bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequency
Authors: Parrotta Eleonora , Bach Patric , Pezzulo Giovanni , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Costantini Marcello , Ferri Francesca
Published: September 2023

The experience of pain, like other interoceptive processes, has recently been conceptualized in light of predictive coding models and the free energy minimization framework. In these views, the brain integrates sensory, proprioceptive, and interoceptive signals to generate probabilistic inferences about upcoming events, which heavily shape both the state and the perception of our inner body. Here we ask whether it is possible to induce pain expectations by providing false faster (vs. slower) acoustic cardiac feedback before administering electrical cutaneous shocks, and test whether these expectations will shape both the perception of pain and the body’s physiological state toward prior predictions. Results confirmed that faster cardiac feedback elicited pain expectations that affected both perceptual pain judgments and the body’s physiological response. Perceptual pain judgments were biased towards the expected level of pain, such that participants illusorily perceived identical noxious stimuli as more intense and unpleasant. Physiological changes mirrored the predicted level of pain, such that participants’ actual cardiac response in anticipation of pain stimuli showed a deceleration in heart rates, coherently with the well-known orienting cardiac response in anticipation of threatening stimuli (Experiment 1). In a control experiment, such perceptual and cardiac modulations were dramatically reduced when the feedback reproduced an exteroceptive, instead of interoceptive cardiac feedback (Experiment 2). These findings show for the first time that cardiac feedback manipulation can be conceptualized in terms of an interoceptive inference that modulates both our perception and the physiological state of the body, thereby actively generating the interoceptive and autonomic consequences that have been predicted.
Supercomputer framework for reverse engineering firing patterns of neuron populations to identify their synaptic inputs
Authors: Chardon Matthieu K , Wang Y Curtis , Garcia Marta , Besler Emre , Beauchamp J Andrew , D'Mello Michael , Powers Randall K , Heckman Charles J
Published: September 2023

In this study, we develop new reverse engineering (RE) techniques to identify the organization of the synaptic inputs generating firing patterns of populations of neurons. We tested these techniques in silico to allow rigorous evaluation of their effectiveness, using remarkably extensive parameter searches enabled by massively-parallel computation on supercomputers. We chose spinal motoneurons as our target neural system, since motoneurons process all motor commands and have well-established input-output properties. One set of simulated motoneurons was driven by 300,000+ simulated combinations of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory inputs. Our goal was to determine if these firing patterns had sufficient information to allow RE identification of the input combinations. Like other neural systems, the motoneuron input-output system is likely non-unique. This non-uniqueness could potentially limit this RE approach, as many input combinations can produce similar outputs. However, our simulations revealed that firing patterns contained sufficient information to sharply restrict the solution space. Thus, our RE approach successfully generated estimates of the actual simulated patterns of excitation, inhibition, and neuromodulation, with variances accounted for ranging from 75–90%. It was striking that nonlinearities induced in firing patterns by the neuromodulation inputs did not impede RE, but instead generated distinctive features in firing patterns that aided RE. These simulations demonstrate the potential of this form of RE analysis. It is likely that the ever-increasing capacity of supercomputers will allow increasingly accurate RE of neuron inputs from their firing patterns from many neural systems.
Orientaciones Curriculares para la Interpretación Musical en un Contexto no Formal de Educación: un análisis documental
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Espinosa Squella Elqui Daniel
Published: September 2023

Este estudio exploratorio permite conocer cómo se relevan los aprendizajes que promueve el currículum nacional a través de los Programas de Estudio de Música e Interpretación Musical, en un contexto no formal de educación. Para ello, se hizo un estudio cualitativo, de tipo análisis documental, a través del análisis de las planificaciones docentes que formulan músicos profesionales que ejercen la docencia en estos contextos de aprendizaje. El problema planteado se centra en la falta de articulación entre los contextos de educación formal y no formal, lo que se refleja en la ausencia de orientaciones para los programas formativos de educación no formal en vinculación con los aprendizajes que promueve el currículum, lo que se evidencia en las planificaciones docentes analizadas. Se destaca la importancia de entregar elementos del currículum nacional a estos contextos para ampliar el alcance de la educación y brindar experiencias de aprendizaje más enriquecedoras. También la necesidad de un apoyo institucional para potenciar estas oportunidades de aprendizaje fuera del sistema escolar. También se aborda la importancia de la educación musical como una oportunidad para el desarrollo integral, promover la educación permanente, y la promoción del aprendizaje que no se limita a los espacios formales de la escuela, concluyendo con propuestas orientadoras que contribuyan a potenciar los aprendizajes en los contextos no formales de educación.
Promoviendo el bienestar docente: Estrategias de reconocimiento para prevenir y abordar el agotamiento profesional en un colegio subvencionado en la comuna de Dalcahue
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Jensen Heresi Constanza
Published: September 2023

El siguiente proyecto tiene como objetivo investigar y abordar el agotamiento laboral en los docentes, conocido como burnout. Se examinarán diversos aspectos relacionados con la carga de trabajo, las demandas laborales, los aspectos emocionales y psicológicos, así como los factores organizacionales y contextuales que contribuyen al desgaste docente. Se utilizará una metodología mixta que combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, aplicando cuestionarios y entrevistas a una muestra representativa de docentes. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán diseñar estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral de los docentes y explorar el papel del reconocimiento en la prevención del agotamiento. Se analizará cómo el reconocimiento influye en la motivación, el compromiso y la satisfacción laboral de los docentes. Este proyecto se enmarca en la metodología de investigación-acción, promoviendo la colaboración entre investigadores y profesionales de la educación. Se buscará identificar, implementar y evaluar intervenciones que generen cambios significativos en el contexto educativo, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de los docentes y prevenir el agotamiento laboral. Hasta el momento, se han logrado avances en la implementación de prácticas de reconocimiento en el colegio estudiado, como compartir calendarios de actividades, elegir al "mejor compañero", organizar eventos de reconocimiento y proteger tiempo de planificación. Estos resultados preliminares respaldan la importancia del reconocimiento en el ámbito educativo y su impacto positivo en el bienestar de los docentes. Los hallazgos obtenidos proporcionan información valiosa para diseñar e implementar estrategias que promuevan una mejor calidad de vida laboral para los docentes y prevengan el agotamiento.
Role of the glycoprotein Spike S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the function of hemichannels formed by Cx43
Authors:   , Prieto Villalobos Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

Introducción: El virus SARS-CoV-2 causante de la pandemia COVID-19 ha generado una crisis sanitaria mundial. A pesar del rápido desarrollo de vacunas contra el COVID-19, los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 y su impacto en la fisiología celular siguen siendo objeto de investigación. Un aspecto incierto es si el daño celular inducido por el COVID-19 se debe al SARS-CoV-2 per se, sus proteínas víricas (en particular la proteína de espiga S1 [spike S1]), y/o la inflamación sistémica inducida por la infección. Estudios anteriores indican que la activación de los hemicanales es crucial para la replicación viral y el daño celular evocado por diversas proteínas virales. Los hemicanales abarcan una familia de canales de la membrana plasmática que permiten el intercambio iónico y molecular entre el citosol y el espacio extracelular. De manera relevante, la apertura persistente de estos canales ha sido asociado a la patogénesis de diferentes enfermedades. Sin embargo, se desconoce si la proteína spike S1 afecta a la actividad de los hemicanales. Materiales y Métodos: Células HeLa transfectadas con la conexina-43 GFP (HeLa-Cx43GFP), o con la Cx43GFP más la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina 2 m Cherry (HeLa-Cx43GFP/ACE2mCherry) fueron tratadas durante 1-72 h con spike S1 (10-1000 pM). Luego se midió la actividad de los hemicanales mediante experimentos de captación de colorante y registros de fluorescencia en tiempo real por microscopia de epifluorescencia. Resultados: Spike S1 aumentó significativamente la captación de colorante en las células HeLa-Cx43GFP, fenómeno que se potenció en las células Cx43GFP/ACE2mCherry. Dos bloqueadores específicos de los hemicanales de Cx43 (Tat-L2 y gap19) suprimieron completamente estas respuestas y tampoco se observaron en las células HeLa parentales. Discusión: Se propone que la apertura persistente de los hemicanales de Cx43 podría contribuir al daño celular causado por el SARS-CoV-2. En este sentido, estos canales podrían ser un nuevo blanco terapéutico para hacer frente al cuadro clínico generado por el COVID prolongado o “Long-COVID”.
Teletrabalho jurídico compulsório na pandemia do COVID-19: a experiência de advogados públicos federais
Authors: Lima Fábio Lucas de Albuquerque
Published: September 2023

Nesse artigo, analisa-se a experiência de advogados públicos federais em teletrabalho compulsório durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em 04 unidades da Advocacia-Geral da União (AGU), em Brasília, Distrito Federal, de março de 2020 a março de 2022. A metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se preponderantemente em pesquisa qualitativa com técnica de realização de entrevistas. Houve a utilização de dados quantitativos, de fonte secundária. A análise dos dados se deu com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, verificou-se aumento de produtividade e percepção de redução de custos com o teletrabalho em regime integral. Do lado do advogado público federal, há a percepção de ganhos em qualidade de vida em razão da flexibilidade do teletrabalho e preferência majoritária pelo sistema de trabalho híbrido.
Application of the control chart for variables in a vehicle assembly plant in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mendonça Ygor Henrique Kuwata , De Barros José Glênio Medeiros , Da Fonseca Bernardo Bastos , Aguilera Maria Victoria Cabrera , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza
Published: September 2023

Vehicle assemblers have quality as a prerequisite for the proper functioning of their process. The monitoring of the quality of this type of industrial activity is carried out by means of control charts by variables. The objective of this article is to show a case study carried out in a company in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro that used this type of control chart, more specifically the control chart of the mean and amplitude to evaluate a process carried out by three machines. The results showed the need for some adjustments and managerial attitudes will be taken to improve the process.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF A POLYHERBAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AYURVEDIC FORMULATION [NIA/DG/2015/01]
Authors: Goyal Swati , Rath Sudipta Kumar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Hypertension is a complex clinical illness with a frequency of 40.8 percent in the urban Indian population and 17.9 percent in the rural population. Multiple antihypertensives are used to treat hypertension. However, many have adverse effects and are hazardous. NIA/DG/2015/01 is a polyherbal antihypertensive ayurvedic ghan formulation, containing Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna Roxb.), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Linn.), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy.), Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.). Aim and objective: To evaluate a polyherbal antihypertensive Ayurvedic formulation [NIA/DG/2015/01] in terms of pharmacognosy, physiochemistry, phytochemistry and chromatography. Materials and methods: A polyherbal antihypertensive ayurvedic formulation [NIA/DG/2015/01] was evaluated for purity, safety, and quality using pharmaco-gnostical, physiochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic methods. Observations and Results: The pharmaco-gnostical, physiochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic results were within normal limits per API. Conclusion: The present sample of a polyherbal antihypertensive ayurvedic formulation [NIA/DG/2015/01] met quality standards for purity, safety and authenticity.
A REVIEW ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH AYURVEDIC LIFESTYLE
Authors: Garg Ragini , Sharma Amrita , Sharma Chandershekhar , Sharma SK
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda is a comprehensive, unique science that encompasses all aspects of health. Ayurveda affirms health can be attained only if all the physiological parameters are in equilibrium with a healthy mind, intellect and senses. Mental health is an integral part of Ayurveda. Emotional intelligence curtains a big part of human intelligence that exteriorise the ability to sense, value and understand efficaciously, to effectively apply the power of emotions as a source of human energy. Emotional intelligence is tied to cognition and emotional balance in life. An imbalance in the emotional state can create difficulties in people's social and individual lives and is the primary etio-pathological reason for many mental and physical disorders. Ayurveda has a beautiful insight into dealing with the causes and solutions to find how we can curtail these disorders and make our lives happy. The theory of prakriti is the core concept of Ayurveda that describes the individual constitution on a mental and physical basis. It is an indicator of the physical and psychological status of a person. Ayurveda provides an exquisite and insightful perspective on the mind and the art of fostering its health through manas prakriti (mental constitution) analysis. Ayurveda annotates the balance of health and well-being by numerous means using herbs and lifestyle management tips (Achara rasayana, dincharya, ritucharya and sadvritta). The paper highlights the concept of manas prakriti about emotional intelligence and the role of Ayurveda in curing emotional intelligence-related issues.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN TERMS OF AYURVEDA
Authors: . Jigyasha , Vyas Prem Prakash , Singhal Harish K. , Rai Dinesh K.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are conditions characterised by impaired social interaction communication skills and associated stereotypic, restrictive and repetitive behavioural patterns. According to a WHO report, it is estimated that worldwide, about one in 100 children has ASD. In India, according to the calculation of the Rehabilitation Council of India, the prevalence rate is 1 in 500 or 0.2%. Multimodal management approach of Ayurveda comprising herbal supplements, Ayurveda compounds, and panchakarma therapies. In Ayurvedic literature, Acharyas mention three types of chikitsa for the whole body and mind level- daivavyapashraya, yuksivyapashraya and satvavjaya chikitsa. These treatments benefit autistic children by a different mechanism of action and improve their quality of life. It concluded that Ayurveda provides safe, effective, cheap and untoward effect-free management along with enhancing the quality of life for people living with ASD and bringing back smiles on parents' faces.
Overview and Prospect of Underwater Desilting Robot
Authors: Yehao Kang , Shuaihao Li , Houlin Ji
Published: September 2023

The serious accumulation of sludge in the water outlet of the South to North Water Diversion Project poses a constraint on the sustainable development of the water ecosystem and the long-term development of the water storage system. Silt accumulation may lead to problems such as deterioration of water quality, damage to water ecosystems, and water level decline. In order to solve the problem of sludge accumulation, it is necessary to carry out dredging and dredging work for the water body at the outlet of the water outlet. Dredging can restore water capacity, maintain ecological balance, and contribute to the sustainable management of water systems. At present, there are still many shortcomings in the existing dredging technology for small and medium-sized water bodies on the market, which is difficult to meet the requirements of dredging in the South to North Water Diversion Project. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to develop new dredging robots to meet the environmental dredging needs. This article is based on the background of water dredging and control at the exit of the South to North Water Diversion Project. Through in-depth analysis of existing dredging robot technology and underwater robot technology, and combined with research status at home and abroad, it is planned to provide guidance and direction for the design and development of underwater dredging robot humans with environmental protection dredging functions in the future.
The Use of Historical Controls in Clinical Trials
Authors: Marion Joe D. , Althouse Andrew D.
Published: September 2023

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods explains the use of historical controls—persons who had received a specific control treatment in a previous study—when randomizing participants to that control treatment in a subsequent trial may not be practical or ethical.
Rate of Correction and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Severe Hypernatremia
Authors: Feigin Eugene , Feigin Libi , Ingbir Merav , Ben-Bassat Orit Kliuk , Shepshelovich Daniel
Published: September 2023

Importance

Hypernatremia is common among hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality rates. Current guidelines suggest avoiding fast correction rates but are not supported by robust data.

Objective

To investigate whether there is an association between hypernatremia correction rate and patient survival.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study examined data from all patients admitted to the Tel Aviv Medical Center between 2007 and 2021 who were diagnosed with severe hypernatremia (serum sodium ≥155 mmol/L) at admission or during hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed from April 2022 to August 2023.

Exposure

Patients were grouped as having fast correction rates (>0.5 mmol/L/h) and slow correction rates (≤0.5 mmol/L/h) in accordance with current guidelines.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause 30-day mortality.

Results

A total of 4265 patients were included in this cohort, of which 2621 (61.5%) were men and 343 (8.0%) had fast correction rates; the median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 78 (64-87) years. Slow correction was associated with higher 30-day mortality compared with fast correction (50.7% [1990 of 3922] vs 31.8% [109 of 343]; P < .001). These results remained significant after adjusting for demographics (age, gender), Charlson comorbidity index, initial sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, hospitalization in an ICU, and severe hyperglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.55-2.62]), regardless of whether hypernatremia was hospital acquired (aOR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.57-3.05]) or documented on admission (aOR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.06-2.55]). There was a strong negative correlation between absolute sodium correction during the first 24 hours following the initial documentation of severe hypernatremia and 30-day mortality (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.80 [95% CI, −0.93 to −0.50]; P < .001). Median (IQR) hospitalization length was shorter for fast correction vs slow correction rates (5.0 [2.1-14.9] days vs 7.2 [3.5-16.1] days; P < .001). Prevalence of neurological complications was comparable for both groups, and none were attributed to fast correction rates of hypernatremia.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of patients with severe hypernatremia found that rapid correction of hypernatremia was associated with shorter hospitalizations and significantly lower patient mortality without any signs of neurologic complications. These results suggest that physicians should consider the totality of evidence when considering the optimal rates of correction for patients with severe hypernatremia.
Climate Change and Cancer Care—Feeling the Heat
Authors: Schiller Joan H. , Bernicker Eric , Thomas Alexandra
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint describes how climate change and air pollution markedly affect cancer incidence, care delivery, and patient outcomes.
From bedside to portable and wearable: development of a conformable ultrasound patch for deep breast tissue imaging
Authors: Burgess Mark T. , Gluskin Jill , Pinker Katja
Published: September 2023

A breakthrough study from Du et al. has developed a wearable, ultrasound imaging patch for standardized and reproducible breast tissue imaging. The technology utilizes a honeycomb patch design to facilitate guided movement of the ultrasound array, enabling comprehensive, multiangle breast imaging. The system was validated in vitro and in vivo with a single human subject and has the potential for early‐stage breast cancer detection. This study addressed the current limitations of wearable ultrasound technologies, including imaging over large, curvilinear organs and integration of superior piezoelectric materials for high‐performance ultrasound arrays. The transition of ultrasound from the bedside to portable and wearable devices will pave the way for integration with big data collection, such as artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnosis and personalized ultrasonographic profile generation, for rapid and objective measurements. This advancement is especially important in the context of breast cancer, where early diagnosis and assessment of medical therapy responses are paramount to patient care.
Wide Bandgap Heterostructured Dielectric Polymers by Rapid Photo‐Crosslinking for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Pei Zhantao , Liu Yijie , Zhao Wutong , Yang Caiyi , Li Shengtao , Jiang Pingkai , Chen Jie , Huang Xingyi
Published: September 2023

Polymer dielectrics capable of operating stably at high temperatures (>150 °C) are urgently in great demand to catch up with the booming electric power systems. Enhancing the heat resistance of polymers is typically achieved through thermal crosslinking with the use of crosslinking agents. Unfortunately, the conventional thermal crosslinking faces challenges in terms of commercialization due to its complex fabrication, inevitable introduction of small molecule impurities, and significant time and energy consumption. Here, a convenient, impurity‐free, time and energy efficient photo‐crosslinking method to create wide bandgap heterostructures within a dielectric polymer matrix, is presented. Remarkably, this approach achieves synergistically enhanced heat resistance and electrical insulation. Surprisingly, the crosslinked polymer exhibits an unprecedented Weibull characteristic breakdown strength of 1057 and 810 MV m−1 at room temperature and at 150 °C, respectively, which corresponds to superior energy storage densities of 14.28 and 5.55 J cm−3 with a charge–discharge efficiency of 90%, respectively. Furthermore, the polymer demonstrates an excellent electrical breakdown self‐healing character. These remarkable achievements, combined with the convenient and cost‐effective fabrication process, highlight the potential of cinnamate photo‐crosslinking in advancing high‐performance polymer dielectrics.
Self‐Assembled Nanoporous Metal–Organic Framework Monolayer Film for Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Xiao Jie , Cong Muyu , Li Minmin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yahui , Zhao Xinjia , Lu Wenqi , Guo Zhimou , Liang Xinmiao , Qing Guangyan
Published: September 2023

Osmotic energy represents a promising energy resource because it is sustainable and environmentally benign. Subnanoscale channels are considered as a competitive platform for generating this blue energy due to their highly selective and ultrafast ion transport. However, fabricating functional subnanochannels capable of high energy output remains challenging. Here, a heterogeneous subnanochannel membrane formed by coating a functionalized self‐assembled metal−organic framework (MOF) monolayer (SAMM) film on a porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane, is reported. The SAMM film, with a thickness of ≈160 nm, is fabricated by self‐assembly of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐vinylimidazole)‐modified UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles at the water−air interface. In the SAMM, imidazole and NH2 groups provide abundant positive charges, while the angstrom‐scale windows act as ionic filters for selective screening of anions with different hydration diameters. As a result, the heterogeneous membrane exhibits excellent capacity for anion‐selective transport, which contributes to an optimal osmotic power of 6.76 W m−2 under a 100‐fold NaCl gradient, as well as a high Cl−/SO42− selectivity of ≈42.2. Further, the output power is increased to 10.5 W m−2 by methylating imidazole moieties on the MOF surface. This work provides a facile and modular approach to fabricate subnanochannels for enabling highly selective and efficient osmotic energy conversion.
Unique Semi‐Coherent Nanostructure Advancing Thermoelectrics of N‐Type PbSe
Authors: Deng Qian , Zhang Fujie , Nan Pengfei , Zhang Ziyou , Gan Lin , Chen Zhiqiang , Ge Binghui , Dong Hongliang , Mao Ho‐kwang , Ang Ran
Published: September 2023

Introducing nanostructures into bulk thermoelectric materials is an effective strategy for reducing lattice thermal conductivity (κlat). However, large numbers of hanging bonds emerge on account of lattice mismatch usually at the interfaces between nanostructures and matrix, thereby significantly deteriorating carrier mobility (µH) and seriously limiting thermoelectric performance. Here, utilizing the cointroduction of Gd‐Cu2Te into n‐type PbSe as a paradigm, the zT could be greatly improved. The conduction band flattening caused by Gd doping can successfully compensate for the small Seebeck coefficient in n‐type PbSe, thus achieving extraordinary electrical performance. Further advanced electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra directly demonstrate that most of the Cu forms nanoscale Cu2Se precipitates, especially a unique semi‐coherent interface between the PbSe matrix and the Cu2Se nanoprecipitate is observed for the first time. Such nanoprecipitate accompanied by the semi‐coherent interface not only ensures higher µH as an excellent charge transfer mediator but also collectively scatters the heat‐carrying phonons over a wide frequency range to obtain the ultralow κlat, resulting in the prominent improvement of the ratio µH/κlat. The present finding represents an important step forward in electron–phonon decoupling via constructing semi‐coherent nanostructure and interface engineering, which should be applicable for other thermoelectric materials.
In Situ Formation of 2D Perovskite Seeding for Record‐Efficiency Indoor Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Li Yong , Nie Ting , Ren Xiaodong , Wu Yin , Zhang Jing , Zhao Pengjun , Yao Yuying , Liu Yucheng , Feng Jiangshan , Zhao Kui , Zhang Wenhua , Liu Shengzhong
Published: September 2023

With 40% efficiency under room light intensity, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will be promising power supplies for low‐light applications, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and indoor electronics, shall they become commercialized. Herein, β‐alaninamide hydrochloride (AHC) is utilized to spontaneously form a layer of 2D perovskite nucleation seeds for improved film uniformity, crystallization quality, and solar cell performance. It is found that the AHC addition indeed improves film quality as demonstrated by better uniformity, lower trap density, smaller lattice stress, and, as a result, a 10‐fold increase in charge carrier lifetime. Consequently, not only does the small‐area (0.09 cm2) PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of 42.12%, the large‐area cells (1.00 cm2, and 2.56 cm2) attain efficiency as high as 40.93%, and 40.07% respectively. All of these are the highest efficiency values for indoor photovoltaic cells with similar sizes, and more importantly, they represent the smallest efficiency loss due to area scale‐up. This work provides a new method to fabricate high‐performance indoor PSCs (i‐PSCs) for IoT devices with great potential in large‐area printing technology.
Preparation of High Conductive Medium and Establishment of Laege Capacity Conductive Channel
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu YuQiang , Zhou JianPing , Sun DaQian , Li HongMei
Published: September 2023

The preparation of highly conductive media and the construction of conducting channels play a crucial role in improving the electrical conductivity of electrically conductive adhesives. Therefore, a new MXene structure is reported in this paper, and the improved structure is rationally designed by computational modeling, which greatly prevents the buildup of MXene nanosheets, improves the stability of the structure, and creates a wide electron transfer channel, and the capacitance contribution of this structure is up to 86.3%. By mixing MXene modified with Ag‐plated copper powder in a quantitative relationship to form high conductive media, the electrical conductivity is largely improved and the defect of low electron transfer rate of conventional conductive fillers is broken. The potential value of high conductive media is largely exploited using high throughput and machine learning methods, and here we show that the resistivity has reached 9.668 × 10−7 Ω m. The first principles investigate the conductive channels and electron transfer pathways of high‐conductive media at the atomic level, further revealing the mechanism of action of high‐conductive media. This study is also the first report on the application of MXene to high‐conductive media.
Suppressing Bulk Strain and Surface O2 Release in Li‐Rich Cathodes by Just Tuning the Li Content
Authors: Hao Zhenkun , Sun Haoxiang , Ni Youxuan , Yang Gaojing , Yang Zhuo , Hao Zhimeng , Wang Ruihan , Yang Pengkun , Lu Yong , Zhao Qing , Xie Weiwei , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Wei , Chen Jun
Published: September 2023

Layered oxides represent a prominent class of cathodes employed in lithium‐ion batteries. The structural degradation of layered cathodes causes capacity decay during cycling, which is generally induced by anisotropic lattice strain in the bulk of cathode particle and oxygen release at the surface. However, particularly in lithium‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) that undergo intense oxygen redox reactions, the challenge of simultaneously addressing bulk and surface issues through a singular modification technique remains arduous. Here a thin (1‐nm) and coherent spinel‐like phase is constructed on the surface of LLOs particle to suppress bulk strain and surface O2 release by just adjusting the amount of lithium source during synthesis. The spinel‐like phase hinders the surface O2 release by accommodating O2 inside the surface layer, while the trapped O2 in the bulk impedes strain evolution by ≈70% at high voltages compared with unmodified LLOs. Consequently, the enhanced structural stability leads to an improved capacity retention of 97.6% and a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.5% after 100 cycles at 0.1°C. These findings provide profound mechanistic insights into the functioning of surface structure and offer guidance for synthesizing high‐capacity cathodes with superior cyclability.
An Ultrahigh‐Contrast Violet Phosphorus Van der Waals Phototransistor
Authors: Chen Weilin , Zhang Ruan , Gu Mengyue , Zhang Lihui , Xie Binghe , Yu Zhe , Chen An , Li Jinjin , Liu Shuzhi , Gao Pingqi , Zhang Jinying , Cai Xinghan , Liu Gang
Published: September 2023

Ultrahigh‐contrast photodetection with low background noise is of critical importance for accurate image‐sensing in deep‐sea and deep‐space exploration. The state‐of‐the‐art silicon and III–V semiconductor‐based photodetectors usually require extended exposure to incident light for high‐quality sensing in darkness, which unfortunately results in large room temperature dark currents (RT‐Idark) and deteriorates the expected imaging contrasts. Herein, a high‐performance violet phosphorus (VP) phototransistor is reported by constructing a trap‐free interface between the VP channel and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) dielectric via perfect van der Waals stacking. The device shows an extremely low RT‐Idark of 80 fA and gate‐tunable high ON/OFF ratio over 105, which is 2–4 orders of magnitude superior to that of conventional counterparts. A VP photodetector array has been fabricated to demonstrate the high‐contrast image‐sensing capability. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of VP in low background noise and ultrahigh‐contrast image‐sensing applications, while also presenting exciting opportunities to enhance interface qualities through van der Waals architectures for high‐performance optoelectronics.
An Amorphous Native Oxide Shell for High Bias‐Stress Stability Nanowire Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Zhuang Xinming , Sa Zixu , Zhang Jie , Wang Mingxu , Xu Mingsheng , Liu Fengjing , Song Kepeng , He Tao , Chen Feng , Yang Zai‐xing
Published: September 2023

The inhomogeneous native oxide shells on the surfaces of III–V group semiconductors typically yield inferior and unstable electrical properties metrics, challenging the development of next‐generation integrated circuits. Herein, the native GaOx shells are profitably utilized by a simple in‐situ thermal annealing process to achieve high‐performance GaSb nanowires (NWs) field‐effect‐transistors (FETs) with excellent bias‐stress stability and synaptic behaviors. By an optimal annealing time of 5 min, the as‐constructed GaSb NW FET demonstrates excellent stability with a minimal shift of transfer curve (ΔVth ≈ 0.54 V) under a 60 min gate bias, which is far more stable than that of pristine GaSb NW FET (ΔVth ≈ 8.2 V). When the high bias‐stress stability NW FET is used as the chargeable‐dielectric free synaptic transistor, the typical synaptic behaviors, such as short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, spike‐time‐dependent plasticity, and reliable learning stability are demonstrated successfully through the voltage tests. The mobile oxygen ion in the native GaOx shell strongly offsets the trapping states and leads to enhanced bias‐stress stability and charge retention capability for synaptic behaviors. This work provides a new way of utilizing the native oxide shell to realize stable FET for chargeable‐dielectric free neuromorphic computing systems.
Bioadhesive Microcarriers Encapsulated with IL‐27 High Expressive MSC Extracellular Vesicles for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment
Authors: Nie Min , Huang Danqing , Chen Guopu , Zhao Yuanjin , Sun Lingyun
Published: September 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, while overcoming the limitations of naive seeding cells function and realizing efficient intestinal targeting remains a challenge. Here, a bioadhesive microparticle carrying interleukin‐27 (IL‐27) MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSCIL‐27 EVs) is developed to treat IBD. The MSCIL‐27 EVs prepared through lentivirus‐mediated gene transfection technology show ideal anti‐inflammatory and damage repair function. By encapsulating MSCIL‐27 EVs into dopamine methacrylamide‐modified hydrogel, a bioadhesive EVs microcarrier via microfluidic technology is fabricated. The resultant microcarriers exhibit ideal MSCIL‐27 EVs sustained release effect and effective wet adhesion property. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of MSCIL‐27 EVs‐loaded microcarriers in treating IBD is demonstrated. Through giving IBD rats a rectal administration, it is found that the microcarriers can firmly anchor to the surface of colon, reduce the inflammatory response, and repair the damaged barrier. Therefore, the bioadhesive MSCIL‐27 EVs‐loaded microcarriers provide a promising strategy for the biomedical application of MSC‐derived EVs, and broaden the clinical potential of MSC therapy.
The Critical Role of The Piezo1/β‐catenin/ATF4 Axis on The Stemness of Gli1+ BMSCs During Simulated Microgravity‐Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Tian Hongtao , Chen Wei , Liu Yunlu , Cao Yulin , Pei Hongxin , Ming Chaochang , Shan Cunqing , Chen Xihui , Dai Zhipeng , Yang Shuhua , Shao Zengwu , Lan Shenghui , Liu Yong , Tong Wei
Published: September 2023

Disuse osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass caused by abnormal mechanical stimulation of bone. Piezo1 is a major mechanosensitive ion channel in bone homeostasis. However, whether intervening in the action of Piezo1 can rescue disuse osteoporosis remains unresolved. In this study, a commonly‐used hindlimb‐unloading model is employed to simulate microgravity. By single‐cell RNA sequencing, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most downregulated cell cluster, and coincidentally, Piezo1 expression is mostly enriched in those cells, and is substantially downregulated by unloading. Importantly, activation of Piezo1 by systemically‐introducing yoda1 mimics the effects of mechanical stimulation and thus ameliorates bone loss under simulated microgravity. Mechanistically, Piezo1 activation promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Gli1+ BMSCs by activating the β‐catenin and its target gene activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Inhibiting β‐catenin expression substantially attenuates the effect of yoda1 on bone loss, possibly due to inhibited proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capability of Gli1+ BMSCs mediated by ATF4. Lastly, Piezo1 activation also slightly alleviates the osteoporosis of OVX and aged mice. In conclusion, impaired function of Piezo1 in BMSCs leads to insufficient bone formation especially caused by abnormal mechanical stimuli, and is thus a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
3D Chiral Self‐Assembling Matrixes for Regulating Polarization of Macrophages and Enhance Repair of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Li , Lu Kongli , Su Nan , Li Xueqin , Guo Shuoxiang , Xue Song , Lian Feng , Feng Chuanliang
Published: September 2023

The regulation of inflammatory response at the site of injury and macrophage immunotherapy is critical for tissue repair. Chiral self‐assemblies are one of the most ubiquitous life cues, which is closely related to biological functions, life processes, and even the pathogenesis of diseases. However, the role of supramolecular chiral self‐assemblies in the regulation of immune functions in the internal environment of tissues has not been fully explored yet. Herein, 3D supramolecular chiral self‐assembling matrixes are prepared to regulate the polarization of macrophages and further enhance the repair of myocardial infarction (MI). Experiments studies show that M‐type (left‐handed) self‐assembling matrixes significantly inhibit inflammation and promote damaged myocardium repair by upregulating M2 macrophage polarization and downstream immune signaling compared with P‐type (right‐handed), and R‐type (non‐chirality) self‐assembling matrixes. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation demonstrates that M‐type self‐assembling matrixes display higher stereo‐affinity to cellular binding, which enhances the clustering of mechanosensitive integrin β1 (Itgβ1) and activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK), as well as downstream PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling axes to promote M2 polarization. This study of designing a 3D chiral self‐assembling matrixes microenvironment suitable for regulating the polarization of macrophages will provide devise basis for immunotherapy with biomimetic materials.
Anomalous Elastic Evolution Induced by Copper Hopping in van der Waals Ferroelectric CuInP2S6
Authors: Shao Minghao , Yang Yuzhe , He Ri , Zhao Ruiting , Renshaw Wang X. , Zhong Zhicheng , Liu Houfang , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling
Published: September 2023

Van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS) has great potential in post‐Moore's law electronics owing to their advantages of weak interlayer interaction, stable surface with free dangling bonds, and robust switchable spontaneous polarization. The flexoelectric effect is demonstrated as an alternative switching method for the design of ferroelectric domains in layered vdW CIPS. However, the investigation of the correlation between the polarization and elastic properties remains indistinct. Here, an elastic evolution is explored experimentally and theoretically in layered vdW CIPS with temperature, of which Young's modulus (EYoung) is determined by analyzing the force‐indentation responses of vdW ferroelectric CIPS. Interestingly, an anomalous leap in EYoung of CIPS from 35 to 65 GPa occurs when the temperature rises across the Curie temperature TC of ≈315 K. Deep potential molecular dynamic (DPMD) simulations identify that this abnormal behavior can be attributed to temperature‐dependent change of copper distribution and the local copper dynamic hopping, intertwined with the order‐disorder ferroelectric phase transition, which is quite different from the typical decrease of EYoung in the lattice constant due to temperature increasing. The exploration provides an important reference for the analysis of coupled mechanical properties and ferroelectricity in CIPS and its applications in flexible electronics.
Parental age effects and Rett syndrome
Authors: Fang Xiaolan , Baggett Lauren M. , Caylor Raymond C. , Percy Alan K. , Neul Jeffrey L. , Lane Jane B. , Glaze Daniel G. , Benke Tim A. , Marsh Eric D. , Motil Kathleen J. , Barrish Judy O. , Annese Fran E. , Skinner Steven A.
Published: September 2023

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder, and pathogenic Methyl‐CpG‐binding Protein 2 (MECP2) variants are identified in >95% of individuals with typical RTT. Most of RTT‐causing variants in MECP2 are de novo and usually on the paternally inherited X chromosome. While paternal age has been reported to be associated with increased risk of genetic disorders, it is unknown whether parental age contributes to the risk of the development of RTT. Clinical data including parental age, RTT diagnostic status, and clinical severity are collected from 1226 participants with RTT and confirmed MECP2 variants. Statistical analyses are performed using Student t‐test, single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multi‐factor regression. No significant difference is observed in parental ages of RTT probands compared to that of the general population. A small increase in parental ages is observed in participants with missense variants compared to those with nonsense variants. When we evaluate the association between clinical severity and parental ages by multiple regression analysis, there is no clear association between clinical severity and parental ages. Advanced parental ages do not appear to be a risk factor for RTT, and do not contribute to the clinical severity in individuals with RTT.
Neighboring Molecular Engineering in Diels–Alder Chemistry Enabling Easily Recyclable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Gu Song , Xiao Yan‐Fang , Tan Shi‐Huan , Liu Bo‐Wen , Guo De‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Chen Li
Published: September 2023

Although a variety of dynamic covalent bonds have been successfully used in the development of diverse sustainable thermosetting polymers and their composites, solving the trade‐off between recovery efficiency and comprehensive properties is still a major challenge. Herein, a “one‐stone‐two‐birds” strategy of lower rotational energy barrier (Er) phosphate‐derived Diels–Alder (DA) cycloadditions was proposed for easily recyclable carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced epoxy resins (EPs) composites. In such a strategy, the phosphate spacer with lower Er accelerated the segmental mobility and dynamic DA exchange reaction for network rearrangement to achieve high‐efficiency repairing, reprocessing of the EPs matrix and its composites and rapid nondestructive recycling of CF; meanwhile, incorporating phosphorus‐based units especially reduced their fire hazards. The resulting materials simultaneously showed excellent thermal/mechanical properties, superb fire safety and facile recyclability, realizing the concept of recycling for high‐performance thermosetting polymers and composites. This strategy is of great significance for understanding and enriching the molecular connotation of DA chemistry, making it potentially applicable to the design and development of a wide range of dynamic covalent adaptable materials toward practical cutting‐edge‐tech applications.
Stabilization and Binding of [V4O12]4− and Unprecedented [V20O54(NO3)]n− to Lysozyme upon Loss of Ligands and Oxidation of the Potential Drug VIVO(acetylacetonato)2
Authors: Ferraro Giarita , Tito Gabriella , Sciortino Giuseppe , Garribba Eugenio , Merlino Antonello
Published: September 2023

High‐resolution crystal structures of lysozyme in the presence of the potential drug VIVO(acetylacetonato)2 under two different experimental conditions have been solved. The crystallographic study reveals the loss of the ligands, the oxidation of VIV to VV and the subsequent formation of adducts of the protein with two different polyoxidovanadates: [V4O12]4−, which interacts with lysozyme non‐covalently, and the unprecedented [V20O54(NO3)]n−, which is covalenty bound to the side chain of an aspartate residue of symmetry related molecules.
Divergent Synthesis of Chelating Aziridines and Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) from Pyridyl‐Tethered Robust Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Baguli Sudip , Sarkar Subham , Nath Soumajit , Mallick Dibyendu , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: September 2023

Azomethine ylides are typically in situ generated synthons for making N‐heterocycles through cycloaddition reactions. But an offbeat aspect about them is the isomeric nature of aldiminium‐based azomethine ylides and (alkyl/aryl)(amino)carbenes, interconvertible by a formal 1,3‐H+ transfer. Herein, two thermally robust azomethine ylides with a N‐appended picolyl sidearm are isolated, which cyclize to pyaziridines at 80 °C but unprecedentedly result N−picoCAAC‐CuCl (CAAC=cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene) complexes when heated with CuCl at merely 60 °C. The pendant Npy, as revealed by computational analysis, plays a crucial role in this unusual 1,3‐H+ shift using a deprotonation‐protonation sequence, as well as in placing the CuCl at the carbenic site in tandem. The softer nature of Cu(I) is also critical. Chelating CAACs are rare and one with a N‐tethered additional donor is priorly unknown. Both N‐picoCAAC and pyaziridine are bidentate chelators giving highly active cationic Rh(I) catalysts for hydrosilylating unactivated olefins by Et3SiH. Notably, the pyaziridine‐Rh(I) is superior than the N‐picoCAAC‐Rh(I) catalyst.