bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derecho al consumo informado: el caso de las bebidas azucaradas en Colombia
Authors: Bernal Camargo Diana Rocío , Bernal Camargo Nancy Milena
Published: April 2020

Introducción: se presenta un análisis sobre el derecho al consumo informado en el caso de las bebidas azucaradas, a través del recorrido administrativo y judicial en Colombia. Metodología: se hace desde una perspectiva jurídica, bioética y médica, señalando cómo la protección judicial de este derecho se da gracias al activísimo social y judicial que se enfrenta con el lobby de la industria, cuyos intereses también inciden, no en el ámbito del acceso a la justicia, pero si en el del diseño de políticas públicas en salud para reducir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas.  Conclusiones: de la revisión de la literatura se encontró que ciertas enfermedades no transmisibles se asocian con el consumo de estos productos, por lo cual en diferentes regiones del mundo se han replanteado medidas para mitigar su impacto, mientras en Colombia el escenario desde las políticas públicas no ha sido favorable.
Entwicklung und Betrieb Digitaler Zwillinge
Authors: Göckel Nicole , Müller Patrick
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Unternehmen können die operative Exzellenz in der Produktion durch datengetriebene Geschäftsprozesse steigern, bei denen der Digitale Zwilling im Zentrum steht. Sein Einsatz verspricht viele Vorteile durch die Option, Anlagen und Maschinenparks in Echtzeit zu überwachen, aus Betriebsdaten Rückschlüsse für Prozess- oder Produktverbesserungen zu ziehen und Mehrwertdienste für Kunden zu realisieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt wichtige Bausteine für entsprechende IoT-Lösungen.
Digitale Zwillinge in Interaktion mit Menschmodellen
Authors: Neumann Marc , Remus Robin , Sauerhoff Maike , Lipphaus Andreas , Uttich Eike , Sure Christian , Baier Johanna , Bartz Marcel , Bender Beate
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Der Digitale Zwilling gewinnt in der Produktentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Während der Fokus bislang auf der digitalen Abbildung von Eigenschaften technischer Produkte oder Prozesse liegt, greift diese Interpretation für solche Systeme zu kurz, die mit dem Menschen interagieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand ausgewählter Forschungsprojekte Potentiale der Kopplung menschbezogener Modelle mit Digitalen Zwillingen aufgezeigt und aktuelle Herausforderungen diskutiert.
Lebensphasenübergreifende Nutzung Digitaler Zwillinge
Authors: Laukotka Fabian , Hanna Michael , Schwede Lea-Nadine , Krause Dieter
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Während digitale Modelle in der Produktentwicklung bereits etabliert sind, werden sie in späteren Produktlebenshasen weniger verwendet. Eine Ergänzung um Systemmodelle sowie Ist-Daten der fertigen Produkte bietet die Möglichkeit, auch nach der Produktion Informationen in Form von Digitalen Zwillingen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit weiteren Digitalen Zwillingen derselben Produktfamilie können sie in einem durchgängigen Datenmodell auch für die Entwicklung neuer Produktgenerationen verwendet werden.
A PSICOMOTRICIDADE RELACIONAL COMO PROPULSORA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOAFETIVO E DA SOCIALIZAÇÃO EM ALUNOS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Santos Halon Ubirajara Brito , João Renato Bastos , Carvalho Juliana Oliveira
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da psicomotricidade relacional nas relações afetivas entre crianças durante aulas de educação física de uma turma da Educação Infantil. Vários teóricos subsidiaram a construção deste trabalho, tais como Lapierre, Aucouturier, Le Boulch, Negrine, dentre outros. Tais autores fundamentam a ideia de que o jogo simbólico e espontâneo contribui para as interações entre as crianças e destas com o estagiário/professor, a partir das quais emergem os conflitos inconscientes que poderão ser trabalhados na mediação pedagógica. Tal investigação, de cunho qualitativo, teve como participantes alunos de uma turma de segundo período da Educação Infantil em uma escola da rede pública de ensino do Distrito Federal. Foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa a observação participante. Os resultados indicam que o uso de objetos dispostos durante as sessões conjuntamente com a mediação pedagógica relacional do estagiário/professor oportunizaram as crianças a expressão de sentimentos não manifestos anteriormente, tanto na relação entre elas quanto com o estagiário e a professora de sala. Através da linguagem corporal e verbal foram desencadeadas pulsões agressivas reprimidas foram, expressão de domínio, dependência fusional, dentre outras. Os problemas afetivos-relacionais das crianças receberam suporte e acolhimento nas sessões, contribuindo para que elas pudessem caminhar ao encontro da resolução dos seus conflitos inconscientes. Conclui-se que a prática de intervenções psicomotoras propulsoras de relações afetivas contribuiu para as crianças tanto no sentido do desenvolvimento integral quanto na formação pessoal, além de ter permitido também que fosse explorada a dimensão do prazer de brincar, que é uma prática pouco explorada pelos professores. Por fim, possibilitou compreender aspectos importantes da função do professor diante da criança e a liberdade que deve ser dada a ela para a expressão dos seus conteúdos psíquicos que são um dos fatores que determinam os processos de socialização.
MODELAGEM DO COMPORTAMENTO TÉCNICO DA LUTA MARAJOARA: DO DESEMPENHO AO EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Campos Ítalo Sergio Lopes , Pinheiro Claudio Joaquim Borba , Gouveia Amauri
Published: April 2020

A Luta Marajoara (LM) é uma modalidade esportiva de combate ainda pouco estudada atualmente. Praticada tradicionalmente no Arquipélago do Marajó, Pará, tal modalidade experimenta nos últimos anos um iminente processo de esportivização. O esforço para sua regulamentação enquanto esporte de combate, no entanto, perpassa por aspectos de natureza técnica, de gestão esportiva e de preservação do seu caráter cultural e tradicional. Nesse sentido, vislumbra-se duas possibilidades de intervenções que não são excludentes. Uma que tenta estruturar a LM enquanto modalidade esportiva de combate, e outra que busca sua inserção enquanto conteúdo educacional, no campo da educação física escolar. Perspectivando atrelar valores científicos e educacionais a LM, o presente ensaio tem como objetivo descrever a LM como esta é praticada hoje, identificando suas principais técnicas, aspectos esportivos e características educativas, buscando aplicações tanto no âmbito esportivo quanto no campo educacional. Além das inserções acadêmicas dos autores com outras modalidades esportivas de combate, o estudo pautou-se em levantamento na literatura especializada, em fonte documental de treinadores tradicionais e em conversas com atletas renomados da região do Marajó. Evidencia-se atualmente que a LM vem apresentando um crescente processo de expansão enquanto modalidade de combate, sendo também perceptível, que em termos educacionais, o seu regionalismo e sua dimensão cultural são aspectos que a vinculam cada vez mais com o conteúdo lutas da disciplina educação física escolar. Com este enfoque espera-se que o estudo possa contribuir, enquanto campo de investigação, para o desenvolvimento de uma genuína luta do norte do Brasil, seja em relação ao seu caráter sociocultural e educativo ou a partir de seu dimensionamento enquanto modalidade esportiva de combate.
Sprawozdanie z czynności Archiwum i Muzeum Archidiecezjalnego oraz Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu 1957-1958
Authors: Urban Wincenty
Published: April 2020

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Bibliografie osobowe pracowników nauki oraz ich przygotowywanie
Authors: Librowski Stanisław
Published: April 2020

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Wykaz akt Archiwum Polskiej Prowincji Stowarzyszenia Apostolstwa Katolickiego w Ołtarzewie [Skrót Archiwum: APPSAC]
Authors: Librowski (red.) Stanisław , Dobkowska (oprac.) Jadwiga Zbigniewa
Published: April 2020

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Rękopisy Biblioteki Kapitulnej w Sandomierzu
Authors: Wójcik Walenty
Published: April 2020

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Seminarium naukowe poświęcone archiwalnym polonikom kościelnym w zbiorach zagranicznych
Authors: Librowski Stanisław
Published: April 2020

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Schematyzmy Diecezji Wileńskiej jako źródło historyczne
Authors: Krahel Tadeusz
Published: April 2020

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Katalog ofiarowanych rękopisów
Authors: Mańkowska Helena
Published: April 2020

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Integrated pragmatic moral education of high school students
Authors: Savchenkov Vladimir I.
Published: April 2020

In article the technique allowing high school students to form a priority of the internal moral principles and a tendency to the positive moral choice is described. Sharp discrepancy of unique individual characteristics of Russians (for example, “emigration from Russia is the most successful for all history of the United States, and the gap with other diasporas is huge”) with the level of a such capacious indicator as the median salary is explained by a little simplifying “rules of the game” followed by society corresponding to “the golden rule of morality”. The authors, who claim that sharp “falling of morals” happened during the last decades, in other works recognize that in days of “the Soviet power” “the double morals”, which are closer to “lack of morals” than to its “originality”, prevailed. Prominent scientists explain small efficiency of huge volume of educational actions in decades of “the Soviet power” with a priority of “pro-social altruism” though the position of “reasonable egoism”, or pragmatism, is more realistic. Progress in “awareness of usefulness and advantage of respect for ethical standards for successful activity, especially in the long term perspective” was made on the basis of complex use of practices of the leading Russian psychologists and teachers: the principle of unity of training and up-bringing, effectiveness of influence of big and small social groups (an analogue of a small group was the pedagogical team), a priority of the training technologies directed to updating of spiritual and moral qualities of the person. Introduction of the technique into “mass” school will demand not only careful development and optimization of methodical recommendations for teachers of each subject. To interest the teacher in this case often is a much more labor-consuming task, than the subsequent interest of students’.
Creativity-based technique of grammar teaching of the English language in non-linguistic university
Authors: Bukovsky Stanislav L. , Litvinov Aleksandr V.
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the analyses and creation of creativity-based technique of English language grammar teaching in non-linguistic University. The conception of this article is creation by the authors of methodological basis of the given creativity based technique of grammar teaching in the non-linguistic University. The authors present the definition and the detailed analyses of the content of the given creativity teaching concept which is based on the methodical principle, techniques and teaching basis. The authors of the article also present the detailed developed algorithm of the given creativity based method of English language grammar teaching in the non-linguistic University.
Effects of nimodipine combined with betahistine on CRP and other inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm
Authors: Liu Xuanwei , Zhao Na’na , Zeng Kexue , Xiao Peng , Sheng Pengjie , Luo Xun , Wang Yulong
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of nimodipine combined with betahistine on the levels of CRP and other inflammatory cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm from March 2016 to September 2018 were enrolled and randomly equally divided into two groups. At 1 week before enrollment, the application of all antihypertensive drugs was stopped. Then amlodipine tablets were used in control group, based on which nimodipine tablets were applied in observation group. All the patients included were followed up for 1 month. The changes in the cerebral vasospasm index in the course of treatment as well as inflammatory cytokines and indicators related to vascular endothelial function at 1 month after treatment were measured and compared between the two groups. The correlations of the cerebral vasospasm index with the changes in inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial function-related factors in the body were analyzed. Finally, the effective rates of blood pressure regulation and cerebral vasospasm treatment were compared, while the adverse reactions and the overall clinical treatment effect of the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The cerebral vasospasm indexes in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group at 3 d, 1 week and 1 month after treatment (p < 0.05). At 1 month after treatment, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in observation group were significantly reduced compared to those in control group (p < 0.05). As for vascular endothelial function-related indicators, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in observation group was markedly lower than that in control group, whereas the level of nitric oxide (NO) was statistically higher than that in control group (p < 0.05). The cerebral vasospasm index was statistically positively correlated with changes in hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and ET-1 (p < 0.05), but negatively correlated with changes in NO (p < 0.05). Besides, the effective rates of blood pressure regulation and cerebral vasospasm treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.05). The overall treatment effective rate in observation group was markedly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: For the treatment of hypertensive cerebral vasospasm, combined application of betahistine on the basis of nimodipine can effectively reduce the body’s aseptic inflammatory responses, improve vascular endothelial function and increase the cerebral circulation blood flow, which offers a favorable strategy for clinical therapy.
Effect of acupuncture on neurovascular units after cerebral infarction in rats through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Linlin , Zeng Kexue , Gai Juanjuan , Zhou Feixiong , Wei Zhenglin , Bao Qinghui
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acupuncture on neurovascular units after cerebral infarction (CI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. METHODS: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 12), model group (n = 12) and acupuncture group (n = 12). The external carotid artery was only exposed in model group, while the post-CI ischemia-reperfusion model was established using the suture method in the other 2 groups. After modeling, the rats in sham group and model group were fixed and sampled, while those in acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture intervention for 2 weeks and sampled. The neurological deficits of rats were evaluated using the Zea-Longa score, and the spatial learning and memory of rats were detected via water maze test. Moreover, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and synuclein (SYN) in brain tissues were detected via immunohistochemistry, and the relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT were detected via Western blotting. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: The Zea-Longa score was significantly increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with that in sham group (p < 0.05), while it significantly declined in acupuncture group compared with that in model group (p < 0.05). The escape latency was significantly prolonged and the times of crossing platform were significantly reduced in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while the escape latency was significantly shortened and the times of crossing platform were significantly increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). The positive expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were obviously increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while they were obviously increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). Besides, model group and acupuncture group had significantly higher relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT than sham group (p < 0.05), while acupuncture group also had significantly higher relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT than model group (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were remarkably increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while they were remarkably increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture promotes the repair of neurovascular units after CI in rats through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect on neurovascular units.
Conventional ultrasound characteristics, TI-RADS category and shear wave speed measurement between follicular adenoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Liu Bo-Ji , Zhang Yi-Feng , Zhao Chong-Ke , Wang Han-Xiang , Li Ming-Xu , Xu Hui-Xiong
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the study was to explore the differences of conventional ultrasound characteristics, thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) category and shear wave speed (SWS) measurement between follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Twenty-eight FTCs and 67 FAs proven by surgery were retrospectively included for analysis. Conventional ultrasound and point-shear wave elastography (p-SWE) were performed in all of the included patients. The ultrasound features, American Thyroid Association (ATA) TI-RADS category and American College of Radiology (ACR) TI-RADS category, SWS measurement were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and area under ROC curve (AUC) was obtained for significant features. There were no statistical differences in mean age (46.9±15.7years vs. 48.6±13.6years, P = 0.639), gender (9 males, 32.1% vs. 18 males, 29.0%, P = 0.766) and mean diameter (28.3±16.2 mm vs. 33.8±11.9 mm, P = 0.077) between FTCs and FAs. Hypoechogenicity, lobulated or irregular margin, macrocalcification were more common in FTCs than FAs (all P < 0.05). Mean SWS of FTCs (2.29±0.64 m/s) was slightly higher than that of FAs (1.94±0.68 m/s) (P = 0.023). The AUCs were 0.655, 0.744, and 0.744 with the cut-off SWS≥1.89 m/s, ACR TI-RADS category 4 and intermediate suspicion of ATA TI-RADS category. The sensitivity and AUC were 82.1% and 0.812 with combined ultrasound features of hypoechogenicity, lobulated or irregular margin and macrocalcification. In Conclusion, SWS measurement and TI-RADS categories were useful for the identification of FTCs from FAs.
Erythrocyte deformability and aggregation in morbidly obese women undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery and effects of oral omega-3 fatty acid supplementation
Authors: Bakker Nathalie , Schoorl Marianne , Demirkiran Ahmet , Cense Huib A. , Houdijk Alexander P.J.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: An adequate erythrocyte function is vital for tissue oxygenation and wound healing. The erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition plays an important role in erythrocyte function and administration of omega-3 fatty acids may provide a means to improve it. OBJECTIVE: To investigate peri-operative erythrocyte function and effects of oral omega-3 fatty acids in morbidly obese women undergoing gastric bypass surgery METHODS: Fifty-six morbidly obese women undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery were randomized between a low calorie diet (LCD) during 2 weeks or oral omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and a normal diet during 4 weeks. Peri-operative blood samples were analyzed with the Lorrca MaxSIS Ektacytometer for erythrocyte deformability and aggregability. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in erythrocyte function between the groups at any time point. Only erythrocyte aggregability parameters were affected by surgery. At six month follow-up, aggregation index (AI) and cholesterol, glucose and insulin were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, oral Omega-3 supplementation did not affect erythrocyte function compared to a LCD. Six months after surgery a significant improvement in AI and metabolic parameters was observed in both groups, contributing to a reduction in the risk at thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications.
The clinical value of Arrival-time Parametric Imaging using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Hu Wenjie , Dong Yi , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Huiping , Li Fan , Bai Min
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical value of Arrival-time Parametric Imaging (At-PI) in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS: For this ethics committee-approved retrospective study, a total of 184 breast lesions in 176 women were included and gray-scale ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and At-PI were performed. In CEUS and At-PI, perfusion patterns, perfusion uniformity and color spatial distribution for lesions were analyzed qualitatively and the maximal diameter ratio of the lesion in accumulated parametric images and that in gray-scale images (MDRAI/GI) and area ratio of the lesion in accumuated parametric images and that in gray-scale images (ARAI/GI) were calculated quantitatively. Kappa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to evaluate the interobserver reproducibility for CEUS and At-PI and the intraobserver reproducibility for At-PI, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PPV, NPV) were calculated for MDRAI/GI and ARAI/GI. RESULTS: Good interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for At-PI were identified. In At-PI, there were statistically significant differences in perfusion patterns, color spatial distribution, MDRAI/GI and ARAI/GI between benign and malignant breast lesions (P < 0.05). The AUCs of MDRAI/GI and ARAI/GI were 0.895 and 0.954, respectively, with no significant difference between them (Z = 1.84, P > 0.05). By using the thresholds of 1.125 for MDRAI/GI and 1.21 for ARAI/GI, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of At-PI were 84.48%, 88.24%, 85.57%, 92.45% and 76.92%, respectively, for MDRAI/GI and 93.10%, 91.18%, 92.39%, 94.74% and 88.57%, respectively, for ARAI/GI. CONCLUSIONS: At-PI is helpful to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions. And MDRAI/GI and ARAI/GI are useful and efficient features for differential diagnosis.
Promoting careers, transfer success and information use and literacy: Evaluation of a health career pipeline program at an urban community college
Authors: Reader Stacia , Gruttadauria Elyse , King Victoria , Atamturktur Seher
Published: April 2020

There is an urgent need for employees from diverse backgrounds in the health field. Community colleges are where many low-income and under-represented students begin their academic career. A career pipeline program was implemented at a community college to promote rigorous health careers, facilitate transfer success and develop information literacy skills. We assessed students’ confidence with fitting into a career, the impact of the program on students’ academic and career choices, salient program components, successes and challenges, and suggestions for improvement. Fifty-nine students enrolled in the program and 64% (n = 38) completed, all were minority students. Students reported increased confidence with fitting into their career and a positive impact on their choice of academic and career paths. Important aspects of the program were exposure to health professionals, mentoring, peer connections, academic and professional skill building, developing information literacy and experiential learning. Most students are either pursing a bachelor degree or have graduated with the intent of pursing graduate degree. Our experience demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a health career pipeline at a community college. Future programs should focus on career and academic skill building, information literacy, mentoring, peer connection, experiential activities, targeted outreach to male students, and facilitating the transfer process.
Baseline Results: The Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology (ASCEND) Study
Authors: Kumar Veena V. , Huang Hanfeng , Zhao Liping , Verble Danielle D. , Nutaitis Alexandra , Tharwani Sonum D. , Brown Alexandra L. , Zetterberg Henrik , Hu William , Shin Ryan , Kehoe Patrick G. , Quyyumi Arshed , Nocera Joe , Kippels Andrea , Wharton Whitney
Published: April 2020

Background: The rate of AD for African Americans (AAs) is 64% higher than for non-Hispanic White Americans (Whites). It is hypothesized that poor peripheral vascular function, in combination with genetics, stress, and inflammation may directly contribute to the accumulation of AD pathologic biomarkers. These risk factors may disproportionately affect AAs. Objective: Our objective was to determine if in a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD (1) AD biomarkers in CSF differ by race, (2) peripheral vascular dysfunction and cognition are related to a higher burden of CSF AD biomarkers, and (3) these relationships differ by race. Methods: We enrolled 82 cognitively normal, middle-aged (45 and older) adults including AAs and Whites at high risk for AD due to parental history. Study procedures included lumbar puncture, vascular ultrasound, and cognitive testing. Results: While participants were in overall good health, AAs exhibited poorer indices of preclinical vascular health, including higher central SBP, central MAP, and EndoPAT AI, a marker of arterial stiffness. AAs also had significantly less cerebrospinal fluid tau burden than Whites. After polynomial regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, education, and ApoE4 status, race significantly modified the relationship between total tau, phospho-tau, and Trails B, a marker of executive function. Small differences in tau correlated with poorer cognition in AAs. Conclusion: In a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD, AAs had worse peripheral vascular health and worse cognition than Whites. Despite lower tau burden overall, race modified the relationship between tau and cognition, such that small differences in tau between AAs was related to worse cognition when compared to Whites.
Proteomics Time-Course Study of App Knock-In Mice Reveals Novel Presymptomatic Aβ42-Induced Pathways to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Schedin-Weiss Sophia , Nilsson Per , Sandebring-Matton Anna , Axenhus Michael , Sekiguchi Misaki , Saito Takashi , Winblad Bengt , Saido Takaomi , Tjernberg Lars O.
Published: April 2020

Background: The 42 amino acids long amyloid-β peptide, Aβ42, may initiate a cascade of events leading to the severe neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be established. Objective: To find early Aβ42-induced AD related mechanisms, we performed a brain proteomics time-course study on a novel App knock-in AD mouse model, AppNL-F, expressing high levels of Aβ42 without AβPP overexpression artifacts. Methods: Hippocampus and cortex were analyzed separately by using 18O-labelling mass spectrometry to reveal alterations in protein levels. Pathway analysis of proteomics data was used to identify altered biological functions. Immunohistochemistry was used to further investigate a significant key regulatory protein. Results: Around 100 proteins were differently expressed in AppNL-F mice at each time point (3, 6, 9, and 18 months of age) as compared to wild type mice. Strikingly, already at 3 months of age—long before Aβ plaque development and memory impairment—several pathways, including long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity, were downregulated, and neuritogenesis was increased. Huntingtin (HTT) was identified as an upstream regulator, i.e., a key protein affecting the levels of several proteins. Increased levels of HTT in hippocampus of AppNL-F mice was supported by immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: Notably, the proteome was significantly altered already at 3 months of age, 6 months before the development of plaques. Differentially expressed proteins varied over time, indicating that increased Aβ42 levels initiate a cascade of events that eventually manifests in amyloid depositions, inflammation, and decline in memory.
A new rough set based bayesian classifier prior assumption
Authors: Feng Naidan , Liang Yongquan
Published: April 2020

Aiming at the imprecise and uncertain data and knowledge, this paper proposes a novel prior assumption by the rough set theory. The performance of the classical Bayesian classifier is improved through this study. We applied the operations of approximations to represent the imprecise knowledge accurately, and the concept of approximation quality is first applied in this method. Thus, this paper provides a novel rough set theory based prior probability in classical Bayesian classifier and the corresponding rough set prior Bayesian classifier. And we chose 18 public datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed model compared with the classical Bayesian classifier and Bayesian classifier with Dirichlet prior assumption. Sufficient experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The mainly impacts of our proposed method are: firstly, it provides a novel methodology which combines the rough set theory with the classical probability theory; secondly, it improves the accuracy of prior assumptions; thirdly, it provides an appropriate prior probability to the classical Bayesian classifier which can improve its performance only by improving the accuracy of prior assumption and without any effect to the likelihood probability; fourthly, the proposed method provides a novel and effective method to deal with the imprecise and uncertain data; last but not least, this methodology can be extended and applied to other concepts of classical probability theory, which providing a novel methodology to the probability theory.
La crisis económica : efectos sobre las distintas tipologías de pobreza a nivel local en España.
Authors: Pérez-Peña María del Carmen
Published: April 2020

La crisis actual está modificando los patrones de comportamiento y está diseñando una nueva estructura socioeconómica en relación con la respuesta territorial a las nuevas situaciones a las que se enfrenta. Esta crisis ha afectado de manera especial a España dentro de la Unión Europea y a sus diferentes Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA), entre ellas Andalucía y a la provincia de Cádiz, ocasionando cambios económicos y sociales. Jerez de la Frontera, municipio perteneciente a esta localidad, presenta significativos cambios socioeconómicos poniendo de manifiesto un nuevo escenario en el perfil de usuario de las prestaciones sociales. Dada la relevancia que representa este municipio en el tejido productivo de la provincia en este trabajo se analiza la situación de la pobreza en Jerez de la Frontera (2009-2014), en aspectos como: pobreza crónica, transitoria recurrente y no recurrente.
Impactos económicos inducidos por la demanda final en sectores estratégicos para el cambio de la estructura productiva del Ecuador.
Authors: Flores Tapia Carlos Ernesto , Flores Cevallos Karla Lissette
Published: April 2020

El cambio de la matriz productiva propuesta por el Gobierno Nacional de Ecuador, se basa en un modelo económico endógeno que tiene como rasgo distintivo básico su estructuración en torno a una función de producción donde la tasa de crecimiento depende básicamente del stock de tres factores productivos: capital físico, capital humano y conocimiento (o progreso técnico). Según Jaramillo (2014), existen sectores económicos estratégicos priorizados por el gobierno central para el cambio de la matriz productiva en los cuales se tienen oportunidades para satisfacer los requerimientos de los mercados interno y externo. El estudio contempla el análisis de impactos económicos en la producción y en el empleo, a partir de cambios en la demanda final de los productos seleccionados bajo tres alternativas de priorización de sectores estratégicos para el cambio de la matriz productiva nacional mediante el método insumo-producto, utilizando la herramienta de simulación desarrollada por el Banco Central del Ecuador (Banco Central del Ecuador, 2017a). La presente investigación contribuye al mejoramiento en la toma de decisiones relacionada con las políticas públicas productivas en Ecuador.
Korszerű eszközök és módszerek a digitális nemzedék körében
Authors: Balázs Brigitta
Published: April 2020

A XXI. században a digitális készségek, kompetenciák elengedhetetlen feltételek a munka világában, így az iskolapadból kilépő diákoknak, - amellett, hogy ez a tevékenység már mindennapi készségszintjük-, tudatosan kell alkalmazni ezeket. A tanároknak nagy felelősségük,hogy a digitális kompetenciákat fejlesszék, lépést tartsanak a virtuális világgal. A mai digitális korban csak a tankönyv alapú oktatás nem felel meg az elvárásoknak, olyan szintre emelkedett az információs és kommunikációs technológia fejlődése, hogy az az oktatásnélkülözhetetlen része kellene, hogy legyen. A diákok nagy része rendelkezik okostelefonnal, internet-szolgáltatással, hisz ennek a generációnak a folytonos online kapcsolat alapfeltétel, ígyaz oktatás is rákényszerül, hogy reagáljon a változásokra. Digitális környezetben új megvilágításban jelennek meg a didaktikai alapelvek és feladatok, amelyek segítik tanulóközpontú tanítást.In the XXI. century digital skills and competency are necessary for most jobs so school leavers must use them consciously though it is their everyday routine. The teachers are the ones who are responsible for developing digital skills and keeping up with the virtual world. In this digital era the book-based education is not enough. The development of information and communication technology is so fast that it must be considered in education as well. Most students have smart phones, internet access, for them being online continuously is a must soconsequently education should react on these changes too. In this digital environment the didactic principles and tasks appear in a completely new context that support student- orientated teaching.
Mengembangkan Potensi Desa Bringin Menjadi Desa Wisata
Authors: Ayu Isdiyana Kusuma
Published: April 2020

Kawasan Desa Bringin adalah salah desa wisata yang dimiliki oleh Kabupaten Malang. Desa Bringin ini memiliki bentangan lahan yang luas yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai objek wisata alam. Sampai saat ini potensi yang sangat melimpah ini masih belum dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan oleh masyarakat setempat. Desain ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis konsep pengembangan desa wisata air terjun Sumber Wiwit. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder. Wilayah desa wisata air terjun Sumber Wiwit terletak dikelilingi tebing tinggi dan tumbuh-tumbuhan hijau yang masih asri sekali udaranya. Potensi wisata ini cukup strategis baik dibidang agrowisata dan potensi lainnya. Dari kondisi di Desa Bringin dapat dijadikan potensi wisata sebagai daya tarik wisatawan yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan kawasan desa wisata. Untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung pengembangan kawasan desa wisata di Desa Bringin dengan menggunakan variabel dengan analisis (1) Mempertahankan keragaman budaya, (2) Usaha tani di desa ini adalah usaha pembibitan sengon, dan (3) Toko souvenir. kesimpulannya bahwa kegiatan sehari-hari yaitu bertani yang adalah ciri khas Desa Bringin sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan desa wisata yang berbasis agrowisata. Desa Bringin juga memiliki wisata air terjun Sumber Wiwit. Konsep pengembangan yang bisa diterapkan antara lain menyediakan rute perjalanan wisata yang mengelilingi kawasan desa wisata.
Microinjection of Salusin-β into the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Inhibits Cardiovascular Function by Suppressing Presympathetic Neurons in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Rats
Authors: LU Y. , WU Y. S. , CHEN D. S. , WANG M. M. , WANG W. Z. , YUAN W. J.
Published: April 2020

Salusin-β is newly identified bioactive peptide of 20 amino acids, which is widely distributed in hematopoietic system, endocrine system, and the central nervous system (CNS). Although salusin-β extensively expressed in the CNS, the central cardiovascular functions of salusin-β are unclear. Our main objective was to determine the cardiovascular effect of microinjection of salusin-β into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in anesthetized rats. Bilateral or unilateral microinjection of salusin-β (0.94-94 µg/rat) into the NTS dose-dependently decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Bilateral NTS microinjection of salusin-β (9.4 µg/rat) did not alter baroreflex sensitivity. Prior application of the glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (0.19 µg/rat, n=9) into the NTS did not alter the salusin-β (9.4 µg/rat) induced hypotension and bradycardia. However, pretreatment with the GABA receptor agonist muscimol (0.5 ng/rat) within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) completely abolished the hypotension (−14±5 vs. −3±5 mm Hg, P<0.05) and bradycardia (−22±6 vs. −6±5 bpm, P<0.05) evoked by intra-NTS salusin-β (9.4 µg/rat). In addition, we found that vagotomy didn’t influence the actions of salusin-β (9.4 µg/rat) in the NTS. In conclusion, our present study shows that microinjection of salusin-β into the NTS significantly produces hypotension and bradycardia, presumably by suppressing the activities of presympathetic neurons in the RVLM.
Subconvulsive Dose of Kainic Acid Transiently Increases the Locomotor Activity of Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: RILJAK V. , MAREŠOVÁ D. , POKORNÝ J. , JANDOVÁ K.
Published: April 2020

Kainic acid (KA) is a potent neurotoxic substance valuable in research of temporal lobe epilepsy. We tested how subconvulsive dose of KA influences spontaneous behavior of adult Wistar rats. Animals were treated with 5 mg/kg of KA and tested in Laboras open field test for one hour in order to evaluate various behavioral parameters. Week after the KA treatment animals were tested again in Laboras open field test. Finally, rat’s brains were sliced and stained with Fluoro-Jade B to detect possible neuronal degeneration. Treatment with KA increased the time spent by locomotion (p<0.01), exploratory rearing (p<0.05) and animals traveled longer distance (p<0.01). These parameters tended to increase thirty minutes after KA administration. Week after the treatment we did not found differences in any measured behavioral parameter. Histology in terms of Fluoro-Jade B staining did not reveal any obvious neuronal damage in hippocampus. These results demonstrate that subconvulsive KA dose changes the behavioral parameters only transiently. Clarification of timing of the KA induced changes may contribute to understand mutual relationship between non-convulsive seizures and behavioral/cognitive consequences.
Pengsembangan Buku Ajar pada Materi Pengukuran Panjang Kelas IV dengan Pendekatan Open Ended untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa di SD Kota Semarang
Authors: Rahayu Ulya Izza
Published: April 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh buku ajar yang kurang detail, kurang latihan soal dan pembahasannya, serta pengembangan materi yang kurang luas terutama pada materi pengukuran panjang di SD Kota Semarang. Tujuan utama penelitian ini untuk mengembankan perangkat pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan open ended yang baik (valid, aktif, dan efektif) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa. Buku ajar yang dikembangkan berupa buku ajar pada materi pengukuran panjang kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Prosedur penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Borg and Gall, dengan memodifikasi langkah-langkah penelitian menjadi : tahap potensi masalah, tahap desain produk, tahap validasi produk, tahap instrumen uji coba, tahap uji coba terbatas. Rata-rata keseluruhan hasil validasi yaitu 4,27. Persentase kenaikan hasil pretest dan posttest sebesar 25,7 %. Maka buku ajar masuk dalam kategori baik, valid dan efektif dalam meningkatkan penalaran siswa.Kata kunci: Buku ajar, Open Ended, Penalaran.
Compressive Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Lee Jin-Myeong , Lee Jung-Eum , Kim Ji-Hoon , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: April 2020

Lattice structures are multi-functional materials with various advantages such as high specific stiffness, high energy absorption capacity and good thermal management capability. Recently, the development of manufacturing technologies using metal powders has facilitated fabrication of complex products; consequently, interest in lattice structures has grown. In this work, two kinds of lattice structures, pyramidal and tetrahedral, were designed and fabricated via a selective laser melting (SLM) process using stainless steel 316L powder. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM) results revealed that lattice structures with various unit cell sizes and angles of inclination can be manufactured using SLM without the need for additional support structures. However, many unmelted and partially melted particles were observed on the surface of the lattice structures, which caused dimensional errors related to the struts. This research examined the effects of topology and unit cell design parameters on the macroscopic compressive behavior of lattice structures. Compressive characteristics, including elastic modulus, initial peak stress, strain energy absorption and mean stress, were evaluated through uniaxial compression tests. Lattice structures with the same relative density exhibited excellent elastic modulus, initial peak stress, energy absorption and mean stress results at inclination angles of 45–50°. These characteristics showed a tendency to increase with increasing relative density at the same inclination angle. The experimental results suggested these design parameters are the main factors influencing the mechanical characteristics of lattice structures.
The Goodsir brothers from Fife, Scotland: contributions to anatomy, marine zoology and Arctic exploration in the nineteenth century
Authors: Moore P. G.
Published: April 2020

Three Goodsir brothers, John, Henry (“Harry”) and Robert, from Fife, Scotland, all shared an early interest in marine zoology in the early 1800s. They all went on to receive medical training, with the eldest brother, John, eventually becoming Professor of Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. John's primary claim to biological fame rests on his contributions to cell-doctrine, in which his eminence was on a par with that of Rudolf Virchow. In his youth, however, John (in concert with younger brother Harry) had become interested in marine zoology, and, as students in Edinburgh, they shared rooms with marine zoologist Edward Forbes. Harry Goodsir, however, was much more of a marine naturalist than John. His life was tragically cut short by his perishing, together with the rest of his shipmates on HMS Erebus, on the third Franklin expedition to the Arctic regions, that one being by ship during a quest for the elusive Northwest Passage. A younger brother, Robert, undertook two later Arctic voyages in search of Harry and his doomed shipmates, making natural history observations on sea birds and marine organisms along the way.
Robert McCormick's geological collections from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, 1839–1843
Authors: Stone Philip
Published: April 2020

Robert McCormick (1800–1890) took part in three mid-nineteenth-century British Polar expeditions, two to the Arctic and one to the Antarctic. The latter, from 1839 to 1843 and led by James Clark Ross, is the best known. McCormick served as senior surgeon on HMS Erebus and was responsible for the collection of zoological and geological specimens. Despite the novelty and potential scientific importance of these early geological collections from Antarctica and remote islands in the Southern Ocean, they received surprisingly little attention at the time. Ross deposited an official collection with the British Museum in 1844, soon after the expedition's return, and this was supplemented by McCormick's personal collection, bequeathed in 1890. McCormick had contributed brief and idiosyncratic geological notes to the expedition report published by Ross in 1847, but it was not until 1899 that an informed description of the Antarctic rocks was published, and only in 1921 were McCormick's palaeobotanical specimens from Kerguelen examined. His material from other Southern Ocean islands received even less attention; had it been utilized at the time it would have supplemented the better-known collections made by the likes of Charles Darwin. In later life, McCormick became increasingly embittered over the lack of recognition afforded to him for his work in the Polar regions. Despite that contemporary neglect, his collections from the Ross Antarctic expedition provide unique insight into the geological work of nineteenth-century British naval surgeons.
Trastorno Cognitivo Comunicativo
Authors: Ambiado Lillo Manuel Matias
Published: April 2020

En la actualidad el trastorno cognitivo comunicativo es una etiqueta diagnóstica muy recurrente en el  quehacer fonoaudiológico. Sin embargo, en el contexto clínico y académico que contempla tanto a estudiantes como a profesionales, las características clínicas, etiológicas y afecciones concomitantes no están claras ni generalizadas a todo el gremio. Históricamente las alteraciones cognitivo comunicativas se han descrito como aquellas dificultades de la comunicación relacionadas con déficits lingüísticos, sobre todo en sintaxis, semántica y/o habilidades metalingüísticas, así como funciones cognitivas no lingüísticas, principalmente atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Las causas más comunes del trastorno cognitivo comunicativo son Enfermedad de Alzheimer, ataques cerebrovasculares, tumores cerebrales y traumatismos craneoencefálicos.

Por la confusión que se presenta en muchos casos, la primera distinción que se debe realizar es entre cuadros afásicos y trastornos cognitivos comunicativos, distinción que presenta como principal indicador la presencia de anomia, síntoma nuclear de los cuadros afásicos. Actualmente existe un creciente interés empírico y clínico en integrar los dominios cognitivos de atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en individuos con afasia. Lo que deriva en un reconocimiento de la concomitancia que puede existir entre afasia y trastorno cognitivo comunicativo.