bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Afternoon Tea Video For Speaking
Authors: Viter Simon , Suhartono Luwandi
Published: March 2024

This study was aimed to discover the effect on students’ speaking achievement through Afternoon Tea Video (ATV). This research was a pre- experimental study. The population sample of this research was eleventh grade students consist of 118 students. This research technique was by using cluster random sampling, the sample was XI IPS II that consist of 30 students. The data in this study was collected by using conversation test. Then the Researcher calculate the result of t-test were 29.73. it was significant higher than t-critical (29.73>2.0452). it stated that null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The research finding also showed that the score of the effect size of the treatment was 1.011 and categorized as “strong” effect. It can be conluded that Afternoon Tea Video (ATV) had a sttrong significant effect on speaking skills achievement of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 02 Sungai Raya.Keywords: Pre-Experimental, Afternoon Tea Video, Teaching Speaking
Developing Kahoot: A Game-Based Technology as Media to Teach English Grammar in Senior High School
Authors: Heni Veronika , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Regina Regina
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to develop Kahoot: a game-based technology as media to teach English grammar. Design and Development Research by Branch was the methodology of this study. The respondents of this research were two classes of Year-11 students of SMAN 1 Pontianak. This research was done in three phases of ADDIE approach, which is ADD where the Implement, Evaluation phases were skipped. In the analyzing phase, the researcher observed the students, the teacher, and the school conditions. In the designing phase, the researcher observed the textbook used and the curriculum applied in the school in order to generate a significant product. In the developing phase, the researcher used Kahoot! to develop learning media for the students by combining multimedia such as layouts, pictures, and sounds. Based on the evaluation results from the expert, Kahoot! was feasible and recommended to use for the students’ grammar learning integrated with technology. The students can use technology accessed through their gadgets for learning English grammar with Kahoot!Keywords: Kahoot!, English Grammar, Classroom Technology
Students' Interlanguage Process in Writing Daily Activities
Authors: Suriyanti Maria Susi
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to provide analysis on the grammatical errors occurred to the Seventh grade students of SMPN 01 Embaloh Hulu and their interlanguage causes in the students’ writing. This research was conducted through the procedure of error analysis. Surface strategy taxonomy, as one of the error types of error analysis was used for further analysis in order to describe the students’ errors. The subjects of this research were the seventh grade students of SMPN 01 Embaloh Hulu in the academic year of 2020/2021. The collected samples were taken by sorting out the samples from the students’ writing tasks. The samples were analyzed by the criteria of errors called Omission, Addition, Misordering, and Misformation. The result showed that the students produced 92% of non-English-like sentences in their writing. The most frequent error type made by the students was omission type. The result revealed 48% errors appearing on the students’ writing. The indicated result discovered that the students’ interlanguage process covered both the central process of interlanguage called overgeneralization of TL rules and strategy in language learning.Keywords: Interlanguage, Interlanguage Process, Surface Strategy Taxonomy
Utilizing Visible Light to Enable Contra-Thermodynamic Skeletal Rearrangement for Dearomative meta-Cycloadditions of 2-Acetonaphthalenes via Triplet Energy Transfer Cascade
Authors: Rai Pramod , Naik Sanghamitra , Gupta Kriti , Jindal Garima , Maji Biplab
Published: March 2024

With the renaissance of visible light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer (VLEnT) catalysis as a greener and milder catalytic regime, dearomative cycloadditions (DAC) have emerged as a powerful arsenal in arriving at sophisticated three-dimensional molecular scaffolds. With ortho- and para-variants having been well documented under VLEnT catalysis and dearomative meta-cycloadditions being known to be symmetry allowed in the excited singlet potential energy surface under harsher UV irradiations, the prospective [3 + 2] dearomative cycloadditions propelled via a VLEnT catalysis remains elusive. Herein, we report a formal dearomative meta-cycloaddition of 2-acetonaphthalenes propagated via a two-step VLEnT cascade circumventing the attainment of energetically higher singlet excited states. The work showcases the judicious selection of photosensitizer backed by DFT calculations to selectively promote the [4 + 2] DAC followed by a contra-thermodynamic stepwise skeleton rearrangement cascade. The detailed DFT studies in conjugation with electrochemical, photoluminescence, kinetic, quadratic dependency, and control experiments support the VLEnT cascade. The observed meta-selectivity over ortho- and para-DAC was rationalized by the reactivity difference in the singlet and triplet spin surfaces. The described protocol delivers highly sp3-rich polycyclic frameworks in high yields and moderate selectivities with wide functional group tolerance. The inclusion of bioactive agents and the establishment of a wide array of post-synthetic derivatizations further climaxes the efficiency of the designed protocol.
Are polymer gels synthesized by free radical polymerization with cleavable crosslinkers really degradable?
Authors: Irvine Gavin , Dawson Frances , George Aimee , Kopeć Maciej
Published: March 2024

Using cleavable crosslinkers is a straightforward way to impart degradability to gels/networks from vinyl polymers. However, if synthesized by conventional free-radical polymerization (FRP), such networks are often resistant to degradation, despite containing cleavable bonds. Indeed, the literature contains conflicting reports, suggesting a more complex relationship between the polymer type, preparation conditions and the ability of a network to degrade. To address this, we present a systematic study on the degradation of a series of polymer networks synthesized via FRP and containing disulfide crosslinkers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm) networks were synthesized under standardized polymerization conditions and subjected to degradation by thiol-disulfide exchange. Interestingly, PMMA and PS networks fully degraded and dissolved, however only at relatively low crosslinker loadings (< 2 mol% vs monomer). In contrast, PMA and PDMAm networks were found not to degrade at any crosslinking densities. By analysis of the polymerization kinetics, equilibrium swelling ratios pre- and post- attempted degradation and theoretical studies, we show that the inability of the FRP networks to fully degrade results from the presence of microclusters that form due to the rapid polymerization and extensive intramolecular cyclization. These heterogeneous structures do not swell, which prevents a small fraction of the disulfide bonds from being cleaved. Furthermore, degradability can be afforded to these networks by significantly reducing the initial monomer concentration, however at the expense of effective crosslinking density, thus explaining the literature discrepancies. Alternatively, strand-cleaving comonomers can be employed instead of cleavable crosslinkers to make the FRP networks fully degradable.
Automatic State Interaction with Large Localized Active Spaces for Multimetallic Systems
Authors: Agarawal Valay , King Daniel , Hermes Matthew , Gagliardi Laura
Published: March 2024

The localized active space self consistent field (LASSCF) method factorizes a complete active space (CAS) wave function into an antisymmetrized product of localized active space wave function fragments. Correlation between fragments is then reintroduced through LAS state interaction (LASSI), in which the Hamiltonian is diagonalized in a model space of LAS states. However, the optimal procedure for defining the LAS fragments and LASSI model space is unknown. We here present an automated framework to explore systematically convergent sets of model spaces, which we call LASSI[$r$,$q$]. This method requires the user to select only $r$, the number of electron hops from one fragment to another and $q$, the number of fragment basis functions per Hilbert space, which converges to CASCI in the limit of $r,q\to\infty$. Numerical tests of this method on the tri-metal complexes [Fe(III)Al(III)Fe(II)($\mu_3$-O)]$^{6+}$ and [Fe(III)$_2$Fe(II)($\mu_3$-O)]$^{6+}$ show efficient convergence to the CASCI limit with 4-10 orders of magnitude fewer states.
Rhodium-Promoted C-H Activation/ Annulation between DNA-Linked Terminal Alkyne and Aromatic Acid: A Finding from the Selection Outcomes
Authors: Lv Yuhan , Wu Min , Lu Weiwei , Cui Meiying , Liu Jiaxiang , Yi Wei , Wang Xuan , Lu Xiaojie
Published: March 2024

As discovered by the previous selection outcomes, we developed a Rhodium-promoted C-H activation/ annulation reaction of DNA-linked terminal alkyne and aromatic acid. This reaction exhibits excellent efficiency with high conversions and a wide broad sub-strate scope. Most importantly, the unique DEL-compatible condition provides a better scenario to yield an isocoumarin scaffold compared to conventional organic reaction condition, and this newly developed on-DNA method has confirmed its feasibility in preparing DNA-encoded libraries.
Derivation of variance estimators and statistical inference for indices of sexual size dimorphism: an example
Authors: Nemes Szilárd , Hartel Tibor
Published: March 2024

Short notes don’t have an abstract.
Effect of Net Profit, Debt & Operating Cash Flow on Dividend Policy in Automotive Companies Listed on the Idx During the Covid-19 Pandemi Era (2020-2021)
Authors: Widjanarko  , Putu A.L.S Dewa , Wijayanti Erma , Putri Tania Rambe
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of net profit, bank debt and cash flow whether it has a significant effect on dividend payments in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the Covid 19 pandemic era (2020-2021). As we know, the automotive industry has received several tax conveniences during the Covid 19 pandemic.   

Methodology: The data used in this study uses secondary data published on the website http://www.idx.co.id.  This study uses quantitative analysis methods, namely with statistics such as regression analysis and classical assumption tests.

Implication: The results of the study show that net income, debt and cash flow have an effect on dividend payout, we expect that this result should be used in the development of automotive industry in Indonesia.
Debt Structure and Future Financing and Investment. Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Hakro Jameel Ahmad Khan , Shaikh Amna Shabbir , Ali Umair , Ali Rajib
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the link between debt structure and future external financing and investment, existing empirical literature suggest various features of debt structure such as maturity structure, seniority and security profile might affect firms’ future financing and investment opportunities. However, literature is vague as to which way these characteristics of debt are actually related to observed financing and investment; this is partly due to the fact that the assumptions in theoretical predictions lack in terms of channels they consider relating to debt structure and future external financing and investment. This study investigates how debt structure is associated to financing and future growth opportunities in terms of fund raising, whether debt structure of oil and gas sector of Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Dynamic analysis were used to analyze the data

Findings: The results provide interesting insights, as traditional positive relationship in between short-maturity of debt external financing has revealed negative relation, which is in conflict with existing literature from agency cost but supports the rollover risk. The sector might be better off if it opts out to equity financing, which will open up new investment avenues for future financing and investment. Interestingly secured-debt does not appear to be beneficial owing to differing leveraging patterns within the sector.

Implications/Originality/Value: The paper provides new insights in terms of investment and financing patterns particularly in context of maturity structure of debt.
Impact of Profitability, Firm Size and Investment Opportunities on Earning Quality: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Mifrah , Alim Wajid , Khan Saleh Nawaz , Naz Iram
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of profitability, firm size, and investment opportunities on earning quality of companies in Pakistan. For this purpose, 100 non-financial companies were selected from the top industries of Pakistan registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2021. This study has taken earning quality as a dependent variable, while profitability, firm size and investment opportunities are used as the independent variables.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: For the purpose of investigation, descriptive statistics are presented and the multi co-linearity test, Hausman test, and random effect regression model are conducted. A purposive sampling technique is used in this research.

Findings: The research indicates that the profitability and investment opportunities have a significant and positive effect on earning quality of the companies. On the other side, the research demonstrated that the firm size has a significant negative effect on earning quality. The reason behind this relation is that the large-scale firms expands their discretionary accruals and manipulate the earnings as they want to show the healthy financial circumstances of the company in the market, so that they can attract investors. Therefore, by doing this manipulation, earning quality is impacted, which indicates the negative effect of firm size.

Implications/ Originality/ Value: This study would help the investors and stakeholders to better understand the financial condition of the non-financial companies of Pakistan before investment. Depending upon all the results, it is recommended that all companies must improve their earning quality and present it without manipulation so that the investors and other stakeholders can make more investments and profits.
Advanced Deep Learning-Based Predictive Modelling for Analyzing Trends and Performance Metrics in Stock Market
Authors: Raza Ali , Javed Mubeen , Fayad Adham , Khan Asfand Yar
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study's main goal is to investigate how deep learning approaches may be used to analyze stock market performance. The complex patterns and nonlinear interactions present in stock market data may be difficult to completely capture using traditional approaches, which are mostly based on statistical models.

Methodology: Our work uses a large dataset of historical stock prices, macroeconomic indices, and other crucial financial factors to address this. Simple Moving Averages (SMA) are one of the feature engineering approaches that are used to combine fundamental and technical indicators. To capture the temporal dynamics of the stock market, the study goes further into a variety of deep learning architectures, including as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs).

Findings: The results show that thorough feature engineering combined with deep learning approaches may effectively capture the complexity of the stock market and provide forecasts that are more accurate.

Implications: This highlights how deep learning may revolutionize financial market research and points to a paradigm change toward more trustworthy instruments for investors and decision-makers.
Forecasting the South African Real Spot-rate Curve During Covid-19 Stress
Authors: Mashoene Mmakganya , Doorasamy Mishelle
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of forecasting the South African real spot rate curve using different mathematical term-structure models during the Covid-19 period. This study follows previous studies by Reid (2009) and Mashoene et al., 2021) where dynamic term-structure models performed well compared to static term-structure models over normal market conditions. For high volatility, normality often breaks, which might result in a need for recalibration in the currently used methodology or a total change in the methodology.

Methodology: This study explores the dynamism of both dynamic term-structure models, which follow the Nelson-Siegel framework, and static term-structure models with the option of recalibration of model parameters to account for a change in macro-economic dynamics brought by the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The forecasting exercise was applied to term-structure models following the Nelson-Siegel framework using AR(1) process.

Findings: The incorporation of macroeconomic factors performed poorly in estimating future model parameters. This could be attributable to the effect of global stress, which resulted in poor linear relationships between macroeconomic and financial factors. Recalibration process on static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models improved the models' performance, especially during the high volatility/period of total economic shutdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Implications: The application of static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models with recalibrated parameters might improve bond pricing processes and risk management strategies in emerging markets, especially during market stress.
Untangling the Puzzle of Cash Holding Net Working Capital & Financial Performance: A Case of Pakistan Stock Market
Authors: Raza Hamad , Riaz Nimra , Riaz Ahsan , Salman Ali
Published: March 2024

Purpose:This study examines the impact of liquidity, cash flow operations, and cash holding on a firm’s profitability, with a moderating role of net working capital.The trade-off and pecking order theories are studied to formulate hypotheses to test the explanatory variables that affect a firm’s profitability of companies in Pakistan Stock Market.

Methodology:The quantitative approach was used in this study and the panel data of selected companies were extracted from the Osiris database from 2009 to 2018.

Findings:The results show a significant positive connection between liquidity, cash flow operations, cash holdings, net working capital and ROA. As a result, the study’s model was accepted, explaining that liquidity, cash holdings, and cash flow operations positively and significantly affect the ROA.

Implications/Originality/Value:Limited evidence is available regarding the impact of net working capital on the affiliation between cash holding and profitability within the Pakistan Stock Market. The present study endeavors to address the above gap by investigating the moderating impact of net working capital on the association between selected factors of cash holding and profitability.
Green Finance Green Technology Innovation and Financial Development and their Role in SDG
Authors: Mehmood Sumera , Abbas Abdi Faryal , Ali Raza
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study analyses the connected roles of Green Technology Innovation (GTI), and Financial Development (FD), and Green Finance (GF)in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the G20 nations. The economy (ECO), the environment (EN), sustainable finance, green banking, green investment, climate change, climate finance, green loans, and sustainable development objectives are only a few of the many aspects covered by the research.

Methodology: This study uses statistical analysis with SPSS to examine dynamics of these characteristics among G20 nations using dataset of answers from 250 participants.

Findings: The findings of the research have big influence on investment strategies and sustainability initiatives including policy choices of the G20.

Implications: Using green finance models improves environmental management and encourages resource development and also lessens ecological risks. The research highlights significance of environmental conservation in fostering economic growth and shaping economic policy. It emphasizes how important economic
Examining the Dynamics of Customers Behavioral Intentions: An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Fin-Tech Adoption in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Waqas , Shafiq Owais
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the customers’ behavioral intention to adopt financial technologies (Fin-tech) in the banking sector of Pakistan. These factors include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, environmental concerns and demographic variable age was taken as moderator in this study.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The primary data was collected from 600 customers of the banking sector located in the region of southern Punjab, Pakistan, using simple random sampling techniques from those who are using technologies for their financial activities. The five-point Likert scale was used for data collection and the Google form was used to collect the data as this is the most efficient way.

Findings: The findings of this study reveal that many factors including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, and environmental concerns play a positive and significant role in the adoption of financial technologies for their business activities for the customers of the banking sector. At the same time, age was taken as a moderator which significantly moderated the relationship between environmental concerns and behavioral intention to adopt fin-tech.

Implications/Originality/Value: This study gave a detailed understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of Fin-Tech and is also helpful for the researchers, academician, business owners and policymakers for taking decision-makers about enhancing financial activities and getting more efficient and effective responses from the customers for adopting the financial technologies for their business activities and also generate a valuable business for their organizations.
Firm Performance: An Analysis of Financial Policy and Audit Quality in Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Rizwan , Shami Mugeeb Zaman , Khan Aiza , Hussain Muqdas Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Having effective and well-structured financial policies is essential for a company's success. These policies provide the foundation for measuring and analyzing an organization's performance through a robust financial management system. This study introduces a novel element, namely, audit quality, to enhance our understanding of how financial policies impact a firm's performance. The primary objective of this research is to delve deeper into whether audit quality plays a moderating role in the relationship between financial policies and a firm's performance.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Discretionary accruals were calculated using a regression model, and descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data.

Findings: The results of the study reveal that the connection between free cash flow, agency costs, and a firm's performance is significantly influenced by audit quality.  This research particularly offers valuable insights into the manufacturing sector, where performance is of paramount importance.

Implications: By considering the interplay of financial policy, audit quality, and firm performance, businesses and policymakers can make more informed decisions that contribute to the overall prosperity of the Pakistani corporate sector.
The Impact of Financial Sector Development on the Sustainable Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Chakar , Ahmed Mansoor , Ahmed Arshad , Farooq Imran
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study examine the impact of financial Institutions and markets development on the sustainable economic growth of Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Time series data of Pakistan is analyzed from 1985 to 2022 by using OLS.

Findings: Financial institutions development particularly banks are playing positive role in the real GDP growth rate of Pakistan. Financial openness has neutral effect, intermediation and liquidity has positive effect and financial institutions expansion has negative effect on the real GDP. The financial markets development is playing negative role in the real GDP growth rate in Pakistan due to weak, fragile and inefficient market institutions.

Implications/Originality/Value: Our study findings suggest that for a sustainable economic growth Government should encourage and support financial institutions particularly banks to increase economic activities in the country.
Evaluation of elite spring wheat genotypes for grain yield and other agronomic attributes in hills of Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal
Authors: Nainabasti Anjal , Subedi Bishesh , Thapa Damber Singh , Bohora Khem Bahadur , Shah Mithlesh Kumar , Pant Khem Raj
Published: March 2024

Selection and release of high yielding and disease resistant varieties is the cost effective and ecologically sound approach for increasing the production and productivity of agricultural crop in Nepal. Twenty-two advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes including commercial check variety "Sorgadwari", newly released check variety "Khumal Shakti" and Local Check variety " Jhadde" were evaluated under irrigated conditions at Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College (GAASC), Baitadi, Nepal during 2022/2023. This study was carried out for the identification of high yielding genotypes under irrigated condition in western hills. The experiment was conducted in Alpha lattice design with two replications. The highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was found for most of the traits viz., days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, plant height, spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, flag leaf area, thousand kernel weight, biomass yield and grain yield and non-significant difference for spike length. The mean grain yield ranged from 1908 to 4146 kg/ha with grand mean of 2766 kg/ha. The highest grain yield was produced by genotype NL 1474 (4146 kg/ha) which was followed by NL 1475 (3994 kg/ha), NL1597 (3536 kg/ha) and NL 1590 (3070 kg/ha). The check variety Sorgadwari and Khumal Shakti produced 3480 and 3070 kg/ha respectively while the local check variety Jhadde produced 2655 kg/ha. Similarly, highest TKW was produced by NL 1487 (68.5 g) followed by BL 5148 (67.2 g) and WK 3730 (66.3 g). The correlation analysis revealed that grain yield showed highly significant positive correlation with biomass yield (0.90**) and number of grains per spike (0.6**), spikes per square meter (0.7**), plant height (0.5**) and non-significant positive correlation with spike length (0.21) and grain weight per spike (0.1) and non-significant negative correlation with days to heading (-0.2) and days to maturity (-0.2). Cluster analysis revealed that Cluster III consists of 4 genotypes namely NL 1474, NL 1475, NL 1597 and Sorgadwari. This cluster represent with highest grain yield, number of spikes per meter square, number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike. Among the tested genotypes, NL 1474, NL 1475, NL 1597 and NL 1590 were found superior for grain yield and yield-related traits in comparison to three checks and could be recommended for hills of Sudurpaschim province after further testing in multi-environment and in farmer's field.
Production economics and marketing of Himalayan Yew in Mahankal rural municipality of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Timalsina Pratima , Dahal Shimran , Chaudhary Raj , Karki Saugat , Bhusal Nama Raj
Published: March 2024

This study delves into the dynamic landscape of Himalayan yew cultivation in the Mahankal Rural Municipality of Lalitpur district, offering a comprehensive analysis of the socio-demographic factors influencing growers' practices. By examining variables such as gender, age, education, landholding, income, ethnicity, access to irrigation facilities, and marketing strategies, we present a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved. Agriculture emerges as the cornerstone of respondents' income, with Himalayan yew cultivation consistently proving to be financially lucrative, yielding revenues and gross margins that significantly bolster local farmers' economic well-being. The calculated Benefit-Cost Ratio underscores the profitability of Himalayan yew cultivation in Mahankal, advocating for its sustained expansion. Despite favorable climatic conditions, challenges persist in marketing and production domains. Limited primary marketing channels signify untapped potential, necessitating initiatives to foster growth and enhance efficiency. Technical obstacles highlight the need for innovative solutions and technical support to bolster the sustainability of Himalayan yew cultivation. In conclusion, this research underscores the promising prospects and profitability of Himalayan yew cultivation while emphasizing the imperative to address existing challenges. Strategic interventions and collaborative efforts are essential to empower local farmers and ensure the enduring success of this valuable industry. This study serves as a clarion call for concerted action to propel Himalayan yew cultivation to new heights in Mahankal and beyond.
Length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship and condition factors of Hilsa Shad, Tenualosa ilisha from Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Ullah Md. Rahamat , Flura  , Rahman Md. Hashibur , Moniruzzaman Md. , Didar Md. Abu Kawser , Tarek Md. , Islam Md. Amirul , Ali Md. Zulfikar
Published: March 2024

Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha, a cherished and economically vital species, thrives in the waters of Bangladesh. It holds a prominent role in bolstering the nation's food security and influencing the ecological dynamics of aquatic ecosystems along the Bangladeshi coast and estuaries. This comprehensive study encompasses data collection efforts on the Hilsa fish species, conducted at 12 commercial landing centers throughout Bangladesh over the course of 2020. The study describes some fundamental components, including length frequency distribution, length-weight relationships, and condition factors, offers invaluable insights into the growth, health, and overall well-being of Hilsa population. Notably, the length-weight relationship analysis revealed size ranges of 11.5-59.2 cm and 11.0-49.0 cm total length for females and males, respectively. The observed b values indicated positive allometric growth (b > 3.00) for female population and negative allometric growth (b < 3.00) for male population in the length-weight relationship. Among the condition factors scrutinized, Fulton's condition factor emerged as the most reliable indicator for assessing the health and condition of the Hilsa population. This study offers valuable insights for biologists, aiding in the assessment of the species' status and providing essential information for fishery biologists and conservation biologists. Such insights are instrumental in the management and ultimate conservation of this iconic species in Bangladesh.
An ideal model of plant-vector-phytopathogen interaction and the management of the vector
Authors: Bastakoti Bipin
Published: March 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital cereal crop worldwide, crucial for global food security and various industrial applications. Its cultivation faces significant challenges from a diverse array of insect pests and pathogens, notably including the maize leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and the maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV). This paper explores the intricate interactions among maize, its insect vectors, and MDMV, emphasizing the urgent need for a deeper understanding to develop sustainable management strategies. Maize exhibits vast genetic diversity and is cultivated across diverse environments, making it susceptible to a range of pests and diseases. The transmission of MDMV by aphids, particularly R. maidis, poses a significant threat to maize production globally. The complex tripartite interaction between maize, aphids, and MDMV serves as an ideal model system for studying plant-insect-phytopathogen interactions. Understanding the components of this interaction is critical for developing effective management strategies. Despite significant research efforts, there remains a knowledge gap in the molecular mechanisms underlying vector-borne diseases. Further research on the molecular level is essential for identifying specific targets for genetic pest control and disrupting pathogen transmission by insect vectors. Developing countries, in particular, require intensified research efforts to address the growing challenges to food security and agricultural sustainability. Thus, unraveling the complexities of plant-insect-phytopathogen interactions is essential for devising effective strategies to combat vector-borne diseases and sustain global food systems. Enhanced scientific research, especially in developing regions, is crucial for addressing these challenges and ensuring food security for future generations.
Evaluation of the degrading potentials of plasmid and non–plasmid borne soil bacterial strains on bonny light crude oil
Authors: Ifediegwu Marcel Chikelue , Orji Michael Uchenna , Onuorah Samuel Chinedu , Uba Bright Obidinma
Published: March 2024

This study was undertaken to evaluate the degrading potentials of plasmid and non–plasmid borne soil bacterial strains on Bonny light crude oil. Enrichment technique, turbidometric test, plasmid curing test as well as gas chromatographic flame ionization detection technique was adopted for isolating and evaluating the oil degrading capabilities of the selected bacterial strains. The preliminary physicochemical results revealed that pH was recorded slightly neutral, higher conductivity (0.41 to 0.44 μS/cm), higher organic carbon (2.32 to 4.34 %) but lower nitrogen and phosphorus contents (0.27 % and 10.11 kg) as well as lower water holding capacity was noted, respectively. The results indicated that 22 out of the 60 isolated bacterial strains had high crude oil degrading potentials (A600nm > 0.3). The result further indicated that bacterial strains belong to various species which are Bacillus cereus C12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KAVK01, Bacillus licheniformis 126, Ochrobacterium intermedium E85b, Bacillus subtillis SDDlas, Bacillus subtillis LK4.5, Enterobacter cloacae GEBRI III and Bacillus cereus So24. Plasmid borne P. aeruginosa strain KAVK01 was the best degrader with 88 % remediation efficiency within the period while the plasmid cured P. aeruginosa strain KAVK01 had 65 % degradation with the order of n – alkane hydrocarbon degradation: (n-C8 - n-C17) > (n-C18 - n-C25) > (n-C26 - n-C32). The data obtained from the current study could help in the selection of bacterial species, most especially plasmid borne bacteria that can be employed in the restoration of oil contaminated soil ecosystem in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Evaluation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties with respect to growth and yield in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Bagale Pratima , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Giri Hom Nath , Regmi Pradip
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was carried out during October, 2021 to March, 2022 with an objective to evaluate growth and yield parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were six broccoli varieties viz. two open pollinated (Calabrese and Green Sprouting) and four hybrid varieties (Centauro, Century, Delight, Everest Green). Data were collected for biometrical, phonological, yield and yield attributing characteristics. Results revealed significance for growth and yield parameters.  Calabrese had the tallest plant (100.60 cm), the highest leaf number per plant (15.75), the longest leaf (73.90 cm), higher canopy diameter (101.75 cm) and earliness in head initiation (54.50 days) as well as head maturity (60.25 days). Highest head diameter (30.13 cm) and economic yield (22.52 mt/ha) was observed in Century. Thus, Century was found more profitable for commercial production in the environment conditions of Chitwan, Nepal.
Spontan pnevmotoraksli gənc xəstədə elektrokardioqrafik dəyişikliklər
Authors: Səmədov F.M.
Published: March 2024

Pnevmotoraks döş qəfəsində ağrı şikayəti ilə müraciət edən xəstələrdə az rast gəlinən, lakin diaqnoz gecikdikdə həyati təhlükəsi ola bilən patologiyadır. Burada imtahan zalında döş qəfəsində ağrı şikayəti ortaya çıxan, bir müddət sonra isə huşunu itirən gənc xəstədə pnevmotoraksla əlaqədar ortaya çıxan elektrokardioqrafik dəyişiklikləri və düzgün müalicədən sonra bu dəyişikliklərin dinamikasını təsvir edəcəyik.
Qulaqcıqlar və mədəciklərarası çəpər qüsurlarının transkateter yolla bağlanması
Authors: İmanov Elnur
Published: March 2024

Qulaqcıqlararası çəpər defekti ürəyin (QAÇD) iki yuxarı kamerasını ayıran divardakı dəlikdir. QAÇD kifayət qədər kiçik olduqda onu xüsusi cihaz ilə bağlamaq mümkündür. Prosedur laboratoriya şəraitində ürəyin kateterizasiyası ilə aparılır. Hazıkrı məqalə qulaqcıqlar və mədəciklərarası çəpər qüsurlarının transkateter yolla bağlanmasına dair ədəbiyyat icmalına həsr edilmişdir.
Preklinik aterosklerozun qiymətləndirilməsi
Authors: Nəcəfov Ruslan
Published: March 2024

Məlumdur ki, ateroskleroz prosesinin irəliləməsi aterosklerotik ürək-damar xəstəlikləri (AÜDX) riskini artıran amillərdəndir. Məhz bu səbəbdən son zamanlar AÜDX riskini qiymətləndirmək üçün onların baş verməsində həlledici amil rolunu oynayan və preklinik ateroskleroz adlandırılan halın öyrənilməsi çox mühüm klinik əhəmiyət kəsb etməyə başlamışdır. ÜmumdünyaSəhiyyə Təşkilatı risk amili termini adı altında fərddə xəstəlik və ya zədələnmə inkişafı ehtimalını artıran istənilən atributu, törədicini və ya təsiri nəzərdə tutur. Hal-hazırda AÜDX RA aşağıdakı kimi təsnif edilir: Modifikasiya oluna (dəyişdirilə) bilməyən RA, modifikasiya oluna (dəyişdirilə) bilən RA, qeyri-ənənəvi və ya yeni RA. AÜDX ilə olanlarda düyün aşağıdakı təsvir üsulları ilə müəyyən edilə bilər: Elektron-şüa kompüterli tomoqrafiya (EBCT) ilə təsvirləmə, 64 (və ya daha çox)kəsikli KT angioqrafiya, karotid intima-media qalınlığı (İMT), axına bağlı dilatasiya (FMD) və topuq-bazu indeksi (ABİ).ÜDX riski bu və ya digər RA-nın kombinasiyasının ümumiləşdirilmiş göstəricisidir ki, fatal və qeyri-fatal AÜDX ağırlaşmalarının proqnozlaşdırılmış başvermə riskinin dərəcəsini faizlə ifadə edir. Ümumi riskinsanda aterosklerotik mənşəli fatal ÜD hallarının müəyyən dövr ərzində baş verməsinin faizlə ifadə edilmiş ehtimal dərəcəsidir. Hal-hazırda müxtəlif ölkələrdə HeartScore, Pooled Cohort Equations və s. kimi risk diaqramlarından istifadə edilir.
Koronar arteriyalarin xroniki total okklüziyasi olan xəstələrdə kollateral inkişaf dərəcəsi ilə tiroid stimuləedici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri arasında əlaqə
Authors: Səmədov F.M.
Published: March 2024

Məqsəd: İnkişaf etmiş koronar kollaterallar miokard toxumasını işemiyadan qoruyur. Heyvan tədqiqatlarında qalxanabənzər vəzi hormonlarının pro-angiogenetik təsirə malik olduqları göstərilmişdir. Hazırki tədqiqatda məqsədimiz, koronar arteriyalarda xroniki total okklüziya olan xəstələrdə kollateral inkişaf dərəcəsi ilə tiroid stimuləedici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri arasındakı əlaqənin öyrənilməsidir.

Material və metodlar: Koronar angioqrafiyada xroniki total okklüziya aşkarlanan 310 xəstədən xaricetmə kriteriyaları tətbiq edildikdən sonra 174 xəstənin məlumatı dəyərləndirildi. Koronar kollaterallar Rentrop təsnifatına əsasən dəyərləndirildi və Rentrop 0-2 kollateral dərəcəsinə malik xəstələr “zəif kollateral”, Rentrop 3 kollateral dərəcəsinə malik xəstələr isə “inkişaf etmiş kollateral” qrupuna daxil edildi. İki qrup arasında tiroid stimulə edici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri qarşılaşdırıldı.

Nəticələr: 174 xəstədən 73-ündə (42%) inkişaf etmiş kollateral aşkarlandı. İki qrup arasında bazal demoqrafik, klinik və laborator göstəricilər baxımından fərq aşkarlanmadı. “İnkişaf etmiş kollateral” qrupunda TSH səviyyəsi “zəif kollateral” qrupu ilə müqayisədə daha aşağı olduğu müşahidə edildi (1.18 μIU/ml vs. 1.50 μIU/ml,p=0.038). Sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri baxımından qruplar arasında fərq izlənmədi (p=0.395).

Nəticə: Koronar xroniki total okklüziyalı xəstələrdəaşağıTSH səviyyələri ilə inkişaf etmiş kollaterallar arasında əlaqə mövcuddur.
Sol mədəciyin sistolik disfunksiyası olmayan sabit gərginlik stenokardiyalı xəstələrdə EKQ-in Holter monitorlanması zamanı qanda Nt-pro BNP-in səviyyəsi ilə ritm pozğunluğu və eləcədə işemiya epizodları arasındakı əlaqənin öyrənilməsinin nət
Authors: Məlikov A.Ə.
Published: March 2024

Tədqiqatın məqsədi, sol mədəciyin sistolik disfunksiyası olmayan sabit gərginlik stenokardiyalı (SGS) xəstələrdə qanda Nt-pro BNP-in səviyyəsi ilə miokardın ektopik aktivliyi arasındakı əlaqənin öyrənilməsi olmuşdur. Bu məqsədlə II-III FS-li kişi cinsindən olan 34 xəstə (orta yaş 53,6±1,2 il) müayinə edilmişdir. Bütün xəstələrdə EKQ-nin Holter monitorlanması aparılmış, mədəcik aritmiyaları Lown- Wolf təsnifatı ilə qiymətləndirilmiş və eyni zamanda bu xəstələrdə ST seqmentinin depressiyasının ağırlıq dərəcəsi öyrənilmişdir. Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, qanda Nt-pro BNP-nin səviyyəsi ilə mədəcik aritmiyalarının və ST seqmentinin depressiyasının ağırlıq dərəcələri arasında müsbət korrelyasiya mövcuddur. Bu isə öz növbəsində onu söyləməyə imkan verir ki, Nt-pro BNP nəinki ürək çatışmazlığının, həmdə mədəcik aritmiyalarının və işemik epizodların ağırlıq dərəcəsinin də markeri hesab edilə bilər.
Metabolik sindromu olan xəstələrdə kəskin koronar sindrom zamanı kardiohemodinamikada gedən dəyişikliklər və onların proqnoza təsiri
Authors: Cəfərov R.İ.
Published: March 2024

Tədqiqatın məqsədi metabolik sindromu olan KKS-lu xəstələrdə kardiohemodinamikada gedən dəyişiklər və onların xəstəliyiyin proqnozuna təsirini öyrənməkdən ibarət olmuşdur. Tədqiqata KKS-la yanaşı metabolik sindromlu olan 59 xəstər daxil edilmişdir. MS-lu xəstələrin seçilməsi YMP-III proqramına əsaslanmışdır.KKS-li xəstələr də 2 qrupa bölünmüşlər: ST seqmentinin qalxması olan(21 xəstə) və ST seqmentinin qalxması olmayan(38 xəstə) xəstələr.Bütün xəstələrdə qanın biokimyəvi analizi, arterial təzyiqin gün ərzində monitorlaşdırılması, 12 aparmada EKQ, ExoKQ, fiziki yükləmə sınağı (Tredmil testi), EKQ-nin Holter monitorlaşdırılması aparılmışdır və kardiohemodinamika göstəriciləri öyrənilmişdir.Tədqiqata daxil olan xəstələrdə 12 ay müddətində mərkəzi, periferik hemodinamikada, diastolik funksiyada gedən dəyişikliklər izlənmişdir.Aldığımız nəticələrə əsasən metabolik sindromu olan kəskin koronar sindromlu xəstələrdə ürəyin istər sistolik, istərsə də diastolik funksiyasında müəyyən dəyişikliklər ön plana çıxmışdır. Bu, güman etməyə əsas verir ki, metobolik sindromlu xəstələrdə aterosklerotik düyünün proqressivləşməsi çoxsaylı mexanizmlərlə baş verir. Məhz buna görə metabolik sindromu olan kəskin koronar xəstələrdə erkən müalicə tədbirləri görülmüş, birincili və ikincili profilaktik tədbirləri kompleks şəkildə və ardıcıllıqla aparılmışdır.Bu xəstələrdə revaskluyarizasiya 6 ay müddətində başa çatdırılmalıdır, müalicə-profilaktik tədbirlər bir-birini tamamlamalıdır.
Aritmogen sağ mədəcik displaziyası
Authors: Əhmədov T.M.
Published: March 2024

25 yaşında, əvvəllər heç bir şikayəti olmayan gənc oğlan son 2 ayda 3 dəfə baş verən qısa müddəli bayılmalardan şikayət edir. Sözlərinə görə bayılmadan əvvəl bədənində titrətmə hiss edir. EKQ-də mədəcik ekstrasistolları ilə yanaşı sağ döş aparmalarında neqativ T dişcikləri qeydə alındı. Ürəkdə hər hansı struktur dəyişlikliyin olub olmadığını bilmək üçün 2D, M, TDI-PW rejimlərindən istifadə etməklə exokardioqrafik müayinə aparıldı. Müayinə zamanı sağ mədəciyin (SağM) sərbəst divarında çapıq toxumasına bənzər hiperexogen sahə, sağ mədəciyin genişlənməsi və sistolik funksiyasının zəifləməsi aşkarlandı. EKQ-nin 24 saatlıq Holter monitorlamasında çoxlu miqdarda (politop, qrupşəkilli, triplet) mədəcik ektopiyası qeydə alındı. Bu nəticələrə asasən xəstədə sağ mədəciyin aritmogen displaziyası (ARVD, ARVC) olmasına şübhə yarandı və ürəyin MRT olunmasına qərar verildi.
Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında xəstələnmənin, ateroskleroz mənşəli ürək-damar xəstəliklərinin və onların risk amillərinin yayılmasının öyrənilməsi
Authors: Nəcəfov Ruslan
Published: March 2024

Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında ateroskleroz mənşəli ÜDX-nin baş verməsində risk amillərinin rolunu Avropa regionu ilə və əlillik göstəricilərini xəstələnmə göstəriciləri ilə müqayisə etdikdə aşağıdakı nəticələrə gəlmək olar:

Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə Azərbaycanın həm kişi və həm də qadın yaşlı əhalisi arasında şəkərli diabetə yüksək arterial təzyiqə nisbətən daha çox halda rast gəlinir. Bundan fərqli olaraq Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə Azərbaycanın yaşlı əhalisi arasında əlavə bədən çəkisinin kişilərdə nisbətən aşağı olmasına baxmayaraq bu göstərici bizim qadınlarda daha yüksəkdir, tütünçəkmə isə, Azərbaycanda kişilər arasında qadınlara nisbətən xeyli yüksək olmasına baxmayaraq Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə bu göstərici bizdə hər iki cins üzrə daha aşağıdır. Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında tənəffüs, həzm, ürək-damar sistemi xəstəlikləri ilə, travmalar, zəhərlənmələr və xarici cəbəblərin təsirindən baş vermiş, infeksion və parazitar xəstəliklərlə xəstələnmə daha yüksək olduğu halda əsas zədələnmə və əlillik törədən xəstəliklər ateroskleroz mənşəli ürək-damar, sinir sistemi və şiş xəstəlikləridir.
2-ci tip şəkərli diabeti olan və olmayan xəstələrdə maqistral arteriyaların intima-media kompleksinin qalınlığının və interadventisial diametrinin ürəyin işemik xəstəliyinin təzahürləri ilə müqayisəli şəkildə öyrənilməsi
Authors: Qurbanov Y.Z.
Published: March 2024

Məqalədə 2-ci tip şəkərli diabet mövcud olan və olmayan xəstələrdə ümumi, xarici və daxili yuxu arteriyalarının intima-media kompleksinin qalınlığının və interadventisial diametrinin ürəyin işemik xəstəliyinin təzahürləri ilə (EKQ-nin Holter monitorinqi zamanı ST seqmentinin patolojı dəyişikliklərinə əsaslanaraq) müqayisəli şəkildə öyrənilməsinin nəticələri təqdim olunmuşdur. Tədqiqatın gedişi müddətində alınan nəticələr göstərdi ki, şəkərli diabet mövcud olan xəstələrin magistral damarlarında damardaxili qan axınının sürəti nisbətən zəifləmiş, rezistentlik indeksləri isə əksinə, yüksəlmişdir. Bütün bunlar da damar divarlarının elastikliyinin azalmasına dəlalət edir. Digər tərəfdən, şəkərli diabet xəstələrində hər iki ümumi yuxu arteriyalarının intima-media kompleksinin qalınlığının (İMKQ) artması, interadventisial diametrinin (İD) azalması və İMKQ/İD nisbətinin nəzərə çarpan dərəcədə artması halları daha çox rast gəlmişdir. Qeyd edilən dəyişikliklər damar divarlarının rigidliyinin yüksəlməsi ilə bağlı kompensator remodelləşmə qabiliyyyətinin zəifləməsinin təsdiqi kimi qəbul edilə bilər. 2-ci tip şəkərli diabet zamanı, xüsusi ilə də arterial hipertensiya ilə müşayiət edilən xəstələrdə aşkar edilən bu dəyişikliklər damar divarlarına hiperglikemiyanın və yüksək damardaxili təzyiqin müştərək patogen təsiri ilə izah oluna bilər. Şəkərli diabet xəstələrində ümumi yuxu arteriyalarının İMKQ/İD nisbətinin böyüklüyü əsas damar hövzələrində baş verən zədələnmələrin ağırlıq dərəcəsini və aşkar edilmiş koronar çatışmazlığı epizodları əsasında aterosklerozun klinik təzahürlərinin ağırlıq dərəcəsini adekvat şəkildə əks edir ki, bu da həmin göstəricini ürək-damar ağırlaşmalarının proqnostik markeri kimi gəbul etməyə əsas verir. Beləliklə, şəkərli diabet xəstələrində, xüsusi ilə arterial hipertenziya ilə müşayiət edildiyi hallarda endotelin disfunksiyası gizli koronar çatışmazlığının proqnostik markerlərdən biri kimi qəbul edilməklə, əlavə adekvat dərman preparatının təyininə göstəriş ola bilər.