bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large enhancement of Curie temperature in Fe3GeTe2 by Fe intercalation in the van der Waals gap
Authors: Wu Yueshen , Hu Yuxiong , Wang Cong , Zhou Xiang , Xia Wei , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Jinghui , Ding Yifan , He Jiadian , Dong Peng , Bao Song , Wen Jinsheng , Guo Yanfeng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ji Wei , Wang Zhu-Jun , Li Jun
Published: February 2023

The magnetic and electrical transport properties of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 have proven to be a subject of intrigue, with a broad range of Curie temperatures (Tc) observed in recent studies, ranging from 160 K to 230 K, and even reaching room temperature by ionic gating. Despite these discoveries, the underlying mechanism behind the varying Tc values remains a puzzle. Here, we employed scanning transmission electron microscopy to explore the atomic structure of Fe3GeTe2 crystals exhibiting Tc values of 160, 210, and 230 K. The results of the elemental mapping reveal that Fe intercalation on the interstitial sites within the van der Waals gap is present in the high- Tc (210 and 230 K) samples. The electrical transport measurements demonstrate the presence of an exchange bias effect in these high- Tc samples, owing to the existence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interfaces, while this effect is absent in the low-Tc (160 K) samples. First-principles calculations further suggest that the Fe-intercalation layer may be responsible for the local antiferromagnetic coupling that gives rise to the exchange bias effect, and that the introduction of interlayer exchange paths greatly contributes to the enhancement of Tc. This discovery of the Fe-intercalation layer elucidates the mechanism behind the hidden antiferromagnetic ordering that underlies the enhancement of Tc in Fe3GeTe2.
Inflammatory and interferon gene expression signatures in patients with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Warren Emily , Gordon-Lipkin Eliza M. , Cheung Foo , Chen Jinguo , Mukherjee Amrita , Apps Richard , Tsang John S. , Jetmore Jillian , Kruk Shannon , Lei Yuanjiu , West A. Phillip , McGuire Peter J.
Published: February 2023

Background: People with mitochondrial disease (MtD) are susceptible to metabolic decompensation and neurological symptom progression in response to an infection. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may cause chronic inflammation, which may promote hyperresponsiveness to pathogens and neurodegeneration.
Methods: We collected whole blood from a cohort of MtD patients and healthy controls and performed RNAseq to examine transcriptomic differences. We performed GSEA analyses to compare our findings against existing studies to identify commonly dysregulated pathways.
Results: Gene sets involved in inflammatory signaling, including type I interferons, interleukin-1β and antiviral responses, are enriched in MtD patients compared to controls. Monocyte and dendritic cell gene clusters are also enriched in MtD patients, while T cell and B cell gene sets are negatively enriched. The enrichment of antiviral response corresponds with an independent set of MELAS patients, and two mouse models of mtDNA dysfunction.
Conclusions: Through the convergence of our results, we demonstrate translational evidence of systemic peripheral inflammation arising from MtD, predominantly through antiviral response gene sets. This provides key evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to inflammation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary MtD and other chronic inflammatory disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Reconfigurable Geometrical Phase Spatial Light Modulator Using Short-Pitch Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Srivast Abhishek , SUN Zhi-Bo , YUAN Zheng-Nan , Swaminathan Vigneshwaran , Vashchenko Valerii , Vashchenko Olena , Cheung Alex Yuk Lung , LU Lei , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: February 2023

This article shows a fast continuous 2π geometrical phase modulator based on the dynamic optical axis rotation of the short-pitch Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC). A continuous multi-level (8-bit) phase modulation, fast switching time (< 250 μs at 2 kHz), low operating voltage (< 7 V), and high diffraction efficiency (> 77%) is achieved using defect-free Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHFLC) for the first time. We showed a minimum feature size of 1 µm without fringe field effect (FFE). We also developed a new FLC with a cone angle of ~85˚ and a way to provide compensated half-wave condition (HW) during the entire electro-optical operational range. As a result, we achieve both spatial and time modulation with high frequency (1/3 μm-1 and 4 kHz, respectively), which can be used in applications such as a real-time hologram and dynamic beam steering in Light Ranging and Detector (LiDAR).
Ultrafast energy transfer and charge separation dynamics in PSII-dimer from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus
Authors: Kosumi Daisuke , Bandou-Uotani Miki , Kato Shunya , Kawakami Keisuke , Yonekura Koji , Kamiya Nobuo
Published: February 2023

Cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus efficiently capture sunlight, and the energy is subsequently transferred to photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII), to produce electrochemical potentials. PSII is a unique membrane protein complex that photo-catalyzes oxidation of water and majorly contains photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. In the present study, the ultrafast energy transfer and charge separation dynamics of PSII from a thermophilic cyanobacteria Thermosynechococcus vulcanus have been investigated by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopic measurements. The results demonstrated that the pheophytin anion PheoD1− generates with 43.0 ps at 140 K (14.8 ps at 296 K) and the secondary electron transfer to quinone: PheoD1−QA →PheoD1QA− occurs with 650 ps at 296 K upon excitation into the Qy band of chlorophyll a at 670 nm. On the other hand, an inefficient β-carotene → chlorophyll a energy transfer (33%) occurred after excitation to the S2 state of β-carotene at 500 nm. Instead, the carotenoid triplet state appeared in an ultrafast timescale after excitation at 500 nm.
Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms Through Hyper-parameter Tuning Applied for the classification of Arabic news
Authors: JAMALEDDYN IMAD , AYACHI Rachid EL , BINIZ Mohmed
Published: February 2023

In the field of machine learning, hyperparameter tuning is a technique used to determine which learning algorithms have the most effective parameters. Using the Grid Search strategy as part of the machine learning algorithms, we suggest a few different ways to improve the accuracy of text categorization. In this research, we combined the TF-IDF feature selection approach with three different machine learning algorithms. These algorithms are Multinomial Logistic Regression MLR, Support Vector Machine SVM, and Artificial Neural Network ANN. According to the results of our tests, hyperparameter adjustment can significantly improve the classifier's performance.
People’s participation in social-ecological restoration toward a framework for drivers fostering social-ecological restoration within forest landscape
Authors: Maniraho Leonidas , Frietsch Marina , Sieber Stefan , Löhr Katharina
Published: February 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification and validation of a novel anoikis-related prognostic model for prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Lv Wenzhi , Luan Yang , Cai Wei , Min Xiangde , Feng Zhaoyan
Published: February 2023

In this study, we collected gene expression profile, single nucleotide polymorphism mutation data, and copy number variation (CNV) info of 495 prostate cancer (PCa) patients from the TCGA database and downloaded 140 PCa samples from the MSKCC dataset as an external cohort. We extracted 434 anoikis-related genes from GeneCards and previous publications. We used unsupervised consensus cluster analysis to identify two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2). C1 exhibited a higher level of CNV amplification, immune score, stromal score, aneuploidy score, homologous recombination deficiency, intratumor heterogeneity, single-nucleotide variant neoantigens, and tumor mutational burden compared to C2. C2 showed a better survival outcome and was found to have a high level of gamma delta T cell and activated B cell infiltration. We then constructed a novel risk signature consisting of four genes (HELLS, ZWINT, ABCC5, and TPSB2) for predicting the overall survival of PCa patients using the univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, which we validated using the MSKCC dataset. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the signature indicated that the area under the curve was 0.780, suggesting good predictive accuracy. We found that the risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in PCa patients. Additionally, we identify four CTRP-derived compounds (cucurbitacin I, SB−743921, paclitaxel, and GSK461364) and four PRISM-derived compounds (volasertib, LY2606368, mitoxantrone, and dolastatin−10) for the treatment of high-risk group patients. Our findings may provide a new perspective for the treatment of anoikis-related PCa.
StockTwits Classified Sentiment and Stock Returns
Authors: Divernois Marc-Aurèle , Filipovic Damir
Published: February 2023

We classify the sentiment of a large sample of StockTwits messages as bullish, bearish or neutral, and create a stock-aggregate daily sentiment polarity measure. Polarity is positively associated with contemporaneous stock returns. On average, polarity is not able to predict next-day stock returns. But when we condition on specific events, defined as sudden peaks of message volume, polarity has predictive power on abnormal returns. Polarity-sorted portfolios illustrate the economic relevance of our sentiment measure.
JEL Classification: C55; G14; G17
A Mathematical Control Approach on Dengue Disease Fractional-Order Model Involving Mosquito Nets and Repellents Intervention
Authors: M Vijayalakshmi. G. , M Ariyanatchi
Published: February 2023

Throughout this work, we have explored a mathematical approach on the dengue disease fractional order dynamical system involving mosquito nets and repellents. For qualitative data analysis we have applied Caputo- Fabrizio operator on this model. The fertility rate and basal features of the mosquito are generally probed. The two steady states of the system have been examined for asymptotical stability analysis. The Lipchitz condition has been applied to gain survival and oneness of results of the system. According the sensitivity evaluation of reproduction rate of\({\mathcal{R}}_{0}\), using mosquito nets and insect repellent can reduce \({\mathcal{R}}_{0}.\) The Adams – Bashforth scheme is hired to solve an approximate response of the fractional-order dengue model. The numerical simulation indicates that the fractional-order influences the dynamics of dengue fever. An aggregate the usage of mosquitoes netting and insect repellents can lessen the range of infected individualities.
Assessment of changes in the natural head position and the pharyngeal airway after orthognathic surgery
Authors: Lin Xiaozhen
Published: February 2023

Objectives The natural head position (NHP), pharyngeal airway, and maxillofacial development are correlated. The author’s previous studies proved that following surgical correction of Skeletal Class II malocclusion, the pre-operative over-extended NHP returned upright, and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) dimension expanded. The present study compares the post-operative change in the NHP and the PAS after orthognathic surgery in Skeletal Class II and III malocclusion patients.
Materials and Methods Patients receiving orthognathic procedures to correct Skeletal Class II or III malocclusions were reviewed in this retrospective study. Their pre-operative and 6-week post-operative cone-beam computed tomography datasets were collected. Variables representing the craniofacial pattern, the NHP, and the PAS were measured three-dimensionally. Post-operative variables were compared with their pre-operative counterparts using either repeat-measure 2-way analyses of variance or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.
Results Forty-three cases of 61 patients were involved. After surgery, the differences in craniofacial pattern and the NHP between Skeletal Class II and III malocclusion groups decreased, and the PAS increased in both groups.
Conclusion Orthognathic surgery corrects dysgnathia, neutralizes the NHP, and increases the PAS in Skeletal Class II and III malocclusion patients.
Clinical relevance
Orthognathic surgery provides potential benefits to NHP and pharyngeal airway in addition to correcting maxillofacial deformities.
How Difficult Azide ion / Hydrazoic Acid Passes Biological Membranes: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Hartl Simona Lojevec , Žakelj Simon , Dolenc Marija Sollner , Smrkolj Vladimir , Mavri Janez
Published: February 2023

Hydrazoic acid (HN3) and its deprotonated form azide ion (N3ˉ) (AHA) are toxic since they inhibit cytochrome c oxidase complex IV (CoX IV) embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane as part of the enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. Especially critical for its toxicology is inhibition of CoX IV in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Hydrazoic acid is an ionizable species and its affinity toward membranes and therewith associated permeabilities depend on the pH values of aqueous media on both sides of the membranes. In article, we addressed permeability of AHA through the biological membrane. In order to understand affinity of the membrane for neutral and ionized form of azide we measured octanol-water partition coefficients at pH values of 2.0 and 8.0, which are 2.01 and 0.00034, respectively. By using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) experiment, we measured effective permeability through the membrane, which is logPe -4.97 and -5.26 for pH values of 7.4 and pH 8.0, respectively. Experimental permeability was used to validate theoretical permeability, which was estimated by numerically solving a diffusion equation for AHA diffusion through the membrane. We demonstrated that the rate of permeation through the cell membrane of 8.46 ·104 s-1 is much higher than the rate of chemical step of CoX IV inhibition by azide of 200 s-1. The results of this study show that transport through the membranes does not represent the rate-limiting step and therefore does not control the rate of CoX IV inhibition in the mitochondria. Observed dynamics of azide poisoning is however controlled by circulation transport that takes place on a minute time scale.
Associations between sedentary time with cognitive activity and brain volume among vulnerable older adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kiuchi Yuto , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Harada Kenji , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

Background: Vulnerable older adults tend to decrease physical activity and increase sedentary time. Previous research on the associations between sedentary time and brain volume produced inconsistent findings, without considering the impact of cognitive activity on cognitive function. We aimed to examine the association between sedentary time with cognitive activity or non-cognitive activity, and brain volume.
Methods: A structural magnetic resonance imaging survey was conducted among community‐dwelling vulnerable older adults. Brain volumetric measurements were obtained using 3T magnetic resonance imaging and pre‐processed using FreeSurfer. Sedentary time with or without cognitive activity was assessed using a 12‐item questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by the frequency of light and moderate levels of physical exercise according to the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Participants were categorized into a low activity group and moderate‐to‐high activity group.
Results: Among 91 participants (83.1 ± 5.2 years old, 61.5% female), 26 were low active. The overall sample and moderate‐to‐high activity group did not show significant positive effects on brain volume for sedentary time with cognitive activity. In the low activity group, isotemporal substitution models showed that reallocation from sedentary time with non‐cognitive activity to cognitive activity was significantly associated with increased brain volumes in some areas, including the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate (β = 0.486–0.618, all P < 0.05, Adjusted R2 = 0.344–0.663).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reallocation from sedentary time with non‐cognitive activity to cognitive activity is protectively associated with brain volume in vulnerable older adults with low activity.
Guarda responsável, bem estar animal e zoonoses: trabalhando conceitos
Authors: CARNEIRO Laís de Albuquerque , ALMEIDA Yasmin Rocha de , VECHI Giovana Tavares , SANTOS Naiara Rossato dos , MOREIRA Lio , SILVA Fernanda do Carmo
Published: February 2023

O convívio saudável com animais tem resultados benéficos para as crianças/adolescentes. No entanto, apesar do grande número de animais domiciliados cresce também o abandono gerando uma superpopulação de animais errantes e negligenciados, expondo a população a riscos de zoonoses e acidentes. O projeto objetiva expor os conceitos de bem-estar animal, guarda responsável e zoonoses para crianças/adolescentes e professores do ensino fundamental.
A clinical study of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality in gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Meduri Amritha Aurora , Aravelli Laxmi , Srilaxmi Kundena , Rallabhandi Swathi
Published: February 2023

In India, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and continue to be responsible for the largest proportion of perinatal deaths resulting from prematurity and IUGR and are major contributors to perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.

The aim: The present study is undertaken to analyse the cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including consequences concerning preterm delivery, IUGR, IUD and stillbirth and for the evaluation of a safe motherhood program at the population level.

Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 105 selected cases from the census (sample of 12,589 patients) of pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia).

Results: Hypertensive cases complicating pregnancy of the foetal deliveries conducted during the study period, out of which Gestational hypertension (GTN) cases reported were 44. Preeclampsia (PE) cases were 39, severe preeclampsia (SPE) were 1 and Eclampsia cases were 21. Labetalol alone was used in 62 cases, and 44 babies were born without any complications. As an anticonvulsant magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 7H2O) was used in all cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia (MgSO4 PRITCHARD Regime) in a total number of 38 cases. Preterm / prematurity was the most common cause of perinatal death. The total number of NICU admissions was 42 (40 %).

Conclusions: The early use of anti-hypertensive drugs, the optimum timing of delivery, strict fluid balance, and anticonvulsants in cases of eclampsia will help to achieve a successful outcome. Early transfer to a specialist centre is important, and the referral centres should be well-equipped to treat critically ill patients.
Dynamic changes in the histomorphological structure of the thyroid gland of rats against the background of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Kurylko Yuliia , Sirotenko Larysa
Published: February 2023

In preclinical studies, which are conducted to study the therapeutic effectiveness and pharmacological safety of biologically active compounds for the correction of autoimmune thyroiditis, various experimental models of this pathology are used in the experiment.

In this work, we analyzed various models of thyroiditis that have been used for the past fifty years. Such an analysis made it possible to choose the most optimal model for the study of autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland as well as for the correction of this condition. The analysis of known and the search for new pathogenetically justified models of autoimmune diseases of endocrine organs is a very urgent task.

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the histomorphological structure of the thyroid gland when modeling autoimmune thyroiditis in rats using an allogeneic antigen isolated from the human thyroid gland.

The postoperative thyroid gland of a person was used as an antigen. Morphological changes in the thyroid gland were studied one, three and six months after the end of the simulation.

It was found that the use of this type of immunization led to changes in the parenchyma of the gland, characteristic of autoimmune thyroiditis. Already one month after modeling, Gürtle cells, fibrosis, areas of lymphoid infiltration of the parenchyma were registered. These pathological changes persisted and worsened three and six months after the end of the simulation.

The investigated type of model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis is easily reproduced. Pathological changes in the gland deepen over time and are comparable to those that occur in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Thermo-physiological responses and oxidative status of West African dwarf rams fed diets containing supplemental Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal
Authors: Babatunde Jinadu , Omonuwa Oluwatosin , Ayokunle Fasae , Adesanya Abiona , Akeem Oderinwale , Adewale Adejola , Oyefunke Adekanbi
Published: February 2023

Plant secondary metabolites in Tetrapleuratetraptera fruit meal (TTFM) could be exploited as natural safe feed additives alternative to non- nutritive chemical and antibiotics to enhance rumen fermentation and feed utilization efficiency with negative oxidative stress. The study investigated the responses of West African Dwarf (WAD) rams to the diets containing varying levels of supplemental Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the oxidative status and thermo-physiological parameters. Thirty five (35) WAD rams with an average live weight of 13.20±0.2 kg were used in a completely randomized design for 140 days. Five concentrate diets containing varying levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %) of TTFM were formulated while Panicum maximum was fed as a basal diet. The rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were measured at two week intervals while blood was collected through jugular veins at the onset and at the end of feeding trial to determine oxidative status parameters in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS).Data collected were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No significant difference observed (p>0.05) in the rectal temperature while the pulse rate and breathing rate increased significantly (p<0.05) till 12th week of the experiment. Increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were recorded on the rams at the end of the feeding trial. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of Tetrapleura tetraptera up to 2 % level reduced the oxidative stress in the experimental animals coupled with better thermo-physiological responses
Development of the recipe of pasta with pumpkin flour
Authors: Liubych Vitalii , Novikov Volodymyr , Pushka Olexandr , Pushka Iryna , Cherchel Vladyslav , Kyrpa Mykola , Kolibabchuk Tetyana , Kirian Viktor , Moskalets Valentyn , Moskalets Tetiana
Published: February 2023

The object of research is the production technology of pasta with pumpkin flour. The problem of enriching pasta with pumpkin flour was solved.

In the studies, different replacement of semi-grain with pumpkin flour was studied according to the following scheme: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 15.0%. The formation of boiling coefficients, consumer smell and taste, the level of pumpkin smell and taste, and the sweet taste of pasta were studied. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the use of pumpkin flour had the greatest effect on the sensory indicators of the quality of pasta. The coefficient of boiling by mass and volume did not change reliably. It was established that the smell and taste of pumpkin in pasta was absent only when 2.5% of pumpkin flour was added. The use of 5.0–7.5% pumpkin flour did not change the sensory evaluation of pasta in comparison with the control variant. The sweet taste of pasta was absent when 2.5–5.0% pumpkin flour was added. It has been proven that pumpkin flour is characterized by specific sensory indicators. It is obvious that adding it to pasta will affect their organoleptic indicators. At the same time, the greater the amount of pumpkin flour in the pasta recipe, the higher the level of manifestation of the smell and taste of pumpkin. In pasta technology, it is optimal to add 5.0–7.5% pumpkin flour.

A distinctive feature of the obtained research results is that it is optimal to add 5.0–7.5% of pumpkin flour in pasta technology. With this amount of pumpkin flour, the smell and taste of pasta is 8.2–8.9 points, the boiling factor by mass is 2.20–2.21, and by volume – 1.71–1.81.

The developed recommendations can be used by enterprises with low productivity during the production of pasta products
Evaluation of Neutrophil Function in Periparturient Dairy Cattle
Authors: Stevenson G. J. , Duffield T. , Caswell J. L.
Published: February 2023

The periparturient period in dairy cattle is associated with increased incidence of several metabolic diseases. It has been hypothesized that reduced immune function may play an important role in the increased risk of certain diseases during this time period. This study examined neutrophil function of periparturient cows.
Rapid Serologic Test for the Detection of Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis with Applications for Bovine Practitioners
Authors: Jackson T. A. , Cecchetti P. , McCrann M.
Published: February 2023

A prototype enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) test has been developed on the IDEXX SNAP™ device to detect antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative organism of Johne's disease in ruminants. Initial validation studies have been completed utilizing bovine serum as the specimen type. This SNAP test format has potential applications as an animal-side or in-clinic assay for large animal veterinarians who require a rapid test result on symptomatic or suspicious animals. Total assay time is 22 minutes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of this new MAP ELISA by testing populations of dairy cattle (n = 1276). A comparison of results obtained with the prototype SNAP assay and a USDA-licensed, microtiter-plate antibody test kit was made.
Hemodynamics in the Normal and Laminitic Bovine Digit
Authors: Belknap E. B. , Lin H. C. , Christmann U. , Belknap J. K.
Published: February 2023

Bovine laminitis is of great economic importance to the dairy and beef industry. Lameness from laminitis and its sequella results in loss of milk production, decreased weight gain, culling of animals and extra labor. Similar to horses, the digital pathology is thought to occur due to vascular derangements in the digital microvasculature leading to ischemia in the digital laminae. Digital hemodynamics in the horse have been well documented. Although most literature describing bovine laminitis is based on clinical cases or extrapolations from equine laminitis research, the bovid undergoes a different clinical course of disease, with a more mild chronic laminitis process being more common than the acute disease process routinely observed at the onset of equine laminitis. Therefore, hemodynamic data specific to the normal laminitic bovine foot is needed. The present study compared digital hemodynamics between normal and laminitic steers in early stages of laminitis.
Effect of Genistein on Bovine Herpes virus 1 Infections In vivo
Authors: Braun Lyle , Braunschmidt Mark , Arias Nicholas , Wixon Regina L. , Wang Chungyang , Chase Christopher C. L.
Published: February 2023

Finding natural antivirals to feed to cattle in their receiving diets following shipping and other stressors is important to help limit bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever). Previously, we had demonstrated that bovine cells treated with the naturally occurring soya isoflavone, genistein, produced 10-1000 times less virus than untreated cells. In this study, we established a level of genistein to treat calves with in vivo and then challenged them with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1; IBR). Calves that received genistein produced as much virus but shed virus for a shorter period of time and also had less severe clinical signs.
Research Summaries - French Translations
Authors: Beauchamp Guy , Bouchard Emile , Brochard Hubert , Champoux Hélène , Daigneault Josée , DesCôteaux Luc , Desrochers André , Du Tremblay Denis , Vinet Louise
Published: February 2023

Comptes Rendus de Recherche Boeuf, Laitier I, II, et Général.
Using an Individual Cow Somatic Cell Count Diagnostic Algorithm to Investigate Herd Milk Quality Problems
Authors: Cook Nigel B. , Bennett Tom B. , Emery Kathy M. , Nordlund Ken
Published: February 2023

When investigating herds with high somatic cell counts (SCC), how do we direct our advice to target areas with the biggest impact on herd profitability? Analysis of individual cow SCC from the current and previous six months Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) recordings using Wisgraph to calculate a number of udder infection parameters; comparison of these data with benchmark performance for the top 10% of herds; and using the algorithm described below may help.
Impact of Feeding Complexed Minerals on Postpartum Ovarian Activity in Dairy and Beef Cows
Authors: Socha Mike T. , Tomlinson Dana J. , Swenson Connie K. , Rapp Christof J. , Johnson A. Bruce , Schugel Laverne M.
Published: February 2023

The effect of feeding complexed trace minerals to cows on postpartum resumption of ovarian activity was evaluated in nine trials. In these trials, cows fed complexed trace minerals had fewer days to postpartum ovarian activity as noted by fewer days to first estrus and luteal activity, reduced need for progesterone-secreting vaginal implants (CIDR) and increased percentage of cows bred by artificial insemination (AI) and exhibiting ovarian structures at 45 days postpartum.
Identifying Fetal Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection from Amniotic and Allantoic Fluid
Authors: Tan Lucy , Van Campen Hana , Callan Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) relies on accurate identification of persistently infected (PI) animals. A persistent infection can develop when a fetus is exposed to virus in utero, prior to 125 days gestation. While effective tests exist to identify PI calves and cattle, none of them determine the BVDV status of a pregnant cow's fetus. Thus, a pregnant, non-infected cow may still introduce BVDV to a herd by delivering a PI calf. This study evaluated different virological tests on amniotic and allantoic fluid from bovine fetuses for detection of BVDV.
Beef Cowherd BVDV Management
Authors: Albertson Kevan
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has a history of detrimentally affecting beef cattle production. Beef cattle veterinarians have an opportunity to utilize tools such as the veterinary decision making process to minimize the negative effects that BVDV has on profitability within individual cowherd. Herd history, health and performance information can serve as the framework for assessing current BVDV status. Basic biosecurity principles can be implemented to cost-effectively manage the virus within the beef herd.
Update on Feedlot AIP
Authors: Woolums Amelia R.
Published: February 2023

Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has been recognized in feedlot cattle for decades, but the cause is still unknown. AIP is most common in cattle on feed greater than 45 days; heifers may be disproportionately affected. Clinical signs suggest severe respiratory distress, but a definitive diagnosis can only be made at postmortem. At postmortem, the lungs fail to collapse, interstitial emphysema and edema is evident, and a “checkerboard” pattern of light and dark colored, independently movable lobules is commonly seen. Histologically, hyaline membranes, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, and later, cellulate infiltrates are found. No specific treatment is reliably effective. Known causes of AIP outside feedlots include 3-methylindole, perilla mint, and moldy sweet potato toxicity. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause lesions similar to AIP. Bronchopneumonia and histologic evidence of chronic bronchiolar injury have been described in cattle with feedlot AIP, suggesting that chronic airway inflammation may predispose cattle to the disease. Recent research suggests that 3-methylindole, hormonal influences (including the feeding of melengestrol acetate), and bacterial lung infection may influence the development of feedlot AIP; however, no evidence is currently strong enough to support any of these as a single cause. Recent research does not support acute BRSV infection as a cause. Other insults speculated to cause feedlot AIP, such as dust exposure, heat, and allergic reactions, have not been investigated. Currently it seems most likely that feedlot AIP has a multifactorial etiology, and the relative importance of various factors may differ among feedyards. More information is needed before informed recommendations regarding prevention of feedlot AIP can be made.
Fluid Administration to Dehydrated Calves
Authors: McGuirk Sheila M.
Published: February 2023

Fluid therapy can be a pivotal component of the treatment plan for calves with diarrhea, respiratory disease or any other health problem that results in reduced fluid intake or accelerated loss from the body. Daily fluid requirements in health and disease are described. Routes of fluid administration, components of fluid loss and the types of fluid available to resuscitate and rehydrate calves are discussed and applied.
Economic Value of Beef Heifer Reproductive Tract Scoring
Authors: Pence Mel , Baker Jerry , Wilson Tim , Rossi Johnny , Vann Rhonda
Published: February 2023

Reproductive tract scoring (RTS) is a method of estimating the pubertal status of a heifer and the genetic ability of a heifer to breed early in the breeding season and conceive at an acceptable rate.2 RTS is determined by rectal palpation of the uterus and ovaries within a contemporary group of heifers 30 to 60 days prior to breeding, and scored from one to five based on these findings. Generally, a score of four or five indicated the heifer has reached puberty, a score of three is slightly pre-pubertal, a score of two is immature and a score of one is very immature. Using RTS a reasonable estimate of the ability of heifers to breed early in the breeding season can be determined.3 Our study investigated the economic value of RTS.
BVD and Neospora Infection and Reproductive Performance in Beef Cows
Authors: Waldner Cheryl
Published: February 2023

BVD and Neospora caninum are both widely recognized causes of abortion and reproductive losses in beef and dairy herds. Several recent projects have examined the role of N. caninum in both catastrophic losses and routine reproductive performance in cow-calf herds. BVD is also widely recognized as a leading cause of infectious pregnancy failure.
Effects of Seropositivity for Bovine Leukemia Virus, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and Neospora caninum on Risk of Culling in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Tiwari Ashwani , VanLeeuwen John A. , Dohoo Ian R. , Haddad Joao P. , Stryhn Henrik , Keefe Greg P.
Published: February 2023

Infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Neospora caninum (NC) can lead to clinical diseases (diarrhea or abortion, respectively) with subsequent culling. However, effect associated with subclinical infection by these agents is still unclear. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of seropositivity for exposure to BLV, MAP and NC on risk of culling in subsequent years after testing in three Maritime dairy cattle.
Re-thinking Clinical Mastitis Therapy
Authors: Hess J. L. , Neuder L. M. , Sears P. M.
Published: February 2023

The course of treatment for clinical mastitis varies greatly from farm to farm. In most large herds (500 cows or greater), a cow is separated from the production herd when clinical mastitis is detected by abnormal milk. Abnormal milk is an indication of a problem that can occur with or without swelling and fever. When clinical mastitis is brought to the attention of the herdsman, he must make the decision to move the cow and start treatment. Unfortunately, this is often the point where treatment decisions are based on experience and opinions, rather than good scientific guidelines and protocols. In order to implement an effective clinical protocol, it is useful to determine the cause of infection and implement a treatment protocol that is specific for that type of infection. A good treatment protocol can reduce antibiotic use with fewer days of unsaleable milk.
Effect of Estradiol Cypionate in Postparturient Dairy Cattle at Increased Risk for Metritis
Authors: Overton Michael W. , Sischo William M. , Reynolds James P.
Published: February 2023

Metritis is a post-parturient uterine disease that affects fertility, milk production and health of dairy cattle. To reduce the effects of metritis, some dairymen have adopted fresh cow programs that often include the administration of 4 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP) to postparturient cows with retained fetal membranes. Estradiol is reported to have positive effects on uterine immune function. This study was conducted in order to determine if the administration of 4 mg of ECP to cows at high risk for metritis is efficacious in decreasing metritis in the first 10 days postpartum.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for Ceftiofur and Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary Importance to Cattle from 1997 to 2001
Authors: Salmon S. A. , Portis E. S. , Lindeman C. J.
Published: February 2023

Ceftiofur is an extended spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial agent that was developed solely for veterinary therapeutic use, and was first approved for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in 1988 by the FDA-CVM. In 1997 Pharmacia Animal Health (PAH) initiated a target pathogen susceptibility monitoring program, and continues to monitor the in vitro activity of ceftiofur as well as other antimicrobials used in the treatment of BRD. This paper discusses the results of monitoring the sensitivity of BRD isolates to ceftiofur over the last four years.
Effect on in-vitro Cell Growth of Various Rehydrant Solutions
Authors: Verschoor Jaap , Agger Nicolai
Published: February 2023

In a controlled clinical study, the addition of Psyllium (a mucopolysaccharide derived from Isphagula seed shells) to a standard isotonic oral rehydrant solution (Deliver® with Dialine®, Pharmalett A/S, Denmark) reduced the duration, frequency and severity of diarrhea in newborn calves. This improvement of treatment is believed to be due to prolonged transit time through the small intestine, resulting in increased absorption of glucose and electrolytes. A new isotonic rehydrant solution (Deliver Extra, Pharmalett A/S, Denmark) was evaluated for its effect on in vitro cell growth. Deliver Extra is identical to Deliver® with Dialine® plus a mixture of important amino acids, including extra glutamine. Glutamine is included in Deliver Extra because it is a "limiting" amino acid that may play a role in diarrheal disease. It plays a role in maintaining mucosal integrity of the gut, and in controlled situations, glutamine has also been successful in enhancing the recovery of the damaged intestinal mucosa.
Monitoring Fetal and Neonatal Well-being in the Cow
Authors: Szenci O.
Published: February 2023

At present, the main emphasis should be placed on prevention of asphyxia of calves to be born, since instruments suitable for a reliable clearing of respiratory passages, and for artificial respiration of calves under practical conditions are not yet widely available. At the same time, profitability factors still play a decisive role. The most important breeding objectives can be achieved only by those daily operational approaches which may lead to a reduction in the number of calvings that must be assisted.
Milking Procedures and Udder Health Management on US Dairy Operations
Authors: Lombard J. E. , McCluskey B. J. , Garber L. P.
Published: February 2023

Many recommendations relating to proper milking procedures and udder health management have been published, but adoption of these recommended practices on US dairy farms has not been determined. The National Animal Health Monitoring System's (NAHMS) Dairy 2002 Study included survey questions regarding these practices on dairy farms. The objective of this report is to describe current milking procedures and other management practices associated with udder health on U.S. dairy operations.
Use of Susceptibility Testing in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Constable Peter D.
Published: February 2023

There has been increased interest in optimizing treatment protocols for antimicrobial agents, with substantial reliance on susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens isolated from diseased cattle. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bovine bacterial pathogens has traditionally used the agar diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method, which was designed to reflect the antibiotic concentration in serum and interstitial fluid of human patients. The validity of agar diffusion susceptibility breakpoints derived from humans to the treatment of mastitis, diarrhea and respiratory disease in cattle has not been established. The use of susceptibility testing to guide treatment decisions for individual cattle is not recommended until the breakpoints have been validated as being predictive of treatment outcome.
Role of the Veterinarian in Ensuring Animal Welfare
Authors: Swanson Janice C.
Published: February 2023

Food animal veterinarians are in a unique position to define their professional role in ensuring animal welfare. The field of laboratory animal medicine may serve as a model for elucidating and defining responsibilities within the agricultural animal industries. As food retail expectations for assurance of animal welfare rise, an imperative now exists to further develop the role of food animal practitioners.
Different Type of Record System for the Rancher and Veterinarian
Authors: Hamilton Eddie
Published: February 2023

Historically, agriculture has assembled financial/accounting information for taxes, credit and management (profitability). The need for tax based information has always been the driver, and management information is quite often missing altogether. This can lead to poor decisions by management.

Managerial accounting gives management the tools needed to manage a business in today's complex world. It allows management to manage cost where and when it occurs, and to manage the segments of the business that are manageable.

The Balanced Score Card is a set of measures that provides a fast, comprehensive picture of how an organization is creating and sustaining value--in the eyes of its customers, stakeholders and employees.
Leptospirosis in Cattle
Authors: Hairgrove Thomas B.
Published: February 2023

Leptospirosis is a disease first described in the literature nearly 70 years ago. In cattle the principal serovars of Leptospira interrograns are L. hardjo-bovis, L. pomona, L. canicola, L. icterhaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa and L. szwajjizak. L. hardjo-bovis is the serovar most frequently associated with reproductive wastage in the United States. Of the remaining serovars, L. pomona is the most significant. Many aspects of the disease remain poorly understood, e.g. variation in disease pattern and disease impact associated with different strains of the same host-maintained serovor in different management systems and different parts of the world.

This presentation focuses on L. hardjo-bovis. Cattle are the maintenance host and the only reservoir. In general, a disease associated with infection of the maintenance host is sub-clinical, produces low antibody titers and affects young or pregnant animals with a very rapid transmission rate from animal to animal. Maintenance host diseases can be very difficult to diagnosis. L. hardjo-bovis is currently diagnosed using a combination of serology and identification of leptospires in the urine. A prevalence study indicated there is a high prevalence of L. hardjo-bovis in the rolling plains of Texas.

Control of this disease consists of implementing biosecurity measures, use of antibiotics to clear carrier states and use of a vaccine effective for L. hardjo-bovis.
Country of Origin Labeling and National Animal Identification System
Authors: Wilson Gary
Published: February 2023

Country Of Origin Labeling (COOL) is an industry driven marketing initiative to distinguish meat products produced from animals born, raised and processed in the US from products imported from foreign countries.

The National Animal Identification System is an industry/government driven animal health initiative to establish a standardized national animal identification system to enhance animal disease surveillance, monitoring, control and eradication in the United States.

They are two separate initiatives addressing two separate issues in the livestock industry. However, they do have two common components under discussion:• voluntary vs. mandatory• animal identification requirements

As the two proposals evolve, veterinarians and producers will have increased opportunity to develop / expand the veterinarian - client relationship because of the improved recordkeeping, management protocol, identification requirements and reporting of animal movements associated with both initiatives.
Getting Cows Pregnant and Keeping Them Pregnant Requires Progesterone
Authors: Niswender Gordon D.
Published: February 2023

Early embryonic mortality in sheep and cattle averages 38%, with the majority of losses occurring prior to 30 days post-conception. This loss is primarily due to two factors: 1) genetic abnormalities in the embryo (7 to 10%), and 2) inadequate secretion of progesterone at critical times (approximately 30%). Supplementation of progesterone in cattle increased pregnancy rates by 13 to 30%. Thus, the requirement for continued secretion of progesterone has been clearly documented. Therefore, it is important to understand the complex hormonal interactions between the developing embryo, uterus, pituitary gland and ovary that regulate the secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum. The mechanisms whereby the pregnant uterus prevents regression of the corpus luteum, which occurs at the end of a normal reproductive cycle, are complex and sensitive to a number of environmental and management factors. These factors include heat stress, level of nutrition, genetics and general herd health. Any biological process which retards the growth of the embryo may result in early embryonic mortality due to a lack of synchrony between the embryo and the uterus. The basic physiological mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining pregnancy are presented and discussed.
Similarity of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Recent Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Recovered from Various US Regions and Diverse Clinical Conditions
Authors: Rosenbusch R. , Kinyon J. , Apley M. , Funk N. , Smith S. , Hoffman L.
Published: February 2023

Mycoplasma bovis is involved in mastitis, pneumonia and polyarthritis of beef and dairy cattle. Infections can affect all ages and respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Variation in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among isolates of M. bovis recovered from various tissues in dairy or beef outbreaks has been suspected but not verified. Increasing resistance of isolates has been recently documented, 1 so it appears that periodic large-scale surveillance would be useful to veterinarians, diagnosticians and researchers, especially to compare isolates from different regions within the US. It would also be beneficial to establish a standardized method for in-vitro susceptibility testing. This report contains antimicrobial susceptibilities for 223 isolates obtained from five US regions and from four tissue sites.