bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Primary School Pre-service Teachers’ Oral Argumentation in Science Writing Heuristic Implementation
Authors: Şen Mehmet , Gümüş Berk
Published: November 2024

This study provides information on primary school pre-service teachers’ (PST) oral argumentation in science writing heuristic (SWH) implementation. The study lasted six weeks and 34 PST participated in the study. Data were collected using the Assessment of Scientific Argumentation in Class (ASAC) observation protocol. Accordingly, PSTs were observed throughout the implementation and the ASAC protocol was filled each week. Content and constant comparative analysis yielded results about students’ oral argumentation. Results showed that participants’ oral argumentation improved with time. Next, ASAC aspects’ observation scores diverged and the scores for cognitive and epistemic aspects were higher than those for social aspects. The findings are discussed and implications are presented considering PST’s oral argumentation and the use of ASAC.
The Quantiles of Extreme Differences Matrix for Evaluating Discriminant Validity
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J. , Padgett R. Noah
Published: November 2024

Multiple survey responses or indicators are typically collected to assess various aspects of psychosocial constructs. Sometimes, these survey indicators are intended to constitute a series of related unified assessments of the relevant construct phenomenon. At other times, they are intended to assess various and distinct facets of the underlying phenomenon. Establishing distinctions among construct phenomena, assessments, or indicators is sometimes described as the process of establishing discriminant validity. Within the philosophical literature, often extreme instances or limit cases, either actual or hypothetical, are used to identify settings or possibilities in which one phenomenon is present, and the other is not, allowing one to establish distinctions among phenomena. In this paper we put forward an empirical analogue of this principle in philosophy but applied to distinctions amongst responses to survey items. The quantiles of extreme differences matrix characterizes, for each pair of indicators, how large the differences are between those indicators at the most extreme quantiles of the distribution of those differences. We discuss the potential uses and properties of this quantiles of extreme differences matrix, and related matrices, for identifying potentially relevant distinctions among the indicators or facets of an underlying construct phenomenon.
Towards centimeter precision SAR-RFID localization
Authors: Charléty Arthur , Magnier Morgane , Le Breton Mathieu , Baillet Laurent , Larose Eric , Moreau Ludovic
Published: November 2024

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) shows great potential for earth-sciences applications, notably for landslide surface monitoring at a high spatio-temporal resolution with long-term robustness to meteorological events (rain, fog, snow). The ability to localize RFID tags using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) approach, would offer new possibilites for monitoring inaccessible terrains, even under vegetation and snow. To that end, an onboard measurement system was built that allows Global Positionning (GPS) tracking of an RFID reader antenna, in order to perform real-time SAR measurement acquisition of RFID tags on the ground. Three antenna tracking methods were compared. In addition, Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) optimization was used to estimate tag position and characterize the solution, even in non-convex cost function scenarios. Two cost functions were compared, based on different RFID-phase processing approaches. Real-time SAR-RFID localization yielded a centimeter accuracy in the horizontal plane, with lower resolution in the vertical direction. The Post-Processed Kinematics algorithm proved to best fit antenna tracking. The unwrapped-phase based cost function provided more convex solutions, at the cost of a lower accuracy compared to the complex-phase cost function. MCMC proved to be computationally efficient in SAR-RFID optimization, with enhanced results concerning the shape and orientation of the main localization errors.
Exploring Age-Related Differences in Virtual Maze Navigation: The Impact of External Cues on Search-Strategy
Authors: Parker Matthew O , Rolfe-Tarrant Jude , Wood Antony , Redhead Ed
Published: November 2024

Spatial navigation problems are regularly reported in older adults and represent a significant challenge to quality of life. This study aimed to understand navigational strategies in older adults using a virtual honeycomb-shaped maze. We have previously shown in this maze that younger individuals, aged 18 to 40, typically adopt a strategy of alternating their turns at successive junctions, while those aged 70 and above show significantly fewer alternations. One theory explaining this behavior in older adults is diminished spatial working memory. In the current study, we tested ways to support spatial knowledge of the environment: by providing either distal cues or a map of the environment, with only the former expected to facilitate spatial working memory. We asked younger (n = 107, aged 18-40) and older (n = 77, aged ≥70) participants to navigate a virtual honeycomb-shaped maze. Without additional cues, older adults made fewer sequential alternations compared to younger participants. However, when provided with distal cues, older adults increased their sequential alternations, whereas the map did not have the same effect. The findings suggest that spatial memory limitations in older adults affect navigational choices, but providing certain types of environmental cues, such as distal cues, can help compensate for these limitations. This could have implications for designing environments to enhance independence in older adults and in the design of cognitive tests for spatial working memory.
Are prescription stimulants contributing to the increase in LGBT identity?
Authors: Rita Strakosha
Published: November 2024

Prescription stimulants (PS) are widely used by children and youth as medication but also for non-medical purposes. Amphetamine stimulants commonly increase sexual drive while also causing vasoconstriction in the sexual organs, thus potentially leading to a shift in the sexual arousal/orgasm focus, consequently, to a shift in sexual fantasies and attractions. PS have also been linked to disturbances in sexual hormones and to an increase in psychosis risk. The effects of PS on sexuality, sexual hormones and cognition beg the question of whether they are contributing to the increase in LGBT identity.
A Scoping Study: Crime and Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Brown Ashley , Johnson Shane , Tuptuk Nilufer
Published: November 2024

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) integrate advanced communication and autonomous driving technologies, enabling them to operate independently or with minimal human intervention. The anticipated benefits of CAVs are numerous and include making transportation accessible to all, reducing accidents due to human error, optimising traffic flow, and creating new industries and job opportunities. Autonomous driving capabilities in CAVs rely on advanced sensor technology and AI-driven analytics, which process data from multiple sensors to navigate, perceive the surrounding environment, detect obstacles, and make driving decisions in real-time. Despite the many benefits, CAVs will be highly vulnerable to a wide variety of crimes unless security measures are implemented by design. To understand the potential threats, this study introduces the enabling technology and reference architecture for CAVs and reports the findings from an extensive scoping review of the available literature. This covers reported crime incidents, academic literature on potential threats, a survey of academic survey papers on CAV security, and a review of papers concerned with cyberattacks against CAVs published in the past five years. The findings from the review are complemented by the findings from a workshop with experts about which of the identified threats should be prioritised for the purposes of crime reduction. The findings indicate that a wide range of cyber-attacks and offences are possible, and that the threat landscape is continually expanding due to insufficient attention being given to security during the development of the technology. Suggestions for policy and priorities for future work are suggested.
Multiple dimensions of trust build public support for environmental management
Authors: Carlton Stuart , Paulsen Isabelle , Campbell Tim , O'Reilly Katherine , Zipp Katherine Y.
Published: November 2024

Developing public trust in natural resource management agencies is crucial for effective governance and environmental management. However, trust is a multidimensional, rather than monolithic, concept, and the relative importance of different dimensions of trust in generating support for environmental management has not been fully explored. In this study, we use the trust ecology framework to examine the role of affinitive, dispositional, procedural, and rational trust in support for fisheries management among recreational anglers in the Great Lakes region of the United States. We found that all dimensions of trust positively correlate with support for management, with rational trust being the strongest predictor. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and race showed minimal impact compared to trust dimensions. Our findings underscore the multifaceted nature of trust and its critical role in resource management and suggest that building and maintain multiple dimensions of trust can enhance public support for environmental management, ultimately leading to more effective and resilient environmental governance.
Pathways to independence: The dynamics of parental support in the transition to adulthood
Authors: Sotoudeh Rmina , Floridi Ginevra
Published: November 2024

Economic independence from parents is increasingly delayed in the United States. This delay has implications for the timing and sequencing of other life transitions such as employment and marriage, and for inequalities in the support young adults receive. In this study, we leverage the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Transition to Adulthood Supplement on 1,081 young adults aged 18–28. Using sequence analysis, we examine how financial and co-residential support are embedded within the transition to adulthood. We study heterogeneity in support trajectories between and within families and disentangle the temporal order of transition to adulthood milestones. In line with existing theory on intergenerational transfers, parental economic support serves as both as an investment in young adults’ educational and economic pursuits and as a safeguard for struggling children. However, we also find evidence of more traditional, gendered pathways to economic independence linked to marriage: marriage facilitates economic independence and, for young men especially, achieving economic independence is an important precursor to marriage.
The effect of the maize gene Mtl/Nld/Pla1, Dmp7/Duf679, Bbm1 mutations on the 3D protein models conformations
Authors: Fadeev V.V. , Moiseeva E.M. , Chumakov M.I.
Published: November 2024

The article presents an analysis of the 3D models for maize (Zea mays L.) gynogenesis proteins (MTL/NLD/PLA1, DMP7/DUF679, BBM1) with spontaneous mutations in the nucleotide sequences of their coding genes. It was found that the four-nucleotides insertion into the Zm_Mtl/Nld/Pla1 gene sequence of haploid-inducing Stock 6 maize line changes the amino acid composition of the β-fold and leads to the replacement of two α-helices with an unstructured section. A single nucleotide substitution of the Dmp7/Duf679 gene in the haploid-inducing CAU5 maize line leads to a change in the α-helix position and the 3D model protein DMP8/DUF679 conformation. On the other hand, the single nucleotide substitutions in the Zm_Bbm1 gene in AT-4 maize line do not lead to a change in the amino acid composition and conformation of the BBM1 protein.
Problems of genetic identification of economically valuable plants of the genus Withania
Authors: Mikhaylova E.V. , Palkina I.M.
Published: November 2024

Representatives of the genus Withania of the Solanaceae family, the plants Withania somnifera and Withania coagulans Dunal. are valuable for the pharmaceutical and food industries due to the content of biologically active compounds, mainly belonging to the class of withanolides. Powdered dried roots of W. somnifera are used as dietary supplements. In addition to climatic conditions and soil composition, plant metabolism is affected by the genotype. The external similarity of W. somnifera and W. coagulans may also lead to accidental or intentional substitution of one species for the other. We analyzed the chloroplast genomes of 12 plants of the Solanaceae family and identified variable regions of the non-coding spacer atpF-atpH and the rbcL and rpoB genes, which can be used to identify the plant species by the Sanger sequencing method. We also identified three regions of the chloroplast genome (trnF-trnL - ndhJ-trnL, rbcL-accD and rpl36-rps8) with indels ranging from 100 to 600 bp, which can be used to develop a PCR test system for identifying the species of economically valuable plants of the genus Withania.
THE STATE BORDER DOCUMENTATION POLICY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Altangerel Dalantai  , Ganbold Tsagaan
Published: November 2024

The international community considers the border policy to be a crucial aspect of the country's security and political strategy. The resolution of the state border issue has been in accordance with agreements, domestic laws, programs, and projects related to Mongolia's international border. Therefore, the Mongolian government developed and approved the document "The basis of the Mongolian government's border policy" in 2002 to establish a legal framework for coordinating state border activities, addressing related issues, and ensuring border protection. This document is based on the provisions of the Constitution, National Security and foreign policy concepts, and aims to evaluate the implementation of laws and international agreements while optimizing the legal environment. The document remains in force since its approval by the National Assembly in 2002. This supporting document outlines an ideological system that upholds the state's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the inviolability of its borders. It also includes mechanisms for ensuring state border security, as well as the goals, objectives, principles, and main directions for its implementation. This document has been crucial in maintaining the continuity of government policy. In an era of increasing complexity in the global and regional security landscape, countries are focusing on safeguarding border security, addressing potential threats and risks, and maintaining national borders and territorial integrity. This underscores the significance of emphasizing unity, shared interests, and collective security over individual national interests and security. From ancient times (Great Mongolia) to the present day, Mongolia has consistently prioritized its border security and has implemented various policies and activities to safeguard the integrity of its borders. There has always been a requirement to create policy documents for border protection and enhance legal capabilities to safeguard the integrity of the state border, as well as to coordinate and oversee national border protection efforts based on societal needs, aims, and objectives. In light of Mongolia's development policy and legal reform, the state military and institutions with special functions are undergoing reform. A series of state policy and legal documents have been updated and approved, establishing a legal framework. Consequently, there is a pressing need to review the government's border policy, which has remained unchanged for two decades.
“Asharshylyk — Great Jute” 1931–1933 in Central Kazakhstan: to the problem statement
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Zauresh Saktaganova
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to pose the problem of famine of 1931–1933 in Central Kazakhstan. The com-parison of the general patterns of hunger in the XX century is carried out and the specificity of the Kazakh “Great Jute” is highlighted. The object of the analysis was the research of foreign and domestic authors iden-tifying the causes of the outbreak of famine in 1931–1933 in the Kazakh steppe. On the basis of unpublished archival materials of the Statistical Department of the Karaganda region and published data, the loss of livestock in the republic as a whole and in Kazakh cattle-breeding farms in Central Kazakhstan was tracked. The analysis of the presented materials demonstrates that the peak of the decrease in the number of livestock in the republic occured in 1931, 1932 and 1933, when the number of livestock, which had already decreased in the previous years (1929–1930), sharply decreased. Moreover, the main trends in the reduction of the herd population for various types of livestock are shown. The author analyzes the consequences of the famine called “Asharshylyk” by the Kazakhs in Central Kazakhstan. The dynamics of the number and ethnic compo-sition of the population of the Central Kazakhstan region in 1926–1939 is considered, and the estimated de-mographic losses in the region during this period are indicated
Problems of the Soviet peasantry in the post-war decade in modern Russian historiography
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, K.K. Abdrakhmanova
Published: November 2024

The study of the problem of the Soviet peasantry in the post-war decade in modern Russian historiography is being updated in the context of fundamental changes connected to the opening of access to new archival doc-uments. Over the past decades there has been an increase in interest in the phenomenon of everyday life of Soviet people, including the peasantry, in Russian historical science. The presented wide layer of historiographic material was divided according to the problem principle: research on public sentiment, rela-tions between the peasantry and the state, the problem of hunger and food supply, political repression against the peasantry, collective farm life, etc. The author concludes that modern Russian historiography focuses on the study of various aspects of peasant everyday life.
Повышение вовлеченности граждан в процесс принятия решений территориального развития путем цифровизации
Authors: Алишарипов A.T. , Утепова Г.М. , Кусаинова Л.И.
Published: November 2024

Цель: Внедрение патисипаторного бюджетирования в цифром формате в целях повышения граждаской активности в принятии управленческих решении территориального развития. Гипотезой исследования: Цифровое патисипаторное бюджетирование повышают роль институтов местного самоуправления и граждаского ощества.
Методы: Контент-анализ был использован для изучения международного опыта и нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих деятельность местного самоуправления Республики Казахстан и статистические данные официальных структур.
Результаты: Согласно результатам анализа, на территориальное развитие развитых стран влияет политика децентрализации. Как местные самоуправления выполняют свою роль в распределении различных функций в рамках системы государственного управления, тесно связано с уровнем децентрализации, которая имеет решающее значение для регионального развития. Таким образом, в Казахстане проект «Организация комплекса мероприятий, направленных на развитие местного самоуправления» использует цифровую платформу патисипаторного бюджетирования, чтобы привлечь граждан, общественные организации, местные органы власти и собрания местного сообщества к равномерному развитию регионов страны.
Выводы: В настоящее время в Казахстане идет процесс создания новой модели взаимодействия между гражданами и государственным аппаратом, основанной на принципе «гуманизма». Исследования показывают, что использование цифровых платформ помогает гражданам участвовать в процессе принятия управленческих решений. Запущенный по всей республике проект «Берекелі Бастама» может помочь в развитии патисипаторного бюджетирования и развития территории в целом.
Роль государственного управления в оптимизации взаимосвязи городского транспортного комплекса и логистических услуг
Authors: Есенова M.T. , Бугубаева Р.О.
Published: November 2024

Цель: Основной целью исследования является анализ взаимосвязи между городским транспортным комплексом и логистическими услугами в Республике Казахстан необходимый для выявления ключевых факторов, влияющих на их эффективность и взаимодействие, а также разработка рекомендаций для оптимизации и улучшения интеграции этих двух компонентов в системе городской инфраструктуры.
Объект: Исследование освещает роль госуправления в оптимизации взаимосвязи между городским транспортным комплексом и логистическими услугами. Этот аспект исследования позволяет более глубоко понять механизмы воздействия государственной политики на функционирование и развитие транспортной и логистической инфраструктуры в городах, необходимые для разработки практических рекомендаций и улучшения взаимодействия между городским транспортом и логистическими услугами на основе анализа роли госуправления.
Результаты: В рамках исследования проведен анализ текущего состояния транспортных и логистических систем, выделены основные проблемы и потенциальные возможности для создания более эффективной, устой чивой и согласованной инфраструктуры, способствующей улучшению качества жизни граждан и развитию экономики региона.
Выводы: Улучшение взаимосвязи между городским транспортным комплексом и логистическими услуга ми в Республике Казахстан является важным шагом к устойчивому развитию страны, созданию благоприятных условий для её граждан и обеспечению экономического роста. Автором был сделан прогноз на 2023–2025 годы, с помощью корреляционно-регрессионного анализа, который свидетельствует что необходимо пересмотреть политику в отношении системы госуправления городским автотранспортом, а также разработать рекомендации по совершенствованию управления городской логистикой.
Экономический эффект потребления сахаросодержащих напитков в Казахстане и нормативные инициативы по сокращению их потребления
Authors: Омирбаева Б.С. , Серикбаев Н.С.
Published: November 2024

Цель: Целью исследования является оценка потенциального экономического ущерба от употребления сахаросодержащих напитков на основе коэффициента DALY, а также изучение стратегий регулирования, принятых в различных странах мира, и направленных на минимизацию потребления сахаросодержащих напитков, для возможности их применения в Казахстане.
Методы: Для проведения исследования были применены методы системного, сравнительного, функционального, экономико-статистического анализа и синтеза, математические методы.
Результаты: Добавление ненужных сахаров в пищевые продукты является важной глобальной проблемой, приводящей к многочисленным краткосрочным и долгосрочным проблемам со здоровьем и растущим рас ходам, связанных со здоровьем, как для отдельных лиц, так и для правительств. Избыточное потребление сахара приводит к неблагоприятным последствиям для здоровья, включая ожирение, сахарный диабет 2 типа, пло хое состояние полости рта, риски онкологических заболеваний и др. Глобальное бремя роста заболеваемости от потребления сахаросодержащих напитков имеет серьезные последствия не только для здравоохранения, но и экономики в целом. Так, размер потерянной прибыли при развитии заболеваний и продолжении употребления энергетических напитков составит 3,2 трлн тенге.
Выводы: В данном обзоре обобщен международный опыт в области налогообложения сахаросодержащих напитков и его эффективность. С точки зрения общественного здравоохранения налогообложение сахаросодержащих напитков рекомендовано на международном уровне в качестве приоритетного компонента комплексного подхода к профилактике ожирения и связанных с питанием неинфекционных заболеваний (далее — НИЗ) и борьбе с ними.
PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS DO ACORDO DE NÃO PERSECUÇÃO PENAL
Authors: Marques Raissa Kananda Alves , Galan Fernanda dos Santos Silva
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho objetiva a análise do Acordo de Não Persecução Penal, introduzido no Código de Processo Penal pela Lei 13.964/2019, que embora seja importante na teoria, tem sido arbitrário na prática, ponderar situações jurídicas que têm sido tratadas de maneiras opostas, onde tudo depende do membro do Ministério Público à frente do caso. A implementação do Acordo de Não Persecução Penal (ANPP), no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro é recente e não está livre de controvérsias. O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar a partir de um método dialético, utilizando-se de pesquisas bibliográficas e legislativas, a natureza do acordo, seus efeitos como sendo uma nova figura despenalizadora introduzida na Lei 13.964/2019, ou “Pacote Anticrime” e por fim, analisar posicionamentos a cerca dos riscos e benefícios da homologação do Acordo de Não Persecução Penal diante da confissão formal do investigado.
De la represión al surf: análisis sociológico de la transformación de la imagen de Peniche
Authors: Santos González Diego
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Este estudio examina la transformación de la imagen de Peniche, una ciudad costera en Portugal, desde su asociación con la represión durante la dictadura de Salazar hasta su reconocimiento actual como capital internacional del surf. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto, combinando entrevistas en profundidad con residentes, estudiantes de turismo y surfistas, y encuestas a visitantes. Además, se analizó la evolución de los símbolos de la ciudad. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que el surf ha desempeñado un papel crucial en la redefinición de la imagen de Peniche. Las entrevistas y encuestas revelaron un cambio drástico en la percepción de la ciudad, de un pasado oscuro a un destino turístico vibrante. Discusión: Las estrategias de comunicación y marketing han sido claves para este rebranding, utilizando eslóganes y símbolos que resonaron tanto con residentes como con visitantes. Conclusiones: Peniche ha logrado superar su pasado represivo mediante una combinación de esfuerzos comunitarios y estrategias de sostenibilidad, estableciéndose como un destino de surf de renombre mundial.
Desarrollo de competencias docentes en maestras/os en formación: integrando habilidades instrumentales, interpersonales y tecnológicas en el contexto musical
Authors: Esteve-Faubel José María , Chust-Pérez Verónica , Esteve-Faubel Rosa Pilar
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Resulta esencial que el alumnado adquiera tanto una formación instrumental sólida (hard skills) como habilidades interpersonales, esenciales para su éxito profesional y personal. Metodología: La investigación se basa en un enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales para la recolección de datos. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que, aunque el alumnado ya conocían las TIC antes de la intervención educativa, no tenían experiencia práctica. Las narrativas de los grupos focales indican que las TIC motivan la participación del alumnado en las tareas y fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades interpersonales. Discusión: Se muestra que la incorporación de Flipgrid cambió la dinámica del aula, impactando positivamente en el desarrollo de ambas habilidades, instrumentales e interpersonales. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la investigación sobre plataformas digitales y habilidades tanto instrumentales como interpersonales es un campo en constante evolución. Es necesario continuar investigando para mejorar la preparación de futuros docentes, ya que las TIC serán parte integral de su práctica profesional.
Container life in post-earthquake Croatia
Authors: Peternel Lana , Podjed Dan
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on experiences of people in the Banija region and specifically the town of Petrinja, Croatia, after an earthquake hit the area in December 2020. It presents their reflections on being confined to “container homes” in three different situations: living in container settlements on the outskirts of town; spending time in a container shopping center; and finding shelter in containers adjacent to destroyed houses. The study shows that temporary container housing frequently turned into permanent living and working solutions during the three years of post-earthquake reconstruction. It also argues the importance of acknowledging that the sense of isolation in disaster-affected areas and the loss of potential for renovation and development do not merely arise from “container life” but reveal the longer-run “polycrisis” involved.
Effect of Rhizospheric Bacteria Capable of Biosynthesis and/or Destruction of Phytohormones on the Growth Characteristics and Hormonal Status of Wheat Plants in Conditions of Water Scarcity
Authors: Timergalin M. D. , Feoktistova A. V. , Rameev T. V. , Bakaeva M. D. , Starikov S. N. , Sultangazin Z. R. , Chetverikov S. P.
Published: November 2024

The ability of various strains of soil bacteria to synthesize and/or destroy plant growth regulators: indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinins (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown. Bacteria stimulated the growth of shoots and roots of soft wheat under normal conditions of moisture and drought, had a significant effect on the content of phytohormones in shoots and roots of plants. The most promising growth stimulators were strains with an average level of IAA production in combination with the ability to destroy phytohormones: Pseudomonas protegens DA1.2, P. plecoglossicida 2.4-D and the cytokinin-producing strain P. chlororaphis IB-6.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential Maps in the Russian Cropland
Authors: Romanenkov V. A. , Meshalkina J. L. , Gorbacheva A. Y. , Krenke A. N. , Petrov I. K. , Golozubov O. M. , Rukhovich D. I.
Published: November 2024

Adaptation of the farming systems that aim to store carbon in agricultural soils may be one of the ways to address global climate change. Current study aims were at estimating organic carbon sequestration in the Russian cropland at a soil depth of 0-30 cm by creating a series of maps. Data from global and national databases were used as the input data. Maps were generated in the framework of the FAO Global Soil Carbon Sequestration Map (GSOCseq) project according to the unified methodology using the RothC model to predict the rate of carbon sequestration in the period 2020–2040 under the business-as-usual scenario, as well as under sustainable soil management scenarios with a different increase in organic matter intake (+5, +10 and +20%) due to the use of carbon-saving practices. The total potential rate of sequestration by cropland of the Russian Federation in a layer of 0–30 cm under business-as-usual scenario can be estimated as 8.5 Mt/year, the estimate under sustainable soil management scenarios can reach up to 25.5 Mt/year. It is shown that the carbon sequestration by cropland of each zone of soil-ecological zoning (except for the light chestnut and brown semi-desert soils, where it around zero) and on a national scale are positive. The following regions have the greatest potential for sequestration: Altai Krai, Omsk Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai. In a number of subjects of the Russian Federation: the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Crimea, the Rostov Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Kaliningrad Region, measures should be taken to introduce the practice of sustainable management of soil resources.
Soils of Steppe areas in the Cis-Tundra Open Woodland Subzone on the Right Bank of the Kolyma River in Its Lower Reaches
Authors: Fedorov-Davydov D. G. , Davydov S. P. , Gubin S. V. , Davydova A. I. , Zanina O. G. , Shchelchkova M. V. , Boeskorov G. G.
Published: November 2024

The small steppe plots (steppoids) occur at southern slopes among open larch forests of the Lower Kolyma area (northeast Siberia). Depending on a soil parent material they are divided into petrophytic (on a bedrock eluvo-diluvium) and thermophytic (on a silty loam of the Yedoma formation (Ice Complex)) steppoids. A xeromorphic deep thawing soils with diverse humus accumulative horizons, high roots content and considerable water stable powder-like structure develop under steppoids. Soils of steppoids are zooturbated, especially thermophytic ones. They differ from those of the surrounding taiga landscape in the following features: decreased actual and potential acidity; higher content of exchange bases, water-soluble salts, carbonates and organic nitrogen; smaller ratio between concentrations of oxalate- and dithionite-extractable iron. Dark mulle-like forms of humus on the surface of mineral grains are widely represented among the microaccumulations of organic matter in taiga-steppe soils. The cryoxerozem soil formation trait shows better in the event of petrophytic steppoids. Despite the similarity of the soils of thermophytic steppoids with steppe cryoarid ones, they differ in the absence of carbonate accumulative and criohumic horizons as well as the relatively high acidity. Flow-carbonaceous grey-humus lithozem and flow-carbonaceous grey-humus or duff dark-humus soils are distinguished within the petrophytic steppoids just as surface-turbated (zooturbated) grey-humus or duff dark-humus soils are distinguished within the thermophytic steppoids.
Spatio-Temporal Changes in Erosion-Accumulation Processes on a Small Watershed in the Northern Part of the Central Russian Upland
Authors: Golosov V. N. , Shamshurina E. N. , Kolos G. I. , Petel’ko A. I. , Zhidkin A. P.
Published: November 2024

First time comprehensive studies of soil erosion were carried out in a 42-hectare catchment area (near the Lomovets, Orel region) in the zone of Luvic Phaeozems with erosion resistance is significantly lower than that of Chernozems. Analysis of archival and historical cartographic materials showed that the duration of plowing of the catchment is 200 ± 10 years. The rates of soil erosion and accumulation over the entire plowing period, post Chernobyl period, last 50 ± 25 years and single erosion event (which occurred on May 31, 2022) were determined based on the use of field methods (soil-morphological, radiocesium, rain rills method, detailed survey using drone) and WaTEM/SEDEM erosion model calculation. The estimates of soil losses and accumulation indicate significant fluctuations in the rates of erosion-accumulative processes over the past 200 years, which are mainly due to the conditions of the formation of melt runoff, the repeatability and distribution of runoff-forming heavy rain within the warm season, the set of crops sown, the frequency and methods of tillage, changes in field boundaries. The average annual estimates of soil erosion for the agricultural period are higher than those for the post-Chernobyl period, since the rates of soil erosion have decreased in the last three decades. Estimates of soil losses using the WaTEM/SEDEM model are generally comparable with the results of determining soil losses based on the soil-morphological method, provided that the redistribution of sediment to the lower boundaries of arable land is taken into account. The spatial structure of a single erosive event turned out to be largely close to the spatial structure of the location of the areas of eroded and aggradational soils formed during the entire agricultural period.
Assessment of Different Sizes Silver Particles According to the Haplic Chernozem Biological Indicators
Authors: Tsepina N. I. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Minnikova T. V. , Ruseva A. S. , Trufanov D. A. , Kazeev K. S.
Published: November 2024

The ecotoxicity of Ag particles of different sizes was assessed by microbiological, biochemical and phytotoxic indicators of the upper layer (0-20 cm) of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) in a laboratory model experiment. We studied the effect of nano- (10 and 100 nm) and microparticles (1000 nm) of Ag at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg on the biological parameters of ordinary chernozem 30 days after contamination: the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases, ferrireductase, urease, peroxidase, poliphenoloxidase, invertase, phosphatase, the total number of bacteria, the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the number of germinated seeds and the length of radish roots. It was found that the ecotoxicity of Ag particles depends on their size: in most cases, Ag particles 10 nm in size had a stronger ecotoxic effect on biological parameters than particles 100 and 1000 nm in size. There were no significant differences in the ecotoxicity of 100 and 1000 nm Ag particles. The difference in the effects of Ag particles of different sizes increased with increasing Ag concentration in the soil: the higher the Ag concentration in the soil (from 1 to 100 mg/kg), the more pronounced the difference in ecotoxicity between 10 nm Ag particles and 100 and 1000 nm Ag particles. Phytotoxic indicators are more sensitive to contamination by Ag nanoparticles at all concentrations studied (1, 10 and 100 mg/ kg); total number of bacteria, invertase and phosphatase activity – at 10 and 100 mg/kg; the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and the activity of dehydrogenases – at 100 mg/kg. It is advisable to use these indicators in biodiagnostics of the ecotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles.
Assessment of Human External Respiration Parameters in Simulated Lunar Gravity and Microgravity
Authors: Puchkova A. A. , Katuntsev V. P. , Shpakov A. V. , Stavrovskaya D. M. , Primachenko G. K. , Baranov V. M.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents main results of experiments devoted to studying the influence of simulated microgravity and lunar gravity on the function of external respiration in humans. It has been shown that influence of human exposure to head-down bed rest (a model of the physiological effects of microgravity) and head-up bed rest (a model of the physiological effects of lunar gravity), similar to the influence of a horizontal position (bed rest), leads to a clinically insignificant decrease in the main respiratory parameters in the first hours of these analogue ground-based investigations. Subsequently, during hypokinesia, the marked changes are gradually levelled out. After cessation of experimental exposures, parameters of external respiration function are at the level of background values.
Beta1-Adrenoreceptor Reactivity of Human Myocardium in Ischemic Heart Disease with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction of Left Ventricular and ITS Relationship with Structural and Functional Parameters of the Heart
Authors: Afanasiev S. A. , Kondratieva D. S. , Muslimova E. F. , Korepanov V. A. , Zatolokin V. V. , Akhmedov Sh. D.
Published: November 2024

The relationship between adrenergic reactivity of isolated myocardium of the human right atrial appendage in coronary heart disease (CHD) with preserved and reduced ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) upon stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors (β1-AR) with echocardiography (EchoCG) parameters was studied. It has been shown that adrenergic reactivity, assessed by changes in the force of contractions of isolated myocardial strips in response to stimulation of β1-AR, in patients with preserved LVEF has positive dynamics at 20-minute observation. In reduced LVEF, adrenergic reactivity in response to β1-AR stimulation is weakened and does not have positive dynamics. In patients with CHD, myocardial adrenergic reactivity associated with β1-AR is a significant factor in determining intracardiac hemodynamics. This is manifested in the presence of correlations between the mechanical response of isolated myocardium upon stimulation of β1-AR and the results of echocardiography, and such correlations have different directions in patients with preserved and reduced EF. The discovered differences in the correlation of cardiac ultrasound parameters with the inotropic response of isolated myocardial fragments upon stimulation of β1-AR with preserved and reduced EF probably reflect the different severity of cardiac chamber remodeling and the state of general neurohumoral regulation in the conditions of the pathology under consideration.
Changes in the Basic Metabolic Rate of the Crew under conditions of Eight Months Isolation in a Hermetic Object with a Moderately Hypercapnic Artificial Gas Environment. Message 1
Authors: Demin A. V. , Zaripov R. N.
Published: November 2024

Within the framework of the SIRIUS international project, a study of the basic metabolism of a gender-mixed crew in a sealed object with a moderately high content of carbon dioxide in the artificial atmosphere was conducted. Using mathematical methods, we estimated the basic metabolic rate of a crew of 5 people (3 men and 2 women) at rest for 240 days of isolation when simulating a flight to the Moon in the “SIRIUS-21” experiment. The period of isolation lasted from 4.11.2021 to 3.07.2022. BMR studies were performed twice in the background (on –38–35, –6 days), 7 times during the isolation period (23–25, 50–52, 84–86, 110–112, 154–156, 181–183, 222–224 day) and twice during the aftereffect period (+1–2, +8–9 days). It was found that the basic metabolism in isolation decreased by an average of 6 kcal/kg of body weight per day compared with natural environmental conditions. The crew was isolated from the effects of seasonal lighting changes in a sealed facility, the Ground-Based Medical and Technical Facility (NEK) of the Scientific Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which does not have portholes, and where artificial lighting was created without seasonal changes. Inside the NEK, the comfort temperature was constantly maintained at +21–23 degrees Celsius and an artificial gas environment was formed, in which the oxygen content was maintained at 21%, carbon dioxide no more than 0.35%. In conditions of isolation from the action of these geophysical environmental factors, seasonal fluctuations in basal metabolism with a wave span of an average of 4 kcal /kg of body weight per day were detected: in the spring calendar season, the level of basal metabolism increased relative to the winter season. Seasonal local maximums and minimums of the basic exchange level for 2 calendar seasons (winter 2021/2022 and in spring 2022) were determined for each of the volunteers. The results obtained in this work can be applied in the field of space physiology to clarify the calculated oxygen reserves and caloric content of the crew’s rations for a long-term space mission, as well as in the design and programming of life support systems and thermal management systems for inhabited hermetic objects.
Forecast of Professional Success of Employee under Stress Factor: A New Approach
Authors: Zhukova G. V. , Sutormin O. S. , Stepanova L. V. , Kratasyuk V. A.
Published: November 2024

A new personalized approach is proposed to predict the professional suitability of railway transport workers under the influence of stressful factors, based on the study of the effect of salivary fluid of subjects before and after a work shift on the intensity of the glow of the bioenzyme reaction of luminous bacteria: NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase+luciferase. The integral method, which signals the magnitude of the stress effect, is based on changes in saliva components such as lactate, ions and cations, as well as nitrate and sulfate chlorides under the influence of stress. This made it possible to identify, using the example of Russian Railways dispatchers, a risk group and a group of stress-resistant workers, which is important to reduce accidents at Russian Railways. The conditions that reduce the stressful workload necessary for the development of effective measures for the prevention of stressful situations and the preservation of workers’ ability to work have been identified.
Increased Concentrations of Dopamine in the Blood and the State of the Immune System in Practically Healthy Residents of the Northern Territories
Authors: Dobrodeeva L. K. , Samodova A. V. , Patrakeeva V. P. , Balashova S. N. , Strekalovskaya M. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The numerous effects of dopamine are predetermined by the fact that it, being a chemical precursor of noradrenaline, is secreted in nervous tissue, in the adrenal medulla, kidneys, intestines, and APUD cells (Apudocytes). The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of immune reactions at elevated concentrations of dopamine in the blood of practically healthy residents of the northern territories. The results of an immunological examination of 1064 practically healthy people aged 25-55 years living in the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, as well as in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Svalbard archipelago (Barentsburg) were analyzed. It was found that elevated concentrations of dopamine in peripheral venous blood were more often recorded in Arctic residents; during the polar day, dopamine concentrations are higher than in winter. Increased concentrations of dopamine in the blood of Northerners are associated with a decrease in the level of activated T cells with the transferrin receptor and IL-2, T-helper cells, as well as with increased concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, cortisol and thyroxine. An increase in dopamine concentration may be a consequence of a cytokine reaction in the nervous tissue to inhibit excessive receptor activity of cells by increasing the concentration of IL-10. The formation of an excess of both central hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and peripheral hormones at the same time is probably due to an increase in the sensitivity threshold of the hypothalamus, which is associated with an increase in the flow of interoceptive impulses of afferent systems.
Dynamics of Natural Processes in the Baikal Region and their Conjugation
Authors: Zhamyanov Daba T.-D. , Batomunkuev Valentin S. , Gomboev Bair O. , Alexeev Alexey V. , Banzaraktcaev Zorikto E. , Norboeva Beligma S. , Rygzynov Tumun S. , Tsybikova Aryuna B.
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of indicators of a number of natural factors from 1970 to 2022 in the subjects of the Baikal region: air temperature, annual precipitation, water resources, and forest area affected by fires are considered in the article. A correlation analysis was carried out between the presented components in the territory under consideration, which revealed the strength of dependence from medium negative to highly positive. The results of the work carried out can be one of the bases for natural and economic regulation in the territory under consideration, predictive assessments of the dynamics of natural processes for their consideration in the complex of natural and socio-economic processes, as well as in planning and forecasting socio-economic activities in the territory of the subjects of the Baikal region.