bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus Type 8 in Primary School, Southwest China
Authors: Li Duo , Zhou Jie-Nan , Li Hong , He Cun-Ying , Dai Qing-Shan , Li Xiang-Lan , He Jian-Fang , He Hong , Li Ming-Bao , Jiang LI-Li , Chen Yao-Yao , Xu Wen
Published: March 2019

Background

Two outbreaks of acute conjunctivitis occurred successively with an interval of five days in two boarding primary schools in Weixi Lisu autonomous county, Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Yunnan. The aims of this study were to determine the intensity of and characteristics of outbreaks, as well as the clinical manifestation of patients and risk factors infected, and the pathogen causing two outbreaks.

Methods

An outbreak investigation and a case-control study were conducted in two primary schools. The relevant specimens were collected by case definition, Next generation sequencing was adopted to identify the pathogen, and the epidemiological investigation method was used to analyze the related epidemiological characteristics such as risk factors. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7.0.

Results

A total of 331 acute conjunctivitis cases, as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis probable cases, were reported in two schools and the attack rates were 30.59% (171/559, 95%CI: 26.76-34.42) and 20.41% (160/784, 95%CI: 17.58-23.24), respectively. Cases occurred in all grades and classes in both schools, and only one staff was ill in each school. Epidemic situations lasted for 54 days and 45 days, respectively. Epidemic curve of two breaks appearing two peaks indicated the mode of person-to-person transmission for two outbreaks. The patients had typical manifestations of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) such as acute onset, follicular hyperplasia, pseudomembrane formation, preauricular lymphadenopathy, corneal involvement and blurred vision, and the longer course of the disease (average 9.40 days, longest 23 days and shortest 7 days). The risk factor in infection was close contact with the patient or personal items contaminated by the patient. The pathogen caused the outbreaks is HAdV-8. The virus was highly homologous to the 2016 HAdV-8 strain in Tibet, China.

Conclusions

This study strongly suggests that HAdV-8 could lead to serious consequences. This is the second report of a HAdV-8 associated EKC outbreak in mainland of China. Tibetan HAdV-8 might be circulating in southwest China, it is necessary to monitor the pathogen of acute conjunctivitis in this area.
Approach to the Airway in the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a Portuguese University Hospital Center: a prospective observational study
Authors: Cabral Tiago , Figueira Helena , Oliveira Ricardo , Mota Ângela , Aragão Irene , Teixeira Carla Margarida
Published: March 2019

Background

Airway management is a commonly performed procedure in the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), being tracheal intubation the gold standard with relatively high rates of complications in these settings. The purpose of our study was to analyse the airway approach in our institution at ED and ICU identifying the main complications associated and taking notice of possible factors related to them.

Methods

Prospective observational study conducted between May and September 2014 in the ICU and ED of Santo Antonio Hospital, with the primary aim of identifying the main complications of the airway approach in the critical patient and secondary aim to take notice of possible factors related with complications of the airway approach related to technical skills of the operator, patient´s specificities and airway approach techniques. The statistical analysis was done in cooperation with the Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto. P values <0.05 were considered significant for all hypothesis testing. The analysis was done using the statistical analysis program SPSS® v.21.0

Results

A total of 182 patients were included, corresponding to 257 attempted tracheal intubations (ATI). The rate of successful first-pass orotracheal intubation was 67%. Complications related to ATI were reported in 30% of all attempts, being most frequently among residents (81%, p=0.001) and those with little experience in airway approach (46%, p<0.001). The majority of complications was failed intubation (18%). In the group with complications, relation with an identifiable obvious cause was seen in 87% of cases (p<0.001), the major being inexperience in 42% of operators with complications, instead of 1% in the group without complications (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Failed ATI and its complications are largely dependent on operator´s expertise. Factors related to patient, lack of appropriate equipment and inappropriate strategy delineation also play a role. Recognition of patients at particular risk of difficult airway management is crucial.
Effects of the Circulation Pump Type and Ultraviolet Sterilization on Nutrient Solutions and Plant Growth in Plant Factories
Authors: Liu Yu-Wei , Huang Chen-Kang
Published: March 2019

Hydroponic systems in plant factories can be categorized into recirculating or noncirculating systems. In this study, the effects of various commercially available circulation pumps, including a centrifugal magnetic drive pump, a regenerative self-priming pump, and a submersible pump, were experimentally explored. In addition, the effects of an ultraviolet sterilization system on the ion concentrations in nutrient solutions were examined. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, nitrate, sulfate, and ferric (Fe3+) ions in the nutrient solution were measured. For all three types of pumps, the results indicated that there was no significant effect on the concentrations of ions in the nutrient solution. However, the concentration of Fe3+ ions decreased significantly after the nutrient solution was treated by a ultraviolet sterilization system for 48 hours. In addition, the effects of the three types of pumps on the growth of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were examined. The temperature records during the pump circulation tests showed that the nutrient solution temperature of the regenerative self-priming pump increased by 15.5 °C (from 20.5 to 36 °C), which caused yellow seedling, scorching on the leaves, and browning of the roots. The ion concentration in the nutrient solutions and total fresh weight of butterhead lettuce did not show any noticeable difference between the centrifugal magnetic drive pump and the submersible pump. In this paper, we clarify the cause of the decreasing iron concentration and provide a guideline for selecting the pump for circulating hydroponic systems in plant factories.
Estimation of Realized Rates of Genetic Gain and Indicators for Breeding Program Assessment
Authors: Rutkoski J. E.
Published: March 2019

Routine estimation of the rate of genetic gain (ΔGt) realized by a breeding program has been proposed as a means to monitor its effectiveness. Several methods of realized ΔGtestimation have been used in other studies, but none have been objectively evaluated in a plant breeding context. Stochastic simulations of 80 rice (Oryza sativaL.) breeding programs over 28 yr were done to generate data used to evaluate five methods of realized ΔGtestimation in terms of error, precision, efficiency, and correlation between true and predicted annual mean breeding values. Two indicators of ΔGt, the expected ΔGt, and the average number of equivalent complete generations (EqCg), were described and evaluated. At best, estimates of realized ΔGtwere over or underestimated by 15 and 27% when considering all 28 yr and the past 15 yr of breeding, respectively. The best methods were the estimated breeding value, control population, and era trial methods. Among these, correlations between true and estimated ΔGtwere at best 0.59, indicating that these methods cannot very accurately rank breeding programs in terms of realized ΔGt. The expected ΔGtand the average EqCg were shown to be useful indicators for determining if a nonzero genetic gain is expected. Determining which of the three best realized ΔGtestimation methods evaluated, if any, would be appropriate for any given breeding program should be done with careful consideration of the objectives, resources, seed stocks, and structure of the data available.
Comparison of Representative and Custom Methods of Generating Core Subsets of a Carrot Germplasm Collection
Authors: Corak K. E. , Ellison S. L. , Simon P. W. , Spooner D. M. , Dawson J. C.
Published: March 2019

Crop breeding programs are interested in using genetic resources but have difficulty identifying useful accessions from germplasm collections. To efficiently use the diversity present in large germplasm collections, breeders often identify a subset of accessions that represent the larger collection. Methods to identify these subsets, which are called core collections, do not consistently capture functional diversity, and breeders would benefit from methods that help create custom core collections using existing data from variety trials or breeding programs. Making use of high‐density genomic data and existing phenotypic data from a collection of 433 domesticated carrot (Daucus carota L.) accessions, we tested whether it is possible to develop custom subsets of accessions for specific breeding purposes. We found that for this collection, representative strategies were effective in developing core collections that capture the diversity of the collection, but they were no better than random sampling, likely because the collection itself is not strongly subdivided. Custom strategies generated subsets that differed from the total collection with altered genetic, geographic, and phenotypic compositions. When used as training populations for genomic prediction of the other accessions in the collection, however, these custom cores did not produce a substantial improvement over traditional core collections. Increasing the size of the core did improve prediction accuracy, suggesting that it is possible to improve the usefulness of core collections by identifying custom subsets that are large enough to represent the functional genetic diversity present in the collection.
An Assessment Scheme for Soil Degradation Caused by Forestry Machinery on Skid Trails in Germany
Authors: Riggert Roland , Fleige Heiner , Horn Rainer
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

This assessment scheme links visual deformation and various soil processes.

The ratio of soil stability and stress impacts defines level of soil degradation.

Exceeding precompression stress leads to plastic deformation.

Exceeding shear resistance leads to failure of bearing capacity.

The worldwide demand for wood products has led to an intensification of forestry and to higher weights of forestry machinery. In Germany but also in other countries, timber harvesting is limited to skid trails that minimize soil compaction and degradation. To preserve the trafficability of skid trails and to prevent the additional degradation of unloaded soils it is important to understand soil mechanical and physical behavior. We developed an assessment scheme to link visible deformations and soil physical processes caused by forestry machinery. For this reason five different machine types and additional equipment were tested at six study sites in Germany, namely in Lower Saxony between 2012 and 2015. During these studies, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken at soil depths of 20, 40, and 60 cm to determine various physical soil parameters. Furthermore, major principal stress (σ1) and shear stress (τs), caused by the tested forestry machinery, were measured with the stress‐state transducer system (SST) in the same depths. Based on these measurements, an assessment scheme was developed, which can be divided into two levels. The first level distinguishes internal and external soil parameters influencing soil stability. Internal soil parameters are processes and elements which describe soil strength and soil stability parameters (Pc and τr), for example clay migration and matric potential. External parameters are wheel load or contact area, resulting in stress impacts (describing parameters: σ1 and τs). The comparison between internal and external soil parameters led to the second level of this assessment scheme, describing four processes of soil degradation and deformation: elastic deformation, plastic deformation, failure of bearing capacity, and homogenization of soil structure.
A PRÁTICA COMPETENTE DO PROFESSOR UNIVERSITÁRIO: POR UMA EMANCIPAÇÃO DISCENTE
Authors: Guimarães Jairo de Carvalho
Published: March 2019

A proposta do artigo é discutir as principais questões que envolvem as estratégias didático-pedagógicas subjacentes à prática cotidiana do professor universitário do Curso de Administração, cuja intenção prioritária é formar o aluno para o mercado de trabalho, conforme normalmente se comprova na missão e objetivos estatuídos na matriz curricular. Nesta linha, para forjar um profissional emancipado e crítico, apto a realizar com substância as transformações – sociais, políticas, econômicas, culturais – no campo de atuação, é imperioso que o professor reúna um conjunto de competências, as quais devem não apenas estar alinhadas com os objetivos curriculares, mas com a concepção ética de um ensino superior realmente de qualidade. A abordagem é teórica, cuja ideias sobre competências foram obtidas em autores como Le Boterf (2013), Cheetham e Chivers (2005), Masetto (2012), Minet (1994), Perrenoud (2013), Rovai (2010) e Zarifian (2011), culminando com a percepção de que as mudanças requeridas pelo estrato da sociedade em termos de formação profissional em nível superior perpassam pelo pleno comprometimento do professor.
AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO CURRICULAR DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NA UNIVERSIDADE DA REGIÃO DE JOINVILLE – UNIVILLE: OS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA E DIREITO
Authors: Leal e Silva Amanda Carina , Baldin Nelma
Published: March 2019

Neste artigo apresenta-se a discussão referente às possibilidades do processo de ambientalização na Universidade da Região de Joinville – UNIVILLE, acontecida nos cursos de graduação (Licenciaturas e Direito) e efetuada entre 2015 e 2016. A metodologia seguida baseou-se na literatura existente na área da Educação Ambiental e de teóricos de metodologia da pesquisa, e os procedimentos metodológicos centraram-se na analise dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos (PPC’s). Os resultados sugerem uma discrepância entre a imagem que a universidade consolidou enquanto “instituição verde” e o que conferem os currículos dos cursos. Também verificou-se que nos cursos de Licenciaturas e Direito apresentam-se  disciplinas com indícios de ambientalização, porém, não o suficiente para considerar os cursos ambientalizados.
Primera época - Año I, Número 2, agosto 1999
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio
Published: March 2019

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
A 10-Year Histopathologic Audit of Uterine Cervical Biopsies in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Odokuma Emmanuel Igho
Published: March 2019

The objective of the research was to determine the types, patterns of uterine cervical lesions and specific age distributions in which they occur.

         Methods. The data for this study were obtained from the records of patients seen in consultations in the Department of Histopathology, Central Hospital Warri during the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016. Relevant clinical information was extracted from the available histopathology records and permission for this study was conformed with the provision of the Declaration of Helsinki in 1995.

         Results. The study revealed that the peak age range for malignant neoplasm was between 40-49 years (27.52%) with the general age range between (20-80 years) mean age 52.39±13.69. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma constituted majority of squamous cell tumours (55.05%), while the keratinising variety was the second most common (26.61%) one. The study further revealed that ectocervical fibroepithelial polyps were more common than endocervical tumours especially in the reproductive years (30-50 years) with only one case of atrophic polyp recorded in a woman in the sixth decade. The study documented that 58 (22.48%) of the cervical biopsies were inflammatory with most cases occurring in the ectocervix (94.80%). Most cases of inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) were disposed between 30 and 59 years with the peak age group occurring in the 4th age group (30-39 years).

         Conclusions. This audit of uterine cervical biopsies established that malignant tumours were the most common neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for most carcinomas. Similarly, leiomyoma was demonstrated as predominant stromal tumour.
Yeast-Like Fungal Colonization of the Oral Cavity in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Ohiienko Tania
Published: March 2019

The frequency of yeast-like fungal colonization of the oral mucosa in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome constitutes 40.0 ± 1.63%. Fungi are detected on the mucous membrane of the tongue more often (36.7 ± 1.61%) than on the mucous membrane of the gums (23.3 ± 1.41%). The extent of tongue mucosa colonization is also higher in comparison with the gum colonization. The extent of Candida colonization of tongue mucosa is 2.5 times higher in women with Sjögren’s syndrome as compared to men.

The objective of the research was to study the level of candida colonization of various oral mucosa areas in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome.

26 fungal cultures were isolated from the examined patients. Candida albicans predominated among them constituting 14 strains (53.8±1.92%). C. albicans colonization of the oral mucosa was detected in 10 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (30.0±1.53%). The extent of tongue mucosa colonization was 3.95±1.32 lg CFU/ml and the extent of gum colonization constituted 3.08±0.60 lg CFU/ml.
Interns’ Participation in the Work in “Children’s Health School” as a Method of Teaching and Educational Process
Authors: Bobrykovych Olha , Synoverska Olha , Tsymbalista Olha , Vovk Zoryana , Berezna Tamara , Fomenko Nadiya , Semianchuk Vira , Semkovych Yaroslav , Fofanov Vyacheslav , Haridzhuk Liudmila
Published: March 2019

The long-term observations of leading endocrinologists, cardiologists, and gastroenterologists all over the world have shown that the quality of medical care and the level of the patient’s knowledge about alimentary-dependent diseases significantly affect their course and prognosis. As a part of the classes at the Children’s Health School, the interns of the 1st and 2nd years of study give interactive classes for the child patients and their parents on the prevention of diseases and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, namely nutrition, physical activity, psychological health, work and rest regimes, personal hygiene, etc. Taking into account the conducted classes, such training can be argued to be useful and necessary both for children for the purpose of obtaining new educational knowledge and for interns in order to learn and develop communicative skills.
Complications of Urogenital Chlamydial Infection in Women
Authors: Kukhta Oksana , Aleksandruk Oleksandr
Published: March 2019

The objective of the research was to identify the spectrum of complications in women with chronic urogenital chlamydial infection.

Materials and methods. There were examined 128 women with chronic inflammatory diseases of genital organs at the age of 16-40 years who were diagnosed with urogenital chlamydial infection and 25 apparently healthy women. In both women with chlamydial infection and healthy ones, urogenital chlamydial infection was diagnosed based on the data of clinical examination and the results of laboratory tests (the identification of chlamydial morphological structure on the pathologic specimens stained according to the Romanowsky-Giemsa method; the identification of chlamydial antigens using the direct immunofluorescence technique; the study of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody titers using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Results. According to the results of our study, chlamydiae were the most common causes of inflammatory lesions of the urogenital organs in women of different ages leading to different reproductive complications and affecting females mostly at the age of 21-30 years. In women of Group I and Group II, chronic chlamydial disease was detected; disease duration ranged from 6 months to more than 2 years. Miscarriages, infertility (primary, secondary), ectopic pregnancy (tubal, ovarian) were the severest and the most numerous reproductive complications in the examined patients.

Conclusion. Chronic chlamydial infection is the most common disease of the female urinogenital organs leading to a wide spectrum of complications including infertility (primary, secondary), miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy (tubal, ovarian), chronic abdominal pain, sexual dysfunction (low libido, hypo/anorgasmia, painful intercourse, neurotic symptoms).
State of Lipid and Fat-Acidic Spectrum of Blood Plasma in the Residents of the Plain Regions of Transcarpathia Depending on Age and Trophological Status
Authors: Kedyk Antonina , Zhulkevych Ihor
Published: March 2019

The objective of the study – is to identify the age peculiarities of the fat-acidic and lipid blood plasma spectrum in the inhabitants of the plain settlements of the Transcarpathian region with overweight and obesity.

Materials and methods. There were examined 107 persons, who applied for the assistance to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic №7 in Uzhgorod. The examined persons were estimated the following data: age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, lipid and fat-acidic spectrum.

Results of the study. The study involved 74 women (69.1%) and 33 men (30.9%). The average age of the examined persons was 52.4±1.0 years. The BMI of the examined patients was 27.5±0.4 kg/m2, and the waist circumference was – 92.4±1.6 cm. All patients were divided into 6 age groups with intervals of 5 years, starting with 40 years. Starting from the 46 years and older, in each age group, there was a significantly higher BMI compared to persons under 40 years of age. In the examined persons over 40 years the changes of the lipid spectrum in the direction of growth of atherogenic fractions were observed.

Beginning from the age of 46 years, the levels of total ω6-PUFA and ω3-PUFA are significantly higher compared to persons aged under 40 years. In individuals aged under 50 years there is an increase of average levels of PUFA, therefore the highest growth of ω3-PUFAs is observed in the period from 40 to 50 years of age (from 60.10±5.50 μg/ml to 102.9±5.20 μg/ml, p< 0.01), and of ω6-PUFA in the period from 45 to 50 years (from 1288.10±62.40 μg/ml to 1501.10±67.50 μg/ml; p=0.03).

Conclusions. There is a shift in the lipid spectrum, which corresponds to atherogenic dyslipidemia, in the examined persons aged over 40 years. In individuals aged under 50 years there is an increase in total levels of PUFA, thus the highest growth of ω3-PUFA is observed in the period from 40 to 50 years, and ω6- PUFA in the period from 45 to 50 years. The stabilization of the fatty acids composition was revealed in persons aged 50 years and more.
Secondary Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Chaplynska Nataliya , Rudnyk Viktoria
Published: March 2019

Osteoporosis in patients with broncho-pulmonary pathology is associated with the fact that the inflammatory process has a direct effect on bone metabolism. A large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of obstructive pulmonary diseases, is involved in the regulation of bone resorption. In addition, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of severe and extremely severe degrees, according to GOLD recommendations, receive inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCS), and in ineffective inhaled GCS-therapy COPD patients are prescribed systemic steroids; that has an undesirable effect on bone marrow state.

The purpose of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of bone metabolism disorders in patients with COPD. There were examined 26 patients with COPD of the III-IV degrees, groups C and D aged 65.3±3.15 years. Spirography, bone mineral density study were performed; ten-year risk of osteoporotic fractures was evaluated using FRAX; content of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase in blood serum were determined.

As a result of laboratory studies and densitometry, 84.6% of patients were diagnosed osteopenia. The average T-criterion was within (–1.83±0.17) SD (standard deviation) and was significantly lower than in healthy persons (–0.56±0.10) SD, (p<0.001). The degree of reduction of bone mineral density depended on the degree of reduction of FEV1 and COPD degree (r=0.65; p<0.01), as well as on the duration of the disease (r= –0.43; p<0.01). The ten-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with COPD was high and was 5.65%±1.63%, as opposed to 2.13%±0.61% (p<0.001) in practically healthy individuals.

Thus, severe functional disorders in COPD, a durable anamnesis of the disease contribute to a decrease in bone mineral density and to an increase in the risk of osteoporotic fractures.
First report of the genus Umbelligerus Deitz, 1975 (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegaspidinae) for Colombia
Authors: Torres-Domínguez Diana Marcela , Posso-Gómez Carmen Elisa , González-Mozo Laura Catalina , González-Obando Ranulfo
Published: March 2019

The genus Umbelligerus is reported for the first time in Colombia from the review of a male specimen found in the department of Amazonas. This specimen was deposited in the Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle. A map of the known geographical distribution and photographs of the Umbelligerus peruviensis are included.
Datos preliminares sobre el papel del venado cola blanca Odocoileus virginianus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) como dispersor de semillas
Authors: García-Ruiz Miriam , Andresen Ellen , Malda-Barrera Guadalupe Xochitl , Guerrero-Vázquez Sergio , Carrillo-Angeles Israel Gustavo , Queijeiro-Bolaños Mónica Elisa
Published: March 2019

El papel del venado cola blanca como dispersor endozoócoro de semillas se evaluó a través de la estimación del número de semillas y especies encontradas en las muestras fecales, y el análisis del efecto del paso por el tracto digestivo sobre el porcentaje y la velocidad de germinación en semillas de una especie focal (Acacia schaffneri). En total se encontraron 369 semillas en 98 grupos de pellets. La mayoría de las semillas se apreciaban dañadas o inmaduras, sólo 67 semillas (31 morfoespecies) germinaron. El porcentaje de germinación de semillas de A. schaffneri defecadas tendió a ser mayor que la germinación de semillas control. En nuestro estudio el venado figura como depredador de semillas y ocasionalmente como dispersor de semillas. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados con animales en cautiverio muestran que el venado puede incrementar el porcentaje de germinación de algunas especies.
El futuro dominicano en España: Alto capital humano, empoderamiento y ruptura con los esquemas tradicionales
Authors: Dello Iacono Chiara
Published: March 2019

El trabajo analiza el proceso de empoderamiento de jóvenes mujeres dominicanas con alto capital humano emigradas a España. La hipótesis principal en la que se fundamenta el trabajo es que la variable migratoria puede ser conside­rada como clave del proceso de empoderamiento y, a la vez, como elemento de ruptura con la cultura “machista”. A partir de la teoría de Rowlands (1997) han sido ana­lizados los elementos que permiten los cambios hacia el empoderamiento. Según el autor, el proceso se desarrolla a través de tres dimensiones: individual, colectiva y de las relaciones cercanas. Para cada una hay elementos positivos y negativos que afectan el proceso.

El trabajo se desarrolló mediante entrevistas con 18 jóve­nes dominicanas que viven en España. Las informaciones se obtuvieron a través del uso de la entrevista semiestruc­turada y de un cuestionario sociodemográfico.

Los resultados muestran que nos enfrentamos con una ola migratoria que es diferente a la anterior: una mezcla en­tre jóvenes con capital humano alto, otras en condiciones económicamente desfavorables y madres solteras con hijos. Sí, es verdad que hay diferencias internas entre las mujeres, pero es cierto que a través de la migración estas consiguen crear proyectos de vida, empoderarse y romper con los esquemas tradicionales.
Editorial
Authors: Ulloa Hung Jorge
Published: March 2019

No necesita un resumen
Perancangan Simulator Traffic Light Berdasarkan Gerakan Dan Kendali Antrian
Authors: Hartanti Dian , Ningrum Rahma Farah , Djunaidi Karina
Published: March 2019

Sering terjadinya antrian yang sangat panjang namun diberi durasi lampu hijau yang singkat, menyebabkan terjadi penumpukan antrian yang selanjutnya berakibat kemacetan panjang. Dari kondisi tersebut kemudian dipertimbangkan untuk dibuatkan perangkat simulasi mengikuti kondisi maupun gerakan sesungguhnya dengan diawali pembuatan bagan alir, diagram proses antar perubahan keadaan (state transition diagram), rancangan antarmuka yang menjadikan dasar pembuatan simulator sesungguhnya untuk jenis jalan dengan banyak arah perpotongan seperti pertigaan, perempatan, perlimaan, dan seterusnya.  Hasil perancangan simulasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menampilkan semua proses pengendalian lalu lintas yang sedang berjalan secara realtime dengan tujuan untuk dapat mempresentasikan alternatif solusi untuk mengatasi masalah lalu lintas
Pembuatan Aplikasi Buta warna untuk penderita buta warna
Authors: Hartanto Adi , Ismawati Nur
Published: March 2019

Color blindness is the reason a person is unable to distinguish certain colors. Color blindness is experienced by someone from birth because of lack or absence of pigment in the retinal cone cells of the eye. So that someone will be difficult to distinguish and identify colors. The purpose of making this color-blind application is to help people with color blindness and know the color by making color transfusion and color correction to display names, RGB and HSV values of a color. This Color Blind application is an Android OS application that will be embedded in a smartphone that can be easily used by people with color blindness
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi CRM Fleet Management System dengan Algoritma Searching Sequential
Authors: Affandi Fahrul Dwi , Rudiarto Sabar
Published: March 2019

Shipping company is companies that provide services in collection, management, warehousing and delivery of goods or commonly called  forwarding agents. Shipping goods is the process of moving goods from one place to another. One of the tools used by the shipping company is transportation. Wich is the reason why people or companies need shipping service is a means of transpotation that supports people or companies themselves is very limited. Therefore, the services of other parties are needed to help deliver goods. Because this delivery service requires a lot of drivers, the shipping company needs driver data storage media that is owned while searching for a driver who is delivering and not so that the shipment of goods is in accordance with the given schedule and able to be on time. There areseveral algorithms that can be used, one of which is  sequential search, which is a basic and easy algorithm for searching where the process looks for data in a 1-dimensional array that will be traced in all elements of the array element to the end and the data sought does not need to be sorted first fist. In this research, the data search system uses the sewuential search method to be able to recommend the driver and fleet available for delivery.
Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: First premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign
Authors: Dai Fan-Fan , Xu Tian-Min , Shu Guang
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To compare achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors in first premolar extraction cases treated with Invisalign.

Materials and Methods:

The present study included 30 patients who received maxillary first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. The actual posttreatment model was registered with the pretreatment model on the palatal stable region and superimposed with the virtual posttreatment model. Achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors were compared using paired t-test. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were used to explore the influence of age (adolescents vs adults), attachment (G6-optimized vs 3-mm vertical, 3-mm horizontal, and 5-mm horizontal), and initial crowding on the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement (DPATM).

Results:

First molars achieved greater mesial tipping, mesial translation, and intrusion than predicted. Central incisors achieved less retraction and greater lingual crown torque and extrusion than predicted. Adolescents showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of first molars and labiolingual translation of central incisors and smaller DPATM in the occlusogingival translation of the first molars and crown torque of the central incisors than adults. The 3-mm vertical attachment group showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of the first molars vs the G6-optimized attachment group. Initial crowding had an inverse correlation with DPATM in angulation and mesiodistal translation of the first molars.

Conclusions:

First molar anchorage control and central incisor retraction were not fully achieved as predicted in first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. Age, attachment, and initial crowding affected the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement.
Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich plasma in reducing alveolar bone resorption following rapid maxillary expansion: A cone-beam computed tomography assessment in a randomized split-mouth controlled trial
Authors: Alomari Eyad B. , Sultan Kinda
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with its growth factors in minimizing the side effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the periodontal tissue of anchoring teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

A randomized, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients aged 12–16 years (14 ± 1.65) with a skeletal maxillary constriction who underwent RME using a Hyrax appliance. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control sides. PRP was prepared and injected on the buccal aspect of supporting teeth in the intervention group. High-resolution CBCT imaging (H-CBCT) was carried out preoperatively (T0) and after 3 months of retention (T1) to study the buccal bone plate thickness (BBPT) and buccal bone crest level (BBCL) of anchoring teeth. Changes induced by expansion were evaluated using paired sample t-test (P < .05).

Results:

Results showed that there was no significant difference in BBPT and BBCL between the two groups after RME (P > .05). The prevalence of dehiscence and fenestrations was increased at (T1) in both groups and the percentage was higher in the PRP group.

Conclusions:

RME induced vertical and horizontal bone loss. PRP did not minimize alveolar defects after RME.
A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
Authors: Saloom Hayder F. , Carpenter Guy H. , Cobourne Martyn T.
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of obesity on biomarker levels within lower incisor gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects undergoing routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional clinical cohort study. GCF was collected from normal-weight and obese subjects at completion of alignment at least 1 month after placement of 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires. The primary outcome was the difference in GCF biomarker levels between groups. Secondary outcomes included differences in clinical parameters of plaque and gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth saliva, and GCF flow rates.

Results:

Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 25.6 (SD, 6.3) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 (1.6) in normal-weight and 32.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in obese groups were investigated. Apart from BMI (P < .0001), there were no statistically significant differences in essential demographics between groups. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin (P < .009) and the tissue-remodeling biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; P < .020) were identified in the obese cohort. For the remainder of the biomarkers, including the RANKL bone-remodeling marker and several inflammatory markers, there were no significant differences between groups. No correlation was observed between plaque index or gingival index for any GCF biomarker for either group (P = .07–1.00).

Conclusions:

This study investigated the GCF biochemical profile of obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin and the tissue-remodeling biomarker MMP9 were identified in the obese group. These data provide evidence of differences in GCF biochemistry between obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.
Influence of clinical experience on accuracy of virtual orthodontic attachment bonding in comparison with the direct procedure
Authors: De Oliveira Natalice S. , Rossouw Emile , Lages Elizabeth M. B. , Macari Soraia , Pretti Henrique
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To compare the accuracy of bonding orthodontic attachments in a digital environment with the direct bonding procedure depending on the level of the orthodontist's clinical experience.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1120 artificial teeth of 40 identical models (20 solid sets + 20 digital sets) were divided into four groups: (1) direct bonding (experienced clinicians). (2) direct bonding (postgraduate students), (3) virtual bonding (experienced clinicians), and (4) virtual bonding (postgraduate students). The differences in individual position of the placed attachments were measured after three-dimensional superimposition of the models using customized software.

Results:

In the interoperator comparison, experienced clinicians were more exact than postgraduate students in virtual bonding in the angular dimension. Between the bonding techniques, virtual bonding was more accurate than the direct technique. The prevalence of errors was higher in the direct procedure than virtual bonding, and the errors were more significant in the premolar and molar teeth.

Conclusions:

Clinical experience had a positive influence in achieving a higher rate of correctness/accuracy in the angular dimension only during virtual bonding. Virtual bonding was more accurate than direct bonding in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Early diagnosis of errors in the bonding positions of attachments could be of benefit to both clinicians and patients by predicting discrepancies that may lead to undesirable orthodontic movements.
The Striking Similarities between Northern Norway and Northern Sweden
Authors: Stein Jonas
Published: March 2019

Contrary to the view held by many actors, this paper, by using a quantitative and longitudinal analysis in a comparative perspective, show that demographic development in Northern Norway and Northern Sweden is much more similar than many think. Over the last 60 years, there has been a small negative trend in the relative percentage of the national population that lives in the two regions, with “knowledge cities”, and especially the two university cities Tromsø and Umeå, as the exception. Despite Broxian social theories of regional development in Northern Norway and the implementation of a generous set of regional policies, there seems to be no cause to claim that Northern Norway has followed a unique path of development compared to Northern Sweden, neither in general nor in smaller and more rural communities.
Interessekonflikter i forskning: Om forskningens saksorienterte forpliktelse
Authors: Nydal Rune , Solberg Berge , Myskja Bjørn
Published: March 2019

Researchers are increasingly challenged to adjust to interests defined outside their own disciplinary boundaries. This follows from more or less explicit expectations to seek interdisciplinary collaboration and partnership within the private and public sectors. How can researchers identify and handle conflicts of interest in this situation? To answer this question, we first defend the validity of the traditional ideal of disinterested research. This ideal still provides a key guideline for identifying conflicts of interest in research: the freedom of research. This freedom should not, however, be misunderstood as disciplinary confinement or as freedom to ignore societal interests. We suggest that the crucial issue is the freedom and duty to be oriented towards the subject matter itself.
«… så korrupte at jeg har ikke ord!» – Hets og sjikane i forskning
Authors: S. Myklebust Norunn
Published: March 2019

Critical feedback is an important driving force in research. Conducted in the appropriate arenas, within established ethical principles, it leads to progress. Social media provides a new, important channel for communicating research findings. However, social media has also become an arena for uncontrolled campaigns of criticism, lies and harassment against both individual researchers and research groups. While debate and critique are positive, systematic harassment and accusations of cheating and corruption are completely unacceptable. Applied research, by its nature, addresses issues of importance to society. Results are often used directly in political decisions and management decisions, creating potential for conflicts of interest. Two examples from NINA’s research are the cause of losses in tame reindeer production and the effects of aquaculture on wild salmonids. In both cases, research results have had a decisive influence upon important industry and societal interests, leading to conflict. In this chapter I use my experience as director of NINA over the past ten years to reflect upon conflicts of interest in research. This experience has taught me that robust researchers with quality and integrity in their work are, with good support, able to face the storm when controversial research is publicised. Open debate in connection with research findings is vital for progress, and commitment demonstrates the relevance of research. An informed debate requires a sound information basis, which in turn will release further research funding. In the long term, research consequently benefits from debate, if the researcher can weather the storm.
Forskerens frihet når interesser vil styre
Authors: S. Gezelius Stig , Mittenzwei Klaus
Published: March 2019

Actors who seek to restrict scientists’ academic freedom often believe they have legitimate reasons for doing so, and this belief often relies on misunderstandings regarding the nature and rationale of freedom in science. This chapter explains principles of freedom in science, why these principles matter, and how they can be protected when interests conflict. The authors distinguish between four freedoms in science: freedom of subject, freedom of source, freedom of interpretation, and freedom of speech. These freedoms each serve their scientific purpose and are – each to their own degree – important to the legitimacy of science. The authors argue that the freedoms of interpretation and speech, especially, must be absolute in science. This chapter delves particularly into the freedom of speech, because interested parties frequently attack this freedom when they fight over knowledge presented to the public. The authors draw on their experiences from the Norwegian scientific community to exemplify how problems of academic freedom may arise and eventually be solved.
Interesse- og verdikonflikter i skjæringspunktet mellom patentetikk og forskningsetikk
Authors: Braarud Hanssen Anders
Published: March 2019

With the increased importance of patenting in emerging science and technology, publically funded research has also become increasingly influenced by commercial interests. In the wake of such developments central concerns within research ethics and patent ethics has gained new relevance. However, this has not materialized in research and patent policy debates in Norway. This paper provides an argument for the relevance of the rekindling of patent and research policy issues related to ethical and societal concerns for public research institutions in Norway. Further, due to an increasingly technocratic decision-making model of the patent system, important ethical and societal issues are left unanswered by current policy. This paper will focus on two aspects of current patent policy and practice. Firstly, the increased importance of commercial interests in research policy during the last 30 years has changed the incentives of public research. Secondly, patent law and the patent system has established a particular decision-making framework for how ethical and societal aspects of patents are addressed, particularly within the biopatent areas. This is exemplified with the evaluation of the AquaBounty-case in the Ethics Committee for Patent Cases. Furthermore, I discuss the relevance of the ethical responsibility of Norwegian public research institutions in current patent policy and how a range of complex ethical and societal issues evade public attention.
Kunnskapsbasert forvaltning og dilemmaer knyttet til usikkerhet
Authors: Bjørkan Maiken , Hiis Hauge Kjellrun
Published: March 2019

Major value conflicts have been played out in the media about farmed salmon in Norway. One of the main controversies is whether salmon lice from aquaculture pens significantly affect the survival of wild salmon at stock level. Research related to this topic, which is key to knowledge-based management of aquaculture in Norway, has been criticized. The quality of this research has been claimed to be low and not applicable, and even claims of misconduct have been expressed. Besides conflicting interests, we argue that uncertainty is the core of the controversy. In this chapter we look at statements in selected texts from articles, reports and the media which can be linked to uncertainty and quality in research related to the effects of salmon lice. We discuss these statements in terms of qualitative aspects of uncertainty in knowledge. Further, we discuss the roles of these uncertainties in terms of selected principles within research ethics: in communication of uncertainty, the precautionary principle and quality of research.
Forskning for politikk: Om uavhengighet i direktoratsektoren
Authors: Andersen Gisle
Published: March 2019

This chapter analyzes the establishment of ecosystem-based petroleum management in Norway since 2001. Based on interviews with researchers involved in the processes and document analysis, it is argued that research has a much less autonomous role for policy development than the public debate presupposes. Rather than being a scientific corrective to policy, research is deeply intertwined with political decision-making and management processes. This is often the case when research is to inform policymakers. What is particular in this case, is the organization of research. The core research institutions are themselves hybrids, as the boundary between science and policy is drawn within these institutions. This way of organizing research is resource-effective, flexible and secure policy-relevant knowledge creation. However, it also reduces researchers’ autonomy, it puts limits on when and how they choose to participate in public debates, and it can create a false impression of knowledge consensus. The prevailing organization of research makes it easier to define policy decisions as “knowledge-based”, but at the same time potentially limits the quality of knowledge available to the public. Rather than asking for “purer” knowledge production, we need to discuss the consequences of different ways of organizing policy-relevant knowledge creation.