bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تحليل ومقارنة المحاولات الناجحة وفق بعض المؤشرات البيوميكانيكية بأستخدام تكنلوجيا التحليل الذكية للرفعات الأولمبية لرباعي النخبة العراقيين
Authors: Musa Kanaan Omran , Al-Sudani Ali
Published: August 2020

تكمن اهمية البحث في محاولة البحث دراسة بعض المؤشرات البيوميكانيكية باستخدام تكنولوجية التحليل الذكية للرفعات الأولمبية لرباعي النخبة العراقيين والذين يعقد عليهم الامل في تحقيق الانجاز العالي، ومن خلال خبرة الباحثان الميدانية (لاعبان ومدربان) ارتأى الاستمرار بدراسة رفعات الانجاز العالي للرباعين النخبة ورغم اهميتها والصورة الجميلة التي تقدمها بحاجة الى وقفة للمراجعة والتأمل للفائدة التي تقدمها للرباع عندما نقوم بتحليل ودراسة افضل رفعاته باستخدام التكنلوجيا الحليل الذكية الحديثة . استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي بالأسلوب التحليلي المقارن لملائمته طبيعة مشكلة البحث وتحقيق أهدافه. حيث تم اختيار مجتمع وعينة البحث المتمثل بالرباعي النخبة من رباعي المنتخب العراقي للشباب والمتقدمين للموسم (2019-2020) والبالغ عددهم (10) رباعين بالطريقة العمدية وتمثلت عينة البحث من (8) رباعين والذين يتم اعدادهم للمشاركة في بطولة العرب لرفع الاثقال، وتم استعمال جهاز المتحسس الكتروني للمسار (beast sensor weightlifting). واختبار الإنجاز لرفعة الخطف ورفعة النتر، وتم اجراء التجربة الرئيسية على رباعي المنتخب الوطني العراقي لرفع الاثقال في قاعة نادي بدرة التخصصي لرفع الأثقال في واسط . استنتج الباحثان ان الجهاز المستخدم (beast sensor weightlifting) والتحليل الحركي لمسار الثقل اسهما في توفير قاعدة بيانات دقيقة عن الاداء الفني للرفعات الأولمبية للرباعين النخبة. كما أسهمت المعلومات المشتقة من الجهاز والتحليل الحركي في رفد القيم البيومكانيكية لكل رباع مما سهل عملية التصحيح ووضع التمرينات والتوجيهات المناسبة. وأن القيم التي استخرجها الباحثان من الجهاز والتحليل الحركي حددت وبشكل علمي كيفية مراعات الفروق الفردية بين الرباعين من خلال تحديد مكامن الضعف في الاداء وتوجيه التمرينات البدنية والحركية نحو هذا الضعف من قبل المدرب. وان الرباعين الاقل عمراً تدريبياً كانوا هم الاكثر قابلية على تعديل مؤشرات المسار الحركي للثقل وتصحيح شكل الاداء الفني ونوعه. كما استنتج ان الرباعيين الاكبر عمراً تدريبياً بشكل نسبي لديهم القدرة الافضل في التحكم بمقادير القوة العضلية وسرعة الاداء خلال الرفعات وامكانية تعديل الاخطاء في الجانب البدني.
The Use of Time-Scale Analysis in Forensic Acoustical Investigations
Authors: Caligiuri Luigi Maxmilian , Giordano Domenica
Published: August 2020

The identification and characterization of noise events is one of the most important task in acousticalforensic analysis. In this field it is often fundamental to distinguish, within a complex acoustical framework, thedifferent noise events, especially because, in many cases, the operator cannot be present at the measurements. Itis fundamental to be able to distinguish the atypical or extraneous noise events from the specific ones underinvestigation and know what type of sources make up the noise climate. To this aim is essential to develop a time- frequency analysis technique able to overcame the known limitations of the “traditional” 1/3 of octave frequencyanalyses. In this paper a novel technique, based on multiresolution analysis, has been developed and applied tosome forensic “typical” problems, showing that a suitable choice of the analysis parameters can be able to answerto the main questions of this field
Wrench-fault structures superimposed by glaciotectonic complexes, interpreted from high-resolution reflection-seismic sections and boreholes along the western bank of Esrum Sø, north-east Sjælland, Denmark
Authors: Winslow Line Bayer , pedersen Stig A. Schack , Boldreel Lars Ole , Nørmark Egon
Published: August 2020

Wrench-fault structures below Danian limestone and Palaeogene marl, and an overlying
structural framework of Quaternary glacial deposits in north-east Sjælland,
Denmark, are interpreted from two vibro-seismic sections recorded to 600 msec TWT
depth. The main seismic section is 6.3 km long, N–S oriented, and intersected by a 0.7
km long, E–W oriented satellite seismic section. In addition, boreholes in the vicinity
of the seismic profile are used for the interpretation. The sections were acquired in
2014 along the western shoreline of the lake Esrum Sø in the Gribskov area. In the
lower part of the seismic section (the interval 100–300 msec TWT), parallel-bedded
geological layers occur along most of the profile apart from six locations, where six
wrench-fault structures displace the upper part of the Chalk Group and lower Palaeogene
marl. The northernmost of the six wrench-fault locations correlates to the
eastern slope of the buried Esrum–Alnarp valley, which suggests that the valley is
an inherited tectonic feature. The location of the wrench- fault structures supports
the outline of faults related to the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone on previous geological
maps, which had almost no seismic data from the area.
Above the stratigraphic level presented by the Danian limestone and lower Palaeogene
marl, a composite glaciotectonic complex comprising two glaciodynamic
sequences is recognized by e.g. thrust-fault structures and the lithostratigraphy
of glacial successions recorded in the wells. In parts of the seismic sections, the
lowermost level of the glaciotectonic complex inherited the wrench-tectonic fault
structures, most significantly seen in the northern segment. The advance of the
Scandinavian ice sheet caused the glaciotectonic structures displayed in the seismic
section. The two sequences represent events related to the Norwegian and the
Swedish glacial advances. From the interpretation of the seismic section it is found
that the glaciotectonic complex conceals the wrench-tectonic flower structures.
Existe convergência no BRICS a respeito da reforma da ordem internacional?
Authors: Rael Robson Cunha
Published: August 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar se há convergências entre os membros do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) a respeito da reforma da ordem internacional. Para isso, foram analisados os padrões de votação de cada membro nas resoluções da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU) sobre a reforma da ordem internacional. A convergência nas votações foi interpretada com base na comparação entre o teor das resoluções e das declarações de cúpula do BRICS. Dos dados coletados e analisados, pode-se inferir que os países do BRICS possuem interesses comuns para uma ordem internacional reformada, na qual eles possuam mais poder de decisão (principalmente em instituições financeiras).
Social justice, sustainable development and quality of life
Authors: Netswera Godfrey , Josie Jaya , Mthembu Philani , Phaahla Elias , Makukule Idah
Published: August 2020

BRICS countries have emerged globally and achieved a greater role in promoting economic self-growth over the past years, but economic growth without addressing issues regarding social development can deep the existing social inequality within BRICS’ societies. This paper discuss how BRICS countries fare in comparative terms on their social indicators: i) social development; ii) education; iii) health; and iv) cultural development, since these indicators have all been identified as integral to BRICS cooperation in the social sphere.
Attitude of Parents (Father & Mother) Towards Visually Impaired Students of Secondary Level in “Education”
Authors: chakraborty Palash , Dhar Dr. Debasish
Published: August 2020

Children with visually impaired may face difficulties that result in their experiencing emotional disturbance. There are very reasons for mood disorder among children with visual loss, such as feeling loneliness, avoidance to appear to learn in formal schools and greater dependency on help. According to RCI Act,1992 responsibility for visual disabilities including low vision and blindness PWD Act,1995 proposed the provision of improve educational services, medical care, vocational learning ,employment and social security for all persons with disabilities including blind and low vision. There are two educational systems for children with visually impaired 1. education in special schools 2. education in inclusive schools. The attitude of parents towards visually impaired students are very important in case of of their visually impaired children . The purpose of the study was to find out the attitude of parents(father & mother) to visually impaired students of class 9 standard. 20 visually impaired students of class 9 were taken for the study. Survey method was adopted to study the attitude of parents (father & mother) towards visually impaired students of secondary level and attitude scale were taken as tools & techniques.For the study the samples are taken from two blind schools of Kolkata. It was found that attitudes(father& mother) are favourable towards the visually impaired students of secondary level. They are very much sympathetic for the education of the their visually impaired sons or daughter.
Antimicrobial Activity of 2-((2-(hydroxyimino)-1- phenylpropylidene) Hydrazono)-1, 2- diphenylethanone (HMPPH) and its Derivative
Authors: Lele M.J. , Deshmukh Dr.R.G.
Published: August 2020

A new series of Cu(II), Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes were prepared with ligand 2-((2- (hydroxyimino)-1-phenylpropylidene) Hydrazono)-1, 2- diphenylethanone (HMPPH) corresponding to molecular formula (C23H18N3O2) has been synthesized and reported for the first time. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were characterized on the basis of various spectroscopic investigation like IR, NMR, UVVISIBLE spectroscopy, elemental analysis etc. While the geometry of the complexes was confirmed by electronic spectra, magnetic moment measurements. A preliminary screening of these compounds for biological activity against various microorganisms has indicated that they are microbial active against some microorganisms.
Zapałowicz’s Conspectus florae Galiciae criticus: Clarification of publication dates for nomenclatural purposes and bibliographic notes
Authors: Paszko Beata , Nikel Agnieszka , Mueller-Bieniek Aldona , Paul Wojciech
Published: August 2020

Work on the catalogue of type specimens of vascular plants deposited in the KRAM herbarium has highlighted uncertainties and errors in references to place of valid publication of numerous taxa described by Hugo Zapałowicz in his Conspectus florae Galiciae criticus – Krytyczny przegląd roślinności Galicyi (1904–1914). Zapałowicz published his work in an excerpt series, a serial publication and a multi-volume book, with much duplication amongst these three different forms. Despite the importance of this work, no studies have clarified the dates of publication of its various parts, as relevant to the nomenclature of numerous new taxa of Central European vascular plants described therein: 94 species and hybrids, 10 subspecies and more than 2000 other infraspecific taxa. Here, the publication dates of the component parts of Zapałowicz’s work are clarified and discussed. Archival sources that made it possible to determine publication dates of these works are described in detail.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antidengue activity of enantiomeric Schiff bases derived from S-substituted dithiocarbazate
Authors: MARYAM Maqsood , TAN Sang Loon , CROUSE Karen Ann , MOHAMED TAHIR Mohamed Ibrahim , CHEE Hui-Yee
Published: August 2020

A series of Schiff bases have been successfully synthesized through the acid-catalyzed condensation of S-substituted dithiocarbazates and three enantiomerically pure monoterpenes, (1R)-(+)-camphor, (1S)-(-)-camphor, (1R)-(-)-camphorquinone, (1S)- (+)-camphorquinone, (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone. Spectroscopic results revealed that the Schiff bases containing camphor or carvone likely adopted an E-configuration along the characteristic imine bond while those containing camphorquinone assumed a Z-configuration. The antidengue potential of these compounds was evaluated based on DENV 2 caused cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction-based in vitro evaluation. The compounds were validated through secondary foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA). Compounds were also tested for their cytotoxicity against Vero cells. The compounds showed variable degrees of antiviral activity with the camphor compounds displaying the highest antidengue potential. The enantiomers of the compounds behaved almost similarly during the antiviral evaluation.
An Applied Mathematical Model for Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: August 2020

This chapter on an optimal and adaptable enterprise architecture for business systems is one of a series of research chapters on enterprise architecture and business transformations. This one is about estimating the risk for transforming a business environment. It is a conclusion of many years of research, architecture, consulting, and development efforts. The model is based on an applied holistic mathematical model (AHMM) for business transformations. In this chapter, the CSFs are tuned to support the intelligent architecture concepts for business integration in the form of an applied pattern that is also a part or a chapter in this research series. This chapter is related to the feasibility and prototype of the business engineering and risk management pattern (BE&RMP) that should (or shouldn't) prove whether business transformation projects can optimize enterprise business capabilities and how microartefact implementation can offer a sustainable enterprise business system.
Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Wind and Solar Renewable Energy System
Authors: Geleta Diriba Kajela , Manshahia Mukhdeep Singh
Published: August 2020

If properly designed and utilized, earth has rich potential of clean energy in satisfying the energy demand of the world. In this chapter, nature-inspired methodology was employed to optimize hybrids of renewable energy system in the case of Jeldu district of Ethiopia. The main goal of the researchers here is to minimize the total annual cost of the system, which can be designed by using appropriate numbers of components based on the pre-designed constraints to satisfy the load demand. MATLAB code was designed for the proposed methodology, and the results were discussed. It was seen from the result that the proposed approach has solved the optimum sizing of defined problem with high convergence. The results show that energy demand of the village can be optimally satisfied by the use of wind and solar hybrid system. Moreover, the application of this chapter is important for countries like Ethiopia to increase access to electricity.
UV-C Rays to Simulate the Exposition of Photosynthetic Organisms to Solar Radiation in Space Environments
Authors: Sofo Adriano
Published: August 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) is a component of the solar radiation with a wavelength in the range of 100 ≤ λ ≤ 390 nm that is almost entirely shielded by the terrestrial atmosphere, but not in space. The effects of UV-C (100 ≤ λ ≤ 280 nm) on plants mainly depend on: (i) the applied UV-C radiation dose and quality, (ii) the different plant species and varieties used, and (iii) the phenological phase of irradiated plants. UV-C radiation can be extremely dangerous also at low exposition times. On the other side, considering that terrestrial plants under sunlight are naturally exposed to low doses of UV-C, the question is how much UV-C could be beneficial for plants cultivated in space, in relation to (i) protection of plants from pathogens, (ii) increase of the concentration of important dietary supplements, and (iii) regulation of some physiological processes. The research on UV-C should be more addressed to better evaluate the damages and benefits in UV-C-exposed photosynthetic organisms, involving plants useful for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs).
Black Soldier Fly (Hermitia illucens) Larvae Meal as Alternative Protein in Broiler Production in Ghana
Authors: Affedzie-obresi S. , Adu-Aboagye G. , Nkegbe E.K. , Asuming-Bediako N. , Ansah K.O. , Mensah-Bonsu A. , Sarpong D.B. , Amegashie D.P.K. , Kwadzo G.T-M. , Wallace P.A , Clottey V.A.
Published: August 2020

Feed cost has been a major challenge to the competitiveness of the poultry industry of Ghana due mainly to high cost of proteins. Insect larvae meals seem convenient alternatives however their use on commercial scale is unknown in Ghana. Three 8-week feeding trial using three isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets in a three-phase feeding strategy involving 1320 broiler DOCs was conducted. BSFLM was used as replacement for fishmeal and as partial replacement for soybean meal to determine its effect on broiler productivity, profitability and carcass measurements. The results indicated that replacing fishmeal with BSFLM significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and production efficiency factor (PEF). No detrimental effect was observed on carcass and specific organ measurements. Using the partial budgeting approach on a 500-bird estimation an increase of one thousand, one hundred and eleven Ghana cedis (GH₵1,111.00) was obtained when the fishmeal was replaced with BSFLM. Also, an increase of four hundred and sixty-seven Ghana cedis (GH₵467.00) was estimated when soybean meal was partially replaced with BSFLM. It was concluded that BSFLM can be used to improve the productivity and profitability of broiler production.
A Palavra de Jesus segundo Marcos: cruz e seguimento
Authors: Schmitz Erik Dorff
Published: August 2020

Nesse artigo queremos mostrar como se dá pela Palavra de Jesus, segundo o evangelista Marcos, o convite ao seu seguimento e cruz. Centralizando-se na tradição desse evangelista afirmamos que a cruz é caminho de seguimento de Jesus Cristo. Quem quiser seguir a Ele e sua pedagogia, tem que renunciar a si mesmo e tomar a cruz. Para mostrar essa pedagogia de Jesus, iremos apresentar a cruz e seus significados, a virada pedagógica de Marcos na confissão de fé de Pedro (8,29), o primeiro anúncio da Paixão (8,31), segundo anúncio da Paixão (9,31), terceiro anúncio da Paixão (10,33), e por fim a cruz e o seguimento (8,34). Mesmo muitas vezes sendo apresentada como realidade de sofrimento, queremos também afirmar como a cruz pode ser um caminho de libertação e redenção.
A configuração da família na contemporaneidade
Authors: Castro Robson Ribeiro de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

A realidade atual da família passa por uma grande transformação. A mulher, alicerce e grande protetora do lar, assume, também, a função de geradora de renda e propagadora dos bens materiais e imateriais. Algumas considerações a respeito da família contemporânea que advém do campo das ciências humanas, especialmente da filosofia, da psicologia e da sociologia, uma vez que a teologia moral cristã não se dá em detrimento ou em concorrência com as diversas maneiras como a realidade da família se desenha no cenário de nossas sociedades e culturas atuais. Procuraremos dar quatro passos. 1. apresentar a configuração da família no contexto da cultura contemporânea; 2. apontar para a novidade que elas aportam bem como as dificuldades que elas apresentam para a família; 3. A realidade de mulher com as novas configurações familiares; 4. apresentar como o matrimônio tem sido encarado pela família cristã e como a família se vê desafiada pelo caráter sacramental do casamento.
Palavra Divina ou Palavra Humana?
Authors: Miranda Mario de França
Published: August 2020

O texto trata da noção de Palavra de Deus numa perspectiva de teologia fundamental, apresentando a problemática subjacente a esta expressão, abordando a pessoa de Jesus Cristo como Palavra definitiva de Deus na história e elencando algumas consequências para a vida da Igreja.
Narradores de Javé o filme e suas metáforas bíblicas
Authors: Malzoni Cláudio Vianney
Published: August 2020

“Narradores de Javé”, um filme de 2003, conta a história de um povoado do interior nordestino que estava para ser inundado pela construção de uma barragem. Para salvá-lo, seus moradores querem escrever as histórias dos antepassados para que assim o lugar seja declarado patrimônio histórico. O filme serve para suscitar o debate em várias áreas, dentre as quais a dos estudos bíblicos, mesmo porque o filme está repleto de metáforas bíblicas, a começar por seu nome. No presente artigo, quer se mostrar quais temas, no conjunto dos estudos bíblicos, poderiam ser tratados a partir do filme. Para isso, são levantadas algumas possibilidades a partir de algumas cenas do filme ou de algumas de suas características. Ao final, diversos temas próprios dos estudos bíblicos apareceram elencados, mostrando sim que “Narradores de Javé” ajuda no debate também nesta área de conhecimento.
Jerusalém na perspectiva neotestamentária de Mateus
Authors: Nobre José Aguiar , Rufino Chaybom Anttone
Published: August 2020

Jerusalém é a cidade da morada de Deus. É o arquétipo de toda cidade, cuja vocação universal à santidade se exterioriza. Isso já é evidente, de forma clara e objetiva pela sua própria história. Cidade que o rei Davi, segundo o coração de Deus, conquistou sem derramar sangue. É a cidade paradigmática em que o próprio Deus quis ser o seu Rei celeste. Contudo, aos poucos os seus interesses de poder vão se obscurecendo ante a grande luz do Salvador. Diante disso, indaga-se: face a uma cultura de morte, como lhe despertar para captar a Luz da Estrela (Mt 2,1-12)? Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Cujo objetivo é reforçar que a Jerusalém celeste deve ser o sonho a ser buscado, preservado. Sabe-se que Jerusalém, quando não mais manifestou a sua verdadeira vocação, passou a ser vista como local de morte e oposição ao plano de Deus. Na conjuntura urbana hodierna, percebe-se que há também uma realidade de morte e violências desveladas que precisam ser banidas. A cidade que recebe os profetas enviados, cujas vozes foram silenciadas e as vidas ceifadas que precisa voltar a ser a morada de Deus nos seus filhos todos. Para tanto, os resultados esperados circunscrevem-se à fuga de toda forma de farisaísmo, casuística e legalismos que são sempre desprovidos de misericórdia. Na cidade celeste deverá favorecer a vida digna que brota da prática e regra de justiça inerente ao ser do discipulado. Sabe-se que sem justiça não há paz. Onde imperam os projetos de anti-vida, não há espaço para a verdade do Evangelho. Verdade que reivindicará sempre a sua efetivação.
Calculation of depreciation Fixed Assets based on Government Accounting Standards and their impact on Financial Statements
Authors: Indayani B
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets based on Government Accounting Standards for Financial Statements. The calculation used is the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets at the Regional Financial and Asset Agency in Majene Regency. The data analysis method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis method through data triangulation. The results showed that the depreciation method used by the government was determined using the straight-line method. This method is considered the simplest method. Besides there must be data about the depreciated value, to calculate the depreciation must determine the useful life of each fixed asset. Reducing depreciation in Majene Regency's Regional Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD) for fixed assets in accordance with Government Accounting Standards. Calculating depreciation of fixed assets is very important and very influential on financial statements
Desarrollo de un bioinóculo microbiano con actividad lipolítica para la biodegradación de residuos de aceites domésticos en un sistema de compostaje.
Authors: Vásquez Alarcón Álvaro Eduardo , Arbeláez Lina María
Published: August 2020

Los aceites domésticos son residuos que tienen una dis­ posición final inadecuada, convirtiéndose en grandes contaminantes para los cuerpos de aguas; estos com­ puestos deben ser degradados a productos no tóxicos con el fin de reducir su impacto en el medio ambiente y además obtener un producto benéfico a partir de su descomposición. OBJETIVO: Este proyecto busca degradar las grasas por medio de un proceso biotecnológico, como lo es el compostaje; además se adicionarán microorganismos lipolíticos bien adaptados y aislados de fuentes con alta carga orgánica de aceites, con el fin de potencializar su actividad y mejorar la eficiencia de descomposición. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizó lo siguiente: Reactiva­ ción de microorganismos conservados por el programa de biotecnología y la Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Aislamiento de microorganismos en dógenos del compostaje pre­establecido con actividad lipolítica, Determinación de la actividad lipolítica de los aislamientos endógenos del compostaje, Identifica­ ción parcial de los aislados endógenos del compostaje, Ensayos de antagonismo entre los aislamientos seleccionados, Montaje del compostaje y la Medición de la degradación de aceites domésticos. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció que estos son concordantes con lo reportado por los autores descritos ante­ riormente. El medio Czapek 3% fue el ideal para los aislamientos a partir del compostaje, el cual fue estan­ darizado con los aceites residuales domésticos de nues­ tra zona. Los aislamientos fueron conservados a ­20°C, lo que permitirá su uso para las siguientes fases.CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron tres aislamientos, dos bacterias y un hongo, con buena actividad lipolíti­ ca a partir de la muestra del compostaje. Asi mismo se observó una relación no antagónica entre el hongo HR y las bacterias S y R. Sin embargo, existe un marcado antagonismo de Pseudomonas sp. y Trichoderma sp. frente a los otros aislamientos obtenidos.
Cyber-attacks on Saudi Arabia Environment
Authors: Al-Mulhim Rawan Abdulaziz , Al-Zamil Lama Adnan , Al-Dossary Fay Mohammed
Published: August 2020

Even though cyber-attacks can’t be compared to a nuclear attack but they both pose a serious threat to national and international security. As we witness today cyberwarfare is increasing and Saudi Arabia has become a major target of Cyber-attacks as a result of its economic and digital revolution, high technology adoption and the growth of the gas and oil industry. This paper presents, a case study of the cyber-attacks on the Saudi environment. We focused on two specific malwares Shamoon and Mamba Ransomware. It also explores their methodologies and structure for future defense
A Study of Surgical Intervention in Fractures of Post-polio Residual Paralytic Lower Limb, Challenges Encountered, and Outcome Analysis
Authors: Raju Sivakumar , Singhi Prahalad Kumar , Thangamani Vinoth , Muthu Chidambaram
Published: August 2020

Introduction

India is now a polio-free nation, but a huge load of ambulatory polio survivors present with challenging deformities and fractures to the present generation of orthopedic surgeons. These fractures are more challenging, because of the paralyzed, contracted shaft of femur fracture tissues, and inappropriate muscle forces, causing deformities. Also hypoplastic, osteoporotic, and less vascularized bone will influence the reduction maneuver, implant selection, fracture healing, and final outcome. We assess the outcome of surgical management of femoral and tibial fractures in the post-polio residual paralytic limb and the challenges encountered.

Materials and methods

Out of 22 cases with 23 fractures analyzed, 2 cases were lost to follow-up and hence excluded and the remaining 20 patients were analyzed. Pre-injury deformity, range of movement, mode of ambulation (Vignos scoring), mode of injury, surgical technique, rehabilitation, and outcomes were assessed.

Results

Minimum follow-up duration was 30 months; union was achieved by 18–24 weeks. We had one delayed union and one nonunion, which were managed with bone grafting. None of our patients had infection. A total of 16 patients regained their prefracture mobility; 4 patients developed hand to knee gait due to further weakness of the quadriceps muscle.

Conclusion

In our series, femur was the most commonly fractured bone among the post-polio residual paralytic limbs. Fractures don't heel as readily as in normal bone. Conservative treatment has guarded prognosis. Decision of surgical treatment will be challenging. Pre-injury state, surgical planning, technique, and implant choice will be key factors with appropriate rehabilitation to have a satisfactory outcome.

How to cite this article

Raju S, Singhi PK, Thangamani V, et al. A Study of Surgical intervention in Fractures of Post-polio Residual Paralytic Lower Limb, Challenges Encountered, and Outcome Analysis. J Orth Joint Surg 2020;2(1):10–16.
Avascular Necrosis of Metacarpal Head in an Amateur Volleyball Player: A Case Report
Authors: Raju Sivakumar , Singhi Prahalad Kumar , Somashekar Venkatappa , Kumar Raghava
Published: August 2020

Avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head is very rare compared to that of femoral head, talus, or scaphoid. Mauclaire disease also known as Dietrich's disease is a rare condition that refers to osteonecrosis of the metacarpal head. It can be multifactorial, usually associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), steroid use, or trauma. We present a case of 13-year-old boy, an amateur volleyball player presented with pain and swelling of the right index finger for 3 months. Initial X-rays were normal but subsequent X-rays revealed a mild flattening of the second metacarpal head; blood investigations were normal. The MRI revealed osteonecrosis with mild flattening of the second metacarpal head with synovial effusion. The patient was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis of the metacarpal head before presenting to us. The patient was treated conservatively with good functional outcome. Though several cases of Dietrich's disease have been reported in the literature but none in a volleyball player, just to stress that repeated microtrauma could also be an etiological factor and a rare differential diagnosis in patients with the painful metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. Most of the patients can be managed conservatively with good functional outcome. Curettage and bone grafting, transfer of metatarsal head, osteotomies, arthroplasty (excision or prosthesis), or arthrodesis have been described as various surgical means of treatment.

How to cite this article:Singhi PK, Raju S, Somashekar V,et al. Avascular Necrosis of Metacarpal Head in an Amateur Volleyball Player: A Case Report. J Orth Joint Surg 2020;2(1):46–48.
LASER RANGING MODELING UNDER GENERALIZED MIXED PIXELS EFFECT
Authors: Chang C. M. , Jaw J. J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. When a target lies on discontinuous surfaces, the footprint of a laser rangefinder covering multiple ranges causes mixed pixels effect and significantly distorts the ranging quality. Meanwhile, the ranging error of incidence angle effect is triggered by a deformed footprint containing various ranges as well. Based on the commonality of causing ranging errors within one footprint, this study proposed an approach to tackle “generalized mixed pixels effect” correcting ranging errors involving in deformed footprint cases. Errors caused by generalized mixed pixels effect vary in rangefinders and are difficult to be uniformly treated. A correction model was formulated through integrating individual effects by considering the physical and geometrical aspects of laser ranging. An adjustment procedure was followed to estimate the parameters of the correction equation taking all observation uncertainties into account. To analyze the individual effects and eventually combine them into a complete model, a five-case workflow has been developed. Firstly, a divergence angle estimation method was presented to eliminate the mixed pixels effect by a decentering approach. Incidence angle effect was modeled and parameter was estimated by adjustment techniques. Particularly, since incidence angles are usually unknown in field surveys, an iterative estimation procedure was designed to obtain the optimal incidence angle of target points. Finally, offset correction accounting for generalized mixed pixels effect was formulated. Through the experimental tests on Trimble M3 DR 2” and Topcon GPT-3002LN, it is confirmed that the proposed method effectively resolves the ranging errors and preserves the ranging quality under generalized mixed pixels effect.
INTEGRATION OF PDR AND IMAGE-BASED POSITIONING AIDED BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hung M. C. , Chiang K. W.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Location based service (LBS) is a popular issue in recent years, which can be applied widely. The most common one is providing the local information and the guide of the Point of Interesting (POI) to users, which means positioning is the necessary technique to put LBS into practice. In an outdoor scenario, the user’s position can be obtained relying on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), however, the signal of GNSS might be blocked in a building. So, many indoor positioning techniques are developed in the decades, which have the pros and cons respectively. This paper proposes an indoor positioning technique by integrating Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) with the image-based positioning method, which can decrease the cost significantly because it only needs a camera built-in the smartphone. In the first experiment, we verify the accuracy of positioning by the proposed method, that the mean error in the horizontal direction is about 0.25 meters. In the following experiment, comparing with the misclosure of PDR only and PDR integrated with the proposed method, it can decrease from 8.53% to 1.44%. The improvement is about 83%, therefore, this method is suitable for applying to indoor navigation.
CONCEPT ON LANDMARK DETECTION IN ROAD SCENE IMAGES TAKEN FROM A TOP-VIEW CAMERA SYSTEM
Authors: Albrecht C. , Kraus S. , Stilla U.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we demonstrate the inclusion of a top-view camera system mounted on a city bus in an existing sensor setup. A novel sensor setup with five down-facing cameras is mounted on the roof of a MAN Lion’s City 12 city bus to extract landmarks in road scene images. Its positioning is validated by an exemplary detection of lane markings. The concept for further landmark detection with the help of the presented camera system is explained in this paper and sensor data fusion methods are proposed. Based on our previous findings (Albrecht et al., 2019), strengths of the novel sensor system are introduced to improve the current environment perception system. For now, only a qualitative observation of the capability to detect lane markings and other landmarks can be presented. Future work will use the current findings for landmark detection for a vehicle self-localization system.
CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY ASSETS IN MOBILE MAPPING POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Corongiu M. , Masiero A. , Tucci G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, mobile mapping systems are widely used to quickly collect reliable geospatial information of relatively large areas: thanks to such characteristics, the number of applications and fields exploiting their usage is continuously increasing. Among such possible applications, mobile mapping systems have been recently considered also by railway system managers to quickly produce and update a database of the geospatial features of such system, also called assets. Despite several vehicles, devices and acquisition methods can be considered for the data collection of the railway system, the predominant one is probably that based on the use of a mobile mapping system mounted on a train, which moves all along the railway tracks, enabling the 3D reproduction of the entire railway track area.Given the large amount of data collected by such mobile mapping, automatic procedures have to be used to speed up the process of extracting the spatial information of interest, i.e. assets positions and characteristics.This paper considers the problem of extracting such information for what concerns cantilever and portal masts, by exploiting a mixed approach. First, a set of candidate areas are extracted and pre-processed by considering certain of their geometric characteristics, mainly extracted by using eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of a point neighborhood. Then, a 3D modified Fisher vector-deep learning neural net is used to classify the candidates. Tests on such approach are conducted in two areas of the Italian railway system.
QUICK 3D WITH UAV AND TOF CAMERA FOR GEOMORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT
Authors: Masiero A. , Sofia G. , Tarolli P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Most of the high resolution topographic models are currently obtained either by means of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) or photogrammetry: the former is usually preferred for producing very accurate models, whereas the latter is much more frequently used in low cost applications. In particular, the availability of more affordable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high resolution cameras led to a dramatic worldwide increase of UAV photogrammetry-based 3D reconstructions. Nevertheless, accurate high resolution photogrammetric reconstructions typically require quite long data processing procedures, which make them less suitable for real-time applications.This work aims at investigating the use of a low cost Time of Flight (ToF) camera, combined with an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) positioning system, mounted on a drone, in order to enable quasi real time 3D reconstructions of small to mid-size areas, even in locations where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are not available.The proposed system, tested on a small area on the Italian Alps, provided high resolution mapping results, with an error of few centimeters with respect to a terrestrial close-range photogrammetry survey conducted on the same day.
DEVELOPMENT OF VERSATILE MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM ON A SMALL SCALE
Authors: Tachi T. , Wang Y. , Abe R. , Kato T. , Maebashi N. , Kishimoto N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mobile mapping technology is an effective method to collect geospatial data with high point density and accuracy. It is mainly used for asset inventory and map generation, as well as road maintenance (detecting road cracks and ruts, and measuring flatness). Equipment of former mobile mapping systems (MMS) is large in size and usually installed (hard-mounted) onto dedicated vehicle. Cost-effectiveness and flexibility of MMS have not been regarded as important until Leica Pegasus series, a much smaller system with integrated and configurable components, come out. In this paper, we show you how we realize a versatile MMS with a Pegasus II loaded on a remodelled Japanese light vehicle (small size and less than a cubic capacity of 660 cc). Besides Pegasus II and data-processing PC, we equip this system with a small crane to bring the sensor onto a different platform, an electric cart to survey narrow roads or pedestrian walkway, and a boat attachment so that the sensor can be fixed on a boat. Thus, one Pegasus II can collect data from various platforms. This paper also discusses the precision and accuracy of the Pegasus II working on various platforms. When mounted on a light vehicle, we verified the accuracy of the difference with GCP and evaluated the accuracy of the road maintenance (detecting road cracks and ruts, and measuring flatness). When mounted on an electric cart, we verified the accuracy of the difference with GCP on a pedestrian road and generated road hazard map as a data utilization. When mounted on a boat, we verified the accuracy of the difference with GCP on a dam slope and created slope shading map of landslide area as a data utilization. It turns out that Pegasus II can totally achieve to required surveying-grade.
A CALIBRATION METHOD OF TWO MOBILE LASER SCANNING SYSTEM UNITS FOR RAILWAY MEASUREMENT
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Chen T. , Yabuki N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This paper proposes a methodology to calibrate the laser scanner of a Mobile Laser Scanning System (MLS) with the trajectory of the other MLS, both of which are installed directly above the top of both rails. Railway vehicle laser scanners systems of MLS are able to obtain 3D scanning map of the rail environment. In order to adapt the actual site condition of the maintenance works, we propose a calibration method with non-linear Least Mean Square calculation which use point clouds around poles along rails and sleepers of rails as cylindrical and planner constraints. The accuracy of 0.006 m between two laser point clouds can be achieved with this method. With the common planar and cylinder condition Leven-Marquardt method has been applied for this method. This method can execute without a good initial value for the extrinsic parameter and can shorten the processing time compared with the linear type of Least Mean Square method.
THE IMPACT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF OBSERVATIONS ON TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER SELF-CALIBRATION QUALITY
Authors: Lichti D. D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instruments find routine use for a range of precision engineering measurement applications. Depending on the accuracy requirements for a specific project, the instrument may require self-calibration to determine systematic error model terms. One of the goals of first-order network design for self-calibration is to acquire observations throughout the full instrumental field-of-view. Experience calibrating TLS instruments has demonstrated that while this goal can be achieved for horizontal deflection angle observations, it is seldom realized for the vertical angle observations. This paper presents results from a preliminary investigation into the impact of the distribution of vertical angle observations on the estimation of two critical systematic error parameters in TLS instruments: the collimation axis error and the trunnion axis error. First, a model to characterize the empirical observation distributions is developed. The model is a function of a single shape parameter that quantifies observation dispersion. Then, a means to estimate the impact of the distribution on the parameter estimation is developed. Results from six real datasets show the distribution model characterizes the overall general trend of the observations. Simulated results show the relative independence of the collimation axis error and the strong dependence of the trunnion axis error on the shape parameter.
WAVELETS FOR SELF-CALIBRATED BUNDLE BLOCK ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Ye J.-F. , Tsay J.-R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This paper entails a methodological novelty and builds upon prior research on a wavelets-based model for digital camera self-calibration. We introduce a new kernel function based on the compactly supported orthogonal third-order asymmetric Daubechies wavelet to correct systematic image distortion errors. Tests are done by using aerial images taken with a high-resolution metric digital aerial mapping camera. The quality of experimental results is evaluated by using reliable and high precision ground check points in the calibration field. For example, a four-fold block with this wavelet self-calibration model has the external accuracy of about 0.28 GSD (=ground sampling distance) in the horizontal direction, and about 0.43 GSD in the vertical direction, respectively, where 1GSD ≈ 4.6cm. The posterior standard deviations σ̂0 of unit weight are reduced from 0.37 pixel to 0.27 pixel. The residual vector lengths are also significantly reduced after our wavelet additional parameters are used. Experimental results support the proposal and demonstrate the applicability of this new model.
HIGH ACCURACY DIRECT GEOREFERENCING OF THE ALTUM MULTI-SPECTRAL UAV CAMERA AND ITS APPLICATION TO HIGH THROUGHPUT PLANT PHENOTYPING
Authors: Hutton J. J. , Lipa G. , Baustian D. , Sulik J. , Bruce R. W.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. With the appearance of cost effective, easy to fly Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), a new type of data collection has been enabled: super high resolution multi-spectral, precisely georeferenced imagery and point clouds, collected over high value targets. The high spatial resolution and precise georeferencing accuracy makes information extraction and advanced analytics possible both in the spatial and temporal domain at scales simply not possible to collect from manned aircraft, and at much greater efficiency than can be collected from the ground. One example of this is plant phenotyping for experimental research where a high-accuracy spatial reference needs to be assigned to each plot entry to enable accurate and efficient plot level statistics of plant phenotypic attributes. This paper presents results from an integration of the Trimble APX-15-EI UAV Direct Georeferencing system with the Micasense Altum multi-spectral camera to produce a highly accurate and efficient UAV based mapping solution for advanced spatial and temporal analytics without the use of Ground Control Points (GCP’s). Results from a series of flights over a test range outfitted with GNSS surveyed check points show an orthomap accuracy at the level of 3 cm RMSx,y horizontal can be achieved. The same system flown over a test field operated by researchers at the University of Guelph containing plots of soybean demonstrated pixel-level alignment of the directly georeferenced orthomosaic to the cm-level plot boundaries previously surveyed by the researchers, thus meeting the requirements for automated phenotyping.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING METHOD BY MEANDERING FLIGHT
Authors: Maebashi N. , Kato T. , Abe R. , Wang Y. , Tachi T. , Kishimoto N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Japan has many meandering rivers in her mountainous areas. Many hazards have occurred in their surroundings. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is one of measures for disaster prevention in the surrounding of a meandering river. In Japan, ordinary ALS by using both a fixed wing airplane and a rotary wing airplane adopts flying along straight lines over a target area. Although ALS along straight lines is effective when a target area is planar, ALS along straight lines for a meandering river in a mountainous area increases the number of flying courses and flight time. On the other hand, although ALS by a meandering flight along a target meandering river would be efficient in data acquisition, it depends on the skill of a pilot and brings difficulty in data processing to secure measuring accuracy. We decided to develop a new efficient ALS method by a meandering flight. It systematizes flight planning, GCP allocation, and data processing especially course adjustment to secure required measuring accuracy. After conducting preliminary experiments in the test area, measuring accuracy was verified following the operation guidelines for the Japanese public surveying established by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan. The result that the accuracy by a meandering flight would be almost the same as that by a straight-line flight, and indicated that it would meet the operation guidelines for Japanese public surveying.
BILGE DUMP AUTOMATIC ALERT SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA OCEANS
Authors: Mdakane L. W. , Meyer R. G. V. , Sibolla B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Oil spill over the sea surface formed because of oil-tanker accidents or illegal bilge dumping of tankers can cause significant environmental damage depending on the location and amount. The international legislation contains minor and well-defined exceptions related to ocean areas (internal waters, marine protected areas, MARPOL “special” areas, territorial seas or exclusive economic zones). These areas often determine whether or not an action is considered legal/illegal and define the rights and obligations, including law enforcement obligations. Deliberated oil spill are often caused by vessels illegally discharging oily waste during cleaning operations. To minimise the ecological impact caused by the oil spill, a rapid response from the authorities is required. To facilitate the quick response, we propose an automated bilge dump alert system based on space-borne SAR analysis over Southern Africa oceans. The proposed alert system detects potential bilge dumps and classifies them according to confidence and alert levels. The confidence levels described the quality of the detected bilge dump, based on the probability measures of the observed bilge candidates. The alert levels described the enormity of the alert based on the detection location and confidence level. The system showed promising results in classifying bilge dumps according to the alert level.