bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained success in endoscopic performance demonstrated by the Irish National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Programme
Authors: Keating Eoin , Slattery Eoin , Hartery Karen , Doherty Glen , Canavan Conor , Leyden Jan
Published: January 2025

The National Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality Improvement (NEQI) Programme captures over 94% of endoscopic activity in the Republic of Ireland (ROI), accounting for > 120,000 colonoscopies per annum. The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in colonoscopy Key Quality Indicators (KQIs) at a national level over a 5-year period among low-, intermediate-, and high-volume endoscopists.

A retrospective analysis of all NEQI colonoscopy episodes occurring between 2016 and 2022, collating colonoscopy KQIs (cecal intubation rate [CIR], comfort score [CS], polyp detection rate [PDR] and sedation use). Endoscopists with 5 consecutive years of activity were defined as low, intermediate, or high activity according to annual procedural volumes.

Over 658,000 colonoscopies were completed by 1240 endoscopists. Workload is disproportionate, with 36% of endoscopists completing 66% of national colonoscopy volume. Low-, intermediate-, and high-activity endoscopists all demonstrated sustained improvements in KQI targets over the study period. Comparing experts (≥ 300 colonoscopies/year) vs non-experts, KQI plateaus were demonstrated for PDR at < 150 colonoscopies per year (34.2% vs 29.6%, P = 0.002), CS at < 200 procedures per year (97.5% vs 94.9%, P < 0.001), and CIR at < 250 colonoscopies per year (94.5% vs 93.4%, P = 0.048).

This study represents the first published endoscopist-level NEQI data demonstrating ongoing KQI improvements for endoscopists at all activity levels. Sustaining this improvement and continuing to capture national endoscopic performance will remain a core role of the Irish NEQI program. Workforce imbalances and minimum annual volumes continue to represent challenges for national endoscopy programs.
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting vs percutaneous cholecystostomy for managing acute cholecystitis: Nationwide propensity score study
Authors: Pan Chun-wei , Ramai Daryl , Beran Azizullah , Wang Yichen , Huang Yuting , Morris John
Published: January 2025

Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis, but it may not be suitable for all patients. For those who cannot undergo surgery, a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) and ERCP-guided transpapillary gallbladder drainage are viable options. We aimed to perform a nationwide study to assess 30-day readmission rates, adverse events (AEs), and mortality rates in these two cohorts.

We conducted a nationwide cohort study using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2016 to 2019. We identified patients with acute cholecystitis during the index admission who underwent either PCT or ERCP-guided gallbladder drainage. Propensity score matching along with multivariable regression was used to compare cohorts.

During the study period, 3,592 patients (average age 63.0 years) underwent endoscopic drainage, whereas 80,372 patients (average 70.8 years) underwent Interventional Radiology drainage. Utilizing multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared with ERCP, PCT had a higher risk for 30-day readmission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 1.71; P < 0.001). The PCT group had a significantly higher rate of readmission for acute cholecystitis compared with the ERCP group (2.72% vs 0.86%; P < 0.005). Cox proportional hazard ratio showed a 3.41-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.99 to 5.84) for readmission in the PCT group. ERCP was consistently associated with lower rates of post-procedural AEs compared with PCT including acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (P < 0.001), acute renal failure (P < 0.001), shock (P < 0.001), and need for blood transfusions (P < 0.001).

Our nationwide analysis revealed that ERCP-guided gallbladder drainage should be the preferred approach for managing acute cholecystitis when unfit for surgery.
A Comparative Analysis of Cell Proliferation and Wound Closure in Cultured Gingival Epithelial Cells Using Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing Leukocytes
Authors: Watanabe Yuri , Shimada Katsumitsu , Doi Yousuke , Higuchi Takuyoshi , Kato Yoshiya , Li Xianqi , Kurihara Yuji , Murakami Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Objectives Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is presumed to be able to stimulate the regeneration of skin and periodontal tissue. This effect can be attributed to the fact that PRGF contains fewer leukocyte-derived interleukins in comparison to platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, a comparison of the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cells has not been conducted yet. Therefore, our objective was to clarify and compare the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression.

Materials and Methods PRGF and PRP were obtained from three donors. A complete medium containing bovine pituitary extract (BPE) and growth factors was used as a positive control (PC), while a medium without BPE was used as a negative control (NC). We evaluated the presence of platelets and leukocytes, as well as the number of leukocytes, in PRP and PRGF using the cell block method and a cell counting chamber. We assessed gingival epithelial cell proliferation with WST-1 and wound healing by using cell-free culture inserts. To examine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is related to cell growth inhibition, and integrin β4, which contributes to cell adhesion, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) under PRGF and PRP samples in vitro. The nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results Large quantities of platelets were observed in both PRGF and PRP. The leukocyte concentration in PRGF was generally lower than that in PRP. Our report indicated that cell proliferation was significantly higher in PRGF than in PRP on day 1 and 2. We found that there was no significant difference in the wound closure rate between PRGF and PRP in comparison to their respective control groups. The quantitative RT-PCR revealed insignificant differences in mRNA expression as TNF-α and integrin β4 between PRGF and PRP in comparison to the each of their respective control groups.

Conclusion Our research indicated that PRGF can promote the proliferation of gingival epithelium more than PRP, contributing to the healing of periodontal tissue. TNF-α and integrin β4 mRNA expression may not be significantly involved in wound closure within the gingival epithelium under the influence of PRGF and PRP.
Analgesic Effect of Intermittent Multiple IPACK Block Combined with ACB in Patients with Flexion Contracture Knee Arthritis Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ren Yuqi , Hou Zhouhui , Zhang Yue , Li Yue , Liu Huanqiu
Published: January 2025

We aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intermittent multiple infiltrations between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) combined with adductor canal block (ACB) and intermittent ACB alone in patients with flexion contracture knee arthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Forty-six patients who underwent elective unilateral TKA were divided into two groups (n = 23 each): intermittent multiple IPACK combined with ACB (group IA) and intermittent multiple ACB (group A). ACB was performed with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine in each group and IPACK with 20 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine in group IA. Intermittent multiple nerve blocks were used for postoperative analgesia (IPACK block combined with ACB in group IA and ACB in group A between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. on postoperative day 1 [POD1] and postoperative day 2 [POD2]). Primary outcomes assessed were pain at rest, motion-evoked pain (MEP), and range of motion (ROM) on POD1 and POD2. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, first ambulation time, ambulation distance, and postoperative complications. We observed that compared with group A, MEP decreased, ROM became wider, ambulation distance was longer, and opioid consumption decreased in group IA. Other outcomes were either similar between the groups or showed clinically insignificant differences. We conclude that multiple intermittent IPACK therapy combined with ACB provides superior analgesia than multiple intermittent ACB therapy alone in patients with flexion contracture knee arthritis undergoing TKA.
Glycemic Control of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: A Narrative Review.
Authors: Adhami Sara , James Steven , Paterson Megan , Deeb Asma , Craft Judy
Published: January 2025

Background Diabetes is the fastest-growing chronic disease in the world with increased morbidity and mortality associated with a diagnosis at a young age. The landscape of glycemic control of children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates, a dynamic and fast evolving country in the Middle East, is unknown, potentially limiting decisions around patient care, health system planning, and efforts around advocacy.

Aim This article determines the reported glycemic control of this vulnerable population, and factors influencing blood glucose management.

Methods A quantitative epidemiological narrative review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, searched from 2012 to 2023. English studies involving the study population were reviewed and appraised.

Results Overall, 16 studies were included, mainly heralding from Abu Dhabi and involving Emirati nationals. Reported mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ranged from 7.9 to 9.6% (63–81 mmol/mol) and diabetes-related technology use was high. Themes identified were diabetes and technology, education, psychology, and Ramadan.

Conclusion Glycemic control was suboptimal, with mean HbA1c being hyperglycemic across included studies, despite a high use of diabetes-related technology. Unless change is made, children and adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes will likely experience unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
The generation of whistler, lower hybrid, and magnetosonic waves by satellites passing through ionospheric magnetic field aligned irregularities
Authors: Eliasson Bengt , Bernhardt Paul A.
Published: January 2025

A numerical study is carried out for the generation of lower hybrid, whistler, and compressional Alfvén (magnetosonic) waves by satellites crossing magnetic field aligned irregularities or striations. Satellites and space debris propagating at an altitude of about 300 km with a velocity of 7.7 km/s perpendicular to the magnetic field generate a wake of lower hybrid waves with a wavelength of ∼1 m and frequencies near the lower hybrid frequency ∼7.87 kHz. In the presence of small-scale striations having widths below 0.5 m, the satellite-generated lower hybrid waves efficiently mode convert to whistler waves with frequencies slightly above the lower hybrid frequency, which propagate within a cone ∼19.5° to the background magnetic field. For larger striations having widths of 1 m and above, the interaction with satellites leads to modulated pulses of whistler waves as well as to magnetosonic waves propagating at large angles to the magnetic field, with frequencies below the lower hybrid frequency. The results are consistent with recent observations during conjunctures between satellites, where the observed frequencies ranged from the ion cyclotron frequency to the lower hybrid frequency [Bernhardt et al., Phys. Plasmas 30, 092106 (2023)].
Optical and electronic properties of (InxGa1−x)2O3 alloys
Authors: Shrestha Bishal , Mainali Madan K. , Dulal Prabin , Jamarkattel Manoj K. , Quader Abdul , Bastola Ebin , Phillips Adam B. , Heben Michael J. , Podraza Nikolas J.
Published: January 2025

Indium gallium oxide [(InxGa1−x)2O3] alloys are of interest for a variety opto-electronic applications including photovoltaic devices owing to the ability to control properties through alloy composition. A thorough evaluation of the opto-electronic properties of (InxGa1−x)2O3 (x = 0.71, 0.55, 0.45, 0.36, and 0.28) thin films is obtained by using terahertz to ultraviolet range spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure the complex dielectric function (ɛ = ɛ1 + iɛ2) spectra from 0.400 meV to 5.877 eV and the derived vibrational modes from chemical bonding, inter-band transition energies, and carrier transport properties. Optical band edges of direct and non-direct transitions increase from 3.82 to 4.14 eV and 2.96 to 3.36 eV, respectively, with decreasing In-content, whereas the carrier concentration determined from the direct electrical Hall effect and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements decreases from ∼1020 to 1018 cm−3. Mobilities (μSE), resistivities (ρSE), and carrier effective masses (m*SE) from the spectroscopic ellipsometry range from ∼10.6 to ∼66.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, 2.3 × 10−3, to 47.1 × 10−3 Ω cm, and 0.308 to 0.397 me, respectively. μSE and ρSE are compared to those obtained from the direct electrical Hall effect and four-point probe measurements with discrepancies attributed to principles of measurement techniques. Spectroscopic ellipsometry determined parameters are representative of properties within localized regions, whereas direct electrical measurements are influenced by a greater degree of charge carrier scattering due to longer path lengths of travel.
Second-order topological insulators in Kekulé-patterned hexagonal biphenylene networks
Authors: Yang Ning-Jing , Yang Hai , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: January 2025

Biphenylene network, a two-dimensional material, has recently been extensively studied, owing to its potential applications. Here, we introduce an experimentally synthesized configuration of hexagonal biphenylene network (h-BPN) as a second-order topological insulator (SOTI). We begin by discussing the higher-order topological origin of h-BPN, which is an extended model of the Kekulé lattice characterized by a multi-node π-conjugation. Through first-principles calculations and tight-binding model, we reveal SOTI in h-BPN, characterized by non-zero fractional corner charges. Furthermore, we show that by varying the number of biphenylene units, h-BPN exhibits adjustable second-order topological phases with alternating parity. Specifically, odd biphenylene indices in the h-BPN system correspond to a SOTI, while even indices result in a trivial insulator. We propose that the h-BPN evolves from the Kekulé lattice. These materials will have important applications in two-dimension devices as higher-order topological materials.
Numerical simulation of two-phase ferrofluid based on spectral element method and phase field model
Authors: Sun Manman , Xiao Yao , Zeng Zhong , Zhang Liangqi , Zhang Denglong , Wan Yujian
Published: January 2025

Ferrofluid, as a novel functional material with unique properties, holds significant promise for applications in various fields, including magnetic sealing technology, bubble removal operations in magnetic fluid sensor applications, and precise control of targeted drug delivery processes and chemical reactions using bubbles as carriers. In this paper, we established a two-phase ferrofluid flow model under non-uniform magnetic field, utilizing phase field equations, Maxwell non-conducting electromagnetic field equations, and Navier–Stokes equations. A high-precision spectral element method was employed to discretely solve the governing equations, with two distinct schemes applied to solve Maxwell equations. Notably, Scheme II enhances computational efficiency by constructing the constant coefficient matrix related to the generation of the magnetic potential. Simulations were conducted on the horizontal double-disk translation, the magnetic field distribution within a cylinder under a uniform magnetic field, and the stretching of ferrofluid droplets in a non-magnetic organic liquid. The simulation results were compared with theoretical predictions and experimental data to validate the accuracy and reliability of our proposed model. Additionally, we investigated the effects of magnetic field gradient, magnetic field intensity, magnetization, and Eötvös number on the motion and deformation of bubbles during their ascent in both uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. The results indicate that the impact of a uniform magnetic field on bubble rise aligns with previous studies. In contrast, under non-uniform magnetic field, increased magnetic bonding significantly inhibits the rise of bubbles due to the applied magnetic field gradient. Moreover, enhanced magnetic susceptibility facilitates bubble splitting. In non-uniform magnetic field, bubbles exhibit oscillatory behavior, with oscillation duration decreasing as the Bond number increases.
Exact solutions to the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations based on the stream function approach
Authors: Baron Alexander
Published: January 2025

Using the stream function approach, we derive three-dimensional exact solutions to the incompressible, unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. These solutions are generated by Beltrami vector fields and satisfy generalized impermeability boundary conditions on quadric surfaces. We also briefly consider exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with time-dependent viscosity. Using a dynamical systems approach, we study the existence of chaotic streaklines and invariant manifolds of these solutions.
Preparation and mechanical-electrical characterization of new complex-phase conductive concrete
Authors: Feng Shicheng , Zhang Xiaohui , Xu Zhilei , Dong Keliang , Zheng Jinfeng , Zhang Runlong , Zhou Zhaolin , Wang Xuan
Published: January 2025

The transmission line tower foundation is the key to determining the safe and stable operation of transmission lines under high current impact, and conductive concrete plays a vital role in the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. However, the mechanical and electrical properties of conductive concrete have a competitive relationship, and balancing these properties simultaneously is a current research problem. This paper proposes a new method for the preparation of novel multiphase electrically conductive concrete fiber composites and elucidates the mechanism of its electrical resistivity and compressive and flexural properties. The effects of concrete, graphite and stainless steel fibers as conductive phase materials on the changing law of physical properties of conductive concrete were compared, and the optimal ratio of the content of conductive phase materials was explored. A numerical calculation model of multi-field coupling of a new type of conductive concrete under high current impact was established. The results demonstrate that when the graphite content is 20% and the stainless steel fiber content is 2.75% ± 0.1%, the mechanical and electrical properties ratio is the best. The resistivity was reduced by 54%, the compressive strength was increased by 47.4%, and the flexural strength was increased by 151.4% compared to graphite conductive concrete. The new conductive concrete has promising frontiers of steady-state electricity and transient heat under 20 kA high current impingement, with its current density value dropping to 3280A/m3 and the maximum module temperature dropping to 2270 K. Relevant research provides a theoretical reference for guaranteeing the safe operation of power systems.
Gel plugging simulation with a new model and applications
Authors: Qian Zhen , Deng Peng , Qu Bochao , Zhu Suyang , Di Chaojie , Peng Xiaolong , Chen Zhangxin
Published: January 2025

Injecting gel plugs into water-flooded wells can significantly reduce the water cut in wells and extend their operational lifespan. However, critical injection parameters, such as volume and speed, are often based on empirical estimates, leading to many wells being completely blocked following gel injection. This study introduces a new numerical gel component model that accurately simulates the gel flow process, enabling precise calculations of the required injection parameters. For this research, the gel compositional model was applied to two wells in the Tahe Oilfield. A detailed comparison between this new model, traditional polymer models, and historical data was conducted. The results show a 39% increase in oil production and a 19% improvement in water production accuracy. Furthermore, the new gel compositional model shows that gel migration distance and sealing volume strongly correlate with the amount of injected water and the karst background. Therefore, precise calculation of water invasion channels is essential before applying the gel plugging technique. This study shows that the success of gel water-shutoff techniques relies heavily on accurately simulating injection parameters, and the new simulation model provides a valuable reference for such technique applications.
Numerical analysis of mathematical model of nanofluid flow through stagnation point involving thermal radiation, activation energy, and living organisms
Authors: Chaudhry Munaza , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Imran Muhammad , Tahir Madeeha , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi , Younis Jihad
Published: January 2025

In a stagnation point flow, the rate at which heat transfers in fluid containing nanoparticles across a sheet that is stretchable on a surface having pores has been investigated in this research. Magnetohydrodynamic viscous nanofluid flow is considered that is subjected to Brownian movements and the thermophoresis effect. By utilizing a numerical technique, the characteristics of heat transmission in nanofluids are investigated. The model is based on momentum, energy, and concentration equations. To explain the flow model’s physical significance, zero mass flux condition has been employed at the surface. Nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a collection of linked ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. Convergent implications of nonlinear systems are produced by MATLAB software’s built-in bvp4c algorithm. To indicate the physical importance, a thorough examination of relevant characteristics, such as heat sink/source, porosity, and magnetic parameter is conducted. We have observed the behavior of profiles by fixing the numerical values of the involving parameters as 0.1 ≤ λ ≤ 2.0, 0.1 ≤ Nr ≤ 3.0, 0.1 ≤ R ≤ 0.4, 0.1 ≤ M ≤ 0.4, 0.1 ≤ Rb ≤ 1.5, and 0.1 ≤ Nb ≤ 0.7. The temperature rises yet the rate at which heat transfers at the surface declines due to the increased far-field velocity. The greater nanoparticles concentration at the far field relative to the surface is related to the zero mass flux condition.
A study on the acoustic propagation characteristics of circular expanding ducts using the finite element method
Authors: Guan Wenyu , Xiong Zhongying , Xia Huan
Published: January 2025

A circular expanding duct features an increasing cross-sectional area that tends to excite higher-order modes at low frequencies, thereby affecting the performance of acoustic devices. Studying the acoustic propagation characteristics of circularly expanding ducts is thus crucial for optimal design and noise control. Traditional prediction methods do not adequately account for three-dimensional wave effects inside a duct. This study investigates the sound attenuation performance of various circular expanding ducts in the frequency range of 10–2500 Hz using the three-dimensional finite element method in combination with acoustic theory. The results show that the geometric expansion of the duct changes the wavefront shapes of transmitted sound waves, causing varying degrees of wavefront distortion. Behind the expanding region, these distorted wavefronts interfere with each other to varying extents, affecting the transmission loss (TL) of the duct. When the length of the expanding section is shorter, the average attenuation is generally higher. However, at specific frequencies (e.g., 2100 Hz), a longer expanding section may enhance sound attenuation by exciting more resonant modes. As the expansion ratio of the cross-sectional area increases, wavefront distortion and modal resonance become more pronounced, leading to increased average attenuation and the appearance of more peaks in the TL curve. In addition, the incidence of higher-order modes induces complex modal coupling and interference, significantly reducing the average sound attenuation of the duct. This study provides theoretical foundations and reference values for optimizing the design of circular expanding ducts to improve acoustic performance.
Physical modeling of motion and evaporation of polydisperse water droplets in a high-enthalpy air flow
Authors: Arefyev K. Yu. , Voronetskiy A. V. , Abramov M. A. , Saveliev A. S. , Nikoporenko A. V. , Pryadko E. S. , Yanovskiy L. S. , Ezhov V. M.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at obtaining new experimental data on the regularities of evaporation of droplets of polyfractional composition in a high-enthalpy gas flow. This study considers the features of heating and subsequent vaporization of water droplets with diameters of 5…100 μm in an air flow with initial temperature up to ∼600 K and velocity up to ∼100 m/s at subcritical Weber numbers. The description of the laboratory setup equipped with laser-shadow means of diagnostics of two-phase flows and the proposed methodology of processing of the registered parameters are presented. On the basis of the conducted experiments, quantitative indicators of the intensity of the process of evaporation of polydisperse water droplets in the air flow are determined. The database of experimental data on the motion and evaporation of water droplets in the air flow, which has been developed according to the available literature sources, has been supplemented with new results, which makes it possible to clarify the corresponding physical and mathematical models. The results obtained can be used in planning and conducting subsequent studies.
Identification of
ARHGEF11
(PDZ-RhoGEF) as an in vivo regulator of synapses and cognition
Authors: Bjornson Kathryn J. , Kermath Bailey A. , Cahill Michael E.
Published: January 2025

Given the influence of cognitive abilities on life outcomes, there is inherent value in identifying genes involved in controlling learning and memory. Further, cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we use a combinatory in silico approach to identify human gene targets that will have an especially high likelihood of individually and directly impacting cognition. This broad and unbiased screen led to the specific identification of
ARHGEF11
, which encodes PDZ-RhoGEF. PDZ-RhoGEF is a largely RhoA-specific activator that is highly enriched in dendritic spines, and recent work identified hyperexpression of PDZ-RhoGEF in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects, a disease characterized by an early emergence and persistence of broad scope cognitive dysfunction. Here, we characterize the effects of PDZ-RhoGEF on synaptic and behavioral phenotypes, and we identify molecular and biochemical mechanisms that control PDZ-RhoGEF’s expression, synaptic spatial localization, and enzymatic activity. Importantly, our identified direct regulators of PDZ-RhoGEF (miR-132 and DISC1) have themselves been repeatedly implicated in controlling cognitive phenotypes in humans, including those caused by several neuropsychiatric disorders. Taken together, our findings indicate that PDZ-RhoGEF is a key convergence point among multiple synaptic and cognition-relevant signaling cascades with potential translational significance.
Presence-prominence effect in multimodal eco-discourse
Authors: Dai Fengju , Liu Chengyu
Published: January 2025

The insufficient ecological awareness among the public is widely acknowledged as the fundamental cause of ecological crises. To address this issue, the present study incorporates the rhetorical concept of presence with the social psychological notion of prominence effect. The aim is to explore how ecological awareness is conveyed in multimodal discourse and then how it is transmitted to the audience through the presence of multimodal resources, using the ecological public service advertisement “BLUE” as a case study. To examine the prominence effect, interviews were conducted with 12 participants to investigate the influence of the prominent elements on the audience’s understandings. The findings reveal that the ecological awareness conveyed by multimodal resources in the selected material is “Green travel”. To promote this ecological awareness, various resources in the visual, auditory, and textual modalities, such as image displays, background colors, participants’ expressions, and gestures, are employed to achieve “presence”. These prominent elements, in turn, impact the audience’s understanding and reception of the conveyed ecological awareness. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the audience’s ecological awareness influences the prominence effect of elements designed for presence in the discourse, thereby impacting audiences’ understanding and response towards the eco-discourse, and for optimal impact, the elements emphasized in the presence of the discourse should align with the prominent elements to captivate the audience’s attention. Based on the analysis, a multidimensional model of presence-prominent effect of multimodal ecological discourse reception is proposed, and some implications for effective development of ecological awareness is then discussed.
Double Differential Cross Section Measurements for the Angular Distribution of Secondary Electrons in Electron-Nitrous Oxide Collisions
Authors: Ozer Zehra Nur
Published: January 2025

Gaining insight into the interaction of charged particles with nitrous oxide (N2O) is crucial for advancing our understanding of atmospheric processes and the environmental impacts of N2O. N2O plays a pivotal role in climate change, specifically contributing to global warming in the troposphere and ozone depletion in the stratosphere. In addition, it is of great importance in the fields of plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, and medicine. The cross sectional data obtained from collision studies provide fundamental information about the dynamics involved in the few-body system under investigation. This paper presents electron impact double differential cross sections (DDCSs) for secondary electrons emitted from N2O molecules. The measurements were conducted within fixed incident electron energy ranges of 50-350 eV, covering emission angles between 30° and 130°. Notably, a forward-backward angular asymmetry has been observed in the angular distribution of the DDCS for the detected electrons.
Pushed and pulled fronts in a logistic Keller–Segel model with chemorepulsion*
Authors: Avery Montie , Holzer Matt , Scheel Arnd
Published: January 2025

We analyze spatial spreading in a population model with logistic growth and chemorepulsion. In a parameter range of short-range chemo-diffusion, we use geometric singular perturbation theory and functional-analytic farfield-core decompositions to identify spreading speeds with marginally stable front profiles. In particular, we identify a sharp boundary between between linearly determined, pulled propagation, and nonlinearly determined, pushed propagation, induced by the chemorepulsion. The results are motivated by recent work on singular limits in this regime using PDE methods (Griette et al 2023 J. Funct. Anal.
285 110115).
Elastic scattering of metastable positronium from antihydrogen
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Jun-Yi
Published: January 2025

The study of collision between metastable positronium (Ps) and antihydrogen ($\bar{\text{H}}$) is crucial for precision experiments involving $\bar{\text{H}}$. In this paper, we investigate the elastic scattering between $\bar{\text{H}}$ and Ps(2$s$) by combining the confined variational method with the projection method, for scattering energies from $0.0245$ eV to $0.068$ eV. Our calculations provide accurate phase shifts and cross sections for the $^{1,3}S$ and $^{1,3}P$ symmetries. Near the binding threshold, the rapid increase in the total cross section may be attributed to the $P$-wave resonance effect. Additionally, we determined the $S$-wave scattering lengths to be $9.34$~$a_0$ and $5.81$~$a_0$ for singlet and triplet elastic scattering, respectively.
A Study of Laser-induced Triangular Geometric Textures on Aluminum 6061
Authors: Farhan Hasif , Ishak Mahadzir , Rai Rahool , Halil Aiman bin Mohd , Quazi M. M.
Published: January 2025

The commercial applications of the Al 6061 alloy in the transportation, construction, and related engineering sectors are extensive. 6061 Aluminum alloy are widely utilized in the aerospace industry for aircraft fittings, automotive sectors for vehicle frameworks, and in the construction of robust, lightweight structures owing to their exceptional machinability and superior strength-to-weight ratio. Although the literature has examined the impact of surface chemistry and topography on wettability transition, the dominant mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Consequently, triangular geometric textures were investigated to evaluate hydrophobicity and optimize the laser parameters. The present study focuses on the processing and characterization of laser-induced triangular textured surfaces on aluminum 6061 alloy. Advanced techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, and contact angle measurement equipment, are employed to comprehensively analyze the surface characteristics, including microstructural features, surface chemistry, wettability, and optical properties.
Do oversimplified durability metrics undervalue biochar carbon dioxide removal?
Authors: Ringsby A J , Maher K
Published: January 2025

Soil amendment of biochar—the solid product of biomass pyrolysis—is one of few engineered strategies capable of delivering carbon dioxide removal (CDR) today. Quantifying CDR for biochar projects hinges critically on the durability of biochar materials once amended in soil. However, consensus on the definition of durability is still evolving, and as a result, standards developing organizations have generated a variety of different methodologies to assess the removal value of biochar projects. These methodologies primarily rely on single-parameter regression models to link the molar H/C ratio—an easily measurable bulk chemical metric—to the modeled durability of biochar materials. Specific deployment variables are not commonly considered. Thus, although H/C-based methodologies simplify project development and CDR assessment, questions remain as to how well they predict real project outcomes. Via a re-analysis of existing biochar incubation data and several case studies, we show that durability standards based on bulk compositional metrics are biased towards particular feedstocks and may not account for key environmental drivers. Without provisions for these factors, we find that existing assessment models appear to discount the removal value of biochar projects significantly. However, our conclusions rely on predictive models with important weaknesses and unknown uncertainty—pointing to a need to develop a use-aligned database. Limitations notwithstanding, our findings ultimately suggest the biochar ‘durability problem’ may be an artifact of the desire to simplistically define it. To reliably credit CDR, we propose a series of recommendations, including the creation of representative distributions for current feedstocks and environmental gradients to better align experimental data with real-world practices. Further, we suggest an approach to integrate in-field measurement protocols with existing strategies to evaluate CDR value, with potential to co-generate data to guide deployment, maximize agronomic co-benefits, and improve confidence in project integrity.
Long-wavelength interdomain phonons and instability of dislocations in small-angle twisted bilayers
Authors: Enaldiev V V
Published: January 2025

We develop a theory for long-wavelength phonons originating at dislocations separating domains in small-angle twisted homobilayers of two-dimensional materials such as graphene and MX
2 transition metal dichalcogenides (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se). We find that both partial and perfect dislocations, forming due to lattice relaxation in the twisted bilayers with parallel and antiparallel alignment of the unit cells of the constituent layers, respectively, support several one-dimensional subbands of the interdomain phonons. We show that the spectrum of the lowest gapless subband is characterized by imaginary frequencies for wave numbers below a critical value, dependent on the dislocation orientation, which indicates an instability for long enough straight partial and perfect dislocations. We argue that the pinning potential and/or small deformations of the dislocations can stabilize the gapless phonon spectra. The other subbands are gapped, with subband bottoms lying below the frequency of the interlayer shear mode in the domains, which facilitates their detection with the help of optical and magnetotransport techniques.
Interaction of dynamic magnetic island with bootstrap current in toroidal plasma
Authors: Chen Wenjin , Zhang Min , Ma Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Interaction of dynamic magnetic island with bootstrap current in toroidal plasmas is investigated based on the ﬁrst principles of kinetic simulation. The perturbed magnetic and electric fields associated with the dynamic magnetic island are calculated from a three-dimensional toroidal MHD code (CLT), instead of artificial imposed magnetic island perturbation. Inside the static magnetic island, the bootstrap current decreases as expected with the effective collision frequency. The radial electric field Er associated with dynamic island could cause the E×B drift, which can noticeably modify the bootstrap current distribution. If the bootstrap current turns on when the tearing mode saturates, the widths of magnetic islands ascend rapidly and saturate again for both static and dynamic cases. But the saturated island width of the dynamic case is smaller than that of the static case because the magnetic islands in the dynamic case is rotated due to strong asymmetric distribution of the bootstrap current in the vicinity of the X-points.
Introduction
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A
Published: January 2025

This chapter establishes the book’s central claims, foremost the argument that noncitizen immigrants encountered disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the American political economy on a state-by-state basis in the century between the Civil War and the civil rights era. It spotlights the importance of disputes over noncitizen voting rights, anti-alien apportionment schemes, blue-collar nativist hiring measures, anti-alien licensure policies, and marital repatriation law. All but the latter of these were most repeatedly and prominently contested in the domains of state politics and alienage law from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, a time more often remembered for ascendant federal powers in immigration politics and citizenship law. The introduction also challenges widespread depictions that state alienage laws were of peripheral significance to the history of American citizenship, laying out how Disparate Regimes illustrates the invention and evolution of many US citizenship rights as citizen-only rights in law and in popular perception.
The Labor of News Work and Journalism
Authors: Neilson Tai
Published: January 2025

The economic crisis of the journalism industry, technological changes, and industrial actions taken by news workers have raised academic interest in journalistic labor. Labor refers to the concrete, purposeful activities that create value under the conditions of capitalism. Labor process theory (LPT) is a critical approach to studying labor. It is concerned with work at the point of production, the technologies involved in work, the products of work, and workplace and class conflict. It bridges sociological and political economic approaches as a schema to inform journalism research.

Much of the research drawing on LPT has focused on the concept of control. Control refers to the power of capital and managers over workers and the labor process. Managers seek to increase the pace and duration of work to improve profitability. Journalism work is intensified through forms of labor reorganization, surveillance, and digital workspaces. Moreover, journalists’ roles and work hours are extended into 24/7 social media and web-publishing platforms. In professions such as journalism, control can also take the form of self-governance associated with appeals to values, competition, and trust. As such, LPT can be combined with feminist and Foucauldian approaches to subjectivity and power.

Terms like precarity, free labor, and emotional labor have become familiar concepts for understanding the experiences of journalism work. Precarity refers to atypical and insecure work (such as freelancing), as well as the subjective experience of uncertainty felt by many journalists. In addition to freelance and continuing employment, some journalistic labor is unpaid, such as internships and citizen journalism. Finally, as journalists take on marketing and community engagement roles, emotional labor describes the strategic management of journalists’ emotions as a requirement of their work and professional identity.
The Transnational Politics of Laos After 1975
Authors: Baird Ian G.
Published: January 2025

In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao, with strong support from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, was able to take full control over Laos, changing its name to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and adopting a one-party socialist political system modeled on those of Vietnam and the Soviet Union. Many political opponents of the new regime were sent to concentration camps in remote parts of the country, where they languished without proper food or medicine for many years without even trials. Others escaped across the Mekong River to Thailand, where they became political refugees living in and outside of refugee camps set up not far from the border. Before long, those opposed to the new government and their Vietnamese supporters started to politically and militarily resist. Because the Thai government would not allow them to stay permanently in Thailand, many became political refugees in the United States, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere, but that did not stop their political activity related to Laos. An overview of post-1975 transnational diasporic politics associated with Laos is provided here. This is done through following the experiences and political organizations that Khamphoui Sisavatdy, an elected member of the National Assembly of Laos in 1972, participated in after 1975, starting as a refugee staying in Nong Khai, northeastern Thailand, and then later as an immigrant to the United States. Even though he was living in the United States, Khamphoui and other first-generation Lao immigrants remained focused on the politics of Laos. The intention here is to complicate the understanding of national borders and politics to avoid the territorial trap that frequently affects political understandings. The example of Lao post-1975 transnational politics is useful for demonstrating how politics can transcend national boundaries in particular ways, ones not sufficiently investigated and documented in Southeast Asia.
Islamic Bioethics: Family Planning
Authors: Serour G. I.
Published: January 2025

The basic social unit in the Islamic society is the family. Family planning (FP) involves when, how often, how many children to have, and when to stop childbirth. Islam does not forbid FP (tanẓīm al–nasl). Islamic sharia provides guidance to promote, protect, and care for women’s and children’s health. Regarding Islamic bioethics under an international context, health care providers must be aware of their patients’ ethical background to provide quality health care service in concordance with their beliefs. Informative counseling holds significance in ensuring better concordance with treatment and providing a quality health care service that is culturally sensitive.
Comparative and (Micro-)Typological Approaches to the Analysis of Germanic Languages
Authors: König Ekkehard
Published: January 2025

Germanic languages (especially English, German) are among the best-described languages in the world and there is no shortage of studies on the ancestry of these languages, their subsequent differential developments and their characteristic properties reflecting this origin. Nor is there a shortage of synchronic studies with broad surveys of general features found in Germanic languages, in general, and of the specific properties found in individual members of this family. Given the important role of typology and other, more restricted, comparative approaches in current analyses and theorizing in linguistics, strikingly new insights can be gained by characterizing the Germanic family and its members from a comparative perspective. Instead of comparing the Germanic languages among themselves with the aim of finding shared characteristics, similarities, and differences, these languages can now be subjected to multiple comparisons with the aim of assessing their characteristic properties within large, representative samples of the world’s languages (typological comparison), within the languages of Europe (areal typology), or within other small convenience samples suitable to highlight specific contrasts (micro-typology). Moreover, contrastive analyses between pairs of this family can enable us to add depth of comparison to the breadth predominant in the more comprehensive comparative studies.

One of our central questions for current and future research on Germanic, therefore, is what kind of new insights into the characteristic properties of these languages have been gained, or can be gained, through different methods of comparison and the choice of different standards of comparison. What do cross-linguistic comparisons and fine-grained, in-depth studies reveal about the commonalities and difference between the members of this family? Reversing the direction of the comparisons, we can investigate possible contributions of Germanic linguistics to cross-linguistic studies, to the study of diversity, to the identification of parameters of variation, and to insights into general cross-linguistic tendencies.

Given that phonological and morphosyntactic properties have been the major focus of analyses so far and given recent advances in approaches to semantic analysis, more attention can now be given to semantics and the lexicon than is common in previous work. In addition to comparing grammatical structures, constructions, and subsystems, we are now also able to investigate in detail the differential encoding of meaning by comparable grammatical and lexical items.