bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naldrettite (Pd2Sb): A new find in Brazil and comparison with worldwide occurrences
Authors: Garuti Giorgio , Zaccarini Federica
Published: December 2021

Naldrettite (Pd2Sb) is a PGM discovered in 2005 in Mesamax Northwest deposit, Ungava region, Quebec, Canada. Before and after its approval, PGM with the naldrettite type composition have been reported from a number of localities worldwide. Most frequently, naldrettite has been documented in magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide deposits, hydrothermal veins in porphyry coppers of the Cu–Au type, and PGE deposits of Alaskan-type zoned intrusions. Naldrettite has been occasionally found in metasomatic Sb–As sulfide ore, metamorphic Ni–oxide ore, and podiform chromitites, although these occurrences have not been fully constrained by solid chemical analyses or paragenetic reconstruction. In this paper we report the first discovery of naldrettite in Brazil. This new finding occurs in a chromitite sample collected in the Luanga Complex, a Neo-archaean layered intrusion in the Carajás Mineral Province. Paragenetic association with alteration assemblages (ferrianchromite, Fe-hydroxides, chlorite) suggests precipitation of naldrettite from metamorphic hydrothermal fluids. The average composition of the Luanga sample (Pd1.76Pt0.24)Σ2.00(Sb0.57As0.43)Σ1.00 shows major substitution of Pt and As. These elements were derived from the breakdown of primary sperrylite, and were incorporated in naldrettite deposited by percolating fluids, at temperature below 350 °C (maximum temperature registered by the crystallization of associated chlorite). An overview of documented occurrences indicates that naldrettite can form in a variety of igneous rocks (ultramafic, mafic, felsic), even involving minimal concentrations of Pd and Sb. Crystallization of naldrettite generally occurs in the post-magmatic stage due to the activity of hydrothermal fluids containing volatile species Sb, As, Bi, Te, and Pd due to its higher mobility compared with the other PGE. A major issue concerns the origin of fluids that can be: (1) “residual”, after the main crystallization of the host magma, (2) “metamorphic”, during regional metamorphism or serpentinization, and (3) “metasomatic”, emanating from an exotic magma intrusion. The combination of two or three of these factors is the most likely process observed in the naldrettite-bearing complexes.
Genesis of sulfide vein mineralization at the Sakatti Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Finland
Authors: Fröhlich Fabian , Siikaluoma Janne , Osbahr Inga , Gutzmer Jens
Published: December 2021

The Sakatti Ni-Cu-platinum-group element deposit is situated in northern Finland and comprises massive, disseminated, and vein sulfide mineralization. A stockwork is formed by chalcopyrite-rich sulfide veins, which contain exceptionally high platinum-group elements and Au grades. The mineralogy and geochemistry of this stockwork zone ore is documented in this investigation. The results are used to develop the first robust genetic concept and its relationship to massive and disseminated mineralization of the Sakatti deposit. This model is similar to that proposed for many Cu-rich magmatic sulfide ores, most importantly the Cu-rich footwall veins described from the Sudbury Complex in Canada and the Cu-rich ore at Noril'sk-Talnakh in Russia.

Detailed petrographic studies using a sample suite from exploration drill core intersecting vein-style mineralization revealed a classic magmatic sulfide assemblage of chalcopyrite ± pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and pyrite. More than 1000 platinum-group mineral grains belonging almost exclusively to the moncheite (PtTe2) – merenskyite (PdTe2) – melonite (NiTe2) solid solution series were identified in the studied samples. Notably, almost two thirds of the platinum-group element-bearing minerals consist of melonite. Some of the platinum-group minerals contain inclusions of Ag-rich gold (AgAu2) and muthmannite (AuAgTe2). Most of the platinum-group minerals occur as inclusions in chalcopyrite, although a few grains are located at base-metal sulfide grain boundaries and in fractures in base-metal sulfides.

The whole-rock compositions of the stockwork veins are Cu-rich and are interpreted to represent a fractionated Cu-rich sulfide liquid enriched in Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, As, Bi, Pb, Se, Te, Zn, which separated from a monosulfide solid solution (mss). An intermediate solid solution (iss) solidified from the Cu-rich sulfide liquid, recrystallizing chalcopyrite at <550 °C. Simultaneously, small volumes of intercumulus residual melt contained mainly the precious metals, Bi, and Te due to their incompatibility in iss. Solitary and composite platinum-group minerals as well as Au-minerals crystallized first from the residual melt (<600 °C), followed by a succession of various Bi-, Ag-, and Pb-tellurides (∼540 °C), and finally sphalerite and galena. Melonite crystallized as mostly large, solitary grains exsolved directly from Ni-bearing intermediate solid solution (∼600 °C), shortly after the formation of moncheite and merenskyite from the residual melt. Finally, remobilization of the platinum-group minerals occurred at temperatures of <300 °C, as suggested by the presence of minor amounts of Cl-bearing minerals and ragged grain shapes.
Sintering as a key process in the textural evolution of chromitite seams in layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions
Authors: Hunt Emma J. , O'Driscoll Brian , Day James M.D.
Published: December 2021

Nearly monomineralic stratiform chromitite seams of variable thickness (millimeters to meters) occur in many of the world's layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions. These seams are often associated with economically significant quantities of platinum group metals, yet the petrogenesis of these societally important materials remains enigmatic. Here we evaluate processes associated with late-magmatic (postcumulus) textural maturation of chromitite seams from four layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions of different ages and sizes. From largest to smallest, these intrusions are the ∼2060 Ma Bushveld Complex (South Africa), the ∼2710 Ma Stillwater Complex (USA), the ∼1270 Ma Muskox Intrusion (Canada), and the ∼60 Ma Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion (Scotland). Three endmember chromitite textures are described, based on chromite grain size and degree of textural equilibration: (1) coarse-grained chromite crystals (>0.40 mm) that occur in the central portions of seams and exhibit high degrees of solid-state textural equilibration; (2) fine-grained chromite crystals (0.11–0.44 mm) at the margins of seams in contact with and disseminated throughout host anorthosite or pyroxenite; and (3) fine-grained chromite crystals (0.005–0.28 mm) hosted within intra-seam orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine oikocrysts. Crystal size distribution and spatial distribution pattern analyses are consistent with coarsening occurring through processes of textural maturation, including the sintering of grains by coalescence. We propose that textural maturation initially occurred in the supra-solidus state followed by an important stage of solid-state textural maturation and that these equilibration processes played a major role in the eventual microstructural and compositional homogeneity of the chromitite seams.
A Comparative Study of Sulfur Isotope Variations within the Flatreef and Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Keet Jarlen J. , Roelofse Frederick , Gauert Christoph D.K. , Grobler Danie , Butler Mike
Published: December 2021

The Flatreef, a down-dip, sub-horizontal extension of the Platreef, which underlies the Turfspruit and Macalacaskop farms, represents the future of platinum mining in South Africa. The stratigraphic connection between the Platreef, located at the base of the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, and the Merensky Reef in the western and eastern limbs of the complex, was disputed for many years due to the heterogeneous nature of the Platreef along strike. However, the discovery of the Flatreef led to a new perspective on the Platreef as the former allowed for the study of a magmatic stratigraphy less affected by footwall interaction. Here, we report whole-rock S isotope (δ34S) compositions across the stratigraphic units of the Flatreef and its footwall and hanging wall as intersected by boreholes UMT-276 and UMT-393, as well as stratigraphic units of the Merensky Reef at Two Rivers Platinum mine in the eastern limb. The units of the Flatreef containing platinum group element mineralization, namely the Main Reef and Upper Reef, have δ34S values that overlap with the range recorded for the Merensky Reef in the western and eastern limbs. In UMT-393, Main Reef δ34S values range between 0.2 and 1.5‰ (with the exception of three outliers, 9.7‰, 11.1‰, and 7.9‰), and 0.52‰ and 11.2‰ for two Upper Reef samples. However, in UMT-276, Main Reef δ34S values range between –0.96 and 2.24‰ and 3.19‰ was recorded for an Upper Reef sample. The S isotope compositions recorded for the Merensky Reef pyroxenite at Two Rivers Platinum mine are relatively higher with δ34S values ranging between 1.24 and 4.83‰. The top unit of the Flatreef, which is a transition zone below the Main Zone, as well as the Footwall Cyclic Unit have heavier S isotope compositions with δ34S values ranging between 6 and 17‰ for the former and 0.7 and 18.6‰ for the latter. At Two Rivers Platinum mine, the hanging-wall anorthosite has a δ34S value of 2.9‰ in contrast to the 5.7‰ measured for the footwall anorthosite and 3.27‰ for the footwall feldspathic pyroxenite. The consistent near-mantle S isotope signature and accompanying metal enrichment in the Main Reef of the Flatreef may be explained by extensive interaction of sulfide minerals in a Lower Zone conduit/pre-Platreef staging chamber with large volumes of uncontaminated magma. The δ34S values of the Merensky Reef at Two Rivers Platinum mine are slightly higher compared to that of the Main Reef at Turfspruit and Macalacaskop possibly due to interaction with underlying carbonate rocks.
Performance of Cleanroom Garment Fabrics When Processed in an Industrial Laundry, Comparing Irradiation and Autoclave Sterilisation
Authors: Broadbridge Kieran , Stoker Davey , Cochran Greg , Kuzma G
Published: December 2021

EU GMP Annex 1 requires that “reusable garments should be replaced based at a set frequency determined by qualification, or if damage is identified.” [1]

In the UK, most cleanroom garments supplied to the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors are washed and sterilised by gamma irradiation.

This study compares cleanroom garment fabric performance across the lifespan of multiple fabrics. Previous research has shown that cleanroom garment fabrics terminally sterilised by gamma irradiation remain suitable for use for up to 50 processes, however, these studies often focus on a limited number of samples. This study uses a large sample set, analysing the performance up to 100 processes and compares the performance effects of gamma irradiation vs autoclaving, as an alternative sterilisation method.

Multiple market leading cleanroom garment fabrics were washed and dried using a standard industrial cleanroom laundry process and sterilised by either gamma irradiation or autoclave. They were tested for particle barrier efficiency, abrasion resistance, pore size, and tensile strength as new, then at set process counts throughout their life, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100 processes. A process is equal to one wash/dry/sterilisation cycle.

The results show that not all cleanroom garment fabrics deteriorate equally and that some market leading fabrics may not provide adequate performance throughout life, even if they are suitable when new. They also show that autoclaving is comparable with irradiation in durability and performance over a fabric’s life, in some cases performing better than irradiation above process counts of 50.
Efficient and Cost-effective Service Broker Policy Based on User Priority in VIKOR for Cloud Computing
Authors: Radi Mohammed , Alwan Ali , Abualkishik Abedallah , Marks Adam , Gulzar Yonis
Published: December 2021

Cloud computing has become a practical solution for processing big data. Cloud service providers have heterogeneous resources and offer a wide range of services with various processing capabilities. Typically, cloud users set preferences when working on a cloud platform. Some users tend to prefer the cheapest services for the given tasks, whereas other users prefer solutions that ensure the shortest response time or seek solutions that produce services ensuring an acceptable response time at a reasonable cost. The main responsibility of the cloud service broker is identifying the best data centre to be used for processing user requests. Therefore, to maintain a high level of quality of service, it is necessity to develop a service broker policy that is capable of selecting the best data centre, taking into consideration user preferences (e.g. cost, response time). This paper proposes an efficient and cost-effective plan for a service broker policy in a cloud environment based on the concept of VIKOR. The proposed solution relies on a multi-criteria decision-making technique aimed at generating an optimized solution that incorporates user preferences. The simulation results show that the proposed policy outperforms most recent policies designed for the cloud environment in many aspects, including processing time, response time, and processing cost.

KEYWORDS
Cloud computing, data centre selection, service broker, VIKOR, user priorities
The life chronicle of a geologist as a historical and socio-anthropological source
Authors:   Barents Centre of the Humanities of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Razumova I. A. , Samorukova A. G. ,   Barents Centre of the Humanities of the Kola Science Center of RAS
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the book by I. D. Batieva about the life and work of the prominent scientist-geologist and mineralogist I. V. Belkov (1917–1989), who headed the Geological Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1961–1985. The goal is to determine the information capabilities of a chronicle memoir and biographical work. It is a source on the history of geological research and scientific everyday life of the Soviet era and a resource for the anthropology of science and the anthropology of professions. Of particular value are descriptions of field life, official and informal communications in the academic environment, scientific and festive events, and the organization of family life of geologists. The authors conclude that the significance of this book goes beyond the interests of the regional academic corporation. Among other memoir sources, it serves the purposes of self-knowledge, self-identification, and presentation of the professional community. A feature of the source is its complex nature. The book includes many letters of I. V. Belkov. Thanks to this, the facts are presented and evaluated from different points of view, which creates an anthropological perspectiv
“Skazki about confession”: on the question of the confessional practice of the monks of the Olonets uezd in the Peter the Great era
Authors:   National Park “Vodlozersky”, Kozhevnikova Yu. N.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the "skazki" (documents) about the confessions of the monks of Olonets Uyezd (County) for the first time. These are special documents compiled by the superiors of male and female monasteries of the region and contain information about how the procedure for confessing monks was organized in the Peter the Great era. The study is preceded by a brief overview of the legislation regulating the terms of confession of sins and choosing a confessor in the Russian Orthodox Church. The conclusion is made about the important informational significance of the presented documents for studying the features of monastic confessional practice in Olonets Uezd (County) in the first quarter of the XVIII century.
Features of Digital Video Content Consumption on the YouTube Platform
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Gorelova Tamara P. , Serebrovskaya Tamara V. ,   Synergy University
Published: December 2021

The article examines the features of digital consumer behavior on the example of the YouTube platform, in order to maintain leading position in the market of platforms with video content. Therefore, there is a need to follow the latest trends that are interesting for consumers to adapt to changes in their preferences and maintain a commitment to the product. The purpose of the study: to analyze the preferences of the digital consumer of the video services market, to identify strategies aimed at improving the efficiency of the social network, to make recommendations for maintaining the advantages of the platform. Objectives: identify the reasons of the choice of a social network and the unique needs of the modern digital consumer, the main categories of users of mobile technologies and their characteristics, develop recommendations for the promotion of the YouTube platform. General scientific methods: analysis, abstraction, system-structural approach. Based on the analysis of studies of international and Russian organizations on the activities of the social network YouTube, a survey of potential digital consumers of this social network, contractual features of the behavior of the modern digital consumer YouTube were identified. General recommendations for optimizing the YouTube platform are formulated, which will help significantly influence the digital consumer and strengthen the competitive position of the YouTube platform and other social networks. It is determined that today the content created in accordance with the latest trends is the most attractive for the digital consume.
Competitive Advantages as an Element of the Strategy of an Educational Organization (Based on the V. L. Kvint’s Methodology)
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Shatskaya Irina V.
Published: December 2021

Competitive advantages are an important economic category that is receiving close attention from researchers. Any organization needs to have distinctive characteristics in order to distinguish it from other market participants. This rule is also relevant for educational organizations that operate in the educational services market, which is characterized by a stable increase in the level of competition. Thus, the relevance of this study is due to the necessity to find optimal methods for solving the problem of competition between educational organizations in the higher education system. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the competitive advantages of an educational organization, as well as to study the factors contributing to their formation and development. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are set: to reveal the content of the competitive advantages of an educational organization; to formulate the factors characterizing the competitiveness of an educational organization; put forward recommendations related to the formation and development of competitive advantages of an educational organization. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the issues of managing the competitiveness of an economic entity, including an educational organization. The author’s scientific conclusions are based on the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing by the outstanding scientist V. L. Kvint. To substantiate the achieved results, a set of scientific methods and approaches were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, scientific theory. As a result of the research, based on the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing by V. L. Kvint, the essence of the competitive advantages of an educational organization as an element of its strategy is revealed. It is concluded that competitive advantages are an essential element of the strategic architecture, which, firstly, ensures the effectiveness of the strategy, and secondly, is a kind of filter in the goal-setting system of an educational organization. A number of recommendations related to the management of the competitive advantages of an educational organization are put forward.
On the Relationship between Risk Sustainability and Economic Security in a Competitive Environment
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Timoshin Alexander A. , Orlova Tatiana S. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the fact that in modern conditions of economic instability and increasing competition, there is a high degree of uncertainty, both in the external and internal environment. All this forces business entities to constantly monitor the environment, look for alternative management solutions aimed at ensuring the risk resistance of the enterprise while maintaining the optimal level of profitability. Many obstacles exist in the conduct of business activities: information uncertainty, unstable economic environment, unpredictability of market conditions, prices, supply and demand, consumers’ ability to pay, low efficiency of the tax system. In this regard, an increasing number of enterprises are introducing risk assessment and analysis systems in their practice. However, due to the fact that each functioning enterprise differs in a number of specific features and, first of all, in economic activity, size, business processes, today there is no single methodological approach to risk management. In the scientific literature, there are many alternative methods for identifying risk factors and their assessment, but they are all considered through the prism of the specific characteristics of an economic entity. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to substantiate the relationship between risk resistance and economic security in order to ensure the strengthening of the competitiveness of the functioning of a small enterprise. Especially the authors of the article highlighted the review of scientific opinions of such concepts as “risk resistance”, “economic security of the enterprise”. The article is devoted to the consideration of such an important aspect of the life of an enterprise as ensuring its competitiveness. In this regard, the authors focus their attention on the relationship and impact on the economic security of the enterprise of its risk resistance. On a specific example, a model of the relationship between financial stability and economic security of a small enterprise is presented. The article examines the scientific positions and points of view of various researchers on this issue, formulates the authors’ opinion based on these observations, describes the main conclusions and recommendations.
Assessment of Gender Differences Characteristic of the Main Stages of Entrepreneurial Activity
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Pinkovetskaia Iuliia S.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of participation of women and men in business activities in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the initial stage of entrepreneurship, stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the exit of entrepreneurs from their businesses. As a starting point, the study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project. In the course of the work, the assessment of nine indicators characterizing such stages as start- up and stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the termination of this activity, was considered. The study developed functions that show the distribution of indicators across 59 countries that describe the proportion of women and men in the three main stages of entrepreneurship. In addition, gender differences in these three stages were assessed. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of entrepreneurial activity, that is, women participate in it to a lesser extent than men. Comparing the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that both women and men in our country are less interested in an entrepreneurial career in contrast to other countries. The results obtained are new and original. They have theoretical and practical implications for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.
PENGELOLAAN TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN PEGAWAI DI BIRO HUMAS DAN PROTOKOL SEKRETARIAT DAERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Maharani Rizki
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai di Biro Humas dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan untuk teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Pembahasannya diarahkan untuk mengetahui fakta yang sebenarnya bagaimana pengelolaan tersebut dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pengelolaan Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai di Biro Humas dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan kurang baik. Hal tersebut dikarenakan hanya dua aspek pengelolaan oleh Biro Humas dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yang dalam teorinya sudah baik, tetapi seluruh aspek tidak diterapkan dengan baik. Empat aspek pengelolaan yakni: Perencanaan, Pengorganisasian, Pengarahan, dan Pengawasan, hanya aspek Perencanaan dan Pengorganisasian yang dilaksanakan dengan cukup baik tetapi belum maksimal oleh Biro Humas dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan.
Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai.
PENGARUH PERCEIVED VALUE TERHADAP LOYALITAS DENGAN VARIABEL KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA UMKM DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Ali , Situmorang Irvan Relyesh
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Menganalisis pengaruh langsung variabel perceived value terhadap loyalitas; 2) Menganalisis pengaruh langsung variabel kepuasan konsumen terhadap loyalitas; 3) Menganalisis moderasi variabel kepuasan konsumen antara perceived value dan loyalitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan 211 individu pelaku UMKM yang tersebar di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Setelah data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SEM-PLS, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel variabel perceived value berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel loyalitas (? = 0.476, p = 0.000). Variabel kepuasan konsumen juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan arah yang positif terhadap variabel loyalitas (? = 0.288, p = 0.000). Dari sisi moderasi, diketahui juga ternyata variabel kepuasan konsumen memoderasi variabel perceived value dalam pengaruhnya terhadap loyalitas konsumen (? = 0.443, p = 0.000). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan pelaku usaha, khususnya UMKM untuk memperhatikan dan meningkatkan perceived value agar kepuasan konsumen dapat meningkat, yang nantinya akan berdampak pada peningkatan loyalitas konsumen sehingga pembelian ulang terus terjadi.
Kata Kunci: Perceived Value, Kepuasan Konsumen, Loyalitas
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN DANA PERIMBANGAN TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Pane Yonson , Simarmata Asianna Martini , Rezeki Sri , Rinaldi Muhammad , Panggabean Fitri Yani
Published: December 2021

Tujuan makalah ini untuk menganalisis pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) dan dana perimbangan yang terdiri dari dana bagi hasil (DBH), dana alokasi umum (DAU), dan dana alokasi khusus (DAK) terhadap belanja modal. Penelitian dilakukan pada kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Utara dengan menggunakan data skunder berupa data realisasi Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) dari 2015 sampai 2019. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda yang digunakan untuk menguji kelima hipotesis yaitu untuk menganalisis: 1) pengaruh PAD dan dana perimbangan yang terdiri dari DBH, DAUK, dan DAK terhadap belanja modal secara simlutan; 2) pengaruh PAD terhadap belanja modal; 3) pengaruh DBH terhadap belanja modal; 4) pengaruh DAU terhadap belanja modal; dan 5) pengaruh DAK terhadap belanja modal. Pengujian normalitas, multikolinearitas, autokorelasi, dan heteroskedastisitas menunjukkan dukungan data yang diperoleh, sehingga dapat dilanjutkan untuk pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian membuktikan pengujian hipotesis bahwa PAD dan dana perimbangan berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal secara simultan. Akan tetapi, pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa DAU tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap belanja modal, sedangkan variabel independen lainnya seperti PAD, DBH, dan DAK berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal. Kesenjangan DAU yang diterima antar pemerintah daerah menjadi perhatian yang serius bagi pemerintah pusat dalam memberikan dana perimbangan.
Kata Kunci: Belanja Modal, DAK, DAU, DBH, PAD.
DETERMINAN MINAT GENERASI MILENIAL DALAM INVESTASI PASAR MODAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hening Karatri Rhealin , Faidah Faridhatun , Lailyah Nurzahroh
Published: December 2021

Berinvestasi di pasar modal ini mulai diminati oleh generasi milenial, terutama di masa pandemi Covi-19 ini. Argumentasi ini disebabkan karena selama pandemi Covid-19 aktivitas hanya perlu dilakukan di dalam rumah. Tujuan untuk berinvestasi pada pasar modal yaitu menjaga keuntungan bahkan dari rumah saja. Tujuan dari peneltian ini untuk menunjukkan variabel yang mempengaruhi minat generasi milenial untuk investasi di pasar modal di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini memakai metode kuantitatif dengan populasi sebanyak 14.478 dengan kriteria generasi milenial yang ada di Kabupaten Kudus dengan rentang usia kelahiran tahun 1982-2002. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner online yang disebar kepada 100 responden milenial di Kabupaten Kudus. Data responden dianalisis memakai regresi linier berganda melalui software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pengetahuan investasi dan motivasi tidak ada pengaruh pada minat investasi di pasar modal di masa pandemi Covid-19, sedangkan risiko investasi dan kemajuan teknologi berpengaruh pada minat generasi milenial dalam investasi di pasar modal pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, para milenial harus tertarik untuk menginvestasikan modalnya di pasar modal guna memberikan kesiapan jangka panjang atau peluang pendanaan di saat krisis dan pandemi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini pat memberikan kontribusi kepada masyarakat luas khususnya generasi muda agar lebih paham dan berminat dalam investasi di pasar modal.
ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF LANDFILLS ON SOILS IN THE SERPUKHOV DISTRICT (MOSCOW REGION)
Authors: Suleymanov Azamat , Abakumov Evgeny , Zakharenko Igor , Suleymanov Ruslan
Published: December 2021

Cartographic materials are an important tool for different purposes. Environmental maps are essential for various activities aimed at protecting the environment. The work presents the experience of creating a map called “Landfills in the Serpukhov district” using GIS and remote sensing data. Garbage wastes polygons sites are divided into three types: municipal solid waste, illegal landfills and biological waste. The soil cover of the region is mainly represented by Retisols and Luvic Retic Phaeozem soils. The map allowed us to evaluate the current situation and the spatial location of landfills on different soil types (including the variation of soil texture).
THE THE SWAPPING APPROACH IN THE COURSE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION: CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Malashevskyi Mykola , Malashevska Olena
Published: December 2021

The paper is concerned with the issues of the voluntary land consolidation using the exchange method at land relations reforming. The objective of the article is the substantiation of the exchange method aiming at the large and small land owners (land users) land tenure optimization and the formation of approaches with the help of which the mutual alignment of their interests can be achieved. Land plot ownership and tenure rights exchange by the relative value has been substantiated. It is suggested to define the relative value based on the principle of juxtaposition of land plots by their qualitative, spatial and technological characteristics. The land plots exchange modelling has been improved according to the relative value application and due to the existing land plots boundaries retaining at the exchange. The effectiveness of the suggested land plots exchange method has been demonstrated at the land tenure optimization of an agricultural enterprise and some households in Kyiv Region. Alternative land consolidation projects based on the land plots exchange have been developed, the results of which demonstrate the advantages of the voluntary land consolidation based on the suggested methodology.
Local Environments of Low-redshift Supernovae
Authors: Cronin Serena A. , Utomo Dyas , Leroy Adam K. , Behrens Erica A. , Chastenet Jérémy , Holland-Ashford Tyler , Koch Eric W. , Lopez Laura A. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Williams Thomas G.
Published: December 2021

We characterize the local (2 kpc sized) environments of Type Ia, II, and Ib/c supernovae (SNe) that have recently occurred in nearby (d ≲ 50 Mpc) galaxies. Using ultraviolet (UV; from Galaxy Evolution Explorer) and infrared (IR; from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) maps of 359 galaxies and a sample of 472 SNe, we measure the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) and stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) in a 2 kpc beam centered on each SN site. We show that core-collapse SNe are preferentially located along the resolved galactic star-forming main sequence, whereas Type Ia SNe are extended to lower values of ΣSFR at fixed Σ⋆, indicative of locations inside quiescent galaxies or quiescent regions of galaxies. We also test how well the radial distribution of each SN type matches the radial distributions of UV and IR light in each host galaxy. We find that, to first order, the distributions of all types of SNe mirror those of both near-IR light (3.4 and 4.5 μm, tracing the stellar mass distribution) and mid-IR light (12 and 22 μm, tracing emission from hot, small grains), and also resemble our best-estimate ΣSFR. All types of SNe appear more radially concentrated than the UV emission of their host galaxies. In more detail, the distributions of Type II SNe show small statistical differences from those of near-IR light. We attribute this overall structural uniformity to the fact that within any individual galaxy, ΣSFR and Σ⋆ track one another well, with variations in ΣSFR/Σ⋆ most visible when comparing between galaxies.
Improving the Spatial Resolution of Solar Images Using Generative Adversarial Network and Self-attention Mechanism*
Authors: Deng Junlan , Song Wei , Liu Dan , Li Qin , Lin Ganghua , Wang Haimin
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the new physics of the Sun has been revealed using advanced data with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory has accumulated abundant observation data for the study of solar activity with sufficient cadence, but their spatial resolution (about 1″) is not enough to analyze the subarcsecond structure of the Sun. On the other hand, high-resolution observation from large-aperture ground-based telescopes, such as the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory, can achieve a much higher resolution on the order of 0.″1 (about 70 km). However, these high-resolution data only became available in the past 10 yr, with a limited time period during the day and with a very limited field of view. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has greatly improved the perceptual quality of images in image translation tasks, and the self-attention mechanism can retrieve rich information from images. This paper uses HMI and GST images to construct a precisely aligned data set based on the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm and t0 reconstruct the HMI continuum images with four times better resolution. Neural networks based on the conditional GAN and self-attention mechanism are trained to restore the details of solar active regions and to predict the reconstruction error. The experimental results show that the reconstructed images are in good agreement with GST images, demonstrating the success of resolution improvement using machine learning.
Efficient Numerical Treatment of Ambipolar and Hall Drift as Hyperbolic System
Authors: Rempel M. , Przybylski D.
Published: December 2021

Partially ionized plasmas, such as the solar chromosphere, require a generalized Ohm’s law including the effects of ambipolar and Hall drift. While both describe transport processes that arise from the multifluid equations and are therefore of hyperbolic nature, they are often incorporated in models as a diffusive, i.e., parabolic process. While the formulation as such is easy to include in standard MHD models, the resulting diffusive time-step constraints do require often a computationally more expensive implicit treatment or super-time-stepping approaches. In this paper we discuss an implementation that retains the hyperbolic nature and allows for an explicit integration with small computational overhead. In the case of ambipolar drift, this formulation arises naturally by simply retaining a time derivative of the drift velocity that is typically omitted. This alone leads to time-step constraints that are comparable to the native MHD time-step constraint for a solar setup including the region from photosphere to lower solar corona. We discuss an accelerated treatment that can further reduce time-step constraints if necessary. In the case of Hall drift we propose a hyperbolic formulation that is numerically similar to that for the ambipolar drift and we show that the combination of both can be applied to simulations of the solar chromosphere at minimal computational expense.
Self-consistent Ring Model in Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature Dips and Substructure Formation
Authors: Zhang 张 Shangjia 尚嘉 , Hu 胡 Xiao 晓 , Zhu 朱 Zhaohuan 照寰 , Bae Jaehan
Published: December 2021

Rings and gaps are ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks. Larger dust grains will concentrate in gaseous rings more compactly due to stronger aerodynamic drag. However, the effects of dust concentration on the ring’s thermal structure have not been explored. Using MCRT simulations, we self-consistently construct ring models by iterating the ring’s thermal structure, hydrostatic equilibrium, and dust concentration. We set up rings with two dust populations having different settling and radial concentration due to their different sizes. We find two mechanisms that can lead to temperature dips around the ring. When the disk is optically thick, the temperature drops outside the ring, which is the shadowing effect found in previous studies adopting a single-dust population in the disk. When the disk is optically thin, a second mechanism due to excess cooling of big grains is found. Big grains cool more efficiently, which leads to a moderate temperature dip within the ring where big dust resides. This dip is close to the center of the ring. Such a temperature dip within the ring can lead to particle pileup outside the ring and feedback to the dust distribution and thermal structure. We couple the MCRT calculations with a 1D dust evolution model and show that the ring evolves to a different shape and may even separate to several rings. Overall, dust concentration within rings has moderate effects on the disk’s thermal structure, and a self-consistent model is crucial not only for protoplanetary disk observations but also for planetesimal and planet formation studies.
Otto Will (1910-1993) et l’art de la relation : plus simplement humain qu’autre chose
Authors: Gorney James E.
Published: December 2021

Otto Will fut l’un des psychothérapeutes les plus créatifs du xx e  siècle, et pourtant son travail est peu connu. Cet article restitue et transmet son héritage. Pendant sa carrière à Chestnut Lodge et à Austin Riggs, le Dr Will a enseigné en donnant des exemples, incitant les autres à s’engager avec audace dans le traitement psychanalytique des psychoses à long terme. S’inspirant de ses deux analystes, Harry Stack Sullivan et Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, il a exploré le pouvoir thérapeutique de l’attachement et de la relation interpersonnelle. En tant que thérapeute, Otto se présentait lui-même avec toutes ses failles, admettant ses erreurs et connaissant ses limites. Une telle réceptivité engendrait en retour pareilles réponses de la part de l’autre. En forgeant une relation vitale avec de nombreux patients gravement traumatisés, il a fait preuve d’un don exceptionnel pour la rencontre. Je m’appuierai sur ma propre expérience en tant que collègue du Dr Will pour raconter son histoire tant personnelle que professionnelle, et pour rendre compte de toutes ses contributions uniques à la technique analytique. Son art de la relation sera illustré à travers le récit d’histoires et d’exemples singuliers.
« Dans la simplicité de son destin »
Authors: Bonnet Christine
Published: December 2021

Soins palliatifs et demande d’euthanasie ne s’opposent pas, l’un et l’autre s’exercent dans l’inauthenticité ou dans l’authenticité tant pour le patient que pour les soignants. Nous évoquons la demande d’euthanasie authentique, mais certaines demandes se situent dans la fuite, l’esquive, nous évoquons les parades rassurantes des soins palliatifs mais ils peuvent porter à l’ouverture dans le devancement vers la mort, par une sollicitude authentique.
Antioxidant activity ofGryllus assimilis meal hydrolysed byAspergillus oryzae proteases
Authors: Machado J. , Porfírio J.C. , Koike M.A. , Fleuri L.F. , Bagagli M.P.
Published: December 2021

The consumption of insects is an alternative protein source of a high nutritional value, in comparison to other traditional animal and vegetable proteins, and is suitable for food and as animal feed. This work aimed to study the antioxidant activity of cricket meal (Gryllus assimilis) partially hydrolysed by proteases from aAspergillus oryzae, which was cultivated in the cricket meal. The cricket meal showed great potential for obtaining protease fromA. oryzae, with an average enzymatic activity of 112±8 U/g of dry substrate after 96 h of fermentation. The enzymatic extract applied to the cricket meal increased its antioxidant properties, increasing the reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by 2 times, compared to non-hydrolysed cricket meal. These initial results are promising, demonstrating the benefits of the partial hydrolysis of cricket meal.
Evaluation of the impact of pre- and post-harvest maize handling practices on mycotoxin contamination on smallholder farms in Guatemala
Authors: Garsow A. , Mendez D. , Torres O. , Kowalcyk B.
Published: December 2021

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi includingAspergillus andFusarium that commonly contaminate crops, such as maize, resulting in economic losses and food insecurity. Mycotoxins can contaminate crops during pre- and post-harvest stages. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods has been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes including liver cancer, stunting, and neural tube defects. In countries such as Guatemala where maize constitutes a major portion of the diet, mycotoxins can be a significant contributor to disease burden. This review describes maize pre- and post-harvest practices in Guatemala that can lead to the development of mycotoxins and subsequent exposure to humans and animals, current information gaps, and opportunities for future research. There are specific challenges to minimising fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production during storage of maize in Guatemala, including reducing moisture content, minimising pest damage, and controlling temperature. Research on maize-handling practices that are associated with the greatest mycotoxin exposure in Guatemala is needed to prioritise allocation of resources and reduce exposure.
Local bit-plane neighbour dissimilarity pattern in non-subsampled shearlet transform domain for bio-medical image retrieval
Authors: Baruah Hilly Gohain ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India, Nath Vijay Kumar , Hazarika Deepika , Hatibaruah Rakcinpha
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a novel descriptor non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) local bit-plane neighbour dissimilarity pattern (NSST-LBNDP) for biomedical image retrieval based on NSST, bit-plane slicing and local pattern based features. In NSST-LBNDP, the input image is first decomposed by NSST, followed by introduction of non-linearity on the NSST coefficients by computing local energy features. The local energy features are next normalized into 8-bit values. The multiscale NSST is used to provide translational invariance and has flexible directional sensitivity to catch more anisotropic information of an image. The normalised NSST subband features are next decomposed into bit-plane slices in order to capture very fine to coarse subband details. Then each bit-plane slices of all the subbands are encoded by exploiting the dissimilarity relationship between each neighbouring pixel and its adjacent neighbours. Experiments on two computed tomography (CT) and one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image datasets confirms the superior results of NSST-LBNDP when compared to many recent well known relevant descriptors both in terms of average retrieval precision (ARP) and average retrieval recall (ARR).
Role of 5G Communication Along With Blockchain Security in Brain-Computer Interfacing
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Mudassir , Ahuja Kiran
Published: December 2021

The electroencephalogram is used in brain-computer interface (BCI) in which signal from the human brain is sensed with the help of EEG and then sent to the computer to control the external device without having any touch of muscular body parts. On the other hand, the brain chip interfacing (BCHIs) is a microelectronic chip that has physical connections with the neurons for the transfer of information. The BCI needs a reliable, high-speed network and new security tool that can assist BCI technology. 5G network and blockchain technology is ideal to support the growing needs of brain chip interfacing. Further, the Cloudmind, which is an emerging application of BCI, can be conceptualized by using blockchain technology. In this chapter, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are expedient to bridge the connectivity chasm between human and machine (computer) systems via 5G technologies, which offers minimal latency, faster speeds, and stronger bandwidth connectivity with strong cryptographic qualities of blockchain technologies.
The Correlation Between Income Inequality and Population Health
Authors: Inam Betül , Murat Dilek
Published: December 2021

Today, despite the increase in global wealth, the income gap between the rich and the poor gradually widens. This gap is significant in both developed and developing nations. Thus, increasing income inequality adversely affects several socio-economic indicators. Previous studies demonstrated that one of the socio-economic indicators that were negatively affected by income inequality is population health. The income inequality experienced by the individuals or throughout life adversely affects several populations' health outputs, especially life expectancy at birth. The present study aimed to test the correlation between income inequality and population health output indicators with canonical correlation method and based on the most current data available for several nations. To determine the correlation between the two datasets, the 2017 data for 29 European countries and Turkey were analyzed. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the income inequality and population health indicator datasets.