bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fiabilidad y validez de la escala de actitudes hacia el medio ambiente natural para adolescentes (Aman-a)
Authors: Musitu-Ferrer Daniel , Esteban Ibáñez Macarena , León-Moreno Celeste , Callejas Jerónimo Juan Evaristo , Amador-Muñoz Luis V.
Published: June 2020

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir y validar una escala de actitudes hacia el medio ambiente natural en adolescentes españoles. Se generaron 72 ítems a partir de los escritos de 264 adolescentes sobre actitudes hacia el medio ambiente. A través del juicio de expertos y de un estudio piloto se efectuó́ una depuración reduciendo la escala a 9 ítems que se administraron a una muestra de 833 adolescentes de ambos sexos. Mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio, se identificaron dos dimensiones, actitud proximal y actitud distal, que fueron replicadas a través de un análisis confirmatorio cuyos resultados mostraron un buen ajuste a los datos. Los índices de fiabilidad fueron adecuados y respecto de la validez se obtuvieron relaciones significativas con la empatía con el medio ambiente natural en sus dos dimensiones, cognitiva y emocional, y el ajuste escolar. También se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en función del género en la actitud distal, pero no en la actitud proximal. Se analizan los resultados obtenidos y se subraya la importancia de esta escala en la investigación ambiental en la adolescencia. Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale of attitudes towards the natural environment among Spanish teenagers. 72 items were generated from the writings of 264 adolescents on attitudes towards the environment. Through expert judgement and a pilot study, a depuration was carried out, reducing the scale to 9 items that were administered to a sample of 833 adolescents of both sexes. By means of an exploratory Factor analysis, two dimensions were identified, proximal attitude and distal attitude, which were replicated through a confirmatory analysis whose results showed a good fit to the data. Reliability indices were adequate and with respect to validity significant relationships were obtained with empathy with the natural environment in its two dimensions, cognitive and emotional, and school adjustment. Significant gender differences were also found in distal, but not proximal, attitudes. Results obtained are analysed and the importance of this scale in environmental research in adolescence is also highlighted.
A pesquisa em moda e literatura no Brasil: perfil quantitativo, tipologia das abordagens e questões metodológicas
Authors: Tulio Baggio Adriana
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta um perfil quantitativo da pesquisa em moda e literatura no Brasil, com base em informações sobre teses e dissertações defendidas no país desde 1987 (ano do primeiro levantamento disponível na base de dados da Capes). Também aponta e discute os problemas das bases de dados que reúnem informações sobre estes trabalhos e suas consequências para pesquisas que deles se valem na elaboração do “estado da arte". A partir dos resultados encontrados, propõe e opera uma tipologia semiótica das abordagens do tema moda e literatura. Mostra que, dentre as quatro abordagens encontradas, predominam estudos que investigam como a literatura utiliza a moda para falar da própria literatura e de aspectos sociohistóricos. Quanto ao perfil dos trabalhos, eles são principalmente da área de letras/literatura, defendidos em universidades públicas da região sudeste.
Da técnica ao ensino superior: um olhar para a formação em moda no sudeste brasileiro
Authors: Dulci Luciana Crivellari
Published: June 2020

O ensino superior em Design de Moda tem início, no Brasil, por volta dos anos 1990, inicialmente oferecido pela iniciativa privada, em um momento de crescente urbanização, industrialização e demandas de setores do Mercado. A preocupação central deste artigo é refletir sobre a constituição, em nível superior, da formação em Moda no Brasil e evidenciar, através de análises que envolvem o olhar sobre as matrizes curriculares destes cursos, bem como aspectos históricos e sociais, as causas e os objetivos da transposição de uma formação tradicionalmente técnica para o ensino superior. Para essa análise realizou-se uma pesquisa em dados secundários sobre o fenômeno social da moda e as políticas de expansão do ensino superior brasileiro, assim como as matrizes curriculares de bacharelados e cursos tecnológicos em Moda, em instituições públicas e privadas do país.
A arte da performance como ação cultural na escola pública: algumas experiências e os sentidos da subversão no universo escolar
Authors: Teixeira Thiago Camacho
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho apresenta apontamentos teóricos, metodológicos e práticos sobre construções cênicas próprias da linguagem da performance, elaboradas por meio de experiências estético-sensoriais, seus decorrentes relatos e repercussão no interior de escolas públicas localizadas no interior de uma periferia da Zona Sul da cidade de São Paulo/SP. Contempla ainda o diálogo entre artistas, inclusive em formação, comunidades escolar e local, professores, estudantes e sociedade. Enxergando a arte da performance como linguagem e considerando suas tendências transgressoras, o intuito é discutir os sentidos da subversão, em seu sentido literal e simples, em significado mais metalinguístico do que histórico, como um componente próprio da performance no ambiente escolar.
Bionics applied to modeling focuesed on sustainability: contribuitions of the modthink model
Authors: Bilmaia Emidio Lucimar de Fátima , Bertolino Karoline Cristyna Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

The present study displays the result of the application of the methodological phases of the MODThink model by Emídio (2018), in the context of an academic project of the first year of the Fashion Design course at the State University of Londrina. Through the application of the bionic creativity tool, it demonstrates how it was possible to include the concept of the project in product modeling, in addition to contributing to aspects of addressed to sustainability.
Accelerated second-degree bachelor of science in nursing program in South Korea: Current status and future directions
Authors: Yang Seung-Hyeon , Cho Euiyoung , Kim Jin Sook , Lee Hyejung
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of colleges implementing the accelerated second-degree bachelor of science in nursing program in South Korea and provide insight into strategies to improve the program outcomes.Methods: An on-line questionnaire developed for this study was emailed to deans of nursing colleges who were members of the Korean Association of College of Nursing. Questions included items related to nursing college, students, curriculum, and anticipated difficulty in relation to an increase of the number of second-degree students.Results: Out of 117 nursing schools, 33 schools (28.2%) participated in the on-line survey. The actual number of second-degree students and their ratio (about 10%) to regular students significantly increased in 2019. Male students were enrolled nearly twice as many times as regular students. Among the anticipated difficulties, clinical practice institutions (3.94) and clinical practice instructors (3.73) showed relatively higher scores than other difficulties such as teaching (3.58) and education facilities (3.30).Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of nursing education for second-degree students, more nursing faculties and innovative clinical practice support systems are needed. Future study is warranted to investigate the educational experience of second-degree students and graduates.
Nursing students' experiences as dementia partners in volunteer activities: An inductive content analysis
Authors: Kim Dooree , Park Yunhee
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of nursing students who volunteered as dementia partners for elderly persons with dementia.Methods: This qualitative study utilized focus group interviews to investigate the experiences of 20 nursing students who performed dementia partner activities for more than one year. Data were analysed using an inductive content analysis approach based on Elo & Kyngäs.Results: The analysis yielded the following four major themes: “becoming a dementia expert,” “becoming an evangelist for prevention of dementia,” “overcoming prejudices against aged with dementia,” and “acquiring motivation and skills of geriatric nursing” That means the experience as a dementia partner serves as an opportunity to broaden human understanding and shows its potential as a means to complement the effectiveness of practical nursing education.Conclusion: Dementia partner experiences have changed the perception, attitude and behavior of nursing students about the aged with dementia, so there is a need to extend this kind of experience to other students in nursing. Moreover, educational policy support should be continuously provided for this purpose.
Effects of clinical practice stress and moral sensitivity on clinical competency in nursing students
Authors: Song Yeoungsuk , Lee Joon-Young
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore how clinical practice stress and moral sensitivity affect the clinical competency of nursing students.Methods: Participants had completed at least a one year (2 semesters) clinical nursing practicum through K University in D Metropolitan City. A total of 188 nursing students were recruited: third grade (n=104) and fourth grade (n=84). The questionnaires were adopted with clinical practice stress, Korean version of moral sensitivity questionnaire (K-MSQ), and the clinical competency.Results: Clinical competency was positively correlated with patient-oriented care (r=.27, p<.001) and the professional responsibility (r=.32, p<.001) of the moral sensitivity (r=.27, p<.001). The attitude of medical personnel experiencing clinical practice stress shows a significant positive relationship with clinical competency (r=.15, p=.038). The attitude of medical personnel (ß=.09, p=.194) experiencing clinical practice stress, patient-oriented care (ß=.16, p=.041) and professional responsibility (ß=.23, p=.003) of the moral sensitivity explained 12% of the variance in clinical competency (F=9.17, p<.001). Therefore, the influential factors on clinical competency were two sub-factors of moral sensitivity.Conclusion: Moral educational programs should be considered to develop a nursing students' clinical competency.
Emergency nurses’ experience of coping with moral distress
Authors: Lee Na Kyoung , Hwang Jee-In
Published: June 2020

Purpose: We explored emergency nurses’ experiences of coping with moral distress.Methods: A qualitative research design was used. We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 nurses working at a regional emergency medical center in South Korea. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.Results: The main theme of nurses’ coping with moral distress was “a passive emotion-based response.” We also extracted three categories of coping strategies: “uncritical adaptation to anguished situation,” “self-justification for not acting,” and “flight from ethical decision making.”Conclusion: Nurses coped with moral distress in a passive and emotional way, possibly because of perceived incompetence and compliance to an organizational hierarchy. The findings imply that effective approaches to addressing moral distress in emergency nurses are needed at the individual and organizational levels.
The mediating effect of self-regulated learning ability on the relationship between experience of good class and problem solving ability of nursing students
Authors: Park Ju Young , Woo Chung Hee
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of self-regulated learning ability on the relationship between experiencing a good class and problem solving ability in nursing college students.Methods: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure experiencing a good class, self-regulated learning ability, and problem solving ability. During June, 2019, data were collected from 130 nursing students in D city. Data were analyzed using t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0.Results: Importance of good class (r=.50, p<.001), satisfaction of good class (r=.42, p<.001), and self-regulated learning ability (r=.71, p<.001) were positively correlated with the problem solving ability of participants. Also, self-regulated learning ability had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between experiencing a good class and problem solving ability.Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, developing programs that can improve the self-regulated learning ability of nursing students who experience a good class are needed to increase their level of problem solving ability.
Nursing students’ experiences in virtual simulation practice
Authors: Kim Yoonjung , Kim Won Jeong , Min Hye young
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of nursing students’ experiences in virtual simulation practice.Methods: The participants were six nursing students who have experience in a virtual simulation. Data were collected from August to September 2019 through a focus group interview. Giorgi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis.Results: The study results revealed 3 constituents and 6 sub-constituents that are essential for nursing student’s experiences in a virtual simulation. The three constituents were: “Chaos in the virtual reality”, “The process of adjusting to chaos”, and “Becoming an independent nurse in a safe virtual reality”.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the following suggestions are made. Results suggest the development of virtual simulations in Korean, the use of simulations as a group activity first, and the use of simulation between lecture and practice or in the regular curriculum. The results of the study can be used as primary data for providing virtual simulation in nursing education.
Produtos inovadores em microcervejarias situadas no alto Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG
Authors: Maia Ulisses Barros de Abreu , Carvalho João Francisco Sarno , Silva Sheldon William
Published: June 2020

O tema da inovação por parte das microcervejarias ganhou relevância nas últimas décadas alavancado por uma participação crescente da cerveja artesanal ou especial no mercado de bebidas alcoólicas do Brasil, onde a abertura de novos nichos de mercado por meio de novos produtos e serviços tem sido percebida. A necessidade de desenvolver estudos sobre produtos inovadores demonstram grande relevância neste contexto, pois são estes que determinam a sobrevivência e o sucesso de uma empresa no mercado, mais especificamente neste artigo abordaremos os casos das microcervejarias. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar, mapear práticas e processos que contribuam para os processos de inovação na produção das cervejas especiais feitas pelas cervejarias localizadas em uma cidade histórica do alto Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG. Como resultados são apresentados os processos e ações que foram utilizados para que a inovação se concretizasse nestas organizações.
Características comportamentais do empreendedorismo feminino no Vale do Jequitinhonha
Authors: Ferreira Kenia Lima , Coelho André Geraldo da Costa , Coelho Maria das Graças da Silva Costa , Silva Sheldon William , Carvalho João Francisco Sarno
Published: June 2020

Este estudo buscou identificar os perfis empreendedores femininos localizados no Vale do Jequitinhonha, norte do Estado de Minas Gerais e relacioná-los com as teorias de comportamentos empreendedoras propostas por Baker et al. (2005) e McClelland (1985). A pesquisa de cunho exploratório é quantitativa e se optou pelo questionário como instrumento para coleta de dados. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram ser possível relacionar as teorias propostas com os perfis das empreendedoras pesquisadas. As respondentes desta pesquisa têm entendimento acerca das características comportamentais a partir de suas experiências. O entendimento das empreendedoras em relação às teorias de Baker e Nelson se confirma a partir de características de análise do mercado que o seu negócio está inserido. As teorias de McClelland permitiram que as empreendedoras identificassem inúmeras características individuais presentes no seu modo de gestão.
Estágio supervisionado em educação física: conexão entre a teoria e a prática
Authors: Bezerra Marcos Antonio Araújo , Xavier Stéfane dos Santos , Bezerra Gabriela Gomes de Oliveira , Simões Neto José de Caldas , Bottcher Lara Belmudes
Published: June 2020

Vivenciar na prática à docência em educação física proporciona grande crescimento, gerando uma oportunidade única de vivências incríveis com diversos profissionais da sua área ajudando na formação profissional. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar a experiencia de estagio supervisionado em educação física em uma unidade de ensino de Juazeiro do Norte/CE. Trata-se de um relato de experiência vivenciado durante o estágio supervisionado do curso de licenciatura em educação física, especificadamente com alunos de nível médio, nas quais contemplam as atividades teóricas e práticas de ensino da educação física. O resultados apontam para um processo de desafio para o estagiário, na qual ele enfrenta as potencialidades encontradas ao decorrer do estágio, nisso em seu cotidiano escolar o estagiário irá construir e aprofundar a compreensão sobre abordagens e currículos preparados como um norteador para que as aulas sejam ministradas de acordo com a necessidade de cada aprendizado. Conclui-se que a prática do estágio curricular é o momento de descoberta da identidade profissional, desenvolvimento de competências necessárias para todo o percurso profissional.
Historia y Estado de Conservación de las torres Vigías y Defensivas del litoral de Murcia.
Authors: Pérez Lizán Braulio
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo realiza un análisis y estudio de las múltiples torres localizadas en las costas de la Región de Murcia utilizadas para la defensa y vigilancia de las poblaciones costeras ante posibles amenazas. Se tienen en cuenta tanto las fortificaciones construidas por los concejos municipales como aquellas de uso y propiedad privada.

Para este fin, dentro del contexto histórico que dio origen a su construcción se realiza una exhaustiva descripción de las características que debían presentar para maximizar su utilidad ante los peligros marítimos, así como las continuas reparaciones y obras que sufrieron a lo largo del tiempo hasta que las desapariciones de las amenazas provenientes del mar sumieron en el abandono y destrucción a la mayoría de ellas.

Finalmente, se presenta el análisis de los estados actuales de conservación y preservación de las fortificaciones que aún se conservan en la Región de Murcia. Con el objetivo de proteger y dar a conocer a las torres como bienes patrimoniales que deben de ser conservados y custodiados. Estas torres son tratadas como un vestigio de fenómenos pasados que no sólo afectaron a la zona litoral de Murcia, sino también a toda la costa del Mar Mediterráneo.

Palabras Clave: Torre, Corsarios, Defensa, Conservación, Patrimonio Cultural.

In this article, both the fortifications built by the local councils that governed the territory of the old Murcia and those of private use and property are analyses. Beside, these towers are located on the coastline of the Region of Murcia where they were used for the defense and surveillance of the coast in case of any threat.

For this reason, the historical context that caused the building of these defense systems, among other architectonical elements, are explained as well as the characteristics that such towers should have had in order to maximize their usefulness in case of maritime hazard. Moreover the continuous repairs and constructions that they suffered over time until the disappearance of sea threats are illustrated.

Finally, it is important to consider the current estate of conservation and preservation of the fortifications that still survive in the Region of Murcia. In order to protect the public buildings as a cultural and heritage asset that must be preserved and protected. The towers are treated as a remnant of past event that not only affected the littoral zone of Murcia, but also all the coast of the Mediterranean sea.

Key words: Tower, Corsairs, Defence, Preservation, Heritage.
Analytical model to assess the functionality of small farmers’ organizations
Authors: Gómez Wilmer Andrés , Aranda-Camacho Yesid , Barrientos Fuentes Juan Carlos
Published: June 2020

The analytical network process (ANP) was used to analyze the functionality of small farmers’ organizations; 12 experts were consulted to verify the relevance and assign value comparative judgments to the criteria´s of the internal, external and functional sets. Judgments were added through AIJ technique, after of synthesis weights of relative importance for the criteria’s were estimated. The results show that the criteria´s of the internal set are the ones that are most important for the functionality, highlighting the leadership and management capacity, together with the market environment and the achievement of the objectives proposed by the members.
Análisis de la capacidad necesaria en los procesos de tratamiento de aguas mediante programación matemática. Un caso de estudio
Authors: Colomina María , Pérez-Sánchez Modesto , Sanchis Raquel , Díaz-Madroñero Manuel
Published: June 2020

One of the main problems of the water treatment plants is the high energy consumption they have to face. Therefore, reducing energy consumption is an imperative objective for these facilities. This work proposes a mathematical programming model for the capacity planning and the management of water treatment plants using dilution process that will reduce the energy consumption in the aeration phase. This model presents, as a novelty, the inclusion of the time variable, generating a quasi-stationary model that has been applied to a real case study.
¿Resultaría económicamente eficiente un programa de reconversión ecológica para el olivar de montaña andaluz?
Authors: Granado-Díaz Rubén , Villanueva Anastasio J. , Gómez-Limón José A.
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses the efficiency of a possible agri-environmental scheme aimed at promoting the partial or complete abandonment of the agricultural production in mountain olive groves in Andalusia in order to enhance the provision of environmental public goods (biodiversity and soil functionality). The results obtained show that this scheme would generate positive net social gains (public benefits greater than social costs) only if the scheme is focused on low-yield olive farms and includes low to moderate payments (125 and 500 €/ha·year for partial and total abandonment, respectively).
Economy-Wide Impact of Food Processing Industry Exports in Iran
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad , Sassi Maria , Javadi Akram , Javanbakht Ozra , Hayati Boballah
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to analyze the economy-wide impact of an increase in the export of food processing industry in Iran and to compare it to the same increase in oil and gas exports as the main eco-nomic sector. It uses both demand-driven and supply-driven mixed Input-Output models referred to as 2011 SAM framework purposely designed by authors. The results show that an increase in the food pro-cessing industry promotes the production of other sectors and, increases factor employment and house-hold income. The significance of this impact is comparable to a similar shock in the oil and gas sector.
Efecto distancia en la disposición a pagar por la conservación de la biodiversidad: el caso de un área protegida megadiversa
Authors: Orihuela Romero Carlos Enrique , Minaya Carlos Alberto , Mercado Waldemar , Jiménez Luis Alberto , Estrada Milagros , Gómez Harriet Jazmine
Published: June 2020

This research addresses the case of Manu National Park (PNM) in Peru, one of the most biodiverse protected areas worldwide. Applying the choice experiments (CE) method, based on 1.164 surveys in this country, the positive decay effect on the willingness to pay (WTP) was determined for the conservation of the PNM, at least for most of the attributes analyzed. This suggests that in cases of megadiverse areas, WTP for conservation may not be inversely related to the interviewee’s distance since the effect of biodiversity conservation interest would exceed the effect of disinterest associated with distance.
Can life be standardized? Current challenges in biological standardization
Authors: Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel
Published: June 2020

The concept of standard strongly evokes machines, industries, electric or mechanical devices, vehicles, or furniture. Indeed, our technological civilization would not be possible – at least in the terms it is structured today – without universal, reliable components, whose acknowledged use results in competitive costs, robustness and interchangeability. For example, an Ikea screw can be used in a wide set of structurally dissimilar furniture and an app can be run on many different smartphones. The very concept of standardization is linked to the industrial revolution and mass production of goods through assembly lines. The question we will try to answer in the present paper is the extent to which standards and the standardization process can be accomplished in the biological realm.
The long and winding road: Accidents and tinkering in software standardization
Authors: Valverde Sergi
Published: June 2020

Software is based on universal principles but not its development. Relating software to hardware is never automatic or easy. Attempts to optimize software production and drastically reduce their costs (like in hardware) have been very restricted. Instead, highly-skilled and experienced individuals are ultimately responsible for project success. The long and convoluted path towards useful and reliable software is often plagued by idiosyncratic accidents and emergent complexity. It was expected that software standardisation would remove these sources of unwanted diversity by aiming at controllable development processes, universal programming languages, and toolkits of reusable software components. However, limited adoption of development standards suggests that we still do not understand why software is so difficult to produce. Software standardisation has been limited by our poor understanding of humans’ role at the origin of technological diversity.
Adsorpcija amonijum jona i amonijaka iz vodene sredine na bentonitu i mordenitu
Authors: Petrović Rada , Levi Zora , Penavin - Škundric Jelena
Published: June 2020

U radu su prikazani rezultati adsorpcije amonijaka iz vodene sredine na dvarazličita adsorbensa: bentonitu i sintetskom zeolitu mordenitu.Dobijeni eksperimentalni rezultati su testirani primjenom Freundlich-ovog iLangmuir-ovog modela izotermi. Na osnovu vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije (R2)utvrđeno je da se adsorpcija amonijaka iz vode na bentonitu i mordenitu pokoravaFreundlich-ovom adsorpcionom modelu. Rezultati pokazuju da bentonit ima većiadsorpcioni kapacitet nego mordenit.
Adsorpcija jona bakra iz vodenih rastvora vlaknima domaće vune
Authors: Janjic Svetlana
Published: June 2020

Vunena vlakna dobijena od domaćih ovaca rase pramenka su veoma gruba,najvećim dijelom ostaju neiskorištena i tretiraju se kao “otpad”. S druge strane,zagađenje vode teškim metalima predstavlja jedan od najvećih problema u oblastizagađenja vode. U okviru ovog rada ispitivana je sposobnost sorpcije jona bakra izvodenih rastvora pomoću uzorka domaće vune koja je samo oprana i uzorka vunekoja je nakon pranja dodatno odmašćena. Za ispitivanje su korišteni vodeni rastvorijona bakra koncentracije 20 mg/L i 40 mg/L pri pH vrijednosti 5,1. Metodom atomskeapsorpcione spektrometrije (AAS) je mjerena koncentracija jona bakra u rastvorunakon 3, 5, 10, 15 i 30 minuta, kao i nakon 24 časa od potapanja uzorka vune u rastvor.Rezultati su pokazali da vlakna domaće vune imaju dobra adsorpciona svojstva premajonima bakra što ukazuje da je vuna potencijalni adsorbens za uklanjanje jona bakraiz kontaminirane vode.
Tissue-resident macrophages promote extracellular matrix homeostasis in the mammary gland stroma of nulliparous mice
Authors: Wang Ying , Chaffee Thomas S , LaRue Rebecca S , Huggins Danielle N , Witschen Patrice M , Ibrahim Ayman M , Nelson Andrew C , Machado Heather L , Schwertfeger Kathryn L
Published: June 2020

Tissue-resident macrophages in the mammary gland are found in close association with epithelial structures and within the adipose stroma, and are important for mammary gland development and tissue homeostasis. Macrophages have been linked to ductal development in the virgin mammary gland, but less is known regarding the effects of macrophages on the adipose stroma. Using transcriptional profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing approaches, we identify a distinct resident stromal macrophage subpopulation within the mouse nulliparous mammary gland that is characterized by the expression of Lyve-1, a receptor for the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan. This subpopulation is enriched in genes associated with ECM remodeling and is specifically associated with hyaluronan-rich regions within the adipose stroma and fibrous capsule of the virgin mammary gland. Furthermore, macrophage depletion leads to enhanced accumulation of hyaluronan-associated ECM in the adipose-associated stroma, indicating that resident macrophages are important for maintaining homeostasis within the nulliparous mammary gland stroma.
Retrocopying expands the functional repertoire of APOBEC3 antiviral proteins in primates
Authors: Yang Lei , Emerman Michael , Malik Harmit S , McLaughlin Richard N
Published: June 2020

Host-virus arms races are inherently asymmetric; viruses evolve much more rapidly than host genomes. Thus, there is high interest in discovering mechanisms by which host genomes keep pace with rapidly evolving viruses. One family of restriction factors, the APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases, has undergone positive selection and expansion via segmental gene duplication and recombination. Here, we show that new copies of A3 genes have also been created in primates by reverse transcriptase-encoding elements like LINE-1 or endogenous retroviruses via a process termed retrocopying. First, we discovered that all simian primate genomes retain the remnants of an ancient A3 retrocopy: A3I. Furthermore, we found that some New World monkeys encode up to ten additional APOBEC3G (A3G) retrocopies. Some of these A3G retrocopies are transcribed in a variety of tissues and able to restrict retroviruses. Our findings suggest that host genomes co-opt retroelement activity in the germline to create new host restriction factors as another means to keep pace with the rapid evolution of viruses. (163)
Enhancement of conformational B-cell epitope prediction using CluSMOTE
Authors: Solihah Binti , Azhari Azhari , Musdholifah Aina
Published: June 2020

Background

A conformational B-cell epitope is one of the main components of vaccine design. It contains separate segments in its sequence, which are spatially close in the antigen chain. The availability of Ag-Ab complex data on the Protein Data Bank allows for the development predictive methods. Several epitope prediction models also have been developed, including learning-based methods. However, the performance of the model is still not optimum. The main problem in learning-based prediction models is class imbalance.

Methods

This study proposes CluSMOTE, which is a combination of a cluster-based undersampling method and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique. The approach is used to generate other sample data to ensure that the dataset of the conformational epitope is balanced. The Hierarchical DBSCAN algorithm is performed to identify the cluster in the majority class. Some of the randomly selected data is taken from each cluster, considering the oversampling degree, and combined with the minority class data. The balance data is utilized as the training dataset to develop a conformational epitope prediction. Furthermore, two binary classification methods, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree, are separately used to develop model prediction and to evaluate the performance of CluSMOTE in predicting conformational B-cell epitope. The experiment is focused on determining the best parameter for optimal CluSMOTE. Two independent datasets are used to compare the proposed prediction model with state of the art methods. The first and the second datasets represent the general protein and the glycoprotein antigens respectively.

Result

The experimental result shows that CluSMOTE Decision Tree outperformed the Support Vector Machine in terms of AUC and Gmean as performance measurements. The mean AUC of CluSMOTE Decision Tree in the Kringelum and the SEPPA 3 test sets are 0.83 and 0.766, respectively. This shows that CluSMOTE Decision Tree is better than other methods in the general protein antigen, though comparable with SEPPA 3 in the glycoprotein antigen.
Status of coral reefs in Antigua & Barbuda: using data to inform management
Authors: Camacho Ruleo , Steele Sophia , Challenger Shanna , Archibald Mark
Published: June 2020

The nation of Antigua and Barbuda has experienced major degradation of its coral reef ecosystems over the past 40+ years. The primary drivers of this degradation are multiple and are highly linked to anthropogenic influences, including over-exploitation and poor management of marine resources. The effectiveness of management actions in marine protected areas (MPAs) has often been hampered by a lack of data to inform management recommendations. This was emphasized by The Nature Conservancy’s (TNC) Coral Reef Report Card which highlighted not only the lack of data collection in Antigua and Barbuda and other Caribbean nations, but also illustrated how spatially dispersed available datasets are. The government of Antigua and Barbuda recognized the need for a marine data collection program to better inform the designation and management of MPAs as a tool to improve the health of the marine ecosystems. The Atlantic Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocol has been identified as a means to address planning and management for marine areas. Three AGRRA surveys have been conducted in the years following the TNC 2016 report, in previously established managed areas: North East Marine Management Area (NEMMA) in 2017 and Nelson Dockyard National Park (NDNP) in 2019 as well as areas outlined for future management (Redonda in 2018). Our surveys were conducted to provide updated datasets to inform management for the aforementioned areas. While the results of these surveys mirror the underlying poor coral reef-health conditions, which have been shown to exist within the Caribbean region, they also highlight intra-site variation that exists within each survey location. This knowledge can be crucial in guiding management decisions in these marine areas, through zoning and other management prescriptions. Additionally, the marine surveys conducted around Redonda established useful marine baselines to aid in monitoring the island’s recovery following removal of terrestrial invasive species. This article provides an overview of data collected using the AGRRA methodology in marine zones across Antigua and Barbuda which have current or future management prescriptions and provides recommendations to demonstrate the data’s future utilization for marine conservation and management.
Prostate cancer patients can benefit from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor treatment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Tuo , Lin Xueming , Duan Xiaolu , He Zihao , Zhao Zhijian , Zeng Guohua
Published: June 2020

Background

The efficacy and safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) in treating prostate cancer (PCa) have not been fully determined. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 5ARIs for PCa patients.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of online databases was conducted to obtain comparative studies exploring the effectiveness and safety of 5ARIs in treating PCa up to October 2019. Summarized odds ratio s (OR s) or hazard ratio s (HR s) were calculated to compare the outcomes between 5ARI and control groups. Our meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42018109809.

Results

A total of 2,277 patients from 10 studies were included. No significant difference was found in prostate-specific antigen progression between two groups (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.52–1.29], P = 0.40). However, 5ARI treatment significantly reduced the total progression of PCa (OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.48–0.77], P < 0.0001), especially for patients with local (OR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.44–0.73], P < 0.00001) and low-Gleason score (≤7) PCa (OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.48–0.84], P = 0.002). Additionally, 5ARIs also significantly prolonged the progression-free survival time (HR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.34–0.96], P = 0.04) for PCa patients. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of PCa recurrence, metastasis, biopsy reclassification, and side-effects between two groups.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that 5ARI treatment can benefit patients with local and low Gleason score (≤7) PCa, especially in delaying the disease progression. More studies with larger sample size and comprehensive study design are still needed to verify our outcomes.
Determination of Customers’ Arrival and Service Patterns for a Restaurant Food Serving Process
Authors: Odeniyi Latifat A. , Ganiyu Rafiu A. , Omidiora Elijah O. , Olabiyisi Stephen O.
Published: June 2020

Restaurant industry has become one of the most profitable industries in the world where incessant long waiting time may not only lead to customers’ dissatisfactions but also facilitate loosing of customers to other competitors. In this paper, in order to determine customers’ arrival patterns and service patterns which are critical factors in determining customers’ queue length and waiting time for a given restaurant, the food serving process employed at a named International Institute Restaurant (IIR), Ibadan, Nigeria, was used as a case study. Data were collected on customers’ number, customers’ inter arrival time and service time from Monday to Friday for a week. The data were analyzed statistically using the ARENA Input Analyzer to determine the arrival patterns and service patterns of customers within five working days of the week (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday). The results of the data analysis revealed that the arrival times of customers who patronized the IIR on Monday and Tuesday followed a Beta distribution. Furthermore, the arrival times of customers patronizing the IIR on Wednesday and Thursday followed a Weibull distribution while that of Friday assumed an Erlang distribution. Besides, the results of the data analysis revealed that the service times at IIR on Monday and Tuesday followed a Lognormal distribution. Beta, Lognormal and Weibull distributions were recorded in respect of service times characterizing the IIR on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, respectively.
Ameliorative Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Allium sativum (Garlic) Ethanol Extract on Renal Parenchyma of Gentamicin-induced Nephropathic Rats
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Olajumoke Joy Motunrayo
Published: June 2020

To assess ameliorative effects of Ascorbic acid (AA) and Allium sativum ethanol extract (ASEE) on renal parenchyma of gentamicin-induced nephropathic rats.

Thirty Wistar rats (weighing between 180-205 g) were randomly divided into five groups (A-E).  These include Group A administered with 0.9% Normal Saline (0.5 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)), Group B administered with gentamicin (GM, 200 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group C administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and AA (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally, Group D administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and ASEE (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally and Group E administered with GM (200 mg/kg b.w.) i.p. and AA (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally and ASEE (200 mg/kg b.w.) orally. All administrations were done once daily for a period of ten (10) days. The body weight of study animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study period. After the study period, renal tissue of study animals was harvested, weighed, processed, stained using H & E technique. Stained sections were examined under microscope for histopathological changes within the renal parenchyma and were scored using image-J software.

The results of this study showed that exposure to GM results into significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body and renal tissue weight. However, therapeutic exposure to AA and ASEE either as individual or combined treatment regimen culminated into relatively null body and renal tissue weight loss among treatment groups C-E. In addition, exposure to GM precipitates prominent histopathological changes within renal parenchyma of study animals.  As observed with body and renal tissue weight changes, treatment with AA and ASEE also comparatively ameliorate GM-induced nephropathy within renal parenchyma of study animals in treatment groups.

The findings of this study therefore showed that AA and ASEE exhibit ameliorative effect on the renal parenchyma of gentamicin-induced nephropathic rats either as distinct or combined treatment regimen.
Infusing Microbial Consortia on Seed Quality and Seedling Vigour in Pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Raja K. , Anandham R.
Published: June 2020

Aim: Seed treatment with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) is considered to be safe for seed and environment and ecologically sound. To ensure the benefits of the PGPB, studies were conducted in pearlmillet by treating with liquid microbial cultures for enhancing seed germination and seedling vigour.

Methods: The pearlmillet seeds were infused with different concentrations of liquid microbial cultures and their consortia. Also, the bioinoculant infused seeds were treated with chemicals to assess their effect on the microbial population. 

Results: The pearlmillet seeds soaked in equal volume of Azospirillum or phosphobacteria @ 1:50 dilution or Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph (PPFM) @ 1:100 dilution for 18 h have recorded higher germination and seedling vigour. Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph treated seeds have showed higher germination and seedling vigour amid the microbial cultures. In addition, the bioinoculant treated seed viability and vigour were not affected during three months storage. However, the microbial populations in the seed get declined during storage. The microbial consortia comprising of Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and PPFM did not affect the germination rather seedling vigour. Besides, seeds infused with Azospirillum @ 1:50 dilution and PPFM @1:100 dilution (1:1) for 18 h have recorded higher seedling vigour. In addition, seeds soaked in PPFM @1:100 dilution for 18 h followed by polymer coating @ 5 ml kg-1 and carbendazim seed treatment @ 2 g kg-1 of seed had higher germination and seedling vigour. But, the microbial population in the seed was reduced considerably due to the chemical treatment.

Conclusion: The liquid bioinoculants viz., Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and PPFM can be used to pre-inoculate the pearlmillet seeds with required population to be carried over to the field.
O Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de Palmas-TO: uma análise de sua atuação sob a perspectiva da Cidadania Deliberativa
Authors: Moreira André Luís Américo , Júnior Geraldo José Ferreira
Published: June 2020

O modelo democrático, deliberativo e participativo dos Conselhos Municipais no Brasil foi impulsionado com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Tais ambientes tornaram-se campos de excelência para o exercício da cidadania e espaços legítimos de participação, com portas abertas para que a sociedade civil pudesse opinar, deliberar e ser parte ativa do processo de decisão e na construção de políticas públicas. Partindo-se deste contexto, objetivou-se neste estudo, realizar uma análise sobre a participação dos diferentes atores sociais – conselheiros – no Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social (CMAS) do município de Palmas, capital do Tocantins, à luz do conceito de Cidadania Deliberativa. Sendo o CMAS o palco do nosso objeto de estudo, tratou-se também de compreender a percepção dos Conselheiros (biênio 2016-2018) a respeito do funcionamento, dinâmica e objetivos do CMAS. Dentre os métodos investigativos, a pesquisa se valeu de observação direta não participante, aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários e análise documental. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que alguns critérios de cidadania deliberativa foram identificados e bem atendidos; enquanto outros critérios carecem de reflexão no sentido de elevar os níveis de participação social no Conselho estudado.
Muito além da diversão: reflexões sobre a gestão noturna de cidades
Authors: Burgos Pimentel dos Santos Fernando
Published: June 2020

Enquanto grande parte das pessoas dorme, uma parcela da população segue acordada, se divertindo ou trabalhando. Importantes cidades do mundo (como Amsterdam, Londres, Nova York e Paris, por exemplo) já perceberam o valor estratégico que a “noite” possui – tanto para a organização da cidade para o dia seguinte, como para a geração de emprego e renda com atividades específicas – mas a administração pública brasileira segue dando pouca atenção para este período do dia. O artigo descreve a disciplina eletiva “Gestão Noturna de Cidades”, do curso de Graduação em Administração Pública da FGV-EAESP, cuja inspiração foi a proliferação desses “prefeitos noturnos” internacionais. Por meio de um estudo de caso, analisamos a disciplina que tem carga horária total de 50 horas e ocorre durante uma semana, com aulas começando às 19h e terminando às 6h do dia seguinte. Os resultados mostram uma mudança de percepção dos(as) estudantes em relação à noite e à importância da gestão pública nesse período.
Editorial - Da Lagoa da Pampulha às Margens do Rio Salgado: um pouco mais sobre a décima edição da NAU Social
Authors: Social Revista Nau
Published: June 2020

Editorial
A Emergência do Compartilhamento: O Futuro da Sociedade é Colaborativo?
Authors: Ramalho Francisco Rodolfo Xavier , Silva Jr Jeová Torres
Published: June 2020

No presente trabalho buscou-se introduzir a temática emergente da economia do compartilhamento expondo, para isto, três fatores que impulsionaram o seu surgimento: a Internet como forma de compartilhamento de bens e serviços, o momento econômico como necessidade de novas formas de rendimentos e de superar um modelo esgotado por suas crises e a sustentabilidade como meio de gerar uma sociedade mais consciente. Objetivou-se observar a capacidade da economia do compartilhamento de dar início a uma nova forma de se fazer trocas comerciais e mudar os rumos da economia global, criando-se assim uma nova sociedade colaborativa. Para responder às questões levantadas optou-se por pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo em revistas, livros e documentos online do Brasil e, sobretudo, do exterior devido à escassez de publicações nacionais em torno do assunto abordado.