bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed Priming Enhances Seed Germination and Morphological Traits of Lactuca Sativa L. Under Salt Stress
Authors: Adhikari Bikash , Olorunwa Omolayo Joshua , Barickman T. Casey
Published: March 2022

Seed germination is the most sensitive stage to abiotic stress, including salt stress (SS). SS affects plant growth and performance through ion toxicity, decreases seed germination percentage, and increases the germination time. Several priming treatments were used to enhance germination under SS. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify priming treatments to shorten the emergence period; 2) evaluate priming treatments against the SS; 3) induce synchronized seed germination. Salt-sensitive “Burpee bibb’ lettuce seeds were treated with 0.05% Potassium nitrate, 3 mM Gibberellic acid, and distilled water (HP). All the primed and non-primed seeds were subjected to 100 mM NaCl or 0 mM NaCl. The 7-day experiment arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications was conducted in a growth chamber maintained with 16/8 h photoperiod (light/dark), 60% relative humidity, and day/night temperature of 22/18 °C. The result indicated that HP seeds were better synchronized under SS. Similarly, FM and DM of cotyledon, hypocotyl, and radicle were highest in HP lettuce regardless of SS. Electrolyte leakage was the lowest in the HP lettuce, while other priming methods under SS increased membrane permeability leading to osmotic stress and tissue damage. Overall, the HP can be a suitable priming method to synchronize germination and increase FM and DM by creating the least osmotic stress and ion toxicity in lettuce under SS.
Evaluation of 6-Hydroxydopamine and Rotenone In Vitro Neurotoxicity on Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells Using Applied Computational Statistics
Authors: F. Simões Rui , J. Oliveira Paulo , Cunha-Oliveira Teresa , B. Pereira Francisco
Published: March 2022

With the increase in life expectancy and consequent aging of the world’s population, the prevalence of many neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, without concomitant improvement in diagnostics and therapeutics. These diseases share neuropathological hallmarks, including mitochondrial dysfunction. In fact, as mitochondrial alterations appear prior to neuronal cell death at an early phase of the disease onset, the study and modulation of mitochondrial alterations rise as promising strategies to predict and prevent neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death before the onset of cell viability alterations. In this work, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the mitochondrial-targeted neurotoxicants 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone. These compounds were used at different concentrations and for different time points to understand the similarities and differences in their mechanisms of action. To accomplishing this, data on mitochondrial parameters was acquired and analyzed using unsupervised (hierarchical clustering) and supervised (decision tree) machine learning methods. Both biochemical and computational analyses resulted in an evident distinction between the neurotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone, specifically for the highest concentrations of both compounds.
An Algorithm for High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Pre-processing
Authors: Shrawankar Urmila , Shrawankar Chaitreya
Published: March 2022

During the few years, various algorithms have been developed to extract features from high-resolution satellite imagery. For the classification of these extracted features, several complex algorithms have been developed. But these algorithms do not possess critical refining stages of processing the data at the preliminary phase. Various satellite sensors have been launched such as LISS3, IKONOS, QUICKBIRD, and WORLDVIEW etc. Before classification and extraction of semantic data, imagery of the high resolution must be refined. The whole refinement process involves several steps of interaction with the data. These steps are pre-processing algorithms that are presented in this paper. Pre-processing steps involves Geometric correction, radiometric correction, Noise removal, Image enhancement etc. Due to these pre-processing algorithms, the accuracy of the data is increased. Various applications of these pre-processing of the data are in meteorology, hydrology, soil science, forest, physical planning etc. This paper also provides a brief description of the local maximum likelihood method, fuzzy method, stretch method and pre-processing methods, which are used before classifying and extracting features from the image.
May the 4c’s Be with You: An Overview of Complexity-Inspired Frameworks for Analyzing Resting-State Neuroimaging Data
Authors: Hancock Fran , Rosas Fernando , Mediano Pedro , Luppi Andrea , Cabral Joana , Dipasquale Ottavia , Turkheimer Federico
Published: March 2022

Competing and complementary models of resting-state brain dynamics contribute to our phenomenological and mechanistic understanding of whole-brain coordination and communication, and provide potential evidence for differential brain functioning associated with normal and pathological behavior. These neuroscientific theories stem from the perspectives of physics, engineering, mathematics, and psychology and create a complicated landscape of domain-specific terminology and meaning, which, when used outside of that domain, may lead to incorrect assumptions and conclusions within the neuroscience community. Here we review and clarify the key concepts of Connectivity, Computation, Criticality, and Coherence — the 4C’s — and outline a potential role for metastability as a common denominator across these propositions. We analyze and synthesize whole-brain neuroimaging research, examined through functional magnetic imaging (fMRI), to demonstrate that complexity science offers a principled and integrated approach to describe, and potentially understand, macroscale spontaneous brain functioning.
Dynamic Model and Response Analysis of Gear-Rotor-Bearing Systems with Bearing Fitting Clearances
Authors: Wang Fengtao , Dai Peng , Wang Jianping , Niu Linkai
Published: March 2022

Mechanical power and motion are often transmitted by the gear-rotor-bearing system. When there are fitting clearances between the housing and outer ring in bearings, complex vibration responses will be generated, which makes the operating status difficult to identify. Therefore, for analyzing dynamic responses, a dynamic model of gear-rotor-bearing systems with bearing fitting clearances is proposed. In the model, the bearing system with fitting clearances and gear pair system are combined, and the coupling relationship is determined by the gyroscopic mo-tion of the shaft. The friction force and collision force caused by fitting clearances are also con-sidered, which are simulated by the Coulomb friction model and Hertz theory. The result shows that the meshing stiffness will also be excited by the bearing displacement. When there are fit-ting clearances on the bearing, the amplitude modulation of the bearing outer raceway to the system time-domain response is intensified, and the multiple harmonic frequency of bearings and gear pairs are generated on the spectrum, as well as defect frequencies of gear pairs. As the fitting clearance is increased, the higher multiple harmonic responses will be caused. Although the response amplitude of the gearbox is increased by raising the input speed, multiple harmon-ic responses are suppressed, which makes the system mainly vibrate at the fundamental fre-quency. Then, the dynamic model and the vibration analysis are experimentally verified.
The Stochastic Organization of Genomes and the Doctrine of Energy-Information Evolution Based on Bio-Antenna Arrays
Authors: Petoukhov Sergey
Published: March 2022

The article continues the author's publications about the matrix-tensor study of universal rules of stochastic (probabilistic) organization of long single-stranded DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The author reveals that corresponding matrices of probabilities of n-plets in n-textual representations of each genomic DNA are numerically interrelated each with other in such algebraic form, which has analogies with formalisms of the known tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna arrays. These arrays combine many separate antennas into a single coordinated ensemble with unique emergent properties, due to which antenna arrays are widely used in devices of medicine, astrophysics, avionics, etc. The noted analogies allow putting forward the author's hypothesis that stochastic organization of genomic DNAs is connected with bio-antenna arrays. From the point of view of this hypothesis, many known facts about using principles of antenna arrays in inherited physiological phenomena are collected in a single grouping with genomic DNA: echolocation of dolphins and other animals; complex faceted eyes of insects; images on butterfly wings, consisting of many photonic crystals as nanoantenna arrays, etc. This new topic about the biological meaning of profitable properties of antenna arrays includes problems of biological evolution, the origin of the genetic code, regenerative medicine, development of algebraic biology, which are discussed.
Tadalafil and Steroid Hormones Interactions in Adipose, Bone and Prostate Tissues: Focus on Translational Perspectives
Authors: Greco Emanuela Alessandra , Antinozzi Cristina , Di Luigi Luigi , Aversa Antonio , Sgrò Paolo
Published: March 2022

Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) associated symptoms. Besides its classical actions on PDE5 within the genitourinary tract, where the specific enzyme expression is maximal, it may exert different systemic effects. This is mainly due to the pleiotropic distribution of PDE5 enzyme throughout human (and animal) body, where it can exert protective effects in different clinical conditions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that tadalafil may display novel actions on androgen receptor (AR) expression and activity, cytochrome P19a1 (Cyp19a1) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression in different in vitro systems, such as adipose, bone and prostate cancer cells where it can act as a selective modulator of steroid hormone production. This may determine novel potential mechanism(s) of control in pathophysiologic pathways. In this review we summarize basic research and translational results applicable to the use of tadalafil in the treatment of different clinical conditions.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Literature Review
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos , Raimundos Ricardo Jorge , Cruz Sandra P.
Published: March 2022

On these days, issues such as environmental degradation, wealth gap and unequal access to op-portunities and resources are increasing. These concerns have increased the need for sustainable entrepreneurship, defined as sustainable business practices. Entrepreneurship is central in transi-tioning towards a more sustainable future, whereas aligning the social, economic, and ecological objectives and ecological entrepreneurs play a role. This literature review analyzes the field of sustainable entrepreneurship and the extent of their integration in the global business arena. It aims to analyze the depth of existing pieces of literature on sustainable entrepreneurship, its defi-nitions and applications in business practices. The analysis relies upon a literature search on the SCOPUS database around the keywords ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Sustainable Entrepreneurship’. The scientific software VOSviewe is used to better ilustrate the linkage of major categories and correspondent trends, related both with business growth and maintenance of ecological systems. It concludes that the desired levels of sustainability require collaborations between all stakehold-ers, while the transition towards service‐oriented business models has contributed to the growth of sustainable entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, existing institutional structures favor current unsustainable businesses and systems over the newer sustainable ones, demanding from eco-preneurs to initiate institutional changes
Relocalización de la industria manufacturera en México en la apertura comercial, 1980-2014
Authors: Figueroa Elenes Jorge Rafael , Arroyo Parra Tomás , Aragón Jiménez Aneliss
Published: March 2022

El propósito de este artículo es analizar los cambios en la localización y distribución del sector manufacturero en México. El estudio incluye una revisión del contexto de la industria manufacturera y la aplicación de técnicas de análisis regional tomando como año base a 1980 y año final al 2014. Se concluye que ha existido un fenómeno de relocalización manufacturera en México, los estados que conforman a la región del Bajío se constituyen como los más ganadores en materia manufacturera, así mismo se ha generado una reestructuración dentro del sector manufacturero, el subsector alimentario ha perdido gran peso en el total del sector, mientras que la maquinaria y el equipo se posiciona como la principal especialización manufacturera en las regiones del Bajío y del Norte de México
Outcomes and Survivorship at a Median of 8.9 Years Following Hip Arthroscopy in Adolescents with Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Fukase Naomasa , Murata Yoichi , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Soares Rui W. , Arner Justin W. , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Quinn Patrick M. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Because of the unique theoretical surgical risks, including osteonecrosis, acute iatrogenic slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and epiphyseal injury, the optimal treatment strategy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in growing adolescents has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of primary arthroscopic treatment of FAI in growing adolescents with a matched adult group.

Methods:

Patients with FAI who underwent arthroscopic treatment with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included. Patients with previous ipsilateral hip surgery, an Outerbridge grade of ≥3, a preoperative Tönnis grade of ≥2, or evidence of dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle of <25°) were excluded. Eligible patients who were ≤19 years old and whose proximal femoral physis had not yet closed were matched to adult (20 to 40-year-old) counterparts in a 1:1 ratio by sex, body mass index, and time of surgery. For the adolescents, cam resection was performed with a physeal-sparing approach. Outcome scores, including the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), and HOS-Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), were prospectively collected.

Results:

Of the 196 eligible adolescents, 157 (80%) were pair-matched to adult controls, with a median postoperative follow-up of 8.9 and 6.6 years, respectively. Fourteen (9%) of the adolescents required revision hip arthroscopy compared with 18 adults (11%) (p = 0.46). No patient in the adolescent group had conversion to a total hip arthroplasty (THA), while 3 in the adult group had a THA (p = 0.25). For adolescents without subsequent hip surgery, the median mHHS improved from 59 preoperatively to 96 postoperatively; the HOS-ADL, from 71 to 98; and the HOS-SSS, from 44 to 94 (p < 0.001), which were significantly higher postoperative scores than those of the matched adults (p < 0.05) despite similar or inferior baseline scores. No complications were found during the office visit or at the final follow-up.

Conclusions:

Hip arthroscopy performed with a physeal-sparing approach for FAI in growing adolescents is safe and effective and yields superior clinical outcomes compared with those in a matched adult group.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pedagogic development of a gamified approach to enhancing engagement in interprofessional education
Authors: Crawford Russell
Published: March 2022

Inter-professional education (IPE) is an integral part of learning for undergraduate healthcare students. From the evidence in the literature about the benefits of linked learning, collaboration between the health professions early in student development can lead to improved patient outcomes. This article reflects on the adoption at Keele University in the United Kingdom (UK), of a novel approach to introducing inter-professional education – with the intention of increasing interest in undergraduate health students across the Health faculty. A card-based scenario game (a ‘Braincept’ game) in the style of a pub quiz introduced elements of gamification, in order to engage students and increase their awareness of various healthcare professionals’ roles and interactions. This article assesses the impact of using gamification elements and outlines pedagogic principles underpinning development of this novel intervention.
'Next slide, please': developing students' digital literacy and online collaboration skillsets
Authors: Reilly Dawn , Leopold Katherine
Published: March 2022

The setting for this case study is a second-year core module for accounting students in the business school of a modern university. We shall explain how we have used authentic, practical online experiences in the module to enhance students' employability. The business school offers a range of activities to support students as they develop the skills they need to make them more employable. In addition, we have brought an employability specialist into the module's teaching team to deliver sessions and, importantly, to make explicit the employability skills embedded in the module. This case study will show how, in an online environment, we have used a technical module on the programme to give students the experience of working in virtual teams. This provides them with an opportunity to develop the skills they will need in their future careers and to be successful in virtual assessment centres.
A Comparison between Klinkenberg and Maxwell-Stefan Formulations to Model Tight Condensate Formations
Authors: Sena Santiago Carla Jordana , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: March 2022

Cyclic solvent (gas) injection is an efficient recovery method for condensate reservoirs. However, in tight, unconventional formations, the added complexity of low permeability results in more physics at play, beyond the widely used Darcy model for conventional reservoirs. In this work, a rigorous mass transfer model is implemented considering the real gas version of the Maxwell-Stefan formulation to evaluate cyclic injection schemes in tight condensate reservoirs. This model is then compared to the more widespread used Klinkenberg formulation, which does not include molecular diffusion. An evaluation is performed to check if a simplified formulation can be used to provide reasonable results in modeling production and enhanced recovery in tight condensate formations. Verification of the implemented equations is performed using experiments (Maxwell-Stefan model) and a commercial reservoir simulator (Klinkenberg model). Furthermore, the cell length used for the numerical studies is selected based on a sensitivity study to evaluate how numerical dispersion impacts recovery factor and liquid saturation for different cell sizes. By comparing the Klinkenberg model with different tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) values to the Maxwell-Stefan model during primary production, it is possible to select a value of TMAC that can match closely the recovery values of lighter components when using the Maxwell-Stefan equations. However, for heavier hydrocarbon fractions, difference in recovery is more accentuated owing to increased molecule size (more molecular friction). This results in differences in condensate yield during primary production that may be relevant in a field scale. In the cyclic injection scheme, the importance of accounting for frictional effects between molecules is demonstrated using the Maxwell-Stefan formulation. In this case, molecular diffusion fluxes are influenced by high composition gradients. This results in differences between the Maxwell-Stefan and Klinkenberg models in terms of gas stored and hydrocarbon produced during cyclic injection simulations. Furthermore, a sensitivity study on operational parameters in the cyclic injection stage demonstrated that increasing the length of production cycles may be more beneficial than increasing the length of injection or soaking cycles. For the simulations in this study, the gas is injected above the dewpoint and pressure diffusivity is at least one order of magnitude higher than the other physics present in the process. Therefore, increasing the length of production cycles allows for recovery of heavier hydrocarbon fractions that remain in the gas phase. In this work, it is demonstrated that using a rigorous mass transfer formulation, such as the Maxwell-Stefan equations, can provide more information on a per component basis when evaluating cyclic injection schemes in tight condensate reservoirs.
A multimodal data analysis approach for social media during natural disasters
Authors: zhang mengna , huang qisong
Published: March 2022

During natural disaster, social media can provide real-time or low delayed disaster perception information to help government managers carry out disaster response efforts efficiently,therefore, it is of great significance to mining social media information accurately. Distinguished from previous studies, this study proposed a multi-modal data classification model for mining social media information. This model conducted LDA(Late Dirichlet Allocation) to identify subject information from multi-modal data and then analyzed by Bert (bidirectional encoder representation from transformers) and Vgg-16 (visual geometry group 16), text data and image data were classified separately, resulting in real mining of topic information during disasters. This paper used Weibo data during the 2021 Henan heavy storm as the research object, comparing with previous data experiment results, this study proposed a model that can make natural disaster related topic classification of social media data more accurately, resulting in a real-time understanding of different themed natural disasters, it was helpful in making disastrous decisions.
Application Of Iced Normal Saline Combined With Cocktail Perfusion In Total Knee Arthroplasty: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sui Laijian , Jiang Aihua , Gai Pengzhou , Qi Xiaojun , Wang Jinwei , Wang Jing , Wang Xiufeng , Wang Guangda
Published: March 2022

Trial design: The present study was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This was a random, double-blind, parallel-group study conducted in China. Methods: Seventy patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacements were assessed in the present study. Among them, sixty patients with confirmed primary knee osteoarthritis in stage IV were recruited and divided into three groups randomly, three different intro-operative articular cavity perfusion treatments were given according to the randomized and controlled rule. One way ANOVA analysis on visual analogue scale (VAS) score, functional recovery, drainage, and edema of the affected limb were performed to assess the efficiency of the treatment in the following three days after the operation. The participants, care givers, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment.Results: Postoperative drainage in group A (n=20) and B (n=20) reduced significantly (P<0.05). The IHC scores of the surgical limbs were markedly lower comparing with the control group (n=20) (P<0.05). No differential postoperative edema was observed and the patient acquired better rehabilitation in group A and B than control group. Compared with group A, no differential postoperative drainage, edema or other side effects were seen in group B (P>0.05). The VAS score of group B was significantly lower than in group A(P<0.05). Postoperative recovery of the surgical limb function in group B was better than in group A (P<0.05).Conclusions: Intra-operation articular cavity perfusion therapy with iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion therapy can greatly reduce the early inflammation, contributing to the better rehabilitation of TKA.Trial registration: The present study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials. Gov with the identifier NCT05204056 (27/11/2021).
miRNA-92a Inhibits the Phenotypic Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and May Help to Prevent In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Jiang Fenfen , Zhang Bin , Deng Lang , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Ran , Lu Qin , Shi Fengjie , Xu Jianjiang
Published: March 2022

The modulation of the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during cell proliferation and migration may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of vascular intimal hyperplasia. However, the precise role of this process in the biology and remodeling of VSMCs remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-92a modulates VSMCs to a synthetic phenotype via the KLF4 pathway. Targeting miR-92a in VSMCs with a KLF4 inhibitor suppressed the synthetic phenotype and inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. To provide definitive evidence, we measured the expression levels of miR-92a in patients undergoing coronary artery intervention; serum miR-92a levels were significantly higher in patients with In-stent restenosis (ISR) than in those without ISR; these findings were the opposite of those obtained for KLF4. Bioinformatics analysis and promoter-luciferase reporter assays were used to examine the regulatory mechanisms underlying KLF4 expression; we found that KLF4 was transcriptionally upregulated by miR-92a in VSMCs. miRNA transfection was also performed to regulate the expression of miR-92a e. We found that the overexpression of miR-92a inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and also increased differentiated gene and protein expression. Finally, we found that the inhibition of miR-92a promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; this could be reversed by applying a KLF4 inhibitor. Collectively, these results indicate that the local delivery of a KLF4 inhibitor may act as a novel therapeutic option to prevent in-stent restenosis.
Diffraction-engineered holography: Beyond the coherent limits of holographic displays
Authors: Yang Daeho , Seo Wontaek , Yu Hyeonseung , Kim Sun Il , Shin Bongsu , Lee Chang-Kun , Moon Seokil , An Jungkwuen , Hong Jong-Young , Sung Geeyoung , Lee Hong-Seok
Published: March 2022

Holography is considered as one of the most prominent approaches to realize true-to-life reconstructions of objects. However, owing to the limited resolution compared to static holograms, state-of-the-art computer generated holograms with dynamic display capabilities reconstruct objects exhibiting various coherent properties, such as interference-induced noise and content-dependent defocus blur. Since real world scenes are composed of incoherent light, the coherent properties of reconstructed scenes severely distort the depth perception. Here, we propose a diffraction-engineered hologram, which imitates real world incoherent light by adopting a multi-plane hologram, thereby offering a real world-like defocus blur and a photorealistic reconstruction. Our hologram is synthesized by optimizing a wave field to reconstruct numerous varifocal images after propagating the corresponding focal distances where the varifocal images are rendered using a physically-based renderer. By explicitly adopting out-of-focus images as the optimum intensities, the hologram can be synthesized to reconstruct the scene with the correct defocus blur. Moreover, to reduce the computational costs associated with rendering and optimizing, we also demonstrate a network-based synthetic method that requires only an RGB-D image. We experimentally confirm the incoherent-like depth expression of the hologram, while successfully suppressing unnecessary interference in the reconstructed hologram. Our diffraction-engineered hologram offers comparable synthetic time to previously reported methods while presenting significantly more accurate depth cues, moving one step further to reconstructing naturalistic scenes of a virtual world.
Osteoperiosteal Decortication And Bone Grafting Combined With Wave Plating For Treating Femoral Shaft Aseptic Atrophic Nonunion After Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Lu Yao , Ren Cheng , Xu Yibo , Sun Liang , Wang Qian , Ye Haobo , Li Ming , Xue Hanzhong , Huang Qiang , Li Zhong , Ma Teng , Zhang Kun
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Nonunion of the femoral shaft after intramedullary nailing fixation remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate osteoperiosteal decortication and iliac bone graft combined with wave plating for treating femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing.Methods: This retrospective study included 22 patients (2 women, 20 men with a mean age of 40.8 years [range, 19–61 years]) with femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion that were treated with osteoperiosteal decortication and iliac bone graft combined with wave plating between January 2016 and January 2020. Cases of infected nonunion, hypertrophic nonunion, and nonunion after plate osteosynthesis were excluded. The clinical outcomes were assessed by the Samantha radiographic grading scale and the Paley scale.Results: The mean follow-up period was 18.8 months (range, 12–35 months). Bone union was achieved in 22 patients. Union was achieved eventually in two cases. The average clinical healing time for nonunion was 5.7 months (range, 3–14 months). The mean Samantha X-ray score was 5.7 ± 0.45. All patients showed excellent and good clinical results (Paley). One patient developed a superficial infection that was cured after a dressing change. Conclusions: Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone graft combined with wave plating is an excellent method for treating femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing.
Learning Ostensive Knowledge of Shaft Parts based on CRF model
Authors: Xiong Wei , LI Haolin
Published: March 2022

During the process of mechanical design, there exit a large amount of knowledge and information that needs to be obtained by consulting and referencing past cases. This type of knowledge is called ostensive knowledge in philosophy, and belongs to a typical relational tacit knowledge. On the one hand, ostensive knowledge cannot be expressed through words, numbers, scientific formulas, and coding procedures. On the other hand, knowledge is parasitic in cases and cannot exist independently from them. This paper introduces ostensive knowledge to the mechanical design field for the first time, and points out that the learning model of ostensive knowledge must have the memories of cases and the ability of case-based reasoning. On this basis, this paper focuses on the shaft parts, and proposes an ostensive knowledge learning model for shaft parts based on the conditional random field model. Finally, an experiment is carried out using actual engineering cases to analyze and verify the model, which shows that the model has good memory and reasoning capabilities for shaft parts cases.
A New Feature Selection Method Based on Frequent and Associated Itemsets For Text Classification
Authors: Farghaly Heba Mamdouh , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd
Published: March 2022

Feature selection is one of the major issues in pattern recognition. The quality of selected features is important for classification as the low-quality data can degrade the model construction performance. Due to the difficulty of dealing with the problem that selected features always contain redundant information, this paper focuses on the association analysis theory in data mining to select important features. In this study, a novel Feature Selection method based on Frequent and Associated Itemsets (FS-FAI) for text classification is proposed. FS-FAI seeks to find relevant features and also takes feature interaction into account. Moreover, it uses association as a metric to evaluate the relativity between the target concept and feature(s). To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, several experiments were conducted on a BBC data set from the BBC news website. The obtained results were compared to well-known feature selection methods. The reported results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed feature selection method in selecting high-quality features and in handling redundant information in text classification.
Exploiting graph neural network with one-shot learning for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery (PHM2021)
Authors: Yang Shuai , Chen Xu , Bai Yun , Pu Ziqiang
Published: March 2022

Due to lack of training samples, overfitting is a severe problem in fault diagnosis for mechanical devices, especially for rotating machinery. In this paper, a graph neural network (GNN) method with one-shot learning is proposed for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is applied to extract the feature vectors and generate codes for one-shot learning. With adjacency matrix in GNN, the proposed method can achieve fault classification for rotating machinery with small dataset. Rotate vector (RV) reducer of the industrial robot and bearing of the rotating shaft were chosen as experimental subjects. Experimental results show the high accuracy of classification in both experiments with the proposed method. To further verify the efficiency of this method, Siamese Net, Matching Net and SAE+RF were chosen as the comparisons. The results indicate the proposed method outperforms all the selected methods for fault classification in both rotating machineries.
Integration of Transplanted Choroidal Plexus Epithelial Cells with Oxygen Glucose Deprived Organotypic Spinal Cord Slices
Authors: Liu Jing-Jie , Ding Xiao-Yan , Xiang Li , Huang Sheng-Li
Published: March 2022

This study was undertaken to evaluate the integration of transplanted choroidal plexus epithelial cells with oxygen glucose deprived (OGD) organotypic spinal cord slices. Organotypic spinal cord slices were normally cultured for 14 days, then were OGD for 60 min. They were divided into transplantation group and non-transplantation group. The choroidal plexus epithelial cells, which were cultured for 6–7 days, were labeled by 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanineperchlorate(CM-Dil), and were identified by transthyretin (TTR) in immunocytochemistry. They were adjusted to the density of 0.5–1×107/ml. 2µl cells suspension were transplanted into OGD spinal cord slices in transplantation group. Subsequently, the slices were normally cultured for 3 days (NT 3 d group), 7 days (NT 7 d group) and 14 days (NT 14 d group) respectively. Accordingly, in non-transplantation group, 2µl basal medium was dripped to the OGD organotypic spinal cord slices, then the slices were normally cultured for 3 days (N 3 d group), 7 days (N 7 d group) and 14 days (N 14 d group). After 3 days and 7 days of transplantation, the level of LDH in the culture medium was tested by Elisa, and the ratio of caspase 3 active/ caspase 3 was tested by western blotting. After 14 days of transplantation, the differentiations into neurons and astrocytes, and the synapses were identified by immunofluorescence histochemistry. At the same time, the ratios of cell differentiations and synapses in new system, and the changes of MAPK signaling pathway were tested by western blotting. Our result shows that the choroidal plexus epithelial cells were well labeled by CM-Dil and were immune-stained by TTR in immunocytochemistry. The transplantation cells could differentiate into neurons and astrocytes, and there were some synaptophysin positive vesicles between transplantation cells and OGD organotypic spinal cord slices. The level of LDH and the ratio of caspase 3 active/ caspase 3 in the NT 7 d group was significantly lower than which in the N 7 d group (P < 0.05), but there was of no significance between NT 3 d group and N 3 d group. The levels of GFAP, TUB-III and synaptophysin in the NT 14 d group were significantly higher than which in the N 14 d group (P < 0.05). The ratios of p-JNK/JNK and p-P38/P38 in the NT 14 d group were significantly lower than which in the N 14 d group (P < 0.05). But the ratios of p-ERK/ERK in the NT 14 d group were significantly higher than which in the N 14 d group (P < 0.05). The transplanted choroidal plexus epithelial cells can integrate with OGD organotypic spinal cord slices into a new system.
Association between change in heart rate over years and life span: Paris Prospective 1, Whitehall 1, and Framingham studies
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Valentin Eugenie , Xanthakis Vanessa , Perier Marie-Cecile , Celermajer David , Shipley Martin , Marijon Eloi , Song Rebecca , Empana Jean-Philippe , Ramachandran Vasan , Jouven Xavier
Published: March 2022

We examined the association between resting heart rate and life span using linear regression in the Paris Prospective Study I, the Whitehall I Study, and the Framingham Heart Study. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to relate change in heart rate over years to mortality risk. We confirmed the inverse relation between resting heart rate and life span, observed a shift to the right (an increase) in life span over the past 250 years in humans compared to other mammals, and observed that higher resting heart rate was associated with higher risk of mortality after adjustment for standard risk factors.
Tilapia Invasion Impacts Trophic Position And Resource Use Of Commercially Harvested Piscivorous Fish In The Large Subtropical Pearl River
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Li Jie , Lek Sovan
Published: March 2022

Species invasions pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and ecosystems. However, quantifying the impacts of invasive species has proven problematic. In this study, we quantified the trophic changes in freshwater food webs invaded by tilapia, using an extensive stable isotope dataset to compare uninvaded and invaded rivers downstream of the Pearl River, China. The trophic position of the widely distributed and locally economically important piscivorous culter fish (Erythroculter recurviceps), mandarin fish (Siniperca kneri), and catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Pelteobagrus vachelli) decreased significantly in the invaded river compared to the uninvaded river. Our analysis indicated that the decrease in tropic position of these piscivorous fishes reflected a major reduction in the proportion of prey fish biomass as a result of tilapia invasion. Stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) indicated that small fish in the diet of culter fish from the reference river (32.7% small fish, 17% zooplankton) were replaced by lower trophic level zooplankton prey in the invaded river (35.7% zooplankton, 25.4% small fish), due to the presence of tilapia. Small fish in the diet of mandarin fish in the reference river (46.2% small fish, 10.5% aquatic insects) was replaced by lower trophic level aquatic insect prey in the invaded river (20.3% aquatic insects, 29.9% small fish). Fish eggs in the diet of catfish from the reference river (25.0% fish eggs, 25.2% aquatic insects) were replaced by aquatic insects at a lower trophic level in the invaded river (43.5% aquatic insects, 4.8% fish eggs). The results of this study contributed to a growing body of evidence, showing that tilapia could modify trophic interactions, which had severe consequences in invaded ecosystems.
Performances of Mini Parasep SF stool concentrator kit , Kato-Katz and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis among residents in an endemic community in northeast Thailand
Authors: Kopolrat Kulthida Y. , Singthong Seri , Khuntikeo Narong , Loilome Watcharin , Worasith Chanika , Homwong Chutima , Wangboon Chompunoot , Yasaka Patiwat , Eamudomkarn Chatanun , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Tonkhamhak Krisnakorn , Paeyo Arunee , Crellen Thomas , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: March 2022

Background
Control and elimination of the liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) is a primary preventive strategy against cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. A sensitive parasitological diagnostic method is required to facilitate such a surveillance and control program. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Mini Parasep SF stool concentrator kit (stool kit) in comparison with Kato-Katz (KK) and the quantitative formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) for detection of O. viverrini and coexisted parasitic infections.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of parasitic infection of residents age <15 years old in a community in Kalasin province, northeast Thailand was conducted in 2018. Fecal samples were collected and screened by KK method and a subset of samples was examined by the stool kit and FECT methods. The results were analyzed for prevalence of parasitic infections and diagnostic performances of methods for qualitative and quantitative detection of helminthiasis.
Results
The initial survey of parasitic infection determined by the KK method (n=567) showed the prevalence of O. viverrini was 32.63%, followed by Taenia 2.65%, echinostomes 1.76%, hookworms 1.41%, Trichuris trichiura 0.53%, and Strongyloides stercoralis 0.53%. Within a subset of samples tested with multiple diagnostics (n=150), the detection rates of O. viverrini by the stool kit, FECT, and KK methods were 27.3%, 30.7%, and 28.7%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity for opisthorchiasis were similar for FECT (75.4%) and KK (70.5%) and was lower for the stool kit (67.2%, p<0.05). For other parasitic infections, FECT and stool kit performed better than KK methods particularly in detecting minute intestinal fluke (MIF), S. stercoralis, and coinfections. The intensity of O. viverrini infection (fecal egg counts) by the stool kit had significant positive correlations with KK as well as FECT (p<0.05).
Conclusions
As the stool kit is simple to use and showed a comparable performance to FECT, it may serve as an alternative method of fecal examination for screening of helminthiasis including opisthorchiasis.
Structural Operational Integrity - The Comprehensive Quality Characteristic of Structure
Authors: He Yuting
Published: March 2022

Carbon reduction has been closely bound up with economy and social development. So, a higher demand for structural integrity is brought to meet the different requirements of equipment, ma-chines and infrastructures. For structures, one of their general quality characteristics such as reliability, safety, maintainability and so on, only reflects a certain aspect of quality characteristics. In this paper, After discussing equipment integrity which can be classified into equipment manufacture integrity, equipment storage integrity and equipment operational integrity along the life cycle time, from the perspective of performing and completing the functions and missions of structures, the putting forward process of structural operational integrity(SOI) is discussed, and the basic concept of structural operational integrity is shown: it is the attribute which exists when a structure is sound and unimpaired in full service or whole operational processes, with the statement that structural operational integrity can be used to describe the comprehensive quality characteristics of structures in their whole service or operational processes presented. Then, structural operational integrity is categorized into structural static operational integrity(SSOI) and structural dynamic operational integrity(SDOI), While definitions of them are given as follows: structural static operational integrity is the status which exists when a structure is sound and unimpaired in service or operational process, and structural dynamic operational integrity is the ability which exists when a structure is sound and unimpaired while providing the desired levels of structural durability, supportability, safety, performance, survivability and recoverability during service period or in operational processes. Furthermore, the characterizations of structural static operational integrity(SSOI) and structural dynamic operational integrity(SDOI) are presented，while the measurement methods of durability, supportability, safety, performance, survivability and recoverability of structures are discussed. Finally, it states that PHM technologies can improve structural operational integrity, and the optimum design method of structures based on structural operational integrity is described with an aircraft wing structure design as an example. With the employment of structural operational integrity, the structural design idea will be developed. It can help us get lighter, low life cycle cost, durable, fast recovery and more reliable structures. And structural operational integrity can be applied to other engineering structures such as building structures, bridge structures, infrastructure bodies, etc.
Development of a Quantitative Methylation-Specific Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Detecting Dickkopf-related Protein 3
Authors: ARAKI Kenji , KUROSAWA AI , KUMON HIROMI
Published: March 2022

Objective: The detection and monitoring of DNA methylation status in circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) provides critical insights into cancer diagnosis and progression. The methylation status of the Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) promoter region is correlated with the metastasis and recurrence of multiple cancers. Thus, detecting the methylation status via non-invasive methods is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Using a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction approach, we have developed a highly sensitive and quantitative measurement of methylated and unmethylated DKK3 derived from circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA). Results: We confirmed the specificity of droplet digital methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (ddMSP). We selected the optimal bisulfite conversion method using commercially available kits. We validated the ddMSP analysis system by analyzing the methylation status of genomic DNA extracted from cultured mesothelioma cells and mesothelial cells. Our system quantified approximately 30 copies of cell-free DNA per 4 mL, which is sufficient for detecting ctDNA. Finally, we quantified methylated and unmethylated DKK3 copies in ccfDNA from 21 patients with malignant mesothelioma.
Urea Amendment Alleviated Morphological and Physiological Damages and Yield Loss of Winter Wheat Subjected to Cold Stress at Jointing Stage
Authors: Li Chunyan , Yang Jing , Zhu Min , Ding Jinfeng , Zhu Xinkai , Zhou Guisheng , Guo Wenshan
Published: March 2022

Cold stress in spring is an abiotic stress limiting the growth and productivity of winter wheat. A controlled pot experiment was done to explore the possibility of applying urea to alleviate the low temperature (3°C/−4°C, day/night)damage to wheat cultivar Yangmai 16 at jointing stage. Urea at different rates was applied at the 5th day after cold stress. Cold stress decreased grain yield and plant height. Compared with the unstressed control, the content of soluble sugar, proline, zeatin riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves was increased under longer cold stress. These above parameters in the stressed treatments without urea amendment were higher than those with urea amendment on the 10th day. The change in GA3 concentration was opposite to the concentrations of ABA and ZR. The decline in the concentrations of osmotic adjustment substances, balanced hormone concentrations, and increased grain number per ear and ear number were the main reasons for the increased grain yield after urea application. Remedial effects was enhanced with the higher urea remedial level under the same cold stress duration. Our study suggested that suitable urea remedial rates are recommended based on the freezing index in wheat to alleviate the impacts of low temperature on wheat production at jointing stage.