bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamiento de la caries dental en pacientes con discapacidad que acuden a Clínica Dei Bambini Portoviejo y su impacto económico
Authors: Holguín Pico Alexandra Betzabeth , Alcívar García Melania del Consuelo
Published: December 2023

Introducción; La caries es una de las patologías dentales más frecuentes a nivel mundial, produce destrucción del tejido dentario de manera progresiva; en el mundo existen miles de personas que padecen algún tipo de discapacidad, los cuales presentan mala higiene y enfermedades bucales severas debido a la poca o nula visita al odontólogo. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el comportamiento de la caries y su impacto económico en los pacientes que padecen discapacidad. Metodología. En este estudio se tomó como población a los pacientes con discapacidad que acuden a clínica Dei Bambini ciudad de Portoviejo, entre el año 2019 y enero del año 2023; obteniendo una muestra de 42 pacientes, que fueron seleccionados bajo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión; obteniendo los datos a través de la red anonimizada de historias clínicas de clínica Dei Bambini Portoviejo. Resultados. los resultados han sido tabulados y expuestos a través del sistema informático Microsoft Excel. Se evidenció que el 100% de los pacientes con discapacidad presentaron caries dental independientemente del estatus económico, debido en mayor relevancia a la dieta, aseo después de cada comida y visitas al dentista anuales; el impacto económico en los pacientes que padecen discapacidad frente a los costos de los tratamientos dentales es negativo, solo el 21% de los pacientes accedió al tratamiento dental. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el impacto económico en los pacientes con discapacidad en relación con los costos de los tratamientos dentales es negativo, en este estudio de un total de 42 pacientes, solo 9 accedieron al tratamiento oportuno ya que, si contaban con capacidad de pago, el restante grupo de 33 pacientes no realizó ningún tipo de tratamiento refiriendo no tener dinero para pagar los tratamientos dentales. Área de estudio general: Odontología. Área de estudio específica: Odontología. Tipo de estudio:  Artículos originales / Original articles.
Cardiotoxicidad en terapia oncológica con anticuerpos monoclonales
Authors: Coral Salinas Karina Isabel , Loor Avila Dayana Cristina , Solis Rodríguez Silvia Azalea , Ruiz Culcay Karina Jakeline , Velarde Mayorga Sofía Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Introducción: Los anticuerpos monoclonales en la terapia contra el cáncer han demostrado ser uno de los mayores éxitos para la remisión de distintas neoplasias. Sin embargo, al evaluar la relación riesgo-beneficio de estos tratamientos de base inmunológica encontramos implicaciones en la salud que pueden tener un alcance de real importancia, entre estas, las potenciales complicaciones a nivel cardiovascular resultantes de cardiotoxicidad, un efecto adverso de algunos de los fármacos biológicos. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia científica vigente respecto a cardiotoxicidad inducida por anticuerpos monoclonales. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a partir de la búsqueda de publicaciones científicas relacionadas con el tema, para la búsqueda no sistemática se emplearon los descriptores “anticuerpos monoclonales; trastuzumab; bevacizumab; cardiotoxicidad; quimioterapia”. Resultados: Se ha revisado la definición conceptual, clínica y paraclínica de cardiotoxicidad, pruebas diagnósticas y anticuerpos monoclonales de interés por sus particularidades inductoras de cardiotoxicidad. Conclusiones: Existe mejora en la expectativa de vida de los pacientes oncológicos que reciben tratamiento con anticuerpos monoclonales; sin embargo, tienden a acompañarse de resultados adversos de interés como cardiotoxicidad que puede condicionar finalmente insuficiencia cardíaca. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Oncología y Cardiología. Tipo de estudio: Revisión bibliográfica.
Global Trends in the Use of Biodiesel Fuel
Authors:   FGBNU VNIITiN, Nagornov S.A. , Zazulya A.N. ,   FGBNU VNIITiN, Golubev I.G. ,   Rosinformagrotech, Bolotina M.N. ,   Rosinformagrotech
Published: December 2023

The potential ways for reducing the consumption of hydrocarbon minerals through the use of biofuels are presented, the prospects for increasing the global biodiesel market at an average annual rate of 4.9%, which will amount to about 63 million tons by the end of 2030 are given. The largest producers and consumers of motor biofuel the USA, Brazil, the European Union, Argentina, Indonesia and China are identified. It has been established that the raw materials for producing biofuel from vegetable oils are mainly soybean, canola, jatropha, palm, coconut and castor oils.
Eşya Olarak Dijital Veriler: Dijital Eşya
Authors: ANTALYA Osman Gökhan
Published: December 2023

Dijital yaşam, dünyayı “dijital dünya”, evreni de “dijital evren”e dönüştürürken enformasyon toplumunun temel yapısını dijital yaşamı oluşturan dijital veriler oluşturmaktadır. Dijital veriler sadece ticari ve ekonomik alanlarda değil, yaşamızın tüm alanlarında örneğin siyasi, sosyal, askeri vb alanlarda alandan analiz edilmekte ve bu analizlerin çıktılarına göre kararlar alınmaktadır. Dijital veriler günlük ekonomik yaşamda ticari bir maldır (res commercium) ve bu mal ekonomik değere sahiptir. Söz konusu çalışmada dijital veri kavramının tanımı yapılarak, dijital verilerin kişisel verilerden ve fikri verilerden farkları ile dijital verrilerin sözleşmeye konu edilmesi açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca dijital verinin eşya niteliği incelenmektedir.
Cellular microenvironment: a key for tuning mesenchymal stem cell senescence
Authors: Sun Wenyang , Lv Jiacheng , Guo Shu , Lv Mengzhu
Published: December 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, making them highly suitable for use as seed cells in tissue engineering. These can be derived from various sources and have been found to play crucial roles in several physiological processes, such as tissue repair, immune regulation, and intercellular communication. However, the limited capacity for cell proliferation and the secretion of senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASPs) pose challenges for the clinical application of MSCs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the senescence characteristics of MSCs and examine the different features of cellular microenvironments studied thus far. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms by which cellular microenvironments regulate the senescence process of MSCs, offering insights into preserving their functionality and enhancing their effectiveness.
Merozoite surface protein 1 paralog is involved in the human erythrocyte invasion of a zoonotic malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Lee Seong-Kyun , Nguyen Tuyet Kha , Mohring Franziska , Han Jin-Hee , Firdaus Egy Rahman , Na Sung-Hun , Park Won-Sun , Moon Robert W. , Han Eun-Taek
Published: December 2023

The zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is an important public health concern in Southeast Asia. Invasion of host erythrocytes is essential for parasite growth, and thus, understanding the repertoire of parasite proteins that enable this process is vital for identifying vaccine candidates and how some species are able to cause zoonotic infection. Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is found in all malaria parasite species and is perhaps the most well-studied as a potential vaccine candidate. While MSP1 is encoded by a single gene in P. falciparum, all other human infective species (P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. ovale, and P. malariae) additionally encode a divergent paralogue known as MSP1P, and little is known about its role or potential functional redundancy with MSP1. We, therefore, studied the function of P. knowlesi merozoite surface protein 1 paralog (PkMSP1P), using both recombinant protein and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. The recombinant 19-kDa C-terminus of PkMSP1P (PkMSP1P-19) was shown to bind specifically to human reticulocytes. However, immunoblotting data suggested that PkMSP1P-19-induced antibodies can recognize PkMSP1-19 and vice versa, confounding our ability to separate the properties of these two proteins. Targeted disruption of the pkmsp1p gene profoundly impacts parasite growth, demonstrating for the first time that PkMSP1P is important in in vitro growth of P. knowlesi and likely plays a distinct role from PkMSP1. Importantly, the MSP1P KO also enabled functional characterization of the PkMSP1P-19 antibodies, revealing clear immune cross-reactivity between the two paralogues, highlighting the vital importance of genetic studies in contextualizing recombinant protein studies.
Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification
Authors: Hellström Micaela , Kruger Elisabeth , Näslund Johan , Bisther Mia , Edlund Anna , Hernvall Patrick , Birgersson Viktor , Augusto Rafael , Lancaster Melanie L.
Published: December 2023

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring.
Predicting long-term prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a prospective nested case-control analysis for county-level health services
Authors: Lu Yue , Wang Yaqian , Zhou Bo
Published: December 2023

Purpose

We aimed to establish and authenticate a clinical prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACEs) among high-risk patients who have undergone Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in county-level health service.

Patients and methods

This prospective study included Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients treated with PCI at six county-level hospitals between September 2018 and August 2019, selected from both the original training set and external validation set. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression techniques and logistic regression were used to assess potential risk factors and construct a risk predictive nomogram. Additionally, the potential non-linear relationships between continuous variables were tested using Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS). The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Calibration Curve, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and Clinical Impact Curve (CIC).

Results

The original training set and external validation set comprised 520 and 1,061 patients, respectively. The final nomogram was developed using nine clinical variables: Age, Killip functional classification III-IV, Hypertension, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Heart failure, Number of stents, Multivessel disease, Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.79 and 0.75 in the training set and external validation set, respectively. The DCA and CIC validated the clinical value of the constructed prognostic nomogram.

Conclusion

We developed and validated a prognostic nomogram for predicting the probability of 3-year MACEs in ACS patients who underwent PCI at county-level hospitals. The nomogram could provide a precise risk assessment for secondary prevention in ACS patients receiving PCI.
Prospective clinical validation of the Empatica EmbracePlus wristband as a reflective pulse oximeter
Authors: Gerboni Giulia , Comunale Giulia , Chen Weixuan , Lever Taylor Jessie , Migliorini Matteo , Picard Rosalind , Cruz Marisa , Regalia Giulia
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and COVID-19 may cause a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). The continuous monitoring of oxygen levels may be beneficial for the early detection of hypoxemia and timely intervention. Wearable non-invasive pulse oximetry devices measuring peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) have been garnering increasing popularity. However, there is still a strong need for extended and robust clinical validation of such devices, especially to address topical concerns about disparities in performances across racial groups. This prospective clinical validation aimed to assess the accuracy of the reflective pulse oximeter function of the EmbracePlus wristband during a controlled hypoxia study in accordance with the ISO 80601-2-61:2017 standard and the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) guidance.

Methods

Healthy adult participants were recruited in a controlled desaturation protocol to reproduce mild, moderate, and severe hypoxic conditions with SaO2 ranging from 100% to 70% (ClinicalTrials.gov registration #NCT04964609). The SpO2 level was estimated with an EmbracePlus device placed on the participant's wrist and the reference SaO2 was obtained from blood samples analyzed with a multiwavelength co-oximeter.

Results

The controlled hypoxia study yielded 373 conclusive measurements on 15 subjects, including 30% of participants with dark skin pigmentation (V–VI on the Fitzpatrick scale). The accuracy root mean square (Arms) error was found to be 2.4%, within the 3.5% limit recommended by the FDA. A strong positive correlation between the wristband SpO2 and the reference SaO2 was observed (r = 0.96, P < 0.001), and a good concordance was found with Bland–Altman analysis (bias, 0.05%; standard deviation, 1.66; lower limit, −4.7%; and upper limit, 4.8%). Moreover, acceptable accuracy was observed when stratifying data points by skin pigmentation (Arms 2.2% in Fitzpatrick V–VI, 2.5% in Fitzpatrick I-IV), and sex (Arms 1.9% in females, and 2.9% in males).

Discussion

This study demonstrates that the EmbracePlus wristband could be used to assess SpO2 with clinically acceptable accuracy under no-motion and high perfusion conditions for individuals of different ethnicities across the claimed range. This study paves the way for further accuracy evaluations on unhealthy subjects and during prolonged use in ambulatory settings.
Surgical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy approaches for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaosong , Ding Wei , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This network meta-analysis assesses the outcomes of seven endoscopic approaches, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in choosing the best method for thyroid cancer patients.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases up to March 2023. The analysis included seven endoscopic approaches, with a focus on their respective outcomes through network meta-analysis.

Results

This meta-analysis included 44 studies involving 8,672 patients. The axillo-bilateral breast approach (ABBA) and unilateral axillo-breast approach (UABA) showed advantages in terms of reduced operative time compared to other approaches (MD = 19.66 minutes, 95% CI = -31.66 to 70.98; MD = 30.32 minutes, 95% CI = -1.45 to 62.09, respectively). The UABA and anterior chest approach (ACA) exhibited superiority in controlling intraoperative bleeding (MD = -3.37 mL, 95% CI = -22.58 to 15.85; MD = -13.77 mL, 95% CI = -28.85 1.31, respectively). UABA and ACA also showed advantages in reducing hospital stays (MD = -0.39 days, 95% CI = -1.48 to 0.71; MD = -0.26 days, 95% CI = -1.33 to 0.81, respectively). The transoral approach (OA) yielded results comparable to those of conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) and outperformed other endoscopic surgeries with regards to lymph node retrieval and metastatic lymph node assessment. For the stimulated serum thyroglobulin (TG) levels, no significant difference was observed between bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) and OA compared to COT. However, chest-breast approach (CBA) showed significantly lower levels than COT (MD=-0.40 ng/ml, 95% CI =-0.72 to -0.09). Patients in the gasless unilateral transaxillary approach (GUA) group experienced a significant improvement in cosmetic satisfaction (MD=-2.08, 95% CI =-3.35 to -0.82). Importantly, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of surgical complications between endoscopic thyroidectomy and COT.

Conclusion

Endoscopic thyroid surgery is a safe and effective choice for thyroid cancer patients. Different approaches have their advantages, allowing personalized selection based on the patient’s needs. ABBA and UABA have shorter operative times, while UABA and ACA excel at controlling bleeding and shortening hospital stays. OA shows promise for lymph node assessment. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting endoscopic methods, expanding treatment options for thyroid cancer patients.
Associations of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis with bone mineral density and risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in T2DM patients
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yuhua , Li Shangjian , Zhou Jingqi , Wang Kai , Li Zhibin , Chen Ning , Chen Xueqin
Published: December 2023

Background

Existing evidence on the associations of liver steatosis and fibrosis with bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis was limited with conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the associations of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis with BMD and risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

Baseline information of an ongoing cohort of 249 T2DM patients in Xiamen, China was analyzed. MAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis [diagnosed by either hepatic ultrasonography scanning or fatty liver index (FLI) score >60] for T2DM patients. BMD was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at total lumbar (L2–4), femur neck (FN), and total hip (TH) and was categorized as normal (T ≥ −1.0), osteopenia (−2.5 < T < −1.0), or osteoporosis (T ≤ −2.5) according to its minimum T-score.

Results

Among the 249 T2DM patients, prevalence rates of MAFLD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were 57.8%, 50.6%, and 17.7%, respectively. Patients with MAFLD had significantly higher BMD T-scores of L2–4, FN, and TH and the minimum as well as lower prevalence of osteoporosis than patients without MAFLD. Hepatic steatosis indices, including FLI score, fatty liver (FLI ≥ 60 or hepatic ultrasonography scanning), and MAFLD, were significantly and positively associated with all T-scores, while hepatic fibrosis index and FIB-4 score, but not NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), were negatively associated with all T-scores. MAFLD was significantly associated with the decreased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and osteoporosis with unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of 0.565 (0.324–0.987) and 0.434 (0.224–0.843) (both p-values < 0.05), respectively. As for liver fibrosis, FIB-4 score, but not NFS, was significantly associated with elevated risk of osteoporosis with an unadjusted OR (95% CI) per SD increase of FIB-4 score of 1.446 (1.080–1.936, p-value = 0.013). Adjusting for potential confounding variables, especially body mass index, in the multivariable regression analyses, all associations of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis indices with BMD and risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

MAFLD and hepatic fibrosis were not significantly associated with BMD and risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis independent of obesity. Nevertheless, screening and management of MAFLD and osteopenia/osteoporosis were still important for the prevention of fracture in T2DM patients.
Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Jiaqi , Zhang Fenghua
Published: December 2023

Background

In recent years, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been witnessed globally. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on thyroid dysfunction and subclinical thyroid dysfunction remains unclear. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with the severity of COVID-19.

Methods

We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Willey Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. We focused on randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and cohort studies published between December 2019 and August 2023, examining the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypothyroidism, with a specific emphasis on the severity of the infection. The quality of the research was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), while statistical analysis was conducted using the meta and metafor packages in R 4.2.1 software.

Results

For the meta-analysis, a total of eight articles were identified based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypothyroidism, three studies (266 samples) comparing TSH levels of COVID-19 and control groups showed no difference in TSH levels [SMD=-0.04,95%CI(-1.22,1.15),P=0.95]. Additionally, two studies examining TT3 (a sample of 176 cases) and two studies examining TT4 (a sample of 176 cases) also showed no difference in TT3 and TT4 between the COVID-19 group and the control group, respectively. However, when evaluating the severity of COVID-19, six studies (565 samples) showed that TSH in the severe group was significantly lower than in the mild group [SMD = -0.55, 95% CI (-0.96, -0.14)], while FT3 was also lower in the severe group [SMD = -0.96, 95% CI (-1.24, -0.67)]. No noticeable differences were observed between the severe and mild groups in their TT3, FT4, and TT4 levels.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 infection may have detrimental effects on thyroid function in individuals with severe symptoms. More research is needed to confirm and explore this relationship.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023486042.
Landsat sub-pixel land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Souza Carlos M. , Oliveira Luis A. , de Souza Filho Jailson S. , Ferreira Bruno G. , Fonseca Antônio V. , Siqueira João V.
Published: December 2023

The Brazilian Amazon land cover changes rapidly due to anthropogenic and climate drivers. Deforestation and forest disturbances associated with logging and fires, combined with extreme droughts, warmer air, and surface temperatures, have led to high tree mortality and harmful net carbon emissions in this region. Regional attempts to characterize land cover dynamics in this region focused on one or two anthropogenic drivers (i.e., deforestation and forest degradation). Land cover studies have also used a limited temporal scale (i.e., 10–15 years), focusing mainly on global and country-scale forest change. In this study, we propose a novel approach to characterize and measure land cover dynamics in the Amazon biome. First, we defined 10 fundamental land cover classes: forest, flooded forest, shrubland, natural grassland, pastureland, cropland, outcrop, bare and impervious, wetland, and water. Second, we mapped the land cover based on the compositional abundance of Landsat sub-pixel information that makes up these land cover classes: green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil, and shade. Third, we processed all Landsat scenes with <50% cloud cover. Then, we applied a step-wise random forest machine learning algorithm and empirical decision rules to classify intra-annual and annual land cover classes between 1985 and 2022. Finally, we estimated the yearly land cover changes in forested and non-forested ecosystems and characterized the major change drivers. In 2022, forest covered 78.6% (331.9 Mha) of the Amazon biome, with 1.4% of secondary regrowth in more than 5 years. Total herbaceous covered 15.6% of the area, with the majority of pastureland (13.5%) and the remaining natural grassland. Water was the third largest land cover class with 2.4%, followed by cropland (1.2%) and shrubland (0.4%), with 89% overall accuracy. Most of the forest changes were driven by pasture and cropland conversion, and there are signs that climate change is the primary driver of the loss of aquatic ecosystems. Existing carbon emission models disregard the types of land cover changes presented in the studies. The twenty first century requires a more encompassing and integrated approach to monitoring anthropogenic and climate changes in the Amazon biome for better mitigation, adaptation, and conservation policies.
A rhoptry protein, localizing in the bulb region of rhoptries, could induce protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection
Authors: Shi Tuan-yuan , Zhou Si-han , Kong Ya-ru , Fu Yuan , Liu Yan , Yan Wen-chao , Zhou Yong-xue , Zhang Liang , Hao Li-li , Sun Hong-chao
Published: December 2023

Background

Rhoptry organelle proteins (ROPs) secreted by apicomplexan parasites play important roles during parasites invasion and survival in host cells, and are potential vaccine candidates against apicomplexan diseases. Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) is one of the most noteworthy apicomplexan species, which causes hemorrhagic pathologies. Although dozens of putative E. tenella ROP sequences are annotated, most ROP proteins are not well studied.

Methods

In this study, an E. tenella ROP21 gene was identified and the recombinant EtROP21 protein (rEtROP21) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The developmental expression levels, localization, and protective efficacy against E. tenella infection in chickens were studied.

Results

An EtROP21 gene fragment with an open reading frame (ORF) of 981 bp was obtained from the Beijing strain of E. tenella. The rEtROP21 has a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa and was recognized by rEtROP21-immunized mouse serum. Two specific protein bands, about 43 KDa and 95 KDa in size, were detected in the whole sporozoite proteins using the rEtROP21-immunized chicken serum. RT-qPCR analysis of the E. tenella ROP21 gene (EtROP21) revealed that its mRNA levels were higher in merozoites and sporozoites than in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron analyses showed that the EtROP21 protein predominantly localizes in the bulb region of rhoptries distributed at anterior, posterior, and perinuclear regions of E. tenella sporozoites. Immunization and challenge experiments revealed that immunizing chickens with rEtROP21 significantly increased their average body weight gain while decreasing mean lesion score and oocyst output (P <0.05). When compared with the challenged control group, the rEtROP21-immunized group was associated with a significantly higher relative weight gain (90.2%) and a greater reduction in oocyst output (67%) (P <0.05). The anticoccidial index of the rEtROP21-immunized group was 163.2. Chicken serum ELISA revealed that the levels of the specific anti- rEtROP21 antibody, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were significantly higher in the rEtROP21-immunized group than in the challenged control group (P <0.05).

Conclusion

These results indicate that rEtROP21 can induce a high level of specific immune response and it is a potential candidate for the development of vaccines against E. tenella infection in chickens.
Variability and connectivity in populations of different limpet species across rockpool-generated mosaic landscapes
Authors: Seabra Maria Inês , Penteado Nélia , Cruz Teresa , Hawkins Stephen J.
Published: December 2023

Limpets are keystone grazers on rocky shores. We studied spatial patterns of four co-occurring patellids (Patella ulyssiponensis,Patella depressa,Patella rustica,Patella vulgata) and one siphonariid (Siphonaria pectinata) across rockpools and their surrounds. Our approach considered each rockpool as a concentric system of three micro-habitats where limpets were censused (species, counts, and size of individuals): inside rockpool, edge zone, and surrounding open-rock. The whole intertidal zone was sampled on six rocky shores with contrasting landscape variability (amount of open-rock and other micro-habitats) in Southwest Portugal. Additionally, open-rock surfaces far away (>25cm) from rockpools were surveyed on the mid-shore. Three groups of predictors (“physical, habitat-composition, and connectivity variables”) were assessed for each rockpool system. Limpets of various sizes of the three most common species—P. ulyssiponensis,P. depressa, andS. pectinata—were found to coexist inside and outside rockpools on all shores, with rockpools extending their vertical distribution upwards.Patella vulgatawas rare;P. rusticawas absent from rockpools and their edges. Intra-specific connectivity (correlations in density of the same species between adjacent micro-habitats) showed a decreasing gradient with distance from the pool, being sharper forP. ulyssiponensis(a largely rockpool-resident) than forP. depressaandS. pectinata(suggesting their emergence from rockpools to edges and surrounding open-rock). Abundance and size structure of bothP. depressaandS. pectinatawere similar on mid-shore open-rock surrounding rockpools and far from rockpools. Landscape variability explained distribution ofP. depressa(shores with less open-rock had more and smaller limpets). Habitat-composition (assemblages and substrata) was more important than physical predictors in explaining among-rockpool variability of each limpet species. Densities ofP. ulyssiponensisandP. depressainside rockpools were positively associated with cover of coralline algae and negatively associated with sand cover. Less explanatory power was found in predictive models ofS. pectinata, suggesting a more opportunistic nature. There was limited evidence of inter- or intra-specific competition of the three species in rockpools and open-rock. Competition betweenP. ulyssiponensisandP. depressawas most likely in rockpool edges. Rockpool-generated mosaic landscapes are linked by intra-specific connectivity of limpet populations and modulated by interactions among different limpet species.
Effect of transcranial static magnetic stimulation over unilateral or bilateral motor association cortex on performance of simple and choice reaction time tasks
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Watanabe Tatsunori , Ito Kanami , Horinouchi Takayuki , Shibata Sumiya , Kurumadani Hiroshi , Sunagawa Toru , Mima Tatsuya , Kirimoto Hikari
Published: December 2023

Background

Transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that place a strong neodymium magnet on scalp to reduce cortical excitability. We have recently developed a new tSMS device with three magnets placed close to each other (triple tSMS) and confirmed that this new device can produce a stronger and broader static magnetic field than the conventional single tSMS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the conventional single tSMS as well as triple tSMS over the unilateral or bilateral motor association cortex (MAC) on simple and choice reaction time (SRT and CRT) task performance.

Methods

There were two experiments: one involved the conventional tSMS, and the other involved the triple tSMS. In both experiments, right-handed healthy participants received each of the following stimulations for 20 min on different days: tSMS over the unilateral (left) MAC, tSMS over the bilateral MAC, and sham stimulation. The center of the stimulation device was set at the premotor cortex. The participants performed SRT and CRT tasks before, immediately after, and 15 min after the stimulation (Pre, Post 0, and Post 15). We evaluated RT, standard deviation (SD) of RT, and accuracy (error rate). Simulation was also performed to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic field induced by tSMS over the bilateral MAC.

Results

The spatial distribution of induced magnetic field was centered around the PMd for both tSMS systems, and the magnetic field reached multiple regions of the MAC as well as the sensorimotor cortices for triple tSMS. SD of CRT was significantly larger at Post 0 as compared to Pre when triple tSMS was applied to the bilateral MAC. No significant findings were noted for the other conditions or variables.

Discussion

We found that single tSMS over the unilateral or bilateral MAC did not affect performance of RT tasks, whereas triple tSMS over the bilateral MAC but not over the unilateral MAC increased variability of CRT. Our finding suggests that RT task performance can be modulated using triple tSMS.
Medium-chain triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) increase muscle mass and function in frail older adults: a combined data analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Ezaki Osamu , Abe Sakiko
Published: December 2023

Background

Three clinical trials have examined the chronic effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on muscle mass and function in frail older adults (mean age 85 years old). However, significant increases in muscle mass and some muscle function relative to long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) have yet to be shown, possibly due to the small number of participants in each trial.

Objective

We re-analyzed these previous clinical trials to clarify whether MCT supplementation can increase muscle mass and function.

Analysis

After adding post hoc tests to the original report, we compared changes in measurement between the MCT and LCT groups in the first 2 trials and conducted a combined data analysis.

Methods

In a combined data analysis, changes from baseline in measurements at the 3 months intervention in the MCTs- and LCTs-containing groups were assessed by analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values of each measurement, age, sex, BMI, allocation to trial, habitual intakes in energy, protein, leucine, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and vitamin D during the baseline period. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze data on right and left knee extension times.

Results

MCT supplementation for 3 months increased muscle function relative to LCT supplementation with and without an L-leucine (1.2 g) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 20 μg)-enriched supplement. In a combined data analysis (n = 29 in MCTs, n = 27 in LCTs), relative to supplementation with 6 g LCTs/day, supplementation with 6 g MCTs/day at dinner for 3 months significantly increased body weight (adjusted mean change from baseline: MCTs 1.2 vs. LCTs 0.2 kg, p = 0.023), right arm muscle area (MCTs 1.4 vs. LCTs-0.7 cm2, p = 0.002), left calf circumference (p = 0.015), right-hand grip strength (MCTs 1.6 vs. LCTs 0.3 kg, p = 0.017), right knee extension time (p = 0.021), left knee extension time (p = 0.034), walking speed (p = 0.002), and number of iterations in leg open and close test (p < 0.001) and decreased right triceps skinfold thickness (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

In frail older adults, supplementation for 3 months with a low dose (6 g/day) of MCTs (C8:0 and C10:0) increased muscle mass and function. These findings indicate the potential for the practical use of MCTs in daily life in treating sarcopenia.
Soft and energy drinks consumption and associated factors in Saudi adults: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Aljaadi Abeer M. , Turki Abrar , Gazzaz Arwa Z. , Al-Qahtani Faisal Saeed , Althumiri Nora A. , BinDhim Nasser F.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The consumption of soft and energy drinks poses a significant risk for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Studies in Saudi Arabia have reported elevated consumption of soft/energy drinks, but nation-wide data is not available. Therefore, this study aims to explore the prevalence of soft and energy drinks consumption and its associated factors among a representative sample of Saudi adults.

Methods

The present research is a secondary data analysis of the 2021 Sharik Diet and Health National Survey (SDHNS). Current analysis used data on socio-demographics, anthropometrics, physical activity, and soft and energy drink consumption. The frequency of soft and energy drinks consumption is assessed on a weekly basis.

Results

Of the 5,194 Saudi adults, 3,928 were analyzed. Overall, 67% consumed soft drinks weekly, while 30% consumed energy drinks weekly. In multiple logistic regression, consumption of either soft drinks or energy drinks was associated with males, a younger age, lower income, and lower physical activity. Individuals with overweight or obesity were less likely to consume energy drinks [OR (95%CI): 0.83 (0.71, 0.99) and 0.73 (0.60, 0.90), respectively] than those with healthy weight. However, education level was not associated with either soft or energy drink consumption. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions designed to reduce soft and energy drinks consumption in Saudi adults.
Identification of a core EMT signature that separates basal-like breast cancers into partial- and post-EMT subtypes
Authors: Knutsen Erik , Das Sajib Saikat , Fiskaa Tonje , Lorens James , Gudjonsson Thorarinn , Mælandsmo Gunhild M. , Johansen Steinar Daae , Seternes Ole-Morten , Perander Maria
Published: December 2023

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular plasticity program critical for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, and aberrant EMT is associated with disease including cancer. The high degree of plasticity in the mammary epithelium is reflected in extensive heterogeneity among breast cancers. Here, we have analyzed RNA-sequencing data from three different mammary epithelial cell line-derived EMT models and identified a robust mammary EMT gene expression signature that separates breast cancers into distinct subgroups. Most strikingly, the basal-like breast cancers form two subgroups displaying partial-EMT and post-EMT gene expression patterns. We present evidence that key EMT-associated transcription factors play distinct roles at different stages of EMT in mammary epithelial cells.
Surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic bile duct tumor thrombus: a multicenter study
Authors: Huang Li-Ming , Zeng Zhen-Xin , Wu Jun-Yi , Li Yi-Nan , Wang Jin-Xiu , Fu Yang-Kai , Wu Jia-Yi , Wei Shao-Ming , Lv Jia-Hui , Chen Wei-Zhao , Huang Rong-Fa , Cheng Shu-Qun , Yan Mao-Lin
Published: December 2023

Background

The long-term prognosis after surgery of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and extrahepatic bile duct tumor thrombus (Ex-BDTT) remains unknown. We aimed to identify the surgical outcomes of patients with HCC and Ex-BDTT.

Methods

A total of 138 patients with Ex-BDTT who underwent hepatectomy with preservation of the extrahepatic bile duct from five large hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2017 were included. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results

With a median follow-up of 60 months (range, 1–127.8 months), the median OS and RFS of the patients were 28.6 and 8.9 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of HCC patients with Ex-BDTT were 71.7%, 41.2%, and 33.5%, respectively, and the corresponding RFS rates were 43.5%, 21.7%, and 20.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that major hepatectomy, R0 resection, and major vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for OS and RFS. In addition, preoperative serum total bilirubin ≥ 4.2 mg/dL was an independent prognostic factor for RFS.

Conclusion

Major hepatectomy with preservation of the extrahepatic bile duct can provide favorable long-term survival for HCC patients with Ex-BDTT.
Application of clitoris exposure + episioplasty + dermabrasion + platelet-rich plasma injection + chemexfoliation in vulvar lichen sclerosus
Authors: Shang Xianhui , Chen Changmei , Ma Hong , Zhao Peng , Mao Yuchen , Liu Hong , Wang Cao , Mao Kaiyi , Luo Zhen , Li Yingbo , Zhou Guangxu , Tan Hongyang
Published: December 2023

Introduction

To investigate the therapeutic effect of clitoris exposure + episioplasty + dermabrasion + platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection + chemexfoliation on vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).

Methods

Twenty children with VLS (under 14 years old) at our hospital from July 2020 to November 2022 were enrolled and treated with clitoris exposure + episioplasty + dermabrasion + PRP injection + chemexfoliation. Additionally, symptomatic changes and improvements in signs were recorded.

Results

Significant therapeutic effects were achieved in all children enrolled in this study. The Cattanco score was 8.02 ± 1.22 points before surgery, 2.21 ± 0.70 points 3 months after surgery, and 2.61 ± 0.59 points 6 months after surgery, demonstrating that the score after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery (p < 0.05). Mild complications (one case of mild vulvar swelling, one case of minor bleeding, and one case of superficial ulcer) were observed in three children after surgery, with an overall complication incidence of 15%; all complications were improved after the intervention, and no severe adverse reactions were observed. Recurrence was observed in one child (5%) 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Clitoris exposure + episioplasty + dermabrasion + PRP injection + chemexfoliation is an effective approach for the treatment of VLS.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.html, identifier: ChiCTR2100054787.
Study on the efficacy, safety, and biomarkers of nusinersen in type II and III spinal muscular atrophy in children
Authors: Chen Liyuan , Liu Fen , Fang Danna , Li Jianwei
Published: December 2023

Introduction/aims

The time span for the approval of nusinersen to treat SMA remains short. Most studies on the efficacy and safety of this drug within clinical trials, are lacking real-world research data. This study is based on real-world studies of SMA patients in children with type II and III SMA and is committed to objectively evaluating the effectiveness and safety of this drug.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 18 children with type II and III SMA from January 2022 to June 2023. The motor function assessment scale, SMN protein, platelet, liver and kidney function, and other laboratory indicators of all patients before and after treatment were collected for statistical analysis.

Results

After load dose treatment (after 64 days of treatment), compared with baseline, the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) of SMA patients showed significant improvement (improvement rate: 44%), confirming the short-term effectiveness of the drug. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid SMN protein was greater in patients with significant improvement in motor function than in patients without improvement in motor function. Compared with baseline, there was no significant increase in AST and ALT levels in SMA patients, indicating that the drug had almost no effect on the liver. After each treatment, thrombocytopenia and partial urinary protein positivity may occur, but it could recover before the next treatment. This indicates that nusinersen is potentially harmful to platelet and renal function, although the effect is weak and reversible.

Discussion

Nusinersen has shown good efficacy and overall safety, but platelets and urinary protein are still indicators that require long-term monitoring. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid SMN protein was greater in patients with significant improvement in motor function than in patients without improvement in motor function.
Enhancement of antifungal activity and transdermal delivery of 5-flucytosine via tailored spanlastic nanovesicles: statistical optimization, in-vitro characterization, and in-vivo biodistribution study
Authors: Safhi Awaji Y. , Naveen Nimbagal Raghavendra , Rolla Krishna Jayanth , Bhavani Penmetsa Durga , Kurakula Mallesh , Hosny Khaled M. , Abualsunun Walaa A. , Alissa Mohammed , Alsalhi Abdullah , Alahmadi Amerh Aiad , Zoghebi Khalid , Halwaani Abdulrahman Sindam , Ibrahim K Rasha
Published: December 2023

Aim and background: This current study aimed to load 5-flucytosine (5-FCY) into spanlastic nanovesicles (SPLNs) to make the drug more efficient as an antifungal and also to load the 5-FCY into a hydrogel that would allow for enhanced transdermal permeation and improved patient compliance.

Methods: The preparation of 5-FCY-SPLNs was optimized by using a central composite design that considered Span 60 (X1) and the edge activator Tween 80 (X2) as process variables in achieving the desired particle size and entrapment efficiency. A formulation containing 295.79 mg of Span 60 and 120.00 mg of Tween 80 was found to meet the prerequisites of the desirability method. The optimized 5-FCY-SPLN formulation was further formulated into a spanlastics gel (SPG) so that the 5-FCY-SPLNs could be delivered topically and characterized in terms of various parameters.

Results: As required, the SPG had the desired elasticity, which can be credited to the physical characteristics of SPLNs. An ex-vivo permeation study showed that the greatest amount of 5-FCY penetrated per unit area (Q) (mg/cm2) over time and the average flux (J) (mg/cm2/h) was at the end of 24 h. Drug release studies showed that the drug continued to be released until the end of 24 h and that the pattern was correlated with an ex-vivo permeation and distribution study. The biodistribution study showed that the 99mTc-labeled SFG that permeated the skin had a steadier release pattern, a longer duration of circulation with pulsatile behavior in the blood, and higher levels in the bloodstream than the oral 99mTc-SPNLs. Therefore, a 5-FCY transdermal hydrogel could possibly be a long-acting formula for maintenance treatment that could be given in smaller doses and less often than the oral formula.
A generalized isogeometric boundary element method for the uncertain analysis of infinite domain two-dimensional acoustic problems
Authors: Yang Yan , Huo Ruijin , Yuan Xiaohui , Wu Wenbo
Published: December 2023

The key aim of this paper is to provide a new nth generalized order perturbed isogeometric fast multistage technique of boundary elements to compute the propagation of time harmonics in an infinite region. Structural geometry and boundary integral equations are constructed by using non-uniform rational B-splines. The source of system uncertainty is believed to be the incident plane wave number’s unpredictability. The actual field, depending on the input random variables, is simulated using the extended nth-order perturbation method. The field and kernel values for boundary integral formulas are generated via the nth-order generalized series of Taylor expansions using perturbation parameters. The fast multipole method (FMM) is utilized to speed up the process. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed algorithm are verified by Monte Carlo simulations (MCs) with numerical examples.