bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Application of Speech Database based on Emotional Feature Extraction in International Chinese Education and Teaching
Authors: Zhang Xiangli
Published: January 2024

The advanced analysis of the relationship between acoustic and emotional characteristics of speech signals can effectively improve the interactivity and intelligence of computers. Given the current status of speech recognition and the problems encountered in international Chinese education, the study proposes to extract emotional characteristics to achieve speech construction of the database. Based on considering the emotional characteristics of speech, a hybrid algorithm based on spectral sequence context features is proposed. The DBN-BP algorithm is used to process emotional data of different dimensions, and a speech database is constructed. After testing and analyzing the algorithm model, it is found that the dynamic recognition accuracy of the DBN-BP model fused with emotional features is over 90%, and the negative emotion recognition rates in the three databases are all above 60%. At the same time, the accuracy rate of the model in the algorithm comparison experiment remains above 85%, the data information extraction is relatively complete, and the average test time of less than 1s is less than 3%. The speech database based on multi-emotional feature extraction can effectively provide a new reference for the improvement of the quality of Chinese international education and the improvement of the speech recognition system.
Research on the Evaluation Model of Students' Foreign Language Learning Situation based on Oriented Online Teaching Collaboration Platform
Authors: He Fei
Published: January 2024

Internet + Education makes online teaching gradually penetrate the education industry, and makes the industry enter a great revolution based on information technology. The traditional student learning evaluation system cannot satisfy the actual demand of current learning evaluation. This paper constructs an evaluation model for the foreign language learning of online students. Firstly, the DBSCAN algorithm with distance optimization is used to conduct cluster analysis on the description indicators of student behavior, and the student groups with different behavior characteristics are obtained. Then the ANOVA F-test was used to extract the features of different student groups. Finally, a novel N-Adaboost algorithm based on multiple classifiers is proposed and a model is constructed to evaluate students’ foreign language learning. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the evaluation model is 74.02% in the pass and fail groups and 73.74% in the excellent and non-excellent groups. Students’ listening, speaking, and reading abilities are in a state of upward development overall through the online teaching collaboration platform, but their writing ability is obviously declining. There is a great improvement in foreign language vocabulary. This study provides a new perspective of thinking for the improvement of the quality of school teaching management, the analysis of students’ behavior, and the evaluation of learning situations, and provides a new solution for the problem of students’ learning situations in modern information teaching.
The Status of B Vitamin in Saudi Adults: A Review
Authors: Aljaadi Abeer M. , Alsunaid Fahdah F. , Abdulrahim Maha , Almehmadi Najlaa H. , Alzaben Abeer Salman
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective: B vitamins are essential for maintaining several body functions. Assessing micronutrient status in a population is crucial for evaluating the individual or the population’s levels of nutrient sufficiency, deficiency, or toxicity; examining the relationship between a nutrient’s status and adverse health outcomes; and determining nutrient needs to establish reference values. There is lack of periodical national surveys in Saudi Arabia that assess the status of the B vitamins. Therefore, this review summarizes and critique the literature of B vitamin status in Saudi adults age of ≥18 years. Methods and Study Design: Databases (PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between January 1980 to December 2022 using combinations of the terms “Saudi Arabia”, “status”, “level” along with all the corresponding vitamin B keywords and metabolites. Results: Forty three studies were obtained. Only 28 studies were included to the current review. Several studies conducted in Saudi adults measured folate and vitamin B12 status. Fewer studies assessed thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine status. No relevant studies were found on the status of niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Studies on thiamin status have not reported rates of deficiency except for one study reporting a prevalence of 3%. Conflicting findings were observed for riboflavin status, but the most recent evidence suggests a prevalence of 36.9% deficiency among Saudi adults. Folate deficiency appears to be low, whereas vitamin B12 might be of concern among Saudi adults. Conclusions: There were discrepancies in the results of some vitamin status in Saudi adults mainly attributed to differences in biomarkers used, methodologies, regional differences, and/or age group/population.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Nutritional Characteristics of Cashew Kernels (Anacardium occidentale L.) from Three Localities in Burkina Faso
Authors: Semporé Judith Nomwendé , Bougma Sanogo , Oboulbiga Edwige Bahanla , Kagambega Windmi , Dicko Mamoudou Hama , Songré-Ouattara Laurencia Toulsoumdé
Published: January 2024

Cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale L.) have enormous nutritional and health potential. However, its consumption, mainly in roasted or fried form, is low compared with other agricultural products. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat treatments on the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of cashew kernels from three localities in Burkina Faso. Sample collections were carried out randomly from markets in Banfora, Bobo-Dioulasso and Gaoua. Physicochemical and nutritional analyses were carried out using standard methods and statistical analyses by using XLstat 2016 software. The results showed that almonds from Gaoua had the highest nutritional potential, with an average energy value of 554.93 kcal/100g. As for the effect of the treatments on the almonds, water, protein and fat contents decreased during heat treatment, with reduction rates ranging from 64.37% to 74.46% for water content, from 29.09% to 46.50% for protein content and from 1.69% to 13.99% for fat content. Carbohydrate content, on the other hand, increased from 12.25% to 33.76%. Overall, this study showed that the heat treatments applied to cashew kernels resulted in a slight decrease in water, protein and fat content. However, an increase in carbohydrate content was obtained. This increase in carbohydrate content is an excellent discovery for the use of this resource in the dietary balance much appreciated by local populations.
Innovation of Local Food of Banten-Palm-Sugar-Soybean-Extract Powder as a Nutritious Sweetener and Drink
Authors: Maryani Yeyen , Kosimaningrum Widya Ernayati , Herayati Herayati , Rifqiawati Ika , Buhari Ahmad , Rochmat Agus , Fadhilah Hani Nurul , Farhan Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Palm sugar is one of the potential commodities in Banten Province, Indonesia. The palm sugar-based innovations are needed to increase the palm sugar market. One of the innovations proposed in this research was the production of palm sugar-soybean extract which can be used as a powdered drink or sweetener in a practical form. This research aimed to study the effect of the palm sugar to soybean extract ratio on the hedonic test responses and nutritional value. Palm sugar solution and soybean extract were mixed in various ratios namely 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 on a volume basis. The solution mixture was heated to evaporate all water and form a palm sugar-soybean extract crystal. The crystal was then crushed and sieved into an 80-mesh powder. The ratio of 70:30 resulted in the best product composition which obtained “like very much” responses and contained the best nutritional value namely 91.15 % of total sugar, 4.66 % of protein, and 1.12 % of fat. The products also contained antioxidants and essential elements.
Increase of Anthocyanin, Vitamin C, and Flavonoid Content in Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using Alternating Magnetic Field Exposure
Authors: Tirono Mokhamad , Mulyono Agus
Published: January 2024

Red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is widely consumed for its health benefits. With the a growing global population and limited land resources, there is a need to increase the nutritional content and bioactive compounds of vegetables or fruits. This research aims to increase the growth, productivity, and the content of anthocyanin, vitamin C and flavonoids in red lettuce leaves through exposure to magnetic fields during seeding. The research utilized red lettuce seeds as the research sample. Exposure was carried out using an alternating magnetic field (MF) with an effective magnetic flux density (MFD) of 0.4 mT, a frequency range of 25-125 Hz, and a dailyexposure time of 15 minutes. The treatment of each sample group was repeated for five days. The results showed that exposure to a MF with a frequency of 75 Hz resulted in optimum growth and weight, an increase of 65.15% and 60.18%, respectively. The optimum anthocyanin, vitamin C, and flavonoid content were obtained at an exposure to a frequency of 100 Hz, an increase of 22.52%, 40.70%, and 32.50%, respectively. Exposure to seeds uses an alternating MF; frequency is an important parameter for producing optimum enhancement.
Investigating the Behaviour and Practices of Household Food Waste Disposal of Consumers in the KwaDukuza Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Pal Imana , Naicker Ashika , Grobbelaar Heleen
Published: January 2024

Food waste poses a threat to both food security as well as the long-term sustainability of a country’s food system. In South Africa, the expense of post-consumer food waste (mostly from households) is estimated at roughly US$2.7 billion annually, or 0.7% of South Africa's annual GDP. It is unfortunate that so much food is wasted in a country where 26% of people regularly experience hunger and another 28.3% are at risk of becoming hungry at a household level. This study aimed to investigate household food waste practices and behaviours in the KwaDukuza community using a consumer survey. The survey was conducted on 190 households which were randomly selected in KwaDukuza municipality and administered with the structured questionnaire. The study's findings showed that 75% of the households reported doing weekly food shopping, and 87.4 % said they shopped primarily at supermarkets. Bread accounted for the largest share of food waste (28.9%), followed by vegetables and salads (24.7%), and in general, consumers experienced difficulty in making sense of expiry dates. However, many households (67.9%) acknowledged feeling guilty about food waste, and many more (34.2%) said they would waste less if they were informed about the adverse effects of food waste on the environment and economy. The comprehensive information gathered from the food waste survey would contribute to a better understanding of consumers' behaviour and practices regarding the disposal of household food waste, allowing for the development of appropriate food literacy tools to reduce household food waste.
Physicochemical Characterization and Functional Properties of Fruit Dietary Fibers
Authors: John Irene Princess , Gurumurthy Kalaichelvan
Published: January 2024

Dietary Fiber, also known as roughage, is an indigestible part of plant food that escapes digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing gut health by establishing a healthy gut microbiota, reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Vegetables, fruits, nuts and cereals are rich sources of dietary fiber. In the food industry, dietary fibers are being incorporated as functional foods for improving consistency, texture and sensory characteristics. Changes in physiological and functional properties of dietary fibers determine both the beneficial and adverse effects on the gut ecosystem. This study attempts to estimate the physiological and functional characteristics pertaining to dietary fibers derived from the residuals of some commonly consumed fruits like coconut, guava, jackfruit, and watermelon. Along with the proximate analysis and functional properties of these selected fruit fibers, size distribution, zeta potential, texture and SEM analysis were determined. Based on the proximate analysis, watermelon fibers were found to have high ash and protein content. Assay of zeta potential confirmed that the fibers were negatively charged. The textural studies showed that watermelon fibers were more resilient and coconut fibers exhibited hardness and adhesiveness than the other fibers. The physiological and functional studies determine the characteristic property of fruit fibers, whereas the texture and SEM analysis reveal the morphological characteristics of fruit fibers.
Countdown to The 2030 Global Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends on SDG 2 - Zero Hunger
Authors: Otekunrin Olutosin Ademola
Published: January 2024

As we approach the deadline for achieving the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is less than a decade away, it is crucial for researchers and research institutions at both national and international levels to conduct rigorous scientific assessments of the progress made towards these goals. The assessment is of utmost importance as it will provide valuable insights and information to political leaders and other stakeholders, guiding their actions and efforts towards successfully attaining the SDGs by the year 2030. This study aimed at providing vivid descriptions of the SDG 2 – zero hunger-related research endeavour. It employed bibliometric analysis and geographical patterns of SDG 2-related publications extracted from Scopus database from 2015 to 2023. A total of 397 documents were extracted where Sustainability journal ranked 1st among the journal outlets of zero hunger-related publications. The publication of zero hunger-related documents grew from 1.5% in 2016 to 29.7% in 2022. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the top 2 institutions publishing zero hunger-related documents while the lead article was published by Journal of Cleaner Production with 128 citations. The funding sponsors of SDG 2-related publications were dominated by sponsors from developed countries (such as China, Belgium, United States, and United Kingdom) while no funding sponsors from developing countries were among the top 10. The United States and United Kingdom were the two most productive countries while only one African country (South Africa) made the list of top 10 countries publishing zero hunger-related documents. This study provided political leaders and key stakeholders with in-depth understanding of the SDG 2-related research activities and highlighted research funding and collaboration gaps facing the developing nations.
Measuring Household Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Economic Crisis in Pakistan
Authors:   Economics Department, Government Girls Degree College, Nawabshah (Sindh), Pakistan, Sheikh Qurra-tul-ain Ali , Meraj Muhammad ,   Faculty of Social and Basic Sciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan, Solangi Altaf Hussain ,   Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: January 2024

During 2020-21, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent worldwide lockdown generally changed the lives of households. This study examines how Pakistani households behaved and what kinds of coping strategies they used during the extended economic crisis in Pakistan following the advent of the virus. This study uses the protracted theory of planned behavior to estimate and elucidate individual behavior through behavioral commitments. Pakistan government survey data collected from 6,000 households was analyzed with a count data model (Poisson regression) to understand different coping strategies. The results show that approximately 28.5 percent of households did not observe any economic effects of COVID-19 on their general wellbeing. However, 27.7 percent of households reported mild shock, and 22.5, 17.4, and 3.9 percent said they faced either moderate, high, or severe economic influence from COVID-19 lockdowns, respectively. The study tried to explore the link between economic crisis, wellbeing and coping strategies. The study also considers how to maintain incomes, access to food, livelihoods, and re-establishing businesses after a future pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Economic shock, Lockdown, Coping strategies, Pakistan.
The Emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Impact on International Trade
Authors:   School of Law, Zhengzhou University, China, Khan Asif
Published: January 2024

Trade as we know it will change. This is because the fourth industrial revolution—a period of rapid digital technological advancement—is beginning to impact the world. Coined in Germany as Industry 4.0, despite its name, this revolution is a process of emerging technologies established on older ones. Industry 4.0 represents the fusion of primarily digital developing technologies. This article examines the effects of Industry 4.0 and its revolutionary changes on the volume and nature of global trade, and identifies its quantitative, structural, and comparative impacts on countries and corporations using qualitative methods.. Implementing the core developments of Industry 4.0 will significantly change international trade volume and structure. There will be a significant shift toward services. The goods to gain prominence due to digitalization will mainly be those with high transportation, logistics, data, legislation, and transaction costs. Applying new technologies will also significantly alter the terms of trade. Keywords: Industrial revolution 4.0, International trade, Digital technology
The Influence of Aesthetics and Apparent Usability on Jewelry Design Preference
Authors:   School of Design, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Sah Rakesh , Chowdhury Anirban ,   School of Design, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Published: January 2024

Over the last two decades scholars have studied the relationship between product usability and consumer purchase intentions. It has been established that perceived usability is valuable for predicting intentions to purchase water bottles, kitchen appliances, smart devices, etc., but there has been little research on the role of usability in jewelry purchase decisions. Product aesthetics is also an important factor in consumers’ purchasing decisions; aesthetics creates attraction, evokes emotions and satisfaction in shoppers. This article aims to investigate the role of aesthetics and usability in jewelry purchasing decisions in India. A survey of 194 potential jewelry customers was undertaken, with respondents asked for their opinions on six product concepts for handmade glass pendants. Our results show that aesthetics, usability and willingness to purchase handmade glass pendants are strongly and significantly related to each other. When correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed on the survey data, it was found that both usability and aesthetics positively influence purchase intention. This study finds that aesthetics and apparent usability are both valuable predictors for purchase intention of glass pendants. Keywords: Aesthetics, Craft, Design, Apparent usability, Craft cluster
Development of a Palm Kernel-Based Emulgel Loaded with Mitracarpus scarber Leaf Extracts for Effective Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, Yahaya Zwanden Sule
Published: January 2024

Mitracarpus scaber is a tropical herb used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of inflammation and a variety of other diseases. The aim of this study was to develop a palm kernel-based emulgel containing Mitracarpus scarber and examine the product's physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory efficacy on Wister rats. Different batches of emulgel comprising Mitracarpus scarber leaf extracts (MSE), different proportions of oils (palm kernel oil and/or liquid paraffin), and surfactants (tween-80 and/or Cremophor EL-30) were prepared. The freshly prepared and 5-month-old formulations, stored at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C), were evaluated for rheology, syneresis, and extract/excipient compatibility using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spreadability, extrudability, and anti-inflammatory activity of the optimal formulation were compared with those of a commercial anti-inflammatory emulgel. Even after five months of storage, the created emulgels remained olive green and creamy, with a homogeneous texture, consistency, and glossy appearance. The optimized batch containing palm kernel oil, tween-80, and xanthan gum had the most stable characteristics, with no significant change in pH (P = 1.000) or FT-IR spectrum after 5 months of storage. It exhibited spreadability and extrudability of 12.75 cm2 and 600 g/cm2, respectively, compared to 16.82 cm2 and 400 g/cm2 for the commercial formulation. Four hours post-treatment, the anti-inflammatory effect of the optimized batch was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the aqueous MSE dispersion. The obtained results demonstrate the prospects of palm kernel-based emulgel loaded with Mitracarpus scarber leaf extracts as an innovative therapeutic approach to inflammation treatment. Keywords: Inflammation, Emulgel, Mitracarpus scarber, Palm kernel oil, Formulation
Ultrasonication on Collagen Yield, Physiochemical and Structural Properties from Seabass (Lates Calcarifer) Scales as Affected by Pretreatment and Extraction Conditions
Authors:   School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Bavisetty Sri Charan Bindu , Karnjanapratum Supatra ,   Division of Marine Product Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Dave Jaydeep ,   School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Purba Daniel Tua Purba ,   School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Kudre Tanaji ,   Department of Meat and Marine Sciences, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India, Maser Wahyu Haryati ,   Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia, Maiyah Nur ,   School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Kingwascharapong Passakorn ,   Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Moula Ali Ali Muhammed ,   School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Published: January 2024

This research explored the use of ultrasound as a pretreatment and extraction assisted process for extraction of collagen from seabass scales. Both acid-soluble (AC) and pepsin-soluble collagens (PC) were extracted with ultrasonication at different extraction times (24 and 48 h). Ultrasound pretreatment (PU) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) notably improved AC extraction yields over 48 hours, registering 2.12% and 4.62%, respectively. The highest yield for PC, 21.85%, was achieved with 48 hours of ultrasound assisted extraction. Protein analysis verified the extracted collagens as type I, indicated by the presence of specific α and β chains. Further, FTIR spectra confirmed collagen's presence in all samples through distinct amide band peaks. Interestingly, ultrasound processes marginally reduced AC's thermal stability while boosting PC's thermal stability, especially when combined with pepsin treatment. Moreover, CD spectroscopy showed the preserved native structure of collagen across all samples. The ultrasound method increased collagen extraction yields and retained its structural integrity. These outcomes are pivotal for advancing collagen extraction methods in the biomedical and food sectors. Keywords: Seabass scales, Collagen, Ultrasonication, Molecular characterization, Physicochemical properties
Multi-Modal Medical Image Denoising using Wavelets: A Comparative Study
Authors: Patil* Rajesh , Bhosale Surendra
Published: January 2024

In medical image processing Noise removal is an important step for recreating a high-quality image like X-ray, ultrasound, MRI etc. While acquiring, transmitting, and retrieving from storage devices normally images are degraded due to noises like Gaussian, Speckle etc. So, noise must be removed from the images for proper diagnosis. Researchers are still looking for an effective noise reduction means. Wavelet Transform (WT) is considered as a powerful transform method for removal of noise. For denoising of medical images affected by Gaussian noise, various wavelets have been proposed. In this paper, various wavelets are used to study the denoising multi-modal medical images affected by Gaussian noise. Here, proposed wavelet gives better results than the wavelets which have been implemented so far now. Denoising results of medical images are compared on the basis of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR), Peak Signal-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and execution time (TE).
Expression of microRNAs ‘let-7d and miR-195’ and Apoptotic Genes ‘BCL2 and Caspase-3’ as Potential Biomarkers of Female Breast Carcinogenesis
Authors: Ibrahim Basma A. , Hegazy Abdelmonem Awad , Gobran Mai Ahmed , Zaitoun Mohamed Abdallah , Elmigdadi Fayig , El-Gindy Gehane A. , Alashkar Elsayed M. , Omar Walaa E.
Published: January 2024

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Let-7d and microRNA-195 (miR-195) are members of microRNAs that are known tumor suppressors and are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, invasion, and other cellular functions. However, the roles of these microRNAs in BC progression remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the expression of let-7d and miR-195 and apoptosis-related genes (ARGs) “B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and caspase-3 (CASP3)” as potential biomarkers of breast carcinogenesis. Methods: It was a retrospective case-control study in which expression of let-7d, miR-195, CASP3, and BCL2 was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to determine expression of BCL2 and CASP3 in BC tissue versus normal breast tissue (NT) samples. Results: The expression of let-7d and miR-195 was significantly reduced within BC tissues compared to NT (P: < 0.0001); and there was a statically positive correlation between them (r=0.314, P: 0.005). They have also been correlated to biomarkers’ expression of genes related to apoptosis. There was a statistically significant positive association between CASP3, and both let-7d, and miR-195 relative gene expression (r=0.713, P: <0.0001 and r=0.236, P: 0.03, respectively). In contrast, there was a statistically significant negative association between the relative gene expression of BCL2, with let-7d, and miR-195 (r=-0.221, P: 0.04 and r=-0.311, P: 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Let-7d and miR-195 have been suggested to be involved in BC through modulation of the ARGs including BCL2 and CASP3. The qRT-PCR and IHC studies demonstrated that decreased expression of let-7d and miR-195 prohibits apoptosis via downregulating CASP3 and increasing BCL2 expressions promoting BC progression. These results also hypothesize that let-7d and miR-195 along with apoptotic biomarkers (BCL2 and CASP3) can be used in the future to introduce novel, non-invasive molecular biomarkers for BC into clinical practice.
Fusion of Features: A Technique to Improve Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Brain MRI Images
Authors: Dhamale Triveni D. , Bhandari Sheetal U. , Harpale Varsha K.
Published: January 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a major incident neurological disorder. Medical practitioners use different diagnostic techniques such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis, and traditional Behavioral Analysis for ASD detection. However, diagnosis success largely depends on specialists' knowledge and remains seldom accessible to remote patients. To address this issue, recently, various machine learning (ML) approaches have been developed for ASD detection using brain MRI images. The performance of these approaches is often limited because of poor feature discrimination, inferior quality of features, high feature length, and poor correlation of features. Thus, there is a need for robust feature extraction and selection techniques to improve the performance of ASD detection. The proposed work demonstrates a fusion of three features, namely Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based holistic texture features, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) based local texture features, and Geometrical Features of the Corpus Callosum (GFCC) from brain MRI images. Further, a correlation-based feature selection technique is employed for the salient feature selection from the GLCM, LBP, and GFCC set to improve the feature quality. The effectiveness of the selected feature is evaluated using three ML classifiers such as K-Nearest neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Classification Tree (CT). The proposed ASD detection scheme provides an accuracy of 95.86% with 10-fold cross-validation with a CT classifier. It is observed that the accuracy of the proposed system is improved by 11.32% over the recent GLCM-based ASD system. The correlation-based feature selection techniques minimize the recognition time by 34.95% over the ASD system without feature selection.
Cemented femoral stem design and postoperative periprosthetic fracture risk following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jain Sameer , Lamb Jonathan N. , Pandit Hemant
Published: January 2024

Polished taper-slip (PTS) cemented stems have an excellent clinical track record and are the most common stem type used in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the UK. Due to low rates of aseptic loosening, they have largely replaced more traditional composite beam (CB) cemented stems. However, there is now emerging evidence from multiple joint registries that PTS stems are associated with higher rates of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) compared to their CB stem counterparts. The risk of both intraoperative and postoperative PFF remains greater with uncemented stems compared to either of these cemented stem subtypes. PFF continues to be a devastating complication following primary THA and is associated with high complication and mortality rates. Recent efforts have focused on identifying implant-related risk factors for PFF in order to guide preventative strategies, and therefore the purpose of this article is to present the current evidence on the effect of cemented femoral stem design on the risk of PFF.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):11–15.
The impact of an ageing population on future increases in hip fracture burden
Authors: Harris Euan , Clement Nick , MacLullich Alasdair , Farrow Luke
Published: January 2024

Aims

Current levels of hip fracture morbidity contribute greatly to the overall burden on health and social care services. Given the anticipated ageing of the population over the coming decade, there is potential for this burden to increase further, although the exact scale of impact has not been identified in contemporary literature. We therefore set out to predict the future incidence of hip fracture and help inform appropriate service provision to maintain an adequate standard of care.

Methods

Historical data from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit (2017 to 2021) were used to identify monthly incidence rates. Established time series forecasting techniques (Exponential Smoothing and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) were then used to predict the annual number of hip fractures from 2022 to 2029, including adjustment for predicted changes in national population demographics. Predicted differences in service-level outcomes (length of stay and discharge destination) were analyzed, including the associated financial cost of any changes.

Results

Between 2017 and 2021, the number of annual hip fractures increased from 6,675 to 7,797 (15%), with a rise in incidence from 313 to 350 per 100,000 (11%) for the at-risk population. By 2029, a combined average projection forecast the annual number of hip fractures at 10,311, with an incidence rate of 463 per 100,000, representing a 32% increase from 2021. Based upon these projections, assuming discharge rates remain constant, the total overall length of hospital stay following hip fracture in Scotland will increase by 60,699 days per annum, incurring an additional cost of at least £25 million per year. Approximately five more acute hip fracture beds may be required per hospital to accommodate this increased activity.

Conclusion

Projection modelling demonstrates that hip fracture burden and incidence will increase substantially by 2029, driven by an ageing population, with substantial implications for health and social care services.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):62–68.
Surgically reducing displaced distal radial fractures in children
Authors: Metcalfe David , Perry Daniel C.
Published: January 2024

Displaced fractures of the distal radius in children are usually reduced under sedation or general anaesthesia to restore anatomical alignment before the limb is immobilized. However, there is growing evidence of the ability of the distal radius to remodel rapidly, raising doubts over the benefit to these children of restoring alignment. There is now clinical equipoise concerning whether or not young children with displaced distal radial fractures benefit from reduction, as they have the greatest ability to remodel. The Children’s Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial (CRAFFT), funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, aims to definitively answer this question and determine how best to manage severely displaced distal radial fractures in children aged up to ten years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):16–18.
A Case of Symmetrical Bilateral Bifocal Femur Fracture with Bilateral Patella Fracture – A Case Report!
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Pradhan Chetan , Altaf Warid ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Attarde Dheeraj ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Sancheti Parag ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Shyam Ashok ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedic, Sancheti Institute of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India, [2] Indian Orthopaedic Research Group, Thane, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Bilateral bifocal femur fractures occur as a result of high-velocity trauma mainly road traffic accidents with dashboard injuries or fall from height. These fractures can result in high morbidity or mortality as they are usually presented with hypovolemic shock or fatal fat embolism syndrome. Case Report: We present a 47-year-old male with a history of fall from 35 feet. He sustained a symmetrical intertrochanteric femur fracture with a diaphyseal femur fracture with a bilateral patella fracture. There was no evidence of any head injury or spinal fracture. The patient reached the emergency room in hypotension and was maintaining saturation on room air. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit; hypotension was corrected overnight and was operated on after 24 h with bilateral intramedullary long proximal femoral nail and tension band wiring for the bilateral patella fractures. At 1-year follow-up, he was able to do his daily activities with minimal limitation. Conclusion: Bilateral bifocal femur fractures result from a high-velocity trauma. In such injuries, careful evaluation of all the systems should be performed to find out concomitant injuries. Single-staged surgical intervention decreases the morbidities of the subsequent surgeries, helps in a rehabilitation hospital stay as well as financially suitable for the patient. Keywords: Bilateral, bifocal femur, intertrochanteric, diaphyseal.
Uncommon Yet Noteworthy: A Clear and Comprehensive Case Report on Pediatric Hip Dislocation
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Vinodh J Benjamin , Sathiyaseelan Naveen ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Subramanian RM ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Vignesh Arun ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Rathi Nithesh Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Children, especially those under the age of five, seldom get hip dislocations. Young children may sustain dislocations from minor accidents such as slips or falls from low heights, whereas adolescents typically do so from high-intensity events such as car crashes or collision sports. Posterior dislocation occurs 8–9 times more frequently than those in the anterior. Here, we describe about the acute posterior hip dislocation suffered by a 5-year-old boy in this case report. Case Report: A 5-year-old girl reported to ER with left hip pain and difficulty to walk after slipping and falling while playing football at home. About 90 min after the fall, she presented at the hospital. The injured hip showed internal rotation, adduction, and flexion. An immediate pelvis X-ray revealed a right hip posterior dislocation. Under intravenous anesthesia, the dislocation was successfully reduced utilizing the Allis technique in the emergency room 3 h after the accident. Post-reduction radiographs verified that the reduction was successful. After 15 days of immobilization and 2 weeks of bilateral skin traction, the youngster was able to resume full weight-bearing walking with excellent tolerance. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of avascular necrosis (AVN), pediatric hip dislocations require prompt reduction within 6 h. Soft-tissue injuries are found using post-reduction magnetic resource imaging. AVN requires constant observation for at least 2 years. Since traumatic hip dislocations in children under the age of five are rare, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Keywords: Pediatric dislocation, posterior hip dislocation, Allis technique.
Closed, Atraumatic, and Spontaneous Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon Rupture Following Multiple Steroid Injections and Presence of Talonavicular Osteophyte Repaired using a Turndown Flap: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Wythenshawe Hospital (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, United Kingdom., Sundarapandian Rajkumar ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Wythenshawe Hospital (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, United Kingdom., Pillai Anand ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Wythenshawe Hospital (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, United Kingdom.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: We present a case of spontaneous rupture of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon with significantly retracted tendon edges in a patient who had received multiple steroid injections to an arthritic talonavicular joint repaired using novel turndown flap technique. Case Report: This case details a patient who came in with a history of spontaneous EHL tendon rupture on a background of chronic pain in the midfoot due to osteoarthritis with osteophytes at the talonavicular joint for which they had received multiple steroid injections in the past. A novel repair technique was employed which involved split lengthening the proximal segment of the ruptured EHL tendon and making a turndown flap of the same by rotating the lengthened segment 180°, bridging the tendon gap. The lengthened tendon is then sutured to the distal segment of the EHL to achieve a tension-free repair. This bypasses any use of bridging allografts and autografts/tendon transfer, removing complications commonly associated with them. Conclusion: This turndown flap technique is easy to perform, reduces surgical time, avoids complications associated with tendon grafting, and results in good functional outcomes for the patient. Keywords: Extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture, turndown flap, steroid injection.
Nové předpisy od 1.6.2023 do 1.12.2023
Authors: Bradáč Albert
Published: January 2024

Nové předpisy od 1.6.2023 do 1.12.2023
Investigating stakeholder rationales for participating in collaborative interactions at the policy–science nexus
Authors: Seibicke Helena
Published: January 2024

Contemporary politics has become increasingly reliant on scientific knowledge. In evidence-based policymaking, science is invoked to address complex, ‘wicked’ problems. Yet, policymakers do not necessarily base decisions on the best-available evidence, and models of knowledge used in policymaking have long been criticised as simplistic. Therefore, collaboration with non-scientific actors has emerged as a possible way forward. On both sides of the policy–science nexus, collaborative interactions are extended to include ‘stakeholders’ to improve the impact of knowledge (that is, its usability and applicability). And while stakeholder involvement often follows this overarching justification, the question of stakeholder rationales for participating in these processes has previously received little scholarly attention. To address this gap, this article analyses stakeholder rationales, asking why organisations get involved in collaborative research. The theoretical expectations about divergent organisational rationales, drawing on theories of institutional and organisational logics, are investigated through an exploratory case study of stakeholders engaged in collaborative research projects in Norway. The theoretical and empirical analysis form the basis for a proposed new typology of stakeholder rationales. In this way, the article contributes towards the development of better tools for understanding and assessing the sources and potential pathways of knowledge, shaped by self-interested actors, making its way into policymaking processes, often as ‘neutral’ evidence.
Blockchain for the digital twin-driven autonomous optical network
Authors: Pang Yue , Zhang Min , Zhang Lifang , Li Jin , Chen Wenbin , Wang Yidi , Wang Danshi
Published: January 2024

In recent years, optical networks have become increasingly large-scale and complex, resulting in mounting pressures on operation and maintenance management. The techniques of the artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital twin (DT) have been applied to optical networks to pave the way for creating the self-optimizing and self-controlling autonomous optical network (AON). However, the AON is confronted with many security and reliability issues: the centralized architecture is prone to data loss during system disconnection and active/standby switchover, and the massive data, DT models, and control instructions in the AON all face the risk of being tampered with, directly affecting the effectiveness of network regulation. In addition, the reliability of complex autonomous processes should be ensured. To address these challenges, in this paper, we applied blockchain to a DT-driven AON with the designed architecture and deployment scheme to realize data loss prevention, anti-tamper storage, secure autonomous operations, access control, and network element controller decisions. A blockchain-based solution was studied by considering the quality of transmission (QoT) estimation and link optimization as examples. Four chaincodes were designed and developed to perform the model storage, service definition, telemetry subscription, data collection, model implementation, and instruction delivery in the AON. Furthermore, the proposed solution was developed and deployed using Hyperledger Fabric. The Hyperledger Caliper was used to test the performance of the proposed blockchain system. The distributed environment is used for performance testing to simulate the real scenario. The test results are analyzed to indicate the future development direction.
Switching via wave interaction in topological photonic lattices
Authors: Ablowitz Mark J. , Nixon S. D. , Cole Justin T.
Published: January 2024

A honeycomb Floquet lattice with helically rotating waveguides and an interface separating two counter-propagating subdomains is analyzed. Two topologically protected localized waves propagate unidirectionally along the interface. Switching can occur when these interface modes reach the edge of the lattice and the light splits into waves traveling in two opposite directions. The incoming mode, traveling along the interface, can be adjusted and routed entirely or partially along either lattice edge with the switching direction based on a suitable mixing of the interface modes.
Hyperband electro-optic modulator based on a two-pulley coupled lithium niobate racetrack resonator
Authors: Hwang Hyeon , Nurrahman Mohamad Reza , Heo Hyungjun , Ko Kiyoung , Moon Kiwon , Ju Jung Jin , Han Sang-Wook , Jung Hojoong , Lee Hansuek , Seo Min-Kyo
Published: January 2024

Integrated optical modulators (IOMs) are crucial components of on-chip photonic circuits. However, most conventional IOMs are restricted to specific spectral bands. Here, we leveraged the wide transparency window of lithium niobate in conjunction with the two-pulley coupled resonator method. This approach led to the development of a hyperband electro-optic (EO) modulator that operates over an expansive spectral range from 775 to 1550 nm on a single device. The demonstrated EO modulator exhibits half-wave voltage-length products of 0.25, 0.93, and 0.68 V·cm at wavelengths of 1539.50, 969.70, and 775.17 nm, respectively.
Broadband phase noise measurement of single-frequency lasers by the short-fiber recirculating delayed self-heterodyne method
Authors: Chen Xu , Liu Jingmin , Jiang Junjie , Yang Shichao , Yu Xia
Published: January 2024

Characterization of single-frequency lasers (SFLs) requires a precise measurement of their phase noise. However, there exists a contradiction between the frequency range and laser phase noise measurement sensitivity in the delay self-heterodyne method. Achieving a broadband and highly sensitive phase noise measurement often requires overlapping the results obtained from different delay lengths. In this study, we present a precisely designed short-fiber recirculating delayed self-heterodyne (SF-RDSH) method that enables the broadband and highly sensitive laser phase noise measurement in a compact setup. By designing the length of the delay fiber based on a theoretical model, the RDSH technique with a shortest delay length of 200 m enables a highly sensitive laser phase noise measurement from 1 Hz to 1 MHz for the first time, to our knowledge. In the experiment, we demonstrate the broadband phase noise measurement of an SFL by analyzing the 1st and 10th beat notes.