bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal Invasive Approach for Lips Venous Lake Treatment by 980 nm Diode Laser with Emphasis on the Aesthetic Results. А Clinical Series
Authors: Voynov Parvan P. , Tomov Georgi T. , Mateva Nonka G.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: A venous lake (VL) is a vascular lesion with common occurrence in many patients, manifested as a dark blue-to-violet compressible papule, caused by dilation of venules. The main reasons for the treatment of VL are aesthetic. The haemorrhaging episodes or impairment of oral normal functions are also under considerations. Treatment of lip VL includes surgical excision, selective photocoagulation, cryotherapy, sclerotherapy and electrodessication. The high-intensity diode laser is an option. The 980 nm diode laser is selectively absorbed by haemoglobin and selectively destroys blood vessels, minimising injury to the surrounding healthy skin.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser in the treatment of VL lesions with the accent on the postoperative defects and aesthetic results.

Methods: 35 patients aged 37 to 71 were included in this study. A 980 nm diode laser was used in noncontact mode, under local anaesthesia in continuous wave (2-3W, for 20-60s). All patients received only one procedure.

Results: Healing process was completed within 2 to 4 weeks after treatment with no scarring. None of the typical adverse effects were observed in the process of healing.

Conclusions: Selective photocoagulation is an effective method for treatment of VL. Lower morbidity, minimal patient discomfort and satisfactory functional and aesthetic results are favourable for patients. To optimise the results and to reduce the adverse effects, basic knowledge on lasers and laser-tissue interactions is requisite.
Chronic Treatment with Opiate Agonists in Bulgaria - Assessing the Quality of Life Using SF 36 v. 2
Authors: Petrov Sava V. , Orbetzova Maria M. , Iliev Yanko T. , Boyadzhiev Doychin T.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Drug addictions to psychoactive substances are disorders with a complex bio-psycho-social genesis, which are characterized with chronic relapses. Substance addiction causes multifactorial damage to the normal functioning of individuals and requires a multicenter approach for the treatment process.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients undergoing chronic treatment with the opiate agonist methadone using a standardized questionnaire method in Bulgarian.

Material and methods: The study included patients aged 18 to 40 years undergoing chronic treatment with methadone for at least six months. The study included 100 subjects. Seventy-six patients were from 5 clinical programs in Bulgaria; twenty- four clinically healthy age-matched subjects with no history of drug abuse, psychiatric and somatic diseases were the control group.

Results: We found significant differences between patients and controls in all components of the survey (P<0.05). The patients had lower scores than the control group in the SF-36 in terms of all eight components and both the physical and mental component summaries of the SF-36-survey. Patients compared between the groups by dose, duration of treatment with methadone and period of heroin abuse before initiating treatment did not show significant differences. There were no significant differences between patients with and without hepatitis C virus.

Conclusions: Opiate addiction is a state associated with poor quality of life. The duration of treatment, the methadone dose, period of heroin abuse before initiating treatment and illness of hepatitis C virus does not correlate with lower results.
Determination of the Economic Effects in Intesive Production of Piglets
Authors: Mirilović Milorad , Velebit Branko , Djurić Spomenka , Vejnović Branislav , Dimitrijević Mirjana , Tajdić Nada , Rogožarski Dragan
Published: August 2016

Critical indicators of intensive production in hog raising are continuity of production, high level of produced series-tours, application of the most contemporary technological achievements without any turnover of capital, high merchandise turnover, and intensive usage of the reproduction potential of breeding material. Production of piglets represents one of the most essential phases in the production of pork meat. In spite of genetic factors, duration of interval wean-conception is one of the basic factors in determination of bringing forth indexes and number of piglets per litter. In order to recognize production costs of piglets completely we found nutrition costs for piglets and sows represent 61%, while other costs such as personal incomes, veterinary services, water, energy, losses, and amortization represent 39% of total costs. On the basis of cost price per feeding day of a sow and the number of piglets per litter, production costs of piglets older than 28 days with an average body weight of 7 kg were determined. Price cost per piglet after weaning, with 7 kg average body weight, and 146 days of reproduction process accounts for 21,78 EUR if there are 10 piglets in a litter. If the reproductive cycle would last exactly the same and if successful conception would be achieved 25 days after weaning, production cost per piglet would be 23,79 EUR.
Methods of Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in a Convergent - Divergent Nozzle of Rectangular Cross Section
Authors: Jablonská Jana , Kozubková Milada , Himr Daniel , Weisz Michal
Published: August 2016

Cavitation is a phenomenon with both positive and negative effects and with dynamic manifestations in hydraulic, food, chemical and other machinery. This article deals with the detection and dynamic behavior of cavitation clouds in water flows through a rectangular cross-section convergent-divergent nozzle. Cavitation was measured by methods applicable in engineering practice. Pressure, flow rate, noise, vibration, and amount of air dissolved in the liquid were measured and cavitation region was recorded with a high-speed camera. Evaluation of acquired images in connection with measured pressure pulsations and mechanical vibrations was performed with the use of the FFT method. In certain cases, dimensionless parameters were used to generalize the measurements. The results will be used to specify multiphase mathematical cavitation model parameters.
The Traditional in Contemporary Curricula of Preschool Education
Authors: Kopas-Vukašinović Emina , Savović Margit
Published: August 2016

Contemporary curricula of preschool education are the result of the improvement of pedagogical and didactic theories. They imply a technical plan with which it is possible to achieve measurable objectives of preschool education. The curriculum is also defined as a tool for quality and equal education for all. It represents a reflection of the time, society and culture in which it exists, but also a model for future society and education. Thus an important research question arises as to what extent we recognize traditional ideas about learning and the development of a preschool child in contemporary preschool programs. Are traditional ideas about educating young children unjustly neglected or do we recognize them in contemporary pedagogical theory even today, at the same time forgetting about the past and declaring them innovations? This paper deals with the starting points for the development of a curriculum. The goal of the research was to determine to what extent can the starting points for the development of preschool children, which have existed in the first preschool programs in Serbia in the late 19th century, be recognized in contemporary preschool programs. A descriptive method was applied as well as a procedure for content analysis of program documents. Research results confirm that the elements of the first preschool programs, which remain relevant until today, can be recognized in contemporary preschool programs. They are related to target orientations, principles and functions of preschool education. However, these ideas are defined as contemporary tendencies, and the fact that they existed in preschool programs that were developed a long time ago is unjustly ignored.
The Specific of Scholar Dropout in Students’ Opinion
Authors: Blândul Valentin Cosmin , Bradea Adela
Published: August 2016

In the present days, education has a crucial role for development of contemporary society, because, in this way, it can perpetuate itself and can transmit, from a generation to the next one, the accumulated experience about humanity and reality. Considerate as a “Key-factor” for progress, the educational process from learning institutions can provide well-prepared labour work for all domains of activity and stimulate the intellectual curiosity, adapted capacity, creativity and innovation as well. Unfortunately, not every pupil (and their family) could understand the importance of formal education for their personal / professional development and for the progress of society. But from personal, social or economical reasons, many pupils prefer to leave the school before to graduate it with diploma. In the present study, we intend to analyze the pupils’ attitude regarding to formal education in connection with teaching / learning activity, inter-personal relationship with colleagues or professors, so on and also, we try to identify some solutions for helping pupils to remain in school until they graduate with diploma. The sample was composed by 500 pupils who study in secondary level from 5 schools from Bihor county, Romania. The instrument was represented by a questionnaire composed from 37 items and the period of research was during the present academic year (2011 / 2012). The results of our study prove that, if pupils would be more involved in taking decision at their school level, or in didactic process and if they get any economic support, are increasing the chance for them to stay in educational system and be able to invest personal effort and material resources in their life development.
Adolescents Perceptions of Health Education in Secondary Schools: The Need for a Dialectical, Practical and Transcultural Proposal
Authors: Cala Verónica C. , Soriano-Ayala Encarnación , González Antonio J.
Published: August 2016

Health education in Spanish schools is still considered as a controversial subject, which Educational laws and programs have always faced ambiguously. This report presents adolescents’ opinion about health education in their schools. In particular, which curricular and extracurricular aspects are being developed, and which strengths and problems related to health education they identify in their educational centers. Based on the situational analysis, we make a quick diagnosis of the state in which health education stands, in order to find a starting point for the improvement. We conducted 15 depth interviews with Romanian and Spanish students in 3 teaching centers of the South of Spain. The qualitative analysis of data was carried out using Atlas Ti, version 7. The results show that participants do not consider schools as the main source of health learning, while family, peers and technologies are seen as more significant agents. In secondary schools, most of the information related to health is received through outside educational programs, and it is seen as ineffective because they are partial, merely informative and not continuous over time. The main health problems in secondary schools identified were stress and bullying, and we may consider as relevant the existence of discrimination based on origin or precedence. Furthermore, participants provide an essentialized, stereotyped and inferior vision of health in other foreign continents (Africa) and religions (Islam). Adolescents portrays a School far from health, with a traditional health education model and a biomedical conception of health. This scenario suggest a need to bring back the Perugia School approach based on developing dialectical, praxiological and transcultural methodologies and where students could get involved and participate in their own health learning.
Compliance Issues in Higher Education
Authors: Benedek Petra
Published: August 2016

Efficiency in the 1980’s, quality in the 1990’s, compliance in the 2010’s - private sector management techniques and mechanisms find their way to public services. This paper facilitates the understanding of how compliance management controls can improve operations and prevent or detect failure or wrongdoing. The last few years’ empirical research and benchmark studies demonstrate how organizations are confused about the use of compliance controls. In brief, better organized and integrated IT controls generally lead to better compliance all over the business.
Reconstruction and appraisal of Akunu–Akoko area iron ore deposits using geological and magnetic approaches
Authors: Okpoli Cyril , Akingboye Adedibu
Published: August 2016

Geological mapping and magnetic methods were applied for the exploration of iron ore deposits in the Akunu–Akoko area of Southwestern Nigeria for the purpose of evaluating their geological characteristics and resource potentials. A proton magnetometer measures the vertical, horizontal and total magnetic intensities in gammas. The subsurface geology was interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. The downward continuations and second vertical derivatives, the small-sized mineralised bodies and shallow features in the study area were mapped. The faults are trending in the following directions: NE–SW, NW–SE, N–S and E–W groups, while the iron ore mineralisation is structurally controlled by two major groups of fault trends, namely, the NE–SW and NW–SE; the N–S and E–W groups are mere occurrences that do not contribute to the structural control of the iron ore mineralisation in Akunu.

The upward continuation has a linear feature similar to the principal orientation of the regional faults, while Locations 2 and 3 have relatively high magnetic susceptibility zones; suspected to be iron ore deposits. The depths to the magnetic sources ranged from 25 m to about 250 m.
Regional turbidites and turbiditic environments developed during Neogene and Quaternary in Croatia
Authors: Malvić Tomislav
Published: August 2016

The Croatian Neogene and Quaternary depositional sequences preserve a record of several different depositional environments with turbidite successions. These are turbiditic systems developed during the Late Miocene in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System and during the Pliocene and Pleistocene in the northern Adriatic Sea. The shape, salinity and depths of depositional areas were significantly different in these two depressional areas, but both were fed mostly with Alpine detritus. Neogene turbidites with lacustrine pelitic sedimentation formed thick heterogeneous sequences of sandstones and marls (totalling several hundreds to some thousands of metres in thickness in different depressional parts) of Upper Miocene age in Northern Croatia. By contrast, Pliocene and especially Pleistocene turbidites of the northern Adriatic were deposited in a marine environment where the total thickness of sand and clay sequences can reach up to several thousand metres. In both cases, individual sandy or sandstone turbiditic sequences (events) can reach several tens of metres in thickness. These turbidite clastic sediments are important hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Hydrogeophysical investigation of groundwater potential and aquifer vulnerability prediction in basement complex terrain – A case study from Akure, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinrinade Opeyemi J. , Adesina Rasheed B.
Published: August 2016

This study provides a model for the prediction of groundwater potential and vulnerability of basement aquifers in parts of Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. Hydrogeophysical surveys involving very-low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling and electrical resistivity (ER) sounding, as well as evaluation of hydraulic gradient using three-point method, were carried out. Ten VLF-EM reconnaissance survey traverses, with lengths ranging from 55 m to 75 m, at 10 m station separation, and 12 vertical electrical sounding (VES) stations were occupied. Two-dimensional map of the filtered real component reveals areas of high conductivity, indicative of linear features that can serve as a reservoir or conduit for fluid flow. Interpretation of the VES results delineates three to four geoelectric units. Two aquifer zones were identified, with resistivity values in the ranges of 20 Ωm to 310 Ωm and 100 Ωm to 3,000 Ω m, respectively. Transverse resistance, longitudinal conductance, coefficient of anisotropy and hydraulic gradient have values ranging from 318.2 Ωm2 to 1,041.8 Ωm2, 0.11 mhos to 0.39 mhos, 1.04 to 1.74 and 0.017 to 0.05, respectively. The results of this study identified two prospective borehole locations and the optimum position to site the proposed septic system, based on the aquifer’s protective capacity and groundwater flow properties.
Internal Combustion Engine Powered by Synthesis Gas from Pyrolysed Plastics
Authors: Chríbik Andrej , Polóni Marián , Lach Ján , Jančošek Ľubomír , Kunc Peter , Zbranek Josef
Published: August 2016

The article discusses the application of synthesis gas from pyrolysis of plastics in petrol engine. The appropriate experimental measurements were performed on a combustion engine LGW 702 designated for micro-cogeneration unit. The power parameters, economic parameters in term of brake specific fuel consumption, and internal parameters of the engine were compared to the engine running on the reference fuel - natural gas and synthesis gas. Burning synthesis gas leads to decreased performance by about 5% and to increased mass hourly consumption by 120 %. In terms of burning, synthesis gas has similar properties as natural gas. Compared with [5] a more detailed study has been prepared on the effects of angle of spark advance on the engine torque, giving more detailed assessment of engine cycle variability and considering specification of start and end of combustion in the logarithm p-V diagram.
Comparison of the Viscous Liquids Spraying by the OIG and the Oil Configurations of an Effervescent Atomizer at Low Inlet Pressures
Authors: Mlkvik Marek , Olšiak Róbert , Smolar Marek
Published: August 2016

In this work we studied the influence of the fluid injection configuration (OIG: outside-in-gas, OIL: outside-in-liquid) on the internal flows and external sprays parameters. We sprayed the viscous aqueous maltodextrin solutions (μ = 60 mPa·s) at a constant inlet pressure of the gas and the gas to the liquid mass flow ratio (GLR) within the range 2.5 to 20%. We found that the fluids injection has a crucial influence on the internal flows. The internal flows patterns for the OIG atomizer were the slug flows, the internal flow of the OIL device was annular which led to the significant improvement of the spray quality: Smaller droplets, faster atomization, fewer pulsations.
BANKACILIKTA İLİŞKİSEL PAZARLAMA FAALİYETLERİNİN, TEKRAR SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNDE İLİŞKİSEL KALİTE ALGISININ ARACILIK ROLÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILMAZ Özer
Published: August 2016

Bu çalışma bankaların kullandığı ilişkisel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin, müşterilerin tekrar satın alma niyetleri üzerindeki etkisinin ve bu etkide ilişkisel kalite algısının aracılık rolünün tespitini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler Balıkesir il merkezinde482 kişi üzerine uygulanan bir anket sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden ve PLS algoritmasına dayanan yapısal eşitlik modellemesinden (PLS-SEM) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda bankaların kullandığı ilişkisel pazarlama faaliyetlerininmüşterilerin tekrar satın alma eğilimlerini pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı şekilde etkilediği ve bu ilişkide müşterilerin ilişkisel kalite algısının tam aracılık etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Social isolation induces autophagy in the mouse mammary gland: link to increased mammary cancer risk
Authors: Sumis Allison , Cook Katherine L , Andrade Fabia O , Hu Rong , Kidney Emma , Zhang Xiyuan , Kim Dominic , Carney Elissa , Nguyen Nguyen , Yu Wei , Bouker Kerrie B , Cruz Idalia , Clarke Robert , Hilakivi-Clarke Leena
Published: August 2016

Social isolation is a strong predictor of early all-cause mortality and consistently increases breast cancer risk in both women and animal models. Because social isolation increases body weight, we compared its effects to those caused by a consumption of obesity-inducing diet (OID) in C57BL/6 mice. Social isolation and OID impaired insulin and glucose sensitivity. In socially isolated, OID-fed mice (I-OID), insulin resistance was linked to reducedPpargexpression and increased neuropeptide Y levels, but in group-housed OID fed mice (G-OID), it was linked to increased leptin and reduced adiponectin levels, indicating that the pathways leading to insulin resistance are different. Carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly higher in I-OID mice than in the other groups, but cancer risk was also increased in socially isolated, control diet-fed mice (I-C) and G-OID mice compared with that in controls. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling (GRP78; IRE1) was upregulated in the mammary glands of OID-fed mice, but not in control diet-fed, socially isolated I-C mice. In contrast, expression of BECLIN1, ATG7 and LC3II were increased, and p62 was downregulated by social isolation, indicating increased autophagy. In the mammary glands of socially isolated mice, but not in G-OID mice, mRNA expressions of p53 and the p53-regulated autophagy inducerDram1were upregulated, and nuclear p53 staining was strong. Our findings further indicated that autophagy and tumorigenesis were not increased in Atg7+/−mice kept in social isolation and fed OID. Thus, social isolation may increase breast cancer risk by inducing autophagy, independent of changes in body weight.
Evaluation and Management of Children and Adolescents With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part I: Common Clinical Challenges of Patients With Mental Health and/or Behavioral Emergencies
Authors: Chun Thomas H. , Mace Sharon E. , Katz Emily R. ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS,   PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMITTEE, Shook Joan E. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , Conway Edward E. , Dudley Nanette C. , Fuchs Susan M. , Lane Natalie E. , Macias Charles G. , Moore Brian R. , Wright Joseph L. , Benjamin Lee S. , Barata Isabel A. , Alade Kiyetta , Arms Joseph , Avarello Jahn T. , Baldwin Steven , Brown Kathleen , Cantor Richard M. , Cohen Ariel , Dietrich Ann Marie , Eakin Paul J. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Gerardi Michael , Graham Charles J. , Holtzman Doug K. , Hom Jeffrey , Ishimine Paul , Jinivizian Hasmig , Joseph Madeline , Mehta Sanjay , Ojo Aderonke , Paul Audrey Z. , Pauze Denis R. , Pearson Nadia M. , Rosen Brett , Russell W. Scott , Saidinejad Mohsen , Sloas Harold A. , Schwartz Gerald R. , Swenson Orel , Valente Jonathan H. , Waseem Muhammad , Whiteman Paula J. , Woolridge Dale
Published: August 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed February 2022.
Evaluation and Management of Children With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part II: Recognition of Clinically Challenging Mental Health Related Conditions Presenting With Medical or Uncertain Symptoms
Authors: Chun Thomas H. , Mace Sharon E. , Katz Emily R. ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine,   AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, Shook Joan E. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , Conway Edward E. , Dudley Nanette C. , Fuchs Susan M. , Lane Natalie E. , Macias Charles G. , Moore Brian R. , Wright Joseph L. , Benjamin Lee S. , Alade Kiyetta , Arms Joseph , Avarello Jahn T. , Baldwin Steven , Barata Isabel A. , Brown Kathleen , Cantor Richard M. , Cohen Ariel , Dietrich Ann Marie , Eakin Paul J. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Gerardi Michael , Graham Charles J. , Holtzman Doug K. , Hom Jeffrey , Ishimine Paul , Jinivizian Hasmig , Joseph Madeline , Mehta Sanjay , Ojo Aderonke , Paul Audrey Z. , Pauze Denis R. , Pearson Nadia M. , Rosen Brett , Russell W. Scott , Saidinejad Mohsen , Schwartz Gerald R. , Sloas Harold A. , Swenson Orel , Valente Jonathan H. , Waseem Muhammad , Whiteman Paula J. , Woolridge Dale
Published: August 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed February 2022.
Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns
Authors: Feldman-Winter Lori , Goldsmith Jay P. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN,   TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
Published: August 2016

Skin-to-skin care (SSC) and rooming-in have become common practice in the newborn period for healthy newborns with the implementation of maternity care practices that support breastfeeding as delineated in the World Health Organization’s “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.” SSC and rooming-in are supported by evidence that indicates that the implementation of these practices increases overall and exclusive breastfeeding, safer and healthier transitions, and improved maternal-infant bonding. In some cases, however, the practice of SSC and rooming-in may pose safety concerns, particularly with regard to sleep. There have been several recent case reports and case series of severe and sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in the neonatal period among otherwise healthy newborns and near fatal or fatal events related to sleep, suffocation, and falls from adult hospital beds. Although these are largely case reports, there are potential dangers of unobserved SSC immediately after birth and throughout the postpartum hospital period as well as with unobserved rooming-in for at-risk situations. Moreover, behaviors that are modeled in the hospital after birth, such as sleep position, are likely to influence sleeping practices after discharge. Hospitals and birthing centers have found it difficult to develop policies that will allow SSC and rooming-in to continue in a safe manner. This clinical report is intended for birthing centers and delivery hospitals caring for healthy newborns to assist in the establishment of appropriate SSC and safe sleep policies.
Success Assesment of Patients Rehabilitated with Removable Prosthesis
Authors: Valverde DDS Anabelle , Fernández DDS, MSc Otton , Vargas DDS, MSc Tatiana
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the level of patient satisfaction with dentures rehabilitated a the School of Dentistry, from 2011 to 2013, using the OHIP-49 instrument, OHIP-19 edent and WHO criteria for oral health surveys. Materials and Methods: A previously validated survey instrument was applied by telephone to a sample of 152 patients from the University of Costa Rica. Correlation coefficients and logistic regression were carried out in order to correlate socio-demographic characteristics with general and specific satisfaction levels. Results: the general satisfaction generated by the patient on a scale of 1 to 10 was 9.3. Satisfaction derived from specific categories was 8.54, with factors such as mastication and daily use without pain being the less satisfactory. The lower dentures were the least accepted in factors such as mastication and free use of pain. By applying the correlation coefficient, high and positive relationship was found related to mastication. Logistic regression found that patients older than 56, who do not exercise and drink alcohol, are more likely to generate lower levels of satisfaction. Conclusions: The percentage of overall satisfaction of patients rehabilitated with dentures was above 85%. Less satisfactory qualities were mastication and daily use without the presence of pain.
Antibacterial Efficacy of a Dispersion of Silver Nanoparticles in Citrate Medium for the Treatment of E. faecalis: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Rodríguez DDS Silvia , Ramírez DDS, MSc Tatiana , Montero DDS, MSc Mauricio , Chaparía DDS, MSc, PhD Daniel , Valle PhD Grettel , Rojas MSc Norman
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to measure the antibacterial efficacy of a dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in a citrate medium tested in two E. faecalis strains. AgNP were synthesized, and AgNP citrate medium (AgNP-CM) dispersion was prepared at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The antibacterial efficacy of AgNP-CM dispersion was evaluated over two E. faecalis strains: ATCC29212 and a wild strain collected from human necrotic teeth. 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sterile saline solution were used as positive and negative controls. 5 and 30-minute contact tests were conducted and each experimental group were replicated 10 times. After 24 hours of incubation, the Log CFU/mL were calculated. The AgNP obtained showed spherical shapes and had 30-60nm size. 5% NaOCl was able to completely eliminate both E. faecalis strains in all groups, showing a significant statistical difference when compared to AgNP-CM dispersion and negative control groups. AgNP-CM dispersion showed a statistically significant decrease in Log CFU/mL averages (p=0,0006) when compared to the sterile saline solution for the ATCC29212 strain during the 30-minute time. Between the 5-minute and 30-minute groups, a significant bacterial count decrease was also observed (p= 0,0128). The antibacterial efficacy of the dispersion was greater for the ATCC29212 strain than the wild strain, were the effect diminished. AgNP-CM dispersion showed a significantly lower antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis than the 5% NaOCl at the tested times.
Triclosan in Toothpaste, Is There Any Real Risk for the Health?
Authors: García C.D. Gabriela , Sánchez C.D., M.C. Alejandra , Galindo C.D., M.C., PhD. Edith , Cerda C.D., M.C., PhD. Bernardino
Published: August 2016

Triclosan is an antimicrobial drug that is widely used in products for human hygiene, beauty and home cleanliness. It is a common compound in toothpaste that have showed efficacy on the control and treatment of gingivitis. However, during the last decade, the triclosan has been extensively investigated because of its cytotoxicity, its ability to disturb cellular mechanisms on endocrine-system cells, and because of its cancerogenic in vitro and in vivo properties. Moreover, public opinion has paid attention to the toxic action of the triclosan. Thus, the dentist should know the state of the art about the detrimental effects of triclosan on patients’ health. This review explores the triclosan on its cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo cancerogenic effects, absorption in humans, and the toxic effects caused by triclosan toothpaste.
Color Selection and Reproduction in Dentistry Part 2: Light Dynamics in Natural Teeth
Authors: Schmeling DDS, MS, PhD Max
Published: August 2016

In the first article of this trilogy, it was demonstrated the great importance of the light source in the chromatic procedures and also the chromatic characteristics of color communication proposed by Munsell.  In this second article, the focus is in Geometric Attributes and Optical Properties of natural teeth. The main features of translucency, opalescence and fluorescence will be described. According to the interaction of light with natural dental tissues, the desired optical qualities of the esthetic restorative materials will be associated.
Push-Out Bond Strength of Quartz Fiber Posts Luted with Self-Adhesive and Conventional Resin Cements
Authors: Cardoso DDS, MSD, PhD Luiz , Araújo DDS, MSD, PhD Élito , Ramírez DDS, MSD, PhD Juan
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the resin cement on push-out bond strength of quartz fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. Fifty-six single-rooted human teeth were selected. After removing the crown, roots were endodontically treated and the dowel spaces were prepared with # 2 post drills of DT Ligth® SL Post System (VDW®). The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14). Group 1: RelyX™ Unicem (3M ESPE), Group 2: Clearfil ™ SA Cement (Kuraray), Group 3: Bifix SE (Voco), and G4 RelyX™ ARC (3M ESPE). After 24 h, 12 specimens of each group were sectioned in 6 slices with 1 mm of thickness, two of each radicular third. The push-out test was conducted in an Instron machine at 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Fractured specimens were observed at 25X to evaluate the types of failures. Two specimens of each group were processed for SEM evaluation. The Mean values (MPa) for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were respectively: 11.06, 8.85, 8.37 and 13.36. All experimental groups showed higher values of resistance in the cervical third, while the lowest were in the apical third. Adhesive failures between cement and dentin (46.87 %) prevailed, followed by mixed failures (45.15 %). SEM photomicrographs illustrating the interface formed between the self-adhesive resin cements and dentin showed an interface without the formation of a hybrid layer. G4 showed the formation of a thick and homogeneous hybrid layer with resin tags. The conventional resin cement associated with a three-step adhesive system displayed the higher bond strength to intraradicular dentin, when compared to the different self-adhesive resin cements.
New species and nomenclatural notes in Pabstiella (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Brazil
Authors: Toscano de Brito Antonio L. V. , Luer Carlyle A.
Published: August 2016

Two new species, Pabstiella calimanii and Pabstiella recurviloba, are described and illustrated. One new combination, Pabstiella deltoglossa, is proposed. Eight species and one variety are proposed as synonyms. They are listed in alphabetical order: Pabstiella avenacea, P. leucosepala and Pleurothallis mathildae as synonyms of Pabstiella elegantula; Pabstiella cipoensis as a synonym of P. pristeoglossa; Pleurothallis magnicalcarata and Pabstiella mentigera as synonyms of P. calcarata; Pabstiella pterophora and Pleurothallis pterophora var. minor as synonyms of Pabstiella leucopyramis, and Pabstiella podoglossa as a synonym of P. versicolor. Lectotypes are selected for four species: Pleurothallis avenacea, P. mentigera, P. pristeoglossa and P. pterophora. An epitype is selected for Pleurothallis pristeoglossa. Illustrations and taxonomic discussions are also provided.
An integrated strategy for the conservation and sustainable use of native Vanilla species in Colombia
Authors: Flanagan Nicola S. , Mosquera-Espinosa Ana Teresa
Published: August 2016

The natural vanilla essence is obtained principally from the fruits of the species Vanilla planifolia, a member of the Vanilla aromatic clade, and native to the neo-tropics. Colombia is an important center of diversity for the genus with 22 Vanilla species reported, of which 18 belong to the aromatic clade. Colombian native Vanilla species comprise important genetic resources for the vanilla crop. Although there is no tradition of cultivation of vanilla in the country, these species have potential for establishment in sustainable agroforestry systems. Nonetheless, Vanilla, like many orchid species, is subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic conservation threats. This article outlines an integrated strategy for conservation, incorporating in situ, ex situ and circa situm measures to ensure the conservation of Vanilla species in Colombia, and to promote their sustainable use in community-based cultivation programs. This proposed strategy is also relevant for conservation managers in other countries with native Vanilla species.
Recent advances on evolution of pollination systems and reproductive biology of Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Pansarin Emerson R.
Published: August 2016

Vanilloideae as currently circumscribed comprises nine genera and two tribes: Vanilleae and Pogonieae. The pantropical genus Vanilla has been frequently assumed to be natural on the basis of its climbing habit and lateral inflorescences. However, the inclusion of the rare Dictyophyllaria dietschiana in phylogenetic analyses makes the genus Vanilla paraphyletic. Within Pogonieae, phylogenetic analyses show that inclusion of Pogoniopsis turns the tribe paraphyletic. All analyses reveal that Pogoniopsis is closely related to members of Epidendroideae. Members of Pogonieae are pollinated by several groups of solitary and social bees, two pollination systems being recognized: reward-producing and deceptive. Molecular phylogeny suggests that the common ancestor to Pogonieae gave rise to two evolutionary lineages: one tropical with a condition of reward production; and one predominantly temperate-invading line with deceptive flowers. Reward-producing flowers characterize South and Central American clade (= Cleistes), while deceptive pollination is prominent in the clade including North American-Asiatic taxa plus Amazonian Duckeella. Species of “orchid bees” have been recorded as pollinators of the genus Vanilla (V. planifolia group and V. pompona group) in the Neotropics. In species of the V. pompona group, these bees are attracted by the fragrance of the flowers. Hummingbirds have been reported to pollinate some species of Vanilla. Vanilla insignis, V. odorata and V. planifolia are known to be pollinated through generalized food deception. Some species of Vanilla yield fruits through spontaneous self-pollination. This form of autogamy has been reported for V. griffithii, V. palmarum, V. planifolia, V. savannarum and V. bicolor. In Brazil, data on the pollination biology of Vanilla are scarce, but conclusive data are available for V. edwallii, which is pollinated by Epicharis (Apidae: Centridini). This species is rewardless, but male Epicharis are attracted to its flowers by their fragrance. Additionally, the Brazilian V. dubia and E. sclerophyllum are pollinated by bees. The mentum region of V. dubia and V. edwallii is dry, whereas that of E. sclerophyllum presents a small quantity of nectar. Flowers of E. sclerophyllum are scentless, while those of V. dubia are odoriferous. Vanilla dubia and V. edwallii are self-compatible and need a pollinator to yield fruits. In contrast, Epistephium sclerophyllum sets fruits through spontaneous self-pollination, but biotic pollination also occurs. Both species are primarily adapted to pollination by euglossine bees. Pollination by Euglossini seems to have evolved at least twice along the evolution of Vanilleae. Furthermore, shifts between rewarding and rewardless flowers and between autogamous and allogamous species have been reported among vanillas.
Efecto del herbicida glisofato en hongos endófitos de raíz y keikis de Epidendrum melinanthum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Perea-Morera Erika , Otero Joel Tupac
Published: August 2016

El uso de herbicidas ha tenido un impacto grande sobre la producción agrícola y sin duda ha aumentado la producción en muchas cosechas. Desafortunadamente, la aplicación de herbicidas puede tener efectos negativos sobre otras especies nativas aledañas al cultivo. Con el fin de establecer si el herbicida glifosato afecta negativamente a la orquídea terrestre Epidendrum melinanthum y sus hongos endófitos aislados de la raíz, se evaluaron tres dosis de Round Up® en keikis y en hongos endófitos previamente aislados. Las dosis de aplicación se determinaron a partir de la utilizada para la maduración en caña de azúcar (1.5 l/Ha equivalentes a 544.5 g de glifosato/l) de la siguiente manera: a) control (sin herbicida), b) dosis de aplicación en caña de un décimo y c) una centésima parte de la dosis de maduración. Se observó en keikis el cambio de coloración en tallo y en hojas, adicional a la caída de las mismas. El Round Up generó afectación en uno de los tres hongos estudiados en forma de un halo de inhibición. Se concluye, que el glifosato afecta negativamente las estructuras foliares de los keikis de manera rápida al aplicar el herbicida sobre las hojas, en adición a la inhibición de un hongos endófitos de Epidendrum melinanthum. Estos aspectos sugieren el potencial negativo del herbicida sobre la especie estudiada y su microflora asociada.
Determinants of orchid species diversity in Latin America
Authors: Štípková Zuzana , Traxmandlová Iva , Kindlmann Pavel
Published: August 2016

Area and latitude are thought to be the most important determinants of species richness. The relative importance of these two factors was recently tested, using data on orchid species diversity in various countries in the world and it was found that size of the country (or of the protected areas within the country) is a better determinant of species diversity in orchids than latitude. On the other hand, literature data indicate that in many groups species richness is also heavily dependent on habitat diversity as expressed by the range of altitudes in the region considered. Here we analyze the species richness data for various countries in Latin America, using the above-mentioned altitudinal amplitude as a proxy. Habitat diversity played a role in tropical, but not in temperate countries. The reason may indicate that in the temperate countries only few orchid species grow in higher elevations, so an increase of altitudinal range of habitats there does not entail a corresponding increase of species richness there. Thus, especially in the tropics, efforts should be directed to preservation of protected areas in all altitudes, rather than to increase of existing reserve size only in areas that are not attractive for human development.
Laboratory experience with the liaison analyzer in the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
Authors: Benedek Orsolya , Podbielski Andreas , Warnke Philipp
Published: August 2016

Background

Chemiluminescent or enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassays are commonly used to diagnose Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Methods

The LIAISON analyzer (DiaSorin, Italy) was compared to miniVIDAS (bioMérieux, France) and, furthermore, to culture of toxigenic strains. In total, 249 native stool samples were analyzed. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were investigated. Furthermore, performance under routine conditions was assessed.

Results

The glutamate dehydrogenase chemiluminescent immunoassay (GDH-CLIA) assay revealed a high sensitivity and negative predictive value. The toxins A&B assays exhibited approximately the same low sensitivity and high specificity. Technical drawbacks experienced with the LIAISON analyzer in 48% of the analyses considerably delayed the time to the first diagnostic report and interfered with laboratory routine workflow.

Conclusion

The analytical performance of the investigated platforms should be reflected in the context of implementation into the laboratory workflow.
New HybridLab Training Method of Clinical Skills Learning in Neonatology: Students’ Opinion
Authors: Kudreviciene Ausrele , Nadisauskiene Ruta Jolanta , Tameliene Rasa , Garcinskiene Jurgita , Nedzelskiene Irena , Tamelis Algimantas , Dobozinskas Paulius , Vaitkaitis Dinas
Published: August 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: To improve the training process and its results, we used a novel method of studies of medicine in a hybrid laboratory (HybridLab). The aim of the HybridLab training method is to develop standardized practical skills and to improve long-term memory. We created a peer-teaching model that included e-learning modules combined with online checklist-driven skills and decision flowcharts that started with simple steps and progressively worked towards complex simulation scenarios. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' opinion about initial neonatal resuscitation (INR) training by applying the HybridLab method. Methods: We analyzed how fifth-year medical students of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS) Medical Academy evaluated their initial neonatal resuscitation (INR) knowledge before and after the training cycle by using a standardized evaluation questionnaire (a 7-point Likert scale), and conducted a qualitative study using the in-depth unstructured interview technique. Results: The mean evaluation of INR knowledge before the training cycle was 3.19±1.92 points, and after the cycle - 6.84±0.44 points. The overall score of the evaluation of the respondents' knowledge increased by 3.77±1.9 points (p<0.001). In total, 34.6 % of the respondents presented positive evaluations of the HybridLab method, whereas 15.4 % of the respondents presented negative evaluations. Neutral opinions were presented by 19.7 % of the respondents, and 19.7 % of the students did not have an opinion. Conclusions: The HybridLab training method may increase students' satisfaction with the training process, may improve their self-confidence, and may ensure the quality of the acquisition of practical skills.
A Touchy Subject: Can Physicians Improve Value by Discussing Costs and Clinical Benefits With Patients?
Authors: Wollins Dana S. , Zafar S. Yousuf
Published: August 2016

A dramatic rise in the costs of health care—and cancer care in particular—has occurred over the last decade. Increasingly, these costs are being passed on to patients in the form of cost sharing, which can have a catastrophic effect on the financial well-being of patients and their families. This article advises physicians on the importance of patient-provider interaction about costs as a means to improving value in cancer care.
Europeana as a Resource for Social Scientists in Agriculture and Food: A Europeana Cloud Case Study
Authors: Stavrakaki Maritina , Manouselis Nikos , Protonotarios Vassilis , Kontogiannis Thodoris , Kastrantas Kostas , Katsivelis Panagis , Siokas Panagiotis
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we explore how we may give researchers from different disciplines new tools to enrich and use the data that are made discoverable and accessible through Europeana, the digital cultural aggregator of Europe. This paper presents a use case where selected content from Europeana is used as a resource for Social Scientists working in the agriculture and food domain. The process starts with the profiling and the identification of content requirements of the research community of the Greek Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AGRERI) to the enrichment of its library with quality content from Europeana and the development of a discovery microsite for AGRERI, providing access to the aforementioned selected content. The paper presents the connection of this content with AGINFRA, the data infrastructure for European agricultural research. This paper aims to showcase how researchers working in completely different disciplines may discover and exploit data sets of interest to them, from the vast amount of resources available through Europeana. By using these resources, agricultural (and not only) researchers can investigate various topics using different scientific methods and tools, thus making multi-disciplinary agriculture research more useful and meaningful.
"CEMITÉRIO E NATUREZA": MITOS DAS ÁGUAS AMAZÔNICAS...
Authors: Simões Maria Do Socorro
Published: August 2016

As narrativas populares da Amazônia paraense trazem a marca indissociável da região, sinalizada pela particular presença de um rio de uma floresta detentores de partes significativas do encanto desta paisagem. O texto privilegia uma discursão em que a água é o elemento mais impressivo, aliado,  em particular ao sentido de morte.
MEMÓRIA DE OFÍCIO: O BATALHO EM ABAETETUBA
Authors: Silva Hiléia Lúcia Gama da , Rodrigues João Rosemildo da S. , Chagas Lindalva Soares das , Cordeiro Roni Macedo
Published: August 2016

O Núcleo de Pesquisa do Campus do Baixo Tocantins apresenta como trabalho inicial o estudo de um dos mais sigulares ofícios abaetetubenses: o batalho. Buscando registrar suas origens na dinâmica da cidade e das perspectivas emergentes.
UM ESTUDO POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE DOS RELATOS VERBAIS DE PROFESORES SOBRE SUAS DIFICULDADES NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS EM ABAETETUTBA-PA
Authors: Pinheiro George Alberto Silva
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de um projeto de Mestrado, originado e derivado do projeto Desencanta Tocantons. O objetivo central era verificar através do método do relato verbal, se os docentes tomam consciência, aprendem e passam a refletir sobre como se apropriam de suas próprias dificuldades acadêmicas e/ou sobre quais estratégias sugerem ou as metodologia que fazem uso no cotidiano escolar nas séries inicias do ensino Fundametal.