bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unfolding alignment – How top management work to align demand and capacity: an ethnographic study of resilience in a Swedish healthcare region
Authors: Svensson Ingrid , von Knorring Mia , Hagerman Heidi , Fagerström Cecilia , Ekstedt Mirjam , Smeds Alenius Lisa
Published: March 2023

Background

Resilient healthcare organizations maintain critical functions and high-quality care under varying conditions. While previous research has focused on the activities of frontline healthcare professionals working at the “sharp end” of care, less attention has been paid to managers at the top management level. More knowledge is needed to fully understand how the managers align demand and capacity at the “blunt end” of care. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how top managers work to align demand and capacity in a healthcare region in Sweden.

Methods

Observations of management team meetings, interviews, and conversations were conducted with top managers responsible for healthcare in one of Sweden’s 21 regions. Data collection used an ethnographic approach. Data were analyzed using qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The data showed how alignment work was done through active reflection that built on past experiences and on structures built into the organization at the same time as taking future potential outcomes and consequences into account. In addition to collaborative, preventive, supportive, and contextualizing work, which was conducted in the present, a general approach permeated the organization, which enabled connecting actions, i.e., different forms of alignment work, occurring at different points in time, and connecting different types of knowledge across organizational borders and stakeholders.

Conclusion

This study explored how top managers work to align demand and capacity in a healthcare region in Sweden. It was shown how four categories of work; collaborative, preventive, supportive and contextualization work, together with a general approach; focusing on opportunities, building on a stable past and taking a reflective stance, constitute alignment in practice. More; the alignment work was done in the here and now, with both the past and future in mind. The ability to take action to benefit the whole is a possibility and a responsibility for top management. In the region studied, this was done by aligning demands with capacity based on past experiences and focusing on the available opportunities to connect knowledge needed within and across organizational borders.
Critical care pharmacy workforce: a 2020 re-evaluation of the UK deployment and characteristics
Authors: Borthwick Mark , Barton Greg , Ioannides Christopher P. , Forrest Ruth , Graham-Clarke Emma , Hanks Fraser , James Christie , Kean David , Sapsford David , Timmins Alan , Tomlin Mark , Warburton John , Bourne Richard S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Critical care pharmacists improve the quality and efficiency of medication therapy whilst reducing treatment costs where they are available. UK critical care pharmacist deployment was described in 2015, highlighting a deficit in numbers, experience level, and critical care access to pharmacy services over the 7-day week. Since then, national workforce standards have been emphasised, quality indicators published, and service commissioning documents produced, reinforced by care quality assessments. Whether these initiatives have resulted in further development of the UK critical care pharmacy workforce is unknown. This evaluation provides a 2020 status update.

Methods

The 2015 electronic data entry tool was updated and circulated for completion by UK critical care pharmacists. The tool captured workforce data disposition as it was just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, at critical care unit level.

Main findings

Data were received for 334 critical care units from 203 organisations (96% of UK critical care units). Overall, 98.2% of UK critical care units had specific clinical pharmacist time dedicated to the unit. The median weekday pharmacist input to each level 3 equivalent bed was 0.066 (0.043–0.088) whole time equivalents, a significant increase from the median position in 2015 (+ 0.021, p < 0.0001). Despite this progress, pharmacist availability remains below national minimum standards (0.1/level 3 equivalent bed). Most units (71.9%) had access to prescribing pharmacists. Geographical variation in pharmacist staffing levels were evident, and weekend services remain extremely limited.

Conclusions

Availability of clinical pharmacists in UK adult critical care units is improving. However, national standards are not routinely met despite widely publicised quality indicators, commissioning specifications, and assessments. Additional measures are needed to address persistent deficits and realise gains in organisational and patient-level outcomes. These measures must include promotion of cross-professional collaborative working, adjusted funding models, and a nationally recognised training pathway for critical care pharmacists.
Machine Learning Models Using Routinely Collected Clinical Data Offer Robust and Interpretable Predictions of 90-Day Unplanned Acute Care Use for Cancer Immunotherapy Patients
Authors: Lu Sheng-Chieh , Knafl Mark , Turin Anastasia , Offodile Anaeze C. , Ravi Vinod , Sidey-Gibbons Chris
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE

Clinical management of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could be informed using accurate predictive tools to identify patients at risk of short-term acute care utilization (ACU). We used routinely collected data to develop and assess machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict unplanned ACU within 90 days of ICI treatment initiation.

METHODS

We used aggregated electronic health record data from 7,960 patients receiving ICI treatments to train and assess eight ML algorithms. We developed the models using pre–SARS-COV-19 COVID-19 data generated between January 2016 and February 2020. We validated our algorithms using data collected between March 2020 and June 2022 (peri–COVID-19 sample). We assessed performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and calibration plots. We derived intuitive explanations of predictions using variable importance and Shapley additive explanation analyses. We assessed the marginal performance of ML models compared with that of univariate and multivariate logistic regression (LR) models.

RESULTS

Most algorithms significantly outperformed the univariate and multivariate LR models. The extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBT) algorithm demonstrated the best overall performance (AUROC, 0.70; sensitivity, 0.53; specificity, 0.74) on the peri–COVID-19 sample. The algorithm performance was stable across both pre– and peri–COVID-19 samples, as well as ICI regimen and cancer groups. Type of ICI agents, oxygen saturation, diastolic blood pressure, albumin level, platelet count, immature granulocytes, absolute monocyte, chloride level, red cell distribution width, and alcohol intake were the top 10 key predictors used by the XGBT algorithm.

CONCLUSION

Machine learning algorithms trained using routinely collected data outperformed traditional statistical models when predicting 90-day ACU. The XGBT algorithm has the potential to identify high–ACU risk patients and enable preventive interventions to avoid ACU.
Accelerated abdominal lipid depletion from pesticide treatment alters honey bee pollen foraging strategy, but not onset, in worker honey bees
Authors: Elizabeth Deeter Megan , Snyder Lucy A. , Meador Charlotte , Corby-Harris Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Honey bee abdominal lipids decline with age, a change thought to be associated with the onset of foraging behavior. Stressors, such as pesticides, may accelerate this decline by mobilizing internal lipid to facilitate the stress response. Whether bees with stressor-induced accelerated lipid loss vary from controls in both the onset of foraging and nutritional quality of collected pollen is not fully understood. We asked whether stressors affect foraging behavior through the depletion of abdominal lipid, and whether stress-induced lipid depletion causes bees to forage earlier and for fattier pollen. We tested this by treating newly emerged bees with one of two pesticides, pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analog) and spirodiclofen (a fatty acid synthesis disruptor), that may affect energy homeostasis in non-target insects. Bees fed these pesticides were returned to hives to observe the onset of foraging behavior. We also sampled foraging bees to assay both abdominal lipids and dietary lipid content of their corbicular pollen. Initially, spirodiclofen-treated bees had significantly more abdominal lipids, but these declined faster compared with controls. These bees also collected less, yet more lipid-rich, pollen. Our results suggest that bees with accelerated lipid decline rely on dietary lipid content and must collect fattier pollen to compensate. Pyriproxyfen treatment reduced the age at first forage but did not affect abdominal or collected pollen lipid levels, suggesting that accelerated fat body depletion is not a prerequisite for precocious foraging.
Οι ηθικές διαστάσεις της συσσώρευσης των εμβρύων στις τράπεζες κρυοσυντήρησης και οι πιθανές λύσεις
Authors: Ανυφαντής Γεώργιος-Σπυρίδων
Published: March 2023

Η περίληψη δεν είναι διαθέσιμη για τα άρθρα σύνταξης.
Ηθικά διλήμματα από την εφαρμογή της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης σε κλινικές μελέτες
Authors: Σαργιώτης Γεώργιος-Χρυσοβαλάντης
Published: March 2023

Η εφαρμογή της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης στις Κλινικές Μελέτες εγείρει πολλά ηθικά διλήμματα σχετικά με τη διασφάλιση των δεδομένων των υποκειμένων, τη διαφάνεια των διαδικασιών, την επίδραση που θα έχει στη σχέση του ασθενούς με τον ιατρό και στη λήψη αποφάσεων υγείας. Για να διερευνηθούν τα διλήμματα αυτά, πραγματοποιήθηκε βιβλιογραφική αναζήτηση και συλλέχθηκαν δεδομένα από κλινικές μελέτες, στις οποίες εφαρμόστηκε κάποιο αλγοριθμικό μοντέλο. Παρατηρήθηκε πως οι εφαρμογές της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης στη παρακολούθηση της υγείας των ασθενών, στην ανακάλυψη νέων θεραπευτικών προσεγγίσεων, στη διαγνωστική και στη φροντίδα χρόνιων νοσημάτων δημιουργούν θετικά ή μη κατώτερα αποτελέσματα από τις κλασσικές μεθόδους. Ωστόσο ανακύπτουν διάφορα, σημαντικά βιοηθικά ζητήματα όπως η ύπαρξη μεροληπτικών στοιχείων στα μοντέλα, η μη προστασία των ευαίσθητων δεδομένων των υποκειμένων, η αδυναμία απόδοσης ευθυνών σε περίπτωση σφαλμάτων και η ανάδειξη της νομοθετικής ανεπάρκειας σε θέματα συναίνεσης των υποκειμένων. Το μέλλον της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης στην Υγεία είναι μακρύ και κρίνεται αναγκαία η περαιτέρω διερεύνηση των ηθικών διλημμάτων στην έρευνα, με σκοπό την οριοθέτηση των υποχρεώσεων, ευθυνών και δικαιωμάτων τόσο των υποκειμένων όσο και των υπολοίπων εταίρων που συμμετέχουν στις κλινικές μελέτες όπου εφαρμόζεται Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη.
Sequential Adversarial Anomaly Detection for One-Class Event Data
Authors: Zhu Shixiang , Yuchi Henry Shaowu , Zhang Minghe , Xie Yao
Published: March 2023

We consider the sequential anomaly detection problem in the one-class setting when only the anomalous sequences are available and propose an adversarial sequential detector by solving a minimax problem to find an optimal detector against the worst-case sequences from a generator. The generator captures the dependence in sequential events using the marked point process model. The detector sequentially evaluates the likelihood of a test sequence and compares it with a time-varying threshold, also learned from data through the minimax problem. We demonstrate our proposed method’s good performance using numerical experiments on simulations and proprietary large-scale credit card fraud data sets. The proposed method can generally apply to detecting anomalous sequences.

History: W. Nick Street served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CAREER CCF-1650913, DMS-1938106, and DMS-1830210] and grant support from Macy’s Technology.

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.2329910.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0026 ).
Development on Animal Models for Drug/Chemical Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Bhatia Deepika , Yogeeta Yogeeta , Goyal Pradeep , Kabra Atul
Published: March 2023

In the human body, the largest gland is the liver and does a lot of essential work of the body. Liver damage is the cause of mortality and increasing day by day. Liver disease is caused by multiple factors, such as an autoimmune condition, toxic chemical exposure, viral infection, and dietary factors. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a critical issue in drug development because DILI causes failures in clinical trials and the withdrawal of approved drugs from the market and leading to pathological changes result, including increase in SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin as well as the free radical generation. In this review, contains the animal model of hepatotoxicity with a different cause, their action mech., and procedure with dose. These models include the toxicity caused by chemical, drug, radiation, metal, diet, and high-fat this will lead to pathological changes resulting in hepatotoxicity.
OSTHERSIT- Dataset for Osteoarthritis Analysis using Thermal Images
Authors: Afroze A Sabah , Tamilselvi R , Beham M Parisa
Published: March 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease categorized under arthritis and has impact on bone and cartilage dilapidation. Still now, OA is visualized only with X-ray and MRI scanning process. When a person exposed to X-rays will develop cancer later and it also causes tissue effects like cataracts, skin reddening and hair loss.To overcome this issue,a thermal camera(FLIR420bx) is used to capture the Knee OA from the subjects.The thermal imaging system is a non-contact,non-invasive passive imaging system that is the heat emmitted, or given off, by the human body.The medical evaluation of thermal images is validated and ground truth is received from skilled physicians which is time consuming and prone to error. Considering this fact, recently more image based diagnosis system is evolving for the early detection of OA. The success of this diagnosis system mostly relies on large number of OA/Non OA images to be trained. The novel dataset, titled as ‘Osthersit’, is a small seed thrown to afford OA thermal images of knee bones. It also consist OA affected images in thermograph modality. To have wider opening in many OA related ambiguity problems ,Osthersit dataset is made available to the researchers who work in the medical databases and can be retrieve from this web address: http://www.sethu.ac.in/osthersit/.
Analysis Factors that Affect Low Back Pain in Medical Students during the Study from Home
Authors: Mahendra I Gede Bramantya Surya , Purnaning Dyah , Rosyidi Rohadi Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a health problem that affects performance in working. Indonesia is a country affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, so a study from the home policy has been issued. This study aimed to determine the association between the factors that affect LBP in Medical Students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram during the study from home. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study design with the cross-sectional approach. The population of this study is Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram with total sample of 185 people. Collecting data using questionnaires and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: According to univariate analysis, amount of LBP complaints (53 people). Based on bivariate analysis, the p-value of gender factor (0.000); body mass index factor (0.840); social-economy status factor (0.499); sitting position factors (sitting position while studying factor (0.008), sitting location while studying factor (0.046), chair shape while studying factor (0.286), body position while studying factor (0.037), legs position while studying factor (0.339), back support use while studying factor (0.455), table use while studying factor (0.010), elbows position while studying factor (0.627), stretching between study time factor (0.372), duration in each stretch factor (0.389), time range between stretch factor (0.311)), and sitting duration factor (0.011). Based on multivariate analysis, the strength of the association (OR) to LBP are sitting position factor (sitting position while studying factor) (8.232), sitting duration factor (1.956), and gender factor (0.187). Conclusion: The dominant factors to LBP are gender factor, sitting position factor (sitting position while studying factor), and sitting duration factor. The factor that has the strongest association with LBP is sitting position factor (sitting position while studying factor).
Temporal and spatial displacement
Authors: Bru-Domínguez Eva
Published: March 2023

Dissatisfied with the arts landscape of 1990s Catalonia, Eulàlia Valldosera moved to the Netherlands in pursuit of new forms of expression. Setting up a home in a foreign space made her aware of how dwelling places are saturated with traces of their former inhabitants. During that decade, she produced a series of photographs and installations that engaged with the domestic space. This article explores the artist’s use of time, movement, and the everyday object in a selection of her 1990s oeuvre and suggests that place and time in her work hark back to a subject that is either absent or displaced.Keywords: Eulàlia Valldosera, dislocation, domestic space, object, installation art.
Integrative or segregative refugee hosting spaces, a matter of human rights
Authors: Fernández Cortés Marta , Pedrós Barnils Núria
Published: March 2023

In the recent past, the number of people fleeing their countries due to armed conflicts has increased exponentially. When large arrivals occur, hosting countries are often not prepared and opt for potentially improvable solutions. The present monographic aims to expose the violation of human rights that takes place when adopting a segregative approach through two case studies: Azraq, a UN-led refugee camp in Jordan, and a self-settled informal settlement in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon.Key words: refugees, human rights, camps, inclusion, cities.
The elusive crustal resistive boundary beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton, India
Authors: Akkapolu Pratap , Bukke Pradeep Naick , K Kusham , Paluri Rama Rao , Kasturi Naganjaneyulu
Published: March 2023

The electrical properties of the boundary beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton are imaged by using the magnetotelluric method. The magnetotelluric study was carried out along a 150km long WNW-ESE profile from Belgaum (in the Deccan Volcanic Province) to Haveri (in the western Dharwar craton).Data from 19 magnetotelluric stations spaced 10-15km apart were used. The dominant regional geo-electric strike direction obtained is N20ºE. Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion is done by using the non-linear conjugate gradient scheme for both apparent resistivity and phase. The 2-D resistivity model shows a high electrical resistivity character (>10,000ohm-m) in the western Dharwar craton. Two conductive anomalies are mapped in the crustal region. In the WNW side of the profile, a conductive feature (~200ohm-m) is imaged in the mid-lower crust and, in the central part of the profile another conductive feature is mapped in the lower crust. The conductive features robustness is tested using linear and non-linear sensitivity analyses. The conductor mapped in the WNW part of the profile is considered as a deep seated fault representing a boundary or a rift related feature beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton. A zone of enhanced conductivity (<50ohm-m) at an approximate depth of 10-30km may represent the presence of the rift in the region. This conducting feature on the Western side of the E-W trending Kaladgi Basin can be interpreted as the extension of the Kaladgi Basin further west. A well-correlated geological cross-section is also derived to interpret the resistive features mapped in this study. The electrical resistivity nature of the crust is compared with other regions of the world.
Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo en la investigación de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Peng Shuo
Published: March 2023

En el presente trabajo analizamos las ventajas y las deficiencias del uso de los métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo en estudios enfocados en lenguas extranjeras. A modo de ejemplo, observamos dos casos cuyos estudios están basados respectivamente en ambos métodos: en el primer caso se utiliza el programa SPSS (https://www.ibm.com/spss) como herramienta de análisis y en el segundo se emplea el programa Atlas.ti (https://atlasti.com/). En cada uno de estos casos se reflexiona sobre su aplicación en la investigación, analizando, por ejemplo, si la explicación es correcta con el método seguido y las herramientas adoptadas o si se han omitido algunos factores en la recogida y análisis de datos. Con el desarrollo de la tecnología digital e informática en las últimas décadas, han aparecido abundantes programas y plataformas en línea, lo cual hace factible de forma eficaz la recogida de datos a distancia y su procesamiento automático. Por consiguiente, en este trabajo también se aborda la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en la recogida y análisis de datos. Asimismo, para corregir, en la medida de lo posible, las deficiencias reveladas en estudios basados en métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo, se expone la posible solución, basada en el diseño de un método mixto de los dos modelos. La última parte del trabajo es una breve presentación de un procedimiento que utiliza esta estrategia mixta: la Metodología-Q. Nos proponemos, mediante su exposición y análisis, arrojar luz sobre futuros estudios en el terreno de la lengua extranjera.
ATLAS.ti para investigar a partir del texto multimodal
Authors: Sánchez Vizcaíno María Carmen
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se analiza el potencial del programa de análisis de datos cualitativos ATLAS.ti (https://atlasti.com/) para investigar en segundas lenguas a partir de textos multimodales. En primer lugar, se describe la herramienta, su accesibilidad, sus funcionalidades principales y las posibilidades que brinda para la investigación. A continuación, a partir de los resultados de una tesis doctoral en la que se empleó ATLAS.ti para analizar el contenido de vídeos musicales, se describe el procedimiento de trabajo: el registro de los datos primarios, su codificación, la visualización y la interpretación. En el apartado final se ilustra cómo ATLAS.ti facilitó el proceso para alcanzar los objetivos planteados en la tesis. En definitiva, se muestra que esta herramienta posibilitó codificar, visualizar e interpretar los datos obtenidos, es decir, efectuar un análisis sistemático a partir de grandes cantidades de datos. Con todo ello, se vislumbra ATLAS.ti como un instrumento apropiado para nuevas prácticas investigadoras en el ámbito de las segundas lenguas con documentos multimodales.
Palabras clave: investigación lingüística; análisis cualitativo; interculturalidad; segundas lenguas; multimodalidad
Local-enhanced transformer for single-pixel imaging
Authors: Tian Ye , Fu Ying , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2023

Deep learning networks have been applied to under-sampled single-pixel imaging (SPI) for better reconstruction performance. However, the existing deep-learning-based SPI methods with convolutional filters have difficulty in modeling long-range dependencies of SPI measurements and thus show limited reconstruction quality. Recently, the transformer has demonstrated great potential in capturing long-range dependencies, but it lacks locality mechanism and thus could be sub-optimal when directly used for under-sampled SPI. In this Letter, we propose a high-quality under-sampled SPI method based on a novel, to the best of our knowledge, local-enhanced transformer. The proposed local-enhanced transformer is not only good at capturing global dependencies of SPI measurements, but also has the capability to model local dependencies. Additionally, the proposed method employs optimal binary patterns, which makes the sampling high-efficiency and hardware-friendly. Experiments on simulated data and real measured data demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art SPI methods.
The Effect of Acceleration on Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Discrete Modulation
Authors: Wu Leixin , Feng Yanyan , Zhou Jian , Shi Jinjing , Shi Ronghua
Published: March 2023

The influence of gravity on quantum key distribution cannot be ignored in practical space communication, and this paper provides a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of discrete modulated states. By calculating the acceleration in both inertial and non-inertial reference systems with expectation values of the computational Heisenberg field respectively, the gain coefficient is obtained. Based on this parameter, an improved protocol with a high key rate over a transmission distance of 390 km is proposed, enabling the practical application of quantum key distribution techniques. Furthermore, the results obtained can be extended to the eight-state schemes. This paper not only extends the range of discrete modulation states, but also enhances the impact of relativistic quantum information.
Prognosis prediction of uterine cervical cancer using changes in the histogram and texture features of apparent diffusion coefficient during definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Takada Akiyo , Yokota Hajime , Nemoto Miho Watanabe , Horikoshi Takuro , Matsumoto Koji , Habu Yuji , Usui Hirokazu , Nasu Katsuhiro , Shozu Makio , Uno Takashi
Published: March 2023

Objectives

We investigated prospectively whether, in cervical cancer (CC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), the Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram and texture parameters and their change rates during treatment could predict prognosis.

Methods

Fifty-seven CC patients treated with CCRT at our institution were included. They underwent MRI scans up to four times during the treatment course (1st, before treatment [n = 41], 2nd, at the start of image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) [n = 41], 3rd, in the middle of IGBT [n = 27], 4th, after treatment [n = 53]). The entire tumor was manually set as the volume of interest (VOI) manually in the axial images of the ADC map by two radiologists. A total of 107 image features (morphology features 14, histogram features 18, texture features 75) were extracted from the VOI. The recurrence prediction values of the features and their change rates were evaluated by Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The presence or absence of local and distant recurrence within two years was set as an outcome. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated.

Results

The change rates in kurtosis between the 1st and 3rd, and 1st and 2nd MRIs, and the change rate in grey level co-occurrence matrix_cluster shade between the 2nd and 3rd MRIs showed particularly high predictive powers (area under the ROC curve = 0.785, 0.759, and 0.750, respectively), which exceeded the predictive abilities of the parameters obtained from pre- or post-treatment MRI only. The change rate in kurtosis between the 1st and 2nd MRIs had good reliability (ICC = 0.765).

Conclusions

The change rate in ADC kurtosis between the 1st and 2nd MRIs was the most reliable parameter, enabling us to predict prognosis early in the treatment course.
Effect of ’Kuat’ a theory- and web-based health education intervention on mental health literacy among university students: A study protocol
Authors: Zulkiply Siti Hafizah , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Dahlan Rahima , Dapari Rahmat
Published: March 2023

Background

Mental health problems, particularly depression and anxiety disorders are the leading causes of disease burden. Despite the effectiveness of mental healthcare services and the impairing effects of untreated mental health problems, the rate of help-seeking is low among young people. In addition, the mental health burden gap is high in low- and middle-income countries. Good mental health literacy has been associated with better help-seeking.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the effect of theory- and web-based health education intervention on mental health literacy among foundation students at a public university in Malaysia.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial study will be conducted among foundation students. Participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention will be conducted for two weeks with a one-month follow-up. The health education intervention will be developed according to the Information, Motivation, and Behavioural Skill Theory, and will be delivered via a website. The outcome will be measured using validated, self-administered questionnaires. at baseline, post-intervention, and one-month follow up. The data will be analysed using Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE). This study is registered to the Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR) (reference number: TCTR20210705006), dated 4th July 2021.

Conclusions

The results from this study will be useful for relevant authorities to take further efforts in mental health promotion among young people.
The histological analysis of the coronary medial thickness: Implications for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Konishi Takao , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Sato Yu , Kawakami Rika , Kawai Kenji , Vozenilek Aimee E. , Xu Weili , Bellissard Arielle , Giasolli Robert , Chahal Diljon , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V.
Published: March 2023

Background

A deeper understanding of coronary medial thickness is important for coronary intervention because media thickness can limit the safety and effectiveness of interventional techniques. However, there is a paucity of detailed data on human coronary medial thickness so far.

Materials and methods

We investigated the thickness of the media by histologic analysis. A total of 230 sections from 10 individuals from the CVPath autopsy registry who died from non-coronary deaths were evaluated. We performed pathological analysis on 13 segments of the following primary vessels from coronary arteries: the left main trunk, proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD), mid LAD, distal LAD, proximal left circumflex artery (LCX), mid LCX, distal LCX, proximal right coronary artery (RCA), mid RCA, and the distal RCA. The following side branches were also evaluated: diagonal, obtuse margin, and posterior descending artery branches.

Results

The average age of the studied individuals was 60.4±12.3 years. The median medial thickness for all sections was 0.202 (0.149–0.263) mm. The median medial thickness of the main branches was significantly higher compared to that of the side branches (p<0.001). Although the medial thicknesses of the main branch of LAD and LCX were significantly decreased from proximal to distal segments (p = 0.010, p = 0.006, respectively), the medial thickness of the main branch of RCA was not significantly decreased from proximal to distal (p = 0.170). The thickness of the media was positively correlated with vessel diameter, while it was negatively correlated with luminal narrowing (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

The human coronary arteries demonstrate variation in medial thickness which tends to vary depending upon an epicardial coronary artery itself, as well as its segments and branches. Understanding these variations in medial thickness can be useful for both the interventionalists and interventional product development teams.
Shipwreck Tourism in João Pessoa: An opportunity based on the history of the Steamship Alice.
Authors: Nascimento André Luiz Souza , Silva Daiko Lima e
Published: March 2023

In tourism research, items such as beaches, gastronomy, infrastructure, and receptivity are evaluated and, in this context, shipwreck tourism is little explored or known about by tourists and the local population. Yet this form of tourism can provide an opportunity. This study aims to evaluate the opportunity of shipwreck tourism aroundthe wreck of the steamship Alice and specifically, to analyze the historical process of formation and appropriation of this wreck as a tourism attraction. This is a quantitative and qualitative study, with an exploratory and descriptive approach. It is organized into two parts, one theoretical and the other reporting the results of field research. The result consists of historical data on the sinking of the steamship Alice, and data obtained in the field research with tourists. It was seen the city of João Pessoa (PB) has important potential for the development of shipwreck tourism, due to its large number of shipwrecks, with the locations of approximately fifty-sixwrecks currently mapped, and also due to the interest of tourists in this form of tourism. It was verified that Shipwreck Tourism provides an opportunity for knowledge, innovation, and economic benefits.
CURRENT ISSUES OF THE INSTITUTE OF CROSS-BORDER BANKRUPTCY
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Litskas M.V.
Published: March 2023

In modern conditions, the legal regulation of issues of cross-border insolvency of subjects of internationalprivate law is of particular importance due to the complication of the economic and foreign policy situationaround the world. In such conditions, urgent problems of protecting the rights and legitimate interestsof creditors acquire particular importance. The article deals with topical issues of the institution of crossborder bankruptcy and the tasks of improving insolvency procedures complicated by a foreign element.The authors identified the following most important and interesting problematic issues: 1) the problemof «bankrupt tourism» (and closely related issues of mutual recognition of court decisions and proceduralestoppel); 2) the problem of bringing the persons controlling the debtor to subsidiary liability; and 3) theproblematic aspects of conflict regulation of challenging and invalidating the debtor's transactions. Theauthors pay special attention to the complexity and ambiguous approaches to the choice of applicablelaw and appropriate bindings in such situations. As a result of studying Russian and foreign experience inapplying the norms of private international law in judicial practice in cases arising in the field of cross-borderbankruptcy, the authors came to the conclusion that the domestic legal framework for the legal regulation ofrelations in the field of cross-border bankruptcy needs further changes, primarily on the level of perceptionof universal or regional agreements, such as EU Regulation 20.05.2015 N 2015/848 (Recast), within whichmany contentious issues that arise when choosing the applicable law in matters of cross-border insolvency(bankruptcy) are settled. The Russian legislator should also pay close attention to the problems of crossborder insolvency in the current sanctions conditions, provide for mechanisms for the priority protection ofthe rights of domestic participants in economic turnover, while not excluding the positive foreign experienceof legal regulation in this area.
IReNE: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPACTED INFRASTRUCTURE CASE STUDY REPOSITORY FOR EDUCATION ON RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
Authors: Cavallin Humberto , Lopez del Puerto Carla
Published: March 2023

Maintaining information that documents damages that natural disasters cause to infrastructure and documenting the efforts to rebuild it, is essential for future infrastructure mitigation and reconstruction actions. To address this, we have developed the Interdisciplinary Research Network Extension (IReNE) aimed to keep record and centralize data relevant to cases in Puerto Rico. IReNE has been conceptualized following the case study methodology and it has been designed to fit and scaffold the Resilient Infrastructure and Sustainability Education – Undergraduate Program (RISE-UP), following the four stages defined by the Depth of Knowledge (DOK) model and a Project Based Learning approach. This paper presents the development of IReNE and presents case study examples of its current use for supporting the RISE-UP teaching model. IReNE was designed as an open-source platform that will be timely available to researchers, academics, and practitioners. We also expect their conceptual and applied developments to be replicated in other academic contexts, and therefore contributing on documenting, systematizing, and disseminating the impact of natural events on infrastructure.
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT PUBLICATIONS OUTPUT OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Oguntona Olusegun Aanuoluwapo , Dywili Siyabulela , Aigbavboa Clinton O
Published: March 2023

Globally, research publications output has become one of the yardsticks for ranking research institutions, universities, faculties, and departments. Notable bodies such as the Times Higher Education (THE), Centre for World University Rankings (CWUR), Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) and the Cybermetrics Lab collates and publishes world university rankings yearly. The rankings are a result of rigorous evaluation of university performance based on predefined criteria such as research outputs, student enrollment, and graduate employability amongst others. As a result, these rankings have been adopted by relevant government agencies and authorities as one of the ways of evaluating the performance of universities in their domain. As one of the fields of study generating the highest rate of employment opportunities around the world, this study is aimed at analyzing and visualizing research publications within the Engineering and the Built Environment faculties of South African universities. A quantitative method was utilized to analyze the bibliometric datasets extracted from Scopus. The datasets are research publications output from 2010 â 2020. The results revealed the trend, citations, document sources, most-cited, and co-occurring keywords of research publications. It is recommended that relevant stakeholders responsible for the management of the higher education sector implement policies that will improve the performance of universities in the country.
Wynagrodzenie opiekuna
Authors: Sylwestrzak Anna
Published: March 2023

Przedmiotem publikacji jest próba skonstruowania optymalnego modelu wynagradzania opiekuna za sprawowanie opieki w prawie polskim. W tym celu poddano szczegółowej analizie dogmatycznej treść art. 162 Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego, w wyniku której wskazano najkorzystniejszy pod względem skutków społecznych kierunek jego wykładni. Wykazano, że de lege lata należy przyjąć dopuszczalność przyznania wynagrodzenia w postaci niepieniężnej, a także dopuszczalność wskazania przez sąd różnych źródeł finansowania wynagrodzenia opiekuna w określonych częściach. De lege ferenda zaproponowano nowelizację tego przepisu zwiększającą jego elastyczność przez stworzenie możliwości przyznawania opiekunowi wynagrodzenia jednorazowego podczas trwania stosunku opieki, w tym kilku takich wynagrodzeń za poszczególne odcinki czasu. Zaproponowano również wprowadzenie innych niż dotychczas ram czasowych realizacji roszczenia o wynagrodzenie oraz korektę regulacji wyłączającej prawo opiekuna do wynagrodzenia. Zgłoszone propozycje zmierzają do zwiększenia stopnia adekwatności wynagrodzenia opiekuna do dynamicznej sytuacji, w której potrzeby pupila i nakład pracy opiekuna są zmienne, a należyte wynagrodzenie leży w interesie obu stron stosunku opieki. Należy podkreślić, że problematyka wynagrodzenia opiekuna nie była od ponad dekady przedmiotem odrębnego opracowania, a zgłoszone postulaty mają w większości charakter nowatorski.
Everything Has a Role to Play: Reconstruction of Vessel Function From Early Copper Age Graves in the Upper Tisza Region (Eastern Hungary)
Authors: Solnay Eszter
Published: March 2023

Investigation into the utilitarian function of mortuary vessels is often a neglected aspect of ceramic examination. Since, in most cases, a direct link can be assumed between the vessels’ size, form, and most optimal utilitarian function, morphometry-based ceramic categories – along with ethnoarchaeological examples – can help to understand the role of these vessels in funerary contexts. This article focuses on the relationship between the utilitarian function of ceramics and their roles in graves through the analysis of eight Early Copper Age (4400/4300–4000/3900 BC) burial sites, associated with Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr ceramic styles, from the Upper Tisza Region (Hungary). The deposition of ceramic assemblages in graves became common in this period; however, a systematic analysis of their function has never been carried out before. In this study, a morphometry-based methodology was developed to establish the vessels’ utilitarian function. These functions were considered in the analysis of the composition of mortuary assemblages, and how they may reflect social status or gender roles of the deceased individual. Results indicate that the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr assemblages cannot be unequivocally distinguished from each other based on morphometric and functional criteria, suggesting similar functional roles in the past funerary contexts.
M2 Cortex Circuitry and Sensory-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Huntington's Disease: Role of Superior Colliculus
Authors: Conde-Berriozabal Sara , García-Gilabert Lia , García-García Esther , Sitjà-Roqueta Laia , López-Gil Xavier , Muñoz-Moreno Emma , Boutagouga Boudjadja Mehdi , Soria Guadalupe , Rodríguez Manuel J , Alberch Jordi , Masana Mercè
Published: March 2023

Early and progressive cortico-striatal circuit alterations have been widely characterized in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Cortical premotor area, M2 cortex in rodents, is the most affected cortical input to the striatum from early stages in patients and is associated to the motor learning deficits present in HD mice. Yet, M2 cortex sends additional long-range axon collaterals to diverse output brain regions beyond basal ganglia. Here, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of M2 cortex projections to HD pathophysiology in mice. Using fMRI, M2 cortex showed most prominent functional connectivity alterations with the superior colliculus (SC) in symptomaticR6/1HD male mice. Structural alterations were also detected by tractography, although diffusion weighted imaging measurements suggested preserved SC structure and similar electrophysiological responses were obtained in the SC on optogenetic stimulation of M2 cortical axons. Male and female HD mice showed behavioral alterations linked to SC function, including decreased defensive behavioral responses toward unexpected stimuli, such as a moving robo-beetle, and decreased locomotion on an unexpected flash of light. Additionally, GCamp6f fluorescence recordings with fiber photometry showed that M2 cortex activity was engaged by the presence of a randomly moving robo-bettle, an effect absent in HD male mice. Moreover, acute chemogenetic M2 cortex inhibition in WT mice shift behavioral responses toward an HD phenotype. Collectively, our findings highlight the involvement of M2 cortex activity in visual stimuli-induced behavioral responses, which are deeply altered in theR6/1HD mouse model.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding brain circuit alterations in brain disorders is critical for developing circuit-based therapeutic interventions. The cortico-striatal circuit is the most prominently disturbed in Huntington's disease (HD); and particularly, M2 cortex has a prominent role. However, the same M2 cortical neurons send additional projections to several brain regions beyond striatum. We characterized new structural and functional circuitry alterations of M2 cortex in HD mouse models and found that M2 cortex projection to the superior colliculus (SC) was deeply impaired. Moreover, we describe differential responses to unexpected sensory stimulus in HD mouse models, which relies on SC function. Our data highlight the involvement of M2 cortex in SC-dependent sensory processing and its alterations in HD pathophysiology.
Optimization Strategies for Primary School Students’ Homework Design in the Context of “Double Reduction”
Authors: Li Xilin
Published: March 2023

The Ministry of Education’s policy of “double reduction” aims to decrease the burden of homework and off-campus training for students in compulsory education. However, reducing the burden of homework cannot lead to a decline in learning quality. Therefore, optimizing homework design has become the focus of frontline teachers. This study analyzes the problems of primary school students’ homework design based on frontline teaching and management practices. It proposes optimization measures for primary school students’ homework design under the “double reduction” policy. Teachers should study the relevant concepts of homework design under this policy background and fully implement the homework management system. They should also innovate the layered operation design mode, control the number of operation design, establish an effective management feedback mechanism, and facilitate efficient communication between families and schools. The study highlights the increasing importance of cultivating students’ core literacy ability, which necessitates the adoption of new forms of education and homework design. Therefore, teachers should design homework that enhances students’ interest in subject knowledge, makes homework design more effective, and improves the quality of homework design. To achieve this, teachers should combine textbook knowledge with real-life examples, innovate the form of homework design, cultivate students’ comprehensive ability, liberate students from mechanical training, and enable them to consolidate basic knowledge in the practice of subject homework. This approach will improve the comprehensive training ability and core quality of students.
Practical Research on Teacher Professional Development Paths Based on Digital Teacher Portraits
Authors: Jia Dong
Published: March 2023

The Zhongliang Xiangyun Branch of Chengdu Longjiang Road Primary School, as a relatively young and inexperienced school, faced difficulties in guiding teachers towards suitable paths for their professional growth. To address this challenge and strengthen the teachers’ team, the school leverages its position as a key project school of digital teacher portraits in Wuhou District to conduct research on teachers’ professional growth paths. The study focuses on three directions, including teachers’ intelligent management path, teachers’ personalized research path, and teachers’ intelligent teaching implementation path. The school emphasizes the renewal of teachers’ education concepts and the improvement of their professional level, and develops a “Yunxin” teacher growth path planning map to construct a closed growth path through an all-round portrait of teachers. The school uses the intelligent management platform to realize paperless office work and to file teachers’ personal data and teaching resources online. Through the evaluation system of the digital teacher portrait platform, the school can effectively evaluate teachers’ work and establish a teacher development model. Furthermore, the school integrates both “offline centralized teaching” and “online personalized learning” to incorporate teacher classroom teaching data and student learning effect data into the important indicators of teacher “data portrait”. This integration promotes and supports teachers to carry out differentiated teaching, finally establishing a new model of “student-centered” intelligent education.