bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Anomalous Photo‐Nernst Effect of Massive Dirac Fermions In HfTe5
Authors: Singh Maanwinder P. , Kiemle Jonas , Xu Chen , Schmunk Waldemar , Dong Qingxin , Chen Genfu , Meng Tobias , Kastl Christoph
Published: December 2023

The quantum geometric Berry curvature results in an anomalous correction to the band velocity of crystal electrons with a corresponding transverse (thermo)electric conductivity. However, time‐reversal symmetry typically constrains the direct observation and exploitation of anomalous transport to magnetic compounds. Here, it is demonstrated the anomalous Hall and Nernst conductivities are essential for describing the optoelectronic transport in thin films of the non‐magnetic, weakly gapped semimetal HfTe5 subject to an external magnetic field. A focused photoexcitation adresses the symmetries of the local Nernst conductivity, which unveils a hitherto hidden, anomalous photo‐Nernst effect of three‐dimensional (3D) massive Dirac fermions. The experimental temperature and density dependencies are compared with a semiclassical Boltzmann transport model. For HfTe5 thin films with the Fermi level close to the gap, the model suggests that the anomalous photo‐Nernst currents originate from an intrinsic Berry curvature mechanism, where the Zeeman interaction effectively breaks time‐reversal symmetry of the massive Dirac fermions already at moderate external magnetic fields.
1D Photonic Topological Insulators Composed of Split Ring Resonators: A Mini Review
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Wang Yuqian , Ke Shaolin , Su Xiaoqiang , Ren Jie , Chen Hong
Published: December 2023

In recent years, topological photonics inspired by electric topological insulators has promoted extensive research on robust electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation and new wave‐functional devices. Optical resonators can significantly confine EM waves and are the basic building blocks for constructing diverse topological structures under a tight binding mechanism. As an artificial “magnetic atom,” the split‐ring‐resonator (SRR) is one of the most attractive optical resonators. SRRs provide an excellent and flexible platform for constructing various topological structures with complex coupling distributions, uncovering abundant topological properties, and innovating practical devices. Here, the realization and fundamental EM responses of the SRR are briefly introduced. Compared to conventional EM resonance elements, the coupling between SRRs depends not only on the coupling distance but also on the orientation angle of the slits. The recent achievements in various low‐dimensional photonic topological structures composed of SRRs are summarized. Furthermore, this review explains the underlying physical principles and discusses progress in topological devices with SRRs, including wireless power transfer, sensing, and switching. Finally, this review provides an overview of the future of SRR topological structures and their impact on the development of novel topological systems and devices.
Gastrulation‐stage alcohol exposure induces similar rates of craniofacial malformations in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Boschen Karen E. , Dragicevich Constance J. , Fish Eric W. , Hepperla Austin J. , Simon Jeremy M. , Parnell Scott E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure during gastrulation (embryonic day [E] 7 in mice, ~3rd week of human pregnancy) impairs eye, facial, and cortical development, recapitulating birth defects characteristic of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). However, it is not known whether the prevalence or severity of craniofacial features associated with FAS is affected by biological sex.

Methods

The current study administered either alcohol (2.9 g/kg, two i.p. doses, 4 hr apart) or vehicle to pregnant C57BL/6J females on E7, prior to gonadal sex differentiation, and assessed fetal morphology at E17.

Results

Whereas sex did not affect fetal size in controls, alcohol‐exposed females were smaller than both control females and alcohol‐treated males. Alcohol exposure increased the incidence of eye defects to a similar degree in males and females. Together, these data suggest that females might be more sensitive to the general developmental effects of alcohol, but not effects specific to the craniofacies. Whole transcriptomic analysis of untreated E7 embryos found 214 differentially expressed genes in females vs. males, including those in pathways related to cilia and mitochondria, histone demethylase activity, and pluripotency.

Conclusion

Gastrulation‐stage alcohol induces craniofacial malformations in male and female mouse fetuses at similar rates and severity, though growth deficits are more prevalent females. These findings support the investigation of biological sex as a contributing factor in prenatal alcohol studies.
Facile Synthesis of Some New Peptidomimetic β3‐and β2,3‐Amino Alcohols Possessing Pyridyl Moiety via Reductive Ring Opening of Pyridyl‐isoxazolidines
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Gupta Naman , Sethi Nidhi , Gupta Vivek , Raj Tilak , Ishar Mohan Paul Singh
Published: December 2023

Regio‐ and stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of C‐(3‐pyridyl)‐N‐phenylnitrone (2) with variedly substituted dipolarophiles (3, 4) were carried out to obtain substituted pyridyl‐isoxazolidines (5–8). Reductive cleavage of pyridyl‐isoxazolidines (5–8) with ammonium formate, methanol−THF solvents, at ambient temperature, in the presence of Pd/C provided a facile route for the synthesis of β3‐and β2,3‐amino alcohols (9–12), with a substitution pattern having pronounced influence on torsional angles. The obtained compounds (9–12) are valuable scaffolds which can be utilized for peptidomimetics. Thus, the present methodology for reductive opening of isoxazolidine ring avoids the disadvantages of using expensive apparatus and hazards involved in the use of hydrogen gas. The preferential formation of amino‐alcohols in case of bicyclic isoxazolidines (8a–c), which precludes any recyclization is rationalized by DFT calculations.
Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Jandaíra Stingless Bee Products (Melipona subnitida, Ducke, 1911): A Brief Review
Authors: de Menezes Dantas Débora , Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa Cristina , Silva Macêdo Nair , de Sousa Silveira Zildene , Rodrigues Bezerra Suieny , Henrique Bezerra Antonio , Lira da Silva José Bruno , Martins da Costa José Galberto , Sarmento Silva Tania Maria , Douglas Melo Coutinho Henrique , Assis Bezerra da Cunha Francisco
Published: December 2023

Melipona subnitida (Ducke, 1911), a species of stingless bee, popularly known as Jandaíra, has a wide distribution in the Brazilian Northeast region, being an important pollinator of the Caatinga biome. This bee produces products such as honey, geopropolis, pollen (saburá) and wax that are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and some studies report the biological properties, as well as its chemical composition. This review aimed to select, analyze and gather data published in the literature focusing on the chemical profile and bioactivities described for M. subnitida products. Data collection was carried out through the Capes Journal Portal platform, using the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Original articles published in English and Portuguese were included, with no time limitation. The chemical composition of M. subnitida products has been investigated through chromatographic analysis, demonstrating the presence of a variety of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, among other classes of secondary metabolites. These products also have several biological activities, including antioxidant, healing, antinociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, antidyslipidemic, antiobesity, antifungal, antibacterial and prebiotic. Among the biological activities reported, the antioxidant activity was the most investigated. These data show that products derived from the stingless bee M. subnitida have promising bioactive compounds. This review provides useful information about the bioactivities and chemical profile of Melipona subnitida bee products, and a direction for future research, which should focus on understanding the mechanisms of action associated with the already elucidated pharmacological activities, as well as the bioactive properties of the main isolate's constituents identified in the chemical composition of these products.
Development of Phenyl‐substituted Isoindolinone‐ and Benzimidazole‐type Cereblon Ligands for Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Nie Xueqing , Zhao Yu , Tang Hua , Zhang Zhongrui , Liao Junzhuo , Almodovar‐Rivera Chelsi M. , Sundaresan Ramya , Xie Haibo , Guo Le , Wang Bo , Guan Hongqing , Xing Yongna , Tang Weiping
Published: December 2023

Thalidomide, pomalidomide and lenalidomide, collectively referred to as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), are frequently employed in proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase‐recruiting ligands. However, their molecular glue properties that co‐opt the CRL4CRBN to degrade its non‐natural substrates may lead to undesired off‐target effects for the IMiD‐based PROTAC degraders. Herein, we reported a small library of potent and cell‐permeable CRBN ligands, which exert high selectivity over the well‐known CRBN neo‐substrates of IMiDs by structure‐based design. They were further utilized to construct bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) degraders, which successfully depleted BRD4 in the tested cells. Overall, we reported a series of functionalized CRBN recruiters that circumvent the promiscuity from traditional IMiDs, and this study is informative to the development of selective CRBN‐recruiting PROTACs for many other therapeutic targets.
Lichenoid mycosis fungoides: Report of a case with lichen planus‐like histopathologic features
Authors: Kianfar Nika , Ghanadan Alireza , Aryanian Zeinab , Etesami Ifa
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Mycosis fungoides is a diagnostic challenge. Herein, we report a case with marked lichenoid features in pathology assessments. After several biopsies and clinicopathologic correlation, the diagnosis of lichenoid mycosis fungoides was made.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a great imitator and mimicks other dermatoses clinically and histopathologically. We report a 61‐year‐old patient with 5‐year history of generalized violaceous patches and plaques. His biopsy revealed a marked lichenoid band‐like infiltrate of inflammatory cells along the basal layer with basal layer vacuolar changes; the diagnosis of lichen planus was first made histopathologically. Several biopsy specimens, clinicopathologic correlation, and immunohistochemistry findings confirmed the diagnosis of lichenoid MF. Awareness of peculiar histopathologic findings of MF is essential to avoid a potential misdiagnosis. When in doubt, multiple biopsies with other diagnostic methods should be employed.
Metallaphotocatalytic Platforms Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Jia Tongtong , Zhao Yukun , Song Wenjing , Zhao Jincai
Published: December 2023

Cooperation of transition metal catalysis with photocatalysis is an emerging powerful approach to achieve coupling reactions for the synthesis of important chemicals. Owing to their facilely modulated structures and properties via reticular chemistry, photoactive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) arise quickly in building metallaphotocatalytic platforms targeting more efficient and sustainable protocol. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent advances in COFs‐based (integrated) platforms to forge carbon‐carbon/heteroatom (C, B, N, O, P, and S, etc.) bonds via a variety of cross‐coupling reactions driven by light, with focuses on the engineering of COFs’ backbone, as well as the organization mode of COFs and metal site promoted catalytic performance. We also highlight the essential role of the underlying electron/energy processes in metallated COFs platforms (M@COFs). Aiming to guide catalysts’ design to achieve more efficient performance or currently challenging transformations, we give our perspectives in this under‐developed yet promising field.
6‐Aryl‐Substituted Harmanium Derivatives as Light‐Up Probes for Fluorimetric DNA Detection and Staining of Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Groß Philipp , Hoffmann Renée S. , Müller Mareike , Schönherr Holger , Ihmels Heiko
Published: December 2023

Nine 6‐aryl‐substituted harmanium derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of 6‐bromoharmane with arylboronic acids and subsequent N2‐benzylation. Depending on the substitution pattern of the aryl group the emission maxima cover a range between λfl=445 and 529 nm with quantum yields of Φfl=<0.01–0.92. The interactions with duplex DNA were investigated by photometric and fluorimetric titrations as well as CD and LD spectroscopy. These ligands bind to DNA by intercalation with binding constants of Kb=1–3×104 M−1. It was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy that the 2‐benzyl‐6‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)harmanium derivative operates as a fluorescent light‐up probe in the complex biological environment of eukaryotic cells, namely in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, as it stains the perinuclear cytoplasm and distinct substructures of the nucleus preferentially as compared with the rest of the nucleoplasm.
Macrocycle‐Based Hierarchically Porous Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Danbo , Wu Yumin , Zhao Yingjie
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are porous crystalline materials. The pores in HOFs are usually non‐covalent extrinsic pores constructed through the formation of the framework. Supramolecular macrocycles with intrinsic pores in their structures are good candidates for constructing HOFs with intrinsic pores from the macrocycles themselves, thus leading to hierarchically porous structures. Combining the macrocycle and HOFs will endow these hierarchically porous materials with enhanced properties and special functionalities. This review summarizes recent advances in macrocycle‐based HOFs, including the macrocycles used for constructing HOFs, the hierarchically porous structures of the HOFs, and the applications induced by the hierarchically HOFs porous structures. This review provides insights for future research on macrocycle‐based hierarchically porous HOFs and the appropriate applications of the unique structures.
Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold
Authors: Dominique Nathaniel L. , Chandran Aruna , Jensen Isabel M. , Jenkins David M. , Camden Jon P.
Published: December 2023

N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (−1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing (< −1 V) or oxidizing (>0.5 V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and −0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.
Synthesis, Structures and Photophysical Properties of Asymmetric Fulvene‐[b]‐fused BODIPYs
Authors: Zhao Mengna , Xu Shaoyu , He Chun , Zhou Yifeng
Published: December 2023

Herein, we developed a one‐pot procedure to synthesize novel fulvene‐[b]‐fused BODIPYs from α‐(2‐alkynylphenyl)‐pyrrole and acylpyrrole, using 5‐exo cyclization as the key transformation. Compared to benzene‐[b]‐fused BODIPYs, although they have similar chemical compositions, their structures and properties significantly differ from each other, which can be attributed to the less aromaticity of the fulvene linker than benzene. Notably, fulvene‐[b]‐fused BODIPY 1 b exhibits helical‐twisted core skeleton, intensified red‐shifted absorption, and peak fluorescence. In addition, the pathway of this one‐pot reaction and the mechanism of POCl3 mediated 5‐exo cyclization have been proposed by a combining experimental and computational study.
Fault detection and diagnosis for chemical processes using dynamic global–local preserving projections
Authors: Chen Youqiang , Yang Fan , Bai Jianjun , Zou Hongbo
Published: December 2023

Most traditional multivariate statistical monitoring methods require an assumption that the observation values at a certain moment and a past moment are statistically independent. However, in actual chemical and biological processes, the sample at a certain moment is often affected by the previous moment. Therefore, given the problem of more false alarms and poor detection ability based on the traditional principal component analysis, this article proposes a dynamic global–local preserving projections (DGLPP) algorithm. Unlike dynamic local preserving projections (DLPP) and dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), DGLPP controls the global and local information retained in the dimensionality reduction data by introducing weight coefficients, which makes the algorithm applicable to more types of industrial processes. Moreover, new parameter determination methods are also proposed for improved detection and diagnosis. Through the improved contribution graph method, we can see the influence degree of each variable on the fault, to monitor and isolate the fault. Finally, by verifying the operation of the multivariable process and two practical cases, the results show that compared with DPCA, DLPP, and global local retained projection (GLPP) methods, the performance under this method has been significantly improved.
The congenital muscular dystrophies
Authors: Topaloğlu Haluk , Poorshiri Bita
Published: December 2023

Background

Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous inherited conditions. Onset is typically within the first year of life. Most CMDs are autosomal recessive, except for de novo dominant mutations in LMNA‐related muscular dystrophy and some collagen‐6‐associated disorders.

Results

CMD is characterized by progressive muscular weakness, hypotonia, multiple contractures with a variable degree, spinal stiffness, delay in motor milestones acquisition, and histologically dystrophic lesions. Also, some forms of CMD may feature structural and myelination abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging, intellectual impairment, and structural abnormalities of the eye. Muscle biopsy specimens exhibit a dystrophic pattern, but the appearance is quite variable depending on the different stages and severity of the disorder. The prevalence of CMD is estimated to be one in 100 000 people. Over the last few years, with advances in molecular genetic diagnostics, knowledge about neuromuscular disorders, particularly CMDs, has increased dramatically. Thus, the incidence may be higher than originally thought.

Conclusion

This article reviews the recent achievements related to the clinical, diagnostic, pathogenic, and therapeutic aspects of CMDs.
Cache allocation policy based on user preference using reinforcement learning in mobile edge computing
Authors: Li Nianxin , Zhai Linbo , Song Shudian , Zhu Xiumin , Li Yumei , Yang Feng
Published: December 2023

In mobile edge computing (MEC), due to the limited computing resources and power of mobile augmented reality (MAR) devices, cache identification results which can reduce power consumption and executing time of mobile devices are the solution to process MAR tasks. In this paper, we study an allocation cache problem in MAR systems. The allocation cache problem is formulated as maximizing the cache utility of cache hit ratio and user preference factor. To solve this problem, a cache resource allocation and cache space adjustment policy for edge computing systems is proposed. We also propose an improved double deep Q‐network (DDQN) algorithm to learn this policy. Simulation results show that the policy greatly improves the cache hit ratio compared with the traditional caching policy.
Applications of dialectical behavioural therapy in the perinatal period: A scoping review
Authors: Hellberg Samantha N. , Bruening Amanda B. , Thompson Katherine A. , Hopkins Tiffany A.
Published: December 2023

Psychological distress is the most common complication of pregnancy. High‐risk concerns can include severe emotion dysregulation, suicidality and self‐injury, and health risk behaviours, which bear substantial consequences for caregivers and families. Yet, effective, comprehensive interventions for high‐risk caregivers have received limited attention. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a frontline treatment for such concerns. Accordingly, we conducted a scoping review on the implementation of DBT in the perinatal period. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Seven studies were identified; study designs included case studies and single‐arm pilot trials. Most studies used DBT‐informed protocols with significant adaptations, few included multiple components of DBT (i.e. skills group, individual therapy, phone coaching and consultation team), and none met criteria for adherent delivery of all four modes of DBT treatment. Findings suggest DBT‐informed interventions may be successfully implemented to treat a range of perinatal mental health symptoms, including borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety, and post‐traumatic stress, and to promote emotion regulation and positive parenting behaviours. While results provide preliminary support for perinatal DBT, this literature is scant and empirical rigour considerably lacking. Clinical implications and future directions are outlined to aid researchers and providers in addressing the ongoing perinatal mental health crisis and developing sorely needed interventions to address the needs of high‐risk caregivers.
Tailoring the Brønsted acidity of Ti−OH species by regulating Pt−TiO2 interaction
Authors: Meng Fanchun , Yang Xinchun , Zhao Shichao , Li Zhuo , Qi Yuntao , Yang Huimin , Qin Yong , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2023

Bifunctional catalysts comprising metal and acid sites are commonly used for many reactions. Interfacial acid sites impact intermediate reactions more than other sites. However, controlling the type and amounts of interfacial acid sites by regulating metal‐support interaction (MSI) via traditional methods is difficult. Thus, the influence of MSI on interfacial acid sites remains unclear. We prepared Pt‐mTiO2/α‐Al2O3 (m represents the cycle number of TiO2) catalysts via atomic layer deposition (ALD). New Brønsted acid sites were generated via Pt−TiO2 interaction, and the acidity was precisely regulated by regulating Pt−TiO2 interaction by changing the TiO2 nanolayer thickness. We chose levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation as a model reaction. The catalytic activity varied with the TiO2 nanolayer thickness and was linearly correlated with the Ti−OH species (Brønsted acid) content. Pt‐40TiO2/α‐Al2O3, with the highest acid site content of 0.486 mmol/g, exhibited the best catalytic activity. Hydrogen spillover and water dissociation at the Pt−TiO2 interface promoted Ti−OH species generation.
A novel extendable multilevel inverter for efficient energy conversion with fewer power components: Configuration and experimental validation
Authors: Meraj Sheikh Tanzim , Yu Samson Shenglong , Rahman Md. Siddikur , Arefin Ahmed Amirul , Lipu Molla Shahadat Hossain , Trinh Hieu
Published: December 2023

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are widely used in various sectors of power electronics. Some major benefits of using MLI are the high‐quality voltage output, harmonic reduction, and efficiency. However, MLIs also bear a range of disadvantages including an excessive number of components, high total standing voltage (TSV), and complicated control scheme. Thus, a novel cross‐switched neutral point clamped (CSNPC) nine‐level inverter is proposed. Many of the suggested MLIs use a large number of DC supplies and additional switches that are not fully utilized and generate high power loss. However, the proposed MLI topology has a smaller number of power electronic switches and DC supplies, leading to higher energy efficiency. Moreover, a simplified high frequency modulation technique, named hysteresis‐band‐based discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) is devised to control the proposed MLI. This modulation scheme has effectively minimized capacitor voltage imbalance. Furthermore, the designed structure is extendable to a modular MLI, without any additional H‐bridge circuit. To verify its benefits over other recent similar types of MLIs, a thorough comparison is presented for the number of components and power losses. The proposed MLI has showed 95.54% efficiency, and the modular CSNPC can achieve a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 6.43%.
Outage and throughput performance analysis of smart UAV‐assisted full‐duplex NOMA‐based energy harvesting cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Bag Jayanta , Samanta Dipak , Kumar De Chanchal , Chandra Abhijit
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the throughput and outage performance for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐assisted non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐based hybrid cognitive radio (CR) network are examined under m‐Nakagami fading channel. To be more specific, a secondary source transmitter (
) broadcasts a NOMA‐enabled mixed signal to secondary destinations via UAV relay, which operates in full‐duplex (FD) mode and employs decode‐and‐forward protocol. In our approach, an energy harvesting (EH) circuit is employed at both
and UAV to harvest energy from the PU radio frequency (RF) signals. These secondary transmitters are also incorporated with energy detector (ED) circuit as well, which detects the activity of the primary user (PU). The status of PU to be busy or idle is confirmed on the basis of the energy detector's results. In turn, this drives
and UAV to switch between underlay and overlay protocols in an adaptive manner to increase spectrum efficiency (SE). The closed form mathematical expressions of the secondary outage probability for NOMA‐based UAV equipped CR networks under imperfect successive interference cancellation (i‐SIC) conditions have been evaluated. The administration of the power allocation policy at the
and UAV is assessed while maintaining the PU quality of service (QoS). Finally, MATLAB simulation testbed has been used to verify all the analytical closed form expressions.
Mechanical properties and fracture surface roughness of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting
Authors: Qian Yijin , Jia Peng , Mao Songze , Lu Jialiang
Published: December 2023

In order to understand the mechanical properties and the fracture surface roughness characteristics of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting, dynamic Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on granite samples after thermal treatment at 25, 200, 400, and 600°C. Results show that the dynamic peak splitting strength of thermally damaged granite samples increases with increasing strain rate, showing obvious strain‐rate sensitivity. With increasing temperature, thermally induced cracks in granite transform from intergranular cracks to intragranular cracks, and to a transgranular crack network. Thermally induced damages reduce the dynamic peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy while increasing the peak radial strain. The fracture mode of the thermally damaged granite under dynamic loads is mode II splitting failure. By using the axial roughness index , the distribution ranges of the wedge‐shaped failure zones and the tensile failure zones in the fracture surfaces under dynamic Brazilian splitting can be effectively identified. The radial roughness index is sensitive to the strain rate and temperature. It shows a linear correlation with the peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy and a linear negative correlation with the peak radial strain. can be used to quantitatively estimate the dynamic parameters based on the models proposed.
Synthesis, Reactivity and Application of Vinyl Sulfoximines and Vinyl Aminosulfoxonium Salts
Authors: Gais Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2023

The combination of a sulfonimidoyl and aminosulfoxonium group with a double bond renders vinyl sulfoximines and vinyl aminosulfoxonium salts particularly versatile classes of compounds in organic synthesis. The discussion of vinyl sulfoximines includes in addition to the synthesis, the Michael reaction and its application in asymmetric synthesis, the synthesis, structure and application of α‐lithiovinyl sulfoximines, the nickel‐catalyzed and copper‐mediated anionic cross‐coupling reaction of α‐metallovinyl sulfoximines, the synthesis of acyclic and cyclic dienyl vinyl sulfoximines and the ring‐closing metathesis, the hydroalumination and reductive Pauson‐Khand reaction, the nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction, the vinyl‐allyl isomerization, the cycloaddition, and the cyclization. The discussion of vinyl aminosulfoxonium salts includes in addition to the synthesis, the Michael reaction, the ethylenation of protic nucleophiles, the synthesis of allyl aminosulfoxonium salts and the nucleophilic substitution, the synthesis of allyl aminosulfoxonium ylides and the imino ester aziridination, the synthesis of vinyl aminosulfoxonium ylides, the synthesis of alkynes and dihydrofurans, the nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction, and the intramolecular substitution of the amino group.
Single‐nanoparticle electrochemical collision for study of the size‐dependent activity of Au nanoparticles during hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Bai Yi‐Yan
Published: December 2023

Identifying the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of an individual nanoparticle is essential to reveal the structure‐activity relations of catalysts. However, it is challenging as the performance of catalysts is typically evaluated with ensembles, providing an elusive averaged response of complex catalyst‐modified electrodes. Herein, a single‐nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)‐based method was employed to characterize the electrocatalysis of citrate‐capped Au NPs with six different particle sizes, and investigate the size‐dependent electrocatalytic activity of Au NPs toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the single‐particle level. Results showed that the geometric activity of Au NPs showed a decreasing trend as the size increased from 5 nm to 40 nm, consisting with the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) data that the onset potentials and potentials to reaching at HER currents of 50 μA cm−2 shifted negatively as the size of Au NPs increased. Also noteworthy is that the measured geometric activity of single Au NP toward HER was 5~6 orders of magnitude higher than the ensemble data derived from the LSV tests. The extraordinary enhancement of catalytic activity is believed to originate from the high accessible surface area of monodispersed Au NPs. Hence, the proposed SNEC‐based method could investigate the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of NPs in solution at the single‐particle level, and achieve true size‐activity correlation, which may provide effective guidance for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts.
Critical flicker fusion in patients with epilepsy under antiseizure medication
Authors: Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Schuler Mailin , Mighali Matteo , Intravooth Tassanai
Published: December 2023

Objective

Critical flicker frequency (CFF) and flicker frequency (FF) are used as indicators for the neurotoxic adverse events of drugs in pharmacology. In this pilot study, we investigated whether patients with epilepsy (PWE) treated with various antiseizure medications (ASM) had significantly different CFFs compared with healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the appropriateness of CFF as an objective measurement tool in PWE who reported adverse events according to the adverse event profile (AEP).

Methods

Patients receiving regular antiseizure treatment at our center, along with healthy controls, were included in this study. Clinical neurotoxic symptoms, AEP scores, and serum ASM levels were assessed in the PWE group. We used a CFF device that produced a red‐black, green‐black, blue‐black, or white‐black flicker. CFF and FF were compared between PWE and healthy controls. In PWE, the correlation of alterations in CFF and FF with AEP results and through ASM serum concentrations was calculated.

Results

A total of 33 PWE and 20 healthy controls participated in the study. Except for two light modalities, CFF and FF were significantly reduced in PWE compared with controls. CFF and FF did not differ significantly between PWE with AEP scores >44 points and those with lower scores. CFF and FF levels did not correlate with changes in AEP scores, serum concentrations, or doses.

Significance

CFF and FF distinguished PWE with ASM from healthy controls. No clinically relevant differentiation was detected in the heterogenous PWE group. To investigate whether CFF and FF may serve as subtle indicators of neurotoxicity or specific modes of action, additional studies are needed in more homogenous PWE groups.
Design of an effective air electrode using highly porous carbon‐aerogel on carbon cloth for oxygen intake toward improved reaction kinetics of aluminum‐air battery
Authors: Pandey Anant Prakash , Rani Bharti , Sharma Minakshi , Yadav Jitendra Kumar , Saini Priyanka , Shalu  , Dixit Ambesh
Published: December 2023

One of the greatest alternatives to Li‐ion batteries is an Al‐air battery as it is more economically feasible and less toxic together with relatively better electrochemical performance. The design of the cell and the selection of electrode for improved electrochemical performance are the primary factors influencing the performance of the Al‐air battery. The present study focuses on designing an efficient air cathode host to lengthen the battery's lifespan using highly porous carbon aerogel. Initially, the carbon aerogel (CA) material is synthesized using sol‐gel polymerization process and characterized using XRD, RAMAN, SEM, and BET. The synthesized CA is used to fabricate the electrode stacking using the in‐house‐built Al‐air cell. The performance of carbon aerogel coated on carbon cloth as air cathode has been evaluated using a galvanostatic discharge of the assembly at different current rates, and the specific capacity is recorded. The highest specific capacity observed is ~683 mAh g−1 at 2.551 mA cm−2 current density. The acquired results demonstrate the superiority of the present electrodes material compared to currently used air electrode. The improved electrochemical stability and the robust pore network in CA allow oxygen to pass through the cathode end for chemical reaction. Overall, this enhances kinetics and makes the interactions between oxygen and aluminum easier to generate higher current.
Characterizing the Microplastic Content of Biosolids in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Letwin Nicholas V. , Gillespie Adam W. , Ijzerman Moira M. , Kudla Yaryna M. , Csajaghy Joel D. , Prosser Ryan S.
Published: December 2023

The application of biosolids to agricultural land has been identified as a major pathway of microplastic (MP) pollution to the environment. Very little research, however, has been done on the MP content of biosolids within Canada. Fifteen biosolid samples from different treatment processes (liquid, dewatered, pelletized, and alkali-stabilized) were collected from 11 sources across southern Ontario to quantify and characterize the MP load within them. All samples exhibited MP concentrations ranging from 188 200 (±24 161) to 512 000 (±28 571) MPs/kg dry weight and from 4122 (±231) to 453 746 (±38 194) MPs/kg wet weight. Field amendment of these biosolids can introduce up to 3.73 × 106 to 4.12 × 108 MP/ha of agricultural soil. There was no significant difference in the MP concentrations of liquid, dewatered, and pelletized samples; but a reduction in MP content was observed in alkali-stabilized biosolids. Fragments composed 57.6% of the MPs identified, while 36.7% were fibers. In addition, MPs showed an exponential increase in abundance with decreasing size. Characterization of MPs confirmed that polyester was the most abundant, while polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylamide, and polyurethane were present across the majority of biosolid samples. The results of the present study provide an estimate of the potential extent of MP contamination to agricultural fields through the amendment of biosolids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:793–806. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
6G‐edge support of Internet of Autonomous Vehicles: A survey
Authors: Ibn‐Khedher Hatem , Laroui Mohammed , Alfaqawi Mohammed , Magnouche Ahlam , Moungla Hassine , Afifi Hossam
Published: December 2023

With the commercial deployment of 5G mobile communication systems, 6G is proposed to meet the needs of new use cases including connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). In this article, we surveyed different 6G embracing technologies such as mobile edge computing, unmanned aerial vehicles, network function virtualization, software defined networking, and artificial intelligence that can enhance the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles (IoAV) network performance comparing to existing 5G enabled solutions. Then, we highlight the convergence path of 6G and IoAV to satisfy the next generation of CAV applications. Further, we propose 6G cellular communication to support the quality of next IoAV applications. Furthermore, the article attempts to study the serious challenges in the 6G‐IoAV research field and propose potential future directions.
Chronic hepatitis C elimination prison initiative: HCV‐intensive test and treat, a whole prisoner population HCV test‐and‐treat program in England
Authors: Halford Rachel , Christensen Lee , Cox Sean , Sheehan Julia , Brew Iain , Gillyon‐Powell Mark , Threadgold Georgia , O'Moore Éamonn , Troke Philip J. F. , Jones Andy
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim

Prison residents are at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV test‐and‐treat initiatives within prisons provide an opportunity to engage with prison residents and achieve HCV micro‐elimination. The aim of the prison HCV‐intensive test and treat initiative was to screen over 95% of all prison residents for HCV infection within a defined number of days determined by the size of the prison population and to initiate treatment within 7−14 days of a positive HCV RNA diagnosis.

Methods

An HCV‐intensive test and treat toolkit was developed based on learnings from pilot HCV‐intensive test and treat events. From January 2020 to September 2021, 13 HCV‐intensive test and treat events took place at prisons in England selected based on high levels of reception blood‐borne virus testing and good access to peers from The Hepatitis C Trust.

Results

Among a total of 8487 residents, 8139 (95.9%) underwent testing for HCV. Across the 13 prisons included, HCV antibody and RNA prevalence was 8.2% and 1.5%, respectively. The treatment initiation rate among HCV RNA‐positive individuals (n = 124) was 79.0%.

Conclusion

The HCV‐intensive test and treat initiative presented here provides a feasible and rapid test‐and‐treat process to achieve HCV elimination within individual prisons. The HCV‐intensive test and treat toolkit can be adapted for rapid HCV testing and treatment events at other prisons in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
Skin microcirculatory responses: A potential marker for early diabetic neuropathy assessment using a low‐cost portable diffuse optical spectrometry device
Authors: Vasudevan Vysakh , Unni Sujatha Narayanan
Published: December 2023

Diffuse optical measurement is an evolving optical modality providing a fast and portable solution for microcirculation assessment. Diffuse optics in static and dynamic modalities are combined here in a system to assess hemodynamics in skin tissues of control and diabetic subjects. The in‐house developed system consists of a laser source, fiber optic probe, a low‐cost avalanche photodiode, a finite element model (FEM) derived static optical property estimator, and a software correlator for continuous flow monitoring through microvasculature. The studies demonstrated that the system quantifies the changes in blood flow rate in the immediate skin subsurface. The system is calibrated with in vitro flow models and a proof‐of‐concept was demonstrated on a limited number of subjects in a clinical environment. The flow changes in response to vasoconstrictive and vasodilative stimuli were analyzed and used to classify different stages of diabetes, including diabetic neuropathy.
The mediation roles of intermuscular fat and inflammation in muscle mitochondrial associations with cognition and mobility
Authors: Tian Qu , Lee Philip R. , Yang Qi , Moore Anne Z. , Landman Bennett A. , Resnick Susan M. , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: December 2023

Background

Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to brain and muscle health through inflammation or fat infiltration in the muscle, both of which are associated with cognitive function and mobility. We aimed to examine the association between skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and cognitive and mobility outcomes and tested the mediation effect of inflammation or fat infiltration.

Methods

We analysed data from 596 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants who had concurrent data on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and cognitive and mobility measures of interest (mean age: 66.1, 55% women, 24% Black). Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was assessed as post‐exercise recovery rate (kPCr) via P31 MR spectroscopy. Fat infiltration was measured as intermuscular fat (IMF) via CT scan and was available for 541 participants. Inflammation markers [IL‐6, C‐reactive protein (CRP), total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or albumin] were available in 594 participants. We examined the association of kPCr and cognitive and mobility measures using linear regression and tested the mediation effect of IMF or inflammation using the mediation package in R. Models were adjusted for demographics and PCr depletion.

Results

kPCr and IMF were both significantly associated with specific cognitive domains (DSST, TMA‐A, and pegboard dominant hand performance) and mobility (usual gait speed, HABCPPB, 400 m walk time) (all P < 0.05). IMF significantly mediated the relationship between kPCr and these cognitive and mobility measures (all P < 0.05, proportion mediated 13.1% to 27%). Total WBC, neutrophil count, and ESR, but not IL‐6 or CRP, also mediated at least one of the cognitive and mobility outcomes (all P < 0.05, proportion mediated 9.4% to 15.3%).

Conclusions

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is associated with cognitive performance involving psychomotor speed. Muscle fat infiltration and specific inflammation markers mediate the relationship between muscle mitochondrial function and cognitive and mobility outcomes. Future studies are needed to confirm these associations longitudinally and to understand their mechanistic underpinnings.
Automated data analysis of unstructured grey literature in health research: A mapping review
Authors: Schmidt Lena , Mohamed Saleh , Meader Nick , Bacardit Jaume , Craig Dawn
Published: December 2023

The amount of grey literature and ‘softer’ intelligence from social media or websites is vast. Given the long lead‐times of producing high‐quality peer‐reviewed health information, this is causing a demand for new ways to provide prompt input for secondary research. To our knowledge, this is the first review of automated data extraction methods or tools for health‐related grey literature and soft data, with a focus on (semi)automating horizon scans, health technology assessments (HTA), evidence maps, or other literature reviews. We searched six databases to cover both health‐ and computer‐science literature. After deduplication, 10% of the search results were screened by two reviewers, the remainder was single‐screened up to an estimated 95% sensitivity; screening was stopped early after screening an additional 1000 results with no new includes. All full texts were retrieved, screened, and extracted by a single reviewer and 10% were checked in duplicate. We included 84 papers covering automation for health‐related social media, internet fora, news, patents, government agencies and charities, or trial registers. From each paper, we extracted data about important functionalities for users of the tool or method; information about the level of support and reliability; and about practical challenges and research gaps. Poor availability of code, data, and usable tools leads to low transparency regarding performance and duplication of work. Financial implications, scalability, integration into downstream workflows, and meaningful evaluations should be carefully planned before starting to develop a tool, given the vast amounts of data and opportunities those tools offer to expedite research.
Dual‐Site Passivation for Bright and Stable Blue‐emitting CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets
Authors: Yun Rui , Sun Wenda , Lu Haolin , Li Yue , Liu Yuling , Huang Qian , Zhang Libing , Li Xiyan
Published: December 2023

Blue‐emitting perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are important components of high‐definition display device, but their instability to light and moisture severely hinders the commercial application. Here, a dual‐site passivation strategy is proposed and the halogen–halogen bond to surface capping molecules is applied. The bi‐functional molecule with a fluorine group and carboxyl group on the phenyl ring, would form a shell‐like molecular structure covering the nanocrystal surface at halogen and lead site via halogen‐halogen bond and coordination effect, respectively. Considering the binding strength and acid dissociation constant of several fluoro acids, the optimal optical properties and film stability confirm the para‐fluorobenzoic acid molecule provides the most effective protection for initial perovskite products account for their stronger anchoring affinity and more comprehensive surface coverage. Consequently, this work sheds light on the molecular functionality and configuration are crucial for surface properties of perovskite NCs.
ATR‐dependent ubiquitin‐specific protease 20 phosphorylation confers oxaliplatin and ferroptosis resistance
Authors: Tang Jianing , Long Guo , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Xiao Liang , Zhou Ledu , Tao Yongguang
Published: December 2023

Oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance is a major clinic challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ferroptosis is a kind of iron‐dependent cell death. Triggering ferroptosis is considered to restore sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, we found that USP20 was overexpressed in OXA‐resistant HCC cells. High expression of USP20 in HCC was associated with poor prognosis. USP20 contributes OXA resistance and suppress ferroptosis in HCC. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of USP20 triggered ferroptosis and increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to OXA both in vitro and in vivo. Coimmunoprecipitation results revealed that the UCH domain of USP20 interacted with the N terminal of SLC7A11. USP20 stabilized SLC7A11 via removing K48‐linked polyubiquitination of SLC7A11 protein at K30 and K37. Most importantly, DNA damage‐induced ATR activation was required for Ser132 and Ser368 phosphorylation of USP20. USP20 phosphorylation at Ser132 and Ser368 enhanced its stability and thus conferred OXA and ferroptosis resistance of HCC cells. Our study reveals a previously undiscovered association between OXA and ferroptosis and provides new insight into mechanisms regarding how DNA damage therapies always lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting USP20 may mitigate the development of drug resistance and promote ferroptosis of HCC in patients receiving chemotherapy.