bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of intracerebroventricular epinephrine microinjection on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in gestational protein-restricted male adult rat offspring
Authors: Cardoso Bárbara Vaccari , Custódio Augusto Henrique , Boer Patrícia Aline , Gontijo José Antonio Rocha
Published: April 2019

In this study, we hypothesized that blunting of the natriuresis response to intracerebroventricularly (ICV) microinjected adrenergic agonists is involved in the development of hypertension in maternal low-protein intake (LP) offspring. A stainless steel cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the right lateral ventricle (LV), then we evaluated the ICV administration of adrenergic agonists at increasing concentrations, and of α1 and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in LP offspring relative to an age-matched normal-protein intake (NP) group. We confirmed that epinephrine (Epi) microinjected into the LV of conscious NP rats leads to enhanced natriuresis followed by a reduction in arterial pressure. This response is associated with increased proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion accompanied by an unchanged glomerular filtration rate. The current study showed, in both NP and LP offspring, that the natriuretic effect of Epi injection into the LV was abolished by prior local microinjection of an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin). Conversely, LV α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine) administration potentiated the action of Epi. The LV yohimbine pretreatment normalized urinary sodium excretion and reduced the blood pressure in LP compared with age-matched NP offspring. These are, as far as we are aware, the first results showing the role of central adrenergic receptors’ interaction on hypertension pathogenesis in maternal LP fetal-programming offspring. This study also provides good evidence for the existence of central nervous system adrenergic mechanisms consisting of α1 and α2-adrenoceptors, which work reciprocally on the control of renal sodium excretion and blood pressure. Although the precise mechanism of the different natriuretic response of NP and LP rats is still uncertain, these results lead us to speculate that inappropriate neural adrenergic pathways might have significant effects on tubule sodium transport, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to control hydrosaline balance and, consequently, an increase in blood pressure.
JNK signaling coordinates with ecdysone signaling to promote dendrite pruning ofDrosophilasensory neurons
Authors: Zhu Sijun , Chen Rui , Soba Peter , Jan Yuh-Nung
Published: April 2019

Developmental pruning of axons and dendrites is critical for the formation of precise neuronal connections, but the mechanisms underlying developmental pruning are not fully understood. Here we investigated the function of JNK signaling in dendrite pruning using Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (c4da) neurons as a model. We found that loss of JNK or its canonical downstream effectors d-Jun or d-Fos led to dendrite pruning defects in c4da neurons. Interestingly, our data showed that JNK activity in c4da neurons remained constant from larval to pupal stages but the expression of d-Fos was specifically activated by ecdysone receptor B1 (EcRB1) at early pupal stages, suggesting that ecdysone signaling provides a temporal control for the regulation of dendrite pruning by JNK signaling. Thus, our work not only identified a novel pathway involved in dendrite pruning and a new downstream target of EcRB1 in c4da neurons, but also revealed that JNK and Ecdysone signaling coordinate to promote dendrite pruning.
Rapid, population-wide declines in stem cell number and activity during reproductive aging inC. elegans
Authors: Kocsisova Zuzana , Kornfeld Kerry , Schedl Tim
Published: April 2019

C. elegans hermaphrodites display dramatic age-related decline of reproduction early in life while somatic functions are still robust. To understand reproductive aging, we analyzed the assembly line of oocyte production that generates fertilized eggs. Aging germlines displayed both sporadic and population-wide changes. A small fraction of aging animals displayed endomitotic oocytes in the germline and other defects. By contrast, all animals displayed age-related decreases in germline size and function. As early as day 3 of adulthood, animals displayed fewer stem cells and a slower cell cycle, which combine to substantially decrease progenitor zone output. The C. elegans germline is the only adult tissue that contains stem cells, allowing the analysis of stem cells in aging. To investigate the mechanism of the decrease in stem cell number, we analyzed the Notch signaling pathway. The Notch effectors LST-1 and SYGL-1 displayed age-related decreases in expression domains, suggesting a role for Notch signaling in germline aging. The results indicate that while sporadic defects account for the sterility of some animals, population-wide changes account for the overall pattern of reproductive aging.
One hundred years of Drosophila cancer research: no longer in solitude
Authors: Villegas Santiago Nahuel
Published: April 2019

When Mary Stark first described the presence of tumours in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in 1918, would she ever have imagined that flies would become an invaluable organism for modelling and understanding oncogenesis? And if so, would she have expected it to take 100 years for this model to be fully accredited? This Special Article summarises the efforts and achievements of Drosophilists to establish the fly as a valid model in cancer research through different scientific periods.
Snakes partition their body to traverse large steps stably
Authors: Gart Sean W. , Mitchel Thomas W. , Li Chen
Published: April 2019

Many snakes live in deserts, forests, and river valleys and traverse challenging 3-D terrain like rocks, felled trees, and rubble, with obstacles as large as themselves and variable surface properties. By contrast, apart from branch cantilevering, burrowing, swimming, and gliding, laboratory studies of snake locomotion focused on that on simple flat surfaces. Here, to begin to understand snake locomotion in complex 3-D terrain, we study how the variable kingsnake, a terrestrial generalist, traversed a large step of variable surface friction and step height (up to 30% snout-vent length). The snake traversed by partitioning its body into three sections with distinct functions. Body sections below and above the step oscillated laterally on horizontal surfaces for propulsion, while the body section in between cantilevered in a vertical plane to bridge the large height increase. As the animal progressed, these three sections traveled down its body, conforming overall body shape to the step. In addition, the snake adjusted the partitioned gait in response to increase in step height and decrease in surface friction, at the cost of reduced speed. As surface friction decreased, body movement below and above the step changed from a continuous lateral undulation with little slip to an intermittent oscillatory movement with much slip, and initial head lift-off became closer to the step. Given these adjustments, body partitioning allowed the snake to be always stable, even when initially cantilevering but before reaching the surface above. Such a partitioned gait may be generally useful for diverse, complex 3-D terrain.
Echolocating bats inspect and discriminate landmark features to guide navigation
Authors: Yu Chao , Luo Jinhong , Wohlgemuth Melville , Moss Cynthia F.
Published: April 2019

Landmark-guided navigation is a common behavioral strategy for way-finding, yet prior studies have not examined how animals collect sensory information to discriminate landmark features. We investigated this question in animals that rely on active sensing to guide navigation. Four echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were trained to use an acoustic landmark to find and navigate through a net opening for a food reward. In experimental trials, an object serving as a landmark was placed adjacent to a net opening and a distractor object next to a barrier (covered opening). The location of the opening, barrier, and objects were moved between trials, but the spatial relationships between the landmark and opening, and between the distractor and barrier were maintained. In probe trials, the landmark was placed next to a barrier, while the distractor was placed next to the opening, to test whether the bats relied on the landmark to guide navigation. Vocal and flight behaviors were recorded with an array of ultrasound microphones and high-speed infrared motion-capture cameras. All bats successfully learned to use the landmark to guide navigation through the net opening. Probe trials yielded an increase in both the time to complete the task and number of net crashes, confirming that the bats relied largely on the landmark to find the net opening. Further, landmark acoustic distinctiveness influenced performance in probe trials and sonar inspection behaviors. Analyses of the animals’ vocal behaviors also revealed differences between call features of bats inspecting landmarks compared with distractors, suggesting increased sonar attention to objects used to guide navigation.
Variation in sexual brain size dimorphism over the breeding cycle in the three-spined stickleback
Authors: Buechel Séverine D. , Noreikiene Kristina , DeFaveri Jacquelin , Toli Elisavet , Kolm Niclas , Merilä Juha
Published: April 2019

Snapshot analyses have demonstrated dramatic intraspecific variation in the degree of brain sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Although brain SSD is believed to be generated by the sex-specific cognitive demands of reproduction, the relative roles of developmental and population specific contributions to variation in brain SSD remain little studied. Using a common garden experiment, we tested for sex-specific changes in brain anatomy over the breeding cycle in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) sampled from four locations in Northern Europe. We found that the male brain increased in size (ca. 24%) significantly more than the female brain towards breeding, and that the resulting brain SSD was similar (ca. 20%) for all populations over the breeding cycle. Our findings support the notion that the stickleback brain is highly plastic and changes over the breeding cycle, especially in males, likely as an adaptive response to the cognitive demands of reproduction (e.g. nest construction and parental care). The results also provide evidence to suggest that breeding-related changes in brain size may be the reason for the widely varying estimates of brain SSD across studies of this species, cautioning against interpreting brain size measurements from a single time-point as fixed/static.
Evidence for absence of bilateral transfer of olfactory learned information in Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera
Authors: Vijaykumar Meenakshi , Mogily Sandhya , Dutta-Gupta Aparna , Joseph Joby
Published: April 2019

Capacity and condition under which the lateral transfer of olfactory memory is possible in insects is still debated. Here, we present evidence in two species of honeybees Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata, consistent with lack of ability to transfer olfactory associative memory, in a PER associative conditioning paradigm, where the untrained antenna is blocked by an insulating coat. We show that the olfactory system on each side of the bee can learn and retrieve information independently and the retrieval using the antenna on the side contralateral to the trained one is not affected by the training. Upon recreating the setup using which the memory on the contralateral side has been reported at three hours after training, we see that, the memory is available on the contralateral side immediately after training. In the same setup coating the antenna with an insulator on the training side does not prevent learning, pointing to a possible insufficiency of block of odor stimuli in this setup. Moreover the behaviour of the bee as a whole can be predicted if the sides are assumed to learn and store independently and the organism as a whole is able to retrieve the memory if either of the sides have the memory.
Added value of contrast-enhanced mammography in assessment of breast asymmetries
Authors: Wessam Rasha , Gomaa Mohammed Mohammed Mohammed , Fouad Mona Ahmed , Mokhtar Sherif Mohamed , Tohamey Yasmin Mounir
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) on asymmetries detected on a mammogram (MG).

Methods:

This study was approved by the Scientific Research Review Board of the Radiology Department, and waiver of informed consent was applied for the uses of data of the included cases. The study included 125 female patients,33 (26.4%) who presented for screening and 92 (73.6%) who presented for a diagnostic MG. All had breast asymmetries on MG. Ultrasound examination and CESM using dual-energy acquisitions were performed for all patients.

Results:

In all, 88/125 (70.4%) females had focal asymmetry (seen in two views and occupying less than a quadrant), 26/125 (20.8%) had global asymmetry (occupying more than one quadrant), 10/125 (8%) had asymmetry (seen in a single view and occupying less than a quadrant), and 1/125 had developing asymmetry (0.8%) (not present in the previous MG). Malignant lesions represented 91 cases, benign lesions represented 30 cases, and 4 cases were high-risk lesions. CESM sensitivity was 100% (v s 97.8 % for sono-mammography), specificity was 55.88% (v s 81.8% for sono-mammography), and the positive- and negative-predictive values were 85.85 and 100% (v s 93.7 and 93% for sono-mammography respectively) .

Conclusion:

In our study, we conclude that focal and global asymmetries with other suspicious mammographic findings were statistically significant for malignancy and CESM played an important role in delineating tumor size and extension. Any non-enhancing asymmetrical density correlated with a benign pathology, if not associated with other suspicious imaging findings.

Advances in knowledge: 

Our study is the first to explore the added value of CESM to asymmetries detected in screening and diagnostic mammography.
Realizing the potential of magnetic resonance image guided radiotherapy in gynaecological and rectal cancer
Authors: White Ingrid M , Scurr Erica , Wetscherek Andreas , Brown Gina , Sohaib Aslam , Nill Simeon , Oelfke Uwe , Dearnaley David , Lalondrelle Susan , Bhide Shreerang
Published: April 2019

CT-based radiotherapy workflow is limited by poor soft tissue definition in the pelvis and reliance on rigid registration methods. Current image-guided radiotherapy and adaptive radiotherapy models therefore have limited ability to improve clinical outcomes. The advent of MRI-guided radiotherapy solutions provides the opportunity to overcome these limitations with the potential to deliver online real-time MRI-based plan adaptation on a daily basis, a true “plan of the day.” This review describes the application of MRI guided radiotherapy in two pelvic tumour sites likely to benefit from this approach.
Introduction to Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging
Authors: Ruetten Pascal P. R. , Gillard Jonathan H. , Graves Martin J.
Published: April 2019

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) are MRI techniques that measure and display differences in the magnetization that is induced in tissues, i.e. their magnetic susceptibility, when placed in the strong external magnetic field of an MRI system. SWI produces images in which the contrast is heavily weighted by the intrinsic tissue magnetic susceptibility. It has been applied in a wide range of clinical applications. QSM is a further advancement of this technique that requires sophisticated post-processing in order to provide quantitative maps of tissue susceptibility. This review explains the steps involved in both SWI and QSM as well as describing some of their uses in both clinical and research applications.
An interactive application for malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Celhay Olivier J. , Silal Sheetal Prakash , Maude Richard James , Gran Mercado Chris Erwin , Shretta Rima , White Lisa Jane
Published: April 2019

Leaders in the Asia-Pacific have endorsed an ambitious target to eliminate malaria in the region by 2030. The emergence and spread of artemisinin drug resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion makes elimination urgent and strategic for the global goal of malaria eradication. Mathematical modelling is a useful tool for assessing and comparing different elimination strategies and scenarios to inform policymakers. Mathematical models are especially relevant in this context because of the wide heterogeneity of regional, country and local settings, which means that different strategies are needed to eliminate malaria. However, models and their predictions can be seen as highly technical, limiting their use for decision making. Simplified applications of models are needed to allow policy makers to benefit from these valuable tools. This paper describes a method for communicating complex model results with a user-friendly and intuitive framework. Using open-source technologies, we designed and developed an interactive application to disseminate the modelling results for malaria elimination. The design was iteratively improved while the application was being piloted and extensively tested by a diverse range of researchers and decision makers. This application allows several target audiences to explore, navigate and visualise complex datasets and models generated in the context of malaria elimination. It allows widespread access, use of and interpretation of models, generated at great effort and expense as well as enabling them to remain relevant for a longer period of time. It has long been acknowledged that scientific results need to be repackaged for larger audiences. We demonstrate that modellers can include applications as part of the dissemination strategy of their findings. We highlight that there is a need for additional research in order to provide guidelines and direction for designing and developing effective applications for disseminating models.
Raincloud plots: a multi-platform tool for robust data visualization
Authors: Allen Micah , Poggiali Davide , Whitaker Kirstie , Marshall Tom Rhys , Kievit Rogier A.
Published: April 2019

Across scientific disciplines, there is a rapidly growing recognition of the need for more statistically robust, transparent approaches to data visualization. Complementary to this, many scientists have called for plotting tools that accurately and transparently convey key aspects of statistical effects and raw data with minimal distortion. Previously common approaches, such as plotting conditional mean or median barplots together with error-bars have been criticized for distorting effect size, hiding underlying patterns in the raw data, and obscuring the assumptions upon which the most commonly used statistical tests are based. Here we describe a data visualization approach which overcomes these issues, providing maximal statistical information while preserving the desired ‘inference at a glance’ nature of barplots and other similar visualization devices. These “raincloud plots” can visualize raw data, probability density, and key summary statistics such as median, mean, and relevant confidence intervals in an appealing and flexible format with minimal redundancy. In this tutorial paper, we provide basic demonstrations of the strength of raincloud plots and similar approaches, outline potential modifications for their optimal use, and provide open-source code for their streamlined implementation in R, Python and Matlab (https://github.com/RainCloudPlots/RainCloudPlots). Readers can investigate the R and Python tutorials interactively in the browser using Binder by Project Jupyter.
Things We Do for No Reason: Routine Echocardiography in Hemodynamically Stable Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Bergl Paul A , de Reguero Adrian Umpierrez , Patel Jayshil J
Published: April 2019

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Home Smoke Exposure and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Johnson Jakobi , Wilson Karen M , Zhou Chuan , Johnson David P , Kenyon Chén C , Tieder Joel S , Dean Andrea , Mangione‐Smith Rita , Williams Derek J
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess whether secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has an impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with acute respiratory illness (ARI).

METHODS

This study was nested within a multicenter, prospective cohort study of children (two weeks to 16 years) with ARI (emergency department visits for croup and hospitalizations for croup, asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia) between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2016. Subjects were surveyed upon enrollment for sociodemographics, healthcare utilization, home SHS exposure (0 or ≥1 smoker in the home), and child HRQOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Physical Functioning Scale) for both baseline health (preceding illness) and acute illness (on admission). Data on insurance status and medical complexity were collected from the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Multivariable linear mixed regression models examined associations between SHS exposure and HRQOL.

RESULTS

Home SHS exposure was reported in 728 (32%) of the 2,309 included children. Compared with nonexposed children, SHS‐exposed children had significantly lower HRQOL scores for baseline health (mean difference –3.04 [95% CI –4.34, –1.74]) and acute illness (–2.16 [–4.22, –0.10]). Associations were strongest among children living with two or more smokers. HRQOL scores were lower among SHS‐exposed children for all four conditions but only significant at baseline for bronchiolitis (–2.94 [–5.0, –0.89]) and pneumonia (–4.13 [–6.82, –1.44]) and on admission for croup (–5.71 [–10.67, –0.75]).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates an association between regular SHS exposure and decreased HRQOL with a dose‐dependent response for children with ARI, providing further evidence of the negative impact of SHS.
Corporate Provision of Public Goods
Authors: Morgan John , Tumlinson Justin
Published: April 2019

Milton Friedman famously suggested that firms ought not divert profits toward public goods because shareholders can better make these contributions themselves. Despite this, activist shareholders are increasingly successful in persuading firms to be “socially responsible.” We study firm behavior when shareholders care about public goods as well as profits and when managerial contracts reflect these concerns. Under these ideal conditions, managers redirect more profits toward public goods than shareholders would when acting separately—shareholders are poorer but happier. Further, so long as the public good is sufficiently desirable, the manager selects the socially optimal level of output, despite the mismatch between shareholder preferences and those of society at large.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Las actividades interdisciplinares de módulo a debate. La experiencia del Grado de Pedagogía de la UPV/EHU
Authors: Rekalde Itziar , Cruz Iglesias Esther , Perez-Sostoa Gaztelu-Urrutia Virginia
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de los cambios organizativos, curriculares y culturales, que ha supuesto la realización de un diseño modular de las titulaciones de grado en Educación de la UPV/EHU. En esta estructura curricular se impulsa una Actividad Interdisciplinar de Módulo (AIM), a modo de reto para el alumnado, alimentada por las materias que componen dicho módulo. Es concretamente la AIM del módulo V del Grado en Pedagogía (3º curso, 1º cuatrimestre) el objeto de estudio de esta indagación.En este trabajo se analiza la evaluación que el alumnado realiza sobre la AIM desde el inicio de su implantación hasta el curso académico 2017/18, al objeto de mejorar dicho módulo y, por ende, el grado en su totalidad. Se aborda desde una perspectiva interpretativa, y el instrumento de obtención de información ha sido un cuestionario de opinión que el alumnado rellena al finalizar el módulo.Después de la evaluación del módulo V durante seis cursos académicos, los resultados nos permiten concluir que la evolución de la AIM ha sido positiva en tanto que se ha mejorado en los cuatro aspectos en los que se centra la evaluación: enfoque, información, procedimiento de trabajo y, ayuda y guía.
El Aprendizaje y Servicio: método de enseñanza y forma de vincular la universidad y la sociedad
Authors: Soneira Calvo Carlos
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso de implementación, durante tres años académicos, de una propuesta de Aprendizaje y Servicio. La experiencia se corresponde con una materia obligatoria sobre didáctica de las matemáticas impartida en el 2º cuadrimestre del primer curso del grado en Educación Primaria. Los colectivos receptores del servicio son dos: menores en riesgo de exclusión social, y menores con diversidad funcional. Describimos el proceso completo, desde el esbozo inicial, la puesta en contacto con las distintas entidades, la intermediación de la universidad, hasta el diseño de las actividades a llevar a cabo coordinando a los estudiantes universitarios con las entidades sociales, y la evaluación de los resultados relativos al aprendizaje y al servicio. Prestamos especial atención a las reflexiones derivadas de la adaptación del procedimiento general de Aprendizaje y Servicio a las características específicas de la relación entre la universidad en la que se lleva a cabo y su contexto social. En este sentido se introducen innovaciones en el protocolo de implementación que pudieren ser aplicables en otras universidades con unas características contextuales similares, con independencia de la asignatura en la que se lleve a cabo el Aprendizaje y Servicio.
Bio-analytical Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Liquid Method for Quantification of Dapagliflozin Propanediol in Spiked Human Plasma
Authors: Subbareddy P. , Divakar T.E.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the present research was to develop a suitable simple and reproducible RP-HPLC method for a quantification of dapagliflozin propanediol in spiked human plasma samples. The liquidliquid extraction plasma spiked samples of dapagliflozin propanediol were analyzed by using a ODS C18 Prontosil column under isocratic conditions. The extracted plasma spiked samples were carried using methanol, acetonitrile and pH 5.6 acetate buffer in the ratio of 50:20:10 (v/v) with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The detector response was monitored at 228 nm using UV detector. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for bio analytical method validation and all the validation parameters
were found to be within the acceptance limit The plasma spiked samples shows stability at room temperature over a period of 48 h. Thus, this method would be employed for routine quantification of dapagliflozin in human plasma samples.
Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of a Large Sessile Colonic Polyp
Authors: Wehbeh Antonios , Gerson Myron C. , Rex Douglas K.
Published: April 2019

A 71-year-old man with mitral regurgitation and apical cardiomyopathy underwent endoscopic mucosal resection of a 22-mm transverse colon tubulovillous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. Six weeks later, he presented with fever, valvular vegetations, and positive blood cultures for Enterococcus faecalis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of endocarditis involving native heart valves after endoscopic mucosal resection.
Primary Yolk Sac Tumor of the Liver in an Adult Man
Authors: Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Sharma Vinod , Ramteke Prashant , Yadav Mukesh Kumar , Batra Atul
Published: April 2019

Primary yolk sac tumor of the liver is extremely rare in adults. We report a case of a young man with an unresectable primary yolk sac tumor of the liver, who had a platinum-refractory disease that progressed despite 2 lines of chemotherapy. We review the literature pertaining to primary yolk sac tumor of the liver and its management.
Knowledge Co-production in Contested Spaces: An Evaluation of the North Slope Borough – Shell Baseline Studies Program
Authors: Kettle Nathan P.
Published: April 2019

Supporting the development of trusted and usable science remains a key challenge in contested spaces. This paper evaluates a collaborative research agreement between the North Slope Borough of Alaska and Shell Exploration and Production Company—an agreement that was designed to improve collection of information and management of issues associated with the potential impacts of oil and gas development in the Arctic. The evaluation is based on six categories of knowledge co-production indicators: external factors, inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. Two sources of data were used to assess the indicators: interviews with steering committee members and external science managers (n = 16) and a review of steering committee minutes. Interpretation of the output and outcome indicators suggests that the Baseline Studies Program supported a broad range of research, though there were differences in how groups perceived the relevance and legitimacy of project outcomes. Several input, process, and external variables enabled the co-production of trusted science in an emergent boundary organization and contested space; these variables included governance arrangements, leveraged capacities, and the inclusion of traditional knowledge. Challenges to knowledge co-production on the North Slope include logistics, differences in cultures and decision contexts, and balancing trade-offs among perceived credibility, legitimacy, and relevance. Reinforced lessons learned included providing time to foster trust, developing adaptive governance approaches, and building capacity among scientists to translate community concerns into research questions.
Tratamento de fratura bilateral de mandíbula atrófica severamente deslocada
Authors: Cesconetto Lorenzzo de Angeli , Araújo André Vítor Alves , Albuquerque Neto Antonio Dionizio , Cerqueira Daniel Assunção , Campanha Antonio Augusto
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A atrofia da mandíbula leva a uma diminuição da massa óssea, o que torna o osso mais vulnerável à fratura. Inúmeros métodos são propostos para o tratamento dessa condição, sendo que as placas locking do sistema 2.4 são as mais utilizadas atualmente. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 79 anos de idade, apresentando fratura em região de corpo mandibular bilateral, foi submetida a cirurgia de redução e fixação interna rígida da fratura, por meio de um acesso extrabucal, com placa locking do sistema 2.4. Conclusão: o tratamento das fraturas de mandíbula atrófica ainda representa um desafio para o cirurgião bucomaxilofacial, devido às peculiaridades apresentadas pela intensa perda óssea.
Diseño e implementación de un sistema de control de vuelo para un vehículo aéreo no tripulado tipo cuadricóptero
Authors: Lara Sosa Brian Mauricio , Fagua Perez Elkin Yilmar , Salamanca Juan Mauricio , Higuera Martinez Oscar Ivan
Published: April 2019

Contexto: La industria aeroespacial ha tenido bastante auge y así mismo el desarrollo y aplicación a los sistemas autónomos, propiciando desarrollos importantes en su implementación, y sistemas de control.Método: En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo y la implementación de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado, tipo quadricóptero, se inicia con el análisis matemático de los sistemas de vehículos aéreos encontrando el modelo dinámico; el modelado del prototipo se basa en las ecuaciones Euler LaGrange. Posteriormente, se realiza el diseño de la estructura y el desarrollo de los sistemas de control basado en modos deslizantes; se aplica la ley de control basada en modos deslizantes en el sistema implementado que utiliza solamente información de pitch, roll y elevación.Resultados: Se implementó un prototipo de vehículo aéreo no tripulado tipo quadricóptero, y se implementó el sistema de control, donde se obtuvo un adecuado seguimiento de la referencia.Conclusiones: La adecuada selección de los elementos para la implementación del prototipo permite poder implementar diferentes estrategias de control, para este caso demostrando el adecuado trabajo de los modos deslizantes para la estabilización en dos ejes del quadricóptero.
TATuP-Thema 1/2019: Normativität in der Technikfolgenabschätzung
Authors: Nierling Linda , Torgersen Helge
Published: April 2019

Neutralität galt lange als unhinterfragte Grundlage im Selbstverständnis von Technikfolgenabschätzung. Dieser Mythos schränkte eine Debatte über normative Aspekte ein, die angesichts manch autoritärer Tendenzen auch in westlichen Demokratien heute umso dringender geführt werden sollte. Ein TATuP-Thema herausgegeben von Linda Nierling (ITAS, KIT) und Helge Torgersen (ITA, Wien).
Normativität in der Technikfolgenabschätzung
Authors: Nierling Linda , Torgersen Helge
Published: April 2019

Neutralität galt lange als unhinterfragte Grundlage im Selbstverständnis von Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA). Dieser Fokus verstellte allerdings den Blick darauf, dass normative Aspekte nicht außer Acht gelassen werden dürfen – sei es in den Ergebnissen von TA-Analysen oder in normativen Setzungen, die im TA-Prozess auftreten. Im TATuP-Thema dieses Heftes wird „Normativität in der TA“ auf drei Ebenen adressiert: in der Funktion von TA als Politikberatung, im Kontext des TA-Forschungsprozesses und in der Auseinandersetzung um ihren „normativen Kern“. Angesichts manch autoritärer Tendenzen auch in westlichen Demokratien ist die Debatte um die Rolle von Normativität in der TA heute besonders aktuell.
Implizite Wertbezüge in der Technikfolgenabschätzung
Authors: Kollek Regine
Published: April 2019

Im Hinblick auf ihre Ziele, ihre philosophischen Vorannahmen und methodischen Vorgehensweisen ist die Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) – wie andere Verfahren der systematischen Wissensproduktion auch – durch normative Vorentscheidungen geprägt. Anders als die auf ihren Untersuchungsgegenstand bezogenen ethischen und gesellschaftlichen Aspekte werden diese nicht immer explizit thematisiert, was ein Problem hinsichtlich der Transparenz und Neutralität der TA aufwirft. Das hier vorgeschlagene Konzept der „reflexiven Normativität“ zielt darauf ab, die Wertbezüge der TA transparent zu machen und einseitige epistemisch-normative Selektivitäten zu vermeiden. Die dadurch ermöglichte Pluralität kann produktiv für die Weiterentwicklung der TA genutzt werden. Damit versteht sich das Konzept sowohl als Beitrag zur Theoriediskussion als auch zur Qualitätssicherung der TA.
„Wes Brot ich ess, des Lied ich sing“?
Authors: Kastenhofer Karen , Capari Leo , Fuchs Daniela , Peissl Walter
Published: April 2019

Weimer und Vining (1999) unterscheiden drei Rollen, die WissenschafterInnen in Politikberatung einnehmen können: den objective technician, den issue advocate und den client's advocate. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich jener Rolle, die in der gegenwärtigen Diskussion kaum reflektiert wird, aber dennoch für die Normativität von Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) relevant ist: dem client’s advocate. Basierend auf Daten aus einer empirischen internen Erhebung von Praxen, Konstellationen und Paradigmen der Politikberatung am österreichischen Institut für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung (ITA), stellen wir (1) das in den Projekten des Instituts realisierte Portfolio an Geldgebern bzw. Auftraggebern dar, setzen es (2) in Bezug zu den in den Projekten des ITA angesprochenen Issues und zu Ergebnissen aus vier projektspezifischen Fallstudien und formulieren (3) offene Fragen an die TA-Praxis und TA-Community.
Ethische Technikfolgenabschätzung als Kartografie situativer Wertungskonflikte
Authors: Weydner-Volkmann Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Der Artikel beschreibt, welches Angebot über einen moralpragmatischen Ansatz in der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) konkret gemacht werden kann. Ethisch argumentierende TA, so die These, lässt sich mit John Dewey als eine Kartografie situativer Wertungskonflikte begreifen. Die entstehenden „moralischen Landkarten“ zu konkreten technischen Entscheidungssituationen zielen darauf ab, den Bedarf an wissenschaftsgestützter, möglichst neutraler Beratung für den öffentlich-politischen Prozess zu ermitteln. Pragmatisch kann „Neutralität“ allerdings nicht als normative Abstinenz verstanden werden. Vielmehr soll der Ausgang von einer Rekonstruktion der normativen Konflikte genommen werden, wobei die Wertvorstellungen, die in den Entscheidungssituationen technischen Handelns jeweils relevant sind, bewusst aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven erschlossen werden.
Indikatorenarbeit
Authors: Böschen Stefan , Sotoudeh Mahshid , Stelzer Volker
Published: April 2019

Die Analyse komplexer Probleme, unter anderem mittels Indikatoren, gehört zum Alltag der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA). Indikatorenarbeit verdeutlicht, dass die Auswahl von Indikatoren, trotz genereller Regeln, auf akteursabhängigen Entscheidungen beruht. Die These des Artikels lautet, dass TA kontextneutralisierende wie kontextoffene Analysestrategien nutzt. Die Analyse von Indikatorenarbeit an einem Beispiel im Feld der Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse zeigt, wie die Spannung zwischen diesen beiden Analysestrategien in der Indikatorenarbeit durch Verfahrensregeln transparent zu machen ist. Normative Transparenz kann durch reflektierte Indikatorenarbeit in der TA sichergestellt werden.
Modifikasi Zeolit Alam Menggunakan Besi (Fe) dan Kobalt (Co) untuk Katalis Degradasi Fenol
Authors: Adriati Marina , Suseno Ahmad , Taslimah Taslimah
Published: April 2019

Kelimpahan zeolit alam di Indonesia cukup besar sehingga memberikan peluang pemanfaatan di berbagai bidang, salah satunya sebagai bahan katalis. Kemampuan katalis zeolit dapat ditimgkatkan melalui modifikasi zeolit dengan pengembanan logam. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan modifikasi zeolit alam melalui pengembanan besi (Fe) dan kobalt (Co) untuk katalis oksidasi fenol. Modifikasi zeolit alam dilakukan melalui tahap pencucian asam menggunakan HF, HCl, dan NH4Cl dilanjutkan pengembanan logam. Karakterisasi produk dilakukan menggunakan x-ray diffraktometer, surface area analyzer, dan uji katalitik dilakukan terhadap sampel fenol. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan komposisi mineral komponen utama penyusun zeolit adalah mordenit, keasaman total katalis Fe2O3-zeolit yang diperoleh sebesar 2,7 mmol/g dan katalis CoO-zeolit sebesar 2,5 mmol/g, katalis Fe2O3-zeolit dan katalis CoO-zeolit memiliki luas permukaan spesifik dan volume pori total secara berurutan, yaitu 38,3918 m2/g, 16,6569 cm3/g dan 28,6209 m2/g, 12,5072 cm3/g serta katalis mampu meningkatkan kemampuan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) dalam mendegradasi fenol sebesar 16,93% pada dosis katalis 5 mg, konsentrasi awal fenol 100 mg/L, volume fenol 20 mL, dan waktu kontak 24 jam.
Analisis Kimiawi Fraksi n-Heksana dari Tanaman Purwoceng (Pimpinella Alpina Molk)
Authors: Qodri Zahroul Umami , Cahyono Bambang , Suzery Meiny
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan kuantifikasi kandungan fenolat total, flavonoid total, uji aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH), serta identifikasi secara kromatografi senyawa fenolat dari golongan kumarin dalam fraksi n-heksana Pimpinella alpina Molk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa fenolat total fraksi n-heksana , yaitu 45,04 mg ekuivalen asam galat/gram fraksi kering. Sedangkan kandungan flavonoid total fraksi n-heksana yaitu 5,58 mg ekuivalen kuersetin/gram fraksi kering. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH diperoleh IC50 yaitu 13485 ppm. Identifikasi dari golongan kumarin dari kromatografi kolom dihasilkan 11 fraksi, berdasarkan hasil profil KLT setelah disemprot dengan pereaksi warna NH3 dan dilihat di bawah lampu UV 365 nm, ditunjukkan bahwa fraksi F1 positif mengandung golongan senyawa kumarin yang ditunjukkan oleh noda berwarna hijau kuning. Bagaimanapun struktur kimia dari senyawa tersebut hingga saat ini belum dapat diusulkan.
Pengaruh Diameter Kanal Pelet Katalis Zeolit Aktif dan Ni-Zeolit terhadap Pirolisis Limbah Batang Pohon Sagu (Metroxylonsp.)
Authors: Rahayu Fitri Lutfiana , Nuryanto Rahmad , Suyati Linda
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan pirolisis limbah batang sagu dengan katalis zeolit aktif dan Ni-zeolit dengan variasi diameter kanal pelet katalis. Pengaktifan zeolit alam dilakukan dengan perendaman HF 1%, HCl 1N (masing-masing selama 4 jam), pencucian dengan akuabides, dan dikalsinasi. Zeolit aktif diimpregnasi dengan larutan garam NiCl2.6H2O, dikalsinasi, dioksidasi, dan direduksi. Hasil pengaktifan zeolit dan impregnasi dibentuk pelet dengan diberi lubang/kanal dengan variasi 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9; dan 1mm dan digunakan sebagai katalis dalam proses pirolisis. Pirolisis katalitik dilakukan pada temperatur 4000C. Keasaman Ni-zeolit meningkat sebesar 12 kali tetapi adanya penurunan luas permukaan sebesar 4,72%, Persentasi kristalinitas naik sebesar 7,40%. Penggunaan katalis Ni-Zeolit meningkatkan biooil sebesar 40,388% dibanding zeolit aktif, biooil dengan katalis zeolit aktif didapatkan hasil optimum pada diameter kanal pelet 1mm yaitu 30,468%, sedangkan dengan katalis Ni-zeolit hasil optimum pada diameter kanal 0,7 yaitu 43,52%. Produk utama hasil cair antara penggunaan katalis zeolit aktif maupun Ni-zeolit memiliki 5 senyawa hidrokarbon dengan kelimpahan paling besar yaitu asam asetat, fenol, metanol, 1-hidroksi 2-propanon, dan metil asetat.
Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Konduktivitas dan Kristalinitas Elektrolit Padat NaMn2-xMgxO4
Authors: Indriati Medina , Nuryanto Rahmad , Suyati Linda
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan pembuatan elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4 melalui metode sol-gel dengan variasi suhu kalsinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu kalsinasi optimum dalam pembuatan elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4 dan karakterisasi elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4 menggunakan FTIR dan XRD. Elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4 dibuat dengan mencampurkan larutan natrium asetat, mangan asetat, magnesium asetat, dan asam sitrat, kemudian dilakukan pengadukan, penguapan pada suhu 80°C, pengeringan gel pada suhu 180°C, dan kalsinasi pada berbagai variasi suhu, yaitu 700, 750, 800, 850, dan 900°C. Uji konduktivitas elektrolit padat dilakukan melalui pengukuran tahanan menggunakan multimeter, kemudian elektrolit padat dengan nilai konduktivitas tertinggi dan terendah dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR untuk menentukan interaksi antar atom-atom dalam elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4 dan XRD untuk menentukan kristalinitas elektrolit padat NaMn2-xMgxO4. Data konduktivitas menunjukkan bahwa suhu 800°C merupakan suhu kalsinasi yang optimum, sedangkan data FTIR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa elektrolit padat yang terbentuk adalah padatan kristal NaMn2-xMgxO4 dan kristalinitas sampel 900°C lebih tinggi dari sampel 800°C.
Pemurnian Garam NaCl melalui Metode Rekristalisasi Garam Krosok dengan Penambahan Na2CO3, NaOH dan Polialuminium Klorida untuk Penghilangan Pengotor Ca2+ dan Mg2+
Authors: Gemati Akustika , Gunawan Gunawan , Khabibi Khabibi
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemurnian garam NaCl melalui metode rekristalisasi garam krosok dengan penambahan Na2CO3, NaOH dan polialuminium klorida untuk penghilangan pengotor Ca2+ dan Mg2+. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan Na2CO3 dan NaOH terhadap konsentrasi kadar Mg2+ dan Ca2+ pada garam krosok serta untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan flokulan polialuminium khlorida (PAC) dalam reaksi pengendapan CaCO3 dan Mg(OH)2 dengan metode rekristalisasi modifikasi spray. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan cara menambahkan bahan pengikat pengotor yang harganya lebih murah seperti Na2CO3 dan NaOH serta flokulan PAC yang dapat mengendapkan ion pengotor pada garam yaitu ion Ca2+ dan Mg2+ kemudian dilakukan rekristalisasi dengan modifikasi model spray untuk mendapatkan kristal NaCl yang lebih murni dengan lahan yang tidak begitu luas dan rekristalisasi meja kristalisasi penguapan. Hasil pemurnian garam krosok diperoleh kadar NaCl 98,53%, Ca2+ 0,0600%, dan Mg2+ 0,0288% dengan penambahan Na2CO3 20% w, NaOH0,1 N dan PAC 10 ppm sebanyak 3 mL, yang telah sesuai standar industri Indonesia (SII).
Validasi Metode Penentuan Tablet Allopurinol Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet dalam Larutan Asam
Authors: Suprianto Suprianto , Hafiz Ihsanul , Faisal Hendri , Harefa Hasrat Masa
Published: April 2019

Allopurinol sebagai obat tablet banyak beredar di pasaran, sehingga kadar allopurinol haruslah memenuhi persyaratan agar kualitas obat dijamin. Pada penelitian ini, validasi metode penentuan obat tablet allopurinol dalam tiga konsentrasi HCl, yaitu 0,05 N; 0,10 N; dan 0,15 N menggunakan spektrofotometri ultraviolet telah dilakukan. Parameter validasi meliputi uji linieritas, akurasi, presisi berulang, dan presisi menengah dan spesifik. Penentuan konten yang dilakukan dalam larutan HCl 0,10 N menghasilkan akurasi terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang maksimum adalah pada 251 nm di mana linearitas, akurasi, presisi ulang, presisi pada pelarut HCl 0,10 N masing-masing adalah 0,9995; 100.1% - 100.6%; 0,076%; 0,057% - 0,127%. Tes spesifisitas menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Kandungan rata-rata allopurinol dalam tablet adalah 100,7% -102,3%. Sehingga kandungan rata-rata allopurinol dalam tablet memenuhi standart yang mengacu Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V Edition.
Pengaruh NaOH, Lignin dan Furfural terhadap Kesetimbangan Uap-Cair Etanol-Air Hidrolisat Ethanosolv-pulping Tandan Kosong Sawit pada Kondisi Isobarik
Authors: Aliwarga Lienda , Susanto Herri , Reynard Reynard , Iryani Dewi Agustina
Published: April 2019

Tandan kosong sawit mengandung lignoselulosa yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku pulp. Salah satu metode pulping adalah dengan menggunakan etanol, yang disebut sebagai proses ALCELL (Alcohol Cellulose). Proses ini menghasilkan lindi hitam, dan untuk meningkatkan keramahlingkungan dan efisiensinya, etanol perlu diregenerasi. Adanya lignin, furfural, dan NaOH dalam lindi hitam menurunkan volatilitas relatif etanol sehingga menyulitkan tahapan regenerasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum regenerasi etanol melalui analisis kelarutan lignin dan kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair. Pengujian kelarutan lignin dilakukan dengan menjumputkan sejumlah lignin ke dalam 180 mL etanol-air. Percobaan kesetimbangan fasa menggunakan ebuliometer Fowler-Norris termodifikasi, dan simulasi selanjutnya memanfaatkan model UNIFAC (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients). Terdapat lima larutan model sebagai variasi, yaitu larutan A (etanol-air-0,315% NaOH), B (etanol-air-1,26% lignin), C (etanol-air-0,26% furfural), D (etanol-air-0,5% furfural), dan E (etanol-air-1% furfural). Operasi bersifat isobarik pada tekanan 690 mmHg dan temperatur ruang (±25°C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan kelarutan lignin hanya sedikit dipengaruhi oleh penambahan konsentrasi etanol jika konsentrasinya kurang dari 40%, namun meningkat secara signifikan dan mencapai maksimumnya pada konsentrasi etanol sekitar 70%. Menariknya, konsentrasi ini merupakan kondisi nyata proses ALCELL. Di lain pihak, pada konsentrasi etanol 60-70%, hampir terbentuk azeotrop baru karena faktor kelarutan lignin mencapai maksimumnya (65,7%). Oleh karena itu, lignin perlu diendapkan sebelum regenerasi etanol dengan mengurangi rasio penambahan air. Kehadiran furfural menggeser titik azeotrop yang semula 89%-mol menjadi 72%-mol untuk penambahan 0,26%-massa furfural dan dari 70%-mol untuk penambahan 0,5%-massa furfural. Sebagai tambahan, pemodelan UNIFAC dapat direkomendasikan untuk memprediksi data kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair etanol-air-furfural dengan komposisi etanol di bawah 80%-massa.