bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Influence on Microstructure and Properties of Novel Explosive Welded Corrosion Resistant Clad Materials
Authors: Gloc Michał , Słomińska Hanna , Ciupiński Łukasz
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to investigate whether the explosively welded metals are susceptible to hydrogen degradation. The materials described in this article are widely used nickel alloy Inconel C-276 and super duplex steel SAF 2507 as clad materials for their superior resistance to corrosive environment and low alloy steel P355NH as a base material. It was observed that at the explosive bonded interface between the base steel and the stainless steel some local melting zones are formed. It was found that the cathodic hydrogen charging causes changes in the microstructure of bonded materials and decreases the shear strength of bonds as well as the corrosion resistance of clads.
Application of Coupled Ductile Fracture Criterion to Plane Strain Plates
Authors: Šebek František , Kubík Petr , Petruška Jindřich
Published: January 2018

The paper presents a complex material model which covers the elastic-plastic behavior, material deterioration and ductile fracture. The calibration of such model was conducted for Aluminum Alloy (AA) 2024-T351 using specimens with various geometries and loading which covers various stress states. The model was then applied to the simulations of tensile test of plates. The computations were carried out in Abaqus/Explicit using the user subroutine Vectorized User MATerial (VUMAT), where the crack initiation and subsequent propagation was realized using the element deletion technique. The results were compared to the experimental observation in the end.
Four-Parameter Viscoelastic Model for the Plates of Uniformly Varying Cross-Section
Authors: Tekin Gülçin , Kadıoğlu Fethi
Published: January 2018

This study aims to investigate the quasi-static response of linear viscoelastic Kirchhoff plates of uniformly varying cross-section subjected to time-dependent loads. Four-parameter solid model is used for defining the linear viscoelastic material behavior. Through an efficient systematic procedure based on the Gâteaux Differential (GD), a functional has been constructed for the analysis. For the analysis, mixed finite element (MFE) method in transformed Laplace-Carson space is used. For transformation of the solutions obtained in the Laplace-Carson domain to the real time domain, Dubner & Abate (D&A) numerical inverse transform technique is employed.
Eccentricity Effect in the Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement
Authors: Návrat Tomáš , Halabuk David , Vlk Miloš , Vosynek Petr
Published: January 2018

The paper focuses on the analysis of the eccentricity effect in the measurement of the hole-drilling residual stress. Relaxed strains were evaluated by computational simulation of the hole-drilling experiment using the finite element method. Errors induced by eccentricity were estimated for elastic and elastic-plastic states in area around the drilled hole due to the stress concentration. The invariance of the stress change with depth was assumed. The correction of eccentricity and plasticity effects in evaluation of residual stresses was realized within the EVAL 7 software (SINT Technology). The analysis shows that in elastic state the eccentricity and angular position of the drilled hole have a significant effect on relative residual stress errors. Correction according to the HDM method is very effective in this case. If the relative error of 5 % is allowed, which is in engineering practice acceptable, eccentricity of ±0.05 mm could be accepted without correction. When the combination of eccentricity and plasticity occurs, the correction of plasticity is more important in method 13-EXT-UN.
Barrier Properties Analysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films (PET) Coated with Natural Polyphenolic and Gelatin Mixture (PGM)
Authors: Ishtiaque Shagufta , Naz Shahina , Ahmed Jawaad , Faruqui Arshad
Published: January 2018

The food packaging material provides protection against moisture, heat, enzymes, oxygen penetration etc. The shelf life of food can be increased by coating barrier materials on plastic films. In this work the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and water vapour permeability (WVP) of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were adjusted via coating of Polyphenols and Gelatin mixture (PGM) with different concentrations while maintaining the other properties of modified PET films. This article deals with the changes in properties of PGM coated PET films with some innovative ideas of multilayer film formulation. Polyphenolics were extracted from Terminalia Catappa (Indian almond), Camellia sinensis (Green tea leaves) and Trachyspermumammi (Ajwain). The results showed that WVP was decreased from 1.0±0 to 0.12±0.03 g/in2/day (p < 0.01) in comparison with uncoated (1.3±0.07g/in2/day). Similarly, same trend was obtained for OTR (63.5±0.02 to 38.1±0.03g/in2/day) with respect to uncoated film (82 ± 3.5). This study provides important evidence that addition of PGM on PET films leads to improved films in terms of OTR and WVP with minor changes in optical properties.
Evolutionary k-nearest neighbor imputation algorithm for gene expression data
Authors: De Silva Hiroshi , Perera A. Shehan
Published: January 2018

Large data sets are produced by the gene expression process which is done by using the DNA microarray technology. These gene expression data are recognized as a common data source which contains missing expression values. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm optimized k- Nearest neighbor algorithm (Evolutionary kNNImputation) for missing data imputation. Despite the common imputation methods this paper addresses the effectiveness of using supervised learning algorithms for missing data imputation. Missing data imputation approaches can be categorized into four main categories and among the four approaches, our focus is mainly on local approach where the proposed Evolutionary k- Nearest Neighbor Imputation Algorithm falls in. The Evolutionary k- Nearest Neighbor Imputation Algorithm is an extension of the common k- nearest Neighbor Imputation Algorithm which the genetic algorithm is used to optimize some parameters of k- Nearest Neighbor Algorithm. The selection of similarity matrix and the selection of the parameter value k can be identified as the optimization problem. We have compared the proposed Evolutionary k- Nearest Neighbor Imputation algorithm with k- Nearest Neighbor Imputation algorithm and mean imputation method. The three algorithms were tested using gene expression datasets. Certain percentages of values are randomly deleted in the datasets and recovered the missing values using the three algorithms. Results show that Evolutionary kNNImputation outperforms kNNImputation and mean imputation while showing the importance of using a supervised learning algorithm in missing data estimation. Even though mean imputation happened to show low mean error for a very few missing rates, supervised learning algorithms became effective when it comes to higher missing rates in datasets which is the most common situation among datasets.
Employability and related context prediction framework for university graduands: a machine learning approach
Authors: Wijayapala Manushi P. , Premaratne H. L. , Jayamanne I. T.
Published: January 2018

In Sri Lanka (SL), graduands’ employability remains a national issue due to the increasing number of graduates produced by higher education institutions each year. Thus, predicting the employability of university graduands can mitigate this issue since graduands can identify what qualifications or skills they need to strengthen up in order to find a job of their desired field with a good salary, before they complete the degree. The main objective of the study is to discover the plausibility of applying machine learning approach efficiently and effectively towards predicting the employability and related context of university graduands in Sri Lanka by proposing an architectural framework which consists of four modules; employment status prediction, job salary prediction, job field prediction and job relevance prediction of graduands while also comparing performance of classification algorithms under each prediction module. Series of machine learning algorithms such as C4.5, Naïve Bayes and AODE have been experimented on the Graduand Employment Census - 2014 data. A pre-processing step is proposed to overcome challenges embedded in graduand employability data and a feature selection process is proposed in order to reduce computational complexity. Additionally, parameter tuning is also done to get the most optimized parameters. More importantly, this study utilizes several types of Sampling (Oversampling, Undersampling) and Ensemble (Bagging, Boosting, RF) techniques as well as a newly proposed hybrid approach to overcome the limitations caused by the class imbalance phenomena. For the validation purposes, a wide range of evaluation measures was used to analyze the effectiveness of applying classification algorithms and class imbalance mitigation techniques on the dataset. The experimented results indicated that RandomForest has recorded the highest classification performance for 3 modules, achieving the selected best predictive models under hybrid approach having an area under the ROC curve interpretation as an ‘Excellent’ experiment, while a C4.5 Decision Tree model under Ensemble approach has been selected as the best model of the remaining module (Salary Prediction module).
IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Balances Th1 and T Follicular Helper Immunity during Nonlethal Blood-Stage Plasmodium Infection
Authors: James Kylie R. , Soon Megan S. F. , Sebina Ismail , Fernandez-Ruiz Daniel , Davey Gayle , Liligeto Urijah N. , Nair Arya Sheela , Fogg Lily G. , Edwards Chelsea L. , Best Shannon E. , Lansink Lianne I. M. , Schroder Kate , Wilson Jane A. C. , Austin Rebecca , Suhrbier Andreas , Lane Steven W. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Engwerda Christian R. , Heath William R. , Haque Ashraful
Published: January 2018

Differentiation of CD4+ Th cells is critical for immunity to malaria. Several innate immune signaling pathways have been implicated in the detection of blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, yet their influence over Th cell immunity remains unclear. In this study, we used Plasmodium-reactive TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells, termed PbTII cells, during nonlethal P. chabaudi chabaudi AS and P. yoelii 17XNL infection in mice, to examine Th cell development in vivo. We found no role for caspase1/11, stimulator of IFN genes, or mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein, and only modest roles for MyD88 and TRIF-dependent signaling in controlling PbTII cell expansion. In contrast, IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) was important for supporting PbTII expansion, promoting Th1 over T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and controlling parasites during the first week of infection. IRF3 was not required for early priming by conventional dendritic cells, but was essential for promoting CXCL9 and MHC class II expression by inflammatory monocytes that supported PbTII responses in the spleen. Thereafter, IRF3-deficiency boosted Tfh responses, germinal center B cell and memory B cell development, parasite-specific Ab production, and resolution of infection. We also noted a B cell–intrinsic role for IRF3 in regulating humoral immune responses. Thus, we revealed roles for IRF3 in balancing Th1- and Tfh-dependent immunity during nonlethal infection with blood-stage Plasmodium parasites.
Woodruff Keys
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: January 2018
Optical distortion compensation in the visual measurement with the new Depth From Defocus method
Authors: Sulej Wojciech , Murawski Krzysztof , Pustelny Tadeusz
Published: January 2018

The paper presents new approach to compensation the inaccuracy of shape mapping of the flaccid membrane used in the extracorporeal pneumatic heart assist pump. The original shape of the membrane was determined using specially developed DFD type method. The major problems affecting the inaccuracy of mapping the membrane result from the phenomenon of optical distortion. The invented approach to compensate for optical distortion in the process of visual measurement as well as the results obtained were presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Murawski, Method of measuring the distance using one camera, Patent Application No P.408076 (2014) - in Polish. DirectLink K. Murawski, M. Murawska, T. Pustelny, The system and method of determining the shape of the membrane pneumatic pump of extracorporeal heart assist device, Patent Application No P.414104 (2015) - in Polish. DirectLink M. Gawlikowski, T. Pustelny, R. Kustosz, "The physical parameters estimation of physiologically worked heart prosthesis", Journal de Physique IV France 137, 73 (2006). CrossRef K. Murawski, "Measurement of Membrane Displacement Using a Motionless Camera", Acta Phys. Pol. A 128(1), 10 (2015). CrossRef K. Murawski, "Measurement of Membrane Displacement with a Motionless Camera Equipped with a Fixed Focus Lens", Metrology and Measurement Systems 22(1), 69 (2015). CrossRef K. Murawski, A. Arciuch, T. Pustelny, "Study of distance range visual measurement in the new Depth From Defocus method", Phot. Lett. Poland 8, 2 (2016). CrossRef L. Grad, K. Murawski, W. Sulej, "Research to improve the accuracy of determining the stroke volume of an artificial ventricle using the wavelet transform", Proc. SPIE 10455, 1045509 (2017). CrossRef W. Sulej, K. Murawski, "The membrane shape mapping of the artificial ventricle in the actual dimensions", Proc. FedCSIS ACSIS 11, 675 (2017). CrossRef W. Sulej, L. Grad, K. Murawski, "The technique of accuracy measurement of membrane shape mapping of an artificial ventricle", Proc. SPIE 10455, 104550B (2017). CrossRef
Clinical Practice Informs Secure Messaging Benefits and Best Practices
Authors: Haun Jolie , Hathaway Wendy , Chavez Margeaux , Antinori Nicole , Vetter Brian , Miller Brian , Martin Tracey , Kendziora Lisa , Nazi Kim , Melillo Christine
Published: January 2018

Background Clinical care team members in Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA) facilities nationwide are working to integrate the use of Secure Messaging (SM) into care delivery and identify innovative uses. Identifying best practices for proactive use of SM is a key factor in its successful implementation and sustained use by VA clinical care team members and veterans.

Objectives A collaborative project solicited input from VA clinical care teams about their local practices using SM to provide access to proactive patient-centered care for veterans and enhance workflow.

Methods This project implemented a single-item cross-sectional qualitative electronic survey via internal e-mail to local coordinators in all 23 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs). Content analysis was used to manage descriptive data responses. Descriptive statistics described sample characteristics.

Results VA clinical care team members across 15 of 23 VISNs responded to the questionnaire. Content analysis of 171 responses produced two global domains: (1) benefits of SM and (2) SM best practices. Benefits of SM use emphasize enhanced and efficient communication and increased access to care. Care team members incorporate SM into their daily clinical practices, using it to provide services before, during, and after clinical encounters as a best practice. SM users suggest improvements in veteran care, clinical team workflow, and efficient use of health resources. Clinical team members invested in the successful implementation of SM integrate SM into their daily practices to provide meaningful and useful veteran-centered care and improve workflow.

Conclusion VA clinical care team members can use SM proactively to create an integrated SM culture. With adequate knowledge and motivation to proactively use this technology, all clinical team members within the VA system can replicate best practices shared by other clinical care teams to generate meaningful and useful interactions with SM to enrich veterans' health care experience.
Clinical Informatics Researcher's Desiderata for the Data Content of the Next Generation Electronic Health Record
Authors: Kennell Timothy , Willig James , Cimino James
Published: January 2018

Objective Clinical informatics researchers depend on the availability of high-quality data from the electronic health record (EHR) to design and implement new methods and systems for clinical practice and research. However, these data are frequently unavailable or present in a format that requires substantial revision. This article reports the results of a review of informatics literature published from 2010 to 2016 that addresses these issues by identifying categories of data content that might be included or revised in the EHR.

Materials and Methods We used an iterative review process on 1,215 biomedical informatics research articles. We placed them into generic categories, reviewed and refined the categories, and then assigned additional articles, for a total of three iterations.

Results Our process identified eight categories of data content issues: Adverse Events, Clinician Cognitive Processes, Data Standards Creation and Data Communication, Genomics, Medication List Data Capture, Patient Preferences, Patient-reported Data, and Phenotyping.

Discussion These categories summarize discussions in biomedical informatics literature that concern data content issues restricting clinical informatics research. These barriers to research result from data that are either absent from the EHR or are inadequate (e.g., in narrative text form) for the downstream applications of the data. In light of these categories, we discuss changes to EHR data storage that should be considered in the redesign of EHRs, to promote continued innovation in clinical informatics.

Conclusion Based on published literature of clinical informaticians' reuse of EHR data, we characterize eight types of data content that, if included in the next generation of EHRs, would find immediate application in advanced informatics tools and techniques.
A New EHR Training Curriculum and Assessment for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Stroup Kathryn , Sanders Benjamin , Bernstein Bruce , Scherzer Leah , Pachter Lee
Published: January 2018

Background Conventional classroom Electronic Health Record (EHR) training is often insufficient for new EHR users. Studies suggest that enhanced training with a hands-on approach and closely supported clinical use is beneficial.

Objectives Our goals were to develop an enhanced EHR learning curriculum for Post Graduate Year 1 (PGY1) residents and measure changes in EHR skill proficiency, efficiency, and self-efficacy.

Methods A novel three-phase, multimodal enhanced EHR curriculum was designed for a cohort of PGY1 residents. After basic training, residents began phase 1 of enhanced training, including demonstrations, live practice, and order set review. Phase 2 involved skills-oriented assignments, role playing, and medication entry. Phase 3 included shadowing, scribing histories, and supervised order entry. Residents' EHR skills and attitudes were measured and compared before and after the enhanced curriculum via proficiency test and a survey of efficiency and self-efficacy.

Results Nineteen of 26 PGY1 residents participated in the study (73%). There was significant improvement in mean proficiency scores and two of the five individual proficiency scores. There were significant improvements in most efficiency survey responses from pre- to postintervention. For the self-efficacy presurvey, many PGY1s reported to be “very” or “somewhat confident” performing each of the five tasks, and perceptions did not improve or worsened on most postsurvey responses. The greatest resource was the time required to design and deliver the enhanced training.

Conclusion An enhanced training curriculum along with a proficiency assessment was developed and described here. An enhanced training curriculum significantly improved PGY1 EHR efficiency and some measures of proficiency but not self-efficacy. This intervention may support improved EHR-related clinic workflows, which ultimately could enable residents and preceptors to prioritize patient care and time for clinical education.
Core Components for a Clinically Integrated mHealth App for Asthma Symptom Monitoring
Authors: Rudin Robert , Fanta Christopher , Predmore Zachary , Kron Kevin , Edelen Maria , Landman Adam , Zimlichman Eyal , Bates David
Published: January 2018

Background mHealth apps may be useful tools for supporting chronic disease management.

Objective Our aim was to apply user-centered design principles to efficiently identify core components for an mHealth-based asthma symptom–monitoring intervention using patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods We iteratively combined principles of qualitative research, user-centered design, and “gamification” to understand patients' and providers' needs, develop and refine intervention components, develop prototypes, and create a usable mobile app to integrate with clinical workflows. We identified anticipated benefits and burdens for stakeholders.

Results We conducted 19 individual design sessions with nine adult patients and seven clinicians from an academic medical center (some were included multiple times). We identified four core intervention components: (1) Invitation—patients are invited by their physicians. (2) Symptom checks—patients receive weekly five-item questionnaires via the app with 48 hours to respond. Depending on symptoms, patients may be given the option to request a call from a nurse or receive one automatically. (3) Patient review—in the app, patients can view their self-reported data graphically. (4) In-person visit—physicians have access to patient-reported symptoms in the electronic health record (EHR) where they can review them before in-person visits. As there is currently no location in the EHR where physicians would consistently notice these data, recording a recent note was the best option. Benefits to patients may include helping decide when to call their provider and facilitating shared decision making. Benefits to providers may include saving time discussing symptoms. Provider organizations may need to pay nurses extra, but those costs may be offset by reduced visits and hospitalizations.

Conclusion Recent systematic reviews show inconsistent outcomes and little insight into functionalities required for mHealth asthma interventions, highlighting the need for systematic intervention design. We identified specific features for adoption and engagement that meet the stated needs of users for asthma symptom monitoring.
Health Information Exchange for Continuity of Maternal and Neonatal Care Supporting: A Proof-of-Concept Based on ISO Standard
Authors: Santos M.R. , de Sá T.Q.V. , da Silva F.E. , dos Santos Junior M.R. , Maia T.A. , Reis Z.S.N.
Published: January 2018

Background Around the world, people receive care at various institutions; therefore, clinical information is recorded either on paper or distributed on different information systems with reduced capabilities for sharing data. One approach to handling the complex nature of the health information systems and making it interoperable is the two-level modeling, and the ISO 13606 standard is an option to support this model. A regionally governed EHR program in Brazil proposed to use the ISO 13606 standard and archetypes. This program includes an EHR repository for consolidating the longitudinal electronic record of patients' health.

Objective This article aims to present the results and lessons learned from a proof-of-concept (POC) for integrating the Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare Information System (SISMater) developed by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) with the EHR system developed by the Department of Healthcare for the State of Minas Gerais (SES/MG).

Methods The design of the architecture and software development were driven by the content to be exchanged between the SISMater system and the EHR system and the usage of XML transformation to translate an ISO 13606 EHR extract and vice versa. This POC did not include tests related to revision objects according to ISO 13606 reference model.

Results The software architecture and software components required for this POC were proposed and tested. The EHR system validated the syntax and semantic and persisted the extract in the EHR repository. Complete results can be accessed at https://github.com/pocppsus/repository.

Conclusion The approach for using XML transformations could make easier the process for ISO 13606 noncompliant EMR systems to exchange EHR data with the SES/MG EHR system.
Association between Search Behaviors and Disease Prevalence Rates at 18 U.S. Children's Hospitals
Authors: Daniel Dennis , Wolbrink Traci , Logvinenko Tanya , Harper Marvin , Burns Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

Background Usage of online resources by clinicians in training and practice can provide insight into knowledge gaps and inform development of decision support tools. Although online information seeking is often driven by encountered patient problems, the relationship between disease prevalence and search rate has not been previously characterized.

Objective This article aimed to (1) identify topics frequently searched by pediatric clinicians using UpToDate (http://www.uptodate.com) and (2) explore the association between disease prevalence rate and search rate using data from the Pediatric Health Information System.

Methods We identified the most common search queries and resources most frequently accessed on UpToDate for a cohort of 18 children's hospitals during calendar year 2012. We selected 64 of the most frequently searched diseases and matched ICD-9 data from the PHIS database during the same time period. Using linear regression, we explored the relationship between clinician query rate and disease prevalence rate.

Results The hospital cohort submitted 1,228,138 search queries across 592,454 sessions. The majority of search sessions focused on a single search topic. We identified no consistent overall association between disease prevalence and search rates. Diseases where search rate was substantially higher than prevalence rate were often infectious or immune/rheumatologic conditions, involved potentially complex diagnosis or management, and carried risk of significant morbidity or mortality. None of the examined diseases showed a decrease in search rate associated with increased disease prevalence rates.

Conclusion This is one of the first medical learning needs assessments to use large-scale, multisite data to identify topics of interest to pediatric clinicians, and to examine the relationship between disease prevalence and search rate for a set of pediatric diseases. Overall, disease search rate did not appear to be associated with hospital disease prevalence rates based on ICD-9 codes. However, some diseases were consistently searched at a higher rate than their prevalence rate; many of these diseases shared common features.
Previous Experience Not Required: Contextualizing the Choice to Teach School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Marx Adam A. , Smith Amy R. , Smalley Scott W. , Miller Courtney
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify key career choice items which lead students without previous experience in school-based agricultural education (SBAE) to pursuing agricultural education. The Ag Ed FIT-Choice® model adapted by Lawver (2009) and developed by Richardson and Watt (2006) provided the investigative framework to design this study. Findings were organized around categories of the Ag Ed Fit-Choice Model (Lawver, 2009) with the exception of one additional category, believed unique to this group. Two focus groups were assembled to include ten participants. A myriad of experiences led participants to consider SBAE as a career. Certainly, it can be concluded that a passion for agricultural education does not solely stem from prior SBAE experiences. The intrigue toward the varied content associated with agriculture played a substantial role in participants’ choice to teach agriculture. Participants’ reflections revealed a distinct interconnectedness of domains within the Ag Ed Fit-Choice® model and the way in which this group of future teachers reflects upon career decision. Further, participants engaged in near constant value-checking and introspective career evaluation resulting through field experiences. The present study generated additional questions on the most effective ways to recruit future SBAE teachers who are non-traditional SBAE students.
Online Certificate Program Moves Participants to Advanced Stages of Concern for Social Marketing
Authors: Chaudhary Anil Kumar , Warner Laura A. , Stofer Kathryn A.
Published: January 2018

Social marketing is an underused strategy that agricultural educators can employ to bring about behavior change. We designed an online certificate program for Extension professionals and other educators based on an identified need for social marketing professional development. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) served as the conceptual framework and stages of concern explained changes in concerns among Cultivating Community Change online certificate program participants. The purpose of the study was to describe participants’ stages of concern profile before and after the certificate program and identify how participants’ perceptions changed as a result of involvement in the certificate program. We collected quantitative data using the stages of concern questionnaire and qualitative data from participants’ open-ended discussion answers. Participation in the certificate program moved participants to advanced stages of concerns for application of social marketing in their work. The certificate program helped to broaden participants’ understanding and application of this technique and changed their perceptions positively toward social marketing. We consider the certificate program successful, and we recommend agricultural education professionals use online certificate programs to build Extension professionals’ and other educators’ skills to change behavior of their target audiences.
Identifying the Needs of Opinion Leaders to Encourage Widespread Adoption of Water Conservation and Protection
Authors: Taylor Melissa R. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: January 2018

Opinion leaders are persuasive in convincing others within their social networks to adopt certain opinions and behaviors. By identifying and using opinion leaders, agricultural educators may be able to leverage individuals who have influence on others’ opinions, thereby speeding up the adoption of new practices. In this article, we review a statewide survey to define opinion leaders and understand their current water conservation practices. Additionally, by using the theoretical framework of the diffusion of innovations, we explored what subject matter areas opinion leaders are most interested in, and where they go for more information. These findings will identify how agricultural educators can reach opinion leaders to help disseminate important water conservation information. The findings indicated opinion leaders have a good grasp on how to conserve water, but are still misusing water in terms of protecting its quality. Based on these findings it is suggested that agricultural educators develop educational programming focused on improving opinion leaders’ knowledge of water pollution; a connection needs to be made between water quality and the environment.
Comparison of global observations and trends of total precipitable water derived from microwave radiometers and COSMIC radio occultation from 2006 to 2013
Authors: Ho Shu-Peng , Peng Liang , Mears Carl , Anthes Richard A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We compare atmospheric total precipitable water (TPW) derived from
the
SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and SSMIS (Special Sensor Microwave
Imager/Sounder) radiometers and WindSat to collocated TPW estimates derived
from COSMIC (Constellation System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate)
radio occultation (RO) under clear and cloudy conditions over the oceans from
June 2006 to December 2013. Results show that the mean microwave (MW)
radiometer – COSMIC TPW differences range from 0.06 to 0.18 mm for clear
skies, from
0.79 to 0.96 mm for cloudy skies, from 0.46 to 0.49 mm for cloudy but non-precipitating
conditions, and from 1.64 to 1.88 mm for precipitating conditions. Because RO
measurements are not significantly affected by clouds and precipitation, the
biases mainly result from MW retrieval uncertainties under cloudy and
precipitating conditions. All COSMIC and MW radiometers detect a positive TPW
trend over these 8 years. The trend using all COSMIC observations
collocated with MW pixels for this data set is 1.79 mm decade−1, with a 95 %
confidence interval of (0.96, 2.63), which is in close agreement with the
trend estimated by the collocated MW observations (1.78 mm decade−1 with a
95 % confidence interval of 0.94, 2.62). The sample of MW and RO pairs used
in this study is highly biased toward middle latitudes (40–60∘ N and 40–65∘ S), and thus these trends are
not representative of global average trends. However, they are representative
of the latitudes of extratropical storm tracks and the trend values are
approximately 4 to 6 times the global average trends, which are
approximately 0.3 mm decade−1. In addition, the close agreement of these two
trends from independent observations, which represent an increase in TPW in
our data set of about 6.9 %, are a strong indication of the positive water
vapor–temperature feedback on a warming planet in regions where precipitation
from extratropical storms is already large.
Simulating the dependence of seismo-ionospheric coupling on the magnetic field inclination
Authors: Joshi Lalit Mohan , Sripathi Samireddipelle , Kumar Muppidi Ravi , Kherani Esfhan Alam
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Infrasound generated during a seismic event upon reaching the ionospheric
heights possesses the ability to perturb the ionosphere. Detailed modelling
investigation considering 1-D dissipative linear dynamics, however, indicates
that the magnitude of ionospheric perturbation strongly depends on the
magnetic field inclination. Physics-based SAMI2 model codes have been
utilized to simulate the ionosphere perturbations that are generated due to
the action of the vertical wind perturbations associated with the seismic
infrasound. The propagation of the seismic energy and the vertical wind
perturbations associated with the infrasound in the model has been considered
to be symmetric about the epicentre in the north–south directions.
Ionospheric response to the infrasound wind, however, has been highly
asymmetric in the model simulation in the north–south directions. This
strong asymmetry is related to the variation in the inclination of the
Earth's magnetic field north and south of the epicentre. Ionospheric
monitoring generally provides an efficient tool to infer the crustal
propagation of the seismic energy. However, the results presented in this
paper indicate that the mapping between the crustal process and the
ionospheric response is not a linear one. These results also imply that the
lithospheric behaviour during a seismic event over a wide zone in low
latitudes can be estimated through ionospheric imaging only after factoring
in the magnetic field geometry. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (pressure, density, and temperature) – history of geophysics (atmospheric sciences) – ionosphere (ionosphere–atmosphere interactions)
Seasonal dynamics and disturbance of phytoplankton biomass in the wake of Tahiti as observed by Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Authors: Sauzède Raphaëlle , Martinez Elodie , Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , Poteau Antoine , Mignot Alexandre , Maes Christophe , Claustre Hervé , Uitz Julia , Maamaatuaiahutapu Keitapu , Rodier Martine , Schmechtig Catherine , Laurent Victoire
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The South Pacific Subtropical Gyre (SPSG) is a vast and remote area where large uncertainties on variability in phytoplankton biomass and production remain due to the lack of biogeochemical in situ observations. In such oligotrophic environments, ecosystems are predominantly controlled by nutrients depletion in surface waters. However, this oligotrophic character can be disturbed in the vicinity of islands where enhancement of biological activity is known to occur (i.e. the island mass effect, IME). This study mainly focuses on in situ observations showing that an IME can be evidenced leeward of Tahiti (17.7° S–149.5° W), French Polynesia. Concomitant physical and biogeochemical observations collected with two Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) profiling floats from April 2015 to November 2016 are used to investigate the dynamics of phytoplankton biomass. The first float has a transit of more than 1000 km westward of Tahiti (open ocean conditions) while the second one remained in the Tahitian wake (around 45 km from the island coasts). In the oligotrophic central SPSG, the wintertime increase in upper layer chlorophyll a concentration is likely due to photoacclimation process. Vertical observations show a light-driven deepening of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) from winter to summer, consistently with previous descriptions. At the opposite, within the Tahitian wake, the DCM temporary widens during late spring in association with a biological enhancement in the upper layer. Combining in situ measurements with meteorological data along the Tahiti coasts, Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model outputs and satellite-derived products (i.e., horizontal currents and associated fronts), the physical mechanisms involved in the disturbance of phytoplankton seasonal cycle in the Tahitian wake have been investigated. This disturbance results from the concomitant occurrence of strong precipitations and a zone of weak currents leeward Tahiti. We conjecture that the land drainage induces a significant supply of nitrate in the ocean upper layer (down to ~ 100 m) while a zone of weak currents in the southwestern zone behind Tahiti forms an accumulation zone, hence allowing phytoplankton growth up to 20 km away from the coastlines. Moreover, bio-optical measurements suggest that the composition of phytoplankton community could differ in the Tahitian wake vs. the open ocean area. Finally, in addition to extending information to the water column, only BGC-Argo floats could provide biogeochemical measurements in the SPSG region when clouds prevent the use of remote sensing.
Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Wisshak Max , Neumann Christian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The rosette-shaped microboring trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. – a large representative of the ichnofamily Dendrinidae – is identified on the inner side of the giant clam Tridacna maxima from Pleistocene to Holocene coral reef deposits of the El Quseir district at the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The new dendritic bioerosion trace fossil is diagnosed as a radial rosette comprised of a prostrate system of roofless canals that ramify in a strictly dichotomous fashion forming intermittent branches of uniform width and rounded terminations. The trace appears to be rare, although in the type material it occurs in a cluster of more than a hundred specimens. The location of traces on the interior surface of the shell suggests that boring occurred post-mortem to the host. Its record is presently restricted to shallow marine, euphotic, tropical coral reef settings in the Western Indo-Pacific (Red Sea and Madagascar). The biological identity of the trace maker cannot be resolved yet, but several lines of reasoning allow speculations directed towards a complex attachment scar, perhaps produced by a benthic foraminiferan or a macrophyte.
Manejo Sostenible del Recurso Suelo en el Municipio El Rosario-Carazo. Una Propuesta de Política
Authors: Ayerdis Amaya Wendy Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

Este artículo contiene un análisis sobre el uso del recurso suelo que se realiza en una de las municipalidades del departamento de Carazo, y sobre esa base, se trata de plantear una propuesta para mejorar el uso de ese recurso, como medio para enfrentar los procesos de cambio climático y contribuir a la preservación del recurso ambiental, de forma tal, que el manejo eficiente del recurso suelo, permita en primer instancia, incidir en la preservación de los ecosistemas, los hábitats, así como en las especies y procesos ecológicos esenciales y preservarlos en el estado más natural posible. Además el manejo adecuado del suelo, permitiría no solo la preservación, sino también la conservación u restauración de los hábitats intervenidos y en tercer lugar incidiría en una mejor producción bienes y servicios.
Visibilidade social de indivíduos transgênero e sistemas de organização do conhecimento
Authors: Quintslr Marcia Maria Melo , Lopes Bianca Da Costa Maia , Galvão Fernanda Do Valle , Silva Michelle Louise Guimarães da
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Esta pesquisa aborda o domínio gênero na Organização do Conhecimento segundo um viés analítico sociopolítico, no intuito de investigar os usos sociais da linguagem nesse domínio, particularmente, no âmbito da população transgênero brasileira. Objetivos: Objetiva-se verificar a existência, ou sua viabilidade, de uma linguagem capaz de expressar a realidade específica dessa população, efetivamente. Metodologia: Parte-se de revisão bibliográfica especializada do domínio de estudos de gênero e da Organização do Conhecimento, combinada a referenciais teóricos da sociologia. Em seguida, duas frentes de análise documental são empreendidas: a primeira, no horizonte das linguagens e classificações recorrentes nas áreas de saúde e estatísticas públicas, dominadas pelo padrão sexual binário. A segunda, a partir do caso específico do Colégio Pedro II ao afirmar o reconhecimento da diversidade de gênero, averiguando-se as repercussões dessa ação em uma rede social. Resultados e conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a ausência de um lugar de fala reconhecido pelos grupos mencionados, restando à Organização do Conhecimento o desafio de compreender os limites classificatórios e, simultaneamente, aportar uma produção contínua e emancipatória de significados ao domínio gênero.
A produção científica sobre representação de dados dentro da área temática da agricultura
Authors: Camperos Reyes Jacquelin Teresa , Sant’Ana Ricardo César Gonçalves , Ramalho Rogério Aparecido Sá
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Este trabalho inquire sobre a relação existente entre a potencialidade agrícola da América Latina e a produção científica a partir de publicações da Ciência da Informação, a respeito da representação de dados na temática da agricultura. Estudos na área da representação de dados dentro de um setor da economia de relevância manifesta, como o da agricultura, revestem-se de importância por estabelecer pontes entre a ciência e o desenvolvimento de uma região ou mesmo um país. Objetivo: Analisar publicações do período de 2006 a 2016 sobre representação de dados, dentro do domínio da agricultura, a partir das instituições que os originaram, e a tendência dos conceitos neles abordados, com foco nos mecanismos XML e RDF. Metodologia: Desenvolveu-se pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, identificando a dinâmica dos mecanismos XML e RDF, em periódicos da área da Ciência da Informação, na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI), na base de dados Qualis da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior, e nos anais de eventos destacados na área da Ciência da Informação. Resultados: No universo dos trabalhos pesquisados foram identificadas 22 instituições, 13 localizadas na Europa e 1 na América Latina. Os conceitos delimitados nos trabalhos estudados decorrem no uso da XML e o RDF nesses dois tópicos: Interoperabilidade Semântica e Indexação automática. Conclusões: Os indícios levaram a percepção de uma situação contraditória pela relação inversa entre a potencialidade agrícola da região latino-americana e a produção científica no campo da representação de dados, neste caso, com estudos dos mecanismos XML e RDF. Espera-se coadjuvar na discussão em torno das contribuições científicas que a Ciência da Informação fornece, tendo como foco a representação de dados na temática da agricultura, com a intenção de consolidar a natureza social da Ciência da Informação e suas contribuições práticas.
Encontrabilidade da Informação no ambiente Technology, Entertainment and Design
Authors: Silva Nathália Britto Pinheiro da , Vechiato Fernando Luiz , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio
Published: January 2018

Introdução: A disseminação e o compartilhamento da informação e conhecimento são o principal objetivo dos ambientes informacionais digitais, como a organização Technology, Entertainment and Design (TED), que tem o propósito de divulgar as palestras que são gravadas, as quais abordam diversos assuntos em formato de vídeo digital.  Considerando a relevância desse ambiente, torna-se importante refletir a respeito da Encontrabilidade da Informação disponível, com a intenção de compreender se a sua Arquitetura da Informação contempla atributos que facilitam a localização, o acesso, o uso e a apropriação da informação pelos usuários. Objetivo: Assim, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a Encontrabilidade da Informação no ambiente informacional digital TED a partir dos seus atributos e analisar os resultados à luz das dimensões da Arquitetura da Informação, os quais são o conteúdo, o contexto e o usuário. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e com a utilização de observação participante. Resultados: Os resultados revelam que os atributos de Encontrabilidade da Informação presentes no TED indicam consonância com a missão organizacional e proporcionam a interação do sujeito informacional com a interface. Conclusões: A ausência de alguns atributos pode comprometer a apropriação da informação pelos sujeitos informacionais.
Inovação e empreendedorismo como caminhos para novos modelos de ensino/aprendizagem
Authors: Costa Helen Kelle dos Santos , Lima Leandro Cordeiro Pereira de , Carvalho Marla Miranda Loiola Dore , Cardoso Hugo Saba Pereira , Jorge Eduardo Manuel de Freitas
Published: January 2018

RESUMOIntrodução: Este estudo traz a Inovação e o Empreendedorismo como caminhos para novos modelos de ensino/aprendizagem. São demonstradas aqui considerações a respeito do empreendedorismo na educação empresarial e seu suporte para a inovação.Objetivo: Descrever os modelos de educação e destacar a importância da inovação e da pesquisa, fomentando a construção do conhecimento necessária neste processo.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre conceitos e modelos teóricos sobre a gestão empreendedora através de uma leitura analítica, frente a identificação das características para a realização efetiva do empreendedorismo na educação de forma inovadora.Resultados: Os modelos de educação estão em processo constante de evolução, a adoção de boas práticas e novos recursos que possam auxiliar no ensino-aprendizagem como agente motivador do empreendedorismo na educação através da inovação é uma realidade a ser revista pela sociedade como um todo.Conclusões: Países desenvolvidos dão grande importância às formas inovadoras de ensino, e conhecimento. Espera-se que este estudo seja importante ferramenta para mudanças comportamentais e/ou econômicas. Trazendo a conscientização para a otimização do fluxo de competências dentro de um grupo, com o objetivo de tornar bem-sucedidos os resultados para todas as partes envolvidas que compartilharem esse conhecimento.