bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-carbon development mechanism of energy industry from the perspective of carbon neutralization
Authors: Wu Bishan
Published: October 2022

Energy supply and environmental capacity are important material foundations for social and economic development and constraints for scientific and sustainable development, and with achieving the strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutral at an early date, too. Therefore, the international community generally regards energy-economic- environment (3E) as a necessary research direction. This paper studies the relationship among effective energy utilization, economic growth protection and ecological environment protection by establishing the contribution rate model of energy consumption factors to economic GDP growth. At the same time, this paper puts forward the government needs to use carbon trading market, carbon tax, such as low carbon management mechanism based on the Pareto Optimality of carbon trading market, prompts the excess money of the country or the region back to actively invest in low-carbon production, lets more energy companies to clean energy and low carbon production transformation, and helps to achieve the goal of regional energy industry carbon neutral.
Nurses’ role model duties for health and COVID-19 pandemic precautions
Authors: Neiman Paul
Published: October 2022

Role modelling communicates a standard of behavior to another person. Silent role modelling occurs when this standard can be communicated without articulating reasons for the action; articulate role modelling occurs when it is necessary to articulate reasons in order to effectively role model the standard of behavior, and to avoid misinterpretation. Nurses are role models in virtue of the respect and admiration given to the nursing profession. As such, nurses have role model obligations. This paper examines nurses' role model obligations for healthy behaviors and pandemic precautions. Research often identifies nurses as role models for healthy behavior, despite the fact that nurses are typically no healthier than the general population. This paper argues that nurses do not have a duty to role model healthy behaviors. The ability to adopt healthy behaviors is affected by numerous personal and individual factors. For a nurse to share their struggles to adopt healthy behaviors as articulate ‘imperfect’ role models violates their right to privacy. By contrast, nurses do have a moral duty to role model pandemic precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as correctly wearing appropriate masks, maintaining social distancing, avoiding gatherings of multiple households when pandemic precautions are not being taken, and staying up to date on vaccination. Nurses’ duty to role model pandemic precautions does not involve sharing any personal information. Nurses have a duty to be silent role models when the risk of misinterpretation is low, and a duty to be articulate role models, who explicitly communicate reasons for the role modelled behavior, when necessary to ensure they are not misinterpreted. When articulate role modelling goes beyond the minimal role modelling duty, and imposes a comparative cost to the nurse, articulate role modelling is not obligatory, but supererogatory.
Ethical value and challenges of long-term care insurance
Authors: Yucen Weng , Min Chen
Published: October 2022

Background

Issues of the aging population and disability of older persons have been rapidly developing in China over the past 20 years. Since 2016, the Chinese government has been exploring remedies to alleviate social and family burdens and ensure the dignity of the disabled old persons by implementing long-term care insurance systems in a few pilot cities across the country.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present the current challenges faced by China’s long-term care insurance system and put forth suggestions for the future, based on literature research and the feedback obtained from its implementation in pilot areas.

Research Design

This paper conducts a theoretical study based on the principles of public health ethics.

Study Sample

Since 2016, China has launched two batches of pilot cities for long-term care insurance. The analysis object of this study is the feedback on the policy implementation of the existing 29 pilot cities that participated. The relevant data involved in the analysis are from the authors' field research and published literature on the analysis of pilot cities.

Analysis

The ethical value and importance of long-term care insurance policies in China are evaluated from the perspectives of policy philosophy and social individual interests.

Results

The results of this evaluation show that the core ethical values were not met in the development of China’s current long-term care insurance system. Moreover, distributive justice norms were neglected, and access to the system between different social groups and within the groups covered by it was unequal.

Conclusions

This paper argues that long-term care insurance should not differentiate between urban and rural areas in allocating nursing resources. Additionally, it would be essential to build democratic supervision and manage public opinions by adopting open and transparent information-sharing policies. Standards of disability assessments and treatment payment should be at par to ensure a balance between the rights and obligations of policyholders.
Robust composite nonlinear feedback control based on integral sliding-mode control of uncertain time-delay systems under input saturation
Authors: Hu Jiyuan , Ghaffari Valiollah , Mobayen Saleh , Asad Jihad H , Vu Mai The
Published: October 2022

In this research, based on the integral sliding-mode scheme, a robust composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control is addressed for time-delayed uncertain systems. Such an uncertain system may contain some complexities like time-varying delays, actuators saturation, and exterior disturbances. Hence, the tracking problem would be solved under the mentioned constraints. Thus, for achieving these goals, the tracking problem is firstly formulated by considering system’s limitations. The controller parameters may be determined via a solution for linear matrix inequality. As a result, the CNF tracker law is numerically simulated in some control cases. The simulation outcomes are compared with a similar technique in terms of the transient response, boundedness of the error, and the disturbance rejections. Thus, the findings illustrate the efficiency of the advised CNF control method comparing to the recent technique.
Police Investigators’ Perceptions of the Challenges Associated With Interviewing Adult Sexual Assault Complainants
Authors: Westera Nina , Gentle Mia , Powell Martine , Zajac Rachel
Published: October 2022

Although police organizations have devoted considerable effort to training investigators in evidence-based witness interviewing techniques, there is some suggestion that current practices do not meet the multifaceted requirements of sexual assault cases. Here, we assessed the specific challenges inherent in conducting interviews with adult sexual assault complainants, by conducting in-depth interviews with 21 experienced investigators from both Australia and New Zealand. The challenges that investigators identified fell into three broad themes: meeting the evidential needs of sexual assault investigations, establishing credibility, and managing complainant vulnerabilities. We discuss how the investigative interview process might be modified in line with these challenges.
Venipuncture-related traumatic neuroma of the ulnar nerve on the dorsal of a hand: A case report
Authors: Chen Yidan , Zhao Linfang , Liu Chang
Published: October 2022

A large number of venipunctures are placed on the dorsal of the hand, and it is suitable for the majority of patients with the advantage of few complications. Here, the ulnar nerve on the dorsal was injured during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, and a painful traumatic neuroma was discovered a week later. Through oral medication and topical lidocaine medicated plaster, the patient’s pain is greatly reduced, and allowed to engage in nearly all activities. Knowledge of this complication may help with its recognition and early treatment.
Livedoid vasculopathy: A review with focus on terminology and pathogenesis
Authors: Eswaran Harish , Googe Paul , Vedak Priyanka , Marston William A , Moll Stephan
Published: October 2022

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a rare thrombotic vasculopathy of the dermis characterized by painful, relapsing ulcers over the lower extremities. Diagnosis is challenging due to the overlap in clinical appearance and nomenclature with other skin disorders. Treatment selection is complicated by poor understanding of the pathogenesis of LV and lack of robust clinical trials evaluating therapy efficacy. The terminology and pathophysiology of LV are reviewed here, along with its epidemiology, clinical and histologic features, and treatment options. A diagnostic pathway is suggested to guide providers in evaluating for comorbidities, referring to appropriate specialists, and choosing from the available classes of therapy.
The aesthetics of open-ended mourning: The statue of a holy-madman in Dersim, Turkey
Authors: İlengiz Çiçek
Published: October 2022

What happens to the notion of commemoration when its object is not fixed in time? Intervening in scholarly discussions on the contested nature of public remembering, this ethnographic research analyses how the afterlives of genocidal violence, of people and of mythical characters, are intermingled in divergent temporalities of public memorials. Through the case of the statue commemorating a locally known holy-madman, Şeywuşen (1930–1994), inaugurated in 1995 in Dersim (Tunceli), Turkey, it examines the possibilities and limitations of the statue's aesthetic form in representing madness and holiness both of which lie beyond the bounded character of rationality in its normative form. The article first juxtaposes the fluctuating temporality generated by the statue of Şeywuşen with that of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), representing the official memory regime of nationalism. Secondly, it contrasts the temporal multiplicity enabled by the statue of Şeywuşen with the statue of Seyyid Rıza (1863–1937), which commemorates the officially denied Dersim Genocide (1937–1938) and represents collective trauma. By putting it into conversation with monumental and counter-monumental aesthetic representations, the article illustrates that the statue of Şeywuşen paradoxically memorializes what is uncontainable within the political order and temporality of the nation-state. It argues that this case presents the possibility of joining different communities of loss by generating space for open-ended mourning for multiple injuries resulting from state violence.
Sickness absence and disability pension three years before and seven years after first childbirth: A Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: László Krisztina D. , Svedberg Pia , Lindfors Petra , Lidwall Ulrik , Alexanderson Kristina
Published: October 2022

Aims:

There is a widely held belief, in Sweden and internationally, that women with children are more likely to be on sickness absence (SA) than their nulliparous counterparts. However, empirical findings in the field are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to explore initially nulliparous women’s patterns of SA and disability pension (DP) three years before and seven years after 2009, by later parity.

Methods:

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of nulliparous women in Sweden on 31 December 2009 ( N=426,918). We compared crude and standardized numbers of SA/DP net days in the three years before (Y–3 to Y–1) and the seven years (Y+1 to Y+7) after the date of the first birth in 2010 or 2 July 2010 in the following three groups: (1) women with no childbirth during the seven-year follow-up and an additional nine months (i.e. 7.8 years), (2) women with a first childbirth in 2010 and no additional childbirth during the next 7.8 years, and (3) women with their first childbirth in 2010 and minimum one more during the next 7.8 years.

Results:

Women remaining nulliparous had consistently more standardized mean SA/DP days than women giving birth. Compared with women with one birth, women with several births had similar mean numbers of standardized SA/DP days during Y–3 and Y–2, more during Y+1 to Y+3 and fewer during Y+4 to Y+7.

Conclusions:

In contrast to the widely held societal belief, we found that in all years women who gave birth had fewer SA/DP days than those remaining nulliparous.
The building plan automatic design optimization based on CFD numerical intelligent simulation
Authors: Li Yangluxi , Chen Lei , Li Guangyao
Published: October 2022

To apply the thermal comfort to the optimization of building layout, a variable design method based on Kmeans clustering is proposed. The evaluation was based on numerical simulation, genetic algorithm and universal thermal climate index (UTCI) to implement the building layout optimization on Matlab. Finally, the building layouts with centralized type, decentralized type and edge flow type water configuration were optimized, respectively. The results show that after the optimization, a reduction of 0.1∼0.6°C of UTCI was observed. We concluded that under moderate heat stress, the increase in wind velocity is the key to thermal comfort improvement.
Affording worker solidarity in motion: Theorising the intersection between social media and agential practices in the platform economy
Authors: Zhou Yang , Pun Ngai
Published: October 2022

Worker solidarity is a recurring theme in the digital labour debate. While recent studies of the on-demand platforms contribute to highlighting digital affordances in fostering solidarity among gig workers, few have explored how this works in depth and offered a theoretically informed evaluation of this potential. This study of Didi drivers in China fills this gap by looking at how agential practices amplify or constrain the effects of digital communication. We contribute to constructing a mediated framework of affordances for association, for discourse and for mobilisation to examine the process of fostering worker solidarity. Increasingly under structural constraints of platform control and state surveillance on labour activism, this article discloses the theoretical puzzle of ‘solidarity in question’ by rooting the agential practices firmly in the analysis of workers’ gender, migratory status, work experience and critical media literacy, and how they intersect with the tactical appropriation of social media to create potential.
What about the Less IT Literate? A Comparison of Different Postal Recruitment Strategies to an Online Panel of the General Population
Authors: Felderer Barbara , Herzing Jessica M. E.
Published: October 2022

Even though the proportion of individuals who are not equipped to participate in online surveys is constantly decreasing, many surveys face an under-representation of individuals who do not feel IT literate enough to participate. Using experimental data from a probability-based online panel, we study which recruitment survey mode strategy performs best in recruiting less IT-literate persons for an online panel. The sampled individuals received postal invitations to conduct the recruitment survey in a self-completion mode. We experimentally vary four recruitment survey mode strategies: one online mode strategy, two sequential mixed-mode strategies, and one concurrent mode strategy. We find the recruitment survey mode strategies to have a major effect on the sample composition of the recruitment survey, but the differences between the strategies vanish once respondents are asked to proceed with the panel online.
A review of graphene-based broad bandwidth microwave absorbing textile-based composites in the low-frequency range
Authors: Aiqiong Wang , Li Jianxiong , Chen Meng , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: October 2022

The range and strength of Electromagnetic Wave loss are increasing with the development of electronic technology in intellectualization and diversification. Extensive research is focused on high-frequency microwave absorbersbut rarely on low-frequency ones. However, the shield of low-frequency microwave interference is bulky and complicated. It is necessary to adopt new structural composites with lightweight, porous, or multi-layer magneto-dielectric synergistic to obtain lighter, thinner, broader bandwidth, and strong absorption absorbers in the low-frequency range. The porous and multi-layer textiles would extend the Microwave (M. W.) transmitting pathway. The prepared M. W. textile-based composites possess broad bandwidth and strong absorption in the low-frequency range when magneto-dielectric synergistic functional particles have embedded in the textiles. This paper reviewed the modified graphene-based absorbers (GBAs), the hybrids combined GBAs with the low-frequency magnetic loss absorbers (LFMLAs), and the textile-based composites added by the complex combined GBAs with LFMLAs (GBAs/LFMLAs). The prepared GBAs/LFMLAs textile-based composites are broad bandwidth, lightweight, small thickness, and strong absorption materials in the low-frequency range. The prepared GBAs/LFMLAs textile-based microwave absorbers (MWAs) may expand the application scope of MWAs and promote their economic benefit. The GBAs/LFMLAs textile-based composites may propose a new strategy of broad bandwidth MWAs in the low-frequency range.
Influencing factors and evaluation methods of tearing resistance of coated fabric membranes
Authors: Bao Han , Wu Minger , Zhang Xubo
Published: October 2022

In this study, various tests are conducted to reveal the factors influencing the tearing resistance of coated fabrics. Firstly, a uniaxial shear test is designed to study the effect of the stress level on the shear modulus of P-type and G-type coated fabric membranes. The effect of crack length on trapezoidal test results is investigated and the influence of elongation at break on single-edge notched tearing strength and trapezoidal tearing strength is studied by conducting uniaxial cyclic tension. Then a statistical method is included to study the correlation between the single-edge notched tearing strength, trapezoidal tearing strength, tensile strength of single yarn, elongation at break, and shear modulus of four types of P-type and four types of G-type membrane materials. At the same time, the relationship between the single-edge notched tearing strength and crack length is fitted using four tearing theories, and the Thiele formula was proved to be the most recommended theory. Finally, the applicability and limitations of the single-edge notched tearing strength and trapezoidal tearing strength as evaluation indexes of tearing resistance of membrane materials are discussed.
Depicting the Implication of miR-378a in Cancers
Authors: Qin Yuelan , Liang Renba , Lu Pingan , Lai Lin , Zhu Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

MicroRNA-378a (miR-378a), including miR-378a-3p and miR-378a-5p, are encoded in PPARGC1B gene. miR-378a is essential for tumorigenesis and is an independent prognostic biomarker for various malignant tumors. Aberrant expression of miR-378a affects several physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, cancer invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Interestingly, miR-378a has a dual functional role in either promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis, independent of the cancer type. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the role and regulatory mechanisms of miR-378a in cancer development, hoping to provide a direction for its potential use in cancer therapy.
Evaluation of an occupation-based sleep programme for people with Insomnia
Authors: Ho Eris C. M. , Siu Andrew M. H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Sleep problems are a health issue worldwide. Based on the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance model, we developed an occupation-based sleep programme to promote awareness of sleep hygiene factors, promote an environment conductive to sleep, and restructure participation in daytime activities with a focus on occupational balance.

Method

This study uses a non-equivalent group design to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupation-based sleep intervention among community-dwelling adults with insomnia, when compared with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group which focused on sleep hygiene, and relaxation.

Results

When compared with the TAU group ( n = 20), the intervention group ( n = 22) had significant improvement in sleep duration, occupational balance, and reduction in mood symptoms at both post treatment and 1-month follow up.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that an occupation-based programme is an effective treatment for insomnia disorder and demonstrated the role which occupational therapy could play in primary health care service.
On the need for material model databases: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Rumor Leonardo , Andrade-Campos António
Published: October 2022

The majority of FEA simulation software offers a library of material properties. However, the included materials are generic or the most common and do not represent the entire materials market. The problem is fairly solved by the material suppliers that usually provide the material properties of their products or by data available in materials databases. However, the information provided by the materials databases does not include experimental data nor provide information on the testing procedures. Due to this absence, users can not verify the information or its accuracy on the material database. Moreover, data related to material constitutive models, required for accurate simulations seems to be absent. This study focuses on the materials databases available as open-source or paid services, demonstrating that existing macroscopic materials databases do not have information on the experiments conducted nor have constitutive behavior characterization models.
Optimal synthesis of crank-rocker mechanisms with optimum transmission angle for desired stroke and time-ratio using genetic programming
Authors: Ahmadi Bahman , Ahmadi Behnam
Published: October 2022

Dimensional synthesis of crank-rocker mechanisms applied to provide some desired values of stroke and time ratio, is of utmost importance for designing an efficient mechanism. In the synthesis and manufacturing of crank-rocker mechanisms, the designers are further challenged by other design criteria, such as quality of motion. In this study, a novel approach based on genetic programming (GP) is proposed for dimensional synthesis of planar crank-rocker mechanisms with optimum transmission angle over the desired stroke and time-ratio. An analytical approach is elaborated which leads to an interesting relationship of length of the coupler and rocker links. It is, therefore, advised that by adopting equal lengths for coupler link and rocker link, one can guarantee the optimality of the transmission angle’s deviation ([Formula: see text]), ensuring the Grashof condition. Consequently, through an inverse modeling approach, GP method is utilized to construct some explicitly mathematical formulas to represent all the sizes and dimensions of the crank-rocker mechanism based on the any desired values of both stroke and time-ratio. In this way, an input-output data set consisting of all the dimensions and the sizes of the links as the input variables and both the stroke and time-ratio as output variables is first constructed using the pertinent mathematical equations. Indeed, such approach of inverse modeling using GP simplifies greatly the synthesis of the crack-rocker mechanisms for any desired values of both stroke and time-ratio. The proposed approach has been applied for kinematic synthesis of a crank-rocker mechanism. A comparison between the obtained results of this work and the analytic method, clearly illustrates the efficiency of the proposed approach.
An improved EKF based on excitation equivalent conversion for EHA multi-factor fault diagnosis
Authors: Chen Pei , Chen Huanguo , Chen Wenhua , Pan Jun , Li Jianmin
Published: October 2022

Electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA), as an emerging power-by-wire (PBW) actuation mechanism with high energy efficiency and fast responsiveness, has been widely used in modern flight control systems. As a pivotal component, the fault diagnosis of EHA is necessary to ensure the reliability of the aircraft. Although researchers have proposed many effective fault diagnosis techniques at present, most of them can only deal with single-factor faults effectively. Recent studies on multi-state reliability and competing failure show that complicated systems such as EHA are more prone to multi-factor failures than single-factor failures. Therefore, an improved EKF based on excitation equivalent conversion is proposed in this paper to achieve the multi-factor fault diagnosis of EHA. First, the existing fault diagnosis methods for EHA and their limitations in multi-factor fault diagnosis are discussed. Then, multi-parameters estimation and observability, the key issues to achieve multi-factor fault diagnosis, are analyzed. Based on the structural characteristics and observability analysis of the second-order system, excitation equivalent conversion is introduced to establish additional available equation about the unknown state parameters to realize the multi-parameter estimation when system is unobservable. Finally, simulation and prototype test experiments have been performed, and the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, which outperforms that of the traditional single-factor failure analysis methods by comparison.
Generalized predictive speed control based on equivalent-input-disturbance for PMSM drive system
Authors: Huang Gang , Li Jiajun , Yu Huijun , Huang Wei , Zhao Kaihui
Published: October 2022

The speed control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system is degraded due to non-matching disturbances such as parameter perturbation and load torque mutation. This paper presents a nonlinear generalized predictive control method based on equivalent-input-disturbance (GPC-based-EID) to realize the fast response and strong robustness of the speed controller of the PMSM drive system. Firstly, the continuous time nonlinear system of a motor mechanical equation is established. A speed controller based on the generalized predictive theory rather than the PI controller of a traditional vector control is designed. Then, the drive system with disturbance is transformed into an EID system. An improved nonsingular fast terminal sliding-mode observer (NFTSMO) is introduced to accurately estimate the EID of total system non-matching disturbances. And the active compensation of non-matching disturbances is realized through feedforward method. This greatly enhances the robustness and the speed tracking performance of the drive system. Comparisons with PI control, traditional GPC and GPC-based-ESO methods show the effectiveness of the method.
Reliability assessment method for tank bottom plates based on hierarchical Bayesian corrosion growth model
Authors: Zhang Guilin , Xie Fei , Wang Dan
Published: October 2022

For effectively predicting the tank failure time and analyzing the key elements influencing the reliability of corroded bottom plates, this article presents a model for calculating the reliability of corroded tank bottom plates based on a hierarchical Bayesian corrosion growth model. Firstly, the growth of corrosion defect depth is expressed by the gamma process, and the hierarchical Bayesian model is used to calculate the corrosion depth growth. After that, the reliability calculation model of the corroded tank base plate is established by combining the results of the hierarchical Bayesian model with the stress-strength interference theory, and the three uncertain factors of the base plate thickness, radius, and yield strength are considered in the model. Finally, the reliability assessment and sensitivity analysis of corroded bottom plate are carried out. The results show that the proposed reliability calculation model can provide more accurate failure state prediction results than the reliability calculation model which only considers the influence of corrosion depth, and can provide reference for reducing the failure rate of tank floor and reasonably formulating the maintenance plan of tank floor.
How can we improve the diagnosis of heart failure?
Authors: Thomson Clare , Cuthbert Joe , O’Nwere-Tan Teresa Adaora
Published: October 2022

Prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is a key priority for the National Health Service (NHS); it is central to the NHS England Long Term Plan, and from April 2022 it also forms a large proportion of the Direct Enhanced Service Contract for all primary care networks. Diagnosis and management of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and atrial fibrillation are routine in primary care but, despite increasing prevalence, heart failure is arguably falling behind. Heart failure can be challenging to diagnose and there may be few initial symptoms when patients first present. However, patient quality of life and life expectancy dramatically improve with an early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. This article provides a framework for initial diagnosis and management in primary care.
Adolescent elbow osteochondral lesions following prior elbow fracture pinning
Authors: Padaki Ajay S , Allahabadi Sachin , Pandya Nirav K
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Pinning of pediatric elbow fractures has been shown to be a safe procedure with a low complication profile. This study identified patients who underwent cartilage surgery for elbow osteochondral lesions or osteochondritis dissecans who had prior ipsilateral elbow pinning.

Methods:

Records of patients who underwent ipsilateral cartilage surgery for osteochondritis dissecans and prior percutaneous pinning for elbow fractures were identified. Demographics were compiled and the clinical, radiographic, and surgical results were tabulated for patients with at least 1-year of follow-up from initial presentation.

Results:

In total, 6/52 (11.5%) pediatric patients from 2012 to 2021 who underwent isolated elbow osteochondritis dissecans surgery (mean age at surgery 13.4 ± 1.5 years) had a history of ipsilateral elbow pinning (mean age at surgery 6.9 ± 2.4 years). Of these, five had a history of a supracondylar fracture while one patient sustained a lateral condyle fracture. Overall, three of six patients had mechanical symptoms at presentation and three had abnormal radiographs. All patients underwent pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging and the five patients with an osteochondritis dissecans lesion <1cm2 underwent arthroscopy and microfracture while one with a 4-cm2 lesion underwent open osteochondral allograft transfer. All patients demonstrated improved motion at final follow-up and all patients were able to return to full desired activity following surgery.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the history of elbow fracture pinning may predispose patients to future elbow chondral injuries in adolescence. Although patients appear to do well following consequent osteochondritis dissecans surgery, patients and parents may be advised of possible association of elbow pinning and elbow osteochondral lesions.

Level of Evidence:

III, case–control study
A Cadaveric Study Verifying the Potential of a Rotational Biplanar Chevron Osteotomy to Correct the 3-Dimensional Hallux Valgus Deformity
Authors: Hamre Mikaela Engarås , Molund Marius , Nilsen Fredrik
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Metatarsal pronation is present in 87% of patients with hallux valgus (HV) deformity. The chevron osteotomy is commonly used worldwide to correct mild to moderate HV deformities. Many modifications have been described, but few address the rotational deformity of the first metatarsal. The rotational biplanar chevron osteotomy (RBCO), described by M. Prado et al, presents a variation of a biplanar chevron osteotomy that can be used to address first metatarsal rotation. The objective of this study is to investigate and verify the technique of the RBCO.

Methods

We conducted our study performing an RBCO on 9 cadaveric limbs. The technique uses a medial-based wedge parallel to the plantar limb of the osteotomy to make the distal fragment free to correct rotation. A goniometer was used by 2 individual surgeons to control the rotational correction achieved.

Results

The osteotomy was considered simple to perform and we experienced no complications, such as fractures or instability. The result was satisfactory alignment and adequate stability. On average, a 2 mm wedge resulted in 11° of rotational correction.

Conclusion

We predict that RBCO can safely be used for correcting the metatarsal rotation when necessary in mild to moderate HV deformity foot.

Levels of Evidence:

Level IV
Delirium Following Anticholinergic Use in Hospitalized Patients With Dementia
Authors: Hale Elijah W. , Macchi Zachary A. , Pressman Peter S.
Published: October 2022

We sought to explore rates of delirium amongst hospitalized patients with dementia following orders for anticholinergic medications. We hypothesized that patients receiving anticholinergic medications would have higher rates of delirium than similar, unexposed patients. We performed a retrospective chart review of 23 031 hospitalized individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or unspecified dementia from 2011-2018. Rates of delirium diagnosis and haloperidol orders following anticholinergic administration were compared to patients with dementia without anticholinergic orders. Significant differences in rates of delirium and orders for haloperidol were observed between exposed and unexposed groups, with delirium having a relative risk of 2.3 and orders for haloperidol having a relative risk of 10.4. The number needed to harm for anticholinergic exposure was 5.45 for delirium and 7.09 for haloperidol. The identified difference suggests that inpatient use of anticholinergic medications may increase the risk of delirium in hospitalized patients with dementia. Despite this risk, our review suggests that anticholinergic administration is common during hospital stays among patients with dementia. Anticholinergic use may be a modifiable risk factor for delirium prevention, which could improve inpatient management of patients with dementia.
Origin of the ease of association of color names: Comparison between humans and AI
Authors: Komatsu Hidehiko , Maeno Ami , Watanabe Eiji
Published: October 2022

Rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep neural networks has resulted in artificial systems such as generative pre-trained transformer 3 (GPT-3), which can generate human-like language. Such a system may provide a novel platform for studying how human perception is related to knowledge and the ability of language generation. We compared the frequency distribution of basic color terms in the answers of human subjects and GPT-3 when both were asked similar questions regarding color names associated with the letters of the alphabet. We found that GPT-3 generated basic color terms at a frequency very similar to that of human non-synaesthetes. A similar frequency was observed when color names associated with numerals were tested indicating that simple co-occurrence of alphabet and color word in the trained dataset cannot explain the results. We suggest that the proposed experimental framework using the latest AI models has the potential to explore the mechanisms of human perception.
Feasibility, acceptability and effects of a group pelvic floor muscle telerehabilitation program to treat urinary incontinence in older women
Authors: Le Berre Mélanie , Filiatrault Johanne , Reichetzer Barbara , Dumoulin Chantale
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most prevalent health concerns in women age 65 and over. The recommended first-line treatment for UI is individual pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). However, healthcare systems worldwide are unable to meet the demand for this resource-intensive approach. Recently, the Group Rehabilitation Or IndividUal Physiotherapy (GROUP) trial showed that group-based PFMT was not inferior to individual PFMT to treat UI in older women, despite using fewer resources. This study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effects on UI-related symptoms and associated quality of life (QoL) of an online adaptation of the GROUP program (teleGROUP) for UI in older women.

Methods and analysis

This pilot study will involve the recruitment of 32 older women with UI. Participants’ attendance to online sessions, adherence to weekly home exercises, and side effects, in addition to the physiotherapist's fidelity to the program delivery will be collected to evaluate the program's feasibility. Participants’ dropout rates, reasons for dropout, satisfaction and usability scores will be collected to evaluate the program's acceptability for participants. A survey will evaluate the program's acceptability for the physiotherapists. Additionally, at the end of the study, qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups will investigate further feasibility and acceptability. To measure the effects of teleGROUP, number of weekly leakages and percentage reduction will be the primary outcomes.
Glenohumeral Arthropathy After Arthroscopic Surgery for Shoulder Instability: Outcomes at 16-Year Follow-up
Authors: Izquierdo-Fernández Alberto , García-Carmona Manuel , Urbano-Luque Maite , Márquez-Ruiz Javier , Quevedo-Reinoso Rafael , Minarro José Carlos
Published: October 2022

Background:

Glenohumeral arthropathy after surgery for traumatic shoulder instability is a condition whose etiology and long-term course are still unknown.

Purpose:

To evaluate the risk factors for the onset of arthropathy and to assess the relationship between the degree of arthropathy and final outcomes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We included patients who underwent surgery for a shoulder instability at a single institution between 2000 and 2004. The following variables were studied for relationship with functional outcomes: sex, age, body mass index, smoking at the time of surgery, number of episodes of shoulder dislocation, and time from first dislocation to surgery. The number of anchors used and their position were also evaluated. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Constant-Murley, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, and Rowe scores, and results were compared with the onset of arthropathy according to Buscayret classification. Spearman and Pearson correlations were performed for the association between glenohumeral arthritis (Buscayret grade) and the study variables, the Mann-Whitney U test and Student t test were used to compare outcome scores with the study variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare Buscayret grade and outcome scores.

Results:

A total of 26 shoulders in 25 patients were analyzed, finding a high rate (54%) of arthropathy at a minimum follow-up of 16 years. Patients with Buscayret grade 4 had the worst functional results ( P = .007). However, 80% of patients with Buscayret grade ≤3 had excellent Constant-Murley scores. A significant relationship was found between degree of arthropathy and patients who were smokers before surgery ( P < .01). No relationship was found between the onset of arthropathy and the other variables analyzed.

Conclusion:

Postinstability glenohumeral arthropathy was not correlated with functional outcomes except in those patients with advanced arthroplasty (Buscayret grade 4). A direct relationship was found between smoking before surgery and the onset of glenohumeral arthropathy.
Assessing and Modeling Spatial Release From Listening Effort in Listeners With Normal Hearing: Reference Ranges and Effects of Noise Direction and Age
Authors: Krueger Melanie , Schulte Michael , Brand Thomas
Published: October 2022

Listening to speech in noisy environments is challenging and effortful. Factors like the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the spatial separation between target speech and noise interferer(s), and possibly also the listener's age might influence perceived listening effort (LE). This study measured and modeled the effect of the spatial separation of target speech and interfering stationary speech-shaped noise on the perceived LE and its relation to the age of the listeners. Reference ranges for the relationship between subjectively perceived LE and SNR for different noise azimuths were established. For this purpose, 70 listeners with normal hearing and from three age groups rated the perceived LE using the Adaptive Categorical Listening Effort Scaling method (ACALES, Krueger et al., 2017a) with speech from the front and noise from 0°, 90°, 135°, or 180° azimuth. Based on these data, the spatial release from listening effort (SRLE) was calculated. The noise azimuth had a strong effect on SRLE, with the highest release for 135°. The binaural speech intelligibility model (BSIM2020, Hauth et al., 2020) predicted SRLE very well at negative SNRs, but overestimated for positive SNRs. No significant effect of age was found on the respective subjective ratings. Therefore, the reference ranges were determined independently of age. These reference ranges can be used for the classification of LE measurements. However, when the increase of the perceived LE with SNR was analyzed, a significant age difference was found between the listeners of the youngest and oldest group when considering the upper range of the LE function.
Understanding the Process: Using In-Class Data to Reflect on a Decision-Making Exercise
Authors: Speights Sabrina L. , Dunn Alexandra M.
Published: October 2022

Decision-making is a critical topic in any management and organizational behavior course. Navigating and understanding the various processes and influences on decision-making, however, can be complicated. This article revises and expands on a common “employee ranking” format activity. It uses in-class student data to systematically debrief individual and group decision-making processes to facilitate learning. This simple activity uses minimal resources, clarifies (often highly nuanced) decision-making discussions, and puts specific focus on psychosocial concepts and processes. Instructors can use the provided templates and supplements to customize the activity information. We also include a downloadable tabulation sheet to automate the analysis of the student data in real time.
Beyond Random Effects: When Small-Study Findings Are More Heterogeneous
Authors: Stanley T. D. , Doucouliagos Hristos , Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: October 2022

New meta-regression methods are introduced that identify whether the magnitude of heterogeneity across study findings is correlated with their standard errors. Evidence from dozens of meta-analyses finds robust evidence of this correlation and that small-sample studies typically have higher heterogeneity. This correlated heterogeneity violates the random-effects (RE) model of additive and independent heterogeneity. When small studies not only have inadequate statistical power but also high heterogeneity, their scientific contribution is even more dubious. When the heterogeneity variance is correlated with the sampling-error variance to the degree we find, simulations show that RE is dominated by an alternative weighted average, the unrestricted weighted least squares (UWLS). Meta-research evidence combined with simulations establish that UWLS should replace RE as the conventional meta-analysis summary of psychological research.
Expanding APHON’s Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider and Instructor Program to Spanish-Speaking Countries: Pilot Series Development and Evaluation
Authors: Sullivan Courtney E. , Weber Lorena Segovia , Lamas Paola Viveros , Diaz Dorian Navarro , Lu Zhaohua , Zhao Xiwen , Salinas-Avila San Juanita , Ramos Richard J. , Belderson Kristin M. , Challinor Julia
Published: October 2022

Background: To address the need for standardized, comprehensive chemotherapy/biotherapy education in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses (APHON) Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider and Instructor program courses were culturally adapted, translated to Spanish, and piloted. The process of course adaptation and implementation are described. A Context, Input, Process, Product model outcomes evaluation determined: (a) differences in pass rates by test version and pilot location, (b) predictors of pass rates, (c) course appropriateness for nurses’ education and practice levels, and (d) strategies for course improvements. Methods: The Spanish APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Provider program was piloted four times and the Instructor program twice with nurses from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, and Spain. Statistical analysis identified factors associated with pass rates. Results: Of the 203 students in four Spanish APHON Provider program courses, data from 108 students (three pilots) were analyzed (one unplanned pilot excluded for missing data). Significant predictors of pass rates included: pediatric oncology frontline nurses ( OR = 9.86; 95% CI [2.56, 65.23]; p = .004), nurses dedicated to an inpatient or outpatient unit (non-rotating) ( OR = 6.79 [1.29, 51.98]; p = .033), and graduation from a 5-year nursing program ( OR = 5.92; 95% CI [1.30, 33.15]; p = .028). Discussion: The Spanish APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy/Biotherapy program was determined appropriate for nurses’ education and practice levels in LAC countries. Through the APHON Spanish language instructor network, pediatric oncology nurses in LAC countries have increased access to standardized, comprehensive chemotherapy/biotherapy education.
Candidate genes screening based on phenotypic observation and transcriptome analysis for double flower of Prunus mume
Authors: Zhu Huanhuan , Shi Yan , Zhang Junwei , Bao Manzhu , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2022

Background

Prunus mume is an early spring flower of Rosaceae, which owns high application value in gardens. Being an excellent ornamental trait, the double flower trait has always been one of the important breeding goals of plant breeders. However, the key regulatory genes of double flower traits of P. mume are still unclear at present.

Results

The floral organs’ morphological differences of 20 single and 20 double flower cultivars of P. mume were compared firstly. And it was found that double flower trait of P. mume were often accompanied by petaloid stamen, multiple carpels and an increase in the total number of floral organs. Then, transcriptome sequencing of two representative cultivars P. mume ‘Danban Lve’ and P. mume ‘Xiao Lve’ were conducted at 3 Stage of flower bud development with distinct morphological differentiation. 3256 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were detected, and 20 candidate genes for double flower trait of P. mume were screened out including hub genes PmAP1–1 and PmAG-2 based on DEGs function analysis and WGCNA analysis. And it was found that epigenetic and hormone related genes may also play an important role in the process of double flower.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the double flower trait of P.mume is more like accumulation origin based on morphological observation. 20 genes and co-expression network related to the formation of double flower P. mume were preliminarily screened through transcriptomics analysis. The results provided a reference for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of double flower trait in P. mume.