bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Mutation-Based Fault Localization Through Contribution-Based Test Case Reduction
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Yang Kun , Wu Tong
Published: May 2024

Fault localization is an expensive phase of software debugging processes. Although Mutation-based Fault Localization (MBFL) is a promising technique, its computational cost remains high due to the extensive mutation executions involved in mutation analysis. Previous studies have primarily focused on reducing costs by decreasing the mutant numbers and optimizing the execution, yielding promising results. However, test case reduction has also proven to be effective in reducing costs in MBFL. In this paper, we propose an approach called Contribution-Based Test Case Reduction (CBTCR) aimed at enhancing MBFL efficiency. CBTCR assesses the contribution value of each test case and selects them accordingly. The reduced test suite is then used for mutant execution. We evaluate CBTCR on 543 real software faults from Defects4J benchmark. Results show that CBTCR outperforms other MBFL test case reduction strategies (e.g. FTMES, IETCR), in terms of the Top-N and MAP metrics. Moreover, CBTCR achieves an average cost reduction of 87.06%, while maintaining accuracy comparable to those of the original MBFL techniques. This research paper presents an innovative and effective solution for optimizing MBFL, which can significantly reduce the cost and time required for software debugging.
TRACES OF UNEQUAL ENTRY REQUIREMENT FOR ILLUSTRIOUS PEOPLE ON WIKIPEDIA BASED ON THEIR GENDER
Authors: KRIVAA LEA , COSCIA MICHELE
Published: May 2024

Wikipedia is a widely used tool people use to gather knowledge about the world, causing it to have a vast impact on the way individuals perceive the reality they live in. It is then of paramount importance that the picture of the world Wikipedia provides is accurate. We cannot afford such an important tool to eschew inclusiveness or a fair representation of reality: an inaccurate picture of the world in such a tool can be used to claim unjust and unfair positions — such as that women are inferior to men — as if they were facts, because they are enshrined on an encyclopedia. In this paper, we study issues of fair gender representations for people in history noted by multiple language editions of Wikipedia: are women underrepresented on Wikipedia? We do so via a combination of natural language processing and network science. Our results indicate that there is indeed a higher bar for women to have their own biographical page on Wikipedia: women are only included when they have more significant connections than men to the rest of the network. There are visible effects of the initiatives Wikipedia is taking to fix this issue, showing that the gap is narrowing, which validates our interpretation of the data.
Dynamics of some compact structures and moment of inertia in f(ℛ,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Malik Adnan , Batool Mariam , Meer Eesha , Shamir M. Farasat , Alkhaldi Ali. H.
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination of relativistic structures within the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We investigate the emerging characteristics of compact stars, focusing on the [Formula: see text] model, where [Formula: see text] is the coupling constant. In the initial sections of the paper, we concentrate on the examination of exact interior solutions involving perfect fluid. With this aim, we introduce the metric coefficient [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are arbitrary constants to be computed from the matching conditions and [Formula: see text] is a positive odd integer. It is worth noticing that we select a group of 10 significant compact stars from recent studies, namely, Vela [Formula: see text], EXO [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], SMC[Formula: see text], Her[Formula: see text], PSR [Formula: see text], PSR[Formula: see text], Cen[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and LMC[Formula: see text]. To investigate the viability of our model, we conduct various checks, including the analysis of energy density and pressure components, equilibrium, and energy conditions, stability analysis and the adiabatic index. An important part of this work provides the slowly rotating property of stars, accompanied by the derivation of the moment of inertia. The relationship of mass, energy density, radius and moment of inertia for stellar objects are observed. Our findings demonstrate that obtained results are physically acceptable and consistent with our considered model.
Geometrical interpretation of isospin subalgebras in SU(3)
Authors: Garat Alcides
Published: May 2024

Ever since new tetrads in four-dimensional Lorentzian curved spacetimes were introduced, many outstanding properties and results have been proven regarding Riemannian geometry, gauge theory or group theory. These tetrads might carry spacetime-kinematic information about particle multiplets. Among other properties, these new tetrads, locally and covariantly diagonalize stress–energy tensors. In the case where particles have an electromagnetic field, the local planes of gauge symmetry served as a tool in order to propose a new gravitational-kinematic interpretation of particle multiplets. The core reason stems from the mathematical fact that all local gauge symmetries associated to the Standard Model have been proven to be isomorphic to local groups of tetrad transformations in four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes. Therefore, the different stress–energy tensors have been proven to determine the local gauge geometry as a natural part of Riemannian geometry. The stress–energy tensors determine locally the orthogonal planes such that the rotation on either of them of the local tetrad vectors that span these planes is isomorphic to local tetrad gauge transformations. All these properties put together allow for a reinterpretation presented previously of particle states as particle gravitational-kinematic-spacetime tetrad states in the asymptotically flat limit. We proceed in this paper to study the case where there are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] isospin subalgebras or submultiplets within the context of this new Riemannian interpretation of gauge symmetries.
A third (fourth)-order computational scheme for 2D Burgers-type nonlinear parabolic PDEs on a nonuniformly spaced grid network
Authors: Jha Navnit , Wagley Madhav
Published: May 2024

An implicit compact scheme is proposed to approximate the solution of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) of Burgers’ type in two dimensions. These nonlinear PDEs are essential because they describe various mechanisms in engineering and physics. The nonlinear convective and advective processes are discretized with high-order accuracy on an arbitrary grid, which results in a family of high-resolution discrete replacements of given PDEs. The essence of the new scheme lies in its compact character and two-level single-cell discretization, so that one discrete equation leads to the accuracy of orders three or four, depending upon the choice of the grid network. The scheme is used for solving celebrated nonlinear PDEs, such as the nondegenerate convection–diffusion equation, the generalized Burgers–Huxley equation, the Buckley–Leverett equation, and the Burgers–Fisher equation. Many computational results are presented to demonstrate the high-resolution character of the newly proposed scheme.
Mapping the Multifaceted Landscape of Resilience in Manufacturing Strategy: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Avenues
Authors: Rincón-Guio Cristian , Sarache William
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a pioneering systematic literature review (SLR) that scrutinizes the increasingly pivotal role of resilience in manufacturing strategy (MS), a perspective notably absents in previous literature. In the wake of disruptive events, our study provides an exhaustive analysis of resilience within MS, employing a meticulous multi-stage process encompassing article collection, critical evaluation, and both bibliometric and content analyses. Utilizing Atlas.ti[Formula: see text] for an enhanced analytical depth, the study distinctly maps current trends and pinpoints previously unexplored gaps in this research area. Post-2020, a surge in academic focus on MS and resilience is evident, and our analysis brings forth critical research domains such as the formulation of theoretical resilience frameworks and the refinement of strategic resilience in manufacturing. The study accentuates the necessity of agility and responsiveness in manufacturing, emphasizing the integration of uncertainty into decision-making processes. It also highlights the instrumental role of technological innovation, particularly the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies, in reinforcing resilience. Through a detailed content analysis, our research systematically categorizes findings into approaches to resilience, resilience components, and MS resilience. This provides a structured and comprehensive understanding of the subject, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that amalgamates strategic management, advanced technologies, and insights into cultural and organizational dynamics. This holistic perspective is vital for shaping manufacturing systems that are resilient and adaptable in a volatile global context. As a foundational reference, this study marks a significant leap in research, setting the stage for future endeavors to develop robust, adaptable manufacturing practices.
Mining Multimorbidity Trajectories and Co-Medication Effects from Patient Data to Predict Post–Hip Fracture Outcomes
Authors: Sheng Jessica Qiuhua , Xu Da , Hu Paul Jen-Hwa , Li Liang , Huang Ting-Shuo
Published: May 2024

Hip fractures have profound impacts on patients’ conditions and quality of life, even when they receive therapeutic treatments. Many patients face the risk of poor prognosis, physical impairment, and even mortality, especially older patients. Accurate patient outcome estimates after an initial fracture are critical to physicians’ decision-making and patient management. Effective predictions might benefit from analyses of patients’ multimorbidity trajectories and medication usages. If adequately modeled and analyzed, then they could help identify patients at higher risk of recurrent fractures or mortality. Most analytics methods overlook the onset, co-occurrence, and temporal sequence of distinct chronic diseases in the trajectory, and they also seldom consider the combined effects of different medications. To support effective predictions, we develop a novel deep learning–based method that uses a cross-attention mechanism to model patient progression by obtaining “contextual information” from multimorbidity trajectories. This method also incorporates a nested self-attention network that captures the combined effects of distinct medications by learning the interactions among medications and how dosages might influence post-fracture outcomes. A real-world patient dataset is used to evaluate the proposed method, relative to six benchmark methods. The comparative results indicate that our method consistently outperforms all the benchmarks in precision, recall, F-measures, and area under the curve. The proposed method is generalizable and can be implemented as a decision support system to identify patients at greater risk of recurrent hip fractures or mortality, which should help clinical decision-making and patient management.
(Invited) Role of Oxidant Gas for Atomic Layer Deposition of HfxZr1−XO2 Thin Films on Ferroelectricity of Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal Capacitors
Authors: Onaya Takashi , Kita Koji
Published: May 2024

We fabricated 400°C-annealed TiN/HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO)/TiN metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) capacitors using H2O and O2 plasma as oxidant gases of thermal (TH) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD), respectively, for HZO films. The PE-ALD film formed a more ferroelectric orthorhombic phase compared with the TH-ALD case. Therefore, the MFM capacitor with the PE-ALD film showed higher remanent polarization and dielectric constant. For the PE-ALD case, moreover, an oxygen-rich interfacial layer (O-rich-IL) was formed between the HZO film and TiN-bottom electrode during the ALD process. Thus, the MFM capacitor with the PE-ALD film showed less degradation of switching polarization during field cycling compared with the TH-ALD case, because an O-rich-IL should prevent the interface reaction and formation of additional oxygen vacancies in the PE-ALD film during field cycling. Based on these results, it is important to consider the selection of an ALD oxidant gas for the fabrication of HZO-based MFM capacitors.
E-Mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using p-NiO Gates
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Wan Hsiao-Hsuan , Li Jian-Sian , Ren Fan , Yoo Timothy Jinsoo , Kim Honggyu , Pearton Stephen J
Published: May 2024

Sputtered p-NiO films were used to suppress gate leakage and produce a positive shift in gate voltage of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for e-mode operation. A direct comparison with Schottky gate devices fabricated on the same wafer shows the utility of the NiO in increasing the on-off ratio and shifting the threshold voltage from -0.95 V (Schottky gated) to +0.9 V (NiO gated). The breakdown voltage was 780 V for a 40 µm drain-source separation. The sub-threshold swing decreased from 181 mV/dec for Schottky gate HEMTs to 128 mV/dec on NiO-gated devices. The simple fabrication process without any annealing or passivation steps shows the promise of NiO-gates for e-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT operation.
(Invited) Shunt-currents in Alkaline Water-Electrolyzers and Renewable Energy
Authors: Rasten Egil
Published: May 2024

Shunt-currents are inevitably an integrated part of a bipolar electrolyzer with a common manifold system for distribution of the electrolyte in and out of the different cell compartments. Shunt-currents represent some extra challenges when operating alkaline water-electrolyzers (AWE) with renewable energy, both with respect to energy efficiency and reduced lifetime of electrodes. These challenges multiply for increasing length of the electrolyzer-stack and limits the number of cells in the stack. This paper will explain the challenges in more detail, how it limits the operation with renewables and what are the important design criteria to mitigate the impact of shunt-currents.
Relation between frailty and hypertension is partially mediated by physical activity among males and females in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Theou Olga
Published: May 2024

Longitudinally, our study demonstrates that higher baseline frailty levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension and heart disease in a large sample of Canadian males and females. Movement partially mediated this relationship, particularly among females.
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in ion channel conductance impacts substrate vulnerability to arrhythmia
Authors: Pullinger Taylor K. , Sobie Eric A.
Published: May 2024

We investigate the impact of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in ion channel conductance on substrate vulnerability to arrhythmia by measuring the vulnerable window duration in computational cardiomyocyte cable models. We demonstrate a wide range of intra-cable variability in vulnerable window duration (VWD) and show how this is changed by ion channel block and coupling strength perturbations.
Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Colon Polyps: A Case-Control Study in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Kuan-Fu , Chung Pei-Ying , Kuo Yu-Hung , Lai Shih-Wei
Published: May 2024

Objective. To investigate the potential association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and colon polyps in Taiwan. Methods. We utilized 2006–2015 claims data of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program as a data source. A case-control study was conducted, involving individuals 20 years or older with and without colon polyps. Cases comprised individuals diagnosed with colon polyps, identified through diagnosis codes. Controls were selected from individuals without colon polyps, matched to cases based on sex, age, and comorbidities. NAFLD was identified based on diagnosis codes. The logistic regression model with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to assess the association between NAFLD and colon polyps. Results. The study included 16,890 cases with colon polyps and 67,560 matched controls without colon polyps. The mean age was 57 years old and about 61% of study subjects were males. Among cases with colon polyps, 1.0% had a diagnosis of NAFLD, whereas only 0.4% exhibited NAFLD in the control group. After adjustment for confounding variables, a multivariable logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant association between NAFLD and colon polyps, with an odds ratio of 2.32 (95% CI = 1.91–2.82). Conclusion. This case-control study suggests a positive association between NAFLD and colon polyps. These results contribute to our understanding of the potential links between NAFLD and gastrointestinal health.
Brain Connectomics Improve the Prediction of High-Risk Depression Profiles in the First Year following Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Liang Mu Zi , Chen Peng , Tang Ying , Tang Xiao Na , Molassiotis Alex , Knobf M. Tish , Liu Mei Ling , Hu Guang Yun , Sun Zhe , Yu Yuan Liang , Ye Zeng Jie
Published: May 2024

Background. Prediction of high-risk depression trajectories in the first year following breast cancer diagnosis with fMRI-related brain connectomics is unclear. Methods. The Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) study is a multicenter trial in which 189/232 participants (81.5%) completed baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and four sequential assessments of depression (T0-T3). The latent growth mixture model (LGMM) was utilized to differentiate depression profiles (high vs. low risk) and was followed by multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to recognize distinct brain connectivity patterns. The incremental value of brain connectomics in the prediction model was also estimated. Results. Four depression profiles were recognized and classified into high-risk (delayed and chronic, 14.8% and 12.7%) and low-risk (resilient and recovery, 50.3% and 22.2%). Frontal medial cortex and frontal pole were identified as two important brain areas against the high-risk profile outcome. The prediction model achieved 16.82-76.21% in NRI and 12.63-50.74% in IDI when brain connectomics were included. Conclusion. Brain connectomics can optimize the prediction against high-risk depression profiles in the first year since breast cancer diagnoses.
Gastroscopy Yield in the Young: Comprehensive Assessment of Endoscopic and Histologic Findings—A Comparative Study
Authors: Abu Baker Fadi , Mari Amir , Gal Oren , Taher Randa , Nicola Dorin , Zahalka Majeed , Zeina Abdel-Rauf
Published: May 2024

Background. The escalating utilization of gastroscopy in young individuals necessitates an in-depth examination of its diagnostic yield and outcomes in this population. This study aims to investigate and compare various aspects of gastroscopy between young and older adults, shedding light on age-related differences in indications, endoscopic findings, histologic outcomes, and clinically significant findings (CSFs). Methods. A retrospective, large cohort study spanning five years, focused on consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy. We analyzed age subgroups, specifically categorizing patients into those aged 30 and below, 30–39, 40–49, and a control group aged 50 and above. The investigation aimed to compare various aspects of gastroscopy outcomes among these distinct age categories. Indication-based analyses were conducted to assess the yield and outcomes in these subgroups, focusing on CSFs and the number needed to investigate (NNTI). Results. A total of 1313 young patients aged 16–49 and 3396 controls aged 50 and above were included. Among the young patients, unspecified epigastric pain and dyspepsia emerged as a prevalent indication, accounting for 41.5% of cases. Endoscopic findings revealed a significantly higher diagnosis rate of gastritis than controls (48.2% vs. 35.7%; p<0.001). Histologic analysis demonstrated a substantially elevated rate of H. pylori-associated gastritis in the young (41.1% vs. 29%; p<0.001). Notably, although significantly lower than older controls, precancerous lesions were detected in 7.5% of young patients. CSFs’ diagnosis rate displayed a clear age-dependent increase. Particularly, gastroscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia were associated with higher CSF rates across all young-age subgroups. In multivariate analysis, age and indications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia were predictors of CSFs’ detection in young patients. Conclusion. This study comprehensively delineates various facets of gastroscopy in the young population, elucidating age and indication-specific patterns in endoscopic and histologic findings, and clinically significant outcomes.
Large-Scale Alternative Polyadenylation-Wide Association Studies to Identify Putative Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Guo Xingyi , Ping Jie , Yang Yaohua , Su Xinwan , Shu Xiao-Ou , Wen Wanqing , Chen Zhishan , Zhang Yunjing , Tao Ran , Jia Guochong , He Jingni , Cai Qiuyin , Zhang Qingrun , Giles Graham G. , Pearlman Rachel , Rennert Gad , Vodicka Pavel , Phipps Amanda , Gruber Stephen B. , Casey Graham , Peters Ulrike , Long Jirong , Lin Weiqiang , Zheng Wei
Published: May 2024

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) modulates mRNA processing in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′ UTR), affecting mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Research into genetically regulated APA has the potential to provide insights into cancer risk. In this study, we conducted large APA-wide association studies to investigate associations between APA levels and cancer risk. Genetic models were built to predict APA levels in multiple tissues using genotype and RNA sequencing data from 1,337 samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. Associations of genetically predicted APA levels with cancer risk were assessed by applying the prediction models to data from large genome-wide association studies of six common cancers among European ancestry populations: breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. A total of 58 risk genes (corresponding to 76 APA sites) were associated with at least one type of cancer, including 25 genes previously not linked to cancer susceptibility. Of the identified risk APAs, 97.4% and 26.3% were supported by 3′-UTR APA quantitative trait loci and colocalization analyses, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays for four selected putative regulatory 3′-UTR variants demonstrated that the risk alleles of 3′-UTR variants, rs324015 (STAT6), rs2280503 (DIP2B), rs1128450 (FBXO38), and rs145220637 (LDHA), significantly increased the posttranscriptional activities of their target genes compared with reference alleles. Furthermore, knockdown of the target genes confirmed their ability to promote proliferation and migration. Overall, this study provides insights into the role of APA in the genetic susceptibility to common cancers.

Significance: Systematic evaluation of associations of alternative polyadenylation with cancer risk reveals 58 putative susceptibility genes, highlighting the contribution of genetically regulated alternative polyadenylation of 3′UTRs to genetic susceptibility to cancer.
Supplementary Methods from Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Li Wanxin , Zhou Xuan , Yuan Shuai , Wang Lijuan , Yu Lili , Sun Jing , Chen Jie , Xiao Qian , Wan Zhongxiao , Zheng Ju-Sheng , Zhang Cai-Xia , Larsson Susanna C. , Farrington Susan M. , Law Philip , Houlston Richard S. , Tomlinson Ian , Ding Ke-Feng , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Methods shows the formulas for calculating F-statistics.
Table S5 from Trend in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in China, 2006–2030: A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort Modeling Study
Authors: Yuan Meiwen , Zhao Xuelian , Wang Honghao , Hu Shangying , Zhao Fanghui
Published: May 2024

Table S5 shows proportion of the annual number of deaths by age group between 2006 to 2016.
Figure S3 from Trend in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in China, 2006–2030: A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort Modeling Study
Authors: Yuan Meiwen , Zhao Xuelian , Wang Honghao , Hu Shangying , Zhao Fanghui
Published: May 2024

Figure S3 shows age-period-cohort effect on cervical cancer incidence rates in China between 2006 to 2016.
Supplementary Table 9 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sun Maxine , Cyr Marie-Christyne , Sandoval Johanna , Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Busque Lambert , Tardif Jean-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table 9: The effect of mosaic loss of Y chromosome on death of cardiovascular disease causes, coronary artery disease causes, from cancer and any cause of death
Supplementary Table 1 from Survival of Middle Eastern and North African Individuals Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in California
Authors: Zaki Timothy A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Chang Jenny , Murphy Caitlin C. , Anton-Culver Hoda
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table 1 provides treatment quality metrics for colon and rectal cancers using adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
Supplementary Table 5 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sun Maxine , Cyr Marie-Christyne , Sandoval Johanna , Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Busque Lambert , Tardif Jean-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table 5: Cox regression analyses evaluating the effect of mosaic chromosomal alterations on the risk of death of cardiovascular disease causes, coronary artery disease causes, from cancer, and any cause of death stratified by smoking status groups
Supplementary Table 14 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sun Maxine , Cyr Marie-Christyne , Sandoval Johanna , Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Busque Lambert , Tardif Jean-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table 14: Cox regression analyses of the effect of mosaic chromosomal alterations on the risk of death from cancer according to cancer type
Supplementary Table 12 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sun Maxine , Cyr Marie-Christyne , Sandoval Johanna , Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Busque Lambert , Tardif Jean-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Table 12: Cox regression analyses of the effect of mosaic chromosomal alterations on the risk of death of cardiovascular disease causes per cancer type
Supplemental Figure 1 from Measurement of Ovarian Tumor Immune Profiles by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Hathaway Cassandra A. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Fridley Brooke L. , Rosner Bernard , Saeed-Vafa Daryoush , Moran Segura Carlos , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Sasamoto Naoko , Terry Kathryn L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Townsend Mary K.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Figure 1 provides representative images from the T cell panel for high-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.
Supplemental Table 5 from Measurement of Ovarian Tumor Immune Profiles by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Hathaway Cassandra A. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Fridley Brooke L. , Rosner Bernard , Saeed-Vafa Daryoush , Moran Segura Carlos , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Sasamoto Naoko , Terry Kathryn L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Townsend Mary K.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 5 shows beta binomial models, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for marker positivity in the tumor, by population characteristics
Supplementary Materials and Methods from COVID-19 Outcomes by Cancer Status, Site, Treatment, and Vaccination
Authors: Salvatore Maxwell , Hu Miriam M. , Beesley Lauren J. , Mondul Alison M. , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Friese Christopher R. , Fritsche Lars G. , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2024

Additional description of methods including derivation of analytic cohort, description of the neighborhood disadvantage index, and additional details of statistical analyses for transparency, replicability, and reproducibility.
Supplementary Table 9 from Associations between MICA and MICB Genetic Variants, Protein Levels, and Colorectal Cancer: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Pankratz Nathan , Nelson Heather H. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Tang Weihong , Norby Faye L. , Ugoji Chinenye , Joshu Corinne E. , Gomez Christian R. , Couper David J. , Coresh Josef , Platz Elizabeth A. , Prizment Anna E.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 9 shows the associations between pre-selected SNPs and mean of Visit 2 and Visit 3 sMICA and sMICB levels (continuous variables).
Supplementary Figure S6 from COVID-19 Outcomes by Cancer Status, Site, Treatment, and Vaccination
Authors: Salvatore Maxwell , Hu Miriam M. , Beesley Lauren J. , Mondul Alison M. , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Friese Christopher R. , Fritsche Lars G. , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 hospitalization among cancer (n = 12,995) and non-cancer patients (n = 34,693) who tested positive and had non-missing covariates. The results were from the model logit P(YHospitalization = 1|X, Cancer, Covariate) = β0 + βXX + βCancerCancerStatus + βIntX × CancerStatus + βCovCovariate, where Covariate = Age + Race/Ethnicity + Sex + Disadvantage Index (quartile) + Comorbidity Score. Reference groups were age: 18 to 35, sex: female, BMI: 18.5 to 25, race: white/non-Hispanic, smoking status: never. A unit change in the continuous age variable is 10 years. The comorbidity score ranges from 0 to 6 and is the sum of indicators for presence of six categories of preexisting conditions in the electronic health record.
Supplementary Table 6 from Associations between MICA and MICB Genetic Variants, Protein Levels, and Colorectal Cancer: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Pankratz Nathan , Nelson Heather H. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Tang Weihong , Norby Faye L. , Ugoji Chinenye , Joshu Corinne E. , Gomez Christian R. , Couper David J. , Coresh Josef , Platz Elizabeth A. , Prizment Anna E.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 6 shows the associations of sMICA and sMICB levels (continuous variables) and pre-selected SNPsb with risk of CRC and subtypes of CRC.
Supplementary Table 5 from Associations between MICA and MICB Genetic Variants, Protein Levels, and Colorectal Cancer: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Pankratz Nathan , Nelson Heather H. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Tang Weihong , Norby Faye L. , Ugoji Chinenye , Joshu Corinne E. , Gomez Christian R. , Couper David J. , Coresh Josef , Platz Elizabeth A. , Prizment Anna E.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental table 5 shows the associations between pre-selected SNPs and risk of CRC with and without adjustment for sMICA and sMICB levels.
Supplementary Table 1 from Associations between MICA and MICB Genetic Variants, Protein Levels, and Colorectal Cancer: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Pankratz Nathan , Nelson Heather H. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Tang Weihong , Norby Faye L. , Ugoji Chinenye , Joshu Corinne E. , Gomez Christian R. , Couper David J. , Coresh Josef , Platz Elizabeth A. , Prizment Anna E.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 1 shows the results from previous studies that found significant associations between the pre-selected SNPs and risk of cancers or autoimmune diseases.
Data from Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Li Wanxin , Zhou Xuan , Yuan Shuai , Wang Lijuan , Yu Lili , Sun Jing , Chen Jie , Xiao Qian , Wan Zhongxiao , Zheng Ju-Sheng , Zhang Cai-Xia , Larsson Susanna C. , Farrington Susan M. , Law Philip , Houlston Richard S. , Tomlinson Ian , Ding Ke-Feng , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:
Human gut microbiome has complex relationships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis.
Methods:
Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabolites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human metabolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively.
Results:
Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (β = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gammaproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06×10−8), Enterobacteriaceae (β = 0.023, P = 1.29×10−5).
Conclusions:
We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colorectal cancer risk.
Impact:
This study highlights the need of future complementary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
An RCT of Two Interventions to Usual Care For Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Biederman E , Stump T , Monahan P , Champion V , Paskett E
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Rural women have increased incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC) compared to urban women indicating a lack of cervical cancer screening (CCS), an important component of CC control. The objective of this study was to examine the comparative effectiveness of a mailed DVD vs. DVD plus telephonic patient navigation (PN) vs. Usual Care (UC) for increasing the percentage of rural Midwestern women up to date (UTD) with 2018 United States Preventive Services Task Force CCS guidelines. Methods: As part of a larger study, 553 women (aged 50–74) who were not UTD for CCS were consented and randomized to one of the three study arms, DVD, DVD+PN, UC. Participants were assessed for baseline characteristics including sociodemographics, health status, and CCS beliefs by self-reported survey. Baseline and 12-month screening status were assessed by medical record review. Results: The mean age of participants was 59.8 years. When controlling for covariates in a logistic regression model, women had 4.52 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.09, 10.7, P < 0.001) greater odds of being UTD with CCS in the DVD + PN group vs. UC and 2.93 (95% CI = 1.63, 5.25, P < 0.001) greater odds of being UTD in the DVD + PN vs. DVD group. Other significant covariates included having higher odds (Odds Ratio [OR] = 4.76; 95% CI = 1.27, .33.33; P = 0.045) of becoming UTD if on private vs. public insurance; being normal (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.14, 6.37; P = 0.022) or underweight (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.12, 5.09; P = 0.024) vs. obese; and planning to have a Papanicolaou (Pap) test within the next six months (contemplation) (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.23, 4.08; P = 0.008). Conclusions: A PN plus an interactive DVD intervention significantly improved the proportion of Midwestern rural women who became UTD with CCS compared to UC. Certain groups of women may be more at risk for not obtaining a CCS such as those who are on public insurance, obese, and not planning CCS. Future interventions should focus on women with these characteristics to increase CCS rates. A limitation of this study is that behavioral variables, such as contemplation, were measured in relation to Pap testing and did not include human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. As HPV testing/co-testing becomes more widely used, future interventions should examine behaviors specific to this screening.
Developing Faith-Based Messaging and Materials for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Application of Boot Camp Translation Within the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Authors: Thompson JT , Rivelli JS , Johnson CA , Gautom P , Burns M , Schenk D , Levell C , Hayes N , Coronado GD
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the study: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death in Black and African American people in the United States. We created culturally appropriate and locally relevant faith-based CRC screening messages and materials for African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church communities in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods: We used boot camp translation (BCT), a validated community based participatory strategy, to elicit input from AME congregants to 1) develop faith-based CRC screening messages that resonate with the AME community and 2) identify the role of the church in bringing CRC information to the AME community. Eligible participants were members of the AME Atlanta East District churches, ages 45 to 75 years, and willing to participate in one 5-hour in-person meeting and two follow-up video-conferencing calls. The in-person session, conducted in the church sanctuary and fellowship hall, consisted of expert presentations by a national leader on colorectal cancer and screening, a local leader well-versed in barriers to screening and community resources, and a prominent figure within the church clergy. Additionally, we held interactive small group sessions to create messages and identify dissemination methods. Results: A total of 27 adults participated in the in-person session (17 women and 10 men). Participants preferred CRC screening messages that incorporated faith-based concepts including “honoring God by taking care of one's body”_ and “choosing faith over fear of screening.”_ Other key themes focused on increasing awareness and knowledge of CRC screening, taking control of one's own health, and sharing personal stories with one's community to reduce stigma and inspire action. Favored dissemination channels within the church were Sunday service, print (e.g., flyers, pamphlets, message cards) distributed at church, and digital materials (e.g., videos) shown during service. Desired community channels included cancer awareness events and social media platforms. Conclusions: Churches serve as key partners in delivering health information as they are among the most trusted institutions within the Black and African American community. Using BCT, we successfully incorporated participant feedback to create faith-based CRC screening messages and identified appropriate channels for sharing information within the AME community.
Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates Partially Explained By Differences in Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Sodipo MO , Rencsok E , Russo RG , Peisch SF , Gerke T , Giovannucci EL , Stopsack KH , Mucci LA
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Black individuals have 2.1 times higher prostate cancer mortality rates than White individuals in the United States. Several dietary and lifestyle factors may influence the risk of lethal prostate cancer. This study evaluated to what extent differences in the prevalence of these modifiable risk factors by race could explain racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality. Methods: We compared the prevalence of seven potentially modifiable risk factors for lethal prostate cancer among Black and White individuals, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study at two time points (1988–1994; 2017–2018). Relative risks for lethal prostate cancer were estimated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each factor by self-identified race, defined as the reduction in mortality that would be achieved if the population had been entirely unexposed, compared with the current exposure pattern. We also calculated the difference in the PAF between Black and White individuals, assuming causality of risk factors and no multiplicative effect measure modification by race. Results: Based on data from NHANES III (1988–1994), the largest prevalence differences between Black and White individuals were for vitamin D deficiency, current smoking, and coffee, respectively. Elimination of these risk factors among Black individuals could have led to a larger reduction in lethal prostate cancer in comparison to eliminating these same risk factors among White individuals. Given the prevalence of these risk factors in 2017–2018, current interventions on vitamin D deficiency, current smoking, and coffee could influence future PAF differences for lethal prostate cancer mortality among Black individuals compared to White individuals. Conclusions: Differences in the prevalence of some modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors are potentially responsible for a portion of the racial disparity in prostate cancer mortality.
Abstract A002: Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of Oncuria-Detect® for detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Sakatani Toru , Tanaka Sunao , Fujita Kazutoshi , Linehan Jennifer , Murakami Kaoru , Lee Riko , Pagano Ian , Rosser Charles , Furuya Hideki
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Objective: Due to insufficient accuracy, urine-based assays currently have a limited role in the management of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The application of a robust urine-based multiplex assay, Oncuria-Detect®, to aid in the detection of UTUC has the potential to address this deficiency and to assist with accurate, non-invasive diagnosis. Methods: To evaluate the performance of Oncuria-Detect®, a multiplex immunoassay capable of querying a voided urine sample for 10 protein biomarkers associated with urothelial carcinoma (A1AT, APOE, ANG, CA9, IL8, MMP9, MMP10, PAI1, SDC1 and VEGFA). Its application to UTUC was evaluated in a multi-institutional cohort of 35 prospectively collected subjects presenting for evaluation of upper tract mass along with 46 prospective collected matched controls (i.e., non-tumor bearing). The ability of the test to identify patients harboring UTUC was assessed. UTCU status was confirmed by endoscopy and tissue biopsy or definitive surgery. Diagnostic performance was assessed using ROC curves. Results: Oncuria-Detect® provided an AUC of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.807-0.964) with an overall sensitivity of 91.4%, specificity of 73.9%, NPV 91.9% and PPV 72.7%. Sensitivity values of the diagnostic panel for low-grade UTUC, high-grade UTUC, non-invasive UTUC and invasive UTUC were 86.7%, 90.9%, 88.9% and 94.1%, respectively. Urinary cytology or selective ureteral washing/cytology was associated with an overall sensitivity of 54.2%, specificity of 100%, NPV 63.3% and PPV 100%. Sensitivity values of cytology for low-grade UTUC, high-grade UTUC, non-invasive UTUC and invasive UTUC were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 77.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Urinary levels of a biomarker panel enabled the accurate discrimination of UTUC and controls non-tumor bearing individuals. The multiplex Oncuria-Detect® test can achieve the efficient and accurate detection of UTUC in a non-invasive patient setting.

Citation Format: Toru Sakatani, Sunao Tanaka, Kazutoshi Fujita, Jennifer Linehan, Kaoru Murakami, Riko Lee, Ian Pagano, Charles Rosser, Hideki Furuya. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of Oncuria-Detect® for detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A002.
Abstract B013: Novel prognostic score for patients with metastatic bladder cancer on immunotherapy
Authors: Chauhan Vishwani , Diaz Sofia Silva , Jara Pablo , Efovi Denis , Gurung Ayushma , Young Matthew , Wells Connor , Nally Elizabeth , Szabados Bernadett , Powles Thomas , Jackson-Spence Francesca
Published: May 2024

Background: Some patients with metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) have durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); others progress early while suffering from autoimmune toxicity. Currently there is no prognostic score or tumour marker to predict who will benefit from ICIs in bladder cancer. We designed a novel prognostic score to stratify response to ICIs in patients with mBC. Methods: We analysed data from patients with mBC receiving ICIs as second- or later-line treatment between 2013–2023. We assessed key patient characteristics and their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression methods (retained if p<0.05). Variables independently correlated with OS and PFS on multivariate analysis were selected to create a new scoring model. Radiological response to ICIs was assessed. C-statistic was calculated to assess the model’s fit. Results: 149 patients with mBC were identified as having received second- or later-line ICIs. Median OS was 9.3 months and PFS 2.5 months. On multivariate analysis, absent liver and bone metastases, haemoglobin≥100g/L, ALP≤130 unit/L, NLR>5, and time from last therapy ≥6 months were independently associated with improved OS and PFS. Using these variables, we created a 3-tier model that strongly correlated with OS (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.4, p<0.001) and PFS (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.0, p<0.001). Median OS for patients with 0-1, 2 and 3-5 risk factors was 24.2, 6.7, and 2.4 months, respectively. Complete or partial response was seen in 45.8%, 21.2%, and 6.5%, respectively. Disease control was seen in 62.5%, 39.4%, and 10.9% respectively. This model achieved a C-statistic of 0.70 (95% CI 0.65-0.75). Conclusions: ICIs with enfortumab vedotin will become first-line therapy for most patients with mBC. We used routinely available metrics to develop a new 3-tier model that strongly stratifies outcomes of patients with mBC receiving second- or later-line ICIs. The model requires external validation.

Citation Format: Vishwani Chauhan, Sofia Silva Diaz, Pablo Jara, Denis Efovi, Ayushma Gurung, Matthew Young, Connor Wells, Elizabeth Nally, Bernadett Szabados, Thomas Powles, Francesca Jackson-Spence. Novel prognostic score for patients with metastatic bladder cancer on immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B013.
Configuración del sujeto político: hacia un modelo conceptual
Authors: Sánchez Pilonieta Alfonso
Published: May 2024

Este documento presenta las elaboraciones conceptuales del equipo interdisciplinario de la Línea de Socialización Política del CINDE, durante el transcurso de la Maestría en Desarrollo Educativo y Social (cohorte 17: 2006-2008), a partir de la comprensión de los procesos de Socialización Política, y en referencia a las dimensiones que se pueden enunciar como indicadores de configuración de un Sujeto político. Se plantea la discusión sobre las posibilidades de verificación de los procesos de subjetivación y las manifestaciones de participación y empoderamiento frente a los retos del desarrollo humano contemporáneo. Finalmente, se proponen algunas consideraciones para el “diseño” de un modelo o instrumento conceptual que permita la confrontación de sus propias categorías y dé bases para posteriores investigaciones de la Línea