bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of volatility spillovers among Russian economy sectors
Authors: Kudryavtseva Yu. V. , Mirzoyan A. G.
Published: December 2024

Volatility is an indicator of the risk existing in the economy, and its volume characterizes the magnitude of risks transmitted from one sector to another. The objective of the study is to determine the dynamics of volatility spillovers among sectors of the Russian economy during crisis periods and classify sectors into shock transmitters and shock receivers. The daily returns of the Moscow Exchange sector indices for 2018-2023 acted as data. The Diebold-Yilmaz methodology based on the VAR model is used to determine the dynamics of volatility spillovers. The study has revealed that the nature of volatility spillovers differs in the pre-crisis period, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and during the special military operation (SMO). The financial sector is a source of volatility spillovers in the first and the last periods. During the pandemic, the oil and gas and transport sectors become volatility receivers. During the period of the SMO, the metallurgy and petrochemical sectors act as receivers of volatility spillovers, while the consumer goods and financial sectors act as their sources.
Analysis of the Application Effect of Multimedia Teaching in Vocal Music Courses in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Jia Ru
Published: December 2024

This article explores the application effect of multimedia teaching in vocal music courses in colleges and universities, analyzes its positive impact on students’ learning interest, skill mastery, self-learning ability, and other aspects, as well as its promoting effect on teachers’ teaching quality and diversified teaching methods. At the same time, it also pointed out some problems and challenges in the investment of technical equipment, integration of teaching content, and information literacy of students. Through specific case analysis, this article aims to provide reference for the multimedia teaching reform of vocal music courses in colleges and universities.
On the Ambiguity in Virginia Woolf's Novel To the Lighthouse from the Perspective of Dual Narrative Procession
Authors: Yu Qiong
Published: December 2024

The characteristic of ambiguity in the novels of the modernist, Virginia Woolf has always been a focus of attention, and the ambiguity in her works has achieved Woolf's aesthetic art and political concerns. This paper finds that the overt plot of Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse contains contradiction between anti-patriarchy and nostalgia for the Victorian era, while the incompatibility of the text hides the covert progression of modern nostalgia. The reasons for the emergence of the ambiguity of dual narrative dynamics are related to the writer's rich creative intentions, Woolf’s reader concepts, and free indirect discourse and other ambiguous elements. At the same time, this paper points out that dual narrative progression is an important part of the ambiguity in Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse. It depends and promotes with other ambiguous elements. Therefore, re-examining the ambiguity in To the Lighthouse from the perspective of dual narrative progression can not only reveal the literary value of Woolf's works more deeply but also help to explore the poetics of ambiguity in modernist novels.
“A Triumph of the Gaze over the Eye”: Gaze in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Nino Ricci’s Lives of the Saints
Authors: Wang Yiming
Published: December 2024

Situated in a relatively claustrophobic environment, both Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Nino Ricci’s Lives of the Saints traces the dynamics between particular individuals and the community as a whole. Using the concept of “gaze” as a key, and employing Foucault and Lacan’s theorization concerning that concept, this essay seeks to unravel the struggle characters in both novels go through, and argue that while Lives of the Saints hangs in an irresolvable liminal space on its way breaking out of the Semiotic into the Symbolic, the history, The Scarlet Letter is a journey from the Symbolic into the Real, where ego could rest unhurt beyond any sense of lack.
“Su Shi and Henan”: Exploration and Practice of Contemporary Little Theater Drama
Authors: Cheng Siyi
Published: December 2024

As an imported form from the West, the development of “Little Theater” in China is also drawing lessons from the development concept of drama art in the world, so as to clarify the development direction and future of little theater drama in China. Su Shi and Henan, a 30-minute drama tells the origin of Su Shi and Henan from a brand-new perspective, mainly employing the stage assumption, which can be regarded as a successful practice in expression historical figures,especially in contemporary Little Theater.
The Reconstruction of Human Self-consciousness in Marx's Doctoral Dissertation
Authors: Zhang Jingruo
Published: December 2024

Marx's doctoral dissertation has drawn significant attention from Marxist scholars due to its subversive evaluation of late ancient Greek philosophy, particularly Epicureanism, and its influence on Marx's later thought. This paper focuses on Marx's view of self-consciousness in his dissertation, pointing out that Marx's concept not only inherits but also innovates upon the ideas of Hegel and the Young Hegelians.
Study on the Cultivation Mechanism of Integrity Awareness among Medical Students in Medical Colleges under the Perspective of Micro-video Communication — Taking Promoting the Spirit of Red Medical Workers in the New Era as an Example
Authors: Zhu Yan , Tang Yanghua , Li Hancheng , Xing Yanfei
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the mechanisms for cultivating integrity awareness among medical students in medical colleges, specifically through the lens of micro-video communication. By promoting the spirit of Red Medical Workers—a significant part of China’s revolutionary heritage — this research aims to enhance the cultural quality education of medical students. This paper focuses on the integration of micro-video communication in educational practices through a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research and proposes effective strategies, ultimately contributing to the broader objective of fostering ethical medical professionals in the new era.
Analysis of the Current Legislative Status of Alliance Cities for the World Heritage Nomination of "Maritime Silk Road · Chinese Historical Sites"
Authors: Cai Hua
Published: December 2024

This paper analyzes the current status of heritage protection legislation in the alliance cities for the World Heritage nomination of "Maritime Silk Road · Chinese Historical Sites," identifying the primary issues present in the legal protection practices for these heritage sites. The study aids in harmonizing legislative efforts among the alliance cities, promoting comprehensive protection and the nomination of the "Maritime Silk Road · Chinese Historical Sites" as a World Cultural Heritage.
Positive Discourse Analysis of TED Artificial Intelligence Education Speech Under Attitude System
Authors: Gao Xiaoge
Published: December 2024

Taking attitude resources under evaluation theory as the theoretical framework, this paper selected a TED speech titled "How Artificial Intelligence Can Save Education (instead of Destroying It)" as the Corpus for positive discourse analysis, and used the data analysis software UAM Corpus Tool 3.3 to conduct a quantitative analysis of the distribution of evaluation resources for this speech. And through the qualitative analysis of speech discourse to explore the speech delivered by the positive information. The study found that the speech used a wealth of attitude resources, of which emotional resources were the most used, reflecting the speaker's affirmation of artificial intelligence education and positive attitude towards the development of artificial intelligence education.
HADITH AL-MACHADI (1689-1770) AND HIS MANUSCRIPT COLLECTION
Authors: Abdulmajidov Ramazan S. , Anikeeva Tatiana A. , Shekhmagomedov Magomed G.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an overview of the private manuscript collection of Hadis al-Machadi (1689–1770), examined and partially digitized during the archaeographic expedition funded by the RSF grant No. 22-18-00295 “Electronic library of Arabic-language manuscripts from archival, library, museum and private collections of Russia” in the summer of 2023. The collection, notable for its thematic and chronological diversity, spans several centuries and encompasses materials in Arabic from various sources, including manuscripts directly associated with Hadis al-Machadi, those of his descendants, and other scholars from the village of Machada in the Shamilsky district of the Republic of Dagestan. Notably, the library includes works by Sufi authors and a significant corpus of letters, documents, legal records, and court decisions, offering fertile ground for further scholarly exploration. Among the manuscripts are rare or unique pieces such as “Silsilat al-masnuʻat” by Ahmad Zirikhgerani and “Hashiya ʻala Charpardi”. Moreover, the inclusion of works from the 19th and 20th centuries, likely acquired through the Gidatlin Ulama, underscores a tradition of continuity of Arab-Muslim studies in the region.
KIPCHAKS IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: AN EPISODE FROM THE BIOGRAPHY OF KHWARAZMSHAH JALAL AL-DIN MANGBURNI
Authors: Timokhin Dmitry M.
Published: December 2024

In the composition of the 13th-century Persian historical work, “Tarikh-i Jahangushay,” authored by ʻAlaʼ al-Din Ata-Malik Juvaini and well-known among specialists, there exists a noteworthy episode within the narrative detailing the aggressive campaigns of Khwarazmshah Jalal al-Din Mangburni in the South Caucasus. This episode refers to the encounter between the Khwarezmians and the Georgian army. According to the Persian historian, the Georgian army, alongside other ethnic groups, included a detachment of Kipchaks numbering twenty thousand men. Prior to the battle, the Khwarazmshah dispatched an embassy to them, which, through persuasion, convinced the Kipchak detachment not to engage in combat with Jalal ad-Din and his forces but to withdraw from the battlefield. This diplomatic intervention significantly contributed to the victory of the Khwarezmian army. Although the episode from the text “Tarikh-i Jahangushay” is recognized by scholars, there has been a lack of dedicated research in global academia focused on analyzing the genesis of this narrative and its historical veracity. In our presented article, we not only endeavor to dissect Juvaini’s account concerning the Kipchaks and their involvement in the referenced battle between the Georgian army and the Khwarezmians, but also elucidate the interconnections between this narrative and other earlier and subsequent Arab-Persian historiographical works. The study highlights the migration of the Kipchaks to the South Caucasus region both before the Mongol period and during the 1220s, correlating reports of such migrations with Juvaini’s assertions. Among the most significant findings of our study is the alignment of the Persian historian’s narrative with historical realities, underscoring the distinctive rapport between the Khwarazmshah and the elite of the Kipchak tribal confederation, which had its roots in the pre-Mongol era.
POTTERY TRADITION OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL POPULATION OF THE VERKHNY CHIRYURT
Authors: Sukhanov Evgeny V.
Published: December 2024

In the 8th century, the Saltovo-Mayaki archeological culture was forming under the influence of the population, migrated to the Don basin from the territory of the North Caucasus. Despite the extensive history of studying Saltovo-Mayaki antiquities, it is still unknown people of which North Caucasian regions took part in this resettlement and impacted the development of cultural traditions of the Don region in the 8th – 10th centuries. To solve this issue, the author proposes to create a database of pottery traditions of the early-medieval populations of various regions of the North-Caucasus. Such a database will allow to discuss the directions of migration of the North Caucasian population to the Don basin, based on mass archeological material. The paper presents first results of work on this scientific project. The subject of our research is the ceramic ware from the complex of sites of the Khazar era in the eastern regions of the North Caucasus – the fortified settlement of Verkhnyi Chiryurt, located in the territory of Coastline Dagestan. The paper aims to introduce to the public the results of the technical and technological study of pottery and the reconstruction of specific pottery traditions of the inhabitants of Verkhnyi Chiryurt. The study was carried out according to the method, developed by A.A. Bobrinsky – the author of the historical-cultural approach to studying ancient pottery. 94 samples of ceramic ware were analyzed. Two technological traditions of pottery production, which existed among the early medieval inhabitants of the Verkhnyi Chiryurt settlement, have been reconstructed. The use of poorly sanded, relatively “clean” natural impurities in the composition of clay, the addition of mineral and organic tempers to the clay body, the application of bands in the formation of vessels and various firing methods have been recorded as distinctive features of the techniques of representatives of the first tradition. The techniques of the bearers of the second tradition are characterized by the use of medium-grained, relatively “impure” clay, the addition of only organic tempers to the clay body, the use of cords in the design of the vessel, the use of reduction firing, and, in some cases, of black-polishing.
MODERN MARRIAGE AND WEDDING RITUALS OF THE DARGINS-TSUDAHARS: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS
Authors: Seferbekov Ruslan I.
Published: December 2024

Based on field ethnographic material collected in the Levashinsky district of Dagestan in 2018 and 2022, using historical-comparative, typological, systemic, retrospective methods and the method of participant observation, the paper discusses the traditional and modern wedding ceremonies and customs of the rural population of one of the sub-ethnic groups of the Dargins – the Tsudahars1. This group has undergone the cultural influence of the Avars of the Gunibsky and Gergebilsky districts and the Laks of the Laksky district, which is reflected in interethnic marriage, the spread of Avar anthroponymy, Avar khinkal, Avar and Lak music, songs and dances among the Tsudahar Dargins. The rituals of the life cycle of the Tsudahars, as well as other Dagestanis and North Caucasians, were influenced by the sociocultural processes of the late 20th – early 21st centuries, associated with “perestroika”, a change in the paradigm of the state and social structure of Russia, another Russian modernization and urbanization, which directly or indirectly modified them. The study shows that, despite the influence of globalization and transformation processes, almost all the main stages, characters, rituals and customs of the traditional Tsudahar wedding were mostly preserved only in rural areas. Relics of early forms of religions and ancient forms of marriage are still found in the modern Tsudahar wedding. The custom of mutual assistance has fully preserved, which makes it possible to mitigate the burden of material expenses for the wedding. Since the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century and to date, the need to reduce financial costs and the growing influence of the Muslim religion have led to the popularization of non-alcoholic weddings and the holding of wedding mawlids, replacing traditional wedding rituals with religious ones. In our time, real conditions have been created for the revival of some of the lost original elements of the Tsudahar wedding. The preservation of most of the traditional elements of the modern Tsudahar wedding inspires certain confidence in the preservation of their ethnic and cultural identity in the era of globalization.
EPITAPHS OF THE POST-MONGOL ERA.
EXPERIENCE OF COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Babajanov Bakhtiyar M. , Kurumbayev Aibulat Sh.
Published: December 2024

The collapse of the Golden Horde at the end of the 14th century coincided with the expansion of the tradition of establishing tombstones with Arabic epigraphy. This did not at all mean mutual cultural isolation of those ethnic groups that were part of the ulus of Jochi Khan, spread over a large territory of Eurasia. The most revealing indicator of religious and, in general, cultural mutual influences of large and small ethno-political groups can be their tombstones in the form of steles and, less often, in the form of prismatic stones (“chests”). This article offers reviews of some groups of monuments of Western Kazakhstan in the context of obvious analogues with tombstones of the North Caucasus (especially in the Nogai steppe). The similarities are sometimes very obvious (forms of epitaphs, tamgas, types of tombstones, etc.). This allows us to talk about similar funeral and ritual traditions, clan structures, and forms of cult of the dead among the peoples neighboring in the steppes and cities of the Eurasian space. The study of tombstones of the Eurasian steppes as remnants of material culture, as objects of art, is in its infancy. The result of formalized descriptions and incomplete interpretations of the epigraphy of tombstones is sad. This written source turned out to be “auxiliary material”, often serving for dating or classification of clan associations and their tamgas. Social analysis or cultural contexts remain aside. These circumstances force us to look for new interpretive models, bearing in mind that the tombstones and their texts were created in certain historical conditions and in a social environment for which they were part of their ritual practices.
TOMBSTONES OF FAMILY MEMBERS AND CLOSE MURIDS OF TASHAV-HAJI AL-INDIRI AS VALUABLE HISTORICAL SOURCES
Authors: Khanmurzaev Ismail I. , Navruzov Amir R.
Published: December 2024

Epigraphic inscriptions on tombstones, in conjunction with archaeological materials, are one of the most important historical sources. In the context of Chechnya, where a significant loss of written materials occurred during the deportation of Chechens to Central Asia, the importance of these inscriptions becomes even more pronounced. Beyond their informational significance, epigraphic monuments also possess artistic value. Considering these factors, it is evident that their examination and integration into academic discourse is of great importance. A logical starting point for such study is the exploration of epigraphic monuments dedicated to noteworthy individuals, including those who played roles in the military, political, and religious spheres. Among the prominent figures in the Chechen history is Naib Tashav-haji al-Indiri (from the village of Endirey), a Naqshbandi and Qadiri sheikh who encompassed all three dimensions of religious, military, and political leadership. Recent years have witnessed a surge in researchers’ interest in this figure. However, existing papers tend to focus predominantly on Tashav-haji himself, leaving the family members and associates in the shadows. Al-Indiri’s immediate circle, comprising the muhajirs who arrived with him and the closest murids among the local populace, played a pivotal role in his life and work. Surprisingly, there are not much dedicated studies on this subject. This research aims to bridge this gap by identifying the individuals who constituted this inner circle, substantiating their identities through the texts of epitaphs, and providing translations of these inscriptions. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the epitaph materials have remained unpublished and unexplored until now. Through meticulous investigation, the monuments of the sheikh’s immediate family members and close murids have been identified. This study presents comprehensive descriptions of these monuments, along with the texts of the epitaphs and their translations, shedding light on a previously overlooked aspect of Chechnya’s historical and cultural heritage.
CONTRIBUTION OF PROFESSOR A.S. BASHKIROV (1885-1963) IN THE STUDY OF MONUMENTS OF MEDIEVAL ART OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Mammaev Misrikhan M.
Published: December 2024

: The article highlights the scientific activities of prof. Alexei Stepanovich Bashkirov in the 20s - early 30s of the XX century. on the study of monuments of medieval art of Dagestan. It examines his scientific works, noting both valuable observations regarding the decorative qualities of the works of art he studied, as well as individual not entirely correct judgments about the plots and images of stone and wood carving monuments, and not entirely convincing analogies he cites. It is noted that A.S. Bashkirov was the first researcher who began studying many monuments of Dagestan art from the art criticism positions. He was the first to describe a stone tombstone in the form of a sarcophagus of the XIII century from the village. Kalakoreish, decorated with pictorial subjects and ornaments in combination with a late Kufic Arabic inscription. He also described the highly artistic decoration of two pairs of wooden doors of the cathedral mosque c. Kalakoreish. He was the first to study the petrographic monuments of Dagestan. He also studied stone reliefs - details of architectural decoration from the village. Kubachi. For the first time, he introduced many monuments of the stone-cutting art of mountainous Dagestan into scientific circulation. For the main research work, A.S. Bashkirov "Art of Dagestan. Carved stones ”(M., 1931) Camilla Vasilievna Trever (1892-1974) wrote a sharply negative review. Later, the review was used by the investigators as evidence against A.S. Bashkirov when he was arrested (January 8, 1935), accusing him of "counter-revolutionary activities". The article notes that in 1935 A.S. Bashkirov and together with him Moscow scientists, professors I.N. Borozdin and A.A. Zakharov were repressed. They were exiled for 3 years to Kazakhstan "for counter-revolutionary activities." After returning from exile, A.S. Bashkirov and I.N. Borozdin worked as teachers in higher educational institutions. A.A. Zakharov was shot in 1937. The article emphasizes that A.S. Bashkirov, through his work, made a certain contribution to the history of the art of Dagestan, that he was the initiator of Dagestan art history.
SOIL-ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT ARTANISH-9 (REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA)
Authors: Khomutova Tatiana , Chernysheva Elena , Potapova Anastassiya , Yeltsov Maxim , Pinskoy Viktor , Amiryan Mariam
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of comprehensive soil and archaeological studies of the early Bronze Age settlement of the Kura-Araks culture Artanish-9, located on the shore of Lake Sevan (Republic of Armenia). The cultural layer inside the residential building and in the inter-residential space is investigated. A microelement analysis of the cultural layer was carried out. To assess the intensity of transformation of the original soil as a result of the vital activity of ancient population, the coefficients of "anthropogenic input" are proposed, which reflect the intensity of the input of anthropogenic material into the soil and are calculated as the ratio of the content of phosphorus and sulfur as the main biogenic elements to the sum of the contents of silicon and aluminum as the main lithogenic elements (respectively, P/(Si+Al), S/(Si+Al)). A metalurgical production site has been localized, which is confirmed by the found bronze products, crucibles and foundry molds. The cultural layer in this location is characterized by an abnormally high sulfur content, which can be attributed to the gypsum entry into the soil, which was used in the creation of molds. According to the results of chemical analyses, the cultural layer of the monument is mainly represented by clay material, which indicates the presence of adobe walls and clay paving of the floor. The clay used in the construction and the clay in the immediate vicinity of the monument are absolutely of the same type, which indicates the use of local raw materials. Sections of the cultural layer with increased enzymatic activity have been identified, which indicates that large volumes of organic material of anthropogenic nature have entered the soil. Such sites presumably correspond to places of accumulation of household garbage, which is confirmed by a high concentration of artifacts and bones.
DAGESTAN BLASTERS: HISTORICAL TRADITIONS OF STONE PROCESSING INDUSTRY AND THEIR EVOLUTION IN THE XX CENTURY
(According to the materials of the Dargins)
Authors: Magomedov Amirbek J. , Yusupov Khizri A.
Published: December 2024

The crafts of stone processing, crafts of masons of Dagestan in the scientific literature of Dagestan are poorly studied. The ethnographic literature provides information about their work in the context of studying the material culture and house-building of individual ethnic groups of Dagestan. In this regard, the work of P.M. Debirova and M.O. Osmanov, where many features of stone processing crafts are shown. They also highlight the ritual practice of such crafts (customs of mutual assistance in building a house, etc.). At the same time, the sociological aspects of the topic related to the historical evolution of such crafts have been poorly studied. Of great interest in this regard are materials on individual stone processing centers, in particular on the village. Harbuk, in the past a well-known center not only for blacksmiths, but also stone processing crafts.
THE ABKHAZIAN HOLIDAY OF AJYRNYH”WA OR THE DAY OF THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. TRADITION AND MODERNITY
Authors: Ayba Tamara G.
Published: December 2024

In the article, the author analyzes the transformation of the Azhyrnyҳәa holiday - the day of the creation of the world - which is celebrated in Abkhazia in honor of the onset of the "Abkhaz New Year" on the night of January 13-14. Azhyrnyҳәa is one of the oldest and main traditional Abkhazian holidays, which has survived to the present day. The Abkhazians preserved this cult, since the production of metal objects itself was developed at a high level. The prominent role of metal tools and weapons in people's lives could not but be reflected in their worldview and religious beliefs. The great power of metal, which gave a huge shift to the development of mankind, was noted and elevated to a cult, expressed in worship and sacrifice. Due to the fact that the smelting of metal and the original method of processing it were very complex, almost inaccessible, it seemed to people that this work was associated with some kind of supernatural, inexplicable forces. ku This holiday is accompanied by annual prayers with sacrifices. So, in all likelihood, the process of formation of the cult of the blacksmith, the blacksmith's craft and the patron of this craft, Shyashy, took place. The author analyzes ethnographic studies and collected data, exploring the changes that have taken place in the prayer ritual in the post-Soviet period. The article also provides field materials on the reconstruction by Turkish Abkhazians of the traditional Abkhazian holiday Azhyrnyҳәa within the framework of the diaspora, which has become one of the means of expressing the original Abkhazian traditional culture abroad.
CERAMIC “FRUIT-STANDS” FROM THE EARLY BRONZE AGE SITES OF COASTAL DAGESTAN
Authors: Budaichiev Arsen L.
Published: December 2024

Vases constitute a distinct category of ceramic ware discovered at Early Bronze Age sites in Coastal Dagestan. In domestic studies, these vessels have not yet been sufficiently covered. In foreign archaeological literature, this type of vessels on tall hollow stems is conventionally referred to as “fruit-stands”. The article explores the typology of ceramic vases from the burial grounds of Velikent I (Catacomb 8) and III (Catacomb 1), Kayakent VI, and the Torpakh-kala settlement. It delves into aspects such as their decoration, purpose, chronology, and origin. A total of seven vases (excluding fragments) were identified across the mentioned sites, each possessing distinctive features. During this period, vases were not as common as other types of ordinary ceramic tableware and are notably absent in the archaeological sites of the mountain and foothill regions of Dagestan. Analogies to these vases in Dagestan are recorded in sites from Northeast Azerbaijan (e.g., Serkertepe settlement, Garachay burial ground etc.) as well as in sites of Central and Eastern Anatolia, Northwestern Iran, and other regions. The abundance and size variety of “fruit-stands”, previously classified as ritual vessels, on Late Chalcolithic sites in Anatolia suggests a regional origin for this ceramic tradition. In the East Caucasus region, these vessels emerge in the early 3rd millennium BC and persist until the middle of the 3rd millennium BC.
TOOL ASSEMBLAGE OF THE MUKHKAI I CAMP, LAYER 7C: DISCUSSING THE CULTURAL CONTENT OF THE END OF THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE OF THE NORTHEASTERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Taymazov Artur I.
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the tool assemblage from one of the key late Early Pleistocene sites of the North-Eastern Caucasus – the Mukhkai I camp, layer 7c. The tools constitute three differentiated clusters in terms of planigraphy. Despite this division, there are no significant differences in the typological composition of tools among the clusters. Each cluster encompasses both heavy-duty impact tools and small retouched pieces on flakes. Choppers, displaying various modifications of the working edge, particularly those with a narrow cutting edge, predominate in the tool assemblage. Additionally, the assemblage comprises picks (triangular and flat), chisel-like tools, heavy-duty scrapers, knives, notched tools, scrapers, and retouched flakes. The typological composition of the tools at Mukhkai I, layer 7c, generally corresponds to the Oldowan assemblage. Notably, the prominent tool types of the Acheulian technocomplex – handaxes and cleavers – are absent from the lithic industry of layer 7c. However, the production of large flakes and their utilization as blanks for large tools is recorded within this layer. Despite this, such practices did not gain widespread prevalence. Within the excavated area of layer 7c, only three large flakes were unearthed, and each underwent transformation into morphologically complete objects. Examining the collection’s debitage composition suggests that the primary objective of lithic reduction remained the production of small flakes. Mastering large flake production did not precipitate a decisive transformation in the technical and typological characteristics of the industry. From a periodization standpoint, this camp corresponds to the Oldowan industry while exhibiting distinct indicators of the Early Pleistocene large flake industry of the Caucasus, marking the transitional stage between Oldowan and Acheulian. It is plausible that this camp pertains to the initial phase of this transitional period.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SOURCE STUDY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY: EXPERIENCE OF APPLYING THE JACQUES KAYSER METHOD IN CAUCASUS STUDIES
Authors: Zhurtova Anzhela A. , Kuzminov Petr A. , Kazharov Artur G. , Tahusheva Inna S.
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the use of digital technologies in historical research, focusing on the application of content analysis methods in studying historical and historiographic sources. The authors investigate the fundamental principles, stages, and mechanisms of content analysis, considering the combined use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in textual analysis. They explore the method’s capacity to reveal extra-textual realities shaped by the socio-political context of the era and the author’s worldview. The paper identifies key digital methods for conducting content analysis in social sciences and humanities research (TextAnalyst 2.0, XML, Crawdad Desktop, INTEXT, Kwalitan, Protan, Yoshikoder, etc.) and examines the potential of cognitive models in source study. Content analysis is intrinsically linked to the linguistic characteristics of the source text. The initial stage typically involves creating a sample of frequently used language units and categories, which form the basis of the analysis. Subsequently, the semantic units of the selected concepts are recorded and interpreted, transforming quantitative indicators into a qualitative understanding of the subject under study. The authors highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of content analysis, noting the primary challenge in its implementation: the difficulty of formalizing historical or historiographical source texts due to the inherent flexibility of language structures and their connection to individual worldviews and unique phenomena. The article presents a case study applying a specific type of content analysis developed by French scholar Jacques Kayser in the field of Caucasus studies. This method was used to analyze articles in the journal “Otechestvennye zapiski” focused on North Caucasus history, providing a scaled assessment of publications about mountain peoples. The authors argue that the future prospects of content analysis in historical and historiographical research depend on improving mechanisms for combining quantitative and qualitative approaches.
HISTORIOGRAPHY AND SOURCE STUDY OF JADIDISM IN DAGESTAN
Authors: Navruzov Amir R. , Shikhaliev Shamil Sh.
Published: December 2024

A review of the historiography of the development of Jadidism and Muslim reformism in the Volga region, Central Asia, Transcaucasia and the study of Arabographic sources on the North-Eastern Caucasus allowed us to agree with the conclusion of a number of Western scholars who spoke not about Jadidism in the Russian Empire, but about various forms of Jadidism. Despite the wide range of ideas and concepts regarding the definition of this movement, the Dagestan sources nevertheless show a certain picture, which allows us to approach the term Jadidism of the 20th century somewhat cautiously. Despite the fact that the Dagestan sources mention the term «usul-i-jadid», as well as the fact that the Egyptian reformers and their Dagestani followers are called jadids in local sources, we still try not to use this term in relation to Dagestan. Here we can talk more about Muslim reformism than about Jadidism, since the discussion of various issues in Dagestan proceeded exclusively within the framework of the Muslim theological tradition, with a system of definitions, symbols, images and concepts characteristic of Islamic discourse. Contrary to what Soviet and modern historiography writes about the Dagestan reformers, they were not supporters of the secularization of society, they did not call for adaptation and perception of European culture. Moreover, their views, in addition to being purely Islamic, also reflected their call to return to an earlier period of Islam, when Muslim society was at its peak. Comparing the movement of Muslim reformers and the Jadids of the Volga region and Dagestan, one can note a number of similarities in the ideas of the Tatars al-Kursawi, al-Marjani and the Dagestanis al-Kuduki, al-Gumuki. All these scholars came up with similar ideas of ijtihad. At the same time, despite some contacts between the Dagestan reformers and Jadids of the 20th century, and some similarities of ideas in matters of education reform, nevertheless, Jadidism in the Volga region at the beginning of the 20th century and reformism in Dagestan were different.
OLDOWAN SITES OF DAGESTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF EURASIAN PREHISTORY
Authors: Amirkhanov Hizri A.
Published: December 2024

In the early 21st century, a substantial group of Oldowan sites was discovered in Central Dagestan. The thickness of the early Quaternary deposits at most of these sites exceeds 70 meters, containing more than three dozen cultural layers. In the majority of these layers, archaeological remains are represented solely by flint tools, while some layers also contain numerous faunal materials. Interdisciplinary studies of these cultural layers have underscored the fundamental importance of the data obtained for addressing the problem of the initial human settlement in Eurasia. Diverse data obtained during excavations of the multi-layered sites of Ainikab 1, Muhkai 1, Muhkai 2 and 2a, and Gegalashur 1 indicate the presence of ancient humans in the Caucasus, at the junction of Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, no later than 1.95 million years ago. The data suggest that the actual date of this event is likely older, a matter currently under ongoing research. The cultural layers of the Oldowan sites in Central Dagestan span nearly the entire Early Pleistocene, permitting the chronological placement of the Oldowan and Early Acheulean periods and their corresponding cultures within the local Paleolithic periodization scheme. Results based on comparative-typological and technological analysis of complexes from different levels of cultural strata at these sites are firmly grounded in direct stratigraphic data, leaving little room for ambiguous or alternative interpretations regarding both the age and the temporal evolution of the technical and typological characteristics of the stone industries. Such an opportunity for detailed study is presently unmatched in any other region of Eurasia. The technical and typological characteristics of stone tools from the lower and middle sections of the studied sites correspond to the classic Oldowan industry. Materials from the upper sections, however, indicate the decline of the Oldowan era and the transition to the Early Acheulean.
WOMEN’S COSTUME OF THE EAST GERMAN TRADITION
WITH BIG TWO-PLATE BROOCHES IN THE CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS AND NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE GREAT MIGRATION PERIOD
Authors: Mastykova Anna V. , Kazanski Michel
Published: December 2024

The article examines the women's costume of the East German tradition, widespread in the North Caucasus and Crimea during the Great Migration Period. It is characterized by one or two big two-plate brooches (more than 10 cm long), worn on the chest or shoulders. In Crimea and Taman, a costume with such brooches in the first half of the 5th century had a prestigious character. In the Caucasus, most of the burials with this costume were found on the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus, primarily at the Durso burial ground near modern Novorossiysk. In the VI century, written sources record the Gothic Tetraxites here. In the Vth century, the Tetraxite Goths moved from Eastern Crimea to the North Caucasus. Outside the coastal zone, large double-plate brooches and their smaller copies are found on sites of the Pashkovsky - Karpovka type, which belonged to the proto-Adyghe population of the Kuban and Black Sea region. A costume with two double-plate brooches was certainly considered prestigious, at least among the Tetraxite Goths who left the Durso necropolis. The graves in which the outfit in question was located usually had quite rich grave goods. The costume with double-plate brooches on the chest and shoulders was of East German origin. Its prototype existed in the Chernyakhov archaeological culture. During the Hunnic period, a costume with small two-plate brooches, which became especially widespread in the Chernyakhov culture and in the northern Black Sea region, where it became the basis for the formation of a “princely” costume with big brooches of a similar shape. In turn, in the second half of the Vth century, this prestigious costume became the prototype of a headdress with large double-plate brooches as a “folk” copy of the prestigious costume of the Hunnic period. This costume became typical of the “middle class” among the East Germans and became widespread in the Barbaricum from the North Caucasus to the Pyrenees.
MONETIZATION OF LANDSCAPE-RECREATIONAL AND ETHNO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES OF DAGESTAN AND ALTAI: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH
Authors: Magomedkhanov Magomedkhan M. , Sadovoy Aleksandr N. , Magdilov Mazhid M.
Published: December 2024

This article aims to define methodological approaches and algorithms for examining contemporary ethnosocial processes associated with the monetization of landscape-recreational and ethno-economic potential in a historical context, using the mountainous territories of Dagestan and Altai as case studies. The relevance of this research stems from the need to optimize social technologies for ensuring national, environmental, and supply security in the transboundary areas of southern Russia, as approved by the Russian state. The study focuses on the “rational component” of state policies implemented in the Caucasus and Sayan-Altai regions during the 20th and early 21st centuries. The authors conducted territorial studies of several taxa within which the interaction and interdependence of demographic, socio-economic, and ethno-cultural processes are most evident. The multidisciplinary approach to the problem (encompassing history, ethnography, geography, and economics) is necessitated by the inherent nature of mountainous areas, characterized by specific natural-climatic, economic-cultural, socio-structural, and demographic features at regional, subregional, interethnic, and ethnic levels. The findings from this study of the Caucasus and Sayan-Altai regions have the potential to form a basis for scientific forecasting of major trends in evolving ethno-social situations.
"THE SERVANT OF GOD", THE SAINT, THE UNIVERSAL DEITY: AL-KHIDR IN THE YEZIDI AND ALEVI-ZAZA TRADITIONS
Authors: Arakelova Victoria A.
Published: December 2024

Al-Khidr is a universal figure in the Islamic world, a character widely recognized throughout Muslim societies and particularly prominent in mystical orders and folk Islam. He is notable for his exceptional adaptability to non-Muslim traditions in contact zones, his ability to influence local cults, and his capacity to assimilate characteristics of non-Islamic figures, especially Christian saints. This study aims to define the niche, primary domains, functions, and characteristics of Khidr within the Yezidi and Alevi-Zaza religious traditions. The figure of Khidr among these peoples is of particular interest, as he is revered not only as a righteous man who guides people towards beneficence but also as a deity. Our focus on these two traditions is further justified by the Yezidi religion’s notable parallels with heterodox Shi‘a doctrines, which include the beliefs of the Alevi-Zazas. This is confirmed, amongst other factors, by the specific ways Khidr is venerated by these two groups. The research employs comparative historical analysis, drawing on Armenian historiographical materials not previously widely circulated in scholarly circles, Yezidi folklore materials published without translation or commentary, and field materials collected by the author from Yezidis in Armenia and Zazas from historical Dersim (modern Tunceli, Turkey), as well as Zaza emigrants from Dersim currently residing in Germany and France. As a result, we reconstruct the niche, main functions, and characteristics of Khidr in the Yezidi and Alevi-Zaza beliefs, and define the specific veneration of Khidr that is typical of these two traditions, especially his status as a deity. This reveals functional parallels with authentic characters whose domains, in one way or another, coincide with the traditional spheres of influence of this universal Muslim character.
Analisis Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Green Technology Innovation Dengan Pengendalian Internal Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Putri Hardian Qanita Marsha , Suryaningrum Diah Hari
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Green Technology Innovation, towards Internal Control as an intervening variable. This studies is quantitative and focuses on companies in the energy, industrial, materials, and infrastructure sectors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. This study using the statistic descriptive method. The research results show that CSR as an independent variable and Internal Control as an intervening variable influence Green Technology Innovation. This study suggests that companies, shareholders, and governments should consider environmental risks in their decision-making processes.
The Essence and Features of the Digital Transformation of the Agrarian Sector
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kyfyak Viktoriia I.
Published: December 2024

The development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine plays an important role in ensuring the economic development of the country. Rich natural resources, favorable climate and historical experience of agriculture play a significant role in ensuring the active functioning of this area. However, its further evolvement in modern conditions is directly related to the active use of modern innovations, which today are being developed and implemented taking into account the potential of digital technologies that have already permeated into virtually all areas of economic activity in the agrarian sector. The article considers the essence and features of the digital transformation of the agrarian sector, which is implemented through the substantiation of the content of digital transformation as an object of research. For this purpose, an analysis of scientific approaches to concretizing the content of this category is carried out. This made it possible to further substantiate the features of digital transformation as a process of systemic change in economic systems as a result of the active involvement of information and communication technologies in their functioning. The article determines that digitalization forms new impulses for the development of economic systems of various types, but it is noted that in order for such a transformation to be effective and qualitative, the system of their management should be relevant. For a detailed description of the features of the impact of digital technologies on the development of the agrarian sphere, the article details the specific features of entrepreneurial activity within this sphere and specifies the features of its general development in modern conditions. Further, this allows for substantiating the essence of the digital transformation of the agrarian sector, offering the author’s vision of understanding the content of this concept. Deepening the understanding of the essence of this type of digital transformation was also implemented by allocating individual approaches to considering such an entity, i. e.: technological, economic, environmental, innovative, social, and institutional. Consideration of the content of these approaches made it possible to specify the features of the digital transformation of the agrarian sector, to describe the role of information and communication technologies in the development of agrarian enterprises and their individual business processes.