bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron shield for the first mirror of a soft X-ray beamline
Authors: Wakabayashi Daisuke , Tanaka Hirokazu , Toyoshima Akio , Yamashita Shohei , Takeichi Yasuo
Published: November 2020

At a soft X-ray beamline with an undulator source, significant heat generation at the first-mirror chamber and light emission at the viewport were found, which can be explained by photoelectrons from the mirror. The chamber temperature increases up to approximately 50°C over a period of several hours. A photoelectron shield consisting of thin copper plates not only prevents the heat generation and light emission but also improves the pressure of the vacuum chamber, if a voltage of a few tens of V is applied to the shield. The total electron yield of the shield reached as much as 58 mA under high heat-load conditions, indicating the emission of numerous photoelectrons from the first mirror. Heat-balance analyses suggest that approximately 30% or more of the heat load on the first mirror is transferred to the surroundings.
Design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the Diamond Light Source high-throughput SAXS beamline B21
Authors: Edwards-Gayle Charlotte Jennifer Chante , Khunti Nikul , Hamley Ian W. , Inoue Katsuaki , Cowieson Nathan , Rambo Robert
Published: November 2020

The design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the high-throughput (HT) beamline B21 is presented. The device is compatible with the robot bioSAXS sample changer currently installed on BM29, ESRF, and P12 Petra IV synchrotrons. This work presents an approach that uses 3D-printing to make hardware alterations which can expand the versatility of HT beamlines at low cost.
Knowledge map: a creative visual path to library guides and resources
Authors: Liu Weiling
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to indicate that library guides seem to be unfamiliar to most students or not easy to find or use. Some improvements have been made by embedding the guides in the learning management system or promoting the guides in formal library instructional classes. Are there other ways to promote or improve the use of library guides? The author proposes an exploratory visual solution to minimize this gap between library users and library guides.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by the cognitive load theory, the proposed solution is a knowledge map created with Freeplane. The proposal is illustrated by comparing a sample knowledge map with its content source, a subject guide in LibGuides, via three browsing paths in locating a recommended database for a particular course on the sample subject guide website.

Findings

The knowledge map can display contents in different ways and provide a simple and visual layout with direct access to the library resources, which may help lessen users’ intrinsic cognitive load, minimize extraneous load or promote germane load. The map can also be beneficial to librarians for preparing teaching materials or guides management.

Practical implications

The proposed solution can be implemented with Freeplane based on existing library guides or created from scratch.

Originality/value

The proposed solution addresses a gap in the library field, where the use of knowledge maps for library services is overlooked.
Textbook ranking and an assessment method and system: a case study using surveying textbooks
Authors: Kuo Chien-Min , Chen Kuan-Yu , Lin Yi-Ching
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Teachers, students, librarians, scholars and domain experts often spend a lot of time and effort to select good and suitable textbooks. This study aims to propose and construct a computer-aided bibliometric system to rate textbooks. Through the software system designed here, the quality of every textbook can be easily and quickly known. This system will benefit both scholars and librarians.

Design/methodology/approach

Four methods were used to evaluate textbooks in this study, including: questionnaire recommendation analysis, dissertation citation analysis, library circulation analysis and bibliography analysis. The system architecture includes three subsystems: the textbook indexing and searching subsystem, the statistics added-value analysis subsystem and the citation report inquiry subsystem. An example demonstrates the usability and validity of the proposed method and system. The example uses surveying textbooks. The following percentages were used in the correlation calculation: textbook citation percentage (TCP), textbook library circulation percentage (TLP) and textbook recommend percentage (TRP).

Findings

There are three textbook assessment methods applied in this study, including: dissertation citation, library circulation and questionnaire recommendation. Dissertation citations for textbooks have a high correlation value with library circulation. The frequency correlation calculation was 0.7, while the TCP, TLP and TRP correlation calculation was 0.84. Therefore, the dissertation citation method can be accepted to evaluate textbooks effectively.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work related to evaluating surveying textbooks using a computer-aided bibliometrics system that can deal with large amounts of data and generate results quickly. This can be applied to other fields as well.
Work–family policies and the transformation triangle: women, organizational culture and managerial strategy
Authors: Goñi Salomé , Corredor Pilar , León Consuelo
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This research addresses how companies develop a process of transformation to a more family responsible behaviour and the role that women play in this process. This paper aims to propose a model in which a female workforce is seen as contributing to the development of the family responsible firm. The model includes two paths for transformation, the supportive work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family using a mediation model. The analysis was performed in a sample of 1,048 Spanish firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses are tested using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediated regression technique, the Sobel’s test (1982) and a bootstrap re-sampling with 5,000 and 10,000 iterations to determine the significance of the mediation.

Findings

The results confirm the impact of the proportion of women in the workforce on organizational culture and managerial strategy, factors that lead to a real increase in the accessibility of work–family policies. The mediation effect is total.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations stemming from the survey used and from the cross-sectional data.

Practical implications

The role of women, the culture and managers in promoting work–family policies appears clear. The need for the active reinforcement of the supportive work–family culture in companies and managerial strategy, diffusion, planning and involvement are all key factors in the development of work–family policies.

Social implications

Governments and society as a whole should urge firms to use all means at their disposal to guarantee the formal adoption of work–family policies.

Originality/value

Research that analyses the way in which work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family generate change does not usually incorporate the female component of the labour force as an explanatory element.
Bibliometric survey of IT Infrastructure Management to Avoid Failure Conditions
Authors: Bhanage Deepali Arun , Pawar Ambika Vishal
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the bibliometric study of articles IT Infrastructure Management to Avoid Failure Conditions. As in today’s era of IT Industries, IT infrastructure management plays a crucial role. As a result, substantial research is going on to improve the reliability and availability of assets in IT infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyzes and focuses the results acquired from articles accessed from Scopus for the past 15 years by examining in terms of frequently used keywords, the amount of work done in different countries and year-wise progression of the research, prolific authors, article citation frequencies, etc. Tools such as Gephi, Word Cloud, BiblioShiny, GPS visualizer, etc. are used for bibliometric analysis.

Findings

The study comes out with maximum publications of IT infrastructure management from conferences and journals. Anomaly detection, log analysis and learning system are the most frequently used keywords in the publications. Significant research has been done in the USA, followed by China under the area of Computer Science with an increase in publication since 2018.

Originality/value

This paper provides an accurate idea about the amount of work done in different countries and year-wise progression of the research. This bibliometric analysis will be useful for beginners to conduct a literature survey using appropriate literature available on the Scopus database.
Business model innovation: a systematic review and future research directions
Authors: Bashir Makhmoor , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Farooq Rayees
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the literature on business model innovation by identifying its triggers, enablers, barriers, dimensions, outcomes and highlight avenues for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review of papers on business model innovation was conducted based on the recommendations of Tranfield et al. (2003) from 2000–2019. A total of 70 conceptual and empirical studies on business model innovation research spanning from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed based on different classification schemes.

Findings

The systematic review approach of this paper offers a new perspective in understanding business model innovation, bridges the gap in the extant literature by providing consolidation regarding the triggers, enablers, barriers, dimensions and outcomes of business model innovation and indicating avenues for future research.

Research limitations/implications

A review of literature on business model innovation carried out in this paper is expected to open up new horizons for future researchers to develop and empirically test frameworks related to business model innovation. The five themes identified to shed light on important aspects of business model innovation. These themes are expected to not only strengthen the theoretical foundations of business model innovation but also help practitioners develop and implement business model innovations in their organizations. In particular, the themes related to the enablers, barriers, triggers and outcomes of business model innovation can provide useful insights for practitioners.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind that has provided consolidation regarding the triggers, enablers, barriers, dimensions and outcomes of business model innovation.
Improving ICU transitional care by combining quality management and nursing science – two scientific fields meet in a systematic literature review
Authors: Sten Lilly-Mari , Ingelsson Pernilla , Bäckström Ingela , Häggström Marie
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this literature review was to explore to what extent quality management (QM) and nursing science offer complementary perspectives to provide better quality care, by looking at QM core concepts and tools.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted. Papers published in academic journals between January 2013 and December 2019 were included. A deductive content analysis was chosen using QM core values as an analytical framework.

Findings

The results showed that QM core values, methodologies and tools were found in the reviewed articles about intensive care unit (ICU) transitional care. The results indicated that core values in QM and the core competencies within nursing science in ICU transitional care are mutually dependent upon each other and exist as a whole. ICU transitional care is, however, a complex interpersonal process, characterized by differences in organizational cultures and core values and involving multidisciplinary teams that collaborate across hospital units. The QM core value that was least observed was committed leadership.

Research limitations/implications

Combining QM and nursing science can contribute to a deeper understanding of how to improve the ICU transitional care process by bringing complementary perspectives.

Practical implications

The included articles portray how QM is applied in ICU transitional care. Implications for future research focus on enhancing the understanding of how QM and nursing science can bring complementary perspectives in order to improve ICU transitional care and how QM values, methodologies and tools can be used in ICU transitional care. Committed leadership and team collaboration in ICU transitional care are areas that call for further research.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to the body of literature by providing important insights in terms of how QM core values, methodologies and tools are present in research about ICU transitional care and how the two research subjects, namely, QM and nursing science, bring complementary perspectives.
The recruitment, retention and development of an integrated urgent care telephone triage workforce: a small-scale study
Authors: Snell Laura , Grimwood Tom
Published: November 2020

Purpose

NHS 111 is a non-emergency telephone triage service that provides immediate access to urgent care 24 h a day. This study explored the recruitment, retention and development of one integrated urgent care (IUC) workforce in England, specifically the NHS 111 service and Clinical Hub.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was distributed to the NHS 111 and Clinical Hub workforce. The data from 48 respondents were summarised and analysed thematically.

Findings

The survey respondents held a variety of clinical and non-clinical roles within NHS 111 and the Clinical Hub. The findings indicate that the IUC workforce is motivated to care for their patients and utilise a range of communication and cognitive skills to undertake their telephone triage roles. In total, 67% of respondents indicated that their work was stressful, particularly the volume and intensity of calls. Although the initial training prepared the majority of respondents for their current roles (73%), access to continuing professional development (CPD) varied across the workforce with only 40% being aware of the opportunities available. A total of 81% of respondents stated that their shifts were regularly understaffed which indicates that the retention of IUC staff is problematic; this can put additional pressure on the existing workforce, impact on staff morale and create logistical issues with managing annual leave entitlements or scheduling time for training.

Originality/value

This small-scale study highlights some of the complexities of telephone triage work and demonstrates the challenges for IUC service providers in retaining an appropriately skilled and motivated workforce.
2020 SEC risk alert provides guidance for private fund advisers
Authors: Breen Kenneth , Guberman Phara
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To analyze the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (“OCIE”) June 2020 Risk Alert, which identified three categories of deficiencies that the SEC regularly finds in its reviews of advisers to private funds, in order to understand its guidance and recommend best practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The study discusses the categories of deficiencies that the SEC regularly finds in its reviews of private fund advisers, current SEC enforcement trends, and recommendations for disclosures, internal controls, policies and procedures.

Findings

The SEC will expect private funds to identify and remedy regular deficiencies in three primary categories: gaps in client and investor disclosures regarding conflicts of interest; deficiencies in disclosures related to fees and expenses; and issues with policies and procedures regarding the treatment of material nonpublic information.

Practical implications

Private fund advisers should expect increased scrutiny during examinations on the identified deficiencies and use this opportunity to be proactive in addressing these issues.

Originality/value

Expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities enforcement attorneys.
EU whistleblowing rules to change in favor of whistleblowers
Authors: De Zwart Alja Poler
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To describe the new EU Whistleblowing Directive and its implications.

Design/methodology/approach

Describes organizations to which the Directive applies, the scope of reportable whistleblowing concerns, whistleblowers’ reporting channels and mechanisms, whistleblower protections, how organizations should respond to whistleblower reports and how organizations should prepare for the new rules.

Findings

The new Directive will require Member States to create rules for organizations with more than 50 workers, will mandate such organizations to implement whistleblowing hotlines for reporting a broad range of EU law violations, and will contain minimum standards on how to respond to and handle any concerns raised by whistleblowers.

Practical implications

Organizations in the EU can and should start taking initial steps to prepare for the new rules as soon as possible. There will likely be some differences among whistleblower rules in individual EU Member States.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced corporate, technology, media, telecommunications and compliance lawyer.
Liu v. S.E.C.: Supreme Court’s narrowing of SEC disgorgement raises questions for insider trading cases
Authors: Friedman Alan R. , James Dani R. , Naftalis Gary P. , Schoeman Paul H. , Mechanick Chase Henry
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To analyze the U.S, Supreme Court’s decision in Liu v. S.E.C., 140 S. Ct. 1936 (2020) and its potential implications for insider trading cases.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Provides context on the history of disgorgement in SEC enforcement proceedings; discusses factual and procedural background underlying the Liu decision; summarizes the Court’s opinion and rationale, with a particular focus on the Court’s pronouncements regarding the permissible scope of SEC disgorgement as an equitable remedy; identifies and explores three possible issues in insider trading cases that may be affected by the Court’s narrowing of SEC disgorgement.

Findings

In Liu, the Supreme Court narrowed SEC disgorgement by stating that, as a general matter, SEC disgorgement is not permitted where: (1) the proceeds are not remitted to investors; (2) one defendant is made to disgorge profits that were received by someone else; or (3) the amount of disgorgement fails to deduct legitimate business expenses, in each case subject to possible exemptions as outlined by the Court.

Practical implications

This rule may call into question whether courts may: (a) order disgorgement against insider traders, given the difficulty of identifying investors who have been harmed; (b) order insider traders to disgorge profits earned by others on account of their violations; or (c) order insider traders to pay civil penalties under Section 21 A of the Exchange Act based on profits earned by others.

Originality/Value

Expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities enforcement lawyers with expertise in insider trading.
Sentiment of the public: the role of social media in revealing important events
Authors: Daou Hoda
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Social media is characterized by its volume, its speed of generation and its easy and open access; all this making it an important source of information that provides valuable insights. Content characteristics such as valence and emotions play an important role in the diffusion of information; in fact, emotions can shape virality of topics in social media. The purpose of this research is to fill the gap in event detection applied on online content by incorporating sentiment, more specifically strong sentiment, as main attribute in identifying relevant content.

Design/methodology/approach

The study proposes a methodology based on strong sentiment classification using machine learning and an advanced scoring technique.

Findings

The results show the following key findings: the proposed methodology is able to automatically capture trending topics and achieve better classification compared to state-of-the-art topic detection algorithms. In addition, the methodology is not context specific; it is able to successfully identify important events from various datasets within the context of politics, rallies, various news and real tragedies.

Originality/value

This study fills the gap of topic detection applied on online content by building on the assumption that important events trigger strong sentiment among the society. In addition, classic topic detection algorithms require tuning in terms of number of topics to search for. This methodology involves scoring the posts and, thus, does not require limiting the number topics; it also allows ordering the topics by relevance based on the value of the score.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-12-2019-0373
Caught between two fronts: successful aging in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Richter Lukas , Heidinger Theresa
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great challenge for older people both in terms of the severity of the disease and the negative consequences of social distancing. Assumptions about negative effects on the lives of the elderly, affecting dimensions of successful aging (such as the preservation of social relationships), have thus far been hypothetical and have lacked empirical evidence. The aim of this paper is to shed empirical light on the effects of COVID-19 on the everyday life of older people against the background of the concept of successful aging.

Design/methodology/approach

Data of a standardized, representative telephone survey with residents of Lower Austria, a county of Austria, were used for this secondary analysis. The sample included 521 persons of 60 years of age and older. For this paper, contingency analyses (χ² coefficients, z-tests using Bonferroni correction) and unidimensional correlational analyses were calculated.

Findings

The empirical data show that successful aging along the three dimensions of successful aging is a challenge in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic – leaving the elderly caught between two fronts.

Originality/value

The present work focusses on a unique moment in time, describing the changes to the lives of Austrian elderly because of the social distancing measures imposed to protect against the spread of COVID-19. These changes are discussed in the theoretical framework of successful aging.
Co‐infection best predicts respiratory viral infection in a wild host
Authors: Glidden Caroline K. , Coon Courtney A. C. , Beechler Brianna R. , McNulty Chase , Ezenwa Vanessa O. , Jolles Anna E.
Published: November 2020

The dynamics of directly transmitted pathogens in natural populations are likely to result from the combined effects of host traits, pathogen biology, and interactions among pathogens within a host. Discovering how these factors work in concert to shape variation in pathogen dynamics in natural host–multi‐pathogen systems is fundamental to understanding population health.

Here, we describe temporal variation in incidence and then elucidate the effect of hosts trait, season and pathogen co‐occurrence on host infection risk using one of the most comprehensive studies of co‐infection in a wild population: a suite of seven directly transmitted viral and bacterial respiratory infections from a 4‐year study of 200 free‐ranging African buffalo Syncerus caffer.

Incidence of upper respiratory infections was common throughout the study—five out of the seven pathogens appeared to be consistently circulating throughout our study population. One pathogen exhibited clear outbreak dynamics in our final study year and another was rarely detected.

Co‐infection was also common in this system: The strongest indicator of pathogen occurrence for respiratory viruses was in fact the presence of other viral respiratory infections. Host traits had minimal effects on odds of pathogen occurrence but did modify pathogen–pathogen associations. In contrast, only season predicted bacterial pathogen occurrence.

Though a combination of environmental, behavioural, and physiological factors work together to shape disease dynamics, we found pathogen associations best determined infection risk. Our study demonstrates that, in the absence of very fine‐scale data, the intricate changes among these factors are best represented by co‐infection.
Socioeconomic status and the effectiveness of treatment for first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Rosenheck Robert
Published: November 2020

Objective

To assess whether patient socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effectiveness of coordinated specialty care for first‐episode psychosis and to investigate possible mechanisms.

Data Sources

A secondary analysis of data from the RAISE‐ETP Trial, which was conducted from 2010‐2014.

Study Design

RAISE‐ETP was a cluster‐randomized trial comparing a coordinated specialty care (CSC) intervention called NAVIGATE with usual community care. We constructed a patient SES index based on parental education, parental occupational prestige, and race/ethnicity. After identifying correlates of SES, we used OLS regression analysis to estimate treatment effects on the major study outcomes across quartiles of the index. We also examined whether correlates of SES including the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and participation in NAVIGATE might account for the observed difference in effectiveness of CSC by SES.

Principal Findings

The trial sample had a similar SES distribution to the US population, and SES was positively correlated with all mental health outcomes and several potential moderators at baseline. CSC substantially improved the main trial outcomes compared to community care for patients in the highest SES quartile but had small and statistically insignificant benefits for the remaining 75% of patients. Intervention participation rates and several potential moderators did not explain this disparity.

Conclusions

CSC may be more effective for high‐SES patients with early psychosis than low‐SES patients. Additional research is needed to understand why CSC is less effective for low‐SES patients and to develop methods to increase effectiveness for this subgroup.
The US and EU’s Intellectual Property Initiatives in Asia: Competition, Coordination or Replication?
Authors: Morin Jean‐Frédéric , Cartwright Madison
Published: November 2020

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been a priority for the European Union and the United States. However, over the past two decades, the EU and US have failed to advance their preferred IPRs standards through multilateral forums and have pursued bilateral alternatives instead. How have the EU and US pursued their strategies in this fragmented environment? Looking specifically at the Asia‐Pacific, we compare their bilateral initiatives on IPRs across three strategies: treaty‐making, coercion and socialization. Through this analysis, we examine whether the EU and US’s bilateral actions indicate regulatory competition, coordination or replication. We find that the overall tendency has been towards replication, which raises questions about the reasons for this redundancy and its policy consequences. As the rise of bilateralism is not unique to IPRs, our findings have implications for global governance more generally.
Antioxidant treatment to reduce mortality and serious adverse events in adult surgical patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Pedersen Sofie S. , Fabritius Maria L. , Kongebro Emilie K. , Meyhoff Christian S.
Published: November 2020

Background

Hyperoxia during anesthesia can increase cellular oxidative stress, and perioperative antioxidant treatment may reduce the resulting damage. The aim of this review was to evaluate risks and benefits of antioxidant treatment in surgical patients. We hypothesized that antioxidant treatment reduced mortality compared to placebo/no intervention.

Methods

This systematic review with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted using Cochrane standards and GRADE methodology. Randomized clinical trials comparing perioperative antioxidant treatment vs. placebo/no intervention in adults were included. Primary outcome was mortality at longest follow‐up.

Results

Ninety‐seven trials with 8156 patients were included. The most common interventions were N‐Acetylcysteine (36 trials) and vitamin C (29 trials). Trials were primarily performed during cardiac surgery (53 trials). Fifty‐six trials with 4890 patients reported information on mortality (243 events). The meta‐analysis of mortality at longest follow‐up showed a reduced mortality in antioxidant treated patients (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59; 0.94, I2 0%), however, TSA‐adjusted CI was broadened (0.55‐1.02) and only 31% of the required information size was reached. Furthermore, in the subgroup of three trials with overall low risk of bias the RR for mortality was 1.18 (95% CI 0.39, 3.63). Based on GRADE, our findings are of low quality of evidence due to high risk of bias, imprecision, and indirectness.

Conclusion

We found a 26% relative risk reduction of mortality in surgical patients treated with antioxidants but the quality of evidence supporting our findings is low and influenced by clinical heterogeneity and high risk of systematic‐ and random errors.
Precision and Manipulation of Non‐financial Information: The Curious Case of Environmental Liability
Authors: Grahn Aline
Published: November 2020

This paper develops a model showing how the environmental liability regime and the precision of the disclosed environmental performance indicator affect managers’ incentives (1) to reduce actual pollution and (2) to manipulate the reported pollution. I assume a company with a separation of ownership and control which can be held liable for environmental damages and distinguish between a negligence regime and strict liability. The results suggest that if there is no manipulation but only a lack of precision of the disclosed environmental performance indicator, a negligence rule induces lower actual pollution levels than strict liability even though a negligence rule is considered to be more lenient. If managers are able to manipulate the disclosed environmental performance indicator, they will do so and actual pollution levels will generally increase. While manipulation makes it easier for shareholders to escape liability under a negligence regime, shareholders suffer from manipulation under strict liability due to higher actual pollution and higher expected damage compensation payments. Therefore, the manipulation level is higher under a negligence regime. My analysis contributes to the environmental performance and disclosure literature by showing that the liability regime is an important determinant affecting environmental reporting and actual pollution decisions.
Alcohol‐Specific Communication and Emerging Adult Offspring’s Perceived Parental Approval and Drinking in the Context of Parent Alcohol Expectancies
Authors: Ramer Nolan E. , Paige Katie J. , Colder Craig R.
Published: November 2020

Background

There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between parental alcohol communication and offspring alcohol use. To clarify this association, this study tested a prospective mediated moderation model in which the association between parental communication about the risks of alcohol use and emerging adult offspring drinking was mediated by offspring perceived parental approval of drinking. Parental alcohol expectancies and use were tested as moderators of the link between communication and perceived approval.

Method

The community sample of 378 emerging adult and caregiver dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 19.13). The sample was 54% female and majority White/non‐Hispanic (76%). Caregivers reported on their own alcohol expectancies and use, and emerging adult offspring reported on parental communication of alcohol risks, perceived parental approval of drinking, and their own alcohol use. Multilevel modeling was used to test hypotheses.

Results

Mediated moderation was largely supported. More frequent communication about the risks of drinking was prospectively associated with low levels of perceived parental approval of alcohol use, which in turn was associated with low levels of offspring drinking. This pathway depended on parental alcohol expectancies.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that including mediators (e.g., perceived approval of drinking) helps to clarify the mixed literature on parental communication about alcohol and that parental attitudes about alcohol can impact the effectiveness with which parents convey the risk of alcohol to offspring.
The importance of forests for an apex predator: spatial ecology and habitat selection by pumas in an agroecosystem
Authors: Azevedo F. C. , Lemos F. G. , Freitas‐Junior M. C. , Arrais R. C. , Morato R. G. , Azevedo F. C. C.
Published: November 2020

The maintenance of viable carnivore populations along human‐dominated landscapes depends on the understanding of the species requirements that are critical to the design of global actions focused on their conservation. Using resource selection function and a spatial analysis approach, we evaluated large carnivore habitat use in a disturbed landscape by studying pumas in a rapidly developing region in Southeast Brazil. Pumas had a mean home‐range size of 203.7 ± 39.8 km2 and showed pronounced territorial behavior through intrasexual overlap (males 22% and females 60%). Our results also revealed a strong habitat association with forest vegetation both at population and individual levels, followed by pasture with shrubs, a type of anthropized habitat that offers cover and prey; the use of this type of landcover was more frequent during night hours. Our study is the first robust home‐range estimation of pumas in Brazil and fills a gap in puma's ecology knowledge in anthropized tropical environments, highlighting the importance of natural habitat patches to this predator along human‐modified areas and reinforcing the species demand for vast and forested areas to thrive. In areas where conservation goals include the maintenance or increase in large predator populations, identifying the limits imposed by anthropogenic landscape changes, and ensuring that these are not exceeded, is paramount for conservation initiatives.
Morphometry of the heart of greater rhea (Rhea americana americana, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Borges Ryshely Sonaly De Moura , Medeiros Andre De Macedo , Silva Joelma Gomes da , Paiva Ruana Rafaela Lira Torquato , Costa Herson da Silva , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de
Published: November 2020

Heart diseases in birds are frequent and generate significant production disorders. Morphometry is a valuable tool to provide fundamental information about heart conditions. Few studies have addressed morphological aspects of the heart of ratite birds, such as the Greater rhea. The present study aimed to analyse rhea heart morphometry, comparing young and adult subjects, in order to provide relevant information for the diagnosis of heart disease in this species. Hearts of young (n = 10) and adult (n = 10) female rheas were used in this research. Heart length and width and sternum length were measured using a caliper. Heart length and width and sternum length in adults were approximately three times greater than in young individuals. The left ventricular wall (LVW) was thicker than the right ventricular wall (RVW) at all ages, and the RVW was thicker in adults when compared to young subjects. The basal and middle RVW regions thicken with advancing age, and the thickness of the interventricular septum (ISW) occupies an intermediate position between the LVW and RVW. In general, an increase in rhea heart thickness and size relative to age is observed. The morphometric variations between young and adult rhea hearts observed in the present study may serve as a comparative subsidy for the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities observed in this species.
Main and Interactive Effects of Nicotine Product Type on Sleep Health Among Dual Combustible and E‐Cigarette Users
Authors: So Christine J. , Meers Jessica M. , Alfano Candice A. , Garey Lorra , Zvolensky Michael J.
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives

E‐cigarette use is associated with concurrent use of combustible cigarettes among adults and may increase the risk of future combustible cigarette use in adolescents and young adults. Detrimental effects of combustible cigarette use on sleep health are well documented, but little is known about the additive effects of concurrent e‐cigarette use. The current study examined the main and interactive effects of daily nicotine product frequency on various components of sleep health.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty‐seven dual‐product users (54.2% female,Mage = 36.89, SD = 10.17) completed questionnaires regarding demographic information, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, average number of times e‐cigarettes used per day, and sleep health.

Results

Combustible cigarette frequency uniquely predicted shorter sleep duration, whereas e‐cigarette frequency uniquely predicted increased daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness. Further, there was an interactive effect of combustible and electronic cigarettes on the use of sleeping medications.

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings may suggest differential adverse effects on sleep, depending on the type of nicotine product used, and highlight potential intervention targets for users. Future work should examine these associations prospectively and/or use objective measurements of sleep and nicotine use to further elucidate the nature of these relationships.

Scientific Significance

This is the first study to explore the main and interactive effects of dual‐product use on various dimensions of subjective sleep quality. This is important to investigate, given that dual nicotine users are at greater risk for physical health problems as well as the adverse effects of nicotine on sleep health. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Weather Shocks and Labor Allocation: Evidence from Rural Brazil
Authors: Branco Danyelle , Féres José
Published: November 2020

We examine the effects of rainfall shocks on household work decisions in Brazil. We show that rural farming households increase labor supply in non‐agricultural sectors during drought episodes. An additional drought month per year is associated with greater likelihood of holding more than one job, lower share of agricultural employment, and more time spent performing a secondary job. Together, these findings suggest that households alter their labor decisions to mitigate the consequences of weather shocks.
Caravan explosions: a case series of burns patients at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
Authors: Swift Kate , Vujcich Elizabeth , Matthews Teresa , Reade Michael C.
Published: November 2020

Background

Caravan explosions due to gas cylinder explosions or gas leaks are responsible for a small but significantly injured group of burns patients. Those involved in explosions are sometimes assumed to be at risk of primary blast wave injury; however, the likelihood of such injuries is unclear. The aim of this research was to seek evidence of primary blast injury in groups defined by clinicians as having sustained burns in explosive and non‐explosive events.

Methods

This is a single‐centre case series of patients with caravan‐related burns from 2009 to 2019, identified using the burns data registry at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on the mechanism of injury, with injuries sustained from either a gas bottle explosion (group 1) or from gas ignition (group 2).

Results

Twenty‐one patients were identified over the 10‐year period. The explosion group suffered more extensive burns, with a median % total body surface area of 31% (23.5–43.5) and 9.5% (5–20) in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P = 0.01). There was a numerically longer median hospital and intensive care unit length of stay in group 1. In multivariable analysis, there were no statistically significant predictors of intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. None of the patients appeared to have suffered any of the expected effects of primary blast wave injury.

Conclusion

Gas bottle explosions in caravans uncommonly, if ever, result in a blast wave of sufficient energy to cause primary blast injury.
Part 2: Blockchain technology in health care
Authors: Tan Lorwai , Tivey David , Kopunic Helena , Babidge Wendy , Langley Sally , Maddern Guy
Published: November 2020

Blockchain technology in health care.
Is sufficient experience performing open gastrectomies necessary to start laparoscopic distal gastrectomy training?
Authors: Yamada Takanobu , Kano Kazuki , Fujikawa Hirohito , Komori Keisuke , Watanabe Hayato , Shimoda Yota , Shiozawa Manabu , Morinaga Soichiro , Aoyama Toru , Numata Masakatsu , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Ogata Takashi , Oshima Takashi
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Laparoscopic gastrectomy has become a standard procedure for treatment of gastric cancer, and hence, the opportunity for trainees to perform open gastrectomies may decrease. We investigated whether laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, performed by surgical trainees without sufficient experience performing open gastrectomies, was feasible and safe.

Patients and Methods

We compared short‐term outcomes in patients when laparoscopic distal gastrectomies were performed by experienced trainees (ET group; n = 124) and inexperienced trainees (IT group; n = 98) from 2013 to 2019.

Results

The operation time was significantly shorter in the ET group (median time: 253 minutes vs 286 minutes, P < 0.001). The incidence of grade ≥ 2 postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the groups. In the multivariate analysis, experience performing open gastrectomies was not an independent predictor of postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomies performed by trainees, with insufficient experience performing open gastrectomies, are as feasible and safe as that performed by ET.
The hyolaryngeal apparatus of three species ofScinax(Scinaxinae: Hylidae: Anura) and comparison with other Hylidae species
Authors: Arenas‐Rodríguez Angélica , Hoyos Julio Mario
Published: November 2020

The hyolaryngeal apparatus includes the arytenoid, cricoid and hyoid cartilages, and varied sizes and shapes can be distinguished between species. Although the larynx is an important morphological structure for sound production in frogs, few studies describe the structures and processes of its parts in hylids. We studied the hyolaryngeal anatomy of both males and females ofScinax ruber(Laurenti, 1768), using clearing and double staining methods, comparing it with that ofScinax wandae(Pyburn and Fouquette, 1971), Scinax kennedyi(Pyburn, 1973) and other hylid species. We found thatS. ruberhas the largest arytenoid cartilage of any species of the subfamily Scinaxinae studied to date. We described both the laryngeal differences among threeScinaxspecies and the interspecific variability in the shapes of the projections of the arytenoid in the males of these species. The taxonomic characters (presence/absence of processes of the cartilage of Santorini, oesophageal process or bronchial processes) described here can play a key role in differentiating these species fromScinaxspecies and from other species. In addition, we want to contribute to the natural history and comparison of the larynges inScinaxand within the genus and the Hylidae.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes among 2347 patients aged ≥85 years with major lymphoma subtypes: a Nordic Lymphoma Group study
Authors: Wästerlid Tove , Oren Gradel Kim , Eloranta Sandra , Glimelius Ingrid , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Frederiksen Henrik , Smedby Karin E.
Published: November 2020

There is a lack of data regarding treatment and prognosis for the growing group of oldest old patients with lymphoma. Therefore, we studied 2347 patients aged ≥85 years from the Danish and Swedish lymphoma registers 2000–2016 (Denmark) and 2007–2013 (Sweden). Outcome was assessed using relative survival (RS). The 2‐year RS overall for patients with aggressive lymphomas was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35–42%], of whom 845 (66%) patients received active treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, other). For aggressive lymphomas, not receiving active treatment was associated with an inferior 2‐year RS of 12% (95% CI 9–17%) compared to 49% (95% CI 45–53%) for patients who received active treatment (excess mortality rate ratio 2·84, 95% CI 2·3–3·5; P < 0·0001). For patients with indolent lymphoma, the 2‐year RS was 77% (95% CI 72–82%). Here, 383 (46%) patients received active treatment at diagnosis, but did not have better 2‐year RS (75%, 95% CI 67–81%) compared to those who did not receive active treatment (83%, 95% CI 74–89%). We conclude that outcomes for the oldest old patients with lymphoma are encouraging for several subtypes and that active treatment is associated with improved outcome amongst the oldest old patients with aggressive lymphomas, indicating that age itself should not be a contraindication to treatment.
“I don’t wanna be mad and sad”: Using individual systemic therapy to help manage anger and low mood in an adult with a learning disability
Authors: Birdsey Nicola
Published: November 2020

Accessible summary

People with learning disabilities may find it useful to speak to a therapist if they struggle with difficulties like anger and low mood.

Instead of seeing problems as being within the individual, some therapists think about how other people and wider relationships impact on a person's well‐being. This is called “systemic therapy” as it thinks about the wider systems (like family, work and social care teams) and how they can make difficulties better or worse.

There is limited research that looks at systemic therapy with people with learning disabilities, which is surprising because individuals may have many different relationships with friends, relatives and people in different services.

Some of the techniques that help things to change include the following: the therapist being curious, asking specific questions to help the individual think about their situation and working with the individual to find a different way of looking at problems.

People with learning disabilities have historically been overlooked in research investigating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, despite the increased prevalence of mental health difficulties among this population. As it is not uncommon for individuals with learning disabilities to be part of different relational systems (including access to a range of services), it seems logical to consider wider systems when seeking to understand difficulties that individuals may experience. While it is encouraging that there is growing interest in the use of systemic interventions for people with learning disabilities, there is limited peer‐reviewed research exploring psychological difficulties from a systemic lens. This paper seeks to address the gap in literature by presenting a case where individual systemic therapy is used to help an adult with a learning disability to manage low mood and anger. The paper documents the therapist's clinical decision‐making and learning from this case, with the hope that it encourages others to consider systemic interventions for people with learning disabilities in future.