bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “Natural” Agglomerative Clustering Method for Biology
Authors: Dragomirescu L. , Postelnicu T.
Published: May 2007

The authors consider that cluster analysis does not objectivize but represents the biologist's subjectivity as to (1) characters considered to be significant and to (2) the way of classification. The latter, however, in authors' opinion, must be specific to the field of application. To this effect some methods are suggested for biology. The methods originate in improvements or transformation of Buser and Baroni‐Urbani's method, as well as Watanabe's method, and have the property of processing overall information with no loss or distortion. An agglomerative method which yields a necessarily unique result is suggested, being considered by the authors as a homologue of Watanabe's divisive method. The methods proposed are studied using examples logically constructed. These examples can provide from biology, especially from ecology.
Improved Estimation of Heritability Through Scaling
Authors: Verma D. , Jain J. P.
Published: May 2007

Two minimum mean square error estimators of heritability are proposed and compared with the conventional regression estimator with live data.
Balanced Sample Generation for Predicting the Mean of a Finite Population
Authors: Bouza C. N. , Allende S. M.
Published: May 2007

Two algorithms for balancing samples are proposed. They permit to disminish the errors of a predictor. A simple linear regression superpopulation model generates the responses. The behavior of the predictor under two balancing algorithms is evaluated in a Montecarlo experiment. The data arose from the determination of the content of minerals and vitamins in feed.
Two Characteristic Properties of the Generalized Negative Binomial Distribution
Authors: Ahsanullah M.
Published: May 2007

Infinite divisibility condition and a relation between the mean and variance are used to characterize the generalized negative binomial distribution.
Central Place Foraging in Nonpatchy Habitats
Authors: Botteron B. , Arditi R.
Published: May 2007

This paper deal with a model of optimal foraging in a habitat with arbitrary food distribution. It takes into account an arbitrary risk cost related to the distance to the animal's nest. Food acquisition and risk cost are accounted for in common units of fitness. The resulting problem is solved in the context of Calculus of Variations. The optimal duration of absence from the nest and the optimal spatial allocation of foraging time are obtained: the optimal strategy leads to separate the habitat into a region to exploit and a region to ignore. The definition of these two distinct regions depends on the relative importance of risk and food availability. With realistic risk costs, the resulting strategy indicates a highly selective behaviour when far from the nest, as observed in field studies. The model is also extended to take account of the need of returning to the nest to guard it or to feed the young.
A New Approach for the Discrimination of Mixed Data
Authors: Wernecke K.‐D.
Published: May 2007

A new procedure for the discrimination of mixed data is presented. The method allows the application of well‐known discriminators after defining new (continuous) variables from the a‐posteriori‐probabilities. Some outlooks and an example from medical diagnostics are given.
Seemingly Unrelated Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Lefkovitch L. P.
Published: May 2007

By using deviance standardized residuals, the seemingly unrelated regression estimation procedure is extended to generalized linear models, and fitted by an iterative procedure. The matrix of cross products of standardized residuals is asymptotically multivariate normal, and can be used for further multivariate analyses and for hypothesis testing.
Simultaneous Comparisons of Multiple Treatments to Two (or More) Control
Authors: Hoover D. R.
Published: May 2007

DUNNETT (1955) developed a procedure simultaneously comparing k treatments to one control with an exact overall type I error of α when all sampling distributions are normal. Sometimes it is desirable to compare k treatments to m≧2 controls, in particular to two controls. For instance, several new therapies (e.g., pain relievers) could be compared to two standard therapies (e.g., Aspirin and Tylenol). Alternatively, a standard therapy could be very expensive, difficult to apply and/or have bad side effects, making it useful to compare each new therapy to both standard therapy and no therapy (Placebo).

Dunnett's method is expanded here to give comparisons of mean values for k treatments to mean values for m≧2 controls at an exact overall type I error of α when all sampling distributions are normal. Tabled values needed to make exact simultaneous comparisons at α = .05 are given for m = 2. An application is made to an example from the literature.
Least Squares and Minimum MSE Estimators of Variance Components in Mixed Linear Models
Authors: Volaufová J. , Witkovský V.
Published: May 2007

The paper deals with the quadratic invariant estimators of the linear functions of variance components in mixed linear model. The estimator with locally minimal mean square error with respect to a parameter ϑ is derived. Under the condition of normality of the vector Y the theoretical values of MSE of several types of estimators are compared in two different mixed models; under a different types of distributions a simulation study is carried out for the behaviour of derived estimators.
A Parameter‐Elimination Method for Nonlinear Regression with Linear Parameters and Autocorrelated Errors
Authors: Huang M.‐N. L. , Huang M. K.
Published: May 2007

In this study, we are interested in the problem of estimating the parameters in a nonlinear regression model when the error terms are correlated. Throughout this work, we restrict ourselves to the special case when the error terms follow a pth order stationary autoregressive model (AR(p)). Following the idea of LAWTON and SYLVESTRE (1971) and GALLANT and GOEBEL (1976), a parameter‐elimination method is proposed, which has the advantages that it is not sensitive to the initial values and convergence of the procedure may be more stable because of the reduced dimension of the problem. The parameter‐elimination method is compared with the methods by GALLANT and GOEBEL (1976) and GLASBEY (1980) by Monte Carlo Simulation, and the results of applying the first two methods to the real data obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China are presented.
Missing Data and the Mixtures of Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
Authors: Wojciechowski T.
Published: May 2007

In many practical applications we deal with a problem of estimation of a density function of a vectorxsome components of which are discrete, while the remaining ones are continuous. Among many models that can be used in this case the most useful are the location model and the kernel model. The problem arises when the observed data contain missing values i.e. on some individuals some of the variables have not been observed with no particular pattern of missingness. An application of the EM algorithm will allow us to estimate the parameters of the location model from incomplete data. The method is described in Section 2. In Section 3 some suggestions how to deal with incompleteness when the kernel model is used are made. Finally, Section 4 contains an example.
Confidence Intervals for the Relative Risk Ratio Parameter from Survival Data Under a Random Censorship Model in Biomedical and Epidemiologic Studies (By Simulation)
Authors: Rao B. Raja , Talwalker Sheela , Kundu Debasis
Published: May 2007

The present paper reports the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study to examine the performance of several approximate confidence intervals for the Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) parameter in an epidemiologic study, involving two groups of individuals. The first group consists ofn1individuals, called the experimental group, who are exposed to some carcinogen, say radiation, whose effect on the incidence of some form of cancer, say skin cancer, is being investigated. The second group consists ofn2individuals (called the control group) who are not exposed to the carcinogen. Two cases are considered in which the life times (or time to cancer) in the two groups follow (i) the exponential and (ii) the Weibull distributions. The case when the life times follow a Rayleigh distribution follows as a particular case. A general random censorship model is considered in which the life times of the individuals are censored on the right by random censoring times following (i) the exponential and (ii) the Weibull distributions. The Relative Risk Ratio parameter in the study is defined as the ratio of the hazard rates in the two distributions of the times to cancer. Approximate confidence intervals are constructed for the RRR parameter using its maximum likelihood estimator (m.l.e) and several other methods, including a method due to FIELLER. SPROTT'S (1973) and Cox's (1953) suggestions, as well as the Box‐Cox (1964) transformation, are also utilized to construct approximate confidence intervals. The performance of these confidence intervals in small samples is investigated by means of some Monte Carlo simulations based on 500 random samples. Our simulation study indicates that many of these confidence intervals perform quite well in samples of size 10 and 15, in terms of the coverage probability and expected length of the interval.
Estimating the Power of the Gehan Test
Authors: Magel Rhonda C.
Published: May 2007

A bootstrap method suggested by COLLINGS and HAMILTON (1988) to estimate the power of the two‐sample Wilcoxon test is adapted to use for estimating the power of the Gehan test. A Monte Carlo simulation study is done to determine how well the method works in this case.
Non‐Iterative Least Squares Estimation of Missing Values in Replicated Latin Square Designs
Authors: Subramani J.
Published: May 2007

In this paper an attempt has been made to estimate several missing values in replicated latin square designs. The explicit computable expressions for the non‐iterative least squares estimates of the missing values are presented for particular patterns of missing values.
A Random Field Approach to Transect Counts of Wildlife Populations
Authors: Högmander H.
Published: May 2007

Line transect counting of a wildlife population is considered a sampling from a planar marked point process, where the marks describe the detectability of the animals. Sampling properties of transect counts and a new density estimator are derived from a counting process, which is a shot‐noise field induced by the marked point process. A general formula for the sampling variance of a transect is derived and applied to compare five common types of transects. Some stereological connections of transect sampling and density estimators are shown.
Fertility Adjustments in Rectangular Field Trials
Authors: Lefkovitch L. P.
Published: May 2007

Based on Mandel's additive plus multipicative model for ANOVA, this paper presents a procedure to represent fertility differences in field trials arranged in rectangular plans. After fitting any block and treatment effects, the residuals are assigned to their positions in the rectangular planting plan, and then decomposed into orthogonal components, of which the largest ist attributed to fertility. If the variance associated with this component is significantly larger than those remaining, the observed data are then adjusted for it; the process is repeated until there is no significant component.

The procedure is illustrated by data from a variety trial.
Effect of Selection on a Quantitative Characteristic
Authors: Suresh R. P. , Kale B. K.
Published: May 2007

In this paper we study the effect of selection procedures on certain parameters of the distribution function (d.f.) (such as mean, percentile etc.) of a quantitative characteristic X, in successive generations when the d.f. is governed by a single locus. We study the changes in gene frequencies under the truncation and genotype selection procedures by obtaining approximations to the gene frequencies, since exact expressions are not available. Using these approximations for the gene frequencies, we compute the selection differentials of X for different values of n, the number of generations. We also obtain the limiting distributions as n → ∞ and compute the number of generations required for the above parameter(s) of the d.f. to reach a value close enough to the limiting value.
A Two‐stage Design for Comparing Clinical Trials
Authors: Chen Pinyuen , Hsu Lifang
Published: May 2007

A two‐stage design is proposed to choose among several experimental treatments and a standard treatment in clinical trials. The first stage employs a selection procedure to select the best treatment, provided it is better than the standard. The second stage tests the hypothesis between the best treatment selected at the first stage (if any) and the standard treatment. All the treatments are assumed to follow normal distributions and the best treatment is the one with the largest population mean. The level and the power are defined and they are used to set up equations to solve unknown first stage sample size, second stage sample size, and procedure parameters. The optimal design is the one that gives the smallest average sample size. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the improvement of one design as compared to existing one stage design.
The Effect of Categorization on Balanced Incomplete Blocks and Latin Squares
Authors: Rayner J. C. W. , Liddell G. F. , Seyb A. J.
Published: May 2007

Robustness in the various analysis of variance models should be assessed with regard to all the assumptions. Here we assess the effect of the continuity assumption. The models considered were chosen because they are in a sense fragile, and the effects might be anticipated to be more dramatic here. We identify at least one of the balanced incomplete block models for which severe categorization leads to tests with unacceptable sizes and aberrant power curves. Otherwise most of the models examined are generally satisfactory – that is, robust with respect to the continuity assumption.
Optimal Testing for Serial Correlation in a Large Number of Small Samples
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad I.
Published: May 2007

In recent years, there has been an increased awareness of the potential one‐sided nature of many testing problems in applied sciences. Usually, these testing problems can be reduced, either by conditioning on sufficient statistics or by invariant techniques. COX and SOLOMON (1988) considered testing the serial correlation coefficient of a stationary first order autoregressive process and concentrated on four independent samples, with each of size three. We outline a general method for testing the serial correlation coefficient, using locally best invariant, point optimal invariant and locally most mean powerful invariant test procedures. The first procedure optimizes power near the null hypothesis, the second optimizes it at a pre‐determined point away from the null while the third optimizes the average curvature of the power hypersurface in the neighbourhood of the null hypothesis.
Bootstrap and Asymptotic Prediction Criterion Estimates for Binomial Proportions in Insemination Data
Authors: Bonneu M. , Lavergne C.
Published: May 2007

Model choice techniques are proposed for logistic regression, based on prediction criterion estimation similar to Akaike's information criterion. For artificial insemination data of cattle, we wish to study a factor influence on success proportion; tests standard methods don't always seem suitable for prediction objective. Two prediction criterion estimate methods are applied to these data: simulated bootstrap and asymptotic estimates. Some empirical properties of this estimate are studied.
Spectroscopic studies on origination of the peak at 730 nm in delayed fluorescence of chloroplasts
Authors: Zeng Lizhang , Xing Da , Zhang Lingrui , Li Qiang , Wang Chenglong
Published: May 2007

The origination of the peak at 730 nm in the delayed fluorescence (DF) spectrum of chloroplasts was studied using various optical analysis methods. The DF spectrum showed that the main emission peak was at about 685 nm, with a small shoulder at 730 nm when the chloroplast concentration was < 7.8 µg/mL. The intensity of the peak at 685 nm decreased, while the intensity of the peak at 730 nm increased, when the chloroplast concentrations were increased from 7.8 to 31.2 µg/mL. With the concentration increasing, the peak at 730 nm became dominant while the peak at 685 nm finally disappeared. The DF decay kinetic curves showed that the intensity of the peak at 730 nm decayed as the same speed as the intensity of the peak at 685 nm during the entire relaxation process (0.5–30.5 s). With the excitation wavelength at 685 nm, the emission intensity was stronger in the excitation spectrum at 730 nm. The absorption spectrum demonstrated that the ratioA685:A730remained almost constant when the chloroplast concentration increased. The results suggest that the peak at 730 nm appearing in DF is mainly contributed by the fluorescence of photosystem I (PSI), generated by the re‐absorption of 685 nm band DF. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiluminescence of bicyclic dioxetanes bearing a hydroxyphenyl moiety substituted with carbazolyl, indolyl or benzotriazolyl group in the coordination sphere
Authors: Matsumoto Masakatsu , Yamada Kazutaka , Watanabe Nobuko , Ijuin Hisako K.
Published: May 2007

Bicyclic dioxetanes bearing a 3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐5‐hydroxyphenyl 2a, 3‐hydroxy‐5‐(indol‐1‐yl)phenyl 2b, or 3‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐hydroxyphenyl group 2c were synthesized. Base‐induced decomposition of dioxetane 2a displayed intense light, the maximum wavelength (λmaxCTICL) of which changed depending on the crown ether complex of potassium t‐butoxide used as a base, although the magnitude of λmaxCTICL change was considerably smaller than the case of dioxetane bearing a 3‐(anthracen‐9‐yl)‐5‐hydroxyphenyl group 1. Chemiluminescence (CL) from 2b resembled closely that from 2a in response to the crown ether complexes. On the other hand, dioxetane 2c exhibited emission of red light on treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The colour of light changed significantly and exhibited two peaks in the CL spectrum when treated with complex of bulky dibenzyldiazacrown ether 13. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lead Rare‐Earth Oxyhalides: Syntheses and Characterization of Pb6LaO7X (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: Siidra Oleg , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Armbruster Thomas , Depmeier Wulf
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Incorporation of 3d‐Metal Ions in the Hexagonal Channels of the Sr5(PO4)3OH Apatite.
Authors: Kazin Pavel E. , Gazizova Olga R. , Karpov Andrey S. , Jansen Martin , Tretyakov Yuri D.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Determination of Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation for the Two Barium Borates BaB2O4×xH2O (x = 4, 0) by Microcalorimetry.
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Hong , Wang Yan , Huang Hong‐Sheng
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Subsolidus Phase Relations in CuWO4—Gd2WO6 System.
Authors: Tomaszewicz E. , Worsztynowicz A. , Kaczmarek S. M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sn0.9Si0.1/Carbon Core—Shell Nanoparticles for High‐Density Lithium Storage Materials.
Authors: Kwon Yoojung , Kim Hansu , Doo Seok‐Gwang , Cho Jaephil
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Lanthanide‐Containing Polytungstates Derived from the Cyclic P8W48 Anion: {Ln4(H2O)28 [K@P8W48O184 (H4W4O12)2Ln2 (H2O)10]13‐}x, Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd.
Authors: Zimmermann Matthias , Belai Nebebech , Butcher Raymond J. , Pope Michael T. , Chubarova Elena V. , Dickmann Michael H. , Kortz Ulrich
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[SrF0.8(OH)0.2]2.526 [Mn6O12]: Columnar Rock‐Salt Fragments Inside the Todorokite‐Type Tunnel Structure.
Authors: Abakumov Artem M. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Covellite (CuS) from the Elements.
Authors: Tezuka Keitaro , Sheets William C. , Kurihara Ryoko , Shan Yue Jin , Imoto Hideo , Marks Tobin J. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 138. Diels—Alder Reactions of Novel (1′‐Arylallylidene)cyclopropanes with Heterodienophiles.
Authors: Zhao Ligang , Yucel Baris , Scheurich Rene Peter , Frank Daniel , de Meijere Armin
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition Reactions of 1‐Aza‐ and 1,3‐Diazaazulenium 1‐Methylides.
Authors: Fujii Hiroyuki , Kawano Izumi , Iwafuji Kaoru , Sawae Yoshiyuki , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Abe Noritaka
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanium Tetraiodide Mediated Reductive Opening of Aziridines, Leading to the Aldol and Mannich‐Type Reactions.
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Kurokawa Hiroshi , Nishiura Shuji , Hachiya Iwao
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transformations of 2‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridines by the Action of Ethyl Propynoate. A Novel Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]azocines.
Authors: Voskresenskii L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Vorob'eva T. A. , Grishachkina O. V. , Kulikova L. N. , Chernyshev A. I. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Intermolecular Amination of C—H Bonds: Method Development and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Fiori Kristin Williams , Du Bois J.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroallylation of Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Muraoka Takako , Matsuda Isamu , Itoh Kenji , Ueno Keiji
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of a Conformationally Rigid Hydrazide Organic Catalyst.
Authors: Lemay Mathieu , Aumand Livia , Ogilvie William W.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminocatalysis of the Baylis—Hillman Reaction: An Important Solvent Effect.
Authors: Davies Huw J. , Ruda Antionio M. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid—Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of α‐Ketonitriles to Aldehydes.
Authors: Lundgren Stina , Wingstrand Erica , Moberg Christina
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expedient Synthesis of Sulfinamides from Sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Harmata Michael , Zheng Pinguan , Huang Chaofeng , Gomes Maria G. , Ying Weijiang , Ranyanil Kanok‐On , Balan Gayatri , Calkins Nathan L.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation and Kinetic Resolution Combined Protocol Mediated by a Functionalized (S)‐Norcamphor‐Based Hydroperoxide/Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide System.
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra , Piccirillo Sandro , Scettri Arrigo
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides Using Di(2,6‐dimethylmorpholino)phenylphosphine as Ligand.
Authors: Cho Su‐Dong , Kim Ho‐Kyun , Yim Heung‐seop , Kim Mi‐Ra , Lee Jin‐Kook , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aromatic Thioesters as Protecting Groups for Thiols Against 1,2‐Didehydrobenzenes.
Authors: Fowelin Christian , Schuepbach Bjoern , Terfort Andreas
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydronaphthofurans and Dibenzofurans.
Authors: Dixit Manish , Raghunandan Resmi , Kumar Brijesh , Maulik P. R. , Goel Atul
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trimethylsilylpyrazoles as Novel Inhibitors of p38 MAP Kinase: A New Use of Silicon Bioisosteres in Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Barnes Matthew J. , Conroy Richard , Miller David J. , Mills John S. , Montana John G. , Pooni Parminder , Showell Graham A. , Walsh Louise M. , Warneck Julie B. H.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bromoallenes as Allyl Dication Equivalents in the Presence or Absence of Palladium(0): Direct Construction of Bicyclic Sulfamides Containing Five‐ to Eight‐Membered Rings by Tandem Cyclization of Bromoallenes.
Authors: Hamaguchi Hisao , Kosaka Shohei , Ohno Hiroaki , Fujii Nobutaka , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[g]‐ and Benzo[h]chromene Derivatives by One‐Pot Three‐Component Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Active Methylene Compounds and Naphthols.
Authors: Kumar B. Sunil , Srinivasulu N. , Udupi R. H. , Rajitha B. , Reddy Y. Thirupathi , Reddy P. Narsimha , Kumar P. S.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cascade Michael—Aldol Reactions Promoted by Hydrogen Bonding Mediated Catalysis.
Authors: Zu Liansuo , Wang Jian , Li Hao , Xie Hexin , Jiang Wei , Wang Wei
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise and Short Synthesis of Functionalized 5,6‐Dihydropyridin‐2‐ones (X) by Means of Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Ketene Aminal Phosphates (V).
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Kaneko Akane , Sugimoto Yasuaki , Tomita Taisuke , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Sasaki Makoto
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Amide Derivatives of Quinolone and Their Antimicrobial Studies.
Authors: Patel N. B. , Patel A. L. , Chauhan H. I.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Amino Acid Derived Cross‐Conjugated Trienes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Mitasev Branko , Yan Bingli , Brummond Kay M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expeditious Approach to Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum′s Acid on Neutral Alumina Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chakrabarty Manas , Mukherjee Ratna , Chakrabarty Manju , Arima Shiho , Harigaya Yoshihiro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkylation of 2‐Butyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxathiine‐1,1‐dioxide, a New Class of Acyl Anion Equivalents as an Alternative to Dithianes.
Authors: Boeckman Robert K. Jr. , Hanson Susan M. , Cody Jeremy A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Functionalized Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Kawashima Keisuke , Noguchi Michihiko
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Synthesis of Azobenzenophanes.
Authors: Kang Hong‐Min , Kim Hee‐Yeon , Jung Jin‐Woo , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Moulting Activity of Integristerone A (I) and Analogues (II), (III).
Authors: Kumpun Saowanee , Yingyongnarongkul Boon‐ek , Lafont Rene , Girault Jean‐Pierre , Suksamrarn Apichart
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Glycosylation under Thermodynamic Control: Synthesis of the Di‐ and the Hexasaccharide Fragments of the O‐SP of Vibrio cholerae O:1 Serotype Ogawa from Fully Functionalized Building Blocks.
Authors: Adamo Roberto , Kovac Pavol
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Secoleuconoxine and Oxopericine Derivatives from Kopsia
Authors: Lim Kuan‐Hon , Kam Toh‐Seok
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Dihydrocorynantheol (IV) Using Bicyclo[3.2.1]octenone Chiral Building Block (I).
Authors: Tosaka Ayako , Ito Shinichiro , Miyazawa Norio , Shibuya Masatoshi , Ogasawara Kunio , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise and Versatile Synthesis of epi‐Malbrancheamide (VII) and Structurally Related Analogues
Authors: Valente Meriah W. N. , Williams Robert M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Studies Toward Clavilactone A: A Concise Access to α,γ‐Substituted γ‐Butenolides by Metathesis.
Authors: Yasui Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Shun , Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Look at Molecular Nanosized Magnets from the Aspect of Inter‐Molecular Interactions
Authors: Miyasaka Hitoshi , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial Computational Chemistry Approach for Materials Design: Applications in DeNOx Catalysis, Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis, Lanthanoid Complex, and Lithium Ion Secondary Battery.
Authors: Koyama Michihisa , Tsuboi Hideyuki , Endou Akira , Takaba Hiromitsu , Kubo Momoji , Del Carpio Carlos A. , Miyamoto Akira
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Chemistry of Iron Carbonyls
Authors: Belousov Yu. A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alternative Roles for Metal Ions in Enzyme Catalysis and the Implications for Ribozyme Chemistry
Authors: Sigel Roland K. O. , Pyle Anna Marie
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Domino Reactions
Authors: Enders Dieter , Grondal Christoph , Huettl Matthias R. M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Helmchen Guenter , Dahnz Axel , Duebon Pierre , Schelwies Mathies , Weihofen Robert
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Process Development of Micafungin, a Novel Lipopeptide Antifungal Agent
Authors: Ohigashi Atsushi , Watanabe Masaru , Mukuta Takashi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Bioinformatic Tools to Support EST‐Sequencing, in silico‐ and Microarray‐Based Transcriptome Profiling in Mycorrhizal Symbioses
Authors: Kuester Helge , et al. et al.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitrogen Transport in the Ectomycorrhiza Association: The Hebeloma cylindrosporom—Pinus pinaster Model
Authors: Mueller Tobias , Avolio Meghan , Olivi Martin , Benjdia Mariam , Rikirsch Enno , Kasaras Alexis , Fitz Michael , Chalot Michel , Wipf Daniel
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synaptotagmin I and II are present in distinct subsets of central synapses
Authors: Fox Michael A. , Sanes Joshua R.
Published: May 2007

Synaptotagmin 1 and 2 (syt 1, syt 2) are synaptic vesicle‐associated membrane proteins that act as calcium sensors for fast neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals. Here we show that widely used monoclonal antibodies, mab 48 and znp‐1, stain nerve terminals in multiple species and, in mouse, recognize syt 1 and syt 2, respectively. With these antibodies, we examined the synaptic localization of these synaptotagmin isoforms in the mouse central nervous system. Syt 1 and syt 2 are localized predominantly to different subsets of synapses in retina, hippocampus, cerebellum, and median nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). In the MNTB, syt 1 and syt 2 are present in different presynaptic terminals on the same postsynaptic principal neuron. In retina, horizontal and OFF‐bipolar cell terminals contain syt 2, whereas most other terminals contain syt 1. Syt 1 localization in the immature retina resembles that seen in adult; however, syt 2 localization appears strikingly different at perinatal ages and continues to change dramatically prior to eye opening. For example, starburst amacrine cells, which lack syt 2 in adult retina, transiently express syt 2 during the first 2 postnatal weeks. In addition to differences in spatial and temporal distribution, species‐specific differences in synaptotagmin localization were observed in retina and cerebellum. The cell‐, temporal‐, and species‐specific expression of synaptotagmin isoforms suggests that each may have distinct functions in neurotransmitter release. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:280–296, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of a vomeronasal receptor gene (V1r) and G protein α subunits in goat, Capra hircus, olfactory receptor neurons
Authors: Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Ohkura Satoshi , Okamura Hiroaki , Mori Yuji , Ichikawa Masumi
Published: May 2007

Most mammals have two distinct olfactory epithelia, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal epithelium (VNE), containing, respectively, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and vomeronasal receptor neurons (VRNs). Olfactory receptors (ORs), which couple to Gαolf, are generally expressed by ORNs, whereas two vomeronasal receptor families (V1rs and V2rs) coupled respectively to Gαi2 and Gαo, are expressed by VRNs. Previously, we reported that one goat V1rs (gV1ra1) is expressed by ORNs and VRNs. To investigate the characteristics of vomeronasal‐receptor‐expressing ORNs in mammals we performed double‐label in situ hybridization for gV1ra1, Gαi2, Gαolf, olfactory marker protein (OMP), and growth association protein 43 (GAP43). Goat V1r‐expressing ORNs are categorized into two types situated in different areas of the epithelium. The first type of V1r‐expressing ORN coexpressed Gαi2, but not OMP or GAP43. The second type of V1r‐expressing ORN expresses Gαolf and OMP, but not Gαi2 or GAP43. These findings suggest that the two types of V1r‐expressing ORN in goat OE function using different G protein α subunits for chemoreception. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:371–380, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cationic impurities on solubility and crystal growth processes of ammonium oxalate monohydrate: Role of formation of metal‐oxalate complexes
Authors: Sangwal K. , Mielniczek‐Brzóska E.
Published: May 2007

The effect of different bi‐ and trivalent cationic impurities on the solubility of ammonium oxalate and the composition and distribution of chemical complexes formed in saturated ammonium oxalate aqueous solutions as a function of impurity concentration are investigated. The knowledge of the composition and stability of complexes formed in saturated aqueous solutions is then employed to explain the appearance of dead zones of supersaturation for growth and the difference in the effective segregation coefficient of the impurities. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that: (1) at a constant temperature, the dependence of concentration of complex species formed in saturated solutions on the concentration of different impurities can be described by an equation similar to that of the concentration dependence of density of solutions, (2) the dominant metal‐containing species present in saturated solutions are negatively‐charged, most stable oxalato complexes like Cu(C2O4)22−, Mn(C2O4)34−, Zn(C2O4)34−, Cr(C2O4)33− and Fe(C2O4)33−, (3) in the investigated range of impurity concentration, the solubility of ammonium oxalates increases linearly with the concentration of all impurities and the increase is associated with the stability of dominant complexes, (4) appearance of dead supersaturation zones in the presence of impurities is associated with instantaneous adsorption of all growth sites by dominant oxalato complexes in relatively short adsorption time, and (5) the segregation coefficient of an impurity cation M of charge z + increases with a decrease in the solubility product constant Ksp for the hydrolysis products of reactions of the type: Mz + ↔ M1(z −1)+ + H+ (where the cation M has z + charge, and H+ is hydrogen ion). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical investigation of heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth Part 1: non‐rotating seed
Authors: Tavakoli M. H. , Wilke H.
Published: May 2007

For the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth, the flow and temperature field of the system as well as the seed‐melt interface shape have been studied numerically using the finite element method. The configuration usually used initially in a real Czochralski crystal growth process consists of a crucible, active afterheater, induction coil with two parts, insulation, melt, gas and non‐rotating seed crystal. At first the volumetric distribution of heat inside the metal crucible and afterheater inducted by the RF coil was calculated. Using this heat source the fluid flow and temperature field were determined in the whole system. We have considered two cases with respect to the seed position: (1) before and (2) after seed touch with the melt. It was observed that in the case of no seed rotation (ωseed = 0), the flow pattern in the bulk melt consists of a single circulation of a slow moving fluid. In the gas domain, there are different types of flow motion related to different positions of the seed crystal. In the case of touched seed, the seed‐melt interface has a deep conic shape towards the melt. It was shown that an active afterheater and its location with respect to the crucible, influences markedly the temperature and flow field of the gas phase in the system and partly in the melt. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, spectral and thermal properties of non‐linear optical crystal ZnMg(SCN)4
Authors: Bharathi Kannan R. , Chandramohan A. , Chandra Sekar J. , Kandhaswamy M. A.
Published: May 2007

Single crystals of zinc magnesium tetra thiocyanate [ZnMg(SCN)4], a bimetallic thiocyanate complex, were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The bright, transparent and colourless crystals have well defined faces. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra red (FTIR) and Optical studies. The elemental analysis confirms the stoichiometry of the synthesized crystals. The compound crystallizes under monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a = 10.055 Å, b = 7.44 Å, c = 6.00 Å and β = 90.113°. The TGA indicates 25 % weight loss at 205°C from which the decomposition pattern is formulated. The DSC study indicates that the crystal undergoes only first order phase transitions. The FTIR spectrum indicates among others the presence of metal‐nitrogen and metal‐sulphur bonds thus confirming the formation of the complex. The second harmonic‐generation (SHG) was confirmed by the emission of green radiation using Nd: YAG laser. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micronization of the officinal component baicalin by SEDS‐PA process
Authors: He Wen Zhi , Suo Quan Ling , Li Yun Xia , Hong Hai Long , Li Guang Ming , Zhao Xiu Hua , Huang Yan Chun
Published: May 2007

Application of micronizing technologies in processing Chinese herbal medicines is very important to improve the forms of prepared Chinese herbal medicines and promote their therapeutic efficacy. Baicalin, a major active component of the typical Chinese herb medicine Scullateria baicallensis Georgi, was micronized using the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical fluids though Prefilming Atomization (SEDS‐PA) process with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of applying supercritical fluid precipitation technologies in Chinese herb medicine. This study has shown that acicula or rod‐like baicalin crystals with Particle Size (PS) of about 20×100 μm were successfully micronized by the SEDS‐PA process to long rod‐like, twisted fiber‐like or fibrous net‐like microparticles with PS of 0.1‐2.2 μm in width within the range of experiments performed. It was found that a substantial reduction of baicalin microparticles' sizes could lead to a marked increase of adhesions among them and subsequent microparticles agglomeration. With the increase of supercritical CO2 flow rate and the decrease of solution concentration and solution flow rate, smaller and much more agglomerated microparticles were obtained. Increasing pressure led to formation of smaller microparticles. A larger tendency of particles agglomeration was produced at a higher temperature. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Four‐Membered Ring Spiro‐β‐lactams by Epoxide Ring‐Opening
Authors: Benfatti Fides , Cardillo Giuliana , Gentilucci Luca , Tolomelli Alessandra
Published: May 2007

A variety of hydroxy epoxides have been obtained from well defined hydroxy‐alkenyl derivatives. Their subsequent intramolecular ring‐opening allowed unprecedented classes of spiro‐lactams to be obtained. The effect of the epoxide stereochemistry and of the reaction temperature on the regioselective formation of five‐ or four‐membered ring spiro derivatives was explored. This transformation is part of a program directed towards the synthesis of polyfunctionalized β‐lactams as cholesterol absorption inhibitors (CAIs). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)