bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i lokal tjenesteyting. Noen sosiologiske refleksjoner
Authors: Nilsen Ann Christin E.
Published: September 2017

I Norge er prøveforelesning en selvstendig del av eksaminasjonenfor ph.d.-graden. Hensikten er å prøve kandidatens evne til å tilegne seg kunnskaper utover avhandlingenstema, og evnen til å formidle disse i en forelesningssituasjon. Tema for prøveforelesningen fastsettes av bedømmelseskomiteen og kunngjøres for ph.d.-kandidaten 10 arbeidsdager før forelesningen. Prøveforelesningen skal ha en varighet på 45 minutter, og vurderes umiddelbart etter av bedømmelseskomiteen. Prøveforelesningen må være bestått før disputas kan avholdes. Vanligvis finner disputas sted samme dag eller dagen etter. Denne teksten er basert på Ann Christin E. Nilsens prøveforelesning for ph.d.-graden i sosiologi, og har derfor en mer muntlig sjanger enn det som er vanlig for vitenskapelige artikler. Det oppgitte temaet for Nilsens prøveforelesning var: «Drøft muligheter og utfordringer knyttettil tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i lokal tjenesteyting, i lys av sosiologisk teori». Prøveforelesningen fant sted på Universitetet i Agder i Kristiansand den 3. april 2017.
Le patrimoine documentaire comme soubassement d’un développement durable
Authors: Diouf Antonin Benoît
Published: September 2017

Le présent article vise à démontrer le lien qui existe entre les bibliothèques et le concept de développement durable. Il se concentre sur la nécessaire préservation du patrimoine documentaire pour favoriser un développement durable au bénéfice des générations futures. Le patrimoine documentaire a valeur de source d’inspiration pour toute action à venir et tout doit être mis en oeuvre pour que sa préservation soit durable pour une infinité temporelle. Cela est d’autant plus important dans un contexte africain où le développement représente le défi ultime de l’ensemble des pays du continent.

L’argumentaire du présent article se base sur la réalité vécue dans une bibliothèque patrimoniale panafricaine confrontée à un sérieux problème de conservation de ses collections, une situation partagée avec bien d’autres structures documentaires du même type. Ses collections qui représentent une part de la mémoire gouvernementale africaine post-indépendante sont mises en péril par des agents de dégradation biologiques et physiques, hypothéquant ainsi leur accès par les futures ressources humaines d’Afrique.

Tout en montrant le lien évident entre accès à l’information et développement – comme l’a si bien compris l’IFLA, qui a imposé cet élément parmi les sous-objectifs des Objectifs du développement durable (ODD) –, l’exposé cherche aussi à montrer que les bibliothèques et les structures assimilées peuvent promouvoir le développement durable, non pas seulement en matière d’appropriation de techniques architecturales écologiquement rentables, mais aussi de comportements responsables dans la prise en compte des risques environnementaux. Pour ce faire, les bibliothèques doivent s’adapter aux législations nationales et transnationales en matière d’environnement pour conformer leurs services et modes de fonctionnement aux desiderata de ces dernières, ce qu’il est souvent difficile d’accomplir dans un contexte africain.
Los "Bienes Democráticos" en la Economía del Bien Común: cuatro vías para su delimitación conceptual
Authors: Saavedra Luis F. Campos , Rodríguez Morilla Carmen
Published: September 2017

¿Es posible delimitar una nueva categoría económica –los Bienes Democráticos (BBDD)– para poner en marcha y operativizar un nuevo marco dentro del cual concebir la gestión de bienes más indispensablescomo derechos económicos, por su papel central en la realización de los Derechos Humanos? ¿De qué manera podríamos identificar tales Bienes Democráticos? ¿Qué directrices o principios rectores guiarían su búsqueda?Para responder a estas preguntas presentamos una propuesta con la que tratamos de proporcionar los fundamentos necesarios para establecer su delimitación conceptual, desde cuatro aristas o vías que le dan contención: (1) La sociohistórica, con un recorrido por las grandes transformaciones socioculturales de la Humanidad, en las que los BBDD se ponen de manifiesto, con un carácter vital y fundacional para la condiciónhumana. (2) La económica: con la articulación de los BBDD dentro del amplio campo de los commons, los elementos diferenciales que los distinguen, la cuestión de la reciprocidad sistémica y los tramos, en los que cada BBDD se especifica y concreta. (3) La política: que comienza con la toma de conciencia de la escasa institucionalización y funcionalidad real de las comunidades –el sujeto activo que ha de gestionar estos bienes–, queal organizarse amplía el espacio que define las posibilidades políticas, creando gobernanza. (4) La jurídica: que pone en relación el modo de gestión de los bienes económicos señalados con algunos de los derechos fundamentales, estableciendo derechos económicos. Galtung (1977), Bruni y Zamagni (2007) y Felber (2010) nos aportan los puntos de partida.
Sunningdale and the Irish dimension: a step too far?
Authors: Coakley John
Published: September 2017

At least in theory, the Sunningdale agreement of 1973 represented a high point, if not the high point, in institutionalising the relationship between the two parts of Ireland that had been ruptured in 1921. The planned Council of Ireland, incorporating a Council of Ministers and a Consultative Assembly, represented both an echo of the first Council of Ireland of the 1920s and a precursor of the North-South Ministerial Council of 1998. There were important respects in which the image of the Council represented the Achilles heel of the 1973 agreement: it provided a focal point for unionist anger, which was mobilised effectively to bring the whole agreement down. This paper looks at the significance of the Council of Ireland as a mechanism for reducing the negative consequences of the partition of Ireland, setting it in historical context. It explores changing attitudes towards institutions of this kind, viewed as a threat to their position in the United Kingdom by many unionists, as a “sell-out” that recognises partition by traditional nationalists, and as a sensible functional compromise by pragmatists on both sides.
Disrupting student voice in education research through music
Authors: Riddle Stewart
Published: September 2017

Education policy in the contemporary context tends to produce reductive, oversimplified and essentialist notions of classrooms, teachers and students. An emphasis on quantifiable big data that provides for ‘evidence-based practice’ and focus on ‘what works’ permeates the education machine and limits the boundaries of what can be known. Yet the complex arrangement of policies, politics, philosophies, pedagogies, practices and people that we label the ‘classroom’ provides for rich study of the multiple ways that pedagogic encounters might be experienced by young people. This paper seeks to engage with the notions of student voice and agency within an alternative context of learning – an urban senior secondary music college. Experimenting in conceptualising classrooms as moments of becoming, music is proposed as a performative method for interrogating notions of student voice.
For Your Consideration (An Introduction to Walking With): Walking With
Authors: Nordstrom Susan Naomi , Plascencia O. Gustavo
Published: September 2017

On November 9, 2016, we took a walk. The authors did not take a walk. Rather the “we” referred to in this instance is a large public forest-park and all that it is contained within it (vegetal, grass, tree trunks, trees, animals, insects, and so on), the sun, the air, a camera, and at least two humans. Simply put, the walk was a “walking in/with the world: the only kind of walking” (Manning 2012 p. 29).
En LUR tur i fjæra, Hvordan kan vi utvikle undervisning på yrkesfaglærerutdanningen som ivaretar helhet og sammenheng?
Authors: Strand Åse , Rokkones Klara , Karlsen Hanne
Published: September 2017

Etablering av treårig yrkesfaglærerutdanning i 1999 introduserte begrepet helhet og sammenheng som ett av fire grunnleggende prinsipper. Begrepet skal forstås som en tett kobling mellom de ulike faglige delene av studiet. Ved evaluering av yrkesfaglærerstudiet i 2003 oppsummerte Norsk institutt for studier av forskning og utdanning (NIFU) at studentene opplevde integreringen av yrkesdidaktikken i yrkesteorifagene og yrkesteorien i undervisningspraksis som mangelfull. Helhet og sammenheng viste seg altså å være vanskelig å få til i praksis.Metoder brukt i denne studien er spørreundersøkelse og elevlogger.Denne artikkelen gir et eksempel på hvordan NTNU og HiST gjennom bacheloroppgaven har kombinert yrkesfaget (faglig bredde og dybde) med profesjonsfaget (pedagogikk og yrkesdidaktikk) og praksis for studenter ved studieprogrammet restaurant- og matfag (RM). Hovedmålet med oppbyggingen av bacheloroppgaven er å sikre helhet og sammenheng og gi studentene mulighet til å planlegge, gjennomføre og vurdere undervisning.
Bestyrkende faktorer som fremmer en positiv overgang fra skole til varig arbeidslivstilknytning for elever i lærekandidat-ordningen.
Authors: Breilid Nils , Dyrnes Eva
Published: September 2017

Introduksjon: Artikkelen omhandler ungdom som har hatt spesialundervisning i grunn- og videregående skole og faktorer som kan bidra til en god overgang til varig yrkeslivstilknytning i privat eller offentlig virksomhet. I denne artikkelen ønsker vi, gjennom en kvalitativ tilnærming å forfølge problemstillingen; Hvilke bestyrkende faktorer kan fremme positive overganger fra skole til varig arbeidslivstilknytning for elever i lærekandidatordningen?Teoretisk tilnærming: Artikkelens teoretiske tilnærming forankres i forståelse og fortolkning av norsk skolelovgivning og teori om «empowerment». De teoretiske perspektivene anvendes i drøfting av empiri.Metode: Den metodiske tilnærmingen er kvalitativ. Det er gjennomført fire semi-strukturerte intervjuer av unge informanter som har gjennomført videregående skole i lærekandidatordningen og som har hatt minimum ett års tilknytning til bedrift. Det er gjennomført tematiske analyser av datamaterialet gjennom anvendelse av NVivo 11, et data-analyseprogram som støtter kvalitative data og blandede forskningsmetoder.Resultat og diskusjon: Gjennom tematisk analysen fant vi tre betydningsfulle bestyrkningsfaktorer som har bidratt til gode arenaoverganger og varig arbeidslivstilknytning:a)    Anvendelse og utvikling av elevens kompetanse - mestring og meningb)    Betydningen av relasjon, kommunikasjon og velfungerende sosio-økologiske nettverkc)    Betydningen av elevmedvirkning og elevmedbestemmelse
Ecomorphological characterization of murines and non-arvicoline cricetids (Rodentia) from south-western Europe since the latest Middle Miocene to the Mio-Pliocene boundary (MN 7/8–MN13)
Authors: Gomez Cano Ana R. , Kimura Yuri , Blanco Fernando , Menéndez Iris , Álvarez-Sierra María A. , Hernández Fernández Manuel
Published: September 2017

Rodents are the most speciose group of mammals and display a great ecological diversity. Despite the greater amount of ecomorphological information compiled for extant rodent species, studies usually lack of morphological data on dentition, which has led to difficulty in directly utilizing existing ecomorphological data of extant rodents for paleoecological reconstruction because teeth are the most common or often the only micromammal fossils. Here, we infer the environmental ranges of extinct rodent genera by extracting habitat information from extant relatives and linking it to extinct taxa based on the phenogram of the cluster analysis, in which variables are derived from the principal component analysis on outline shape of the upper first molars. This phenotypic “bracketing” approach is particularly useful in the study of the fossil record of small mammals, which is mostly represented by isolated teeth. As a case study, we utilize extinct genera of murines and non-arvicoline cricetids, ranging from the Iberoccitanian latest middle Miocene to the Mio-Pliocene boundary, and compare our results thoroughly with previous paleoecological reconstructions inferred by different methods. The resultant phenogram shows a predominance of ubiquitous genera among the Miocene taxa, and the presence of a few forest specialists in the two rodent groups (Murinae and Cricetidae), along with the absence of open environment specialists in either group of rodents. This appears to be related to the absence of enduring grassland biomes in the Iberian Peninsula during the late Miocene. High consistency between our result and previous studies suggests that this phenotypic “bracketing” approach is a very useful tool.
Sensitivity of Clay Suspension Rheological Properties to pH, Temperature, Salinity, and Smectite‐Quartz Ratio
Authors: Kameda Jun , Morisaki Tomonori
Published: September 2017

Understanding the rheological properties of clay suspensions is critical to assessing the behavior of sediment gravity flows such as debris flow or turbidity current. We conducted rheological measurements of composite smectite‐quartz suspensions at a temperature of 7°C and a salt concentration of 0.6 M. This is representative of smectite‐bearing sediments under conditions on the seafloor. The flow curves obtained were fitted by the Bingham fluid model, from which we determined the Bingham yield stress and dynamic viscosity of each suspension. At a constant smectite‐quartz mixing ratio, the yield stress and the dynamic viscosity tend to increase as the solid/water ratio of the suspension is increased. In the case of a constant solid/water ratio, these values increase with increasing smectite content in the smectite‐quartz mixture. Additional experiments exploring differing physicochemical conditions (pH 1.0–9.0; temperature 2–30°C; and electrolyte (NaCl) concentration 0.2–0.6 M) revealed that the influence of temperature is negligible, while pH moderately affects the rheology of the suspension. More significantly, the electrolyte concentration greatly affects the flow behavior. These variations can be explained by direct and/or indirect (double‐layer) interactions between smectite‐smectite particles as well as between smectite‐quartz particles in the suspension. Although smectite is known as a frictionally weak material, our experimental results suggest that its occurrence can reduce the likelihood that slope failure initiates. Furthermore, smectite can effectively suppress the spreading distance once the slope has failed.
Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Interglacial Climate Forcing: MIS 5e Versus MIS 11
Authors: Rachmayani Rima , Prange Matthias , Lunt Daniel J. , Stone Emma J. , Schulz Michael
Published: September 2017

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is thought to have contributed substantially to high global sea levels during the interglacials of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and 11. Geological evidence suggests that the mass loss of the GrIS was greater during the peak interglacial of MIS 11 than MIS 5e, despite a weaker boreal summer insolation. We address this conundrum by using the three‐dimensional thermomechanical ice sheet model Glimmer forced by Community Climate System Model version 3 output for MIS 5e and MIS 11 interglacial time slices. Our results suggest a stronger sensitivity of the GrIS to MIS 11 climate forcing than to MIS 5e forcing. Besides stronger greenhouse gas radiative forcing, the greater MIS 11 GrIS mass loss relative to MIS 5e is attributed to a larger oceanic heat transport toward high latitudes by a stronger Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The vigorous MIS 11 ocean overturning, in turn, is related to a stronger wind‐driven salt transport from low to high latitudes promoting North Atlantic Deep Water formation. The orbital insolation forcing, which causes the ocean current anomalies, is discussed.
State of the Art and Challenges of Radio Spectrum Monitoring in China
Authors: Lu Q. N. , Yang J. J. , Jin Z. Y. , Chen D. Z. , Huang M.
Published: September 2017

This paper provides an overview of radio spectrum monitoring in China. First, research background, the motivation is described and then train of thought, the prototype system, and the accomplishments are presented. Current radio spectrum monitoring systems are man‐machine communication systems, which are unable to detect and process the radio interference automatically. In order to realize intelligent radio monitoring and spectrum management, we proposed an Internet of Things‐based spectrum sensing approach using information system architecture and implemented a pilot program; then some very interesting results were obtained.
Differential Exhumation and Crustal Tilting in the Easternmost Tianshan (Xinjiang, China), Revealed by Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Gillespie J. , Glorie S. , Jepson G. , Zhang Z. Y. , Xiao W. J. , Danišík M. , Collins A. S.
Published: September 2017

The easternmost Tianshan forms the eastern extremity of the modern Central Asian Orogenic Belt and represents a key locality to investigate strain propagation from the Meso‐Cenozoic plate margins to the Eurasian interior. The Tianshan as a whole has been reactivated multiple times throughout the Meso‐Cenozoic, but the extent of these reactivation events is yet to be fully understood. This study applies apatite fission track and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology to the mountain ranges of the easternmost Tianshan. Our new results suggest that the area experienced two phases of rapid cooling in the Mesozoic—during the Early to Middle Triassic and the Late Cretaceous. These cooling phases are linked to tectonic events at the distant plate margins such as the Permian to Middle Triassic closure of the Paleoasian Ocean and the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Mongol Okhotsk orogeny. Fault‐controlled differential exhumation and block tilting are recorded in the distribution of apatite fission track ages across the region. Finally, we show through a combination of multiple thermochronometers and the integration of structural analysis that the easternmost Tianshan has experienced insufficient exhumation to constrain the timing of reactivation in response to the Cenozoic collision of India with Eurasia and instead records older, Mesozoic tectonic events.
Multiscale Investigation on Biofilm Distribution and Its Impact on Macroscopic Biogeochemical Reaction Rates
Authors: Yan Zhifeng , Liu Chongxuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Bailey Vanessa L.
Published: September 2017

Biofilms are critical locations for biogeochemical reactions in the subsurface environment. The occurrence and distribution of biofilms at microscale as well as their impacts on macroscopic biogeochemical reaction rates are still poorly understood. This paper investigated the formation and distributions of biofilms in heterogeneous sediments using multiscale models and evaluated the effects of biofilm heterogeneity on local and macroscopic biogeochemical reaction rates. Sediment pore structures derived from X‐ray computed tomography were used to simulate the microscale flow dynamics and biofilm distribution in the sediment column. The response of biofilm formation and distribution to the variations in hydraulic and chemical properties was first examined. One representative biofilm distribution was then utilized to evaluate its effects on macroscopic reaction rates using nitrate reduction as an example. The results revealed that microorganisms primarily grew on the surfaces of grains and aggregates near preferential flow paths where both electron donor and acceptor were readily accessible, leading to the heterogeneous distribution of biofilms in the sediments. The heterogeneous biofilm distribution decreased the macroscopic rate of biogeochemical reactions as compared with those in homogeneous cases. Operationally considering the heterogeneous biofilm distribution in macroscopic reactive transport models such as using dual porosity domain concept can significantly improve the prediction of biogeochemical reaction rates. Overall, this study provided important insights into the biofilm formation and distribution in soils and sediments as well as their impacts on the macroscopic manifestation of reaction rates.
A Global Assessment of Runoff Sensitivity to Changes in Precipitation, Potential Evaporation, and Other Factors
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Larsen Joshua R. , van Emmerik Tim H. M. , Woods Ross A.
Published: September 2017

Precipitation (P) and potential evaporation (Ep) are commonly studied drivers of changing freshwater availability, as aridity (Ep/P) explains ∼90% of the spatial differences in mean runoff across the globe. However, it is unclear if changes in aridity over time are also the most important cause for temporal changes in mean runoff and how this degree of importance varies regionally. We show that previous global assessments that address these questions do not properly account for changes due to precipitation, and thereby strongly underestimate the effects of precipitation on runoff. To resolve this shortcoming, we provide an improved Budyko‐based global assessment of the relative and absolute sensitivity of precipitation, potential evaporation, and other factors to changes in mean‐annual runoff. The absolute elasticity of runoff to potential evaporation changes is always lower than the elasticity to precipitation changes. The global pattern indicates that for 83% of the land grid cells runoff is most sensitive to precipitation changes, while other factors dominate for the remaining 17%. This dominant role of precipitation contradicts previous global assessments, which considered the impacts of aridity changes as a ratio. We highlight that dryland regions generally display high absolute sensitivities of runoff to changes in precipitation, however within dryland regions the relative sensitivity of runoff to changes in other factors (e.g., changing climatic variability, CO2‐vegetation feedbacks, and anthropogenic modifications to the landscape) is often far higher. Nonetheless, at the global scale, surface water resources are most sensitive to temporal changes in precipitation.
Transmembrane thioredoxin‐related protein TMX1 is reversibly oxidized in response to protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyuki , Hirota Kiichi
Published: September 2017

Numerous secretory and membrane proteins undergo post‐translational modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the formation of disulfide bonds is a modification that is critical for proper protein folding. The mammalian ER contains a large family of oxidoreductases that are considered to catalyze thiol/disulfide exchange and ensure the maintenance of a redox environment within the ER. Disruption of ER homeostasis causes an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins, a condition termed ER stress. Despite advances in our understanding of the ER stress response and its downstream signaling pathway, it remains unclear how ER redox balance is controlled and restored in the stressed ER. In this study, we determined that brefeldin A (BFA)‐induced protein accumulation in the ER triggers reversible oxidation of transmembrane thioredoxin‐related protein 1 (TMX1). Conversion of TMX1 to the oxidized state preceded the induction of immunoglobulin‐binding protein, a downstream marker of ER stress. Oxidized TMX1 reverted to the basal reduced state after BFA removal, and our results suggest that glutathione is involved in maintaining TMX1 in the reduced form. These findings provide evidence for a redox imbalance caused by protein overload, and demonstrate the existence of a pathway that helps restore ER homeostasis during poststress recovery.
Immersion and invariance adaptive control for discrete‐time systems in strict‐feedback form with input delay and disturbances
Authors: Franco Enrico
Published: September 2017

This work presents a new adaptive control algorithm for a class of discrete‐time systems in strict‐feedback form with input delay and disturbances. The immersion and invariance formulation is used to estimate the disturbances and to compensate the effect of the input delay, resulting in a recursive control law. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied using Lyapunov functions, and guidelines for tuning the controller parameters are presented. An explicit expression of the control law in the case of multiple simultaneous disturbances is provided for the tracking problem of a pneumatic drive. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is demonstrated with numerical simulations considering disturbances and input‐delay representative of the application.
Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Technology for Reproducing Multiorgan Physiology
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Sung Jong Hwan
Published: September 2017

In the drug development process, the accurate prediction of drug efficacy and toxicity is important in order to reduce the cost, labor, and effort involved. For this purpose, conventional 2D cell culture models are used in the early phase of drug development. However, the differences between the in vitro and the in vivo systems have caused the failure of drugs in the later phase of the drug‐development process. Therefore, there is a need for a novel in vitro model system that can provide accurate information for evaluating the drug efficacy and toxicity through a closer recapitulation of the in vivo system. Recently, the idea of using microtechnology for mimicking the microscale tissue environment has become widespread, leading to the development of “organ‐on‐a‐chip.” Furthermore, the system is further developed for realizing a multiorgan model for mimicking interactions between multiple organs. These advancements are still ongoing and are aimed at ultimately developing “body‐on‐a‐chip” or “human‐on‐a‐chip” devices for predicting the response of the whole body. This review summarizes recently developed organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies, and their applications for reproducing multiorgan functions.
Macromolecular Antiviral Agents against Zika, Ebola, SARS, and Other Pathogenic Viruses
Authors: Schandock Franziska , Riber Camilla Frich , Röcker Annika , Müller Janis A. , Harms Mirja , Gajda Paulina , Zuwala Kaja , Andersen Anna H. F. , Løvschall Kaja Borup , Tolstrup Martin , Kreppel Florian , Münch Jan , Zelikin Alexander N.
Published: September 2017

Viral pathogens continue to constitute a heavy burden on healthcare and socioeconomic systems. Efforts to create antiviral drugs repeatedly lag behind the advent of pathogens and growing understanding is that broad‐spectrum antiviral agents will make strongest impact in future antiviral efforts. This work performs selection of synthetic polymers as novel broadly active agents and demonstrates activity of these polymers against Zika, Ebola, Lassa, Lyssa, Rabies, Marburg, Ebola, influenza, herpes simplex, and human immunodeficiency viruses. Results presented herein offer structure–activity relationships for these pathogens in terms of their susceptibility to inhibition by polymers, and for polymers in terms of their anionic charge and hydrophobicity that make up broad‐spectrum antiviral agents. The identified leads cannot be predicted based on prior data on polymer‐based antivirals and represent promising candidates for further development as preventive microbicides.
3D Printing of Polymers with Hierarchical Continuous Porosity
Authors: Marascio Matteo Gregorio Modesto , Antons Jens , Pioletti Dominique P. , Bourban Pierre‐Etienne
Published: September 2017

Cellular thermoplastic structures with multiscale porosity (1–300 µm microporosity to 0.3–10 mm macroporosity) are produced from an integrated approach of 3D printing by Fused Deposition Modeling printing and Supercritical CO2 Foaming. Porous strands and related hierarchical structures are processed in one continuous step. Influence of printing parameters (e.g., deposition temperature and speed) on foam porosity and pores distribution is described for a semicrystalline food grade Poly‐Lactide Acid. The process is then applied to other thermoplastics filament with different mechanical properties. In particular, a composite blend of Poly‐l‐Lactide and βTCP (90–10) ceramic particles and a soft copolymer Poly‐Lactide‐co‐Caprolactone are processed to print foamed strands with various internal cellular microstructures. The dynamic material transformation phenomena controlling the microstructure upon deposition and foaming are determined. This new additive manufacturing method introduces for the first time the possibility to tune cellular morphology in situ and on line, offering an unmatched freedom to design anisotropy in 3D.
4‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Mediated [3+3] Cycloaddition of Aza‐oxyallyl Cations and Nitrones
Authors: Jia Qianfa , Li Dongli , Lang Ming , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian
Published: September 2017

A new 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐mediated [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of in situ‐ generated aza‐oxyallyl cations with nitrones is reported. This simple and efficient method delivers a series of new motifs in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.

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Elemental Sulfur as Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles by Oxidative Coupling between Cycloalkanones and Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Retailleau Pascal
Published: September 2017

Molten elemental sulfur was found to be an excellent reaction medium for oxidative coupling between bis‐aza nucleophiles and cycloalkanones to the fused diaza heterocycles. No extensive aromatization was observed when cyclohexanone was used. These reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and are applicable to oxidation sensitive o‐phenylenediamines.

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Gold‐catalyzed Fluorination of Alkynyl Esters and Ketones: Efficient Access to Fluorinated 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Lu Zhichao , Liu Shiwen , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: September 2017

We developed an efficient synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using readily available alkynyl ketones or esters as starting material. The key step is the insertion of hydrogen fluoride (HF) to the gold carbene intermediate generated from cationic gold catalyzed addition of N‐oxides to alkynyl ketones or esters. This method gives excellent chemical yields and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.

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Whose Community are You Working for? A Change Agent Case Study
Authors: Silva Janelle M.
Published: September 2017

Highlights

Highlights the complexities of working with a social group you are a member of.

Calls attention to ethical questions that are often ignored in graduate programs.

Narrates the difficulty of negotiating the alternate needs of powerful and low‐power stakeholders.
Overcoming the Gas–Liquid Mass Transfer of Oxygen by Coupling Photosynthetic Water Oxidation with Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization
Authors: Hoschek Anna , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas
Published: September 2017

Gas–liquid mass transfer of gaseous reactants is a major limitation for high space–time yields, especially for O2‐dependent (bio)catalytic reactions in aqueous solutions. Herein, oxygenic photosynthesis was used for homogeneous O2 supply via in situ generation in the liquid phase to overcome this limitation. The phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was engineered to synthesize the alkane monooxygenase AlkBGT from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. With light, but without external addition of O2, the chemo‐ and regioselective hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester to ω‐hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester was driven by O2 generated through photosynthetic water oxidation. Photosynthesis also delivered the necessary reduction equivalents to regenerate the Fe2+ center in AlkB for oxygen transfer to the terminal methyl group. The in situ coupling of oxygenic photosynthesis to O2‐transferring enzymes now enables the design of fast hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalization reactions.
Use of metal composite MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs as an adsorbent for the removal of Auramine O dye under ultrasound energy conditions
Authors: Hosseinpour Seyed Amin , Karimipour Gholamreza , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Dashtian Kheibar
Published: September 2017

In this work, MOF‐5 composited with Ag2O nanoparticles was prepared and characterized via X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and FT‐IR analysis. This new material was subsequently employed for removing basic yellow dye [Auramine O (AO)] from aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation. Several experiments were designed by central composite design in which operational parameters such as such as pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O mass and initial concentration of AO involved in the process were optimized. The significance of individual parameters and their possible interactions were investigated using analysis of variance (anova). The optimum values of 6, 0.025 g and 6 mg l−1 were obtained for the pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs mass and the initial concentrations of AO, respectively, with desirability of 1.0. At such conditions, the efficiency for the removal of AO was found to be 89.45%. Various isotherm models for fitting the experimental equilibrium data were studied, and it was found that the Langmuir model has the highest efficiency for correlation of experimental equilibrium data, so that the monolayer adsorption capacity of MOF‐5‐Ag2O for successful removal of AO was 260.70 mg g−1 at optimal conditions.
Crown ether functionalized magnetic hydroxyapatite as eco‐friendly microvessel inorganic‐organic hybrid nanocatalyst in nucleophilic substitution reactions: an approach to benzyl thiocyanate, cyanide, azide and acetate derivatives
Authors: Azaroon Maedeh , Kiasat Ali Reza
Published: September 2017

In this paper, high catalytic activity of 4′,4″‐diformyl dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 anchored onto the functionalized magnetite hydroxyapatite (γ‐Fe2O3@HAp–Crown) as a new, versatile and magnetically recoverable catalyst, was prepared. It evaluated as phase‐transfer catalyst and molecular host system for nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl halides with thiocyanate, cyanide, azide and acetate anions in water. No evidence for the formation of by‐products was observed and the products obtained in pure form without further purification. The nanocomposite was easily removed from solution via application of a magnetic field, allowing straightforward recovery and reuse. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by several techniques such as FT‐IR, TGA‐DTG, EDX, XRD, BET, FE‐SEM, TEM and VSM.
Factors affecting the adhesion of ice to polymer substrates
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Gupta Mool C. , Yeong Yong Han , Wynne Kenneth J.
Published: September 2017

This article reviews the development of a laboratory test with a commercially available instrument for determining strength of ice adhesion. Using this method with standardized parameters, a number of factors affecting the adhesion of ice to a model elastomer, Sylgard 184, are evaluated. Ps, the peak removal force, was dependent on the probe speed and distance of the probe from the surface. A probe speed of 0.05 mm/s and distance of 2 mm was chosen to interrogate other parameters. For Sylgard 184, coating thickness was also found to affect the ice adhesion strength. Peak removal force for ice was correlated with the work of adhesion for water wa, which is proportional to receding contact angle. Ice adhesion strength for Sylgard 184 was greatly reduced by a combination of oil infusion and microtexturing. These results provide a guide for the preparation of coatings from which ice can be removed easily. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45734.
Internet usage and patient's trust in physician during diagnoses: A knowledge power perspective
Authors: Lu Tian , Xu Yunjie (Calvin) , Wallace Scott
Published: September 2017

Does patients’ Internet search of disease information affect their trust in physicians during diagnosis? This study proposes a research model from a knowledge power perspective, that is, Internet search affects patients’ perception of their knowledge level. Our empirical study of more than 400 subjects suggests that for patients who searched online for disease information, the inconsistency between their self‐diagnosis expectations and their physician's diagnosis reduces their trust in their physician. The effect is stronger for those who spent more time on Internet search. Patients with chronic conditions are less affected by the inconsistency, as are patients of physicians with a higher professional status. This study also found that physicians’ interaction quality in the diagnosis process—how well they communicate with their patient—still plays a dominant role in gaining patient's trust. This finding suggests that even in the high‐tech age, high‐touch remains an important factor to physician‐patient trust.
Multicentre cohort study to define and validate pathological assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noble F , Lloyd M A , Turkington R , Griffiths E , O'Donovan M , O'Neill J R , Mercer S , Parsons S L , Fitzgerald R C , Underwood T J , Noorani A , Fels Elliott R , Abdullahi Z , de la Rue R , Bornschein J , MacRae S , Nutzinger B , Grehan N , Contino G , Crawte J , Edwards P A W , Miremadi A , Malhotra S , Hayden A , Walker R , Peters C , Hannah G , Hardwick R , Davies J , Ford H , Gilligan D , Safranek P , Hindmarsh A , Sujendran V , Carroll N , McManus D , Hayes S J , Ang Y , Preston S R , Oakes S , Bagwan I , Skipworth R J E , Save V , Hupp T R , Puig S , Bedford M , Taniere P , Whiting J , Byrne J , Kelly J , Owsley J , Crichton C , Barr H , Shepherd N , Old O , Lagergren J , Gossage J , Davies A , Chang F , Zylstra J , Sanders G , Berrisford R , Harden C , Bunting D , Lewis M , Cheong E , Kumar B , Saunders J H , Soomro I N , Vohra R , Duffy J , Kaye P , Grabowska A , Lovat L , Haidry R , Eneh V , Igali L , Welch I , Scott M , Sothi S , Suortamo S , Lishman S , Beardsmore D , Sutaria R , Secrier M , Eldridge M D , Bower L , Lynch A G , Tavaré S
Published: September 2017

Background

This multicentre cohort study sought to define a robust pathological indicator of clinically meaningful response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods

A questionnaire was distributed to 11 UK upper gastrointestinal cancer centres to determine the use of assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Records of consecutive patients undergoing oesophagogastric resection at seven centres between January 2000 and December 2013 were reviewed. Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed using the Mandard Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) and lymph node downstaging.

Results

TRG (8 of 11 centres) was the most widely used system to assess response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but there was discordance on how it was used in practice. Of 1392 patients, 1293 had TRG assessment; data were available for clinical and pathological nodal status (cN and pN) in 981 patients, and TRG, cN and pN in 885. There was a significant difference in survival between responders (TRG 1–2; median overall survival (OS) not reached) and non-responders (TRG 3–5; median OS 2·22 (95 per cent c.i. 1·94 to 2·51) years; P < 0·001); the hazard ratio was 2·46 (95 per cent c.i. 1·22 to 4·95; P = 0·012). Among local non-responders, the presence of lymph node downstaging was associated with significantly improved OS compared with that of patients without lymph node downstaging (median OS not reached versus 1·92 (1·68 to 2·16) years; P < 0·001).

Conclusion

A clinically meaningful local response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was restricted to the small minority of patients (14·8 per cent) with TRG 1–2. Among local non-responders, a subset of patients (21·3 per cent) derived benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy by lymph node downstaging and their survival mirrored that of local responders.
Beating the odds: The poisson distribution of all input cells during limiting dilution grossly underestimates whether a cell line is clonally‐derived or not
Authors: Zhou Yizhou , Shaw David , Lam Cynthia , Tsukuda Joni , Yim Mandy , Tang Danming , Louie Salina , Laird Michael W. , Snedecor Brad , Misaghi Shahram
Published: September 2017

Establishing that a cell line was derived from a single cell progenitor and defined as clonally‐derived for the production of clinical and commercial therapeutic protein drugs has been the subject of increased emphasis in cell line development (CLD). Several regulatory agencies have expressed that the prospective probability of clonality for CHO cell lines is assumed to follow the Poisson distribution based on the input cell count. The probability of obtaining monoclonal progenitors based on the Poisson distribution of all cells suggests that one round of limiting dilution may not be sufficient to assure the resulting cell lines are clonally‐derived. We experimentally analyzed clonal derivatives originating from single cell cloning (SCC) via one round of limiting dilution, following our standard legacy cell line development practice. Two cell populations with stably integrated DNA spacers were mixed and subjected to SCC via limiting dilution. Cells were cultured in the presence of selection agent, screened, and ranked based on product titer. Post‐SCC, the growing cell lines were screened by PCR analysis for the presence of identifying spacers. We observed that the percentage of nonclonal populations was below 9%, which is considerably lower than the determined probability based on the Poisson distribution of all cells. These results were further confirmed using fluorescence imaging of clonal derivatives originating from SCC via limiting dilution of mixed cell populations expressing GFP or RFP. Our results demonstrate that in the presence of selection agent, the Poisson distribution of all cells clearly underestimates the probability of obtaining clonally‐derived cell lines. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:559–569, 2018
Robust Macroscopic 3D Sponges of Manganese Oxide Molecular Sieves
Authors: Liu Zhenxin , Wu Depeng , Guo Xuehui , Fang Shaoming , Wang Lizhen , Xing Yu , Suib Steven L.
Published: September 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is Zhenxin Liu, Yu Xing and co‐workers at the Zhengzhou University of Light Industry and the University of Connecticut. The image depicts robust macroscopic 3D sponges composed of pure phase manganese oxide molecular sieve nanowires. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702787.
DPFF‐1 transcription factor deficiency causes the aberrant activation of MPK‐1 and meiotic defects in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline
Authors: Villanueva‐Chimal Emmanuel , Salinas Laura S. , Fernández‐Cardenas Laura P. , Huelgas‐Morales Gabriela , Cabrera‐Wrooman Alejandro , Navarro Rosa E.
Published: September 2017

The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro‐d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi‐d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer‐d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF‐1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode C. elegans. DPFF‐1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi‐d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff‐1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild‐type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff‐1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P‐MPK‐1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53‐induced germ cell apoptosis than wild‐type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff‐1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
Comparing BMD‐derived genotoxic potency estimations across variants of the transgenic rodent gene mutation assay
Authors: Wills John W. , Johnson George E. , Battaion Hannah L. , Slob Wout , White Paul A.
Published: September 2017

There is growing interest in quantitative analysis of in vivo genetic toxicity dose‐response data, and use of point‐of‐departure (PoD) metrics such as the benchmark dose (BMD) for human health risk assessment (HHRA). Currently, multiple transgenic rodent (TGR) assay variants, employing different rodent strains and reporter transgenes, are used for the assessment of chemically‐induced genotoxic effects in vivo. However, regulatory issues arise when different PoD values (e.g., lower BMD confidence intervals or BMDLs) are obtained for the same compound across different TGR assay variants. This study therefore employed the BMD approach to examine the ability of different TGR variants to yield comparable genotoxic potency estimates. Review of over 2000 dose‐response datasets identified suitably‐matched dose‐response data for three compounds (ethyl methanesulfonate or EMS, N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea or ENU, and dimethylnitrosamine or DMN) across four commonly‐used murine TGR variants (Muta™Mouse lacZ, Muta™Mouse cII, gpt delta and BigBlue® lacI). Dose‐response analyses provided no conclusive evidence that TGR variant choice significantly influences the derived genotoxic potency estimate. This conclusion was reliant upon taking into account the importance of comparing BMD confidence intervals as opposed to directly comparing PoD values (e.g., comparing BMDLs). Comparisons with earlier works suggested that with respect to potency determination, tissue choice is potentially more important than choice of TGR assay variant. Scoring multiple tissues selected on the basis of supporting toxicokinetic information is therefore recommended. Finally, we used typical within‐group variances to estimate preliminary endpoint‐specific benchmark response (BMR) values across several TGR variants/tissues. We discuss why such values are required for routine use of genetic toxicity PoDs for HHRA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:632–643, 2017. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outage analysis of coded‐cooperation cognitive multirelay network with direct link over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Hu Zhenzhen , Wei Ning , Zhang Zhongpei , Zhang Haijun
Published: September 2017

Coded‐cooperation cognitive relay networks can improve both spectrum utilization and bandwidth efficiency. However, the performance analysis of such a system has not been well investigated. Therefore, in this paper, the outage performance of the coded‐cooperation cognitive multirelay network with a direct link is studied. Both the Nth best relay selection scheme, where the Nth best relay is selected, and the sum relays scheme, where the relays that successfully decode the first time‐slot information all participate in data transmission, are considered under the interference temperature and the maximum transmit power constraint to protect the primary user in a cognitive radio network. Analytical exact outage probability and closed‐form asymptotic outage probability expressions are derived for the secondary user. The diversity and coding gains are deduced from them. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretic analysis. The results show that the outage performance of both the best relay selection scheme and the sum relays scheme is close to each other, and the primary network parameters only affect the coding gain and are not related to the diversity order.