bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic study of a novel sonosensitizer chlorin‐e6 and its sonodynamic anti‐cancer activity in hepatoma‐22 tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Shi Haitao , Liu Quanhong , Qin Xiaofei , Wang Pan , Wang Xiaobing
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The sonodynamically induced anti‐tumor effect of chlorin‐e6 (Ce6) was studied in mice bearing hepatoma‐22 solid tumors.

Methods

In order to determine the optimum timing of ultrasound exposure after administration of Ce6, the Ce6 concentrations in plasma, skin, muscle and tumor were estimated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of tissue extractions with a fluorescence photometer based on the standard curve. A three‐dimensional optical imaging system (IVIS spectrum) was used further to characterize the distribution of Ce6 in H‐22 tumor. The anti‐tumor effects were estimated by measuring tumor size after sonodynamic therapy.

Results

Similar pharmacokinetic trends of Ce6 in mice were observed either by fluorescence spectrophotometry or by bio‐optical imaging. The results also demonstrated that Ce6 has a preferential localization in tumors, but low accumulation and rapid clearance in normal tissues. The results of anti‐tumor effects revealed that at an ultrasound intensity of 4 W/cm2 and a Ce6 dose of ≥10 mg/kg, a significant synergistic effect of ultrasound combined with Ce6 was observed, reducing the tumor volume significantly.

Conclusion

Chlorin‐e6 is a potential sonosensitizer for fluorescence imaging as well as for sonodynamic therapy for cancer. The anti‐tumor effect of ultrasound could be enhanced in the presence of Ce6, which might be involved in a sonochemical mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Psychopathic Trait Females Exhibit Reduced Startle Potentiation and Increased P3 Amplitude
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel E. , Stanford Matthew S. , Wan Li , Young Keith A.
Published: August 2011

While there has been steady progress in identifying psychophysiological traits associated with psychopathy, most of the existing research has been carried out using incarcerated male participants, and data that include females are particularly rare. This study examined both affective startle blink modulation and P3 amplitude in a sample of female undergraduates grouped by scores on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory‐Revised (PPI‐R). Those scoring high for psychopathic traits lacked startle blink potentiation and demonstrated larger P3 amplitudes during auditory and visual oddball tasks. These data support the generalizability of deficient startle potentiation to non‐incarcerated females with psychopathic traits, and add to a growing body of literature suggesting that psychopathic traits are associated with distinctive information‐processing characteristics as indexed by P3 amplitude. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Contribution of Disulfide S22‐ Anions to the Crystal and Electronic Structures in Ternary Sulfides, Ba12In4S19, Ba4M2S8 (M: Ga, In).
Authors: Liu Ji‐Wei , Wang Peng , Chen Ling
Published: August 2011

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of the elements using about 20% excess of sulfur (850 °C, 40—95% yields).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Migration at High Temperatures in Li4Ti5O12 Studied by Neutron Diffraction.
Authors: Laumann Andreas , Boysen Hans , Bremholm Martin , Fehr Thomas K. , Hoelzel Markus , Holzapfel Michael
Published: August 2011

The structure of the spinel‐type title compound, an anode material for batteries, is characterized by neutron powder diffraction from room temperature to 1100 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: K3B6O10Cl: A New Structure Analogous to Perovskite with a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response and Deep UV Absorption Edge.
Authors: Pan Shilie , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of KCl and H3BO3 in a KF/PbO flux (KF:KCl:PbO:H3BO3 = 2:1:2:6, Pt crucible, 650 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: [HxTeV9O28](5‐x)‐ (x = 1 and 2): Vanadotellurates with Decavanadate Structure.
Authors: Konaka Saki , Ozawa Yoshiki , Shonaka Takahiro , Watanabe Shinta , Yagasaki Atsushi
Published: August 2011

The new vanadotellurates (III) and (IV) (crude yield given in gram) are characterized by single crystal XRD and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of a New Nitrogen Joined N‐PEG‐TsDPEN Ligand and Its Application in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones in Neat Water.
Authors: Shan Wenjun , Meng Fanchao , Wu Yinuo , Mao Fei , Li Xingshu
Published: August 2011

Optically active diamine PAP with a polyethylene glycol chain attached to one nitrogen is a highly active and enantioselective ligand in the transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Enesulfonamides.
Authors: Yu Chang‐Bin , Gao Kao , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Shi Lei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: August 2011

Efficient catalytic systems are found for the synthesis of chiral sultams (II) and (IV) by an asymmetric hydrogenation of endo‐cyclic enesulfonamides (I) and exo‐cyclic enesulfonamides (III), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hypervalent Iodide‐Initiated Fragment Coupling Cascade of N‐Allylhydrazones.
Authors: Lutz Kelly E. , Thomson Regan J.
Published: August 2011

Allylic hydrazines react with aldehydes and alcohols to afford functionalized ether adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential ATRA/Reductive Cyclopropanation Reactions with a Ruthenium Catalyst in the Presence of Manganese.
Authors: Fernandez‐Zumel Mariano A. , Buron Charlotte , Severin Kay
Published: August 2011

Atom‐transfer radical addition reactions of olefins with ethyl dichloroacetate (II) result in the formation of dichlorobutanoates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone Derivatives with Novel Chiral Phosphinite Based η6‐p‐Cymene/Ruthenium(II) Catalysts.
Authors: Aydemir Murat , Meric Nermin , Baysal Akin , Turgut Yilmaz , Kayan Cezmi , Seker Sevil , Togrul Mahmut , Guemguem Bahattin
Published: August 2011

Ruthenium complexes (I) are readily prepared and their structures are supported by 1H and 13C NMR data.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenalenyl‐Based Ligand for Transition Metal Chemistry: Application in Henry Reaction.
Authors: Mukherjee Arup , Sen Tamal K. , Mandal Swadhin K. , Kratzert Daniel , Stalke Dietmar , Doering Alexander , Schulzke Carola
Published: August 2011

The new copper complex PHECU is shown to catalyze the addition reaction of nitromethane to aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemically Controlled Asymmetric 1,2‐Reduction of Enones Mediated by a Chiral Sulfoxide Moiety and a Lanthanum(III) Ion.
Authors: Motohashi Shigeyasu , Nagase Kouichi , Nakakita Toshinori , Matsuo Takeshi , Yoshida Yoshikazu , Kawakubo Takashi , Miura Motofumi , Toriyama Masaharu , Barybin Mikhail V.
Published: August 2011

Reduction of (Z)‐β‐sulfinyl enones with NaBH4/ LaCl3·7H2O allows efficient access to enantiomerically pure allylic alcohols after desulfuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted 2‐Acyl Furans via PIFA/I2‐Mediated Oxidative Cycloisomerization of cis‐2‐En‐4‐yn‐1‐ols.
Authors: Du Xiangwei , Chen Haoyi , Chen Yifeng , Chen Jingjin , Liu Yuanhong
Published: August 2011

Combination of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, molecular iodine, and a base gives rise to an oxidative cycloisomerization of cis‐enynols, enabling the synthesis of 2‐acyl furans with diverse substitution patterns in a regioselective manner under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity Manipulation of Bicyclization Reactions of 1,5‐Bis(1,2‐allenylketone)s: Pd versus Rh and Electronic Effect.
Authors: Deng Youqian , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2011

The rhodium‐catalyzed double cyclization affords furan‐fused bicyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Zinc Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Amidoalkylation of Indoles with Aryl Aldimines.
Authors: Wang Bei‐Lei , Li Nai‐Kai , Zhang Jin‐Xin , Liu Guo‐Gui , Liu Teng , Shen Qi , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: August 2011

Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts amidoalkylation of indoles (I) and (VI) with aryl aldimines (II), (IV) or (VII) is efficiently catalyzed by Trost′s dinuclear zinc—bis(prolinol)phenol complex.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Access to Carbazolones and 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles.
Authors: Janreddy Donala , Kavala Veerababurao , Bosco J. W. John , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: August 2011

Different fused pyrrole derivatives are efficiently synthesized by the present new cheap method.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Access to (Imidazol‐2‐yl)acetates by Reaction of 2‐Unsubstituted Imidazole 3‐Oxides with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Jasinski Marcin , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: August 2011

The formation of the desired imidazoles is rationalized by a formal 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction followed by an oxaloyl cleavage of oxobutanoate intermediates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of N‐Aryloxazolidinones with Simple Arenes Using Sodium Persulfate.
Authors: Yeung Charles S. , Dong Vy M.
Published: August 2011

This oxidative cross‐coupling approach for the direct functionalization of N‐aryloxazolidinones is conducted by employing unactivated arenes as the coupling partners and sodium persulfate as an environmentally benign and easy to handle stoichiometric oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydroxylated 3,4‐Dihydropyridine‐2‐ones from Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Oxirane‐Containing Tertiary Enamides.
Authors: Yang Luo , Tong Shuo , Wang De‐Xian , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: August 2011

Oxirane‐containing tertiary enamides (V) undergo cyclization via intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the epoxide moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Three‐Component Reaction: Green Synthesis of Novel Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinazoline Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of TNF‐α.
Authors: Pal Manojit , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

Some of the novel isoindolinoquinazolines, e.g. (III) and (Vd), show significant inhibition of TNF‐α.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ferrocenic Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline Derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro Antimalarial Activity. Part 2.
Authors: Guillon Jean , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

A series of title compounds of type (I) and (II) is prepared and evaluated for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Sesquiterpenoids from the Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla.
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Qing , Luo Jian‐Guang , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Wang Jun‐Song , Luo Jun , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: August 2011

Two new norsesquiterpenoids, oxyphyllenotriol A (I) and oxyphyllone G (II), and two new sesquiterpenoids, oxyphyllols D (III) and E (IV), are isolated from title plant fruits.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Cytotoxicity of Phidianidines A (Ia) and B (Ib): First Finding of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole System in a Marine Natural Product.
Authors: Carbone Marianna , Li Yan , Irace Carlo , Mollo Ernesto , Castelluccio Francesco , Di Pascale Antonio , Cimino Guido , Santamaria Rita , Guo Yue‐Wei , Gavagnin Margherita
Published: August 2011

The structures of the title compounds are determined by spectroscopic means.
ChemInform Abstract: New Bicyclotridecane C15 Nonterpenoid Bromoallenes from Laurencia marilzae.
Authors: Gutierrez‐Cepeda Adrian , Fernandez Jose J. , Norte Manuel , Souto Maria L.
Published: August 2011

The structures of the new title allenes, marilzabicycloallenes A—D, are determined by spectroscopic means.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Reported Structure of Crassiflorone, a Naturally Occurring Quinone Isolated from the African Ebony Diospyros crassiflora, and Regioisomeric Pentacyclic Furocoumarin Naphthoquinones.
Authors: Padwal Jalindar , Lewis William , Moody Christopher J.
Published: August 2011

The synthesis of the proposed structure of crassiflorone (Ia) as well as that of three regioisomers (Ib), (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Novel Members of Angucycline Group from Streptomyces sp. N05WA963.
Authors: Lu Xinhua , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

New angucyclines (I) and the new anthracycline (II) possess antiproliferative effects on a panel of cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolitic Materials with Hierarchical Porous Structures
Authors: Lopez‐Orozco Sofia , Inayat Amer , Schwab Andreas , Selvam Thangaraj , Schwieger Wilhelm
Published: August 2011

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Properties of Non‐Stoichiometric Oxides
Authors: Caneiro A. , Mogni L. , Grunbaum N. , Prado F.
Published: August 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Centers Bearing Nitrogen (α‐Tertiary Amines) as Products of Molecular Rearrangements
Authors: Clayden Jonathan , Donnard Morgan , Lefranc Julien , Tetlow Daniel J.
Published: August 2011

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused 1,3,5‐Triazines. Part 3. Synthetic Routes Towards Thiazolo[1,3,5]triazines
Authors: Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: August 2011

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Application of Isocyanides in Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M.
Published: August 2011

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes
Authors: Bonjoch Josep , Diaba Faiza , Bradshaw Ben
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to the cis‐Fused Stereoisomers of Proline Analogues Containing an Octahydroindole Core.
Authors: Sayago Francisco J. , Laborda Pedro , Calaza M. Isabel , Jimenez Ana I. , Cativiela Carlos
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Important Nucleosides: Modern Trends in Biotechnology and Application
Authors: Mikhailopulo Igor A. , Miroshnikov Anatoly I.
Published: August 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on the Preparation and Reactivity of Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Yu Lei , Guo Rong
Published: August 2011

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions Mediated by Electrochemically Generated ArS+
Authors: Matsumoto Kouichi , Suga Seiji , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2011

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization Logic in Total Synthesis
Authors: Gutekunst Will R. , Baran Phil S.
Published: August 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereotopos‐Differentiating C—H Activation Reactions at Methylene Groups
Authors: Herrmann Pavel , Bach Thorsten
Published: August 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering DNA Aptamers for Novel Analytical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: You Mingxu , Chen Yan , Peng Lu , Han Da , Yin Bincheng , Ye Bangce , Tan Weihong
Published: August 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Complexes of Bis(thiosemicarbazones): From Chemotherapeutics to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Paterson Brett M. , Donnelly Paul S.
Published: August 2011

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prospects of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Development
Authors: Sharma Y. C. , Singh B. , Upadhyay S. N.
Published: August 2011

Review: 90 refs.
Toward efficient protocol design through protocol profiling and performance assessment: using formal verification in a different context
Authors: Georgoulas Stylianos , Moessner Klaus
Published: August 2011

The most common use of formal verification methods so far has been in identifying whether livelock and/or deadlock situations can occur during protocol execution, process, or system operation. In this work, we aim to show that an additional equally important and useful application of formal verification methods can be in protocol design in terms of performance‐related metrics. This can be achieved by using the methods in a rather different context compared with their traditional use, that is, not only as model checking tools to assess the correctness of a protocol in terms of lack of livelock and deadlock situations but rather as tools capable of building profiles of protocol operations, assessing their performance, and identifying operational patterns and possible bottleneck operations. This process can provide protocol designers with an insight about the protocols’ behavior and guide them toward further optimizations. It can also assist network operators and service providers to assess the protocols’ relative performance and select the most suitable protocol for specific deployment scenarios. We illustrate these principles by showing how formal verification tools can be applied in this protocol profiling and performance assessment context using some existing protocol implementations in mobile and wireless environments as case studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building the posterior lateral line system in zebrafish
Authors: Chitnis Ajay B. , Dalle Nogare Damian , Matsuda Miho
Published: August 2011

The posterior lateral line (pLL) in zebrafish has emerged as an excellent system to study how a sensory organ system develops. Here we review recent studies that illustrate how interactions between multiple signaling pathways coordinate cell fate, morphogenesis, and collective migration of cells in the posterior lateral line primordium. These studies also illustrate how the pLL system is contributing much more broadly to our understanding of mechanisms operating during the growth, regeneration, and self‐organization of other organ systems during development and disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 234–255, 2012
A numerical method for the simulation of an aggregation‐driven population balance system
Authors: Hackbusch Wolfgang , John Volker , Khachatryan Aram , Suciu Carina
Published: August 2011

A population balance system that models the synthesis of urea is studied in this paper. The equations for the flow field, the mass and the energy balances are given in a three‐dimensional domain, while the equation for the particle size distribution is given in a four‐dimensional domain. This problem is convection‐dominated and aggregation‐driven. Both features require the application of appropriate numerical methods. This paper presents a numerical approach for simulating the population balance system, which is based on finite element schemes, a finite difference method and a modern method to evaluate convolutIon integrals that appear in the aggregation term. Two experiments are considered and the numerical results are compared with experimental data. Unknown parameters in the aggregation kernel have to be calibrated. For appropriately chosen parameters, good agreements are achieved of the experimental data and the numerical results computed with the proposed method. A detailed study of the computational results reveals the influence of different parts of the aggregation kernel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical management of paget's disease
Authors: Kaplan Frederick S.
Published: August 2011

Orthopedic complications of Paget's disease occur commonly and arise as a result of chronically accelerated bone remodeling in focal regions of the skeleton. Complications include pathologic fractures with delayed union, progressive skeletal deformity, chronic bone pain and pagetic arthritis. The new bisphosphonates have transformed the treatment of Paget's disease in the past decade but have not yet been studied in depth for their ability to prevent orthopaedic complications. Although few patients with Paget's disease ever require surgical intervention, successful operative management of orthopaedic complications has dramatically improved the quality of life for many sufferers. Selected modalities with promising results include total hip replacement for end-stage pagetic arthritis of the hip, total knee replacement for end-stage pagetic arthritis of the knee, proximal tibial osteotomy for painful malalignment of the knees, internal fixation for pathological fractures, and decompressive laminectomy for spinal stenosis. Complications of surgery on pagetic bone include hemorrhage, infection, pathologic fracture, delayed union, nonunion, and aseptic loosening of hardware. Medical, surgical, and rehabilitative modalities provide a wide array of options in managing orthopaedic complications of Paget's disease and are useful in improving quality of life for sufferers of the condition. Prospective studies are needed to assess the ability of antipagetic medications to prevent severe long-term complications such as deformity, arthritis, and malignancy. Localization of susceptibility genes for Paget's disease may accelerate identification of targets for gene therapy and disease prevention.
Chemical composition, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities of few‐flower wild rice (Zizania latifolia Turcz.)
Authors: Qian Bingjun , Luo Yali , Deng Yun , Cao Linkui , Yang Hongshun , Shen Yongpei , Ping Jian
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND: The chemical compositions of the stem and leaf sheath of few‐flower wild rice were analysed. In addition, their extracts were evaluated for diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging activity, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity, since these are important properties of sources of nutraceuticals or functional foods.

RESULTS: The stems contained more ascorbic acid (0.06 g kg−1 fresh weight), protein (28.18 g kg−1 dry weight (DW)), reducing sugars (308.54 g kg−1 DW), water‐soluble pectin (20.63 g kg−1 DW), Na2CO3‐soluble pectin (44.14 g kg−1 DW), K (8 g kg−1 dry matter (DM), S (6 g kg−1 DM) and P (5 g kg−1 DM) but less starch, total dietary fibre, Si, Na and Ca than the leaf sheaths. The DPPH free radical‐scavenging IC50 values of the stem and leaf sheath extracts were 19.28 and 21.22 mg mL−1 respectively. In addition, the ACE‐inhibitory IC50 value of the stem extracts was 38.54 mg mL−1.

CONCLUSION: Both the stem and leaf sheath extracts exhibited good antioxidant properties, while good ACE‐inhibitory activity was detected only in the phosphate buffer solution extracts of the stem. Few‐flower wild rice could be processed into formula feeds for fish, poultry, etc. or functional foods for persons with high blood pressure. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
NMR spectra and structures of oridonin derivatives complexes with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Bing , Li Yin‐Chao , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: August 2011

Complexations between three oridonin derivatives and β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. Job's plots for complexes were depicted by 1H NMR spectra chemical shifts, which proved the 1:1 stoichiometry inclusion complex formation between each derivative and βCD. Two‐dimensional rotating frame overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D ROESY) support the above conclusion and also proved that ring A of each oridonin derivative deeply enters into hydrophobic cavity from the wider rim and the other parts are outside the cavity. Apparent formation constants (Ka) of complexes between three oridonin derivatives and two CDs are calculated according to Scott's equation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lead ion removal characteristics of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite foams prepared by supercritical CO2 process
Authors: Jeon Byung Jin , Jeong Young Gyu , Min Byung Gil , Lyoo Won Seok , Lee Sang Cheol
Published: August 2011

We have prepared a series of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HAp) composite foams by a supercritical CO2 foaming process and investigated the lead ion (Pb2+) removal performances of the foam samples in batch aqueous solutions (foam sample of 5 g, aqueous solution of 500 ml, initial Pb2+ ion concentration of 275 mg/l, pH values of 2.0–6.0) at 25°C. It is characterized that the porosity of the foams decreases from 96.3% to 50.3% as the HAp content increases from 0 to 40 wt%, although all the foam samples exhibit well‐developed open porous structures. The maximum capacity of Pb2+ ions removed by the composite foams increases from 81.2 to 140.5 mg/g with increasing the HAp content from 10 to 40 wt%, due to the increased adsorption sites of HAp for Pb2+ ions. However, the removal kinetic analysis based on the pseudo‐second order model demonstrates that the Pb2+ ion removal rate is slightly faster for the composite foams with higher porosity (i.e., lower HAp content). The maximum Pb2+ ion removal capacity of a given composite foam increases from 20.2 to 140.5 mg/g with increasing the initial pH value from 2.0 to 5.0 but it decreases slightly to 111.7 mg/g at the initial pH value of 6.0. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polysomnography in preterm infants and children with chronic lung disease
Authors: McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. , Ryan Timothy , McGinley Brian M. , Okelo Sande O. , Sterni Laura M. , Collaco J. Michael
Published: August 2011

Objective

To determine the utility of overnight polysomnography (PSG) in assessing pulmonary reserve in stable preterm children with chronic lung disease (CLD).

Study design

A retrospective review and descriptive study of overnight PSGs and clinic visits of preterm infants/children less than 3 years of age who were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at discharge from the hospital and enrolled in the Johns Hopkins CLD patient registry between 2008 and 2010.

Results

Sixty‐two clinically stable patients underwent at least one overnight polysomnogram for clinical indications. The majority of patients were referred for oxygen titration (71%). PSGs from first studies revealed a mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 8.2 ± 10.1 events/hr and a mean O2 saturation (SaO2) nadir of 86.2 ± 5.7%. In patients who underwent more than one PSG (n = 23), a significant decrease in RDI (P < 0.001) was found between the first study (mean age: 8.0 ± 3.3 months) and second study (mean age: 13.4 ± 5.2 months). Outpatient clinical measures of mean room air SaO2 and respiratory rate were not predictive of PSG measures of RDI and SaO2 nadir.

Conclusion

Mean RDI was higher in stable preterm infants/children with CLD compared to previously published controls. RDI decreased with age in stable preterm infants/children with CLD suggesting improved pulmonary reserve with age. Outpatient clinical measures (respiratory rate and room air SaO2) did not correlate with RDI and SaO2 nadir indicating that overnight PSG is more sensitive in assessing pulmonary reserve than outpatient clinical measures. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:172–179. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Centimeter‐Scale High‐Resolution Metrology of Entire CVD‐Grown Graphene Sheets
Authors: Kyle Jennifer Reiber , Guvenc Ali , Wang Wei , Ghazinejad Maziar , Lin Jian , Guo Shirui , Ozkan Cengiz S. , Ozkan Mihrimah
Published: August 2011

A high‐throughput metrology method for measuring the thickness and uniformity of entire large‐area chemical vapor deposition‐grown graphene sheets on arbitrary substrates is demonstrated. This method utilizes the quenching of fluorescence by graphene via resonant energy transfer to increase the visibility of graphene on a glass substrate. Fluorescence quenching is visualized by spin‐coating a solution of polymer mixed with fluorescent dye onto the graphene then viewing the sample under a fluorescence microscope. A large‐area fluorescence montage image of the dyed graphene sample is collected and processed to identify the graphene and indicate the graphene layer thickness throughout the entire graphene sample. Using this metrology method, the effect of different transfer techniques on the quality of the graphene sheet is studied. It is shown that small‐area characterization is insufficient to truly evaluate the effect of the transfer technique on the graphene sample. The results indicate that introducing a drop of acetone or liquid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on top of the transfer PMMA layer before soaking the graphene sample in acetone improves the quality of the graphene dramatically over immediately soaking the graphene in acetone. This work introduces a new method for graphene quantification that can quickly and easily identify graphene layers in a large area on arbitrary substrates. This metrology technique is well suited for many industrial applications due to its repeatability and flexibility.
Do young bilinguals acquire past tense morphology like monolinguals, only later? Evidence from French–English and Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: NICOLADIS ELENA , SONG JIANHUI , MARENTETTE PAULA
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have shown that preschool bilingual children lag behind same-aged monolinguals in their production of correct past tense forms. This lag has been attributed to bilinguals' less frequent exposure to either language. If so, bilingual children acquire the past tense like monolinguals, only later. In this study, we compared the English past tense production of Chinese–English bilingual children with a matched sample of French–English bilinguals (5–12 years old). The results showed small but reliable differences in the children's past tense production (e.g., the kinds of errors the children made) that could be attributed to knowledge of the other language. Both groups of children showed equivalent rates of accuracy, suggesting that bilinguals exposed to naturalistic speech acquire the past tense much like monolinguals do, only later and with some effects, most likely morphophonological, from their other language.
Psychosocial factors in older heroin-dependent patients in treatment
Authors: Sidhu Harvinder , Crome Peter , Crome Ilana B
Published: August 2011

The psychosocial characteristics of older heroin-dependent patients (defined as 45 years and over) attending a specialist addiction clinic in Stoke on Trent, UK were studied using retrospective record analysis of the case notes of the 20 oldest heroin-dependent patients. This study draws attention to the multiple psychosocial problems facing ageing heroin addicts. On average, patients were 48 years old, had first been exposed to heroin at age 29, 85% were injectors and the majority were polydrug users. In 20% a major life event had preceded first use of heroin. Nineteen were male, 17 were single, only 10% were employed, while just 10% did not have a criminal history. Depression, self-harm and memory disturbance were frequently reported. Retention in treatment was a feature, with consequent improvements including reduction in criminality and injecting behaviour. However, there is little specific guidance on treatment, training or policy for this group in the UK.
Does Antiretroviral Therapy Improve HIV-Associated Cognitive Impairment? A Quantitative Review of the Literature
Authors: Al-Khindi Timour , Zakzanis Konstantine K. , van Gorp Wilfred G.
Published: August 2011

The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved survival for those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but whether ART improves cognitive functioning remains unclear. The aim of the present review was to examine systematically the extent to which ART improves cognition among individuals with HIV using meta-analytic methods. Twenty-three studies were included in the quantitative review. ART was associated with modest improvements in attention (meand= .17;p< .001; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09/.25), executive function (meand= .18;p< .001; 95% CI, .10/.26), and motor function (meand= .24;p< .001; 95% CI, .16/.32). ART did not improve language, verbal memory, visual memory or visuospatial function. The extent to which cognition improved was correlated with the change in CD4 cell count following ART, suggesting a link between cognitive outcome and immune system integrity. Together, the present findings indicate that the neuropsychological test performance of most HIV patients taking ART is comparable to those not taking ART. Development of pharmaceutical treatments and rehabilitation strategies that target the cognitive effects of HIV infection is needed. (JINS, 2011,17, 956–969)
On the warming in the tropical upper troposphere: Models versus observations
Authors: Fu Qiang , Manabe Syukuro , Johanson Celeste M.
Published: August 2011

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR4 (Fourth Assessment Report) GCMs (General Circulation Models) predict a tropical tropospheric warming that increases with height, reaches its maximum at ∼200 hPa, and decreases to zero near the tropical tropopause. This study examines the GCM‐predicted maximum warming in the tropical upper troposphere using satellite MSU (microwave sounding unit)‐derived deep‐layer temperatures in the tropical upper‐ and lower‐middle troposphere for 1979–2010. While satellite MSU/AMSU observations generally support GCM results with tropical deep‐layer tropospheric warming faster than surface, it is evident that the AR4 GCMs exaggerate the increase in static stability between tropical middle and upper troposphere during the last three decades.
Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume
Authors: Lu Zhenmei , Deng Ye , Van Nostrand Joy D , He Zhili , Voordeckers James , Zhou Aifen , Lee Yong-Jin , Mason Olivia U , Dubinsky Eric A , Chavarria Krystle L , Tom Lauren M , Fortney Julian L , Lamendella Regina , Jansson Janet K , D'haeseleer Patrik , Hazen Terry C , Zhou Jizhong
Published: August 2011

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is the deepest and largest offshore spill in the United State history and its impacts on marine ecosystems are largely unknown. Here, we showed that the microbial community functional composition and structure were dramatically altered in a deep-sea oil plume resulting from the spill. A variety of metabolic genes involved in both aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation were highly enriched in the plume compared with outside the plume, indicating a great potential for intrinsic bioremediation or natural attenuation in the deep sea. Various other microbial functional genes that are relevant to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and iron cycling, metal resistance and bacteriophage replication were also enriched in the plume. Together, these results suggest that the indigenous marine microbial communities could have a significant role in biodegradation of oil spills in deep-sea environments.
Magnetization reversal in composition-controlled Gd1–xCox ferrimagnetic films close to compensation composition
Authors: Hrabec A. , Nam N. T. , Pizzini S. , Ranno L.
Published: August 2011

We report on a model system for micromagnetic studies, i.e., ferrimagnetic Gd1−xCox thin films with controlled composition gradient and, therefore, a controlled magnetization gradient along the film. By employing extraordinary Hall effect measurements and Kerr microscopy, we have studied magnetization reversal and shown that, around compensation, varying magnetization with temperature or composition is equivalent. In particular, the coercive field diverges close to the compensation temperature or close to the compensation interface. The position of the compensation interface is very sensitive to temperature and can be used as a probe of sample heating.
Photonic band anti-crossing in a coupled system of a teraherz plasmonic crystal film and a metal air-gap waveguide
Authors: Lee Sun-Goo , Kee Chul-Sik , Lee Eui Su , Jeon Tae-In
Published: August 2011

We show that photonic band anti-crossing in a coupled system of a terahertz plasmonic crystal film and a metal air-gap waveguide can create frequency gaps where light propagation is forbidden. The forbidden frequency gaps have not been found in photonic crystals because they are not caused by the Bragg multiple-reflections to create conventional photonic band gaps. The position of the forbidden frequency gap depends on the ratio of the period of the plasmonic crystal and the air-gap size. The steep edges of the frequency gaps could be useful in sensing a chemical or a bio-chemical reaction in a terahertz wave range.
Spin-polarized Andreev reflection and spin accumulation in a quantum-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with spin-orbit interaction effects
Authors: Pan Hui , Cui Yimin , Wang Hailong , Wang Rongming
Published: August 2011

We theoretically investigate the spin-orbit interaction effects on the Andreev reflection and the spin accumulation in a quantum dot embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer. Due to the spin-dependent phase caused by the spin-orbit (SO) interaction, the electron occupation number becomes spin dependent and the spin accumulation can appear in the quantum dot (QD). Furthermore, in the presence of a magnetic flux, the spin accumulation of the dot can even be reversed by tuning the gate voltage. The magnitude and direction of the spin accumulation in the QD can be easily controlled by the gate voltage, magnetic flux, and the SO interaction. The Andreev reflection current also exhibits a spin polarization under the influence of both the spin-orbit interaction and the magnetic field through the ring. The spin polarization of the current can be tuned by varying the spin-orbit interaction strength and the magnetic flux. This provides an efficient mechanism to control the spin accumulation and the Andreev reflection in the quantum dot.
Ultralow power all-optical diode in photonic crystal heterostructures with broken spatial inversion symmetry
Authors: Lu Cuicui , Hu Xiaoyong , Zhang Yingbo , Li Zhiqiang , Xu Xin’an , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang
Published: August 2011

We experimentally realize an all-optical diode in a photonic crystal heterostructure with broken spatial inversion symmetry. The physical mechanism is attributed to bandgaps only for certain wavevectors and the transition between different electromagnetic Bloch modes, without any nonlinearity and high power requirement. An ultralow photon intensity of 50 kW/cm2 and an ultrahigh transmission contrast of over 103 are reached simultaneously. Compared with previous reported all-optical diodes, the operating power is reduced by seven orders of magnitude, while the transmission contrast is enlarged by two orders of magnitude. This approach may open a way for the study of integrated photonic devices.
Existence and properties of radial solutions in the self-dual Chern-Simons O(3) sigma model
Authors: Choe Kwangseok , Han Jongmin
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we study the self-dual equations arising from the Chern-Simons gauged O(3) sigma model with symmetric potential. We prove the existence of radially symmetric solutions of the reduced elliptic equation having topological and nontopological boundary conditions.
Ab initio quantum Monte Carlo study of the binding of a positron to alkali-metal hydrides
Authors: Kita Yukiumi , Maezono Ryo , Tachikawa Masanori , Towler Mike D. , Needs Richard J.
Published: August 2011

Quantum Monte Carlo methods are used to investigate the binding of a positron to the alkali-metal hydrides, XH (X = Na and K). We obtain positron affinities for the NaH and KH molecules of 1.422(10) eV and 2.051(39) eV, respectively. These are considerably larger than the previous results of 1.035 eV and 1.273 eV obtained from multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction calculations. Together with our previous results for [LiH;e+] [Y. Kita et al., J. Chem. Phys. 131, 134310 (2009)], our study confirms the strong correlation between the positron affinity and dipole moment of alkali-metal hydrides.
A possible pressure-induced superconducting-semiconducting transition in nearly optimally doped single crystalline YBa2Cu3O7-δ
Authors: Muramatsu T. , Pham D. , Chu C. W.
Published: August 2011

The pressure effect on the single-crystalline, nearly optimally doped high temperature cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ with a sharp ambient transition temperature of 90.7 K has been investigated resistively up to 29 GPa. An abrupt disappearance of superconductivity at 60 K under ∼24 GPa was detected, accompanied by a thermally activated resistance, suggesting a possible pressure-induced superconducting-semiconducting transition. By comparing the present results with those of recent high pressure work on Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-δ, it is proposed that the control of such electronic instabilities may further help raise the superconducting transition temperature record of 164 K in tri-layer cuprate superconductors by pressures.
Response of graphene to femtosecond high-intensity laser irradiation
Authors: Roberts Adam , Cormode Daniel , Reynolds Collin , Newhouse-Illige Ty , LeRoy Brian J. , Sandhu Arvinder S.
Published: August 2011

We study the response of graphene to high-intensity, 50-femtosecond laser pulse excitation. We establish that graphene has a high (∼3 × 1012 Wcm−2) single-shot damage threshold. Above this threshold, a single laser pulse cleanly ablates graphene, leaving microscopically defined edges. Below this threshold, we observe laser-induced defect formation leading to degradation of the lattice over multiple exposures. We identify the lattice modification processes through in-situ Raman microscopy. The effective lifetime of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene under femtosecond near-infrared irradiation and its dependence on laser intensity is determined. These results also define the limits of non-linear applications of graphene in femtosecond high-intensity regime.
Room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO prepared by microemulsion
Authors: Xu Qingyu , Wen Zheng , Zhang Hua , Qi Xiaosi , Zhong Wei , Xu Liguo , Wu Di , Shen Kai , Xu Mingxiang
Published: August 2011

Clear room temperature ferromagnetism has been observed in ZnO powders prepared by microemulsion. The O vacancy (VO) clusters mediated by the VO with one electron (F center) contributed to the ferromagnetism, while the isolated F centers contributed to the low temperature paramagnetism. Annealing in H2 incorporated interstitial H (Hi) in ZnO, and removed the isolated F centers, leading to the suppression of the paramagnetism. The ferromagnetism has been considered to originate from the VO clusters mediated by the Hi, leading to the enhancement of the coercivity. The ferromagnetism disappeared after annealing in air due to the reduction of Hi.
Experimental evidence for the role of domain swapping in the evolution of the histone fold
Authors: Hadjithomas Michalis , Moudrianakis Evangelos N.
Published: August 2011

The histone fold forms the fundamental endoskeleton of the protein core of the nucleosome and is also found in several transcription factors. We have investigated the evolutionary origins of this ubiquitous protein motif, which is found soluble exclusively as an antiparallel (handshake motif) dimer. We introduced a three amino acid insertion into the middle of a homodimeric archaeal histone fold motif. The engineered molecule was found to be a soluble and stable monomer with properties consistent with a four-helix-bundle protein. The experimental evidence presented here support the hypothesis that the handshake association motif characteristic of present-day histone dimers is the evolutionary product of domain swapping between two four-helix bundle domains, each of which derived from the tandem duplication of a primitive helix–strand–helix unit.
Selected indicators on science and knowledge in Arab countries
Authors: El-Khoury Gabi
Published: August 2011

This statistical file is concerned with indications of the status of science and knowledge in Arab countries, assuming that these countries have no alternative but to stimulate the areas of science and technology together along with the education sector, if for nothing more than to overcome some lingering problems like food-, water- and energy security (UNESCO, p 251). Tables 1 and 2 provide general socio-economic data, which might serve as prelimnary indicators. Table 3 presents indicators on higher education student enrollment, while Table 4 provides statements on public expenditure on education. Ranking of Arab research institutions is shown in Table 5, while Table 6 indicates the ranking of Arab countries in the Assimilation of Technology Index. Tables 7 provides statements on the numbers of reserchers in some Arab countries, while Table 8 presents statements on gross expenditure on research & development (GERD) as a Percentage of GDP. Tables 9 and 10 give figures on the number of scientific publications and articles being written in Arab countries, while Table 11 presents figures on internet penetration into the Arab Region.
Mexico’s elusive foreign policy towards the Middle East: between indifference and engagement
Authors: Marines Alejandra Galindo
Published: August 2011

Mexico’s foreign policy towards the Middle East can be characterized in general terms as exhibiting a lack of interest towards the region. Here it is argued that this state of affairs has persisted not only because of the weight of its relationship to the United States, but also because the foreign policy displayed towards the region lacks a clearly delineated or permanent strategy that exhibits more conjectural interests than long-term goals. The analysis comprehends the background of Mexico’s rapprochement to Middle Eastern countries in order to notice the shifts experienced in the last two administrations, which can tell if the challenges imposed at the domestic and international level can reshape Mexico relationship towards this region.
Photoluminescence of monocrystalline and stain-etched porous silicon doped with high temperature annealed europium
Authors: Guerrero-Lemus R , Montesdeoca-Santana A , González-Díaz B , Díaz-Herrera B , Velázquez J J , Hernández-Rodríguez C , Jiménez-Rodríguez E
Published: August 2011

In this work, for the first time, the photoluminescent emission and excitation spectra of non-textured layers and stain-etched porous silicon layers (PSLs) doped with high temperature annealed europium (Eu) are evaluated. The PSLs are evaluated as a host for rare earth ions and as an antireflection coating. The applied doping process, which consists in a simple impregnation method followed by a high-temperature annealing step, is compatible with the standard processes in the fabrication of solar cells. The results show down-shifting processes with a maximum photoluminescent intensity at 615 nm, related to the transition 5D0 → 7F2. Different initial concentrations of Eu(NO3)3 are evaluated to study the influence of the rare earth concentration on the photoluminescent intensity. The chemical composition and the morphology of Eu-doped PSLs are examined by means of x-ray dispersion spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These Eu-doped layers are considered to be applied as energy converters in silicon-based third generation solar cells.
A dielectric barrier discharge in neon at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ran Junxia , Luo Haiyun , Wang Xinxin
Published: August 2011

A dielectric barrier discharge in neon at atmospheric pressure is investigated with electrical measurement and fast photography. It is found that a stable diffuse discharge can be easily generated in a gap with a gap space of 0.5–6 mm and is identified with a glow discharge. The first breakdown voltage of the gap is considerably higher than that of the same gap working in a stable diffuse discharge mode, which indicates that Penning ionization of neon metastables from the previous discharge with inevitable gas impurities plays an important role in the decrease in the breakdown voltage. Discharge patterns are observed in a gap shorter than 1 mm. From the experiments with a wedge-like gap, it is found that the discharge patterns are formed in the area with a higher applied electric field, which suggests that a higher applied electric field may cause a transition from a diffuse glow to discharge patterns.