bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of Tumor Doubling Time in Patients with Metachronous Lung Cancer
Authors: Asakura Keisuke , Yoshida Yukihiro , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Kazuo , Motoi Noriko , Watanabe Shun‐ichi
Published: September 2019

Background

Good prognosis following surgery for metachronous lung cancer has been reported. However, prognostic factors have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to identify the preoperative predictor of survival in metachronous lung cancer.

Methods

Patients who underwent a second pulmonary resection for metachronous lung cancer at our institution between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed.

Results

A retrospective chart review identified 86 eligible patients (of 6213; 1.4%). The 5‐year overall survival was 77%. All 86 cancers met Martini and Melamed's criteria for second primary cancer. However, on pathological examination based on morphological concordance between the initial and metachronous cancer, 73 (85%) cases were diagnosed as second primary cancer and 13 (15%) as a possible recurrent tumor. The 5‐year overall survivals were 82% for second primary cancers and 52% for possible recurrent tumors. Tumor doubling time > 180 days (p < 0.001), pathological diagnosis of second primary cancer (p = 0.013), pathological stage IA (p = 0.016), interval between resections > 2 years (p = 0.040), and consolidation/tumor diameter ratio ≤ 0.5 (p = 0.045) were associated with superior overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor doubling time > 180 days as the only independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio 3.600, 95% confidence interval 1.226–10.338; p = 0.0196).

Conclusions

Surgical resection for metachronous lung cancer is effective and feasible. Particularly, a tumor doubling time > 180 days is associated with superior survival in patients with metachronous lung cancer.
Management of Open Abdomen After Trauma Laparotomy: A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Fascial Traction and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Systems
Authors: Wang Yifan , Alnumay Abdulaziz , Paradis Tiffany , Beckett Andrew , Fata Paola , Khwaja Kosar , Razek Tarek , Grushka Jeremy , Deckelbaum Dan L.
Published: September 2019

Background

Management of the post‐traumatic open abdomen (OA) using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone is associated with low rates of primary fascial closure. The abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA) system exerts dynamic medial fascial traction and may work synergistically with NPWT to facilitate primary fascial closure.

Methods

Patients with an OA following trauma laparotomy between 2009 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Patients treated with ABRA in conjunction with NPWT (ABRA) versus NPWT alone (NPWT) were compared in terms of primary fascial closure rate, number of surgeries to closure, tracheostomy duration, length of stay and incidence of entero‐atmospheric fistula. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify predictors of tracheostomy duration.

Results

We identified 48 patients [ABRA, 12 and NPWT, 36]. The ABRA group was significantly younger (25 vs. 37 years, p = 0.027) and included a lower proportion of males (58% vs. 89%, p = 0.032). Groups were similar with respect to the incidence of hollow viscus injury, injury severity score and abdominal abbreviated injury score. Compared to the NPWT group, the ABRA group had a significantly higher rate of primary fascial closure (100% vs. 28%, p < 0.001), fewer surgeries to abdominal closure (2 vs. 2.5, p = 0.023) and shorter duration of tracheostomy (15.5 vs. 36 days, p = 0.008). There were no differences in length of stay or incidence of entero‐atmospheric fistula. On multivariable linear regression, ABRA placement was an independent predictor of shorter tracheostomy duration, after adjusting for covariates (β = − 0.294, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

For the post‐traumatic OA, ABRA coupled with NPWT achieves a higher rate of primary fascial closure compared to NPWT alone, while requiring fewer surgeries and a shorter duration of tracheostomy.
Cumulative Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Among Surgeons During Intraoperative Cholangiography
Authors: Barrios Arnold , Vega Neil , Martínez Jaime , Padua Carolina , Mendivelso Fredy , Orejuela Diego
Published: September 2019

Background

Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), even though is an important tool in biliary surgery, it is still a matter of debate when used as a routine procedure, this supported in the surgical and legal safety for the patient and the surgeon. We do not have knowledge of the real expositional risk of the surgeon to ionizing radiation (IR) during the cholangiography procedure, because many surgeons do not use protection and dosimeters, so we cannot determine occupational radiation exposure.

Study design

A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the radiation exposure of a group of surgeons performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, regardless of the type of surgery (elective or urgent). A descriptive, bivariate analysis was made, with a linear simulation model for prediction. We evaluate the frequency of use of protection‐established devices, number of images per surgery, and frequency of IOC. The radiation received was measured by dosimeters at different distances.

Results

A total of 597 IOC were made in the evaluated period. Mean number of IOC per surgeon was five monthly, with an average of two images per surgery. 60% of surgeons did not use protection devices during IOC. The surgeon radiation received was 0.147 millisieverts (mSv) at 1 m, 0.039 mSv at 1.6 m, and 0.007 mSv at 2.5 m.

Conclusions

The volume, quality, and sufficiency of protection, coupled with the distance to the X‐ray generator, are the major determinants to define the exposure to IR. We can predict the annual ionizing radiation according to the volume of the accomplished procedures. Although exposure doses are really low and make this a safe procedure, continuous exposure can lead to serious illnesses.
Skeleton Marching-based Parallel Vascular Geometry Reconstruction Using Implicit Functions
Authors: Qi Quan , Li Qing-De , Cheng Yongqiang , Hong Qing-Qi
Published: September 2019

Fast high-precision patient-specific vascular tissue and geometric structure reconstruction is an essential task for vascular tissue engineering and computer-aided minimally invasive vascular disease diagnosis and surgery. In this paper, we present an effective vascular geometry reconstruction technique by representing a highly complicated geometric structure of a vascular system as an implicit function. By implicit geometric modelling, we are able to reduce the complexity and level of difficulty of this geometric reconstruction task and turn it into a parallel process of reconstructing a set of simple short tubular-like vascular sections, thanks to the easy-blending nature of implicit geometries on combining implicitly modelled geometric forms. The basic idea behind our technique is to consider this extremely difficult task as a process of team exploration of an unknown environment like a cave. Based on this idea, we developed a parallel vascular modelling technique, called Skeleton Marching, for fast vascular geometric reconstruction. With the proposed technique, we first extract the vascular skeleton system from a given volumetric medical image. A set of sub-regions of a volumetric image containing a vascular segment is then identified by marching along the extracted skeleton tree. A localised segmentation method is then applied to each of these sub-image blocks to extract a point cloud from the surface of the short simple blood vessel segment contained in the image block. These small point clouds are then fitted with a set of implicit surfaces in a parallel manner. A high-precision geometric vascular tree is then reconstructed by blending together these simple tubular-shaped implicit surfaces using the shape-preserving blending operations. Experimental results show the time required for reconstructing a vascular system can be greatly reduced by the proposed parallel technique.
The palaeoshoreline of Early Miocene formations (Euphrates and Jeribe) at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Authors: Abdullah H. G. , Collier R. E. L. , Mountney N. P.
Published: September 2019

A sedimentological investigation of the Early Miocene deposits at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Kurdistan Region, around Qishlagh-Sargrma and Darbandikhan, reveals the presence of the Euphrates and Jeribe Formations in this area. A carbonate-dominated unit, comprising four regressive carbonate cycles, at the base of the Fatha Formation, has been investigated to characterize the depositional environments and stratigraphic context of these Early Miocene deposits. Outcrop and thin-section analyses of the carbonate succession reveal a gently inclined, carbonate-dominated ramp based on the depositional lithofacies and microfacies. Eight carbonate microfacies were identified and interpreted to have been deposited in a shallow marine environment. The Euphrates Formation passes up from deposits of restricted lagoon to shoal depositional environments, while the Jeribe Formation was deposited in a hypersaline lagoon to a restricted lagoon. The Early Miocene index fossilBorelis melo melowas identified in the deposits of the Euphrates Formation. Stratigraphic correlation of the studied sections allows the development of a revised palaeogeography for the Early Miocene deposits in the Kurdistan Region.
What Do Dentists and Dental Students Think of Oral Cancer and Its Control and Prevention Strategies? A Qualitative Study in Jazan Dental School
Authors: Jafer Mohammed , Crutzen Rik , Moafa Ibtisam , van den Borne Bart
Published: September 2019

Jazan region of Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of oral cancer: 35% of cases. However, little is known about the view of dentists and dental students on possible factors that contribute to this high rate with scarce efforts regarding prevention. The study investigated possible factors related to oral cancer as perceived by dentists and dental students, using a qualitative approach. Six focus groups conducted in Jazan Dental School (JDS) and participants included dental students, interns, faculty members, and key decision-makers. All participants acknowledged oral cancer a serious public health issue in Jazan affecting all ages. The majority thought that tobacco is a major risk factor in this region, which can easily be obtained by individuals of any age or gender. Further, formal dental education in the country is not focusing on the local related risk factors. Participants agreed that practicing oral cancer examination and its risk factors education is related to clinicians’ attitude and skills. Several participants declared that no organized effort established toward oral cancer and its risk factors in the region. Cultural acceptance of oral cancer risk factors was mentioned as one of the challenges for patients. The findings indicate that dental education and training at JDS are not focusing on necessary related oral health issues and their risk factors in the community. Also, it casts a new light on the fact that dentists are not educating their patients because they lack the knowledge and the skill of health education and patients’ communication methods.
Delayed effects of prey fish quality and winter temperature during the birth year on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey seals
Authors: Kauhala Kaarina , Kurkilahti Mika
Published: September 2019

Environmental conditions of mammalian juveniles may have delayed effects on their life histories and fitness, such as body size or reproductive rate later in their lives. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis on Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and examined (1) the possible effects of prey fish quality and winter temperature on body condition of grey seal pups of both sexes and (2) the possible delayed impacts of pup environment on the body size and birth rate of adult grey seals. Body condition (blubber thickness) of especially female pups in April–May correlated negatively with winter temperatures, and body condition of male pups correlated positively with prey fish quality (herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus weight). Males reached the asymptotic length at the age of 10.3 years, and body length of adult males (≥ 10 years old) was positively related to herring and sprat weight in their birth year. Females reached the asymptotic length at the age of 5.9 years. Birth rate of females (age 7–24 years) was negatively related to winter temperature in their birth year. We conclude that both changes in prey fish quality and climate may affect body condition of pups and thus also cause delayed effects on adult fitness: body size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey seals.
Editorial: Industrial relevance of molybdenum in China
Authors: Outteridge Tim , Kinsman Nicole , Ronchi Gaetano , Mohrbacher Hardy
Published: September 2019

About 80% of all molybdenum mined in the world (not including units recovered via recycling) is used as an alloying element in iron and steel. In general, the intensity of molybdenum use in China is still lower than in more highly developed regions such as the USA and Europe. This difference is manifest in both carbon steels and stainless steels, suggesting a significant opportunity for more widespread use of molybdenum in the future as China follows its self-reliance policy, calling for more sophisticated materials. Active market development, as being pursued by the International Molybdenum Association (IMOA), is a key asset in that respect. This article summarizes some key facts on molybdenum mining, use and market development in China.
The Illusion of Motion: Corporate (Im)Mobility and the Failed Promise of Centros
Authors: Gerner-Beuerle Carsten , Mucciarelli Federico , Schuster Edmund , Siems Mathias
Published: September 2019

The European Court of Justice’s landmark decision inCentroswas heralded as creating the preconditions for a vibrant market for incorporations in the EU. In practice, however, today’s corporate landscape in Europe differs little from that of the late 1990s. Very few large companies have made use of their ability to subject themselves to the company law of a Member State in which they are not also headquartered, and there are few signs suggesting that a ‘European Delaware’ will emerge in the near future. To the extent that Member States have engaged in competitive law-making, this has largely been confined to minimum capital requirements and rules affecting the ease of the incorporation process—areas concerning primarily micro-companies. We argue that the modest effect ofCentrosis not only a function of limited economic incentives to engage in regulatory competition and regulatory arbitrage, but also of the fact that the applicability of large sections of relevant laws governing corporate behaviour is determined by real seat-like connecting factors which render regulatory arbitrage more difficult. We analyse the boundaries between thelex societatisand neighbouring legal areas, notably insolvency and tort law, and find that the body of rules regulating a company’s outward-facing activities, as opposed to its internal affairs, is largely removed from regulatory arbitrage. It therefore seems likely that the potential benefits of selecting the applicable company law, while remaining subject to a cocktail of other, equally relevant rules, are sufficiently small to be regularly outweighed by the costs of a complex and non-standard corporate structure that is necessary to exercise free movement rights.
Chunky Graphite in Ferritic Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron: Formation, Prevention, Characterization, Impact on Properties: An Overview
Authors: Baer Wolfram
Published: September 2019

Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) materials have a remarkable technical potential and economic impact in modern industry. These features are closely related to the question of how the cast materials can be produced without structural defects and graphite degenerations such as, for example, chunky graphite. Although the chunky graphite degeneration superficially seems to be well known, its metallurgical background is still controversially discussed, appropriate field-tested nondestructive tools for its quantification in castings are lacking, and the knowledge on its impact on material properties is fairly limited. Addressing this status, the article is providing a current overview on the subject. Existing theories on formation and growth mechanisms of chunky graphite are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, from a metallurgical point of view, causes for the appearance of chunky graphite as well as preventive measures are concisely summarized. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of chunky graphite and how it can be characterized by destructive and nondestructive techniques. Special emphasis was laid on providing a comprehensive overview on the impact of chunky graphite on strength, ductility, fatigue limit, fatigue crack growth rate as well as fracture toughness of ferritic SGI materials based on experimental data. Moreover, conclusions for the assessment of castings affected by chunky graphite are drawn.
Thoughts on China’s energy transition outlook
Authors: Zhongying Wang , Sandholt Kaare
Published: September 2019

China’s strong economic growth over the past 40 years has been followed by similar strong growth in energy consumption, based on coal. A continuation of this development is not sustainable, and China has set new ambitious targets for future energy systems development, which in reality calls for a genuine energy revolution in order to build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system towards 2035 and 2050. This paper looks at the mechanisms behind the energy transition, analysis of a concrete case for a sustainable energy system in 2050, and points to policy measures and instruments to ensure the necessary progress in this energy transition. The case shows that it is possible for China in 2050 to reduce CO2 emission to one-third of today’s emission while at the same time maintaining economic growth, improving security of supply, air quality, and economic efficiency of the power system.
Municipal level water security indices in Mexico
Authors: Arreguin-Cortes Felipe I. , Saavedra-Horita J. Raul , Rodriguez-Varela J. Manuel , Tzatchkov Velitchko G. , Cortez-Mejia Petronilo E. , Llaguno-Guilberto Oscar J. , Sainos-Candelario Arizabeth , Sandoval-Yoval Luciano , Ortega-Gaucin David , Mendoza-Cazares E. Yuri , Navarro-Barraza Salvador
Published: September 2019

As tends to be the case in other large, developing countries, Mexico is a nation of strong meteorological, hydrographic and social contrasts throughout its territory, which impact the various strata of the population in different ways. The current paper seeks to show how these contrasts create different water-security scenarios using pertinent indices. While some of the impact factors, such as precipitation, drought and floods, are of intrinsically probabilistic nature, others are related to population vulnerability. There have been a small number of studies on water security at global or regional scale that include Mexico, or at local level in Mexico, but none of them consider probabilistic aspects and population vulnerability, neither extend to municipal level. A probabilistic methodology was defined in this paper, and applied at municipal scale in Mexico, to obtain a water security index, which considers the concepts of risk, hazard and social vulnerability. Hazard comes in the form of water supply and drainage shortage, flooding, pollution, water quality, groundwater depletion and drought indicators. Vulnerability considers factors such as the educational level of the population, access to health services, illiteracy, housing conditions, unemployment and the proportion of indigenous language population. All these indicators are very heterogeneous throughout the Mexican territory. The proposed probabilistic methodology was applied in a geographic information system environment, and it was used to obtain water security indices for all municipalities in Mexico (2456 municipalities).
The reciprocal relations between facebook relationship maintenance behaviors and adolescents’ closeness to friends
Authors: Rousseau Ann , Frison Eline , Eggermont Steven
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Scholars suggest that social networking sites such as Facebook offer adolescents an ideal setting for engaging in relationship maintenance behaviors. Despite these suggestions, it remains an open question whether adolescents' online relationship maintenance behaviors can improve aspects of positive friendship quality, such as feelings of closeness. Additionally, it is unclear whether adolescents’ feelings of closeness can motivate them to engage in online relationship maintenance behaviors. The aim of this two‐wave longitudinal panel study was to investigate the reciprocal relations between Facebook relationship maintenance behaviors (FRMB) and adolescents' closeness to friends.

Method

A sample of 12‐ to 18‐year‐old Flemish adolescents (NTime1 = 1840) filled out a paper‐and‐pencil survey twice within a six month‐interval. We estimated cross‐lagged structural equation models in AMOS to test the reciprocal relations between FRMB, closeness to friends, and receiving positive Facebook reactions. To test whether the hypothesized relations were moderated by gender and/or age, we conducted multiple group comparison tests.

Results

Findings revealed that FRMB and adolescents' closeness to friends were reciprocally related over time: FRMB positively predicted adolescents' closeness to friends and closeness to friends positively predicted FRMB. In addition, receiving positive Facebook reactions mediated these reciprocal relations.

Conclusion

By revealing that receiving positive Facebook reactions mediates the reciprocal relationships between FRMB and adolescents' closeness to friends, we now better understand how FRMB can increase adolescents' closeness to friends and how increased closeness to friends can enhance adolescents’ FRMB. The discussion focuses on the understanding of these findings, directions for future research, and key limitations.
Telling stories with pictures: narrative in middle and late Byzantine monumental painting
Authors: Foskolou Vicky A.
Published: September 2019

This article explores the narrative strategies employed in the monumental painting of the middle and late Byzantine period and considers whether the different methods of narration and the degree of narrativity can reveal anything about the function of the work, its creators, its audience and finally its period; in other words whether a narratological approach to visual representation could be a tool for analysing a work of art in socio-historical terms. This is determined firstly by identifying similar narrative structures in contemporary literature and secondly by looking for information on how contemporary viewers ‘read’ the ‘story’ in monumental narrative paintings.
The amphibamiformNanobamus macrorhinusfrom the early Permian of Texas
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Reisz Robert R.
Published: September 2019

Nanobamus macrorhinusSchoch and Milner, 2014 is a small amphibamiform temnospondyl from the early Permian Arroyo Formation of Texas. It is most readily characterized by an elongate and partially subdivided naris. This condition is superficially reminiscent of that seen in the coeval trematopids, the group to whichN. macrorhinuswas originally referred to under an interpretation of the holotype as a larval form. This was discounted by later workers, but the amphibamiform affinities of the specimen were not formalized until recently. The specimen has never been described in the context of its amphibamiform affinities and remains poorly characterized, never having been sampled in a phylogenetic analysis. Here we present a complete, updated osteological description ofN. macrorhinus, including an improved characterization of its unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic features and clarification of the taxon's autapomorphies. Our analysis of the taxon's phylogenetic position within Amphibamiformes shows thatN. macrorhinuswas recovered as diverging after basal amphibamiforms, e.g., the micropholids, and before derived amphibamiforms, e.g., the amphibamids. This is supported by the unique mixture of retained plesiomorphies, e.g., nonforeshortened postparietals and an oval choana, and apomorphies, e.g., a narrow interorbital region and slender palatal rami of the pterygoid. These results reflect the complexity of terrestrial amphibamiform diversity and provide further insight into the evolutionary history of the lissamphibian stem in terrestrial environments.
A MEDIEVAL ENAMEL BELT OR STRAP FITTING AND ITS POSSIBLE CONNECTION WITH THE ARMS OF KING HENRY II
Authors: Fox Paul A
Published: September 2019

Here is described a most intriguing metal object in the possession of the author, with heraldic features that date stylistically to the twelfth century, and likely from the first half century of heraldry in England, when the possession of arms was largely restricted to the baronial class. It is argued that the piece links to the court of Henry ii of England (r. 1154–89) and might preserve the lost arms of that monarch.
Abortion care seeking in India: patterns and predictors
Authors: Sharma Palak , Pradhan Manas Ranjan
Published: September 2019

Unsafe abortions remain a considerable public health problem and continue to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This study assessed whether women’s choice of type of health care facility for abortion in India varied by their socio-demographic and economic characteristics, and aimed to determine the significant predictors of choice of health care facility. Data were taken from the 2015–16 Indian National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4). The study sample included women aged 15–49 years, irrespective of their marital status, who had terminated their last pregnancy by induced abortion in the five years before the survey (N = 6876). A bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the pattern in the choice of health care facility type for an abortion, and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the predictors affecting the choice of health care facility type for an abortion. The results showed that, at the time of the 2015–16 survey, women in India went to private facilities more than public facilities for abortion care, irrespective of their age, distance to facility and financial constraints. The probability of visiting a private facility increased with women’s age, gestational age and the wealth quintile. A wide variation in choice of health facility for abortion care by socioeconomic characteristics was observed.
The fine structure of the germinal mass, brood cavity and birth canal of the rediae of the monoxenous hemiuroid digeneanBunocotyle progeneticaChabaud & Buttner, 1959
Authors: Podvyaznaya I.M. , Petrov A.A. , Galaktionov K.V.
Published: September 2019

Bunocotyle progeneticais a hemiuroid digenean whose sexual adults become fully developed and lay their eggs inside the rediae in the molluscan host. In this study, the fine structure of the germinal mass, brood cavity and birth canal in theB. progeneticarediae was examined using transmission electron and confocal microscopy. The large germinal mass attached to the body wall has a cellular composition typical for this organ. The characteristic traits of this germinal mass are weakly developed supporting tissue and the presence of deep lacunae opening into the brood cavity. These lacunae presumably participate in feeding the deeply lying embryos and facilitate their release into the brood cavity. The germinal mass is also characterized by intensive degeneration of cellular elements, which may represent a mechanism controlling the offspring number, limited in this species by the size of the redial brood cavity. The brood-cavity lining consists of flattened cells bearing lamellar projections and is connected anteriorly with the epithelium of the birth canal. The brood-cavity musculature, which is well developed in other hemiuroid digeneans, is significantly reduced inB. progenetica, most likely because their cystophorous cercariae remain inside the rediae, removing the need for muscle contractions pushing them through the brood cavity. The birth canal comprises three regions distinguished by the structure of the lining and muscle arrangement. The comparison of rediae ofB. progeneticawith parthenitae of other digeneans has shown that the organization of the redial reproductive apparatus in this species may have been influenced by life-cycle modification.
Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infecting four different species of fish-eating birds in New Zealand: genetically identical but morphologically variable
Authors: Presswell B. , Bennett J.
Published: September 2019

Trematodes of the genus Galactosomum are cosmopolitan parasites that infect the intestines of fish-eating birds and mammals. Adults of named Galactosomum species have not been recorded from bird hosts in New Zealand, despite their cercarial stage being known from various studies of the first intermediate host, Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Here we describe a new species of Galactosomum infecting four different piscivorous birds in New Zealand: Caspian terns, red-billed and black-backed gulls and little blue penguins. Specimens from each of these hosts are genetically identical in the genes sequenced, but show considerable morphological variability. Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. is distinguished from most other members of the ‘bearupi-group’ in having a single circle of spines on the ventral sucker, and spines, as opposed to scales, over most of the body. It is most similar to G. bearupi and G. angelae, both from Caspian terns in Australia, but differs in the relative sizes of the reproductive organs and in the possession of a very long forebody. Molecular data confirm that G. otepotiense is not conspecific with G. bearupi, but 28S and ITS2 phylogenies show its close relationship to G. bearupi and other Australian species. We use the cox1 sequence to confirm identity with the larval stage infecting Z. subcarinatus, as previously described in the literature. We discuss briefly the relationships between Australian and New Zealand Galactosomum spp. and their hosts, variability between genetically identical specimens found in different hosts and their potential for harm to mariculture economy.
Influence of artisanal fisheries on the behaviour and social structure ofTursiops truncatusin the South-western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Morales-Rincon Nataly , Morteo Eduardo , Delfín-Alfonso Christian Alejandro
Published: September 2019

Behavioural plasticity in animals is tested whenever competitive interactions for space and/or food resources occur between wildlife and human activities. This study uses the concepts of operational and non-operational interactions between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and artisanal fisheries in Alvarado, to search for differences in behaviour, age structure and group size. We conducted 20 surveys between 2015 and 2016, and recorded 64 groups by means of scan sampling from either a research boat or a fixed vantage point. Average dolphin group size was small (${\bar{\rm x}}$= 3.2, SD = 2.2 individuals) and fewer individuals were commonly present when interaction with fisheries occurred. Operational interactions were defined within the first 30 m and occurred mainly with lone individuals (54% recorded from the lighthouse and 82% during surveys); this benchmark also accounted for higher frequencies in locomotion and feeding (χ2= 83.10; df = 7;P< 0.001). We found a higher rate of new behavioural events for dolphin groups furthest from human activities, as well as a decrease in behaviours that imply greater body exposure as dolphins approach the fishing spots. Age structure and dolphin group size were not different during and in the absence of interaction with fisheries, but most interactions involved male dolphins. Behavioural variations in the dolphins' repertoire are likely a strategy to reduce the risk of injuries or death when interacting with human activities; these dolphins seem to have habituated to or at least tolerate fishing activities within the study area, possibly constituting a sex-biased pressure.
LSD acutely impairs working memory, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility, but not risk-based decision-making
Authors: Pokorny Thomas , Duerler Patricia , Seifritz Erich , Vollenweider Franz X. , Preller Katrin H.
Published: September 2019

Background

Psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are characterized by cognitive impairments, in particular deficits in working memory, decision-making, and executive functions including cognitive flexibility. However, the neuropharmacology of these cognitive functions is poorly understood. The serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor might be a promising candidate for the modulation of cognitive processes. However, pharmacological studies investigating the role of this receptor system in humans are rare. Recent evidence demonstrates that the effects of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are mediated via agonistic action at the 5-HT2A receptor. Yet, the effects of LSD on specific cognitive domains using standardized neuropsychological test have not been studied.

Methods

We examined the acute effects of LSD (100 µg) alone and in combination with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (40 mg) on cognition, employing a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject design in 25 healthy participants. Executive functions, cognitive flexibility, spatial working memory, and risk-based decision-making were examined by the Intra/Extra-Dimensional shift task (IED), Spatial Working Memory task (SWM), and Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.

Results

Compared to placebo, LSD significantly impaired executive functions, cognitive flexibility, and working memory on the IED and SWM, but did not influence the quality of decision-making and risk taking on the CGT. Pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin normalized all LSD-induced cognitive deficits.

Conclusions

The present findings highlight the role of the 5-HT2A receptor system in executive functions and working memory and suggest that specific 5-HT2A antagonists may be relevant for improving cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders.
Early and late presentation of coronary artery fistula: a possible natural progression?
Authors: Zaban Nicholas B. , Elshershari Huda , Hoyer Mark H.
Published: September 2019

We present two patients, one 10 years old and another 43 years old, who both had successful transcatheter closure of left main coronary artery to right atrium fistulas. The older patient had a larger fistula as well as more symptoms and a complicated post-procedure course. Closure of medium or large coronary artery fistulas should be considered at younger ages to minimise future complications.
INNOVATION, GROWTH, AND OPTIMAL MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Annicchiarico Barbara , Pelloni Alessandra
Published: September 2019

This paper examines how innovation-led growth affects optimal monetary policy. We consider the Ramsey policy in a New Keynesian model where R&D leads to an expanding variety of intermediate goods and compare the results with those obtained when the expansion occurs exogenously. Positive trend inflation is found to be optimal under both assumptions, but much higher with profit-seeking innovation. Optimal monetary policy must be counter-cyclical in response to both technology and public spending shocks, yet the intensity of the reaction crucially depends on the presence of an R&D sector. However, the small amount of short-run deviations of prices from the non-zero trend inflation observed in response to shocks suggests inflation targeting as a robust policy recommendation.
A FREQUENCY-DOMAIN APPROACH TO DYNAMIC MACROECONOMIC MODELS
Authors: Tan Fei
Published: September 2019

This article proposes a unified framework for solving and estimating linear rational expectations models with a variety of frequency-domain techniques, some established, some new. The solution methodology is applicable to a wide class of models and leads to straightforward construction of the spectral density for performing likelihood-based inference. We also generalize the well-known spectral decomposition of the Gaussian likelihood function to a composite version implied by several competing models. Taken together, these techniques yield fresh insights into the model’s theoretical and empirical implications beyond conventional time-domain approaches can offer. We illustrate the proposed framework using a prototypical new Keynesian model with fiscal details and two determinate monetary–fiscal policy regimes. The model is simple enough to deliver an analytical solution that makes the policy effects transparent under each regime, yet still able to shed light on the empirical interactions between US monetary and fiscal policies along different frequencies.
Reliability of MTurk Data From Masters and Workers
Authors: Rouse Steven V.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Previous research has supported the use of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for online data collection in individual differences research. Although MTurk Masters have reached an elite status because of strong approval ratings on previous tasks (and therefore gain higher payment for their work) no research has empirically examined whether researchers actually obtain higher quality data when they require that their MTurk Workers have Master status. In two different online survey studies (one using a personality test and one using a cognitive abilities test), the psychometric reliability of MTurk data was compared between a sample that required a Master qualification type and a sample that placed no status-level qualification requirement. In both studies, the Master samples failed to outperform the standard samples.
Bite the Stress Away? Nail Biting and Smoking Predict Maladaptive Stress Coping Strategies
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Adlmann Eva-Maria , Gittler Georg , Pietschnig Jakob
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Psychological correlates of adult nail biting have received little empirical attention so far, despite its high prevalence and negative associations with physical and mental health. One possible correlate of nail biting is arousal modulation, which has also been linked to smoking (i.e., another oral behavior). Here, we link nail biting to an adaptive (i.e., Task-oriented) and two maladaptive stress-coping strategies (i.e., Emotion-oriented, Avoidance-oriented) as well as smoking while controlling for personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics. In all, 838 German-speaking adults ( Mage = 32.02, SD = 13.48; 431 women) completed measures of stress coping (CISS-SF), the Big Five personality traits (Mini-IPIP), and indicated nail biting and smoking behavior. In three theory-guided, hierarchical linear regressions we predicted each stress coping strategy by nail biting and smoking while controlling for personality and socio-demographic characteristics. Oral behaviors had differential effects on maladaptive stress coping strategies: The interaction between nail biting and smoking predicted Emotion-oriented coping, while smoking predicted Avoidance-oriented coping. Both behaviors were unrelated to adaptive, Task-oriented coping. In sum, our results show that nail biting and smoking are important predictors of maladaptive but not adaptive coping strategies, even when controlling for confounders.
Effects of Momentary Affect on Satisfaction Judgments
Authors: Tončić Marko , Anić Petra
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of affect on satisfaction, both at the between- and the within-person level for momentary assessments. Affect is regarded as an important source of information for life satisfaction judgments. This affective effect on satisfaction is well established at the dispositional level, while at the within-person level it is heavily under-researched. This is true especially for momentary assessments. In this experience sampling study both mood and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via hand-held devices ( N = 74 with 2,122 assessments). Several hierarchical linear models were fitted to the data. Even though the amount of between-person variance was relatively low, both positive and negative affect had substantial effects on momentary satisfaction on the between- and the within-person level as well. The within-person effects of affect on satisfaction appear to be more pronounced than the between-person ones. At the momentary level, the amount of between-person variance is lower than in studies with longer time-frames. The affect-related effects on satisfaction possibly have a curvilinear relationship with the time-frame used, increasing in intensity up to a point and then decreasing again. Such a relationship suggests that, at the momentary level, satisfaction might behave in a more stochastic manner, allowing for transient events/data which are not necessarily affect-related to affect it.
Structural Analysis of the Victoria Quadrangle Fault Systems on Mercury: Timing, Geometries, Kinematics, and Relationship with the High‐Mg Region
Authors: Galluzzi V. , Ferranti L. , Massironi M. , Giacomini L. , Guzzetta L. , Palumbo P.
Published: September 2019

Three nonparallel fault systems occur in the Victoria quadrangle of Mercury. The most prominent system (Victoria system) includes the NNW‐SSE trending Victoria Rupes‐Endeavour Rupes‐Antoniadi Dorsum (VEA) array, one of the major fault alignments on the planet, and shorter parallel fault arrays. West and northwest of the Victoria system, two additional fault systems with NE‐SW (Larrocha system) and NW‐SE (Carnegie system) trends, are found. The timing analysis reveals that the three systems are coeval and were active until ~3.7 Ga. Measures of rim offset within faulted craters on the VEA array and on Carnegie Rupes segment of the Carnegie system were used to derive the kinematics of faults and to perform a finite stress inversion, which provides an ENE‐WSW trending regional shortening axis. Results of the stress inversion and age relationships, together with geometrical and morpho‐structural observations, suggest that the NE‐SW and NW‐SE systems acted as right‐transcurrent and left‐transpressional, respectively, at the time when the computed strain field was active. The distribution of the three systems spatially coincides with the boundaries of the high‐Mg region and of other regional geochemical terranes. Lateral geomechanical variation of the crust combined with tidal despinning and global contraction processes drove the localization and slip pattern of faults in a kinematically consistent displacement field. Moreover, crustal heterogeneities controlled the lateral changes in density and spacing of fault segments along the VEA. Following the demise of faulting, the established lateral variation of geometry along the VEA favored the growth of volcanic vents at high‐permeability segment boundaries.
Multiple‐Instance Superparameterization: 2. The Effects of Stochastic Convection on the Simulated Climate
Authors: Jones Todd R. , Randall David A. , Branson Mark D.
Published: September 2019

The cloud‐permitting model (CPM) of the superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SP‐CAM) is a stochastic parameterization. As reported in a companion paper, we have created a variant of SP‐CAM, called MP‐CAM, that uses the averaged feedback of 10 independent two‐dimensional CPMs in each global model column, in place of the single CPM of SP‐CAM. This ensemble‐averaged feedback is interpreted as an approximation to the feedback from a deterministic parameterization. We present evidence that the multiple‐instance superparameterization of MP‐CAM is indeed more deterministic than SP‐CAM. The climates of the SP and MP configurations are compared, giving particular attention to extreme precipitation events and convectively coupled large‐scale tropical weather systems, such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. A number of small but significant changes in the mean state climate are uncovered, and the deterministic parameterization slightly degrades the Madden‐Julian Oscillation simulation.
Deep Structure of the Eastern Himalayan Collision Zone: Evidence for Underthrusting and Delamination in the Postcollisional Stage
Authors: Wang Chun‐Yong , Mooney W. D. , Zhu L. , Wang X. , Lou H. , You H. , Cao Z. , Chang L. , Yao Z.
Published: September 2019

Based on broadband seismic data from 102 stations in the eastern Himalayan collision zone, the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio were determined by using the H‐κ stacking analysis of teleseismic P wave receiver functions. The Moho topography rapidly deepens northward in the northern Lhasa terrane, inferring the northern limit of the Indian plate underthrusting beneath Tibetan Plateau. Our seismic images show that steep subduction of the Indian plate occurs to the west of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis while gentle subduction to the east. The variation of subduction geometry of the Indian plate may be one of the causes for the formation of the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The 2‐D crustal density modeling of the gravity measurements shows that the average crustal density in the eastern Himalayan collision zone is less dense than the global average continental crust, and our preferred model has 5‐ to 10‐km‐thick, high density layer (2,970–3,000 kg/m3) in the lower crust beneath the eastern Lhasa terrane, consistent with mafic underplating. The attributes of a thickened crust with northward deepening Moho and low‐to‐normal Poisson's ratio might be the geophysical signature of delamination beneath the Lhasa terrane and underthrusting of Indian plate. We hypothesize that the orogenic root of the Lhasa terrane was removed by convective‐driven delamination, followed by northward subduction of the Indian plate. Thus, delamination and continental subduction are the dominant deep processes in the postcollisional stage in the eastern Himalayan collision zone.
An Adjoint Sensitivity Model for Steady‐State Sequentially Coupled Radionuclide Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Hayek Mohamed , RamaRao Banda S. , Lavenue Marsh
Published: September 2019

This work presents an efficient mathematical/numerical model to compute the sensitivity coefficients of a predefined performance measure to model parameters for one‐dimensional steady‐state sequentially coupled radionuclide transport in a finite heterogeneous porous medium. The model is based on the adjoint sensitivity approach that offers an elegant and computationally efficient alternative way to compute the sensitivity coefficients. The transport parameters include the radionuclide retardation factors due to sorption, the Darcy velocity, and the effective diffusion/dispersion coefficients. Both continuous and discrete adjoint approaches are considered. The partial differential equations associated with the adjoint system are derived based on the adjoint state theory for coupled problems. Physical interpretations of the adjoint states are given in analogy to results obtained in the theory of groundwater flow. For the homogeneous case, analytical solutions for primary and adjoint systems are derived and presented in closed forms. Numerically calculated solutions are compared to the analytical results and show excellent agreements. Insights from sensitivity analysis are discussed to get a better understanding of the values of sensitivity coefficients. The sensitivity coefficients are also computed numerically by finite differences. The numerical sensitivity coefficients successfully reproduce the analytically derived sensitivities based on adjoint states. A derivative‐based global sensitivity method coupled with the adjoint state method is presented and applied to a real field case represented by a site currently being considered for underground nuclear storage in Northern Switzerland, “Zürich Nordost”, to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show the advantage of the adjoint state method compared to other methods in term of computational effort.