bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy after PD‐1 inhibitors in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Outcomes and clonal evolution dynamics
Authors: Calabretta Eleonora , Guidetti Anna , Ricci Francesca , Di Trani Martina , Monfrini Chiara , Magagnoli Massimo , Bramanti Stefania , Maspero Davide , Morello Lucia , Merli Michele , Di Rocco Alice , Graudenzi Alex , Derenzini Enrico , Antoniotti Marco , Rossi Davide , Corradini Paolo , Santoro Armando , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo
Published: April 2022

Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are routinely employed in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Nonetheless, persistent long‐term responses are uncommon, and one‐third of patients are refractory. Several reports have suggested that treatment with CPIs may re‐sensitize patients to chemotherapy, however there is no consensus on the optimal chemotherapy regimen and subsequent consolidation strategy. In this retrospective study we analysed the response to rechallenge with chemotherapy after CPI failure. Furthermore, we exploratively characterized the clonal evolution profile of a small sample of patients (n = 5) by employing the CALDER approach. Among the 28 patients included in the study, 17 (71%) were primary refractory and 26 (92%) were refractory to the last chemotherapy prior to CPIs. Following rechallenge with chemotherapy, response was recorded in 23 (82%) patients experiencing complete remission and 3 (11%) patients experiencing partial remission. The tumour evolution of the patients inferred by CALDER seemingly occurred prior to the first cycle of therapy and was characterized either by linear or branching evolution patterns. Twenty‐five patients proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. At a median follow‐up of 21 months, median PFS and OS were not reached. In conclusion, patients who fail CPIs can be effectively rescued by salvage chemotherapy and bridged to allo‐SCT/auto‐SCT.
Suppression of MYC by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition in combination with all‐trans retinoic acid treatment for therapeutic gain in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Stengel Sven , Petrie Kevin R. , Sbirkov Yordan , Stanko Clara , Ghazvini Zadegan Faezeh , Gil Veronica , Skopek Rafał , Kamiński Paweł , Szymański Łukasz , Brioli Annamaria , Zelent Arthur , Schenk Tino
Published: April 2022

Aberrant activity of the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR [PAM]) pathway, as well as suppressed retinoic acid signalling, contribute to enhanced proliferation and the differentiation blockade of immature myeloid cells in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Inhibition of the PAM pathway was shown to affect especially mixed‐lineage leukaemia‐rearranged AML. Here, we sought to test a combined strategy using small molecule inhibitors against members of the PAM signalling pathway in conjunction with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to target a larger group of different AML subtypes. We find that ATRA treatment in combination with inhibition of PI3K (ZSTK474), mTOR (WYE132) or PI3K/mTOR (BEZ235, dactolisib) drastically reduces protein levels of the proto‐oncogene MYC. In combination with BEZ235, ATRA treatment led to almost complete eradication of cellular MYC, G1 arrest, loss of clonal capacity and terminal granulocytic differentiation. We demonstrate that PAM inhibitor/ATRA treatment targets MYC via independent mechanisms. While inhibition of the PAM pathway causes MYC phosphorylation at threonine 58 via glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and subsequent degradation, ATRA reduces its expression. Here, we present an approach using a combination of known drugs to synergistically reduce aberrant MYC levels, thereby effectively blocking proliferation and enabling differentiation in various AML subtypes.
Outcomes of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and influence of chimaeric antigen receptor T trial eligibility criteria in second line—A population‐based study of 736 patients
Authors: Harrysson Sara , Eloranta Sandra , Ekberg Sara , Enblad Gunilla , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Sander Birgitta , Sonnevi Kristina , Andersson Per‐Ola , Jerkeman Mats , Smedby Karin E.
Published: April 2022

Several recently published trials investigate novel therapies for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL). To estimate the benefit of these therapies in the real‐world setting, comprehensive data on patients treated in clinical routine are needed. We report outcomes for 736 R/R DLBCL patients identified among all curatively treated DLBCL patients in Sweden in the period 2007–2014. Survival and associations with disease characteristics, second‐line treatment and fulfilment of chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell trial criteria were assessed. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.6 months (≤70 years 9.6 months, >70 years 4.9 months). Early relapse (≤12 months) was strongly associated with selection of less intensive treatment and poor survival. Among patients of at most 70 years of age, 63% started intensive second‐line treatment and 34% received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Two‐year OS among transplanted patients was 56% (early relapse ≤12 months 40%, late relapse >12 months 66%). A minority of patients 76 years (n = 178/506, 35%) fitted CAR T trial criteria. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for patients with early relapse fitting trial criteria was 4.8 months. In conclusion, most R/R DLBCL manifest early and are often ineligible for or cannot complete intensive regimens resulting in dismal survival. Real‐world patients eligible for CAR T trials also did poorly, providing a benchmark for efficacy of novel therapies.
“This kid looks like he has everything”: 3‐ to 11‐year‐old children’s concerns for fairness and social preferences when peers differ in social class and race
Authors: Elenbaas Laura , Luken Raz Katherine , Ackerman Amanda , Kneeskern Ellen
Published: April 2022

This study investigated 3‐ to 11‐year‐old US children's (N = 348) perceptions of access to resources, social group preferences, and resource distribution decisions and reasoning when hypothetical peers differed in social class (poor or rich) and race (Black or White). Data were collected in 2019. The sample reflected the region where data were collected in terms of gender (44% girls, 30% boys, 1% another identity) and race and ethnicity (46% White, 10% multiracial or multiethnic, 9% Black, 5% Latinx, 2% Asian, 3% another identity), and parents reported a higher average level of education than the regional average. Results revealed both marked age differences in children's perceptions, preferences, decisions, and reasoning and specific combinations of peer group memberships that were especially likely to receive preferential treatment. With age, children perceived that rich peers had greater access to resources than poor peers, but when both peers were poor, White peers were perceived to have more resources than Black peers. Social group preferences changed with age, from mixed social class and racial group preferences, to preferences for rich peers, to dislike for rich peers. Resource allocation decisions and reasoning reflected both social group and fairness concerns: young children distributed more to White peers especially if they were also rich, participants in middle childhood explicitly favored rich peers regardless of their race, and older children distributed more to poor peers and reasoned about either moral concerns for equity or social class stereotypes. Thus, overall, younger children's responses often reflected broader economic and racial inequalities while older children often sought to create more equity, though not always for moral reasons.
Early removal of drains and lines after liver transplantation to reduce the length of hospital stay and enhance recovery – A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Goldaracena Nicolas , Bhangui Prashant , Yoon Young‐In , Vargas Paola A. , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Tokat Yaman ,   the ERAS4OLT.ork Working Group
Published: April 2022

Background

The timing of removing abdominal drains, central venous catheters (CVC), and urinary catheters (UC) on post liver transplantation (LT) outcomes is not well elucidated.

Objectives

To provide international expert panel recommendations and guidelines on time of drain and catheter removal as a part of an ERAS protocol to reduce the length of hospital stay and enhance recovery.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Papers considered were those reporting one or more outcomes of interest related to drainage and line removal in the setting of LT. POSPERO Protocol ID: CRD42021238349

Results

On analyzing five relevant studies pertaining to drains in patients undergoing LT (four retrospectives and one prospective), the length of hospital and/or ICU stay was similar or shorter, and postoperative morbidity and mortality were lower in those without drains. No studies pertaining specifically to the time of removal of drains, CVC's, or UC's in LT were found. Studies in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery or hepatectomies recommend early removal of CVC and UC to reduce catheter‐associated infections.

Conclusions

Based more on expert recommendation, we propose that abdominal drains, if placed during LT, should be removed by postoperative day 5 after LT, based on quantity and fluid characteristics (Quality of Evidence; Low to Moderate | Grade of Recommendation; Strong). Larger studies are needed to more reliably determine indications for early drain and line removal in an ERAS protocol setting.
Magnifying chromoendoscopy or image enhanced endoscopy with magnification?
Authors: Ikehara Hisatomo , Kusano Chika , Gotoda Takuji
Published: April 2022

This Editorial refers to the article by H. Ikematsu et al., p 265–273 of the issue DEN 34:2.
Welfare gains in the Armington, Krugman and Melitz models: Comparisons grounded on gravity
Authors: Balistreri Edward J. , Tarr David G.
Published: April 2022

Under a wide range of model features, we show that in response to a reduction in global trade costs, the global welfare gains are largest in the Melitz model, followed by the Krugman model, and smallest in Armington. Labor‐leisure choice and intermediate goods are the most important features for differentiating results. We show that the optimal tariff is significantly lower in the monopolistic competition models, thereby moving policy away from protectionism. We are the first to consider multi‐sector comparative‐static welfare impacts of these market structures, while maintaining equal trade responses across the models consistent with a shared structural‐gravity elasticity.
Genomic selection applications can improve the environmental performance of aquatics: A case study on the heat tolerance of abalone
Authors: Liu Junyu , Peng Wenzhu , Yu Feng , Shen Yawei , Yu Wenchao , Lu Yisha , Lin Weihong , Zhou Muzhi , Huang Zekun , Luo Xuan , You Weiwei , Ke Caihuan
Published: April 2022

Aquaculture is one of the world's fastest‐growing and most traded food industries, but it is under the threat of climate‐related risks represented by global warming, marine heatwave (MHW) events, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. For the sustainable development of aquaculture, selective breeding may be a viable method to obtain aquatic economic species with greater tolerance to environmental stressors. In this study, we estimated the heritability of heat tolerance trait of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai, performed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) analysis for heat tolerance to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes, and assessed the potential of genomic selection (GS) in the breeding of abalone industry. A total of 1120 individuals were phenotyped for their heat tolerance and genotyped with 64,788 quality‐controlled SNPs. The heritability of heat tolerance was moderate (0.35–0.42) and the predictive accuracy estimated using BayesB (0.55 ± 0.05) was higher than that using GBLUP (0.40 ± 0.01). A total of 11 genome‐wide significant SNPs and 2 suggestive SNPs were associated with heat tolerance of abalone, and 13 candidate genes were identified, including got2,znfx1,l(2)efl, and lrp5. Based on GWAS results, the prediction accuracy using the top 5K SNPs was higher than that using randomly selected SNPs and higher than that using all SNPs. These results suggest that GS is an efficient approach for improving the heat tolerance of abalone and pave the way for abalone selecting breeding programs in rapidly changing oceans.
‘Destructive fishing’—A ubiquitously used but vague term? Usage and impacts across academic research, media and policy
Authors: Willer David F. , Brian Joshua I. , Derrick Christina J. , Hicks Marcus , Pacay Alerick , McCarthy Arlie H. , Benbow Sophie , Brooks Holly , Hazin Carolina , Mukherjee Nibedita , McOwen Chris J. , Walker Jessica , Steadman Daniel
Published: April 2022

The term ‘destructive fishing’ appears in multiple international policy instruments intended to improve outcomes for marine biodiversity, coastal communities and sustainable fisheries. However, the meaning of ‘destructive fishing’ is often vague, limiting effectiveness in policy. Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the use of ‘destructive fishing’ in three record types: academic literature, media articles and policy documents between 1976 and 2020. A more detailed analysis was performed on subsets of these records, considering the extent to which the term is characterised, geographic distribution of use, and specific impacts and practices associated with the term. We found that use of ‘destructive fishing’ relative to the generic term ‘fisheries’ has increased since the 1990s. Records focussed predominantly on fishing practices in South‐eastern Asia, followed by Southern Asia and Europe. The term was characterised in detail in only 15% of records. Habitat damage and blast/poison fishing were the most associated ecological impacts and gear/practices, respectively. Bottom trawling and unspecified net fishing were regularly linked to destructive fishing. Importantly, the three record types use the term differently. Academic literature tends to specifically articulate the negative impacts, while media articles focus generally on associated gears/practices. Significant regional variation also exists in how the term is used and what phenomena it is applied to. This study provides evidence and recommendations to inform stakeholders in any future pursuit of a unified definition of ‘destructive fishing’ to support more meaningful implementation of global sustainability goals.
How work‐related guilt informs parenting and adolescent psychological distress in military families
Authors: Farnsworth Meredith L. , O'Neal Catherine W.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The current study examined inconsistent discipline as a linking mechanism connecting parental guilt about work to adolescent psychological distress in military families.

Background

Military families may face tensions connected to competing demands of family and the military career, which can produce a sense of parental guilt. This guilt may contribute to poor parenting behaviors, such as inconsistent discipline, which can be detrimental for adolescents (e.g., leading to depression and anxiety).

Method

A structural equation model with data from 223 military families (i.e., active duty father, civilian mother, and adolescent) examined the associations among parental guilt, inconsistent discipline, and adolescent psychological distress.

Results

Active duty fathers' guilt and inconsistent discipline were related to their perceptions of adolescent psychological distress, whereas civilian mothers' guilt was indirectly related to both their own and their partner's perceptions of adolescent psychological distress through their inconsistent discipline.

Conclusion

Inconsistent discipline is a parenting behavior related to parental guilt and adolescent psychological distress. More research is needed to better understand the nuances of military contexts for families.

Implications

Inconsistent discipline is a specific, malleable parenting behavior with implications for prevention and intervention programs designed for military families as well as family‐related policies in the military.
Dietary restriction and lifespan: adaptive reallocation or somatic sacrifice?
Authors: Piper Matthew D. W. , Zanco Brooke , Sgrò Carla M. , Adler Margo I. , Mirth Christen K. , Bonduriansky Russell
Published: April 2022

Reducing overall food intake, or lowering the proportion of protein relative to other macronutrients, can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. A number of mechanistic theories have been developed to explain this phenomenon, mostly assuming that the molecules connecting diet to lifespan are evolutionarily conserved. A recent study using Drosophila melanogaster females has pinpointed a single essential micronutrient that can explain how lifespan is changed by dietary restriction. Here, we propose a likely mechanism for this observation, which involves a trade‐off between lifespan and reproduction, but in a manner that is conditional on the dietary supply of an essential micronutrient – a sterol. Importantly, these observations argue against previous evolutionary theories that rely on constitutive resource reallocation or damage directly inflicted by reproduction. Instead, they are compatible with a model in which the inverse relationship between lifespan and food level is caused by the consumer suffering from varying degrees of malnutrition when maintained on lab food. The data also indicate that animals on different lab foods may suffer from different nutritional imbalances and that the mechanisms by which dietary restriction benefits the lifespan of different species may vary. This means that translating the mechanistic findings from lab animals to humans will not be simple and should be interpreted in light of the range of challenges that have shaped each organism’s lifespan in the wild and the composition of the natural diets upon which they would feed.
Different characteristics of cortical spreading depression in the sleep and wake states
Authors: Yousef Yengej Dmitri , Nwaobi Sinifunanya E. , Ferando Isabella , Kechechyan Gayane , Charles Andrew , Faas Guido C.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of the sleep‐wake cycle on neurovascular and behavioral characteristics of cortical spreading depression (CSD).

Background

There is an important bi‐directional relationship between migraine and the sleep–wake cycle, but the basic mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood.

Methods

We have developed a minimally invasive microchip system to continuously monitor cerebral blood volume (CBV) with optical intrinsic signal (OIS), head movement, and multiple other physiological and behavioral parameters in freely behaving mice over weeks. Behavior is also monitored with simultaneous video recording. This system can also be used to intermittently trigger and record CSD and accompanying neurovascular and behavioral responses. CSD was triggered optically in different stages of the sleep–wake cycle.

Results

The optical stimulus threshold to trigger CSD was significantly higher in the wake state compared to sleep (stimulation duration = 16.4 ± 9.7 s vs. 10.8 ± 5.8 s, p = 0.037, n = 6 mice). CSD evoked in the wake versus sleep state produced changes in CBV that were smaller (largest relative change –4.5 ± 5.0% ∆OIS vs. –14.3 ± 8.5% ∆OIS, p = 0.001) and shorter in duration (33:22 ± 6:37 vs. 49:42 ± 8:05 min:s, p = 0.012, n = 6 mice). The threshold for CSD and kinetics of associated CBV changes were correlated with the time since falling asleep or awakening (n = 47 CSDs in 6 mice). CSD triggered in the wake state was associated with a transient freezing behavior. CSD triggered during sleep typically caused a transient awakening and behavioral response. This was followed by a return to sleep until recovery from the sustained phase of decreased CBV that occurred 30–60 min later, at which time there was consistent awakening with behaviors similar to those that occurred at CSD onset. CSD triggered in the wake state evoked a transient decrease in heart rate (from 11.9 ± 0.8 to 9.6 ± 0.8 Hz, p = 0.002, n = 5), whereas when triggered in the sleep state there was a transient increase in HR (from 7.5 ± 0.4 Hz to 9.3 ± 1.1 Hz, p = 0.016, n = 5).

Conclusions

The sleep–wake cycle has significant effects on CSD that may have relevance to the clinical presentations of migraine and brain injury.
Optimization of vonoprazan‐amoxicillin dual therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pyloriinfection in China: A prospective, randomized clinical pilot study
Authors: Hu Yi , Xu Xin , Ouyang Yao‐Bin , He Cong , Li Nian‐Shuang , Xie Chuan , Peng Chao , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Xie Yong , Shu Xu , Lu Nong‐Hua , Zhu Yin
Published: April 2022

Background

Vonoprazan‐amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been shown to achieve acceptable cure rates for treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in Japan. Its effectiveness in other regions is unknown. We aimed to explore the efficacy of VA dual therapy as first‐line treatment for H. pyloriinfection in China.

Methods

This was a single center, prospective, randomized clinical pilot study conducted in China. Treatment naive H. pyloriinfected patients were randomized to receive either low‐ or high‐dose amoxicillin‐vonoprazan consisting of amoxicillin 1 g either b.i.d. or t.i.d plus VPZ 20 mg b.i.d for 7 or 10 days. 13C‐urea breath tests were used to access the cure rate at least 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

Three hundred and twenty‐three patients were assessed, and 119 subjects were randomized. The eradication rates of b.i.d. amoxicillin for 7 and 10 days, t.i.d. amoxicillin for 7 and 10 days were 66.7% (16/24), 89.2% (33/37), 81.0% (17/21), and 81.1% (30/37) (p = .191) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively, and 72.7% (16/22), 89.2% (33/37), 81.0% (17/21), and 81.1% (30/37) (p = .454) by per‐protocol analysis, respectively.

Conclusion

Neither 7‐ or 10‐day VA dual therapy with b.i.d. or t.i.d. amoxicillin provides satisfied efficacy as the first‐line treatment for H. pyloriinfection in China. Further optimization is needed.
Different green extraction technologies for soluble dietary fibre extraction from orange by‐product
Authors: Perez‐Pirotto Claudia , Cozzano Sonia , Hernando Isabel , Arcia Patricia
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work was to extract soluble dietary fibre from orange by‐product, by testing four different green (non‐contaminant, solvent free) extraction technologies: hot water (HW), extrusion + hot water (EHW), jet cooker (JC) and jet cooker + hot water (JCHW). Starting from orange pomace, the treatments were assayed and sample was separated in soluble and insoluble fractions. The processing and analysis of the soluble fraction was continued, through subsequent spray drying until obtaining a soluble fibre‐enriched powder. Powders were analysed: dietary fibre, sugar profile and bioactive characterisation (total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity). Through the application of these green technologies, it was possible to obtain a functional ingredient with soluble dietary fibre from orange by‐product. EHW was the treatment that yielded the highest amount of soluble dietary fibre, the lowest content of glucose, sucrose and fructose, and the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity.
Communal Reconciliation: Corporate Responsibility and Opposition to Systemic Sin
Authors: Everhart D. T.
Published: April 2022

Recent events have given rise to considerations of systemic sin and how the church should respond to it. This article looks at passages in the Hebrew Bible which demonstrate the communal character of sin and atonement. God holds the whole nation responsible despite righteous individuals, often for the sins of individuals. Paul develops this relation between individuals and groups in his ecclesiology. I argue from this development that responsibility for sins, individual or systemic, is placed on the whole community. Thus, there is for the church a corporate responsibility for reconciliation, demanding group agency in rectifying systemic sins like racism.
Social workers' recommendations regarding child custody of parents with intellectual developmental disabilities or mental illness
Authors: Leena Badran , Arie Rimmerman
Published: April 2022

This article examines Muslim social workers' recommendations regarding child custody of parents with intellectual developmental disabilities and mental illness in Israel. Aside from the professional challenges of determining whether the parents are capable of being custodians, the article portrays and discusses the role of traditional norms in Muslim social workers' recommendations. The tension between professional and traditional norms and values is introduced and analysed in three different vignettes chosen from 14 Shari'a court rulings. The article concludes that Muslim social workers are aware of the traditional norms that prevail in their communities but tend to follow their professional values in their practice. The article sheds light on the importance of the family in the lives of people with disabilities in Arab society during the professional practice. The religious elements of a traditional society in the context of disabilities should be taken into account also.
Implementation of the Nurse Practitioner as Most Responsible Provider model of care in a Specialised Mental Health setting in Canada
Authors: Kipping Sarah , Riahi Sanaz , Velji Karima , Lau Emily , Pritchard Cindy , Earle Julie
Published: April 2022

Globally, mental health systems have failed to adequately respond to the growing demands of mental health services resulting in a disparity between the need and provision of treatment. Paucity of mental health care providers contributes to the aforementioned disparity. This can be addressed by engaging Nurse Practitioners (NPs) in an integrated model within healthcare teams. This paper describes the implementation of NPs as Most Responsible Provider (MRP) care of model in a specialised mental health hospital in Ontario, Canada. Guided by the participatory, evidence‐based, patient‐focused process for advanced practise nursing (APN) role development, implementation, and evaluation (PEPPA) framework, authors developed a model of care and implemented the first seven steps of the PEPPA framework – (a) define the population and describe the current model of care, (b) identify stakeholders, (c) determine the need for a new model of care (d) identify priority areas and goals of improvement, (e) define the new model of care, and (f) plan and implement the NP as MRP model of care. Within these steps, different strategies were implemented: (a) revising policies and procedures (b) harmonising reporting structures, (c) developing and implementing a collaborative practise structure for NPs, (d) standardised and transparent compensation (e) performance standards and monitoring (f) Self‐Assessment Competency frameworks, education, and development opportunities. This paper contributes to the state of the knowledge by implementing NPs as MRP model of care in a specialised mental health care setting in Ontario, Canada; and advocates the need for incorporating mental health programmes within the Ontario nursing curriculum.
Changes in the use of cosmetics worldwide due to increased use of masks in the coronavirus disease‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: April 2022

Background

According to recent experience, people are willing to wear masks to protect themselves from environmental issues such as infections, allergies, and fine dust such as SARS in 2003, swine flu A (H1N1) in 2009, and COVID‐19 in 2019.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the changing conditions of cosmetics use worldwide due to the increase in mask usage.

Methods

This review paper is a literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300–400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS, of which a total of 39 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2006–2021.

Results

Masks must be worn due to environmental issues and/or infectious diseases, for example, COVID‐19. Skin troubles were dramatically increased by the increased use of masks. Additionally, research‐related natural products for skin soothing ingredients and makeup products were suggested.

Conclusion

This review is expected to be used as an important marketing material for new changes in the cosmetics market by clearly grasping the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry from the viewpoint of using masks after COVID‐19.
A New Test of Risk Factor Relevance
Authors: CHINCO ALEX , HARTZMARK SAMUEL M. , SUSSMAN ABIGAIL B.
Published: April 2022

Textbook models assume that investors try to insure against bad states of the world associated with specific risk factors when investing. This is a testable assumption and we develop a survey framework for doing so. Our framework can be applied to any risk factor. We demonstrate the approach using consumption growth, which makes our results applicable to most modern asset‐pricing models. Participants respond to changes in the mean and volatility of stock returns consistent with textbook models, but we find no evidence that they view an asset's correlation with consumption growth as relevant to investment decisions.
Referral Patterns for Emergency Psychiatric Evaluations and Effect of School Mental Health Services in New York City, 2018
Authors: St. Pierre‐Hetz Ryan , Silver Ellen , Chokroverty Linda , Collins Kari , Khine Hnin
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Pediatric mental health issues are increasing while access to care is decreasing. This is reflected in a growing number of patients seeking emergency psychiatric evaluations (EPEs) in the emergency department (ED).

METHODS

This was a retrospective review of patients seeking EPE in the ED of a children's hospital between September and December 2018, which compares patients referred from the community versus those from schools as well as patients from schools with and without school‐based mental health services (SMH).

RESULTS

A total of 546 EPEs were analyzed, with 187 (34%) referred from schools. School referrals were younger, had a shorter length of stay and lower admission rates. When comparing those from schools with SMH, those referred from schools without SMH were younger and less acutely ill.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher acuity children from schools with SMH suggest that SMH staff managed less severe situations on site. The role of SMH as a triaging tool and provider of mental health services should be studied as they may reduce the burden on EDs for EPEs.
Red deer behavioural response to hiking activity: a study using camera traps
Authors: Marion Solène , Demšar Urška , Davies Althea L. , Stephens Philip A. , Irvine R. Justin , Long Jed A.
Published: April 2022

With increasing levels of outdoor recreation activities, consequences for wildlife through interactions with recreationists are highly variable. Behavioural changes in wildlife are one potential consequence of interactions with outdoor recreationists. In ungulate populations, vigilance and flight responses are well‐known antipredator behaviours, and an increase in their level indicates a more intense stress level which, ultimately, can have consequences for animal fitness. In Scotland, the geographical distribution of red deer (Cervus elaphus) overlaps greatly with areas used for popular outdoor activities such as hill walking. In this piece of research, we studied red deer time allocation, vigilance, and flight behaviours near a popular hiking path using camera traps. We positioned the cameras in transects at different distances (25, 75, and 150 m) from the path and recorded hiking activity using an automated people counter. Red deer behaviour was categorized from photo analysis as (1) no response (e.g. feeding and resting), (2) vigilant (i.e. upright head position), and (3) flight response. We also investigated demographic variables (group size and sex) and the direction of red deer movement relative to the trail. We used generalised linear mixed models to analyse behaviour in relation to the distance from the hiking track, hiking activity, time of the day, demographic, and environmental variables. We did not find an increase in vigilance or flight behaviour in relation to the distance from the hiking path or the hiking activity. These results suggest that red deer, in our study area, are habituated to the presence of hikers and may spatially avoid areas close to the hiking path instead of displaying cost‐intensive behaviour (i.e. flight or vigilance behaviour).
Tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor‐induced follicular psoriasiform eruption
Authors: Goldberger Tal , Benshushan Stephanie , Davidovics Zev , Wilschanski Michael , Molho‐Pessach Vered
Published: April 2022

Tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor‐associated adverse cutaneous reactions are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Infection‐related dermatoses and psoriasiform eruptions are seen most frequently. We describe a follicular psoriasiform eruption that appeared during treatment with infliximab in two adolescents with Crohn's disease.
Sincerity (cheng) as a civic and political virtue in classical confucian philosophy
Authors: Rogacz Dawid
Published: April 2022

The paper reconstructs the classical Confucian approach to sincerity (cheng 誠) as a political virtue of the governing and a civic virtue of the governed. For Confucian thinkers, sincerity thus understood shapes both the rulers and the ruled in terms of the common good, and guarantees the stability of a just political system. It is shown that for Confucius and the Zuo Commentary one of the key political and civic virtues was reliability (trustworthiness, xin), which later came to be viewed as rooted in an inner virtue of sincerity, described by Mencius as natural, inherently moral, and social. The relation between moral and civic/political sincerity was then examined in the Great Learning and the philosophy of Xunzi. Their ideas were complemented in the later imperial period in the Essentials of Governance with a discussion of the connection between political sincerity and the virtue of loyalty (zhong).
Current progress in the authentication of fishery and aquatic products using multi‐element and stable isotope analyses combined with chemometrics
Authors: Han Cui , Li Li , Dong Xuan , Gao Qinfeng , Dong Shuanglin
Published: April 2022

Fraud occurs frequently in the fishery and aquatic product markets. Therefore, the authentication of fishery and aquatic products has become a crucial issue. Recently, elemental and stable isotope analyses have become popular for aquatic food authentication. In this review, relevant literature was collected to highlight the current progress in the authentication of fishery and aquatic products using multi‐element and stable isotope analyses combined with chemometrics. Both technologies provide valuable insight regarding geographic origin, culture method, and species identification of fishery and aquatic products. Their classification rate varied from 60% to 100% in most studies. The formation of both elemental and stable isotope profiles of fishery and aquatic products is complex and affected by many factors, including diet, biological differences, and culture environment. The classification rate of these methods may be increased by combining multiple technologies, selecting the correct elements and stable isotopes for specific purposes, selecting and verifying proper discrimination methods, and increasing sample sizes. This review provides valuable information to build reliable and stable tracing methods for fishery and aquatic products.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy: Is a picture worth a thousand words?
Authors: Mohamed Maha , Matthie Jim , Fan Stanley L.
Published: April 2022

Volume status can be difficult to assess in dialysis patients. Peripheral edema, elevated venous pressure, lung crackles, and hypertension are taught as signs of fluid overload, but sensitivity and specificity are poor. Bioimpedance technology has evolved from early single frequency to multifrequency machines which apply spectroscopic analysis (BIS), modeling data to physics‐based mixture theory. Bioimpedance plots can aid the evaluation of hydration status and body composition. The challenge remains how to use this information to manage dialysis populations, particularly as interventions to improve over hydration, sarcopenia, and adiposity are not without side effects. It is therefore of no surprise that validation studies for BIS use in peritoneal dialysis patients are limited, and results from clinical trials are inconsistent and conflicting. Despite these limitations, BIS has clinical utility with potential to accurately evaluate small changes in body tissue components. This article explains the information a BIS plot (“picture”) can provide and how it can contribute to the overall clinical assessment of a patient. However, it remains the role of the clinician to integrate information and devise treatment strategies to optimize competing patient risks, fluid and nutrition status, effects of high glucose PD fluids on membrane function, and quality of life issues.
INSIGHT INTO THE THERMOSTABILITY OF NOVEL FLUORESCENT PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM SEA ANEMONE CRIBRINOPSIS JAPONICA: IN SILICO STUDY
Authors: Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed , Asraf Muhammad Hariz , Ahmad Nor Azlina , Rusli Rusna Shakira , Shaari Hilzaiti Ahmad , Omar Mohd Shahir Shamsir , A Rohman Siti Noor Aishah
Published: April 2022

Fluorescent protein has been applied in various diagnostic and biotechnology application. However, in these applications, the temperature conditions are simulated at higher temperatures of 289K and 300K compared to natural sea anemone Cribrinopsis japonica fluorescent protein. This study evaluates the predictive structure and the molecular dynamic interaction of the protein with its target in different external temperature using ab initio similarity modeling and GROMACS/VMD respectively. Three-dimensional structure of the protein, named cjFP510 were predicted and analysed based on the highest similarity template model of Anemonia sulcata (2c9i) at 66.97%. The predicted model shows alternating a and β helices with longer loops and extra a-helix. cjFP510 was programmed with molecular dynamic simulation with template protein 2c9i as a reference to study its comparative adaptability in two different temperatures of 289K and 300K. cjFP510 was found to be more stable at both temperatures compared to 2c9i. Further simulation was conducted on the gyration radius to evaluate the compactness of the protein folding. Lower gyration radius of cjFP510 denotes more stable protein at 289K simulated environment than 29ci. This may be due to the presence of an extra a -helix based on the predicted model and few amino acid residues such as glycine, lysine, and arginine which contributed to the protein flexibility and thermal stability Conclusively, cjFP510 is more thermostable in the two conditional temperatures tested.
ANDROID BASED ANTENNA POSITIONING SYSTEM
Authors: Mei Lin Tay , Abu Maisarah , Md Ali Siti Adlina
Published: April 2022

To receipt the strongest possible signal, the antenna must be pointed at a precise angle in the direction of transmitter for effective wireless communication. If the movement of the antenna is controlled manually, there is a problem of aligning it at the optimum position to receive the strongest possible signal especially in remotely located areas. To overcome the difficulty of adjusting manually, Android Based Antenna Positioning System is proposed to remotely control the position of antenna by using an android phone. Two 12 V 28BYJ-48 stepper motors and ULN2003 drivers are demonstrated as a rotator to move the antenna in azimuth and elevation directions simultaneously. The commands provided from a web page through android phone are sent to the motors in real time via NodeMCU V3 microcontroller. MPU6050 sensor is mounted on the antenna to determine its position then the data collected is uploaded to Blynk application. When the antenna is positioned at specified direction in the direction of horn antenna (transmitter) based on the angles, speed and direction of motors’ movement, the strongest possible signal strength of antenna at specific frequency of 2.4 GHz can be determined using spectrum analyzer. When the antenna is positioned at X=27.52˚, Y=285.63˚, and Z=171.71˚, it has the strongest signal strength of -36.62 dBm as well as the gain of 1.713 dB. The stronger the signal strength of antenna, the higher the gain and the higher the quality connection.
ALLERGENIC POTENTIAL AND CROSS-REACTIVITY OF FUNGAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Abdullah Mai Shihah , Kttafah Ghassan Hadi , Nasuruddin Muhammad Haidar
Published: April 2022

Indoor fungi are potential sensitizing agents. Their detection and quantiﬁcation in indoor environments are important in the diagnosis and environmental management of fungal allergies. This study aims to analyse the allergenic potential of ten fungal species and the cross-reactivity of the two most common fungi isolated from the indoor environment samples from Sultan Idris Education University buildings. Employing in vivo (skin prick test) and in vitro (immunoblotting), the major and minor allergenic proteins of ten fungi sensitized subjects were identified. Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium canescens were the most common fungi with the highest potential to trigger allergies. The cross-reactivity between them was detected by immunoblotting inhibition experiments using three selected sera from subjects sensitized to each of the aforementioned species. The immunoblotting test revealed multiple major and minor allergens. Among them were 11, 25, 33, 36 > 100 kDa and were also listed as causative agent triggering allergy by IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee. Cross-reactivity of Aspergillus fumigatus against Penicillium canescens revealed that 9(64.29%) allergenic bands and 13(76.47%) allergenic bands were inhibited, respectively. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. with high cross-reactivity are most prevalent in the indoor environment of identified contaminated buildings at UPSI. Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium canescens can elicit sensitization among the atopic population and implicates worsening the condition of the symptomatic subjects with prolonged these fungal exposures.
APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO DETERMINE AND OPTIMIZE FDM PRINTING PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR TENSILE STRENGTH
Authors: Maidin Shajahan , Sah Azmi Amira Atiqah , Md Nor hayati Norilani , Albaluoosh Haroun
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to optimize Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing process parameters to obtain the best tensile strength from several test specimens. To proceed with applying the AHP, the data to list the most effective process parameters that affect the tensile strength was collected from various journals.
The Effects of Implantation Orientation of a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve in an Anatomic Left Ventricle-Aorta Configuration
Authors: Asadi Hossein , Hedayat Mohammadali , Borazjani Iman
Published: April 2022

We have performed three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of a bi-leaflet mechanical heart valve implanted at different orientations in an anatomic left ventricle-aorta obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of a volunteer. The thoroughly validated overset curvilinear-immersed boundary fluid–structure interaction flow solver is used in which the aorta and left ventricle (LV) are discretized with boundary-conforming and nonconforming curvilinear grids, respectively. The motion of the left ventricle wall is prescribed based on a lumped parameter model while the motion of the leaflets is calculated using a strongly coupled fluid–structure interaction algorithm enhanced with Aitken convergence technique. We carried out simulations for three valve orientations, which differ from each other by 45 deg, and compared the leaflet motion and flow field for multiple cycles. Our results show reproducible and relatively symmetrical opening for all valve orientations. The presence of small-scale vortical structures after peak systole causes significant cycle-to-cycle variations in valve kinematics during the closing phase for all valve orientations. Furthermore, our results show that valve orientation does not have a significant effect on the distribution of viscous shear stress in the ascending aorta. Additionally, two different mathematical activation models including linear level of activation and Soares model are used to quantify the platelet activation in the ascending aorta. The results show that the valve orientation does not significantly affect (less than 8%) the total platelet activation in the ascending aorta.
Improved Wake Velocity Distribution Behind a Rising Bubble for Isothermal and Thermally Stratified Liquid Layers
Authors: Agarwal Shashwat S. , Kumar Kunal , Chandra Laltu , Ghosh Pradyumna
Published: April 2022

This paper aims at (a) improving the vertical velocity distribution in the wake of a rising isolated bubble for isothermal water layers and (b) evaluating the proposed distribution for thermally stratified therminol layers before and after the initiation of vortex shedding. To address these objectives, numerical investigations are performed, for the rise of an isolated bubble in isothermal and thermally stratified liquid layers, with a combination of the monotonic upwind scheme for conservation laws and pressure implicit with splitting of operators numerical scheme. The analysis revealed that the vertical velocity in the wake of a rising isolated bubble, for isothermal and thermally stratified liquid layers, differs remarkably from the Gaussian distribution. Based on the detailed investigations, region-wise wake velocity distribution comprising a linear superposition of Gaussian approximation with Burr distribution is proposed. Furthermore, this distribution is utilized to predict the rise velocity for a chain of bubbles having different frequencies of departure. Thus, the findings will be useful for the design of heat exchangers or cooling devices, which rely on the heat transfer augmentation with rising air bubbles from a heated surface for isothermal (buoyancy suppressed) and thermally stratified (buoyancy assisted) liquid layers.
Temperature Response Characteristics of the Production Profile for Multilayered Gas Wells Based on Distributed Temperature Sensing Monitoring
Authors: Wei Mingqiang , Long Tengyi , Duan Xiyu , Dejam Morteza , Sun Yuping
Published: April 2022

The distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used to overcome the defects of traditional production profile testing technology and realize the real-time and accurate temperature monitoring of complex underground reservoirs. However, the temperature response characteristics of the production profile for multilayered gas wells have not been studied clearly, which leads to technical problems of the production profile interpretation of such gas wells monitored by DTS. Therefore, considering the influence of the fluid heat convection, viscous dissipation, and heat conduction which are the involved mechanisms in this process, a model coupling pressure and temperature fields of a multilayered gas reservoir are established in the current study. Subsequently, the formation temperature variation for transient testing of a multilayered gas reservoir is solved by programming, and the effect of model parameters (e.g., gas production, permeability, and rock heat capacity ratio) on the temperature response characteristics of the production profile is analyzed. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of temperature response prediction are verified by fitting the actual DTS temperature test data of an offshore-multilayered gas well. The results of this study provide ideas regarding quantitative interpretation and analysis of DTS monitoring data for the production profile of multilayered gas wells.