bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Random Forest and Support Vector Regression Models in Predicting Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass
Authors: Bilgiç Gülbahar , Gök Ali Emre
Published: July 2024

The need for energy in the world is increasing day by day and various energy production methods are used to meet this need. Production of hydrogen from biomass is one of these methods. Hydrogen production from biomass is a promising process to produce hydrogen and energy which has advantages such as the ability to use sustainable energy sources like biomass and solid waste, being carbon neutral, and increasing energy independence thanks to the variation of resources and the availability of local resources. The catalysts used in this process which can be conducted in three separate ways, affect hydrogen and energy production positively or negatively. One of the most important steps in effectively acquiring the ideal amount of product is predicting the outcomes of this procedure. This article compares a support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) model to predict how various inputs used to produce hydrogen from biomass will affect hydrogen output. Additionally, the effect of catalyst addition on hydrogen yield in biomass processes was examined. In this context, 57 experimental studies from the literature were selected as a data set. From this data, 90% was selected for training and 10% for testing. The outputs were evaluated according to parameters such as R2, RMSE and MSE. The results show that RF and SVR models can significantly predict catalyst activity and hydrogen production.
A Comparative Study on Data Balancing Methods for Alzheimer's Disease Classification
Authors: Öter Esma , Doğan Yahya
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, often associated with the aging process, leading to the death of nerve cells in the brain and loss of connections. Recently, promising results have been demonstrated in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using deep learning models, and various approaches for early diagnosis have been proposed. However, the imbalance in health datasets, particularly those containing rare cases, can lead to performance losses and misleading results during model training. This study focuses on these imbalance issues, evaluating the effectiveness of different balancing methods using the Alzheimer's MRI dataset. In this context, the performance of SMOTE, ADASYN, and Weight Balancing methods is compared using a custom model. Experimental results indicate that, compared to the original imbalanced dataset, Weight balancing outperforms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. While SMOTE and ADASYN show improvement in various metrics, they are considered inferior to the Weight Balancing method. This study contributes to selecting data-balancing methods to enhance the accuracy of deep learning models in Alzheimer's disease classification and emphasizes the importance of addressing class imbalances in health datasets.
Bir Firmanın Belirsizlik Altında Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Değerlendirilmesi: Bulanık AHP Yaklaşımı
Authors: Tümay Ateş Kübra
Published: July 2024

Sürdürülebilirlik performansını belirlemek için kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler, genellikle kesin verilere dayanır ve belirsizlikleri dikkate almaz. Ancak, gerçek dünyada, sürdürülebilirlik performansını etkileyen faktörler genellikle belirsizdir. Bu nedenle, sürdürülebilirlik performansını objektif bir şekilde değerlendirmek için belirsizlikleri ele alabilen bir yöntem gereklidir. Sürdürülebilirlik, çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal boyutlarıyla karmaşık bir kavram olup, bu boyutların etkileşimi, işletmelerin uzun vadeli başarısı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma, bu boyutlar arasındaki ilişkileri ve önem sıralarını belirlemek için bulanık mantık prensiplerini entegre eden bir Fuzzy Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yaklaşımını önermektedir. Fabrikaların sürdürülebilirlik performansını belirlemek için Fuzzy AHP yöntemi kullanılarak altı temel kriterin sürdürülebilirliğe olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu altı temel kriter alanında uzman kişiler ve fabrika yönetimi ile birlikte; enerji verimliliği, atık yönetimi, su kullanımı, işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği, toplumsal katılım ve sorumluluk, ve tedarik zinciri yönetimi olarak firmaların sürdürülebilirlik performansını belirlemek için seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bir fabrika için “Enerji Verimliliği” kriterinin 0,27 puan ile diğer kriterlerden çok daha öncelikli olduğu saptanmıştır.
An ERP Based Industry 4.0 Maturity Model Proposal
Authors: Elibal Kerem , Özceylan Eren , Çetinkaya Cihan
Published: July 2024

This study proposes an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) based Industry 4.0 maturity. The model aims to make the vast array of Industry 4.0 technologies comprehensible and actionable for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) by mapping them to specific ERP functions, thus enabling a more agile and tailored approach to digitalization. A comprehensive literature review revealed limited research on this integrated approach and highlighted the need for a model that supports quick assessments and adaptable implementation strategies. A sample application has been conducted in a manufacturing company and it has been seen that the model leverages ERP's modularity to address company-specific needs and includes rapid evaluation features that provides to the dynamic requirements of SMEs, enhancing their competitive edge in the digital landscape. Additionally, the findings serve as a valuable guide for ERP designers/vendors, providing insights into the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies that can enhance ERP system capabilities.
MR Görüntülerinden Alzheimer Hastalığının Sınıflandırılması için Inception ve Sıkma-Uyarma Ağı Tabanlı Derin Öğrenme Modeli
Authors: Fırat Hüseyin , Üzen Hüseyin
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) ilerleyici bir beyin hastalığıdır ve yaşlı yetişkinlerde demansın önde gelen nedenidir. Hastalığın ilk aşamalarında tedavi daha etkili olduğu için erken teşhis hayati önem taşımaktadır. Derin öğrenme tekniklerinin, AH tespiti de dahil olmak üzere tıbbi görüntülemede etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme görüntülerinden AH sınıflandırması için bir Inception modülü ile bir sıkma ve uyarma bloğunu birleştiren yeni bir yöntem tanıtılmaktadır. Inception modülü, farklı ölçeklerde çoklu paralel evrişimler kullanarak evrişimsel sinir ağı doğruluğunu arttırmaktadır. Sıkma ve uyarma bloğu, minimum ek parametre ile performansı arttırmaktadır. Dört sınıflı Kaggle veri seti üzerindeki deneysel sonuçlar ile %98,28'lik bir doğruluk değeri elde edilmiştir. Literatürdeki son çalışmalarla yapılan karşılaştırmalar, önerilen yöntemin AH'yi yüksek doğrulukla sınıflandırmadaki başarısını açıkça göstermektedir. Bu yaklaşım, tıbbi görüntülerden AH'yi doğru bir şekilde sınıflandırarak daha erken teşhis ve müdahaleye olanak sağlama konusunda umut vaat etmektedir.
“The Oldest and Incomparable Historiographer of Our Time”: Student’s Memories of Professor Sigizmund Valk (Parts II–V)
Authors: Sobolev G. L. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The second part of the memoirs of Gennady Leontyevich Sobolev, Russian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, honorary professor of St. Petersburg State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, specialist in the history of Russia of the 20th century, founder of the scientific school of historians of the Russian revolutions and the Civil War, the most authoritative researcher of the history of the blockade Leningrad, dedicated to his teacher Sigismund Natanovich Valk (1887–1975). G. L. Sobolev describes the initial stage of his work in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR — as a secretary in the group of history of the USSR of the Soviet period, talks about the employees with whom he communicated, about the beginning of the development of a large topic about scientists of Leningrad during the years of the siege, about the consequences of the “Leningrad Affair” for the university. A special place in the scientific biography of G. L. Sobolev was occupied by participation in the preparation of volume 5 of “Essays on the History of Leningrad” and joint work with a leading specialist in the history of the 1917 revolution, Yu. S. Tokarev. With warmth, the author of the memoirs writes about the participation in his professional career of the Moscow historian A. V. Karasev, the author of the book “Leningraders during the Siege”, which has not lost its scientific significance even today. The publication in the mid-1960s of new data on the mortality rate of the population in the blockaded city marked the beginning of a revision of data on total losses in the Battle of Leningrad. The text of the article notes the fact of the deep influence of S. N. Valk on the historical education and moral education of many generations of historians.
Evaluation of Plant-Based Natural Extracts as Coagulants for Surface Water Treatment
Authors: Fida Zanib , Tanoli Muhammad Ashraf , Mahmood Qaisar , Alamgir Muhammad Sohail , Sajjad Dilawar
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the use of natural extracts as bio-coagulants for water treatment and purification. The utilization of natural materials represents important progress in sustainable environmental initiatives, and their application is directly associated with improved quality of life due to their low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and naturally renewable properties. Therefore, three plant species were identified, and their effectiveness was evaluated in the laboratory on surface water samples: Moringa oleifera (MO), Cicer arietinum (CA), and Pinus roxburghii (PR). Water samples were collected from the River Kunhar, Garhi Habibullah (Mansehra) for laboratory analysis. A combined treatment (coagulation and filtration) was found to be more efficient compared to direct filtration or coagulation alone. The highest turbidity removal of 99.17 percent, solids reduction of 93.21 percent, hardness reduction of 67.35 percent, and total coliform removal of 86.13 percent were achieved for the filtered water samples treated with MO. CA provided the maximum chloride reduction of 54.85 percent compared to the other two. These extracts slightly affected the acidity, alkalinity, pH, and conductivity of water samples. However, a slight increase in biological and chemical oxygen demand was found in treated water. Among the three natural coagulants, MO caused a significant increase in organic matter. This problem can be avoided by using the purified form of active coagulating agents rather than crude extract. This research shows the effectiveness of MO for surface water treatment and also illustrates the great potential of CA and PR as promising bio-coagulants for the treatment of polluted surface water samples.
Hydrochemical Delineation of Spring Recharge in an Urbanized Karst Basin, Central Kentucky
Authors: Fryar Alan E. , Currens Benjamin J. , Villa Cristopher S. Alvarez
Published: July 2024

Because of well-integrated surface and subsurface drainage in karst terrains, springs can exhibit relatively rapid hydraulic, chemical, and thermal responses to storms. In urbanized karst basins, impervious cover, stream channelization, and utility infrastructure can alter infiltration, provide alternate pathways for subsurface flow, and affect ambient water quality. We combined continuous logging of electrical conductivity (EC) and water temperature with analyses of stable isotopes (deuterium and oxygen-18) to differentiate focused and diffuse recharge in a karst basin in Lexington, Kentucky, during 2018. Logging occurred at the McConnell Springs Blue Hole and a sinkhole that drains to it; isotopes, specific conductance, and temperature were manually monitored at those sites and along two losing stream reaches. Water temperature at McConnell Springs and stable isotope abundances showed seasonal variability. The Blue Hole responded within hours to stormwater infiltration at the sinkhole (∼2.1 km upgradient), with recharge events marked by colder stormwater in winter and warmer stormwater in spring to early autumn. Stable isotopes indicated that sinkhole infiltration was minimally affected by evaporation during periods of ponding (up to 9 days). Spring discharge appeared to represent a mixture of focused and diffuse, partly evaporated recharge, consistent with a simple hydrologic model of rainfall, runoff, and infiltration in the basin. EC spikes at the spring during January–March were consistent with pulses of road salt or brine in runoff or snowmelt. Despite limited monitoring data, results suggest that restoration of the sinkhole and its inlet stream were effective in stormwater management during an un usually wet year.
Tacit knowledge jako kluczowy rodzaj wiedzy nie tylko dla młodego człowieka
Authors: Bielecki Marcin
Published: July 2024

Artykuł ten, ma charakter przeglądowy. Przywołany został aspekt tacit knowledge, stanowiący jeden z rodzajów wiedzy. Szczególnie względem dynamicznie dokonujących się przemian w zakresie obserwowalnej rzeczywistości, należy zwracać uwagę na możliwości promowania i rozwoju zasobów osobistych jednostki, którą w swojej naturze zdecydowanie stanowi tacit knowledge. Autor w swojej pracy, przedstawił istotę wiedzy, jak również wspomniany rodzaj, wraz z jego walorami wobec rozwoju psychospołecznego jednostki. Odwołał się także do środowiska szkolnego i ukrytego programu szkolnego, wąskiego względem opisywanej wiedzy ukrytej. Artykuł jest swoistą konkluzją związaną z możliwością praktycznej egzemplifikacji owego zasobu do przestrzeni szkoły, poprzez jego promowanie.
Nastawienie dorosłych do rozwijania duchowości dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym w kontekście zdrowia psychicznego młodego pokolenia
Authors: Leszcz-Krysiak Agnieszka , Wardal Andrea , Fiedorczuk Natalia
Published: July 2024

Artykuł ma charakter badawczy, a jego celem jest skoncentrowanie uwagi na  zdrowiu psychicznym dzieci i młodzieży w kontekście ich rozwoju duchowego oraz próba określenia miejsca edukacji w tej przestrzeni. Jako metodę badawczą przyjęto sondaż diagnostyczny, w ramach którego wykorzystano ankietę internetową. Grupa respondentów liczyła łącznie 209 osób, spośród których rodzice stanowili 54 osoby, nauczyciele – 55, a instruktorzy harcerscy 100 osób. Kobiety stanowiły 83,7% ankietowanych. Do celów badawczych wyodrębniono kilka kategorii, które odnoszą się do wiary i religijności; transcendencji i zjawisk nadprzyrodzonych; uczuć, życia wewnętrznego; stanu umysłu, świadomości; zdolności i umiejętności; sposobu i stylu życia. Wyniki badań wykazały niewystarczające przygotowanie badanych osób do kształtowania rozwoju duchowego dzieci i młodzieży, ponieważ tylko 14,8% respondentów uznało, że w ramach zdobytej edukacji uzyskało kompleksową wiedzę na temat rozwoju duchowego.
Field Study on the Assessment of Antimalarial Drug Quality Using Minilab Kitin India
Authors: Noor Saba , Sharma Supriya , Arora Taruna
Published: July 2024

Background:

A lack of proper anti-malarial medication use can lead to drug resistance, failed therapy, and even death. It is unclear how widespread the use of
fake anti-malarial medications is in India. Better malaria treatment and the execution of regulatory initiatives to improve anti-malarial drug quality
necessitate regional research into the quality of available anti-malarial pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to look into the quality of anti-malarial
drugs in regions of India where malaria is common. Conclusions about the prevalence of substandard anti-malarial medications in Indian
communities can be drawn from the findings.

Methods:

Samples of anti-malarial pills were bought from stores in five different Indian areas. One hundred and fifty anti-malarial drug samples were
gathered. Using a GPHF minilab lab kit, the quality of the following samples was determined: chloroquine (n=50), artemether lumefantrine (n=50),
artesunate sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (n=14), and primaquine (n=31).

Results:

This research confirmed that 98% of the tablets disintegrated properly in a minilab disintegration test. As a result, when compared to both the full
set of standards and 80% of the samples, 99% of the samples passed the preliminary qualitative TLC test. Only 4% of samples (those with
insufficient amounts of the active medicinal component) failed the quantitative HPLC test.

Conclusion:

Anti-malarial medicine counterfeiting has been found to be quite uncommon in India compared to other countries. However, further research is
needed, such as post-marketing surveillance, to ensure that effective anti-malarials are distributed to the public.
Key Challenges, Influencing Factors, and Future Perspectives of Nanosuspensions in Enhancing Brain Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Wenlu , Yang Chongzhao , Xue Linying , Wang Yancai
Published: July 2024

Many brain diseases pose serious challenges to human life. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's
Disease (PD) are common neurodegenerative diseases that seriously threaten human health. Glioma is a
common malignant tumor. However, drugs cannot cross physiological and pathological barriers and most therapeutic
drugs cannot enter the brain because of the presence of the Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) and Bloodbrain
Tumor Barrier (BBTB). How to enable drugs to penetrate the BBB to enter the brain, reduce systemic
toxicity, and penetrate BBTB to exert therapeutic effects has become a challenge. Nanosuspension can successfully
formulate drugs that are difficult to dissolve in water and oil by using surfactants as stabilizers, which is
suitable for the brain target delivery of class II and IV drugs in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System
(BCS). In nanosuspension drug delivery systems, the physical properties of nanostructures have a great impact
on the accumulation of drugs at the target site, such as the brain. Optimizing the physical parameters of the
nanosuspension can improve the efficiency of brain drug delivery and disease treatment. Therefore, the key
challenges, influencing factors, and future perspectives of nanosuspension in enhancing brain drug delivery
are summarized and reviewed here. This article aims to provide a better understanding of nanosuspension formulation
technology used for brain delivery and strategies used to overcome various physiological barriers.
The Protective Effect of Melatonin on LPS-Induced Myocardial Injury via
the Caspase-11/GSDMD Pathway
Authors: Cui Boqun , Gao Fei , Lin Duomao , Yu Yang , Wang Chengbin , Ma Jun
Published: July 2024

Background::

Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects.
Nevertheless, the precise mechanism through which MT provides protection against the etiology
of LPS-induced myocardial injury remains uncertain. In this investigation, our objective was to
explore the impact of MT on LPS-induced myocardial injury in an in vitro setting.

Methods::

H9C2 cells were categorized into four groups: a control group (H9C2 group), an MT
group, an LPS group, and an MT + LPS group. The H9C2 group received treatment with sterile
saline solution, the LPS group was exposed to 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours, the MT + LPS group
underwent pretreatment with 150 μmol/L MT for 2 hours, followed by exposure to 5 μg/mL LPS
for 24 hours, and the MT group received only 150 μmol/L MT for 2 hours. Cell viability and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) release were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and LDH activity assay,
respectively. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified in each group of cells,
and the percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry.
The mRNA levels of caspase11, GSDMD, and IL-18 in each group of cells were quantified.

Results::

MT treatment significantly protected H9C2 cells from LPS-induced damage, as evidenced
by decreased LDH release. LPS treatment markedly increased ROS levels in H9C2 cells,
which were subsequently reduced by MT. LPS caused a substantial decrease in superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while MT
treatment significantly reversed these effects. Additionally, MT markedly enhanced the proportion
of viable H9C2 cells compared to LPS-treated controls, as evidenced by the PI staining assay.
LPS upregulated both mRNA levels and protein levels of IL-18 in H9C2 cells. However,
MT treatment effectively mitigated this LPS-induced increase. Furthermore, MT significantly
decreased LPS-induced protein levels of cleaved-caspase 11 and GSDMD-N in H9C2 cells.

Conclusion::

Overall, our findings suggest that MT inhibits the Caspase11-GSDMD signaling
pathway via pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-11 and GSDMD-N) and reduces the expression
of inflammation-related cytokines (IL-18), thereby exerting a protective effect on H9C2 cells after
LPS injury.
The Genus Paeonia: A Review of the Targeted Signaling Pathways and Underlying Mechanisms of Pharmacological and Clinical Properties
Authors: Jalali Atefeh , Jafari Fereshteh , Behnamrad Shima , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Zhang Xiuxin , Kashkooe Ali
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The Paeoniaceae family contains only the Paeonia genus and is considered
the major group of flowering plants. Several traditional and pharmacological applications of Paeoniaceae
herbs have been described. The current paper aimed to determine the pharmacological activities
of the most prevalent herbs from the genus Paeonia by focusing on the underlying mechanism of
action and signaling pathways to provide insight for further in-depth research on the medicinal resources
of Paeonia.

Method:

The "Paeoniaceae" keyword was searched from 1st January 1995 to 15th May 2024 through
the PubMed and Scopus databases. Only papers related to pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and toxicology
were extracted. The possible pharmacological activity of the Paeonia plants underlying their
mechanism of action and signaling pathways was subsequently discussed.

Results:

Following our venture, only 15 Paeonia herbs were adequately evaluated for their pharmacological
applications. Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, and Paeonia emodi
Royle are among the most prevalent Paeonia plants that have attracted increased amounts of attention
in modern pharmacological studies. Paeonia herbs possess various pharmacological applications,
such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anticancer, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, cosmetic
and skincare, radical scavenging, hepatoprotective and anti-ulcerative, anti-diabetic, musculoskeletal,
and neuroprotective effects, and can be used as alternative therapies under critical medical
conditions.

Conclusion:

Among the applications of Paeonia herbs, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities
are critical, as most of the other pharmacological effects are attributed to them. In other words, nuclear
factor (NF)-κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can be considered the most
important signaling pathways involved in the pharmacological activity of Paeonia herbs.
Identification of Potent SFRP1 Inhibitors for Colorectal Cancer using a Comprehensive Computational Approach
Authors: Jothimani Muralidharan , Vijayaraghavalu Sivakumar , Sadasivam Karthik , Muthusamy Karthikeyan
Published: July 2024

Background:

The incidence of CRC has increased worldwide over the past decade.
The statistics report from WHO highlights the increased severity and fatality rate of CRC
among the populations. Wnt/β-catenin is recognized as the resource for cell regeneration and
cancer signaling pathways driven by frizzled receptor cofactors. Aberrant regulation of Wnt/β-
catenin suppression is an important challenge in treating CRC management.

Aims and Objective:

The SFRP1 comprises a cysteine-rich region that is homologous to the
putative Wnt-binding sites of Frizzled proteins, with the potential to impede and alter the cascade
of Wnt signaling. Indirect regulation, like targeting Wnt antagonist SFRP1, is an alternative
strategy to suppress the cancer signals by enhancing the apoptotic activity. Hence, this
study aimed to approach the SFRP1 protein as a therapeutic target to inhibit Wnt signaling in
colorectal cancer. Further, it aimed to identify the lead compounds against the SFRP1 protein,
which inhibit the oncogenic expression of CRC, which might be possible using computational
approaches, recognizing the importance of the SFRP1 protein role in CRC.

Methods:

The homology-modeled SFRP1 structure was refined, and virtual screening was performed
against the anti-cancer drugs and natural drug databases to find the best hit molecules.
The molecular docking, MD, and MMGBSA analysis confirmed the firm binding of SFRP1
complexes to identify the potent CRC inhibitors.

Results:

The amino acid residues Arg5, Arg11, Ala13, Lys 245, Lys274, Phe147, Pro99, and
Ser277 are essential for ligand binding and show similar interactions for SFRP1 complexes. The
ADME/T profile for top hits is acceptable in range and obtains the drug-likeness property. The
100ns run for MD simulation confirms the stability of protein complexes.

Conclusion:

Overall, the findings of this study reveal that the lead compounds screened are capable
of inhibiting SFRP1 against CRC. Targeting SFRP1 paves the way for new platforms in
the field of cancer and the therapeutic sector for new approachable finds.
Effect of Growth Time on Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Synthesized TiO2 Nanostructures
Authors: Paul Payal , Sharma Dewakar , Biswas Joydeep , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Kabi Sanjib , Chattopadhyay Saikat
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is popular in the scientific community due to
its wide variety of applications in optoelectronic devices, solar cells, gas sensors, photocatalytic
reagents, and the biomedical industry. It is a wide band gap semiconductor with a band gap of
3.2eV. Usually, it shows three different phases, like anatase, rutile, and brookite, based on the
synthesis method and annealing temperature.

Method:

Here, we report a simple chemical process to synthesize TiO2 nanostructures (NSs) at
low temperatures to study the impact of growth time on structural and morphological properties.
During synthesis, we permitted the samples to grow for 5 hr (sample-T5) and 7 hr (sample-T7)
and continued the stirring process accordingly. We performed XRD, UV-Vis, and FESEM analysis
with the samples.

Result:

XRD confirmed the effect of growth time on the size of the structures, and a shift in the
absorption edge was observed in UV-Vis spectra, which indicated a change in the band gap.
FESEM confirmed the change in nanostructures’ size in both samples.

Conclusion:

The tuning in band gap due to growth time variation may be an interesting phenomenon
to explore for modern scientific applications.
Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zanghì Aurora , Filippo Paola Sofia Di , Avolio Carlo , D’Amico Emanuele
Published: July 2024

:

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature
myeloid cells that play important roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating immune
responses. MDSCs can be divided into two main subsets based on their surface markers and functional
properties: granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Recently greatest
attention has been paid to innate immunity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), so the aim of our review is
to provide an overview of the main characteristics of MDSCs in MS and its preclinical model by
discussing the most recent data available. The immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs can be
dysregulated in MS, leading to an exacerbation of the autoimmune response and disease progression.
Antigen-specific peptide immunotherapy, which aims to restore tolerance while avoiding the use of
non-specific immunosuppressive drugs, is a promising approach for autoimmune diseases, but the cellular
mechanisms behind successful therapy remain poorly understood. Therefore, targeting MDSCs
could be a promising therapeutic approach for MS. Various strategies for modulating MDSCs have
been investigated, including the use of pharmacological agents, biological agents, and adoptive transfer
of exogenous MDSCs. However, it remained unclear whether MDSCs display any therapeutic potential
in MS and how this therapy could modulate different aspects of the disease. Collectively, all the
described studies revealed a pivotal role for MDSCs in the regulation of MS.
Surgical Residents’ Perception of Feedback on Their Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Costa Carlos Dario da Silva , Silva Gabriela Gouvea , Santos Emerson Roberto dos , Engel Ana Maria Rita Pedroso Vilela Torres de Carvalho , Costa Ana Caroline dos Santos , da Silva Taisa Morete , da Conceição Washington Henrique , Cristóvão Helena , Lima Alba Regina de Abreu , Brienze Vânia MS , Bizotto Thaís Santana Gastardelo , Oliani Antonio Hélio , André Júlio César
Published: July 2024

Background

Feedback is an essential tool for learning and improving performance in any sphere of education, including training of resident physicians. The learner’s perception of the feedback they receive is extremely relevant to their learning progress, which must aim at providing qualified care for patients. Studies pertinent to the matter differ substantially with respect to methodology, population, context, and objective, which makes it even more difficult to achieve a clear understanding of the topic. A scoping review on this theme will unequivocally enhance and organize what is already known.

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify and map out data from studies that report surgical residents’ perception of the feedback received during their education.

Methods

The review will consider studies on the feedback perception of resident physicians of any surgical specialty and age group, attending any year of residency, regardless of the type of feedback given and the way the perceptions were measured. Primary studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese since 2017 will be considered. The search will be carried out in 6 databases and reference lists will also be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and 2 independent reviewers will screen the selected studies’ titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction will be performed through a tool developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis (content analysis) will be used to analyze the data. A summary of the results will be presented in the form of diagrams, narratives, and tables.

Results

The findings of this scoping review were submitted to an indexed journal in July 2024, currently awaiting reviewer approval. The search was executed on March 15, 2024, and resulted in 588 articles. After the exclusion of the duplicate articles and those that did not meet the eligibility criteria as well as the inclusion of articles through a manual search, 13 articles were included in the review.

Conclusions

Conducting a scoping review is the best way to map what is known about a subject. By focusing on the feedback perception more than the feedback itself, the results of this study will surely contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of how to proceed to enhance internal feedback and surgical residents’ learning progress.

Trial Registration

Open Science Framework yexb; https://osf.io/yexkb.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/56727
LTP Prod Release Test. (Preprint)
Authors: Strand Carlos , Biswal Subhashree , Marri Bhuvana , A. Tadele
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

LTP Prod Release Test.

OBJECTIVE

LTP Prod Release Test.

METHODS

LTP Prod Release Test.

RESULTS

LTP Prod Release Test.

CONCLUSIONS

LTP Prod Release Test.

CLINICALTRIAL

LTP Prod Release Test.
The Geography of Community Supported Agriculture
Authors: Any Sulistyowati Catharina , Afiff Suraya , Baiquni Muhammad , Siscawati Mia
Published: July 2024

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is considered an initiative that supports a more just and sustainable food system by creating a direct and mutual relationship between local farmers and consumers. Through an agreed mechanism, CSA supports farmers’ livelihoods as they have provided healthy food for consumers. This study contributes to the geographic mapping of CSA studies in Scopus-indexed social science journals and related articles. It traces the emergence and development of diverse CSA models, its political economy context, and the pattern of research themes across geographic areas. The findings reveal that the urban middle class in industrial countries can encourage farmers to produce healthy food and apply more sustainable farming systems. The findings also show that key factors of CSA emergence and development are the growing urban middle class with health, just, and environmental awareness; the availability of farmers who are willing to implement a more sustainable farming practice, and the platform or agreement that links them. The CSA practices across geographic areas differ as they are shaped by the political and economic context and the availability of opportunities. The limitation of this study is the lack of literature on CSA from non-western or non-industrialized countries. Therefore, this study suggests further research agenda on the following topics: exploration of CSAs in non-industrial and non-western countries; intangible value of CSA; diverse perspectives on CSA research; multidisciplinary research on CSA, processes and enabling conditions for CSA and CSA people; and potencies of CSA to solve in diverse social and environmental problems.
PEPTIDE DELIVERY VIA NASAL ROUTE: EXPLORING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND APPROACHES
Authors: PALDE CHAITALI , BAROT TULARAM , CHAKRABORTHY G. S. , PATEL L. D.
Published: July 2024

There has been a significant increase in interest in using the nasal route to administer peptides. This is mainly due to its advantages, including less invasiveness, rapid absorption, and the ability to bypass initial metabolism in the liver. The incorporation of nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent strategy, with nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes being employed to augment stability and bioavailability of peptides, as extensively discussed in this review. These carriers serve the crucial function of safeguarding peptides against enzymatic degradation while also enabling a sustained release, thus extending the therapeutic impact. Additionally, this review delves into mucoadhesive polymers and permeation enhancers, which have undergone extensive exploration to enhance nasal retention and augment the transportation of peptides across the nasal mucosa. Recent breakthroughs in nasal peptide delivery have heralded a new era in peptide-based therapies. These advancements encompass innovative formulation technologies, the utilization of nanocarriers, permeation enhancers, and the integration of intelligent materials and nasal drug delivery devices, all of which are geared towards enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of nasal peptide delivery.
AN IN SILICO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXICITY, APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY AND GENE EXPRESSION MODULATION OF SARSASAPOGENIN IN HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER CELL LINE HT-29
Authors: AHAMED TABREEZ , RAMASAMY KAVITHA , S. RAMYA
Published: July 2024

Objective: Search for natural drugs against Colo Rectal Cancer (CRC) is ever-growing. Sarsasapogenin is a steroidal sapogenin known for various biological activities. The current study intends to investigate it’s anticancer activity in vitro against the Human Adenocarcinoma CRC cell line (HT-29). Additionally, the in silico interaction between sarsasapogenin and selected anticancer drug-protein targets was investigated.
Methods: To evaluate cell viability, HT-29 cells were subjected to several concentrations of sarsasapogenin. Flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis. The expression of the genes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (EGFR-TK) and Kirsten Rat Sarcoma oncogene homolog (KRAS) was elucidated by real-time Polymerase Chain reaction. Molecular docking was used in conjunction with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to comprehend the Sarsasapogenin’s interaction with EGFR-TK and KRAS.
Results: Sarsasapogenin affected the viability of HT-29 cells dose-dependently. In HT-29 cells, sarsasapogenin treatment decreased the levels of KRAS and EGFR and caused apoptosis. In silico study demonstrated the interaction of sarsasapogenin in the Adenosine triphosphate binding site of EGFR-TK and the switch I/switch II site of KRAS. Post-MD analysis determined the stable binding of sarsasapogenin with these proteins. The binding energy with EGFR-TK and KRAS was found to be-46.0 ± 1.5 kcal/mol and-28.8 ± 6.3kcal/mol.
Conclusion: Altogether, Sarsasapogenin, through modulation of EGFR and KRAS has shown promising anticancer effect against HT-29 cells.
Countryside [OUTSIDE] Architecture
Authors: French Chris , Lewis Michael
Published: July 2024

Degree Show Catalogue documenting an ESALA MArch (Modular Pathway) studio ‘Countryside [OUTSIDE] Architecture’. Studio Leaders: Chris French and Michael Lewis. 2020-2021.
Crossing Tangier
Authors: Bonet Miro Ana , Wanan Samer
Published: July 2024

Degree Show Catalogue documenting an ESALA MArch (Modular Pathway) studio ‘Crossing Tangier’. Studio Leaders: Ana Bonet Miró and Samer Wanan. 2023-2024.
Intervention of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Bell Pepper through Neem Mediated Copper and Zinc Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Farhan , Atiq Muhammad , Rajput Nasir Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is a key pathological problem faced by bell pepper crop. The extensive use of chemical treatments has heightened environmental toxicity. Green-synthesized nanoparticles have been developed for managing plant diseases intervention while minimizing environmental harm. An experiment was carried out with three replications for each treatment, testing different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) of green-synthesized nanoparticles of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and a combination of Copper and Zinc (Cu+Zn) under laboratory conditions using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) to manage Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The Cu+Zn nanoparticles exhibited the largest inhibition zone (13.733 mm), followed by Zn nanoparticles (7.9378 mm) and Cu nanoparticles (7.0048 mm), all compared to the control. Similarly, a greenhouse experiment with three replications of each treatment and concentration, which demonstrated significant results in lab conditions, was conducted. The Cu+Zn nanoparticles resulted in the lowest disease incidence (17.937 %), followed by Zn nanoparticles (22.966 %) and Cu nanoparticles (27.768 %), compared to the control. Additionally, a field trial was performed using a RCBD with three replicates per treatment and a single concentration that had shown the best results in lab conditions. In field conditions, Cu nanoparticles showed the highest disease incidence (31.374 %), followed by Zn nanoparticles (27.442 %) and Cu+Zn nanoparticles (22.637 %) in comparison to the control group. Recent outcomes suggest that neem-mediated copper-zinc hybrid nanoparticles are an effective tool for combating bacterial leaf spot in bell peppers.
Analisis Perbedaan Jumlah Bakteri Pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Budidaya
Authors: Kamelia Marlina , Widiani Nurhaida , Adistyaningrum Nurul
Published: July 2024

Ikan mempunyai prospek cukup baik untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Namun, persentase penyakit ikan akibat bakteri mencapai 33,9%. Ikan nila (O. niloticus) termasuk yang  sering terserang bakteri. Hasil TPC dari ikan nila kolam budidaya I, II, dan III secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 1,32 X 105 Cfu/g; 1,7 X 105 Cfu/g; 1,14 X 105 Cfu/g. Dari hasil parameter pengukuran fisika ketiga kolam budidaya masih sesuai dengan klasifikasi mutu air, namun jika ditinjau dari hasil parameter pengukuran kimia kolam budidaya II tergolong air tercemar.
Optimasi Pembentukan Gula Cair Dari Limbah Kulit Singkong (Manihot utilisima Pohl) Oleh Bacillus Licheniformis dalam Usaha Menumbuhkan Jiwa Kewirausahaan.
Authors: Budiarti Retni S , Harlis Harlis , Kapli Hari
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi  Bacillus licheniformis optimal yang dibutuhkan dalam penbentukan gula cair dari limbah singkong, nilai kadar gula serta  nilai amilum yang terkandung dalam limbah kulit singkong yang terdegradasi. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot utilissima Pohl.), yaitu 0 konsentrasi, 1,5 ml konsentrasi, 2,5 ml konsentrasi dan 3,5 ml konsentrasiB. Licheneformis. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis (ANOVA) yang  dilanjutkan dengan uji duncanâ€™s range test (DMRT) dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan pengaruh nyata terhadap pemberian konsentrasi B.licheniformis. Perlakuan dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 1,5 ml B. licheniformispada substrak kulit singkong seberat 1 gram setelah uji Duncanâ€™s range test (DMRT) dengan taraf kepercayaan 5% menghasilkan nilai gula reduksi sebesar 6.07 %.
Shoots Induction of nodes (Citrus microcarpa Bunge.) with addition 6- Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) by In Vitro
Authors: Yanti Defila , Novaliza Isda Mayta
Published: July 2024

Kasturi orange (Citrus microcarpa Bunge.) is a medicinal plant that contains chemical compounds from secondary metabolites. Limitations of the seed and slow rate of growth is a challenge in the Kasturi orange plant propagation. Propagation of shoots in the kasturi orange can be produced quickly with shoots induction in vitro. This study aims investigate the influence and determine the concentration of BAP in inducing shoots from nodes kasturi orange explants in vitro. This research was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Riau from March - September 2020 using completely randomized design (CRD) which consists of 6 (six) treatments than is control BAP (1,2,3,4,5 mg / L). Results showed BAP had a significantly affect the number of shoots and shoot length. The treatment of 1 mg / L BAP produces the highest number of shoots that 2.50. The highest callus growth was in the treatment of 5 mg / L BAP. The shoot appears fastest time is 12.00 day after planting (DAP) contained in the treatment of 2 mg/L BAP.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.)Terhadap Petumbuhan Jamur Microsporum canis
Authors: Farya Anisa Istiq , Harlis Harlis , Muswita Muswita , Budiarti Retni Sulistiyoning , Mataniari Raissa , Aswan Dara Mutiara
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengujian ekstrak buah bintaro (C. odollam) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur M. canis dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimal dari ektrak buah bintaro (C. odollam) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur M. canis. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu P0: kontrol ketokonazole, ekstrak buah bintaro konsentrasi P1: 25%, P2: 50%, P3: 75%, P4: 100% dengan 5 kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah luas zona hambat yang terbentuk dan konsentrasi ekstrak buah bintaro (C. odollam) yang optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan M. canis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DNMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata diameter zonahambat yang terkecil yaitu pada kontrol yaitu 12,53 mm. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang terbesar yaitu pada 24,10 mm pada konsentrasi 100% yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan rata-rata zona hambat pada konsentrasi 75%, namun berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan kontrol. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah bintaro (C. odollam) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur M. canis dan konsentrasi ekstrak buah bintaro (C. odollam) yang optimal yaitu pada konsentrasi 75%.
Kata kunci: ekstrak buah, Cerbera odollam, antifungi, Microsporum canis
Identifikasi Jenis Lepidoptera di Kecamatan Koto Tujuh, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Kurnia Fitri Dwi Rini , Agustina Nadia
Published: July 2024

Kupu-kupu merupakan bagian dari ordo Lepidoptera yang memiliki peranan penting sebagai bioindikator perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis Lepidoptera yang terdapat di Kec. Koto Tujuh, Kab. Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik purposive sampling, dimana titik pengambilan sampel dibagi menjadi tiga zonasi yaitu zona pemukiman warga, tepi hutan serta sawah dan ladang. Hasil identifikasi jenis kupu-kupu didapatkan 23 spesies Lepidoptera yang tergolong pada lima famili yaitu famili Nymphalidae (11 spesies), Lycaenidae (1 spesies), Papilionidae (4 spesies), Hesperiidae (2 spesies), dan Pieridae (5 Spesies), dengan jumlah total 59 individu.
Raising pH of Red-Yellow Podsolik Soil by Adding Ashes and its Relation to Nitrogen Fixer Microorganism Acitivities
Authors: Murni Pinta
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study to was to observe the impact of raising the pH of red-yellow soil byadding ashes and its relation to nitrogen fixer microorganisms activities. This experiment wasconducted using completely randomized design. The treatment is ash level i.e A = 0 g (control), B =20 g, C = 30 g, D = 40g, E = 50g, and F = 60g in 5 Kg of soil. The experiment was tested onsoybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Measurement included soil pH both before and after treatment andthe number and biomass of nodules. The results of the study show that ashes significantly increasesoil pH (between 1,39 and 1,74 point) and significantlt affect on the number and biomass ofnodules. The highest number of nodules was found on treatment C and D, whereas the highestbiomass was on C and E. The optimal ash concentration to increases red-yellow podsolik soil pH andformation of nodule in Soybean is 30 to 50 g in 5 Kg soil.
Jumlah Jenis dan Jumlah Individu Semut di Tanah Gambut Alami dan Tanah Gambut PerkebunanSawitdi Sungai Pagar, Riau Ant Diversity and Abundanceon Peat Swamp Forestand Peat Palm Oil Plantation in Sungai Pagar, Riau
Authors: MINARTY YULMINARTY
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT.Â Â Â  PeatÂ  landsÂ  conversionÂ  toÂ  palmÂ  oilÂ  plantationÂ  isÂ  aÂ  commonÂ  phenomenonÂ  inÂ  RiauÂ  Province. TheÂ  qualityÂ  andÂ  fertilityÂ  ofÂ  peatÂ  dependsÂ  onÂ  theÂ  levelÂ  andÂ  depthÂ  ofÂ  peatÂ  whichÂ  wasÂ  relatedÂ  to decomposition process. The objective of the researchÂ  was to findout the effect of peatÂ  land conversion on antabundance anddiversity. The study was conducted on July 2012on peat swampforest and peat palm oil plantation. Ants were collected by pit fall traps method. The result showed that the number ofant specieson peat swampforest found in this studyÂ  was 53 species from 316 individuals, while in the one year old palm oil plantation found 24 species from 237 individuals. Ant species diversity and abundance inÂ  peat swampforestÂ  was muchhigherÂ  thanthatÂ  onÂ  oneÂ  yearÂ  oldÂ  palmÂ  oilÂ  plantationÂ  onÂ  peatÂ  soil.Â  The compositionÂ  andÂ  abundanceÂ  ofÂ  antsÂ  seemÂ  relatedto physicalÂ  andÂ  chemical Â propertiesÂ  ofÂ  thepeatÂ  land, especially temperature and pH. Keywords : Ants, Peatlands, Palm oil ABSTRAK. Konversi tanah gambut menjadi kebun sawit merupakan fenomena umum di Provinsi Riau. KualitasÂ  danÂ  kesuburanÂ  tanahÂ  gambutÂ  tergantungÂ  padaÂ  tingkatÂ  pelapukanÂ  danÂ  kedalamanÂ  gambutÂ  yang berkaitan dengan proses dekomposisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh konversi tanah gambut terhadap jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu semut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2011 padaÂ  tanahÂ  gambutÂ  alamiÂ  danÂ  tanahÂ  gambutÂ  yangÂ  sudahÂ  ditanamiÂ  dengan Â sawitÂ  selamaÂ  satuÂ  tahun. SemutÂ  dikoleksiÂ  denganÂ  metodaÂ  perangkapÂ  jebakÂ  (pitÂ  fallÂ  trap).Â  HasilÂ  yangÂ  didapatkanÂ  menunjukkan bahwa jumlahÂ  jenisÂ  danÂ  jumlahÂ  individu semut lebihÂ  banyakÂ  didapatkanÂ  padaÂ  tanahÂ  gambutÂ  alamiÂ  yaitu sebanyak 53 spesies dan 316 individu semut. Sedangkan pada tanah gambut yang sudah ditanami sawit umur satu tahun jumlah spesiesnya dan jumlah individunya lebih rendah yaitu sebanyak 24 spesies dan 237 individu. Jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu semut tergantung pada faktor fisika kimia tanah terutama temperatur dan pH. Kata kunci :semut,gambut, sawit Â