bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Toward a fetal imaging perspective
Authors: Hayat Tayyib T. A. , Sami Musa B.
Published: June 2020

There is mounting evidence to implicate the intrauterine environment as the initial pathogenic stage for neuropsychiatric disease. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging technology are making a multimodal analysis of the fetal central nervous system a reality, allowing analysis of structural and functional parameters. Exposures to a range of pertinent risk factors whether preconception or in utero can now be indexed using imaging techniques within the fetus’ physiological environment. This approach may determine the first “hit” required for diseases that do not become clinically manifest until adulthood, and which only have subtle clinical markers during childhood and adolescence. A robust characterization of a “multi-hit” hypothesis may necessitate a longitudinal birth cohort; within this investigative paradigm, the full range of genetic and environmental risk factors can be assessed for their impact on the early developing brain. This will lay the foundation for the identification of novel biomarkers and the ability to devise methods for early risk stratification and disease prevention. However, these early markers must be followed over time: first, to account for neural plasticity, and second, to assess the effects of postnatal exposures that continue to drive the individual toward disease. We explore these issues using the schizophrenia spectrum disorders as an illustrative paradigm. However, given the potential richness of fetal magnetic resonance imaging, and the likely overlap of biomarkers, these concepts may extend to a range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Lone pronoun tags in Early Modern English: ProTag constructions in the dramas of Jonson, Marlowe and Shakespeare
Authors: MYCOCK LOUISE , MISSON JAMES
Published: June 2020

Recent research into right-dislocated pronouns has provided details of the form and functions of lone pronoun tag (ProTag) constructions in Present-day British English. In this article, we present the first systematic investigation of ProTag constructions in an earlier variety, Early Modern English. Using as our corpus the dramatic works of Jonson, Marlowe and Shakespeare – writers already known to make use of tag questions in their works – we identified and analysed ProTag constructions. Our findings reveal that ProTag constructions in Early Modern English differ from their Present-day British English equivalents with respect to possible functions: in the earlier variety ProTag constructions could have a ‘Question’ function, the same as tag questions. We also found the relative frequency of demonstrative ProTags compared to personal ProTags to be significantly different: personal ProTags are far more frequently attested than demonstrative ProTags in our corpus of Early Modern English drama texts; this is the reverse of what has been found for Present-day British English. We propose that a key factor in the observed change is extension of the types of referents that demonstrative ProTags can have. This study offers a new perspective on ProTag constructions, their classification and development.
Our Democracy: Laura Cornelius Kellogg’s Decolonial-Democracy
Authors: Temin David Myer
Published: June 2020

In recent years, a growing body of political science scholarship has shown how territorial expansion and Indigenous dispossession profoundly shaped American democratic ideas and institutions. However, scant attention has been paid to Indigenous thinkers and activists who have reshaped the colonial and imperial facets of democracy. I reconstruct the writings of the Oneida thinker and activist Laura Cornelius Kellogg (1880–1947). I contend that Kellogg offers a political theory of “decolonial-democracy,” which challenged settler-imperial domination by bringing together a project of Indigenous self-determination with reimagined democratic narratives, values, and institutions. The first and second sections place Kellogg in pan-Indigenous debates within the Society of American Indians and among non-Indigenous Progressive reformers, in order to show how she brings together a pan-Indigenous and social-democratic critique of American democracy. The third section interprets her landmark 1920 pamphletOur Democracy and the American Indianas a counter-narrative of the American founding read through the disavowed influence of the Haudenosaunee confederacy, a return to which she casts as a basis for democratic and Indigenous renewal. The final section outlines her vision of Indigenous self-government as “Indian communism” in the form of her “Lolomi Plan.” In sum, I trace a counter-politics envisioning a form of relational self-determination within a confederated, multinational political order, as well as the difficulty of bringing decolonization together with democracy in practice.
Making Good: On Parole in Early Twentieth-Century Illinois
Authors: Shahan Morgan
Published: June 2020

Parole laws, passed by most state legislatures at the turn of the century, provide for the release of prisoners before the expiration of their maximum sentence and for their supervision during their transition to free society. This article explores the early years of the parole system in Illinois. While the Illinois parole law indicated that parole agents would watch over ex-prisoners and aid in their rehabilitation, the state instead relied on private individuals, businesses, and voluntary organizations to supervise parolees. Agreements forged between prison officials and these supervisors illustrate the extent to which the private sector took on the functions of the state during the Progressive Era. As a result, employers and voluntary organizations developed a range of surveillance practices to maintain control over former prisoners, using informal systems of assessment and notions of success to evaluate the parolees in their charge. Though the parole system represented innovation on the part of the Illinois state government—a nod to emergent rehabilitative frameworks in penology—the reliance on voluntary organizations and businesses wove older class and gender ideals into this newer, purportedly more scientific and objective institution. This essay illuminates the everyday challenges of life on parole, tracing the experiences of ex-prisoners during the process of reentry and exposing the constant negotiations between employers, voluntary organizations, prisons, and parolees.
The shift from indirect to direct trade between China and South Asia, 1684–1740
Authors: Holroyd Ryan
Published: June 2020

This article will examine the structural evolution of China’s maritime trade with South Asia from 1684, the year in which the Qing dynasty legalized private commercial voyages, until about 1740. It concludes that, initially, most of the Chinese goods that entered the Indian Ocean destined for South Asian markets were first exported by Chinese merchants to Southeast Asian ports, and were then relayed from there to the Indian Ocean. The two most important hubs in this indirect trading system were Ayutthaya and Johor. However, between about 1715 and 1725, political changes in these two centres, combined with a short-lived Qing ban on Southeast Asian trade, encouraged South Asian-based merchants to increase the number of direct voyages they made to China each year. The result was an expansion of direct trade between South Asia and China at the expense of the indirect routes.
The evolving concept of access to justice in Singapore's mediation movement
Authors: Quek Anderson Dorcas
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the key societal developments underpinning the growth of mediation in Singapore with a view to analysing the evolving conceptualisation of justice within mediation. The introduction of mediation corresponded with a shift from adversarial justice to an indigenous form of conciliatory justice, in which a respected mediator played an adviser role for the disputants and was trusted to ensure the fairness of the process. However, this trajectory was tempered by the need to ensure that Singapore mediation practice conformed with international practices concerning the protection of parties’ autonomy. The ambivalence concerning the mediator's role has resulted in uncertainty about whether the mediator bears primary responsibility for ensuring procedural and substantive fairness. The paper discusses the implications of this ambiguity and proposes ways to resolve it. The current phase of professionalisation in Singapore's mediation movement offers the opportune moment to resolve these existing tensions and to crystallise the mediator's role in facilitating access to justice.
Encouragement of mediation in England and Wales has been futile: is there now a role for online dispute resolution in settling low-value claims?
Authors: Prince Sue
Published: June 2020

In England and Wales, the judiciary, Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunal Services (HMCTS) and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) have embarked on an ambitious reform whose aims are to radically transform and restructure court services and introduce digital justice for the overall purpose of improving access to justice in relation to the resolution of disputes. The reality in the courts of England and Wales is that the current reform means automation of processes. Digital transformation offers a real chance to improve access to justice particularly for low-value claims where a simplified process is more proportionate to the value of the dispute. This paper argues therefore that, for everyday low-value civil disputes, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes should be at the core of any design. In addition, fashioning new means to deliver access to justice should not just be about increasing government efficiency, but also about using technology to design and create innovative, new, agile and ‘user-centric’ pathways.
Opioide bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Pfefferkorn Florian , Harings-Kaim Annette , Schönenberger Melanie , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Eine Nierenfunktionsstörung kann die Elimination von bestimmten Opioiden und ihren Metaboliten reduzieren. Es kann zu Akkumulation und Toxizität kommen. Aufgrund ihrer pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften sind Fentanyl, Alfentanil und Buprenorphin bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz gut einsetzbar. Codein und Pethidin sollten ganz vermieden werden. Morphin sollte bei einer Kreatinin-Clearance unter 30 ml / min ebenfalls vermieden werden. Hydromorphon in reduzierter Dosis ist hier eine Alternative. Methadon, Oxycodon und Tramadol sollten nur mit Vorsicht und in reduzierter Dosis verwendet werden. In diesem Artikel erläutern wir kurz die renalen Eliminationsprozesse, wesentliche pharmakokinetische Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Opioide und die Schlussfolgerung für die Klinik.
Spatial Simulation of Codesigned Land Cover Change Scenarios in New England: Alternative Futures and Their Consequences for Conservation Priorities
Authors: Thompson Jonathan R. , Plisinski Joshua S. , Lambert Kathy Fallon , Duveneck Matthew J. , Morreale Luca , McBride Marissa , MacLean Meghan Graham , Weiss Marissa , Lee Lucy
Published: June 2020

Scientists are increasingly engaging with stakeholders to codesign scenarios of land use change necessitating methods to translate the resulting qualitative scenarios into quantitative simulations. We demonstrate a transparent method for translating participatory scenarios to simulations of land use and land cover (LULC) change using the New England Landscape Futures (NELF) project as a case study. The NELF project codesigned four divergent narrative scenarios that contrast with a Recent Trends scenario projecting a continuation of observed changes New England over the past 20 years. Here, we (1) describe the process and utility of translating qualitative scenarios into spatial simulations using a dynamic cellular land change model, (2) evaluate scenario LULC configuration relative to the Recent Trends scenario and to each other, (3) compare the fate of forests within stakeholder‐defined areas of concern, and (4) describe how a user‐inspired outreach tool was developed to make the simulations and analyses accessible to a diverse user group. The associated simulations are strongly divergent in terms of the amount of LULC change and the spatial pattern of change. Among the scenarios, there is a fivefold difference in the amount of high‐density development and a twofold difference in the amount of protected land. Features of the simulations can clearly be linked back to the original storylines. Overall, the rate of LULC change has a greater influence on stakeholder areas of concern than the spatial configuration. The simulated scenarios have been integrated into an online mapping tool via a user‐engagement process meeting the needs of a variety of stakeholders.
Causes and Consequences of Wehrlitization Beneath a Trans‐Lithospheric Fault: Evidence From Mesozoic Basalt‐Borne Wehrlite Xenoliths From the Tan‐Lu Fault Belt, North China Craton
Authors: Lin A‐Bing , Zheng Jian‐Ping , Aulbach Sonja , Xiong Qing , Pan Shao‐Kui , Gerdes Axel
Published: June 2020

Trans‐lithospheric faults represent weak zones where some of the most intense interaction between the lithospheric mantle and melts occurs. We carried out detailed petrological observations and mineral chemical analyses of feldspar‐bearing wehrlites entrained in the Mesozoic basalts from Liaoyuan, northeastern North China Craton (NCC) to obtain new insights into the nature and consequences of wehrlitization. Wehrlites (n = 12) show textural evidence for replacement of orthopyroxene by clinopyroxene, combined with low Ti/Eu (692–4,425) and variable, though generally high, Ca/Al, (La/Yb)N, and Zr/Hf in clinopyroxenes. This is ascribed to interaction with a silica‐undersaturated, carbonated silicate melt. Feldspar with variable K2O (0.17–9.84 wt.%) and CaO (0.03–12.8 wt.%) and some clinopyroxene likely formed by decomposition of amphibole and mica during heating prior to entrainment. Integrated with data from peridotite xenoliths in Cenozoic basalts along the Tan‐Lu fault belt (TLFB), these observations indicate deep volatile‐rich melt metasomatism. This may have occurred during a known Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary extensional stage and was precursory to basaltic magmatism in the north‐south direction along the TLFB. We suggest that wehrlitization beneath the TLFB—and elsewhere—monitors the passage and mobility of carbonated melts linked to lithospheric thinning up to decratonization. Upward transport of the wehrlitizing carbonated melts through the massive TLFB and ultimate degassing of CO2 at the surface during its extensional stage may have contributed to the mid‐Cretaceous greenhouse climate.
Simulations of Landslide Wave Generation and Propagation Using the Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Mulligan R. P. , Franci A. , Celigueta M. A. , Take W. A.
Published: June 2020

In this study, the impulse waves generated by highly mobile slides in large‐scale flume experiments are reproduced numerically with the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The numerical technique combines a Lagrangian finite element solution with an efficient remeshing algorithm and is capable of accurately tracking the evolving fluid free‐surface and velocity distribution in highly unsteady flows. The slide material is water, which represents an avalanche or debris flow with high mobility, and the reservoir depth is varied, thereby achieving a range of different near‐field wave conditions from breaking waves to near‐solitary waves. In situ experimental observations of fluid velocity and water surface levels are obtained using high‐speed digital cameras, acoustic sensors, and capacitance wave probes, and the data are used to analyze the accuracy of the PFEM predictions. The two‐dimensional numerical model shows the capability of holistically reproducing the entire problem from landslide motion, to impact with water, to wave generation, propagation, and runup. Very good agreement with the experimental observations are obtained, in terms of landslide velocity and thickness, wave time series, maximum wave amplitude, wave speed, and wave shape. In a broad perspective, the results demonstrate the potential of this numerical method for predicting outcomes of interacting multi‐hazard scenarios, such as landslides triggered by loss of slope stability and the generation of tsunami.
Asymmetrical Linkages Between Multifrequency Atmospheric Waves and Variations in Winter PM2.5 Concentrations in Northern China During 2013–2019
Authors: Chang Wenyuan , Zhan Jianqiong
Published: June 2020

Atmospheric waves have a broad spectrum of momentum at various frequencies and link to the PM2.5 concentrations in northern China. We show that the meaningful circulations depended on the wave frequency and the rank of the PM2.5 concentrations. The winter 2013–2019 PM2.5 had different correlations with the subseasonal 850 hPa height anomalies at low (>30 days), intermediate (10–30 days), and high (<10 days) frequencies. The low‐frequency waves increased PM2.5 concentrations by lowering the height over Eurasia and raising the height over the North Atlantic. The first two singular value decomposition principal patterns at the low‐frequency were alike Wavenumber 3 and 4 circulations, respectively. The two patterns accounted for the majority of the background variations of winter PM2.5 in China. The intermediate‐frequency waves increased PM2.5 concentrations via an anomalous dipole pattern over East Asia with a positive polarity over Japan and a negative polarity over Mongolia. The positive polarity is indicative of persistent haze episodes. The high‐frequency waves showed a small dipole correlation pattern with PM2.5, but they barely accounted for high PM2.5 concentrations. The high‐frequency waves traveled quickly. They raised or lowered PM2.5 concentrations in a short time, preventing particulate accumulations. The anomalous heights at the low‐ and intermediate‐frequency for the PM2.5 concentrations >90th showed a few characteristics consistent with the circulation anomalies proposed in previous climate studies with monthly mean data. Synergic effects of the waves at different frequencies result in the observed PM2.5 variations.
How Machine Learning Redraws the Map of Ocean Ecosystems
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: June 2020

Using an unsupervised learning algorithm, scientists can create new maps of ecosystem provinces in the ocean, opening the possibility of sharper data collection and monitoring.
Use of the L1 Constellation as a Multispacecraft Solar Wind Monitor
Authors: Burkholder B. L. , Nykyri K. , Ma X.
Published: June 2020

A novel multispacecraft solar wind monitor is developed, which expands on the forecasting ability of OMNI by giving spatially resolved predictions. The prediction algorithm ingests all the data from the current fleet of three L1 monitors, allowing gradients in the solar wind to be resolved on scale sizes similar to the magnetosphere. Understanding structure of the solar wind is vital to determine the global magnetospheric configuration, which is important in both real time as a space‐weather product and data users wanting to know upstream conditions when interpreting observations. The model is validated by comparing the predictions with other spacecraft observing the solar wind in situ. We perform a statistical study with thousands of hours of magnetospheric multiscale observations in the solar wind, comparing the prediction accuracy of the multispacecraft monitor to all of the OMNIWeb single‐spacecraft monitors. The multispacecraft monitor shows improvement over all three of the single‐spacecraft predictions for 44% of the cases and also outperforms both ACE and Wind, which are the primary magnetic field contributors to the OMNI IMF prediction, 55% of the time. We propose that the realistic structure of the solar wind that is resolved with multiple solar wind monitors could be vitally important to implement as upstream conditions in global magnetospheric simulations.
Nature of Low‐Frequency, Atmosphere‐Generated Seismic Noise
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Li Yijing
Published: June 2020

Characteristics of atmosphere‐generated seismic noise below 0.05 Hz are investigated when surface pressure is large. In this paper, large pressure means pressure power spectral density exceeding 100 Pa2/Hz (at 0.01 Hz). We discuss three main points. The first point is existence of two frequency ranges that show high coherence between co‐located pressure and vertical seismic data. The lower frequency (LF) range is broad and its upper bound is about 0.002 Hz. The higher frequency (HF) range is bounded between about 0.01 and 0.05 Hz. Phase difference between pressure and vertical displacement is different for the two ranges. The LF range shows phase difference of zero, and the HF range shows phase difference of 180°. The second point is on the excitation mechanism in the HF range. Using theory and data, we show that seismic noise in the HF range is primarily excited by wind‐related pressure. When pressure is high, wind speeds become high, and wind directions become unidirectional. In such a case, a deterministic, moving pressure‐source by Sorrells (1971, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03383.x) captures the characteristics of data better than stochastic source models. The third point is on the cause of phase differences between the LF range and the HF range. The root cause is that, even after removing the instrument response, vertical seismic data contain effects from gravity and Earth rotation. Gravity effects become significant for frequencies below 0.005 Hz and create discrepancies between deconvolved vertical displacements and true vertical ground displacements. Phase‐difference results are naturally explained by it.
The Frequency‐Bessel Spectrograms of Multicomponent Cross‐Correlation Functions From Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: Hu Shaoqian , Luo Song , Yao Huajian
Published: June 2020

The recently developed frequency‐Bessel transformation (F‐J) method is effective to extract multimode surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise cross‐correlation functions (CCFs). However, this method is currently limited to the vertical‐vertical component CCFs, and only Rayleigh wave dispersion curves can be obtained. In this study, we first relate the F‐J spectrogram to the spatial autocorrelation coefficients; we then extend the F‐J method to the full multicomponent CCFs tensor, including the radial‐radial, transverse‐transverse, and the mixed‐component CCFs. Using the newly derived formulation, not only the signal of higher‐mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion can be enhanced, but also the multimode Love wave phase velocity dispersion curves and the higher‐mode Rayleigh wave ellipticity can be extracted. The formulation is tested in several numerical examples and is applied to field data in North America. Our derivation and formulation provide an extension to the current F‐J method and help to take usage of multicomponent CCFs. The resulting higher‐mode surface wave dispersions and Rayleigh wave ellipticity provide complementary constraint on the Earth structures.
Simulated Precipitation Diurnal Variation With a Deep Convective Closure Subject to Shallow Convection in Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 Coupled With CLUBB
Authors: Yang Ben , Wang Minghuai , Zhang Guang J. , Guo Zhun , Qian Yun , Huang Anning , Zhang Yaocun
Published: June 2020

In order to improve the physical consistency between shallow and deep convection, we modify the deep convective closure in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) coupled with a third‐order turbulence closure parameterization (i.e., Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals [CLUBB]). The revised closure reserves a portion of the total convective available potential energy for shallow convection via utilizing the heating and moistening profiles from CLUBB to distribute moisture and energy between shallow and deep convection. Simulations at two resolutions (i.e., 2° and 0.5°, respectively) are conducted to investigate the impacts of convective closure on the simulated precipitation diurnal variations. Results from low‐resolution simulations show that the revised closure suppresses deep convection until the lower troposphere is sufficiently moistened by shallow convection, which improves the precipitation diurnal variation simulations compared with the default closure, with the precipitation diurnal peak over tropical lands delayed from 12LST to 19LST. The revised closure better simulates the diurnal variations for precipitation over the Asian monsoon region, such as the delayed precipitation onset, but still fails to well capture the nighttime peak for precipitation there. This deficiency is alleviated to some extent when applying the revised closure in high‐resolution simulations, but nighttime precipitation is still underestimated probably because key processes responsible for nighttime convection are missing. Overall, our results indicate that establishing the consistency between shallow and deep convection is critical for the precipitation diurnal cycle simulations.
In situ conversion of defective Treg into SuperTreg cells to treat advanced IPEX-like disorders in mice
Authors: Li Yongqin , Chen Yuxin , Mao Shaoshuai , Kaundal Ravinder , Jing Zhengyu , Chen Qin , Wang Xinxin , Xia Jing , Liu Dahai , Sun Jianlong , Wang Haopeng , Chi Tian
Published: June 2020

Mutations disrupting regulatory T (Treg) cell function can cause IPEX and IPEX-related disorders, but whether established disease can be reversed by correcting these mutations is unclear. Treg-specific deletion of the chromatin remodeling factorBrg1impairs Treg cell activation and causes fatal autoimmunity in mice. Here, we show with a reversible knockout model that re-expression ofBrg1, in conjunction with the severe endogenous proinflammatory environment, can convert defective Treg cells into powerful, super-activated Treg cells (SuperTreg cells) that can resolve advanced autoimmunity,  with Brg1re-expression in a minor fraction of Treg cells sufficient for the resolution in some cases. SuperTreg cells have enhanced trafficking and regulatory capabilities, but become deactivated as the inflammation subsides, thus avoiding excessive immune suppression. We propose a simple, robust yet safe gene-editing-based therapy for IPEX and IPEX-related disorders that exploits the defective Treg cells and the inflammatory environment pre-existing in the patients.
Labeled oxytocin administered via the intranasal route reaches the brain in rhesus macaques
Authors: Lee M. R. , Shnitko T. A. , Blue S. W. , Kaucher A. V. , Winchell A. J. , Erikson D. W. , Grant K. A. , Leggio L.
Published: June 2020

Oxytocin may have promise as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Its therapeutic effect may depend on its ability to enter the brain and bind to the oxytocin receptor. To date, the brain tissue penetrance of intranasal oxytocin has not been demonstrated. In this nonhuman primate study, we administer deuterated oxytocin intranasally and intravenously to rhesus macaques and measure, with mass spectrometry, concentrations of labeled (exogenously administered) and endogenous oxytocin in 12 brain regions two hours after oxytocin administration. Labeled oxytocin is quantified after intranasal (not intravenous) administration in brain regions (orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, brainstem, and thalamus) that lie in the trajectories of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. These results suggest that intranasal administration bypasses the blood–brain barrier, delivering oxytocin to specific brain regions, such as the striatum, where oxytocin acts to impact motivated behaviors. Further, high concentrations of endogenous oxytocin are in regions that overlap with projection fields of oxytocinergic neurons.
Author Correction: The Aurora B specificity switch is required to protect from non-disjunction at the metaphase/anaphase transition
Authors: Kelly Joanna R. , Martini Silvia , Brownlow Nicola , Joshi Dhira , Federico Stefania , Jamshidi Shirin , Kjaer Svend , Lockwood Nicola , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Fraternali Franca , Parker Peter J. , Soliman Tanya N.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The RNA fold interactome of evolutionary conserved RNA structures in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Casas-Vila Nuria , Sayols Sergi , Pérez-Martínez Lara , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk
Published: June 2020

RNA-binding proteins play key roles in regulation of gene expression via recognition of structural features in RNA molecules. Here we apply a quantitative RNA pull-down approach to 186 evolutionary conserved RNA structures and report 162 interacting proteins. Unlike global RNA interactome capture, we associate individual RNA structures within messenger RNA with their interacting proteins. Of our binders 69% are known RNA-binding proteins, whereas some are previously unrelated to RNA binding and do not harbor canonical RNA-binding domains. While current knowledge about RNA-binding proteins relates to their functions at 5′ or 3′-UTRs, we report a significant number of them binding to RNA folds in the coding regions of mRNAs. Using an in vivo reporter screen and pulsed SILAC, we characterize a subset of mRNA-RBP pairs and thus connect structural RNA features to functionality. Ultimately, we here present a generic, scalable approach to interrogate the increasing number of RNA structural motifs.
Trompe L’oeil Ferromagnetism
Authors: Cheong Sang-Wook
Published: June 2020

The characteristics of ferro-(ferri)magnetism with non-zero magnetization include magnetic attraction, magnetic circular dichroism, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday, and various anomalous Hall-type (Hall, Ettingshausen, Nernst, and thermal Hall) effects. Non-magnetic or antiferromagnetic materials in external electric fields or other environments (called specimen constituents) can share symmetry operational similarity (SOS) with magnetization ($$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{M}}$$
M
) in relation to broken symmetries. These specimen constituents can be associated with non-zero magnetization and/or show ferromagnetism-like behaviors, so we say that they exhibit Trompe L’oeil Ferromagnetism. Examples include linear magnetoelectric materials such as Cr2O3 under electric fields, Faraday effect in chiral materials such as tellurium with current flow, magnetic field induced by the motion of Neel- or Bloch-type ferroelectric walls, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday effect, and/or anomalous Hall-type effects in certain antiferromagnets such as Cr2O3, MnPSe3, Mn4(Nb,Ta)2O9, and Mn3(Sn,Ge,Ga). A large number of new specimen constitutes having SOS with $$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{M}}$$
M
are proposed, and require future experimental verification of their ferromagnetism-like behaviors, and also theoretical understanding of possible microscopic mechanisms.
Towards non-invasive computational-mechanics and imaging-based diagnostic framework for personalized cardiology for coarctation
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Khodaei Seyedvahid , Ganame Javier , Keshavarz-Motamed Zahra
Published: June 2020

Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a congenital narrowing of the proximal descending aorta. Although accurate and early diagnosis of COA hinges on blood flow quantification, proper diagnostic methods for COA are still lacking because fluid-dynamics methods that can be used for accurate flow quantification are not well developed yet. Most importantly, COA and the heart interact with each other and because the heart resides in a complex vascular network that imposes boundary conditions on its function, accurate diagnosis relies on quantifications of the global hemodynamics (heart-function metrics) as well as the local hemodynamics (detailed information of the blood flow dynamics in COA). In this study, to enable the development of new non-invasive methods that can quantify local and global hemodynamics for COA diagnosis, we developed an innovative fast computational-mechanics and imaging-based framework that uses Lattice Boltzmann method and lumped-parameter modeling that only need routine non-invasive clinical patient data. We used clinical data of patients with COA to validate the proposed framework and to demonstrate its abilities to provide new diagnostic analyses not possible with conventional diagnostic methods. We validated this framework against clinical cardiac catheterization data, calculations using the conventional finite-volume method and clinical Doppler echocardiographic measurements. The diagnostic information, that the framework can provide, is vitally needed to improve clinical outcomes, to assess patient risk and to plan treatment.
Peripheral natural killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with anti-PD-1 responses in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Youn Je-In , Park Su-Myeong , Park Seyeon , Kim Gamin , Lee Hee-Jae , Son Jimin , Hong Min Hee , Ghaderpour Aziz , Baik Bumseo , Islam Jahirul , Choi Ji-Woong , Lee Eun-Young , Kim Hang-Rae , Seo Sang-Uk , Paik Soonmyung , Yoon Hong In , Jung Inkyung , Xin Chun-Feng , Jin Hyun-Tak , Cho Byoung Chul , Seong Seung-Yong , Ha Sang-Jun , Kim Hye Ryun
Published: June 2020

Inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins like programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a promising therapeutic approach for several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression is used to predict anti-PD-1 therapy responses in NSCLC, its accuracy is relatively less. Therefore, we sought to identify a more accurate predictive blood biomarker for evaluating anti-PD-1 response. We evaluated the frequencies of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), and Lox-1+ PMN-MDSCs in peripheral blood samples of 62 NSCLC patients before and after nivolumab treatment. Correlation of immune-cell population frequencies with treatment response, progression-free survival, and overall survival was also determined. After the first treatment, the median NK cell percentage was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders, while the median Lox-1+ PMN-MDSC percentage showed the opposite trend. NK cell frequencies significantly increased in responders but not in non-responders. NK cell frequency inversely correlated with that of Lox-1+ PMN-MDSCs after the first treatment cycle. The NK cell-to-Lox-1+ PMN-MDSC ratio (NMR) was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. Patients with NMRs ≥ 5.75 after the first cycle had significantly higher objective response rates and longer progression-free and overall survival than those with NMRs <5.75. NMR shows promise as an early predictor of response to further anti-PD-1 therapy.
Shift of the critical temperature in superconductors: a self-consistent approach
Authors: Cappellaro Alberto , Salasnich Luca
Published: June 2020

Within the Ginzburg-Landau functional framework for the superconducting transition, we analyze the fluctuation-driven shift of the critical temperature. In addition to the order parameter fluctuations, we also take into account the fluctuations of the vector potential above its vacuum. We detail the approximation scheme to include the fluctuating fields contribution, based on the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov framework. We give explicit results for d = 2 and d = 3 spatial dimensions, in terms of easily accessible experimental parameters such as the Ginzburg-Levanyuk number Gi(d), which is related to the width of the critical region where fluctuations cannot be neglected, and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ, defined as the ratio between the magnetic penetration length and the coherence one.
Evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process
Authors: Wang Shenwei , Zhou Hongwei , Sun Zhiwei , Xu Shenghua , Ouyang Wenze , Wang Linwei
Published: June 2020

We investigated the evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process. The volume fraction and crystal structure of suspension in the capillary tube were determined by reflection spectrometer during drying process. Our experimental results show: (a) evaporation takes place in two directions of the tube, though much stronger in one direction than the other; (b) during drying process, colloidal suspension column along the tube can be divided into four regions, namely, the close packed region, concentrated region, initial concentration region and dilution region. A new model describing the evolution of concentration profile was proposed and the calculated results based on the model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. According to solute conservation, we also present a simple way to estimate the concentration of close packed region.
Analysis of cell-associated DENV RNA by oligo(dT) primed 5’ capture scRNAseq
Authors: Sanborn Mark A. , Li Tao , Victor Kaitlin , Siegfried Hayden , Fung Christian , Rothman Alan L. , Srikiatkhachorn Anon , Fernandez Stefan , Ellison Damon , Jarman Richard G. , Friberg Heather , Maljkovic Berry Irina , Currier Jeffrey R. , Waickman Adam T.
Published: June 2020

Dengue is one of the most widespread vector-borne viral diseases in the world. However, the size, heterogeneity, and temporal dynamics of the cell-associated viral reservoir during acute dengue virus (DENV) infection remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed cells infectedin vitrowith DENV and PBMC from an individual experiencing a natural DENV infection utilizing 5’ capture single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Both positive- and negative-sense DENV RNA was detected in reactions containing either an oligo(dT) primer alone, or in reactions supplemented with a DENV-specific primer. The addition of a DENV-specific primer did not increase the total amount of DENV RNA captured or the fraction of cells identified as containing DENV RNA. However, inclusion of a DENV-specific cDNA primer did increase the viral genome coverage immediately 5’ to the primer binding site. Furthermore, while the majority of intracellular DENV sequence captured in this analysis mapped to the 5’ end of the viral genome, distinct patterns of enhanced coverage within the DENV polyprotein coding region were observed. The 5’ capture scRNAseq analysis of PBMC not only recapitulated previously published reports by detecting virally infected memory and naïve B cells, but also identified cell-associated genomic variants not observed in contemporaneous serum samples. These results demonstrate that oligo(dT) primed 5’ capture scRNAseq can detect DENV RNA and quantify virus-infected cells in physiologically relevant conditions, and provides insight into viral sequence variability within infected cells.
Author Correction: Glucocorticoids suppress Wnt16 expression in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hildebrandt Susanne , Baschant Ulrike , Thiele Sylvia , Tuckermann Jan , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Rauner Martina
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Evaluation of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) for controlling the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)
Authors: Yang Si-Hua , Wang Dan , Chen Chun , Xu Chun-Ling , Xie Hui
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Brain experiments imply adaptation mechanisms which outperform common AI learning algorithms
Authors: Sardi Shira , Vardi Roni , Meir Yuval , Tugendhaft Yael , Hodassman Shiri , Goldental Amir , Kanter Ido
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Reverse genetics reveals single gene of every candidate on Hybrid sterility, X Chromosome QTL 2 (Hstx2) are dispensable for spermatogenesis
Authors: Morimoto Kento , Numata Koki , Daitoku Yoko , Hamada Yuko , Kobayashi Keiko , Kato Kanako , Suzuki Hayate , Ayabe Shinya , Yoshiki Atsushi , Takahashi Satoru , Murata Kazuya , Mizuno Seiya , Sugiyama Fumihiro
Published: June 2020

F1 hybrid progenies between related subspecies often show hybrid sterility (HS) or inviability. HS is caused by failure of meiotic chromosome synapsis and sex body formation in house mouse. Previous studies identified two HS critical genomic regions named Hstx2 on Chr X and Hst1 on Chr 17 by murine forward genetic approaches. HS gene on Hst1 was reported to be Prdm9. Intersubspecific polymorphisms of Prdm9 induce HS in hybrids, and Prdm9 null mutation leads to sterility in the inbred strain. However, HS gene on Hstx2 remains unknown. Here, using knock-out studies, we showed that HS candidate genes on Hstx2 are not individually essential for spermatogenesis in B6 strain. We examined 12 genes on Hstx2: Ctag2, 4930447F04Rik, Mir743, Mir465d, Mir465c-2, Mir465b-1, Mir465c-1, Mir465, Gm1140, Gm14692, 4933436I01Rik, and Gm6812. These genes were expressed in adult testes, and showed intersubspecific polymorphisms on expressed regions. This first reverse genetic approach to identify HS gene on Hstx2 suggested that the loss of function of any one HS candidate gene does not cause complete sterility, unlike Prdm9. Thus, the mechanism(s) of HS by the HS gene on Hstx2 might be different from that of Prdm9.
Infection by cyst nematodes induces rapid remodelling of developing xylem vessels in wheat roots
Authors: Levin Kara A. , Tucker Matthew R. , Bird David McK. , Mather Diane E.
Published: June 2020

Cyst nematodes induce host-plant root cells to form syncytia from which the nematodes feed. Comprehensive histological investigation of these feeding sites is complicated by their variable shape and their positions deep within root tissue. Using tissue clearing and confocal microscopy, we examined thick (up to 150 μm) sections of wheat roots infected by cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae). This approach provided clear views of feeding sites and surrounding tissues, with resolution sufficient to reveal spatial relationships among nematodes, syncytia and host vascular tissues at the cellular level. Regions of metaxylem vessels near syncytia were found to have deviated from classical developmental patterns. Xylem vessel elements in these regions had failed to elongate but had undergone radial expansion, becoming short and plump rather than long and cylindrical. Further investigation revealed that vessel elements cease to elongate shortly after infection and that they later experience delays in secondary thickening (lignification) of their outer cell walls. Some of these elements were eventually incorporated into syncytial feeding sites. By interfering with a developmental program that normally leads to programmed cell death, H. avenae may permit xylem vessel elements to remain alive for later exploitation by the parasite.
A proof-of-concept of lateral flow based luteinizing hormone detection in urine for ovulation prediction in buffaloes
Authors: Nayan Varij , Sinha Eshu Singhal , Onteru Suneel Kumar , Singh Dheer
Published: June 2020

We developed a simple proof-of-concept of lateral flow-based luteinizing hormone detection in urine for ovulation prediction in buffaloes.
Liraglutide-loaded PLGA/gelatin electrospun nanofibrous mats promote angiogenesis to accelerate diabetic wound healing via the modulation of miR-29b-3p
Authors: Yu Muyu , Huang Jinghuan , Zhu Tonghe , Lu Junxi , Liu Junli , Li Xiaolin , Yan Xiaoyu , Liu Fang
Published: June 2020

Lira-loaded PLGA/Gel could promote the diabetic wound repair by the improvement of pro-angiogenic capacity via miR-29b-3p downregulation.
Mild-heat-inducible sequentially released liposomal complex remodels the tumor microenvironment and reinforces anti-breast-cancer therapy
Authors: Qin Yue , Liu Tingting , Guo Mengfei , Liu Yuping , Liu Congyan , Chen Yan , Qu Ding
Published: June 2020

Heat-responsive drug release helps celastrol & STS-coloaded liposome activate the cascade of TME normalization and enhances the anti-tumor efficacy.
Synthesis of cyclic graft polymeric prodrugs with heterogeneous grafts of hydrophilic OEG and reducibly conjugated CPT for controlled release
Authors: Meng Chao , Cao Yufei , Sun Lu , Liu Yuping , Kang Guiying , Ma Wei , Peng Jinlei , Deng Kaicheng , Ma Liwei , Wei Hua
Published: June 2020

A novel cyclic graft polymeric prodrug with heterogeneous grafts of hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) and reducibly conjugated camptothecin was synthesized with greater in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells than the linear graft analogues.
Substrate substitution effects in the Fries rearrangement of aryl esters over zeolite catalysts
Authors: Lin Ronghe , Mitchell Sharon , Netscher Thomas , Medlock Jonathan , Stemmler René T. , Bonrath Werner , Létinois Ulla , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: June 2020

The reaction scheme of the Fries rearrangement of aryl esters over zeolite catalysts strongly depends on the framework type, acidic properties, and substrate identity.
A new half-condensed Schiff base platform: structures and sensing of Zn2+ and H2PO4− ions in an aqueous medium
Authors: Chakraborty Sujaya , Lohar Somenath , Dhara Koushik , Ghosh Raktim , Dam Somasri , Zangrando Ennio , Chattopadhyay Pabitra
Published: June 2020

A new structurally characterised half-condensed Schiff base (HL′) and a Zn2L4 complex reacting from Zn2+ ion and HL produced from HL′ in a solution state as smart chemosensors for Zn2+ and H2PO4− ions respectively in aqueous medium.
The first ternary Nd-MOF/GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibiting an excellent photocatalytic performance for dye degradation
Authors: Bai Yuting , Zhang Shuo , Feng Sisi , Zhu Miaoli , Ma Shengqian
Published: June 2020

A ternary Nd-MOF/GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared as a recyclable photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of MB and showed excellent stability.
One-dimensional coaxial cable-like MWCNTs/Sn4P3@C as an anode material with long-term durability for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Sun Shuting , Li Ruhong , Wang Wenhui , Mu Deying , Liu Jianchao , Chen Tianrui , Tian Shuang , Zhu Weimin , Dai Changsong
Published: June 2020

MWCNTs/Sn4P3@C with a coaxial cable-like structure demonstrates remarkable cycling stability and rate capability.
Simple and universal synthesis of sulfonated porous organic polymers with high proton conductivity
Authors: Li Zhongping , Yao Yuze , Wang Dongjin , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Suwansoontorn Athchaya , Li He , Du Gang , Liu Zhaohan , Nagao Yuki
Published: June 2020

By using a simple and universal process, we successfully synthesized various sulfonated porous organic polymers with high proton conductivity, and therefore this strategy could evolve structural designs for high proton-conductive materials.
Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on a nano-silica triazine dendritic polymer: a recyclable and sustainable nanoreactor for C–S cross-coupling
Authors: Landarani-Isfahani Amir , Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj , Mirkhani Valiollah , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Amiri Rudbari Hadi
Published: June 2020

Efficient synthesis of diaryl sulfidesviaC–S cross-coupling of aryl halides with disulfides catalyzed by Pdnp-nSTDP is reported.
Persulfate activation by nano zero-valent iron for the degradation of metoprolol in water: influencing factors, degradation pathways and toxicity analysis
Authors: Gao Yu-qiong , Zhang Jia , Zhou Jin-qiang , Li Cong , Gao Nai-yun , Yin Da-qiang
Published: June 2020

The influencing factors, mechanism and toxicity of MTP degradation by nZVI activated persulfate were investigated.
All-in-one NMR spectroscopy of small organic molecules: complete chemical shift assignment from a single NMR experiment
Authors: Rao Kakita Veera Mohana , Hosur Ramakrishna V.
Published: June 2020

All-in-one NOAH-AST/NOAH-ASTPS provides complete chemical shift information (13C–13C/1H–13C/1H–1H) of small organic molecules from a single NMR experiment.