bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trunk variability and local dynamic stability during gait after generalized fatigue induced by incremental exercise test in young women in different phases of the menstrual cycle
Authors: Dos Anjos Ludmila , Rodrigues Fábio , Scataglini Sofia , Baptista Rafael Reimann , Lobo da Costa Paula , Vieira Marcus Fraga
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify how generalized fatigue along with hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle affects trunk variability and local dynamic stability during gait.

Methods

General fatigue was induced by an incremental test on a treadmill, and the menstrual cycle was divided into three phases: follicular, ovulatory, and luteal. Twenty-six healthy, young volunteers (aged 18 to 28 years) who did not use oral contraceptives or other hormonal drugs with a regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. They walked on the treadmill for 4 min at the preferred speed, before the incremental test, followed by four sets of 4 min alternating between walking, also at preferred speed, and resting. From trunk kinematic data, the following were extracted: the mean of the standard deviation along strides, as a measure of variability, and the maximum Lyapunov exponent, as a measure of local dynamic stability (LDS).

Results

After the incremental test, variability increased, and LDS decreased. However, they showed a tendency to return to the initial value faster in women compared to previous results for men. In the follicular phase, which has less hormonal release, the volunteers had an almost complete recovery in LDS soon after the first rest interval, suggesting that female hormones can interfere with fatigue recovery. Nevertheless, concerning the LDS, it was significantly lower in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase.

Conclusion

Women that are not taking oral contraceptives should be aware that they are susceptible to increased gait instabilities in the pre-menstrual phase after strenuous activities.
Comportamento dos preços do boi gordo em São Paulo e as exportações de carne bovina brasileira entre os anos de 2015 e 2019
Authors: Da Silva Caroline Matos , Carrer Celso da Costa
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento de preços do boi gordo em São Paulo e as exportações de carne bovina brasileira entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Foram coletados dados de uma série temporal do CEPEA (Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada) e SECEX (Secretaria de Comércio Exterior). Foi utilizada a análise quantitativa e gráfica dos dados, a fim de compreender a relação entre as duas variáveis isoladamente. Os resultados apontam que os preços da arroba têm relação com o volume exportado durante o período, ganhando mais evidência em 2019, quando foram alcançados valores recordes da commodity.
Cumhuriyetin İlk Yıllarında Köy Yatı Mektepleri
Authors: YÜCEL M. Serhan
Published: October 2023

Osmanlı Devleti, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren savaşlar ve toprak kayıpları yüzünden sayıları hızla artan kimsesiz çocuklar sorunuyla yüz yüze kalmıştır. Bakıma muhtaçların barınma, iaşe, eğitim ve işe girmeleri için adeta seferber olan devlet, Tanzimat döneminde Darüşşafaka, sonrasında da Darülaceze ve Darüleytam gibi öğretim kuruluşlarıyla sorunun çözümüne odaklanmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında bu anlayış devam etmiş, köy ve şehir yatı mektepleri açılarak, Darüleytamların yatı mekteplerine dönüşmesi sağlanmıştır. 1925-1926 ders senesinde Türkiye’de toplam elli yatı mektebi eğitim vermiş, bunlardan on sekizi şehirlerde, kalan otuz ikisi köylerde faaliyet göstermiştir. Köy yatı mekteplerinin öğrencileri sadece öksüz veya yetim köy çocukları arasından seçilmiştir. İlkokul dersleriyle birlikte demircilik, terzilik, marangozluk ve kunduracılık gibi mesleki eğitime de ağırlık verilen yatı mekteplerinde müzik ve izcilik gibi uygulamalı dersler de yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Köy Enstitülerinin öncüsü Köy Yatı Mekteplerinin 1925-1926 eğitim öğretim yılındaki istatistikleri incelenmiştir.
Benefit Design and Access to Dental Care Among Seniors With Medicare Advantage Dental Benefits
Authors: Nasseh Kamyar , Singhal Astha , Vujicic Marko , Simon Lisa
Published: January 2025

Importance

Although Medicare Advantage plans frequently offer dental benefits, enrollees report lower rates of dental care use and higher rates of unmet dental need compared with individuals with employer-sponsored benefits. It is unknown which attributes of Medicare Advantage dental plans are associated with enhanced dental care access.

Objective

To determine attributes of Medicare Advantage dental plans associated with higher rates of dental care use and lower rates of unmet dental need.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included respondents from the 2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey whose Medicare Advantage plan identifiers were linked to 2019 Medicare Advantage dental plan data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Respondents enrolled in a Medicare Advantage dental plan for all 12 months in 2019. Data analysis was performed between May and August 2024.

Exposures

Medicare Advantage plans offering dental benefits.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were unmet dental need in the past year, unmet dental need due to cost in the past year, and whether the respondent visited a dentist in the past year. Outcomes were measured in a survey of individuals ages 65 years and older.

Results

In a sample including up to 1789 enrollees (mean [SD] age, 74.7 [7.4] years; 58.4% female; and 13.2% lived in a rural county), enrollees in Medicare Advantage HMO plans were 7.0 percentage points (95% CI, 3.2 to 10.9 percentage points) more likely to report unmet dental need and 4.4 percentage points (95% CI, 0.9 to 7.8 percentage points) more likely to report an unmet dental need due to cost. Prior authorization was associated with an increase of 4.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3 to 8.7 percentage points) in unmet dental need. Relative to plans that imposed no out-of-pocket costs on comprehensive services, plans that covered only preventive services were associated with an increase of 12.1 percentage points (95% CI, 3.2 to 21.0 percentage points) in unmet dental need and an increase of 7.8 percentage points (95% CI, 0.6 to 15.0 percentage points) in unmet dental need due to cost. Relative to plans with up to a $500 annual plan maximum, benefits with no annual plan maximum were associated with a decrease of −12.4 percentage points (95% CI, −20.9 to −3.8 percentage points) in unmet dental need.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that restrictive characteristics of Medicare Advantage dental plans are associated with greater unmet dental need and financial barriers to care. Results of this study suggest that increasing annual plan maximums or eliminating them entirely from benefit plans could decrease unmet dental need and increase dental care utilization.
An open chat between Prof Asifa Akhtar and Klaudia Jaczynska
Authors: Akhtar Asifa , Jaczynska Klaudia , Tsagakis Ioannis
Published: January 2025

To mark the International Day of Women and Girls in Science 2025, we invited Prof Asifa Akhtar, Vice President of the Max Planck Society's Biology and Medicine section, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg, Honorary Professor at the Albert Ludwigs University and recipient of the 2025 FEBS | EMBO Women in Science Award to meet and chat with Klaudia Jaczynska, final year PhD student at Jose Rizo's laboratory in UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and 2024 FEBS Open Bio Article Prize winner. We invited them to talk about challenges limiting equal representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, initiatives to foster supportive environments as a research institute and the importance of highlighting diverse examples of success.
Oligomeric Carbazole Phosphonic Acid as Hole‐Transporting Layer for Organic Solar Cells With Efficiency of 19.63%
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Lian Yuchen , Song Jiali , Liu Jie , Bi Zhaozhao , Ma Wei , Sun Yanming
Published: January 2025

A class of self‐assembly monolayers, distinguished by a carbazole‐conjugated backbone pendant with phosphonic acid (PA) side units, are widely used as hole‐transporting layers (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, challenges such as pronounced aggregation tendency and low conductivity have hindered their widespread applications. This study addresses these limitations by introducing novel oligomeric PA designs to overcome the drawbacks associated with monolayer HTLs. The newly synthesized oligomer integrates carbazole backbones and PA side units through Suzuki polymerization, showing absorption characteristics similar to small molecules, but with reduced aggregation and improved hole transport properties. OSCs using such a HTL achieve an impressive efficiency of 19.63% with remarkable stability. These results highlight the potential of oligomeric HTLs as promising materials for realizing efficient OSCs.
Hydrophilic Shape‐Memory Nanozyme Aerogel for the Development of a Reusable and Signal‐Amplified Sensor
Authors: Jia Weijuan , Zhu Bin , Zhang Aoxue , Hou Haiwei , Qu Zhan , Bu Yazhong , Liu Lan , Du Baoji
Published: January 2025

Nanozymes hold great promise for biosensing applications, yet their practical implementation is hampered by limitations in signal enhancement, reusability, and device integration. Herein, the development of a hydrophilic shape‐memory nanozyme aerogel that addresses these challenges is reported. The aerogel platform is constructed by embedding chitosan‐protected platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐CS NPs), which exhibit intrinsic peroxidase (POD) activity, within a polyacrylic acid (PAA) aerogel matrix. This hybrid Pt‐CS/PAA aerogel retains the shape‐memory effect of the PAA component as well as the POD activity of the Pt‐CS NPs. Importantly, the aerogel exhibits differential adsorption behaviors toward the two distinct POD oxidation products, oxidized 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐benzidine (oxTMB) and oxidized 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (oxABTS), driven by their differing electrostatic potentials with the aerogel. By integrating the shape‐memory effect, nanozyme catalysis, and exceptional probe adsorption performance, the aerogel enables the realization of the signal‐amplified or reusable nanozyme‐based assay, when employing TMB and ABTS as chromogenic substrates, respectively. Furthermore, the aerogel architecture allows for straightforward deviceization, transforming nanozyme‐based analysis from conventional test paper formats into practical, reusable sensing devices. This work establishes a generalizable blueprint for engineering smart nanozyme materials with shape memory characteristics, opening up new avenues for developing advanced biosensing platforms with enhanced performance and user‐friendly operability.
Multifunctional Microflowers for Precise Optoacoustic Localization and Intravascular Magnetic Actuation In Vivo
Authors: Nozdriukhin Daniil , Lyu Shuxin , Bonvin Jérôme , Reiss Michael , Razansky Daniel , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís
Published: January 2025

Efficient drug delivery remains a significant challenge in modern medicine and pharmaceutical research. Micrometer‐scale robots have recently emerged as a promising solution to enhance the precision of drug administration through remotely controlled navigation within microvascular networks. Real‐time tracking is crucial for accurate guidance and confirmation of target arrival. However, deep‐tissue monitoring of microscopic structures in vivo is limited by the sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution of current bioimaging techniques. In this study, biocompatible microrobots are synthesized by incorporating indocyanine green and iron oxide nanoparticles onto copper phosphate microflowers using a layer‐by‐layer approach, enhancing optoacoustic contrast and enabling magnetic navigation. Magnetic control of these particles under optoacoustic guidance is demonstrated in vivo. Furthermore, super‐resolution optoacoustic imaging, achieved through individual particle tracking, is shown to enable the characterization of microvascular structures and quantification of blood flow. The combination of the microflowers' high carrying capacity, in vivo actuation, and high‐resolution tracking capabilities opens new opportunities for precise microvascular targeting and localized administration of theranostic agents via intravascular routes.
Efficient Multicolor Emission Zn‐Sb‐Mn Chloride Scintillators: Large‐Scale Production for Multi‐Level Anti‐Counterfeiting, Information Storage, and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Huang Tao , Li Tongzhou , Lin WenChao , Lei Jinyu , Li Weijian , Niu Quan , Zou Bingsuo
Published: January 2025

Achieving multiple efficient emissions from a single scintillator material is challenging. This work presents several Zn or Cd‐based halide materials with tetrahedral clusters, which show high‐efficiency, multicolor emission scintillating by co‐doping Sb3⁺ and Mn2⁺. In this 0D structure, Mn2⁺ and Sb3⁺ can function as independent emission centers, producing efficient green or red emission bands, respectively, all with photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) exceeding 70% for green, yellow, and red emissions. Notably, Ph3M‐Zn:Sb3+@Mn2⁺ out of the above compounds exhibits PLQY values exceeding 90% for all three color emissions. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional scintillation performance under X‐ray illumination, achieving a resolution of 18 lp mm−1 and a detection limit of 50.1 nGyairS⁻¹, surpassing most commercial scintillators. Additionally, the cross‐ and independent‐emission colors produced by these compounds under varying excitations have been utilized to develop novel optical anti‐counterfeiting and information storage applications with high security. These advances demonstrate that co‐doping with Sb3⁺ and Mn2⁺ significantly can optimize the optical performance of the host halide materials, for multifunctional scintillators in a variety of technological applications.
Reconfigurable Free Form Silicon Photonics by Phase Change Waveguides
Authors: Shixin Gao , Haonan Ren , Jingzhe Pang , Yang Ren , Zhenqing Zhao , Shuang Zhang , Tun Cao
Published: January 2025

The rapid reprogramming of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offers transformative potential for photonic technologies. Traditional programmable photonic devices, relying on thermo‐optic or electro‐optic effects, face limitations like large size and high energy consumption. Chalcogenide phase‐change materials (CPCMs) have gained attention for enabling energy‐efficient, non‐volatile optical manipulation on‐chip, crucial for in‐memory optical computing. Sb₂S₃ emerges as a promising alternative to conventional CPCMs, providing low loss and reversibility. This work introduces a CMOS‐compatible reconfigurable waveguide platform using Sb₂S₃ thin film on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI). Laser direct writing enables the creation of complete channel waveguides in a single step, with the flexibility to erase and rewrite segments for rapid design adjustments. The platform demonstrates stable waveguide erasure using a cost‐effective laser engraver and low‐loss coupling between SOI and the phase‐change material‐on‐silicon (PCMoS) waveguide. By combining an economical fabrication process with a robust device architecture, this integration scheme offers a versatile solution for applications such as optical interconnects, neuromorphic and quantum computing, and microwave photonics.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Electro‐Thermochromic Fluorescent Fibers for Self‐Adaptive Intelligent Display in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Hu Zixi , Zhan Luyao , Zhang Yingying , Sun Luping , Wang Xingchi , Liu Yongkun , Ma Haitao , Wang Mei , Ding Bin , Ma Ying , Yu Jianyong
Published: January 2025

Electrochromic fibers adept at miniaturization and seamless integration with the soft and dynamically deformed human body, emerge as promising frontrunners in smart displays as a new form of wearable visual output devices. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve conformal smart fibers with various colors, desirable color‐changing performance, reliable mechanical properties, and a simple preparation procedure for intelligent display of complex information during a human‐machine interface. Herein, full‐color electro‐thermochromic fluorescent fibers with fast response (<1 s), off–on switching luminescence, good reversibility (>50 cycles), and programmable control, are developed on the basis of self‐crystallinity phase changes and Förster resonance energy transfer; and performed self‐adaptive intelligent display (≈2 s) of multi‐targets in dynamic environments with the assistance of deep learning, by using a wearable textile display system as an example implementation. The work unifies deep learning and smart fibers to make it possible for bio‐inspired self‐adaptive ability, in which the dynamic targets encompass a diverse array of morphological entities, extending even to stimuli like light, scent, temperature, and humidity. This self‐adaptive intelligent display fiber presents unprecedented opportunities for next‐generation wearable electronics and systems, fostering seamless communication and adaptability within dynamic environments.
Operando Synchrotron X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Key Tool for Cathode Material Studies in Next‐Generation Batteries
Authors: Fan Yameng , Wang Xin , Bo Guyue , Xu Xun , See Khay Wai , Johannessen Bernt , Pang Wei Kong
Published: January 2025

Rechargeable batteries are central to modern energy storage systems, from portable electronics to electric vehicles. The cathode material, a critical component, largely dictates a battery's energy density, capacity, and overall performance. This review focuses on the application of operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study cathode materials in Li‐ion, Na‐ion, Li–S, and Na–S batteries. Operando XAS provides real‐time insights into the local electronic structure, oxidation states, and coordination environments, which are crucial for understanding complex electrochemical processes, such as redox reactions, phase transitions, and structural degradation. The review highlights the strengths of hard and soft XAS techniques in probing transition metal (TM) and anionic redox processes, particularly in layered oxide cathodes, where reversible oxygen redox and TM behavior are pivotal. The role of operando XAS is also explored in analyzing conversion‐type S‐based cathodes, where it helps unravel the intricate reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges of in situ cell design for operando XAS, especially under ultrahigh vacuum conditions for soft XAS. By discussing recent advancements and future directions, this review underscores the critical role of operando XAS in driving innovation and improving the design and performance of next‐generation battery technologies.
Factors influencing the delivery of automated external defibrillators by lay rescuers to the scene of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests in schools
Authors: Kiyohara Kosuke , Ayusawa Mamoru , Nitta Masahiko , Sudo Takeichiro , Iwami Taku , Nakata Ken , Kitamura Yuri , Kitamura Tetsuhisa ,   For the SPIRITS Investigators
Published: January 2025

Aim

Timely use of automated external defibrillators by lay rescuers significantly improves the chances of survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest cases. We aimed to identify the factors influencing whether lay rescuers bring automated external defibrillators to the scene of nontraumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests in schoolchildren in Japan.

Methods

Data on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests among schoolchildren from April 2008 to December 2021 were obtained from the database of the Stop and Prevent cardIac aRrest, Injury, and Trauma in Schools study. A multivariate Modified Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors influencing whether a lay rescuer brought an automated external defibrillator to the scene of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and the year‐by‐year changes in automated external defibrillator delivery for each factor were assessed.

Results

Of the 333 nontraumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests across the entire study period, lay rescuers brought automated external defibrillators in 85.3% of cases. Female patients and incidents occurring during non‐sports activities had lower proportions of automated external defibrillator delivery. Significant year‐by‐year improvements in automated external defibrillator delivery were observed, with the overall proportion increasing from 73.7% in 2008–2010 to 93.3% in 2020–2021. However, the trend was less pronounced for female students, non‐sports activities, and incidents occurring in classrooms/other locations than their counterparts.

Conclusions

AED delivery to the scene of OHCA in schools has improved overall, with the proportion increasing from 73.7% in 2008–2010 to 93.3% in 2020–2021. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in female patients, and incidents during non‐sports activities.
Construction of Axially Chiral Dialdehydes via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Amidation
Authors: Yang Jie‐Ying , Du Ya‐Ru , Cheng Fu‐Qiang , An Kun , Hu Yuefei , Li Zhong‐Yuan
Published: January 2025

Achieving axially chiral biaryl dialdehydes through asymmetric catalysis remains significantly challenging due to the lack of efficient strategies. In this report, we developed a rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H amidation through chiral transient directing group strategy. With this new approach, a series of axially chiral amido dialdehydes were achieved in up to 86 % yields with 99.5 : 0.5 er. Furthermore, detailed mechanistic studies indicated that both the imine formation and C−H bond cleavage steps were reversible. More interestingly, the X‐ray crystallographic analysis of Int‐2 showed probable C−H/π interaction between biaryl group and chiral amine moiety. This process offered a convenient route to access axially chiral dialdehyde derivatives. More broadly, it demonstrated a new tool through transient and C−H/π synergistic interactions, which would stimulate further development of asymmetric catalytic system in enantioselective C−H functionalization.
Metal‐Free Multicatalytic Decarbonylation of Aldehydes Driven by Light
Authors: Nouaille Augustin , Terzani Francesco , Fakih Yara , Hannedouche Jérôme , Magnier Emmanuel , Gosmini Corinne , Dagousset Guillaume
Published: January 2025

A metal‐free dual photo‐ and organocatalytic decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes is described for the first time. On the one hand, a wide range of tertiary aldehydes are smoothly decarbonylated thanks to the combination of thioxanthone as photocatalyst and diphenyl disulfide as organocatalyst. On the other hand, by simply using 4‐CzIPN as photocatalyst instead of thioxanthone, various secondary aldehydes readily undergo decarbonylation in an orthogonal manner, via the in situ formation of 1,4‐dihydropyridines. Both methodologies are compatible with various functional groups and are readily applied to the decarbonylation of complex molecules.
Cotton From Industrial Waste Modified for Effective Absorption of Oil Spills
Authors: Singh Chandra Jeet , Srivastava Mayuri , Jaiswal Vivek , Ghosh Anik , Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Rengasamy Raju Seenivasan
Published: January 2025

A primary emphasis of this investigation is the utilization of discarded cotton fiber. Oil sorbent from cotton was developed by changing the hydrophilic surface of waste cotton fiber to a hydrophobic surface by acetylation treatment. Change in the surface structure of the fiber was confirmed by confirmed through various analytical techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, drop shape analyzer (DSA100), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared to commercial oil sorbents (polypropylene), diesel and engine oil were shown to have much greater oil sorption capacities (20.07 and 23.89 g/g, respectively). Acetylated cotton fibers are easily disposed of after the fifth cycle and have remarkable oil sorption capacities (23.89 g/g). After the fifth cycle, regenerated sorbent is eco‐friendly and can supply biopower plants. They also support environmental sustainability goals.
The Architecture of Large Kurgans of the Scythians and Their Periphery: A Challenge for Magnetometer Prospections in the Eurasian Steppe Belt
Authors: Fassbinder Jörg W. E. , Gass Anton
Published: January 2025

The burial mounds of the early Iron Age, which we will refer to below as kurgans, from the nomadic equestrian warriors of Eurasia, form a very complex group of archaeological monuments. Archaeological excavations in Aržan 2 (Siberia) and Aleksandropol (Ukraine) show that the large burial mounds are complex architectural constructions. Such monuments included not only the kurgan mounds themselves but also their immediate surroundings. In the area surrounding the kurgan, further graves, hordes and sacrificial facilities that belonged to the periphery of the large burial mound were uncovered. These results gave birth to the hypothesis that these findings are characteristic of burial mounds of the Scythian period. With extended archaeo‐geophysical investigations, we aimed to test this assumption and verify this hypothesis by surveying as many Scythian sites across the entire steppe belt as possible. Here, we present a selection of representative case studies from 24 archaeological sites that support this hypothesis. Our archaeo‐geophysical investigations show that similar and previously unknown finds can be found in the periphery of the Scythian‐era necropolises in the Eurasian steppe throughout the entire steppe belt. By comparing many magnetometer studies, we gained exceptional new archaeological insights that would have remained hidden for decades using conventional archaeological excavation methods. We uncovered some findings by using a magnetometer survey for the first time. Such parallels of findings indicate intensive contacts of the early equestrian nomads in the east with both the northwestern steppe of Kazakhstan, the steppe of the northern Caucasus and in the steppe region of the Lower Trans‐Volga, which forms the corridor between Europe and Asia and the western North Caucasus. Comparable structures with the same magnetic signature may indicate a comparable ritual character. Buildings of these early Iron Age nomadic horsemen presumably served the same rites and established burial rituals. As a result, these groups were possibly already connected by a widespread communication network in the 1st millennium bc, which stretched across Eurasia's entire 4200‐km‐wide steppe belt.
Fluorescent properties and photostability of streptavidin‐conjugated StayGOLD protein for DNA labeling
Authors: Kim Yurie Tehee , Choe Joohee , Jo Kyubong
Published: January 2025

Here, we report a strepatavidin(SA)‐conjugated StayGOLD fluorescent protein as a DNA labeling agent. We investigate the photophysical properties and photostability of the streptavidin‐coupled StayGOLD fluorescent protein compared to SA‐mNeonGreen. Fluorescent proteins, particularly StayGOLD variants, are recognized for their enhanced stability and brightness, making them suitable for prolonged imaging. Using SA‐StayGOLD in DNA labeling, we observed significant improvements in fluorescence intensity and reduced photobleaching relative to SA‐mNeonGreen. Photophysical analyses suggest that StayGOLD's stability arises from specific structural features, including interactions of protein residues and water molecules with the chromophore. Structural comparisons revealed differing chromophore environments between SA‐StayGOLD and SA‐mNeonGreen, with arginine (R86) in StayGOLD appearing as a particularly relevant factor for its photostability. These findings confirm SA‐StayGOLD as a superior tool for single‐molecule DNA imaging, where high fluorescence intensity and photostability are essential for data quality.
Marginal Fit and Fracture Resistance of Vertical Versus Horizontal Margins in Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Salama Mohamed A. , Aldamaty Mohamed F. , Abdalla Moamen A. , Omar Elsayed Ali , AbdElaziz Mohammed H. , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
Published: January 2025

Objective

The use of vertical margin design in all‐ceramic restoration has generated inquiries regarding its clinical efficacy under diverse dynamic oral conditions. This research aims to assess the marginal fit and fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns featuring vertical margin design as opposed to those with conventional horizontal margin design.

Materials and Methods

Two metal dies were employed to generate replicated resin dies mimicking mandibular first molar preparation. The metal dies were precision‐engineered with two margin designs: vertical margin design presenting a shoulderless configuration (Featheredge) and horizontal margin design (Radial Shoulder). Forty zirconia crowns were produced on the replicated resin dies using two varieties of monolithic zirconia, with twenty crowns in each category: pre‐shaded and multilayered zirconia. Both sets were further subdivided into two groups based on the finish line configuration utilized (n = 10). The vertical marginal gap of the zirconia crowns was gauged before and after thermocycling (5‐55oC/5000 cycles), followed by loading the crowns until fracture occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), accompanied by Bonferroni's post hoc test and independent t‐test for pairwise comparisons.

Results

The Shoulder subgroup of BruxZir exhibited the highest mean marginal gap value (120.06 ± 10.15 µ), while the Featheredge subgroup of BruxZir displayed the lowest value (49.72 ± 6.53 µ). Among the BruxZir group, the Featheredge subgroup showcased the highest mean fracture resistance value (4251.57 ± 279.90 N), whereas the Shoulder subgroup recorded the lowest value (1721.60 ± 225.16 N).

Conclusion

Monolithic zirconia crowns with vertical margin design (Featheredge) demonstrated statistically enhanced performance compared to conventional horizontal margin design, as evidenced by lower marginal gap values and increased fracture resistance tolerance.
Inulin Dehydration to 5‐HMF in Deep Eutectic Solvents Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquids Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , Raia Giovanna , Bailey Josh J. , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , D'Anna Francesca
Published: January 2025

Valorization of carbohydrate‐rich biomass by conversion into industrially relevant products is at the forefront of research in sustainable chemistry. In this work, we studied the inulin conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, in deep eutectic solvents, in the presence of acidic task‐specific ionic liquids as catalysts. We employed aliphatic and aromatic ionic liquids as catalysts, and choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents bearing glycols or carboxylic acids, as solvents. The reactions were performed in a biphasic system, with acetone as a benign extracting solvent, enabling continuous extraction of 5‐HMF. We aimed to find the best experimental conditions for this transformation, in terms of catalyst loading, solvent, reaction time and temperature to achieve an economical and energy efficient process. We also analyzed the results in terms of solvent viscosity and structural organization as well as catalysts acidity, to elucidate which structural features mostly favour the reaction. Under optimized conditions, we obtained a yield in 5‐HMF of 71 %, at 80 °C in 3 h. Our system can be scaled up and recycled three times with no loss in yield. Finally, comparison with the literature shows that our system achieves a higher yield under milder conditions than most protocols so far reported for the same transformation.
Impact of Repeated Glucocorticoid Oral Administration on the Urinary Steroid Profile
Authors: Coll Sergi , Hernández Deamelys , Bressan Claudia , Ramírez Rosalia , Monfort Núria , Aldea‐Perona Ana , Ventura Rosa
Published: January 2025

The detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) is performed with the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Glucocorticoids (GC) could be a confounding factor to the ABP Steroidal Module because they inhibit the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and ABP metabolites have partial adrenal origin. In previous studies, single‐dose systemic GC administrations have been shown to reduce the urinary ratios A/T and 5αdiol/E. In this work, the impact of repeated oral doses of GCs on the urinary steroid profile (SP) has been evaluated. The treatments administered consisted of multiple oral administrations of methylprednisolone (12 mg/24 h for 3 days, n = 8) and dexamethasone (2 mg/12 h for 5 days, n = 8). Urine samples were collected before, during, and after the GC treatments, and the SP was measured in all samples using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The multiple‐dose oral administration of GCs resulted in a treatment‐dependent reduction of the excretion rates of some urinary metabolites (5αAdiol, A, and Etio) and the urinary SP ratios A/T and 5αAdiol/E. The T/E ratio was not significantly affected. Overall, although the consumption of GC could result in atypical profiles for A/T and 5αAdiol/E ratios, according to the cost/benefit assessment, GC should not be considered a confounding factor to the urinary SP because misunderstandings would only take place in very specific situations and, in those cases, the analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry of the urine triggering the atypical profile would demonstrate the endogenous origin of the SP metabolites.
Late solitary metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in the residual ureter
Authors: Hakozaki Yusuke , Matsuoka Kanako , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Hata Junya , Sato Yuichi , Akaihata Hidenori , Kataoka Masao , Ogawa Soichiro , Uemura Motohide , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Postoperative recurrence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is rare, and its metastatic process remains unclear. We here report a case of a solitary metastasis in the residual ureter detected 9 years after the primary surgery and discuss its possible recurrence mechanism based on our immunohistochemical study.

Case presentation

A 67‐year‐old woman received nephrectomy for a left renal tumor, which was diagnosed as chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with urinary collecting system invasion. Nine years postoperatively, a tumor was found in the residual ureteral stump and was surgically excised. The recurrent tumor was histologically diagnosed as chromophobe renal cell carcinoma surrounded by normal urothelial cells. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells showed a high expression of uroplakin‐2, a urothelium‐specific marker.

Conclusion

In our case, highly adhesive uroplakin‐2‐positive cancer cells spilled from the primary site and attached to the residual ureteral stump, growing slowly while being gradually covered by normal urothelial cells.
Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network for Robust Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Kanta Prasad , Hussain Rifat , Jaharadak Adam Amril , Trawnih Ali Ahmad , Verma Deekhsha , Dasi Shivakrishna , Pant Shivani
Published: January 2025

In this article, we propose an intelligent hybrid model that combines deep learning with optimization techniques to enhance the security of wireless sensor networks (WSN) by detecting and preventing cyberattacks. In the rapidly expanding Internet landscape, security has become crucial due to the surge in Internet users. Various intrusion detection systems have been developed over time to detect and identify intruders using data processing methods. However, existing systems often fall short in achieving high detection accuracy. To address this, the article introduces an Enhanced Black Widow Optimization (EBWO) algorithm integrated with a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Attention Mechanism (ATTN) model for detecting malicious activities in IoT‐based WSNs. The EBWO algorithm optimizes the parameters of the BiGRU‐ATTN network, enhancing its performance. The proposed model's effectiveness is evaluated using various metrics and benchmarked against other popular deep learning algorithms. An experimental study is conducted using the WSN‐DS dataset to demonstrate that the proposed approach detects cyber threats in WSNs better than any other approach.
Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–Response Modeling Support Body Surface Area‐Based Dosing of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Hayato Seiichi , Hamuro Lora , Shimizu Toshio , Yonemori Kan , Nishio Shin , Yunokawa Mayu , Yoshida Tatsuya , Nishio Makoto , Matsumoto Koji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Kosei , Kozuki Toshiyuki , Hirashima Yasuyuki , Kato Hidenori , Miura Takuma , Nomoto Maiko , Zhao Yue , Zhu Li , Yasuda Sanae
Published: January 2025

The first‐in‐human, Phase 1 Study 101 showed antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile of farletuzumab ecteribulin in Japanese patients with platinum‐resistant ovarian and non‐small cell lung cancer. A pharmacometric assessment evaluated farletuzumab ecteribulin pharmacokinetics and exposure–response (E‐R) relationships for efficacy and safety to support dose optimization. Patients received 0.3‐1.2 mg/kg of farletuzumab ecteribulin intravenously every 3 weeks. A pharmacokinetics (PK) model was developed and used for E‐R analyses. Efficacy was assessed via tumor response and safety via known treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of farletuzumab ecteribulin, particularly pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease (ILD). Dosing scenarios were simulated to identify dosing that maximizes the probability of an objective response while minimizing the risk of ILD. The farletuzumab ecteribulin PK dataset included 1261 observations from 82 patients. The final model included an estimated population mean value for farletuzumab ecteribulin clearance of 0.0162 L/h. Body surface area (BSA) was a significant PK covariate and was included in the model. Body weight (BW) was associated with higher farletuzumab ecteribulin exposure. Using BW‐based dosing, farletuzumab ecteribulin AUC (area under the serum concentration–time curve) was higher in patients with tumor response or stable disease versus patients with progressive disease and higher in patients with ILD and other TEAEs. Dosing simulations showed that BSA‐based dosing (33 mg/m2) yielded similar tumor responses to BW‐based dosing (0.9 mg/kg) and decreased ILD rates. This study showed that BW‐based dosing resulted in higher risks of ILD events for patients with a high BW versus low BW, whereas BSA‐based dosing is predicted to reduce this risk while maintaining clinical efficacy.
Gender Differences in Barriers in Career Development Among a Cohort of Dental Researchers. A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sangalli Linda , Shaddox Luciana M. , De Souza Grace M.
Published: January 2025

Background

This cross‐sectional study investigated gender differences in barriers to career development among dental researchers and between academic and non‐academic women.

Methods

An anonymous 34‐item survey assessing barriers to career development and workplace obstacles (14 items), along with demographic/occupation characteristics (22 items), was distributed among dental researchers at the Women In Science Network meetings at 2024 AADOCR/IADR General Session (QR code) and through AADOCR/IADR discussion board (online platform). Differences in barriers and workplace obstacles were analyzed between women and men with chi‐square tests; comparisons were repeated among women working within versus outside academia.

Results

A total of 233 participants completed the survey (68.7% women, 45.3% White, two‐thirds working in the United States, 62% in academia). Compared to men, women more frequently reported feeling less supported by leadership (p = 0.039), taking career breaks (p = 0.004), and experiencing bullying/harassment (41.3% vs. 22.6%; p = 0.003), microaggression (55.6% vs. 33.9%; p = 0.001), and gender bias (46.9% vs. 14.5%; p < 0.001) in their workplace, particularly between ages 36 and 65. While work–life balance issues (62.8%) and stress (59.6%) were reported by both, women reported a lack of financial (p = 0.004), administrative (p = 0.045), and mentoring (p = 0.014) support more often than men. Limited to women, those in academia reported more episodes of bullying/harassment (47.9% vs. 23.3%; p = 0.016), microaggression (67.5% vs. 23.3%; p < 0.001), and gender bias (56.4% vs. 20.9%; p < 0.001) than those outside academia, especially between ages 51 and 65. Compared to non‐academic women, those in academia faced more unsatisfactory leadership decisions (p = 0.003), financial (p = 0.006), administrative (p = 0.046), and mentoring (p = 0.007) support.

Conclusions

Women in dental research encounter significantly more barriers to development and workplace obstacles than men and non‐academic women.
Contemporary clinical perspectives on chronic low back pain: The biology, mechanics, etc. underpinning clinical and radiological evaluation
Authors: Sima Stone , Diwan Ashish
Published: January 2025

Background

Pain of a chronic nature remains the foremost concern in tertiary spine clinics, yet its elusive nature and quantification challenges persist. Despite extensive research and education on low back pain (LBP), the realm of diagnostic practices lacks a unified approach. Clinically, LBP exhibits a multifaceted character, encompassing conventional assessments of severity and disability, alongside nuanced attributes like pain characterization, duration, and patient expectations. Common instigators of LBP encountered in spine surgical settings comprise degenerated intervertebral discs (IVD), herniated IVD, canal and foraminal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. However, addressing the root cause necessitates its identification and substantiation through visualization.

Methods

This perspective reviews the diagnostic complexities of LBP. Thorough history‐taking and physical examinations offer preliminary insights into the underlying source of pain, whether it arises from discogenic origins, neural compression, or sagittal imbalance. The importance of classifying chronic LBP into the underlying pathophysiology is explored. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of aligning clinical observations with imaging findings to guide personalized treatment strategies.

Results

Currently, there exists a disparity globally between evidence‐based recommendations and actual applications. Recent discoveries behind the pathophysiology of pain phenotypes signify the importance of classifying LBP into its neuropathic or nociceptive origins. The pivotal role of radiological investigations in validating clinical findings for an accurate diagnosis cannot be overstated. However, radiology should not operate in isolation; the disconnect between the clinical and radiological realms ultimately benefits neither the patient nor the surgeon. Additionally, more sensitive measures of IVD prolapse and the corresponding inflammatory pathway triggered are required to provide information on the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of pain generation.

Conclusion

This perspective article underscores the imperative fusion of clinical acumen and radiological precision in the intricate landscape of LBP diagnosis. These findings advocate for a paradigm shift towards personalized medicine. By offering a compass for surgeons to navigate this complex terrain and deliver more effective, patient‐centered care with targeted interventions this article aims to enhance management outcomes for chronic LBP.
Breast radiation therapy fluence painting with multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Dongrong Yang , Xinyi Li , Sua Yoo , Rachel Blitzblau , Susan McDuff , Sarah Stephens , Paul Segars , Q Jackie Wu , Yang Sheng
Published: January 2025

Background

The electronic compensation (ECOMP) technique for breast radiation therapy provides excellent dose conformity and homogeneity. However, the manual fluence painting process presents a challenge for efficient clinical operation.

Purpose

To facilitate the clinical treatment planning automation of breast radiation therapy, we utilized reinforcement learning (RL) to develop an auto‐planning tool that iteratively edits the fluence maps under the guidance of clinically relevant objectives.

Methods

With institutional review board (IRB) approval, 70 patients treated with 6MV tangential photon beams with ECOMP technique were retrospectively collected and included in this study (20/50 for training/testing). Each pixel in the fluence map was assigned a reinforcement learning agent to perform independent action. Beam‐eye‐view projected dose profiles were generated to form state information as the input of the RL network. By predicting the Q value, pixel‐wise actions were selected to modify specific pixel value in the fluence maps to improve overall plan quality. After dose calculation, reward signal calculated from the variation of target coverage and dose homogeneity was fed back to the RL framework and used to update network parameters. The RL generated plans were evaluated with dose distribution and dosimetric endpoints (i.e., Breast PTV V90%, Breast PTV V95%, Breast PTV V105%, Lung V20 Gy, Heart V5 Gy, Dmax) and compared with clinical plans.

Results

The RL agent took around 90 s to generate a ECOMP treatment plan. The RL plans exhibited plan quality comparable to clinical plans in terms of isodose distribution and dosimetric endpoints. The mean Breast PTV V95%, Breast PTV V105% of RL plans are and , compared to and cc of clinical plans.

Conclusion

The developed RL framework efficiently generates breast ECOMP plans with clinical acceptable plan quality.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Upper Limb Sublesional Muscle Morphology in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ro Hannah J. , Ogalo Emmanuel , Debenham Mathew I. B. , Wu Harvey , Hanlan Amy K. , O'Connor Russell , Bristol Sean G. , Doherty Christopher J. , Brown Erin E. , Berger Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Aims

Upper limb paralysis is arguably the most limiting consequence of cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). There is limited knowledge regarding the early structural changes of muscles implicated in grasp/pinch function and upper extremity nerve transfer surgeries. We evaluated: (1) muscle size and echo intensity (EI) in subacute cSCI (2–6 months) and (2) the influence of lower motor neuron (LMN) damage on these ultrasound parameters.

Methods

Cross‐sectional B‐mode images were captured bilaterally in individuals with cSCI (injury duration: 3.3 ± 1.2 months; C4–C6 injury levels; American Spinal Injuries Association Impairment Scale A–C; 45.7 ± 13.7 years; 3 females, 14 males) for biceps brachii (BB), extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis proprius, flexor pollicis longus (FPL), and first dorsal interosseous. Each limb was analyzed as an independent event (n = 34). Cross‐sectional area (CSA), thickness (MT), and EI were compared to healthy controls (HC). BB and FPL concentric needle electromyography (EMG) data were also obtained. Abnormal LMN health was defined by the presence of pathological spontaneous activity.

Results

Relative to HC, forearm and hand muscle size were 15%–41% lower (p < 0.05), while EI was 21%–40% higher (p < 0.05); no significant differences were observed for sublesional BB muscles (n = 16) (p > 0.05). Muscles demonstrating abnormal LMN health displayed reduced BB MT and elevated FPL EI (p < 0.05).

Discussion

These results underscore the substantial changes in forearm and hand muscle morphology within the subacute period after cSCI, with preliminary evidence suggesting that these changes are influenced by LMN damage.