bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Is Everybody's Business
Authors: Wixom Barbara H. , Beath Cynthia M. , Owens Leslie
Published: June 2023

A clear, engaging, evidence-based guide to monetizing data, for everyone from employee to board member.

Most organizations view data monetization—converting data into money—too narrowly: as merely selling data sets. But data monetization is a core business activity for both commercial and noncommercial organizations, and, within organizations, it's critical to have wide-ranging support for this pursuit. In Data Is Everybody's Business, the authors offer a clear and engaging way for people across the entire organization to understand data monetization and make it happen. The authors identify three viable ways to convert data into money—improving work with data, wrapping products with data, and selling information offerings—and explain when to pursue each and how to succeed.

Key features of the book:

• Grounded in twenty-eight years of academicresearch, including nine years of research at the MIT Sloan Center for Information Systems Research (MIT CISR)• Definitions of key terms, self-reflection questions, appealing graphics, and easy-to-use frameworks

• Rich with detailedcase studies • Supplemented by free MIT CISR website resources (cisr.mit.edu)

Ideal for organizations engaged in data literacy training, data-driven transformation, or digital transformation, Data Is Everybody's Business is the essential guide for helping everybody in the organization—not just the data specialists—understand, get excited about, and participate in data monetization.
Cracking the Bro Code
Authors: Carrigan Coleen
Published: June 2023

Why dominant racial and gender groups have preferential access to jobs in computing, and how feminist labor activism in computing culture can transform the field into a force that serves democracy and social justice.

Cracking the Bro Code is a bold ethnographic study of sexism and racism in contemporary computing cultures theorized through the analytical frame of the “Bro Code.” Drawing from feminist anthropology and STS, Coleen Carrigan shares in this book the direct experiences of women, nonbinary individuals, and people of color, including her own experiences in tech, to show that computing has a serious cultural problem. From senior leaders in the field to undergraduates in their first year of college, participants consistently report how sexism and harassment manifest themselves in computing via values, norms, behaviors, evaluations, and policies. While other STEM fields are making strides in recruiting, retaining, and respecting women workers, computing fails year after year to do so.

Carrigan connects altruism, computing, race, and gender to advance the theory that social purpose is an important factor to consider in working toward gender equity in computing. Further, she argues that transforming computing culture from hostile to welcoming has the potential to change not only who produces computing technology but also the core values of its production, with possible impacts on social applications. Cracking the Bro Code explains how digital bosses have come to operate imperiously in our society, dodging taxes and oversight, and how some programmers who look like them are enchanted with a sense of divine right. In the context of computing's powerful influence on the world, Carrigan speculates on how the cultural mechanisms sustaining sexism, harassment, and technocracy in computing workspaces impact both those harmed by such violence as well as society at large.
Design for Resilience
Authors: Walker Stuart
Published: June 2023

A beautifully written and illustrated framework for resilient design that is as pragmatic as it is inspiring, showing us not only how but why we should design differently.

Design for Resilience is a timely, visionary map for creating restorative design that addresses humanity's most critical issue: climate change. Our current wealth-oriented economic systems have resulted in gross disparities, war, refugee crises, and mass migrations that augur a bleak collective future. In this book, respected scholar Stuart Walker combines formidable research with practical examples to offer a hopeful, original, and transformative view of what resilient design looks like and how it can apply to all aspects of life, from personal objects to food to culture to business to recreation.

Working at the intersection of theory, philosophy, history, environmentalism, and justice, Walker offers a fresh approach that decolonizes design thinking to fundamentally change the nature of design practice and how it shapes our lives, communities, and industries. Asking nothing short of the fundamental question “How should we live?,” Design for Resilience addresses the high-priority issues that concern governments, policymakers, designers, and people around the world who recognize that now, perhaps more than at any other time in human history, we need paradigmatic changes to create a future that lasts.
The Myth That Made Us
Authors: Fuhrer Jeff
Published: June 2023

How our false narratives about post-racism and meritocracy have been used to condone egregious economic outcomes—and what we can do to fix the system.

The Myth That Made Us exposes how false narratives—of a supposedly post-racist nation, of the self-made man, of the primacy of profit- and shareholder value-maximizing for businesses, and of minimal government interference—have been used to excuse gross inequities and to shape and sustain the US economic system that delivers them. Jeff Fuhrer argues that systemic racism continues to produce vastly disparate outcomes and that our brand of capitalism favors doing little to reduce disparities. Evidence from other developed capitalist economies shows it doesn't have to be that way. We broke this (mean-spirited) economy. We can fix it.

Rather than merely laying blame at the feet of both conservatives and liberals for aiding and abetting an unjust system, Fuhrer charts a way forward. He supplements evidence from data with insights from community voices and outlines a system that provides more equal opportunity to accumulate both human and financial capital. His key areas of focus include universal access to high-quality early childhood education; more effective use of our community college system as a pathway to stable employment; restructuring key aspects of the low-wage workplace; providing affordable housing and transit links; supporting people of color by serving as mentors, coaches, and allies; and implementing Baby Bonds and Reparations programs to address the accumulated loss of wealth among Black people due to the legacy of enslavement and institutional discrimination. Fuhrer emphasizes embracing humility, research-based approaches, and community involvement as ways to improve economic opportunity.
On the Brink of Utopia
Authors: Ramge Thomas , Laguna de la Vera Rafael
Published: June 2023

A new and coherent framework for fostering the breakthrough innovations that we urgently need to confront our collective future.

We live in less innovative times than we think. Despite having made major technological advancements in a few areas, we are still left with enormous unsolved challenges. A radical shift in the culture of innovation is needed. On the Brink of Utopia, by authors Thomas Ramge and Rafael Laguna de la Vera, and with a foreword by Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell, offers just that—a new and coherent framework for fostering breakthrough innovations for human progress. In their “Innovation Leap Paradigm,” they present seven steps in seven chapters and answer three simple questions: What great challenges need to be tackled? Who makes tech leaps? And finally, what political, economic, and cultural environments foster radical innovation?

The authors sketch out a future in which technology will solve real problems, anywhere from climate change and hunger to obesity and menstrual pain. They envision a future in which biotechnologists work from a platform that enables them to develop effective drugs within months for any emerging virus, where green energy will be too cheap to meter and aerial carbon can be transmuted into a valuable commodity at scale. Offering a new perspective on innovation that centers not just American readers but also readers from all over the world, On the Brink of Utopia is a hopeful and visionary book that reimagines the roles of innovators, citizens, governments, and financial markets to foster innovation leaps that maximize the well-being of the greatest number of people.
The Claims of Life
Authors: Walsh Diana Chapman
Published: June 2023

The engaging memoir of a legendary president of Wellesley College known for authentic and open-hearted leadership, who drove innovation with power and love.

The Claims of Life traces the emergence of a young woman who set out believing she wasn't particularly smart but went on to meet multiple tests of leadership in the American academy—a place where everyone wants to be heard and no one wants a boss. In college, Diana Chapman met Chris Walsh, who became a towering figure in academic science. Their marriage of fifty-seven years brought them to the forefront of revolutions in higher education, gender expectations, health-care delivery, and biomedical research.

The Claims of Life offers readers an unusually intimate view of trustworthy leadership that begins and ends in self-knowledge. During a transformative fourteen-year Wellesley presidency, Walsh advanced women's authority, compassionate governance, and self-reinvention. After Wellesley, Walsh's interests took her to the boards of five national nonprofits galvanizing change. She kept counsel with Nobel laureates, feminist icons, and even the Dalai Lama, seeking solutions to the world's climate crisis.

With an ear tuned to social issues, The Claims of Life is an inspiring account of a life lived with humor, insight, and meaning that will surely leave a lasting impression on its readers.
The Day after Yesterday
Authors: Wallace Joe
Published: June 2023

A deft combination of narrative and portraiture that breaks the taboo around dementia, replacing the fear and futility with empathy and nuance.

A graphic designer, a writer, a public servant, a retired PhD, a 29-year-old with early-onset Alzheimer's. These are just some of the 50 million people living with dementia who share their deeply personal stories with Joe Wallace in The Day after Yesterday, a powerful collection of portraits and personal stories that humanizes the millions of people living with the disease. Each story in this poignant volume offers a unique and powerful lesson—not just about how to live with a terminal illness, but how to do so with resilience and dignity.

Dementia is often a taboo subject with limited public awareness or discourse. A diagnosis can become a mechanism for segregating those affected from society, making it easier to see only the label and not the individual, which, in turn, makes it easier to ignore the burgeoning health crisis and the individuals themselves. But as one man told Wallace, “Don't believe the narrative that life is over. I want my voice to help get people to treat us the same as they did before we got the diagnosis. We may change some, but we are the same people!” More than a visual representation, The Day after Yesterday's compassionate portraits capture the dignity and richness of each individual, destigmatizing dementia and enabling a loving, respectful, and much-needed conversation.
Differential translation of mRNA isoforms underlies oncogenic activation of cell cycle kinase Aurora A
Authors: Cacioppo Roberta , Akman Hesna Begum , Tuncer Taner , Erson-Bensan Ayse Elif , Lindon Catherine
Published: June 2023

Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an oncogenic kinase with major roles in mitosis, but also exerts cell cycle- and kinase-independent functions linked to cancer. Therefore, control of its expression, as well as its activity, is crucial. A short and a long 3′UTR isoform exist for AURKA mRNA, resulting from alternative polyadenylation (APA). We initially observed that in triple-negative breast cancer, where AURKA is typically overexpressed, the short isoform is predominant and this correlates with faster relapse times of patients. The short isoform is characterized by higher translational efficiency since translation and decay rate of the long isoform are targeted by hsa-let-7a tumor-suppressor miRNA. Additionally, hsa-let-7a regulates the cell cycle periodicity of translation of the long isoform, whereas the short isoform is translated highly and constantly throughout interphase. Finally, disrupted production of the long isoform led to an increase in proliferation and migration rates of cells. In summary, we uncovered a new mechanism dependent on the cooperation between APA and miRNA targeting likely to be a route of oncogenic activation of human AURKA.
Företagspolitiker – en systematisk granskning av forskning om styrelsearbete
Authors: Skoog Louise , Svärd Oskar
Published: June 2023

Trenden att använda styrelser som styrform inom och mellan offentliga organisationer utgör nya utmaningar för de folkvalda politiker som ofta innehar uppdragen som styrelseledamöter. De träder nu in i styrelserum och leder offentligt ägda bolag som verkar enligt en marknadsbaserad logik. I den här litteraturstudien granskar vi forskning om bolagsstyrning för att utröna vilka nya roller detta kan medföra. Tre styrelseroller diskuteras: övervakare, mentorer och länkare till externa resurser. Vi granskar även vilka metoder forskare använt för att studera bolagsstyrning och finner en påtaglig dominans av kvantitativa metoder. Vilket dels kan ha påverkat vilka teoretiska modeller som har skapats, dels pekar det på möjliga luckor som forskningen framåt kan fylla. Analysen visar även att roller som härrör från bolagsstyrning inte behöver stå i strid med klassiska politikerroller – de skulle kunna komplettera dem. Studien bygger på 129 artiklar publicerade i 4 topptidskrifter under 2010–2019.
Advances on the anti-tumor mechanisms of the carotenoid Crocin
Authors: Bao Xingxun , Hu Jinhua , Zhao Yan , Jia Ruixue , Zhang Hairong , Xia Lei
Published: June 2023

Saffron is located in the upper part of the crocus stigma of iridaceae, which has a long history of medicinal use. Crocin (molecular formula C44H64O24) is a natural floral glycoside ester compound extracted from saffron, which is a type carotenoid. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that crocin has multiple therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-stone effects. In recent years, crocin has been widely noticed due to its considerable anti-tumor effects manifested by the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity and improvement of immune status. The anti-tumor effects have been shown in various malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. In this review, we compiled recent studies on the anti-tumor effects of crocin and summarized its anti-tumor mechanism for developing ideas of treating malignancies and exploring anti-tumor drugs.
Physiology of pregnancy and oral local anesthesia considerations
Authors: Zhou Xueer , Zhong Yunyu , Pan Zijian , Zhang Jiankang , Pan Jian
Published: June 2023

Background

Safe and effective local anesthesia is a prerequisite for emergency oral surgeries and most dental treatments. Pregnancy is characterized by complex physiological changes, and increased sensitivity to pain. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to oral diseases, such as caries, gingivitis, pyogenic granuloma and third molar pericoronitis. Maternally administered drugs can affect the fetus through the placenta. Therefore, many physicians and patients are reluctant to provide or accept necessary local anesthesia, which leads to delays in the condition and adverse consequences. This review is intended to comprehensively discuss the instructions for local anesthesia in the oral treatment of pregnant patients.

Methodology

An in-depth search on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to review articles concerned with maternal and fetal physiology, local anesthetic pharmacology, and their applications for oral treatment.

Results

Standard oral local anesthesia is safe throughout the pregnancy. At present, 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine is considered to be the anesthetic agent that best balances safety and efficacy for pregnant women. Maternal and fetal considerations must be taken into account to accommodate the physiological and pharmacological changes in the gestation period. Semi-supine position, blood pressure monitoring, and reassurance are suggested for high-risk mothers to reduce the risk of transient changes in blood pressure, hypoxemia, and hypoglycemia. For patients with underlying diseases, such as eclampsia, hypertension, hypotension, and gestational diabetes, the physicians should use epinephrine cautiously and control the dose of anesthetic. New local anesthesia formulations and equipment, which contribute to minimizing injection pain and relieving the anxiety, have and are being developed but remain understudied.

Conclusions

Understanding the physiological and pharmacological changes during pregnancy is essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of local anesthesia. Optimal outcomes for the mother and fetus hinge on a robust understanding of the physiologic alterations and the appropriate selection of anesthetic drugs and approaches.
Multidimensionalidad de pobreza energética evaluando el confort térmico de verano. Construcción de un indicador aplicado a la villa Altué Sur en Santiago de Chile.
Authors: Huitrado Blanca , Encinas Felipe
Published: June 2023

En regiones con clima cálido seco la pobreza energética tradicionalmente se ha definido por la utilización de calefacción durante el invierno. En el contexto del cambio climático y el calentamiento urbano, se requiere incluir las necesidades de confort térmico de verano en los estudios de pobreza energética; así la investigación propone establecer una relación entre variables de pobreza energética, condiciones socioeconómicas y elementos ambientales urbanos. Se utiliza el método Delphi con el propósito de llegar a un consenso para definir las variables y ponderaciones del indicador multidimensional de pobreza energética evaluando el confort térmico de verano en ciudades con clima cálido seco. La villa Altué Sur ubicada en Santiago de Chile es el caso de estudio elegido para aplicar el indicador con el objetivo de definir qué viviendas se encuentran en situación de pobreza energética considerando el confort térmico de verano.
Espacios de la inmunidad. Arquitecturas del asilo y el trabajo de Vicaría de la Solidaridad, en el Año de los Derechos Humanos, 1978
Authors: Carrasco Purull Gonzalo
Published: June 2023

Entre las expresiones que han tenido en arquitectura la protección y el cuidado de las personas a las que han sido vulnerado sus derechos, se destacan aquellos espacios del asilo eclesiástico que han sido institucionalizados bajo la fórmula de “pedir santuario”. El presente ensayo estudia las relaciones históricas y arquitectónicas de estos lugares para la inmunidad, específicamente en los espacios transformados por la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en su lucha por la defensa de los Derechos Humanos y la asistencia de los familiares de detenidos desaparecidos. Operaciones desde las cuales es posible volver a imaginar lugares destinados al cuidado y protección de las comunidades, desde una perspectiva de los derechos humanos, creando una verdadera topología del asilo y la hospitalidad.
A Case Report on the Rehabilitation of an Ear Deformity using an Implant Supported Auricular Prosthesis
Authors: Gujjelwar Smruti , Dhamande Mithilesh , Kambala Seema Sathe , Pathak Ankita
Published: June 2023

Extraoral implant retained prostheses have been shown to be a reliable therapy choice for maxillofacial rehabilitation. The clinical and laboratory steps for creating an auricular prosthesis are described in this case report. A 27-year-old male patient met with a road traffic accident, lost his left ear, and developed an ear deformity. The patient then sought out rehabilitation. Extraoral implants and Hader bar-and-clip retention were used to ensure that the auricular prosthesis was properly connected to the implant. The patient was satisfied with the prosthesis remarkable support, retention, and aesthetic abilities. Treatment success depends on factors like patient acceptability, aesthetics, compatibility, durability, and prosthetic considerations like material availability, processing ease, and ease of duplication that make the prosthesis look natural and give the patient social confidence.
Становление межгосударственных отношений Республики Южная Осетия и Российской Федерации
Authors: Джабиев Александр Петрович
Published: June 2023

Монография посвящена становлению и развитию меж­государственных связей России и Южной Осетии за 2008-2022 гг. Оцениваются итоги и тенденции развития Южной Осетии, делающей первые шаги в области государственного строительства в условиях геополитической нестабильности и санкционной политики. Освещаются фундаментальные проблемы, связанные с налаживанием меж­государственных отношений двух стран, подписавших ряд международных правовых документов, затрагивающих вопросы торгово-экономической политики, источников энергетических ресурсов, финансовых инвестиций, инфраструктурного строительства, сельского хозяйства, гуманитарного обмена, образования, обороны, правоприменительной политики и др. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам конструктивного сотрудничества Южной Осетии и России по всем направлениям меж­государственных отношений. Для научных работников, преподавателей, аспирантов, студентов, а также для широкого круга исследователей международных отношений, в том числе изучающих российско-югоосетинские отношения.
Effect of Grain Size on Radionuclide Content in Sediment Samples from Kolo Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Onwuka M. , Ononugbo C. , Ikirigo J.
Published: June 2023

The effect of grain sizes on radionuclide concentration in soil and sediment samples from Kolo creek, Bayelsa State was investigated using gamma spectroscopy. Eight (8) samples of sediment were collected around the oil spill site of the creek. All the samples were separated into four different grain sizes, A (0.5mm), B (1mm), C (1.5mm) and D (2mm), making a total of 32 sediment. The activity concentration in sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5 mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2mm were determined. In sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5mm(A), the activity concentration of 226Ra , 232Th and 40K ranges from 2.24  to 20.032.43Bq/kg, 3.21 to 5.591.32 Bq/kg  and 24.46  4.06  to 795.99  6.20 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.0mm (B) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 2.661.30 to 26.64Bq/kg, 2.19 0.95 to 33.47 Bq/kg and 43.38  to 739.21Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.5mm (C) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.401.09 to 33.93± 3.65 Bq/kg, 2.14±1.72 to 26.15±5.3 Bq/kg and 39.90±3.54 to 471.36±6.12 Bq/kg respectively.   For grain size of 2.0 mm (D) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.81±1.84 to 40.29±2.50 Bq/kg, 2.19±1.40  to 83.20±3.90 Bq/kg and 39.01 ±4.00 to 497.56±5.87Bq/kg  respectively.  The result obtained shows there was no clear trend in variation of activity concentration with grain sizes. The mean values obtained are below the world average of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 232Th and 40K for grain sizes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm respectively in all the communities except samples from Kolo that recorded 471.36±6.12 to 795.99±6.44 Bq/kg in all the grain sizes. Radiological risk parameters such as Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent, Annual Utility Index, Radioactivity Level Index, Hazard Indices and Excess Life Cancer Risk were estimated and values were found to be within the word average. From this study, the sediment of the given grain sizes will pose no radiological health risk if used in farming and in building construction.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Amaranthus retroflexus and Azadirachta indica
Authors: Dhage S. Sagar , Biradar D. P. , Aladakatti Y. R. , Chandashekhar S. S. , Hosamani Ravikumar
Published: June 2023

Among plant extracts, neem leaf extract was found effective for successful synthesis of MgO nanoparticles. The main phytochemicals present in neem leaf extract acts as reducing and capping agents for synthesis of MgO nanoparticles. The bio reduced MgO nanoparticles were characterized by using surface plasmon resonance analysis (UV–Vis spectroscopy), particle size and distribution analysis (PSA), surface morphology analysis (SEM) and elemental distribution analysis (EDX). The UV–Vis spectral analysis confirmed that the maximum absorption at 279 nm range corresponds to the intrinsic band gap of MgO nanoparticles. Particle size analyzer confirmed synthesized particles are of nanoscale i.e., 48.1 nm. SEM images confirmed synthesized nanoparticles were found to be relatively oval shaped and EDX confirmed peak is of MgO nanoparticles. This is a simple and effective method which could be an alternative for chemical and physical methods for the large-scale production of MgO nanoparticles.
Assessment of Nutritional Security Status in Farm Households from Nutrition Garden in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Verma Preeti , Agrawal Naresh Kumar , Raj Anita
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Micronutrients deficiencies related malnutrition is quite common in Indian population especially in women and children of rural communities. The main causes of malnutrition are illiteracy, unawareness, low purchasing power, inadequate availability of vegetables and fruits in rural area of Tonk district.
Methods: Keeping this problem into consideration, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tonk conducted Front Line Demonstration on Nutrition Garden in the villages of Tonk district of Rajasthan. Prior to Front Line Demonstration, training programmes were organized on the importance of Nutrition garden at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tonk. A well prepared questionnaire was used to assess pre and post knowledge of Nutrition Garden. Pre and post Boby Mass Index (BMI) and haemoglobin levels of farm women and anthropometric measurements of children were assessed to check the effect of Nutrition garden.  For the conduction of Front Line Demonstration on Nutrition garden, 200 families having 4-6 members of Tonk district with the area of 250m2 have been selected.
Results: On the basis of results, it was found that average per capita availability of vegetables increased from 57 to 396 gm/day showing an improvement of vegetables consumption at household level. Per capita nutrient availability from Nutrition garden increased significantly in terms of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and beta carotene.
Conclusions: From this study, it is concluded that establishing Nutrition garden proved important technology to improve nutritional status of farm families of Tonk district.
Evaluation of Summer Marigold Hybrids for Agro Economic Traits under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition
Authors: Patel Pooja , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E. , Prasad V. M. , Kerketta Anita
Published: June 2023

Evaluation of ten marigold varieties/ hybrids of African marigold, has been taken up at Vegetable farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022-23 The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation for most of the parameters. The result revealed that highest plant height (T10) (92.93 cm), number of branches (T7) (27), was noted in recorded maximum leaf area index (T7) (3.25 cm) and flower bud initiation (T10) (45). Earliest 50% flowering (T10) (57 days). No. of flower per plant highest in (T7) (78), highest yield per plot (873.34 g) and yield hactare-1 (4.37 t.) in (T7) Pusa Basanti.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Crude Oil and Kerosene on Soil Microbiota and the Bio-utilization Potentials of the Indigenous Microorganisms
Authors: Akubuenyi F. C.
Published: June 2023

This research is focused on evaluating the impact of crude oil and kerosene on soil microbiota. The enumeration of total heterotrophic bacterial count revealed that the soil impacted with crude oil and kerosene yielded low microbial counts ranged from 3.2 × 106 CFU/g, 3.2 × 105 to 2.6 × 103 CFU/g while that of total coliform count obtained from the samples ranges from 2.6 × 105CFU/g to 2.2 × 103 CFU/g. and total fungal count ranged from 2.0 x 102 CFU/g to 1.4 × 102 CFU/g.  The genera of bacteria isolated from soils impacted with crude oil and kerosene belong to the genera: Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium and Salmonella species while Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Candidia spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Cephalosporium spp., Rhizopus spp. are the isolated fungi. The percentage occurrence revealed that Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 23.1%, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (7.7%), Salmonella spp. (7.7%), Bacillus spp. (7.7%), Micrococcus spp. (7.7%) etc. While the fungal isolates had the following prevalence; Aspergillus spp. (12.5%), Penicillium spp. (12.5%), Candida spp. (12.5%), Mucor spp. (12.5%), etc.  The results obtained indicates that crude oil and kerosene have a negative impact on the microbiota of the soil. The combined effect of the compounds is more harmful than their individual effects. This result implies that farmlands impacted with these products would not be suitable for agricultural purposes since the nitrogen fixing bacteria and other soil enriching microorganisms must have been either killed or inactivated by the toxicity of compounds.
US Community Pharmacies and Public Health—Building on the COVID-19 Response
Authors: Layson-Wolf Cherokee , Sharfstein Joshua M.
Published: June 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses the ways that US community pharmacies can build on the flexibility during the COVID-19 response to care for patients with HIV, hypertension, and opioid use disorder and improve access to reproductive health care.
Cochlear Implantation and Educational and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Adolescence
Authors: Cejas Ivette , Barker David H. , Petruzzello Esteban , Sarangoulis Christina M. , Quittner Alexandra L.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Cochlear implants (CIs) have been shown to be effective in improving auditory skills and speech and language development. However, less is known about the long-term outcomes of CIs on educational functioning or quality of life.

Objective

To evaluate long-term educational outcomes and quality of life in adolescents over 13 years postimplantation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal cohort study included 188 children with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss with CIs from the Childhood Development After Cochlear Implantation (CDaCI) study from hospital-based CI programs; a cohort of 340 children with severe to profound hearing loss without CIs from a nationally representative survey (National Longitudinal Transition Study-2; NLTS-2), and results from the literature of comparable children without CIs.

Exposure(s)

Cochlear implantation (early and late).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Adolescent performance on measures of academic achievement (Woodcock Johnson), language (Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language), and quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Deaf and Hard of Hearing).

Results

The CDaCI cohort included 188 children, 136 of whom completed the wave 3 postimplantation follow-up visits (77 [55%] female) with CIs; mean [SD] age was 11.47 [1.27] years. The NLTS-2 cohort included 340 children (50% female) with severe to profound hearing loss without CIs. Children with CIs had better academic performance compared with children without CIs with similar levels of hearing loss. The largest benefits were seen for children who received implants early (prior to age 18 months), who performed at or above age and gender norms for language and academic achievement. Similarly, adolescents with CIs reported better quality of life on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory compared with children without CIs. On a condition-specific measure (Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Deaf and Hard of Hearing), children who received implants early scored higher across all 3 domains than comparisons without CIs.

Conclusions and Relevance

To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate long-term educational outcomes and quality of life in adolescents using CIs. This longitudinal cohort study showed better outcomes of CIs in terms of language, academic performance, and quality of life. While the greatest benefits were observed for children who received implants before age 18 months, benefits were also noted for children who received implants later, providing evidence that children with severe to profound hearing loss with CIs can achieve at or above expected levels compared with hearing peers.
Mechanically‐Compliant Bioelectronic Interfaces through Fatigue‐Resistant Conducting Polymer Hydrogel Coating
Authors: Xue Yu , Chen Xingmei , Wang Fucheng , Lin Jingsen , Liu Ji
Published: June 2023

Because of their distinct electrochemical and mechanical properties, conducting polymer hydrogels have been widely exploited as soft, wet, and conducting coatings for conventional metallic electrodes, providing mechanically compliant interfaces and mitigating foreign body responses. However, the long‐term viability of these hydrogel coatings is hindered by concerns regarding fatigue crack propagation and/or delamination caused by repetitive volumetric expansion/shrinkage during long‐term electrical interfacing. This study reports a general yet reliable approach to achieving a fatigue‐resistant conducting polymer hydrogel coating on conventional metallic bioelectrodes by engineering nanocrystalline domains at the interface between the hydrogel and metallic substrates. It demonstrates the efficacy of this robust, biocompatible, and fatigue‐resistant conducting hydrogel coating in cardiac pacing, showcasing its ability to effectively reduce the pacing threshold voltage and enhance the long‐term reliability of electric stimulation. This study findings highlight the potential of its approach as a promising design and fabrication strategy for the next generation of seamless bioelectronic interfaces.
Theoretical Insights into Pressure‐Driven Stability and Optoelectronic Response of Cd0.75Zn0.25S Alloy for Blue–Violet Display
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Malik Maria , Bakhsh Sunila , Sohail Muhammad , Arellano‐Ramírez Iván D. , Morsy Kareem
Published: June 2023

The manipulation of pressure and structural composition can result in tuned properties of a material to enhance its functionality. In this regard, the pressure significance of the ternary Cd0.75Zn0.25S alloy is acknowledged in this study by changing in the range of 0–20 GPa using density functional theory (DFT) via a self‐consistent field within a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA–modified Becke–Jhonson (mBJ). The results demonstrate that this ternary alloy exhibits cubic symmetry at all operating pressures, with the bandgap energy increasing from 2.81 to 3.17 eV as the pressure increases, demonstrating that it is a direct bandgap alloy. Another aspect of this study pertains to the optical parameters of the material and their variations as a function of pressure. Here it is observed that absorption increases with increasing pressure, along with the static refractive index and static dielectric constant. As optical conductance is also increased, the findings of this study offer a theoretical framework for the Cd0.75Zn0.25S alloy for display applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices operating at various pressure ranges.
Magnetically Actuated Biodegradable Nanorobots for Active Immunotherapy
Authors: Ye Yicheng , Tian Hao , Jiang Jiamiao , Huang Weichang , Zhang Ruotian , Li Huaan , Liu Lu , Gao Junbin , Tan Haixin , Liu Meihuan , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng
Published: June 2023

An efficient and cost‐effective therapeutic vaccine is highly desirable for the prevention and treatment of cancer, which helps to strengthen the immune system and activate the T cell immune response. However, initiating such an adaptive immune response efficiently remains challenging, especially the deficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, an efficient and dynamic antigen delivery system based on the magnetically actuated OVA‐CaCO3‐SPIO robots (OCS‐robots) is rationally designed for active immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the unique dynamic features, the developed OCS‐robots achieve controllable motion capability under the rotating magnetic field. Specifically, with the active motion, the acid‐responsiveness of OCS‐robots is beneficial for the tumor acidity attenuating and lysosome escape as well as the subsequent antigen cross‐presentation of DCs. Furthermore, the dynamic OCS‐robots boost the crosstalk between the DCs and antigens, which displays prominent tumor immunotherapy effect on melanoma through cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Such a strategy of dynamic vaccine delivery system enables the active activation of immune system based on the magnetically actuated OCS‐robots, which presents a plausible paradigm for incredibly efficient cancer immunotherapy by designing multifunctional and novel robot platforms in the future.
Cerebral Microvascular Injury Induced by Lag3‐Dependent α‐Synuclein Fibril Endocytosis Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of α‐Synucleinopathies
Authors: Zhang Qingxi , Duan Qingrui , Gao Yuyuan , He Peikun , Huang Rui , Huang Haifeng , Li Yanyi , Ma Guixian , Zhang Yuhu , Nie Kun , Wang Lijuan
Published: June 2023

The pathological accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and the transmission of misfolded α‐Syn underlie α‐synucleinopathies. Increased plasma α‐Syn levels are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, but it is still unknown whether the cognitive deficits in α‐synucleinopathies have a common vascular pathological origin. Here, it is reported that combined injection of α‐Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex results in impaired spatial learning and memory abilities at 6 months post‐injection and that this cognitive decline is related to cerebral microvascular injury. Moreover, insoluble α‐Syn inclusions are found to form in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) through lymphocyte‐activation gene 3 (Lag3)‐dependent α‐Syn PFFs endocytosis, causing poly(ADP‐ribose)‐driven cell death and reducing the expression of tight junction proteins in BMVECs. Knockout of Lag3 in vitro prevents α‐Syn PFFs from entering BMVECs, thereby reducing the abovementioned response induced by α‐Syn PFFs. Deletion of endothelial cell‐specific Lag3 in vivo reverses the negative effects of α‐Syn PFFs on cerebral microvessels and cognitive function. In short, this study reveals the effectiveness of targeting Lag3 to block the spread of α‐Syn fibrils to endothelial cells in order to improve cognition.
New Anthranilic Acid Hydrazones as Fenamate Isosteres: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, Dynamics & in Silico ADME, in Vitro Anti‐Inflammatory and Anticancer Activity Studies
Authors: Şenol Halil , Çağman Zeynep , Gençoğlu Katmerlikaya Tuğba , Sinan Tokalı Feyzi
Published: June 2023

In this study, twenty new anthranilic acid hydrazones 6–9 (a–e) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR – 13C‐NMR), and High‐resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HR‐MS). The inhibitory effects of the compounds against COX‐II were evaluated. IC50 values of the compounds were found in the range of >200–0.32 μM and compounds 6e, 8d, 8e, 9b, 9c, and 9e were determined to be the most effective inhibitors. Cytotoxic effects of the most potent compounds were investigated against human hepatoblastoma (Hep‐G2) and human healthy embryonic kidney (Hek‐293) cell lines. Doxorubicin (IC50: 8.68±0.16 μM for Hep‐G2, 55.29±0.56 μM for Hek‐293) was used as standard. 8e is the most active compound, with low IC50 against Hep‐G2 (4.80±0.04 μM), high against Hek‐293 (159.30±3.12), and high selectivity (33.15). Finally, molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to understand ligand‐protein interactions between the most potent compounds and COX II, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Transforming Growth Factor beta II (TGF‐βII). The docking scores were calculated in the range of −10.609–−6.705 kcal/mol for COX‐II, −8.652–−7.743 kcal/mol for EGFR, and −10.708–−8.596 kcal/mol for TGF‐βII.
Simultaneous optimization of carbon yield and iodine adsorption of ACFs derived from carpet wastes
Authors: Nasouri Komeil , Mousavi Fatemeh Sadat , Ahmadi Simin
Published: June 2023

Recycling post‐consumer carpet waste is a critical consideration for decreasing the environmental hazard of non‐biodegradable plastics. Therefore, the manufacturing of activated carbon fibres (ACFs) from post‐consumer carpet waste treated with KOH was modelled and optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). The simultaneous effects of carbonization rate, pyrolysis temperature, and activation time on the performance of carpet waste‐based ACFs were studied. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to study the influence of three significant processing parameters on the carbon yield and iodine adsorption of synthesized ACFs. The RSM analysis established that pyrolysis temperature was the most important parameter affecting the ACFs' performance. The optimum settings that led to the production of high carbon yield and iodine adsorption of ACFs were a carbonization rate of 5.4°C/min, pyrolysis temperature of 705.7°C, and activation time of 83 min. The carbon yield and iodine adsorption under the above conditions were obtained at 49.8 ± 0.9 wt.% and 1351 ± 45 mg/g, respectively. BBD has been established to be a powerful approach in modelling and optimization to achieve high‐quality of iodine adsorbents from carpet wastes.
19F VT NMR: Novel Tm3+and Ce3+Complexes Provide New Insight into Temperature Measurement Using Molecular Sensors
Authors: Mysegaes Felix , Spiteller Peter , Bernarding Johannes , Plaumann Markus
Published: June 2023

In the past few decades, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR imaging (MRI) have developed into a powerful non‐invasive tool for medical diagnostic and therapy. Especially19F MR shows promising potential because of the properties of the fluorine atom and the negligible background signals in the MR spectra. The detection of temperature in a living organism is quite difficult, and usually external thermometers or fibers are used. Temperature determination via MRS needs temperature‐sensitive contrast agents. This article reports first results of solvent and structural influences on the temperature sensitivity of19F NMR signals of chosen molecules. By using this chemical shift sensitivity, a local temperature can be determined with a high precision. Based on this preliminary study, we synthesized five metal complexes and compared the results of all variable temperature measurements. It is shown that the highest19F MR signal temperature dependence is detectable for a fluorine nucleus in a Tm3+‐complex.
The effect of CSR on corporate social performance: Mediating role of corporate image, green innovation and moderating role of corporate identity
Authors: Fosu Edward , Yi Kaigang , Asiedu Deborah
Published: June 2023

Although some previous studies have demonstrated the positive influence of CSR on corporate performance, astonishingly few studies on CSR practices and their impacts on corporate social performance have been conducted. With growing concerns about companies' social and environmental impacts, our study emphasizes the effect of CSR on corporate social performance to strengthen the existing knowledge of concepts. This study also examines contingent factors that affect the relationship between CSR and corporate social performance. We investigate the mediation role of corporate image and green innovation that may affect the social performance of CSR practices. This differs from previous research that studied the direct relationship between CSR and corporate performance. We selected 650 participants from companies in Ghana and a structural equation model (SEM) by a bootstrap technique in Amos 23.0 was performed. We demonstrate that CSR activities relate to corporate social performance through corporate image and green innovation. Additionally, our results establish that corporate identity moderates the relationships between corporate image and social performance, green innovation and corporate social performance. The study makes conceptual and practical contributions to the existing understanding of CSR developments and their generalizability.
Posttranslational modifications of NLRP3 and their regulatory roles in inflammasome activation
Authors: Qin Ying , Zhao Wei
Published: June 2023

The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimolecular complex that plays a fundamental role in inflammation. Optimal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial for host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activity has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of NLRP3, a key inflammasome sensor, play critical roles in directing inflammasome activation and controlling the severity of inflammation and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, peritonitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Various NLRP3 PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, could direct inflammasome activation and control inflammation severity by affecting the protein stability, ATPase activity, subcellular localization, and oligomerization of NLRP3 as well as the association between NLRP3 and other inflammasome components. Here, we provide an overview of the PTMs of NLRP3 and their roles in controlling inflammation and summarize potential anti‐inflammatory drugs targeting NLRP3 PTMs.
Reductive Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination of Nitroarenes with Aryl (pseudo)Halides
Authors: Cao Tian , Luo Yi‐Peng , Cheng Long , Zhao Jia‐Li , Jia Qiao‐Sen , Zhang Shu , Liu Xiang‐Wei
Published: June 2023

De novo catalytic syntheses of diarylamines from a palladium‐catalyzed reductive Buchwald‐Hartwig amination of nitroarenes with aryl (pseudo)halides is described. The exquisite use of upstream nitroarenes as arylamine surrogates, the judicious selection of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) as a stoichiometric reducing agent, and wide substrate scope including (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br and I) and aryl triflates, constitute the striking features of the current protocol. Moreover, application of this technique to the syntheses of advanced intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients also proved successful, thus providing an alternative step‐economical approach to the syntheses of diarylamine‐incorporated molecules. Preliminary mechanistic investigation demonstrates that an amine and a nitrosoarene intermediates might be involved in this reductive event.