bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of communication interventions to help healthcare professionals discuss genetic testing for breast cancer
Authors: Starkings Rachel , Shilling Valerie , Jenkins Valerie , Fallowfield Lesley
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This systematic review examined educational training interventions for healthcare professionals (HCPs) discussing genetic testing and risk for hereditary breast cancer. There was a particular focus on the presence, and content, of communication elements within these packages.

Methods

Searches were run via CINAHL, EMBASE, PUBMED, and PsychInfo in February 2019 to identify training interventions available to HCPs with reference to communication skills. Studies were assessed for quality, with relevant intervention and outcome data extracted and synthesized. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42019124010).

Results

Of 3,988 items, seven papers, two of which were linked, were eligible for inclusion. There was a mix of randomized and single arm studies with web-based and face-to-face interventions. Content included an overview of genetics, hereditary and familial background, and recommended practice techniques. Outcomes focused on communication, self-efficacy, knowledge, and satisfaction. Interventions were designed for genetic counselors, physicians, primary care physicians (PCPs), medical students, and nurses. None of the papers featured oncologists or surgeons.

Conclusions

This review revealed an overall lack of publications which evaluated interventions to assist HCPs discussing hereditary breast cancer risk and testing. Studies failed to operationalize which ‘communication skills’ they included, nor did they consistently report randomization, outcome measures, or analysis.

Discussing the need for, and management of, genetic testing for inherited cancer risk with individuals and their families can be challenging. As genetic testing in breast cancer becomes more common, the provision of specific communication-based training programs, with reference to genetic testing, risk assessments, and counseling skills is warranted.
Large-scale network motif analysis using compression
Authors: Bloem Peter , de Rooij Steven
Published: June 2020

We introduce a new method for finding network motifs. Subgraphs are motifs when their frequency in the data is high compared to the expected frequency under a null model. To compute this expectation, a full or approximate count of the occurrences of a motif is normally repeated on as many as 1000 random graphs sampled from the null model; a prohibitively expensive step. We use ideas from the minimum description length literature to define a new measure of motif relevance. With our method, samples from the null model are not required. Instead we compute the probability of the data under the null model and compare this to the probability under a specially designed alternative model. With this new relevance test, we can search for motifs by random sampling, rather than requiring an accurate count of all instances of a motif. This allows motif analysis to scale to networks with billions of links.
Pseudomonas fulva HARBPS9.1: candidate anti-Fusarium agent in South Africa
Authors: Adeniji Adetomiwa A. , Aremu Oluwole S. , Loots Du Toit , Babalola Olubukola O.
Published: June 2020

Phytopathogens causing mycotoxicoses in maize are a potential threat to grain quality and availability in many maize producing countries including South Africa. The use of natural biological agents for controlling maize fusariosis and many other such plant diseases, as opposed to the more traditional use of chemicals, is growing in popularity globally, as a greater emphasis gets placed on public health. In this study, nine Fusarium inhibiting isolates representing a subset of 200 native Pseudomonas isolates from the maize rhizosphere of 10 different farms in the North West Province of South Africa were further evaluated for their in vitro biocontrol potential. Although few of the isolates (PS1.1, PS1.22, PS2.2, PS6.4, PS6.8, PS7.2, PS8.3, PS8.6, and PS9.1) had impressive in vitro biosuppressive effects against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, while also producing biosurfactants, only isolate HARBPS9.1 showed consistent antifungal capacity along with maize seed bioprotection capability. The candidate antagonist HARBPS9.1 was molecularly characterized as a Pseudomonas fulva strain and was found to harbor multiple functional biosynthetic gene clusters after FTIR, NMR and ESI-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics investigation. P. fulva HARBPS9.1 bioprotective mechanism is attributed to the possible presence of hydrogen cyanide, pyrrolnitrin, and rhamnolipids.
Analysis of the final comments provided by a knowledgeable other in lesson study
Authors: Seino Tatsuhiko , Foster Colin
Published: June 2020

Lesson study has been implemented in schools around the world as a method of professional development for teachers. Lesson study consists of five steps, among which the “Research Lesson” and “Post-lesson Discussion” are central. During the Post-lesson Discussion, after the teacher has commented on the lesson, all of the observers discuss the lesson, and the “knowledgeable other” (koshi), a specially invited expert, provides final comments. The quality of these final comments is critical to the learning of the lesson-study participants, and, consequently, the koshi plays an extremely important role. However, few studies have examined the nature and structure of the final comments that koshis provide. This study analyzed the final comments made in three elementary-school research lessons in Japan by a highly distinguished university mathematics educator with considerable teaching experience and an outstanding reputation as a koshi. We found that his final comments clustered into seven categories, which we named: (1) considering the didactical value of mathematical content; (2) use of representations; (3) fostering positive attitudes to learning; (4) incorporating students’ ideas into whole-class discussions; (5) giving attention to what students write down; (6) giving attention to the content of the board-work; and (7) teacher growth through reflection. These categories provide insight into the nature of final comments that are regarded as being particularly useful and may form the basis for less-experienced koshis to structure their final comments in lesson study.
Person Re-identification in Videos by Analyzing Spatio-temporal Tubes
Authors: Sekh Arif Ahmed , Dogra Debi Prosad , Choi Heeseung , Chae Seungho , Kim Ig-Jae
Published: June 2020

Typical person re-identification frameworks search for k best matches in a gallery of images that are often collected in varying conditions. The gallery usually contains image sequences for video re-identification applications. However, such a process is time consuming as video re-identification involves carrying out the matching process multiple times. In this paper, we propose a new method that extracts spatio-temporal frame sequences or tubes of moving persons and performs the re-identification in quick time. Initially, we apply a binary classifier to remove noisy images from the input query tube. In the next step, we use a key-pose detection-based query minimization technique. Finally, a hierarchical re-identification framework is proposed and used to rank the output tubes. Experiments with publicly available video re-identification datasets reveal that our framework is better than existing methods. It ranks the tubes with an average increase in the CMC accuracy of 6-8% across multiple datasets. Also, our method significantly reduces the number of false positives. A new video re-identification dataset, named Tube-based Re-identification Video Dataset (TRiViD), has been prepared with an aim to help the re-identification research community.
Exclusivity! Wh-fronting is not optional wh-movement in Colloquial French
Authors: Faure Richard , Palasis Katerina
Published: June 2020

This article revisits the long-standing issue of the alternation betweenwh-in-situandwh-ex-situquestions in French in the light of diglossia and cross-linguistic data. A careful preliminary examination of the numerouswh-structures in Metropolitan French leads us to focus on Colloquial French, which undoubtedly displays bothwh-in-situandwh-ex-situquestions. Within this dataset,wh-ex-situquestions without theest-ce que‘is it that’ marker are more permissive thanin-situregarding weak-islandhood and superiority. In a Relativized Minimality framework, we suggest thatwh-ex-situitems bear an additional feature, which permits them to bypass these constraints. Colloquial French is thus awh-in-situlanguage that allows forwh-ex-situunder specific conditions, like otherwh-in-situlanguages. Hence we argue against free variation and claim thatwh-fronting is not driven by awh-feature, but by another feature. Exploring the contexts wherewh-ex-situis licensed, we highlight a type of non-exhaustive contrast specific to questions, namely Exclusivity, and provide a formalization. The article therefore also contributes to the larger debate on information structure in questions.
An Ethical Framework for the Design, Development, Implementation, and Assessment of Drones Used in Public Healthcare
Authors: Cawthorne Dylan , Robbins-van Wynsberghe Aimee
Published: June 2020

The use of drones in public healthcare is suggested as a means to improve efficiency under constrained resources and personnel. This paper begins by framing drones in healthcare as a social experiment where ethical guidelines are needed to protect those impacted while fully realizing the benefits the technology offers. Then we propose an ethical framework to facilitate the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones used in public healthcare. Given the healthcare context, we structure the framework according to the four bioethics principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, plus a fifth principle from artificial intelligence ethics: explicability. These principles are abstract which makes operationalization a challenge; therefore, we suggest an approach of translation according to a values hierarchy whereby the top-level ethical principles are translated into relevant human values within the domain. The resulting framework is an applied ethics tool that facilitates awareness of relevant ethical issues during the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones in public healthcare.
Inklusion in den Hilfen zur Erziehung
Authors: Hopmann Benedikt
Published: June 2020

Inklusion wird in den Hilfen zur Erziehung im Zuge der SGB VIII-Reformbemühungen als sogenannte „Inklusive Lösung“ diskutiert. Der Beitrag skizziert sowohl die Entwicklungslinien und den Anspruch dieser Debatte als auch die offenen Fragen und Herausforderungen mit Blick auf Inklusion und soziale Exklusion. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein Verständnis von Inklusion als Befähigung auf Basis des Capabilities-Ansatzes herausgearbeitet.
Cell cycle regulation in NAFLD: when imbalanced metabolism limits cell division
Authors: Caldez Matias J. , Bjorklund Mikael , Kaldis Philipp
Published: June 2020

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and tissue homeostasis. It is exceptionally significant in tissues chronically exposed to intrinsic and external damage, like the liver. After decades of studying the regulation of cell cycle by extracellular signals, there are still gaps in our knowledge on how these two interact with metabolic pathways in vivo. Studying the cross-talk of these pathways has direct clinical implications as defects in cell division, signaling pathways, and metabolic homeostasis are frequently observed in liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on recent reports which describe various functions of cell cycle regulators in hepatic homeostasis. We will describe the interplay between the cell cycle and metabolism during liver regeneration after acute and chronic damage. We will focus our attention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing exponentially. Therefore, understanding the interplay between cell cycle regulators and metabolism may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets amenable to intervention.
Can household dietary diversity inform about nutrient adequacy? Lessons from a food systems analysis in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Daniel A. , Talsma Elise F. , Trijsburg Laura , Linderhof Vincent , Achterbosch Thom , Nijhuis Aafke , Ruben Ruerd , Brouwer Inge D.
Published: June 2020

This study examined the use of the household dietary diversity score (HDDS) to assess household nutrient adequacy in Ethiopia. It also examined the correlates of HDDS following the food systems framework. Results show that the average nutrient consumption in Ethiopia varies by place of residence and by income profile, where households in urban areas and those in the higher income quintiles rank favorably. Among 13 nutrients under study, we found nutrient inadequacy for fat, calcium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamin C and vitamin A ranging between 46% and 89%, and the prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin B12 to be up to 100%. Econometric results showed that HDDS is a strong predictor of a household’s mean probability of nutrient adequacy (MPA), and that an HDDS of 10 is the minimum threshold at which HDDS can improve household MPA. We found suggestive evidence within the food systems that improving household-incomes, access to health and transport services are beneficial to improve HDDS and nutrient consumption in Ethiopia.
Probiotic Properties of New Lactobacillus Strains Intended to Be Used as Feed Additives for Monogastric Animals
Authors: Śliżewska Katarzyna , Chlebicz-Wójcik Agnieszka , Nowak Adriana
Published: June 2020

The study aimed to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of selected Lactobacillus strains, which are intended to be fed to monogastric animals. The Lactobacillus spp. appeared to be safe since they did not degrade mucus and did not exhibit β-haemolysis. Moreover, the survival of Caco-2 cells in the presence of metabolites of the selected strains was high, which also indicated their safety. The analysed strains showed moderate or strong antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which was tested with the usage of the agar slab method. Furthermore, the strains showed high survivability in an acidic environment and the presence of bile salts (~90%). High resistivity or moderate susceptibility to antibiotics was also observed, as a result of the disc diffusion method. The strains were mostly moderately hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 10.43–41.14%); nevertheless, their auto-aggregation capability exceeded 50% and their co-aggregation with pathogens varied between 12.12 and 85.45%. The ability of the selected strains to adhere to Caco-2 cells was also analysed; they were found to be moderately adhesive (85.09–95.05%) and able to hinder pathogens attaching to the cells (up to 62.58%). The analysed strains exhibit probiotic properties, such as high survivability and adherence to epithelial cells; therefore, they are suitable for administration to monogastric animals. Since the overuse of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and accumulation of chemotherapeutic residues in food of animal origin, it is of vital importance to introduce alternative feed additives.
Geoelectrical characterisation of CO2–water systems in porous media: application to carbon sequestration
Authors: Rabiu K. O. , Van der Helm R. , Mumford N. , Das D. B.
Published: June 2020

Carbon sequestration is a promising method for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as it permits the storage of compressed CO2 in the subsurface. The carbon sequestration sites must be monitored to detect potential leaks; one possible method involves the monitoring of geoelectrical properties such as electrical conductivity (σb) and dielectric constant (εb). This investigation focuses on using a time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor to determine the influence of different factors on the measurements of the electrical conductivity (σb) and dielectric constant (εb) of a porous rock reservoir in relation to the soil water saturation (Sw). The factors investigated were presence of surfactant, salt concentration, pH and rock type which are unique to a given storage site. A number of dynamic two-phase flow experiments were performed using gaseous CO2. It was found that salt concentration, rock type and presence of a surfactant had a notable effect on the σb–Sw and εb–Sw relationships. Higher salt concentrations were found to give higher values for σb and εb for given Sw values. Limestone was found to result in the highest values of both σb and εb for any given Sw, followed by silica and basalt samples. The presence of a surfactant resulted in higher values for σb at higher Sw values and lower values for σb at lower Sw values compared to the case when no surfactant was present. Surfactant presence also resulted in lower values for εb at given Sw values. Initial pH values (with silica sand) were found to have no significant effect on the σb–Sw and εb–Sw relationships. The measurements of σb and εb indicate that the use of TDR presents a viable monitoring option. Furthermore, statistical analysis using non-linear regression was carried out on the experimental results and the model shows a good reliability in the prediction of the monitoring process in geological carbon sequestration.
Hilbert–Poincaré series of parity binomial edge ideals and permanental ideals of complete graphs
Authors: Do Trong Hoang , Kahle Thomas
Published: June 2020

We give an explicit formula for the Hilbert–Poincaré series of the parity binomial edge ideal of a complete graph $$K_{n}$$

K
n

or equivalently for the ideal generated by all $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

-permanents of a $$2\times n$$

2
×
n

-matrix. It follows that the depth and Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of these ideals are independent of n.
Feasibility study of using integrated fiber optical sensors to monitor laser-assisted metal–polymer joining
Authors: Schricker K. , Ganß M. , Könke C. , Bergmann J. P.
Published: June 2020

The possibilities and challenges of using fiber optical sensors to monitor the laser-assisted joining of metal–polymer joints have been described in this article. Fundamental investigation proves the basic suitability of the measuring method for this application and studies the effect of essential influencing variables of the joining process—e.g., the clamping force—on the resulting sensor signals. In addition, the strain state (because of the process temperature and shrinkage of the polymer) of the parts to be joined can be traced as a function of the joining partners, the process parameters, and the material thicknesses. It is shown that the fiber optical method is suitable for process monitoring directly in the joining zone of metal–polymer hybrids and providing a tool for detailed strain measurements in the joint zone during subsequent component testing.
Validation of the fatigue strength assessment of HFMI-treated steel joints under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Leitner M. , Stoschka M. , Barsoum Z. , Farajian M.
Published: June 2020

A recommendation for the application and fatigue assessment of the HFMI post-treatment was published by the IIW in 2016. Recently, the therein recommended HFMI design curves in case of constant amplitude loading (CAL) were validated involving test data with different base material yield strengths, increased plate thicknesses, and elevated load ratios. Continuative to this previous work, this paper focuses on the fatigue assessment of HFMI-treated steel joints under variable amplitude loading (VAL). Four test data sets including randomly distributed VAL and a sufficient amount of tested specimens to ensure a statistically verified assessment are investigated. It is shown that an application of the recommended equivalent stress range approach and a further comparison of the test results to the design curves under CAL lead to a conservative fatigue assessment if the recommended value of the specified damage sum ofD = 0.5 is used. Furthermore, an increased value ofD = 1.0 still maintains a conservative design as presented in the study. Based on this work involving the analysed data sets, it can be concluded that the recommended procedure is well applicable and a conservative fatigue design is facilitated.
Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Stereopsis Detected by a Virtual Reality System: Attempt to Develop a Screening Test
Authors: Kara David Delil , Ring Matthias , Hennig Friedrich Frank , Michelson Georg
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The study aimed to evaluate stereopsis as a surrogate marker for post-concussion oculomotor function to develop an objective test that can reliably and quickly detect mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI).

Methods

The cohort of this prospective clinical study included 30 healthy subjects (mean age 25 ± 2 years) and 30 TBI patients (43 ± 22 years) comprising 11 patients with moderate TBI and 19 patients with mild TBI. The healthy subjects were examined once, whereas the TBI patients were examined immediately after hospitalization, at 1 week, and at 2 months. A virtual reality (VR) program displayed three-dimensional rendering of four rotating soccer balls over VR glasses in different gaze directions. The subjects were instructed to select the ball that appeared to be raised from the screen as quickly as possible via remote control. The response times and fusion abilities in different gaze directions were recorded.

Results

The correlation between stereopsis and TBI severity was significant. The response times of the moderate and mild TBI groups were significantly longer than those of the healthy reference group. The response times of the moderate TBI group were significantly longer than those of the mild TBI group. The response times at follow-up examinations were significantly shorter than those immediately after hospitalization. Fusion ability was primarily defective in the gaze direction to the right (90°) and left (270° and 315°).

Conclusions

TBI patients showed impaired stereopsis. Measuring stereopsis in different positions of the visual field using VR can be effective for rapid concussion assessment.
Deriving QoE in systems: from fundamental relationships to a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index
Authors: Hoßfeld Tobias , Heegaard Poul E. , Skorin-Kapov Lea , Varela Martín
Published: June 2020

With Quality of Experience (QoE) research having made significant advances over the years, service and network providers aim at user-centric evaluation of the services provided in their system. The question arises how to derive QoE in systems. In the context of subjective user studies conducted to derive relationships between influence factors and QoE, user diversity leads to varying distributions of user rating scores for different test conditions. Such models are commonly exploited by providers to derive various QoE metrics in their system, such as expected QoE, or the percentage of users rating above a certain threshold. The question then becomes how to combine (a) user rating distributions obtained from subjective studies, and (b) system parameter distributions, so as to obtain the actual observed QoE distribution in the system? Moreover, how can various QoE metrics of interest in the system be derived? We prove fundamental relationships for the derivation of QoE in systems, thus providing an important link between the QoE community and the systems community. In our numerical examples, we focus mainly on QoE metrics. We furthermore provide a more generalized view on quantifying the quality of systems by defining a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index. This index exploits the fact that quality can be seen as a proxy measure for utility. Following the assumption that not all user sessions should be weighted equally, we aim to provide a generic framework that can be utilized to quantify the overall utility of a service delivered by a system.
Improved reliability in production of maize inbred lines by the combination of the R1-navajo marker with flow cytometry or microsatellite genotyping
Authors: Rádi F. , Török K. , Nagymihály M. , Kereszt A. , Dudits D.
Published: June 2020

Doubled haploid (DH) technology is an essential component in producing inbred lines for a competitive maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program. The R1-navajo (R1-nj) gene provides phenotypic marker that insures only variable reliability for seed selection of haploid embryos. Therefore, in the present study we outline a complex protocol for early stage genome size determination that integrates the phenotypic screening with the flow cytometry of nuclei from root tips and with the use of DNA isolated from seedlings for molecular marker-based genotyping. In a representative experiment with three genotypes, only 59% of the color marker pre-selected seeds were confirmed to be haploid by cytometric analysis of nuclei isolated from root tips. As a novel tool we have identified the UMC1152 SSR marker being polymorphic between the haploid inducer line (K405) and the K4390 hybrid as parents to screen seedlings pre-selected with the R1-navajo marker. Using this molecular marker, alleles characteristic for the inducer K405 line could not be detected in 83% of seedlings previously selected as haploid candidate. Seedlings identified as haploids were exposed to 0.06% colchicine solution for rediploidization. This procedure resulted in doubled haploids with 3% frequency relative to the initial population as it was quantified by the number of mature maize plants with fertile tassel. The described complex approach can support safer identification of haploids at early seedling stage in a hybrid population derived from crossing with a haploid inducer line.
Seize the Day: How Online Retailers Should Respond to Positive Reviews
Authors: Wu Jintao , Wu Tong , Schlegelmilch Bodo B.
Published: June 2020

Research on online retailer–customer interactions has extensively focused on how to turn negative reviews into marketing wins. By contrast, few prior studies have investigated how retailers should best respond to positive reviews. The current study aims to fill this gap. Drawing on interpersonal relationship research into capitalizing on positive experience, together with reinforcement effect theory and automatic behavioral priming theory, this study explores how retailers should respond to positive reviews to drive consumer repurchase intention. Two laboratory experiments reveal that an active–constructive response in a friendly communication style increases consumer repurchase intention, and consumer positive affect mediates this process. Our findings provide new theoretical insights and useful guidance for retailers on designing effective online communication strategies for consumers.
Ontic Injustice
Authors: JENKINS KATHARINE
Published: June 2020

In this article, I identify a distinctive form of injustice—ontic injustice—in which an individual is wronged by the very fact of being socially constructed as a member of a certain social kind. To be a member of a certain social kind is, at least in part, to be subject to certain social constraints and enablements, and these constraints and enablements can be wrongful to the individual who is subjected to them, in the sense that they inflict a moral injury. The concept of ontic injustice is valuable in three main ways: (1) it draws our attention to the role played by social kinds in enacting wrongful constraints and enablements; (2) it clarifies our options for developing accounts of the ontology of particular social kinds, such as gender kinds; and (3), along with the related concept of ‘ontic oppression’, it helps us to understand and respond to oppression.
‘Let us imagine that God has made a miniature earth and sky’: Malebranche on the Body-Relativity of Visual Size
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN COLIN
Published: June 2020

Malebranche holds that visual experience represents the size of objects relative to the perceiver's body and does not represent objects as having intrinsic or nonrelational spatial magnitudes. I argue that Malebranche's case for this body-relative thesis is more sophisticated than other commentators—most notably, Atherton (1990) and Simmons (2003)—have presented it. Malebranche's central argument relies on the possibility of perceptual variation with respect to size. He uses two thought experiments to show that perceivers of different sizes—namely, miniature people, giants, and typical human beings—can experience the very same objects as having radically different sizes. Malebranche argues that there is no principled reason to privilege one of these ways of experiencing size over the others and, more specifically, that all three kinds of perceivers experience size veridically. From the possibility of this kind of veridical perceptual variation, Malebranche infers that visual experience represents only body-relative size.
“A nossa lâmpada não se apaga”: The Mnemonic Return of Angola’s Jonas Savimbi
Authors: Martins Vasco
Published: June 2020

Rehabilitating the legacy of deceased leaders is a phenomenon particularly salient in Southern Africa, insofar as memories of liberation wars provoke considerable debate. After a protracted civil war, Angolans remain divided about the contributions of their historical leaders. Jonas Savimbi sits at the center of this division, a binary representation of both heroism and villainy. Martins demonstrates how Savimbi’s memory is invoked both as a moral source of hope for an alternative Angola—one imagined and disseminated by Savimbi and UNITA and appropriated by social protest—and as a technology of fear and control employed by the MPLA to assert political dominance.
Cortical Spreading Depolarization in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Levesque Mathieu , Deacon Charles , Adam Suzie , Iorio-Morin Christian
Published: June 2020

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is recognized as a cause of transient neurological symptoms (TNS) in various clinical entities. Although scientific literature has been flourishing in the field of CSD, it remains an underrecognized pathophysiology in clinical practice. The literature evoking CSD in relation to subdural hematoma (SDH) is particularly scarce. Patients with SDH frequently suffer from TNS, most being attributed to seizures despite an atypical semiology, evolution, and therapeutic response. Recent literature has suggested that a significant proportion of those patients’ TNS represent the clinical manifestations of underlying CSD. Recently, the term Non-Epileptical Stereoytpical Intermittent Symptoms (NESIS) has been proposed to describe a subgroup of patients presenting with TNS in the context of SDH. Indirect evidence and recent research suggest that the pathophysiology of NESIS could represent the clinical manifestation of CSD. This review should provide a concise yet thorough review of the current state of literature behind the pathophysiology of CSD with a particular focus on recent research and knowledge regarding the presence of CSD in the context of subdural hematoma. Although many questions remain in the evolution of knowledge in this field would likely have significant diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications.
Development of an electronic health records datamart to support clinical and population health research
Authors: Hurst Jillian H. , Liu Yaxing , Maxson Pamela J. , Permar Sallie R. , Boulware L. Ebony , Goldstein Benjamin A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Electronic health record (EHR) data have emerged as an important resource for population health and clinical research. There have been significant efforts to leverage EHR data for research; however, given data security concerns and the complexity of the data, EHR data are frequently difficult to access and use for clinical studies. We describe the development of a Clinical Research Datamart (CRDM) that was developed to provide well-curated and easily accessible EHR data to Duke University investigators.

Methods:

The CRDM was designed to (1) contain most of the patient-level data elements needed for research studies; (2) be directly accessible by individuals conducting statistical analyses (including Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) core members); (3) be queried via a code-based system to promote reproducibility and consistency across studies; and (4) utilize a secure protected analytic workspace in which sensitive EHR data can be stored and analyzed. The CRDM utilizes data transformed for the PCORnet data network, and was augmented with additional data tables containing site-specific data elements to provide additional contextual information.

Results:

We provide descriptions of ideal use cases and discuss dissemination and evaluation methods, including future work to expand the user base and track the use and impact of this data resource.

Conclusions:

The CRDM utilizes resources developed as part of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) program and could be replicated by other institutions with CTSAs.
Understanding the interrelationships among mass balance, meteorology, discharge and surface velocity on Chhota Shigri Glacier over 2002–2019 using in situ measurements
Authors: Mandal Arindan , Ramanathan Alagappan , Azam Mohd. Farooq , Angchuk Thupstan , Soheb Mohd , Kumar Naveen , Pottakkal Jose George , Vatsal Sarvagya , Mishra Somdutta , Singh Virendra Bahadur
Published: June 2020

The Himalayan glaciers contribute significantly to regional water resources. However, limited field observations restrict our understanding of glacier dynamics and behaviour. Here, we investigated the long-term in situ mass balance, meteorology, ice velocity and discharge of the Chhota Shigri Glacier. The mean annual glacier-wide mass balance was negative, −0.46 ± 0.40 m w.e. a−1 for the period 2002–2019 corresponding to a cumulative wastage of −7.87 m w.e. Winter mass balance was 1.15 m w.e. a−1 and summer mass balance was −1.35 m w.e. a−1 over 2009–2019. Surface ice velocity has decreased on average by 25–42% in the lower and middle ablation zone (below 4700 m a.s.l.) since 2003; however, no substantial change was observed at higher altitudes. The decrease in velocity suggests that the glacier is adjusting its flow in response to negative mass balance. The summer discharge begins to rise from May and peaks in July, with a contribution of 43%, followed by 38% and 19% in August and September, respectively. The discharge pattern closely follows the air temperature. The long-term observation on the ‘Chhota Shigri – a benchmark glacier’, shows a mass wastage which corresponds to the slowdown of the glacier in the past two decades.
Keeping Friends Close, But Enemies Closer: Foreign Aid Responses to Natural Disasters
Authors: Cheng Cindy , Minhas Shahryar
Published: June 2020

If foreign aid is provided primarily for strategic reasons, as much of the field finds, how can donor generosity following natural disasters be explained? This article addresses this puzzle by building on the literature in three ways. First, it differentiates between three major types of aid: humanitarian, civil society and development. Second, it demonstrates that natural disasters act as an exogenous shock to the strategic calculus that donor countries undertake when making foreign aid allocation decisions. Specifically, the authors argue that donor countries use natural disasters as opportunities to exert influence on strategic opponents through the allocation of humanitarian and civil society aid. However, donors still reserve development aid for strategic allies irrespective of the incidence of natural disasters. Third, the findings are substantiated using a new measure of strategic interest that accounts for the indirect ties states share and the multiple dimensions upon which they interact.
‘They Take Our Houses’: Benefit Competition and the Erosion of Support for Immigrants' Social Rights
Authors: Hooijer Gerda
Published: June 2020

Does benefit competition affect voters' support for immigrants' social rights? While scholars in political economy expect that benefit competition lowers support among the poor, the evidence is limited. This seems to be largely due to the reliance on highly aggregated analyses and the neglect of the institutional context in which individuals form their preferences. This article argues that lower-income voters are more likely to reduce their support due to competition when benefit eligibility depends on income. Using individual-level panel data from the Netherlands and a novel way to measure benefit competition, the study shows that lower-middle-income voters become less supportive of immigrants' social rights when more social housing in their municipality is allocated to refugees. By contrast, competition does not reduce support among the rich or the very poor. The findings suggest that benefit competition can erode support for immigrants' social rights and influence electoral politics.
The effects of temperature and salinity on the longevity of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae: a climate change concern
Authors: Prasopdee S. , Kulsantiwong J. , Sathavornmanee T. , Thitapakorn V.
Published: June 2020

Research on the effects of environmental factors influenced by climate change on parasite transmissibility is an area garnering recent attention worldwide. However, there is still a lack of studies on the life cycle of Opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic trematode found in countries of the Lower Mekong subregion of Lao PDR, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. To evaluate the influences of environmental factors water temperature and salinity on the transmissibility of the liver fluke O. viverrini through cercarial stage, longevity of O. viverrini cercaria was examined at different experimental temperatures (22°C, 30°C and 38°C) and salinities (2.5 parts per thousand (PPT), 3.75 PPT and 5 PPT). The results reveal that different temperatures have statistically significant effects on cercarial longevity. The cercariae exhibited a thermostability zone ranging between 22°C and 30°C. Cercarial longevity was significantly shortened when water temperatures reached 38°C. Salinity also plays a key role in cercarial longevity, with cercarial survival significantly shorter at a salinity of 3.75 PPT than at 2.5 PPT and 5 PPT. A combined analysis of salinity and temperature revealed unique trends in cercarial longevity. At all experimental salinities, cercarial longevity was lowest when incubated in 38°C, but statistically significant from cercarial longevity at temperatures of 22°C and 30°C, and salinities of 2.5 PPT and 5 PPT. The results suggest that higher temperatures negatively impact parasite longevity. This reflects that O. viverrini transmission patterns may be impacted by changes in water temperature and salinity resulting from climate change.
Shifting labor relations in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey 1500–2000: An Introduction
Authors: Hofmeester Karin , Lucassen Jan
Published: June 2020

This special section can be seen as part of a tradition of special issues of International Labor and Working-Class History (ILWCH) and the International Review of Social History (IRSH) that comment on the state of the field of Ottoman labor historiography, describe its achievements and caveats, and set the agenda for future research. The late Donald Quataert, pioneer of Ottoman labor history, started this tradition in 2001, when he edited this journal's special issue Labor History in the Ottoman Middle East, 1700–1922. Touraj Atabaki and Gavin D. Brockett followed in 2009 with their special issue of the IRSH Ottoman and Republican Turkish Labour History. With the current special section we aim to add to this tradition. In the first section of our introduction, we will provide a brief overview of the main conclusions of the first two special issues, and shed some light on what happened after 2009. In the second section, we will discuss what we hope to add: an approach based on the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations that can help us to reconstruct the development of labor relations in the Ottoman Empire and its successor states. We describe this approach and results of the project worldwide so far. The third section starts with a brief overview of the Ottoman/Turkish Republic branch of the Collaboratory that focuses mainly on Anatolia and its views on sources and methodologies. It will describe the article by Karin Hofmeester and Jan Lucassen in this special section as result of these activities and the articles by Hülya Canbakal and Alpay Filiztekin and İrfan Kovidas and Yahya Araz as results of other projects that link up perfectly with the Collaboratory approach. Special attention will be devoted to the town of Bursa and its hinterland from the sixteenth until the twentieth century, putting the developments in this city in the broader perspective of Ottoman-Anatolian and Turkish labor history.
Crystal chemistry, X-ray diffraction reference patterns, and bandgap studies for (BaxSr1–x)2CoWO6 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9)
Authors: Wong-Ng W. , Liu G. Y. , Shi D. D. , Yang Y. Q. , Derbeshi R. , Windover D. , Kaduk J. A.
Published: June 2020

X-ray reference powder patterns and structures have been determined for a series of cobalt- and tungsten-containing cubic alkaline-earth perovskites, (BaxSr1–x)2CoWO6 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9). The structure of the end members of the series, Sr2CoWO6 and Ba2CoWO6, were tetragonal and cubic, respectively, agreeing with the literature data. From Rietveld refinements, it was found that when x = 0.1 and 0.2, the structure was tetragonal I4/m (a = 5.60481(6) and 5.62305(11) Å and c = 7.97989(12) and 7.9847(2) Å, respectively; Z = 2). When x > 0.2, the structure was cubic (Fm$\bar{3}$m, No. 225; Z = 4) (from x = 0.3 to 0.9, a increases from 7.98399(13) to 8.08871(10) Å). This tetragonal series of compounds exhibit the characteristics of a distorted double-perovskite structure. The bond valence sum values for the alkaline-earth (Ba, Sr) sites in all (BaxSr1−x)2CoWO6 members are greater than the ideal value of 2.0, indicating over-bonding situation, whereas for the W sites, as x increases, a change from under-bonding to slightly over-bonding situation was observed. Density functional theory calculations revealed that while Sr2CoWO6 is a semiconductor, Ba2CoWO6 and SrBaCoWO6 are half-metals. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of this series of compounds (BaxSr1−x)2CoWO6, with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File.
Testing the flow-through capillary for the study of re-solvation processes in pharmaceutical compounds
Authors: Rohlíček Jan , Zvoníček Vít , Skořepová Eliška , Šoóš Miroslav
Published: June 2020

This paper describes a new flow-through capillary sample holder that allows the in situ study of re-solvation processes. The holder can be aligned to the goniometer's center using two perpendicular micrometric tables that move in y and z directions. The re-solvation of two ibrutinib solvates of anisole and fluorobenzene was tested using the holder to show the practical application of this technique.
Cortical thickness of the insula and prefrontal cortex relates to externalizing behavior: Cross-sectional and prospective findings
Authors: Tanzer Michal , Derome Mélodie , Morosan Larisa , Salaminios George , Debbané Martin
Published: June 2020

Externalizing behaviors (EBs) pertain to a diverse set of aggressive, antisocial, and potentially destructive behaviors directed toward the external environment. They range from nonclinical to clinical in severity, associated with opposition, aggression, hyperactivity, or impulsivity, and are considered a risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology later in adulthood. Focusing on community adolescents (N = 102; 49 female and 53 male adolescents; age range 12–19 years), this study aimed to explore the relations between EBs and the cortical thickness of regions of interest as well as to identify possible risk markers that could improve understanding of the EB construct. Using a mixed cross-sectional and prospective design (1-year follow-up), we report specific associations with cortical thickness of the left insular, right orbitofrontal, and left anterior cingulate cortex. Specifically, thinner left insular and right orbitofrontal cortex was associated with higher EBs, and thinner left anterior cingulate cortex predicted less reduction in EBs 1 year later. In addition, further examination of the aggression and rule-breaking subscales of the Youth/Adult Self-Report, used to assess EBs, revealed specific associations with insular subregions. Findings suggest that cortical structure morphology may significantly relate to the expression and maintenance of EBs within the general population of adolescents.
Usefulness of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) as a marker for cardiotoxicity and comparison with echocardiography in paediatric carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Turan Caner , Dogan Eser , Yurtseven Ali , Saz Eylem Ulas
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To demonstrate the usefulness of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as an early biomarker of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury in children. It also aimed to identify the correlation between NT-proBNP and left ventricular systolic dysfunction findings shown by echocardiography.

Methods:

Prospective, observational study conducted at a paediatric emergency department between October 2017 and April 2019 which involved children aged 0–17 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on severity; mild, moderate and severe groups. The patient characteristics, carboxyhaemoglobin, CK-MB Mass (CKMB-M), troponin-T, and NT-proBNP levels were measured, and echocardiography was performed and left ventricular ejection fraction was measured.

Results:

Sixty-nine patients and 60 healthy controls were included. Male gender, younger age, higher carboxyhaemoglobin levels, and altered mental status were found as independent predictors of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury. If the cut-off value for NT-proBNP level is >480 pg/ml, the sensitivity–specificity for decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, which is the strongest carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury sign, were 100–96%, respectively. A high negative correlation was found between NT-proBNP levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.769, p < 0.01) in the carbon monoxide poisoning group, and there was a positive correlation between the carboxyhaemoglobin and NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.583, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Echocardiography is an ideal tool and very sensitive, but its routine use is limited due to its non-availability. An increased level of NT-proBNP (>480pg/ml) may be useful as an ideal biomarker for early detection of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury sign and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction which is the most crucial point in making a decision on hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
The 2004 EU Enlargement as an Outcome of Public Policies: The Impact of Intra-EU Mobility on Central and Eastern European Sending Countries
Authors: Grabowska Izabela
Published: June 2020

This article analyses the impact of mobility on sending CEE countries after the biggest EU enlargement of 2004 with some reference to the EU enlargement of 2007. It is presented on the fifteenth anniversary of the biggest historical EU enlargement with a disclaimer that economic and social changes are still enduring. The aim of this article is to explain the interlinked economic and social impacts of EU enlargements on CEE sending countries relating to: GDP, wages, economic remittances, welfare systems and employment, human capital (tangible and intangible), social remittances and social mobility. It is proved here, that exploring and exploiting the complex catalogue of available arguments and findings across CEE countries, EU enlargements can be seen as outcomes of a set of top-down public policies with their regulation (EU law), distribution (four freedoms) and redistribution functions (EU funds) along with bottom-up activities and developments of migrants themselves.