bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les DÃ©terminants De La Proliferation Des ActivitÃ©s Ã‰conomiques Informelles Sur Le Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua Et Leur Impact Sur Lâ€™environnement Dans La Commune Dâ€™adjame (Cote Dâ€™ivoire)
Authors: Boka Abeto Constance , Guissa Desmos Francis Dakouri , Drissa Ouattara , Lucien Yao
Published: December 2021

La commune dâ€™AdjamÃ© forte de sa position au centre de la ville dâ€™Abidjan et plaque tournante de lâ€™Ã©conomie ivoirienne est aujourdâ€™hui, un espace dâ€™Ã©change national, voire sous rÃ©gional. Ce rÃ´le quâ€™assure AdjamÃ© fait, du boulevard Nangui Abrogoua un espace oÃ¹ la prolifÃ©ration dâ€™activitÃ©s Ã©conomiques informelles est de mise. La prÃ©sente Ã©tude a pour objectif de mettre en Ã©vidence les dÃ©terminants de la prolifÃ©ration des activitÃ©s Ã©conomiques informelles sur ce boulevard et leur consÃ©quence sur lâ€™environnement. La mÃ©thodologie utilisÃ©e combine la recherche bibliographique, une enquÃªte de terrain et des entretiens. Les rÃ©sultats obtenus indiquent que la maximisation du gain, la facilitÃ© dâ€™accÃ¨s au boulevard, lâ€™Ã©chec des opÃ©rations de dÃ©guerpissement et la politique de Â« laisser-faire Â» sont autant de facteurs qui expliquent la prolifÃ©ration des activitÃ©s Ã©conomiques informelles sur le boulevard Nangui Abrogoua. Par ailleurs, ces activitÃ©s pratiquÃ©es sur ce boulevard sont source dâ€™insalubritÃ©, de dÃ©sordre spatial et des embouteillages permanents.
The town of AdjamÃ©, with its strong position in the center of the city of Abidjan and the hub of the Ivorian economy, is today a space for national and even sub-regional exchange. This role played by AdjamÃ© makes Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua a space where the proliferation of informal economic activities is in order. This paper focuses on highlighting the determinants of the proliferation of informal economic activities on this boulevard and their impact on the environment. The methodology used combines bibliographical research, a field survey and interviews. The results obtained indicate that maximization of profit, ease of access to the boulevard, the failure of eviction operations, and the "laissez-faire" policy are all factors that explain the proliferation of informal economic activities on Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua. Moreover, these activities practiced on this boulevard serve as a source of insalubrity, spatial disorder, and permanent traffic jams.
Perception of Individualized Care and Satisfaction With Nursing Care of Women Who Give Birth by Cesarean Section
Authors: YILDIZ Ezgi , TUĞUT Nilüfer
Published: December 2021

Objective: This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to determine the perception of individualized care and satisfaction with the nursing of women who underwent cesarean section.Methods: The population of this study consists of women undergoing cesarean section in a university hospital between 15 August and 15 December 2018 (N=260). The sample consists of 156 women giving birth by cesarean section who have agreed to participate in this study. The data have been collected by using the Personal Information Form and the Individualized Care Scale (ICS) and the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS). Results: It has been found that the women who gave birth by cesarean section have good ICSA (3.50±0.99), ICSB (3.82±1.18), and NSNS (70.53±16.27) mean scores. There is a significant, positive, and moderate relationship between the ICS and NSNS scores. It has been found that there is a statistically significant difference between the place of residence and the level of satisfaction with nursing. It has been determined that the women whose income is higher than their expenses are more satisfied with nursing care, and their individualized care perception is higher.Conclusion: It has been determined that women who gave birth by cesarean section have a good level of individualized care perception and nursing satisfaction. It has been found that women’s satisfaction with nursing increases.
Implementation of nagari expansion policy in Nagari Preparation for Koto Gadang Jaya, Kinali District, West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Hanif Annisa , Subekti Dimas
Published: December 2021

The regional government of the West Pasaman Regency has implemented the nagari arrangement using the expansion of nagari. However, there are problems regarding the policy of nagari expansion in the Nagari Preparation of Koto Gadang Jaya. Therefore, this study aims to determine the strategies and problems of expanding the preparatory nagari in Koto Gadang Jaya, West Pasaman Regency. This research is qualitative research using a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used interviews and documentation. This study used Edward III theory with communication variables, resources, dispositions, and bureaucratic structures. The research findings showed several problems related to implementing the expansion policy of the Nagari Preparation Koto Gadang Jaya; first, on communication variables in the indicators of transmission, clarity, and consistency; second, on the resource variable in human resources, financial resources, and infrastructure facilities indicators; third, the bureaucratic structure variable in the standard operating procedure indicators and fragmentation. Meanwhile, the excellent variable is disposition. This research concluded that the implementation of the policy of expanding the Nagari Preparation Koto Gadang Jaya has not been going well; several problems must be resolved by the party responsible for the policy.
The contemporary role of metastasectomy in the management of metastatic RCC
Authors: Feuer Zachary , Taylor Jacob I. , Huang William C.
Published: December 2021

Metastasectomy was initially described in the 1970s as a therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Since that time, systemic therapy options have grown exponentially, most recently with the introduction of immunotherapy. We aimed to review the contemporary literature regarding the role of metastasectomy in the era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Historically, metastasectomy has benefited patients with small volume, single-organ metastases, with favorable outcomes amongst younger, healthier patients with metastases to specific sites. The interplay between the employment of metastasectomy and systemic therapy has been limited to small, retrospective series with significant patient selection bias. More recently, investigators have conducted randomized controlled trials exploring the use of targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting after metastasectomy. Initial randomized data suggested no benefit in using sorafenib in this setting, and a subsequent study demonstrated possible harm in using pazopanib after metastasectomy. However, the role of other novel systemic therapies, including immunotherapy, nor the timing of use, have been meaningfully explored. Metastasectomy appears to be a valuable therapeutic option in the properly selected patient, requiring a multi-disciplinary management strategy and, pending future trials, a multimodal treatment approach.
Treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: from chemotherapy to targeted agents
Authors: Casolino Raffaella , Braconi Chiara
Published: December 2021

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a dismal prognosis. The treatment of advanced disease is mainly based on systemic chemotherapy, which is demonstrated to improve survival in the first- and second-line setting. Following the results of phase III clinical trials, the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine is the regimen of choice in the frontline, while 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin is considered the standard after first-line progression in unselected patients. Recent advances in molecular biology have unravelled the molecular heterogeneity of BTCs and identified patient subgroups harbouring unique molecular aberrations such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) fusions that can be targeted by specific agents. This knowledge has opened the way to personalised medicine in BTCs. Molecules targeting IDH and FGFR are currently approved for the treatment of advanced, refractory, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Beyond targeted therapies, novel combinatorial approaches that target the immune microenvironment and the crosstalk between cancer and stroma are being explored based on strong preclinical rationale. This review discusses the current therapeutic opportunities for the management of patients with advanced BTCs and provides an overview of the promising new strategies on the horizon with a particular focus on ongoing clinical trials.
HANS JONAS E O FIM DA TEODICEIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O CONCEITO DE DEUS DEPOIS DE AUSCHWITZ
Authors: Lopes Wendell Evangelista Soares
Published: December 2021

O presente ensaio mostra como, a partir de dois eixos de argumentação, um, lógico-ontológico, e o outro, teológico, Hans Jonas, filósofo judeu-alemão, constrói um conceito de Deus que em seu cerne representa conseqüentemente uma base para a expurgação – isto é, o fim – de toda teodiceia. Como se sabe, a teodiceia sempre lançou mão de duas respostas fundamentais: a lógica da culpabilidade e a do sacrifício. Estas foram sempre respostas ao problema do mal. Mas o evento de Auschwitz romperia em definitivo com tais soluções. Não há motivos para tamanho mal, pois aí não há culpabilidade, nem mártires; trata-se de um acontecimento de magnitude única e incompreensível. Face ao horror de Auschwitz , Jonas reflete sobre um mito que ele próprio elaborara inicialmente como resposta à questão da imortalidade, mas que mais tarde ele utilizará para pensar a questão abissal da teodiceia. O que Jonas extrai de seu mito, nesta nova direção, é a ideia de um Deus em vir-a-ser, sofredor, e preocupado. Do “Fundamento do ser, ou o Divino” assim pensado já não se pode dizer que seja onipotente, e uma tal imagem oferece a resposta à questão da teodiceia: de um Deus impotente não se pode mais dizer que é responsável. O resultado não pode ser outro senão o non-sense de qualquer intento de condenação do Divino pela realidade do mal.
Reynolds' Turbulence Solution
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: December 2021

This study revisits the Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes equations (RANS) and finds that the existing literature is erroneous regarding the primary unknowns and the number of independent unknowns in the RANS. The literature claims that the Reynolds stress tensor has six independent unknowns, but in fact the six unknowns can be reduced to three that are functions of the three velocity fluctuation components, because the Reynolds stress tensor is simply an integration of a second-order dyadic tensor of flow velocity fluctuations rather than a general symmetric tensor. This difficult situation is resolved by returning to the time of Reynolds in 1895 and revisiting Reynolds' averaging formulation of turbulence. The study of turbulence modeling could focus on the velocity fluctuations instead of on the Reynolds stress. An advantage of modeling the velocity fluctuations is, from both physical and experimental perspectives, that the velocity fluctuation components are observable whereas the Reynolds stress tensor is not.
GERARD: GEneral RApid Resolution of Digital Mazes Using a Memristor Emulator
Authors: Dopazo Pablo , de Benito Carol , Camps Oscar , Stavrinides Stavros G. , Picos Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a system of searching for optimal paths is developed and concreted on a FPGA. It is based on a memristive emulator, used as a delay element, by configuring the test graph as a memristor network. A parallel algorithm is applied to reduce computing time and increase efficiency. The operation of the algorithm in Matlab is checked beforehand and then exported to two different Intel FPGAs: a DE0-Nano board and an Arria 10 GX 220 FPGA. In both cases reliable results are obtained quickly and conveniently, even for the case of a 300x300 nodes maze.
International Approaches to Management of CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome / Cystic Fibrosis Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis
Authors: Chudleigh Jane , Barben Jürg , Ren Clement L , Southern Kevin W
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the present study was to explore health professionals’ reported experiences and approaches to managing children who receive a designation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome/cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis following a positive NBS result for cystic fibrosis. An online questionnaire was distributed via Qualtrics Survey Software and circulated to a purposive, international sample of health professionals involved in managing children with this designation. In total, 101 clinicians completed the online survey; 39 from the US, six from Canada and 56 from Europe (including the UK). Results indicated that while respondents reported minor deviations in practice, they were cognizant of recommendations in the updated guidance and for the most part, attempted to implement these into practice consistently internationally. Where variation was reported, the purpose of this appeared to be to enable clinicians to respond to either clinical assessments or parental anxiety in order to improve outcomes for the child and family. Further research is needed to determine if these findings are reflective of both a wider audience of clinicians and actual (rather than reported) practice.
Early and Dynamic Socio-Academic Variables Related to Dropout Intention: A Predictive Model Made During Pandemic
Authors: Maluenda-Albornoz Jorge , Infante-Villagrán Valeria , Galve-González Celia , Flores-Oyarzo Gabriela , Berríos-Riquelme José
Published: December 2021

Social and academic integration variables have shown to be relevant for the understanding of university dropout. However, there is less evidence regarding the influence of these variables on dropout intention, as well as predictive models that explain their relationships. Improvements in this topic become relevant considering that dropout intention stands as a useful measure to anticipate and intervene on this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a predictive model for the university dropout intention that considers the relationships between social and academic variables, during the first university semester of 2020. The research was carried out using a cross-sectional associative-predictive design, with a convenience sampling (n=711) due the restrictions of pandemic period. The results showed a good fit of the proposed hypothetical model that explains 38.7% of dropout intention. Both social support and perceived social isolation predicted the sense of belonging, and through it, engagement. Previous academic performance predicted early academic performance, and through it, engagement. The set of variables predicted the intention to quit, through engagement. These results are a contribution both to the understanding of the phenomenon and to guide potential interventions in the early stages of the university experience.
SPANNING TRADITION AND MODERNITY – SOME THOUGTS PROMPTED BY THE CHURCH BUILDINGS COMPLEX LOCATED IN KRAKÓW – NOWA HUTA
Authors:   Krakowska Akademia im. A.F. Modrzewskiego Wydział Architektury i Sztuk Pięknych, Kurek Jan
Published: December 2021

Sacred buildings in Poland in the 20th century are characterized by a great variety of forms – although the sacred world is by its nature conservative. Different conditions should be taken into account when designing a church. In the sphere of sacred art and architecture one should rationally draw from the treasury of the new and the old. After World War II over 3,500 new churches were built in Poland, including the church in Nowa Huta in Krakow. This realization is an attempt to reconcile traditional forms with modernity and with the recommendations of the Second Vatican Council.
THE LEGITIMACY OF PREPARING A FINANCIAL IMPACT FORECAST OF ADOPTING LOCAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN POLAND
Authors:   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Czekiel-Świtalska Elżbieta , Świtalska Alicja ,   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture
Published: December 2021

Since 2003 in Poland, it has been obligatory to prepare forecasts of the financial impact of adopting local spatial development plans. Whether or not the forecasts are put to actual use and what their content and presentation form should feature, in addition to what role should the forecast play and who should be able to make use of it? This study presents the results of a series of interviews and a survey performed among a group of municipal officials. Legal documents and the literature were analysed as well. Studies have shown that financial impact forecasts are used by municipal governments only to a limited degree. Many have expressed doubts as to the feasibility of preparing and using these forecasts. Specifically, most municipal governments do not make use of these forecasts and they are prepared only because it is their legal obligation to include them as a document added to the local spatial development plan. Due to the significance of the impact of the financial implications of adopting a local spatial development plan on a municipality's budget, it is necessary to change the approach to preparing and presenting financial forecasts.
THE COMPARISON OF HOUSE MODELS FOUND IN PREHISTORIC AND ANCIENT TOMBS – THE EVIDENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors:   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Arlet Piotr Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Almost all over the world, archaeological museums present collections of prehistoric small houses made of clay, bronze and wood. These artefacts were part of tombs equipment, some of high artistic level. Models discussed in the article represent five different cultures from distant geographic regions: Egypt, Italy, Northern Poland, Western Mexico, and Honshu in Japan. Since these cultures were additionally separated on a timeline this excluded interaction between them. A number of articles published contains information about such artefacts. However, according to the best knowledge of the author none has tried to juxtapose and compare the oldest architectural models.
RAILWAY WATER TOWERS OF WESTERN POLAND – HISTORIC NETWORKED ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCE AND ITS TYPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, Poland Wydział Architektury, Katedra Projektowania Architektonicznego, Barełkowski Robert
Published: December 2021

The article reports on the identification of the inventory of the water towers in Western Poland, the territory consisting of nine main administrative units called voivodeships. It presents the inventory of water towers both in statistical and locational terms, diagnosing architectural typologies and examining the quantitative parameters of the resource as well as its distribution in particular voivodeships. An attempt has been made here to show the resource by postulating the introduction of the concept of historic networked architectural resource (HiNAR). In this particular case, the element of historic heritage must be considered in the context of the network of buildings, as its component, so that it should be possible to read its meaning and the historical values accumulated in particular structures. This approach enables us to look more precisely at the changes in the formation of architectural form in subsequent decades.
Effect of Stress Shadow Caused by Multistage Fracturing from Multiple Well Pads on Fracture Initiation and Near-Wellbore Propagation from Infill Wells
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Zhang Fengshou , Tang Meirong , Du Xianfei , Tang Jizhou
Published: December 2021

Multistage fracturing with multiwell pads (MSFMP) is an essential technology for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but the reservoir area between two well pads is often not stimulated. Fracture initiation and near-wellbore propagation from infill horizontal wells drilled with different azimuth from the optimal azimuth in the unstimulated area is poorly understood, largely because of the stress shadow (or induced stress) caused by MSFMP. In this study, we propose an integrated method for calculating the stress shadow caused by MSFMP and then determine optimal completion parameters for infill horizontal wells in the unstimulated connecting area between two well pads. First, we develop a theoretical stress shadow model caused by MSFMP on the basis of the dislocation theory. Considering two extreme cases, fully open and completely closed propped fractures, the range of stress shadow in the unstimulated area after MSFMP of 20 horizontal wells in Platform H of tight reservoirs in the Changqing Oilfield, China, is considered as an example. Second, we import the calculated stress shadow into a 3D perforated fracturing model that is built based on the discrete lattice method. Then, we investigate the influence of perforation technology, horizontal wellbore azimuth, phase angle, and injection rate on fracture initiation and near-wellbore propagation. Our results show that this model is capable of calculating stress shadow at any position and then can be used to optimize the fracturing interval for the middle unstimulated area. We find that appropriate perforation and fracturing parameters significantly decrease the complexity of near-wellbore fractures. The models and results presented in this paper provide a new method and new insight for quantifying and optimizing fracture initiation and propagation for infill horizontal wells to maximize reservoir stimulation efficiency.
Penthorum chinense Pursh alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic oxidative impairment in zebrafish via AMPK / p62 / Nrf2 / mTOR pathway
Authors: zhao xingtao , zhou mengting , deng ying , guo chaocheng , liao li , he linfeng , peng cheng , li yunxi
Published: December 2021

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In China, Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) is renowned for its effectiveness in “promoting blood circulation” and “removing blood stasis”. It can “relieve the liver” and its application in the field of liver protection, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, liver fibrosis, has been known for hundreds of years.Aim of the study: Oxidative stress is widely believed to exert a key role in the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, antioxidant therapy reflects a reasonable strategy for the prevention and treatment of ALD. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of PCP in ethanol-induced liver injury.Methods: Treatment of liver-specific transgenic zebrafish larvae (lfabp: EGFP) at three days post-fertilization (3 dpf) with different concentrations of PCP (100, 50, 25 μg / mL) for 48 h was followed by soaking in 350 mmol / L ethanol for 32 h. Liver function and fat accumulation were identified by phenotypic indicators and biochemical kits. The related proteins and gene expression were further estimated by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Finally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted to analyze the chemical composition of PCP extract.Results: Firstly, PCP mediated alleviation of ethanol-induced steatosis and reduction of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) related indexes were evident. Dose-dependent decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in zebrafish substantiated the role of PCP in relieving oxidative stress. Furthermore, PCP induced downregulation of sequestosome 1 (p62 / SQSTM1, p62), Atg13 and Beclin 1 expression promoted autophagy. Meanwhile, PCP contributed to the hepatoprotective function by downregulating the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and upregulating the expression of nucleus factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which activated cytoprotective related gene HO-1. Moreover, HPLC of PCP extract confirmed the presence of various polyphenols with potential antioxidant effects. Finally, PCP appeared to promote the activated protein kinase (AMPK) / p62 / Nrf2 / mTOR signaling pathways, which were related to oxidative stress and autophagy in zebrafish.Conclusion: This study claimed that by activating the AMPK / p62 / Nrf2 / mTOR signaling pathway, PCP could attenuate ethanol-induced liver injury in zebrafish.
A Rough Variant of Nontoxigenic Vibrio Cholerae O139 Imported From Vietnam
Authors: Westerström Pontus , Dragsted Ulrik Bak
Published: December 2021

Purpose (stating the main purposes and research question)Vibrio cholerae is classified in O-antigen polysaccharide outer membrane properties where O1 and O139 are strains that cause pandemics and epidemics while non-O1/non-O139 usually cause mild disease. The dynamic evolution of Vibrio cholerae involves new virulence factors through horizontal gene transfer and formerly nontoxigenic serogroups are being reported as causing increasingly severe forms of human disease. Our purpose was to investigate serogroup and virulence factors in one imported isolate from Vietnam and compare these to virulence factors seen in different strains of Vibrio cholerae.MethodsWe have serotyped one isolate of imported Vibrio cholerae from Vietnam to Denmark and performed whole genome sequencing to identify known virulence genes. ResultsWe have identified virulence factors in our isolate that are recently discovered and one toxin, MakA, has not previously been reported from an Asian strain. The isolate was found to be a serogroup non-O1/non-O139 strain, however, sequence analysis gave a 96, 6% ID match of the wbfZ gene, stipulating our isolate to belong to either serogroup O22 or O139. ConclusionsLooking at the combination of virulence factors of the isolate we suggest the finding of a rough variant of a nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 rather than a O22 serogroup version. This is a rare finding in a clinical isolate.
Proteomic Analysis of the Periodontal Pathogen Prevotella Intermedia Secretomes in Biofilm and Planktonic Lifestyles
Authors: Karched Maribasappa , Bhardwaj Radhika , Qudeimat Muawia , Al-Khabbaz Areej , Ellepola Arjuna
Published: December 2021

Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for its virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretome of P. intermedia in biofilm and planktonic life mode. The biofilm secretome showed 109 proteins while the planktonic secretome showed 136 proteins. The biofilm and the planktonic secretomes contained 17 and 33 signal-peptide bearing proteins, 13 and 18 lipoproteins, respectively. Superoxide reductase, sensor histidine kinase, C40 family peptidase, elongation factor Tu, threonine synthase etc. were unique to biofilm. Of the ~30 proteins with predicted virulence potential from biofilm and planktonic secretomes, only 6 were common between the two groups, implying large differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of P. intermedia. From gene ontology biofilm secretome displayed a markedly higher percent proteins compared to planktonic secretome in terms of cellular amino acid metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc. Inflammatory cytokine profile analysis revealed that only the biofilm secretome, not the planktonic one, induced important cytokines such as MIP-1a/MIP-1b, IL-1b, and IL-8. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the protein profiles of P. intermedia biofilm and planktonic secretomes may trigger further questions about molecular mechanisms how this species exerts its virulence potential in the oral cavity.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in the Eastern Mediterranean zone.
Authors: manasra Abdel rahman Al , Al-Domaidat Hamzeh , Ayadeh Asem , Qaoud Doaa Al , Shalakhti Majd Al , khatib Sohaib Al , Fataftah Jehad , Al-Taher Raed , Nofal Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Background
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare benign and self-limiting syndrome. We aim to review cases of KFD at our institution as a rare illness in the Arab ethnic descent, and to analyze reports from most countries in the east Mediterranean zone.
Methods
This is a retrospective study in which the histopathology database was searched for the diagnosis of KFD. A full review of KFD patients’ medical records was done. Data regarding demographic features, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, comorbidities and management protocols were obtained. Published KFD cases from east Mediterranean countries were discussed and compared to other parts of the world.
Results
Out of 1968 lymph node biopsies studied, 11 (0.6%) cases of KFD were identified. Mean age of patients with KFD was 32 years (4-59). 73% (8/11) were females. The disease was self-limiting in 5 patients (45%), corticosteroid therapy was needed in 4 patients (34%), one patient was treated with methotrexate and one with antibiotics. One patient died as a consequence of lymphoma.
Conclusion
KFD may still be under diagnosed in our part of the world, likely due to the non-specific mixed symptoms at presentation as well as to the lack of awareness among general practitioners and health care providers. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to reduce associated morbidity.
Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Among HIV Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Cohorts in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Belyhun Yeshambel , Liebert Uwe Gerd , Maier Melanie
Published: December 2021

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a particular concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. In Ethiopia, detailed clinical and virological descriptions of HBV prevailing during HIV co-infection and symptomatic liver disease patients are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV virological characteristics from Ethiopian HBV/HIV co-infected and HBV mono-infected individuals.
Methods
A total of 4105 sera from HIV positive individuals, liver disease patients, and blood donors were screened serologically for HBV. The overlapping polymerase/surface genome region of HBV from 180 infected individuals was extracted, amplified, and sequenced for genotypic analysis.
Results
The HBsAg seroprevalence was detected 43% in liver disease patients, 8.4% in blood donors, and 6.7% in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. The occult HBV prevalence was 3.7% in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and 2.8% in blood donors with an overall prevalence rate of 3.4%. A phylogenetic analysis showed three HBV genotypes; A (61.1%), D (38.3%) and E (0.6%). Genotype A belongs to subtypes A1 (99.1%) and A9 (0.9%), but genotype D showed heterogeneous subtypes; D2 (63.8%) followed by D4 (21.7%), D1 (8.7%), D3 (4.3%), and D10 (1.4%).
Conclusions
The HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and blood donors showed lower HBsAg seroprevalence compared to liver diseases patients. Occult HBV prevalence showed no difference between HIV/HBV co-infected and blood donor groups. This study demonstrated predominance distribution of HBV subtypes A1 and D2 in northwest Ethiopia. The observed virological characteristics could contribute for evidence-based management of viral hepatitis in Ethiopia where antiretroviral therapy guidelines do not cater for viral hepatitis screening during HIV co-infection.
Study on Metabolic Indexes of Obesity in Patients with Common Mental Disorders in Stable Stage
Authors: Li Xiaoling , shi Xiaojie , Tan Yukang , Yu Yang , Tang Chaohua , Xu Guohong , Zhang Xinglian , Liao Hairong , Mai Xiancong , Chen Wensheng , Luo Xin , Xu Caixia , Xie Guojun , Liang Jiaquan
Published: December 2021

Background The incidence rate of obesity has been increasing steadily year by year, and it is a serious worldwide public health problem，especially for people with mental disorders.Aim To explore the related factors of obesity by analyzing the metabolic indexes of patients with common mental disorders in stable stage. Methods 576 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) were included, who received fixed drug dose and routine drug treatment for 2 years or more. Their venous blood was collected, and the blood metabolic indexes were analyzed. Results BD and SCZ are more prone to obesity than MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the value of BMI increased with the increase of age(B = 0.084, p < 0.001), TG(B = 0.355, p = 0.024), LDL(B = 0.697, p < 0.001), LDH(B = 0.011, p = 0.002), SCr(B = 0.051, p < 0.001), UA(B = 0.014, p < 0.001), HbA1c(B = 0.702, p = 0.004) and hsCRP(B = 0.101, p < 0.001). And It decreased with the increase of HDL(B = -1.493, p < 0.001). Discussion People with mental disorders who take drugs are prone to obesity. They should regularly check blood indicators and strengthen weight management to reduce the risk of obesity and promote their health.
Factors Facilitating the use of Contraceptive Methods Among Urban Adolescents and Youth in Guinea: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Manet Hawa , Doucet Marie-Hélène , Bangoura Charlotte , Dioubaté Nafissatou , Ayadi Alison El , Sidibé Sidikiba , Millimouno Tamba Mina , Delamou Alexandre
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe use of modern contraceptive methods among adolescents and youth is a public health priority to prevent unwanted pregnancies. To our knowledge, no study has ever explored and documented the promoting factors for contraceptive use among urban adolescents and youth in Guinea. The objective of this study was to explore the personal, community, and health system factors that promote the use of contraceptive methods among urban adolescents and youth in Guinea. MethodsWe conducted a qualitative exploratory and descriptive study with adolescents and youth aged 15 to 24 living in Conakry, Guinea. Data were collected through twenty-six individual in-depth interviews, and 10 group interviews with an additional eighty individuals, for a total of 106 participants. The investigation was conducted from June to October 2019. Both individual and group interviews were audio-recorded, and the verbatims were afterwards transcribed. Data was analyzed using the “thematic analysis” method (deductive and inductive approaches).ResultsThe personal factors favoring contraceptive use among adolescents and youth pertained to perceived benefits of the methods, knowledge of the family planning service channels, means to afford the cost of the method, and spouse/sexual partner approval. The community factors included peer suggestions about contraceptive methods, and socio-cultural beliefs about the method. The health system factors referred to access to free contraceptive methods, availability of methods, clinical competence and attitude of the health care provider to advise or administer methods, and proximity of family planning services to users’ place of residence. ConclusionsThis research shows that many adolescents and youth living in Conakry are sexually active and want to avoid unwanted pregnancy by using modern, traditional or cultural contraceptive methods. Access to free or affordable methods, discretion of method use, proximity and availability of methods, and suggestions of methods by peers are factors that motivate adolescents and youth to use contraception. This knowledge can inform policies and programs to improve the use of effective contraceptive methods by adolescents and youth living in Conakry, Guinea, and ultimately contribute to the optimal sexual and reproductive health of this population.
Treatment Strategies for Recurrent Ileocolic Intussusceptions and a Novel Operative Procedure
Authors: Demir Mesut , Akın Melih , Unal Aydin , Kaba Meltem Kalyoncu , Sever Nihat , Dokucu Ali İhsan
Published: December 2021

Background

Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction between 6 months and 36 months of age. There is no defined etiology in at least 75-90% of patients. Recurrent intussusception occurs in 5-16% of all intussusceptions and the treatment strategy is controversial in this patient group. Treatment of continued recurrent intussusception is a challenging problem when no lead point is revealed despite recurrence. We aimed to review our 10 years of experience in recurrent intussusception and describe a new operative technique for recurrent intussusception cases without any lead points.
Results

We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with recurrent intussusception in our referral pediatric surgery clinic between 2007 and 2017. Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction was performed on all patients. Surgery was performed on those patients who had findings of acute abdomen and complete intestinal obstruction or 2 failed attempts of UGHR for diagnostic purposes if a pathologic lead point was suspected based on patient findings and age. Laparoscopy or laparotomy was performed according to surgeon preference and experience. A total of 87 UGHRs were performed. Thirty-three patients were admitted to our clinic due to recurrent intussusception. The mean age was 12.75±14.14 (6 -84) months, and 19 were males and 14 were females. Abdominal pain, agitation and vomiting were common symptoms. UGHR was performed on all 33 patients on at least 2 different occasions. The time between the first and second UGHR treatments was 42.6 ± 186.19 (0-899) days. The success rate of the second UGHR was 27 out of 33 patients (81.8%). Surgery was performed on 6 patients. Manual reduction was performed on 5 patients and one was operated by the laparoscopic reduction of intussusception and Meckel’s diverticulum resection.
Conclusions

Surgeons should try to find permanent solutions for patients with multiple recurrent intussusceptions that are resistant to treatment. Surgical excision of the lead point will help prevent recurrent intussusception. Satisfactory results can also be obtained by ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction even in patients with recurrences. Laparoscopy is helpful in diagnosis, detection of lead points and treatment of irreducible intussusception. This new operative technique can be satisfactory for recurrent intussusceptions without any lead points.
A Comprehensive Overview of AI-Enabled Music Classification and Its Influence in Games
Authors: Yang Tiancheng , Nazir Shah
Published: December 2021

With the development and advancement of information technology, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are applied in every sector of life. Among these applications, music is one of them which has gained attention in the last couple of years. The music industry is revolutionized with AIbased innovative and intelligent techniques. It is very convenient for composers to compose music of high quality using these technologies. Artificial intelligence and Music (AIM) is one of the emerging fields used to generate and manage sounds for different media like the Internet, games, etc. Sounds in the games are very effective and can be made more attractive by implementing AI approaches. The quality of sounds in the game directly impacts the productivity and experience of the player. With computer-assisted technologies, the game designers can create sounds for different scenarios or situations like horror and suspense and provide gamer information. The practical and productive audio of a game can guide visually impaired people during other events in the game. For the better creation and composition of music, good quality of knowledge about musicology is essential. Due to AIM, there are a lot of intelligent and interactive tools available for the efficiency and effective learning of music. The learners can be provided with a very reliable and interactive environment based on artificial intelligence. The current study has considered presenting a detailed overview of the literature available in the area of research. The study has demonstrated literature analysis from various perspectives, which will become evidence for researchers to devise novel solutions in the field.
Cellulose Diacetate/Organoclay Nanocomposites as Controlled Release Matrices for Pest Control Applications
Authors: Mphateng Thabang N. , Mapossa Antonio B. , Wesley-Smith James , Ramjee Shatish , Focke Walter W
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to develop cellulose-based polymer matrices as controlled release devices for plant-based insect repellents and attractants, with the aim of finding sustainable and environmentally friendly pest control methods for agricultural applications. Citronellol, terpineol and methyl salicylate were the selected active compounds for this study. Their compatibility with cellulose diacetate was predicted using Hansen Solubility Parameters, which predicted terpineol as the most compatible with cellulose diacetate, followed by methyl salicylate and citronellol. This was consistent with the plasticization efficiency trend from DMA results of solvent cast cellulose diacetate films containing the active compounds. The chemical identity of the films and cellulose diacetate-active compound intermolecular interactions were verified by FTIR. TGA demonstrated the thermal stability of cellulose diacetate/active compound/clay formulations at temperatures not exceeding 170 °C. Cellulose diacetate/organoclay nanocomposite matrices containing the active compounds at 35 wt-% were prepared by twin screw extrusion compounding, with the active compounds also functioning as plasticizers. The amount of active compound in the strands was determined by solvent extraction and TGA. Both methods showed that small amounts of active compound were lost during the compounding process. SEM demonstrated the effect of organoclay on the internal morphology of the matrix, whereas TEM showed clay dispersion and intercalation within the matrix. The matrix served as a reservoir for the active compounds while simultaneously controlling their release into the environment. Release profiles, obtained through oven ageing at 40 °C for 70 days, were fitted to existing Log-logistic and Weibull models, and novel Diffusion and Modified Weibull release models. Citronellol was released the fastest, followed by methyl salicylate and terpineol. The findings suggest that cellulose diacetate/organoclay strands are promising controlled-release matrices for pest control purposes.
Economic Models of Community-Based Falls Prevention: A Systematic Review With Subsequent Commissioning And Methodological Recommendations
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Squires Hazel , Franklin Matthew , Lee Ms Yujin , Young Tracey
Published: December 2021

Background: Falls impose significant health and economic burdens among older populations, making their prevention a priority. Health economic decision models can inform whether the falls prevention intervention represents a cost-effective use of resources and/or meet additional decisional objectives such as reducing social inequities of health. This study aims to conduct a systematic review (SR) of community-based falls prevention models to: (i) systematically identify such models; (ii) synthesise and critically appraise the modelling methods/results; and (iii) formulate methodological and commissioning recommendations.Methods: The SR followed the PRISMA guideline, covering the period 2003-2020, 12 academic databases and grey literature. A study was included if it: targeted community-dwelling persons aged 60 and over and/or aged 50-59 at high falls risk; evaluated intervention(s) designed to reduce falls or fall-related injuries; against any comparator(s); reported outcomes of economic evaluation; used decision modelling; and had English full text. Extracted data fields were grouped under higher categories: (A) model and evaluation overview; (B) falls epidemiology features; (C) falls prevention intervention features; and (D) evaluation methods and outcomes. A checklist for falls prevention economic evaluations assessed reporting/methodological quality. Extracted fields were narratively synthesised and critically appraised to inform methodological and commissioning recommendations. The SR protocol is registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021232147).Results: 46 models were identified. The most prevalent issue according to the checklist was non-incorporation of all-cause care costs. Based on general population, lifetime models conducting cost-utility analyses, seven interventions produced favourable ICERs relative to no intervention under the cost-effectiveness threshold of £30,000 per QALY gained; of these, results for (1) combined multifactorial and environmental intervention, (2) physical activity promotion for women, and (3) targeted vitamin D supplementation were from validated models. Decision-makers should explore the transferability and feasible reaches of these interventions in their local settings. There was some evidence that exercise and home modification exacerbate existing social inequities of health. Sixteen methodological recommendations were formulated from critical appraisal.Conclusion: There is significant methodological heterogeneity across falls prevention models. This SR’s appraisals of modelling methods should facilitate the conceptualisation of future falls prevention models. Its synthesis of evaluation outcomes could inform commissioning.
Conservation Agriculture Based Integrated Crop Management Sustains the Maize–Wheat Rotation of North-Western India: Five Years’ Impacts on Crops and Water Productivity, Economic Profitability, Sustainable Yield Index and Soil Properties
Authors: Pooniya Vijay , Zhiipao R. R. , Biswakarma Niraj , Kumar Dinesh , Shivay Y. S. , Babu Subhash , Das Kajal , Choudhary A. K. , Swarnalakshmi Karivaradharajan , Jat R.D. , Choudhary R. L. , Ram Hardev , Khokhar Mukesh , Mukri Ganapati , Lakhena K. K. , Puniya M. M. , Jat Rajkumar , Muralikrishnan L. , Singh A.K. , Lama Achal
Published: December 2021

We have evaluated eight different integrated crop management (ICM) modules for five years in a maize-wheat rotation (MWR); wherein, ICM1&2- ˈbusiness-as-usualˈ (conventional flatbed maize and wheat, ICM3&4- conventional raised bed (CTRB) maize and wheat without residues, ICM5&6- conservation agriculture (CA)-based zero till (ZT) flatbed maize and wheat with the residues, and ICM7&8- CA-based ZT raised bed maize and wheat with the residues. Results indicated that the ICM7&8 produced significantly (p<0.05) the highest maize grain yield (5 years av.) which was 7.8-21.3% greater than the ICM1-6. However, across years, the ICM5-8 gave statistically similar wheat grain yield, and was 8.4-11.5% greater than the ICM1-4. Similarly, the CA-based residue retained ICM5-8 modules had given 9.5-14.3% (5 years av.) greater system yields in terms of maize grain equivalents (MGEY) over the residue removed CT-based ICM1&4. System water productivity (SWP) was the highest with ICM5-8, being 10.3-17.8% higher than the ICM1-4. Nevertheless, the highest water use (TWU) was recorded in the CT flatbed (ICM1&2), ~7% more than the raised bed and ZT planted crops with or without the residues (ICM4-8). Furthermore, the ICM1-4 had produced 9.54% greater variable production costs compared to the ICM5-8, whereas, the ICM5-8 gave 24.3-27.4% additional returns than the ICM1-4. Also, different ICM modules caused significant (p<0.05) impacts on the soil properties, such as, organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and urease (URE) activities. In 0.0-0.15 m soil profile, residue retained CA-based (ICM5-8) modules registered a 7.1-14.3% greater SOC and 10.2-17.3% SMBC than the ICM1-4. The sustainable yield index (SYI) of MWR was 13.4-18.6% greater under the ICM7&8 compared to the ICM1-4. Hence, this study conclude that the adoption of the CA-based residue retained ICMs in the MWR could sustain the crop yields, enhance farm profits, save water and improve soil properties of the north-western plan zones of India.