bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-compassion and suicide risk: a moderated mediation model and evidence from Chinese universities
Authors: Ge Dandan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Suicide is a major social and public health problem in the world. It is important to identify protective and risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and suicide risk.

Methods

1143 college students were surveyed by using Chinese Self-Compassion Scale (CSCS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Chinese Version (DASS-21), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R).

Results

Negative self-compassion had a significant positive predictive effect on college students' suicide risk; in the model of negative self-compassion affecting suicide risk, negative emotions played a mediating role and the mediating role was moderated by resilience. Specifically, compared with low resilience, students with high resilience have a weaker ability to predict suicide risk by negative emotions.

Discussion

Negative self-compassion is a risk factor for suicide risk, reducing negative self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and enhancing resilience has a guiding effect on suicide prevention and intervention.
A new perspective on special effective interventions for metabolic syndrome risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haonan , Dai Yinghong , Huang Sike , Rong Siyu , Qi Yufei , Li Bin
Published: July 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has the largest global burden of all noncommunicable diseases. Owing to the clinical heterogeneity of MetS, wide variations have been reported in the efficacy of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and intermittent fasting (IF) for improving MetS. We searched five databases for randomized controlled trials published through December 2021, and 372 participants from 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with MVPA alone, IF combined with MVPA had a more significant effect on improving body mass and levels of fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; however, it was ineffective in improving triglycerides level, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analysis showed that, except for blood pressure, time-restricted fasting combined with MVPA had a better effect than alternate-day fasting with MVPA. Meanwhile, when the intervention lasted longer than 8 weeks, the effect of the combined intervention was significantly better than that of MVPA alone. This finding provides a basis for clinicians to manage the health of overweight individuals. This study also showed that Caucasians may be more suitable for the combined intervention than Asians. And the combined intervention may provide a preventive effect for MetS risk factors in healthy populations, although this may be due to the small sample size. In general, this study provides a novel perspective on special interventions for MetS traits.
The association between adherence to diet quality index and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamadi Azam , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , AkbarySedigh Assa , Ghorbani Moloud , Clark Cain C. T. , Aali Yasaman , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: July 2023

Background

Obesity and overweight status increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet quality can also predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in obese and overweight patients. Therefore, in this study, we sought to examine the relationship between diet quality index (DQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese and overweight women.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 Iranian women with a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25, 18–48 years, and recruited from 20 Tehran Health Centers. Nutrition intake and DQI were assessed using a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Additionally, anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical evaluations, and cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated.

Results

There was an association between DQI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and CHOLINDEX in obese women, after adjusting for potential confounders. Whereas, there were no significant associations of the tertiles of DQI compared with the first tertile in other cardiometabolic risk factors, before and after adjustment.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that dietary intake and DQI are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and that dietary modification may be a predictor for reducing WHR, AIP, and CHOLINDEX. However, more research is needed to develop a DQI that reflects changes in cardiometabolic risk factors by considering women's eating habits and patterns.
Safety reporting of Essure medical device: a qualitative and quantitative assessment on the FDA manufacturer and user facility device experience database in 2018
Authors: Zou Chenyu , Davis Brandy , Wigle Patricia R. , Hincapie Ana L. , Guo Jeff Jianfei
Published: July 2023

Background

There have been numerous cases of adverse events since the introduction of Essure medical devices for sterilization in 2002. This study analyzed the safety event reports of the Essure reported in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE).

Methods

A retrospective analysis examined the MAUDE reports between Jan-1, 2018, and Oct-31, 2018 and focused on safety reports related to the Essure device. Safety reports were categorized and analyzed by their event type, device problem, patients’ symptoms and the level of harm. Of this study cohort, 10% of samples were randomly selected for quantitative analyses. Thematic analysis was conducted for reports included death cases.

Results

A total of 4,994 eligible reports were analyzed. There were ten reports associated with individuals’ deaths, and the main themes of safety reports from qualitative analysis were pains, bleeding, surgery, migraine, and infection. Quantitative analysis of 500 randomly selected samples showed that 98% of adverse event reports were associated with different injuries such as surgery, pain, bleeding, hysterectomy, and menorrhagia. Additionally, more than 90% of reports were submitted by the manufacturer.

Conclusion

These findings indicated several safety issues of Essure. More meaningful pre- and post-marketing surveillance and regulation are warranted in the medical device market to ensure safety and effectiveness, including investigating complaints, promptly sharing relevant information with regulators and users, and implementing corrective actions
Towards a quantum ready workforce: the updated European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies
Authors: Greinert Franziska , Müller Rainer , Goorney Simon , Sherson Jacob , Ubben Malte S.
Published: July 2023

The European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies is rapidly evolving into the basic common language for educational efforts, comparison of training offerings, mapping of courses and development of educational modules. It has been compiled within the European Quantum Flagship coordination and support projects QTEdu and QUCATS. It is central, e.g., in the European Quantum Readiness Center and will be the starting point for a European certification scheme to standardise industry training. For version 2.0, released in April 2023, the framework has been updated and extended, e.g., with descriptions of the proficiency levels A1 to C2. The framework is structured into eight domains with 42 subdomains, each covering several topics and subtopics. This report briefly documents the update process and the role of the framework in quantum technology education.
What Tools Are in Your Coping Toolbox?
Authors: Kapoğlu Naz , Ruiz Y Kärkkäinen Dalila , Tapio Laura , ter Haar Sam B. , den Hertog Marianne , Huijgen Rowan , Harrewijn Anita , Godor Brian P. , Van der Hallen Ruth
Published: July 2023

When we face difficult situations, everyone has a different way of managing them. There are many things we can do to help ourselves deal with tough feelings or situations—which is also referred to as coping. Coping means finding ways to deal with tough feelings or situations. For instance, imagine getting a disappointing grade on a school project. You might feel upset and decide to talk about it with your parents, while your classmate might turn to their teacher and ask for a higher grade. Have you ever thought about why each of us responds differently to difficult situations? What exactly is coping, and what are some of the ways people cope? How do we learn to cope? Is there one best way to cope? In this article, we will tell you what scientists have discovered about coping. Matilda is excited about her upcoming field trip. Jamie promised Matilda that he would sit next to her on the school bus. As Matilda gets on the bus, she sees Jamie sitting next to someone else! Now Matilda feels sad. What can Matilda do to deal with this difficult situation? She could avoid Jamie. Or she could confront Jamie and try to get him to sit next to her. What Matilda does to manage the upsetting situation is what scientists call coping.
Does meaningful work mediate the relationship between empowering leadership and mental health? Evidence from Malaysian SME employees
Authors: Jalil Muhammad Farhan , Tariq Bilal , Ali Azlan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for more than half of all employment and 98.7% of all businesses. There is little research on empowering behaviors in SMEs, despite leadership empowerment being often practiced. Therefore, the study aims to investigate how empowering leadership affects employees' mental health. The study also reveals meaningful work's role in mediating the relationship between empowering leadership and employees' mental health.

Methods

A stratified random sample approach was used to collect data from 516 employees of Malaysian SMEs. The data was analyzed, and the hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling (AMOS 21.0) with bootstrap confidence intervals computed to evaluate the mediating effect.

Results

The results demonstrate that empowering leadership significantly improves employees' mental health. Furthermore, the association between empowering leadership and mental health is partially mediated by meaningful work.

Discussion

This study contributes to the present empowering leadership-meaningful work-mental health model for SME employees, which reduces stress and anxiety at the workplace and positively impacts psychological empowerment and their capacity to control their overall emotions in instances of success.
A randomized controlled study of a psycho-behavioral intervention combined with a non-benzodiazepine to improve perioperative sleep quality in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jing Wang , Chunlin Zhao , Xue Yang , Tingting He , Linyan Yuan , Xiao Chen , Lingli Li
Published: July 2023

Objective

To clarify the effectiveness and safety of psycho-behavioral intervention combined with a non-benzodiazepine to improve perioperative sleep quality in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, and also to explore the optimal dosage of non-benzodiazepine (oral zolpidem tartrate) to form a standardized sleep quality management process to promote accelerated recovery of patients.

Methods

240 patients undergoing initial unilateral total knee arthroplasty between January and December 2016 were prospectively included and randomly divided into blank control group (group A), psycho-behavioral intervention group (group B), zolpidem tartrate 10 mg group (group C), and psycho-behavioral intervention + zolpidem tartrate 5 mg group (group D). Sleep, pain, psychological, and knee function scores were compared.

Results

There were significant differences between the four groups with respect to Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores, sleep efficiency, Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, inflammatory indices, pain, and enhanced recovery after surgery indices during hospitalization (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Psychological behavioral intervention combined with non-benzodiazepine can improve the perioperative quality of sleep. Compared with drug intervention alone, it reduces the dosage of non-benzodiazepine, alleviates anxiety, improves patient satisfaction, and enhances the quality of life.
Intensive neurorehabilitation and allogeneic stem cells transplantation in canine degenerative myelopathy
Authors: Gouveia Débora , Correia Jéssica , Cardoso Ana , Carvalho Carla , Oliveira Ana Catarina , Almeida António , Gamboa Óscar , Ribeiro Lénio , Branquinho Mariana , Sousa Ana , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Patrícia , Moreira Alícia , Coelho André , Rêma Alexandra , Alvites Rui , Ferreira António , Maurício Ana Colette , Martins Ângela
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a neurodegenerative spinal cord disease with upper motor neurons, with progressive and chronic clinical signs, similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). DM has a complex etiology mainly associated with SOD1 gene mutation and its toxic role, with no specific treatment. Daily intensive rehabilitation showed survival time near 8 months but most animals are euthanized 6–12 months after clinical signs onset.

Methods

This prospective controlled blinded cohort clinical study aims to evaluate the neural regeneration response ability of DM dogs subjected to an intensive neurorehabilitation protocol with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation. In total, 13 non-ambulatory (OFS 6 or 8) dogs with homozygous genotype DM/DM and diagnosed by exclusion were included. All were allocated to the intensive neurorehabilitation with MSCs protocol (INSCP) group (n = 8) or to the ambulatory rehabilitation protocol (ARP) group (n = 5), which differ in regard to training intensity, modalities frequency, and MSCs transplantation. The INSCP group was hospitalized for 1 month (T0 to T1), followed by MSCs transplantation (T1) and a second month (T2), whereas the ARP group was under ambulatory treatment for the same 2 months.

Results

Survival mean time of total population was 375 days, with 438 days for the INSCP group and 274 for the ARP group, with a marked difference on the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. When comparing the literature's results, there was also a clear difference in the one-sample t-test (p = 0.013) with an increase in time of approximately 70%. OFS classifications between groups at each time point were significantly different (p = 0.008) by the one-way ANOVA and the independent sample t-test.

Discussion

This INSCP showed to be safe, feasible, and a possibility for a long progression of DM dogs with quality of life and functional improvement. This study should be continued.
The Independent Effects of Kidney Length and Vascular Plaque on Ten-Year Outcomes of Extended Criteria Donor Kidney Transplants
Authors: Tanriover Bekir , Stewart Darren , Kamal Layla , Saeed Muhammad , Cooper Matthew , Foutz Julia , McGehee Harrison , Gupta Gaurav
Published: July 2023

The independent effects of deceased donor kidney length and vascular plaque on long-term graft survival are not established. Utilizing DonorNet attachments from 4,480 expanded criteria donors (ECD) recovered between 2008 and 2012 in the United States with at least one kidney biopsied and transplanted, we analyzed the relationship between kidney length and vascular plaques and 10-year hazard of all-cause graft failure (ACGF) using causal inference methods in a Cox regression framework. The composite plaque score (range 0–4) and the presence of any plaque (yes, no) was also analyzed. Kidney length was modeled both categorically (<10, 10–12, >12 cm) as well as numerically, using a restricted cubic spline to capture nonlinearity. Effects of a novel composite plaque score 4 vs. 0 (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.23) and the presence of any vascular plaque (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.20) were attenuated after adjustment. Likewise, we identified a potential nonlinear relationship between kidney length and the 10-year hazard of ACGF, however the strength of the relationship was attenuated after adjusting for other donor factors. The independent effects of vascular plaque and kidney length on long-term ECD graft survival were found to be minimal and should not play a significant role in utilization.
Optimal Maintenance Schedule for a Wind Power Turbine with Aging Components
Authors: Yu Quanjiang , Carlson Ola , Sagitov Serik
Published: July 2023

Wind power is one of the most important sources of renewable energy available today. A large part of the cost of wind energy is due to the cost of maintaining wind power equipment. When a wind turbine component fails to function, it might need to be replaced under circumstances that are less than ideal. This is known as corrective maintenance. To minimize unnecessary costs, a more active maintenance policy based on the life expectancy of the key components is preferred. Optimal scheduling of preventive maintenance activities requires advanced mathematical modeling. In this paper, an optimal preventive maintenance algorithm is designed using the renewal-reward theorem. In the multi-component setting, our approach involves a new idea of virtual maintenance that allows us to treat each replacement event as a renewal event even if some components are not replaced by new ones. The proposed optimization algorithm is applied to a four-component model of a wind turbine, and the optimal maintenance plans are computed for various initial conditions. The modeling results clearly show the benefit of PM planning compared to a pure CM strategy (about 30% lower maintenance cost).
Contribution to the Study of Perioperative Factors Affecting the Restoration of Dog’s Mobility after Femoral Head and Neck Excision: A Clinical Study in 30 Dogs
Authors: Krystalli Androniki , Sideri Aikaterini , Kazakos George M. , Anatolitou Anthi , Prassinos Nikitas N.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to compare postoperative analgesia and the time of limb weight bearing induced by the intraoperative administration of a local anesthetic at the site of the femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in dogs, with and without the administration of preoperative epidural anesthesia. Additionally, the impact of postoperative opioid drug administration on weight-bearing time was examined. This randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study included 30 client-owned dogs. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C), each further divided into two subgroups (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2). Group A received epidural anesthesia and ropivacaine at the ostectomy site, Group B received only ropivacaine, and Group C served as the control group. Subgroup 1 received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug postoperatively, while Subgroup 2 had tramadol added to their regimen. Pain assessment was conducted using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and an algometer. The study concluded that multimodal analgesia, utilizing all the aforementioned analgesic techniques, resulted in faster limb weight bearing for dogs undergoing FHNE.
Impact of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Camel Testicular Function: Environmental Contamination and Reproductive Health
Authors: Ullah Saif , Ennab Wael , Wei Quanwei , Wang Changfa , Quddus Abdul , Mustafa Sheeraz , Hadi Tavakolikazerooni , Mao Dagan , Shi Fangxiong
Published: July 2023

The free grazing habits of camels from various sources may cause heavy metals to bioaccumulate in their tissues and organs, possibly resulting in higher amounts of these toxic substances in their bodies over time. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure impact of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on bull camels of the Lassi breed, aged 7 to 8 years, at a site near the industrial area and another two non-industrial sites, to analyze the presence of heavy metals. Samples from three sites were collected from thirty camels (n = 10/each), soil and water (n = 30), and five different plants (n = 15/each) for analysis. Testes were collected for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum samples were obtained to measure testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Samples were obtained from plants, soil, water, blood, serum and urine for AAS. According to the results, the testes’ weight, length, width, and volume significantly decreased at the industrial site compared with the other two sites as a result of exposure to Cd and Pb. Additionally, blood testosterone concentrations were considerably lower at the industrial site, indicating a detrimental impact on testicular steroidogenesis. The histological investigation of the industrial site indicated structural disturbances, including seminiferous tubule degeneration and shedding, cellular debris in seminiferous tubules, lining epithelium depletion, and vacuolation. Elevated amounts of Cd and Pb were found at the industrial site when analyzed using water, soil, plants, testes, serum, and urine. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of Pb and Cd exposure on camel testicular function, including decreased weight and altered steroidogenesis. These findings are essential for understanding the impact of exposure to Pb and Cd on camel reproductive function and for developing successful prevention and management plans for these exposures in this species.
Nutritional Composition and In Vitro Ruminal Digestibility of Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) in Monoculture or Interseeded with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and Lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet)
Authors: Aguerre Matias Jose , Peña Omar Manuel , Velasquez Cesar , Ferreira Gonzalo
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of interseeding crabgrass (CG) with two annual summer legumes on forage nutritional composition, dry matter (DM) yield, and in vitro fiber digestibility. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replicates per treatment. Plots were randomly assigned to one of six forage mix treatments. Crabgrass, cowpea (CWP), and lablab (LL) were planted in monoculture or in mixtures, resulting in six treatments. Throughout the growing season (three cuts), CG had the highest biomass yield, followed by the CG grown in mixtures with CWP and LL, whereas the two annual legume monocultures had the lowest yield. Cowpea and LL planted in monocultures had the highest concentration of CP and fiber digestibility, while the CG monoculture had the lowest. Furthermore, growing CG in a mixture with CWP and LL boosted the CP concentration and fiber digestibility to intermediate levels to those observed between both legume monocultures and CG. Regardless of treatment, the highest forage quality and yield was observed in the first harvest, with a drastic decline in the following harvests. In conclusion, the benefits of mixing crabgrass with legumes might be less than expected and should be carefully evaluated by livestock producers, especially when considering the effects of DM yield, forage quality, and pasture seeding costs.
Portulaca oleracea L. Polysaccharide Inhibits Porcine Rotavirus In Vitro
Authors: Zhou Xiechen , Li Yan , Li Tao , Cao Junyang , Guan Zijian , Xu Tianlong , Jia Guiyan , Ma Gaopeng , Zhao Rui
Published: July 2023

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of death in young piglets. Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) belongs to the genus Rotavirus within the family Reoviridae, and is considered to be the primary pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets. Portulaca oleracea L. (POL) has been reported to alleviate diarrhea and viral infections. However, the antiviral effect of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POL-P), an active component of POL, on PoRV infection remains unclear. This study demonstrated that the safe concentration range of POL-P in IPEC-J2 cells is 0–400 μg/mL. POL-P (400 μg/mL) effectively inhibits PoRV infection in IPEC-J2 cells, reducing the expression of rotavirus VP6 protein, mRNA and virus titer. Furthermore, on the basis of viral life cycle analysis, we showed that POL-P can decrease the expression of PoRV VP6 protein, mRNA, and virus titer during the internalization and replication stages of PoRV. POL-P exerts antiviral effects by increasing IFN-α expression and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 inflammatory factors. Overall, our study found that POL-P is a promising candidate for anti-PoRV drugs.
Influence of Anti-Coccidial Compounds and Phytogenic Saponin Extracts on In Vitro and In Vivo Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Production of Cattle
Authors: Trotta Ronald J. , Kreikemeier Kelly K. , Foote Scott , McLeod Kyle R. , Harmon David L.
Published: July 2023

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate sources of anti-coccidial compounds and phytogenic saponin extracts on in vitro and in vivo ruminal fermentation and CH4 production at multiple inclusion levels. In experiment 1, eight steers were fed either a finishing diet or a finishing diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg BW decoquinate (DCQ) and 3.33 mg/kg BW Yucca schidigera extract (YSE), and respiratory gas exchange was measured. In experiment 2, four ruminally-cannulated steers were fed the same treatments as experiment 1, and ruminal fermentation was evaluated. Anti-coccidial sources (experiment 3; monensin, DCQ, amprolium) and saponin sources (experiment 4; YSE, Quillaja saponaria extract) and levels were evaluated for effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and CH4 production. DCQ + YSE supplementation did not influence (p ≥ 0.24) in vivo respiratory gas consumption/production, in situ DM degradation, or liquid passage kinetics. Ruminal propionate proportion tended to increase (p = 0.09) with DCQ + YSE. Monensin decreased (p ≤ 0.04) in vitro acetate:propionate and CH4 production; saponin supplementation linearly increased (p < 0.01) propionate proportion but did not influence (p ≥ 0.38) in vitro CH4 production. Saponins and non-antibiotic anti-coccidials did not influence in vitro or in vivo CH4 production with finishing diets.
The Effect of Capsaicin on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity and Gut Micro-Organisms of Calves
Authors: Su Minqiang , She Yuanhang , Deng Ming , Guo Yongqing , Li Yaokun , Liu Guangbin , Zhang Hui , Sun Baoli , Liu Dewu
Published: July 2023

Capsaicin is the active ingredient of the red pepper plant of the genus Capsicum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of capsaicin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, fecal fermentation parameters and gut microbial composition in nursing calves. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, which each consisted of eight calves. The milk replacer was supplemented with 0, 0.15 or 0.3 mL/d of capsaicin in each of the three treatment groups. During the 4-week experiment, intake was recorded daily, body weight and body size parameters were measured at the beginning and end of the trial and serum samples and rectal fecal samples were collected at the end of the trial to determine serum parameters, fecal fermentation parameters and fecal microbiome compartments. The results showed that both doses of capsaicin had no negative effect on the growth performance or the fecal fermentation parameters of calves, and the higher dose (0.3 mL/d) of capsaicin significantly improved the antioxidant capacity and immunity of calves. The calves in the high-dose capsaicin-treated group had lower fecal scores than those recorded in the control group. High doses of capsaicin increased glutathione antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and interleukin-10 levels and decreased malondialdehyde and bound bead protein levels. In addition, capsaicin regulated the gut microbiota, reducing the abundance of diarrhea-associated bacteria, such as Eggerthella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, in the gut of calves in the treated group. Therefore, high doses of capsaicin can improve the antioxidant and immune capacity of calves without affecting growth performance, as well as improve the gut microbiological environment, which enables the healthy growth of calves.
QPDE: Quantum Neural Network Based Stabilization Parameter Prediction for Numerical Solvers for Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta
Published: July 2023

We propose a Quantum Neural Network (QNN) for predicting stabilization parameter for solving Singularly Perturbed Partial Differential Equations (SPDE) using the Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization technique. SPDE-Q-Net, a QNN, is proposed for approximating an optimal value of the stabilization parameter for SUPG for 2-dimensional convection-diffusion problems. Our motivation for this work stems from the recent progress made in quantum computing and the striking similarities observed between neural networks and quantum circuits. Just like how weight parameters are adjusted in traditional neural networks, the parameters of the quantum circuit, specifically the qubits’ degrees of freedom, can be fine-tuned to learn a nonlinear function. The performance of SPDE-Q-Net is found to be at par with SPDE-Net, a traditional neural network-based technique for stabilization parameter prediction in terms of the numerical error in the solution. Also, SPDE-Q-Net is found to be faster than SPDE-Net, which projects the future benefits which can be earned from the speed-up capabilities of quantum computing.
Kind Regards in These Difficult Times: Anglo–Soviet Architectural Relations during the Second World War
Authors: Malich Ksenia
Published: July 2023

The present article examines Anglo–Soviet architectural relations during the Second World War, the peculiarities of the perception of foreign experience, and the mutual professional interests. This paper aims to find evidence of multilateral and immensely diverse contacts and examine the reasons for and routes of such collaborations and the actors and institutions involved in the processes. This research attempts to construct new criteria for evaluating professional architectural relationships in the context of ideological and non-ideological obstacles. For this reason, this paper draws data from a wide range of sources, including the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), the Schusev State Museum of Architecture (GNIMA), and research from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Berthold Lubetkin and Erno Goldfinger archives.
Towards a Volunteered Geographic Information-Facilitated Visual Analytics Pipeline to Improve Impact-Based Weather Warning Systems
Authors: Vrotsou Katerina , Navarra Carlo , Kucher Kostiantyn , Fedorov Igor , Schück Fredrik , Unger Jonas , Neset Tina-Simone
Published: July 2023

Extreme weather events, such as flooding, are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Therefore, the prediction of extreme weather events, assessment of their local impacts in urban environments, and implementation of adaptation measures are becoming high-priority challenges for local, regional, and national agencies and authorities. To manage these challenges, access to accurate weather warnings and information about the occurrence, extent, and impacts of extreme weather events are crucial. As a result, in addition to official sources of information for prediction and monitoring, citizen volunteered geographic information (VGI) has emerged as a complementary source of valuable information. In this work, we propose the formulation of an approach to complement the impact-based weather warning system that has been introduced in Sweden in 2021 by making use of such alternative sources of data. We present and discuss design considerations and opportunities towards the creation of a visual analytics (VA) pipeline for the identification and exploration of extreme weather events and their impacts from VGI texts and images retrieved from social media. The envisioned VA pipeline incorporates three main steps: (1) data collection, (2) image/text classification and analysis, and (3) visualization and exploration through an interactive visual interface. We envision that our work has the potential to support three processes that involve multiple stakeholders of the weather warning system: (1) the validation of previously issued warnings, (2) local and regional assessment-support documentation, and (3) the monitoring of ongoing events. The results of this work could thus generate information that is relevant to climate adaptation decision making and provide potential support for the future development of national weather warning systems.
Optical and Physical Characteristics of Aerosol Layers in Australia Based on CALIPSO
Authors: Zhang Miao , Deng Qilin , Wang Na , Chen Shiyong , Wang Yunuo , Lu Fengxian , Qi Pengcheng
Published: July 2023

Atmospheric aerosols have important impacts on global radiative forcing, air pollution, and human health. This study investigated the optical and physical properties of aerosol layers over Australia from 2007 to 2019 using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Level 2 aerosol products. Australia was divided into three sub-regions (western highlands, central plains, and eastern ranges). Interannual and seasonal optical property variations in aerosol layers in the three sub-regions were analyzed and compared. Results showed that annual mean values of AODL (lowest aerosol layer AOD) and AODT (total AOD of all aerosol layers) were always higher in the eastern ranges region than the other two regions from 2007 to 2019. The reason could be that Australian population was predominantly located in the eastern ranges region, where more human activities could bring significant aerosol loadings. BL (base height of the lowest aerosol layer), HL (top height of the lowest aerosol layer), and HH (top height of the highest aerosol layer) all showed trends of “western highlands > eastern mountains > central plains”, indicating that the higher the elevation, the higher the BL, HL, and HH. TL (thickness of the lowest aerosol layer) was higher during the day than at night, which might account for increased diurnal atmospheric convection and nocturnal aerosol deposition. DRL (depolarization ratio of the lowest aerosol layer) was higher in the western highlands and central plains than the eastern mountains, probably because these two regions have large deserts with more irregularly shaped dust aerosols. CRL (color ratio of the lowest aerosol layer) had slightly higher values in the eastern ranges than the other two regions, probably due to the wet climate of the eastern ranges, where aerosols were more hygroscopic and had larger particle sizes. This study can provide technical support for the control and management of regional air pollutants.
Vegetation Identification in Hyperspectral Images Using Distance/Correlation Metrics
Authors: Chanchí Golondrino Gabriel E. , Ospina Alarcón Manuel A. , Saba Manuel
Published: July 2023

Distance/correlation metrics have emerged as a robust and simplified tool for assessing the spectral characteristics of hyperspectral image pixels and effectively categorizing vegetation within a specific study area. Correlation methods provide a readily deployable and computationally efficient approach, rendering them particularly advantageous for applications in developing nations or regions with limited resources. This article presents a comparative investigation of correlation/distance metrics for the identification of vegetation pixels in hyperspectral imagery. The study facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of five distance and/or correlation metrics, namely, direct correlation, cosine similarity, normalized Euclidean distance, Bray–Curtis distance, and Pearson correlation. Direct correlation and Pearson correlation emerged as the two metrics that demonstrated the highest accuracy in vegetation pixel identification. Using the selected methodologies, a vegetation detection algorithm was implemented and validated using a hyperspectral image of the Manga neighborhood in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. The spectral library facilitated image processing, while the mathematical calculation of correlations was performed using the numpy and scipy libraries in the Python programming language. Both the approach adopted in this study and the implemented algorithm aim to serve as a point of reference for conducting detection studies on diverse material types in hyperspectral imagery using open-access programming platforms.
Next-Generation Sequencing Technology: Current Trends and Advancements
Authors: Satam Heena , Joshi Kandarp , Mangrolia Upasana , Waghoo Sanober , Zaidi Gulnaz , Rawool Shravani , Thakare Ritesh P. , Banday Shahid , Mishra Alok K. , Das Gautam , Malonia Sunil K.
Published: July 2023

The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has brought about a paradigm shift in genomics research, offering unparalleled capabilities for analyzing DNA and RNA molecules in a high-throughput and cost-effective manner. This transformative technology has swiftly propelled genomics advancements across diverse domains. NGS allows for the rapid sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously, providing comprehensive insights into genome structure, genetic variations, gene expression profiles, and epigenetic modifications. The versatility of NGS platforms has expanded the scope of genomics research, facilitating studies on rare genetic diseases, cancer genomics, microbiome analysis, infectious diseases, and population genetics. Moreover, NGS has enabled the development of targeted therapies, precision medicine approaches, and improved diagnostic methods. This review provides an insightful overview of the current trends and recent advancements in NGS technology, highlighting its potential impact on diverse areas of genomic research. Moreover, the review delves into the challenges encountered and future directions of NGS technology, including endeavors to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of sequencing data, the development of novel algorithms for data analysis, and the pursuit of more efficient, scalable, and cost-effective solutions that lie ahead.
An Enhanced Photosensitive Sensor Based on ITO/MWCNTs@Polymer Composite@BiVO4 for Quercetin Detection
Authors: Sarikaya İrem , Kaleoğlu Esra , Çakar Soner , Soykan Cengiz , Özacar Mahmut
Published: July 2023

The fact that antioxidants scavenge free radicals in the human body and naturally treat many health problems that will occur in this way has increased the consumption of antioxidant-containing foods. However, consumption of artificially prepared antioxidants could cause cancer. Therefore, antioxidants from natural sources are preferred. Quercetin is an antioxidant present in natural samples. In this article, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a polymer composite (PC) consisting of a mixture of 15% (by mass) polystyrene (PST), 15% (by mass) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 70% (by mass) polyindole (PIN), and semiconducting BiVO4 were used to prepare electrodes, and then a photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4-based sensor was fabricated for quercetin detection. Quercetin was analyzed via the photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 sensor in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) solutions including various quercetin concentrations. The constructed quercetin sensor displayed a wide linear response between 10 and 200 μM and a limit of detection of 0.133 μM. The developed photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 demonstrated a high sensitivity (442 µA mM−1 cm−2), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation 3.6%), high selectivity and long-term stability (>49 days) towards quercetin sensing. The photoelectrochemical sensor was then applied to detection of quercetin in black tea as a real-life sample. Our study could lead to the development of novel photosensitive PC polyphenol sensors.
From Self-Assembly of Colloidal Crystals toward Ordered Porous Layer Interferometry
Authors: Wan Yi-Zhen , Qian Weiping
Published: July 2023

Interferometry-based, reflectometric, label-free biosensors have made significant progress in the analysis of molecular interactions after years of development. The design of interference substrates is a key research topic for these biosensors, and many studies have focused on porous films prepared by top-down methods such as porous silicon and anodic aluminum oxide. Lately, more research has been conducted on ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI), which uses ordered porous colloidal crystal films as interference substrates. These films are made using self-assembly techniques, which is the bottom-up approach. They also offer several advantages for biosensing applications, such as budget cost, adjustable porosity, and high structural consistency. This review will briefly explain the fundamental components of self-assembled materials and thoroughly discuss various self-assembly techniques in depth. We will also summarize the latest studies that used the OPLI technique for label-free biosensing applications and divide them into several aspects for further discussion. Then, we will comprehensively evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of self-assembly techniques and discuss possible future research directions. Finally, we will outlook the upcoming challenges and opportunities for label-free biosensing using the OPLI technique.
TempShift Reveals the Sequential Development of Human Neocortex and Skewed Developmental Timing of Down Syndrome Brains
Authors: Zhou Yuqiu , Tao Li , Zhu Ying
Published: July 2023

Development is a complex process involving precise regulation. Developmental regulation may vary in tissues and individuals, and is often altered in disorders. Currently, the regulation of developmental timing across neocortical areas and developmental changes in Down syndrome (DS) brains remain unclear. The changes in regulation are often accompanied by changes in the gene expression trajectories, which can be divided into two scenarios: (1) changes of gene expression trajectory shape that reflect changes in cell type composition or altered molecular machinery; (2) temporal shift of gene expression trajectories that indicate different regulation of developmental timing. Therefore, we developed an R package TempShift to separates these two scenarios and demonstrated that TempShift can distinguish temporal shift from different shape (DiffShape) of expression trajectories, and can accurately estimate the time difference between multiple trajectories. We applied TempShift to identify sequential gene expression across 11 neocortical areas, which suggested sequential occurrence of synapse formation and axon guidance, as well as reconstructed interneuron migration pathways within neocortex. Comparison between healthy and DS brains revealed increased microglia, shortened neuronal migration process, and delayed synaptogenesis and myelination in DS. These applications also demonstrate the potential of TempShift in understanding gene expression temporal dynamics during different biological processes.
The Multiple Faces of the MRN Complex: Roles in Medulloblastoma and Beyond
Authors: Petroni Marialaura , La Monica Veronica , Fabretti Francesca , Augusto Mariaconcetta , Battaglini Damiana , Polonara Francesca , Di Giulio Stefano , Giannini Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Hypomorphic mutations in MRN complex genes are frequently found in cancer, supporting their role as oncosuppressors. However, unlike canonical oncosuppressors, MRN proteins are often overexpressed in tumor tissues, where they actively work to counteract DSBs induced by both oncogene-dependent RS and radio-chemotherapy. Moreover, at the same time, MRN genes are also essential genes, since the constitutive KO of each component leads to embryonic lethality. Therefore, even though it is paradoxical, MRN genes may work as oncosuppressive, oncopromoting, and essential genes. In this review, we discussed how alterations in the MRN complex impact the physiopathology of cancer, in light of our recent discoveries on the gene–dosage-dependent effect of NBS1 in Medulloblastoma. These updates aim to understand whether MRN complex can be realistically used as a prognostic/predictive marker and/or as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
Malignant Melanoma in a Retrospective Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients: A Statistical and Pathologic Analysis
Authors: Killeen Trevor F. , Shanley Ryan , Ramesh Vidhyalakshmi , Giubellino Alessio
Published: July 2023

Background: Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death due to cutaneous malignancy. Immunocompromised individuals have an elevated risk of developing melanoma. We aimed to provide histopathologic and statistical characterization of melanoma development in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We reviewed our institution’s databases to identify all patients with a confirmed history of immunosuppression who subsequently developed melanoma, focusing on diagnoses during the follow-up period of 2011–2019. A total of 93 patients with a combined 111 melanoma lesions were identified. Results: Common causes of immunosuppression included transplantation and lymphoproliferative disorders. Superficial spreading and lentigo malignant melanoma were the most common malignant melanoma subtypes. Median Breslow depth was 0.7 mm, and the most common primary tumor stage was T1a. Our transplant sub-cohort had an overall melanoma incidence of 0.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.66 to 1.20) and a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.53 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.04) relative to a general population cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). Conclusions: We report histopathologic characteristics of immunocompromised patients developing melanoma at a large academic tertiary-care center. Differences in age, sex, time since transplantation, and transplant type may play a significant role in melanoma SIR in this patient demographic.
Advancing Cancer Therapy Predictions with Patient-Derived Organoid Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Önder Cansu E. , Ziegler Teresa J. , Becker Ronja , Brucker Sara Y. , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Engler Tobias , Koch André
Published: July 2023

The poor outcome of metastasized breast cancer (BC) stresses the need for reliable personalized oncology and the significance of models recapitulating the heterogeneous nature of BC. Here, we cultured metastatic tumor cells derived from advanced BC patients with malignant ascites (MA) or malignant pleural effusion (MPE) using organoid technology. We identified the characteristics of tumor organoids by applying immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis. Tumor organoids preserved their expression patterns and hotspot mutations when compared to their original metastatic counterpart and are consequently a well-suited in vitro model for metastasized BC. We treated the tumor organoids to implement a reliable application for drug screenings of metastasized cells. Drug assays revealed that responses are not always in accord with expression patterns, pathway activation, and hotspot mutations. The discrepancy between characterization and functional testing underlines the relevance of linking IHC stainings and mutational analysis of metastasized BC with in vitro drug assays. Our metastatic BC organoids recapitulate the characteristics of their original sample derived from MA and MPE and serve as an invaluable tool that can be utilized in a preclinical setting for guiding therapy decisions.