bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shrinkage of Farmers Stock Peanuts During Storage1
Authors: Butts Christopher L. , Smith John S.
Published: April 2010

A3-yr study was conducted during crop years 1989–91 to determine the value loss (shrinkage) experienced during long-term storage of farmers stock peanuts. Typical warehouses used to store each of the three major peanut market types were selected in each of the peanut production regions of the United States. Peanuts were purchased and stored according to conventional operating procedures for at least 60 d, unloaded, and hauled to the shelling plant (regrade). The loan value of the peanuts was determined using the 1990 Peanut Loan Schedule based on official grades and weights at load-in, bailout, and the shelling plant. Data from samples shelled at the National Peanut Research Laboratory Pilot Shelling Plant were used to determine the difference between outturns estimated from the official grade and the actual shelling outturns after storage. The 3-yr average change in value from load-in to regrade for runner peanuts was −2.04%; Spanish peanuts was −2.81%; and Virginia peanuts was −4.17%. Increases in foreign material and loose shelled kernels due to handling during loading and unloading, and changes in the kernel size distribution contributed equally to the value loss for the runner peanuts. Moisture loss to levels below 7% was responsible for approximately 20% of the value loss in both the Spanish and Virginia peanuts. Redistribution of kernel size, primarily the increase in split kernels, resulted in approximately 25% of the loss experienced in virginia-type peanuts. An increase in foreign material percentage accounted for approximately 50% of the Virginia peanut value loss. Increased foreign material and loose shelled kernels accounted for approximately 66% of the loss experienced in the Spanish peanuts. The total kernel weight obtained when the peanuts were shelled averaged 1.5% less than that estimated from the official grades at the time of original purchase. All market types had decreased outturn of whole edible kernels and increased split kernels. A net decrease in edible kernel outturns of 1.3% was observed.
Mechanical Inoculation Procedure to Screen for Resistance to Groundnut Rosette Virus in Peanut1
Authors: Olorunju P. E. , Kuhn C. W. , Ansa O. A. , Misari S. M. , Demski J. W.
Published: April 2010

A mechanical inoculation procedure was developed for screening peanut plants for resistance to groundnut rosette virus (GRV) (green strain). A single inoculation resulted in 100% infection of plants of susceptible genotypes and about 2% of resistant plants which could be distinguished from susceptible ones on the basis of delayed time of first appearance of symptoms and disease severity. The procedure utilized highly infectious inoculum. The consistency and reliability of achieving infection should make the procedure particularly effective for inheritance of resistance studies and breeding programs.
Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1
Authors: Starr J. L. , Simpson C. E. , Lee T. A.
Published: April 2010

Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.
Plant Recovery from Embryonic Axes of Deteriorated Peanut Seed for Germplasm Renewal1
Authors: Morris J. B. , Dunn S. , Pittman R. N.
Published: April 2010

Embryo axes explants from deteriorated seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were incubated at a 16 hr photoperiod at 26 C on an MSB5 medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, and 8 g/L agar. Five to 8-wk-old plants regenerated from embryonic axes were transplanted to Jiffy pots in the greenhouse. Thirty-two samples of deteriorated seed between 2 and 32 yr old were evaluated. Significant differences in organogenesis were observed between different seed accessions. Shoots and roots were recovered from 74 and 36%, respectively, of embryonic axes explants. In the same experiment, seed producing plants were recovered from 14- to 31-yr-old deteriorated seed of E-2, PI 275704, Macrocarpa, G33, G34, G64, Strain No. 5, TMV 3, PI 290608, PI 295981, Sekelembwe, PI 298879, PI 337300, and PI 371850, by in vitro rescue of embryonic axes, while no plants were recovered from seed of 31 seed accessions germinated in the field. The in vitro rescue of embryonic axes can significantly increase the recovery of germplasm from deteriorated seed of peanut.
Response of Eight Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to the Herbicide AC 263,222
Authors: Richburg John S. , Wilcut John W. , Culbreath Albert K. , Kvien Craig K.
Published: April 2010

Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 in Georgia evaluated the response of the peanut cultivars Florunner, Georgia Runner, Goldkist GK 7, NC 7, NC-V11, Southern Runner, Sunrunner, and AgraTech VC-1 to AC 263,222 applied early-postemergence (EPOST) at 71 g ha-1. Visual injury, which was less than 13%, was independent of cultivar, and injury was not evident on any cultivar midseason. AC 263,222 slightly reduced canopy width consistently on all cultivars. The only significant effect on percentage fancy pods, medium, No. 1, sound splits, damaged, and other kernels was the main effect of cultivar. There was a significant cultivar, AC 263,222, and cultivar-by-AC 263,222 effect on extra large kernels (ELK) and jumbo kernel percentages. Southern Runner and NC-V11 had significantly lower percentage jumbo and ELK, respectively when treated with AC 263,222. In addition, Florunner and Sunrunner also had numerically less percentage jumbo kernels. Reductions in percentages of ELK and jumbo were probably the result of AC 263,222-induced maturity delays. However, these reductions were not reflected in peanut yields. The occurence of late and early leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and southern stem rot was independent of both cultivar and AC 263,222.
Current Research and Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Melanoma
Authors: Hsan Kyaw Minn , Chen Chun-Chieh , Shyur Lie-Fen
Published: April 2010

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and an increasingly common disease worldwide. It remains one of the most treatment-refractory malignancies. The current treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma are limited and in most cases non-curative. This review focuses on conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for melanoma treatment, by a single or combinational agent approach, but also summarizes some potential novel phytoagents discovered from dietary vegetables or traditional herbal medicines as alternative options or future medicine for melanoma prevention. We explore the mode of actions of these natural phytoagents against metastatic melanoma.
Modulation of Radiation-Induced Genetic Damage by HCMV in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from a Brain Tumor Case-Control Study
Authors: Rourke Elizabeth A. , Lopez Mirtha S. , Monroy Claudia M. , Scheurer Michael E. , Etzel Carol J. , Albrecht Thomas , Bondy Melissa L. , El-Zein Randa A.
Published: April 2010

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection occurs early in life and viral persistence remains through life. An association between HCMV infection and malignant gliomas has been reported, suggesting that HCMV may play a role in glioma pathogenesis and could facilitate an accrual of genotoxic damage in the presence of g-radiation; an established risk factor for gliomas. We tested the hypothesis that HCMV infection modifies the sensitivity of cells to γ-radiation-induced genetic damage. We used peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 110 glioma patients and 100 controls to measure the level of chromosome damage and cell death. We evaluated baseline, HCMV-, γ-radiation and HCMV + γ-radiation induced genetic instability with the comprehensive Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus Cytome (CBMN-CYT). HCMV, similar to radiation, induced a significant increase in aberration frequency among cases and controls. PBLs infected with HCMV prior to challenge with γ-radiation led to a significant increase in aberrations as compared to baseline, γ-radiation and HCMV alone. With regards to apoptosis, glioma cases showed a lower percentage of induction following in vitro exposure to γ-radiation and HCMV infection as compared to controls. This strongly suggests that, HCMV infection enhances the sensitivity of PBLs to γ-radiation-induced genetic damage possibly through an increase in chromosome damage and decrease in apoptosis.
Crowbar System in Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generators
Authors: Salles Maurício B. C. , Hameyer Kay , Cardoso José R. , Grilo Ahda. P. , Rahmann Claudia
Published: April 2010

In the last 15 years, the use of doubly fed induction machines in modern variable-speed wind turbines has increased rapidly. This development has been driven by the cost reduction as well as the low-loss generation of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT). According to new grid code requirements, wind turbines must remain connected to the grid during grid disturbances. Moreover, they must also contribute to voltage support during and after grid faults. The crowbar system is essential to avoid the disconnection of the doubly fed induction wind generators from the network during faults. The insertion of the crowbar in the rotor circuits for a short period of time enables a more efficient terminal voltage control. As a general rule, the activation and the deactivation of the crowbar system is based only on the DC-link voltage level of the back-to-back converters. In this context, the authors discuss the critical rotor speed to analyze the instability of doubly fed induction generators during grid faults.
Oxidative Stress, Molecular Inflammation and Sarcopenia
Authors: Meng Si-Jin , Yu Long-Jiang
Published: April 2010

Sarcopenia is the decline of muscle mass and strength with age. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress and molecular inflammation play important roles in age-related muscle atrophy. The two factors may interfere with the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, and induce apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the major signaling pathways that are activated or inactivated during the oxidative stress and molecular inflammation seen in aged skeletal muscle. Combined interventions that may be required to reverse sarcopenia, such as exercise, caloric restriction, and nutrition, will also be discussed.
Dental Implant Systems
Authors: Oshida Yoshiki , Tuna Elif B. , Aktören Oya , Gençay Koray
Published: April 2010

Among various dental materials and their successful applications, a dental implant is a good example of the integrated system of science and technology involved in multiple disciplines including surface chemistry and physics, biomechanics, from macro-scale to nano-scale manufacturing technologies and surface engineering. As many other dental materials and devices, there are crucial requirements taken upon on dental implants systems, since surface of dental implants is directly in contact with vital hard/soft tissue and is subjected to chemical as well as mechanical bio-environments. Such requirements should, at least, include biological compatibility, mechanical compatibility, and morphological compatibility to surrounding vital tissues. In this review, based on carefully selected about 500 published articles, these requirements plus MRI compatibility are firstly reviewed, followed by surface texturing methods in details. Normally dental implants are placed to lost tooth/teeth location(s) in adult patients whose skeleton and bony growth have already completed. However, there are some controversial issues for placing dental implants in growing patients. This point has been, in most of dental articles, overlooked. This review, therefore, throws a deliberate sight on this point. Concluding this review, we are proposing a novel implant system that integrates materials science and up-dated surface technology to improve dental implant systems exhibiting bio- and mechano-functionalities.
The Sponge-associated Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis SAB1: A Source of Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Devi Prabha , Wahidullah Solimabi , Rodrigues Cheryl , Souza Lisette D.
Published: April 2010

Several bacterial cultures were isolated from sponge Halichondria sp., collected from the Gujarat coast of the Indo Pacific region. These bacterial cultures were fermented in the laboratory (100 mL) and the culture filtrate was assayed for antibiotic activity against 16 strains of clinical pathogens. Bacillus sp. (SAB1), the most potent of them and antagonistic to several clinically pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus was chosen for further investigation. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA gene of Bacillus sp. SAB1 showed a strong similarity (100%) with the 16S rDNA gene of Bacillus licheniformis HNL09. The bioactive compounds produced by Bacillus licheniformis SAB1 (GenBank accession number: DQ071568) were identified as indole (1), 3-phenylpropionic acid (2) and a dimer 4,4′-oxybis[3-phenylpropionic acid] (3) on the basis of their Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (ESI-MS) data. There is a single reference on the natural occurrence of compound 3 from the leaves of a terrestrial herb Aptenia cordifolia in the literature, so to the best of our knowledge, this is a first report of its natural occurrence from a marine source. The recovery of bacterial strains with antimicrobial activity suggests that marine-invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.
Organocatalytic Michael Addition of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Indane Compounds to Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Jiang Zhen-Yu , Yang Hua-Meng , Ju Ya-Dong , Li Li , Luo Meng-Xian , Lai Guo-Qiao , Jiang Jian-Xiong , Xu Li-Wen
Published: April 2010

To map out the efficient organocatalyst requirements in the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl indane compounds to nitrostyrenes, a dozen different amino organocatalysts containing a p-toluenesulfonyl group (Ts) have been evaluated; excellent enantio-selectivities (up to er 92:8) were obtained with a primary amine-based Ts-DPEN catalyst and a plausible catalytic reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
Dendrimers Containing Ferrocene and Porphyrin Moieties: Synthesis and Cubic Non-Linear Optical Behavior
Authors: Morales-Espinoza Eric G. , Sanchez-Montes Karla E. , Klimova Elena , Klimova Tatiana , Lijanova Irina V. , Maldonado José L. , Ramos-Ortíz Gabriel , Hernández-Ortega Simón , Martínez-García Marcos
Published: April 2010

Dendrons with ferrocenyl ended groups joined by styryl moieties were attached to a porphyrin core. All the dendrons used for dendrimer synthesis showed trans configuration. The chemical structure of the first generation dendron was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. The structure of the synthesized dendrimers was confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR, electrospray mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Cubic non-linear optical behavior of the ferrocene and porphyrin-containing dendrimers was studied in solid thin films by THG Maker-Fringe technique at 1,260 nm.
Antioxidant Capacity of Macaronesian Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Tavares Lucélia , Carrilho Dina , Tyagi Meenu , Barata David , Serra Ana Teresa , Duarte Catarina Maria Martins , Duarte Rui Oliveira , Feliciano Rodrigo Pedro , Bronze Maria Rosário , Chicau Paula , Espírito-Santo Maria Dalila , Ferreira Ricardo Boavida , Dos Santos Cláudia Nunes
Published: April 2010

The use of many traditional medicinal plants is often hampered by the absence of a proper biochemical characterization, essential to identify the bioactive compounds present. The leaves from five species endemic to the Macaronesian islands with recognized ethnobotanical applications were analysed: Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm., Ocotea foetens (Ainton) Baill, Prunus azorica (Mouill.) Rivas-Mart., Lousã, Fern. Prieto, E. Días, J.C. Costa & C. Aguiar, Rumex maderensis Lowe and Plantago arborescens Poir. subsp. maderensis (Dcne.) A. Hans. et Kunk.. Since oxidative stress is a common feature of most diseases traditionally treated by these plants, it is important to assess their antioxidant capacity and determine the molecules responsible for this capacity. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of these plants against two of the most important reactive species in human body (hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals) was determined. To trace the antioxidant origin total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the polyphenolic profile and the amount of trace elements were determined. There was a wide variation among the species analysed in what concerns their total leaf phenol and flavonoid contents. From the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) electrochemically detected peaks it was possible to attribute to flavonoids the antioxidant capacity detected in A. barbujana, O. foetens, R. maderensis and P. azorica extracts. These potential reactive flavonoids were identified for A. barbujana, R. maderensis and P. azorica. For R. maderensis a high content (7 mg g-1 dry weight) of L-ascorbic acid, an already described antioxidant phytomolecule, was found. A high content in selenomethionine (414.35 μg g-1 dry weight) was obtained for P. arborescens subsp. maderensis extract. This selenocompound is already described as a hydroxyl radical scavenger is reported in this work as also possessing peroxyl radical scavenging capacity. This work is a good illustration of different phytomolecules (flavonoids, organic acids and selenocompounds), presents in leaves of the five traditional medicinal plants endemic to Macaronesia, all exhibiting antioxidant properties.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Sitophilus zeamais of the Essential Oils of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia mongolica
Authors: Liu Zhi Long , Chu Sha Sha , Liu Quan Ru
Published: April 2010

In our screening program for new agrochemicals from local wild plants, Artemisia capillaris and A. mongolica were found to possess insecticidal activity against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. The essential oils of aerial parts of the two plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and were investigated by GC and GC-MS. The main components of A. capillaris essential oil were 1,8-cineole (13.75%), germacrene D (10.41%), and camphor (8.57%). The main constituents of A. mongolica essential oil were α-pinene (12.68%), germacrene D (8.36%), and γ-terpinene (8.17%). Essential oils of A. capillaris and A. mongolica possess fumigant toxicity against S. zeamais adults with LC50 values of 5.31 and 7.35 mg/L respectively. The essential oils also show contact toxicity against S. zeamais adults with LD50 values of 105.95 and 87.92 mg/adult, respectively.
Influence of Solvent, Electron Acceptors and Arenes on Photochemical Decarboxylation of Free Carboxylic Acids via Single Electron Transfer (SET)
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuharu , Hayashi Shota , Nishikawa Keisuke , Haga Yoshiki , Maeda Kousuke , Morita Toshio , Itou Tatsuya , Okada Yutaka , Ichinose Nobuyuki , Hatanaka Minoru
Published: April 2010

Single electron transfer (SET)-photochemical decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids was performed in a polar solvent using several arenes such as phenanthrene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, triphenylene, and chrysene in the presence of various electron acceptors such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicyanobenzenes, methyl 4-cyanobenzoate, and 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene. The decarboxylation reaction was influenced by the arenes, electron acceptors, and solvent. The best result was achieved by the photoreaction using biphenyl and 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene in aqueous acetonitrile.
New Chiral Phosphoramidite Complexes of Iron as Catalytic Precursors in the Oxidation of Activated Methylene Groups
Authors: Shejwalkar Pushkar , Rath Nigam P. , Bauer Eike B.
Published: April 2010

New phosphoramidite complexes of iron were synthesized and structurally characterized. Reaction of the known chiral phosphoramidites (RO)2PNR’2 (R = binaphthyl, R’ = CH3, 1a; R = binaphthyl, R’ = benzyl, 1b) with [FeBr(Cp)(CO)2] afforded the title compounds [FeBr(Cp)(CO)(1a,b)] (4a,b) in 34 and 65 % isolated yields as mixtures of diastereomers, since both the metal and the ligand are stereogenic. Similarly, reaction of 1b with [Fe(Cp)I(CO)2] in the presence of catalytic [Fe(Cp)(CO)2]2 afforded [Fe(Cp)I(CO)(1b)] (5b) in 81% yield as a mixture of diastereomers. The molecular structures of 4a, 4b and 5 were determined, revealing a pseudo octahedral coordination geometry about the iron center. The new metal complexes are catalytically active in the oxidation of benzylic methylene groups to the corresponding ketones, utilizing t-BuOOH as oxidant (2 mol% catalyst, 36 h, room temperature, 31−80% yield).
Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Klein Amir , Eliakim Rami
Published: April 2010

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are an immune mediated chronic or relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBD is characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammatory process with various components contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease including environmental factors such as smoking or use of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS). NSAIDS are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. The main factor limiting NSAIDS use is the concern for the development of gastrointestinal toxicity including mucosal injury. A possible association between the use of NSAIDS and the onset or relapse of IBD has been repeatedly suggested. This article will review the current concepts and evidence of the relationship between IBD and NSAIDS.
Flexible Temperature Sensor Array Based on a Graphite-Polydimethylsiloxane Composite
Authors: Shih Wen-Pin , Tsao Li-Chi , Lee Chian-Wen , Cheng Ming-Yuan , Chang Chienliu , Yang Yao-Joe , Fan Kuang-Chao
Published: April 2010

This paper presents a novel method to fabricate temperature sensor arrays by dispensing a graphite-polydimethylsiloxane composite on flexible polyimide films. The fabricated temperature sensor array has 64 sensing cells in a 4 × 4 cm2 area. The sensor array can be used as humanoid artificial skin for sensation system of robots. Interdigitated copper electrodes were patterned on the flexible polyimide substrate for determining the resistivity change of the composites subjected to ambient temperature variations. Polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix. Composites of different graphite volume fractions for large dynamic range from 30 ºC to 110 ºC have been investigated. Our experiments showed that graphite powder provided the composite high temperature sensitivity. The fabricated temperature sensor array has been tested. The detected temperature contours are in good agreement with the shapes and magnitudes of different heat sources.
A Miniature System for Separating Aerosol Particles and Measuring Mass Concentrations
Authors: Liang Dao , Shih Wen-Pin , Chen Chuin-Shan , Dai Chi-An
Published: April 2010

We designed and fabricated a new sensing system which consists of two virtual impactors and two quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for measuring particle mass concentration and size distribution. The virtual impactors utilized different inertial forces of particles in air flow to classify different particle sizes. They were designed to classify particle diameter, d, into three different ranges: d < 2.28 μm, 2.28 μm ≤ d ≤ 3.20 μm, d > 3.20 μm. The QCM sensors were coated with a hydrogel, which was found to be a reliable adhesive for capturing aerosol particles. The QCM sensor coated with hydrogel was used to measure the mass loading of particles by utilizing its characteristic of resonant frequency shift. An integrated system has been demonstrated.
Helical Virus Structure: The Case of the Rhabdovirus Bullet
Authors: Brown Jay C. , Newcomb William W. , Wertz Gail W.
Published: April 2010

Commentary on Ge, P.; Tsao, J.; Schein, S.; Green, T.J.; Luo, M.; Zhou, Z.H. Cryo-EM model of the bullet-shaped vesicular stomatitis virus. Science 2010, 327, 689-693.
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical α,ω-nucleobase amide-conjugated systems
Authors: Boncel Sławomir , Mączka Maciej , Koziol Krzysztof K K , Motyka Radosław , Walczak Krzysztof Z
Published: April 2010

We present the synthesis and selected physicochemical properties of several novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical α,ω-nucleobase mono- and bis-amide conjugated systems containing aliphatic, aromatic or saccharidic linkages. The final stage of the synthesis involves condensation of a subunit bearing carboxylic group with an amine subunit. 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) was found to be a particularly effective condensing agent. The subunits containing carboxylic groups were obtained by acidic hydrolysis of N-1 Michael adducts of uracils or N-9 Michael adducts of 6-chloropurine with methyl acrylate. The amines used were aliphatic/aromatic diamines, adenine, 5-substituted 1-(ω-aminoalkyl)uracils and 5′-amino-2′,5′-dideoxythymidine. The title compounds may find application as antiprotozoal agents. Moreover, preliminary microscopy TEM studies of supramolecular behaviour showed that target molecules with bolaamphiphilic structures were capable of forming highly ordered assemblies, mainly nanofibres.
Additive Value of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide on RestTl-Dipyridamole StressTc-Sestamibi Gated Myocardial SPECT in Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Sir Jung-Ju , Cho Young-Seok , Chung Woo-Young , Koo Bon-Kwon , Chae In-Ho , Choi Dong-Ju , Kim Hyo-Soo , Oh Byung-Hee , Park Young-Bae
Published: April 2010

We evaluated whether BNP has additive value to SPECT in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function. Data from 224 consecutive patients who underwent restTl-dipyridamole stressTc-sestamibi gated SPECT and coronary angiography due to chest pain were analyzed. Patients with true positive SPECT showed significant higher BNP level than those with false positive defect (38.5 (19.0–79.8) versus 19.0 (9.3–35.8),P=.01). Patients with true negative SPECT also showed significantly lower BNP level than those with false negative SPECT (39.0 (23.0–77.0) versus 22.0 (15.0–43.0),P=.002). In multivariate analyses, elevated BNP level (using a cut-off value of 23.0 pg/mL) was the strongest and independent predictor of CAD in overall patients (OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.50–5.023,P=.001) and patients with positive SPECT (OR 3.34, 95% CI: 1.51–7.37,P=.003). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for CAD in overall patients and patients with positive SPECT was 0.673 (95% CI: 0.603–0.743,P<.001) and 0.694 (95% CI: 0.602–0.786,P<.001), respectively. This study suggests that BNP level has additive diagnostic value to SPECT findings in predicting CAD in patients with normal LV systolic function.
Riedel's Thyroiditis and Multifocal Fibrosclerosis are part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum
Authors: Dahlgren Mollie , Khosroshahi Arezou , Nielsen G. Petur , Deshpande Vikram , Stone John H.
Published: April 2010

Objective

Riedel's thyroiditis is a chronic fibrosing disorder of unknown etiology often associated with “multifocal fibrosclerosis.” IgG4‐related systemic disease is characterized by IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis throughout many organs. We hypothesized that Riedel's thyroiditis is part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum.

Methods

We searched our institution's pathology database using the terms “Riedel's,” “struma,” “thyroid,” and “fibrosis,” and identified 3 cases of Riedel's thyroiditis. Riedel's thyroiditis was diagnosed if there was a fibroinflammatory process involving all or a portion of the thyroid gland, with evidence of extension of the process into surrounding tissues. Immunohistochemical stains for IgG4 and IgG were performed. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of each involved organ were evaluated. The clinical features of one patient with multiple organ system disease were described.

Results

All 3 thyroidectomy samples stained positively for IgG4‐bearing plasma cells. One patient had extensive extrathyroidal involvement diagnostic of IgG4‐related systemic disease, including cholangitis, pseudotumors of both the lung and lacrimal gland, and a lymph node contiguous to the thyroid that stained intensely for IgG4+ plasma cells. The histologic features of all organs involved were consistent with IgG4‐related systemic disease. Patient 3 had 10 IgG4+ plasma cells per high‐power field initially, but rebiopsy 2 years later demonstrated no IgG4+ plasma cells. That patient's second biopsy, characterized by fibrosis and minimal residual inflammation, further solidifies the link between IgG4‐bearing plasma cells in tissue and the histologic evolution to Riedel's thyroiditis.

Conclusion

Riedel's thyroiditis is part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum. In many cases, multifocal fibrosclerosis and IgG4‐related systemic disease are probably the same entity.
Is a “false‐positive” clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis just the early diagnosis of pre–radiographic disease?
Authors: Peat George , Thomas Elaine , Duncan Rachel , Wood Laurence
Published: April 2010

Objective

In routine practice, diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (OA) currently relies on the combination of conventional risk factors and the presence of cardinal signs and symptoms. However, their role in early diagnosis has received little attention compared with biomarker research.

Methods

Using data from 122 adults ages ≥50 years with knee pain but no definite radiographic OA, we tested whether the clinical diagnostic probability of OA, based on risk factors, signs, and symptoms, was associated with subsequent incidence of radiographic OA 3 years later.

Results

Clinical diagnostic probability performed only modestly in discriminating incident radiographic knee OA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.70).

Conclusion

Improving the measurement of conventional markers and using study designs that test the ability of new biomarkers to add to or replace conventional markers are priorities for research in the early diagnosis of OA.
Varus–valgus laxity and passive stiffness in medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Creaby Mark W. , Wrigley Tim V. , Lim Boon Whatt , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Metcalf Ben R. , Hinman Rana S. , Bennell Kim L.
Published: April 2010

Objective

To compare differences in knee varus and valgus angular laxity and passive mechanical stiffness between asymptomatic knees and those with mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A total of 127 participants with symptomatic medial tibiofemoral OA and 32 asymptomatic controls participated. OA knees were stratified according to radiographic severity. Varus–valgus laxity was evaluated using a customized dynamometer, providing continuous measurement of varus–valgus joint angle and torque. The following indices were calculated: 1) varus, valgus, and total angular laxity, 2) end‐range varus and valgus stiffness, and 3) midrange stiffness.

Results

There was no difference in varus, valgus, and total angular laxity, or varus and valgus end‐range stiffness between the groups (P > 0.05 for all). The OA groups were less stiff in the midrange compared with the controls (P = 0.004–0.043).

Conclusion

The absence of differences in total angular laxity is contrary to previous findings, and may be associated with the failure of previous work to account for body size effects. Less midrange stiffness in OA participants compared with controls may indicate less rotational support provided by passive joint structures in knee OA within the functionally important range. The role of passive varus–valgus stiffness in disease onset and progression is worthy of further investigation.
Chromatographic partitioning of cesium by a macroporous silica‐calix[4]arene‐crown supramolecular recognition composite
Authors: Zhang Anyun , Hu Qihui , Chai Zhifang
Published: April 2010

A macroporous silica‐based 1,3‐[(2,4‐diethyl‐heptylethoxy)oxy]‐2,4‐crown‐6‐calix[4]arene (Calix[4]arene‐R14) supramolecular recognition polymeric composite, (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P, was synthesized. It was performed by impregnating and immobilizing Calix[4]arene‐R14 and n‐octanol into the pores of the macroporous SiO2‐P particles support. n‐Octanol was used to modify Calix[4]arene‐R14 through hydrogen bonding. The effect of eight typical fission products contained in highly active liquid waste (HLW) on the adsorption of Cs(I), one of the heat generators, was investigated at 298 K by examining the effect of contact time and the HNO3 concentration in a range of 0.3–7.0 M. (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P showed excellent adsorption ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) at 4.0 M HNO3 over the tested elements. The partitioning of Cs(I) from a simulated HLW was operated by (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P packed column. Cs(I) was able to be effectively eluted by water and separated from the tested metals. It is demonstrated that (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P is promising to apply in chromatographic separation of Cs(I) from HLW. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
XPC genetic polymorphisms correlate with the response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guillem Vicent M. , Cervantes Francisco , Martínez Jesús , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Collado María , Camós Mireia , Sureda Anna , Maffioli Margherita , Marugán Isabel , Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos
Published: April 2010

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the BCR‐ABL protein, which promotes the proliferation and viability of the leukemic cells. Moreover, BCR‐ABL induces genomic instability that can contribute to the emergence of resistant clones to the ABL kinase inhibitors. It is currently unknown whether the inherited individual capability to repair DNA damage could affect the treatment results. To address this, a comprehensive analysis of single nucleotide polimorfisms (SNPs) on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes (ERCC2‐ERCC8, RPA1‐RPA3, LIG1, RAD23B, XPA, XPC) was performed in 92 chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib upfront. ERCC5 and XPC SNPs correlated with the response to imatinib. Haplotype analysis of XPC showed that the wild‐type haplotype (499C‐939A) was associated with a better response to imatinib. Moreover, the 5‐year failure free survival for CA carriers was significantly better than that of the non‐CA carriers (98% vs. 73%; P = 0.02). In the multivariate logistic model with genetic data and clinical covariates, the hemoglobin (Hb) level and the XPC haplotype were independently associated with the treatment response, with patients having a Hb ≤11 g/dl (Odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–16.1) or a non‐CA XPC haplotype (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.6–10.6) being at higher risk of suboptimal response/treatment failure. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the NER pathway may influence the results to imatinib treatment in CML. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coming to grips with complex disorders: Genetic risk prediction in bipolar disorder using panels of genes identified through convergent functional genomics
Authors: Patel S.D. , Le‐Niculescu H. , Koller D.L. , Green S.D. , Lahiri D.K. , McMahon F.J. , Nurnberger J.I. , Niculescu A.B.
Published: April 2010

We previously proposed and provided proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), combining gene expression and genetic data, from human and animal model studies, as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics‐only approach [Le‐Niculescu et al., 2009b]. CFG provides a fit‐to‐disease prioritization of genes that leads to generalizability in independent cohorts, and counterbalances the fit‐to‐cohort prioritization inherent in classic genetic‐only approaches, which have been plagued by poor reproducibility across cohorts. We have now extended our previous work to include more datasets of GWAS, and more recent evidence from other lines of work. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder. Biological pathway analyses identified top canonical pathways, and epistatic interaction testing inside these pathways has identified genes that merit future follow‐up as direct interactors (intra‐pathway epistasis, INPEP). Moreover, we have put together a panel of best P‐value single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on the top candidate genes we identified. We have developed a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) based on our panel, and demonstrate how in two independent test cohorts the GRPS differentiates between subjects with bipolar disorder and normal controls, in both European‐American and African‐American populations. Lastly, we describe a prototype of how such testing could be used to categorize disease risk in individuals and aid personalized medicine approaches, in psychiatry and beyond. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive overexpression of BAFF in autoimmune‐resistant mice drives only some aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus–like autoimmunity
Authors: Stohl William , Jacob Noam , Guo Shunhua , Morel Laurence
Published: April 2010

Objective

To determine whether overexpression of BAFF can promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–like autoimmunity in mice that are otherwise autoimmune‐resistant.

Methods

We used class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–deficient C57BL/6 (B6) mice as a model of resistance to SLE and Sles1‐bearing B6 mice as a model of resistance to the autoantibody‐promoting capacity of the Sle1 region. We generated BAFF‐transgenic (Tg) counterparts to these respective mice and evaluated lymphocyte phenotype, serologic autoimmunity, renal immunopathology, and clinical disease in the BAFF‐Tg and non‐Tg mouse sets.

Results

Although constitutive BAFF overexpression did not lead to B cell expansion in class II MHC–deficient B6 mice, it did lead to increased serum IgG autoantibody levels. Nevertheless, renal immunopathology was limited, and clinical disease did not develop. In B6 and B6.Sle1 mice, constitutive BAFF overexpression led to increased numbers of B cells and CD4+ memory cells, as well as increased serum IgG and IgA autoantibody levels. Renal immunopathology was modestly greater in BAFF‐Tg mice than in their non‐Tg counterparts, but again, clinical disease did not develop. Introduction of the Sles1 region into B6.Sle1.Baff mice abrogated the BAFF‐driven increase in CD4+ memory cells and the Sle1‐driven, but not the BAFF‐driven, increase in serum IgG antichromatin levels. Renal immunopathology was substantially ameliorated.

Conclusion

Although constitutive BAFF overexpression in otherwise autoimmune‐resistant mice led to humoral autoimmunity, meaningful renal immunopathology and clinical disease did not develop. This raises the possibility that BAFF overexpression, even when present, may not necessarily drive disease in some SLE patients. This may help explain the heterogeneity of the clinical response to BAFF antagonists in human SLE.
Protein phosphorylation and kinome profiling reveal altered regulation of multiple signaling pathways in B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Taher Taher E. , Parikh Kaushal , Flores‐Borja Fabian , Mletzko Salvinia , Isenberg David A. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Mageed Rizgar A.
Published: April 2010

Objective

The cause of B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Previously, we identified abnormalities in the level and translocation of signaling molecules in B cells in SLE patients. The present study was undertaken to examine the extent of signaling abnormalities that relate to altered B cell responses in SLE.

Methods

B lymphocytes from 88 SLE patients and 72 healthy controls were isolated from blood by negative selection. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cellular kinase levels were analyzed by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and a kinome array protocol. Changes in protein phosphorylation were determined in ex vivo B cells and following B cell receptor engagement.

Results

Differences in tyrosine phosphorylation in B cells from patients with SLE, compared with matched controls, were demonstrated. Further, the kinome array analysis identified changes in the activation of key kinases, i.e., the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, which regulates survival and differentiation, was up‐regulated and the activity of Rac and Rho kinases, which regulate the cytoskeleton and migration, was increased. In contrast, the activity of ATR, which regulates the cell cycle, was down‐regulated in SLE patients compared with controls. Differences in signaling pathways were seen in all SLE B lymphocyte subsets that manifested phenotypic features of immature, mature, and memory cells.

Conclusion

This study revealed dysregulation in multiple signaling pathways that control key responses in B cells of SLE patients. Data generated in this study provide a molecular basis for further analysis of the altered B lymphocyte responses in SLE.
Generation of Patterned Neuronal Networks on Cell‐Repellant Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate) Films
Authors: Kang Kyungtae , Kang Gyumin , Lee Bong Soo , Choi Insung S. , Nam Yoonkey
Published: April 2010

The utilization of non‐biofouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pOEGMA) films as a background material for the generation of neuronal patterns is reported here. Our previously reported method, which was surface‐initiated, atom transfer radical polymerization of OEGMA, and subsequent activation of terminal hydroxyl groups of pOEGMA with disuccinimidyl carbonate, was employed for the generation of activated pOEGMA films on glass. Poly‐L‐lysine was then microcontact‐printed onto the activated polymer films, followed by backfilling with poly(ethylene glycol) moieties. E18 hippocampal neurons were cultured on the chemically patterned substrate, and the resulting neuronal networks were analyzed by phase‐contrast microscopy and whole‐cell patch clamp method. The results indicated that the pOEGMA films played an important role in the generation of good‐quality neuronal patterns for up to two weeks without any negative effects to neurons.
Integration von TGA‐Installationen im Aufbeton von Spannbeton‐Elementplatten
Authors: Geistefeldt Helmut , Klaus Martin
Published: April 2010

Im Hinblick auf eine Ressourcen schonende Bauweise ist eine möglichst flexible Gestaltung der Raumaufteilung bei Wohn‐ und Geschäftsgebäuden über die erste Nutzungsperiode hinaus wünschenswert. Dazu eignen sich Spannbeton‐Elementdecken in besonderer Weise. Aufgrund dieser Bauart wird es auch möglich, eine Vielzahl von Leitungen der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung einfach auf der Fertigplatte in die Ortbetonergänzung der Decke zu integrieren. Realistische Querschnittsschwächungen wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit TGA‐Planern für den üblichen Wohn‐ und Geschäftsbau ermittelt. Die auftretenden Querschnittsschwächungen der Decke werden in statischer Hinsicht beurteilt. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass diese Querschnittsschwächungen ohne weitere Maßnahmen, allein unter Beachtung von konstruktiven Regeln in weiten Bereichen der Decke zulässig sind.

Implementation of Building Services' Installations on Top of Prestressed Precast Plates at Composite Concrete Floors

With regard to the sustainable use of new housing and commercial buildings, a maximum flexibility of space should be achieved providing far more than its initial conceived use. Composite floors of prestressed precast plates with an in‐situ solid concrete topping serve to meet this requirement very well. It is also easily possible to install a lot of different building services' ducts and lines on top of the prestressed precast plate on site without impact of later design modification before in‐situ concrete is cast. Firstly, the effective weakening cross‐sections from the building installations at the slab structure have been defined on the basis of the evaluation of a number of representative housing and commercial buildings. The structural impact at the slab structure resulting from defined weakening sections are analysed to define the remaining structural resistance. Based on reported research results it can be shown that the weakening resulting from the implemented normal ducts and lines is widely admissible without reduction of total structural resistance.
Das ROLEX Learning Center der EPFL in Lausanne
Authors: Bollinger Klaus , Grohmann Manfred , Weilandt Agnes , Wagner Michael , Walther René , Santini Gilbert , von Ah Stefan
Published: April 2010

Das ROLEX LEARNING CENTER in Lausanne besticht nicht nur durch sein ungewöhnliches architektonisches Konzept, sondern bedeutete für alle Planungsbeteiligten und insbesondere für die Tragwerksplaner eine große Herausforderung. Gefragt war im architektonischen Wettbewerb, der im Jahr 2005 durchgeführt wurde, der Entwurf eines Gebäudes mit ausreichend Platz für eine Bibliothek, Studentenarbeitsplätze und kulturelle Aktivitäten, das gleichzeitig den neuen zentralen Eingang der EPFL repräsentieren sollte. Die Architekten Kazujo Sejima und Ryue Nishizawa (SANAA) entwarfen hierfür eine architektonische Landschaft, die eine natürliche Trennung der verschiedenen Nutzungszonen durch Täler und Hügel an Stelle von Wänden und Decken vorsah. Der vorliegende Bericht beschäftigt sich mit dem Tragwerksentwurf im Allgemeinen, mit der Formfindung der Schalen sowie der Entwicklung ihres Tragwerkskonzeptes, mit der design‐statischen Berechnung des Tragwerks, insbesondere der Schalen und ihrer Ausführungsplanung.
Zuschrift zu Michael Cyllok und Marcus Achenbach: Anwendung der Zonenmethode für brandbeanspruchte Stahlbetonstützen
Authors: Quast Ulrich
Published: April 2010

[Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau 104 (2009) Heft 12, S. 813–822 ]