bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with Cleft: A Conceptual Framework of Caregiver Responses to Nasoalveolar Molding
Authors: Sischo Lacey , Broder Hillary L. , Phillips Ceib
Published: September 2014

Objective

To present a conceptual framework of caregiver coping and adaptation to early cleft care using nasoalveolar molding.

Design

In-depth interviews were conducted at three time points with caregivers of infants with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate whose children had nasoalveolar molding to treat their cleft. Qualitative data were analyzed using modified grounded theory.

Results

Most caregivers expressed initial apprehension and anxiety about the responsibilities of care associated with nasoalveolar molding (e.g., changing and positioning tapes, cleaning the appliance). In subsequent interviews, caregivers often reported positive feelings related to their active participation in their child's treatment for cleft. These positive feelings were associated with increased self-esteem and feelings of empowerment for the caregivers. Although caregivers also identified burdens associated with nasoalveolar molding (e.g., stress related to lip taping, concerns about the appliance causing sores in their child's mouth, travel to weekly appointments), they tended to minimize the impact of these issues in comparison with the perceived benefits of nasoalveolar molding.

Conclusions

Despite the increased burden of care, many caregivers of infants with cleft used nasoalveolar molding as a problem-focused coping strategy to deal with their child's cleft. Completing nasoalveolar molding was often associated with positive factors such as increased empowerment, self-esteem, and bonding with their infant.
Lung Cancer Treatment Disparities in China: A Question in Need of an Answer
Authors: Yang Lu-Lu , Zhang Xu-Chao , Yang Xue-Ning , Yang Jin-Ji , Wang Zhen , Chen Hua-Jun , Yan Hong-Hong , Xu Chong-Rui , Guan Ji-Lin , He Yan-Yan , Zhong Wen-Zhao , An She-Juan , Wu Yi-Long
Published: September 2014

Background.

Substantial progress has been made in the treatment of malignancies in the People's Republic of China in recent years. The goal of this study was to identify the extent to which national treatment guidelines are being used to customize patient care in lung cancer and to analyze the reasons for treatment disparities.

Methods.

Patient characteristics and treatments were investigated retrospectively for the period from October 2004 to January 2013 using the outpatient database of the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) in China.

Results.

A total of 2,535 outpatients with lung cancer were studied in this retrospective analysis. The treatment disparity was 45.3%. Overall, 20.6% of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were overtreated, and 20.1% of stage II patients were undertreated. Only 19.6% of stage IIIA patients and 30.7% of stage IIIB patients underwent the recommended combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. For advanced NSCLC, the greatest treatment disparity appeared in the second-line setting and beyond. Patients who were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors experienced significant prolongation of survival compared with patients who were EGFR negative or whose EGFR mutation status was unknown (hazard ratio: 0.79; p = .037). The treatment disparities were significantly larger among patients aged younger than 65 years and in patients from developing regions compared with patients aged 65 years and older and from developed regions, respectively (p < .001, p = .046). The difference in treatment disparity was statistically significant between GLCI and other hospitals (p < .001).

Conclusion.

This retrospective study of a large number of patients from an outpatient oncology database demonstrated large disparities in the treatment of lung cancer in China. It is important to develop a new guideline for recommendations that are based on resource classification.
Temporal dynamics of a commensal network of cavity‐nesting vertebrates: increased diversity during an insect outbreak
Authors: Cockle Kristina L. , Martin Kathy
Published: September 2014

Network analysis offers insight into the structure and function of ecological communities, but little is known about how empirical networks change over time during perturbations. “Nest webs” are commensal networks that link secondary cavity‐nesting vertebrates (e.g., bluebirds, ducks, and squirrels, which depend on tree cavities for nesting) with the excavators (e.g., woodpeckers) that produce cavities. In central British Columbia, Canada, Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) is considered a keystone excavator, providing most cavities for secondary cavity‐nesters. However, roles of species in the network, and overall network architecture, are expected to vary with population fluctuations. Many excavator species increased in abundance in association with a pulse of food (adult and larval beetles) during an outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), which peaked in 2003–2004. We studied nest‐web dynamics from 1998 to 2011 to determine how network architecture changed during this resource pulse.

Cavity availability increased at the onset of the beetle outbreak and peaked in 2005. During and after the outbreak, secondary cavity‐nesters increased their use of cavities made by five species of beetle‐eating excavators, and decreased their use of flicker cavities. We found low link turnover, with 74% of links conserved from year to year. Nevertheless, the network increased in evenness and diversity of interactions, and declined slightly in nestedness and niche overlap. These patterns remained evident seven years after the beetle outbreak, suggesting a legacy effect.

In contrast to previous snapshot studies of nest webs, our dynamic approach reveals how the role of each cavity producer, and thus quantitative network architecture, can vary over time. The increase in interaction diversity with the beetle outbreak adds to growing evidence that insect outbreaks can increase components of biodiversity in forest ecosystems at various temporal scales. The observed changes in (quantitative) network architecture contrast with the relatively stable (qualitative) architecture of empirical mutualistic networks that have been studied to date. However, they are consistent with recent theory on the importance of population fluctuations in driving network architecture. Our results support the view that models should allow for the possibility of rewiring (species switching partners) to avoid overestimation of secondary extinction risk.
Foreign Bodies Associated With Peri‐Implantitis Human Biopsies
Authors: Wilson Thomas G. , Valderrama Pilar , Burbano Maria , Blansett Jonathan , Levine Robert , Kessler Harvey , Rodrigues Danieli C.
Published: September 2014

Background: Peri‐implantitis is an inflammatory condition that can lead to implant loss. The aim of this descriptive retrospective study is to describe the histopathologic findings in soft tissue biopsies of implants with peri‐implantitis.

Methods: Thirty‐six human peri‐implantitis biopsies were analyzed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of foreign materials found in the tissues was assessed using an energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer.

Results: At the LM level, the inflammatory lesion of peri‐implantitis was in most cases a mixture of subacute and chronic inflammation dominated by plasma cells. At the SEM level, radiopaque foreign bodies were identified in 34 of the 36 biopsies. The predominant foreign bodies found were titanium and dental cement. These foreign materials were surrounded by inflammatory cells.

Conclusions: At present, the exact mechanism for introduction of these materials and their role in peri‐implantitis is unknown. Further research is warranted to determine their etiology and potential role in pathogenesis.
Prototype Test of an All-Electric Intelligent-Completion System for Extreme-Reservoir-Contact Wells
Authors: Bouldin Brett , Verma Chandresh , Bellaci Isidore , Black Michael , Dyer Steve , Algerøy John , De Oliveira Thales , Pan Yulin
Published: September 2014

One of the core focus areas in Saudi Aramco's effort to increase hydrocarbon recovery is in the application of extreme-reservoir-contact (ERC) wells. These wells, with more than 20 km of reservoir contact, are needed to ensure fluid off-take points are distributed throughout the reservoir efficiently. Accurate sensing and control are crucial to the efficient sweep of heterogeneous formations. This paper describes a recent multilateral (ML)-well trial that validated a number of core technologies and methods required to make ERC a reality, including

Well construction and deployment practices to allow electrical umbilicals to be reliably deployed in openhole laterals Deployment and testing of revolutionary low-power, infinitely positioned electric flow-control valves (FCVs) designed to be deployed in each compartment in an openhole segmented lateral completion Validation of the fully integrated onboard-production-monitoring system providing direct downhole measurements of pressures, temperatures, flow rates, and water cut for each controlled compartment Integration of the surface acquisition and monitoring system to the production supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition (SCADA) system to provide real-time downhole production information, as well as valuable system-health-status data that can ensure operational integrity during the life cycle of the well

An ML well close to the oil/water-contact point was allocated to validate the functionality of two prototype systems installed and has provided valuable reservoir data for more than 1 year of production. The well trial successfully demonstrated the ability to install and retrieve an umbilical completion from a 10,000-ft horizontal lateral. The ability to control downhole flow to within a few barrels per day measured at the reservoir face is proving revolutionary to the way the operator will approach future reservoir management. The sensing system will be capable of delivering continuous compartment productivity. The SCADA integration allows for a real-time management function such that the compartment can be controlled to a target off-take rate directly, without resorting to the use of traditional well-system models for estimating control settings. This paper highlights the objectives, installation, validation, and functional aspects of this new ERC well system, as well as identifying some of the immediate production effects emerging from this level of visibility and control at the formation face.
Optimization of Uncertain Structural Parameters With Production and Observation Well Data
Authors: Irving A.D.. D. , Kuznetsov D.. , Robert E.. , Manzocchi T.. , Childs C.J.. J.
Published: September 2014

The conditioning of fault geometry and properties to production data is usually achieved by ad hoc modifications without considering prior probability distributions or physical realism. We investigate optimization approaches on the basis of response surfaces and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), on a reservoir of which the structure, well pattern, and production history make it particularly suitable. The observed pressure behavior during buildup and interference periods demonstrates production induced across fault communication. This behavior was best matched by reducing the reservoir volume and fault offset compared with the base-case interpretation, but with fault properties close to the a priori base case.
High-Strength, High-Stability Pill System To Prevent Lost Circulation
Authors: Xu Cheng-yuan , Kang Yi-li , You Li-jun , Li Song , Chen Fei
Published: September 2014

A high-strength, high-stability (HSHS) pill system for controlling lost circulation has been developed and optimized on the basis of a physical model of a stable plugged zone. This HSHS pill system provides a stronger and more-effective seal than traditional treatments.

Controlling lost circulation with a plugged zone formed with lost-circulation material (LCM) in the fracture has achieved tremendous success in past years. However, investigation into the strength and stability of the plugged zone has not been reported. Lack of such knowledge often leads to excess costs from repeated fluid loss and rig time; it increases the difficulty and complexity of loss-zone diagnosis.

The new HSHS pill system addresses these shortcomings. Surface-friction coefficient, LCM volume fraction, and amount of contact deformation are the main influencing factors of the strength and stability of the plugged zone. The strength of the plugged zone is enhanced with the increase of the above factors. A physical model for stable plugged zone is established considering the three factors. The pill system that is based on the model provides an engineered combination of rigid granules, fibers, and resilient particles. The sealing efficiency and the pressure-bearing capacity are greatly enhanced. It was validated in several field trials in west China. Operational practices that facilitate the safe use of the HSHS system with overbalance exceeding 2,174 psi are discussed. In addition to the field-trial results, this paper also describes the laboratory experiments, that were used for developing the new system.

With the development of the physical model and the HSHS pill system, it is now possible to optimize and select the types, properties, and matching relations of the LCM. One can also use this technology to guide the design of the wellbore-strengthening scheme and to make sure of the long-term effectiveness of wellbore-strengthening measures.
Beta-blockers Associated with a Mortality Benefit in Patients with Systolic Dysfunction and Elevated Serum Bilirubin
Authors: Labos Christopher , Nguyen Vivian , Giannetti Nadia , Huynh Thao
Published: September 2014

Background:

Hyperbilirubinemia is associated with increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. We evaluated the impact of evidence-based medical therapy, in particular beta-blocker on the survival of patients with HF and hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods and Results:

We reviewed the charts of all patients followed at our tertiary care heart failure clinic. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as total bilirubin >30 µmol/L (1.5 times the upper limit of our laboratory value). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was a composite of death, cardiac transplant or ventricular assistance device implantation (VAD). Of 1035 HF patients, 121 patients (11.7%) had hyperbilirubinemia. Median follow-up was 556 days. Hyperbilirubinemia was associated with an eight-fold increase in all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR): 8.78[95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 5.89-13.06]. Beta-blocker use was associated with approximately 60% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.38, 95% CI:0.15-0.94) and 70% reduction in the composite secondary endpoint (HR:0.31, 95% CI:0.13-0.71) in patients with hyperbilirubinemia.

Conclusion:

HF patients with hyperbilirubinemia have increased early mortality, need for cardiac transplantation or VAD. Beta-blocker use was associated with early survival benefit in these patients. Bilirubin levels should be monitored in patients with HF and early initiation of beta-blockers in patients with hyperbilirubinemia should be considered.
Return-to-Work Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Dietrich Michael , Wasmer Mathias , Platz Andreas , Spross Christian
Published: September 2014

Objectives :

Shoulder disorders have an important impact on a patient’s capacity to work. We investigated whether there is a relationship between subjective or objective outcome measures and the ability and time for returning to work (RTW) after a proximal humerus fracture (PHF).

Design :

Retrospective single-centre study from March 2003 to June 2008.

Setting :

City hospital, trauma level one centre.

Intervention :

All PHF stabilized with a PHILOS®.

Main Outcome Measurements :

Routine follow-up examinations (X-ray, Constant-Murley Score (CMS), Short-Form 36 (SF-36)) were performed prospectively after 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months or until RTW. Primary interest was the comparison of the outcome scores with the time needed for RTW.

Results :

72 patients (52 years (22-64), 37 (51%) women) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We distinguished “office-workers” (OW) (n = 49, 68%) from patients who worked at a physically demanding job (PW) (n = 23, 32%). Although time for RTW was fundamentally different (42 (OW) vs 118 days (PW), p<0.001), CMS (64.7 vs 64.1) and SF-36 (66.8 vs 69.9) at time of RTW were almost identical. At follow-up, CMS and SF-36 were always lower in the PW group.

Conclusion :

Jobs which require higher physical demands were likely to influence and to delay RTW. This study identifies cut off values for CMS and SF-36 at which a patient feels capable or willing to RTW after PHF. These values show the importance and impact of a patient’s occupation or demands on RTW. We were able to show, that besides age, sex and fracture, the type of occupation might alter the scores in postoperative outcomes.
Exploring the Bereavement Experiences of Older Women with Intellectual Disabilities in Long-Term Residential Care: A Staff Perspective
Authors: Morgan Nancy , McEvoy John
Published: September 2014

This study explores the impact of bereavement on a group of older women with intellectual disabilities who have lived in a congregated residential setting for most of their lives. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, staffs' experiences of supporting individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disabilities through grief are examined. Data analysis revealed five super-ordinate themes. The findings indicate that recognizing grief in this group is complex, and secondary loss frequent. Carers and relatives may over-protect and disenfranchise their grief which is often expressed through changes in behavior and there may be a time lag before these expressions of grief are noticed. Religious practice and rituals were found to be helpful in coping and adjusting to loss. Carers are important advocates for supporting service users who are grieving, thus information on how grief is processed in elderly individuals with intellectual disabilities has implications for training and educating staff in supporting vulnerable adults.
Experiences and Motivations Underlying Wishes to Die in Older People Who Are Tired of Living: A Research Area in its Infancy
Authors: van Wijngaarden Els , Leget Carlo , Goossensen Anne
Published: September 2014

The wish to die in older people who are tired of living and the possibilities to organize death are currently being discussed within the debate on self-determination and physician-assisted suicide. Until now insight into the experiences and thoughts of people who are tired of life but not suffering from a severe depression or a life-threatening disease is lacking. Studies focussing specifically on this topic are rare. This review provides an overview of this research area in its infancy. The existential impact of age-related loss experiences play an important role in developing a wish to die. Other influencing factors are: personal characteristics, biographical factors, social context, perceptions and values. Further research to experiences and motivations underlying these specific age-related wishes to die and the existential impact of the loss-experiences seems necessary to deepen the understanding of this group of older people and for the development of policy and good care.
Preparative isolation and purification of seven compounds from Hibiscus mutabilis L. leaves by two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography
Authors: Hou Zhuoni , Liang Xianrui , Su Feng , Su Weike
Published: September 2014

Seven compounds from Hibiscus mutabilis L. leaves were first successfully
achieved by two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography with two-phase
solvent system composed of n-butanol-ethyl acetate-water (1:6:9, v/v/v) and
n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3:5:3:5, v/v/v/v/). The critical
experimental parameters of first-step separation were optimized with response
surface methodology as follows: flow rate was 1.1 mL/min, revolution speed
was 800 rpm and temperature was 30?C. Under the optimal conditions, around
5.0 mg of salicylic acid, 13.6 mg of rutin, 5.5 mg of genistein were obtained
in 100 mg crude sample. Then, 9.2 mg of potengriffioside A, 4.7 mg of
kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, 3.0 mg of steppogenin and 2.5 mg of emodin were
obtained by second-step separation. The purities of the seven compounds
determined by UPLC were 96.2%, 93.8%, 95.4%, 94.3%, 98.0%, 94.1% and 90.8%,
respectively. Their chemical structures were identified by electron spray
ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR). Furthermore, compound steppogenin and genistein were first reported
from Hibiscus mutabilis L. The purification method was simple, efficient and
evaded tedious separation process.
Eolian relief of southeast Banatian
Authors: Menkovic Ljubomir
Published: September 2014

During the Quaternary, eolian processes had dominantly morphological
importance in shaping of southeastern Banat. In morphology of this region,
therefore, dominates loess plains, Zagajica's ridge and Deliblato and
Banatian dune field. About the genesis of loess plains, Zagajica's ridge and
Deliblato dune field are different, very often opposite opinions. Meanwhile,
during the geomorphologic mapping of Vojvodina, at the end of nineties years
of last century and at the beginning of 21st century, the author of this
paper came to new conclusions, so he explains his opinion about relief of
southeastern Banat. Special attention was paid on morphology and
morphogenesis of Deliblato dunes field and Zagajica's ridge.
Dynamics of suspended sediment load in the upper part of the Rasina River Basin in 2010
Authors: Mustafic Sanja , Manojlovic Predrag , Kostic Predrag
Published: September 2014

The paper treats the issue of the suspended sediment load transport in the
upper part of the Rasina River Basin, upstream from the "Celije" reservoir
during the year of 2010. Measurements of the suspended sediment
concentrations were being done at two hydrological profiles Brus and Ravni.
Total quantity of the suspended sediment load that was transported at the
profile of Brus in 2010 amounted to 3,437.3 t, which gave the specific
transport of 16.4 t/km2/year. At the downstream profile of Ravni, 43,165 t of
the suspended sediment load was transported, that is, 95.7 t/km2/year. The
basin on the whole is characterized by the existence of two seasons, which
by their characteristics in the load transport represent the extreme
variants. During the winter-spring season, 74-85.8 % of the total annual load
was transported, ?nd during the summer-autumn season between 14.2 and 26 %.
The climate of Montenegro: Modificators and types - part one
Authors: Buric Dragan , Ducic Vladan , Mihajlovic Jovan
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study is to point out the basic climate modificators and
types in Montenegro. Rarely could you find such a small area with more
climate types and several subtypes and varieties as it is the case here. In
the Part one of the study the most important climate modificators in
Montenegro have been discussed, such as: mathematical - geographical
position, relief dissection, atmospheric circulation and the Adriatic Sea.
Atlantic and Mediterranean aquatories and Eurasian landmass play an important
part in climate modification in the area of Montenegro. These vast areas
represent the source of atmospheric action centres and air masses.
Molecular forms of galectin-1 from human placenta and trophoblast cells
Authors: Cujic Danica , Bojic-Trbojevic Zanka , Kolundzic Nikola , Kadoya Toshihiko , Vicovac Ljiljana
Published: September 2014

Galectin-1 (gal-1) is the best studied member of the galectin family of the
human placenta assumed to play important roles in pregnancy. Standard
isolation of gal-1 from human placenta using lactose extraction and affinity
chromatography in the presence of a reducing agent, produced several known
forms of gal-1, which were compared to the recombinant human gal-1 (rhgal-1)
and oxidized recombinant human gal-1 (Ox-gal-1). Isolated placental gal-1
retained lectin binding activity, evidenced by hemagglutination and dot blot
lectin assays. Characterization of the forms present by surface-enhanced
laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS),
based on hydrophilic interactions or immunorecognition, provided a sensitive
tool for detection of the fine differences among the diverse molecular
forms. The forms detected included previously established biologically
active oxidized gal-1 and reduced gal-1, as well as some other currently
uncharacterized (less investigate forms.
The Biological Activities of Troponoids and Their Use in Agriculture A Review
Authors: Saniewski Marian , Horbowicz Marcin , Kanlayanarat Sirichai
Published: September 2014

Chemical compounds containing the tropone structure (2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one), in their molecule, called troponoids, characterized by a seven-membered ring, are distributed in some plants, bacteria and fungi, although they are relatively rare. ß-Thujaplicin (2-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one), also known as hinokitiol, is a natural compound found in several plants of the Cupressaceae family. Besides hinokitiol, related compounds were identified in Cupressaceae trees. It has been demonstrated that hinokitiol and its derivatives have various biological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antimalarial, antitumor, anti-ischemic, iron chelating and the inhibitory activity against polyphenol oxidase activity. Activity similar to ß-thujaplicin has tropolone and its derivatives, which are not present nature. Due to the high scientific and practical interest, synthetic ß-thujaplicin and other troponoids have been produced for many years. In this review, the major biological effects of troponoids, mostly ß-thujaplicin and tropolone, on tyrosinase and polyphenol oxidase activity, ethylene production, antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities, and biotransformation of ß-thujaplicin by cultured plant cells are presented. Accumulation of ß-thujaplicin and related troponoids has been shown in cell cultures of Cupressus lusitanica and other species of Cupressaceae. The biosynthetic pathway of the troponoids in plants, bacteria and fungi has been also briefly described.
Micropropagation of PLUCHEA LANCEOLATA (Oliver & Hiern.) Using Nodal Explant
Authors: M. Kher Mafatlal , Joshi Dimpal , Nekkala Sureshkumar , Nataraj M. , P. Raykundaliya Dharmesh
Published: September 2014

Pluchea lanceolata is an important medicinal plant of Asteraceae family known for its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity. A protocol was established for micropropagation of P. lanceolata using nodal explants. Nodal explants were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (1962) - MS medium supple–mented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2iP (2-isopentenyladenine) at various concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg·dm-3). The highest multiplication rate was obtained for nodal explants cultured on MS medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg·dm-3 thidiazuron (TDZ). In vitro raised shoots were successfully rooted on ½ mineral salt concentration of MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm-3 IBA.
Effect of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Citrate, Sucrose and Peroxidase Inhibitors on Vase Life of Lisianthus (EUSTOMA GRANDIFLORUM L.) Cut Flowers
Authors: Sharifzadeh Kamaladin , Asil Moazzam Hassanpour , Roein Zeynab , Sharifzadeh Muhammad
Published: September 2014

Cut lisianthus flowers have a short vase life, possibly due to blockage of xylem vessels. The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, sucrose and peroxidase inhibitors on delaying senescence and extending vase life of cut lisianthus flowers was tested. The peroxidase inhibitors used in this experiment were catechol (CH) (5, 10, 15 mM) and p-phenylenediamine (PD) (5, 10, 15 mM). All vase solutions contained 200 mg-dm-3 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) and 3% sucrose. 10 mM CH treatment was the most effective for vase life extension (13.3 days), increasing water uptake, and delaying fresh weight loss. The vase solution containing 10 mM CH significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased peroxidase (POD) activities. Similarly, 10 mM PD increased anthocyanin content more than the other treat–ments. Protein degradation was significantly delayed by application of 5 mM PD. The malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation was reduced when CH at 5 mM and PD in 5 and 15 mM were added to the vase solution. Results indicated that peroxidase inhibitors in combination with 8-HQC and sucrose increase vase life of lisianthus by improving water uptake and delaying fresh weight loss.
The Impact of the Brassicaceae Plant Materials Added to the Soil on the Population of FUSARIUM SOLANI (Mart.) SACC. and FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM Schlecht
Authors: Smolińska Urszula , Kowalczyk Waldemar
Published: September 2014

Soil with the spores of fungi in dormant stage from previous years infections belonging to the genus Fusarium caused significant loss of onion yield in Poland. The most important form of Fusarium inoculum in the field are chlamydospores, which may survive in soil for many years. There are no available methods to eradicate chlamydospores from soil environment. Inspired by data from the literature and own prelimi–nary observation, we evaluated the effect of application of Brassicaceae plant material to the soil infested with F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates, which are pathogenic to onion. Obtained results showed that addition of fresh plant material from B. juncea and B. alba had no effect on amount of Fusarium propagules in the soil. Moreover amendment of infested soil with dry plants or milled seeds of B. juncea or B. nigra significantly stimulated the population of Fusarium in the soil.
White matter architecture of the language network
Authors: Kljajevic Vanja
Published: September 2014

The relevance of anatomical connectivity for understanding of the neural basis of language was recognized in the 19th century, and yet this topic has only recently become the subject of wider research interest. In this paper, I review recent findings on white matter tracts implicated in language: the arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. The reviewed findings on these tracts were reported in studies that used a variety of methods, from post-mortem dissection and diffusion imaging to intraoperative electrostimulation with awake surgery patients. The emerging picture suggests that there is currently no consensus with regard to the exact number and identity of the tracts supporting language, their origins, trajectories, and terminations, as well as their functional interpretation.
As traduções literárias nas relações culturais romeno-portuguesas
Authors: Manole Veronica , Vasile Iolanda
Published: September 2014

This article outlines the importance of the role played by literary translations in the Romanian - Portuguese cultural relations. We develop our analysis based on two criteria: the historical-political context and the Western literary canon. We further focus on translations from nine writers, completing our research with views from a few of the main translators on both sides.
Total dry matter production of potato, mungbean and t. aman rice as influenced by nutrient management of potato-mungbean-t. aman rice cropping pattern
Authors: Jahan MAHS , Sarkar MAR , Salim M , Islam N , Tiwari TP
Published: September 2014

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08 with the objective to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on total dry matter production (above ground part) of each component crop of potatomungbean- t. aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were, T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16- 91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, for potato; T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36- 40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0-20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI , T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for mungbean and T1=HYG (0-80-16-44-12-2-0), T2=MYG (0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0), T3=IPNS (5000-65-13-32-9-2-0), T4=STB (0- 68-15-37-11-2-0), T5=FP (0-39-37-12-0-0-0), T6=CON(0-0-0-0-0-0- 0),T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI,T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for t. aman rice. HYG treatment without or with crop residues incorporation produced the highest TDM in potato, mungbean and t. aman rice followed by IPNS and STB along with or without CRI. The lowest TDM was recorded in control plot without CRI. The increasing trend of TDM was observed in the crop residues incorporation plots than nonincorporation plots. It was observed that there were significant and positive linear relationship between TDM and yield of potao, mungbean, and t. aman rice at 60 DAP, 60 DAS, and 90 DAT, respectively, in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20416 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 211-225, June 2014
Variability and heritability analysis in F4 genotypes of Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Jahan N , Khan MH , Ghosh S , Bhuiyan SR , Hossain S
Published: September 2014

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to study variability in 10 F4 lines obtained through intervarietal crosses along with 8 released varieties of Brassica rapa. Significant variation was observed among all the genotypes for all the characters studied. Considering genetic parameters high genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) was observed for number of secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant, yield per plant, whereas days to maturity showed very low GCV. High heritability with low genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for days to maturity which indicated that non-additive gene effects were involved for the expression of this character and selection for such trait might not be rewarding. High heritability with moderate genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for plant height and days to 50% flowering indicating that this trait was under additive gene control and selection for genetic improvement for this trait would be effective. Considering, inter genotypic variability, heritability, and genetic advance, % coefficient of variation and other agronomic performance G2, G14, G18, G1, G9, G12, G16, G17 may be considered to be better parents for future uses in hybridization programme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20426 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 227-241, June 2014
Combining ability study in waterlogged tolerant maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Amin MN , Amiruzzaman M , Ahmed A , Ali MR
Published: September 2014

Combining ability was studied for kernel yield and yield components in a 8×8 diallel cross of waterlogged tolerant maize. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. Additive genetic variance was preponderant in plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and kernel weight and non-additive gene action was involved in days to silking, number of kernels per ear and kernel yield. The parental lines E-31 and E-79 were found to be the best general combiners for yield. The good combining parents for different traits could be used in hybridization to improve yield and other desirable traits as donor parents for the accumulation of favourable genes. The cross combinations, E 31× E 40, E 31× E 64, E 31× E 79, E 38× E 40, E 58× E 79, E 63× E 79, E 64 × E 79 showing significant and positive sca effects can be used for commercial hybrid variety development after verifying them at different locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20430 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 283-291, June 2014
Genotype x environment interaction for grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds under salinity stress
Authors: Bisawas A , Sarker U , Banik BR , Rohman MM , Talukder MZA
Published: September 2014

An experiment was conducted on Maize (Zea mays L.) to investigate the genotype × environment interaction for gain yield of maize inbreds under salinity stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate G × E interactions and yield stability in multi-environmental trials across wide ecological stress environments. Prescreened thirteen maize inbred lines collected from CYMMT, India were evaluated for phenotypic traits at different salinity conditions (8dS, 12dS and 16dS) with normal environment. The environmental mean and genotypic mean ranged from 10.3 to 49.7 g and 10.9 to 52.8 g, respectively. The regression coefficient (bi) values of these genotypes ranged from 0.44 to 1.66. Among the genotypes P43, CZ29 and CZ33 produced higher grain yield and highly responsive under different salinity level. On the other hand considering the Pi, bi, S2di and AMMI bi-plot analysis the genotypes E32, P29 and P35 showed almost stable performance across the different salinity conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20431 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 293-301, June 2014
Optimization of fertilizer rate based on farmers practice in potato-hybrid maize relay cropping system
Authors: Islam MN , Akhteruzzaman M , Alom MS
Published: September 2014

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during consecutive seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to optimize fertilizer rate for potato hybrid maize relay cropping system. Seven treatments viz., T1= Farmers? fertilizer dose of potato (FFDP: N504P162K309 kg/ha) + Farmers? fertilizer dose of hybrid maize (FFDM: N0 P0 K0 kg/ha), T2= FFDP + 100% N of recommended fertilizer dose of hybrid maize (RFDM: N255 P55 K140 S40 Zn6 B2 kg/ha), T3= FFDP + 100% N & 25% others of RFDM, T4= FFDP + 100% N & 50% others of RFDM, T5= Recommended fertilizer dose of potato (RFDP: N198 P44 K194 S24 Zn6 B1.2 kg/ha) +100% N of RFDM, T6= RFDP +100% N & 25% others of RFDM, and T7= RFDP +100% N & 50% others of RFDM were tested on potato-hybrid maize relay cropping system. Potato (var. Diamant) and hybrid maize (var. BARI Hybrid Maize-9) were used in this experiment. Results indicated that yield of potato (28.38 - 28.83 t/ha) did not differ significantly but yield of hybrid maize (4.90 - 8.74 t/ha) varied significantly under different treatments. The higher grain yield (8.74 t/ha) of hybrid maize was recorded in farmers? fertilizer dose of potato or recommended fertilizer dose of potato (8.61 t/ha) along with 100% N plus 25% other fertilizers or 100% N plus 50% other fertilizers from recommended dose of hybrid maize. The highest potato equivalent yield (41.94 t/ha) and gross return (Tk. 335520/ha) were obtained from FFDP along with 100% N plus 25% others of RFDM (T3). But the highest gross margin (Tk. 219790/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.01) were found from RFDP along with 100% N plus 25% others of RFDM (T6). The results revealed that recommended fertilizer rate of potato (N198 P44 K194 S24 Zn6 B1.2 kg/ha) along with 100% N plus 25% other fertilizers from recommended fertilizer rate of hybrid maize (N255 P55 K140 S40 Zn6 B2 kg/ha) might be optimum for potato hybrid maize relay cropping system for obtaining higher economic return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20443 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 351-357, June 2014
Response of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) foliage to different rates and methods of nitrogen application
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Rahman MM , Hossain MM , Karim AJM Sirajul , Khaliq QA
Published: September 2014

The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during January 2009 to February 2009 taking two coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) lines, CS001 and CS003 to determine the nitrogen requirement of coriander foliage crop and to select the best method of nitrogen application for maximizing foliage yield. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications having five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and four methods of N application (entire N dose as basal, ½ N as basal, and ½ N at 30 days after sowing as top dressing, ½ N as basal and ½ N at 30 DAS as foliar spray and 2/3 N at 20 DAS, 1/3 N at 30 DAS, and 1/3 N at 40 DAS as foliar spray). The nitrogen dose of 80 kg/ha and ½ N as basal and ½ N at 30 days after sowing as top dressing independently gave the maximum plant height, number of leaves/plant, single plant weight, plant weight/m2, and foliage yield/ha. Nitrogen @ 80 kg/ha applied half as basal and half at 30 DAS as top dress produced maximum foliage yield/ha closely followed by 60 kg and 40 kg N/ha with the same application method. The highest gross margin was recorded from 80 kg N/ha applied half as basal and half at 30 DAS as top dress (Tk. 262.705 thousand/ha) followed by 60 kg N/ha with the same application method (Tk. 259.529 and Tk. 254.342 thousand/ha, respectively) and these two combinations also gave the highest benefit-cost ratio of 6.90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20445 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 359-371, June 2014
Future-Proofed Energy Design Approaches for Achieving Low-Energy Homes: Enhancing the Code for Sustainable Homes
Authors: Georgiadou Maria
Published: September 2014

Under the label “future-proofing”, this paper examines the temporal component of sustainable construction as an unexplored, yet fundamental ingredient in the delivery of low-energy domestic buildings. The overarching aim is to explore the integration of future-proofed design approaches into current mainstream construction practice in the UK, focusing on the example of the Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) tool. Regulation has been the most significant driver for achieving the 2016 zero-carbon target; however, there is a gap between the appeal for future-proofing and the lack of effective implementation by building professionals. Even though the CSH was introduced as the leading tool to drive the “step-change” required for achieving zero-carbon new homes by 2016 and the single national standard to encourage energy performance beyond current statutory minima, it lacks assessment criteria that explicitly promote a futures perspective. Based on an established conceptual model of future-proofing, 14 interviews with building practitioners in the UK were conducted to identify the “feasible” and “reasonably feasible” future-proofed design approaches with the potential to enhance the “Energy and CO2 Emissions” category of the CSH. The findings are categorised under three key aspects; namely: coverage of sustainability issues; adopting lifecycle thinking; and accommodating risks and uncertainties and seek to inform industry practice and policy-making in relation to building energy performance.
Health Consequence Scales for Use in Health Impact Assessments of Climate Change
Authors: Brown Helen , Spickett Jeffery
Published: September 2014

While health impact assessment (HIA) has typically been applied to projects, plans or policies, it has significant potential with regard to strategic considerations of major health issues facing society such as climate change. Given the complexity of climate change, assessing health impacts presents new challenges that may require different approaches compared to traditional applications of HIA. This research focuses on the development of health consequence scales suited to assessing and comparing health effects associated with climate change and applied within a HIA framework. This assists in setting priorities for adaptation plans to minimize the public health impacts of climate change. The scales presented in this paper were initially developed for a HIA of climate change in Perth in 2050, but they can be applied across spatial and temporal scales. The design is based on a health effects pyramid with health measures expressed in orders of magnitude and linked to baseline population and health data. The health consequence measures are combined with a measure of likelihood to determine the level of risk associated with each health potential health impact. In addition, a simple visual framework that can be used to collate, compare and communicate the level of health risks associated with climate change has been developed.
When Neurons Encounter Nanoobjects: Spotlight on Calcium Signalling
Authors: Lovisolo Davide , Gilardino Alessandra , Ruffinatti Federico
Published: September 2014

Nanosized objects are increasingly present in everyday life and in specialized technological applications. In recent years, as a consequence of concern about their potential adverse effects, intense research effort has led to a better understanding of the physicochemical properties that underlie their biocompatibility or potential toxicity, setting the basis for a rational approach to their use in the different fields of application. Among the functional parameters that can be perturbed by interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and living structures, calcium homeostasis is one of the key players and has been actively investigated. One of the most relevant biological targets is represented by the nervous system (NS), since it has been shown that these objects can access the NS through several pathways; moreover, engineered nanoparticles are increasingly developed to be used for imaging and drug delivery in the NS. In neurons, calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through a complex set of mechanisms controlling both calcium increases and recovery to the basal levels, and even minor perturbations can have severe consequences on neuronal viability and function, such as excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, we will focus on the available knowledge about the effects of NPs on the mechanisms controlling calcium signalling and homeostasis in neurons. We have taken into account the data related to environmental NPs, and, in more detail, studies employing engineered NPs, since their more strictly controlled chemical and physical properties allow a better understanding of the relevant parameters that determine the biological responses they elicit. The literature on this specific subject is all quite recent, and we have based the review on the data present in papers dealing strictly with nanoparticles and calcium signals in neuronal cells; while they presently amount to about 20 papers, and no related review is available, the field is rapidly growing and some relevant information is already available. A few general findings can be summarized: most NPs interfere with neuronal calcium homeostasis by interactions at the plasmamembrane, and not following their internalization; influx from the extracellular medium is the main mechanism involved; the effects are dependent in a complex way from concentration, size and surface properties.
A Novel 3,9-(1,2,3-Trioxocine)-Type Steroid of Rauia nodosa (Rutaceae)
Authors: Rocha Michelle , De Souza Jucimar , Barcellos Lucas , Sant'Anna Carlos , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Vieira Ivo
Published: September 2014

A new natural product, a 3,9-(1,2,3-trioxocine)-type steroid, named rauianodoxy (6), was isolated from Rauia nodosa, together with five steroids: sistostenone (1), stigmastenone (2), sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5), one coumarin, O-geranylosthenol (7), and three alkaloids, N-methylflindersine (8), zantobungeanine (9) and veprissine (10). Compounds 5–8 were isolated for the first time in the genus Rauia. These compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral data, mainly one and two-dimensional NMR, and mass spectra, also involving comparison with the literature data. Theoretical studies at the DFT level reveal structural parameters for the 1,2,3-trioxole bridge compatible with known structures containing a similar group.