bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathways for optimal provision of thermal comfort and sustainability of residential housing in hot and humid tropics of Australia – A critical review
Authors: Safarova Shokhida , Halawa Edward , Campbell Andrew , Law Lisa , van Hoof Joost
Published: March 2017

The optimal provision of thermal comfort and energy efficiency for residential housing in the hot and humid tropics presents challenges and opportunities for housing and subdivision designs. Climatic challenges come in the form of high ambient temperature and humidity, especially during the wet season and transition periods. On the other hand, climatic advantages come in the form of breezes coupled with relatively dry air during the dry season, enabling thermal comfort attainment through natural ventilation that employs prevailing breezes. This paper discusses existing design practices for housing and subdivisions in the hot and humid tropics with particular reference to the city of Darwin in Australia’s Northern Territory. This includes several research issues and gaps that have been identified and need to be addressed. The paper also critically assesses how air speed, air temperature and humidity – three of the thermal comfort parameters – play a key role in housing and subdivision design consideration in the hot and humid tropics. In doing so, the paper sheds light on the inadequacy of the current residential energy rating methodology as a tool for assessing tropical housing performance and proposes a new direction for future research to ameliorate these issues for the tropics.
‘We have different routes for different reasons’: Exploring the purpose of walks for carers of people with dementia
Authors: Silverman Marjorie
Published: March 2017

This paper explores the purpose of walks for co-residing carers of people with dementia, using a social citizenship lens. The findings are based on the first phase of a study examining the everyday experiences of place, space, and neighbourhood of dementia carers. Using three forms of data collection – social network mapping, walking interviews, and participant-driven photography – the study brings forth information about why carers go on walks either alone or with the person with dementia. Carers explained that walks facilitate their connections with themselves, the person with dementia, their social environment, and their natural and built environment. In sum, walks provide a way of practicing and sustaining social citizenship. Carers’ discourse about walks highlights their personal, everyday practices and strategies, as well as the larger tensions and contradictions of dementia care. The findings reinforce the need to bring into dialogue, from a carer perspective, a social citizenship model of dementia with the growing interest in dementia-friendly communities.
Installation and characteristics of urea-selective catalytic reduction systems for nitrogen oxide reduction in marine diesel engine
Authors: Ryu Younghyun , Kim Hongryeol , Cho Wookje , Nam Jeonggil
Published: March 2017

Since 1 January 2016, the International Maritime Organization Tier III regulations concerning nitrogen oxides took effect. International Maritime Organization Tier III targets new ships weighing over 400 ton engaged in international sailing, especially those entering and leaving emission control areas. The number of emission control areas, including sulfur emission control areas, is forecasted to increase in Japanese seas and elsewhere; thus, all new ships intended for international sailing purposes must consider appropriate responses to these regulations. Currently, urea-selective catalytic reduction systems are frequently used to satisfy International Maritime Organization Tier III regulations in marine diesel engines, but these decrease ship engine performance due to increased engine exhaust gas pressure. Thus, following a study by Ryu et al., this research compares engine exhaust gas pressures at different engine loads (25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) with the application of a thinner metal catalyst to a selective catalytic reduction reactor; metal catalyst thickness was reduced by 30% or more from the original sheet thickness of 0.1 t. Furthermore, 40% urea was injected into the exhaust gas line to conduct a comparative analysis of nitrogen oxide reduction. By changing the metal catalyst’s sheet thickness, nitrogen oxide was reduced by more than 80%, while the engine exhaust gas pressure was lowered by approximately 13%–28%.
Current Evidence Regarding Routine Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Hand Surgery
Authors: Dunn John C. , Fares Austin B. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Pirela-Cruz Miguel , Gonzalez Gilberto , Orr Justin D. , Pallis Mark
Published: March 2017

Background: Although routine antibiotic prophylaxis immediately preceding an orthopedic surgery has become the standard of care in most cases, this practice is poorly defined in hand surgery. The purpose of this analysis is to review the most current literature of antibiotic use in hand surgery. Methods: A careful review of the literature regarding routine antibiotic prophylaxis in hand surgery was made. Current relevant resources were used in the construction of this review. Results: There is a mixed consensus on the role for prophylactic antibiotics in hand surgery with some resources and data showing support and others opposed. Conclusions: Based on the current literature, the authors recommend the following patient characteristics not receive antibiotics: clean hygienic patients, without autoimmune disease, and those not taking steroid medication. Surgical characteristics that would render prophylaxis unnecessary include those without hardware, those without reasonable risk of hematoma formation, or those performed at an ambulatory surgery center as opposed to a large hospital. However, the decision should be made on a case-by-case basis weighing the evidence presented.
Self-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Revision Carpal Tunnel Surgery With or Without Hypothenar Fat Pad Transposition
Authors: Pace Gregory I. , Zale Connor L. , Gendelberg David , Taylor Kenneth F.
Published: March 2017

Background: Carpal tunnel surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed on the hand. Although complications are rare, recurrent or persistent carpal tunnel syndrome can be a significant problem after primary decompression. Various procedures have been described for the treatment of these patients including repeat decompression and hypothenar fat pad transposition. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing revision carpal tunnel decompression with and without hypothenar fat pad transposition. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing revision carpal tunnel surgery at our institution between 2002 and 2014. Identified patients were contacted by telephone. A Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was administered to all participants. Results: Seventy-six patients underwent revision carpal tunnel surgery over the study period. Twenty-nine of 45 potential participants provided a survey response (64.9%) representing a total of 33 carpal tunnel revision surgeries. Seventeen hands underwent repeat decompression alone, and 16 hands underwent repeat decompression with hypothenar fat pad transposition. A trend toward improved overall BCTQ score was noted for patients undergoing decompression alone; however, no significant difference was determined for total survey score by procedure type. Similarly, total symptom severity and functional scores were not statistically significant between groups; however, a trend toward significance for improved symptom severity score was observed in patients undergoing decompression alone. Conclusions: Our results reveal no difference in self-reported symptom severity and functional scores between patients undergoing revision carpal tunnel surgery with repeat decompression alone or decompression with fat pad transposition.
Engaging with religious epistemologies in the classroom: Implications for civic education
Authors: Bekerman Zvi , Zembylas Michalinos
Published: March 2017

Our point of departure in this paper is the observation that in many secular societies—which may be so in variable degrees, especially in the West—as well as in societies emerging out of religious conflict, there may be the perception that educational systems ought to promote civic values while sidestepping religious or cultural values. This entanglement, in our view, presents a challenge that is deeply political, because effective participation in a society is directly relevant to ideals about equity, social justice, power relations, and the common good. We suggest that when religious and cultural affiliations are excluded from such ideals, this makes effective participation more possible or perhaps less so, especially for certain social groups such as minority and marginalized groups or groups that have been victimized in a conflict situations.
Voices of Canadian and Mexican youth surrounded by violence: Learning experiences for peace-building citizenship
Authors: Bickmore Kathy , Awad Yomna , Radjenovic Angelica
Published: March 2017

How do young people living in high-violence contexts express a sense of democratic agency and hope, and/or frustration and hopelessness, for handling various kinds of social and political conflict problems? The management of conflict is a core challenge and purpose of democracy, severely impeded by the isolation and distrust caused by violence. Publicly funded schools can be (but often are not) part of the solution to such challenges (Bickmore, 2014; Davies, 2011). This article is drawn from a larger on-going project probing the (mis)fit between young people’s lived citizenship and conflict experiences, and their school-based opportunities to develop democratic peace-building capacities, in non-affluent local contexts surrounded by violence, in an international comparative perspective. We report on focus group conversations with several small groups of students, ages 10–15, in two Canadian and four Mexican schools in marginalized urban areas. Diverse participating young people tended to have a stronger sense of agency and hope in relation to some kinds of conflicts (such as environmental pollution) compared to others (such as unemployment and insecure work or drug-gang violence). In general, they did not feel that their lived citizenship knowledge was much valued or built upon in school.
Evidence-Based Design and Research-Informed Design: What’s the Difference? Conceptual Definitions and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Peavey Erin , Vander Wyst Kiley B.
Published: March 2017

Objective:

This article provides critical examination and comparison of the conceptual meaning and underlying assumptions of the concepts evidence-based design (EBD) and research-informed design (RID) in order to facilitate practical use and theoretical development.

Background:

In recent years, EBD has experienced broad adoption, yet it has been simultaneously critiqued for rigidity and misapplication. Many practitioners are gravitating to the term RID to describe their method of integrating knowledge into the design process. However, the term RID lacks a clear definition and the blurring of terms has the potential to weaken advances made integrating research into practice.

Method:

Concept analysis methods from Walker and Avant were used to define the concepts for comparison.

Results:

Conceptual definitions, process descriptions, examples (i.e., model cases), and methods of evaluation are offered for EBD and RID. Although EBD and RID share similarities in meaning, the two terms are distinct. When comparing evidence based (EB) and research informed, EB is a broad base of information types (evidence) that are narrowly applied (based), while the latter references a narrow slice of information (research) that is broadly applied (informed) to create an end product of design.

Conclusions:

Much of the confusion between the use of the concepts EBD and RID arises out of differing perspectives between the way practitioners and academics understand the underlying terms. The authors hope this article serves to generate thoughtful dialogue, which is essential to the development of a discipline, and look forward to the contribution of the readership.
Distribution of Subchondral Bone Puncture Strength in the Talus and Tibial Plafond: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Ulrich Slif D. , Parks Brent G. , Tsai Michael A. , Miller Stuart D.
Published: March 2017

We investigated talus and tibial plafond subchondral bone puncture strength based on surface location. Puncture tests of the subchondral bone were performed in 9 equal zones on the articular surface of 12 cadaver specimens aged 49.1 years (range, 36-56 years). Compressive load was applied through a microfracture awl at 2 mm/min. Puncture strength was defined as the first load drop in load-deflection curves. In the talus, zone 1 (215 ± 91 N) and zone 2, the anterior medial and anterior middle zones, had significantly greater puncture strength than zones 7, 8, and 9, the posterior medial, middle, and lateral zones (104 ± 43 N, 115 ± 43 N, and 102 ± 35 N, respectively; P < .001). In the tibial plafond, zone 3, the anterior-lateral zone, and zone 7, the posterior medial zone, had significantly greater strength than zone 8, the posterior middle zone (202 ± 72 N, 206 ± 121 N, and 112 ± 65 N, respectively; P < .001) These results suggest that the subchondral bone is significantly weaker to penetrative force in the posterior region than in the anterior region of the talar dome and of the tibial plafond. These findings may have implications for microfracture awl design and for understanding the complex anatomy and physiology of the ankle joint.

Levels of Evidence: Controlled laboratory study
‘One blue’
Authors: Foley Ronan
Published: March 2017

This paper responds to Winder and Le Heron’s (2017) article on the Blue Economy and starts by acknowledging their laudable attempt to critically examine the terminology and in particular its economic framing. Their articulation of how this can be extended to consider bioeconomic relations, ethics and politics and where geographers play a role in innovative forms of knowledge production is then critically examined. I suggest that the term blue needs to be examined more fully alongside the term economic and identify a range of complex palettes and forms that need to be considered. In addition, I propose that health in a range of forms, both human and non-human, might be fed into the mix to deepen their discussion of both value and ethics of care. Finally, the notion of ‘one blue’, following the example of ‘one health’, is tentatively suggested as a conceptual term to deepen their call for stronger aspects of therapeutic assemblage thinking to be fed into future ocean and marine management.
Further assembly work
Authors: Winder Gordon M , Heron Richard Le
Published: March 2017

In response to the suggestions of our commentators, we sketch in some new directions for geographic assembly work aimed at developing situated holistic Blue Economy imaginaries. We focus on several interlinked provocations: conceptualizing mountains to seas imaginaries, centring water, rethought relations of governmentality and governance derived from new ethically informed behaviours, strategies for transitioning conceptions into new policy models and attentiveness to global economic and environmental futures.
The Changing Physical and Social Environment of Newsgathering: A Case Study of Foreign Correspondents Using Chat Apps During Unrest
Authors: Belair-Gagnon Valerie , Agur Colin , Frisch Nicholas
Published: March 2017

Mobile chat apps have shaped multiple forms of communication in everyday life, including education, family, business, and health communication. In journalism, chat apps have taken on a heightened significance in reporting political unrest, particularly in terms of audience/reporter distinctions, sourcing of information, and community formation. Mobile phones are now essential components in reporters’ everyday communication, and particularly during political unrest. In East Asia, the latest trends point toward private networking apps, such as WeChat and WhatsApp, as the most important digital tools for journalists to interact with sources and audiences in news production. These apps provide a set of private (and, increasingly, encrypted) alternatives to open, public-facing social media platforms. This article is the first to examine foreign correspondents’ usage of chat apps for newsgathering during political unrest in China and Hong Kong since the 2014 “Umbrella Movement,” a time when the use of chat apps in newsgathering became widespread. This article identifies and critically examines the salient features of these apps. It then discusses the ways these journalistic interactions on chat apps perpetuate, disrupt, and affect “social” newsgathering. This article argues that chat apps do not represent one interactive space; rather they are hybrid interactions of news production embedded in social practices rather than pre-existing physical/digital spaces. This research is significant as the emergence of chat apps as tools in foreign correspondents’ reporting has implications for journalistic practices in information gathering, storage, security, and interpretation and for the informational cultures of journalism.
Steinmetzite, Zn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2O, a new mineral formed from alteration of phosphophyllite at the Hagendorf Süd pegmatite, Bavaria
Authors: Grey I. E. , Keck E. , Kampf A. R. , Mumme W. G. , Macrae C. M. , Gable R. W. , Glenn A. M. , Davidson C. J.
Published: March 2017

Steinmetzite, ideally Zn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2O, is a new mineral from the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Hagendorf, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. Steinmetzite was found in a highly oxidized zone of the Cornelia mine at Hagendorf-Süd. It has formed by alteration of phosphophyllite, involving oxidation of the iron and some replacement of Zn by Fe. Steinmetzite lamellae co-exist with an amorphous Fe-rich phosphate in pseudomorphed phosphophyllite crystals. The lamellae are only a few μm thick and with maximum dimension ∼50 μm. The phosphophyllite pseudomorphs have a milky opaque appearance, often with a glazed yellow to orange weathering rind and with lengths ranging from sub-mm to 1 cm. Associated minerals are albite, apatite, chalcophanite, jahnsite, mitridatite, muscovite, quartz and wilhelmgümbelite.Goethite and cryptomelane are also abundant in the oxidized zone. The calculated density is 2.96 g cm–3. Steinmetzite is biaxial (–) with measured refractive indices α = 1.642(2), β = 1.659 (calc.), γ = 1.660(2) (white light). 2V(meas) = 27(1)°; orientation isY≈b,X^c≈ 27°, with crystals flattened on {010} and elongated on [001]. Pleochroism shows shades of pale brown;Y>X≈Z. Electron microprobe analyses (average of seven crystals) with Fe reported as Fe2O3and with H2O calculated from the structure gave ZnO 31.1, MnO 1.7, CaO 0.5, Fe2O321.9, Al2O30.3, P2O532.9, H2O 14.1 wt.%, total 102.5%. The empirical formula based on 2 P and 12 O, with all iron as ferric and OH–adjusted for charge balance is Zn1.65Fe1.193+Mn0.112+Ca0.03Al0.023+(PO4)2(OH)1.21·2.79H2O. The simplified formula is Zn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2O.Steinmetzite is triclinic,P1̄, with unit-cell parameters:a= 10.438(2),b= 5.102(1),c= 10.546(2) Å, α = 91.37(2), β = 115.93(2) and γ = 94.20(2)°.V= 502.7(3) Å3,Z= 2. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobsin Å (I) (hkl)] 9.313(65) (100), 5.077(38) (010), 4.726(47) (002), 4.657(100) (200), 3.365 (55) (3̄02), 3.071(54) (11̄2) and 2.735(48) (3̄1̄2). The structure is related to that of phosphophyllite.
Cytoreductive conditioning intensity predicts clonal diversity in ADA-SCID retroviral gene therapy patients
Authors: Cooper Aaron R. , Lill Georgia R. , Shaw Kit , Carbonaro-Sarracino Denise A. , Davila Alejandra , Sokolic Robert , Candotti Fabio , Pellegrini Matteo , Kohn Donald B.
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Retroviral vector clonal diversity and T-cell receptor diversity correlated with intensity of busulfan conditioning. Some patients had stable dominant clones with retroviral vectors adjacent to known proto-oncogenes.
Clinical Activity of the γ-Secretase Inhibitor PF-03084014 in Adults With Desmoid Tumors (Aggressive Fibromatosis)
Authors: Kummar Shivaani , O'Sullivan Coyne Geraldine , Do Khanh T. , Turkbey Baris , Meltzer Paul S. , Polley Eric , Choyke Peter L. , Meehan Robert , Vilimas Rasa , Horneffer Yvonne , Juwara Lamin , Lih Ann , Choudhary Amul , Mitchell Sandra A. , Helman Lee J. , Doroshow James H. , Chen Alice P.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) arise from connective tissue cells or fibroblasts. In general, they are slow growing and do not metastasize; however, locally aggressive desmoid tumors can cause severe morbidity and loss of function. Disease recurrence after surgery and/or radiation and diagnosis of multifocal desmoid tumors highlight the need to develop effective systemic treatments for this disease. In this study, we evaluate objective response rate after therapy with the γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in patients with recurrent, refractory, progressive desmoid tumors.

Patients and Methods

Seventeen patients with desmoid tumors received PF-03084014 150 mg orally twice a day in 3-week cycles. Response to treatment was evaluated at cycle 1 and every six cycles, that is, 18 weeks, by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) version 1.1. Patient-reported outcomes were measured at baseline and at every restaging visit by using the MD Anderson Symptoms Inventory. Archival tumor and blood samples were genotyped for somatic and germline mutations in APC and CTNNB1.

Results

Of 17 patients accrued to the study, 15 had mutations in APC or CTNNB1 genes. Sixteen patients (94%) were evaluable for response; five (29%) experienced a confirmed partial response and have been on study for more than 2 years. Another five patients with prolonged stable disease as their best response remain on study. Patient-reported outcomes confirmed clinician reporting that the investigational agent was well tolerated and, in subgroup analyses, participants who demonstrated partial response also experienced clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in symptom burden.

Conclusion

PF-03084014 was well tolerated and demonstrated promising clinical benefit in patients with refractory, progressive desmoid tumors who receive long-term treatment.
FGFR2 is required for airway basal cell self-renewal and terminal differentiation
Authors: Balasooriya Gayan , Goschorska Maja , Piddini Eugenia , Rawlins Emma L.
Published: March 2017

Airway stem cells slowly self-renew and produce differentiated progeny to maintain homeostasis throughout the life-span of an individual. Mutations in the molecular regulators of these processes may drive cancer or degenerative disease, but are also potential therapeutic targets. Conditionally deleting one copy of FGF Receptor 2 in adult mouse airway basal cells results in self-renewal and differentiation phenotypes. We show that FGFR2 signalling correlates with maintenance of expression of a key transcription factor for basal cell self-renewal and differentiation, SOX2. This heterozygous phenotype illustrates that subtle changes in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase signalling can have significant effects, perhaps providing an explanation for the numerous changes seen in cancer.
Developmental patterning of the sub-epidermal integument cell layer in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Coen Olivier , Fiume Elisa , Xu Wenjia , De Vos Delphine , Lu Jing , Pechoux Christine , Lepiniec Loïc , Magnani Enrico
Published: March 2017

Angiosperm seed development is a paradigm of tissue cross-talk. Proper seed formation requires spatial and temporal coordination of the fertilization products – embryo and endosperm – and the surrounding seed coat maternal tissue. In early Arabidopsis seed development, all seed integuments were thought to respond homogenously to endosperm growth. Here, we show that the sub-epidermal integument cell layer has a unique developmental program. We characterized the cell patterning of the sub-epidermal integument cell layer, which initiates a previously uncharacterized extra cell layer, and identified TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 and SEEDSTICK MADS box transcription factors as master regulators of its polar development and cell architecture. Our data indicate that the differentiation of the sub-epidermal integument cell layer is insensitive to endosperm growth alone and to the repressive mechanism established by FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM and MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 Polycomb group proteins. This work demonstrates the different responses of epidermal and sub-epidermal integument cell layers to fertilization.
Non-canonical activity of the podosomal formin FMNL1γ supports immune cell migration
Authors: Miller Matthew R. , Miller Eric W. , Blystone Scott D.
Published: March 2017

Having previously located the formin FMNL1 in macrophage podosomes, we developed an in vivo model to assess the role of FMNL1 in the migration activities of primary macrophages. Deletion of FMNL1 in mice was genetically lethal; however, targeted deletion in macrophages was achieved by employing macrophage-specific Cre. Unchallenged FMNL1-deficient mice exhibited an unexpected reduction in tissue-resident macrophages despite normal blood monocyte numbers. Upon immune stimulus, the absence of FMNL1 resulted in reduced macrophage recruitment in vivo, decreased migration in two-dimensional in vitro culture and a decrease in the number of macrophages exhibiting podosomes. Of the three described isoforms of FMNL1 – α, β and γ – only FMNL1γ rescued macrophage migration when expressed exogenously in depleted macrophages. Surprisingly, mutation of residues in the FH2 domain of FMNL1γ that disrupt barbed-end actin binding did not limit rescue of macrophage migration and podosome numbers. These observations suggest that FMNL1 contributes to macrophage migration activity by stabilizing the lifespan of podosomes without interaction of fast-growing actin termini.
Resiliência, população e território: contributo conceptual para a terminologia dos riscos
Authors: Castro Fátima Velez de , Lourenço Luciano
Published: March 2017

O trabalho proposto pretende discutir o conceito de “resiliência”, encarando-o como um conjunto de capacidades e características inerentes ao meio físico e aos seres humanos, as quais se poderão modificar, com vista à redução da vulnerabilidade em contexto de recuperação, registada na sequência de perturbações dos sistemas naturais e antrópicos. Com base no efeito de antecipação-reação-recuperação, será abordada a génese do conceito, a suaapropriação terminológica por diversas ciências, assim como a derivação epistemológica, que resultou numa tipologia de resiliência(s) associadas às populações e aos territórios. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_24_1
The Northwestern Command’s Response to Insurgent Assaults on Dabat, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Fantahun
Published: March 2017

Between 1974 and 1991, the Ethiopian army was one of the largest and most heavily armed ground forces in Africa. In March 1978, it scored a decisive victory over Somalia. However, it failed to beat the northern insurgents despite its superiority in numbers and arms. On their part, the northern insurgents carefully studied the army’s weakest points and mounted surprise attacks on poorly defended positions. One such target that suffered from repeated insurgent onslaughts was Dabat, capital of the Wogara awrajja (subprovince) in northern Gondar. The army unit assigned to carry out counterinsurgency operations in that sector was the Northwestern Command. But mainly because of the serious problems within the command structure, the army miserably failed not only to hunt down insurgents but also to defend garrison towns like Dabat. The incidents that occurred at Dabat show us the internal crisis in the Northwestern Command. Using the untapped archives of the Ministry of National Defense and eyewitness accounts, this study seeks to uncover the army’s structural problems, such as intelligence failure, con flict among commanders and officials, infiltration, insubordination, indifference, and indiscipline.
The British on the Ethiopian Bench: 1942–1944
Authors: Fanta Esubalew Belay
Published: March 2017

This article reconstructs the genesis of the Imperial High Court during its formative years, 1942–44, and the implications of the 1942 and 1944 Anglo-Ethiopian agreements on the competence and composition of that court.
Über das Kindeswohl entscheiden
Authors: Ackermann Timo
Published: March 2017

Trotz des vermehrten Interesses aus der Wissenschaft ist bislang wenig darüber bekannt, wie die Beschäftigten der Jugendämter ihre teilweise folgenschweren Entscheidungen zum Kindeswohl fällen. Hier setzt Timo Ackermann an. Auf der Basis einer ethnographischen Feldforschung zeigt er, wie Entscheidungen über »Fremdunterbringungen« bearbeitet werden und wie die Sozialarbeiter_innen der Jugendämter damit umgehen, dass ihnen problematische Fallkonstellationen stets als Folgen eigener Entscheidungen zugerechnet werden können. Die Studie ermöglicht Einblicke in ein hochkomplexes Arbeitsfeld, in schwierige, dilemmatische Konstellationen und in Strategien ihrer Bearbeitung.
Delivering Islamic Studies and Teaching Diversity in Southern Thai Islamic Schools
Authors: Raihani Raihani , Karim Promadi , M. Asyari Sopyan , Mahnun Nunu
Published: March 2017

Teaching religious and cultural diversities would possibly be one of the greatest challenges to teachers of Islamic in Southern Thai Islamic schools due to the strong Islamic ideology they hold, lack of proper training for their professional growth, and the ongoing ethno-political conflict in the area. This paper explores how such a challenge has been faced. It particularly describes the teaching process of Islamic studies in Thai Islamic schools and explores opportunities within it for promoting religious and cultural diversities. We also look into possible opportunities for Islamic teachers to teach and students to learn about the diverse reality of society. We found that the deliveries of Islamic fell squarely within the concept of teaching into religion using a heavy confessional approach. Indoctrination with a little encouragement of critical thinking was common in Islamic classes. The presentation of other faiths and cultures was designed to explore their weaknesses and fallacies from a single believed-Islamic perspective.[Pengajaran keragaman budaya dan agama merupakan sebuah tantangan besar bagi guru pendidikan keislaman pada sekolah di Thailand Selatan, seiring dengan pemahaman keislaman mereka yang kuat, kesenjangan tingkat perkembangan profesionalitas, dan konflik politik etnik di daerah tersebut. Tulisan ini mengetengahkan persoalan yang mereka hadapi, khususnya deskripsi proses pengajaran studi keislaman di sekolah Islam lokal dan peluang dalam promosi keragaman budaya dan agama. Tulisan ini juga melihat kemungkinan peluang bagi guru agama Islam dan anak didiknya untuk saling belajar dari realitas keragaman dalam masyarakat. Kami menemukan bahwa menyampaikan pengetahuan keislaman harus tepat dengan konsep pengajaran bagi pemeluk agamanya menggunakan pendekatan keyakinan yang lurus. Indoktrinasi dengan sedikit dorongan pemikiran kritis merupakan kewajaran dalam kelas agama. Presentasi agama dan budaya lain didesain untuk eksplorasi kekurangan dan kesalahan dari perspektif yang monolitik.]
The Effect of the Abbasids’ Political Disintegration on the Architectural Development of the Prophet’s Mosque
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the contributions of the Abbasid caliphs to the architectural development of the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. Those contributions began almost as early as the Abbasid caliphal government had officially emerged as the successor to the Umayyads, and ended with a major rebuilding and renovation work in 887 AH/1482 CE, about 35 years before the ultimate dissolution of the Abbasid regime. The last work was executed by the Mamluk rulers as the Abbasid proxies. The paper focuses on discussing the consequences and implications of a political disintegration during the Abbasid era for the architectural development and serviceability of the mosque. The article concludes that the Abbasid contributions to the architectural development of the Mosque were rather inadequate. The blame is to be attributed partly to the Abbasids themselves and partly to the prevalent circumstances in the state that eventually incapacitated the Abbasid government from performing its entrusted duties and responsibilities. However, even for the creation and fostering of the latter, it was again the Abbasids who more than anybody else are to be held accountable.[Artikel ini membahas peran para khalifah Abbasiyah dalam pengembangan arsitektur Masjid Nabawi di Madinah. Kontribusi mereka dimulai sejak awal pemerintahan Abbasiyah muncul sebagai penerus Umayyah dan berakhir dengan renovasi besar pada 887 H/1482 M, sekitar tiga dasawarsa menjelang berakhirnya pemerintahan Abbasiyah di Mesir. Pekerjaan terakhir dilakukan oleh penguasa Mamluk sebagai wakil Dinasti Abbasiyah. Fokus makalah ini adalah konsekuensi dan implikasi dari disintegrasi politik selama era Abbasiyah terhadap pengembangan arsitektur dan fumgsi Masjid Nabawi. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kontribusi Dinasti Abbasiyah untuk pengembangan arsitektur Masjid Nabawi kurang memadai, sebagai cerminan ketidakmampuan para khalifah Abbasiyah menjalankan peran, fungsi, dan tanggung jawabnya. Bahkan sebenarnya dalam renovasi yang terakhir pun, orang lain yang bertanggung jawab.]
Islam in Diaspora: Shari’a Law, Piety and Brotherhood at al-Farooq Mosque, Atlanta
Authors: Nasir Mohamad Abdun
Published: March 2017

This article examines Islamic ritual performance of Eid prayer amongst Muslims in Diaspora at al-Farooq Mosque in Atlanta, the US, whose congregational members come from all around the world. Using textual and ethnographical methods, this study focuses on the implementation of shari’a law concerning Islamic prayer and on the meaning and experience of the ritual that emerge amongst the participants who perform it. This study demonstrates that the Eid ritual performance has created a special meaning and particular experience. The ritual is seen as the medium through which the performers forge their piety and strengthen the spirit of brotherhood. The ritual strengthens the brotherhood of the performers, who hold different ethnical and cultural backgrounds. However, the core ritual of Eid prayer remains Islamic and is built on the Muslim Hanafi School. Shari’a law concerning prayer is upheld to maintain the basic requirement where every ritual must be based on the sound Islamic texts. This suggests that the context, namely diasporic Muslim in America, has (re)shaped the meaning of the ritual but does not change the core of the ritual practice.[Tulisan ini mengkaji praktik ritual shalat hari raya (Eid) di masjid al-Farooq Atlanta, Amerika Serikat pada kalangan muslim perantauan dari berbagai belahan dunia. Kajian ini, dengan menggunakan pendekatan tektual dan etnografi, mengamati penerapan hukum Islam dalam hal peribadatan dan pemaknaan serta pengalaman ritual diantara mereka. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa shalat hari raya memberi makna dan pengalaman khusus. Perayaan ini dilihat sebagai medium untuk menunjukkan kesalehan dan menguatkan ikatan persaudaraan sesama muslim meskipun mempunyai latar belakang etnik dan budaya yang berbeda. Meskipun demikian, inti dari ritual tersebut menunjukkan aliran mazhab Hanafi. Pelaksanaan fiqih dalam sholat Eid tetap berpegang pada Qur’an dan Hadits. Dengan kata lain, konteks geografi dan budaya yang berbeda telah membentuk makna baru namun tetap tidak merubah inti dari praktik ibadah yang bermazhab Hanafi.]
Prajurit1 kraton Yogyakarta – (nie)istniejąca armia pałacu sułtana w Yogyakarcie
Authors: Wacławek Joanna
Published: March 2017

Tekst dotyczy narodzin, formowania się oraz stopniowej redukcji armii sułtana Yogyakarty. Jej historia umożliwia prześledzenie dziejów kratonu w Yogyakarcie, od jego wyodrębnienia się w 1755 r., do czasów współczesnych, z nowej perspektywy. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona została wpływom kolonialnej zależności na liczebność i losy brygad stanowiących tę armię.
Ireneo Peral: Forty Years as Mentor
Authors: Abdellaoui Boumediene , Aguilar Juan Antonio , Barrios Begoña , Colorado Eduardo , Charro Fernando , García Azorero Jesús , Medina Maria , Merchán Susana , Montoro Luigi , Primo Ana
Published: March 2017

In this article we present a survey of the Ph.D. theses that have been completed under the advice of Ireneo Peral.Following a chronological order, we summarize the main results contained in the works of the former students of Ireneo Peral.
Modeling of the Continuous Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in Dense Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Mihajlov A. A. , Sakan N. M. , Srećković V. A. , Vitel Y.
Published: March 2017

We investigate a new modeling way for describing the continuous absorption of electromagnetic radiation in a dense partially ionized hydrogen plasma with electron densities 5·1018-1.5·1019 cm-3 and temperatures 16 000–25 000 K, in the wavelength range 300–500 nm. The results can be applied to the plasma of partially ionized layers of stellar atmospheres.
Hydrodynamic Studies of the Evolution of Recurrent, Symbiotic and Dwarf Novae: the White Dwarf Components are Growing in Mass
Authors: Starrfield S. , Timmes F. X. , Iliadis C. , Hix W. R. , Arnett W. D. , Meakin C. , Sparks W. M.
Published: March 2017

Symbiotic binaries are systems containing white dwarfs (WDs) and red giants. Symbiotic novae are those systems in which thermonuclear eruptions occur on the WD components. These are to be distinguished from events driven by accretion disk instabilities analogous to dwarf novae eruptions in cataclysmic variable outbursts. Another class of symbiotic systems are those in which the WD is extremely luminous and it seems likely that quiescent nuclear burning is ongoing on the accreting WD. A fundamental question is the secular evolution of the WD. Do the repeated outbursts or quiescent burning in these accreting systems cause the WD to gain or lose mass? If it is gaining mass, can it eventually reach the Chandrasekhar Limit and become a supernova (a SN Ia if it can hide the hydrogen and helium in the system)? In order to better understand these systems, we have begun a new study of the evolution of Thermonuclear Runaways (TNRs) in the accreted envelopes of WDs using a variety of initial WD masses, luminosities and mass accretion rates. We use our 1-D hydro code, NOVA, which includes the new convective algorithm of Arnett, Meakin and Young, the Hix and Thielemann nuclear reaction solver, the Iliadis reaction rate library, the Timmes equation of state, and the OPAL opacities. We assume a solar composition (Lodders abundance distribution) and do not allow any mixing of accreted material with core material. This assumption strongly influences our results. We report here (1) that the WD grows in mass for all simulations so that ‘steady burning’ does not occur, and (2) that only a small fraction of the accreted matter is ejected in some (but not all) simulations. We also find that the accreting systems, before thermonuclear runaway, are too cool to be seen in X-ray searches for SN Ia progenitors.
A New Approach to the Long-Term Activity Behavior of DM UMa
Authors: Taş G. , Evren S.
Published: March 2017

A long-term activity character of DM UMa (K0-1 IV-III), which is one of the most active members of the RS CVn type variables, is examined using the multicolor photometric observations which spread to the time interval between 1980 and 2009. In this work, we present a new approximation for the long-term light and color variation of DM UMa using data obtained by combining our own observations obtained in the Johnson broad-band U,B,V,R filters between the years 1997 and 2008 and data published in literature. Available light and color data were examined for the long-term and seasonal variations using PERIOD04 program. The period analysis of the V-band data reveals the period estimations of 51.2±2.8 years and 15.1±0.7 years superposed on it. The U-B, B-V and V-R colors do not show correlation with the longer period, but they show variations with a period similar to the shorter one, except for B-V color. The amplitude variation also does not exhibit any correlation with the V light and color curves. It is found that the movement of the spot minima phases in years also indicates the migration period of nearly 15 years, similar to the period derived from the analysis of the long-term photometric observations in V-band.
Der neugefundene Text eines Briefes von Maximos Katelianos: noch eine Fälschung von Karl Benedikt Hase
Authors: Medvedev Igor P.
Published: March 2017

In July 1816, answering a request of the Russian count Nikolay Petrovič Rumjanzev, Karl Benedikt Hase wrote him that the Byzantine toponym Sarat should be identified with today’s town of Sudak. Hase’s hypothesis relied on a letter by a certain Maximos Katelianos, dating to the late 13th or early 14th century, preserved - as Hase assured - in the Bibliothèque royale of Paris. In 1971, Ihor Ševčenko argued that Katelianos and his letter had been merely invented by Hase for the satisfaction of Rumjanzev’s curiosity. Actually, Hase attached an autograph copy of Katelianos’ letter to the letter he wrote to Rumjanzev, which the author of this article has recently found among the papers of Alexej Nikolaevič Olenin. In 2006 Ševčenko identified the Oratio gratiosa of John Eugenikos from Par. gr. 2075 as Hase’s direct source for composing the letter of ‘Maximos Katelianos’. The present article includes the letter in Greek with Hase’s Latin translation, accompanied by a new one into German.
The second coordinate sequence of the MP-LRS over nontrivial Galois ring of an odd characteristic
Authors: Tsypyschev Vadim N.
Published: March 2017

A Galois ring is said to be nontrivial if it is neither a field, nor a residue ring. Divisors and multiples of the minimal polynomial of the second p-adic coordinate sequence of a linear recurrent sequence of maximum period (MP LRS) over a nontrivial Galois ring of an odd characteristic are described, as well as their relation to the initial vector of the LRS. As a corollary, nontrivial upper and lower bounds for the rank of the second coordinate sequence of a MP LRS over a nontrivial Galois ring of an odd characteristic are obtained.
Multimodal existential constructions in German: Manual actions of giving as experiential substrate for grammatical and gestural patterns
Authors: Mittelberg Irene
Published: March 2017

Taking an Emergent Grammar (Hopper 1998) approach to multimodal usage events in face-to-face interaction, this paper suggests that basic scenes of experience tend to motivate entrenched patterns in both language and gesture (Fillmore 1977; Goldberg 1998; Langacker 1987). Manual actions and interactions with the material and social world, such as giving or holding, have been shown to serve as substrate for prototypical ditransitive and transitive constructions in language (Goldberg 1995). It is proposed here that they may also underpin multimodal instantiations of existential construsctions in German discourse, namely, instances of the es gibt ‘it gives’ (there is/are) construction (Newman 1998) that co-occur with schematic gestural enactments of giving or holding something. Analyses show that gestural existential markers tend to combine referential and pragmatic functions. They exhibit a muted degree of indexicality, pointing to the existence of absent or abstract discourse contents that are central to the speaker’s subjective expressivity. Furthermore, gestural existential markers show characteristics of grammaticalization processes in spoken and signed languages (Bybee 2013; Givón 1985; Haiman 1994; Hopper and Traugott 2003). A multimodal construction grammar needs to account for how linguistic constructions combine with gestural patterns into commonly used cross-modal clusters in different languages and contexts of use.
Is there a multimodal construction based on non-deicticsoin German?
Authors: Ningelgen Jana , Auer Peter
Published: March 2017

The existence of multimodal constructions is highly disputed. One of the most straightforward examples of such constructions includes deictics, among them the German manner adverbial so (‘like this’) (cf. Stukenbrock 2014a, Take the words out of my mouth: Verbal instructions as embodied practices.Journal of Pragmatics65. 80–102, 2015,Deixis in der Face-to-Face-Interaktion. Berlin, München & Boston: De Gruyter), whose deictic use requires a constellation of grammatical, prosodic and gestural as well as gaze-related features. While this multimodal construction is uncontroversial, this paper tests (and refutes) the broader claim that Germansoisregularlyaccompanied by gestures (Streeck 2002: 582, Grammars, words, and embodied meanings. On the evolution and uses ofsoandlike.Journal of Communication52(3). 581–596). We show that non-stressed, non-deicticsocan but need not be coupled with an iconic gesture and hence doesn’t qualify as a multimodal construction.
The shrug as marker of obviousness
Authors: Jehoul Annelies , Brône Geert , Feyaerts Kurt
Published: March 2017

This contribution focuses on the shrug as it is used in stance taking contexts in face-to-face conversations. The shrug qualifies as a ‘compound enactment’, in which prototypically different gestures are combined: “the eye-brows (which are being raised), the hands (which are turned so that the palms face up), the forearms (which may be lifted), and the shoulders (which are also raised). In addition, the head may be tilted” (Streeck 2009: 189. Gesturecraft. The manu-facture of meaning. Amsterdam: Benjamins). More recent studies show that instead of a head tilt, a headshake can also be a part of the shrug (Schoonjans 2014. Modalpartikeln als multimodale Konstruktionen: Eine korpusbasierte Kookkurrenzanalyse von Modalpartikeln und Gestik im Deutschen. Leuven: KU Leuven dissertation). We report on an empirical study, in which the shrug or some of its gestural components are used to express obviousness on the part of the speaker. Although our data reveal multimodal patterns in the expression of obviousness, this study singles out the gestural dimension. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 explains the methodological aspects of our study, after which Section 3 presents the formal and quantitative results, illustrated with four examples. The paper ends in Section 4 with a brief discussion of our major findings.
Plattformtechnologie für die mobile,
markerfreie Proteindetektion
Authors: Jahns Sabrina , Neustock Lars Thorben , Paulsen Moritz , Moussavi Elmira , Gerken Martina
Published: March 2017

Wir präsentieren eine Plattformtechnologie zur gleichzeitigen,
mobilen, markerfreien Detektion von mehreren Proteinen. Ein
photonischer Kristall, der mit Liganden lokal funktionalisiert ist,
dient hier als Sensor. Über ein kompaktes, Kamera-basiertes
Messsystem wird die Proteinanbindung an die Sensoroberfläche in
ein Intensitätssignal umgewandelt, über dessen Amplitude die
Proteinkonzentration bestimmt werden kann. Um das Detektionslimit
dieser Technologie weiter zu verbessern, werden hier photonische
Kristalle mit einer multiperiodischen und aperiodischen Gitterstruktur
simulativ und experimentell untersucht. Dafür werden die
Gesamtempfindlichkeit und die Resonanzgüte jeder Struktur bestimmt
und mit der bisher verwendeten monoperiodischen Struktur
verglichen. Es konnte festgestellt werde, dass sich die
Resonanzgüte von mono- über multi- bis aperiodisch deutlich
verbessert. Eine Steigerung der Gesamtempfindlichkeit konnte nicht
festgestellt werden. Jedoch konnte anhand von Analysen der
elektrischen Feldverteilung innerhalb der verschiedenen Strukturen
beobachtet werden, dass die Modenausbreitungen in den aperiodischen
Strukturen stark lokalisiert wird und die elektrische
Feldintensität in diesen „Hot-Spots“ deutlich über der
mittleren Feldintensität, die eine flächige Funktionalisierung
repräsentiert, liegt. Diese lokale Resonanzausbildung konnte zudem
bereits in ersten experimentellen Untersuchungen bestätigt
werden.