bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral Analysis Approach for Assessing Accuracy of a Low-Cost Air Quality Sensor Network Data
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Senarathna Dinushani , Gurajala Supraja , Olsen William , Sur Shantanu , Mondal Sumona , Dhaniyala Suresh
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Extensive monitoring of PM2.5 is critical for understanding changes in local air quality due to policy measures. With the emergence of low-cost air quality sensor networks, high spatio-temporal measurements of air quality are now possible. However, the sensitivity, noise, and accuracy of field data from such networks are not fully understood. In this study, we use frequency analysis of a two-year data record of PM2.5 from both the EPA and Purple Air (PA), a low-cost sensor network, to identify the contribution of individual periodic sources to local air quality in Chicago. We find that sources with time periods of 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours have significant but varying relative contributions to the data for both networks. Further analysis reveals that the 8- and 12-hour sources are traffic-related and photochemistry-driven, respectively, and that the contribution of both these sources is significantly lower in the PA data than in the EPA data. We also use a correction model that accounts for the contribution of relative humidity and temperature, and we observe that the PA temporal components can be made to match those of the EPA over the medium- and long-term but not over the short-term. Thus, standard approaches to improve the accuracy of low-cost sensor network data will not result in unbiased measurements. The strong source dependence of low-cost sensor network measurements demands exceptional care in the analysis of ambient data from these networks, particularly when used to evaluate and drive air quality policies.
A new steady-state gas/particle partitioning model of PAHs: Implication for the influence of the particulate proportion in emissions
Authors: Zhu Fu-Jie , Hu Peng-Tuan , Ma Wan-Li
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Gas/particle (G/P) partitioning is an important atmospheric process for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). However, the exact prediction of the G/P partitioning coefficients (KP) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was still a challenge. In this study, a new steady-state G/P partitioning model was established based on the level III multimedia fugacity model, with the introduction of the particulate proportion of PAHs in emission (ϕ0) particularly. Same with the previous steady-state model, three different domains with different G/P partitioning behavior can be divided by the threshold values of log KOA (octanol-air partitioning coefficient). The difference between the new steady-state model and previous G/P partitioning models was quite different in different domains. It was found that the deviation with the KP of PAHs from the equilibrium state was caused by both the gaseous and particulate interferences, in which ϕ0 determined the influence of the two interferences. Different forms of the new steady-state model were observed under different values of ϕ0. The comparison with log KP of PAHs between the prediction result of the new steady-state model and the monitored results from 11 cities in China indicated that the ϕ0 was an important factor for the G/P partitioning of PAHs. In addition, the new steady-state model also showed good performance for the prediction of log KP of PAHs with totally gaseous emission and PBDEs with totally particulate emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ϕ0 should be considered in the study of G/P partitioning of PAHs, which also provided a new insight for other SVOCs.
Aerosol Effective Radiative Forcings in CMIP Models
Authors: Zelinka Mark D. , Smith Christopher J. , Qin Yi , Taylor Karl E.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Uncertainty in the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of climate primarily arises from the unknown contribution of aerosols, which impact radiative fluxes directly and through modifying cloud properties. Climate model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures but perturbed atmospheric aerosol loadings allow for an estimate of how strongly the planet’s radiative energy budget has been perturbed by the increase in aerosols since pre-industrial times. The approximate partial radiative perturbation (APRP) technique further decomposes the contributions to the direct forcing from aerosol scattering and absorption, and to the indirect forcing from aerosol-induced changes in cloud scattering, amount, and absorption, as well as the effects of aerosols on surface albedo. Here we evaluate previously published APRP-derived estimates of aerosol effective radiative forcings from these simulations and find that they are slightly biased as a result of large but compensating errors. These biases are largest for the aerosol direct effect owing to underestimated aerosol absorption. Correcting these biases eliminates the residuals and leads to better agreement with ground-truth estimates derived from double-calls to the radiation code. The APRP method – when properly implemented – remains a highly accurate and efficient technique for diagnosing aerosol ERF in cases where double radiation calls are not available, and in all cases it provides quantification of the individual contributors to the ERF that are highly useful but not otherwise available.
Sources of low-frequency variability in observed Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Bonan David B. , Dörr Jakob , Wills Robert C. J. , Thompson Andrew F. , Årthun Marius
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Antarctic sea ice gradually increased from the late 1970s until 2016, when it experienced an abrupt decline. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for both the gradual increase and abrupt decline of Antarctic sea ice, but how each mechanism manifests spatially and temporally remains poorly understood. Here, we use a statistical method called low-frequency component analysis to analyze the spatial-temporal structure of observed Antarctic sea-ice concentration variability. The identified patterns reveal distinct modes of low-frequency sea ice variability. The leading mode, which accounts for the large-scale, gradual expansion of sea ice, is associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and resembles the observed sea-surface temperature trend pattern that climate models have trouble reproducing. The second mode is associated with the central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode, and accounts for most of the sea ice variability in the Ross Sea. The third mode is associated with the eastern Pacific ENSO and Amundsen Sea Low, and accounts for most of the pan-Antarctic sea-ice variability and almost all of the sea ice variability in the Weddell Sea. This mode is associated with periods of abrupt Antarctic sea-ice decline and is related to a weakening of the circumpolar westerlies, which favors surface warming through a shoaling of the ocean mixed layer and decreased northward Ekman heat convergence. Broadly, these results suggest that climate model biases in long-term Antarctic sea-ice and global sea-surface temperature trends are related to each other and that eastern Pacific ENSO variability causes abrupt sea ice changes.
Low confidence in multi-decadal trends of wind-driven upwelling across the Benguela upwelling system due to internal climate variability
Authors: Bordbar Mohammad Hadi , Mohrholz Volker , Schmidt Martin
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Like other Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, the upwelling near the southwest African coasts is primarily alongshore-wind-driven, whereas it is controlled mainly by the wind stress curl farther offshore. The surface wind regime across the Benguela Upwelling System is strongly related to the South Atlantic Anticyclone that is believed to migrate poleward in response to anthropogenic global warming. Here, we investigate multi-decadal changes of the South Atlantic Anticyclone and their impacts on the cross-shore integral of wind-driven coastal upwelling, the wind stress curl-driven, and total upwelling across the Benguela Upwelling System. Even though the detailed structure of surface wind over the coastal zone matters for both local wind-driven coastal upwelling and wind stress curl-driven upwelling, we show that it is not of major importance for the total amount of upwelled water. We found a robust connection between the Anticyclone intensity and the integrated wind stress curl-driven and total upwelling. However, this connection for the wind-driven coastal upwelling is weak. With more signatures during austral winter, the upwelling in the equatorward portion of the Benguela Upwelling System is significantly affected by the anticyclone intensity. In contrast, the poleward portion is also influenced by the meridional position of the anticyclone. The multi-decadal trend in the sea level pressure across the South Atlantic renders a considerable heterogeneity in space. However, this trend features a small signal-to-noise ratio and can be obscured by internal climate variability. This view is further supported by a multi-decadal trend in the integrated coastal and wind-stress-curl-driven upwelling in several upwelling cells, which hardly depict any significant systematic changes.
Dynamically coupling system dynamics and SWAT+ models using Tinamït: application of modular tools for coupled human–water system models
Authors: Harms Joel Z. , Malard-Adam Julien J. , Adamowski Jan F. , Sharma Ashutosh , Nkwasa Albert
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Participatory water resource management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, system dynamics (SDs) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for participatory water resource modeling. Physically based models (e.g., SWAT+) have seen sustained use to model the hydrological components of water systems. Proposed as a way to combine the relative strengths of both modeling paradigms, model coupling allows researchers to, for example, build participatory SD models with stakeholders, while delegating the hydrological components of the overall model to an external hydrological model. Recently developed to facilitate model coupling, the Tinamït Python package presents an extensible, outward-facing application programming interface (API). It allows for the development of
extensions (wrappers) that expand compatibility with different physically based models. However, no watershed hydrological model has yet been connected to this API. In the present study, a socket and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based communication protocol was developed with the goal of facilitating the coupling of models written in languages such as Fortran. This novel protocol served to develop a Tinamït-compatible wrapper for the hydrological model SWAT+, allowing it to be coupled to human–water SD models. The novel coupling protocol was then applied to a case study of Tanzania's Usa river catchment. This approach provides the modeler with the benefits of both physically based and SD models, thereby allowing the detection of potentially far-reaching effects of policy-makers' decisions.
Cutibacterium acnes in spine tissue: characteristics and outcomes of non-hardware-associated vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Passerini Matteo , Maamari Julian , Geno Tai Don Bambino , Patel Robin , Tande Aaron J. , Temesgen Zelalem , Berbari Elie F.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Cutibacterium acnes isolation from spine tissue can be challenging because the organism can
represent a contaminant. There is a paucity of data regarding the role of
C. acnes in non-hardware-associated vertebral osteomyelitis (VO). Herein we
evaluate the clinical and microbiological characteristics, treatment, and
outcome of patients with C. acnes VO. Data were retrospectively collected from
adults with a positive spine culture for C. acnes at Mayo Clinic, Rochester (MN),
from 2011 to 2021. Patients with spinal hardware and polymicrobial
infections were excluded. Of the subjects, 16 showed radiological and
clinical findings of VO: 87.5 % were male, the average age was 58 years
(±15 SD), and back pain was the predominant symptom. Of the lesions, 89.5 % involved the thoracic spine. Of the subjects, 69 % had experienced an antecedent
event at the site of VO. In five subjects, C. acnes was isolated after 7 d of anaerobic culture incubation. Thirteen subjects were treated with parenteral
β-lactams, and three with oral antimicrobials, without any evidence
of recurrence. Twenty-one subjects were not treated for VO, as C. acnes was
considered a contaminant; at follow-up, none had evidence of progressive
disease. C. acnes should be part of microbiological differential diagnosis in
patients with suspected VO, especially in the context of a prior spinal
procedure. Anaerobic spine cultures should undergo prolonged incubation to
enable recovery of C. acnes. C. acnes VO may be managed with oral or parenteral
antimicrobial therapy. Without clinical and radiological evidence of VO, a
single positive culture of C. acnes from spine tissue frequently represents
contaminants.
PRDH and IMPQ 1800–1849 Quebec Historical Family Reconstitution. Content, Design and Biographical Completeness
Authors: Dillon Lisa , Amorevieta-Gentil Marilyn , Gagnon Alain , Desjardins Bertrand
Published: April 2023

Since 1966, the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) has worked to create comprehensive genealogical data of the Quebec population. The PRDH longitudinal database, the Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA), draws upon the French Catholic parish registers of the St. Lawrence Valley as its main source material. This family reconstitution covers the French Catholic population of Quebec up to 1799, along with deaths after 1800 of persons born before 1750. Subsequent partnerships with l’Institut Généalogique Drouin, FamilySearch and Ancestry as well as collaboration on the 2011–2017 Infrastructure intégrée des microdonnées historiques de la population du Québec (1621–1965) (IMPQ) project enabled the PRDH to continue efforts to reconstitute the French Catholic population up to 1849. Despite these advances, pushing family reconstitution forward to the mid-19th century has forced the PRDH team to reckon with the increasingly mixed and geographically mobile Quebec population of the 19th and early 20th centuries. This article describes the content and design of the RPQA database, detailing the structure of the RPQA relational database and the breadth of variables available for data management and analysis. It then describes features of the IMPQ extension of family reconstitution from 1800 to 1849, including observational protocols necessary to use these data and consideration of data completeness after 1800. At the same time, the article addresses the fundamental question, "what is my population?" as part of a broader reflection upon the target population encompassed by these data.
La crítica filosófica del presente en textos de Arturo Andrés Roig posteriores al exilio
Authors: Arpini Adriana
Published: April 2023

Reflexionamos acerca del ejercicio de la crítica filosófica llevada adelante por Arturo Andrés Roig, a través del análisis de escritos suyos producidos con posterioridad a 1984, a su regreso del exilio. Focalizamos la atención sobre dos textos en los que el ejercicio crítico se articula entre el análisis del presente y la Historia de las ideas, considerando a esta disciplina también como una forma de crítica filosófica de lo que acontece, en la medida que permite incorporar en la mirada sobre el presente esquemas categoriales legados por la propia tradición de pensamiento. Trabajamos en especial –aunque no exclusivamente– a partir de “Consideraciones para «una filosofía popular de la democracia»” (2002) y “Neoliberalismo y nuestra filosofía” (2011)
Virtual Reality in Vocational Education and Training: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Ravichandran R. Ravichandran , Mahapatra Jayashree
Published: April 2023

This article explores the challenges and possibilities in use of virtual reality (VR) as a pedagogical tool in vocational education at school level. VR has the potential to transform vocational education by providing immersive, interactive, and realistic simulations of real-world work environments to the students. The article discusses the advantages of using VR in vocational education, including increased engagement, motivation, and knowledge retention of the students. It also provides the case studies on successful integration of VR in vocational education and training. It also examines the challenges of implementing VR in vocational education, such as the cost of equipment and software, and the need for specialized technical support. The article concludes with a discussion of future directions for research on the use of VR in vocational education and the potential impact on the future of work.
Интеграция права и морали в системе обеспечения прав и свобод личности
Authors: Иванова Ольга Святославовна , Чалых Ирина Сергеевна
Published: April 2023

На основе системного подхода и формально-юридического анализа обоснована авторская позиция о соотношении права и морали в аспекте обеспечения субъективных прав и свобод, баланса интересов личности, общества, государства, где в качестве оптимальной определена интегративная модель. Рассмотрена практика правотворчества и правоприменения с использованием морально-нравственных норм и категорий в России и ряде зарубежных стран. Сформулирован вывод об угрозе возникновения правозащитных рисков при отсутствии рациональных ограничений такого использования, как и в случае игнорирования морально-нравственного контекста. Обоснована прямая взаимосвязь правовых и морально-этических проблем (конфликтов), что требует системного подхода к их разрешению. Приведена доктринальная оценка правовых средств противодействия морально-этическим конфликтам в контексте обеспечения прав и свобод личности, достижения социального компромисса. Определено, что именно право призвано сформировать рациональные гарантии учета моральной составляющей при регламентации общественных отношений. С опорой на зарубежный опыт предложены инструменты достижения указанной цели с акцентом на конкретизации и законодательном закреплении правовых принципов, приоритетов, ценностей и морально-этических критериев принятия правовых решений.
Blood Cell Microscopic Image Classification in Computer Aided Diagnosis Using Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: AL-DULAIMI KHAMAEL , Makki Teba
Published: April 2023

Blood cell detection considers a gold standard key in diagnosing blood disease and producing automatic reports to hematologists and doctors. Blood cell detection is a challenging task due to non-illumination level, high number of overlapped cells per image, variations in cell densities among platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells, and the variety of staining process. Traditional procedure of blood cell detection requires pathologist effort and time. In computer aided diagnosis, machine learning and deep learning techniques become the practical way to automate the procedure of diagnosing, classify microscopic blood cells, and increase the accuracy and speed of the procedure. This paper provides a review of the detection and classification of blood cell, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets and their characteristics using machine learning techniques. We also have detailed the dataset of microscope blood cell. We have divided the previous works into four categories based on the output of the models, including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Then, we discuss the challenges that face these methods and suggest the potential future techniques.
Heart disease classification using optimized Machine learning algorithms
Authors: Abood Kadhim Mohammad , Radhi Abdulkareem Merhej
Published: April 2023

Early detection of heart disease is exceptionally critical to saving the lives of human beings. Heart attack is one of the primary causes of high death rates throughout the world, due to the lack of human and logistical resources in addition to the high costs of diagnosing heart diseases which plays a key role in the healthcare sector, this model is suggested. In the field of cardiology, patient data plays an essential role in the healthcare system. This paper presents a proposed model that aims to identify the optimal machine learning algorithm that can predict heart attacks with high accuracy in the early stages. The concepts of machine learning are used for training and testing the model based on the patient's data for effective decision-making. The proposed model consists of three stages, the first stage is patient data collection and processing, and the second stage is data training and testing using machine learning algorithms Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree) that show The best classification (94.958 percent) with the Random Forest algorithm and the third stage is optimized the classification results using one of the hyperparameters optimization techniques random search that shows The best accuracy was (95.4 percent) obtained also with RF
A Novel Biased Probability Neural Network (BPNN) and Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) based Hearing Loss Prediction System
Authors: N Selvaganesh , D Shanthi , Pandian N Rajesh
Published: April 2023

: Hearing loss or hearing impairment is one of the most leading cause highly affecting the people around the world in present days. Also, the youngsters and adults are mostly affecting by this disease, which affects their normal/social life, carrier, education, and etc. Hence, it should be properly identified and diagnosed for providing an earlier treatments to save the people live. For this purpose, the different types of automated hearing loss prediction/detection systems are developed in the conventional works. The existing works are mainly focused on deploying the machine learning/deep learning based prediction approaches for disease identification. However, it lacks with the flaws of difficult computational steps, more training & testing time, increased mis-prediction results, and error outputs. Therefore, the proposed work objects to develop a Human Age - Hearing Impairment & Level (HAHIL) prediction system by using the machine learning methodologies. Here, three distinct prediction models are deployed for age prediction, hearing loss detection, and its severity level prediction. The Biased Probability Neural Network (BPNN) technique is utilized to predict the age based on simulated human acoustical signals. Then, the Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) mechanism is deployed for predicting the hearing impairment by constructing the weight and target matrices. During evaluation, the performance of the proposed HAHIL prediction system is validated and tested by using various evaluation indicators.
Occlusal therapy of secondary TFO teeth: two case reports and literature review
Authors: 邱仲凡 邱仲凡
Published: April 2023

Trauma from occlusion (TFO) is a common clinical sign of periodontitis. The relationship between TFO and periodontitis has been discussed for a century and it is still a controversial issue that TFO could cause periodontitis or not. In recent studies, more and more scholars believed TFO could not cause periodontitis directly but may accelerate the progression of this disease. Therefore, how to assess and manage about this kind of cases is important and remains challenge to clinicians. Due to limited of case series about TFO management, this article is aim to the cases with secondary TFO with management by non-surgical treatment and review literature about current management.

 
Alveolar Ridge Splitting with Simultaneous Implant Placement in Narrow Atrophic Ridges: A Case Series
Authors: 藍啟綸 藍啟綸
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Implant placement in atrophic ridges with severe horizontal bone deficiency without adequate bony housing around the defects remains a significant clinical challenge. The aim of this case series is to evaluate the effectiveness of alveolar ridge splitting (ARS) with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: Four patients with severe horizontal bone deficiency in atrophic ridges received ARS with simultaneous implant placement. The stability of the widened ridges was evaluated by superimposition of initial and postoperative CBCT images. The ridge thickness at baseline (RT0) and at least 6-month postoperation (RT1), as well as horizontal bone gain (HBG), were measured with the reference of implant platform. Results: All 7 implant sites healed uneventfully without complications. The mean RT0 was 3.84 ± 0.56 mm at baseline; the mean RT1 was 7.61 ± 0.96 mm at least 6-month postoperatively, with the mean HBG of 3.77 ± 0.80 mm. The results demonstrated significant HBG and sufficient bone thickness around implants after ARS with simultaneous implant placement in all cases. Conclusion: The ARS technique with simultaneous implant placement is an effective and predictable treatment modality to augment ridge width significantly for narrow atrophic ridges without adequate bony housing.

 
“I Remembered the Saying” (Tobit 2:6): Recognizing Emotions in Scripture with Tobit and Eve
Authors: Heath Jane
Published: April 2023

This experimental article is methodologically Christian, in the sense that it is structured as a Christian mimesis of how a scriptural saint cited Scripture. However, the choice of subject matter commits it to engaging with the post-Enlightenment secular context, and principles of exegetical, historical, and theological analysis anchor it within wider scholarly debates. Concretely, the article takes the scriptural portrayal of Tobit’s recognition of his own emotion in Scripture as a paradigm or type for one way of encountering Scripture today. The first part examines a vignette of Tobit remembering a scriptural text about grief at a moment when he experiences intense grief. The second, longer part explores the transition to the post-Enlightenment context by performing and interrogating an act of recognizing in Scripture an emotion that has only been theorized since the eighteenth century, namely “disgust,” which is “recognized” in the scriptural narrative of Eve’s temptation in Gen 3. The purpose of the mimetic reception and the scholarly interrogation of it is not to replicate or critique Tobit’s example, but to allow it to be inhabited in a way that can remain meaningful from a Christian perspective without closing our eyes to the real challenges of modernity and, lest it be forgotten, of being human. This is offered simply as one exhibit in a potentially capacious gallery of attempts to learn from the Scriptures and the saints how to inhabit Scripture in the modern world.
Figuring One’s Calling: A Lukan Passion Theology of Vocation in Dialogue with Karl Barth
Authors: Erickson Amy J.
Published: April 2023

This article contends that a figural reading of Luke’s passion narrative, influenced by Barth’s account of vocation, offers a heuristic for discerning contemporary callings. The first part of this study examines Barth’s theology of vocation. For Barth, one’s vocation is a dialectic of the concrete circumstances of the disciple and the dynamic, event-like nature of the call itself. Together, a disciple’s vocation is primarily a form of witness to the Christ who calls. The article then deploys Barth’s account of vocation to inform a figural reading of Luke’s passion narrative. This reading generates a renewed perception of prevailing vocational forms in the present.
Enderun School: Identification and Education of Gifted and Talented Children
Authors: Dereli Fatih
Published: April 2023

Enderun School was a palace educational institution designed for the training of administrative and military staff in the Ottomans. The Enderun School had an important role in the success of the Ottoman Empire. Enderun, a school where especially civil and military administrators were trained, was established to create the necessary manpower resource for the Ottoman central and provincial bureaucracy. Enderun formed the basic education unit where students were taught and raised through the official Ottoman ideology or mentality. In addition, it had an important role in the determination of administrative and political goals and the functioning of the main institutions of the state. Enderun School was an educational institution that served the Ottoman Empire for centuries. The basis of Enderun's success was the process and quality of the education given to the students admitted here, as well as selecting the talents that were needed and with the necessary virtues from a wide candidate base at various levels and stages. When Ottoman educational institutions are examined in terms of educational function, Enderun School is seen as the most critical educational institution for the state tradition as Enderun Schools was mainly constructed for the training of Ottoman senior managers. Enderun School was the most organized and the most developed among the palace schools of the Ottoman period. It had many organizations and regulations of its own. The administrators of this school were people who were directly related to the Sultan. Enderun School had an important role in the history of the education of gifted children, as it selected and educated children with gifted intelligence and qualifications. It is believed that understanding and familiarizing oneself with the educational practices applied in the past can have a positive impact on the education of gifted children today. With this study, the Enderun School will be examined in detail, based on the work -Târih-i Atâ- of Tayyarzade Ata, who was one of the most important sources of the Ottoman period and was also a student of the Enderun School.
Is land abandonment remarkable in the so-called Empty Spain?
Authors: Pulido Fernández Manuel , Stavi Ilan , Barrena González Jesús
Published: April 2023

Desde el inicio del siglo XXI, la población rural de muchos municipios de España ha disminuido considerablemente. Este fenómeno demográfico, conocido como la España vaciada, se considera ampliamente como un motor de abandono de tierras. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar espacialmente este fenómeno, comparando los datos actuales sobre variables como la población total, el uso/cubierta del suelo, el número de animales de ganadería y el número de incendios forestales con los datos obtenidos hace dos décadas, para comprobar si el abandono de tierras (el cese de las actividades agrícolas en un determinado terreno) es notable (fácilmente detectable en un mapa a escala nacional) en estos territorios. El fenómeno de la España vaciada afecta a 5.084 de los 8.043 municipios nacionales, que abarcan 320.000 km2, es decir, más del 60% del territorio español. En las zonas despobladas, más de 37.000 km2 de tierras agroforestales tradicionales han sufrido una transformación del uso del suelo. De estas tierras, 24.000 km2 se han convertido en pastizales, brezales o bosques, 8.500 km2 se han convertido en tierras agrícolas intensivas (incluyendo viñedos, olivares y otras plantaciones de árboles frutales) y otros 3.000 km2 se han convertido en pastos intensivos (intensificación de la ganadería). En general, los datos muestran que el abandono de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales extensivos y, al mismo tiempo, la expansión de los usos agrícolas intensivos de la tierra son dos procesos coexistentes que han tenido lugar en toda la España vaciada. En términos ecológicos, estas tendencias de cambio de uso del suelo pueden provocar una simplificación del paisaje, con los consiguientes riesgos de degradación del suelo y deterioro medioambiental.
COMPENSAÇÃO DA EMISSÃO DE CARBONO DA SEDE DO INSTITUTO ÁGUA E TERRA
Authors: Rosa Carolina Machado da , Scharnik Mauro , Oliveira Filho Paulo Costa de , Capellesso Elivane Salete , Martins Kelly Geronazzo
Published: April 2023

As mudanças climáticas causadas pela era antropogênica têm gerado alterações no planeta Terra. O principal gás responsável por essas mudanças é o gás carbônico. A restauração ecológica pode minimizar impactos das mudanças climáticas, visto que há acúmulo de carbono nas plantas durante o seu crescimento, com sequestro do carbono atmosférico. O Instituto Água e Terra, órgão ambiental do Paraná, busca o desenvolvimento sustentável nas suas atividades. Assim, a quantificação e neutralização das emissões são compatíveis com a missão e visão da autarquia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a emissão de gás carbônico da sede do IAT e propor a compensação dessa emissão, pela recuperação de áreas degradadas. Para isso, foram obtidas informações quanto aos gastos de energia e água, número de recargas de ar condicionado e de voos, separação de lixo e meios de transporte dos funcionários. Com esses dados, foi calculada a emissão de carbono da sede do IAT no sítio eletrônico . Para a proposta de compensação, foi considerado que uma árvore acumula 2,28kg de CO2 por ano e o plantio total como método de restauração. De posse dessas informações, foi calculada a neutralização da emissão, contabilizando número de árvores e hectares necessários para a compensação. Foi constatada a emissão de 915 t CO2 anualmente. Resultados demonstraram que, para compensar essa emissão, deverão ser plantadas 401.378 árvores. Sugere-se que esse cálculo seja ampliado para os escritórios regionais do Instituto e para a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e do Turismo.
Crisi pandemica e regressione democratica – Italia e Brasile
Authors: Grasso Giorgio
Published: April 2023

Utilizando principalmente os resultados dos relatórios anuais elaborados por alguns dos mais importantes institutos e redes que medem o estado da democracia no mundo, o artigo considera os efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 na Itália e no Brasil, a fim de verificar se as medidas adotadas para o enfrentamento do vírus levaram, na verdade, a um retrocesso democrático nos dois Estados, que, por seu histórico constitucional, expressam uma forma diferente de consolidação de um sistema democrático.
Forças Armadas e crise da democracia no Brasil: um ensaio de sociologia da constituição
Authors: Bachur João Paulo
Published: April 2023

Poucos textos constitucionais têm sido tão discutidos recentemente no Brasil quanto o art. 142 da Constituição Federal de 1988. Este estudo sistematiza a discussão em torno do art. 142, sustentando que o problema escapa aos limites da hermenêutica constitucional, e busca oferecer uma perspectiva complementar, amparada em uma análise que se insere no campo da sociologia da constituição. Se a hermenêutica constitucional está estruturada na operação de adjudicação, a sociologia da constituição recupera o conflito cujo resultado foi a norma da qual parte a adjudicação. Porque não se trata de interpretar o art. 142, mas de disputar seu conteúdo. O presente trabalho está estruturado da seguinte maneira: inicialmente, será apresentada a disputa hermenêutica em torno do art. 142 acerca da possibilidade de que as Forças Armadas arbitrem conflitos entre os Poderes. Na sequência, serão mostrados os limites do direito constitucional nesse ponto – especificamente, os limites da tese da força normativa da constituição. Em seguida, será apresentado o conflito subjacente ao art. 142. Ao final, será discutida a necessária reforma do art. 142, a fim de enfrentar o espectro que assombra a democracia brasileira. As Forças Armadas têm ocupado espaço de destaque no debate público reivindicando uma ascendência sobre os Poderes – o que já é sintoma de uma crise mais profunda. Este estudo busca compreender esse problema, e segue uma metodologia bibliográfica, focada em fontes da sociologia da constituição. Como resultado, espera-se oferecer uma contribuição inovadora e complementar à hermenêutica constitucional.
Nicotine's Potential to Protect Brain Cells: The Influence of Nicotine on Alzheimer's Disease Risk in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Johns Hopkins University: Prominent U.S. Institutions for Medical Research, Washington Thomas E.
Published: April 2023

Nicotine consumption increases brain excitability in a dispersed system of brain areas, such as the frontal cortex, amygdala, cingulate, and frontal lobes, in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation in these areas is compatible with nicotine's ability to arouse and reinforce behaviour in humans. However, the effects of nicotine consumption on brain cells and the way it modifies them to either inhibit AD or facilitate AD is still unknown, therefore, the current scientific article aimed to address this research gap through analysing prior but latest research studies in this domain. Since there was a need to establish and explore more research regarding the positive impacts of Nicotine on patients with AD, a qualitative research design using secondary data was used to conduct the present scientific evidence. Four published papers within the year range 2017 to 2023 were acquired and thematically evaluated. Mixed findings regarding the impact of nicotine on brain cells and probability of getting AD were found however, there has been no clinical trials or enough empirical studies to support this assumption. Therefore, more research will be needed in the prospective to obtain credible and supporting results. Keywords: Nicotine, Brain cells, nicotinic receptors, Alzheimer’s disease.
Student experiences of the 2020 cancellation of England’s General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs)
Authors: McCaldin Tee , Woods Kevin , Brown Kerry , Buck Rob , Fairhall Nicola , Forshaw Emma , Soares David
Published: April 2023

In 2020, school closures in England due to the Coronavirus (‘Covid-19’) pandemic resulted in the cancellation of high-stakes examinations and their replacement with teacher-based assessments. These changes represented a significant change for students who had been preparing to undertake examinations for the ‘end-of-school’ General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). This research reports part of a survey that explored the experiences of these students, with a particular focus on students’ psychological responses. Two hundred and twelve students responded to a questionnaire survey that asked them to reflect on their feelings about the changes to the GCSE assessment. Responses were analysed using both thematic and content analysis and revealed five themes: Issues of control; Issues of fairness; Issues of communication and decision making; A shifted path; and The impact of the changes. We re-emphasise the attested value of forms of ongoing dialogue with students about their assessment experiences and consultation with them about decision making in assessment in order to inform planning to optimise student assessment experience.
Identifying the barriers to alternative approaches for behaviour management in schools
Authors: Oxley Laura
Published: April 2023

Each year, many children are excluded from school in England. Often, exclusion from school is the result of an escalating cycle of challenging behaviour and punitive responses. Despite this, there is still limited use of alternative approaches for behaviour management in schools, with a continued focus on systems of rewards and sanctions. The main aim of this study is to explore senior leaders’ perceptions of the barriers to implementing alternative approaches for behaviour management in schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 senior school leaders and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Key barriers identified included: time and resources; the perceptions of others; and risk aversion. These barriers contribute to the continued use of punitive responses to challenging behaviour in schools. This suggests that there is a need for support to enable schools to overcome these barriers and widen the options available as alternatives to exclusion from school.
Impact Dynamic Analysis of Suspended Marine Cables
Authors:   Ship and Maritime College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China, Zhang Dapeng , Yan Jin ,   Ship and Maritime College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China, Zhu Keqiang ,   Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: April 2023

Objective: It is often impossible to avoid collisions between marine cables, the impact dynamic response of the collisions between marine cable needs to be obtained. Methods: In this paper, we derive the lumped mass method based on the bending moment and torque; using the lumped parameter method, the suspended cable is discretized into lumped mass models, and the impact force of the suspended cable is considered in the dynamic analysis; the impact dynamics model of the suspension cable is developed by referring to the specific parameters of the suspension cable and combining them with offshore construction processes. Results: There is a relationship between the impact force and the tension of the cable. The tension and impact force are related in cable collisions. While the maximum effective tension occurs at the upper end of the vertical cable and at the collision point, the horizontal cable's tension at the collision position is minimal. The distribution of curvature mutates at the collision point, causing bending deformation. The horizontal cable experiences greater bending change at the collision position than the vertical cable. Conclusion: In summary, collision of different parts of vertical cable is not obvious, while horizontal cable is more prone to self-collision and collision with vertical cable. Collision impact on horizontal cable is greater, with minimum tension occurring at collision point. Maximum velocity for horizontal cable appears at collision position, and for vertical cable at bottom. Maximum acceleration for both cables occurs at collision zone.
A continuidade da desconcentração industrial no estado de São Paulo: o exemplo da Região Metropolitana de Campinas — RMC
Authors: Roxo Rafael
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar as tendências gerais da produção industrial no estado de São Paulo, com foco na Região Metropolitana de Campinas – RMC. Nosso objetivo é reconstruir a evolução do setor industrial, a partir dos anos 1980, a fim de indicar algumas das tendências da produção industrial contemporânea. A questão central é analisar quais são as transformações, as permanências e os fatores implicados na dinâmica territorial da atividade industrial com a intensificação da reestruturação urbano-industrial. Os processos de concentração, dispersão e especialização produtiva evidenciam a maior interpenetração entre os capitais, industrial, imobiliário e financeiro e a criação de novas desigualdades socioespaciais.
Questão agrária e acumulação por espoliação na Amazônia
Authors: Michelotti Fernando , Malheiro Bruno
Published: April 2023

Este artigo objetiva ler as linhas de força da produção e circulação do valor na Amazônia, de modo a compreender como esses processos se objetivam em conflitos territoriais que definem sua questão agrária. Reconhecendo a espoliação como o centro da análise da dinâmica de expansão capitalista na região, procura-se interpretar sua materialização em três grandes processos interdependentes de pilhagem, dominação da terra e controle territorial e violência e devastação sistemática, bem como por uma leitura crítica do papel do Estado e suas políticas de planejamento. As continuidades e descontinuidades desses processos revelam a permanência estrutural de um pacto de poder entre os donos da terra, os donos do dinheiro e o Estado, em conflito aberto com todos aqueles que buscam construir outras territorialidades na região. O fortalecimento desse pacto, no período atual, tem aprofundado dilemas para os movimentos sociais, assim como impulsionado a construção de novas gramáticas de luta política.
Terra, violência e conflito na formação territorial brasileira: Tensões territoriais na Ruptura Política (2015-2019)
Authors: Porto-Gonçalves Carlos Walter , Catanzaro da Rocha Leão Pedro
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo analisa a violência no campo ao longo de nossa formação histórico-geográfica, sobretudo no período da Ruptura Política (2015-2019). O objetivo é entender a violência que aumentou significativamente na atual conjuntura. Para isso, lançamos mão de uma periodização da história de larga duração que nos habita, desde o encobrimento/descobrimento das Américas à atualidade, mostrando como a violência se apresenta de modo estrutural na conformação das relações sociais e de poder na sociedade brasileira. Em seguida, passamos a uma análise empiricamente documentada de como esse processo vem se dando desde os anos 1980, com base (1) no modo como as terras são usadas; e (2) na análise dos conflitos no campo através dos dados da CPT. Por fim, discutimos a centralidade e a atualidade da questão (da reforma) agrária no Brasil.
Land grabbing, financeirização da agricultura e mercado de terras: velhas e novas dimensões da questão agrária no Brasil
Authors: Yoshie Martins Kato Karina , Pereira Leite Sergio
Published: April 2023

A virada do século XXI na América Latina esteve associada a um novo consenso em torno das commodities e ao reforço de dinâmicas de expropriação ou despossessão. No Brasil esse período correspondeu à consolidação de uma economia política do agronegócio e à expansão dos projetos extrativos no campo. Essa nova conjuntura renovou e reforçou dinâmicas de concentração fundiária, colocando novos desafios para a questão agrária brasileira. O artigo avança na análise de três dimensões estratégicas: a crescente financeirização da agricultura que impulsiona a expansão do agronegócio; os processos de financeirização e estrangeirização da terra e a conformação de uma nova governança global dos negócios com terra e o acirramento dos conflitos territoriais. As reflexões resultam das discussões e estudos realizados no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos sobre Mudanças Sociais, Agronegócio e Políticas Públicas (GEMAP) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ).
Agenda política da terra no governo Bolsonaro
Authors: Sauer Sérgio , Leite Acacio Zuniga , Tubino Nilton Luís Godoy
Published: April 2023

Alterações no Executivo e avanço do agronegócio exigem esforços analíticos do governo Bolsonaro e compreensão da agenda fundiária. As análises apresentam elementos para a caracterização da agenda política do governo Bolsonaro, estudando medidas executadas em 2019 e 2020 na agenda da terra, especialmente sintetizadas nos cortes e limites impostos ao Incra. Com uma “política de confronto”, o governo procura aplicar uma agenda econômica ultra-neoliberal, que inclui o sucateamento, desmonte e descaracterização do aparelho estatal. Na agenda da terra são realizados esforços ultra-neoliberais de mercantilização dos bens da natureza e apoio incondicional ao agronegócio, por meio da edição de medidas de desregulamentação setorial. A “guerra cultural” também é contra os povos do campo, resultando no aumento de conflitos e descaso total com as mazelas sociais, inclusive as provocadas pela pandemia. O Incra está operacionalmente fragilizado e direcionado para o abandono de competências constitucionais ligadas à função social da terra, caracterizando Bolsonaro como populista de extrema direita e governo antiinstitucional.