bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AND FRAILTY SYNDROM
Authors: Ovchynnykova A.S. , Trufanov Y.O. , Svyrydova N.K.
Published: March 2024

The objective of our research was to define the relationship between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and frailty syndrome (FS) in the older age group.
Materials and methods: the cross-sectional study involved patients of the older age group diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD - chronic cerebral ischemia, chronic phase of ischemic stroke). All patients had comorbid OH. OH was established on the basis of a classical orthostatic test [10]. Each group included patients with different functional classes of OH (FC OH), from 1 to 4 [7]. The functional class of OH was determined using the orthostatic hypotension questionnaire (assessment of OH symptoms and the OH daily activity scale) [8]. All participants were assessed for the FS index based on the Edmonton Frail Scale [9].
Results: OH and FS has a close relationship, which is reflected in the direct correlation between OH and FS index (r=0.9). The higher FC OH, the more severe FS (p=0.001). The FC OH 1 corresponds to vulnerable, FC OH 2 to mild FS, FC OH 3 to moderate FS, and FC OH 4 to severe FS.
Conclusions: OH, having a close relationship with FS, may make an additional contribution to the reduction of the duration and quality of life of patients with FS and elderly patients [3, 5]. Unfortunately, currently, OH has not been included in the criteria of FS and is not evaluated in this cohort [9]. Therefore, we believe it is important to perform orthostatic testing in all patients with FS, which will prevent the occurrence of life-threatening complications caused by the persistence of OH [3, 5]. In the future, OH should be included in the criteria of FS.
Acute paracetamol poisoning in children. Providing emergency assistance in the intensive care unit of a multidisciplinary hospital with the example of clinical cases
Authors:   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Bozhenov O.Yu. , Akhmetov D. Kh. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Laptieva A.A. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Permyakova V.V. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Mayorova S.V. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Semenov S. D. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia, Kleingof O. V. ,   City Hospital No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article presents a three -year analysis of the structure of acute paracetamol poisoning in children. On the example of clinical cases, the tactics of treating patients with acute paracetamol poisoning are described.The effectiveness of the recommended doses and antidote therapy schemes is evaluated. The main factors contributing to the adverse outcome of the disease are indicated.
Influence of Soil Drought on Some Biomorphological Indicators and Allium cepa L. Varieties Performance
Authors: Aghaev F. , Asgarov A. , Mustafayev Z. , Hasanli Kh. , Gadzhieva A.
Published: March 2024

In the article in 2020-2022, locally improved onion varieties Govsan and Sabir, depending on irrigation regimes (normal watering - 12 times, control, 8 times - hard mode, 4 times - acute mode) during the growing season, some biomorphological indicators - height plants. the number of leaves, the mass of the aerial part, the mass of leaves, “false” stems, roots and bulbs, the length and diameter of the bulbs, the bulb index - and the results of changes in the amount of total wet biomass and plant productivity. light bulbs are presented. It has been shown that biomorphological changes in different onion varieties manifest themselves differently depending on the growth phases and irrigation regime. Artificial soil drought negatively affects the biomorphological parameters of the studied varieties (with the exception of roots, i. e. soil drought does not have a serious effect on the mass of roots) and as a result, the productivity of both varieties decreases, but this decrease is higher in the locally improved variety Govsan than in the relatively drought-resistant Sabir variety. happens. It was found that in the locally improved variety Govsan in acute mode the amount of total wet biomass decreased by 41.3-49.5%, and the weight of the bulbs - by 33.6-52% compared to the control, and in the variety Sabir - which is more stable to drought, these indicators decreased by 20.2 and amounted to 40.2% and 26.5-38.4%. In this regard, the hard regime occupies an intermediate position, that is, in this regime, soil drought does not significantly affect the onion yield, and the yield loss is 7.2-29.6% in Locally Improved Govsan, and 3.2-25% in Sabira. Therefore, in the economic regions of Mil-Mugan and Karabakh, where onions are grown, if there is a serious water shortage in the summer months, it is enough to water this plant 8 times instead of 12, which allows you to save a significant amount. irrigation water (at least 2000 m3/ha).
Study and Evaluation of Morpho-Anatomical Characteristics of the Leaves of Tomato Plant Varieties and Hybrids
Authors: Alieva I.
Published: March 2024

This article has been investigated and evaluated by studying the specification of anatomical structure of the sort samples of tomatoes. Studies have shown that anatomical indicators mainly have a great importance in learning of drought resistance, determining the origins of the different varieties, choosing of hybrid plants in selection work of the size and number of stomata, and total thickness of the leaves. Studying of anatomical characters of tomato sort samples and hybrids plants has shown that learning of the total thickness of the leaf and the size of number of stomata has a certain importance in selection of hybrid plants. It is defined that in sort samples which their cuticle layer is thick, water evaporation decreases, and they become resistible to illness. So, the sample of Volgograd 5/95, 82 and 90 in upper epidermis and the sample of 93 in lower epidermis were differed for the thickness of cuticle layer. As results of studies, it has been identified that chlorenchyma present in the sort samples predominant for differing according to the total thickness of the leaf. Moreover, studying of the leaf cells has shown that the evaporation of water is higher in the leaves which the number of stomatas is more, and the epidermis cells are few, for that reason, the leaves of Solanum pimpinellifolium L. (wild form) are in thin needle shaped in order to reduce the transpiration. Exactly for this reason, it’s recommended to use the wild form as a donor in conducting the future selection work.
Productivity Indicators of Almond Varieties and Forms Grown in Babek and Kangarli Districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Bayramov L.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the yield of local and imported almond varieties and some newly discovered almond forms cultivated in the territory of Babek and Kangarli districts. Here, the yield from each tree and the yield per hectare were studied separately, and the average yield was calculated for the varieties. Including the productivity of each almond variety and form, the yield per 1 m3 canopy volume, 1 m2canopy projection, 1 cm2 cross-section of the stamp and 1 m2leaf surface of the tree was calculated and detailed based on the methods compared with the varieties. Depending on the varieties, the volume of the canopy is 10.54-23.22 m3, the projection area of the canopy is 7.52-11.85 m2, the cross-section of the stamp is 156.23-185.59 cm2, the leaf surface of the tree is 12.31-30.72 m2 The specific weight per m3 of the umbrella is 2.01-2.91 kg, the productivity coefficient per m2of the projection area of the umbrella is 3.10-4.64 kg, the weight per 1 cm2of the cross section of the stamp is 0.16-0.28 kg and the weight per m3of leaf area was 1.30-2.73 kg. Here, the average weight of each fruit, the weight of the kernel, the weight of the seed for each variety and shape were studied and the most productive varieties and shapes were selected and planted in large areas. recommended. Also, among the promising varieties and forms, the varieties and forms with the highest seed yield were identified and selected. It is appropriate to use the selected varieties and forms in planting new orchards.
Application of Nafthalan Oil in Cow Pododermatitis
Authors: Akhund-zade Kh.
Published: March 2024

A clinical examination of the hooves of 64 heads of cows was carried out in the livestock farms of the Masalli district of Azerbaijan. In 24.4% animals, pododermatitis with an inflammatory process (abscess) was detected in the forelimb. After fixing the sick animals, it hoof is opened and cleaned of purulent exudate and necrotic tissue. The wound area is washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and a tight bandage with white naphthalan oil and xeroform is applied. Attached from the plantar side to the treated left side of the hoof soft material made of caoutchouc and the cow hoof boot is put on. As a result of the studies, on the 8-10th day of treatment in animals, complete healing and recovery of the diseased hoof are observed.
Ovicidal Effect of Disinvasive Substances on the Eggs of Nematodiroses Causative Agents
Authors: Nasibov M.
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the study of the disinvasive effects of various percentage solutions of chemical substances on the eggs of nematodes in cattle under in vitro conditions. Based on the results obtained during the experiments, carried out under in vitro conditions it was found that 3.0% and 5.0% solutions of the deltatrine preparation destroy nematode eggs by 100%, and 3.0% and 5.0% solutions of the citrine preparation by 72.2-80.0%. In a concrete test object, with a 3-hour exposure, helminth eggs (1200 eggs) were destroyed by 100% from the impact of a 3.0% deltathrine preparation, by 63.6% from the impact of a 3.0% citrine solution (800 eggs), and by 58.3% from the impact of 4.0% phenol (700 eggs). Also on a wooden test object, with a 3-hour exposure, helminth eggs (1200 eggs) were destroyed by 100% from the impact of 3.0% deltathrine preparation, by 58.3% from the impact of a 3.0% citrine (700 eggs), and by 63.6% from the impact of 4.0% phenol solutions (600 eggs). For control purposes, ordinary water was added to the helminth eggs, and no decrease in their number was detected. At the next stage, having isolated them from other areas, 4 plots of 1 m2 each were allocated. For the purpose of the experiment, 93.3% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 3.0% solution of the deltatrine preparation, 66.7% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 3.0% solution of the citrine preparation, and 60.0% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 4.0% solution of phenol. Since under in vitro conditions, due to the direct effect of disinvasive substances on Nematodirus eggs, the eggs die quickly, however, in test objects, due to the fact that the eggs are mixed with feces on an area of 1 m2, the duration of action of chemicals increases, and the percentage of destruction of helminth eggs decreases.
Influence of Hydroponic Feed With Phytobiotic Action on the Poultry Slaughter Parameters
Authors: Hasanov M. , Quliyev A.
Published: March 2024

The article describes the study of feeding birds by adding fenugreek plants, licorice root, amaranth grains to the feed ration of chickens, which have a phytobiotic effect and hydroponic grown grains of corn, barley, amaranth and fenugreek, which have high nutritional qualities and influence on the slaughter performance of birds in farms and private farms. The main indicators of the slaughter yield of the products of slaughter of young hens are analyzed: slaughter live weight, the mass of non-stranded carcass, the mass of half-gutted carcasses, the mass of gutted carcasses, and also the slaughter yield. Studies have established that the live weight of broilers of the experimental group before slaughter is higher by 13.19% (p≤0.001), an indicator of the control group. The differences are established due to the positive influence of chelating microelements on the biochemical processes in the bird's body, which in turn leads to the effective assimilation of the nutritional components of the diet, as well as the feed supplement, do not cause changes in the clinical state, pathological changes at macro- and microscopic levels in the body of broiler chickens.
Development of Technical Schemes and Installations for Drying Agricultural Products and Obtaining their Powders using Solar Energy
Authors: Tashiev N.
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the development of a technical scheme for obtaining powders of agricultural products. This technology, developed by us using solar energy, takes into account the physical, mechanical, thermophysical properties of products, different periods of their ripening, as well as seasonal and daily changes in the density of solar radiation during the drying process of agricultural products. A technical scheme has been proposed for drying liquid-viscous agricultural products in solar drying installations of the radiation-convective type at different densities of solar radiation, i.e. at different times of the year, allowing products to be dried to low residual moisture to obtain their powders.
Results of Organization of Vaccination Against Viral Hepatitis in the Adult Population for 2023 on the Territory of Family Physician Group No. 2 Family Medicine Center of Jalal-Abad City, Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Temirova V. , Temirov N. , Abdurakhmanova U.
Published: March 2024

The article reflects the results of organizing express testing and vaccination against viral hepatitis B among the adult population of family physician group no. 2, family medicine center in the city of Jalal-Abad. During this period, n=317 (2.4%) people underwent express testing, of which n=307 (96.8%) had negative results; n=10 (3.2%) was identified, with positive results. results for viral hepatitis B. The coverage of the population for vaccination against parenteral viral hepatitis at the level of family physician groups is very low — the daily average load of the population visiting the testing point and vaccination point against parenteral viral hepatitis during the year averaged 2.5 people. During the year, the highest frequency of those vaccinated with the 1-2-3rd dose falls in the age group of 50-59 years (34.6 and 29.5 per 1000 population), and in second place are 40-49 years and 60 years and older (by 33.0 and 27.0 per 1000 population). Among those who applied for 1-2-3 vaccinations, a large proportion are made up of the non-working population (code-120), then in second place are persons examined for clinical and epidemiological indications (code-113). More women apply to receive vaccination against parenteral viral hepatitis — 63.6%, men — 36.4%.
The Therapeutic Action of the Leech Hirudo medicinalis
Authors: Tilyakhodjaeva G.
Published: March 2024

The article under discussion examines the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Today, studying the composition of the saliva of medicinal leeches is of the greatest relevance. The secretion of leech saliva contains a whole complex of biologically active substances — it contains more than a hundred medicinal components, enzymes, hormones, vitamins and amino acids, as well as a special substance hirudin, which makes the blood more fluid, which prevents the formation of unnecessary platelets. This is an indispensable way to prevent heart attacks, strokes and thrombosis. The author of the article believes that proof of the medicinal properties of specific components of saliva can lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic methods.
Eksplorasi Senyawa Penghambat Enzim Salisilat Sintase dari Mycobacterium tuberculosis melalui Studi Penambatan Molekul dan Prediksi Sifat ADME
Authors: Arfan Arfan , Muliadi Rahmat , Nur Rayani
Published: March 2024

The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has become a major issue in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, and needs to find and develop new efficient drugs for better TB control. This research aims to discover a potential MTB salicylate synthase inhibitor, which regulates mycobactin biosynthesis, to bind iron ions which facilitate bacteria to replicate by utilizing the molecular docking method. A total of 462 compounds were chosen from the Marine Natural Products database. The test compounds were filtered sequentially based on their molecular weight and binding affinity energy. After re-categorizing the parameters, such as predicted binding energies and molecular interactions, including hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions, compounds CMNPD18535 (xylogranatin H), CMNPD20622 (agallochoal O), CMNPD25719 (isoscutellarein 7-O-β-xyloside-2′′-O-sulfate), and CMNPD31560 (28-nor-olean-2a,3ß-dihydroxy-14,17-diene-16-one) were identified as hit compounds. These four compounds demonstrated the greatest ability to inhibit the salicylate synthase enzyme with binding energies of -10.33, -10.1, -10.03, and -9.76 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to RVE (native ligand), which exhibited binding energy of -8.15 kcal/mol. Overall, the hit compounds showed a relatively good safety profile and Lipinski criteria except for CMNPD20622 because it inhibits the enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, and CMNPD25719, which has excess donors and acceptors hydrogen, thus violating 2 Lipinski criteria as an oral drug. This research could be the first step toward identifying appropriate candidate compounds for further experimental investigation as an alternative to the MTB salicylate synthase inhibitors.
A Study on the Pride of Elderly Fishermen: From the Sense of Distance from Old Age
Authors: Matsuzaki Kasane
Published: March 2024

I have been conducting fieldwork in Mie Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the lives and fishing practices of elderly fishermen who fish in Ise Bay. This paper focuses on the initial interview with the head of a fishing union and a fisherman in his 90s (Mr. A). My research question at the time was how elderly fishermen were coping with their old age. However, they emphatically told me that Mr. A was in good health and had not aged at all. The purpose of this paper is to describe the way they introduced Mr. A. As the result, the following characteristics were observed. (1) On the topic of health, they try to dismiss old age as much as possible. (2) On the topic of the fishermen's skills, they positively acknowledge that Mr. A is old. These have already been pointed out in existing discussions too. But in addition to this, Mr. A also asserted that he is “easy-going” and “free” fisherman by admitting that he was frail due to his advanced age. This paper focuses on these three points and examines the aspect of his pride, which was constituted by their flexible sense of the distance from the image of old age.
The Past, Present, and Future Implications for Buddhist Nursing in Japan: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hohashi Naohiro , Watanabe Mikio , Watsuji Taketo , Wang Zhixia , Koide Junki
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to clarify the past, present, and future implications for Buddhist nursing in Japan through a review of literature. Using Ichushi-Web, the medical literature database in Japan, a search was undertaken for papers containing the keyword “Buddhist nursing,” resulting in 10 hits. These were carefully perused, contents extracted and then organized using the matrix method (Garrard, 2020). These were qualitatively described through discussions among five researchers. Buddhism was officially introduced to Japan in 538 CE, after which the practice of Chinese medicine began, also based on Buddhist thought. Japan’s oldest nursing book was written by the monk Ryochu around 1240 CE. From 1868, however, Buddhist nursing fell into disuse following Shinto’s establishment as the state religion. In 1885, nursing education began as a profession, and nurses began caring for the affluent. Terminal-stage patients have concerns about the meaning and purpose of life, as well as the afterlife, and Buddhist nursing is currently practiced in Vihara terminal care facilities. One problem, however, is that no system of certification of qualifications for Buddhist nurses presently exists. Nonetheless eight Buddhist nursing colleges or universities offer instruction in Buddhist nursing. Previous studies on Buddhist nursing have been insufficient to produce evidence. From a historical perspective in Japan, it is believed that the essence of Buddhism, which is “teachings to bring happiness to the living,” can be applied to nursing. We believe that Buddhist nursing can serve as one of the keys to solving nursing problems in a modern society that is fraught with difficulties.
Collective dynamics of actin and microtubule and its crosstalk mediated by FHDC1
Authors: Tong Chee San , Su Maohan , Sun He , Chua Xiang Le , Xiong Ding , Guo Su , Raj Ravin , Ong Nicole Wen Pei , Lee Ann Gie , Miao Yansong , Wu Min
Published: March 2024

The coordination between actin and microtubule network is crucial, yet this remains a challenging problem to dissect and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we used travelling waves in the cell cortex to characterize the collective dynamics of cytoskeletal networks. Our findings show that Cdc42 and F-BAR-dependent actin waves in mast cells are mainly driven by formin-mediated actin polymerization, with the microtubule-binding formin FH2 domain-containing protein 1 (FHDC1) as an early regulator. Knocking down FHDC1 inhibits actin wave formation, and this inhibition require FHDC1’s interaction with both microtubule and actin. The phase of microtubule depolymerization coincides with the nucleation of actin waves and microtubule stabilization inhibit actin waves, leading us to propose that microtubule shrinking and the concurrent release of FHDC1 locally regulate actin nucleation. Lastly, we show that FHDC1 is crucial for multiple cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Our data provided molecular insights into the nucleation mechanisms of actin waves and uncover an antagonistic interplay between microtubule and actin polymerization in their collective dynamics.
A case report of Vancomycin in the treatment of Q fever endocarditis
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zou Guangmei , Wang Qianli , Li Jiao
Published: March 2024

The patient, a 43-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital with gradually aggravated exertional palpitations and chest tightness over a 2-day period. Upon hospital admission, a cardiac ultrasound revealed aortic valve redundancy, however multiple blood culture investigations came back negative. Blood mNGS was perfected, revealing Coxiella burnetii, and the diagnosis of Q fever (query fever) was established. The temperature and inflammatory indices of the patient were all normal with the treatment of vancomycin before cardiac surgery. But for the potential liver damage of and the Coxiella burnetii was still positive in the anti-phase II IgG titer, the doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine instead of vancomycin were applied for the patient. Despite receiving standardized anti-infective therapy of doxycycline combined with hydroxychloroquine, this patient had fever and increased leukocytes following surgery. After the addition of vancomycin as an anti-infective treatment, the temperature and leukocytes improved quickly. During the treatment of vancomycin, a discovery of liver injury may have resulted. These findings provide new therapy options for future professionals.
Operational disruption in healthcare associated with software functionality issue due to software security patching: a case report
Authors: Jabin Md Shafiqur Rahman
Published: March 2024

Despite many benefits, the extensive deployment of Health Information Technology (HIT) systems by healthcare organizations has encountered many challenges, particularly in the field of telemetry concerning patient monitoring and its operational workflow. These challenges can add more layers of complexity when an unplanned software security patching is performed, affecting patient monitoring and causing disruption in daily clinical operations. This study is a reflection on what happened associated with software security patching and why it happened through the lens of an incident report to develop potential preventive and corrective strategies using qualitative analyses—inductive and deductive approaches. There is a need for such analyses to identify the underlying mechanism behind such issues since very limited research has been conducted on the study of software patching. The incident was classified as a “software functionality” issue, and the consequence was an “incident with a noticeable consequence but no patient harm”, and the contributing factor was a software update, i.e., software security patching. This report describes how insufficient planning of software patching, lack of training for healthcare professionals, contingency planning on unplanned system disruption, and HIT system configuration can compromise healthcare quality and cause risks to patient safety. We propose 15 preventive and corrective strategies grouped under four key areas based on the system approach and social-technical aspects of the patching process. The key areas are (i) preparing, developing, and deploying patches; (ii) training the frontline operators; (iii) ensuring contingency planning; and (iv) establishing configuration and communication between systems. These strategies are expected to minimize the risk of HIT-related incidents, enhance software security patch management in healthcare organizations, and improve patient safety. However, further discussion should be continued about general HIT problems connected to software security patching.
The effect of an extended culture period on birth weight among singletons born after single or double vitrified embryo transfer
Authors: Wang Ningling , Lin Kaibo , Zhao Xinxi , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2024

Aim

To evaluate the effect of an extended culture period on birth weight among singletons born after vitrified-warmed embryo transfer

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed among 12400 women who gave birth to 1015, 1027, 687, and 9671 singletons after single blastocyst transfer, single cleavage-stage embryo transfer, double blastocyst transfer, and double cleavage-stage embryo transfer, respectively.

Results

The unadjusted birth weight of singletons born after vitrified blastocyst transfer were heavier than those born after cleavage-stage transfer (β=30.28, SE=13.17, P=0.022), as were the adjusted birth weights (β=0.09, SE=0.03, P=0.007). In addition, there was a 37% increased odd of having an infant with high birth weight after vitrified blastocyst transfer compared with vitrified cleavage stage transfer (OR=1.37, 95% CI:1.07-1.77).

Conclusion

The unadjusted and adjusted birth weight and odds of having an infant with high birth weight significantly increased after blastocyst transfer compared with cleavage-stage embryo transfer in vitrified-warmed cycles.
The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ruikang , Peng Miaomiao , Zhang Jiaoyue , Qiu Kangli , Zeng Tianshu , Chen Lulu
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) had reported as a prominent role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases among Asians. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population.

Method

We searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase updated to Oct 30th, 2023. We extracted data of BMI, Hypertension, SBP, DBP, T2DM, FBG, PPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C.

Result

In total, 46 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis, containing, 54068 GG and, 36820 GA/AA participants. All outcomes related to blood pressure revealed significant results (hypertension OR=0.83 [0.80, 0.86]; SBP MD=-1.48 [-1.82, -1.14]; DBP MD=-1.09 [-1.58, -0.61]). FBG showed a significant difference (MD=-0.10 [-0.13, -0.07]), and the lipid resulted significantly in some outcomes (TG MD=-0.07 [-0.09, -0.04]; LDL-C MD=-0.04 [-0.05, -0.02]). As for subgroups analysis, we found that in populations without severe cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs), GG demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of T2DM (T2DM OR=0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), while the trend was totally opposite in population with severe CCVDs (T2DM OR=1.29 [1.00, 1.66]) with significant subgroup differences.

Conclusion

Our updated meta-analysis demonstrated that ALDH2 rs671 GG populations had significantly higher levels of BMI, blood pressure, FBG, TG, LDL-C and higher risk of hypertension than GA/AA populations. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, we first report GG had a higher risk of T2DM in population without severe CCVDs, and GA/AA had a higher risk of T2DM in population with severe CCVDs.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023389242.
We want you! Recruitment strategies for the success of a citizen science project on urban wildlife ecology
Authors: Schumann Anke , Greving Hannah , Bruckermann Till , Kimmerle Joachim , Harms Ute , Brandt Miriam
Published: March 2024

In this case study, we report on the recruitment of participants for a citizen science (CS) project on urban wildlife monitoring (about 860 participants), and the consequences of recruitment strategies for achieving the project goals. We describe the approach that we used to identify our target audience and to design the core message for the recruitment campaign. We searched for participants who were interested in wildlife and in the scientific research process. We based the recruitment campaign on the appeal of discovering wildlife in people’s immediate surroundings. Recruitment was successful in terms of the number of applications we received. Participants’ interests reflected their focus on wildlife, and we discuss how this was reflected in their engagement. We use this case study to highlight the importance of deliberately designing recruitment strategies for CS projects. Such strategies will have implications for participants’ motivation and ultimately may influence their contributions to the project.
Storm surge risk assessment and sensitivity analysis based on multiple criteria decision-making methods: a case study of Huizhou City
Authors: Wei Wei , Huang Shining , Qin Hao , Yu Lichen , Mu Lin
Published: March 2024

Coastal areas face escalating storm surge disasters due to rising sea levels and urban growth, posing greater risks to lives and property. Comprehensive storm surge risk assessment and sensitivity analysis in coastal areas are crucial for effective disaster prevention and mitigation. This research focuses on Huizhou, China, conducting a comparative study of storm surge risk assessment and sensitivity analysis based on an integrated approach, which includes the storm surge inundation numerical model (FVCOM-SWAN), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques, and Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. Ten flood-related risk indicators are selected from the hazard, exposure and vulnerability, the weights of which are evaluated through a comprehensive comparison among Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Entropy Weight (EW), AHP-EW, and FAHP-EW methods. High-precision risk level maps are generated subsequently utilizing GIS and RS techniques. Sensitivities of the indicators are analyzed using One-At-A-Time (OAT) and Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) methods. The proposed storm surge risk assessment framework, the MCDM comparative study and the sensitivity analysis can offer insights for better understanding and management of storm surge risks, and contribute to the standardization and application of storm surge risk assessment.
Experimental study on the disintegration behavior and mechanism of red-bed mudstone in guangxi, China
Authors: Luo Tingyi , Zhang Qingsong , Gui Chong , Tang Yasen , Zhou Shijie , Wang Yuting
Published: March 2024

Red-bed mudstone (RBM) has the characteristics of being easily softened and disintegrated under dry and wet cycles. To investigate the weakening and disintegration characteristics of the RBM, typical mudstone from Guangxi highway slope was taken as the research object in this study. Disintegration tests, water chemistry tests, and microscopic tests were performed to investigate the disintegration mechanism of this RBM. The results indicate that the RBM exhibits strong disintegration, releasing soluble salts such as potassium chloride and sulfates during the disintegration process. The hydrolysis of clay minerals is the main cause of changes in ion concentration in the solution. Throughout the dry and wet cycles, the proportion of macro-pores and meso-pores significantly increases, while the percentage of small and micro-pores gradually decreases. Under the influence of dry and wet cycles, the contact area between particles gradually decreases, transitioning from face-to-face contact to face-edge contact and finally to edge-to-edge contact. These research findings provide a basis for the stability analysis and prevention of landslide hazards in the red-bed soft rock areas.
Thermal-Aeroelastic Investigation of a Hypersonic Panel Vibration Based on a Developed MMC Method
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Bai Yuguang , Zhang Youwei , Zhao Dan
Published: March 2024

Hypersonic vehicles or engines usually employ complex thermal protecting shells. This sometimes brings multi-physics difficulties, e.g., thermal-aeroelastic problems like panel flutter etc. This paper aims to propose a novel optimization method versus thermal dynamic influence on panel vibration. A traditional panel structure was modelled and analyzed. After analyzing its dynamic characteristics of panel flutter, thermal effects were also included to propose thermal-aeroelastic analysis results of the present hypersonic panel. Then, a MMC (Moving Morphable Component) method was proposed to suggest dynamic optimization for such panel structures. The proposed method can provide arbitrary frequency control result in order to suggest a newly generated panel structure. Based on the optimal structures, dynamic analysis was presented again to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method. So aero-thermo-dynamic characteristics of the optimal panel structures could be investigated. It can be seen that the computational results presented significantly improved panel flutter results. The proposed dynamic optimization method can be employed for the design of panel structures versus high combustion temperatures or hypersonic aerodynamics.
Biogenic Amine Formation in Artisan Galotyri PDO Acid-Curd Cheeses Fermented with Greek Indigenous Starter and Adjunct Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Combinations: Effects of Cold (4 °C) Ripening and Biotic Factors Compromising Cheese Safety
Authors: Tsanasidou Charikleia , Bosnea Loulouda , Kakouri Athanasia , Samelis John
Published: March 2024

The formation of biogenic amines (BAs) in artisan Galotyri PDO cheeses fermented with Sterptococcus thermophilus ST1 and the Greek indigenous nisin A-producing Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris M78 (A1cheese), or with the A1 starter supplemented with either the enterocin A-B-P-producing Enterococcus faecium KE82 (A2cheese) or the multi-functional Lactiplantibacillus plantarum H25 (A4cheese) adjunct strains was evaluated. Three pilot-scale cheese trials, GL1, GL2, and GL3, made from boiled ewes’ milk, were analyzed for their BA contents before and after cold ripening at 4 °C for 30 days. Total BAs of the fresh GL1 and GL3 cheeses (pH 4.3–4.5) were below 50 mg/kg, except for the A1/GL1 and A1/GL3 cheeses, which contained ca. 300 mg/kg (81.2% histamine) and 1250 mg/kg (45.6% putrescine) BAs, respectively. Whereas due to an outgrowth (>7 log cfu/g) of post-thermal Gram-negative bacteria contaminants during fermentation, most fresh GL2 cheeses (pH 4.7–5.0) accumulated more than 1500 mg/kg of total BAs, which exceeded 3800 mg/kg in all GL2 cold-ripened cheeses due to major increases in cadaverine and putrescine. Tyramine and histamine exceeded 500 mg/kg in the fresh A1/GL2cheeses. Conversely, total BAs remained or declined below 50 mg/kg in all cold-ripened GL3 cheeses. None of the starter or adjunct cultures could be correlated with a specific BA increase, despite E. faecium KE82, which increased at 7.6–9.2 log cfu/g in the A2 cheeses is a strong tyramine producer in culture BA broth with 1% tyrosine in vitro. The adoption of strict hygienic measures during artisan Galotyri PDO cheese production (trial GL3) enabled the best performance of all starter LAB strain combinations and reduced BA formation, whereas the high presence of Gram-negative decarboxylating bacteria contaminants compromised cheese (trial GL2) safety.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Cerebral Findings in Drug and Alcohol Abusers: The Point of View of the Forensic Pathologist
Authors: Montana Angelo , Alfieri Letizia , Neri Margherita , Piano Denise , Renier Eva , Marti Matteo , Palpacelli Marco , Basile Giuseppe , Tossetta Giovanni , Busardò Francesco Paolo
Published: March 2024

Drug abuse still represents a significant challenge for forensic pathologists; it must always be considered during the autopsy examination when the brain morphological alterations observed are not characteristic of any known disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Nonetheless, no specific brain lesions had been found to characterize the precise drug that caused the poisoning. In fact, a broad spectrum of changes affecting the CNS are seen in drug abusers. Thus, forensic pathology plays a key role in identifying the encephalic morphological alterations underlying the death. The aim of this review is to present an updated overview of the literature regarding the correlation between the main substances of abuse and the morphological alterations of the CNS to help the forensic pathologist to discriminate drug-induced alterations of the brain. The authors used the PRISMA criteriology to perform the bibliographic search for the present review. Among the articles identified according to the selected search criteria, 116 articles were chosen which allow us to define a picture of the main macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the brain in drug abuse.
Linking Periodontitis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease through the Oral–Gut Axis: The Potential Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Li Yilin , Zhang Jun , Feng Qiang
Published: March 2024

Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases that are characterized by abnormal host immune responses and microbiota dysbiosis. Emerging evidence implies potential associations between periodontitis and IBD. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a primary cause of periodontitis, is thought to play a role in the development of IBD through the oral–gut disease axis. However, the precise mechanisms of its involvement remain enigmatic. In this narrative review, we begin with a discussion of the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and IBD and the involvement of P. gingivalis in each of the two diseases. Further, we summarize the possible routes by which P. gingivalis links periodontitis and IBD through the oral–gut axis, as well as the underlying mechanisms of its involvement in the pathogenesis of IBD. Collectively, P. gingivalis participates in the progression of IBD through gut dysbiosis, impairment of the intestinal barrier, release of inflammatory mediators, and disturbance of the immune response. The above findings may provide new insights for exploring novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches for IBD.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce the Extracellular Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated TLR9 Activation in Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Kim Young Eun , Ahn So Yoon , Sung Se In , Yang Misun , Sung Dong Kyung , Park Won Soon , Chang Yun Sil
Published: March 2024

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from dead or injured cells can activate inflammation, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation can reduce inflammation and injury. However, it has not been tested whether the release of mtDNA can be reduced by MSC transplantation. We hypothesized that the level of extracellular mtDNA would be increased after hyperoxia-induced lung injury but reduced after lung injury attenuation by MSC therapy in our newborn rat model. In an in vitro study using a rat lung epithelial L2 cell line, we found that the level of extracellular mtDNA was significantly increased with H2O2-induced cell death but reduced after MSC co-incubation. In an in vivo study, we confirmed that the levels of cell death, extracellular mtDNA, and inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in hyperoxic newborn rat lungs but reduced after MSC transplantation. The levels of extracellular mtDNA were significantly and positively correlated with the levels of the inflammatory cytokines. The TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, which is activated by binding to mtDNA, was also significantly upregulated but downregulated after MSC transplantation. We found a significant positive correlation between inflammatory cytokines and extracellular mtDNA in intubated neonates. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and extracellular mtDNA changed over time in a similar pattern in transtracheal aspirate samples from intubated neonates. In conclusion, increased levels of extracellular mtDNA are associated with increased inflammation in hyperoxia-induced lung injury, and attenuation of lung inflammation by MSC therapy is associated with reduced levels of extracellular mtDNA.
Extension of the Voronoi Diagram Algorithm to Orthotropic Space for Material Structural Design
Authors: Bolshakov Pavel , Kharin Nikita , Agathonov Alexander , Kalinin Evgeniy , Sachenkov Oskar
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, the interaction of additive technologies and methods for designing or optimizing porous structures has yielded good results. Construction with complex microarchitectures can be created using this approach. Varying the microarchitecture leads to changes in weight and mechanical properties. However, there are problems with geometry reconstruction when dealing with complex microarchitecture. One approach is to use Voronoi cells for geometry reconstruction. In this article, an extension of the Voronoi diagram algorithm to orthotropic space for material structural design is presented. The inputs for the method include porosity, ellipticity, and ellipticity direction fields. As an example, a beam with fixed end faces and center kinematic loading was used. To estimate robust results for different numbers of clusters, 50, 75, and 100 clusters are presented. The porosity for smoothed structures ranged from 21.5% up to 22.8%. The stress–strain state was determined for the resulting structures. The stiffness for the initial and smoothed structures was the same. However, in the case of 75 and 100 clusters, local stress factors appeared in the smoothed structure. The maximum von Mises stress decreased by 20% for all smoothed structures in the area of kinematic loading and increased by 20% for all smoothed structures in the area of end faces.
Food Finding Test without Deprivation: A Sensorial Paradigm Sensitive to Sex, Genotype, and Isolation Shows Signatures of Derangements in Old Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Normal Aging
Authors: Marín-Pardo Daniela , Giménez-Llort Lydia
Published: March 2024

The Food Finding Test (FFT) olfactory paradigm without overnight food deprivation examined olfaction in aged (16-months-old) animals. Ethograms of three goal-directed behaviors towards hidden food (sniffing, finding and eating) elicited in male and female 3xTg-AD mice for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their age-matched C57BL/6 wild-type counterparts with normal aging were meticulously analyzed with the support of video recordings. The new FFT protocol elicited longer ethograms than previously reported with the standard deprivation protocol. However, it was sensitive when identifying genotype- and sex-dependent olfactory signatures for the temporal patterns of slow sniffing, finding, and eating in AD and males, but it had a striking consistency in females. The impact of forced social isolation was studied and it was found to exert sex-dependent modifications of the ethogram, mostly in males. Still, in both sexes, a functional derangement was detected since the internal correlations among the behaviors decreased or were lost under isolated conditions. In conclusion, the new paradigm without overnight deprivation was sensitive to sex (males), genotype (AD), and social context (isolation-dependent changes) in its ethogram and functional correlation. At the translational level, it is a warning about the impact of isolation in the advanced stages of the disease, paying notable attention to the male sex.
Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors following Disease Progression or Relapse
Authors: Livanou Maria Effrosyni , Nikolaidou Vasiliki , Skouras Vasileios , Fiste Oraianthi , Kotteas Elias
Published: March 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are at the forefront of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Still, only 27–46% of patients respond to initial therapy with ICIs, and of those, up to 65% develop resistance within four years. After disease progression (PD), treatment options are limited, with 10% Objective Response Rate (ORR) to second or third-line chemotherapy. In this context, ICI rechallenge is an appealing option for NSCLC. Most data on the efficacy of ICI rechallenge are based on retrospective real-world studies of small, heavily pretreated, and heterogeneous patient groups. Despite these limitations, these studies suggest that ICI monotherapy rechallenge in unselected NSCLC patient populations who discontinued initial ICI due to PD is generally ineffective, with a median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of 1.6–3.1 months and a Disease Control Rate (DCR) of 21.4–41.6%. However, there is a subpopulation that benefits from this strategy, and further characterization of this subgroup is essential. Furthermore, immunotherapy rechallenge in patients who discontinued initial immunotherapy following treatment protocol completion and progressed after an immunotherapy-free interval showed promising efficacy, with a DCR of 75–81%, according to post hoc analyses of several clinical trials. Future research on ICI rechallenge for NSCLC should focus on better patient stratification to reflect the underlying biology of immunotherapy resistance more accurately. In this review, we summarize evidence regarding rechallenge immunotherapy efficacy following NSCLC disease progression or relapse, as well as ongoing trials on immunotherapy rechallenge.