bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 8‐METHOXY‐15,16‐DINOR‐6,8,10‐TRICHOTHECATRIENE 12,13α‐EPOXIDE AND 12,13β‐EPOXIDE AS POTENTIAL ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
Authors: ANDERSON W. K. , LEE G. E.
Published: April 2016

Das Epoxid (I) ergibt über die Methylenverbindung (II) das 12,13a‐Epoxid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FURAN, PYRIDINE, AND BENZIMIDAZOLE ANALOGS OF ISOFLAVONES
Authors: KHILYA V. P. , GRISHKO L. G. , ZHIROVA T. I. , GORCHAKOVA N. A. , KUPCHEVSKAYA I. P. , GOLUBUSHINA G. M.
Published: April 2016

Das Furyl‐acetophenon (I) reagiert mit Acetanhydrid/Triethylamin zum Chromon (II), bzw. mit Orthoameisensäureethylester/Pyridin zum Chromon(VI) Diese Verbindungen können nach üblichen Methoden in die Derivate (III) bzw. (VII) bis (X) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CONGENERS OF THE β CONFORMER OF DOPAMINE DERIVED FROM CIS‐ AND TRANS‐OCTAHYDROBENZO(F)QUINOLINE AND TRANS‐OCTAHYDROBENZO(G)QUINOLINE
Authors: CANNON J. G. , LEE T. , GOLDMAN H. D. , LONG J. P. , FLYNN J. R. , VERIMER T. , COSTALL B. , NAYLOR R. J.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von 6,7‐Dimethoxy‐2‐tetralon werden die Verbindungen (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ACTINOMYCIN D ANALOGS DERIVED FROM ANTIMYCIN‐TYPE COMPOUNDS
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. K. A. , BROWN J. R. , LONGMORE R. B.
Published: April 2016

Acylierung des Aminolactons (I) mit dem aktiven Ester (II) bzw. dem Salicylsäurechlorid (V) liefert die Aroylamino‐dioxacyclononadione (III) bzw. (VI), die durch katalytische Hydrierung der Nitro‐Gruppe [bei (III) gleichzeitige Debenzylierung der phenolischen Funktion] und anschließende oxidative Dimerisierung bzw. Kupplung in die Actinomycin D (ACD)‐Analogen (IV) bzw. (VII) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: AZA(14)ANNULENES
Authors: ROETTELE H. + , SCHROEDER G. +
Published: April 2016

Tricyclo[6.4.0.09‐" ]dodeca‐2,4,6,10‐tetraen reagiert mit Diazoessigester in Gegenwart von Kupferpulver zu drei positionsisomeren Monoaddukten, von denen (Ia) das Hauptprodukt ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WITH HEXACOORDINATED PHOSPHORUS ATOM FROM WHITE PHOSPHORUS
Authors: KABACHNIK M. I. , LOBANOV D. I. , PETROVSKII P. V.
Published: April 2016

Erhitzt man 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐o‐chinon (I), weißen Phosphor und Triethylamin (II) im Molverhältnis 4:1 28 in Benzol während 9 Stdn. zum Sieden, so erhält man ein Gemisch aus 2 isomeren Phosphaten (III) im Verhältnis 1:1.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4,4′‐ARYLDIHYDRAZONO‐3‐(3′‐PYRIDYL)‐2‐PYRAZOLIN‐4,5‐DIONES AND 1‐ARYL‐3‐(3′‐PYRIDYL)‐4,4′‐ARYLBISAZO‐5‐ARYLIMINOPYRAZOLES AND THEIR APPLICATION AS DISAZO DISPERSE DYES. PART II
Authors: AMER F. A. , AFSAH E. , SOAFAN M.
Published: April 2016

Die aus dem Pyridylketon (I) und den Hydrazinen bzw. Hydraziden (II) hergestellten Pyrazolinone (III) werden mit den Bis‐diazoniumsalzen (IV) zu den Bisazoverbindungen (V) gekuppelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐LINDERALACTONE, (.+‐.)‐ISOLINDERALACTONE, AND (.+‐.)‐NEOLINDERALACTONE
Authors: GOPALAN A. , MAGNUS P.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Alkohol (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib), (II), (IVa)‐(IVd), (Va), (Vb), (VIIa) ( 1:1‐Epimerengemisch) und (VIIb) ein Lacton‐Epimerengemisch (VIIIa)/ (VIIIb) dargestellt, das in Isolinderalacton (IX) und Epi‐isolinderalacton (X) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3‐TRIHYDROXY‐P‐MENTHANES
Authors: BARAGLIU A. , GRANDOLINI G. , ROSSI C. , CASINOVI C. G.
Published: April 2016

Reduktion von (i)‐Piperiton (I) mit LiAlH4 gibt die isomeren (i)‐Piperitole (IIa) und (IIIa), die nach Trennung in die Dinitrobenzoate (IIb) bzw. (IIIb) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDAL α‐METHYLENE Δ‐LACTONES AS POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR AGENTS
Authors: DEHAL S. S. , MARPLES B. A. , STRETTON R. J. , TRAYNOR J. R.
Published: April 2016

Das Lacton (I) ergibt das Enol (III), das über das Enamin (IV) in die Methylenverbindung (V) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLE DERIVATIVES OF STEROID KETONES
Authors: VOLOVEL'SKII L. N. , POPOVA N. V. , KOVALEV I. P. , KOROTKOV S. A. , GORDIENKO V. G. , YAKOVLEVA M. YA.
Published: April 2016

Die Steroide (II), (IV) bzw. (VI) reagieren mit Indol (I) an dem zur CO‐Gruppe α‐ständigen C‐Atom, wobei die Indolsteroide (III), (V) bzw. (VII) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TRANSFORMED STEROIDS. XIV. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ISOXAZOLIDINO‐ AND ISOXAZOLIDINO(16α,17α‐D)STEROIDS
Authors: KAMERNITSKII A. V. , LEVINA I. S. , TEREKHINA A. I. , GRITSINA G. I.
Published: April 2016

A16,17‐Steroide (I), (IV) und (VI) reagieren mit Nitronsäureestern (II) unter Druck zu den Isoxazolidinosteroiden (III), (V) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF THE ALLYLIC AND HOMOALLYLIC STEROIDAL ALCOHOLS TO THE CORRESPONDING SATURATED KETONES BY MEANS OF THE ACTIVATED RANEY NICKEL
Authors: FORSEK J.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit aktiviertem Ra‐Ni in Gegenwart von Cyclohexanon erhält man aus Allyl‐ (V) und Ijomoallylketonen (I) die Folgeprodukte (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CMP AND CMP‐SUGAR ANALOGS AS INHIBITORS OF SIALIC ACID INCORPORATION INTO GLYCOCONJUGATES
Authors: KORYTNYK W. , ANGELINO N. , KLOHS W. , BERNACKI R.
Published: April 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit der Hemmwirkung von Cytridinmonophosphat (III) gegen Sialyltransferase werden die (III)‐Analogen (I), (IV) und (X) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,7α‐TRIFLUORO‐10β‐CARBOXY‐1β,8β‐DIMETHYLGIBBANE‐1.ALPHA# .,4Aα‐CARBOLACTONE
Authors: CROSS B. E. , SIMPSON I. C.
Published: April 2016

Benzylgibberellat (I) wird mit Di‐imid (erzeugt in situ aus Hydrazinhydrat und H2O2) zu dem reinen Epimeren (IIa) reduziert, dessen Oxidationsprodukt (IIb) bei der Fluorierung mit dem Reagenz (III) die Fluor‐Derivate (IIc) und (IId) liefert, wobei (IId) etwa 16% des Difluorids (IV) enthält.
Biologische Abluftreinigung einer Lackierabluft im Kombinationsverfahren
Authors: Gerl Thomas , Engesser Karl‐Heinrich , Fischer Karsten , Dobslaw Daniel
Published: April 2016

Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Optimierung eines großtechnisch realisierten Biofilters als biologische Abluftreinigungsanlage zur Behandlung von VOC‐Emissionen aus der Tauchschleuderlackierung von Metallwerkstücken. Die Abluft besteht dabei zu nahezu gleichen Teilen aus hydrophilem Methoxypropylacetat sowie lipophilen Xylol‐Isomeren. Nachdem im Technikumsmaßstab ein Biofilter als einstufiges Verfahren sich als ineffizient erwies (Wirkungsgrad unter 20 %), besteht die vorgeschlagene Lösung aus einer Kombination von Biowäscher und nachgeschaltetem Biotricklingfilter. Das System war wenig störanfällig und über lange Laufzeiten betriebsstabil bei einem Minderungsgrad von ca. 75 % im Dauerbetrieb.
Partial rebuilding of the Einsiedelstein Viaduct / Teilerneuerung der Talbrücke Einsiedelstein1)
Authors: Mauer Steffen , Rockenfelder Roger
Published: April 2016

As part of the six‐lane widening of the Autobahn A1, the existing Einsiedelstein viaduct had to be partially rebuilt. The arch viaduct was originally built in 1938. The design used finite element calculations carried out assuming non‐linear material behaviour of the fill concrete and the arch masonry for the loadings of the DIN Specialist Report “Actions on Bridges”. The calculation methods used enable realistic modelling of the load bearing behaviour of historic masonry structures at the limit states of load bearing and serviceability. The results of the calculation served as the basis for the selection of sustainable measures for the partial rebuilding of the arch viaduct.
Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Tahara Naoyuki , Brush Michael , Kawakami Yasuhiko
Published: April 2016

Zebrafish possess the remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts as adults, which contrasts the very limited ability in mammals. Although very limited, mammalian hearts do in fact have measurable levels of cardiomyocyte regeneration. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of zebrafish heart regeneration would provide information of naturally occurring regeneration to potentially apply to mammalian studies, in addition to addressing this biologically interesting phenomenon in itself. Studies over the past 13 years have identified processes and mechanisms of heart regeneration in zebrafish. After heart injury, pre‐existing cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and repair the injured myocardium. This process requires interaction with epicardial cells, endocardial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Epicardial cells envelope the heart, while endocardial cells make up the inner lining of the heart. They provide paracrine signals to cardiomyocytes to regenerate the injured myocardium, which is vascularized during heart regeneration. In addition, accumulating results suggest that local migration of these major cardiac cell types have roles in heart regeneration. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various heart injury methods used in the research community and regeneration of the major cardiac cell types. Then, we discuss local migration of these cardiac cell types and immune cells during heart regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 245:774–787, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining weight suppression as a predictor of eating disorder symptom trajectories in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bodell Lindsay P. , Racine Sarah E. , Wildes Jennifer E.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Research in individuals with bulimia nervosa has highlighted the clinical significance of weight suppression (WS), defined as the difference between one's highest and current weight. More recently, studies have suggested that WS also may play a role in symptom maintenance and weight gain during treatment in anorexia nervosa (AN) and that the influence of WS on AN outcomes may depend on an individual's body mass index (BMI). However, no study has investigated whether WS or the interaction between WS and BMI is associated with the longer‐term course of eating pathology following treatment discharge in patients with AN.

Method

The current study examined a sample of females with AN (N = 180) who completed interviews and self‐report questionnaires at discharge from intensive treatment and at 3, 6, and 12‐months after discharge. Latent growth curve models tested whether WS, BMI, or the WS by BMI interaction significantly predicted the trajectory of eating disorder symptoms (i.e., Eating Disorder Examination global score, BMI, frequency of loss of control eating, frequency of purging) over the year following discharge.

Results

WS at discharge predicted change in BMI, and the interaction between WS and BMI predicted growth in eating disorder severity and purging frequency over time. Neither WS nor its interaction with BMI predicted growth in loss of control eating frequency.

Discussion

Results provide further support for the clinical significance of WS in AN symptom maintenance, but suggest that the influence of WS likely depends on an individual's BMI as well as the outcome being measured. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:753–763)
Assessing the geographic scale of genetic population management with microsatellites and introns in the clam Ruditapes decussatus
Authors: Arias‐Pérez Alberto , Cordero David , Borrell Yaisel , Sánchez Jose Antonio , Blanco Gloria , Freire Ruth , Insua Ana , Saavedra Carlos
Published: April 2016

The clam Ruditapes decussatus is commercially important in southwestern Europe, suffering from population decline and hybridization with exotic Manila clam (R. philippinarum). Previous studies with intronic markers showed a genetic subdivision of the species in three races (Atlantic, West Mediterranean, and Adriatic‐Aegean). However, detailed population genetic studies to help management of the main production areas in the southwest of Europe are missing. We have analyzed eight Atlantic and two Mediterranean populations from the Spanish coasts using 14 microsatellites and six intronic markers. Microsatellites confirmed the Atlantic and West Mediterranean races detected with introns and showed that genetic variability was higher in Mediterranean than in Atlantic populations. Both marker types showed that genetic differentiation of Atlantic populations was low and indicated that populations could be managed at the regional level in the case of Cantabrian and Gulf of Cadiz areas, but not in the case of Rias Baixas and the Mediterranean. This study shows the interest of including different types of markers in studies of genetic population structure of marine organisms.
Interrogating the time and processes of development of the Las Liebres rock glacier, central Chilean Andes, using a numerical flow model
Authors: Monnier Sébastien , Kinnard Christophe
Published: April 2016

The Las Liebres rock glacier is a large (~2.2 km long) Andean rock glacier whose internal composition and kinematics are known from previous studies. We investigate its development by posing and testing the following null hypothesis: the rock glacier has developed from a constant supply of debris and ground ice in periglacial conditions and resulting creep of the ice‐rock mixture. A rheological model was formulated based on recent advances in the study of ice‐rock mixture rheology, and calibrated on the known surface velocities and internal composition of the rock glacier. We show that the rock glacier viscosity is inversely related to both water and debris fractions, in agreement with recent field and theoretical studies of ice‐rock mixture rheology. Taking into account the possible variations in water fraction, the model was used to estimate the time spans of development (0.91–7.11 ka), rates of rock wall retreat (0.44–4.18 mm/a), and rates of ground ice formation (0.004–0.026 m/a) for the rock glacier. These results support the null hypothesis of a periglacial origin of the Las Liebres rock glacier. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment delivery from small catchments to the Bay of Biscay. What are the controlling factors?
Authors: Zabaleta Ane , Antiguedad Iñaki , Barrio Irantzu , Probst Jean‐Luc
Published: April 2016

The transport and yield of suspended sediment (SS) in catchments all over the world have long been topics of great interest. This paper addresses the scarcity of information on SS delivery and its environmental controls in small catchments, especially in the Atlantic region. Five steep catchments in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) with areas between 56 and 796 km2 that drain into the Bay of Biscay were continuously monitored for precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in their outlets from 2006 to 2013. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, slope, land‐use, soil depth and erodibility of the lithology were also calculated. The analysis included consideration of uncertainties in the SSC calibration models in the final suspended sediment yield (SSY) estimations. The total delivery of sediments from the catchments into the Bay of Biscay and its standard deviation was 272 200 ± 38 107 t yr.−1, or 151 ± 21 t km−2 yr.−1, and the SSYs ranged from 46 ± 0.48 to 217 ± 106 t km−2 yr.−1. Hydroclimatic variables and catchment areas do not explain the spatial variability found in SSY, whereas land‐use (especially non‐native plantations) and management (human impacts) appear to be the main factors that control this variability. Obtaining long‐term measurements on sediment delivery would allow for the effects of environmental and human induced changes on SS fluxes to be better detected. However, the data provided in this paper offer valuable and quantitative information that will enable decision‐makers to make more informed decisions on land management while considering the effects of the delivery of SS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic network activity in tinnitus investigated using functional MRI
Authors: Leaver Amber M. , Turesky Ted K. , Seydell‐Greenwald Anna , Morgan Susan , Kim Hung J. , Rauschecker Josef P.
Published: April 2016

Tinnitus is an increasingly common disorder in which patients experience phantom auditory sensations, usually ringing or buzzing in the ear. Tinnitus pathophysiology has been repeatedly shown to involve both auditory and non‐auditory brain structures, making network‐level studies of tinnitus critical. In this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, two resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) approaches were used to better understand functional network disturbances in tinnitus. First, we demonstrated tinnitus‐related reductions in RSFC between specific brain regions and resting‐state networks (RSNs), defined by independent components analysis (ICA) and chosen for their overlap with structures known to be affected in tinnitus. Then, we restricted ICA to data from tinnitus patients, and identified one RSN not apparent in control data. This tinnitus RSN included auditory–sensory regions like inferior colliculus and medial Heschl's gyrus, as well as classically non‐auditory regions like the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, striatum, lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortex. Notably, patients' reported tinnitus loudness was positively correlated with RSFC between the mediodorsal nucleus and the tinnitus RSN, indicating that this network may underlie the auditory–sensory experience of tinnitus. These data support the idea that tinnitus involves network dysfunction, and further stress the importance of communication between auditory–sensory and fronto‐striatal circuits in tinnitus pathophysiology. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2717–2735, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Speed of saccade execution and inhibition associated with fractional anisotropy in distinct fronto‐frontal and fronto‐striatal white matter pathways
Authors: Thakkar Katharine N. , van den Heiligenberg Fiona M.Z. , Kahn R.S. , Neggers Sebastiaan F.W.
Published: April 2016

Fast cancellation or switching of action plans is a critical cognitive function. Rapid signal transmission is key for quickly executing and inhibiting responses, and the structural integrity of connections between brain regions plays a crucial role in signal transmission speed. In this study, we used the search‐step task, which has been used in nonhuman primates to measure dynamic alteration of saccade plans, in combination with functional and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Functional MRI results were used to identify brain regions involved in the reactive control of gaze. Probabilistic tractography was used to identify white matter pathways connecting these structures, and the integrity of these connections, as indicated by fractional anisotropy (FA), was correlated with search‐step task performance. Average FA from tracts between the right frontal eye field (FEF) and both right supplementary eye field (SEF) and the dorsal striatum were associated with faster saccade execution. Average FA of connections between the dorsal striatum and both right SEF and right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) as well as between SEF and IFC predicted the speed of inhibition. These relationships were largely behaviorally specific, despite the correlation between saccade execution and inhibition. Average FA of connections between the IFC and both SEF and the dorsal striatum specifically predicted the speed of inhibition, and connections between the FEF and SEF specifically predicted the speed of execution. In addition, these relationships were anatomically specific; correlations were observed after controlling for global FA. These data suggest that networks supporting saccade initiation and inhibition are at least partly dissociable.Hum Brain Mapp 37:2811–2822, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing leptomeningeal melanoma metastases in the era of immune and targeted therapy
Authors: Smalley Keiran S.M. , Fedorenko Inna V. , Kenchappa Rajappa S. , Sahebjam Solmaz , Forsyth Peter A.
Published: April 2016

Melanoma frequently metastasizes to the brain, with CNS involvement being clinically evident in ∼30% of patients (as high as 75% at autopsy). In ∼5% cases melanoma cells also metastasize to the leptomeninges, the sub‐arachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) have the worst prognosis and are characterized by rapid disease progression (mean survival 8‐10 weeks) and a death from neurological causes. The recent years have seen tremendous progress in the development of targeted and immune therapies for melanoma that has translated into an increased survival benefit. Despite these gains, the majority of patients fail therapy and there is a suspicion that the brain and the leptomeninges are a “sanctuary” sites for melanoma cells that escape both targeted therapy and immunologic therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that (1) Cancer cells migrating to the CNS may have unique molecular properties and (2) the CNS/leptomeningeal microenvironment represents a pro‐survival niche that influences therapeutic response. In this Mini‐Review, we will outline the clinical course of LMM development and will describe how the intracranial immune and cellular microenvironments offer both opportunities and challenges for the successful management of this disease. We will further discuss the latest data demonstrating the potential use of BRAF inhibitors and immune therapy in the management of LMM, and will review future potential therapeutic strategies for the management of this most devastating complication of advanced melanoma.
A novel multiphoton microscopy images segmentation method based on superpixel and watershed
Authors: Wu Weilin , Lin Jinyong , Wang Shu , Li Yan , Liu Mingyu , Liu Gaoqiang , Cai Jianyong , Chen Guannan , Chen Rong
Published: April 2016

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging technique based on two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) shows fantastic performance for biological imaging. The automatic segmentation of cellular architectural properties for biomedical diagnosis based on MPM images is still a challenging issue. A novel multiphoton microscopy images segmentation method based on superpixels and watershed (MSW) is presented here to provide good segmentation results for MPM images. The proposed method uses SLIC superpixels instead of pixels to analyze MPM images for the first time. The superpixels segmentation based on a new distance metric combined with spatial, CIE Lab color space and phase congruency features, divides the images into patches which keep the details of the cell boundaries. Then the superpixels are used to reconstruct new images by defining an average value of superpixels as image pixels intensity level. Finally, the marker‐controlled watershed is utilized to segment the cell boundaries from the reconstructed images. Experimental results show that cellular boundaries can be extracted from MPM images by MSW with higher accuracy and robustness.

magnified image
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy on Iberian archaeological materials
Authors: Tuñón José A. , Sánchez Alberto , Parras David J. , Vandenabeele Peter , Montejo Manuel
Published: April 2016

The knowledge and dissemination of the Iberian culture (6th to 1st century BC) have made great progress within the last three decades, so much so that it is now one of the main fields in the study of the Protohistory of the Iberian Peninsula. Even so, certain topics remain which need further research in Iberian Archaeology, such as the processes of manufacturing and decoration of various kinds of materials, and the choice of raw materials, including pigments. This piece of research presents micro‐Raman spectroscopy analysis of a set of materials dated between the sixth and the third century BC. The typology of these materials includes ceramics and coverings with and without decoration. All of them are located in various archaeological sites of the Spanish provinces of Jaén, Granada, Málaga and Ciudad Real. The use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy together with energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction helped identify gypsum as the main raw material used for the inside coverings of houses and tombs, as well as for storage structures. Less frequent raw materials are calcite, dolomite and quartz. As to decoration in ceramics, the origin and elaboration of black decoration are here identified for the first time in the history of Iberian culture. Black decoration can be classified as two periods: the older period used manganese oxide and the later period used magnetite. Cinnabar has also been identified in the red decoration of ceramics retrieved as grave goods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemo‐thermo‐mechanically coupled seismic analysis of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments during a predicted Nankai Trough Earthquake
Authors: Akaki T. , Kimoto S. , Oka F.
Published: April 2016

In the present study, we have developed a numerical method which can simulate the dynamic behaviour of a seabed ground during gas production from methane hydrate‐bearing sediments. The proposed method can describe the chemo‐thermo‐mechanical‐seismic coupled behaviours, such as phase changes from hydrates to water and gas, temperature changes and ground deformation related to the flow of pore fluids during earthquakes. In the first part of the present study, the governing equations for the proposed method and its discretization are presented. Then, numerical analyses are performed for hydrate‐bearing sediments in order to investigate the dynamic behaviour during gas production. The geological conditions and the material parameters are determined using the data of the seabed ground at Daini‐Atsumi knoll, Eastern Nankai Trough, Japan, where the first offshore production test of methane hydrates was conducted. A predicted earthquake at the site is used in the analyses.

Regarding the seismic response to the earthquake which occur during gas production process, the wave profiles of horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity were not extensively affected by the gas production. Hydrate dissociation behaviour is sensitive to changes in the pore pressure during earthquakes. Methane hydrate dissociation temporarily became active in some areas because of the main motion of the earthquake, then methane hydrate dissociation brought about an increase in the average pressure of the fluids during the earthquake. And, it was this increase in average pore pressure that finally caused the methane hydrate dissociation to cease during the earthquake. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation and Prediction of the Drug‐Drug Interaction Potential of Naloxegol by Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Zhou D , Bui K , Sostek M , Al‐Huniti N
Published: April 2016

Naloxegol, a peripherally acting μ‐opioid receptor antagonist for the treatment of opioid‐induced constipation, is a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/3A5 and the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) transporter. By integrating in silico, preclinical, and clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) findings, minimal and full physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed to predict the drug‐drug interaction (DDI) potential for naloxegol. The models reasonably predicted the observed changes in naloxegol exposure with ketoconazole (increase of 13.1‐fold predicted vs. 12.9‐fold observed), diltiazem (increase of 2.8‐fold predicted vs. 3.4‐fold observed), rifampin (reduction of 76% predicted vs. 89% observed), and quinidine (increase of 1.2‐fold predicted vs. 1.4‐fold observed). The moderate CYP3A4 inducer efavirenz was predicted to reduce naloxegol exposure by ∼50%, whereas weak CYP3A inhibitors were predicted to minimally affect exposure. In summary, the PBPK models reasonably estimated interactions with various CYP3A modulators and can be used to guide dosing in clinical practice when naloxegol is coadministered with such agents.
Investigations Concerning the Maximum Filling Degree of Dangerous Goods Packagings for Hazardous Liquids
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Goedecke Thomas , Kraume Matthias
Published: April 2016

The dangerous goods regulations UN/ADR 6.1.5.5.4 (a) prescribe a maximum filling degree for determining the test pressure for the hydraulic pressure test by real measurements. The assumption is that the maximum filling degree of the liquid phase is the worst case concerning the gauge pressure. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the filling degree on the gauge pressure.

Gauge pressure measurements and calculations for different substances were carried out at different filling degrees for a steel drum and a steel jerrican (heating up from 15°C to 55°C).

The assumption that the maximum filling degree is the most critical is only valid for relatively rigid packagings: If the relative expansion of the packaging is smaller than the volume increase of the liquid phase due to heating up, the gauge pressure increases with increasing filling degree.

But the opposite is true for relatively flexible packagings: If the relative expansion of the packaging exceeds the relative volume expansion of the liquid, the gauge pressure increases for decreasing filling degrees. The current regulations for the hydraulic test pressure determination at a maximum filing degree do not lead to the intended safety level. For a lower level than the maximum filling degree, the prescribed safety factor of 1.5 is not respected. Under transport conditions, it is possible that the inner gauge pressure exceeds the test pressure. This can result in a failure of the packaging. There is a need to reconsider the regulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Trans-Spliced Long Noncoding RNA tsRMST Impedes Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Through WNT5A-Mediated Inhibition of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Yu Chun-Ying , Kuo Hung-Chih
Published: April 2016

The trans-spliced noncoding RNA RMST (tsRMST) is an emerging regulatory lncRNA in the human pluripotency circuit. Previously, we found that tsRMST represses lineage-specific transcription factors through the PRC2 complex and NANOG in human pluripotent stem cells (hESCs). Here, we demonstrate that tsRMST also modulates noncanonical Wnt signaling to suppress the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Our results demonstrate that disruption of tsRMST expression in hESCs results in the upregulation of WNT5A, EMT, and lineage-specific genes/markers. Furthermore, we found that the PKC inhibitors Go6983 and Go6976 inhibited the effects of WNT5A, indicating that WNT5A promotes the EMT and in vitro differentiation although conventional and novel PKC activation in hESCs. Finally, we showed that either antiserum neutralization of WNT5A or Go6983 treatment in tsRMST knockdown cells decreased the expression of mesenchymal and lineage-specific markers. Together, these findings indicate that tsRMST regulates Wnt and EMT signaling pathways in hESCs by repressing WNT5A, which is a potential EMT inducer for promoting in vitro differentiation of hESCs through PKC activation. Our findings provide further insights into the role of trans-spliced RNA and WNT5A in hESC differentiation, in which EMT plays an important role.
Cover Image, Volume 3, Issue 3
Authors: Hein Carola
Published: April 2016

The cover image, by Carola Hein, is based on the Overview Port Cities and Urban Waterfronts: How Localized Planning Ignores Water as Connector, DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1141.

image
Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) do not affect cardiac repolarization
Authors: Langenickel Thomas H. , Jordaan Pierre , Petruck Jesika , Kode Kiran , Pal Parasar , Vaidya Soniya , Chandra Priya , Rajman Iris
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) is a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV) and reduced ejection fraction. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of single oral therapeutic (400 mg) and supratherapeutic (1200 mg) doses of LCZ696 on cardiac repolarization.

Method

This randomized double-blind crossover study in healthy male subjects compared the effect of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of LCZ696 with placebo and moxifloxacin 400 mg (open-label treatment) as positive control. The primary assessment was mean baseline- and placebo-corrected QTcF (∆∆QTcF; Fridericia correction). Additional assessments included the ∆∆QTcB (Bazett’s correction), PR interval, QRS duration, heart rate (HR), LCZ696 pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships, and safety.

Results

Of the 84 subjects enrolled, 81 completed the study. The maximum upper bound of the two-sided 90 % confidence interval for ∆∆QTcF for LCZ696 400 mg and 1200 mg were <10 ms, and assay sensitivity was confirmed with moxifloxacin. No relevant treatment-emergent changes were observed in any of the ECG-derived parameters with LCZ696 or placebo, and the incidence of adverse events was comparable among the treatment groups.

Conclusion

Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of LCZ696 did not affect cardiac repolarization as defined by the E14 ICH guidelines.
Application of Implementation Science Methodology to Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Policy Roll-Out Across States
Authors: Rankin Kristin M. , Kroelinger Charlan D. , DeSisto Carla L. , Pliska Ellen , Akbarali Sanaa , Mackie Christine N. , Goodman David A.
Published: April 2016

Purpose Providing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in the immediate postpartum period is an evidence-based strategy for expanding women’s access to highly effective contraception and for reducing unintended and rapid repeat pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of implementation science methodology to study the complexities of rolling-out policies that promote immediate postpartum LARC use across states. Description The Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community, sponsored by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), is made up of multi-disciplinary, multi-agency teams from 13 early-adopting states with Medicaid reimbursement policies promoting immediate postpartum LARC. Partners include federal agencies and maternal and child health organizations. The Learning Community discussed barriers, opportunities, strategies, and promising practices at an in-person meeting. Implementation science theory and methods, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and a recent compilation of implementation strategies, provide useful tools for studying the complexities of implementing immediate postpartum LARC policies in birthing facilities across early adopting states. Assessment To demonstrate the utility of this framework for guiding the expansion of immediate postpartum LARC policies, illustrative examples of barriers and strategies discussed during the in-person ASTHO Learning Community meeting are organized by the five CFIR domains—intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the individuals involved, and process. Conclusion States considering adopting policies can learn from ASTHO’s Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community. Applying implementation science principles may lead to more effective statewide scale-up of immediate postpartum LARC and other evidence-based strategies to improve women and children’s health.
Influence of Gas Composition and Exposure Cycle on the Formation of Surface and Subsurface Oxides in Iron-Aluminum-Based Alloys at High Temperatures
Authors: Bott June H. , Yin Hogbin , Sridhar Seetharaman , Auinger Michael
Published: April 2016

The slab reheating process of binary iron-aluminum alloys and an industrial TRIP steel grade has been investigated in both dry and wet atmospheres. The presence of water vapor has a significant effect on the overall scale growth and internal corrosion depth. Heating rate greatly influences the porosity of the surface oxide layer with the surface getting more porous at faster heating rates. Nitride formation could be suppressed in the presence of water vapor, leading to a reduction of internal corrosion depth and a better formability of the final material. Experimental results were compared to thermodynamic predictions and critically discussed.
Imaging the Endometrium: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Sadro Claudia T.
Published: April 2016

Female gynaecologic conditions arising from the endometrium are common and depend on a woman's age, her menstrual history, and the use of medications such as hormone replacement and tamoxifen. Both benign and malignant conditions affect the endometrium. Benign conditions must be distinguished from malignant and premalignant conditions. The most commonly used imaging modality for evaluating the endometrium is pelvic ultrasound with transabdominal and transvaginal techniques. Additional imaging methods include hysterosonography and magnetic resonance imaging. This pictorial essay will review the normal and abnormal appearance of the endometrium and diagnostic algorithms to evaluate abnormal vaginal bleeding and abnormal endometrial thickness.
Where Does Lightning Come From?
Authors: Chilingarian Ashot A.
Published: April 2016

Thunderstorms and Elementary Particle Acceleration (TEPA-2015); Yerevan, Armenia, 5–9 October 2015
White House Science Fair Celebrates Student Achievements
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: April 2016

A suggestion from a 9-year-old science fair participant could lead to a White House committee of kids providing advice about the science that most interests them.
Overexpression of Vα14Jα18 TCR promotes development of iNKT cells in the absence of miR‐181a/b‐1
Authors: Blume Jonas , zur Lage Susanne , Witzlau Katrin , Georgiev Hristo , Weiss Siegfried , Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Ziȩtara Natalia , Krueger Andreas
Published: April 2016

Expression of microRNA miR‐181a/b‐1 is critical for intrathymic development of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, the underlying mechanism has remained a matter of debate. On the one hand, growing evidence suggested that miR‐181a/b‐1 is instrumental in setting T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling threshold and thus permits agonist selection of iNKT cells through high‐affinity TCR ligands. On the other hand, alterations in metabolic fitness mediated by miR‐181a/b‐1‐dependent dysregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) have been proposed to cause the iNKT‐cell defect in miR‐181‐a/b‐1‐deficient mice. To re‐assess the hypothesis that modulation of TCR signal strength is the key mechanism by which miR‐181a/b‐1 controls the development of iNKT cells, we generated miR‐181a/b‐1‐deficient mice expressing elevated levels of a Vα14Jα18 TCRα chain. In these mice, development of iNKT cells was fully restored. Furthermore, both subset distribution of iNKT cells as well as TCR Vβ repertoire were independent of the presence of miR‐181a/b‐1 once a Vα14Jα18 TCRα chain was overexpressed. Finally, levels of Pten protein were similar in Vα14Jα18 transgenic mice irrespective of their miR‐181a/b‐1 status. Collectively, our data support a model in which miR‐181 promotes development of iNKT cells primarily by generating a permissive state for agonist selection with alterations in metabolic fitness possibly constituting a secondary effect.
Rashba coupling amplification by a staggered crystal field
Authors: Santos-Cottin David , Casula Michele , Lantz Gabriel , Klein Yannick , Petaccia Luca , Le Fèvre Patrick , Bertran François , Papalazarou Evangelos , Marsi Marino , Gauzzi Andrea
Published: April 2016

There has been increasing interest in materials where relativistic effects induce non-trivial electronic states with promise for spintronics applications. One example is the splitting of bands with opposite spin chirality produced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in asymmetric potentials. Sizable splittings have been hitherto obtained using either heavy elements, where this coupling is intrinsically strong, or large surface electric fields. Here by means of angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we give evidence of a large Rashba coupling of 0.25 eV Å, leading to a remarkable band splitting up to 0.15 eV with hidden spin-chiral polarization in centrosymmetric BaNiS2. This is explained by a huge staggered crystal field of 1.4 V Å−1, produced by a gliding plane symmetry, that breaks inversion symmetry at the Ni site. This unexpected result in the absence of heavy elements demonstrates an effective mechanism of Rashba coupling amplification that may foster spin-orbit band engineering.
Transformation of metal-organic frameworks for molecular sieving membranes
Authors: Li Wanbin , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Congyang , Meng Qin , Xu Zehai , Su Pengcheng , Li Qingbiao , Shen Chong , Fan Zheng , Qin Lei , Zhang Guoliang
Published: April 2016

The development of simple, versatile strategies for the synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived membranes are of increasing scientific interest, but challenges exist in understanding suitable fabrication mechanisms. Here we report a route for the complete transformation of a series of MOF membranes and particles, based on multivalent cation substitution. Through our approach, the effective pore size can be reduced through the immobilization of metal salt residues in the cavities, and appropriate MOF crystal facets can be exposed, to achieve competitive molecular sieving capabilities. The method can also be used more generally for the synthesis of a variety of MOF membranes and particles. Importantly, we design and synthesize promising MOF membranes candidates that are hard to achieve through conventional methods. For example, our CuBTC/MIL-100 membrane exhibits 89, 171, 241 and 336 times higher H2 permeance than that of CO2, O2, N2 and CH4, respectively.
Olfactory epithelium changes in germfree mice
Authors: François Adrien , Grebert Denise , Rhimi Moez , Mariadassou Mahendra , Naudon Laurent , Rabot Sylvie , Meunier Nicolas
Published: April 2016

Intestinal epithelium development is dramatically impaired in germfree rodents, but the consequences of the absence of microbiota have been overlooked in other epithelia. In the present study, we present the first description of the bacterial communities associated with the olfactory epithelium and explored differences in olfactory epithelium characteristics between germfree and conventional, specific pathogen-free, mice. While the anatomy of the olfactory epithelium was not significantly different, we observed a thinner olfactory cilia layer along with a decreased cellular turn-over in germfree mice. Using electro-olfactogram, we recorded the responses of olfactory sensitive neuronal populations to various odorant stimulations. We observed a global increase in the amplitude of responses to odorants in germfree mice as well as altered responses kinetics. These changes were associated with a decreased transcription of most olfactory transduction actors and of olfactory xenobiotic metabolising enzymes. Overall, we present here the first evidence that the microbiota modulates the physiology of olfactory epithelium. As olfaction is a major sensory modality for most animal species, the microbiota may have an important impact on animal physiology and behaviour through olfaction alteration.
Reverse Transcription Cross-Priming Amplification–Nucleic Acid Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Wang Feng-Xue , Yuan Dan-Yi , Jin Ya-Nan , Hu Lin , Sun Zhi-Yong , He Qian , Zhao Shi-Hua , Zhan Shu-Bai , Wen Yong-Jun
Published: April 2016

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly transmissible coronavirus that causes a severe enteric disease particularly in neonatal piglets. In this study, a rapid method for detecting PEDV was developed based on cross-priming amplification and nucleic acid test strip(CPA-NATS). Five primers specific for the N gene sequence of PEDV were used for the cross-priming amplification. Detection of amplification products based on labeled probe primers was conducted with strip binding antibody of labeled markers. The CPA method was evaluated and compared with a PCR method. The reverse transcription CPA system was further optimized for detecting PEDV RNA in clinical specimens. Results showed that the method was highly specific for the detection of PEDV and had the same sensitivity as PCR, with detection limit of 10−6 diluted plasmid containing the target gene of PEDV. It was also successfully applied to detecting PEDV in clinical specimens. The reverse transcription CPA-NATS detection system established in this study offers a specific, sensitive, rapid and simple detection tool for screening PEDV, which can contribute to strategies in the effective control of PEDV in swine.
The effect of thermal processing on the behaviour of peanut allergen peptide targets used in multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry experiments
Authors: Sayers R. L. , Johnson P. E. , Marsh J. T. , Barran P. , Brown H. , Mills E. N. C.
Published: April 2016

Identification of processing-stable targets provides important validation when developing targeted mass spectrometry methods for quantifying peanut allergens.
Labeling of target mRNAs using a photo-reactive microRNA probe
Authors: Nakamoto Kosuke , Minami Koichiro , Akao Yukihiro , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: April 2016

To identify target mRNAs of an miRNA, we synthesized photo-reactive miRNA probes, which contained a photo-reactive nucleoside analog, 1-O-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirine-3-yl)]benzyl-β-d-ribofuranose, in the middle of the strand.
An efficient indenyl-derived phosphine ligand for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of sterically hindered aryl halides
Authors: Liu Yan , Peng Hui , Yuan Jia , Yan Meng-Qi , Luo Xue , Wu Qing-Guo , Liu Sheng-Hua , Chen Jian , Yu Guang-Ao
Published: April 2016

An air-stable aryl substituted indenyl phosphine used in combination with Pd(OAc)2 provides a highly efficient catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of sterically hindered aryl halides with aryl boronic acids.
Efficient one-pot synthesis of amino-benzotriazolodiazocinone scaffolds via catalyst-free tandem Ugi–Huisgen reactions
Authors: Barlow T. M. A. , Jida M. , Guillemyn K. , Tourwé D. , Caveliers V. , Ballet S.
Published: April 2016

Herein we describe a catalyst-free, one-pot procedure employing a tandem Ugi-4CR—thermal Huisgen cycloaddition to generate a set of turn-forming amino-benzotriazoloazocinone-bearing dipeptide analogs.
An efficient iron-promoted synthesis of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolines and neocryptolepine derivatives
Authors: Yan Zicong , Wan Changfeng , Wan Jianyong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: April 2016

A facile and practical method for the preparation of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolines and neocryptolepines was developed under the promotion of ferric trichloride.
Development of novel PP2A activators for use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Toop Hamish D. , Dun Matthew D. , Ross Bryony K. , Flanagan Hayley M. , Verrills Nicole M. , Morris Jonathan C.
Published: April 2016

The synthesis and biological evaluation of new cytotoxic analogs of AAL(S) are reported. Our findings identify key structural motifs required for anti-cancer effects.
Nucleoside-2′,3′/3′,5′-bis(thio)phosphate antioxidants are also capable of disassembly of amyloid beta42-Zn(ii)/Cu(ii) aggregates via Zn(ii)/Cu(ii)-chelation
Authors: Hevroni Bosmat Levi , Major Dan Thomas , Dixit Mudit , Mhashal Anil Ranu , Das Susanta , Fischer Bilha
Published: April 2016

Nucleoside-2′,3′/3′,5′-bis(thio)phosphate antioxidants were identified as efficient agents of disassembly of Aβ42-Zn(ii)/Cu(ii) aggregates by M(ii)-chelation, thus making promising scaffolds for new Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Nonlinear optical and self-activated luminescent properties of A2W3O10 (A = Rb and Cs)
Authors: Zhang Min , Lian Zhipeng , Wang Ying , Pan Shilie
Published: April 2016

The nonlinear optical and luminescent properties of Rb2W3O10 and Cs2W3O10 show that the two compounds are candidates for NLO materials in wavelengths from the visible to mid-infrared and also potential UV-based self-activated luminescent materials.