bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land Surface Temperature May Have a Greater Impact than Air Temperature on the Autumn Phenology in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tang Hanya , Sun Xizao , Zhou Xuelin , Li Cheng , Ma Lei , Liu Jinlian , Ding Zhi , Liu Shiwei , Yu Pujia , Jia Luyao , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2024

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), with its unique geographical and climatic conditions, holds a significant role in global climate change. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to fully understand its vegetation phenology. Herbaceous plants are widely distributed in the TP. However, previous studies have predominantly examined the impact of air temperature on the end date of the vegetation growing season (EOS), with less emphasis on the influence of land surface temperature (LST). In this study, the dynamic changes in the EOS from 2001 to 2020 were analyzed by utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data published by NASA. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on the EOS was examined, and the dominant factor (air temperature, LST, or precipitation) influencing the EOS was identified. The main findings were as follows: the average annual EOS predominantly occurred between day of year (DOY) 240 and 280, with an advance from the edge of the plateau to the center. The EOS across the entire region displayed a marginal tendency towards delay, with an average rate of 0.017 days/year. Among all vegetation, shrubs showed the most pronounced delay at a rate of 0.04 days/year. In terms of precipitation, the impact of climate change increased precipitation in both summer and autumn, which could delay EOS. In terms of temperature, an increase in summer Tmin, autumn air temperatures and summer LST delayed the EOS, while an increase in autumn LST advanced the EOS. Compared to air temperature and precipitation, LST had a stronger controlling effect on the EOS (the largest pixel area dominated by LST). These results could offer new insights for enhancing the parameters of vegetation phenology models across the TP.
Spatial Pattern of Drought-Induced Mortality Risk and Influencing Factors for Robinia pseudoacacia L. Plantations on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhong-Dian , Liu Tong-Hui , Huang Ming-Bin , Yan Xiao-Ying , Liu Ming-Hua , Yan Jun-Hui , Chen Fei-Yan , Yan Wei , Niu Ji-Qiang
Published: August 2024

During the large-scale vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, the introduction of exotic species with high water consumption, such as Robinia pseudoacacia L., led to widespread soil desiccation, and resulted in severe drought stress and increasing risk of forest degradation and mortality. Accurate assessment of drought-induced mortality risk in plantation forests is essential for evaluating and enhancing the sustainability of ecological restoration, yet quantitative research at the regional scale on the Loess Plateau is lacking. With a focus on Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantations, we utilized a coupled model of the Biome BioGeochemical Cycles model and plant supply–demand hydraulic model (BBGC-SPERRY model) to simulate the dynamics of the annual average percentage loss of whole-plant hydraulic conductance (APLK) at 124 meteorological stations over an extended period (1961–2020) to examine changes in plant hydraulic safety in Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantations. Based on the probability distribution of APLK at each site, the drought-induced mortality risk probability (DMRP) in Robinia pseudoacacia L. was determined. The results indicate the BBGC-SPERRY model could effectively simulate the spatiotemporal variations in transpiration and evapotranspiration in Robinia pseudoacacia L. stands on the Loess Plateau. The mean APLK and DMRP exhibited increasing trends from southeast to northwest along a precipitation gradient, with their spatial patterns on the Loess Plateau mainly driven by mean annual precipitation and also significantly influenced by other climatic and soil factors. The low-risk (DMRP < 2%), moderate-risk (2% ≤ DMRP ≤ 5%), and high-risk (DMRP > 5%) zones for drought-induced mortality in Robinia pseudoacacia L. accounted for 60.0%, 30.7%, and 9.3% of the study area, respectively. These quantitative findings can provide an important basis for rational forestation and sustainable vegetation management on the Loess Plateau.
Accumulation of Glomalin-Related Soil Protein Regulated by Plantation Types and Vertical Distribution of Soil Characteristics in Southern China
Authors: Wu Miaolan , Zhang Shaochun , Gu Xiaojuan , He Zhihang , Liu Yue , Mo Qifeng
Published: August 2024

The glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is an important component of soil organic carbon (SOC), which plays an important role in maintaining soil structural stability, soil carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) fixation. However, little is known about the GRSP content in soil and its contribution to soil nutrients in plantations of different tree species. In this study, we determined the soil physicochemical characteristics and GRSP contents in different soil layers of four kinds of plantations, including Acacia mangium (AM), Pinus caribaea (PC), Eucalyptus urophylla (EU), and Magnoliaceae glanca (MG), to address how the plantation types affected the GRSP in different layers of soil in southern China. The results showed that with an increase in soil depth, the GRSP content decreased linearly, and the contribution rate of GRSP to SOC and total nitrogen (TN) in deep soil was 1.08–1.18 times that in surface soil. The tree species significantly affected the vertical distribution of GRSP in soil. Among the four plantations, the conifer species PC had the highest level of GRSP, while the N-fixing species AM had the lowest level. However, SOC, soil capillary porosity (CP), TN, soil water content (SWC), and total phosphorus (TP) were important factors regulating soil GRSP content. Additionally, the regulation effects of soil properties on GRSP were various in surface and deep soil among different plantations. In order to improve soil quality and C sequestration potential, conifer species can be planted appropriately, or conifer species and N-fixing species can be mixed to increase soil nutrient content and enhance soil structure and function in afforestation of southern China.
Food Supplements and Their Use in Elderly Subjects—Challenges and Risks in Selected Health Issues: A Narrative Review
Authors: Campos Maria João , Czlapka-Matyasik Magdalena , Pena Angelina
Published: August 2024

The European population is ageing. Food Supplements (FSs) are foods with particular characteristics, consumed by elderly people for various purposes, including combating nutritional deficits. Their consumption in this age group, associated with a high prevalence of polypharmacy, can enhance interactions. Potential drug-food (or food supplements), drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy are common health issues among older adults. The prevalence of polypharmacy is high, and preliminary data also indicate that there is significant FS use, increasing the risk of the duplication of therapies and various adverse reactions as well as drug–FS and FS-FS interactions. Therefore, the intervention of health professionals in mitigating these risks is essential. This review highlights and discusses the association between FSs, polypharmacy, and adverse reactions due to the risk of potential interactions between these products. Moreover, it also provides current scientific evidence regarding the use of FSs by the elderly. A review of the challenges, advantages, and risks of using FSs in elderly people who are malnourished and/or polymedicated, focusing on the good practises needed to support healthy ageing, is presented. In this regard, this paper aims to help health professionals better deal with the issue of the use of multiple FSs and polypharmacy, overcome the malnutrition problem, and improve the health and well-being of older adults.
Optimization and Characterization of PEG Extraction Process for Tartary Buckwheat-Derived Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Jiyue , Zhou Chuang , Tan Maoling , Cao Yanan , Ren Yuanhang , Peng Lianxin
Published: August 2024

Plant-derived edible nanovesicles serve as crucial nanocarriers for targeted delivery of bioactive substances, including miRNAs and phytochemicals, to specific tissues. They have emerged as a significant focus in precision nutrient delivery research. In this study, Tartary-buckwheat-derived nanoparticles (TBDNs) were isolated and purified using a combination of differential centrifugation and PEG precipitation. A response surface test was employed to optimize the extraction process of TBDNs in terms of yield, total phenol and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated that TBDNs exhibited the highest yield and activity at a 10% concentration of PEG, pH 5, and centrifugation temperature of 4 °C. Under these conditions, the measured yield of TBDNs was 1.7795 g/kg, with a total phenol content of 178.648 mg/100 g, total flavonoid content of 145.421 mg/100 g, and DPPH-radical-scavenging rate reaching 86.37%. Characterization through a transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle-size-tracking analyzer revealed that TBDNs possessed a teato-type vesicle structure with dispersed vesicle clusters present within them. Furthermore, the extracted TBDNs were found to have an average particle size of 182.8 nm with the main peak observed at 162.8 nm when tested for particle size distribution analysis. These findings provide a novel method for extracting TBDNs while laying the groundwork for future investigations into their activities.
Characterization of Fibers Prepared by Centrifugal Spinning from Biotechnologically Derived Chicken Gelatin
Authors: Martinek Jakub , Mokrejš Pavel , Pavlačková Jana , Hřibová Martina , Pokorný Pavel , Janáčová Dagmar , Gál Robert
Published: August 2024

The application of biopolymer-based materials is increasing due to better sustainability and environmental protection properties. Gelatin fibers have a specific surface and high porosity, which is why their use in medicine and the food industry is being researched. This article explores the potential of centrifugal spinning to produce gelatin fibers. Gelatin for fiber preparation was obtained from a non-traditional source of collagen (chicken by-products) using a unique enzymatic process. The fiber quality was compared with those prepared from gelatins produced from traditional collagen tissues (porcine, bovine). The results showed that fibers cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor preserved their structure even in contact with water. Using a cross-linker controlled swelling ability and solubility while maintaining the fiber structure. On the contrary, uncross-linked gelatin fibers were water soluble due to a high surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating water penetration and dissolution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided a clearer picture of the morphology of gelatin fibers obtained by centrifugal spinning. Differences in the amount of bonding depending on the raw material used and the presence of a cross-linker were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The overall results showed that chicken gelatin is a suitable alternative to gelatins from traditional sources and can be used for preparing food and pharmaceutical packaging and coatings, fibers, or bioprinting of 3D matrices.
Effect of Age, Deboning Time of Carcass, and Different Cooking Conditions on the Woody Breast Myopathies in Chicken: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Siddique Aftab , Black Micah T. , Alvarado Bet W. , Garner Laura , Huang Tung-Shi , Gupta Ashish , Wilson Alan E. , Sawyer Jason T. , Morey Amit
Published: August 2024

This meta-analysis review undertakes a comprehensive examination of various approaches for identifying myopathic fillets and meticulously evaluates the effects of bird age, deboning time, and different cooking and storage conditions on woody breast (WB) myopathic conditions in broiler deboned fillets. The data, meticulously collected from 20 articles based on predefined inclusion criteria sourced from various databases and online resources, reveal significant insights. For instance, the analysis uncovers that deboning time significantly affects Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (MORS), Blunt Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (BMORS), and descriptive analysis values (p < 0.001). Instrumentation techniques, such as compression force and shear force, along with different cooking conditions, strongly impact BMORS shear force values (R2 = 86.80%), with significance levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.001. Deboning time also substantially impacts MORS shear force values (R = 64.03%). In contrast, the effects of deboning time, bird age, and cooking conditions on descriptive sensory evaluation are minimal when compared to woody breast fillets (age of birds: R2 = 26.53%; cooking conditions: R2 = 32.57%; deboning time: R2 = 10.06%). The overall effect of bird age on chicken breast meat quality shows significant differences for the evaluated parameters (Hedges’ g [95% CI] = −0.72 [0.17, 1.26], I2 = 93%, p < 0.01). The sous vide cooking method significantly affects shear force energies and sensory descriptive evaluation for woody breast fillets (Hedges’ g [95% CI] = 5.30 [−50.30, 83.40], I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). These findings, with their significant implications, provide valuable insights for optimizing processing conditions in the poultry industry to reduce woody breast occurrences and enhance meat quality, instilling confidence in the robustness of the research.
Impact of Thermally Inactivated Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Derivatives on White Wine
Authors: Civa Valentina , Maioli Francesco , Canuti Valentina , Pietrini Bianca Maria , Bosaro Matteo , Mannazzu Ilaria , Domizio Paola
Published: August 2024

While a recent characterization of non-Saccharomyces thermally inactivated yeasts (TIYs) in a wine-like solution highlighted the release of oenologically relevant compounds and different oxygen consumption rates and antioxidant activity, here the impact of TIYs derived from Saccharomycodes ludwigii (SL), Metschnikowia pulcherrima (MP), Torulaspora delbrueckii (TD), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), as the reference strain, was evaluated in white wine. Wine treatment with TIYs resulted in an increase in polysaccharide concentration compared to the untreated wine, with SL-TIY exhibiting the highest release. Additionally, all TIYs, particularly SL-TIY, improved protein stability by reducing heat-induced haze formation. The addition of TIYs also demonstrated an effect on color parameters through phenolic compound adsorption, preventing potential browning phenomena. All TIYs significantly impacted the wine’s volatile profile. Overall, it was shown that an improvement in wine quality and stability may be obtained by using TIYs in the winemaking process.
Comparative Analysis of Two NGS-Based Platforms for Product-of-Conception Karyotyping
Authors: Murase Yuri , Shichiri Yui , Inagaki Hidehito , Nakano Tatsuya , Nakaoka Yoshiharu , Morimoto Yoshiharu , Ichikawa Tomoko , Nishizawa Haruki , Sugihara Eiji , Kurahashi Hiroki
Published: August 2024

Cytogenetic information about the product of conception (POC) is important to determine the presence of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities that are an indication for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy or structural rearrangements. Although microscopic examination by G-staining has long been used for such an evaluation, detection failures are relatively common with this method, due to cell-culture-related issues. The utility of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS) using short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been highlighted recently as an alternative cytogenomic approach for POC analysis. We, here, performed comparative analysis of two NGS-based protocols for this purpose based on different short-read sequencers (the Illumina VeriSeq system using a MiSeq sequencer and the Thermo Fisher ReproSeq system using an Ion S5 sequencer). The cytogenomic diagnosis obtained with each NGS method was equivalent in each of 20 POC samples analyzed. Notably, X chromosome sequence reads were reduced in some female samples with both systems. The possibility of low-level mosaicism for monosomy X as an explanation for this was excluded by FISH analysis. Additional data from samples with various degrees of X chromosome aneuploidy suggested that it was a technical artifact related to X chromosome inactivation. Indeed, subsequent nanopore sequencing indicated that the DNA in the samples showing the artifact was predominantly unmethylated. Our current findings indicate that although X chromosome data must be interpreted with caution, both the systems we tested for NGS-based lcWGS are useful alternatives for the karyotyping of POC samples.
Identification of Nonsynonymous SNPs in Immune-Related Genes Associated with Pneumonia Severity in Pigs
Authors: Shinkai Hiroki , Suzuki Kasumi , Itoh Tomohito , Yoshioka Gou , Takenouchi Takato , Kitazawa Haruki , Uenishi Hirohide
Published: August 2024

We previously showed that several polymorphisms in genes encoding pattern recognition receptors that cause amino acid substitutions alter pathogen recognition ability and disease susceptibility in pigs. In this study, we expanded our analysis to a wide range of immune-related genes and investigated polymorphism distribution and its influence on pneumonia in multiple commercial pig populations. Among the polymorphisms in 42 genes causing 634 amino acid substitutions extracted from the swine genome database, 80 in 24 genes were found to have a minor allele frequency of at least 10% in Japanese breeding stock pigs via targeted resequencing. Of these, 62 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 23 genes were successfully genotyped in 862 pigs belonging to four populations with data on pneumonia severity. Association analysis using a generalized linear mixed model revealed that 12 SNPs in nine genes were associated with pneumonia severity. In particular, SNPs in the cellular receptor for immunoglobulin G FCGR2B and the intracellular nucleic acid sensors IFI16 and LRRFIP1 were found to be associated with mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine or porcine pleuropneumonia in multiple populations and may therefore have wide applications in the improvement of disease resistance in pigs. Functional analyses at the cellular and animal levels are required to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effects of these SNPs on disease susceptibility.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Internet of Things: A Scoping Review
Authors: Graca Sandro , Alloh Folashade , Lagojda Lukasz , Dallaway Alexander , Kyrou Ioannis , Randeva Harpal S. , Kite Chris
Published: August 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder impacting women’s health and quality of life. This scoping review explores the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in PCOS management. Results were grouped into six domains of the IoT: mobile apps, social media, wearables, machine learning, websites, and phone-based. A further domain was created to capture participants’ perspectives on using the IoT in PCOS management. Mobile apps appear to be useful for menstrual cycle tracking, symptom recording, and education. Despite concerns regarding the quality and reliability of social media content, these platforms may play an important role in disseminating PCOS-related information. Wearables facilitate detailed symptom monitoring and improve communication with healthcare providers. Machine learning algorithms show promising results in PCOS diagnosis accuracy, risk prediction, and app development. Although abundant, PCOS-related content on websites may lack quality and cultural considerations. While patients express concerns about online misinformation, they consider online forums valuable for peer connection. Using text messages and phone calls to provide feedback and support to PCOS patients may help them improve lifestyle behaviors and self-management skills. Advancing evidence-based, culturally sensitive, and accessible IoT solutions can enhance their potential to transform PCOS care, address misinformation, and empower women to better manage their symptoms.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Management of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Alabdulkader Balsam , Alsiwat Yara , Almatar Hessa , Albdah Bayan , Almustanyir Ali , Almutleb Essam , Alkanhal Norah , Almazroa Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment; however, little is known about its burden in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of ocular trauma in pediatric patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients and methods: Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with eye injuries between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and injury characteristics were collected, and ocular trauma injuries were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology. Results: A total of 855 injured patients were included in the study, of whom 525 (61.4%) were boys. Patient age ranged from one month to 18 years. Most ocular injuries occurred in children aged 5–9 years. The injuries were more prevalent in boys than in girls. Closed globe injuries accounted for 70% of cases, open globe injuries for 21%, and other injuries for 9%. Most ocular injuries occurred at home (n = 87, 42%), followed by school (n = 61, 30%). Conclusions: These results may inform the implementation and targeting of interventions to reduce or prevent eye injuries in children. Further, they highlight the importance of well-planned prevention programs to prevent eye injuries from occurring in children’s daily lives.
Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Vitiligo and Their Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Kądziela Marcelina , Kutwin Magdalena , Karp Paulina , Woźniacka Anna
Published: August 2024

Vitiligo is a persistent autoimmune disease characterized by progressive depigmentation of the skin caused by the selective destruction of melanocytes. Although its etiopathogenesis remains unclear, multiple factors are involved in the development of this disease, from genetic and metabolic factors to cellular oxidative stress, melanocyte adhesion defects, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge on the role of different cellular mechanisms, including cytokines and chemokines interactions, in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Although there is no definitive cure for vitiligo, notable progress has been made, and several treatments have shown favorable results. A thorough understanding of the basis of the disease uncovers promising drug targets for future research, providing clinical researchers with valuable insights for developing improved treatment options.
Usage of Tranexamic Acid for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Analysis of 144,344 Patients
Authors: Thapaliya Anubhav , Mittal Mehul M. , Ratcliff Terrul L. , Mounasamy Varatharaj , Wukich Dane K. , Sambandam Senthil N.
Published: August 2024

Background: The literature is inconclusive regarding the potential complications of tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic drug, for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study is to compare complication rates and patient outcomes between THA patients administered TXA vs. THA patients not administered TXA. Methods: The TriNetX Research network was utilized to generate a cohort of adult patients who underwent THA between 2003 and 2024. These patients were categorized into two subgroups for the retrospective analysis: (1) patients who received TXA 24 h prior to THA (TXA), and (2) patients who did not receive TXA 24 h prior to total hip arthroplasty (no-TXA). The follow-up period was 30 and 90 days. Results: At 30 days following THA, the TXA patients had a reduced risk of transfusion (risk ratio (RR): 0.412; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.374, 0.453), reduced risk of DVT (RR: 0.856; CI: 0.768, 0.953), reduced risk of joint infection (RR: 0.808; CI: 0.710, 0.920), but a higher rate of periprosthetic fracture (RR: 1.234; CI: 1.065, 1.429) compared to patients who did not receive TXA. At 90 days following THA, TXA patients had a reduced risk of transfusion (RR: 0.446; CI: 0.408, 0.487), DVT (RR: 0.847; CI: 0.776, 0.924), and periprosthetic joint infection (RR: 0.894; CI: 0.815, 0.982) compared to patients who did not receive TXA. Patients who received TXA had higher rates of periprosthetic fracture (RR: 1.219; CI: 1.088, 1.365), acute postoperative anemia (RR: 1.222; CI: 1.171, 1.276), deep surgical site infection (SSI) (RR: 1.706; CI: 1.117, 2.605), and superficial SSI (RR: 1.950; CI: 1.567, 2.428) compared to patients who did not receive TXA. Conclusions: Patients receiving TXA prior to THA exhibited significantly reduced the prevalence of blood transfusions, DVT, and periprosthetic joint infection following THA. However, superficial SSI and periprosthetic fracture were seen with higher rates in the TXA cohort than in the no-TXA cohort.
Spectrum of Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Its Relationship with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Oancea Alexandru-Florinel , Morariu Paula , Buburuz Ana , Miftode Ionela-Larisa , Miftode Radu , Mitu Ovidiu , Jigoranu Alexandru , Floria Diana-Elena , Timpau Amalia , Vata Andrei , Plesca Claudia , Botnariu Gina , Burlacu Alexandru , Scripcariu Dragos-Viorel , Raluca Mitea , Cuciureanu Magdalena , Tanase Daniela , Costache-Enache Irina , Floria Mariana
Published: August 2024

This article aims to analyze the relationship between non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for clinical management. NOCAD and AF are prevalent cardiovascular conditions that often coexist, yet their interrelation is not well understood. NOCAD can lead to ischemic necrosis of cardiomyocytes and their replacement with fibrous tissue, sustaining focal ectopic activity in atrial myocardium. Atrial fibrillation, on the other hand, the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is able to accelerate atherosclerosis and increase oxygen consumption in the myocardium, creating a mismatch between supply and demand, and thus promoting the development or worsening of coronary ischemia. Therefore, NOCAD and AF seem to be a complex interplay with one begets another.
The Concept of Health Debt Incurred during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Example of Basal Cell Skin Cancer Diagnosis in Lower Silesia
Authors: Szkudlarek Danuta , Gębarowski Tomasz , Hauzer Nikola , Wiatrak Benita
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Lower Silesia, Poland, comparing pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. It investigates how different medical facilities adapted to the pandemic’s challenges and the subsequent implications for cancer diagnosis. Methods: Data from histopathology and cytology laboratories were analyzed, focusing on BCC diagnoses from 2018 to 2022. This study included various medical centers categorized by size and source of implementation. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare diagnoses before, during, and after the pandemic. Results: During the initial wave of the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in newly diagnosed BCC cases, followed by a surge post-pandemic. Larger medical centers adapted more effectively, while district hospitals faced challenges. Private practices maintained stable diagnosis rates. The increase in diagnoses post-pandemic suggests a backlog of undiagnosed cases during the pandemic. Discussion: Challenges in accessing healthcare during the pandemic led to delayed cancer diagnoses. Larger medical centers were better equipped to handle the crisis, while district hospitals struggled. Private practices maintained stability, possibly due to pre-scheduled appointments. Recommendations include public education on symptom recognition and standardizing histopathological evaluation protocols. Conclusions: Despite data limitations, this study provides valuable insights into the pandemic’s impact on cancer diagnosis, highlighting the need for proactive measures in future health crises to ensure timely detection and treatment of cancer cases.
From Diagnosis to Fertility: Optimizing Treatment of Adenomyosis for Reproductive Health
Authors: Kim Hanna , Frisch Emily H. , Falcone Tommaso
Published: August 2024

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecologic disorder that had previously not been well studied or understood. However, it is now become a more common diagnosis with long-standing implications especially for fertility. In this literature review, the pathophysiology and diagnosis along with management options for uterine preservation and fertility along with more definitive options are reviewed. While there is a better understanding of adenomyosis, there is still more research that is needed to fully elucidate the best ways of management for patients especially in those seeking fertility.
Role of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Complex High-Risk and Indicated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Current Indications, Device Options, and Potential Complications
Authors: Di Muro Francesca Maria , Bellino Michele , Esposito Luca , Attisano Tiziana , Meucci Francesco , Mattesini Alessio , Galasso Gennaro , Vecchione Carmine , Di Mario Carlo
Published: August 2024

Improved expertise and technological advancements have enabled the safe and effective performance of complex and high-risk-indicated percutaneous coronary intervention (CHIP) in patients previously considered inoperable or high-risk. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices play a crucial role in stabilizing hemodynamics during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) -related ischemia, thereby reducing the risk of major adverse events and achieving a more complete revascularization. However, the use of MCS devices in protected PCI is not without risks, including peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI), bleeding, and access-related complications. Despite numerous observational studies, there is a significant lack of randomized clinical trials comparing different MCS devices in various CHIP scenarios and evaluating their long-term safety and efficacy profiles. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the benefits of MCS devices during CHIPs, offer a practical guide for selecting appropriate devices based on clinical scenarios, and highlight the unanswered questions that future trials need to address.
Harmonizing Heartbeats: The Mosaic of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Responders—A Comprehensive Exploration of Diverse Criteria and Predictors
Authors: Boxhammer Elke , Zauner Sophie , Kraus Johannes , Dinges Christian , Schernthaner Christiana , Danmayr Franz , Kolbitsch Tobias , Granitz Christina , Motloch Lukas J. , Hammerer Matthias , Lichtenauer Michael , Hoppe Uta C. , Strohmer Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a challenging healthcare issue necessitating innovative therapies like cardiac resynchronization–defibrillation therapy (CRT-D). However, the definition of a CRT-D response lacks uniformity, impeding effective clinical evaluation. This study explores diverse CRT-D responder definitions encompassing functional, echocardiographic and laboratory criteria. Materials & Methods: A single-center study involving 132 CRT-D patients scrutinized responder criteria including NYHA stage, LVEF increase and proBNP decrease. Statistical analyses such as Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox hazard regression were employed to evaluate responder characteristics and survival outcomes. Results: Responder rates varied across criteria, revealing nuanced patient profiles. CRT-D responders defined by NYHA decrease, LVEF increase or proBNP decrease exhibit improved survival rates after 2 and 3 years (p < 0.050). Young age, absence of recent myocardial infarction and normal right ventricular echocardiographic parameters emerge as predictors for positive response. In part, drug-based HF therapy correlates with increased responder rates. Cox regression identified LVEF ≥ 5% and proBNP decrease ≥ 25% as independent predictors of extended survival. Conclusions: CRT-D responder definitions exhibit considerable variability, emphasizing the need for a nuanced patient-centered approach. Factors like right ventricular function, drug therapy, atrial fibrillation and renal function influence responses. This study enriches our understanding of CRT-D response and contributes to the foundation for personalized HF management.
Chitosan-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Modulating the Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota
Authors: Luo Yuhang , Peng Shujiang , Cheng Jintao , Yang Hongli , Lin Lin , Yang Guiling , Jin Yuanxiang , Wang Qingchi , Wen Zhengshun
Published: August 2024

Low molecular weight chitosan selenium nanoparticles (LCS-SeNPs), a biologically active compound derived from selenium polysaccharides, have demonstrated potential in addressing obesity. However, the mechanism through which LCS-SeNPs alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Our results elucidated that LCS-SeNPs significantly inhibited fat accumulation and markedly improved the intestinal barrier by increasing mucus secretion from goblet cells. Moreover, LCS-SeNPs reshaped intestinal flora composition by increasing the abundance of mucus-associated microbiota (Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Muribaculaceae_unclassified) and decreasing the abundance of obesity-contributed bacterium (Anaerotruncus, Lachnoclostridium, and Proteus). The modulation of intestinal microbiota by LCS-SeNPs influenced several metabolic pathways, including bile acid secretion, purine metabolites, and tryptophan derivation. Meanwhile, glycocholic acid and tauro-beta-muricholic acid were significantly reduced in the LCS-SeNP group. Our study suggests the crucial role of intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism, providing a new theoretical foundation for utilizing selenium polysaccharides in the intervention of HFD-induced NAFLD.
Computational Study of Overtopping Phenomenon over Cylindrical Structures Including Mitigation Structures
Authors: Esteban Gustavo A. , Ezkurra Xabier , Bidaguren Iñigo , Albaina Iñigo , Izquierdo Urko
Published: August 2024

Wave overtopping occurring in offshore wind renewable energy structures such as tension leg platforms (TLPs) or semi-submersible platforms is a phenomenon that is worth studying and preventing in order to extend the remaining useful life of the corresponding facilities. The behaviour of this phenomenon has been extensively reported for linear coastal defences like seawalls. However, no referenced study has treated the case of cylindrical structures typical of these applications to a similar extent. The aim of the present study is to define an empirical expression that portrays the relative overtopping rate over a vertical cylinder including a variety of bull-nose type mitigation structures to reduce the overtopping rate in the same fashion as for the linear structures characteristic of shoreline defences. Hydrodynamic interaction was studied by means of an experimentally validated numerical model applied to a non-impulsive regular wave regime and the results were compared with the case of a plain cylinder to evaluate the expected improvement in the overtopping performance. Four different types of parapets were added to the crest of the base cylinder, with different parapet height and horizontal extension, to see the influence of the geometry on the mitigation efficiency. Computational results confirmed the effectivity of the proposed solution in the overtopping reduction, though the singularity of each parapet geometry did not lead to an outstanding difference between the analysed options. Consequently, the resulting overtopping decrease in all the proposed geometries could be modelled by a unique specific Weibull-type function of the relative freeboard, which governed the phenomenon, showing a net reduction in comparison with the cylinder without the geometric modifications. In addition, the relationship between the reduced relative overtopping rate and the mean flow thickness over the vertical cylinder crest was studied as an alternative methodology to assess the potential damage caused by overtopping in real structures without complex volumetric measurements. The collection of computational results was fitted to a useful function, allowing for the definition of the overtopping discharge once the mean flow thickness was known.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Path Planning Based on Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Guo Xuan , Zhao Dongming , Fan Tingting , Long Fei , Fang Caihua , Long Yang
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the problem of path planning for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to cope with the influence of obstacles and eddies in complex marine environments, a path planning method based on an improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. Firstly, the motion model of the AUV and eddy current model are constructed, including the relationship between position, velocity, attitude, and control inputs. Secondly, the improved SSA is proposed, which introduces the Levy flight strategy to enhance the algorithm’s optimization seeking ability and adds a nonlinear convergence factor to enhance the convergence ability of the algorithm. The stability and robustness of the improved algorithm are verified by test functions. Finally, the ISSA is applied to AUV path planning, which optimizes the AUV travel distance, improves the search efficiency and accuracy, and avoids the local optimum of the algorithm. The ISSA enhances the adaptive ability and robustness of the algorithm by introducing a dynamic adjustment strategy and feedback mechanism. Experimental verification is carried out using a simulated marine environment. The results show that the ISSA is better than the traditional algorithm in terms of path length as well as algorithm stability, and can effectively improve the navigation performance of AUV.
Multivariate Data Analysis of Maximum Stress Concentration Factors in FRP-Retrofitted Two-Planar KT-Joints under Axial Loads for Offshore Renewables
Authors: Zavvar Esmaeil , Sousa Fernanda , Taveira-Pinto Francisco , Rosa Santos Paulo
Published: August 2024

With growing concerns about the danger of global climate change and worldwide demand for energy, the interest in the investigation and construction of renewable energy technologies has increased. Fixed platforms are a type of support structure for wind turbines composed of different types of tubular joints. These structures are under different kinds of cyclic loadings in ocean environmental conditions, which must be designed and reinforced against fatigue. In the present paper, the relationships between the parameters in DKT-joints reinforced with FRP under axial loads are investigated using several models, under 16 axial loading cases, with different nondimensional parameters and different FRP materials, and orientations were generated in ANSYS (total 5184) and analyzed. The four loading conditions that cause the maximum stress concentration factors were selected. After analyzing the 1296 reinforced models, relevant data were extracted, and possible samples were created. The extracted data were used in a multivariate data analysis of maximum stress concentration factors. The Pearson correlation coefficient is utilized to study the relationship between parameters and subsequently to make predictions. To reduce the number of variables and to group the data points into clusters based on certain similarities, hierarchical and non-hierarchical classifications are used, respectively.
The Risk of Protectionism: What Can Be Lost?
Authors: Dabrowski Marek
Published: August 2024

The increasing wave of protectionism in various corners of the world with the use of seemingly attractive but economically misleading slogans (shortening supply chains, onshoring, reshoring, nearshoring, friend-shoring, reindustrialization, and ending/correcting ‘hyperglobalization’, etc.) creates a serious challenge to the global trading system and global economic development. Trade and financial transactions have also become victims of the increasing number of geopolitical conflicts and tensions, both ‘hot’ and ‘cold’. Before it becomes too late, i.e., before the current trade tensions go too far and create the hardly reversible spiral of trade and financial wars, retaliations, etc., it is desirable to reflect on what can be lost due to protectionism. This essay analyzes four areas that have benefited from global economic integration since the 1980s (economic growth, poverty eradication, reduction in global economic inequalities, and disinflation) and may suffer from its reversal. It also discusses potential remedies that may help stop a protectionist drift.
Exploring Lacrimal Gland Tear Production in Sheep under General Anesthesia: Examining the Potential Impact of Utilizing 1% Hyaluronic Acid Ophthalmic Gel
Authors: Pavel Ruxandra , Ene Ioana , Costea Ruxandra
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the lacrimal gland tear production, using the Schirmer Tear Test (STT), in healthy sheep under general anesthesia and to explore the effects of applying 1% hyaluronic acid ophthalmic gel during general anesthesia. While STT values during anesthesia have been well documented in small animals such as cats and dogs, there seems to be a lack of information available for ruminants like sheep. This gap in the literature highlights the need for further research and exploration into tear production in sheep under anesthesia. The experimental research conducted on twelve adults female sheep provided valuable insights into tear production under anesthesia. By assessing tear production at various key time points the study was able to capture the changes in tear production throughout anesthesia and revealed a significant decrease in Schirmer Tear Test values in all sheep, following general anesthesia. The results showed that closing and taping the eye yielded determined better outcomes compared to administering a 1% lubricant ophthalmic gel. This finding suggests that eye care during anesthesia can impact tear production in sheep.
Stability, Balance, and Physical Variables in Patients with Bilateral Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Ankle versus Their Healthy Peers: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Truque-Díaz Carlos , Meroño-Gallut Javier , Molina-García Cristina , Cuesta-Barriuso Rubén , Pérez-Llanes Raúl
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: The recurrence of hemarthrosis in patients with hemophilia triggers a pathophysiological process of degenerative, progressive, and irreversible joint destruction. This hemophilic arthropathy is characterized by chronic pain, muscle atrophy, loss of mobility, and proprioceptive alterations. As the same joint undergoes repeated hemarthrosis, the function of the mechanical receptors deteriorates, causing a pathophysiological modulation and deterioration of the musculoskeletal system. The objective was to analyze the differences in stability and balance, as well as in ankle dorsal flexion, functionality, and muscle strength, between patients with bilateral hemophilic arthropathy and their healthy peers. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive case–control study was performed. Twenty-two participants were recruited: 10 adult patients with bilateral hemophilic arthropathy of the knee and ankle and 12 healthy subjects. The variables were balance (Rs Scan pressure platform), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (Leg Motion), functionality (2-Minute Walk Test), and ankle dorsal strength (dynamometry). (3) Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the balance without visual support in the Max-Y variable (MD = 2.83; CI95%: 0.33;5.33; Effect size (d) = 0.67), ankle dorsiflexion (MD = 16.00; CI95%: 14.30; 20.0; d = 7.46), and strength of the ankle flexor muscles (MD = 128.50; CI95%: 92.50; 153.60; d = 2.76). (4) Conclusions: Ankle range of motion in dorsal flexion, functionality, and muscle strength in dorsal flexion is poorer in patients with bilateral lower limb hemophilic arthropathy than in their healthy peers. Patients with bilateral hemophilic ankle arthropathy have statistically poorer stability and balance without visual support than their healthy peers.
The Global Existence and Boundedness of Solutions to a Chemotaxis–Haptotaxis Model with Nonlinear Diffusion and Signal Production
Authors: Ai Beibei , Jia Zhe
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the following chemotaxis–haptotaxis system (1) with nonlinear diffusion and signal production under homogenous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain with smooth boundary. Under suitable conditions on the data we prove the following: (i) For 0<γ≤2n, if α>γ−k+1 and β>1−k, problem (1) admits a classical solution (u,v,w) which is globally bounded. (ii) For 2n<γ≤1, if α>γ−k+1e+1 and β>max{(nγ−2)(nγ+2k−2)2n−k+1,(nγ−2)(γ+1e)n−k+1} or α>γ−k+1 and β>max{(nγ−2)(nγ+2k−2)2n−k+1,(nγ−2)(α+k−1)n−k+1}, problem (1) admits a classical solution (u,v,w) which is globally bounded.
Forecasting and Multilevel Early Warning of Wind Speed Using an Adaptive Kernel Estimator and Optimized Gated Recurrent Units
Authors: Wang Pengjiao , Long Qiuliang , Zhang Hu , Chen Xu , Yu Ran , Guo Fengqi
Published: August 2024

Accurately predicting wind speeds is of great significance in various engineering applications, such as the operation of high-speed trains. Machine learning models are effective in this field. However, existing studies generally provide deterministic predictions and utilize decomposition techniques in advance to enhance predictive performance, which may encounter data leakage and fail to capture the stochastic nature of wind data. This work proposes an advanced framework for the prediction and early warning of wind speeds by combining the optimized gated recurrent unit (GRU) and adaptive kernel density estimator (AKDE). Firstly, 12 samples (26,280 points each) were collected from an extensive open database. Three representative metaheuristic algorithms were then employed to optimize the parameters of diverse models, including extreme learning machines, a transformer model, and recurrent networks. The results yielded an optimal selection using the GRU and the crested porcupine optimizer. Afterwards, by using the AKDE, the joint probability density and cumulative distribution function of wind predictions and related predicting errors could be obtained. It was then applicable to calculate the conditional probability that actual wind speed exceeds the critical value, thereby providing probabilistic-based predictions in a multilevel manner. A comparison of the predictive performance of various methods and accuracy of subsequent decisions validated the proposed framework.