bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical Connections Position Primate Area 25 as a Keystone for Interoception, Emotion, and Memory
Authors: Joyce Mary Kate P. , Barbas Helen
Published: January 2018

The structural and functional integrity of subgenual cingulate area 25 (A25) is crucial for emotional expression and equilibrium. A25 has a key role in affective networks, and its disruption has been linked to mood disorders, but its cortical connections have yet to be systematically or fully studied. Using neural tracers in rhesus monkeys, we found that A25 was densely connected with other ventromedial and posterior orbitofrontal areas associated with emotions and homeostasis. A moderate pathway linked A25 with frontopolar area 10, an area associated with complex cognition, which may regulate emotions and dampen negative affect. Beyond the frontal lobe, A25 was connected with auditory association areas and memory-related medial temporal cortices, and with the interoceptive-related anterior insula. A25 mostly targeted the superficial cortical layers of other areas, where broadly dispersed terminations comingled with modulatory inhibitory or disinhibitory microsystems, suggesting a dominant excitatory effect. The architecture and connections suggest that A25 is the consummate feedback system in the PFC. Conversely, in the entorhinal cortex, A25 pathways terminated in the middle-deep layers amid a strong local inhibitory microenvironment, suggesting gating of hippocampal output to other cortices and memory storage. The graded cortical architecture and associated laminar patterns of connections suggest how areas, layers, and functionally distinct classes of inhibitory neurons can be recruited dynamically to meet task demands. The complement of cortical connections of A25 with areas associated with memory, emotion, and somatic homeostasis provide the circuit basis to understand its vulnerability in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIntegrity of the prefrontal subgenual cingulate cortex is crucial for healthy emotional function. Subgenual area 25 (A25) is mostly linked with other prefrontal areas associated with emotion in a dense network positioned to recruit large fields of cortex. In healthy states, A25 is associated with internal states, autonomic function, and transient negative affect. Constant hyperactivity in A25 is a biomarker for depression in humans and may trigger extensive activation in its dominant connections with areas associated with emotions and internal balance. A pathway between A25 and frontopolar area 10 may provide a critical link to regulate emotions and dampen persistent negative affect, which may be explored for therapeutic intervention in depression.
Bobov
Authors: Heilman Samuel C.
Published: January 2018

A clash of families of a dynasty that only partially survived the Holocaust, this chapter describes how succession was affected by a rebbe’s remarriage, by competing claims from two families, and how an effort to poll the Hasidim was needed to distinguish between two competing rivals for the crown.
From Ancestors to Affection
Authors: Leite Naomi
Published: January 2018

This chapter explains that the urban Marranos were effectively consigned to waiting for the right visitors to appear, people who would see them simultaneously as B'nai Anusim—descendants of the forced converts—and as historically situated individuals living very much in the Portuguese present. It shows that the few visitors who were able to hold those two aspects of their condition in tension realized that their primary need, more than an appropriate ritual of reincorporation, was a concrete program of face-to-face instruction, guidance, and community building before they could live as fully fledged Jews. Ultimately, what proved most important was for them to forge lasting bonds with visitors who would incorporate them into the global “Jewish family” through personal relations of love and care.
Listening for the Secret
Authors: Olsson Ulf
Published: January 2018

During their thirty years of existence, the Grateful Dead produced a musical as well as a cultural heritage that invites and rewards exploration and evaluation. This book engages critical theory in order to understand the band’s status and achievement, and what the cultural and political significance of the music as well as the wider phenomenon was, and is. The band and its music are studied in the tension between culture industry and self-organization. The first chapter looks at the dialectic of avant-garde and tradition in the mass cultural phenomenon that the Grateful Dead became. The second chapter builds on that analysis by directly engaging the political importance and legacy of a self-declared ”apolitical” band, assessing what ”politics” could mean in both the practices of the band and its audience as well as in the way mainstream America and law enforcement saw the band. The third and final chapter listens to the Grateful Dead improvising, presenting improvisation as the key element for any understanding both of the band’s music as well as its socio-political profile. A short coda summarizes the argument in a discussion of the band as an example of ”charismatic authority.”
Popular Avant-Garde? Renegotiating Tradition
Authors: Olsson Ulf
Published: January 2018

Throughout the history of the Grateful Dead, their musical practice was marked by avant-garde impulses. But the band was also performing rock standards, electrified folk music, cowboy songs, blues, et cetera. The band’s basic aesthetics were formed in this tension between tradition and avant-garde. At the same time, the band was generating a form of counter-public, reminiscent of the communities formed around bluegrass and avant-garde jazz. Self-organization became fundamental both for the band (in the form of improvisation), and for the community-building the band engaged in. In this way, the band also became part of the cultural and political dislocations going on in the Western world of the 1960s.
Can Congress Do Policy Analysis?
Authors: Patashnik Eric M. , Peck Justin
Published: January 2018

This chapter addresses the issues of using nonpartisan policy analysis within the current US legislative setting. It criticizes some of the earlier studies that assess congressional use of policy analysis for applying too narrow a conception of how analysis can affect decision making. The chapter conducts an original survey of over 150 policy professionals working in the Washington, DC, area and uses it to assess how well Congress carries out the different tasks or steps of policy analysis. It asks how well a certain institution carries out the policy-analytic mission rather than viewing policy analysis as the task of an individual or a small team focused on one particular issue.
Institutional Burden to Care
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes the institutional and historical contours of the tension between the obligation to care and prisoners' deservingness of care. These contours determine the existence of the San Francisco jail clinic, people's desire to use its services, and the flourishing of its daily intimacies of care. The context this chapter provides involves four domains. The first is the twinned rise of mass incarceration and retreat of the public safety net. The second of these domains is judicial. The courts have played a major role in establishing prisoners' rights to health care and delineating what it should look like. The third domain is the emergence of “correctional health care” as a professional field and source of profit. Finally, organized social justice advocacy has shaped the terms of prisoners' rights to health care. Together, these institutional and historically located forces situate the unfolding of care inside the jail.
Reproduction and Carceral Desire
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the notion that incarceration can be a transformative experience. It discusses how, rather than equating jail with punishment, pregnant inmates see both their pregnancies and their incarceration as opportunities. Here, jail plays a unique role in constructing aspirations of transformation, as well as ideas of what motherhood could look like for these women. Understanding how jail framed women's own narrative commitments to pregnancy and motherhood builds on the notion, developed in the previous chapter, that incarcerated reproduction is a participatory practice; the institution itself, not only the people working and living within it, is a critical participant as well.
Paisanos Chinos
Authors: González Fredy
Published: January 2018

Threatened by the violence of the anti-Chinese campaigns, Chinese Mexicans strengthened their ties to China as a way to safeguard their presence in the country. Paisanos Chinos illustrates the ways in which these transpacific ties helped Chinese Mexicans make a claim to belonging in Mexico and challenged traditional notions of Mexican identity and nationhood. From celebrating the end of the Second World War alongside Mexican neighbors, to carrying out an annual community pilgrimage to the Basílica de Guadalupe, Chinese Mexicans came from out of the shadows and sought to refute longstanding caricatures about the Chinese presence in the country. Using English-, Spanish-, and Chinese-language sources, Paisanos Chinos is the first work on Chinese Mexicans after 1940.
Introduction
Authors: González Fredy
Published: January 2018

Two celebrations carried out by Chinese Mexicans just a week apart—one featuring Mexican dance in Taipei, the other performing Chinese dance in Mexico City—allowed a small and seemingly insignificant community to demonstrate before a transpacific audience their understanding of home and belonging in a world sharply divided by the politics of the Cold War. On October 20, 1961, a visiting Chinese Mexican dance group performed before a packed house at the International House in Taipei, Republic of China (located on Taiwan after 1949). Wearing traditional costumes like the ...
Death in the City
Authors: Sloan Kathryn A.
Published: January 2018

Popular culture has long conflated Mexico with the macabre. Some persuasive intellectuals argue that Mexicans have a special relationship with death, formed in the crucible of their hybrid Aztec-European heritage. Death is their intimate friend; death is mocked and accepted with irony and fatalistic abandon. The commonplace nature of death desensitizes Mexicans to suffering. Death, simply put, defines Mexico. There must have been historical actors who looked away from human misery, but to essentialize a diverse group of people as possessing a unique death cult delights those who want to see the exotic in Mexico or distinguish that society from its peers. Examining tragic and untimely death—namely self-annihilation—reveals a counter narrative. What could be more chilling than suicide, especially the violent death of the young? What desperation or madness pushed the victim to raise the gun to the temple or slip the noose around the neck? A close examination of a wide range of twentieth-century historical documents proves that Mexicans did not accept death with a cavalier chuckle nor develop a unique death cult, for that matter. Quite the reverse, Mexicans behaved just as their contemporaries did in Austria, France, England, and the United States. They devoted scientific inquiry to the malady and mourned the loss of each life to suicide.
The Modern Disease
Authors: Sloan Kathryn A.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 4 examines medical and forensic approaches to self-murder. Some Mexican scientists believed the causes of self-murder to be biological and environmental. Others followed Emile Durkheim's arguments and placed its roots squarely in the urban environment. The environment was the modern city—, its rapid work paces, its changing technology, and the increasing alienation of the individual from family, community, and religion. Newspapers advertised a myriad of tonics and medicines to cure neurasthenia and other causes of excessive nervousness. Class and gender played significant parts in the interpretation and judgments of suicides, and these narratives were acted out in the media and in, judicial, and medical discourse. The documentary base of this chapter includes contemporary the journals ofmedical schools journals, insane asylumthe intake questionnaires of insane asylums, case files of patients incarcerated in the asylums, and forensic-medicine publications.
Taking a Different Tack
Authors: Harrison Jill Lindsey
Published: January 2018

This chapter showcases the work of California’s pesticide drift activists, who address their environmental concerns by advocating for regulatory restrictions on the use of the most-toxic and unruly pesticides. It shows that pesticide drift activism is a critical reaction to the longstanding inadequacies and more recent neoliberalization of the pesticide regulatory apparatus, as well as to the sustainable agriculture movement’s reliance on market-based practices. Pesticide drift activists mobilize their anger about pesticide exposure not by giving up on the state but by holding it responsible for reducing environmental hazards that threaten human health. Their work illustrates why stronger health-protective pesticide regulations are necessary and demonstrates that they are possible.
How Canadian Farmers Fought and Won the Battle against GM Wheat
Authors: Eaton Emily
Published: January 2018

On 10 May, 2004 Monsanto conceded to a coalition of organizations opposing the introduction of genetically modified Roundup Ready wheat in Canada and abandoned its application to introduce the crop in North America. This chapter examines how this producer-led coalition defeated RR wheat by challenging the prevailing neoliberal logic that the fate of RR wheat should be decided in the marketplace according to individual choice. Instead, the farmers at the center of the anti-RR wheat coalition insisted that their distinct and collective interests as producers of food should be reflected in Canadian biotech policy and argued that wheat should remain a crop that farmers could reproduce outside of markets through the practice of seed saving.
Cooperative Social Practices, Self-Determination, and the Struggle for Food Justice in Oakland and Chicago
Authors: Figueroa Meleiza , Alkon Alison Hope
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines two food hubs in Oakland, CA and Chicago, IL in light of the food justice and neoliberalism critiques explained in the introduction to this volume. With regard to food justice, the chapter argues that although alternative food systems have often been created in ways that reify white norms and cultural frames, these organizations are steeped in African American cultural frameworks that position them as part of broader anti-racist struggles. Secondly, these food hubs simultaneously reproduce and contest neoliberalism through their collective approaches to the buying and selling of alternative foods. Taken together, these examples demonstrate some of the ways that alternative food projects are affected by and position themselves within the complexities of racial inequalities and neoliberal capitalism.
States of Separation
Authors: Robson Laura
Published: January 2018

In the interwar Eastern Mediterranean, European colonial modes of establishing land claims and controlling populations converged with a recent Ottoman past featuring desperate and violent efforts at nationalization and an increasingly empowered Zionist settler colonialism. States of Separation explores how this confluence produced a series of internationally supported plans to move “minority” communities in, around, and out of the newly constituted states of Iraq, Syria, and Palestine. Under the aegis of the new League of Nations and the British and French mandate governments, and often over the protests of those on the ground slated for displacement, these three states saw multiple efforts to remove entire communities, resettle populations, and redraw maps along ethnic lines. These efforts to create ethnically and religiously homogenous national enclaves out of a highly pluralistic political and cultural landscape constituted a massive demographic experiment that carried lasting political and social consequences for the twentieth-century Middle East and for the international order.
Origins
Authors: Robson Laura
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores three major earlier iterations of proto-separatism that arose almost simultaneously in the context of the late nineteenth-century encounters between the expanding British and French empires and the struggling Ottoman state: British and French communalizing policies in their colonies, the Zionist movement and a new discourse of Jewish ethnicity and nationhood, and ethno-religious violence in the Ottoman-Balkan wars of the early twentieth century. By the mid-1920s, these earlier precedents had helped shape a new set of international structures that emphasized ethnic belonging as a fundamental aspect of modern statehood.
History of Infamy
Authors: Piccato Pablo
Published: January 2018

This book examines the construction of crime as a central focus of public life in postrevolutionary Mexico. It does so by exploring cases, stories, and characters that attracted Mexican publics between the 1920s and the 1950s. The problems of learning the truth about criminal events and of adjudicating punishment or forgiveness concerned a broad spectrum of the population. This book looks at narratives, debates, and social practices through which a diversity of actors engaged the state and public opinion around a theme of common interest. Narratives and media about crime and justice that are still in place today developed during the decades of the twentieth century examined in the book: broadly shared ideas about impunity and corruption, extrajudicial punishment and the public meaning of homicide, and the divorce of legal justice and the truth.
Conclusion
Authors: Piccato Pablo
Published: January 2018

The conclusion summarizes the problems discussed in the book and places them in relation to the contemporary problems of violence, impunity, and lack of judicial transparency in Mexico.
The Souls of Black Folk
Authors: Nava Alejandro
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores some of the synergies between Spanish soul and black American traditions through Ralph Ellison's depiction of soul. In turning to Ellison, a contemporary of Lorca, this chapter falls in the thick of musical and cultural currents of soul. Like many black writers of the twentieth century, Ellison brought musical cadences and flows into the mighty river of American literature, injecting some of its stagnant waters with a fresh tributary of style. By adding his lyrical voice to American literature, he used his pen the way black musicians used their instruments, making it sing on behalf of a black American experience that was invisible in many parts of America. He not only honored conceptions of soul in black music, folklore, literature, and religion in this way, but also simultaneously exposed the blindness and tone deafness of many Americans.
Origins of the Stoning Punishment
Authors: Eltantawi Sarah
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the deepest layer of the sunnaic paradigm, the Islamic legal history of the stoning punishment. This chapter contrasts the stoning punishment’s perceived stability and incontavertability among contemporary Northern Nigerians against early Islamic intellectual historical accounts which understand the stoning punishment as highly contested and unstable legally and epistemologically. The chapter surveys early pre-Islamic societies’ legalization of the stoning punishment, including Mesopotamia and Judaic sources, and shows how the punishment made its way into the Islamic tradition. This chapter also surveys Qur’an, hadith, linguistic, aphoristic and Islamic legal treatment of the stoning punishment, and explores the analytic tools used by Islamic jurists to make a debatable punishment legal over time.
Introduction
Authors: Eltantawi Sarah
Published: January 2018

Eltantawi became interested in the case of Amina Lawal in 2002 when she was working in Washington DC in media and communications after the 9-11 attacks and was inundated with media phone calls about Lawal’s trial. This chapter introduces the book’s themes and lays out its guiding framework, the “sunnaic paradigm”: the concerns of Nigeria’s present, read back into the nineteenth century Sokoto Caliphate, which is then read back into the classical, Prophetic period of Islam. The sunnaic paradigm gave a sense of power to Nigerians as they embarked on the 1999 shar’ia experiment to overcome their societies’ significant challenges. The book wrestles throughout with how the seventh century past (birth of Islam) affects the twenty-first century present (demanding shar’ia).
Forgotten Peace
Authors: Karl Robert A.
Published: January 2018

This book examines Colombian society's attempt to move beyond the Western Hemisphere's worst mid-century conflict and shows how that effort molded notions of belonging and understandings of the past. The book reconstructs encounters between government officials, rural peoples, provincial elites, and urban intellectuals during a crucial conjuncture that saw reformist optimism transform into alienation. In addition to offering a sweeping reinterpretation of Colombian history—including the most detailed account of the origins of the FARC insurgency in any language—the book provides a Colombian vantage on global processes of democratic transition, development, and memory formation in the 1950s and 1960s. Broad in scope, this book challenges contemporary theories of violence in Latin America.
Interpretatio
Authors: Parker Robert
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the pervasive practice in the ancient world of identifying the gods of other peoples with one’s own (so –called interpretatio) so that for instance Roman writers spoke of the Greek god Zeus by the Roman name Juppiter. It asks who made these identifications, on what basis they were made, and what implicit assumptions underly them. I argue that assumptions may well have varied, but one important possibility was the belief that the gods of all peoples were indeed the same under different names. This did not mean that the differences between forms of cult in different countries, hallowed by tradition, should be abolished; it did however mean that adherents to the various ancient polytheisms did not feel hostile to one another on religious grounds.
Delos
Authors: Parker Robert
Published: January 2018

This chapter is a case study of the place where, above all, interaction between Greek and foreign cults can be observed: the island of Delos in the 2nd and early 1st centuries BC. The three Sarapieia, the sanctuary of the Syrian gods and the various sanctuaries of non-Greek gods on M. Kynthos provide detailed evidence for options and choices in naming gods in a multi-cultural environment.
Introduction
Authors: Haynes Naomi
Published: January 2018

This introductory chapter fleshes out the themes introduced in the prologue, particularly the Pentecostal model of moving, or “moving by the Spirit,” through which the rest of this volume can properly interpret not only the widespread popularity of Pentecostalism in Zambia, but also, and more importantly, its particular local traits. It also briefly looks into neoliberalism and Africa, and how religion in particular functions within the neoliberal context. From here, the chapter puts together an “anthropology of the good,” which acts as a relational model or a vision of an ideal social world. Finally, the chapter returns to Nsofu, where much of the book's study is situated, to discuss the expansion of Pentecostalism in urban Zambia.
Becoming Pentecostal on the Copperbelt
Authors: Haynes Naomi
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the relationships in which Pentecostal adherence embeds believers. For many people in Nsofu, Pentecostal membership is constituted by their connection to a church leader, whose superior spiritual power is able to transform what they call “stubborn situations” such as childlessness or unemployment. The other relational axis on which Pentecostal membership turns is lateral networks of collective prayer. Prayer in Pentecostal groups creates a rolling tide of ritual energy that carries everyone along with it, and like connections to church leaders, the relationships that form through prayer also have the power to effect change. The pivotal role of these relationships reveals moving by the Spirit as a central Pentecostal value, and the chapter concludes with a discussion of how moving by the Spirit is realized in displays of charisma and prosperity.
Prosperity, Charisma, and the Problem of Gender
Authors: Haynes Naomi
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the tension between charisma and prosperity through a discussion of gender, especially as it relates to church leadership. In Pentecostal congregations on the Copperbelt, as in other parts of the world, women are generally not given the same authority as men, despite the democratic thrust of Pentecostal theology. Rather than argue that the subordination of women in Pentecostal groups is simply an extension of dominant ideas about gender into the church, this chapter shows that on the Copperbelt Pentecostal gender politics are a result of the need to keep prosperity in its proper place. This is because prosperity and charisma represent social orientations that are both gendered and gendering. Prosperity is a female social orientation, while charisma is a male social orientation. By subordinating female leaders, then, believers are also subordinating prosperity, attempting in the process to keep it in its proper place.
Moment's Monument
Authors: Hecker Sharon
Published: January 2018

Medardo Rosso (1858–1928) is one of the most original and influential figures in the history of modern art, and this book is the first historically substantiated critical account of his life and work. An innovative sculptor, photographer, and draftsman, Rosso was vital in paving the way for the transition from the academic forms of sculpture that persisted in the nineteenth century to the development of new and experimental forms in the twentieth century. His antimonumental, antiheroic work reflected alienation in the modern experience yet showed deep feeling for interactions between self and other. Rosso's art was transnational: he refused allegiance to a single culture or artistic heritage and declared himself both a citizen of the world and a maker of art without national limits. This book develops a narrative that is an alternative to the dominant Franco-centered perspective on the origin of modern sculpture in which Rodin plays the role of lone heroic innovator. Offering an original way to comprehend Rosso, the book negotiates the competing cultural imperatives of nationalism and internationalism that shaped the European art world at the fin de siècle.
On the Move
Authors: Hecker Sharon
Published: January 2018

This chapter follows Medardo Rosso's peregrinations in his last decade of international expansion. At that time, it became clear to Rosso that being in Paris would not suffice to create a truly international reputation and fully disseminate his revolutionary ideas. He began to travel around Europe to promote his art, relying on international networks and new opportunities that characterized the first decade of the twentieth century. At the same time, Rosso's attempt to create a meaningful identity for himself without recourse to fixed symbolic structures of nationalism further intensified his uneasy position as a perennial outsider. He poignantly captured this sense of alienation in his final masterpiece, Ecce puer (Behold the Child, 1906), a haunting, larger-than-life head of the son of a wealthy London collector.
Experimental Study on Individual Taxpayer: Motivational Posture and Peer Reporting Behavior
Authors: Puspitasari Elen , Susilowati Yeye , Meiranto Wahyu
Published: January 2018

the effect of motivational postures and tax reporting behavior of one’s peers on taxpayer com-pliance was examined in this experimental study. This experimental research was conducted under the circumstances arranged and direct manipulation on taxpayer external factor, namely the independent variable is peer reporting behavior, so it can be determined causality effect of the independent variable on the dependent. The respondent is 81 taxpayers whose run the small business. A motivational posture was measured by using 29 statements developed by Braithwaite. Analysis of Covariance is used because this research conducting Quasi Experimen-tal Design Between-Subject with Covariate with random assignment method. Peer reporting behavior as an experimental variable consists of two level treatments. The result shows that the posture of motivation Indonesian taxpayers’ as a concomitant factor does not affect tax compli-ance decisions. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that peer reporting behavior were significant factors in explaining the experimental reporting decision. The findings of this study are expected to provide discourse to the government to improve tax compliance decisions in Indonesia in terms of posture motivation and peer reporting behavior among taxpayers.
Corporate Governance in Detecting Lack of Financial Report
Authors: Syamsudin Syamsudin , Imronudin Imronudin , Utomo Sasongko Tri , Praswati Aflit Nuryulia
Published: January 2018

Fraudulent financial statements begins with the act of manipulating the financial statements for personal gain. Efforts to fulfill obligations on the rights of stakeholders make corporate governance play an important role in minimizing the occurrence of fraudulent financial statements. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of corporate governance in detecting fraud or irregularities in the preparation of financial statements. Fraud detection is measured by the Beneish model.. The sample used in this research is 694 with manufacturing company period 2011-2015. Sampling technique with purposive sampling method. To test the Hypothesis used logistic regression analysis with moderation model. The results obtained are foreign ownership, domestic ownership and public ownership significant negative effect on fraud financial statement. While firm size has a significant positive effect fraud financial statement. Firm size as a moderating variable further strengthens the relationship between foreign ownership, domestic ownership and public ownership of fraud financial statements.
Developing E-Commerce for Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) to Cope with Cultural Transformation of Online Shopping
Authors: Prameswari Nadia Sigi , Suharto Mohamad , Afatara Narsen
Published: January 2018

This study aims to examine factors contributing to societies’ tendencies to choose online shopping, the characteristics of e-commerce needed by societies and obstacles faced by MSME in handling business competition. E-commerce is a set of dynamic technology, application and business process which connects certain companies, consumers and communities through electronic transaction. Trade of goods, services and information is performed electronically. The development of E-commerce system for MSME aims to change its culture which still relies on conventional purchasing into online shopping, improve MSME’s sales in order to promote, market and sell products to internet users through website without any space and time limits. The research subjects are people involving in MSME and communities of Jebres village, Surakarta. This study applies qualitative paradigm. The research subjects were taken using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using various techniques: structured interview, questionnaire, observation and content analysis or archive analysis. Data were later analyzed using four stages, namely data reduction, classification, data presentation and verification.
A Model for Improving Human Resource Performance in the Context of Knowledge Donating
Authors: Wuryanti Wuryanti , Setiawan Indrianto
Published: January 2018

This study aims to examine the relationship between self efficacy, social competence and knowledge donating variables on organizational performance. This research uses quantitative research method by using primary data taken from questionnaires dispersion. The population of this study is all employees who work in KPP Pratama Semarang (Office Tax) consisting of 113 respondents. While the sampling is done through the census method. Analysis technique of this research using Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) technique. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of self efficacy and social competence on performance. Thus, to improve the performance of the tax office needs to improve self-efficacy of employees, especially their readiness to risk their jobs by giving them some skills to minimize risks on the job, such as technical skills, organizational skills and leadership skills. The tax office also needs to improve the social competence, especially the sense of concern for their employees. The tax office also needs to create conditions that support fellow employees in order to willing to share new knowledge.
A Recent Literature Review on Corporate Political Connections
Authors: Trinugroho Irwan
Published: January 2018

It has always been an interesting issue deliberating the connectedness between corporation and political power. There have been a substantial number of papers in the academic literature empirically studying what so call “corporate political connections” over the last 17 years. Using 81 papers published in 2010-2017 in finance, economics, accounting, management and other journals, in this present paper, I provide a recent literature review on firm political connections particularly with respect to the empirical studies discussing the impact of being politically connected firms. A number of issues related to the effect of political connections on corporate strategy, behaviors and outcomes have been addressed. Few other papers provide different perspective by looking at the antecedents of corporate political connections and the contingency role of such connections. Little is found on the development of new measures of corporate political connections. Finally, it could be suggested that the interaction between political connections and the technological-based business innovation would be an interesting issue to study.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Ibu terhadap Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi pada Pasangan Usia Subur
Authors: Gayatri Diah , Raharjo Tri Joko
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara karakteristik ibu terhadap penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur di Kelurahan Beji Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah pasangan usia subur sebanyak 1047 di Kelurahan Beji, dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dihasilkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 289 sedangkan untuk menentukan anggota sampel digunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Instrumen tersebut telah diujicobakan untuk digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen dengan program SPSS versi 20. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni analisis deskriptif persentase & regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis regresi dapat diketahui skor F hitung= 58,637 lebih besar dari F tabel= 3,89 olehkarenanya hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak. Oleh karena itu bahwa karakteristik ibu berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan alat kontrasepsi. Adapun pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 17,5% antara karakteristik ibu terhadap penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur.
Teknik Identifikasi Program Paket C dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Fungsional Warga Belajar
Authors: Syahid Ahmad
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis tentang teknik identifikasi kebutuhan belajar program Paket C, dan peningkatan keterampilan fungsional warga belajar Paket C di PKBM Buana Mekar. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran kewirausahaan untuk pemberdayaan kelompok pemuda produktif. Subyek penelitiannya satu orang pengelola PKBM, satu orang tutor dan tiga orang warga belajar Paket C. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumentasi. Tahapan penelitian melalui tahap: orientasi, eksplorasi, dan member check. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif melalui langkah-langkah: koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan tujuan identifikasi program Paket C untuk menyusun kebutuhan belajar, perencanaan, proses, penentuan waktu, penyediaan sarana, dan media pembelajaran. Teknik identifikasi menggunakan Kartu SKBM, wawancara, angket, observasi, pertemuan kelompok, dan teknik indikator sosial. Hasil pembelajaran Paket C berbasis keterampilan fungsional menekankan pada pengembangan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan kewirausahaan.
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LOGIC FUZZY METODE TSUKAMOTO, SUGENO, DAN MAMDANI ( STUDI KASUS : PREDIKSI JUMLAH PENDAFTAR MAHASISWA BARU FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG)
Authors: Irfan Mohamad , Ayuningtias Laras Purwati , Jumadi Jumadi
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAK Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung salah satu institusi perguruan tinggi yang memiliki kualitas yang bagus dan memiliki potensi yang dapat menyerap mahasiswa baru berdasarkan berlimpahnya data awal yang diperoleh dari tahun ajaran 2013/2014 sampai dengan 2016/2017, dengan tahapan seleksi penerimaan yang banyak bahkan mahasiswa baru yang terserap beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan.Dalam penelitian dilakukan analisa perbandingan algoritma fuzzy logic metode Tsukamoto, Sugeno dan Mamdani untuk memprediksi jumlah pendaftar untuk tahun kedepan dilihat dari jumlah mahasiswa yang lulus dan registrasi dari tahun sebelumnya dan dalam membandingkan perhitungannya menggunakan nilai rata-rata dari hasil yang diperoleh pada ketiga metode fuzzy tersebut dengan aplikasi berbasis web.Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dihitung bahwa metode fuzzy Mamdani mempunyai tingkat error yang lebih kecil sebesar 19,76% dibandingkan dengan metode Tsukamoto sebesar 39,03% dan Sugeno sebesar 86,41% pada prediksi jumlah pendaftar mahasiswa baru.   ABSTRACT State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung one of the university institutions that have good quality and has the potential to absorb new students based on the abundance of preliminary data obtained from the academic year 2013/2014 until 2016/2017, with the selection selection stage Which many new students even absorbed in the last few years have increased and decreased. In the research, comparative analysis of fuzzy logic algorithm of Tsukamoto, Sugeno and Mamdani method is used to predict the number of applicants for the next year seen from the number of students who graduated and registration from the previous year and in comparing the calculation uses the average value of the results obtained in the three fuzzy methods with web-based applications. The result of the research has been calculated that the fuzzy Mamdani method has a smaller error rate of 19.76% compared to the tsukamo method To equal to 39.03% and Sugeno equal to 86.41% in predicted number of new student enrollment How to Cite : Irfan, M. Ayuningtias, L.P. Jumadi, J. (2017). ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LOGIC FUZZY METODE TSUKAMOTO, SUGENO, DAN MAMDANI (STUDI KASUS : PREDIKSI JUMLAH PENDAFTAR MAHASISWA BARU FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 9-16.doi:10.15408/jti.v10i1.6810Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v10i1.6810
Analisa dan Perbandingan Bukti Forensik Aplikasi Media Sosial Facebook dan Twitter pada Smartphone Android
Authors: Mukti Wisnu Ari , Masruroh Siti Ummi , Khairani Dewi
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi internet dan smartphone yang semakin pesat diikuti pula oleh meningkatnya pengguna media sosial yang mengakses menggunakan smartphone khususnya Android. Salah satu permasalahan yang tak luput dari media sosial adalah tindak kejahatan dunia maya yang memanfaatkan media sosial. Karena pada dasarnya tidak ada kejahatan yang tidak meninggalkan jejak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan dan membandingkan bukti-bukti forensik tersebut pada aplikasi media sosial Facebook dan Twitter yang diakses pada smartphone Android. Facebook dan Twitter dipilih karena memiliki beberapa fitur yang mirip. Pada penelitian ini, metode simulasi digunakan dalam penelitian dengan menjalankan 11 skenario diantaranya adalah pengembalian file yang dihapus, pencarian bukti forensik berupa nama akun, lokasi, nomor telpon, tanggal lahir, photo profile, cover photo, posting berupa teks, posting berupa gambar, isi private message berupa teks dan isi private message berupa gambar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua bukti forensik pada aplikasi media sosial Facebook berhasil ditemukan semua. Sedangkan pada aplikasi media sosial Twitter hanya berhasil ditemukan berupa nama akun, data lokasi, photo profile, cover photo, posting berupa teks dan posting berupa gambar.  ABSTRACT The development of internet technology and smartphones are increasing rapidly followed by increasing social media users who access using a smartphone, especially Android. One of the problems that did not escape from social media is cyber crime acts that utilize social media. Because basically no crime does not leave a trace. This study was conducted to find and compare the forensic evidence on social media applications Facebook and Twitter are accessed on Android smartphones. Facebook and Twitter are selected for having some similar features. In this study, the simulation method used in the research by running 11 scenarios such as the return of deleted files, the search for forensic evidence in the form of account name, location, phone number, birth date, photo profile, photo cover, text posts, Private message in the form of text and private message content in the form of picture. The results of this study indicate that all forensic evidence on Facebook social media applications found all. While in the social media application Twitter only managed to be found in the form of account name, location data, photo profile, photo cover, text posts and post images. How to Cite : Mukti, W.A. Masruroh, S.U. Khairani, D. (2017). Analisa dan Perbandingan Bukti Forensik Aplikasi Media Sosial Facebook dan Twitter pada Smartphone Android. Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 73-84. doi:10.15408/jti.v10i1.6820Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v10i1.6820
Placental Findings and Effect of Prophylactic Hydrocortisone in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Héneau Alice , Guimiot Fabien , Mohamed Damir , Rideau Batista Novais Aline , Alberti Corinne , Baud Olivier ,   for the PREMILOC Trial study group
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the relationship between histologic findings of the placenta and response to early postnatal hydrocortisone treatment used to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants.

METHODS:

In an exploratory analysis of the Early Low-Dose Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants (PREMILOC) trial, detailed placental analyses were performed on the basis of standardized macroscopic and histologic examinations. Placental histology, categorized into 3 groups, was correlated to neonatal outcomes and response to hydrocortisone treatment.

RESULTS:

Of 523 randomly assigned patients, 457 placentas were analyzed. In total, 125 out of 457 (27%) placentas were classified as normal, 236 out of 457 (52%) placentas were classified as inflammatory, and 96 out of 457 (21%) placentas were classified as vascular. Placental inflammation was associated with a significant, increased rate of BPD-free survival at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, independent of gestational age, treatment group, and sex (adjusted odds ratio: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 2.82, P = .03). Regarding the response to treatment, the strongest benefit of hydrocortisone compared with placebo was found in infants born after placental vascular disease, with significantly more patients extubated at day 10 (risk difference: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.56, P = .004) and similar positive direction on survival without BPD (risk difference: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.46, P = .06). Adjusted to gestational age and treatment groups, placental inflammation was associated with significantly fewer patent ductus arteriosus ligation (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.95, P = .03). Placental histology was not found to be associated with other adverse events related to preterm birth.

CONCLUSIONS:

With these findings, we confirm that early low-dose hydrocortisone confers benefits in extremely preterm infants overall and we suggest there is a higher treatment effect in those born after placental vascular disease.
Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health
Authors: Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Georgieff Michael K. ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels Stephen , Corkins Mark , Golden Neville H. , Kim Jae H. , Lindsey C. Wesley , Magge Sheela N.
Published: January 2018

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2023.

Maternal prenatal nutrition and the child's nutrition in the first 2 years of life (1000 days) are crucial factors in a child’s neurodevelopment and lifelong mental health. Child and adult health risks, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, may be programmed by nutritional status during this period. Calories are essential for growth of both fetus and child but are not sufficient for normal brain development. Although all nutrients are necessary for brain growth, key nutrients that support neurodevelopment include protein; zinc; iron; choline; folate; iodine; vitamins A, D, B6, and B12; and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Failure to provide key nutrients during this critical period of brain development may result in lifelong deficits in brain function despite subsequent nutrient repletion. Understanding the complex interplay of micro- and macronutrients and neurodevelopment is key to moving beyond simply recommending a “good diet” to optimizing nutrient delivery for the developing child. Leaders in pediatric health and policy makers must be aware of this research given its implications for public policy at the federal and state level. Pediatricians should refer to existing services for nutrition support for pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and toddlers. Finally, all providers caring for children can advocate for healthy diets for mothers, infants, and young children in the first 1000 days. Prioritizing public policies that ensure the provision of adequate nutrients and healthy eating during this crucial time would ensure that all children have an early foundation for optimal neurodevelopment, a key factor in long-term health.