bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОГО ВОДОРЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ
Authors: Zhezmer V.B. , Shcherbakov A.O.
Published: April 2020

Разработка принципов экологически безопасной эксплуатации агроландшафта при условии обеспечения оросительной водой не только используемых в настоящее время орошаемых площадей, но и выбывших из оборота мелиорированных земель, является актуальной и востребованной. Экологическая безопасность водообеспечения предполагает как экономию водных ресурсов, так и повышение безопасности эксплуатации гидромелиоративных систем (ГМС). В статье обоснована необходимость, с целью обеспечения безопасности гидротехнических сооружений, создания системы автоматизированного ведения мониторинга гидротехнических сооружений (ГТС) на основе современных веб-технологий, представлена концептуальная модель системы мониторинга, а также структура базы данных и принципы работы с массивами информации.

The development of the principles of the environmentally safe operation of the agro-landscap, provided that irrigated water is provided not only for the currently used irrigated areas, but also all reclaimed land, is relevant and in demand. Environmental safety of water supply involves both saving water resources and improving the safety of the operation of irrigation and drainage systems (HMS). The article substantiates the need, in order to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures, the creation of a system for automated monitoring of hydraulic structures (GTS) based on modern web technologies, presents a conceptual model of a monitoring system, as well as a database structure and principles for working with arrays of information.
ВОДООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ ЮЖНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ РОССИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ И ВОЛГОГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Strizhnikov O.A.
Published: April 2020

Россия является одной из самых обеспеченных водой стран мира. Ее запасы составляют 20 от мировых пресных поверхностных и подземных вод. В количественном отношении водные ресурсы России слагаются из статических (вековых) и возобновляемых запасов. Первые считаются неизменными и постоянными в течение длительного времени возобновляемые водные ресурсы оцениваются объемом годового стока рек.

Russia is one of the most water-rich countries in the world. Its reserves account for 20 of the worlds fresh surface and groundwater. In quantitative terms, Russias water resources consist of static (age-old) and renewable resources. The former are considered constant and permanent for a long time renewable water resources are estimated by the volume of annual river flow.
СОСТОЯНИЕ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО ФОНДА БАССЕЙНА Р.КУБАНЬ ПО КРАСНОДАРСКОМУ КРАЮ, РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АДЫГЕЯ И КАРАЧАЕВО-ЧЕРКЕССКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Authors: Enakaeva V.R. , Popova N.M. , Getman E.N.
Published: April 2020

В статье приведены показатели по Краснодарскому краю, Республике Адыгея и Карачаево-Черкесской Республике, характеризующие мелиоративное состояние орошаемых земель. Выполнена сравнительная оценка мелиоративного состояния орошаемых и осушаемых сельскохозяйственных угодий и технического состояния мелиоративных систем за 2013 и 2018 годы по официальным данным сайта Департамента мелиорации Минсельхоза РФ.

The article presents indicators for the Krasnodar territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic that characterize the reclamation status of irrigated lands. A comparative assessment of irrigated and drained agricultural lands reclamation status and technical condition of reclamation systems in 2013 and 2018, according to the official website of the Russian Federation Ministry of agriculture land reclamation department.
СЦЕНАРИИ РАСЧЕТОВ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ РУСЛОВЫХ И ПОЙМЕННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВОДОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ НИЖНЕГО ДОНА
Authors: Fedotova E.V. , Ratcovich E.L.
Published: April 2020

В статье приведены необходимые данные для разработки гидродинамической модели участка р. Дон ниже Цимлянского гидроузла. Сформулированы варианты сценариев и посуточных гидрографов приточности с различной обеспеченностью по водности для проведения многовариантных расчетов управления попусками в нижний бьеф Цимлянского гидроузла.

The article presents the necessary data for the development of the Don River section hydrodynamic model below the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric site. Considered variants of scenarios and daily inflow hydrographs with different water availability for multivariate managing calculations for the discharge into the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric site downstream.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДРЕНАЖНЫХ ВОД МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИИ
Authors: Maksimenko V.P. , Menshikova S.A.
Published: April 2020

В статье представлены данные рекогносцировочных исследований состава и качества дренажно-сбросных вод, формирующихся на длительно используемых землях мелиоративных систем. На лизиметрической станции, расположенной в Рязанской области, были отобраны и проанализированы пробы воды и рассмотрена возможность их повторного использования.

The article presents data from reconnaissance studies of the composition and quality of drainage and discharge waters formed on long-used land reclamation systems. At the lysimetric station located in the Ryazan region, water samples were selected and analyzed and the possibility of their reuse was considered.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭФФЛЮЕНТА НА СТРУКТУРУ УРОЖАЯ ЯЧМЕНЯ ПРИ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ДЕГРАДИРОВАННОЙ АЛЛЮВИАЛЬНОЙ ПОЧВЫ
Authors: Ilinskiy A.V. , Pobedinskaya G.V. , Ignatenok V.A.
Published: April 2020

Научное обоснование применения эффлюента для реабилитации деградированных почв земель сельскохозяйственного назначения и повышения биопродуктивности агрофитоценозов является одним из перспективных научных направлений в области мелиорации. Экспериментально было установлено, что эффлюент и мелиорант на его основе, усиливая пищевой режим ячменя, оказали положительное влияние на изучаемые элементы структуры урожая (высота растений, длина метелки, масса тысячи зерен, продуктивность колоса).

Scientific justification of the use of effluent for the rehabilitation of degraded soils of agricultural lands and increasing the bio-productivity of agrophytocenoses is one of the promising scientific directions in the field of land reclamation. Experimentally, it was found that the effluent and meliorant based on it, strengthening the food regime of barley, had a positive effect on the studied elements of the crop structure (plant height, panicle length, mass of a thousand grains, productivity of the ear).
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ УЗЛОВ ОЧИСТКИ СТОКА В СОСТАВЕ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РФ
Authors: Strelbitskаya E.B. , Solomina A.P.
Published: April 2020

В статье обоснована необходимость очистки от загрязняющих компонентов дренажного стока гидромелиоративных систем Нечерноземной зоны России с целью внутрисистемного использования для увлажнения сельскохозяйственных культур и безопасного водоотведения в природные водоемы и реки, являющиеся водоприемниками стока. Определены основные тенденции развития в области совершенствования схем очистки, сформулированы базовые технические требования, обеспечивающие их надежную работу с наибольшим экологическим эффектом.

The article substantiates the need to clean up the polluting components of drainage runoff of hydro-reclamation systems in the non-Black-earth zone of Russia in order to use them internally for moistening agricultural crops and safe drainage to natural reservoirs and rivers that are water receivers of runoff. The main trends of development in the field of improvement of cleaning schemes are defined, and the basic technical requirements that ensure their reliable operation with the greatest environmental effect are formulated.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КАПЕЛЬНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ В НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЕ
Authors: Kudryavtseva L.V.
Published: April 2020

В статье описывается влияние норм внесения удобрений на содержание NPK в дренажных водах. Дренажные воды накапливают в прудах и используют на орошение. Наиболее экономно дренажные воды используются при капельном орошении. Эффективность капельного орошения возрастает при сочетании его с мульчированием полимерной пленкой В статье показано как влияет мульчирование картофеля на его урожайность. Рассмотрены различные виды мульчирующих пленок. Описана система капельного орошения картофеля в сочетании с мульчированием мембранной пленкой, разработанная в нашем институте. Применение мембранной пленки обеспечивает возможность поддержания в гребне борозды благоприятного водно-воздушного режима. Этот экран при выпадении осадков позволяет отводить дождевую воду от гребня и предотвратить переувлажнение почвы в зоне расположения клубней и предотвратить их загнивание.

The article describes an impact of fertilizer application rates on the NPK content in drainage waters. Drainage water is collected in ponds and used for irrigation. Most economically effective drainage water is used for drip irrigation. The efficiency of drip irrigation increases when it is combined with mulching with a polymer film. The article shows how the mulching of potatoes affects its productivity. Various types of mulching films are presented. A system of drip irrigation of potatoes combined with mulching with a membrane film, which was developed at our institute, is described in the article in detail. The use of a membrane film makes it possible to maintain a favorable water-air regime in the crest of the furrow. This screen during precipitation allows to divert rainwater from the ridge and prevent waterlogging of the soil in the area of the potato tubers and prevent their decay.
Acil Serviste Non-varisiyel Üst Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanaması ile Başvuran Hastaların Pre-endoskopik Rockall Skorunun Klinik Seyir ile İlişkisi
Authors: ŞAHİN İbrahim Özgür , ACEHAN Selen , AVCİ Akkan , GÜLEN Müge , SATAR Salim
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Gastrointestinal sistem kanamalarında mortalite ve cerrahiye gidecek hastaların belirlenmesinde birçok skorlama sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise başvuran akut nonvarisiyel üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamalı hastaların preendoskopik Rockall skoru (PreRS)  ile klinik seyri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metod: Ağustos 2014 ve Temmuz 2015 arası acil servisimize başvuran 18 yaş üstü nonvarisiyel üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması tanısı alan hastalar retrospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya toplam 368 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 63,03±17,43 idi. PreRS’na göre hastaların 56’sı (% 15,2) düşük riskli, 312’si (% 84,8) yüksek riskli grupta idi. PreRS yüksek riskli olan grupta endoskopik Forrest IIc ve III olan hasta oranı PreRS düşük riskli olan gruptan anlamlı (p<0,05) olarak düşük bulundu. Hastaların yoğun bakım yatışı ve acilde exitus oranı PreRS yüksek riskli olan grupta PreRS düşük risk olan gruptan anlamlı (p<0,05) olarak daha yüksek bulundu. PreRS yüksek risk olan grupta kan transfüzyon yapılma oranı ve sayısı PreRS düşük risk olan gruptan anlamlı (p ˂ 0,05) olarak daha yüksek bulundu. PreRS düşük ve yüksek olan grupta cerrahi geçirme, tekrar kanama, yatışta exitus oranları ve yatış süresi anlamlı (p ˃ 0,05) farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuç: Çeşitli kısıtlılıkları olmasına karşın acil servise başvuran NVÜGK’lı hastaların risk sınıflamasının yapılmasında PreRS faydalı olduğu, ancak seyrin öngörülmesinde yardımcı olmayabileceği söylenebilir.
Acil Servise Kuduz Riskiyle Başvuran Hastaların Demografik Özelliklerinin Analizi
Authors: DEVECİ Türkan , AY Mehmet Oğuzhan , ACEHAN Selen , AVCİ Akkan , GÜLEN Müge , AVCİ Begüm , SATAR Salim
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu üç yıllık çalışmamızda acil servisimize başvuran kuduz riskli temas olgularının demografik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2012-2014 yılları arasında kuduz riskli temas nedeniyle acil servisimize başvuran hastaların demografik özellikleri hastane otomasyon sistemi, acil hasta bakı kartları ve kuduz bildirim defterinden geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS 21.0 paket programı kullanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 2732 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların %70,4’ü (n:1923) erkek, %29,6’sı (n:809) kadın ve ortalama yaşı 23,65 yıl (min: 0, maks: 87 yıl) idi. Hastaların %15,7’sinin 2012 yılında, %39,3’ünün 2013 yılında, %44,9’unun ise 2014 yılı içinde acil servise başvurduğu belirlendi. Başvurular en sık mayıs, haziran ve temmuz aylarında idi. En sık kuduz şüphesi olan hastalarda köpeklerle (%61,6) ve ısırılma yoluyla (%71,8) temas öyküsü mevcuttu. Hastaların %95,5’ine yara bakımı ve tetanoz profilaksisi uygulanmıştır. Hastaların %99,9’una 1 doz, %85,6’sına 2 doz, %51,5’ine 3 doz, %9,9’una 4 doz ve %6,2’sine 5 doz aşı, %7,9’una kuduz aşısıyla birlikte HRIG yapıldığı saptandı. Hayvanların %99,7’sinin takip süresince yaşadığı, %0,3’ünün ise öldüğü tespit edildi. Hiçbir hastamızda kuduz hastalığı belirtileri ve ölüm görülmedi.Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile kuduz şüpheli hayvanla temasın her geçen yıl artış gösterdiği ve ilimiz için halen ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunu olduğu belirlendi. Belediyelerce yürütülen sahipsiz hayvan toplama, kontrol ve ıslah hizmetlerine daha fazla önem verilmesi, hayvan barınaklarının kapasite ve sayılarının arttırılması, toplumun kuduz hastalığı açısından bilgilendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Acil Servise Başvuran Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığına Bağlı Sekonder Spontan Pnömotoraks Gelişen Hastaların Analizi
Authors: TEMİZ Gökbay , GÜLEN Müge , TEMİZ Göktan , ACEHAN Selen , AVCİ Akkan , SATAR Salim
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Çalışmamızda Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığına bağlı Sekonder Spontan Pnömotoraks tanısı konulmuş hastaların klinik özellikleri, sigara kullanım alışkanlıkları, tedavi protokollerinin ve sonlanımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak 01-12-2012/ 01-01-2016 tarihleri arasında 3. Basamak eğitim araştırma hastanesi acil servisinde yapıldı. Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığına bağlı Sekonder Spontan Pnömotoraks tanısı alan ve hastaneye yatırılan hastalar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Toplanan veriler retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığına bağlı Sekonder Spontan Pnömotoraks tanısı almış 40 yaş üstü 62 hasta değerlendirildi. Olguların % 87,1’i erkek (n: 54), % 12,9’u kadın (n: 8) idi. Yaş ortalaması 61,4+11,3 idi. Pnömotoraksın yönü hastaların % 67,7’sinde (n: 42) sağ ve % 32,3’ünde (n: 20) sol taraf olarak saptandı.  Sonuç: Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığına bağlı Sekonder Spontan Pnömotoraks yüksek mortalite oranı taşıması nedeniyle acil teşhis ve tedavi gerektirir. Sekonder spontan pnomotoraks tedavisinde tüp torakostomi ilk seçenek olarak düşünülmelidir. Yine bu hastaların tedavisi planlanırken hastanın genel durumu, pnömotoraksın ilk veya nüks olması ve altta yatan akciğer hastalığının göz önünde bulundurulmasının gerekli olduğu kanaatindeyiz.
Kronik Esrar Kullanımı Olan Hastada Wellens Sendromu
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mustafa , AKKOYUN Rana , YILDIRIM Sunay , YENİOCAK Selman
Published: April 2020

Madde bağımlılığı, fiziksel, ruhsal sosyal sorunlara yol açan tüm yaşlarda görülebilen bir toplumsal problemdir. 25 yıl kronik esrar kullanımı olan altmış bir yaşında erkek hastada elektrokardiyografi (EKG) bulgularına göre wellens sendromu düşünüldü. Hastanın acil koroner girişim sonrası LAD total oklüzyonu saptandı. Koroner total oklüzyon olmadan görülen ve oklüzyonu haber veren wellens sendromunun esrar kullanımı ile birlikteliği literatürde daha önce bildirilmedi. Esrar kullanımı olan hastalarda da bu sendromun düşünülmesi hızla mortaliteye yolaçması açısından düşünülmesi gerekmektedir.
Three-dimensional Simulations of Magnetar-powered Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Chen Ke-Jung , Woosley S. E. , Whalen Daniel J.
Published: April 2020

A rapidly spinning magnetar in a young supernova (SN) can produce a superluminous transient by converting a fraction of its rotational energy into radiation. Here, we present the first three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations ever performed of a magnetar-powered SN in the circumstellar medium formed by the ejection of the outer layers of the star prior to the blast. We find that hydrodynamical instabilities form on two scales in the ejecta, not just one as in ordinary core-collapse SNe: in the hot bubble energized by the magnetar and in the forward shock of the SN as it plows up ambient gas. Pressure from the bubble also makes the instabilities behind the forward shock more violent and causes more mixing in the explosion than in normal SNe, with important consequences for the light curves and spectra of the event that cannot be captured by one-dimensional models. We also find that the magnetar can accelerate Ca and Si to velocities of ∼12,000

and account for their broadened emission lines in observations. Our simulations also reveal that energy from even weak magnetars can accelerate iron-group elements deep in the ejecta to 5000–7000

and explain the high-velocity Fe observed at early times in some core-collapse SNe such as SN 1987A.
Testing the Lamp-post and Wind Reverberation Models with XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 5506
Authors: Zoghbi Abderahmen , Kalli Sihem , Miller Jon M. , Mizumoto Misaki
Published: April 2020

The lamp-post geometry is often used to model X-ray data of accreting black holes. Despite its simple assumptions, it has proven to be powerful in inferring fundamental black hole properties such as the spin. Early results of X-ray reverberations showed support for such a simple picture, though wind reverberation models have also been shown to explain the observed delays. Here, we analyze new and old XMM-Newton observations of the variable Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 5506 to test these models. The source shows an emission line feature around 6.7 keV that is delayed relative to harder and softer energy bands. The spectral feature can be modeled with either a weakly relativistic disk line or by scattering in distant material. By modeling both the spectral and timing signatures, we find that the reflection fraction needed to explain the lags is larger than that observed in the time-averaged spectrum, ruling out both static lamp-post and simple wind reverberation models.
Spectroscopy of Broad Absorption Line Quasars at 3 ≲ Z ≲ 5. I. Evidence for Quasar Winds Shaping Broad/Narrow Emission Line Regions
Authors: Yi Weimin , Zuo Wenwen , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Timlin John , Grier Catherine , Wu Xue-Bing , Fan Xiaohui , Bai Jin-Ming
Published: April 2020

We present an observational study of 22 broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs) at

based on optical/near-IR spectroscopy, aiming to investigate quasar winds and their effects. The near-IR spectroscopy covers the Hβ and/or Mg ii broad emission lines (BELs) for these quasars, allowing us to estimate their central black hole (BH) masses in a robust way. We found that our BAL QSOs, on average, do not have a higher Eddington ratio than that from non-BAL QSOs matched in redshift and/or luminosity. In a subset consisting of seven strong BAL QSOs possessing subrelativistic BAL outflows, we see the prevalence of large C iv BEL blueshift (∼3100 km s−1) and weak [O iii] emission (particularly the narrow [O iii] λ5007 component), indicative of nuclear outflows affecting the narrow emission line (NEL) regions. In another subset consisting of 13 BAL QSOs having simultaneous observations of Mg ii and Hβ, we found a strong correlation between 3000  and 5000 Å monochromatic luminosity, consistent with that from non-BAL QSOs matched in redshift and luminosity; however, there is no correlation between Mg ii and Hβ in FWHM, likely due to nuclear outflows influencing the BEL regions. Our spectroscopic investigations offer strong evidence that the presence of nuclear outflows plays an important role in shaping the BEL/NEL regions of these quasars and, possibly, regulating the growth of central supermassive BHs. We propose that BEL blueshift and BALs could be different manifestations of the same outflow system viewed at different sight lines and/or phases.
An XMM-Newton X-Ray View of Supernova Remnant W49B: Revisiting Its Recombining Plasmas and Progenitor Type
Authors: Sun 孫 Lei 磊 , Chen 陳 Yang 陽
Published: April 2020

We present a comprehensive X-ray spectroscopy and imaging study of supernova remnant W49B using archival XMM-Newton observations. The overionization state of the shocked ejecta in W49B is clearly indicated by the radiative recombination continua of Si xiv, S xv, and Fe xxv, combined with the Lyα lines of Ca and Fe. The line flux images of W49B indicate high emission measures of the central bar-like region for almost all of the emission lines, while the equivalent width maps reveal a stratified structure for the metal abundance distributions. The global spectrum of W49B is well reproduced by a model containing one collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) plasma component and two recombining plasma (RP) components. The CIE plasma represents the shocked interstellar medium, which dominates the X-ray emitting volume in W49B with a mass ∼450

. The two RP components with a total mass ∼4.6

are both dominated by the ejecta material, but characterized by different electron temperatures (∼1.60 and ∼0.64 keV). The recombination ages of the RP components are estimated as ∼6000 yr and ∼3400 yr, respectively. We then reveal the possibility of a thermal conduction origin for the high-temperature RP in W49B by calculating the conduction timescale. The metal abundance ratios of the ejecta in W49B are roughly consistent with a core-collapse explosion model with a ≲15

progenitor, except for a rather high Mn/Fe. A Type Ia origin can explain the Mn abundance, while it predicts much higher ejecta masses than observed values for all of the metal species considered in our analysis.
Satellite Alignment. III. Satellite Galaxies’ Spatial Distribution and Their Dependence on Redshift with a Novel Galaxy Finder
Authors: Tang 唐 Lin 林 , Lin 林 Weipeng 伟 鹏 , Wang 汪 Yang 洋
Published: April 2020

After being extensively explored, observations and theories have shown that satellites are preferentially aligned with major axes of their host centrals. There are still some unresolved issues on this topic. In this paper, we present studies on satellite spatial distribution. To fairly compare with observations, we develop a novel galaxy finder and reconstruction algorithm in hydrodynamical simulation, which is based on the projected mock image, taking into account the full consideration of the point-spread function, pixel size, surface brightness limit, resolution, and redshift dimming effects. With galaxy samples constructed using such an algorithm, the satellite alignment is examined by comparing with observational results. It is found that the observational alignment can be reproduced for red galaxies, which dominate the sample in this study, but not for blue galaxies. Satellites’ radial distribution is also investigated. It exhibits that outer satellites within host halos show stronger alignment signal than satellites in the inner regions, especially for red satellites, which is in contrast with previous studies. The disagreement is mainly due to extra galaxies identified by our new galaxy finder, which are mainly located in the inner region of host halos. Our study illustrates that at lower redshift, the alignment strength becomes stronger, while the radial distribution curve becomes flatter. This suggests differences in the evolution of the angular distribution between satellites residing in the inner and outer halos and implies that the post-infall evolution reduces the original alignment signal and that the impact decreases for satellites with later infall times.
Twenty Years of SpeX: Accuracy Limits of Spectral Slope Measurements in Asteroid Spectroscopy
Authors: Marsset Michaël , DeMeo Francesca E. , Binzel Richard P. , Bus Schelte J. , Burbine Thomas H. , Burt Brian , Moskovitz Nicholas , Polishook David , Rivkin Andrew S. , Slivan Stephen M. , Thomas Cristina
Published: April 2020

We examined two decades of SpeX/NASA Infrared Telescope Facility observations from the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey (SMASS) and the MIT–Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey (MITHNEOS) to investigate uncertainties and systematic errors in reflectance spectral slope measurements of asteroids. From 628 spectra of 11 solar analogs used for calibration of the asteroid spectra, we derived an uncertainty of

on slope measurements over 0.8–2.4 μm. Air mass contributes to −0.92% μm−1 per 0.1 unit air mass difference between the asteroid and the solar analog and therefore for an overall 2.8%  μm−1 slope variability in SMASS and MITHNEOS designed to operate within 1.0–1.3 air mass. No additional observing conditions (including the parallactic angle, seeing, and humidity) were found to contribute systematically to slope change. We discuss implications for asteroid taxonomic classification works. Uncertainties provided in this study should be accounted for in future compositional investigation of small bodies to distinguish intrinsic heterogeneities from possible instrumental effects.
Story Grammar Analysis of Pre-schoolers' Narratives: An Investigation into the Influence of Task Parameters
Authors: Tönsing Kerstin M. , Tesner Herman
Published: April 2020

This study aimed at examining the influences of the parameters of the narrative task (administered to the pre-schooler) on narrative structure. Seventeen pre-school children were selected as subjects. Five narrative tasks were administered to each subject. The narratives were analysed for length and structure. Mainly two factors were found to influence the length and structure of the produced narratives; firstly, the presence or absence of a 'model' on which the child could base his/her narrative, and, secondly, the structure inherent in this 'model'. The implications of the study for clinical assessment of narrative skills as well as for further research are considered.
Opvoedkundige Oudiologie: Medekonsultasie in Spesialiseringsonderwys
Authors: Pottas Lidia , Hugo René
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the value of educational audiology in the in-service training of teachers of children with hearing loss, in the South African context. Two questionnaires were developed which teachers and headmasters of schools for the deaf/hard of hearing in the Gauteng and Northwest provinces completed. The aim of the first questionnaire was to obtain background information regarding the 10 schools included in this study. The purpose of the second questionnaire was to determine the knowledge of 211 teachers regarding the child with a hearing loss. The background information obtained from the first questionnaire made it possible for the researchers to compare the knowledge of two different groups of teachers on the basis of in-service training. The results indicated definite limitations in the knowledge of the teachers, which must be viewed in light of the specific audiological needs of the child with a hearing loss, who may thus not fulfill his/her potential in the school setting. In spite of in-service training there was no significant difference between the two groups of teachers, which questions the value of existing training.
Weighted cogrowth formula for free groups
Authors: Jaerisch Johannes , Matsuzaki Katsuhiko
Published: April 2020

We investigate the relationship between geometric, analytic and probabilistic indices for quotients of the Cayley graph of the free group

{\rm Cay}(F_n)

by an arbitrary subgroup

G

of

F_n

. Our main result, which generalizes Grigorchuk's cogrowth formula to variable edge lengths, provides a formula relating the bottom of the spectrum of weighted Laplacian on

G \backslash {\rm Cay}(F_n)

to the Poincaré exponent of

G

. Our main tool is the Patterson–Sullivan theory for Cayley graphs with variable edge lengths.
Gratitude is female. Biological sex, socio-cultural gender versus gratitude and positive orientation
Authors: Skalski Sebastian , Pochwatko Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

Background

According to previous studies, women experience emotions more frequently and intensively than men, and also reveal greater sensitivity to emotions of other people. Relationships turn out to be more complicated in the case of socio-cultural gender. The objective of the study was to search for relations between biological sex, socio-cultural gender, gratitude and positive orientation.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 238 participants (125 women and 113 men). The average age of the participants was 33.28 (SD = 8.95). The following research tools were employed: the Masculinity and Femininity Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire and the Positivity Scale. To determine the significance of differences, Student’s t-test and analy-sis of variance (ANOVA) were used. In order to establish the relationships between variables, Pearson’s corre-lation coefficient and linear regression were applied. The significance of the mediation model was tested using Sobel’s test.

Results

Biological sex and socio-cultural gender differentiated the results of gratitude. Femininity was associated with higher scores on the scales of gratitude and positive orientation. Gratitude showed a correlation with positive orientation.

Conclusions

Women exhibit a higher level of gratitude than men. Androgynous people show a higher level of gratitude than people who are sex-typed, undifferentiated and cross-sex-typed. Sex-typed women show a higher level of gratitude compared to sex-typed men. Women who are cross-sex-typed display a lower level of gratitude than cross-sex-typed men. Gratitude is a mediator of the relationship between femininity and positive orientation.
Intimate relationship and its significance for eudaimonic well-being in young adults
Authors: Czyżowska Dorota , Gurba Ewa , Czyżowska Natalia , Kalus Alicja
Published: April 2020

Background

Previous studies indicate that being in a relationship has a beneficial effect on the physical and mental health and also significantly affects the quality of life. One of the essential elements of the relationship is intimacy, which includes sharing experiences, support and mutual understanding, as well as respect and care for the good of the partner. Being in a relationship, the nature of this relationship (marriage vs. informal relationship) as well as the level of intimacy and the assessment of the quality of the relationship may be in relation to the personal sense of well-being. In this research we intended to estimate the significance of these variables for the sense of well-being and analyze which of these variables have the same meaning for the sense of well-being of young women and men.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of 431 people (217 women and 214 men) aged 23 to 37 years (46% of the study group were people in relationships, and 54% were single).

Results

The conducted research confirmed the relationship between the sense of eudaimonic well-being and having a partner, as well as the relationship between sense of intimacy with the partner and the assessment of the quality of the relationship, indicating some differences in this respect between women and men.

Conclusions

It seems that an important issue, worth investigating in our research, concerns the reasons why individuals live a single life (voluntary and involuntary singles), and whether or not they are satisfied with this kind of life. Just as in the case of relationships it is not only the fact of being in a relationship that makes a difference but the level of satisfaction with the relationship as well, also in the case of singles satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with living alone may prove to be significant.
The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the evaluation of patients with disorders of consciousness: a case report
Authors: Gębska-Kośla Katarzyna , Głąbiński Andrzej , Sabiniewicz Magdalena , Wolak Tomasz , Wachowski Mariusz , Kruczykowska Lidia , Majos Agata
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The management of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) constitutes a challenge for clinicians.

Case report

We present the case of a 66-year-old man who developed coma with subsequent DOC after a severe traumatic brain injury. Behavioural assessment constitutes the gold standard in the evaluation of patients with DOC. In the case presented herein the neuropsychological findings were ambiguous, and the patient underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether he was in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state. Three paradigms: passive, active, and resting state fMRI were used to study the brain activity in our patient.

Conclusions

fMRI provided reliable evidence of preserved minimal consciousness. The neuroimaging techniques used in our patient were vital for his further treatment.
Rationality of using whole-body computed tomography in trauma patients
Authors: Wierzchołowski Wojciech , Walecki Jerzy Michał , Latos Tomasz
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Identification of the group of patients meeting the criteria of a severe multiple trauma (polytrauma) among those admitted to the regional trauma centre and subjected to whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) due to injuries. Identification the patients for whom WBCT was the optimal choice.

Material and methods

Retrospective analysis of the data of 303 patients undergoing WBCT in the period 2015-2017 with assessment of the injury severity based on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS).

Results

Among 303 patients undergoing WBCT due to trauma, multiple injuries with ISS > 15 were found in 74 individuals (24.4%). After excluding patients whose limb fractures increased ISS above 15, the group decreased to 63 patients (20.8%). For these patients, the WBCT may be described as the optimal imaging method at an early stage of management.

Conclusions

Trauma patients are too often qualified for WBCT. Exposure to a high dose of ionising radiation associated with this modality requires critical analysis of the scope of indications and rules of conduct for trauma teams.
Detection of the artery of Adamkiewicz using multidetector row computed tomography in patients with spinal arteriovenous shunt disease
Authors: Hoshiai Sodai , Shiigai Masanari , Konishi Takahiro , Nakai Yasunobu , Masumoto Tomohiko
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To plan a treatment strategy for a spinal arteriovenous shunt (SAVS), identifying the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) and its origin is indispensable. However, detecting the AKA is very difficult in patients with an SAVS when using computed tomography angiography (CTA) by the usual method to find the hairpin curved artery because dilated drainage veins nearly always coexist with the hairpin curved AKA. We designed a method to identify the AKA by focusing on the diameter and pathway of the anterior radiculomedullary arteries (RMAs).

Material and methods

Seven consecutive patients with an SAVS were surveyed. They underwent contrast-enhanced CTA and conventional angiography from January 2009 to December 2012. Two readers evaluated the CTA images and assumed that the AKA was the artery that ran through the anterior portion of the neural foramen and continued to pass on the ventral side of the spinal cord.

Results

Among the seven patients, nine AKAs were detected with conventional angiography. When using our method, seven AKAs and six AKAs were identified on CTA by Reader 1 and Reader 2, respectively. The average sensitivity was 72.3%, and the specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were sufficiently high (i.e. > 85%) for both readers. The kappa value for detecting the AKA was 0.98.

Conclusions

Detecting the origin of the AKA with CTA is challenging in patients with an SAVS. However, focusing on the diameter and pathway of the RMAs may allow successful identification.
The clinical phenotype associated with antisynthetase autoantibodies
Authors: Masiak Anna , Marzec Monika , Kulczycka Julia , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Specific systemic autoimmune syndrome characterized by inflammatory myopathy, arthritis or arthralgias, interstitial lung disease (ILD), fever, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and mechanic’s hands is called antisynthetase syndrome (AS). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical spectrum associated with presence of aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase autoantibodies (ASA).

Material and methods

A total of 305 patients with presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies were identified in the database of immunological tests performed in the Clinical Immunology and Transplantology Unit, Medical University of Gdansk between January 2011 and March 2016. In 110 patients (36%) ASA were detected. The detailed analysis included 50 patients with ASA for whom full clinical data were available.

Results

The incidence of specific ASA in the analyzed group was: Jo-1 46% (23 patients), PL-12 32% (16 patients), PL-7 16% (8 patients), OJ 12% (6 patients), EJ 6% (3 patients). In 10% (5 patients) there was coexistence of at least one ASA, and in another 5 patients there was coexistence of ASA with other antibodies specific for myositis (MSA). In the analyzed group of patients 11 (22%) satisfied the Bohan and Peter criteria for dermatomyositis, 1 for polymyositis. In 5 patients (10%) based on clinical presentation and ASA presence the AS was recognized. Another 3 patients met the criteria of the overlap syndrome polymyositis respectively with systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma. In 5 patients undifferentiated connective tissue disease was diagnosed, and 14 consecutive patients were diagnosed with other connective tissue diseases, while 12 patients did not receive a definitive diagnosis.

Conclusions

The clinical presentation of patients with the presence of ASA is varied. Their presence indicates not only idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, but also non-specifically other disease entities. These patients require observation for the development of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, and ILD.
Assessment of anti-HBs antibody concentration in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with biological drugs, vaccinated against viral type B hepatitis in infancy
Authors: Szczygielska Izabela , Hernik Elżbieta , Gazda Agnieszka , Kołodziejczyk Beata , Gietka Piotr
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The introduction of vaccinations against viral hepatitis B in the years 1994–1996 in Poland significantly improved the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in our country. According to the report of the National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene in 2018, 40 cases of acute hepatitis B were noted while still in the 1980s between 10 and 20 thousand new cases were reported annually. The aim of the study was to determine whether in children treated with biological drugs (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab) due to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), vaccinated against hepatitis B in infancy, a protective concentration of anti-HBs antibodies persists. In patients, the value ≥ 10 mIU/ml is regarded as a protective concentration of antibodies, determined at least four weeks after administration of the last vaccine dose. Among healthy individuals, presence of anti-HBs antibodies in any concentration means seroprotection. No booster vaccinations are recommended in basically vaccinated healthy individuals.

Material and methods

The concentrations of anti-HBs antibodies were determined in 56 children with JIA (38 girls – 67.9% and 18 boys – 32.1%) aged from 2 years and 4 months to 17.5 years, treated for at least three months with biological drugs. The diagnosis of JIA was made based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. All studied patients were at the stable stage of the disease and received a full course of hepatitis B vaccination during infancy (in accordance with 0,1,6 months injection scheme).

Results

In the studied children a protective anti-HBs antibody concentration was found in 34 cases (60.7%), and 22 children (39.3%) had anti-HBs antibody concentration < 10 mIU/ml (in these children no seroprotection was found).

Conclusions

The post-vaccination antibody concentration should be determined in children with JIA, treated with biological drugs and, in case of absence of a protective concentration, revaccination should be started.
Features of heritable disorders of connective tissue in children with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Boyarchuk Oksana
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT) are associated with morphological and functional disorders of different organs and systems. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical signs of heritable disorders of connective tissue and oxyproline levels in children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

Material and methods

A total of 155 patients aged 4 to 17 years participated in the study: 23 with ARF, 78 with RHD, and 54 healthy patients with a history of ARF. All patients underwent a standardized examination protocol, which consisted of a detailed medical history recorded by the physician, general and special laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and Doppler echocardiography. Special attention was paid to the clinical signs of HDCT. The intensity of the metabolic processes in the connective tissue was evaluated by serum oxyproline levels.

Results

The signs of HDCT were revealed in 121 (78.1%) of the patients with ARF and RHD. Among cardiovascular manifestations, we observed mitral valve prolapse most often – in 91 (58.7%) patients. Musculoskeletal anomalies were observed in 94 (60.7%) patients. Both groups of patients with ARF and RHD had elevated mean serum oxyproline levels.

Conclusions

Children with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease presented with a number of signs characteristic of heritable connective tissue disorders. The cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system changes are the most frequent among all features of HDCT. Elevated levels of serum oxyproline in patients with ARF and RHD confirm connective tissue disorders. Children with manifestations of HDCT are at the risk of ARF and RHD development.
The place of omega-3 and omega-6 acids in supplementary treatment of inflammatory joint diseases
Authors: Kwiatkowska Brygida , Maślińska Maria
Published: April 2020

Eating habits have been analysed for years as a factor influencing the development of autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to infections. On the basis of research, observational studies and meta-analyses, special attention was paid to omega-3 and omega-6 acids. The purpose of the review is to show the importance of omega-3 and omega-6 acids as important ingredients in the healthy diet and as factors protecting against the development of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The influence of these omega-3 and -6 acids on the course of rheumatic diseases and arguments for their use as complementary therapy are also presented.
Calibration of global MODIS cloud amount using CALIOP cloud
profiles
Authors: Kotarba Andrzej Z.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud detection procedure classifies instantaneous fields of view (IFOV) as either confident cloudy, probably cloudy, probably clear, or confident clear. The cloud amount calculation requires quantitative cloud fractions to be assigned to these classes. The operational procedure used by NASA assumes that confident clear and probably clear IFOV are cloud-free (cloud fraction 0 %), while the remaining categories are completely filled with clouds (cloud fraction 100 %). This study demonstrates that this best guess approach is unreliable, especially on a regional/ local scale. We use data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument flown on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission, collocated with MODIS/ Aqua IFOV. Based on 33,793,648 paired observations acquired in January and July 2015, we conclude that actual cloud fractions to be associated with MODIS cloud mask categories are 21.5 %, 27.7 %, 66.6 %, and 94.7 %. Spatial variability is significant, even within a single MODIS algorithm path, and the operational approach introduces uncertainties of up to 30 % of cloud amount, notably in the polar regions at night, and in selected locations over the northern hemisphere. Applications of MODIS data at ~10 degrees resolution (or finer) should first assess the extent of the error. Uncertainties were related to the efficiency of the cloud masking algorithm. Until the algorithm can be significantly modified, our method is a robust way to calibrate (correct) MODIS estimates. It can be also used for MODIS/ Terra data, and other missions where the footprint is collocated with CALIPSO.
Lake and mire isolation data set for the estimation of post-glacial land uplift in Fennoscandia
Authors: Pohjola Jari , Turunen Jari , Lipping Tarmo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Postglacial land uplift is a complex process related to the continental ice retreat that took place about 10 000 years ago and thus started the viscoelastic response of the Earth's crust to rebound back to its equilibrium state. To empirically model the land uplift process based on past behaviour of shoreline displacement, data points of known spatial location, elevation and dating are needed. Such data can be obtained by studying the isolation of lakes and mires from the sea. Archaeological data on human settlements (i.e. human remains, fireplaces etc.) are also very useful as the settlements were indeed situated on dry land and were often located close to the coast. This information can be used to validate and update the postglacial land uplift model. In this paper, a collection of data underlying empirical land uplift modelling in Fennoscandia is presented. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905352 (Pohjola et al., 2019).
Morphometric properties of alternate bars and water discharge: a laboratory investigation
Authors: Redolfi Marco , Welber Matilde , Carlin Mattia , Tubino Marco , Bertoldi Walter
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The formation of alternate bars in straightened river reaches represents a fundamental process of river morphodynamics that has received great attention in the last decades. It is well-established that migrating alternate bars arise from an autogenic, instability mechanism occurring when the channel width-to-depth ratio is sufficiently large. While several empirical and theoretical relations for predicting how bar height and length depend on the key dimensionless parameters are available, there is a lack of direct, quantitative information about the dependence of bar properties on flow discharge. We performed a series of experiments in a long, mobile-bed flume with fixed and straight banks, at different discharges. The self-formed bed topography was surveyed, different metrics were analysed to obtain quantitative information about bar height and shape, and results were interpreted in the light of existing theoretical models. The analysis reveals that the shape of alternate bars highly depends on their formative discharge, with remarkable variations in the harmonic composition and a strong decreasing trend of the skewness of the bed elevation. Similarly, the height of alternate bars clearly decreases with the water discharge, in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. However, the disappearance of bars when discharge exceeds a critical threshold is not as sharp as expected, due to the formation of so-called diagonal bars. This work provides basic information for modelling and interpreting short-term morphological variations during individual flood events and long-term trajectories due to alterations of the hydrological regime.