bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal supplements of maximal tori in their normalizers for the groups
Authors: Galt A. A. , Staroletov A. M.
Published: July 2021

Let

be a finite group of Lie type

and

the Weyl group of

. For every maximal torus

of

, we find the minimal order of a supplement of

in its algebraic normalizer

. In particular, we find all the maximal tori that have a complement in

. Let

correspond to an element

of

. We find the minimal orders of the lifts of the elements

in

.
Convergence of Bieberbach polynomials: Keldysh’s theorems and Mergelyan’s conjecture
Authors: Aptekarev A. I.
Published: July 2021

Results due to Keldysh on the convergence of Bieberbach polynomials and the density of polynomials in spaces of analytic functions are considered. Their further development and relevance in the contemporary context of constructive complex analysis are discussed. Particular focus is placed on Mergelyan’s conjecture on the rate of convergence in a domain with smooth boundary, which is still open.

Bibliography: 20 titles.
Genetic parameters of blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration in dairy cattle managed in pasture-based production systems of New Zealand and Australia
Authors: van den Berg Irene , Ho Phuong N. , Haile-Mariam Mekonnen , Beatson Phil R. , O’Connor Erin , Pryce Jennie E.
Published: July 2021

Context Urinary nitrogen excretion by grazing cattle causes environmental pollution. Selecting for cows with a lower concentration of urinary nitrogen excretion may reduce the environmental impact. While urinary nitrogen excretion is difficult to measure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR)-predicted BUN (MBUN), which is predicted from MIR spectra measured on milk samples, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) are potential indicator traits. Australia and New Zealand have increasing datasets of cows with urea records, with 18 120 and 15 754 cows with urea records in Australia and New Zealand respectively. A collaboration between Australia and New Zealand could further increase the size of the dataset by sharing data. Aims Our aims were to estimate genetic parameters for urea traits within country, and genetic correlations between countries to gauge the benefit of having a joint reference population for genomic prediction of an indicator trait that is potentially suitable for selection to reduce urinary nitrogen excretion for both countries. Methods Genetic parameters were estimated within country (Australia and New Zealand) in Holstein, Jersey and a multibreed population, for BUN, MBUN and MUN in Australia and MUN in New Zealand, using high-density genotypes. Genetic correlations were also estimated between the urea traits recorded in Australia and MUN in New Zealand. Analyses used the first record available for each cow or within days-in-milk (DIM) intervals. Key results Heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.32 for the various urea traits. Higher heritabilities were obtained for Jersey than for Holstein, and for the New Zealand cows than for the Australian cows. While urea traits were highly correlated within Australia (0.71–0.94), genetic correlations between Australia and New Zealand were small to moderate (0.08–0.58). Conclusions Our results showed that the heritability for urea traits differs among trait, breed, and country. While urea traits are highly correlated within country, genetic correlations between urea traits in Australia and MUN in New Zealand were only low to moderate. Implications Further study is required to identify the underlying causes of the difference in heritabilities observed, to compare the accuracies of different reference populations, and to estimate genetic correlations between urea traits and other traits such as fertility and feed intake. Larger datasets may help estimate genetic correlations more accurately between countries.
Satellite-based deforestation alerts with training and incentives for patrolling facilitate community monitoring in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Slough Tara , Kopas Jacob , Urpelainen Johannes
Published: July 2021

Significance

Remote-sensed deforestation alerts provide high-frequency information on tree cover loss in the Amazon. However, these alerts often do not reach immediately impacted populations. We conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of an externally facilitated community monitoring program in the Peruvian Amazon. The program selected, trained, and incentivized monitors to patrol communal forests while providing access to early deforestation alerts. This monitoring yielded imprecisely estimated reductions in average tree cover loss over 2 y of monitoring. Survey evidence suggests that community members perceived the new monitors as authorities with influence over forest management and that the monitors’ incentivized patrols substitute for traditional citizen patrols that suffer from free riding and inhibit timely detection of and responses to deforestation.
Adoption of community monitoring improves common pool resource management across contexts
Authors: Slough Tara , Rubenson Daniel , Levy Ro’ee , Alpizar Rodriguez Francisco , Bernedo del Carpio María , Buntaine Mark T. , Christensen Darin , Cooperman Alicia , Eisenbarth Sabrina , Ferraro Paul J. , Graham Louis , Hartman Alexandra C. , Kopas Jacob , McLarty Sasha , Rigterink Anouk S. , Samii Cyrus , Seim Brigitte , Urpelainen Johannes , Zhang Bing
Published: July 2021

Pervasive overuse and degradation of common pool resources (CPRs) is a global concern. To sustainably manage CPRs, effective governance institutions are essential. A large literature has developed to describe the institutional design features employed by communities that successfully manage their CPRs. Yet, these designs remain far from universally adopted. We focus on one prominent institutional design feature, community monitoring, and ask whether nongovernmental organizations or governments can facilitate its adoption and whether adoption of monitoring affects CPR use. To answer these questions, we implemented randomized controlled trials in six countries. The harmonized trials randomly assigned the introduction of community monitoring to 400 communities, with data collection in an additional 347 control communities. Most of the 400 communities adopted regular monitoring practices over the course of a year. In a meta-analysis of the experimental results from the six sites, we find that the community monitoring reduced CPR use and increased user satisfaction and knowledge by modest amounts. Our findings demonstrate that community monitoring can improve CPR management in disparate contexts, even when monitoring is externally initiated rather than homegrown. These findings provide guidance for the design of future programs and policies intended to develop monitoring capabilities in communities. Furthermore, our harmonized, multisite trial provides sustainability science with a new way to study the complexity of socioecological systems and builds generalizable insights about how to improve CPR management.
Microbiome signatures of progression toward celiac disease onset in at-risk children in a longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Leonard Maureen M. , Valitutti Francesco , Karathia Hiren , Pujolassos Meritxell , Kenyon Victoria , Fanelli Brian , Troisi Jacopo , Subramanian Poorani , Camhi Stephanie , Colucci Angelo , Serena Gloria , Cucchiara Salvatore , Trovato Chiara Maria , Malamisura Basilio , Francavilla Ruggiero , Elli Luca , Hasan Nur A. , Zomorrodi Ali R. , Colwell Rita , Fasano Alessio ,   The CD-GEMM Team, Montuori Monica , Piemontese Pasqua , Calvi Angela , Baldassarre Mariella , Norsa Lorenzo , Raguseo Celeste Lidia , Passaro Tiziana , Roggero Paola , Crocco Marco , Morelli Annalisa , Perrone Michela , Sansotta Naire , Chieppa Marcello , Scala Giovanni , Lionetti Maria Elena , Catassi Carlo , Serretiello Adelaide , Vecchi Corrado , de Villsante Gemma Castillejo
Published: July 2021

Significance

The incidence of chronic inflammatory autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease (CD), is increasing at an alarming rate. CD is the only autoimmune condition for which the trigger, gluten, is known. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely defined as recent studies suggest other environmental stimuli may play a key role in CD pathogenesis. Here, we prospectively examine the trajectory of the gut microbiota starting 18 mo before CD onset in 10 infants who developed CD and 10 infants who did not. We identified alterations in the gut microbiota, functional pathways, and metabolome before CD onset, suggesting our approach may be used for disease prediction with the ultimate goal of identifying early preventive interventions to reestablish tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.
A call for structured ethics appendices in social science papers
Authors: Asiedu Edward , Karlan Dean , Lambon-Quayefio Monica , Udry Christopher
Published: July 2021

Ethics in social science experimentation and data collection are often discussed but rarely articulated in writing as part of research outputs. Although papers typically reference human subjects research approvals from relevant institutional review boards, most recognize that such boards do not carry out comprehensive ethical assessments. We propose a structured ethics appendix to provide details on the following: policy equipoise, role of the researcher, potential harms to participants and nonparticipants, conflicts of interest, intellectual freedom, feedback to participants, and foreseeable misuse of research results. We discuss each of these and some of the norms and challenging situations of each. We believe that discussing such issues explicitly in appendices of papers, even if briefly, will serve two purposes: more complete communication of ethics can improve discussions of papers and can clarify and improve the norms themselves.
Dopamine controls whether new declarative information updates reactivated memories through reconsolidation
Authors: Gonzalez María Carolina , Rossato Janine I. , Radiske Andressa , Bevilaqua Lia R. M. , Cammarota Martín
Published: July 2021

Consolidation and reconsolidation are independent memory processes. Consolidation stabilizes new memories, whereas reconsolidation restabilizes memories destabilized when reactivated during recall. However, the biological role of the destabilization/reconsolidation cycle is still unknown. It has been hypothesized that reconsolidation links new information with reactivated memories, but some reports suggest that new and old memories are associated through consolidation mechanisms instead. Object-recognition memory (ORM) serves to judge the familiarity of items and is essential for remembering previous events. We took advantage of the fact that ORM consolidation, destabilization, and reconsolidation can be pharmacologically dissociated to demonstrate that, depending on the activation state of hippocampal dopamine D1/D5 receptors, the memory of a novel object presented during recall of the memory of a familiar one can be formed via reconsolidation or consolidation, but only reconsolidation can link them. We also found that recognition memories formed through reconsolidation can be destabilized even if indirectly reactivated. Our results indicate that dopamine couples novelty detection with memory destabilization to determine whether a new recognition trace is associated with an active network and suggest that declarative reminders should be used with caution during reconsolidation-based psychotherapeutic interventions.
Socioeconomic development predicts a weaker contraceptive effect of breastfeeding
Authors: Todd Nicolas , Lerch Mathias
Published: July 2021

Significance

Breastfeeding suppresses postpartum fecundity (the capacity for reproduction). This mechanism is critically important to control fertility (actual reproduction) when contraception is uncommon. Whether dependence of the contraceptive effect of breastfeeding on environmental conditions is strong enough to have a significant effect on fertility remains unclear. Analyzing 2.7 million births in 84 low- and middle-income countries over the past four decades, we find a dramatic weakening of the breastfeeding–postpartum amenorrhea relationship that correlates with improved living standards. These results suggest that, in the absence of contraception, the effect of breastfeeding on fertility depends on the level of socioeconomic development.
Awareness and use of (emergency) sick leave: US employees’ unaddressed sick leave needs in a global pandemic
Authors: Jelliffe Emma , Pangburn Paul , Pichler Stefan , Ziebarth Nicolas R.
Published: July 2021

We study US sick leave use and unaddressed sick leave needs in the midst of the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS COV 2) pandemic based on a representative survey. More than half of all US employees are unaware of the new emergency sick leave options provided by the federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA). Awareness and take-up rates are significantly higher among Asian Americans and lower among the foreign-born. About 8 million employees used emergency sick leave in the first 6 to 8 mo. Nevertheless, the share of employees who needed but could not take paid sick leave tripled in the pandemic; unaddressed sick leave needs total 15 million employees per month and are 69% higher among women. Our findings show that access to paid sick leave significantly reduces unaddressed sick leave needs. We conclude that given the fragmented US sick leave landscape, to address the strong increase in unaddressed sick leave needs during the pandemic, federal FFCRA response was not adequate.
Immigrant linguistic integration in the multilingual context of Montreal
Authors: Bousmah Ibrahim , Grenier Gilles
Published: July 2021

We investigate the relative intensity of use of English and French at home for allophone immigrants in the Montreal metropolitan area. We find that the linguistic distances between immigrants’ mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use at home of the two Canadian official languages. However, immigrants whose mother tongues are closer to French than to English are relatively less likely to use an official language at home. We further investigate the role of spousal and other characteristics on the integration of immigrants. The results suggest that the home environment is an important factor contributing to the linguistic integration. Individuals exposed to an official language at home with their spouse have significantly higher rates of linguistic integration. Also, English is more attractive than French in the sense that immigrants with an Anglophone partner will have higher integration rates to English than those with a Francophone partner integrating to French.
Robust photothermal anti-icing/deicing via flexible CMDSP carbon nanotube films
Authors: Xu Jing , Gong Xiaojing , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: July 2021

Photothermal anti-icing/deicing technology is an environmentally friendly surface technology that can be applied to the surface of aircraft, vehicles or ships. However, it is still a huge challenge to develop a strong and stable flexible film that can efficiently convert light to heat. Here, based on a simple electrochemical method to construct a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoneedles structure on the surface of the carbon nanotube film, a film with the function of condensed micro-droplet self-propelling (CMDSP) was successfully prepared. The prepared film has excellent light absorption capacity and high energy transfer efficiency (76.71%). The film has strong photothermal anti-icing/deicing performance. Under 4406 Lux light irradiation, even under low temperature conditions of −5 °C, the icing delay time exceeds 4 h. This novel characteristic is attributed to the CMDSP function on the surface and the ultra-fast evaporation mechanism, which can remove water droplets on the surface as quickly as possible. This function helps to design energy-saving equipment that requires high-power heating and deicing.
Observation of blackbody radiation enhanced superradiance in ultracold Rydberg gases
Authors: Hao Liping , Bai Zhengyang , Bai Jingxu , Bai Suying , Jiao Yuechun , Huang Guoxiang , Zhao Jianming , Li Weibin , Jia Suotang
Published: July 2021

An ensemble of excited atoms can synchronize emission of light collectively in a process known as superradiance when its characteristic size is smaller than the wavelength of emitted photons. The underlying superradiance depends strongly on electromagnetic (photon) fields surrounding the atomic ensemble. High mode densities of microwave photons from 300 K blackbody radiation (BBR) significantly enhance decay rates of Rydberg states to neighbouring states, enabling superradiance that is not possible with bare vacuum induced spontaneous decay. Here we report observations of the superradiance of ultracold Rydberg atoms embedded in a bath of room-temperature photons. The temporal evolution of the Rydberg |nD⟩ to |(n + 1)P⟩ superradiant decay of Cs atoms (n the principal quantum number) is measured directly in free space. Theoretical simulations confirm the BBR enhanced superradiance in large Rydberg ensembles. We demonstrate that the van der Waals interactions between Rydberg atoms change the superradiant dynamics and modify the scaling of the superradiance. In the presence of static electric fields, we find that the superradiance becomes slow, potentially due to many-body interaction induced dephasing. Our study provides insights into many-body dynamics of interacting atoms coupled to thermal BBR, and might open a route to the design of blackbody thermometry at microwave frequencies via collective, dissipative photon-atom interactions.
Quantum logic inspired techniques for spacetime-symmetry tests with (anti-)protons
Authors: Cornejo Juan M , Lehnert Ralf , Niemann Malte , Mielke Johannes , Meiners Teresa , Bautista-Salvador Amado , Schulte Marius , Nitzschke Diana , Borchert Matthias J , Hammerer Klemens , Ulmer Stefan , Ospelkaus Christian
Published: July 2021

Cosmological observations as well as theoretical approaches to physics beyond the standard model provide strong motivations for experimental tests of fundamental symmetries, such as CPT invariance. In this context, the availability of cold baryonic antimatter at CERN has opened an avenue for ultrahigh-precision comparisons of protons and antiprotons in Penning traps. This work discusses an experimental method inspired by quantum logic techniques that will improve particle localization and readout speed in such experiments. The method allows for sympathetic cooling of the (anti-)proton to its quantum-mechanical ground state as well as the readout of its spin alignment, replacing the commonly used continuous Stern–Gerlach effect. Both of these features are achieved through coupling to a laser-cooled ‘logic’ ion co-trapped in a double-well potential. This technique will boost the measurement sampling rate and will thus provide results with lower statistical uncertainty, contributing to stringent searches for time dependent variations in the data. Such measurements ultimately yield extremely high sensitivities to CPT violating coefficients acting on baryons in the standard-model extension, will allow the exploration of previously unmeasured types of symmetry violations, and will enable antimatter-based axion-like dark matter searches with improved mass resolution.
Plasmonic sensor with self-reference capability based on functional layer film composed of Au/Si gratings
Authors: Zhu Jiankai , Wang Xiangxian , Qi Yunping , Yu Jianli
Published: July 2021

We propose a simple one-dimensional grating coupling system that can excite multiple surface plasmon resonances for refractive index (RI) sensing with self-reference characteristics in the near-infrared band. Using theoretical analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method, the plasmonic mechanism of the structure is discussed in detail. The results show that the excited resonances are independent of each other and have different fields of action. The mode involving extensive interaction with the analyte environment achieves a high sensitivity of 1236 nm/RIU, and the figure of merit (FOM) can reach 145 RIU−1. Importantly, the mode that is insensitive to the analyte environment exhibits good self-reference characteristics. Moreover, we discuss the case of exchanging the substrate material with the analyte environment. Promising simulation results show that this RIsensor can be widely deployed in unstable and complicated environments
Cascading failures of overload behaviors using a new coupled network model between edges
Authors: Yan Yu-Wei , Jiang Yuan , Yu Rong-Bin , Yang Song-Qing , Hong Cheng
Published: July 2021

With the development of network science, the coupling between networks has become the focus of complex network research. However, previous studies mainly focused on the coupling between nodes, while ignored the coupling between edges. We propose a novel cascading failure model of two-layer networks. The model considers the different loads and capacities of edges, as well as the elastic and coupling relationship between edges. In addition, a more flexible load-capacity strategy is adopted to verify the model. The simulation results show that the model is feasible. Different networks have different behaviors for the same parameters. By changing the load parameters, capacity parameters, overload parameters, and distribution parameters reasonably, the robustness of the model can be significantly improved.
Numerical simulation of anode heat transfer of nitrogen arc utilizing two-temperature chemical non-equilibrium model*
Authors: Niu Chong , Sun Surong , Sun Jianghong , Wang Haixing
Published: July 2021

A detailed understanding of anode heat transfer is important for the optimization of arc processing technology. In this paper, a two-temperature chemical non-equilibrium model considering the collisionless space charge sheath is developed to investigate the anode heat transfer of nitrogen free-burning arc. The temperature, total heat flux and different heat flux components are analyzed in detail under different arc currents and anode materials. It is found that the arc current can affect the parameter distributions of anode region by changing plasma characteristics in arc column. As the arc current increases from 100 A to 200 A, the total anode heat flux increases, however, the maximum electron condensation heat flux decreases due to the arc expansion. The anode materials have a significant effect on the temperature and heat flux distributions in the anode region. The total heat flux on thoriated tungsten anode is lower than that on copper anode, while the maximum temperature is higher. The power transferred to thoriated tungsten anode, ranked in descending order, is heat flux from heavy-species, electron condensation heat, heat flux from electrons and ion recombination heat. However, the electron condensation heat makes the largest contribution for power transferred to copper anode.
Effect of vacancy defects on electronic band structure and magnetic moment of single-layered graphene: a density functional theory study
Authors: Yusran L O , Asih R , Arifin R , Darminto
Published: July 2021

In the present work, the density functional theory is used to study the electronic band structure and magnetic moment of single-layered pristine graphene and graphene with vacancy defects. The 4x4x1 supercell graphene consisting of 32 C atoms is used as pristine graphene (PG) and made the structure with a single vacancy (1V) and double vacancies (2V). The results show that the Dirac cone that exists in pristine graphene disappears in the graphene with vacancies. The DOS of spin up and down electrons in graphene with vacancies shows a mismatch, which is due to unpaired electrons. Vacancy defects also cause the presence of states at the Fermi level, which are not found in pristine graphene. Then, the double vacancies have a higher magnetic moment value than the single vacancy.
Fabrication of solar cells based on a-Si: H layer of intrinsic double (P-i

x

-i

y

-N) with PECVD and Efficiency analysis
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Cahyono Yoyok , Darminto
Published: July 2021

The main idea of this research is to fabricate solar cells by doubling the intrinsic layer (P-i

x

-i

y

-N) a-Si:H by using PECVD. Double solar cell intrinsic layer (P-i

x

-i

y

-N) a-Si:H grown on glass substrates Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). To get double the intrinsic layer made with silane plasma dilution by hydrogen, with a ratio of hydrogen and silane, R = H2/SiH4 varied, while the extrinsic layer of n-type and n-type made constant for each sample. Then on the sample in the metal layer on the rear that act as electrical contacts and reflector light. Next on each sample were characterized or tuned physical properties, namely morphology thickness, optical properties are bandgap, the nature of electric namely electrical conductivity and characterization I-V solar cell layer of intrinsic double (P-ix-iy-N) a-Si: H with a sun simulator and sunlight. From the measurement of electrical conductivity of each sample seen that, fotorespon (σph/σpd) extrinsic layer which is the ratio of the light conductivity to the dark conductivity showed a value of not more than 101, while fotorespon (σph/σpd) layer can intrinsik reaches 105. Based on the characterization of I-V solar cell doubles the intrinsic layer (P-i

x

-i

y

-N) a-Si: H obtained in this study, resulting in really good conversion efficiency (8.48%).
Magnetoimpedance effect in symmetry and non-symmetry multilayers [Ni80Fe20/Cu]x/Cu/[Ni80Fe20/Cu]6-x on PCB Cu substrate
Authors: Rusydan DA , Putra CT , Sutomo AD , Nuryani  , Purnama B
Published: July 2021

The effect of magnetoimpedance (MI) on the multilayers [Ni80Fe20/Cu]x/Cu/[Ni80Fe20/Cu]6-x system i.e., symmetry (x = 3) and non-symmetry (x = 5) with the same total of thickness has been investigated. The multilayer samples were deposited on the meandered PCB Cu substrates by the electrodeposition methods. Whereas the MI ratio is carried out by the total impedance measurement at the frequency of 100 kHz under the sequence of magnetic fields. The MI measurements result show that the symmetry structure has a much larger MI ratio compared to non-symmetry structure. The open-magnetic flux configuration of the non-symmetry structure contributes to the lower MI ratio. Finally, the increase of the MI ratio with the increase of frequency is also confirmed in this experiment.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photodegradation Activity of Fe3O4@ZnO Nanoflowers
Authors: Mufti Nandang , Muyasaroh Anisa Fitri , Maulidah Ilmi Nur Faizana , Yusra Deris Afdal , Sunaryono
Published: July 2021

Technological advancement nowadays is detrimental to the environment. To deal with such a problem, waste decomposition should be carried out to produce a clean and healthy environment. In this study, the photodegradation method was used because it has advantages in efficiency and stability. The material used as a photodegradation catalyst was Fe3O4@ZnO nanoflowers. The synthesis of Fe3O4@ZnO nanoflowers was carried out using coprecipitation method for Fe3O4 and precipitation for composites. The variations in the mass of the catalyst used in this study were 50, 100, and 150 mg. The samples were characterized using an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) to analyze the phase, size, and crystal structure, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine morphology, and a photodegradation test to measure the photodegradation activity. The grain sizes of Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoflowers based on the Scherrer equation were 12.12 nm and 32.29 nm, respectively. Based on SEM characterization, the morphology of Fe3O4@ZnO nanoflowers showed a flower-like structure with an average diameter of 3.2 µm. The best performance of phenol photodegradation activity is 54.3 % obtained in the first cycle of 150 mg Fe3O4@ZnO nanoflowers under solar irradiation.
Fabrication And Analysis Of 3d Wind Sonic Using A Dual Transduser Sensor Arrangement
Authors: Barus E E , Muntini M S , Louk A C
Published: July 2021

In this research, Wind Sonic 3D fabrication and analysis have been carried out using the time of flight method and dual transducer sensor arrangement. The distance between the transducers (transmitter 1 – receiver 1) on each axis is 16 cm and the distance between the transducers (transmitter 1-receiver 2 and transmitter 2-receiver 1) is 3 mm and 10 mm. Wind sonic 3D uses a 40 kHz ultrasonic sensor. The wind sonic sensor calibration process is carried out in two conditions, namely conditions without interference and conditions with a wind speed of 2.3 m/s at two variations of the distance between the transducers. At the distance between the 3 mm transducer and the state without interference, the measurement range obtained is - 0.19 – 0.19 m/s and the state of wind speed is 2.3 m/s. The difference in the measurement range is -0.19 – 0.29 m/s with a percentage error value between 0-12.62 %. At the distance between the transducer of 10 mm with a state without interference, the measurement range obtained is 0 – 0.14 m/s and the state of wind speed is 2.3 m/s the difference in the measurement range is 0 – 0.21 m/s with the percentage error value on the X-axis between 1.28% - 9.14%, Y-axis between 0.29% - 8.61% and Z-axis between 0.05% - 7.44%. Based on the results of the calibration, it can be seen that to use a dual transducer sensor arrangement in wind sonic 3D, the minimum distance between the transducers is 10 mm to reduce the occurrence of wave interference and measurement errors.
Frequency response of Quartz Crystal Microbalance under uniaxial force
Authors: Zafirah T N , Triqadafi A O , Kusuma F J , Sakti S P
Published: July 2021

Piezoelectric material produces electric fields due to a change of material dimension as an impact of external force/stress applied. One of the piezoelectric materials that widely used for a sensor is quartz crystals. Cutting crystal at its AT-Cut angle causes this material to have piezoelectric properties. Phenomena that occur on quartz surfaces can be observed and expressed as changes in the resonance frequency of sensors. In this experiment, a continuous uniaxial force from 0 N to 10 N was applied to the surface of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The result shows that the resonance frequency of the QCM depends on the applied force. The resonance frequency increases as the applied force is increased. When the applied force is gradually decreased, the resonance frequency is also decreased and back to its original resonance frequency when there is no applied force. The frequency change of the sensor was linearly depend on the applied uniaxial force to the sensor.
Simulation of active noise reduction using LMS algorithm: synthetic and field data
Authors: Feriadi Y , Basir  , Sahran  , Taufiq M , Atmojo AY
Published: July 2021

Simulation of active noise reduction using least mean squares (LMS) algorithm was carried out to support the development of the ANC (active noise control) prototype, which will be applied to a four-wheeled medium class gasoline-fueled Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) with 2000-2400 cc engines. In this simulation, the LMS is applied to a set of synthetic and field data, to focus on the LMS being successfully applied to all field data, ignoring the delay time between errors and references microphone, and obtaining the optimal LMS step-size and order. Based on the simulation, positive result is shown by the LMS algorithm, where the best result, the superposition of the noise and antinoise signal attenuates and reaches convergence in about 20 ms. In addition, changes in the value of LMS orders do not significantly influence LMS predictions. On the other hand, the change in the step-size value is quite influential on the prediction, where the smaller the step-size, the longer the superposition time to reach convergence.
Thickness Measurement of Polystyrene Coating on QCM Sensor using Interferometvanry Principles
Authors: Anggraeni D , Sakti S P
Published: July 2021

Coating film thickness is one of many important aspects in the development of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) for chemical sensors and biosensors. The coating layer is utilized as a matrix layer for the bio-sensitive molecule or as a sensitive layer. Also, the coating thickness is an important physical parameter, which determines the sensitivity and stability of the QCM sensor. Commonly for the thin film or glassy film, the Sauerbrey equation was used to calculate the film thickness. However, the method is inaccurate for a rubbery film. In this study, a non-destructive method was developed to measure the thickness of a transparent layer deposited on QCM using the interferometry method. This interferometry method uses the principle of coherent light interference between the initial laser beam and the one that has passed through a transparent layer. In this work polystyrene film which is known as a glassy film was used. The results of this study show that the interferometry method can be used to measure the thickness of the polystyrene layer deposited on the QCM sensor, as a non-destructive measurement method. These results are validated by calculations from the Sauerbrey equation, in calculating the thickness of polystyrene-based on changes in the frequency of the QCM sensor, which is 0.421 micrometers.
Radio Frequency Interference Measurement in VHF and UHF Band at Kupang Area
Authors: Sitompul Peberlin , Batubara Mario , Manik Timbul , Suhandi Bambang
Published: July 2021

The radio frequency interference (RFI) measurements at Tilong, Kupang Area, was reported. The measurement is intended to obtain the RFI in frequency of 50 MHz up to 2 GHz by using dipole antenna, and a log periodic antenna for additional and Spectrum Analyser MS2721B. The measurements are to identify the RFI in Kupang Area, in Indonesia for the future plan in radio development for astronomy research and others. The dominant radio frequency with high power intensity are in frequency 76-225 MHz, 530-551 MHz, 580-760 MHz, 920-968 MHz.
Anthocyanin Development from Fruit Waste for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Puspitasari Nurrisma , Prajitno Gontjang , Mas Fakarani Fara Safira , Yudoyono Gatut , Darminto
Published: July 2021

Utilization of two parts of dragon fruit as a sensitizer greatly affects the performance and production costs of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Anthocyanin of natural dyes extracted from rind and flesh of dragon fruits are appear as potential candidates for photosensitizers because they are low cost, widely available, enviromental friendly and easy to make. Here, we use titanium dioxide as semiconductor for photoanode, carbon as catalyst for counter electrode, three various of dyes as sensitizer: dyes from dragon fruit grind (D1), dyes from dragon fruit flesh (D2), and D1 & D2 mixture. This DSSC is investigated with various characterizations, namely: optical characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, functional group characterization of dyes using FTIR, electrical characterization using RLC and I-V meter. The outcome shows that dragon fruit flesh achieves cell efficiency of up to 0.48 percent, which is close to the highest anthocyanin values found in literature and the highest dragon fruit anthocyanin values.
Hybrid single-photon, coherent, and vacuum states interference in the six-ports Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Ripala D P , Suryadi  , Rohedi A Y
Published: July 2021

We present a theoretical study of the interferences between hybrid single-photon state, coherent state, and vacuum state in the designed medium of a six-ports Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (6p-MZI). The hybrid three different quantum states were simultaneously injected into the input ports of the interferometer. The derivation result demonstrated that the output state showed the statistical blend states among a substituted single-photon state, coherent state, and vacuum state. Interestingly, our calculation results attested that the maximum probability of detected photons at the individual interferometer output ports were significantly dependents on the amplitude of the inputted coherent state.
Earthquake Magnitude Estimation Based on Machine Learning: Application to Earthquake Early Warning System
Authors: Apriani M , Wijaya S K , Daryono
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has high level of seismic activity, so determining magnitude of an earthquake is important in the Earthquake Early Warning System. In the Earthquake Early Warning System, the parameter magnitude must be estimated earlier, so that warnings can be disseminated before the S and surface waves arrive. In previous studies machine learning technology can be used to recognized earthquake events and extract hidden information with massive datasets. This study was a preliminary, proposed the alternative methods to calculate the earthquake magnitude as fast as possible, the data was 1s before and 3 seconds after the P wave from the 3-component single station raw seismogram historical data and developed with a classification deep neural network (DNN) model, classical machine learning random forest (RF) algorithm and the regression deep neural network (DNN). Results from the statistical analysis show that the waveform can be modelled by deep neural network (DNN) models. Classification DNN Model that we constructed reaches good pattern which final loss of 0.63. If it benchmarked to another model such as Random forest (RF), Classification DNN was a better model than RF which is determined by final loss of RF. Our recommendation related to estimate the magnitude from seismic raw modelling are better using Classification DNN with larger dataset. In our study, with relatively small dataset, modelling using RF algorithm can be another option. Another suggestion related this work was utilizing the Regression DNN, that resulting best alternative related to estimation of magnitude.
Studied Report: Two Dimension Electric Field Simulation Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays for Glucose-Blood Monitoring
Authors: Nasori N , Tahier Ahmad R.H , Hafida Nura H. , Rubiyanto A
Published: July 2021

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases globally that is caused by glucose. Glucose binds to hemoglobin in Red Blood Cell in minor unit Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). A large HbA1c concentration in blood indicates that a person has diabetes. This study has the aim to determine the different electric field distribution along with the different concentrations of glucose on blood. Nanorod arrays in this research produced from previous research with AAO template, then ZnO deposited inside with geometry size 150x150x500 nm are irradiated with light in the UV Vis wavelength range. The medium in this research was on a blood model with different glucose concentrations which have low glucose (hypoglycemia), normal glucose blood, and high glucose concentration (hyperglycemia). Electric field distribution depends on medium and wavelength analysed to determine the optimal value for Glucose-Blood monitoring. The result shows that the distribution pattern of the electric field at ZnO nanorod arrays with different mediums has a different value. It indicated from electric field maximum peak, the color contour of electric field distribution, and the absorbance of ZnO nanorod arrays. Finally, we got the optimal wavelength use for glucose blood monitoring was on wavelength around 400 nm.
FDTD Simulation of Magnetic Field Distribution in Normal and Blood Cancer for Treatment
Authors: Zulfa V Z , Farahdina U , Firdhaus M , Aziz I , Nasori N , Endarko E , Darsono D , Rubiyanto A
Published: July 2021

Non-invasive cancer treatment has the potential to eliminate infection and scar formation associated with surgery to minimize side effects. Light stimulation can use for treatment to increase efficiency, reduce treatment costs, eliminate infection, etc. Magnetic fields can improve blood circulation in tissues and stimulate the body’s metabolism. The magnetic field can induce joule heating and expand the blood vessels of cancerous tumors. These blood vessels increase the possibility of excess oxygen to enter the tumor creating obstacles to the survival of oxygen-rich cancers. In this study, we investigate finite difference times domain (FTDT) simulation of magnetic field in normal and blood cancer. The low frequency with range 10-106 is used in this study. The maximum magnetic field for normal blood and CLL1 is 400 nm and 250 nm in 125 cm electrode size. While for 50 nm electrode size, the maximum magnetic field in normal blood and CLL 1 is 400 nm and 300 nm. But there The maximum magnetic field for normal blood and CLL1 is 400 nm and 250 nm in 125 cm electrode size. While for 50 nm electrode size, the maximum magnetic field in normal blood and CLL 1 is 400 nm and 300 nm. But there is no peak for blood cancer in final stage CLL2.
Higher Dimensional Static Black Holes
Authors: Gunara Bobby Eka
Published: July 2021

In this paper we consider a class of static spacetimes called black holes which can be viewed as the solution of d-dimensional Einstein field equation together with equations of motions of matter fields. In this setup, the d
− 2-dimensional submanifold has to be Einstein with constant
d

−

2. Then, we give some examples of static black holes as follows. First, we discuss the case for Einstein vacuum equation. Second, the case of Einstein-matter system will be discussed, namely, Einstein-Maxwell theory, Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon theory, and Einstein-Skyrme theory.
Quantum teleportation of two-qubit states via W-State and GHZ-like States
Authors: Nusur F
Published: July 2021

We investigate the criteria for two-qubit states that could be transmitted via W-state. The appropriate criterias are entangled states which have maximum number of terms equal to number of channel terms and maximum of two different constants. We have also shown quantum teleportation of a particular type of two-qubit state via three-qubit GHZ-like states, with Alice possesses the first qubit of the channel and the rest belongs to Bob. GHZ-like state is an entangled state which has different characteristic from GHZ state. It is stronger against particle loss than GHZ state. Furthermore, GHZ-like states which can teleport a particular type of two-qubit state are GHZ-like states which have two terms.
Correlated single- and few-electron backgrounds milliseconds after interactions in dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers
Authors: Kopec A. , Baxter A.L. , Clark M. , Lang R.F. , Li S. , Qin J. , Singh R.
Published: July 2021

We characterize single- and few-electron backgrounds that are observed in dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers at timescales greatly exceeding a maximum drift time after an interaction. These instrumental backgrounds limit a detector's sensitivity to dark matter and cosmogenic neutrinos. Using the ∼ 150 g liquid xenon detector at Purdue University, we investigate how these backgrounds, produced after 122 keV 57Co Compton interactions, behave under different detector conditions. We find that the rates of single- and few-electron signals follow power-laws with time after the interaction. We observe linearly increasing rates with increased extraction field. The relationship of the rates in the single-electron background with increased drift field is unclear. Normalizing the rates to the primary interaction's measured ionization signal, the rates increase linearly with the depth of the interaction. We test the hypothesis that infrared photons (1550 nm) would stimulate and accelerate electron emission via photodetachment from impurities, but find that even 1 Watt of infrared light fails to reduce these backgrounds. We thus provide a characterization that can inform background models for low-energy rare event searches.
Corrigendum: Influence of interactions on the anomalous quantum Hall effect (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
53 195002)
Authors: Zhang C X , Zubkov M A
Published: July 2021

We correct a mistake in sign and related misprints found in the text of the paper ‘Influence of interactions on the anomalous quantum Hall effect’ (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
53 195002).
Utilization and optimization of the sustainability of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Simeulue waters, Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Burhanis  , Alaudin  , Edwarsyah  , Jaliadi  , Rozi A , Zulfadhli  , Fadhillah R , Zulradmi
Published: July 2021

Simeulue waters is an island directly on Indian Ocean border. These waters are a yellowfin tuna migration area and a target area for tuna fishermen of the South West coast of Aceh. Increased fishing can decrease the production. This research aimed to integrate the sustainable use of yellowfin tuna. The direct observation method refers to the sustainability status based on fishing technology. The findings of this study indicate the value of the sustainability status of the fishing technology aspect is 80.63. This value included in the good sustainable category. Furthermore, there are eight attributes used by researcher, namely fishing gear mobility, fishing gear strength, post-fishing handling, fish landed before being marketed, fishing gear selectivity, destructive fishing gear usage, machine capacity used by fishermen, equipment technology used by fishermen.
Carbon footprint of tuna and tuna like production landed based at Bitung fish port
Authors: Rahmadi P , Widodo A A , Marzuki R
Published: July 2021

It is well known that greenhouse gas effects are one of the main factors driving global warming. Substances that play a role in this phenomenon include Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) which is commonly called as Carbon Substances. The higher the levels of these substances in the air, the greater and faster impact of the greenhouse phenomenon can cause. The current status of global warming has encouraged us to make efforts to reduce and mitigate climate change. Calculation of the addition of carbon substances (Carbon Footprint Inventory - CFI) is the first step in an effort to deal with climate change. It is therefore, as one form of participation in the mitigation of global warming, the calculation of carbon production (carbon footprint) in Tunas (Tuna, Mackerel Tuna and Skipjack) fisheries has been done. The research was subject to Tunas production captured using Pole and Line and landed at Bitung fisheries port. This research utilized primary data collected by field survey, questionnaire, expert adjustment, and secondary data from various data sources both online and offline. The number of respondents were 16 fleets of Pole and Line based in Bitung fisheries port, including its captains, engine master and fishing master in each fleet. Several companies such as ice factories, processing and fuel dealers were also subjected as respondents. Flow charts and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) are used to map the needs and availability of data which are then applied to CFI based on ISO / TS 14067. CFI ISO/TS 14067 internationally has been published specifically to calculate the CFI of products. The result shows CFI of Tunas product in Bitung was 1.41 ± 0.80 kgCO2/kg of Tuna. This number is considered low compared to the CFI tuna fisheries on an international scale reported by the environmental working group - Americans for Prosperity (AFP) which is about 6.1 kg CO2/kg of fish. Unfortunately the report from AFP was stated in the general without recognizing the fishing gear whereas in this research it had only calculated the CFI on Pole and Line fisheries.