bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in diagnosing post-splenectomy cytomegalovirus mononucleosis
Authors: Aldecoa Kim Abbegail Tan , Pidikiti Rahul , Brar Jaisal , Krishnamoorthy Geetha , Kalyan Shamla , Cosma Cecilia , Chitagi Pritha
Published: January 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is often asymptomatic. However, in certain individuals, it can cause non-specific signs and symptoms that maybe hard to recognise. The condition may therefore be overlooked or misdiagnosed, leading to prolonged illness and serious sequelae. In this case report, we present a rare instance of CMV infection in an HIV-negative patient who had a remote history of splenectomy and was experiencing prolonged fever and markedly elevated white blood cell (WBC) count.
Gravity unloading of a very large spaceborne monolithic SiC mirror
Authors: Tian Fuxiang , Zhang Feng , Guo Jiang , Zhu Lei , Wang Hao
Published: January 2024

We formulated a gravity unloading strategy for a monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) mirror with a Φ3m aperture in space. Employing the finite element analysis (FEA) technique, a rapid solution analytical approach for determining optimal support forces during gravity unloading is introduced. This method demonstrates enhanced efficiency and accuracy compared to conventional approaches. A quantitative evaluation methodology for the gravity release error, grounded in the minimum-energy mode, is delineated. The adverse impacts could be expeditiously computed by assessing the maximum deflection of minimum-energy modes generated by various errors. The analytical findings revealed that compliance with the stipulated gravity release error criterion of less than 6 nm (root-mean-square) necessitated the gravity unloading force error to fall within the range of ±0.1N. Additionally, the gravity unloading support position error was required to be within Φ0.5mm, and the measurement error pertaining to the rib thickness of the actual mirror blank had to be within ±0.02mm.
Simplified design method for optical imaging systems based on aberration characteristics of optical-digital joint optimization
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Zhong Xing , Qu Zheng , Gao Qixiang , Li Lei , Zeng Chaoli
Published: January 2024

With the continuous improvement of imaging performance requirements, the design of imaging systems has become increasingly complex, making it more difficult and expensive to manufacture and test. To overcome these problems, a simplified design framework for imaging systems based on aberration characteristics of optical-digital joint optimization was built in this paper. Specifically, an improved total variation regularization restoration algorithm was proposed, and the difficulty of correction for different monochromatic aberrations was evaluated. With this evaluation, the proposed algorithm was combined with the traditional optical design method to jointly correct the aberration and simplify the optical system by relaxing the requirements for optical structures and surface shapes under the guarantee of the imaging performance. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the method, three design examples are provided, where the structure similarity index measure of the simulation imaging results is on the same level as that of the initial system, with a maximum error not exceeding 0.04. The simulation results demonstrate that our design method can effectively simplify the optical structure of imaging systems while maintaining high performance.
Germanene saturable absorber for mode-locked operation in an all-fiber laser with multiple dispersion environments
Authors: Han Yunao , Fan Weiyu , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Lezheng , He Yutian , Tang Yunqi , Zhang Huanian , Wang Guomei , Zhang Wenfei , Bai Caixun , Lu Cheng , Fu Shenggui
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a high-quality germanene–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 3.05% and a saturation intensity of 17.95MW/cm2 was prepared. Stable conventional mode-locking and harmonic mode-locking (HML) were achieved in germanene-based Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) using dispersion management techniques. In a cavity with a net dispersion value of −0.22ps2, the conventional soliton had a center wavelength of 1558.2 nm, a repetition frequency of 19.09 MHz, and a maximum 3 dB spectrum bandwidth of 3.5 nm. The highest repetition frequencies achieved in cavities with net dispersion values of −2.81ps2, −1.73ps2, and −1.09ps2 were 9.48 MHz, 12.75 MHz, and 12.10 MHz for HML, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of dispersion, power, and the polarization state on HML were systematically investigated. Our research results fully demonstrate the capability of germanene as an optical modulator in generating conventional mode-locked and harmonic mode-locked solitons. This provides meaningful references for promoting its application in ultrafast fiber lasers.
High-precision sensor for glucose solution using active multidimensional feature THz spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Jiarui , Wang Nan , Zhang Bingyuan , Gao Feilong , Wang Minghong , Song Qi
Published: January 2024

Terahertz waves are known for their bio-safety and spectral fingerprinting features, and terahertz spectroscopy technology holds great potential for both qualitative and quantitative identification in the biomedical field. There has been a substantial amount of research utilizing this technology in conjunction with machine learning algorithms for substance identification. However, due to the strong absorption of water for terahertz waves, the single-dimensional features of the sample become indistinct, thereby diminishing the efficiency of the algorithmic recognition. Building upon this, we propose a method that employs terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in conjunction with multidimensional feature spectrum identification for the detection of blood sugar and glucose mixtures. Our research indicates that combining THz-TDS with multidimensional feature spectrum and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithms can effectively identify glucose concentrations and detect adulteration. By integrating the multidimensional feature spectrum, the identification success rate increased from 68.9% to 96.0%. This method offers an economical, rapid, and safe alternative to traditional methods and can be applied in blood sugar monitoring, sweetness assessment, and food safety.
Quasi-bound state in the continuum based strong light confinement in graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Danaeifar Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The bound state in the continuum (BIC) is exploited to metasurfaces for the purpose of arising strong confinement of light and high quality (Q) factor resonances. In this paper, a BIC symmetry-protected metasurface consisting of rectangular graphene patches is synthesized and realistically modeled with intrinsic losses in a far-infrared regime. The quasi-BIC with three asymmetry approaches is applied to attain strong tailored confinement of the incident light, and the resulting resonances with tailored line widths and selective confinement of light are exhibited. Asymmetry parameters of length, rotation, and material feature of chemical potential regulate dual specifications of resonance linewidth and intensity. Efficiency analysis of the results illustrates that rotation asymmetry is the foremost among the three suggested methods, and it establishes the highest Q-factor of 945 with an achievable asymmetry parameter of 5.5%. The high Q and tunable resonances realized in the graphene quasi-BIC metasurfaces promise various practical applications in the infrared spectra, such as narrow band filters, sensors, optical switches, and light-matter interaction platforms.
Broadband and precise characterization of comb-resonance detuning of microresonator frequency combs based on coherent detection
Authors: Shoda Ayaka , Tetsumoto Tomohiro , Furusawa Kentaro , Imai Kazuhiro , Kourogi Motonobu , Sekine Norihiko
Published: January 2024

Optical frequency combs are versatile tools for precision measurements. Microcombs, optical frequency combs generated in high-Q microresonators, are attractive frequency comb sources particularly for industrial applications, thanks to their compact sizes and low power consumption. However, experimental characterization of microcombs often involves complicated experimental setups. We present a fast measurement method by employing a coherent heterodyne detection to simultaneously characterize the detuning between resonator resonances and comb lines over a broad spectral range in a single sweep, from which dispersion of a hot resonator can be estimated. This method can further be extended to a simultaneous measurement of relative phases between the comb lines.
Stigma, depression, quality of life, and the need for psychosocial support among people with tuberculosis in Indonesia: A multi-site cross-sectional study
Authors: Fuady Ahmad , Arifin Bustanul , Yunita Ferdiana , Rauf Saidah , Fitriangga Agus , Sugiharto Agus , Yani Finny Fitry , Nasution Helmi Suryani , Putra I. Wayan Gede Artawan Eka , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Wingfield Tom
Published: January 2024

Stigma towards people with tuberculosis (TB-Stigma) is associated with other psychosocial consequences of TB including mental illness and reduced quality of life (QoL). We evaluated TB-Stigma, depression, QoL, and the need for psychosocial support among adults with TB in Indonesia, a high TB burden country. In this primary health facility-based survey in seven provinces of Indonesia, from February to November 2022, we interviewed adults receiving (a) intensive phase treatment for drug-susceptible (DS) TB at public facilities, (b) treatment at private facilities, (c) those lost to follow up (LTFU) to treatment, and (d) those receiving TB retreatment. We used our previously validated Indonesian TB-Stigma Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and EQ-5D-5L to measure TB-Stigma, depression, and QoL. Additional questions assessed what psychosocial support was received or needed by participants. We recruited and interviewed 612 people, of whom 60.6% (96%CI 59.6–64.5%) experienced moderate TB-Stigma. The average TB-Stigma scores were 19.0 (SD 6.9; min-max 0–50; Form A-Patient Perspective) and 23.4 (SD 8.4, min-max 0–50; Form B-Community Perspective). The scores were higher among people receiving treatment at private facilities (adjusted B [aB] 2.48; 0.94–4.03), those LTFU (aB 2.86; 0.85–4.87), males (aB 1.73; 0.59–2.87), those losing or changing job due to TB (aB 2.09; 0.31–3.88) and those living in a rural area (aB 1.41; 0.19–2.63). Depression was identified in 41.5% (95% CI 37.7–45.3%) of participants. Experiencing TB-Stigma was associated with moderately severe to severe depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.23; 1.15–1.32) and both stigma and depression were associated with lower QoL (aB -0.013; [-0.016]-[-0.010]). Informational (20.8%), emotional (25.9%) and instrumental (10.6%) support received from peers or peer-groups was limited, and unmet need for such support was high. There is a sizeable and intersecting burden of TB-Stigma and depression among adults with TB in Indonesia, which is associated with lower QoL. Participants reported a substantial unmet need for psychosocial support including peer-led mutual support groups. A community-based peer-led psychosocial support intervention is critical to defray the psychosocial impact of TB in Indonesia.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate: CoA ligases from Marchantia paleacea and their roles in lignin and flavanone biosynthesis
Authors: Gao Shuai , Liu Xin-Yan , Ni Rong , Fu Jie , Tan Hui , Cheng Ai-Xia , Lou Hong-Xiang
Published: January 2024

Phenylpropanoids play important roles in plant physiology and the enzyme 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of thioesters. Despite extensive characterization in various plants, the functions of 4CLs in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea remain unknown. Here, four 4CLs from M. paleacea were isolated and functionally analyzed. Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli indicated the presence of different enzymatic activities in the four enzymes. Mp4CL1 and Mp4CL2 were able to convert caffeic, p-coumaric, cinnamic, ferulic, dihydro-p-coumaric, and 5-hydroxyferulic acids to their corresponding CoA esters, while Mp4CL3 and Mp4CL4 catalyzed none. Mp4CL1 transcription was induced when M. paleacea thalli were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The overexpression of Mp4CL1 increased the levels of lignin in transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, we reconstructed the flavanone biosynthetic pathway in E. coli. The pathway comprised Mp4CL1, co-expressed with chalcone synthase (CHS) from different plant species, and the efficiency of biosynthesis was optimal when both the 4CL and CHS were obtained from the same species M. paleacea.
Crop DNA extraction with lab-made magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Haichuan , Zhao Xueqi , Tan Li , Zhu Junwei , Hyten David
Published: January 2024

Molecular breeding methods, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, require high-throughput and cost-effective methods for isolating genomic DNA from plants, specifically from crop tissue or seed with high polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. A quick and inexpensive high-throughput method for isolating genomic DNA from seed and leaf tissue from multiple crops was tested with a DNA isolation method that combines CTAB extraction buffer and lab-made SA-coated magnetic nanoparticles. This method is capable of isolating quality genomic DNA from leaf tissue and seeds in less than 2 hours with fewer steps than a standard CTAB extraction method. The yield of the genomic DNA was 582–729 ng per 5 leaf discs or 216–1869 ng per seed in soybean, 2.92–62.6 ng per 5 leaf discs or 78.9–219 ng per seed in wheat, and 30.9–35.4 ng per 5 leaf discs in maize. The isolated DNA was tested with multiple molecular breeding methods and was found to be of sufficient quality and quantity for PCR and targeted genotyping by sequencing methods such as molecular inversion probes (MIPs). The combination of SA-coated magnetic nanoparticles and CTAB extraction buffer is a fast, simple, and environmentally friendly, high-throughput method for both leaf tissues and seed(s) DNA preparation at low cost per sample. The DNA obtained from this method can be deployed in applied breeding programs for marker-assisted selection or genomic selection.
Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) antigen is overexpressed in Kaposi Sarcoma and is regulated by KSHV vFLIP
Authors: Morales Ayana E. , Gumenick Ruby , Genovese Caitlyn M. , Jang Yun Yeong , Ouedraogo Ariene , Ibáñez de Garayo Maite , Pannellini Tania , Patel Sanjay , Bott Matthew E. , Alvarez Julio , Mun Sung Soo , Totonchy Jennifer , Gautam Archana , Delgado de la Mora Jesus , Chang Stephanie , Wirth Dagmar , Horenstein Marcelo , Dao Tao , Scheinberg David A. , Rubinstein Paul G. , Semeere Aggrey , Martin Jeffrey , Godfrey Catherine C. , Moser Carlee B. , Matining Roy M. , Campbell Thomas B. , Borok Margaret Z. , Krown Susan E. , Cesarman Ethel
Published: January 2024

In people living with HIV, Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), a vascular neoplasm caused by KS herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Individuals living with HIV, receiving otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy, may present with extensive disease requiring chemotherapy. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) protein is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in several hematologic and solid malignancies and has shown promise as an immunotherapeutic target. We found that WT1 was overexpressed in >90% of a total 333 KS biopsies, as determined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Our largest cohort from ACTG, consisting of 294 cases was further analyzed demonstrating higher WT1 expression was associated with more advanced histopathologic subtypes. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of infected cells within KS tissues, assessed by expression of the KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), and WT1 positivity. Areas with high WT1 expression showed sparse T-cell infiltrates, consistent with an immune evasive tumor microenvironment. We show that major oncogenic isoforms of WT1 are overexpressed in primary KS tissue and observed WT1 upregulation upon de novo infection of endothelial cells with KSHV. KSHV latent viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) upregulated total and major isoforms of WT1, but upregulation was not seen after expression of mutant vFLIP that is unable to bind IKKƴ and induce NFκB. siRNA targeting of WT1 in latent KSHV infection resulted in decreased total cell number and pAKT, BCL2 and LANA protein expression. Finally, we show that ESK-1, a T cell receptor–like monoclonal antibody that recognizes WT1 peptides presented on MHC HLA-A0201, demonstrates increased binding to endothelial cells after KSHV infection or induction of vFLIP expression. We propose that oncogenic isoforms of WT1 are upregulated by KSHV to promote tumorigenesis and immunotherapy directed against WT1 may be an approach for KS treatment.
A cartografia portuguesa como elemento fundante de Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Tony Marcelo Gomes de , Steinke Valdir Adilson , Vieira António Avelino Batista , Steinke Sabrina
Published: January 2024

Este trabalho parte da proposição da ressignificação memorial referente ao contexto histórico formador da ideia e produção da cidade capital do Brasil, Brasília. O objetivo foi indicar a riqueza temporal que induziu a ideia de transferência da capital brasileira, deixando o litoral mercantilista em direção ao interior do território, reconhecendo a origem e a evolução dos estudos cartográficos como um dos elementos basilares e fundamental para o conhecimento espacial e geográfico do Centro-Oeste brasileiro, tendo como principais justificativas a defesa e a ocupação territorial. Também foi objetivo do estudo interpretar, na análise dos fatos, a participação estratégica do Marquês de Pombal, no século XVIII, que possuía uma ligação íntima com os cartógrafos Ângelo dos Santos Cardoso e Tosi Colombina, responsáveis ​​diretos por pesquisarrem e realizarem os mapas pioneiros da capitania de Goiás, sítio que sediou a construção de Brasília mais de 200 anos após a inspiração estratégica da corte portuguesa em reconhecimento e indicar a transferência da capital do Brasil para o interior do território. Assim, o artigo no seu contexto, propõe contribuir com o debate referente a geohistória da cidade de Brasília, ressaltando a elasticidade do campo temporal e espacial que possibilitou a materialização da cidade modernista, tombada como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) em 1990. sítio que sediou a construção de Brasília mais de 200 anos após a inspiração estratégica da corte portuguesa em reconhecer e indicar a transferência da capital do Brasil para o interior do território. Assim, o artigo no seu contexto, propõe contribuir com o debate referente a geohistória da cidade de Brasília, ressaltando a elasticidade do campo temporal e espacial que possibilitou a materialização da cidade modernista, tombada como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) em 1990. sítio que sediou a construção de Brasília mais de 200 anos após a inspiração estratégica da corte portuguesa em reconhecer e indicar a transferência da capital do Brasil para o interior do território. Assim, o artigo no seu contexto, propõe contribuir com o debate referente a geohistória da cidade de Brasília, ressaltando a elasticidade do campo temporal e espacial que possibilitou a materialização da cidade modernista, tombada como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) em 1990.
Implication of the Geographical Axis for international scale language research
Authors: Tătar Marius Alexandru
Published: January 2024

The research of the article is based on theories that analyse the links between geography and linguistics. A core theory in the analysis is Diamond's (1999, Chapter 7) idea of the different population histories of continental areas, Güldemann (2008, 2010) speculatively proposed that macro-areal aggregations of linguistic features might be influenced by large-scale geographical factors. In line with Diamond’s geographical axis hypothesis, it is assumed that the way linguistic features assemble periods time spans and large geographical space is determined among other things by two factors which potentially are the “latitude spread potential” and the “longitude spread the constraint.” This paper reports on first results of evaluating this concerning the first factor, we argue that contact-induced feature distributions as well as genealogically defined language groups that have a sufficient geographical extension tend to have a latitudinal orientation. Regarding the second factor, provide the first results suggesting that linguistic diversity within language families tends to be higher along the longitude axis. If these findings can be replicated by more extensive and diverse testing, they promise to become important ingredients for a comprehensive theory of human history across space and time within linguistics and beyond.
García Lorca en Italia: la primera recepción
Authors: Dolfi Laura
Published: January 2024

El artículo presenta un análisis de la recepción de la obra de Federico García Lorca en Italia durante las dos primeras décadas después de su muerte. A pesar de la dificultad histórica y bibliográfica de la época, varios hispanistas e hispanófilos italianos, incluyendo traductores, críticos y escritores, jugaron un papel importante en la introducción de la obra de Lorca en Italia. En el estudio se mencionan los primeros comentarios y reseñas de las obras lorquianas en la prensa italiana, así como entrevistas que se centraron tanto en su trabajo como director teatral como en su personalidad (de entre los primeros receptores, cabe destacar la labor de Levi y Marconi). Estas páginas, publicadas en revistas y diarios, ofrecen una visión temprana de la recepción de Lorca en Italia, pese a la hostilidad del gobierno italiano de la época. En una época en la que las traducciones predominaron sobre la interpretación crítica, se presta atención sobre todo a las figuras de tres hispanistas y comparatistas: Carlo Bo, Vittorio Bodini y Oreste Macrí. Los tres traducen y editan parte sustancial de la obra del poeta granadino, haciéndola accesible al público lector italiano a partir de la década de los cuarenta. Más allá de su labor traductográfica, los tres maestros hispanistas son los principales promotores también de la interpretación de la poesía, el teatro y la prosa de Lorca en Italia, convirtiéndose el autor español en uno de los escritores españoles contemporáneos más leídos y publicados en el país transalpino.
El juego de hacer versos: calas en la difusión de la poesía española en Italia desde las páginas de la revista Poesía
Authors: Laskaris Paola
Published: January 2024

Partiendo de los evocadores versos de Gil de Biedma, en el presente artículo se aborda el tema de la recepción de la poesía hispánica en Italia, analizando las dinámicas de su difusión en nuestro país a partir de los años ochenta y hasta hoy, a través de las páginas de la popular revista mensual Poesia (del editor Nicola Crocetti), publicación periódica que desde 1988 sigue divulgando la escritura poética y difundiendo las voces del panorama literario mundial entre los lectores italianos. El objetivo es ofrecer una primera catalogación de los textos y las referencias a la poesía de ámbito hispánico (sobre todo español) incluidos en el conocido periódico italiano, a fin de esbozar una reflexión sobre la tipología de autores y textos seleccionados y su recepción. En las páginas de Poesia, el lector italiano puede leer traducciones y versiones originales de escritores españoles de diferentes épocas y estilos: así, al lado de autores clásicos como Góngora (traducido por importantes poetas italianos contemporáneos) o San Juan de la Cruz, encontramos a los más relevantes escritores de las generaciones del 27 y del 50, así como textos poéticos de la literatura española más actual.
Adverse neurobehavioral changes with reduced blood and brain cholinesterase activities in mice treated with statins
Authors: Al-Shalchi Rawnaq Faris , Mohammad Fouad Kasim
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Pleiotropic effects of hypolipidemic statins with behavioral outcomes have been suggested in humans and laboratory animals. There is limited information on the neurobehavioral effects of statins in mice. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in neurobehavioral performance and cholinesterase (ChE) activity in mice after high doses of three commonly used statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin).

Materials and Methods: Two hours after vehicle (control) or statin dosing at 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg/kg orally, each mouse was subjected to 5 min open-field activity, negative geotaxis at an angle of 45°/60 s, 5 min head pocking, and forced swimming endurance. Plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activities were determined spectrophotometrically 2 and 24 h after oral dosing of statins at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.

Results: The statins variably, but dose-dependently and significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the latency to move in the open-field arena, decreased locomotion and rearing, reduced head pocking, and delayed negative geotaxis performance. However, statins significantly increased the duration of forced swimming and decreased the duration of immobility in the swimming tank. Statins significantly and dose-dependently decreased plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activity 2 and 24 h after dosing. Plasma and brain ChE activities recovered by 5%–32.9% and 5.7%–14.4% 24 h later from the 2 h ChE values, respectively.

Conclusion: High doses of statins differentially modulate neurobehavioral outcomes in mice in association with reduced plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activity. Plasma or erythrocyte ChE may be used for biomonitoring of the adverse/ therapeutic effects of statins.

Keywords: atorvastatin, head pocking, negative geotaxis, open-field activity, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, swimming endurance.
Seroconversion, genotyping, and potential mosquito vector identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in pig sentinel settings in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Kardena I Made , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Oka Ida Bagus Made , Sahibzada Shafi , Bruce Mieghan , O’Dea Mark
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Despite the endemicity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans and animals in the Province of Bali, Indonesia, there is little data on whether seroconversion to the virus occurs in pigs, JEV genotypes circulating, and it’s potential mosquito vectors in the area. The aims of this study were to (i) Determine whether JEV infection in Balinese pigs occurs before reaching their sexual maturity, (ii) identify the genotypes of circulating JEV, and (iii) identify potential JEV mosquito vectors at the study sites in urban and peri-urban areas of Bali.

Materials and Methods: Sixteen 1-week-old Landrace piglets from two different sows were housed in Denpasar. Similarly, 18 one-week-old mixed-breed piglets of two different sows were housed in Badung Regency. The piglets were bled every 1 to 4 weeks for up to 24 weeks. Serum samples from the 11 piglets were tested for antibodies against JEV, and seroconversion-suspected sera were titrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood of seroconverted sera from pigs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genetic sequence of JEV. The mosquitoes in the sentinels were trapped throughout the study period to identify the potential mosquito vectors of JEV.

Results: Antibodies were detected in most of the selected piglets’ sera from weeks 1 to 24 of their age. However, sera of pig B9 collected from the sentinel setting in Badung Regency showed a four-fold increase in antibody titer from week 4 to week 8, indicating seroconversion. PCR testing of blood from B9 (pooled blood sample collected from week 5 to week 8) identified JEV nucleic acids, which were phylogenetically classified as belonging to the JEV genotype III. Meanwhile, 1271 of two genera of mosquitoes, Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. were trapped in the pig sentinels.

Conclusion: JEV seroconversion likely occurs before the pig reaches sexual maturity in Badung Regency. Sequence data indicate that JEV genotype III is circulating in the pig sentinel setting in the regency; however, circulating genotypes need to be clarified through increased surveillance. Meanwhile, Culex spp. and most likely Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles spp. were the dominant mosquitoes present in the study sites set in the urban area of Denpasar and peri-urban areas of Badung, Bali, indicating that these are likely vectors in spread of JEV in the region.

Keywords: genotyping, Japanese encephalitis virus, pig sentinel setting, potential mosquito vectors, seroconversion.
Formalin-fixed stool improves the performance of the Kato–Katz method
Authors: Wisetmora Ampas , Artchayasawat Atchara , Laummaunwai Porntip , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Wattanawong Oranard , Boonmars Thidarut
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are a public health problem worldwide, including in Thailand. An epidemiological survey for helminthiasis based on stool examination uses the Kato–Katz method as recommended by the World Health Organization. Limitations of this method include the need for fresh stool, time requirement, and lack of quality control. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficiency of the Kato–Katz technique using formalin and glycerol solutions and to implement specimen preparation in fieldwork.

Materials and Methods: For the Kato–Katz method, stool samples were divided into formalin-fixed and unfixed groups at various time points and processes. Fresh echinostome eggs were added to each stool group. Incubation with glycerol increased the clearing process. Each group was observed and photographed using a light microscope. Parasite eggs were imaged and compared using the standard Kato–Katz method.

Results: Visualization of echinostome eggs from formalin-fixed stool slides was significantly better than that from unfixed stool slides (p < 0.01). Stool samples fixed for 7 days retained normal echinostome eggs morphology. Incubation with glycerol for 1 h resulted in increased Kato–Katz performance by digesting the stool content and enhancing egg observation. Moreover, the results of the Kato–Katz method using fixed and fixed stool plus glycerol for natural helminth infection showed good quality of Opisthorchis viverrini and Taenia egg visualization and normal morphology with a clear background of slides.

Conclusion: Formalin-fixed stool could be more suitable than fresh stool for the Kato–Katz method.

Keywords: formalin-fixed stool, glycerol, Kato–Katz method, parasitology examination, specimen preparation.
Explorando os fatores críticos de sucesso que afetam a visitação em Unidades de Conservação Estaduais em Minas Gerais
Authors: Fróes Soares dos Santos Cristiane , Magela Moreira Simone
Published: January 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de variáveis biofísicas, sociais e de gestão na visitação turística em unidades de conservação do estado de Minas Gerais, entre 2015 e 2019, buscando por possíveis correlações entre as que mais influenciaram o número de visitantes. Os resultados mostraram que a reputação foi a única variável que apresentou relação significativa, indicando a importância desse atributo intangível na escolha dos destinos de ecoturismo pelos turistas. Com base nesse achado, sugerimos que as unidades de conservação adotem estratégias para fortalecer sua reputação a partir de uma comunicação mais eficiente e compreensão do mercado turístico. Essa abordagem pode aumentar a atratividade das unidades de conservação para os ecoturistas e contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável da região. Desse modo, a pesquisa contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que influenciam a visitação turística em unidades de conservação do estado de Minas Gerais, fornecendo subsídios valiosos para a gestão do ecoturismo nessas áreas
Cultivating the Pancasila Student Profile in Early Childhood Using the Garuda Book: An Innovative Method in Indonesian Educational Practices
Authors: Masitah Widya , Sitepu Juli Maini , Raniyah Qaulan
Published: January 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of the Garuda Book, a tailored educational tool for instilling the Pancasila Student Profile in early childhood education within Indonesia's Independent Curriculum framework. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) approach, this research involved creating, implementing, and evaluating the Garuda Book in an early childhood educational setting at RA Nurul Hadina. The study's methodology incorporated the development of project activities linked to the curriculum, including "I Love the Earth" and "I Love Indonesia," with the book designed for durability and child appeal. Data collection entailed various questionnaires assessing media and material validity and the effectiveness of the Garuda Book in imparting Pancasila values. Results indicated a significant improvement in children's understanding and embodiment of Pancasila values post-intervention, as evidenced by increased scores in assessments related to faith, diversity, cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity. However, challenges such as teachers' limited understanding of the independent curriculum were noted, necessitating further training. This study's findings underscore the potential of contextually relevant educational tools like the Garuda Book in early childhood education, contributing substantially to pedagogical practices aimed at value formation. Future research could explore such tools' long-term impacts and adaptability across diverse educational contexts.
Structural and functional features of asthma participants with fixed airway obstruction using CT imaging and 1D computational fluid dynamics: A feasibility study
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Hung , Kim So Ri , Chae Kum Ju , Jin Gong Yong , Choi Sanghun
Published: January 2024

Asthma with fixed airway obstruction (FAO) is associated with significant morbidity and rapid decline in lung function, making its treatment challenging. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) along with data postprocessing is a useful tool to obtain detailed information on airway structure, parenchymal function, and computational flow features. In this study, we aim to identify the structural and functional differences between asthma with and without FAO. The FAO group was defined by a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC <0.7. Accordingly, we obtained two sets of QCT images at inspiration and expiration of asthma subjects without (N = 24) and with FAO (N = 12). Structural and functional QCT‐derived airway variables were extracted, including normalized hydraulic diameter, normalized airway wall thickness, functional small airway disease, and emphysema percentage. A one‐dimensional (1D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model considering airway deformation was used to compare the pressure distribution between the two groups. The computational pressures showed strong correlations with the pulmonary function test (PFT)‐based metrics. In conclusion, asthma participants with FAO had worse lung functions and higher‐pressure drops than those without FAO.
Performance of doubly reinforced concrete beams with GFRP bars
Authors: AbdulMuttalib Issa Musa , Allawi Abbas A. , Oukaili Nazar
Published: January 2024

The study focused on examining the behavior of six concrete beams that were reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to evaluate their performance in terms of their load-carrying capacity, deflection, and other mechanical properties. The experimental investigation would provide insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of GFRP bars as an alternative to traditional reinforcement materials like steel bars in concrete structures. The GFRP bars were used in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Each beam in the study shared the following specifications: an overall length of 2,400 mm, a clear span of 2,100 mm, and a rectangular cross-section measuring 300 mm in width and 250 mm in depth. To apply loads for testing, two-point static loads were placed at the middle third of the beam’s span, creating a shear span of 700 mm in length. The beams were categorized into three groups depending on the GFRP longitudinal reinforcement ratio in the tension and compression zones of the section. GFRP bars with a diameter of 15 mm were employed as longitudinal reinforcement, while closed GFRP stirrups with a diameter of 8 mm at 100 mm were utilized as transverse reinforcement throughout the structural element. Test results have indicated that the ultimate load capacity of doubly GFRP-reinforced concrete beams varies compared to singly GFRP-reinforced beams. The range of variation observed is between an increase of 8% and a decrease of 4%. Accordingly, the contribution of the GFRP bars in the compression zone is insignificant and could be ignored in design calculations. It was observed that the loading level at which crack spacing stabilized ranged between 31.3 and 87% of the experimental failure load. It seems that the crack spacing decreased with the increase in the reinforcement ratio.
Experimental analysis of the effects of different production directions on the mechanical characteristics of ABS, PLA, and PETG materials produced by FDM
Authors: Erdaş Mehmet Umut , Yıldız Betül Sultan , Yıldız Ali Rıza
Published: January 2024

One of the most researched technologies among technologies used for producing complex and diverse parts today is additive manufacturing. In additive manufacturing, production can be carried out using thermoplastic and metal materials without requiring an additional process. Among the additive manufacturing technologies, the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method is the most widely used method worldwide due to its affordability and broad application area. FFF is a method in which part formation is achieved by depositing melted materials on each other. In recent years, polymer materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) have been frequently used in many industrial areas in the FFF method because they are lightweight, inexpensive, sustainable, and provide sufficient strength for engineering applications. This study conducted tensile, three-point bending, Charpy, and compression tests on PLA, PETG, and ABS materials at angles of 15°–75° and 30°–60°, and the results were compared.
Transparent energy-saving windows based on broadband directional thermal emission
Authors: Bae Minyeol , Kim Do Hyeon , Kim Sun-Kyung , Song Young Min
Published: January 2024

Passive radiative cooling has emerged as a sustainable energy-saving solution, characterized by its energy-free operation and absence of carbon emissions. Conventional radiative coolers are designed with a skyward orientation, allowing for efficient heat dissipation to the cold heat sink. However, this design feature presents challenges when installed on vertical surfaces, as nearby objects obstruct heat release by blocking the cooler’s skyward view. Here, we introduce a directional radiative cooling glass (DRCG) designed to facilitate efficient heat dissipation through angular selective emission. The DRCG is constructed as a multilayer structure incorporating epsilon-near-zero materials, specifically Si3N4 and Al2O3, layered on an indium-tin-oxide thermal reflector. This innovative design restricts thermal emission to specific angular ranges, known as the Berreman mode. Additionally, the transparent layers enable a visible transmittance exceeding 84 %. Theoretical simulations validate the enhanced cooling performance of the DRCG, exhibiting a temperature reduction of over 1.5 °C compared with conventional glass in hot urban environments characterized by a nearby object temperature exceeding 60 °C and a sky view factor of 0.25. Furthermore, outdoor experiments demonstrate that employing the DRCG as a window enhances space-cooling performance by ∼1.5 °C. These findings underscore the potential of transparent energy-saving windows in mitigating the urban heat island effect.
Programmable flip-metasurface with dynamically tunable reflection and broadband undistorted transmission
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Xiangteng , Chu Hongchen , Liu Baiyang , Miao Shenhao , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu , Lai Yun
Published: January 2024

We introduce a programmable flip-metasurface that can dynamically control the reflection while leaving the transmitted wavefront undistorted in an ultra-broad spectrum, i.e., the same as that of the incidence. This metasurface is constructed by unique meta-atoms that can be dynamically switched between two flip states, which correspond to the spatial inversion of each other. Due to the reciprocity principle and spatial inversion symmetry, the transmission is independent of the flip states, regardless of the frequency. While the reflection can be conveniently controlled by tuning the flip states. Dynamical steering of the reflected waves, such as diffuse reflection, focusing, and beam-splitting, is numerically and experimentally validated along with unaffected transmission. Our finding opens an approach to dynamically modulate reflections without affecting transmission, which could have broad potential applications ranging from wireless communications to stealth technology.
Clinical pharmacy services in cancer patients with hypertension
Authors: Tezcan Songul , Yılmaz Feyza Nur
Published: January 2024

Clinical pharmacy services aim to ensure the rational use of drugs and resolve disease/health conditions with a multidisciplinary approach. Pharmaceutical care plans need to be created to effectively provide clinical pharmacy services in the treatment of hypertension which is one of the common chronic diseases in cancer patients. In this mini-review, we examine which drugs can cause or worsen hypertension in patients receiving cancer treatment, potential drug-drug interactions between drugs used in cancer treatment and antihypertensive drugs, pharmacological and clinical studies for the treatment of hypertension in patients with hypertension before cancer diagnosis or newly diagnosed hypertension due to cancer treatment. Non-pharmacological treatment approaches are presented. We think that our study will be a resource that can be used to solve possible drug-related problems in the practice.
The perturbation of Drazin inverse and dual Drazin inverse
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Cui Chong , Wei Yimin
Published: January 2024

In this study, we derive the Drazin inverse(A+εB)D{\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{D}of the complex matrixA+εBA+\varepsilon BwithInd(A+εB)>1{\rm{Ind}}\left(A+\varepsilon B)\gt 1andInd(A)=k{\rm{Ind}}\left(A)=kand the group inverse(A+εB)#{\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{\#}of the complex matrixA+εBA+\varepsilon BwithInd(A+εB)=1{\rm{Ind}}\left(A+\varepsilon B)=1andInd(A)=k{\rm{Ind}}\left(A)=kwhenεB\varepsilon Bis viewed as the perturbation ofAA. If the dual Drazin inverse (DDGI)A^DDGI{\widehat{A}}^{{\rm{DDGI}}}ofA^\widehat{A}is considered as a notation. We calculate(A+εB)D−A^DDGI{\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{D}-{\widehat{A}}^{{\rm{DDGI}}}and(A+εB)#−A^DDGI{\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{\#}-{\widehat{A}}^{{\rm{DDGI}}}and obtain‖(A+εB)D−A^DDGI‖P∈O(ε2)\Vert {\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{D}-{\widehat{A}}^{{\rm{DDGI}}}{\Vert }_{P}\in {\mathcal{O}}\left({\varepsilon }^{2})and‖(A+εB)#−A^DDGI‖P∈O(ε2)\Vert {\left(A+\varepsilon B)}^{\#}-{\widehat{A}}^{{\rm{DDGI}}}{\Vert }_{P}\in {\mathcal{O}}\left({\varepsilon }^{2}). Meanwhile, we give some examples to verify these conclusions.
The effects of virtual business events on attitudes and behavioural intentions of Generation Z
Authors: Boros Kitti , Keller Krisztina
Published: January 2024

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER
The virtual form of business events has grown in popularity as a result of smart technology. The MICE industry is being challenged by the emergence of a new type of consumer on the business events market: members of Generation Z, who were born in the age of digital technology and some of them are currently enrolled in undergraduate programmes at universities. The relationship between members of Generation Z studying in higher education and virtual events is determined by unique characteristics. This paper focuses on identifying virtual business event challenges from the perspective of undergraduate students, as the younger generation becomes more involved in business events.
METHODOLOGY
Primary research was conducted among students enrolled in undergraduate economics programmes at two Hungarian universities. Our quantitative research reveals (1) roles in which university students tend to appear at virtual and face-to-face (F2F) business events and (2) lessons drawn regarding the organisation of virtual business events from the perspective of university students. We used an online self-filled questionnaire survey with 556 valid responses.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
The main characteristic of Generation Z is their high level of knowledge of technology and their dependence on it. The results of the research show that students attend virtual business events as participants and speakers alike and that they find such events at least as useful as F2F business events. Nevertheless, it can be seen that university students represent a business potential for event organisers. Although university students found virtual events to be slightly more efficient, they still consider F2F events important.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In light of these findings, managerial implications are defined so that they represent innovative technologies and can encourage Generation Z members to become more involved in business events.
„Kérem, gondoljon a környezetre, mielőtt kinyomtatja ezt a cikket!” - A belső marketing szerepe a szervezetek környezetvédelmi erőfeszítéseinek közvetítésében és hatása a fiatal munkavállalók elégedettségére
Authors: Hubert József
Published: January 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, miként befolyásolják a munkavállalók elégedettségét a munkaadó szervezet környezeti impaktjáról szóló híradások, és ez a hatás milyen módon vonható kontroll alá a belső marketing eszközeivel.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A téma alul kutatott természete miatt a kutatás feltáró jellegű, kvalitatív elemzésre támaszkodik. A megkérdezésben 76 fő, egyetemista korú válaszadó vett részt, akik előre megadott szempontok szerint írtak jellemzést munkahelyükről. Ez a megközelítés lehetővé tette, hogy szélesebb körben (egy fős vállalkozásoktól a multinacionális cégekig, profitorientált vállalkozásoktól a non-profit szféra szereplőiig) megismerhető legyen a fiatalabb generáció véleménye.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A tanulmány feltárta, hogy a belső marketing kedvező és kedvezőtlen hatással is lehet a munkavállalói elégedettségre. A kedvező hatás kiaknázásához a szervezeteknek szinkronba kell hozniuk a környezetvédelmi tevékenység szintjével az arról szóló kommunikáció szintjét. További eredményként felállításra került egy modell, ami a munkavállalók szemszögéből értelmezi a szervezet környezeti impaktjáról szóló híradások szerepét a munkahellyel való elégedettségben. A kutatás ráirányítja a marketing szakemberek figyelmét arra, hogy a vállalatok környezetvédelmi impaktja nem csak a fogyasztók, de a munkavállalók szempontjából is meghatározó lehet. A szervezetek a belső marketing eszköztára révén kontrollálhatják a folyamatot, ami azonban gondos tervezést igényel, hogy elkerüljék a célzottal ellentétes hatást.
GYAKORLATI/GAZDASÁGPOLITIKAI JAVASLATOK
A szervezeteknek kiemelt figyelmet kell fordítaniuk a munkatársak megfelelő tájékoztatására. A belső marketing csatornák összehangolása mellett fontos szempont kell legyen az is, hogy a tényleges tevékenység (környezeti impakt) és az azokról szóló hírek szinkronban legyenek, az ellentmondások ugyanis a szervezet tagjainak elkötelezettségét erodálhatják.