bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise higiênico-sanitário e microbiológica em estabelecimentos da culinária regional em festa popular no Semiárido da Paraíba, Município de Cabaceiras, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Correia Cristiane Bezerra Libório , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de , Paulino Flávia de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

A culinária típica é um dos elementos trabalhados nas festas populares como forma de expressão cultural. Não obstante, uma preocupação nesse aspecto é a condição higiênico-sanitária dos alimentos e do ambiente onde são servidos. Uma das festividades mais conhecida do Estado da Paraíba é a Festa do Bode Rei, no município de Cabaceiras, Estado da Paraíba. Nela, encontram-se dois tipos de estabelecimento que trabalham com alimentação para consumo imediato, os fixos na cidade, que trabalham durante todo ano (restaurantes e lanchonetes) e as barracas informais montadas e alugadas pela prefeitura, que atendem apenas ao evento. A pesquisa tevecomoobjetivo verificar a qualidade dos produtos alimentícios, prontos para consumo, comercializados na Festa do Bode Rei, além de observar o controle higiênico-sanitário nos pontos de comercialização. Para tal, foram identificados todos os estabelecimentos que comercializaram comida na Festa do Bode Rei, através da técnica bola de neve, onde foram realizadas visitas técnicas in loco. Também foram coletadas amostras de água, carne crua e carne cozida para realização de análises microbiológicas. Tanto as visitas quanto as análises seguiram as recomendações dos órgãos brasileiros de regulação sanitária. Foram identificados 21 estabelecimentos, dos quais 13 eram barracas informais e oito eram fixos. Em ambos foram encontradas não conformidades, tanto na parte física quanto nas vestes e manejo dos manipuladores. Em ambos os locais foi detectada presença de coliformes dentro dos padrões da legislação para as amostras de carne crua; para as amostras de carne cozida não foram detectadas contaminações. Das amostras de água, os estabelecimentos que apresentaram melhor qualidade foram as barracas. Concluiu-se que os estabelecimentos permanentes precisam dar maior atenção à qualidade da água usada no preparo dos alimentos e que é necessária a implantação de boas práticas de manipulação (BPF) para os manipuladores, com vistas a diminuir as chances de contaminação durante o preparo dos alimentos servidos na festa.
O desafio da implantação da curricularização da extensão universitária para os cursos de medicina
Authors: Leite Ana Paula Ribeiro de Hollanda , Mendonça Carla Jeane de Melo , Lacerda Cícero Sousa , Alves Márcia de Albuquerque , Carvalho Júnior Arlindo Monteiro de , Santos Kamyla Félix oliveira dos , Romão Edjanece Guedes de , Padilha Janine Agra
Published: June 2022

A extensão é a atividadeque se integra à matriz curricular e à organização da pesquisa, constituindo-se em processointerdisciplinar, político-educacional, cultural, científico e tecnológico que promove a interação transformadora entre a instituição de ensino superior e os outros setores da sociedade, por meio da produção e da aplicação do conhecimento, em articulação permanente com o ensino e a pesquisa. Este trabalho objetiva analisar os desafios para implantação da curricularização da extensão universitária para os cursos de Medicina. Para tanto utilizou-se o método da pesquisa documental, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio dos dados fornecidos através das bases legais. Ao abordarmos essa temática, compreendemos que esse debate contribui para o processo de implantação da extensão como unidade curricular na matriz do curso entendendo que esse processo potencializa e amplia os espaços de prática e integra os conteúdos de forma vertical e horizontal. Pode-se concluir que as diretrizes para organização de um curso médico, apontam para necessidade de um projeto pedagógico construído com participação ampliada, colocando o estudante como protagonista de sua formação e o professor com o papel de apoiador e facilitador do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e neste cenário buscar uma integração entre o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão.
“A Whiff Like the Effect of Butterflies at the End of the Earth”1 : Esthetics of Linguistic Discourse in the Poems of Arab Poetesses as Mirrors of Liberation and Influence
Authors: Fahmawi Watad Aida
Published: June 2022

Many female Arab writers have chosen poetry as the most efficient and esthetically most gratifying medium for expressing the discourse of liberation and influence that they are leading. The present paper discusses the new poetic devices adopted by various women poets, from the use of shocking titles to the creation of unusual devices for communication between reader and poem. In this study, we focus on three poems by three women poets and compare the role that verbal esthetics play in promoting the concept of liberation and influence in them. The first poem is ‘Taḥaddin’ (Challenge) by the Algerian poet Aḥlām Mustaghāminī (b. 1942). In it, language appears as an instrument for a discourse of liberation in face of great challenges: politics, society, the writer herself. The poet uses such traditional devices as harmonizing intertexuality and functional rhyme to construct her vision. The Iraqi poet Wafā Abd al-Razzāq (b. 1952) in her ‘Waqfāt’ (Pauses) takes symbols out of their usual context and deprives them of their evocative power in the reader’s mind, enabling her to use them to create images of her own vision of women composers of poetry. Maysūn Ṣaqr (b. 1958) of the United Arab Emirates expresses redemption through the act of writing by using meta-linguistic esthetic constructions such as écart, contrasting intertextuality and enjambement that shatter the meaning. All three poems use devices that are similar to those used by male Arab poets in modern times, the poetesses have succeeded in giving these devices a feminine coat unique to them. The difference lies in the mode of their use: 1) clearly hearing the feminine first person, 2) allusions to children’s voices, masks and stories, and 3) biographical tales whose protagonists are women, all of which are rarely to be found in the writings of male poets.
Feminist Daughters with Military Fathers: The Forgotten Legacy of Rural Berber Men
Authors: Laghssais Bochra
Published: June 2022

The book under review ‘Feminist Daughters with Military Fathers: The Forgotten Legacy of Rural Berber Men’ by Fatima Sadiqi is a tribute to the author’s military father and his service to the Moroccan French and Moroccan military. The book also covers various themes such as military sociology, gender and culture throughout five chapters such as in chapter one about a biography of sadiqi’s Mouhamd ou Lahcen (around 1919-2005) a rural, illiterate, self-made Berber man who served in the French army before joining the Moroccan army after independence in 1956. Chapter two is dedicated to the sociology of the military. Chapter three offers an understanding of the intersection between gender and the military and also highlights the important role of Moroccan women in the national struggle for independence. Chapter four examines the nature of the Moroccan Military institution and its history. Chapter five contains life stories and experiences of twenty-five Moroccan Feminist leaders in various fields. Journalists, university professors, medical doctors, and writers that are of Sadiqi’s generation who have similar backgrounds being “daughter of military fathers” and “often share rural background”.
Adaptation of Eastern Europe to the EU’s Acquis Communautaire: Poland and Hungary in 2004–2021
Authors: Miroshnikov S. N.
Published: June 2022

This article features the special position that Poland and Hungary demonstrate towards the national government institutions and civil rights. The research objective was to describe the internal transformation and adaptation processes of Hungarian and Polish societies to the European concept of acquis communautaire, as well as the tensions between these two countries and the older EU members. This special position can be explained by the growing sentiments of national pride and identity. The social and economic achievements that happened aﬅer the 1990s allowed these states to increase the quality of life, and their citizens are not willing to give up on their identity to accommodate the demands of the European Union. For instance, people of Poland and Hungary saw a certain threat to their identity in the pressure from Brussels to welcome migrants from the Middle East, whom they could not accept on the mental and religious levels. Another threat was the Brussels’ pursuit to make Poland and Hungary accept sexual minorities in a very short timeframe, despite the fact that this process took Western Europe several centuries. Considering that the church had a very negative attitude to both issues, certain political parties managed to seize the power. They suppressed the freedom of speech, denied the independence of the judicial power, and challenged Brussels.
EU Anti-Russian Sanctions in the Sphere of Export Control and Dual-Use Goods Circulation in 2014–2022
Authors: Selezenev R. S. , Dementiev D. V.
Published: June 2022

The research features the theoretical (legal) and practical aspects of EU’s export control over the dual-use goods circulation as a sanction measure against Russia in 2014–2022. It gives a brief overview of the common EU approach to the dual-use goods export control. The authors focus on the special sanctions regime against Russia in this sphere, i.e., its legal basis, content, development, and implementation. The article introduces a comparative analysis of restrictions in the sphere of dual-use goods circulation before and aﬅer the tightening of EU sanctions in February-March 2022. The theory is illustrated by several court cases against individuals suspected of violating the sanctions regime. Based on the available EU statistics for 2013–2021, the authors analyzed the impact of the sanctions on cooperation between the EU and Russia in the sphere of dual-use goods export. Restrictive measures in the sphere of export control are a unique case of using Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) instruments in the context of implementing the principles of the EU Common Commercial Policy (CCP).
A combined model based on sparrow search optimized BP neural network and Markov chain for precipitation prediction in Zhengzhou City, China
Authors: Guo Nan , Wang Zhaocai
Published: June 2022

Simulation and prediction of precipitation time series changes are important for revealing global climate change patterns and understanding surface hydrological processes. However, precipitation is influenced by a variety of factors together, showing the characteristics of nonlinear variation patterns. Given that backpropagation (BP) neural network has a strong mapping ability for nonlinear fitting, we consider using BP neural network for precipitation prediction, then use Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to optimize BP network initial threshold and weight information to improve the efficiency of precipitation prediction. To further enhance model predictive performance, the Markov model is employed to predict the residual series of the SSA-BP model, so as to finally construct a combined SSA-BP-Markov model of precipitation. In this paper, the model is used to simulate the rainfall prediction in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China, and to compare and analyze with the other traditional models. The empirical prediction results show that the SSA-BP-Markov model is more accurate and the convergence of the algorithm is better. The model provides a new way of thinking for precipitation prediction and is also useful for predicting precipitation in other regions.
Design and Construction of a Mutant Neurokinin-2 Receptor with Convenient Peptide Cleavage Sites
Authors: Hurrell Craig R. , Donnelly Dan , Findlay John B.C.
Published: June 2022

Protein sequence analysis, computer modelling and recombinant DNA technology were used to design and
construct a mutant human neurokinin-2 receptor containing conveniently placed cleavage sites for V8 protease
and cyanogen bromide. The mutant receptor retains high affinity binding for the native peptide ligand, neurokinin A. 11te engineered receptor should prove to be a useful tool in peptide mapping studies that aim to
determine the point of attachment between the receptor and cross-linked photoactivatable ligands.
A Structural Signature Characteristic of the Calycin Protein Superfamily
Authors: Flower Darren R
Published: June 2022

A triumvirate of protein families (the lipocalins, fatty acid-binding proteins, and avidins) together form a
structural superfamily: the calycins. A similar pattern of specific side chain contacts between conserved residues is shown to be characteristic of all three calycin member families. An arginine or lysine (from the last strand of
the β-barrel), forms several potential hydrogen bonds with the main chain carbonyls of a short N-terminal 310­-
like helix and packs across a conserved tryptophan (from the first strand of the β-barrel).
FAMILIA ONAGRACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Unidad de Investigación en Sistemática Vegetal y Suelo, Ciudad de México, México., Morales Garduño Luis , Solano Camacho Eloy
Published: June 2022

Se reconocen actualmente, en el ámbito mundial, 22 géneros repartidos en dos subfamilias: Ludwigioideae y Onagroideae. La primera incluye a Ludwigia L. y la segunda a los géneros restantes. Onagraceae se divide en seis tribus, con aproximadamente 657 especies (Wagner et al., 2007). Para México se registran 17 géneros, dos de ellos, Megacorax S. González & W.L. Wagner y Xylonagra Donn. Sm. & Rose son endémicos, y 214 especies (Villaseñor, 2016). Revisiones taxonómicas recientes consideran que Calylophus Spach y Gaura L. son sinónimos de Oenothera L., y Diplandra Hook. & Arn., de Lopezia Cav. (Wagner et al., 2007). Esa propuesta se sigue en esta contribución; por lo tanto, para la República Mexicana el número de géneros se reduce a 14. En la región de estudio se registran siete géneros, 32 especies y 10 subespecies.
FAMILIA ASPLENIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán., Madrigal González Daniel , Bedolla García Brenda Yudith ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.
Published: June 2022

Familia de cerca de 730 especies. En Asia se encuentra la mayor diversidad (33%), seguido del Neotrópico (30%), África (22%), Oceanía (10%) y Europa (5%). Amplia distribución en todo el mundo, principalmente en zonas templadas y tropicales. Los géneros de esta familia están diversamente circunscritos, algunos autores reconocen solo a Asplenium L. (Kramer & Viane, 1990), mientras que otros reconocen hasta cuatro géneros distintos, por ejemplo, Mickel y Smith (2004) en su trabajo de pteridofitas de México reconocieron a Loxoscaphe Moore, Holodictyum Maxon, Schaffneria Fée y Asplenium. En esta contribución se adopta la clasificación más actualizada con base en trabajos más recientes: Smith et al., (2006), Christenhusz et al. (2011) y el PPG I (2016), los cuales, para la familia, se reconocen a Asplenium e Hymenasplenium Hayata, bajo esta circunscripción, en la región de estudio solo se registra al primero.
Advanced efficient iterative methods to the Helmholtz equation
Authors:   Department of BS and RS, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan, et al. Shaikh
Published: June 2022

Parallel computing has recently gained widespread acceptance as a means of handling very large computational data. Since iterative methods are appealing for large systems of equations, and they are the prime candidates for implementations on parallel architectures, We presented based on exploration, through virtual technology having 30 cores, in literature solutions of Helmholtz equation is available up to 12 cores by Jacobi method, here we increased the number of cores and virtual machine having 30 cores first time used to find the solution of Helmholtz equation, our findings are encouraging and found that parallel computing by OpenMP implementations is effective on current supercomputing as well as virtual machine platforms and that is an auspicious programming model to use for applications to be run on emerging and future platforms with accelerated nodes.
Screening for health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Special Education, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Saigh Budor H. , Bagadood Nizar H. ,   Department of Special Education, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2022

Whilst there has been a growing interest in children’s welfare in recent years, there has been a lack of consideration for those with special needs or health conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both children with ASD and neurotypical children may be affected by low self-esteem, poor physical condition, or psychological distress at school, which can affect their quality of life. It is therefore important for children and young people to have their quality of life measured and understood. While, for the Arab world, including Saudi Arabia, there has been the translation of health-related quality of life tools, there is a need to ensure their validity compared to the original English language versions. In light of this need, this paper presents the development and application of the KIDSCREEN-52 method to measure the quality of life for children with ASD and neurotypical children in schools in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative approach was employed to achieve the development of the method consisting of instrument translation and the standardized assessment of the quality of life for Saudi pupils. This developed method was found to independently and analytically assess the quality of life in Saudi pupils. The results from the application of the developed instrument revealed that although children without ASD rated their quality of life higher than those with ASD, overall, most Saudi Arabian students with ASD enjoy a reasonable quality of life. The findings of this study should be of interest to educators and individuals working with and on behalf of school-aged children and young people in foreign language settings where the application of development instruments could reveal the health-related quality of life.
Does COVID-19 affect GDP? A relationship between GDP and unemployment rate
Authors:   Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, et al. Januri
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine the long-term relationship between the unemployment rate and the growth of domestic product (GDP) in Malaysia, thereby revealing unemployment's impact on GDP. In this COVID-19 pandemic situation, numerous people have lost their jobs. That indirectly increases the unemployment rate which later has a variety of negative consequences on the government, society, and individuals. The Malaysian government has taken a big step in announcing the Movement Control Order (MCO) to slow down the spread of infections. Such decisions have affected the unemployment rate, as some businesses have to reduce their employees and some high-risk companies temporarily closed to stop the spreading of COVID cases. The cointegration test is employed to identify the relationship between the unemployment rate and GDP and then validate it by analyzing the error. Quarterly unemployment rate and GDP data were obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) website from the first quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The study found that the variables were stationary at first differencing and long-run relationships existed among them. According to the empirical findings in this study, long-run and short-run unemployment rates have a high influence on the GDP rate. However, the result contradicted one work in literature that claimed a negative association between GDP and unemployment for the past fifty years. This could have occurred as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
ВПЛИВ КОНДИЦІОНОВАНИХ СЕРЕДОВИЩ ВІД КУЛЬТУР ГЛІАЛЬНИХ КЛІТИН НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ СИСТЕМУ САМИЦЬ ЩУРІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Нестерук Ганна , Алабедалькарім Наталія , Колот Наталя , Комаромі Наталя , Проценко Олена , Легач Євген
Published: June 2022

Кондиціоновані середовища від культур стовбурових/прогеніторних клітин є цінним джерелом ростових факторів для відновлення функції яєчників, пригнічення їх передчасного старіння та запобігання патологічних змін овоцитів, асоційованих з віком.
Метою роботи було вивчення впливу кондиціонованих середовищ, отриманих від інтактної та кріоконсервованої культур гліальних клітин, на морфофункціональні особливості яєчників, рівні статевих та гонадотропних гормонів у щурів різного віку. Експерименти проводили на самицях віком 6 (репродуктивний вік, РВ) та 14 місяців (пізній репродуктивний вік, ПРВ). Моношарову культуру, в якій переважали гліальні клітин, отримували зі спінальних гангліїв неонатальних поросят. Кріоконсервували клітини у присутності 7,5% кріопротектору диметилсульфоксиду. Кондиціоновані середовища від інтактної (ІКС) та кріоконсервованої (ККС) культур фракціонували методом ультрафільтрації та отримували фракції до 30 кДа. Фракції ІКС та ККС вводили щурам внутрішньочеревно. Вивчали естральний цикл, рівні гонадотропних та статевих гормонів, гістологічну структуру яєчників та кількісний склад фолікулів.
ІКС та ККС мали стимулюючий вплив на вихід примордіальних фолікулів з дормантного стану у яєчниках тварин РВ та ПРВ, водночас відбувалася перебудова інтраоваріального фолікулярного пулу зі зменшенням кількості фолікулів гормоно-незалежних стадій розвитку (примордіальних та первинних) та підвищення кількості атретичних фолікулів. Введення ІКС та КС сприяло підвищенню співвідношення ЛГ/ФСГ та пригніченню формування асоційованих з віком кіст у щурів ПРВ. Біологічний вплив ККС на репродуктивну систему самиць щурів був схожим з тим, що спостерігався у разі застосування ІКС.
Солнечный телескоп мягкого рентгеновского диапазона для наноспутника на основе камеры-обскуры
Authors: Кузин C.В. , Кириченко А.С. , Перцов А.А. , Богачев С.А. , Ерхова Н.Ф.
Published: June 2022

Pin-hole camera as a soft X-ray solar telescope is presented. The instrument is aimed on imaging of flares in the solar corona with angular resolution up to 40 angular seconds. It will allow to register temporal profiles of flares and determine spectra in soft X-ray. The telescope consist on pin hole 0.1 mm in diameter in tungsten disk, thin film Al/maylar filter and back illuminated CMOS based 2d detector. The telescope designed for 6U cubesat. The instrument itself has dimension of about 0.5U with extended tube from 20 to 50 cm length.
Исследование спектров отражения и пропускания массивов гетерогенных ферромагнитных нанопроволок в терагерцовом и дальнем инфракрасном диапазонах
Authors: Фомин Л.А. , Загорский Д.Л. , Чигарев C.Г. , Вилков Е.А. , Криштоп В.Г. , Долуденко И.М. , Жуков С.С.
Published: June 2022

In the frequency range from 16 to 50 THz, the transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra of arrays of heterogeneous Ni/Co, FeNi/Co, and Ni/Fe nanowires grown in track polymer membranes by the galvanic method have been studied. The absorption spectra showed that the fraction of the radiation power absorbed by the nanowires and its spectrum depend on the materials of the nanowires. The features of the spectra can be explained by the accumulation of nonequilibrium spin due to electron diffusion and its relaxation stimulated by external terahertz (THz) radiation, which can be used to create a THz radiation detector. In addition, negative absorption was found for FeNi/Co nanowires, which can be explained by the laser effect on spin-flip transitions, which can be used to create a THz radiation source operating at room temperature.
Микромагнитное моделирование логического ключа большинства" на основе интерференции каустик спиновых волн
Authors: Дудко Г.М. , Кожевников А.В. , Сахаров В.К. , Селезнев М.Е. , Хивинцев Ю.В. , Никулин Ю.В. , Высоцкий С.Л. , Филимонов Ю.А. , Никитов С.А. , Khitun А.
Published: June 2022

Using micromagnetic simulations, we show the possibility to build spin logic devices based on films of yttrium iron garnet and permalloy where energy channeling of spin waves is achieved due to excitation of focused and narrow-directed wave beams with used antennas. We studied the methods to construct a majority logic gate based on the interference of caustics of spin waves excited with the rectilinear transducers directed at an angle to the in-plane magnetic field. We propose the approach that allows using of amplitude detector to build a truth table and that consists in adding a reference signal with the fixed initial phase to three information signals. The possibility to scale the device on the example of its work in the range of spin waves with micron and submicron wavelengths is demonstrated.
Локальное анодное окисление кремния для создания кроссбар-архитектуры
Authors: Полякова В.В. , Саенко А.В.
Published: June 2022

Paper present possibility of creation a neuromatrix in the form crossbar architecture on a silicon substrate is shown. Crossbar architecture in the form of a set of nanosized conductors, between which there is a layer of titanium oxide, capable of changing its conductivity under the action of the applied voltage, it is proposed to form using the method of local anodic oxidation. The results is present of the study technological parameters of the method of local anodic oxidation silicon and titanium for the implementation of the elements of this neuromatrix in the form of a memristor structures.
Формирование неоднородных оксидных и субоксидных слоев на ультратонкой металлической пленке при многократном окислении и ионном распылении
Authors: Лубенченко А.В. , Иванов Д.А. , Лубенченко О.И. , Паволоцкий А.Б. , Лукьянцев Д.С. , Ячук В.А. , Павлов О.Н.
Published: June 2022

A technique of controlled formation of multilayer oxide and suboxide layers on a thin metal film. An opportunity of controlled generation of films containing an ultra-thin suboxide layer inside a higher oxide layer and films being a periodic layered structure with alternating oxide layers of various oxidation levels. A structure containing alternating ultra-thin layers of higher oxide and suboxide layers on a niobium film.
Многослойные зеркала Ru/Sr для спектрального диапазона 9-12 nm
Authors: Шапошников Р.А. , Зуев C.Ю. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

The results of studies of Ru/Sr multilayer mirrors optimized for the working wavelength range of 9-12 nm are presented in the paper. Within the framework of the presented article the strontium based multilayer structures with stable over time reflective characteristics were obtained for the first time. It is shown that Ru/Sr mirrors have the highest reflectance of all known reflective coatings, with the exception of beryllium-containing, in the spectral range of 9-12 nm.
Исследование эмиссионных свойств газоструйных мишеней в водном окне прозрачности" 2.3-4.4 nm при импульсном лазерном возбуждении
Authors: Гусева В.Е. , Нечай А.Н. , Перекалов А.А. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

The article considers the results of studying the emission radiation of Ar, Kr, CO2, CHF3, CF4 and N2 gas jets excited by pulsed laser radiation. The shape of the spectral dependence in the spectral range 2.3–4.4 nm and the emission intensity of a number of lines in absolute units were studied. To excite the targets, a Nd:YAG laser, λ=1064 nm, τ=5.2 ns, Eimp=0.8 J was used. A supersonic conical nozzle with dcr = 450 μm, 2α = 11о, L= 5 mm was used to form a pulsed gas jet. The pressure at the nozzle inlet was 25 bar, which corresponds to the developed condensation of molecular gases in gas jets. The spectra were deciphered and the ions emitting under the given experimental conditions were determined.
Тонкопленочные Al-мишени для лазерно-плазменного источника экстремального ультрафиолетового излучения
Authors: Гарахин С.А. , Лопатин А.Я. , Нечай А.Н. , Перекалов А.А. , Пестов А.Е. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Цыбин Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

Using a multilayer mirror spectrometer of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range, the laser plasma emission spectra of bulk aluminum in the wavelength range of 8.0-18.0 nm were studied. Testing of thin film laser targets made of aluminum and comparative measurements of the intensity of EUV radiation of a film with a thickness of 100 nm and a bulk material target were carried out.
Система визуализации плазменного факела бетатронного источника рентгеновского излучения
Authors: Антюшин Е.С. , Ахсахалян А.А. , Зуев С.Ю. , Лопатин А.Я. , Малышев И.В. , Нечай А.Н. , Перекалов А.А. , Пестов А.Е. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Торопов М.Н. , Уласевич Б.А. , Цыбин Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И. , Соловьев А.А. , Стародубцев М.В.
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the design of a microscope for studying a betatron radiation source based on the PEARL femtosecond laser complex in the SXR and EUV wavelength range. The main optical element of the microscope is a spherical Schwarzschild objective a x5 magnification. The device allows to study the size and spatial structure of the interaction area of laser radiation with matter, at a selected wavelength in the EUV or SXR range with a resolution of δx = 2.75 microns. The operation wavelength (=13.5 nm) is set by multilayer X-ray mirrors. Thin-film absorption filters are used to suppress the background component of the signal.
Перспективные длины волн для проекционной литографии с использованием синхротронного излучения
Authors: Чхало Н.И. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Шапошников Р.А.
Published: June 2022

Promising wavelengths for next-generation lithography with a wavelength shorter than 13.5 nm based on a synchrotron X-ray source are discussed. Theoretical and experimental values of the reflection coefficients of multilayer X-ray mirrors providing the maximum reflectivity in the range of 11.4-3.1 nm are presented. The theoretical efficiency of multilayer optics is compared for different wavelengths.
Изучение влияния энергии ионов аргона на шероховатость поверхности основных срезов монокристаллического кремния
Authors: Михайленко М.С. , Пестов А.Е. , Чернышев А.К. , Зорина М.В. , Чхало Н.И. , Салащенко Н.Н.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of studying the energy dependences of the sputtering yields and the value of the effective surface roughness of single-crystal silicon upon irradiation with argon ions with an energy of 200-1000 eV. As a result of the work, the parameters of ion-beam etching with accelerated Ar ions were determined, providing a high sputtering yield (etching rate) and an effective roughness value in the spatial frequency range 4.9*10-2-6.3*101 μm-1 less than 0.3 nm for the main cuts monocrystalline silicon <1 0 0>, <1 1 0> and <1 1 1>.
Перспективы применения реактивного ионно-пучкового травления плавленого кварца смесью тетрафторметана и аргона для асферизации поверхности оптических элементов
Authors: Михайленко М.С. , Пестов А.Е. , Чернышев А.К. , Перекалов А.А. , Зорина М.В. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

The paper proposes to use the discharge energy for the synthesis of chemically active particles in order to correct the shape and aspherize the surface of optical elements by reactive ion-beam etching. A stand was assembled on the basis of a radio frequency source of accelerated ions KLAN-105M, the design of which allows working with reactive gases. The possibility of increasing the etching rate of fused quartz by more than 5 times compared to ion etching with inert gases by creating a mixture of tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and argon (Ar) in a ratio of 1:1 is shown, while maintaining the initially smooth surface roughness (σeff0.3 nm) in the range of spatial frequencies ν[5.010-2-6.4101 μm-1].
Исследование изменения реальной формы круглых тонкопленочных мембран при реализации метода выдувания
Authors: Дедкова А.А. , Дюжев Н.А.
Published: June 2022

We discuss the study of the sphericity of the real shape of round thin-film membranes when it changes during the bulge testing. Membrane structure: SiNx/SiО2/SiNx/SiО2, pSi*/SiNx/SiO2, Al, etc. We described the technique for determining the areas of deviation of the membrane surface shape from a spherical one, estimating the magnitude and peculiarities of the distribution of the radius of curvature along the membrane diameter. It is shown that the shape of the membranes differs from spherical closer to the edge (perimeter), and in many cases also to the area of the top (center) of the membrane. A trend was found: an increase in the radius of curvature as it approaches the center of the membrane.
Проект двухзеркального монохроматора на диапазон энергий фотонов 8-36 keV для синхротрона "CКИФ"
Authors: Чхало Н.И. , Гарахин С.А. , Малышев И.В. , Полковников В.Н. , Торопов М.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Уласевич Б.А. , Ракшун Я.В. , Чернов В.А. , Долбня И.П. , Ращенко С.В.
Published: June 2022

A project of an X-ray monochromator for the «SKIF» synchrotron based on two flat mirrors with multilayer reflective coatings is reported. The concept of the monochromator is based on the absence of precision mechanical systems and feedthroughs in vacuum, which significantly reduces mirror surface contamination and increases scanning accuracy. In addition, the overall structure of the device is greatly simplified in this way, which in turn leads to a significant reduction in the total cost and labor for manufacturing. The grazing angle of incidence of radiation on the mirrors in the process of scanning by photon energy varies within 0.5-1.3º. The length of the mirrors is 120 mm, the assumed size of the input beam is 1×1 mm2. A wide operating energy range, 8-36 keV, is achieved through the use of 3 strip-mirrors with coatings of different chemical composition, namely: Mo/B4C, W/B4C and Cr/Be. The article presents the X-ray optical scheme, the expected reflection coefficients and spectral selectivity of the monochromator, the results of the calculation of thermally induced surface deformations and the corresponding slope errors of the first mirror.
Методика получения атомарно гладких подложек из монокристаллического кремния методом механического притира
Authors: Чхало Н.И. , Ахсахалян А.А. , Зорина М.В. , Торопов М.Н. , Токунов Ю.М.
Published: June 2022

The paper reports on the developed technique for polishing single-crystal silicon substrates using a mechanical lap. The effective substrate roughness was obtained in the spatial frequency range of 0.025–65 µm-1 at the level of 0.37 nm and 0.18 nm at a frame size on the surface of 2х2 µm2. The result obtained is comparable with the results of chemical-mechanical and dynamic polishing of single-crystal silicon wafers for microelectronics.
Preference of Virtual Reality Games in Psychological Pressure and Depression Treatment: Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Jin Shan , Tan Zijian , Liu Taoran , Chan Sze Ngai , Sheng Jie , Wong Tak-hap , Huang Jian , Zhang Casper J P , Ming Wai-Kit
Published: June 2022

Background

Virtual reality (VR) can be used to build many different scenes aimed at reducing study-related stress. However, only few academic experiments on university students for preference testing have been performed.

Objective

This study aims to assess the preference of VR games for stress and depression treatment using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Methods

A total of 5 different attributes were selected based on the depression therapy parameters and attributes related to VR: (1) treatment modality; (2) therapy duration; (3) perceived remission rate; (4) probability of adverse events; and the (5) monthly cost of adding treatment to a discrete choice experiment. By comparing different attributes and levels, we could draw some conclusions about the depression therapy testing preference for university students; 1 university student was responsible for VR scene development and 1 for participant recruitment.

Results

The utility value of different attributes for “0% Probability of adverse events” was higher than others (99.22), and the utility value of VR treatment as the most popular treatment method compared with counseling and medicine treatment was 80.95. Three parameter aspects (different treatments for depression) were statistically significant (P<.001), including “0%” and “50%” of “Probability of adverse events” and “¥500” (a currency exchange rate of ¥1 [Chinese yuan]=US $0.15 is applicable) of “The monthly cost of treatment.” Most individuals preferred 12 months as the therapy duration, and the odds ratio of “12 months” was 1.095 (95% CI 0.945-1.270) when compared with the reference level (6 months). Meanwhile, the cheapest price (¥500) of depression therapy was the optimum choice for most students.

Conclusions

People placed great preference on VR technology psychological intervention methods, which indicates that VR may have a potential market in the treatment of psychological problems. However, adverse events and treatment costs need to be considered. This study can be used to guide policies that are relevant to the development of the application of VR technology in the field of psychological pressure and depression treatment.
Influence of COVID-19 Protocols on the Efficiency of Trauma Theater: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mohammed Faisal , Mohaddis Momin , Cheruvu Manikandar Srinivas , Morris Richard M , Naim Zahra , Khan Sarfraz , Mushtaq Muhammad Babar , Chandran Prakash
Published: June 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced health care delivery significantly. Numerous studies have highlighted that trauma theater efficiency has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there is limited information as to exactly which stage of the patient theater journey is causing this decreased efficiency and whether efficiency can be improved. In the trauma theater of Warrington Hospital, United Kingdom, we have attempted to maintain trauma theater efficiency despite the requirement for increased infection control.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional COVID-19 infection control protocols on trauma theater efficiency in our center, considering the length of time taken for specific theater events, and to find out whether our interventions were successful in maintaining theater efficiency.

Methods

We compared the efficiency of the trauma theater in a busy unit in December 2019 (pre–COVID-19) and December 2020 (with COVID-19 protocols in place). We collected time logs for different theater events for each patient in December of both years and compared the data.

Results

There was no significant difference in the average number of cases performed per session between the COVID-19 and pre–COVID-19 time periods (P=.17). Theater start time was significantly earlier during the COVID-19 period (P<.001). There was no significant difference between the two periods in transport time, check-in time, preprocedure time, anesthetic time, and the time between cases (P>.05). A significant difference was observed in the check-out time between the two groups in the two time periods, with checking out taking longer during the COVID-19 period (P<.001).

Conclusions

Our results show that our theater start times were earlier during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the overall theater efficiency was maintained despite the additional COVID-19 infection control protocols that were in place. These findings suggest that well-planned infection control protocols do not need to impede trauma theater efficiency in certain settings.
Social Media Users’ Perceptions of a Wearable Mixed Reality Headset During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Jeong Heejin , Bayro Allison , Umesh Sai Patipati , Mamgain Kaushal , Lee Moontae
Published: June 2022

Background

Mixed reality (MR) devices provide real-time environments for physical-digital interactions across many domains. Owing to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, MR technologies have supported many new use cases in the health care industry, enabling social distancing practices to minimize the risk of contact and transmission. Despite their novelty and increasing popularity, public evaluations are sparse and often rely on social interactions among users, developers, researchers, and potential buyers.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to use aspect-based sentiment analysis to explore changes in sentiment during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as new use cases emerged in the health care industry; to characterize net insights for MR developers, researchers, and users; and to analyze the features of HoloLens 2 (Microsoft Corporation) that are helpful for certain fields and purposes.

Methods

To investigate the user sentiment, we collected 8492 tweets on a wearable MR headset, HoloLens 2, during the initial 10 months since its release in late 2019, coinciding with the onset of the pandemic. Human annotators rated the individual tweets as positive, negative, neutral, or inconclusive. Furthermore, by hiring an interannotator to ensure agreements between the annotators, we used various word vector representations to measure the impact of specific words on sentiment ratings. Following the sentiment classification for each tweet, we trained a model for sentiment analysis via supervised learning.

Results

The results of our sentiment analysis showed that the bag-of-words tokenizing method using a random forest supervised learning approach produced the highest accuracy of the test set at 81.29%. Furthermore, the results showed an apparent change in sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic period. During the onset of the pandemic, consumer goods were severely affected, which aligns with a drop in both positive and negative sentiment. Following this, there is a sudden spike in positive sentiment, hypothesized to be caused by the new use cases of the device in health care education and training. This pandemic also aligns with drastic changes in the increased number of practical insights for MR developers, researchers, and users and positive net sentiments toward the HoloLens 2 characteristics.

Conclusions

Our approach suggests a simple yet effective way to survey public opinion about new hardware devices quickly. The findings of this study contribute to a holistic understanding of public perception and acceptance of MR technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight several new implementations of HoloLens 2 in health care. We hope that these findings will inspire new use cases and technological features.
Designing Virtual Reality–Based Conversational Agents to Train Clinicians in Verbal De-escalation Skills: Exploratory Usability Study
Authors: Moore Nathan , Ahmadpour Naseem , Brown Martin , Poronnik Philip , Davids Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Background

Violence and aggression are significant workplace challenges faced by clinicians worldwide. Traditional methods of training consist of “on-the-job learning” and role-play simulations. Although both approaches can result in improved skill levels, they are not without limitation. Interactive simulations using virtual reality (VR) can complement traditional training processes as a cost-effective, engaging, easily accessible, and flexible training tool.

Objective

In this exploratory study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of and barriers to verbal engagement with a virtual agent in the context of the Code Black VR application. Code Black VR is a new interactive VR-based verbal de-escalation trainer that we developed based on the Clinical Training Through VR Design Framework.

Methods

In total, 28 participants with varying clinical expertise from 4 local hospitals enrolled in the Western Sydney Local Health District Clinical Initiative Nurse program and Transition to Emergency Nursing Programs and participated in 1 of 5 workshops. They completed multiple playthroughs of the Code Black VR verbal de-escalation trainer application and verbally interacted with a virtual agent. We documented observations and poststudy reflection notes. After the playthroughs, the users completed the System Usability Scale and provided written comments on their experience. A thematic analysis was conducted on the results. Data were also obtained through the application itself, which also recorded the total interactions and successfully completed interactions.

Results

The Code Black VR verbal de-escalation training application was well received. The findings reinforced the factors in the existing design framework and identified 3 new factors—motion sickness, perceived value, and privacy—to be considered for future application development.

Conclusions

Verbal interaction with a virtual agent is feasible for training staff in verbal de-escalation skills. It is an effective medium to supplement clinician training in verbal de-escalation skills. We provide broader design considerations to guide further developments in this area.
Scaling Up Citizen Workshops in Public Libraries to Disseminate and Discuss Primary Care Research Results: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Massougbodji José , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Adisso Evehouenou Lionel , Sawadogo Jasmine , Borde Valérie , Cameron Cynthia , Moisan Hélène , Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Akbaraly Zamzam , Châteauneuf Lëa-Kim , David Geneviève ,   Bibliothèques2 Group, Légaré France
Published: June 2022

Background

Little is known about engaging patients and stakeholders in the process of scaling up effective knowledge translation interventions targeting the public.

Objective

Using an integrated knowledge translation approach, we aimed to scale up and evaluate an effective pilot program to disseminate research results in public libraries.

Methods

We conducted a scaling-up study targeting the public. On the basis of our successful pilot project, we codeveloped and implemented a large-scale program of free citizen workshops in public libraries, in a close research partnership with stakeholders and patient representatives. Citizen workshops, each facilitated by 1 participating physician and 1 science communicator, consisted of a 45-minute computer-assisted presentation and a 45-minute open exchange. The intervention outcome was knowledge gained. The scale-up outcomes were satisfaction, appropriateness, coverage, and costs. An evaluation questionnaire was used to collect data of interest. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.

Results

The workshop theme chosen by the patient and stakeholder representatives was the high prevalence of medication overuse among people aged ≥65 years. From April to May 2019, 26 workshops were conducted in 25 public libraries reaching 362 people. The mean age of participants was 64.8 (SD 12.5) years. In total, 18 participating physicians and 6 science communicators facilitated the workshops. Participants reported significant knowledge gain (mean difference 2.1, 95% CI 2.0-2.2; P<.001). The median score for overall public satisfaction was 9 out of 10 (IQR 8-10). The public participants globally rated the workshops as having a high level of appropriateness. Coverage was 92% (25/27) of the total number of public libraries targeted. Costs were CAD $6051.84 (US $4519.69) for workshop design and CAD $22,935.41 (US $17,128.85) for scaling them up.

Conclusions

This project successfully established a large-scale and successful implementation science or knowledge translation bridge among researchers, clinicians, and citizens via public libraries. This study provides a model for a dissemination practice that benefits the public by both engaging them in the dissemination process and targeting them directly.