bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical heterogeneity in the early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Russu Eugeniu , Groppa Liliana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Chișlari Lia ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Cazac Victor ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Rotaru Larisa ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova
Published: June 2022

Introduction PsA are included in the group of HLA-B27-associated joint diseases, united in the group of seronegative spondylitis (SSA). At the same time, this disease differs from ankylosing spondylitis and other spondylitis with a particularly diverse clinical picture and the existence of only the syndromes inherent in it, for example, intermittent synovitis, palindromic rheumatism or mutilating arthritis. Purpose of the study Research of clinical heterogeneity of early psoriatic arthritis and the possibility of early diagnosis. Materials and methods The current study included 104 patients with PsA who were admitted to the rheumatology and arthrology departments of the Republican Clinical Hospital „Timofei Moşneaga” from 2003 to October 2021. Results The frequency of expression of individual clinico-anatomical variants of joint syndrome was different in patients with PsA-e and PsA-t (in PsA-e compared to PsA-t, the oligoarticular variant was significantly more likely to be observed (43.1% and 19%, respectively, p=0.01) and less often the variant of spondyloarthritis (7.8% and 19%, p=0.1), while the variant of polyarthritis (33.3% and 38%, p = 0,6) and distal interphalangeal (15,7% and 15%, p=0,9) were detected with the same frequency, as regards the mutilating variant, this was observed only in PsA-t. Conclusions The early stage of psoriatic arthritis is characterized by pronounced heterogeneity of manifestations of joint syndrome and damage to the tendon-ligament apparatus. In PsA-e oligoarthritis and polyarticular variants are the most common, less often - distal interphalangeal and spondyloarthritic. In the first 3 months after the onset of clinical manifestations of PsA, oligoarthritis was observed in 75.4% of patients and polyarthritis in 14% (p=0.0001), and after 6 months - 63% and 26.6% respectively (p=0.001). With a progression of the duration of the disease, the number of patients with arthritis increased, and by the end of the 2nd year was determined in 47.6% of patients, and oligoarthritis - in 28.6%.
Statistical and general data on thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Sclifos Ina
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer is difficult because the neoplasm coexists or develops against the background of thyroid nodulo-inflammatory pathologies, which have a slow evolution. The association of thyroid carcinoma with autoimmune thyroiditis remains debatable. In the literature, this combination is noted on average from 1% to 75% of cases. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the number of cancers of the thyroid gland against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis. The epidemiological features and morbidity of thyroid cancer associated with lymphocytic (autoimmune) thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova are not fully elucidated. Material and methods. This work was performed within the Institute of Oncology of the Republic of Moldova. This study was prospective-selective. The research was conducted during the years 2017-2020 with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the „Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, (minutes №76 from 14.11.2016). The study involved 234 patients admitted to the scientific laboratory tumors of the head and neck region. Patients included in the study met the inclusion criteria (patient consent with informed consent, age, patients with thyroid cancer developed on a healthy background and on the background of autoimmune thyroiditis). Results. The distribution of patients according to age indicates an identical percentage distribution for the cases included in the CT (thyroid carcinoma) + TA (autoimmune thyroiditis) group in both groups, where patients up to 55 years of age predominate, which constitute group 1 (52,7%) and group 2 (50,9%). In the CT + FS (healthy background) group, patients up to 55 years of age constitute the majority (68,9%), similar to the CT + TA group. In the CT + TA group, women with a female / male ratio of 27/1 predominated, and in the CT + FS group, the genre ratio (F / M) was 4/1. From the rural area, 44,7% of patients came, respectively from the urban area 55,2% of cases, similar figures for both groups. Evaluating the development region, a predominance of patients living in the central and southern region of the Republic of Moldova was found. Conclusions. Thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis is on the rise in the Republic of Moldova. This nosology mainly affects young people up to the age of 55 and predominates in females. According to the distribution of patients according to the environment southern Republic of Moldova. According to the distribution of patients by blood group we notice a predominance of blood group „O”.
Renal impairment in gout: females vs. males (clinical case)
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Cornea Cornelia , Groppa Liliana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Popa Serghei ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Agachi Svetlana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Sasu Dorian ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Cazac Victor ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Rotaru Larisa ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova
Published: June 2022

Objectives. Clinical and paraclinical evolution of gout in males and females. Materials and methods. Description of two clinical cases with gout and renal involvement, one male and one female, which were hospitalized in the „Timofei Mosneaga” Republican Clinical Hospital and Municipal Clinical Hospital „Saint Trinity” in 2021. Results. The male patient was hospitalized in a serious condition, being drowsy, disoriented and with bradyphrenia. Patient complained of dyspnea at mild exertion, severe fatigue, 5-day anuria and generalized edema. From the history collected from relatives, it was discovered that the patient has been diagnosed with gout a few years ago. The female patient has been hospitalized in the Nephrology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital „Timofei Moşneaga” for comprehensive evaluation. Her complaints: low back pain, dysuria, nocturia, moderate ankle edema, oliguria, marked asthenia, paresthesia. Conclusions. In women, primary renal damage is more common until the onset of menopause. After the onset of menopause, there is primarily joint damage, then kidney damage, or this process develops simultaneously (kidney and joint damage). In males due to hyperuricemia, there is joint damage, which later is associated with gouty nephropathy or kidney and joint involvement evolve paralleled.
The Pharmacological and Phytochemical Study of Adansonia digitata
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Kumar Ravi , Kumar Gautam Girendra , Rana Harshit
Published: June 2022

Adansonia digitata is a unique tree with their tender root, twigs, seeds, leaves, tubers, fruits and flowers which are edible. The Adansonia are also used for treat of various types of disease disorder due to their nutritional and chemical contents. This plant is mostly found in South Africa and Asian countries. In this paper, we represent the nutritional benefits of Adansonia digitata tree parts vise its fruits pulp, seeds, and leaves etc. The medicinal properties of the tree parts as well as the medicinal compound contained are discussed on addition. In this paper, the nutrition benefits of seeds oil are concluded use as premium oil.
Review on Application of Nanoparticles and Classification, Synthesis
Authors: B. Sonanwane Dipak. , M. Shah Anas , jaiswal Neha
Published: June 2022

As per ISO and ASTM standards, nanoparticles are particles of sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm with one or more dimensions. The nanoparticles are generally classified into the organic, inorganic and carbon based particles in nanometric scale that has improved properties compared to larger sizes of respective materials. The nanoparticles show enhanced properties such as high reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, stability, etc. because of their small size. The nanoparticles are synthesised by various methods for research and commercial uses that are classified into three main types namely physical, chemical and mechanical processes that has seen a vast improvement over time. This paper presents a review on nanoparticles, their types, properties, synthesis methods and its applications in the field of environment.
Recent Trends in Clinical Trials: An Overview
Authors: K. Swain Rupak , R. Panda Jnyana , Das Rajaram , Behera Satyajeet , K. Patro Sujit
Published: June 2022

Clinical research is the study design intended to check the safety and efficacy of drugs through the important phases, generally conducted in human volunteers to provide safe medications that contribute to well being of humanity. Generally a effective clinical trial study follows certain guidelines issued by ICH-GCP policies. These guidelines and policies are designed for protecting the interest of subjects and obtaining valuable information about the drug in clinical trial. Many research designs are implemented to obtain scientific information about the research study since it is tedious and expensive.
Review on Theoretical Study of Capacitabine use in Colon Cancer
Authors: G. Dhakad Ganesh , V. Chavan Rohit , A. Patil Paresh
Published: June 2022

Chemotherapy is an important part of treatment for patients with gastric cancer. Although there is no single globally accepted standard of care for patients with advanced disease, regimens typically include a fluoropyrimidine and a platinum compound with or without a third drug (usually epirubicin or docetaxel). Oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, offer clear advantages to patients in terms of convenience, but it is only recently that comprehensive data on their efficacy and safety in patients with gastric cancer have become available. The present article reviews capecitabine in the treatment of advanced and resectable gastric cancer. Ongoing Phase III trials involving capecitabine are also discussed. The data show that capecitabine is now established as an integral part of the multi-agent regimens used in the management of patients with gastric cancers.
Müzik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Çalgı Performansı Özyeterlik Algılarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: PİRLİBEYLİOĞLU Bilge , BILGIN Selçuk
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada müzik öğretmeni adaylarının çalgı performanslarına ilişkin özyeterlik algılarını belirlemek ve çeşitli değişkenler bağlamında incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma 2021-2022 güz yarıyılında dört üniversitenin müzik eğitimi ana bilim dallarında öğrenim görmekte olan katılımcılarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma nicel yöntem içerisinde tarama modeline dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen nicel verilerin analizi sonucunda erkek katılımcıların, kadın katılımcıların ortalamalarına göre daha yüksek özyeterlik algısına sahip oldukları; bireysel çalgısı şan olan katılımcıların ise en yüksek özyeterlik algısı ortalamalarına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının cinsiyetleri, sınıf düzeyleri, bireysel çalgıları ve günlük çalgı çalışma sürelerinin; çalgı performansı özyeterlik algıları üzerinde anlamlı fark yarattığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Procedimentos cirúrgicos na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Monique Pereira da , Lucena Jaciely Gondim Sidrônio de , Albuquerque Adriana Montenegro de , Abrantes Magaly Suênya de Almeida Pinto
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Sumarizar a produção científica sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada entre setembro a novembro de 2020, nas bases de dados PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura LatinoAmericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), por meio do cruzamento dos descritores: “coronavírus and perioperative care”; “coronavírus and operating room nursing”; “perioperative care and operating room nursing”, correlacionados pelo operador booleano “and”. Identificaram-se 858 artigos, 15 contemplaram a amostra. Aplicou-se o nível de evidência científica. Resultados: Destacam-se publicações com aplicação de métodos entre recomendações clínicas, relatos de casos e estudos observacionais, com nível de evidência VI, indexadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). As publicações trazem recomendações acerca da gestão de procedimentos cirúrgicos, recursos humanos e materiais para o funcionamento do centro cirúrgico durante a pandemia. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a possibilidade de limitar os procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, com acesso aos testes rápidos e à efetividade na proteção dos profissionais.
Grounded theory of drinking behavior on male adults
Authors: Yi-Sheng Wang
Published: June 2022

This paper starts from the drinking culture of male adults, and then connects to the macro level of male adults' drinking values and their social context. This study applies grounded theory to conduct grounded field interviews with male adult drinking groups, and carries out open coding, axis coding and selective coding to obtain the meaning of the text. This study contributes to the "grounded theory of male adult drinking behavior" saturated with emergence theory, and puts forward insights into the demand value context path, expectation value context path, and environmental value context path. In the research system of drinking culture, it presents the value and integrity of theoretical views.
Prevention and control of diabetes by intake of succulent biomedicines and following of designed lifestyle: A ready plan for execution
Authors: Shibabrata Pattanayak
Published: June 2022

Background: Diabetes is an important disease without any available medicine to cure it. Lifestyle is having some strong roles in the initiation and progression of the disease. Plant resources are so far studied to get effective medicines for that disease only in their dry state, either directly or on the diluents-extracted sections to identify the active principles to synthesize marketable drugs, but achieved very limited success. The anti-diabetic medicinal plants contain a huge number of phyto-constituents at their succulent stage, all of which can work together when used unaltered for this purpose. Methods: Identification of commonly used anti-diabetic plants from previous reports was targeted to find out a few plants with strong potency for their use as some succulent biomedicines against diabetes. Standardization of a layout for the production of such medicines from these plants was attempted along with a listing of the lifestyle-related factors of diabetes. Result: The succulent plant materials can be encapsulated inside bio-encapsulating materials with bio-preservatives following the standard techniques of drug development with some modifications and can be transported to the patients under a cold chain. A brief list of reported anti-diabetic medicinal plants is added and forty plants are selected for the production of anti-diabetic biomedicines. The layout of all the related techniques is added. The lifestyle-related factors are identified and scopes for their modification are discussed. Conclusion: Triggering of the genetic predisposition for diabetes can be prevented and the severity of the disease can be minimized by incurring some modification in lifestyle and intake of some succulent biomedicine capsules.
Kredit Usaha Rakyat (Kur) Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Bank (Suatu Studi Kasus)
Authors: Dwijatenaya Ida Bagus Made Agung , Alam Bambang Sukma , Darmawati Fitri
Published: June 2022

Â Abstract:This aim of this study was to find out the effect of the effectiveness distribution of Small Businnes Loan Program on the performance in Bank Rakyat Indonesia of Tenggarong Sebarang Branch. The instrument used to assess bank performance is a questionnaire. The sampling technique with the full sampling method. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is the Product Statistics Program and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22.0 for Windows. The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of the distribution of Small Businnes Loan Program was the positively response, is that very good. Respondents' responses to the performance of Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tenggarong Sebarang Branch tend to be positive, which is very good.Â  The effectiveness of Small Businnes Loan Program distribution has a positive and significant effect on the Bank's performance.Â  As stated by the government that the Small Businnes Loan Program program is aimed at improving people's welfare. Therefore, it is recommended that the distribution of Small Businnes Loan Program by the Bank always be improved.Â Keywords : Distribution Effectiveness, Small Businnes Loan Program, Bank Performance
Peran Organizational Learning Dan Intellectual Capital Dalam Menigkatkan Innovation Capability (Studi Pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Tirta Mahakam Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara)
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi , Raharjo Sugeng
Published: June 2022

Abstract:This study examines aspects that contribute to the innovation capability of the Regional Water Supply Company Tirta Mahakam where the antecedent variable is human intellectual property originating from intellectual capital or intelligence capital with intervening organizational learning variables. The object of research in this study was the Regional Water Supply Company Tirta Mahakam Tenggarong. The analytical tool used is the method of structural equation modeling. The findings show that there is a significant influence of organizational learning on innovations capability. While the second finding shows that intellectual capital is not capable of influencing innovations capability.Â Keywords : Innovation capability, intellectual capital dan organizational learning
Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Iklim Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Rimba Raya Lestari Di Kecamatan Loa Kulu
Authors: Sari Katmi , Erwinsyah Erwinsyah , Raharjo Sugeng
Published: June 2022

Abstract:PT. Rimba Raya Lestari is one of the companies engaged in the industry and trade polywood that located in the Yos Sudarso street, Jembayan District Loa Kulu. The problem of compensation where employees feel that during the last two years have never experienced a raise in salary but the ranks of leaders expreinced a salary increase every six months, overtime pay perceived by employees inadequate and not in accordance with overtime hours performed by employees and employee facilities perceived employee has not been able to help employees complete their work within the given deadline.The purpose of this study is to determine, Does Compensation and Work Climate have a simulataneous influence on Spirit At Work At PT. Rimba Raya Lestari In Loa Kulu City, to know, Is The Compensation and Working Climate has Partially influence on Employee Spirit Work At PT. Rimba Raya Lestari In Loa Kulu City.The total population in this study amounted to 1283 people and the sample used amounted to 93 people. Analyzer in this research is T Test and F Test.The results of F test calculation (simultaneous / joint correlation), compensation variable (X1) and work climate (X2) and simultaneously affect pirit At Work, â€œThat, Compensation and Work Climate Variables have a simultaneous influence on Employee Morale At PT. Rimba Raya Lestari In Loa Kulu Cityâ€ Is accepted and proven to be true.From both result of partial correlation test seen the biggest compensation variable compared to work climate variable, so that compensation variable is the most dominant variable affecting morale. From the description, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis in this study â€œThat, Variable Compensation is the most dominant influence on Job Morrum At PT. Rimba Raya Lestari In Loa Kulu Cityâ€ is received and proven by the truth.Â Keywords: Compensation, Working Climate, And Spirit At Work
Millennial Farmer Program Analysis at the North Sumatra Plantation Office
Authors: Hasibuan Elda Anzeli , Nasution Annio Indah Lestari
Published: June 2022

Agriculture is one of the important sectors in the Indonesian economy. Although agriculture plays an important role in Indonesia's economic sector, in the era of rapid modernization, the development of this field still seems to be less effective in utilizing various technologies. However, the number of officials in the agricultural and plantation sectors who are authorized to formulate technical policies, implement policies, conduct assessments and reporting, and manage agriculture and plantations is not proportional to the breadth of distribution in the agricultural sector. in Indonesia. Therefore, the role of farmers and the community is to participate in assisting the Ministry of Agriculture and Plantations in fulfilling their responsibilities and authorities. However, currently there is no application that can really help farmers cultivate their land. From the actual situation in the field, many farmers are still using traditional methods, so agricultural productivity is slow. The presence of millennial farmers offers another option to accelerate farmer regeneration. Millennial farmers are seen as able to connect young farmers with long-term farmers. However, the trend in the field has not seen the special characteristics of millennial farmers. This study aims to describe the main characteristics of millennial farmers and analyze the factors that influence the personality formation of millennial farmers. Factors that have a significant positive effect on the personality formation of millennial farmers are personal characteristics, technical abilities and managerial abilities, while social skills have a negative effect.
Randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce drug misuse and improve inappropriate prescribing in hospitalized patients in province of Al Basra
Authors: Abdulwadood Thikra Etihad , Alradhi Muhannad Salah Hamza
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine if a multimodal pharmacist intervention based on medication review, patient interview, and follow-up can minimize the incidence of pharmaceutical prescribing errors between patients receiving clinical pharmacist intervention and patients receiving just usual care. Method: A randomized, controlled trial of 626 patients aged 62 and older with polypharmacy (five chronic drugs) from a general hospital was conducted. During all scheduled appointments, a clinical pharmacist meets with intervention group patients to assess their drug regimens and provide recommendations to them and their doctors. Prescription appropriateness, drug interaction, adverse drug events, medication compliance and knowledge, number of drugs, patient satisfaction, and physician receptivity were the outcome measures. Result: Inappropriate prescribing scores declined significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.0036) There was no difference between groups at condition of life (P = 0.68). Doctors were more receptive to the intervention and followed clinical pharmacist’s recommendations more frequently than they were for control patients (50.63% versus 49.37%). Conclusion: According to this study, involving clinical pharmacists in discovering and discussing prescription discrepancies reduced medication inconsistencies in the medical record.
Evaluation of medical waste management in Al-Diwaniyah governorate hospitals under the corona pandemic
Authors: Hamlan Razaq Rahi , Jasim Alaa Kadhim , Ibadi Atheer Kadhim
Published: June 2022

Background: Medical waste attracts the world's attention because of its negative effects on the safety of society and the environment. Medical waste management is of great importance due to its infectious and dangerous nature that can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. Objective: To assess the sociodemographic, knowledge and attitudes of health workers, cleaning workers, and medical waste administrators among three different hospitals in the Al diwaniya governorate. Methodology: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey. A self-administered Arabic language questionnaire was employed to identify cases at random. SPSS Version 21 was used for the analysis. Result: knowledge of all healthcare staff about medical waste management (MW) was insufficient, and attitude levels were weak in all three hospitals. Al-Furat hospital cleaners had average knowledge. The percentage of knowledge in the management of Al-Diwaniyah Hospital was zero, while the other two hospitals had an average rate. Health workers with 1 to 5 years of experience in all establishments have the most knowledge about medical waste. Nurses were the most prevalent job title for dealing with waste. The level of knowledge of the administrative staffوhealth worker, and cleaning workers about medical waste was not up to the required level.
Detection of some virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases
Authors: Rashed Esraa Youns , Zaid Basaad Abd
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide variety of clinical diseases, appears as grape like clusters, non-sporing, nonmotile and usually non capsulated bacteria. The current study was carried out from September to December 2021 , in which 61 S. aureus isolated from 150 clinical specimens. It is resistant to most β- lactam   antibiotics due to an alteration in the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that is encoded by the mec genes ,during that can be classified as Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that resistant to a wide range of β-lactam antimicrobial agent due to the presence of the mecA gene  and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) that usually resistant penicillin due to β-lactamases. antibiotic susceptibility of all 61 S. aureus isolates showed resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanic and Cefepime (100%) followed by Cefotaxime(94%) , Azithromycin (80%) and Erythromycin (60.6%) while the Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Imipenem antibiotic gives high sensitivity (100%) followed by Meropenem and Levofloxacin(80%). S. aureus contains many genes which encode the most important  toxin like the tst gene which encode toxic  shock  syndrome  toxin (TSST-1) and luks gene which encode  Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin.
Role of ultrasound in evaluation of nodular thyroid lesions
Authors: Rathore Rajesh , Patel Kundan , Shah Shaishavi , Gupta Akshay , Patel Ashutosh
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Thyroid disorders have become widely prevalent in India. Using latest sonography techniques,  evaluation of thyroid nodule and diagnosing as malignant  without FNAC has risen to 90% specificity.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was done in  100 patients who came to sonography department with clinical suspicion of thyroid nodule. High frequency superficial ultrasound probe is used in this study. The ultrasound characteristics used in our  examination were echogenicity (hypoechoic /isoechoic /hyperechoic) , composition (solid /cystic /mixed /spongiform), margin, shape, echogenic foci as specified by ACR-TIRADS . RESULTS: In this study on 100 patients with thyroid nodules, 34 cases were classified as TIRADS 3, 4 or 5.  From this 30 patients underwent surgical resection of which 30  people had histopathological proved thyroid carcinoma meaning the accuracy of sonography with TIRADS has 90% specificity and 100% sensitivity in diagnosing malignancy.  CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography with ACR TIRADS  scoring is very much helpful tool  in diagnosing malignancy without FNAC is cost effective and easy available modality. In hands of a good sonologist
Higher secondary students’ perception of information and communication technology (ICT)
Authors: Saraswathy R.
Published: June 2022

In the present study the investigators have an attempted to gauge the higher secondary students’ perception of information and communication technology at school level. The sample for the study consisted of 200 plus one students from various higher secondary schools in Salem district. The investigators developed and validator a tool to measure the higher secondary students’ perception of information and communication technology. The data collected from the respondents were analysed by using standard deviation and t test. The findings reveals that the students studying in rural and urban schools are significantly different in their perception of Information and Communication Technology.
Antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts of Batis maritima against animal pathogens
Authors: Adrian Srikishen  , Gomathinayagam Subramanian
Published: June 2022

The increase in resistance of pathogenic fungi towards normal antifungals has led to a decrease in their effectiveness in the treatment of fungal diseases. Therefore, the need for newer forms of treatment is urgent, leading to studies into traditional medicines, specifically those of herbal natures. Batis maritima is one such plant, which has historically been used in herbal remedies for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, many of which are results of fungal pathogens. The focus of this study was therefore to determine the effectiveness of alcoholic extract of leaves of B. maritima as an antifungal agent against two animal pathogens. Crude alcoholic extracts of leaves of B. maritima were prepared in concentrations of 50%, 10% 5% and 1%. These were then subjected to antifungal assays against Aspergillus flavus and Malassezia sp., using the Well Diffusion method. The results of the tests showed Zones of Inhibition of 55.9 ± 3.40 mm, 52.7 ± 1.72 mm and 47.0 ± 3.68 mm, respectively, for the 10% 5% and 1% extracts against A. flavus; no inhibition was seen with the 50% extract concentration. With respect to Malassezia sp., inhibition of 25.3 ± 5.44 mm was observed at 50% extract concentration, with no inhibition at lower concentrations. It may therefore be seen from these findings that alcoholic leaf extracts of B. maritima prove to be effective against A. flavus while lesser effective against Malassezia sp.
Study of the bionomy of the Ephydridae Family (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: June 2022

The larvae of the Ephydridae family feed on decaying plant material, algae, and other microscopic single-celled organisms and do not feed directly on plant tissue. Therefore, the damage they produce is indirect, since they are not phytophagous; but adults are vectors of bacteria, viruses and fungi which are transmitted on plants by perching and supporting their sucking mouthparts (proboscis). Also the larvae, when feeding, ingest spores of fungi or bacteria that then remain in the oral apparatus of the adult, and these, when flying and perching on the plants, transmit diseases. The high rate of reproduction of shore flies can give rise to a swarm of adults, which devalue the plants commercially. The objective of this paper and study of the bionomy of the Family Ephydridae. For this, a bibliographic survey of Ephydridae was carried out in the years 1926 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented in national and international scientific events were considered. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: World and Scielo.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DIÁRIA E MENSAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ÍNDICES CI E PCI
Authors: Siqueira Beatriz , Nery Jonas Teixeira
Published: June 2022

O propósito deste estudo foi analisar a precipitação pluvial diária e mensal da região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto foram utilizadas 83 séries pluviométricas (período 1965 a 2014) distribuídas espacialmente na área de estudo. Foram utilizados dados em ponto de grade, em formato NetCDF. Os arquivos NetCDF possuem informações descritivas sobre os dados que contêm (os chamados metadados). Foram analisados dados de séries pluviométricas em escala diária e mensal e também utilizados dois índices (diário e mensal), que possibilitaram analisar a variabilidade da precipitação na área de estudo. Ocorreu maior concentração de precipitação diária na parte central, da região nordeste, indicando contribuição de precipitação extrema em vários dias para o total de precipitação acumulada durante o ano. No centro e norte da região nordeste, a concentração mensal da precipitação denotou sazonalidade na distribuição das chuvas.
Memory Discourse in the Turkish Contemporary Art Scene in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: CANBULAT Güler
Published: June 2022

While reaching the end of twentieth century, contemporary understanding of space and time began to threaten history’s centralist, linear and causal structure. In the appearingly accelerating and tightening world, the individual feels the need for deceleration and adherence. The perspective offered by history and grand narratives can no longer be adequate for the individuum seeking a sense of identity and belonging. Therefore, the individual clings to his/her verity and thereby his/her memory. In the Turkish contemporary art scene in the late twentieth century, memory became a prevalent discourse as a result of its intersection and overlapping with the contemporary conception of time and space structurally, in their diverse, elusive, inconceivable, multi-dimesional, inter-textual, atemporal, nonlinear, ephemeral, equivocal and paradoxical characteristics. Furthermore, memory works as a language and a manner of expression that contemporary artists of the period put into practice in their art. The deficiencies of memory became its power which response to the zeitgeist of the era and to the search of those artists who express themselves only with the subtle forms of memory.
The Dilemma of Isolation and Emotional Turmoil: the After Effects of the Pandemic
Authors:   Department of English, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh (Punjab), India., Kaur Kuljit
Published: June 2022

Novel Corona Virus Disease popularly known as the COVID 19, has had a significant impact on the lives of people around the world after crossing borders from China. It not only took the life of millions of people but also imparted mental disorders among the population. The phenomenon has led to massive reaction of the public, the news channels providing the live updates has raised the anxiety level of the people by several times, leading to numerous mental health issues among a diverse population. Thus, the paper aims to identify the long-term effects of the pandemic on the population of the world. For the purpose, both primary and secondary sources of data collection were used relying more upon the secondary method. Then a detailed discussion was carried out on the basis of the collected data, and finally the matter has been concluded and constructive recommendation has to improve the mental state of the people in India and globally.
Induced auto-octoploidy in Som, Persea Bombycina (King Ex Hook. F.) Kosterm
Authors: Gogoi S. , Borua Meghali , Rajan R.
Published: June 2022

Presently auto-octoploidy has been induced in an induced auto-tetraploid som, Persea bombycina (2n=24), the principal food plant of muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer), through colchicine treatment (0.5%). Auto-octoploids showed deterioration in almost all the morphological features in contrast to tetraploid which seem to be the optimum ploidy level. Auto–octoploid is highly susceptible to stem diseases and dwarf in growth nature.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among the Managers of Flour Mills Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan: Theory and Practice
Authors: Akhtar Pervez , Kakakhel Shahid Khan
Published: June 2022

The core aim of the study is to explore the know-how and practice about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among the managers of Flour Mills Industry of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Primary data has been collected from a sample of 21 Flour Mills in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through interview technique. The study adopts qualitative approach for investigating the problem. The results show that the management of the industry has somewhat understanding of the concept of CSR. In addition, they demonstrated assertive behavior for executing CSR. However, due to little know-how about CSR on the part of managers, its execution and implementation have not been carried out in an effective and fruitful way. Arranging training for firms employees on CSR, establishing a CSR Unit in the Govt. Industries department for making CSR policies and coordinating with the firms and government legislation for practicing CSR are some of the recommendations of the study.
Changing Dynamics of Uzbekistan’s Foreign Policy Under Shavkat Mirziyoyev:
Authors: Adam Saud
Published: June 2022

Uzbekistan holds a central position in the political, economic, security and demographic structure of the Central Asian region. Without the cooperation of Tashkent, efforts for regional integration have failed during the past. The first president Islam Karimov, who ruled the country for 25 years 1991-2016, was reluctant to integrate Uzbek economy to regional and global markets. Uzbekistan had one or the other issue with all its neighboring states, thus hindering prospects for the regional cooperation and integration. However, the new president Shavkat Mirziyoyev is proactive towards regional integration. He is following a policy of ‘Central Asia First’ which has warmly been welcomed by all the regional states. The process of regional integration has also been facilitated by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of China as well as Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) in the form of development of physical infrastructural and transportation network.

Objectives of this research are; to look into the dynamics of Central Asian region; to understand the central position of Uzbekistan in the region; to explore the areas of convergence for the regional states; and to analyze the prospects for regional economic integration after change in Uzbekistan’s leadership. This research aims to address the questions such as: What is the future economic potential of Central Asia? How the foreign policy of Uzbekistan has influenced the regional dynamics under Islam Karimov? 

What are the impacts of Belt and Road Initiative and CAREC in Central Asian region? And with the recent change in Uzbekistan, what are the evolving prospects for regional economic integration in Central Asia? This research is primarily descriptive, exploratory, and analytical in nature. It relies on both primary (including interviews with Uzbek embassy officials and official data) and secondary sources.
China-Russia Strategic Condominium
Authors: Muhammad Akram Zaheer  , Yasmin Roofi
Published: June 2022

China and Russia, two major regional political actors, regard the Eurasia core as their strategic backyard. The regional ambitions of these two powers are a threat in a new era of competition or possible cooperation in the Eurasian region. China is using the economic potential of ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) in order to integrate Eurasia as its heartland, while Russia has formed the ‘European Economic Union’ (EEU) with hopes of establishing a power bloc. This article is an attempt to underscore the potential of these formations and their consequences for the geopolitics of Eurasia. The subject of this research is to elucidate the context of OBOR and EEU, the major regional projects in the region, and their consequences for the Eurasian region.
New Cold War
Authors: Faiza Bashir  , Noreen Naseer
Published: June 2022

This paper explores Pakistan and Russia building relations at the backdrop of New Cold War in the South Asia. It argues and justifies that competing and rival groups in the present international system are forcing states to build new alliances. Hence, Pakistan’s new collaborative strategy of allying itself with Russia is due to several political and economic developments amongst its immediate neighbors in the region. While Russia, a former super power is trying to revive its role in the region is also looking for new partners with converging interests to deal with its security issues at home. Both states can benefit from the new partnership if they properly use their strength and capabilities in the region. The article also argues that how certain changes are forcing both Pakistan and Russia to revisit their foreign policies, thus indicating a beginning of the “New Cold War” in the South Asia.
The Social Implications of the United States’ Invasion of Afghanistan for Waziristan
Authors: Habib Ullah  , Khalil Hanif
Published: June 2022

The tragic event of 9/11 and the subsequent US-led NATO Forces attack on Afghanistan left tremendous impacts on the Pashtun community living across the Pak-Afghan border. Owing to its immediate proximity and porous border with Afghanistan the tribal areas of Pakistan in general, and Waziristan in particular became a sanctuary for Taliban. The ensuing war between the State and non-State actors has scores of impacts on the region such as economic, political and cultural. This paper, however, due to space limitations, only explores some of the major social institutions of Waziristan such as the tribal Maliks (influential tribal chiefs), Jirga system (council of tribal elders), Lashkar (volunteer tribal militia) and Hujra (male community centre) that have been seriously undermined after the US invasion of Afghanistan and its spill-over effects on the region. Unlike most of the contemporary studies, that attribute the current social disruption in Waziristan to the so-called Pashtun’s cultural violence or their religiosity, this paper attempts to investigate the problem in quite a new perspective. It argues that the current disruption in the social institutions of Waziristan is due to the alignment between Washington and Islamabad and the pursuit of their respective geopolitical interests in this tribal periphery.
US-India Strategic Alliance and CPEC ‘The Game Changer’: Prospects for Pakistan and Russian Cooperation
Authors: Saud Adam , Arif Kinza
Published: June 2022

South Asia equally occupies the title of the most sensitive region of the world. Regional politics is heavily governed under the principle of Balance of Power, where a continuous struggle to attain power persists amidst all the actors to ensure their state survival. A pragmatic shift in the regional politics has led to emergence of new alliances as Pak-Russian interests have coincided. Though Russia enjoys a strategic relationship with India, the Indo-U.S. nexus paves the way for Russia to extend its relations with Pakistan. Post 9/11 Russia has realized the strategic importance of Pakistan as a pivotal player towards achieving regional peace and security. The dwindling U.S. relations with Pakistan dictates latter’s policies to adopt enhanced bilateral relations with Russia and China. The extension of Pak-Russian relations will provide the latter to maintain its control over the Central Asian states, and provides Moscow with the wild card to counter Indian strategic tilt towards the U.S. CPEC initiative serves as a pivotal forum to further strengthen Pak-Russian relations and aid in development of mutual trust and cooperation. Creating a win-win situation for both actors to pursue and extend their strategic interests.

This paper provides a qualitative analysis of the regional implications which are subtly governing the newly established relations while attempting to address the regional attributes which influence the newly established relations between Pakistan and Russia. Primarily, it focuses upon the economic and strategic interests of both states and how they align together according to the current regional scenarios. Apart from that, it also analyzes the interests of the US which exercise major influence over the regional states such as India and Afghanistan. Three questions are addressed to establish an understanding behind this cooperation which deems to be fruitful for both the states. These include how the existing Indo-US nexus contributes towards this strategic shift of partnership between Pakistan and Russia?  How Indo-Afghan nexus is against Pakistani interest? And prospects for Russian connectivity with South and West Asia through China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
An Analysis of Conflict between Pashto and Dari Languages of Afghanistan
Authors: Dinakhel Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2022

Since the establishment of Afghanistan State, Dari (dialect of Persian) has remained its dominant and official language. However, in twentieth century, some measures were taken for the development of Pashto language followed by declaration of Pashto as official language in 1936. For the first time a dialect of Persian spoken in Afghanistan was officially renamed as Dari in the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan. In this constitution as well as in the current constitution of 2004 both of the languages were declared as official languages. Since the emergence of Pashto as official language, a rivalry and linguistic divergence created between the two languages and their respective ethnic groups. As a result of this rivalry an ethnic and linguistic consciousness emerged which led to discussions about language planning policies.

This research article discovers historical evolution and reasons for this linguistic divergence and its implications on future nation building in Afghanistan. It also explores historical development of  status, planning and policies regarding these two languages for better understanding of the linguistic divergence and rivalry. Furthermore, the study proposes options for accommodation of different languages through cultural harmonization and multiculturalism.
The Language of War: Loss Gain Metaphorical Framing in the Context of the War on Terror
Authors: Ahmad Shuja
Published: June 2022

War has always been an important issue in philosophy. Very many philosophers have discussed different aspects of war. This paper, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as theoretical frame work, focuses on the language of war. It discusses ‘War is Business’ metaphor that ensues Loss Gain framing - informing public/audience that going into conflict/war is gain and not going is loss; winning war is gain and losing war is loss; status quo is risk; enemy’s loss is our gain and our gain is enemy’s loss. Moreover, helping the refugees and providing aid to the victims is narrated as, Corporate Social Responsibility. Loss gain framing, like other framings, blocks criticism on the pretext that critics don’t want our gain and if we accept their arguments then there would be losses. This paper explains the way loss gain framing works in times of war and conflict. It focuses on the way this framing was instrumental in the context of the War on Terror in Afghanistan. The argument is: in the context of 9/11 leaders of both sides, especially Tony Blair, defined and framed the War on Terror in a way that it appeared that not going into war would entail great future losses.