bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cinematic fauna of Bengt Berg
Authors: Fahlstedt Kim Khavar
Published: March 2018

This short subject initiates new research into the career of pioneering Swedish nature documentarian, Bengt Berg. During the silent era, the Swedish zoologist-turned-filmmaker earned international praise for his cinematic studies of the Swedish avifauna. But ties to the eugenics movement and the German Nazi Party have rendered him a problematic figure of Scandinavian film history. Drawing on newly restored film prints, contextual archival findings and previous research on Berg, this article explores new paths of inquiry into Berg’s oeuvre.
THE FATTY ACID AND MINERAL COMPOSITION HERBS PICRIS HIERACIOIDES L.
Authors: Бубенчикова (Bubenchikova) Валентина (Valentina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Степнова (Stepnova) Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna)
Published: March 2018

As the object of the study, the herb of Picris hieracioides L., the family of the Asteraceae, widely grown in the middle belt of the European part of Russia, was chosen. Picris hieracioides L. has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytostatic activity. However, its chemical composition has not been studied sufficiently.Biologically active substances responsible for these types of pharmacological activity are not established. The purpose of this study was to study the fatty acid and mineral composition of the herb Picris hieracioides L., harvested in the Kursk region in 2016 during the flowering period of the plant. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry identified 16 fatty acids, with long chains of from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Fatty acids are represented by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, among which saturated (53.42%): palmitic (2479,38 mg/kg) and myristic (867,79 mg/kg). Unsaturated fatty acids are dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic (1543,87 mg/kg) and linolenic (2354,65 mg/kg). The study of the mineral composition by the method of emission spectral analysis showed the presence of 25 mineral elements. Among the macroelements is dominated by potassium. Among the trace elements, a high content of Cu, Zn, Ba, Mn, Sr, Ti, Fe, B, Al, Si is noted. It was found that the content of lead does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for tea and herbal raw material.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN TRIFOLIUM L. SPECIES IN SIBERIA
Authors: Андреева (Andreeva) Валерия (Valeriia) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) , Калинкина (Kalinkina) Галина (Galina) Ильинична (Il'inichna) , Полуэктова (Poluektova) Татьяна (Tat'iana) Викторовна (Viktorovna) , Гуляева (Guliaeva) Вера (Vera) Александровна (Aleksandrovna)
Published: March 2018

Conducted a comparative study of the phenolic compounds content, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids and isoflavonoids are 8 species of clover (Trifolium L.) flora of Siberia with the purpose of identifying the most promising species as sources of biologically active complexes.It is established that the amount of phenolic compounds in the aerial part of Trifolium pratense L, T.hybridum L., T. arvense L, T. repens L., T.montanum L., T. medium L., T. aurea (Pollich) Green, T. lupinaster L. is of 2,37–3,78%. The content of flavonoids in the samples changed from 1,91 to 3,78 %. By the method of chromatography on paper and thin-layer chromatography to be closest in composition of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and cynaroside) to the T. pratense L are T.montanum L., T. medium L., T. lupinaster L. and T. aurea (Pollich) Green. The content of isoflavones in the aerial part of the clover species flora of Siberia ranged from 0,27 to 2,58%. The most promising are the T. medium L., T. repens L. and T.hybridum L.. Formononetin, biochanin, genistein, ononin were identified in the composition of these species by chromatographic comparison with standard samples. Trifolium pratense L, T.hybridum L., T. lupinaster L., T. medium L. with sufficient raw material base in the flora of Siberia can be recommended for further study as sources of flavonoids, including isoflavonoids.
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE LICHEN USNEA BARBATA
Authors: Лыскова (Lyskova) Надежда (Nadezhda) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) , Базарнова (Bazarnova) Юлия (Iuliia) Генриховна (Genrikhovna) , Кручина-Богданов (Kruchina-Bogdanov ) Игорь (Igor') Вадимович (Vadimovic)
Published: March 2018

In the modern society value of many biological resources remains underestimated. Lichens are one of the unique poorly studied bioresources. These are amazing organisms, formed by symbiosis of algae and fungus. Due to this combination, lichens have a number of unique properties.In this article the results of study the composition of biologically active secondary lichen metabolites of the Usnea barbata lichen. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of dry lichen extract against bacteria Bac. Subtilis. The conditions for extraction of biologically active metabolites using solvent systems such as water, water-ethanol mixtures with ethanol content of 40 and 70%, 1,4-dioxane and a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (1: 1) were selected. With use of the modern analytical methods, the composition of secondary metabolites in the extracts was studied. By the method of spectroscopy in the UV and visible region of the spectrum to determine the content usnic acid, which is 16,2 (solvent - water) to 60,0 (1,4-dioxane) mg/100 ml of extract.It is shown that the dioxane extract has pronounced atioxidant properties. The active substances (in terms of usnic acid) of the dry extract of lichen Usnea barbata are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria Bac. Subtilis.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOLVENTS ON EXTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS EXTRACTION FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Варданян (Vardanian) Луиза (Luiza) Размиковна (Razmikovna) , Атабекян (Atabekian ) Лилит (Lilit) Валериковна (Valerikovna) , Айрапетян (Airapetian) Сюзанна (Siuzanna) Арсеновна (Arsenovna) , Варданян (Vardanian) Размик (Razmik) Левонович (Levonovich)
Published: March 2018

In this work the influence of extragent on the antioxidant (AO) effect of individual extracts and their mixtures on kinetics of cumene oxidation were investigated on the example of nine medicinal plants. It was shown that the effective concentration of AO in investigated extracts increases with increasing of polarity of extragent (except for ethanol). For each used extract have been defined their antioxidant activities (AOA), i.e. RO2 + InH → ROOH + In reaction speed constants.At combined action of various plants extracts, and also same plant extracts extracted by different extragents the there were found effects of additivity, synergism and antagonism of inhibition. Maximum effect of synergism was shown by the mixture of strawberry leaves ethanol extract with falcaria leaves acetone extract (23%), and maximum effect of antagonism was shown the mixture of ethanol and benzene extracts of falcaria leaves (39%).The received results can be used in various scopes of extracts (or in various areas of extracts use) as stabilizers of oxidation and as medicines for the medical purposes.
THE STUDY OF GRAPE SEED OIL OBTAINED BY EXTRACTION BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: Рамазанов (Ramazanov) Арсен (Arsen) Шамсудинович (Shamsudinovich) , Шахбанов (Shakhbanov) Курбан (Kurban) Шахбанович (Shakhbanovich)
Published: March 2018

The object of the study were grape seeds technical Rkatsiteli grown in the Derbent district and revised in September 2016 on Derbent cognac plant in the Republic of Dagestan.The purpose of this study was to obtain oil by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide from grape Rkatsiteli and the determination of the quality and content of fatty acids in grape oil by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection.The optimal conditions for obtaining high-quality unrefined grape oil for the food and pharmaceutical industry from grape seeds of the grade Rkatsiteli by CO2 extraction were determined: temperature 30 °С, pressure of carbon dioxide 350 atm., time 60 minutes. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted oil yield was 13.5%.It is shown that the oil from the seeds of grapes of Rkatsiteli variety contains irreplaceable polyunsaturated fatty acids more than 88%, tocopherols 292 mg%, carotenoids 4.4 mg% and chlorophylls 5.9 mg%.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS POTENTILLA L.
Authors: Тихомирова (Tihomirova) Людмила (Ljudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Базарнова (Bazarnova) Наталья (Natal'ja) Григорьевна (Grigor'evna) , Сысоева (Sysoeva) Александра (Aleksandra) Викторовна (Viktorovna) , Щербакова (Shherbakova) Людмила (Ljudmila) Владимировна (Vladimirovna)
Published: March 2018

The genus Potentilla (Potentilla L.) is a member of the family Rosaceae, widespread in temperate, Arctic and Alpine zones of the Northern hemisphere. The genus is known since ancient times for its healing properties. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed traditional use of the extracts of Potentilla species in various diseases. Phytochemistry representatives of Potentilla L. are poorly understood. Biotechnology for the production of renewable raw materials is only developed for Potentilla alba L.Objective – to conduct phytochemical analysis of biotechnological raw materials and Potentilla alba L. Potentilla fragarioides L., identification of features of the elemental composition and accumulation of biologically active substances in comparison with intact plants.The result of the research developed in biotechnology for the production of biomass of P. fragarioides. The evaluation of the intensity and specificity of accumulation of chemical elements in bodies of regenerated plants of P. alba from the nutrient media in tissue culture. The elements of vigorous accumulation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo Cu, and the element of a strong accumulation of Co. These features of the elemental composition of plant material P. alba, depending on the production method. Estimated purity, content of water and alcohol-soluble extractives, and certain groups of biologically active substances.It is revealed that white Potentilla and cinquefoil zemlyannikova are the hub of flavonoids and tannins. The incidences of accumulation of biologically active substances in the bloodroot zemljanichnoe exceed the targets set for the white cinquefoil, both traditional and biotechnological raw materials.
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF CAROTENOIDS AND CHLOROPHYLL FROM LEDUM PALUSTRE
Authors: Попова (Popova) Александра (Aleksandra) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) , Ивахнов (Ivakhnov) Артем (Artem) Дмитриевич (Dmitrievich) , Скребец (Skrebets) Татьяна (Tat'iana) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) , Боголицын (Bogolitsyn) Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich)
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of supercritical fluid extraction parameters and the quality of the feedstock on the yields of pigments from the Led Flyweed. As a method of extracting the target components, supercritical fluid extraction was used. To quantify the target components, spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were used, antioxidant activity was determined on the anti-oxidant activity analyzer «Blizar». Comparison of the conditions for the isolation of chlorophylls and carotenoids of Ledum palustre (Ledum palustre) when using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol as extractants is compared. The parameters of supercritical fluid extraction for obtaining extracts enriched with one or both pigments are determined. It is established that the variation of the pressure and temperature of the fluid, the duration of processing and the moisture content of the raw material allows one to extract extracts enriched with one or both extractable pigments. The optimum amount of ethanol used as cosolvent is 5 volume% and is necessary and sufficient for efficient extraction of pigments by supercritical CO2. The data obtained are significant for the pharmaceutical, food and perfume and cosmetic industries, where natural dyes and antioxidants are required. The problem of developing their production and isolation is solved. Technologies are being developed for obtaining pigments from plants, which were previously widely used for the manufacture of medicines.
Análises de direito comparado sobre segurança, criminalidade e políticas públicas – panorama Brasil e Itália
Authors: Freitas Carolina Mota de , Freitas Janaína Thaddeu Calil de
Published: March 2018

A criminalidade global vem avançando em níveis assustadores nas últimas décadas, o que acaba por ocasionar grande preocupação não só da população como dos governantes em todos os níveis. Com uma análise específica das atuais políticas públicas brasleiras, percebe-se que pouco é feito na direção da diminuição de tais índices. A sociedade assiste atônita à infinidade de crimes que ocorrem diariamente, sem se dar conta da responsabilidade que também possui diante dos fatos.  Tendo em vista tais fatores, o presente estudo pretende analisar a criminalidade sob o enfoque da realidade mundial, mediante exposição e análise das experiências de direito comparado, principalmente no contexto brasileiro e italiano, de modo a propor políticas públicas relativas à prevenção do crime, visando assim a contenção ou diminuição dos coeficientes de criminalidade alarmantes.
Penistaan Agama pada Masyarakat Plural Ditinjau dari Tafsir Maqasyidi
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah
Published: March 2018

This paper relooks at how most people are vulnerable in facing plural society. Within multi-culture community project in which all religions have equal right and the raising of religious exclusivism, this paper attempts to show how religious plurality maintained in the plural community. One of prominent issue in this context of plural communit is blasphemy. Beside in order to maintain religious harmony in plurality, the law of blasphemy was also purposed to protect any religious issues that despised another religion. Here, blasphemy occurs for some reasons, first is massive understanding about religion is still monolitic and much affected from religious exclusivism, secondly the law about blasphemy is still unfamiliar among plural community. In order to overcome this issue, this paper will unpack the blasphemy law and how it is affected among plural community. Through the paradigm about Maqashid Syari’ah, this paper will argue that the law about blasphemy should be introduced toward communityintensively and massively. Beside it is emphasizing religious plurality; it could be also as medium for communicating the issues of religious blasphemy.[Paper ini melihat kembali bagaimana kebanyakan orang rentan dalam menghadapi masyarakat majemuk. Dalam masyarakat multi-kultur, di mana seluruh agama memiliki kebenaran yang sama dan meningkatnya eksklusifitas agama, paper ini mencoba memperlihatkan bagaimana kemajemukan agama dijaga dalam masyarakat yang plural. Salah satu isu yang menonjol dalam  konteks masyarakat majemukadalah penistaan. Selain untuk menjaga keharmonisan agama dalam kemajemukan, hukum penistaanjuga dituju untuk menjaga berbagai masalah agama yang memandang rendah agama lain. Di sini terjadinya penistaan agama terjadi karena beberpa alasan.pertama, adalah pemahaman yang masif mengenai agama masih monolitis dan banyak terpengaruh dari eksklusifitas agama.kedua, hukum terhadap penistaan masih kurang familiar di antara masyarakat majemuk. Untuk mengatasi isu ini, paper ini akan membongkar hukum penistaan dan bagaimana itu mempengaruhi di antara masyarakat majemuk. Melalui paradigma Maqasid Syariah, paper ini akan membahas bahwa hukum tentang penistaan harus diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat secara intensif dan masif. Di samping itu, paper ini menekankan kemajemukan agama; itu juga bisa menjadi medium untuk mengkomunikasikan isu-isu penistaan agama.]
An experimental study on premixed CNG/H2/CO2 mixture flames
Authors: Yilmaz Ilker , Yilmaz Harun , Cam Omer
Published: March 2018

In this study, the effect of swirl number, gas composition and CO2 dilution on combustion and emission behaviour of CNG/H2/CO2 gas mixtures was experimentally investigated in a laboratory scale combustor. Irrespective of the gas composition, thermal power of the combustor was kept constant (5 kW). All experiments were conducted at or near stoichiometric and the local atmospheric conditions of the city of Kayseri, Turkey. During experiments, swirl number was varied and the combustion performance of this combustor was analysed by means of centreline temperature distributions. On the other hand, emission behaviour was examined with respect to emitted CO, CO2 and NOx levels. Dynamic flame behaviour was also evaluated by analysing instantaneous flame images. Results of this study revealed the great impact of swirl number and gas composition on combustion and emission behaviour of studied flames.
An advanced teaching scheme for integrating problem-based learning in control education
Authors: Juuso Esko K.
Published: March 2018

Engineering education needs to provide both theoretical knowledge and problem-solving skills. Many topics can be presented in lectures and computer exercises are good tools in teaching the skills. Learning by doing is combined with lectures to provide additional material and perspectives. The teaching scheme includes lectures, computer exercises, case studies, seminars and reports organized as a problem-based learning process. In the gradually refining learning material, each teaching method has its own role. The scheme, which has been used in teaching two 4th year courses, is beneficial for overall learning progress, especially in bilingual courses. The students become familiar with new perspectives and are ready to use the course material in application projects.
Creep behavior of 3D core wood-strand sandwich panels
Authors: Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Yadama Vikram , Geng Jian
Published: March 2018

A preliminary experimental evaluation of duration of load and creep effects of lightweight wood-strand sandwich panels (lwW-SSP) was conducted following ASTM D6815-09 to determine the equivalence to the duration of load and creep effects of visually graded lumber as specified in Practice D245. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of lwW-SSP was obtained using four-point bending tests to evaluate their creep and load behavior at three stress levels (15, 40 and 65% of MOR). Two different widths were considered to observe the effect of this parameter. lwW-SSP preformed well under long-term loads, as tertiary creep was not observed at all stress levels and the strain rate decreased over time. The panels met the criteria specified in the standard. None of the specimens failed, the creep rate decreased and the fractional deflection was <2. Accordingly, the duration of load factors of visually graded lumber is applicable to these panels. For the theoretical evaluation of solid wood behavior, viscoelastic models can also be applied to describe the creep behavior of lwW-SSP with wood-strand corrugated cores. An exponential viscoelastic model consisting of five elements accurately approximates the experimental creep behavior of three-dimensional (3D) core sandwich panel.
The power of belonging
Authors: Gjøtterud Sigrid , Krogh Erling
Published: March 2018

Coming from a Nordic environment, professionally working in teacher education, both authors engaged in developmental work and research in the Uluguru mountains in Tanzania. The research is carried out in a community-based organization for vulnerable youth, Mgeta Orphan Education Foundation (MOEF), which builds on principles of action learning and action research. We have followed and participated in the development of the organization since 2010, and this article builds on data gathered in 2016-17. We will show and discuss some of the transformations we have witnessed, mainly in the older members. The transformations seem to have an emergent character, and we examine further factors we have seen as crucial for transforming the lives of the young people in the orphan education project. Surprisingly, duty was a factor coming forth in the data. The youth perceived duty in a relational way, mainly caused by inner motivation nurtured by the example of their coordinator, Solomon, and by facing the continuous, emergent need for assistance in their local communities. Less surprisingly, belonging transpired as a fundamental factor. Previously, we have analyzed the transformational learning among the youngsters, and identified a set of transformational tools (Gjotterud, Krogh, Dyngeland, & Mwakasumba, 2015). Building on the transformational tools, we have derived a model for Relational Transformation. Transformative action research is the approach we follow, and one aim of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the reciprocity of transformative processes in transformative research.
Teaching stylistic inversion to advanced learners of English: Interaction of input manipulation and individual difference variables
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław , Mystkowska-Wiertelak Anna
Published: March 2018

While a lot of research has been conducted into the effects of different instructional techniques, little is known about how their contribution is moderated by individual (ID) difference variables. The study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the effect of three different types of input-based intervention as a function of the use of grammar learning strategies and beliefs about grammar instruction. The experimental groups received instruction in the use of stylistic inversion in English during three 45-minute segments of regularly-scheduled classes, which took the form of three types on input enhancement, i. e. visual input enhancement, aural input enhancement, and a combination of the two, whereas the control group focused on regular curricular issues. The mastery of the target features was tested on a pretest, an immediate posttest and a delayed posttest which were intended to tap both receptive and productive dimensions of explicit and implicit knowledge. The use of strategies and beliefs was measured by means of the instruments designed by one of the authors. The analysis demonstrated that although all experimental groups outperformed the control group, there were in most cases no statistically significant differences. It also turned out that grammar learning strategies and beliefs were important moderating variables, although their impact could not be fully established.
Coprime actions with supersolvable fixed-point groups
Authors: Meng Hangyang , Guo Xiuyun
Published: March 2018

Let A be an elementary abelian r-group acting on a finite

r
′

{r^{\prime}}

-group G. Suppose that the fixed-point group

C
G

⁡

(
a
)

{\operatorname{C}_{G}(a)}

is supersolvable for each

a
∈

A
#

{a\in A^{\#}}

. We show that G is supersolvable if

|
A
|

⩾

r
4

{|A|\geqslant r^{4}}

and that

G
′

⩽

𝐅
3

⁢

(
G
)

{G^{\prime}\leqslant\mathbf{F}_{3}(G)}

if

|
A
|

⩾

r
3

{|A|\geqslant r^{3}}

. Moreover, we prove some other results for cases when the fixed-point group

C
G

⁡

(
a
)

{\operatorname{C}_{G}(a)}

is abelian, p-nilpotent or satisfies the Sylow tower property.
Non-Equilibrium Dislocation Dynamics in Semiconductor Crystals and Superlattices
Authors: Jou David , Restuccia Liliana
Published: March 2018

A model for semiconductor crystals and superlattices with dislocations proposed in a previous paper is used here to study the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of these defective materials. The standard procedures of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables are applied to derive in the linear approximation constitutive equations as well as rate equations for the dislocation, charges and heat flux fields, containing coupled effects among the different fields. A new dislocation tensor is used to describe the geometry of the dislocation lines, because their relative orientation with respect to the superlattice interfaces is very relevant.
On sinc quadrature approximations of fractional powers of regularly accretive operators
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Lei Wenyu , Pasciak Joseph E.
Published: March 2018

We consider the finite element approximation of fractional powers of regularly accretive operators via the Dunford–Taylor integral approach. We use a sinc quadrature scheme to approximate the Balakrishnan representation of the negative powers of the operator as well as its finite element approximation. We improve the exponentially convergent error estimates from [A. Bonito and J. E. Pasciak, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 37 (2016), No. 3, 1245–1273] by reducing the regularity required on the data. Numerical experiments illustrating the new theory are provided.
Crystal structure of the bis((E)-O-ethyl-N-phenylthiocarbamate) – 4,4′-bipyridine co-crystal (2/1), C28H30N4O2S2
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: March 2018

C28H30N4O2S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.1450(6) Å, b = 11.6401(11) Å, c = 11.8506(10) Å, α = 102.850(8)°, β = 105.028(6)°, γ = 94.135(6)°, V = 1305.14(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.047, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.139, T = 100(2) K.
Modelling Physical and Digital Replication: Bridging the Gap Between Experimentation and Experience
Authors: Dolfini Andrea , Collins Rob
Published: March 2018

The replication of objects lies at the heart of material culture research in archaeology. In particular, replication plays a key role in a number of core activities in our discipline including teaching, research, and public engagement. Despite its being fundamental to the archaeological process, however, replication comes across as an under-theorised field of artefact research. The problem is compounded by the recent development of digital technologies, which add a new layer of challenges as well as opportunities to the long-established practice of making and using physical copies of objects. The paper discusses a number of issues with artefact replication including aims, design, and methodology, from the standpoint of two research projects currently coordinated by the authors: the Bronze Age Combat project, which explores prehistoric fighting techniques through field experiments and wear analysis (Dolfini); and the NU Digital Heritage project, which centres upon the digital capture and modelling of Roman material culture from Hadrian’s Wall (Collins). Both projects have actively created replicas in physical or digital media, and direct comparison of the two projects provide a number of useful lessons regarding the role, uses, and limits of artefact replication in archaeology. Bronze Age Combat project: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/cias/research/bronzeagecombat/ NU Digital Heritage project: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/cias/research/nudigitalheritage/
Die Dynamik der Abschreckung
Authors: Bergeron James Henry
Published: March 2018

Kurzfassung:

Abschreckung ist ein dynamischer Prozess, bei dem nicht nur die eingebrachten Machtwerkzeuge wichtig sind, sondern auch strategisches Handeln und Kommunikation. Die Zeit des Kalten Krieges war dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wechselseitige nuklearstrategische Abschreckung eine direkte konventionelle Konfrontation ausschloss, weil keine der beiden Seiten die realen Risiken der Eskalation zu einem nuklearen Schlagabtausch eingehen wollte. Allerdings akzeptierten beide Seiten unterhalb einer gewissen Schwelle die Fortsetzung von Machtpolitik und Konkurrenz. Das waren die Rüstungskonkurrenz, die Stellvertreterkriege, das Auf-die-Probe-Stellen der politischen Willensstärke der jeweils anderen Seite sowie das Ausnutzen von Schwächen der anderen Seite oder von Gelegenheiten. Dieser Wettstreit unterhalb der Schwelle stellt – wenngleich unter unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen – auch die Bedingung dar, unter denen die strategische Konkurrenz zwischen Russland und der NATO ablaufen wird. Der Artikel zeigt auf, wo die absehbaren Probleme der NATO im Rahmen einer neuen Phase der gegenseitigen Abschreckung und der strategischen Konkurrenz liegen. Entscheidend für eine glaubwürdige Abschreckungsstrategie sind der politische Wille und die Fähigkeit, effektiv mit der anderen Seite zu kommunizieren.
An investigation on Trakya region Oak (Quercus spp.) honeys of Turkey: their physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic compounds properties
Authors: Kolayli Sevgi , Can Zehra , Çakir Hilal Ebru , Okan Onur Tolga , Yildiz Oktay
Published: March 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate various physicochemical properties, phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of the oak honey, large quantities of which are produced in the Thrace region of Northwest Turkey.

Methods

Hunter color values (Lab), optical rotation, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash were measured as physicochemical determinants. Sugar, proline content, mineral, phenolic acids, total phenolic flavonoids contents were evaluated as chemical parameters. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants.

Results

The results determined that dark-colored honeys (mean 24.95±8.35 L) have proline levels (649.82±203.90 mg/kg), total phenolic content (TPC) (67.29±13.10 mgGAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (10.14±4.78 mgQE/100 g), a high ratio of fructose/glucose (1.65±0.18). Rutin (11.14±8.50 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (6.97±5.80 μg/g) and protocatechuic acid (6.12±4.39 μg/g) were the major phenolic components, and quercetin was also detected in varying amounts in all samples. Potassium (2523±0.28 mg/kg), calcium (63.40±3.20 mg/kg) and magnesium (38.88±0.65 mg/kg) were the major minerals in the honeys.

Conclusion

Our results showed that physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, sugar and mineral contents successfully distinguish the geographical origins of oak honey. These findings will contribute to a more accurate evaluation of oak honey in the literature.
El pidgin chino-español de Manila a principios del siglo XVIII
Authors: Fernández Mauro
Published: March 2018

Despite the relative abundance of written records from the late 19th century of interactions in Chinese pidgin Spanish (a modified form of Spanish used in business transactions between Chinese merchants in Manila and their customers), few of these texts have made it into the hands ―or research― of Creole experts. Up to now, Chinese pidgin Spanish has been largely dismissed by creolists as an unstable jargon unworthy of their attention. However, the presence and use of stereotypes among the local population, as evidenced by the substantial corpus of surviving documents from this period, demonstrates a certain degree of stability in at least some aspects of the pidgin. The recent discovery of a short dialogue in Chinese pidgin Spanish dating from the early 18th century has pushed the timeline for the language back much further. This article examines the main linguistic features of the dialogue and compares them with those from a century and a half later. The results indicate the prolonged stability of the stereotypes over a period of at least 150 years. The analysis also explores the possible origins of these linguistic forms and how they spread.
Epigenetic Etiology of Intellectual Disability
Authors: Iwase Shigeki , Bérubé Nathalie G. , Zhou Zhaolan , Kasri Nael Nadif , Battaglioli Elena , Scandaglia Marilyn , Barco Angel
Published: March 2018

Intellectual disability (ID) is a prevailing neurodevelopmental condition associated with impaired cognitive and adaptive behaviors. Many chromatin-modifying enzymes and other epigenetic regulators have been genetically associated with ID disorders (IDDs). Here we review how alterations in the function of histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and methyl-DNA binding proteins contribute to neurodevelopmental defects and altered brain plasticity. We also discuss how progress in human genetics has led to the generation of mouse models that unveil the molecular etiology of ID, and outline the direction in which this field is moving to identify therapeutic strategies for IDDs. Importantly, because the chromatin regulators linked to IDDs often target common downstream genes and cellular processes, the impact of research in individual syndromes goes well beyond each syndrome and can also contribute to the understanding and therapy of other IDDs. Furthermore, the investigation of these disorders helps us to understand the role of chromatin regulators in brain development, plasticity, and gene expression, thereby answering fundamental questions in neurobiology.
Determinan Permintaan Uang Di Indonesia Tahun 2005.Q1-2014.QIV: Pendekatan ECM
Authors: Hardeo Awang Muhammad
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel PDB, Indeks Harga Konsumen, Suku Bunga Pinjaman, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan dan Nilai tukar (Kurs) terhadap Permintaan Uang (M1) di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam estimasi jangka pendek variabel PDB memiliki hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Sementara dalam jangka panjang PDB memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Variabel IHK dalam jangka pendek memiliki hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Sementara dalam jangka panjang IHK memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Variabel Suku bunga pinjaman dalam jangka pendek memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Sementara dalam jangka panjang Suku bunga pinjaman memiliki hubungan negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Variabel IHSG dalam jangka pendek memiliki hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Sementara dalam jangka panjang IHSG memiliki hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Variabel Nilai tukar dalam jangka pendek memiliki hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1). Sementara dalam jangka panjang Nilai tukar memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan uang (M1).

 

This study aimed to analyze the influence of variables GDP, Consumer Price Index, Lending Rate, JCI and the exchange rate to Demand Money (M1) in Indonesia in the short term and long term from 2005 to 2014. The analysis showed that in the short term estimates of GDP variable has a positive and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1). While in the long term GDP has a positive and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1). Variables CPI in the short term have a positive relationship and no significant effect on the demand for money (M1). While in the long term CPI has a positive and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1). The variable lending rate in the short term have a negative and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1). While long-term lending rate has a negative correlation and no significant effect on the demand for money (M1). JCI variable in the short term have a positive relationship and no significant effect on the demand for money (M1). While in the long term JCI has a positive and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1). Variable exchange rate in the short term have a positive relationship and no significant effect on the demand for money (M1). While in the long run exchange rate has a positive and significant relationship to the demand for money (M1)
Public-Private Partnership untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Sektor Pariwisata di Wilayah Kedungsepur
Authors: Ni’mah Izzatun
Published: March 2018

Kinerja sektor pariwisata Wilayah Kedungsepur mengalami peningkatan pada indikator jumlah objek wisata, tenaga kerja, wisatawan, pendapatan, dan PDRB sektor pariwisata, namun kontribusi sektor pariwisata terhadap PDRB dan rata-rata lama tinggal wisatawan menunjukkan penurunan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja sektor pariwisata Wilayah Kedungsepur mengalami penurunan dan Public Private Partnership yang dilaksanakan belum optimal. Dengan Demikian, peneliti menggunakan analisis SWOT dan AHP untuk menemukan alternatif strategi peningkatan indikator-indikator kinerja sektor pariwisata. Hasil penelitian dari Analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Wilayah Kedungsepur berada pada kuadran III, yaitu mendukung strategi Turn Arround dengan mengaplikasikan strategi yang dirumuskan dalam matriks SWOT. Dan hasil penelitian dari analisis AHP menunjukkan prioritas berdasarkan kriteria aspek dan alternatif, Aspek Kelembagaan dan Alternatif mempererat hubungan internal kelembagaan menjadi prioritas dalam pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Wilayah Kedungsepur.

Performance of the tourism sector in Kedungsepur increases significantly in every number of tourism object, labor, tourists, income, and PDRB of tourism sector, but contribution of tourism to PDRB and the average remained tourists showed decrease. This indicates that performance tourism sector in Kedungsepur was decrease and Public Private Partnership haven’t been optimal. So, researchers conducted SWOT and AHP Analysis to find alternative strategy to increase performance indicators of tourism sector. Finnaly, SWOT analysis shows that development of tourism sector in Kedungsepur Area at quadrant III, it is should to apply Turn Arround Strategy with apply formulated strategy in the matrix SWOT. And AHP analysis show that priority based on criteria aspects and alternative, institutional aspects and bilateral relationship of internal institution alternative be a priority in the development of tourism sector in Kedungsepur.
Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga Kredit, Tenaga Kerja, Teknologi Terhadap Investasi di Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Syaikhu Agung , Haryati Titik
Published: March 2018

Investasi merupakan faktor penting bagi pembangunan ekonomi, karena dengan dana dari investasi bisa dialihkan keusaha produktif sehingga akan memicu pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi, suku bunga kredit, tenaga kerja dan teknologi terhadap investasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis regresi berganda dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square) untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menyatakan berdasarkan uji t statistik variabel inflasi dan suku bunga kredit tidak signifikan terhadap investasi di Indonesia, sedangkan variabel tenaga kerja dan teknologi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap investasi di Indonesia. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada 2 variabel yang menunjukan hasil signifikan yaitu tenaga kerja dan teknologi, serta 2 variabel yang tidak signifikan yaitu inflasi dan suku bunga kredit.

Investment is an important factor for economic development because of the investment fund may be transferred to productive business ventures that will stimulate economic growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of inflation, interest rates on credit, labor and technology to investmen in Indonesia. This study uses multiple regression analysis with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) where to find and influence the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The study states based on the statistical t-test variable inflation and interest rate no significant effect on investment in Indonesia, while variable labor and technology a significant effect on investment in Indonesia. Conclusions from this research is that there are two variables that showed a significant result that labor and ttechnology, as well as the two variables are not significant, namely inflation and interest rate.
Determinant of Poverty in Indonesia
Authors: Budi Setiawan Avi , Adzim Fauzul
Published: March 2018

This research aims at knowing the relationship between the labor force participation level, the average of expenditure per capita, the literacy level, and the capital investment and the poverty level in Indonesia at 2014. The secondary data in this research were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the National Population and Family Planning Bureau (BKKBN) in 32 provinces in Indonesia (cross section). The method of research used is Ordinary Least Square Method with level of confidence of 95%. The research result shows that the average of expenditure per capita and the capital lending have a significant influence on the poverty level in 2014, while the labor force participation level and the literacy level have no significant influence on the poverty.
Comparative Transcriptomics Among Four White Pine Species
Authors: Baker Ethan A G , Wegrzyn Jill L , Sezen Uzay U , Falk Taylor , Maloney Patricia E , Vogler Detlev R , Delfino-Mix Annette , Jensen Camille , Mitton Jeffry , Wright Jessica , Knaus Brian , Rai Hardeep , Cronn Richard , Gonzalez-Ibeas Daniel , Vasquez-Gross Hans A , Famula Randi A , Liu Jun-Jun , Kueppers Lara M , Neale David B
Published: March 2018

Conifers are the dominant plant species throughout the high latitude boreal forests as well as some lower latitude temperate forests of North America, Europe, and Asia. As such, they play an integral economic and ecological role across much of the world. This study focused on the characterization of needle transcriptomes from four ecologically important and understudied North American white pines within the Pinus subgenus Strobus. The populations of many Strobus species are challenged by native and introduced pathogens, native insects, and abiotic factors. RNA from the needles of western white pine (Pinus monticola), limber pine (Pinus flexilis), whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) was sampled, Illumina short read sequenced, and de novo assembled. The assembled transcripts and their subsequent structural and functional annotations were processed through custom pipelines to contend with the challenges of non-model organism transcriptome validation. Orthologous gene family analysis of over 58,000 translated transcripts, implemented through Tribe-MCL, estimated the shared and unique gene space among the four species. This revealed 2025 conserved gene families, of which 408 were aligned to estimate levels of divergence and reveal patterns of selection. Specific candidate genes previously associated with drought tolerance and white pine blister rust resistance in conifers were investigated.
A Critical Role for Dna2 at Unwound Telomeres
Authors: Markiewicz-Potoczny Marta , Lisby Michael , Lydall David
Published: March 2018

Dna2 is a nuclease and helicase that functions redundantly with other proteins in Okazaki fragment processing, double-strand break resection, and checkpoint kinase activation. Dna2 is an essential enzyme, required for yeast and mammalian cell viability. Here, we report that numerous mutations affecting the DNA damage checkpoint suppress dna2∆ lethality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. dna2∆ cells are also suppressed by deletion of helicases PIF1 and MPH1, and by deletion of POL32, a subunit of DNA polymerase δ. All dna2∆ cells are temperature sensitive, have telomere length defects, and low levels of telomeric 3′ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Interestingly, Rfa1, a subunit of the major ssDNA binding protein RPA, and the telomere-specific ssDNA binding protein Cdc13, often colocalize in dna2∆ cells. This suggests that telomeric defects often occur in dna2∆ cells. There are several plausible explanations for why the most critical function of Dna2 is at telomeres. Telomeres modulate the DNA damage response at chromosome ends, inhibiting resection, ligation, and cell-cycle arrest. We suggest that Dna2 nuclease activity contributes to modulating the DNA damage response at telomeres by removing telomeric C-rich ssDNA and thus preventing checkpoint activation.
Commonwealth Matters
Authors: Leckrone J. Wesley
Published: March 2018

“COMMONWEALTH Matters” provides an overview of the articles in issue 20:1, as well as information on a new section of the journal focusing on pedagogy. It also discusses Pennsylvania Politics and Policy: A Commonwealth Reader, which will be published in 2018.
TIERRAS EN EL POSCONFLICTO: ¿EN EL FONDO CUÁL ES EL PROBLEMA?
Authors: Gutiérrez Sanín Francisco , Marín Jaramillo Margarita
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza los problemas relacionados con el Fondo de Tierras cuya creación contempla el acuerdo del Teatro Colón entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). El Fondo está en el corazón de la Reforma Rural Integral (RRI) planteada por el acuerdo y en la política de acceso sin redistribución, que tiene como uno de sus aspectos centrales quitarles a los criminales para darles a los campesinos. Este artículo muestra que tal política tiene un doble efecto. Por un lado, aumenta la probabilidad de que las políticas de acceso a tierras pasen diversos filtros políticos y legislativos, y finalmente sean aprobadas. Por otro, incrementa la probabilidad de que ellas sufran severas distorsiones a lo largo del proceso de aprobación e implementación, así como de que conduzcan a resultados ajenos a los objetivos verbalmente expresados por sus arquitectos.
CONFLICTOS TERRITORIALES, THINK TANKS Y POLÍTICA PÚBLICA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Vela Murillo Norma Patricia
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza las relaciones existentes entre los conflictos territoriales alrededor de la minería a gran escala, los think tanks y la política pública colombiana en torno al ordenamiento minero. A partir de la revisión de literatura y del análisis del conflicto territorial presente en el municipio de Cajamarca (Tolima), se problematiza el ordenamiento minero como eje estructurante del conflicto en mención, pues la mayoría de la política pública nacional se focaliza en un ordenamiento espacial que prioriza la configuración de distritos mineros como una de las estrategias fundamentales para promover un país minero. Así, las tensiones entre los múltiples actores sociales dan cuenta de los intereses que están en juego y de la superposición de poderes cuando se llevan a cabo procesos de territorialización.
TRAYECTORIAS DE DESARROLLO: UNA NUEVA FORMA DE CONCEPTUALIZAR LA VARIACIÓN DE LA DEMOCRACIA SUBNACIONAL EN COLOMBIA 1988-2015
Authors: Pino Uribe Juan Federico
Published: March 2018

Este artículo presenta una discusión teórica sobre las formas de clasificar la democracia subnacional de acuerdo con autores que han examinado el tema en América Latina. La discusión evidencia los límites e imprecisiones que tienen la mayoría de conceptos para aprehender conceptual y empíricamente el cambio en el tiempo de las variaciones de la democracia subnacional y propone el concepto de trayectorias de desarrollo para estudiar este fenómeno. Dicho concepto se testea de manera empírica por medio del estudio de caso de la democracia subnacional en Colombia, comparando la forma agregada de estudiar la democracia colombiana que se ha realizado en distintas investigaciones sobre la materia y el group-based trajectory modeling, el cual permite observar que el desarrollo de la democracia subnacional en Colombia ha sido heterogéneo y se caracteriza por tener distintas trayectorias de apertura y estabilidad en el ámbito local.
ANÁLISIS DE LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN LAS COMISIONES ECONÓMICAS DEL CONGRESO COLOMBIANO, USANDO ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO DE DATOS TEXTUALES
Authors: Salinas Adriana Francisca , Huertas Jaime Abel
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza las actas de los debates sobre el proceso decisorio de aprobación del presupuesto general de la nación en las comisiones económicas del Congreso de la República de Colombia (periodo 2002-2009), con el propósito de detectar asociaciones entre la posición de los congresistas durante el debate y algunas de sus características individuales. Las actas que son transcripciones literales de los debates, se analizan por medio de las técnicas estadísticas de datos textuales, las cuales se han utilizado recientemente para el estudio de la toma de decisiones de los comités de política de los bancos centrales. Los resultados se contrastan con el concepto de racionalidad acotada asumido por Lindblom (1959). Se encuentra, entre otros resultados, que ser economista o estar inmerso en un proceso judicial son factores determinantes en la frecuencia con la que se debate, o que la filiación política tiene particular incidencia sobre el tipo de intervención que hacen los congresistas.