bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual adaptive performance in computer-mediated work: a migration perspective
Authors: Bravo Edgardo R. , Ostos Jhony
Published: February 2020

Purpose

In dynamic environments, employees should respond to changing demands carrying out actions to achieve proper knowledge of the information systems (IS) that they use (individual adaptation). However, few studies have investigated the determinants of this behaviour. This study proposes and empirically evaluates a cognitive-attitudinal model grounded in migration theory, which considers push, pull and mooring factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from ERP users were analysed using partial least squares.

Findings

Coherent with migration theory, the results show that the individual adapts influenced by push factors (dissatisfaction with their current command of the IS), pull factors (expected benefits from improving their command) and mooring factors (attitude to the adaptation process). Also, inertia and cost of adaption impact on attitude.

Research limitations/implications

This study introduces migration theory to the IS literature as a basis for comprehensively explaining adaptation in organisational settings.

Practical implications

The results suggest that management should: exhibit the instrumental benefits of a solid command of the IS; show the current gap in employee knowledge to revert it and, introduce changes to move employees out of their comfort zone to encourage ongoing learning and reduce resistance.

Originality/value

While previous studies have focused on the implementation stage and the emotional factors to explain adaptation, this study intends to bridge this gap by investigating cognitive-attitudinal factors that trigger the intention to adapt in the post-adoption stage. The findings of this study are useful to researchers in adaptation behaviour, and to managers to promote IS learning for their staff.
Impact of export product concentration on social protection expenditure
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study investigates empirically the impact of export product concentration (or diversification) on social protection expenditure in both developed and developing countries. The analysis further explores whether this effect depends on countries' degree of openness to international trade.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis has relied on an unbalanced panel data set comprising 112 countries over the period 1980–2010 and used the two-step system generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimator as the econometric approach.

Findings

The empirical analysis conveys two messages. First, low-income countries experience a positive effect of export product concentration on social protection expenditure, while for relatively advanced economies, export product diversification positively influences social protection expenditure. Second, countries that further open up their economies to international trade experience a positive effect of export product diversification on social protection expenditure, with the magnitude of this impact increasing as the degree of openness rises.

Research limitations/implications

These findings highlight the relevance of export product diversification for social protection expenditure in both developed and developing countries, notably in the context of greater trade openness.

Practical implications

The diversification of export products is one means for developed and developing countries alike to increase the scope for social protection expenditure.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this topic had not been addressed.
Value creation of tourist experiences in spectacular and spontaneous designs
Authors: Fonseca Marcelo Jacques , Zuanazzi Laura Tonon , Castilhos Rodrigo B. , Trez Guilherme
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study aims at understanding how consumers engage with and perceive value in “spectacular” versus “spontaneous” designs of tourist experiences. Building on the idea that experiences unfold over time through consumers' interactions with multiple touchpoints composed of assemblages of material and interpersonal elements, how these designs can be conducive to various dimensions of the consumer experience value is shown.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative comparative “embedded case study” (Yin, 2018) of the tourist experiences at In Vino (pseudonym), a traditional winery located in the Vale dos Vinhedos (Valley of the Vineyards) in southern Brazil, was conducted. Based on initial archival research into relevant and noteworthy experiences, two distinct tourist experiences for In Vino were designed. Both experiences were implemented, and participant observations and interviews with participants were conducted.

Findings

The two experiences effectively lead visitors to unique and separate interpersonal, temporal and materially engaging experiences. Both generated educational, entertainment, esthetic and escapist value when well executed, and the comparative analysis by the authors helped in outlining a potential combination of the characteristics of spectacular and spontaneous designs that can enhance authenticity value for tourists.

Practical implications

This study provides practical information to help companies develop positive consumer experiences in tourism by employing different combinations of temporal, material and interpersonal elements to emphasize different types of value. It also suggests guidelines for what to do and what to avoid in order to create this value.

Originality/value

This paper shows that it is the very union of elements from two apparently antagonistic types of encounters that provides positive values in tourism-related experiences. It also extends the notion of authenticity as an outcome that can potentially be perceived in both types of experiences. Finally, it introduces guidelines on how to manage the different values in order to help companies offer a positive tourist experience.
Is anybody listening? The impact of automatically evaluated job interviews on impression management and applicant reactions
Authors: Langer Markus , König Cornelius J. , Hemsing Victoria
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Automatic evaluation of job interviews has become an alternative for assessing interviewees. Therefore, questions arise regarding applicant reactions and behavior when algorithms automatically evaluate applicants' interview responses. This study tests arguments from previous research suggesting that applicants whose interviews will be automatically evaluated may use less impression management (IM), but could react more negatively to the interview.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants (N = 124; primarily German students) took part in an online mock interview where they responded to interview questions via voice recordings (i.e. an asynchronous interview). Prior to the interview, half of them were informed that their answers would be evaluated automatically (vs by a human rater). After the interviews, participants reported their honest and deceptive IM behavior as well as their reactions to the interview.

Findings

Participants in the automatic evaluation condition engaged in less deceptive IM, felt they had fewer opportunities to perform during the interview, and provided shorter interview answers.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study suggest a trade-off between IM behavior and applicant reactions in technologically advanced interviews. Furthermore, the results indicate that automatically evaluated interviews might affect interview validity (e.g. because of less deceptive IM) and influence interviewees' response behavior.

Practical implications

Hiring managers might hope that automatically evaluated interviews decrease applicants' use of deceptive IM. However, the results also challenge organizations to pay attention to negative effects of automatic evaluation on applicant reactions.

Originality/value

This study is the first empirical study investigating the impact of automatically evaluated interviews on applicant behavior and reactions.
Comparing public and private organisations in their quest to become a preferred customer of suppliers
Authors: Schiele Holger
Published: February 2020

Purpose

In industrial procurement, the concept of supplier satisfaction has gained increasing attention. Satisfied suppliers have been found to provide better prices, more innovations and priority in bottleneck situations. This paper aims to analyses in how far the concept of supplier satisfaction can be transferred to the public procurement domain.

Design/methodology/approach

Two large quantitative data sets are compared, one from a sample of suppliers evaluating their industrial clients, the other from a public customer being evaluated by its suppliers.

Findings

The same criteria which explain supplier satisfaction with its customer, which are relevant in the private and industrial case also hold true for the public case, namely, growth opportunity, profitability, relational behaviour and operative excellence are important criteria for distinction. Only relational behaviour by the customer scored significantly higher in the public sample, indicating that this is more an influencing factor for public organisations.

Research limitations/implications

Showing the relevance of supplier satisfaction also for the public domain paves the way to further research better understanding how to measure satisfaction and how to increase suppliers’ satisfaction.

Practical implications

Buying organisations are asked to apply a form of “upstream marketing”, in which they actively try to promote their organisation with their suppliers and increase its attractiveness. This is a new way to get access to better services from suppliers.

Social implications

Analysing supplier satisfaction, on the one hand, allows to improve public purchasing acts, which generate social benefits in better using public money. On the other hand, caring for the well-being of suppliers is per se contributing to a socially more desirable world.

Originality/value

Supplier satisfaction is a new concept in the public procurement domain. This is the first paper to introduce this approach.
The leadership thing – a unique perspective
Authors: Mazze Edward , Davis Stanley
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to surface the misdirection of certain accepted organization development and executive compensation practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Against a backdrop of academic leadership studies, this paper engages the authors’ hands-on expertise drawn from their joint 100 plus years of organization building experience.

Findings

The pragmatic consideration of leaders’ performance and potential boils down to assessing their attitude, skills, knowledge and impact.

Originality/value

This paper exposes the inadvertent effect of some common customs and policies on organizations.
Pay the bribe or take the high road: dilemma of a young female Tanzanian entrepreneur
Authors: Galperin Bella L. , Enueme Chinenye Florence , Dixon Deirdre Painter
Published: February 2020

Theoretical basis

The purpose of this paper is to raise the question of whether having ethical values dictate actions at defining moments and builds upon theoretical frameworks in ethics, entrepreneurship and national culture. Three ethical approaches recommended for this case are: ends-based, virtue-based and rules-based.

Research methodology

The methods of data collection were both primary and secondary. Primary data were collected through face to face and phone interviews with the primary subject. Secondary data were obtained through research journals and articles.

Case overview/synopsis

This case study illustrates the experiences of a young female entrepreneur in Tanzania, Africa. It investigates the role of cultural practices, unemployment, corruption and ethics in shaping business decisions. The Tanzanian culture and business climate typically view women in traditional roles, while men dominate in corporate roles. These factors limit the ability of women to succeed. Elisa King is determined to pursue her dream to create a business beneficial to her community. To realize her dream, King finds herself in an ethical dilemma brought on by an overall corrupt culture.

Complexity academic level

This case is appropriate for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses with an ethics component.
Conventional ultrasonography and elastography for the diagnosis of congenital and infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Gong Xia , Hua Chen , Xiong Ping , Li Jia , Ding Angang , Lin Xiaoxi , Wang Lizhen
Published: February 2020

Infantile and congenital hemangiomas are difficult to distinguish in infants. The aim of this study was to compare the conventional ultrasonographic (US) and elastographic features of infantile and congenital hemangiomas. The US findings in 118 patients with congenital hemangioma (58 non‐involuting, 36 rapidly involuting, 24 partially involuting) and 111 with 120 infantile hemangioma were retrospectively evaluated. On US imaging, 31.7% of infantile hemangiomas were hyperechoic, 31.7% hypoechoic and 36.6% mixed‐echoic with hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas; 57.6% of congenital hemangiomas were mixed‐echoic with a hypoechoic area and many vessels visible, 39.0% hypoechoic and 3.4% were mixed‐echoic with hyperechoic and hypoechoic area. Calcifications were present in 6.8% and visible vessels involving muscle in 24.6% of congenital hemangiomas. All infantile hemangiomas and 82.2% of congenital hemangiomas were well‐defined. All congenital hemangiomas were subcutaneous whereas 17.5% of the infantile hemangiomas were superficial. The maximum diameter and vascular density were greater in congenital hemangiomas. Elastography demonstrated that the congenital hemangiomas were softer than the infantile hemangiomas. The maximum diameter (including of visible vessels), thickness, vascular density, venous blood flow velocity and elasticity scores were greater for rapidly and partially involuting congenital hemangiomas than for non‐involuting ones. The density of visible vessels in congenital hemangiomas decreased in the order of non‐involuting, partially involuting and rapidly involuting. In conclusion, congenital hemangiomas have distinctive US imaging characteristics, including a greater maximum diameter, vascular density, number of visible vessels, visible vessels involving muscle, calcifications and elasticity score.
Survey of Japanese dermatological vasculitis specialists on cases of cutaneous arteritis (cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa)
Authors: Ikeda Takaharu , Kawakami Tamihiro , Arimura Yoshihiro , Ishiguro Naoko , Ishizu Akihiro , Ito Fuyu , Ito‐Ihara Toshiko , Okiyama Naoko , Ono Sachiko , Suzuki Kazuo , Sugawara Koji , Seishima Mariko , Kodera Masanari , Tanaka Maiko , Hasegawa Minoru , Furukawa Fukumi , Yamaguchi Yukie , Yoshizaki Ayumi ,   Revised Committee for guidelines for the management of vasculitis, vascular disorders of the Japanese Dermatological Association
Published: February 2020

We developed a questionnaire to examine the findings of cutaneous arteritis among dermatological specialists experienced in vasculitis as certified by the Committee for guidelines for the management of vasculitis and vascular disorders of the Japanese Dermatological Association. We sent a questionnaire to 12 dermatological facilities identified through the revised Committee for guidelines for the management of vasculitis and vascular disorders of the Japanese Dermatological Association. Retrospective data obtained from 84 patients at the 12 dermatological facilities between 2012 January 2016 December were evaluated. The 84 patients were categorized into two groups, a systemic steroid treatment group (group 1, n = 52) and a no systemic steroid treatment group (group 2, n = 32). C‐reactive protein in group 1 patients was significantly higher than that in group 2 patients. Frequency of fever, arthritis, myalgia‐ and peripheral neuropathy in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2. We propose that these symptoms could serve as early markers for the transfer from cutaneous arteritis to systemic polyarteritis nodosa. We further suggest that patients who are subsequently associated with cerebral hemorrhage and infarction, who are originally diagnosed as having cutaneous arteritis, could progress to systemic polyarteritis nodosa. The study demonstrated that it is important for dermatologists to detect these findings early in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and a timely treatment.
Where the Action Is: Macro and Micro Justice in Contract Law
Authors: Tan Zhong Xing
Published: February 2020

In contemporary private law theory the relationship between ‘macro’ theories of distributive justice and the ‘micro’ site of interpersonal transactions remains under‐explored. In this paper, I draw on the ‘macro’ theory of justice articulated by John Rawls and offer an account of ‘micro contractual justice’ that helps us understand how the micro domains of contracting introduce particular relational constraints on the infusion of distributive considerations into contract law, resulting in constrained conception of ‘relational Rawlsianism’ operating in contractual domains. My framework provides a bridge between the macro and micro, helping us understand how they are in various senses separate yet interlocking, and also provides a ‘third way’ between all or nothing positions on the place of distributive justice in contract.
Acute Respiratory Obstruction due to Accidental Inhalation of Perlite: A Novel Mechanism for Upper Airway Occlusion with Cast Formation
Authors: Tiemensma Marianne , Fitzpatrick Robert W. , Raven Mark D. , Byard Roger W.
Published: February 2020

A 56‐year‐old man died following a fall resulting in complete submersion into a deep pit containing insulation material, expanded perlite. The most striking finding at autopsy was of impacted, moist pale yellow perlite that extended from the epiglottis into the main bronchi resulting in complete obstruction of the larger and smaller airways with cast formation. Perlite inhalation differs from inhalation of inert materials such as sand and wheat due to its hygroscopic properties and ability to expand forming an occlusive cast. Subsequent analyses of perlite from the worksite and within the airways indicated that hydration of perlite and adsorption of organic molecules into the perlite glass flakes had formed an interlocking, three‐dimensional structure that was likely responsible for triggering a coagulation–flocculation process causing strong cohesion between the aggregates of glass flakes. This unique mechanism was likely responsible for the formation of the plug of perlite that obstructed the upper airway.
On the complementarity of DNA barcoding and morphology to distinguish benign endemic insects from possible pests: the case of Dirioxa pornia and the tribe Acanthonevrini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae) in Australia
Authors: Martoni Francesco , Valenzuela Isabel , Blacket Mark J.
Published: February 2020

Fruit flies are considered economically important insects due to some species being agricultural pests. However, morphological identification of fruit fly adults and larvae can be difficult requiring a high level of taxonomic expertise, with misidentifications causing problematic false‐positive/negative results. While destructive molecular techniques can assist with the identification process, these often cannot be applied where it is mandatory to retain a voucher reference specimen. In this work, we non‐destructively (and partial‐destructively) processed larvae and adults mostly belonging to the species Dirioxa pornia (Walker, 1849), of the poorly studied nonpest fruit fly tribe Acanthonevrini (Tephritidae) from Australia, to enable molecular identifications whilst retaining morphological vouchers. By retaining the morphological features of specimens, we confirmed useful characters for genus/species‐level identification, contributing to improved accuracy for future diagnostics using both molecular and morphological approaches. We provide DNA barcode information for three species of Acanthonevrini known from Australia, which prior to our study was only available for a single species, D. pornia. Our specimen examinations provide new distribution records for three nonpest species: Acanthonevroides variegatus Permkam and Hancock, 1995 in South Australia, Acanthonevroides basalis (Walker, 1853) and D. pornia in Victoria, Australia; as well as new host plant records for D. pornia, from kangaroo apple, apricot and loquat.
Molecular profiling of beer wort fermentation diversity across natural Saccharomyces eubayanus isolates
Authors: Mardones Wladimir , Villarroel Carlos A. , Krogerus Kristoffer , Tapia Sebastian M. , Urbina Kamila , Oporto Christian I. , O’Donnell Samuel , Minebois Romain , Nespolo Roberto , Fischer Gilles , Querol Amparo , Gibson Brian , Cubillos Francisco A.
Published: February 2020

The utilization of S. eubayanus has recently become a topic of interest due to the novel organoleptic properties imparted to beer. However, the utilization of S. eubayanus in brewing requires the comprehension of the mechanisms that underlie fermentative differences generated from its natural genetic variability. Here, we evaluated fermentation performance and volatile compound production in ten genetically distinct S. eubayanus strains in a brewing fermentative context. The evaluated strains showed a broad phenotypic spectrum, some of them exhibiting a high fermentation capacity and high levels of volatile esters and/or higher alcohols. Subsequently, we obtained molecular profiles by generating ‘end‐to‐end’ genome assemblies, as well as metabolome and transcriptome profiling of two Patagonian isolates exhibiting significant differences in beer aroma profiles. These strains showed clear differences in concentrations of intracellular metabolites, including amino acids, such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, likely impacting the production of 2‐methylpropanol and 3‐methylbutanol. These differences in the production of volatile compounds are attributed to gene expression variation, where the most profound differentiation is attributed to genes involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction, which in turn validates phenotypic differences in H2S production. This study lays a solid foundation for future research to improve fermentation performance and select strains for new lager styles based on aroma and metabolic profiles.
Chemical composition and antifeedant activity of some aromatic plants against pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Iqbal Zafar , Emami S. Noushin , Nordlander Göran , Nordenhem Henrik , Mozūratis Raimondas , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Borg‐Karlson Anna Karin
Published: February 2020

The pine weevil Hylobius abietis is an important pest causing severe damage to conifer seedlings in reforestation areas in Europe and Asia. Plants that have no evolutionary history with the pine weevil are of special interest in the search for compounds with a strong antifeedant activity. Thus, the essential oils of nine aromatic plants, viz Amomum subulatum, Cinnamomum tamala, Curcuma longa, Laurus nobilis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum and Trachyspermum ammi were extracted by hydrodistillation. The essential oil constituents were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and antifeedant properties towards the pine weevil were assessed using choice feeding bioassay. The essential oils of C. longa, O. majorana, S. aromaticum and T. ammi showed an excellent antifeedant activity towards the pine weevil for 24 hr, whereas the essential oil of other plants showed the activity for 6 hr. There was a positive correlation between the amount of benzenoid compounds and the antifeedant activity of the essential oils. This study suggests that pine weevil non‐host plant compounds have potential to be used for the protection of seedlings against pine weevil feeding. However, further study will be needed to explore the antifeedant activity of individual components and oils in the laboratory as well as in the field.
Food–oil volatility spillovers and the impact of distinct biofuel policies on price uncertainties on feedstock markets
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Saucedo Alberto
Published: February 2020

Over recent decades, the link between crude oil and agricultural markets has been reinforced following the introduction of biofuels. We use timely measures of (co)variation spillovers to analyze the role of crude oil in shaping price uncertainties of agricultural commodities, which are largely used as biofuel feedstocks. Our sectoral‐ and market‐specific measures distinguish tranquil (1995–2005) and crisis episodes (2006–2015), as well as periods during which either consumption mandates or tax credits were enacted to spur biofuels. During the crisis period, crude oil volatility transmissions account for 16% (20%) of price uncertainties in ethanol (biodiesel) feedstock markets on average. Moreover, we find evidence of enhanced volatility transmissions under tax credit regimes compared with consumption mandates. The results from pooled regressions confirm stronger volatility transmissions by about 12% under the enactment of tax credits.
‘I will walk out of here’: Qualitative analysis of older rehabilitation patients' perceptions of mobility
Authors: Kozica‐Olenski Samantha , McRae Prue , Bew Paul , Mudge Alison
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To understand the motivation of older rehabilitation inpatients for mobilisation, and identify barriers and enablers to greater mobilisation.

Methods

Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with older rehabilitation inpatients. All interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic and inductive techniques.

Results

From 23 interviews, we found that older patients strongly value mobilisation during rehabilitation admission, to get better and maintain identity, personhood and meaningful connections. At the patient level, mobilisation was impacted by patient's confidence, family support and symptom management. At the organisational level, barriers to mobilisation included lack of timely staff support, inflexible routines, limited social opportunities, lack of physical resources, and poor communication.

Conclusions

Recognising and understanding motivators, enablers and barriers to mobilising during subacute hospitalisation of older patients is an essential step towards developing and implementing successful strategies to promote greater mobilisation. Addressing mobilisation barriers requires a multifaceted approach at the patient and organisational level.
Does the FSHB c.‐211G>T polymorphism impact Sertoli cell number and the spermatogenic potential in infertile patients?
Authors: Schubert Maria , Kaldewey Sophie , Pérez Lanuza Lina , Krenz Henrike , Dugas Martin , Berres Sven , Kliesch Sabine , Wistuba Joachim , Gromoll Jörg
Published: February 2020

Background

A genetic variant within the FSHB gene can deviate FSH action on spermatogenesis. The c.‐211G>T FSHB single nucleotide polymorphism impacts FSHB transcription and biosynthesis due to interference with the LHX3 transcription factor binding. This SNP was previously shown to be strongly associated with lowered testicular volume, reduced sperm counts, and decreased FSH levels in patients carrying one or two T‐alleles.

Objective

To determine the impact of the SNP FSHB c.‐211G>T on Sertoli cell (SC) number, Sertoli cell workload (SCWL) and thereby spermatogenic potential.

Material and methods

Testicular biopsies of 31 azoospermic, homozygous T patients (26 non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), and five obstructive azoospermia (OA)) were matched to patients with GG genotype. Marker proteins for SC (SOX9), spermatogonia (MAGE A4), and round spermatids (CREM) were used for semi‐automatical quantification by immunofluorescence. SCWL (number of germ cells served by one SC) was determined and an unbiased clustering on the patient groups performed.

Results

Quantification of SC number in NOA patients did not yield significant differences when stratified by FSHB genotype. SC numbers are also not significantly different between FSHB genotypes for the OA patient group and between NOA and OA groups. SCWL in the NOA patient cohort is significantly reduced when compared to the OA control patients; however, in neither group an effect of the genotype could be observed. The cluster analysis of the whole study cohort yielded two groups only, namely NOA and OA, and no clustering according to the FSHB genotype.

Discussion and conclusion

The FSHB c.‐211G>T polymorphism does not affect SC numbers or SCWL, thereby in principle maintaining the spermatogenic potential. The previously observed clinical phenotype for the FSHB genotype might therefore be caused by a hypo‐stimulated spermatogenesis and not due to a decreased SC number.
Not for the Profit, But for the Training? Gender Differences in Training in the For‐Profit and Non‐Profit Sectors
Authors: Dostie Benoit , Javdani Mohsen
Published: February 2020

In this article, we use Canadian‐linked employer–employee data to examine gender differences in receiving firm‐sponsored training. We find that women in the for‐profit sector are less likely to receive classroom training and receive fewer classroom training courses. However, we find the opposite in the non‐profit sector, where women are more likely to receive both classroom and on‐the‐job training, and also receive more classroom training courses. We show that women's worse training opportunities in the for‐profit sector mainly operate within workplaces. We find no evidence that gender gaps in training in the for‐profit sector are driven by lower probabilities of accepting training offers, child or family commitments, weaker labour market attachment or worker self‐selection. We also find that gender differences in expected changes in wages and training opportunities between the two sectors can explain a large portion of women's higher probability of employment in the non‐profit sector. Finally, decomposition results suggest that part of the gender wage gap in the for‐profit sector, which is twice as large as in the non‐profit sector, can be explained by gender differences in training.
Variations in subjective definitions of everyday situations as intergroup contact
Authors: Keil Tina F. , Koschate Miriam
Published: February 2020

Intergroup contact encompasses a wide range of contact situations. Yet, how ‘contact’ is conceptualized by those involved has rarely been examined. We argue that understanding the range of subjective definitions of contact is important for intergroup contact measurement and wider impact work. In Study 1, 17 participants completed a 3‐day diary and a semi‐structured interview about their experiences of contact with other nationalities. We examined the threshold at which encounters are subjectively defined as intergroup contact. Results showed that subjective definitions of intergroup contact were disparate and diverse, particularly when contact was fleeting or online. In Study 2, we asked a British sample (N = 498) to rate the extent to which 67 different contact scenarios with non‐British people represented ‘intergroup contact’. Findings show that contact situations which diverge from positive, verbal, face‐to‐face encounters, such as negative contact or online contact, were less likely to be understood as contact, with strong variation in ratings. The extent to which situations were seen as contact was positively correlated with the amount of self‐reported intergroup contact. Together, these findings demonstrate the need to recognize and account for the variability in subjective definitions of contact, which ultimately shape self‐reports of intergroup contact.
Is empirical treatment a reasonable strategy for laryngopharyngeal reflux? A contemporary review
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Bock Jonathan M. , Carroll Thomas L. , Akst Lee M.
Published: February 2020

Background

Diagnosis and treatment of presumed laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) remain controversial. Empiric medication trials remain widespread for suspected LPR despite emerging evidence against proton pump inhibitor (PPI) safety and for pepsin as a mediator of LPR symptoms. Ongoing concerns exist related to inaccurate diagnosis, the cost and morbidity of potentially unnecessary PPI prescriptions, and availability and interpretation of objective reflux testing.

Objectives

To review contemporary evidence that does and does not support empiric medication trials for presumed LPR.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for literature about benefits, limitations and alternatives to empiric medication trial for LPR, in order to present both sides of this debate and identify best practices.

Results

The majority of physicians perform prolonged empiric medication trial with PPIs for patients with suspected LPR. Because symptoms and signs of LPR are non‐specific, empiric medication trials require exclusion of other conditions that can mimic LPR. Following a PPI empiric medication trial, over one‐third of patients remain non‐responders. The use of hypopharyngeal‐oesophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring (HEMII‐pH) has benefits and limitations in objective diagnosis of LPR.

Conclusions

Use of PPIs for single‐agent empiric medication trial does not account for possible non‐responders with non‐acid or mixed LPR. If LPR diagnosis remains uncertain, alginates can be added to PPI trials. HEMII‐pH testing upfront is ideal for patients with suspected LPR, but not always practical; it is indicated when PPI and alginate empiric medication trials have failed or when comorbidities confuse the diagnosis. A more comprehensive, combination therapy empiric medication trial regimen may be needed.
Moving from “I” to “We”: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Couple Therapy with Liver Patients and Their Partners
Authors: D’Arrigo‐Patrick Elizabeth , Samman Sarah K. , Knudson‐Martin Carmen
Published: February 2020

Prior research indicates that couples who cope with chronic illness from a relational “we” orientation experience more positive outcomes than couples that cope individually; however, little prior research identifies clinical processes that promote reciprocity or how societal gender processes are involved. This grounded theory analysis of 25 videotaped therapy sessions with six heterosexual couples coping with chronic liver disease (LD) used a feminist‐informed relational lens to focus on the clinical processes involved in shifting from an individual to a relational orientation. Findings identified three contextual barriers to attaining a “we orientation”: (a) autonomy discourse, (b) illness‐related power, and (c) gendered power. Analysis detailed therapist actions that decreased the impact of barriers to reciprocity and fostered relational coping. Clinical implications attend to complex intersections among gender, caregiving, and contextual barriers to reciprocity.
Changing prevalence of aetiological factors and comorbidities among Australians hospitalised for cirrhosis
Authors: Valery Patricia C. , McPhail Steven , Stuart Katherine A. , Hartel Gunter , Clark Paul J. , O'Beirne James , Skoien Richard , Rahman Tony , Moser Chris , Powell Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2020

Background

The rate of hospital admissions for cirrhosis increased 1.3‐fold during 2008–2016 in Queensland. Alcohol misuse was a contributing factor for cirrhosis in 55% of admissions and 40% of patients had at least one comorbidity.

Aims

To examine the temporal change in aetiology of liver disease and presence of comorbidity in patients admitted with cirrhosis.

Methods

Population‐based retrospective cohort study of all people treated in hospital for cirrhosis (10 254 patients) in Queensland during 2008–2016. Data were sourced from Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection.

Results

The commonest aetiology was alcohol (49.5%), followed by cryptogenic (unspecified cirrhosis; 28.5%), hepatitis C virus (19.3%), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (4.8%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (4.3%). The prevalence of alcohol‐related (P = 0.41) and hepatitis C virus (P = 0.08) remained stable between 2008–2010 and 2014–2016, that of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic and HBV‐cirrhosis increased by 67% (P < 0.00001), 27% (P < 0.00001) and 20% (P = 0.00019), respectively; 41.1% of patients had at least one comorbidity. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes nearly doubled (from 13.7% to 25.4%; P < 0.00001) between 2008–2010 and 2014–2016.

Conclusions

Alcohol misuse was the most important aetiology. The importance of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic and HBV‐cirrhosis and the burden of comorbidity increased during 2008–2016. Ongoing alcohol misuse and the increasing prevalence of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic cirrhosis and comorbid type 2 diabetes among admissions for cirrhosis has implications for public health interventions to reduce the burden of unhealthy lifestyle and metabolic disorders.
“I don’t care anymore if she wants to cry through the whole conversation, because it needs to be addressed”: Adult siblings’ experiences of the dynamics of future care planning for brothers and sisters with a developmental disability
Authors: Leane Máire
Published: February 2020

Background

In families with a member with a developmental disability (DD), future care planning is limited (Brennan et al., Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31, 2018, 226; Bowey and McGlaughlin, British Journal of Social Work, 31, 2007, 39; Davys et al., Journal of Intellectual Disability, 14, 2010, 167; Davys et al., British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43, 2014, 219; Davys et al., Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29, 2016, 220). However, most siblings without disabilities (SWD) expect to be involved in the future care of their brother or sister with DD (Benderix and Sivberg, International Paediatric Nursing, 22, 2007, 410; Gomez de la Cuesta and Cos, We exist too: Valuing the contributions of siblings, UK, National Autistic Society, 2012; Heller and Arnold, Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 2010, 16).

Materials and Methods

Based on qualitative interviews with 25 SWD in Ireland, this article explores how SWD experience future planning.

Results and Discussion

The findings indicate that SWD experience care planning as an ongoing, fluid and emotionally charged process. Parental fears, about future care landscapes they do not control and about passing on intergenerational care responsibilities, emerge as key factors inhibiting planning.

Conclusion

Attention to the highly emotive nature of care concerns, and to the tentative pace of planning that is comfortable for families, will help professionals provide optimum planning support.
A new endangered species of Megaleporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the Rio de Contas basin, eastern Brazil
Authors: Birindelli José L. O. , Britski Heraldo A. , Ramirez Jorge L.
Published: February 2020

A new species of Megaleporinus is described from the Rio de Contas, a coastal drainage of eastern Brazil, and its phylogenetic relationships are studied using molecular data. The new species is unique among Anostomidae by possessing two exclusive features: an irregular dark longitudinal stripe from supracleithrum to second midlateral blotch and anterior cranial fontanel partially closed. In addition, the new species is diagnosed by having three premaxillary teeth, three dentary teeth, 37 or 38 scales in lateral line, 16 scale rows around caudal peduncle, three dark midlateral blotches on body, and red fins in life. The new species is closely related to M. obtusidens from the São Francisco basin, corroborating previous studies that indicated that the latter represents a species complex as currently defined. The new species exhibits the first rib enlarged in mature males, a feature described for some congeners. The new species is herein considered to be Endangered under the IUCN criteria.
Mapping of uplift hazard due to rising groundwater level during floods
Authors: Julínek Tomáš , Duchan David , Říha Jaromír
Published: February 2020

European Directive 2007/60/EC only briefly mentions the problem of hazard arising due to groundwater flooding, and techniques for the mapping of hazard occuring due to rising groundwater have not yet been scientifically developed. The groundwater‐related threats that occur during floods may include concentrated leakage of groundwater behind levees, heave, or potential uplift of the topsoil layer at the protected area. The hazard corresponding to rising groundwater level depends on a number of factors related to the flood course, groundwater regime, geology, and topology of the protected area. The limit state approach is applied to the assessment and mapping of hazard induced by rising groundwater level in the area behind flood protection barriers, and the contributing factors are discussed, quantified, and incorporated into the limit state condition for topsoil layer uplift (UPL). An over‐design factor is expressed as a function of the spatial co‐ordinates (x, y). Data from geological and hydrogeological surveys and groundwater flow modelling are used to evaluate individual terms in the limit state condition. Uncertainties in the input data are expressed via partial factors. Data collection and their geographic information systems analysis completed with hydraulic modelling are crucial techniques in the hazard mapping of potential UPL during floods. The article includes a case study featuring a flood protection scheme for a shopping centre in the city of Brno, Czech Republic.
Dopaminergic afferents from midbrain to dorsolateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis inhibit release and expression of corticotropin‐releasing hormone in paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Di Tingting , Wang Ya , Zhang Yajie , Sha Sha , Zeng Yanying , Chen Ling
Published: February 2020

Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to regulate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis but have no direct projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. This study investigated whether VTA DAergic afferents modulate glutamatergic transmission‐dependent GABAergic neurons in dorsolateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (dlBNST) to affect the activity of the HPA‐axis. Herein, we demonstrate that systemic administration of the neurotoxicant 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or the VTA‐injection of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in male mice (MPTP‐mice and MPP+mice) caused a decline of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) cells in VTA with a reduction in TH+fibers in the dlBNST. MPTP‐mice and MPP+mice displayed a clear increase in serum levels of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) expression, and CRH neuron activity in PVN. The presynaptic glutamate release, glutamatergic synaptic transmission and induction of long‐term potentiation in dlBNST of MPTP‐mice were suppressed, and these effects were rescued by a D1‐like DAergic receptor (D1R) agonist and mimicked in control dlBNST by blockade of D1R. MPTP‐mice exhibited low expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and dysfunction of the excitatory‐dependent GABAergic circuit in dlBNST, and these effects were recovered by the administration of D1R agonist. Furthermore, either dlBNST‐injection of D1R agonist or PVN‐injection of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) agonist could correct the increased secretion and expression of CRH in MPTP‐mice. The results indicate that the DAergic afferents from VTA enhance excitatory‐dependent activation of GABAergic neurons in dlBNST, which suppress the activity of the HPA‐axis.

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KIF1A‐related disorders in children: A wide spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system involvement
Authors: Nemani Tarishi , Steel Dora , Kaliakatsos Marios , DeVile Catherine , Ververi Athina , Scott Richard , Getov Spas , Sudhakar Sniya , Male Alison , Mankad Kshitij ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Muntoni Francesco , Reilly Mary M , Kurian Manju A , Carr Lucinda , Munot Pinki
Published: February 2020

KIF1A‐related disorders (KRD) were first described in 2011 and the phenotypic spectrum has subsequently expanded to encompass a range of central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Here we present a case series demonstrating the range of clinical, neurophysiological, and radiological features which may occur in childhood‐onset KRD. We report on all the children and young people seen at a single large tertiary centre. Data were collected through a retrospective case‐notes review. Twelve individuals from 10 families were identified. Eight different mutations were present, including four novel mutations. Two patients displayed a very severe phenotype including congenital contractures, severe spasticity and/or dystonia, dysautonomia, severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy and optic atrophy, significant white matter changes on brain MRI, respiratory insufficiency, and complete lack of neurodevelopmental progress. The remaining 10 patients represented a spectrum of severity with common features including a movement disorder with spasticity and/or dystonia, subtle features of dysautonomia, sensory axonal neuropathy, varying degrees of optic atrophy and of learning and/or behavioural difficulties, and subtle or absent—but sometimes progressive—changes in white matter on MRI. Epilepsy was common among the more severely affected children. This case series demonstrates that KRD comprise a range of neurological disorders, with both the milder and the more severe forms combining central and peripheral (including autonomic) nervous system deficits.
Functional correlations of axial muscle fiber type proportions in the waterfall‐climbing Hawaiian stream fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni
Authors: Blob Richard W. , Baumann Travis , Diamond Kelly M. , Young Vanessa K H. , Schoenfuss Heiko L.
Published: February 2020

Assessing the factors that contribute to successful locomotor performance can provide critical insight into how animals survive in challenging habitats. Locomotion is powered by muscles, so that differences in the relative proportions of red (slow‐oxidative) vs. white (fast‐glycolytic) fibers can have significant implications for locomotor performance. We compared the relative proportions of axial red muscle fibers between groups of juveniles of the amphidromous gobiid fish, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, from the Hawaiian Islands. Juveniles of this species migrate from the ocean into freshwater streams, navigating through a gauntlet of predators that require rapid escape responses, before reaching waterfalls which must be climbed (using a slow, inching behavior) to reach adult breeding habitats. We found that fish from Kaua'i have a smaller proportion of red fibers in their tail muscles than fish from Hawai'i, matching expectations based on the longer pre‐waterfall stream reaches of Kaua'i that could increase exposure to predators, making reduction of red muscle and increases in white muscle advantageous. However, no difference in red muscle proportions was identified between fish that were either successful or unsuccessful in scaling model waterfalls during laboratory climbing trials, suggesting that proportions of red muscle are near a localized fitness peak among Hawaiian individuals.