bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penilaian Agitasi Pada Pasien dengan Ventilasi Mekanis dan Tearpi Sedatif : A Case Report
Authors: Audly Tazkia Badliana , Emaliyawati Etika , Anna Anastasia
Published: September 2024

Penilaian agitasi merupakan salah satu penilaian yang dilakukan untuk menilai status agitasi dan sedatif pada pasien perawatan khusus. Penggunaan ventilasi mekanis menyebabkan terjadinya agitasi pada pasien yang mempengaruhi manajamen sedatif pada pasien. Instrumen agitasi dapat menjadi acuan secara objektif, namun pengaplikasiannya masih jarang digunakan pada pasien perawatan khusus. Casse report ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan risiko yang didapat pada Ny. L di ruang perawatan khusus tanpa penilaian agitasi secara objektif.  Ny. L berusia 52 tahun yang di rawat di ruang Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Kota Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pasien mengalami gagal nafas dan terpasang ventilator dengan terapi sedatif dexmedetomidine. Pasien terpasang restrain pada kedua tangannya dan tampak gelisah. Penilaian agitasi secara objektif dan berkala tidak dilakukan oleh perawat. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kegagalan dalam proses penyapihan pada Ny. L dengan ditandai adanya penurunan kondisi pasien hingga terjadi perubahan ventilator pada pasien yang memperpanjang Length Of Stay pasien di ruang intensive. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan risiko perburukan dapat terjadi pada pasien intensive Ketika pemantauan agitasi tidak akurat dan tidak valid diantaranya  meningkatkan ketergantungan terapi sedatif dan ventilasi, Length Of Stay pasien lebih panjang, hingga proses penyapihan ventilator jangka panjang lebih dari 7 hari.
Bale Mediation as an Alternative Institution For Resolution of Communal Intellectual Property Rights Disputes Among Indigenous Communities in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Atsar Abdul , Fathoni Lalu Achmad
Published: September 2024

The settlement of communal intellectual property rights disputes is not only through litigation, but is also possible through mediation. The purpose of this study is to determine the position of the mediation hall as an alternative institution in resolving communal intellectual property disputes and in the judicial system in Indonesia and how the legal force of the Bale Mediation decision is in resolving Communal Intellectual Property disputes. This research method uses normative legal research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. Based on the results of the study, Bale Mediation is an institution that carries out the functions of mediation, coaching and coordination in the implementation of mediation in the community in accordance with local wisdom in the context of legal reform in the field of resolving Communal Intellectual Property Rights disputes. Bale Mediation is not part of the state judiciary but rather an institution that resolves disputes outside the courts. Legal settlement of Communal Property disputes through Bale Mediation is a non-structural institution and is responsible to the Governor. The decision or result of the dispute resolution at the Mediation Center in the form of an agreement that does not yet have permanent legal force but is only an ordinary contract for the parties, only obtains the status of a peace deed after the parties, with or without the assistance of a mediator, file a peace lawsuit through the Commercial Court/District Court.
A broad analysis of vegetative rescue and propagation of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho
Authors: Schatz Sá Alexandra Cristina , Nascimento Bruno , Jan Schramm Corrêa Bruno , Neto dos Santos Guilherme , Navroski Marcio Carlos , De Oliveira Luciana Magda , Mantovani Adelar , De Oliveira Pereira Mariane
Published: September 2024

Background: The primary method for propagating forest species is through seeds, which is cost-effective and ensures genetic adaptability to environmental changes. However, germination issues and genetic variability can hinder standardisation of productivity. In the case of Moquiniastrum polymorphum, a species known for its remarkable wood quality and pharmacological potential, seedling production and genetic improvement efforts have been limited. This study focused on the rescue and vegetative propagation of M. polymorphum, which are crucial steps for species selection and genetic enhancement.
Methods: Protocols were tested to rescue and propagate propagules from different individuals collected in Lages, Santa Catarina (2020/2022). The vegetative rescue tests were: (I) epicormic sprouting induction through girdling techniques and detached branches; and (II) influence of individuals, disposition sense and time on the epicormic sprouting of detached branches. Vegetative propagation analyses included: (I) cutting according to individuals; and (II) relation between rooting environments and individuals on cutting.
Results: The results indicated that the girdling techniques were not efficient for vegetative rescue, as only 8% of individuals produced epicormic sprouts. In contrast, detached branches showed a much higher success rate of 80% for epicormic sprouting, revealing significant differences in sprout development among individuals over time. Vertically oriented branches produced nearly three times more sprouts compared to horizontally oriented branches. Regarding vegetative propagation, certain individuals exhibited remarkable rooting rates of over 75%. However, no conclusive results were obtained when using epicormic materials or when considering different rooting environments.
Conclusions: Given the significance of rescue and vegetative propagation in plant genetic improvement and the limited research addressing these aspects in M. polymorphum, this study holds substantial importance for future investigations. It is recommended to expand rescue and vegetative propagation studies to encompass additional populations, different individuals, and rooting environments, further advancing our understanding and efforts to enhance this species.
Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in the Business and Operational Processes of PT BPR BKK Karangmalang (Perseroda) Sragen
Authors: Nareswari Khairunissa , Nahda Katiya
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine how good corporate governance impacts business and operational activities at PT BPR BKK Karangmalang (Perseroda) Sragen, especially in overcoming irregularities and promoting GCG, alignment of operational activities with GCG principles, GCG contribution in preventing fraud, and GCG effectiveness in improving financial performance. The qualitative research method involves observations and interviews with structural officials related to the topic. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of GCG can bring the company in a better direction from various sides. Effective and efficient GCG implementation can benefit the company, stakeholders, and society positively.
A Model of Creativity for Regional Culinary MSMEs: Developing Innovative Strategies
Authors: Yulianty Puspa Dewi , Aziz Muhammad Taufik
Published: September 2024

In tight business competition and disruptive environmental conditions, the performance of Culinary MSMEs is the main support for economic growth. This research analyzes the influence of emotional intelligence and cognitive abilities on the creativity and business performance of Culinary MSMEs. This    is quantitative research using the structural equation modeling method with Smart-PLS software. The data in this research is primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to respondents consisting of 190 Muhammadiyah Culinary MSEs in the Cirebon. The results of the analysis show that intelligence and creativity of employees influence the business performance of Culinary MSMEs, while cognitive ability does not influence the performance of Culinary MSMEs. Furthermore, this research finds that emotional intelligence and cognitive ability influence the creativity of Culinary MSMEs.
The Role of A'bulosibatang Local Culture and its Relationship with Taxpayer Compliance in Gowa Regency
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Mira Mira , Akila Nur
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted aims to determine the effect of a'bulosibatang on taxpayer compliance. Qualitative research type, which is a way used to answer research problems related to data in the form of narratives This research is a descriptive qualitative research using interviews as a research instrument. The informants are the people of Gowa who have become active taxpayers and are registered at the KP2KP Gowa Testing is done by triangulation (data coding, data reduction and conclusion drawing). The results showed that efforts to efforts to increase public trust in accountability and transparency government must continue to be encouraged. WPOP compliance in gowa Regency especially in limbung shows compliance in paying taxes, where cultural values such as cultural values such as Mutual Assistance, cooperation play a key role in the implementation of tax obligations. implementation of tax obligations. As for the implications of this research, it is in terms of formulating policies and regulations relating to existing taxation and increasing public confidence in the government's financial regulations especially for the tax funds collected.  so that tax awareness and tax compliance becomes a joint responsibility as long as the government also contributes in terms of accountable and prosperous policies and management.
Positive Perspective: The Role of Narsism and Job Stressors on Work Productivity at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar
Authors: Marhumi Sitti , Nurinaya Nurinaya , Amalia Putri
Published: September 2024

Many have carried out comprehensive testing. High work demands, but not accompanied by a conducive work environment can affect a person's productivity. This research is very important considering that work productivity is a demand, especially for study programs as a driver for the development and progress of a study program. Study programs have very extreme working hours which often cause some individuals to become stressed. This research emphasizes narsism in negative perceptions, uses secondary data and tries to construct other dimensions of narsism through positive perceptions which can stimulate work productivity both individually and in the surrounding environment. The objectives of this research are focused on 1) obtaining empirical evidence of the influence of narsism and job stressors on work productivity, 2) To check the tendency for narcissistic behavior to have a negative or positive value on work productivity. The research was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The research results show that Narsism has no effect on work productivity, while Job Stressors have a positive and significant effect on work productivity at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
Implementing Value Co-Creation by Developing Service Dominant Logic Through Telkom Marketing Content Innovation Program
Authors: Ujiati Nurul Nugraheni Ratna , Marsasi Endy Gunanto
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the digital innovation and marketing strategies employed by PT Telkom Indonesia in order to gain a competitive advantage within the telecommunications industry. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through interviews, observation, and content analysis. The research demonstrates that PT Telkom Indonesia has effectively developed a digital marketing program that enhances customer productivity and innovation. However, there are still some areas that require improvement, such as social media content planning. The implementation of Value Co-Creation (VCC) and Service Dominant Logic (SDL) strategies has been shown to be effective in increasing customer loyalty and strengthening the company's position in a competitive market. This research offers a significant contribution to the understanding of effective marketing strategies in the telecommunications industry. Based on the results of this study, practical recommendations for the optimization of PT Telkom Indonesia's digital marketing can be considered.
Analysis of the Effect of Security, Effectiveness, and Ease of BTN Mobile Services on the Mobile Banking Marketing Strategy of PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Yogyakarta Branch
Authors: Salsabila Khoirunnisa , Albari Albari
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of service security factors, service effectiveness, and service security in marketing strategies for PT Bank Tabungan Negara or Bank BTN KC Yogyakarta customers. This study uses a quantitative approach using the Accidental Sampling technique, which produces 100 samples. The data analysis technique is processed using IBM SPSS 26 software. The results of the study indicate that service security and service effectiveness at BTN Mobile have a significant positive effect on mobile banking marketing strategies, while ease of service does not have an influence on the mobile banking marketing strategy. This research is useful to help banks understand what factors influence marketing strategies in using mobile banking services to improve their mobile banking services so that they better meet customer needs and desires such as security, effectiveness, and ease of mobile banking services.
T lymphocytes in Aging: CD38 as a Novel Contributor between Inflammaging and Immunosenescence
Authors: Santiago-Cruz Wendolaine , García-García Fabio
Published: September 2024

CD38 is a transmembrane protein expressed in immune and non-immune cells involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) consumption, cyclic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose (cADPR) generation, and calcium mobilization by its enzymatic activity. It also promotes an activated and pro-inflammatory phenotype in immune cells. Senescence is a cellular state of cell growth arrest accompanied by senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) products. In aging, there is an accumulation of senescent cells and higher concentrations of proinflammatory molecules, showing the relationship between aging, senescence, and inflammaging, which potentially contributes to immunosenescence and exhaustion in aging. Given that aging involves the overexpression of CD38, which leads to metabolic alterations due to NAD+ depletion and promotes the over-representation and activation of proinflammatory immune phenotypes, studies are focusing on elucidating the potential contributions of CD38 activity. Some studies suggest that CD38's increased expression in aging is supported by SASP, which creates a vicious circle between senescence and low-grade inflammation in aging. Here, we recapitulate the evidence showing the role of CD38 in innate and non-immune cells in aging and inflammaging. We also highlight the importance of CD38 in T cell function, emphasizing the potential contribution of this protein to the effects of inflammaging on T cell composition and exhaustion. Additionally, we propose new approaches to evaluate effector, memory, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in aging in a CD38-dependent manner.
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy: Evolution, Pearls, and Pitfalls of Treatment
Authors: Davis Laura E. , Calaway Adam , Singer Eric A. , Dason Shawn
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both genders with over 81,000 estimated cases in 2024. Despite increasing incidence of renal cell carcinomas <4 cm, up to 1/3 of patients diagnosed with RCC exhibit metastatic disease (mRCC) at time of diagnosis. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), a procedure which encompasses the surgical removal of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic disease, was offered upfront as standard of care during the cytokine era; however, as systemic treatment has evolved, the role of CN in mRCC patients has become less clear.

Purpose of Review: We sought to review the evolution of CN in mRCC patients from historical treatments through current standard of care considering ongoing clinical trials and perioperative considerations for CN in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Conclusion: CN following immunotherapy is safe and beneficial in appropriately selected patients. The choice to perform CN in patients with mRCC amidst an ever-changing treatment landscape is nuanced. Clinical trial enrollment is critical to refine selection criteria and timing of CN. As treatment options continue to progress, shared decision-making and multidisciplinary collaboration remain paramount in selecting the optimal treatment course for each patient.
Chemokines and Their Receptors in Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yang Jiezuan , Cao Dan , Tang Ruiqi , Li Xuefen
Published: September 2024

Chemokines, a group of small cytokines, play a central role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis by regulating the migration, proliferation, and activation of lymphocytes. These chemotactic factors of immune cells are directly involved in various cellular biological activities, including cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and diffusion. The aberrant expression of lymphocyte chemokines and their receptors is closely related to the biological behavior of host immune cells as well as the specific and non-specific immune responses to viral infections and may influence the prognosis of viral diseases. The intricate interplay between chemokines, their receptors and lymphocyte migration in the context of liver immunity needs further investigation. In this article, we provide an overview of the role and associated mechanisms of chemokines and their receptors in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and pathogenesis and highlight their potential therapeutic implications.
Validating the Use of Rational Modification of Compounds to Reduce P-gp Efflux
Authors: Conrad Jay , Vaz Roy J
Published: September 2024

In both the Central nervous system (CNS) as well as Oncology small molecule drug discovery programs, efflux due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) could be a deterrent during the discovery phase to obtain in vitro or in vivo pharmacological readouts. Several different strategies have been utilized in the past in order to overcome efflux by P-gp, many of which have been described in a recent article [5] from our labs. We describe the use of Induced-fit docking (IFD) of matched pairs (pairs of molecules modified by a single group) in order to demonstrate that a change in the IFD score, destabilizing the complex, will afford a molecule with less P-gp efflux potential. In a particular discovery program, several iterations might need to be implemented after examining the IFD lowest scored pose to obtain a molecule in that chemical series without P-gp efflux. Examples of such an effort are currently underway and will be published shortly. This summary describes therefore what we consider, a validation of a unifying approach to obtaining molecules with low to no p-gp efflux potential.
Identidade Profissional e Narrativas: a(s) voz(es) da(s) professora(s) da Educação Infantil
Authors: Silva Carla Mariana Rocha Brittes da , Buehring Roberta Schnorr
Published: September 2024

A partir da escrita deste artigo, objetivamos apresentar como foi a participação das professoras da Educação Infantil no IX Seminário Nacional de Histórias e Investigações em aulas de Matemática (IX SHIAM) e como o referido Seminário trouxe subsídios para o desenvolvimento/construção da Identidade Profissional (IP) delas por meio da escrita narrativa. Para tal, trazemos as vozes das professoras da Educação Infantil por meio de suas narrativas referentes à participação nesse evento. Percebemos que o envolvimento foi significativo tanto para serem escutadas como professoras que desenvolvem habilidades matemáticas com as crianças como para conhecerem outras realidades. Todo esse processo, principalmente a forma reflexiva como construíram as narrativas, contribuiu para a construção/desenvolvimento da IP. Assim, percebemos a necessidade de repensar a forma de pesquisar, tendo uma postura insubordinada criativamente ao dar voz às professoras da Educação Infantil, reconhecendo seus saberes da prática como conhecimentos científicos e constituintes da IP.
A digital patient-centered outcome tool for cervical dystonia
Authors: Pirio Richardson Sarah , Berman Brian D. , Hieshetter Janet , Comella Cynthia , Peterson David A. , Kilic-Berkmen Gamze , Wright Laura , Pentecost Samantha , Reyes Paul , Jankovic Joseph , Adler Charles H. , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Kimberley Teresa J. , Benson Monika , Perlmutter Joel S. , Qeadan Fares , Jinnah H. A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

To establish clinical trial readiness for dystonia, a crucial step is to develop a Patient-Centered Outcome (PCO) measure to capture therapeutic response in focal dystonia such as in cervical dystonia (CD). Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the gold standard treatment for focal dystonia and yields improvement; yet the therapy may not meet all patient expectations as there is a high rate of discontinuation. A PCO that can measure therapeutic response, including the waxing and waning benefit of BoNT, across multiple domains and is easy to use on a frequent basis in the home environment is critical.

Methods

A modified iterative Delphi process based on FDA (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines was used to develop and select items to document patient symptoms and response to treatment. Potential items then were improved using patient focus groups, validated for content with specialist panels, and confirmed items based on a patient survey. Using data from 200 CD patients in the Dystonia Coalition Natural History Database, initial PCO items were identified. Utilizing Random Forests, prospective items were analyzed for their contribution to the overall severity scores on the clinical and patient-centered outcome scales. Items that were repetitive were merged. Iterative meetings with a specialist panel consisting of neurologists, physical therapists, and Patient Advocacy Group (PAG) representatives as well as virtual focus groups of CD patients were held. An online survey was conducted with over 600 CD patients participating. Finally, specialist panel members provided input for a content validity ratio (CVR) with iterations until there was good agreement as to the relevance and clarity of the items.

Results

PCO measures tailored for CD were successfully developed. The PCO consists of 16 items covering three domains (motor, disability, and psychosocial) and reflects the input of international specialist panels, more than 800 CD patients, and PAGs (patient advocacy groups) following FDA guidance. The PCO is simple enough to be used in an app-based format compatible with smartphones and tablets.

Conclusion

This comprehensive CD PCO measure was developed through the combination of using robust existing patient centered data (from previous Dystonia Coalition Projects); active engagement with PAGs to provide the patient voice; and use of virtual focus groups and online surveys. This PCO will be used in a prospective study to characterize the therapeutic response to BoNT over time. This will provide peak effect size as well as capturing the “yo-yo” effect during BoNT treatment; and will prepare for a future trials.
Rebuilding the myocardial microenvironment to enhance mesenchymal stem cells-mediated regeneration in ischemic heart disease
Authors: Chu Qing , Jiang Xin , Xiao Ying
Published: September 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are naturally-derived regenerative materials that exhibit significant potential in regenerative medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs-based therapy can improve heart function in ischemia-injured hearts, offering an exciting therapeutic intervention for myocardial ischemic infarction, a leading cause of worldwide mortality and disability. However, the efficacy of MSCs-based therapies is significantly disturbed by the myocardial microenvironment, which undergoes substantial changes following ischemic injury. After the ischemic injury, blood vessels become obstructed and damaged, and cardiomyocytes experience ischemic conditions. This activates the hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway, leading to the rapid production of several cytokines and chemokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which are crucial for angiogenesis, cell migration, and tissue repair, but it is not sustainable. MSCs respond to these cytokines and chemokines by homing to the injured site and participating in myocardial regeneration. However, the deteriorated microenvironment in the injured myocardium poses challenges for cell survival, interacting with MSCs, and constraining their homing, retention, and migration capabilities, thereby limiting their regenerative potential. This review discusses how the deteriorated microenvironment negatively affects the ability of MSCs to promote myocardial regeneration. Recent studies have shown that optimizing the microenvironment through the promotion of angiogenesis can significantly enhance the efficacy of MSCs in treating myocardial infarction. This approach harnesses the full therapeutic potential of MSCs-based therapies for ischemic heart disease.
SERS-based microdroplet platform for high-throughput screening of Escherichia coli strains for the efficient biosynthesis of D-phenyllactic acid
Authors: Hu Lin , Luo Ruoshi , Wang Dan , Lin Fanzhen , Xiao Kaixing , Kang Yaqi
Published: September 2024

D-Phenyllactic acid (D-PLA) is a potent antimicrobial typically synthesized through chemical methods. However, due to the complexity and large pollution of these reactions, a simpler and more eco-friendly approach was needed. In this study, a strain for D-PLA biosynthesis was constructed, but the efficiency was restricted by the activity of D-lactate dehydrogenase (DLDH). To address this issue, a DLDH mutant library was constructed and the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was employed for the precise quantification of D-PLA at the single-cell level. The TB24 mutant exhibited a significant improvement in D-PLA productivity and a 23.03-fold increase in enzymatic activity, which was attributed to the enhanced hydrogen bonding and increased hydrophobicity within the substrate-binding pocket. By implementing multi-level optimization strategies, including the co-expression of glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) with DLDH, chassis cell replacement, and RBS engineering, a significant increase in D-PLA yields was achieved, reaching 128.4 g/L. This study underscores the effectiveness of SERS-based microdroplet high-throughput screening (HTS) in identifying superior mutant enzymes and offers a strategy for large-scale D-PLA biotransformation.
Fabrication and growth mechanism of t-selenium nanorods during laser ablation and fragmentation in organic liquids
Authors: Baimler Ilya V. , Simakin Alexander V. , Dikovskaya Anastasia O. , Voronov Valery V. , Uvarov Oleg V. , Smirnov Alexander A. , Sibirev Alexey V. , Dorokhov Alexey S. , Gudkov Sergey V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The process of forming selenium nanoparticles with various shapes and structures through laser ablation and fragmentation in various solvents has been explored.

Methods

Laser ablation and laser fragmentation techniques were employed using nanosecond Nd:YAG second harmonic laser irradiation in 9 different working fluids, including water. The characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods.

Results

Laser ablation and subsequent laser fragmentation of some organic solvents, such as ethanol, propanol-2, isobutanol, polyethylene glycol, and diethanolamine, have been found to produce trigonal selenium in the form of elongated nanorods approximately 1 μm long and 200 nm thick, with a well-defined crystal structure. In contrast, the use of deionized water, acetone, glycerol, and benzene as solvents results in the formation of spherical amorphous nanoparticles approximately 100 nm in diameter.

Discussion

The polarity of the solvent molecules has been shown to influence the growth of crystalline selenium nanorods in solution during laser ablation and laser fragmentation. Generally, polar solvents hinder the growth of crystalline nanorods, due to interactions between selenium and solvent molecules. Nonpolar solvents, on the other hand, allow for laser fragmentation to reduce particle size and initiate the epitaxial growth of elongated, crystalline selenium nanorods.
Exploring educational experiences that correlate with self-directed learning in college students seeking to pursue science, technology, engineering, math, and medical (STEMM) fields
Authors: Kemp Kyeorda L. , Davidson Cameron J. , Hurse Deidre N. , Naik Akshata R.
Published: September 2024

Educational experiences available to high school students have the potential to provide learning opportunities within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) that lead to student success in college and beyond. Therefore, the goal of our research was to identify whether participation in STEMM-specific outreach and pathway programs (OPPs), advanced placement/international baccalaureate (AP/IB), or dual enrollment correlate with self-directed learning (SDL) skills. Our population is composed of recent high school graduates matriculating into STEMM focused college programs. We collected responses from 339 students nationwide to assess their (1) experience with SDL, (2) the behavioral trait for SDL, and (3) the application of SDL in a newly developed situational judgment case. Our results demonstrate that those who have OPP experiences did not differ from their non-OPP counterparts regarding any aspect of SDL. However, dual enrollment significantly correlates with experience with components of SDL (r = 0.206, p < 0.001). Interestingly, AP/IB significantly correlates with the SDL behavioral trait (r = 0.145, p < 0.05) as well as the application of SDL skills (r = 0.202, p < 0.001), but not SDL experiences. This work identifies opportunities for improving the development of SDL within external and internal educational experiences for students interested in pursuing a career in STEMM.
Augmentation of communicative skills among rural high school students in India
Authors: Boobalan Rathika , Loganathan Saranraj , Gyamfi Abraham
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aims to focus on government school students, who struggle hard to express themselves in English.

Methods

A two-group simple randomized design was used for this study, and an experimental study was carried out among 60 rural high school students. ‘Captivating activities’ (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) have been used to find the effect on learners’ communication skills. Furthermore, a pre-test and a post-test were conducted between groups, and their scores were analyzed. A paired sample t-test was carried out to identify the difference between controlled and experimental groups.

Results

The results showed that there was a significant average difference observed between the pre-test and post-test scores (t28 = 8.327, p = 0.000, p < 0.01) of the experimental group.

Discussion

As an outcome of the tested strategy, it was understood that an English-speaking environment can help students improve their language skills to some extent. It was concluded that the captivating activities (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) are effective for augmenting learners’ communication skills.
Research on the three-phase load imbalance control of the active distribution network based on the distributed power flow controller
Authors: Guo Guowei , Zhan Ximei , Wang Jinfeng , Liu Zhu , Feng KangHeng , Peng Fadong , Gong Dehuang , Tang Aihong , Xiang Caili , Wang Zihan
Published: September 2024

In the background of the global commitment to low-carbon renewable energy transformation, new energy sources such as distributed wind–solar storage and charging and single-phase loads, such as electric vehicles, are connected to the distribution network. Due to the asymmetric access of load and the randomness of load power consumption, the problem of three-phase imbalance is becoming more and more prominent, and the uncertainty is increasing. In this paper, by analyzing the three-phase load imbalance problem of the distribution network, starting from the cause of three-phase load imbalance, the three-phase imbalance calculation method of the distribution network is deduced. The access mode of a distributed power flow controller in the distribution network and the three-phase imbalance compensation method are studied. The control strategy of the distributed power flow controller for the three-phase imbalance control of the distribution network is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively control the three-phase asymmetry problem of the distribution network, the configuration is more flexible, and the capacity utilization rate is higher.
A low voltage load balancing distribution method considering street information and V2G technology application
Authors: Lu Youfei , Gong Yushen , Huang Chenhui , Gu Shaoyuan , Tong Jiapeng , Huang Wendong
Published: September 2024

The low-voltage distribution network (LVDN) is the final stage in delivering electric energy from power plants to consumers, and its operational condition greatly impacts many power users. While medium-voltage and high-voltage distribution networks can be managed through intelligent digital systems, load imbalance issues in LVDNs often rely on planners’ experience, leading to significant limitations. With advancements in electric vehicle (EV) charging technology and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, where EVs act as distributed energy storage units, bidirectional energy exchange between vehicles and the grid can now contribute to LVDN operation. This paper proposes a low-voltage load distribution planning method that integrates street information and V2G technology. A two-stage stochastic programming mixed-integer model is developed to tackle load imbalance in LVDNs, with the planning scheme derived from solving this model. A case study is presented to verify the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating that incorporating V2G technology enhances load distribution accuracy and reduces reliance on manual planning, improving network stability and operational efficiency.
Cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and interferon beta-1 activation drive radiation-induced anti-tumour immune effects in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Kerschbaum-Gruber Sylvia , Kleinwächter Ava , Popova Katerina , Kneringer Alexandra , Appel Lisa-Marie , Stasny Katharina , Röhrer Anna , Dias Ana Beatriz , Benedum Johannes , Walch Lena , Postl Andreas , Barna Sandra , Kratzer Bernhard , Pickl Winfried F. , Akalin Altuna , Horvat Filip , Franke Vedran , Widder Joachim , Georg Dietmar , Slade Dea
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with limited treatment options due to extensive radiation and chemotherapy resistance. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade showed no survival benefit. A combination of immunomodulation and radiotherapy may offer new treatment strategies, as demonstrated for non-small cell lung cancer. Radiation-induced anti-tumour immunity is mediated through cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways that drive the expression of interferon beta-1 (IFNB1) and proinflammatory cytokines.

Methods

Human PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3) were treated with X-rays and protons. Immunogenic cell death was measured based on HMGB1 release. Cytosolic dsDNA and dsRNA were analysed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle progression, MHC-I and PD-L1 expression were determined by flow cytometry. Galectin-1 and IFNB1 were measured by ELISA. The expression levels and the phosphorylation status of the cGAS/STING and RIG-I/MAVS signalling pathways were analysed by western blotting, the expression of IFNB1 and proinflammatory cytokines was determined by RT-qPCR and genome-wide by RNA-seq. CRISPR-Cas9 knock-outs and inhibitors were used to elucidate the relevance of STING, MAVS and NF-κB for radiation-induced IFNB1 activation.

Results

We demonstrate that a clinically relevant X-ray hypofractionation regimen (3x8 Gy) induces immunogenic cell death and activates IFNB1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Fractionated radiation induces G2/M arrest and accumulation of cytosolic DNA in PDAC cells, which partly originates from mitochondria. RNA-seq analysis shows a global upregulation of type I interferon response and NF-κB signalling in PDAC cells following 3x8 Gy. Radiation-induced immunogenic response is regulated by STING, MAVS and NF-κB. In addition to immunostimulation, radiation also induces immunosuppressive galectin-1. No significant changes in MHC-I or PD-L1 expression were observed. Moreover, PDAC cell lines show similar radiation-induced immune effects when exposed to single-dose protons or photons.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a rationale for combinatorial radiation-immunomodulatory treatment approaches in PDAC using conventional photon-based or proton beam radiotherapy.
Exploring the impact of tertiary lymphoid structures maturity in NSCLC: insights from TLS scoring
Authors: Berthe Julie , Poudel Pawan , Segerer Felix J. , Jennings Emily C. , Ng Felicia , Surace Michael , Andoni Alma , Testori Marco , Saraiya Megha , Vuko Miljenka , Hessel Harald , Heininen-Brown Mari , Blando Jorge , Jones Emma V. , Willis Sophie E. , Galon Jérôme , van de Ven Rieneke , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Angell Helen K.
Published: September 2024

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) are lymphoid structures commonly associated with improved survival of cancer patients and response to immunotherapies. However, conflicting reports underscore the need to consider TLS heterogeneity and multiple features such as TLS size, composition, and maturation status, when assessing their functional impact. With the aim of gaining insights into TLS biology and evaluating the prognostic impact of TLS maturity in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), we developed a multiplex immunofluorescent (mIF) panel including T cell (CD3, CD8), B cell (CD20), Follicular Dendritic cell (FDC) (CD21, CD23) and mature dendritic cell (DC-LAMP) markers. We deployed this panel across a cohort of primary tumor resections from NSCLC patients (N=406) and established a mIF image analysis workstream to specifically detect TLS structures and evaluate the density of each cell phenotype. We assessed the prognostic significance of TLS size, number, and composition, to develop a TLS scoring system representative of TLS biology within a tumor. TLS relative area, (total TLS area divided by the total tumor area), was the most prognostic TLS feature (C-index: 0.54, p = 0.04). CD21 positivity was a marker driving the favorable prognostic impact, where CD21+ CD23- B cells (C-index: 0.57, p = 0.04) and CD21+ CD23- FDC (C-index: 0.58, p = 0.01) were the only prognostic cell phenotypes in TLS. Combining the three most robust prognostic TLS features: TLS relative area, the density of B cells, and FDC CD21+ CD23- we generated a TLS scoring system that demonstrated strong prognostic value in NSCLC when considering the effect of age, sex, histology, and smoking status. This TLS Score also demonstrated significant association with Immunoscore, EGFR mutational status and gene expression-based B-cell and TLS signature scores. It was not correlated with PD-L1 status in tumor cells or immune cells. In conclusion, we generated a prognostic TLS Score representative of the TLS heterogeneity and maturity undergoing within NSCLC tissues. This score could be used as a tool to explore how TLS presence and maturity impact the organization of the tumor microenvironment and support the discovery of spatial biomarker surrogates of TLS maturity, that could be used in the clinic.
Pharmacological effects of specialized pro-resolving mediators in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction: a narrative review
Authors: Sun Shujun , Yang Dong , Lv Jing , Xia Haifa , Mao Zhangyan , Chen Xiangdong , Gao Yafen
Published: September 2024

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction, characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory response and immune dysregulation, often leading to multiple organ failure and even death. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are typically thought to be formed via consecutive steps of oxidation of polyenoic fatty acids, have been shown to suppress inflammation and promote timely resolution of inflammation. They are mainly divided into four categories: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. The SPMs may improve the prognosis of sepsis by modulating the immune and inflammatory balance, thereby holding promise for clinical applications. However, their biosynthetic and pharmacological properties are very complex. Through a literature review, we aim to comprehensively elucidate the protective mechanisms of different SPMs in sepsis and its organ damage, in order to provide sufficient theoretical basis for the future clinical translation of SPMs.
Epigenetic regulation in epithelial cells and innate lymphocyte responses to S. Typhi infection: insights into IFN-γ production and intestinal immunity
Authors: Salerno-Goncalves Rosângela , Chen Haiyan , Bafford Andrea C. , Sztein Marcelo B.
Published: September 2024

Infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the cause of enteric fevers, is low in high-income countries but persistent in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Drug resistance, including in the United States, exacerbates this issue. Evidence indicates that innate lymphocytes (INLs), such as natural killer (NK) cells, and unconventional T lymphocytes (e.g., Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and T-cell receptor gamma delta (TCR-γδ) cells) can impact the intestinal epithelial barrier, the primary site of exposure to S. Typhi. Moreover, INL production of IFN-γ is central in controlling S. Typhi infection. However, the impact of epithelial cells (EC) on the secretion of IFN-γ by INLs and the relationship between these events and epigenetic changes remains unknown. Epigenetic modifications in host cells are fundamental for their differentiation and function, including IFN-γ production. Herein, using a human organoid-derived polarized intestinal epithelial cell monolayer, we investigated the role of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic marks in intestinal immunity, focusing on the function of EC, NK, MAIT, and TCR-γδ cells in response to S. Typhi. This study builds on our previous findings that MAIT subsets exhibiting specific IFN-γ pattern signatures were associated with protection against typhoid fever and that S. Typhi infection regulates changes in chromatin marks that depend on individual cell subsets. Here, we show that cultures exposed to S. Typhi without EC exhibit a significant increase in NK and MAIT cells, and, to a lesser extent, TCR-γδ cells, expressing IFN-γ and H3K4me3 but not H3K27me3 marks, contrasting with cultures where EC is present. The influence of EC on INL H3K4me3 marks might be indirectly mediated through the modulation of IL-18 secretion via the Histone Deacetylase 6 gene during S. Typhi infection.
Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a reliable biomarker for prognosis of esophageal cancer after radical resection: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Qing-Bo , Liang Yu-Bo , Chen Xing-Ming , Luo Wan-Ling , Li Yu-Kai , Chen Xiong , Lu Qi-Yu , Ke Yang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To explore whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could be a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer after radical resection.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed through PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang Data, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases until March 19, 2024. The selected studies investigated overall survival (OS) and/or recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with esophageal cancer with different levels of LVD after radical resection. The OS and RFS data were pooled as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). Furthermore, the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CI were aggregated to evaluate the correlation between LVD and clinicopathological features.

Results

A total of 10 retrospective studies of 1,201 patients were finally included for the meta-analysis. Patients with esophageal cancer with a high level of LVD exhibited worse OS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.31) and RFS (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.26) than those with a low level of LVD. Subgroup analysis of different pathological subtypes revealed that patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma with a high level of LVD had significantly worse RFS (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.61 to 5.02) than those with a low level of LVD; while patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with a high level of LVD had similar OS (HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.47) and RFS (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.48) to those with a low level of LVD. Furthermore, tumors with lymph node metastasis had significantly higher levels of LVD than those without lymph node metastasis (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.67). Tumors at the stages III-IV had significantly higher levels of LVD than those at the stages I-II (SMD = 1.62, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.34).

Conclusion

A high level of LVD in tumor was associated with worse survival of patients with esophageal cancer after radical resection, especially in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tumor-associated LVD is a new parameter that should be measured in postoperative pathology for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024553766.
Comprehensive clinical phenotype, genotype and therapy in Yao syndrome
Authors: Nomani Hafsa , Wu Song , Saif Ashmia , Hwang Frank , Metzger Jane , Navetta-Modrov Brianne , Gorevic Peter D. , Aksentijevich Ivona , Yao Qingping
Published: September 2024

Objective

Yao syndrome (YAOS) is formerly called nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-associated autoinflammatory disease.We report a large cohort of YAOS.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of adult patients with systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs). All patients underwent testing for a periodic fever syndrome gene panel.

Results

A total of 194 patients carried NOD2 variants, 152 patients were diagnosed with YAOS, and 42 had mixed autoinflammatory diseases with combined variants in NOD2 and other SAID-associated genes. Demographic, clinical and molecular data were summaried. In sub-group analysis of the 194 patients, individual patients were often identified to carry two or more variants that usually included IVS8 + 158/R702W, IVS8 + 158/L1007fs, IVS8 + 158/V955I, IVS8 + 158/other, or NOD2/variants in other SAID genes. Ninety-nine patients carried single variants. Taken together, these variants contribute to the disease in combination or individually.

Conclusion

This largest cohort has provided comprehensive clinical and genotyping data in YAOS. Variants in the NOD2 gene can give rise to a spectrum from inflammatory bowel disease to autoinflammatory disease.This report further raises awareness of the underdiagnosed disease in the medical community.