bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios of Type 2 Quasars
Authors: Kong Minzhi , Ho Luis C.
Published: May 2018

Type 2 quasars are an important constituent of active galaxies, possibly representing the evolutionary precursors of traditionally studied type 1 quasars. We characterize the black hole (BH) mass (M
BH) and Eddington ratio (L
bol/L
Edd) for 669 type 2 quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, using BH masses estimated from the M
BH–σ
* relation and bolometric corrections scaled from the extinction-corrected [O iii] λ5007 luminosity. When stellar velocity dispersions cannot be measured directly from the spectra, we estimate them from the core velocity dispersions of the narrow emission lines [O ii] λλ3726, 3729, [S ii] λλ6716, 6731, and [O iii] λ5007, which are shown to trace the gravitational potential of the stars. Energy input from the active nucleus still imparts significant perturbations to the gas kinematics, especially to high-velocity, blueshifted wings. Nonvirial motions in the gas become most noticeable in systems with high Eddington ratios. The BH masses of our sample of type 2 quasars range from M
BH ≈ 106.5 to 1010.4
M
⊙ (median 108.2
M
⊙). Type 2 quasars have characteristically large Eddington ratios (L
bol/L
Edd ≈ 10−2.9–101.8; median 10−0.7), slightly higher than in type 1 quasars of similar redshift; the luminosities of ∼20% of the sample formally exceed the Eddington limit. The high Eddington ratios may be consistent with the notion that obscured quasars evolve into unobscured quasars.
Alignment between Satellite and Central Galaxies in the SDSS DR7: Dependence on Large-scale Environment
Authors: Wang Peng , Luo Yu , Kang Xi , Libeskind Noam I. , Wang Lei , Zhang Youcai , Tempel Elmo , Guo Quan
Published: May 2018

The alignment between satellites and central galaxies has been studied in detail both in observational and theoretical works. The widely accepted fact is that satellites preferentially reside along the major axis of their central galaxy. However, the origin and large-scale environmental dependence of this alignment are still unknown. In an attempt to determine these variables, we use data constructed from Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 to investigate the large-scale environmental dependence of this alignment with emphasis on examining the alignment’s dependence on the color of the central galaxy. We find a very strong large-scale environmental dependence of the satellite–central alignment (SCA) in groups with blue centrals. Satellites of blue centrals in knots are preferentially located perpendicular to the major axes of the centrals, and the alignment angle decreases with environment, namely, when going from knots to voids. The alignment angle strongly depends on the

color of centrals. We suggest that the SCA is the result of a competition between satellite accretion within large-scale structure (LSS) and galaxy evolution inside host halos. For groups containing red central galaxies, the SCA is mainly determined by the evolution effect, while for blue central dominated groups, the effect of the LSS plays a more important role, especially in knots. Our results provide an explanation for how the SCA forms within different large-scale environments. The perpendicular case in groups and knots with blue centrals may also provide insight into understanding similar polar arrangements, such as the formation of the Milky Way and Centaurus A’s satellite system.
Planet-driven Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks. I. Formation Mechanism
Authors: Bae Jaehan , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: May 2018

Protoplanetary disk simulations show that a single planet can excite more than one spiral arm, possibly explaining the recent observations of multiple spiral arms in some systems. In this paper, we explain the mechanism by which a planet excites multiple spiral arms in a protoplanetary disk. Contrary to previous speculations, the formation of both primary and additional arms can be understood as a linear process when the planet mass is sufficiently small. A planet resonantly interacts with epicyclic oscillations in the disk, launching spiral wave modes around the Lindblad resonances. When a set of wave modes is in phase, they can constructively interfere with each other and create a spiral arm. More than one spiral arm can form because such constructive interference can occur for different sets of wave modes, with the exact number and launching position of the spiral arms being dependent on the planet mass as well as the disk temperature profile. Nonlinear effects become increasingly important as the planet mass increases, resulting in spiral arms with stronger shocks and thus larger pitch angles. This is found to be common for both primary and additional arms. When a planet has a sufficiently large mass (≳3 thermal masses for (h/r)
p
 = 0.1), only two spiral arms form interior to its orbit. The wave modes that would form a tertiary arm for smaller mass planets merge with the primary arm. Improvements in our understanding of the formation of spiral arms can provide crucial insights into the origin of observed spiral arms in protoplanetary disks.
Simulation of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Increase in 2014 and Its Effect on Energetic Neutral Atom Fluxes from the Heliosphere
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Heerikhuisen J. , McComas D. J. , Pogorelov N. V. , Reisenfeld D. B. , Szalay J. R.
Published: May 2018

In late 2014, the solar wind dynamic pressure increased by ∼50% over a relatively short time (∼6 months). In early 2017, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observed an increase in heliospheric energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes from directions near the front of the heliosphere. These enhanced ENA emissions resulted from the increase in SW pressure propagating through the inner heliosheath (IHS), affecting the IHS plasma pressure and emission of ∼keV ENA fluxes. We expand on the analysis by McComas et al. on the effects of this pressure change on ENA fluxes observed at 1 au using a three-dimensional, time-dependent simulation of the heliosphere. The pressure front has likely already crossed the termination shock (TS) in all directions, but ENA fluxes observed at 1 au will change over the coming years, as the TS, heliopause, and IHS plasma pressure continue to change in response to the SW pressure increase. Taken in isolation, the pressure front creates a “ring” of increasing ENA fluxes projected in the sky that expands in angular radius over time, as a function of the distances to the heliosphere boundaries and the ENA propagation speed. By tracking the position of this ring over time in our simulation, we demonstrate a method for estimating the distances to the TS, heliopause, and ENA source region that can be applied to IBEX data. This will require IBEX observations at 4.3 keV up through ∼2020, and longer times at lower ENA energies, in order to observe significant changes from the heliotail.
Species Entropies in the Kinetic Range of Collisionless Plasma Turbulence: Particle-in-cell Simulations
Authors: Gary S. Peter , Zhao Yinjian , Hughes R. Scott , Wang Joseph , Parashar Tulasi N.
Published: May 2018

Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the forward cascade of decaying turbulence in the relatively short-wavelength kinetic range have been carried out as initial-value problems on collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized electron-ion plasma models. The simulations have addressed both whistler turbulence at β

i
 = β

e
 = 0.25 and kinetic Alfvén turbulence at β

i
= β

e
= 0.50, computing the species energy dissipation rates as well as the increase of the Boltzmann entropies for both ions and electrons as functions of the initial dimensionless fluctuating magnetic field energy density ε

o
in the range 0 ≤ ε

o
 ≤ 0.50. This study shows that electron and ion entropies display similar rates of increase and that all four entropy rates increase approximately as ε

o
, consistent with the assumption that the quasilinear premise is valid for the initial conditions assumed for these simulations. The simulations further predict that the time rates of ion entropy increase should be substantially greater for kinetic Alfvén turbulence than for whistler turbulence.
A Simplified Ab Initio Cosmic-ray Modulation Model with Simulated Time Dependence and Predictive Capability
Authors: Moloto K. D. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Burger R. A.
Published: May 2018

A simplified ab initio approach is followed to model cosmic-ray proton modulation, using a steady-state three-dimensional stochastic solver of the Parker transport equation that simulates some effects of time dependence. Standard diffusion coefficients based on Quasilinear Theory and Nonlinear Guiding Center Theory are employed. The spatial and temporal dependences of the various turbulence quantities required as inputs for the diffusion, as well as the turbulence-reduced drift coefficients, follow from parametric fits to results from a turbulence transport model as well as from spacecraft observations of these turbulence quantities. Effective values are used for the solar wind speed, magnetic field magnitude, and tilt angle in the modulation model to simulate temporal effects due to changes in the large-scale heliospheric plasma. The unusually high cosmic-ray intensities observed during the 2009 solar minimum follow naturally from the current model for most of the energies considered. This demonstrates that changes in turbulence contribute significantly to the high intensities during that solar minimum. We also discuss and illustrate how this model can be used to predict future cosmic-ray intensities, and comment on the reliability of such predictions.
A new species of Malletia (Bivalvia, Malletiidae) and new records of deep-water bivalves from Pacific Southern Colombia
Authors: Suárez-Mozo Nancy Yolimar , Gracia Adriana , Valentich-Scott Paul
Published: May 2018

In order to enhance the understanding of Pacific Colombia’s deep-water marine fauna, a benthic research cruise (2012 TUM Offshore 6 and 7) was conducted off the coast of the Department of Nariño, in southern Colombia. Biological, oceanographic and sediment samples from the continental shelf and slope were collected at depths between 350 and 941 m. A new species of Malletia obtained on that cruise is described and compared with other species from the eastern Pacific. Sixteen species of bivalve mollusks (belonging to 12 families and 15 genera) were identified. Five of them were the first records for Pacific Colombia (Jupiterialobula, Limatulasaturna, Lucinomaheroica, Cuspidariapanamensis, and Dallicordiaalaskana). Four of them had geographic distributions that now extend to Tumaco at the southern end of Nariño.
A new species of Dicranocentrus Schött from Hainan (China) with a key to the Chinese species of the genus (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Authors: Ren Yuanhao , Li Zhaohui , Zhang Feng
Published: May 2018

A new species,DicranocentrushainanicusRen & Zhang,sp. n., is described from Hainan Province, China. Complete tergal chaetotaxy including microchaetae is illustrated and discussed. It is characterized by having the dental spines arranged in 2–3 rows, two inner teeth on unguis, 5, 2, 2 central macrochaetae on Abd. I–III, two inner S-chaetae on Abd. V displaced anteriorly, and the additional microchaetae associated with the S-chaeta acc.p6 on Th. II–Abd. II. It is most similar toD.chenaeMa, Chen & Soto-Adames but differs from the latter in the number and arrangement of dental spines and the absence of macrochaeta Pa1 on dorsal head. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is provided.
Value-Based Academic Partnerships
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: May 2018

Education needs for workforce development may seem to be in conflict with available resources and plans. Taking a new approach to partnership for educational affiliations can breathe new life into partnerships by focusing on shared values, proven evidence about learner needs and commitment to innovation, and cooperating in new ways.
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(6):248–250.
Psychometric Properties of the Problem Solving Inventory in Caregivers of Individuals With Memory Loss
Authors: Ji Meihua , Sereika Susan M. , Rohay Jeffrey M. , Erlen Judith A.
Published: May 2018

Limited research exists assessing problem-solving capabilities among caregivers of individuals with memory loss using a validated instrument. To address this gap, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) using data at baseline and 8 weeks from a randomized controlled trial among caregivers (
N
= 78) of community-dwelling individuals with memory loss. Participants were mainly White (85.9%), female (71.8%), and on average age 66.5. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.84 to 0.92 for the subscales and overall PSI. Test–retest reliability over 8 weeks ranged from 0.44 to 0.56. Five factors were retained through exploratory factor analysis. Spearman's correlations showed convergent validity and discriminant validity between scores on the PSI and Beck Depression Inventory®-II (
r
= 0.32,
p
< 0.01), the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (
r
= −0.44,
p
< 0.001), and the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire (
r
= −0.07,
p
> 0.05). Findings show that the PSI is reliable and valid in assessing problem-solving capabilities among caregivers of individuals with memory loss. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(6), 25–32.]
Aberrant Right Vertebral Artery with a Diverticulum of Kommerell: Review of a Rare Aortic Arch Anomaly
Authors: Goldbach Alyssa Rae , Dass Chandra , Surapaneni Krishna
Published: May 2018

The normal aortic arch branching pattern is of a three-vessel arch with the vertebral arteries arising from the subclavian arteries. There are a variety of well-known symptomatic and asymptomatic aortic branching patterns widely reported in the literature. An anomalous right vertebral artery with a diverticulum of Kommerell is an extremely rare variant, with few other cases reported in the literature. Herein, we review the embryology of the aortic arch and vertebral artery, the various types of Kommerell's diverticula and the clinical significance of this anomaly.
Livre culte, livre maudit : Histoire du Devoir de violence de Yambo Ouologuem
Authors: Orban Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2018

En septembre 1968, paraît aux Éditions du Seuil le roman d’un jeune Malien inconnu de vingt-huit ans : Yambo Ouologuem. Le 18 novembre suivant, Le Devoir de violence obtient le premier prix Renaudot attribué à un écrivain africain. Son succès est rapide et, traduit dans dix langues, l’ouvrage dépasse les frontières, des États-Unis au Japon. Mais le 5 mai 1972, le Times Literary Supplement (TLS) londonien accuse l’auteur de plagiat à l’encontre de l’écrivain britannique Graham Greene. Un scandale éclate. Il poursuivra Yambo Ouologuem jusqu’à sa mort en 2017. Cinquante ans après la première édition du Devoir de violence et alors que le roman reparaît au Seuil dans la collection « Cadre Rouge » qui l’avait accueilli à l’origine, quarante-six ans, mois pour mois, après le début de l’« Affaire Ouologuem » dans le TLS, qu’en est-il du bien ou mal-fondé des rumeurs qui ont surgi, en sens divers, sur la genèse et le traitement éditorial de ce livre culte devenu livre maudit ? S’appuyant sur le seul dossier solide à ce jour, celui des archives du Seuil déposées à l’IMEC (Institut Mémoires de l’Édition contemporaine) et rendues publiques pour la première fois, cette étude vise à relater, sur la seule base des documents disponibles, en réduisant au minimum les extrapolations risquées et les interprétations hâtives, l’histoire du Devoir de violence et, à travers elle, de son auteur, depuis ses premières approches des Éditions du Seuil en 1963 jusqu’à sa retraite définitive au Mali vers 1976. Et son enfermement dans le silence public.
The Importance of Process Improvement in Web-Based Projects
Authors: Al-Rousan Thamer , Abualese Hasan
Published: May 2018

Process improvement in web-based projects is of growing concern for many reasons including successful delivery of projects. Web application development companies are reluctant to adapt process improvement models and methods because of their complex structure and difficult implementation methods. It has been observed that improvement efforts in web application development companies based on process improvement frameworks which are designed for large organizations fail most of the time. This study attempts to evaluate the suitability of different software process improvement models to meet the special characteristics and requirements for the web-based projects.
Miaoxia Community Kitchen
Authors: Hasdell Peter , Ku Hok Bun , Kuo Jze Yi
Published: May 2018

The collaborative research in rural Sichuan involved two disciplines: the applied social sciences and spatial design and their research methodologies and action research provided the “software” as community engagement and social organization and the development design “hardware” outcomes through participatory design processes. This resulted in a community kitchen that enabled villagers to develop social enterprises and collective organizations. The outcomes produced greater cohesiveness and self-organization, helping to rejuvenate a stagnant village. The repositioning of design within dynamic social processes as a socio-material assembly or as design together with its social attributes, expands the idea that the participatory design can be a complex adaptive system of knowledge generation. This has broader implications in outlining how collaborative social design approaches positively impact sustainable rural development, generating an understanding of resources, capacities, and capabilities as local knowledge ecologies, and tools of social innovation and change.
Designing Future Livelihoods
Authors: Shah Tamanna M.
Published: May 2018

As one of the oldest cottage industries of India, the bamboo crafts are an important source of livelihood for the tribal societies in Northeast India. With the advent of globalization, new spheres of networking and market opened up making it hard for the traditional artisans to compete with the global sellers. With no value addition, the products sold by the artisans were undervalued in the global market. Gradually, artisans adopted newer means of producing these traditional goods, which involved both process and product innovation. In order to protect indigenous knowledge base and tradition, Tripura Bamboo Mission was introduced as a successful sustainable livelihood model. It is based on a cluster approach that innovatively transforms a subsistence crop into an essential source of livelihood. This chapter reflects on the sustainable value of the TBM design and the impact of collaboration on the community and productivity of tribal artisans. It also highlights the socio-cultural value addition to the community and the sustainability value of the cluster design.
Design Freedom
Authors: Perez Yael Valerie
Published: May 2018

Against the backdrop of increasing recognition of the social and cultural pillar of sustainable development, this chapter advances the notion of design freedom as a conceptual and methodological tool for deepening our commitments towards participatory and emancipatory design. Drawing from Sen's development as freedom approach, design freedom is broadly defined as a process that identifies opportunities for people to ameliorate their life conditions. In addition to enabling sustainability, design freedom is also a transformative process in and of itself, expanding opportunities of all participants in the process. As such, it augments the subfield of design methods adding processual consideration to its instrumental orientation. The chapter offers an illustration of the potential of design freedom as research and action approach by presenting a case study of co-design with the Pinoleville Pomo Nation tribe in California. This design freedom project identified and fostered three key capacities for community flourishing: distributed agency, expressive materials, and effective form.
Policies, Programs, and Schemes for the Elderly in India
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Raju S. Siva
Published: May 2018

Till the end of the twentieth century, aging was considered an issue of the developed countries. However, given the rapidly aging population in developing countries, coupled with the rapidly changing socio-economic and cultural contexts like urbanization, increasing women participation, individualism, and nuclear families, it has been acknowledged that aging poses greater challenge to these countries owing to resource constrains and lack of political commitment. India is undergoing a rapid demographic transition with 104 million older adults in 2011, which is projected to triple by 2050. This transition poses challenges for the health and social systems, and there is an urgent need to strengthen these system with inclusive policies and developmental approaches. This chapter highlights population aging issues and initiatives undertaken to address aging issues in India by critically reviewing the efforts made at global as well as national levels over the years against emerging challenges.
Religiosity and Attitude in the Face of Death in Brazilian Elderly
Authors: Freitas Marta Helena , Fukuda Claudia Cristina , Alves Vicente Paulo , Gomes Lucy de Oliveira
Published: May 2018

This chapter investigated possible links between religious motivations, attitudes, and coping in the face of death in Brazil. The participants included 478 people aged between 41 and 100 years, most of them women (77.82%). It employed the religious orientation scale (31 items), religious coping scale (33 items), and scale of attitudes in the face of death (46 items). Data were analyzed by means Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson), analysis of variance (ANOVA), exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha). The overall survey results are presented in two large blocks. The first describes the correlations between the factors of religious coping, religious orientation, and attitudes in the face of death. The second presents the relationship between elderly's socio-biographical characteristics (age, income, education, gender, religion, and marital status), guidance and religious coping factors, and attitudes in the face of death. Finally, the authors discuss the results and their implications for the elderly.
That's My Space
Authors: Lutwama-Rukundo Evelyn , Kabonesa Consolata , Nsibirano Ruth
Published: May 2018

Age is critical as a resource in a theatrical career, for it offers the energy and looks necessary for drawing audiences and attracting financial supporters to sustain one's career and socio-economic survival. The discussion in this chapter aims at establishing the experiential differences of male and female theatre performers concerning the effects of the aging process on their theatrical careers. It concentrates on Kampala-based theatre performers as respondents. The discussion emphasizes “the process” of aging, in other words, the addition of years to one's life and to his or her career, rather than the state of being “old.” Using Amartya Sen's conceptualization of development, the chapter explores how aging in some ways opens up socio-economic opportunities for some Ugandan theatre performers and yet for others it brings about greater constraints to their socio-economic survival in the industry. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with five male and five female respondents. It reflected that in general aging is more constraining than rewarding to a theatrical career. Female more than male theatre performers feel the brunt of its negative effect because of existing gendered stereotypes and perceptions tainted with gender discrimination.
Socio-Psychological Complexities of Aging in Hill Areas of Upper Kedar Valley of Indian Mid-Central Himalayas
Authors: Nautiyal Annpurna , Bhatt Girish
Published: May 2018

Under the changing socio-economic, cultural, and lifestyle norms, aging has become a global issue. With the advances in healthcare, medical facilities, social security, standard of living, and reduction in mortality rates, the global elderly population is increasing, but their psycho-social problems are also increasing. Indian society like societies of the developed world is also undergoing a transformation due to the forces of rapid modernization, globalization, urbanization, industrialization, and technological innovations. While the communication and information revolution has turned the world into a level playing field, the same forces have also been changing the architecture of the traditional family system and its values in India. This chapter studies the peculiarities of Uttarakhand and was conducted in seven disaster-affected villages of the Upper Kedar Valley of Garhwal Himalayas. Sixty-two respondents of all group population in 60-plus age were selected randomly for assessing the economic, psychological, emotional, and social vulnerabilities, problems, and challenges.
Innovative Features and Applications Provided by a Large-Area Sensor Floor
Authors: Steinhage Axel , Lauterbach Christl , Techmer Axel , Hoffmann Raoul , Sousa Miguel
Published: May 2018

The following chapter describes new functions and applications that the authors have developed for the capacitive sensor system SensFloor® during the last five years. Some of these features have already found their way into the market while others are still in the research phase. From the first large-scale installations in 2012 up to now, the focus was put on applications for healthcare and ambient assisted living (AAL). However, as will be described later in this chapter, the authors have realized projects in many other domains as well, such as medical assessments, retail, security, and multimedia. The chapter starts out with a description of the underlying technology. After that, examples of the various domains of application are presented. The authors conclude with a summary and future research plans.
A Tour of Lattice-Based Skyline Algorithms
Authors: Endres Markus , Rudenko Lena
Published: May 2018

A skyline query retrieves all objects in a dataset that are not dominated by other objects according to some given criteria. There exist many skyline algorithms which can be classified into generic, index-based, and lattice-based algorithms. This chapter takes a tour through lattice-based skyline algorithms. It summarizes the basic concepts and properties, presents high-performance parallel approaches, shows how one overcomes the low-cardinality restriction of lattice structures, and finally presents an application on data streams for real-time skyline computation. Experimental results on synthetic and real datasets show that lattice-based algorithms outperform state-of-the-art skyline techniques, and additionally have a linear runtime complexity.
Application of Statistical Modelling and Evolutionary Optimization Tools in Resin-Bonded Molding Sand System
Authors: Chate Ganesh R. , G. C. Manjunath Patel , Parappagoudar Mahesh B. , Deshpande Anand S.
Published: May 2018

Trial-and-error methods in foundries to determine optimum molding sand properties consume more time and result in reduced productivity, high rejection, and cost. Hence, current research is focused towards development and application of modelling and optimization tools. In foundry, there is requirement of mound properties with conflicting nature (that is, minimize: gas evolution and collapsibility; maximize: compression strength, mound hardness, and permeability) and determining best combination among them is often a difficult task. Optimization of resin-bonded molding sand system is discussed in this book chapter. Six different case studies are considered by assigning different combination of weight fractions for multiple objective functions and corresponding desirability (Do) values are determined for DFA, GA, PSO, and MOPSO-CD. The obtained highest desirability value is considered as the optimum solution. Better performance of non-traditional tools might be due to parallel computing approach. GA and PSO have yielded almost similar results, whereas MOPSO-CD produced better results.
Deep Model Framework for Ontology-Based Document Clustering
Authors: Sridevi U. K. , Shanthi P. , Nagaveni N.
Published: May 2018

Searching of relevant documents from the web has become more challenging due to the rapid growth in information. Although there is enormous amount of information available online, most of the documents are uncategorized. It is a time-consuming task for the users to browse through a large number of documents and search for information about the specific topics. The automatic clustering from these documents could be important and has great potential to improve the efficiency of information seeking behaviors. To address this issue, the authors propose a deep ontology-based approach to document clustering. The obtained results are encouraging and in implementation annotation rules are used. The work compared the information extraction capabilities of annotated framework of using ontology and without using ontology. The increase in F-measure is achieved when ontology as the distance measure. The improvement of 11% is achieved by ontology in comparison with keyword search.
Clustering Techniques for Content-Based Feature Extraction From Image
Authors: Kharat Madan U. , Dahake Ranjana P. , Metre Kalpana V.
Published: May 2018

Image retrieval is gaining significant attention in areas such as surveillance, access control, etc. The content-based feature extraction plays a very crucial role in image retrieval. For the characterization of a specific image, mainly three features (i.e., color, texture, and shape) are used. Multimedia can store text, image, audio, and video which can be processed and retrieved. The various techniques are used for image retrieval such as textual annotations, content-based image retrieval in many application areas like medical imaging, satellite imaging, etc. However, most of these techniques were designed for specific domains and universally accepted method is yet to be designed; hence, CBIR is a field of active research. Similar output images indicate efficiency of search and retrieval process. In this chapter, the authors have discussed various image feature extraction techniques and clustering approaches for content-based feature extraction from image and specifically focused on color based CBIR techniques.
Machine-Learning-Based External Plagiarism Detecting Methodology From Monolingual Documents
Authors: Bose Saugata , Korpal Ritambhra
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, an initiative is proposed where natural language processing (NLP) techniques and supervised machine learning algorithms have been combined to detect external plagiarism. The major emphasis is on to construct a framework to detect plagiarism from monolingual texts by implementing n-gram frequency comparison approach. The framework is based on 120 characteristics which have been extracted during pre-processing steps using simple NLP approach. Afterward, filter metrics has been applied to select most relevant features and supervised classification learning algorithm has been used later to classify the documents in four levels of plagiarism. Then, confusion matrix was built to estimate the false positives and false negatives. Finally, the authors have shown C4.5 decision tree-based classifier's suitability on calculating accuracy over naive Bayes. The framework achieved 89% accuracy with low false positive and false negative rate and it shows higher precision and recall value comparing to passage similarities method, sentence similarity method, and search space reduction method.
Segmentation of Multiple Touching Hand Written Devnagari Compound Characters
Authors: Yawalkar Prashant Madhukar , Kharat Madan Uttamrao , Gumaste Shyamrao V.
Published: May 2018

One of the most widely used steps in the process of reducing images to information is segmentation, which divides the image into regions that hopefully correspond to structural units in the scene or distinguish objects of interest. Segmentation is often described by analogy to visual processes as a foreground/background separation, implying that the selection procedure concentrates on a single kind of feature and discards the rest. Machine-printed or hand-drawn scripts can have various font types or writing styles. The writing styles can be roughly categorized into discrete style (handprint or boxed style), continuous style (cursive style), and mixed style. We can see that the ambiguity of character segmentation has three major sources: (1) variability of character size and inter character space; (2) confusion between inter character and within-character space; and (3) touching between characters.
Detecting and Tracking Segmentation of Moving Objects Using Graph Cut Algorithm
Authors: Pandian Raviraj , Ramya A.
Published: May 2018

Real-time moving object detection, classification, and tracking capabilities are presented with system operates on both color and gray-scale video imagery from a stationary camera. It can handle object detection in indoor and outdoor environments and under changing illumination conditions. Object detection in a video is usually performed by object detectors or background subtraction techniques. The proposed method determines the threshold automatically and dynamically depending on the intensities of the pixels in the current frame. In this method, it updates the background model with learning rate depending on the differences of the pixels in the background model of the previous frame. The graph cut segmentation-based region merging algorithm approaches achieve both segmentation and optical flow computation accurately and they can work in the presence of large camera motion. The algorithm makes use of the shape of the detected objects and temporal tracking results to successfully categorize objects into pre-defined classes like human, human group, and vehicle.
Application of Object Recognition With Shape-Index Identification and 2D Scale Invariant Feature Transform for Key-Point Detection
Authors: Chowdhary Chiranji Lal
Published: May 2018

Humans make object recognition look inconsequential. In this chapter, scale-invariant feature extraction and shape-index depiction are used on a range of images for identifying objects. The shape-index is attained and used as a local descriptor or key-point descriptor. First surface properties for shape index identification and second as 2D scale invariant feature transformed for key-point detection and feature extraction. The object recognition classification is compared results with shape-index identification and 2D scale-invariant feature transform for key-point detection with SIFT and SURF. The authors are using images from the ImageNet dataset, and with use of shift-index + SIFT descriptors, they are finding better accuracy at the classification stage.
Interactions Between Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Indices
Authors: Christopoulos Apostolos G. , Demiroglou Nikolaos , Dokas Ioannis G.
Published: May 2018

The relationship between the performance of capital markets and changes in several macroeconomic variables has worried many researchers over time. This chapter focuses on two main areas: 1) the analysis of the behavior of per capita consumption and private investment expenditure using the model ARMA (m, n), and the impact of economic crisis on them, and 2) the examination of causal relationships between key macro-variables and selected key stock exchange indices. The analysis is carried out for the period 1995-2013 for Germany, Denmark, and Spain, which were selected on the basis of their economic position (GDP) in the European Union (E.U.). From the research, the authors found that the crisis of 2008-2009 had effects on households and businesses, which reduced their planning horizon with respect to consumption and investment. Regarding the second part of this study, the authors used the Granger causality test to find that the stock index DAX of Germany determines, to some extent, the changes in macroeconomic variables.
The Impact of Capital Controls on the Use of Electronic Means of Payments (EMPs) in Greece
Authors: Giannopoulos Nikolaos , Hyz Alina
Published: May 2018

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the evolution of the use of electronic means of payments (EMPs) in Greece during the years of capital controls and the prospects created for the Greek banking market and economy from their use. More generally, the authors try to analyze the level of reaction of the real economy to an extreme economic event, coupled with the subsequent development of trends. The introduction of capital controls in Greece in 2015 has led to significant changes in consumers' behavior including the evolution of the means of payment. In this study, the authors analyze initially the penetration of EMPs in Greece during the years before capital controls, then they focus on the current situation and the estimation for the future. They describe the policy followed by the state and measures taken by the Greek banks to encourage the wider use of electronic means of payments.
Banks, Stock Markets, and Growth Relationships in the EU28 Countries
Authors: Georgantopoulos Andreas G. , Filos Ioannis , Poutos Evangelos I.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the impact of banks and stock markets on economic growth for a panel that includes the 28 EU member states. The originality of this study lies in that it tests these relationships by employing sub-regional panels based on the geographical distribution of EU countries and by clustering EU member states in Eurozone and non-Euro countries. Results support the stock market-led growth hypothesis only for the case of the full sample panel. Furthermore, both the full panel results and Eurozone panel results fail to support the bank credit-led growth hypothesis. These results are inconsistent with other studies, which however employ only full regional panels.
The Impact of Economic Sentiment, Consumer, Producer and Investor's Confidence Indices on Stock Returns of the Listed Companies in FTSE-20 in Greece
Authors: Cantzos Constantine , Kalantonis Petros , Papagrigoriou Aristidis , Theotokas Stefanos
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the relationship between stock returns of companies listed in the FTSE-20 on the Athens Exchange and behavioral indicators. The research is based on the behavioral APT model, which examines stock returns' risk factors through the involvement of macroeconomic variables and behavioral indicators. The data is the closing price of 17 shares listed in the FTSE-20 index, a number of macroeconomic variables, and a series of behavioral indicators for the period of January 2001-December 2014. Regressions were conducted with dependent variable stock returns of a portfolio invested equally in these 17 stocks. In addition, the research tests the existence of long-run and short-run equilibrium and causality. The change in the industrial production index along with the risk premium have a positive and significant impact on the portfolio returns. Johansen's test showed that there is a long-run equilibrium between stock returns, macroeconomic variables, and behavioral indicators. The VECM and VAR models showed that there is not long and short-run causality, not even Granger causality. No similar research has been conducted in Greece, thus it fills a literature gap.
Correlations Between Awareness of Green Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, Product Image, Corporate Reputation, and Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd , Suki Norbayah Mohd
Published: May 2018

This research aims to assess the correlations between awareness of green marketing, corporate social responsibility (CSR), product image, corporate reputation and consumer purchase intentions toward green products. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection among a set of 250 respondents located at the Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia, who had purchased green products over the last six months. Pearson correlation values revealed that awareness of green marketing, corporate social responsibility, product image, and corporate reputation are significantly associated with consumer purchase intentions of green products. Indeed, CSR has the strongest linkage with significant positive correlation coefficients for consumer purchase intentions of green products, followed by product image and awareness of green marketing, respectively. Furthermore, consumer purchase intentions of green products are minimally associated with corporate reputation. Directions for further work are also presented.
Sustainable Business Transformation Through Ambidextrous Practices
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipak Kumar
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how an innovative organization can ensure sustainable development by embracing ambidextrous human resource management (HRM) practices. The chapter at the outset examines the debate on business innovation and business invention, and delineates the role of organization from business invention, which fits well for those who are engaged in fundamental and so also creative research. Thereafter the chapter details the importance of innovation for organizational development for long term organizational sustainability. The next phase of the chapter raises the debate how such sustainable organizational development can be achieved through ambidextrous human resource management (HRM) practices. To validate the arguments, the chapter examines the literatures in the context of one of the largest Central Public Sector Enterprises of India, i.e., Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Value Chains
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Lund-Thomsen Peter
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, we make a contribution to the literature on corporate social responsibility in global value chains that link dispersed consumers and importers in developed countries with local manufacturers, workers, and communities in developing countries. We create an integrated analytical framework and a methodology that can guide master-level and Ph.D. students as well as practitioners on how they may map the governance processes through which multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in global value chains are formulated, implemented, monitored as well as the impact that MSI standards have on the work conditions of those laboring at the base of global value chains. We use a stylized case study of fair trade in the football manufacturing industry in Pakistan to illustrate how the framework and the methodology might be applied to the empirical analysis of MSI governance processes and their impacts on workers' conditions in export-oriented industries in the South.
Analyzing CSR's Expectation Gap Through the World System Differential
Authors: Kaufmann Götz
Published: May 2018

This chapter critically approaches the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the theory level with a new theory frame called World System Differential (WSD). The new frame has been developed by bringing together Luhmann's system theory, Grosfoguel's world system, and Irigaray's theory on gender equality empowerment. The principle assumption here is that CSR unchangeably consists of many contradictive definitions. This allows for framing CSR as an expectation gap. Applying the WSD to the CSR field, the expectation gap is analyzed as an idealized conception that is shaped by a proposed universal that everyone is assumed to desire in the same way. As result, the chapter shows that we must verstehen (Weber) CSR in its contradictive reflections by different societal rationalities, which by nature discriminates against the less powerful opinion holders. For this, the WSD can show its analytical usefulness as both a theoretical and a methodological tool.
The Nexus Between CSR, Corporate Image, Company Identification, Emotional Attachment and Small Equity Investors Behavior
Authors: Ali Imran
Published: May 2018

Marketing literature provides empirical evidence on the relationship among corporate social responsibility (CSR), company identification, emotional attachment, corporate image and consumer behavior. However, there is sparse research that examines the impact of CSR, image, identity and emotional attachment in shaping investors' behavior. The current study fills this gap by proposing and testing a conceptual model that examines the nexus between CSR, company identification, emotional attachment and corporate image and investor behavior. Data has been collected from small equity investors trading at Lahore Stock Exchange in Pakistan using self-administered survey questionnaire technique. The study used structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to test the proposed model. The study found positive association between CSR, and corporate image, corporate identity and development of emotional attachment with company. The higher level of CSR, corporate image, corporate identity and emotional attachment leads to development of investors' behavioral loyalty with company.
The Determinants of Sustainability Reporting of the Portuguese Public Sector Entities
Authors: Tavares Maria da Conceição C. , Rodrigues Lúcia Lima
Published: May 2018

Based on legitimacy and on stakeholder theories, this study analyses the level of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the sustainability reports of the Portuguese public sector entities for the years 2008 and 2012, prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The authors also aim to determine the factors that influence this level of disclosure. Using content analysis, an index of CSR disclosure was constructed based on the sustainability reports of 58 public sector entities. It was concluded that the level of sustainability disclosure is related to the organisation's size, industry, awards and certifications received, and visibility measured in terms of consumer proximity. This study offers new empirical evidence of a different context – public sector entities in Portugal, providing valuable insights into the factors that explain CSR disclosures in public sector entities.
Strengthening Sustainability Through the Lenses of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept
Authors: Dasgupta Sabyasachi
Published: May 2018

The term “Corporate Social Responsibility” has gained lot of momentum in the last few decades. Carroll's pyramidal model has made significant contribution to the debate by categorizing corporate social responsibility into four broad dimensions: Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic. This paper looks into different dimensions of corporate social responsibility and tries to deconstruct its primary motive. Through the scanning of literatures on the definitions of corporate social responsibility concept, this paper tries to understand the focus of such an attempt. It then takes the help of qualitative in-depth interview methodology to understand what the corporate managers in India across sectors feel about corporate social responsibility. This leads to convergence of literature review and in-depth interview findings benefiting both academic and corporate world. The findings suggest that although companies seem to accomplish such responsibility for societal purposes, the ultimate objective is an economically viable model which leads to the sustainability of a corporate organization.