bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Allosteric Regulation of Catalysis by Effector Switching in a Pt2L4 Cage
Authors: Ashbridge Zoe , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: January 2025

The complexity of allosteric enzymatic regulation continues to inspire synthetic chemists seeking to emulate interconnected biological systems. In this work, a Pt2L4 cage capable of catalyzing the cyclization reaction of an alkynoic tosyl amide is orthogonally coupled to a diacid‐catalyzed carbodiimide‐hydration cycle. This new Pt‐catalyzed cyclization reaction is demonstrated to exhibit electronic regulation by inclusion of different guest effectors. The orthogonal diacid‐catalyzed carbodiimide hydration cycle produces transiently diverse guests that influence the rate of the Pt‐catalyzed cyclization reaction to different extents. Further complexity can be introduced to the system through displacing the transiently‐formed, weakly bound anhydride guest with the stronger binding fumaronitrile, affecting the catalytic rate to a larger extent for the duration of the orthogonal reaction cycle. The modulation of a Pt‐catalyzed cyclization reaction can thus be regulated transiently over the course of the reaction— either up‐ or down‐regulating the turnover frequency (TOF)—via coupling with a temporally controllable orthogonal process. This study demonstrates that principles of allosteric enzymatic regulation can also be applied to simple artificial systems.
Monomer Design Enables Mechanistic Mapping of Anionic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Aromatic Thionolactones
Authors: Zheng Shaoqiu , Chen Shu‐Sen , Li Yang‐Yang , Liao Minjian , Liang Xuhui , Li Ke , Li Xiaopeng , Hu Jinming , Chen Dian‐Feng
Published: January 2025

Degradable chalcogenide polyesters, e.g., polythioesters (PTEs), typically exhibit improved thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of thionolactones, an intrinsically promising yet underexplored approach to accessing PTEs, however, is still limited by: intolerance of metal catalysts, inadequate control over chain growth, and the absence of aromatic system. Monomer design‐boosted mechanistic studies may address the above challenges. Here, we present a new and highly reactive thionolactone synthesized from 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diol (BINOL). Our investigations into polymerization kinetics and thermodynamics have underscored the importance of rapid initiation, eventually leading to the discovery of tetrabutylammonium 2‐naphthyl‐thiocarboxylate as a distinctive initiator that enables genuinely controlled and living polymerization of thionolactones. Ultimately, the atropisomerism inherent in BINOL has resulted in the creation of axially chiral PTE materials with tailored molecular weights, enantiomeric compositions, and topologies.
Degradation of Bisphenol A and Pyrocatechol in the Photocatalytic System in the Presence of Fe3O4@SiO2@PAEDTC‐Doped MIL‐101 (Fe) Under Visible and UV and Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Al‐Musawi Tariq J. , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Rahimpoor Razzagh , Balarak Davoud
Published: January 2025

In this investigation, a novel core‐shell photocatalyst, denoted as Fe3O4@SiO2/PAEDTC (FSP)‐doped MIL‐101 (Fe) (FSPM), was synthesized through the sol–gel method and applied for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and pyrocatechol (PCT) in aqueous solutions. Various analytical techniques were employed to assess the characteristics of the core‐shell photocatalyst. The resultant nanocomposite displayed specific attributes, including a saturation magnetization of 12 emu/g, a pore size of 1.35 nm, and a surface area of 992 m2/g, allowing for facile separation using a magnetic field. The optimal conditions for achieving highest BPA (%94.2) and PCT (%100) degradation efficiencies were found to be a pH of 7, 50 mg/L pollutant, a nanocomposite quantity of 0.8 g/L, and a radiation intensity of 8 W after 1 h. The BOD5/COD (biological oxygen demand during 5 days/chemical oxygen demand) ratio exceeded 0.4, accompanied by total organic carbon (TOC) and COD removal rates surpassing 85%. The tests conducted on scavenging suggested the formation of •OH, hole, and electron in the studied system. Among these, •OH was found to be the foremost species responsible for degrading BPA and PCT. Stability tests revealed that the photocatalyst could be recycled with a minimal reduction of only 7% during five reaction steps. The energy consumed by the system during different reactions ranged from 10.2 to 27.1 kWh/m3 for BPA degradation and from 10.9 to 29.4 kWh/m3 for PCT degradation at time of 10 to 60 min. Finally, the results of this study showed that the use of all three sources of radiation in the photocatalytic process can effectively destroy pollutants.
Elucidation on the Interaction Between Transferrin and Tetrachlorobisphenol A Based on Multispectroscopic Analysis, Molecular Docking Technique, and Conformational Studies
Authors: Feng Yuchuan , Zhang Qiumei , Li Xiting , Zeng Yujing , Wang Yiming , Zhang Lanfang , Tian Miaomiao , Chi Baozhu , Guo Hui
Published: January 2025

Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) is a kind of fire retardant extensively used in our life, but it can accumulate in organisms and potentially have toxic effects. Transferrin (TF) is a glycoprotein predominantly present in the blood plasma, serving as an essential mediator for the transportation of iron and other small molecules. In our study, various techniques including multi‐spectroscopic and molecular docking were employed to examine the interaction between TCBPA and TF. The TF–TCBPA complex was formed with the binding constant (Ka) in 2.181 ± 0.035 × 104 M−1 at 298 K. ΔH and ΔS were all negative, which means dominant driving forces were van der Waals forces and H‐bonds. The secondary structure of TF was changed by TCBPA, resulting in a decline in the α‐helix structure, and a corresponding increase in the β‐sheet structure. The molecular docking revealed that TCBPA was positioned within a pocket of TF, and it engaged in interactions with some amino acid residues through different forces. Importantly, the interaction between Tyr426/Asp392/His585 and TCBPA implies that TCBPA potentially interferes with the transportation of iron ions in vivo. All of above results indicated the adverse effects of TCBPA on the TF structure and activity should be more attention.
Avelumab + axitinib treatment in older patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japan: Subgroup analyses of post‐marketing surveillance data by age
Authors: Oya Mototsugu , Ito Taito , Sato Masashi , Morita Makiko , Kajita Masahiro , Nonomura Norio
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Avelumab + axitinib was approved in Japan in December 2019 for the treatment of curatively unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on results from the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial.

Materials and Methods

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of avelumab + axitinib in older patients in general clinical practice in Japan, an ad hoc analysis of data from post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) by age group was conducted.

Results

The analysis population included 328 patients who had received ≥1 dose of avelumab and were enrolled between December 2019 and May 2021. In total, 100 patients (30.5%) were aged ≤64 years, 130 (39.6%) were aged 65–74 years, and 98 (29.9%) were aged ≥75 years. Within these age groups, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of safety specifications of any grade occurred in 46 (46.0%), 71 (54.6%), and 56 (57.1%), and of grade ≥3 in 13 (13.0%), 23 (17.7%), and 20 (20.4%), respectively. The most common ADRs of safety specifications across all age groups were thyroid dysfunction, infusion reactions, and hepatic function disorders. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in any age group; 12‐month OS rates in patients aged ≤64, 65–74, or ≥75 years were 83.8%, 86.2%, and 80.0%, and objective response rates were 31.0%, 43.8%, and 30.6%, respectively.

Discussion

Analyses of PMS data show the safety and effectiveness of avelumab + axitinib across all age groups of patients with RCC in general clinical practice in Japan. The favorable benefit–risk profile was generally consistent with that observed in previous clinical trials.
Transcriptome Concordance Between Borderline Tumors and Endometrioid Carcinoma: An Integrative Genomic Analysis
Authors: Takahashi Mio , Nakamura Kohei , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Okada Chihiro , Nohara Sachio , Takamatsu Reika , Yanazume Shintaro , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Nishihara Hiroshi , Yamagami Wataru
Published: January 2025

Background

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) differ from ovarian carcinomas in their clinical presentation and behavior, yet their molecular characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aims to address this gap by integrating whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to compare BOTs with high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), and clear‐cell carcinoma (CCC).

Objective

To elucidate the molecular features of BOTs and evaluate their similarities and differences in comparison to HGSC, EC, and CCC.

Methods

The study analyzed 44 ovarian tumor samples, employing WES to identify genomic alterations and RNA‐seq to examine transcriptomic profiles. Comparative analyses were conducted to investigate the molecular relationships among the tumor types.

Results

The genomic analysis revealed that BOTs share significant similarities with EC. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data highlighted a novel and substantial similarity between BOTs and EC, suggesting deeper biological linkages, including potentially shared oncogenic pathways or tumor microenvironmental factors. These findings challenge traditional classifications and suggest a closer molecular alignment of BOTs with EC than previously understood.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of BOTs, demonstrating their significant resemblance to EC at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels. These results underscore the potential need to reconsider the molecular classification of ovarian tumors and open new avenues for research into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for BOTs.
Predicting Outcomes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using scRNA‐Seq and Bulk RNA‐Seq: A Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Song Shunzhe , Li Yuqing , Gong Aixia
Published: January 2025

Background

Altered glucose metabolism is a critical characteristic from the beginning stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the phenomenon is presented as a pink‐color sign under endoscopy after iodine staining. Therefore, calculating the metabolic score based on the glucose metabolic gene sets may bring some novel insights, enabling the prediction of prognosis and the identification of treatment choices for ESCC.

Methods

A total of 8, 99, and 140 individuals from The Gene Expression Omnibus database, The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, respectively, were encompassed in the investigation. Patients diagnosed with ESCC after surgery were enrolled for further validation.

Results

A total of 13 kinds of cell clusters were screened, and the squamous epithelium was identified with the highest score. And 558 differential genes were selected from the single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) dataset. Four glucose metabolism‐related genes, namely, SERP1, CTSC, RAP2B, and SSR4, were identified as hub genes to develop a risk prognostic model. The model was validated in another external cohort. According to the risk score (RS) determined by the model, the patients were categorized into low‐ and high‐risk groups (LRG and HRG). Compared with LRG, HRG indicated poor survival and decreased drug sensitivity. Additionally, the immune microenvironment and pathway enrichment were different between the two groups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that hub genes were expressed differently in ESCC tissues, high‐ and low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and adjacent normal tissues.

Conclusion

Four hub genes (SERP1, CTSC, RAP2B, and SSR4) screened based on glucose metabolism developed a predictive model in ESCC patients. The RS was established as an independent risk factor for predicting prognosis. These findings may enhance understanding of ESCC's molecular profile and serve as a new prognostic tool for better patient stratification and treatment planning in clinical practice.
Exploring Cervical Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiological Insights, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges, and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
Authors: Li Shuhui , Liu Congrong , Weng Liang
Published: January 2025

Background

Cervical cancer poses a significant threat to women's health and encompasses various histological types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), cervical adenocarcinoma (CA), and adenosquamous carcinoma. CA, in particular, presents a formidable challenge in clinical management due to its low early detection rate, pronounced aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, and mortality, compounded by the complexities associated with late‐stage treatment. There is limited understanding of the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis mechanisms between CA and SCC, such as tumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME).

Methods

A literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using the following research terms: “gynecological oncology,” “cervical cancer,” “cervical adenocarcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “diagnosis and treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma,” “Human papillomavirus,” “World Health Organization,” “tumor microenvironment,” “single‐cell RNA sequencing,” “molecular mechanism,” and “preclinical research model.”

Conclusion

This review consolidates the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic hurdles, and the latest advances in research on CA. It aims to highlight the significant heterogeneity of the TME characteristics exhibited by CA compared to SCC. Additionally, we also summarize the common preclinical models for CA and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using various models in research. We aspire that the discussions presented herein will offer novel insights and directions for subsequent research, as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for CA.
Polymorphic Single‐Nucleotide Variants in miRNA Genes and the Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer: Combined Evaluation by Pairwise and Network Meta‐Analysis, Thakkinstian's Algorithm and FPRP Criterium
Authors: Liu Qing , Archilla Ivan , Lopez‐Prades Sandra , Torres Ferran , Camps Jordi , Cuatrecasas Miriam
Published: January 2025

Background

Considerable epidemiological studies have examined the correlation between polymorphic single‐nucleotide variants (SNPs) in miRNA genes and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) risk, yielding inconsistent results. Herein, we sought to systematically investigate the association between miRNA‐SNPs and CRC susceptibility by combined evaluation using pairwise and network meta‐analysis, the FPRP analysis (false positive report probability), and the Thakkinstian's algorithm.

Methods

The MEDLINE, EMBASE, WOS, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through May 2024 to find relevant association literatures. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by the pairwise meta‐analysis. Network meta‐analysis and the Thakkinstian's method were applied for determining the potentially optimal genetic models; additionally, the FPRP was used to identify noteworthy associations.

Results

Totally, 39 case–control trials involving 18,028 CRC cases, and 21,816 normal participants were included in the study. Eleven SNPs within nine genes were examined for their predisposition to CRC. miR‐27a (rs895819) was found to significantly increase CRC risk among overall population (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.32–1.89) and Asians (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.31–2.01), with the recessive models identified as the optimal models. Furthermore, miR‐196a2 (rs11614913), miR‐143/145 (rs41291957), and miR‐34b/c (rs4938723) were significantly related to reduced CRC risk among Asian descendants under the optimal dominant (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86), recessive (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.85), and recessive models (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.85), respectively. The results were also proposed by the network meta‐analysis or the Thakkinstian's method and confirmed by the FPRP criterion.

Conclusion

The miR‐27a (rs895819) is correlated with elevated CRC risk among overall population and Asians, and the recessive model is found to be optimal for predicting CRC risk. Additionally, the miR‐196a2 (rs11614913), miR‐143/145 (rs41291957), and miR‐34b/c (rs4938723), with the dominant, recessive, and recessive models identified as the optimal, might confer protective effects against CRC among Asians.
Impact of Soil Factors and Climate on Phytochemical Characteristics of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.
Authors: Zamani Zahra , Tamartash Reza , Heydari Qodratollah , Jelodar Zeinab Jafarian
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of environmental factors on the secondary metabolites of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl., focusing on how soil properties, temperature, and precipitation affect the yield and chemical composition of its essential oils. The research was conducted in two domains within three rangelands in Mazandaran province, Iran. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings indicated significant variations in essential oil yield across the southern domains of all three study areas. Variance analysis revealed that the interaction between area and domain significantly influenced most of the essential oil compositions, with exceptions for α‐copaene, α‐thujene, spathulenol, germacrene‐D, hexadecanoic acid, and cis‐farnesol. The mean comparison demonstrated substantial differences in the compositions of α‐pinene, α‐thujene, myrcene, phytol, and bicyclogermacrene between the northern and southern domains. Furthermore, correlation analysis identified significant relationships between essential oil compositions and various soil factors, such as moisture content, soil stability index, bulk density, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), nitrogen (N), sodium adsorption ratio, silt, clay, and organic matter. However, due to the favorable habitat conditions, no significant correlations were observed between temperature, rainfall, and the essential oil compositions in these areas.
Charge Modification of Lysine Mitigates Amyloid‐β Aggregation
Authors: Kwon HaeMin , Kim JiMin , Park InWook , Ye Suhyun , Park MinSeol , Yang Seung‐Hoon , Kim YoungSoo , Yun Kim Hye
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate into toxic structures such as oligomers, fibrils, and plaques. The presence of these Aβ aggregates in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Understanding how physiological factors affect Aβ aggregation is essential, and therefore, exploring their influence in vitro will likely provide insights into their role in AD pathology. In this study, we investigated the effects of physiological, free amino acids on Aβ aggregation dynamics. We focused on positively charged amino acids, particularly lysine, and employed a chemical modification, methylation, to neutralize its charge. Our analyses revealed that modified lysine significantly reduced Aβ aggregation, indicating that charge distribution of amino acids plays a crucial role in modulating Aβ aggregation behavior. These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory factors influencing Aβ aggregation and highlight important considerations for future research on Aβ.
Probing DNA G‐Quadruplex and I‐Motif Structures Via a Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogue: 4‐Cyanoindole‐2′‐Deoxyribonucleoside
Authors: Li Danqi , Zhuang Bo , Feng Ran‐ran , Gai Feng
Published: January 2025

Since the building blocks of DNA are nonfluorescent, various external fluorescence reporters have been employed to investigate the structure, dynamics, and function of DNA G‐quadruplexes (GQs) and i‐motifs (iMs), which play an important role in gene regulation and expression. However, most of those fluorescence reporters lack the ability to provide site‐specific structural information of interest. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fluorescent nucleoside analogues that can be covalently inserted into oligonucleotides, which not only serve this purpose, but minimize any potential perturbation towards the native structure of the DNA systems in question. Herein, we characterize the spectroscopic utility of a high quantum yield fluorescent nucleoside analogue, 4‐cyanoindole‐2′‐deoxyribonucleoside (4CNI‐NS). We show that (1) incorporation of 4CNI‐NS into various oligonucleotides does not alter their ability to fold into their respective native structures, nor does it affect the overall stability of those structures and (2) the fluorescence property of 4CNI‐NS is sensitive to its local environment, and the fluorescence intensity and decay kinetics of the 4CNI‐NS‐containing oligonucleotides exhibit a clear dependence on their secondary structure formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that 4CNI‐NS can be used as a sensitive, isomorphic probe in the study of noncanonical DNA structures.
Electrochemical Deconstruction of Waste Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) to Value‐Added Products in Batch and Flow
Authors: Mishra Subhadip , Kar Sourav , Rangappa Raghavendrakumar , Patil Prashant , Kadam Vijay , Chikkali Samir H. , Samanta Ramesh C.
Published: January 2025

Chlorinated polymers have made enormous contributions to materials science and are commercially produced on a large scale. These chlorinated polymers could be recycled as chlorine sources to efficiently produce valuable chlorinated compounds owing to their facile release of HCl. Although the thermal stability of PVDC is low compared to PVC, this can be advantageous in terms of easy and fast dehydrochlorination. Herein, we report an efficient electrochemical chlorination using poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) as a chlorine source that works in an undivided cell and applies to a good number of examples. This method works on commodity polymers such as waste PVDC‐PVC pharma blister film, PVDC‐PO multilayer food packaging, and compression molded sheets of Ixan PVDC (with heat stabilizer) with similar efficiency. Furthermore, this method also provides the dechlorination of PVDC up to 98 %, leading to unsaturated dechlorinated material. Converting PVDC into more stable unsaturated compounds, the release of harmful chlorine‐containing gases during incineration can be minimized. Additionally, this method is not only restricted to batch processes but an electroflow process for PVDC dechlorination and electrosynthesis has also been demonstrated.
Synthesis and Chiroptical Activity of π‐Expanded Electron‐Rich Heterohelicenes Based on the 1,4‐Dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole Core
Authors: Kusy Damian , Górski Krzysztof , Bertocchi Francesco , Galli Matteo , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Terenziani Francesca , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report the synthesis and chiroptical characteristics of the first (double) helicenes possessing the 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole (DHPP) moiety as their central core. We have developed a three‐step synthesis with 6π‐electrocyclization accompanied by HBr elimination as its key step. We found that, whereas for smaller peripheral arms double 6π‐electrocyclization occurs smoothly forming a double helicene, in the case of longer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons the reaction becomes less efficient and mono‐helicenes are the only products. The electron density distribution analysis of LUMO explains the different regioselectivity of 6π‐electrocyclization. The synthesized heterohelicenes are characterized by greenish‐blue emission, distinct solvatofluorochromism and good fluorescence quantum yields (up to 42 %). Moreover, the chiroptical measurements reveal that unsymmetrical double heterohelicene exhibits excellent circularly polarized luminescence brightness (BCPL) reaching 30 M−1 cm−1. The combined experimental and computational study has revealed that a charge‐transfer state is responsible for the observed emission (hence the solvatochromism), while low‐energy absorption derives from multiple transitions.
A Unique Intramolecular Redox Reaction by Unidirectional Migration of Three Hydrogen Atoms: Theoretical Elucidation of the 3H‐Transfer Sequence
Authors: Arndt Thiemo , Schäfer Mathias , Kuck Dietmar , Breugst Martin
Published: January 2025

The intramolecular migration of three hydrogen atoms from one moiety of a gaseous radical cation to the other prior to fragmentation is an extremely rare type of redox reaction. Within the scope of this investigation, this scenario requires an ionized but electron‐rich arene acceptor bearing a para‐(3‐hydroxyalkyl) residue. The precise mechanism of such unidirectional 3H transfer processes, including the order of the individual H transfer steps, has remained unclear in spite of previous isotope labelling and recent infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) studies. Herein, the details of this peculiar process have been investigated for ionized 4‐(N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2‐butanol, 2, by state‐of‐the‐art density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The energetically most favorable pathway consists of a sequence of successive 1,4‐, 1,6‐ and 1,5‐H steps. During these steps the secondary alcohol functionality is oxidized to a carbonyl group and the radical‐cationic aniline ring is reduced to an ionized 2,3–dihydroaniline unit. Several alternative sequences, such as three successive 1,5‐H shifts, could be excluded. A concomitant unidirectional 2H migration reaction of ion 2 was also investigated and the intermediacy of ion‐neutral complexes (INCs) enabling sequential hydride and proton transfer was confirmed by the calculations.
Operando Luminescence Thermometry of a Solid Catalyst in a Reactor during a High‐Temperature Chemical Process
Authors: Groefsema Daniël W. , Rabouw Freddy T. , Boele Michiel , van Bavel Alexander P. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: January 2025

In most catalytic processes, thermal energy is released or consumed locally in a reactor due to the exothermicity or endothermicity of the chemical reactions. This causes the actual operating temperature of the catalyst material to deviate from the reactor temperature, which can lead to underperformance, reduced catalyst stability, or even thermal runaway. Conventional methods to measure the catalyst temperature, with a thermocouple in the reactor oven or in the catalyst bed, suffer from complications because of separation between the sensor and catalyst material, chemical activity of the thermocouple/coating material, added complexity of the setup, and disruption of the reactant flow and heat flow through the catalyst bed. Here, we show the possibilities and challenges of luminescence thermometry as an analytical technique for remote temperature monitoring of the local catalyst temperature in a strongly exothermic high‐temperature reaction environment. We observe that the luminescence lifetime depends not only temperature, but also on oxygen concentration, which can introduce a significant systematic error of up to 40 °C in the recorded temperature. In the case of ratiometric luminescence thermometry, this error is strongly reduced to ~5 °C. We use the ratiometric technique to confirm its applicability in the exothermic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process at high reaction temperatures, showing an exothermic increase in the local catalyst temperature of up to 100 °C, relative to the constant reactor temperature under inert conditions.
Aberrant Expression of JAM2 Inhibits Invasion and Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Jun , Cui Yuan , Chen Zhimeng , Ding Hao , Li Chang , Ju Sheng , Ding Cheng , Xu Chun , Zhao Jun , Tong Xin
Published: January 2025

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. JAM2, a member of the Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family, plays diverse roles in cell–cell contacts and tumor development. Although JAM2's expression and functions have been reported in various cancers, its clinical and biological significance in LUAD remains unclear.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of JAM2 in LUAD, and to assess its potential as a prognostic gene and a molecular target for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Materials

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 pairs of LUAD tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted among co‐expression genes in different JAM2 subgroups. In vitro experiments were also conducted to study the migratory and invasive capabilities of LUAD cells when JAM2 was overexpressed.

Results

The study confirmed that JAM2 was downregulated in LUAD, possibly due to methylation. JAM2 emerged as an independent prognostic gene for predicting the outcomes of patients with LUAD. IHC analysis revealed the significance of JAM2 with clinicopathological parameters in LUAD. GO and KEGG analyses provided insights into the biological processes and pathways associated with JAM2. In vitro experiments showed that overexpressing JAM2 significantly suppressed the migratory and invasive capabilities of LUAD cells. Additionally, JAM2 played a crucial role in LUAD inflammatory infiltration, and higher JAM2 expression predicted a better immunotherapy response.

Conclusion

JAM2 may serve as a promising molecular target for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of LUAD. Its downregulation in LUAD, potential role as a prognostic gene, and influence on cell migration, invasion, and inflammatory infiltration make it a valuable target for further research and development of therapeutic strategies.
High‐Performance Flexible Compact Wideband U‐Slot CPW‐Fed Textile Antenna for WBAN, WLAN, ISM, and WI‐FI 6E Applications
Authors: Bouaza Abdelmaoula , Touhami Rachida , Tedjini Smail , Jabbar Abdul , Ur‐Rehman Masood , Ramzan Naeem
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel, wideband, and flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna design on a low‐cost denim substrate. The antenna exhibits conformal properties and achieves robust dual‐band performance. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 6.18 dB at 6.5 GHz and a peak efficiency of 98% at 2.45 GHz in normal conditions. The fabricated prototype demonstrates excellent agreement between simulated and measured results. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from (2.20–3 GHz) for the first band and (4.41–7.43 GHz) for the second band. The measured results show that it offers −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 22% (2.2–2.75 GHz) for WBAN applications and 68% (3.63–7.43 GHz) for WLAN and WIFI‐6E applications through strategically designed slots in the ground plane (symmetric U‐slot and rectangular slot). Furthermore, the antenna's performance remains stable under various bending conditions and exhibits satisfactory behavior close to the human body, making it suitable for wearable applications. This cost‐effective design presents a promising solution for integration into various consumer electronics. The proposed antenna design is a low‐cost solution for various wearable consumer electronics applications. This antenna is a potential solution for enhanced workforce management, secure access control, and identification.
The use of endoscopic ultrasound in tandem with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline for patients at high risk of choledocholithiasis can help to avoid diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in individuals without ascending cholangitis
Authors: Sirinawasatien Apichet , Chanchairungcharoen Jiravit , Yaowmaneerat Thanapon , Jiratham‐opas Jirat , Chanpiwat Kanokpoj , Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Attasaranya Siriboon , Laohavichitra Kannikar , Wannaprasert Jerasak , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Choledocholithiasis is the leading cause of biliary pancreatitis and biliary sepsis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered a minimally invasive treatment for choledocholithiasis. However, diagnostic ERCP should be avoided. We conducted a prospective trial in high‐risk choledocholithiasis patients based on the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) 2019 criteria to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the current guideline.

Methods

This multicenter, prospective cohort study included 240 consecutive patients. The primary outcome was the performance of the criteria in predicting choledocholithiasis. The secondary outcome was a percentage reduction in diagnostic ERCP when endoscopic ultrasound was used in tandem with ERCP in individuals without ascending cholangitis.

Results

The overall criteria revealed a positive common bile duct (CBD) stone in 87.1% of patients. Regarding the diagnostic performance of each criterion, ascending cholangitis had a specificity of 67.7% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90.2%; total bilirubin >4 mg/dL and dilated CBD had a specificity of 74.2% and a PPV of 55.6%; and CBD stone on ultrasound/cross‐sectional imaging had a specificity of 58.1% and a PPV of 89.2%. Of the 138 patients without ascending cholangitis who met the other two high‐risk criteria and were sent for EUS first, 21 cases (15.2%) were able to avoid a diagnostic ERCP.

Conclusions

The current ASGE 2019 criteria yield acceptable choledocholithiasis diagnostic accuracy. Using endoscopic ultrasound to confirm CBD stones before ERCP can help almost half of patients with the specific condition of total bilirubin >4 mg/dL and dilated CBD to avoid diagnostic ERCP.
The influence of the forest corridors to the north of the Andes on the diversification of the bright‐rumped Attila, Attila spadiceus (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae), during the climatic oscillations of the middle Pleistocene
Authors: Mendonça Patrícia , Carneiro Lincoln Silva , Leandro‐Silva Victor , Aleixo Alexandre , Araripe Juliana , Rêgo Péricles S.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial processes scales governing the evolutionary diversification of Neotropical birds with Trans‐ and Cis‐Andean populations of the species Attila spadiceus from South and Central America. Through a multilocus analysis of the mitochondrial (CytB and ND2) and nuclear genes (I7BF, I5BF, and G3PDH) of 41 samples representing six subspecies, we describe the existing molecular lineages of A. spadiceus, and estimate their demographic dynamics. We used Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) with six different algorithms to predict the potential distribution of A. spadiceus in both present‐day and past scenarios, examining the overlap climatic niche between Cis‐ and Trans‐Andean lineages. The analysis confirms a relatively recent divergence of the Trans‐ and Cis‐Andean lineages, at approximately 0.25 million years ago (Ma). The niche modeling supports the existence of a dynamic scenario of the expansion and retraction of forest corridors in northwestern South America during the last glaciation. This suggests that the earlier orogenesis of the Andes was not a primary determinant of this dichotomy. Additionally, the analysis of population dynamics indicated a trend of increasing population size starting at 0.05 Ma for both lineages. Our findings highlight the significance of Pleistocene Forest corridors north of the Andes as the key factor maintaining communication before the separation of the lineages, likely associated with the retraction of this forest. We highlight the absence of any significant differentiation between the disjunct Amazonian and Atlantic Forest populations, at both part of the Cis‐Andean lineage. The phylogeographic profile of A. spadiceus diverges from the patterns observed in other Neotropical birds, which emphasizes the need for further research on the role of the forest corridors of the northern Andes as drivers of diversification, to provide comprehensive insights into the processes that led to the formation of the region's present‐day avian diversity.
The Influence of Migration Timing and Local Conditions on Reproductive Timing in Arctic‐Breeding Birds
Authors: English W. B. , Lagassé B. , Brown S. , Boldenow M. , Burger J. , Casler B. , Dey A. D. , Feigin S. , Freeman S. , Gates H. R. , Iaquinto K. E. , Koch S. , Lamarre J. F. , Lanctot R. B. , Latty C. , Loverti V. , McKinnon L. , Newstead D. , Niles L. , Nol E. , Payer D. , Porter R. , Rausch J. , Saalfeld S. T. , Sanders F. , Senner N. R. , Schulte S. , Sowl K. , Winn B. , Wright L. , Wunder M. B. , Smith P. A.
Published: January 2025

For birds breeding in the Arctic, nest success is affected by the timing of nest initiation, which is partially determined by local conditions such as snow cover. However, conditions during the non‐breeding season can carry over to affect the timing of breeding. We used tracking and breeding data from 248 individuals of 8 species and subspecies of Arctic‐breeding shorebirds to estimate how the timing of nest initiation is related to local conditions like snowmelt phenology versus prior conditions, measured by the timing and speed of migration. Using path analysis, our global model showed that local and prior conditions have similar effect sizes (Standardised Path Coefficients ± SE of 0.44 ± 0.07 and 0.43 ± 0.07 for snowmelt and arrival timing, respectively), suggesting that both influence the timing of breeding and therefore potentially reproductive output. However, the importance of each variable varied across species. Individuals that arrived later to the breeding grounds did not leave the wintering grounds later, but instead took longer to migrate, potentially reflecting differences in flight speed or time spent at stopover sites. We hypothesise that this may be due to reduced habitat quality at some stopover sites or an inability to adjust their departure timing or migration speed to match the advancing spring phenology in the North. Individuals that migrated longer distances also arrived and nested later. Our results highlight the benefits and potential conservation implications of using a full annual cycle approach to assess the factors influencing reproductive timing of birds.
Multilevel Analysis of Ground Beetle Responses to Forest Management: Integrating Species Composition, Morphological Traits and Developmental Instability
Authors: Stočes Dominik , Šipoš Jan
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the response of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblage to forest management practices by integrating species composition, body traits, wing morphology and developmental instability. Traditional approaches that rely on averaged identity‐based descriptors often overlook phenotypic plasticity and functional trait variability, potentially masking species‐specific responses to environmental changes. To address this, we applied a three‐layered analytical approach to address this gap, utilising ground beetle occurrence and morphological trait data from Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic. The first layer assessed assemblage composition with ecological and dietary preferences across control, ecotone and clearing treatments using multivariate techniques. Building on species‐level knowledge, the second layer analysed the interaction between coarse traits, such as wing morphology and fine‐scale body traits, including body size (proxied by elytron length), head width and last abdominal sternite, to assess their relationship with the different treatments. These interactions were explored as intraspecific wing plasticity can affect functional interpretations. The third layer focused on fluctuating asymmetry as an intraindividual indicator of developmental instability, examining how ground beetles respond to environmental stressors. Our findings revealed: (i) no significant impact of habitat treatments on the presence of specialist species in the assemblage analysis; (ii) analysis of morphological traits highlights the combined influence of a coarse trait, such as wing morphology, and a fine trait, such as head width, which together contribute to the partitioning of assemblages and help distinguish differences in habitat use; and (iii) FA analysis revealed a significant positive association between the second antennal segment of specialist species and litter while displaying a negative association with Collembola. This multilevel analytical framework not only confirms ecological findings but also advances our approach to habitat and species analysis, offering deeper insights into ecosystem dynamics.
Feedback on Escape Behavior of Birds Under Different Hunger Pressure
Authors: Bao Xiao‐Yang , Xin Jia‐Jia , Ye Yuan‐Xing , Hu Can‐Shi
Published: January 2025

The risk of predation has always been a significant impact on wild birds. Birds, facing with limited energy, must balance their investment between foraging and vigilance. There were currently limited understandings of the vigilant behavior feedback of birds under different hunger pressure. Therefore, we employed the White‐browed laughingthrush (Pterorhinus sannio) and White wagtail (Motacilla alba) as research subjects to carry out experiments in winter, in exploring the tolerance of birds to external stress under different hunger pressure. After a night of energy expenditure, individuals of both species faced greater hunger pressure in the morning. The results of general linear models showed that the flight initiation distance (FID) of both species in the morning (7:00–9:00) was significantly shorter than that in the evening (16:00–18:00). Additionally, when the weather was cold (daily minimum temperature ≤ 5°C), the FID of the White‐browed laughingthrush and White wagtail was significantly shorter in the morning, as same as the results of general linear models. However, when the weather was warm (daily minimum temperature ≥ 10°C), there was no significant difference even though the FID average of both species was shorter in the morning than in the evening. These suggested that the consumption and supplementation of energy are very important for birds, as the higher their hunger pressure, the greater their willingness to forage and take on risk, especially in cold winter.
Nitrogen enrichment drives accelerative effect of soil heterogeneity on the flowering phenology of a dominant grass
Authors: Krause Anna G. , Wojciechowski Ashley A. , Baer Sara G.
Published: January 2025

Plant phenology is affected by both abiotic conditions (i.e., temperature, nitrogen enrichment, and drought) and biotic conditions (i.e., species diversity). The degree of spatial heterogeneity in soil resources is known to influence community assembly and dynamics, but the relationship between resource heterogeneity and phenology or the potentially interactive effects of soil resources on phenology are less understood. We leveraged a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment that has manipulated soil nitrogen availability and soil depth over 20 years to test the effects of environmental heterogeneity, nutrient enrichment, and potentially interactive effects of global change drivers (nutrient enrichment and a drought manipulation) on the phenology of a highly dominant prairie grass (Andropogon gerardii). We recorded the timing of major developmental stages of A. gerardii in plots containing four soil heterogeneity treatments (control, soil depth heterogeneity, nutrient/depth heterogeneity, and nutrient/precipitation heterogeneity). We found that the boot, first spikelet, and emerged spikelet stages of A. gerardii occurred earlier in treatments with greater heterogeneity of soil nitrogen, and this effect was driven by the accelerative effect of nitrogen enrichment on phenology. Reduced precipitation increased the flowering length of A. gerardii but did not otherwise affect developmental phenology. There were no interactive effects among any soil resource treatments on phenology. These results advance our understanding of the relationship between plant phenology and global change drivers, which is important for understanding and predicting the timing of plant resource use and the provision of resources to higher trophic levels by plants under varying levels of resource availability.
Manipulating Heterogeneous Surface/Interface Reconstruction of Nickel Molybdate Nanofiber by In Situ Prussian Blue Analogs Etching Strategy for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Ding Xinyao , Zhang Lirong , Yu Peng , Cang Ruibai , Zhang Mingyi
Published: January 2025

Bimetallic oxides are promising electrocatalysts due to their rich composition, facile synthesis, and favorable stability under oxidizing conditions. This paper innovatively proposes a strategy aimed at constructing a one‐dimensional heterostructure (Fe–NiO/NiMoO4 nanoparticles/nanofibers). The strategy commences with the meticulous treatment of NiMoO4 nanofibers, utilizing in situ etching techniques to induce the formation of Prussian Blue Analog compounds. In this process, [Fe(CN)6]3− anions react with the NiMoO4 host layer to form a steady NiFe PBA. Subsequently, the surface/interface reconstituted NiMoO4 nanofibers undergo direct oxidation, leading to a reconfiguration of the surface structure and the formation of a unique Fe–NiO/NiMoO4 one‐dimensional heterostructure. The catalyst showed markedly enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction. Density functional theory results reveal that the incorporation of Fe as a dopant dramatically reduces the Gibbs free energy associated with the rate‐determining step in the oxygen evolution reaction pathway. This pivotal transformation directly lowers the activation energy barrier, thereby significantly enhancing electron transfer efficiency.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition and Substitution Reactions with Grignard Reagents: Do We Know It All?
Authors: Somprasong Siriphong , Pérez Juana M. , Castiñeira Reis Marta
Published: January 2025

Catalysis has been a cornerstone in organic synthesis, enabling a variety of highly efficient and selective C−C bond formation reactions, in particular enantioselective addition and substitution of Grignard reagents. Throughout time, we have gained significant understanding into how various factors, such as the influence of the metal source, the nature of the ligands, the substrates or temperature, affect these processes. Recent advances in computational chemistry have further enriched our understanding of this chemistry by elucidating the potential reaction mechanism and providing insight into the rate and enantio‐determining steps in these catalytic transformations. However, challenges persist, and aspects such as ligand optimisation, full mechanistic understanding and scalability remain underexplored. Computational methods, however, present a remarkable potential to surmount these enduring challenges.
Structural Optimization Design of Automobile Windshield Heating Furnace Based on Workbench
Authors: Wang Anheng , Wang Tao , Ling Chuanwen , Wang Hui , Zhao Xiang , Zhu Wentao
Published: January 2025

This article optimizes the structural optimization of the high‐temperature heating furnace used in the front glass manufacturing process of automobiles. In order to improve the heat condition in the glass forming process, the steady‐state thermal module of the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench is used to simulate the thermal forming process of the automotive front gear glass, and the influence of the specific heat of the front gear glass at rising temperature, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of radiation heat transfer, and other parameters on the forming accuracy are studied. The mechanical properties and viscosity curve of the front glass were analyzed with the change of temperature, the collaborative service integration of “preheating‐injection molding‐pressing‐gluing” of the front glass was established, the thermoforming process was optimized, the temperature–force field thermodynamic coupling model was created, and the reliability of the constitutive model and simulation of the front glass was verified. It makes up for the deficiency that the existing theoretical research is separated from the actual generation and cannot play an effective guide to the production practice. This paper provides a new scheme for the structure design of automotive front gear glass heating furnace and provides reference for other similar forming structures.