bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONTOLOGIA E VIDA: SOBRE O TRABALHO EM HEGEL, MARX E LUKÁCS
Authors: Lipka Pedron Lucas
Published: September 2019

Todo trabalho humano é um dispêndio de força de trabalho durante uma dada duração, que é capaz de gerar mais valor do que consome para se reproduzir. É da natureza do trabalho, enquanto dispêndio de força de trabalho, que produza mais do que o necessário para reproduzir, pelo metabolismo interno do corpo, a capacidade para despender a mesma força. E esse fato constitui a produtividade do trabalho humano. A racional exploração dessa produtividade inerente a atividade do trabalho é o que conﬁgura a mais-valia. É quanto o trabalho não se volta a uma atividade de mediação com a natureza, mas para a produção de mercadorias: a força de trabalho humana e social é usada para a produção de valores de troca. Enquanto forma particular, a mercadoria é uma anomalia social, e aqueles que ela inﬂuência, tem suas vidas condicionadas também por outros fatores histórico-sociais. Mas enquanto forma universal, a mercadoria, entendida como o processo de produção de objetos exclusivamente para troca, torna-se estrutural de todas as relações humanas. Ela passa a ser o modo de dominação efetiva sobre toda a sociedade, onde toda relação estabelecida entre os homens passa a ser feita por meio da mercadoria. Trata-se de destituir o homem da atividade com a qual ele produz sua humanidade; de reconectá-lo com essa atividade já como algo estranho e sem sentido para ele: o caráter desumanizado e desumanizante da relação mercantil é a reiﬁcação, a alienação do homem do mundo que constrói.
O (NÃO)LUGAR DA FILOSOFIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Maeso Benito Eduardo
Published: September 2019

O que faz com que seja possível proclamar a existência de uma ﬁlosoﬁa autenticamente brasileira? Neste artigo, serão analisadas algumas características do que poderia ser chamado de pensamento nacional, cujo mecanismo de geração seria caracterizado por dois processos: a apropriação e a ressigniﬁcação de conjuntos teóricos externos, gerando uma forma de pensar e agir que carregaria em si mesma a contradição entre o arcaico e o moderno, entre o universal e o particular. Esse mecanismo de funcionamento da formação do pensamento brasileiro é desnudado, de maneiras singulares, pelas análises de Paulo Arantes, Bento Prado Junior e Marilena Chauí, entre outros, que acabam por se debruçar sobre a seguinte questão: é possível uma ﬁlosoﬁa genuinamente brasileira que possa abdicar de uma relação com a tradição e a história da ﬁlosoﬁa ou é exatamente desta relação sui generis que surge a oportunidade de criarmos nossa própria gramática e discurso ﬁlosóﬁco? Em outras palavras, que lugar ocupa o pensamento e a produção intelectual na deﬁnição do “ser brasileiro”?
CONTROLE E ESPETÁCULO: IMAGENS CINEMATOGRÁFICAS DA TELEVISÃO DOS ANOS 1990
Authors: Felício Thiago Henrique
Published: September 2019

Três ﬁlmes produzidos e exibidos durante meados da década de 1990, O Efeito Ilha (Luiz Alberto Pereira, 1994), Como Nascem os Anjos (Murilo Salles, 1996) e Um Céu de Estrelas (Tata Amaral, 1996), testemunham algumas das respostas que eram possíveis de serem dadas pelos espectadores da televisão brasileira daquele contexto. Suas projeções foram bastante críticas, elas procuraram apontar para uma certa banalização da cultura pelas imagens, bem como para a alienação e para o controle provocados e exercidos através dos melodramas televisivos, que se tornavam cada vez mais onipresentes com a repetição das suas mensagens nos mais diferentes meios de divulgação.
A INVISIBILIDADE DE SI DO POVO BRASILEIRO NA OBRA DE DARCY RIBEIRO
Authors: De França Marcos Antonio de França
Published: September 2019

Nesse artigo pretendemos abordar, do ponto de vista ﬁlosóﬁco, alguns temas relacionados ao trabalho de Darcy Ribeiro como antropólogo e idealizador de uma gênese do povo brasileiro e de sua identidade. A obra pontual a que nos ativemos foi justamente O povo brasileiro. Trouxemos também uma reﬂexão mais profunda de como se instaura a desigualdade social atrelada a questão racial.
Diversion, Misuse and Abuse of Prescription Drugs in Upper-Middle-Income Countries: Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Chibi Buyisile , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P
Published: September 2019

Globally, the diversion, misuse, and abuse of prescription drugs is a growing public health problem. This narrative review focused on factors influencing this problem in Upper-Middle-Income Countries. The literature reports that factors related to health systems and health providers such as retail pressure, insufficient consultation time, lack of screening tools, ineffective monitoring and surveillance systems, poor implementation of regulatory policies, lack of strict enforcement of prescribing policies as well as lack of specialized training perpetuate the problem. Evidence suggests that consumers with lack of appropriate knowledge about medication use, lack of awareness regarding potential risks, and poor attitude toward medication usage were more likely to engage into drug diversion and misuse. Based on a critical reflection of the literature, we propose a framework that outlines interventions needed to halt factors influencing drug diversion, misuse and abuse through a collaborative approach that will enable behavioural change and reduce the risk of harmful health outcomes.
DNA Barcoding of Cyprinid Fish Chagunius chagunio Hamilton,1822 from Phewa Lake, Nepal
Authors: Amatya Bhaba
Published: September 2019

The present study is the first of its type that uses a technique of DNA barcoding to determine identification and relationship of a species of fish from Phewa lake, Nepal. The mitochondrial DNA from two ethanol-preserved samples of fish, randomly collected from Phewa lake, was extracted using Gene AllExgene TMtissue extraction kit. 650 base pair of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) was amplified using a cocktail of four primers and was sequenced bidirectionaly using Sanger sequence method. The DNA sequences were edited using AliView software. The sequences confirmed Chagunius chagunio as their alignment with 16 reference sequences belonging to Chagunius chagunio in the NCBI GenBank, scored highest percentage of Query Cover (75% to 100%) and Percentage Identity (97.29% to 100%). The MEGA software analysed the DNA sequences to obtain their corresponding protein sequences. The DNA sequences were submitted to the GenBank and accession numbers (MN087472 and MN087473) were obtained. Clustal Omega software analysed multiple sequence alignment among 19 homologous DNA sequences of Chagunius chagunio from India, Bangladesh and Phewa lake, Nepal. The percentage of similarity among the aligned sequences was calculated as 39.3%. Based on the neighbour joining tree, the Chagunius chagunio of Phewa lake is found closely related with Chagunius chagunio of Bangladesh.
Verslag MvO-symposium van 29 mei 2019
Authors: Devilee J.E.
Published: September 2019

Een blik op het verleden en de toekomst van het ondernemingsrecht. Verslag MvO-symposium van 29 mei 2019

Verslag van het MvO-symposium van 29 mei 2019, met lezingen over hoe het economisch marktdenken het sociale in het ondernemingsrecht in de verdrukking heeft gebracht, social entrepreneurship en tot slot de rol van het vennootschapsrecht in relatie tot externaliteiten.
‘Ernstig verwijt’ en selectieve betalingen
Authors: Karapetian A.
Published: September 2019

‘Ernstig verwijt’ en selectieve betalingen. Enkele beschouwingen naar aanleiding van HR 12 april 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:576

In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad ingegaan op het ‘ernstig verwijt’ als maatstaf voor de beoordeling van de aansprakelijkheid van bestuurders en wordt aandacht besteed aan het leerstuk van selectieve betalingen. De auteur reflecteert op het nut en de noodzaak van het ‘ernstig verwijt’ bij de verschillende grondslagen van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en bespreekt de verwikkelingen rondom de (on)geoorloofdheid van selectieve betalingen.
De pauliana in het Europese internationaal privaatrecht
Authors: Bil T.V.J.
Published: September 2019

De pauliana in het Europese internationaal privaatrecht

Met de pauliana kan een faillissementscurator of schuldeiser transacties van de schuldenaar met derden aantasten. In dit artikel wordt besproken hoe rechtsmacht en toepasselijk recht voor een paulianavordering binnen en buiten faillissement moeten worden bepaald. Daarbij valt op dat de situatie binnen faillissement veel overzichtelijker is dan buiten faillissement.
Uitleg van jointventurestatuten: Haviltex met een scheutje CAO of andersom?
Authors: Nowak R.G.J.
Published: September 2019

Uitleg van jointventurestatuten: Haviltex met een scheutje CAO of andersom?

De contractuele benadering van jointventurestatuten is al langere tijd een bestendige tendens in rechtspraak en doctrine. Zij erkent de economische werkelijkheid van jointventureverhoudingen. De auteur bepleit dat bij uitleg van jointventurestatuten de Haviltex-norm als uitgangspunt zou moeten dienen. Een objectieve uitleg is zijns inziens in beginsel slechts bij zeer weinig statutaire bepalingen geboden.
Rapid and Simultaneous Measurement of Praeruptorin A, Praeruptorin B, Praeruptorin E, and Moisture Contents in Peucedani Radix Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Hu Yijuan , Zhang Hongjian , Liang Weiqing , Xu Pan , Lou Kelang , Pu Jinbao
Published: September 2019

Background: Peucedani Radix is a popular traditional Chinese medicine herb with a long history in China. Praeruptorin A (PA), praeruptorin B (PB), and praeruptorin E (PE) are usually taken as important quality indexes of Peucedani Radix. Objective: To establish a rapid method for simultaneous determination of PA, PB, PE, and moisture contents in Peucedani Radix using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. Methods: One hundred twenty Peucedani Radix samples were analyzed with HPLC as a reference method. The NIR spectral scanning range was from 12000 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1. Partial least squares (PLS) regression algorithm was used to establish calibration models. Three variable selection methods were investigated, including variable importance in projection (VIP), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination (MCUVE). The performances of the established models were evaluated by root-mean-square error (RMSEC) and determination coefficient (Rc2) of calibration set, root-mean-square error (RMSEP) and determination coefficient (Rp2) of prediction set, and residual predictive deviation (RPD). Results: A clear ranking of the performance of the calibration models could be as follows: CARS-PLS > MCUVE-PLS > VIP-PLS > Full-PLS. For CARS-PLS, Rp2, RMSEP, and RPD of the prediction set are as follows: 0.9204, 0.0860%, and 3.5850 for PA; 0.8011, 0.0431%, and 2.0868 for PB; 0.8043, 0.0367%, and 2.1569 for PE; and 0.9249, 0.3350%, and 3.6551 for moisture, respectively. Conclusions: The NIR spectroscopy combined with CARS-PLS calibration models could be used for rapid and accurate determination of PA, PB, PE, and moisture contents in Peucedani Radix samples.
Determination of Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa Dried Flowers and Oils by LC-UV: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2018.10
Authors: Mudge Elizabeth M , Brown Paula N
Published: September 2019

Background

Legalization of Cannabis across many U.S. states and in Canada had led to an urgent need for validated analytical methods for the quantitation of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. flowers and finished products. The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods Cannabis Expert Review Panel (ERP) approved an HPLC-diode-array detection (DAD) method for First Action Official MethodsSM status.

Objective

To present Official Methods of AnalysisSM (OMA) 2018.10 method details, validation results, and additional method extension data as approved by the ERP and further requirements for Final Action Official MethodsSM status.

Methods

This previously published method used 80% aqueous methanol via sonication for extracting eight cannabinoids—tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene—in dried flowers followed by reversed-phase chromatographic separation and UV detection.

Results

The original method underwent extensive method optimization and a single-laboratory validation. Additional requirements requested by the Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) included a method extension, which was performed to collect repeatability data on two additional cannabinoids: cannabidivarinic acid and cannabigerolic acid. The methods performance was compared with the AOAC SMPR 2017.002 and 2017.001. RSDr ranged from 0.78 to 10.08% and recoveries from 90.7 to 99.2% in several different chemotypes.

Conclusions

The ERP adopted the method and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action status.

Highlights

After submission of additional validation data, an HPLC-DAD method for quantitation of cannabinoids in dried flowers and oils was accepted for First Action Official Method status (OMA 2018.10).
Chromatographic Profiling of Rose Petals in Unani Formulations (Gulkand, Arq-e-Gulab, and Rose Sharbat) Using HPTLC and GC–MS
Authors: Parveen Rabea , Zahiruddin Sultan , Charegaonkar Akshay , Khale Abhijeet , Mallick Saikat
Published: September 2019

Background: One of the most precious systems of traditional medicine is the Unani system of medicine. A wide variety of formulations indigenous to the Unani medicine have been preserved over the years. These formulations are potent and effective even after ages of postformulation. Rose petals are an example of such an herb, which is extensively and popularly used in Unani formulations for edible and cosmetic purposes. Rose petals are rich in terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical profiling of different rose varieties and their marketed formulations. Method: HPTLC method was developed for detecting overall profile and assessing variations among the rose varieties available in market along with the popular formulations of rose such as gulkand (Brand A and Brand B), Arq-e-gulab or Gulab Jal (Brand C), and sharbat (Brand D). GC–MS analysis was also carried out for fingerprinting of rose varieties and formulations. Results: HPTLC and GC–MS fingerprinting showed some common peaks in rose samples as well as in the formulation samples. The methods also gave different peaks for the adulterant that might be used in place of rose. Conclusions: Both the methods could be used for standardization of herbal products containing rose as one of the ingredients and also used to check for the adulteration. Highlights: The current advanced chromatographic analysis is a valuable tool to determine the quality of the formulation.
The Internal Unity of Natural Kinds
Authors: Dumsday Travis ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2019

It is often assumed that the essence of a natural kind is complex, being such as to include (or to wholly consist of) multiple fundamental properties. For instance, perhaps the essence of the kind “electron” includes both negative charge and a precise rest mass, where neither of these is derivable from the other, nor derivable from some other foundational property. This assumption raises the ‘unity problem’: how to explain what unifies or holds together these properties. One important answer is developed by David Oderberg. His model draws on insights from both analytic metaphysics and the Scholastic tradition. I provide a summary of his solution to the unity problem and point to a potential worry it faces. I conclude by adverting to an alternative solution that would still fit within Oderberg’s overall system.
The Analogy of Being in the Scotist Tradition
Authors: Smith Garrett R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2019

It is widely believed today that John Duns Scotus’s doctrine of the univocity of being ushered in various deleterious philosophical and theological consequences that resulted in the negative features of modernity. Included in this common opinion, but not examined, is the belief that by affirming univocity Scotus thereby also denied the analogy of being (analogia entis). The present essay challenges this belief by recovering Scotus’s true position on analogy, namely that it obtains in the order of the real, and that complex concepts of creatures are analogically related to complex concepts of God. Scotus’s doctrine is then compared to the later Scotist tradition. The common opinion of the Scotist school from the fourteenth century onward followed Scotus’s position on analogy and considerably expanded upon his scattered remarks.
Vision Impairment After Iron Chelating Agent in a Patient Under Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Huang Chi-Feng
Published: September 2019

A 54-year-old female patient had a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under continuous automatic peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy for 6 years. She had underlying hypertension history under oral hypertensives (olmesartan medoxomil). She was admitted to the ward for iron chelating agent therapy due to high ferritin level (5480 ng/ml). Deferoxamine 1 gram was prescribed with intravenous drip for 24 hours for 5 days. On the fifth day, she complained about vision problems, i.e. central halo pattern vision loss. A deferoxamine-related macula edema was diagnosed. After discontinuing the medication, her vision gradually improved. After 3 months of follow up, her vision disorders recovered.Although we reduced the dose of iron chelating agent, vision side effects also occurred in this ESRD patient.This case taught us to perform a careful detection of vision problems before, during, and after deferoxamine therapy in order to prevent irreversible vision disorders.
Development of a High Value Nutritious Baking Flour from Dried Ripe Banana Peels
Authors: Mugo M. W. , Njue L. G.
Published: September 2019

Background: During processing of banana, peels are discarded which are valuable source of potassium, dietary fiber with percentages up to 40-50% protein, 8-11% lipids, and 2.2- 10.9% fatty acids. Therefore a high value nutrition baking flour can be made using dried ripe banana peels and reduce disposal of the banana peel.

Objective: This study was conducted to develop a high value nutritious baking flour from dried banana peels.

Methods: Ripe banana peels were treated with steam blanching at 57 0C for 12 hours to prevent enzymetic discoloration. The peels were then cut into small pieces of 1cm in thickness for easier drying and placed on trays. They were then placed in a preheated dehydrator. The initial temperature set was a 62ºC for 12 hours. The temperature was reduced to 57 0C after 12 hours making it a total of 24 hours for drying banana peels completely. The dried banana peels were crushed into fine flour using sterile mortar and pestle. Banana peel flour obtained was incorporated in whole meal flour formulation at four different levels as 0, 10, 20, and 30 %.. Sensory evaluation was done by assessing the organoleptic properties on over all acceptability using a nine- point Hedonic scale. Proximate analysis in percentage was carried out on the following parameters; moisture content, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, Ash crude fibre, ntioxidant (Vitamin C) and total dietary fibre.

Results: Whole meal cake with 20% banana peel flour was found to be the most accepted formulation. It had good physical characteristics. Proximate composition results of 20 % ripe banana peel flour were as follows: Moisture-17.2±0.05%, Crude protein- 5.5±0.01%, Crude fibre- 19.2±0.01%, Ash 8.8±0.02% and Carbohydrates- 14.6±0.01%., Lipids 1.5±0.01, Vitamin C91.30±0.01  and total dietary fibre 20.14±0.01 for 20% banana peels flour.

Conclusion: Ripe banana peel flour has potentials to be added in to patent baking flour to make healthy food products.
The Extent Contribution of Independent Variables to the Knowledge and Adoption of Mobile Agro-advisory Services by the Farmers in Udupi District of Karnataka State of India
Authors: . Navinkumar , Dhananjaya B. , Ranjith T. H.
Published: September 2019

The study was conducted during 2016-17 in Udupi district of Karnataka state of India. The farmers who are registered for mobile agro-advisory services for receiving all agricultural information through SMS were considered as a target group for the study. There were 4000 registered Agro-met Advisory users and 1400 registered users in KVK. Among those registered farmers 40 farmers from each existing three taluks viz. Udupi, Karkala & Kundapur were selected as respondents for the study. Thus the sample size of the study comprises of 120 respondents. The contribution of selected independent variable with the knowledge and adoption were analysed. It could be observed from the results that, ‘F' value (6.412) obtained was significant at one per cent level of significance indicating that all the independent variables put together contributed significantly to the variation in the extent of the knowledge level of the farmers. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.5316, which revealed that the variation in the extent of knowledge about mobile messages by the farmers was together explained by all the independent variables selected for the study. It could be observed from the results that, ‘F' value (5.160) obtained was significant at one per cent level of significance indicating that, all the independent variables put together contributed significantly to the variation in the extent of adoption of mobile agro-advisory services by the farmers. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.408, which revealed that the variation in the extent of adoption of mobile agro-advisory services by the farmers was together explained by all the independent variables selected for the study. Hence, the present study helps the Krishi Vignan Kendras (KVKs) and Government for further improvement in providing mobile agro-advisory services to the farming community.
Phytochemical Study and Biological Activities of Two Medicinal Plants used in Burkina Faso: Lannea velutina A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)
Authors: Pare Dramane , N’do Jotham Yhi-pênê , Guenne Samson , Nikiema Mahamadi , Hilou Adama
Published: September 2019

Background: Bacterial infections are at the origin of a number of serious pathologies, including meningitis, bronchopneumopathies, typhoid fever and especially diarrhea, which are still a real public health problem for the child population in developing countries. In most of these countries, people use medicinal plants for primary health care. The objective of this study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso, Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA).

Methods: The total phenolics and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract extracts were determined by spectrometric assay. The DPPH and FRAP method were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The antibacterial potential was determined on five bacterial strains.

Results: The ethanolic extracts of Lannea velutina showed the best polyphenol content with 969.67±8.23 ​​mgGAE/g extract against 753.145917±66.31 mgGAE/g extract for Ximenia americana. On the DPPH radical Ximenia americana gave the best activity with a percentage inhibition of 62.32±0.17% compared to Lannea velutina. This species also gave the best reducing activity with a reducing capacity of 3.45±0.97 mmol EAA/10 g of extract. Shigella dysenteria and Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Lannea velutina and Ximenia americana with inhibition diameters greater than 8 mm.

Conclusion: These results showed that the extract has good antioxidant potential as well as antimicrobial activity. These extracts could be used to prevent damage from oxidative stress and infections.
Evaluation of Soil Fertility Status for Maize (Zea mays) Production in Moshi Rural, Kilimanjaro Region Tanzania
Authors: Masunga S. L. , Swilla L. M. , Tendwa S. M.
Published: September 2019

This study was carried out to assess the soil fertility status for maize (Zea mays) production in soils of sixteen villages of Moshi Rural, Kilimanjaro region in February 2019. Sixteen field soil samples were collected through random sampling approach. A total of sixteen soil parameters including soil reaction (pH), Organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S) Exchangeable bases (Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and  potassium (K), Extractable micronutrients (Manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and Boron (B) was tested in the soil laboratory in Agricultural Research Institute Mlingano Tanzania.

The soil analysis results indicated that, the studied soils were strongly acidic (5.0-5.9) indicating the need for liming to raise up the soil pH. The concentration of total nitrogen in Moshi Rural maize growing farms was very low to low (0.01 to 0.1%). The concentration of phosphorus ranges from 1-3 mg/l with an average of 2.742 suggesting that all studied areas should be considered for P supplementation. Exchangeable Na in the studied soils varies from 0.01 to 0.1 cmol (+) kg-1 with the average of 0.0154. This value suggests that exchangeable Na in the studied soils is very low with the implication that the studied soils are not salt affected. Micronutrients were seen as not a problem in the studied soils.

The studied soils generally are poor in soil fertility. Total nitrogen levels are very low, phosphorus is very low to medium and exchangeable bases and extractable micronutrients and equally very low to medium. Application of farm yard manure available in the locality, in combination with Diammonium phosphate or NPK is recommended at the average rate of 50 Kg per acre during planting and CAN, MOP and NPK during top-dress.
Impact of Micronutrients and Sea Weed Sap on Nutrient Availability and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) CV. Dashehari in Mollisols of Uttarakhand
Authors: Pawar Ravina , Singh A. K. , Raverkar K. P. , Kumawat Chiranjeev , Lakra Johnson
Published: September 2019

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of micronutrients and sea weed sap on nutrient availability and leaf nutrient concentrations of mango cv. Dashehari in the year 2014-2015. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments consisting of various concentrations and combinations of micronutrients, sea weed sap along with recommended dose of fertilizers in sub-tropical region of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The highest available soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (195.51, 74.30 & 218.79 kg ha-1), B, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (1.41, 0.85, 16.78, 3.21 and 25.50 ppm) after harvest were observed with the application of RDF + IIHR Mango Special @ 5 g/l (2 sprays at two months before flowering and marble stage). RDF + IIHR Mango Special also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (1.88, 0.99, 0.83 %); B, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (18.17, 69.29, 199.49, 48.89 and 84.40 ppm) in leaves of mango cv. Dashehari. Foliar application of sea weed sap @ 10% (2 sprays at panicle emergence and marble stage) + RDF + ZnSO4 @ 200 g + CuSO4 @ 100 g + Boric acid @ 100 g (soil application) per plant in basin after harvest, also resulted in enhanced status of nutrients in plants and soil over various treatments followed to RDF + IIHR Mango Special @ 5 g/l foliar application.
Saline Waters Treatment Using Activated Carbon Filled Filter
Authors: Lima S. S. A. , Filho H. J. B. Lima , Paiva S. C. de , Messias A. S.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we describe an experimental activity involving the water treatment steps using the activated carbon made from coconut fibre and grape pomace packaged in a filter constructed with low-cost material to adsorb chemical elements present in the underground saline water before desalination. The activated carbon (CA) was prepared with grape pomace (P) and coconut fiber (C) mixtures, with coconut/pomace doses of 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100 (the first stage of the experiment). The 50C/50P mixture was statistically considered the most suitable for the production of CA, being chemically activated with ZnCl2, underflow of 100 mL/min, at 550ºC for 60 minutes. To evaluate the efficiency of the filter with the carbon produced, different contact times were used. Tests were performed every 5 minutes totalling 60 minutes. After the pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl determinations in each collection and the corresponding statistical analysis, it was noticed that in the initial five minutes there was already positive response to adsorption of the determined elements.
Changing Social Status of Dalits in Doaba Region of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet
Published: September 2019

Since Independence, India has made impressive progress in terms of growth, education, caste system and untouchability etc. Caste and untouchability have been much studied subjects of Indian social setting. Dalits comprised a group of people traditionally regarded as untouchables. The position of Dalits in the state of Punjab is quite different from that of Dalits in other parts of India. One of the distinguishing features of Dalits in Punjab is their numerical strength (31.9%). Other distinguishing features are their high literacy rate, emigration and active political participation. The study had a specific objective to access change in the social status of Dalits. The study was conducted in Doaba region of Punjab. Two blocks from each of the four districts of Doaba region were selected randomly. Two villages from each block were further selected and then 10 Dalit respondents from each village were interviewed personally with the help of an interview schedule. Thus total sample size was comprised of 160 respondents. The study found the increase in the education level of respondents. They were deviating from traditional occupation of agricultural labour to government jobs and to other ventures. A small percentage had moved to the upper caste locality in the village. Emigration and political participation were emerged as important factors in better social status. They were no more dependent on upper caste for cash or kind. Overall development of the society has affected the conditions of Dalits, the  affirmative action programmes of the government have contributed to the improvement of their conditions.
The Fatty Acid Profile of Oils from Garcinia kola, Tetracarpodium conopodium and Tectona grandis
Authors: Oyekanmi A. M. , Adejoro A. , Adeleke B. B.
Published: September 2019

The fatty acids in the oil of Garcinia kola, Tetracarpodium conopodium and Tectona grandis were determined using a Perkin Elmer Auto sampler XL gas chromatograph with FID detector and split injector operating at 220ºC. The result showed that Garcina kola contained saturated fatty acid (15.78%) monounsaturated fatty acid (33.29%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (50.92%). Tetracarpodium conopodium contained saturated fatty acid (5.72%) monounsaturated fatty acid (77.31%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (16.96%) tectona grandis contained saturated fatty acid (59.93%), monounsaturated fatty acid (24.08%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid 15.99%. The major fatty acid in Garcinia kola is oleic acid, while the major fatty acid in Tetracarpodium conopodum is paullinic acid and the major fatty acid in Tectona gradis is palmitic acid. In conclusion, the result of the fatty acid profile showed that Tetracarpodium conopodium and Garcinia kola contained high percentage of essential fatty acids while Tectona grandis also contained some essential fatty acids. Therefore the seeds oils may be useful in the food, beverages, fine chemical, oil and pharmaceutical industries.
Projected Impact of Sea Level Rise on Nigeria’s Coastal City of Calabar in Cross River State
Authors: Efiong Joel , Ushie John O.
Published: September 2019

This study projects the impact of sea level rise on Nigeria’s coastal city of Calabar in Cross River State. Data for the study were obtained from both secondary and primary sources through the use of the internet and questionnaire administration respectively. The data were analysed using the geographical information systems (GIS), frequency tables and percentages. The results revealed that at 0.3 m rise in sea level, about 4.56% of the total land area will be covered with flood water. This would affect 159 houses, with approximately 1,431 persons. Further, at 3.0 m rise in sea level, about 10.10% of the area will be flooded, affecting 2012 houses with an estimated population of 18,108 persons. Again, the resilience of the residents to the vagaries of flooding by sea level rise is generally low due to very low income and lack of awareness. The study concluded that Calabar City is vulnerable to the impact of sea level rise which is primarily caused by climate change. Therefore, awareness campaign on the impact of flooding by sea level rise on coastal communities should be carried out by the appropriate agencies of government in the State.
Chemical Properties of Soil Influence by Sewage Water Irrigation of Different District of Haryana
Authors: . Sushil , Garhwal R. S. , Alam Md. Sarware , Rathi Deepika , . Dinesh
Published: September 2019

The present study deals with the difference of chemical properties between sewage and tube well water irrigated soils. Samples were collected from sewage and tube well water irrigated soil of various site like Kaithal, Narwana and Jind district of Haryana state where these waters are directly used for irrigating the crops. Soil samples (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were also collected from fields irrigated with these waters and from nearby fields irrigated with non-sewage waters to determine the changes in soil chemical properties due to sewage irrigation. Total Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Co, and Cr along with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were estimated form the samples. The mean value of N (200.50 kg ha-1) was found highest in the soils irrigated with sewage water of Kaithal. The mean value of P (35.85 kg ha-1) and K (236.40 kg ha-1) was found highest in the soils irrigated with sewage water of Jind. The mean value of K (236.40 kg ha-1) was found highest in the soils irrigated with sewage water of Jind. The mean value of Zn (4.43 mg kg-1), Cu (3.33 mg kg-1) and Fe (19.43 mg kg-1) was found highest in the soils irrigated with sewage water of Jind. The mean value of Mn (15.13 mg kg-1) was found highest in the soils irrigated with sewage water of Kaithal. The DTPA extractable heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Co were found higher in the soils irrigated with sewage water as compared to soils irrigated with non-sewage water. The value of Cr content was found nil all the soils samples collected from different cities from sewage and non-sewage water irrigated sites.
Assessing Functions of Pedotransference to Determine Microporosity for a Soil (Typic Hapludox) under Two Conditions of Use in the Orinoco Region Colombia
Authors: Alvarez Edwin Esteban Reyes , Parra-González Sergio David , Rodriguez-Valenzuela Jeisson
Published: September 2019

Microporosity is a property that influences not only on fluid dynamics but also on the flow of chemical substances and plant growth. Likewise, it is known that microporosity is difficult to be determined due to the broad variety of methods that implies using of equipment and assemblage, that in certain cases might be onerous. On the other hand, functions of pedotransference is a fundamental tool to estimate indirectly and affordable the soil properties which have been complex and expensive to be measured, in function to others which are less complex and have a lower cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was obtaining functions of pedotransference (FP) of continuous type, using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to assess microporosity of a typic hapludox soil. This research was carried out in Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia using a data set of 12 physical and chemical properties of two locations submitted to different uses (a plot with agroforestry system and a plot with previous biennial crops under conventional management). Both plots in the study area were sampled in a matrix of 17 X 17 m resulting in 24 samples per area. ANOVA and the SNK tests indicated that the use and the soil management modify significantly properties such as moist retention capacity, clay content, phosphorous content and pH. Through the MLR method was obtained FP to stimulate microporosity with R² of 0,49 and 0,41 using field capacity and the electrical connectivity saturated as regressors variables. In addition, other functions that determine field capacity and microporosity in function of clay showed significance and the high power of prediction R² de 0,65. In conclusion, hydraulic parameters from assessed soils can be determined by functions of pedotransference with the MLR method, which proves the great potential of this tool as support for decision making in the field of soil sciences.
Questionnaire Survey on Ectoparasites Challenges and Impact of Ectoparasites Control Campaign Conducted in Welkait, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Leul , Afera Berihun , Kebede Etsay , Bitsue Habtom Kiros
Published: September 2019

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016 in Welkait district Western part of Tigray Region. A total of 120 small ruminant owners were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The survey was focus on husbandry system, awareness status of animal owners on ectoparasites and their effect, treatment approaches and an assessment on the implementation and impact of ectoparasites control intervention practiced in the study district. The current assessment showed that the production system practiced in the study area is mixed production with (31.67%) owners managed their sheep and goats independently in their own house whereas (62.5%) had been kept their sheep and goats together with other domestic animal including dog and cat. With regard to the knowledge of ectoparasites species, (100%) of the respondents clearly indicate that they knew one or more ectoparasites that affect sheep and goats. During the survey, the veterinary service delivery and the free charge governmental ectoparasites control campaign conducted was assessed. According to the response of (89.61%) respondents reported that modern veterinary service delivery had in their nearby but; the rest did not have any service. Out of 120 interviewed, (98.33%) respondents knew the free charge governmental ectoparates control program conducted from 2012 to 2015. From the total 120 intertwined individual, (94.17%) small ruminant owners sprayed/dipped their sheep and goats one or more times at different interval using acaricides (diazinone 60%). From (94.17%) respondents which had sprayed/dipped their sheep and goats, (88.49%) were used knapsack spraying option whereas (4.42%) disinfected by dipping. During the survey the interval of treatment applied was assessed. According the response (70.00%) interviewed individuals, they were treated their sheep and goats at two week interval whereas (25.00%) and (5.00%) of the respondent provided and treated their small ruminants at three and four week interval respectively. As indicated by (96.5%) respondents, there was re-infestation of ectoparasites after the control campaign. Based on these findings, designing and implementing proper annual chemical control, develop clear animal movement policy and strict quarantine, creating awareness and better management practice should be implemented.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Infection Control Procedures among Dentists of Karachi
Authors: Arif Zaeem , Butt Saima Akram , Pirvani Madiha , Shaikh Amir Akber , Niaz Ayesha Tariq , Khan Shoaib
Published: September 2019

Aim: Infection control is crucial in any clinical setting. It is vital that all dentists must follow the infection control protocols in their clinics to prevent cross-infection. In a dental clinic, even simple dental procedures including extractions, scaling and root planning, dental crown preparations and root canal treatment, have a high risk of exposure to blood, which may cause transmission blood-borne diseases. Dentist’s compliance with these guidelines and recommendations have been recently studied in different parts of the world.  Hence this study was performed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding infection control measures among private dental practioners in Karachi, Pakistan.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted for a period of four months in   Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: Present cross–sectional study was performed by interviewing 234 dentists via a questionnaire based upon various questions regarding infection control. Sample were collected using convenience sampling, from private dental clinics in Karachi, Pakistan.

Setting: Questionnaire were sent to 400 general dentist in Karachi, out of which 234 replied.

Results: Mostly (69%) dentists who took part in the study were males. Regarding infection control, most of the individuals had a comprehensive understanding of infection control techniques. Isolation was considered to play a vital role in cross-infection prevention by 97.3% of the dentists. 93.2% used autoclave for sterilization and majority had thorough knowledge of the process involved. Regarding preventive measures, 66.7% of the dentists were vaccinated against major infectious agents in our society and 92.2% took protective measures required to prevent cross-infection.

Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding infection control of dentists in private clinic of Karachi, Pakistan are satisfactory.
Effect of Field Treatment with Selected Soil Amendments on Bacterial Wilt Incidences in Tomatoes, Capsicum and Potatoes
Authors: Kago E. K. , Kinyua Z. M. , Maingi J. M. , Okemo P. O.
Published: September 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of field treatment with selected soil amendments on bacterial wilt incidences in Tomatoes, Capsicum and Potatoes. 

Study Design:  The study was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement for two seasons in the field.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the experimental plots at KARLO- NARL, Kabete Nairobi County between July, 2017- September, 2017 and between November, 2017- January, 2018.

Methodology: The three choice crops of interest (potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum) were inoculated with prepared pure bacterial isolates; 18 (2T-Kiambu-Low Land), 71(2A-Nyeri-Low Land), 67 (2A-Nyeri-High Land), 83 (2T-Kirinyaga-Highland) and MX (18/71/67/83). A plot measuring 66 m by 28.5 m was marked, cleared, ploughed, harrowed and demarcated into 150 plots each measuring 2.4 m x 3.75 m. Spacing of the host crops of interest: potato - (Tigoni variety), tomato (Caj variety) and capsicum (Califonia Wonder) was carried out at 75 cm between the rows and 30 cm within the rows. The treatments were ChalimTM, Super-hydro-grow polymer + Metham sodium, Metham sodium, Metham sodium & Orange peel, Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissues, ChalimTM + Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissue + Orange peel, Metham sodium + Super-hydro-grow polymer and Control (no amendments).

Results: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were revealed in the bacterial wilt incidences in tomatoes, capsicum and potatoes between control and all the soil amendments used in season 1 and 2 in the five R. solanacearum isolate from Kenyan highlands and lowlands. The Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer was superior in reducing bacterial wilt incidences in tomatoes, capsicum and potatoes in the field in all the R. solanacearum isolates from Kenyan highlands and lowlands both in season 1 and 2.

Conclusion: The findings showed that organic and inorganic soil amendments could serve as a viable control of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops caused by R. solanacearum in the field. We recommend the use of Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer soil amendment in the control of bacterial wilt incidences in the field on solanaceous crops.
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility patterns of Candida Isolated on CHROMagarTMCandida at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Jane Watsemwa Juliet , Iramiot Jacob Stanley , Kalule John Bosco
Published: September 2019

Background: Pregnant women are susceptible to vaginal candidiasis and maternal vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major risk factor for colonization and/or infection of the infant. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antifungal patterns of albicans and non-albicans Candida among pregnant women attending a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods: Vaginal discharge- cotton swabs were self-collected from pregnant women clinically proven to have vulvovaginal candidiasis at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary referral hospital between January and July 2018. Microscopy and culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol was done on the vaginal discharge-cotton swabs. Confirmatory fungal identification was done using CHROM agarTM Candida. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using the standardized Kirby Bauer method.

Results: Candida were isolated from 50.81% (126/249) of the swabs  and included C. albicans (80.16%, 101/126), C. glabrata (19.05% (24/126) and C. krusei (0.79%, 1/126). Candida albicans showed resistance to amphotericin B (70.63%, 89/126), clotrimazole (11.9%, 15/126), nystatin (3.17%, 4/126), fluconazole (23.02%, 29/126), and itraconazole (17.46%, 22/126). Among the non-albican Candida species, C. glabrata showed resistance to fluconazole (100% ,24/24), amphotericin B (100% ,24/24), clotrimazole (14.29%, 18/24), nystatin (1.59%, 2/24), and itraconazole (18.25%, 23/24). C. krusei showed resistance to fluconazole (100%, 1/1), amphotericin B (100%,1/1), and itraconazole (100%, 1/1).

Conclusion: The candida species commonly associated with VVC in Eastern Uganda are C. albicans C. glabrata and C. krusei. Antifungal resistance was highly prevalent among the candida isolated. The use of CHROMagarTMCandida media for identification of clinically relevant Candida should be adopted instead of conventional methods that are tedious and time consuming such that treatment is based on laboratory evidence.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals chemokine self‐feeding of myeloma cells promotes extramedullary metastasis
Authors: Geng Shuang , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiannian , Zhang Jia‐jia , Wu Fan , Pang Yuhong , Zhong Yuping , Wang Jianbin , Wang Wenming , Lyu Xiaoqing , Huang Yanyi , Jing Hongmei
Published: September 2019

In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the initial extramedullary translocation of myeloma cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood. We found that clonal circulating plasma cells (cPCs) are more frequently detected by flow cytometry in extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) patients and worsen their prognosis. It is technically much easier to collect single cPCs using FACS than it is to perform EMP biopsy. Therefore, combining EMP imaging with cPC detection may be a promising strategy for prognostic stratification. Here, using single‐cell transcriptome analysis, we found that the chemokine CXCL12, a key molecule involved in CXCR4‐dependent cell retention in the bone marrow, is abnormally upregulated in cPCs and might initially enable cPCs to evade bone marrow retention and translocate into the bloodstream.