bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLICAÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO DIRETAMENTE OBSERVADO PARA PACIENTES COM TUBERCULOSE DROGARRESISTENTE: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Lins de Oliveira Jéssica , Caroline Cavalcante de Menezes Ana , Mendes e Silva Valdízia , de Paula Rêgo Graciano Luz Aline , Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de Figueiredo Tânia
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento e aplicação do tratamento diretamente observado em casos de pacientes com tuberculose drogarresistente. Métodos: trata-se de um relato das experiências vivenciadas por acadêmicas de Enfermagem na execução do tratamento diretamente observado a pacientes com tuberculose drogarresistente desde o ano de 2018 até fevereiro de 2020. As informações contidas nos relatos foram adquiridas por meio de prontuários do serviço municipal e pela documentação estruturada mensalmente pelas extensionistas em planilhas do Microsoft Office 2016 durante o acompanhamento dos doentes. Resultados: A.A.M. 68 anos, tabagista e ex-etilista, resistente à Isoniazida e Estreptomicina, 18 meses de tratamento, mostrou-se muito receptivo com a equipe do Tratamento Diretamente Observado, seguindo as orientações passadas e contribuindo positivamente durante o tratamento, apresentando desfecho por cura e alta com exames satisfatórios. A.A.C 64 anos, etilista, tabagista ativo, resistente à Rifampicina, Isoniazida, Pirazinamida e Estreptomicina, 24 meses de tratamento, apresentou ausência de medidas de autocuidado, negação do diagnóstico, baixa adesão, uso de álcool e tabaco e rede de apoio insuficiente, segue no 19º mês de tratamento. Conclusão: São necessárias medidas de apoio para desestimular o uso do álcool e tabaco através de estratégias e ações multiprofissionais, com vistas no controle da combinação do uso de substâncias com a doença. Além disso, observa-se a necessidade de ações governamentais e intersetoriais que estimulem o combate e controle da TB na Atenção Primária estimulando a criação de vínculo do paciente com a unidade de saúde.

Palavras chave: Tuberculose; Tuberculose Farmacorresistente; Saúde Pública; Adesão à Medicação.
Os Registros Semióticos em equações do primeiro grau: uma análise sobre livros didáticos do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Pires Vanessa da Silva , Rodriguês Jeremias Stein
Published: September 2020

A abordagem do conceito de equações do primeiro grau com uma incógnita em livros didáticos, do Ensino Fundamental, viabiliza o acesso e a aprendizagem do objeto matemático com base nas perspectivas da Teoria de Registros de Representação Semiótica (TRRS)? Para isso, tomamos como objetivo analisar livros didáticos de forma a verificar se o uso das representações empregadas no conteúdo de equações do primeiro grau, no sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental, vai ao encontro dos princípios de aprendizagem da TRRS. Deste modo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em três livros didáticos de Matemática do sétimo do Ensino Fundamental, listados pelo PNLD 2017. A análise do material foi feita em conjunto com a TRRS, de Raymond Duval, na qual se afirma que na aprendizagem da Matemática a compreensão do saber tem relação direta com a coordenação das representações do objeto matemático. Analisamos então as representações semióticas das equações do primeiro grau em cada livro e como estas, assim como os procedimentos cognitivos da teoria, foram utilizadas. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a utilização dos registros de representação semiótica poderia ser abordada de uma forma mais completa, de modo que o livro melhor auxilie no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Aeroelastic flutter energy harvesting performance from piezoelectric fiber composite array using Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Pb(Ni,Nb)O3 laminates
Authors: Lee Min-Seon , Na Yong-Hyeon , Park Jin-Woo , Jeong Young Hun
Published: September 2020

Macro-fiber composites (MFC) using the 0.23PbZrO3-0.36PbTiO3-0.41Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZ-PT-PNN) ceramic were fabricated for aeroelastic flutter energy harvesters. The microstructure of the MFC driven in a transversal mode was analyzed and the performance of a cantilever array consisting of five MFC cantilevers was demonstrated to harvest fluttering energy against the wind. The Ag-coated PZ-PT-PNN ceramic with good piezoelectric properties of d
33 (703 pC N–
1) and k
p (67.7%) was laminated by an approximately 107 um thick film for the completion of the MFC sandwiched between Cu interdigitated-electrode patterned polyimide films. The MFC was enhanced by attaching it onto an elastic substrate (SUS304) for better strain energy transformed from wind energy. It was shown that excellent energy harvesting performance of 0.14 mW cm−3 under 100 kΩ could be obtained at a wind speed of 10 m s−1, implying high potential for use in aeroelastic flutter harvester applications.
Blockchain and COVID-19 Pandemic: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Ahmad Raja Wasim , Salah Khaled , Jayaraman Raja , Yaqoob Ibrar , Ellahham Samer , Omar Mohammed
Published: September 2020

The year 2020 has witnessed the emergence of coronavirus (COVID-19) that has rapidly spread and adversely affected the global economy, health, and human lives. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of existing healthcare systems regarding their inadequacy to timely and efficiently handle public health emergencies. A large portion of today's healthcare systems are centralized and fall short in providing necessary information security and privacy, data immutability, transparency, and traceability features to detect fraud related to COVID-19 vaccination certification, and anti-body testing. Blockchain technology can assist in combating the COVID-19 pandemic by ensuring safe and reliable medical supplies, accurate identification of virus hot spots, and establishing data provenance to verify the genuineness of personal protective equipment. This paper discusses the potential blockchain applications for the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents the high-level design of three blockchain-based systems to enable governments and medical professionals to efficiently handle health emergencies caused by COVID-19. It discusses the important ongoing blockchain-based research projects, use cases, and case studies to demonstrate the adoption of blockchain technology for COVID-19. Finally, it identifies and discusses future research challenges, along with their key causes and guidelines.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DAUN CABE RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rahim Abdul Rahim
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus is a normal bacterial flora found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can also overgrow and invade under certain conditions, act as pathogenic bacteria that cause various diseases or disorders in the body, one of which is a respiratory tract infection. The cayenne pepper plant is widely used by people in the cayenne pepper fruit section as a spice ingredient in various traditional dishes, however, the cayenne pepper leaves are still not widely used. Cayenne pepper leaves contain saponin and phenol group compounds, namely flavonoids, which have inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the most active fraction inhibiting the growth of staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro. It carried testing the antibacterial activity of the test plants out by the solid diffusion method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract fraction from cayenne pepper leaves (Capsicum frutescent L.) Was the most active antibacterial fraction against staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a minimum inhibitory level (MIC) of 10% w / v with a very strong category.
Perbedaan Penurunan Jumlah Koloni Candida Albicans Antara Pemberian Cebokan Rebusan Biji Manjakani Dan Daun Sirih Merah Pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) Yang Mengalami Keputihan
Authors: Fitria Lia , Shahib M. Nurhalim , Sastramihardja Herri
Published: September 2020

Keputihan merupakan salah satu keluhan yang paling umum terjadi pada wanita usia reproduksi dan terjadi 80% pada usia 15-45 tahun. Salah satu tanaman herbal untuk mengatasi keputihan adalah biji manjakani (Quercus infectoria Gall) dan daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum). Biji manjakani dan daun sirih merah memiliki kandungan flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid dan kuinon yang diyakini sebagai antibakteri dan antijamur. Penelitian ini merupakan studi Kuasi Eksperimen dengan non equivalent (pretest dan posttest) control group design, dengan sampel berjumlah 28 responden. Hasil penelitian perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni Candida albicans antara pemberian cebokan rebusan biji manjakani dan sirih merah secara statistik tidak bermakna dengan nilai p=0,062 (p>0,05), dan perbedaan penurunan keluhan keputihan antara pemberian cebokan rebusan biji manjakani dan sirih merah secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni Candida albicans antara pemberian cebokan rebusan biji manjakani dan daun sirih merah pada wanita usia subur (wus) yang mengalami keluhan keputihan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI DIWILAYAH PEDESAAN PROVINSI BANTEN (ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2017)
Authors: Ismiyati Ismiyati , Nugraha Deden Gumilar
Published: September 2020

Keluarga Berencana dapat mencegah penyebab kematian ibu sekitar 28%−30% kehamilan dengan risiko tinggi. penggunaan kontrasepsi modern mengalami penurunan. Penggunaan tersebut pada tahun 2012 tercatat sekitar 57,9% sedangkan di tahun 2017 tercatat 57,2%. Pemakaian kontrasepsi modern di Provinsi Banten tercatat 57,3%.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah sampel 221 wanita usia subur dari Data SDKI 2017. Hasil Penelitian di dapatkan bahwa kontrasepsi modern menjadi pilihan utama wanita usia subur. Penggunaan kontrasepsi tersebut tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor tertentu.
Anger contributes to the spread of COVID-19 misinformation
Authors: Han Jiyoung , Cha Meeyoung , Lee Wonjae
Published: September 2020

A survey conducted over South Korean adults (N=513) reveals that emotions, specifically anger, contribute to the broader spread of misinformation on COVID-19 by leading angry individuals to consider false claims to be “scientifically credible.” This pattern is more evident among conservatives than liberals. Our finding sheds light on new measures and journalistic interventions that could alleviate the public’s anger and foster science-based conversations during a public health crisis.
PENGGUNAAN OBAT RASIONAL-SWAMEDIKASI PADA KADER PUSKESMAS SEMATANG BORANG PALEMBANG
Authors: Saleh Irsan
Published: September 2020

Pengobatan sendiri atau swamedikasi (self medication) merupakan upaya yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk mengatasi keluhan atau gejala penyakit, sebelum mereka memutuskan untuk mencari pertolongan ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan/tenaga kesehatan. Lebih dari 60% masyarakat mempraktekkan self-medication ini, dan lebih dari 80% di antara mereka mengandalkan obat modern (Flora, 1991). Berdasarkan hasil diskusi, permasalahan bagi kader puskesmas dalam mengembangkan swamedikasi bagi masyarakat di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sematang Borang Palembang adalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat. Solusi yang ditawarkan antara lain adalah penyuluhan guna meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji pretest. Pada akhir penyuluhan dilakukan postest. Dari hasil penyuluhan ini didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dengan jumlah jawaban benar untuk masing-masing komponen mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan saat sebelum penyuluhan.
PELATIHAN DAN PEMBIMBINGAN PEMBUATAN MODUL BAGI GURU KIMIA SMA DI LUBUKLINGGAU, MUSIRAWAS DAN MUSIRAWAS UTARA
Authors: Rachman Fuad Abdul
Published: September 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pengembangan modul pembelajaran ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pengembangan modul pembelajaran yang baik. Khalayak sasaran dalam kegiatan PPM ini adalah guru Kimia SMA Lubuklinggau, Musirawas dan Musirawas Utara yang berjumlah 5 orang. Pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pengembangan modul pembelajaran dilakukan dengan kegiatan workshop. Workshop diawali dengan pemberian materi untuk menjelaskan modul pembelajaran. Selanjutnya metode latihan untuk mempraktikkan pembuatan modul yang baik. Sementara metode tanya jawab untuk memberi kesempatan para peserta berkonsultasi dalam mengatasi kendala dalam pengembangan modul pembelajaran. Ketersediaan tenaga ahli yang memadai dalam pengembangan modul pembelajaran di Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Unsri, antusiasme peserta, dan dana pendukung dari Universitas merupakan pendukung terlaksananya kegiatan PPM ini. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi adalah para guru belum memiliki pengetahuan awal tentang modul dan keterbatasan waktu untuk pelatihan. Manfaat yang dapat diperoleh peserta dari kegiatan PPM ini antara lain dapat menyusun dan mengembangkan modul pembelajaran
PELATIHAN SOFTWARE R UNTUK ANALISIS STATISTIK1
Authors: Hanum Herlina
Published: September 2020

R is a very useful software in statistical analysis. Its open-source nature makes it easy for users to download and use it freely. Its relatively small size allows R to be installed and used on a laptop because it doesn't use much laptop memory. Users are also facilitated to learn statistical analysis using R because there are many learning resources available which are also easily accessible. But the existence and ease of this has not been widely known by users of statistical analysis. To further introduce R to the public using statistical analysis, R training was conducted through the community service program (PPM) of Sriwijaya University. In this training, the introduction of R along with its potential use and development was carried out in statistical analysis. Participants were guided while practicing. The material studied included downloading and installing R, adding packages, calling data, naming and determining variable values, as well as some simple statistical analyzes. Statistical analysis studied descriptive, regression, and ANOVA. During training, participants can already download, install, and use R in accordance with the training material. For further use according to the needs of the participants, they are given some reference materials contained in a flash disk. In addition participants were also shown how to search for the required syntax via the internet.
SOSIALISASI ALAT PENCACAH DAUN MAKANAN TERNAK UNTUK KELOMPOK PETERNAK SAPI DI DESA TANJUNG PERING KECAMATAN INDRALAYA KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Yanis Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat di desa Tanjung Pering Kecamatan Indralaya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mensosialisasikan sebuah teknologi tepat guna kepada masyarakat beternak sapi yang berada di perbatasan dengan kampus Indralaya. Desa ini merupakan salah satu desa sekitar kampus Indralaya yang masyarakatnya beternak sapi dengan cara mengembalakan ternaknya dilepas ke lingkungan yang banyak rerumputan. Dalam menghasilkan sapi yang sehat dan gemuk sebagai sapi yang akan dijual (sapi pembiakan) ataupun dalam bentuk daging sapi serta untuk pemanfaatan kotoran sapi untuk pupuk, maka dilakukan sosialisasi alat pencacah rerumputan makanan sapi kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan sosialisasi berupa paparan tentang tema pengabdian mengenai berbagai jenis rerumputan dan alternatif makanan sapi yang bergizi, praktek menggunakan alat pencacah yang dibuat dan hal lain tentang sekitar beternak sapi serta manajemennya. Kegiatan telah berhasil dilakukan dengan baik yang dibuktikan antusiasnya masyarakat mengikuti kegiatan dan pertanyaan yang diajukan kepada tim pelaksana. Teknologi alat pencacah daun ini dapat dikategorikan Teknologi Tepat Guna karena peralatannya sederhana, murah, dan inovatif.
PELATIHAN SISKEUDES (SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA) BAGI PERANGKAT DESA TLANGOH KECAMATAN TANJUNGBUMI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN JAWA TIMUR
Authors: . Zainuddin
Published: September 2020

Tujuan kegiatan PKM pelatihan SISKEUDES (Sistem Keuangan Desa) Desa Tlangoh Kecamatan Tanjungbumi Kabupaten Bangkalan Jawa Timur adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan perangkat desa dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa dengan aplikasi SISKEUDES. Masalah utama Desa Tlangoh  adalah pengetahuan dan keterampilan perangkat desa tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa masih rendah. Pada umumnya operator desa yang melaksanakan administrasi desa antara lain membuat perencanaan, penganggaran, penatausahaan dan pembukuan. Metode pendekatan yang ditawarkan untuk mencapai target luaran adalah  pelatihan  SISKEUDES bagi perangkat desa Desa Tlangoh. Hasil PKM ini adalah  meningkatnya pemahaman dan  keterampilan  perangkat desa Tlangoh antara lain perencanaan, penganggaran, penatausahan dan pembukuan keuangan desa.
PERCONTOHAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT PENTING PADA TANAMAN DUKU DI KECAMATAN SIRAH PULAU PADANG KABUPATEN OKI
Authors: Umayah Abu
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat tani di Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang Ogan Komering Ilir belum melaksanakan cara budidaya dan pengelolaan penyakit-penyakit penting pada tanaman dukunya dengan baik, oleh karenanya pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memberikan penyuluhan, pembimbingan, percontohan cara budidaya dan pemeliharaan tanaman serta pengelolaan penyakit penting pada tanaman duku. Setelah mengikuti penyuluhan, pendampingan, dan peragaan cara budidaya tanaman dan pengelolaan penyakit-penyakit penting pada tanaman duku, penduduk di desa Bungin Tinggi telah mengetahui pentingnya menerapkan cara budidaya dan pengelolaan penyakit tanaman duku dengan efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Pemeliharaan tanaman duku harus dilakukan untuk menjaga pertumbuhan tanaman duku selalu dalam keadaan sehat dan produksinya tetap tinggi dari tahun ke tahun, adalah dengan selalu melakukan penyiangan gulma, pemupukan dengan pupuk hayati dan pengendalian penyakit menggunakan pestisida organik atau biopestisida yang diaplikasikan dengan cara infus akar.
Local Currencies Versus the Level of Economic Security of the Region During the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Stępnicka Nina , Wiączek Paulina , Brzozowiec Dariusz
Published: September 2020

Local currencies are tools typical of the social economy, affecting the real economy and serving as an instrument for reducing instability, including economic fluctuations, especially in times of crisis, difficult economic situation, etc. They are an alternative to national currencies, but they also help to support local traders. An example of a local currency is the Zielony Polish Local Currency introduced by the group of enthusiasts in 2015. Local currencies contribute to building the local community, supporting cooperative activity and the local economy, and promoting sustainable development. They also protect local communities from the negative consequences of economic fluctuations. The aim of the work is to determine the impact of local currencies on increasing the level of economic security of the region especially during periods of economic security risks, e.g. in the context of the epidemic risk caused by COVID-19. The work is theoretical. The methods used in the work are: critical literature analysis and statistical method.
Nepageidaujamos imuninės reakcijos vartojant antikoaguliantus
Authors: Gasiūnienė Edita
Published: September 2020

Antikoaguliantai yra plati medikamentų grupė, priklausanti skirtingoms farmakologinėms grupėms, turinti skirtingus veikimo mechanizmus ir galinti sukelti skirtingas nepageidaujamas imunines reakcijas. Nors antikoaguliantai retai sukelia alergines reakcijas, tačiau jos gali būti sunkios ir kelti pavojų gyvybei. Dažniausiai pasireiškia lėtosios padidėjusio jautrumo reakcijos, rečiau – II tipo (heparino indukuota trombocitopenija) bei greitojo tipo padidėjusio jautrumo reakcijos. Nepageidaujamų imuninių reakcijų antikoaguliantams diagnostika remiasi būdingais klinikiniais požymiais, odos alerginiais mėginiais bei provokaciniais mėginiais.
Tinkamo inhaliatoriaus ir vaistų derinio parinkimas – lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos gydymo pagrindas
Authors: Ankudavičius Vytautas
Published: September 2020

Lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL)medikamentinio gydymo pagrindas yra įkvepiamieji bronchus plečiantys vaistai. Tačiau, parenkant gydymą, svarbu ne tik pritaikyti tinkamiausią vaistą arba vaistų derinį, laiku skirti gydymą arba jį intensyvinti, bet ir parinkti pacientui labiausiai tinkamą inhaliatorių. Tiotropio/olodaterolio tyrimai įrodė gydymo deriniu, palyginus sumonoterapija, pranašumą gerinant plaučių funkciją,mažinant simptomus, hiperinfliaciją, didinant fizinį aktyvumą ir ištvermę, retinant LOPL paūmėjimus, patvirtino ankstyvojo gydymo dviejų bronchus plečiančių vaistų deriniu naudą, išlaikė panašų saugumo profilį bei užtikrino geresnę pacientų gyvenimo kokybę. Respimat® smulkią miglą sukuriantis inhaliatorius – tai unikalus prietaisas, generuojantis lėtai judančią, švelnią ir ilgai išliekančią dulksną bei užtikrinantis ypač didelę vaisto dalelių depoziciją smulkiausiuose kvėpavimo takuose bei visą parą trunkančią bronchodiliataciją. Kartotinio naudojimo Respimat®, kurį galima naudoti su šešiais užtaisais, reikšmingai prisideda prie aplinkos taršos mažinimo.
Alergija katėms ir šunims
Authors: Leišytė Palmira
Published: September 2020

Alergija naminiams gyvūnams yra viena dažniausių alerginės astmos ir alerginio rinokonjunktivito priežasčių. Daugėjant namuose laikomų kačių ir šunų, jų alergenų daugėja ir viešosiose erdvėse, o tai prisideda prie įsijautrinimo šiems gyvūnams ir alergijos dažnėjimo. Šiai alergijai būdingi respiraciniai sindromai (alerginė sloga ir astma), tačiau labai retai gali įvykti anafilaksinės reakcijos. Šiuo metu žinomi aštuoni kačių ir septyni šunų alergenai. Alergijai diagnozuoti dažnai pakanka anamnestinių duomenų, o įsijautrinimui patvirtinti – alerginio odos dūrio mėginio arba specifinio IgE nustatymo su alergenų ekstraktais. Esant dauginiam įsijautrinimui, reikėtų pasvarstyti apie molekulinės diagnostikos galimybes nustatant pirminį įsijautrinimą bei kryžmines reakcijas.
Unabated Corruption in the Government of Nigeria Despite the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission: Who Bells the Cat?
Authors: PAUL SALISU OJONEMI , Ofuebe Prof. Chikelue
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the different dimensions and continuous corrupt practices in the federal government of Nigeria amidst President Buhari administration’s anti-corruption songs and war (2015 – date). It is observed that the menaces of infrastructural deficits are persistent and unabated due to billions of dollars that are carted away by both political and public office holders on a seasonal basis, and misfit appointment of public officials popularly referred to as ‘favoritism’ and the ‘lopsidedness.’ The study which is qualitative with data gathered from secondary sources. The paper found the fact that political and public office holders across administrations in Nigeria perceived corruption as a worthwhile venture despite the campaign against corruption. It is also noticed that the EFCC created to lead the anti-corruption war only barks without biting. The study advocated, among others, that the National Assembly should immediately reevaluate and review the Nigerian administration of the criminal justice system.
Theological Issues that Arise Out of Odwira Sacrifices
Authors: Afriyie Ernestina
Published: September 2020

Some Christians claim that after the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross, the ultimate sacrifice; no other sacrifice is needed by the Christian. This paper examines some of the sacrifices made as part of the celebration of the Okuapehene Dwira(Odwira), a festival celebrated by the Akuapem of Ghana. It looks at how the sacrifices are made and their significance. It also examines theologically the sacrifice of Christ and what it has achieved for the believer. The paper is based on observations of the festival, interviews with traditional leaders as well as the ordinary people in Akropong. Responses given to a questionnaire on the festival by indigenes of Akuapem living in Akropong and around Sakumono and Lashibi in the Greater Accra Region are also used. In addition, commentaries, and writings on sacrifice by theologians are analysed and used. The study’s findings indicate that even though the sacrifices involved in the Odwira festival are not propitiatory sacrifices like that of Christ, the sacrifice of Christ has currently rendered all of them unnecessary. The paper contributes to scholarship by affirming what some theologians have already put forward, that the sacrifice of Jesus is the ultimate blood sacrifice after which no other sacrifice is needed. The paper falls under the disciplines of theology, religion, culture, and Gospel and Culture.
What are the social, psychological and physical health challenges facing adolescents in the UK?
Authors: Chakravorty Triya
Published: September 2020

The ages of ten to nineteen are monopolised by biological, psychological and sociocultural changes, all of which impact health in the present and future. Behaviours and habits acquired during adolescence can have long-term impacts. Smoking, alcohol use, obesity and physical inactivity are all examples of health-related behaviours that usually start in adolescence and contribute to the global epidemic of non-communicable diseases in adults. These behaviours are influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors and are major determinants of future health inequalities.
The Abundance Pattern of α Elements in the Triangulum–Andromeda Overdensity
Authors: Silva J. V. Sales , Cunha K. , Perottoni H. D. , Rocha-Pinto H. J. , Daflon S. , Almeida-Fernandes F. , Souto Diogo , Majewski S. R.
Published: September 2020

The close relationship between the nature of the Triangulum–Andromeda (TriAnd) overdensity and the Galactic disk has become increasingly evident in recent years. However, the chemical pattern of this overdensity (R
GC = 20–30 kpc) is unique and differs from what we know of the local disk. In this study, we analyze the chemical abundances of five α elements (Mg, O, Si, Ca, and Ti) in a sample of stars belonging to the TriAnd overdensity, including stars with [Fe/H] < −1.2, to investigate the evolution of the α elements with metallicity. High-resolution spectra from Gemini North with GRACES were analyzed. Overall, the TriAnd population presents an α-element pattern that differs from that of the local disk; the TriAnd stars fall in between the local disk and the dwarf galaxies in the [X/Fe] versus [Fe/H] plane. The high [Mg/Fe] ratios obtained for the lower metallicity TriAnd stars may indicate a roughly parallel sequence to the Milky Way local disk at lower values of [Fe/H], revealing a knee shifted toward lower metallicities for the TriAnd population. Similar behavior is also exhibited in the [Ca/Fe] and [Si/Fe] ratios. However, for O and Ti the behavior of the [X/Fe] ratios shows a slight decay with decreasing metallicity. Our results reinforce the TriAnd overdensity as a unique stellar population of the Milky Way, with an abundance pattern that is different from all stellar populations studied to date. The complete understanding of the complex TriAnd population will require high-resolution spectroscopic observations of a larger sample of TriAnd stars.
PHAT XX. AGB Stars and Other Cool Giants in M31 Star Clusters
Authors: Girardi Léo , Boyer Martha L. , Johnson L. Clifton , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Rosenfield Philip , Seth Anil C. , Skillman Evan D. , Weisz Daniel R. , Williams Benjamin F. , Bhattacharya Antara Raaghavi , Bressan Alessandro , Caldwell Nelson , Chen Yang , Dolphin Andrew E. , Fouesneau Morgan , Goldman Steven , Guhathakurta Puragra , Marigo Paola , Mukherjee Sagnick , Pastorelli Giada , Quirk Amanda , Soraisam Monika , Trabucchi Michele
Published: September 2020

The presence of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in clusters provides key constraints for stellar models, as has been demonstrated with historical data from the Magellanic Clouds. In this work, we look for candidate AGB stars in M31 star clusters from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey. Our photometric criteria selects stars brighter than the tip of the red giant branch, which includes the bulk of the thermally pulsing AGB stars as well as early-AGB stars and other luminous cool giants expected in young stellar populations (e.g., massive red supergiants, and intermediate-mass red helium-burning stars). The AGB stars can be differentiated, a posteriori, using the ages already estimated for our cluster sample. 937 candidates are found within the cluster aperture radii, half (∼450) of which are very likely cluster members. Cross-matching with additional databases reveals two carbon stars and 10 secure variables among them. The field-corrected age distribution reveals the presence of young supergiants peaking at ages smaller than 108 yr, followed by a long tail of AGB stars extending up to the oldest possible ages. This long tail reveals the general decrease in the numbers of AGB stars from initial values of

at 108 yr down to

at 1010 yr. Theoretical models of near-solar metallicity reproduce this general trend, although with localized discrepancies over some age intervals, whose origin is not yet identified. The entire catalog is released together with finding charts to facilitate follow-up studies.
Modeling the Survival of Population III Stars to the Present Day
Authors: Dutta Jayanta , Sur Sharanya , Stacy Athena , Bagla Jasjeet Singh
Published: September 2020

Recent numerical simulations have suggested the probability of a fraction of the primordial stars being ejected from the cluster of their origin. We explore the possibility that some of these can remain on the main sequence until the present epoch. We develop a semianalytical model guided by results of cosmological simulations to study the mass accretion by these protostars as a function of the original stellar mass and other parameters such as angular momentum and gravitational drag due to ambient gas. We also explore whether some of the protostars remain sufficiently low mass and long-lived to survive to the present day. This requires that the protostars are ejected from the star-forming region while their mass is less than

. Assuming that the protostars gain mass via the spherical Bondi–Hoyle accretion from the ambient medium, we show that Population III protostars that initially form within a certain range of mass and are ejected with velocity larger than the escape velocity may survive to the present day on the main sequence. Thus, they may even be found in our Milky Way or its satellites. Our calculations also reveal that protostars that do not get ejected from the parent gas clump accrete a large amount of gas. We predict that these can become massive enough to be progenitors of black holes.
A Deep Search for Stable Venus Co-orbital Asteroids: Limits on the Population
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Kuchner Marc J. , Sheppard Scott S.
Published: September 2020

A stable population of objects co-orbiting with Venus was recently hypothesized in order to explain the existence of Venus’s co-orbital dust ring. We conducted a five days twilight survey for these objects with the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m telescope covering about 35 unique square degrees to 21 mag in the r band. Our survey provides the most stringent limit so far on the number of Venus co-orbital asteroids; it was capable of detecting 5% of the entire population of those asteroids brighter than 21 mag. We estimate an upper limit on the number of co-orbital asteroids brighter than 21 mag (approximately 400–900 m in diameter depending on the asteroid albedo) to be

. Previous studies estimated the mass of the observed dust ring co-orbiting with Venus to be equivalent to an asteroid with a 2 km diameter ground to dust. Our survey estimates <6 asteroids larger than 2 km. This implies the following possibilities: that Venus co-orbitals are nonreflective at the observed phase angles, have a very low albedo (<1%), or that the Venus co-orbital dust ring has a source other than asteroids co-orbiting Venus. We discuss this result, and as an aid to future searches, we provide predictions for the spatial, visual magnitude, and number density distributions of stable Venus co-orbitals based on the dynamics of the region and magnitude estimates for various asteroid types.
Comparative mitochondrial genomes of four species of Sinopodisma and phylogenetic implications (Orthoptera, Melanoplinae)
Authors: Zhongying Qiu , Huihui Chang , Hao Yuan , Yuan Huang , Huimeng Lu , Xia Li , Xingchun Gou
Published: September 2020

In this study, the whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from four species were sequenced. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Sinopodisma pieli, S. houshana, S. qinlingensis, and S. wulingshanensis are 15,857 bp, 15,818 bp, 15,843 bp, and 15,872 bp in size, respectively. The 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) begin with typical ATN codons, except for COXI in S. qinlingensis, which begins with ACC. The highest A+T content in all the sequenced orthopteran mitogenomes is 76.8% (S. qinlingensis), followed by 76.5% (S. wulingshanensis), 76.4% (S. pieli) and 76.4% (S. houshana) (measured on the major strand). The long polythymine stretches (T-stretch) in the A+T-rich region of the four species are not adjacent to the trnI locus but are inside the stem-loop sequences on the major strand. Moreover, several repeated elements are found in the A+T-rich region of the four species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 53 mitochondrial genomes using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) revealed that Melanoplinae (Podismini) was a monophyletic group; however, the monophyly of Sinopodisma was not supported. These data will provide important information for a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of Melanoplinae.
On the Plakobranchidae (Gastropoda, Sacoglossa) from soft sediment habitats of Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Mehrotra Rahul , Caballer Gutierrez Manuel , Scott Chad M. , Arnold Spencer , Monchanin Coline , Chavanich Suchana
Published: September 2020

Research in recent years have provided rapid advances in biogeographic and taxonomic documentation of sea slugs around the world. However, efforts are lacking in surveying most coastlines and habitats in South-East Asia. Recent studies from the Gulf of Thailand have indicated that a wealth of unexplored sea slug diversity and ecology may be gained from an investigation of soft sediment habitats beyond the reef slopes. Additionally, the waters of Koh Tao have been found to host regionally high levels of sea slug diversity with several species awaiting taxonomic clarification. In this work the initial findings of an expanded survey effort from the waters around Koh Tao are provided, with the identity of two soft sediment-associated sacoglossan species in the family Plakobranchidae being investigated. By integrating morphological and molecular analyses, the species Plakobranchus noctisstellatussp. nov. and Elysia aowthaisp. nov. are described and species complexes surrounding Plakobranchus ocellatus van Hasselt, 1824 and Elysia japonica Eliot, 1913 are discussed. The topics of morphological variability and the cryptic species problem are also discussed.
Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)
Authors: Cumming Royce T. , Le Tirant Stephane , Teemsma Sierra N. , Hennemann Frank H. , Willemse Luc , Büscher Thies H.
Published: September 2020

After successful laboratory rearing of both males and females from a single clutch of eggs, the genus Nanophyllium Redtenbacher, 1906 (described only from males) and the frondosum species group within Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) Griffini, 1898 (described only from females) are found to be the opposite sexes of the same genus. This rearing observation finally elucidates the relationship of these two small body sized leaf insect groups which, for more than a century, have never been linked before. This paper synonymizes the frondosum species group with Nanophyllium Redtenbacher, 1906 in order to create a singular and clearly defined taxonomic group. Five species are transferred from the Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) frondosum species group and create the following new combinations: Nanophyllium asekiense (Größer, 2002), comb. nov.; Nanophyllium chitoniscoides (Größer, 1992), comb. nov.; Nanophyllium frondosum (Redtenbacher, 1906), comb. nov.; Nanophyllium keyicum (Karny, 1914), comb. nov.; Nanophyllium suzukii (Größer, 2008), comb. nov. The only taxon from this species group not transferred from the frondosum species group to Nanophyllium is Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) groesseri Zompro, 1998. Based on protibial exterior lobes, this species belongs in the schultzei species group as described in Hennemann et al. 2009 and is therefore excluded from further discussion here. The rearing of Nanophyllium also yielded the male Nanophyllium asekiense (Größer, 2002), comb. nov. thus, enabling comparison of this male to the other previously known Nanophyllium species. Two new species of nano-leaf insects are described within, Nanophyllium miyashitaisp. nov., from Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, and Nanophyllium daphnesp. nov., from Biak Island, Papua Province, Indonesia. With such distinct sexual dimorphism in Nanophyllium between sexes, which have only now been matched up via captive rearing, illustrated within are numerous specimens which might represent the unknown opposite sexes of the many currently known species of Nanophyllium. Due to pronounced sexual dimorphism in Nanophyllium, only future captive rearing or molecular analysis will match up the many unknown sexes. To conclude, with the description of two new Nanophyllium species, dichotomous keys to species for known males and females are presented.
The Preliminary Study of the Addition Zinc in Tin-Copper Lead Free Solder
Authors: Wong Wei Yee , Shamsudin Rabiatul Adawiyah , Mohd Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus , Masri Mohamad Najmi
Published: September 2020

Sn-0.7Cu lead free solder has become an alternative material to replace Sn-Pb solder. However, it has the weakness of high melting point and poor corrosion behavior. Through the study, Sn-0.7-xZn microstructure and phase changes were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM result shows microstructure Cu6Sn5 is precipitated with rod like shape while CuZn is shown in bump oval shape whereas compounds that presented are Cu6Sn5 and Cu5Zn8 as shown in the XRD analysis result.
Synthesis and Characterization of IPDI Based Shape Memory Polyurethane
Authors: Rasli @ Rosli Nur Athirah , Ahmad Zubir Syazana
Published: September 2020

Various polyurethane-based shape memory polymer was synthesized using polycaprolactone (PCL) as soft segment and, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the hard segments. Palm kernel oil-based polyol was used to replace part of the petroleum-based polyol due to the increasing demand on renewable resources as a result of environmental awareness. The synthesis has been carried out using two step polymerization method. The effects of varying the molar ratio of IPDI/HMDI on material properties such as crystallinity, transition temperature, morphology, shape memory effect and tensile strength were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shape memory test and tensile test. A high IPDI content in SMPU results in better shape memory effect, whereas increasing HMDI content leads to a better chain flexibility. In this work, the incorporation of IPDI contributes to the formation of phase separation which enhance the formation of crystalline soft segment structure while the incorporation of HMDI as isocyanate tend to promote phase mixing which enhance the chain flexibility of the SMPU backbone.
Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure of Fe-33Ni-19Cr Alloy
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah
Published: September 2020

The effect of solution treatment temperature on the microstructure, phase present and hardness on Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was study in this work. The Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was experienced a solution treatment process at six different temperatures which are 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, 1100 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C for 3 hours soaking time followed by water quench. The average grain size was measured by using linear intercept methods ASTM E112. Microstructure of solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was characterized by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The phase present was analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Vickers hardness was used to measure the hardness of solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy. Increasing the solution treatment temperatures were increase the average grain size of solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy. In addition, all samples exhibited an equiaxed matrix grain with slight distribution of precipitates particles. The hardness of solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was decrease as the solution treatment temperature increase.
The Effect of Calcium Carbonate Added into Mambong Clay
Authors: Bakar Nurul Ainon , Daud Noruzaman , Mat Nor Siti Mariam , Nik Muhammad Nik Maheran , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty
Published: September 2020

Mambong clay is a traditional pottery that originally from Kampong Mambong, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. The new fabrication technique of this pottery is the slip casting technique. However, the innovation of Mambong pottery does not only limited to the fabrication technique, but also the materials used in the fabrication in order to improve its physical properties. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one of the materials that can be used in this fabrication as an additive due to the ability to stabilize the clay soil and improves the clay physical properties. In this study, the various CaCO3 contents (0, 5, 10, and 15%) were investigated to get the optimum amount of CaCO3 to improve the physical properties of Mambong clay by using slip casting method. Mambong clay with different amount of CaCO3 addition was compared in term of microstructure, density, porosity, shrinkage, and flexural strength.
Near Surface Studies on the Role of Graphene Oxide in the Carbon Species Activities in IT-SOFC Cathode Materials
Authors: Murizam Darus , Azira N.M.N. , Idris Muhammad Asri , Yunos Nur Farhana Mohd
Published: September 2020

Active roles of carbon species in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode was simulated by adding graphene oxide (GO) into Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8 (BSCF) materials prepared by sol-gel method. The mixture was heated up to intermediate temperature SOFC range (650 - 850°C) for a period of 5 hours. A depth-profiling measurement by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was carried out to analyse the carbon species activities at near surface of BSCF cathode. A depth-profiling analysis indicated that the graphene oxide bond components are retained under the cathode surface and does not affected the formation of carbonate phases in BSCF cathode.
Effect of Cobalt on Nickel Oxide Toward Reduction Behaviour in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere
Authors: Dzakaria Norliza , Abu Tahari Maratun Najiha , Samidin Salma , Tengku Saharuddin Tengku Shafazila , Salleh Fairous , Lahuri Azizul Hakim , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: September 2020

The reduction behaviour of cobalt doped with nickel oxide and undoped nickel oxide (NiO) by hydrogen (H2) in nitrogen (20%, v/v) and carbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen (40%, v/v) atmospheres have been investigated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). TPR results indicate that the reduction of Co doped and undoped nickel oxide in both reductants proceed in one step reduction (NiO → Ni) without intermediate. TPR results also suggested that by adding Co metal into NiO, the reduction to metallic Ni by both reductant gaseous give different intensity of the peak. The reduction process of Co and undoped NiO become faster when H2 was used as a reductant. Furthermore, in H2 atmosphere, Co-NiO give complete reduction to metallic Ni at 700 °C. Meanwhile, XRD analysis indicated that NiO without Co composed better crystallite phases of NiO with higher intensity.
Internal Oxidation Behavior of Fe-33Ni-19Cr Alloy
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah
Published: September 2020

Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy is the Ni-based alloy used at high temperature condition due to its excellent ability to form protective oxide layer at high temperature. Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was undergo a series of solution treatment process to vary the grain size of the alloy. The Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was solution-treated at 3 different temperature, namely 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C, for 3 hours soaking time, followed by water quench. The solution-treated alloys were then experienced an isothermal oxidation test at 900°C for 500 hours in laboratory air. The oxidized Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy were characterized in terms of phase analysis and cross-sectional analysis using XRD and SEM-EDX to investigated the effect of different grain size alloy to the oxidation behavior. The solution treatment process was produced varies grain size of Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy. The solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy at 1000°C exhibited the fine grain size, while solution-treated Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy at 1200°C produced a coarse grain size. The oxidized Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy recorded a formation of several oxide phases consists of Cr-rich oxide, Fe-rich oxide, Ti-rich oxide and spinel oxides structure. The cross-sectional analysis displays a several layer of oxide scales formed on the alloy surface with evidence of internal oxide penetration through the grain boundary area.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Nickel Supported on Activated Charcoal and its Application for Green Fuel Production
Authors: Wan Khalit Wan Nor Adira , Marliza Tengku Sharifah , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: September 2020

Waste cooking oil (WCO) that contained triglycerides and fatty acid derivatives can be transformed to green fuel that have similar properties to the fossil fuel. Hence, this study was focusing on the production of green fuel hydrocarbons from feedstock of waste cooking oil by deoxygenation process. The deoxygenation reaction of WCO was conducted using different loading of nickel (Ni) (5, 10, 15 and 20 % w/w) supported on commercial activated charcoal. Based on the catalytic deoxygenation (DO) reaction, the highest conversion of hydrocarbon was achieved when the reaction undergo using Ni20%AC as catalyst at 350°C for 3 hours under inert atmosphere. The present of the higher loading active metal showed high DO reaction by decarboxylation and decarbonylation pathways with high hydrocarbon yield of 83% and high selectivity of n-C15 and n-C17. DO reaction also favoured the optimum strength of acidity. This study revealed that Ni20%AC catalyst is a promising catalyst for the green fuel production in WCO.