bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory for Thermal Geometric Phases: Exceptional Point Encirclement
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we experimentally demonstrate that the geometric phase can also emerge in a macroscopic thermal convection-conduction system. Following Li et al. [Science 364, 170–173 (2019)], we study two moving rings with equal-but-opposite velocities, joined together by a stationary intermediate layer. We first confirm an exceptional point of velocity that separates a stationary temperature profile and a moving one. We then investigate a cyclic path of time-varying velocity containing the exceptional point, and an extra phase difference of $$\pi $$
π
appears (say, the geometric phase). These results broaden the scope of the geometric phase and provide insights into the thermal topology.
Summary and Outlook
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we summarize this book and look to the future. In particular, we raise several key scientific questions for future directions of theoretical thermotics and potential applications in heat regulation.
Theory for Thermoelectric Effect Control: Transformation Nonlinear Thermoelectricity
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

Temperature-dependent (nonlinear) transformation thermotics provides a powerful tool for designing multifunctional, switchable, or intelligent metamaterials in diffusion systems. However, its extension to multiphysics remains studied, in which the temperature dependence of intrinsic parameters is ubiquitous. Here, we theoretically establish a temperature-dependent transformation method for controlling multiphysics. Taking thermoelectric transport as a typical case, we prove the form invariance of its temperature-dependent governing equations and formulate the corresponding transformation rules. Our finite-element simulations demonstrate robust thermoelectric cloaking, concentrating, and rotating performance in temperature-dependent backgrounds. We further design two practical applications with temperature-dependent transformation: an ambient-responsive cloak-concentrator thermoelectric device that can switch between cloaking and concentrating; an improved thermoelectric cloak with nearly-thermostat performance inside. Our theoretical frameworks and application designs may provide guidance for efficiently controlling temperature-related multiphysics and enlighten subsequent intelligent multiphysical metamaterial research.
Atypical induction of HIF-1α expression by pericellular Notch1 signaling suffices for the malignancy of glioblastoma multiforme cells
Authors: Lee Jungwhoi , Kim Eunsoo , Chong Kyuha , Ryu Seung-Wook , Kim Chungyeul , Choi Kyungsun , Kim Jae-Hoon , Choi Chulhee
Published: October 2022

Contact-based pericellular interactions play important roles in cancer progression via juxtacrine signaling pathways. The present study revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), induced even in non-hypoxic conditions by cell-to-cell contact, was a critical cue responsible for the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells through Notch1 signaling. Densely cultured GBM cells showed enhanced viability and resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) compared to GBM cells at a low density. Ablating Notch1 signaling by a γ-secretase inhibitor or siRNA transfection resensitized resistant GBM cells to TMZ treatment and decreased their viability under dense culture conditions. The expression of HIF-1α was significantly elevated in highly dense GBM cells even under non-hypoxic conditions. Atypical HIF-1α expression was associated with the Notch1 signaling pathway in both GBM and glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α was prevented by binding with Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), which translocated to the nuclei of GBM cells. Silencing Notch1 signaling using a doxycycline-inducible Notch1 RNA-interfering system or treatment with chetomin, a HIF pathway inhibitor, retarded tumor development with a significant anti-cancer effect in a murine U251-xenograft model. Using GBM patient tissue microarray analysis, a significant increase in HIF-1α expression was identified in the group with Notch1 expression compared to the group without Notch1 expression among those with positive HIF-1α expression. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of cell-to-cell contact-dependent signaling in GBM progression. They provide a rationale for targeting HIF-1α signaling even in a non-hypoxic microenvironment.
Quality of Life in Post‐Surgical Hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Hillary Sarah L. , Chooi Je Ern , Wadsley Jonathan , Newell‐Price John D. , Brown Nicola J. , Balasubramanian Saba P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Post‐surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) is often long term, with significant associated morbidity and ongoing treatment. A recent systematic review found impaired quality of life (QoL) in patients with PoSH, despite stable treatment. Most studies did not include an appropriate control arm and further studies were recommended, taking into account underlying disease and comorbidities. This study aims to compare QoL in patients with PoSH with appropriate control groups.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional observational study using the general quality of life SF‐36 tool and a hypocalcaemia symptom score (HcSS) to assess QoL in patients with PoSH and controls (who had similar surgery but without PoSH). Participants were identified from two patient groups (the Butterfly Thyroid Cancer Trust and the Association for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Disorders) and a single tertiary centre in the UK.

Results

Four hundred and thirty‐nine responses (female n = 379, PoSH n = 89) were included with a median (range) age of 52 (19–92) years. Reported dates of surgery ranged from 1973 to 2019. HcSS scores showed significantly more associated symptoms in patients with PoSH than those without (p < 0.001). Although there was no overall difference in QoL between groups, patients with PoSH consistently had lower scores (p = 0.008) in the energy/fatigue subdomain of the SF‐36.

Conclusion

Patients with PoSH reported significantly more fatigue and loss of energy compared to appropriately matched controls, but overall QoL was not significantly different. Standardised QoL measures may not be sensitive enough to highlight the impact on QoL in these patients. A disease‐specific tool may be required.
Establishing Peer Consensus About the Use of Long‐Term Biosynthetic Absorbable Mesh for Hernia (Grades 2–3) as the Standard of Care
Authors: Morales‐Conde Salvador , Berrevoet Frederick , Jorgensen Lars Nannestad , Marchi Domenico , Ortega‐Deballon Pablo , Windsor Alistair
Published: October 2022

Background

Standard synthetic and biologic meshes, often used in hernia repair, have commonly been used and each have their strengths but associated drawbacks. Long‐term biosynthetic absorbable (LTBA) mesh has been developed to combine the strengths of synthetic and biologic meshes without the associated weaknesses. As a newer type of mesh, the supporting evidence base is still growing, and their optimum use has yet to be defined. This consensus was initiated to provide insight into those situations where a LTBA might be considered the Standard of Care in ventral hernia repair grades 2–3 (original classification, 2010) of the Ventral Hernia Working Group.

Methods

A steering group of expert surgeons identified 35 statements, based around the evidence supporting LTBA, surgical technique, patients type most suitable for LTBA, risk–benefit of LTBA, patient and surgeon considerations, LTBA value. Surgeons involved in hernia repair received an online survey to assess consensus with these statements. Consensus was defined as high if ≥ 70% and very high if ≥ 90% of respondents agreed. Statements that had not achieved consensus agreement were revised and these were then issued for a subsequent round. Finally, 34 statements were included.

Results

Two hundred fifty‐five surgeons were involved. Fourteen statements (41%) achieved very high consensus, 24 achieved consensuses (≥ 70–< 90%), whilst one (3%) just failed to achieve consensus with an agreement score of 69%.

Conclusions

Expert consensus opinion about the use of LTBA for hernia (Grades 2–3) as the Standard of Care was achieved. Based on the consensus scores, the steering group derived eleven keys.
Label‐Free Enhancement of Adrenal Gland Visualization Using Near‐Infrared Autofluorescence for Surgical Guidance
Authors: Thomas Giju , Kiernan Colleen M. , Willmon Parker A. , Haugen Ezekiel , Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Barocas Daniel A. , Baregamian Naira , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita , Solόrzano Carmen C.
Published: October 2022

Background

During adrenalectomy, surgeons have traditionally relied on their subjective visual skills to distinguish adrenal glands (AGs) from retroperitoneal fat and surrounding structures, while ultrasound and exogenous contrast agents have been employed for intraoperative AG visualization, all of which have their limitations. We present a novel label‐free approach that uses near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) detection, which demonstrates potential for enhanced intraoperative AG visualization and efficient tumor resection during adrenalectomies.

Methods

Patients undergoing adrenalectomy or nephrectomy were enrolled for this feasibility study. NIRAF emitted beyond 800 nm was detected in vivo from AGs and surrounding tissues during open adrenalectomies or nephrectomies. NIRAF was also measured ex vivo in excised AGs following robotic adrenalectomies. NIRAF images of tissues were captured using near‐infrared (NIR) camera systems, whereas NIRAF intensities were recorded concurrently using fiber‐optic probe‐based NIR devices. Normalized NIRAF intensities (expressed as mean ± standard error) were analyzed and compared.

Results

Among the 55 enrolled patients, NIRAF intensity was elevated significantly for AGs versus retroperitoneal fat and other structures. NIR images of AGs also revealed a distinct demarcation of NIRAF between adrenal cortex and other periadrenal structures. NIRAF intensity in AGs was decreased markedly in malignant adrenal tumors, while benign adrenal cortical tumors and healthy adrenal cortex exhibited the strongest NIRAF levels.

Conclusions

Our preliminary findings indicate that NIRAF detection could be a promising label‐free technology to enhance intraoperative AG visualization and holds immense potential for effective tumor demarcation during cortical‐sparing adrenalectomies or adrenal‐conserving surgeries.
The Role and Effect of Multimodal Prehabilitation Before Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jain Sneha Rajiv , Kandarpa Vasundhara Lakshmi , Yaow Clyve Yu Leon , Tan Winson JianHong , Ho Leonard Ming Li , Sivarajah Sharmini Su , Ng Jia Lin , Chong Cheryl Xi Zi , Aw Darius Kang Lie , Foo Fung Joon , Koh Frederick Hong Xiang
Published: October 2022

Background

For patients undergoing abdominal surgery, multimodal prehabilitation, including nutrition and exercise interventions, aims to optimize their preoperative physical and physiological capacity. This meta‐analysis aims to explore the impact of multimodal prehabilitation on surgical and functional outcomes of abdominal surgery.

Methods

Medline, Embase and CENTRAL were searched for articles about multimodal prehabilitation in major abdominal surgery. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications with a Clavien–Dindo score ≥3, and functional outcomes, measured by the 6‐Minute Walking Test (6MWT). Secondary outcome measures included the quality‐of‐life measures. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated, with DerSimonian and Laird random effects used to account for heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty‐five studies were included, analysing 4,210 patients across 13 trials and 12 observational studies. Patients undergoing prehabilitation had significantly fewer overall complications (RR = 0.879, 95% CI 0.781–0.989, p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in the rates of wound infection, anastomotic leak and duration of hospitalization. The 6MWT improved preoperatively in patients undergoing prehabilitation (SMD = 33.174, 95% CI 12.674–53.673, p = 0.005), but there were no significant differences in the 6MWT at 4 weeks (SMD = 30.342, 95% CI − 2.707–63.391, p = 0.066) and 8 weeks (SMD = 24.563, 95% CI − 6.77–55.900, p = 0.104) postoperatively.

Conclusions

As preoperative patient optimization shifts towards an interdisciplinary approach, evidence from this meta‐analysis shows that multimodal prehabilitation improves the preoperative functional capacity and reduces postoperative complication rates, suggesting its potential in effectively optimizing the abdominal surgery patient. However, there is a large degree of heterogenicity between the prehabilitation interventions between included articles; hence results should be interpreted with caution.
Clustering tropical cyclone genesis on ENSO timescales in the Southwest Pacific
Authors: Tu’uholoaki Moleni , Espejo Antonio , Singh Awnesh , Damlamian Herve , Wandres Moritz , Chand Savin , Mendez Fernando J. , Fa’anunu ‘Ofa
Published: October 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) as a natural hazard pose a major threat and risk to the human population globally. This threat is expected to increase in a warming climate as the frequency of severe TCs is expected to increase. In this study, the influence of different monthly sea surface temperature (SST) patterns on the locations and frequency of tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) in the Southwest Pacific (SWP) region is investigated. Using principal component analysis and k-means clustering of monthly SST between 1970 and 2019, nine statistically different SST patterns are identified. Our findings show that the more prominent ENSO patterns such as the Modoki El Niño (i.e., Modoki I and Modoki II) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño impact the frequency and location of TCG significantly. Our results enhance the overall understanding of the TCG variability and the relationship between TCG and SST configurations in the SWP region. The results of this study may support early warning system in SWP by improving seasonal outlooks and quantification of the level of TC-related risks for the vulnerable Pacific Island communities.
Correlation between clinical phenotype and electromyographic parameters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Colombo Eleonora , Doretti Alberto , Scheveger Francesco , Maranzano Alessio , Pata Giulia , Gagliardi Delia , Meneri Megi , Messina Stefano , Verde Federico , Morelli Claudia , Corti Stefania , Maderna Luca , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Even if electromyography (EMG) is routinely used to confirm the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), few studies have analysed the correlation between electrophysiological parameters and clinical characteristics of ALS. We assessed if the quantification of active denervation (AD) and chronic denervation (CD) provides clinicians with information about phenotype, disease progression and survival in ALS patients.

Methods

We studied a cohort of 689 ALS patients recording the following parameters: age and site of onset, survival, MRC scale for muscle strength evaluation, burden of upper and lower motor signs as measured with specific scales (PUMNS and LMNS, respectively), ALSFRS-R, progression rate (ΔFS), MITOS and King’s Staging systems (KSS). We performed EMG on 11 muscles, and calculated semiquantitative AD and CD scores for each limb, as well as for the bulbar and spinal regions.

Results

We found a positive correlation between AD and CD scores with LMNS (respectivelyp = 4.4 × 10–37andp = 2.8 × 10–45) and a negative correlation with MRC (respectivelyp = 4.5 × 10–35andp = 3.0 × 10–35). Furthermore, patients with higher spinal AD and CD scores had significantly lower ALSFRS-R scores, and higher KSS and MITOS stages. Conversely, only AD was associated to higher ΔFS (p = 1.0 × 10–6) and shorter survival (p = 1.1 × 10–5).

Conclusion

Our results confirmed that EMG examination represents not only a diagnostic instrument, but also a prognostic tool. In this context, AD seems to be a reliable predictor of disease’s progression and survival while CD better describes functional disability.
More Precise Runtime Analyses of Non-elitist Evolutionary Algorithms in Uncertain Environments
Authors: Lehre Per Kristian , Qin Xiaoyu
Published: October 2022

Real-world applications often involve “uncertain” objectives, i.e., where optimisation algorithms observe objective values as a random variables with positive variance. In the past decade, several rigorous analysis results for evolutionary algorithms (EAs) on discrete problems show that EAs can cope with low-level uncertainties, i.e. when the variance of the uncertain objective value is small, and sometimes even benefit from uncertainty. Previous work showed that a large population combined with a non-elitist selection mechanism is a promising approach to handle high levels of uncertainty. However, the population size and the mutation rate can dramatically impact the performance of non-elitist EAs, and the optimal choices of these parameters depend on the level of uncertainty in the objective function. The performance and the required parameter settings for non-elitist EAs in some common objective-uncertainty scenarios are still unknown. We analyse the runtime of non-elitist EAs on two classical benchmark problems OneMax and LeadingOnes in in the one-bit, the bitwise, the Gaussian, and the symmetric noise models, and the dynamic binary value problem (DynBV). Our analyses are more extensive and precise than previous analyses of non-elitist EAs. In several settings, we prove that the non-elitist EAs outperform the current state-of-the-art results. Furthermore, we provide more precise guidance on how to choose the mutation rate, the selective pressure, and the population size as a function of the level of uncertainty.
Ordovician tectonics of the South European Variscan Realm: new insights from Sardinia
Authors: Cocco Fabrizio , Loi Alfredo , Funedda Antonio , Casini Leonardo , Ghienne Jean-François , Pillola Gian Luigi , Vidal Muriel , Meloni Mattia Alessio , Oggiano Giacomo
Published: October 2022

Although much is known about the Ordovician tectonics of the South European Variscides, aspects of their geodynamic evolution and palaeogeographic reconstruction remain uncertain. In Sardinia, Variscan tectonic units include significant vestiges of Ordovician evolution, such as a fold system that affected only the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician successions, and are cut by a regional angular unconformity. A comparison of the stratigraphy and tectonic structures of the successions below and above the Lower Ordovician unconformity and a reinterpretation of biostratigraphic data allow us to identify significant differences between the stacked tectonic units. The unconformity is sealed as follows: (i) in the Sulcis–Iglesiente Unit (Variscan External Zone, SW Sardinia) by Middle–Upper Ordovician continental and tidal deposits; and (ii) in the Sarrabus and Gerrei units (part of the Variscan Nappe Zone, SE Sardinia) by Middle–Upper Ordovician calc–alkaline volcanic rocks. Therefore, at the same time, one tectonic unit was situated close to a rifting setting and the others were involved in a convergent margin. Of note are the different durations associated with the unconformities in the tectonic units (17 Myr in the Sulcis–Iglesiente Unit, 6 Myr in the Sarrabus and Gerrei units) and the occurrence (or absence) of glacio-marine deposits indicating that the units were located at different palaeo-latitudes during the Ordovician. These results suggest that the SW and SE Sardinia blocks did not share the same geodynamic setting during the Ordovician, implying that they were situated in different palaeogeographic positions at this time and subsequently amalgamated during the Variscan Orogeny. Furthermore, stratigraphic and tectonic correlations with neighbouring areas, such as the eastern Pyrenees, imply alternative palaeogeographic reconstructions to those proposed previously for some peri-Mediterranean Variscan terranes.
On the applicability of Southwell’s method to the determination of the critical force of elastic columns of variable cross sections
Authors: Marcinowski Jakub , Sadowski Mirosław , Sakharov Volodymyr
Published: October 2022

Brilliant in its simplicity, Southwell’s method of experimentally determining the critical force on the basis of the so-called Southwell diagram has been of interest to structural stability specialists since its presentation in 1932. In its original version, the correctness of the Southwell method was proved for compressed bars with a constant cross section and showing the loss of stability only within the elastic range while maintaining the constant value of Young's modulus. In numerous works on the method, proposals for its modification have emerged ensuring the extension of the scope of applications with problems other than the classic buckling of a compressed bar. There has also been an attempt to justify the correctness of Southwell’s method in the case of a bar with a variable cross section. This paper presents a strict solution of the differential equation of bar stability with a parabolic variable moment of inertia of the cross section and a parabolic form of initial geometric imperfections. The solution arrived at with the use of the Mathematica™ system was the basis for constructing the Southwell diagram and justifying the correctness of the method for this particular case of a bar. To confirm the correctness of Southwell’s method also the numerical approach exploiting FEM was adopted. Two different cases of column’s shape variabilities and different boundary conditions were considered.
Partial-order reduction for parity games and parameterised Boolean equation systems
Authors: Neele Thomas , Willemse Tim A. C. , Wesselink Wieger , Valmari Antti
Published: October 2022

In model checking, reduction techniques can be helpful tools to fight the state-space explosion problem. Partial-order reduction (POR) is a well-known example, and many POR variants have been developed over the years. However, none of these can be used in the context of model checking stutter-sensitive temporal properties. We propose POR techniques for parity games, a well-established formalism for solving a variety of decision problems, including model checking. As a result, we obtain the first POR method that is sound for the full modal $$\upmu $$
μ
-calculus. We show how our technique can be applied to the fixed point logic called parameterised Boolean equation systems, which provides a high-level representation of parity games. Experiments with our implementation indicate that substantial reductions can be achieved.
The Effects of a Cyberbullying Intervention Programme Among Primary School Students
Authors: Lukács J. Ágnes , Takács Johanna , Soósné Kiss Zsuzsanna , Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Falus András , Feith Helga Judit
Published: October 2022

Background

With the increase of cyberbullying, several intervention programmes have been created that aim at reducing cyber-victimisation and perpetration.

Objective

Our study presents the effects of the STAnD anti-cyberbullying programme with peer-education both on the short and the long run among lower and upper primary school students, with a focus on the participants’ cyberbullying roles.

Method

The sample comprised of 536 students who participated in the intervention programme, involving 36% lower and 64% upper primary school students. Participants were measured by a self-reported questionnaire before and right after the programme, then six months later.

Results

The main effect of the STAnD programme was a positive change in the participants’ willingness to engage in help-seeking and their active-defending reaction, although this effect decreased after six months. The changes were larger among lower primary school students compared to upper primary school participants.

Conclusion

Our results imply that long-lasting and intensive health promotion programmes are necessary to reach a long-term intervention effect. Anti-cyberbullying programmes should take into consideration participants’ involvement and roles in cyberbullying. As our study was a non-randomised uncontrolled study design, thus interpretation of the effectiveness of the programme is limited.
Personalised meta-path generation for heterogeneous graph neural networks
Authors: Zhong Zhiqiang , Li Cheng-Te , Pang Jun
Published: October 2022

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to heterogeneous graph representation learning (HGRL), which aims to embed rich structural and semantic information in heterogeneous information networks (HINs) into low-dimensional node representations. To date, most HGRL models rely on hand-crafted meta-paths. However, the dependency on manually-defined meta-paths requires domain knowledge, which is difficult to obtain for complex HINs. More importantly, the pre-defined or generated meta-paths of all existing HGRL methods attached to each node type or node pair cannot be personalised to each individual node. To fully unleash the power of HGRL, we present a novel framework, Personalised Meta-path based Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (PM-HGNN), to jointly generate meta-paths that are personalised for each individual node in a HIN and learn node representations for the target downstream task like node classification. Precisely, PM-HGNN treats the meta-path generation as a Markov Decision Process and utilises a policy network to adaptively generate a meta-path for each individual node and simultaneously learn effective node representations. The policy network is trained with deep reinforcement learning by exploiting the performance improvement on a downstream task. We further propose an extension, PM-HGNN++, to better encode relational structure and accelerate the training during the meta-path generation. Experimental results reveal that both PM-HGNN and PM-HGNN++ can significantly and consistently outperform 16 competing baselines and state-of-the-art methods in various settings of node classification. Qualitative analysis also shows that PM-HGNN++ can identify meaningful meta-paths overlooked by human knowledge.
Constructions of new matroids and designs over $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$
Authors: Byrne Eimear , Ceria Michela , Ionica Sorina , Jurrius Relinde , Saçıkara Elif
Published: October 2022

A perfect matroid design (PMD) is a matroid whose flats of the same rank all have the same size. In this paper we introduce the q-analogue of a PMD and its properties. In order to do so, we first establish a new cryptomorphic definition for q-matroids. We show that q-Steiner systems are examples of q-PMD’s and we use this q-matroid structure to construct subspace designs from q-Steiner systems. We apply this construction to the only known q-Steiner system, which has parameters S(2, 3, 13; 2), and hence establish the existence of a new subspace design with parameters 2-(13, 4, 5115; 2).
The effect of random shocks on reciprocal behavior in dynamic principal-agent settings
Authors: Kerschbamer Rudolf , Oexl Regine
Published: October 2022

Previous work has shown that unobservable random shocks on output have a detrimental effect on efficiency in short-term (‘static’) employment relationships. Given the prevalence of long-term (‘dynamic’) relationships in firms, we investigate whether the impact of shocks is similarly pronounced in gift-exchange relationships where the same principal-agent pair interacts repeatedly. In dynamic relationships, shocks have a significantly less pronounced negative effect on efficiency than in static relationships. In an attempt to identify the drivers for our results we find that the combination of a repeated-game effect (current misbehavior can be punished in future periods) and a noise-canceling effect (part of the noise cancels out in the long run) is required to avoid the detrimental effects of unobservable random shocks on efficiency.
Tiered prediction models for port vessel emissions inventories
Authors: Cammin Philip , Yu Jingjing , Voß Stefan
Published: October 2022

Albeit its importance, a large number of port authorities do not provide continuous or publicly available air emissions inventories (EIs) and thereby obscure the emissions contribution of ports. This is caused by, e.g., the economic effort generated by obtaining data. Therefore, the performance of abatement measures is not monitored and projected, which is specifically disadvantageous concerning top contributors such as container ships. To mitigate this issue, in this paper we propose port vessel EI prediction models by exploring the combination of different machine-learning algorithms, data from the one-off application of an activity-based bottom-up methodology and vessel-characteristics data. The results for this specific case show that prediction models enable acceptable trade-offs between the prediction performance and data requirements, promoting the creation of EIs.
Association between laser flare photometry and symptom duration in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Menghesha Leonie , Schoeneberger Verena , Gerlach Stefanie , Lemke Julia , Krohne Tim U. , Feltgen Nicolas , Schaub Friederike
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate preoperative blood-ocular barrier disruption via laser flare photometry (LFP) in patients diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and to analyse possible associations with symptom duration and anatomical parameters.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients presenting with RRD at a single centre between January 2016 and March 2020. LFP was performed in both eyes after pupillary dilatation prior to RRD surgery. Symptom duration, extent of retinal detachment, and lens status were assessed. For statistical analysis, we carried out the unequal variances t test and Welch’s analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

We included 373 eyes of 373 patients (mean age 63.96 years ± 10.29; female:male ratio 1:1.8). LFP values quantified in photon count per millisecond (pc/ms) increased with longer symptom duration when comparing patients with a symptom duration of 0–3 days (n = 158; 9.25 ± 6.21 pc/ms) and ≥ 4 days (n = 215; 11.97 ± 11.58 pc/ms; p = 0.004). LFP values also rose with the number of retinal quadrants affected by RRD (1 quadrant, 6.82 ± 4.08 pc/ms; 2 quadrants, 10.08 ± 7.28 pc/ms; 3 quadrants, 12.79 ± 7.9 pc/ms; 4 quadrants, 31.57 ± 21.27 pc/ms; p < 0.001), macula off status (macula on, 8.89 ± 6.75 pc/ms; macula off, 12.65 ± 11.66 pc/ms; p < 0.001), and pseudophakic lens status (pseudophakia, 12.86 ± 9.52 pc/ms; phakia: 9.31 ± 9.67 pc/ms; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In RRD patients, blood-ocular barrier disruption quantified by LFP is associated with the duration of symptoms and the disease’s anatomical extent. These results warrant further investigation of the potential clinical use of LFP in RRD.
How Can We Cope with Self-Control Demands and Enhance Proactive Vitality Management? The Role of Leisure Crafting and Supervisor Recreational Sports Support
Authors: Ni Ying-Lien , Kuo Che-Chun , Wu Chia-Huei , Chang Wen Hsin , Chen Lung Hung
Published: October 2022

Studies have reported negative effects of self-control demands on the service-oriented physical and mental well-being of employees. Based on the stressor-detachment model and conservation of resources theory, the present study examined how and when the interplay between leisure crafting and perceived supervisor recreational sports support can lead self-control demands employees to exhibit proactive vitality management. A total of 212 employees completed surveys at three time points over six months. The results indicated that leisure crafting mediated the relationship between employees’ self-control demands and proactive vitality management. Perceived supervisor recreational sports support was shown to strengthen the relationship between leisure crafting and proactive vitality management. Furthermore, we demonstrated a moderated mediation model in which self-control demands, under employees’ perceived supervisor recreational sports support, did not motivate employees to engage in additional leisure crafting; rather, these demands enhanced employees’ leisure resources, which in turn promoted their proactive vitality management.
Principles of presupposition in development
Authors: Aravind Athulya , Fox Danny , Hackl Martin
Published: October 2022

This paper brings a developmental perspective to the discussion of a longstanding issue surrounding the proper characterization of presuppositions. On an influential view (Stalnaker in Synthese 22(1–2):272–289, 1970; Stalnaker, in Milton, Unger (eds) Semantics and philosophy, New York University Press, New York, 1974; Karttunen in Theor Linguist 1:181–194, 1974), formal presuppositions reflect admittance conditions: an utterance of a sentence which presupposes p is admitted by a conversational context c only if p is common ground in c. The theory distinguishes two modes of satisfying this formal requirement: (i) presuppositions may have common ground status prior to utterance, or (ii) they may achieve common ground status post hoc, via accommodation, an adjustment of the common ground by cooperative listeners so as to meet the requirements of an uttered sentence. While intuitive and general, the theory has been criticized (among other things) on methodological grounds (see e.g. Gazdar in Pragmatics: implicature, presupposition and logical form, Academic Press, New York, 1979): the availability of accommodation makes it difficult to empirically examine the notion of presupposition as admittance conditions because a central tenet—pragmatic infelicity results whenever c does not entail p—may be masked due to the pragmatic sophistication of language users. In this paper, we argue that child language presents an opportunity to avoid this intrinsic difficulty. In a series of behavioral experiments, we show that young children generate a default expectation that the presuppositions of an asserted sentence have common ground status prior to utterance. Furthermore and more tellingly, we also find that even when accommodation is the preferred option for adults, children fail to accommodate presuppositions in an adult-like manner. This pattern of behavior, we argue, is expected under the admittance theory: in a population where the interference from accommodation is reduced, the impact of failing to satisfy the formal admittance conditions becomes directly observable.
Structures of the (Imidazole)nH+ ... Ar (n=1,2,3) complexes determined from IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Tikhonov Denis S. , Scutelnic Valeriu , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Krotova Alina A. , Dmitrieva Alena V. , Obenchain Daniel A. , Schnell Melanie
Published: October 2022

Here, we present new cryogenic infrared spectra of the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

(n=1,2,3) ions. The data was obtained using helium tagging infrared predissociation spectroscopy. The new results were compared with the data obtained by Gerardi et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 501:172–178, 2011) using the same technique but with argon as a tag. Comparison of the two experiments, assisted by theoretical calculations, allowed us to evaluate the preferable attachment positions of argon to the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

frame. Argon attaches to nitrogen-bonded hydrogen in the case of the (Imidazole)H$$^+$$

+

ion, while in (Imidazole)$$_{2}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

2

H

+

and (Imidazole)$$_{3}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

3

H

+

the preferred docking sites for the argon are in the center of the complex. This conclusion is supported by analyzing the spectral features attributed to the N–H stretching vibrations. Symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) analysis of the non-covalent forces between argon and the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

(n=1,2,3) frame revealed that this switch of docking preference with increasing complex size is caused by an interplay between induction and dispersion interactions.
No free theory choice from machine learning
Authors: Rushing Bruce
Published: October 2022

Ravit Dotan argues that a No Free Lunch theorem (NFL) from machine learning shows epistemic values are insufficient for deciding the truth of scientific hypotheses. She argues that NFL shows that the best case accuracy of scientific hypotheses is no more than chance. Since accuracy underpins every epistemic value, non-epistemic values are needed to assess the truth of scientific hypotheses. However, NFL cannot be coherently applied to the problem of theory choice. The NFL theorem Dotan’s argument relies upon is a member of a family of theorems in search, optimization, and machine learning. They all claim to show that if no assumptions are made about a search or optimization problem or learning situation, then the best case performance of an algorithm is that of random search or random guessing. A closer inspection shows that these theorems all rely upon assigning uniform probabilities over problems or learning situations, which is just the Principle of Indifference. A counterexample can be crafted that shows that NFL cannot be coherently applied across different descriptions of the same learning situation. To avoid this counterexample, Dotan needs to privilege some description of the learning situation faced by scientists. However, this means that NFL cannot be applied since an important assumption about the problem is being made. So Dotan faces a dilemma: either NFL leads to incoherent best-case partial beliefs or it is inapplicable to the problem of theory choice. This negative result has implications for the larger debate over theory choice.
Dissimilarity effects on house prices: what is the value of similar neighbours?
Authors: Bonakdar Said Benjamin , Roos Michael
Published: October 2022

Residential choice does not only depend on properties of the dwelling, neighbourhood amenities and affordability, but is also affected by the population composition within a neighbourhood. All these attributes are capitalised in the house price. Empirically, it is not easy to disentangle the effect of the neighbourhood on house prices from the effects of the dwelling attributes. We implement an agent-based model of an urban housing market that allows us to analyse the interaction between residential choice, population composition in a neighbourhood and house prices. Agents differ in terms of education, income and group affiliation (majority vs. minority). Whereas rich agents can afford to move to preferred places, roughly 13.01% of poor minorities and 8.02% of poor majority agents are locked in their current neighbourhood. We show that a preference to live among similar neighbours has a strong competitive effect on rich households and drives up their house prices. This is not the case with a preference for status. By introducing a policy that provides agents more access to credit, we find that all population groups denote higher satisfaction levels. Poor agents show the largest improvements. The general satisfaction level across all population groups increases. However, the extra credit accessibility also drives up house prices and leads to higher wealth inequality within the city. If agents have a preference for status rather than for similarity, the effect of the overall inequality is smaller, since agents become more satisfied living in areas with less similar agents.
Conjugations on $$\varvec{L^2(\mathbb {T}^N)}$$ and Invariant Subspaces
Authors: Dymek Piotr , Płaneta Artur , Ptak Marek
Published: October 2022

We study conjugations on $$L^2(\mathbb {T}^N)$$

L
2

(

T

N

)

and their behaviour with respect to multiplication operators. Full characterizations of conjugations commuting or intertwining with multiplication operators are obtained. We also characterize conjugations leaving invariant subspaces being invariant for multiplication by independent variables. The subspaces not being the multiplication of the Hardy space $$H^2(\mathbb {D}^N)$$

H
2

(

D

N

)

by inner function are also considered.
Recent Progress in Large-Area Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Wang Haifei , Qin Zhixiao , Miao Yanfeng , Zhao Yixin
Published: October 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale efficiency to more than 25%, which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell efficiency. However, the efficiency of PSCs drops from laboratory-scale to large-scale perovskite solar modules (PSMs) because of the poor quality of perovskite films, and the increased resistance of large-area PSMs obstructs practical PSC applications. An in-depth understanding of the fabricating processes is vital for precisely controlling the quality of large-area perovskite films, and a suitable structural design for PSMs plays an important role in minimizing energy loss. In this review, we discuss several solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite films and the effects of operating conditions on the films. Furthermore, different structural designs for PSMs are presented, including the processing technologies and device architectures.
Oechsleria unterfeldensis, gen. et sp. nov., a sailfin velifer fish (Lampridiformes, Veliferidae) from the Oligocene of the Unterfeld (“Frauenweiler”) clay pit
Authors: Micklich Norbert , Bannikov Alexandre F.
Published: October 2022

These are the first and so far only records of a sailfin velifer fish from the Lower Oligocene of the Unterfeld (“Frauenweiler”) clay pit at Rauenberg (S Germany), and only the fourth fossil skeletal finds of this group worldwide. The new genus and species †Oechsleria unterfeldensis is described in detail, diagnosed, and compared to other fossil and extant representatives of the Veliferidae. It appears to be a comparatively small-sized fish, which differs from the other representatives of this family, apart from body proportions, by having a lower number of vertebrae and dorsal-fin rays, the absence of massive spines in the dorsal and anal fins, four anal-fin pterygiophores in front of the anteriormost haemal spine, and a different morphology and size of various skeletal elements. Amongst others, the following character states are of relevance: a supraoccipital that is laterally sculptured by strong surface ridges; a weak ascending process of the premaxilla that is shorter than in the other veliferid taxa; compound (fused) anteriormost dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores, together with spineless dorsal and anal fins with unornamented rays (no spinules), of which the majority are bilaterally paired and both halves are fused only proximally but separate and segmented distally; a short coracoid that does not reach the ventral body margin; a broad and anterodorsally directed pelvic bone that bears a well-developed postpelvic process, and probably also the presence of a short pointed neural spine (in contrast to a distally blunt one and/or a low crest) on the second preural centrum. All in all, the new fossil records remarkably increase the known biodiversity of the Veliferidae. They also expand the known palaeogeographic range of this family as far as to the Western Paratethys. With reference to the occurrence and life habits as deduced from the extant forms, they seem to be another Indo-Pacific (respectively Palaeo-Mediterranean, when referring to the fossil forms) element of the Grube Unterfeld fish fauna with a preference for deeper waters and affinities to temperate to tropical climates.
Social Appropriation of Knowledge About Research in Prostate Cancer with Middle Education Students in Three Colombian Cities
Authors: Morales-Suárez Paula Daniela , Montero-Ovalle Wendy Johana , Pardo-Sanabria Paula Juliana , Cuestas-Castañeda Juan Camilo , Segura-Moreno Yenifer Yamile , Nuñez-Lemus Marcela , Sanabria-Salas María Carolina , Varela-Ramírez Rodolfo , Serrano Martha Lucía
Published: October 2022

In Colombia, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer for incidence and mortality in men, which turns it into a public health problem. For high-risk communities to better understand the usefulness of basic research about PCa, a strategy of social appropriation of knowledge (SAK) in science and cancer was designed and implemented. A pedagogical activity and two tests (a pre-test and a post-test) were applied to middle education students in four schools in three Colombian cities to identify previous knowledge of biology concepts and cancer perceptions. As for biology concepts, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in the total results of all questions in the post-test, especially in items related to the structure of DNA, differences between RNA and DNA, and codon. Similarly, better success rates were observed in questions about replication and mutation, and a statistically significant improvement related to the definition of cancer, cancer prevention, and its association with culture or ethnicity (p < 0.01). The results of the open question show what students learned about or were interested in the most, as evidence of the exchange of knowledge in those cities and the social appropriation of knowledge about PCa in Colombia. These findings show that this type of intervention, in diverse social contexts, is essential to improve understanding and perceptions that link school and scientific knowledge to a real problem, such as health and, in this case, cancer.
Design and Investigation of a High-Sensitivity Tilt Sensor Based on FBG
Authors: Pan Jianjun , Wang Liangying , Hou Wei , Lv Hanyang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tilt sensor using a cantilever-based structure is introduced. Two FBGs are fixed on a specially designed elastomer. One end of the elastomer is connected to the mass block, and the other end is connected to the shell. The principle of the tilt sensor is introduced in detail, and the mathematical model is established. The performance of the sensor is studied. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the central wavelength difference of the two FBGs and the tilt angle in the range of −5° to 5°. The repeatability of the sensor is good, and the tilt sensitivity can reach 231.7pm/°. The influence of the silicone oil on the damping capacity of the sensor is studied. The results show that the damping capacity of the sensor has been improved by sealing the silicone oil inside the shell of the sensor. The field test is carried out on a pier of an elevated bridge, and the result is good, which verifies the practicability of the sensor.
Automating Global Threat-Maps Generation via Advancements of News Sensors and AI
Authors: Sufi Fahim K. , Alsulami Musleh , Gutub Adnan
Published: October 2022

Negative events are prevalent all over the globe round the clock. People demonstrate psychological affinity to negative events, and they incline to stay away from troubled locations. This paper proposes an automated geospatial imagery application that would allow a user to remotely extract knowledge of troubled locations. The autonomous application uses thousands of connected news sensors to obtain real-time news pertaining to all global troubles. From the captured news, the proposed application uses artificial intelligence-based services and algorithms like sentiment analysis, entity detection, geolocation decoder, news fidelity analysis, and decomposition tree analysis to reconstruct global threat maps representing troubled locations interactively. The fully deployed system was evaluated for full three months of summer 2021, during which the autonomous system processed above 22 k news from 2397 connected news sources involving BBC, CNN, NY Times, Government websites of 192 countries, and all possible major social media sites. The study revealed 11,668 troubled locations classified successfully with outstanding precision, recall, and F1-score, all evaluated in ubiquitous environment covering mobile, tablet, desktop, and cloud platforms. The system generated interesting global threat maps for robust scenario set of $$3.71 \times {10}^{29}$$

3.71
×

10

29

, to be reported as original fully autonomous remote sensing application of this kind. The research discloses attractive news and global threat-maps with trusted overall classification accuracy.