bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Candidate Genes for Economically Important Carcass Cutting in Commercial Pigs through GWAS
Authors: Zhou Fuchen , Quan Jianping , Ruan Donglin , Qiu Yibin , Ding Rongrong , Xu Cineng , Ye Yong , Cai Gengyuan , Liu Langqing , Zhang Zebin , Yang Jie , Wu Zhenfang , Zheng Enqin
Published: October 2023

During the process of pork production, the carcasses of pigs are divided and sold, which provides better economic benefits and market competitiveness for pork production than selling the carcass as a whole. Due to the significant cost of post-slaughter phenotypic measurement, the genetic architecture of tenderloin weight (TLNW) and rib weight (RIBW)—important components of pig carcass economic value—remain unknown. In this study, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for TLNW and RIBW traits in a population of 431 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. In our study, the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with TLNW was identified as ASGA0085853 (3.28 Mb) on Sus scrofa chromosome 12 (SSC12), while for RIBW, it was Affx-1115046258 (172.45 Mb) on SSC13. Through haplotype block analysis, we discovered a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with TLNW, spanning a 5 kb region on SSC12, and a novel RIBW-associated QTL spanning 1.42 Mb on SSC13. Furthermore, we hypothesized that three candidate genes, TIMP2 and EML1, and SMN1, are associated with TLNW and RIBW, respectively. Our research not only addresses the knowledge gap regarding TLNW, but also serves as a valuable reference for studying RIBW. The identified SNP loci strongly associated with TLNW and RIBW may prove useful for marker-assisted selection in pig breeding programs.
Relying on Incomplete Information Can Lead to the Wrong Conclusions. Comment on van Hassel, F.; Bovenkerk, B. How Should We Help Wild Animals Cope with Climate Change? The Case of the Iberian Lynx. Animals 2023, 13, 453
Authors: Beltrán Juan F. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eduardo J.
Published: October 2023

In their recent paper, Van Hassel and Bovenkerk [...]
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Biosecurity Implementation in Italian Poultry Farms
Authors: Laconi Andrea , Tilli Giuditta , Galuppo Francesco , Grilli Guido , Souillard Rozenn , Piccirillo Alessandra
Published: October 2023

The level of implementation of biosecurity measures (BMs), the reasons for not implementing BMs and the effectiveness of BMs were assessed according to the perceptions of stakeholders (i.e., farmers and advisors) in Italian poultry farms. For this purpose, data were collected using a questionnaire administered to advisors (n = 37) and farmers (n = 30) of conventional broiler (n = 13) and layer (n = 13), free-range broiler (n = 8) and layer (n = 10), turkey (n = 13), duck (n = 3) and breeder (n = 7) farms between April and September 2021. The frequency of the implementation of BMs was 66.97% and 81.14% according to the answers provided by the advisors and farmers, respectively, with the breeder sector showing the highest level of implementation (85.71%). “Not knowing advantages” (21.49% for advisors) and “other/specific reasons” (21.49% for advisors and 38.32% for farmers) were the most common answers regarding the lack of implementation of BMs for all poultry sectors. Only 31.09% of farmers acknowledged the effectiveness of not-implemented BMs in contrast to 61.02% of advisors, with the layers’ stakeholders being the most aware. The findings of this study may be useful for identifying failures in biosecurity and failures to develop intervention strategies to fulfil the biosecurity gaps still present in Italian poultry farms.
Case Study: Validation of the Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves Method for Concrete Pavement Condition Evaluation
Authors: Qiao Ming , Wang Xue , Hou Rui
Published: October 2023

Before conducting pavement rehabilitation, the concrete pavement performance evaluation is more than necessary to assess the strength and analyze the internal condition. To evaluate the modulus performance of concrete pavement and provide theoretical support for subsequent maintenance and rehabilitation, the SASW (Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves) method, a non-destructive testing method based on surface waves, was used to determine the modulus of three in-service concrete pavements. At the same time, FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) testing and on-site coring were carried out at the measuring points. Through the analysis of modulus results measured in the field, it was found that the SASW method can accurately obtain the elastic modulus of the concrete layer and base layer. Compared with the concrete modulus measured by FWD, the modulus measured by the SASW method was closer to the uniaxial compressive modulus. Moreover, since the SASW method has the ability to provide gradient modulus varying with depth and determine the pavement thicknesses, it is reasonable to recognize the location of the inherent distress based on the region where the modulus suddenly decreases within one layer. The comprehensive evaluation of concrete pavement condition, including the modulus value and internal distress recognition, has the capability to assist in determining the design of overlay asphalt thickness and material.
Development of a Virtual Reality Tool for Train Crew Training
Authors: Tubis Agnieszka A. , Restel Franciszek , Jodejko-Pietruczuk Anna
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: The article presents the results of research carried out as part of one of the project’s tasks, aiming to develop training scenarios for selected workstations related to the operation of passenger rail transport. The article aims to present the results of a training experiment to verify the effectiveness of the developed training scenario for conductors regarding lift operations for people with disabilities. (2) Methods: The study used an analysis of the execution times of individual training tasks, accompanying observation, face-to-face interviews, and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various training strategies. The research was carried out following the developed five-stage research procedure. (3) Results: The obtained research results confirm the benefits of using virtual reality in training conductors and allow for determining the most effective training strategy. The measurements of the execution times of individual training operations made it possible to identify the tasks in the training program that were the most time-consuming or characterized by highly diversified execution times. (4) Conclusions: Based on the research, it was possible to develop recommendations regarding the changes that should be introduced in the training tool to better adapt to the real conditions of service operations. The effectiveness of using this form of training in relation to the improvement of a selected group of employees was confirmed.
Conceptual Design and Energy Efficiency Evaluation for a Novel Torque Vectoring Differential Applied to Front-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chung Cheng-Ta , Tsai Hung-Yih
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a novel differential with lateral torque vectoring activated by an auxiliary motor, called motor-modulated lateral torque vectoring differential, or briefly, MLTD. Its architecture and kinematic characteristics are described, and the optimal cornering performance due to torque vectoring is evaluated using a steady-state vehicle dynamic model. Then, a conceptual design case of MLTD installed in a front-wheel-drive electric vehicle is conducted to assess its feasibility in terms of cornering, driving performances, and energy efficiency performance. The calculations show that an optimal distribution ratio between left and right torques for maximum lateral acceleration can be obtained for a specific cornering condition, further used for DM sizing in the preliminary stage. The simulations for energy consumption at constant-speed turning reveal that energy efficiencies of MLTD are lower than those of conventional differentials with evenly distributed torques. However, this deficiency may be paid off by moderately cutting down the rolling resistance of tire while the superior cornering performances brought by torque vectoring is still preserved. Accordingly, the newly proposed MLTD possesses greater flexibility to improve energy efficiency and driving range of electric vehicles without trading off against its desirable cornering performance and safe handling, and is thus worthy of further development.
PSO-SVM Based Performance-Driving Scheduling Method for Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Yu Qingyun , Jiang Bowen , Zhang Yaxuan , Gong Wei , Li Li
Published: October 2023

There are currently many studies on data-driven optimization scheduling, but only a few studies have combined “closed-loop optimization” with “performance-driven”. Therefore, this research proposed a PSO-SVM-based (particle swarm optimization optimized support vector machine) scheduling method that reconciles the composite dispatching rules (CDR), performance-driving ideology, and feedback mechanism ideology. Firstly, the composite dispatching rules coalesce flexible equipment maintenance, multiple process constraints, and dynamic dispatching. Secondly, the performance-driving ideology is carried out through two learning models based on the PSO-SVM algorithm, based on targeted optimizing performances. Thirdly, the feedback mechanism ideology makes the scheduling method realize closed-loop optimizations adaptively. Finally, the superiority of the proposed scheduling method is validated in a semiconductor manufacturing system in China. Compared with CDR, the proposed scheduling method combines MOV, PR, and EU, respectively EU_ O, EU_ P, PCSR and ODR increased by 7.85%, 5.11%, 8.76%, 8.14%, 6.60%, and 7.33%, indicating the superiority of this method.
A Comparative Study of the Explicit Finite Difference Method and Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving the Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Savović Svetislav , Ivanović Miloš , Min Rui
Published: October 2023

The Burgers’ equation is solved using the explicit finite difference method (EFDM) and physics-informed neural networks (PINN). We compare our numerical results, obtained using the EFDM and PINN for three test problems with various initial conditions and Dirichlet boundary conditions, with the analytical solutions, and, while both approaches yield very good agreement, the EFDM results are more closely aligned with the analytical solutions. Since there is good agreement between all of the numerical findings from the EFDM, PINN, and analytical solutions, both approaches are competitive and deserving of recommendation. The conclusions that are provided are significant for simulating a variety of nonlinear physical phenomena, such as those that occur in flood waves in rivers, chromatography, gas dynamics, and traffic flow. Additionally, the concepts of the solution techniques used in this study may be applied to the development of numerical models for this class of nonlinear partial differential equations by present and future model developers of a wide range of diverse nonlinear physical processes.
The Effects of Negative Pressure Induced by Flow Separation Vortices on Vocal Fold Dynamics during Voice Production
Authors: Jiang Weili , Zheng Xudong , Farbos de Luzan Charles , Oren Liran , Gutmark Ephraim , Xue Qian
Published: October 2023

This study used a two-dimensional flow-structure-interaction computer model to investigate the effects of flow-separation-vortex-induced negative pressure on vocal fold vibration and flow dynamics during vocal fold vibration. The study found that negative pressure induced by flow separation vortices enhances vocal fold vibration by increasing aeroelastic energy transfer during vibration. The result showed that the intraglottal pressure was predominantly negative after flow separation before gradually recovering to zero at the glottis exit. When the negative pressure was removed, the vibration amplitude and flow rate were reduced by up to 20%, and the closing speed, flow skewness quotient, and maximum flow declination rate were reduced by up to 40%. The study provides insights into the complex interactions between flow dynamics, vocal fold vibration, and energy transfer during voice production.
Investigation of the Mechanical Response of the Foot Structure Considering Push-Off Angles in Speed Skating
Authors: Wang Haichun , Wu Yusen , Liu Jingxi , Zhu Xiaolan
Published: October 2023

The push-off angle is an important factor affecting speed-skating performance. However, quantitative evidence for the relationship between the push-off angle and foot injury is incomplete. This study aimed to establish a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) and investigate the mechanical responses of foot structures to stress and strain to explore the relationship between injury and movement. A 3D FEM was reconstructed using CT and 3D scan data and validated by comparing the FEM-predicted and in vivo measurement data in the balanced standing state. A push-off angle obtained from a video of a champion was loaded into the FEM. The error rates of validation were less than 10%. With a decrease in the push-off angle, the stress on the metatarsal increased; the stress on the talus, ankle joint cartilage and plantar fascia decreased, as did the strain on the ankle joint cartilage and plantar fascia. The FEM was considered reasonable. Not all foot structures had an increased risk of injury with a decrease in the push-off angle from 70° to 42°. The FEM established in this study provides a possibility for further determining and quantifying the relationship between foot injury and skating technique.
Characterising the Physiological Responses of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Subjected to Heat and Oxygen Stress
Authors: Marcoli Roberta , Symonds Jane , Walker Seumas , Battershill Christopher , Bird Steve
Published: October 2023

In New Zealand, during the hottest periods of the year, some salmon farms in the Marlborough Sounds reach water temperatures above the optimal range for Chinook salmon. High levels of mortality are recorded during these periods, emphasising the importance of understanding thermal stress in this species. In this study, the responses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to chronic, long-term changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen were investigated. This is a unique investigation due to the duration of the stress events the fish were exposed to. Health and haematological parameters were analysed alongside gene expression results to determine the effects of thermal stress on Chinook salmon. Six copies of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were discovered and characterised: HSP90AA1.1a, HSP90AA1.2a, HSP90AA1.1b, HSP90AA1.2b, HSP90AB1a and HSP90AB1b, as well as two copies of SOD1, named SOD1a and SOD1b. The amino acid sequences contained features similar to those found in other vertebrate HSP90 and SOD1 sequences, and the phylogenetic tree and synteny analysis provided conclusive evidence of their relationship to other vertebrate HSP90 and SOD1 genes. Primers were designed for qPCR to enable the expression of all copies of HSP90 and SOD1 to be analysed. The expression studies showed that HSP90 and SOD1 were downregulated in the liver and spleen in response to longer term exposure to high temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen. HSP90 was also downregulated in the gill; however, the results for SOD1 expression in the gill were not conclusive. This study provides important insights into the physiological and genetic responses of Chinook salmon to temperature and oxygen stress, which are critical for developing sustainable fish aquaculture in an era of changing global climates.
MiRNA and Exosomal miRNA as New Biomarkers Useful to Phenotyping Severe Asthma
Authors: Soccio Piera , Moriondo Giorgia , Lacedonia Donato , Tondo Pasquale , Pescatore Dalila , Quarato Carla Maria Irene , Carone Mauro , Foschino Barbaro Maria Pia , Scioscia Giulia
Published: October 2023

Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Due to the extreme heterogeneity of symptoms, new biomarkers are currently needed. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In biological fluids, miRNAs are contained within exosomes, vesicles capable of giving miRNAs considerable stability and resistance to degradation by RNAses. The main function attributed to the exosomes is intercellular communication. The goal of our study was to analyze intracellular and exosomal miRNAs in order to demonstrate their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers of asthma by showing, in particular, their role in SA. We detected miRNAs by qRT-PCR in both serum and serum-derived-exosomes of asthmatic patients and healthy controls. The levels of almost all analyzed intracellular miRNAs (miR-21, miR-223, and let-7a) were greater in asthmatic patients vs. healthy control, except for miR-223. In detail, miR-21 was greater in SA, while let-7a increased in mild-to-moderate asthma. On the other hand, in exosomes, all analyzed miRNAs were higher in SA. This study identified a series of miRNAs involved in SA, highlighting their potential role in asthma development and progression. These results need validation on a larger cohort.
A Rare Case of Anca Positivity and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dacheva Rositsa , Kurteva Ekaterina , Boyadzhieva Vladimira , Stoilov Rumen , Kyurkchiev Dobroslav , Stoilov Nikolay
Published: October 2023

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic large-vessel vasculitis characterized by immune-mediated panarteritis, which predominantly affects the aorta and its main branches and is most prevalent in young women. TA is unusually associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. We present a case report of a 48-year-old Caucasian woman with acute aortic dissection as an initial feature of TA, where detailed clinical, imaging and laboratory studies were performed. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest and abdomen revealed aortic dissection DeBakey I. Bentall and De Bono surgery was performed. Additional immunological tests revealed positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) with the simultaneous presence of pANCA and cANCA antibodies on indirect immunofluorescence, along with anti-MPO+PR3+antibodies positivity in the absence of a clinically relevant disease. Surprisingly, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were detected. Then, we performed a thorough review of the current literature. The coexistence of aPL antibodies and dual specificity for MPO and PR3 in a patient diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis is unusual and poses a diagnostic challenge. The presented case report outlines a rare case of aortic dissection as a presenting symptom of TA, along with atypical ANCA positivity and positive APL antibodies.
Robot Arm Reaching Based on Inner Rehearsal
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Zou Yudi , Wei Yaoyao , Nie Mengxi , Liu Tianlin , Luo Dingsheng
Published: October 2023

Robot arm motion control is a fundamental aspect of robot capabilities, with arm reaching ability serving as the foundation for complex arm manipulation tasks. However, traditional inverse kinematics-based methods for robot arm reaching struggle to cope with the increasing complexity and diversity of robot environments, as they heavily rely on the accuracy of physical models. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach to robot arm motion control, inspired by the cognitive mechanism of inner rehearsal observed in humans. The core concept revolves around the robot’s ability to predict or evaluate the outcomes of motion commands before execution. This approach enhances the learning efficiency of models and reduces the mechanical wear on robots caused by excessive physical executions. We conduct experiments using the Baxter robot in simulation and the humanoid robot PKU-HR6.0 II in a real environment to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach for robot arm reaching across different platforms. The internal models converge quickly and the average error distance between the target and the end-effector on the two platforms is reduced by 80% and 38%, respectively.
Bio-Inspired Spotted Hyena Optimizer with Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Automated Food Image Classification
Authors: Mahgoub Hany , Aldehim Ghadah , Almalki Nabil Sharaf , Issaoui Imène , Mahmud Ahmed , Alneil Amani A.
Published: October 2023

Food image classification, an interesting subdomain of Computer Vision (CV) technology, focuses on the automatic classification of food items represented through images. This technology has gained immense attention in recent years thanks to its widespread applications spanning dietary monitoring and nutrition studies to restaurant recommendation systems. By leveraging the developments in Deep-Learning (DL) techniques, especially the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), food image classification has been developed as an effective process for interacting with and understanding the nuances of the culinary world. The deep CNN-based automated food image classification method is a technology that utilizes DL approaches, particularly CNNs, for the automatic categorization and classification of the images of distinct kinds of foods. The current research article develops a Bio-Inspired Spotted Hyena Optimizer with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based Automated Food Image Classification (SHODCNN-FIC) approach. The main objective of the SHODCNN-FIC method is to recognize and classify food images into distinct types. The presented SHODCNN-FIC technique exploits the DL model with a hyperparameter tuning approach for the classification of food images. To accomplish this objective, the SHODCNN-FIC method exploits the DCNN-based Xception model to derive the feature vectors. Furthermore, the SHODCNN-FIC technique uses the SHO algorithm for optimal hyperparameter selection of the Xception model. The SHODCNN-FIC technique uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model for the detection and classification of food images. A detailed set of experiments was conducted to demonstrate the better food image classification performance of the proposed SHODCNN-FIC technique. The wide range of simulation outcomes confirmed the superior performance of the SHODCNN-FIC method over other DL models.
Microfluidic Device-Based Virus Detection and Quantification in Future Diagnostic Research: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Escobar Andres , Diab-Liu Alex , Bosland Kamaya , Xu Chang-qing
Published: October 2023

The global economic and healthcare crises experienced over the past three years, as a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the commonplace habits of humans around the world. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) phenomenon, has contributed to the deaths of millions of people around the world. The potential diagnostic applications of microfluidic devices have previously been demonstrated to effectively detect and quasi-quantify several different well-known viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. As a result, microfluidics has been further explored as a potential alternative to our currently available rapid tests for highly virulent diseases to better combat and manage future potential outbreaks. The outbreak management during COVID-19 was initially hindered, in part, by the lack of available quantitative rapid tests capable of confirming a person’s active infectiousness status. Therefore, this review will explore the use of microfluidic technology, and more specifically RNA-based virus detection methods, as an integral part of improved diagnostic capabilities and will present methods for carrying the lessons learned from COVID-19 forward, toward improved diagnostic outcomes for future pandemic-level threats. This review will first explore the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and how diagnostic technology was shown to have required even greater advancements to keep pace with the transmission of such a highly infectious virus. Secondly, the historical significance of integrating microfluidic technology in diagnostics and how the different types of genetic-based detection methods may vary in their potential practical applications. Lastly, the review will summarize the past, present, and future potential of RNA-based virus detection/diagnosis and how it might be used to better prepare for a future pandemic.
Ruthenium-Anchored Carbon Sphere-Customized Sensor for the Selective Amperometric Detection of Melatonin
Authors: Jayaraman Sivaguru , Rajarathinam Thenmozhi , Jang Hyeon-Geun , Thirumalai Dinakaran , Lee Jaewon , Paik Hyun-Jong , Chang Seung-Cheol
Published: October 2023

Melatonin (MT), a pineal gland hormone, regulates the sleep/wake cycle and is a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders, depression, hypertension, and several cancers, including prostate cancer and hepatocarcinoma. The amperometric detection of MT was achieved using a sensor customized with ruthenium-incorporated carbon spheres (Ru–CS), possessing C- and O-rich catalytically active Ru surfaces. The non-covalent interactions and ion–molecule adducts between Ru and CS favor the formation of heterojunctions at the sensor–analyte interface, thus accelerating the reactions towards MT. The Ru–CS/Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) sensor demonstrated the outstanding electrocatalytic oxidation of MT owing to its high surface area and heterogeneous rate constants and afforded a lower detection limit (0.27 μM), high sensitivity (0.85 μA μM −1 cm−2), and excellent selectivity for MT with the co-existence of crucial neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. High concentrations of active biomolecules, such as ascorbic acid and tyrosine, did not interfere with MT detection. The practical feasibility of the sensor for MT detection in pharmaceutical samples was demonstrated, comparable to the data provided on the product labels. The developed amperometric sensor is highly suitable for the quality control of medicines because of its low cost, simplicity, small sample size, speed of analysis, and potential for automation.
Working Memory-Related Neurofunctional Correlates Associated with the Frontal Lobe in Children with Familial vs. Non-Familial Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Motwani Chirag , Cao Meng , Martin Elizabeth , Halperin Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2023

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high prevalence, heritability, and heterogeneity. Children with a positive family history of ADHD have a heightened risk of ADHD emergence, persistence, and executive function deficits, with the neural mechanisms having been under investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate working memory-related functional brain activation patterns in children with ADHD (with vs. without positive family histories (ADHD-F vs. ADHD-NF)) and matched typically developing children (TDC). Voxel-based and region of interest analyses were conducted on two-back task-based fMRI data of 362 subjects, including 186, 96, and 80 children in groups of TDC, ADHD-NF, and ADHD-F, respectively. Relative to TDC, both ADHD groups had significantly reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). And the ADHD-F group demonstrated a significant positive association of left IFG activation with task reaction time, a negative association of the right IFG with ADHD symptomatology, and a negative association of the IFG activation laterality index with the inattention symptom score. These results suggest that working memory-related functional alterations in bilateral IFGs may play distinct roles in ADHD-F, with the functional underdevelopment of the left IFG significantly informing the onset of ADHD symptoms. Our findings have the potential to assist in tailored diagnoses and targeted interventions in children with ADHD-F.
Mentalizing in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Uzar Magdalena , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika , Słopień Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

Mentalizing, recognized as the capacity to understand behaviors in the context of our own mental states and those of other people, is being researched more and more commonly in regard to various mental disorders. The research on mentalization focuses on, among other things, borderline personality disorder, which is at present perceived as an emerging problem in the population of adolescents. In order to summarize the currently accessible knowledge of mentalizing in adolescents with borderline personality disorder, we thoroughly analyzed relevant publications. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that the mentalizing ability of adolescents with borderline personality disorder can be impaired. The evidence demonstrates that they are prone to hypermentalizing, defined as an overattribution of mental states to other people. However, this tendency has not been proven to be specific to teenagers with this disorder. Moreover, the existing data suggest that young people with borderline personality exhibit a reduced capacity to mentalize their own inner states.
Frontotemporal-TDP and LATE Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pathophysiological and Genetic Approach
Authors: Ortiz Genaro Gabriel , Ramírez-Jirano Javier , Arizaga Raul L. , Delgado-Lara Daniela L. C. , Torres-Sánchez Erandis D.
Published: October 2023

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) belongs to a heterogeneous group of highly complex neurodegenerative diseases and represents the second cause of presenile dementia in individuals under 65. Frontotemporal-TDP is a subgroup of frontotemporal dementia characterized by the aggregation of abnormal protein deposits, predominantly transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), in the frontal and temporal brain regions. These deposits lead to progressive degeneration of neurons resulting in cognitive and behavioral impairments. Limbic age-related encephalopathy (LATE) pertains to age-related cognitive decline primarily affecting the limbic system, which is crucial for memory, emotions, and learning. However, distinct, emerging research suggests a potential overlap in pathogenic processes, with some cases of limbic encephalopathy displaying TDP-43 pathology. Genetic factors play a pivotal role in both disorders. Mutations in various genes, such as progranulin (GRN) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), have been identified as causative in frontotemporal-TDP. Similarly, specific genetic variants have been associated with an increased risk of developing LATE. Understanding these genetic links provides crucial insights into disease mechanisms and the potential for targeted therapies.
Shear Tests on Subassemblies Representing the Single-Anchored Connection between Precast Concrete Wall Panels and Reinforced Concrete Frames
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Ha Sookyung , Song Geuntaeck , Choi Ho , Yu Sungyong
Published: October 2023

Many deformations occur in old RC structures, and the method of reinforcing them using PC members standardized and manufactured in the same mold has difficulty in coping with all deformations (construction error); as a solution to this, overlapping anchor shear connections consisting of three concrete segments have been proposed. This study proposes a special connection for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures that are more than 30 years old with precast concrete (PC) members. The proposed overlapped anchor connection consists of two anchor groups installed in three concrete segments, which can accommodate deformation by adjusting the height of the concrete connection segment. In this study, the unique shear behavior of the overlapped anchor connection was investigated by analyzing the shear resistance of the single-anchor connection with one post-installed anchor and one cast-in anchor. Eleven specimens of anchored connection models were constructed and push-out tested, and the experimental parameters were analyzed. The shear strength of the single-anchor connection was calculated using a proposed design formula based on the American anchor design code, and the shear strength ratios of the experimental shear strengths to the calculated values were 0.93 on average. The proposed design formula can predict the shear behavior and expected effects of the proposed connection even in differing designs.
Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jun Sun-Young , Hong Seung-Mo , Jang Kee-Taek
Published: October 2023

Cyclin D1, a critical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-dependent regulator of G1/S transition, has attracted much interest as a therapeutic target. The cyclin D1 expression in small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SIACs) has not yet been comprehensively studied, owing to the rarity of this tumor. We investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the cyclin D1 expression in 232 surgically resected primary SIACs through a multi-institutional study. A high expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1High) was detected in 145 SIAC cases (63%), which was significantly higher than that in normal small intestinal mucosa (11%). Cyclin D1High was more commonly found in SIACs with a lower T-category and disease stage and KRAS mutation and predicted better patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that cyclin D1High, the absence of retroperitoneal seeding and lymphovascular invasion, and the lower N-category were identified as independent prognostic indicators for patients with SIACs. Specifically, cyclin D1High affected patient survival in the lower stage group (stages I and II). In conclusion, cyclin D1 was commonly overexpressed in SIACs, and cyclin D1High acted as a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with SIACs. These findings in SIACs may, thus, be important to further comprehend the mechanism of cyclin D1 in carcinogenesis and to strategize appropriate patient therapies.
Increased Risk of Local Recurrence in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Sun-Exposed Skin: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Morelló-Vicente Ana , Espejo-Marín Marta , Oteiza-Rius Inés , Antoñanzas Javier , Vélez Antonio , Salido-Vallejo Rafael
Published: October 2023

Background: The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing over the years. Risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis have been widely studied in highly sun-exposed areas of the body but less data exist about less sun-exposed ones. The main objective of this study is to compare the risk of local recurrence and metastases in patients with cSCC in highly sun-exposed areas compared to cSCC in less sun-exposed areas. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out, including 558 patients with histopathologically confirmed cSCC at the Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, during the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Demographic, clinical and anatomopathological data were collected. Results: Local recurrence occurs more often in highly sun-exposed areas (15.8%) compared to less sun-exposed ones (7.4%) (p < 0.05). However, no differences in the rate of metastases in both groups were found. The presence of affected surgical margins and tumor thickness were identified as independent risk factors for cSCC in low sun-exposure areas. Conclusions: cSCC located in anatomical areas of high sun exposure presented a greater risk of developing local recurrence in our population, which could suggest that these tumors have worse prognosis than those that lie in areas that do not receive chronic sun exposure.
CELF2 Sustains a Proliferating/OLIG2+ Glioblastoma Cell Phenotype via the Epigenetic Repression of SOX3
Authors: Turchi Laurent , Sakakini Nathalie , Saviane Gaelle , Polo Béatrice , Saurty-Seerunghen Mirca Saras , Gabut Mathieu , Gouillou Corine Auge , Guerlais Vincent , Pasquier Claude , Vignais Marie Luce , Almairac Fabien , Chneiweiss Hervé , Junier Marie-Pierre , Burel-Vandenbos Fanny , Virolle Thierry
Published: October 2023

Glioblastomas (GBs) are incurable brain tumors. The persistence of aggressive stem-like tumor cells after cytotoxic treatments compromises therapeutic efficacy, leading to GBM recurrence. Forcing the GBM cells to irreversibly abandon their aggressive stem-like phenotype may offer an alternative to conventional cytotoxic treatments. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein CELF2 is strongly expressed in mitotic and OLIG2-positive GBM cells, while it is downregulated in differentiated and non-mitotic cells by miR-199a-3p, exemplifying GBM intra-tumor heterogeneity. Using patient-derived cells and human GBM samples, we demonstrate that CELF2 plays a key role in maintaining the proliferative/OLIG2 cell phenotype with clonal and tumorigenic properties. Indeed, we show that CELF2 deficiency in patient-derived GSCs drastically reduced tumor growth in the brains of nude mice. We further show that CELF2 promotes TRIM28 and G9a expression, which drive a H3K9me3 epigenetic profile responsible for the silencing of the SOX3 gene. Thus, CELF2, which is positively correlated with OLIG2 and Ki67 expression in human GBM samples, is inversely correlated with SOX3 and miR-199a-3p. Accordingly, the invalidation of SOX3 in CELF2-deficient patient-derived cells rescued proliferation and OLIG2 expression. Finally, patients expressing SOX3 above the median level of expression tend to have a longer life expectancy. CELF2 is therefore a crucial target for the malignant potential of GBM and warrants attention when developing novel anticancer strategies.
Kinetics of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Monometallic Bulk Electrodes in Various Electrolytic Solutions
Authors: Gebremariam Goitom K. , Jovanović Aleksandar Z. , Pašti Igor A.
Published: October 2023

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds pivotal significance in electrochemical energy conversion. In this study, we present essential HER kinetic parameters encompassing nine metals (Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pt, W, and Zn) evaluated within seven distinct electrolytes (0.1 mol dm−3 HClO4, 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl, 0.5 mol dm−3 NaCl, 1 mol dm−3 KH2PO4, 0.1 mol dm−3 KOH, 0.1 mol dm−3 LiOH, and 1 mol dm−3 KOH). Through careful measures to restrain oxide formation, HER activity was measured on clean electrodes, while the assessment of HER activity on oxidatively treated metals was also performed. By correlating HER exchange current densities with calculated hydrogen binding energies, we show that the shape of HER volcano curves is largely preserved in studied electrolytes, at least around their apexes. Additionally, depending on the metal–electrolyte combination, the presence of surface oxide can have both positive and negative effects on HER kinetics. Finally, we collated HER kinetic data for bulk surfaces from diverse literature sources, offering a comprehensive overview of the kinetic parameters governing hydrogen evolution across distinct electrolytic environments. These insights have practical significance, guiding the development of new catalytic materials for different water electrolysis technologies, optimizing electrolyte formulations for boosting HER, and enhancing energy efficiency and catalytic performance through catalyst–electrolyte synergies.
Pd+Al2O3-Supported Ni-Co Bimetallic Catalyst for H2 Production through Dry Reforming of Methane: Effect of Carbon Deposition over Active Sites
Authors: Fakeeha Anis H. , Vadodariya Dharmesh M. , Alotibi Mohammed F. , Abu-Dahrieh Jehad K. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Alarifi Naif , Kumar Rawesh , Al-Fatesh Ahmed S.
Published: October 2023

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is gaining global attention due to its capacity to convert two greenhouse gases together. It proceeds through CH4 decomposition over active sites (into CH4−x) followed by CH4−x oxidation by CO2 (into syngas). Furthermore, CH4−x oligomerization into coke cannot be neglected. Herein, xNi(5−x)Co/Pd+Al2O3 (x = 5, 3.75, 2.5, 1.25, 0) catalysts are prepared, investigated for DRM, and characterized with X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption techniques, and thermogravimetry. Fine-tuning among stable active sites, graphitic carbon deposits, and catalytic activity is noticed. The total reducibility and basicity are found to decrease upon increasing the Co proportion up to 2.5 wt% in the Ni-Co bimetallic Pd+Al2O3-supported catalyst. The active sites derived from strong metal–support interaction species (NiAl2Ox or dispersed CoOx) are found to be promising in higher levels of activity. However, activity is, again, limited by graphitic carbon which is increased with an increasing Co proportion in the Ni-Co bimetallic Pd+Al2O3-supported catalyst. The incorporation of 1.25 wt% Co along with 3.75 wt% Ni over Pd+Al2O3 results in the generation of fewer such active sites, extensive oxidizable carbon deposits, and inferior catalytic activity compared to 5Ni/Pd+Al2O3. The 2.5Ni2.5Co/Pd+Al2O3 catalyst has lower crystallinity, a relatively lower coke deposit (than the 3.75Ni1.25Co/Pd+Al2O3 catalyst), and a higher number of stable active sites. It attains a 54–51% H2 yield in 430 min TOS and 0.87 H2/CO (similar to 5Ni/Pd+Al2O3)
Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Distribution of Albacore, Bigeye, Skipjack, and Yellowfin Tuna Species within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga for the Years 2002 to 2018
Authors: Vaihola Siosaia , Yemane Dawit , Kininmonth Stuart
Published: October 2023

The Tongan fisheries targeting the species of albacore (Thunnus alalunga), bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), comprising the main tuna catch landed, within the EEZ of Tonga is critical to the economy of Tonga. Thus, it is crucial to study the spatiotemporal pattern of their catch and the influence of environmental and physical variables, in addition to the month and year of the catch. To this end, sets of eight generalized additive models were applied to model the distribution of these four species. Selection among competing models was carried out based on k-fold cross-validation, using RMSPE prediction error as a measure of model predictive performance. The following sets of predictors were considered; sea surface temperature, sea surface chlorophyll, bottom depth, month, and year. In addition, to assess the influence of fronts, gradients in SST and Chl-a were computed and used as predictors. Catch year was the most important variable for all, except Albacore tuna, for which month was the important variable. The third most important variable was SST for albacore and bigeye tuna, whereas bottom depth was the most important variable for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. A standardized index of CPUE indicates mostly inter-annual variation in CPUE for albacore and bigeye tuna, whereas a it indicates a general increase in CPUE for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. Hotspots of albacore tuna catches are around the northern and southern edges of the exclusive economic zone and typically during the months of June to August. The bigeye tuna hotspots were concentrated on the eastern side of the islands, in waters overlying trenches; this was most obvious during the months of January to June. Skipjack tuna hotspots were near the edges of the exclusive economic zone, although it is caught in smaller amounts to the three tuna species considered and higher catch rates were observed only after 2014. For yellowfin tuna, the highest catch rates were concentrated around the islands and descending towards the southern edge of the EEZ. As part of the initiative of this study to support national optimal resource management, this study generated standardized CPUE (indices of abundance), an important input in stock assessment, and also looked into the potential influence of environmental and physical variables on the CPUE of these valuable tuna stocks within the EEZ of Tonga.
Preclinical Orthostatic Abnormalities May Predict Early Increase in Vascular Stiffness in Different Age Groups: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dorogovtsev Victor N. , Yankevich Dmitry S. , Gaydashev Andrey E. , Martyushev-Poklad Andrey V. , Podolskaya Julia A. , Borisov Ilya V. , Grechko Andrey V.
Published: October 2023

Clinical orthostatic hypotension (OH) and hypertension (OHT) are risk factors for arterial hypertension (AH) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and are associated with increased vascular stiffness. Preclinical OH and OHT are poorly understood. The main objective was to investigate preclinical orthostatic abnormalities and their association with increased vascular stiffness in different age groups of adults. A specially designed head-up tilt test standardized for hydrostatic column height was used to detect them. Three age groups of clinically healthy subjects were examined. In the group of young adults up to 30 years old, a significant predominance of orthostatic normotension (ONT) and an insignificant number of subjects with preclinical OH and OHT were found. In the age group over 45 years, compared to the group under 30 years, there was a twofold decrease in the proportion of individuals with ONT and a significant increase with preclinical OH and OHT. In all age groups, there was a significant orthostatic increase in vascular stiffness (as measured by the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which was recovered to the baseline level when returning to the supine position. Overall, subjects with preclinical OH and OHT had significantly higher baPWV values compared to those with ONT (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), with all subjects having vascular stiffness values within normal age-related values.
Introducing Virtual Reality and Emerging Technologies in a Teacher Training STEM Course
Authors: Silva-Díaz Francisco , Marfil-Carmona Rafael , Narváez Romina , Silva Fuentes Alicia , Carrillo-Rosúa Javier
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the adoption of emerging technologies in education (ETE) has significantly grown. However, the effective integration of these technologies remains challenging as many educators have not been afforded the professional/career readiness to properly acknowledge and use them as educational tools. Although the STEM approach has gained prominence in science education, it still requires proper teacher readiness for successful implementation. In this study, with design-based research and mixed-method approaches, a ten-session program for prospective teachers was developed and evaluated to foster the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively integrate different technological resources in STEM education. The program aims to bridge the gap between technology and pedagogy, empowering educators to maximize the use of ETE to enrich learning experiences. The main conclusions emphasize the significance of technology-centric education for future educators, stressing the necessity for teacher training programs that align technological potential with practical classroom applications. Integrating emerging technologies supports contemporary pedagogical approaches like STEM education, promoting active student participation and problem-solving skills. To fully harness emerging technologies’ potential, educators need training and support. Developing comprehensive training pathways for these technologies is vital to narrow the gap between technology and effective educational integration.