bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Haitian Habits” or Occupation Policies?: Harris Lifschitz and the Unevenness of State Building in Haiti, 1898–1921
Authors: Casey Matthew
Published: February 2016

This article employs the case of Harris Lifschitz, a US citizen who amassed wealth in Haiti from 1898 until his 1921 murder, to explore US imperialism in Haiti. First, Lifschitz illustrates foreigners’ ability to transition from informal imperialism before the occupation to more lucrative activities under US control. Second, he reveals the occupation’s uneven process of state building. Despite centralization, areas of local autonomy remained and property titles were poorly administered. Lifschitz despoiled Haitians through a combination of his aggressive use of Haitian courts, which functioned outside US control, his exploitation of the occupation’s weak land administration and the occupation’s penchant for enforcing laws with strict efficiency. Third, he illustrates the need to transcend stark categories of occupiers and occupied. Initially, US marines accused Lifschitz of Haitian-style corruption; Haitians saw him as an agent of empire. Later, Lifschitz employed the language and transnational channels of the opposition movement for his own gain, causing some activists to portray him as a martyr of US imperialism.
L’Impact de l’occupation américaine d’Haïti (1915–1934) sur le créole haïtien (kreyòl) : Enrichissement lexical et nouveaux besoins matériels
Authors: Saint-Fort Hugues
Published: February 2016

Dans cet article, j’examine dans une première partie ce qui est advenu sur le plan lexical de la rencontre entre les locuteurs du créole haïtien et les locuteurs de l’anglais à la faveur de l’occupation américaine d’Haïti (1915–1934). Historiquement, le français a toujours été la langue lexificatrice du kreyòl, c’est-à-dire la langue fournisseuse de la majorité des unités lexicales de cette langue. Cependant, au-delà du lexique, le français a aussi contribué à la formation de la syntaxe créole. Avec l’occupation américaine, les locuteurs de la langue créole vont se trouver en contact avec des locuteurs d’un autre type de langue, l’anglais. Leurs habitudes linguistiques vont se modifier et de nouveaux mots vont pénétrer dans le lexique du créole haïtien. J’étudierai dans quels domaines va se manifester cette rencontre entre des Haïtiens de classes sociales diverses, en positions de dominés, et des « Marines » américains en position de dominants. L’une des conséquences de cette rencontre a consisté en un enrichissement lexical du créole haïtien. Une deuxième phase de cet enrichissement lexical du kreyòl a pris place cette fois à travers l’émigration massive des Haïtiens vers les États-Unis à partir de la fin des années 1960. Cette émigration massive des Haïtiens a engendré un transnationalisme fondamental qui consolide les tendances apparues au cours de l’occupation américaine. J’étudierai les tendances qui se dégagent de cette rencontre entre les immigrants haïtiens et les locuteurs américains.
“To Start Something to Help These People”: African American Women and the Occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934
Authors: Byrd Brandon R.
Published: February 2016

In 1915, United States marines arrived in Haiti. Their landing signaled the beginning of an occupation that would cripple Haiti long after it ended in 1934. Scholars have offered compelling insights into African American opposition to the erosion of Haitian sovereignty. But this scholarship has prioritized the activism of Black men and male-dominated institutions while deemphasizing the complex reaction of Black women to the occupation. This article highlights that overlooked reaction. It shows that some leading Black women continued to speak of the need to civilize Haiti. Others constructed organizations that emerged from imperialist discourses and sometimes relied upon imperialist structures. By demonstrating how middle-class and elite Black women navigated a transitional moment in Black intellectual history—adhering to traditional notions of racial uplift, civilization, and respectability even as they presented radical calls for Haitian liberation—my paper contributes to the literature on the US occupation of Haiti while establishing new lines of inquiry into Black political culture, women’s organizing, and US imperialism.
(Re)Lire Georges Sylvain, écrivain à la croisée des frontières
Authors: Ménard Nadève
Published: February 2016

Si Charlemagne Péralte est le nom le plus facilement identifié à la lutte armée contre l’occupation américaine d’Haïti, Georges Sylvain est la figure qui représente la résistance intellectuelle. Cependant, Georges Sylvain demeure une figure marginale pour la majorité des chercheurs et ses écrits sont peu exploités. Ceci s’explique par le fait que Sylvain est connu pour différents éléments de sa production qui ne sont presque jamais considérés comme faisant partie d’un ensemble. Ce que je me propose de faire est de montrer comment Sylvain manie le langage dans son travail de résistance contre l’occupation américaine de son pays. La langue devient un outil dans son combat contre cette agression politique et militaire. En même temps, il est très soucieux de laisser des traces écrites de ce moment particulier de l’histoire haïtienne. Je veux donc montrer qu’on ne peut pas séparer la carrière d’écrivain de Sylvain de son rôle de résistant face à l’occupation américaine parce qu’une grande partie de cette résistance a eu lieu au niveau du discours. La stratégie de Sylvain se basait sur son maniement du langage, dans sa capacité de lire les autres, leurs dits et non-dits. La formation de Sylvain est essentielle dans cette démarche. Il fait appel à son savoir juridique pour renforcer les frontières haïtiennes contre l’attaque américaine. Il montre aussi que l’action américaine est en conflit avec les lois des États-Unis. En même temps, Sylvain va minimiser la frontière entre Haïti et la République Dominicaine au niveau du langage pour pouvoir mobiliser les populations des deux pays contre l’occupation. Sa capacité d’adaptation par rapport à différentes cultures, si présente dans son œuvre littéraire, lui donne les outils pour lutter contre l’occupation.
Capture Land: Jamaica, Haiti, and the United States Occupation
Authors: Smith Matthew J.
Published: February 2016

The possibility of United States intervention had hovered over Haitian politics for several years prior to the occupation. But Haiti’s allies in Jamaica had reasoned that with the right sort of leadership it could be averted. The question above all was what the US military troops would do in Haiti. A Jamaica Times editorial sounded a dismal warning that under US control “it will be very hard for Hayti ever again to emerge as an independent state.” Yet even if this was so, the paper argued, the results would be to Haiti’s benefit: “Hayti must become a very different country to that which is at present breaking the heart of all those who really love her, shocking and disgusting the sensibility of the civilized world.” The “civilized world,” however, had never been kind to Haiti. A Jamaica Times journalist in 1915 was correct in stating that Haiti had fared better at the hands of sympathetic Jamaican reporters than at those of writers outside the Caribbean. This was in large measure a result of the frequency of exile of prominent Haitians in the island, which facilitated enduring associations. But the events of July 1915, when Haitian president Vilbrun Guillaume-Sam was publicly and brutally killed by rival forces, presented a new circumstance unlike anything that had prevailed before. Some Jamaicans had previously advocated some form of foreign control to take Haiti out of its quagmire of short-term governments. Where Haiti would go, now that US marines were on the ground, was undeterminable. Over the next two decades Jamaican observances and commentaries on the US occupation of Haiti reflected a particular British West Indian view. While some US commentators—especially within the African American community—would grow increasingly oppositional to their government’s military control of the republic, the response of Jamaicans was less consistent. They were guided in various ways by racial and regional solidarity but their public statements about occupied Haiti also implied their own conflicted perceptions of empire. Over the nineteen years of US rule in Haiti, Jamaican elites would reflect some of the contradictions of their Haitian counterparts as they contemplated the marine presence, Haiti’s future, and the role of US imperialism in the Caribbean.
US Occupation and Frankétienne’s Schizophrenic Writing
Authors: Lenoble Alex
Published: February 2016

This article explores the ways in which what I am calling the “schizophrenic writing” of Haitian author Frankétienne constitutes an aesthetic response to the US occupation of Haiti (1915–1934). I argue that the US occupation of Haiti is symptomatic of a shift in the symbolic order from which the Haitian subject is once again excluded as “other.” In H’éros-chimères , Franketienne’s personal trauma—his conception during the rape of his mother—merges with the traumatic structure of Haitian history—from slavery to dictatorships and natural catastrophes. Readable as a bodily inscription and as a textual repetition, the “original” wound(s) initiate(s) Frankétienne’s nonrepresentational writing, which questions Western ideologies by occupying the uninhabitable site of the real. The argument is twofold: first, I address some general questions about the specificity of the US occupation compared to other phenomena such as colonization, military deployment, economic exploitation, and even humanitarian intervention. Second, I investigate the notion of Frankétienne’s schizophrenic writing, which I posit as an attempt to occupy the real . If colonization and subsequent interventions in Haiti confiscated the domain of the symbolic—typically reserved for Western subjects—then occupying the real may become a political gesture of resistance that reveals the unexpected consequences of what was at the time conceived as a “generous intervention.”
Women on the Move: Reinterpreting Haitian Migration to Cuba through an Analysis of the Bahamas
Authors: Jacques Ermitte St.
Published: February 2016

Of the many legacies of the first US occupation of Haiti, migration has been paramount in shaping economic development and cultural transformation. In giving rise to mass migration among the peasantry, the US occupation instituted migration as a livelihood option for Haitians. The large majority of Haitian migrants went to Cuba. Since Haitian men traditionally harvested sugar and, accordingly, were recruited to work on Cuban sugar plantations owned by US companies, the composition of the migration was primarily male. Given the high proportion of men, Haitian migration to Cuba during the occupation has largely been interpreted through a male perspective. Studies have generally focused on the conditions of laborers, presented as exclusively male, on sugar estates. The attention given to male labor migrants has framed the study of the movement of Haitian women to Cuba. When Haitian women have been considered, their mobility has been defined in relation to Haitian men, stripping Haitian women of their agency. In this paper, I argue for a reinterpretation of Haitian migration to Cuba that considers the mobility of Haitian women independently of Haitian men, based on the descriptions of two Haitian women who migrated unaccompanied to the Bahamas. In presenting their stories, I draw on observations gained from ethnographic fieldwork among Haitian migrants in the Bahamas during the late 1990s to call into question the historical depiction of Haitian women in Cuba. I discuss the hardships unaccompanied Haitian women faced in the Bahamas and propose that these difficulties would have been similar for Haitian women who migrated independently to Cuba. Given the scale of the migration and the role of foreign interests and investments in its direction, the migration of Haitian peasants to Cuba during the US occupation of Haiti established precedents that were repeated in later movements across the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Understanding the conditions under which Haitian women migrated to Cuba, therefore, is critical for interpreting subsequent migrations of Haitian women in the region.
“By Not Stopping”: The First Taiwan Expedition (1874) and the Roots of Japanese Military Disobedience
Authors: Orbach Danny
Published: February 2016

On April 26, 1874, Lieutenant General Saigō Tsugumichi, the commander of an impending Japanese invasion to Taiwan, was ordered by the Meiji government to withhold the expedition at the last moment, but he defied his political leaders and invaded the island. This article explores what circumstances led Saigō to disobey and how his decision indirectly helped to shape the legal and institutional basis for the later autonomy of the Japanese army. This autonomy engendered in turn a culture of military disobedience that haunted the imperial armed forces up to the 1930s.
From Island Nation to Oceanic Empire: A Vision of Japanese Expansion from the Periphery
Authors: Uchida Jun
Published: February 2016

This article examines the diasporic thought of Sugiura Shigetake (1855–1924), an early and largely overlooked proponent of Japanese empire. Written during the Tokugawa-Meiji transition, Sugiura’s work illustrates a crucial link between domestic reform and maritime expansion while demonstrating a debt to the new ideologies of Japanism, Pan-Asianism, and liberalism. His perspective as a native of Ōmi Province, moreover, reveals a distinctive strain of colonial thought that envisioned people on the periphery of a newly unified Japan, from Ōmi merchants to social outcastes, as central agents of expansion.
Why Saikaku Was Memorable but Bakin Was Unforgettable
Authors: Dowdle Brian C.
Published: February 2016

This essay reconsiders the motivations and results of the “rediscovery” of the author Ihara Saikaku in the Meiji period. Conventionally, the reevaluation of Saikaku is seen as a nationalist reaction to Westernization; however, this essay situates it within the increasing prevalence of reprints of texts by Kyokutei Bakin, the eclectic literary interests of Awashima Kangetsu, and the personal expectations of Uchida Roan, who represented Saikaku as an alternative to Bakin. It identifies an inversion of the Meiji literary marketplace within the English-language canon of literature of the Edo period—Saikaku is omnipresent and Bakin is all but forgotten.
The Politics of Migration in Tokugawa Japan: The Eastward Expansion of Shin Buddhism
Authors: Drixler Fabian
Published: February 2016

Between 1790 and 1868, tens of thousands of settlers migrated from Hokuriku to the North Kanto and the Northeast, usually under the active encouragement of local authorities trying to reverse recent population declines. This migration faced formidable obstacles. Governments in Hokuriku often opposed the departure of their subjects, and in the East, many local communities did not want outsiders to settle in their midst. It was primarily networks of temples that bridged these mental moats. That such networks were necessary to enable migration between jurisdictions underlines how exclusive Japan’s local communities remained even in the nineteenth century.
Lolita as Petersburg Text
Authors: Martinsen Deborah A.
Published: February 2016

Is the ending of Lolita real or imagined? Does Humbert Humbert visit Dolly Schiller and murder Quilty? Or doesn’t he? While most scholars accept the fictional reality of the last three days’ events, a growing number of scholars cite the novel’s chronology to challenge that reading. Since Humbert declares that he has been writing for 56 days, they count back from his reported death and determine that he began writing the day he claims to receive Dolly’s letter. The novel’s chronology thus undermines a realist reading but does not undo it altogether. This article explores the overlooked possibility that Lolita ’s ending is deliberately ambiguous. Returning to Nabokov’s roots in the Russian literary tradition, I argue that Lolita , Nabokov’s most American novel, is also a Petersburg text. A native of St. Petersburg, Nabokov adopts the narrative ambiguity that characterizes Pushkin’s “The Queen of Spades,” Gogol’s “The Nose,” and Dostoevsky’s The Double . These works not only engage themes of duality, madness, and dreams common to other Petersburg texts, they also raise ontological questions and contain evidence on both sides that cannot be dismissed. Placing Lolita into this tradition thus provides a both/and rather than an either/or solution to the revisionist debate.
Free At Last: the Heroic Escape of Timofey Pnin
Authors: Rodimtseva Irina
Published: February 2016

Comparing endings of several Nabokov’s novels, the article shows Pnin’s final departure as a heroic break from the past similar to those of Martin in Glory and Ganin in Mary. Pnin’s travels are used as a lens to examine the readers’ changing perception of the protagonist and his emergence from a distorted portrait created by Vladimir Vladimirovich, the book’s narrator. Often conflated with the author, Vladimir Vladimirovich unmasks himself as a villain narrator whose ambition is to be taken for Nabokov. Pnin’s final exit is also an escape from the snares of misrepresentation.
Nabokov’s Switzerlands: Discovery, Recovery, and Ayn Rand’s Atlantis
Authors: Knapp Shoshana Milgram
Published: February 2016

In the essay “On a Book Entitled Lolita ,” Vladimir Nabokov singles out as one of the “nerves of the novel” Humbert Humbert’s recollection of an epiphany. Looking down from a mountain trail at a small mining town and hearing the sounds of children at play, Humbert had realized: “then I knew that the hopelessly poignant thing was not Lolita’s absence from my side, but the absence of her voice from that concord.” The setting of this scene was inspired not only by a specific lepidopterological expedition, but by Nabokov’s memory of Switzerland’s scenery and by his observation of an American equivalent.
A Rich and Fertile Allusive World of Style: Cracking the Barrier of Nabokov’s “Indeterminacy”
Authors: Green Geoffrey
Published: February 2016

Since Nabokov’s death in 1977, scholars grappled with the seemingly omnipresent “signature” of the author. A feature in nearly all of his novels, Nabokov’s signature—his cameo appearances in anagrammatic or descriptive form; along with his unique stylistic mastery and his characteristic themes—prompted discussions and debates as to the “approved” or “official” interpretive version of the novels. Comments from the author—in the form of forewords, interviews, afterwords, and the like—reinforced the sense of a modernist determinacy applying to his fiction. In the cases of novels such as Pale Fire , Lolita , The Real Life of Sebastian Knight , and Pnin , for example, scholars gathered in interpretive “camps,” challenging opposing interpretive visions. I counter such approaches with the claim that the author’s achievement transcends the particulars of his critical approach or individual interpretive preference. When explored from this perspective, the apparently daunting indeterminacy of Nabokov’s novels becomes an inviting world of illusions, illuminating by Nabokov’s stylistic brilliance, but opening out into a dynamic that allows readers to collaborate in devising multiply plausible and satisfying interpretive readings. Such a perspective, I propose, provides a progress, out of debate and into exploration—of the seemingly innumerable interpretive possibilities that open up by means of a collaborative model of Nabokov’s metaphor network and intertextual allusions. Using Pale Fire , Lolita, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight , and Pnin as brief examples, I will focus on multiple readings of the stories, “Signs and Symbols,” “’That in Aleppo Once,’” and “Scenes from the Life of a Double Monster.” The result I propose is a Nabokov for the 21 st century, an author whose unique body of work is both a product of its time, place, influences, and circumstances, but also a transcendence of these elements.
Aggressive Tendencies: Lolita and the Conscripted Reader
Authors: Wilhite Keith
Published: February 2016

This essay reads Lolita within the broader context of midcentury advice literature intended to manage marriage, parenting, and sexuality. Moving away from critiques that read the novel as a parody of the prescriptive genre, Wilhite argues that Humbert’s narrative and what Nabokov calls the “aesthetic bliss” of his novel are consistent with a cultural incitement to classify sexual practices and identities for an uneasy readership. Devotees of parenting guides and marriage manuals turn to such works in search of answers, and Humbert knows that readers of his confessional narrative are also on a quest for information—to learn the salacious details of his affair with Lolita. In similar ways, Lolita and prescriptive literature depend on the presence of a curious and conscripted reader, and from John Ray Jr.’s Foreword to Nabokov’s “On a Book Entitled Lolita ,” the novel sustains a hyper-vigilant awareness of, and apprehension about, its audience. This balancing act between curiosity and control suggests a new framework for understanding how Lolita exercises power over, and exhibits aggressive tendencies toward, its sexually inquisitive and anxious readers.
Nabokov’s Index Puzzle: Life and Art Transcendent in Speak, Memory
Authors: Garcia Michael Nieto
Published: February 2016

Vladimir Nabokov’s autobiography, Speak, Memory, begins with a riddle. For fifty years the riddle-poem posed by Nabokov to his readers in the 1966 Foreword of the book has stood as an unsolved mystery. Certainly, there has been much commentary on the mysterious riddle-poem over the years, but as a quintessentially Nabokovian riddle—one that makes a fairly direct allusion of some sort, despite possibly first sending the reader off on a “wild goose chase”—it remains unsolved. This essay offers a possible solution to the riddle-poem, arguing (spoiler alert) that the rose of the poem refers to Nabokov’s translation of Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin and, more abstractly, to the possibility of transcendence through art. The transcendence of art—and of mortality through art—is one of Nabokov’s most persistent themes, one found throughout his oeuvre and, aptly, emerging as the central trope of his autobiography. The autobiography, by its very nature as life-transmuted-into-art, attempts to do just that: to transcend time, space, and mortality by converting the author's life into a work of art. By pointing readers to the spiral pattern (Nabokov’s metaphor for transcendence), rainbow metaphor, and metamorphosis themes found in the index, the riddle-poem further reinforces the theme of transcendence.
Lolita : Nabokov’s Rewriting of Dostoevski’s The Brothers Karamazov
Authors: Dragunoiu Dana
Published: February 2016

The essay takes its cue from an early hint in The Gift that Nabokov conceived the plot of Lolita as “a kind of Dostoevskian tragedy.” Indeed, the essay argues that Nabokov is deliberately rewriting The Brothers Karamazov in Lolita by revisiting the central philosophical dilemmas that organize Ivan Karamazov’s twin claims that “One really cannot expect eloquence from a murderer,” and that “everything is permitted” in a world without God and immortality.
A Reader’s Beheading: Nabokov’s Invitation and Authorial Utopia
Authors: Botwick Aaron
Published: February 2016

“A Reader’s Beheading: Nabokov’s Invitation and Authorial Utopia” argues that Invitation to a Beheading polemically outlines Nabokov’s position on the relationship between reader and writer: in other words, that writing and reading are difficult, elite pursuits whose meanings should necessarily be available only to those willing to face and surmount the magician’s challenges. Narratively, it operates as a kind of roman à clef in which Cincinnatus C. follows a trajectory towards artistic freedom (or authorial utopia) where he is liberated from the constraints of poor readers—among them literalists and Freudians—while Nabokov, ever the unaccommodating creator, frustrates that progression with the help of a haphazard narrator. The novel is ultimately a statement of artistic intent, one that grants the pleasures of the author’s puzzles to a select few. Nabokov, it seems, would rather be a “violin in a void” than a popular author misused and abused by his audience.
Recent Efforts Toward Collaborative Preservation of Recorded Sound
Authors: Smith Jeremy A.
Published: February 2016

Since their initial development in the nineteenth century, recording technologies have presented a unique opportunity for documenting sonic expressions of cultural and historical significance. A variety of preservation challenges, however, have combined to threaten the long-term availability of many of these valuable resources. The passing of the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 (Public Law No. 106-474) helped to draw significant attention to these challenges, while inspiring a number of publications and projects that have begun to articulate constructive opportunities for a path forward. A consistent theme among these works is the benefit of coordination at the national level for accomplishing broad-scale audio preservation. This article describes several such coordinated efforts, with a focus on the recent initiatives from the Internet Archive to build a shared music library. While substantial challenges remain, coordinated efforts such as these create the potential for increasing the efficiency of audio digitization efforts by decreasing the duplication of work that is undoubtedly occurring at present at the national level.
Music, Youtube, and Academic Libraries
Authors: Dougan Kirstin
Published: February 2016

The current environment of video sharing sites like YouTube, and direct-to-consumer digital music distribution models, presents challenges to academic music libraries’ primary mission of building collections of materials to support research and create a record of scholarly and artistic output. The rise in the use of smart mobile devices that allow individuals to store large quantities of music and use sites like YouTube has created an expectation that finding and accessing music should be convenient and easy. This article examines the ways in which university music faculty members in the United States consider YouTube use in their teaching and research. It finds that there are differences in how faculty in different music subdisciplines view and use YouTube, and that there is a dichotomy in how faculty as a whole value YouTube for teaching compared with their own work. Faculty understanding of YouTube’s content, legality, and applications for teaching and research varies widely. Finally, this article illuminates how faculty view their institutional libraries in comparison to sites like YouTube, and explores the implications all of this might have for the future of library collections.
Bacterial species pluralism at the light of medicine and endosymbiosis
Authors: Suárez Javier
Published: February 2016

This paper aims to offer a new argument in defence bacterial species pluralism. To do so, I shall first present the particular issues derived from the conflict between the non-theoretical understanding of species as units of classification and the theoretical comprehension of them as units of evolution. Secondly, I shall justify the necessity of the concept of species for the bacterial world, and show how medicine and endosymbiotic evolutionary theory make use of different concepts of bacterial species due to their distinctive purposes. Finally, I shall show how my argument provides a new source of defence for bacterial pluralism.
Armonía Dialógica: tonk, Teoría Constructiva de Tipos y Reglas para Jugadores Anónimos
Authors: Redmond Juan , Rahman Shahid
Published: February 2016

En la bibliografía reciente sobre lógica dialógica se estudia el caso de tonk y el concepto antirrealista de armonía. Ahora bien, desde la publicación de esos textos la teoría dialógica ha sido vinculada con la Teoría Constructiva de Tipos (CTT) la cual posee sus propios medios para responder a tonk. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es mostrar que, desde la perspectiva dialógica, la armonía de las reglas de la CTT es consecuencia de un nivel más fundamental de significado en el que las reglas se formulan independientemente del jugador que las aplica.
Temperatura-base e soma térmica para a Zínia ‘Profusion Cherry’ envasada cultivada em ambiente protegido
Authors: Gonçalves Charleston , Castro Carlos Eduardo Ferreira , Júnior Mário José Pedro , Tucci Maria Luiza Sant’anna
Published: February 2016

The growing of consumer market demands introduction of new species of flowers and cultivars primarily for production under protected cultivation. The zinnia by the quickness of production can be regarded as an alternative, however demand studies by the lack of information in the literature. We evaluated the duration of different periods, the base temperature and thermal accumulation, expressed as degree-days for the potted zinnia ‘Profusion Cherry’, conducted under protected cultivation for different phenological subperiods. The test was conducted in a greenhouse covered with plastic and closed laterally with shading-net and the duration of subperiods were made to twenty times after sowing. The base temperature was determined by relative development and values-based temperature and thermal time in degree-days (DD). The results for the different phases were, respectively: first open flower-planting: 4.1 °C and GD 838, first open flower - 50% of flowers open: 3.0 °C and 184 GD and 50% of flowers open - senescence: 6.9 °C and 238 GD.
Excessive interatrial adiposity is associated with left atrial remodeling, augmented contractile performance in asymptomatic population
Authors: Lai Yau-Huei , Yun Chun-Ho , Su Cheng-Huang , Yang Fei-Shih , Yeh Hung-I , Hou Charles Jia-Yin , Wu Tung-Hsin , Cury Ricardo C. , Bezerra Hiram G. , Hung Chung-Lieh
Published: February 2016

Purpose: Pericardial adipose tissue had been shown to exert local effects on adjacent cardiac structures. Data regarding the mechanistic link between such measures and left atrial (LA) structural/functional remodeling, a clinical hallmark of early stage heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence, in asymptomatic population remain largely unexplored.

Methods: This retrospective analysis includes 356 subjects free from significant valvular disorders, atrial fibrillation, or clinical HF. Regional adipose tissue including pericardial and periaortic fat volumes, interatrial septal (IAS), and left atrioventricular groove (AVG) fat thickness were all measured by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) (Aquarius 3D Workstation, TeraRecon, San Mateo, CA, p]USA). We measured LA volumes, booster performance, reservoir capacity as well as conduit function, and analyzed their association with adiposity measures.

Results: All four adiposity measures were positively associated with greater LA volumes (all P < 0.05), while IAS and AVG fat were also related to larger LA kinetic energy and worse reservoir capacity (both P < 0.01). In multivariate models, IAS fat thickness remained independently associated with larger LA volumes, increased LA kinetic energy and ejection force (ß-coef: 0.17 & 0.15, both P < 0.05), and impaired LA reservoir and conduit function (ß-coef: -0.20 & -0.12, both P < 0.05) after adjusting for clinical variables.

Conclusion: Accumulated visceral adiposity, especially interatrial fat depots, was associated with certain LA structural/functional remodeling characterized by impaired LA reservoir and conduit function though augmented kinetic energy and ejection performance. Our data suggested that interatrial fat burden may be associated with certain detrimental LA functions with compensatory LA adaptation in an asymptomatic population.
Interaction of steroid receptor coactivators and estrogen receptors in the human placenta
Authors: Kim Seung Chul , Park Mee-Na , Lee Young Joo , Joo Jong Kil , An Beum-Soo
Published: February 2016

Female sex steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone have a pivotal role in maintaining pregnancy in human and animals. Especially, estrogen exerts specific effects on the cardiovascular system and angiogenesis, and thus affects significantly on placentation. Although the functions of estrogen have been emphasized during pregnancy, their signaling pathways in the placenta have not been fully understood. In this study, estrogen signaling was evaluated according to gestational age. Human placenta samples were collected and divided into early preterm (n=10), late preterm (n=18), and term (n=20) groups. First, serum estrogen concentration and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, which is known as gestation clock gene, were increased following gestation age in our experimental condition, as we expected. Next, the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) in the placenta was evaluated. ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2) were expressed highly at term period compared with early preterm. In addition, SRC family including SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 was expressed in the human placenta, and the levels of SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 were increased in the placenta at the late stage of gestation. The interaction of ERs with SRCs was also examined, which was significantly enhanced at term period. In the immunostaining results, it was indicated that ERs and SRCs were all dominantly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast cells. These results suggested that SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 were expressed and interact with ERs highly at the late stage of gestation, and may amplify the signaling of estrogen in the placenta to maintain pregnancy.
Az idült májbetegségek progressziójához vezető folyamatok
Authors: Egresi Anna , Lengyel Gabriella , Somogyi Anikó , Blázovics Anna , Hagymási Krisztina
Published: February 2016

As the result of various effects (viruses, metabolic diseases, nutritional factors, toxic agents, autoimmune processes) abnormal liver function, liver steatosis and connective tissue remodeling may develop. Progression of this process is complex including various pathways and a number of factors. The authors summarize the factors involved in the progression of chronic liver disease. They describe the role of cells and the produced inflammatory mediators and cytokines, as well as the relationship between the disease and the intestinal flora. They emphasize the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in disease progression. Insulin resistance and micro-elements (iron, copper) in relation to liver damage are also discussed, and genetic and epigenetic aspects underlying disease progression are summarized. Discovery of novel treatment options, assessment of the effectiveness of treatment, as well as the success and proper timing of liver transplantation may depend on a better understanding of the process of disease progression. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(8), 290–297.
Banff-score-változások a marginális donorokból származó veséknél
Authors: Borda Bernadett , Szederkényi Edit , Ottlakán Aurél , Kemény Éva , Szabó Viktor , Hódi Zoltán , Lázár György
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Despite an increase in the number of cadaver donors and the number of overall organ transplantations, the dramatic increase in the waiting list makes it necessary to reconsider donor criteria. Aim: The authors examined whether differences could exist in the function and/or morphology of transplanted kidneys originated from marginal and ideal donors one and five years after transplantation. Method: Kidney function and histopathologic findings were analysed and compared one and 5 years after transplantation in 97 patients having marginal donor kidneys and 178 patients who received ideal donor kidneys. Results: Serum creatinine level was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in patients having marginal donor kidneys as compared to those with ideal donor kidneys 5 years after transplantation. Morphological changes in the transplated kidneys such as tubulitis (p = 0.014) and interstitial inflammation (p = 0.025) were significantly more frequently present in patients with marginal donor kidneys than in those with ideal donor kidneys one year after transplantation. Conclusion: Despite an absence of differences in kidney function one year after kidney transplantation between patients having marginal and ideal donor kidneys, morphologic differences in the transplanted kidneys can be detected between the two groups of patients. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(8), 298–301.
Az élelmi rostokkal kapcsolatos fogyasztói ismeret – Hazai kérdőíves felmérés eredményei
Authors: Szűcs Viktória , Harangozó Júlia , Guiné Raquel P. F.
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Dietary fibres are key elements of healthy and balanced diet. Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore consumers’ knowledge considering fibre, their role in the purchasing decisions, and the cognition of the currently used as well as the possible information sources to encourage the fibre consumption. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 303 respondents. Results: Knowledge about the fibre sources has showed a kind of uncertainty of the respondents, while knowledge about their possible health effects was relatively profound. Internet appeared as a remarkable information source in the topic; however, results pointed out the importance of education, too. Participants more often consuming foodstuffs rich in fibre, women and respondents over 45 years old showed conscious attitudes regarding fibres. Conclusions: Guidelines and education containing authentic information and practical elements are essential, and as a result, consumers’ latent knowledge will appear in their conscious food choice decisions. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(8), 302–309.
Az endokrin orbitopathia differenciáldiagnosztikája
Authors: Erdei Annamária , Steiber Zita , Gazdag Annamária , Bodor Miklós , Berta Eszter , Szász Róbert , Szántó Antónia , Ujhelyi Bernadett , Barna Sándor , Berényi Ervin , Nagy V. Endre
Published: February 2016

Graves’ orbitopathy is the extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease, which is the most common cause of exophthalmos. As eye symptoms usually coincide with the development of thyrotoxicosis, the diagnosis of the disease is rarely difficult. The aim of the authors was to summarize the differential diagnosis of Graves’ orbitopathy based on literature review and presentation of their own four problematic cases on this topic. They conclude that symptoms similar to endocrine orbitopathy are present in other disorders. Endocrinologists need to be aware of these other conditions to avoid treatment failures. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(8), 310–315.
Globalization of clinical trials: ethical and regulatory implications
Authors: Silva Ricardo Eccard da , Amato Angélica Amorim , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi , Novaes Maria Rita Carvalho Garbi
Published: February 2016

The globalization of clinical research is a relatively recent phenomenon, in which many of these studies are taking place on a global scale, with a significant increase of clinical trials in developing countries. The largest clinical trials average annual growth from 2005–2012 occurred in Asian (30%), and Latin American/Caribbean (12%) regions; other geographic regions had growth rates less than the world average (8%). The largest average annual growth occurred in lower-middle income (33%) and low-income (21%) regions. Emerging economies from low-middle income countries (Iran, China, Egypt) had the largest country-specific growth; other countries included South Korea, Japan, India, Brazil, and Turkey. With the globalization of clinical trials, it becomes necessary to strengthen legal and ethical guidelines for guaranteeing the research participants’ integrity. Some observers noted, more than a decade ago, that studies were being run in developing countries without concerns regarding adherence to the international ethical principles. The process of globalization of clinical trials, therefore, can be advantageous because, for example, it gives to access to new treatments to participants; however, it requires discussion and the monitoring of ethical questions related mainly to ensuring the integrity, welfare and safety of the research participant; to the frames of reference of bioethics, such as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice and fairness.
Pharmaceutical innovation and technological dependence: a study of the Brazilian scenario
Authors: Silva Ricardo Eccard da , Amato Angélica Amorim , Novaes Maria Rita Carvalho Garbi
Published: February 2016

Background: Among other factors, a country’s pharmaceutical innovation and technological dependence is related to its ability to research and develop technology. Brazil imports pharmaceutical products and drugs, in order to meet the population’s needs. The present work’s objectives were to investigate whether the innovative drugs registered by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) had been studied in the Brazilian population and, among those studied, to describe the profile of the clinical trials held.

Methods: Documental and descriptive study. The data were obtained from databases: i) Anvisa’s Clinical Research Control System (SCPC) and ii) the Products and Services System in Health Surveillance (Datavisa).

Results: Among the drugs registered, the following were observed: 90 new molecules, of which 42% (38) had been studied in the Brazilian population; 24 new combinations of drugs, of which 33% (8) had been studied in the Brazilian population; 23 new biological drugs, of which 61% (14) had been studied in the Brazilian population; 80 new herbal drugs, of which 5% (4) had been studied in the Brazilian population. In the development of new synthetic molecules, 76% (29) had been studied in trials with foreign cooperation. For the new biological drugs, 86% had been studied in trials with foreign cooperation.  
Conclusions: A large majority, therefore, of the studies of radical innovations (new molecules and new biological drugs) and incremental innovations (inclusion of new therapeutic indications) involve foreign cooperation, which shows foreign companies’ capacity for innovation in contrast with those of Brazil.
A proposed novel ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy technique - the in-plane wire-in-needle approach: study design and rationale for multicenteric randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Alansari Mariam A. , Al-Jamaan Fadi
Published: February 2016

Background: The current evidence regarding the applications of Ultra Sound (US) in Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT) is encouraging. US guided PDT (US-PDT) has recently been recommended in difficult cases and is given a preference compared to bronchoscope guided PDT. The question on the difference in safety and efficacy of the different approaches in US-PDT (with or without the use of any technique to improve needle visualization) during US-PDT and whether it is likely to make a difference needs to be answered.

Methods: Literatures examining the different US-PDT approaches as well as whether any technique to improving needle visualization that has been used during US-PDT in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBAS E, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for in an attempt to answer the two questions raised. No study has yet compared the in plane to the out of plane approach for US-PDT nor looked at improving needle visualization during US-PDT. This raised the need for a clinical trial looking at the difference between the different US-PDT approaches with or without ways to improve needle visualization during US-PDT.

Results: Utilizing the best available evidence in US guided procedures in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), we proposed a study design that we think is likely to make a difference in US-PDT practice. The study is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of US guided PDT using the in-plane (I.P.) approach enhanced with the use of Wire-in-needle approach (W.I.N.A) and rocking motion of the transducer compared to the traditional out-of-plane approach without W.I.N.A.

Conclusions: The proposed (In-plane Wire-In-needle approach = I.P.W.I.N.A) as a potential to be a standard of care in US-PDT has its own limitations. Its safety, efficacy and feasibility in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials research settings needs to be tested and verified.
Crescimento inicial de ervilha sob diferentes níveis de compactação em dois tipos de solos
Authors: Silva A. L. , Matos A. C. B. , Hilst P. C. , Silva H. S.
Published: February 2016

O manejo do solo pode alterar as propriedades físicas do solo, sendo de grande importância para garantir o estabelecimento de plântulas e produtividade. A inovação de implementos e máquinas agrícolas e excesso de tratos culturais durante o manejo são os principais fatores que interferem nestas características. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da compactação de solos com diferentes classes texturais (argilosa e muito argilosa) no crescimento inicial de ervilha. O experimento foi montado em casa de vegetação com sementes de ervilha Itapuã 600. Cada tratamento contou com 4 repetições de 50 sementes em diferentes graus de compactação dos solos, com aplicações três cargas sobre os solos que resultaram em: argiloso: controle: 0,21, T1: 0,26, T2: 0,28 e T3: 0,33 MPa, textura muito argilosa: controle: 0,40, T1: 0,42, T2: 0,46 e T3: 0,53 MPa. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emergência, IVE, VE, comprimento de parte aérea e raiz, massa seca de parte aérea, raiz e massa seca total. Para as duas classes texturais a compactação teve influência sobre a massa seca da parte aérea no solo com textura argilosa e para IVE no solo com textura muito argilosa. Porém, ambos não tiveram relação direta com o nível de compactação.

Initial growth of pea under different compaction levels of two types of soils

Abstract: Soil management can alter the physical properties of the soil, being of great importance to ensure adequate levels of crop productivity. The innovation of agricultural implements and machinery and excess cultural practices during handling are the main factors that affect these characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of compaction of soils with different texture classes (clay and heavy clay) on the initial growth of pea. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Fitotecnia at UFV. Itapuã 600 pea seeds were used. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 50 seeds for each compression level (T1, T2, T3 and without compression) for the two soil textural classes. Were evaluated: emergency, IVE, VE, length of shoot and root dry weight of shoot, root mass and total dry mass. For both textural classes compaction is not observed influence on the parameters analyzed, except for dry weight of shoots in clayey soil, IVE in clayey soil. However, both were not directly related to the level of compression.

 
Ensino de História e tecnologias digitais: trabalhando com oficinas pedagógicas
Authors: Costa Marcella Albaine Farias da
Published: February 2016

A escola e a universidade, percebidas como espaços de conhecimento, encontram-se permanentemente interpeladas pelas novas demandas da sociedade, entre as quais, aquelas relacionadas à chamada revolução tecnológica. Considerando os debates atuais em torno da história digital, o texto tem por objetivo apresentar aos professores da educação básica e de nível superior possibilidades de trabalho com/sobre tecnologias digitais, a partir de atividades com oficinas pedagógicas. Analisam-se as diferenças entre as oficinas e as atividades ditas “tradicionais”, defendendo-se que aquelas se fixam como espaço e tempo de formação e pesquisa. As experiências partilhadas com base no uso de plataformas e ferramentas diversas evidenciam a distinção e os desafios próprios do “falar sobre” e do “operar com” tecnologia no âmbito de processos educativos. Por fim, questiona-se se a tecnologia, além de recurso pedagógico auxiliar, pode mudar a relação com a epistemologia histórica.