bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF PLANTAR PRESSURE AND PLANTAR IMBALANCES IN THE STATIC PHASE OF KARATE DO ATHLETES
Authors: MOCANU George-Dănuț , IORDAN Daniel-Andrei , MOCANU Mircea-Dan , COJOCARU Marius , NECHIFOR Alexandru
Published: May 2021

The study aims to investigate the parameters offered by the baropodometric examination on a group of athletes practicing the martial art Karate Do (20 subjects, 16 girls and 4 boys, average age 13.55 ± 2.74, height 163 cm ± 8.47 , weight 54.50 kg ± 8.84, BMI (body index mass) of 20.46 ± 2.90 and seniority in sports activity of 5.27 years ± 2.74). The purpose of the research is to determine the changes related to the value of the plantar surfaces, the pressures for the dominant and non-dominant lower segments, the positioning of the pressure center in relation to the support polygon and the imbalances in the sole of the foot. The testing was performed using the FreeMed baropodometric platform and the FreeStep by Sensor Medica software, in the last week of February 2021, at the Research Center for Human Performance within the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Dunărea de Jos” University from Galați. Results: Placing the maximum pressure point / P.max in the forefoot area is an exception, only one case being reported with this distribution, the rest having P.max located at the rearfoot level. Comparison of the averages between the variables recorded for the left foot vs. the right foot highlights higher values of the dominant / right foot, but these differences are significant only for the values of the plantar pressure in the forefoot area and for the total load on the entire plantar surface / total load (p <.05). The comparison between the averages of the surfaces and the loads of each separate foot (for the forefoot and rearfoot areas) highlights major differences only for the values of the contact surfaces, the forefoot area being significantly larger than the rearfoot area (p <.05). Close average values with small and insignificant differences are reported for each foot between the forefoot and rearfoot areas when comparing the body pressure / load percent and weight ratio percent, indicating a balanced pressure distribution between the front and back area for each leg. The investigation was also useful by detecting the existing imbalances at the plantar level, for one or both legs, being also reported cases of hollow, flat and mixed foot. These plantar disturbances can negatively affect all the overlying / upper joints, but especially the body posture, thus being able to cause pain in the lumbar region, limiting the performance activity and causing even the withdrawal of the athletes. We recommend that after identifying the syndromes at the ankle joint, to implement personalized plantar supports, which should be introduced in sports shoes in order to balance the architecture of the foot sole. Keywords: karate do, plantar pressures, baropodometric analysis, load, rearfoot, forefoot, maximum pressure,
Role of occupational therapy in rehabilitation of cancer patients
Authors: CIUBEAN Alina Deniza , CIORTEA Viorela Mihaela , UNGUR Rodica Ana , BORDA Ileana Monica , POPA Theodor , IRSAY Laszlo
Published: May 2021

Background. Most adult cancer survivors report a significant decrease of their quality of life and limitations in performing activities of daily living. Occupational therapy is a form of rehabilitation treatment that uses certain techniques and tools aimed at improving functional capacity, improve social participation and overall quality of life. Objective. The overall purpose of this narrative review is to provide a better understanding of the role that occupational therapy can play in the rehabilitation of cancer patients with a focus on the most important cancer-related aspects amenable and manageable by occupational therapy interventions and to increase awareness regarding this form of rehabilitation.
Discussion. Given the fact that there is constant grow in the number of cancer survivors with complex needs, rehabilitation and occupational therapy strategies can increase functionality and health-related quality of life of patients with cancer at any point of the disease, but it remains underused, due to certain barriers.
Conclusions. Occupational therapy, as part of cancer rehabilitation therapy, can lead to improvements in both short and long-term outcomes, while being cost-effective as goals are always set in collaboration with the patients and are aimed to identify and improve the activities most important and relevant for them.

Keywords: occupational therapy, cancer, rehabilitation, activities of daily living, quality of life,
Analysis of the scoliosis onset mechanisms for children and optimal rehabilitation interventions through aquatic activities
Authors: VIZITIU Elena , CONSTANTINESCU Mihai , MILICI Mariana-Rodica , SILISTEANU Sinziana Calina
Published: May 2021

It is known, certainly, that it is much easier to form a correct attitude than to correct the vicious one, a reason that must determine the approach of prophylactic means of physical therapy and therapeutic swimming. The identification, at an early stage, of the etiological factors responsible for the installation of postural deficiencies, is a determining factor in the management of programs for their maintenance or recovery in children of prepubertal age. The study took place at the Constantinescu Mihai Physiotherapy Office of Suceava and at the Cornișa Botoșani Swimming Complex. It is known that the correct position is formed from childhood, and movement and exercise are the main factors of its construction. In this sense, the paper proposes kinetic recovery and therapeutic swimming programs in order to strengthen the postural status in children during growth and development. In this regard, we have set the following objectives: identification of children with vicious postural attitudes because of the overloads in the prepubertal period and analysis of the scoliosis mechanisms in children of prepubertal age on a vulnerable somato-functional status.

Keywords: therapeutic swimming, evaluation, scoliosis, children, analysis,
Hospital Buprenorphine Program for Opioid Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Inpatient and Outpatient Addiction Treatment
Authors: Christian Nicholaus , Bottner Richard , Baysinger Amber , Boulton Alanna , Walker Blair , Valencia Victoria , Moriates Christopher
Published: June 2021

Despite evidence that medications for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) reduce mortality and improve engagement in outpatient addiction treatment, these life‐saving medications are underutilized in the hospital setting. This study reports the outcomes of the B‐Team (Buprenorphine‐Team), a hospitalist‐led interprofessional program created to identify hospitalized patients with OUD, initiate buprenorphine in the inpatient setting, and provide bridge prescription and access to outpatient treatment programs. During the first 2 years of the program, the B‐Team administered buprenorphine therapy to 132 patients in the inpatient setting; 110 (83%) of these patients were bridged to an outpatient program. Of these patients, 65 patients (59%) were seen at their first outpatient appointment; 42 (38%) attended at least one subsequent appointment 1 to 3 months after discharge from the hospital; 29 (26%) attended at least one subsequent appointment between 3 and 6 months after discharge; and 24 (22%) attended at least one subsequent appointment after 6 months. This model is potentially replicable at other hospitals because it does not require dedicated addiction medicine expertise.
The World Before Control: American Immigration
Authors: Bartnik Anna
Published: May 2021

In debates on American immigration law, it is possible to encounter the argument that there were no laws restricting newcomers’ flow into America till the end of the 19th century. An inaccurate understanding of American immigration policy sometimes leads to the opinion that prior to the beginning of the federal immigration power, there was no immigration policy at all in America. This article describes regulations enacted by the colonies and the states, as well as activities taken by them, to control the influx of newcomers. They tried to encourage immigrants to come to America while simultaneously controlling who was coming. The idea of successful control over immigrants coming to the North American continent was rooted in restrictive laws determining who was admissible. Paupers, criminals and those with contagious diseases were undesirable. Colonial and state authorities tried to stop their influx or, at least, to lessen the danger they posed. The main goal of the presented article is to analyze and present arguments proving or neglecting the assumption that there was a lack of an immigration policy during colonial times in America.
U.S.‑Swiss Relations in the Context of Swiss Banking Secrecy
Authors: Pruska Anna
Published: May 2021

Until World War I, bilateral relations between the United States and Switzerland could be described as rather friendly. Often referred to as ‘sister republics,’ the two countries shared common democratic values and a sense of uniqueness with respect to their republican governments in a world dominated by autocracy. The first serious rupture between the two countries occurred during and in the immediate aftermath of World War II. The major cause of this rupture was the refusal of Switzerland to participate in the Safehaven program, designed to track down and block German assets in neutral countries and later to use them for post‑war reparations. The repercussions of the involvement of Switzerland in the transfer of Nazi gold as well as the safekeeping of German assets had profound consequences for U.S.‑Swiss relations in the 1990s, fueling a conflict over the dormant accounts of holocaust victims. All major disagreements between the United States and Switzerland are connected to the concept of Swiss banking secrecy, which is defined in a most rigorous way compared to international legal standards. The implementation of Swiss banking secrecy as defined in Swiss Banking Law facilitates tax misconduct by foreign nationals. Since 2007, the bilateral relations between Switzerland and the U.S. have been determined by ongoing IRS investigations into the involvement of Swiss banks in aiding U.S. citizens in tax evasion and tax fraud, which is facilitated by the enforcement of stringent bank secrecy laws within the Swiss banking system. The U.S. legal actions against Swiss banks proved that the American government is determined to enforce its laws in Switzerland despite it being a sovereign foreign country. The conflicts with the U.S. over banking secrecy, which, among other findings, unveiled the conduct of the Swiss during World War II, have shed light on the true nature of this phenomenon. Switzerland is struggling to defend the values so fundamental to its banking culture, but at the same time it is forced to succumb to international and especially U.S. pressure and implement various internal and international regulations, which impose a constraint on the practice of banking secrecy.
General Westmoreland: An Unfulfilled Hero Who Was Turned into a Scapegoat
Authors: Słowiak Jarema
Published: May 2021

This article is dedicated to the most prominent American commander of the Vietnam War, or to be more precise, to the treatment of General William C. Westmoreland in modern American historiography. Ridiculed and accused of lying to the American public during his lifetime, General Westmoreland still remains one of the ‘villains’ of the Vietnam War. In recent years it has changed slightly, and now on the publishing market we can find books both attacking and defending the MACV commander and his decisions. However, mainstream historiography continues to judge him through the prism of the American trauma caused by the Vietnam War, and not his real merit and achievements. This article aims to dispel at least a few myths persisting both about General Westmoreland and his strategy to win ‘an unwinnable conflict.’
The Law and Practice of Government Shutdowns in the United States
Authors: Stolicki Dariusz
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the legal rules governing operations of the federal government of the United States during lapses of appropriations (commonly known as government shutdowns). After briefly explaining what government shutdowns are and when they happen, it presents the main sources of the applicable law, starting with its statutory basis – the Antideficiency Act. After analyzing the history, purpose, and text of that statute, the article presents two official opinions of the Attorney General which interpreted the Act to require suspension of non‑essential government operations during funding gaps. The article then proceeds to delineate statutory and implied exceptions to that requirement. Its second part consists of an analysis of actual administration practice during shutdowns. On the basis of agency contingency plans posted during the 2013 shutdown, it identifies the government activities that continued despite the shutdown, and briefly describes each activity’s scale and the legal basis for it being exempt from the generally applicable rules. It concludes that while there have been disputes about the administration’s handling of the shutdown, the agency’s practice was generally consistent with the legal rules, though the statutory framework itself would benefit from congressional revision and clarification.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in anaesthesiology and intensive care
Authors: Shah Owais Mushtaq , Alaouabda Nabil
Published: June 2021

Background/Aims

This quality improvement study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 among healthcare professionals working in the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care at University Hospital Ayr.

Methods

A questionnaire was adapted from the April 2020 guidelines for healthcare workers issued by the Department of Health and Social Care, Health Protection Scotland and Public Health Scotland. A total of 70 healthcare workers completed the questionnaire, including doctors, intensive care nurses and operation theatre staff. Continuous variables were analysed using the student's independent t-test and analysis of variance, while categorical variables were compared using either the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean knowledge, positive attitude and good practice scores were 14.86, 12.25 and 12.96 out of 19 (respectively) among all staff. Analysis showed statistically significant differences between scores dependent on job category, particularly in their knowledge of key terms, personal protective equipment use and the latest COVID-19 guidelines. Consultants scored significantly higher than other staff members, while operating theatre staff and redeployed intensive care unit nurses tended to score lower on average.

Conclusions

Healthcare staff require more professional support, with more emphasis placed on their physical and psychological wellbeing. This can be achieved through periodic training to increase knowledge and confidence. Clearer communication and a more positive working environment is also needed.
Owner compliance in veterinary practice:recommendations from a roundtable discussion
Authors: Maddison Jill , Cannon Martha , Davies Rebecca , Farquhar Robyn , Faulkner Brian , Furtado Tamzin , Harvey Gareth , Leathers Fiona , Snowden Austyn , Wright Ian
Published: June 2021

Many factors influence the success of a course of treatment prescribed by a veterinary surgeon. Even if the correct diagnosis is made and the most effective treatment prescribed, the therapeutic outcome may not be optimal if the owner does not administer the medication as prescribed. Some pet owners will give all the medication prescribed for their pets at the correct time intervals. Others may miss doses, give doses at the wrong time, and/or stop treatment prematurely. There is much in the human literature relevant to medication compliance (also termed adherence and occasionally concordance) but much less in the veterinary literature. There are various problems that arise if medication is not administered as prescribed — not the least of which is suboptimal response to treatment. It is therefore important that veterinarians are aware that owners may not follow their directions, the reasons why this may be the case and the potential consequences. By understanding more about these factors we can work to put in place strategies to improve compliance/adherence. The purpose of this roundtable was to discuss many of these aspects including what term is most appropriate to use in the veterinary context.
Comparative Analysis of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Attitude Determination using Sensor Integration and Attitude Estimation using Kalman Filter
Authors: RAJA M.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the research is to undergo a performance comparison in terms of accuracy, convergence time, amount of memory, etc. between the satellite attitude determination and attitude estimation using non-linear filters. The fundamental approach towards it is to design an OBC (On Board Computer) that would help in achieving a controlled output for the chosen plant (MicroMAS1 satellite). The attitude determination algorithm is implemented through TRIAD algorithm, which takes sensor readings of body frame and inertial frame of reference. Then it is used to determine the rotation matrix (DCM) by converting the matrix form into vector form and again back to matrix form to determine the 3x3 matrix, which includes all the Euler angle equations to determine the pitch, roll, yaw characteristics of the system. The attitude estimation algorithms involves the use of nonlinear filters which provide an added advantage that energy can be transferred in a designed manner and extra degrees of freedom are available in filter design. The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is preferred as it addresses the problem using a deterministic sampling approach. Moreover, the non-linear filters are used to remove the noise error and disturbance caused by engine. The design of satellite attitude models involves more of a mathematical approach that would be dealt with MATLAB and SIMULINK operations.
Specifics pertaining to the implementation of international conventions related to civil aviation into national legislations
Authors: LEONOV Borys , PARFYLO Oleg , KOROSTYLENKO Anatoliy , YUSUPOV Valeriy , KORNIIENKO Petro
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the implementation of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation and the Protocol supplementing The Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft into the national legislations of ICAO Member States. The analysis of criminal acts is carried out and the appropriate determination is given. Taking into account the content of the Convention in reference to acts of unlawful interference committed against the aircraft safety, the authors propose conceptual approaches which help to efficiently amend various legal documents, applying special legislative means. The paper also discusses the relevant criminal issues related to air transportation of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons with the supplementary materials included. Strict attention is paid to the issue of criminal liability of legal entities for violations of aircraft safety. To foster the ratification of pertinent legal documents, the authors describe methods that help to develop necessary amendments and additions.
Problematic caregiving activities among family carers of older adults with disabilities
Authors: Atoyebi Oladele , Beaudoin Maude , Routhier François , Auger Claudine , Demers Louise , Wister Andrew , Plante Michelle , Mortenson W. Ben
Published: May 2021

Family carers of older adults with disability often both experience stress that may affect their ability to provide care, and find some caregiving activities differentially challenging. The objectives of this research are to identify the caregiving activities that are most problematic to carers and to explore the reasons why carers found these activities challenging. Participants were past or current carers aged 19 years and older. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, data were collected through a survey and open-ended interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that an activity was likely to be more problematic if it had to be coordinated with other caregiving needs or where a care recipient’s disability was severe.
Measuring the optical properties of nanoscale biogenic spherulites
Authors: Beck Lior M. , Yallapragada Venkata Jayasurya , Upcher Alexander , Palmer Benjamin A. , Addadi Lia , Oron Dan
Published: May 2021

Recent studies of optical reflectors as part of the vision apparatus in the eyes of decapod crustaceans revealed assemblies of nanoscale spherulites - spherical core-shell nanoparticles with radial birefringence. Simulations performed on the system highlighted the advantages of optical anisotropy in enhancing the functionality of these structures. So far, calculations of the nanoparticle optical properties have relied on refractive indices obtained using ab-initio calculations. Here we describe a direct measurement of the tangential refractive index of the spherulites, which corresponds to the in-plane refractive index of crystalline isoxanthopterin nanoplatelets. We utilize measurements of scattering spectra of individual spherulites and determine the refractive index by analyzing the spectral signatures of scattering resonances. Our measurements yield a median tangential refractive index of 1.88, which is in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, our results indicate that the optical properties of small spherulite assemblies are largely determined by the tangential index.
Genetic diversity among two native Indian chicken populations using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b DNA barcodes
Authors: Dave Ankit R. , Chaudhary Dhaval F. , Mankad Pooja M. , Koringa Prakash G. , Rank D. N.
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: India has large varieties (recognized, unrecognized) of native chickens (Desi) scattered throughout the country, managed under scavenging system different from commercial chicken breeds. However, they are less investigated for genetic diversity they harbor. The present study was planned to evaluate genetic diversity among two native chicken populations of North Gujarat (proposed Aravali breed) and South Gujarat (Ankleshwar breed). Aravali chicken, a distinct population with unique characters different from the registered chicken breeds of India is under process to be registered as a new chicken breed of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: Two mitochondrial markers, namely, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes were studied across 10 birds from each population. Methodology included sample collection (blood), DNA isolation (manual), polymerase chain reaction amplification of mitochondrial genes, Sanger sequencing, and purification followed by data analysis using various softwares. Results: Haplotype analysis of the COX I gene unveiled a total eight and three haplotypes from the Aravali and Ankleshwar populations, respectively, with haplotype diversity (Hd) of 92.70 % for the Aravali and 34.50% for the Ankleshwar breed. Haplotype analysis of the Cyt b gene revealed a total of four haplotypes from the Aravali population with 60% Hd and no polymorphism in Ankleshwar breed. The phylogenetic analysis uncovered Red Jungle Fowl and Gray Jungle Fowl as prime roots for both populations and all domestic chicken breeds. Conclusion: Study findings indicated high genetic variability in Aravali chicken populations with COX I mitochondrial marker being more informative for evaluating genetic diversity in chickens.
Clinical Profile and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Haemorrhage Presenting to the Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, South India
Authors: Penubaku Subramanyam , Mukkara Madhusudhan , Bhargav Kanchi Mitra , V.V. , Ramesh Chandra , S. Sadasiva Raju , G. Pavan Kumar , A.Y. Lakshmi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND World Health Organisation (WHO) defined stroke as rapidly developing clinical signs of focal disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than vascular origin. Prognostic factors for predicting functional outcome and mortality play a major role in determining the treatment outcome. We intended to study the clinical charecteristics and outcome of patients with intracerebral bleeding coming to emergency room. METHODS Patients more than 18 years of age who were diagnosed to have intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) on CT brain plain scan were included in the study. Age < 18 years, patients not willing to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Type of clinical presentation, imaging findings, ICH score, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, were calculated for each patient at the time of admission. The condition of the patient, whether death / discharge (alive) was documented in all study population at the time of discharge. RESULTS Hypertension was the most common risk factor present in 68 % of study population. Most of the patients were between 41 - 70 years of age with a male preponderance. High ICH score, low GCS score at the time of admission, presence of intraventricular haemorrhage, and midline shift (P - value 0.000) were significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Mortality was high in patients with infratentorial bleed and volume > 40 c.c. CONCLUSION Males in their sixth decade were the most affected in our study on ICH. Cerebellar and brainstem haemorrhages had higher mortality, though putamen is the commonest site of haemorrhage, low Glasgow Coma Scores and high ICH scores were associated with increased mortality. KEY WORDS Stroke, Haemorrhage, Intracerebral, Prognosis, Bleed
Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Renal Masses - A Prospective Study from Ambala, India
Authors: Kuchhal Akshat , Sethi Sanjay , Gupta Ranjana , Sharma Kamal , Mittal Puneet , Shaikh Faiz Zubair
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND The advent of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) has created several important advances in the detection and characterization of renal masses due to its high accuracy, low cost, and easy availability. There is a growing need to separate benign lesions from malignant ones so as to provide an appropriate timely treatment. It can be used with contrast agents and helps in providing data during multiple phases along with the possibility of multiplanar image reconstruction anytime in the future. We wanted to study the role of CT imaging as a diagnostic modality for the evaluation of renal masses. METHODS This is a prospective study conducted among 50 cases, with clinically or radiologically diagnosed renal mass who were referred to our department . A detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination, ultrasonography and multiphase - CECT using a Philips 128 - slice multi detector scanner (Ingenuity), were performed using the set - protocol followed by multiplanar reconstruction and detailed evaluation. Findings of CT scan were correlated with clinical / biopsy / surgical findings. RESULTS Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the most common renal mass in our study group (48 %) followed by renal cyst (30 %). The most common presenting symptom of RCC was haematuria (91.6 %) followed by flank pain (58.3 %). Renal cyst was a fairly common lesion with majority (93.3 %) being BOSNIAK - I category. RCC most commonly showed malignant extension via lymph nodes (83.3 %) while transitional cell cancer (TCC) most commonly spread via ureteric extension (75 %). Inferior vena cava (IVC) extension, even though seen only in a small fraction of cases (4 %), was only associated with RCC. On correlation with histopathological findings, a sensitivity of 95.8 %, specificity of 96.15 % and a diagnostic accuracy of 96 % was found, for diagnosing RCC in our study. CONCLUSIONS MDCT is a robust technique for detection and characterisation of renal mases. It is rapid and easily available with excellent patient compliance. MDCT has excellent sensitivity and specificity for characterisation of renal masses. KEY WORDS MDCT, Renal Mass, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Cyst, Attenuation, Enhancement
Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer Awareness among Women in a Low Socioeconomic Area of Chennai, India
Authors: Kumar Abinaya Valli Venkatesh , Yenuganti Vishnu Vardhan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer mortality in women and is one of the important public health concerns of modern era. This suggests that the methods for early detection of breast cancer needs to be communicated to the general population. Breast self - examination (BSE) is one of the simplest ways of screening in breast cancer and this study intends to find the knowledge regarding breast cancer and BSE. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in women of reproductive age group belonging to an urban slum of Chennai. A sample of 170 women above 20 years of age were interviewed randomly using a pretested questionnaire in the local language. Ethical clearance was obtained from the IHEC of the Institution and proper informed consent was taken from the women included in the study. RESULTS In the study, we have identified that majority (84.7 %) of the women had awareness about breast cancer, but only 49 out of 170 were not aware that prevention is possible. Only 38.8 % of the subjects had heard of breast self-examination and among them, only 5.3 % had performed the BSE for cancer screening. Less than 2 % of the study population were fully aware about the procedure. Awareness regarding the disease is significantly associated with factors like age, education, and socioeconomic status. (P < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS Based on the study findings, poor knowledge about BSE and the breast cancer prevention methods was observed in this study suggesting the need to educate the high-risk age groups of women especially in low socioeconomic group. KEY WORDS Breast Cancer, Breast Self - Examination, Mammography, Reproductive Age Group, Cancer Awareness, Cancer Prevention, Risk Factors
Pharyngeal Airway Volume in Class II Patients Treated with Herbst and Fixed Mechanotherapy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography - A Comparative Study from Haryana, India
Authors: Sidhu M. S.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Skeletal malocclusions occur because of the defect in the underlying skeletal structure. Mandibular skeletal retrusion is the most common characteristic of class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimension in Class II patients treated with Herbst appliance and fixed mechanotherapy using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This comparative study was conducted among 30 Class II patients (9 to 15 years of age) selected from the outpatient department of orthopaedics. They were divided into 2 Groups; Group I (15 patients) was treated by Herbst appliance; Group II (15 patients) was treated by fixed mechanotherapy. Pharyngeal airway volume, length and width evaluation were done using CBCT in vivo dental software 5.1 (ANATOMAGE, San Jose, CA). Intergroup comparison was done using independent t tests and level of significance (P < 0.05). Correlation of parameters were carried out using Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS Significant increase in nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, laryngopharyngeal, and total airway volume in Herbst group was observed. Velopharyngeal length, glossopharyngeal length and nasopharyngeal airway width showed significant increase in Herbst group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of Class II patients with Herbst appliance resulted in increase in pharyngeal airway volume. Herbst therapy induced repositioning of tongue resulting in increased length due to posterior fall of uvula, and hence airway volume increased drastically. KEY WORDS Airway Volume, Herbst Appliance, Class II Malocclusion, Retrognathic Mandible
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness Levels of Dentists in Saudi Arabia Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abduljalil Mohamad , Gunal-Abduljalil Burcu , Almasri Alhasan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Covid-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection spreading worldwide. Sufficient dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and correct practices are crucial for the prevention of Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia and all other countries. The objectives of this study were to understand the levels of knowledge, awareness and attitude of dentists in Saudi Arabia regarding Covid-19, and to investigate their treatment approaches in dental practices both before and during the pandemic. METHODS This questionnaire was prepared in May 2020 and distributed to dentists working in Saudi Arabia who were members at the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties and Saudi Dental Society. In order to pick the study subjects from our sampling frame, a simple random sampling methodology was used. The questionnaire comprised of a series of questions pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward Covid-19, and dental approach before and during the pandemic. The data was statistically analysed to determine any significant association between the dentists’ workplace and the measures followed in the dental clinic (P < 0.05). RESULTS Four hundred and twelve dentists completed the questionnaire forming a response rate of 52 %. The majority of dentists showed a high level of knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding Covid-19. There was an association between the workplace and preventive measures in the dental clinic (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The majority of dentists in this survey had high knowledge and awareness of Covid19. Most of them followed the recommended preventive measures in their clinics. As Saudi Arabia still suffers from outbreaks of Covid-19 infection, continuous assessment of dentists’ knowledge and practice is crucial. KEY WORDS Covid-19, Dentist, SARS-CoV-2, Saudi Arabia
Comparison between Thin Prep® Preparation (Liquid Based Cytology) and Conventional Pap Smears of Cervical Smear Cytology Lesions – A Study from Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: A. Premalatha , Sumathi Velayutham
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND The major cause of mortality among women is cancer of the uterine cervix. It is the second most common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is done as a method of cervical screening to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Early detection of these lesions prevent the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Liquid based cervical cytology was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pap smears. The main purpose of this study was to compare the profile of distribution of cervical smear cytology lesions obtained by thin prep preparation (liquid based cytology) and conventional pap method among women in the age group of 25 – 60 yrs. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among 110 women from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conventional and liquid based cytology smears were taken simultaneously from the same women and reported according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS Majority of the women included in this study fall in the age group of 41 - 50 years [65 (59.1 %)]. Women with a history of persistant vaginal infection were 13 (11.8 %). Out of the 110 pap smears taken by both conventional and liquid based methods, unsatisfactory smears were not detected in liquid based cytology and 6 (5.5 %) unsatisfactory smears were found in conventional pap method. In liquid based cytology, inflammatory smears were detected more (80 %), atrophic smears (2.7 %), smears with features of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 4.5 %, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were 3.6 %, and smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 0.9 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found to be high in liquid based cytology. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal epithelial lesions were detected more in liquid based cytology (thin prep method). The number of unsatisfactory smears were found to be decreased when compared to conventional pap method. KEY WORDS Bethesda Cervical Cytology, Cervical intraepithelial lesion, Conventional Pap Smear, Liquid Based Cytology Smear
Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia - An Overview
Authors: Sai Akhil Chitturi Venkata , Damke Sachin
Published: May 2021

The first report on the use of phototherapy for treatment of neonates with jaundice was published more than 20 years ago. Since then, phototherapy has been used extensively in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Phototherapy is the use of visible light for the treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn. There are different types of phototherapy systems in use in recent times. Effectiveness of phototherapy depends on several factors which should be considered while delivering phototherapy to a jaundiced neonate. Effective phototherapy has decreased the need for exchange transfusion. Proper nursing care enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy and minimises complications. Jaundice is benign in most of the cases, but because of potential bilirubin toxicity, strict and close monitoring is required. Prompt recognition and intervention of the infants at increased risk for developing hyperbilirubinaemia forms the first step in management. The focus is to prevent development of severe hyperbilirubinaemia by early recognition and initiation of treatment. Counselling of parents, especially mother also plays a major role in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Recommended guidelines are intended to be used by hospitals and treating paediatricians, neonatologists and advanced practice nurses trained in neonatology. Phototherapy devices include fluorescent, halogen, fibreoptic or light emitting diode light sources. Each type has its own benefits and side effects. Many studies were available comparing the efficacy of various types of phototherapy systems. The purpose of this review article was to provide a conceptual review on role of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice, different types of phototherapy systems in use, recent advances and probable side effects of phototherapy. KEY WORDS Bilirubin, Hyperbilirubinaemia, Jaundice, Neonatal Intensive Care, Newborn, Phototherapy
Role of a Miracle Tree (Moringa oleifera) in Healthcare
Authors: Yadav Nisha Rani , Jain Meena , Sharma Ankur , Aggarwal Aparna , Pahuja Meetika , Mehta Anoushka , Rawal Advika , Jain Vishal
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera Lam is a plant found in Himalayan foothills. A large corpus of literature exists about moringa and its medicinal values. Various medicinal and health properties of moringa make it a part of various phytomedicinal preparation.It is used as a part of routine diet and has anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-tumour properties. It is also used in production of seed oil, fodder and medicine. It is highly useful as a nutritional supplement, in the management of various diseases and in the management of public health problems. Moringa oleifera Lam is an important part of South Indian diet. Its antibacterial properties were found to be effective against E. coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Hence, it may be used as a low-cost material for water purifications in poor communities. This plant has significance in dental health due to its antimicrobial effect on bacteria present in dental plaque like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. There has been limited research on efficacy and safety of various Moringa oleifera (MO) extracts and parts in oral healthcare. MO has found its applications in various aspects of public health. As a plant with high nutritional value and relatively low cost, it has been endorsed as a plant with immense potential as for use as nutrient supplement in the parts of the world with widespread malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. Further research needs to be conducted in the field of pharmacological management and prevention of oral disease. KEY WORDS Antimicrobial, Dental Diseases, Moringa oleifera, Streptococcus mutans.
Renal Leiomyoma – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Shinde Raju Kamlakarao , Bhalsod Harsh Dinesh , Shinde Sangita Jogdand
Published: May 2021

Cases of renal leiomyomas are fewer than 100 in the literature and therefore possess a diagnostic challenge.1 By definition, leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms.2 that arise from smooth muscle cells.3 The most common sites of origin are the uterus, intestines and skin.4 One of the more unusual types of leiomyomas are the ones arising from the kidneys. They account for about 1.5 % benign lesions of kidneys.5 The methods of detection are through discovery during autopsy, incidental discovery during imaging or by clinical diagnosis in symptomatic lesions.6 Prevalence based on incidental finding at the time of autopsy is 4.2 - 5.2 %.7 Creating a differential diagnosis between leiomyomas and other malignant lesions is only possible by histopathological examination.8 We hereby report a case of 26-year-old female who presented with pain in abdomen and on histopathological examination was diagnosed as a case of renal leiomyoma.
Post Traumatic Hematocele - Ultrasonography and Elastography Imaging
Authors: Pandey Shivesh , Phatak Suresh Vasant , Reddy Gopidi Sai Nidhi , Shah Apoorvi Bharat
Published: May 2021

Hematocele with blunt scrotal trauma is an uncommon cause of the testicular pain. Elastography is the new recent advance in the field of ultrasound. USG and elastography findings of the acute hematocele is described in this aricle. Testicular trauma is the third most common cause of acute scrotal pain,1 and high-frequency ultrasonography (USG) with a linear array transducer is the first preferred modality for testicular trauma evaluation. Extra testicular haematoceles or blood collections inside the tunica vaginalis are the most common findings in the scrotum after blunt injury.2 On clinical assessment, haematocele appears as a hard mass like swelling and causes pain in the scrotum. In the majority of cases, spontaneous resolution occurs with the support of conservative therapy,3 even if treated conservatively, may result in infection, discomfort, or atrophy in undiagnosed broad hematoceles and testicular hematomas over time.4 A testis with its coverings, epididymis, and spermatic cord are all contained in each hemiscrotum. A typical testis is 5 x 3 x 2 cm in diameter and has an intermediate echogenicity. The tunica albuginea is a fibrous covering that protects the testis from damage from the external injuries. It is located on top of the tunica vasculosa, which is made up of capsular arteries. A testis with its coverings, epididymis, and spermatic cord are all contained in each hemiscrotum. With its high tensile strength, the tunica albuginea plays an important role in shielding the testis from trauma. It can withstand a force of up to 50 kg without bursting. The testicular parenchyma is made up of several lobules, each of which is made up of several seminiferous tubules that lead to dilated spaces inside the mediastinum called the rete testis through the tubuli recti. The epididymis is made up of a head, neck, and tail that protects the superolateral part of the testis. The epididymis' tail ends in the spermatic cord as the vas deferens. The epididymal head is a 5 – 12 mm pyramidal structure that sits atop the testis' superior pole. The head is almost isoechoic to the testis. The epididymis has a 2 – 4 mm thick body.5 The patient lies in a supine position with the scrotum covered by a towel positioned between the thighs during scrotal ultrasound. A high-frequency lineararray transducer with a frequency range of 7 – 14 MHz is preferred. The scrotum is always soft to the touch after trauma, making scanning difficult. It should be attempted to examine both the testes and the epididymis in their entirety, as well as any extra testicular lesions. The testes are assessed in two planes: longitudinal and transverse. Each testis and epididymis should be compared to the contralateral testis and epididymis in terms of size and echogenicity. Transverse scrotal imaging is important for depicting both testes and comparing their gray-scale and colour Doppler appearances.
Compromiso e intención de abandono en adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas: el papel de los agentes sociales y efectos del género
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, Raimundi María Julia ,   Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Argentina, Celsi Ignacio ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Argentina, Otero Carla ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Argentina, Schmidt Vanina ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Argentina,   Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Humanas, Argentina, Castillo Isabel ,   Universitat de València, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, España
Published: May 2021

Introducción/objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el poder predictivo de la percepción de los estilos interpersonales de entrenadores/as, padres y madres en el compromiso e intención de abandono de adolescentes deportistas argentinos de alto rendimiento, considerando el papel del género en esta relación. Método. Participaron 234 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.48, DT = 1.09) seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud —Buenos Aires 2018—, quienes cumplimentaron cuestionarios para la evaluación de las variables de interés. Resultados. Los varones perciben mayores niveles de compromiso que las mujeres y estas perciben mayor apoyo a la autonomía de la madre. El apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva en el compromiso de los varones y en la intención de abandono del deporte de las mujeres. En ambos géneros, el efecto del apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador fue mayor que el de los padres. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los otros significativos en la participación deportiva y contribuyen al conocimiento de los factores que pueden favorecer el desarrollo positivo en deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento.
Bi-Template Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Photocatalytically-Active Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamisu Abubakar , Gaya Umar Ibrahim , Abdullah Abdul Halim
Published: June 2021

Sol-gel mesoporous titanium dioxide powders have been synthesized from chitosan and/or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized meso-TiO2 powders was optimized based on the central composite design (CCD) of methyl orange (MO) degradation under UV light irradiation. The maximum MO degradation was 62.3% over a period of 60 min. Oxides produced using the binary chitosan and HDTMA template (C,H-TiO2) exhibited the relatively higher surface area (99.5 m2/g), smaller crystal size (12.78 nm), narrower band-gap energy (2.92 eV) and higher photocatalytic rate constant (0.0112 min–1) than as those from chitosan (C/TiO2) or HDTMA (H/TiO2) as the template.