bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergonomic Engineering of a Mobile Walker
Authors: Kamp Sebastian , Spitz Tilmann , Müller Ulf , Feller Nico
Published: May 2022

Due to demographic development and rising problems in cost and resource management in health care and social systems, higher demands with respect to assistance for the elderly in everyday life are to be expected. Especially the need for mobile walker to assist people with developmental differences has risen throughout the years. Against this background, ergonomic product design is used in most parts of the construction of such walkers and their properties. On this basis, much care is taken in designing the man/technology interfaces (MTI) to increase the usability of medical products. Surveys of users have shown that an improvement of MTI of mobile walkers is necessary. This medical equipment allows deriving forces which need to be transmitted by the human hand. The ergonomic design of the walker handles needs to be adapted to the user requirements. In this paper, several problems with conventional handles and the problems such handles cause are discussed. To prove the benefits of adapting the handles to ensure better support, conclusions based on the results from experiments that were carried out are drawn. Increasing the usability by reconstructing the product with a user-oriented geometry and taking ergonomic aspects into consideration is achieved comparatively easily.
Physiological Workload Response of Laboratory Staff during simulated Life Science Processes
Authors: Weippertab Matthias , Riegera Annika , Lehmanna Ricarda , Zhanga Weiping , Thurowa Kerstin , Stollb Regina
Published: May 2022

High demands for new drug development and advances in robotic technologies have led to automation of compound screening and biological culturing processes in life sciences. Nevertheless, not only cognitive skills during planning, programming, supervision, and evaluation are mandatory but also human manual skills are still essential for system performance in highly automated life science laboratories. Aim of this study was to assess the physiological workload response during simulated cell culturing tasks.20 healthy volunteers underwent a standardized test protocol including typical cell laboratory tasks. Cardio-respiratory parameters including heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake (VO2) and blood pressure (DBP, SBP) were measured and analyzed.There were strong effects of task condition on blood pressure (SBP: F(10,210)=30.8, p<0.001, η² = .618; DBP: F(10,210)=17.9, p=.000, η²= .485), HR (F(10,210)=34.5, p<0.001; η²= .793) and VO2 (F(10,210)=253.5, p<0.001; η²= .969). Especially during material transportation including static work components, SBP and DBP increased significantly, while HR and VO2 were significantly elevated during dynamic transportation tasks.We found significant increases of physiological activation during typical tasks in a modern life science laboratory. During transportation tasks including stepping stairs, average HR reached cut-offs for sustained effort (120 bpm), during all other tasks HR was well below these cut-offs. Episodes of static muscular work during charging and transportation where associated with blood pressure elevations. However, as these muscular loads occur only intermittent during a work shift these elevations seem to be uncritical. Nevertheless, individual assessment is advised for persons at risk.
Impact of the Seat on Aircraft Passenger Comfort Experience in the Cabin Interior
Authors: Ahmadpour Naseem , Robert Jean-Marc , Lindgaard Gitte
Published: May 2022

The aircraft seat has been shown to impact passenger comfort experience in the cabin interior. A previous study defined passenger comfort experience in the cabin in terms of eight experiential themes. This study first investigated the possibility of differentiating passenger comfort and discomfort experience in economy class based on participants’ rating of those themes. No significant differences were found between the two concepts. Second, themes that were found to be most connected to the seat and participants’ respective concerns were highlighted. The theme ‘physical wellbeing’ was mentioned most frequently, followed by ‘peace of mind’, and ‘proxemics’. These three accounted for more than 70% of passengers’ seat experience. Among those, only the physical experience correlated with participants’ height, suggesting that to improve the passengers’ comfort experience, design efforts should go beyond the physical fit of the seat to the occupant’s body and explore passenger’s concerns for ‘peace of mind’ and ‘proxemics’.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Workstation Furniture for Wheelchair Users with reference to Brazilian Standards ABNT NBR-9050 and NR-17 on Ergonomics
Authors: Maurício Duque dos Santos Carlos , Luiz Oliveira Costa Neto Pedro , Ferreira Santosb Rosangela
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a case study using ergonomics methodology to design workstations for wheelchair users in administrative offices. The case study was conducted for a large financial institution in Brazil with headquarters in São Paulo-SP. The design project seeks to meet two existing technical standards in Brazil , one of them is Brazilian standard ABNT NBR-9050: Accessibility of Buildings, Furniture, Urban Spaces and Equipment and the other is Ergonomics standard NR-17 which sets out the minimum comfort requirements for workstation furniture . The furniture in question will enable the financial institution (a Bank) to hire operators who have locomotor disabilities so that they can work in their premises at workstations that meet users’ needs and address their limitations, as well as complying with the Labor Legislation and the Accessibility Legislation (the Law on quotas), thereby demonstrating a real social contribution of Ergodesign and Ergonomics as a whole.
Classification of Seating Postures
Authors: - Radu Moga Dan
Published: May 2022

A classification of seating postures is necessary for a systemic approach in chair ergonomics. The methodology used criteria for differentiating and grouping seating variants into categories. Morphological (hip flexion, trunk inclination, lumbar lordosis, and muscular involvement), functional (the relationship with working areas), and cultural criteria (conventional and unconventional) were brought into discussion with arguments for validation. Each valid criterion describes, by its degree of expression, two categories. Cases of particular interest were found, when two or more criteria behave interdependently. The combined categories, defined by several criteria, were used to build up a classification. Discussions resumed conventions and described multi-criteria categories.
Study of Body Postures Adopted in Public Spaces to Define Furniture Design Principles
Authors: Waldron Julie , E. Olaya Laura , Muñoz Alvaro , A. Giraldo Marco
Published: May 2022

In this study, Intermediate Body Positions refers to a group of spontaneous gestures assumed by people interacting with surrounding objects, which are in between biped-erect and sitting-standard. Furniture that motivates the sitting-standard posture is usually found in outdoors as the only option to rest; therefore users adopt different objects to rest their body. In this study, we observed the common postures adopted in public spaces while spontaneously using objects which were not designed to rest the body. The study conducted the evaluation of three Intermediate Body Positions and two control postures (sitting and standing) with two different finishing surfaces (rough and smooth), and the registration of the angles and forces in the points of support with a Dinagoniometer. The posture’s performance was evaluated in terms of time of permanence, energy expenditure and subjective perceived exertion measured in five male models in laboratory conditions. These results were compared with the angles and forces measured at each point of support. We have found that the interaction of the body with different types of materials and at different positions is crucial, since they specify not only the biophysical reaction of the body, but the individual perception. These results permitted to establish a number of design principles for furniture and public spaces.
Ergonomics in Children's Furniture -Emotional Attachment
Authors: Salvador Cristina , Vicente José , Paulo Martins João
Published: May 2022

When designing a product, frequently the focus stands on function and utility issues, however searching what kind of features can promote a bigger emotional attachment to objects is an important step for a design project. With the creation of more suitable and sustainable children's furniture as an overall objective, namely a chair that can follow child's growth from 6 months up to 7 years old, we aim to produce an object for children to bond, because affection can be the most important number in this equation. This is a mix of interview-based study with quasi-experimental drawing sessions in order to illustrate children's feelings and expectations towards the Tripp Trapp® chair, which is more than 40 years in the market, designed by Peter Opsvik and produced by Stokke® - our main case study. It gives us clues to understand what the chair of their dreams would be like and what they feel sitting on an existing chair. We identified problems concerning comfort and communication with this chair, which has very large acceptance between parents worldwide but doesn't seem so appealing to children.
Development of an Evidence Based Toolkit to Support Safe Design for Children
Authors: O'Connor Suzanne , Waterson Patrick
Published: May 2022

Visual safety information for children is not well documented. The objective of this research was to identify key issues and requirements at each stage of the design lifecycle. The development and future implementation of a guide seeks to convert evidence-based guidelines into working tools for design practitioners. Semi-Structured Interviews (n=30) conducted August- October 2013 with experts involved in working with children. Including, designers, organisations, child safety experts, applied child development specialists, testing groups, paediatric, academic, Ergonomic and Human Factors Experts. Initial analysis of the interviews identified the main problems with implementing Human Factors and Ergonomics guidance, as well as knowledge needs of design practitioners and other experts. Results look towards development of the toolset to promote a more holistic prevention/ view of safety. Key issues in implementation of the toolset include lack of an accessible format, differences between groups involved in promoting safety, lack of co-ordination between the groups and further national and regional factors.
Development of a Tool Kit for Integrated System Validation
Authors: Zhao Meiqi , Song fei , Li Zhizhong , Dong Xiaolu
Published: May 2022

As one of the important elements of Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Program Review Model (PRM) proposed by NRC, integrated system validation (ISV) is an evaluation using performance-based tests to identify human engineering discrepancies (HEDs) and improve the design of systems. However, the descriptions of criteria and methodology in HFE PRM are so general that analysts in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) industry are often encountered with confusions in real cases (Dong et al., 2013). The process of integrated system validation is so tedious and complicated that lots of manpower and time is involved. In addition, many steps of the process are repetitive and exhaustive which can be better managed by computer programs. In this study, a tool kit of ISV for NPP field is developed to support ISV data collection, data extraction and data processing. An analysis report as the output of the tool kit, would conclude results of ISV and provide reference for identifying HEDs. In this article, logic model and requirement analysis of the tool kit is described and a preliminary prototype is developed.
Visualizing Prioritized Typical and Potential Risks of Consumer Products by Graph Mining of an Accident Database
Authors: Hirata Akihisa , Kitamura Koji , Nishida Yoshifumi
Published: May 2022

Designing a safe product requires predicting how consumers will use the product and what sort of risks exist in their daily environment. However, assistive technology for risk assessment of consumer products used in the daily environment has not yet been established. One of the most promising approaches is to utilize data on actual accidents that have occurred in the past. This paper proposes a new method that uses recently developed data mining technology to predict the typical and potential risks of consumer products. The proposed method is as follows: 1) create a situational graph database by structuralizing accident data as a graph; 2) visualize the typical risk using this situational graph database; and 3) visualize the potential risk using two methods: a probabilistic latent semantic indexing (pLSI) method and a method based on the features of the product. Prioritizing design improvement requires considering severity of injury. To this end, a function for supporting severity control is also implemented. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we applied our system to a dataset of 681 cases of accidental burning or scalding injuries. Injury severity was evaluated using body area of burn and scald injuries.
An Integrated Approach to Ergonomics in the Design Phase of New Car Models: Virtual Simulation and Physical Validation
Authors: Stefaniaa Spada , Danilaa Germanà , Lidiaa Ghibaudo , Fabriziob Sessa
Published: May 2022

During the last years, the car market has been characterized by a continuous request to produce new models in few years obliging OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to develop more flexible assembly lines and better methods for job planning on the same lines. New standards on work organization also require new concepts for process design and for production: the human centered approach to improve manual assembly operations. In Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) this approach has been applied during process design, using “Digital Manufacturing” (DM) techniques and, during Process Industrialization and Production, using the EAWS and ErgoUAS Methods for ergonomic optimization of assembly tasks and for optimal line balancing (distributing the work load in the best way between workers along the lines). The DM approach is based on a detailed “virtual plant” where virtual mannequins interact with digital models of car’s components, equipment, containers, etc. in order to simulate and improve working conditions with many benefits on ergonomics, safety, final product quality, work organization and general production costs. However, to achieve these results, experimental data and physical validation are also necessary. For this reason, an Ergonomics Laboratory (“ErgoLab”) has been built in FCA in order to have a physical validation of design/virtual solutions.
Ergonomic Design of Labor Garments and the Perception of Comfort / Discomfort: A Discussion About Project Guidelines
Authors: Pereira Alvesa Rosiane , Bezerra Martinsa Laura , Barreto Martinsb Suzana
Published: May 2022

Some studies point to the importance of work as a means of social integration. In this sense, the knowledge generated by ergonomics about human factors and activities in productive public and domestic spaces have contributed to this integration. The social relations of work and productivity are mediated by worker welfare, which also involves the use of clothing with attributes that contribute to comfort and risk reduction. In this context the role of the designer is to design clothing equipped with these attributes. Therefore, the following objectives were set: To evaluate the application of project Guidelines in work clothing design and relate their use to the perception of comfort by female employees of the UFPE-CAA administrative sector. The methodological procedures were based on the "Guidelines for the design of clothing for use while performing tasks," in Alves, Martins and Martins (2013). These guidelines had a significant effect on the work-clothing project. It considered the nature of the tasks, the needs and preferences of workers. The perception test during use revealed a prevalence of physical comfort over discomfort in general.
Ergonomic Design - a Research Line in Human-Technology Interfaces
Authors: Carlos Paschoarelli Luis
Published: May 2022

Although technological developments in recent decades have improved the quality of life for many, these developments have also led to a certain amount of friction regarding human-technology interfaces. Several such cases are related to the occupational or everyday activities of users. Ergonomic design is an area of scientific understanding based on methods of biomechanical and usability evaluation, employed during the development of products and systems, whose purpose is to eliminate or minimize problems in human-technology interfaces. This area characterizes the studies developed in the Laboratory of Ergonomics and Interfaces (LEI) in the Design Postgraduate Research Program (Masters and PhD), at the Faculty of Architecture, Arts and Communication at the Univ. Estadual Paulista (Brazil). The studies are characterized as cross -sectional, and comply with the ethical principles for research with humans. Among the different studies in this area, are presented: the user experience and the usability of web-sites; ergonomic considerations in fashion and clothing; usability considerations in packaging; influence of product shape in symbolic and aesthetic aspects; biomechanical considerations in hand tools; assistive technology and product development for elderly and disabled persons; among others. The results of these studies are useful for the project and development of products and systems, once its results demonstrate the real problems of human-technology interfaces and provide reliable ergonomic and usability parameters.
Technique Analysis of Processing System for Traditional Japanese Paper Fan
Authors: Zelong Wang , Sirisuwan Porakoch , Narita Chieko
Published: May 2022

Kyo-Uchiwa is a traditional Japanese paper fan. The each main production process of Kyo-Uchiwa was described and summarized in this paper. The ‘Momi’ process was focused, which is the most important step for Kyo-Uchiwa production. The participant’s muscle activity of ‘Momi’ making process was measured and compared by electromyography (EMG) between using different bamboos with 3 days and 4 hours soaking time during the whole ‘Momi’ process. The classic electromyography fatigue indexes of EMG, MNF and MDF, were used to investigate master’s fatigue state. As a result, the bamboo of Kyo-Uchiwa frame at 3 days condition was considered as suitable production material before ‘Momi’ process.
Criteria for Measuring the Efficiency of use of Appliances: Survey from Usability Experts and Designers Opinion
Authors: Márcio Almeida e Silva Caio , Barros Neves Alexandre , Padovani Stephania
Published: May 2022

This paper is part of a larger research project that aims to propose a methodological approach that aims to measure the efficiency of use of appliances in Usability Tests. This paper, in turn, aims to develop a list of criteria that should be considered in evaluation the efficiency of use of appliances in Usability Test. To achieve this goal, a research was conducted in the literature, with researchers in usability, with designers specialize in appliances and usability experts. The tools were considered: interview and five-point Likert scale. As a result, the following criteria have been selected as a recommendation to be considered in research that address the efficient use of appliances in Usability Test: efficiency perceived by the participant, the total time to perform the task, number of steps taken to implement the task, number of errors, cognitive effort, number of attempts and number of questions.
Ergonomics and Design for Musicians
Authors: R. Prado León Lilia , A. Rey Galindo John
Published: May 2022

This research aimed to identify the potential problems or symptoms related to musculoskeletal disorders in a music students’ population, as well as the risk factors, musicians’ perceptions about the risks in their activities, ailments suffered, music practice habits, and the instruments and objects with which they interact. We carried out a comparative cross-sectional study. We used a questionnaire with 31 multiple choice and open questions. According to the results, the percentage of injuries in this research is 14%; which is less than what Shields and Dockrell (2000) found in similar population. The back and the neck are the areas, most affected by musculoskeletal medical conditions - 60 % of music students report problems in these areas, while 36% of the population is affected in their wrists and shoulders. Surprisingly, 59.1 % answered that their activities are as risky as other professions. 64% of subjects don’t perceive a need for auxiliary objects. , Based on this finding, we identify four routes for design and ergonomics for musicians.
User Centered Design Principles for Entrepreneurs: Quality and Sustainability Since Start-Ups Beginning
Authors: Serpa Teresa , Moreira da Silva Fernando
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to enhance the importance of User Centered Design specifically for entrepreneurs, improving their companies and products and/or services. The focus of the research project concerns the importance of Design in service start-ups. The current situation, with the economical crisis and the consequent unemployment, created the opportunity for many individuals to develop their own companies, generating jobs for themselves and others. Usually, those entrepreneurs choose the same work industry where they have previous experience and know-how. Anyhow we have to consider that the average of startup companies end before being three years old. Before the creation, during daydreaming and the “kitchen table meetings” phase, people underestimate the time and effort needed to create, raise and maintain this kind of companies. This is a very important moment for the company’s maintenance and future. Focusing on the paradigm change, companies and entrepreneurs need to adapt themselves to the new reality through know-how. We underline the importance of User Centered Design (methodology and tools), Ergonomics and Human Factors to develop the projects in those small companies, which are fundamental to operationalize, enhance quality and increase global sustainability leading as main research result to a model where those are core aspects.
How to Integrate Ergonomics and Sustainability in Architecture Workshops?
Authors: González Alexander , Waldron Julie
Published: May 2022

The current challenges regarding climate variations and energy consumption rates are pushing designers, architects and engineers to create strategies to improve the efficiency of new systems, as well as those already existent. In this effort to find more solutions, systems are frequently over passing the limits of the human body; affecting its health, comfort, happiness and the positive perception of the built environment. This paper contains the design of a Workshop in “Sustainability + Ergonomics” in architecture teaching. The aim of this Workshop is to encourage undergraduate students to integrate the concepts of Sustainability and Ergonomics in their professional practice. The content of the course is divided in two: 1) learning the natural environmental phenomena and 2) understanding the human body response to environmental factors for buildings´ design, with a group of experts. In order to structure the aims of this Workshop, a review of the courses in Architecture Schools from Latin-American Universities was made, to verify the inclusion of Ergonomics and Sustainability topics. Subsequently, there was a selection of the main objectives in each field of study evaluated and according to this, a theoretical and practical exercise was designed which integrated the findings of the academic review.
The Establishment and Evaluation of a Multi-Learning System to Assist the Congenitally Blind to Use the Boshiamy Method to Input Chinese Characters
Authors: Weng Teng-Hua , Hwang Sheue-Ling , Wang Jan-Li
Published: May 2022

By using a sound-decoded input method like Zhu Yin, the congenitally blind are able to input Chinese characters into a computer which allows them to type and access needed information. However, they experience great difficulty selecting the correct same-sounding characters and words from others. Consequently, their overall learning and, oftentimes, career development, suffers as a result of frequent typos which makes them even more socially vulnerable. For this study, a multi-part learning system consisting of instructional materials, three face-to-face taught instructional courses, assistive learning technologies such as NVDA, and a typing performance assessment, is established. Six subjects, three adults and three children, were chosen to participate in this experimental study. During the course of the study, each subject was assisted by a sighted individual who verbally described to the subject the components of Chinese characters. The dependent variables examined were the number of typos typed, typing accuracy, and the speed at which the subjects were able to input the characters. The study also included semi-structured interviews and scenery observation. The preliminary results of the study revealed that the adults experienced limited progression due primarily to problems adapting to the system whereas, conversely, the accuracy rate and typing confidence of the group of children was significantly enhanced.
An Introduction About the Usability of Protective Clothing: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Ricardo Leite da Silva Charles , da Cruz Landim Paula , Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos João
Published: May 2022

This study aims to develop a historical analysis of protective clothing. Initially, it is explained in the analysis adopted. I.e., the combination of a diachronic and synchronic analysis in order to reflect on the design of wearable devices, as investigated, garments of protection. To do so, carry on about the state of the art of clothing, the first record of their presence in the day-to-day company until present models. Finally, we address the particularities of a user-centered design, with a view to effective usability.
Genetic and epigenetic re-programming in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review
Authors: Guha Lahanya , Bhat Ishfaq Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is portrayed as deleterious and redundant condition. Its point-by-point progression is as yet indistinct, albeit accessible proof proposes that perplexing cooperation between inherited tendencies, ecological variable elements, and contorted and heartless responses are the causes behind the advancement of IBD. Late disclosures concerning its innate characteristics have offered a huge effect on the muddled genetic reason, be that as it may, the perceived innate legacy. The components shed light on the overall contrast in malady. It is bit by bit uncovering itself. It is discernible to say, the epigenetic parts can interpose in the association between genetic characteristics and conditions, leading to accepting an essential job in the progression of the ailment. This review encompasses the late inherited and epigenetic disclosures and jobs in IBD, with consideration regarding epigenetic changes noteworthiness in ineptitude because of illness, development, conduct, and colorectal malignant growth (CRC) and its inert capacity translational applications.
Chapter 33: Connecting and sharing diverse knowledges to support sustainable pathways in the Amazon
Authors: Varese Mariana , Rodríguez Carlos , Piland Natalia , Athayde Simone , Alvira Reyes Diana , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina , Echeverri Juan Alvaro , Jarrett Christopher , Matapi Uldarico , Brito Maciel Ney José , Posada Visnu , Romualdo Román-Jitdutjaaño Oscar , Tello Leonardo , Trujillo Luis Angel
Published: May 2022

This chapter highlights the under-recognized importance of ILK to conservation and sustainable development efforts across the Amazon, utilizing the conceptual framework of public participation in scientific research. It reviews a range of illustrative examples which articulate ILK and mainstream scientific and technical knowledges in conservation and development initiatives. We also consider recent policy recommendations and guidelines by professional associations and civil society organizations.
Chapter 34: Boosting relations between the Amazon forest and its globalizing cities
Authors: Lapola David M , Paez Belen , Costa Sandra , da Silva Junior Roberto Donato , Peluso Daniela , Moutinho Paulo , Padgurschi Maíra , Baniwa Denilson , Bridi Sônia , Calapucha Nadino , Castro Zienhe , Falconi Fander , Junior James , Kamayurá Mapulu , Kohn Eduardo , Mattos Anderson , Nassar Pedro M , Troost Laurent , Ushigua Manari , Wallace Robert , Zangas Marko
Published: May 2022

By providing a brief and non-authoritative analysis of the physical and cultural relations between rural (forest) and urban areas in the Amazon, we identify several points for improvement, such as economic incentives to encourage healthcare professionals to serve the countryside, implementing peri-urban agricultural belts to improve urban food security, increasing access to urban green spaces, and investing in innovation around the “smart cities, smart forests” concept. Perhaps most importantly, this would include mobilizing human, financial, and institutional resources to restore cultural, spiritual, and affective bonds between urban and forest inhabitants.
Chapter 29: Restoration priorities and benefits within landscapes and catchments and across the Amazon basin
Authors: Barlow Jos , Sist Plinio , Almeida Rafael , Arantes Caroline , Berenguer Erika , Caron Patrick , Cuesta Francisco , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina , Ferreira Joice , Flecker Alexander , Heilpern Sebastian , Kalamandeen Michelle , Lees Alexander C , Nascimento Nathalia , Piponiot Laroche Camille , Santos Pompeu Paulo , Souza Carlos , Valentim Judson F
Published: May 2022

Restoration can be applied in many different Amazonian contexts, but will be most effective at leveraging environmental and social benefits when it is prioritized across the Amazon basin, landscapes, and catchments. Here we outline the considerations that are most relevant for planning and scaling restoration across the Amazon.
The multiple viewpoints for the Amazon: geographic limits and meanings
Authors:   Science Panel for the Amazon, Albert James , Hoorn Carina , Malhi Yadvinder , Phillips Oliver , Encalada Andrea C. , ter Steege Hans , Melack John , Trumbore Susan E. , Hecht Susanna , Varese Mariana , Peña-Claros Marielos , Roca Fernando A.
Published: May 2022

The geographic term “Amazon” describes several distinct but overlapping hydrological, geological, biological, and geopolitical entities located in northern South America (Albert et al. 2018). It is therefore useful to distinguish the Amazon as a drainage basin, a sedimentary basin, a biodiversity province, and a geopolitical unit. This report describes the multiple boundaries and definitions of the geographical area called "the Amazon".
Chapter 25: A Pan-Amazonian sustainable development vision
Authors: Alencar Ane , Painter Lilian , Athayde Simone , Bynoe Paulette , Duchelle Amy E , Hecht Susanna , Murmis María R , Paez Belen , Soltani Atossa , Leite Lucas Isabella
Published: May 2022

Developing a clear vision is the central starting point for any action plan. This chapter reviews the main visions regarding the Amazon and proposes a Living Amazon Vision based on a set of values, principles, and knowledge systems described throughout the chapter.
Chapter 20: Drivers and impacts of changes in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Fearnside Philip , Berenguer Erika , Armenteras Dolors , Duponchelle Fabrice , Mosquera Guerra Federico , Jenkins Clinton N , Bynoe Paulette , García-Villacorta Roosevelt , Macedo Marcia , Val Adalberto Luis , Fonseca de Almeida-Val Vera Maria , Nascimento Nathalia
Published: May 2022

Amazonian aquatic ecosystems are being destroyed and threats to their integrity are projected to grow in number and intensity. Here we present some of the main impacts on aquatic ecosystems triggered by infrastructure projects and predatory and illegal practices.
Chapter 10: Critical interconnections between the cultural and biological diversity of Amazonian peoples and ecosystems
Authors: Athayde Simone , Shepard Glenn , Cardoso Thiago M , van der Voort Hein , Zent Stanford , Rosero-Peña Martha Cecilia , Almeyda Zambrano Angélica , Wawaeitxapôh Suruí Gasodá , Larrea-Alcazar Daniel M
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the Amazon’s biocultural diversity, focusing on IPLCs’ worldviews, knowledge systems, livelihood strategies, and governance regimes. It synthesizes the main social and political processes that have led to the formal recognition of IPLCs’ lands and/or territories across the Amazon. The chapter highlights IPLCs’ critical role in using, shaping, conserving, and restoring Amazonian ecosystems and biodiversity, despite historic ongoing processes including violence, displacement, and conflicts between conservation and development agendas.
Chapter 21: Human well-being and health impacts of the degradation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Armenteras Dolors , Berenguer Erika , Andreazzi Cecilia S , Dávalos Liliana M , Duponchelle Fabrice , Hacon Sandra , Lescano Andres G , Macedo Marcia , Nascimento Nathalia
Published: May 2022

Amazonian forests and aquatic ecosystems are the basis for several ecosystem services, all of which play a crucial role in people’s livelihoods, human well-being, and health. Some of the most relevant and challenging health problems in the Amazon are associated with deforestation and degradation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including the risk of contracting infectious diseases, respiratory problems caused by exposure to smoke from deforestation and forest fires, and mercury contamination caused by gold mining. Here we demonstrate that environmental degradation affects the health of millions of Amazonians.
Chapter 11: Economic drivers in the Amazon from the 19th century to the 1970s
Authors: Larrea-Alcazar Daniel M , Cuvi Nicolás , Valentim Judson F , Diaz Arriola Luisa Esther , Vidal Silvia , Palacio Germán
Published: May 2022

This chapter identifies the main economic processes that occurred in the Brazilian, Andean, and Guyanese Amazon from the 19th century until the 1970s. Specifically, the chapter describes the history of extractivism and the effects of geopolitical reconfiguration on the Amazon after the process of emancipation or decolonization. It analyzes the extraction of quina barks (species of the genus Chinchona, Rubiaceae) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbiacae), as well as the resulting characteristics and practices developed by social actors related to the local and regional economy. It also describes the history and emergence of exploitation of oil and minerals (mainly gold), including the beginning of wildlife trafficking and the emergence of mechanized agriculture, intensive livestock, and mega-infrastructure.
Chapter 6A: The Amazon Carbon Budget
Authors: Gatti Luciana V , Melack John , Basso Luana S , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Aguiar Ana Paula , Pangala Sunitha , Saleska Scott R , Aragão Luiz E O , Phillips Oliver L , Armenteras Dolors
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this cross-chapter is to summarize the status of the Amazon as a source or sink of carbon (C). The processes and studies involved are detailed in other SPA chapters. The major challenge of determining the Amazon’s status as a net C source or sink at a continental scale is that many complex processes contribute to C fluxes. Unlike in other regions, emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are minor contributors to Amazonian fluxes. Instead, the major sinks and sources of C to the atmosphere are associated with the net accumulation or loss of biomass, with losses including deforestation, biomass burning, and tree mortality followed by decomposition. Biomass accumulates in areas where tree growth exceeds losses. The Amazon includes not only intact forests, also but degraded and logged forests, natural non-forests, agricultural and urban areas, and aquatic systems including wetlands that all contribute to regional carbon cycling.
Chapter 31A: Legacy from the Ancestors: Amazonian Biocultural Landscapes and Global Sustainability in a Post-COVID-19 World
Authors: Athayde Simone , Eduardo G Eduardo G , Shepard Glenn , Heckenberger Michael
Published: May 2022

Did you know that chocolate, peanuts, manioc, chili peppers, Brazil nut, açai, and many other regionally and globally important foods were first managed or domesticated by Amazonian Indigenous peoples? Here, we explain how Indigenous peoples have shaped forest landscapes across the Amazon, and why they remain key partners for preserving and sustainably using biodiversity.
Chapter 22: Long-term variability, extremes, and changes in temperature and hydro meteorology
Authors: Marengo José A , Espinoza Jhan-Carlo , Fu Rong , Jimenez Muñoz Juan Carlos , Muniz Alves Lincoln , Ribeiro da Rocha Humberto , Schongart Jochen
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes the observed and projected changes in temperature, river discharge, and precipitation patterns and extremes in the Amazon region, as well as their impacts and possible thresholds. The emphasis is on the effect of climactic extremes on biodiversity and ecological processes.
Changes in Consumption Habits in Restaurant Diners before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, in Cancun, Quintana Roo
Authors: Berumen Calderón Mauro Felipe , Cristerna Damayanti Estolano , Mondragón Sandra Guerra , Sterling Zozoaga Angelica Selene
Published: May 2022

Diverse factors can influence consumers' purchase intention leading them to change their consumption habits. The COVID-19 disease has influenced the population's behavior patterns, lifestyle changes, and food consumption impacting the restaurant sector. This research is a non-experimental, cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. The correlational scope proved the association and variability referring to the consumption habits of diners in Cancun, Quintana Roo, showing the changes that defined this population before and during the pandemic. Significant variations showed up: the average group size for eating out during labor days leads to an estimate of a decrease of 44.1% in weekly income for restaurants derived from group behaviors. In their habits with friends and family, this same variable decreased by 56%.
Las Obras completas de Eça de Queirós (Aguilar), censuradas por el franquismo
Authors: Dasilva Xosé Manuel
Published: May 2022

Este artículo constituye una aproximación a la historia de las traducciones españolas durante el régimen franquista del extraordinario narrador Eça de Queirós, seguramente el autor portugués de todos los tiempos más perseguido por la dictadura. Se analizan en especial las vicisitudes de sus Obras completas, que Julio Gómez de la Serna tradujo y organizó en dos tomos para la conocida editorial Aguilar, sin duda el proyecto de mayor importancia en dicha época para difundir la totalidad de la producción del novelista luso. Publicadas por primera vez en 1948 tras someterse al rígido control de la censura, su reedición se prohibió a comienzos de los años cincuenta. Hubo que esperar hasta principios de la década de los sesenta para que pudiese salir de la imprenta otra edición de tales Obras completas en territorio español.
Xela Arias en la traducción. Verso y recto
Authors: Luna Alonso Ana
Published: May 2022

Xela Arias (1962-2003) se inició muy joven en la traducción en la recién creada Edicións Xerais de Galicia (1979), donde trabajó como correctora de estilo y editora. Xerais será la editorial de cabecera donde publicará sus poemarios y también la empresa en la que vieron la luz muchas de sus traducciones, en su mayoría dirigidas a un público juvenil que se iniciaba en un proceso de alfabetización en lengua gallega. Arias tradujo una veintena de obras al tiempo que escribía, pero su temprano fallecimiento truncó una brillante carrera literaria. En este trabajo damos cuenta del interés que tiene su labor profesional para los Estudios de Traducción e investigamos sobre el impacto exterior que ha tenido su obra en los espacios en los que ha sido acogida, como traducción propia o ajena. Estas son dos de las facetas menos conocidas por la crítica académica, que se ha ocupado de analizar la producción cultural de la autora.
Vint anys d’Interpretació als Serveis Públics a Catalunya : estat de la qüestió i recerca
Authors: Arumí Ribas Marta , García-Beyaert Sofía
Published: May 2022

Aquest article presenta una reflexió sobre l’evolució de la interpretació als serveis públics (ISP) a Catalunya des de les primeres iniciatives fins a l’actualitat. Comencem per analitzar els trets distintius d’aquesta modalitat en relació amb altres maneres de traduir i d’interpretar i en caracteritzem l’excepcionalitat, que rau en el fet que dona resposta a una necessitat social i a l’exercici de drets fonamentals. Malgrat el caràcter essencial de la comunicació als serveis públics, el perfil de l’intèrpret d’aquest sector continua estant poc definit i regulat. L’article fa un repàs dels factors que dificulten la professionalització de la ISP: indefinició en la política pública, realitat dinàmica de la composició multilingüe de la societat catalana, manca d’un sistema d’acreditació i gestió privada d’un servei d’interès públic. També s’analitza l’evolució de la recerca sobre ISP a Catalunya, que al llarg dels anys s’ha interessat per àmbits com ara la salut, l’educació i la justícia. Finalment, es palesa la necessitat de cobrir l’escletxa entre el coneixement obtingut amb la recerca i l’acció política i institucional.
Kölb, Julia; Orlova, Iryna; Wolf, Michaela (eds.). ¿Pasarán? – Kommunikation im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Interacting in the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Cascales Serrano Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2022

Kölb, Julia; Orlova, Iryna; Wolf, Michaela (eds.)¿Pasarán? – Kommunikation im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Interacting in the Spanish Civil WarViena: New Academic Press, 2020, 224 p.ISBN 978-3-7003-2179-8
Matamala, Anna. Accessibilitat i traducció audiovisual
Authors: Mangiron Carme
Published: May 2022

Matamala, AnnaAccessibilitat i traducció audiovisualVic: Eumo, 2019, 275 p.ISBN 978-84-9766-678-9
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTS, PROMOTION AND DISTRIBUTION ON PURCHASING DECISIONS OF SCARLETT COSMETICS (A SURVEY OF RETAIL STORES IN BANGKINANG KOTA)
Authors: Rahmadani Ulfah , Yusril Muhammad , Arman Arman
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of product, promotion and distribution on purchasing decisions of Scarlett cosmetics (a survey of retail stores in Bangkinang Kota). The types and data sourcesu used in this study are primary and secondary data, while the data collection technique is using questionnaires, research files, observations. in this study, the researcher used multiple linear analysis with a sample of 100 people as the data analysis. The sample collection technique is using accidental sampling technique. Based on the results of the simultaneous variables test, product, promotion and distribution have an effect on for Scarlett cosmetics purchasing decisions (a survey of retail stores in Bangkinang Kota), while based on a partial variables test, product, promotion and distribution have shown to have a significant effect individually on Scarlett cosmetic purchasing decisions (survey on retail stores in Bangkinang Kota), The closeness relationship occurs between product variable, promotion and distribution on purchasing decisions is very strong Meanwhile, the independent variable contributions to the dependent variable is 59.9%,.
Business Success Review from Entrepreneur Orientation, Entrepreneur Competency, and Entrepreneur Leadership study on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Mataram City
Authors: Santi Nururly  , Mukmin Suryatni  , Mahyudin Natsir  , M. Ilhamudin
Published: May 2022

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must have the capability and strategy to seize opportunities and renew the market. The business's success shows by being able to survive and be able to provide prosperity for entrepreneurs. This research examines business success in SMEs in Mataram City, which is associated with entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competence, and entrepreneurial leadership. The research sample takes from all SMEs in Mataram City, which has official permission from the government. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to SME leaders. The results show that entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competence, and entrepreneurial leadership can be aspects that can increase business success.
Effect of Credit to Farmers and Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria
Authors: Adewale, A.T  , Lawal O.A  , Aberu, F  , Toriola A.K
Published: May 2022

In Nigeria, there has been a continuous decline in farmers access to credit facilities. This study examined the effect of farmers credit on agricultural productivity from 1981 to 2016 using data from World Bank Development Index (WDI). The result of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation shows that agricultural bank credit (β=0.667173, t=5.961095 & P<0.05) exerts a significant positive effect on agricultural output. Bank lending rate (β=1.094792, t=1.295874 & P>0.05) and foreign exchange rate (β=0.124297, t=0.437929 & P>0.05) do not show a significant effect on agricultural output. It was submitted that bank credit has a significant positive effect on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The need for government to promote savings and bank credit to farmers was recommended.
FACTORES EMOCIONALES EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS. UNA EXPERIENCIA EN LA EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
Authors: Bedoya Corrales Yuliana , Martin-Fiorino Víctor , Holguín Higuita Amparo
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación centrada en una experiencia sobre el papel de las emociones en la educación matemática que se llevó a cabo en la Maestría en Psicopedagogía de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Medellín, Colombia en 2019, con estudiantes de educación básica primaria en un colegio público de la ciudad. El objetivo principal de este artículo es conocer el papel de los factores emocionales que favorecen el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, a partir de su estudio en nivel de la educación básica primaria. Para ello, a partir de la revisión teórica se procedió mediante entrevistas grupales y observación participante. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron, en relación con los estudiantes involucrados, que la apatía y rechazo o la atracción hacia las matemáticas se determinan, de modo importante, en función de las aprobaciones o reprobaciones de tareas y pruebas de esa asignatura, lo que condiciona el trato que en adelante recibirán por parte de los docentes. Ello indica el interés de estudiar la imbricación de las emociones en esta área de la educación básica primaria y la necesidad de establecer el nivel de su incidencia en el aprendizaje matemático desde los inicios de la escolaridad.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and association with depression among hemodialysis patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: khan Hamad Ahmad , Naeem Muhammad , Begum Raheela
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP), formerly known as the uremic pruritus, is commonly observed in the patients with the hemodialysis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Ckd-aP and to associate it with depression in hemodialysis patients. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients of CKD-aP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, from March 2021 to March 2022. This research was conducted at multiple hospitals in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (different hospitals such as Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Zia Medical complex, Irfan General Hospital, and others). The sample size for this research was 1000, of which 700 were confirmed patients with the CKD-aP. Research shows that the prevalence of CKD-aP is higher in males than in females. This disease creates a negative impact on mental health and causes a range of depressive disorders, among diseased persons.