bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The institutional intervention of disaster risk management as a territorial development strategy in the
Chillanes canton
Authors: Ramírez Chimbo Carlos , Villacis Taco Luis , Paucar Camacho Abelardo Abelardo , Heredia Logroño Pablo , Arguello Montero Tania , Ganan García Josselyn , Rea Hinojosa Tania
Published: June 2024

Canton Chillanes is a territory vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic risks. For this reason, institutional intervention is critical to meet the population's needs. However, the reality is different since the territory under study does not have the assistance of the local Risk Management Unit (UGR) despite its vulnerabil-ity. In this context, the study's objective is to know the institutional reality regarding the process under study and the population's perception of disaster risks. For this purpose, descriptive, documentary, and field research were conducted to determine a representative sample of the population under study and ana-lyze information provided by those involved in Risk Management of the Decentralized Autonomous Gov-ernment (GAD) of Chillanes. The results show that almost 100% of those surveyed indicate no adequate risk management and that at least 80% are unaware of the territory's vulnerability to adverse events. De-spite this background, the municipal entity's RGU has not been strengthened, becoming one of the leading institutional weaknesses.
Keywords: Hazards; institutional strengthening; risk management; governance; processes; risk reduction.
Incremento proteico del raquis de la Palma Africana (Elaeis guineensis) utilizando Aspergillus niger
Authors: Dumas Lisbeth Cristina , Fernández Danae
Published: June 2024

El raquis de la palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) es considerado uno de los subproductos obtenidos en las
plantas extractoras de aceite, el mismo provoca contaminación ambiental, sin embargo, con los avances biotecnológicos se puede aprovechar este residuo, al utilizarlo como sustrato para el crecimiento de microorganismos y a su vez aumentar la concentración de proteínas en el mismo. Fueron formulados cuatro medios a
partir del raquis previamente secado y triturado e inoculado Aspergillus niger a una concentración de 5000 y
50000 conidios/g de medio por un tiempo de 8 y 12 días. Mediante un diseño factorial 22
, se determinó que la
concentración del inóculo y el tiempo de fermentación influyeron significativamente sobre el enriquecimiento
proteico del raquis, resultando que en el cultivo donde se inoculó una concentración de 50000 conidios/g con
una duración de 8 días se alcanzaron valores de 15,5 mg/ml de proteínas.
Palabras claves: hongo filamentoso, fermentación microbiana, fermentación en estado sólido
Evaluation of DNA damage through cytogenetic approach in smokers and vapers with and without
nicotine compared with control group
Authors: Paz-y-Miño César , Ocampo Ligia , Sánchez María Eugenia , Leone Paola E.
Published: June 2024

The use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes is harmful to health and can cause genetic damage, increasing the
risk of cancer and other serious diseases. Although e-cigarettes contain fewer toxic chemicals than
conventional tobacco, recent studies have shown that the vapor caused by burning produced by e-cigarettes
can also be toxic and carcinogenic. Various studies have found that those exposed to tobacco and vaping have
significantly higher levels of damage to their DNA in different types of cells and tissues. Evidence has
accumulated that e-cigarette vaping can alter cellular functions and DNA itself, increasing the risk of cancer
and aging. The present work evaluatesthe cytogenetic damage in individuals exposed to conventional cigarette
vapors by burning with nicotine and vapors without nicotine, compared with a non-smoking population. The
study included participants with an average age of 30 years (+/-10), with a majority of men representing 70%
of the sample. The Chi-square test found no significant statistical differences between the men and women
exposed (p<0.05). The results of chromosomal fragility found in the four groups studied (control group,
conventional smokers, vapers with nicotine and vapers without nicotine) showed breaks and gaps in one or
both of the chromatids in all exposed individuals, with highly significant statistical differences (p<0.001)
compared to the unexposed control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the
group of conventional smokers and the vapers with and without nicotine, nor between the two types of vapers
(p>0.05). In conclusion, cytogenetic evidence of DNA damage produced by vaping is shown in the same
proportions as a normal cigarette. This will significantly impact public health, which must be considered in
preventive actions.
Keywords: cigarettes, vaping, chromosome breakage, DNA damage
Evaluating the Preliminary Effectiveness of the Person-Centered Care Assessment Tool (PCC-AT) in Zambian Health Facilities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Posner Jessica , Ndhlovu Adamson Paxon , Musangulule Jemmy Mushinka , Duffy Malia , Casella Amy , Madevu-Matson Caitlin , Davis Nicole , Sharer Melissa
Published: June 2024

Background

Person-centered care (PCC) within HIV treatment services has demonstrated potential to overcome inequities in HIV service access while improving treatment outcomes. Despite PCC being widely considered a best practice, no consensus exists on its assessment and measurement. This study in Zambia builds upon previous research that informed development of a framework for PCC and a PCC assessment tool (PCC-AT).

Objective

This mixed methods study aims to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the PCC-AT through assessing the association between client HIV service delivery indicators and facility PCC-AT scores. We hypothesize that facilities with higher PCC-AT scores will demonstrate more favorable HIV treatment continuity, viral load (VL) coverage, and viral suppression in comparison to those of facilities with lower PCC-AT scores.

Methods

We will implement the PCC-AT at 30 randomly selected health facilities in the Copperbelt and Central provinces of Zambia. For each study facility, data will be gathered from 3 sources: (1) PCC-AT scores, (2) PCC-AT action plans, and (3) facility characteristics, along with service delivery data. Quantitative analysis, using STATA, will include descriptive statistics on the PCC-AT results stratified by facility characteristics. Cross-tabulations and/or regression analysis will be used to determine associations between scores and treatment continuity, VL coverage, and/or viral suppression. Qualitative data will be collected via action planning, with detailed notes collected and recorded into an action plan template. Descriptive coding and emerging themes will be analyzed with NVivo software.

Results

As of May 2024, we enrolled 29 facilities in the study and data analysis from the key informant interviews is currently underway. Results are expected to be published by September 2024.

Conclusions

Assessment and measurement of PCC within HIV treatment settings is a novel approach that offers HIV treatment practitioners the opportunity to examine their services and identify actions to improve PCC performance. Study results and the PCC-AT will be broadly disseminated for use among all project sites in Zambia as well as other HIV treatment programs, in addition to making the PCC-AT publicly available to global HIV practitioners.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/54129
Sleep Duration and Functional Disability Among Chinese Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Minjing , Dong Yue , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Hao , Liang Changhao , Rong Hongguo , Fei Yutong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The duration of sleep plays a crucial role in the development of physiological functions that impact health. However, little is known about the associations between sleep duration and functional disability among older adults in China.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the associations between sleep duration and functional disabilities in the older population (aged≥65 years) in China.

METHODS

The data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from respondents 65 years and older who participated in the 2018 survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, an ongoing nationwide longitudinal investigation of Chinese adults. The duration of sleep per night was obtained through face-to-face interviews. Functional disability was assessed according to activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scales. The association between sleep duration and functional disability was assessed by multivariable generalized linear models. A restricted cubic-spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and functional disability.

RESULTS

In total, 5519 participants (n=2471, 44.77% men) were included in this study with a mean age of 73.67 years, including 2800 (50.73%) respondents with a functional disability, 1978 (35.83%) with ADL disability, and 2299 (41.66%) with IADL disability. After adjusting for potential confounders, the older adults reporting shorter (≤4, 5, or 6 hours) or longer (8, 9, or ≥10 hours) sleep durations per night exhibited a notably increased risk of functional disability compared to that of respondents who reported having 7 hours of sleep per night (all P<.05), which revealed a U-shaped association between sleep duration and dysfunction. When the sleep duration fell below 7 hours, increased sleep duration was associated with a significantly lower risk of functional disability (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.91; P<.001). When the sleep duration exceeded 7 hours, the risk of functional disability associated with a prolonged sleep duration increased (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.29; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Sleep durations shorter and longer than 7 hours were associated with a higher risk of functional disability among Chinese adults 65 years and older. Future studies are needed to explore intervention strategies for improving sleep duration with a particular focus on functional disability.
Development and Evaluation of 4 Short, Animated Videos for Women in Midlife Promoting Positive Health Behaviors: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hammarberg Karin , Bandyopadhyay Mridula , Nguyen Hau , Cicuttini Flavia , Stanzel Karin Andrea , Brown Helen , Hickey Martha , Fisher Jane
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Health and health behaviors in midlife are important determinants of healthy aging. There is evidence of unmet needs for health-promoting information for women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and women with low literacy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to (1) develop accessible short, animated videos viewable and downloadable from YouTube aimed at promoting positive health behaviors in women in midlife and (2) evaluate their accessibility, acceptability, understanding, and usability and whether this was influenced by the level of education or socioeconomic disadvantage.

METHODS

In collaboration with a video production company, a multidisciplinary team of academics and health professionals developed 2 short, animated videos on self-management of menopause health and 2 promoting joint health. Their accessibility, acceptability, understanding, and usability to women were evaluated in an anonymous web-based survey.

RESULTS

A total of 490 women viewed the videos and responded to the survey. Of these, 353 (72%) completed all questions. Almost all (from 321/353, 91% to 334/363, 92%) agreed that the information in the videos was “very easy to understand.” The proportions reporting that all or some of the information in the video was new to them varied between videos from 36% (137/386) to 66% (233/353), the reported likelihood of using the practical tips offered in the videos varied from 70% (271/386) to 89% (331/373), and between 61% (235/386) and 70% (263/373) of respondents stated that they would recommend the videos to others. Education-level group comparisons revealed few differences in opinions about the videos, except that women with lower education were more likely than those with higher education to state that they would recommend the 2 joint health videos to others (36/45, 80% vs 208/318, 65%; P=.051 for video 3; and 36/44, 80% vs 197/309, 64%; P=.04 for video 4). There were no differences between women living in the least advantaged areas (Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas quintile areas 1 and 2) and those living in the most advantaged areas (Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas quintile areas 3, 4, and 5) in their responses to any of the questions about the 4 videos.

CONCLUSIONS

Most women found the videos easy to understand, learned something new from watching them, planned to use the practical tips they offered, and were likely to recommend them to other women. This suggests that short, animated videos about health self-management strategies in midlife to improve the chance of healthy aging are perceived as accessible, acceptable, easy to understand, and useful by women.
Food and Beverage Marketing in Virtual Environments: Viewpoint on the Potential Implications for Young People of Color, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Research Directions (Preprint)
Authors: Cassidy Omni , Bragg Marie , Elbel Brian
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Exposure to unhealthy food and beverage marketing is a major contributor to excessive weight gain in young people and may disproportionately affect Black and Latinx communities. Appropriate and comprehensive regulations on food and beverage companies is essential, particularly as companies expand their reach and leverage the latest technologies to marketing experiences using virtual reality (VR). Although VR technology is in its infancy, the potential effects of immersive food and beverage marketing on consumption, food and beverage corporations’ history of racially-targeted marketing to Black and Latinx communities, and heightened burden of diet-related illnesses in Black/Latinx communities underscores a critical need to investigate immersive marketing to young people and young people of color. This viewpoint will provide a brief description of VR food and beverage marketing as the newest food and beverage marketing frontier, highlight key concerns and knowledge gaps, and underscore future directions in research.
Facilitators and Barriers to Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Shimin , Wang Yongyi , Hu Yuxi
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) have unique strengths as emerging services with practical applications among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with depression, anxiety, and stress. Though promising, the acceptance and participation of DMHIs vary in different interventions, participants and contexts. The factors for promoting or hindering the use of DMHIS need to be delineated and synthesised.

OBJECTIVE

To assess and synthesise facilitators and barriers to accessing DMHIs for depression, anxiety, and stress in AYAs with a systematic review.

METHODS

A comprehensive retrieval across multiple databases was conducted by October 31st, 2023. Data synthesis and analysis included quality assessment, the frequency of popular items, thematic analysis, and relative frequency of occurrence.

RESULTS

The final 27 records met the inclusion criteria. Depression, female/male/humans, adolescent, and internet are typical terms of the four clusters identified. Fourteen facilitators and thirteen barriers at the external, intervention, and individual levels were consolidated. The relative frequency of occurrence demonstrated quality and effect as the predominant facilitators and barriers of the DMHIs in portable or non-portable devices, single or multiple platforms.

CONCLUSIONS

The study developed organised themes and subthemes, and synthesised fourteen facilitators and thirteen barriers in three levels. Quality and effect is the key focus in the use of DMHIs among AYAs with depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of the study provide detailed and structured information for future digital mental health service design and implementation.
Development and Validation of a Convolutional Neural Network Model for Early Detection of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Histopathological Images (Preprint)
Authors: Ezunkpe Yawo , Kumar Ankith Indra
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Breast cancer is a major health concern for women worldwide and poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020, resulting in 685,000 deaths. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) accounts for 80% of these cases, making it crucial to accurately diagnose it in a timely manner. Traditional breast cancer detection methods rely on diagnostic imaging techniques like mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, which are interpreted by trained radiologists. However, these methods’ accuracy depends on the radiologist’s experience and can be subjective, leading to variability in diagnosis. False positives and negatives are not uncommon, which can result in missed cancers or unnecessary biopsies. This paper proposes a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) based model to detect IDC in histopathological images of breast tissue. The model uses a robust dataset and fine-tuned hyperparameters, highlighting the potential of deep learning in improving diagnostic accuracy in oncology. The model achieved an 87% accuracy on the test set.
A Critical Study of Judy Malloy’s ‘its name was Penelope’ as a Hyperfictional Reworking of Homer’s Odyssey
Authors: Bakshi Dr. Divya
Published: June 2024

The hyperfiction “its name was Penelope” is an assemblage of memories of an artist Anne Mitchell. She is a photographer and the hyperfiction under study provides several glimpses from her life as a medley or an assortment of textual pictures that completely engrosses the mindful readers and actively involves them in contemplating her life right from her childhood. She plays with a boat named Penelope and it becomes a metaphor for her life and her struggle for establishing herself as an accomplished artist. Anne’s setting this tiny boat sailing is a metaphor for life in which an artist’s explorations are akin to those of an explorer. A tripartite montage of Anne Mitchell’s life is offered in random screens of text. The entire hyperfiction is divided into three sections that are loosely based on Homer’s Odyssey. Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, is an artist who weaves on a loom and this weaving is central to her life just like Anne Mitchell who is also an artist and considers art central to her life. This paper attempts to trace the similarities between the hyperfiction “its name was Penelope” and Homer’s Odyssey. A traditional text will be juxtaposed with an avant-garde text to foreground the similarities and the differences.
Reencuadrando la subcontratación: un enfoque de configuraciones de empleo, contratos/agencias/ transacciones y regímenes laborales
Authors: Kuri Alonso Ingrid , Covarrubias Valdenebro Alex
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: enriquecer la comprensión teórica de la subcontratación en el contexto latinoamericano, con énfasis en México.
Diseño metodológico: combina el análisis bibliográfico con la aplicación del análisis de datos de los Censos Económicos y la Encuesta Mensual de la Industria Manufacturera del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (Inegi), para los años 2009 a 2023 de la industria automotriz mexicana (IAM).
Resultados: se propone un enfoque de la subcontratación basado en normativas laborales e institucionales vigentes y políticas públicas, que sustentan sistemas y subsistemas de empleo en un marco de relaciones laborales e industriales.
Limitaciones de la investigación: este trabajo se ha limitado al análisis de la subcontratación únicamente en la IAM, excluyendo otras industrias relevantes.
Hallazgos: el estudio revela que los sistemas y subsistemas de empleo están experimentando una reconfiguración a partir de la regulación de la subcontratación, destacando la importancia de las normas legales, la gobernanza laboral y las políticas públicas
Tipificación del nepotismo en América Latina: estudio de caso de las familias presidenciales de Argentina (2007–2022), Brasil (2019–2022), y Nicaragua (2007–2022).
Authors: Borjas García Hugo Alejandro , Haro Pérez Adria Iraida
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar manifestaciones de nepotismo en América Latina durante el periodo 2007– 2022 y catalogarlas dentro de los conceptos propuestos de nepotismo directo y nepotismo indirecto. Se realiza através de estudios de caso de las familias Kirchner Fernández (Argentina; 2007 – 2022), Bolsonaro (Brasil; 2019 –2022) y Ortega Murillo (Nicaragua; 2007 – 2022). La finalidad de este trabajo es ampliar el concepto de nepotismoe incluir aquellas acciones de los funcionarios públicos en beneficio de familiares lejanos (p.ej. en cuarto grado osin lazos consanguíneos directos).
Aprendizaje-Servicio como instrumento para incorporar la Agenda 2030 en las universidades
Authors: Amiano Iratxe , Gezuraga Monike , Alonso-Sáez Israel
Published: June 2024

Existe consenso en afirmar que las instituciones de educación superior deben participar como agentes activos en la consecución de la Agenda 2030, poniendo todas sus misiones al servicio de la sociedad. Esto requiere una transformación de la política universitaria en el marco de su responsabilidad social, que afecta de manera significativa al ámbito de la formación y exige un mayor compromiso con la satisfacción de las necesidades sociales. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en demostrar que el Aprendizaje-Servicio es una propuesta que aporta valor a la sociedad por su alto potencial formador y por promover la construcción de conocimiento de forma colaborativa entre agentes educativos y sociales. La metodología utilizada consistió en la revisión sistemática, de la literatura académica contenida en bases de datos de referencia y de los proyectos llevados a cabo en Europa y América Latina en el ámbito universitario. Como resultado, se presentan evidencias de que el Aprendizaje-Servicio es una metodología válida para que las universidades participen en  la consecución de cada uno de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
institucionalización contra el acoso sexual en la Universidad Austral de Chile
Authors: Hamodi Carolina , Andrés-Corredor Belén , Contreras-Contreras Claudia
Published: June 2024

Este artículo plantea como objetivo analizar el proceso de institucionalización de la lucha contra el acoso sexual y la promoción de la igualdad de género en la Universidad Austral de Chile, una de las pioneras en ese país en abordar este tema. Se realizó un estudio de caso único mediante entrevistas a colaboradores/as. Se identificaron los avances (creación de comités, diagnósticos, etcétera), pero también se señalan los retos pendientes. Los resultados pueden proporcionar aportes para otras instituciones que enfrentan estos desafíos, contribuir a comprender qué estrategias son más efectivas y qué obstáculos deben superarse.
НАМСРАЙ САХИУСНЫ МОНГОЛ НЭРИЙН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ
Authors: С Янжинсүрэн
Published: June 2024

Намсрай сахиус нь Бурханы шашинт ард түмнүүдийн дунд түгээмэл шүтэгддэг бөгөөд түүний нэр нь ихэнхдээ санскрит, төвдөөр нэрлэгддэг ба төвд нэрийн олон хувилбарыг монголчууд өөрийн хэлэндээ орчуулан судар бичигт үлдээсэн байна. Бусад нэрийн олон хувилбар байгааг эх сурвалж судруудад тулгуурлан шинжилгээ хийхийг оролдов.
“БУРХАН ҮХСЭН” ХЭМЭЭХ ФРИДРИХ НИЦШЕГИЙН ҮЗЛИЙГ ТАЙЛБАРЛАХ НЬ
Authors: М Отгонбаяр , О Мөнгөнсор
Published: June 2024

What does “God is dead” mean by Friedrich Nietzsche? Nietzsche spoke allegorically in his writing “Thus spoke Zarathustra” one of the Jesus’s disciple, Judas who betrayed Jesus killed the God. He also said, “Mankind ought to leave their old values and Gods they believe” through his doctrine of superman. God is an assumption for Nietzsche. Every nation and people has their own gods, idols, and values. People always have needs to worship someone or something. Thus, they urge to have a religion even after their gods’ death. Nietzsche expresses that scientific research and methodology, critical thinking and technological development make mankind equal to God. Nietzsche’s understanding of god is dead has to be understood separate from the usage of stereotype level.
ХЭЛ ШИНЖЛЭЛИЙН ХАРЬЦАНГУЙН ТААМАГЛАЛЫН ФИЛОСОФИ УТГА
Authors: Р Дарьхүү , Б Өлзийсайхан
Published: June 2024

The fact of the matter is that the “real world” is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached. When Semitic, Chinese, Tibetan, or African languages are contrasted with our own, the divergence in analysis of the world becomes more apparent.

The principle of linguistic relativism has a long history in which various important methodological turning points can be identified, exhibiting continually increasing levels of empirical scrutiny.
ШИНЖЛЭХ УХААНЫ ФИЛОСОФИ ДАХЬ ОНОЛУУДЫН ХАРИЛЦАН ХЭМЖИЛГҮЙН АРГА ЗҮЙН АСУУДАЛ
Authors: Ц Онон , М Отгонбаяр
Published: June 2024

Шинжлэх ухааны онолуудын солигдол нь шинжлэх ухааны түүхэн дэх тасралт буюу кумулятив биш байдлыг илэрхийлдэг бөгөөд онолуудыг харьцуулах нийтлэг шалгуур боломжгүй тухай санааг анх Т.Кун, П.Фейерабенд нар дэвшүүлсэн. Энэ нь орчин үеийн философийн харьцуулсан судалгааны арга зүйн чухал баримтлал болж байна. Шинжлэх ухааны онолуудын харилцан хэмжилгүйн асуудлыг байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны онолуудын солигдол, тэдгээрийн ойлголтуудын утгын болон референцийн ялгаа, ажиглалтын өгөгдхүүнийг онолоос хамааран ялгаатай тайлбарлаж буй байдал, орчуулгын харилцан хэмжилгүй зэрэг асуудлыг энэ өгүүлэлд дэлгэрэнгүй авч үзлээ.
ДЭЛХИЙН ХҮН АРДЫН ШАШИН ШҮТЛЭГИЙН БАЙДАЛ, ЧИГ ХАНДЛАГА
Authors: С Янжинсүрэн
Published: June 2024

Өгүүлэлд өнөөгийн дэлхийн шашин шүтлэгүүдийн төлөв байдал, ирээдүйн чиг хандлагын тухай авч үзлээ. Ингэхдээ 2010 оны буюу дэлхийн олон орны одоогоор хийгдээд байгаа хамгийн сүүлийн хүн амын болон шашин шүтлэгийн тооллогын үр дүнг эш болгов. Судалгаанаас үзвэл ирээдүйд Христосын шашин дэлхийд шүтэн бишрэгчдийн тоогоор тэргүүлдэг байсан зонхилох байр сууриа алдаж, Исламын шашин тэргүүлэхээр байна. Үүнд исламчуудын нөхөн үржихүй чухал нөлөөтэй ба ялангуяа Энэтхэг, Пакистан, Малайзын ислам шүтлэгтнүүд эрс өссөнөөр тэд дэлхийн шашин шүтлэгтнүүдийн дунд олонх болоход нөлөөлнө гэж үзэж байна. Харин бурханы шашинтны тоо буурахаар байгаа юм. Ардын шүтлэг хэмээх шинэ ойлголт шашин судлалд тогтворжих хандлагатай байна. Ард түмнүүдийн дунд үндэстний хэмжээнд шүтэгддэг, гэхдээ өдөр тутмын амьдрал, зан заншилтай холбогдсон шашнуудыг ийнхүү нэрлэж байна. Зарим судлаачид улс үндэстнүүдийн шашин шүтлэгийн олон янз байдал хоорондоо уусан нэгдсэн эсвэл холимог байдалтай байгаад дулдуйдан тухайн ард түмнийг ардын шашин шүтлэгтэй гэж үзэх нь ч байна. Энэ ангилалд үндэстний шашнуудыг оруулж байна.
Monetary determinants of output dynamics in the light of the structural vector-autoregressive SVAR model: A Keynesian approach
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie Wydział Ekonomiczny, Lublin, Polska, Kołbyko Patryk Norbert
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of the following paper is to analyze and empirically verify the monetary theory of business cycles as a mechanism for the interaction of the dynamics of production and money supply based on the example of the Polish economy. In order to identify and mitigate the risk of economic fluctuations as a function of the response of the central bank, it is necessary to conduct an extensive analysis of the indirect mechanism of transmission of monetary impulses on production in the economy. DESIGN/METHOD: Empirical analysis was carried out by estimating a macroeconometric time series model taking into account the inductive information based on the Keynesian theory  the structural vector- autoregressive SVAR model. The stochastic process included in the study was based on statistical data of Poland, which were obtained from the cyclical reports: ‘Preliminary estimate of gross domestic product’ and ‘Quarterly accounts of gross domestic product in 2017-2021’, Poland’s Central Statistical Office and the National Bank of Poland's databases for the time interval of 2007.Q1-2022.Q2. RESULTS/FINDINGS: The applied empirical analysis positively verified the existence of an indirect monetary impulse transmission mechanism in Poland’s economy. The obtained research has positively verified the compatibility of the monetary theory of the business cycle in terms of the Keynesian theory with the macroeconomic reality in Poland. The results of the research justify the measures to mitigate the risk of economic instability and impose a requirement for discretionary policy by the National Bank of Poland. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The following work addresses an important element of the macroeconomic analysis, specifically the monetary theory of the business cycle. The originality of the work stems from the empirical attempt to verify the monetary theory of the business cycle taking into account the indirect mechanism of transmission of monetary impulses on the grounds of the statistical data from the Polish economy. KEYWORDS: endogenous money creation, macroeconometrics, monetary theory of the business cycle, time series decomposition, structural vector-autoregressive model. JEL: C32, E12, E41, E51, E52.
Prof. Dr. Gülşen TİMUR’un Otobiyografisi
Authors: Timur Gülşen
Published: June 2024

Amerika’da balık hastalıkları çalışmaları 1960'lı yıllarda başlarken, 1970'li yıllarda Avrupa’da bu çalışmalar odak noktası haline gelerek bakteriyel hastalıklara karşı başarılı aşılar geliştirilmiştir. 1980'li yıllarda da etkili viral aşılar kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ülkemizde ise söz konusu tarihlerde daha yetiştiricilikle ilgili ilk çalışmalar henüz yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliğin hızla artması ve hastalık problemlerinin ortaya çıkması 20. yüzyılın başlarına tekabül ederken, uluslararası camiada 20. yüzyılın sonuna gelindiğinde balık immünolojisi gelişen bir bilim dalı haline gelmiştir. Bu otobiyografi, 1970 yıllardan 2015 yılına kadar, gerek yurt içinde gerekse yurt dışındaki dergilerde yayınlanan çok sayıda araştırması, sözel sunum ve poster bildirileri, proje çalışmaları ve farklı konularda kitapları olan, çok sayıda uzman yetiştirerek hem sektörde hem de akademik camiada balık hastalıkları konusunda bilime katkı sağlayan, ülkemizde balık hastalıkları konusunda ilk çalışmaları yapan, balık hastalıkları konusundaki anlayışımıza ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin başarısına katkıda bulunan akademisyen Gülşen Timur’un yaşam öyküsünü içermektedir.
A Historical Anecdote about a Diplomatic Dispatch
Authors:   Masaryk University, Zvinyatskovsky Vladimir Ya.
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes Gogol’s tale “The Missing Document” as a historical anecdote – one of those that were told during those long evenings in the homestead of Vasilyevka (Yanovshchina). This story could have been told by the master of the house — Vasily Gogol- Yanovsky, and its source might have been his father AfanasyYanovsky, the former trusted companion of the hetman Kirill Razumovsky and, most likely, himself the courier sent to the tsarina. The real historical facts mentioned in the tale allow us to date the events described in it to 1764, the year Catherine abolished the hetmanate as a political institution. For this reason, the events recounted in the tale were understood by contemporary readers as probably being historically true: the dispatch by the hetman of some document with the goal of convincing the tsarina not to deprive him of the office of hetman. The failure of the narrator’s grandfather’s diplomatic mission thereupon received a fantastic, but believable explanation: “When the devil or a muscovite steals something — then kiss it goodbye.”
Lev Tolstoy’s Article “About Gogol” (1887–1888) in the Context of the Activities of the Publishing House “Posrednik”
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sizova Irina I.
Published: June 2024

This paper considers the historical and literary context of L. Tolstoy’s article on N. Gogol 1887–1888 in relation to the activities of the publishing house “Posrednik”. It shows the unity of the world view and ideological and value orientations of Tolstoy, the editor, and the team of authors of The Intermediary that manifested itself during the preparation of a brochure about Gogol’s life and work. For the first time, materials from the book “Nikolai Gogol as a Teacher of Life” (1888), compiled by the “Posrednik`s” employee A. Orlov and carefully edited by Tolstoy, are introduced into the academic discourse. It is argued that the interpretation in the “Posrednik`s” brochure and in Tolstoy’s preface to it of Gogol’s creative achievements as an artist, his religious, philosophical and aesthetic experiments, and his discussion with the critic V. Belinsky after the release of “Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends” (1845–1847) primarily reflect Tolstoy’s own difficult path of spiritual development and the excessive religious moralizing in his artistic and aesthetic quest of the 1880s. Tolstoy’s demands on art at the time were based on his belief that an artwork must affirm moral ideals drawn exclusive from Gospel maxims about humility, non-resistance, and the love for God and fellow man. We conclude that religious didacticism put Tolstoy, in Gogol’s wake, in opposition to the practical aesthetics of the “revolutionary democrats” personified by Belinsky, whose atheistic moralism led him to advocate that the goals of art should be subordinated to the principle of the public good and justice and to oppose Tolstoy the publicist to Tolstoy the artist.
The “Ages of Life” of Nikolai Gogol
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Krivonos Vladislav Sh.
Published: June 2024

This article presents an analytical review of Y. Mann’s fundamental study about Gogol, which may be called the writer’s first scholarly biography. We describe the difference between a scholarly and a literary biography and specify the type of knowledge about a person that is contained in a scholarly biography. We trace how Mann sets out the events of Gogol’s life objectively and with the maximum possible completeness and explains and interprets them on the basis of evidence. Special attention is paid to Mann’s approach to understanding the complex unity and psychological makeup of the writer’s personality. We show how Mann organically combines the study of Gogol’s “works” and “days” in strict accordance with the purpose and objectives of his research. Specific examples are cited of how the scholar carefully and judiciously examines the complex and paradoxical connections between Gogol’s different “ages of life” and describes the writer’s unique human and literary constitution, which left an imprint on both his “days” and his “works”. The article concludes with remarks about Y. Mann’s significance for the modern science of literature.
Peningkatan keterampilan membaca pemahaman teks informasi melalui penerapan model problem based learning pada peserta didik kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rachmawati  , Ratnaningsih  , Yuliani Anik
Published: June 2024

Keterampilan membaca pemahaman peserta didik tergolong cukup rendah. Hasil pelaksanaan pratindakan memperlihatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata membaca pemahaman peserta didik yakni 74,3% dan sebanyak 55% tuntas serta 45% belum tuntas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan peningkatan keterampilan terkait membaca pemahaman suatu teks informasi pada peserta didik di kelas III jenjang sekolah dasar melalui pengaplikasian model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan model Kemmis dan M.C Taggart dipilih sebagai metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian ini ialah peserta didik kelas III di SDN Baros Mandiri I. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes keterampilan membaca pemahaman teks informasi, observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan: 1) Siklus I mencapai ketuntasan sebesar 76% atau sekitar 22 peserta didik telah mencapai KKM dan 24% belum tuntas atau sekitar 7 peserta didik belum mencapai KKM; dan 2) Siklus II mencapai ketuntasan sebesar 93% atau sekitar 27 peserta didik telah mencapai KKM dan 7% belum tuntas atau sekitar 2 peserta didik belum mencapai KKM. Dapat diambil simpulan bahwa implementasi dari model Problem Based Learning mampu meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pemahaman teks informasi pada peserta didik kelas III jenjang sekolah dasar.
Penerapan problem based learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia kelas II SD Kanisius Klepu
Authors: Listyoadi Gantheng
Published: June 2024

Latar belakang penelitian ini mengenai hasil belajar peserta didik kelas II SD Kanisius Klepu pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi ungkapan kata maaf dan tolong yang masih rendah sehingga diperlukan perbaikan untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 20 peserta didik kelas II di SD Kanisius Klepu. Desain PTK yang digunakan mengikuti model Kemmis dan Targgart yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam hasil belajar peserta didik kelas II. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar, yaitu dari 67.35 pada tahap pra siklus menjadi 76.45 pada siklus PTK I, dan meningkat lagi menjadi 84.6 pada siklus PTK II. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model Problem Based Learning efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas II di SD Kanisius Klepu pada materi ungkapan kata maaf dan tolong.
Peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas III SDN Kentungan dengan model PBL
Authors: Fauzi Achmad
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (Problem Based Lerarning/PBL) dalam meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas III SDN Kentungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena kekatifan dan hasil belajar matematika materi keliling bangun datar siswa kelas III SDN Kentungan yang masih rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan agar dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika materi keliling bangun datar siswa kelas III SDN Kentungan. Subyek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IIIA SDN Kentungan Sleman Yogyakarta dengan jumlah 26 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan model Kemmis dan Targgart yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi yang terdiri dari dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdapat dua pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan presentase keaktifan siswa dan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dilihat dari presentase hasil observasi siswa pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 65,21% sedangkan siklus ke II sebesar 78,36%. Hal ini diiringi dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari pra siklus sebesar 15,4% meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 61,53%% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 76,9%. Berdasarkan dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IIIA SDN Kentungan pada materi keliling bangun datar.
Analisis literasi emosi guru sekolah dasar (penelitian survei terhadap guru-guru di gugus wilayah V Kecamatan Panumbangan, Jawa Barat)
Authors: Rahayu Sri Dewi , Apriliya Seni , Alia Dwi
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur literasi emosi guru Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian dilakukan karena literasi emosi sangat penting bagi setiap individu dan guru merupakan salah satu yang menentukan perkembangan literasi emosi sehingga sebelum memberikan pemahaman terhadap murid, guru sendiri harus memahami literasi emosi pada dirinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran angket kepada sejumlah guru di Kecamatan Panumbangan dengan total 62 orang guru. Data diolah secara kuantitatif dan dikategorikan untuk mengetahui kategori literasi emosi guru di wilayah tersebut. Aspek yang terdapat pada literasi emosi berdasar pada Teori Steiner yaitu aspek memahami perasaan diri, aspek berempati, asppek mengelola emosi, aspek mengatasi dan memperbaiki kerusakan emosi, dan aspek mengembangkan interaksi sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi emosi guru dalam aspek berempati, aspek mengelola emosi, aspek mengatasi dan memperbaiki kerusakan emosi dan aspek mengembangkan interaksi sosial berada dalam kategori sedang atau cukup baik. Sedangkan pada aspek mengetahui perasaan diri berada dalam kategori tinggi. Sehingga secara keseluruhan literasi emosi guru di Gugus Wilayah V Kecamatan Panumbangan masih berada dalam kategori sedang dan masih memerlukan peningkatan.Kata Kunci: Literasi, Literasi Emosi, Literasi Emosi Guru.
Penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif think-talk-write (TTW) terhadap keterampilan menulis teks prosedur
Authors: Salsabila Revita , Indihadi Dian , Saputra Erwin Rahayu
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh peserta didik yang belum mampu menulis teks prosedur dengan baik dan benar. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena kurangnya variasi model pembelajaran ketika kegiatan menulis sehingga peserta didik kurang menyukai pembelajaran menulis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan bentuk non-equivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pemberian tugas menulis teks prosedur. Subjek penelitian yaitu peserta didik kelas III SDN Cibanjaran, dengan rincian kelas III-A sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas III-B sebagai kelompok kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 20 orang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil uji independent sample t-test diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0.001 yang berarti < 0,05, maka H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan model pembelajaran TTW dengan kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran TTW ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks prosedur peserta didik kelas III sekolah dasar.
Pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VI SD Inpres 1 Tanamodindi
Authors: Pendit Sinta Satria Dewi , Zulnuraini  , Azizah  , Handayani Ni Putu Devi
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VI SD Inpres 1 Tanamodindi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VI SD Inpres 1 Tanamodindi yang berjumlah 52 orang. Siswa kelas eksperimen berjumlah 26 orang dan siswa kelas kontrol berjumlah 26 orang. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan menggunakan angket kolaborasi siswa. Analisis data yang dilakukan terdiri atas uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis dengan berbantuan program IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji paired sample T test pada taraf nyata 5% (0,05) diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,000 maka hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho (hipotesis nol) ditolak dan Ha (hipotesis alternatif) diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran  Project Based Learning  terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VI SD Inpres 1 Tanamodindi.
The traction of moral virtues compared to risk-return fundamentals in fossil fuel-related investments
Authors: Nkwaira Chekani , van der Poll Huibrecht Margaretha
Published: June 2024

The fundamental view that investors require compensation aligned to the risk attributes they discern in their investments runs at odds with efforts to curb climate risks. Moral considerations should play an important role in climate-related investments (Hulme, 2014). However, in the case of fossil fuel investments, the moral virtues in decisions are blurred. This article aims to determine the extent of moral virtues in investment decisions involving fossil fuels amidst risk-return principles. Document analysis is used from a population of 60 banks identified as increasing or reducing fossil fuel financing from the Cable News Network website. In addition to a random sampling of banks, market prices, and ten-year government bonds data are obtained from Macrotrends and Yahoo.com websites to compute the cost of equity over a seven-year period using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The t-test proves that the required returns for increasing fossil fuel financing remain higher than those for decreasing, while regression reflects that the moral virtue gap remains an existential threat to climate mitigation. These results demonstrate that the curbing of climate risks remains elusive unless investors place moral considerations above monetary returns. In conclusion, the need for adequate monetary compensation for investing in fossil fuels far outweighs the moral obligation.
Patterns of island fox habitat use in sand dune habitat on San Clemente Island
Authors: Gamblin Holly , Maestas Jesse , Green David , Bridges Andrew , Garcelon David
Published: June 2024

Identifying areas of high-quality habitat is often a critical first step
for the recovery and management of species of conservation concern, yet
patterns of high density in an area may not always correspond with
high-quality habitat. On San Clemente Island (SCI), the island fox
subspecies (Urocyon littoralis clementae) has been monitored
annually since 1988 to track long-term population trends. Annual density
estimates in most habitat types across the island range from 2–13
foxes/km, yet unusually high estimates have
repeatedly approached 50 foxes/km in a unique sand
dune habitat area. Although sand dune habitat is restricted to one small
area on the island, these estimates suggest sand dune habitat supports
one of the highest population densities of any fox species in the world,
and it may support > 5% of the SCI fox population. This
prompted our investigation to determine if SCI foxes captured in sand
dune habitat maintained home ranges within this habitat type. We
hypothesized that island foxes used sand dune habitat as an important
foraging area while maintaining home ranges centralized in adjacent
habitat types, which likely inflated density estimates for sand dune
habitat. Between January–July 2018, we used Global Positioning System
collars to track the movements of 12 island foxes captured in the sand
dune habitat area. Contrary to our initial predictions, we found that
island foxes captured in the sand dune habitat area do maintain home
ranges and core areas centralized in sand dune habitat. All 12 island
fox home ranges estimated contained >50% sand dune habitat
in either their 50% or 95% fixed kernel density estimate (KDE) home
range, and island foxes were 3.14 times more likely to use active sand
dune habitat when compared to the second most abundant habitat type,
maritime desert scrub (Adjusted β = 3.14, 95% CI = 3.07–3.12).