bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZE, UPGRADE OR INVEST IN A NOVEL DRYER? – A BRICK FACTORY CASE STUDY
Authors:   Institute for testing of materials IMS, Vasić Miloš R. , Vasić Milica V. ,   Institute for testing of materials IMS
Published: December 2021

Drying has an enormous impact on the quality of final masonry clay elements. The accumulated knowledge about modeling the drying process, as well as the registered progress in computing the coupling between the heat and mass transfer during the last decade has reached the applicative industrial level. The available novel commercial drying solutions have dropped the drying cycle to 5 hours for hollow clay products and up to 9 hours for clay blocks of large size and weight. The ability to speed up the drying process also strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. The decision on optimization of the existing dryer and its upgrade or investment in a novel drying facility must be experimentally validated. Results of the one-month monitoring and analysis of the production process in one Serbian brick factory including the material and energy balances are given in this paper. Based on the collected data, raw material limitations and costs of the novel dryer the existing tunnel dryer upgrade and the minimization of the "false" ambient air into the dryer are proposed.
Experimental study on the hole quality during abrasive waterjet drilling of CFRP
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics - Department of Manufacturing Systems,  AGH University of Science and Technology, Karkalos Nikolaos  E. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Skondras-Giousios Dimitrios ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Papazoglou Emmanouil-Lazaros ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Kyratsis Panagiotis ,   University of Western Macedonia, Markopoulos Angelos  P ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, National Technical University of Athens
Published: December 2021

Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machining is considered an excellent alternative to conventional machining processes due to its superb machining characteristics. More specifically, Abrasive Waterjet drilling is nowadays a promising non-conventional process for obtaining high quality holes. In the present study, drilling experiments based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal design method were conducted via AWJ on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate at various waterjet parameters, namely, different pressure, abrasive mass flow rate and standoff distance values. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the impact of these process parameters on the quality of holes. The hole quality was determined by measuring the hole diameter error as well as the hole taper. The optical evaluation was implemented with the use of optical microscope and special measuring software. The ANOVA analysis of the results showed a significant influence of standoff distance regarding the hole diameter error and a combined influence of waterjet pressure and standoff distance regarding the hole taper. Furthermore, the optimal process parameter values for the optimization of the hole diameter error and hole taper were determined. The hole quality in terms of defects appearance was also quantitatively inspected, through optical imaging.
FFT-ASSISTED ALGORITHMS FOR 3D LINE-CONTACT PROBLEMS
Authors:   Department of Mechanics and Technologies, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Spinu Sergiu ,   Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), Stefan cel Mare
Published: December 2021

The line-contact is a particular type of contact with a contact length much greater than its width. Such contact scenarios can be treated in the frame of a two-dimensional plane-strain problem if the contacting surfaces can be considered nominally smooth. However, surface irregularities inherent to any manufacturing technique lead to a discontinuous contact area that differs from the one derived on the basis of the smooth profile assumption. It is therefore tantalizing to pursue the solution of a line-contact problem using an intrinsically three-dimensional (3D) model, which can only be numerical due to lack of general analytical solutions in contact mechanics. Considering the geometry of the line-contact, a major challenge in its numerical modelling is that the expected contact area is orders of magnitude larger in one direction compared to the other. This may lead to an unreasonably large number of grids in the contact length direction, which translates to a prohibitive computational burden. An alternative approach, employed in this paper, is to treat the line-contact as non-periodic in the contact width direction, but periodic in the contact length direction, with a period equal to the window required to capture and replicate the surface specific texture. This periodicity encourages the contact problem solution by spectral methods based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. Based on this idea, two methods are derived in this paper from the existing Discrete Convolution Fast Fourier Transform (DCFFT) technique, which was previously developed for purely non-periodic contact problems. A first algorithm variant employs a special padding technique for pressure, whereas a second one mimics the contribution of multiple pressure periods by summation of the influence coefficients over a domain a few times larger than the target domain. Both techniques are validated against the existing analytical Hertz solution for the line-contact and a good agreement is found. The advanced methods seem well adapted to the simulation of contact problems that can be approximated as periodic in one direction and non-periodic in the other.
THERMAL DRILLING OPTIMIZATION IN MULTI HOLE PLATES
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machine Technology, Kosmol Jan
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of simulation of thermal deformations by the finite element method for round multi-hole plates used in heat exchangers. The heat generated when drilling holes causes thermal deformation of these objects, which contributes to errors in the location of the holes. Obtained results of simulation were compared for different drilling strategies (the studies considered 24 different strategies). It was found that the maximum drilling temperatures according to different strategies may differ by up to 100%. Similar conclusions can be drawn for thermal deformations. The general conclusion that results from the conducted research indicates the need to choose a strategy that ensures the symmetry of the drilled holes in relation to the axis of symmetry of the object. Then, both thermal deformation and maximum temperature are the smallest. The thus identified thermal deformations can form the basis for the correction of the coordinates of the holes on a CNC multi-spindle drilling machine.
Hard Turning ASSESSMENT on EN31 Steel in Dry and Wet Cooling Environments USING Grey-Fuzzy Hybrid Optimization APPROACH
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, Khatai Saswat , Kumar Ramanuj ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, Sahoo Ashok Kumar ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar
Published: December 2021

In recent years, machining of hard-to-cut metals by hard turning process is an embryonic technology for machining industry and research development. Hard turning is generally defined as the material removal process of hardened steel having hardness greater than 45 HRC.  The current research presents a comparative hard turning investigation on EN 31 (56 ± 1 HRC) grade steel using physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated carbide tool under dry and wet cooling. The selection of a better cooling strategy among dry and wet cooling was based on the value of obtained surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) in hard turning. Wet cooling exhibited better performance over dry cutting as lower Ra and greater MRR are achieved with wet cooling. Further, considering Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, hard turning experiments were executed in wet cooling and responses like surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and diameter error were studied. Further, the Grey-fuzzy hybrid optimization tool was employed and found improved results relative to the alone grey relational analysis as about 9 % less Ra and 2.612 times more MRR is noticed at the grey fuzzy optimal set of parameters.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS INFLUENCE ON ACCURACY AND ROUGHNESS IN WATERJET AND LASER CUTTING
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Płaczek Marek , Fabisz Paulina ,   Azet-flex, Toruńska 27
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the technique of cutting materials such as water jet cutting and laser cutting. The tests were carried out while cutting plastic elements, such as: PMMA, HIPS and ABS. To compare the analysed cutting methods, it was necessary to limit the type of material to be cut to the selected plastics due to the limited thickness range of the samples cut with the use of the laser used for the tests. The workpiece was designed in AutoCAD. The geometry was designed in such a way that it was possible to compare the accuracy of cutting both straight sections, curves and holes using the cutting techniques tested. The roughness of the treated surfaces (edges of the samples) was also analysed. A roughness gauge was used to test the edges. The obtained research results were compiled and analysed to determine the optimal technology and parameters of cutting processes for individual types of selected materials and shapes. As it was shown, the wrong selection of the cutting technology in relation to the processed material or the wrong selection of machining parameters may lead to the destruction of the detail being made and incur significant costs.
OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE MOBILE MACHINE ADAPTIVE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Buriennikov Yurii , Kozlov Leonid ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Rusu Oana ,   Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Matviichuk Viktor ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Pyliavets Volodymyr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Semychasnova Natalia ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Rusu Ioan ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University
Published: December 2021

Mobile machine hydraulic circuits tend to adopt electrohydraulics. Such hydraulic circuits are based on controlled pumps, modulated hydraulics, sensors and controllers. This allows adapting the hydraulic circuit operating modes to the changes of external conditions of the machine operation. Application of hydraulic circuits with electrohydraulics in mobile machines allows to use mobile machines efficiently with a high number of removable endangers, increases their performance and improves the quality of performed works. The authors propose an adaptive hydraulic circuit for a mobile machine. The operation process in the adaptive hydraulic circuit in static and dynamic modes is determined by the interaction of the pump controller and pressure differential control valves. The hydraulic system operation stability, its fast response and readjustment are determined by the controller parameters. It has been revealed that the main parameters affecting the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic system are: throttle area and coefficient of amplifying the pump controller orifice, dampener area and coefficient of amplifying the pressure differential control valve orifice. These parameters affect the stability, controlling and readjustment time in the hydraulic circuit differently. A functional including the values of controlling time , σ controlling and losses in the pump controller was used as an optimization criterion. The optimization has been made according to the developed mathematical model applying the method developed by I. Sobol and R. Statnikov. During the optimization each controller parameter changed on 3 levels. 81 tests were made and the best combination of controller parameters for the optimization criterion was determined. The following hydraulic circuit operation values were reached under the optimal values of parameters = 1.0·10-6 m2, = 1.0·10-3 m, = 1.2·10-6 m2, = 10·10-3 m: = 1.1 с, σ = 32 %, = 0.82 kW that comply with the requirements towards hydraulic circuits of mobile machines.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRI-LAYERED MATERIALS UNDER CONTACT LOAD
Authors:   Department of Mechanics and Technologies, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Spinu Sergiu ,   Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), Stefan cel Mare University
Published: December 2021

Various biomedical components, such as dental crowns and hip prostheses, data processing devices, and other numerous mechanical components that transmit load through a mechanical contact, may benefit from a tri-layer design. The coating may be optimized for wear protection and corrosion prevention, whereas the intermediate layer provides increased adhesion between the outer layer and the substrate, and confines the crack propagation. The solution to the contact problem involving tri-layered materials can be pursued numerically with the finite element or the boundary element methods, but semi-analytical techniques benefitting from the efficiency of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique have also been successfully applied. At the heart of the FFT-assisted approach lie the frequency response functions (FRFs), which are analytical solutions for fundamental problems of elasticity such as the Boussinesq and Cerruti problems, but expressed in the frequency domain. Considering recent efforts and results in application of FFT to convolution calculations in contact problems, the displacement arising in a tri-layer configuration is computed in the frequency domain, and the contact problem is subsequently solved in the space domain using a state-of-the-art algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method. The method relies on the FRFs derived in the literature for tri-layered materials, and the efficiency and accuracy of computations in the frequency domain is assured by using the Discrete Convolution Fast Fourier Technique (DCFFT) with influence coefficients derived from the FRFs. The computer program reproduces well-known results for bi-layered materials. Numerical simulations are performed for various configurations in which the elastic properties of the layers, as well as the frictional coefficient, are varied. By using the newly advanced simulation technique, design recommendations may be advanced for the optimal configuration of tri-layered materials under contact load.
Manufacturing A Personalised Composite Material Driver’s Seat
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineerning, Żur Paweł , Kołodziej Alicja ,   Silesian University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineerning, Nowak Adam ,   Silesian University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineerning, Baier Andrzej ,   Silesian University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineerning
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the process of 3D-printing and laminating a composite material driver’s seat for Silesian Greenpower’s electric vehicle. Silesian Greenpower is a student’s interfaculty project, of which aim is to design, build and race a small electric race car. Aerodynamics and lightweight construction play a major role, so each element applied in the car is optimized and customized to fit in the vehicle. For this purpose, 3D-printing technology is often used by the team. A seat model made on the basis of the driver's anthropometric model was presented in the paper. Subsequently, after the appropriate adaptation of the obtained surfaces to interconnect them with each other, the FDM technology was applied using PET-G material. To increase the strength of the connections of the printed elements and to strengthen the design and stability of the chair, the element was laminated using carbon fibre and epoxy resin. The lamination process is presented and discussed in the article.
Modelling and optimization of magnesium alloy milling parameters
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, ”Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Chirita Bogdan , Tampu Catalin ,   Faculty of Engineering, ”Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Herghelegiu Eugen ,   Faculty of Engineering, ”Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Grigoras Cosmin ,   Faculty of Engineering, ”Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau
Published: December 2021

In the pursuit to lighter, less consuming products, manufacturers, especially in aviation and automotive industries, are turning more and more to using lightweight alloys such as the ones based on magnesium. Higher requirements for increased productivity have led to concepts like high-speed machining (HSM), high feed machining (HFM) or high-efficiency machining. Tighter regulations concerning requiring for more environmentally friendly industrial processes led to limitations in the use of cooling liquids and a search for cooling methods with less impact (dry cutting, cryogenic cooling, near dry machining and others). Better machining processes can only be achieved by modelling and optimization. This paper briefly presents the results obtained by our research team concerning the modelling and optimization attempts on face milling of magnesium alloys using different methods: design of experiments (e.g. factorial design, response surface method), fuzzy logic or neural networks.
COMPARATIVE PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GAS FLOW IN THREE DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF IN-LINE SCRUBBER BOTTOM INLET
Authors:   Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromechanics, Jugănaru Daniela-Elena , Voicu Ionuț ,   Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromechanics, Panaitescu Mariana ,   Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromechanics, Panaitescu Viorel ,   Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromechanics, Faitar Cătălin ,   Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromechanics
Published: December 2021

In this study, gas flow fields were simulated using ANSYS 2020R2, Fluid Flow Fluent computational fluids dynamic (CFD) software based on the continuity, velocity, temperature, energy and k - e turbulence. The overall objective of the study is to compare the velocity maps inside the wet scrubber system for three different In-Line scrubber bottom inlet designs. Also, the behavior of the temperature of the mixture inside the scrubber is studied according to the number of nozzles provided by each system from those proposed for study. The numerical simulation using CFD is an effective method to study the flow characteristics of a counter-flow wet scrubber system and the most efficient wet scrubber model is the one with several. The results show that the residuals have a very good job of converging at minimum flow contours and vectors at the inlet across the scrubbing chamber and outlet shows a distributed flow. The speed of water droplets sprayed by the nozzles during mixing with waste gas in the scrubber chamber is double at model with 52 nozzles compared to the first model, equipped with only 13 nozzles. The velocity of clean gases discharged to the ship’s hull shows increases of over 100% of the values, with the increase of the number of nozzles. Spray nozzles improve mixing between the scrubbing liquid and waste gas, by injecting liquid through nozzles to create a fine droplet spray pattern. In this study it can be seen how the number of nozzles influences the quality of the mixture between the scrubbing liquid and waste gas.
Heterogeneity in Linguistic Behavior While Maintaining Identity Among the Users of Different Dialects of the Brahui Language
Authors: Sehrish Rabbani  , Malghani Mehwish , Khan Mehwish Ali , Manzoor Fahmeeda
Published: December 2021

This study explores the lexical variation among Brahui dialects in general and, three main dialects of Brahui language Sarawani, Rakhshani, and Jalawani, in particular. The aim was to find out how far lexical variation marks the existence of identity and regional boundaries. The data was collected through interviews from 12 participants. In this study the social identity theory by Tajfel and Turner (1979) was used. The study reveals that lexical variety exists among the three Brahui dialects showing heterogeneity in the participants’ linguistic behavior to keep up their identities which separates the inhabitant of one region from another region also showing the presence of regional boundaries.
Logical Identity: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Ibrulj Nijaz
Published: December 2021

It is my intention in this article to present some consequences of Quine’s thesis on the dependence of ontology on ideology (Quine, 1980), seeking an argument for my own thesis on the dependence (theoretical) existence of entities on identity type or ontology dependence on logic and language.If Quine's thesis is correct, then we can expand the resolution of this conclusion and say that ontology depends on the identity or on identification of the "identity criteria for conceptual schemes" (Davidson, 2001) which is constructed in the theory. Consequently I will speak about types of identity which adapts choice of ontology and of which depends ontology of a theory. Here I want to connect the different types of use of the term identity in Aristotle's writings and the different types of predications that are based on them with the concept of identity as the equivalence of symbols in modern logic. I want to reinterpret Quine's statement: "There is no entity without identity " in the form of imlication "What (kind of) identity such (kind of ) entity."
Motivational Strategies of Retail Company during Work from Home
Authors: Padura Maribeth , Hernandez Manuel , Manalo Nickie Boy
Published: December 2021

According to the management scholars Richard Kreitchner and Carlene Cassidy, “the term motivation, refers to a physiological process that gives behavior purpose and direction”. It is thought that if an employee is motivated, they will be usually content with his employment, and since they will be happy, they will be able to provide their best effort and contribution to the task at hand. However, there are numerous sorts of motivation for everyone, and it is unlikely that every individual in the firm or in that particular area will be motivated in the same way. Employee Motivation Is defined as the Power That Propels Employees toward Achieving the Organization's Unique Goals and objectives. As the covid-19 epidemic affects our country, the goal of this study is to examine motivating elements that might influence employee performance while working from home. The respondents were chosen using standard random sampling procedures. The data was collected from 46 administrative personnel. The researcher studied several motivating elements and investigated how employee demographics such as age, gender, position, department, marital status, and housing situation may affect their degree of job satisfaction in this research study.
Achylles Porto Alegre y su ciudad extranjera
Authors: Perin Henrique
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza las posibles interpretaciones de la historia urbana de la ciudad de Porto Alegre, capital de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, a través de la visión del cronista Achylles Porto Alegre como un extranjero en el centro urbano. Entendiendo que la narrativa del pasado nos lleva a un país extranjero, según David Lowenthal, es posible leer las crónicas de Achylles, periodista e historiador brasileño, activo entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, como el relato de un viaje a un país lejano y exótico. La obra del cronista, concebida bajo los auspicios del romanticismo, saca a la luz la ciudad pasada de los siglos XVIII y XIX, a menudo comparándola con la del siglo XX, construyendo la imagen de otra ciudad, una ciudad extranjera, en otra época y lugar.
"El mundo nuevo" imaginado por Louise Michel. Literatura, labor editorial y utopía anarquista
Authors: Migueláñez Martínez María
Published: December 2021

Este artículo examina las novelas de Louise Michel Les Microbes humains (1886), Le Monde nouveau (1888) y Le Claque-dents (1890) y sus posteriores reediciones. Ahonda en el papel de la militante como escritora anarquista, más concretamente, como creadora de mundos utópicos, claramente ideologizados, así como en las redes editoriales anarquistas y no anarquistas que le dieron o negaron difusión y los motivos de estas inclusiones y exclusiones. Estas tramas de impresión y de traducción son analizadas desde un enfoque transnacional.
Sobre la "Crónica do Principe Agesilao e da Raynha Sidonia", un curioso manuscrito de la Biblioteca General de la Universidad de Coimbra
Authors: Setkowicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en examinar un manuscrito portugués titulado Crónica do Principe Agesilao e da Raynha Sidonia..., que hasta ahora se ha creído una traducción de la tercera parte de Florisel de Niquea de Feliciano de Silva y procedente de mitades del siglo xvi. Sin embargo, en el artículo se demuestra que se trata de una traducción más tardía, hecha a partir de la versión italiana de la obra (la de Mambrino Roseo da Fabriano). El análisis del manuscrito proporciona datos interesantes acerca de la pervivencia de los libros de caballerías en el siglo xviii y de los modos de difusión de este exitoso género de la narrativa áurea española más de 100 años después de sus últimas ediciones en la Península Ibérica.
Manuel Parada López de Corselas y Laura María Palacios Méndez, "Pedro Dávila y Zúñiga, I marqués de las Navas. Patrocinio artístico y coleccionismo anticuario en las cortes de Carlos V y Felipe II"
Authors: Bellsolell Martínez Joan
Published: December 2021

Reseña de Manuel Parada López de Corselas y Laura María Palacios Méndez, Pedro Dávila y Zúñiga, I marqués de las Navas. Patrocinio artístico y coleccionismo anticuario en las cortes de Carlos V y Felipe II.
Strategic Culture of the United States of America – Comparative Background
Authors: Zarobny Stanisław
Published: December 2021

Culture is the natural environment of the strategy, which itself directly shapes security by providing ideas and standards for professional strategists or politicians setting specific goals and tasks in the area of security. In this article, the author attempts to examine the process of shaping the strategic culture of the United States and to show the similarities and differences with the strategic culture of the People’s Republic of China. The basic research method that was applied was the literature analysis on the basis of which the author comes to the general conclusion that there are many similarities and differences (with the predominance of the latter) between the cultures of the United States and the People's Republic of China. They result primarily from the history of both powers, the attitude to threats and the usage of the armed forces, as well as the pursued security and foreign policy.
Attitude of Individuals First Entering Labour Market to the Implementation of Equality of Treatment Principle in Labour Relations
Authors: Štareikė Eglė , Alaburdaitė Ugnė
Published: December 2021

By invoking scientific doctrine, legal regulations and official statistics, the paper aims at assessing the actual position of females and males in labour relations in Lithuania as well as identifying the problems of the legal regulation of gender equality. The survey conducted among MRU Public Security Academy students was dedicated to disclosing the perceptions of individuals first entering the labour market about (in)equality in labour relations and experiences in the course of professional practice. To attain these objectives, certain goals were set: analysis of multiple layers of the concept of equality, legal regulation of the principle of gender equality and its inclusion in labour relations and statutory service. Furthermore, the present paper considered various trends and patterns in the implementation of the gender equality principle in labour relations, based on the analysis of the data of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. Empirical research was carried out to assess the experience of students who had their professional practice in police headquarters in terms of gender inequality. Based on the performed survey that involved the students of MRU Public Security Academy, it should be concluded that the majority of students did not understand the different behaviours that could violate an individual’s rights in terms of the equality of men and women. When responding to certain questions, the majority of respondents indicated that gender inequality in Lithuania existed only to the extent it occurred naturally; however, when responding to other questions, the majority stated that there were numerous situations during their practice when they experienced discrimination (i.e. preferential treatment of one of the genders, abuse due to gender etc.). This can lead to the conclusion that violations of gender equality committed on certain grounds are perceived as a natural phenomenon resulting from natural differences between the sexes and because of this, certain flawed behaviour is justified. This results in fewer opportunities for individuals to report violations to responsible institutions and thus ensure the protection of their rights as well as to share their experiences with other individuals and, as a result, educate them.
Challenges Posed to Social Youth Organisations in the Fields of Security and Rescue
Authors: Pietrek Michalina
Published: December 2021

In Poland, it is possible to observe a lack of comprehensive solutions to the problem related to the co-existence of youth rescue organisations in the system of local security, namely: the solutions which would legalise involvement of such organisations in emergency situations and which would indicate the role that such entities could play in prevention. In the paper presented below, the Author poses the following questions: What are the contemporary challenges and expectations of youth rescue organisations? What activities in the fields of security and rescue could be developed by social rescue organisations to use their potential and to improve the level of security? It is possible to expect that the development of some particular fields of activity will contribute to the improvement in the efficiency of social organisations and the impact they have on the level of local security. It can be achieved by the promotion of pro-social behaviour in the fields of security and rescue among young people, local communities and self-government authorities to form the civil society. In order to meet challenges and expectations of youth rescue organisations, it is necessary to provide young people with broader participation in social organisations, to improve the attractiveness of such entities through systemic and financial support, along with social and education base. To provide a solution to the research problem, the Author has applied the method of a diagnostic survey in the form of expert interviews with people involved into activities undertaken by youth rescue organisations.
Determining the Level of Security Culture of the Entity Using the Midified Shalom Schwartz Value Model
Authors: Wiraszka Piotr
Published: December 2021

Each consciously existing entity has its own unique, hierarchical set of values, helping to make decisions and set directions for action. This power is a security culture, also defined as a set of universal values, attitudes and beliefs. The foundation upon which the security culture grows is the three pillars of security – the three energy streams of the security culture. The objective is to estimate the level of the entity’s security culture and present its structure. The determination of the empirical size of a security culture is made by adapting Shalom Schwartz’s value theory and his ten types of fundamental values. The values placed on the Schwartz circle model are aggregated to the appropriate energy streams of the security culture, and this move allows for empirical determination of the level of the security culture of an individual. The obtained results show the structure of energy streams and determine the empirical level of the subject’s security culture. The approach taken shows that the level of security culture is computable.
Security in an Anthropological Perspective [review]
Authors: Stempień Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Review of: Stanisław Jarmoszko, Za kulisami przetrwania. Diachroniczna perspektywa antropologii bezpieczeństwa, Siedlce, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo Humanistycznego w Siedlach, 2019.
Legal Aspects of Domestic Violence in the Light of Amendments to the Police Act and Other Acts
Authors: Gadomska-Radel Anna
Published: December 2021

Violence in the family is an important social issue and one of the most dangerous pathological problems leading to victimisation. It can take various forms, namely physical, psychological, economic and sexual abuse, and each time it causes multi-level consequences for all family members. The extent of domestic violence and its consequences show that the binding regulations of the Act on Counteracting Domestic Violence, as well as of the Code of Criminal Procedure, referring among others to the order for the perpetrator of domestic violence to leave the place of residence, have often proved insufficient in practice. It was therefore necessary to introduce more effective instruments of the legal protection of a person subjected to violence into the Polish legal system, allowing, inter alia, to order the offender to leave the place of residence with immediate effect. It was additionally improved by allowing the court, as a form of safeguarding measures under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, to extend the validity of an order or a ban issued by the Police or Military Police for a further period of more than 14 days, as well as by speeding up the proceedings related to obliging a violent person to leave a shared dwelling and its immediate vicinity or bar him or her from the dwelling and its immediate vicinity. This was expressed in the Act of 30 April 2020 on amending the Act - the Code of Civil Procedure that came into force on 30 November 2020 and in some other acts. The introduced regulations will make it possible to ensure the safety of a person affected by violence who will not have to leave the dwelling to seek shelter for themselves and their children, and should also contribute to the improvement of victims’ situation and measures taken to counteract violence in the family.
Normative and Theoretical References of Post Penitentiary Probation in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Rusu Oleg , Cojocaru Radion
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the institution of post penitentiary probation from the perspective of penal-executional legislation of the Republic of Moldova and the relevant doctrine. Thus, it is mentioned that probation is considered to be an important stage in the context of the adjustment of national legislations to international standards aiming at setting up an intermediate area within the penalty system, re-evaluating the repressive concept to replace it with a curative model. In the conclusions, it is outlined that in order to solve the issue of resocialisation and full integration of the inmates/convicts in every single case, it is absolutely necessary to have a differential treatment, an individual-based approach by applying the most effective means and methods of work. However, the supervision will only have a minimal effect if not accompanied by the granting of social support. On the other hand, social support without any supervision has no effect either.
Perception of security of a tourist destination on the case of the Czech Republic in the year preceding the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Polišenská Veronika A. , Polišenský Jan
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to determine what security concerns are taken into account during the selection of a tourist destination. The research data were collected in 2019 from respondents belonging to various age groups (N = 2,065) in the Czech Republic, using online and paper questionnaires. The analysis of answers resulted in the formation of 84 individual concepts, which were subsequently summed into nine categories. They include acute threats, country, economic and political state of the country, environmental characteristics, health and hygiene, personal reasons, religion, social situation in the country and travelling preferences. The results provide an insight into people's perceptions of travel destinations in terms of security and show which issues deter visitors from entering a given country. Such opinions are important to many security agencies that deal with threats against tourists, as well as to those involved in promoting security among tourists.
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: December 2021

Gjennom vitenskapelige studier og personlige skildringer har vi i årenes løp fått belyst hvordan de mange belastningene og utfordringene som etterlatte ved selvmord opplever arter seg. Vi har også fått mer kunnskap om hvilke behov etterlatte har for støtte og oppfølging både på kort og lang sikt. Men vi har hatt forholdsvis lite av «harde» data om hvilke konsekvenser et tap ved selvmord kan få for liv og helse hos de nærstående i en norsk kontekst. Med Lisa Burrells doktorgradsarbeid som ble fullført helt på tampen av 2021 har vi imidlertid fått innsikt i et vell av data som beskriver mange av de konsekvensene som tap av en forelder kan få for barn eller ungdom på kort og lang sikt. Burrell har brukt de norsk befolkningsregistrene til å belyse mange viktig spørsmål og blant annet funnet at tap av foreldre grunnet ytre dødsårsaker, især selvmord, medfører en signifikant høyere risiko for å ikke fullføre utdannelse på alle utdanningsnivåer, bli diagnostisert med en psykisk lidelse, mottasykehusbehandling for villet egenskade og selv dø i selvmord. Dette er viktige funn og de bør føre til en betydelig styrketoppfølging av barn og unge som mister foreldre ved selvmord – oppfølging som også varer utover denførste tiden.

Hvordan vi skal følge opp og hvordan vi styrker denne hjelpen, er nok et spørsmål som kan besvares på flere måter. Det somi alle fall er klart, er at vi trenger å lytte til etterlatte og til pårørende. Og vi trenger råd fra fagfolk og frivillige med erfaring påfeltet. Vi har fått med et utvalg av slike stemmer i dette nummeret av Suicidologi som vi håper kan bidra til å opplyse tematikken. Sikkert er det i alle fall at her trengs et krafttak!
Reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas em documentos jurídicos em português utilizando redes neurais
Authors: Mota Caio C. R. , Nascimento André C. A. , Miranda Péricles B. C. , Mello Rafael Ferreira , Maldonado Isabel W. S. , Coelho Filho José L. M.
Published: December 2021

Ao longo dos últimos anos, a tecnologia da informação vem transformando o mundo jurídico, automatizando processos e, por consequência, diminuindo o tempo necessário para criação e análise de peças jurídicas digitais. Um dos problemas mais estudados nesta área é o reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas (REN) em textos não estruturados. Trabalhos anteriores não abordaram a detecção de entidades legais por meio da aplicação de modelos baseados em redes neurais disponíveis em bibliotecas de processamento de linguagens natural. Neste artigo, o uso de das bibliotecas Spacy e FLAIR foram analisados no contexto de REN em petições iniciais. Os modelos foram treinados com arquiteturas pré-definidas e avaliados em dois corpora, um deles desenvolvido no âmbito deste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos com esses experimentos demonstraram bons resultados com ambas as plataformas Spacy e FLAIR, com desempenho superior quando adotado o BiLSTM-CRF com FLAIR embeddings.
Using instance hardness measures in curriculum learning
Authors: Nunes Gustavo H. , Martins Gustavo O. , Forster Carlos H. Q. , Lorena Ana C.
Published: December 2021

Curriculum learning consists of training strategies for machine learning techniques in which the easiest observations are presented first, progressing into more diﬃcult cases as training proceeds. For assembling the curriculum, it is necessary to order the observations a dataset has according to their diﬃculty. This work investigates how instance hardness measures, which can be used to assess the diﬃculty level of each observation in a dataset from diﬀerent perspectives, can be used to assemble a curriculum. Experiments with four CIFAR-100 sub-problems have demonstrated the feasibility of using the instance hardness measures, the main advantage is on convergence speed and some datasets accuracy gains can also be verified.
Deep Learning and Mel-spectrograms for Physica Violence Detection in Audio
Authors: Lacerda Tiago B. , Miranda Péricles , Câmara André , Furtado Ana Paula C.
Published: December 2021

Há um crescente interesse em sistemas de detecção de violência de forma automática por meio do áudio ambiente. Neste trabalho, construímos e avaliamos 4 classificadores com essa proposta. Porém, em vez de processar diretamente os sinais de áudio, nós os convertemos para imagens, conhecidas como mel-spectrograms, e em seguida utilizamos Redes Neurais Convolucionais (CNN) para tratar como um problema de classificação de imagens utilizando-se de redes pre-treinadas neste contexto. Testou-se as arquiteturas Inception v3, VGG-16, MobileNet v2 e ResNet152 v2, tendo o classificador oriundo da arquitetura MobileNet obtido os melhores resultados de classificação, quando avaliado no HEAR Dataset, criado para a realização desta pesquisa.
Tessarine and Quaternion-Valued Deep Neural Networks for Image Classification
Authors: Senna Fernando Ribeiro de , Valle Marcos Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Many image processing and analysis tasks are performed with deep neural networks. Although the vast majority of advances have been made with real numbers, recent works have shown that complex and hypercomplex-valued networks may achieve better results. In this paper, we address quaternion-valued and introduce tessarine-valued deep neural networks, including tessarine-valued 2D convolutions. We also address initialization schemes and hypercomplex batch normalization. Finally, a tessarine-valued ResNet model with hypercomplex batch normalization outperformed the corresponding real and quaternion-valued networks on the CIFAR dataset.
LegalNLP - Natural Language Processing methods for the Brazilian Legal Language
Authors: Polo Felipe Maia , Mendonça Gabriel Caiaffa Floriano , Parreira Kauê Capellato J. , Gianvechio Lucka , Cordeiro Peterson , Ferreira Jonathan Batista , Lima Leticia Maria Paz de , Maia Antônio Carlos do Amaral , Vicente Renato
Published: December 2021

We present and make available pre-trained language models (Phraser, Word2Vec, Doc2Vec, FastText, and BERT) for the Brazilian legal language, a Python package with functions to facilitate their use, and a set of demonstrations/tutorials containing some applications involving them. Given that our material is built upon legal texts coming from several Brazilian courts, this initiative is extremely helpful for the Brazilian legal field, which lacks other open and specific tools and language models. Our main objective is to catalyze the use of natural language processing tools for legal texts analysis by the Brazilian industry, government, and academia, providing the necessary tools and accessible material.
Análise de Sentimentos sobre o lockdown durante a pandemia de COVID-19: o caso brasileiro
Authors: Silva Paulo Alves da , Leite Felipe A. , Vitório Douglas , Oliveira Marcelo Iury S.
Published: December 2021

O alto risco de contaminação do COVID-19 tem levado vários países a tomar medidas de distanciamento social e isolamento. O Lockdown é o a medida mais rígida de distanciamento social. Embora o lockdown seja uma excelente ferramenta para a proteção da saúde, a adoção dessa medida divide opiniões. Nesse sentido, a Análise de Sentimento surge como um meio que pode ser utilizado para compreender a opinião da população sobre o lockdown. Assim, o presente trabalho realiza uma Análise de Sentimento com o objetivo de compreender como a população brasileira está reagindo em relação à implantação do lockdown durante a pandemia do COVID-19.
Uma implementação da busca em largura com estrutura bag e OpenMP
Authors: Oliveira S. L. Gonzaga de , Santana M. I. , Brandão D. , Osthoff C.
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, são mostrados resultados de uma re-implementação da busca em largura na linguagem C++ com estrutura bag e interface OpenMP. A implementação é baseada em uma proposta existente na bibliografia que utilizou a linguagem Cilk++, que foi descontinuada. Para os experimentos realizados neste presente trabalho, foram utilizados 10 grafos não direcionados e 10 digrafos em uma máquina composta de oito núcleos, com duas threads por núcleo. Em relação à versão serial, a nova implementação apresentou aceleração de 3,2 a 5,7x ao utilizar oito threads e de aproximadamente 3 a 8x ao utilizar 16 threads.
Nearest Neighbors Search Using Multi-GPU
Authors: Nogueira Vinícius , Amorim Lucas , Baratta Igor , Pereira Gabriel , Mesquita Renato
Published: December 2021

Meshless methods are increasingly gaining space in the study of electromagnetic phenomena as an alternative to traditional mesh-based methods. One of their biggest advantages is the absence of a mesh to describe the simulation domain. Instead, the domain discretization is done by spreading nodes along the domain and its boundaries. Thus, meshless methods are based on the interactions of each node with all its neighbors, and determining the neighborhood of the nodes becomes a fundamental task. The k-nearest neighbors (kNN) is a well-known algorithm used for this purpose, but it becomes a bottleneck for these methods due to its high computational cost. One of the alternatives to reduce the kNN high computational cost is to use spatial partitioning data structures (e.g., planar grid) that allow pruning when performing the k-nearest neighbors search. Furthermore, many of these strategies employed for kNN search have been adapted for graphics processing units (GPUs) and can take advantage of its high potential for parallelism. Thus, this paper proposes a multi-GPU version of the grid method for solving the kNN problem. It was possible to achieve a speedup of up to 1.99x and up to 3.94x using two and four GPUs, respectively, when compared against the single-GPU version of the grid method.