bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
circ_0005273 promotes thyroid carcinoma progression by SOX2 expression
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Hang , Zhao Xudong
Published: November 2019

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most prevalent tumors in endocrine system. CircRNAs (circular RNAs) are widely known as critical regulators in tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The present study focused on the functional investigation and potential molecular mechanism toward circ_0005273 in PTC progression. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE93522) and qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analyses showed that circ_0005273 were upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, circ_0005273 was located in the cytoplasm of PTC cells and suggested poor prognosis in PTC patients. In vivo and in vitro functional assays indicated that knockdown of circ_0005273 inhibited PTC tumor growth and progression, respectively. Mechanistically, miR-1183 was identified as functional target of circ_0005273, and circ_0005273 could directly bind to miR-1138 and relieve inhibition of SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2). Data from Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assays and transwell assays revealed that the oncogenic role of circ_0005273 on PTC progression dependent on miR-1183-mediated SOX2 expression. In conclusion, circ_0005273 functioned as a tumor promoter of PTC via circ_0005273/miR-1183/SOX2 axis, suggesting a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for PTC.
The P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme Cyp11a2 facilitates steroidogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Li Nan , Oakes James A , Storbeck Karl-Heinz , Cunliffe Vincent T , Krone Nils P
Published: November 2019

Cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, encoded by the CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Previous morpholino-knockdown studies in zebrafish suggested cyp11a2 is a functional equivalent of human CYP11A1 and is essential for interrenal steroidogenesis in zebrafish larvae. The role of Cyp11a2 in adult zebrafish, particularly in gonadal steroidogenesis, remains elusive. To explore the role of Cyp11a2 in adults, we developed zebrafish mutant lines by creating deletions in cyp11a2 using the CRISPR/Cas9 genomic engineering approach. Homozygous cyp11a2 mutant zebrafish larvae showed an upregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis. Furthermore, these Cyp11a2-deficient zebrafish demonstrated profound glucocorticoid and androgen deficiencies. Cyp11a2 homozygotes only developed into males with feminized secondary sex characteristics. Adult cyp11a2
−/−
mutant fish showed a lack of natural breeding behaviors. Histological characterization revealed disorganized testicular structure and significantly decreased numbers of mature spermatozoa. These findings are further supported by the downregulation of the expression of several pro-male genes in the testes of cyp11a2 homozygous zebrafish, including sox9a, dmrt1 and amh. Moreover, the spermatogonia markers nanos2 and piwil1 were upregulated, while the spermatocytes marker sycp3 and spermatids marker odf3b were downregulated in the testes of cyp11a2 homozygous mutants. Our expression analysis is consistent with our histological studies, suggesting that spermatogonia are the predominant cell types in the testes of cyp11a2 homozygous mutants. Our work thus demonstrates the crucial role of Cyp11a2 in interrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis in zebrafish larvae and adults.
The NALCN Channel Regulator UNC-80 Functions in a Subset of Interneurons To RegulateCaenorhabditis elegansReversal Behavior
Authors: Zhou Chuanman , Luo Jintao , He Xiaohui , Zhou Qian , He Yunxia , Wang Xiaoqin , Ma Long
Published: November 2019

NALCN (Na+  leak channel, non-selective) is a conserved, voltage-insensitive cation channel that regulates resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. UNC79 and UNC80 are key regulators of the channel function. However, the behavioral effects of the channel complex are not entirely clear and the neurons in which the channel functions remain to be identified. In a forward genetic screen for C. elegans mutants with defective avoidance response to the plant hormone methyl salicylate (MeSa), we isolated multiple loss-of-function mutations in unc-80 and unc-79. C. elegans NALCN mutants exhibited similarly defective MeSa avoidance. Interestingly, NALCN, unc-80 and unc-79 mutants all showed wild type-like responses to other attractive or repelling odorants, suggesting that NALCN does not broadly affect odor detection or related forward and reversal behaviors. To understand in which neurons the channel functions, we determined the identities of a subset of unc-80-expressing neurons. We found that unc-79 and unc-80 are expressed and function in overlapping neurons, which verified previous assumptions. Neuron-specific transgene rescue and knockdown experiments suggest that the command interneurons AVA and AVE and the anterior guidepost neuron AVG can play a sufficient role in mediating unc-80 regulation of the MeSa avoidance. Though primarily based on genetic analyses, our results further imply that MeSa might activate NALCN by direct or indirect actions. Altogether, we provide an initial look into the key neurons in which the NALCN channel complex functions and identify a novel function of the channel in regulating C. elegans reversal behavior through command interneurons.
Un análisis de las empresas TIC desde una perspectiva financiera. Evidencia para las pymes de software y videojuegos
Authors: Guercio M. Belén , Martinez Lisana B. , Vigier Hernán P.
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las decisiones de financiamiento de dos sub­sectores específicos del segmento de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC): el de desarrollo de videojuegos (VG) y el de software y servicios informáticos (SSI). Los datos utilizados incluyen 80 empresas argentinas relevadas durante el 2017. Los resultados muestran que la fuente principal de financiamiento en las diferentes etapas del ciclo de negocio son los fondos propios para todas las empresas de la muestra. Sin embargo, la participación de dichos fondos se reduce a medida que las empresas transitan las etapas de start up y de crecimiento. Además, se encuentra que la tipología de las fuentes externas con las que sustituyen el financiamiento propio difiere de acuerdo con el subsector analizado. En la etapa de start up, las empresas de SSI sustituyen fondos propios por subsidios públicos, a diferencia de las empresas de VG que utilizan el financiamiento de prestamistas privados. En la etapa de crecimiento, las empresas de SSI utilizan en mayor proporción financiamiento bancario, y las empresas de VG, subsidios públicos.
Compreensão de texto argumentativo em crianças
Authors: Almeida Denise Dias , Spinillo Alina Galvão , Lima Ilka Dayanne Medrado
Published: November 2019

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a habilidade de crianças em compreender textos argumentativos a partir do estabelecimento de inferências de diferentes tipos: causais, de estado e de previsão. Crianças (8 e 9 anos) foram individualmente solicitadas a ler um texto argumentativo segmentado em cinco partes. Imediatamente, após a leitura de cada parte, eram feitas perguntas inferenciais acerca do texto e perguntas de explicação em que a criança tinha que justificar as respostas dadas. Os dados foram analisados em função do número de respostas corretas e a partir de uma análise qualitativa acerca da natureza das dificuldades apresentadas. Observou-se que as crianças de ambos os grupos etários não tinham dificuldades com as inferências causais e que as crianças de 8 anos tinham dificuldades em relação às inferências de previsão.
Os efeitos do ensino de estratégias cognitivas, metacognitivas e de navegação para a leitura hipertextual em LI: um estudo de caso
Authors: Tiraboschi Fernanda Franco , De Figueiredo Francisco José Quaresma
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar os eventuais efeitos da instrução de estratégias cognitivas, metacognitivas e de navegação para a realização de tarefas automonitoradas de leitura hipertextual em língua inglesa, bem como observar as percepções dos aprendizes em relação às suas experiências de leitura hipertextual a partir da aplicação de estratégias cognitivas, metacognitivas e de navegação. Para construir um arcabouço teórico, nos apoiamos nos estudos sobre a leitura hipertextual, assim como em pesquisas sobre estratégias cognitivas, metacognitivas e de navegação (COSCARELLI, 2012; 2016; KONISHI, 2003; LEVY, 2004; O’MALLEY; CHAMOT, 1990; SOLÉ, 1998, entre outros). Participaram deste estudo de caso oito aprendizes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio integrado ao técnico de um Instituto Federal do interior de Goiás, Brasil. Para a geração de dados, utilizamos um questionário, narrativas de aprendizagem escritas pelos participantes, respostas às tarefas e a transcrição de uma entrevista realizada ao final da execução de todas as tarefas. De um modo geral, os participantes demonstram ter aprendido as estratégias trabalhadas e alcançado uma compreensão melhor do hipertexto a partir do uso desses recursos.
Precisamos de mais de 50.000 palavras no léxico ortográfico para ler?
Authors: Scliar-Cabral Leonor
Published: November 2019

Proponho-me explicar o processamento da decodificação na leitura, a partir dos momentos que a precedem (escolha do que ler, da pré-leitura, do momento da fixação, quando os cones abarcam de 3 a 4 letras à esquerda à do centro do olhar e de 7 a 8 à direita, até quando manchas são pulverizadas e depois transformadas em traços invariantes. Ocorre, então, uma convergência, e os traços invariantes tanto da área V4 esquerda, quanto da direita, são enviados para a área occípito-temporal ventral esquerda: é quando tem início o reconhecimento de quais, quantos e como se combinam os traços invariantes que diferenciam uma letra de outra. Enfatizo uma diferença bastante negligenciada nos modelos de processamento da leitura, entre o reconhecimento das letras e o dos grafemas. Demonstro que aquele independe da língua em que o texto foi escrito, enquanto o valor, ou fonema é a razão de ser do grafema, pois ele o representa na escrita. Apresento os valores independentes do contexto grafêmico, que os grafemas do Português Brasileiro (PB) escrito têm, bem como vários casos de previsibilidade dos valores dependentes do contexto grafêmico ou através da metalinguagem e/ou do contexto textual morfossintático e semântico. Procuro falsear a existência de um léxico ortográfico para a decodificação de palavras, como condição para seu reconhecimento.
The Benefit of Islamic Faith Education to Enhance Children Social and Emotional Skills
Authors: Sadida Nuri , Triman Arif
Published: November 2019

There is an increasing trend among parents nowadays to choose Islamic elementary school. This has triggered the increasing amount of schools that adopt religious bases such as Kuttab Al-Fatih (KAF), a school that emphasized manner education and Islamic faith teaching. The purposes of this study are to correlate Islamic faith education given by parents and studentâ€™s social and emotional skills and to compare children's emotional and social skills from parents whose children schooled in KAF and in other schools. The measurement of children's social and emotional skills contains three dimensions: persistence, self-control, and social competence. Meanwhile, faith education by parents was measured using how much parents teach faith indicator. There are 52 parents participated in this study. Results showed there is a significant correlation between faith education and social and emotional skills (r=.302, p < .05), and there is no significant difference in social and emotional skills between children who submitted to KAF and to other schools.
Internalization of Tasawuf Values in Learning Fiqh at Madrasah Aliyah Sambas Kalimantan
Authors: Suriadi Suriadi
Published: November 2019

This study was aimed in order to uncover and discover the efforts of teachers in internalizing the values of Sufism in learning Fiqh in MAN (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri/ State Islamic Senior High School) Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive analytic approach. Meanwhile, to collect the necessary data used in this study in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation study. This study led to the conclusion: the techniques used by teachers to internalize the values of Sufism in learning Fiqh is to link subject matter of Fiqh with the values of Sufism, reveal hikmat at-tasyriâ€™, assignment, and imitation, factors that support the internalization of the values of Sufism in learning Fiqh are the internal factors of teachers that includes knowledge and insights, learning strategies, learning facilities such as mosques, dormitories and libraries, and constraints faced by teachers are class size, social environment, and the influence of the mass media.Â
Al-Zarnujiâ€™s Character Concept in Strengthening Character Education in Indonesia
Authors: Hulawa Djeprin E.
Published: November 2019

This study aims to find the relevance and contextualization of the thoughts of al-Zarnuji's character in the present context especially in relation to strengthening character education in Indonesia. The research used the incorporative approach and descriptive, heuristic and hermeneutic methods. The analysis technique used analytical content. The study found that there was relevance in the concept of al-Zarnuji's character to the concept of strengthening character education in Indonesia, where both of them made aspects of noble character and morality as the pillars and main souls of humans in nation-building. Although in a different socio-cultural context, the concept of al-Zarnuji's character and the concept of character education in Indonesia both go in the same direction, namely the effort to establish positive characters for students through education.Â
Building Character Education Using Three Matra of Hasan Al-Bannaâ€™s Perspective in Pesantren
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Maryam Siti
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to describe the efforts of Pesantren Nurul Jadid to implement of Hasan al-Banna's thought about Three Matra of education, namely the education of mind, body, and heart (qalb), in constructing studentsâ€™ characters at Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo East Java. This research used a qualitative method of case study type. The results showed that; pesantren has implemented Three Matra by delivering education for mind, body, and heart for its santri. It has set the moto which is in line with Hasan al Banna's thought in building the character of students. It is supported by its vision and mission which was described in the trilogy of students and five/panca awareness of students, education and learning activity, habituation, making of regulation as the norm of binding and organizing activity students.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of Ti doped La2MnNiO6 double perovskite
Authors: Dutta Uma , Haque Ariful , Seikh Md. Motin
Published: November 2019

We report sol-gel synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of La2Mn1-xTixNiO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0). Ti doping removed the biphasic structure of La2MnNiO6 by suppression of rhombohedral structure and all the Ti containing samples crystallized in monoclinic P21/n symmetry. La2MnNiO6 exhibits multiple magnetic transitions. The high temperature ferromagnetic transition of La2MnNiO6 gradually shifted to lower temperatures with increase in Ti doping. La2TiNiO6 (x = 1.0) does not show any long-range magnetic ordering. The suppression of magnetic transition by Ti doping is ascribed to the destruction of Mn4+—O—Ni2+ superexchange interaction. However, the signature of ferromagnetic phase persists up to 70% Ti doping, indicating the robustness of magnetic ordering in La2MnNiO6. These results suggest that the addition of Ti4+ truncates the ferromagnetic Mn4+—O—Ni2+ superexchange path and it likely promotes ferromagnetic cluster formation. The robustness of ferromagnetic state towards Ti substitution compared to the simple perovskite or spinel structure can be attributed to cationic ordering in double perovskite structure. Both the pure and Ti-doped samples exhibit magnetic frustration at lower temperatures due to partial cationic disordering. The absence of long-range ordering in La2TiNiO6, unlike La2TiCoO6 or Pr2TiCoO6, could be related to cationic disordering.
Heat of Fusion of Na3AlF6 Eutectic Mixtures with CaF2 and Al2O3
Authors: Redkin Alexander A. , Pershina Svetlana V. , Il'ina Evgenia A. , Kataev Alexander A. , Zaikov Yurii P.
Published: November 2019

The heat of fusion of eutectic mixtures of sodium cryolite with alumina and calcium fluoride was measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Melting temperatures were found to be in good agreement with literature data. The molar heat of fusion of cryolite salts and eutectic mixtures was found to be directly dependent on melting temperature. The temperature dependence coefficient is the same as that of alkali halides.
Oxandrolona no tratamento da lipodermatoesclerose: relato de caso
Authors: Péret Leonardo Amédée , Vidal Heloisa Malaquias , Gomes Gabriela Alves Cardoso , Oliveira Gabriel Victor Borba , Aguiar Lainara Magalhães
Published: November 2019

Resumo A lipodermatoesclerose é uma paniculite que se caracteriza por endurecimento e hiperpigmentação da pele envolvendo as panturrilhas, com a aparência de “garrafa de champanhe invertida”. Muitas abordagens terapêuticas têm sido recomendadas, mas o uso de oxandrolona para essa finalidade foi pouco estudado até o momento. Relatamos um caso de lipodermatoesclerose aguda em uma mulher de 61 anos, com história prévia de tratamento cirúrgico para insuficiência venosa de membros inferiores. A paciente apresentava edema e lesões dolorosas e eritematosas com infiltração difusa, que acometiam principalmente a face posterior da panturrilha esquerda. Foi tratada inicialmente com estanozolol e pentoxifilina, com boa resposta. Devido à indisponibilidade do estanozolol, iniciou-se o uso de oxandrolona. Esse tratamento foi bem tolerado, resultando em redução significativa do edema, do eritema e da infiltração presentes nos membros inferiores, além de alívio da dor. A oxandrolona pode representar uma opção útil e segura no tratamento da lipodermatoesclerose aguda.
Edition of Portuguese health journals and its relationship with their visibility: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Henriques Anabela , García María Ángeles Zulueta
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Scientific journals play a fundamental role in the field of health sciences, contributing not only to the dissemination of scientific results but also to the progress of medicine and the training of researchers. The visibility of scientific production in the health area is fundamental to the development of medicine. This study aimed to find the relationship between the editorial quality of a sample of Portuguese scientific health journals and their national and international visibility. METHODS This is an analytical, transversal and, essentially, quantitative study, based on the analysis of the compliance with Latindex editorial quality criteria in a sample of 46 scientific health journals and ascertaining their national and international visibility. RESULTS The research showed that the global average of compliance with the criteria by the sample of journals is 91%. The average visibility of the sample is 24%. The hypothesis that the editing criteria are related to the visibility of a sample of Portuguese health journals is confirmed. CONCLUSION Despite the high rate of compliance with editorial quality criteria, the international visibility of the journals analyzed is still scarce. This reveals the need for the development of complementary competences.
Valor-experiência no contexto do jornalismo experiencial
Authors: Longhi Raquel Ritter , Caetano Kati
Published: November 2019

Resumo Um sobrevoo rápido nas estratégias contemporâneas do jornalismo aponta para um reforço nas ideias de “experiência” e de “experimentação”. A recorrência com que tais conceitos têm sido empregados em vários domínios científicos e profissionais atesta sua importância em relação a conteúdos ciberjornalísticos, especialmente utilizando Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada. Este artigo discute a experiência neste panorama, levando em conta duas esferas: uma, que diz respeito à experimentação do jornalismo enquanto âmbito de produção, e a segunda, no que concerne à experiência do leitor/usuário enquanto fruidor de conteúdos. A análise foi realizada em jornais de referência como Folha de S. Paul, The New York Times e The Guardian. A conclusão aponta que se manifesta uma instância na produção e fruição de conteúdos jornalísticos que podemos definir como valor-experiência.
Os rastros digitais na circulação de sentidos: pela desnaturalização e contextualização de dados na pesquisa em comunicação
Authors: Grohmann Rafael
Published: November 2019

Resumo O artigo discute a circulação de sentidos como uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica para pesquisas em mídias sociais que busca a desnaturalização e a contextualização de dados. Isso envolve reincorporar os sujeitos com seus contextos, valores e contradições, envoltos em relações de poder e disputas por sentido, considerando, inclusive, os limites da circulação. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma apreensão a partir dos rastros digitais, procurando ir além do descritivismo.
Health Care Network: Maternal perception regarding the quality of care to children with microcephaly
Authors: Santos Daniel Batista Conceição dos , Silva Elaine Ferreira da , Lima Sonia Oliveira , Reis Francisco Prado , Oliveira Cristiane da Costa Cunha
Published: November 2019

Abstract Objective: To identify the perception of primary caregivers on the quality of the Health Care Network of children with microcephaly related to congenital infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out from October 2017 to April 2018. Results: The 105 participants assessed the health of their children as reasonable (56.1%). The level of care which got the highest percentage - 57 (54.3%) - of participants' dissatisfaction was of Primary Health Care (p=0.0216). Most of the specialties of secondary health care services were classified as poor/very poor, regarding the quality of the consultation at the secondary level (p<0.05). For the majority - 61 (58%) - of the mothers, regarding this level of attention, the items waiting time and appointment scheduling were evaluated as excellent/good (p<0.05). Conclusion and implications for practice: There is dissatisfaction among mothers considering the quality of services provided by the health care network for children with microcephaly, mainly in primary care. There was easiness in the access to Secondary Care, and little use of Tertiary Care services. It is urgent to elaborate policies that better disseminate humanization and facilitate the accessibility to multiprofessional care for those children.
Breastfeeding under the umbrella of support networks: a facilitative strategy
Authors: Alves Yamê Regina , Couto Leila Leontina do , Barreto Ana Claudia Mateus , Quitete Jane Baptista
Published: November 2019

Abstract Objectives: To know the aspects related to breastfeeding from the perspective of women in a city in the inland of Rio de Janeiro and to discuss the family support network created as a facilitation strategy for women to breastfeed their children. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. For data collection, a semi-structured interview script instrument was developed. The focus groups were filmed, and the speeches transcribed in full. Data was divided and grouped into thematic categories. A total of ten volunteer women participated. The reference used was the National Breastfeeding Policy. Results: The following categories emerged from the focus groups: Breastfeeding: facilities and difficulties faced; Prenatal specificities and identification of the support network during breastfeeding. Conclusion and implications for practice: Breastfeeding is an action based on subjectivity, women's experience and among members of the social network. The results point to the need for effective participation of prenatal nurses who promote breastfeeding and the inclusion of the father for better participation in the entire breastfeeding process and family members, where both play a key role in promoting breastfeeding, and continued breastfeeding. Maternal exclusive.
Metropolização regional e nova regionalização do capital
Authors: Leopoldo Eudes
Published: November 2019

Resumo A metropolização regional torna-se hegemônica na virada do século, associada à globalização financeira. No território brasileiro, essa implosão-explosão da metrópole anuncia seus passos iniciais com a criação das primeiras regiões metropolitanas e a inauguração de formas imobiliárias metropolitanas, como os loteamentos fechados. Em meados da década de 1990, com a incorporação do Brasil ao neoliberalismo, a regionalização metropolitana como meio e produto do capital torna-se cada vez mais concreta. No século XXI, a metropolização regional ganha intensidade e complexidade no território brasileiro e fundamenta as estratégias do capital. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a metropolização regional como processo central da nova regionalização do capital, que é a regionalização metropolitana, a partir do caso brasileiro.
Achados videoendoscópicos da deglutição em diferentes consistências de alimento na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
Authors: Gozzer Marina Mendes , Cola Paula Cristina , Onofri Suely Mayumi Motonaga , Merola Beatriz Novaes , Silva Roberta Gonçalves da
Published: November 2019

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar os achados videoendoscópicos da deglutição orofaríngea em distintas consistências de alimento na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA). Método Estudo clínico retrospectivo com amostra de conveniência. Foram incluídos 20 indivíduos com diagnóstico de ELA e disfagia orofaríngea confirmada por avaliação clínica e objetiva de deglutição, independentemente do tipo, bulbar ou esquelética, e tempo de diagnóstico neurológico, 13 do sexo masculino e sete do sexo feminino, faixa etária variando de 34 a 78 anos, média de 57 anos. Foram analisados os achados da videoendoscopia de deglutição (VED) nas consistências líquida (N=18), líquida espessada (N=19) e pastosa (N=20) no volume de cinco ml. Os achados sobre escape oral posterior, resíduos faríngeos, penetração laríngea e/ou aspiração foram comparados nas três consistências de alimento e a análise estatística utilizou o teste ANOVA de Friedman. Resultados Não foi encontrada alteração na sensibilidade laríngea nessa população. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as consistências de alimento na presença de escape oral posterior, penetração e/ou aspiração. Houve diferença estatística significativa somente com resíduos faríngeos na consistência líquida espessada e pastosa na ELA. Conclusão Dentre os achados videoendoscópicos da deglutição na ELA, somente o resíduo faríngeo teve maior frequência na dependência da consistência de alimento.
DEFINITION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN SCHOOLCHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS
Authors: LINDEN Marcela Almeida , FREITAS Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento , HESSEL Gabriel , MARMO Denise Barbieri , BELLOMO-BRANDÃO Maria Ângela
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is being recognized as a pandemic due to the volume of people affected by the deficiency and the number of illnesses generated or stimulated by the deficiency. There is a lack of consensus in the literature on what is considered vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D]. OBJECTIVE: This review brings together the most common levels of 25(OH)D found in healthy schoolchildren and what is considered deficient. METHODS: This systematic review was based on the literature accessed from the electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE. The following descriptors were used in English, Portuguese and Spanish: “Vitamin D”; “Vitamin D deficiency”; “Nutritional Supplements” as well as all their synonyms. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random model. Inclusion criteria: healthy children aged 6 to 12 years, studies that had vitamin D levels, defined vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS: Of the 191 potentially eligible articles, only six articles were included, with 2618 students in total. The mean value of 25(OH)D was estimated at 18.11 ng/mL with 95% confidence interval. Among the articles found, three were considered deficiency levels below 20 ng/mL, one considered below 18 ng/mL, another below 15 ng/mL, and the latter below 11 ng/ mL. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the articles was 48.6%, 7%, 98%, 64.63%, 19.5%, 28.4%, according to each classification used by the same. CONCLUSION: The most common definition in the literature of 25(OH)D deficiency in schoolchildren was at levels below 20 ng/mL. No side effects have been reported in studies that used fortification and/or vitamin D supplementation. Daily supplementation is more effective than seasonal supplementation. However, more studies are needed to define what can be considered as optimal levels of 25(OH)D in children.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF DULOXETINE ON MKN45 AND NIH3T3 CELL LINES AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: HASSANI Melika , GHASSEMI-BARGHI Nasrin , MODANLOO Mona , MOHAMMADPOUR Abbas , SHOKRZADEH Mohammad
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Unfortunately, the survival rate of the gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy following surgery has been less than a half. Besides, chemotherapy has many side effects. Current evidence suggests that some antidepressants like duloxetine have growth-inhibiting effects against a number of cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of duloxetine on gastric cancer. METHODS: In this regard, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of duloxetine were investigated in MKN45 and NIH3T3 cell lines by MTT assay and on peripheral blood lymphocytes by MN assay. For this purpose, cells were cultured in 96 wells plate. Stock solutions of duloxetine and cisplatin were prepared. After cell incubation with different concentrations of duloxetine (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μL), MTT solution was added. For micronucleus assay fresh blood was added to RPMI culture medium 1640 supplemented, and different concentrations of duloxetine (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μL) were added. RESULTS: The cytotoxicity of duloxetine on MKN45 cancer cell line and NIH3T3 normal cell line were studied followed by MTT assay. duloxetine exhibited higher IC50 in the MKN45 cells in comparison with the NIH3T3 cells. In addition, genotoxic effect of duloxetine was evaluated by micronucleus assay. The results revealed that duloxetine induced more DNA damage at 100 and 200 μM and no significant difference at 200 μM with respect to cisplatin, but it had less genotoxic effects at 100 and 50 μM concentrations. CONCLUSION: Although, in this study, duloxetine had less genotoxicity than cisplatin in concentrations under 200 μM and showed cytotoxic effects as well, due to its IC50, it cannot be considered as a better choice for gastric cancer therapies with respect to cisplatin as a common anticancer drug.
PROSPECTIVE MONITORING OF DRUG USE: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN A PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTER
Authors: PRADO Nília Maria de Brito Lima , MESSIAS Gladistone Correia , SANTOS JUNIOR Genário Oliveira , NUNES Vinícius Santos , SCHINONNI Maria Isabel , PARANÁ Raymundo
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Drug-induced liver injury is still misunderstood in Brazil due to diagnostic difficulties or lack of reporting incidents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of adverse events related to the use of medicines in a primary healthcare unit, in a city locate southwestern of the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: Prospective study conducted at the Primary Center for Specialized Health (CEMEA), February at August of 2013 in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Interviews were conducted with patients over 18 years old, and their clinical and laboratorial data were collected. The CIOMS scale was used to validate the cases. RESULTS: A total of 149 patients, mainly Afro-Brazilian women, received follow-up. Among these patients, three cases of hepatotoxicity were identified, and the medicines associated to drug-induced liver injuries were: nimesulide, budesonide and valacyclovir. CONCLUSION: Drug-induced liver injury is rare in primary healthcare units. It also allowed estimating the incidence of hepatotoxicity induced by allopathic medicines which are standardized by public healthcare authorities.
Quando limpam com fogo, como ficam as crianças? Vidas abreviadas, vidas breves
Authors: Gobbi Marcia Aparecida
Published: November 2019

Resumo Este artigo decorre de recorte de pesquisa em andamento, cujo propósito é conhecer ocupações e a luta por moradia a partir de um grupo específico de seus moradores, a saber: as crianças. Após o incêndio no edifício Wilton Paes de Almeida, em 1 de maio de 2018, 200 pessoas, entre elas muitas crianças, passaram a ocupar o Largo do Paissandu, em São Paulo. Esse acontecimento impôs-se ao percurso já trilhado da pesquisa compondo-a e oferecendo-se como rica oportunidade de conhecer aspectos relacionados à ocupação e à produção do espaço a partir das crianças que o compunham diariamente, revelando formas de luta que se constituíam de doações e negociações com o poder público municipal. Para tanto, foram realizadas observações em campo desde maio até 10 de agosto de 2018, quando os últimos moradores foram retirados do Largo. Com caráter qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas e conversas envolvendo adultos e crianças. As relações de meninas e meninos com o espaço físico, em especial a chamada Praia Urbana, evidenciou capacidade de transformação do espaço em lugar de coexistência envolvendo processos de criação, brincadeiras, conflitos, disputas e diálogos constantes, dando a perceber diferentes formas de abreviação de suas vidas – não compreendendo apenas a morte física – em um projeto político que escolhe as vidas que, em sua precariedade, importam.
First record of Lagochilascaris minor (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Leopardus geoffroyi (Carnivora: Felidae) in Brazil
Authors: Trindade Maira Aparecida Christello , Macedo Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de , Drehmer César Jaeger , Muller Gertrud
Published: November 2019

Abstract Lagochilascariasis is a parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Lagochilascaris. These parasites occur in the neotropical region and their definitive hosts are wild animals, domestic dogs and felids and, accidentally, humans. Here, infection by Lagochilascaris minor is recorded for the first time in a wild felid, in Brazil.
High concentration of levamisole in the diet of Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) is effective for controlling monogenean parasites
Authors: Nogueira Joziele Neves , Santos Gracienhe Gomes , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: November 2019

Abstract This study investigated the effects of diets supplemented with levamisole on monogeneans on the gills of Colossoma macropomum. Fish were fed with diets containing levamisole at concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg kg-1 for 24, 96 and 240 h and the infection by Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were evaluated. None of the levamisole concentrations caused either mortality or behavioral alterations in fishes during 240 h of feeding. After 24 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole, the abundance of N. janauachensis decreased in comparison with treatments of 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg kg-1, as did the abundance of M. boegeri after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole. The efficacy of 900 mg kg-1 of levamisole was only 55.7% after 96 h of feeding, but it was 84.6% after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1. Our results show that 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole for 10 days has good anthelmintic efficacy against monogeneans of C. macropomum. Since monogeneans elicit some of the worst problems in C. macropomum, this study has provided evidence of an effective control method that may be used in fish farms.
The Production and Governance of Race in Licensing Decisions: The Initial Findings of an Ethnographic Researcher Exploring Race At Night In ‘Greenshire’
Authors: Wicks Nikhaela
Published: November 2019

Drawing from interviews and observations with police licensing managers and town licensing officers, this paper highlights how race is produced and sustained in licensing decisions in ‘Greenshireʼ. Previous research has evidenced the disproportionate impact of the Licensing Act 2003 on racialised night time venues in ‘Southville’, London (Böse and Talbot, 2007, Talbot 2004). Building on this work, this paper explores how race is produced and governed in licensing decisions in a more provincial context. I consider the disparities between the objectives set out in the Licensing Act 2003 and what occurs in practice. I reveal how the licensing objectives are presented as objective and non-discriminatory and argue that this does not translate to licensing practice. I highlight how the racialised Other (Hall 1997) continues to be problematised in licensing decisions, reflected in the tentativeness around temporary event notices for ‘urban' nights and increased licensing conditions for pubs known for their Gypsy, Roma or Traveller clientele.
Impact of the Constitution's Normative Framework on the Interpretation of Provisions of the Companies Act 71 of 2008
Authors: Rautenbach Christa , Mupangavanhu Brighton M
Published: November 2019

Given the intention of section 7(a) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the Act) to promote compliance with the Bill of Rights in the interpretation and application of company law in SA, this article assesses the extent to which the Act actually does this. The article thus seeks to showcase evidence of the Act's intentional alignment with the normative framework of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). The paper does this by answering the question: what are the implications of the Constitution's normative framework on the interpretation and application of the Act? The term "normative framework" is defined, and a distinction is drawn between the descriptive and explanatory social science research questions and the legal research questions which are evaluative and normative in nature. The article provides examples of the contexts in which the intentional alignment of the Act with the Constitution's normative framework is evident. To this extent, commentary is made on the following selected issues: remedies to facilitate the realisation and enjoyment of rights established by company law; the direct and indirect horizontal application of the Bill of Rights to provisions of the Act; and a discernible court's duty to develop the common law as necessary to improve the realisation of the rights established by the Act. A point is made in the article that judicial decisions involving the application of company law must be justified by reference to a cohesive set of values from the Bill of Rights. This is part of transformative constitutionalism. It demands that even commercial law principles should no longer be blindly accepted simply because precedent says so, or for the reason that it is expedient for the purposes of commercial certainty. The article argues that the Act permits the direct horizontal application of the Bill of Rights on its provisions in two stated ways. It is also argued that the Act permits the indirect application of the Bill of Rights through the development of the common law where it is deficient in promoting the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. The development of the common law, it is argued, is vital for producing an incremental and cohesive body of constitutionalised common law in the company law context.
Legal Interpretation after Endumeni: Clarification, Contestation, Application
Authors: Le Roux Wessel , Rautenbach Christa
Published: November 2019

This special edition consists of a selection of contributions delivered during a conference "Towards an integrated approach to the interpretation of legal documents: contracts, wills and statutes", hosted by the University of the Western Cape, on 23 March 2018. The aim of the conference was to take stock of the state of legal interpretation in South Africa five years after the watershed judgment was delivered in Joint Natal Municipal Pension Fund v Endumeni Municipality. The papers in the special edition provide a clarification, contestation and application of the Edumeni approach to the interpretation of legal documents.
Science Teacher Inquiry Identity: A Comparative Duoethnographic Study of Canada and Ethiopia Viewed Through a Bourdieusian Lens
Authors: McPherson Heather , Narayanan Shanmugavalli
Published: November 2019

Globally, science teachers have been tasked with developing new pedagogies that incorporate inquiry-based and problem-based teaching strategies. In this article, we focus on a duoethnographic study of two teachers (the authors of the article). One of the authors teaches high school science in Canada, and the second has taught high school science in India and Ethiopia. We share our remarkably similar stories, which began with unaddressed pedagogical dilemmas and which, because of a lack in professional development opportunities, culminated in our return to graduate studies in science education. Drawing on the theoretical constructs of Bourdieu, we present our narratives as a study of how we negotiated the current science curriculum reform discourses that have shaped our professional identities. Our struggle to transform our professional identities has provided us with valuable insights as we work with preservice, novice, and in-service teachers to develop the reform-based pedagogies of inquiry-based and problem-based teaching.
Democratie Processes to Overcome Destructive Power Relations and Sustain Environmental Education in Primary Schools: Implications for Teacher Education in Tanzania
Authors: Kalungwizi Vituce Jelasy , Gjøtterud Sigrid Marie , Krogh Erling
Published: November 2019

This paper is based on a follow-up study of a participatory action research (PAR) project aimed at improving environmental education (EE) in teacher colleges and primary schools in Tanzania. The aim of the current paper is to discuss the power relations involved in sustaining the EE process initiated in the PAR project. We developed two research questions: "To what degree do the democratic processes in the PAR project enable the tutors, teachers, and local community members to continue developing EE while simultaneously addressing the environmental challenges?" and "In what ways do the power relations influence the further development of EE?" We conducted focus-group discussions and interviews with the college dean, tutors from the selected teacher college, and teachers from primary schools who had participated in the project, one year after the researcher left the project. In addition, we interviewed village leaders and local experts. Finally, we undertook nonparticipant observations. We found that, despite hierarchical decisions to transfer teachers, the EE learning processes started in the PAR project continued. We discuss the possibilities for strengthening democratic relations in the educational system in Tanzania through PAR, and recommend the inclusion of PAR in the teacher education curriculum in Tanzania.
Systematic analysis of global health research funding in Canada, 2000–2016
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Gunn Elliot , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Nixon Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Considering recent shifts in global funding landscapes, this study analyzes Canada’s long-term global health research funding trends in the hope of informing a new Canadian global health research strategy. Examining past investments can help prioritize limited future resources to either build on Canada’s existing strengths or fill gaps where needed, while simultaneously informing the investments of research funders in other countries.

Methods

Administrative data were analyzed covering all 1584 global health research grants awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to 927 unique principal investigators from 2000 to 2016, totalling C$341 million. Existing metadata associated with each grant was supplemented by additional qualitative coding. Descriptive time-series analyses of global health research grant data were conducted using various measures related to each grant’s recipient (e.g., province, university, sex, distribution) and subject matter (e.g., research theme, area, focus).

Results

CIHR’s total annual global health research funding increased sharply from $3.6 million in FY2000/2001 to $30.3 million in FY2015/2016, with the largest share of research funding now focused on health equity—representing nearly 50% of CIHR’s global health research funding. Past grants have concentrated on infectious disease and public health research. One third of CIHR’s global health grant funding went to 20 principal investigators. Only 42.2% of global health research funding came from CIHR’s open investigator-driven competitions, with the rest coming from strategic priority-driven competitions.

Conclusion

Global health research has seen steady increases in funding from CIHR’s open competitions when preceded by investment in strategic competitions, which suggests the level of a national research funding agency’s strategic investments in global health research may determine the size of the field in their country. The greatest concentration of past investment lies in health equity research, followed by infectious disease research. Future analyses of research funding would benefit from an internationally accepted keyword classification scheme and more granular administrative data.
High Density Cultivation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using the HDC 6.10B system (CellDeg) v1
Authors: Mantovani Oliver , DD Dienst Dennis , Lindberg Pia
Published: November 2019

The CellDeg© high density cultivation system is a revolutionary culturing system for photoautotrophic microorganisms. The culturing vessels come with a semi-permeable membrane on the bottom that allows the diffusion of CO2, while a membrane in the lid (on top of the vessel) facilitated the passage of O2. By placing the vessels on top of a highly concentrated carbonate buffer reservoir with high CO2 partial pressure - in combination with constant agitation, nutrient-rich media and high light intesities - the system allows the obtainment of precedingly unparalleled cell densities [1]. This protocol has been established in the Lindberg lab at Ångström laboratory (Uppsala University) for highly efficient sesquiterpenoid production with Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using a dodecane overlay as in situ extractant. The protocol has been proven successful for small-scale screening procedures over time periods of up to one week. [1] Bähr, L., Wüstenberg, A. & Ehwald, R. J Appl Phycol (2016) 28: 783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0614-5