bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refractory benign esophageal strictures
Authors: Goyal Gopal , Sultania Surender , Meena Babulal , Nijhawan Sandeep
Published: April 2016

Refractory benign esophageal stricture (RBES) is a frequently encountered problem worldwide. These strictures arise from various causes such as corrosive injury, radiation therapy, peptic origin, ablative therapy, and after surgery. Most strictures can be treated successfully with endoscopic dilatation using bougies or balloons, with only a few complications. Those patients who fail after serial dilatation with bougies or balloons will come to the category of refractory strictures. Dilatation combined with intralesional steroid injections can be considered for peptic strictures, whereas incisional therapy has been demonstrated to be effective for short anastomotic strictures. When these therapeutic options do not resolve the stenosis, stent placement should be considered. Self-bougienage can be proposed to a selected group of patients with a proximal stenosis. Most of the patients of RBES respond to above-mentioned treatment and occasional patient may require surgery as the final treatment option. This review aims to provide a comprehensive approach toward endoscopic management of RBESs based on current literature and personal experience.
Carbon dioxide insufflation is superior to air insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A randomized trial
Authors: Darisetty Santosh , Arjunan Saravanan , Tandan Manu , Gupta Rajesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar
Published: April 2016

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation has been shown to be superior to air insufflation in colonoscopy, and double balloon enteroscopy. However, the value of CO2 insufflation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not established. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of CO2 insufflation during ERCP. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients referred for ERCP at a single center were randomized to either air or CO2 insufflation during ERCP. The primary objectives were a post-ERCP abdominal pain (measured by 10 cm visual analog scale [VAS] 30 and 90 min, and 3 h and 24 h after ERCP). Secondary objectives included end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) values and procedural complications. Results: We randomized 298 patients; 149 into air group and 149 into CO2 group. The VAS score for pain was higher in the air group compared to the CO2 group at 30 min, with a median of 1 (interquartile range 1–0) versus median of 1 (interquartile range 1–0); P = 0.031 and 90 min after the procedure with a median of 0 (interquartile range 1–0) versus median of 0 (interquartile range 0–0); P = 0.006. There were no serious adverse events, and the ETCO2 was within normal limits in both groups. Conclusions: CO2 insufflation is superior to air insufflation during ERCP with regard to patient pain and discomfort and warrants wide adoption. Clinical Trials.gov registration number NCT 01321203.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas mimicking walled-off pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Gunjan Deepak , Rana Surinder Singh , Chhabra Puneet , Parghane Rahul Vithalrao , Kumar Rajesh , Dhalaria Lovneet , Mittal Bhawant R. , Bhasin Deepak K.
Published: April 2016

Pancreatic carcinoma is a dreaded diagnosis due to its poor prognosis. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas is a rare histological variety of pancreatic carcinoma. Its diagnosis is based on ruling out other site of tumor origin. Pancreatic carcinoma can mimic as mass or cystic lesion. We report a case of primary SCC of the pancreas in a 46-year-old male that closely mimicked acute pancreatitis with walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
A uniform approach to normality for topological spaces
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Sarma Ratna Dev
Published: April 2016

$(\lambda, \mu)$-regularity and $(\lambda, \mu)$-normality are defined for generalized topological spaces. Several variants of normality existing in the literature turn out to be particular cases of $(\lambda, \mu)$-normality. Uryshon's lemma and Titze's extension theorem are discussed in the light of ($\lambda, \mu$)-normality. 
Convergence in graded ditopological texture spaces
Authors: Ekmekçi Ramazan , Ertürk Rıza
Published: April 2016

Graded ditopological texture spaces have been presented and discussed in categorical aspects by Lawrence M. Brown and Alexander Sostak (see bibliography). In this paper, the authors generalize the structure of difilters in ditopological texture spaces defined in (see bibliography) to the graded ditopological texture spaces and compare the properties of difilters and graded difilters.
The equivalence of two definitions of sequential pseudocompactness
Authors: Lipparini Paolo
Published: April 2016

We show that two possible definitions of sequential pseudocompactness are equivalent, and point out some consequences.
Las torres y su asentamiento. Los casos de la torre de Pisa y de las torres de Angkor
Authors: Croci Giorgio
Published: April 2016

La operación de enderezamiento parcial de la Torre de Pisa brinda la oportunidad para la reflexión sobre las distintas opciones de intervención y permite contrastar de este caso con el ejemplo singular de las torres de Angkor, donde problemas de diversa índole encuentran soluciones adecuadas a su contexto, sus peculiaridades históricas y técnicas y sus coordenadas geoculturales.
The Need for Global Educators? Their Significance in the Present Time and Implication for Quality Education
Authors: Salihu Muftahu Jibirin , Ahamad Ramadneh Nayel Musallam
Published: April 2016

Today, more than ever, globalisation is more evident and its effects are experienced by many people and many countries. This is apparent from the assumption that the future will be marked with complexity and a multitude of challenges. This is true even in the context of education. This is basically the reason on the needs for global educators who can be significantly helpful in shaping the future by establishing a learning environment which can help to increase the competencies of the students and to make them more prepared in being successful professionals in the future. This premise serves as the foundation of this paper which seeks to identify the needs for global educators and how such can be achieved, including how technology can be exploited in pursuit of such challenge for improving quality education.
Fate of Conjugated and Free Estrogens in Swine Manure Collected from areas Housing Piglets, Pregnant Sows and Finisher Pigs
Authors: K. Singh Ashok
Published: April 2016

Occurrence and fate of estrogens and their metabolites were studied in pig manure collected during winter and summer seasons from sites housing piglets (Nursery (Nur)-manure), pregnant and nursing sows (PS manure) and finisher pigs (FPig manure). The liquid and solid fractions of manure were analyzed for (1) total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and total organic carbon (TOC), (2) E coli and M fujisawaense enumeration, (3) total and individual estrogens and (4) estrogenic activity.  This study showed that VS and OC values, E coli and M fujisawaense enumerations, estrogen concentrations and estrogenic activity exhibited the following pattern: Nur-manure << FPig-manure < PS-manure. The values for summer and winter Nur-manure did not differ significantly, while the values in summer PS-manure or FPig manure samples were significantly higher than values in corresponding winter samples. Although, estrogens distributed between liquid and solid fractions of manure, concentrations of free, but not conjugated, estrogens depended on manures’ TOC values: an increase in TOC associated with an increase in free estrogen concentrations in liquid manure. However, an increase in TOC decreased the bacterial population in manure liquid by increasing their translocation from liquid into the in solids and ensuing bacterial stabilization. This may increase estrogens’ deconjugation and/or degradation. Estrone (E1) sulfate (sE1), free E1 (fE1), E1 glucuronide (gE1) and E1 metabolites were major steroids present in Nur- and PS-manure, while fE2 and gE2 were predominant estrogens in FPig-manure. In total, the winter estrogen load in liquid was 5.1 mg/L and the load in solid was 4.93 mg/kg. Assuming that 2.3 x 108 kg of manure is produced in the USA per day, approximate hormone load will be 2.3 tons/day. However, manure contains microorganisms that hydrolyze estrogens, thus actual hormone load will be considerably lower.
Politicamente (in)correto: o humor de “Porta dos Fundos” como disparador de conversações políticas online
Authors: Menezes A. Guimarães Bruno , Lanna Martins Mafra Rennan
Published: April 2016

O artigo objetiva examinar a relação entre humor e conversações cotidianas (everyday political talks) na internet. De modo mais específico, propomos examinar o potencial político do vídeo “Quem”, do canal de humor “Porta dos Fundos”. A base teórica está fundamentada em autores que discutem noções de deliberação e controvérsias deliberativas que se abrem para a conversação informal online. A metodologia empregada envolve descrição objetiva e sistemática do vídeo seguida de análise do conteúdo de comentários a fim de entender em que medida a produção é capaz de disparar conversações nos contextos online. Como principais resultados, compreende-se que o conteúdo do vídeo é capaz de ampliar pontos de vista e de permitir a expressão de livres questões e temas publicamente relevantes, além de colaborar com o aprendizado democrático e com possibilidades de contestação e controvérsias públicas.
Role of Social Knowledge Networking technology in facilitating meaningful use of Electronic Health Record medication reconciliation
Authors: Rangachari Pavani
Published: April 2016

Despite the federal policy impetus towards Electronic Health Record (EHR) medication reconciliation, hospital adherence has lagged for one chief reason; low physician engagement, which in turn emanates from lack of consensus in regard to which physician is responsible for managing a patient’s medication list, and the importance of medication reconciliation as a tool for improving patient safety and quality of care. The Technology-in-Practice (TIP) framework stresses the role of human action in enacting structures of technology use or “technologies-in-practice”. Applying the TIP framework to the EHR medication reconciliation context, helps frame the problem as one of low physician engagement in performing EHR medication reconciliation, translating to limited-use-EHR-in-practice. Concurrently, the problem suggests a hierarchical network structure, reflecting limited communication among hospital administrators and clinical providers on the importance of EHR medication reconciliation in improving patient safety. Integrating the TIP literature with the more recent knowledge-in-Practice (KIP) literature suggests that EHR-in-practice could be transformed from “limited use” to “meaningful use” through the use of Social Knowledge Networking (SKN) technology to create new social network structures, and enable engagement, learning, and practice change. Correspondingly, the objectives of this paper are to: (1) Conduct a narrative review of the literature on “technology use”, to understand how technologies-in-practice may be transformed from limited use to meaningful use; (2) Conduct a narrative review of the literature on “organizational change implementation” to understand how changes in technology use could be successfully implemented and sustained in a healthcare organizational context; and (3) Apply lessons learned from the narrative literature reviews to identify strategies for the meaningful use and successful implementation of EHR medication reconciliation technology.
Cartoon Movement: colaboração, independência e diversidade
Authors: Gruszynski Ana Cláudia , De Oliveira Ariel Lara
Published: April 2016

O artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de dissertação de mestrado que identificou e analisou elementos que caracterizam o jornalismo em quadrinhos na web em suas dimensões editorial, institucional e comercial, a partir da experiência do site Cartoon Movement (CM). O foco incide em três aspectos identificados nas falas institucionais do CM: a produção colaborativa, a independência editorial e a diversidade de vozes. Por meio da análise descritiva e exploratória do site, conclui-se que este incorpora recursos tanto do jornalismo digital quando dos webcomics, constituindo-se como uma proposta nativa digital que, por meio da estrutura comercial adotada, viabiliza que o conteúdo editorial reflita os valores institucionais do CM.
Iconografia de uma despedida: o adeus a Nelson Mandela por meio da charge
Authors: Dos Santos Renata De Paula , Miani Rozinaldo Antonio
Published: April 2016

Este artigo analisa charges produzidas na África do Sul como homenagem póstuma a Nelson Mandela. Por meio da análise do discurso chárgico, aferimos a importância simbólica do líder popular para a política nacional. Tomamos como referência o conceito de charge como uma prática discursiva e com características políticas, defendido por Miani (2011). As reflexões sobre a historiografia sul-africana foram desenvolvidas a partir de Jonge (1991) e Marinovich e Silva (2003).
Líderes autonómicos y voto en las comunidades autónomas bipartidistas (2007-2011)
Authors: Sánchez-Ferrer Leonardo , Berzosa-Alonso Jorge
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de los candidatos en el voto de las elecciones autonómicas de 2007 y 2011 en una serie de comunidades autónomas encuadradas en el denominado modelo dominante de competición, caracterizado por el predominio absoluto de los partidos de ámbito estatal en todas las convocatorias electorales: Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Comunidad de Madrid, Comunidad Valenciana, Extremadura, La Rioja y Región de Murcia. La mayor parte de los estudios realizados en España destacan el fuerte peso que tienen en el comportamiento electoral la ideología o la identificación partidista, en tanto que la influencia de los candidatos autonómicos no ha sido analizada con detalle. Sin embargo, este estudio evidencia, a través de una serie de regresiones logísticas, que la aprobación de los líderes autonómicos sí constituye uno de los factores más determinantes en la decisión de voto.
Interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and undersown Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) depending on growth stage and plant density
Authors: Wanic Maria , Myśliwiec Monika , Jastrzębska Magdalena , Michalska Marzena
Published: April 2016

A pot experiment was conducted in the years 2010–2012. The competitive interactions between spring wheat and undersown Persian clover, depending on plant density have been established. The plants were grown in a mixture and in pure sowing at a higher density (according to the rules of proper agricultural practice) and at a density reduced by 20%. Based on measurements of dry matter in the aboveground parts and roots conducted at the wheat growth stages (BBCH) such as: leaf development (12–14), tillering (21–23), stem elongation (31–32), inflorescence emergence (54–56), and ripening (87–89), calculations of indicators such as: relative yield, relative yield total, competitive balance index and relative efficiency index, were performed. Competition between spring wheat and Persian clover continued from the wheat tillering stage until the end of vegetation. The strongest interactions were at the stem elongation stage (the plants competed for 95% of the growth factors), while at the end of vegetation the competition decreased slightly (it concerned 85% of the resources). The aboveground parts influenced one another with higher intensity than the roots. This was visible particularly well during the inflorescence emergence stage, during which the plants accumulated only 8% of the resources in the aboveground parts, while 89% was accumulated in the roots. Wheat proved to be the stronger competitor for the growth factors. It reduced by more than twice the increase in the biomass of Persian clover from tillering until the end of vegetation. In the mixture, the relative growth rate of the aboveground parts of clover was higher than in the case of wheat, while the growth rate of the roots was similar for both species. Plant density had no significant impact on the intensity of mutual interactions.
A Mobile Robotic System for the Inspection and Repair of SG Tubes in NPPs
Authors: Seo Yong-Chil , Jeong Kyungmin , Shin Hocheol , Choi YoungSoo , Lee Sung-Uk , Noh Sunyoung , Kim Tae Won , Cho Jai Wan
Published: April 2016

The reliability and performance of a steam generator (SG) is one of the serious concerns in the operation of pressurized water nuclear power plants. Because of high levels of radiation, robotic systems have been used to inspect and repair SG tubes. In this paper, we present a mobile robotic system that positions the inspection and repair tools while hanging down from the tube sheets where the tubes are fixed. All of the driving mechanisms of the mobile robot are actuated by electric motors to start its works, providing that the electric power is prepared without the additional need for an on-site air services. A special tube-holding mechanism with a high holding force has been developed to prevent falling from the tube sheets, even in the case of an electric power failure. We have also developed a quick installation guide device that guides the mobile robot to desired initial positions in the tube sheet exactly and quickly, which helps to reduce the radiation exposure of human workers during the installation work. This paper also provides on-site experimental results and lessons learned.
A new Oriental genus of bostrichid beetle (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Xyloperthini), a new synonym and a lectotype designation for Octodesmus episternalis (Lesne, 1901)
Authors: Liu Lan-Yu , Beaver Roger A. , Sanguansub Sunisa
Published: April 2016

A new genus and species of bostrichid beetle, Octomeristes gen. nov. and Octomeristes pusillus gen. et sp. nov., in the tribe Xyloperthini is described from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) wood in Thailand. The genus is compared to Octodesmus Lesne, 1901, the only other xyloperthine genus with eight-segmented antennae, and to the xyloperthine genera, Xylion Lesne, 1901, Xylionulus Lesne, 1901 and Xylobosca Lesne, 1901. A new combination, Octomeristes minutissimus (Lesne, 1932) comb. nov., is transferred from Octodesmus Lesne, 1901. A lectotype is designated for Octodesmus episternalis Lesne, 1901, the type species of Octodesmus. Octodesmus kamoli Chûjô, 1964 is designated a new synonym of Paraxylion bifer (Lesne, 1932). A key is provided to the species of Octodesmus and Octomeristes gen. nov.
Sequential phenotypic constraints on social information use in wild baboons
Authors: Carter Alecia J , Torrents Ticó Miquel , Cowlishaw Guy
Published: April 2016

Social information allows the rapid dissemination of novel information among individuals. However, an individual’s ability to use information is likely to be dependent on phenotypic constraints operating at three successive steps: acquisition, application, and exploitation. We tested this novel framework by quantifying the sequential process of social information use with experimental food patches in wild baboons (Papio ursinus). We identified phenotypic constraints at each step of the information use sequence: peripheral individuals in the proximity network were less likely to acquire and apply social information, while subordinate females were less likely to exploit it successfully. Social bonds and personality also played a limiting role along the sequence. As a result of these constraints, the average individual only acquired and exploited social information on <25% and <5% of occasions. Our study highlights the sequential nature of information use and the fundamental importance of phenotypic constraints on this sequence.
The information trail
Authors: Berman Carol
Published: April 2016

The ability of a wild baboon to acquire and exploit social information depends on its individual characteristics and its position within various social networks.
Enhanced light extraction in tunnel junction-enabled top emitting UV LEDs
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Allerman Andrew A. , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Akyol Fatih , Moseley Michael W. , Armstrong Andrew M. , Rajan Siddharth
Published: April 2016

The efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is critically limited by absorption losses in p-type and metal layers. In this work, surface-roughening-based light extraction structures were combined with tunneling-based top-layer contacts to achieve highly efficient top-side light extraction in UV LEDs. By using self-assembled Ni nanoclusters as an etch mask, the top surface-roughened LEDs were found to enhance the external quantum efficiency by over 40% for UV LEDs with a peak emission wavelength of 326 nm. The method described here can be used for fabricating highly efficient UV LEDs without the need for complex manufacturing techniques such as flip chip bonding.
Biases in grant proposal success rates, funding rates and award sizes affect the geographical distribution of funding for biomedical research
Authors: Wahls Wayne P.
Published: April 2016

The ability of the United States to most efficiently make breakthroughs on the biology, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases requires that physicians and scientists in each state have equal access to federal research grants and grant dollars. However, despite legislative and administrative efforts to ensure equal access, the majority of funding for biomedical research is concentrated in a minority of states. To gain insight into the causes of such disparity, funding metrics were examined for all NIH research project grants (RPGs) from 2004 to 2013. State-by-state differences in per application success rates, per investigator funding rates, and average award size each contributed significantly to vast disparities (greater than 100-fold range) in per capita RPG funding to individual states. To the extent tested, there was no significant association overall between scientific productivity and per capita funding, suggesting that the unbalanced allocation of funding is unrelated to the quality of scientists in each state. These findings reveal key sources of bias in, and new insight into the accuracy of, the funding process. They also support evidence-based recommendations for how the NIH could better utilize the scientific talent and capacity that is present throughout the United States.
Differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Rezki Samir , Campion Claire , Iacomi-Vasilescu Beatrice , Preveaux Anne , Toualbia Youness , Bonneau Sophie , Briand Martial , Laurent Emmanuelle , Hunault Gilles , Simoneau Philippe , Jacques Marie-Agnès , Barret Matthieu
Published: April 2016

Seeds are involved in the vertical transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently act as reservoirs for the plant microbiota. However, little is known about the structure of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the regulators of assemblage structure. In this work, we have assessed the response of seed-associated microbial assemblages ofRaphanus sativusto invading phytopathogenic agents, the bacterial strainXanthomonas campestrispv.campestris(Xcc) 8004 and the fungal strainAlternaria brassicicolaAbra43. According to the indicators of bacterial (16S rRNA gene andgyrBsequences) and fungal (ITS1) diversity employed in this study, seed transmission of the bacterial strainXcc8004 did not change the overall composition of resident microbial assemblages. In contrast seed transmission of Abra43 strongly modified the richness and structure of fungal assemblages without affecting bacterial assemblages. The sensitivity of seed-associated fungal assemblage to Abra43 is mostly related to changes in relative abundance of closely related fungal species that belong to theAlternariagenus. Variation in stability of the seed microbiota in response toXccand Abra43 invasions could be explained by differences in seed transmission pathways employed by these micro-organisms, which ultimately results in divergence in spatio-temporal colonization of the seed habitat.
Influence of atmospheric waves on the formation and the maintenance of the subtropical jet during the Northern Hemisphere winter—A new method for analyzing the responses to specific forcings
Authors: Kuroda Yuhji
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces a new analysis method that can isolate the responses to specific forcings within meteorological data. By using the zonal mean primitive equations on the sphere, it is possible to break down the meridional circulation, the acceleration of zonal wind, temperature change, and surface pressure change into their individual contributions, which are directly associated with various forcings. This analysis technique can be applied to a wide range of problems relating to climate and its variability. To demonstrate the application of the technique, the formation and maintenance of the subtropical jet during the Northern Hemisphere winter are examined. It is found that atmospheric waves play a crucial role in both the climatological maintenance and the day‐to‐day (and month‐to‐month) variabilities of the jet. While stationary waves are the dominant catalyst for maintaining the jet in its climatological state, synoptic waves play an important role in generating the month‐to‐month variability of the jet.
Large‐scale ocean circulation‐cloud interactions reduce the pace of transient climate change
Authors: Trossman D. S. , Palter J. B. , Merlis T. M. , Huang Y. , Xia Y.
Published: April 2016

Changes to the large‐scale oceanic circulation are thought to slow the pace of transient climate change due, in part, to their influence on radiative feedbacks. Here we evaluate the interactions between CO2‐forced perturbations to the large‐scale ocean circulation and the radiative cloud feedback in a climate model. Both the change of the ocean circulation and the radiative cloud feedback strongly influence the magnitude and spatial pattern of surface and ocean warming. Changes in the ocean circulation reduce the amount of transient global warming caused by the radiative cloud feedback by helping to maintain low cloud coverage in the face of global warming. The radiative cloud feedback is key in affecting atmospheric meridional heat transport changes and is the dominant radiative feedback mechanism that responds to ocean circulation change. Uncertainty in the simulated ocean circulation changes due to CO2 forcing may contribute a large share of the spread in the radiative cloud feedback among climate models.
Tectonic evolution of a Laramide transverse structural zone: Sweetwater Arch, south central Wyoming
Authors: Weil Arlo Brandon , Yonkee Adolph , Schultz Mary
Published: April 2016

Structural, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), and paleomagnetic data record patterns of layer‐parallel shortening (LPS), vertical‐axis rotation, and regional fault‐fold evolution across the Sweetwater Arch, a major west to WNW trending, basement‐cored Laramide uplift in Wyoming. The southern arch flank is bounded by a WNW striking reverse fault zone that imbricated basement and cover rocks, the northern flank is bounded by a west striking fault zone with a component of strike‐slip and NW trending en echelon folds, and the eastern plunge transitions into an area of multiple‐trending faults and folds. Synorogenic strata record major arch uplift from Maastrichtian to Early Eocene time, followed by arch collapse. LPS, with development of systematic minor fault sets and AMS lineations, preceded large‐scale folding. LPS directions, estimated from both minor fault and AMS data, were oriented WSW along the northern flank, subparallel to Laramide regional shortening, but were refracted to the SSW along the southern flank, and to the west along the eastern arch plunge. Additional minor faults developed along steep fold limbs during continued shortening, with directions remaining SSW along the southern flank but becoming more variable along the eastern plunge where an increasingly heterogeneous stress field developed as additional faults were activated along basement heterogeneities. Vertical‐axis rotation was limited along the arch flanks, whereas the eastern plunge underwent counterclockwise rotation. Deflections in shortening directions were partly related to basement heterogeneities, including weak supracrustal belts on the arch flanks, a strong granitic core, and local reactivation of Precambrian shear zones.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF THE PERBROMATE ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: APPELMAN E. H. , KLAENING U. K. , THOMPSON R. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen des BrOZ‐Ions mit einer Reihe von Z‐äquivalenten Reduktionsmitteln wird in wäßriger Lösung bei einer Ionenstärke von 1 untersucht (kinetische und Sauerstofftracerunte suchungen).
ChemInform Abstract: THE 147‐NM PHOTOLYSIS OF MONOSILANE
Authors: PERKINS G. G. A. , AUSTIN E. R. , LAMPE F. W.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse von SiH4 bei 147 nm führt zur Bildung von H2, Si2H6, Si3H8 sowie einem festen H‐haltigen Si‐Film.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE COMPOUND GERMANIUM BISMUTH SULFIDE (GE3BI2S6)
Authors: JURICEK V. , FRUMAR M.
Published: April 2016

Nach Odin et al. wird im System GeS‐Bi2S3 die bei 655°C kongruent schmelzende Verbindung Ge3Bi2S6 gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOCHROMIC AND HYPERCHROMIC EFFECTS IN RHODAMINE B SOLUTIONS
Authors: ROSENTHAL I. , PERETZ P. , MUSZKAT K. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Gleichgewicht zwischen dem gefärbten Zwitterion (I) und der farblosen Lacton‐Form (II) der Titelverbindung hängt stark vom Lösungsmittel, der Temperatur und der Konzentration ab.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM AND STRUCTURE OF CHLOROMETHYL CYCLOPROPANE
Authors: MOHAMMADI M. A. , BROOKS W. V. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Spektrallinien lassen sich der gauche‐Form der Titelverbindung zuordnen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF LARGE CHELATE RINGS FROM NNN
Authors: CONSTABLE A. , MCDONALD W. S. , SHAW B. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von Dichloro‐bis‐[benzonitril]‐Pd mit den entsprechenden Diaminen führt zu den Zweikernkomplexen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VAPOR PRESSURE, ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION AND SURFACE TENSION OF APROTIC SOLVENTS
Authors: MAYER U.
Published: April 2016

Es werden Gleichungen angegeben, mit de nen sich bei gegebener Temp. aus dem Dampfdruck die Verdampfungsenthalpie‐od umgekehrt ‐ bzw. die Oberflächenspannung berechnen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND STRUCTURE AND COMPLEXATION. XLIV. SYNTHESIS AND SELECTIVITY OF NEW FOUR‐ARMED NONCYCLIC NEUTRAL LIGANDS
Authors: VOEGTLE F. , MUELLER W. M. , BUHLEIER E. , WEHNER W.
Published: April 2016

Neue nichtcyclische "tetrapodische" Neutralligandsysteme (III), (VI), (IX) und (X) mit verschiedenen Endgruppen werde synthetisiert [(III) aus den Komponenten (I) und (II), (VI) aus den Komponenten 20 (IV) + (V); (IX) aus den Komponenten (VII) + (VIII); (X) wird analog (IX) gewonnen].
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND STABILITY OF CARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES. PART 18. STABILITY CONSTANTS OF THE COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF SOME THIODIALKANOATES
Authors: ROSSOTTI F. J. C. , WHEWELL R. J.
Published: April 2016

Potentiometrische Bestimmung der Protonierungs‐ und Stabilitätskonstanten mit den Liganden 2,2′‐Thiodiessigsäure, 3,3′‐Thiodipropansäure und 4,47‐Thiodibuttersäure.
ChemInform Abstract: DIHYDROBORATION‐CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE OXIDATION OF GEM‐ AND VIC‐DIORGANOBORANES
Authors: RAO V. V. R. , AGARWAL S. K. , MEHROTRA I. , DEVAPRABHAKARA D.
Published: April 2016

Chromium Trioxide Oxidation of gem‐ 3nd vic‐Diorganoboranes.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS BY TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES. SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE BY MIXED‐CATALYSTS CONTAINING RHODIUM(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: NOELS A. F. , HUBERT A. J. , TEYSSIE P.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation von Cyclohexen (I) mit Sauerstoff in Gegenwart von Gemischen aus Rhodiu (lhcarboxylaten (III) und Epoxidations‐Katalysatoren (IV)‐(VIII) wird untersuch Es zeigt sich, daß (II) das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion ist und in Ausbeuten bis zu 70% erhalten werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON REACTION MECHANISM BY ISOTOPIC LABELING, IV. MECHANISM OF PHENOL METHYLATION WITH BETAINE
Authors: KOLLENZ G. , MAITZ W.
Published: April 2016

Bei der O‐Methylierung von Phenolen (Phenol, 4‐Phenyl‐phenol und 2,6‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenol) mit [2‐14C]‐Betain (Erhitzen des Gemischs mit CaO auf 220°C ; Ausb. 52‐80%) geht praktisch die gesamte Radioaktivität in die als Beiprodukt entstehende Phenoxyessig Säure, so daß als Methylierungsmechanismus nur ein Methylgruppen‐Transfer aus der Trimethylammoniogruppe des Betains in Frage kommt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF HETEROCYCLIC RADICALS. PART XV. APROTIC DECOMPOSITION OF 6‐AMINO‐2‐ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLE IN AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC SUBSTRATES: PREPARATION OF 6‐MESITYL‐ AND 6‐FURYL‐2‐ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLES, CORRESPONDING QUATERNARY SALTS AND SPIROPYRANS
Authors: VERNIN G. , KISTER J. , METZGER J.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung des Aminobenzthiazols (I) mit Isopentylnitrit (III) in Gegenwart der Substrate (II) bzw. (V) entstehen über primär gebildete Radikale die ö‐substituierten Benzthiazole (IVa) und (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 4E‐CHLOROADAMANTYLIDENEADAMANTANE BY MEANS OF THE REACTION OF PHENYLSULFENYL CHLORIDE WITH ADAMANTYLIDENEADAMANTANE
Authors: BOLSTER J. , KELLOGG R. M. , MEIJER E. W. , WYNBERG H.
Published: April 2016

Adaman‐ tyliden‐adamantan (I) reagiert mit Phenylsulfenylchlorid über diskutierte Zwischenstufen definiert zum 4e‐Chlorderivat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STERICALLY HINDERED OLEFINS. PART 4. REARRANGEMENT OF STRONGLY STERICALLY HINDERED Δ3‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLINES. SYNTHESIS OF DI‐TERT‐BUTYLMETHYLENEADAMANTANE
Authors: CORDT F. , FRANK R. M. , LENOIR D.
Published: April 2016

Ditert‐butyl‐diazomethan (II) reagiert mit Thioadamantanon (I) zu einem Addukt (III), aus dem thermisch die beiden ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffe (IV) und (V) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES WITH HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: AL‐FARKH Y. A. , AL‐HAJJAR F. H. , AL‐SHAMALI F. S. , HAMOUD H. S.
Published: April 2016

Michaelsysteme (I) liefern in Gegenwart von Piperidin die Enhydrazine (III) Dagegen erhält man in Essigsäure die Hydrazone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND PROPERTIES OF THE 2‐THIENYLCYCLOPROPENIUM IONS
Authors: MARTELLI G. , SPAGNOLO P. , TESTAFERRI L. , TIECCO M.
Published: April 2016

In bekannter Weise werden die Cyclopropenium‐perchlorate (I) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINONE‐AMINE REACTIONS. 2. REACTION OF 2‐METHYL‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE WITH 3‐AMINOPHENOL
Authors: KALLMEYER H.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von (I) mit (II) werden die Verbindunge (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF β‐LACTAMS BY THE CYCLIZATION OF β‐HALOPROPIONAMIDES
Authors: WASSERMAN H. H. , HLASTA D. J. , TREMPER A. W. , WU J. S.
Published: April 2016

β‐Halogen‐propionamide (I) werden durch NaH zu den β‐Lactamen (II) cyclisiert und zu den Acrylamiden (III) dehydrohalogeniert.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON QUINONES, V. 1,4‐CARBAZOLQUINONES FROM P‐BENZOQUINONE AND PRIMARY ALIPHATIC AMINES. THE ALLEGED AND THE REAL 2‐METHYLAMINOBENZOQUINONE
Authors: OTT R. , PINTER E. , KAJTNA P.
Published: April 2016

Das Benzochinon (I) reagiert mit den Aminen (II) zu den Carbazolchinonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC GUANIDINES. I. SYNTHESIS OF HYPOGLYCEMIC 1‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐IMINO‐1,3‐DIAZACYCLOALKANES
Authors: ISHIKAWA F. , KOSASAYAMA A. , NAKAMURA S. , KONNO T.
Published: April 2016

Aus Bromcyan (II) und dem Diamin (III) erhält man in Benzol das cyclische Guanidin (I), in Methanol und Na‐methylat den Iminoester (IV), mit NaOH den Harnstoff (V); dieser kann auch aus dem Diamin (III) nach Umsetzung mit HNCO über den Harnstoff (VI), aus dem Guanidin (I) mit HNCO oder durch Hydrolyse des Esters (IV) dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES BY MICHAEL REACTIONS, 2. SYNTHESIS OF 4‐ARYL‐5,6‐DIHYDROBENZO(H)QUINOLINES
Authors: OTTO H.‐H. , RINUS O. , SCHMELZ H.
Published: April 2016

Die Additionsreaktion von Malonsäuredinitril (II) an die Tetralone (I) in Gegenwart der Alkohole (III) liefert die Titelverbindungen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF Δ1‐PYRROLINES WITH ACTIVATED ALKYNES
Authors: DANNHARDT G. , OBERGRUSBERGER R.
Published: April 2016

Der Acetylendicarbonsäureester (I) reagiert mit den Pyrrolinen (II) zu den Tetrahydroindolizinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: TRIMETHYLSILYL DERIVATIVES FOR THE STUDY OF SILICATE STRUCTURES. PART 6. IDENTIFICATION OF FLUOROSILICATE IONS FROM A LEAD(II) OXIDE‐LEAD(II) FLUORIDE‐SILICON(IV) OXIDE (3/1/1) GLASS
Authors: CALHOUN H. P. , JAMIESON W. D. , MASSON C. R.
Published: April 2016

Eine direkte Methode der Trimethylsilylierung, die bereits früher entwickelt wurde, fand bei einem Glas der Zusammensetzung 3PbO‐PbF,‐S‐iO2 l?l Anwendung.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS DURING DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF ALKYLCHLOROSILANES. III. METHYLATION OF TRICHLOROSILANE
Authors: LOBUSEVICH N. P. , ENDOVIN YU. P.
Published: April 2016

Die Methylierung des Trichlorsilans (I) an einem Si/Cu‐Kontakt (5% Cu, 0,005% Sb) mit Methylchlorid (II) erfolgt nicht nur an der Si‐H‐Bindung (Bildung von (III)), sondern auch an der Si‐C1‐Bindung (Bildung von (IV)).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH THE COMPOUNDS R3M‐HG‐MR3. PART XVII. N‐SILYL AND N‐GERMYLPYRIDINYL RADICALS AND THEIR STABILIZATION REACTIONS
Authors: NEUMANN W. P. , REUTER K.
Published: April 2016

In 2‐, 3‐ oder 4‐Stellung funktionell substituierte Pyridine wie z.B. (I) oder (VI) geben mit der Silylquecksilberverbindung (II) N‐Silylpyridinyle wie (III) oder (VII), die je nach Mesomeriestabilisierung und sterischer Hinderung meistens zu Nw‐Bis‐silyl‐Derivaten wie (IV) und (V) oder zu Tetrahydro‐4,4′‐ bzw. ‐2,2′‐bipyridinen wie (VIII) weiterreagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORODIAZADIPHOSPHETIDINES, VI: THE REACTION OF 2,2,2,4,4,4‐HEXAFLUORO‐1,3‐DIMETHYL‐1,3,2Λ5,4Λ5‐DIAZADIPHOSPHETID# INE WITH HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
Authors: MEINDL W. , UTVARY K.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit HF führt zur Bildung der doppelt zwitterionischen Verbindung (II) und ihres Folgeproduktes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, AND BARIUM COMPLEXES OF PYRIDYL‐CONTAINING MACROCYCLIC SCHIFF BASES
Authors: COOK D. H. , FENTON D. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion der Pyridinderivate (III) mit den Diaminen (II) bzw. (IV) in EtOH lieferte ebenso wie die Umsetzung mit dem Tetramin (VI) in Gegenwart von Erdalkalimctallisothiocyanaten oder ‐perchloraten die makrocyclischen Komplexe ‐ (I) bzw. (V) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: INTERCALATION OF ALKANOLS AND GLYCOLS INTO ZIRCONIUM(IV) HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE
Authors: COSTANTINO U.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Salzformen des Austauschers (ZrNaH(PO4)2 · 5 H2O oder ZrLiH(PO4)2 · 4 H2O) mit protonierten Alkoholen oder Glykolen (Ethylen‐ und Propylenglykol) werden die Alkohole und Glykole in die Schichtstruktur von Zr(HPO4)2 · H2O eingelagert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOLEAD CHEMISTRY. PART 5. REACTIONS OF BIS(η‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)LEAD(II) WITH METAL HALIDES AND WITH UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: HOLLIDAY A. K. , MAKIN P. H. , PUDDEPHATT R. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) fungiert als eine Lewisbase und bildet mit BF3 einen thermisch stabilen Komplex, dem aufgrund physikalischer Eigenschaften und IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopischer Daten die polymere Struktur (II) zuerkannt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME CHEMISTRY OF ETHYLTETRAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLCOBALT: ARENE, ETHYLENE, BUTADIENE, AMMINE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINE, AND CHLORO DERIVATIVES
Authors: GREEN M. L. H. , PARDY R. B. A.
Published: April 2016

Tri‐n‐butylethyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl‐Sn (I) reagiert mit Co(II)‐chlorid und bildet nach Behandlung mit gasförmigem Chlor die beiden in einander umwandelbaren Co‐Produkte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANO COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM DERIVED FROM METHYL VINYL KETONE AND BIS(CYCLOOCTA‐1,5‐DIENE)PLATINUM; X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (1,3‐DIACETYLBUTANE‐1,4‐DIYL)BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM
Authors: GREEN M. , HOWARD J. A. K. , MITRPRACHACHON P. , PFEFFER M. , SPENCER J. L. , STONE F. G. A. , WOODWARD P.
Published: April 2016

Abhängig vom stöchiometrischen Verhältnis reagiert Bis‐[cyclooctadien]‐Pt(O) (III) mit Methyl‐vinylketon (II) zu dem vollständig‐ (I) oder partiell‐substituierten Derivat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. XXVII. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ AND 8‐CYANOADENOSINES AND D THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: MATSUDA M. , NOMOTO Y. , UEDA T.
Published: April 2016

Über die Oxidation des Methylthiorestes in den Adenosinen (I) zu den Sulfonen (II) werden die Nitrile (III) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECT METHOD FOR THE ALKYLATION OF ADENOSINE NUCLEOSIDES AT POSITION 8
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , HEDGECOCK C. J. R. , LEDERER E. , MOTHERWELL W. B.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Adenosin (Ia) erhält man mit Butyllithium und Methyliodid das Substitutionsprodukt (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: EXTRACTION OF SCANDIUM WITH TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE FROM MINERAL ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: REZNIK A. M. , SEMENOV S. A. , YURCHENKO L. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Verteilung von Sc zwischen TBP und wäßrigen HNO3‐, H2SO4‐, HClO4‐ bzw. HCl‐Lösungen bei verschiedenen Sc‐ und Säurekonzentrationen wird bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF PRECIPITATING NICKEL(II) HYDROXIDE WITH SILICA SURFACES BY RUTHERFORD BACK SCATTERING (RBS)
Authors: DE ROOS G. , FLUIT J. M. , HERMANS L. A. M. , GEUS J. W.
Published: April 2016

Die Wechselwirkung von gefälltem Ni‐hydroxid mit SiO2‐Oberflächen wird durch Kombination von Rutherford‐Streuung und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, AND ESCA CHARACTERIZATION OF OXYGEN‐SENSITIVE MANGANESE SURFACE COMPOUNDS AND DISPERSIONS ON SILICAGEL
Authors: HORVATH B. , STRUTZ J. , MOESELER R. , HORVATH E. G.
Published: April 2016

Sauerstoffempfindliches MnO, MnO/siOg‐Dispersionen sowie "ein"‐ und "zweibeinig" an Silicagel gebundene Mn(II)‐ Oberflächenverbindungen werden systematisch dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF “THIAZYLFLUORIDE”: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (CO(NSF)6)2+
Authors: BUSS B. , JONES P. G. , MEWS R. , NOLTEMEYER M. , SHELDRICK G. M.
Published: April 2016

Die bei Raumtemp. wenig beständige einfachste Stickstoff‐Schwefel‐ F1uor‐Verbindung (I) läßt sich durch Einbau als Ligand in Übergangsmetallkomplexe (II) stabilisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES ON SOLVENT‐N‐PARAFFIN SYSTEMS. X. USE OF THE BARKER LATTICE MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC EXCESS PROPERTIES IN KETONE‐N‐ALKANE SYSTEMS
Authors: SUEHNEL K. , MESSOW U. , SALOMON M.
Published: April 2016

Die Exzeßeigenschaften GE und HE der Propanon/n‐Alkan‐Systeme werden bis zu n‐Hexadecan mit der Barker‐Theorie gut wiedergegeben und für den Temp.‐Bereich ‐50 bis + 80°C bis zu Mischungen mit n‐Eicosan mit einem Fehler von maximal 8% vorausberechnet.
ChemInform Abstract: SN‐REACTIONS IN STRATUM SILICATES
Authors: GOSSELCK J. , STAHL I.
Published: April 2016

Das Bentonit (I), in dem das Na von Na‐Bentonit ‐ einem Schichtsilicat vom Montmorillonit‐Typ ‐ definiert gegen das S‐Benzylthiophenium‐Ion eingetauscht ist, setzt sich mit verschiedenen Alkanolen (II) unter Bildung der Benzylether (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRATION OF FULLY METHYLATED ACYLBENZENES AND 1,3‐DIACYLBENZENES BEARING BULKY ACYL GROUPS. SIDE‐CHAIN ATTACK OCCURRING EXCLUSIVELY ON THE METHYL GROUP AT THE MOST HINDERED SITE
Authors: SUZUKI H. , HASHIHAMA M. , MISHINA T. , HANAFUSA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Monoacylpentamethylbenzole (I) werden mit überschüssiger Nitriersäure (d = 1,5) bei Raumtemperatur unter Substitution an der sterisch gehinderten Methylgruppe in die Salpetersäureester (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECTING EFFECT OF NEIGHBORING AROMA
Authors: POSNER G. H. , LENTZ C. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Cycloalkanone (I) bilden mit Li‐diisopropylamid in THF die entsprechenden Enolate, die mit Trimethylsilylchlorid die Silylether (II) und (III) bilden, wobei eine Arylsubstitution wie z.B. in (Ia) und (Ib) die Bildung von (III) gemäß ihrer Elektronendonator‐Fähigkeit begünstigt (Produktverhältnis l :l.17‐1:7.4).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRUVAMIDES. 3. INVOLVEMENT OF THE AMIDE GROUP IN CARBINOLAMINE FORMATION, GEM‐DIAMINE FORMATION, AND TRANSIMINATION
Authors: LOPATIN W. , YOUNG P. R. JUN. , OWEN T. C.
Published: April 2016

Die kinetische Untersuchung der Carbinolbildung aus den Säureaniliden (I) und Semicarbazid bei pH 7 führt zu einer Reaktionskonstante von p = 0.28.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1‐OLEFINS BY THE PALLADIUM CATALYZED HYDROGENOLYSIS OF ALLYLIC ACETATES AND ALLYLIC PHENYL ETHERS WITH AMMONIUM FORMATE
Authors: TSUJI J. , YAMAKAWA T.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Palladiumsalzen in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphin erhält man aus den Allylverbindungen (I) oder auch (IV) die Diene (II), und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOHALOBORANE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. III. SPECIFIC ORTHO FORMYLATION OF SECONDARY ANILINES
Authors: SUGASAWA T. , HAMANA H. , TOYODA T. , ADACHI M.
Published: April 2016

Sekundäre Aniline (I) können in Form der Anilino‐dichlorborane (II) mit Isonitrilen (III) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin zu den Verbindungen (IV) umgesetzt werden, aus denen nach saurer Hydrolyse 2‐Alkylamino‐benzaldehyde (V) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS. 60. IMPROVED ONE‐STEP CONVERSION OF ALDEHYDES INTO NITRILES WITH HYDROXYLAMINE IN FORMIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: OLAH G. A. , KEUMI T.
Published: April 2016

Aliphatische und aromatische Aldehyde (I) werden beim Erhitzen mit Hydroxylamin‐hydrochlo‐ rid in 95 ‐ 98% Ameisensäure in max.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON KETENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. XCII. REACTION OF DIKETENE WITH BENZALDEHYDE, CINNAMALDEHYDE, AND β‐PHENYLCINNAMALDEHYDE
Authors: KATO T. , CHIBA T. , SATO M.
Published: April 2016

Diketen (I) und Benzaldehyd (II) reagieren in Gegenwart von H2SO4 zur Benzylidenacetessigsäure (III), die mit Diazomethan zum Methylester (V) umgesetzt werden kann oder zum Benzyliden‐ aceton (VI) decarboxyliert; mit dem Zimtaldehyd (VII) erhält man die Acetylpentadiensäure (VIII), deren Decarboxylierung zum Hexadienon (IX) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 9‐(1‐ALKYNYL)‐9‐BORABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANES WITH ISOCYANATES
Authors: MOLANDER G. A. , BROWN H. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von 9‐(1‐Alkinyl)‐9‐borabicyclononan (I) mit zwei Äquivalenten Isocyanat (II) führt zu Acylharnstoffen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: POLYMER SUPPORTED REAGENTS. SYNTHESIS OF N,N′‐DIALKYLUREAS, N‐ALKYLURETHANES, AND THIOCYANATES FROM ALKYL HALIDES UNDER MILD CONDITIONS
Authors: CAINELLI G. , MANESCALCHI F. , PANUNZIO M.
Published: April 2016

Anionenaustauscher mit quartären Ammoniumgruppen werden aus der Chlorid‐Form mit Kaliumcyanat oder ‐thiocyanat in die Cyanat‐ bzw. Thiocyanat‐Form übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYFUNCTIONAL REACTION OF NITROSULFOLENES
Authors: BERESTOVITSKAYA V. M. , SPERANSKII E. M. , PEREKALIN V. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Nitrosulfolene (II) reagieren mit Aminen wie Morpholin (analog auch mit Anilin), ebenso mit Alkoholen, unter Addition ′an die Doppelbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ISOTRYPTAMINES AND TETRAHYDRO‐Γ‐CARBOLINES FROM INDOLYL‐2‐ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: TROFIMOV F. A. , GARNOVA V. I. , GRINEV A. N. , TSYSHKOVA N. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Indolylessigsäureester (I) werden über die Amide (III) in Isotryptamine (IV) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE‐STAGE SYNTHESIS OF 9‐VINYLCARBAZOLES BY THE VINYLATION OF CARBAZOLES BY VINYL ETHERS
Authors: FILIMONOV V. D. , SIROTKINA E. E. , TSEKHANOVSKAYA N. A.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von Hg‐trifluoracetat lassen sich die Carbazole (I) mit Vinylalkylethern glatt vinylieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ETHANOANTHRACENES. PART III. ATTEMPTS TO SIMPLIFY THE SYNTHESIS OF 9,12‐METHANIMINOMETHANE‐9,10‐ETHANE‐9,10‐DIHYDROANTHRACENE
Authors: HAHN W. E. , SZALECKI W. , BOSZCZYK W.
Published: April 2016

Der Versuch, durch thermische Zersetzung des 9‐Aminoanthracens (Ia) die Titelverbindung (II) darzustellen, scheiterte.