bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN VIRTUAL SPACE: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, KAIRA Y.V. , Tinyakov K.A. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: July 2024

This article is devoted to the results of the sociological analysis of the digitalization of social activity of the population in virtual space, which is considered within the framework of the transformation of society under the influence of information technology. The purpose of the article is, based on sociological analysis, to identify the features of the digitalization of social activity of the population in the virtual space. The theoretical basis of the work was formed by sociological conceptual approaches to the study of digitalization of social space. The empirical basis of the work was the results of the sociological survey of residents of Orel, conducted by questionnaire on the stated issues. Based on the results of the study, factors of demand and purposes for using digital technologies were identified. It is established that the digitalization process has an uneven impact on different spheres of public life and this process itself is perceived differently by social groups. It is summarized that young people are a group whose activity is experiencing a serious transformation under the influence of an increasingly digitalized society. The positive perception of these changes suggests that digital technologies will continue to be in great demand and expand their presence in everyday life.
Historical and Legal Analysis of Economic Sanctions
Authors: Rodionova E. S.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the history of the formation of the concept of coercive economic measures (economic sanctions) in the legal aspects. The work presents the author’s periodization of the development of the concept of economic restrictions, taking into account the nature of the economic measures applied by the initiating state in a specific period of history and the degree of their effectiveness. It is concluded that the First World War has become the key catalyst for the development of the concept of economic pressure on unfriendly powers, which was legally enshrined in Art. 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. Subsequently, the evolution of the system of collective security fundamentally changed the role of economic sanctions. The author considers the problematics of legality and effectiveness of economic sanctions in different historical periods, provides modern examples of sanctions and assess their efficiency. The author concluded that sanctions revealed their economic potential in each new period and eventually became the primary means to compliance with international law.
Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Selais Terang Bulan (Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Valenciennes 1840) Di Desa Mentulik Sungai Kampar Kiri, Provinsi Riau
Authors: Nopiri Ria , Elvyra Roza
Published: July 2024

Penelitian Biologi Reproduksi ikan selais Terang Bulan (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) di Desa Mentulik Sungai Kampar Kiri dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari â€“ Juli 2017. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengkaji aspek reproduksi ikan K. bicirrhis meliputi nisbah kelamin,  perkembangan gonad, fekunditas, musim pemijahan dan juga pola pemijahan. Ikan K. bicirrhis yang didapatkan berjumlah 40 ekor terdiri dari 30 ekor ikan jantan dan 10 ekor ikan betina, dengan nisbah kelamin 3 : 1. Rerata panjang dan berat total tubuh ikan jantan adalah 8,2-11,5 cm (2,47-5,31 g) dan ikan betina 8,4-11,5 cm (2,64-5,05 g), dengan pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG) ikan jantan dan betina ditemukan pada tahap TKG II-IV. Fekunditas telur K. bicirrhis berjumlah  10.657 butir, dan memiliki pola pemijahan yang bersifat total spawner.
Identification of factors that influence carbon emissions in tropical peatland
Authors: Yahya Vanda Julita , Sabiham Supiandi , Pramudya Bambang , Las Irsal
Published: July 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan curah hujan terhadap tinggi muka air tanah. Serta pengaruh faktor kimia (kadar air gambut, pH) dan fisika (kapasitas tukar kation) terhadap emisi CO2. Penelitian menggunakan analisis matematika sederhana dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Koto Gasib,  Kabupaten Siak, Riau. Obyek yang diteliti tinggi muka air tanah, curah hujan dan faktor kimia-fisika lahan gambut di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa curah hujan dan hari hujan mempunyai hubungan linier dengan tinggi muka air tanah. Tinggi muka air tanah berkontribusi 71.48%  terhadap emisi GRK dan 28.52%  dipengaruhi faktor lain.  pH tanah gambut berkontribusi 91.41 %, terhadap emisi, 8.59% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Pengaruh  KTK terhadap emisi sebesar 88.66 %, dan 11.34% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Kandungan  air gambut  berpengaruh 96.19% terhadap emisi GRK, dan 3.81 % dipengaruhi faktor lain. Kesimpulan tinggi muka air tanah, kadar air, pH dan KTK berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap emisi CO2.
Analisis Jumlah Bakteri Pasta Gigi Cangkang Anadara granosa yang Diberi Citrus medica Dengan Waktu Penyimpanan Yang Berbeda
Authors: Solang Margaretha , Hasan Marwan , Kumaji Syam S.
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bakteri pasta gigi cangkang Anadara granosa yang diberi perasan Citrus medica dengan waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor volume perasan Citrus medica dengan taraf perlakuan 0 mL, 2 mL, 4 mL dan 6 mL serta faktor lama penyimpanan dengan taraf perlakuan 1 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari dan 28 hari, dengan 6 kali ulangan.Â  Perhitungan bakteri menggunakan metode hitungan cawan (TPC). Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Varians Two Way dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perasan Citrus medica dengan waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda berinteraksi secara signifikan (p=0,00) terhadap jumlah bakteri pasta gigi cangkang kerang darah. Pasta gigi cangkang Anadara granosa yang diberi perasan Citrus medica 6 mL dan disimpan 28 hari memiliki jumlah bakteri 9.0 x 101, jumlah bakteri ini masih dalam batasan yang ditetapkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Sunkist (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dengan Hiperkolesterolemia yang di Induksi Streptozotocin.
Authors: Depari Sania Angelisa F , Rambe Daffa Jihan Azmi , Meilando Rifki , Lisya Cut , Mutia Maya Sari , Lubis Yolanda Eliza Putri
Published: July 2024

Kondisi kadar gula darah yang tinggi pada penderita diabetes ternyata memicu peningkatan LDL dan penurunan HDL dimana pada orang dengan diabetesâ€energi yang didapatkan tubuh berasal dari penguraian lemak dan metabolisme protein. Kulit jeruk Sunkist (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antidiabetik, antihiperkolesterolemia, antiinflamasi serta antioksidan  . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk Sunkist (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) terhadap kadar gula darah pada dosis 500, 750 dan 1000 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian True Experimental Pre-Test and Post-Test Control Group Design dimana kulit jeruk Sunkist yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi diberikan secara oral selama 14 hari pada tikus wistar hiperkolesterolemia yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Hasil pengujian statistik menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk Sunkistâ€mampu menurunkan kadar gula darah dan kadar kolesterol tikus wistar hiperkolesterolemia yang diinduksi streptozotocin (p<0,05). Dosis ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk Sunkist yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah dan kadar kolesterol tikus wistar hiperkolesterolemia yangâ€diinduksi streptozotocin adalah 1000mg/kgBB.
Studi Etnobotani Rotan Sebagai Bahan Kerajinan Anyaman Pada Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) di Dusun III Senami, Desa Jebak, Kabupaten Batanghari, Jambi.
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati , Hariyadi Bambang , Murni Pinta
Published: July 2024

Rattan is one of the non-timber forest products that has been widely used by traditional communities for various purposes such as a woven material, rigging purposes, and for other purposes. Suku Anak Dalam, SAD, is a group of indigenous people in Jambi Popinsi who still maintain a close relationship with the surrounding forests.Â  The group waves rattan to produce variousrattan craft.Â  This study aims to inventory the diversity of rattan species being used to prduce rattan craft and to document knowledge associated with rattan waving.Â  The study was undertaken in the village of Jebak, Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province. Data collected through a semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The results indicate the presence of 10 species of rattan commonly used to manufacture various unique SAD rattan craft. The SAD produces at leart18 types of woven rattan for various purposes.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Areal Tambak Intensif di Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung
Authors: Master Jani , Nurcahyani Nuning , Natalia Suci , Pertiwi Henny Indah
Published: July 2024

Abstrak. Areal pertambakan merupakan salah satu habitat yang disukai oleh jenis burung, khususnya burung air. Penelitian ini ini bertujuan untuk indentifikasi keanekaragaman jenis-jenis burung yang terdapat pada areal pertambakan udang intensif. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua areal tambak intensif terbesar di Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung pada bulan Juni â€“ Agustus 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode jelajah dengan stasiun pengamatan yang ditempatkan secara purposive. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman burung pada dua areal tambak intensif berkisar antara sedang hingga tinggi yaitu 2,90 untuk tambak intesif di Sumatera SelatanÂ  dan 3.55 untuk tambak intensif di Lampung. Areal tambak menjadi salah satu lokasi penting bagi burung, selain karena memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi, areal tambak juga menjadi salah satu habitat pilihan lokasi singgah mencari makan burung-burung migran. Â  Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman jenis, burung air, tambak udang
Instrumental and Visual Evaluation of the Chameleon Effect of Single-shaded Composite Resins
Authors: Adiguzel RM , Kose LK , Arhun N
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the shade-matching ability of single-shade resin-based composite restorations in different thicknesses using both instrumental and visual techniques.

Methods and Materials:

Cavities with 4 mm diameter and 2 mm (n=96) or 3 mm (n=96) depth were prepared in acrylic incisor teeth of shades A2, A3, B3, and C2 and restored with three single-shade resin composites, Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental America, Encinitas, CA, USA [OM]), Vittra APS Unique (FGM Dental Group, Joinville, SC, Brazil [VU]), Zenchroma (President Dental, Allershausen, Germany [ZC]), and a microhybrid resin composite (Filtek 3M Z250 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA [FZ]) of A2, A3, B3, and C2 shades. Readings were obtained using VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer for the teeth and restorations. The CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color difference formula was used, and the values were assessed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Forty-eight evaluators graded the shade match of 32 different specimens visually as (A) best shade match, (B) intermediate shade match, and (C) poor shade match.

Results:

FZ material achieved satisfactory matches for both thicknesses, across all shades, and OM material demonstrated statistically significant lower shade matches than the ZC and the FZ materials (p<0.05). VU exhibited poor shade match with the highest ΔE00 value on C2 shade. According to the visual examination, the best shade matches were observed for FZ on A3-shade and ZC on C2-shade teeth.

Conclusions:

Shade matching for 2 mm and 3 mm-thick composite resin restorations is material- and tooth-shade dependent.
Theobromine for Remineralization of White Spot Lesions on Dental Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Silva ARJ da , Gonçalves RI dos Santos , Catão MHC de Vasconcelos
Published: July 2024

Aim:

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated theobromine’s (Theobroma cacao) potential in remineralizing white spot lesions in dental enamel. Methods: This study is reported according to the PRISMA checklist and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023414371). In vitro tests that evaluated the remineralizing potential of theobromine compared to fluoride ion after demineralization for the formation of white spot lesions on enamel were selected, with no limitation on the year of publication. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science by two independent researchers. Thirty articles were received of which six were selected according to the inclusion criteria.

Results:

The selected studies evaluated the Enamel Surface Microhardness (SMH), Vickers or Knoop, before and after treatment with theobromine and fluoride solutions. For the SMH Vickers, there were no differences between groups at baseline (p=1.00; mean difference: -0.00; CI: -11.36 to 11.36) and after treatment (p=0.51; mean difference: 4.12; CI: -8.16 to 16.41). The results of SMH Knoop showed differences between groups at baseline, favoring the experimental group (p=0.002; mean difference: 9.84; CI: 3.65 to 16.02) and after treatment favoring the control group (p=0.00001; mean difference: -5.45; CI: -7.62 to -3.27).

Conclusion:

The use of theobromine increases the microhardness of dental enamel subjected to a demineralization process, thus being effective in the remineralization of this tissue with success equivalent to that obtained with the use of fluoride.
Diagnosis and Management of Labor Dystocia According to the Friedman Curve
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Putri Tjokorda Istri Agung Devitia Widya Paramita , Pradnyandari Anak Agung Ayu Vidya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Labor dystocia or abnormal prolonged delivery is one of the common indications regarding unplanned cesarean deliveries. A better understanding of the diagnosis and management of labor dystocia according to friedman curve could lead to new opportunities to increase the rate of vaginal delivery. This paper aims to summarize known diagnosis and management techniques according to the Friedman curve. Method: Literature reviews were compiled based on article obtained using search engine “Google Scholar” and “PubMed” with keywords “Diagnosis", “Friedman Curve”, “Labor”,  “Dystocia” and “Management”. There were 10 articles that were appropriate for this purpose. Result and discussion: Labor dystocia is a labor complication where the labor process is abnormally slow or prolonged, hence the term abnormal prolonged labor. This involves a variety of problem which is abbreviated by three P’s, Power, Passage and Passenger. Power is defined by the ability of the uterus to contract during labor. Passage is defined as divergence between the measurements of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis that might be caused by ineffective uterine contraction or macrosomic fetus, so that result in obstructed labor. Passenger is defined as the presentation, position and fetal development that might influence the dystocia incident. Labor dystocia is one of the common indication regarding unplanned caesarian deliveries. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of labor dystocia is crucial in improving outcome in labor dystocia patients, both for the mother and the newborn. Conclusion: Labor is influenced by multiple factors related to the mother and fetus. The theories of Friedman and recent advancements have significantly impacted the diagnosis of protraction or arrest disorder. In challenging situations, timely identification and suitable management are crucial. Educating patients about labor preparation is vital to prevent adverse conditions that can lead to complications and even mortality for both mother and fetus.
Unveiling Resilience in Mathematics Education: Exploring the Impact of Age and Gender in Sanggar Bimbingan Rawang, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Nusaibah Klarisa Afif , Ekayanti Arta , Jumadi Jumadi , Murniati Murniati
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on analyzing the impact of gender and age on students’ mathematical resilience. The purpose of this study is to contribute to readers’ understanding of the variability of mathematical resilience among Sanggar Bimbingan Rawang students by considering gender and age roles. Specifically, this study aims to: (1) determine the effect of gender on mathematical resilience, (2) determine the effect of age on mathematical resilience, and (3) determine the effect of the interaction between gender and age on students’ mathematical resilience. This research uses a quantitative approach, conducted on 26 samples from Sanggar Bimbingan Rawang, Selangor, Malaysia. Data collection was performed using questionnaires. The analysis technique involved a prerequisite test, including a normality test and a homogeneity test, followed by a hypothesis test using two-way variance analysis with unequal cells. Based on the data analysis results, it was found that: (1) the significance value indicates no gender influence on mathematical resilience, (2) the significance value of the age variable shows no effect of age on mathematical resilience, and (3) the significance value of the combined gender and age variables shows no interaction between gender and age on students’ mathematical resilience. In conclusion, the findings suggest that neither gender nor age, nor their interaction, have a significant impact on the mathematical resilience of students at Sanggar Bimbingan Rawang. This indicates that other factors may play a more crucial role in influencing mathematical resilience among these students.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI WORDWALL QUIZ TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Viola Maria Felicita , Sarifah Iva , Yudha Chrisnaji Banindra
Published: July 2024

This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design to measure the influence of the interactive media Wordwall Quiz on students' Indonesian language learning outcomes. The research was conducted with a sample of 20 class V students at SD Mekarsari. Data were analyzed using normality tests and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS 29 for Windows. The research hypothesis is that there is a change in the value of the Indonesian language after using interactive media based on Wordwall Quiz. The research results showed that there was a significant increase in post-test scores compared to the pre-test in Indonesian language subjects after using the Wordwall Quiz learning media. The average student pre-test score was 55.50, while the average post-test score reached 81.60. These results indicate that the use of interactive media Wordwall Quiz is effective in improving student learning outcomes. The statistical test using the paired sample test shows a t value of -6.772 with a significance level of 0.001, which shows that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the interactive media Wordwall Quiz can have a positive and significant influence on student learning outcomes.
Examination of the thickness of the different components of gallbladder wall in cases with mucocele and/or cholecystitis
Authors: Azuma Kazushi , Mason Gary , Monnet Eric
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

To assess the thickness of each layer of the gallbladder wall with different diseases in dogs.

SAMPLE

72 gallbladders.

METHODS

Retrospective study of dogs that underwent cholecystectomy. Histopathological specimens of the gallbladders were reviewed. Histopathological diagnosis was made as gallbladder mucocele or cholecystitis, and cholecystitis was further categorized into chronic cholecystitis, acute-on-chronic cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis, and necrotic cholecystitis. The thickness of each layer of the gallbladder wall was measured.

RESULTS

22 dogs were diagnosed with gallbladder mucocele without cholecystitis, 24 with gallbladder mucocele and cholecystitis, 20 with only cholecystitis, and 6 as normal. Histopathological subclassification of cholecystitis in 44 gallbladders led to diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis in 21 gallbladders, acute-on-chronic cholecystitis in 10 gallbladders, acute cholecystitis in 6 gallbladders, and necrotic cholecystitis in 7 gallbladders. The thickness of the entire wall of the gallbladder (P < .0001) and the thickness of the mucosa (P < .0001) and subserosa (P < .0001) were affected by the different disease processes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Layers of the gallbladder wall were affected by diseases present in the gallbladder. It resulted in a difference in the thickness of the wall of the gallbladder among the gallbladder diseases in this study. Histopathological changes should be taken into consideration before surgery while deciding what technique to use to perform a cholecystectomy.
Current therapy and advancements in the treatment of equine fungal keratitis
Authors: Roberts Darby M. , Gilger Brian C.
Published: July 2024

Equine fungal keratitis represents a substantial portion of keratitis cases in horses, with fungal involvement identified in approximately half of all infectious keratitis cases. Despite its prevalence, more comprehensive retrospective analyses are needed to better understand this condition. Outcomes vary, with approximately two-thirds of cases achieving complete healing with retained vision, although enucleation is often necessary. Predominant pathogens include Aspergillus and Fusarium, with yeast reported in a minority of cases. Resistance to common antifungal agents among filamentous fungi poses a significant challenge. Advances in diagnostics, including repeat culture and antifungal susceptibility testing, as well as the incorporation of PCR technology, hold promise for improving detection and guiding treatment decisions. Newer antifungals, combination therapies, and innovative modalities such as photodynamic therapy offer hope for improved outcomes. Continued research efforts are essential to further elucidate the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and optimal management strategies for this condition.
A multivariate generalized linear model of the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in end-stage renal disease
Authors: Najm Asawer Hassan , Abdalsada Habiba Khdair , Moustafa Shatha Rouf , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem
Published: July 2024

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a serious disease that requires hemodialysis as the main regimen for supporting patients. The pathophysiology of the disease is still an interesting field of study. In the present study, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), and vitamin D (VitD) were studied in ESRD. MMP3, TIMP1, VitD, and other related biomarkers were measured in 53 ESRD patients and compared with 33 healthy controls. The results showed a significant increase in serum MMP3 and TIMP1 and a significant decrease in serum VitD in ESRD patients compared with the control group. The multivariate GLM results revealed no significant effects of the covariates (sex, age, smoking and BMI) on the levels of MMP3, TIMP1 and VitD. ESRD was found to be the major factor affecting the measured parameters, with a huge effect size (Partial η2) of 0.824. According to our data, eGFR, Creatinine, Urea, phosphate, uric acid and VitD (as estimated glomerular filtration rate) are the top 6 factors highly affected by the presence of the disease. MMP3 and TIMP1 are important parameters in ESRD and may act as drug targets. As the patients also suffered from hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcemia, these factors also need intervention.
Vitamin D25-OH concentration in outpatient and hospitalized geriatric patients – retrospective study
Authors: Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: July 2024

A majority of the Polish population was found to have vitamin D deficiency. The problem was expected to grow in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic related lock down. The aim of the study was to compare concentrations of vitamin D in the blood sera of geriatric patients treated in outpatient clinics or hospitalized – and in the methods of treatment used. A retrospective study of the records of patients of the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic and the Geriatrics Ward in Lublin was conducted.

In 2022, 80 people: 50 hospitalized women (HW) and 30 hospitalized men (HM) were admitted to the Geriatrics Ward in Lublin. Of these, 78 persons had vitamin D levels measured. From the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, medical histories of 68 outpatient women (OW) and 27 outpatient men (OM) 60+ were analyzed. In HW and HM, mean vitamin D concentration was 23 ng/ml and in OW and OM 25 ng/ml. The OW and OM with vitamin D concentration <30 received prescription for cholecacliferol 20 000 IU to be administered orally twice a week. The follow-up visit 2 was months later. Out of 47 OW, 17 came for the follow up and their results improved. Out of 21 OM, 100% returned, but their results were less satisfactory. The HW and HM received cholecalciferol 2000 IU. There was no follow-up.

In total, 41% of the outpatient elderly and 55% of the hospitalized had vitamin D concentration <20 ng/ml. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with 20,000 IU cholecalciferol twice a week for two months is effective.
Formulation and development of Tacrolimus nanosponges-loaded hydrogel for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Borse Janhavi D , Pawar Ashish Y , Bendkule Kanchan B , Shinde Prajwal S
Published: July 2024

Targeted drug delivery to specific locations is a significant challenge encountered by researchers. Nanosponges have emerged as a promising solution for delivering drugs to their target sites. Nanosponges are nanoparticles with a large surface area, allowing for enhanced penetration compared to conventional drug delivery systems. This new technology offers controlled drug release and has several advantages over other methods. This project aimed to prepare and evaluate a Tacrolimus-loaded Nanosponges hydrogel. The goal was to create a dermatological gel suitable for local drug delivery after topical application, aiming for improved therapeutic effects, better dispersibility and good storage stability. Tacrolimus-loaded Nanosponge was prepared using beta-cyclodextrin and ethylcellulose as polymers, along with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a surfactant. The solvent emulsion diffusion technique is a method for preparing nanosponges, and the variations in the formulation using different polymers and drug-polymer ratios offer the opportunity to fine-tune the nanosponge’s properties to meet specific requirements for drug delivery applications. A Tacrolimus-loaded nanosponge hydrogel was formulated using carbopol 934. The results of the study indicated that the optimized batch of nanosponges with high entrapment efficiency was chosen for formulating the gel incorporating carbopol 934. The gel that was prepared was subjected to assessments for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro diffusion, permeation and stability. The findings suggest that Tacrolimus can be effectively formulated in low doses of nanosponges-loaded hydrogel for atopic dermatitis.
A diagnostic challenge – autoimmune encephalitis as paraneoplastic syndrome of ovarian teratoma. Current state of knowledge
Authors: Burdan Oliwia , Kurec Grzegorz , Szklener Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is one of the paraneoplastic syndromes of ovarian teratoma. Insufficient knowledge about the evolution of the disease, as well as its manifestation in the form of non-specific clinical symptoms (such as significant deterioration of memory and cognitive functions of patients), is a common cause of a prolonged diagnostic process and delay in the introduction of targeted treatment. The aim of the study was to summarize the data available in the literature, as well as recent reports, to facilitate and accelerate the diagnosis of the syndrome and ensure better care for patients.

A literature review was performed in the PubMed, Google Scholar databases and the guidelines of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, by using keywords. Making a diagnosis of AE requires the cooperation of a team of specialists (including, among others, neurologists, gynecologists and oncologists). Justification for this is the manifestation of pathology comes in the form of non-specific clinical symptoms. Treatment includes surgery to remove the tumor, pharmacotherapy: corticosteroids and immunoglobulin infusions, in addition to allied modern plasmapheresis treatments – in severe cases.

Sorting out the non-specific symptoms of AE would facilitate faster and more accurate diagnosis, and this improve the functioning of patients suffering from ovarian teratoma. Pertinent tests are necessary to facilitate and optimize the differential diagnosis. Education of doctors about its alarming symptoms is important, as is cooperation between doctors of different specialties.
L-cysteine sequestering methyl glyoxal prevents protein glycation: a combined in vitro and in silico evaluation
Authors: Lavilla Misshell L. , Lavilla Charlie Jr Aguilar , Burnea Francis Kirby B. , Inutan Ellen D.
Published: July 2024

Reactive carbonyl species such as methylglyoxal (MGO) act as potent glycating agents that are implicated in several oxidative stress-induced diseases, including, but not limited to, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the present study, a combined approach of initial computational studies and in vitro analysis was utilized to investigate the therapeutic benefit of L-cysteine (CYS), a thiol-containing compound. Based on the reactive analysis using global and local density functional theory (DFT) descriptors, the data reported here has revealed that CYS matches its electron-donating capacity with the electron acceptor, methylglyoxal, making the former a good candidate sequestering agent for the latter. Furthermore, in vitro analysis shows that CYS exhibits significant inhibitory effects towards damaging protein structural alteration and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Such assessment came about through Congo red binding Assay and Antiglycation Assay using BSA-MGO and BSA-glucose model systems. Additionally, CYS also demonstrates a significant protective effect towards MGO-induced oxidative stress in mouse C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, this thiol-containing compound is a promising therapeutic tool for several glycation or AGEs-induced pathological conditions. The use of more relevant cellular and animal models of desired disease studies is recommended to better understand the mechanistic basis of CYS’s potential therapeutic effect. This study utilizing the combined approach of computational and in-vitro analysis, provides helpful data to maximize the potential impact of CYS by designing related molecules that could serve as novel treatment strategies that are effective, safe, and accessible to all in the future.
Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination Along National Highway 107 in China
Authors: Jin Xiaohua , Tong Xinru , Hua Shunheng , Xu Yang
Published: July 2024

This study investigates soil heavy metal contamination behind the green belts along National Highway 107 in China. Soil samples were collected from both sides of the highway to determine the concentrations of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc. The distribution patterns, ecological risks, and health hazards associated with these heavy metals were analysed. In order to provide more sample examples and data support for soil heavy metal pollution control. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to detect the concentrations and speciation of these five heavy metals in the soil samples. The Geo-Accumulation Index method, the Nemerow pollution index method, and a health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the ecological and health risks of heavy metal pollution adjacent to the highway. Results indicated that: (1) The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in the soil decreased with the increasing number of protective forest layers, highlighting the significant role of protective belts in impeding the migration of heavy metals from the highway. (2) In terms of pollution assessment, the Geo-accumulation index method revealed prominent Cd contamination, the Geo-accumulation index of Cd peaked at 1.95 indicating a moderate to mild pollution level overall. Conversely, the Nemerow index method suggested a medium to extremely high risk of soil heavy metal Cd contamination. Specifically, the peak value of Cd single-factor pollution index in the study area reached 5.78, and the mean value of its Nemerow index (P) was 4.67. (3) In health risk assessment, it was found that children are more susceptible to heavy metal threats. The non-carcinogenic risk indices of all five heavy metals were less than 1, implying minimal risk. However, the total carcinogenic risk index for Cr ranged between 10–
6 and 10–4, posing a certain level of carcinogenic risk to humans.
Digital Empowerment and Enterprise Carbon Risk Management: Evidence from Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Han Yan
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the imperative of empowering enterprises to achieve energy savings and emission reductions through digital development amidst the backdrop of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. This study integrates digital empowerment and enterprise carbon risk management into a unified analytical framework, utilising panel data from listed companies spanning from 2011 to 2020 as research samples. The empirical investigation aims to ascertain whether there exist carbon risks impacting the operational performance of manufacturing enterprises and whether digital empowerment can mitigate these risks. The findings reveal that carbon intensity exerts an inhibitory influence on the enhancement of enterprise performance, indicating the presence of carbon risk issues faced by enterprises. Furthermore, it is observed that these carbon risk challenges escalate over time, a trend supported by robustness tests. Digital empowerment emerges as an effective mechanism in slowing down the carbon risks encountered by enterprises, albeit exhibiting characteristics of time lag. The study identifies notable heterogeneity in the role of digital empowerment in mitigating the carbon risks of enterprises.
Does the Chief Executive Officer Green Experience Contribute to the Low-Carbon Transition of the Organisation?
Authors: Xiong Xiaoliang
Published: July 2024

From the perspective of chief executive officer (CEO) green experience, this paper delves into the catalysts propelling corporate transitions toward lower carbon footprints, empirically evaluating these factors using listed company data from 2011 to 2020. The study reveals that CEO green experience contributes to diminishing corporate carbon intensity, thereby fostering the shift towards lower carbon operations. Notably, this finding persists even after subjecting the analysis to robustness tests. However, the impact of CEO green experience, while promoting corporate low-carbon transitions, is comparatively lesser than other influential factors. This discrepancy exhibits distinct variations within the ownership structure and pollution attributes of companies. Specifically, the significance of CEO green experience is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises and heavily polluting firms.
Photophysical Investigations of the Organic Compounds Synthesised from Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
Authors: Kotowicz Sonia , Korzec Mateusz , Kapkowski Maciej , Pająk Agnieszka Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the photophysical investigations of two organic compounds synthesised directly by the aminolysis depolymerisation of the waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) with aromatic amines, i.e., aniline and 3-amino-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide without use of a catalyst. The chemical structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, as well as FT-IR. The thermal, electrochemical and optical studies of the obtained derivatives were performed. The presented compounds were thermally stable up to 360 °C, and the glass transition temperature (T
g) occurred for the compound with the 1,8-naphthalimide units. The electrochemical investigations of the synthesised compounds have revealed one oxidation process and two reduction processes for the compound with the 1,8-naphthalimide fragments. The tested derivatives were characterised by a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level (below –6.09 eV) and an energy-band gap (E
g) below 3.10 eV. The obtained molecules were absorbed in the range of 204 nm - 445 nm and emitted light from a purple to a green spectral region deepened on the used solvent with low quantum yields. The blends with poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), which is used as a donor in the bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ), and amide derivative with 1,8-naphthalimide fragments were made, and the emission quenching of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) was recorded. The presented results of the photophysical investigations have opened new possibilities for obtaining functional materials from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET).
The economic consequences of armed conflicts in selected Eurasian countries at the turn of the 21st century
Authors: Leśniewski Leszek
Published: July 2024

Subject and purpose of work

The subject-matter of this paper is the economic situation in selected Eurasian countries affected by armed conflict at the turn of the 21st century. The aim of the paper is to assess the strength and impact of such conflict on the economic development of the affected countries from its outbreak until 2022.

Material and methods

The paper is based on an analysis of selected macroeconomic indicators using the Solow–Swan model by means of the Cobb-Douglas production function.

Results

Armed conflict had a significant impact on the economic situation in Ukraine and Bosnia and Herzegovina, affected Croatian economy to the most insignificant extent and had a moderate impact on socio-economic development in other states.

Conclusions

An armed conflict manifests itself in economic collapse, capital outflow and changes in the economic structure. What should be important for states emerging from an armed conflict is the development of technology and schooling on the one hand and the stabilisation of the implementation of economic policies aimed at avoiding a similar situation in the future on the other hand.
Marginal propensity to import and terms of trade: Panel granger causality evidence from the East African Community (EAC)
Authors: Nzeh Innocent Chile , Okoli Uju Victoria , Okolie David Ogomegbunam , Okolie Jonathan Ibekwe
Published: July 2024

Subject and purpose of work

The nexus between the terms of trade and marginal propensity to import and the consequent policy options arising from it among economic blocs is an area that has not been given due attention in the literature. The focus of the current paper is to examine the link between the marginal propensity to import and the terms of trade in the East African Community (EAC).

Material and methods

The authors discuss and test a panel Granger causality model which is complemented with the test of impulse response function and variance decomposition using data from five EAC countries (Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Kenya and Burundi).

Results

The long-run result of the study indicated that causality runs from all the variables to the terms of trade. In the short-run, results reveal that both the marginal propensity to import and the export of manufactures Grangercaused terms of trade without a feedback. The results of the impulse response function revealed that the terms of trade responded positively to shocks in the marginal propensity to import only in the first period, but afterwards the response turned negative in all the other periods. The terms of trade were equally found to respond positively to shocks in inflation rate in all the periods. The variance decomposition results indicated that apart from shocks to itself which was 100% in the first period, marginal propensity to import contributed about 0.0458% of shocks to the terms of trade, and this rose continuously in all the periods.

Conclusions

The analysis shows that both in the long-run and the short-run, marginal propensity to import determines the terms of trade among the EAC countries.
Loan repayment behavior of beneficiary farmers in primary agricultural cooperative societies in Haryana (India)
Authors: Singh Suninder , Singh Abhey , Rani Sumista , Rani Mamta
Published: July 2024

Subject and purpose of work

The study examined the loan repayment behavior of beneficiary farmers in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies in the State of Haryana, India.

Material and methods

The findings were based on primary as well as secondary data. The secondary data was collected for the period of 2006-2007 to 2018-2019. The primary data was collected in the second quarter of 2022.

Results

The study concluded that year-wise the maximum percentage of defaulter farmers was 34.97% in 2008-2009 due to the debt relief scheme announced by the Government of India in 2008. Furthermore, it revealed that about 75% of beneficiary farmers repaid their loans regularly after receiving the benefit of interest subvention at 7% by the government of India and the state government. The findings on primary data concluded that most farmers have been repaying their loans regularly, and less than 10% of beneficiary farmers defaulted. The main reason for the default was a loan without security and the anticipation of a loan waive-off scheme. About 19% of beneficiary farmers have been repaying their loans irregularly due to the short time within which loan repayments needed to be made.

Conclusions

The short time of loan repayment is the main cause of irregular loan repayment behavior. The period of repayment of loans should be extended for one year and it should be considered from the loan issuance date.
EU Sanctions Against Third Countries Legal Basis for EU Sanctions against Russia and its Citizens
Authors: Trstenjak Verica
Published: July 2024

The EU Treaties provide several possibilities to sanction EU Member States for failing to comply with EU law. The EU has a legal basis for so-called EU sanctions in Article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, aimed at third countries (i.e. countries outside the EU) and their legal entities (e.g., in Belarus, Russia). Over recent years, sanctions against third countries have become increasingly frequent. This article delves into the legal framework for adopting EU sanctions, the potential legal protection available to sanctioned individuals, and the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. In this context, the question of whether Abramovich or some other Russian citizens on the sanctions list can access funds from EU bank accounts or enter the EU will be addressed.
Extraterritorial Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Light of Modern Approaches
Authors: Falalieieva Liudmyla , Strilets Bohdan
Published: July 2024

The European Union actively practices the implementation of extraterritorial jurisdiction, which is due to the need to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and the legal order of the EU, compliance with its founding treaties. With this in mind, the article aims to define and analyse the extraterritorial case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) through the prism of different jurisdictional models. Regulatory provisions, modern case law, and doctrinal views on the discussed problem were considered, in particular, legal means of resolving jurisdictional conflicts in the EU were analysed in detail, the evolution of the practice of applying jurisdictional models by the CJEU was discussed, attention was focused on the territorial expansion of the EU law. The article also discloses the issue of non-recognition of such extraterritorial effect of legal norms on the part of third countries, as well as measures to prevent and resolve disputes arising on this ground.
Automated Decision-Making in The EU Member State’s Public Administration: The Compliance of Automated Decisions of the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund with Estonian Administrative Procedure Law
Authors: Zolkin Vladlen , Chochia Archil , Hoffmann Thomas
Published: July 2024

Automated process control has been used for a long time. Innovation and information technology achievements have made it possible to use automation in the State governance. Algorithm-based automated decisions are integral part of the concept of e-Government. Automated decisions are becoming more and more prevalent in modern society of the EU. Using automated decisions in public administration is a challenge for Administrative Law, because it has to evolve and keep up with the usage of new technologies, keep the legal balance between the cost-efficiency and operational flexibility of the State in general and at the same time ensure the protection of rights of individuals in each Member State and in the EU as a whole. Estonia is EU Member State and its public sector uses automated decisions but there are no direct legal provisions regarding what automated decision is, what are the conditions for issuing them, what are the safeguards to avoid the violation of rights of individuals etc. The right to issue automated decision is based only on the authorisation norm stipulated in a specific act regulating the field of activity of administrative authority. The Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund is one of the administrative authorities which issues automated decisions in its field of activity. The aim of this paper is to examine and find out whether the automated decisions used by Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund comply with the general principles of administrative procedure and the EU rules on data protection but also to identify aspects where legal adjustment is needed and propose legislative amendments. The paper is based on the analysis of relevant scientific books, articles, legal acts, supported by relevant case law and other sources.
The judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 7th October 2021, K 3/21. The case study on declaring the unconstitutionality of UE Treaties
Authors: Dąbrowski Marcin
Published: July 2024

The judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 7th October 2021 (K 3/21) represents the attitude of Polish authorities to the principle of priority of EU law. The constitutional court has developed the conception that this organ is entitled to check the conformity of EU law to Polish constitution and to adjudicate that a treaty is in contrary to the constitution. Indicated verdict is an example of these ideas. It seems that such a judgment would cause a set of very serious legal effects, for example changing the constitution or terminating an invalid international agreement. It means that the verdict generated very serious legal consequences or threats. Fortunately, the verdict has not been realized, and its consequences remain undone. It is the effect of contemporary position of Polish Tribunal and their explanation of the judgment. Mainstream lawyers scholars and academics treat this as a political statement of judges of the Tribunal.