bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of antinutrients and maintenance of bioactive compounds in flour from agro-industrial residue of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.)
Authors: Barros Viviane Martins , Moreira Jane de Jesus da Silveira , Leite Neta Maria Terezinha Santos , Nunes Tatiana Pacheco , Vasvary Evelyn Horanyi Silva Costa , Narain Narendra , Wartha Elma Regina Silva de Andrade
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed at analyzing the reduction of antinutrients, preserving apparent phenolic compounds in acerola flour residue by employing drying techniques. The optimal drying conditions were then determined in the wet residue, analyzing antinutrient concentration and apparent phenolic compounds in the residue and subsequently in the acerola flour. The physicochemical characterization of the flour was carried out, determining its antioxidant activity, thereby assessing the impact of the drying process on the composition of volatile compounds. The optimal drying conditions were found for a temperature of 65ºC for 120 min, reducing water activity by 0.3 and moisture content by 13.89%, which are considered adequate conditions for flours. Carbohydrate content represented 68.72 g/100g, while proteins represented 12.55 g/100g of the centesimal composition of the flour. Significant reductions (p<0.5) of antinutrients were observed in saponins (35.9%), followed by phytates (32.8%) and condensed tannins (11.52%). Losses of 18.7% of apparent phenolic compounds were also observed. For volatile compounds, a significant loss of esters with a significant increase in alcohol content was noticed. Thermal processing reduced aroma complexity, but maintained important bioactive compounds, such as linalool and caryophyllene. In this regard, taking into account the results of the present study, the agro-industrial residue of acerola proved to be an alternative source of antioxidants with a reduced antinutritional impact and may be incorporated as an ingredient in the formulation of new food products. Moreover, this agro-industrial residue reduces the environmental impact caused by the fruit pulp processing industry.
Reflexões sobre a importância dos trabalhos de campo para os estudos em Ciências Ambientais
Authors: Rabelo João Paulo Moraes , Bonifácio Frederico Augusto Massote , Botezelli Luciana , Hayashi Carmino
Published: September 2020

Frente aos atuais problemas de exploração e degradação ambiental, não há como negar que as Ciências Ambientais ganham cada vez mais destaque nas pesquisas desenvolvidas em todo o mundo, principalmente no Brasil. As Ciências Ambientais buscam esclarecer questionamentos existentes na relação homem e natureza, desde o nível molecular até as relações que as espécies estabelecem com o meio em que se encontram inseridas. Neste sentido, o presente estudo busca estabelecer a importância dos estudos em campo na formação de novos profissionais que atuarão na área de Ciências Ambientais avaliando também o contexto de desenvolvimento e implementação da área de Ciências Ambientais no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos e publicações relacionadas ao tema central. Atividades realizadas in loco desenvolvem um papel de suma importância na formação dos estudantes e pesquisadores permitindo que estes construam uma formação dinâmica, onde teoria e prática trabalham conjuntamente na construção do conhecimento e na formação pessoal e profissional destes. Incentivar a prática de estudos de campo é fundamental no desenvolvimento de pesquisas de qualidade e significância para o país, além de impactar diretamente na construção de novas perspectivas ambientais.
Influência de diferentes quantidades de geleia real no desenvolvimento de rainhas de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Silva Rita Ednice da , Muniz Vitória Inna Mary de Sousa , Sousa Felipe Barroso de , Farias Francisco Felipe Monteiro , Felix Jânio Angelo , Nascimento José Elton de Melo , Rodrigues Paulo Michael Sousa , Alves José Everton
Published: September 2020

Objetivou-se determinar a influência da alimentação larval de rainhas de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) na aceitação de larvas transferidas, durante o tempo de desenvolvimento até a fase adulta, bem como a influência de diferentes formas de alimentação larval sob a massa corporal logo após a emergência. Para a produção de rainhas utilizou-se o método Doolitle, nas quais foram introduzidas diferentes quantidades de geleia real, conforme os tratamentos a seguir. TR (20): transferência da larva em 20μl; TR (170): Transferência da larva em 170μl e TR (20+150): Transferência da larva em 20μl com suplementação de 150μl em 72 horas após a transferência. A aceitação das larvas foi similar em todos os tratamentos, porém a prática de reaplicação de alimento nas cúpulas 72 horas após a transferência larval causou mortalidade nas larvas. O tempo de crescimento das larvas foi diferente entre todos os tratamentos (p<0,05), onde o TR (170) apresentou um desenvolvimento mais rápido. Na avaliação da massa corporal das rainhas ao emergirem, percebeu-se que TR (20) e TR (170) não diferiram entre si (p>0,05), mas ambos foram superiores ao TR (20+150) (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que transferir larvas em grande quantidade de geleia real para a produção de rainhas não influencia na aceitação das larvas transferidas, mas no tempo de desenvolvimento larval. Porém a influência no tempo de crescimento é quase inexpressiva e o fornecimento de alimento em um segundo momento para a mesma larva não é recomendado.
Corporalidade na concepção de idosos atuantes em um programa de academia pública
Authors: Miranda Fábio Batista , Galvão Ana Patrícia Fonseca Coelho , Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira da , Rodrigues Wilma Ferreira Guedes , Guimarães Andréa Carmen , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: September 2020

Objetivou-se identificar a concepção de idosos atuantes em um programa de academia pública do Rio de Janeiro quanto à corporalidade. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 18 idosos, os quais freqüentavam um programa de academia pública na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se um formulário com questões norteadoras e uma entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. Os depoimentos foram gravados, transcritos na íntegra e posteriormente categorizados. Os dados foram discutidos conforme Análise de Conteúdo. Nos depoimentos dos participantes observa-se a associação da progressão da idade cronológica com o ganho de experiência e felicidade decorrente do envolvimento pessoal e social entre entes queridos. A percepção do processo senil ainda é manifestada por meio da preocupação na conservação física quanto aos traços fisiológicos do envelhecimento (cabelos grisalhos, rugas e flacidez). A manutenção da saúde psicológica contribui para a vitalidade e o envelhecimento saudável. Estes fatores, quando bem trabalhados, repercutirem positivamente no processo. A autonomia ligada ao corpo por meio do exercício físico contribuiu na satisfação dos idosos o qual colabora para a saúde no processo de envelhecimento. Os participantes salientam portar doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tal como a hipertensão arterial, cujo qual a manutenção é feita por meio de atividade física, de modo a contribuir, assim, com o aumento da expectativa de vida. Sendo assim, os idosos desse estudo apresentaram uma percepção dinâmica quanto à corporalidade associada ao processo de envelhecimento, bem como aos seus benefícios e fatores atenuantes.
Impact of land use in areas of buffer zone around Cicuta’s Forest, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Vasconcellos Adriana de , Santos Fabiana Soares dos , Freitas Welington Kiffer de , Resende Alexander Silva de
Published: September 2020

Anthropic actions have caused the degradation of Brazilian soils, especially due to reduced forest cover. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil attributes in areas under different forms of land use, located in the buffer zone of the Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE) Cicuta Forest, middle Paraiba do Sul Valley, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eight plots (10m × 12.5m) were installed in three different forms of land use (degraded pasture area; reforestation area with native species; and a fragment of a forest area) for evaluation of chemical and biological parameters. Although the fragment of a forest area presents a greater homogeneity regarding the nitrogen, polyphenols, humidity, and pH parameters, which shows greater environmental stability in this area, the microbiological parameters showed that there is a low activity, which might be indicative of a degraded environment, probably due to the small size of the forest fragment present in the buffer zone of the Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE) Cicuta Forest.
Uso de bioindicadoras vegetais para identificação de resíduos de herbicidas no solo
Authors: Duque Tayna Sousa , Maciel Josiane Costa , Santos José Barbosa dos , Ferreira Evander Alves , Souza Josiely Borges de
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho foi elaborado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico. Foram consultados trabalhos científicos (artigos, teses e dissertações) publicados entre os anos de 1988 e 2020, que continham dados sobre a utilização da técnica de bioensaio. O bioensaio é utilizado para determinar a existência de resíduos de herbicidas no solo. Em sua realização são empregadas espécies sensíveis ao herbicida (bioindicadoras). Para ser considerada bioindicadora, a espécie vegetal deve ter sensibilidade ao herbicida estudado, apresentando intoxicação e redução em características físicas ou fisiológicas. Além disso, a sensibilidade deve aumentar segundo o aumento de resíduos no solo. Devido ao mecanismo de ação e sorção do herbicida, cada composto apresenta espécies bioindicadoras ideais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar na literatura espécies bioindicadoras de herbicidas residuais, em função da textura do solo e variável analisada. Traz um enfoque generalista das espécies cuja sensibilidade aos herbicidas foi comprovada experimentalmente, permitindo a consulta da bioindicadora ideal para cada composto. Na literatura foi verificado que as espécies Cucumis sativus e Sorghum bicolor são as mais utilizadas como bioindicadoras e os herbicidas atrazine e sulfentrazone os mais relatados.
Socioeconomic aspects of producers of artisanal sweets in the ‘Baixada Cuiabana’ lowland region of Mato Grosso
Authors: Elias Neto Nicolau , Procópio Diego Pierotti , Mendes Felipe Henrique de Sousa , Silva Aparecida Pereira da
Published: September 2020

The production of sweets and similar sugarcane products is an activity performed by smallholder farmers from Acorizal, Cuiabá, Jangada, Nossa Senhora do Livramento, and Santo Antônio do Leverger, in Mato Grosso. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the socioeconomic and productive aspects of rural producers (individuals and/or families) that work with the production of sweets and sugarcane derivatives in municipalities of the ‘Baixada Cuiabana’ region.  145 questionnaires were applied to rural producers in the period from March 2019 to January 2020. Among the main results, it was verified that the predominant profile is of rural producers with a low education level, with properties with a size smaller than a fiscal module (the size varies for each municipality), without DAP possession and/or access to sectorial public policies, such as PRONAF and ATER services. Furthermore, the main income source of the interviewees was the production of sweets and similar sugarcane-derived products, and the financial gain of most individuals was up to a minimum wage. Therefore, it is verified that the low education level and the absence of technical orientation might be conditioning for the permanence of farmers in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability.
Análise epidemiológica da insuficiência renal crônica no Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Vaz Davis Wilker Nascimento , Trindade Karina de Nazaré Virgolino , Evangelista Hannah Imbelloni , Eismann Fernanda Carolina Pereira , Santos Filho Luiz Carlos Castro dos , Silva Juliane Bernardes da
Published: September 2020

Definida como a incapacidade de os rins exercerem as suas funções básicas, a Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade no mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com IRC, no Estado do Amazonas, durante o período de 2015 a 2019. Caracteriza-se por ser um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, do tipo ecológico. Os dados foram coletados a partir das informações derivadas do SIH/DATASUS. Dispuseram-se como variáveis epidemiológicas analisadas: número de internações, gênero, etnia, faixa etária e o número de óbitos. O estudo identificou um crescente número de internações por IRC nos 5 anos analisados, sendo de 766, 881, 910, 1351 e 1657 nos anos 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido, com 56% das internações e a cor mais prevalente foi a parda, responsável por 82,03% dos casos. A maioria dos pacientes tinha 50 anos ou mais. Notou-se um aumento anual do número de óbitos por IRC no período analisado. O ano com o maior número de mortes foi 2019, com um total de 244 óbitos. Por conseguinte, é imprescindível a ampliação do acesso ao tratamento dos pacientes com IRC, principalmente dos que habitam nas localidades mais afastadas dos grandes centros urbanos da região norte, de modo a melhorar o controle da doença, prevenir complicações e por conseguinte, diminuir a morbimortalidade associada à IRC.
Revista Vozes de Petrópolis enquanto memória dos Franciscanos na educação brasileira: por entre leituras e impressos escolares (1907-2003)
Authors: Gilz Claudino , Souza Cleonice Aparecida de
Published: September 2020

Nesse artigo focalizamos a revista Vozes de Petrópolis, publicada entre 1907 e 2003, uma das fontes primárias da linha de pesquisa Rastros: patrimônio cultural franciscano e educação. Tem como objetivo analisar e disseminar o potencial de uma fonte primária, editada pelos Franciscanos, às pesquisas sobre a memória da presença desses religiosos na história da educação brasileira. No primeiro parágrafo do fascículo que inaugurou as publicações da revista Vozes de Petrópolis em julho de 1907 flagramos aspectos basilares da presente pesquisa. Aspectos basilares inerentes ao modo como a revista Vozes de Petrópolis foi por entre leituras e impressos escolares, um dos objetos de investigação a respeito da memória dos Franciscanos na educação brasileira. Com foco no impacto e na relevância, seja social, econômica, regional ou nacional, a pesquisa privilegia, por meio da revista Vozes de Petrópolis, as memórias dos Franciscanos na educação brasileira, assim como a proposta de uma leitura civilizadora e de cunho moral proposta ao público. Em face a isso, dialogamos com Thompson (1998) que propõe um método de produção do conhecimento histórico. Situamos também a revista Vozes de Petrópolis no esteio das contribuições histórico-sociais de Benjamin (2012), da história da leitura com Chartier (1990 e 2002) e de Darnton (1992 e 2010), da presença dos Franciscanos na história da educação brasileira com Röwer (1947) e Sinzig (1910), entre outros. Os resultados atentam para algumas das estratégias editoriais encampadas pelos Franciscanos a contrapelo de produções literárias e escolares não alinhadas às prerrogativas da Igreja Católica do período.
Analysis of the chemical profile of cerrado pear fixed compounds by mass spectrometry with paper spray and volatile ionization by SPME-HS CG-MS
Authors: Xavier Mariano Ana Paula , Coeli Cruz Ramos Ana Luiza , Augusti Rodinei , Linhares Bello Araújo Raquel , Onésio Ferreira Melo Júlio
Published: September 2020

Eugenia klotzschiana Berg is a native fruit of the cerrado, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, known as the cerrado pear and very little explored. The present study's objective was to obtain the profile of the fixed and volatile chemical constituents of the fruit. Mass spectrometry with ambient ionization paper spray (PS-MS) was used in positive and negative mode for fixed compounds. For volatiles, solid-phase microextraction by head space and gas chromatography was employed. The PS-MS identified 31 compounds, 21 in the negative and 10 in the positive mode, including fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and sugars. The solid-phase microextraction method was used in head space mode, using the polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber to extract volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The volatiles detected totaled 11 substances, belonging to the class of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and esters. PS-MS was capable and efficient in determining the fixed compounds present in the cerrado pear pulp, providing the chemical profile of the fruit, which contains essential compounds with potential antioxidant bioactivity. The volatile profile was obtained with success, indicating menthol, fruity and vanilla notes in the pulp of the cerrado pear.
A auriculoterapia no controle do estresse da equipe de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Andrade Priscila Cristina da Silva Thiengo de , Andrade Carolina Neves Dias de , Fernandes Letícia Fonseca Gaspar , Mouta Ricardo José Oliveira , Risi Lisandra Rodrigues , Souto Brenda Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o conteúdo encontrado em pesquisas científicas brasileiras sobre o uso da acupuntura auricular no controle do estresse da equipe de enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: Utilizou-se os pressupostos da revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE, utilizando os descritores “acupuntura”, auriculoterapia” and “enfermagem”, contou-se com artigos publicados a partir de ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, com texto completo disponível online. Foram encontrados 11 artigos e destes, selecionados 05 que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: A partir do estudo das publicações levantadas, foi possível construir uma tabela  e classificar os resultados das publicações em categorias: Técnica e pontos auriculares utilizados no controle do estresse; Diferença nos resultados entre grupos; Auriculoterapia para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: A contribuição do estudo se dá a partir da evidência da redução do estresse, da promoção da saúde e da prevenção de adoecimento com o uso da auriculoterapia na equipe de enfermagem.
Variação e divergência entre Snappers (Lutjaninae – Perciformes) do Atlântico sul ocidental: região controle mitocondrial para diagnose de pressão pesqueira ou novo Barcode para peixes?
Authors: Evangelista-Gomes Grazielle , Oliveira Joiciane , Miranda Josy , Lutz Ítalo , Veneza Ivana , Da Silva Raimundo , Silva Danillo , Martins Kely , Sampaio Iracilda
Published: September 2020

Snappers, como os Lutjanidae são conhecidos, estão amplamente distribuídos ao longo do Atlântico Ocidental, especialmente espécies do gênero Lutjanus, o mais abundante para esta região. Representam importantes recursos pesqueiros, sendo bastante capturados pela pesca comercial. Para a costa do Brasil, Atlântico Sul Ocidental, as espécies mais capturadas são L. purpureus, L. analis, L. synagris, O. chrysurus e o L. vivanus. Este último é comumente capturado em conjunto com o pargo L. purpureus. O objetivo do trabalho foi reunir dados da Região Controle mitocondrial para essas cinco espécies a fim de discutir aspectos da estrutura genética de suas populações e testar sua eficiência como marcador espécie-específico. Analisamos uma região de 390 pb da porção 5’ para 827 snappers, sendo 107 da espécie L. analis, 240 de L. purpureus, 272 de L. synagris, 56 de L. vivanus e 152 de O. chrysurus. Observamos diferentes níveis de diversidade genética para as cinco espécies, além do intenso compartilhamento de haplótipos em cada uma, sugerindo ampla conectividade genética para a costa do Brasil. Acreditamos que os diferentes padrões de variação observados estão relacionados a história evolutiva das espécies, aliados as peculiaridades bioecológicas de cada uma, sendo um produto de eventos históricos. Por isso, acreditamos que a RC é bastante adequada para a detecção de perda de diversidade resultante de gargalos populacionais históricos, não sendo adequada para a diagnose de sobrepesca. Além disso, comprovamos sua utilidade como marcador espécie-específico, representando uma nova possibilidade de Barcode para Lutjanidae.
Cormorants have negligible seascape-scale impacts on benthic vegetation communities
Authors: Gagnon K , Virtanen EA , Rusanen P , Nurmi M , Viitasalo M , Jormalainen V
Published: September 2020

Great cormorantPhalacrocorax carbo sinensispopulations in the Baltic Sea have rapidly expanded since the 1990s, raising concerns about their ecosystem impacts. Nutrient runoff from colonies, as well as cormorant predation on fish, can affect surrounding producer communities. Past studies have found cormorant impacts on producers in the immediate vicinity of colonies, but the importance of cormorants over a larger spatial scale is unknown, especially compared to other environmental variables. We used an extensive underwater vegetation inventory dataset (~18000 data points along the Finnish coast) to determine the effects of cormorant colonies on macroalgae and plants. We compared community structure and species abundance/occurrence in near-colony (<5 km from a colony) and control (>10 km from a colony) points, and determined the importance of cormorant influence (using an index incorporating colony size and distance from the colony) in near-colony sites. We found no significant differences in community structure between near-colony and control points in most habitats, and adding the cormorant index only infinitesimally improved statistical models after incorporating other environmental factors. However, the abundance of several species did differ; in particular, the foundation species bladderwrackFucus vesiculosusand eelgrassZostera marinawere either less likely to occur in near-colony points or were negatively correlated with cormorant index, possibly due to the effects of nutrient enrichment from colonies. Our findings confirm that cormorants can have effects on some producer species, but highlight that these effects are negligible when taking into account the scale and magnitude of other bottom-up and top-down processes occurring in the Baltic Sea.
Biomass and species richness relationships in macroalgal communities that span intertidal and subtidal zones
Authors: Twist BA , Kluibenschedl A , Pritchard D , Desmond MJ , D’Archino R , Nelson WA , Hepburn CD
Published: September 2020

Investigations of the strong environmental gradients within intertidal and subtidal rocky reefs have contributed significantly to our understanding of ecological processes, but studies exploring how algal community structure responds to the extreme environmental transition of the intertidal-subtidal interface are rare. Our objective was to examine patterns in macroalgal distribution and species richness with depth on temperate rocky reefs. Standing algal biomass and richness were measured on 6 representative reefs in southern New Zealand, across 5 depth strata from the high intertidal zone, 1.5 m above mean low water (MLW), to the subtidal zone, 10 m below MLW. We found a unimodal relationship between algal richness and biomass across the depths, where maximum species richness occurred at intermediate levels of biomass. These results are consistent with many terrestrial plant studies across strong environmental gradients. Biomass decreased down the shoreline, with the exception of the high intertidal where the lowest biomass was recorded, whilst species richness increased down the shoreline. Additionally, strong patterns of dominance were observed, with a single species (not always the same species) contributing >56% of the total biomass across all depth strata examined. This dominance could have important implications for ecosystem provisioning across this system, particularly if dominant species are found to be vulnerable to the impacts of local and/or global change. The strong environmental gradients that characterise the intertidal-subtidal transition on rocky reefs over relatively small and experimentally tractable spatial scales enable opportunities to further advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the distribution of biodiversity.
Low male production at the world’s largest green turtle rookery
Authors: Booth DT , Dunstan A , Bell I , Reina R , Tedeschi J
Published: September 2020

Because the sex of all sea turtle hatchlings is determined by incubation temperature, with low temperatures producing mainly males and high temperatures producing mainly females, sea turtle populations worldwide are threatened by feminization of hatchlings due to increases in global temperature. Data obtained by laparoscopic sexing of immature individuals captured from a major feeding ground indicates that over several decades there has been little recruitment of males into the northern Great Barrier Reef (nGBR) green turtle Chelonia mydas population, one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world. Over 2 nesting seasons, we measured nest temperatures at Raine Island, the most important nesting site for this nGBR population, and predicted that almost all nests would have produced all female hatchlings. The few nests that produced some male hatchlings were constructed at the very end of the nesting season, and these nests had the lowest hatching success. Taking into account monthly variations in nest construction, hatching success, and hatchling sex ratio, we estimate that over an entire nesting season only 0.7% of hatchlings produced are male. Hence, we conclude that the nGBR population of green turtles has likely recruited very few males in recent years.
Disordered Violence
Authors: Gentry Caron
Published: September 2020

Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore countered. As an alternative, this book demonstrates that gender, racial, and heteronormative structures that determine hierarchies between states and non-states, forms of violence, and different people are behind how the West approaches terrorism. Drawing upon an intersectional and post-structural feminist critique, Disordered Violence interrogates the persistence of the ‘definition debate’ within Terrorism Studies, arguing that it will never be resolved until a better grasp of gender, race, and heteronormativity are achieved. The empirical chapters look at how these structures work in the profiles of different known ‘terrorists;’ makes a clear connection between the discourse of radicalisation and the racialisation of violence and rationality; and introduces the concept of misogynistic terrorism.
Dreaming of Freedom in South Africa
Authors: Johnson David
Published: September 2020

Dreaming of Freedom in South Africa examines for the first time the many different texts imagining the future after the end of apartheid. Focused on well-known and obscure literary texts from the 1880s to the 1970s, as well as the many manifestos and programmes setting out visions of the future, this book charts the dreams of freedom of five major traditions of anti-colonial and anti-apartheid resistance: the African National Congress (ANC), the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU), the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) and the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC). The works of a number of South African literary figures are discussed, including Olive Schreiner, S. E. K. Mqhayi, Alan Paton, Karel Schoeman, Jordan Ngubane, Winnifred Holtby, Ethelreda Lewis, Dora Taylor, Livingstone Mqotsi, Peter Abrahams, Richard Rive, Lauretta Ngcobo and Bessie Head. Political thinkers analysed include Nelson Mandela, R. F. A. Hoernlé, Albert Luthuli, Clements Kadalie, A. W. G. Champion, Edward Roux, James La Guma, Alfred Nzula, I. B. Tabata, Ben Kies, Anton Lembede, A. P. Mda and Robert Sobukwe. The theoretical dimensions of the study are orientated in relation to major Marxist critics of utopianism like Marx, Friedrich Engels, Leon Trotsky and Ernst Bloch, as well as to thinkers like Hannah Arendt, Immanuel Wallerstein, James C. Scott and Jay Winter. More than an exercise in historical excavation, Dreaming of Freedom in South Africa raises challenging questions for the post-apartheid present.
Anti-Stalinist Dreams of Freedom
Authors: Johnson David
Published: September 2020

The alternative South African Marxist tradition derived from Trotsky’s critique of Stalinism and centred in the NEUM from the 1940s to 1960s is the focus of analysis. The South African adaptations of Trotsky’s fusion of critique and utopia in political discourse that are examined include: the writings of I. B. Tabata, Ben Kies, Goolam Gool and Baruch Hirson; the NEUM’s Ten-Point Programme of 1943; and the political journalism in publications loosely affiliated to the NEUM and the New Era Fellowship like Torch, The Bulletin and Discussion. The literary culture associated with the NEUM is discussed both by tracing the influence of the ideas of Marx, Trotsky and Brecht on South Africa’s counter-public sphere, and by analysing the literary-cultural writings of Dora Taylor (her poems, short stories, novels and book reviews); A. C. Jordan’s literary criticism and animal fables; Ben Kies’s newspaper columns; Neville Alexander’s letters; Livingstone Mqotsi’s novel House of Bondage (1990); and the widespread use of literary quotations in political speeches by NEUM leaders, including Tabata, Kies, Leo Sihlali and Goolam Gool.
Voices of Consent: Imperial Rhetoricians, Theatra and Patronage
Authors: Leonte Florin
Published: September 2020

The chapter argues that, unlike the ecclesiastics, the rhetoricians maintained the idea of the ruler’s omnipotence. To a certain extent, their attachment to Manuel II Palaiologos and to the imperial absolutist idea can be correlated with their individual immediate concerns: the emperor was still one of the major patrons of literary activities and could also provide positions at court or other benefits deriving from his largesse. Remarkably, most of the rhetoricians’ texts added to the standard set of imperial virtues one particular image: the emperor as eloquent rhetorician and educator of both his son and his subjects. By stressing the pedagogical and the rhetorical dimension of the imperial persona, these rhetoricians reworked the old idea of the philosopher-king into an idea of emperor-rhetorician who acted as a teacher in a quest to improve his governing. Finally, their intense activity in promoting the emperor is indicative of the emperor’s efforts to cultivate court-rhetorical activities, a situation which contrasted with his father’s, John V’s, approach.
Introduction to Part II
Authors: Leonte Florin
Published: September 2020

The previous chapters revealed information about the social and intellectual milieu in which the emperor tried to articulate a new political voice. In the following chapters, I offer an analysis of the strategies the emperor used in the construction of his messages identifiable in four major political texts which arose from Manuel’s preoccupation with the internal and external affairs of the empire: the ...
Cinema’s ‘Primitive Beauty’: Pedro Costa’s Artistic Formation and the Making of Blood (1989)
Authors: Barradas Jorge Nuno
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses Pedro Costa’s personal and professional development during the 1970s and 1980s. The discussion offered here concerns how formative experiences came to inform aesthetic preoccupations displayed in his directorial debut, Blood (1989), as well as to reflect industrial, social and cultural contexts of the film’s production. Costa’s personal and professional development was shaped by Lisbon’s youth cultures enjoying political freedoms and cultural openness resulting from the Revolution of 25 April 1974. The making of Blood reflects such historical characteristics, while also exemplifying the constraints shaping Portuguese cinema at the time. This first chapter also examines the initial domestic reception of the film, providing further context to Costa’s role as an emerging filmmaker.
Negotiating Filmmaking: Adaptation, Location and Docufiction
Authors: Barradas Jorge Nuno
Published: September 2020

Chapter 2 contextualises Pedro Costa’s transition from a young director working within the constraints of Portuguese national cinema to an emergent European filmmaker enjoying a more efficient and substantial co-production framework. It traces Costa’s authorship and production processes of Casa de Lava (1994) and Bones (1997). It highlights two main aspects that became present inCosta’s oeuvre. The first is the evolution from an authorial process shaped bycinephilia-informed influences to a form of creative practice which, while stillconsidering these influences, becomes increasingly attentive to the social andpolitical contexts present at the shooting locations of both films. Reflecting thischaracteristic, the second aspect concerns the increasingly tense relationship between creative practice and the means of production sustaining the making of these two films.
Digital Filmmaking at the Interstices
Authors: Barradas Jorge Nuno
Published: September 2020

This chapter offers a comprehensive discussion of the making of In Vanda’s Room (2000). It contextualises Pedro Costa’s use of digital video to sustain a low-budget shooting process that merges personal and professional agency. This filmcan surely be considered the filmmaker’s most radical approach to filmmaking, particularly with regards to its shooting process. Unsurprisingly, it is commonly analysed as the result of a personal endeavour which privileges creative independence and artisanal practices steering away from film industry norms. As this chapter explains, however, the film is as much a result of a low scale digital video artisanal practice as it is of production negotiations commonly observed in European film co-productions. Examining this interstitial quality, this chapter offers a fresh insight into the making of In Vanda’s Room by also scrutinising its finance and post-production processes, overlooked in previous academic and non-academic literature about the film.
Making War on Bodies: Militarisation, Aesthetics and Embodiment in International Politics
Authors: Baker Catherine
Published: September 2020

This introduction reviews debates about ‘militarisation’ in the disciplines which have contributed to Critical Military Studies (including history, geography, sociology and International Relations) and explains the ‘aesthetic’ and ‘embodied’ turns that this volume shows how to synthesise. To study militarisation, aesthetics and embodiment together, it argues, involves studying combinations of how things are sensed and how bodies experience them, across contexts related to the military and its place in wider society: the complex and contradictory affective interplay of aesthetics and embodiment, which feminist approaches have been particularly fruitful for theorising, informs what we know about militarisation today. However, the very concept of ‘militarisation’ makes assumptions about normal relationships between the state, the public and violence which may not be transhistorically or even globally applicable, especially where state violence has been inherent to enforcing systems of racial oppression.
Introduction
Authors: al-Azmeh Aziz
Published: September 2020

The Arabs entered modernity with the entry of the modern world – soldiers, merchants, diplomats, and capitalism – into Arab lands. Modern history removed Arabs from the cultural and civilisational continuity that they came to think had persisted for centuries, and impelled them to changes and breakthroughs in all domains of society, culture, and political structures. These changes traversed these domains and sectors, provoking new developments unevenly, articulated by a structural connection between the Arabs and world history with its centre first in Europe, and then the Atlantic, and finally in the Atlantic and East Asia, with a dispersed geographical centre uniting the world into the single temporal unit of today’s advanced capitalism....
Compound Calques in an Eighteenth-Century German-Lithuanian Dictionary
Authors: Stundžia Bonifacas
Published: September 2020

This chapter presents research on the Lithuanian determinative, possessive, and verbal governing compound calques that were patterned on the German compounds encountered in the manuscript of the 18th c. German-Lithuanian dictionary by Jacob Brodowski from East Prussia (Lithuania Minor). The author distinguishes between absolute compound calques (i.e. item-by-item copies of donor language compounds, including both the pattern of a compound and the semantics of its members) and non-absolute (or creative) compound calques that have differences in the semantics of one member, in the pattern of the compound, or in both. The analysis also encompasses the overall characteristics of the Lithuanian compounds and their German equivalents as well as the integration of compound calques into the word formation system of Lithuanian.
Examining the Integration of Borrowed Nouns in Immigrant Speech: The Case of Canadian Greek
Authors: Ralli Angela , Makri Vasiliki
Published: September 2020

The chapter examines borrowing and integration of nouns in the language spoken by Greek immigrants in Canada, where English is the donor language and Greek the recipient. It deals with the questions whether the typological distance between the English and the Greek, where the former is analytic and the latter fusional is an inhibitor for borrowing and whether the types of integration can be attributed to specific properties of the languages in contact. It argues that phonological, morphological and semantic factors are at work throughout the process of adopting and integrating English nouns, but morphological constraints have the most prominent role. More specifically, it shows the mandatory alignment to the fundamental Greek properties of inflection and gender assignment, which caters for the accommodation of loan nouns in Canadian Greek by assigning them specific gender values, and an unequivocal preference for particular inflection classes, the ones most productively used in Greek. The data are drawn from both written and oral sources, the latter being recorded interviews with spontaneous Greek immigrant speech from the provinces of Québec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia.
Gilles Deleuze's Luminous Philosophy
Authors: Berressem Hanjo
Published: September 2020

Providing a comprehensive reading of Deleuzian philosophy, Gilles Deleuze’s Luminous Philosophy argues that this philosophy’s most consistent conceptual spine and figure of thought is its inherent luminism. When Deleuze notes in Cinema 1 that ‘the plane of immanence is entirely made up of light’, he ties this philosophical luminism directly to the notion of the complementarity of the photon in its aspects of both particle and wave. Engaging, in chronological order, the whole body and range of Deleuze’s and Deleuze and Guattari’s writing, the book traces the ‘line of light’ that runs through Deleuze’s work, and it considers the implications of Deleuze’s luminism for the fields of literary studies, historical studies, the visual arts and cinema studies. It contours Deleuze’s luminism both against recent studies that promote a ‘dark Deleuze’ and against the prevalent view that Deleuzian philosophy is a philosophy of difference. Instead, it argues, it is a philosophy of the complementarity of difference and diversity, considered as two reciprocally determining fields that are, in Deleuze’s view, formally distinct but ontologically one. The book, which is the companion volume toFélix Guattari’s Schizoanalytic Ecology, argues that the ‘real projective plane’ is the ‘surface of thought’ of Deleuze’s philosophical luminism.
Felix Guattari's Schizoanalytic Ecology
Authors: Berressem Hanjo
Published: September 2020

Félix Guattari’s Schizoanalytic Ecology argues that Guattari’s ecosophy, which it regards as a ‘schizoanalytic ecology’ or ‘schizoecology’ for short, is the most consistent conceptual spine of Guattari’s oeuvre. Engaging with the whole spectrum and range of Guattari’s, as well as Guattari and Deleuze’s works, it maintains that underneath Guattari’s staccato style, his hectic speeds and his conceptual acrobatics, lie a number of insistent questions and demands. How to make life on this planet better, more liveable, more in tune with and adequate to the planet’s functioning? How to do this without false romanticism or nostalgia? At the conceptual centre of the book lies the first comprehensive and in-depth analysis and explication of the diagrammatic meta-model that Guattari develops in his book Schizoanalytic Cartographies, his magnum opus and conceptual legacy. It is here that Guattari develops, in an extremely formalized manner, the schizoecological complementarity of what he calls ‘the given’ (the world) and of ‘the giving’ (the world’s creatures). After considering the implications of schizoecology for the fields of literature, the visual arts, architecture, and research, this book, which is the companion volume to Gilles Deleuze’s Luminous Philosophy, culminates in readings of Guattari’s explicitly ecological texts The Three Ecologies and Chaosmosis.
Martineau, the Press and Jacksonian America
Authors: Crawford Iain
Published: September 2020

Chapter Two considers Martineau’s American visit, the ways in which the three books she wrote out of it depict the role of education and a free press in the formation of American democracy, and the critical reception they received on both sides of the Atlantic. By contrast with the dichotomous readings of a nation divided between North and South along the lines of slave-ownership that have been the norm in studies of her visit, this chapter argues that the American books offer a more nuanced analysis of a society whose regional variations are most fully understood in terms of the extent to which they either have developed or constrained the development of a free press and a print culture that facilitates the evolution and implementation of liberal ideals. It pays particular attention to Martineau’s representation of the western states and, above all, Cincinnati, which she portrays as an exemplar of economic and moral stadial progress and as a counter to Boston, for her the ‘city of cant’ and an unexpected bastion of resistance to liberal change. Finally, the chapter shows how Martineau returned home committed to finding ways in which her work could participate in and contribute to America’s continuing advance and, in particular, focused upon prospective roles for herself in supporting the interwoven causes of abolitionism and of women’s ability to become agents of social progress.
The Factory Controversy: ‘What I dread is being silenced’
Authors: Crawford Iain
Published: September 2020

Chapter Six examines the dispute that brought an end to all direct connection between Martineau and Dickens and rewrites the established narrative of the quarrel. It argues for a reading of the dispute that shifts away from a focus on Hard Times and locates it, instead, simultaneously in the local disordered contingencies of the two authors’ lives in 1855-56 and, more fundamentally, in their differences over the formation of a modern liberal state and the ways in which print and the press could contribute to its development. The chapter also demonstrates how deeply embedded the quarrel was within the networks of mid-century journalism as the two combatants drew into their dispute friends and colleagues both of them had long known and with whom both had worked extensively. Framing this analysis with discussion of Martineau’s first and final contributions to Household Words, both of which draw upon American subjects, the chapter shows that a bitter dispute that appeared so unlikely at the time it occurred was, in fact, the almost inevitable expression of Martineau and Dickens’s fundamentally incompatible versions of liberalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Fishman Louis A.
Published: September 2020

Tracing the roots of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict is a daunting task as nationalist narratives have obscured real historical origins. This book has sought to offer a new interpretation of the first years of the conflict and presents a new context in which to understand it by going back to the late Ottoman era. This starting point is crucial to understanding how the conflict later developed into a full-fledged clash between two national movements during the British Mandate and the subsequent 1947–8 war. This book has clearly shown that the Jewish population in Ottoman Palestine was able to become a dominant force even before the Balfour Declaration, something that was accomplished within the Ottoman system....
Ensemblance
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: September 2020

This book provides the first ever transnational and longue-durée intellectual history of a highly influential but largely understudied modern phrase: esprit de corps. A strong attachment and dedication among the members of a community of practice or a body politic, esprit de corps can be perceived as beneficial (collective élan) or detrimental (groupthink).
As a polemical argumentative signifier, esprit de corps has played a significant role in the cultural and political history of the last 300 years: the idea was influential and debated during the European secularisation of education in the eighteenth-century, during the French Revolution, during the United States process of Independence, and the French Empire. It was praised by British colonialists, French sociologists, and during the World Wars. It was instrumental during the rise of administrative nation-states and the triumph of corporate capitalism. ‘Esprit de corps’ is today a keyword in nationalist and managerial discourses.
Born in eighteenth-century France in military as well as political discourse, the phrase and its implications were over the centuries an important matter of debate for major thinkers and politicians: d’Alembert, Voltaire, Rousseau, Lord Chesterfield, Bentham, the Founding Fathers, Sieyès, Mirabeau, British MPs, Napoleon, Hegel, Tocqueville, Durkheim, Waldeck-Rousseau, de Gaulle, Orwell, Bourdieu, Deleuze & Guattari, etc. For some of them, esprit de corps is the very engine of History.
In the end, this book a cautionary analysis of past and current ideologies of ultra-unified human ensembles, a recurrent historical and theoretical fabulation the author calls ensemblance.
Introduction: A Thousand Platoons – The Enduring Importance of Esprit de Corps
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: September 2020

The French use of ‘esprit de corps’ is often political and suggests a form of cognitive uniform generated by a more or less conscious adherence to a collective body. However, the phrase is more used today in English than in French because it has gained in the former language a general and often uncritical meaning (signifying more or less team spirit). This chapter gives contemporary examples that demonstrate the ubiquity of ‘esprit de corps’ in today’s global discourses, for example political (Brexit, Trump) or managerial (team spirit). It briefly analyses the rare literature on the matter, explains the systematic and exhaustive method followed in this book (‘histosophy’), and explains why a longue-durée genealogical and transnational approach was chosen and how this was possible thanks to digital archives and primary sources.