bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Истребление живого как зеркало человеческой души (на материале произведений Валентина Распутина)
Authors: Urban-Podolan Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Stosunek do śmierci zwierząt jako miernik człowieczeństwa(na podstawie utworów Walentina Rasputina)
W tekście przeanalizowano utwory Walentina Rasputina, w których stosunek bohaterów do śmierci zwierząt, śmierci, której są zarówno świadkami, jak i sprawcami, stanowi niejako miernik ich człowieczeństwa. Uwaga skupiona została przede wszystkim na utworach Продается медвежья шкура oraz Живи и помни. W pierwszym z nich mamy do czynienia z jednej strony z „uczłowieczeniem” zwierzęcia, który, tropiąc myśliwego, przejawia niespotykaną chęć zemsty oraz konsekwencję w dążeniu do celu, z drugiej – możemy zaobserwować ewolucję charakteru głównego bohatera od bezrefleksyjnego uśmiercania zwierząt w celach zarobkowych do całościowego postrzegania świata i przyrody, w którym każda żywa istota ma prawo do życia. Z kolei w drugim z utworów obserwujemy proces wprost przeciwny – moralną degradację człowieka, której świadectwo stanowi między innymi nieuzasadnione zabicie bezbronnego zwierzęcia. W kontekście rozważań o sakralnym charakterze przyrody obraz głównego bohatera można odczytywać także jako antyreligijny model zachowania człowieka.
O krzywdzie odbierania życia. Głosy wybrane
Authors: Gzyra Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Artykuł jest szkicowym ujęciem wybranych stanowisk filozoficznych związanych z etycznym problemem odbierania życia. Na podstawie prac i wypowiedzi Johna Sanbonmatsu, Petera Singera, Toma Regana i Elizabeth Harman, zostaje poddane analizie związek pomiędzy określeniem wartości życia a kwestią ciągłości w czasie indywidualnej tożsamości psychofizycznej jednostki (zwierzęcia, w tym człowieka) oraz zależność przyjmowania określonego stanowiska w kwestii dopuszczania zabijania od jego relacji do potocznych, powszechnych intuicji.
Impresje o godności zwierząt na przykładzie rozwiązań prawnych Szwajcarii
Authors: Więckowska Karolina
Published: January 2020

The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation does not only guarantee respect for human dignity, but it also states that dignity of living beings is to be respected and protected. This article presents the concept of the aforementioned dignity, followed by an indication of the sources of many interpretation problems which can be caused by this neologism. Furthermore, an attempt was made to answer the question, based on an analysis of the Animal Protection Act provisions, whether the recognition under the law that animals have dignity, will translate into their better treatment, guaranteeing them welfare or decent death. The article also shows the position of the Federal Court in relation to the concept of dignity based on the case of giving permission to carry out animal testing.
Canis lupus politicus – dyskurs polityczny związany z ochroną wilka we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Figura Michał , W. Mysłajek Robert
Published: January 2020

The authors analyse the political dialogue regarding wolf protection between pro-nature nongovernmental organizations, hunters and politicians in Poland. Despite strong pressure of hunting lobbies legal status of the wolf has changed significantly, from animal heavily persecuted after Second World War to species strictly protected in whole country since 1998. In 21st century opposition towards wolf protection is fuelled by hunters and politicians connected with them. The analysis shown that strong voice of non-governmental organizations is needed to sustain wolf protection in Poland.
المثلّث الرحمات المطران ألكسندروس جحا (1886_1968): حياته ومذكراته
Authors: Jeha Diana
Published: January 2020

يتناول بحثنا إعادة إحياء ذكرى المثلّث الرحمات المطران ألكسندروس جحى. كما يتناول سيرة حياته وبعض مذكّراته خلال الرحلة التي قام بها إلى روسيا عام 1945 ، لمناسبة انتخاب بطريرك موسكو وكل الرّوسيا ألكسي الأول. سنتطرّق، في هذا البحث، إلى مراحل سفر المثلّث الرحمات المطران جحى إلى روسيا مع أعضاء وفد بطريرك انطاكية وسائر المشرق، ومدى العلاقة الوطيدة بينهم وبين بطريركيّة روسيا. كما سنورد بعض الخطابات التي ألقاها المطران جحى.
Saint Jean Chrysostome arabe. Histoire de la traduction et réception (1)
Authors: Ibrahim Habib
Published: January 2020

Les premières traductions des oeuvres de Jean Chrysostome virent le jour dans les milieux monastiques palestiniens et sinaïtiques vers le 9e siècle. Mais ce n’est qu’à partir du 11e siècle qu’une « mission » de traduire toute oeuvre attribuée à Chrysostome fut mise en place. À cet effet, Antoine higoumène de Saint-Siméon-le-jeune près d’Antioche traduisit la Vie de Jean Chrysostome du Pseudo-Georges d’Alexandrie. Le même traduisit les deux Commentaires sur les évangiles selon Matthieu et Jean. À la même époque ʿAbd Allāh Ibn al-Faḍl traduisit les Commentaires sur la Genèse et les épîtres aux Romains et Hébreux. Les traductions se succédèrent jusqu’aux époques modernes, une tentative de rendre toute oeuvre chrysostomienne ou pseudochrysostomienne accessible au lecteur arabophone. La présente étude est une liste exhaustive de toutes ces traductions.
The Effect of Digital Unsecured Loans and DTI Ratio on Risk-Taking Behavior
Authors: Pachlevi Fachmi , Sopacua, Ivana Oktarina
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to examined the effect of digital unsecured loans and DTI ratio on changes in risk-taking behavior of the household sectros. Increasing of P2P lending is clearly unstoppable in Indonesia. Digital unsecured loans success to simplify credit process, because online-based credit aplication. However, these simply process are followed by high-interest rate. Many people apply for credit without considering risk. The convenience of digital unsecured loans making people forget about high annual percentage rate. Finally, occur increase potential bad loans in the household sectros. Collection of data was carried out through experiments 2 x 2 factorial design. The results shows that digital unsecured loans increases risk-taking behavior of household sectors. DTI ratio also can be used as an internal control of household sectors to prevent increased risk-taking behavior
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UMUTSUZLUK NEDENLERİ
Authors: ZAFER Cem
Published: January 2020

Bireylerin geleceğe dair düşünceleri soyut yapılar olarak görülse de bireyin yaşamı üzerinde mevcut zaman dilimi içinde ve ileriki dönemler konusunda oldukça etkilidir. Nitekim bireylerin geleceğe umutla bakmaları, bu zaman dilimine yönelik planlamalar yapmaları, hedefler belirlemeleri ve bunlara ulaşmak için çabalamalarını doğurmaktadır ki bu da motivasyon faktörünün umutla arttığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte yine geleceğe dair umut besleyen insanların, içinde bulunduğu zaman diliminden daha fazla haz aldığı ve hayata daha sıkı sarıldığı da belirtilmektedir. Bunun aksine umutsuzluğa kapılan bireyler ise geleceğe dair plan, program, hedef vb. belirlemediği gibi bu noktadaki motivasyon seviyesi açısından da oldukça yetersizlerdir. Bu husus da umutsuz bireylerin kişiliklerini ve bunun beraberinde sosyal ilişkilerini olumsuz etkilemektedir.Bu doğrultuda hazırlanan çalışmada, üniversite, cinsiyet, olumsuz durumlar, geleceğe dair planlama yapma ve ekonomik durum değişkenlerinden hareketle umut – umutsuzluk düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bu hususların kadın – erkek cinsiyetleri üzerinden de değerlendirilmesi ile umutlu olma durumundaki bireysel farklılıklar tanımlayıcı istatistikler üzerinden incelenmiştir.
DAMPAK FRAKSINASI DOSIS PAPARAN RADIASI TERHADAP INSULIN LEVELS PANKREAS PASCA IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Utami Linda Sekar , Sabaryati Johri
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKPaparan radiasi gamma pada sel dapat membahayakan materi biologis atau komponen-komponen penyusun sel seperti DNA, membran protein dan lipid, dimana hal ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan bahkan kematian sel. Kerusakan sel akibat paparan radiasi berkaitan erat dengan adanya interaksi sel dengan radikal bebas yang dihasilkan akibat daya ionisasi sinar gamma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui dampak fraksinasi dosis paparan radiasi terhadap insulin levels pankreas pasca iradiasi sinar gamma. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok ; kontrol sehat (K0), kontrol negatif (K-) dan kontrol positif (K+).  Pemberian paparan radiasi dilakukan secara fraksinasi dengan 100 rad per fraksi hingga dosis maksimal dari kelompok perlakuan. Pengukuran level insulin dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ELISA indirect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksinasi dosis paparan radiasi mampu menurunkan level insulin, dimana level insulin cenderung mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan dosis radiasi. Kata kunci : Radiasi Gamma, Radikal Bebas, Level Insulin. ABSTRACTExposure to gamma radiation on cell harmfull biological material or constituent components of cells such as DNA, proteins and lipid membranes. If this was happened, it can lead to damage and cell death. Cells damage was caused by radiation exposure related to free radicals as a product when the interaction was happened. The objectives of this research were to determine effects of gamma radiation dose fractination in insulin levels after exposured.  Thirty fives mice were used in this research.  They were divided into three group : normal (K0), control (K-) and radiation (K+). Exposure of gamma radiation is given fractionally with 100 rad per fraction up to the maximum dose of the treatment group. Insulin levels was measured by indirect ELISA methods. The results showed that fractionation of radiation dose can reducing an insulin levels, in which insulin levels tended to decrease with the addition of radiation dose.
Проєвропейський обранець на президентських виборах в Австрії (2016)
Authors: Семенко Віталій
Published: January 2020

В статті досліджуються чергові президентські вибори в Австрійській Республіці, які відбулися 4 грудня 2016 р., та завершилися перемогою відомого лідера Партії Зелених Олександра Ван дер Беллена, який займає чітку проєвропейську позицію та дотримується ліберальної позиції стосовно міграції та права біженців. Детально проаналізовано основні результати, висновки видатних політологів, експертів, які займалися дослідженням президентських виборів у Австрії. Детально проаналізовано основні повноваження, функції федерального президента. Виявлено специфічні особливості риси президентських виборів 2016 р., які відбувалися на тлі глобальних світових потрясінь, проєвропейських, проросійських та євроскептичних настроїв австрійського населення.
Співпраця законодавчої та виконавчої гілок державної влади в контексті сучасної політичної системи України
Authors: Репецька Анастасія
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто напрями співпраці законодавчої і виконавчої гілок державної влади в сучасній Україні в контексті політичної системи. Дослідивши співпрацю цих двох вищих органів влади в Україні, автор робить висновок, про необхідність конституційної корекції установчої функції парламенту, зокрема про потребу змін у сфері повноважень законодавчої влади щодо процесу формування виконавчої влади. При цьому автор зазначає, що зміни, які повинні відбутися, слід відобразити на найвищому конституційному рівні.
Події 1914-1922 років в Україні: їх сенс та історичне значення
Authors: Макар Віталій , Макар Юрій , Семенко Віталій , Стецюк Андрій
Published: January 2020

З огляду на чисельні наукові дискусії, а подекуди і відверті ідеологічні маніпуляції, які домінували у радянській науці і переслідували мету дискредитації українського національного руху та української державності взагалі, започатковуємо публікацію найсуттєвіших документів, які характеризують стан та поступ української справи на початку ХХ ст. Розпочинаємо з першого тому однойменного чотиритомника документів, виданого зусиллями одного з засновників Інституту імені В’ячеслава Липинського у США - професора Віденського університету Теофіла Горникевича. Ми вибрали 12 документів, які хронологічно охоплюють час від 15 серпня 1914 року до 25 березня 1918 року і відтворюють бачення української проблеми правлячими колами Австро-Угорщини і Німеччини, а також зусилля українських громадсько-політичних діячів, спрямовані на виборювання незалежності України. Зокрема розкриваються бачення українськими духовними, світськими та військовими колами проблем, які стояли перед ними в умовах Першої світової війни; звіти про економічну та політичну ситуацію в Україні; взаємини українських національних та різних соціальних сил з більшовиками; плани Австро-Угорщини та Німеччини щодо України. Оскільки документи вибрані нами з різних частин книги, ми зберегли їх порядкові номери. Порядкові номери сторінок вказані в квадратних дужках після тексту. Мова, стилістика оформлення заголовків та підписів, курсив та виділення тексту зберігаються. Також, для зручності можливого їх використання зацікавленими особами подаємо перед ними список скорочень в оригіналі.
Political and military activities of states in the struggle for belonging of Bukovina after the I World War
Authors: Wawryniuk Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Tematyka pogranicza, szczególnie w latach powojennych jest jednym z kluczowych problemów, z którymi przychodzi się zmierzyć elitom politycznym. Dodatkowym utrudnieniem dla rozwiązania ewentualnych kwestii są zamieszkałe po obu stronach granicy mniejszości narodowe. Problemem o dużym znaczeniu politycznym po I wojnie światowej była przynależność państwowa Galicji Wschodniej i Bukowiny – terytoriów historycznie przynależnych do Polski i Rumunii. Próbę omówienia tej problematyki starano się dokonać w niniejszy artykuł. Kluczowe słowa: granica, pogranicze, państwo, Galicja, Bukowina, Czerniowce. The subject of the borderland, especially in the post-war years, is one of the key problems faced by the political elite. National minorities on both sides of the border are an additional difficulty in resolving possible issues. A problem of great political importance after the First World War was the nationality of Eastern Galicia and Bukovina – territories historically belonging to Poland and Romania. An attempt to discuss this issue has been made in this article.
Діаспора як об’єкт та суб’єкт публічної дипломатії
Authors: Трофименко Микола
Published: January 2020

У роботі автор розглядає діаспори держав, які перетворюються на повноцінних акторів міжнародних відносин та все частіше стають суб’єктами та об’єктами публічної дипломатії. Уряди держав намагаються налагодити ефективну комунікацію та співпрацю із своїми діаспорами сприяючи інституціоналізації їх об’єднань, створюючи державні агенції, що обіймаються питаннями взаємодії уряду із діаспорою. Особливо важливе значення діаспори мають для невеликих країн через брак коштів, що країна може залучити на реалізацію своєї зовнішньої політики, організацію дипломатичних представництв. Діаспори Ізраїлю, Греції, Вірменії тощо у США, наприклад, суттєво впливають на формування політики Сполучених Штатів відносно своїх історичних батьківщин, сприяючи розвитку двосторонніх відносин.
It's only a model: Discussion note on ‘Small model languages as tools for reflection’
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: January 2020

Rastall’s paper ‘Small Model Languages as Tools for Reflection’ observes that when linguistic models fall short of an accurate representation of language, this offers a rare opportunity to question assumptions and observe linguistic facts. The only reason a model’s proponents might be distressed when a model is proven inadequate is if they harboured the illusion that the model was an accurate representation of language production, or even of cognition. As Rastall points out, no model can make this claim. Every model is necessarily an imperfect representation of reality.
The dark side of the model
Authors: Sandler Sergeiy
Published: January 2020

In his paper “Small Model Languages as Tools for Reflection”, Paul Rastall proposes using deliberately oversimplified and artificial model languages, making no grand claims for absolute truth, as heuristic and didactic tools in linguistic inquiry. While I find this approach both useful and commendable, I argue (echoing similar warnings in Wittgenstein’s late work) that such models can not only expand our horizons in thinking about language, but also limit them.
Questioning ventriloquism
Authors: Barnden John A
Published: January 2020

Cooren (2014) argues that a ventriloquism metaphor for communication can provide a unified perspective on seven traditions in the study of communication. This Discussion Note does not argue for or against the idea that a suitably deployed and motivated ventriloquism metaphor can do this. Instead, the Note expresses some concerns about whether Cooren does suitably deploy, motivate, and support ventriloquism as a metaphor for communication. The concerns are about whether ventriloquism as opposed to a simpler personification-based view should be used, and whether two different notions of ventriloquism are being adequately considered. I also point to a complication that should be embraced in how one should analyse back-ventriloquism, i.e., people being ventriloquized by their own dummies, as suggested by Cooren. None of the concerns are fatal to Cooren’s enterprise, but rather point to the need for a more refined untangling of issues.
SIGN SYSTEM YANG INTEGRAL STUDI KASUS: KAMPUS B, UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI JAKARTA
Authors: Wardoyo Bambang Tri
Published: January 2020

The grammar of visual design plays an equally vital role in the production of meaning. This article uses a number of examples of sign systems at Trisakti University, Medical Dental Faculty, campus B, for an easy understanding. The aim of this article also to analyze how the sign systems are used to produce meaning by contemporary image-makers. This provides a systematic and comprehensive account of the grammar of visual design. Looking at the formal elements and structures of design such as colors, texts, framing, and compositions, this article examines the ways in which images communicate meaning. The findings from this article are essential for anyone interested in design, communication, media, and art.
KOMIK DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM NARASI ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAN EKONOMI KREATIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Frederick Gideon Kamang
Published: January 2020

Perkembangan industri komik di Indonesia yang telah bergeser ke platform media sosial telah membawa industri komik menjadi lebih independen, menjangkau pembaca baru serta melebarkan peran serta potensinya pada ekonomi kreatif. Peruba- han ini juga memberikan peran serta pemberdayaan baru para creator komik sebagai entrepreneur, digital marketer, bahkan sebagai opinion leader. Perubahan ini berusaha direkam dan dikaji sejauh apa perannya terhadap peningkatan entrepreneurship dan potensi di masa depannya pada ekonomi kreatif Indonesia. Data diambil dan dianalisa menggunakan in-depth analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan metode produksi dan tujuan produksi komik Indonesia di media sosial serta perubahan yang menjadi dampaknya pada kreator komik pada khususnya serta ekonomi kreatif di Indonesia pada umumnya. Penelitian ini berguna untuk data pendukung untuk memprediksi arah pengembangan industri komik Indonesia dari sisi creator, penerbit, maupun untuk para penentu kebijakan
ANIMASI INDONESIA DALAM TINJAUAN PRODUKSI; FREELANCER PADA EKOSISTEM INDUSTRI ANIMASI DI BANDUNG
Authors: Daulay Muhammad Cahya Mulya , Kusumawardhani Mega Iranti
Published: January 2020

Industri animasi merupakan sebuah industri yang belum banyak dikenal Indonesia, meskipun medium animasi sendiri sebetulnya bukanlah medium baru di Indo- nesia. Tidak seperti profil industri lainnya yang biasanya bersifat massal, industri animasi memiliki karakteristik yang unik yaitu padat karya. Kehadiran teknologi canggih pada industri ini tidak dapat menggantikan peran manusia di dalamnya. Tulisan ini membahas profil industri animasi di Indonesia yang cukup unik yaitu mempekerjakan sedikit karyawan purnawaktu (fulltime), namun pada saat mengerjakan produksi dalam skala besar, mereka mempekerjakan pekerja lepas atau freelancer dalam jumlah besar. Tulisan ini mengkombinasikan data primer yang didapat dari wawancara dengan penggiat studio animasi dan pekerja lepas animasi di Bandung. Data sekunder didapat dari tinjauan pustaka mengenai sistem produksi animasi dan tulisan tinjauan dari asosiasi animasi di Indonesia industri animasi di Asia Tenggara dan Eropa. Hasil dari tulisan ini berupa deskripsi dan tinjauan industri animasi di Indonesia yang ternyata tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pekerja lepas animasi, yang justru ternyata memiliki peran penting dalam sistem produksi industri.
ATTITUDE ROLE IN CONDUCTING NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS APPLIED TO DEMENTIA IN A QUALITY CONCEPT
Authors: Bergamo Filippo
Published: January 2020

This text highlights the importance of the attitude of those who conduct non-pharmacological interventions applied to dementia. Analyze the concept of attitude how it fits into an equation that summarizes the idea of quality of the interventions themselves. The knowledge of the aspects to be taken into consideration when talking about attitude, excesses, references of other works highlight the importance of the "attitude" variable compared to the idea of a qualitative approach aimed at people with dementia subject to such non-pharmacological interventions. The text compares the previous reference to the concept of attitude and quality treated by Kitwood where its definition is described by a "vision" relative to the person with dementia with respect to an approach that defines its characteristics and actively includes it in a process quality. The proposed thesis stems from the observation and experience of 10 years of observation and proposition of validated non-pharmacological interventions applied to dementias, where the proposed attitude was found to be a very important variable compared to the answers relating to the proposed activation inputs.
Cardiac biomarkers in goats with experimental ruminal lactic acidosis and supplemented with monensin sodium
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Ribeiro Ana Clara Sarzedas , Soares Gliére Silmara Leite ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Silva Saulo de Tarso Gusmão da ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Miranda Neto Eldinê Gomes de ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pontes Rebeka Menezes ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Soares Pierre Castro ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Mendonça Carla Lopes de ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Afonso José Augusto Bastos ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Published: January 2020

Aimed to evaluate creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in goats with experimental ruminal lactic acidosis (RLA) and supplemented with monensin sodium (MS). Twenty goats were divided into control group (CG) and treatment group (TG) supplemented with 33mg/animal/day of MS. The RLA was induced (10g/Kg body weight of sucrose) and before and post-induction clinical data, ruminal fluid and blood were collected. All animals presented mild RLA, with minimal ruminal pH at 8h post-induction. CK-MB and cTnI were higher in the CG and TG, respectively, without differ between moments. MS at the dose used did not prevent RLA whose severity was not sufficient to cause cardiac injury.
Moderating Effect of Government Regulations on Internal Control System and Fraud Prevention. A Case Banking Sector in Kenya
Authors: Ngigi Nyakarimi Samuel , Nduati Kariuki Samuel , Kariuki Peter Wang’ombe
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of the study was to establish the moderating effect of government regulations on the relationship between internal control system and fraud prevention in baking sector. Structured questionnaire was used as tool for data collection. The study was based on all banks registered and operating in Kenya and the questionnaires were meant for branch managers, operations mangers and cash managers in head offices of all banks. One hundred and seventeen questionnaires were distributed and officers from 33 banks out 39 banks returned fully filled questionnaires. The questionnaires were analyzed using Structural equation Model (SEM). The findings indicated that the government regulations have significant moderating effect of control environment and risk assessment. However, there was insignificant moderating effect on control activities, communication and monitoring of activities. The study suggested that further studies and analysis should be undertaken to establish those legislations and regulations that should be enhanced, abolished and also establish need of new laws to enhance the functions of internal control system.
Vino nuevo en odres viejos. La matriz melodramática de la telenovela y los cambios culturales contemporáneos en las identidades de género
Authors: Sánchez Vilela Rosario
Published: January 2020

Este artículo se propone estudiar cómo el melodrama, constitutivo de la telenovela latinoamericana, incorpora las nuevas conformaciones de sentido de las sociedades contemporáneas. El texto propone una reconstrucción del entramado de géneros que componen a la telenovela para encontrar allí algunas claves explicativas, a la vez que analiza la identidad de género de algunos personajes ilustrativos. Se concluye que la matriz melodramática coloca en un universo manejable la irrupción de lo nuevo, lo integra en la conformación del sentido común y continúa así con su función prescriptiva y moralizante, contribuyendo a la configuración de una nueva hegemonía.
Geometric and Mechanical Characterization of Human Carpal Bones – a Preliminary Study
Authors: Faragó Dénes , Kiss Rita Mária
Published: January 2020

Human hand injuries account for a significant number of accidents of young adults (mostly sports injuries) and elderly people. The most vulnerable part of the hand is the wrist, a construct consisting of numerous bones and ligaments. The hand is a complex structure, the mechanical behavior is hard to describe, and also it is sometimes hard to correctly diagnose the injuries. The goal of the present research is to create a quickly and inexpensive measurement method to characterize the geometrical and mechanical properties of carpal bones.The method presented is suitable to properly characterize the intact and damaged geometries of different carpal bones (capitate scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform). 3D models of intact and failed bones are determined by a 3D scanner, mechanical properties are determined with high-speed compression load (700 mm/min), which represents the fracture by falling down. According to the test results, the 3D scanning technique provided valuable geometrical data for cross-section calculation (scan before the test) and for analysis of the failure mode of the bones (scan after the test). The modulus of elasticity data for finite element simulation can be determined by the high-speed compression tests.
The Effect of Physical Activities and Smoking Habits toward Incidence of Stroke on Patients in Santa Elisabeth Hospital
Authors: Suryani Panjaitan Renova Suryani Panjaitan , Aguslina Siregar Fazidah , Siagian Albiner
Published: January 2020

Stroke is an important health problem in the world because stroke shows increased pain. In Indonesia, there are 500,000 people who experience strokes each year among 125,000 people die and others experience mild and severe disability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physical activities and smoking habits toward incidence of stroke on inpatients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital, Medan. This research is an observational analytic with a case control study design. Subjects consisted of cases and controls with a ratio of 1: 1 totaling 106 people namely 53 cases and 53 controls. Data collection uses interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis using simple logistic regression test. Simple logistic regression test results found that there is a significant influence between physical activity (p = 0.014; OR = 2.828, 95% CI 1,220-6,553) and smoking habits (p = 0.001; OR = 3,720, 95% CI 1,668-8,297) on the incidence stroke. It is recommended to do physical activity with adequate body movements and exercise and stop smoking.
Series temporales aplicadas a software de triaje de emergencias
Authors: Pérez Rojas José Luis , López Telenchana Luis Stalin
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio de investigación se realizó en el Hospital Alfredo Noboa de la ciudad de Guaranda, el objetivo de esta, es validar el aporte del software de Triaje implementado, mediante un análisis de series temporales. Los tipos de investigación guías fueron: bibliográfica, cuasiexperimental, inductiva y longitudinal. Las técnicas utilizadas para recopilar información corresponden a la encuesta aplicada al personal hospitalario y la entrevista dirigida al personal administrativo. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron una disminución notable de tiempo en relación con el sistema manual antes utilizado. Los pacientes categorizados dentro de la prioridad roja pasaron de esperar 11.74 segundos(s) a esperar 8.42 segundos(s) para poder ser atendidos, los de prioridad naranja de 24.8 s a 14.44 s, la prioridad amarilla paso de 73.81s a 60.16s, la prioridad verde paso de 84.48s a 68.49 y la prioridad azul paso de 229.52s a 181.49s. A pesar de verificar que los tiempos de triaje cada vez se pegan más a estándares nacionales e internacionales (MSP-OMS), estos podrán ser más bajos en el instante en que el personal hospitalario adquiera habilidad en su manejo.
Las posibilidades de la actual regulación del mecenazgo en España
Authors: Álvarez Borja , Merino Eugenia , Martín Paz
Published: January 2020

La Ley 49/2002, de 23 de diciembre, de régimen fiscal de las entidades sin fines lucrativos y de los incentivos fiscales al mecenazgo, que cumple en estas fechas su mayoría de edad, fue un hito en su momento al reconocer el Estado a través de la misma el papel fundamental de la sociedad civil en el apoyo a causas de interés general.No obstante, tanto en el ámbito mediático como en el específicamente cultural, la demanda de una Ley de Mecenazgo se plantea como si en España no existieran medidas regulatorias de incentivos a la orientación de recursos hacia bienes y servicios culturales. En nuestro país existe Ley de Mecenazgo aunque no lleve ese nombre, la ya mencionada Ley 49/2002, una norma compleja eminentemente fiscal cuyas medidas son susceptibles de mejora y ampliación. Mientras llega el momento de su reforma o de la aprobación de una nueva Ley de Mecenazgo, queremos hacer hincapié en algunas cuestiones de la regulación vigente que, pese a su atractivo, hemos percibido que son desconocidas por la sociedad en general y por el sector cultural en particular y, por tanto, desaprovechadas por este último.
La desregularización en la gestión pública del patrimonio.
Authors: Martínez Castizo Daniel
Published: January 2020

La desregularización en la gestión pública del patrimonio es un fenómeno de carácter estructural que, de forma progresiva, afecta a todos los Estados neoliberales. No se trata de una situación que devenga inesperadamente sino que, más bien, forma parte del ser de un sistema que toma para sí todo lo susceptible de generar beneficios. Además, bajo las estrictas leyes del mercado, muchos de los bienes quedan expuestos, aún más si cabe, al deterioro y desaparición por marginación (patrimonio olvidado). En el Estado español es solo a partir de la crisis económica de 2008 cuando dicho proceso toma impulso para, como era de esperar y sin entrar a analizar la situación de los bienes, aligerar la participación crematística de las instituciones públicas incentivando el acceso del capital privado mediante la modificación y el desarrollo de la Ley 49/2002, de 23 de diciembre, de régimen fiscal de las entidades sin fines lucrativos y de los incentivos fiscales al mecenazgo (Ley del Mecenazgo).
Strategi Kebijakan Menjaga Warisan Budaya Bandar Aceh Darussalam Di Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Ajis Ambo Asse
Published: January 2020

Bandar Aceh Darussalam adalah ibukota Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam sejak intitusi pemerintahan Islam ini didirikan oleh Sultan Ali Mugahayat Syah tahun 1496 Masehi. Ketika penjajah Belanda berhasil menguasainya di Tahun 1874, ibukota ini diganti dengan nama Kutaraja. Ketika Aceh menjadi bagian Indonesia, Kutaraja berganti nama menjadi  Banda Aceh pada tahun 1962. Sebagai bekas ibukota kerajaan, seluruh tanah di Bandar Aceh Darussalam tentu menyimpan deposit jejak budaya yang memiliki nilai penting bagi identitas Aceh secara khusus dan Indonesia secara umum. Meskipun demikian, karena berada dalam areal inti perkotaan Kota Banda Aceh dan sekaligus Ibukota Provinsi Aceh, potensi warisan budaya budaya tersebut sedang menghadapai ancaman yang tinggi karena terganggu akibat konflik kepentingan, baik itu atas nama kepentingan penduduk maupun kepentingan pembangunan pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi hingga pembangunan Nasional. Terkait dengan hal itu, tulisan ini dibuat dengan tujuan mengajukan pemikiran penangan potensi konflik dengan pendekatan cultural resource management (CRM) yang dapat diterapkan para stakeholder terkait rencana pelestarian kawasan kuno Bandar Aceh Darussalam.
Switching to systemic therapy after locoregional treatment failure: Definition and best timing
Authors: Ogasawara Sadahisa , Ooka Yoshihiko , Koroki Keisuke , Maruta Susumu , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Kanayama Kengo , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Saito Tomoko , Kondo Takayuki , Suzuki Eiichiro , Nakamoto Shingo , Tawada Akinobu , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya
Published: January 2020

In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis, the initial treatment choice recommended is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Before sorafenib came into wide use, TACE had been pointlessly carried out repeatedly. It was in the early 2010s that the concept of TACE refractory was advocated. Two retrospective studies from Japan indicated that conversion from TACE to sorafenib the day after patients were deemed as TACE refractory improved overall survival compared with continued TACE, according to the definition by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Nowadays, phase 3 trials have shown clinical benefits of several novel molecular target agents. Compared with the era of sorafenib, sequential treatments with these molecular target agents have gradually prolonged patients’ survival and have become major strategies in patients with HCC. Taking these together, conversion from TACE to systemic therapies at the time of TACE refractory, compared with before, may have a greater impact on survival and may be considered deeper in the decisions-making process in patients with unresectable HCC who are candidate for TACE. Up-to-date information on the concept of TACE refractory is summarized in this review. We believe that the survival of patients with unresectable HCC without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis may be dramatically improved by optimal timing of TACE refractory and switching to systemic therapies.
In Vitro Assessment of Iron Effect on Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells: Secretory Activity, Markers of Proliferation and Apoptosis
Authors: KOLESAROVA A. , CAPCAROVA M. , MEDVEDOVA M. , SIROTKIN A. V. , KOVACIK J.
Published: January 2020

It would be desirable to expand the existing general knowledge concerning direct action of metals on the ovary. Nevertheless, the results of testing of iron compound on porcine ovarian cells should be interpreted carefully because iron is an essential element which could also induce changes in cellular processes. The aim of this in vitro study was 1) to examine dose-dependent effects of iron on the secretory activity of porcine ovarian granulosa cells, and 2) to outline the potential intracellular mediators mediating these effects. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of iron sulphate on the release of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and progesterone, as well as the expression of markers of proliferation (cyclin B1) and apoptosis (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Concentrations of IGF-I and progesterone were determined by RIA, cyclin B1 and caspase-3 expression by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Our results show a significantly decreased IGF-I secretion by ovarian granulosa cells after iron sulphate addition at the doses 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml. The iron sulphate additions at doses 0.17 and 1.0 mg/ml had no effect on progesterone secretion. In contrast, iron sulphate addition at doses 0.17-1.0 mg/ml resulted in stimulation of cyclin B1 and caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, the present results indicate a direct effect of iron on 1) secretion of growth factor IGF-I but not steroid hormone progesterone, 2) expression of markers of proliferation (cyclin B1), or 3) apoptosis (caspase-3) of porcine ovarian granulosa cells. These results support an idea that iron could play a regulatory role in porcine ovarian function: hormone release, proliferation and apoptosis.
Calsequestrin Distribution, Structure and Function, Its Role in Normal and Pathological Situations and the Effect of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: NOVÁK P. , SOUKUP T.
Published: January 2020

Calsequestrin is the main calcium binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, serving as an important regulator of Ca2+. In mammalian muscles, it exists as a skeletal isoform found in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and a cardiac isoform expressed in the heart and slow-twitch muscles. Recently, many excellent reviews that summarised in great detail various aspects of the calsequestrin structure, localisation or function both in skeletal and cardiac muscle have appeared. The present review focuses on skeletal muscle: information on cardiac tissue is given, where differences between both tissues are functionally important. The article reviews the known multiple roles of calsequestrin including pathology in order to introduce this topic to the broader scientific community and to stimulate an interest in this protein. Newly we describe our results on the effect of thyroid hormones on skeletal and cardiac calsequestrin expression and discuss them in the context of available literary data on this topic.
Comparison of Doppler Flow Tei-Indexes With Pulmonary Artery Thermodilution Measurement of Cardiac Output in an Experimental Porcine Model
Authors: KOBR J. , TŘEŠKA V. , MOLÁČEK J. , KUNTSCHER V. , LIŠKA V. , SLAVÍK Z.
Published: January 2020

The objective of our study was to compare Doppler echocardiography imaging with pulmonary artery thermodilution measurement during mechanical ventilation. Total 78 piglets (6 weeks old, average weight 24 kg, under general anesthesia) were divided into 4 groups under different cardiac loading conditions (at rest, with increased left ventricular afterload, with increased right ventricular preload, and with increased afterload of both heart ventricles). At 60 and 120 min the animals were examined by echocardiography and simultaneously pulmonary artery thermodilution was used to measure cardiac output. Tei-indexes data were compared with invasively monitored hemodynamic data and cardiac output values together with calculated vascular resistance indices. A total of 224 parallel measurements were obtained. Correlation was found between values of right Tei-index of myocardial performance and changes in right ventricular preload (p<0.05) and afterload (p<0.01). Significant correlation was also found between left index values and changes of left ventricular preload (p<0.001), afterload (p<0.001), stroke volume (p<0.01), and cardiac output (p<0.01). In conclusion, echocardiographic examination and determination of the global performance selectively for the right and left ventricle can be recommended as a suitable non-invasive supplement to the whole set of methods used for monitoring of circulation and cardiac performance.
Mechanical Properties of Mitral Allografts Are Not Reasonably Influenced by Cryopreservation in Sheep Model
Authors: HLUBOCKÝ J. , MOKRÁČEK A. , NOVÁČEK V. , VOJÁČEK J. , BURKERT J. , KOCHOVÁ P. , KLEPÁČEK J. , PEPPER J. , ŠPATENKA J.
Published: January 2020

A mitral allograft is used exceptionally in the mitral, as well as in the tricuspid position, mostly as an experimental surgical procedure. The authors decided to evaluate the possibility of inserting a cryopreserved mitral allograft into the tricuspid position in a sheep experimental model. Within the framework of this experimental project the mechanical properties of the cryopreserved mitral allograft were tested. A novel methodology studying the functional unit composed of mitral annulus, leaflet, chordae tendinaea, and papillary muscle is presented. A five-parameter Maxwell model was applied to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of sheep mitral valves. A control group of 39 fresh mitral specimens and a test group of 13 cryopreserved mitral allografts from tissue bank were tested. The testing protocol consisted of six loading cycles with 1 mm elongation every 5 min. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the determined parameters (p>0.05) which confirms the main hypothesis that cryopreservation does not influence significantly material parameters characterizing the tissue mechanics. Slight discrepancy is observed in variances of viscous parameters suggesting that the values of the test group may be spread over larger interval due to the treatment.
A Periadventitial Sirolimus-Releasing Mesh Decreased Intimal Hyperplasia in a Rabbit Model
Authors: SKALSKÝ I. , FILOVÁ E. , SZÁRSZOI O. , PAŘÍZEK M. , LYTVYNETS A. , MALUŠKOVÁ J. , LODEREROVÁ A. , BRYNDA E. , LISÁ V. , BURDÍKOVÁ Z. , ČAPEK M. , PIRK J. , BAČÁKOVÁ L.
Published: January 2020

Autologous vein grafts used as aortocoronary bypasses are often prone to intimal hyperplasia, which results in stenosis and occlusion of the vein. The aim of this study was to prevent intimal hyperplasia using a newly developed perivascular system with sustained release of sirolimus. This system of controlled drug release consists of a polyester mesh coated with a copolymer of L-lactic acid and ε-caprolactone that releases sirolimus. The mesh is intended for wrapping around the vein graft during surgery. The mesh releasing sirolimus was implanted in periadventitial position onto arteria carotis communis of rabbits, and neointimal hyperplasia was then assessed. We found that implanted sirolimus-releasing meshes reduced intima thickness by 47±10 % compared to a vein graft after 3 weeks. The pure polyester mesh decreased vein intima thickness by 35±9 %. Thus, our periadventitial system for controlled release of sirolimus prevented the development of intimal hyperplasia in autologous vein grafts in vivo in rabbits. A perivascularly applied mesh releasing sirolimus is a promising device for preventing stenosis of autologous vein grafts.
DNA Repair: Exploiting the Fanconi Anemia Pathway As a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: HUCL T. , GALLMEIER E.
Published: January 2020

DNA repair is an active cellular process to respond to constant DNA damage caused by metabolic processes and environmental factors. Since the outcome of DNA damage is generally adverse and long term effects may contribute to oncogenesis, cells have developed a variety of DNA repair mechanisms, which operate depending on the type of DNA damage inflicted. At least 15 Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins interact in a common pathway involved in homologous recombination. Inherited homozygous mutations in any of these FA genes cause a rare disease, Fanconi anemia, characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone-marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. Heterozygous germline FA mutations predispose to various types of cancer. In addition, somatic FA mutations have been identified in diverse cancer types. Evidence exists that cells deficient in the FA pathway become dependent on alternative pathways for survival. Additional inhibition of such alternative pathways is thus expected to result in cell death, creating a relationship of synthetic lethality. Identifying these relationships can reveal yet unknown mechanisms of DNA repair and new targets for therapy.
Strategi Penanganan Konflik Kepemimpinan Non-Muslim di Birokrasi: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Pajangan, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Angkat Ismail
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know the factors underlying the conflict about the Pajangan sub-district in Bantul, and how to resolution conflicts involving the Pajangan sub-district by the government and the community. The informants in this study were mass organizations, civil society, community leaders, traditional leaders, and security forces in Pajangan District related to these cases. The research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study reveal the facts that occurred in the Pajangan sub-district was motivated by several factors in it is the socialization of the government related to the policy of setting the Pajangan sub-district head. The government is less open to the public regarding the policies issued. The policies issued by the government are not quite right. The policy is not in accordance with the culture of the people in the Display, although the Regent's policy does not violate the laws and regulations for the election of the camat. In addition, the community also understands the Regent's policy that can consider the cultural conditions in Pajangan, especially the people in Pajangan which are full of Muslims, and also supports the differences which are the main reason for the Pajangan community to reject the camat. The government and the community have taken several actions to resolve the conflict over the conflict, such as negotiation, mediation, and finally arbitration.Keywords: Leadership, Non-Muslim, and Bureaucracy
Pesantren dan Fiqih Disabilitas : Studi Atas Pemahaman Santri Pondok Pesantren di Probolinggo Jawa Timur
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The rise of disability fiqh studies in several universities is inversely proportional to the study of fiqh in pesantren. The pesantren, known as the place of tafaqquh fi al-din, did not hear its role in guarding the study of disability fiqh. This study tries to find out the understanding of santri in Probolinggo, East Java, about the disability fiqh and the factors that influence the understanding. The results of the study concluded that the understanding of santri in Probolinggo East Java on disability jurisprudence positions persons with disabilities as centers of study, has formal legal character, denies the ethical-moral approach, and is trapped in the discourse of rukhsah or the provision of dispensation. This understanding is influenced by reading material that is used as a reference, understanding that is transformed by teachers and senior santri, lack of experience in dealing with persons with disabilities in daily life and experience in following studies of disability with multiple perspectives.Keywords: Islamic School and Disability Fiqh
Funding Civil Justice in Scotland: Full Cost Recovery, at What Cost to Justice?
Authors: Christman Ben , Combe Malcolm
Published: January 2020

In Scotland, there has been an increasing trend for the costs associated with the administration of civil justice to be met by the users of the court system. Such a policy can broadly be referred to as “full cost recovery”. A recent Scottish Government consultation on court fees uncritically continued with this overall approach, but various consultees nevertheless took the opportunity to critique full cost recovery in the context of that consultation and more generally. This article takes up that analysis, in a manner that should also be of interest to non-Scottish readers who may be contending with a similar challenge in another jurisdiction, by critiquing full cost recovery in principle and by offering potential routes by which its implementation might be challenged. It begins by explaining what full cost recovery actually is and investigating its origins, before interrogating some of the assumptions or acquiescence that seems to have developed around the issue and discussing the potential for litigation against court fees in Scotland.