bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Preemptive Priority-Based Data Fragmentation Scheme for Heterogeneous Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Khan Anwar Ahmed , Ghani Sayeed , Siddiqui Shama
Published: December 2018

Prioritizing the heterogeneous traffic for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) imposes an important performance challenge for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Most past preemptive MAC schemes are based on scheduling the high priority packets earlier than those of lower priority. However, in a majority of these schemes, high priority traffic must wait for the ongoing transmission of lower priority traffic due to the non-availability of an interruption mechanism. This paper presents the design and high-level implementation details of a fragmentation scheme (FROG-MAC) for heterogeneous traffic in WSN. FROG-MAC aims at guaranteeing quick transmission of high priority/emergency traffic by interrupting ongoing on channel transmissions. High level implementation of FROG-MAC has been developed in MATLAB as a proof of concept. Traffic of two priorities was generated and a single hop star topology of 100 nodes was used for the experiments. Effect of the proposed fragmentation scheme has been evaluated on delay and Packet Drop Ratio (PDR) for both traffic types, by varying the packet size and fragment size. Simulation results have suggested that with the increasing packet size, the delay and PDR increase for both traffic types. When fragmentation was applied, the performance of high priority traffic significantly improved as compared to the low priority for both the parameters, delay and PDR. Furthermore, it has been found that decreasing the fragment size for low priority traffic results in reducing the delay for high priority traffic.
Underwater Optical Imaging for Automotive Wading
Authors: Bystrov Aleksandr , Hoare Edward , Gashinova Marina , Cherniakov Mikhail , Tran Thuy-Yung
Published: December 2018

An underwater imaging system was investigated for automotive use in highly scattered underwater environments. The purpose of the system is the driver’s information about hidden obstacles, such as stones, driftwood, open sewer hatches. A comparison of various underwater vision methods was presented by the way they are implemented, the range reached, and the cost of implementation. It has been experimentally shown that a conventional active system can provide a maximum visibility range of up to three light attenuation lengths. In most practical cases of turbid waters during floods, this corresponds to distances of about 1 meter. From the presented analysis it follows that advanced extended range imaging methods allow increasing of the visibility range up to 2 meters.
Secure and Efficient Three-Factor Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ryu Jihyeon , Lee Hakjun , Kim Hyoungshick , Won Dongho
Published: December 2018

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in many applications such as environmental monitoring, health care, smart grid and surveillance. Many security protocols have been proposed and intensively studied due to the inherent nature of wireless networks. In particular, Wu et al. proposed a promising authentication scheme which is sufficiently robust against various attacks. However, according to our analysis, Wu et al.’s scheme has two serious security weaknesses against malicious outsiders. First, their scheme can lead to user impersonation attacks. Second, user anonymity is not preserved in their scheme. In this paper, we present these vulnerabilities of Wu et al.’s scheme in detail. We also propose a new scheme to complement their weaknesses. We improve and speed up the vulnerability of the Wu et al. scheme. Security analysis is analyzed by Proverif and informal analysis is performed for various attacks.
A Novel Approach for Partial Discharge Measurements on GIS Using HFCT Sensors
Authors: Rodrigo Mor Armando , Castro Heredia Luis Carlos , Muñoz Fabio Andres
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a novel measuring system for partial discharge (PD) measurements in Gas Insulated Systems (GIS) using high frequency current transformers (HFCT). The system is based on the measurement of the induced PD currents in the GIS enclosure. In opposition to the existing antenna technologies that measure the radiated energy in the very high frequency/ultra-high frequency (VHF/UHF) range, the proposed system measures the PD conducted currents in the high frequency (HF) range and below. The foundation of the measurements together with a detailed explanation of the sensor installed conveniently at the bolts of the GIS spacer are presented. An experimental study on the current distribution in the GIS enclosure is described to evaluate the impact of the sensor on the measurements. Laboratory experiments have been performed that show the suitability of this method to properly measure particle discharges caused by corona, surface and free moving particle discharges in SF6. Discharges in the range of 1 to 4 pC have been properly measured. An analysis to evaluate the performance of the method is shown, in comparison to VHF/UHF antenna measurements. The potential benefits of this novel technique rely on the small attenuation of PD signals in the GIS components in the HF range and sample rate reductions. Finally, a discussion on the potential applicability of present cluster and charge calculation techniques to the proposed PD GIS measurement using HFCT is presented.
Noise Complaints between Japanese Neighbors and Migrants in Rural Japan: From the Perspectives of Noisemakers
Authors: Mutiara Median
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on the narratives and embodiment of noisemakers in noise complaints in a small town of rural Japan. By building on the intersection of sound studies, body, and migration, this paper aims to critically address the longstanding concept of ‘noise’ through the overlooked perspectives of migrants who are perceived as ‘noisemakers’ in the neighbor relations between Japanese neighbors and migrants. This study was conducted through months of fieldwork in a small town in Japan, wherein an ethnic concentration of Japanese descendants from North Sulawesi, Indonesia has been established for almost two decades. Sensory ethnography was adopted in addition to participant observation and in-depth interviews that presented the narratives of five Japanese descendants working in seafood processing factories. The findings suggest that perception of the ‘unwanted’ bodily presence becomes a salient metaphorical sense of ‘noise’ which is embodied in migrants as byproducts of the psychological noise of the hearers. This ‘noise’ evokes series of complaints which also escalate into space control in the neighborhood. More than just neighbor relations in negotiating private–public spaces, the phenomena of noisemaking and noise complaints in this study are layered with overlapping unequal social and power structures concerning neighbors, workers, and migrants with stigma of gaijin and ‘noisemakers’.
Constraints to Synergistic Fe Mobilization from Calcareous Soil by a Phytosiderophore and a Reductant
Authors: Schenkeveld Walter D. C. , Kraemer Stephan M.
Published: December 2018

Synergistic effects between ligand- and reductant-based Fe acquisition strategies can enhance the mobilization of Fe, but also of competing metals from soil. For phytosiderophores, this may alter the time and concentration window of Fe uptake during which plants can benefit from elevated Fe concentrations. We examined how the size of this window is affected by the ligand and reductant concentration and by non-simultaneous addition. To this end, a series of kinetic batch experiments was conducted with a calcareous clay soil to which the phytosiderophore 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and the reductant ascorbate were added at various concentrations, either simultaneously or with a one- or two-day lag time. Both simultaneous and non-simultaneous addition of the reductant and the phytosiderophore induced synergistic Fe mobilization. Furthermore, initial Fe mobilization rates increased with increasing reductant and phytosiderophore concentrations. However, the duration of the synergistic effect and the window of Fe uptake decreased with increasing reductant concentration due to enhanced competitive mobilization of other metals. Rate laws accurately describing synergistic mobilization of Fe and other metals from soil were parameterized. Synergistic Fe mobilization may be vital for the survival of plants and microorganisms in soils of low Fe availability. However, in order to optimally benefit from these synergistic effects, exudation of ligands and reductants in the rhizosphere need to be carefully matched.
The Evolution of International Scientific Collaboration in Fuel Cells during 1998–2017: A Social Network Perspective
Authors: Shi Xuan , Cai Lingfei , Jia Junzhi
Published: December 2018

International scientific collaboration has played an important role in the development of fuel cell technology. In this paper, we employ bibliometric methods and social network analysis to explore the patterns and dynamics of scientific collaboration network of fuel cells. A total of 20,358 international collaborative publications in the fuel cell field published during 1998–2017 were collected from Web of Science. We use a series of indicators to address multiple facets of research collaboration and evolution patterns. Results show that international collaboration has been increasing and the characteristics of the scientific network have changed over time. The collaboration network presented a highly uneven distribution, while the sign of decline began to show. The trend of consolidation was presented with one cluster around North America–Asia, one around Europe, and a small emerging collaborating cluster around West Asia. European and North American countries had relatively higher international collaboration rate than Asian countries but lower publishing volume. Two modes of international collaboration exist: Germany, France and UK collaborate with a wide range of countries, while Singapore, Australia, South Korea and Taiwan concentrate on collaborating with few main countries. Microbial fuel cell had developed as a new prominent area in the international collaboration, and the most popular catalysts were nanoparticle and graphene/carbon nanotubes. This study presents a picture of international collaboration from multi-dimension view and provides insights in facilitating more vigorous collaborations in fuel cells.
Berth Scheduling Problem Considering Traffic Limitations in the Navigation Channel
Authors: Xu Ya , Xue Kelei , Du Yuquan
Published: December 2018

In view of the trend of upsizing ships, the physical limitations of natural waterways, huge expenses, and unsustainable environmental impact of channel widening, this paper aims to provide a cost-efficient but applicable solution to improve the operational performance of container terminals that are enduring inefficiency caused by channel traffic limitations. We propose a novel berth scheduling problem considering the traffic limitations in the navigation channel, which appears in many cases including insufficient channel width, bad weather, poor visibility, channel accidents, maintenance dredging of the navigation channel, large vessels passing through the channel, and so on. To optimally utilize the berth and improve the service quality for customers, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming model to formulate the berth scheduling problem under the one-way ship traffic rule in the navigation channel. Furthermore, we develop a more generalized model which can cope with hybrid traffic in the navigation channel including one-way traffic, two-way traffic, and temporary closure of the navigation channel. For large-scale problems, a hybrid simulated annealing algorithm, which employs a problem-specific heuristic, is presented to reduce the computational time. Computational experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Why Should We Protect the Interests of “Green Food” Certified Product Growers? Evidence from Kiwifruit Production in China
Authors: Liu Ruifeng , Gao Zhifeng , Yan Gongan , Ma Hengyun
Published: December 2018

Governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have promoted environmental and social certification programs for growers because the market for green certification is seen as offering higher prices and higher incomes. Previous studies have examined how “green food” certification affects economic and environmental benefits, but none have studied its impact on production behavior. In this study we conducted a household survey of 398 randomly selected growers of traditional and green food certified kiwifruit in Xixia county of Henan province, China. The results show that characteristically, green food certified growers can have a significantly higher total cost as well as employed cost compared to the matched noncertified growers. Based on the results, we conclude the potential advantages of green food certified kiwifruit products and basic conditions for its sustainable development.
Is the High Interest Rate Combined with Intense Deleveraging Campaign Desirable? A Collateral Mechanism under Stringent Credit Constraints
Authors: Yang Qiuyi , Lang Youze , Xu Changsheng
Published: December 2018

Recently, China has witnessed a continuously increasing Debt-to-GDP ratio and a vigorously expanding shadow banking sector. Housing prices hovering at a high level seriously affect the lives of ordinary residents. Disappointingly, a variety of activities such as intense deleveraging campaigns and tight monetary controls produce little effect. Why do these seemingly rightful implementations hardly work? What should governments do to stop the incessant expansion of asset bubbles? What role ought financial supervisors to play in regulating credit markets and facilitating a sustainable and inclusive economic growth? This paper sets off from the pledgeability of asset bubbles and constructs a generalized overlapping generation (OLG) model incorporating financial frictions and collateral constraints, in order to explore the bubble evolution under the alterations of market interest rates and credit conditions. The results show a unique bubble equilibrium, in which the steady-state bubble size expands when interest rate increases. Numerical results further reveal that the bubble-inflation effect of a higher interest rate is reinforced by a more stringent collateral constraint. Our research contributes to an explanation of the inefficacy of present policies and provides the following policy implications: The combination of an interest rate elevation and a strong loan restriction is in fact undesirable for suppressing asset bubbles. Not merely does it strike productivity and capital formation, but it also fosters investors to hold more risky assets to solve liquidity shortage under constrained borrowing capacity.
Updating Carbon Storage Capacity of Spanish Cements
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Sanjuán Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

The fabrication of cement clinker releases CO2 due to the calcination of the limestone used as raw material, which contributes to the greenhouse effect. The industry is involved in a process of reducing this amount liberated to the atmosphere by mainly lowering the amount of clinker in the cements. The cement-based materials, such as concrete and mortars, combine part of this CO2 by a process called “carbonation”. Carbonation has been studied lately mainly due to the fact that it induces the corrosion of steel reinforcement when bringing the CO2 front to the surface of the reinforcing bars. Thus, the “rate of carbonation” of the concrete cover is characterized by and linked to the length of service life of concrete structures. The studies on how much CO2 is fixed by the hydrated phases are scarce and even less has been studied the influence of the type of cement. In present work, 15 cements were used to fabricate paste and concrete specimens withwater/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.6 and 0.45 which reproduce typical concretes for buildings and infrastructures. The amount of carbon dioxide uptake was measured through thermal gravimetry. The degree of carbonation, (DoC) is defined as the CO2 fixed with respect to the total theoretical maximum and the carbon storage capacity (CSC) as the carbonation uptake by a concrete element, a family or the whole inventory of a region or country. The results in the pastes where analyzed with respect to the uptake by concretes and indicated that: (a) the humidity of the pores is a critical parameter that favours the carbonation reaction as higher is the humidity (within the normal atmospheric values), (b) all types of cement uptake CO2 in function of the CaO of the clinker except the binders having slags, which can uptake additional CO2 giving aDoC near or above 100%. The CSC of Spain has been updated with respect to a previous publication resulting in proportions of 10.8–11.2% of the calcination emissions, through considering a ratio of “surface exposed/volume of the element” of 3 as an average of the whole Spanish asset of building and infrastructures.
Building Resilience in Social-Ecological Food Systems in Vermont
Authors: Skog Kristine , Eriksen Stine , Brekken Christy , Francis Charles
Published: December 2018

There is an expanding interest in Local Food Systems (LFSs) in Vermont, along with a growing effort to create adaptive governance to facilitate action. In this case study, we investigate how adaptive governance of LFS can provide ideas and act as a catalyst for creating resilience in other social-ecological systems (SESs). By participating in meetings and interviewing stakeholders inside and outside the Vermont LFS network, we found that consumers were highly motivated to participate by supporting environmental issues, the local economy, and interactive communities, as well as building social relationships. Farmers experienced better income and increased respect in the local community. All participants found adequate “safe space” to share new ideas and explore partnerships. Their identities and values were also place-specific, reflecting the working landscape of Vermont. Adaptive governance was built on equal partnerships, where problems were discussed and responsibilities were shared among many stakeholders across geographic areas and multiple sectors. Some skepticism was expressed towards mainstreaming local food production and sales. Challenges remain to more fully include farmers, for-profit players, and low-income consumers in the network. This might limit the resilience and sustainability of the LFS. Because SESs are held together by common culture and identities, the risk of non-adaptive social patterns exemplifies one key challenge for future adaptive management towards resilient and sustainable outcomes. There is a critical need for developing relevant theory and conducting further research on LFSs and their potential roles in local SESs.
Pricing Behavior for Sustainably Farmed Fish in International Trade: The Case of Norwegian Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Kim Bong-Tae
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine how the competitive advantage on international markets based on sustainable production is reflected in the pricing behavior of farmed fish, using Norwegian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as an example. The salmon is widely consumed and highly traded due to the rapid development of aquaculture. Norway, which has been successful in regulating and innovating for sustainable aquaculture, accounts for more than half of world production. A model dealing with pass-through of exchange rates and tariff rates based on the exporter’s profit maximization was applied to 28 major countries importing from Norway, using yearly panel data for 2000–2016. Significant evidence of price discrimination was observed in Asian countries where Norway has a high market share, such as China, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. This implies that the market structure of imperfect competition played a major role, suggesting the need to diversify imports to transform the market structure in favor of consumers in Asian countries. Research on the pricing behavior of fisheries products, including cultured fish, is limited in international trade. This paper addresses the gap by applying the pass-through model with changes in tariff rate as well as exchange rate.
The Potential of Plantain Residues for the Ghanaian Bioeconomy—Assessing the Current Fiber Value Web
Authors: Loos Tim K. , Hoppe Marlene , Dzomeku Beloved M. , Scheiterle Lilli
Published: December 2018

An essential part in the concept of any emerging bioeconomy includes the sustainable use of biomass as a resource for industrial raw materials. Focusing on the increasing demand for natural fibers, it will be necessary to identify alternative sources without compromising food security. Here, untapped potential lies in the use of plantain residues. Yet, it is unclear how or whether this can be activated. This article investigates the current situation in Ghana as a major plantain producer in Africa. Based on data collected with participatory tools, expert interviews, and group discussions, we (i) assess predominant plantain production structures, (ii) derive a stakeholder network map identifying institutional challenges, and (iii) discuss the potential starting points for linking the supply side with the national or international fiber market. Results indicate that there is substantial interest of private enterprises for high quality fibers. Despite traditional knowledge, after fruit harvest the fiber rich plantain pseudostems usually remain in the field. From an institutional point of view, key stakeholders and structures exist that could boost the establishment of a sustainable plantain based fiber value web. Key to such an endeavor, however, would be to pilot activities, including technology transfer of suitable innovations from other countries.
Exploring Driving Forces of Sustainable Development of China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry: An Analysis from the Perspective of an Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Wu Jianlong , Yang Zhongji , Hu Xiaobo , Wang Hongqi , Huang Jing
Published: December 2018

The sustainable development of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry is receiving increasing attention worldwide. However, as a “catch-up” country in the automobile industry, China has made remarkable achievements in NEV industry development. To explore this phenomenon, this paper develops an “innovation-demand-policy” (IDP) framework to investigate the driving forces of sustainable development of the NEV industry from the perspective of an innovation ecosystem. Based on a comprehensive data collection and processing of interviews, patents, industry reports, and policy documents, the findings showed that technological innovation, market demand, and government policy drive NEV industry development together, and policy can play an effective role of coordination only when it follows an innovation process and market demand selection mechanism. Specifically, technological grafting, potential market demand, and supply-side policy create a minimum viable ecosystem and the embryonic form of the NEV industry. Technological breakthroughs, public demand, and demand-side policy enhance the NEV industry’s ability to grow via a platform ecosystem. Additionally, total innovation, private demand, and environmental-side policy upgrade the NEV industry through expanding and reconfiguring the innovation ecosystem. This study also provides suggestions for policymakers and industrialists to promote sustainable development of the NEV industry in the future.
Spatio-Temporal Changes and Dependencies of Land Prices: A Case Study of the City of Olomouc
Authors: Burian Jaroslav , Macků Karel , Zimmermannová Jarmila , Kočvarová Barbora
Published: December 2018

Land price sustainability issues have been addressed by many authors in the past. Most of these researchers used land prices (from land price maps) as the primary data source in their studies. Only a few papers analysed official land price maps, which are available very rarely. For this reason, we studied the spatial and temporal changes of land prices in the city of Olomouc based in an analysis of official land price maps from 1993 to 2017. We proposed several research hypotheses to confirm some general statements about land price changes. We concluded that some economic indicators had a significant impact on changes in land prices. In the residential and commercial areas and historical centre, land prices are significantly higher than in other monitored aspects (land-use types). We also concluded that no link existed between land-use stability and land price stability. Surprisingly, no long-term stable areas were found in the area of interest. The analysis also confirmed that land price and its change over time varied in different spatial aspects. Unexpectedly, the smallest influence was reflected in the economic aspect. Regarding natural events in recent decades, we observed a significant drop in land prices in the vicinity of watercourses threatened by flooding. These findings can assist in better understanding local development and changes in land price. The results of this study can help in gaining better understanding of economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainability of land price changes.
A New Methodology for Improving Service Quality Measurement: Delphi-FUCOM-SERVQUAL Model
Authors: Prentkovskis Olegas , Erceg Živko , Stević Željko , Tanackov Ilija , Vasiljević Marko , Gavranović Mladen
Published: December 2018

The daily requirements and needs imposed on the executors of logistics services imply the need for a higher level of quality. In this, the proper execution of all sustainability processes and activities plays an important role. In this paper, a new methodology for improving the measurement of the quality of the service consisting of three phases has been developed. The first phase is the application of the Delphi method to determine the quality dimension ranking. After that, in the second phase, using the FUCOM (full consistency method), we determined the weight coefficients of the quality dimensions. The third phase represents determining the level of quality using the SERVQUAL (service quality) model, or the difference between the established gaps. The new methodology considers the assessment of the quality dimensions of a large number of participants (customers), on the one hand, and experts’ assessments on the other hand. The methodology was verified through the research carried out in an express post company. After processing and analyzing the collected data, the Cronbach alpha coefficient for each dimension of the SERVQUAL model for determining the reliability of the response was calculated. To determine the validity of the results and the developed methodology, an extensive statistical analysis (ANOVA, Duncan, Signum, and chi square tests) was carried out. The integration of certain methods and models into the new methodology has demonstrated greater objectivity and more precise results in determining the level of quality of sustainability processes and activities.
Pixel-Value-Ordering based Reversible Information Hiding Scheme with Self-Adaptive Threshold Strategy
Authors: Lu Tzu-Chuen , Tseng Chun-Ya , Huang Shu-Wen , Nhan Vo. Thanh
Published: December 2018

Pixel value ordering (PVO) hiding scheme is a kind of data embedding technique that hides a secret message in the difference of the largest and second largest pixels of a block. After that, the scholars improved PVO scheme by using a threshold to determine whether the block is smooth or complex. Only a smooth block can be used to hide information. The researchers analyzed all the possible thresholds to find the proper one for hiding secret message. However, it is time consuming. Some researchers decomposing the smooth block into four smaller blocks for hiding more messages to increase image quality. However, the complexity of the block is more important than block size. Hence, this study proposes an ameliorated method. The proposed scheme analyzes the variation of the region so as to judge the complexity of the block and applies quantification strategy to quantified the pixel for making sure the pixel is reversible. It adopts an adaptive threshold generation mechanism to find the proper threshold for different images. The results show that the image quality of the proposed scheme is higher than that of the other methods. The proposed scheme can also let the user adjust the hiding rate to achieve higher image quality or hiding capacity.
Oscillatory Behavior of Three Dimensional α-Fractional Delay Differential Systems
Authors: Kilicman Adem , Sadhasivam Vadivel , Deepa Muthusamy , Nagajothi Nagamanickam
Published: December 2018

In the present work we study the oscillatory behavior of three dimensional α -fractional nonlinear delay differential system. We establish some sufficient conditions that will ensure all solutions are either oscillatory or converges to zero, by using the inequality technique and generalized Riccati transformation. The newly derived criterion are also used to establish a new class of systems with delay which are not covered in the existing study of literature. Further, we constructed some suitable illustrations.
SDAE-BP Based Octane Number Soft Sensor Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Gasoline Blending Process
Authors: Tian Ying , You Xinyu , Huang Xiuhui
Published: December 2018

As the most important properties in the gasoline blending process, octane number is difficult to be measured in real time. To address this problem, a novel deep learning based soft sensor strategy, by using the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy obtained in the gasoline blending process, is proposed. First, as a network structure with hidden layer as symmetry axis, input layer and output layer as symmetric, the denosing auto-encoder (DAE) realizes the advanced expression of input. Additionally, the stacked DAE (SDAE) is trained based on unlabeled NIR and the weights in each DAE is recorded. Then, the recorded weights are used as the initial parameters of back propagation (BP) with the reason that the SDAE trained initial weights can avoid local minimums and realizes accelerate convergence, and the soft sensor model is achieved with labeled NIR data. Finally, the achieved soft sensor model is used to estimate the real time octane number. The performance of the method is demonstrated through the NIR dataset of gasoline, which was collected from a real gasoline blending process. Compared with PCA-BP (the dimension of datasets of BP reduced by principal component analysis) soft sensor model, the prediction accuracy was improved from 86.4% of PCA-BP to 94.8%, and the training time decreased from 20.1 s to 16.9 s. Therefore, SDAE-BP is proposed as a novel method for rapid and efficient determination of octane number in the gasoline blending process.
Toward an Interoperability and Integration Framework to Enable Digital Thread
Authors: Bone Mary , Blackburn Mark , Kruse Benjamin , Dzielski John , Hagedorn Thomas , Grosse Ian
Published: December 2018

This article discusses ongoing research investigating the feasibility of supporting an interoperability and integration framework to enable the digital thread, or an authoritative source of truth with current technology. The question that initiated this exploratory research was, “Is there current technology that can enable cross-domain digital artifact data sharing needed for the digital thread?” A thorough review and investigation of current state-of-the-art model-based systems engineering was performed by reviewing literature and performing multiple site visits and interviews with organizations at the forefront of digital engineering. After this initial investigation and review, a Semantic Web-enabled framework that would allow data in the thread to be captured, stored, transferred, checked for completeness and consistency, and changed under revision change control management began to be formed. This framework has gone through revisions. This paper reflects the most current demonstration of the framework and its capability of acquiring digital data, and parsing and querying the data using Semantic Web technology to generate a decision table that allows the decision data to be visualized. The article concludes with future demonstrations of the framework to further advance toward a framework that can enable a digital thread in practice.
Prion Strain-Specific Structure and Pathology: A View from the Perspective of Glycobiology
Authors: Baskakov Ilia V. , Katorcha Elizaveta , Makarava Natallia
Published: December 2018

Prion diseases display multiple disease phenotypes characterized by diverse clinical symptoms, different brain regions affected by the disease, distinct cell tropism and diverse PrPSc deposition patterns. The diversity of disease phenotypes within the same host is attributed to the ability of PrPC to acquire multiple, alternative, conformationally distinct, self-replicating PrPSc states referred to as prion strains or subtypes. Structural diversity of PrPSc strains has been well documented, yet the question of how different PrPSc structures elicit multiple disease phenotypes remains poorly understood. The current article reviews emerging evidence suggesting that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of PrPSc, are important players in defining strain-specific structures and disease phenotypes. This article introduces a new hypothesis, according to which individual strain-specific PrPSc structures govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms that form strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface and contribute to defining the disease phenotype and outcomes.
GPs’ attitudes towards digital technologies for depression: an online survey in primary care
Authors: Breedvelt Josefien JF , Zamperoni Victoria , Kessler David , Riper Heleen , Kleiboer Annet M , Elliott Iris , Abel Kathryn M , Gilbody Simon , Bockting Claudi LH
Published: December 2018

Background

Digital or electronic mental health (e-mental health) interventions can be useful approaches in reducing the burden of depression, with tools available for use in prevention, treatment, or relapse prevention. They may have specific benefit for primary care, as depression is often managed in this setting. However, little is known about attitudes and barriers among GPs towards e-mental health interventions for depression.

Aim

This study aimed to assess attitudes, knowledge, use, and barriers for depression-focused e-mental health among GPs across the UK.

Design and setting

An online survey of self-selecting GPs in the UK conducted over a 10-day period in December 2017.

Method

The survey consisted of 13 multiple choice questions posted on the Doctors.net.uk (DNUK) website.

Results

In all, 1044 responses were included; 72% of GPs reported using at least one type of e-mental health intervention for depression. Overall, GPs reported that e-mental health interventions are most effective when delivered in a guided way, rather than in an unguided manner. In addition, 92% of GPs reported that neither they nor their colleagues received e-mental health training.

Conclusion

A moderate number of GPs use e-mental health for depression in their services, and report it is likely that its use will increase. There is a gap in training and awareness of effective interventions. GPs consider guided e-mental health interventions to be most effective, in contrast to the unguided way it is mostly offered in primary care.
Impact of Transparency and Corruption on Mega-Event Support
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Glauber Eduardo , Gursoy Dogan , Ribeiro Manuel Alector , Netto Alexandre Panosso
Published: December 2018

Mega-events and corruption are two major issues in modern society. Unfortunately, both sometimes go hand in hand. This study examined the effects of corruption perceptions on residents' impact perceptions and their support for hosting a mega-event in their community. Furthermore, this
study investigated the influence of transparency on corruption, residents' impact perceptions, and their support for a mega-event by focusing on the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil. Findings indicated that corruption perceptions are critical determinants of residents' impact perceptions
and their support for hosting a mega-event. Findings further suggested that transparency is an important determinant of residents' corruption perceptions, impact perceptions, and support for hosting a mega-event.
I Like You. I Like You Not. Dynamic Social Impact Perceptions of an International Sporting Event
Authors: Scholtz Marco , Slabbert Elmarie , Saayman Melville
Published: December 2018

It is a fact that tourism endeavors require the backing of the residents of the communities where it takes place to be sustainable. To date, most social impact studies measure a single instance of residents' tourism social impact perceptions. However, the literature reveals that residents'
perceptions might change over time, and therefore a panel data measurement approach is suggested. It was the purpose of this study to use panel data to measure (over 3 years) the social impact perceptions of residents in the impoverished city of Kimberley in South Africa towards the annual
Kimberley Diamond Cup skateboarding event. In total, 1,039 questionnaires were collected over 3 years using stratified sampling. Four factors were revealed: city development, negative impacts, community upliftment, and increased tourism activity. When examining social impact
perception trends, a general decline was observed in the positive perceptions, while the negative perceptions remained unchanged. This reveals that the event is not contributing towards positive social impact perceptions as in the beginning, and it did not improve adverse social impact perceptions.
This study contributes towards the strategic planning and management of more sustainable sports events through multiple interval social impact measurements.
Strategic Meetings Management: Exploring the Implementation of an Industry Phenomenon
Authors: Kitchen Eliza
Published: December 2018

Within the business events sector, strategic meetings management (SMM) is a practice that is increasingly being adopted around the world in order to produce cost savings and provide more value from an organization's meetings profile. Unstable economic factors have encouraged organizations
to be more strategic and develop partnerships to deliver cost-effective meetings of a consistent quality. The premise of SMM is to reduce wasted meeting time and unnecessary costs by aligning meetings to the business goals of the organization. As a phenomenon developed in the US, SMM is now
being adopted by organizations around the world. Despite its prevalence in industry, there is a paucity of academic research or literature on SMM. This article explores the concept of SMM and how organizations are implementing practices to achieve greater value from their meetings and events.
Data collection involved two focus groups and interviews with 28 industry experts followed by a survey resulting in 1,302 responses. Analysis of this data revealed the current practices of practitioners, the key reasons for adopting SMM, and the barriers preventing adoption. The findings of
this study suggest that organization size can be an influential factor in SMM implementation. Additionally, there appears to be a shift in focus from purely cost savings and transparency drivers to a consideration of the attendee experience.
Volunteers' Perceived Costs and Benefits: The Impact of Context and their Influence on Volunteers' Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Hallmann Kirstin , Zehrer Anita
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate if the perceived benefits and costs of volunteering are congruent among nonprofit organizations and for-profit sport events and how they influence volunteers' satisfaction and behavioral intentions. By means of a survey, data from the German Championships in Gymnastics (n= 51) and a tournament of the German Gymnastics Federation (n= 74) plus data from eight nonprofit sport clubs (n= 115) were collected. The findings are underpinning the rationale of social exchange theory from a theoretical perspective. Volunteer managers should be aware that perceived costs and benefits differ between club and event volunteers. Social capital drives behavioral intentions of event volunteers, but not behavioral intentions of club volunteers.
METHODOLOGY OF VISUAL ART LOCALIZATION IN PUBLIC SPACES ON EXAMPLE OF POZNAN CITY
Authors: Januchta-Szostak Anna
Published: December 2018

In the times of unification of cultural patterns the art in public areas takes on a very responsible role – creating cognitive map and emphasizing identity of the place. Valuable architectural and sculpture monuments take deserved top position in creating unique townscape. But not only spectacular buildings create the image of the city, sometimes inconspicuous sculptures become city symbols. The subject of research conveyed by the author in Poznan was the quality of public areas and possibilities of making them more attractive by introducing monuments and water elements. Autor define the typology of public art objects (considering their function, form and scale) and methodology of lacalization from the city-scale (according to the viewing popularity aspects and rank of the place) to the csale of indyvidual urban interior. The spatial and social role of sculpture in urban area was analized on examples of public places in Poznan.

Vizualinio meno lokalizacijos viešosiose erdvėse metodologija poznanės pavyzdžiu

Santrauka

Vienodėjant kultūriniams kontekstams viešųjų erdvių menas įgyja ypatingą ir labai svarbią reikšmę kaip atpažinimo elementais atskleidžiantis ir pabrėžiantis vietos identitetą. Vertingi architektūriniai ir skulptūriniai elementai tampa svarbiausiais unikalių miestovaizdžių formantais. Tačiau ne tik įspūdingi statiniai kuria miesto vaizdą. Kartais niekuo neišsiskiriančios, vos pastebimos skulptūros tampa miesto simboliais. Tyrimo, atlikto Poznanės mokslininkės, tema yra viešųjų erdvių kokybė ir galimybė padidinti jų patrauklumą meno kūriniais ir vandens elementais. Autorė apibrėžė viešojo meno objektų tipologiją, įvertindama jų paskirtį, formą ir mastelį, ir lokalizacijos metodiką nuo viso miesto masto iki mažiausiojo mastelio nominalių erdvių, įvertindama apžvalgos populiarumą ir vietos kategoriją. Poznanės pavyzdžiu išanalizuotas tiek erdvinis, tiek visuomeninis miesto skulptūrų vaidmuo.
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY UTOPIAS IN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Nekrošius Liutauras
Published: December 2018

Utopias are often looked upon as a positive phenomenon stimulating human thinking and imagination. This could not be denied. Although when morality is treated just as a tool to achieve generous intentions, realization of utopias is usually followed by different social repressions. A good deal of research has been done on utopian societies. But most often such works are merely focussed on the subjects of innovation, imagination and tangibility. In research works by western as well as soviet authors certain idealization of the research object can be felt, and the issues of social utopias are rarely discussed. These questions are worth reviewing on a broader scale. The present work focusses on the aspects of communist (socialist) utopian ethics and its links with modernism. It is important to compare ethical differences of architectural utopias that existed in West European and soviet spaces. The present text is a part of a wider research on structuralistic ideas in contemporary Lithuanian architecture. The author thinks such a review may help to develop more precise understanding of the development peculiarities of humanistic ideas in architecture of the 20th century in our country.

XX a. architektūros utopijų etiniai aspektai

Santrauka

Dažnai laikomasi nuostatos, kad utopija teigiamas, žmogaus mąstymą ir vaizduotę skatinantis reiškinys. Su tuo negalima nesutikti. Tačiau kai moralumą imama traktuoti kaip kilnių tikslų įrankį, utopijos įgyvendinimą neretai ima lydėti įvairios socialinės represijos. Utopinių visuomenių tyrimų gausu. Tačiau juose dažniau nagrinėjamos novacijų, vaizduotės, realumo temos. Vakarų bei sovietinių autorių darbuose neretai jaučiamas tiriamojo objekto idealizavimas, retai svarstomi socialiniai utopijų klausimai. Juos tikslinga apžvelgti plačiau. Darbe dėmesys telkiamas ties komunistinės (socialistinės) utopijos etikos aspektais bei šios utopijos sąsajomis su modernizmu. Svarbu palyginti Vakarų Europos bei sovietinėje erdvėse gyvavusių architektūros utopijų etinius skirtumus. Šis tekstas yra platesnio tyrimo apie struktūralistines idėjas šiuolaikinėje Lietuvos architektūroje dalis. Manoma, kad tokia apžvalga padės tiksliau suvokti XX a. humanistinių architektūros idėjų raidos savitumus mūsų šalyje.
RELATION BETWEEN VIRTUAL AND PHYSICAL MOBILITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jauneikaitė Kristina
Published: December 2018

Mobility, often regarded as a communication indicator, is one of the results of city functioning, therefore, it should be evaluated as the main urbanistic paradigm. An assumption that physical and virtual mobility are the factors of the same system was investigated in the work. The influence of fluctuations of one type of mobility on the mobility as a whole was analysed. For this purpose a sociological experiment was performed using the diary of physical and virtual mobility. The results of the experiment confirmed the assumption. Conclusions were drawn emphasizing the importance of the identifying and forecasting demand for virtual mobility as a very important part of the whole mobility system as well as application of mobility tendencies in an urban development.

Virtualaus ir fizinio judrumo santykis, jo reikšmė miestų plėtrai

Santrauka

Judrumas, dažnai suprantamas kaip susisiekimo rodiklis, yra viena iš miesto funkcionavimo pasekmių, todėl turėtų būti vertinamas kaip pagrindinė urbanistikos paradigma. Nagrinėjama prielaida, kad fizinis ir virtualusis mobilumas yra vienos ir tos pačios sistemos veiksniai ir kaip vieno judrumo tipo reikšmės poky čiai daro įtaką judrumui kaip visumai. Siekiant ištirti šią prielaidą, buvo atliktas eksperimentinis tikslinės grupės tyrimas, pildant virtualaus ir fizinio judrumo dienoraščius. Tyrimo rezultatai šią prielaidą patvirtino. Straipsnyje pabrėžiama virtualiojo judrumo (kaip bendrojo judrumo dalies) svarba nustatant ir prognozuojant jo poreikį ir būtinybė atsižvelgti į bendrojo judrumo tendencijas teritorijų planavimo procese.