bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlock Large Potentials of Standard Mud Gas for Real-Time Fluid Typing
Authors:   Equinor ASA, Yang Tao , Uleberg Knut ,   Equinor ASA, Cely Alexandra ,   Equinor ASA, Yerkinkyzy Gulnar ,   Equinor ASA, Donnadieu Sandrine ,   Equinor ASA, Kristiansen Vegard Thom ,   Equinor ASA
Published: September 2022

Standard mud gas data is part of the basic mudlogging service and is mainly used for safety. Although the data is available for all wells, it is not used for real-time fluid typing due to poor prediction accuracy. We developed a new method recently based on a large in-house reservoir fluid database and significantly improved the fluid typing accuracy from standard mud gas data. The new technology unlocks the large potential of utilizing standard mud gas data for thousands of wells. The standard mud gas data has limited gas components that can be detected confidently (usually from C1 to C3). In addition, they are raw data without recycling correction and extraction efficiency correction. Following the traditional geochemical analysis methods, some key parameters (C1/C2, C1/C3, Bernard ratio) have a universal threshold to distinguish gas and oil. The main reasons for the poor fluid typing accuracy are due to 1) lacking C1 to C3 composition correction for wells with oil-based mud; 2) geochemical parameters based on C1-C3 are field dependent. Based on the reservoir fluid database analysis, we divide the reservoir fluids from different fields into two categories. For Type I fields, there are large differences between C1 to C3 component ratios for oil and gas. When water-based mud is used, C1 to C3 component ratios from standard mud gas can be utilized directly to identify oil and gas. When oil-based mud is used, we developed a new method to achieve corrected standard mud gas composition for fluid typing using pseudo extraction efficiency correction based on Equation of State. For Type II fields, there are severe overlapping of C1 to C3 component ratios for oil and gas. The overlapping is the main reason for the poor fluid typing accuracy. We recommend utilizing a heated degasser when drilling into Type II fields to provide additional data of C4 and C5 for accurate fluid typing. Johan Castberg is a Type I field, and we achieved excellent fluid typing results for 14 wells using water-based mud and oil-based mud. There is no additional data acquisition cost for standard mud gas data, which is available for all wells. The new method makes accurate fluid typing possible for real-time well decisions like well placement, completion, and sidetrack. The innovation created significant business opportunities based on the standard mud gas, which has been regarded as not applicable data for accurate fluid typing for many decades.
Real-Time Fluid Identification From Integrating Advanced Mud Gas and Petrophysical Logs
Authors:   Equinor ASA, Kopal Margarete , Yerkinkyzy Gulnar ,   Equinor ASA, Nygård Marianne Therese ,   Equinor ASA, Cely Alexandra ,   Equinor ASA, Ungar Frode ,   Equinor ASA, Donnadieu Sandrine ,   Equinor ASA, Yang Tao ,   Equinor ASA
Published: September 2022

Advanced mud gas logging has been used in the oil industry for about 25 years. However, it has been challenging to predict reservoir fluid properties quantitatively (e.g., gas oil ratio – GOR) from only the advanced mud gas data (AMG) while drilling. Yang et al. proposed the first accurate GOR predictive model in 2019 from advanced surface data based on a machine learning algorithm. Since then, the method has been applied to both conventional and unconventional fields with good results. For our Norwegian operational units, we are developing a real-time service for fluid identification to optimize fluid sampling in exploration wells and support production drilling. Here, quantitative information about reservoir fluids will support the teams to take wellinformed decisions with respect to well placement, petrophysical log interpretation, and optimizing production by improving the selection of perforation intervals. We utilize a standard wellbore software platform to integrate the following data for fluid identification: AMG data, various AMG QC tools, normalized total gas response, GOR prediction, and petrophysical logs from logging while drilling (LWD). The proposed work approach integrates the information from multiple disciplines and makes the real-time fluid identification task much more reliable for operational decisions. We selected two field cases to demonstrate the approach of integrating AMG data and petrophysical logs. The first field case is an exploration well with multiple reservoir zones planned as production targets. The integrated approach shows reservoir fluids from all reservoir zones are almost identical. Consequently, we reduced the sampling program and only sampled at the best reservoir zone for cost efficiency. The second field case is a mature field being produced by pressure support from water, gas or water alternating gas injections. When a new production well is drilled, there is always a question of whether it encounters any injection gas. We applied the new approach to several production wells and obtained satisfying result. The latest information from the predictive GOR model solved many puzzles in petrophysical interpretations. This paper presents a new approach for reservoir fluid identification by integrating advanced mud gas data and petrophysical logs while drilling. This new approach makes real-time operational adjustments possible based on reservoir fluid identification along the well. The business potential is significant for accurately mapping resources for in-fill wells, boosting profitability, and lowering carbon footprint.
Full-Waveform Inversion of Fiber-Optic VSP Data From Deviated Wells
Authors:   Schlumberger, Podgornova Olga , Bettinelli Pierre ,   Schlumberger, Liang Lin ,   Schlumberger, Le Calvez Joel ,   Schlumberger, Leaney Scott ,   SLRDC (formerly Schlumberger), Perez Marco ,   Parex (formerly Velvet), Soliman Ahmed ,   ENI
Published: September 2022

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology permits measuring the strain or strain rate along a fiber deployed in a well due to seismic wave propagation. In vertical seismic profiling (VSP) acquisitions where seismic waves are excited at the surface and measured by subsurface receivers in the well, the DAS serves as a fast alternative to a conventional geophone array. Like conventional multicomponent VSP velocity measurements, DAS VSP data contain information about the subsurface properties that are encoded in seismic events and attributes such as compressional and shear direct arrivals, reflections, converted modes, multiples, and amplitude and phase variations. These seismic data can be used to obtain elastic properties of the formation and characterize the reservoir. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) extracts the elastic properties of the formation from the seismic wavefield by minimizing the misfit between real measurements and synthetically modeled wavefields. The synthetically generated wavefields are obtained by solving partial differential equations that accurately model the physical phenomena of the real waveforms. For conventional geophone sensors, FWI is formulated for the particle velocity field. In this paper, we present a formulation of the modeling and inversion specifically for DAS measurements as an averaged strain along the fiber. The algorithm does not require converting the data to velocities. The gradient of the misfit function, by adjoint formulation, is a cross correlation in time of the forward propagated wavefield and backward-propagated residuals injected from the receivers. For conventional sensors, the residuals are injected as force terms but for DAS data, the residuals are averaged in space first and then injected as moment tensor sources with the radiation patterns determined by the well deviation. For multi-offset in-plane and out-of-plane VSP acquisitions, a 2D algorithm has been developed that inverts for a 2D distribution of elastic medium properties and includes 3D well deviation effects. This paper will present the results of applying the inversion to real multi-offset, highly out-of-plane VSP fiber data acquired in a deviated well. Simulations confirm that the well trajectory has considerable impact on the data amplitude and must be included in the modeling and inversion to reproduce amplitude variations. The inverted compressional and shear velocities agree well with the reference model based on sonic data. Another real data example is a multi-offset walk-above acquisition where a targeted domain is located below a deviated portion of the well. The inversion matches reflections and produces an image in the target area.
Locating Microseismic Events and Determining Spatial Uncertainty Using 1C DAS Fiber Optic Strain Measurements or a Combination of 1C (DAS) and 3C (Geophones)
Authors:   Schlumberger, Le Calvez Joël , Mizuno Takashi ,   Schlumberger, Wilson Colin ,   Schlumberger, Bettinelli Pierre ,   Schlumberger, Fundytus Nicholas ,   Schlumberger
Published: September 2022

In typical downhole-acquired microseismic monitoring surveys, three-component (3C) sensor arrays are generally wireline conveyed, offering between five to around one hundred sensors often evenly spaced over a specific interval. Those 3C sensors are point receivers that typically measure particle velocity or acceleration. On the other hand, fiber-optic based acquisition uses the entire length of the fiber cable as a series of 1C sensors to measure the finite strain along the fiber. This allows the user to have great control over the interval for strain measurement, known as the gauge length. Conventional downhole microseismic processing requires compressional (P) and shear (S) wave arrival times along with polarization to constrain microseismic event location (hypocenter) in 3D. Since 1C sensors provide no polarization information, Distributed Acousting Sensing (DAS)–geophone hybrid systems can be considered for deployment; thus, combining the strength of each individual system (i) 3C of downhole sensors for accurate hypocenter determination and (ii) large array aperture of the sensitive fiber. A migrationbased method is a practical option to estimate hypocenters. We implement a migration-based approach for the 1C-DAS – 3C-geophone hybrid system to determine hypocenters without time-picks. Such a hybrid system minimizes event location uncertainty thanks to the long aperture of the fiber array and the polarization information provided by the geophones. In our synthetic as well as real field case studies, we observe a reduction in event location uncertainty when combining both acquisition methods vs. when relying on a traditional 3C-geophone array only. In some cases, 3C sensors are not an option and only 1C sensors can be deployed. For such configurations, we quantify the uncertainty of microseismic event location using a DAS-only system with synthetic microseismic data taking information availability and varying well configurations into account. Depth of event and distance from the well are sufficiently constrained even with a single monitoring well. While azimuth uncertainty is reduced in the dual-well configuration compared to single well, independent azimuthal information is still required to locate the microseismic event in the 3D space. This condition is also true when monitoring from a lateral well. 3D event location can be achieved using three monitoring wells without any constraints. If only downhole wells are used, one needs to consider three vertical wells or one vertical well and one lateral well to best minimize location uncertainty. Otherwise, assumptions need to be made, particularly in relation to the azimuth of events from the well.
Improving Reservoir Exposure in Thin Heterogeneous Carbonera Formation With the New Multilayer Mapping-While-Drilling Technology: A Case Study
Authors:   Schlumberger, Kovarskiy Egor , Cuadros Guillermo ,   Schlumberger, Snovida Zoriana ,   Schlumberger, Beltran Eliana ,   Schlumberger, Mirto Ettore ,   Schlumberger
Published: September 2022

Geological uncertainties and operational risks are factors which, when not addressed properly, can jeopardize the results of a horizontal drilling campaign. However, with the use of modern multilayer mapping geosteering technologies, the success rate of such projects can be greatly improved. This paper focuses on dealing with geosteering challenges faced in the Carbonera formation of Llanos basin in Colombia. It is one of the most important reservoirs in Colombia and is largely developed through horizontal drilling with more than 90 horizontal wells drilled in the last 12 months. This reservoir is characterized by thinness, heterogeneity, presence of the oil-water contact (OWC), and lateral discontinuity. Moreover, a considerable amount of iron carbonate in the upper part of this formation presents an additional challenge during the landing phase, since it requires arriving to the formation top at the maximum possible angle to avoid bouncing the bottomhole assembly (BHA) back into the siderite levels located above the target. This case study shows how the use of a new multilayer mapping-while-drilling technology helped increase net-to-gross ratio and reduce the risk of unproductive drilling in the Carbonera formation. The improvement is achieved through the addition of new deep bulk resistivity and anisotropy measurements to the set of electromagnetic measurement used in legacy bed boundary mapping logging-while-drilling (LWD) technologies. This enriched set of curves incorporated into a novel deterministic inversion algorithm enables an enhanced layer continuity with higher resolution boundary mapping and double depth of detection. This increase in resolution and depth of detection leads to highly accurate geosteering in those shallow reservoirs. It is demonstrated that well placement optimization in the Carbonera formation is achieved during both landing and horizontal drilling phases. The gain in depth of detection allows detecting the formation top earlier when landing and avoiding stopping drilling prematurely due to discontinuities of target layer, thus increasing reservoir exposure. In turn, higher resolution capability helps to better control well trajectory with respect to OWC position, which consequently increases net-to-gross ratio and reduce the risk of unproductive drilling. Obtained experience can be expanded to other fields with similar needs for geosteering optimization.
Vendor-Independent Stochastic Inversion Models of Azimuthal Resistivity LWD Data, Case Studies From the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors:   ROGII Inc, Nemuschenko Danil , Zaputlyaeva Alexandra ,   ROGII Inc, Sviridov Mikhail ,   ROGII Inc, Kuvaev Igor ,   ROGII Inc
Published: September 2022

Drilling horizontal wells in complex formations is always a challenging task. The development of deep and ultra-deep azimuthal resistivity tools has largely improved the accuracy of the wellbore placement in the target zone. The enhanced imaging provided by the stochastic inversion of the azimuthal resistivity data can be applied for mapping both the internal reservoir structure and fluid contacts in the field. Major oil and gas service companies provide the operator with azimuthal resistivity tools and develop their own algorithms for resistivity data processing. Commonly services companies process azimuthal resistivity data internally. We have developed a vendor-independent stochastic inversion method that is applicable to almost any deep-azimuthal resistivity tools. This module allows operators to carry out real-time geosteering, as well as pre-job and post-job data analyses independently from the service company. This paper demonstrates the examples of the azimuthal resistivity data interpretation using synthetic data and actual data from the well offshore Norway. Calculated inversion models, based on actual data, allowed mapping of the oil-water contact and discontinuities in the reservoir that take place at the resistivity contrast boundaries. The application of this technology can increase the percentage of the horizontal well in the pay zone while letting the operator cut drilling costs through optimizing bottom hole assembly and use more advanced interpretation practices.
IDEOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF THE “NATURAL SCIENCES” CONCEPT IN THE MID-1950S SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DECEMBRIST MOVEMENT
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Kamenev Evgeny V.
Published: September 2022

The article examines culturally determined meanings of the “natural sciences” concept in the mid-1950s Soviet historiography of the Decembrists. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is connotative semiotics, developed by the French semiologist Roland Barthes. It is shown that the concept of natural sciences in the Soviet historiography of Decembrism has not only a direct denotative meaning, referring to the activity of obtaining verified knowledge about nature. This concept within the Soviet culture of the mid-20th century had an additional connotative semantic level. The narrative of Soviet historians about the study of nature by members of secret societies connoted, within the Soviet cultural code, the idea of the undoubted revolutionary nature of the Decembrists. Thanks to these connotations, the main goal of the Soviet historical narrative was achieved — the confirmation of Lenin’s thesis about the Decembrists as the first Russian revolutionaries who started the work that the Bolsheviks had completed. The study of the connotative semantics of the concept of natural sciences based on the semiotic approach allows us to speak about the mechanism of the conceptualization of Decembrism in Soviet historiography. Conceptualization was carried out at the level of a secondary sign system due to intertextual connections. The historical narrative through the signs of the active subject, applied aspect of natural science research, materialism, enlightenment, atheism was correlated with texts precedent for Soviet culture. Due to these correlations, the story about the Decembrists acquired an additional semantic level. The theoretical and methodological apparatus of semiotics is quite applicable to the history of concepts, since it allows reading semantics at all levels of the text — both denotative and connotative. Semiotics provides precise tools for analyzing the semantics of concepts in the context of their parent culture.
HISTORICAL, ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES FEATURES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF EKATERINBURG (LATE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURY)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Mazur Ludmila N.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the demographic dynamics of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk based on the population censuses. As an additional source for the 1959 census, not only official results were used, but also a database compiled on the basis of census forms preserved in the archive. Changes in the sex and age structure of the population, as well as in the national composition, were studied. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the features of family-marital behavior and related processes: nuptiality, fertility, and divorcement. Based on the analysis of time series, the main stages of the demographic transition were clarified, and their specificity was characterized. A feature of the demographic transition of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk was an extended initial stage, which took a total of about 100 years; the rapid turning point of the second stage (1940–1950s), associated with the establishing of the model of simple reproduction; and a long third stage (1960–2010s), when the main trend associated with the aging of the population is smoothed out due to the influx of migrants from labor-surplus regions. The role of external migration in maintaining the high growth rates of the city’s population should be emphasized. Among the factors that determined the demographic processes, we also considered the administrative resource, which contributed to the development of the city’s economy and formed a demand for population growth.
BUDGET INEQUALITY IN THE USSR IN THE 1950S–1980S
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Bakanov Sergey A.
Published: September 2022

The article aims at identifying the scale of budget inequality in the USSR in the 1950s–1980s between the union republics and the regions of the RSFSR. The sources of the research were: published statistical collections of the USSR State Statistics Committee, materials of the RSFSR Ministry of Finance and indicators of regional budgets published in the central press. The methodology of the work was based on the calculation of the main indicators of descriptive statistics for each set of regions and for each year of observation. The author comes to the conclusion that budget inequality was present both at the level of the Union republics and at the level of the regions. It manifested itself in the fact that the difference between budget expenditures per capita could reach 2.9 times at the level of the union republics and up to 6 times at the level of the regions of the RSFSR. However, at different levels of the budgetary system, this inequality had different dynamics. At the republican level, we can talk about a certain convergence of the 1950s–1960s, when budget inequality declined. But since the 1970s this trend was replaced by divergence. The growth of budget inequality between the republics became especially noticeable in the second half of the 1980s. At the regional level, budgetary expenditures tended to level out throughout the period under review. However, a noticeable gap between the “rich” and “poor” regions remained, and by 1989, it reached 5.5 times.
“DIARY OF AN INORODTSY MISSIONARY”: LIFE OF THE KASLI BASHKIR ORPHANAGE INMATES IN THE NOTES OF AN ORTHODOX CLERGYMAN
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Вranch of the RAS, Dashkevich Ludmila A.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes educational activities of the Kasli Bashkir Orphanage, established in 1891 by the Ekaterinburg Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society. The source for the analysis was the “Diary of an inorodtsy missionary”, published in 1911–1913 in the diocesan newspaper. The diary’s author is Archpriest Alexander Stepanovich Miropolsky, who was educated at the missionary department of the Kazan Theological Academy. On the basis of the priest’s diary, the strategy of his educational and missionary activity is determined. Miropolsky, like many other missionaries, was confident in the beneficial power of Christian ideas, the truth of which he tried to convey to the Orphanage inmates. In polemical conversations with Bashkir children, he tried to refute the notion that had developed in the Muslim environment about Christianity as superstition and polytheism and to prove the inconsistency of Islam. The results of Miropolsky’s polemical missionary work among the pupils were minor. His diary tells of only one case of the conversion of a Bashkir teenager to Christianity. It is revealed that the Orthodox clergy of the Ekaterinburg diocese pursued a very cautious policy towards the Muslims of the region. Despite the general line of Russification and Christianization of non-Russian peoples and the sharpness of polemical rhetoric, no coercive actions were allowed to convert Bashkir children to Orthodoxy. The Kasli Bashkir Orphanage can be attributed to the acculturation model of an educational institution. Its inmates were introduced to Russian culture, preserving the identity and faith of their fathers.
PROMOTING OF ANTI-RABIES VACCINATIONS AS A CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL TRANSFER OF PASTEUR’S METHOD TO RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE “NIVA” WEEKLY JOURNAL)
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Вranch of the RAS, Golikova Svetlana V.
Published: September 2022

The article deals with promoting of knowledge of anti-rabies vaccinations as the channel of dissemination of bacteriology achievements. This cultural practice became one of the conditions for the transfer to Russia of the rabies immunoprophylaxis developed in 1885 by L. Pasteur. The analysis by means of social and psychological approach of publications in “Niva” (the illustrated weekly journal) showed that this popular magazine was focused not on scientific search, but on its ready-made product, trying to abstain from the presentation of logical proofs and arguments. The most common forms of the journal content were: data on emergence of Pasteur stations and institutes — the materialized result of introduction of an innovation — and visualization of these objects, medical statistics, the appeal to authorities of the famous scholars and heads of states encouraging the French bacteriologist with awards and money. The weekly sought to form in the potential consumer of the vaccine an idea not so much about vaccinations in general (after immunization against smallpox, this was a passed stage), but about the specifics of anti-rabies vaccination, which was characterized by a course of numerous vaccinations, post-exposure vaccination, the use not of a lancet (as in smallpox vaccination), but injections. In addition, the weekly provided its reader with information important for assimilation of this transfer knowledge: on attenuation of microorganisms (in case of rabies, the weakening of the pathogen virulence was achieved by drying), on disinfection and sterilization, on the value of animal producers (rabbits) and laboratory animals for the emerging immunobiological industry.
FROM “THE GOLDEN VALLEY” TO “THE SILICON TAIGA”: VECTORS OF CULTURAL MEMORY
Authors:   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Zaporozhchenko Galina M. , Shelegina Olga N. ,   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the RAS
Published: September 2022

A new transdisciplinary direction “memory studies” is actively developing in the world science. The study of the memory phenomenon is conducted in a socio-cultural context. The historiographical analysis shows the need to expand specific research in accordance with the “memorial turn”. The authors reconstruct cultural practices and determine the vectors of cultural memory in Novosibirsk Akademgorodok in the second half of the 20th — first quarter of the 21st century, they considers the role of cultural memory for the synergy and harmony of technological and socio-cultural spheres of society, which determines the novelty of the work. Вy the beginning of the 21st century cultural practices of Early Akademgorodok have formed dynamic socio-cultural complexes: toponymic, memorial-monumental, heritage, intellectual-leisure, attractive, eventful. They are dynamic vectors of cultural memory of the landmark “Novosibirsk Akademgorodok”. The prospects of the research are connected with the social necessity of socio-cultural support for the promotion of the “Akademgorodok 2.0” mega-project with due regard for historical experience and synthesis of images of the nostalgic past and the predicted future — from the “golden valley” to the “silicon taiga”.
REQUIEM FOR THE STATE — SOCIETY PARADIGM
Authors:   National University of General San Martín, Ingerflom Claudio S.
Published: September 2022

R. Koselleck laid down and developed the foundations of understanding history as a process in the plural. Begriffsgeschichte is not just a history of concepts. Conceptual history suggests research work, which is based on the theory of historical times and vice versa, the theory, constantly tested by specific historical research. From these positions, the author of this article emphasizes the irrelevance of the evolutionist and teleological paradigms used within the framework of the positivist approach to studying history. It is noted that already from the first third of the 19th century the study of the history of each country was carried out in the context of the “state — society” opposition. This led to the transformation of the concepts formed in the era of modernity into analytical categories for reading earlier sources and modern interpretation of the distant past. There are two reasons for the existence of such a view of history: 1) political — aimed at artificially creating a long genealogy of the state, which was used by dictatorial regimes that want to give themselves a strong historical legitimacy; 2) epistemological, which is the result of an incorrect identification of word and concept. This confusion is based on the assumption that words represent ideas which contain a permanent semantic core, that is, ideas can adapt to change, but the core does not change. This attitude, according to the author, leads to a cognitive impasse. A vivid illustration of this situation is the use of the phrases “feudal state” or “state of the Middle Ages”, in the time of which the very word state (estado, état) meant “dignity”, “status” and could have other connotations, but did not have the meaning it acquired when it became a concept meaning a legal and political order based on popular sovereignty, representation, equality and other phenomena born of the French Revolution. In Russia, the meaning of the concept of “state” changed at the end of the 18th century with the simultaneous coexistence of the previous patrimonialist semantics inherent in both the term “sovereign” and the actual functioning of the Russian Imperial system. This traditional semantics was also present in the 20th century both in the imperial family and among the people. Consequently, the historian must take into account both the repeatability of structures and the uniqueness of events. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to identify the coexistence of different temporalities, the modernity of what is not modern, and to avoid division into diachrony and synchrony. It is this approach that best reflects the main heuristic value of Koselleck’s theory of historical times for concrete historical research.
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE TERM “POLITICHNYY” IN 18TH CENTURY RUSSIA: TOWARDS THE PREHISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF CIVILIZATION
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Вranch of the RAS, Kiselev Mikhail A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the prehistory of the emergence in the Russian political language of such an important concept for the European culture of the Modern times as civilization. In view of the historiography, the article focuses on the adjective politichnyy. In the language of Muscovy in the 16th–17th centuries, the notion of barbarians was mainly used to mean “non-Christian peoples” for whom Christians were contrasted. In the second half of the 17th century, ideas according to which barbarism was associated with a lack of knowledge and science, as well as manners, were introduced to Russia and later adopted by the elite. From this position, Russia was seen, above all, as a barbarous country. With the successes of Peter the Great reforms and the advances in the European knowledge, Russia’s status as a politichnyy nation began to be recognized, which was officially proclaimed in 1721. By the first quarter of the 19th century, the adjective politichnyy stopped being used to describe the stage of a nation’s development which opposed to barbarism. Politichnyy was used to mean “courteous”. This was due to the fact that the politichnyy stage, perceived as external assimilation of manners and knowledge, was absorbed by the idea of enlightenment, which implied interiorization of assimilated knowledge and a corresponding change in human behavior.
formação identitária docente na educação profissional e as narrativas formadoras
Authors: Bruna Duarte Ferreira Frohmut  , Elda Gonçalves Nemer  , Rodrigo Avella Ramirez
Published: September 2022

O processo de significação da identidade docente e a formação do professor da educação profissional constituem o objeto deste estudo. Com o objetivo de identificar como os professores significam a sua identidade docente e sua formação docente, esse estudo foi guiado pela seguinte questão: qual a possibilidade de as narrativas formadoras serem utilizadas como instrumento na formação docente? O método descritivo exploratório com uma revisão bibliográfica foi usado para o desenvolvimento deste estudo aliado com a pesquisa narrativa que também foi adotada como eixo metodológico com professores que atuam no ensino técnico de cursos que pertencem ao eixo tecnológico de controle e processos industriais de uma Escola Técnica Estadual em São Paulo. A análise dos dados coletados revela que as narrativas formadoras podem auxiliar no processo de significação da identidade docente, bem como na sua formação profissional.
Digestive system of the hepatotrematode Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha Ejsmont, 1932 (Plathelminthes, Trematoda): morphofunctional organization, histological and histochemical features to adaptive specialization
Authors: Manikovskaya N. S. , Nacheva L. V.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the morphofunctional organization, histological and histochemical features of the digestive system of the marita Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, which provide adaptation to parasitism in the endostasis – the liver Alces alces.Materials and methods. Mature specimens of the trematode P. fasciolaemorpha (Ejsmont, 1932) collected from the bile ducts of the Alces alces liver served as the material. Maritas were fixed in 70 and 80% alcohols, Schaffer alcohol-formalin 1 : 9, and 10% neutral formalin. Histological stains: with hematoxylin-eosin and by the Mallory method, followed by additional staining of the nuclei with Orta lithium carmine. Histochemical stains: sublimate-bromophenol blue according to Bonheg, Schick reaction according to McManus with additional staining of nuclei with Mayer's hemalaune, alcian blue according to Steedman and Mowry (pH 3.0 and 2.2) and toluidine blue (pH 2.0-5.0).Results and discussion. Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha (Ejsmont, 1932) is the most pathogenic hepatoparasite of Alces alces L. The study of the features of the morphological organization of the digestive system as one of the border systems of the organism of the parasite revealed a number of features: the muscles of the large oral sucker contain many total proteins, which is confirmed by intense bromophenolophilia; in the thickness of the sucker wall there are small secretory cells and neurosecretory cells with abundant alcian- and toluidinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm; the presence of single and grouped digestive glands located in the parenchyma at the junction of the prepharynx to the pharynx, and on the border between the pharynx and the esophagus; in the apical part of the intestinal epithelium, a “brush border” is formed, the thin microvilli of which contribute to an increase in the working surface of parietal digestion in P. fasciolaemorpha, enhancing the trophic processes of the helminth to survive in the body owner. The revealed histological and histochemical features of the parafasciolopsis digestive system can be considered as examples of adaptive specialization at the site of endostasis.
Effects of Eimeria stiedae parasitism in the liver of rabbits on blood parameters and histoarchitecture of organs
Authors: Stafford V. V.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the parasitism effects on clinical parameters of laboratory animals.Materials and methods. The venous blood of 20 rabbits aged 1 year was taken to perform biochemical and general blood tests, for which purpose hematological analyzers were used. The animals were dissected using the Shor’s method. The topography of the organ complex was evaluated, and pathological material was collected and placed to 10% buffered formalin. For pathomorphological examination, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney samples were taken. To determine the histological pattern, paraffin-embedded samples on Thermo Scientific semi-automatic equipment were used. Histologic specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histoarchitecture of the specimens was evaluated using an Axio A1.0 microscope, and photography was conducted with the AxioVision software.Results and discussion. The article presents the data of the general and biochemical blood tests of the blood from the rabbits intended to be used in the experiment. Further, the pathoanatomical picture of the liver was shown in animals infected with Eimeria spp., and the histological pattern was presented for parenchymal organs. We found that the main biochemical values that exceeded reference values were liver values, namely, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. We also observed an increase in monocytes and granulocytes in the blood. Pathological and anatomical changes were only expressed in the liver, while no changes in the macro pattern were observed in other organs. Histological examination of parenchymal organs showed a significant pathology in the liver due to endogenous stages of oocysts occurred in its structure. Additionally, we observed a strong eosinophil response in the spleen and a high content of eosinophils in the pulmonary veins.
The elimination period of ivermectin residuals from the body of broiler chickens after Iverbutan
Authors: Indyuhova E. N. , Arisov M. V.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the elimination period of Ivermectin residuals after three oral administrations of Iverbutan to broiler chickens.Materials and methods. For the experiment, 18 broiler chickens aged 28 days were selected. The birds were kept in the conditions of the Podolsk Experimental Production Department of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV. Iverbutan contains 0.4% of ivermectin and 10.0% of butaphosphan as active substances. The drug was administered orally by the group method at the rate of 1.0 mL of Iverbutan per 1 Liter of drinking water. Iverbutan was given three times: twice with a 24-hour interval and once after 14 days. The birds were killed and samples of their organs and tissues were taken at 9, 14, and 19 days after the drug was administered three times. Organs and tissues of each following type were collected from 6 birds: muscles, liver, kidneys, and skin with subcutaneous adipose tissue. The technique was based on the determination of Ivermectin by high performance liquid chromatography with modified pre-column accomplished with N-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride, followed by fluorescence detection. The quantification was performed by the internal standardization.Results and discussion. The period was studied for elimination of Ivermectin residuals from the chickens’ body after the drug was administered three times. The residuals that exceed the maximum allowable levels were determined at 9 and 14 days after the drug was completed. It was found that the chickens’ organs and tissues did not contain Ivermectin at 19 days. Thus, poultry meat can be used for food at 19 days after Iverbutan is administered three times.
Study of the acute toxicity and cumulative properties of the combined drug based on imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and moxidectin
Authors: Tochieva O. N. , Arisov M. V.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is the study of acute oral and dermal toxicity, and cumulative properties of the combined drug based on imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and moxidectin on mice and rats.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted as provided by the Guidelines of the State PharmacologicalCommittee, in the VNIIP – FSC VIEV vivarium in 2021. We studied the acute oral and dermal toxicity, as well as cumulative properties of the combined drug in the form of a solution for external use that contains imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and moxidectin as active substances. Outbred male mice and male rats were used in studying toxicological characteristics of the drug. General methods were used in studying the acute oral toxicity in the mice and rats, acute dermal toxicity in the rats and cumulative properties of the prototype product in the mice.Results and discussion. The LD 50 of the prototype product was 800 mg/kg of the animal weight when administered orally to the mice, and 2520±916.7 mg/kg, to the rats. Subject to the established median lethal doses, the drug was classified as the 3rd hazard class according to the general hygienic classification (GOST 12.1.007-76). When studying the acute dermal toxicity in the rats, the LD50 of the drug exceeded the maximum possible dose of 10,000 mg/kg. According to the general hygienic classification (GOST 12.1.007-76), the drug was classified as the 4th hazard class. The accumulation factor was 8.25, in which case the drug can be classified as the group of substances with weak cumulative activity.
The effect of Farmayod on nematodes of different trophic groups in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Konrat A. N. , Novik T. S. , Shesteperov A. A.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of Farmayod on nematodes of different trophic groups, including rootknot nematode larvae, in vitro and in vivo.Materials and methods. The object of the research were larvae of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita obtained from the roots of infected plants from the Vladimir Region. The study of the effect of Farmayod in three concentrations was carried out in laboratory, using the biotest method on pumpkin plants. The effect of liquid Farmayod on the viability of nematodes of different trophic groups was studied in vitro and in vivo.Results and discussion. Liquid 0.1% Farmayod showed phytotoxicity, and not a single plant germinated. The drug in the form of a 0.01% solution showed phytotoxicity but to a lesser extent. The root system was less developed (60%) than in the control. The plant height was also 15% less. Farmayod at a concentration of 0.01% did not have phytotoxicity and reduced meloidoginosis versus the control. The biological efficacy of such dose was 56% higher, and the plant height was 30% more. The drug at a concentration of 0.01% had no effect on the plants damaged by meloidoginosis due to its phytotoxicity and poorly developed root system of the plants versus the control. Thus, at low concentrations, Farmayod acts on plants as a trace element necessary for plant vegetation, which affected the size of the plant. On the other hand, it can significantly reduce the infection of pumpkin roots with root-knot nematodes. Since this concentration is not toxic to nematodes, it can be assumed that the drug affects the nematode indirectly through the plant.
Prophylactic efficacy of drugs against equine piroplasmidosis in Gorny Altai
Authors: Marchenko V. A. , Rar V. A. , Biryukov I. V.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the prophylactic efficacy of piroplasmicides and to elucidate the effect of prophylactic doses of Imidocarb Dipropionate on the pathogen viability.Materials and methods. Babezan 12% was intramuscularly injected to 150 horses based on the active substance of Imidocarb Dipropionate at 2.5 mg/kg of the body weight and Neosidin M was injected to 30 horses twice at a dose of 2.5 mL per 100 kg of the live weight with a 15-day interval. The control group of animals did not receive the drug. The clinical follow-up of the experimental and control animals’ condition was done for 72 days. Before the experiment and 14 days after the drugs, blood samples were examined by the nested PCR in the presence of genus-specific primers from the 18S rRNA gene sequence for the Babesia spp. / Theileria spp. DNA. Species identification and genotyping of the detected Piroplasma were performed by sequencing 18S rRNA gene fragments.Results and discussion. Among 12 examined horses, 8 animals (66.7%) had the Piroplasmida DNA found in the blood samples, of which 50.0% were identified as Theileria equi and 16.7% as Babesia caballi. A high T. equi DNA prevalence (over 50.0%) indicates an endemic course of equine theileriosis. Babesan 12% in early chemotherapy of the horses helped to prevent the incidence of theileriosis within 48 and 59 days. Double chemotherapy of the horses with Neosidin M with a 15-day interval prevented the morbidity for 52 days. Babesan 12% at the preventive dose had no effect on the viability of persistent T. equi stages.
Accountability e governo eletrônico no contexto da Covid-19
Authors: Ferreira Polito Robson , Santos de Oliveira Bruno , César Gomes da Rocha Bruno
Published: September 2022

Em um contexto de emergência de saúde de nível internacional, a questão da interação do accountability, das ferramentas de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações (TIC) e da participação social se torna fundamental para a manutenção da estrutura democrática e norte de atuação para o aparato estatal. Neste cenário, o presente artigo busca analisar se a iniciativa de utilização de sítio da internet pelo Departamento Penitenciário Nacional (Depen) se caracteriza como uma ferramenta de Governo Eletrônico e veículo de accountability e transparência, com participação social, no combate à COVID-19 no sistema prisional brasileiro.
MOTIVATION OF FARMER GROUP MEMBERS IN CULTIVATING ORGANIC VEGETABLES
Authors: Lantarsih Retno , Manggala Setyaji , Kadarso Kadarso , Subeni Subeni
Published: September 2022

The increasing demand for organic vegetables is a business opportunity. Organic farmer groups use this opportunity to supply organic vegetables in the Yogyakarta area. This study aims to determine farmers' motivation level in organic vegetable cultivation and the relationship between internal and external factors with farmer motivation. This research is descriptive. The study focused on the Tranggula Farmers Group and the Merapi Organic Farmers Group as farmer groups that supply organic vegetables in several supermarkets in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The analysis method uses class intervals and Spearman correlation. The motivations in this study include economic, social, and self-actualization motivations. The results showed that farmers' motivation for actualization is a priority in cultivating organic vegetables. There are 63.3% of farmers who have very high actualization motivation, 26.7% of farmers who have very high social motivation, and 16.7% of farmers who have a very high economic motivation. Farmers' motivation level in organic vegetable cultivation is in the high category of 60% and very high at 40%. The experience of farmers has a weak and contradictory relationship with the motivation of farmers to cultivate organic vegetables. Meanwhile, other internal factors, namely age, education, and external factors consisting of the provision of production facilities, assistance, and market guarantees, have no relationship with the motivation of farmers to cultivate organic vegetables.
What Drives the Association between Home Chaos and School Grades over Time? A Biometric Cross-Lagged Panel Approach
Authors: Starr Alexandra , Ruks Mirko , Weigel Lena , Riemann Rainer
Published: September 2022

Early exposure to home chaos relates to poor school performance. This is often interpreted as a causal influence in educational research, however underlying common genetic and environmental factors might affect both constructs, thus confound the effect. Genetics explain about 60% of variation in school performance, while (non-) shared environment constitutes the remaining variance. Also differences in home chaos – often considered an “environmental” factor – are partially influenced genetically. Thus, we investigate the presumed causal effect of home chaos on school grades, while controlling for genetic and environmental confounders. We analyzed longitudinal data on school grades and home chaos in the TwinLife study (twins aged 11 and 13). Applying a biometric cross-lagged model allowed us to combine variance decomposition with estimating stability, correlational and cross-lagged paths while controlling for genetic and environmental confounders. Results suggest that genetic confounding fully explains the effects of chaos on grades, also implying mechanisms of gene-environment interplay.