bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اليقظة الاستراتيجية وتأثيرها في تحقيق التفوق التنظيمي: بحث تحليلي في معمل سمنت القائم
Authors: محمد Ali
Published: February 2024

يهدف البحث الى تحديد  دور اليقظة الاستراتيجية كمتغير مستقل في التفوق التنظيمي  كمتغير تابع  في معمل سمنت القائم , تم اعتماد  منهج التحليلي الوصفي لإنجاز البحث الحالي , ومحاولة الخروج بمجموعة توصيات تعمل على تعزيز ممارسة وتبني متغيرات الدراسة في المنظمة المبحوثة , تم اختيار عينة البحث بصورة قصدية تمثلت ب (52) من العاملين في معمل سمنت القائم ,  اعتمد  الباحث على الاستبانة بصورة اساسية في جمع بيانات  البحث , وتم اعتماد برنامج  (SPSS) الاحصائي بالإضافة الى برنامج Excel)) في تحليل ومعالجة البيانات, اما ابرز النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث فتمثلت امتلاك معمل سمنت القائم يقظة تكنلوجية حديثة يستخدمها  في اعماله فضلا عن قدرة قياداته الادارية على مراقبة البيئة المحيطة  يعززها من خلال اليقظة الاستراتيجية , اما التوصيات فتمثلت بتعزيز اليقظة التجارية واليقظة التنافسية  و متابعة سوق العمل واحتياجات الزبائن والتركيز على العمل الجماعي واعطاء الموظفين فرصة لإظهار ابداعاتهم والذي يقود المنظمة الى التفوق التنظيمي .
الكلمات المفتاحية: اليقظة الاستراتيجية , التفوق التنظيمي , معمل سمنت القائم.
Obstacles to Investment in Iraq
Authors: AL-Falahy نزار , Verbitskaya نتاليا
Published: February 2024

Creating the right environment is one of the most important factors for attracting capital and investors. Also, the requirements that attract investment may be related to such as the availability of manpower, natural resources and market needs, and these are present in Iraq. There are requirements that the state must provide through appropriate legislation and laws, which require clarity and simplification, in addition to security and political stability because the capital operates in safe and stable conditions. Investment is of great importance to the Iraqi economy, for its role in the development and transfer of technology and modern technologies to contribute to the development of Iraq, increase and diversify its production base, and bypass the unilateral aspect that depends entirely on the export of crude oil, there are some obstacles that still remain and need to be resolved. Some obstacles to foreign investment in Iraq. The objective of the study is knowing the obstacles of the Iraqi investment environment
ՔՐԻՍՏԱՓՈՐ ՄԻՔԱՅԵԼՅԱՆԻ ԱՌԱՋԻՆ ԹՌՈՒՑԻԿԸ
1885 թ. փետրվարին հայկական դպրոցների փակման կապակցությամբ
Authors: Avagyan Gohar
Published: February 2024

In 1828-1829, after the annexation of other territories of the Transcaucasian region of Eastern Armenia to Russia, in the course of realization of the colonial and strengthening policy pursued by the tsarist government, a certain place was given to the field of education. The main goal was to increase the role of the Russian language in the region, and then from childhood to instill in the pupils a sense of submission and loyalty to the Russian throne and to prepare persons with certain professional qualifications to contribute to the economic development of the backward region.
ՆԱՀԱՏԱԿ ԱԶԳԻ ԱՌԱՔԵԼՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ
Authors: Khoudinyan Gevorg
Published: February 2024

Key words – mission, opportunity, Russian question, Turkish question, creativity, the meaning of the ark, new Ukraine, ferment.
ՀԱՅՈՑ ԵԿԵՂԵՑՈՒ ՆՎԻՐԱՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՐԳԻ ՎԵՐԱԿԱՆԳՆՈՒՄԸ ԱՆԱՆԻԱ ՄՈԿԱՑՈՒ ՕՐՈՔ (943-965)
Authors: Aleksanyan Vardan
Published: February 2024

During the long reign of the famous leader of the 10th century, Anania Mokatsi, the Armenian Church faced various internal and external challenges directed against the national-church structures. Anania Mokatsi ascends the throne of the spiritual ruler during the period (during the 40s of the 10th century) of the weakening of the Catholicos power, when national and spiritual unity was threatened. The restoration of the spiritual and religious unity of the country, the establishment of social solidarity were the main guarantees of national security. Based on the interests of strengthening the Armenian statehood, the purposeful head of the church fully supports the centralization policy of Bagratuni, contributes to the establishment of internal stability in the country. With the assistance of the Armenian king Abas Bagratuni (929-953), Anania Mokatsi transferred the patriarchal throne from Akhtamar to the village of Argin Shirak in 947. The purpose of moving the spiritual center was the full implementation of the unifying mission of the Catholicos and the conduct of an effective struggle against religious pressures.
ՐԱՖՖՈՒ ԳՐԱՔՆՆԱԴԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՅԱՑՔՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Hayruni Ashot
Published: February 2024

Raffi considered the writer a “man of the times” who should also guide public thoughts and ideas. Without diminishing the necessary condition of artistic perfection, he is guided in the evaluation of artistic works by the criterion of the primacy of ideological content, essential in terms of the functional significance of literature. In this regard, as well as the capacity and wide expressive possibilities, he particularly emphasizes the need for the development of aesthetic prose, especially the novel genre, in the Armenian reality.
ԱՎԱՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԵՆՍԱԿԵՐՊԻ ԿԱԶՄԱԼՈՒԾՄԱՆ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԱՐՁԱԳԱՆՔԸ
Պերճ Պռոշյանի «Սոս և Վարդիթեր» և «Հացի խնդիր» վեպերում
Authors: Aleksanyan Aram
Published: February 2024

If, thanks to the enlightenment movement, traditional thinking, the values that organize patriarchal life, the nature of human relations and the emotional manifestations of psychology have radically changed, then conservative culture had a completely traditional epistemological context. Enlightenment attitude formed in the minds of a new structure of perception of time, revived the order of the future, making it the main focus of activity. In the context of this worldview, history has already been perceived in the past, present and future dimensions of time. Meanwhile, conservatives envisioned the future as a sprawling present. And traditionalists perceived defamation as damage to morality and the traditional way of life. All the ideological content and emotional depth of Proshyan's works is an artistic expression of this historical process. It is characterized as a unique defensive cultural confrontation with artistic potential, character building, and a historically unique storytelling typology.
«ԱՆՁԸ ՊԱՀՊԱՆԵԼ/ՊԱՇՏՊԱՆԵԼ» ԲԱՌԱԻՄԱՍՏԱՅԻՆ ԵՆԹԱԲԱԶՄՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՈՒՄԸ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆՈՒՄ
Authors: Martirosyan Artashes
Published: February 2024

The article refers to a relatively new, sometimes problematic area of linguistics - lexical semantics of the word, in particular, to the problem of semantic changes in the lexical composition of the language. For the first time, the lexicographic elaborations of the development of semantic structures of lexemes of the lexical subset "to safeguard/protect a person", operating in the lexico-semantic field "person, man", are subject to chronological order, starting from the ancient Armenian period to the present day. Cognitive-semantic mechanisms of changing the meaning of lexemes in this huge historical period, their relationship with other lexical groups are revealed. The studies of lexicographic processing of lexemes of the subset show that the ancient Armenian period was quite rich in lexemes "to safeguard/protect a person" both in Armenian (grabar) and in borrowed forms with the archiseme "bodyguard". The study showed that both Armenian and borrowed words subsets, historicisms did not develop their semantic structure from the ancient Armenian period, and some of them, as a generative basis, appeared in various compositions in both the ancient Armenian and the Soviet periods.
Edukasi SI MANIS (Aksi Gemar Makan Ikan Dan Sayur) sebagai Strategi Pemenuhan Gizi Anak Prasekolah
Authors: Nugrahani Cantika Iva , Ferdina Cucun Setya , Pujiyani Honesty , Christiana Elisa
Published: February 2024

Sayur merupakan sumber vitamin, serat, dan antioksidan, sedangkan ikan merupakan sumber makanan tinggi protein yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk tumbuh kembang khususnya pada optimalisasi masa golden age anak. Edukasi SI MANIS (Aksi Gemar Makan Ikan dan Sayur) menekankan pada penanaman sikap positif anak sejak dini terhadap ikan dan sayur, sekaligus dapat digunakan sebagai strategi pencegahan stunting.  Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat 10 anak yang mengalami status gizi kurang di TK AL Badriyah Sampang Madura. Sasaran program Edukasi SI MANIS ini adalah anak prasekolah yang masih perlu diperhatikan pemenuhan gizi untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang optimal anak dan orang tua / ibu yang bertanggungjawab dalam menyajikan menu keluarga. Edukasi SI MANIS dilakukan dengan mengenalkan berbagai macam sayur dan jenis ikan kepada anak, serta mengenalkan berbagai inovasi olahan ikan kepada orang tua siswa. Pemasangan X Banner dan Banner berkaitan dengan manfaat ikan dan sayur untuk optimalisasi tumbuh kembang anak juga dilakukan. Hal ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketertarikan anak terhadap ikan dan sayur, mengurangi sikap memilih-milih makanan, dan menanamkan mindset positif terhadap variasi berbagai ikan dan sayur. Edukasi SI MANIS di akhiri dengan makan bersama produk inovasi resep olahan ikan dan sayur yaitu otak-otak ikan bandeng dan jamur Enoki krispi. Kegiatan ini juga mendapatkan apresiasi positif dari orang tua dan segenap guru TK AL Badriyah Sampang.
Chou-Talalay Metodu ile İlaç Kombinasyonlarının Analizi: Prensipler, Deneysel Tasarım Stratejileri ve Bilgisayar Yazılımıyla Analiz
Authors: ÖZER Bayram Oğuz
Published: February 2024

Şuana kadar, ilaç kombinasyonlarının analizi için çok sayıda çeşitli yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu metotlar arasından Chou-Talalay'ın kombinasyon indeksi teorisi artan bir popülerlik kazanmıştır ve yaygın kabul görmüştür. Chou-Talalay yöntemi, kütle-eylem yasasının medyan-etki prensibinden türetilen kombinasyon etkisi denklemine dayanır. İlaç etkileşimlerinin nicel analizi ve ilaç kombinasyonlarının simülasyonu için bilgisayar yazılım algoritması sağlar. Her bir ilacın ve kombinasyonlarının doz-etki eğrisinin potensini ve şeklini dikkate alır. CompuSyn yazılımı ile bilgisayar simülasyonu, in vitro veya in vivo çalışmalar için doz-etki eğrisini, medyan-etki grafiğini, kombinasyon indeksi grafiğini, izobologramı, doz-azaltma indeksi grafiğini ve poligonogramı gösterir. Bu derlemede, ilaç kombinasyon çalışmaları için teorik ve pratik bir kılavuz sağlamayı ve kütle-eylem yasası temelli teoriyi, deneysel tasarımı ve veri analizini açıklamayı amaçladık. Chou-Talalay’ın medyan-etki denklemi, ilaç kombinasyonlarının nicel analizi için kullanışlı ve pratik bir yöntemdir. Medyan-etki eşitliği in vitro, in vivo ve klinikte az sayıda deneysel veri kullanılmasına imkan verir. Medyan-etki denkleminin algoritmaları, küçük-ölçekli deneyler için daha az deneysel veri gereksinimi ve ilaç kombinasyonlarının analizine yönelik kantitatif çıkarımlar sağladığı için verimli, düşük maliyetli çalışma, ilaç keşfi ve klinik araştırmalarda etik planlamaya olanak sağlar. Yöntem, ilaç kombinasyonlarının analizinde en yaygın kullanılan metottur ve çok sayıda atıf almıştır. Bu çalışmanın ilaç kombinasyonlarının analizi için önemli bir referans teşkil edeceğine inanıyoruz.
Effect of adolescents’ cognitive and emotional empathy and altruistic behavior on psychological well-being
Authors: Han Sae-Young , Yoo Dajoung
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study sought to determine the mediating effect of altruism behavior in the relationship between cognitive and emotional empathy of adolescents affecting psychological well-being. In order to improve adolescents’ psychological well-being, which is a time when they experience rapid changes emotionally and physically, useful information on factors that affect psychological well-being can be provided.Methods: The subjects of the study were 282 teenagers aged 16 to 18 living across the country (136 men and 146 women) through online survey companies. Adolescents responded to questions on empathy, altruism, and psychological well-being. The collected data used Pearson's right-rate correlation analysis and structural equation models using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs. After that, the statistical significance of the mediating effect was confirmed using the direct and indirect effect verification and bootstrapping method between variables.Results: The main findings are as follows. First, analysis of the correlation between research variables revealed a static correlation between emotional empathy and altruism behavior, altruism behavior and cognitive empathy, and psychological well-being and altruism. Next, as a result of examining the structural path between research variables, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy showed a significant correlation with altruistic behavior, and altruistic behavior showed a significant correlation with psychological wellbeing. Finally, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy influenced psychological well-being through altruistic behavior.Conclusion: Adolescents’ cognitive and emotional empathy affect psychological well-being through altruistic behavior. These results indicate that both cognitive and emotional empathy are not only helpful to others, but also play an important role in one’s own psychological adaptation and well-being. Adolescents not only express sympathy and empathy, but also pay attention to others’ feelings, which can become a factor that can actually lead to actions for others; furthermore, such actions can improve the happiness of individual adolescents. These findings revealed efforts to understand and sympathize with others is meaningful to enhance the happiness of ordinary adolescents in public education sites where competition is overheated, and happiness is reduced.
Longitudinal causal relationship between social withdrawal, perceived career barriers, and depression in multicultural adolescents
Authors: Kim Eun Hye , Cui Lina
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study was intended to explore longitudinal reciprocal effects between social withdrawal, perceived career barriers, and depression, and to discuss the implications for the social welfare of multicultural adolescents.Methods: We used data from the 6th, 7th, and 8th waves of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study 1 (MAPS 1). The Auto Regressive Cross-Lagged (ARCL) model was used to test reciprocal effects, and 1,251 adolescents (614 males and 637 females) responded to the three above-mentioned waves of MAPS. ARCL is an analysis method that verifies the continuity of time and the mutual causal relationship between two variables.Results: First, social withdrawal, perceived career barriers, and depression in the 6th wave had significant effects on social withdrawal, perceived career barriers, and depression, respectively, in the 7th and 8th waves. Second, there was a significant longitudinal reciprocal relationship between social withdrawal and depression. In addition, perceived career barriers had a significant longitudinal reciprocal relationship with depression. However, perceived career barriers had a statistically significant longitudinal effect on social withdrawal, but not vice versa.Conclusion: These results underscore the need to provide education and programs to reduce career barriers for multicultural youth and suggest that society should encourage multicultural youth to show their abilities. With the continued impact of depression on the population, the implications of screening multicultural adolescents for depression at an early age, early intervention, and follow-up for later adolescents are needed as depression continues to affect them. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Toxische Ware – Vom Handel mit E-Schrott und was der mit Kriminologie zu tun hat
Authors: Neubacher Frank , Diez Javier Revilla , Grote Ulrike
Published: February 2024

In vielen Fällen sind Handelsformen unerlaubt (z. B. Menschenhandel, Handel mit psychotropen Substanzen) oder werden straf- bzw. umweltrechtlich reguliert (Waffenhandel, Handel mit Flora und Fauna). Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen können an der Illegalität oder an der Sozialschädlichkeit des Handelns anknüpfen. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich einem facettenreichen Phänomen, welches kriminologisch bisher nur in Einzelfällen thematisiert wird, nämlich der Produktion, dem Transport und dem Handel von Elektro- bzw. Elektronikschrott. Damit sind zahlreiche Probleme verbunden, die einschließlich ihrer internationalen Dimension beschrieben werden. Kriminologisch lassen sich in diesem Zusammenhang unerlaubte bzw. sozialschädliche Verhaltensweisen mit den Begriffen Umweltkriminalität, organisierte Kriminalität und Green Criminology – zumindest teilweise – erfassen. Im Anschluss an kriminologische Vorarbeiten zur Sozialschädlichkeit von Verhaltensweisen (social harm) wird am Beispiel einer konkreten Forschungsidee vorgestellt, wie sich erwartete positive und negative Auswirkungen des internationalen Handels mit E-Schrott erfassen und messen lassen.
Design and Development of Electronic Moulage of Brachial Plexus Muscles to Enhance the Learning of Upper Limb Anatomy: An Interventional Study
Authors: Khordad Elnaz , Akbaribazm Mohsen , Ghorbani Mahmoud , Masoumain Hosseini Toktam
Published: February 2024

Background: Anatomy embraces various fields and is regarded as the foundation of medical sciences due to its broad clinical applications, particularly in surgery. However, teaching this subject, particularly in practical units, poses challenges, and insufficient anatomical knowledge and errors in anatomy-related decisions by physicians can lead to avoidable deaths and medical errors. This study aimed to design and develop an electronic moulage (EM) for teaching upper limb anatomy, specifically focusing on the muscles and brachial plexus (BP). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. Electronic moulage has been implemented in a manner that allows independent structures within a compartment to be taught without the presence of a teacher or anatomical atlases and enables learners to comprehend the anatomical features and relationships of structures in both combined and isolated modes, even without prior knowledge of anatomical theory specific to that compartment. The EM incorporates a skeletal compartment system and a BP component, utilizing audio and visual systems to deliver a comprehensive educational experience. The effectiveness of the EM was evaluated by experts in anatomy and medical science students, comparing it to other teaching methods. Four groups of undergraduate medical radiology students with no prior instruction in upper limb anatomy participated in the study. Each group was assigned to a different training method, including lecture-based education, digital-based education with a simulator, cadaver-based education, and EM-based education. Results: After assessing the results using educational and motivational indicators, it was determined that the EM demonstrated innovative potential and could enhance motivation and the quality of anatomy education. Comparing the post-test scores of the EM-based education group to the other groups revealed significantly higher scores in the EM-based group. This finding indicates that the EM has the potential to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of anatomy education, addressing the limitations of other teaching methods. Conclusions: The developed EM presents a promising solution for enhancing anatomy education, particularly in the context of upper limb anatomy. The innovative features of EM and its ability to improve motivation and learning outcomes make it a valuable tool for teaching this subject matter.
Hybrid Idol in Virtual Idols: Constructing a New Perspective on Idol Studies in Film and Media
Authors: Dong Jun , Sabran Kamal
Published: February 2024

Hollywood science fiction movies from "Ready Player One" to "FREE GUY" have all scored good box office results, while Japan's Hatsune Miku has gained a huge global fan base. They all have one thing in common, or what can be called a common denominator: the presence of avatars in the main roles. Currently, both Venom, a hybrid art figure made of virtual and real people and GUY, a virtual art figure made of pure AI animation, are extremely popular, and both are in line with the current hot meta-universe concept, with natural similarity. If Venom, a combination of virtual and real people, can be a virtual idol, then this virtual image is synthesized by pure AI animation, both of them can be a new kind of virtual "idol", and this article aims to put this kind of pure virtual image into the category of film and media idol research, and explore their value under the concept of the metaverse and The purpose of this article is to investigate the value of these pure avatars in the context of the metaverse concept and the feasibility of their development.
SOLUBILITY AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CODEINE PHOSPHATE IN THE MIXTURES OF POLYETH- YLENE GLYCOL 400 AND ETHANOL AT DIFFERENT TEM- PERATURES
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ta- briz University of Medical Sciences, Amini Moein , Hanaee Jalal ,   Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ta- briz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Scienc- es,Tabriz, Iran, Moradi Milad ,   1Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran, Rahimpour Elaheh ,   Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ta- briz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran, Jouyban Abolghasem ,   1Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: February 2024

In the present work, the solubility values of codeine phosphate in the binary mixtures of polyeth- ylene glycol 400 and ethanol are determined via a shake-flask method followed by spectrophotometry in the temperature range of 293.2–313.2 K. The attained solubility values of codeine phosphate are correlated with some linear and non-linear co-solvency models. Additionally, the density of saturated mixtures is also presented by the Jouyban-Acree model at various temperatures. The accuracy of each used model is validated by the mean relative deviations (MRD %) of the back-calculated solubility and density data. The apparent thermodynamic properties of codeine phosphate dissolution are also calcu- lated using the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations.
SİDE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPİC DRUGS USED İN THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DEMENTİA
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan Republican Psychiatric Hospital
Published: February 2024

This article highlights another problem emerging in connectiın with the aging of population . An increase in the number of elderly people means an increase in the number of elderly patients suffering from psychiatric illness. Studies show that in recent years, 25% of older people take more medication than they need. This also applies to older people suffering from mental illness at home, in hospital or in nursing homes. As psycho-pharmacology is very specific in older people, the development of side effects of psychotropic drugs is also different. One of the most important issues for us is to study the side effects of psychotropic drugs in the elderly population, which complicate treatment and sometimes even lead to death. The article examines which group of psychotropic drugs have the most side effects in elderly patients, the relationship between age and diagnosis and the occurrence of side effects of psychotropic drugs, the duration of side effects, the impact on the course of the disease. Although side effects of psychotropic drugs are observed in the treatment of vascular dementia, in many cases their use is necessary. It is recommended to start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose. Even during the first 4 weeks, it is recommended to keep the dose as low as possible. This will reduce the development of side effects that can lead to treatment failure and lead to a decrease in mortality.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Monitoring Sertifikat Menggunakan Extreme Programming
Authors: Sari Nurwahyuni , Cahyani Dwi
Published: February 2024

Monitoring sistem informasi manajemen sertifikat pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional dilakukan dengan melihat data pendaftaran sertifikat melalui aplikasi yang dibuat sehingga Dinas Badan Pertanahan Nasional mudah dalam melakukan monitoring pendaftaran sertifikat yang terjadi dengan membuka aplikasi dan memilih menu dashboard. Data pendaftaran sertifikat yang terjadi ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel sehingga Dinas Badan Pertanahan Nasional dapat mengetahui secara cepat total pendaftaran sertifikat yang ada pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Hasil pengujian fungsionalitas sistem terhadap halaman yang terdapat pada sistem informasi manajemen sertifikat pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hasil pengujian tersebut yang telah sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan dalam kuisioner pengujian black box testing dengan nilai 100%.
Penerapan Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) Method Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Modem
Authors: Saputra Very Hendra , Ardiansah Temi
Published: February 2024

The choice of modem is an important decision in accessing the internet, because a modem is a key device that connects a computer device or network to internet services. The Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method is an approach used in multi-criteria decision making to balance various factors related to a problem. This study aims to apply the Combined Compromise Solution method in modem selection so that users get a modem that meets their needs well, provides a stable and fast internet connection. The results of alternative ranking using the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method gave the results of Rank 1, namely the MQ531 Modem with a final value of 6.3689, Rank 2, namely the Huawei E5577 Max Modem with a final value of 6.3689, Rank 3, namely the Telkomsel Orbit Star A1 Modem with a final value of 5.8796.
Implementasi Multiple Attribute Decision Making Dalam Pemilihan Distributor Terbaik Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Arundaa Rillya , Lapu Kalua Aditya
Published: February 2024

The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is a technique in multi-criteria analysis that plays a role in assisting the decision-making process. The tool is designed to determine the best alternative from a set of options based on predetermined criteria. The TOPSIS method helps companies manage risk and maximize profits in cooperation with distributors. The results of the ranking of the selection of the best distributors who get rank 1 with a value of 0.464 are CV Tiga Bintang Distributors, rank 2 with a value of 0.419 are CV Ardimas Distributors, rank 3 with a value of 0.4 are CV Diamond Distributors, rank 4 with a value of 0.325 are CV Agung Jaya Distributors, and rank 5 with a value of 0.256 are CV Mandiri Jaya Distributors.
Challenges in surveillance of all cancer cases: The Chilean National Cancer Registry
Authors: Taramasco Carla , Rimassa Carla , Acevedo Johana
Published: February 2024

Cancer causes millions of deaths worldwide, making its registration essential. There are clinical, hospital, and population-based registries in place. The latter is the gold standard for information on cancer incidence and survival in a defined region. Chile has five population-based registries located in specific areas of the country. The Chilean National Cancer Registry emerged with the challenge of creating a tool encompassing all three types of registries to identify the number of cancer cases by type. Its design involved a series of actions to achieve consensus among various actors regarding information, validation, and events to be registered. Four stages were identified in the care and registration process: suspected diagnosis, morphological confirmation (biopsy), clinical resolution (oncology committee, including treatment recommendations), treatment, and oncological follow-up. The platform's development (from 2018 to 2021) involved gathering information and agreements on the requirements for co-designing the registry, including a successful pilot program with over 20 public and private healthcare facilities that recorded nearly 7500 cancer cases. The deployment and use of the National Cancer Registry at a national level depends on the healthcare authority. It is an information system that continuously and systematically collects, stores, processes, and analyzes data on all cancer cases and types occurring in the country. This work presents the design and development of the tool, the challenges addressed, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.
Sooty Tern behavior
Authors: Dinsmore James J.
Published: February 2024

A 4-year study of the breeding behavior of Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was made at Bush Key, Dry Tortugas in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The results are compared with the behavior of other terns and the differences discussed, particularly in regard to the pelagic environment the Sooty Tern inhabits. Sooty Terns arrive at the Dry Tortugas some 2 months before eggs are first laid. At first they circle Bush Key at night only, but eventually land and extend the time they spend on the ground, arriving earlier in the evening and leaving later in the morning. After the first eggs are laid, flocking subsides. Aerial display by Sooty Terns consists mainly of the high fight in which two birds ascend, usually by jerk-fiying, circle, and then descend together in a coordinated glide. Sooty Terns may have a poorly developed low flight display. On the ground the major display is the parade, similar to that of other Sterna terns. Courtship feeding is rare. Terns often interfere with pairs attempting to copulate. The single egg is incubated about 29.5 days with the male caring for it somewhat more than the female. The birds are attentive over 95 per cent of the time, incubating when it is cool, shading when it is hot, and engaging in other activities such as preening, fighting, and loafing most commonly when they change between incubating and shading. Nest relief usually occurs in the evening after 24 or 48 hours of care. Dipping, in which adults dip their feet, bill and/or breast feathers in the ocean, is common during incubation and may cool the egg or provide it with needed moisture. Chicks are closely brooded for 4 or 5 days, after which adults seem to recognize them individually and spend progressively less time with them. By the end of the third week, chicks are alone much of the time except when fed. Adults feed the chick by regurgitation, spend about 3.5 hours per foraging trip, and often feed a chick several times after one trip. Males feed the chick somewhat more than females do. Vocal exchanges between parent and chick seem most important in individual recognition. Occasionally adults feed a chick other than their own. Chicks first fly when about 8 weeks old and leave the colony soon after that. The ground and aerial displays of Sooty Terns are similar to those of other Sterna terns, especially the Common Tem. The rarity of the low flight and courtship feeding, both of which are common in other terns, may be due to the different way in which Sooties carry food and the distance they travel to forage. Sooty Terns have a lower cutch size, longer period of development of the chick, and first breed when older than most other terns, many of which feed in marshes and coastal waters. These characteristics of Sooty Tern breeding biology are similar to those of many other pelagic birds. A distant fbod supply and high adult survivorship apparently have contributed to these differences from other terns.
Growth and Development of the Eastern Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys humulis
Authors: Layne James N.
Published: February 2024

Observations were made on the breeding history, growth, and development of the young, and parental care in captive eastern harvest mice, Reithrodontomys h. humulis. Breeding occurred throughout the year, gestation was presumably 24 days or less, and mean litter size was 2.2. The sex ratio at birth was even. The curves for body weight and total length became essentially asymptotic by the 7th week. Tail length increased only slightly after the 5th week, and the curve for hind foot length leveled off at 3 weeks. Mean ear length showed no significant increase after the 4th week. A marked, slowing at 3 weeks of the initially rapid growth in weight, total length, and tail length coincided with the period of weaning. Newborn young are pinkish and possess both vibrissae and a sparse scattering of hairs over the middorsal region. The pelage is sufficiently developed by the end of the first week to exhibit the typical juvenile coloration, and by the second week the juvenile coat is apparently fully grown. The postjuvenile molt takes place between the 3rd and 9th weeks. Full adult pelage is not attained until at least one further partial or complete molt. The eyes open from the 7th to the 9th or 10th days of age. The pinnae unfold on the 1st or 2nd day of age, and the external auditory meatus becomes patent from the 7th to 10th days. Claws are present at birth and are noticeably better developed by the 4th day. Incisors were above the gums on the 4th day in one mouse, but typically did not appear until the 6th or 7th day. They are faintly yellowish by the end of the 2nd week. All molars were apparently functional in a specimen 4 weeks of age. Weaning occurs between the 2nd and 4th weeks. The vulvas of females opened between the 4th and 7th weeks, and two females became pregnant for the first time at 11 and 20 weeks of age. The testes and cremaster of the males enlarged by the 7th or 8th week. The young have little coordination at birth. When 4 days old they can sit upright, and the prehensile nature of the tail is apparent. Week-old young scratch and attempt to wash. With the opening of the eyes they become more active and exploration, and by 2 weeks of age their behavior is similar to that of adults. Most individuals were nervous and wild. The young and adults were generally highly tolerant of one another, although some fighting occurred among males in one cage. Increased nest building and food storing activities may precede parturition in females. Mothers exhibited concern for their young through the 3rd week of age, although the intensity of parental care declined after the 2nd week. Instances of paternal care were observed, and behavior assumed to represent a weak retrieving response was noted in 4-week-old young. Comparison of the growth and development of R. humulis and R. megalotis indicates a close similarity of postnatal developmental patterns, although megalotis may have a somewhat slower growth rate.
Geographic Variation in Rhineura floridana (Reptilia: Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: Zug George R.
Published: February 2024

Examination of 11 characters in Rhineura floridana reveals no sexual dimorphism and a geographic pattern of variation in only 6 characters: Lateral head scales, supralabials, infralabials, body annuli, caudal annuli having dorsal granular segments, and segments around the midbody. Two populations are identified but not separated nomenclaturally, one on the Lake Wales ridge, the other occupying the remainder of north-central Florida. It is suggested that other Florida scrub or sandhill associated reptiles such as Ophisaurus compressus, Neoseps reynoldsi, Eumeces egregius, Sceloporus woodi, Stilosoma extenuatum, and Tantilla relicta share a history of isolation and differentiation similar to that proposed for R. floridana.
The Colubrid Snake Genus Thamnophis: A Revision of the Sauritus Group
Authors: Rossman Douglas A.
Published: February 2024

The Sauritus group of the gartersnakes is composed of two polytypic species, Thamnophis sauritus (Linnaeus) and Thamnophis proximus (Say), commonly called the ribbonsnakes. Both species vary geographically in number of ventrals, number of subcaudals, relative tail length, and several features of the color pattern. Supralabial number is subject to geographic variation in T. sauritus but not in T. proximus. Most of the geographic variation is discordant, transition zones in one character seldom corresponding with those of other characters. As color pattern fluctuates less locally than do the meristic characters, it is more reliable in defining geographic races. Four subspecies of T. sauritus are recognized, two of them previously undescribed ( T. s. septentrionalis of the Great Lakes region, northern New England, and Nova Scotia; T. s. nitae of northwestern peninsular Florida). Of six races of T. proximus four are new (T. p. orarius of coastal Louisiana, Texas, and northern Tamaulipas; T. p. rubrilineatus of the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas; T. p. diabolicus of New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon; T. p. alpinus of the Chiapas Highlands in southern Mexico). The evolutionary history of this species group and the trends within each species are discussed. Members of the group are highly specialized and occupy an advanced position within the genus.
The cranial anatomy of the hog-nosed snakes (Heterodon)
Authors: Weaver W. G.
Published: February 2024

The cranial osteology and myology of the Xenodontine snake genus Heterodon are described and correlated with certain aspects of the trunk musculature. Comparisons are made with the genus Xenodon and the viperidae. Heterodon, and to a lesser extent Xenodon, are similar to the Viperidae in many features of their cranial and trunk myology. A Xenodontine protoviper is hypothesized that gave rise to three present-day snake groups: (1) the advanced xenodontine snakes such as Xenodon, (2) the more primitive but specialized Heterodon, and (3) the vipers.
Some Mexican Land Snails of the Genera Coelostemma and Metastoma (Urocoptidae)
Authors: Thompson Fred G.
Published: February 2024

The following new taxa are described: C. leucostoma n. sp., C. bembix n. sp., C. eclipes n. sp., C. anaclasta n. sp., C. richardi n. sp., C. notogastor n. sp., C. astraxis n. sp., C. fornax n. sp. and C. fornax ix n. ssp. Two new subgenera are also proposed: Crycoryne n. subg. (type species: C. astraxis) and Styloptyx n. subg. (type species: C. fornax): C. antricola Bartsch is reduced to subspecific status as C. bourgeoisana antricola C. amplazis Pilsbry, type species of the subgenus Apertaxis, is synonymized with C. coahuilensis (Bartsch). Metastoma is elevated from a subgenus of Holospira to generic status and is closely related to Coelostemma. Aspects of the embryonic sculpture are determined for C. elizabethae (Pilsbry), C. b. bourgeoisana Bartsch, C. b. antricola Bartsch, C. iqualaensis (Bartsch), C. hazelae Pilsbry, C. fusca (Martens), C. coahuilensis (Bartsch) and Metastoma roemeri (Pfeiffer). These are features omitted in earlier descriptions of these species.
Revision of North American Salamanders of the Genus Plethodon
Authors: Highton Richard
Published: February 2024

Systematic study of the North American salamander genus Plethodon reveals three major groups in the genus, designated the western plethodons, the eastern small plethodons, and the eastern large plethodons. The western plethodons occur in the northwestern United States and adjacent Canada and include five species (vandykei, larselli, dunni, vehiculum, and elongatus) in three species groups. Five species in three species groups also comprise the eastern small plethodons. Four of these (welleri, dorsalis, cinereus, and richmondi) occur in eastern North America; the fifth (neomexicanus) is known only from the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. The eastern large plethodons include six species (wehrlei,yonahlossee, ouachitae, caddoensis, jordani. and glutinosus) in three species groups and occur only east of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern large and small plethodons are more closely related to each other than either is to the western plethodons, but of the two, the small group appears to be closer to the Western plethodons. Special emphasis has been placed on a study of geographic variation in pigmentation and segmentation characteristics of the eastern species. The use of the trinomen to describe geographic variation has been found unsatisfactory because of nonconcordance of geographically variable characters in species formerly considered polytypic. Seven isolated allopatric populations are still recognized as subspecies because of their apparent close relationship to the nominotypical subspecies, but the taxonomic status of each is still uncertain. Some of these forms are weakly differentiated and all are in need of further study.
Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Menhadens, Genus Brevoortia (Pisces: Clupeidae)
Authors: Dahlberg Michael D.
Published: February 2024

Western North Atlantic menhadens, genus Brevoortia, comprise two well-defined groups, four species, several races, and two hybrid combinations. One group, the large-scaled menhadens, live in temperate waters and are represented by B. tyrannus in the Atlantic Ocean and B. partonus in the Gulf of Mexico. B. tyrannus occurs in the Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Jupiter Inlet, Florida. Populations include a spring-spawning race north of Long Island, N.Y., an autumn-spawning race on the coast between Long Island and North Carolina, and a winter-spawning race in the Indian River area of Florida. Evidence also indicates the existence of a southern Atlantic population that ranges from North Carolina to northeast Florida. B. patronus ranges from southwest Florida along the gulf coast to Veracruz, Mexico. The large-scaled manhadens support the fish oil and fish meal industry of the Atlantic and guif coasts of the U.S. The small-scaled menhadens are limited to warm-temperate waters. An Atlantic population of B. smithi is known from North Carolina to Jupiter Inlet, Florida. A gulf population of B. smithi ranges from Florida Bay to Louisiana. The western gulf cognate, B. gunteri, occurs between Louisiana and the Gulf of Campeche and may extend into the Caribbean. Two hybrid combinations are known. B. smithi x B. tyrannus ranges on the Atlantic coast from Sapelo Island, Georgia, to Jupiter Inlet, Florida. B. smithi x B. patronus ranges on the gulf coast from Florida Bay to Port St. Joe, Fla. Evidence is presented that B. tyrannus in the Indian River of Florida is modified by introgression. This study presents a key to the menhaden species and hybrids, describes the various forms, presents synonymies and recent references, and discusses hybridization, geographic variation, population structure, and zoogeography.
Color Pattern Variation among Snails of the Genus Liguus on the Florida Keys
Authors: Young Frank N.
Published: February 2024

The basic color patterns of Florida tree snails of the genus Liguus (Mollusca: Gastropoda, Bulimulidae) show little correlation with environmental conditions. The occurrence of distinctive variants in "pure colonies" suggests that the basic pattern and pigments are directly controlled by a relatively few genes. The segregation of various elements of the basic patterns among the colonies of the Lower Florida Keys and mainland can be used as the basis for an hypothesis concerning the genetic control of axial coloration, banding, pigmentation, and other characters. A new form from Little Torch Key, Liguus fasciatus vonpaulseni new subspecies, combining many of the color pattern elements previously known from the Florida Keys is described and figured. This form is presumably close to the ancestral form that migrated to Florida from Cuba. A key to the described forms of Liguus from the Florida Keys illustrates the known combiniations of color pattern elements.
The Herpetofauna of the Islas de la Bahia, Honduras
Authors: Wilson Larry David , Hahn Donald E.
Published: February 2024

After a brief description of the Bay Islands' position, physiography, geology, vegetation, and previous work done there, the 35 species of reptiles and amphibians known from the Bay Islands are discussed with, where pertinent, their morphological variation, taxonomic relationships, and habitat preferences. No island subspecies are recognized and the names Cnemidophorus lemniscatus ruatanus, Leptotyphlops phenops magnamaculata, Elaphe flavirufa polysticha, and Tretanorhinus nigroluteus dichromaticus are placed in synonymy. No consistent pattern of increase in average numbers of ventrals over those of the adjacent mainland, such as is evident on certain other islands, occurs in the snakes of the Bay Islands. The Bay Island herpetofauna is arranged into three assemblages on the basis of present-day distributions; an endemic assemblage (4 species), a West Indian assemblage (2 species), and a mainland Honduran assemblage (29 species). Three of the endemic species are related to mainland counterparts and one to West Indian counterparts. Of the mainland Honduran assemblage, 8 species are widespread geographically, ecologically, and altitudinally, 4 species occur in dry ecological formations, 1 is restricted to coastal situations, and 16 occur in wet ecological formations. Species that have colonized the Bay Islands are widespread ecologically and geographically, are relatively abundant, or inhabit "weed" habitats, or exhibit a combination of these features. The species compositions of the herpetofauna of the three major islands of the Bay Island group are distinctive and nonrecurrent and are largely depauperate reflections of the mainland herpetofauna. Colonization of the Bay Islands appears to have been effected by fortuitous, over-water dispersal. Inter-island dispersal has probably been largely limited to movements between islands. A gazetteer of specimen localities is appended.
Plio-Pleistocene Megalonychid Sloths of North America
Authors: Hirschfeld Sue E. , Webb S. David
Published: February 2024

Although ground sloths appear in South America in Mustersan (late Eocene) time, they are not found in North America until the Hemphillian (middle Pliocene) when three genera appear, two of them megalonychids. It now appears that the genus Megalonyx was widely distributed through North America by that time. The most primitive is M. mathisi, new species, from the upper Mehrtens formation, Merced Co., California. Additional material of M. curvidens Matthew from the Upper Snake Creek channels of Sioux Co., Nebraska, differs in its shorter cheek teeth and narrower caniniforms from later species. Likewise a fine collection of late Blancan (early Pleistocene) M. leptostomus Cope from Cita Canyon, Randall Co., Texas, exhibits small cranial, dental and podial differences from typical late Pleistocene species of Megalonyx. M. leptonyx (Marsh) is a nomen dubium. The general features of Megalonyx are reviewed and the great variability of its dentition is analyzed. The earliest megalonychid from North America is a new genus and species, Pliometanastes protistus, from early Hemphillian deposits at McGehee Farm, Alachua Co., Florida. Relatively complete material of this new genus is described. Another new species from New Mexico, ?P. galushai, and other records from western North America are presented. The genus bears no special relationship to Megalonyx nor to any of the West Indian megalonychids, but stems from some Mio-Pliocene stock that gave rise to all of these.