bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Informed Neural Network for Discovering Historical Documentation Assisting the Repatriation of Indigenous Ancestral Human Remains
Authors: Bashar Md Abul , Nayak Richi , Knapman Gareth , Turnbull Paul , Fforde Cressida
Published: March 2023

Among the pressing issues facing Australian and other First Nations peoples is the repatriation of the bodily remains of their ancestors, which are currently held in Western scientific institutions. The success of securing the return of these remains to their communities for reburial depends largely on locating information within scientific and other literature published between 1790 and 1970 documenting their theft, donation, sale, or exchange between institutions. This article reports on collaborative research by data scientists and social science researchers in the Research, Reconcile, Renew Network (RRR) to develop and apply text mining techniques to identify this vital information. We describe our work to date on developing a machine learning-based solution to automate the process of finding and semantically analysing relevant texts. Classification models, particularly deep learning-based models, are known to have low accuracy when trained with small amounts of labelled (i.e. relevant/non-relevant) documents. To improve the accuracy of our detection model, we explore the use of an Informed Neural Network (INN) model that describes documentary content using expert-informed contextual knowledge. Only a few labelled documents are used to provide specificity to the model, using conceptually related keywords identified by RRR experts in provenance research. The results confirm the value of using an INN network model for identifying relevant documents related to the investigation of the global commercial trade in Indigenous human remains. Empirical analysis suggests that this INN model can be generalized for use by other researchers in the social sciences and humanities who want to extract relevant information from large textual corpora.
Employability Development during Internships: A Three-Wave Study on a Sample of Psychology Graduates in Italy
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , Costantini Arianna , Akkermans Jos , Sartori Riccardo , De Rosa Assunta
Published: March 2023

This study adopts a resource perspective to investigate the development of graduates’ resource-based employability across a 1-year internship. We examined factors referring to agency (job crafting in the form of crafting challenges and crafting resources) and context (organizational social socialization tactics) as mechanisms contributing to employability development during initial work experiences (internships). Data were collected in Italy from 316 master graduates in psychology at three time points. Longitudinal structural equation modeling results showed that baseline employability was positively associated with job crafting. However, job crafting was only significantly associated with employability at the end of the internship among those reporting high crafting resources and medium-to-high organizational social socialization tactics. Hence, beyond a focus on proactivity only, organizational support and opportunities to form social networks are essential to sustain interns’ employability development.
Harms, Wrongs, and Medical Moral Injury
Authors: Sloane Andrew
Published: March 2023

In this article I explore the contribution of ethical analysis and theological reflection to understanding and responding to moral injury of healthcare workers in light of the COVID pandemic. I begin by critically appraising the relevance of moral injury for healthcare contexts, and suggest that the term ‘medical moral injury’ should be used to differentiate it from ‘military moral injury’. I briefly relate medical moral injury to other relevant phenomena, such as moral dilemmas, moral distress, and moral residue, arguing that moral injury in healthcare contexts might take chronic as well as acute forms. I suggest that agent regret might play an important role in understanding medical moral injury. The associated distinction between harms and wrongs, and so regret and remorse, help us identify different kinds of moral injury, and the distinct role that apology plays in each instance. Theological reflection on penitence, forgiveness, and lament also contributes to understanding and responding to potentially morally injurious events. I conclude that while psychological intervention plays an important role in medical moral injury, moral and theological perspectives provide both crucial lenses through which to understand these potentially injurious moral landscapes, and resources to assist healthcare workers in navigating them more safely.
Characterisation of additively manufactured titanium wall: Mechanical and microstructural aspects
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Sriram Gokulakrishnan , Kumar Raman , Browne Micheal Agnelo , Guo Lei , Nallathambhi Siva Shanmugam
Published: March 2023

Titanium is as strong as steel with less density. Therefore, titanium and its alloys are used in several engineering applications. The primary benefits of using titanium alloys in the production of high-performance components include their light weight, superior tensile strength and exceptional corrosion resistance. Titanium alloys have the capacity to keep their characteristics even at high temperatures. Because of their low density and capacity to withstand temperature extremes, these alloys are mostly utilised in airplanes, spacecraft and missiles. Many of the initiatives to save costs in the production of titanium components are based on additive manufacturing. This study aims to provide preliminary insight into the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of commercially pure grade-2 titanium (CP-Gr-2-Ti) structured wall fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding assisted layer-by-layer manufacturing (GTAW-assisted-LM). Ideal process variables were selected through the trial-and-error method. The vacuum chamber was used during fabrication to ensure that the wall was free of contamination. The anisotropy in the LM processed wall is studied with different orientations of tensile samples. The variation in the microstructure observed in LM processed wall was due to varying complex thermal cycles. The phase texture and grain nature of the wall was studied using pole figures and inverse pole figures. The LM-processed wall exhibits better mechanical properties compared to wrought alloys. The fractography revealed several morphologies indicating that the fractured samples were ductile. Hence, a piece of first-hand information and experience is gained in this research work.
Bayesian semiparametric joint modeling of a count outcome and inconveniently timed longitudinal predictors
Authors: Lim Woobeen , Pennell Michael L , Naughton Michelle J , Paskett Electra D
Published: March 2023

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study is an excellent resource for studying the quality of life following breast cancer treatment. At study entry, women were asked about new symptoms that appeared following their initial cancer treatment. In this article, we were interested in using regression modeling to estimate associations of clinical and lifestyle factors at cancer diagnosis (independent variables) with the number of new symptoms (dependent variable). Although clinical and lifestyle data were collected longitudinally, few measurements were obtained at diagnosis or at a consistent timepoint prior to diagnosis, which complicates the analysis. Furthermore, parametric count models, such as the Poisson and negative binomial, do not fit the symptom data well. Thus, motivated by the issues encountered in LILAC, we propose two Bayesian joint models for longitudinal data and a count outcome. Our two models differ according to the assumption on the outcome distribution: one uses a negative binomial (NB) distribution and the other a nonparametric rounded mixture of Gaussians (RMG). The mean of each count distribution is dependent on imputed values of continuous, binary, and ordinal variables at a time point of interest (e.g. diagnosis). To facilitate imputation, longitudinal variables are modeled jointly using a linear mixed model for a latent underlying normal random variable, and a Dirichlet process prior is assigned to the random subject-specific effects to relax distribution assumptions. In simulation studies, the RMG joint model exhibited superior power and predictive accuracy over the NB model when the data were not NB. The RMG joint model also outperformed an RMG model containing predictors imputed using the last value carried forward, which generated estimates that were biased toward the null. We used our models to examine the relationship between sleep health at diagnosis and the number of new symptoms following breast cancer treatment in LILAC.
Efficacy and safety of arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid for meniscal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Huang Lingan , Wu Gaige , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun
Published: March 2023

Objective

The efficacy and safety of arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid in the treatment of meniscal injuries were evaluated by Meta-analysis to provide an evidence-based basis for the selection of clinical treatment options.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science English databases, and Chinese databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WAN FANG, VIP, and China SinoMed had been searched up to June 2021. Quality evaluation was performed concerning the Cochrane Systematic Evaluation Tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical software Review Manager 5.3.

Results

Eleven randomized controlled trials with a total of 955 patients were eventually included, 473 in the arthroscopic combined with hyaluronic acid group (combined treatment group) and 482 in the arthroscopy alone group (surgery group). The results of the study revealed that the excellent treatment [OR = 3.44, 95% CI (2.10, 5.65), p < .00,001], the VAS score [MD = −0.99, 95% CI (−1.50, −0.48), p = .0002], the Lysholm score [MD = 9.70, 95% CI (6.41, 12.99), p < .00,001] and the joint mobility [MD = 6.31, 95% CI (0.84, 11.78), p = .02] of the combined treatment group were significantly better than the surgery group, the difference was statistically significant. The complications rate was comparable in both groups [OR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.29, 2.53), p = .78], with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid for meniscal injury can improve the efficiency of treatment compared with arthroscopic surgery alone, as well as the efficacy in relieving joint pain and improving joint function and mobility, without increasing the incidence of complications. Arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid administration has good effectiveness and safety profile. Therefore, hyaluronic acid supplementation is recommended after arthroscopic surgery when treating meniscal injuries.
A Feasibility Study of the SAFE Pilot Program: A University–School Board Partnership in Ontario
Authors: Sanders Jane E. , Seale Ariel , Lewis Victoria , Arundel M.K. , Csiernik Rick
Published: March 2023

The Support and Aid to Families Electronically (SAFE) pilot program was developed through a community–university partnership to support parents of elementary students in Ontario, while providing stable practicums for social work students in the midst of COVID-19 restrictions. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility of the SAFE pilot program as a mental health support to families by examining three feasibility objectives: demand, acceptably, and implementation. Method: Qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and qualitative surveys involving service users, social work students, referring school board and university professionals ( n = 37) were examined. Results: Demand for SAFE extended beyond the pandemic. A high-level of acceptance of SAFE was identified. Areas of success and considerations for implementation are outlined. Discussion: This study provides practice guidance on implementing this unique program, with potential to address gaps in service provision and the ongoing crisis in field education.
Implementing Virtual Interview Training for Transition-Age Youth: Practical Strategies for Educators
Authors: Sherwood Kari , Smith Matthew J. , Ross Brittany , Johnson Jeffery , Trautwein Amy , Landau Matthew , Hume Kara
Published: March 2023

This column shares strategies for implementing a technology-based intervention within secondary special education transition services. Virtual Interview Training for Transition-Age Youth is a web-based job interview training that uses educational content and virtual hiring managers to help teach job interview skills. Eight support strategies for implementing the training are described. Strategies are prepare for implementation, ensure administrative support, prioritize training and support, address logistical challenges, integrate the program into the curriculum, take advantage of the administrative center, individualize student support, and offer virtual delivery.
Phonemic Awareness: Evidence-Based Instruction for Students in Need of Intervention
Authors: Rice Marianne , Erbeli Florina , Wijekumar Kausalai
Published: March 2023

Phonemic awareness is a key building block for later reading and spelling development. Students at risk for reading difficulties may have difficulties with phonemic awareness and need additional instruction or intervention to develop these skills. This column discusses evidence-based phonemic awareness instruction and the implementation of supplemental intervention using computer programs and parents for students at risk for reading difficulties.
Hemodynamic Variability During Drainage of Large Volumes of Malignant Ascites in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Kawamura Tomoko , Tanaka Noriyoshi , Hori Megumi , Inoue Ken-ichiro , Kawamura Masahiko , Matsusaki Keisuke
Published: March 2023

This study compared the variability in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during drainage of ascites in patients with cancer who underwent drainage of a large (5–10 L) or small (<5 L) volume of ascites. We prospectively enrolled 50 patients scheduled for cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy. Equivalence was considered to be established if the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the highest variability rate of MAP was within ±20%. The median volume of ascites removed was 3.30 L (95% CI [2.84, 4.40]) in the small-drainage-volume group ( n = 15) and 6.75 L (95% CI [6.40, 7.30]) in the large-drainage-volume group ( n = 34). The 95% CIs for the highest variability rates in MAP ranged from −19.60 to −6.23 and from −19.16 to −12.95 ( p = .594), respectively, indicating equivalence. These findings indicate that variability in MAP during drainage of ascites is not dependent on drainage volume.
Modeling a labyrinthine acoustic metamaterial through an inertia-augmented relaxed micromorphic approach
Authors: Voss Jendrik , Rizzi Gianluca , Neff Patrizio , Madeo Angela
Published: March 2023

We present an inertia-augmented relaxed micromorphic model that enriches the relaxed micromorphic model previously introduced by the authors via a term Curl [Formula: see text] in the kinetic energy density. This enriched model allows us to obtain a good overall fitting of the dispersion curves while introducing the new possibility of describing modes with negative group velocity that are known to trigger negative refraction effects. The inertia-augmented model also allows for more freedom on the values of the asymptotes corresponding to the cut-offs. In the previous version of the relaxed micromorphic model, the asymptote of one curve (pressure or shear) is always bounded by the cut-off of the following curve of the same type. This constraint does not hold anymore in the enhanced version of the model. While the obtained curves’ fitting is of good quality overall, a perfect quantitative agreement must still be reached for very small wavelengths that are close to the size of the unit cell.
Multiple perspectives of stakeholders towards young learners’ language assessment in an international school in Malaysia
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid , Hosseini Mona , Cortazzi Martin , Jin Lixian
Published: March 2023

The issue of assessment in Malaysian international schools has rarely been explored. This qualitative study focuses on the views of three groups of stakeholders regarding the English language assessment of young learners in one such school. Primary-age children, their parents, and their teachers were interviewed online in iterative sessions for their experiences and views on language assessment as it was practised in the school. Thematic analysis of the data revealed how the children suffered from test anxiety; they believed the exams were difficult; and the teachers were seen as strict examiners. The parents agreed that the exams were unfairly difficult; they complained about a lack of transparency and feedback, besides excessive test frequency. The teachers believed they assessed both formatively and summatively; however, administratively their formative assessment results formed no part in students’ final assessment reports. The assessment practices in this case, and likely more widely in Malaysia, need reconsideration and point to a broad paradox.
Heuristic structural optimization of two-dimensional filling materials with square-triangular supercells
Authors: Dragoni Eugenio
Published: March 2023

Cellular filling materials are commonplace in additively manufactured parts to lower the structural weight without detriment to the mechanical properties. This technical note undergoes the heuristic optimization of a two-dimensional metamaterial with repetitive supercells derived from a square frame divided by median and diagonal lines into eight triangles. The inherent quadriaxiality of this layout is ideally suited to resist multiaxial stress fields while enabling size refinement to match the local scale of the component. A step-by-step procedure is developed which optimizes the thickness of the beams along the principal axes of the cell (sidewise and diagonal) according to a fully stressed design concept. Preliminary finite element models, including either bar or beam elements, confirm the theoretical results for a case study. Extension of the optimal approach to three-dimensional geometries is envisioned using a cubic cell that incorporates the present two-dimensional grid on each face of the cube.
From flesh to food: Exploring consumers’ fluctuations in hysteresis
Authors: Steadman Chloe , Medway Dominic , de Jong Anna , Varley Pete
Published: March 2023

Bourdieu’s interrelated concepts of habitus and field have been deployed to theorise the unreflexive consumption practices characterising much of consumers’ everyday lives. Less is known, however, about the disruptive experience when habitus and field suddenly misalign – which Bourdieu terms ‘hysteresis’. We address this lacuna by studying smalahove (sheep’s head) consumption involving participant observation at a Norwegian smalahove farm – an unsettling space within the food consumption field that may challenge many consumers’ habitual ways of seeing, smelling, hearing, touching, and tasting meat. Our core contribution lies in introducing a dynamic conceptualisation of hysteresis, demonstrating how it fluctuates in consumption environments; intensifying and diminishing in intensity as the gaps between habitus and field open and close.
Behavioural Evidence, Yes; Normative Behaviourism, No
Authors: Dowding Keith
Published: March 2023

Floyd defends normative behaviourism against ‘mentalism’. His characterization of political philosophy as mentalism is uncharitable, and it is not clear that normative behaviourism provides greater evidence of convergence that we find in liberal political philosophy. To interpret behaviour, one must theorize the effects of institutions on that behaviour, it is therefore problematic to defend institutions on behavioural grounds alone without ‘mentalistic’ theory. Normative behaviourism uses a ‘contingent imperative’; however, this leaves the behaviour normatively undefended. A potential response by Floyd to these criticisms depends upon misinterpreting Cohen’s argument that fact-free principles underlie all policy recommendations. Floyd’s own recommendations require at least one fact-free principle in Cohen’s sense. Floyd is correct that behavioural evidence is important to political philosophy.
Biocompatible Polymer Nano-Constructs: A Potent Platform for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Kalita Himani , Patowary Manoj
Published: March 2023

Nano-constructs of biocompatible polymers have drawn wide attention owing to their potential as theranostics for simultaneous therapy and detection of cancer. The present mini review summarizes various nano-architectures of polymers that have been developed as theranostic agents for the simultaneous treatment and diagnosis of cancer in a single platform. Additionally, research prospects of polymeric cancer theranostics for the future have been highlighted.
A “Clear” Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis on Ultrasound Examination Does Not Predict Improved Outcomes When Compared With a “Borderline” Diagnosis
Authors: Vernick Robert C. , Fowler John R.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and ultrasound (US) remain imperfect compared with clinical diagnosis and/or diagnostic tools such as carpal tunnel syndrome-6 (CTS-6) for diagnosis of carpal tunne syndrome (CTS). One potential reason for the discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and testing is “borderline” case inclusion. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes after carpal tunnel release (CTR) between “borderline” and “clear” patients with CTS determined by NCS and US.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent CTR. We collected NCS and US measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) at the carpal tunnel inlet, and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores comprised of the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and the Functional Status Scale (FSS). Ultrasound measurements defined patients as having “borderline” (MNCSA < 13 mm2) or “clear” (MNCSA ≥ 13 mm2) CTS.

Results:

The study included 94 unilateral patients with CTS. “Borderline” CTS was diagnosed in 58 patients (62%), and “clear” CTS was diagnosed in 36 patients (38%). No significant differences in BCTQ scores were found between groups. At greater than 6-month follow-up, the mean FSS was 1.44 and 1.45 for clear and borderline groups, respectively ( P = .97) and the mean SSS was 1.47 and 1.51, respectively ( P = .84). However, a significant difference between groups when comparing distal motor latency (DML) and distal sensory latency (DSL) existed. The mean DSL was 3.71 and 4.44 for the clear and borderline groups, respectively ( P = .02). The mean DML was 4.59 and 5.36 ( P = .048).

Conclusion:

Categorizing CTS diagnosis into “borderline” and “clear” based on preoperative US and NCS testing did not correlate with BCTQ changes after CTR. It remains unclear whether the BCTQ is a valid postoperative assessment tool, despite its frequent use in literature.
Maternal vitamin D status and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an under diagnosed risk factor; A review
Authors: Tahir Hafsa , Munir Naveed , Iqbal Syeda Saira , Bacha Umar , Amir Saira , Umar Hassaan , Riaz Muhammad , Tahir Imtiaz Mahmood , Ali Shah Syed Muhammad , Shafiq Almina , Akram Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Vitamin D is important to mediate several brain processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission in early stages of life. Vitamin D deficiency during critical periods of development can lead to persistent brain alterations. Vitamin D homeostasis during pregnancy is affected by two factors which includes an increase in mother’s calcitriol levels and an increase in mother’s Vitamin D Binding protein concentrations. Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an outcome of a complicated interaction between genetic, environmental, and developmental traits, and genetic factors cover about 80% of the cases. The efficiency of the immune system can be altered by a deficiency of Vitamin D in maternal body and maternal stress during gestation such as perinatal depression. Studies have proved that during gestation if there is a deficiency of vitamin D in maternal body, it can influence the brain development of the fetus and can also alter the synthesis of the brain-derived neurotropic factor. The current manuscript has been compiled to elaborate different factors which are associated with ADHD particularly focusing on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency in mothers. References material was selected from NCBI (PUBMED), Science direct, Google scholar, Publons etc. Using the terms ADHD, Vitamin D and Maternal nutritional status. Although, controversial relationship was found between the deficiency of Vitamin D level in pregnant women and development of ADHD in children but more controlled trials are required for future direction as well as to rule out other associated causes.
Creating memory of COVID-19: The actions of museums and archives in Spain
Authors: Roigé Xavier , Canals Alejandra , Rico Marta
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is an historic event that has affected the entire world, but since it has been experienced differently in each country, locality and family, it will also be remembered in different ways. This article provides an analysis of the ways in which museums and archives have sought to document the pandemic in Spain to create memory discourses for the future. This includes an account of the subjects that have been documented, the exhibitions held, the online and in situ initiatives undertaken, and the nature of physical and virtual items collected. The museums and archival institutions have collected many documents, images and physical objects that will play an important role in the creation of memories about COVID-19 in the future.
Moving towards a critical perspective on automation: Theories of technology, labour, and capitalism
Authors: Fraser Emma
Published: March 2023

This commentary considers the complex theoretical discussion in dispositions towards automation, and considers future dialogues and directions the authors might take up. Specifically, the commentary engages with notions of labour, enchantment, and automation, and makes the case for further explorations of these conceptual domains.
Outcomes for active surveillance are similar for men with favourable risk ISUP-2 to those with ISUP-1 prostate cancer: A pair matched cohort study
Authors: Katelaris Athos , Amin Amer , Blazevski Alexandar , Scheltema Matthijs J , Cusick Thomas , Farraha Melad , Barreto Daniela , Haynes Anne Maree , Gondoputro William , Agrawal Shikha , Stricker Phillip , Thompson James
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To compare medium-term outcomes of active surveillance (AS) for men with favourable risk International Society for Urologic Pathology (ISUP)-2 prostate cancer (PCa) to a pair matched group of men with ISUP-1 PCa.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a single institution clinical outcomes registry, using propensity score matching. Men enrolled on AS with favourable risk ISUP-2 PCa with minimum 5-year follow-up were 1:2 propensity score matched to men with ISUP-1 disease. We assessed rates of progression to treatment, metastatic disease, adverse surgical pathology and overall survival.

Results:

Fifty-five ISUP-2 patients were matched to 105 ISUP-1 patients by propensity score. Median follow-up was 81 months (interquartile range (IQR), 61–109 months). Fifty-seven per cent in the ISUP-1 group progressed to treatment versus 58% in the ISUP-2 group (KM log rank p = 0.24). Estimated 1-, 2- and 5-year progression free survival rates were 93%, 60% and 33% for ISUP-1 patients and 94%, 63% and 16% for ISUP-2 patients, respectively. No patient from either group died of PCa. There was no statistical difference in rates of adverse pathology or metastatic disease between ISUP-2 and ISUP-1 patients on AS.

Conclusion:

AS for carefully selected men with favourable risk ISUP-2 disease appears safe, with similar oncologic outcomes to men with ISUP-1 disease.

Level of evidence:

Level 2b.
Comparative analysis of early post-operative outcomes between retzius-sparing and anterior approach robotic radical prostatectomy for a single surgeon
Authors: Tay Li June , Makin Robert , Saxionis Ioannis , Dokubo Ibi , Patel Keval , Sivathasan Sailantra , Smart Sonny , Warren Anne , Shah Nimish , Lamb Benjamin W
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to compare intraoperative and early post-operative outcomes between retzius-sparing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) versus standard approach for RARP (S-RARP).

Patients and methods:

All RARPs by a single surgeon were included and divided into two groups: (1) standard approach including combined anterior–posterior approach (S-RARP); (2) retzius-sparing posterior approach (RS-RARP). Allocation was based on prostate size and location of index lesion on MRI. Initial post-operative follow-up was at 6 weeks.

Results:

Overall, 169 RARPs were performed between March 2018 and October 2021: S-RARP = 99 versus RS-RARP = 70. There was no significant difference in pre-operative body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group and clinical T stage. Intraoperative differences were found in blood loss (300 versus 200 mL, p = 0.008), console time (180 versus 135 minutes, p < 0.001) favouring RS-RARP, with no differences in nerve-spare or lymph node dissection. Post-operatively, no difference was found in ISUP grade, pathological T stage, positive surgical margins, number of lymph nodes sampled, readmissions or complications. Gland size in the RS group was smaller (38 versus 29 g, p = 0.001). Early (6 weeks) post-op follow-up showed a significant difference between groups for both pad-free continence (35% versus 53%, p = 0.011) and social continence (79% versus 89%, p = 0.024), but no difference for erectile function recovery (27% versus 50% of baseline) and post-op PSA levels < 0.1 ng/mL (85% versus 93%).

Conclusion:

Even early in the learning curve, continence recovery, operative time and blood loss were significantly better for RS-RARP than S-RARP. Margin status and PSA levels are comparable to published literature for both groups. Standardised training in RS-RARP might help to improve the uptake of this novel technique.

Level of evidence:

2.
Network analysis of internet gaming disorder, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, psychological distress, and meaning in life among adolescents
Authors: Li Yumei , Mu Wenlong , Xie Xuying , Kwok Sylvia Y.C.L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Few studies have examined the connections between psychological distress, meaning in life, internet gaming disorder (IGD), problematic smartphone use (PSU), and problematic social media use (PSMU).

Methods

The central and bridging nodes of IGD, PSMU, and PSU symptoms were investigated using network analysis in China among 742 adolescents ( Mage = 15.39, SD = 1.68, range = 12–19; 53.23% female). The relationships between IGD, PSMU, and PSU and associated factors were investigated using a Directed Acyclic Graphs method.

Results

The results suggested that the central symptoms were withdrawal in IGD, mood modification in PSU, and tolerance in PSMU. Mood modification in IGD, mood modification in PSU, withdrawal in PSMU, and functional impairment in PSMU were the bridge symptoms. Males were more likely to experience symptoms of IGD than females, while females were more likely to need meaning than males. Stress is the root factor, while depression, meaning confusion, meaning anxiety, and meaning avoidance were closely associated with IGD, PSMU, and PSU.

Conclusions

The current research improved the understanding of IGD, PSMU, and PSU symptoms in teenagers and demonstrated the potential of dynamic systems perspectives on problematic use behaviors and stress/meaning-focused interventions.
Applicable of teledentistry and digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic among dentists in Fiji: A qualitative study
Authors: Kajal Kartika , Mohammadnezhad Masoud
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This research aims to explore the perception of dental officers (DOs) and dental managers (DMs) on the use of teledentistry and digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted among 30 DOs and 17 DMs. The study was conducted in private dental clinics, government dental clinics and the School of Dentistry and Oral Health clinic (SDOH), in the Central Division, Fiji that were selected randomly. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through in-depth interviews via zoom using a self-developed semi-structure open-ended interview questionnaire. Manual thematic analysis of the data was conducted.

Results

Five themes emerged from data analysis: utilization of teledentistry and media during the pandemic, usefulness of teledentistry, confidence with teledentistry and digital platforms-associated risks, digital platforms for record keeping, and teledentistry promotion and training. Teledentistry was mostly utilized by private practitioners and the oral surgery department. Practitioners were not in favour of teledentistry as they thought it was putting them at risk.

Conclusion

Majority of DOs and DMs were not utilizing teledentistry except for a few private dental practitioners and the oral surgery department. Future research can be conducted in other divisions and include other healthcare professionals.
A Cross-Country Examination of Internet Penetration and the Economic Participation of Women: The Influence of Social Capital and Gender Equality
Authors: Shah Christina Sanchita , Ahangama Supunmali
Published: March 2023

One of the most widespread types of digital technology is the Internet which more than 5 billion people or 63.1% of the world’s population use as of April 2022. Previous studies have established that the relationship between digital technologies, such as the Internet, and labour market participation is worth investigating. While it is widely accepted that digital technologies help in women’s social and economic inclusion, the female labour participation force observed across countries remains slow and varied. There remains a limited investigation into the influence of internet penetration on the changes in the labour market outcomes for women. There is also scope for research on how the Internet affects women’s economic participation from a social and gender perspective. Prior research shows that social capital has been linked to labour allocation. Studies also show that variations in ideas on gender roles are significant for women’s decisions to find employment. We, therefore, investigate how widespread penetration of the Internet has influenced the economic participation of women in this study. We also investigate how social capital and gender equality play a role in the above relationship across countries. Our study uses archival data to conduct a panel analysis of 66 countries from 2014 to 2021. The study’s results show that the penetration of internet and the economic participation of women are positively associated. This study also found that the link between the penetration of internet and the economic participation of women is mediated by social capital. Gender equality was also found to moderate the above relationship, such that social capital had a stronger mediation influence on the association between internet penetration and women’s economic engagement in nations with comparatively lower levels of gender equality.
“I Went There”: How Parent Experience Shapes School Decisions
Authors: Rhodes Anna , Szabo Julia , Warkentien Siri
Published: March 2023

As school choice expands, families face an increasingly arduous decision-making process around school enrollment. Through interviews with a socioeconomically and ethno-racially diverse sample of 60 parents in Dallas, Texas, we illustrate one key way families negotiate this choice landscape. We find that many parents use their own educational experiences as first-stage decision rules for narrowing the types of schools they consider for their children through experience-motivated replication and experience-motivated avoidance. Parents with positive schooling experiences sought to replicate the type of school they attended for their children, while parents with negative schooling experiences aimed to avoid the type of school they attended. While experience-motivated replication was used by parents across race and class positions, it was most common among White parents who often entrenched patterns of white flight through replication of private or suburban school enrollment. In contrast, experience-motivated avoidance was used by Black parents in our sample as a strategy to disrupt educational inequality for their children by eliminating traditional public schools, where parents reported feeling underserved as children, from their choice sets. This study adds to our understanding of how families negotiate the increasingly complex school choice landscape, and mechanisms for the persistence of intergenerational educational inequality.
Co-creation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Older People Living with Frailty Receiving Acute Care (PROM-OPAC)
Authors: van Oppen James D. , Coats Timothy J. , Conroy Simon P. , Lalseta Jagruti , Richardson Vivien , Riley Peter , Valderas Jose M. , Mackintosh Nicola
Published: March 2023

Older people living with frailty emphasize autonomy and function as acute healthcare outcome goals. Existing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) measure function but do not comprehensively address autonomy. This initial development of a novel autonomy outcome measure used co-creation and cognitive interviews, working toward a PROM for Older People living with frailty receiving Acute Care (“PROM-OPAC”). Novel item question stems and responses considering autonomy were devised with lay research partners. Items were examined for content by lay volunteers, and then selected based on relevance, completeness, and accessibility. Retained items were cognitively tested with patient participants. Item selection considered content validity and feasibility and was undertaken collaboratively with lay research partners. The study involved 3 lay research partners and 4 further lay collaborators throughout all stages, and 14 patient participants were recruited for the cognitive interviews. Twenty-two novel items were appraised. Seven were selected for retention. This preliminary PROM-OPAC comprised 7 items to measure autonomy and was intended for administration alongside a function measure to capture meaningful acute healthcare outcomes. Development will continue with quantitative testing and validation.
Articulating Dalit Autobiographical Narratives in Social Work Education: Ideological Imperatives for Anti-Caste and Ubuntu Practice
Authors: Maske Sudhir
Published: March 2023

Dalit and subaltern literature have gained colossal space in the global academic community. This literature is prominently studied, analyzed and used in literary, cultural or linguistic studies in national and international universities. The use of literary texts such as autobiographical narratives in social work teaching, research and practice is a less researched area. In this article, the author has highlighted the importance of Dalit autobiographies and how they could be used as an indigenous knowledge source in social work teaching and practice to strengthen anti-caste/anti-oppressive perspectives among social work educators, students and practitioners. This emancipatory framework could also help to address the structural as well as micro-macro level issues to ensure the realization of social justice and human rights as a foundation and core principles of the social work profession.
The Effect of Hypertension and Diabetes on Ophthalmic Artery Hemodynamics
Authors: Fatima Hamnah , Asad Naveed , Madina Syeda Rabi , Malik Sajid Shaheen , Hanif Asif
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Hypertensive and diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing ocular complications. Color and spectral Doppler, as a noninvasive technique, can be used to monitor and access the ophthalmic artery (OA) and its hemodynamic characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamics of OA in diabetes and hypertension.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Lahore sonography clinic. The patients were investigated using Toshiba Xario with 5 to 7.5 MHz linear transducer and the scanning was completed with closed eyelids. Those included in the study were hypertensive and diabetic patients. Exclusions were made based on a patient’s history of eye surgeries, trauma, inflammation, glaucoma, cataract, and pregnancy.

Results:

There were 200 patients recruited and of which, 41 were hypertensive and diabetic, whereas 159 were normal subjects. In this cohort, 41 patients (20%) were positive for hypertension and diabetes. There were 159 patients (79%) were negative for diabetes and hypertension. The resistive index (RI) of right OA was 0.783 ± 0.114 with 0.029. When considering the OA hemodynamics recorded, the pulsatility index (PI), the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, RI, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly correlated among those with hypertension and diabetes. In the normal subjects, all hemodynamic measurements were seen as normal, when compared to those with hypertension and diabetic.

Conclusion:

This cohort study may suggest that there is a pathological increase in vascular resistance, PI, S/D ratio, and decreased blood flow velocities, in ophthalmic artery, for those hypertensive and diabetic patients.
Improved outcomes for relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous transplantation in the era of novel agents
Authors: Spinner Michael A , Sica R. Alejandro , Tamaresis John S , Lu Ying , Chang Cheryl , Lowsky Robert , Frank Matthew J. , Johnston Laura J , Miklos David B , Muffly Lori , Negrin Robert S. , Rezvani Andrew R. , Shiraz Parveen , Shizuru Judith A. , Weng Wen-Kai , Binkley Michael S. , Hoppe Richard T. , Advani Ranjana H , Arai Sally
Published: March 2023

The treatment landscape of relapsed/refractory (R/R) classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has evolved significantly over the past decade following the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. We evaluated how outcomes and practice patterns have changed for R/R cHL patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) at our institution from 2011-2020 (N=183) compared to 2001-2010 (N=159) and evaluated prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in both eras. OS was superior in the modern era (4-year estimates 89.1% vs 79.0%, HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.85, p=0.011) with a trend towards lower non-relapse mortality beyond 2 years post-transplant. Among patients who progressed after AHCT, 4-year post-progression survival increased from 43.3% to 71.4% in the modern era, reflecting increasing use of BV and the PD-1 inhibitors. In multivariable analysis for patients transplanted in the modern era, age ³45 years, primary refractory disease, and lack of complete remission pre-AHCT were associated with inferior PFS, while receipt of a PD-1 inhibitor-based regimen pre-AHCT was associated with superior PFS (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.80, p=0.030). Extranodal disease at relapse was associated with inferior OS (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.25-7.77, p=0.014). Our study demonstrates improved survival for R/R cHL after AHCT in the modern era attributed to more effective salvage regimens allowing for better disease control pre-AHCT and improved outcomes for patients who progressed after AHCT. Excellent outcomes were observed with PD-1 inhibitor-based salvage regimens pre-AHCT and support a randomized trial evaluating immunotherapy in the second line setting.
HLH-like toxicities predict poor survival after the use of tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-ALL
Authors: McNerney Kevin O. , Si Lim Stephanie J. , Ishikawa Kyle , Dreyzin Alexandra , Vatsayan Anant , Chen John J. , Baggott Christina , Prabhu Snehit , Pacenta Holly L. , Philips Christine , Rossoff Jenna , Stefanski Heather E. , Talano Julie-An , Moskop Amy , Verneris Michael , Myers Doug , Karras Nicole A. , Brown Patrick , Bonifant Challice L. , Qayed Muna , Hermiston Michelle , Satwani Prakash , Krupski Christa , Keating Amy K. , Baumeister Susanne H. C. , Fabrizio Vanessa A. , Chinnabhandar Vasant , Egeler Emily , Mavroukakis Sharon , Curran Kevin J. , Mackall Crystal L. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Schultz Liora M.
Published: March 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor–associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)–like toxicities (LTs) involving hyperferritinemia, multiorgan dysfunction, coagulopathy, and/or hemophagocytosis are described as occurring in a subset of patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Case series report poor outcomes for those with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who develop HLH-LTs, although larger outcomes analyses of children and young adults (CAYAs) with B-ALL who develop these toxicities after the administration of commercially available tisagenlecleucel are not described. Using a multi-institutional database of 185 CAYAs with B-ALL, we conducted a retrospective cohort study including groups that developed HLH-LTs, high-grade (HG) CRS without HLH-LTs, or no to low-grade (NLG) CRS without HLH-LTs. Primary objectives included characterizing the incidence, outcomes, and preinfusion factors associated with HLH-LTs. Among 185 CAYAs infused with tisagenlecleucel, 26 (14.1%) met the criteria for HLH-LTs. One-year overall survival and relapse-free survival were 25.7% and 4.7%, respectively, in those with HLH-LTs compared with 80.1% and 57.6%, respectively, in those without. In multivariable analysis for death, meeting criteria for HLH-LTs carried a hazard ratio of 4.61 (95% confidence interval, 2.41-8.83), controlling for disease burden, age, and sex. Patients who developed HLH-LTs had higher pretisagenlecleucel disease burden, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels and lower platelet and absolute neutrophil counts than patients with HG- or NLG-CRS without HLH-LTs. Overall, CAYAs with B-ALL who developed HLH-LTs after tisagenlecleucel experienced high rates of relapse and nonrelapse mortality, indicating the urgent need for further investigations into prevention and optimal management of patients who develop HLH-LTs after tisagenlecleucel.