bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital ruble and money issue
Authors: KOLYADA Nikolai I. , SHIPULINA Irina A.
Published: December 2024

Subject. The article addresses the history and causes of emergence of digital currencies in developed and developing countries, considers various aspects of digital currencies’ use.
Objectives. The study aims to investigate the impact of digital ruble on the policy of the Central Bank and the Russian economy, calculate the effect of the digital ruble issue on the actual change in the money supply.
Methods. The study draws on the theoretical analysis of current scientific publications, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, our own methodology for calculating the change in the money supply during the issue of the digital ruble.
Results. We offered our own methodology for calculating the change in money supply, taking into account the impact of the digital ruble issue. The paper considers the influence of digital emission on the Russian economy and the policy of the Central Bank.
Conclusions. The findings enable to conclude on the growth of the Central Bank's power, possibility of increasing the country's financial independence, tightening control over fiscal policy, strengthening the interdependence of fiscal and monetary policies. The issue of the digital ruble can lead to a decrease in the growth of money supply or even to its reduction, which reduces economic growth rate. To offset negative effects of external impact and market behavior, we propose to adjust the financial policy.
The IMF's antirecession policy in Europe: Evidence from Greece and Cyprus
Authors: BAKHTIN Anton K.
Published: December 2024

Subject. This article analyzes the anti-recessionary policy of the International Monetary Fund in a number of European countries and measures to prevent the aggravation of crises in Greece and Cyprus.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the measures developed and proposed by the IMF to overcome the crisis in Greece and Cyprus.
Methods. For the study, I used deduction and induction, as well as econometric least squares modeling.
Results. The article identifies the main causes of instability in Greece and Cyprus and describes the measures proposed by the IMF to address the consequences of these crisis situations.
Relevance. The results obtained develop the theory of international borrowing and can be used in the development of a strategy for cooperation between the State and the IMF.
Linear growth and neurobehavioural outcome in preterm neonates (
Authors: Al-Mendalawi Mahmood
Published: December 2024

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Effect of Different Storage Periods and Medium on Germination and Seedling Parameters of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Bozoğlu Hatice , Aybey Zeynep
Published: December 2024

Germination is the first stage of a plant’s life. The seeds of grain legumes are used both as food and as seedlings. The vitality of the seeds is crucial for both uses. This study was conducted to determine the effect of storing seeds of the Lara variety of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), harvested in 2023, in different periods (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) and different storage medium (paper bag, plastic bag, glass jar and plastic bottle) on their biological value. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. Germination was done in 2 different materials (sand and paper) in room conditions. Germination speed, germination power, length of plumula and radicle, dry matter of them, seedling vigour index, allometric coefficient, germination energy were observed. On the 4th day, which is considered in determining the germination rate for faba beans, no germination value was determined in any process. Germination power values varied between 72.7% and 97.3%. The highest germination value was obtained from seeds stored for 8 and 10 months. The highest value was recorded in plumula and root length values in 12 and 8-month-old stored seeds, respectively. It was determined that storage medium did not have a single effect on the observed measurements for these experiments. However, statistical differences between storage period and storage material interactions were found to be significant. The statistical differences between storage period and storage material interactions were found to be significant. As a result, it was concluded that the germination rate of the faba bean was early on the 4th day, the counting day, and this value should be studied. It has been concluded that the loss of germination power is very low in about 1 year of storage of faba bean, which have strong germination ability.
Farklı Sulama Uygulamaları ile Farklı Ekim Yöntemlerinin Çeltikte Verim, Büyüme Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: Akay Hasan , Öztürk Ay Elif , Arslan Hakan , Sezer İsmail , Kiremit Mehmet Sait
Published: December 2024

Çeltik, dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlası için temel gıda kaynağı olan en önemli tahıl ürünlerinden biridir. Artan dünya nüfusunu sürdürülebilir bir şekilde besleyebilmek adına, tarımsal sulama yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve su kaynaklarının verimli kullanımı üzerine çalışmaların yoğunlaşması gerekliliği giderek artmaktadır. Çeltik bitkisinin sulanan tarım alanlarının %34-43'ünü kullandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Küresel ölçekte su kaynakları hızla azalmaktadır ve çeltik üretiminde ihtiyaç duyulan toplam sulama suyu miktarı; kullanılan çeltik çeşidi, toprağın özellikleri ve ekim yöntemleri gibi çeşitli faktörlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Tesadüf Blokları deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmada 2 çeltik çeşidi, 2 farklı sulama yöntemi (Geleneksel ve Alternatif tava ıslatma kurutma) ve 3 farklı ekim yöntemi (Sulu, Kuruya ve Fideleme) seçilmiş ve araştırma üç tekrarlamalı olmak üzere 36 lizimetrede yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çeltikle ilgili bitki boyu, ana sap kalınlığı, salkım uzunluğu, metrekaredeki bitki sayısı, tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, kırıklı randıman ve kırıksız randıman gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler üzerine araştırma konularının istatistiksel olarak etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tane verimi açısından su uygulamasında geleneksel sulama ile alternatif ıslatma kurutma sulama yöntemi arasında %25 oranında tane verimin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ekim yöntemleri açısından ise, sulu ekim, kuru ekim ve fideleme yöntemleri birbirini takip etmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda en yüksek tane veriminin suya ekim yönteminde ve geleneksel sulama ile elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Farklı Gelişme Tabiatlı Arpa Çeşitlerinin Vernalizasyon Sürelerine Tepkisi
Authors: Erdem Mazlum , Sönmez Fahri , Yılmaz Nurselin , Saygılı İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Vernalizasyon bazı bitkilerin erken gelişme dönemlerindeki düşük sıcaklık ihtiyacıdır. Bu bitkilerin vejetatif dönemden generatif döneme geçiş yapabilmesi için belli bir süre düşük sıcaklıkta kalmaları gerekir. Bu çalışma bazı arpa çeşitlerinin vernalizasyon uygulamalarına tepkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Dört kışlık, iki alternatif ve iki yazlık arpa çeşidinin kullanıldığı bu araştırma tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür. Arpa çeşitlerinin çimlenmiş tohumları torf içeren küçük kaplarda 0, 4, 5 ve 6 hafta süreyle 2°C’de vernalizasyon uygulaması için bekletilmiştir. Gelişen fideler saksıya aktarılmış ve serada 22 saat ışık/2 saat karanlıkta 22°C sabit sıcaklıkta yetiştirilmiştir. Bitkilerde sapa kalkma süresi, başaklanma süresi, olgunlaşma süresi, fertil kardeş sayısı, başakta tane sayısı ve bin tane ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Vernalizasyon uygulamalarının incelenen bütün karakterlere etkisi çeşitlere göre önemli derecede değişmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan kışlık çeşitler Sladoran, Alba, Dicktoo ve Aydanhanım vernalizasyon ihtiyacı karşılanmadan başaklanamamışlardır. Bu çeşitlerde başaklanma süresi göz önüne alındığında dört haftalık vernalizasyon uygulamasının yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dört haftalık vernalizasyon, alternatif çeşitler Tokak 157/37’de 9 gün, Kearney’de ise 40 gün daha erken başaklanma sağlamıştır. Yazlık çeşitlerde vernalizasyon uygulaması belirgin bir değişikliğe neden olmamıştır. Vernalizasyon uygulaması süresince geçen süre de göz önüne alındığında bütün kışlık çeşitler için dört haftalık vernalizasyon süresi en uygun süre olarak görülmektedir. Alternatif çeşitler için vernalizasyon uygulaması ise genotipe bağlı değişken olduğundan dolayı, bu çeşitlerin ıslah programlarında kullanımı durumunda mutlaka vernalizasyon sürelerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.
Üstün Özellikli Basma Tipi Tütün Hatlarının Agronomik Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Karakoç Erdem , Kınay Ahmet , Cingöz Hacı Duran
Published: December 2024

Basma tipi tütünler sigara harmanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma Tokat-Kazova şartlarında Türkiye Tohum Gen Bankasından (TGB) alınan üstün özellikli bazı basma tipi tütün hatlarının performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla iki yıl (2021 ve 2022) süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 10 basma tipi tütün hattı (TGB46668, TGB46673, TGB46674, TGB46675, TGB46721, TGB46722, TGB46723, TGB46724, TGB46730 ve TGB46743) ve iki standart tütün çeşidi (Erbasma ve Xanthi-81) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu, kuru yaprak verimi, nikotin oranı, indirgen şeker oranı ve randıman parametreleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler arasındaki farkların tamamı istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar başta kuru yaprak verimi olmak üzere pek çok parametre bakımından standart çeşitlerden daha yüksek performans göstermiştir. Kuru yaprak verimi bakımından TGB46668 (223,85 kg/da), TGB46722 (219,79 kg/da), TGB46721 (213,01 kg/da) ve TGB46730 (211,7 kg/da) hatları öne çıkmıştır. Randıman değerlerine göre ise TGB46743 (%55,47), TGB46675 (%54,96) ve TGB46721 (%53,59) hatlarının daha kaliteli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TGB46721 hattının verim ve kalite bakımından basma üretim alanlarında kendine yer bulabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar yeni çeşit geliştirmeye yönelik ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecektir.
Photodynamic therapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Filonenko E. V. , Ivanova-Radkevich V. I.
Published: December 2024

Photodynamic therapy has traditionally been used and approved in many countries for the treatment of intraepithelial forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precancer – actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. However, recently a number of studies have been conducted that suggest a possible expansion of the boundaries of photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Several authors have suggested a therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy for superficial, microinvasive and well-differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. We reviewed publications on the website https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov devoted to this problem. Analysis of the research results shows that photodynamic therapy can achieve high efficiency and good cosmetic results in patients with microinvasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and in some cases even with an invasive form, and can be considered as an alternative to surgical treatment in patients with contraindications to surgery.
Machine learning methods for spectrally-resolved imaging analysis in neuro-oncology
Authors: Savelieva T. A. , Romanishkin I. D. , Ospanov A. , Linkov K. G. , Goryajnov S. A. , Pavlova G. V. , Pronin I. N. , Loschenov V. B.
Published: December 2024

To reduce the frequency of relapses after surgical removal a brain tumor, it is critically important to completely remove all affected areas of the brain without disrupting the functionality of vital organs. Therefore, intraoperative differential diagnostics of micro-areas of tumor tissue with their subsequent removal or destruction is an urgent task that determines the success of the operation as a whole. Optical spectroscopy has shown its advantages over the past decade when used as a tool for intraoperative metabolic navigation. And one of the most promising options for the development of this technology is spectrally-resolved imaging. Currently, methods of spectrally-resolved imaging in diffusely reflected light have been developed, for example, mapping the degree of hemoglobin oxygen saturation, as well as fluorescence visualization systems, for both endogenous fluorophores and special fluorescent markers. These systems allow rapid analysis of tissue by the composition of chromophores and fluorophores, which allows the neurosurgeon to differentiate tumor and normal tissues, as well as functionally significant areas, during surgery. No less mandatory are the methods of using spectrally resolved visualization based on mapping characteristics obtained from Raman spectra, but due to the smaller cross-section of the process, these methods are used ex vivo, as a rule, for urgent analysis of fresh tissue samples. In this paper, we focus on both the physical foundations of such methods and a very important aspect of their application – machine learning (ML) methods for image processing and tissues’ classification.
Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome Due to Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Rarely Case Report
Authors: Dinh Duc Nguyen , Phuong Thao Bui , Thuy Duong Nguyen , Thi Luu Pham , Thi Huong Nguyen
Published: December 2024

Both a non-functional neuroendocrine tumor that transforms into an ACTH-secreting tumor and ectopic ACTH-secreting Cushing's disease are extremely uncommon. We present the case of a 75-year-old female patient who underwent total surgery for a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that was discovered 11 years prior and was non-functional at the time of diagnosis. Five years ago, liver metastases were found, and they currently exhibit Cushing's syndrome symptoms that depend on ACTH. A presumptive diagnosis of a rapidly progressive, metastatic, functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with ectopic ACTH secretion was made and biochemically and radiographically confirmed.  However, due to health conditions and procedural risks, definite diagnostic methods have not been developed, such as liver biopsy. Conclusion: This report highlights the fact that it is unlikely that a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas may initially present with a functional hormonal syndrome, either from the primary tumor itself or from the metastatic secondary tumor.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Camellia sinensis Extract on Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Thanh Tung Bui , Thi Duong Trinh , Hai Ha Nguyen , Hoang Mai Tran
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is an important target in therapeutic applications for the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Camellia sinensis extract. Leaves of Camellia sinensis were extracted with 80% ethanol (EtOH) and subsequently fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) solvents. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect in vitro, we performed a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The study also evaluated the inhibitory effects on the HER2 enzyme through molecular docking of the main catechin compounds in Camellia sinensis. The results indicated that the total EtOH extract had the strongest cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 69.15±2.35 μg/mL. Additionally, the EtOAc-fractionated extracts also had strong cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 23.45±2.73 μg/mL. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the catechin compounds in green tea had strong inhibitory potential against the HER2 enzyme. Our findings indicated that the EtOAc-fractionated extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves had strong cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of green tea and its catechin compounds in the treatment of breast cancer.
Development of a Quantitative Method for Hydroxychavicol in the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Piper betle L. Ethanol Extract Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Thi Xuan Mai Nguyen , Le Ngan Mai , Van Khanh Nguyen , Thanh Binh Nguyen Thi , Hao Bui Thi , Quang Thao Le , Thanh Tung Bui
Published: December 2024

In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis method for hydroxychavicol (HC) in the ethyl acetate fraction of the total ethanol extract of Piper betle using high-performance liquid chromatography. The stationary phase utilized a reversed-phase silica gel C18 column (5 μm x 4.6 mm x 250 mm), while the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.05% orthophosphoric acid in water (30:70, v/v). The flow rate was set to 1 ml/min, with a chromatography run time of 20 minutes and a column temperature of 40 °C. Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 210 nm, corresponding to the maximum absorption wavelength of HC. The injection volume was 20 µl. The retention time for HC was about 14.03 minutes. Within the concentration range of HC from 7.68 to 276.50 µg/ml, there was a strong linear correlation between peak area and solution concentration. The method ensured specificity for HC, with high accuracy and precision, evidenced by a recovery rate from 98% to 102% and a relative standard deviation of repeatability ≤ 2%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.87 µg/ml and 2.87 µg/ml, respectively.
 Hydroxychavicol, quantification, high-performance liquid chromatography, Piper betle.
Morphological, Microscopic, and Qualitative Studies of Chemical Composition of [(Michelia Citrata (Noot. & Chalermglin) Q. N. Vu and N. H. Xia)], Family Magnoliaceae Collected in Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province
Authors: Minh Dung Nguyen , Van Oanh Ha , Quynh Huong Le , Thu Lan Vu Thi , Dang Tuan Manh Phan , Khanh Ly Trinh , Tran Mai Phuong Nguyen , Thuy Le Thi , Phuong Vien Nguyen Thi , Manh Tuyen Nguyen
Published: December 2024

Michelia citrata is a species that typically grows in forests and is widely distributed across Thailand and several provinces of Vietnam. Its seeds are also commonly used as a spice. However, there are not many botanical studies currently available on this species. This study was conducted to provide basic data on the morphological and microscopic characteristics and medicinal powder analyses of stems and leaves. At the same time, qualitative analysis was performed to preliminarily identify several groups of substances present in the medicinal leaves. The research results have described in detail the morphological characteristics of the parts, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, and analyzed the micro-anatomy of the stems, leaves, and medicinal powder composition of Michelia citrata. Qualitative results of some groups of substances in medicinal herbs have revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, carotenes, fats, saponins, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, tannins, amino acids, organic acids, and polysaccharides.
Modeling of Surface Ablation for Hypersonic Reentry Vehicles Using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Chen Song , Gan Chi , Bott Lennart , Stemmer Christian , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

The surface ablation of hypersonic reentry vehicles is modeled at the microscopic level based on direct simulation Monte Carlo method with the open-source SPARTA code. The expression of surface recession rate is derived together with a new ablation rule, which enables a better description of the coupling process between surface ablation and flow. Additionally, the grid cell size independence of the ablation rate is reached, and satisfactory results are obtained for the test cases. The simulation results of the two-dimensional wedge indicate that ablation starts from the stagnation point at the front side while the flow region near the local roughness is highly rarefied. The reentry and ablation of a three-dimensional CubeSat is also simulated to show the effectiveness of the present ablation procedure and, at the same time, may provide practical guidance for end-of-life disposal schemes of in-orbit spacecraft.
Assessment of Added Masses Effects on Airship Dynamics and Stability
Authors: Fruncillo Felice , Sollazzo Adolfo , Baraniello Vincenzo Rosario , Genito Nicola , Vitale Antonio
Published: December 2024

Airships have recently emerged as attractive candidates for several aerospace applications, leading to an increasing interest in the modeling of the dynamic behavior of these vehicles for flight mechanics analyses and mission simulation purposes. One of the peculiarities of the airship model is the need for the inclusion of the dynamic effects due to the mutual interaction between the moving vehicle and the fluid in which it flies. This phenomenon is usually represented by introducing fictitious added masses. This paper presents a method to rigorously manage the added masses, including them in the flight dynamics equations without considering any simplifying assumptions concerning airship shape or centers of added mass. The paper also defines a method for the computation of the added mass matrix and centers of added mass position in any reference frame, which is required for the accurate writing of the airship equations of motion. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated numerically by solving a potential flow problem through the boundary element method. Finally, the effects of added masses are assessed with reference to a high-altitude airship by evaluating its dynamic stability properties with and without the inclusion of the added masses.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Cruciform Parachute with an Asymmetric Configuration of Ropes
Authors: Wu X. S. , Yang Zhenglin , Chen Jun , Guo Yuanzhang
Published: December 2024

In this study, an aerodynamic control scheme was proposed based on an asymmetric configuration of the ropes of a cruciform parachute to provide the lateral aerodynamic control forces required for it. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to confirm that this scheme could generate a lateral aerodynamic force for the cruciform parachute that was approximately 24% of the axial force. The deployment of a cruciform parachute under a subsonic flow regime was simulated by coupling the lattice Boltzmann method with a structural model. The shape of the canopy obtained from the coupled calculations was in good agreement with that determined based on the results of the wind tunnel test. The results of both showed that the cruciform parachute tilted along the direction of the shortened ropes under the combined action of the asymmetric configuration and incoming flow. This led to a difference in the lateral pressure on the canopy that led to the generation of lateral aerodynamic forces, which were linearly related to the reduced length of the ropes, and increased as their length decreased.
Refrigeration Characteristics of Vortex Tubes Under Various Operating Conditions: Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Zongwei , Li Xiangjia , An Xuanyi , Meng Qingkun
Published: December 2024

The refrigeration characteristics in a vortex tube are experimentally investigated to promote their application in aerospace engineering. The experiments focus on the effects of the inlet pressure ([Formula: see text] to 0.7 MPa), inlet temperature ([Formula: see text] to 70°C), cold outlet pressure ([Formula: see text] to 0.7 MPa), and the cold mass fraction ([Formula: see text] to 0.9). The experimental results reveal that, maintaining the same cold mass fraction, elevating the inlet pressure below 0.4 MPa leads to a substantial increase in temperature reduction and cooling effectiveness. This enhancement becomes less pronounced when the inlet pressure surpasses 0.4 MPa. Raising the inlet temperature can enhance temperature reduction and cooling effectiveness. Increasing the cold outlet pressure tends to decrease the actual temperature drop. Although its influence on temperature efficiency is minimal, significant improvements in adiabatic efficiency and coefficient of performance are observed for cold mass fractions exceeding 0.6. Across all test conditions, there exists a critical cold mass fraction point that optimizes the refrigeration process. An empirical correlation formula was derived from experimental data, and its accuracy was validated through a comparative analysis between the experimental results and the predicted values.
Primary screening of collection of fungal antagonist strains against Phoma rot pathogen on winter rapeseed
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Maslienko L.V. , Deynega L.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Zaveryukha E.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Kuznetsova A.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2024

In 2024, in order to develop a microbiological method to reduce the harmfulness of the most dangerous disease of winter rapeseed - Phoma rot (Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not, anamorphic stage Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm.), promising strains-producers of microbiopreparations were searched for in the working collection at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. As a result of the primary screening, 26 promising fungal strains with different types of antagonistic activity (competition for feeding area, hyperparasitism and antibiosis) against the Phoma rot pathogen were identified: six strains of the genus Trichoderma, seven of the genus Penicillium, four of the genus Chaetomium, three of the genus Aspergillus, two of the class Basidiomycota and one each of the genera Sordaria, Metarhizium, Trichothecium, and Talaromyces.
Development of the theory of heterosis in plants
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Volgin V.V. , Ryzhenko E.N. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of heterosis is widely used in the breeding of most crops. The article presents historical data on the discovery of this phenomenon and a number of theories explaining its origin. The most important of these, on which modern genetics and breeding are based, are the theories of dominance, overdominance, genetic balance, epistatic interaction of genes, ecological heterosis, mutation theory of heterosis, and hypotheses of physiological heterosis and formation of combining ability. Heterosis in hy-brids usually manifests itself in the first generation. Unfortunately, to date, none of the hypotheses can fully explain the nature of the phenomenon of heter-osis. The occurrence of heterosis in hybrids of the first generation is caused by both allelic and interallelic gene interactions. The problem of heterosis fixation is solved by vegetative reproduction and apomixis; in autopoliploids of the second and subsequent genera-tions, segregation is slower than in diploids.
New variety of spring rapeseed Boomer KL resistant to imidazolinone herbicides
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Gorlova L.A. , Bochkaryova E.B. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Serdyuk V.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Strelnikov E.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2024

Spring rapeseed variety Boomer KL was developed as a result of individual selection in combination with self-pollination of plants from the hybrid population obtained by crossing the variety Tavrion and line No. 209 from hybrid Wieder KL. Self-pollination of plants from the hybrid population was carried out in each generation, starting from F1. To intensify the breeding process, we cultivated the lines in the phytotron and greenhouse complex of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. At each stage, the plants were treated with the herbicide Nopasaran, SC with adhesive DASH (1:1 ratio) at a rate of 1.2 l/ha. In the competitive trial, the variety Boomer KL was characterized by consistently high yield, exceeding the standard variety Forpost KL by an average of 0.38 t/ha over three years. The duration of the growing season of the new variety is significantly shorter compared to the standard variety. In the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region, plants of the variety Boomer KL are 4 cm lower and more resistant to lodging, characterized by a lower degree of pod shattering and a higher weight of 1000 seeds. The oil content of Boomer KL is 3.1% higher compared to the standard variety Forpost KL. The oil quality, i.e. the oleic acid content, is also significantly higher – by 4.4%. The contents of glucosinolates and protein in the seeds are at the level of the standard. The variety Boomer KL is recommended for trials in the following regions of the Russian Federation: North-West, Central, Volgo-Vyatsky, Central Chernozem, North Caucasus, Middle Volga, Lower Volga, Ural, West Siberian, East Siberian and Far East.
Analysis of fire and rescue units functioning parameters in large cities of Russia
Authors:   Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, MALYUTIN Oleg S. , MOROZOV Veniamin V. ,   Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, MIRONENKO Roman V. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of fire units functioning parameters in large cities of Russia. The authors' goal is to identify mutual connections of the main parameters of fire units functioning in the conditions of Russian reality. The authors' tasks include collecting initial data on the response of fire units on the territory of cities - regional centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, applying methods of spatial and network analysis to determine the development areas and the coefficient of non-linearity, conducting a correlation analysis of fire units functioning parameters and analyzing the obtained results.
Methods. The work has used methods of statistical analysis of fire units functioning, as well as methods from the field of spatial, network and correlation analysis.
Findings. The work carried out has revealed a number of regularities of fire units functioning in organizational conditions of the Russian Federation. The key factor determining the number and equipment of fire units, among the parameters considered, is the area of the cities built-up territory and the number of residents, but the population of cities has
a particularly significant impact.
Research application field. The obtained results can be applied in solving organizational and planning measures in the field of fire and rescue garrisons development.
Conclusions. There is a noticeable connection between all absolute parameters of fire units functioning with the population size and the area of the serviced territory. The speed of fire trucks is negatively affected by the increase in population density and the number of fires per square kilometer of the city area. For the first time, an increase in the arrival time of the first fire unit has been noted with an increase in the number of fires per unit of serviced area.
Mathematical model for forecasting costs of the residual life of fire protection systems
Authors:   Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, PITSYK Victor V. , ICHMELYAN Arthur B. ,   State Fire Supervision Directorate of the Republic of Abkhazia
Published: December 2024

Purpose. This article presents a developed mathematical model to solve the problem of forecasting costs for the residual life of fire protection systems with parametric failures. The model takes into account limitations on additional funding for preventing anticipated losses due to forced downtime during routine-preventive maintenance and reconditioning. The authors assume that the solution obtained allows for forecasting the residual life of a wide class of systems with parametric failures under budget constraints for maintaining their operational condition.
The study is aimed at improving the accuracy of forecasting the residual life of fire protection systems and the costs required to maintain their functionality.
Methods: The study relies on queuing theory for system maintenance.
Findings:
1. If a failure in an individual key parameter of the fire protection systems does not result in their complete failure but only degrades performance to some extent, and if the maintenance costs for each system in a given technical state are equal, then the average operating cost can be determined using the formula derived in the paper.
2. If a fire protection system is deemed inoperative when a certain fixed number of its key parameters are in a non-working state, it is possible to determine the most likely number of systems that may be inoperative in a residual resource operational mode.
3. The quantitative calculations show that:
a) For instance, if the failure and reconditioning rates of a single-parameter system are λ = 0,5 and µ = 20 over a year, with annual operational expenses of ΔCo = 50 000 units and an average reconditioning cost of ΔCr = 5 000 units, the expenses required for a remaining resource t* lasting 5 years and 1,5 months will amount to 500 037.4 units.
For failure and reconditioning rates of λ = 0,125 and µ = 1,
|the expenses for a remaining resource t* of 6 years, 6 months, and 10 days will amount to 500,066 units.
b) If, in the operational process of a system with three key parameters, two exceed tolerance limits, there is an 88,3 % probability that the system will be deemed faulty. That so, out of five systems, four may become inoperative.
Research application field. The results are recommended for the scheduled preventive maintenance of a wide class of high-reliability systems with parametric failures.
Conclusions. The solution obtained allows for non-stationary forecasting of the residual life of systems and the costs necessary to maintain their operable condition.
The solution is applicable to a wide range of highly reliable, reconditionable systems with parametric failures.
Endocrine Disruptors and the Heart: Unraveling the Cardiovascular Impact
Authors: Ganakumar Vanishri , Sruthi K. , Ghatnatti Vikrant B. , Goroshi Manjunath
Published: December 2024

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental contaminants that interfere with the hormonal system, posing significant risks to human health. Found in everyday items such as plastics, pesticides, cosmetics, and industrial materials, EDCs include both persistent chemicals, for example, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and non-persistent ones, for example, bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and parabens. Mechanistically, EDCs mimic or block natural hormones, affecting processes such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling. These disruptions elevate the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases, especially when exposure occurs during prenatal and early life stages. The detrimental cardiovascular impact of EDCs extends beyond their diabetogenic and obesogenic effects. EDCs such as BPA and heavy metals disrupt estrogen and androgen signaling, leading to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. In addition, EDCs further promote oxidative stress, which contributes to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. EDCs significantly impact reproductive health, causing precocious puberty, infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids in females and precocious puberty, delayed puberty, and infertility in males. The health ramifications of EDCs extend beyond the individual and can affect ensuing generations. EDCs cause epigenetic changes that can be passed down to future generations, compounding long-term impact on quality of life and healthcare spending. Intrauterine EDC exposure is associated with profound impact on fetal growth, potentially leading to low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction, which predispose these individuals to life-long metabolic and cardiovascular challenges. Mitigation of EDC exposure requires a comprehensive prevention strategy to minimize the widespread health impacts, starting from the individual and the family unit. These include making simple swaps in daily life such as minimizing use of plastic, processed food items, scrutinizing cosmetics, and paints for possible presence of EDCs and avoiding exposure to direct and second-hand smoking. However, broader regulatory actions need to be initiated on a global level to implement stricter safety standards, minimize production of EDCs and their entry into the ecosystem and exploring safer alternatives.
Stem cell therapy approaches for non-malignant diseases & non-haematological diseases in India: A systematic review
Authors: Chavan Chandrashekhar , Ray Suman , Kumar Chandra Mohan
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives

Our study aims to provide the diversity of stem cell use for non-malignant, non-haematological diseases in India through the lens of clinical trials.

Methods

A PRISMA approach was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell use for the period 2001-2021 in India. The outcomes were measured using each disease category, types of stem cells, the origin of stem cells, safety, and efficacy.

Results

Of the 9206 studies screened, 61 studies that were relevant to stem cell use for non-malignant diseases were included for analysis. Autologous stem cells (75%) were used predominantly compared to allogenic stem cells (18.33%), followed by mixed type (6.67%). Use of bone marrow-derived stem cells (51%) was dominant, followed by melanocytes (19%), adipose (7%), haematopoietic (12%), and (11%) other types of stem cells. The study revealed 37 randomized clinical trial studies conducted in the government research hospital compared to the non-government.

Interpretation & conclusions

Maintaining the gold standard for stem cell therapy requires randomized clinical trials with large sample sizes, control groups, failures, adverse effects, etc. It is important to have a monitoring and regulation system in stem cell clinical research activities with enough preclinical data and repeated exchanges between the bench and the bedside.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВЫЕМКИ ЗАПАСОВ ЦЕЛИКОВ И СПОСОБА ПОГАШЕНИЯ ВЫРАБОТАННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ КЫШТЫМСКОГО ПОДЗЕМНОГО РУДНИКА
Authors: Кирилл Васильевич Барановский , Юрий Михайлович Соломеин , Юрий Георгиевич Антипин
Published: December 2024

Для выемки подземных запасов переходной зоны (подэтажа 366/346 м) применялся вариант камерно-целиковой системы разработки, имеющий большую величину эксплуатационных потерь. ИГД УрО РАН разработаны основные технические решения по отработке жилы № 175 в этаже 346/316 м камерной системой разработки с последующим обрушением целиков, позволяющие значительно снизить потери балансовых запасов высокоценного кварца в недрах. Изложены основные положения и технические решения проекта по геотехнологическому и геомеханическому обоснованию безопасной и эффективной отработки запасов подэтажа 346/324 м. В соответствии с современными горнотехническими и геомеханическими условиями рекомендован поэтапный порядок отработки запасов целиков и погашения выработанного пространства подэтажа 346/324 м. Рассмотрены варианты отработки целиков и схем погашения выработанного пространства и проведено их технико-экономическое сравнение.

For extraction of underground reserves of interjacent zone (sublevel 366 / 346 m) a variant of room-and-pillar mining system has been used, it has a large amount of operational losses. IM of UB of RAS has developed a technical project with main technical solutions for excavating the reserves of vein № 175 on the level 346/316 m by chamber system of exploitation followed by the collapse of pillars, which allows to reduce significantly the balance reserve loss of high-value quartz in subsoil. The main principles of the project and technical solutions for geotechnical and geomechanical justification of safe and efficient development of reserves on sublevel 346/324 m are shown. Based on current miningtechnical and geomechanical conditions, a procedure for phased exploitation of pillar reserves and cancellation of worked out space on sublevel 346/324 m is recommended. The variants of pillars excavation and schemes of cancellation of worked out space have been examined and their technical and economic comparison has been conducted.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ОТБОЙКИ ГРАНУЛИРОВАННОГО КВАРЦА ПЛОСКОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ЗАРЯДОВ
Authors: Игорь Владимирович Соколов , Алексей Алексеевич Смирнов , Артем Андреевич Рожков
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных взрывов плоской системы зарядов в условиях Кыштымского подземного рудника. Основной задачей при этом являлось снижение выхода переизмельченной фракции кварца -20 мм. Была предложена и опробована конструкция рассредоточенного скважинного заряда без инертного заполнителя в воздушных промежутках. Проведено сравнение гранулометрического состава отбиваемой руды при различных конструкциях зарядов. Выявлена зависимость выхода фракций кварца от удельного расхода ВВ. Доказана техническая возможность повышения эффективности добычи ценного сырья при предлагаемой технологии и параметрах буровзрывных работ. Предполагаемый эффект от перехода на новый способ отбойки - снижение выхода переизмельченной фракции на 25 - 40 %.

The article gives the results of experimental explosions of a flat explosives system in the conditions of the Kyshtym underground mine. The main task here was to reduce the outcome of the overgrinding quartz fraction -20 mm. The design of the dispersed hole-explosive without any inert filler in air gaps was proposed and tested. The granulometric composition of the ore being broken off by various explosives structures was compared. The dependence of the output of quartz fractions on the specific consumption of explosives is revealed. The technical possibility of increasing the efficiency of extraction of valuable raw materials with the proposed technology and parameters of drilling and blasting operations is proved. The expected effect of the conversion to a new way of breaking is to be a reducing of the outcome of the overgrinding fraction by 25 - 40 %.
К ВОПРОСУ О СООТВЕТСТВИИ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ГЕОМЕХАНИКИ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАДАЧАМ НЕДРОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Александр Евгеньевич Балек
Published: December 2024

Представлен анализ базовых научных понятий и терминов, характеризующих напряженный массив горных пород как главный объект геомеханических исследований. В качестве взаимосвязанной системы рассмотрены нормативные определения основных терминов практической геомеханики: горная порода, грунт, массив горных пород, коэффициент структурного ослабления, представительный объем, структурный блок, породная отдельность, напряженно-деформированное состояние, поле механических напряжений, структурные и текстурные напряжения, поле деформаций, разрушение горных пород, горное давление, предельное состояние. Используемые в геомеханике прочностные характеристики горных пород, такие как кратковременная и длительная прочность, модуль спада, предельная и запредельная деформация, сопоставлены со сходными нормативными определениями, применяемыми в геотехнологии, а именно: контактной прочностью, крепостью, твердостью, дробимостью. Обосновывается принципиальная некорректность оценки физико-механических свойств и напряженно-деформированного состояния какой-либо отдельной точки горного массива без учета пространственных и временных масштабов рассматриваемого объекта недропользования и, соответственно, масштабов его взаимодействия с окружающей средой. Показана целесообразность унификации и приведения в единую терминологическую систему тех понятий и терминов, которые используются в настоящее время в геомеханике и геотехнологии.

The paper considers the analysis of basic scientific concepts and terms that characterize stressed rock massif as the main object of geomechanical researches. Normative definitions of the main terms of practical geomechanics are considered as an interconnected system. They include the following terms: rock formation, massif of rocks, rock mass, structure reduktion coefficient, representative volume, structural blocks, parting, stressed and strained state, mechanical stress field, structural stress, texture stress, deformation field, rock breaking, rock pressure, limit state. Strength characteristics of rocks used in geomechanics, such as: strength of rocks, long- and short-term strength of rock, decrease component, limit and overlimited deformation are compared with similar normative definitions used in geotechnology, such as: contact strength, toughness, hardness, crushability. The principal incorrectness of estimating of mechanical properties and stress-strain state of a specific point in the rock massif without taking into account the spatial and temporal scales of the ussued object, and scales of its interaction with the environment, is being substantiated. The expediency of unification and reduction of concepts and terms to a common terminological system for geomechanics and geotechnology is shown by the paper.
ОСУШЕНИЕ РУДНЫХ ТЕЛ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ОБВОДНЕННОСТИ И ЗАКАРСТОВАННОСТИ НАЛЕГАЮЩЕЙ ТОЛЩИ
Authors: Виталий Вячеславович Мельник , Алексей Леонидович Замятин
Published: December 2024

В статье приведен пример решения задачи снижения обводненности горных выработок за счет организации скважинного водозабора на земной поверхности. Представленный подход к решению задач осушения месторождений с использованием как аналитических исследований, так и применения современных технологий выявления структурных неоднородностей с помощью геофизических методов позволяет минимизировать затраты на отработку полезных ископаемых и повысить безопасность ведения горных работ.

The article gives an example of solving the task to reduce watering of mine workings by organization of the well water intake on the earth surface. The described approach to the solving the tasks of draining the fields using both analytical studies and the application of modern technologies to identify structural inhomogeneities by geophysical methods allows to minimize costs for geological exploitation of mineral resources and to improve safety of mining operations.
К ВОПРОСУ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЯ КАРЬЕРНОГО ПОЛЯ ПО КОЭФФИЦИЕНТУ СЕЙСМИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Игорь Алексеевич Аленичев
Published: December 2024

Выполнен цикл сейсмонаблюдений для мониторинга устойчивости бортов карьера при производстве взрывных работ. Показана возможность районирования карьерного поля по коэффициенту сейсмичности для выявления наиболее сейсмовосприимчивых участков в карьере, вблизи которых производство взрывных работ следует выполнять с особой осторожностью. Получены зависимости скорости смещения в различных зонах карьера.

A serie of seismic observations to monitor the stability of the open pit walls during blasting operations have been performed. Possibility of zoning of the minefield through the seismicity coefficient has been shown to identify the most seismic-sensitive areas in the open pit near which blasting operations should be carried out with the special caution. Dependence of the displacement velocity in various zones of the open pit have been obtained.