bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Look Beyond Plasma Membrane Biophysics: Revealing Considerable Variability of the Dipole Potential Between Plasma and Organelle Membranes of Living Cells
Authors: Szabo Mate , Cs. Szabo Bence , Kurtan Kitti , Varga Zoltan , Panyi Gyorgy , Nagy Peter , Zakany Florina , Kovacs Tamas
Published: January 2025

Due to the lack of measurement techniques suitable for examining compartments of intact, living cells, membrane biophysics is almost exclusively investigated in the plasma membrane despite the fact that its alterations in intracellular organelles may also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we employ a novel, easy-to-use, confocal microscopy-based approach utilizing F66, an environment-sensitive fluorophore in combination with fluorescent organelle markers and quantitative image analysis to determine the magnitude of the molecular order-related dipole potential in the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles of various tumor and neural cell lines. Our comparative analysis demonstrates considerable intracellular variations of the dipole potential that may be large enough to modulate protein functions, with an inward decreasing gradient on the route of the secretory/endocytic pathway (plasma membrane >> lysosome > Golgi > endoplasmic reticulum), whereas mitochondrial membranes are characterized by a dipole potential slightly larger than that of lysosomes. Our approach is suitable and sensitive enough to quantify membrane biophysical properties selectively in intracellular compartments and their comparative analysis in intact, living cells, and, therefore, to identify the affected organelles and potential therapeutic targets in diseases associated with alterations in membrane lipid composition and thus biophysics such as tumors, metabolic, neurodegenerative, or lysosomal storage disorders.
Assessment of Cyclin D1 Expression: Prognostic Value and Functional Insights in Endometrial Cancer: In Silico Study
Authors: Szymański Marcin , Jerka Dominika , Bonowicz Klaudia , Antosik Paulina , Gagat Maciej
Published: January 2025

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide, with rising incidence, particularly in economically developed countries where obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent risk factors. EC comprises various histological subtypes with distinct behaviors: Type I tumors are generally estrogen-driven with favorable prognosis, while Type II tumors are hormone-independent, aggressive, and associated with poorer outcomes. Dysregulation of the cell cycle, particularly through cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulators like Cyclin D1 (CCND1), plays a crucial role in EC progression and recurrence. Cyclin D1 overexpression is often observed in the early stages of endometrioid carcinoma and complex hyperplasia, marking potential early carcinogenic events, while lower expression levels are common in high-grade subtypes like serous carcinoma. Although CDK inhibitors targeting Cyclin D1/CDK4/6 complexes have shown therapeutic potential in cancers such as breast and lung, their role in EC remains underexplored. This study integrates immunohistochemical evaluations of Cyclin D1 expression in EC patient samples with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess its prognostic significance across EC subtypes. By correlating molecular, histopathological, and clinical outcomes, we aim to clarify the impact of Cyclin D1 dysregulation on EC progression and recurrence. Our findings may inform more personalized therapeutic approaches, particularly for high-grade and treatment-resistant forms of EC.
Integrins as Key Mediators of Metastasis
Authors: Cáceres-Calle Daniel , Torre-Cea Irene , Marcos-Zazo Laura , Carrera-Aguado Iván , Guerra-Paes Elena , Berlana-Galán Patricia , Muñoz-Félix José M. , Sánchez-Juanes Fernando
Published: January 2025

Metastasis is currently becoming a major clinical concern, due to its potential to cause therapeutic resistance. Its development involves a series of phases that describe the metastatic cascade: preparation of the pre-metastatic niche, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, dissemination, latency and colonization of the new tissue. In the last few years, new therapeutic targets, such as integrins, are arising to face this disease. Integrins are transmembrane proteins found in every cell that have a key role in the metastatic cascade. They intervene in adhesion and intracellular signaling dependent on the extracellular matrix and cytokines found in the microenvironment. In this case, integrins can initiate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, guide the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and increase tumor migration and survival. Integrins also take part in the tumor vascularization process necessary to sustain metastasis. This fact emphasizes the importance of inhibitory therapies capable of interfering with the function of integrins in metastasis.
When Personal Identity Meets Professional Identity: A Qualitative Study of Professional Identity Formation of International Medical Graduate Resident Physicians in the United States
Authors: Elsouri Mohamad Nasser , Cox Victor , Jain Vinayak , Ho Ming-Jung
Published: January 2025

International medical graduates (IMGs) account for 25% of the physician workforce in the United States, yet little is known about their professional identity formation (PIF). This qualitative study explores the process of PIF in IMG residents with special attention to how they integrate their intersectional marginalized personal identities. Method: Using a social constructivist approach, the researchers conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 15 IMG resident physicians in the United States. The authors analyzed the data using a constant comparison approach and identified themes by consensus. Results: Participants described their PIF journey beginning before starting residencies in the US. Their PIF was challenging due to structural barriers associated with their immigrant status. Furthermore, participants reported more difficulties with PIF if they did not look white. When their pre-existing professional and personal identities clashed with the American professional norm, the residents suppressed or compartmentalized these pre-existing identities. However, participants also reported that their diverse personal identities could be assets to the provision of care for diverse patient populations. Conclusions: This study reveals the identity tension experienced by IMGs in their PIF journey and the different strategies they employed to navigate the conflicts with American professional norms. This study suggests reimagining PIF frameworks to cultivate a more diverse physician workforce.
Solving the Zeh Problem About the Density Operator with Higher-Order Statistics
Authors: Deville Alain , Deville Yannick
Published: January 2025

Since a 1932 work from von Neumann, it has been considered that if two statistical mixtures are represented by the same density operator ρ, they should, in fact, be considered as the same mixture. In a 1970 paper, Zeh introduced a thought experiment with neutron spins, and suggested that, in that experiment, the density operator could not tell the whole story. Since then, no consensus has emerged yet, and controversies on the subject still presently develop. In his 1995 book, speaking of the use of the density operator, Peres spoke of a von Neumann postulate. In this paper, keeping the random variable used by von Neumann in his treatment of statistical mixtures, but also considering higher-order moments of this random variable, it is established that the two mixtures imagined by Zeh, with the same ρ, should however be distinguished. We show that the rejection of that postulate, installed on statistical mixtures for historical reasons, does not affect the general use of ρ, e.g., in quantum statistical mechanics, and the von Neumann entropy keeps its own interest and even helps clarifying that confusing consequence of the postulate identified by Peres.
The Use of 3D-Echo in Edge-to-Edge Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Passaniti Giulia , Safi Lucy M. , Granot Yoav Niv , Sarullo Filippo M. , Caldonazo Tulio , Rong Lisa Q. , Fiore Corrado , Di Franco Antonino
Published: January 2025

The tricuspid valve (TV) is a complex anatomical entity. As surgical treatment for isolated tricuspid regurgitation has traditionally been associated with high peri- and post-operative mortality, advances in percutaneous transcatheter techniques of repair and replacement of the TV are emerging as safe and effective alternatives. This review summarizes the current evidence on the use of three-dimensional echocardiography to assist transcatheter-edge-to-edge repair (TEER) in patients with tricuspid regurgitation.
Age-Related Variations in Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Characteristics in Multiple and Familial Melanomas: A Study of 333 Patients
Authors: Carugno Andrea , Paolino Giovanni , Valenti Mario , Brigenti Noemi , Bertù Lorenza , Gianatti Andrea , Sena Paolo , Bruno William , Ghiorzo Paola , Pagni Fabio , Zerbinati Nicola
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Melanoma is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy with a rising incidence. While most cases are sporadic, 5–10% are hereditary, especially in patients with multiple or familial melanomas. The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic features of this class of patients to identify risk factors for better management and surveillance. Methods: Between 2021 and 2024, patients with multiple melanomas or a familial history of melanoma were recruited. Collected data included demographic, clinic-pathologic features, and genetic analyses. Results: Patients >60 years had a higher prevalence of multiple melanomas (>50%, p = 0.0002), while familial melanoma was more common in those <40 years (54.3%). UV exposure increased with age, while sunscreen use decreased (p = 0.0004). Younger patients showed the highest nevi counts (mean: 139.6) and density (p < 0.0001). Dermatologists more frequently detected subsequent melanomas in older patients (>60 years) (p = 0.001). Genetic testing and melanoma subtypes showed no significant age-related differences. Conclusions: melanoma can develop at any age, and early detection through regular screening is crucial. Older patients (>60 years) have a higher prevalence of multiple melanomas, influenced by UV exposure and genetics. Indeed, in our cohort, a history of sun exposure, sunburns, and tanning bed use emerged as key risk factors, particularly among older individuals. Genetic testing showed a 4.3% rate of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, mainly in CDKN2A. Family history and nevus burden are significant risk factors, highlighting the need for targeted surveillance in high-risk populations.
Outcome and Predisposing Factors for Intracranial Hemorrhage in Turkish Children with Hemophilia
Authors: Ay Tuncel Defne , Şaşmaz Hatice İlgen , Antmen Bülent
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Childhood hemophilia, a hereditary bleeding disorder predominantly affecting males, arises due to gene mutations encoding clotting factors VIII or IX. Intracranial hemorrhage represents a significant and life-threatening complication in pediatric patients with hemophilia. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in children with hemophilia, although relatively low, is notably higher compared to the general pediatric population. Methods: In this study, the objective is to examine patients with hemophilia who have experienced intracranial hemorrhage retrospectively. This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis using data from three tertiary care centers in a provincial city in Turkey. Data were obtained from the participants’ hospital records. The presence of inhibitors against FVIII in the participants and the prophylaxis used against them were included in the analysis. Trauma history was queried, with types of traumas examined, including traffic accidents, falls, and a traumatic vaginal delivery. The duration and causes of complaints among the participants were investigated. The causes of complaints were categorized as fever, hematoma, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and hemiparesis. The participants’ Physical Examination Findings were classified as fever, hematoma, and loss of consciousness. The duration of hospital stays was evaluated. The hemorrhage location was classified into five groups: parenchymal, subdural, scalp, subarachnoid, and multiple hemorrhagic foci. The recurrence of bleeding, the need for transfusion, surgical intervention, and mortality were also examined. Results: A significant difference was identified between the participants’ survival rates and age variables, as well as transfusion in <36 months. A total of 9 participants had spontaneous intracranial bleeding, 2 experienced cranial trauma as a result of traffic accidents, and 25 participants were exposed to head trauma due to falls. Of the remaining individuals, one suffered head trauma from a severe impact, and one had cranial trauma following a traumatic vaginal delivery. Fourteen participants required transfusion, and three underwent surgical intervention. Conclusions: According to the results of the statistical analyses, the variables Factor Level, Physical Examination Findings, Transfusion, Recurrent Bleeding, Inhibitor, and Prophylaxis were found to affect survival significantly. No significant relationship was determined between the other analyzed variables and survival. During our study, five of the participants examined died. Accordingly, the mortality rate identified in our study is 13.1%.
Can Artificial Intelligence Help Orthopaedic Surgeons in the Conservative Management of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Consensus Analysis
Authors: Carulli Christian , Rossi Stefano Marco Paolo , Magistrelli Luca , Annibaldi Alessandro , Troncone Enzo
Published: January 2025

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Effective management typically involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. However, establishing a consensus on the optimal treatment strategy is crucial for standardizing care. The present study is the result of a rigorous process that combines artificial intelligence with human expertise to improve the reliability of medical recommendations. Methods: A new software platform (Butterfly Decisions, 2021, Italy) was employed to leverage AI-assisted decision-making, facilitating the digitalization of the entire consensus process. The process started with data collection through an online survey including simulated clinical cases of knee osteoarthritis collected by 30 orthopedic surgeons; artificial intelligence (AI) analyzed the collected clinical data and identified the key concepts and relevant patterns. Subsequently, AI generated detailed statements summarizing key concepts extracted from the data and proposed a reformulation of the statements to be discussed during the discussion session of the advisory board. The advisory board, composed of four qualified, experienced specialists of knee osteoarthritis, evaluated statements, providing their agreement levels, confidence, and supporting evidence. The AI tools calculated the degree of certainty and contradiction for each statement based on these evaluations. The literature was critically evaluated to ensure that there was an evidence-based evaluation of the proposed treatment statements. Finally, revised versions were proposed to address the feedback, evidence was collected to refine the scientific report, and the board members evaluated the AI performance too. Results: The consensus analysis revealed a high level of agreement in the need for a multimodal approach to treating knee osteoarthritis. The feedback highlighted the importance of integrating physical therapy and weight management, non-pharmacological methods, with Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drug for Osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs) and pharmacological treatments, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular knee injections. The board members found that AI was easy to use and understand and each statement was structured clearly and concisely. Conclusions: The expert consensus about knee osteoarthritis conservative management being facilitated with AI met with unanimous agreement. AI-assisted decision-making was shown to have excellent analytical capabilities, but algorithms needs to be trained by orthopaedic experts with the correct inputs. Future additional efforts are still required to evaluate the incorporation of AI in clinical workflows.
Comparison of a Novel Temperature-Controlled Diamond-Tip Catheter and a Power-Controlled Gold-Tip Catheter for the Irrigated Ablation of Cavotricuspid Isthmus-Dependent Atrial Flutter
Authors: Auf der Maur Eric , Kueffer Thomas , Thalmann Gregor , Kozhuharov Nikola A. , Galuszka Oskar , Iqbal Salik ur Rehman , Madaffari Antonio , Servatius Helge , Haeberlin Andreas , Noti Fabian , Tanner Hildegard , Roten Laurent , Reichlin Tobias
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is a recommended treatment option for typical atrial flutter (AFL). While power-controlled ablation has been the current standard, a novel temperature-controlled ablation system has been introduced. We aimed to compare the procedural efficacy and one-year outcome of a temperature-controlled diamond-tip catheter with an established power-controlled gold-tip catheter. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing ablation of CTI-dependent AFL using a power-controlled catheter or the novel temperature-controlled catheter were enrolled. Patients were followed up using a 7-day electrocardiogram after 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was acute efficacy (procedural success, total RF, and procedure time). The secondary endpoint was the recurrence of typical AFL during follow-up. Results: In total, 38 patients undergoing temperature-controlled ablation were enrolled and compared to 283 patients undergoing power-controlled ablation. A bidirectional CTI block was achieved in 100% in the temperature-controlled group and 97.5% in the power-controlled group (p = 0.7). The total RF time (median: 192 sec (IQR 138–311) vs. 643 sec (IQR 386–1079), p < 0.001) and total procedure time (median: 45 min (IQR 34–57) vs. 52 min (IQR 39–70), p = 0.01) were shorter with temperature-controlled ablation. At the one-year follow-up, there was no difference in the recurrence of typical AFL between groups. Conclusions: Utilization of temperature-controlled ablation for typical AFL increased procedural efficiency with shorter RF and procedure times compared to power-controlled ablation. The recurrence rate of typical AFL after one year was low and did not differ amongst groups.
Alignment Method for Marine Propulsion Systems with Single Stern Tube Bearing Based on Fine-Tuning a Pre-Trained Model
Authors: Du Jiahui , Deng Yibin , Xu Dongfang
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the issue of insufficient accuracy and efficiency in existing methods for the alignment of marine propulsion systems with single stern tube bearing, caused by uncertainties in the actual parameters of propulsion systems and the scarcity of data, and a new alignment method based on fine-tuning a pre-trained model is proposed. First, a characterization method for the attitude of the main engine is proposed, taking into account the specific alignment requirements of marine propulsion systems with single stern tube bearing. Next, a pre-trained model is constructed based on large-scale samples from the design propulsion system and the fine-tuning of the pre-trained model is performed using small samples from the actual propulsion system’s alignment process to obtain the target model, which guides the practical alignment. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are validated by applying actual measured data and by applying finite element simulations; in eight alignments, all verification parameter errors are much smaller than the maximum allowable error. The results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of alignment of this type of propulsion system and provides a technical approach to the small-sample modeling problem in the alignment of propulsion systems.
An Evaluation of the Capability of Global Meteorological Datasets to Capture Drought Events in Xinjiang
Authors: Xu Yang , Yang Zijiang , Zhang Liang , Zhang Juncheng
Published: January 2025

With the accelerating pace of global warming, the imperative of selecting robust, long-term drought monitoring tools is becoming increasingly pronounced. In this study, we computed the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at both 3-month and 12-month temporal scales, utilizing observational data from 102 stations across Xinjiang and gridded observations spanning China. Our objective encompassed an assessment of the efficacy of three widely employed global meteorological estimation datasets (GMEs) in the context of drought monitoring across Xinjiang over the period of 1960–2020. Moreover, we conducted an in-depth examination into the origins of discrepancies observed within these GMEs. The findings of our analysis revealed a notable discrepancy in performance among the three GMEs, with CRU and ERA5 exhibiting significantly superior performance compared to NCEP-NCAR. Specifically, CRU (CC = 0.78, RMSE = 0.39 in northern Xinjiang) performed excellently in capturing regional wet–dry fluctuations and effectively monitoring the occurrence of droughts in northern Xinjiang. ERA5 (CC = 0.46, RMSE = 0.67 in southern Xinjiang) demonstrates a stronger capability to reflect the drought dynamics in the southern Xinjiang. Furthermore, the adequacy of these datasets in delineating the spatial distribution and severity of major drought events varied across different years of drought occurrence. While CRU and ERA5 displayed relatively accurate simulations of significant drought events in northern Xinjiang, all three GMEs exhibited substantial uncertainty when characterizing drought occurrences in southern Xinjiang. All three GMEs exhibited significant overestimation of the SPEI before 1990, and notable underestimation of this value thereafter, in Xinjiang. Discrepancies in potential evapotranspiration (PET) predominantly drove the disparities observed in CRU and ERA5, whereas both precipitation and PET influenced the discrepancies in NCEP-NCAR. The primary cause of PET differences stemmed from the reanalysis data’s inability to accurately simulate surface wind speed trends. Moreover, while reanalysis data effectively captured temperature, precipitation, and PET trends, numerical errors remained non-negligible. These findings offer crucial insights for dataset selection in drought research and drought risk management and provide foundational support for the refinement and enhancement of global meteorological estimation datasets.
(Dis-)Continuation of Territoriality: A Framework for Analysis of the Role of Social Practices in (Re-)Production of Space
Authors: Dragutinovic Anica , Kost Susanne
Published: January 2025

The paper explores the correlation between the concepts of territoriality and social practices in the context of urban and rural (re-)production of space. It traces the degree of “habitualisation” of certain actions and the behaviour of stakeholders, identifying those defined as practices, and revealing their role in the (dis-)continuation of territoriality of a region. It takes a German region Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) as a case study. The research methodology is based on the practice theory of Andreas Reckwitz and his “praxeological quadrat of cultural analysis”, which is applied in this study. The research process includes (a) semi-structured interviews with the representatives of several institutions from the region, (b) narrative analysis and thematic content structuring of the interviews and (c) synthesis analysis. The study clarifies relations between the artefacts and discourses mentioned by the interviewees, and their impact on the practices of the institutions and others contributing to the (dis-)continuation of territoriality and identity of the region. The main findings are related to the (1) methodological contribution—operationalisation of the “praxeological quadrat of cultural analysis”, and (2) substantive contribution—revealing the role of social practices on the continuation of territoriality of the region. The article presents cultural patterns in the perception of and orientation towards long-past territorialities by the interviewees and makes clear what significance these historical and historicising spatial references have for the spatial planning of the present.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Endometriosis Treatment with Progestogen: A Metabolic Understanding
Authors: Chiara Francesco , Allegra Sarah , Caudana Maura , Mula Jacopo , Turco Davide , Liuzzi Simona , Puccinelli Maria Paola , Mengozzi Giulio , De Francia Silvia
Published: January 2025

Endometriosis afflicts 10% of women in their reproductive years and nearly half of women with infertility, and its etiology is not yet clear. Pharmacological therapy is generally based on progestins like progestogen. This drug binds to progesterone receptors with many known side effects. Here, we describe the case of a 33-year-old woman surgically treated for endometriosis who continued with drug therapy based on estradiol valerate and dienogest. Approximately 21 months after treatment, she reported ocular symptoms with vision alteration, diplopia, and metamorphopsia related to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). After the discontinuation of combined progestin-based treatment, the CSC fully subsided. Semeiological, clinical, and laboratory approaches were adopted, and urinary steroids were measured. A slight increase in prolactinemia in the absence of macro-prolactinemia was reported. The steroidal profile appeared without abnormalities, although a slight alteration of estrogen balance was noted. Considering the pharmacodynamics of dienogest versus selective progesterone receptor modulators, it can be assumed that patients’ clinical events are related to specific site response to steroids that bind the progesterone receptor. Dienogest may have induced the CSC as a not yet characterized side effect of the drug. Undoubtedly, further specific studies are needed concerning the metabolic and pharmacodynamic aspects that cannot be exhaustively covered here.
Recognizing the Importance of Public Health Mycology
Authors: Bongomin Felix
Published: January 2025

Fungal diseases are an emerging global public health concern, affecting high-, low-, and middle-income countries [...]
DYRK1A Up-Regulation Specifically Impairs a Presynaptic Form of Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: Lepagnol-Bestel Aude-Marie , Haziza Simon , Viard Julia , Salin Paul A. , Duchon Arnaud , Herault Yann , Simonneau Michel
Published: January 2025

Chromosome 21 DYRK1A kinase is associated with a variety of neuronal diseases including Down syndrome. However, the functional impact of this kinase at the synapse level remains unclear. We studied a mouse model that incorporated YAC 152F7 (570 kb), encoding six chromosome 21 genes including DYRK1A. The 152F7 mice displayed learning difficulties but their N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent synaptic long-term potentiation is indistinguishable from non-transgenic animals. We have demonstrated that a presynaptic form of NMDA-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) at the hippocampal mossy fiber was impaired in the 152F7 animals. To obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in such synaptic changes, we analyzed the Dyrk1a interactions with chromatin remodelers. We found that the number of DYRK1A-EP300 and DYRK1A-CREBPP increased in 152F7 mice. Moreover, we observed a transcriptional decrease in genes encoding presynaptic proteins involved in glutamate vesicle exocytosis, namely Rims1, Munc13-1, Syn2 and Rab3A.To refine our findings, we used a mouse BAC 189N3 (152 kb) line that only triplicates the gene Dyrk1a. Again, we found that this NMDA-independent form of LTP is impaired in this mouse line. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Dyrk1a up-regulation is sufficient to specifically inhibit the NMDA-independent form of LTP and suggest that this inhibition is linked to chromatin changes that deregulate genes encoding proteins involved in glutamate synaptic release.
Core–Shell Composite GaP Nanoparticles with Efficient Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Chen Duo , Bi Ruiyuan , Xun Lifeng , Li Xiaoyan , Hai Qingyu , Qi Yao , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2025

Gallium-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), including AlGaInP and GaN, have become the most widely used light-emitting devices in modern scientific research and practical applications. However, structures like carrier injection layers, active layers, and quantum well layers ensure the high luminescence efficiency of LEDs but also limit their applications at the micro- and nanoscale. Although the next generation of micrometer-scale light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) has alleviated these issues to some extent, challenges such as edge effects and etching damage caused by size reduction lead to lower luminous efficiency and shorter lifetimes. Inspired by LED structure, this study designed and synthesized core–shell composite GaP:Zn/GaP/GaInP and GaP:Te/GaP nanoparticles using a thermal injection method. After high-temperature annealing, these composite materials demonstrated efficient electroluminescent performance under electric field excitation through band-edge transitions and the ZnGa-OP recombination mechanism. Experimental results show that the GaP:Zn/GaP/GaInP-GaP:Te/GaP composite samples with doping concentrations of 15%Zn-8%Te, a core–shell precursor ratio of 1:1:1, and reaction times of 1 h:20 min:20 min exhibit the best electron–hole injection efficiency and bound-recombination efficiency. Under excitation by an external electric field, they demonstrated optimal electroluminescence performance, with a relative luminous intensity of 11,109.21 at 600 nm, approximately 15 times higher than that of the initial condition samples. In addition, this study systematically investigated the structure, morphology, and elemental composition of the composite materials using various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These GaP-doped nanoparticles with a core–shell composite structure, inspired by LED design, exhibited outstanding electroluminescent performance, providing new insights into the development of novel micro- and nanoscale electroluminescent materials.
Green Recycled Aggregate in Concrete: Feasibility Study
Authors: Bardan Magdalena , Czarnecki Lech
Published: January 2025

With increasing concrete production, CO2 emissions rise, and natural resources deplete, creating a need for new material solutions. This article analyzes the feasibility of using green materials, like recycled aggregate (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) to be incorporated into concrete (RAC). The objective of this paper is to determine that the use of RA ensures receiving sustainable concrete in comparison with NA and LA. The sustainability assessment was conducted based on an analysis of the life cycle in terms of the environmental, economic, and public perception aspects. Additionally, the analysis was extended to include two newly introduced indicators: quality of aggregates and concrete performance. A proprietary scoring method based on ideal aggregate characteristics was used, which was enhanced by innovative multidimensional analysis, with credits assigned based on a literature review conducted using artificial intelligence (AI) statistical tools to partially assist in the selection of items. The results could even show that RA outperformed natural aggregates (NA) and artificial (light) aggregates (LA) in the environmental (over 80% of the results) results as well as the economic (over 65%) and public perception categories (over 80%). However, RA ranked second behind NA in terms of quality aggregates and concrete performance, with LA scoring lowest. The results highlight RAC as a satisfactory sustainable option compared with NAC, supporting the circular economy by reducing waste, emissions, and resource consumption. The best solution would be hybrid concrete containing a partial substitute for natural aggregates in the form of recycled aggregates, enabling the advantages of both types of aggregates to complement each other and offset their limitations.
ι-Carrageenan Manganese Oxide Bionanocomposites as a Promising Solution to Agricultural Challenges
Authors: Khutsishvili Spartak S. , Gagelidze Nino , Tsokolakyan Astghik S. , Yeranosyan Mkrtich A. , Tkesheliadze Eteri , Sargsyan Vardan A. , Dughashvili Darejan , Dzebisashvili Natela , Aronia Keso , Benashvili Archil , Dzanashvili Dali , Gurgenidze Irine , Tatishvili Grigor , Fraga-García Paula
Published: January 2025

Agriculture faces numerous challenges: infectious diseases through phytopathogens and soil nutrient deficiencies hinder plant growth, reducing crop yields. Biopolymer nanocomposites offer promising solutions to these challenges. In this work, we synthesize and characterize novel bionanocomposites (ι-CG-Mn) of manganese (hydr)oxide nanoparticles (approx. 3 to 11 nm) embedded in the matrix of the natural polysaccharide ι-carrageenan (ι-CG). Using spectroscopic methods we verify the presence of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix while leaving the polysaccharide structural characteristics unaffected. Elemental analysis determines the mass content of metal ions in the ι-CG-Mn to be approx. 1 wt%. Electron microscopy techniques show the supramolecular organization of the ι-CG-Mn and the homogeneous nanoparticle distribution in the polymer matrix, while thermal analysis reveals that the bionanocomposite maintains high thermal stability. Moreover, the co-incubation of the phytopathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus with ι-CG-Mn inhibits the pathogen growth by 67% compared to the control. Our bionanocomposites demonstrate (1) strong bactericidal activity and (2) potential as microfertilizers that stimulate agricultural plant growth through the dosage of metal ions. These properties arise from the bioactivity of the widely available, naturally sulfated polysaccharide biopolymer matrix, combined with the antimicrobial effects of manganese (hydr)oxide nanoparticles, which together enhance the efficacy of the biocomposite. The non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable nature of this biopolymer satisfies the high environmental demands for future biotechnological and agricultural technologies.
Sex-Specific Differences in Sepsis Development in Polytrauma Patients Undergoing Stand-Alone Definitive Surgery
Authors: Vetter Philipp , Niggli Cédric , Hambrecht Jan , Pape Hans-Christoph , Mica Ladislav
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: In the triaging of polytrauma, patients with less severe injuries and lower somatic stress often undergo isolated definitive orthopedic surgery without damage-control procedures. Adverse events, particularly sepsis, should be minimized. We aimed to identify sex-specific predictors for sepsis in polytrauma patients undergoing stand-alone definitive surgery. Materials and Methods: Our institutional trauma database, containing data from 3653 patients between 1996 and 2022, was filtered for polytrauma patients who underwent definitive surgery, were aged ≥16 years, and had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16. Injury and physiological parameters were documented upon admission, as well as on the first and second days thereafter. Surgical data were also recorded. All factors were evaluated for their association with sepsis development. Results: Among the 276 patients (71.1% male; mean age 45.0 years, 95% confidence interval 42.7–47.2 years; median ISS of 27, interquartile range, 20–34), the rate of sepsis was 13.8% (n = 38), with a higher incidence in males (16.7%; n = 33) than in females (6.8%; n = 5) (p = 0.026). Head and thorax injuries were more common and severe in septic males, with thorax injuries being predictive. Male patients who developed sepsis also had a higher ISS, an increased heart rate (HR), and lower pH at admission, with ISS and HR being predictive of sepsis. On the first day post-admission, septic males showed higher Base Excess and lower Prothrombin Time. Lactate levels were elevated on both the first and second days post-admission. Surgical predictors for males included less primary extremity surgeries and later secondary spine surgeries. Conclusions: Sepsis is more common in males undergoing stand-alone definitive surgery. Several factors, particularly acidosis and coagulopathy, are associated with this phenomenon. Fewer primary extremity surgeries and delayed secondary spine surgeries were also linked to a higher sepsis risk in males. These findings may help identify patients eligible for stand-alone definitive surgery and underscore the need for more data on female polytrauma patients.
The Effect of Irradiation Dose and Temperature on Irradiation Hardening and Microstructure Study of Hot-Forged V-4Cr-4Ti Under Self-Ion Irradiation
Authors: Wei Yaxia , Zhao Yinshu , Xu Min , Zheng Pengfei , Guo Liping , Luo Hongtai , Zhang Pengbo , Zhang Guihang , Zhao Hua
Published: January 2025

After being self-ion implanted at 400 °C and 550 °C, the microstructure and irradiation hardness of kilogram-scale V-4Cr-4Ti alloys were studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nano-indentation test technology. Irradiation was performed using self-ions (V2+) at 2.5 MeV with design influences of 1.15 × 1015 ions cm−2, 4.59 × 1015 ions cm−2, and 9.17 × 1015 ions cm−2, so that the peak damages of V-4Cr-4Ti alloys are 1, 4, and 8 dpa, respectively. Compared with the 400 °C samples, the 550 °C samples exhibited a higher-density number of dislocation loops and increased hardness and reached saturation at lower irradiation doses. The irradiation temperature was mainly responsible for these differences, and the potential mechanism for its effect on the irradiation behavior was discussed.
Age-Related Changes in Caudate Glucose Metabolism: Insights from Normative Modeling Study in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Li Yuchen , Xia Qi , Yu Qing , Wei Luqing , Wu Guo-Rong
Published: January 2025

Background: As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia, continues to rise. Understanding the impact of aging on striatal glucose metabolism is pivotal in identifying potential biomarkers for the early detection of these disorders. Methods: We investigated age-related changes in striatal glucose metabolism using both region of interest (ROI)-based and voxel-wise correlation analyses. Additionally, we employed a normative modeling approach to establish age-related metabolic trajectories and assess individual deviations from these normative patterns. In vivo cerebral glucose metabolism was quantified using a molecular neuroimaging technique, 18F-FDG PET. Results: Our results revealed significant negative correlations between age and glucose metabolism in the bilateral caudate. Furthermore, the normative modeling demonstrated a clear, progressive decline in caudate metabolism with advancing age, and the most pronounced reductions were observed in older individuals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that metabolic reductions in the caudate may serve as a sensitive biomarker for normal aging and offer valuable insights into the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, by establishing age-specific reference values for caudate glucose metabolism, the normative model provides a framework for detecting deviations from expected metabolic patterns, which may facilitate the early identification of metabolic alterations that could precede clinical symptoms of neurodegenerative processes.
Design Parameters Affecting the Performance of Vortex-Induced Vibration Harvesters
Authors: Pasetto Alberto , Tonan Michele , Moro Federico , Doria Alberto
Published: January 2025

Vortex-induced vibration harvesters are usually equipped with small piezoelectric patches mounted near the cantilever clamp, where the largest longitudinal stress occurs. This paper, aiming to improve energy harvesting performance, investigates the possibilities of extending the patch length and modifying the length and mass of a bluff body mounted on a harvester to induce vortex shedding. A novel analytical model based on dimensionless numbers is presented to determine the output voltage generated by a cantilever harvester subjected to periodic vortex shedding. This model highlights the design parameters having the largest influence on harvester performance and provides guidance to the planning of experimental tests and the interpretation of experimental results. Some prototype harvesters with different designs are built. First, experimental tests are carried out to identify the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the prototypes; then, the prototypes are tested in a wind tunnel to assess energy harvesting performance. The best performance is achieved when the patch length is about 20% of the cantilever length, the bluff body is long, and its mass reaches the minimum value. This result agrees with the prediction of the model.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: Comparison of Methods
Authors: Cardoso Alexander Machado , Flores Vinicius Ribeiro , do Rosario Gabriel Gomes , Succar Juliana Barbosa , Berbert Lidiane Coelho , Oliveira Maria Clara de Freitas , Canellas Anna Luiza Bauer , Laport Marinella Silva , Souza Cláudia Rezende Vieira Mendonça , Chagas Thiago Pavoni Gomes , Dias Rubens Clayton da Silva , Fortes Fabio da Silva de Azevedo , Pellegrino Flávia Lúcia Piffano Costa
Published: January 2025

Due to bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a major challenge for clinicians. The present work aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 53 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates, assessed using the disk diffusion method and two automated systems (PHOENIX BD™ and VITEK2), with interpretations based on CLSI and BrCAST guidelines. Twenty-five antibiotics were tested to assess differences in susceptibility profiles. Statistical tools, including Kappa coefficient analysis and chi-square tests, were applied to assess concordance and significance between methods. Among the main discrepancies found, BrCAST has classified a greater number of UPEC isolates as resistant to more than half of the antibiotics tested by the disk diffusion method, when compared to CLSI. Although faster, the PHOENIX BD and VITEK2 automated systems exhibited significant discrepancies, with divergences observed for half of the antimicrobials tested. Both automated methods showed discrepancies compared to the disk diffusion method under CLSI and BrCAST guidelines. PHOENIX BD classified some isolates resistant by DD/CLSI as susceptible, while VITEK2 misclassified 25% to 50% of the antimicrobials tested. Conversely, VITEK2 also classified some isolates susceptible to DD/CLSI as resistant to 25% of the antimicrobials tested. Regarding DD/BrCAST, PHOENIX BD classified resistant isolates as susceptible (to 50% of the antimicrobials tested). In comparison, VITEK2 classified resistant isolates as susceptible and susceptible isolates as resistant (25% of the antimicrobials for both). These findings highlight the need for careful selection of susceptibility testing methods, as variations in interpretive criteria between CLSI and BrCAST could impact clinical decision-making. This study underscores the importance of methodological consistency in accurately informing antibiotic therapy in UTI management, especially in the face of rising resistance.
Effect of Fiber Types and Dosages on the Properties of Modified Aluminum Dross–Coal Gangue-Based Foam Filling Materials
Authors: Yin Keyuan , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Jiang Yulong , Zhang Shiyu
Published: January 2025

Fiber reinforcement offers a promising solution to improve the mechanical performance and durability of cement-based foam backfill (CFB), addressing critical issues such as brittleness and poor crack resistance under high-stress conditions. This study investigates the effects of polypropylene and polyacrylonitrile fibers, at varying contents and lengths, on the mechanical and flow properties of CFB. A series of experiments, including slump tests, rheology analysis, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests, pore structure analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were conducted to comprehensively evaluate fiber reinforcement mechanisms. The results show that increasing fiber content and length reduced fluidity due to fiber entanglement, while significantly enhancing mechanical properties through anchoring effects and network formation. After 28 days of curing, UCS increased by 208.2% with 2 wt% polypropylene fibers and 215.3% with 1 wt% polyacrylonitrile fibers (both at 6 mm length). Fiber-reinforced CFB demonstrated improved structural integrity and crack resistance, with failure modes transitioning from brittle to ductile. These findings highlight the potential of fiber-reinforced CFB to deliver durable, crack-resistant, and efficient mine backfill solutions, contributing to enhanced safety and sustainability in underground mining operations.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vanillic Acid in Human Plasma, Human Neutrophils, and Non-Cellular Models In Vitro
Authors: Magiera Anna , Kołodziejczyk-Czepas Joanna , Olszewska Monika Anna
Published: January 2025

Vanillic acid (VA) is a dietary benzoic acid derivative, flavoring agent, and food stabilizer. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of VA was explored in vitro and ex vivo in human immune cells and non-cellular models. In neutrophils, VA significantly downregulated the fMLP-induced oxidative burst and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); it also suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8) and the tissue-remodeling enzyme elastase-2 (ELA-2) in cells stimulated with LPS and fMLP+cytochalasin B. Additionally, VA showed good biocompatibility with human neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across the tested concentrations of 1–50 µg/mL. Furthermore, VA at 1–5 μg/mL enhanced the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of human plasma (NEAC) and prevented oxidative and nitrative damage to plasma proteins by protecting tyrosine moieties and thiols from peroxynitrite. VA also inhibited lipid peroxidation and the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (at 50 μg/mL) and protein-bound carbonyls (at 5–50 μg/mL) in peroxynitrite-treated plasma. In non-cellular tests, VA acted as a hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide scavenger and inhibited non-enzymatic protein glycation, outperforming the references Trolox and aminoguanidine. Along with existing data from animal models and studies on polyphenol intake, these results might support the synergic role of VA in dietary protection against chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation.