bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miniscope Imaging of Nucleus Accumbens Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats: Virus Injection, Gradient Index Lens Implantation, Recording Strategies, and Analytical Methods
Authors: Beacher Nicholas J. , Wang Michael W. , Broomer Matthew C. , Kuo Jessica Y. , Washington Kayden A. , Targum Miranda , Zhang Yan , Barbera Giovanni , Lin Da‐Ting
Published: January 2025

In vivo calcium imaging in freely moving rats using miniscopes provides valuable information about the neural mechanisms of behavior in real time. A gradient index (GRIN) lens can be implanted in deep brain structures to relay activity from single neurons. While such procedures have been successful in mice, few reports provide detailed procedures for successful surgery and long‐term imaging in rats, which are better suited for studying complex human behaviors. We present a robotic surgical protocol for same‐day virus injection and GRIN lens implantation into the rat nucleus accumbens core. Our procedure utilizes a direct lens insertion without tissue aspiration and produces quality image retention for months of recording. We also describe daily recording strategies to minimize damage and promote long‐term imaging. Finally, we present custom protective strategies to eliminate the need to remove miniscopes between sessions. This methodology protects rats from repeated isoflurane exposure and ensures a consistent focal plane for the entirety of the experiment. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Craniotomy

Basic Protocol 2: Virus injection

Basic Protocol 3: GRIN lens implantation

Basic Protocol 4: Baseplate mounting and assessment of the anesthetized rat

Basic Protocol 5: Assessment of the awake, behaving rat

Support Protocol 1: Protective miniscope cone fabrication

Support Protocol 2: Miniscope cable fabrication
Don't you forget about me! Concepts missing from policy process frameworks when applied to Europe
Authors: Zohlnhöfer Reimut , Herweg Nicole
Published: January 2025

Most policy process frameworks were developed in the US but are also applied to (Western) Europe. However, policy processes, the relevant actors, and the institutional setting differ substantially. Hence, the question arises if certain concepts that are important in the European context are missing from the frameworks and if the frameworks have been adapted to take these concepts into account. We discuss the three frameworks most widely applied to Europe, the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Multiple Streams Framework, and the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory, and focus on three concepts that seem particularly relevant in shaping European policy processes, namely political parties, macro‐level institutions, and Europeanization. It turns out that all three frameworks have something to say about all three concepts, although some voids remain. Nonetheless, the adaptations that have been suggested make all three frameworks applicable to European countries and promise substantial explanatory capacity also in these contexts.
Coupling Coefficient‐Based Damage Evaluation Method of Precast Unbonded Post‐Tensioned (UPT) Shear Wall Structures
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Gu Anqi , Kurata Masahiro , Huang Jiantao , Xie Jin‐Zhe
Published: January 2025

This research presents a damage evaluation method proposed for structures with precast unbonded post‐tensioned (UPT) shear walls using the concept of coupling coefficient. The proposed method considers the damage mechanism of the entire structure with damaged UPT shear walls, including the detachment of wall bases, yielding of dampers and UPT bars, yielding of beams or columns, concrete crushing, and so on. The contributions of frames and walls to structural seismic performance can be estimated separately by introducing wall and structure damage parameters. An accidental torsion parameter was proposed to reflect out‐of‐plane structural rotation. A two‐story, low‐damage concrete shear wall building designed for large‐scale shaking‐table testing is adopted as a benchmark structure to verify the proposed method. First, a three‐dimensional finite element model of the benchmark structure was constructed, and the damage and accidental torsion parameter curves were derived using static analysis. Limit values of the damage parameters for the design and collapse limit states are obtained from the parameter curves calculated by simulation and the proposed equations, respectively. Then, incremental dynamic analysis with bidirectional ground motion inputs was conducted to check the damage evaluation performance at various damage levels and compare with conventional evaluation method based on the inter‐story drift. The proposed method is validated to be systematic, detailed, and sensitive to damage.
Hot‐Particle Ignition of Typical Fuels in the Wildland‐Urban Interface and Subsequent Fire Behaviors
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Wang Supan , Huang Xinyan
Published: January 2025

The hot‐particle ignition is a common cause of wildland and building fires. This study investigates the ignition of three typical fuels (straw, pine needles, and cotton) in the wildland‐urban interface (WUI) by a hot metal particle of different temperatures and void ratios. In the absence of wind, the ignition of cotton is the easiest, where a flame occurs directly without clear smoldering. As the particle becomes hollow, the required minimum particle temperature for igniting cotton becomes smaller, because of a longer contact time between particle and fuel surface. Once ignited, the flaming of cotton is the weakest, with a mass loss of less than 25% because of an intensive charring. The burning of straw and pine needles is intense, with a large flame height and very little residue. Materials with finer and thinner structure like cotton are easy to initiate a flame by a hot particle while hard to sustain smoldering ignition. The hollow‐structure or large‐porosity materials like straw are prone to smoldering ignition under a weaker spot heating source. The fast‐cooling void particles cannot induce a smoldering ignition of all three WUI fuels, because smoldering ignition requires a longer effective heating duration. This study helps understand the ignition propensity of WUI fuels by a hot particle and the subsequent flame‐spread and burning process, which supports the fire protection design for WUI communities.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure: Continued Evolution and Opportunities to Deliver Greater Value
Authors: Lamb Michael
Published: January 2025

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has become the standard metering technology for electric utilities across the US, with over 128 million electric AMI meters deployed through 2023.1 Additionally, millions of natural gas and water meters are being upgraded to AMI as technology has improved and the business case has become stronger. This technology allows utilities to collect meter reading data remotely while also offering various operational and customer benefits through the process automation and data AMI provides. Despite the stated benefits and steady proliferation of AMI, utilities have received criticism in recent years for their AMI deployments failing to deliver on the benefits projected through business cases and regulatory filings, leading to increased pressure from regulators and advocacy groups to prove the value of AMI.2 As utilities across the country seek to deploy AMI successfully for the first time, evaluate ways to deliver more value from their existing AMI assets, or look to replace their aging AMI systems, it will be crucial that they take stock of the current state of AMI and avoid the common pitfalls of past deployments.
Exchange Rate Policies and USA–China Trade Balance
Authors: Bertsatos Georgios , Tsounis Nicholas , Agiomirgianakis George
Published: January 2025

We investigate the effects of the real exchange rate on the trade balance between the USA and China by using a median threshold in non‐linear modelling, controlling for several factors. Non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models are estimated with zero threshold, as well as with median threshold, and this is the first time in the USA–China literature of balance of trade. Quarterly data are employed, and the examined sample covers the period 1995–2023. It appears that the threshold choice matters when it comes to policy implications. Specifically, NARDL with the conventional zero‐threshold analysis could lead to misleading policy proposals, especially when there are strongly unequal probabilities in the USD appreciation and depreciation regime. In our case, the traditional analysis based on zero threshold leads to diametrically opposite policy suggestions of what the alternative methodology of median threshold would suggest. We find that a nominal USD appreciation suggests a perpetual improvement of the US trade balance, and such an improvement could be further magnified if the US prices increase more rapidly than China's prices (e.g., as in the period from 2020 onwards). Evidence also shows that the US balance of trade could be temporarily benefitted by medium or large USD depreciations in real terms, and such an improvement could be notably facilitated when the US–China prices’ differential is downward sloping (e.g., as in the 2006–2019 period).
Gluten‐free diet during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Reijonen Johanna Kristiina , Tihtonen Kati Maaria Hannele , Luukkaala Tiina Hannele , Uotila Jukka Tapio
Published: January 2025

Objective

A gluten‐free diet (GFD) is becoming increasingly popular, especially among young females, and including those without diagnosed celiac disease (CD). Whether a GFD is appropriate during pregnancy remains unclear. Our primary aim was to evaluate the association of a GFD and neonatal birthweight and incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA). Secondarily, we sought associations with other obstetric outcomes.

Methods

The data was collected retrospectively from the Tampere University Hospital database. The study period was from January 2015 to April 2021. The diet information was obtained from self‐reported questionnaires. All women following a GFD were included. A total of 79 had CD and 291 followed a GFD without CD diagnosis. The latter are referred to here as people without CD avoiding gluten (PWAG). A total of 456 omnivores were randomly chosen to constitute a control group. Outcomes were analyzed by comparing gluten‐free groups to a control group.

Results

The median birth weight was higher in the GFD group compared to the controls (3533 vs. 3440 g, P < 0.003), but the incidences of SGA or LGA did not differ between the study groups. The incidence of pregnancy complications was comparable between the groups. Induction of labor was more frequent (aOR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12–2.08), and the duration of labor was longer (aOR1.56; 95% CI: 1.18–2.06) in the GFD group, especially among PWAG. However, no difference in the cesarean section rate were found between the groups.

Conclusion

In the present retrospective cohort study, a GFD did not appear to be associated with adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes.
ESFCU‐Net: A Lightweight Hybrid Architecture Incorporating Self‐Attention and Edge Enhancement Mechanisms for Enhanced Polyp Image Segmentation
Authors: Yang Wenbin , Chang Xin , Guo Xinyue
Published: January 2025

Early detection of polyps during endoscopy reduces the risk of malignancy and facilitates timely intervention. Precise polyp segmentation during endoscopy aids clinicians in identifying polyps, playing a vital role in the clinical prevention of malignancy. However, due to considerable differences in the size, color, and morphology of polyps, the resemblance between polyp lesions and their background, and the impact of factors like lighting changes, low‐contrast areas, and gastrointestinal contents during image acquisition, accurate polyp segmentation remains a challenging issue. Additionally, most existing methods require high computational power, which restricts their practical application. Our objective is to develop and test a new lightweight polyp segmentation architecture. This paper presents a hybrid lightweight architecture called ESFCU‐Net that combines self‐attention and edge enhancement to address these challenges. The model comprises an encoder‐decoder and an improved fire module (ESF module), which can learn both local and global information, reduce information loss, maintain computational efficiency, enhance the extraction of critical features in images, and includes a coordinate attention mechanism in each skip connection to suppress background interference and minimize spatial information loss. Extensive validation on two public datasets (Kvasir‐SEG and CVC‐ClinicDB) and one internal dataset reveals that this network exhibits strong learning performance and generalization capabilities, significantly enhances segmentation accuracy, surpasses existing segmentation methods, and shows potential for clinical application. The code for our work and more technical details can be found at https://github.com/aaafoxy/ESFCU‐Net.git.
Neuronal Imaging at 8‐Bit Depth to Combine High Spatial and High Temporal Resolution With Acquisition Rates Up To 40 kHz
Authors: Abbas Fatima , İpek Ömer Yusuf , Moreau Philippe , Canepari Marco
Published: January 2025

A challenge in neuroimaging is acquiring frame sequences at high temporal resolution from the largest possible number of pixels. Measuring 1%–10% fluorescence changes normally requires 12‐bit or higher bit depth, constraining the frame size allowing imaging in the kHz range. We resolved Ca2+ or membrane potential signals from cell populations or single neurons in brain slices by acquiring fluorescence at 8‐bit depth and by binning pixels offline, achieving unprecedented frame sizes at kHz rates. In hippocampal slices stained with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo‐4 AM, we resolved transients at 2 kHz from large frames. Along the apical dendrite of a layer‐5 pyramidal neuron, we measured Ca2+ signals associated with a back‐propagating action potential at 10 kHz. Finally, in the axon initial segment of the same cell type, we recorded an action potential at 40 kHz by voltage‐sensitive dye imaging. This approach unlocks the potential for a range of imaging measurements.
The Reliability and Construct Validity of a Single‐Item Assessment of Suicidal Ideation Among Patients With Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Joiner Thomas E. , Robison Morgan , Manwaring Jamie , Rienecke Renee D. , Le Grange Daniel , Duffy Alan , Mehler Philip S. , Blalock Dan V.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Single‐item questionnaire assessments may be summarily dismissed by some, but it is unclear if this is warranted. We suggest here that the answer to that question depends on their reliability and construct validity. Reliability of a single‐item index cannot be assessed via indices like coefficient alpha, but it can be addressed otherwise; construct validity can be assessed as it would be with any other quantitative index.

Methods

In 489 patients with mood and anxiety disorders, we examined the Beck Depression Inventory Item 9's (BDI‐Item 9) test‐retest coefficient, and its validity, in part via invariance analyses. More specifically regarding invariance analyses, we determined whether a covariance structure including a multi‐item assessment of suicidal ideation was invariant with a similar structure using a single‐item assessment of suicidal ideation instead.

Results

Reasonably supportive evidence emerged for the reliability and construct validity of this specific one‐item index.

Conclusions

The BDI‐Item 9 can reliably assess suicidal ideation when data lack multi‐item assessments.
Pollen Diversity in the Tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) and Its Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Atazadeh Neda , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh
Published: January 2025

The Cardueae with about 74 genera and 2500 species is one of the largest tribes of the family Asteraceae. The taxonomy of the Cardueae is complicated and unresolved, as it contains the largest and most diverse genera. The main distribution centers of the Cardueae are in the eastern and western Mediterranean, the western Irano‐Turanian region, central Asia, and North Africa. Using pollen morphology can be a useful tool for the identification and delimitation of Cardueae taxa. Therefore, the current study aims to describe the pollen types of tribe Cardueae based on pollen features. Furthermore, the study addresses the relationships among the genera and species based on palynological features as well as species delimitation based on pollen morphology. Pollen morphology of 39 species of Cardueae distributed in 28 genera was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, statistical analyses and various clustering and ordination methods were provided for palynological data. Based on these results, the members of nine subtribes of Cardueae showed overlap in palynological data. This extreme heterogeneity of relationships among the taxa of tribe Cardueae could be attributed to the large number of taxa and their high morphological diversity. However, suitable palynological features were distinguished for taxonomic differentiation among the species of Cardueae, including pollen shape, size, polar axis to equatorial diameter ratio [P/E], exine sculpture, and spine size. Consequently, six pollen types were identified in the studied taxa of Cardueae.
On the Multigraph Overfull Conjecture
Authors: Plantholt Michael J. , Shan Songling
Published: January 2025

A subgraph of a multigraph is overfull if Analogous to the Overfull Conjecture proposed by Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986, Stiebitz et al. formed the multigraph version of the conjecture as follows: Let be a multigraph with maximum multiplicity and maximum degree . Then has chromatic index if and only if contains no overfull subgraph. In this paper, we prove the following three results toward the Multigraph Overfull Conjecture for sufficiently large and even , where . (1) If is ‐regular with , then has a 1‐factorization. This result also settles a conjecture of the first author and Tipnis from 2001 up to a constant error in the lower bound of . (2) If contains an overfull subgraph and , then , where is the fractional chromatic index of . (3) If the minimum degree of is at least for any and contains no overfull subgraph, then . The proof is based on the decomposition of multigraphs into simple graphs and we prove a slightly weaker version of a conjecture due to the first author and Tipnis from 1991 on decomposing a multigraph into constrained simple graphs. The result is also of independent interest.
Development of a Mouse Model of Enthesis‐Specific NF‐κB Activation
Authors: Sup McKenzie E. , Abraham Adam C. , Kim Min Kyu M. , Thomopoulos Stavros
Published: January 2025

Enthesitis, or inflammation specific to sites in the body where tendon inserts into bone, can arise in isolated joints from overuse or in multiple joints as a complication of an autoimmune condition such as psoriatic arthritis or spondyloarthritis. However, the pathogenesis of enthesitis is not well understood, so treatment strategies are limited. A clinically relevant animal model of enthesitis would allow investigators to determine mechanisms driving the disease and evaluate novel therapies. Therefore, we developed a murine model of inducible enthesis‐specific inflammation by constitutively activating the NF‐κB pathway in Gli1+ cells. Gli1CreERT mice were crossed with IKKβ‐overexpression mice and given tamoxifen injections 5 days postnatally to induce enthesitis. Sixteen weeks of IKKβ overexpression in enthesis cells led to impaired mechanical properties, subtle histologic changes, and changes to expression of extracellular matrix‐ and inflammation‐related genes. Increased loading from treadmill overuse activity did not exacerbate this phenotype. Clinical significance: The new murine model may have utility for studying the pathogenesis of enthesitis and approaches to treat the condition.
Non‐Invasive Anatomical Level Cerebrovascular Imaging of Mice Using Diffusion Model‐Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Wu Huijie , He Yufang , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Peng , Song Fan , Ma Chenbin , Cai Ruxin , Zhang Guanglei
Published: January 2025

In vivo fluorescence imaging, particularly indocyanine green (ICG)‐based imaging, has gained traction for cerebrovascular imaging due to its real‐time dynamics, free radiation, and accessibility. However, the presence of the scalp and skull significantly hampers imaging quality, often necessitating invasive procedures or biotoxic probes to achieve adequate depth and resolution. This limitation restricts the broader clinical/preclinical application of fluorescence imaging techniques. To address this, a novel approach is introduced that utilizes deep learning techniques to enhance ICG‐based imaging, achieving high‐resolution cerebrovascular imaging without invasive methods or biotoxic probes. By leveraging diffusion models, a connection between trans‐scalp (TS) and trans‐cranial (TC) ICG fluorescence images are establish in the latent space. This allows the transformation of blurred TS images into high‐resolution images resembling TC images. Notably, intracerebral vascular structures and microvascular branches are unambiguously observed, achieving an anatomical resolution of 20.1 µm and a 1.7‐fold improvement in spatial resolution. Validation also in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion demonstrates effective and sensitive identification of ischemic stroke sites. This advancement offers a non‐invasive, cost‐efficient alternative to current expensive imaging methods, paving the way for more advanced fluorescence imaging techniques.
The potency of aloe emodin‐loaded nanoparticles in conjunction with IFN‐γ for the pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells with class II transactivator silence to alleviate severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zou Yu , Qin Qin , Song Xiaoshuang , Deng Yuchuan , Liu Simeng , Liu Huimin , Jiang Ailing , Wang Mao , Song Yiran , Yang Dujiang , Lu Huimin , Jiang Kun , Yao Qian , Zheng Yu
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a moderate impact on the therapy of severe acute pancreatitis. This study seeks to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs. By preconditioning them via the upregulation of critical anti‐inflammatory molecules, so diminishing immune rejection, we are creating a path for more effective treatments. Aloe emodin (AE), a natural active monomer with low‐toxicity, in conjunction with interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) (I‐AE), markedly upregulated immunosuppressive molecules indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and programmed cell death‐Ligand 1 in MSCs, thereby pharmacologically modulating the inhibition of CD4 − T cell activation in vitro effectively. Transient transfection of small interfering RNA silenced the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene expression of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) interfering with human leukocyte antigen class II expression to avert immune rejection. AE‐loaded nanoparticles efficiently maintained proliferation inhibition of MSCs within a manageable range by sustained release. UMSCs pretreated by I‐AE with CIITA silencing preserved pancreatic structure as evidenced by diminished acinar cell death, reduced pancreatic edema and inflammation, and significantly lowered serum amylase levels The encouraging potential of UMSCs with CIITA gene silencing combined with AE and IFN‐γ pretreatment offers optimism for clinical application in pancreatitis therapy.
Omnichannel Reconfiguration Capabilities in Franchising: A Meso‐Foundations Analysis
Authors: Ghantous Nabil , Chaney Damien , Chameroy Fabienne , Jeanpert Sophie , Schultz Maryline
Published: January 2025

With the rise of digitalization, retailing and services organizations are increasingly shifting towards omnichannel strategies, seeking to offer seamless service experiences across multiple channels. While extant research highlights that organizations adopting omnichannel strategies must undergo deep transformation, there is a dearth of research on omnichannel reconfiguration in franchising. However, omnichannel reconfiguration could be more complex in decentralized networks such as franchised ones, marked by franchisee autonomy and a subtle balance that ensures collaborative entrepreneurship while avoiding intra‐brand competition. This research addresses this gap by adopting a dynamic capabilities perspective and investigating the meso‐foundations of omnichannel reconfiguration. Seven case studies with French franchise networks reveal three classes of meso‐level reconfiguration capabilities, related to learning, change management, and governance capabilities. The case studies also uncover how the foundations and role of the three classes of capabilities vary in terms of how franchise networks sense omnichannel opportunities, seize them, and transform to leverage them.
TDP‐43 Cryptic RNAs in Perry Syndrome: Differences across Brain Regions and TDP‐43 Proteinopathies
Authors: Pickles Sarah R. , Gonzalez Bejarano Jesus , Narayan Anand , Daughrity Lillian , Maroto Cidfuentes Candela , Reeves Madison M. , Yue Mei , Castellanos Otero Paula , Estades Ayuso Virginia , Dunmore Judy , Song Yuping , Tong Jimei , DeTure Michael , Rawlinson Bailey , Castanedes‐Casey Monica , Dulski Jaroslaw , Cerquera‐Cleves Catalina , Zhang Yongjie , Josephs Keith A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Petrucelli Leonard , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Prudencio Mercedes
Published: January 2025

Background

Perry syndrome (PS) is a rare and fatal hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in dynactin (DCTN1). PS brains accumulate inclusions positive for ubiquitin, transactive‐response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43), and to a lesser extent dynactin.

Objectives

Little is known regarding the contributions of TDP‐43, an RNA binding protein that represses cryptic exon inclusion, in PS. Therefore, we sought to identify the degree of TDP‐43 dysfunction in two regions of PS brains.

Methods

We evaluated the levels of insoluble pTDP‐43 and TDP‐43‐regulated cryptic RNAs and protein in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra of 7 PS cases, 12 cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP‐43 pathology, and 11 cognitively healthy controls without TDP‐43 pathology.

Results

Insoluble pTDP‐43 protein levels were detected in PS brains to a similar extent in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra but lower than those in FTLD brains. The caudate nucleus of PS showed accumulation of eight TDP‐43‐regulated cryptic RNAs (ACTL6B, CAMK2B, STMN2, UNC13A, KCNQ2, ATG4B, GPSM2, and HDGFL2) and cryptic protein (HDGFL2) characteristic of FTLD. Conversely, only one cryptic target, UNC13A, reached significance in the substantia nigra despite similar pTDP‐43 levels.

Conclusion

We detected TDP‐43 cryptic RNAs and protein in PS caudate nucleus. Given the importance of cryptic exon biology in the development of biomarkers, and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, it is imperative we understand the consequences of TDP‐43 dysfunction across different brain regions and determine the targets that are specific and common to TDP‐43 proteinopathies. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Proteomics: An In‐Depth Review on Recent Technical Advances and Their Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Liang Jing , Tian Jundan , Zhang Huadong , Li Hua , Chen Lixia
Published: January 2025

Proteins hold pivotal importance since many diseases manifest changes in protein activity. Proteomics techniques provide a comprehensive exploration of protein structure, abundance, and function in biological samples, enabling the holistic characterization of overall changes in organisms. Nowadays, the breadth of emerging methodologies in proteomics is unprecedentedly vast, with constant optimization of technologies in sample processing, data collection, data analysis, and its scope of application is steadily transitioning from the bench to the clinic. Here, we offer an insightful review of the technical developments in proteomics and its applications in biomedicine over the past 5 years. We focus on its profound contributions in profiling disease spectra, discovering new biomarkers, identifying promising drug targets, deciphering alterations in protein conformation, and unearthing protein–protein interactions. Moreover, we summarize the cutting‐edge technologies and potential breakthroughs in the proteomics pipeline and provide the principal challenges in proteomics. Based on these, we aspire to broaden the applicability of proteomics and inspire researchers to enhance our understanding of complex biological systems by utilizing such techniques.
Stabilization of a Semilinear Wave Equation With Time‐Dependent Variable Coefficients and a Time Varying Delay on the Viscoelastic Boundary
Authors: Li Sheng‐Jie , Chai Shugen
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the stabilization of a semilinear wave equation with time‐dependent variable coefficients and nonlinear delay on the memory‐type boundary, subject to nonlinear boundary dissipation. The existence of weak solution is obtained by means of Faedo‐Galerkin approximation and denseness argument. We employ the Riemannian geometry method and convex properties to establish the asymptotic decay rates for the energy. This is achieved through an intrinsic algorithm driven by solutions of an ODE. Moreover, we explore two simple models that aim to contribute to the understanding of how the boundary memory works. Additionally, we give an example of the vector field used to construct geometric multipliers under semilinear conditions.
Electrically Tunable Substrate Integrated Waveguide Equalizer With Stable Insertion Loss in High Frequency
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Xing Fei , Peng Hao , Xue Na , Qi Ziyan , Liu Yu , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Yang Tao
Published: January 2025

In this letter, a novel design for an electrically tunable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) equalizer that maintains a stable insertion loss at high frequencies, is proposed. The SIW equalizer is composed of various parallel units consisting of microwave resistor (R) and varactor diode (C). Different resistance and capacitance values, forming a complex impedance, are achieved through PIN and varactor diodes under different DC biases, respectively. It results in greater losses in the low‐frequency range compared to the high‐frequency range, achieving an equalization effect. Moreover, because ideal capacitors do not contribute to signal loss, the loss in the high‐frequency range remains minimal and stable under certain conditions. Experimental results indicate that the equalization range in the Ku‐band is 0.30–9.75 dB with a DC voltage range of 0–4 V, and the insertion loss change in the high‐frequency band is only 0.5 dB. For the equalizer operating in the Ka‐band, within a DC voltage range of 6–14 V, the equalization range is 0.30–16.60 dB, with a change in insertion loss of only 0.12 dB at high frequencies. The return losses of equalizers are all better than −12.4 dB and −11.6 dB, respectively, in Ku‐ and Ka‐band.
Monitoring of the Curing Process for Lining Materials Based on Terahertz Time‐Domain Reflective Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Siyi , Yan Wenhui , Ju Yiran , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yuping , Wei Zhiyong , Xu Jing , Zhao Yuejin , Zhang Cunlin , Zhang Zhenwei
Published: January 2025

As a bonding material for bonding the shell and propellant in the combustion chamber of solid rocket motor, the liner plays a protective role for the engine. Only when the liner is in a “semi‐solidified state” can the charge quality be guaranteed, and it is easy to cause the phenomenon of unstable bonding interface if the charge is loaded too early or too late. Therefore, noncontact monitoring of the gradual solidification process of the material from liquid state can prevent the problems of unstable bonding interface and significantly improve the safety of solid rocket motors. In this paper, the reflective terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy technology is used to monitor the curing process of lining materials, extract the refractive index spectra of samples with different curing degrees, establish the relationship between refractive index and curing reaction time, and compare it with the material loss factor obtained by rheometer to establish the correlation between refractive index and material loss factor. The experimental results show that the refractive index decreases gradually during the curing process, and the correlation coefficient between the refractive index and material loss factor is higher than 0.9. With the curing reaction, the refractive index can accurately reflect the curing process of polyurethane materials. This study provides an effective means for monitoring the curing process of lining materials.
In vivo GABA detection by single‐pulse editing with one shot
Authors: An Li , Hong Sungtak , Turon Tara , Pavletic Adriana , Johnson Christopher S. , Derbyshire John A. , Shen Jun
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Two‐shot γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) difference editing techniques have been used widely to detect the GABA H4 resonance at 3.01 ppm. Here, we introduce a single‐shot method for detecting the full GABA H2 resonance signal, which avoids contamination from the coedited M3.00 macromolecules.

Methods

Density matrix simulation was conducted to optimize the pulse‐sequence timing, aiming to reduce the interfering glutamate H4 signal and minimize the correlation between glutamate and GABA arising from spectral overlap. The optimized sequence was used to acquire MR spectroscopy data from a 14‐mL voxel in the anterior cingulate cortex of 6 healthy participants. 1H–MRS experiments following the oral administration of [U‐13C]glucose were also conducted.

Results

The GABA H2 peak was consistently observed in all participants. The GABA/creatine ratios in the participants were determined to be 0.07 ± 0.01 with Cramer‐Rao lower bounds of 8.0% ± 2.2%. Spectra acquired following [U‐13C]glucose intake demonstrated the feasibility of using GABA H2 as a highly sensitive reporter for GABA C2.

Conclusion

The proposed single‐shot GABA editing method effectively minimizes interference from the glutamate H4 signal in the detection of the full GABA H2 signal, which resonates at a spectral region with much reduced macromolecule contamination.
Spiro‐Ometad As A Promising Substrate In Biomedical Devices
Authors: Titze Lisa , Cadamuro Francesca , Murenu Nicoletta , Akbari Raziyeh , Pellegrino Luca , Capitani Giancarlo , Acciarri Maurizio , Antonini Carlo , Russo Laura , Manfredi Norberto
Published: January 2025

Bioactive films composed of Spiro‐OMeTAD, a conductive molecular material (CMM), in combination with collagen have been manufactured and characterised for the first time. In‐vitro cellular testing demonstrated the non‐cytotoxicity of the doped Spiro‐OMeTAD /Collagen films, opening the way for implantable or wearable medical devices and biosensors based on molecular materials.
Recent Advancements in Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Raza Umer , Ahmed Arslan , Waheed Saad , Abid Muhammad , Tahir Mohammad , Zahid Ali , Ahmed Arham , Bilal Muhammed , Hussain Tussadq , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a continuously growing field composed of numerous part‐building approaches that involve the creation of products in a layer‐by‐layer fashion. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a three‐dimensional printing or AM technique that is being adopted on an industrial scale and is being utilized to make parts for commercial use mainly in the medical sector these days. It has become the need of the hour to study the printing parameters of FDM to understand the print behavior and optimize process parameters to make parts with better mechanical properties. This review paper provides an understanding of development in the optimization of process parameters for various print materials like Nylon, polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) by utilizing the different designs of optimization techniques like Taguchi and response surface methodology. Regarding relevant mechanical properties, the influence of process parameters like layer thickness, raster angle, build orientations, raster width, and infill density are underlined carefully. The paper also concludes the optimized parameters to obtain the best mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength of Nylon, PLA, PEEK, and ABS. It also provides literature with up‐to‐date references and highlights future recommendations to optimize the mechanical properties of FDM fabricated components.
Enhancing PLA/ABS Blends Compatibility: A Comparative Study With SAN‐Epoxy and SAN‐MA
Authors: dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo , Pinto Gabriel Matheus , Andrade Ricardo Jorge Espanhol , Fechine Guilhermino José Macêdo , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: January 2025

Blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) were prepared using styrene–acrylonitrile copolymers functionalized with maleic anhydride (SAN‐MA) and epoxy (SAN‐Epoxy) as compatibilizers. The blends were processed in an internal mixer and injection molded. Analyses included torque rheometry, dynamic oscillatory shear rheology, impact resistance, tensile strength, Shore D hardness, heat deflection temperature (HDT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rheological tests showed increased torque and viscosity in PLA/ABS blends, particularly with SAN‐Epoxy, indicating better phase compatibility. The incorporation of 10 phr (parts per hundred resin) of SAN‐Epoxy into the PLA/ABS blend (70/30% by weight) increased impact resistance by approximately 200% compared to pure PLA. Additionally, it promoted better performance in tensile modulus and tensile strength compared to the system compatibilized with SAN‐MA. SEM analysis revealed that ABS particles in the PLA matrix had more stable size and distribution with SAN‐Epoxy, explaining the favorable mechanical results. The Shore D hardness and HDT of the PLA/ABS/SAN‐Epoxy blends remained unchanged compared to PLA, suggesting a balance of properties. Overall, SAN‐Epoxy proved to be the most effective compatibilizer, indicating greater interaction with the phases, thereby contributing to improved mechanical and thermal performance.
Genotypic diversity and biological characterization of Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae isolates from a wide host range
Authors: Yang Xiaoqin , Lei Chengfeng , Peng Xiaowei , Min Yuanqin , Hu Jia , Sun Xiulian
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Baculoviruses are ideal biological insecticides, providing long‐lasting pest control and environmental benefits. Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae stains, with their broad host range, have been effective in agricultural pest management. Various A. mabrassicae isolates (MbMNPV‐CHb1/CTa/K1/QD, MyseMNPV‐Hb, HearMNPV and MacoNPV‐B) have been identified in different hosts. Identifying more effective A. mabrassicae strains with detailed genetic information is crucial for commercial use.

RESULTS

Laboratory bioassays showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of MyseMNPV‐Hb against Mythimna separata was significantly lower than those against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua, but higher than the LC50 of MbMNPV‐CHb1, MbMNPV‐QD and HearMNPV against H. armigera or S. exigua. Comparative genomic analysis revealed significant differences in genomic composition and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms between MyseMNPV‐Hb and the other isolates. A piggyBac‐like element, likely to have been from Alcis repandata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), was identified in the genomes of these isolates. Eight genes in the A. mabrassicae genomes were found to be under positive selection.

CONCLUSION

Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae isolates exhibit different infectivity in various pests, indicating the need for selecting appropriate isolates specific target pests. This study elucidates the genetic factors contributing to the differential infectivity of A. mabrassicae isolates and extends knowledge on its population characteristics. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilm‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Screening of Parabens in Personal Care Products
Authors: Zheng Wenjun , Yan Jingjing , Jin Yingxue , Lin Zian , Cai Zongwei
Published: January 2025

Rational

People are widely exposed to parabens in their daily life, but parabens are endocrine disrupting chemicals that pose a threat to human health. Therefore, establishing a rapid screening method to enhance monitoring of parabens is necessary. Herein, a covalent organic framework (COF) nanofilm‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) method was established to screen parabens in personal care products (PCPs).

Methods

TAPB‐TFPB‐COF nanofilm was synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass and used as LDI‐MS substrates. To observe the practicability of TAPB‐TFPB‐COF nanofilm‐assisted LDI‐MS, the results of this method for analyzing small molecules such as parabens, estrogens, and bisphenols were compared with those of the conventional organic matrix 9‐aminoacridine (9‐AA), and the reproducibility and detection limit were further verified. Finally, the method was applied to screen parabens in PCPs.

Results

TAPB‐TFPB‐COF nanofilm‐assisted LDI‐MS analyzed small molecules such as parabens, estrogens, and bisphenols with higher mass spectral signals and cleaner mass spectral backgrounds compared with 9‐AA. Meanwhile, the method analyzed methylparaben (MeP) with high reproducibility (RSD = 6.96%) and low detection limit (1.64 μM) and performed well for rapid screening of parabens in PCPs.

Conclusion

TAPB‐TFPB‐COF nanofilm‐assisted LDI‐MS for analyzing small molecules such as parabens, estrogens, and amino acids offered the advantages of rapid analysis, a clean background, and good reproducibility. The method was successfully applied to detecting parabens in PCPs, demonstrating the practical utility of LDI‐MS based on TAPB‐TFPB‐COF nanofilm for analyzing parabens in complex samples.
Allostatic Load as a Short‐Term Prognostic and Predictive Marker
Authors: García Ana M. Gómez , Arias Arias Angel Jesús , Muñoz Francisco López , García‐Rico E.
Published: January 2025

It would be highly valuable to possess a tool for evaluating disease progression and identifying patients at risk of experiencing a more severe clinical course and potentially worse outcomes. The concept of allostatic load, which represents the overall strain on the body from repeated stress responses, has been recognized as a precursor to the development of chronic illnesses. It functions as a cumulative measure of the body's capacity to adapt to stress. Numerous studies have demonstrated that elevated allostatic load levels are associated with various negative health outcomes, both physical and mental, and are more predictive of mortality than individual biomarkers. Leveraging the unique circumstances presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic, we evaluated different clinical and laboratory parameters in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients to assess allostatic load. Our results indicated that allostatic load acts as a strong predictor of prolonged hospitalisation, increased ICU days, and mortality. This highlights its efficacy as a precise gauge of biological dysregulation linked to the response to COVID‐19 during disease progression. Allostatic load is easily obtainable and provides an early, cost‐effective indication of disease prognosis. Additionally, it has the potential to forecast the necessity for ICU admission. As a result, this parameter, indicative of the comprehensive physiological disruption in response to stress, emerges as a promising prognostic marker for hospitalised patients, extending beyond COVID‐19.
Commercial SiO Encapsulated in Hybrid Bilayer Conductive Skeleton as Stable Anode Coupling Chemical Prelithiation for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Haihang , Yin Xucai , Bai Xianhai , Long Xingzhi , Yuan Quanqiang , Shan Yaoxiang , Zou Yujie , Tong Zhangfa , Ren Yang
Published: January 2025

Although Silicon monoxide (SiO) is regarded as the most promising next‐generation anode material, the large volume expansion, poor conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) severely hamper its commercialization application. Designing a multilayer conductive skeleton combined with advanced prelithiation technology is considered an effective approach to address these problems. Herein, a reliable strategy is proposed that utilizes MXene and carbon nanotube (CNT) as dual‐conductive skeletons to encapsulate SiO through simple electrostatic interaction for high‐performance anodes in LIBs, while also performing chemical prelithiation. Various characterizations and electrochemical measurements indicate that both MXene and CNT, as conductive networks and buffer interfaces, synergistically enhance the electron transport and lithium storage properties of the electrode. Moreover, the chemical prelithiation process effectively improves the ICE and cycling stability. Consequently, the prepared SiO@MXene@CNT anode delivers a high capacity of 1032 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and an ultrahigh capacity retention rate of 89.5% beyond 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. More importantly, the ICE of the SiO@MXene@CNT anode increases from 65.1% to 92.3% after chemical prelithiation. The work opens a new avenue for significantly improving the lithium storage performance of SiO‐based anodes and is expected to promote their commercialization progress.
Confined CVD Synthesis and Temperature‐Dependent Spectroscopic Properties of Bilayer Graphene Ribbon Arrays with Bifunctional Modulation of Adhesion Metal
Authors: Ning Congcong , Yang Qian , Jin Yan , Gong Xiangnan , Zhu Yifan , Mao Amin , Hu Baoshan
Published: January 2025

Bilayer graphene ribbons (GRs) hold great promise for the fabrication of next‐generation nanodevices, thanks to unparalleled electronic properties, especially the tunable bandgap in association with twist angle, ribbon width, edge structure, and interlayer coupling. A common challenge in manufacturing bilayer GRs via templated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach is uncontrollable dewetting of micro‐ and nano‐scaled patterned metal substrates. Herein, a confined CVD synthetic strategy of bilayer GR arrays is proposed, by utilizing the bifunctional Ni as a buffered adhesion layer to regulate the anisotropic dewetting of metal film in the V‐groove and as a carbon‐dissolution regulated metal to initiate the bilayer nucleation. Using C2H4 as direct donor of C dimer species, high‐quality bilayer GR arrays are synthesized on regular CuNi ribbons with twist angles at 900 °C, harnessing the non‐equilibrium jointly induced by confined V‐groove and C dimer species. The nucleation and growth mechanism of bilayer GR are investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The as‐grown bilayer GRs display distinctive variable temperature Raman and photoluminescence properties. Our results contribute to a highly controllable technique for fabricating twisted bilayer GR arrays and deep insights into the optical properties of bilayer GRs for potential optoelectronics applications.