bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and optimization of niosomal carriers containing doxorubicin in order to achieve a final formulation with high potential in cancer cells temperature and acidity
Authors: شاهی مالمیر هاشم , کلانتر سیدمهدی , ساسانی الهام , اسگری مرتضی , مجدی زاده محمد , حقیرالسادات بی بی فاطمه
Published: February 2019

مقدمه: دوکسوروبیسین، از متداول ترین داروهای مورد استفاده در شیمی‌درمانی سرطان با عوارض جانبی بسیار همراه بوده و این حقیقت استفاده از آن را با محدودیت هایی مواجه می سازد. در مطالعه حاضر با تکیه بر دانش نانوحامل های دارویی، فرمولاسیون‌های متعددی از فرم نیوزومه‌ شده این دارو سنتز شده و بهینه‌سازی های سطحی در خصوص فرمولاسیون منتخب نهایی اعمال گردید.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه تجربی است. سامانه های نیوزومی با فرمولاسیون‌های متعدد و استفاده از توئین-60 و کلسترول به روش هیدراتاسیون فیلم نازک سنتز شدند. داروی دوکسوروبیسین به طور غیرفعال درون نیوزوم ها بارگذاری شد.  سپس بهینه سازی ها بر اساس انتخاب تجربی دو فرمول از 6 فرمول ساخته شده، و بررسی اثر افزودن تویین20، پلیمر DSPE-mPEG (2000) و فسفولیپید کاتیونی DOTAP (به ترتیب) صورت پذیرفت. سپس شاخصه های فیزیکوشیمیایی نانوسامانه از منظر بازده درون‌گیری، پروفایل رهایش دارو در شرایط مشابه سلول‌های سالم و سرطانی، قطر هیدرودینامیک،Poly Dispersity Index ، پتانسیل زتا، مورفولوژی و طیف Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) تعیین گردید. به منظور رسم گراف ها و بیان داده ها به ترتیب از نرم افزارهای Origin و Excel استفاده شد.
نتایج: فرمول نیوزوم بهینه شده نهایی نیوزومی دارای قطر nm59/92، انکپسولاسیون 43/0 ± 8/91%، پتانسیل زتا mV5/3- و شاخص پراکندگی 196/0 می باشد. حداکثر رهایش دارو از نانوسامانه  تحت شرایط سلول‌های سالم و سرطانی (C° 37، 4/7=pH و C° 42، 4/5=pH) بعد از گذشت 48 ساعت، به ترتیب؛ 3/62% و 5/76% بوده است. بررسی های Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope و IR نشان از مورفولوژی کروی و عدم وجود برهم کنش شیمیایی میان نانوسامانه و دارو بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نیمه ‌هدفمند ‌بودن این حامل دارویی را اثبات می کند. هم چنین نشان می هد، نیوزوم  بدون ایجاد تغییر در ماهیت شیمیایی دارو و با تخصصی نمودن دارو‌رسانی، اثربخشی و کیفیت‌زندگی بیمار را افزایش و عوارض جانبی را کاهش می دهد.
The marginal morality (die Grenzen der Moral) as an ethical challenge and as the knowledge on how to gain competitive advantage
Authors: Rotengruber Przemysław
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article is to scrutinize the relationship between the moral attitude of an entrepreneur and his or her possibility to gain competitive advantage. This declaration leads to the following question: does the everyday practice confirm or deny the economic usefulness of the postulate of corporate social responsibility? On the one hand, moral desertion is obviously profitable (also in the economic sense). Partners of the deserter, in most cases, are not able to avoid (unexpected and expansive) consequences of his or her new attitude towards them. On the other hand, this strategy—in long-term perspective—seems to be doubtfully profitable. The former victims orientate themselves to their new circumstances and become ready to face the attack. Therefore, the corporate social responsibility, in the final calculation, should be taken as the only way to protect active participants of the market against the temptation to neglect their obligation towards people, who can punish or reward them (as stakeholders and whistleblowers).
The human as capital? A contribution to the critique of the theory of human capital
Authors: Drobny Paweł
Published: February 2019

In modern economic theories, human qualities are treated as autonomous production factors, which are called “human capital”. However, these theories provide no description of the relationship between human capital and the man who is its “bearer”, nor an explanation of the formation process of that capital. In the thesis, the author tries to justify it as follows: human qualities, including knowledge and skills, are an integral part of a human being, that is, they are involved in every human act. It is, therefore, wrong to analyse their economic significance in isolation from the whole structure of human activity. Through his or her action, man discovers the potential in things and relationships in the form of the possibility of using them for a particular purpose. Capital is thus realized by the human potential of things that form a system for transforming the world. In the first part of the article, a general description of human capital will be provided. In the second part, it will be criticized, while in the third part, there will be an attempt to show the proper relationship between man and capital from the perspective of personalism.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ В КУПОЛЕ С УЧЁТОМ ГИДРАТООБРАЗОВАНИЯ, ЛИМИТИРУЮЩЕГОСЯ ТЕПЛООБМЕНОМ
Authors: (Svetlana R. Kildibaeva) Кильдибаева Светлана Рустамовна , (Ilyas K. Gimaltdinov) Гималтдинов Ильяс Кадирович
Published: February 2019

Актуальность исследования связана с увеличением масштабов добычи углеводородов в шельфовой зоне Мирового океана и сопутствующими рисками аварийных разливов углеводородов. В качестве одного из способов ликвидации последствий глубоководных утечек предлагается установка купола над местом утечки. При ликвидации разлива нефти на нефтедобывающей платформе Deepwater Horizon была предпринята попытка установки устройства в виде купола, но гидраты, накопленные внутри купола, придавали конструкции плавучесть, вследствие чего купол всплывал и не мог быть зафиксирован. В связи с этим необходимо исследовать процесс гидратообразования и исключить его негативное влияние на работу купола. Для описания гидратообразования на поверхности пузырьков метана предложена предельная схема, согласно которой гидратообразование лимитируется теплообменом. В более ранних работах было рассмотрено накопление углеводородов с учётом гидратообразования, лимитируемого диффузией, что является другим предельным случаем описания гидратообразования. Исследуется математическая модель работы купола. В устройстве предусмотрены трубки для откачки накопленных углеводородов, это позволит избежать проблем с всплытием купола из-за накопления газа и гидрата. Цель: исследовать особенности накопления углеводородов (нефти, газа, гидрата) в куполе для случая, когда гидратообразование лимитируется теплообменом с окружающей средой. Объект: струя углеводородов, состоящая из воды, капель нефти, пузырьков газа и композитных пузырьков, которая попадая в купол, приводит к накоплению углеводородов в нём. Теплофизические характеристики окружающей среды соответствуют условиям стабильного существования гидрата. Методы. Построена математическая модель накопления углеводородов в куполе. Для описания процессов тепломассопереноса использована система уравнений, включающая законы сохранения масс для компонентов, поступающих из струи (газ, нефть и гидрат), уравнения сохранения энергии для слоев газа и нефти, а также вспомогательные уравнения для расчетов тепловых потоков. Результаты. Рассмотрен процесс накопления углеводородов в куполе в случае, когда гидратообразование на поверхности пузырьков метана лимитируется теплообменом. Когда плотность композитных пузырьков больше плотности нефти, слой гидрата (образованного композитными пузырьками) накапливается между слоями нефти и воды, в случае, когда плотность пузырька меньше плотности нефти, слой гидрата (образованного композитными пузырьками) накапливается между слоями газа и нефти. Определены температурные поля для углеводородов, накопленных внутри купола. С течением времени температуры слоев газа и нефти стремятся к температуре поступающих из струи нефти и газа.
ИЗОТОПНЫЙ СОСТАВ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ОСАДКОВ В ПРЕДГОРЬЯХ АЛТАЯ: ДАННЫЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ И ИНТЕРПОЛЯЦИИ
Authors: (Natalia S. Malygina) Малыгина Наталья Сергеевна , (Alla N. Eirikh) Эйрих Алла Николаевна , (Nadezhda Yu. Kurepina) Курепина Надежда Юрьевна , (Tatiana S. Papina) Папина Татьяна Савельевна
Published: February 2019

Актуальность. В последние годы соотношения стабильных изотопов кислорода и водорода в атмосферных осадках, полученных на станциях сети Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), активно используются в качестве надежных маркеров современных, а также прогнозируемых климатических и гидрологических изменений. Однако для обширной территории России наборы таких данных существенно ограничены не только в пространстве, но и по времени. Одним из наиболее перспективных районов исследования в данном направлении является предгорье Алтая – территория, на которой отмечаются значительные климатические и гидрологические изменения в последние десятилетия. Цель: оценить в предгорьях Алтая изменение изотопного состава атмосферных осадков, отобранных в исследуемый период в соответствие с рекомендациями GNIP, и сравнить их с данными интерполяции на основе раннее полученных результатов по сети GNIP для сопредельных территорий. Методика. Отбор проб атмосферных осадков осуществлялся в соответствии с критериями GNIP. Синоптический анализ проводился с учетом данных метеонаблюдений ближайшей метеостанции Росгидромета. Изотопный анализ атмосферных осадков был выполнен методом лазерной абсорбционной ИК-спектрометрии на приборе PICARRO L2130-i. Полученные результаты сравнивали с интерполированными данными GNIP для предгорной зоны Алтая, рассчитанными с помощью ISOtopic GRIdded Rainfall Data Software (ISOGRIDS) и Isoscapes Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (IsoMAP). Результаты. Анализ изотопного состава атмосферных осадков, отобранных в 2016 г. в предгорьях Алтая в соответствие с рекомендациями GNIP, показал их существенное варьирование. Сравнение изотопного состава атмосферных осадков, одновременно отбиравшихся на изучаемой территории по двум схемам (индивидуальный отбор и ежемесячный), показало высокую степень согласованности, что позволяет при ограниченных условиях применять только их ежемесячный (не событийный) отбор. Сравнение средневзвешенных месячных значений изотопного состава отобранных атмосферных осадков и рассчитанных в IsoMAP и ISOGRIDS показало максимальные отличия в феврале и сентябре. Выявленные отличия связаны с особенностями синоптических условий 2016 г., а именно с устойчивыми положительными температурами в феврале, что нетипично для исследуемой территории, и небольшой повторяемостью осадков в сентябре.
Eine Analyse zur Lernstrategie und -technik der Lehramtstudenten des Deutschen als Fremdsprache im 1. Studienjahr der Uludağ Universität
Authors: CEYLAN Yasemin , ORHAN Arzu
Published: February 2019

In der folgenden
Arbeit wird eine Untersuchung der Lerntechnik der Lehramtstudierenden des
Deutschen als Fremdsprache im 1. Studienjahr der Uludağ Universität vorgestellt.
 Um Informationen über die Lerntechnik der
Studierenden  zu sammeln und auszuwerten,
wurde ein Fragebogen eingesetzt, dessen Zielstellung nicht die Feststellung von
guten oder schlechten Lerntechniknutzern verfolgt, sondern versucht
herauszustellen, welche Lerntechniken Studierende bevorzugen oder ablehnen. Die
Ergebnisse des Fragebogens zeigen, dass die Studierenden Lernstrategien und –techniken nicht ausreichend und
unbewusst anwenden  und dass die Einbindung
von Lernstrategien und –techniken in den Lehrveranstaltungen auf die
Studierenden einen positiven Einfluss haben wird. Dieses ermöglicht den
Studierenden ein eigenverantwortliches Lernen, welches mit praxisorientiertem
Lernen zu tun hat. Wichtig war es, den Studierenden bewusst zu machen, dass die
Lehrkraft nicht die fertige Informationen und Arbeitspläne liefert, sondern
dass die Aufgabe der Studierenden darin besteht, zu recherchieren, analysieren und
zu planen. Somit wird ihnen der Einstieg in das autonome Lernen erleichtert.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Farklılıklara Saygı Algılarının Anne Eğitim Düzeyine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: BAŞAL Handan Asûde , SARI Burcu , ÇELİK Merve , ŞEKER Tuğba , ŞAHİN Merve
Published: February 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı;
anne eğitim düzeyinin okul öncesi dönem çocukların farklılıklara saygı algısı
üzerinde anlamlı fark oluşturma durumunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın
örneklemini ise Bursa İli Osmangazi İlçesinde bulunan anaokuluna devam eden
40’ı kız, 44’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 84 beş-altı yaş çocuğu ve bu çocukların
anneleri (n=84) olmak üzere toplam 168 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunda
yer alan annelerin 23’ü ilköğretim, 30’u lise ve 31’i üniversite mezunu olarak
seçilmiştir. Genel tarama modelinde yürütülen bu çalışmanın verileri, araştırma
amacına uygun olan “Farklılıklara Saygı Ölçeği” (Ekmişoğlu, 2007) aracılığıyla
toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, çocukların ölçekten aldıkları puanların
frekans ve yüzde dağılımları tablolar halinde sunulmuş olup, anne eğitim
düzeyine ilişkin sonuçlar ise ANOVA yöntemi ile test edilmiş ve sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda;
çocukların farklılıklara saygı ölçeğinden aldıkları puanların anne eğitim
düzeyine göre anlamlı derecede farklılaşmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak, ölçek
maddeleri detaylı olarak incelendiğinde; çocukların cinsiyet rollerine ve
engelli bireylere ilişkin maddelere verdikleri cevapların puan ortalamalarının
ölçeğin diğer maddelerinin puan ortalamalarına göre daha düşük olduğu
görülmüştür.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Akademik İçsel Motivasyonları İle Özliderlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÇUBUKCU Ayşe , BAĞÇELİ KAHRAMAN Pınar
Published: February 2019

Bu araştırma okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının akademik içsel motivasyonları ile özliderlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubunu 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Temel Eğitim Bölümü Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı’nda öğrenim gören toplam 226 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, Özliderlik Ölçeği ve Akademik İçsel Motivasyon Ölçeği ile Kişisel Bilgi Formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının akademik içsel motivasyonları ile özliderlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki “Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon Katsayısı” ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sınıf düzeyine göre okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının akademik içsel motivasyonları ve özliderlik düzeyleri arasında farklılık olup olmadığı da “Kruskal Wallis Testi” ile incelenmiştir.  Araştırma neticesinde okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının akademik içsel motivasyonları ile özliderlik düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Değişen dünyaya ayak uydurabilmek için öz liderlik düzeyi yüksek ve işini severek yapan bireylerin yetiştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu durum da öncelikle öğretmenlerin bu becerilerle donanmış olmasından geçmektedir.
Sanayi Domatesi Üretiminde Toprak Tipi ve Çeşit Seçiminin Verim ve Meyve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: TÜRK Bilge , NAS Yahya , DUMAN İbrahim , ŞEN Fatih , TUNCAY Özlem
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Çalışma, iki farklı toprak tipinde yetiştirilen Uno Rosso ve H-5803 sanayi domatesi (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) çeşitlerinin verim ve meyve kalitesindeki değişimin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Materyal ve Metot: Kumlu-tın ve killi-tın toprak tipinde yetiştirilen her iki sanayi domatesi çeşitlerinin bitki besleme ve kültürel işlemler aynı şekilde yapılmıştır. Parsellerden ticari olum dönemde hasat edilen domates meyvelerinde verim ve bazı kalite parametreleri incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Kumlu-tın toprak tipinde H-5803 domates çeşidinin meyve verimi (9405.0 kg/da) ve salça verimi (1652.1 kg/da) daha yüksek iken, killi-tın koşullarda ise Uno Rosso çeşidinin meyve verimi (9075.0 kg/da) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. H-5803 domates çeşidinin meyve ağırlığı killi-tın ve kumlu-tın toprak tipinde en yüksek olup, sırasıyla 96.10 g ve 89.87 g olarak belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: H-5803 ve Uno Rosso sanayi domatesi çeşidinin meyve sertliği, meyve ve pulp rengine, suda çözünür kuru madde, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, EC değeri, likopen, C vitamini, toplam fenol miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesi her iki toprak tipinin etkisi önemli bulunmamıştır.
Power Factor Compensation in Non-Sinusoidal Circuits Using Geometric Algebra and Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Montoya Francisco G. , Alcayde Alfredo , Arrabal-Campos Francisco M. , Baños Raul
Published: February 2019

Non-linear loads in circuits cause the appearance of harmonic disturbances both in voltage and current. In order to minimize the effects of these disturbances and, therefore, to control over the flow of electricity between the source and the load, they are often used passive or active filters. Nevertheless, determining the type of filter and the characteristics of their elements is not a trivial task. In fact, the development of algorithms for calculating the parameters of filters is still an open question. This paper analyzes the use of genetic algorithms to maximize the power factor compensation in non-sinusoidal circuits using passive filters, while concepts of geometric algebra theory are used to represent the flow of power in the circuits. According to the results obtained in different case studies, it can be concluded that the genetic algorithm obtain high quality solutions that could be generalized to similar problems of any dimension.
Fine Roots of Parashorea chinensis Decompose Slower than Twigs
Authors: Dossa Gbadamassi G.O. , Jin Yan-Qiang , Lü Xiao-Tao , Tang Jian-Wei , Harrison Rhett D.
Published: February 2019

Plants produce above- and below-ground biomass. However, our understanding of both production and decomposition of below-ground biomass is poor, largely because of the difficulties of accessing study materials. Below-ground organic matter decomposition studies are scanty and especially rare in the tropics. Here, we used a litter bag experiment to quantify the mass loss and nutrients dynamics of decomposing twigs and fine roots from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associated tree, Parashorea chinensis, in a tropical rain forest in Southwest China. Overall, twig litter decomposed 1.9 times faster than fine roots (decay rate (k) twig=0.255, root=0.134). The difference in decomposition rates can be explained by a difference in phosphorus (P) concentration, availability and use by decomposers or C quality. Both materials showed an increase in N concentration, with final measurements still higher than initial levels. This suggests N may not be available due to microbial immobilization. Both carbon and nitrogen dynamics were significantly predicted by mass loss and showed a negative and positive relationship, respectively. Our study results imply that fine roots carbon and nitrogen contribute more to soils organic matter and enlarge the resident time. Therefore, better understanding of carbon cycle requires better understanding of mechanisms governing below ground biomass decomposition.   
Conceptual Understanding Analysis Through Two-Tier Model Diagnostic Tests on Acid-Base Materials
Authors: Dewi Sintia Ayu , Susilaningsih Endang , Sulistyaningsih Triastuti
Published: February 2019

This research aims to organize instrument of computer-based two-tier multiple choices diagnostic test. The research method used was quantitative and qualitative method. This research was conducted in class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 4, Senior High School 1 Ungaran. The research procedure was designed starting from selecting the difficult subjects, arranging test plan, designing two-tier model of diagnostic test, designing web, tryout, analysis of tryout data, diagnostic test, interview, and analysis of concept understanding. The finding of the research that the instrument was valid and reliable. The result of students’ concept understanding of acid-base on implementation class showed that 9 of 35 students (26.86%) understood the concept thoroughly, 4 of 35 students (8.43%) got misconception, 1 of 35 students (3.71%) kept guessing, 12 of 35 students (34.86%) grasped less understanding while 9 of 35 students (26.14%) did not understand the concept of Acid-Base. The inference drawn of this recent study is that computer-based two-tier diagnostic test instrument can be used to analyze students’ concept understanding about acid-base by combined interpretation of students’ answers with several categories of concept understanding, misconception, guessing, less understanding of the concept, and failure to understand the concept.

 

 
Concentration Conditions of Carbon Dioxide in Bukittinggi During the Event of El Niño 2015
Authors: Martono Martono , Komala Ninong
Published: February 2019

In 2015, about 2.61 million ha of land and forests in Indonesia were on fire and indicated will increase the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to understand the condition of CO2 concentration at Bukittinggi during El Niño 2015. The data used was the data of Kototabang CO2 concentration, NINO3.4 index and chlorophyll-a concentration from 2004-2016. The results showed that CO2 concentration at Bukittinggi from 2004-2016 was increased of about 2.4 ppm/year. CO2 concentration in the first transition season (March-May) and the east season (June-August) 2015 were approximately 397 and 395 ppm, respectively, lower than that in 2016 on the same months which was about 401 and 397 ppm, respectively. In the second transition season (September-November) in 2015, CO2 concentration reached 401 ppm which was higher than that in 2016 which was only 397 ppm. In 2015, chlorophyll-a concentration in the southern waters of Java increased about 14% in the east season and reached 50% during the second transition season. Therefore, small increase of CO2 concentration during El Niño 2015 was indicated as a result of high uptake of CO2 by the sea for photosynthesis needs.
Relações entre Estado, Administração Pública e sociedade: a corrupção como fenômeno multicultural e a afetação dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Hennig Leal Mônia Clarissa , Moraes Maria Valentina de
Published: February 2019

A proteção e realização de direitos fundamentais é uma das principais finalidades do Estado, trazendo a Constituição Federal brasileira, logo nos capítulos iniciais, um rol de direitos fundamentais. Contudo, ainda é precária sua realização, sendo um dos principais argumentos invocados para sua não concretização, pelo Poder Executivo, a falta de recursos. Diante do aumento de atos corruptivos, os valores desviados acabam por afetar a promoção de direitos, contribuindo para a alegada escassez de recursos. Pretende-se analisar, utilizando-se do método dedutivo, como ocorre essa relação entre corrupção e desvios de verbas públicas dela decorrentes com a não concretização de direitos fundamentais, especialmente sociais, questionando-se como a corrupção afeta sua efetividade. Aborda-se, então, aspectos relativos aos direitos fundamentais, discutindo-se, as relações entre Estado e administração pública para, por fim, tratar da corrupção como fenômeno multicultural que é, observando em que níveis acarreta uma precarização na prestação de direitos fundamentais. Pode se perceber que os recursos desviados em decorrência de atos corruptivos impactam diretamente a promoção de direitos fundamentais e, mesmo com a recuperação desses valores, geram um déficit em termos de realização contínua de direitos, sendo de grande importância trabalhar com uma lógica preventiva e não apenas repressiva quanto à corrupção.
Bank stability in South Africa: what matters?
Authors: Mishi Syden , Alwyn Khumalo Sibanisezwe
Published: February 2019

The study examined the determinants of bank stability within the South African banking sector. By controlling for individual bank characteristics and market characteristics, the study determined possible determinants of solvency, a proxy for bank stability, measured by z-score within the South African financial sector. The South African financial sector is highly concentrated but with a significantly large number of banks, the greater portion being foreign owned banks. The business models of some of the financial intermediaries differ from the big four and therefore the influence of the type of business model is of great interest in this study, as it highlights a unique feature of the South African financial sector. The study’s investigation used panel data estimation techniques and found that among the specific bank characteristics, lending activity and capitalization do significantly affect solvency of banks and at sector level concentration was significant. The crisis dummy also revealed that the presence of a financial crisis heightened insolvency. The results have implications for financial institutions and therefore are of interest to regulators, bank management and researchers. Policy prescription in the form of Prompt Corrective Action framework is made to ensure proactive reaction to trends likely to cause instability.
Investigation on hydrothermal processes in a large channel-type reservoir using an integrated physics-based model
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhang Man , Zhou Jianjun , Lin Binliang
Published: February 2019

Hydrothermal processes are vital for the aquatic ecology and environments of a river. In recent decades, as high dams have been increasingly built in large rivers, many channel-type reservoirs have formed. With a considerable amount of water being impounded, the original riverine hydrothermal regimes are modified or even profoundly changed. Existing studies are mainly focused on the thermal stratification in lake-type reservoirs with weak vertical mixing, while channel-type reservoirs are rarely investigated where the vertical mixing is relatively strong due to the large riverine discharge. In this study, the impact of dam operation on the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was investigated, including the water level, discharge and temperature, by applying an integrated physics-based model developed using field data. The present numerical model was built based on a hydrothermal dynamic model and a box model. The results indicate that the reservoir has caused a significant thermal lag between the inflow and outflow, with the temperature difference being up to 5 °C. A highly correlated dependency has been found between the dam-regulated water level and the inflow/outflow temperature difference. The present method and conclusions are potentially useful for managing the TGR and other channel-type reservoirs.
Volume Measurement in the Diagnosis of Mounier Kuhn Syndrome and an Unknown Accompanying Pathology: Pulmonary Artery Enlargement
Authors: Aktaş Fatma , Aktaş Turan
Published: February 2019

Background:

Mounier Kuhn Syndrome (MKS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized
by abnormal dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi. The aim of this study is to discuss tracheal
volume measurement in MKS, and the pathologies accompanying MKS, especially pulmonary
artery enlargement.

Materials and Methods:

38 patients, 18 of whom were diagnosed with MKS and 20 as control
group, were included in the study. Trachea volume and pulmonary artery diameter were measured
through thorax-computed tomography (CT) images of the patients. Accompanying pathologies
were recorded.

Results:

In the measurements done through the CT scans, the trachea volume was found to be
25.45 cm3 in the control group and 44.17 cm3 in the patient group. The most frequent accompanying
pathologies were tracheal diverticulum, bronchiectasis and pulmonary artery enlargement.

Conclusion:

In patients with MKS, there is a significant difference in volume calculation as in
trachea diameter. Though bronchiectasis and tracheal diverticulum are known as pathologies most
frequently accompanying MKS, to the knowledge of the researchers, pulmonary artery enlargement
due to the increase in pulmonary truncus diameter was first emphasized in this article.
Chondral Injury After Inside-Out Meniscal Suture Repair Using Meniscal Sutures
Authors: Mine Takatomo , Hayashi Riri , Ihara Koichiro , Kawamura Hiroyuki , Kuriyama Ryutaro , Tominaga Yasuhiro
Published: February 2019

Chondral injury after arthroscopic meniscal suture repair is rare. We present a case of chondral injury due to the migration of suture after meniscal repair. The aberrant suture that remained temporarily at the medial tibiofemoral joint may have led to the chondral lesion of the femoral medial condyle and the tibial medial plateau at the weight-bearing portion.
A Systematic Review of Reliability Issues in RF-MEMS Switches
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Mubasher , Nawaz Hamid
Published: February 2019

The main challenge in the commercialization of the RF-MEMS switches is their reliability, related to both the electrical and mechanical domains. The development of test standards and understanding the underlying physics of different failure modes has always been of major concern for the RF-MEMS designers. This paper reviews the different failure modes in the RF-MEMS switches like stiction, residual stress, cyclic fatigue, creep, wear and packaging in detail. The origin of these failure modes, their characterization procedure and respective solutions presented in the literature are presented to get a better understanding of the state of the art work done in the field RF-MEMS reliability for nearly past two decades.
Pollution Control in Meat Industry
Authors: Kharat Dal Singh
Published: February 2019

Meat industry generates various wastes such as effluent, emissions and solid
wastes that pose environmental and health problems. The effluent released from the meat
industries finds its way into the natural water resources and degrade the water quality. The
solid wastes of meat industry create a public nuisance by way of foul smell if it is not handled
properly. The effluents, as well as solid wastes of meat industries, are possible sources
of pathogens that are hazardous to human health. Waste minimization, segregation of wastes
and treatment, processing of wastes to make possible recoveries of by-products and the final
disposal are the basic steps for containment of pollution from the meat industry. The effluent
treatment technologies include primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment.
Composting, biomehtanation, rendering, incineration and burial are the processes for
disposing of the solid wastes generated by meat industries. Appropriate treatment process is
selected considering the level of pollution, mode of disposal and the environmental standards.
The treatment and processing of meat industry wastes minimize the pollution problems
and also give scope for the recovery of by-products such as bone and meat meal, tallow,
methane and manure that have commercial values. The meat industries also generate odours
that are required to be contained using suitable control devices. The paper seeks to give an
overview of the pollution control technologies currently in use for the treatment of effluents
and solid wastes, and possible recovery of by-products.
Development of a Multi-Hazard Landscape for Exposure and Risk Interpretation: The PRISM Approach
Authors: Buck Kyle D. , Summers Kevin J. , Hafner Stephen , Smith Lisa M. , Harwell Linda C.
Published: February 2019

Background: Multi-hazard risk assessment has long been centered on small scale
needs, whereby a single community or group of communities’ exposures are assessed to
determine potential mitigation strategies. While this approach has advanced the understanding
of hazard interactions, it is limiting on larger scales or when significantly different hazard
types are present. In order to address some of these issues, an approach is developed
where multiple hazards coalesce with losses into an index representing the risk landscape.

Methods:

Exposures are assessed as a proportion of land-area, allowing for multiple hazards
to be combined in a single calculation. Risk calculations are weighted by land-use types
(built, dual-benefit, natural) in each county. This allows for a more detailed analysis of land
impacts and removes some of the bias introduced by monetary losses in heavily urbanized
counties.

Results:

The results of the quantitative analysis show a landscape where the risk to natural
systems is high and the western United States is exposed to a bulk of the risk. Land-use and
temporal profiles exemplify a dynamic risk-scape.

Conclusion:

The calculation of risk is meant to inform community decisions based on the
unique set of hazards in that area over time.
An Optimal Feature Selection Method for Automatic Face Retrieval Using Enhanced Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Shukla Arun K. , Kanungo Suvendu
Published: February 2019

Background:

Retrieval of facial images based on its contents is one of the main areas of
research. However, images contain high dimensional feature vectors and it is a challenging task to
select the relevant features due to the variations available in the images of similar objects. Therefore,
the selection of relevant features is an important step to make the facial retrieval system computationally
efficient and more accurate.

Objective:

The main aim of this paper is to design and develop an efficient feature selection method
for obtaining relevant and non-redundant features from the face images so that the accuracy and
computational cost of a face retrieval system can be improved.

Methods:

The proposed feature selection method uses a new enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm
to obtain the significant features from the high dimensional features vector of face images.
The proposed algorithm modifies the target vector by considering more than one best solution which
maintain the elitism property and save the search from local optimum. Furthermore, it has been utilized
to select the prominent features from the high dimensional facial features vector.

Results:

The performance of the proposed feature selection method has been tested on Oracle Research
Laboratory face database. The proposed method eliminates 89% features which are minimum
among the other methods and increases the accuracy of face retrieval system to 96.5%.

Conclusion:

The enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm-based feature selection method for
face retrieval system outperforms the existing methods in terms of accuracy and computational cost.
Deep Learning Based Deep Level Tagger for Malayalam
Authors: A. P. Ajees , Idicula Sumam M.
Published: February 2019

Background:

POS tagging is the process of identifying the correct grammatical category
of words based on its meaning and context in a text document. It is one of the preliminary steps in
the processing of natural language text. If any error happens in POS tagging the same will be propagated
to whole NLP applications. Hence it must be handled in a genuine and precise way.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to develop a deep level tagger for Malayalam which indicates the
semantics of nouns and verbs in a text document.

Methods:

The proposed model is a two-tier architecture consisting of deep learning as well as rulebased
approaches. The first tier consists of a tagging model, which is trained by a tagged corpus of
287,000 words. To improve the depth of tagging a suffix stripper is also used which can provide
morhological features to the shallow machine learning model.

Results:

The system is trained on 2,30,000 words and tested on 57,000 words. The accuracy of tagging
for the phase-1 architecture is 92.03%. Similarly the accuracy of phase-2 architecture is
98.11%. The overall accuracy of tagging is 91.82%.

Conclusion:

The exclusive feature of the proposed tagger is its depth in tagging the noun words.
This deep level information can be used in various semantic processing applications of the natural
language text like anaphora resolution, text summarization, machine translation, etc.
An Empirical Evaluation of Name Semantic Network for Face Annotation
Authors: Anburajan Kasthuri , Andavar Suruliandi , Elango Poongothai
Published: February 2019

Background:

Face annotation is the naming procedure to assign the correct name of a
person who has emerged on an image.

Objective:

The main objective of this paper was to compare and evaluate six feature extraction techniques
for face annotation under real-time challenging images and to find the best suitable feature
for face annotation.

Method:

From literature review, it has been observed that Name Semantic Network (NSN) outperforms
other annotation methods for various unconditioned images as well as ambiguous tags.
However, the NSN’s performance can differ with various feature extraction techniques. Hence, its
success is influenced by the feature extraction techniques that are used. Therefore, in this work, the
NSN’s performance is experimented and evaluated with various feature extraction methods such as
the Discrete Cosine Transform Local Binary Pattern (DCT-LBP), Discrete Fourier Transform Local
Binary Pattern (DFT-LBP), Local Patterns of Gradients (LPOG), Gist, Local Order-constrained
Gradient Orientations (LOGO) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) deep features.

Results:

Different feature extraction approaches demonstrate variations in performance with respect
to a range of difficulties in face annotation using the Yahoo, LFW and IMFDB databases. The experimental
results show that the deep feature method can achieve better recognition rate other than
texture features. It confronts several issues in the presentation of a face in an image and produces
better results.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the CNNs deep feature is the best feature extraction technique that
offers enhanced performance for face annotation.
Morpho-Anatomical studies of Atalantia racemosa Wight ex Hook., an important medicinal plant of Chittoor Dt. of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Authors: V. Naga Padmavathi , K. Madhava Chetty
Published: February 2019

Atalantia racemosa Wight ex Hook., belongs to the family Rutaceae and is widely used as ethnomedicine in and around chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh for various ailments. In this paper we attempted for authenticity in morphological identification of Atalantia racemosa with the Morpho-anatomical studies of root, stem and leaf inorder to provide a scientific basis for this important medicinal plant. The observations on taxonomical, macroscopical and microscopical characters confirmed that A. racemosa has apparent anatomical distinctiveness and peculiarities which differentiate with any adulterant taxa.
Usos y conocimiento tradicional de las gimnospermas en el noreste de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Bernal-Ramírez Luis Alberto , Bravo-Avilez David , Fonseca-Juárez Rosa María , Yáñez-Espinosa Laura , Gernandt David S. , Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Published: February 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En México existen alrededor de 156 especies de gimnospermas nativas pertenecientes a seis familias. Para el estado de Oaxaca, se registran 45 especies de gimnospermas y sus habitantes poseen un sobresaliente conocimiento ancestral en el uso tradicional de este grupo taxonómico. El presente estudio contribuye al registro y documentación del conocimiento tradicional de las gimnospermas en Oaxaca, a evaluar la importancia de las familias botánicas como fuente de recursos, analizar las relaciones existentes entre los grupos étnicos y la riqueza de especies útiles, así como a comparar los registros obtenidos con el número de gimnospermas a nivel nacional y estatal.Métodos: El estudio se realizó en 84 municipios en tres Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias al noreste de Oaxaca. Los datos etnobotánicos fueron recopilados mediante observación participante moderada, caminatas etnobotánicas, entrevista libre a guías locales y colecta de ejemplares botánicos. Los datos se analizaron cualitativamente para integrar el conocimiento tradicional, etnoflorístico y los aspectos ecológicos de las especies.Resultados clave: Se registraron 30 especies de las familias Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae y Zamiaceae. El mayor número de especies útiles (16) registradas pertenece a Pinaceae. Entre los zapotecos se encontraron usos para 16 diferentes especies, los mixes utilizan diez y los mazatecos nueve. Todos los taxa registrados tienen nombre común, 71% en lengua local y 97% en español. Los usos más frecuentes fueron el maderable, la construcción, el ornamental y el combustible. El bosque mesófilo de montaña es el tipo de vegetación del área estudiada que contiene el mayor número de gimnospermas útiles, con 15 especies. De los taxa registrados 45% son endémicos de México, seis especies de Pinaceae y ocho de Zamiaceae se consideran endémicos de Oaxaca.Conclusiones: Este estudio incrementa los registros sobre gimnospermas útiles en el estado de Oaxaca. Se requiere reconsiderar y entender el valor local de estas especies dentro de la cosmovisión étnica, para preservar los usos tradicionales y promover programas de manejo sostenible.
Valoración del Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social, en San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco
Authors: Arellano Ríos Alberto , Flores Ascencio Santos Joel , Piedra Ascencio Roberto Iván
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se analiza el Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social, en San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, el cual dota de servicios básicos a la población más necesitada. Para ello se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, también se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de todos los documentos relacionados con el Fondo y seis entrevistas semiestructuradas a los funcionarios implicados en su implementación. Se concluye que el Fondo tiene partes positivas: productividad y obras ejercidas, satisfacción de los beneficiarios y eficiencia y reinversión de recursos; pero también están las negativas: deficiencias en la capacitación de los colaboradores, insuficiencia de materiales, canales de comunicación intermitentes, desconocimiento de la normatividad y falta de indicadores de medición. El aporte de este artículo es que se analiza una política sectorial y nacional, pero considerando la dimensión territorial, para comprender su implementación en un lugar específico, y así brindar mejores resultados para los beneficiarios.
Las desventuras del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas en los albores del tercer milenio
Authors: Hernández-Vela Salgado Edmundo
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, el autor examina el papel que ha desempeñado el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas desde los años setenta hasta la última década del siglo XX (del inicio de la desaparición de la Guerra Fría y la implosión de la Unión Soviética a la consolidación del poder en el orden internacional) en relación con la pugna desarrollo-subdesarrollo y los retos que se plantean en los inicios del tercer milenio para países como México. Asimismo, se analizan los cambios que la Organización Mundial, y muy particularmente el Consejo de Seguridad, deberá experimentar, a partir de un concepto más amplio de paz y seguridad internacionales, para cumplir cabalmente las finalidades para las que fue creada.
Democracia, gobernabilidad y malestar social en América Latina. Una reflexión.
Authors: Córdova Solís Marycela
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, la autora examina la dicotomía de la liberalización económica y política que se presenta en América Latina a partir de las décadas de los 70 y 80. Se analiza la ambigüedad entre la apertura de los mercados nacionales y los procesos democráticos que se gestan en la mayor parte en los países de la región que, al no responder a las expectativas de sus sociedades, han coadyuvado a polarizar internamente a las mismas y en algunos casos a crear un ambiente de ingobernabilidad y de malestar social por las promesas incumplidas de la democracia, dañando la imagen de la política y de la propia democracia.
Encuestas de opinión, imagen y cambio de actitud
Authors: Kuschik Murilo
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, el autor parte de la premisa de que la modificación en la imagen de los personajes políticos puede modificar la actitud de la intención de voto del electorado. Para ilustrar este principio, el autor hecha mano de encuestas aplicadas por él mismo a la opinión pública a raíz de los llamados "videoescándalos" del 2004.
Las relaciones públicas como elemento tangencial entre la publicidad, propaganda, información y otras áreas de la comunicación
Authors: Fernández Souto Ana Belén
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, la autora analiza la definición del proceso comunicativo que se sigue en las instituciones públicas procurando profundizar en un estudio que abarque los distintos modos de comunicación que en ellas se aplica y que tantas veces resultan confusos en su identificación. La autora sostiene que partimos de un discurso político que, en muchas ocasiones, deja a un lado el fin meramente informativo de la administración respecto a sus administrados y pasa a entroncar, de forma directa, con la propaganda y el ámbito de las relaciones públicas al servicio de la política. Sostiene también que los nexos de unión entre los tres modos comunicativos información, propaganda y publicidad— se funden en uno sólo al hablar de relaciones públicas y, de forma especial, cuando nos referimos al empleo de técnicas y estrategias de estas mismas aplicadas al campo de la comunicación política.
Género y recepción televisiva: la interacción de las sujetas y los sujetos con y mediada por la televisión
Authors: Vega Montiel Aimée
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo reflexiona en torno a las posibilidades de incorporar la categoría de género al análisis de procesos comunicativos. El fenómeno que observa esta investigación es la recepción televisiva entre amas de casa y jefes de familia en México.
Las telenovelas juveniles mexicanas y las adolescentes obesas
Authors: Meza Tania
Published: February 2019

Esta investigación analiza la opresión por cuerpo (obesidad) a la que las mujeres son sometidas dentro del sistema patriarcal durante la adolescencia, específicamente a través de la representación televisiva que de las jóvenes gordas se hace en la telenovela juvenil mexicana. Los enormes niveles de audiencia que poseen las telenovelas en nuestro país hace indispensable, para los estudios de género desde las ciencias de la comunicación, estudiar el papel de las mujeres en dichas teleseries. En este análisis se pretende mostrar la triple marginación a la que son sometidas las adolescentes obesas en las telenovelas juveniles mexicanas: por ser mujeres, por ser jóvenes y por ser gordas.
El género y la escritura femenina
Authors: Téllez Josefina
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta un breve repaso de los estudios sobre la categoría género, haciendo énfasis especial en las disertaciones que se han hecho de la escritura y el género, con el fin de sustentar el análisis que se hace de la obra de la periodista, por más de seis décadas, Adelina Zendejas Gómez. (1909-1993). Asimismo, en este texto se desarrolla el contexto personal e histórico en el que esta profesional no sólo del periodismo, sino de la docencia dejó su huella.
Sobre el libro de Daniel Cazés y Fernando Huertas, Hombres ante la misoginia: miradas críticas, México, Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Plaza y Valdés. 2005, 251 pp.
Authors: Suri Karime
Published: February 2019

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Las políticas de combate a la pobreza en México y sus efectos en la elección presidencial de 2006: ¿coacción del voto o justicia social?
Authors: Pliego Carrasco Fernando
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, el autor analiza la hipótesis del uso político de los programas sociales de combate a la pobreza del gobierno de Vicente Fox para favorecer antidemocráticamente a Felipe Calderón en la contienda por la presidencia de la República mexicana en julio del 2006. Para examinarla, investiga, a través de una metodología consistente, la distribución del voto en las zonas del país que han sido beneficiadas en mayor medida por los programas federales de combate a la pobreza, tales como el Programa de Desarrollo Local Microrregiones, el Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades, Vivienda Rural, Empleo Temporal y Atención a los Adultos Mayores en Zonas Rurales. La conclusión del autor es contundente: no hay prueba del uso político de estos programas sociales para beneficiar a Calderón Hinojosa y perjudicar a López Obrador