bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin All‐Inorganic Halide Solid‐State Electrolyte Membranes for All‐Solid‐State Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Shuhao , Liao Yaqi , Li Shiya , Cui Can , Liang Jianing , Du Gaofeng , Tong Zhaoming , Yuan Lixia , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: December 2023

Reducing the thickness of inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) can improve both the gravimetric/volumetric energy density due to the decreased weight/thickness of the cells. Unfortunately, the thickness of inorganic SSEs by the powder‐pressing method is 500–1000 µm, which brings large internal resistance. In this work, an ultrathin SSE membrane is prepared via a simple solution‐infusion method using a ZrO2 nanowire as the skeleton and Li3InCl6 as the Li‐ion conductor. This membrane can be self‐standing with a minimum thickness of 25 µm, less than 1/20 in thickness of that electrolyte by the powder‐pressing method. Attributed to a high Li3InCl6 loading, the membrane remains a high conductivity. When used as the electrolyte in solid cells, such the membrane can enable a much‐reduced resistance compared to the traditional SSE layer. Due to the fact that the electrolyte membrane does not contain any organic components, it exhibits good thermal stability. Benefiting from the soft nature of the halide SSEs, the membrane, without any modification, can close contact with the composite cathode. The LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/LiIn cell exhibits a high reversible capacity  and the capacity retention is above 80% after 200 cycles.
Nanoparticle transport in biomimetic polymer‐linked emulsions
Authors: Keane Daniel P. , Constantine Colby J. , Mellor Matthew D. , Poling‐Skutvik Ryan
Published: December 2023

The ability of nanoparticles to penetrate and transport through soft tissues is essential to delivering therapeutics to treat diseases or signaling agents for advanced imaging and sensing. Nanoparticle transport in biological systems, however, is challenging to predict and control due to the physicochemical complexity of tissues and biological fluids. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticles suspended in a novel class of soft matter—polymer‐linked emulsions (PLEs)—exhibit characteristics essential for mimicking transport in biological systems, including subdiffusive dynamics, non‐Gaussian displacement distributions, and decoupling of dynamics from material viscoelasticity. Using multiple particle tracking, we identify the physical mechanisms underlying this behavior, which we attribute to a coupling of nanoparticle dynamics to fluctuations in the local network of polymer‐linked droplets. Our findings demonstrate the potential of PLEs to serve as fully synthetic mimics of biological transport.
Data‐driven parallel Koopman subsystem modeling and distributed moving horizon state estimation for large‐scale nonlinear processes
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Bo Song , Zhang Xuewen , Qin Yan , Yin Xunyuan
Published: December 2023

In this article, we consider a state estimation problem for large‐scale nonlinear processes in the absence of first‐principles process models. By exploiting process operation data, both process modeling and state estimation design are addressed within a distributed framework. By leveraging the Koopman operator concept, a parallel subsystem modeling approach is proposed to establish interactive linear subsystem process models in higher‐dimensional subspaces, each of which correlates with the original nonlinear subspace of the corresponding process subsystem via a nonlinear mapping. The data‐driven linear subsystem models can be used to collaboratively characterize and predict the dynamical behaviors of the entire nonlinear process. Based on the established subsystem models, local state estimators that can explicitly handle process operation constraints are designed using moving horizon estimation. The local estimators are integrated via information exchange to form a distributed estimation scheme, which provides estimates of the unmeasured/unmeasurable state variables of the original nonlinear process in a linear manner. The proposed framework is applied to a chemical process and an agro‐hydrological process to illustrate its effectiveness and applicability. Good open‐loop predictability of the linear subsystem models is confirmed, and accurate estimates of the process states are obtained without requiring a first‐principles process model.
Flood susceptibility mapping at the country scale using machine learning approaches
Authors: Dawson Geoffrey , Butt Junaid , Jones Anne , Fraccaro Paolo
Published: December 2023

River (fluvial), surface water (pluvial) and coastal flooding pose a significant risk to the United Kingdom. Therefore, it is important to assess flood risk particularly as the impacts of flooding are projected to increase due to climate change. Here we present a high resolution combined fluvial and pluvial flood susceptibility map of England. This flood susceptibility model is created by using past flood events and a series of meaningful hydrological parameters to a training machine learning model. We tested the relative performance of different machine learning algorithms, including Classification and Regression Trees, Random Forest and XGBoost and found the XGBoost performed the best, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.93. We also found the model performed well on unseen areas, and we discuss the possibility of extending to regions that has no information on past flood events. Additionally, to aid in understanding what factors may impact flood risk to a particular area, we used Shapley additive explanations which allowed us to investigate the sensitivity of the predicted flood probability to flood factors at a given location.
Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual
Authors: Christie Kyle , Pierson Natalie R. , Holeski Liza M. , Lowry David B.
Published: December 2023

Premise

Increased aridity and drought associated with climate change are exerting unprecedented selection pressures on plant populations. Whether populations can rapidly adapt, and which life history traits might confer increased fitness under drought, remain outstanding questions.

Methods

We utilized a resurrection ecology approach, leveraging dormant seeds from herbarium collections to assess whether populations of Plantago patagonica from the semi‐arid Colorado Plateau have rapidly evolved in response to approximately ten years of intense drought in the region. We quantified multiple traits associated with drought escape and drought resistance and assessed the survival of ancestors and descendants under simulated drought.

Results

Descendant populations displayed a significant shift in resource allocation, in which they invested less in reproductive tissues and relatively more in both above‐ and below‐ground vegetative tissues. Plants with greater leaf biomass survived longer under terminal drought; moreover, even after accounting for the effect of increased leaf biomass, descendant seedlings survived drought longer than their ancestors.

Conclusions

Our results document rapid adaptive evolution in response to climate change in a selfing annual and suggest that shifts in tissue allocation strategies may underlie adaptive responses to drought in arid or semi‐arid environments. This work also illustrates a novel approach, documenting that under specific circumstances, seeds from herbarium specimens may provide an untapped source of dormant propagules for future resurrection experiments.
Exploring the evolving roles of clinical geneticists and genetic counselors in the era of genomic medicine
Authors: Freiman Andrew , Rekab Aisha , Bergner Amanda L. , Pereira Elaine M. , Lin Yuhuan , Ahimaz Priyanka
Published: December 2023

The increased utilization of clinical genomic sequencing in the past decade has ushered in the era of genomic medicine, requiring genetics providers to acquire new skills and adapt their practices. The change in workplace responsibilities of clinical/medical geneticists (CMGs) and genetic counselors (GCs) in North America, due to the evolution of genetic testing, has not been studied. We surveyed CMGs (n = 80) and GCs (n = 127) with experience in general/pediatric genetics to describe their current practice of clinical tasks and the change in regularity of performing these tasks over the past 5–10 years. Currently, complementarity of responsibilities between CMGs and GCs clearly exists but providers who have been in the field for longer have noted role changes. Trends indicate that fewer experienced CMGs perform physical exams and select genetic tests than before and fewer experienced GCs complete requisitions and write result letters. The frequency of CMGs and GCs who investigate genetic test results, however, has increased. This study provides insight into the changing landscape of clinical genetics practice. Our findings suggest that the roles and responsibilities of CMGs and GCs have shifted in the past decade.
Optical Control of Proteasomal Protein Degradation with a Photoswitchable Lipopeptide
Authors: Morstein Johannes , Amatuni Alexander , Shuster Anton , Kuttenlochner Wolfgang , Ko Tongil , Abegg Daniel , Groll Michael , Adibekian Alexander , Renata Hans , Trauner Dirk H.
Published: December 2023

Photolipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid functions. They often contain an azobenzene photoswitch that imparts a cis double‐bond upon irradiation. Herein, we present the application of photoswitching to a lipidated natural product, the potent proteasome inhibitor cepafungin I. Several azobenzene‐containing lipids were attached to the cyclopeptide core, yielding photoswitchable derivatives. Most notably, PhotoCep4 exhibited a 10‐fold higher cellular potency in its light‐induced cis‐form, matching the potency of natural cepafungin I. The length of the photolipid tail and distal positioning of the azobenzene photoswitch with respect to the macrocycle is critical for this activity. In a proteome‐wide experiment, light‐triggered PhotoCep4 modulation showed high overlap with constitutively active cepafungin I. The mode of action was studied using crystallography and revealed an identical binding of the cyclopeptide in comparison to cepafungin I, suggesting that differences in their cellular activity originate from switching the tail structure. The photopharmacological approach described herein could be applicable to many other natural products as lipid conjugation is common and often necessary for potent activity. Such lipids are often introduced late in synthetic routes, enabling facile chemical modifications.
Asymmetric Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation by a Versatile Chiral‐Amide‐Directing Strategy
Authors: Chen Wenkun , Jiang Jijun , Wang Jun
Published: December 2023

A versatile and readily available chiral amide directing group has been developed for the ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H activation. Asymmetric C−H activation of the related chiral benzamides with various olefins, aldehydes and propargylic alcohols has been accomplished with high stereoselectivities, affording a series of chiral products including 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins (up to 96 % ee), isocoumarins (up to 92 % ee), phthalides (up to 99 % ee), chiral bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (>20 : 1 dr), 4‐alkylidene‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins (up to 97 % ee) and allenes (>20 : 1 dr). Importantly, our methodologies enabled concise syntheses of many biologically active compounds and natural products (e.g., Montroumarin, Cyclosporone E, Cyclosporone Q, Concentricolide, Chuangxinol, and Eleutherol).
Tensile and heat resistance behavior of modified thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer in anisotropic neodymium‐iron‐born bonded magnet
Authors: Qu Zhongjie , Wu Qiong , Yu Kesong , Wang Zhanjia , Zhang Mengkang , Yue Ming , Liu Weiqiang
Published: December 2023

The emergence of anisotropic neodymium‐iron‐boron (NdFeB)‐bonded magnets with high energy density and freedom of shape design is effective in minimizing the dimensions and mass of electric motors. However, limitations in mechanical strength and heat resistance at elevated temperatures hinder their further application. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel approach to enhance the tensile strength and heat resistance of the NdFeB‐bonded magnet involving the modification of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) through the melt‐mixing method with a styrene–acrylonitrile‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (SAG) modifier and engineered TPU was then employed in fabricating NdFeB‐bonded magnets via calendering molding. The microstructure of the magnets exhibited aligned NdFeB particles due to mechanical stress during calendering molding, which results in anisotropy. Interestingly, the magnetic properties of bonded magnets based on modified TPU remain almost the same compared to their unmodified counterparts, showcasing a maximum energy product of around 12 MGOe. The mechanical tests demonstrated a maximum 32.4% increase in the tensile strength of bonded magnets based on modified TPU. A progressive shift to a higher temperature (100 to 120°C) of magnet samples fractured occurs in the heat resistance measurement of the bonded magnets based on modified TPU, meaning improvement in heat resistance of NdFeB bonded magnets.
Multifunctional and pH‐responsive dialdehyde cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite film reinforced with curcumin
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Huang Youjia , Chen Yingbao , Qin Zhiyong
Published: December 2023

The rational design of food packaging films with good antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and monitorability is of great importance in intelligent packaging. In this study, an active composite film was prepared by adding curcumin to a dialdehyde cellulose (DAC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. It was found that the Cur/DAC/PVA composite film exhibited optimal tensile strength at 30°C. The tensile strength of the composite film control PVA/DAC film was observed to increase by 176% due to the affection of hydrogen bonding. Under the influence of curcumin, the UV barrier property and antioxidant activity of the composite film were significantly increased, and the ABTS+• was removed by 0.5Cur/DAC/PVA up to 88% at low curcumin content. The water solubility and water vapor permeability were both reduced to some degree. It was also observed that composite film displayed an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Meanwhile, the Ritger and Peppas release model was used to study the release control capability of curcumin. Furthermore, the Cur/DAC/PVA composite film demonstrated excellent color response to pH, which it they could be used for intelligent packaging with real‐time visual monitoring.
The topological organization of the turtle cranium is constrained and conserved over long evolutionary timescales
Authors: Miller Eve , Lee Hiu Wai , Abzhanov Arkhat , Evers Serjoscha W.
Published: December 2023

The cranium of turtles (Testudines) is characterized by the secondary reduction of temporal fenestrae and loss of cranial joints (i.e., characteristics of anapsid, akinetic skulls). Evolution and ontogeny of the turtle cranium are associated with shape changes. Cranial shape variation among Testudines can partially be explained by dietary and functional adaptations (neck retraction), but it is unclear if cranial topology shows similar ecomorphological signal, or if it is decoupled from shape evolution. We assess the topological arrangement of cranial bones (i.e., number, relative positioning, connections), using anatomical network analysis. Non‐shelled stem turtles have similar cranial arrangements to archosauromorph outgroups. Shelled turtles (Testudinata) evolve a unique cranial organization that is associated with bone losses (e.g., supratemporal, lacrimal, ectopterygoid) and an increase in complexity (i.e., densely and highly interconnected skulls with low path lengths between bones), resulting from the closure of skull openings and establishment of unusual connections such as a parietal–pterygoid contact in the secondary braincase. Topological changes evolutionarily predate many shape changes. Topological variation and taxonomic morphospace discrimination among crown turtles are low, indicating that cranial topology may be constrained. Observed variation results from repeated losses of nonintegral bones (i.e., premaxilla, nasal, epipterygoid, quadratojugal), and changes in temporal emarginations and palate construction. We observe only minor ontogenetic changes. Topology is not influenced by diet and habitat, contrasting cranial shape. Our results indicate that turtles have a unique cranial topology among reptiles that is conserved after its initial establishment, and shows that cranial topology and shape have different evolutionary histories.
The effect of biogas and dimethyl ether on the thermal characteristics of a dual‐fuel diesel engine: A numerical study
Authors: Al‐Dawody Mohamed F. , Imtiaz Mariam , Katbar Nek Muhammad , Abdulwahid Mohammed A. , Al‐Obaidi Wisam , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Flayyih Mujtaba A. , Jamshed Wasim , Eid Mohamed R. , Alhushaybari Abdullah , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi
Published: December 2023

This investigation used the Diesel‐RK simulation program to carry out a numerical analysis of the effects that dual‐fuel mixes have on the combustion, performance, and emissions of a dual‐fuel diesel engine. It applied the multizone combustion model, and the controlling equations were solved for each individual combustion region. The engine characteristics were examined under the following scenario: it was initially powered by single‐fuel regular diesel (DF), then it switched to dual‐fuel use with 20% biogas, and then it was changed again with the use of 30% dimethyl ether (DME). On this basis, the mentioned biogas and DME ratios were used. The results showed that combustion pressure for the operation of 30% DME and 20% biogas was reduced by 2.45% and 9.57%, respectively, with respect to diesel fuel alone. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets was reduced by 12.6% for 30% DME and 16.2% for 20% biogas. Heat release and brake thermal efficacy (BTE) were reduced slightly with the use of biogas or DME in comparison with DF. The brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 15.27% and 8.34%, with 30% DME and 20% biogas respectively due to the difference in the energy content of the tested fuels. Nitrogen oxide emissions decreased by 2% and 28% for the operation of 30% DME and 20% biogas, respectively. The summary emission equation (SE), which describes the combination of NOx and PM emissions, decreased by 4.23% and 5.40% with 30% DME and 20% biogas respectively. Based on the results, this paper recommends the use of 20% biogas with diesel rather than 30% DME. The current findings matched well with other scientists' results.
A review of the use of SrO in catalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Tavizón‐Pozos J. Andrés , Cruz‐Aburto Zita G.
Published: December 2023

SrO has attracted attention for its use as a heterogeneous catalyst in producing biodiesel from transesterification owing to its high alkaline character and low solubility in methanol. In studies conducted in this decade, reaction conditions such as the methanol–oil molar ratio, reaction time, catalyst loading and temperature have been optimized in these systems. Furthermore, several works have been carried out to improve the physicochemical properties and increase the leaching resistance of this material. Thus, the new trends in using SrO in transesterification reactions are that this oxide should be supported or combined with Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, or Fe2O3, CaO, metal–organic frameworks, zeolites or La2O3. It has been observed that strontium can form mixed crystalline phases with these oxides by increasing the (M2+O2−) pairs and Lewis basicity of the oxygens, resulting in increased basicity and catalytic activity. Moreover, the transition metal oxides may provide Lewis acidity. Hence, these strontium‐containing catalytic systems have demonstrated a bifunctionality that can perform esterification and transesterification reactions at the same time. In addition, the combination of these oxides decreases the leaching of the catalyst. Other materials such as metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, and La2O3 have been studied as SrO supports, showing that they can be used in oil transesterification reactions.
Online false discovery rate control for LORD++ and SAFFRON under positive, local dependence
Authors: Fisher Aaron
Published: December 2023

Online testing procedures assume that hypotheses are observed in sequence, and allow the significance thresholds for upcoming tests to depend on the test statistics observed so far. Some of the most popular online methods include alpha investing, LORD++, and SAFFRON. These three methods have been shown to provide online control of the “modified” false discovery rate (mFDR) under a condition known as CS. However, to our knowledge, LORD++ and SAFFRON have only been shown to control the traditional false discovery rate (FDR) under an independence condition on the test statistics. Our work bolsters these results by showing that SAFFRON and LORD++ additionally ensure online control of the FDR under a “local” form of nonnegative dependence. Further, FDR control is maintained under certain types of adaptive stopping rules, such as stopping after a certain number of rejections have been observed. Because alpha investing can be recovered as a special case of the SAFFRON framework, our results immediately apply to alpha investing as well. In the process of deriving these results, we also formally characterize how the conditional super‐uniformity assumption implicitly limits the allowed p‐value dependencies. This implicit limitation is important not only to our proposed FDR result, but also to many existing mFDR results.
Evaluating functional communication training without extinction in public school settings
Authors: Torelli Jessica N. , Lloyd Blair P.
Published: December 2023

Functional communication training (FCT) in the treatment of escape‐maintained problem behavior for children with disabilities often includes extinction for problem behavior, which is difficult for educators to implement in classroom settings. This study evaluated the effects of FCT with concurrent schedules, as an alternative to extinction, for two children with disabilities and multiply maintained problem behavior including escape functions. FCT with concurrent schedules reduced problem behavior for one participant and increased mands for both participants. The mixed effects across participants and behaviors may inform boundary conditions for FCT with concurrent schedules.
Molecular structural descriptor‐assisted machine learning for organic photovoltaics with perylenediimide acceptors
Authors: Kim Gyu‐Hee , Yoon Keonho , Lee Chihyung , Nam Minwoo , Ko Doo‐Hyun
Published: December 2023

Although organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have evolved over the last two decades, the discovery of new materials and optimization of numerous considerations for high‐performance devices remain challenging. To reduce these laborious processes and expedite the advancement of OPVs, we constructed machine learning (ML) models that predict photovoltaic parameters. We designed a unique descriptor that divides the molecular structure into smaller units and translates them into a concise matrix. This allows the ML model to easily track structural units and understand which units are important for predicting target performance, enabling the ML model to prioritize crucial units. Therefore, without requiring additional data from measurements or calculations, the ML models can extract chemical properties from molecular structural information and accurately predict the photovoltaic parameters. The ML models that predict the photovoltaic parameters, including the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency, all show remarkably superior prediction performance, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.68. Consequently, in this article, we propose a highly precise and reliable predictive OPV‐ML platform that can robustly screen for unnecessary experiments and accelerate OPV development.
Prognosis and influencing factors of follicular thyroid cancer
Authors: Shen Jiafei , Yan Meiying , Chen Long , Ou Di , Yao Jincao , Feng Na , Zhou Xueqin , Lei Zhikai , Xu Dong
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is prone to distant metastasis, and patients with distant metastasis often have poor prognosis. In this study, the impact of metastasis and other relevant factors on the prognosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma was examined.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Data were obtained from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center and Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from January 2009 to June 2021 for 153 FTC patients. The patients were assigned into three groups according to their distant metastasis: distant metastasis at initial diagnosis (M1), distant metastasis during follow‐up (M2), and no evidence of distant metastasis over the course of the study (M0). Data were collected and summarized on clinical data, laboratory parameters, imaging features, postoperative pathologic subtypes, and metastases. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to perform the univariate and multivariate analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate cancer‐specific survival (CSS).

Results

Based on metastasis, the patients were assigned into three groups, including 31 in the M1 group, 15 in the M2 group, and 107 in the M0 group. These individuals were followed up for an average of 5.9 years, and the group included 46 patients with distant metastasis (31 confirmed at diagnosis and 15 found during follow‐up). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), surgery method, postoperative adjuvant therapy, histologic subtype, nodule size, calcification, TSH, and distant metastasis all impacted prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that histologic subtype (widely invasive; HR: 7.440; 95% CI: 3.083, 17.954; p < 0.001), nodule size (≥40 mm; HR: 8.622; 95% CI: 3.181, 23.369; p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (positive; HR: 6.727; 95% CI: 2.488, 18.186; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer.

Conclusions

Histologic subtype, nodule size, and distant metastasis are important risk factors for the prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer. Patients with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer have a poor prognosis, especially with metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. As a result, this group of patients requires individualized treatment and closer follow‐up.
Establishment of a staging system for visceral sarcoma
Authors: Wang Bingnan , Xu Lun , Fang Meng , Zheng Biqiang , Yan Wangjun
Published: December 2023

Background

Visceral sarcoma is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. However, there is no recommended prognostic staging system for the malignant disease.

Method

We analyzed the data of patients diagnosed with primary soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs between 2006 and 2017 at our hospital. Prognostic factors (size, tumor grade, and lymph node metastasis) were analyzed in our cohort (n = 203) and the SEER validation cohort (n = 5826).

Results

Tumor size, grade, and lymph node metastasis were important prognostic factors for visceral sarcoma in both our and the SEER cohorts. Based on these prognostic factors, we established a new staging system for visceral sarcoma, by which patients could be stratified into clinically meaningful and non‐overlapping stages in both our cohort and the SEER validation series. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the staging system for 5‐year survival was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89) in our series and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79–0.81) in SEER series, respectively. In addition, compared with the widely used FIGO staging system for female genital sarcoma, the visceral sarcoma staging system could more effectively and reliably stratify patients into four different prognostic groups.

Conclusions

The visceral sarcoma staging system is applicable for STS of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs and is better than the current FIGO staging system for female genital sarcoma and should be incorporated into the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.
A qualitative meta‐analysis examining the impact of personal therapy on clinical work and personal and professional development
Authors: Willemsen Jochem , de Condé Hubert , Kaluzeviciute‐Moreton Greta , Guogaite Greta , Polipo Niccolò Fiorentino , Zech Emmanuelle
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study explored how personal therapy (PT) is experienced by psychotherapists, focussing on its positive and negative impact on clinical work as well as personal and professional development (PPD). The current meta‐analysis considered qualitative research studies focussing on therapists' experiences of the impact of their PT on their clinical activities and development.

Method

A systematic review of the literature led to the identification of 21 published qualitative research studies. The findings from individual studies were subjected to grounded theory meta‐analysis.

Results

Five clusters were identified: (1) PT helps to increase self‐awareness in general and within the therapeutic relations; (2) PT helps therapists to adopt a therapeutic approach by observing and experiencing the impact of therapeutic interventions; (3) PT helps to support patients in the therapeutic process on the basis of one's own experience of going through a therapeutic process; (4) PT helps therapists to become more confident and authentic because it fosters self‐acceptance; and (5) PT hinders clinical work and PPD through exposure to inadequate interventions and by stirring up personal issues. The four helpful clusters can be linked to the processes of personal growth, learning through observation and experience, experiential learning, and professional identity development, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that PT can have a helpful impact on clinical work and PPD through four processes that strengthen effective therapist skills, attitudes and ways of being. However, several studies demonstrate that the influence of PT on clinical work and PPD can also be experienced as complex, ambiguous and even harmful.
Detailed role of microRNA‐mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT axis in human tumors
Authors: Al‐Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash , Ruzibakieva Malika , Gupta Reena , Malviya Jitendra , Toama Mariam Alaa , Hjazi Ahmed , Alkhayyat Murtadha Raad Radhi , Alsaab Hashem O. , Hadi Ali , Alwaily Enas R.
Published: December 2023

The regulation of signal transmission and biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, migration, and angiogenesis are greatly influenced by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Highly conserved endogenous non‐protein‐coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have the ability to regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or mRNA degradation. MiRNAs serve key role in PI3K/AKT pathway as upstream or downstream target, and aberrant activation of this pathway contributes to the development of cancers. A growing body of research shows that miRNAs can control the PI3K/AKT pathway to control the biological processes within cells. The expression of genes linked to cancers can be controlled by the miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis, which in turn controls the development of cancer. There is also a strong correlation between the expression of miRNAs linked to the PI3K/AKT pathway and numerous clinical traits. Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway‐associated miRNAs are potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognostic evaluation. The role and clinical applications of the PI3K/AKT pathway and miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in the emergence of cancers are reviewed in this article.
Transfusion‐Related acute lung injury (TRALI) caused by antibodies to HLA‐DRB1* 07:01 and HLA‐DQB1*02:02: A case report
Authors: Huang Menggentuya , Wang Xingtong , Wang Li , Chen Guanyi
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is characterized by non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute hypoxemia. There are few reports of HLA‐II antibodies causing TRALI in China.
δ‐Bonding and Spin‐Orbit Coupling Make SrAg4Sb2 a Topological Insulator
Authors: Morgan H. W. T. , Laderer W. T. , Alexandrova A. N.
Published: December 2023

Bonding interactions and spin‐orbit coupling in the topological insulator SrAg4Sb2 are investigated using DFT with orbital projection analysis. Ag−Ag delta bonding is a key ingredient in the topological insulating state because the
delta antibonding band forms a band inversion with the 5 s sigma bonding band. Spin‐orbit coupling is required to lift d orbital degeneracies and lower the antibonding band enough to create the band inversion. These bonding effects are enabled by a longer‐than‐covalent Ag−Ag distance in the crystal lattice, which might be a structural characteristic of other transition metal based topological insulators. A simplified model of the topological bands is constructed to capture the essence of the topological insulating state in a way that may be engineered in other materials.
A New Porphyrin‐based Covalent Organic Framework with High Iodine Capture Capacity and I‐doping Enhanced Conductivity
Authors: Li Yan , Cui Guoxin , Cai Xue , Yun Guan , Zhao Yongzheng , Jiang Li , Cui Shuxin , Zhang Jinghan , Liu Minghao , Zeng Weiqi , Wang Zhenlu , Jiang Jian
Published: December 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous organic materials with well‐defined and uniform structure. The material is an excellent candidate as a solid adsorbent for iodine adsorption. In the present study, we report the synthesis of COF with porphyrin moiety, TF‐TA‐COF, by solvothermal reaction, which was characterized by XRD, solid‐state 13C NMR, IR, TGA, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analysis. TF‐TA‐COF showed a high specific surface area of 443 m2 g−1, and exhibited good adsorption performance for iodine vapor, with an adsorption capacity of 2.74 g g−1. XPS and Raman spectrum indicated that a hybrid of physisorption and chemisorption took place between host COF and iodine molecules. The electric properties of iodine‐loaded TF‐TA‐COF were also studied. After doped with iodine, the conductivity of the material increased by more than 5 orders of magnitude. The photoconductivity of I2‐doped COF was also studied and TF‐TA‐COF showed doping‐enhanced photocurrent generation.
Exceptional capture of methane at low pressure by an iron‐based metal‐organic framework
Authors: Ma Yujie , Li Cheng , Guo Lixia , Lu Wanpeng , Cheng Yongqiang , Han Xue , Li Jiangnan , Crawshaw Danielle , He Meng , Shan Lutong , Lee Daniel , da Silva Ivan , Manuel Pascal , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai
Published: December 2023

The selective capture of methane (CH4) at low concentrations and its separation from N2 are extremely challenging owing to the weak host‐guest interactions between CH4 molecules and any sorbent material. Here, we report the exceptional adsorption of CH4 at low pressure and the efficient separation of CH4/N2 by MFM‐300(Fe). MFM‐300(Fe) shows a very high uptake for CH4 of 0.85 mmol g−1 at 1 mbar and 298 K and a record CH4/N2 selectivity of 45 for porous solids, representing a new benchmark for CH4 capture and CH4/N2 separation. The excellent separation of CH4/N2 by MFM‐300(Fe) has been confirmed by dynamic breakthrough experiments. In situ neutron powder diffraction, and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies, coupled with modelling, reveal a unique and strong binding of CH4 molecules involving Fe−OH⋯CH4 and C⋯phenyl ring interactions within the pores of MFM‐300(Fe), thus promoting the exceptional adsorption of CH4 at low pressure.
Abandonment issues: A hazard analysis of high‐performance work practices
Authors: Rankin Scott B.
Published: December 2023

This study examines usage of high‐performance work practices (HPWPs) over time using a unique longitudinal survey of Canadian organizations. Human resource management (HRM) studies tell us HPWPs require long‐term commitment but rarely measure it. Using event history analysis this study finds high rates of HPWP abandonment. The study also examines organizational supports for high‐performance work system (HPWS). A Cox regression analysis finds rates of abandonment are reduced when HPWPs are accompanied by aligned business strategies and HR professional support. The results inform process research on HRM strategies and raise troubling questions for findings in studies that fail to measure duration. For managers, the findings highlight the importance of ensuring strategic alignment with and organizational support for HPWPs if they are to endure.
First person profile: Patricia M. LoRusso, DO
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: December 2023

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, researcher and clinician Patricia M. LoRusso, DO, keeps her focus on patients as she conducts work in early‐phase trials that has led to the approval of several anticancer agents. In addition, the Food and Drug Administration has approved a niraparib and abiraterone acetate combination treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and researchers have identified two new subtypes of human papillomavirus‐related head and neck cancers.
Treatment‐related cardiovascular events in patients with non–small cell lung cancer: Evidence from real‐world data with a competing risks approach
Authors: Tran Thi‐Ngoc , Lee Sanghee , Kim Hak Jin , Lee Youngjoo , Tu Thao Minh , Choi Jin‐Ho , Song Jae Won , Cho Hyunsoon
Published: December 2023

Background

Understanding cancer treatment–related cardiovascular (CV) events is important for cancer care; however, comprehensive evaluation of CV events in patients with lung cancer is limited. This study aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and associated risks of various CV event types in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A total of 7868 individuals aged 40 years and older, recently diagnosed with NSCLC (2007–2018), were assessed with data obtained from the National Cancer Center, Korea. This study included nine types of CV events. A 2‐year cumulative incidence function (CIF) of CV events was estimated, with death as a competing event. The associated risks were assessed by subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) in the Fine–Gray competing risks model.

Results

CV events were observed in 7.8% of patients with NSCLC, with the most frequently observed types being atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) (2.7%), venous thromboembolic disease (2.0%), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) (1.5%). Overall, all CV events were highest in the group treated with systemic therapy (CIF, 10.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5%–11.8%), followed by those treated with surgery (CIF, 10.0%; 95% CI, 8.6%–11.6%); the incidence of AF (CIF, 5.7%; 95% CI, 4.6%–7.0%) was highest in patients treated with surgery. Individuals treated with systemic therapy were found to exhibit a higher CeVD risk than those treated with surgery (sHR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.66–10.23). Among the patients who underwent surgery, those with lobectomy and pneumonectomy had a higher AF risk (vs. wedge resection/segmentectomy; sHR, 7.79; 95% CI, 1.87–32.42; sHR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.60–40.89).

Conclusions

These findings revealed treatment‐related CV event risks in patients with NSCLC, which suggests that the risk of AF in surgery and CeVD in systemic therapy should be paid more attention to achieve a better prognosis and improve cancer survivorship outcomes.

Plain Language Summary

Atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) is the most common cardiovascular event, particularly at a high risk in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery.

Patients receiving surgery with poor performance status, diagnosed with regional stage, and undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy are at a high risk of AF.

Systemic/radiotherapy is associated with cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease in patients with NSCLC.
Current Status and Future Directions: The Application of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning for Precision Medicine
Authors: Naik Kunal , Goyal Rahul K. , Foschini Luca , Chak Choi Wai , Thielscher Christian , Zhu Hao , Lu James , Lehár Joseph , Pacanoswki Michael A. , Terranova Nadia , Mehta Neha , Korsbo Niklas , Fakhouri Tala , Liu Qi , Gobburu Jogarao
Published: December 2023

Technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), have the potential to expedite the goal of precision medicine, especially when combined with increased capacity for voluminous data from multiple sources and expanded therapeutic modalities; however, they also present several challenges. In this communication, we first discuss the goals of precision medicine, and contextualize the use of AI in precision medicine by showcasing innovative applications (e.g., prediction of tumor growth and overall survival, biomarker identification using biomedical images, and identification of patient population for clinical practice) which were presented during the February 2023 virtual public workshop entitled “Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Precision Medicine,” hosted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M‐CERSI). Next, we put forward challenges brought about by the multidisciplinary nature of AI, particularly highlighting the need for AI to be trustworthy. To address such challenges, we subsequently note practical approaches, viz., differential privacy, synthetic data generation, and federated learning. The proposed strategies – some of which are highlighted presentations from the workshop – are for the protection of personal information and intellectual property. In addition, methods such as the risk‐based management approach and the need for an agile regulatory ecosystem are discussed. Finally, we lay out a call for action that includes sharing of data and algorithms, development of regulatory guidance documents, and pooling of expertise from a broad‐spectrum of stakeholders to enhance the application of AI in precision medicine.
Does a prior diagnosis of infectious disease confer an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults?
Authors: Edstorp Jessica , Rossides Marios , Ahlqvist Emma , Rasouli Bahareh , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Carlsson Sofia
Published: December 2023

Aims

Infections are proposed risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children. We examined whether a diagnosis of infectious disease also confers an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Materials and methods

We used data from a population‐based Swedish case‐control study with incident cases of LADA (n = 597) and matched controls (n = 2386). The history of infectious disease was ascertained through national and regional patient registers. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for ≥1 respiratory (any/upper/lower), gastrointestinal, herpetic, other or any infectious disease episode, or separately, for 1 and ≥2 infectious disease episodes, within 0–1, 1–3, 3–5 and 5–10 years before LADA diagnosis/matching. Stratified analyses were performed on the basis of HLA risk genotypes and Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) levels.

Results

Individuals who developed LADA did not have a higher prevalence of infectious disease 1–10 years before diabetes diagnosis. For example, OR was estimated at 0.87 (0.66, 1.14) for any versus no respiratory infectious disease within 1–3 years. Similar results were seen for LADA with high‐risk HLA genotypes (OR 0.95 [0.64, 1.42]) or high GADA levels (OR 1.10 [0.79, 1.55]), ≥2 episodes (OR 0.89 [0.56, 1.40]), and in infections treated using antibiotics (OR 1.03 [0.73, 1.45]). The only significant association was observed with lower respiratory disease the year preceding LADA diagnosis (OR 1.67 [1.06, 2.64]).

Conclusions

Our findings do not support the idea that exposure to infections increases the risk of LADA. A higher prevalence of respiratory infection in the year before LADA diagnosis could reflect increased susceptibility to infections due to hyperglycemia.
Picturing oneself over time: a multi‐modal interpretative phenomenological analysis of pain management trajectories
Authors: Nizza I. E. , Smith J. A. , Kirkham J. A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Chronic pain (CP) can be a disabling condition with impacts that affect the sense of identity of those who live with it. This article idiographically describes the longitudinal evolution of the sense of self of participants following their referral to a pain management service and participation in a pain management programme (PMP).

Methods

Participants were interviewed three times: before they attended a PMP, and 1 and 6 months after the PMP. Data included the drawings of themselves that participants created at each interview and the transcripts of the interviews guided by the drawings, analysed longitudinally using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

This paper describes in detail the cases of four participants: two who experienced a positive albeit troubled trajectory following their PMP and two who did not experience any positive change. The results provide a nuanced account of how the impacts of CP on identity can evolve, with different people engaging with different aspects of a PMP and some people not engaging at all, and how pain self‐management strategies enable those that do engage to cope in times of difficulty.

Conclusions

Participant responses to PMP participation are idiosyncratic and interviews with drawings of self analysed longitudinally can help illustrate processes of change.

Significance

Not enough is understood about why some people get limited benefits from pain services. This idiographic longitudinal study illustrates how the impact of CP on identity can evolve when people are introduced to pain self‐management, with some embracing change and others resisting it. For clinicians, this study describes four detailed CP individual paths, showing the interaction between contextual and idiosyncratic aspects. This is also the first study to use multiple drawings of self to explore the impacts of illness on identity longitudinally. In a person‐centred approach to treatment, the drawings of self could also be adopted as a tool in clinician‐patient conversations to gain a deeper understanding of the impacts of living with CP.