bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Salinity Shelf Water production in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea from high-resolution near-surface salinity observations
Authors: Miller Una , Zappa Christopher , Gordon Arnold , Yoon Seung-Tae , Stevens Craig , Lee Won Sang
Published: November 2022

High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) is a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), a water mass that facilitates the sequestration of atmospheric heat and carbon into the deep ocean. The salinity of HSSW in the Ross Sea is sensitive to both local and broader regional forcing, with implications for the density of downstream AABW and the ocean’s ability to buffer against climate change. One poorly constrained source of HSSW variability in this region is its rate of production within Terra Nova Bay (TNB) in the western Ross Sea. Here, we use an unprecedented set of near-surface salinity, current velocity, and acoustic surface tracking timeseries, collected from a mooring in TNB in austral winter 2017, to estimate HSSW production rates. In one of few studies at the resolution of individual katabatic wind events, we find that HSSW production rates correlate with katabatic wind event frequency in early winter and with frequency, strength, and duration in late winter, suggesting a complex dependence on polynya dynamics. We calculate an average HSSW production rate of ~0.6 Sverdrups (106 m3 s-1)that allows us to validate an approach for estimating production rates from parametrized net surface heat fluxes, which we use to examine interannual variability in production rates across the decade. Though further mooring-based estimates are needed for confirmation, results suggest HSSW production in TNB has been mostly increasing since 2015 and could play a previously unrecognized role in the recently observed recovery of HSSW salinity in this region.
The COVID-19 e-lective: Using innovation to manage disrupted medical student clinical placements
Authors: Smith Janie Dade , Jones Peter D
Published: November 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way we work, spend, live, and learn. The impact was felt in the health sector where hospitals cancelled elective surgery, put on hold outpatient services, and implemented new social distancing procedures and telehealth systems, to enable hospitals to increase bed capacity. For medical students, these factors meant significant disruption to their clinical placements, remote delivery of their education, cessation of international and interstate placements, complicated by significant travel restrictions and border closures. There were concerns that final year students might be unable to graduate that year due to this lack of clinical exposure.
Innovation
As a result of this disruption in late March 2020 we developed an innovative six week ‘COVID-19 e-lective’ rotation, consisting of online modules, virtual clinical tutorials and a COVID project totalling the equivalent of two hundred hours of work.
Results
An evaluation was undertaken that found it to be remarkably successful in meeting the students’ learning needs and alleviating concerns about disrupted placements. It was also conducted during 2021 for all Year 4 students to help expand clinical placement opportunities.
Outcomes
This paper describes the e-lective, its innovations, its challenges, and its evaluation findings, for others to learn from.
Hypothalamic hamartoma related to Pallister-Hall syndrome in an adolescent patient: illustrative case.
Authors: Chavez-Herrera Victor Ramzes , Moreno-Ortiz Emmanuel , Casarrubias-Islas Roberto , Leal-Tapia Karen Alejandra , Flores-Salgado Rosa L. Margarita , Huicochea-Montiel Juan Carlos , Sandoval-Bonilla Bayron A. , Perez-Carrillo Cristian Alberto
Published: November 2022

Background

Hypothalamic hamartomas in relationship to Pallister-Hall syndrome are extremely rare; just over 100 cases have been reported. Most hypothalamic hamartomas are sporadic.

Observation(s)

A 17-year-old boy presented with a 3-year history of gelastic seizures and a suprasellar mass. The complete physical examination, blood work, and study images resulted in bilateral mesial-polydactyl, metacarpal syndactyly, glandular hypospadias, and hypoplastic nails. There were no hormone or neurological manifestations. Magnetic resonance image studies demonstrated a large non-enhancing suprasellar mass adjacent to the hypothalamus and displaced normal structures. An open biopsy of the mass and genetic studies was carried out to confirm the presumptive diagnosis. After the biopsy, treatment with Gamma knife and continuation of the anti-epileptic drug was indicated. The patient is seizure-free to this day.

Conclusion

Patients with Pallister-Hall hypothalamic hamartomas have a milder clinical scenario than native hypothalamic hamartomas; Pallister-Hall gelastic seizures usually respond well to antiepileptic drugs, and native hypothalamic hamartomas are well-known to be resistant. Even though a very large suprasellar mass could be found, most patients present with premature puberty and/or gelastic seizures, with almost no neurological deficits related to the size of the mass.
Empirical Approaches for Non-linear Site Response: Results for the ESG6-Blind Test
Authors: REGNIER Julie , Bard Pierre-Yves , Castro-Cruz David , Derras Boumédienne , Bertrand Etienne
Published: November 2022

We use two different purely empirical approaches to estimate the non-linear transfer function between a reference rock and a sedimentary site from recordings of weak ground motions and site-condition proxies. The modulus of the linear transfer function is first computed from weak motions and then modulated with a correction to consider non-linear soil behavior. Afterward, a time delay between the rock and site stations is considered using the weak motions delays and a minimum-phase assumption is used to derive a complex transfer function, which then allows to recover the prediction of acceleration time series a(t) at the sedimentary site. We apply these two approaches to the material provided for step 3 of the blind prediction exercise organized by the ESG6 Conference. The predictions were compared to the recordings that were provided after the blind test and to the overall predictions performed in the benchmark. Both methods underestimate the non-linear effects on the site response. For the foreshock, it contributes to improve the prediction compared to the other predictions. However, the prediction is less accurate for the mainshock. The prediction is also based on the average linear transfer function which, in case of large variability between weak motion transfer functions, may underestimate at some frequencies the amplification. Both of these purely empirical methods provide an honorable prediction of the Fourier spectra and acceleration time histories of the two target events, as the methods required only recordings of weak motions at the target and a referent sites and very simple description of the soil profile. The use of moderate motions to constrain the frequency shift prediction for the second method and the consideration of an alternative phase modification are possible ways to improvement.
The association between proton pump inhibitor prescription and QT interval prolongation in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Fan Weiguo , Liu Hualong , Shen Yang , Hong Kui
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Drug-induced QT interval prolongation has been reported to be related tolife-threatening polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are prescribed widelyfor hospitalized patients, the QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes caused by PPIs were reported. We tried to explore whether PPIs can increase the risk of QT interval prolongation among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Methods: This study included patients with electrocardiography (ECG) reports from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database (MIMIC-III). Patients younger than 18 years and those with missing laboratory results were excluded. The end point was QT interval prolongation according to ECG reports.
Results:This study included 84,653 ECG reports of 25,426 ICU patients, 14,520 (57.1%) patients had been prescribed PPIs and 2,271 (8.93%) showed a prolonged QT interval. Patients treated with PPIs had a higher incidence of QT interval prolongation (11.17% vs. 5.95%; odd ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% CI: 1.81-2.19; P < 0.001) than those absent PPIs prescription. PPI treatment was associated with an increased risk of QT interval prolongation (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30-1.62; P < 0.001) in adjusted logistic regression for serum potassium, serum magnesium, serum total calcium, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), comorbidities and known QT-prolonging drugs. In the matched population, patients treated with PPIs also had a higher risk of QT prolongation (8.74% vs. 6.29, OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.23-1.66). Pantoprazole was associated with higher risk of QT interval prolongation compared with omeprazole and lansoprazole.
Conclusion: There was an association between PPI prescription and QT interval prolongation in ICU patients, independent on known QT-prolonging factors. Pantoprazole had thehighest risk among three PPIs.
CoVnita: An End-to-end Privacy-preserving Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Classification
Authors: Sim Jun Jie , Zhou Weizhuang , Chan Fook Mun , Annamalai Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva , Deng Xiaoxia , Tan Benjamin Hong Meng , Aung Khin Mi Mi
Published: November 2022

Classification of viral strains is essential in monitoring and managing the COVID-19 pandemic, but patient privacy and data security concerns often limit the extent of the open sharing of full viral genome sequencing data. We propose a framework called CoVnita, that supports private training of a classification model and secure inference with the same model.

Using genomic sequences from eight common SARS-CoV-2 strains, we simulated scenarios where the data was distributed across multiple data providers.

Our framework produces a private federated model, over 8 parties, with a classification AUROC of 0.99, given a privacy budget of ε=1.
The roundtrip time, from encryption to decryption, took a total of 0.298 seconds, with an amortized time of 74.5 microseconds per sample.
Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Fan Maoxia , Li Runmin , Wu Xiaoqi , Dai Guohua
Published: November 2022

Background:Acupuncture is widely used in the clinical treatment of essential hypertension(EH). To summarize current systematic reviews of acupuncture for EH, assess methodological bias and the quality of evidence.Methods:Two researchers searched and extracted 7 databases for systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs),and independently assessed the methodological quality, risk of bias, reporting quality, and quality of evidence of SRs/MAs included in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Tools used included the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the Risk of Bias in Systematic (ROBIS) scale, the list of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.Results:This overview included 14 SRs/MAs that use quantitative calculations to comprehensively assess the various effects of acupuncture in essential hypertension interventions.The methodological quality, reporting quality, risk of bias, and quality of evidence for outcome measures of SRs/MAs were all unsatisfactory. According to the results of the AMSTAR-2 assessment, all SRs/MAs were of low and very low quality. According to the results of the ROBIS evaluation, a few SRs/MAs were assessed as low risk of bias.According to the results of the PRISMA checklist assessment, SRs/MAs that were not fully reported on the checklist accounted for the majority. According to the GRADE system, 86 outcomes were assessed under different interventions in SRs/MAs, and 2 were rated as moderate-quality evidence, 23 as low-quality evidence, and 61 as very low-quality evidence.Limitations of the included SRs/MAs included the lack of necessary items, such as not being registered in the protocol, not providing a list of excluded studies, and not analyzing and addressing the risk of bias that existed,etc.Conclusion:Currently, acupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for EH, but the quality of evidence is low, and caution should be exercised when applying this evidence in clinical practice.
Multistep Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-2-(-1H-1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl)thio)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin- 4(1H)-one Derivative by Novel Cu@Py-Oxa@SPION Catalyst
Authors: Sherafati Alireza , Moradi Shahram , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

In this pared, an efficient method is introduced for the synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-(((4-(2-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)alkyl)thio)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. These novel products have both 1,2,3-triazole and quinazolinone in their structures. For the synthesis of these products, a novel catalyst is designed, synthesized, and characterized by the immobilization of copper onto modified magnetic iron oxide. The catalyst (denoted: Cu@Py-Oxa@SPION) was characterized by several characterization techniques. As an advantage, the catalyst is highly recoverable and its activity has not decreased after 7 sequential runs. The method is very efficient for the synthesis of the products in high isolated yields under mild reaction conditions in a green solvent. The scope of the method is broad and several examples were successfully synthesized using starting materials with different functional groups.
Matrix Stiffness, Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xu Zichen , Chen Yi , Wang Yi , Han Wenbo , Xu Wenfeng , Liao Xiaoling , Zhang Tao , Wang Guixue
Published: November 2022

Background
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of the human cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction promotes the monocytes infiltration and inflammation that participate fundamentally in atherogenesis. Endothelial cells (EC) have been recognized as mechanosensitive cells and have different responses to distinct mechanical stimuli. Emerging evidence shows matrix stiffness-mediated EC dysfunction plays a vital role in vascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood.
Methods
It is through literature search to introduce the detailed role of matrix stiffness in the EC dysfunction in the process of AS diseases.
Results
This article aims to summarize the effect of matrix stiffness on the pro-atherosclerotic characteristics of EC including morphology, rigidity, biological behavior and function as well as the related mechanical signal. The review also discusses and compares the contribution of matrix stiffness-mediated phagocytosis of macrophages and EC to AS progression.
Conclusion
These advances in our understanding of the relationship between matrix stiffness and EC dysfunction open the avenues to improve the prevention and treatment of now-ubiquitous atherosclerotic diseases.
100 important questions about Bitcoin’s energy use and ESG impacts
Authors: Rudd Murray A.
Published: November 2022

Bitcoin currently consumes about 0.4% of global electricity and some critics have argued that widespread Bitcoin production and adoption will exacerbate global warming. Bitcoin advocates, on the other hand, have been dismayed by critics’ apparent lack of willingness to scrutinize Bitcoin’s potential role in helping improve the economics of renewable energy investments, reduce net emissions from methane venting and flaring, increase electricity grid efficiency, and provide higher-order environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. Given the disparate views, there is a pressing need to identify key knowledge needs regarding Bitcoin’s net energy use, carbon emissions, and direct and indirect ESG impacts. I used a variation on the ‘key questions’ horizon scanning approach to identify 100 questions that, if answered, could help provide credible evidence to support policy-makers’, investors’, and research funders’ decision-making on issues relating to the impact of Bitcoin production and adoption. The questions are distributed across 13 themes (Bitcoin energy use – the big picture; mitigating methane emissions; electricity grid transition; Bitcoin mining – site choices and costs; Bitcoin security; retail, institutional, and national Bitcoin adoption; governance; values and beliefs; inflation and discount rate; adaptive capacity; narratives; knowledge creation and communication; and social impacts). The breadth of knowledge required to answer key questions highlights the need to develop a prioritized research agenda, build research capacity, and encourage collaborative cross-sectoral and -disciplinary research. Defensible evidence for investors, regulators, and policy-makers needs to consider Bitcoin’s complex net impacts on energy use and ESG benefits.
Effects of astaxanthin and acute high-intensity exercise on liver oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Zhang Qin , Guo Ziyu , Wu Lijun , Wang Tong , Wang Jiayi
Published: November 2022

our study aims to explore the mechanism of astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on liver oxidative damage in rats induced by acute high-intensity exercise. 32 male SD rats were randomly separated into 4 groups: the control, exercise, administration, and exercise + administration. Group M and EM were treated with oil-soluble astaxanthin (25 mg/kg, every day) while group C and E were given an equal amount of soybean oil instead. The final acute high-intensity treadmill exercise was performed in group E and EM. All rats were sacrificed immediately after exercise, levels of plasma liver function indexes such as ALT and AST were assessed, and contents of MDA, SOD, and GSH were measured to reflect oxidative stress of the mice. Additionally, the relative expressions of mRNA and protein of the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats’ livers were also determined. According to the results of indicators assessment in our study, we found acute high-intensity exercise could induce liver damage, however, ASTA intervention will decrease ALT levels, reduce MDA concentration, as well as increase SOD activities and p-GSK-3β expression significantly to alleviate exercise-induced injuries in rats. Furthermore, ASTA also upregulates the expression of the AMPK/Nrf2 signal pathway by increasing AMPKα1 phosphorylation and activating the transcription factor Nrf2 to enhance the transcriptional translation of downstream HO-1 protein which could improve antioxidant capacity and repair exercise-induced oxidative damage. This research illustrated an unexplored effect of ASTA that it was useful in the therapy of exercise-induced liver injury through the regulation of the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant pathway but inhibited HO-1 expression in quiet rats.
Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length in children myopia with 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence
Authors: Zhou Lei , Tong Liyang , Li Ying , Qiu Kaikai
Published: November 2022

Purpose To test the hypothesis that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy could retard ocular axial length (AL) in children with myopia.
Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of 50 consecutive eligible children aged 8 to 12 years with ≤ - 0.75 Diopter (D) of spherical equivalent refraction（SER）. Participants were randomly assigned half to the intervention group (n = 25) treated with PBM therapy and half to the control group (n = 25) with single vision spectacles (SVS) only. At the 12-month follow-up, the changes of AL and cycloplegic SER from the baseline were both compared between the two groups. In addition, the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal refractive power (CCP) were analyzed at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively.
Results Among 50 children, 78% were included at final follow-up with the mean age of 9.7 ±1.5 years and mean SER of -2.56 ±1.70D. The mean difference between two groups at 12-month from baseline in AL elongation was 0.50mm (PBM vs Control, -0.016mm ± 0.11 versus 0.48mm ± 0.16, P < .001); And the mean difference between two groups at 12-month from baseline in cycloplegic SER was +1.25D (PBM vs Control, +0.28D ± 0.26 versus -0.97D ± 0.25, P < .001). None of other parameters（including SFChT, ACD, and CCP）at any timeline demonstrated statistically significant difference between two groups.
Conclusions Photobiomodulation therapy is an efficacy intervention with slightly shortened AL to control myopia in children.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100043619. Registered on 23/02/2021; prospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=121302
The efficacy of modified Ishiguro method in the treatment of mallet finger
Authors: Yang Kaiwen , Xiang Feifan , Ye Junwu , Yang Yunkang
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the short- and medium-term clinical efficacy of the modified Ishiguro method and Ishiguromethod for the treatment of mallet finger.
Methods: A total of 65 patients with avulsion fracture of extensor tendon were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2018 to March 2021. They were treated with the traditional Ishiguro method and the modified Ishiguro method of our hospital. There were 31 patients in the Ishiguro method group, 17 males and 14 females, 25.6 ± 4.3 years old. The operation time caused by injury was 3.1 ± 0.6 days. According to Wehbe and schneifer's classification, there were 9 cases of type II, 15 cases of type III and 7 cases of type IV; There were 34 patients in the modified group, including 21 males and 13 females, 27.5 ± 5.6 years old. The operation time caused by injury was 3.4 ± 0.5 days, including 12 patients of type II, 14 patients of type III and 8 patients of type IV. In both groups, the Kirschner wire was removed after X-ray reexamination 4-6 weeks after operation, and the curative effect was evaluated by Crawford standard and VAS score.
Results: All cases were followed up for 14.5 ± 2.1 months. There was a significant difference in VAS score of finger flexion between the two groups 1 month after operation (t=-4.349, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups 3 and 6 months after operation. The excellent and good rate of Crawford score in Shihei group was 19.4%, while that in improved group was 85.0% (Z=-4.349, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, the distal finger flexion was 64.28 ± 13.75 ° in the Ishigurogroup while 82.72 ± 8.59 ° in the modified group (t=-6.557, P<0.001). The follow-up of the improved group showed that the fractures healed well, the distal interphalangeal joint activities of the patients were good, and there were no nail deformities, needle infection, interphalangeal joint deformities,interphalan interphalangeal arthritis, interphalangeal joint stiffness and other complications. The follow-up X-ray examination showed that all patients were primary healed.
Conclusion: The application of the modified Ishiguro method for the treatment of distal interphalangeal joint extensor tendon avulsion fracture was satisfactory, with reliable fixation, good fracture healing, satisfactory extensor tendon stop reconstruction, and good functional recovery of the affected finger.
Groundwater quality in Zagora south-east of Morocco by using physico-chemical analysis and geospatial techniques
Authors: Boudellah Abderrazzaq , Moustaine Radouane El , Gharmali Abdelhay EL , Maliki Abdelmonaim , Moutaouakil Soumia , Bouriqui Abdelillah , abdellah khouz , Boulanouar Mohamed , Ibouh Hassan , Mohamed Ghamizi , Hachimi My Youssef El
Published: November 2022

Groundwater in Morocco is restricted because of the semiarid to arid climatic conditions. In this area, the water resources, especially groundwater, are extremely significant. However, it is under threat from organic and inorganic pollution. Furthermore, it is considered the only source of potable water as well as having different usages in Zagora (the southeast of Morocco), making its quantitative and qualitative protection an urgent priority. The present study focused mainly on the anthropogenic impact on the natural resources and groundwater quality around Zagora city by using geospatial techniques and the Water Quality Index (WQI). This paper uses sampling data from 15 wells in the water table of Oasis Fezouata. 15 samples were collected from wells during rainy and dry seasons in two years 2020-2021 and the analysis of the groundwater quality of studied stations.
The suitability of the aquifer Fezouata was investigated using drinking and irrigation water quality indices like SSP, SAR, MHs, PI, and KR. The results showed that sulfate and chloride are the dominant anions in the groundwater samples. While the mean abundance of major cations is Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, the sodium ion is dominant and K+ is the least abundant. The Water Quality Index suggests that 28.55% are good quality water, (23.90%–47.55%) are poor and very poor quality water, respectively, and 40.24% are unsuitable for drinking purposes in 2020. Furthermore, the WQI of the 2021 campaign showed that only 17.48% were considered good quality water and 38.94% (43.58%) were poor or very poor quality water, respectively. However, 33.21% are unsuitable for drinking water. Based on SAR, PI, SSP, KR, and HM values, the majority of groundwater samples can be used for agricultural purposes, notably those of the upstream part of the study area. These results represent an important contribution to the evaluation of groundwater quality and may be influenced mainly by local factors, especially the wastewater treatment stations and mine discharges, which are the primary sources of deteriorating water quality.
Genome-Wide Signature of Positive Selection in Ethiopian Indigenous and European Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: Mengistie Dejenie , Edea Zewdu , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay , Dejene Genet , Dessie Tadelle , Jemal Jeilu , Asefa Ermias , Kim Kwan Suk , Samuel Behailu , Dadi Hailu
Published: November 2022

Background: Despite the availability of genomic methods for determining the origin and divergence of domestic cattle in East Africa, particularly Ethiopia, knowledge regarding their genetic adaptability and divergence remain limited. To investigate signatures of selection Ethiopian cattle populations were genotyped with an 80K SNP array and European beef cattle breeds were also used for comparison purposes.
Results: Across Ethiopian cattle populations, the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.403 and 0.400, respectively. Similarly, for European cattle, observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.26 respectively. PCA and NJ-tree revealed a separation of Ethiopian cattle breeds from European beef breeds. NJ-tree grouped the study cattle according to their breed group with close clustering of Ethiopian cattle populations. The top 1% FST values were considered to delimit genomic regions under positive selection. Some of the candidate genes are involved in biological processes and pathways linked to meat quality attributes determined. Furthermore, some of the candidate genes are associated with tropical adaptation to heat tolerance and resistance to disease.
Conclusion: The levels of genetic variation for SNPs on the Bovines GGP-80K assays obtained in this study indicate that these assays have utility for genetic studies in Ethiopian indigenous cattle breeds. The genetic distance of the indigenous Ethiopian breeds from European beef breeds coincides with existing knowledge, that European beef breeds considered under this study are artificially selected and are taurine, while Ethiopian indigenous breeds are naturally selected.
Inequality and heterogeneity of variables influencing parents' perceived worry before and during COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Australia
Authors: Zougheibe Roula , Dewan Ashraf , Norman Richard , Gudes Ori
Published: November 2022

Background
Worry, in its general form, is an invisible disruptive force that, if ignored, may have adverse health outcomes. Understanding variables associated with worry among parents in abnormal events such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its variation compared to everyday life and across geography remained inadequately addressed.
Methods
Following an extensive literature review, we developed a conceptual framework outlining factors contributing to parents' worry. We undertook an anonymous online survey between (June – July 2020) involving parents (N = 332) and their primary school-aged children across Australia. Multilinear regressions, geographical weighted regression GWR and forest-based algorithms are used to identify significant variables, their spatial behaviour, and their importance in predicting parents' worry. The spatial association examines the geographical relationship between worried parents and children.
Results
There is a 13.8% increase in "very worried all the time" parents during the pandemic compared to before the outbreak. However, variables associated with parents' COVID-19-related worry were not directly related to physical health. Ethnic background (p < 0.05), neighbourhood safety (p < 0.05), parents with a history of distress symptoms (p < 0.05), excessive exposure to the news (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and income change (p < 0.05) were significant. Perceived neighbourhood safety was a paramount predictor of parents' worry before COVID-19, whereas the financial risk of income change was the leading variable in predicting parents' COVID-19-related worry. Spatial variations in the latter variable contributing to parents' worry is likely due to varying state policies and virus-reported cases rate. Worried children are found among distraught parents during COVID-19.
Conclusion
The analyses revealed inequality in the impact of the pandemic on parents' well-being and heterogeneity in variables contributing to modifying parents' worry across time and geography. The outcome has implications with international relevance in combating the invisible force of worry by advocating for parents-specific policies and ensuring access to appropriate mental health resources for those in need. There is also a need to forward research in geographical modelling for mental health to help devise much-needed location-targeted interventions that can aid in prioritising resources for high-risk areas.
Analysis of the dimensions of buccal and palatal bone wall in the maxillary anterior esthetic zone: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Hu Xiaojing , Zhang Hongchuang , Zhang Hui , Song Zijian
Published: November 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the buccal and palatal alveolar thickness and morphologic features of relatively healthy maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods
Buccal and palatal bone thickness at central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was measured at four reference lines on CBCT scans of 1824 Chinese patients (152 males and 152 females). Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), sagittal root position (SRP), the angulation between the axis of the teeth and the alveolar process, and the inclination of the anterior teeth in the alveolar socket were measured using 3-dimensional imaging software.
Results
The thickness of buccal maxillary anterior alveolar bone thickness was 57.59% less than 1mm, and decreased with age. Bone thickness was greater in males than in females. The buccal and palatal ABT of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were significantly different between males and females. The buccal ABT of females decreased with age. The SRP classification was significantly different in age distribution, regardless of gender. The SRP was significantly correlated with the buccal and palatal ABT in the apex. The angulation between the axis of the teeth and the alveolar process increased with age. The inclination of the anterior teeth in the male was significantly greater than that in the female.
Conclusions
Preoperative analysis using CBCT may be beneficial for establishing the treatment planning because the buccal and palatal alveolar bone thickness is associated with age and gender, as well as the position relationship between the tooth root and alveolar bone.
Modular Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Carbon Two-Dimensional Nanosheets
Authors: Li Wei , Qiu Pengpeng , Zhang Xingmiao , Ai Yan , Luo Wei , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: November 2022

The manipulation of polymeric micelles across extended length scales is a key challenge in the design of integrated mesoporous materials with well-defined geometry and advanced functions. Herein, we demonstrate a modular assembly strategy to construct metal nanoparticles functionalized mesoporous carbon two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets by organizing zero-dimensional (0D) spherical monomicelle modules on the 2D supporting blocks. The modular assembly process involves two key steps: the “modularization” step is used to synthesize highly uniform metal-catecholamine (MC) complex functionalized monomicelle “modules” that can be conveniently assembled on the 2D supporting blocks (graphene oxide (GO), WS2, and MXene) in the following “assembly” step. After an annealing process, the resultant composites possess a single-layered 2D nanosheet surrounded by two single-layered mesoporous carbon at both sides, and exhibit highly ordered mesostructures with large surface areas (~ 385 m2 g− 1), tunable pore sizes (16–25 nm) and highly dispersed metal-containing nanoparticles. Due to the modularity of this assembly process, a range of metal species (Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Pd, FeCo, CoNi, and FeCoNi) can be in-situ incorporated into the 2D mesoporous frameworks, which are partially embedded in the pore walls with the remaining part exposed in the pore channels. Benefiting from the unique textual structures, the resultant GO derived functional mesoporous carbon nanosheets (Co as the functional species and being annealed at 850 ℃) exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability and superior methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction, which holds a great potential as a catalyst for fuel cells.
Sodium Fluorescein in pediatric oncological neurosurgery: a pilot study on 50 children
Authors: de Laurentis Camilla , Bteich Fred , Beuriat Pierre Aurélien , Almeida Laryssa Crystinne Azevedo , Combet Sylvie , Mottolese Carmine , Vinchon Matthieu , Szathmari Alexandru , Rocco Federico Di
Published: November 2022

Background. Sodium fluorescein (SF) is currently considered a valid intraoperative adjunct in the resection of high-grade brain lesions in adults. Experiences in pediatric groups and in low-grade gliomas and other low-grade lesions are still limited in literature, and subjective evaluation of fluorescence is still a limitation.
Material and methods. This study retrospectively reviewed all patients with brain or spine lesions operated on from September 2021 to July 2022 in the Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit of Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, who had received 5 mg/kg of 10%. Surgery was performed using a YELLOW560 filter at crucial times. At the end of surgery, the first operator completed a questionnaire, including his opinion on whether SF had been useful in tumor resection, recorded as a binary variable. Post-hoc, surgical images were reviewed using ImageJ, an open-source Java image processing platform. In order to compare independent discrete variables, we applied the Student’s t test, and we applied the Chi-square or Fischer exact test for binary variables. A threshold of p < 0.05 was set for statistical significance.
Results. We included 50 pediatric patients (0.2 - 17.6 years old). 40/50 lesions showed SF uptake (80%). The differentiation between healthy and affected tissue, thanks to SF, subjectively evaluated by the surgeon, had as objective counterpart the statistically significant higher brightness of green in lesions, registered by the software (p < 0.001). SF overall allowed a good differentiation in 33/50 lesions, and overall utility of SF has been noted in 67% of them. When specifically considering gliomas, overall utility reached 75%.
Conclusion. SF is a feasible, safe and useful intraoperative adjunct in pediatric neurosurgery. In particular, it seems to have a promising role in some low-grade infiltrating glial tumors. The subjective evaluation of fluorescence seems to be reliable with respect to image analyses software.
Additive Manufacturing of Cu/Ni by Selective Electrochemical Deposition on Local Conductive Substrate
Authors: Wu Wenzheng , Wang Jing , Liu Tianyu , Guo Jinyu , Zhao Chenghan
Published: November 2022

Electrodeposition, a typical additive processing method combining electrochemical deposition and additive manufacturing, can realize the additive processing of metal. Herein, a novel additive manufacturing (AM) method was proposed based on electrochemical deposition. Specifically, realized three-dimensional forming of metal by local conductive samples (PLA-CNTs7wt%) as cathode through selectively electrochemical deposition. Moreover, the effect of the deposition time on the surface morphology and quality of the sample was explored. Besides, the method of preparing metal parts in array type solves the problem of slow electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM) and provides a new approach for AM to achieve mass production. Then, the prepared copper-nickel multilayer metal samples realized the ECAM of multi-metals. Finally, the 4D printing effect of copper-nickel bimetallic samples was preliminarily explored, and the feasibility of preparing energy storage elements by selective electrochemical deposition was further proved.
The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among first and fifth-year medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah , Alshehri Badr , Alghadir Omar , Basamh Abdullah , Alzeer Meshari , Alshehri Mohammed , Nasr Sameh
Published: November 2022

Background: The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among first-year and fifth-year medical students. Additionally, to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the problem.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the College of Medicine at King Saud University between September 2020 and January 2021. The target was medical students at first-year and fifth-year during the 2020-2021 academic year. Depressive symptoms were screened using 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) while anxiety symptoms were screened using 7-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) .
Results: A total 182 medical students were included. Depressive symptoms (52.9% versus 35.8%, p=0.020) and anxiety symptoms (35.6% versus 26.3%, p=0.176) were higher in the first-year compared with fifth-year students. The difference reached statistical significance only with depressive symptoms. Approximately 19.2% of the students were worried about acquiring COVID-19, 49.4% were worried about academic performance, and 30.8% were feeling sad, depressed or anxious during COVID-19 pandemic. Independent risk factors of depressive symptoms included having concomitant anxiety, being worried about acquiring COVID-19 infection, being worried about academic performance, and feeling sad, depressed or anxious. Independent risk factors of anxiety included having lower grade point average and having concomitant depressive symptoms. Academic year was not a significant predictor of depression or anxiety in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Medical students have an alarming high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, which was negatively impacted by COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for a special mental health program targeting new and current medical students
Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power
Authors: Coertjens Marcelo , Coertjens Patricia Chaves , Tartaruga Marcus Peikriszwili , Gorski Tatiane , Silva Adriano Eduardo Lima , Carminatti Lorival José , Beyer Paulo Otto , Almeida Ana Paula Viola , Geremia Jeam Marcel , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins
Published: November 2022

While an exercise recovery method may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance. A randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 male trained cyclists and triathletes. Participants were assigned randomly to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): outside water immersion (OWI), cold water immersion (CWI: 20ºC), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40ºC). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. Regardless the water immersion temperature, the water immersion increased τVo2 (+18%), asymptote (Vo2 +16%, Vo2 +13%, VE +17%, HR +16%) and AUC (Vo2 +27%, Vco2 +18%, VE +20%, HR +25%), while decreased τHR (-33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT test (2.2%), while the CWI decreased by 2.4% (P < 0.01). Independent of the water temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite being higher than in other studies, 20°C during CWI effectively triggered physiological and performance responses via an easier-to-administer temperature. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance. The action of immersion temperature on muscle neuromechanics and its repercussions on the force-velocity relationship seem to explain the changes of anaerobic mechanical power.
A rat model of tibia fracture and recovery after plate fixation
Authors: Fan Yingfang , Leape Charlotte P. , Hugard Shannon , McCanne Madeline , Thomson Andrew , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Michael Weaver J. , Collins Jamie E. , Randolph Mark , Oral Ebru
Published: November 2022

Background
Postoperative behavior and allodynia evaluation in rodents are commonly used to confirm preclinical disease models. In contrast, we are investigating pain and functional recovery after traumatic fracture and surgical repair. We created a tibial fracture in the rat and repaired the fracture internally with plating. We hypothesized that histological bone healing would be strongly correlated with functional recovery.
Methods
Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a metaphyseal transverse osteotomy of the proximal tibia. The defect was repaired by abutting the bone surfaces and fixing them in place using a 5-hole Y-plate with 4 screws. Fracture healing was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks using micro-CT imaging, X-ray, and histology. Functional recovery was assessed using video recording and analysis of gait, static weight bearing, hind paw reflex response, and toe spread.
Results
The micro-CT and histological results demonstrated complete fracture healing at 8 weeks. Specific gait analysis parameters: temporal symmetry, hindlimb duty factor imbalance, phase dispersion, and toe spread showed longitudinal changes commensurate with fracture healing.
Conclusions
We aim to use this model to evaluate the efficacy of locally administered non-opioid analgesics with long-term effects on healing and function. Our long-term goal is to assess the local efficacy of drug delivery devices in improving post-surgical pain and function. The correlation in this tibia fracture model between bone healing and functional outcomes suggests that post-operative recovery can be monitored, and treatments can be compared using these endpoint measurements.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune System In vitro Conditions
Authors: Erol Ayşe , Sel Figen Abatay , Süleymanoğlu Mediha , Demirayak Gökhan , Kuruca Dürdane Serap , Oğuz Fatma Savran
Published: November 2022

Determination of the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is necessary before clinical applications. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of MSCs on cytokines secreted by the immune system cells. Intracellular cytokine levels (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Interleukin-17 (IL-17)) detected by flow cytometry before and after co-culture between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MCSs. At the same time, supernatant cytokine levels were measured using the ELISA. In our study, MSCs were isolated from cord blood (CB) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), and their surface markers (CD44 (100%), CD73 (99.6%), CD90 (100%), CD105 ( 88%)) shown by flow cytometry method. Both CB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs were used in co-culture MSC/PBMC ratios of 1/5 and 1/10, incubation times of 24 hours and 72 hours. In the present study, when we compared co-cultures of CB-MSC or WJ-MSC with PBMCs, intracellular levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17 (pro-inflamatory) and IL-4 (anti-inflamatory) were increased and supernatant levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The level of TGF-β (anti-inflamatory) was significantly decreased for both CB-MSC and WJ-MSC in supernatant (p < 0.05). It was investigated the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of CB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs on PBMCs with the obtained results. According to the results, MSCs demonstrated different immunologic effects after the incubation time and ratios For further studies, it should be known between interaction of MSCs and immune system.