bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rehabilitation effect of water with low surface tension on the functional condition of the kidneys
Authors: Zaliavska O.V. , Antoniv A.A. , Kaushanska O.V. , Pavlyukovich N.D. , Nika O.M.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of low surface tension water load on the excretory function of kidneys and the urine surface tension compared to induced diuresis by ordinary tap water.
In the experiments on 40 white nonlinear male rats weighing 0.16–0.18 kg the effect of low surface tension water load (43 dyn/cm) was studied, which was obtained by treating tap water with coral calcium (Sango Coral, Okinawa, Japan). The excretory function of kidneys was studied under the conditions of water-induced diuresis and low surface tension water loading, for which the fluids in the amount of 5% of body weight were injected into the stomach of rats with the help of a metal probe with further urine collection after 2 hours. Urinary creatinine concentrations were determined based on the reaction with picric acid. Concentrations of sodium and potassium ions were studied by using flame photometry on PFP-1. The concentration of urinary protein was estimated by the method with sulphosalicylic acid. The urine pH as well as the concentrations of titratable acids and ammonia was determined. We calculated the excretion of potassium and sodium ions, protein, titratable acids, ammonia, and ammonium coefficient. The urine surface tension was determined by the Harkinson method of stalagmometric droplet counting, based on the determination of the weight of the droplet which is detached from the capillary due to gravity.
As a result of the experiments on 40 white nonlinear pubertal male rats with induced diuresis under low surface tension water load (43 dyn/cm) compared to conventional tap water (the surface tension is 73 dyn/cm) a systemic effect was found on inhibition of the surface tension of urine from 75.00±0.000 dynes/cm to 74.05±0.260 dyn/cm (p<0.01), a decrease in the loss of urinary protein from 0/36±0.0074 mg/2h×100g to 0.012±0.0024 mg/2h×100g (p<0.01), sodium ions and the presence of significant interdependencies between the urinary surface tension, the concentrations of sodium ions and urinary protein.
The low surface tension water load (43 dyn/cm) compared to the diuresis induced by ordinary tap water (surface tension 73 of dyn/cm) is characterized by the systemic impact along with the inhibition of the urine surface tension (p<0.01), reduction of urinary protein losses and presence of reliable interdependencies between the urine surface tension, concentrations of sodium ions and urinary protein. Thus, the use of water treated with the Coral-mine preparation may be recommended as a rehabilitation remedy with a view of improving the functional condition of the kidneys both in health and damaged tubules of the nephron.
MEDENÎ USÛL HUKUKUNDA HÜKMÜN TAMAMLANMASI (HMK m. 305/A)
Authors: BELGİN GÜNEŞ Derya
Published: April 2021

Türk hukukunda hükmün tamamlanması Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 305/A maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Mahkemenin, yargılamada ileri sürülmesine veya kendiliğinden hükme geçirilmesi gerekli olmasına rağmen hakkında tamamen veya kısmen karar vermediği hallerde, asıl karardaki bu eksiklikler sonradan tamamlanabilir. Hükmün tamamlanması için taraflardan birinin talebi gereklidir. Hükmün tamamlanması talebi mahkemece kabul edilirse, hüküm ek bir karar vermek suretiyle tamamlanır. Hükmün tamamlanması düzenlemesinin amacı, eksik olan nihaî kararların tamamlanmasını sağlamaktır. Hükmün tamamlanması yoluyla mahkeme kararının düzeltilmesi veya değiştirilmesi mümkün değildir. Hükmün tamamlanması eksik hükmü veren mahkemeden talep edilir. Bu yola dilekçe ile başvurulur. Mahkeme, kanundaki şartlar altında hükümde eksik bırakılmış bir husus olduğunu tespit ederse, tamamlama talebinin kabulüne karar verir. Hükmün tamamlanması talebinin mahkemece kabul edilmesi üzerine “tamamlayıcı hüküm” verilir. Tamamlama talebi, gerekli şartlara sahip değilse, mahkeme tamamlama talebinin reddine karar verir. Gerek tamamlama talebinin kabulü (tamamlayıcı hüküm) gerek tamamlama talebinin reddi kararları ek karar niteliğindedir. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 305/A maddesinin 1. fıkrasının 2. cümlesine göre, tamamlama talebi üzerine verilen kararlara karşı kanun yolları açıktır.
Who may use scarce water? An expedition into the normative basis of sustainable decision-making norms for sustainable water use
Authors: Schlattmann Anna , Teschner Na'ama , von Haaren Christina
Published: April 2021

Water is becoming an increasingly contested resource. Today, the sustainability of water use is assessed with different indicator frameworks that usually refer to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or other norms. Classifying international norms and the subsequent indicators for assessment according to their legitimacy will increase the practical relevance of assessment results. The classification will enable addressees to differentiate between mandatory obligations in water management and additional more ambitious targets for decisions on sustainable water distribution. This study presents 11 standards for sustainable water distribution which have been classified based on legitimacy and specificity. A literature review identified relevant international norms that were subsequently classified. Suggestions for the implementation of the standards and priorities in assessment methods are discussed. Through the new set of standards, assessment results can transparently be communicated to policymakers, NGOs and business and support them to identify their obligations for sustainable water use.
Continuous photocatalytic set-up assisted with nano TiO2 plate for tannery wastewater treatment
Authors: Shahbazi Reza , Pedram Mona Zamani
Published: April 2021

A novel photocatalytic continuous system has been proposed for the treatment of tannery waste water, which has high levels of environmental pollutants. The purification process was performed by passing wastewater on a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated surface, which is continuously activated by irradiation of ultraviolet light. To improve the yield of the process, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used as a coagulation agent. The organic and inorganic compounds, as well as the microorganisms in the tannery wastewater media, were degraded through a photocatalytic process. The results revealed that total dissolved solids and total suspended solids contents were significantly decreased from 8,450 and 8,990 mg·L−1 to 4,032 and 4,127 mg·L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand content of the sample was reduced from 370 to 50 mg·L−1 after the addition of 100 mL of FeCl3 and 4 h of treatment. The same results were observed for the elimination of sulfate and chromium ions, which led to a decline in electrical conductivity. This suggests that introducing 100 mL of FeCl3 as the coagulation agent and continuous treatment with photocatalityc set-up could be considered as an effective method for the purification of tannery wastewaters.
INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF RELIABILITY OF ONE-OFF SPACECRAFT
Authors: Kolobov A. Yu. , Dikoun E. V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. Many space technology products fall into the category of one-off (unique) or are manufactured in small batches of 3 to 5. In accordance with the regulatory documentation, the design and development activities in the space industry must involve quality assurance of products with interval estimation of dependability indicators. However, for one-off unique spacecraft that account for a fair share of the overall space industry product output, acquiring such estimates is associated with the problem of availability of original statistical data. That is due to the high cost of both the spacecraft itself and its testing, which does not allow testing large numbers of samples in the process of spacecraft development. In the context of restricted funding of the space industry, a practice has arisen that involves conduction each planned type of test on a single sample. The test samples have different configurations and versions of components (dimension and mass models, thermal analogues, etc.). In this case, it is impossible to acquire homogeneous statistical data in order to substantiate the compliance with the dependability requirements.

Results. The article proposes a method of interval estimation of the probability of no-failure of a one-off spacecraft based on the results of flight tests using a priori information acquired at the stage of pre-delivery and acceptance testing. The authors compare the feasibility of using computational, experimental or computational and experimental methods of spacecraft dependability indicators evaluation. As initial data, electric and radio engineering and thermal vacuum tests results of spacecraft flight model are used. The fact that only the electric and radio engineering tests results are taken into consideration is due to the dependability of spacecraft being primarily defined by the dependability of the electronic equipment. The scope of tests (normally, about 50 for each spacecraft) allows obtaining highly reliable and informative estimates. This method can also be used at the stage of operation in order to evaluate and supervise dependability, e.g. after a year of operation. The correctness of aggregation of the a priori information and the information obtained at the said stage is verified with Fisher’s Z-value.

Conclusions. The proposed method allows estimating pointwise values of probability of no-failure of one-off spacecraft, lower confidence bounds and mean-square deviation of the probability of no-failure at the stages of pre-delivery and acceptance testing, flight testing and operation using a priori information. An example is given of interval estimation of probability of no-failure of one-off spacecraft based on the results of flight operations using a priori information obtained at the stages of pre-delivery and acceptance testing.
SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS AND DEPENDABILITY
Authors: Netes V. A.
Published: April 2021

The Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an efficient and proven tool for regulation of the relations between the supplier and the user of services that is designed to ensure their quality. Such agreements are well known and successfully used in the information and communication industry. They are also applicable in other areas. Essentially, SLA stipulates certain requirements for the service level of which the fulfilment is guaranteed by the provider. In case of SLA violation the service provider is usually financially liable. As a rule, in such cases the user is remunerated with a discount for services provided in the following accounting period. Dependability requirements are an important part of the SLA. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize a wide range of experts from various industries with the general matters of SLA application and the aspects related to the dependability requirements specification. The paper refers to the relevant documents of international standardization organizations (ITU, ISO/IEC, ETSI, TMForum) and the Russian standards. Recommendations are given for selecting the dependability indicators and standard values to be included in the SLA, as well as for defining the amounts of compensation payed by service providers to the customers in case of non-compliance with requirements for the availability factor. The availability factor is normally used in the SLA as the primary dependability indicator that defines the allowable total time of non-operability over the specified base period. Additionally, a client might be interested in restricting the duration of each individual downtime as well. For that purpose, the guaranteed recovery time can also be specified and exceeding this time would be deemed an SLA violation. The choice of the standard values for inclusion in the SLA is a search for a compromise between the intent to satisfy the user requirements and the wish to get ahead of the competition on the one hand and the requirement to ensure the feasibility of the assumed obligations and minimize the risk of SLA violation that involve financial and reputational losses on the other hand. Therefore, before proposing an SLA to a customer, a service provider must thoroughly analyze its actual ability to make sure that the probability of SLA requirements violation is sufficiently low. The computational or computational and experimental methods are suggested for its evaluation. The amount of compensation for a violation depends on its gravity, i.e. the achieved and the standard values of an indicator. In practice, this relation is usually expressed with a step (piecewise constant) function. A formula is proposed that expresses the theoretical relation between the relative amount of compensation for violation of the availability factor requirements and the severity of violation and the standard value of this indicator. It can be used in defining the technically substantiated reference for SLA conditions development and assessment, of which the value will be relevant to both the service providers and users.
MEB Örgün Eğitimi Destekleme Ve Yetiştirme Kurslarının Matematik Öğretmenleri ve Öğrencileri Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ercan Selami , Kürkçü Çakar Ece
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı bünyesinde açılan örgün eğitimi destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarının matematik dersi bağlamında öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri ve beklentileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada karma yöntem yakınsayan desen uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya Doğu Karadeniz Bölğesinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı örgün eğitimi destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarında görev alan 15 matematik öğretmeni ve bu kurslara devam eden 376 ortaöğretim öğrencisi dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin görüşlerini belirlemek için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak bu görüşmeler kayıt altına alınmıştır ve öğrenciler için öğrenci görüşme formu uygulanmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu kurslara katılan öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre devamsızlık, kursların ücretsiz olması devamsızlığa neden olduğunu, 12. Sınıflar için ATY ve TYT sınavlarına hazılık, arasınıflar için dersteki eksiklikleri tamamlama ve öğrencinin matematiğe karışı motivasyonunu artırma, kurslardan verim alınabilmesi için kurslara belirli düzenlemelerin gelmesini ifade etmektedirler. Destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarının okuldaki derslere destek anlamında yeterli olduğu fakat merkezi sınavlara hazırlanması konusunda yeteri kadar desteklemediği katılımcılar tarafından belirtilmiştir. Destekleme ve yetiştirme kursların MEB tarafından sunulan kaynakların katılımcılar tarafından yetersiz olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Katılımcı öğrenciler kurs saatlerinin az olduğunu, derslerin hızlı işlendiği, sınıfların kalabalık olduğu, kurslarda seviye gruplarının oluşturulması, sadece soru çözümünün değilde eksik konuların saptanıp o konuların tekrar anlatılmasını, 11.sınıf öğrencileri kursların derse takviye amaçlı değil ATY-TYT sınava yönelik de olmasıgerektiğinin ifade etmektediler. Destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarının okuldaki derslere destek anlamında yeterli olduğu fakat merkezi sınavlara hazırlanması konusunda yeteri kadar desteklemediği katılımcılar tarafından belirtilmiştir. Destekleme ve yetiştirme kursların MEB tarafından sunulan kaynakların katılımcılar tarafından yetersiz olduğu ifade edilmiştir.
Metabolic Activation of Retrorsine may Disrupt Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mice through the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Pang Xiaoyan , Tang Chongzhuang , Cao Peng , Zhou Lei , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: April 2021

Background:

The hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were reported to increase bile acid (BA)
levels in the rat. However, it is still unclear whether the production of highly reactive dehydropyrrolizidine through
CYP450s is directly relevant to BA changes.

Objective:

To further explore the mechanism by which metabolic activation of PAs induced BA changes, the effect
of impaired or enhanced metabolic activation on the BA profiling and BA-related synthesis and to investigate transport
genes, and explore the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway.

Methods:

Blood and liver samples were collected after intragastrical administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine or saline
for seven days in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 KO mice. CYP450 inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), or gammaglutamylcysteine
synthetase inhibitor, L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) were employed in WT mice. Retrorsineinduced
hepatotoxicity was evaluated by a biochemical method and H&E staining method. Serum BAs were quantified
by high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Blood pyrrole-protein adducts
were semi quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The
gene and protein expression of BA-related transporters and enzymes in the liver were measured by a quantitative
real-time PCR method and western blotting method.

Results:

The BA concentrations in serum were increased in the retrorsine-treated WT mice, along with the upregulation
of BA transporters, Ostβ, Mrp3, Mrp4, and Mrp2. When ABT was co-administered, the altered BA levels
and Mrp4 mRNA and protein levels were reversed, accompanied by a 50% reduction of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-
hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP) formation. When BSO was co-administered, serum BAs were not further
increased, but Ostβ, Mrp3, Mrp4 mRNA, and Mrp4 protein levels continuously increased. The induction of Mrp4 by
retrorsine among the tested BA transporters was the only one that was abolished or enhanced in the presence of ABT
or BSO. The Nrf2 protein levels in the nucleus increased in the retrorsine-treated WT mice, which were remarkably
repressed by co-administration of ABT and enhanced by co-administration of BSO. In Nrf2 KO mice receiving retrorsine,
the bile acids and the mRNA and protein levels of Mrp2, Mrp3, Mrp4, and Ostβ were hardly changed, indicating
the direct role of Nrf2 in retrorsine-induced BA changes in WT mice.

Conclusion:

The activation of Nrf2 translocation by forming the reactive metabolite of PAs induced the expressions
of BA transporters and changed serum BA levels. Mrp4 was a sensitive biomarker for the perturbation of redox
status caused by the formation of dehydropyrrolizidine.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxynaphthyl Pyrazolines Containing Isoniazid Moiety:
A Potential Antitubercular Agent
Authors: Kottapalle Gajanan , Deshmukh Nagesh , Shinde Avinash
Published: April 2021

The new series of pyrazolines derivatives containing isoniazid moiety were synthesized from
2-hydroxynaphthyl functionalized chalcones and isoniazid using sodium hydroxide as a base in 2-
ethoxy ethanol. We evaluated their antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain
(H37Rv) by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Some of the tested compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c,
were found to have higher antitubercular activity than the selected standard drugs, whereas compounds
3d, 3e, 3i and 3j were found to have higher antitubercular activity than Streptomycin and same as that
of Pyrazinamide and Ciprofloxacin, while remaining compound showed moderate activity. Whereas it
is found that the disubstituted halogen compound and electron-withdrawing group on the phenyl ring
are important substitutions for an increase in antitubercular activity.
Antioxidant and ROS Inhibitory Activities of Heterocyclic 2-Aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Perveen Shahida , Saad Syed Muhammad , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal
Published: April 2021

Background:

Antioxidants are small molecules that prevent or delay the process of
oxidations caused by highly reactive free radicals. These molecules are known for their ability to
protect various cellular architecture and other biomolecules from oxidative stress and free radicals.
Thus, antioxidants play a key role in the prevention of oxidative damages caused by highly reactive
free radicals.

Methods:

In the present study, a series of previously synthesized heterocyclic 2-aryl-4(3H)-
quinazolinone derivatives 1-25 were screened for antioxidant activity by employing in vitro DPPH
and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. ROS inhibitory activities were also evaluated
by serum-opsonized zymosan activated whole blood phagocytes and isolated neutrophils.
Cytotoxicity studies were carried out by employing an MTT assay against the 3T3 cell line.

Results:

Most of the 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives showed potent antioxidant activities in
superoxide anion radical scavenging assay with IC50 value ranging between 0.57 μM - 48.93 μM,
as compared to positive control quercetin dihydrate (IC50 = 94.1 ± 1.1 μM ). Compounds 5, 6, and
14 showed excellent activity in DPPH assay. Compounds 5-8, 12-15, 17, and 20 showed promising
activities in the ROS inhibition assay. All compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic against the
3T3 cell line. Structure antioxidant activity has been established.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that most of the heterocyclic 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone
derivatives 1-25 are identified as promising antioxidant agents that are capable of fighting against
free radicals and oxidative stress. Thus, they can serve as a lead towards treating oxidative stress and
related pathologies.
Design, Synthesis, Computational and Biological Evaluation of Two New Series of 1, 3- and 1,6-dihydroxy Xanthone Derivatives as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Gogoi Urvashee , Das Aparoop , Pathak Manash Pratim , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Johari Surabhi
Published: April 2021

Background:

Over the years, the xanthone nucleus has been serving as an interesting
scaffold for the design of derivatives aiming at anti-inflammatory drug development.

Objective:

The objective of the current work was to design and synthesize two series of novel 3-
(5'-substituted pentyloxy)-1-hydroxy xanthone & 6-(5'-substituted pentyloxy)-1-hydroxy xanthone
derivatives. The designed compounds were examined in vivo for anti-inflammatory activity. The
effect of the synthesized xanthone derivatives on the serum expression of IL-10 and TNF-α was
evaluated to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Method:

The title compounds were virtually designed and screened for ADME/T properties and
docked onto the COX-2 protein. The synthesis of the xanthone derivatives was achieved by the
condensation of salicylic acid derivatives and a suitable phenol in the presence of a mixture of
phosphorus pentoxide–methanesulfonic acid as an acylation catalyst. The compounds were
evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method and
serum expression of cytokines was evaluated using ELISA assays.

Results:

The selected compounds exhibited docking scores ranging between -10.7 to -6.8
(Kcal/mol), respectively, as compared with standard Celecoxib (-7.9 Kcal/mol) and the nonselective
COX inhibitor Indomethacin (-6.4 Kcal/mol). Among the tested compounds, 9u has
shown the highest activity with 65.6 % reduction in edema (69.8% for Celecoxib). Immunoassay
results showed a significant drop in serum TNF-α and an elevation in serum IL-10.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight that some of the synthesized xanthone derivatives displayed
marked anti-inflammatory activity, which can be further investigated to render efficient and novel
non-ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory agents.
Biological Evaluation, Isolation, and Characterization of Novel Polyphenol
Derivatives fromSchleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken as Anti-diabetic Agents
Authors: Muthukrishnan Soundararajan , Sivakkumar Thillai , Anbiah Vigil
Published: April 2021

Background:

The treatment of diabetes involves insulin and many different oral hypoglycemic
drugs. In chronic disease conditions, medications potentially lose viability. Therefore,
searching for more effective and safer natural anti-diabetic agents has continued to be an important
area of investigation

Objective:

The present study aims to investigate the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Schleichera
oleosa (S. oleosa) on diabetic rats and isolate and characterize the active compound from
an effective extract.

Method:

The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were administered orally (200 and 400 mg/kg, for 28
days) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effects, OGTT, alteration
in body weight, lipid profile, biochemical parameters, hepatic enzymes, and histopathological
examination were assessed. Afterwards, the active constituents of the effective extract were isolated
using column chromatography, and the preliminary structural features were investigated by FTIR,
1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC/MS.

Results:

The extracts treated rats showed a significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level
(FBGL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and stress markers (MDA, SGOT, SGPT),
and a significant increase was observed in the concentrations of HDL and bodyweight when compared
to the diabetic rat. Furthermore, the extract restored the altered level of antioxidant enzymes
and glucose metabolizing hepatic key enzymes. Histopathological evaluation of the pancreas revealed
the regeneration of the β-cells in diabetic rats, which was earlier necrosed by streptozotocin.
In this study, an active constituent SMK/SO/01 was isolated from the effective ethanolic extract,
and further spectral studies confirmed it as belonging to the polyphenolic category.

Conclusion:

These findings provide scientific evidence that SMK/SO/01 has the potential to be a
potential drug candidate for diabetes mellitus and complications induced by the disease. Also, these
results prove that ethanolic extract of S. oleosa leaves exerts effective anti-diabetic activity,
which provides scientific backing for folklore medicine.
Significance of Inorganic Nitrate Supplement in Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Dudhe Rupesh , Dudhe Anshu C. , Raut Shravan D.
Published: April 2021

Background & Objectives:

Nitric Oxide (NO) is frequently produced by the enzyme nitric
oxide synthase (NOS) and is crucial for the control and effectiveness of the cardiovascular system.
However, there is a substantial reduction in NOS activity with aging that can lead to the development
of hypertension and other cardiovascular obstacles. Fortunately, NO can also be produced
by sequential reduction of inorganic nitrates supplementation. This proves that NO from inorganic
nitrate supplements can compensate for inadequate NOS activity, thus providing cardio protective
benefits.

Discussion:

This review focuses on the general information about nitrous oxide, its types and
mechanism of action and the fact that overview of inadequate NOS activity for cardio protective
benefits was often studied for cardiovascular treatments.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the natural plant NO is essential for cardiovascular activity to target
site with desired concentration. Moreover, the researchers focused on evidence that suggested
that nitrate supplementation could help regulate blood pressure, limit progression of atherosclerosis,
and improve myocardial contractility in both healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular
diseases.
Meat production of young and adult Kejobong goats fed diets with different protein concentration
Authors: Purnami Nuning Ari , Purbowati Endang , Rianto Edy
Published: April 2021

This study was aimed to examine the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on carcass and meat production in young and adult Kejobong goats. This study used 8 young (5 months) and 8 adult (9 months) Kejobong goats; which were allocated to a randomized nested design, with an age of goat as the nest, and treatment applied was dietary protein concentration (T1: 9.96%; T2: 14.66%). The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI), body weight gain (BWG), and the production of carcass meat. The results showed that the DMI of adult goats (910 g/d) was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (680 g/d). The goats fed diet T2 had higher (P<0.05) DMI, CPI, and BWG (855 g, 140 g, and 94 g/d, respectively) than those of T1 (725 g/d, 80 g/d, and 59 g/d). Slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass meat weight, and carcass meat percentage of adult goats (28.09 kg, 13.19 kg, 8.60 kg and 64.94%, respectively) were higher (P <0.05) than those of young goats (20.06 kg, 8.72 kg, 5.46 kg, and 62.06%, respectively). The weight and percentage of carcass meat of T2 (8.30 kg and 64.99%, respectively) were higher (P<0.05) than those of T1 (5.75 kg and 62.06%, respectively). The meat-bone ratio of adult goats was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (3.53 vs 2.85). The meat-bone ratio of T2 (3.58) was higher (P<0.05) than that of T1 (2.80). It was concluded that adult Kejobong goats produced more meat than the young ones, and the goat-fed diet with 14.66% CP produced more meat than that with 9.96% CP.
Editorial
Authors: Koga Natalia Massako , Machado Raphael Amorim , Gomide Alexandre de Avila , Filgueiras Fernando , Ramesh M
Published: April 2021

This special issue of the Public Service Journal (RSP) brings together papers on building policy capacity for development within the Brazilian context. Starting from a broad and integrated understanding of development, which is not restricted to the context of the economic sphere, this compilation presents analyses that discuss issues relevant to the current national agenda. The accumulated imbalance of 'capacities' in various policy areas, the challenges of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, the peculiarities of capacity mobilization in the local context, and the intersection between capacities and governance are some of the topics debated in this publication.

 It is worth mentioning that this publication is a result of the debate promoted during the International Workshop on Building Capable States for Development in Latin America, held in São Paulo in December 2018 - an event promoted in a partnership between the National University of Singapore (NUS), the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV/EAESP), and the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA). Thus, the papers presented in this special issue have been examined and discussed previously among Brazilian and international academics dedicated to the study of state capacities. The aim of publishing these papers in English is to continue to promote this sort of dialogue in international debates on the field of public policy.
On a fuzzy metric space and fuzzy convergence
Authors: Khalaf Alias B. , Abdulqader Maha W.
Published: April 2021

In this paper we introduce a new type of fuzzy metric space and obtain several properties of it. Also some topological properties and boundedness are investigated. The notion of convergence of fuzzy sequences together with the notion of fuzzy cauchy sequences in a fuzzy metric space are discussed and some basic results related to these notions are investigated.
On the near surface momentum balance in the Yucatán Channel
Authors: Marín M. , Candela J. , Sheinbaum J. , Ochoa J. , Badan A.
Published: April 2021

Se analizó el balance horizontal de momento en la capa superior de Canal de Yucatán para un periodo de 22 meses de septiembre de 1999 a junio de 2001, usando datos de corrientes superficiales de mediciones de ADCPs de ocho anclajes localizados a través del canal, datos de presión de mediciones de sensores de presión a ambos lados del canal, vientos de QUICKSCAT y datos de altimetría de AVISO. El balance promedio entre Isla Mujeres, México, y Cabo San Antonio, Cuba, (a través del canal) es básicamente geostrófico con contribuciones de los términos ageostroficos, en particular de la fricción contra la capa inferior y en menor grado el flujo de Ekman en la superficie. Los términos advectivos así como el término de la aceleración local parecen no tener importancia en el balance promediado de lado a lado del canal. Es interesante notar que a lo largo del canal el balance promedio es principalmente geostrófico mientras que la fricción lineal, el flujo de Ekman, así como los términos de aceleración local y advectivos permanecen sin importancia. Realizando un análisis del balance de anclaje a anclaje a través del canal se encontró que en la zona donde la corriente de Yucatán oscila, los términos advectivos con derivadas en la dirección a través del canal si contribuyen significativamente al balance dinámico. Se obtuvieron FEOs de las anomalías del nivel del mar de altimetría y de los primeros 90 metros del flujo a lo largo del canal encontrando que existe relación entre ellos donde los primero modos (altimetría y flujo) parecen estar relacionados con la variabilidad del transporte a través del canal y también están asociados con el gradiente de presión a lo largo del canal y la oscilación del núcleo de la corriente, sugiriendo que existe una considerable interacción de remolinos con la corriente en el Canal.
Comparison of elevation heights ussing a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and a Total Station
Authors: Marín L. E. , Balcazar M. , Ortiz M. , Steinich B. , Hernández-Espriu J. A.
Published: April 2021

Diferencias en elevación en un juego de 12 puntos diferentes fue determinado utilizando dos técnicas diferentes: estacional total y un sistema de GPS diferencial (utilizando tres receptores con tiempos de ocupación de 90 minutos por estación). Una comparativa entre los dos juegos de valores de la elevación dan una diferencia que varía de dos a 36 mm para una línea base de máximo 2,420 metros de distancia. Estos resultados demuestran que los levantamientos utilizando el sistema GPS diferencial pueden ser utilizados para realizar nivelaciones utilizando dicha técnica.
Ionospheric evidence of the May 1960 earthquake over Concepción?
Authors: Foppiano A. J. , Ovalle E. M. , Bataille K. , Stepanova M.
Published: April 2021

Por muchos años se ha estudiado la relación entre actividad sísmica y cambios ionosféricos asociados. En particular, se ha considerado como una meta específica la posibilidad de identificar precursores ionosféricos por su eventual valioso uso práctico. En este artículo se analiza primero las observaciones de la foF2 hechas sobre Concepción (36.8°S; 73.0°W), antes de los dos grandes terremotos de Chile del 21 y 22 de mayo de 1960, usando el mismo procedimiento de Chuo et al. (2002) para el terremoto de Taiwan de septiembre de 1999. Luego, se muestra el resultado de analizar los valores de la foF2 de dos maneras diferentes, esto es, usando variaciones diarias de referencia calculadas directamente para días geomagnéticamente quietos, y usando un modelo de las dependencias conocidas de la foF2 con la actividad solar y geomagnética para Concepción (Arriagada y Foppiano, 1999). Se muestra que las conclusiones sobre precursores ionosféricos dependen del análisis de los valores observados de la foF2 que se use.
Mexican Virtual Solar Observatory: hydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of CMEs
Authors: Santillán A. , Hernández-Cervantes L. , González-Ponce A.
Published: April 2021

El concepto de Observatorio Virtual Solar (VSO, por sus siglas en inglés) está asociado a una serie de herramientas computacionales que nos ayudan a investigar, manipular y analizar datos observacionales vinculados al Sol que se encuentran distribuidos alrededor del mundo (Hill 2000). Un VSO no solamente proporciona un eficiente y rápido acceso a los datos solares existentes, sino que representa una poderosa herramienta para realizar simulaciones numéricas para estudiar la evolución de una variedad de fenómenos asociados a la actividad solar. En este trabajo presentamos una descripción del modelo numérico que utiliza el Observatorio Virtual Solar Mexicano (MVSO, por sus siglas en inglés) para realizar simulaciones hidrodinámicas remotas para estudiar la evolución de CMEs en el medio interplanetario.
Geomagnetic disturbances analysis using discrete wavelets
Authors: Zossi de Artigas M. , Fernandez de Campra P. , Zotto E. M.
Published: April 2021

Para estudiar periodicidades y tendencia en tormentas geomagnéticas se aplicó la transformada wavelet discreta, usando la función Daubechies. De entre una variedad de técnicas disponibles para analizar variabilidad, el análisis wavelets ha surgido en la última década como una herramienta estadística útil para este propósito. En el presente análisis se usó el número de tormentas geomagnéticas desde 1957 al 2004. El análisis wavelets se aplicó a tormentas con diferentes intensidades. Para identificar tormentas geomagnéticas se usó el índice ecuatorial Dst. La tendencia durante el período analizado no es uniforme, con mínimos alrededor de los años 1965 y 2000, y un máximo alrededor de 1990. Se han detectado diferentes periodicidades. Su comportamiento no es regular a lo largo del período analizado. Se discuten posibles causas para la variabilidad observada.
Magnetic characteristics and archeointensity determination on Mesoamerican Pre-Columbian Pottery from Quiahuiztlan, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: López Téllez J. M. , Aguilar Reyes B. , Morales J. , Goguitchaichvili A. , Calvo Rather M. , Urrutia Fucugauchi J.
Published: April 2021

We report a detailed archeomagnetic investigation on pre-Columbian potteries from Quiahuiztlan, Veracruz, from ~900 AD to 1521 AD. Archeological samples analyzed by modern magnetic techniques carry a stable univectorial thermoremanent magnetization under alternating field treatment. Continuous low-field susceptibility vs. temperature curves performed in air indicates Ti-poor titanomagnetites as magnetization carriers. Few samples, however, show two ferrimagnetic phases with Curie temperatures compatible with both Ti-poor and Ti-rich titanomagnetites. Hysteresis parameter ratios fall essentially in the pseudo-single-domain region, which may indicate a mixture of multi-domain and a significant amount of single domain grains. Early geomagnetic field intensity determinations using the Coe variant of Thellier method were performed on 90 selected samples. Cooling rate corrected intensity values range from 34.0 ± 1.2 to 62.2 ± 0.2 ?T. Corresponding virtual axial dipole moments (VADM) range from 5.7 to 10.7 x1022 Am2. Absolute intensity curves for Mesoamerica present limited spa-tial/temporal resolution. For tentative dating purposes, we used global archeointensity curves reduced to central and eastern Mexico that permit preliminary dating of Quiahuiztlan potteries. Comparison of our data against those reported in ArcheoInt database allow to identify two periods 900- 1000 and 1400-1600 AD as the most probable manufacturing ranges for the pot- teries studied.
Tephrochronological evidence for the late Holocene eruption history of El Chichón Volcano, Mexico
Authors: Nooren C. A. M. , Hoek W.Z. , Tebbens L. A. , Martin Del Pozzo A. L.
Published: April 2021

Las sociedades prehispánicas de las zonas bajas Mayas fueron afectadas en repetidas ocasiones por la caída de ceniza de las erupciones del Volcán El Chichón, Chiapas, México. Los horizontes de tefra del Holoceno Tardío se preservaron en los sedimentos deltaicos del Río Usumacinta-Grijalva, aproximadamente 150 km al NNE del volcán. Un núcleo de sedimentos del delta que cubre los últimos 2100 años, fue examinado para tefra, polen, polimorfos y macrofósiles. Se utilizaron la tefracronología y palinología para reconstruir la temporalidad, magnitud, e impacto de las erupciones pasadas. Siete de los diez horizontes de tephra reconocidos se relacionaron a las erupciones pasadas del Volcán El Chichón y muestran el fuerte impacto de las erupciones. Una gran erupción ocurrida alrededor de A.D. 539 produjo un efecto dramático en el núcleo del área de la civilización Maya y posiblemente fue la causa del Hiatus Maya y del desplazamiento demográfico hacia el Delta del Usumacinta-Grijalva. Esta erupción también parece haber provocado cambios ambientales repentinos a nivel mundial.
Geochemistry and tectonic controls of the effusive activity related with the ancestral Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia
Authors: Borrero C. , Toro L. M. , Alvarán M. , Castillo H.
Published: April 2021

Los aspectos geoquímicos y el marco tectónico de la actividad efusiva del período Ruiz Ancestral (2.0 a 1.0 Ma) del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz (VNR) son discutidos en este artículo. El VNR se localiza a 4° 50-55’ N y 75° 14-20’ W y se eleva a 5,390 msnm, en el sector más septentrional de la cadena volcánica andina en la Cordillera Central (Colombia). Datos químicos de roca total en muestras de andesitas y riodacitas de los diferentes sitios de emisión reportados comparten características específicas: SiO2 = 56 y 70.1% en peso, relativamente altos de MgO y medios de K2O; proporciones bajas de FeO/MgO: < 1.9 patrones de contenidos elementos de tierras raras poco fraccionados, bajo contenido de Y y REE pesadas; Sr entre 500 y 1,000 ppm y Ba hasta 1,600 ppm. Las proporciones de K/Rb muestran correlación negativa con SiO2 y con Rb, lo cual sugiere procesos de asimilación y cristalización fraccionada (ACF). Las proporciones de Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr y Rb/Ba muestran correlación positiva con SiO2, típicas de tendencias calcoalcalinas, sólo las suites más ácidas presentan un marcado carácter adaquítico. Durante el período Ruiz Ancestral, la falla de Villa María-Termales (N75ÂºW) controló el emplazamiento de magmas al occidente del eje volcánico N-S, evidenciado por el alineamiento paralelo de pequeños volcanes monogenéticos con el sistema de fallas, los cuales fueron alimentados lateralmente por flujos de magma desde el sistema de almacenamiento intermedio localizado entre 5 y 10 km por debajo de la posición del actual Volcán Nevado del Ruiz.
A general model for tectonic control of magmatism: Examples from Long Valley Caldera (USA) and El Chichón (México)
Authors: Bursik M.
Published: April 2021

La relación entre la presencia de volcanes, el marco tectónico regional y la dinámica de los temblores es muy estrecha. Sabemos que las erupciones son a menudo disparadas por temblores y que los volcanes generalmente se levantan a lo largo o cerca de grandes fallas, o en medio de provincias que han experimentado alto grado de fallamiento. En general se ha observado que el volcanismo bimodal basáltico-reolítico está asociado a un marco extensional, probablemente debido a la creación en los mismos de espacios de acomodamiento. Para volcanes intermedios en un arco volcánico el régimen tectónico es generalmente compresional o transpresional. Para Long Valley el patrón espacial de fallamiento indica que su generación fue facilitada por la relajación debida a un doblez en el sistema transtensional de fallas frente-de-sierra-coordillera. El patrón temporal en la taza de corrimiento sugiere que la zona de mayor actividad ha migrado con el tiempo hacia el NW y se encuentra ahora enfocado en los cráteres Mono-Inyo. El arco volcánico mexicano del Sur presenta un ejemplo de la coexistencia entre volcanes y estructuras compresionales y transpresionales. El corrimiento entre estructuras regionales ofrece la oportunidad para que se de el movimiento del magma y su eventual erupción, en una especie de bombeo de fluidos a través de fallas dinámicas. Tanto cinemática como dinámicamente, la actividad volcánica puede ser completamente dependiente de factores tectónicos para la acumulación, el almacenamiento y la erupción del magma.
Multi-scale analysis of well-logging data in petrophysical and stratigraphic correlation
Authors: Coconi-Morales E. , Ronquillo-Jarillo G. , Campos-Enríquez J. O.
Published: April 2021

Determinación de los límites locales de una columna estratigráfica (por ejemplo relacionados con ambientes de depósito) representan en particular una gran contribución al análisis y caracterización de yacimientos petroleros. En este marco general, las Transformadas de Ondícula, continua y discreta, son aplicadas a datos de registros geofísicos de pozos de un área productora de aceite en el Golfo de México, con el propósito de encontrar periodicidades o ciclos y correlacionarlos con las características litológicas y estratigráficas de los ambientes asociados. Un análisis multiescala de registros geofísicos de pozos (rayos gama, resistividad y potencial espontáneo) fue realizado basado en la transformada de ondicular. En particular los coeficientes ondiculares fueron determinados. El análisis de los escalogramas-espectrogramas permitió obtener pseudolongitudes de onda características para cada escala (frecuencias). Las pseudolongitudes de onda fueron asociadas con posibles periodicidades o periodos deposicionales (ciclos climáticos de Milankovitch) del área de estudio. El caso presentado muestra que el análisis ondicular es una técnica complementaria de gran ayuda para la caracterización de yacimientos, particularmente en la localización de secuencias estratigráficas y de las facies asociadas.
Some new theoretical considerations about the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves in the light of site-effect studies in Israel and Mexico
Authors: Malischewsky P. G. , Zaslavsky Y. , Gorstein M. , Pinsky V. , Tran T. T. , Scherbaum F. , Flores Estrella H.
Published: April 2021

La amplificación del movimiento del terreno, como resultado de la presencia de suelos blandos, es un fenómeno común en áreas urbanas y bien identificado como un factor que incrementa el daño y el número de pérdidas humanas. Por otro lado, para el análisis de la amenaza sísmica, el estudio de la elipticidad de las ondas de Rayleigh se ha hecho más popular en el contexto del uso de registros de vibraciones ambientales, además, los resultados pueden ser usados en la inversión de la estructura de velocidades. Los efectos de sitio normalmente pueden ser modelados a partir de un perfil de velocidades simple, dado el alto contraste de impedancias en la estructura somera del subsuelo. Por lo tanto, el análisis y el entendimiento de las implicaciones de un modelo tan simple como una capa sobre un semiespacio (LOH, por sus siglas en inglés) son de suma importancia, no sólo teórica sino también práctica. Adicionalmente, para registros de vibraciones ambientales todavía no se cuenta con un modelo teórico que explique de manera satisfactoria los resultados de los cocientes espectrales H/V; un punto de inicio sobre la elipticidad de las ondas Rayleigh es la fórmula exacta propuesta por Malischewsky y Scherbaum (2004). Es possible mostrar que un modelo tan simple como LOH puede producir una gran variedad de curvas H/V-versus-frecuencia y mostramos como ejemplo las curvas H/V con más de un máximo para los casos de Israel y de México. Este fenómeno se atribuye a la contribución de capas adicionales, esto es, que el primer máximo se asocia con la frecuencia de resonancia de la primera capa y los máximos secundarios se asocian con las frecuencias de resonancia de capas más profundas. Demostramos que con un modelo LOH obtenemos dos máximos, para ciertos valores del módulo de Poisson. Sin embargo, este modelo simple no puede explicar las curvas experimentales consideradas, para las que posiblemente se requieran perfiles de velocidades más complejos y modos de propagación superiores. Estas consideraciones pueden implicar restricciones para los valores del módulo de Poisson, que normalmente no se toman en consideración. En conclusión, estas investigaciones analíticas y semi-analíticas son indispensables para un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento de la elipticidad de las ondas de Rayleigh en su uso para estudios de efectos de sitio.