bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peroxide-free redox initiating systems for polymerization in mild conditions
Authors: Arar Ahmad , Mousawi Assi Al , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Lalevée Jacques
Published: March 2021

Redox free radical polymerization (RFRP) is considered as a cost-effective technique for the production of polymers in a very short time scale and without any energy consumption.
Dynamic covalent chemistry for architecture changing interpenetrated and single networks
Authors: Wanasinghe Shiwanka V. , Schreiber Emily M. , Thompson Adam M. , Sparks Jessica L. , Konkolewicz Dominik
Published: March 2021

Dynamic single and interpenetrated materials were developed, with post polymerization network exchange enhancing the material properties.
Improving proton conduction of the Prussian blue analogue Cu3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O at low humidity by forming hydrogel composites
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Wang Hua-Jiang , Li Cui-Ping , Wang Xiao-Zu , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2021

Composites of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) adsorbed imidazole-acetic acid with polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel show excellent water-retention capacity and fast proton conduction at 25% RH in 298–353 K, herein X is the mass ratio of PBA to hydrogel.
Visible light-induced aerobic dioxygenation of α,β-unsaturated amides/alkenes toward selective synthesis of β-oxy alcohols using rose bengal as a photosensitizer
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhong , Tian Jing , Yuan Min , Peng Wan-Qi , Wang Yu-Zhu , Wang Peng , Liu Long , Gou Quan , Huang Huisheng , Chen Tieqiao
Published: March 2021

The first visible light-induced aerobic dioxygenation of alkenes for the selective synthesis of β-oxy alcohols was developed using non-toxic rose bengal as a photosensitizer.
Correction: Strongly coupled Mn3O4-porous organic polymer hybrid: a robust, durable and potential nanocatalyst for alcohol oxidation reactions
Authors: Dhanalaxmi Karnekanti , Singuru Ramana , Kundu Sudipta K. , Reddy Benjaram Mahipal , Bhaumik Asim , Mondal John
Published: March 2021

Correction for ‘Strongly coupled Mn3O4-porous organic polymer hybrid: a robust, durable and potential nanocatalyst for alcohol oxidation reactions’ by Karnekanti Dhanalaxmi et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 36728–36735, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA07200C.
An amino acid based system for CO2capture and catalytic utilization to produce formates
Authors: Wei Duo , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2021

A novel amino acid based reaction system for CO2capture and utilization (CCU) to produce formates is presented applying a ruthenium-based catalyst. Noteworthy, CO2can be captured from ambient air and converted to formates in one-pot (TON > 50 000).
NHC-catalyzed covalent activation of heteroatoms for enantioselective reactions
Authors: Song Runjiang , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: March 2021

Covalent activation of heteroatoms enabled by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organic catalysts for enantioselective reactions is evaluated and summarized in this review.
A solid electrolyte interphase to protect the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) composite for Li–S batteries: computational approach addressing the electrolyte/SPAN interfacial reactivity
Authors: Perez Beltran Saul , Balbuena Perla B.
Published: March 2021

Multiple interfacial reactions due to reduction of electrolyte components contribute to the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase layer on SPAN cathodes in an overdischarge regime close to 0 V.
A fluorescence-switchable carbon dot for the reversible turn-on sensing of molecular oxygen
Authors: Zhao Yanmin , Geng Xin , Shi Xinxin , Guo Yifei , Sun Yuanqiang , Qu Lingbo , Li Zhaohui
Published: March 2021

CDs were used as a reversible probe for the fluorescence turn-on detection of molecular oxygen. These CDs possessed a short time towards oxygen. The developed CDs can be processed into safety ink and oxygen sensor test strips.
CaSc2O4 hosted upconversion and downshifting luminescence
Authors: Wei Tian , Han Yingdong , Wei Yang , Gao Chao , Ma Hui , Zhang Fan , Bao Shuyi , Jing Su , Huang Ling
Published: March 2021

Nanomaterials of CaSc2O4:Yb/Ln (Ln = Tb, Eu) were investigated for dual-mode luminescence generation, where strong upconversion with a green/red intensity ratio as high as 45 and downshifting blue emissions were obtained at the characteristic working wavelengths of Yb3+ (980 nm) and Tb3+ (280 nm), respectively.
Enhanced BP decoding schemes of polar codes
Authors: Zhang Si‐yu , Shahrrava Behnam
Published: March 2021

In this paper, two decoding schemes for polar codes based on the belief propagation (BP) algorithm are proposed. The basic idea of the proposed schemes, called “interleaved BP” (I‐BP) and “multiple‐candidates BP” (M‐BP), is to construct multiple candidates with different reliability values from the received signal and to decode each candidate by a BP decoder. Then, the output of the BP decoder that meets the stopping criterion or the maximum likelihood (ML) rule is chosen as the decoded data. Simulation results show that both the proposed polar decoders outperform the one based only on a single conventional BP decoder. In conjunction with each of the proposed schemes, a feedback structure is also proposed to achieve more performance gain. The proposed feedback structure takes as input the output of each BP decoder, and enhances the a posteriori information of reliable bits and flips unreliable bits. Then, the processed information is fed back into its corresponding decoder. Simulation results show that the performance gain of the proposed schemes with this feedback, compared to the ones without the feedback, may be as large as 1 dB at a frame‐error rate on frequency selective channels and 2 dB at a frame‐error rate of 0.07 on doubly selective channels.
When tension is just a fluctuation
Authors: Joachimi B. , Köhlinger F. , Handley W. , Lemos P.
Published: March 2021

Summary statistics of likelihood, such as Bayesian evidence, offer a principled way of comparing models and assessing tension between, or within, the results of physical experiments. Noisy realisations of the data induce scatter in these model comparison statistics. For a realistic case of cosmological inference from large-scale structure, we show that the logarithm of the Bayes factor attains scatter of order unity, increasing significantly with stronger tension between the models under comparison. We develop an approximate procedure that quantifies the sampling distribution of the evidence at a small additional computational cost and apply it to real data to demonstrate the impact of the scatter, which acts to reduce the significance of any model discrepancies. Data compression is highlighted as a potential avenue to suppressing noise in the evidence to negligible levels, with a proof of concept demonstrated using Planck cosmic microwave background data.
Macrozoobenthos assemblage patterns in European carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds − the importance of emersed macrophyte beds
Authors: Kajgrova Lenka , Adamek Zdenek , Regenda Jan , Bauer Christian , Stejskal Vlastimil , Pecha Oldrich , Hlavac David
Published: March 2021

Qualitative and quantitative differences in benthic macrozoobenthos distribution in carp pond littoral zones (macrophyte areas; LM) and pelagic zones (macrophyte-free areas; MF) were assessed in four commercial carp (Cyprinus carpio) grow-out ponds in the Czech Republic (semi-intensive management) and Austria (organic management) monthly over the growing season (June-September) of 2016 and 2017. While differences in environmental parameters and granulometric composition between LM and MF were statistically non-significant (p> 0.05), organic matter content was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in LM. Average macrozoobenthos density and biomass in LM (mean 431 ind.m−2and 6.78 g.m−2) was usually significantly higher (p> 0.05) than MF (371 ind.m−2and 3.17 g.m−2). A similar trend was observed for zoobenthos diversity, with LM having a higher diversity (76 taxa) than MF (47 taxa). At the start of the growing season, chironomid density was higher (p< 0.05) in muddy MF zones, regardless of management type, while oligochaete density was higher in muddy LM. The density of both groups later declined, such that density was significantly higher (p> 0.05) in sandy substrates, regardless of habitat or management type. Our data suggest a significant drop in macrozoobenthos density and biomass compared with historical data, mainly due to new management techniques (fertilisation, supplementary feeding) and intensification (higher stock densities), suggesting that pond management is crucial as regards benthic invertebrate development and diversity. Our results indicate that emersed LM beds positively influence macrozoobenthos performance in carp ponds, potentially making them biodiversity hotspots. Further, LM beds can be regarded as invertebrate harbours, and hence should be protected and encouraged.
Designing a new medicine supply chain network considering production technology policy using two novel heuristic algorithms
Authors: Goodarzian Fariba , Hoseini-Nasab Hassan , Toloo Mehdi , Fakhrzad Mohammad Bagher
Published: March 2021

The role of medicines in health systems is increasing day by day. The medicine supply chain is a part of the health system that if not properly addressed, the concept of health in that community is unlikely to experience significant growth. To fill gaps and available challenging in the medicine supply chain network (MSCN), in the present paper, efforts have been made to propose a location-production-distribution-transportation-inventory holding problem for a multi-echelon multi-product multi-period bi-objective MSCN network under production technology policy. To design the network, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model capable of minimizing the total costs of the network and the total time the transportation is developed. As the developed model was NP-hard, several meta-heuristic algorithms are used and two heuristic algorithms, namely, Improved Ant Colony Optimization (IACO) and Improved Harmony Search (IHS) algorithms are developed to solve the MSCN model in different problems. Then, some experiments were designed and solved by an optimization solver called GAMS (CPLEX) and the presented algorithms to validate the model and effectiveness of the presented algorithms. Comparison of the provided results by the presented algorithms and the exact solution is indicative of the high-quality efficiency and performance of the proposed algorithm to find a near-optimal solution within reasonable computational time. Hence, the results are compared with commercial solvers (GAMS) with the suggested algorithms in the small-sized problems and then the results of the proposed meta-heuristic algorithms with the heuristic methods are compared with each other in the large-sized problems. To tune and control the parameters of the proposed algorithms, the Taguchi method is utilized. To validate the proposed algorithms and the MSCN model, assessment metrics are used and a few sensitivity analyses are stated, respectively. The results demonstrate the high quality of the proposed IACO algorithm.
Fachberufe im Gesundheitssystem: 2020 – Internationales Jahr der Pflegekräfte und Hebammen
Authors: Fabisch Gottlobe , Leippert Claudia
Published: March 2021

Die WHO hat 2020 – das Jahr des 200. Geburtstags von Florence Nightingale – zum internationalen Jahr der professionell Pflegenden und Hebammen erklärt. Der Deutsche Berufsverband für Pflegeberufe forderte bereits im Frühjahr 2020 „grundsätzliche und umfassende Reformen“ und erläuterte: „… die (Corona-)Krise hat auf dramatische Weise Werte und Prioritäten verändert, die Schwachstellen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen offengelegt …“– und gleichzeitig klargestellt, welch immense Bedeutung die Pflegeberufe in diesem System tatsächlich haben 1.
Aktueller Stand der Mammasonografie
Authors: Riffel Julia
Published: March 2021

Beim Screening und in der kurativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms ist die Mammografie die Bildgebung der Wahl. Der Brustultraschall ist jedoch ein weiterer Baustein in der Brustbildgebung und wesentlich, um z. B. Befunde aus der digitalen Mammografie oder der dynamischen MRT zu bewerten, eine Läsion als gut- oder bösartig zu klassifizieren oder verdächtige Läsionen zu biopsieren.
KI-gestützte Selbstvermessung der Psyche: Philosophisch-ethische Implikationen
Authors: Friedrich Orsolya , Seifert Johanna , Schleidgen Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Ziel Zunehmend werden KI-basierte Anwendungen entwickelt, die Nutzende dabei unterstützen sollen, ihre Emotionen, Überzeugungen und Verhaltensmuster digital zu erfassen, zu verwalten und zu verändern. Solche Formen der Selbstvermessung im Bereich der menschlichen Psyche können vielfältige medizinische Vorteile in Diagnostik, Prävention und Therapie haben. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche philosophisch-ethischen Herausforderungen gegenüber diesen Vorteilen abgewogen werden sollten.

Methode Zunächst werden einige KI-basierte Anwendungen zur Selbstvermessung psychischer Eigenschaften und Prozesse skizziert. Im Anschluss werden relevante philosophisch-ethische Implikationen aufgezeigt.

Ergebnisse Folgende Aspekte erweisen sich als normativ relevant: Verbesserung versus Verminderung von Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit; Verbesserung der Selbstkenntnis versus Entfremdung; positive versus negative Aspekte eigenverantwortlicher Gesundheitsfürsorge; epistemische Herausforderungen von KI-Anwendungen; Schwierigkeiten von konzeptionellen und normativen Festlegungen in den Anwendungen.
Regionale Differenzen in der Diabetesprävalenz – Bestimmt der Wohnort das Diabetesrisiko?
Authors: Landgraf Rüdiger , Neubauer Günter , Erik Henriksen Hans , Niedermeier Christina , Wolfenstetter Katharina
Published: March 2021

Laut International Diabetes Federation (IDF) lag die Zahl der Personen mit Diabetes im Jahr 2019 weltweit bei ca. 463 Millionen. Für den enormen Anstieg des Typ-2-Diabetes ist nicht nur die längere Lebenserwartung der Bevölkerung, sondern auch ein effektiveres Screening und insbesondere der „moderne“ Lebensstil („toxische“ Ernährungsumgebung, körperliche Inaktivität, ungesunde Urbanisierung, stressbeladene Arbeitsplätze) verantwortlich. Unterschiede in der Diabetesprävalenz lassen sich international, national, aber auch regional und lokal feststellen. Zudem besteht ein deutliches Stadt-Land-Gefälle, wobei zukünftig die Diabetesprävalenz insbesondere in den Megastädten weiter dramatisch zunehmen wird. Der Wohnort als Bezugseinheit gibt die Verhältnisse und sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen einer Person wieder. Um diese Sachlage in München zu untersuchen, wurde eine Studie zur wissenschaftlichen Erfassung der Diabetessituation in Wohngebieten und Wohnorten Münchens durchgeführt, die mit ausgewählten sozioökonomischen Wohnortbedingungen in Verbindung gesetzt wurde. Soziodemografische Faktoren, die mit der Prävalenz des Typ-2-Diabetes assoziiert werden, sind: Alter zwischen 65–79 Jahre, Menschen über 80 Jahre, Arbeitslosigkeit bei Personen zwischen 55–65 Jahre, Sozialhilfeempfänger, niedrige Einkommenssteuer und nicht-verheiratete Paare. Als Beispiel für das Verhalten in Gesundheitsfragen kann das Körpergewicht/Übergewicht betrachtet werden, das ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Manifestation und Progression eines Typ-2-Diabetes ist. Übergewicht bei Kindern kann mit der Diabetesprävalenz der Erwachsenen korreliert werden. Die Diabetesprävalenz zeigte in München deutliche innerstädtische Unterschiede. Dies bietet große Möglichkeiten in den Diabetes-Hotspots Münchens nicht nur allgemeine Betreuungs- und Versorgungsdefizite zu adressieren, sondern auch gezielte Kampagnen zur Primär- und Sekundärprävention zu initiieren. Die dänische Hauptstadt Kopenhagen hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einer Vorzeigestadt für urbanes Leben entwickelt und zeigt im internationalen Vergleich eine relativ geringe Diabetesprävalenz von 5,1 %. Projektionsmodelle für das Jahr 2040 weisen für die Stadt Kopenhagen auf einen deutlichen Anstieg der Prävalenz auf 6,7 % hin. Aufgrund dessen entstand eine auf 10 Jahre angelegte Gesundheitsstrategie (2015–2025) mit dem Titel „Enjoy life, Copenhageners!“, die nicht ausschließlich auf Gesundheit, sondern vor allem auf Lebensqualität und einen gerechten Zugang zu dieser abzielt.
Pediatric Stomach and Duodenal Imaging
Authors: SK Pritviraj , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Jana Manisha , Sharma Raju , Gupta Arun Kumar
Published: March 2021

Pediatric stomach and duodenum abnormalities constitute a unique spectrum of conditions unlike adults which are categorized broadly into congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic and miscellaneous conditions. The aim of this article is to describe the role of imaging modalities in gastric and duodenal pathology in children. Some of the entities are unique to this age group and their imaging findings are also highlighted.
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering and dynamic mechanobiology
Authors: Shi Huaiyu , Wang Chenyan , Ma Zhen
Published: March 2021

Since the term “smart materials” was put forward in the 1980s, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have been used as powerful tools in tissue engineering, mechanobiology, and clinical applications. For the purpose of myocardial repair and regeneration, stimuli-responsive biomaterials are employed to fabricate hydrogels and nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs and cells, which have been proved to alleviate disease progression and enhance tissue regeneration. By reproducing the sophisticated and dynamic microenvironment of the native heart, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have also been used to engineer dynamic culture systems to understand how cardiac cells and tissues respond to progressive changes in extracellular microenvironments, enabling the investigation of dynamic cell mechanobiology. Here, we provide an overview of stimuli-responsive biomaterials used in cardiovascular research applications, with a specific focus on cardiac tissue engineering and dynamic cell mechanobiology. We also discuss how these smart materials can be utilized to mimic the dynamic microenvironment during heart development, which might provide an opportunity to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis and cardiac maturation.
Numerical analysis of suction and blowing effect on boundary layer slip flow of Casson fluid along with permeable exponentially stretching cylinder
Authors: Jalil M. , Iqbal W.
Published: March 2021

The present study is about the numerical analysis of Casson fluid’s boundary layer slip flow beneath the impact of suction/blowing past a permeable cylinder stretching exponentially. The modeled partial differential equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the appropriate nonlinear transformation. The Keller box procedure, a tool famous for its numerical achievements, is used. The impact of relevant physical parameters like suction, Casson fluid, and Reynolds number and slip parameters on temperature and velocity distribution is studied and shown through graphs. The change in physical quantities like the Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient with respect to variation of the parameters mentioned earlier was also examined. Their values are given in the form of a table. To ensure authenticity of the numerical procedure, outcomes of the present investigations are compared with previous works, and strong agreement is noticed.
Analysis of dynamics and spatial structure on the filament during type I ELMy H-mode using VUVI system on EAST
Authors: Shi Qiqi , Ming Tingfeng , Zhuang Qing , Long Feifei , Li Bang , Gao Shanlu , Deng Guozhong , Liu Shaocheng , Wang Yumin , Liu Xiaoju , Zeng Long , Liu Xiaolan , Gao Xiang
Published: March 2021

In type I ELMy H-mode experiment, Edge localized mode (ELM) filaments are clearly captured by the high-speed vacuum ultraviolet imaging (VUVI) system which is developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. To analyze the ELM filament structures, the so-called singular value decomposition is performed on the imaging data to extract the key fluctuating components. In this work, the filament structure is characterized by the pitch angle and poloidal width. In a single ELM crash, it is found that the poloidal width increases (decreases) in the rise (decay) phase of the VUVI intensity induced by ELM crash. The pitch angle derived from the VUVI data agrees well with that calculated by the Equilibrium FITting code, indicating the filaments are aligned with the field lines. The poloidal velocity shows no obvious change during the rise and decay phases in an ELM crash. In addition, both the poloidal width and the poloidal velocity of the filament increase with the heating power. Since the filament structures are extracted from the line-integrated imaging data, all these results are obtained on the condition that the ELMs are confined to a narrow layer in the plasma.
Australian Soil Classification
Authors: Isbell R ,   National Committee on Soil and Terrain
Published: March 2021

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education.

Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This third edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST). The main change in this edition accommodates new knowledge and understanding of the significance, nature, distribution and refined testing for soils comprising deep sands, leading to the inclusion of a new Order, the Arenosols. The introduction of the Arenosols Order led to a review and changes to Calcarosols, Tenosols and Rudosols.

The Australian Soil Classification is Volume 4 in the Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbooks Series.
Changes of lignin biosynthesis in tobacco leaves during maturation
Authors: Song Zhaopeng , Wang Daibin , Gao Yabei , Li Changjun , Jiang Houlong , Zhu Xiaowei , Zhang Hongying
Published: March 2021

Lignin is one of the most valuable renewable industrial materials. To elucidate the mechanism via which lignin is synthesised, we compared the lignin content, leaf hardness, cell wall thickness of palisade tissue, and gene expression patterns of lignin biosynthetic enzymes in three tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties during maturation. The results consistently showed that during maturation, the accumulation of lignin gradually increased in tobacco leaves, reaching a peak at full maturity (45 days after topping), and then gradually decreased. Similarly, the transcript level analysis revealed that the gene expression pattern of NtPAL, NtC4H, NtCCoAOMT and NtCOMT were relatively high, and consistent with the lignin content changes. Thus, the four genes may play regulatory roles in the synthesis of tobacco lignin. Analysis of tissue expression patterns of the lignin synthesis-related gene showed that the NtPAL, NtC4H, Nt4CL, NtHCT, NtCCoAOMT, NtCOMT, NtCCR, NtCAD, and NtPAO were all expressed in stems, roots, and leaves. NtC3H and NtF5H were specifically expressed in stems and roots, and not in leaves. Consistently, the NtC3H promoter induced high GUS expression in stems and petioles, marginal in roots, and no GUS activity in leaves. These results provide insights into molecular regulation of lignin biosynthesis in tobacco.
Evolution of the brass microstructure during rolling in relief and smooth rolls
Authors: Naizabekov A B , Lezhnev S N , Volokitina I E , Panin E A
Published: March 2021

One of the most promising technologies for rolling thick-sheet metal, during which shear deformations are realized both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, is rolling in rolls with a relief surface in the form of annular channels that form trapezoidal protrusions and depressions that alternate one after another along the entire length of the barrel. At the same time, a relief with an unequal ratio of the protrusion to the depression is applied to the rolls. In this case, the gap between the rolls in all directions retains the value of the distance between the rolls, i.e. when deforming in these rolls, only the net shear scheme is implemented. This method of applying a relief surface to the rolls allows to save metal, reduce the required deformation force and labor and energy costs due to the reduced number of metal passes through the working stands. During the micro structure study of brass blanks rolled on existing and proposed technologies it was revealed that the original grain after the traditional deformation process is reduced from 22 µm to 9 µm, and after the proposed technology it is reduced from 22 µm to 3 µm.
Methodology for estimating appropriate work parameters of motor vehicle and tractor maintenance and troubleshooting stations in farms of Kostanay Region Kazakhstan
Authors: Bondareva G I , Toigonbaev S K , Evgrafov V A , Didmanidze O N
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a methodology for estimating an optimal zone of motor vehicle and tractor maintenance as well as an approach to calculate total discounted costs for maintenance and troubleshooting of motor vehicles and tractors in a production department. The proposed methodology allows substantiating an appropriate use of company motor vehicles and tractors for implementing mechanized operations in crop farming.
Methodology for substantiating optimal location of oil storage, supply and transportation facilities in agricultural and industrial companies of Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan
Authors: Bondareva G I , Toigonbaev S K , Didmanidze O N
Published: March 2021

This article proposes a methodology for substantiating an optimal location of oil storage facilities in agricultural and industrial companies, for estimating a consumption of fuel and greases, a placement of reserves and their operational distribution in the company. This approach allows reducing costs on providing consumers with petroleum products and saving fuel and oil when operating motor vehicles and tractors.
Tool for assessing the quality of electricity from renewable energy sources
Authors: Belitsyn I V , Khomutov S O , Shendrik A V
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of quality control of electrical energy. A method for increasing the accuracy of measurements at the software level is considered in detail, using the example of a Hall sensor. Determination of the Hall sensor hardware function is based on the assumption of a stationary current density distribution. It is shown that the hardware function of the sensor has a characteristic maximum, which must be taken into account when determining the quality indicators of electrical energy in electrical networks. The results of modeling the potential distribution in the Hall sensor are presented. The influence of the geometric linear dimensions of the sensor on the instrumental function is analyzed.
Effects of structural formation in the implementation of the technology for obtaining asphalt concrete mixtures with phosphogypsum and other additives
Authors: Ignat’yev A A , Gotovtsev V M , Razgovorov P B
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the effects of structural formation in dispersed systems and composite materials obtained using the technology of asphalt concrete with up to 30% phosphogypsum included in the mixture. The study of physicochemical and consumer properties of such systems and materials involved using the method of study of surface effects (measurement of a contact angle). One of such materials is bitumen with a non-traditional additive polyethylene terephthalate. The presented microphotographs of modified asphalt concrete mixtures allow to study the changes in the state of bitumen surface. Differential-scanning calorimetry is used to register thermal effects arising from the implementation of technology to modify the properties of materials. It is revealed that obtaining asphalt concrete mixture by pelletizing provides the necessary indicators of the hardened material’s compressive strength. It is determined that the water resistance of asphalt concrete increases at simultaneous introduction of polyethylene terephthalate and industrial waste powder — phosphogypsum — into dispersed system. It is also determined that the specified additives synergistically affect the consumer properties of bitumen and achieve the positive effect of structural formation in asphalt-binding materials, which reveals new prospects of their use in road building.
Possibility of creating composite materials with self-diagnosis function based on the effect of mechanoluminescence
Authors: Tatmyshevskiy K V , Pavlov D D
Published: March 2021

The increasing productivity of modern information processing systems opens up new possibilities for various technical devices. The ability to very quickly analyze a large amount of information allows you to constantly improve technical systems, including autonomous ones. Sensors or primary converters are used to obtain information about the surrounding world or external influences in technical systems. However, modern technologies make it possible to create materials with desired properties - composite materials. The programmable properties of materials can be strength, rigidity, resistance to mechanical, chemical and temperature influences, but it is especially worth noting the possibility of obtaining materials with specified informative properties. These materials include composites containing mechanoluminescent substances. Such materials can simultaneously be housings of any devices or enclosing structures, they can be parts of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures and at the same time play the role of shock and destruction sensors. Using such materials, you can create panels with a self-diagnostic function.
Development of an epoxy inhibiting primer using barium manganate (IV) as a pigment
Authors: Ziganshina M R , Ziganshin I A , Katnov V E , Hannanov A M
Published: March 2021

The properties of anticorrosive coatings based on epoxy resin pigmented with barium manganate (IV) produced by ceramic method have been investigated. Electrochemical tests of coatings based on the developed primer showed inhibiting properties with respect to corrosion processes and also demonstrated that the coatings retain a high adhesion even after exposure to an electrolyte solution for 1000 hours. It has been established that the inclusion of the synthesized pigment in the coatings increases their ability to inhibit sub-film corrosion in steel.
The study of the possibility of X-ray inspection of fiber-optic sensors embedded into the structure of a polymer composite material
Authors: Shipunov G S , Nikiforov A S , Baranov M A , Tihonova A A , Tretyakov A A
Published: March 2021

Annotation. Currently, during the operation of structures, it is important to use the so-called systems for monitoring the state of structures, which in real time allow you to monitor changes in temperature and deformation fields. To diagnose the condition in such systems, various sensors are used, for example, strain gauges, fiber-optic, piezoluminescent. Most modern monitoring systems use fiberoptic sensors because they have more advantages and fewer disadvantages than other sensors. When monitoring the state of a structure, fiber sensors are mounted on the surface of the structure, however, when monitoring structures made of composite materials, it is possible to introduce fiber lines directly into the structure of the composite material at the stage of manufacturing the structure. When fiber lines are introduced into the structure of a composite material, a number of difficulties arise, namely, due to the fragility of fiber lines, breaks are possible both at the exit from the structure and inside. When considering polymer composite materials, the problem of the location of fiber sensors arises due to the resin flow during the process of forming structures. The solution to the problems described above can be the creation of the so-called Smart-layer, in which the fiber lines will be rigidly fixed, which will protect the fiber from breaking, and limit the movement of the fiber during the formation of structures. Thus, within the framework of this work, we investigate the issue associated with the assessment of the location of fiber sensors in the Smart layer after the formation mode. The location of the sensors after the structure is formed is investigated by radiation methods of non-destructive testing.
The use of polymer composite materials in cylindrical gears
Authors: Medunetsky V M , Zenkov V A , Abramchuk M V , Yu Perepelkina S
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the use of PCM-polymer composite materials in the construction of cylindrical gears. Various types of composite materials and their characteristics for gear links of cylindrical gears, in particular with an asymmetric profile, as well as shell forming matrices for their manufacture from PCM are considered. The main issues of ensuring the accuracy of PCM gears for assessing their quality level are presented.
Thermal imaging method for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the acceptable heat losses in configurations of structures in the diagnosis of buildings
Authors: Fedosov S V , Fedoseev V N , Loginova S A
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the possibility of using a hardware thermometric diagnostic method based on a thermal imaging device in energy-intensive low-rise industries. The proposed optoelectronic device, a thermal imager, can operate in real time, store and process information, and transmit the received data to the consumer. The solution, the creation of a model - an algorithm with software, can be used for the purpose of obtaining numerical values of heat losses and the accompanying characteristics of differentiated temperature states with the surface heat transfer coefficient.
Mechanochemical method for recycling construction industry waste
Authors: Abramov M A , Stepanov E G , Dobrokhotov V B , Egorov E S
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the use of metallurgical slag, which served as insulation in the floors of residential buildings, as a secondary technogenic raw materials. The principal possibility of creating components from it for reaction powder concrete using the method of Mechanochemistry has been shown.
Construction of primitive cells of the cubic syngony on the basis of the molecular acoustics method
Authors: Yurchenko S A
Published: March 2021

Topicality of the present article is connected with introduction of new verifying condition, which is required for estimation of structures of cores of the “elementary” lattices of the body-centred cell and face-centred cell (these lattices were proposed in accordance with the Bravais theory), on the basis of theoretical calculations of the ultrasonic velocities, which are directed along the edges of the selected cells and which are verified with the help of the experimental data that were obtained in accordance with the molecular analysis method. The purpose of the present investigation was as follows: to carry out evaluation of the core structures of the elementary and primitive cells of the body-centred and face-centred cell of the crystal lattice of the cubic syngony (for alpha iron and cuprum) in respect of their conformity with methods of the molecular acoustics. The method of the present investigation is based on comparison of values of the ultrasonic velocities (longitudinal velocity, transversal velocity, and velocity within the rod), which were calculated on the basis of the relevant theory and which are transmitted over edges of the primitive cell that is constructed (for alpha iron and cuprum), with the values of these velocities of the ultrasound, which were obtained experimentally with the help of the molecular acoustics method for these materials. Introduction of the additional criterion (requirement) in respect of selection of the least cell on the basis of the molecular analysis has made it possible to draw the conclusion that cores of the “elementary” cells of the body-centred and face-centred crystal lattices, which are determined in accordance with the Bravais theory and which are assumed as the basis of the analysis with the help of the analytic geometry method, are inconsistent with actually existing mechanism of transmission of the ultrasound over the interatomic bonds (edges of the cell). In addition, this conclusion has made it possible to reveal new type (that is, a new syngony), which is the basis of the core structure of these “elementary” cells. The theoretically calculated ultrasound velocities, which are directed along the edges of the primitive cell of the new type (for alpha iron and for cuprum), have been coincident with high accuracy with the values of the longitudinal and transversal sound velocity, as well as with the sound velocity within the rod, which were experimentally established with the help of the molecular acoustics method.
Security management at facilities vulnerable to attack model development
Authors: Ukraintceva D A , Burlov V G , Sipovich D E , Gryzunov V V , Kapitsyn S Y
Published: March 2021

The article describes the development of a ‘security management at facility vulnerable to attack model’. The result is the creation of a mathematical model of managerial decisions. The concept of synthesis-based management is presented. The approach is based on the resolution of the inverse control problem. It is shown that a human decision lies at the core of security management at vulnerable to attack facilities.
Features of high-temperature synthesis in mechanoactivated gamma-irradiated mixtures of triple systems Ti-Al-C and Ti-Al-Nb
Authors: Sobachkin A V , Yu Myasnikov A , Sitnikov A A , Loginova M V , Yakovlev V I , Gradoboev A V
Published: March 2021

Effects of gamma-irradiation on the process of SHS of mechanoactivated mixtures Ti-Al-C and Ti-Al-Nb were studied. Mechanical activation was performed for 7 minutes in planetary ball mill at energy intensity 40 g. SHS was initiated by induction heating with varying time of annealing. Gamma-irradiation was performed on 60Co isotope to absorbed dose 3·104 Gy. Structural parameters of cells of components were calculated. Gamma-irradiation affects components of triple systems in different ways, leading to unsystematic changes in elementary cells. After SHS in powder mixture 80% Ti + 12% Al + 8% C without gamma-irradiation, it was found that product contains Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2, TiC and unreacted C. Irradiated mixture react fully - diffractogram identifies Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and TiC. Annealing for 2 minutes produces a product with dominant Ti2AlC. SHS in mixture 45% Ti + 12% Al + 43% Nb revealed that product consists of Ti2AlNb, B2-phase, α2-phase and residual Nb and Ti. During synthesis in irradiated mixture without annealing, diffractograms show decrease in level of diffuse background and increase in values of reflection intensities, structural state of products is stabilized. Effect of gamma-irradiation contributes to growth of phases and stabilization of structure synthesized product.
Complex diffusion saturation of carbon steel 1045 with boron, chromium, titanium and silicon
Authors: Guryev A M , Ivanov S G , Guryev M A , Mei S , Quan Z
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of a diffusion layer upon saturation of steel 1045 with boron together with chromium, titanium and silicon. The results of tests of diffusion coatings on steel 1045 obtained by simultaneous diffusion saturation with boron, chromium, titanium and silicon under the action of a sulfuric acid solution under conditions of abrasive wear are presented. A comparison is made of the service life of knives for shredding lead-acid batteries made of steel HARDOX 600 and steel 1045 after diffusion saturation with boron, chromium, titanium and silicon. It was found that the simultaneous strengthening with boron, chromium, titanium and silicon made it possible to increase the operational durability of knives for shredding lead-acid batteries by 2.4 times. The possibility of highly efficient use of products made of simple carbon steel with a multicomponent (B + Cr + Ti + Si) diffusion coating instead of products made of hardened alloy steel is shown.
Multi-phase ion-plasma Cu-Ti coatings deposited on copper and copper beryllium alloy
Authors: Kolubaev A V , Sizova O V , Denisova Yu A , Leonov A A , Teryukalova N V , Novitskaya O S
Published: March 2021

The paper presents outcomes of vacuum-arc plasma-assisted deposition of titanium, titanium nitride and copper on copper (C11000) and the hardened copper beryllium alloy (C17200) at a temperature of 320÷k330°C. The study has revealed that multi-phase coatings form when varying discharge currents generated by arc evaporators and supply sequences of producer gas (argon) and nitrogen. An X-ray phase analysis has demonstrated these coatings to consist of copper, titanium and CuTi, CuTi2 and TiN compounds. Another important outcome to emerge from the study is that ion-plasma processing results in ageing of copper beryllium alloy and furthers the formation of CuBe particles. The microhardness of Cu-Ti coatings is as high as 400÷540 HV0.02 provided that the elements are vacuum-arc deposited at a temperature of 320÷k330°C. The microhardness of a nitrogenized Cu-TiN surface layer is measured to be 760 HV0.05. The thickness of deposited coatings is within several micrometers, so the measured hardness hardly complies with the real characteristic of coatings because the indenter breaks a thin hard layer. In addition, vacuum-arc sputtering of titanium and copper cause metal drops on the surface, as a consequence, the hardness of coatings is below referential values.
Obtaining and painting properties of red iron oxide pigment from spent pickling solutions
Authors: Xolmurodov T A , Svetlakov A P , Mirzaev O O , Katnov V E , Mirzayeva M A
Published: March 2021

A technique has been developed for producing iron oxide pigment based on galvanic waste. The effect of the norm, concentration and nature of the precipitant, temperature and time on the deposition of Fe(OH)3 was studied. To determine the effect of the nature of the neutralizer on the phase composition of the pigments, an X-ray phase and thermogravimetric analysis was carried out. It was established that the main phase is Ca2Fe2O5, and p-Ca2SiO4 is present as an impurity. The basic physicochemical properties of the obtained pigment were studied.
Kinetic modeling and analysis of pyrolysis of polymethyl methacrylate using isoconversional methods
Authors: Koraiem Handawy M , Yu Snegirev A , Stepanov V V , Talalov V A
Published: March 2021

Pyrolysis the waste plastic into fuel is a promising way to protect the environment. In this study, we study the thermal decomposition processes of polymer Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA. This work used the microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) as a tool to study the degradation. MCC is an applicable method to calculate the material combustion parameters by using milligram samples. The experiments were carried out at four heating rates 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 K/s. The temperature range in which the pyrolysis reaction occurs is « 300-470 oC. We applied several isoconversional methods such as Friedman, Ozawa, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) to estimate the apparent activation energy of thermal degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Determine the activation energy from each method evaluated against the experimental data. With investigation, the FWO method shown much higher values for activation energy for PMMA polymer more than the other two methods, and the average value much higher than the Friedman and KAS methods. On the other hand, as a differential method, Friedman showed more accurate results Ea=216.65kJ/mol, and KAS method 228.61 kJ/mol. Our investigation may give a few experiences to how to more readily portray trial results with hypothetical expectations and essential data for calculating the activation energy of potential pyrolysis reactors.
Structure and properties of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy obtained by selective laser melting
Authors: Saprykin A A , Sharkeev Yu P , Saprykina N A , Khimich M A , Ibragimov E A
Published: March 2021

Cobalt-based heat-resistant alloys have unique properties that are used in corrosive environments and at high temperatures. The addition of chromium improves resistance to hot corrosion, while molybdenum improves corrosion resistance and strength. When machining a workpiece of a heat-resistant alloy, up to half of the material goes into chips and goes to processing. Modern trends in the development of additive technologies are aimed at saving material, introducing new materials and improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of the resulting products. Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the additive methods for obtaining bulk metal products and is one of the most promising directions in the development of science and technology in recent years. This paper describes the porosity (the average value was 14 ± 5%), the structure and properties of alloy samples obtained by selective laser melting in the following modes: laser power - 100 W, scanning speed - 350 mm / s, thickness of the applied powder layer - 25 um, scanning step - 100 um, frequency of pulse-periodic laser action (modulations) - 2.5 kHz from a spherical powder of the CoCrMo alloy (66 wt% Co, 28 wt% Cr, 6 wt% Mo).
In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) in Wistar rats
Authors: Conde Gabriel , de Carvalho Júlia Ribeiro Garcia , Dias Paula do Patrocínio , Moranza Henriette Gellert , Montanhim Gabriel Luiz , Ribeiro Juliana de Oliveira , Chinelatto Marcelo Aparecido , Moraes Paola Castro , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Bertolo Paulo Henrique Leal , Gonçalves Funnicelli Michelli Inácio , Pinheiro Daniel Guariz , Ferraz Guilherme de Camargo
Published: March 2021

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are two important aliphatic esters known for their biodegradability and bioresorbability properties; the former is stiffer and brittle while the smaller modulus of the latter allows a suitable elongation. The new biomaterials being developed from the blend of these two polymers (PLA and PCL) is opportune due to the reducing interfacial tension between their immiscible phases. In a previous study, PLA/PCL immiscible blend when compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) resulted in enhanced ductility and toughness no cytotoxic effect in vitro tests. There is little published data on the effect of poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) on PLA and PCL biocompatibility and biodegradability in vivo tests. This study focuses on evaluating the behavioral response and polymer-tissue interaction of compatibilized PLA/PCL blend compared to neat PLA implanted via intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SC) in male Wistar rats, distributed in four experimental groups: neat PLA, PLA/PCL blend, sham, and control at 2-, 8- and 24-weeks post-implantation (WPI). An open-field test was performed to appraise emotionality and spontaneous locomotor activity. Histopathological investigation using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and picrosirius-hematoxylin (PSH) was used to assess polymer-tissue interaction. Modifications in PLA and the PLA/PCL blend’s surface morphology were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PLA group defecated more often than PLA/PCL rats 2 and 8 WPI. Conjunctive capsule development around implants, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and giant cells of a foreign body to the biomaterial was observed in light microscopy. Both groups displayed a fibrous reaction along with collagen deposition around the biomaterials. In the SEM, the images showed a higher degradation rate for the PLA/PCL blend in both implantation routes. The polymers implanted via IP exhibited a higher degradation rate compared to SC. These findings emphasize the biocompatibility of the PLA/PCL blend compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran), making this biopolymer an acceptable alternative in a variety of biomedical applications.