bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas de desarrollo de las zonas rurales de Rumanía basadas en la media móvil autorregresiva (ARMA)
Authors: Dumitru Eduard Alexandru , Sterie Cristina , Sima Adriana Elena
Published: August 2024

El campo se considera como el preservador de las tradiciones y costumbres locales y tiene una especial importancia cultural que no puede cuantificarse ni apreciarse en su justo valor. Además de este aspecto, contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria y mitiga los efectos del cambio climático. Quizá el componente más importante del campo sea la población rural, que tiende a disminuir como consecuencia del creciente proceso de urbanización, lo que podría crear importantes desequilibrios tanto en términos de seguridad alimentaria como de medio ambiente. Rumanía sigue teniendo una elevada proporción de población rural (45,6 %) y se enfrenta a grandes dificultades para retenerla, debido a la falta de empleo, las deficientes infraestructuras y el alto grado de envejecimiento de la población. El artículo pretende identificar las perspectivas de desarrollo rural en el periodo 2021-2027, que es el tercer periodo de programación en el que participa Rumanía. También pretende desarrollar un modelo econométrico para explicar en qué medida la población rural se ve influida por distintas variables, teniendo en cuenta el equilibrio que debe existir entre las zonas urbanas y rurales. Para esto, se utilizó el método de regresión lineal y el modelo de previsión ARMA (Auto-regressive Moving Average). La estimación del modelo determinado en este estudio no puede representar valores exactos de lo que ocurrirá en el año 2027, sino que permite comprender las perspectivas y direcciones en las que se proyectan las variables analizadas, con el fin de establecer medidas adecuadas para mitigar o limitar los daños. Según la tendencia del análisis resultante, el declive demográfico continuará durante el periodo previsto, a menos de que se tomen algunas medidas para revitalizar las zonas rurales.
Global Stability and Forced Response Analysis of Swirling Flows in Aviation Combustors
Authors: Patki Parth A. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C.
Published: August 2024

Swirling jets are canonical flow fields used to stabilize flames in many gas-turbine combustion systems. These flows amplify background acoustic disturbances and perturb the flame, producing combustion noise and potentially combustion instabilities. Hydrodynamic flow response to acoustic excitations in reacting flows is an important modeling task for understanding combustion noise and combustion instabilities. This study utilizes a global hydrodynamic stability analysis in a biglobal and triglobal framework to model the vortical hydrodynamic modes of a reacting, swirling large eddy simulations (LES) mean-flow based on a commercial nozzle. After conducting an unforced, natural biglobal stability analysis to study the unstable eigenmodes of the flow, linearized equations of motion are used to study flow response of the flow to forcing. An empirical velocity transfer function is constructed by determining the flow response to a harmonically varying 150−1500 Hz u′ velocity disturbance at the inflow boundary. These disturbances are strongly amplified, with amplification factors ranging from about 20 to 50 and peaking at about 1050 Hz, or St=0.375. A comparison study with a Cartesian, three-dimensional (3D) reacting base-flow is also performed where the base-flow varies spatially in three-dimensions. The study utilizes a stable, high accuracy, but computationally effective centered finite difference scheme based on a three-dimensional structured mesh. Illustrative results present the qualitative modes and quantitative transfer functions for Biglobal and Triglobal stability analyses.
Experimental Study of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Cofiring Characteristics Using Different Types of Single Nozzles of F-Class Practical Gas Turbine Combustors
Authors: Lee Sanghyup , Park Jungkeuk , Park Seik , Choi Nakjeong , Shin Jugon
Published: August 2024

Recent research on cofiring natural gas and hydrogen, a carbon-free clean fuel, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aging gas turbine power generation, a key energy issue. This approach can enhance old gas turbines and increase the proportion of combined cycle power plant utilization as coal-fired power plants in Korea gradually shut down. This study seeks optimal operating conditions for mixed fuels without modifying the F-class gas turbine combustor. Experiments were conducted using four different types of fuel nozzles (F-Class DLN combustors) under varying loads and cofiring rates. The test used actual machine operating conditions from 30% to 100% thermal load, with hydrogen cofired with natural gas up to 70% at each load. OH high-speed imaging and an OH-PLIF technique analyzed flame structure and characteristics. Dynamic pressure was measured to check combustion instability, and exhaust gas emissions were evaluated for combustion characteristics. Key findings include critical cofiring rates for each nozzle based on NOx emission levels and combustion dynamics. As the hydrogen cofiring rate increased, flame length decreased, and NOx levels rose rapidly beyond 30%vol. Dynamic pressure oscillations showed no significant variations compared to natural gas combustion. This study successfully derived a characteristic operation map for a single nozzle based on the hydrogen cofiring rate.
Cracking Behavior of Environmental Barrier Coatings/Ceramic Matrix Composite System Using Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Panakarajupally Ragav P. , Morscher Gregory N. , Shi Jun
Published: August 2024

An investigation into the cracking behavior of advanced environmental barrier coating/woven SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) system under uni-axial tension testing was performed in this study. The effect of substrate (CMC) condition on the coating behavior was also studied. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) were implemented as health monitoring techniques to gain detailed insights into the fracture process of the coating and to identify the origin and location of the fracture events. Fluorescent penetrant inspection was used in situ in some cases to help identify cracks. Post-test microscopy was performed to correlate the results with DIC and AE. It was evident that for the as-produced woven substrate, the EBC coating cracked prior to substrate cracking; however, for the altered surface substrate, the CMC substrate formed matrix cracks prior to the EBC coating.
Periodic Solutions of Wave Propagation in a Strongly Nonlinear Monatomic Chain and Their Novel Stability and Bifurcation Analyses
Authors: Zhang Bingxu , Zhu Weidong
Published: August 2024

A modified incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is used to determine periodic solutions of wave propagation in discrete, strongly nonlinear, periodic structures, and solutions are found to be in a two-dimensional hyperplane. A novel method based on the Hill’s method is developed to analyze stability and bifurcations of periodic solutions. A simplified model of wave propagation in a strongly nonlinear monatomic chain is examined in detail. The study reveals the amplitude-dependent property of nonlinear wave propagation in the structure and relationships among the frequency, the amplitude, the propagation constant, and the nonlinear stiffness. Numerous bifurcations are identified for the strongly nonlinear chain. Attenuation zones for wave propagation that are determined using an analysis of results from the modified IHB method and directly using the modified IHB method are in excellent agreement. Two frequency formulae for weakly and strongly nonlinear monatomic chains are obtained by a fitting method for results from the modified IHB method, and the one for a weakly nonlinear monatomic chain is consistent with the result from a perturbation method in the literature.
Water isotope ratios reflect convection intensity rather than rain type proportions in the pantropics
Authors: Yu Wusheng , Guo Rong , Thompson Lonnie G. , Zhang Jingyi , Lewis Stephen , Jing Zhaowei , He Junmei , Ma Yaoming , Xu Baiqing , Wu Guangjian , Zhou Xu , Tang Wenjun , Wang Qiaoyi , Ren Pengjie , Zhang Zhuanxia , Qu Dongmei
Published: August 2024

Against the traditional view, a recently published theory argued that isotope ratios are higher in convective precipitation but lower in stratiform precipitation and proposed that isotope ratios reflect rain type proportions. This theory has been widely cited despite some early reservations. Whether the theory represents a faithful reflection of signals of water isotope ratios remains unclear. Here, we reassess its validity from different timescales and broader observations from the pantropics. Unexpectedly, our findings contradict the theory on daily, monthly, and even annual timescales. Pantropical precipitation isotope ratios remain strongly correlated to convection intensity but are independent of rain type proportions because stratiform precipitation isotope ratios cover a large range of values. We find that the theory has many serious weaknesses related to preferential data selection and suggest that new theories need to be validated at more locations on different timescales before gaining widespread acceptance.
Parsing digital or analog TCR performance through piconewton forces
Authors: Akitsu Aoi , Kobayashi Eiji , Feng Yinnian , Stephens Hannah M. , Brazin Kristine N. , Masi Daniel J. , Kirkpatrick Evan H. , Mallis Robert J. , Duke-Cohan Jonathan S. , Booker Matthew A. , Cinella Vincenzo , Feng William W. , Holliday Elizabeth L. , Lee Jonathan J. , Zienkiewicz Katarzyna J. , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Hwang Wonmuk , Lang Matthew J. , Reinherz Ellis L.
Published: August 2024

αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) principally recognize aberrant peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCs) on unhealthy cells, amplifying specificity and sensitivity through physical load placed on the TCR-pMHC bond during immunosurveillance. To understand this mechanobiology, TCRs stimulated by abundantly and sparsely arrayed epitopes (NP
366–374
/D
b
and PA
224–233
/D
b
, respectively) following in vivo influenza A virus infection were studied with optical tweezers. While certain NP repertoire CD8 T lymphocytes require many ligands for activation, others are digital, needing just few. Conversely, all PA TCRs perform digitally, exhibiting pronounced bond lifetime increases through sustained, energizing volleys of structural transitioning. Optimal digital performance is superior in vivo, correlating with ERK phosphorylation, CD3 loss, and activation marker up-regulation in vitro. Given neoantigen array paucity, digital TCRs are likely critical for immunotherapies.
High-sensitivity luminescent temperature sensors: MFX:1%Sm
2+
(M = Sr, Ba, X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Cui Lizhi , Dong Zhijie , Yu Dechao , Wang Yuhua , Meijerink Andries
Published: August 2024

The use of lanthanide luminescence has advanced the field of remote temperature sensing. Luminescence intensity ratio methods relying on emission from two thermally coupled energy levels are popular but suffer from a limited temperature range. Here, we present a versatile luminescent thermometer: Ba(Sr)FBr(Cl):Sm
2+
. The Sm
2+
ion benefits from multiple thermally coupled excited states to extend the temperature range and has strong parity-allowed 4f
6
→4f
5
5d
1
absorption to increase brightness. We conduct a comparative analysis of the temperature sensing performance of Sm
2+
in BaFBr, BaFCl, SrFBr, and SrFCl and address the role of concentration, host, and Boltzmann equilibration. Different thermal coupling schemes,
5
D
1
-
5
D
0
and 4f
5
5d
1
-
5
D
0
, and temperature-dependent lifetimes enable accurate sensing between 350 and 800 kelvin. Differences in 4f
5
5d
1
-
5
D
0
energy gap allows optimization for a temperature range of interest. This type of Sm
2+
-based thermometer holds great potential for temperature monitoring in the wide and relevant range up to 500°C.
Development and preclinical validation of 2-deoxy 2-[
18
F]fluorocellobiose as an
Aspergillus
-specific PET tracer
Authors: Shah Swati , Lai Jianhao , Basuli Falguni , Martinez-Orengo Neysha , Patel Reema , Turner Mitchell L. , Wang Benjamin , Shi Zhen-Dan , Sourabh Suman , Peiravi Morteza , Lyndaker Anna , Liu Sichen , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Williamson Peter R. , Swenson Rolf E. , Hammoud Dima A.
Published: August 2024

The global incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased over the past few decades, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity.
Aspergillus fumigatus
is one of the most common and deadliest IFI pathogens. Major hurdles to treating fungal infections remain the lack of rapid and definitive diagnosis, including the frequent need for invasive procedures to provide microbiological confirmation, and the lack of specificity of structural imaging methods. To develop an
Aspergillus
-specific positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent, we focused on fungal-specific sugar metabolism. We radiolabeled cellobiose, a disaccharide known to be metabolized by
Aspergillus
species, and synthesized 2-deoxy-2-[
18
F]fluorocellobiose ([
18
F]FCB) by enzymatic conversion of 2-deoxy-2-[
18
F]fluoroglucose ([
18
F]FDG) with a radiochemical yield of 60 to 70%, a radiochemical purity of >98%, and 1.5 hours of synthesis time. Two hours after [
18
F]FCB injection in
A. fumigatus
pneumonia as well as
A. fumigatus
, bacterial, and sterile inflammation myositis mouse models, retained radioactivity was only seen in foci with live
A. fumigatus
infection. In vitro testing confirmed production of β-glucosidase enzyme by
A. fumigatus
and not by bacteria, resulting in hydrolysis of [
18
F]FCB into glucose and [
18
F]FDG, the latter being retained by the live fungus. The parent molecule was otherwise promptly excreted through the kidneys, resulting in low background radioactivity and high target-to-nontarget ratios at
A. fumigatus
infectious sites. We conclude that [
18
F]FCB is a promising and clinically translatable
Aspergillus
-specific PET tracer.
Streamlining marker-less allelic replacement in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
through a single transformation step strategy: easyJanus
Authors: Chembilikandy Vipin , D'Mello Adonis , Tettelin Hervé , Martínez Eriel , Orihuela Carlos J.
Published: August 2024

The ability to genetically manipulate bacteria is a staple of modern molecular microbiology. Since the 2000s, marker-less mutants of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
Spn
) have been made by allelic exchange predominantly using the

kan
R
-rpsL

cassette known as “Janus.” The conventional Janus protocol involves two transformation steps using multiple PCR-assembled products containing the Janus cassette and the target gene’s flanking DNA. We present an innovative strategy to achieve marker-less allelic replacement through a single transformation step. Our strategy involves integrating an additional copy of the target’s downstream region before the Janus cassette, leading to a modified genetic arrangement. This single modification reduced the number of required PCR fragments from five to four, lowered the number of assembly reactions from two to one, and simplified the transformation process to a single step. To validate the efficacy of our approach, we implemented this strategy to delete in
Spn
serotype 4 strain TIGR4 the virulence gene
pspA,
the entire capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus
cps4
, and to introduce a single-nucleotide replacement into the chromosome. Notably, beyond streamlining the procedure, our method markedly reduced false positives typically encountered during negative selection with streptomycin when employing the traditional Janus protocol. Furthermore, and as consequence of reducing the amount of exogenous DNA required for construct synthesis, we show that our new method is amendable to the use of commercially available synthetic DNA for construct creation, further reducing the work needed to obtain a mutant. Our streamlined strategy, termed easyJanus, substantially expedites the genetic manipulation of
Spn
facilitating future research endeavors.

IMPORTANCE

We introduce a new strategy aimed at streamlining the process for marker-less allelic replacement in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, a Gram-positive bacterium and leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections. Our approach involves a modified genetic arrangement of the Janus cassette to facilitate self-excision during the segregation step. Since this new method reduces the amount of exogenous DNA required, it is highly amendable to the use of synthetic DNA for construction of the mutagenic construct. Our streamlined strategy, called easyJanus, offers significant time and cost savings while concurrently enhancing the efficiency of obtaining marker-less allelic replacement in
S. pneumoniae
.
Paleoseamounts in Yarlung Zangbo suture zone reveal dynamic processes of the Early Cretaceous Neo-Tethys lithosphere
Authors: Fan Xiaolong , Li Xianghui , Mattern Frank , Li Xin , Wei Zhen , Zheng Chenyu
Published: August 2024

Dynamic processes of the oceanic crust of seamounts trapped in continental sutures are poorly understood. The discovery and analysis of seamount sequences in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone allowed us to detect vertical lithospheric movements of the eastern Neo-Tethys Ocean. In this study, we used petrological, geochemical, facies, paleontological, and stratigraphic methods to study composite blocks of mafic and sedimentary rocks in the Zhongba area of Xizang, China. Radiolarian fossils indicate an (early) Early Cretaceous age. Petrofacies and geochemistry show that most basalts occur as pillow lava and are enriched in light rare earth elements and high field strength elements, which suggests an oceanic-island basalt tectonic setting. Sedimentary lithofacies are grouped into breccias, shales, cherts, and limestones (ooid and cortoid grainstone microfacies). Three types of contact between basaltic basements and caps were identified as regular, talus, and erosive. These results demonstrate that two more superposed seamounts exist in the western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone than was known previously, and they comprise at least eight seamount sequences of basalts to sediments. Cap lithofacies and seamount textures illustrate that overall, the Zhongba paleo-seamounts record multiple cycles of abrupt deepening to shallowing, with water depth variations of ~3000 m to ~5 m due to multiple episodes of quick subsidence and uplift of seamounts (lithospheric “ups and downs”). The model of oceanic bypass recurrence and plume rejuvenation is hypothesized to explain the dynamic subsidence and uplift. While plume activities produced the mafic basement and considerable buoyancy-related lift, oceanic crust bypassed drift, created distance from the plumes, and led to cooling, loss of buoyancy, and rapid subsidence. This model provides a new approach to interpret the evolution of oceanic crusts that have disappeared.
Colloidal Quantum Dots: 4. Colloidal Quantum Dots and Basic Photoluminescence Laws
Authors: Razumov V. F. , Tovstun S. A.
Published: August 2024

A brief review of the well-known laws and rules of photoluminescence is given, and it is shown that these laws usually do not hold for CQD solutions. It has been shown that this is due to a special mechanism for the formation of the luminescent properties of CQDs. The derivation of a new universal law of photoluminescence, applicable to any type of luminophores, which has recently been substantiated theoretically and verified experimentally using the example of CQDs, is presented.
Population-based cancer incidence and mortality rates and ratios among adults with intellectual disabilities in Scotland: a retrospective cohort study with record linkage
Authors: Ward Laura McKernan , Cooper Sally-Ann , Sosenko Filip , Morrison David , Fleming Michael , McCowan Colin , Robb Katie , Hanna Catherine R , Hughes-McCormack Laura , Dunn Kirsty , Conway David , Henderson Angela , Smith Gill , Truesdale Maria , Cairns Deborah
Published: August 2024

Objective

To provide contemporary data on cancer mortality rates within the context of incidence in the population with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

Scotland’s 2011 Census was used to identify adults with intellectual disabilities and controls with records linked to the Scottish Cancer Registry and death certificate data (March 2011–December 2019). The control cohort without intellectual disabilities and/or autism were used for indirect standardisation and calculation of crude incident rates/crude mortality rates, and age–sex standardised incident rate ratios/standardised mortality ratios (SIR/SMR), with 95% CIs.

Results

Adults with intellectual disabilities were most likely diagnosed cancers of digestive, specifically colorectal (14.2%), lung (9.3%), breast (female 22.9%), body of the uterus (female 9.3%) and male genital organs (male 17.6%). Higher incident cancers included metastatic cancer of unknown primary origin (female SIR=1.70, male SIR=2.08), body of uterus (female SIR=1.63), ovarian (female SIR=1.59), kidney (female SIR=1.85) and testicular (male SIR=2.49). SMRs were higher, regardless of a higher, similar or lower incidence (female SMR=1.34, male SMR=1.07). Excess mortality risk was found for colorectal (total SMR=1.54, male SMR=1.59), kidney (total SMR=2.01 u, female SMR=2.85 u), female genital organs (SMR=2.34 (ovarian SMR=2.86 u, body of uterus SMR=2.11), breast (female SMR=1.58) and metastatic cancer of unknown primary origin (female SMR=2.50 u, male SMR=2.84).

Conclusions

Adults with intellectual disabilities were more likely to die of cancer than the general population. Reasons for this may include later presentation/diagnosis (so poorer outcomes), poorer treatment/compliance or both. Accessible public health approaches are important for people with intellectual disabilities, and healthcare professionals need to be aware of the different cancer experiences faced by this population.
Utilisation of eye health services and compliance with spectacles wear among community school adolescents: a mixed-methods study from Bagmati province of Nepal
Authors: Khatri Bijay , Shrestha Rajan , Suwal Rinkal , Kayastha Manish , Sharma Samata , Khadka Deepak , Upadhyay Madan Prasad
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aims to determine the factors influencing eye care service utilisation and compliance with spectacles wear among school students.

Design

Mixed-methods study.

Setting

27 community schools from 6 districts of Bagmati province of Nepal.

Participants

Adolescents with mild vision impairment who were screened at schools by their trained peers for visual acuity measurement and subsequently received subsidised spectacles for refractive error correction. For the quantitative study, 317 students from 21 schools completed the survey. For qualitative study, 62 students from 6 schools participated in 6 focus group discussions.

Primary outcome measures

Utilisation of eye care services and compliance with spectacles wear.

Results

Among 317 students, 53.31% were aged 15–19, and 35.96% were male. More than half (52.68%, n=167) did not use eye health services. Among students who did not go, 51.50% reported eye health facilities being far away. Thematic analysis showed that distance, COVID-19 and awareness were influential in the utilisation of eye care. The multivariate analysis showed urban residents were likelier (adjusted OR (AOR) 4.347, 95% CI 2.399 to 7.877, p<0.001) to use eye care services. During an unannounced visit to schools after 3–4 months of spectacles distribution, 188 (59.31%) students were wearing spectacles. 20.16% of students not wearing spectacles reported they did not feel the need. Thematic analysis showed the influence of family and peers, affordability, aesthetic appearance, comfortability and symptomatic relief in spectacles compliance. The multivariate analysis showed that urban residents (AOR 2.552, 95% CI 1.469 to 4.433, p<0.001), older adolescents (AOR 1.758, 95% CI 1.086 to 2.848, p=0.022), mothers with paid jobs (AOR 2.440, 95% CI 1.162 to 5.125, p=0.018) and students visiting eye care centres (AOR 1.662, 95% CI 1.006 to 2.746, p=0.047) were more likely to be compliant with spectacles wear.

Conclusions

There are multiple barriers for students to use eye care services and stay compliant with spectacles wear. Eye health programmes should include eye health promotion and be accessible, affordable and equitable.
Axial gravitational quasi-normal modes of spherically symmetric black hole in f(R) gravity and its optical appearance
Authors: Wang Tongzheng , Cui Yuhao , Guo Sen , Lin Kai
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the axial gravitational perturbations originating from spherically symmetric black holes in f(R) gravity, along with the optical appearance of such a black hole. The aim is to search for evidence of the existence of these black holes in astrophysical observations and thereby test the correctness of the f(R) theory. In literature Kalita and Mukhopadhyay (Eur Phys J C 79:877, 2019), the spherically symmetric black hole metric in f(R) gravity is obtained. By comparing it with the metric for spherically symmetric black holes in general relativity, we find that the modification of gravity due to f(R) can be described in this black hole spacetime using a parameter $$C_f$$

C
f

. Next, we study axial gravitational perturbations in this spacetime and successfully derive a decoupled axial perturbation equation. We also discuss the impact of f(R) gravity on the quasi-normal mode frequencies. Additionally, we have also investigated the optical appearance of the black hole. We discuss the impact of the parameter $$C_f$$

C
f

on the observable characteristics of the accretion disk. In principle, both of these effects can be observed using gravitational wave detectors and astronomical telescopes.
Anisotropic compact stellar model: a vanishing complexity approach
Authors: Das Shyam , Sarkar Nayan , Das Amit , Pal Shyamal Kumar
Published: August 2024

In this article, we develop a new class of solutions that describe stellar structures of recently observed pulsars. We adopt the condition of the vanishing complexity proposed by Herrera (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018) and an appropriate metric potential for generating the solutions. The solutions which are obtained from the complexity-free conditions, are physically well-behaved and satisfy all the rigorous conditions to describe static and spherically symmetric realistic compact objects. The features of observed anisotropic compact stars including Vela X-1, LMC X-4, Cen X-3, and EXO 1785-248 are validated with our model. It is further shown that the solutions supporting matter configurations are physically plausible, stable with positive anisotropy, and in an equilibrium state as verified by investigating the generalized TOV equation in the case of our model.
Anatomizing Deep Learning Inference in Web Browsers
Authors: Wang Qipeng , Jiang Shiqi , Chen Zhenpeng , Cao Xu , Li Yuanchun , Li Aoyu , Ma Yun , Cao Ting , Liu Xuanzhe
Published: August 2024

Web applications have increasingly adopted Deep Learning (DL) through
in-browser inference
, wherein DL inference performs directly within Web browsers. The actual performance of in-browser inference and its impacts on the Quality of Experience (
QoE
) remain unexplored, and urgently require new QoE measurements beyond traditional ones, e.g., mainly focusing on page load time. To bridge this gap, we make the first comprehensive performance measurement of in-browser inference to date. Our approach proposes new metrics to measure in-browser inference: responsiveness, smoothness, and inference accuracy. Our extensive analysis involves 9 representative DL models across Web browsers of 50 popular PC devices and 20 mobile devices. The results reveal that in-browser inference exhibits a substantial latency gap, averaging 16.9 times slower on CPU and 4.9 times slower on GPU compared to native inference on PC devices. The gap on mobile CPU and mobile GPU is 15.8 times and 7.8 times, respectively. Furthermore, we identify contributing factors to such latency gap, including underutilized hardware instruction sets, inherent overhead in the runtime environment, resource contention within the browser, and inefficiencies in software libraries and GPU abstractions. Additionally, in-browser inference imposes significant memory demands, at times exceeding 334.6 times the size of the DL models themselves, partly attributable to suboptimal memory management. We also observe that in-browser inference leads to a significant 67.2% increase in the time it takes for GUI components to render within Web browsers, significantly affecting the overall user QoE of Web applications reliant on this technology.
ZWAL: RethinkingWrite-ahead Logs for ZNS SSDs with Zone Appends
Authors: Doekemeijer Krijn , Ren Zebin , Tehrany Nick , Trivedi Animesh
Published: August 2024

KV-stores are extensively used databases that require performance stability. Zoned Namespace (ZNS) is an emerging interface for flash storage devices that provides such stability. Due to their sequential write access patterns, LSM trees, ubiquitous data structures in KV stores, present a natural fit for the append-only ZNS interface. However, LSM-trees achieve limited write throughput on ZNS. This limitation is because the largest portion of LSM-tree writes are small writes for the write-ahead log (WAL) component of LSMtrees, and ZNS has limited performance for small write I/O. The ZNS-specific zone append operation presents a solution, enhancing the throughput of small sequential writes. Still, zone appends are challenging to utilize inWALs. The storage device is allowed to reorder the data of zone appends, which is not supported by WAL recovery. Therefore, we need to change the WAL design to support such reordering.
Optimization of Transformer Windings Based on FEA‐XGBoost and NSGA‐III Algorithm
Authors: Bai-di Shi , Yong-feng Jiang , Jing-yu Shang , Ye-feng Bao , Bing-yan Chen , Ke Yang
Published: August 2024

Power transformers are indispensable components for energy transmission and voltage regulation. Since the leakage impedance affects the short‐circuit current, magnetic leakage distribution, and manufacturing cost, the accurate calculation of transformer impedance is vital for transformer design. Generally, leakage impedance is mainly decided by the design parameters of the windings, both analytically and numerically. In most given literature studies, the leakage impedance was optimized and analyzed by adjusting the design parameters of the windings without considering the consequent influence on transformer loss and manufacturing costs. A multiobjective optimization model considering the leakage impedance, manufacturing cost, and operating loss of the windings is presented in this paper. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model is built using 2048 finite‐element analysis (FEA) samples and utilized as a leakage impedance predictor. XGBoost shows better accuracy and consumes much less time compared to analytical and FEA methods. Subsequently, the presented multiobjective model is optimized using multiobjective algorithms and the NSGA‐III shows the best performance among the NSGA‐II, MOPSO, and MODE. The results show that the leakage impedance is closer to the required value. Besides, the winding manufacturing cost and loss are meanly decreased by 4.7% and 4.1%, respectively, in the engineering case.
Two Postpartum Blood Collection Devices: The Brass‐V Drape and MaternaWell Tray—As Experienced by Birth Attendants and Birthing Women—A Questionnaire‐Based Randomised Study
Authors: Esau Jade , Morris Timothy , Muller Chris , Els Christine , de Waard Liesl
Published: August 2024

Background. Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable maternal mortality worldwide. Early identification and prompt management of postpartum haemorrhage improve outcomes. Objective assessment of postpartum blood loss is an important step in identifying postpartum haemorrhage. The Brass‐V drape and MaternaWell tray have been designed for routine measurement of postpartum blood loss. The perceived utility and acceptability of these devices to the parturients and birth attendants still begged exploring. Objective. To assess the perceived usefulness and ease of use of a Brass‐V drape versus a MaternaWell tray for the collection of postpartum blood loss. Methods. We conducted a prospective parallel randomised trial, employing a questionnaire to assess the experiences of birth attendants and birthing women who used these devices. The study was conducted at site B midwife obstetric unit in Khayelitsha Cape Town. Pregnant women presenting in early labour were approached for voluntary participation. After informed consent was obtained, participants were randomly assigned to the Brass‐V drape or the MaternaWell tray, which the birth attendant placed after the birth of the baby. Results. There were 63 participants, of which 33 were assigned to the MaternaWell tray and 30 to the Brass‐V drape. Birth attendants indicated a desire to use the MaternaWell tray (30 (90%)) or Brass‐V drape (26 (87%)) in future deliveries. The parturients were also in favour of the future use of MaternaWell tray (33 (100%)) and Brass‐V drape (28 (93%)). Ease of measurement favoured the Brass V‐drape, and ease of placement favoured the MaternaWell tray. Five (8%) participants experienced postpartum haemorrhage, two with the MaternaWell tray and three with the Brass‐V drape. One parturient required hospital transfer. Conclusion. The responses of the birth attendants and parturients were positive. The MaternaWell tray has the benefit of reuse and lower cost and is an acceptable alternative to the Brass‐V drape. Both devices aid in the early recognition of postpartum haemorrhage.
A Review on Software‐Defined Networking for Internet of Things Inclusive of Distributed Computing, Blockchain, and Mobile Network Technology: Basics, Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Potentials
Authors: Shafiq Shakila , Rahman Md. Sazzadur , Shaon Shamim Ahmed , Mahmud Imtiaz , Hosen A. S. M. Sanwar
Published: August 2024

Internet of things (IoT) and software‐defined networking (SDN) are two relatively recent developments in the field of communication technology that have emerged in response to the growing demand for more efficient, flexible, and dynamic network architectures. As both of these concepts are new, they have received increasing attention from academic or industrial sources to emphasize their potential for integration. This study is aimed at reviewing the literature on SDN for IoT (SDN‐IoT) published from 2014 to 2022 and presenting insights and directions for future research, with a particular focus on cloud, fog, and edge computing. The study collects data from Science Direct, IEEE Explore, and Google Scholar and objectively selects 126 papers and conducts metadata analysis. The study articulates the challenges of managing and orchestrating IoT systems and how SDN can be used to address these challenges by enabling dynamic and flexible network configurations. It delineates not only the function of blockchain (BC) technology in securing and managing IoT networks but also how SDN can be utilized to incorporate BC‐based solutions. Additionally, the potential of SDN for mobile networks is explored, which are increasingly being used to support IoT devices. Finally, this study outlines the issues, challenges, and potential future research directions that may present opportunities for the researchers working in this field, underscoring the demand for more in‐depth investigation and advancement.
Table S1 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Representativeness of Study Participants
Table 5 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

OS (days) per tumor response and per tumor type
Table 3 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Tumor responses according to RECIST
Table 2 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Summary of most common AEs (in three or more patients)
Table 1 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
Figure 4 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Swimmer plot showing OS of each patient since the start of MVX-ONCO-1 treatment. *, Number of patients who have theoretically reached the time point of interest at the cutoff date. Patients lost to follow-up are included.
Figure 2 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Trial profile. A screened population included all patients who were screened. A safety population comprised 34 treated patients who received at least one dose of the study treatment. The ITT set comprised all patients who had received at least one dose (defined as at least 1-day application without removal of the macrocapsules) of the study treatment and for whom a week 6 post-baseline efficacy measurement was available.
Figure 1 from A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Treatment and immune monitoring schema.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Acetalax (Oxyphenisatin Acetate, NSC 59687) and Bisacodyl Cause Oncosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Poisoning the Ion Exchange Membrane Protein TRPM4
Authors: Mizunuma Makito , Redon Christophe E. , Saha Liton Kumar , Tran Andy D. , Dhall Anjali , Sebastian Robin , Taniyama Daiki , Kruhlak Michael J. , Reinhold William C. , Takebe Naoko , Pommier Yves
Published: August 2024

Legends for the Supplementary figures.
Figure 3 from Acetalax (Oxyphenisatin Acetate, NSC 59687) and Bisacodyl Cause Oncosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Poisoning the Ion Exchange Membrane Protein TRPM4
Authors: Mizunuma Makito , Redon Christophe E. , Saha Liton Kumar , Tran Andy D. , Dhall Anjali , Sebastian Robin , Taniyama Daiki , Kruhlak Michael J. , Reinhold William C. , Takebe Naoko , Pommier Yves
Published: August 2024

Plasma membrane permeabilization and mitochondrial changes caused by Acetalax. A, Representative flow cytometry data showing plasma membrane permeabilization induced by Acetalax within 5 minutes as measured by PI assays. Acetalax concentrations are color-coded as indicated. The x-axis shows PI absorbance, and the y-axis shows cell counts. The right shifts of the peaks in the MDA-MB468, BT549, and Hs578T sensitive cell lines indicate increased permeability. B, Flow cytometric mitochondrial membrane potential (MT-1) assay. Acetalax treatments were at 1 μmol/L for 5 and 60 minutes. Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (2 μmol/L for 60 minutes) was used as the positive control. The x-axis shows mitochondrial membrane potential, and the y-axis shows cell counts. The left shifts of the peaks seen in the sensitive cell lines indicate decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, was used as the positive control. C, ATP depletion. Cells were treated with Acetalax 60, 120, and 240 minutes at 1 μmol/L. ATP depletion was calculated as the percentage change compared with the untreated group as measured by CellTiter-Glo 2. D, Mitochondrial fragmentation. Cells were treated with Acetalax for 4 hours at 10 μmol/L. Fragmentation volume percentage was calculated as the total fragmented surface volume divided by the total mitochondrial volume per cell. Percentage of fragmented mitochondria on the y-axis represents the comparison between control and Acetalax-treated groups. A, Significant change in mitochondrial fragmentation is indicated by the brackets. *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0001 (using the Mann–Whitney U test, calculated in Prism 9.0). Center lines indicate medians. FCCP, Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone.
Table 1 from Clinical Efficacy of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Indinavir in Combination with Chemotherapy for Advanced Classic Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial in the Elderly
Authors: Sgadari Cecilia , Scoppio Biancamaria , Picconi Orietta , Tripiciano Antonella , Gaiani Francesca Maria , Francavilla Vittorio , Arancio Angela , Campagna Massimo , Palladino Clelia , Moretti Sonia , Monini Paolo , Brambilla Lucia , Ensoli Barbara
Published: August 2024

Baseline characteristics of study participants
Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers Are Potential Candidate Drugs for Cancer-Induced Cardiac Cachexia
Authors: Li Zhizheng , Peng Xinyi , Zhu Xinyi , Spanos Michail , Wu Lan
Published: August 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are now the second leading cause of death among cancer patients. Heart injury in patients with terminal cancer can lead to significant deterioration of left ventricular morphology and function. This specific heart condition is known as cancer-induced cardiac cachexia (CICC) and is characterized by cardiac dysfunction and wasting. However, an effective pharmacological treatment for CICC remains elusive. Summary: The development and progression of CICC are closely related to pathophysiological processes, such as protein degradation, oxidative responses, and inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers offer unique advantages in reversing heart injury, which is the end-stage manifestation of CICC except the regular treatment. This review outlines significant findings related to the impact of eleven TCM monomers, namely Astragaloside IV, Ginsenosides Rb1, Notoginsenoside R1, Salidroside, Tanshinone II A, Astragalus polysaccharides, Salvianolate, Salvianolic acids A and B, and Ginkgolide A and B, on improving heart injury. These TCM monomers are potential therapeutic agents for CICC, each with specific mechanisms that could potentially reverse the pathological processes associated with CICC. Advanced drug delivery strategies, such as nano-delivery systems and exosome-delivery systems, are discussed as targeted administration options for the therapy of CICC. Key Message: This review summarizes the pathological mechanisms of CICC and explores the pharmacological treatment of TCM monomers that promote anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and pro-survival. It also considers pharmaceutical strategies for administering TCM monomers, highlighting their potential as therapies for CICC.
Evaluation of the population dynamics of blowfly Lucilia purpurascens using life tables conducted in the field and laboratory under various environmental conditions
Authors: Acosta Ximena Gisela del Milagro , Flores Valeria Anahí , Corronca José Antonio , Centeno Néstor Daniel
Published: August 2024

The members of the Calliphoridae family (Insecta: Diptera) have a meaningful impact on human and animal health, and they also have forensic significance. The objective of this work was to provide information to the health system (medical-veterinary) about the life cycle of Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by obtaining life tables that allow analysing its population fluctuations under various environmental conditions in the field and laboratory. For this aim, three replicates of each experience were generated, each consisting of full oviposition. Throughout all seasons of the year, the daily mortality of individuals, from eggs to adults, has been monitored in the field. This was contrasted with laboratory experiences using average seasonal climate data. Using the gathered information, life tables for both sexes were constructed. Most stages of development differed between the seasons investigated in the field and the laboratory, with Postfeeding Larvae and Pupa exhibiting a greater mortality. In all seasons, feeding larval mortality was extremely low. This study demonstrates that imago populations in nature are less abundant than those obtained by laboratory breeding. Despite this, the larvae are successful while eating, and this is the condition that has the biggest impact on the medical-veterinary environment.