bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The security of the Republic of Poland and the war in Ukraine in contemporary leftist thinking in Poland
Authors: Trembicka Krystyna
Published: February 2024

The subject of the article is the security of the Republic of Poland and the war in Ukraine in contemporary Polish left-wing thought, represented primarily by the Democratic Left Alliance and the New Left. The security of citizens is the basic determinant of raison d’état and at the same time a key challenge for authorities. The study covered the 21st century because it brought a change in 1) the international system – the Russian Federation questioned the post-Cold War order, 2) lowering the level of security in Central and Eastern Europe, and 3) bringing new challenges for Poland after Russia launched a full-scale war against Ukraine. The cognitive purpose of the article is the assessment of the international environment and threats to Poland made by the Left, as well as the postulated model of security, political and military security, and – in the context of the war in Ukraine – the attitude to the actions of the Polish authorities after 24 February 2022. It should be emphasized that the social democratic movement is a political environment that hopes to take political power in Poland after the expected electoral success in the autumn of 2023. The position of the Left on key matters for state security is interesting not only for researchers but also has a utilitarian meaning.
The Europeanisation of Greek foreign policy towards the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Adamczyk Artur
Published: February 2024

The article’s objective is to analyse the process of Europeanisation of Greek foreign policy towards North Macedonia. The author has attempted to present the main conceptual assumptions regarding this process, pointing to the multiplicity of definitions and research directions, and has subsequently highlighted the evolution of Greek foreign policy towards North Macedonia in the context of the Europeanisation of Greek diplomacy. In the conclusions, the author has emphasised that this particular Europeanisation is somewhat sinusoidal and is conditioned upon a number of factors, including the nature of relations between the Greek political elites and the society of that country. The article has also highlighted that Greece has gradually been shaping its image as a Europeanised country with a credible and predictable foreign policy.
Zbigniew Brzezinski’s perspective on the geostrategic and geopolitical importance of Ukraine
Authors: Olejarz Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article was to portray the complexity of the crisis/war in Ukraine, an event that has shaken Europe more than any other since World War II. The complexity of the crisis could be located in the involvement of external powers (Russia, US, NATO, EU, Turkey, etc.). Zbigniew Brzezinski throws light on the geopolitical significance of Ukraine in the context of the tendency of great powers to secure dominance in Eurasia. Brzezinski assigned Ukraine as a “pivotal” figure on the “Eurasian chessboard” due to its vital geostrategic position, major resources, access to the Black Sea, and importance for Russian strategic interests. In terms of a realist perspective and geopolitical thoughts, Brzezinski’s writings still represent a valuable asset in the analysis of the current crisis in Ukraine.
Failure, crisis, or renewal? The Eastern policy of the European Union and the war in Ukraine
Authors: Barburska Olga
Published: February 2024

This paper’s objective is to study the impact of the war in Ukraine on the Eastern policy of the European Union. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to highlight this policy’s position in the overall international activity of the EU, as well as its characteristic features, main goals, instruments, and two components: the strategic partnership with Russia and the Eastern Partnership (EaP). The substantive part of the paper contains an analysis which, taking into account the implications of the war in Ukraine, is intended to justify three research hypotheses. They concern: the complete failure of the strategic partnership with Russia, then the serious crisis of the EaP and, finally, the possibility of achieving success in the Eastern policy in the form of Ukraine’s accession to the EU. As indicated in the conclusion, this would provide the European Union with a permanently strong position in Eastern Europe.
The importance of Ukraine in the process of ensuring the energy security of Central European countries in the political thought of Polish political parties during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Selected issues
Authors: Paszkowski Michał
Published: February 2024

Ukraine has played an extremely important role in ensuring the energy security of Central European countries over the years, mainly due to its position as a transit state. Past energy crises (2006, 2009) have affected the perception of the country in Europe and led to Russian-German energy projects that reduce the level of regional security (e.g., Nord Stream 1, Nord Stream 2). In Poland, various political parties (Law and Justice, Civic Platform, the Left Party, Polish People’s Party) have referred differently to regional cooperation and the function Ukraine might offer in this type of process. In this context, the aim of the article was to analyse the political thought of selected Polish parliamentary parties regarding the importance of Ukraine in ensuring the energy security of Central European countries during Russia’s armed attack on Ukraine in 2022. The starting point of the analyses was the general thesis that political parties in Poland treated Ukraine as a key state in efforts to limit the negatively perceived energy policy of the Russian Federation in the region.
Les déficits en micronutriments et leur traitement en réanimation
Authors: Berger Mette M. , Ben-Hamouda Nawfel
Published: February 2024

Le déficit nutritionnel chez les patients de réanimation ne se limite pas à l’énergie et aux protéines, il intéresse également les micronutriments (MN). Les vitamines C, D et B1, le cuivre, le fer, le sélénium et le zinc sont les plus critiques.

Souvent soumis au stress oxydant et/ou à l’inflammation, ces patients présentent des particularités (comorbidités, pathologies sous-jacentes) rendant les déficits en micronutriments plus fréquents voire plus sévères. Les concentrations sériques basses sont omniprésentes, généralement abaissées par la réponse inflammatoire, mais aussi des déficits causés par des pertes ou des apports insuffisants. La prescription des MNs a dose standard doit faire partie de la prescription quotidienne de la nutrition qu’elle soit entérale ou parentérale, mais ne garantit pas les besoins accrus de nombreux patients. La supplémentation à très haute dose d’un MN isolé reste très controversée, et découragée hors étude clinique. Le but de cette mise au point est de préciser en se basant sur les recommandations internationales les besoins des patients de réanimation en micronutriments.
The Status of Indigenous Peoples in International Law
Authors:   Crimean Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol, Russian Federation, Chernyad’eva Natalia A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022–2032) was proclaimed in 2022 by the UN system. Thus, the problem of indigenous peoples acquires increased relevance in international law. At the same time, the definition of the concept of “indigenous peoples” has not yet been developed in UN law. Identification of the characteristic features of this category has become the task of the study. Methods. General scientific and special methods for legal science, primarily formal legal analysis, underlie the methodology used. Theoretical conclusions are supported by examples of international judicial practice. Results. Specific features of indigenous peoples as a special subject of international human rights law are shown in the article. The author proposes to create a special international legal regime for the protection of those indigenous peoples who are endangered. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions were drawn. The author considers the most significant: three features can be considered generally recognized. The only special feature (compared to the features of the generic category – the people in international law) is the original, historical connection with the territory of residence. The geographical area in which this people or their ancestor lived during the period of its conquest or colonization, or during the establishment of existing state borders, is proposed to be understood as the territory of the indigenous people. The notion of indigenous peoples as exclusively post-colonial or as not emerging from the stage of tribal development, is subject to criticism as discriminatory. The special qualities of indigenous peoples, primarily civilizational (ethnic) identity, must be protected by the norms of international law.
Evaluating two small-sample corrections for fixed-effects standard errors and inferences in multilevel models with heteroscedastic, unbalanced, clustered data
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Lai Mark H. C.
Published: February 2024

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is commonly used in psychological research to model clustered data. However, data in applied research usually violate one of the essential assumptions of MLM—homogeneity of variance. While the fixed-effect estimates produced by the maximum likelihood method remain unbiased, the standard errors for the fixed effects are misestimated, resulting in inaccurate inferences and inflated or deflated type I error rates. To correct the bias in fixed effects standard errors and provide valid inferences, small-sample corrections such as the Kenward-Roger (KR) adjustment and the adjusted cluster-robust standard errors (CR-SEs) with the Satterthwaite approximation for t tests have been used. The current study compares KR with random slope (RS) models and the adjusted CR-SEs with ordinary least squares (OLS), random intercept (RI) and RS models to analyze small, heteroscedastic, clustered data using a Monte Carlo simulation. Results show the KR procedure with RS models has large biases and inflated type I error rates for between-cluster effects in the presence of level 2 heteroscedasticity. In contrast, the adjusted CR-SEs generally yield results with acceptable biases and maintain type I error rates close to the nominal level for all examined models. Thus, when the interest is only in within-cluster effect, any model with the adjusted CR-SEs could be used. However, when the interest is to make accurate inferences of the between-cluster effect, researchers should use the adjusted CR-SEs with RS to have higher power and guard against unmodeled heterogeneity. We reanalyzed an example in Snijders & Bosker (2012) to demonstrate the use of the adjusted CR-SEs with different models.
Donkey disjunctions and overlapping updates
Authors: Elliott Patrick David
Published: February 2024

This paper is devoted to an analysis of anaphoric dependencies in disjunctive sentences, and consequences for the understanding of the ∃/∀ ambiguity observed with donkey anaphora. The primary focus is on donkey disjunctions, which are sentences where a (negated) existential in an initial disjunct appears to bind a pronoun in a later disjunct, such as "Either there's no bathroom, or its upstairs". The main empirical focus is that donkey disjunctions, like donkey anaphora, exhibit the ∃/∀ ambiguity, and more generally oscillate between homogeneous and heterogeneous readings in a context-sensitive fashion. The paper then proceeds in two steps: first, a principled analysis of donkey disjunctions is developed in the context of a Bilateral Update Semantics (BUS). BUS, by default, generates heterogeneous readings for donkey anaphora/donkey disjunctions (i.e., ∃ readings, in a positive context). In order to account of homogeneous readings, the conjecture is that sentences may be interpreted exhaustively relative to their negations. This has non-trivial consequences due to the non-classicality of BUS — specifically, a failure of the Law of Non-Contradiction.
Marketing Influencer y su Impacto en las Decisiones de Compra
Authors: Campines Barría Francisco Javier
Published: February 2024

El marketing de influencer es una estrategia de marketing que se basa en colaborar con personas influyentes en las redes sociales para promocionar productos, servicios o marcas. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel del influencia que tienen los influencers en la decisión de compra de los consumidores. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación es  cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva. El proceso de recolección de datos, estuvo apoyado en la aplicación de encuestas a  una muestra de 88 personas a encuestar.  Conforme a la muestra indagada un 87.5% de los encuestados revela que siguen a influencers, de estos un 21.6% da seguimiento a influencers tipo YouTubers. A pesar de que existe una gran cantidad de usuarios que dan a conocer seguir de una forma u otra a influencers por medios de distintas plataformas digitales el 61.4% destacan que estos no influyen en su decisón de compra.
Skiljedom
Authors: Bolding Per Olof
Published: February 2024

Beskrivning saknas.
Går det att bevisa?
Authors: Bolding Per Olof
Published: February 2024

Beskrivning saknas.
The use of Cone-Beam-Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinus inflammatory changes of endodontic origin
Authors:   Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Nistor Cristina Coralia , Tuculina Mihaela Jana ,   Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Parlatescu Ioanina ,   Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Perlea Paula ,   Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2024

Periapical or periradicular pathology of posterior maxillary teeth can cause an inflammatory response in the maxillary sinus. The presented clinical cases show this complex and difficult situation, both for the establishment of a precise diagnosis, but also of the causal relationship, which leads to a treatment addressed to the endodontic infectious cause, without which, only a symptomatic treatment would not ensure the necessary conditions for the healing of this pathology.
Landslide Disaster Hazard Analysis On Built-Up Areas In Banyubiru Sub-District Semarang Regency Using Geographic Information System
Authors: Putri Alifa Salsabilla , Awaluddin Moehammad , Sasmito Bandi
Published: February 2024

Banyubiru Sub-District is the sub-district that experienced the most landslides in Semarang Regency. The condition of steep slopes in several areas in this sub-district is quite dangerous to be used as a residential, industrial and commercial area because of the high probability of disasters, especially landslides. This research focuses on identifying landslide hazard areas, especially on built-up areas in Banyubiru Sub-District, Semarang Regency. The production of landslide hazard map refers to Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 22/PRT/M/2007. The method used to identify landslide hazard areas is scoring and weighting using several parameters, namely slope, land cover, rock type, rainfall and soil type. Based on the processing, it can be known that mapping using the average monthly rainfall parameter for three months is more accurate than using annual rainfall. Landslide hazard on built-up areas in Banyubiru Sub-district is divided into three levels with the dominance of medium landslide hazard level covering 69% or approximately 275.70 Ha. The validation results show that out of 55 landslide events in Banyubiru Sub-district, 17 events occurred on built-up areas with medium to high hazard levels.
Tsunami Modeling Study in Geological Disaster Mitigation in the Kwandang Region
Authors: Mooduto Tirsya Aygina Jaenet , Ahmad Fadhil Abdillah , Kodung Mohamad Ashar Fitrayadi Ramdan S. , Sari Ni Luh Ananda Pusvita , Hidayansya Taufik , Permana Aang Panji
Published: February 2024

The northern coast of the northern arm of Sulawesi is the meeting place of 3 plates that collided with each other during the Neogene period. This condition makes the northern part of Gorontalo, especially Kwandang sub-district, very prone to earthquakes with magnitudes above 6 on the Richter scale (SR), which is one of the triggers for tsunamis. In the period from 1990 - 2008, there were 4 major earthquakes recorded in Gorontalo, namely 1990 (7.3 SR), 1991 (7.1 SR), 1997 (7.0 SR) and 2008 (7.7 SR). Therefore, further research is needed on the return period of the earthquake and the tsunami model that occurs and the sign of tsunami occurrence in the past. This research aims to determine the return period of the earthquake that caused the tsunami and the tsunami model as well as the sedimentology analysis of paleotsunami deposits. The calculation of the earthquake return period uses the Guttenberg-Richter method. Modeling calculations were carried out using the COMCOT numerical model. This model performs calculations by solving shallow water equations in the form of both linear and non-linear equations. Paleotsunami deposits were analyzed using the sedimentology method. The results of the calculation at a magnitude of 6.0 SR show that within 100 years, the study area has a chance of a potentially destructive earthquake of 1.14024978. The results of modeling the tsunami-prone zone, obtained an area of 165.598389 ha. And obtained paleotsunami deposits containing foraminifera with a sediment thickness of 14 cm.
Full Arch Distalisation using Infrazygomatic Crest and Buccal Shelf Implants
Authors:   PG Student, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, Ponnamma A R Sanshavi , Goutham B , Somaiah Sanju , Muddaiah Sunil , Shetty B K , Baby Belwin
Published: February 2024

This article reports the successful use of Infrazygomatic crest and buccal shelf implants in the maxilla and mandible to treat a female patient of age 13‐years. The patient had a skeletal Class I pattern and Angles class I malocclusion. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the posterior dental region between maxillary and mandibular second premolar and first molar teeth on both sides were used as anchorage for full arch distalization. The patient received a satisfactory occlusion and an attractive smile. This technique requires minimal compliance and is particularly useful for correcting bimaxillary protrusion cases. Keywords: Class I Malocclusion, Distalization, Temporary Anchorage Devices
Nanobiomaterials in the Management of Oral Biofilms
Authors:   Post graduate, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Venu Sruthi , Suvarna Reshma , Sargod Sharan S , Bhat Sham S , Rao H T Ajay
Published: February 2024

The oral cavity inhabits diverse microorganisms with members of all age groups including children being associated with oral infections. Bacteria being the principle component of this resident microflora along with the diverse group of other species reflect the wide range of viscerously derived nutrients, the heterogenous habitats for colonization contributing to the survival of the biofilm. Biofilms constitute surface- adherent communities of microorganisms like Streptococcus mutans along with other bacterial species embedded in an extracellular matrix material. The commensal relationship between the host and the microflora can be disrupted in numerous ways, resulting in compromised oral health causing conditions like dental caries and endodontic infections, gingival and periodontal conditions, oral candidiasis and peri-implantitis. Biofilm-related infections prove to be a major threat from both an economical and health perspective. Innovative treatment options remain limited despite of advancements in understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation. The concept of nanotechnology is based on controlling atoms on an individual basis and creating structures less than 100 nm (10_7 m) in size thereby greatly influencing the properties. Incorporation of metals and other nanoparticles with polymers and coating of surfaces provide antimicrobial and anti-adhesive benefits within the oral cavity. Therefore, this paper seeks to throw light into the current advancements in nanoparticle mediated treatment approaches of oral biofilms and its future implications in pediatric dentistry. Keywords: Biofilm, Oral Cavity, Metal Oxides, Nanoparticles, Reactive Oxygen Species, Antibiofilm Efficacy
Alleviating Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated with Dental Malocclusion Utilizing Low-level Laser Therapy
Authors:   Department of Diagnostics Dental Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Hosmani Jagadish , Alqarni Abdullah , Almubarak Hussain Mohammed , Mannakandath Master Luqman , Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Dental malocclusions have been found to disrupt the balance of oral bacteria, contributing to the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Utilizing Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) can potentially restore biodiversity and ecological equilibrium in the oral microbiome, promoting optimal oral health. We propose that administering LLLT with a diode laser emitter emitting visible red light at a wavelength of 970±10 nm and power output of 100mW, can have a positive impact on the oral microbiome. With an exposure area of 6cm2 for a duration of 30 seconds per session (4 sessions per week), it may help prevent dental caries and periodontitis associated with dental malocclusion. We believe that LLLT has the potential to improve the biodiversity of the oral microbiome and promote good oral hygiene and integrity. This non-invasive treatment can serve as an effective therapeutic adjunct by stimulating the oral mucosa. Keywords: Dental Malocclusion, Dental Caries, Periodontitis, Low Level Laser Therapy
ENZIMAS: Una alternativa para remover rápida y eficazmente el mucílago del café
Authors: Peñuela-Martínez Aída Esther , Pabón Jenny , Oliveros-Tascón Carlos Eugenio
Published: February 2024

En Cenicafé, se realizó una investigación orientada a la evaluación del uso de una enzima específica desarrollada por la industria1, para degradar la pectina del café, en el proceso de desmucilaginado. Ésta corresponde a una preparación enzimática de alta concentración, en la cual actúa principalmente la pectinasa, que ha sido calificada para el desmucilaginado de granos de café.
Kindling the First Stars. I. Dependence of Detectability of the First Stars with JWST on the Population III Stellar Masses
Authors: Bovill Mia Sauda , Stiavelli Massimo , Wiggins Alessa Ibrahim , Ricotti Massimo , Trenti Michele
Published: February 2024

The first Population III (Pop III) stars formed out of primordial, metal-free gas, in minihalos at z > 20, and kickstarted the cosmic processes of reionization and enrichment. While these stars are likely more massive than their enriched counterparts, the current unknowns of their astrophysics include when the first Pop III stars ignited, how massive they were, and when and how the era of the first stars ended. Investigating these questions requires an exploration of a multidimensional parameter space, including the slope of the Pop III stellar initial mass function (IMF) and the strength of the nonionizing UV background. In this work, we present a novel model which treats both the slope and maximum mass of Pop III stars as truly free parameters while including the physics of the fragmentation of primordial gas. Our results also hint at a nonuniversal Pop III IMF which is dependent on the efficiency of primordial gas fragmentation. Our relatively simple model reproduces the results from hydrodynamic simulations, but with a computational efficiency which allows us to investigate the observable differences between a wide range of potential Pop III IMFs. In addition, the evolution of the number density of Pop III stars may provide insight into the evolution of the H2 dissociating background. While the slope of the Pop III IMF does not significantly affect the predicted number density of the first stars, more top-heavy IMFs produce Pop III star clusters which are 2–3 magnitudes brighter than their more bottom-heavy counterparts. While the Pop III star clusters are too dim for direct detection by JWST, we find they are within the reach of gravitational lensing.
Thermal Properties of the Hot Core Population in Sagittarius B2 Deep South
Authors: Jeff Desmond , Ginsburg Adam , Bulatek Alyssa , Budaiev Nazar , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Bonfand Mélisse , Battersby Cara , Meng Fanyi , Schilke Peter , Schmiedeke Anika
Published: February 2024

We report the discovery of nine new hot molecular cores in the Deep South (DS) region of Sagittarius B2 using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 6 observations. We measure the rotational temperature of CH3OH and derive the physical conditions present within these cores and the hot core Sgr B2(S). The cores show heterogeneous temperature structure, with peak temperatures between 252 and 662 K. We find that the cores span a range of masses (203–4842 M
⊙) and radii (3587–9436 au). CH3OH abundances consistently increase with temperature across the sample. Our measurements show the DS hot cores are structurally similar to Galactic disk hot cores, with radii and temperature gradients that are comparable to sources in the disk. They also show shallower density gradients than disk hot cores, which may arise from the Central Molecular Zone’s higher density threshold for star formation. The hot cores have properties which are consistent with those of Sgr B2(N), with three associated with Class II CH3OH masers and one associated with an ultra-compact H ii
region. Our sample nearly doubles the high-mass star-forming gas mass near Sgr B2(S) and suggests the region may be a younger, comparably massive counterpart to Sgr B2(N) and (M). The relationship between peak CH3OH abundance and rotational temperature traced by our sample and a selection of comparable hot cores is qualitatively consistent with predictions from chemical modeling. However, we observe constant peak abundances at higher temperatures (T ≳ 250 K), which may indicate mechanisms for methanol survival that are not yet accounted for in models.
TESS Stellar Rotation up to 80 Days in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone
Authors: Claytor Zachary R. , van Saders Jennifer L. , Cao Lyra , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Teske Johanna , Beaton Rachael L.
Published: February 2024

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission delivers time-series photometry for millions of stars across the sky, offering a probe into stellar astrophysics, including rotation, on a population scale. However, light-curve systematics related to the satellite’s 13.7 day orbit have prevented stellar rotation searches for periods longer than 13 days, putting the majority of stars beyond reach. Machine-learning methods have the ability to identify systematics and recover robust signals, enabling us to recover rotation periods up to 35 days for GK dwarfs and 80 days for M dwarfs. We present a catalog of 7245 rotation periods for cool dwarfs in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone, estimated using convolutional neural networks. We find evidence for structure in the period distribution consistent with prior Kepler and K2 results, including a gap in 10–20 day cool-star periods thought to arise from a change in stellar spin-down or activity. Using a combination of spectroscopic and gyrochronologic constraints, we fit stellar evolution models to estimate masses and ages for stars with rotation periods. We find strong correlations between the detectability of rotation in TESS and the effective temperature, age, and metallicity of the stars. Finally, we investigate the relationships between rotation and newly obtained spot filling fractions estimated from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectra. Field starspot filling fractions are elevated in the same temperature and period regime where open clusters’ magnetic braking stalls, lending support to an internal shear mechanism that can produce both phenomena.
Goodbye to Chi by Eye: A Bayesian Analysis of Photometric Binaries in Six Open Clusters
Authors: Childs Anna C. , Geller Aaron M. , von Hippel Ted , Motherway Erin , Zwicker Claire
Published: February 2024

We present a robust methodology for identifying photometric binaries in star clusters. Using Gaia DR3, Pan-STARRS, and Two Micron All Sky Survey data, we self-consistently define the cluster parameters and binary demographics for the open clusters (OCs) NGC 2168 (M35), NGC 7789, NGC 6819, NGC 2682 (M67), NGC 188, and NGC 6791. These clusters span in age from ∼200 Myr (NGC 2168) to more than ∼8 Gyr (NGC 6791) and have all been extensively studied in the literature. We use the Bayesian Analysis of Stellar Evolution software suite to derive the age, distance, reddening, metallicity, binary fraction, and binary mass-ratio posterior distributions for each cluster. We perform a careful analysis of our completeness and also compare our results to previous spectroscopic surveys. For our sample of main-sequence stars with masses between 0.6 and 1 M
⊙, we find that these OCs have similar binary fractions that are also broadly consistent with the field multiplicity fraction. Within the clusters, the binary fraction increases dramatically toward the cluster centers, likely a result of mass segregation. Furthermore nearly all clusters show evidence of mass segregation within the single and binary populations. The OC binary fraction increases significantly with cluster age in our sample, possibly due to a combination of mass-segregation and cluster-dissolution processes. We also find a hint of an anticorrelation between binary fraction and cluster central density as well as total cluster mass, possibly due to an increasing frequency of higher-energy close stellar encounters that inhibit long-period binary survival and/or formation.
Excitation of Quasiperiodic Fast-propagating Waves in the Early Stage of the Solar Eruption
Authors: Hu Jialiang , Ye Jing , Chen Yuhao , Mei Zhixing , Tang Zehao , Lin Jun
Published: February 2024

We propose a mechanism for the excitation of large-scale quasiperiodic fast-propagating magnetoacoustic (QFP) waves observed on both sides of the coronal mass ejection. Through a series of numerical experiments, we successfully simulated the quasi-static evolution of the equilibrium locations of the magnetic flux rope in response to the change of the background magnetic field, as well as the consequent loss of the equilibrium that eventually gives rise to the eruption. During the eruption, we identified QFP waves propagating radially outward of the flux rope, and tracing their origin reveals that they result from the disturbance within the flux rope. Acting as an imperfect waveguide, the flux rope allows the internal disturbance to escape to the outside successively via its surface, invoking the observed QFP waves. Furthermore, we synthesized the images of QFP waves on the basis of the data given by our simulations and found consistency with observations. This indicates that the leakage of the disturbance outside the flux rope could be a reasonable mechanism for QFP waves.
Differentiable Cosmological Simulation with the Adjoint Method
Authors: Li 李 Yin 寅 , Modi Chirag , Jamieson Drew , Zhang 张 Yucheng 宇澄 , Lu 陆 Libin 利彬 , Feng 冯 Yu 雨 , Lanusse François , Greengard Leslie
Published: February 2024

Rapid advances in deep learning have brought not only a myriad of powerful neural networks, but also breakthroughs that benefit established scientific research. In particular, automatic differentiation (AD) tools and computational accelerators like GPUs have facilitated forward modeling of the Universe with differentiable simulations. Based on analytic or automatic backpropagation, current differentiable cosmological simulations are limited by memory, and thus are subject to a trade-off between time and space/mass resolution, usually sacrificing both. We present a new approach free of such constraints, using the adjoint method and reverse time integration. It enables larger and more accurate forward modeling at the field level, and will improve gradient-based optimization and inference. We implement it in an open-source particle-mesh (PM) N-body library pmwd (PM with derivatives). Based on the powerful AD system JAX, pmwd is fully differentiable, and is highly performant on GPUs.
Discovery of a Collimated Jet from the Low-luminosity Protostar IRAS 16253−2429 in a Quiescent Accretion Phase with the JWST
Authors: Narang Mayank , Manoj P. , Tyagi Himanshu , Watson Dan M. , Megeath S. Thomas , Federman Samuel , Rubinstein Adam E. , Gutermuth Robert , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Beuther Henrik , Bourke Tyler L. , Van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Evans Neal J. , Anglada Guillem , Osorio Mayra , Stanke Thomas , Muzerolle James , Looney Leslie W. , Yang Yao-Lun , Klaassen Pamela , Karnath Nicole , Atnagulov Prabhani , Brunken Nashanty , Fischer William J. , Furlan Elise , Green Joel , Habel Nolan , Hartmann Lee , Linz Hendrik , Nazari Pooneh , Pokhrel Riwaj , Rahatgaonkar Rohan , Rocha Will R. M. , Sheehan Patrick , Slavicinska Katerina , Stutz Amelia M. , Tobin John J. , Tychoniec Lukasz , Wolk Scott
Published: February 2024

Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) is a JWST Cycle 1 GO program that uses NIRSpec integral field units and MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph to obtain 2.9–28 μm spectral cubes of young, deeply embedded protostars with luminosities of 0.2–10,000 L
⊙ and central masses of 0.15–12 M
⊙. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a highly collimated atomic jet from the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16253−2429, the lowest-luminosity source (L
bol = 0.2 L
⊙) in the IPA program. The collimated jet is detected in multiple [Fe ii] lines and [Ne ii], [Ni ii], and H i lines but not in molecular emission. The atomic jet has a velocity of about 169 ± 15 km s−1, after correcting for inclination. The width of the jet increases with distance from the central protostar from 23 to 60 au, corresponding to an opening angle of 2.°6 ± 0.°5. By comparing the measured flux ratios of various fine-structure lines to those predicted by simple shock models, we derive a shock speed of 54 km s−1 and a preshock density of 2.0 × 103 cm−3 at the base of the jet. From these quantities and using a suite of jet models and extinction laws, we compute a mass-loss rate between 0.4 and 1.1 ×10−10
M
⊙ yr −1. The low mass-loss rate is consistent with simultaneous measurements of low mass accretion rate (2.4 ± 0.8 × 10−9
M
⊙ yr−1) for IRAS 16253−2429 from JWST observations, indicating that the protostar is in a quiescent accretion phase. Our results demonstrate that very low-mass protostars can drive highly collimated, atomic jets, even during the quiescent phase.
A Massive Protocluster Anchored by a Luminous Quasar at z = 6.63
Authors: Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Hennawi Joseph F. , Fan Xiaohui , Yue Minghao , Bañados Eduardo , Bechtel Shane , Bian Fuyan , Bosman Sarah , Champagne Jaclyn B. , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian
Published: February 2024

Protoclusters, the progenitors of galaxy clusters, trace large scale structures in the early Universe and are important to our understanding of structure formation and galaxy evolution. To date, only a handful of protoclusters have been identified in the Epoch of Reionization. As one of the rarest populations in the early Universe, distant quasars that host active supermassive black holes are thought to reside in the most massive dark matter halos at that cosmic epoch and could thus potentially pinpoint some of the earliest protoclusters. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a massive protocluster around a luminous quasar at z = 6.63. This protocluster is anchored by the quasar and includes three [C ii] emitters at z ∼ 6.63, 12 spectroscopically confirmed Lyα emitters (LAEs) at 6.54 < z ≤ 6.64, and a large number of narrow-band-imaging selected LAE candidates at the same redshift. This structure has an overall overdensity of

δ
=

3.3

−
0.9

+
1.1

within ∼35 × 74 cMpc2 on the sky and an extreme overdensity of δ > 30 in its central region (i.e., R ≲ 2 cMpc). We estimate that this protocluster will collapse into a galaxy cluster with a mass of

6.9

−
1.4

+
1.2

×

10

15

M

⊙

at the current epoch, more massive than the most massive clusters known in the local Universe such as Coma. In the quasar vicinity, we discover a double-peaked LAE, which implies that the quasar has a UV lifetime greater than 0.8 Myrs and has already ionized its surrounding intergalactic medium.
Comparison of Convolutional Neural Networks and Random Forest Classifiers for Strong Gravitational Lens Identification
Authors: Kothuri Maadhav , Saigal Surain , Ayyalasomayajula Sasidhar
Published: February 2024

Strong gravitational lenses have been instrumental in providing insight into various astronomical problems, including analyzing the dark matter distribution of the universe. Effective identification of these events is made possible through machine learning algorithms, with many recent studies focusing on neural networks. However, very few have investigated the tradeoffs between different algorithms besides neural networks for lens identification. Our paper compares a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a random forest classifier (RFC) to determine the benefits of each for this task. We find that while CNNs do achieve higher accuracy, using RFCs to supplement them could increase the effectiveness of such algorithms. As a result, models that utilize both side-by-side to make predictions may increase in accuracy. This should be explored by future research.
Relationship between metformin use and mortality in tuberculosis patients with diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chung Eunki , Jeong Dawoon , Mok Jeongha , Jeon Doosoo , Kang Hee-Yeon , Kim Heejin , Kim Heesun , Choi Hongjo , Kang Young Ae
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims: To determine whether metformin, which is considered a host-directed therapy for tuberculosis (TB), is effective in improving the prognosis of patients with TB and diabetes mellitus (DM), who have higher mortality than those without DM.Methods: This cohort study included patients who were registered as having TB in the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System. The medical and death records of matched patients were obtained from the National Health Information Database and Statistics Korea, respectively, and data from 2011 to 2017 were collected retrospectively. We classified patients according to metformin use among participants who used diabetes drugs for more than 28 days. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during TB treatment. Double propensity score adjustment was applied to reduce the effects of confounding and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: The all-cause mortality rate during TB treatment was lower (9.5% vs. 12.4%, p < 0.01) in the metformin user group. The hazard of death due to all causes after double propensity score adjustment was also lower in the metformin user group (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.86, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mortality between metformin users and non-users for TB-related deaths (p = 0.22); however, there was a significant difference in the non-TB-related deaths (p < 0.01).Conclusions: Metformin use in patients with TB–DM co-prevalence is associated with reduced all-cause mortality, suggesting the potential for metformin adjuvant therapy in these patients.
Le projet lexicographique MORDigital : une nouvelle approche au service des dictionnaires numériques
Authors: Costa Rute , Salgado Ana
Published: February 2024

Le projet MORDigital (PTDC/LLT-LIN/6841/2020) a pour objectif de mettre en ligne les versions numériques des trois premières éditions du Diccionario da Lingua Portugueza d’António de Morais Silva, publiées en 1789, 1813 et 1823. L’approche transdisciplinaire qui parcourt l’ensemble du projet combine la linguistique, les sciences de l’information, les ontologies et l’informatique dans une tentative d’implémenter des méthodes innovantes. Cet article met en avant les objectifs du projet, en insistant notamment sur le rôle des normes pour assurer l’interopérabilité des données produites, ainsi que sur la méthodologie mise en œuvre pour rendre le dictionnaire requêtable. Cette dernière repose sur une analyse linguistique épurée et englobe également les étapes requises pour la formalisation des connaissances présentes dans le texte et associées à celui-ci. MORDigital vise ainsi à promouvoir l’accessibilité au patrimoine culturel et à développer des contenus lexicographiques numériques en portugais en proposant une plateforme dédiée en accès libre. Enfin, une section présentera les domaines de recherche du projet, et les résultats.
A Cost-Utility Analysis Comparing Traditional Clinical, Manikin-Based Simulation, and Screen-Based Virtual Simulation Activities
Authors: Haerling Katie A. , Miller Carrie W.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Simulation activities are used increasingly in nursing education to augment or replace traditional clinical experiences. Educators and regulators are called on to make evidence-based decisions about the use of limited clinical and simulation resources.

Method:

This cost-utility analysis addresses the final aim of a study comparing cognitive learning, patient care performance, and self-perceptions of how well learning needs were met among students who were exposed to 4 hours of traditional clinical experience, 2 hours of manikin-based simulation, or 2 hours of screen-based virtual simulation. The costs of each activity were calculated and divided by a composite measure of the utility of each activity.

Results:

The cost-utilities for 4 hours of traditional clinical experience, 2 hours of manikin-based simulation, and 2 hours of screen-based virtual simulation were $0.15, $0.62, and $0.38, respectively, in U.S. dollars per unit of utility.

Conclusion:

The data provide evidence for educators and administrators to make effective and efficient use of limited resources to prepare nurses for practice.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(2):79–85.]
Fellow Eyes Conversion Rates in Patients With Unilateral Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Academy IRIS
®
Registry Analysis
Authors: Gong Dan , Ross Connor , Hall Nathan , Ivanov Alexander , Elze Tobias , Sobrin Lucia , Miller Joan W. , Lorch Alice , Miller John B. ,   IRISRegistry Analytic Center Consortium
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective:

This study aimed to examine conversion rates from non-exudative to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral exudative AMD using the Academy IRIS
®
Registry.

Patients and Methods:

This study was a retrospective, cohort analysis from 2016 to 2019. Patient and disease characteristics including initial AMD stage were collected. Cox proportional-hazard (PH) and logistic regression modeling were performed.

Results:

The risk of conversion was lower for men relative to women and for Asians and Blacks relative to Whites. Compared to never-smokers, active smokers were at increased risk of conversion, and compared to initially early non-exudative AMD eyes, intermediate and advanced non-exudative AMD eyes had higher rates of conversion. Compared to active choroidal neovascularization eyes, eyes with inactive choroidal neovascularization and inactive scars had lower rates of fellow eye conversion.

Conclusions:

In this cohort analysis of unilateral exudative AMD patients, women, Whites, and active smokers had higher rates of non-exudative to exudative AMD conversion in the fellow eye.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:220–226.]
Nonlinear Jordan triple derivable mapping on $ * $-type trivial extension algebras
Authors: Fei Xiuhai , Lu Cuixian , Zhang Haifang
Published: February 2024

The aim of the paper was to give a description of nonlinear Jordan triple derivable mappings on trivial extension algebras. We proved that every nonlinear Jordan triple derivable mapping on a $ 2 $-torsion free $ * $-type trivial extension algebra is a sum of an additive derivation and an additive antiderivation. As an application, nonlinear Jordan triple derivable mappings on triangular algebras were characterized.
On a complete parametric Sturm-Liouville problem with sign changing coefficients
Authors: Amoroso Eleonora , D'Aguì Giuseppina , Morabito Valeria
Published: February 2024

In this paper we study a complete second order differential equation of Sturm-Liouville type under Dirichlet boundary condition and where the variable coefficients are allowed to be sign changing. Through critical point theory, we obtain the existence of two nontrivial generalized solutions by requiring a specific growth on the nonlinearity. Moreover, the solutions turn out to be nonnegative and with opposite energy sign.
Secure smart home architecture for ambient-assisted living using a multimedia Internet of Things based system in smart cities
Authors: Ouni Ridha , Saleem Kashif
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in smartphones and remote monitoring based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have enabled improved multidimensional intelligent services. The advent of IoT-based wearable and multimedia sensors has prevented millions of mishaps through seamless and systematic monitoring. An IoT-based monitoring system is composed of several sensor devices to measure vital signs, fall detection, energy consumption, and visual recognition. As the data collected by the sensors are transmitted to cloud storage through the Internet, data security is a major concern when transmitting data from remote locations. To improve data security and prediction accuracy, in this study, we proposed a smart and secure multimedia IoT monitoring system for smart homes backed up by smart grid supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). The proposed system employs state-of-the-art IoT microcontrollers and hardware devices and integrates them in a manner that significantly affects the accuracy and speed of the entire system. Furthermore, the information gathered from IoT is securely transferred through private channels and stored on the cloud, which can be accessed authentically and reliably using an information system built into an IoT application. The output was extensively compared in terms of power consumption and delivery ratio, which were based on the values collected with sequence numbers. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the proposed approach provides increased prediction accuracy and better security. Hence, the proposed power-efficient prototype model monitors the entire smart home environment in real time and serves as an early warning system for critical situations.
Determinants of enterprise's financial security
Authors: Dokiienko Larysa , Hrynyuk Nataliya , Britchenko Igor , Trynchuk Viktor , Levchenko Valentyna
Published: February 2024

Our main purpose of the article was to substantiate the methodical approach to assess the enterprise's financial security based on the use of a model set for determining its parameters depending on the characteristics of financing activities and the associated level of risk. The proposed approach created opportunities to determine the parameters of the enterprise's financial security on the scale "level – status – position – zone" in the process of current and strategic management of not only financial security, but also the success of the enterprise as a whole. Based on the financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises by type of economic activity, the key financial indicators calculated and the parameters of their financial security over the past 9 years were determined. The research confirmed the decisive impact on the enterprise's financial security, the features of financing their activities, and the associated risk level. The practical use of the proposed approach proved that it is a convenient, understandable and informative tool for determining the parameters of the enterprise's financial security by the major indicators: Financial stability, liquidity, profitability, and activity financing risk.