bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Customer's Personal Characteristics and Usage of Electronic Banking Services
Authors: Heidari Aram , Asady Nadia
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, data is the heart of business processes of small and large companies, such as retailers, communication, production, facilities, transportation, insurance, credit cards and banking. Hence, there is a need for a tool that can process stored data and provide users with the information obtained from this process. In this context, data mining is one of many scientific branches that in recent years has experienced a rapid expansion worldwide. Data mining is the process of discovering knowledge (that is) hidden in data, which by describing, explaining, predicting and controlling various phenomena, has a wide application in various fields. The main idea of ​​data mining is based on the fact that old data contain information that can be used in the future and will be valuable. The purpose of data mining is to find those patterns in existing data that make the needs, preferences and desires of the business clearer. Therefore, extracting the symptoms from useless things, i.e. identifying underlying patterns within seemingly random variables, is one of the important roles of data mining. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics of the client and the use of electronic banking services (using data mining methods).
Artificial Bee Colony for Quadratic Assignment Problem: A Hospital Case Study
Authors: Sultan Jalal A. , Matrood Daham A. , Khaleel Zaidoun M.
Published: July 2020

The problem of locating hospital departments so as to minimize the total distance travelled by patients can be formulated as a Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP).In general, (QAP) is one of the Combinatorial Optimization Problems and always high dimensional. Therefore, the use of meta-heuristics that generates good solutions in reasonable computer time becomes an attractive alternative. In this paper, a proposed artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used to optimize QAP. The main idea is to use different crossover techniques for employee and onlooker bee stages and use exchange position operator for scout bee stage. The results of ABC algorithm show the efficiency and capabilities of proposed algorithm in finding the optimum solutions, compared with results of GA and SA in all test problems. The purpose of this paper is to apply the QAP in Azadi hospital in Kirkuk city to minimize the total distance travelled by patients. The application involves determine the flow matrix and the distance matrix to solve the problem. The results related that QAP model was presented suitable framework for clinics allocation and optimum use.
User-centered Security for Protecting Patient Privacy for E-health Cloud Computing
Authors: Anwer Mardin A. , Stengel Ingo , Zarro Rina Dinkha
Published: July 2020

E-health is the present communication structure in medicine especially in developed countries.  Toward enhancing the quality of care and reduce the health care delivery cost, cloud Computing technology has been adopted.  In recent times services such as exchange and share medical data among staff and then to the patients are one the main reasons behind using this technology in e-health. Hence, using cloud computing in e-health has many challenges particularly when dealing with electronic healthcare records (EHR).

 Cloud computing is an agglomeration of technologies, operating systems, storage, networking, virtualisation, each fraught with inherent security issues. For example, browser-based attacks, denial of service attacks and network intrusion become carry-over risks into cloud computing. It differs from traditional computing paradigms as it is scalable which can be encapsulated as an abstract entity to provide different levels of services to the clients.

In this paper, we identified the users of e-health such as doctors, nurses and family members and then their security requirements are identified. An application with five stages toward encryption and decryption process is designed. Since trust is a critical factor in cloud computing, this project will investigate the obstacles that cause this technology lose its credibility in certain clouds. To enhance user authentication process, two-tier mechanisms are used to identify the user’s identity. While in confidentiality, it should be assured that information is shared only among authorised people or vendors by applying powerful cryptographic concepts. In this prototype application, the user will be able to protect his/her data and is responsible for providing a high level of security as long as these data are highly private and important.
Boosting Authentication Security by Building Strong Password and Individualizing Easy to Remember Techniques
Authors: Qader Nooruldeen Nasih
Published: July 2020

Newly released researches disclose the need of canceling the incorrect opinion; security by Password (PW) is dead and proves that these believe has been hurtful. Moreover, recommended a campaign prioritize strategies of building PW. Considering the PW features such as costless, maturity and vast experiences, and usability PW continues to be the most used options in Information Security (IS), it is furthermore, consider most challengers to researchers and really needs further boosting. PWs control authentication mechanism of IS, requiring that individuals choose strong PW. The best advice to protect from hackers is randomly generating unique PW for every site and service, to apply this advice we need more techniques of easy to remember and hard to guess. This study proposed a bunch of easy to remember techniques for building a strong PW. Also, it exhibited the importance of similar strategy despite existing of many helpful PW managers. On the other hand, this paper compiled and analyzed today’s data regarding authenticating secure systems via PW. Analyzed data showed some of common weakness in PW selection. Moreover, gathered information and evaluated data indicated the need of boosting PW. Proposed techniques and solutions enable individuals to select appropriate PW easily.
The Challenges of Implementing E-Commerce in Kurdistan of Iraq
Authors: Jaffar Ako Abubakr , Ghareb Mazen Ismaeel , Sharif Karzan Hussein
Published: July 2020

The Retailers all over the world are prospering from the burgeoning trend of online shopping. Kurdistan Regional Government is still struggling to grow its e-commerce markets. On the other hands e-commerce in Various countries in the Middle East have some of the world’s highest internet and mobile penetration rates. Alternative payments methods are quickly expanding, and having access to some of the world’s most coveted natural resources that allows countries in their region to have some of the highest GDP in the world. There are several challenges prevalent in the KRG Region market that will require international merchants to develop strategies based on innovation and vigilance. This unique region is plagued with complications many other countries have little to no experience with e-commerce, which highlights the need for retailers to have a deep understanding as to how this region operates before they can begin finding solutions. One of the biggest concerns today's consumers have is the risk of fraud when they are shopping online. With highly sophisticated malware and perceptive cybercriminals, customers' card and bank information can easily be stolen if a merchant does not take the proper security measures. In this paper we summarize all challenges need to be addressed in KRG in order to make correct steps to apply e-commerce in KRG. Finally, the recommendations and framework are proposed for e-commerce to encourage government, organizations, and people to take advantages from e-commerce.
Rule of restriction of the court to the limits of criminal proceedings
Authors: Aziz Sardar Ali
Published: July 2020

The principle of restrict the court within the criminal lawsuit limits, means restricting the power of the court by the personal limits of the criminal case. A sound foundation of this principle lies in the impartiality of the judge, which requires him to look into the case from the perspective of impartiality derived from the presumption of the judge that the defendant is innocent originally. It is not conflicted with the commitment to this principle, if there is any change in the legal description for the fact of the case, or in case of modifying the charge by the court, which seem to be more compatible. Because in both mentioned situations, the court does not bring any additional fact to the accused person. That means the court will prosecute the defendant through the same case but under another description, which consistent more with the fact of the case, as a result of judicial investigations or trial.

   Notably, in case of convicting the defendant immediately due to committing a misdemeanor or infraction in the court room, the court may relatively exceed the objective limits of the criminal lawsuit. Moreover, the stipulation on the personal limits for the criminal lawsuit only, without objective limits in the Iraqi Criminal Procedure Code, is considered as a lack point in this legislation which must be realized and avoided by the court.
Political Socialization Pathways in Kurdistan Region: Between Mobilizing Partisan and Democratic Upbringing
Authors: Rasool Abed Khalid
Published: July 2020

This research tries to provide a scientific understanding of the political socialization processes in Kurdistan Region, because this processes considered as one of the basic functions, which affect all aspects of political life and interaction between political structures in different political systems. The research argued that the political socialization process in Kurdistan Region split on two pathways, the first pathway, which is the dominant path, works on the mobilizing partisan, in order to ensure the sustainability of the influence of the dominance parties on the political life in this region; the second pathway, which is the weakness path, work on the democratic upbringing of citizens. In this context, the dominant parties in this region has made intensive efforts in order to control the agencies that play role of the function of political socialization, such as; civic organizations and media institutions.­
Contribution of rentier economy to hindering good governance
Authors: Saeed Tahseen Hamah
Published: July 2020

لقد تزايد الاهتمام مؤخراً بمصطلح الحوكمة وذلك نتيجة لما شهده الاقتصاد العالمي من التداعيات والانهيارات المالية والمحاسبية لعدد من الدول والشركات العالمية كالتي حصلت في جنوب شرق آسيا وما تبعها من انهيار الشركات الكبار في العالم.
وإذا كانت الحوكمة  يمكن أن تمثل إشراك جميع الأطراف في عملية اتخاذ القرار أي لا يكون القرار مقتصراً على مجموعة معينة في المؤسسة الواحدة وكذلك أن تتوفر المعلومات لجميع الأطراف بشفافية ووضوح وتحديد مسؤولية وحقوق وواجبات جميع المسؤولين عن إدارة المؤسسة وذلك لتجنب حدوث حالات الفساد الإداري، كما تهدف هذه العوامل إلى التأكد من أن المؤسسات تدار بطريقة سليمة وإنها تخضع للرقابة والمتابعة والمساءلة، وأن أحدى الأهداف التي تسعى اليها الحوكمة هو ضمان إن جهود الإدارة تنصب للحفاظ على المصالح العليا للمجتمع والدولة والعاملين والوصول إلى أعلى درجات الكفاءة في العمل.
على الرّغم من الاختلاف القائم بين المتخصصين في ما يتعلّق بمفهوم الاقتصاد الريعي وطرق رصدِه وقياسِه، ومدى تأثيره في النمو الاقتصادي، فإنه يظلّ من أبرز أعراض الخلل التي تُصيب مؤسّسات الدولة وتعويق عملية الحكم الرشيد. فلا غروَ إذن أن نجد الدول المعتبرة من دول ذات الاقتصاد الريعي في مقدمة التقارير والمؤشرات الدولية دائمًا من حيث ارتفاع نسبة الفساد، ما جعل قضية الفساد المالي والاقتصادي فيها معضلة هيكلية تعوق جهد الإصلاح، ومجالًا للمزايدة السياسية يُستخدم أحيانًا سلاحًا في تصفية الحسابات مع الأطراف غير المرغوب فيها. تُحاول هذه الورقة تتبُّع قضايا الاقتصاد الريعي، وكذلك الوقوف على أبرز محاور النقاش المتعلقة بعملية الحكم الرشيد، وتسعى إلى طرح السؤال بخصوص مساهمة هذا النوع من الاقتصاد في تعويق الحوكمة واصلاح مؤسسات الدولة!.
فيفترض الباحث ان كون النظام الاقتصادي لدول المنطقة ومنها العراق من الاقتصاديات الريعية من أكبر عوائق توفر شروط وتقدم عملية الحكم الرشيد فيها ومن ثم مساهمتها مع عوامل اخرى في تأخيرو تطوير مؤسساتها المتنوعة، والغاية من البحث أن يكون حافزا لتنويع الاقتصاد وتجنب الريعية في اقتصاد الدولة ودليلا لتحقيق الحكم الرشيد وتنمية برنامج الإصلاح المؤسسي.
يتألف البحث من ثلاثة مباحث، فيكون المبحث الاول مخصصا للتعرف بالاقتصاد الريعي وبيان طبيعته. والمبحث الثاني يتناول بحث مفهوم الحوكمة وعناصرها ومحدداتها. والمبحث الثالث يشرع في بحث علاقة الاقتصاد الريعي مع الحوكمة وكيفية تسخير تجنبها لتثبيت عملية الحكم الرشيد فالغاية منه هي تحقيق المصالح العليا للمجتمع وتطوير مؤسسات الدولة.
  وأخيرا اختتم الباحث البحث بأهم ما توصل إليها من نتائج وتوصيات.
The Impact of Good Governance on Economic Development from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Aref Ibrahim Mahdi
Published: July 2020

على الرغم من وجود الإمكانات والموارد المتاحة في الإقليم إلا أنه يعاني من أوضاع تنموية واقتصادية صعبة، وانتشار فساد مؤسساتي مرتب، ويعود هذا في نظر الاقتصاديين والمؤسساتيين إلى عدم وجود اصلاحات اقتصادية حقيقية وعدم تمشية هذه الإصلاحات مع الإصلاح المؤسساتي، فإن وجود إمكانات وموارد هائلة في أي دولة ما لوحدها ليست كفيلة بجعل البلد على عجلة التنمية، بل يحتاج إلى سياسيين وإداريين واعيين لإدارتها، وبهذا ظهر ما يطلق عليه الحكم الراشد.

ويهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أثر الحكم الرشيد في التنمية الإقتصادية وتحقيقها. حيث أصبح كل المجتمعات تُدرك أن التراجع الإقتصادي والتنموي إنما ناشيء عن الحكم غير الصالح وعدم وجود إدارة رشيدة في البلد. فناقش البحث خصائص ومباديء ومؤشرات الحكم الرشيد من منظوري الوضعي والإسلامي وعلاقة كل ذلك بالنمو الإقتصادي، كما تم بيان الواقع التنموي في إقليم كردستان العراق، ومناقشة مؤشرات الحاكمية الرشيدة التي وضعها البنك الدولي، وفيما يخص العراق اتضح أن جميع هذه المؤشرات ذات قيم سالبة سواء في المدة التي سبقت أحداث 2003 أم تلك التي بعد هذه المدة وحتى اليوم.

ورغم أن الإقليم شبه مستقلة إداريا واقتصادياً عن العراق إلا أن الأوضاع السياسية فيهما متوافقة إلى حد ما، حيث الحكم في العراق يعاني من محاصصات طائفية وقومية وفي الإقليم يعاني من محاصصات حزبية وفئوية وعلى أساس اجتماعي طبقي. مما يعني ذلك تدهور الدولة وتراجعه من كل النواحي وعلى رأسها محاربة الفساد، وتوفير البيئة المناسبة للتنمية، بل أصبحت الدولة نفسها في العراق والإقليم في يومنا جزءاً من الفساد الموجود.

    وعليه فقد قام الباحث بكتابة هذا البحث لبيان أثر الحكم الرشيد في التنمية الاقتصادية من منظور إسلامي، وإمكانية تطبيقه في إقليم كردستان العراق.
Controversy between the rentier state structure and the crisis of capital accumulation and impeding democracy
Authors: Kareem Saeed Muhammad
Published: July 2020

جاءت مبادئ الديمقراطية لتحميل الفرد - بصفته الشخصية - مسؤولية إدارة شؤونه، والمساهمة في حياة المجتمع. ونشأت الدولة بشكلها المؤسسي الحديث الديمقراطي، والتي بدورها خلقت ضوابط داخل المجتمع لمنع تسلط فئات اجتماعية معينة على مقاليد الحياة الاجتماعية، وهذا هو مفهوم الدولة الحديثة، أي دولة "المجتمع المدني " او الحكم الرشيد الذي لا يكون الفرد فيه عبدا لروابط عائلية، أو قبلية، أو سلطوية معينة تنبع من مصدر طائفي. إن الدولة في الشرق أخذت من مؤسسات الدولة الحديثة مظاهرها فقط، إضافة إلى استعمالها بشكل منحرف، مما أدى إلى تقوية أصحاب السلطة في المجتمع، بينما المطلوب تأمين ضوابط عدم استعمال السلطة ضد المواطنين، فالدولة عندنا وسيلة لفرض المزيد من الاستعباد، بينما في الحقيقة الدولة هي تحرير المواطن من الاستعباد، إن إشكالية وجود الدولة في المجتمعاتنا معقدة للغاية، ولها جوانب متعددة، وتعود هذه الإشكالية إلى اختلاف عميق بين تقاليد عالمنا وتقاليد العالم الغربي.

صحيح أن المؤسسات قديمة قدم المجتمع البشري، ولكن تحول الدولة نفسها إلى مؤسسة من المؤسسات، أي انفصال سلطتها عن شخص الحاكم، واكتساب هذه السلطة لطابع قانوني لا شخصي، هو إنجاز كبير للعصور الحديثة.إن أكثر ما يميز الدولة الحديثة عن الدولة القديمة هي دولة قانون، من هنا تبدو دول المنطقة في شرق الاوسط وخصوصا الدول الريعية مازالت اقرب إلى دولة القوة منها إلى الدولة الشرعية، وأقرب إلى دولة القبيلة والحزب الواحد، منها إلى دولة المؤسسات. وهي اقرب إلى دولة الأشخاص، منها إلى دولة الدستور.اقرب إلى دولة الولاء الشخصي، منها إلى دولة الموضوعية القانونية. وبدلا من أن يكون الدستور سابقا على شخص الحاكم والسلطة السياسية ، فإنه لا يزال في غالبية الأحوال يتبعه كظله.

ليست الشمولية الاستبداد فقط ولا التسلط فقط ولا طغيان الهاجس الأمني وحكم الأجهزة الأمنية الملتهمة للدولة فقط ولا طغيان القمع العارية فقط ولا التحكم بالريع من خلال السلطة، بل إنها في الجوهر اختراق المجتمع من داخل آلياته الذاتية والإمساك به بنيوياً بحيث يكون القمع العاري الوسيلة الموازية وليس النوعيةلهذا التملك البنيوي للفعل من الداخل. إنها طغيان المستوى السياسي على الاجتماعي، قد يصل في نهايته المنطقية والعملية إلى التهام المجتمع أو جـعله في أحسن الأحـوال لاحـقة عضوية بالمستوى السياسي، وهي تعمل على التدمير المنهجي المنظّم لكلّ أشكال التنظيم الاجتماعية بالأخص المستقلة، يؤدي إلى الهيمنة الشاملة للدولة على المجتمع والفرد يتحول المجتمع بمقتضاه إلى قطيع ليس أمامه إلا الامتثال والخضوع، والسيطرة التامة على خناق المجتمع من داخله وخارجه. هذا الخنق يعني موت السياسة بالمعنى العميق للعبارة وبخاصة موت السياسة المستقلة عن الدولة. إن استقلال السياسة سمة نوعية للمجتمعات الديمقراطية التي من شأن أحزابها الحرة تشكيل فضاء ضروري للحياة السياسية.
Re-engineering business to achieve the requirements of e-government
Authors: Daoud Al Lami Ghassan Qassem
Published: July 2020

Achieved success and progress organizations today through the possibility of using available resources are believed to provide broader services to the community, which is reflected based on the formulation and building the organization strategies, and that the acceleration of change necessitated the organizations follow the strategies or modern administrative methods towards the transformation of the application of e-government and one of these business environments methods (strategies) business re-engineering aimed at re-design work of the Organization.

Seeks current research to apply the principles of business re-engineering in service organizations environment as the main engine for the application of e-government administrative, and thus contributing to the processes design effectively broader and better services to the community and to provide, was launched this research of practical dilemma is the readiness of Iraqi organizations (represented by the Department of body taxes) for the application of business re-engineering through the availability of key components for the attribution of efforts to restructure and modernize the practical performance for the adoption of e-government project.

Find four basic sections includes eating the first of it research methodology (a problem and the rationale and objectives of the research, Planned premise for research, and methods of data collection and analysis) has been allocated for the second section side of knowledge, And interested third section analysis of the practical side, depending on the results of questionnaires to diagnose the views of a number of staffs in the Tax Authority research topic and finally reach the fourth section to a set of conclusions and recommendations, notably the need for direct government support and effective public organizations, and to provide an appropriate environment for the application of e-government, and the launch of the so-called concept of electronic organizations. And work to adopt the approach business re-engineering through the identification of candidate processes for re-engineering to be more important to achieve the objectives of the organization, and the need to use research centers in specialized colleges or Foreign Advisory centers to apply e-government requirements in business field.
The level of application of electronic management functions in the University of Duhok
Authors: Ismail Hadi Khalil , Abbas Saad Fadel
Published: July 2020

The research aims to detect the level of implementation of electronic management functions (electronic planning, electronic organizing, electronic Leadership, and electronic control) at the University of Duhok. This was the viewpoint of the heads of scientific departments in the colleges of the University، and whether there were significant differences at that level depending on the different individual characteristics of the heads of scientific departments.

The survey instrument (questionnaire) was used to collect field data side where distributed on all heads of scientific departments in the university colleges, which the number were (48),the main conclusion of the research is that the level of implementation of electronic management in the University of Dohuk was at highlevels.

The results indicated that there are significant differences in the views of the heads of scientific departments on the level of implementation of electronic management attributed to individual characteristics (academic achievement، scientific surname، and the number of training courses in the field of electronic management). While the results mentioned that there are no significant differences in their views depending on the length of service in the job site، and specialization. The research included a set of suggestions to enhance the level of electronic management functionsimplementation in the University of Duhok .
Electronic management and its role in achieving competitive advantage in industrial organizations
Authors: Wali Al-Bayati Amira Shakr
Published: July 2020

The research aims to diagnose the role of electronic administration in achieving a competitive advantage to the organization for its contribution in reducing the time to accomplish tasks Vdilan cost performance because it contributes to the financial savings for the company centered on the lack of indifference departments in the application of electronic management

For fear of limbering process underpinning electronic management to get rid of all the excess costs and activities associated with them and rely on the electronic management four dimensions  ( communication networks, human capital, and databases and information ) and their relationship to achieving competitive advantage ( Cost minimum and time functions ) the completion of where the study relied on taking a sample of heads of units and divisions, sections in the General Company for the manufacture of cars and equipment batteries Babylon 1 & 2 industry lab opinions According to a questionnaire distributed to 112  people were excluded (10) questionnaires because they are invalid for statistical analysis of the remaining ( 102) questionnaire.

was used most prominent Matousel search mechanism is the presence of statistically significant differences between the application of electronic management and achieve a competitive advantage for the organization relationship The most important recommendationsPthiah the need for the company and its products fit their clients need from all those who through the adoption of modern concepts in methods to provide products in line with the need of customers
E-learning, application constraints and remedies
Authors: Salih Majid Mohammed , Jarjis Usra Ahmed , Suleiman Nidal Ali
Published: July 2020

We seek through the current study to take up the subject of a great deal of importance and the growing popularity in recent years by many of the students and educated as an opportunity for many individuals for the purpose of obtaining scientific certificates Aubramj training conditions they went through may be withheld from them this opportunity, but it is education mail modern educational means were produced by the knowledge revolution and the development of electronic technologies and renewable constantly.

     The study focused on highlighting the most important obstacles that hinder the proper application of e-learning and actress constraints related to each of the (administration, infrastructure, curriculums faculty,authority member and the student) and the adoption of the form questionnaire with a five-year measure was answers and attitudes of analysis (50) Ferdamn faculty members University surveyed, it reached a number of conclusions and recommendations of the conclusions Almezrh ways that support the application of e-learning in the surveyed university.
ڕۆڵی مۆرفيمە ڕێزمانييەكان لە سازكردنی وشەو زاراوەى زمانى كورديدا
Authors: Abdul-Raheem Osman Kareem
Published: July 2020

This research is named ((The role of grammatical morpheme to build up word and terms in the Kurdish language)) highlighted the structural area of Kurdish words and terms of the structure, although the foreground and the most important results occurring him through this research, consists of three chapters: The first chapter under the concept of morpheme and morphology in linguistics address, and speaks of this chapter for the word components and all grammatical morphemes in theory with examples of the words in the Kurdish language, and in the second chapter emerged as the role and influence of morphemes grammatical construction of the Kurdish words hire science of statistics to prove its existence and build a word in the Kurdish language, and in the third chapter also analyzed the role of these morphemes any grammatical terminology for the construction of the subsidy with the knowledge of statistics as well, to demonstrate its role and influence in the Kurdish term.
Legal and Ethical Obligations of Oil Companies in Preserving Natural Environment; a Case Study of the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Production Sharing Contracts”
Authors: Sediq Arez Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Apart from having many obligations, oil companies have both legal and ethical obligations to protect natural environment in the country in which they operate. Every country has its own legislation to regulate aspects of oil companies’ operations in order not to destroy the natural surroundings of their operation area. Complying with these requirements has mutual interest for both the host country and the company as the latter can improve its reputation by taking steps toward preserving natural environment of the host country. Accordingly, there are many oil companies operating in Kurdistan Region of Iraq that should bear the same responsibilities. However, insufficient environmental legislations and the lack of enforcing the applicable laws have encouraged oil companies not to take necessary measures for both protection and providing remedies for any environmental destruction. The paper argues that the legal obligations to protect environment should be enforced in an appropriate way alongside with corporate social responsibilities toward the host country in terms of preserving natural environment and compensating all kinds of damages that cause natural environment.
The Need for a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Approach in Kurdistan Education System
Authors: Hussain Aree Ghazi , Hann Naeema
Published: July 2020

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach has become a much debated feature of the education system in recent years. The study reported here examines the role of CLIL within the context of the Kurdistan Educational System. In particular, it investigates CLIL implementation in Kurdistan’s schools and its impact on the acquisition of the English language, contents of main subjects at the individual level, students and teachers, and the whole educational system. The study does not examine the impact of CLIL within the Kurdish education system, but a possible role for it. In order to do this, it first reviews the existing theoretical viewpoints on CLIL and its significance in language learning through the study of content of other subjects. A framework is then developed to describe the current situation of the Kurdistan Educational System and review CLIL in a different context. Data is obtained mainly through questionnaires to teachers and students in the Kurdistan Educational System and semi-structured interviews with two Spanish students who had experience in CLIL. All collected perceptions are analysed and implications for the usefulness of CLIL for Kurdistan Education System, teachers’ and students’ perspective on implementing CLIL in Kurdistan’s school and how CLIL be implemented in Kurdistan. Data from the study suggests that studying the content of some of the main subjects in Kurdistan’s schools provides more opportunity to expand intellectual horizons of students while improving their English language skills and knowledge. Owing to these reasons, integrating learning language and content from early age in schools will impact the entire education and higher education systems in Kurdistan. This is the first study to investigate the role of CLIL in the Kurdish context and further longitudinal studies are required to improve our understanding of the implications of the wider introduction, role, and advantages of implementing CLIL in Kurdistan and how to incorporate CLIL into Kurdish education policy.
Serious Games in Adaptive Learning
Authors: Darwesh Aso M.
Published: July 2020

Most of educational institutions follow classical method of teaching that means same curriculum for all learners in the same order. But new generations look for a system of learning that adapts to his/her personal capacity. Adaptive education or adaptive learning is such a solution which can organize the content of the learning system based on learner’s profile. This process is not simple, especially without using new technologies. Implementing adaptive learning in schools is very expensive. One of the digital techniques used in eLearning is by games. Games which are used for education more than entertainment are serious games. Games are the most famous and effective tools used in education because of the popularity of many kind of game devices and applications. In this paper we try to explain how serious games can be used in adaptive education. We also explore a new idea of using time in adaptive mechanisms. Adapting the content of learning based on multiple criteria not just learners' answers. Wrong answers does not always means inability to do things, or not understanding. Also, this may be due to lack of time or unfamiliarity with the device. This paper will also attempt to uncover the reasons for such delays and thus help us to better design an adaptive game.
On the Necessity of Establishing a National Cybersecurity Testbed
Authors: Al-Janabi Sufyan T.
Published: July 2020

Information security now is considered to be cross-disciplinary and comprehensive field. It integrates the accumulation of knowledge in many disciplines like computer science, mathematics, communications, electronics, physics, etc. Thus, there has been an ongoing effort to improve the experiences in information security experimentation. Many international institutions are investigating enhanced approaches to provide hands-on learning and research environments. However, academic institutions are facing with the difficult challenge of providing lab infrastructuresthat meet the increasingly growing needs of cybersecurity training. In this paper, we report on the necessity and importance of building an effective national testbed for cybersecurity experimentation. We also present a general top-level architecture for this testbed emphasizing the most important enabling technologies.
HTML5, future to solve cross –platform issue in serious game development
Authors: Ghareb Mazen Ismaeel
Published: July 2020

serious games as a learning medium have progressed in the previous couple of years. They have been connected to support learning in different fields, for example, security, medical services, and instruction. Serious games can scale from low spending recreations up to high spending diversions relying upon the recreations' destinations and elements. For example, military may use recreational software with 3D reenactment. This is the majority of scenarios in learning environments focusing  on motivation to learn. Nevertheless,  game development stays as a tedious, complex, and difficult process. With the use of HTML5, however, there is a growing shift towards web apps as opposed to native code.  HTML5 technologies are enabling game applications to run in the browser with some native app functionality. HTML5 has received a great deal of attention since its release in 2009, there are numerous articles and discussions on the Internet. In this work, we present how we can use HTML5 canvas as game engine and use it as a cross platform engine for developing a serious game with implementation of some simple games.  We mention the advantage and simplicity of canvas HTML5 for web game development. In addition,  we review further cross-platform compilers that support HTML5. Finally, we make a comparison of 10 of cross platform apps that support HTML5  in game development in order to help specify which cross platform can be used in game development generally and serious game specifically.
The motives of Russian intervention in the Syrian crisis
Authors: Saeed Nasser Duraid , Rahim Luqman Hakim
Published: July 2020

جاء التدخل الروسي في قضية سوريا بصفحته العسكرية بمثابة الصدمة للكثير من المحللين والباحثين، وإذا كان الباحثون قد رصدوا المشاكسة الروسية للغرب في القضية السورية منذ اندلاع اعمال الثورة فيها باعتبارها نوعاً من العرقلة التي أصبحت من سمات السياسة الخارجية الروسية زمن الرئيس بوتين تجاه الغرب، فإن أحداً لم يكن يتخيل ان يبلغ التورط الروسي الى حد المشاركة الفعلية في القتال لمنع سقوط  نظام بشار الاسد، رغم ان إشارات موسكو السابقة وطريقة إتخاذ القرارمن إدارة بوتين كان ينبغي ان تعطي جرس إنذار كاف لكل الأطراف حول استعداد هذه الإدارة الى التورط الى أقصى المديات بناءً على رؤية شخص واحد فقط يجلس عل قمة عرش الكرملين منذ حوالي العقد!!

والواقع ان بوتين لم يقتحم الميدان السوري كما تصور الكثيرون كتحدي مباشر للإدارة الامريكية، لكنه في الواقع استجاب لرسائل واشنطن المعلنة والمضمرة عن رغبتها في الانسحاب الجزئي من الشرق الأوسط منذ توقيعها لإتفاقية انسحابها من العراق أواخر عهد الرئيس دبليو جورج بوش، وهذا ما دفع إدارة بوتين الى الانخراط في ما رأته ملىْ للفراغ الظاهر بعد هذا الانسحاب، وقد تحولت استراتيجية بوتين في المنطقة من الدخول لتخفيف الضغط الواقع على موسكو بسبب أحداث اوكرانيا الى الدخول في قلب المنطقة لأهداف تتعلق باستعادة النفوذ السوفيتي السابق وبناء زعامة بوتين في السياسة الدولية.
Civil society organizations and their role in promoting good governance
Authors: Ahmad Sairan Taha
Published: July 2020

The good governance means having an integrated system of accounting and political and administrative accountability for officials in their public jobs, at the same time the ability of accountability for institutions of civil society and the private sector, so the good governance leads to sustainable human development and their application requires the rule of law, transparency and accountability, participation and decentralization. The Civil society organizations play a significant role in achieving comprehensive development and achieve democratic transition by working to instill  values and promote appropriate democratic practices in the community and create an environment for the establishment of good governance and development. The development of good governance requires the participation of women in all levels of decision-making, and the equal opportunities should be available for them to participation in all peace processes and support the protection of women's rights in armed conflicts, as well as to enhance their participation in political life and to ensure their rights as citizens and participants in the decision-making process at the local level.
Obstacles to the application of the indicators of good governance in Iraq for the period (1996 - 2014)
Authors: Arf Moein Sabt , Saeed Hashem Muhammad
Published: July 2020

This research seeks to intellectual theoretical analysis of the concept of good governance and the dimensions and standards and their relation to economic and human development by focusing on the case of Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in the current political changes and economic structure of the country and international variants of liberalism, globalization and the call appearance to follow the transparency and the fight against corruption in the light of the challenges facing the modern state and governments in the context of globalization and global openness and the need to take into account the new role of the state governments and the involvement of civil society and the private sector and even the free media in decision-making and achieve real development by providing a suitable environment for business and investment.

 It was found from the six ruling published indicators by the World Bank, it continues to decline in Iraq, especially after the year 2005 due to poor governance and the continuing political instability and rampant corruption, nepotism and political quotas and the absence of the role of institutions and the provision of regulatory frameworks to promote development and the development of the economy, and the rule of public sector philosophy and the absence of the real role of the private sector and this is the most important impediments to the application of good governance standards in the country.
The impact of the application of corporate governance rules and principles on improving institutional performance
Authors: Ahmed Ammar Shihab , Ahmad Osman Amin
Published: July 2020

It is the subject of corporate governance topics important due to the increasing moral hazard in the departments of joint stock companies practices resulting from the separation of management from ownership, which have opposite interests, which generated a host of problems between the two parties, which has affected negatively on the old and new investors to invest their money's confidence in joint-stock companies after the Crisis series the scandals, which affected major joint-stock companies, which led in turn to a decline in investment at the level of the overall economy and increasing unemployment, low national income, which has economic implications and social bad, hence the term corporate governance, the result of those problems are addressed by defining the obligations and rights of both the administration and other parties relevant, and that the application of the rules of corporate governance is very important to improve corporate performance, which has economic implications and his meeting positive. I have been conducting a prospective study on one of the joint-stock companies through the distribution of a questionnaire to some of the shareholders and employees in order to identify the extent of the application of corporate governance rules and principles of it, and the relationship of the company with other parties of non-contributors and has research found that the company management is working to their advantage and lack of attention to the interests of small shareholders and some foreign parties, which are at the heart of the application of the rules of banking governance.
Expected roles of e-management in processing the administrative routine
Authors: Abdulla Amjad Muhammad , Moheden Nishteman Othman
Published: July 2020

يهدف البحث الى بيان اثر الادوار المرتقبة للادارة الالكترونية في معالجة الروتين الإداري في المديرية العامة العامة للجوازات في محافظة السليمانية ، من خلال عدة ابعاد للادارة الالكترونية ومدى تأثيرها على  معالجة اسباب الروتين. وقد اعتمد البحث في ذلك تبني نموذج فرضي ومعالجته من خلال اطار نظري يتناول مفردات اساسية للادارة الالكترونية والروتين الاداري, ثم اطار عملي يتضمن تبني مشكلة  : ماهو الأدوار المرتقبة من استخدام الإدارة الإلكترونية بأبعادها في معالجة الروتين الإداري في المنظمة المبحوثة؟ وما شكل العلاقة والأثر لاستخدام أبعاد الإدارة الإلكترونية في معالجة أسباب الروتين الإداري؟ وقد اعتمد الباحث في معالجة البيانات على مجموعة من المؤشرات و الاختبارات الإحصائية في وصف متغيرات البحث واختبار الفرضية ,وذلك على اساس اسلوب الاستبيان لـحجم عينة بلغت (73) فردا المديرية العامة لجوازات مدينة السليمانية،  توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات واهمها ان هناك علاقة ارتباط وأثر بين الادوار المرتقبة للادارة الالكترونية ومعالجة الروتين الاداري والبعد البشري اكثر الابعاد تأثيرا . وقد تم الاستناد عليها لتقديم مجموعة من التوصيات للمديرية العامة للجوازات محافظة السليمانية اهمها(عقد دورات تدريبية متخصصة في مجال تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية، وبناء علاقات الإنسانية الوطيدة بين المدراء والعاملين).
Comprehension of the Principle of Good Administration in the Framework of EU Administrative Law
Authors: Mustafa Areean Mahmood
Published: July 2020

Good administration is a European administrative principle that could be deemed as an instrument for enhancing transparency, legal certainty and predictability in administrative procedures. There is no certain definition for the principle. The definitions differ depending on the disparity of the viewpoints. Charter of Fundamental Right of the European Union classifies the principle as one of the fundamental rights of individuals, while the European Union’s Courts differentiate between the various sub-components of the principle to establish a comprehension for their characteristics. The current article suggests that the principle could be understood from both sides, although perceiving it as a fundamental right would more reasonably establish a stronger protection for the individuals in their contact with the administrative institutions; as the individuals’ rights are now more central in the modern administrative systems around the globe.
Consumption: The Fashionable Disease of the Self and Its Romantic Allure in Literature
Authors: Ahmed Arsto Nasir
Published: July 2020

Consumption—Tuberculosis or (TB)—is considered as a peculiarly significant disease across different disciplines. This research traces the medical and literary history of the disease then discusses its aestheticised glamour in a number of writings that date back to the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Before being identified as a lethal disease in the 20th century, consumption was dealt with positively during the preceding periods or eras i.e., being consumptive signified love, easy death, female beauty, male creativity and genius, etc. The specific purpose of this academic endeavour is to answer in detail the questions of why, how and when consumption—as a destructive force— was regarded as a strong cultural device for self-fashioning and what made the perception on the disease shift or alter from positive to negative— from an aestheticised, romantic disease to a deadly one.
Online Database Intrusion Detection System Based on Query Signatures
Authors: Alhadithy Alaa Khalil , Omar Awezan Aso
Published: July 2020

SQL injection (SQLI) is a major type of attack that threatens the integrity, confidentiality and authenticity or functionality of any database driven web application. It allows the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the back-end database by exploiting the vulnerabilities within the system in order to commit an attack and access resources. Database Intrusion Detection System (DIDS) is the defense against SQLI that is used as a detection and prevention technique to protect any database driven web application. In this paper a proposed system is presented to protect the web application from SQLI. This proposed system uses a new technique of signature- based detection. It depends on secure hash algorithm (SHA-1), which is used to check the signature for the submitted queries and to decide whether these queries are valid, or not. The proposed system can distinguish and prevent hacking attempts by detecting the attacker, blocking his/her request, and preventing him/her from accessing the web application again. The proposed system was tested using Sqlmapproject attacking tool. Sqlmapproject was used to attack the web application (built using PHP and MySQL server) before and after protection. The results show that the proposed system works correctly and it can protect the web application system with good performance and high efficiency.
The Role of Public Sphere in Consolidate Good Governance
Authors: Faraj Anwar Mohamed
Published: July 2020

تعد كيفية سير عملية الحكم، وتحديد دوائر الحكّام والمحكومين، وكيفية التمييز بينهما، ومعرفة الآليات المستخدمة في تنظيم العلاقة بين هذه الدوائر، بالإضافة إلى تقييم النتائج المستخرجة، وتمييز الحقوق والواجبات الناشئة من تلك العملية، من الأمور التي حضيت بالإهتمام والدراسة من قبل الحقول العلمية المختلفة في التاريخ الإنساني. وشهدت هذه العملية تجاذبات كثيرة بين مختلف المفكرين والفلاسفة، والمدارس الفكرية والمذاهب الآيديولوجية، وصولاً إلى بناء نماذج من نظم سياسية مختلفة تحاول أن تجمع بين القيم السياسية الأساسية مثل الحرية والمساواة والعدالة من جهة وتأسيس النظام القانوني والإداري الفعال والكفوء في الإنتاج والتنمية والمستجيب لمطالب الشعب.
من هنا تراوحت حكاية السياسة باعتبارها الحقل المؤثر في عملية الحكم عبر العصور المختلفة بين: تقديم رؤية (مثالية) لما يجب أن يكون عليه الحكم متمثلة في العدالة والقيم العليا المرجوة منها وهي السعادة والخير العام من جهة، وتقديم رؤية (واقعية) لما كان وما هو كائن بالفعل في حياة الإنسان متمثلة في علاقات القوة والنفوذ والهيمنة المترسخة في الواقع من جهة أخرى، وضلت هذه الثنائية قائمة حتى برزت الرؤى التي تركز على عامل ثالث وهو (القانون) الذي يوفق ويجمع بين (المثال والواقع)، فمن خلال (القانون) وبناء مؤسسات قانونية يمكن إيجاد نمط من الحكم، تحضى بالشرعية من قبل الناس وتتبع آليات قابلة للمسائلة وقادرة على الإستجابة لمطالب الناس وتخضع لمبدأ سيادة القانون.
ونتيجة لذلك التدافع الإنساني في بيئة تفاعلية وحرة عرفت بـ(المجال العام، Public Sphere) جرى فيها تقديم الرؤى المتباينة من قبل المفكرين والسياسيين وخبراء الإدارة والإقتصاد، بالإضافة إلى بناء التجارب المختلفة في كافة أنحاء العالم، تبلورت نماذج لتنظيم آليات الحكم، من أبرزها (الحكم الرشيد، Good Governance) حيث تم دعمه من قبل المنظمات العالمية مثل الأمم المتحدة، والمؤسسات المالية العالمية مثل البنك الدولي، وقدمت آليات الحكم الرشيد بمثابة وصفات عالمية تتخطى الآيديولوجيات والأديان والحضارات المختلفة حول العالم، وساعد هذا المجال العام على الجمع بين الرؤية (المثالية) والإستجابة (الواقعية) والإستناد إلى (القانون)، بحيث أضفى حكماً قيمياً على ممارسة السلطة لإدارة شؤون المجتمع.
The relationship between the shepherd and the parish under good governance in light of the purposes of Sharia
Authors: Qaradaghi Ali Muheddin
Published: July 2020

إن أهم إشكالية نالت من الفكر والمنهج على مرّ التأريخ هي إشكالية التوازن بين حقوق الراعي (الدولة) والرعية (الشعب) حيث كانت الفلسفات السائدة تدور حول ترجيح متطلبات الدولة وحقوقها وهيبتها وسيادتها على حقوق الرعية والشعب، وبذلك يُرتكب الظلم والظلمات ومختلف الجرائم بحق الحرية والإنسانية تحت ذلك الغطاء.

  وبالمقابل فإن بعض الفلسفات الأخرى لا تولي العناية المطلوبة لهيبة الدولة وسيادتها ، وبالتالي تصبح ضعيفة هزيلة، وتسود الفوضى الهدامة، وحينئذٍ فلا الشعب ساد وقوي وتقدم وتحضر، ولا الدولة قامت بواجبها.

 ولكن الإسلام استطاع بمنهجه الوسطي أن يقيم هذه العلاقة على ميزان دقيق، ويحقق الايجابية لكلا الطرفين ليصبحا جسداً واحداً يكون لكل عضو دوره، ويُحسّ بآلام وآمال الآخر، ويسعى لتحقيق الخير ودرء الشرور ويتحقق الخير للجميع.

 ونحن في هذا البحث نتحدث عن الأسس والمبادئ التي تنظم هذه العلاقة في ظل الحكم الرشيد في ضوء الكتاب والسنة ومقاصد الشريعة وفقه الميزان، والمآلات، وتحقيق المناط ورعاية الواحب والواقع، والمتوقع .

والله أسأل أن يكتب لنا التوفيق والسداد وأن يكسو أعمالنا كلها ثوب الإخلاص و لباس التقوى وأن يعصمنا من الخطإ والزلل في القول والعمل ويتقبّلها منّى قبولاً حسناً إنه مولاي فنعم المولى و نعم النصير و المجيب.
Implications of the lack of administrative decisions in cases of rape of jurisdiction
Authors: Hama Zana Rauf , Ahmad Nsar Abdulqader
Published: July 2020

يعد ركن الاختصاص أحد أهم الأركان الرئيسة في القرار الإداري، ويترتب على تخلفه تعيب القرار الإداري بعيب مستقل يسمى عيب عدم الاختصاص، وهو أبرز العيوب الرئيسة المسببة لبطلان القرار وإعدامه. ويكون سبباً لإلغاء القرار الإداري أو سحبه في حالات محددة. إذ أنه من أهم الأسباب لإلغاء هذا القرار بإعتباره العيب الوحيد المتعلق بالنظام العام. ويتسم القرار بهذه الصفة لصدوره عن غير السلطة المخولة قانوناً بإصداره، وعند إصدار قرار إداري معيب بعيب الاختصاص من قبل الإدارة، فإن مثل هذا القرار يعد غير مشروع. وأن عيب عدم الاختصاص يقع حينما يغتصب من لا ولاية له سلطة إصدار القرار أو يصدر القرار من صاحب الولاية متجاوزاً حدودها الزمانية أو المكانية أوالموضوعية. وعلى هذا الأساس فإن إصدار أي قرار إداري ممن هو ليس بصاحب الاختصاص يضعنا أمام ما يسمى (حالة إغتصاب الاختصاص). والذي من الممكن أن يحول القرار الإداري من عمل قانوني إلى مجرد عمل مادي لا غير (أي قرار معدوم). من هنا فإن مصطلح (إغتصاب الاختصاص) يرمز إلى العيب الجسيم في ركن الاختصاص من القرار الإداري الذي من المتوقع أن يحول القرار الإداري من عمل قانوني إلى مجرد عمل مادي بحت.