being touched on the judiciary in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes numerous works of the scientist in the field of the principles of the administration of justice and discloses the content of the principles of independence and independence of judges. Conclusions are drawn about the need to change the system of principles of law, by adding new ones. The idea of a new qualitative approach to the formation of a system of constitutional and legal ideas of the modern development of the judiciary in the Russian Federation is being put forward. Based on the assumption of the need to reform the system of bringing the judge to justice, ideas are offered regarding the mechanism for bringing the judge to legal responsibility on the basis of the ideas of Judge V.I. Anishina, who participated in the consideration of the complaints of judges, deprived of the status of a judge and appealing decisions of the qualification collegiums of judges and the highest qualification board of judges in the country's highest judicial body, other scientists and international experience. It is concluded that the mechanism of judicial responsibility must be enshrined in the federal law "On the responsibility of a judge in the Russian Federation". Current conclusions, having elements of scientific novelty, made by the author in the work, correlate with the available sources on the topic of the research, supported by theoretical research.
ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT LEGAL POSITION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON EXTREMIST CASES
Authors: Bodrov N. F.
Published: December 2018

Extremist cases are characterized by a set of features: a wide range of various criminal actions, their proof circumstances complexity, an ambiguous standard and legal regulation and other difficulties. This is a reason of diverse judicial and investigative practice formation. After analysis of judicial and investigative practice author reveals a num- ber of regularities which peculiar for affairs of this category. On the basis of all materials considered by the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation (46 cases on complaints consideration for the period from 1993 to 2017) the author analyses features of complaints and statutes which are the subject at appeal. Practice synthesis of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation on cases of anti-extremism legislation and description of legal position of the Constitutional court is a result of done analysis. The author reveals and describes substantial aspects of complaints which have been rejected by the Constitutional court. Recommendations about complaints preparation and submission are stated. Special attention is paid to those circumstances which are the basis of the Constitutional court practice and are standard causes of failure in complaint consideration. According to analysis practice results of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation the following provisions are proved: 1) practice of complaint consideration by the Constitutional court on cases of extremist offenses was already created and on certain questions is constantly reproduced in decisions, 2) law-linguistic uncertainty of anti-extremism legislation isn't an obstacle to its application, 3) results of judicial and expert researches are crucial for circumstances state and existence in expert practice of numerous collisions on similar affairs isn't a subject for the appeal in the Constitutional court. The research is done with financial support of RHSF on the agreement No. 16-33-01150.
ERROR CORRECTION DEVICE FOR OPTICAL MEMORY OF MASS APPLICATION
Authors: Egorov S. I. , Krivonos A. V.
Published: December 2018

Currently one of the most commonly used carriers of digital information is optical multi-purpose DVD discs. At the same time these carriers have a significant disadvantage, namely, a tendency to a relatively large number of errors in the reading of information due to damage of the recording layer during production or operation. The article presents the structural and functional organization of the error correction device for optical mass storage (optical DVDs) that implements the iterative decoding of the product of Reed-Solomon codes. It is given the block diagram of the device, which illustrates the relationships between the components of the device decoders iterations and describes the principle of the receipt and processing of data blocks in the device. The error correction device is N series-connected iterations decoders working on a pipelined basis. All its iterative decoders run in parallel, processing successively received data blocks from the channel. The structure of decoder iterations is disclosed and the functions of their constituent blocks are described with reference to the points of the decoding algorithm. The proposed device receives one code word symbol (8 bits) per 2 clock cycles and, when implementing a decoder on modern ASICs, is capable of providing a throughput of 2 Gbps at a processor clock speed of 500 MHz. This bandwidth allows the device to work in a continuous mode and processing data blocks at the rate of their arrival. Possible ways of increasing the capacity of the device are described. In addition, the article assesses the hardware complexity of the main units of the device, expressed in the number of gates and bits of memory required for its implementation using integrated circuits of a special purpose.
DIAGRAM OF FIXTURE FOR VIBRATION DRILLING OF HOLES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Chevychelov S. A. , Snopkov M. V. , Bondartsev I. V. , Maslennikov A. V.
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the use of vibration drilling method for hole making in composite materials. The special feature of advanced composite materials is the difficulty of machining by conventional methods. The occurrence of defects such as matrix cracking, delamination and fibers failure, thermal degradation of matrix obtained in the process of making holes requires the development of new technological solutions and special equipment and tooling. As an alternative, along with cutting and abrasive machining methods for composite materials, we can consider vibration drilling, laser, ultrasonic and abrasive blasting machining of holes. The Department of Engineering Technologies and Equipment of Southwest State University has made a device intended for vibration drilling of holes in composite materials. Using the proposed method allows us to reduce the vibrations along the drill axis, both in the low-frequency and high-frequency range (20 to 500 Hz). It also allows us to change the frequency of vibration without stopping the cutting process. The device is designed for metall cutting machines related to drilling-and-boring group of machines with a vertical spindle to increase performance and improve the quality of holes shaping. Technical specifications of the designed device provide the set tool advances, the required frequency of spindle rotation, giving the necessary cutting speed (they depend on technical features of the selected machine), as well as the necessary amplitude and high frequency axial oscillations of the tool. To convert electric oscillations into mechanical ones there has been adopted the scheme of two inductance coils, being placed one above the other. The proposed method of electro-impulse drilling will solve the problem of processing composite materials (matrix cracking, delamination and fiber failures) and improve the quality and productivity of making holes in composite materials.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGErial ACTIVITY OF THE KURSK CITY ADMINISTRATION IN THE area OF WORK WITH CITIZENS 'APPEALS
Authors: Kuzmina V. M.
Published: December 2018

The article reveals insights into the function of information and analytical support in the activities of the Administration of the city of Kursk. It ensures the timely and uninterrupted flow of information both from the environment to the organization and from the organization to the environment as well as information support for the managerial activities of the system, its subordinate structural units incorporated in the organization. In the absence of this function, the goal-setting and implementation of the objectives of the management system becomes impossible. This function execution in local self-government bodies has specific features, in particular, there is a problem of information exchange between the population and local authorities. In order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to organize work with citizens' appeals in accordance with the administrative regulations. Citizens’ appeals are an important part of the office work of any municipal institution. Citizens’ appeals with proposals, applications, and complaints to municipal bodies are an important means of exercising and protecting the rights of a person, strengthening the ties of a municipal body with the population, an essential source of information necessary for solving current and future problems of state, economic and socio-cultural construction. Being one of the forms of citizens' participation in the process of management, appeals contribute to strengthening people's control over the activities of municipal authorities, combating red-tape, bureaucracy and other shortcomings in their work.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE GRAIN MARKET REGULATION MECHANISM AS A FACTOR OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX
Authors: Morkovkin D. E. , Shmanev S. V. , Timoshchenko M. A.
Published: December 2018

In modern macroeconomic conditions, the mechanism of public procurement and commodity interventions is not an effective enough tool to regulate the grain market. The subject of the research is the state policy in the field of development of agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals to improve the mechanisms of regulation of the grain market. The object of the research is the directions and mechanisms of agrarian policy of modern Russia. The work pays special attention to the analysis of the main shortcomings of the current regulatory mechanism of the domestic grain market, as well as offers a completely new alternative models to maintain the profitability of agricultural producers. It is shown that the commercial organizations involved in interventions are forced to accept price risks caused by state regulation of the market, but incompatible with their statutory goals. The study uses theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: literature review, logical, statistical and expert assessments, methods of collecting empirical data, system analysis, description and processing of the research results. The main results of the study are the following provisions. The authors propose the use of alternative models to maintain the level of income of agricultural producers in order to reduce the cost of the Federal budget and improve the efficiency of this mechanism, given the current conditions of the agro-industrial complex, in the framework of which an effective Institute can be created that regulates the grain market on the principles of public - private partnership-grain commodity and credit Corporation. Realizing functions on acceptance on storage and purchase of grain, commodity and credit Corporation will receive privileges from the state. At the same time, the removal of surplus grain in the subjects of the Russian Federation, not exporting it, by improving the competitiveness of these products through subsidies transportation tariffs will help to stabilize grain prices in the domestic market and will be the basis for the expansion of exports.
SEGMENTATION OF IMAGES OF EYE GROUND BLOOD VESSELS INVOLVING APPLICATION OF FUZZY IMAGING
Authors: Pugin E. V. , Zhiznyakov A. L. , Titov D. V.
Published: December 2018

Segmentation of images is an important task while processing images. Among the most widespread methods are methods based on pixel clustering, histogram methods, morphological methods, watershed segmentation, multiscale segmentation, and others. A promising trend in image processing is the use of fuzzy logic methods and the fuzzy set theory. Their application makes it possible to improve the quality of processing by providing information in a fuzzy form. The article proposes a new method for images segmentation involving boundaries detection based on the fuzzy representation of the image and fuzzy pixels. The membership functions are proposed for describing fuzzy pixels, and the requirements for their form and type are provided. The most suitable membership functions for fuzzy imaging are the s-function and the π-function. A description of a new method for boundaries detection based on the Sobel operator and the developed fuzzy type of image is described. In this case, standard calculations of the image brightness gradient are supplemented with their fuzzy versions which are then combined to obtain the final result. The experimental verification of the developed method is carried out using the example of eyeground images. In addition to the fuzzy detection of boundaries for the detection of blood vessels, the images were subjected to pre-processing (halftone imaging, mask matching, contrasting), morphological operators (thinning of boundaries, dilatation), and an algorithm for removing small details was applied. During testing, the developed algorithm showed acceptable results in terms of segmentation of blood vessels. In the future, a fuzzy image model can be extended to use fuzzy features of the second and higher types
HOW TO SOLVE THE ISSUE OF TERMINATION CRIMINAL CASE UNDER ST. 25.1 CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER THE PURPOSE OF THE HEARING?
Authors: Ryabinina T. K. , Petrova O. V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the issues related to the legal regulation of the new grounds for termination of a criminal case or criminal prosecution - in connection with the appointment of the accused measures of a criminal nature in the form of a court fine and peculiarities of its application at the stage of appointment of the court session. As you know, the possibility of termination of the criminal case at this stage of the process is implemented at a preliminary hearing, where in conditions of competition, with the participation of the parties, that is, taking into account their opinion, the court, instead of appointing a trial, if there are necessary reasons, decides to terminate the criminal case or criminal prosecution, which is an important guarantee against unreasonable Moreover, the adoption of such a decision helps to reduce the time of criminal proceedings and its resolution, procedural costs, including material and organizational nature. As judicial practice in connection with application of the new basis of the termination of criminal case is only acquired, research of this question is actual and from the theoretical, and practical parties. The paper uses General scientific and special-legal research methods: analysis and synthesis, legal modeling, formal-legal. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the author's approach to the study of the problem, which allowed the author on the basis of a comprehensive study of the Institute of termination of criminal proceedings or criminal prosecution in connection with the appointment of the accused measures of a criminal nature in the form of a court fine to justify the need to improve both the procedure for resolving the issue of termination of a criminal case on this ground, and the legal regulation of the conditions of application of this ground.
MODELING THE MOTION OF THE ROBOT-TRACTOR FOR TRANSPORTING AIRCRAFT ON THE AIRFIELD
Authors: Jatsun S. F. , Bartenev V. V. , Politov E. N. , Afonin D. V.
Published: December 2018

Towing aircraft ensures the effective functioning of the modern airport, including the military. In military aviation at alarm efficiency and coherence of work of tow trucks is the extremely important task. The article is devoted to solving the actual problem of automation of the process of towing aircraft on the territory of airfields. The paper describes the design of a three-wheeled mobile robot with two independent driving wheels, designed for the transportation of aircraft at airports. The driving wheels are located behind the center of mass, which ensures stable straight-line movement of the robot at all velocities. Robot moves along the horizontal plane along the contrast strip applied to it. Sensory system of the robot is represented by the opto-matrix that includes two opto lines. The criteria of design parameters of the robot, ensuring its stability when moving along a given trajectory are defined. The computing scheme of a three-wheeled robot as a system of three absolutely solid bodies, one of which is the platform together with the optometric matrix of electric drives, the other two-driving wheels is given. In the mathematical model of the robot, the following assumptions are made: the robot is considered as a system of absolutely solid bodies, the motion is carried out without slipping, the driven wheel moves forward. Robot has four degrees of freedom. The equations of the dynamics of the robot with two independent driving wheels on a horizontal rough plane, using the form of Maggi’s equations for electromechanical systems with non-holonomic links are given. A Coulomb model of dry friction is assumed. The conditions of steady motion of a wheeled robot without transverse sliding of driving wheels are also determined.
THE INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL FACTORS AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF REINFORCING STEEL CLASS A 600
Authors: Sergeev N. N. , Izvol'skiy V. V. , Sergeev A. N. , Kutepov S. N. , Gvozdev A. E. , Ageev E. V. , Klement'yev D. S.
Published: December 2018

Currently, hot rolled bar reinforcement class A600 of low-alloy steels in the delivery condition has a high tendency to this very specific kind of destruction as stress corrosion cracking under tension (SCC). However, there are cases of collapse of pre-stressed concrete structures, in most cases initiated corrosion cracking under stress, put the problem this type of fracture is particularly acute. In stress corrosion cracking cracks occur, the occurrence of which depends not only on the structural state of the material, the type and level of stress, but also on the degree of aggressiveness of the environment in which the operation occurs. In this regard, it is very important to establish how the corrosion resistance of class A600 reinforcing steel varies depending on the change in the chemical composition, microstructure, the level of applied and residual micro-stresses, and various modes of heat treatment. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the above factors on the resistance of low-alloyed reinforcing steel class A600 stress corrosion cracking It is shown that the sensitivity of the reinforcement to stress corrosion cracking is largely determined by the chemical composition (mainly carbon content), the type of microstructure and the level of residual micro-stresses. The influence of heat treatment regimes on the corrosion resistance of A600-grade reinforcing steel in nitrates solutions is investigated. It is shown that the use of additional heat treatment (normalization and improvement) increases the corrosion resistance of steel. High corrosion resistance steel reinforcement has only a carbon content at the lower limit of the vintage composition, which is provided by the structure of homogeneous bainite with mechanical properties at the level of strength class A600. With higher mechanical properties, the steel reinforcement has lower corrosion resistance.
FORMATION OF THE PLAN EVENTS ON ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY COMPANIES BASED PROJECT APPROACH
Authors: Sultygova M. B.
Published: December 2018

The article substantiates the need to introduce project management in the enterprise, identified problems associated with the transition to project management. Taking into account the classical design constraints based on the scenario distribution, a conceptual scheme for allocating finance and resources in the system of measures to counter threats to economic security was proposed. The assessment of the level of economic security "at the micro, meso and macro levels and determined the threshold values of determinants in the system of economic security. The actual values of the indicators are related to the threshold values and the level of the economic level corresponding to them is determined according to the selected determinants - stable, pre-crisis, crisis and critical. On the example of PJSC "NOVATEK", the target and optimal values of the indicators that do not correspond to the stable level of the enterprise development are determined. Based on the methods of set-theoretic analysis, a plan of measures was developed to counteract threats to economic security, taking into account project limitations on time and financial resources. According to the proposed plan, critical chain threats are selected to achieve the target level of economic security. The method of optimal distribution of time and financial resources based on the calculation of the fuzzy goal membership function and fuzzy solution is proposed, which allows to achieve maximum effectiveness of measures to achieve the target and optimal level of economic security. It is concluded that the proposed methodology allows to formulate an action plan for achieving the target / optimal level of economic security in the conditions of a limited budget and the expected time of the onset of threats, to vary the budget allocated for ensuring economic security and predicting these indicators for the near future.
X-RAY MICROANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC-SPARK COATINGS BASED ON TUNGSTEN-CONTAINING ELECTROEROSION POWDERS
Authors: Altukhov A. Yu. , Ageeva E. V. , Gorokhov A. A. , Osminina A. S.
Published: December 2018

The development of modern engineering requires improving the quality, reliability and durability of parts, components and mechanisms. One of the effective ways to solve these problems is the use of various functional coatings, including the method of electrospark alloying (EIL). The main electrode materials are mainly sintered hard alloys, the cost of which, due to the presence of expensive tungsten, is relatively high. One of the promising methods for producing powder from almost any conductive material, including solid alloy and high-speed steel waste, is the method of electroerosion dispersion (EED), characterized by relatively low energy costs and environmental cleanliness of the process. The purpose of this work was to conduct x-ray Microspectral microanalysis of the electrospark coating obtained by electrospark alloying on the UR-121 installation with the use of electrodes from a mixture of electroerosion powders of the VK8 (90%)+P6M5 (10%) brand obtained by electroerosion dispersion of solid alloy and high-speed steel waste in kerosene lighting. The electrode was obtained by mixing the powders in the ratio VK-8 (90%) + R6M5(10%), Electrospark coatings formed by the electrode on a sample of steel 30HGSA received at the installation UR-121 (production of the company PELM, Podolsk). In order to identify the distribution of elements on the surface of the electrospark coatings, with the help of energy-dispersion analyzer of x-ray radiation of the company EDAX, built into the raster electron microscope "QUANTA 200 3D", the spectra of the characteristic x-ray radiation at various points on the surface of the sample were obtained. On the basis of experimental studies aimed at conducting x-ray Microspectral microanalysis of the electrospark coating obtained by electrospark alloying on the installation UR-121 with the use of electrodes from a mixture of electroerosion powders of the brand VK8 (90%)+P6M5 (10%) obtained by electroerosion dispersion of solid alloy waste and high-speed steel in kerosene lighting, the content of the main elements in it is determined.