bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mengukur Efektivitas Pelatihan Implementasi Pembelajaran STEAM- Loose Parts pada Guru PAUD
Authors: Kurnia Aam , Nasrudin Dindin
Published: April 2022

Usia dini adalah fase krusial dalam perkembangan anak. Guru yang mengajar di usia dini memerlukan keahlian khusus. Oleh karena itu, pelatihan dan pengembangan diri berkelanjutan bagi guru PAUD sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur efektivitas proses pelatihan implementasi pembelajaran STEAM-loose parts pada guru PAUD. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus eksplanatif dengan fokus pada penggunaan instrumen Authentic Assessment Based on Teaching and Learning Trajetory with Student Activity Sheets (AABTLT with SAS).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AABTLT with SAS dapat menunjukkan efektifitas proses pelatihan implementasi pembelajaran STEM-loose parts pada guru PAUD dalam kategori sangat efektif. Profil penguasaan materi peserta pelatihan menempatkan guru yang sedang mengambil program S1 sebagai peserta yang paling mengusai materi. Penelitian ini telah berhasil menunjukkan cara mengukur efektifitas pelatihan guru. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membandingkan dan atau menghubungkan pengukuran efektivitas proses pelatihan dan hasil pelatihan secara simultan.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Kreativitas Seni Rupa Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rukiyah Rukiyah , Suningsih Taruni , Syafdaningsih Syafdaningsih
Published: April 2022

Bahan ajar memiliki peran penting sebagai pedoman dalam proses pembelajaran. Terlebih pada tingkat Perguruan Tinggi, bahan ajar dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam mempelajari materi perkuliahan secara efektif dan efisien. Kendala dalam mata kuliah Pengembangan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini yaitu minimnya bahan ajar yang khusus membahas mengenai kreativitas seni rupa anak usia dini. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengembangkan bahan ajar kreativitas seni rupa anak usia dini yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (RD) dari Borg and Gall. Produk divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media, serta diujicobakan kepada 30 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar kreativitas seni rupa anak usia dini dinyatakan valid berdasarkan penilaian produk awal oleh para ahli, produk dinyatakan praktis berdasarkan uji coba skala terbatas, dan produk dinyatakan efektif berdasarkan uji coba skala luas.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Daerah melalui Multimedia Interaktif pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu , Fauziddin Mohammad , Haryanto Sri , Widiyani Afifah Eka Yulia , Nuri Shinta , El-Syam Robingun Suyud , Hidayati Salis Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Media pembelajaran bahasa daerah yang menarik akan membuat siswa lebih mudah mengingat materi yang disampaikan  oleh guru serta menumbuhkan kembali rasa cinta terhadap bahasa daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran pada anak usia dini melalui multimedia interaktif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala, guru, dan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian didapati bahwa pembelajaran bahasa daerah pada anak usia dini masih kurang, karena pendidik masih menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang membosankan dan media pembelajaran yang kurang menarik, dan penggunaan multimedia interaktif sangat berpengaruh dalam pembelajaran bahasa daerah pada anak. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah produk game education ini dapat menjadi solusi atas permasalahan pada pembelajaran daring, karena media ini bersifat fleksibel dan bisa membuat pembelajaran menjadi lebih bervariasi.
Pola Komunikasi dalam Proses Pembelajaran di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Fajriati Ruliana , Na'imah Na'imah , Hibana Hibana , Putro Khamim Zarkasih , Labziah Labziah
Published: April 2022

Salah satu usaha membatasi penyebaran Covid-19 yaitu dengan melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar secara daring melalui aplikasi whatsapp, zoom dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa pola komunikasi guru dan anak dalam proses belajar mengajar di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian studi kasus dengan metode kualitatif. Proses mengumpulkan data dilakukan dengan mengamati RPPH dan RPPM, mewawancarai guru, kepala sekolah, dan orang tua serta mengobservasi proses pembelajaran. Pengolahan dan analisis data yaitu mereduksi data dengan menyeleksi, menyederhanakan dan membuat abstraksi data tulis dan lisan dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi mengenai pola komunikasi dalam proses pembelajran. Kemudian data disajikan agar memperoleh kesimpulan akhir dari penelitian. Adapun hasilnya yaitu pola komunikasi yang dilaksanakan di TK Negeri 6 Pekanbaru adalah pola komunikasi searah, dua arah dan multi arah. Namun komunikasi guru dan anak didik dalam proses ini tidak cukup mampu membangun proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas di TK Negeri 6 Pekanbaru
Tingkat Kemampuan Literasi Sains Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Firda Arlian , Suharni Suharni
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan guru PAUD se-Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir mengenai pentingnya  kemampuan literasi sains Penelitian menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data kuesioner/ angket. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah angket yang disebar terhadap  80 orang guru PAUD Se Kecamatan Rumbai, Pekanbaru. Riau. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan angket. Nilai setiap indikator literasi sains guru dilakukan dengan konversi sesuai kategori. Nilai Sangat Baik (81% - 100%), baik (61% - 80%), cukup (41%-60%), kurang(21% - 40%), sangat kurang (≤ 20%). Kemampuanliterasi sains berdasarkan aspek-aspek literasi sains memiliki rerata 63.85% dengan kategori baik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa  pemahaman guru terhadap literasi sains berada pada kategori baik. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengkaitkan tingkat pemahaman guru PAUD Se-Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir ini dengan Profil Guru PAUD tersebut
Strategi Orang Tua dalam Membiasakan PHBS Anak Usia Dini saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Rahayu Aisah Karunia , Setiasih Ocih
Published: April 2022

Penularan virus COVID-19 di Indonesia meningkat seiring dengan adanya varian terbaru yaitu “Omicron”. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) terbukti efektif dalam mencegah penyebaran penularan virus COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi orang tua dalam membiasakan PHBS anak usia dini pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus terhadap tiga partisipan penelitian, yaitu tiga orang ibu yang memiliki anak berusia 5-6 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi orang tua dalam membiasakan PHBS belum optimal pada aspek mencuci tangan sebelum dan sesudah makan, membuang sampah pada tempatnya, mengonsumsi buah dan sayur. Strategi yang dilakukan orang tua dalam membiasakan PHBS sekedar mengingatkan tanpa melibatkan anak untuk bernegosiasi dan pengambilan keputusan tentang kebutuhan PHBS anak, sehingga anak belum memahami manfaat, dampak serta tujuan dari PHBS bagi kesehatannya. Orang tua dapat menggunakan metode gerak dan lagu serta media digital seperti video animasi film 3D dalam membiasakan PHBS kepada anak usia dini.
Media Integration of Islamic Sex Education for Early Childhood
Authors: Sasono Budi , Sunhaji Sunhaji , Rohmad Rohmad , 'Ulyan Mohammad , Aufik Mochammad Rizal
Published: April 2022

Islamic sex education for early childhood uses the integration of important media taught in the digital era. This cannot be separated from the many cases of sexual violence that occur. This research aims to find out the use of media integration in the implementation of Islamic sex education for early childhood in Al-Hikmah Kindergarten Kutasari Purbalingga. This research is a qualitative research case study approach. Data collection techniques with semi-structured in-depth interviews, documentation, and direct observation. The study subjects were determined by snowball sampling techniques. Participants in the study were the Principal and 7 central teachers. Data analysis techniques using interactive data analysis models that is data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal and testing of conclusions or verification. Testing the validity of data with the triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that the integration of Islamic sex education media for early childhood through central learning with the theme "My Body" increases children's knowledge to be more concrete about sexuality issues so as to stimulate child growth and development.
Manajemen Layanan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini berbasis ICT pada Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas
Authors: Badrudin Badrudin , Sabri Ahmad , Warmansyah Jhoni
Published: April 2022

Terpenuhinya manajemen layanan pembelajaran yang memadai dan bermutu ditengah masa pandemic untuk tumbuh kembang anak yang optimal sulit untuk dilakukan, diperlukan suatu inovasi strategi layanan berbasis (Information and communication technologies) ICT di Taman Kanak-kanak. Fokus penelitian ini mengkaji proses manajemen layanan pembelajaran berbasis ICT pada masa pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas di Taman Kanak-kanak. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan sedangkan untuk mengetahui keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil analisis terkait kegiatan proses manajemen layanan pembelajaran berbasis ICT pada masa pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas dilakukan dengan 1) analisis lingkungan, 2) formulasi strategi, 3) implementasi strategi, 4) evaluasi dan pengendalian strategi. Dengan demikian layanan pembelajaran berbasis ICT menjadi peluang dan tantangan dalam memberikan standar mutu yang tetap terjamin dalam pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas.
Efektifitas Internalisasi Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Diswantika Noviana
Published: April 2022

Sekolah merupakan salah satu gerbang utama dalam menkonstruksi keterampilan sosial anak. Sekolah berfungsi dalam melakukan internalisasi keterampilan sosial melalui proses sosialisasi. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana proses internalisasi keterampilan sosial anak usia dini pada masa pandemi covid-19. Pandemi Covid ini berdampak pada keterampilan sosial anak karena adanya pembatasan interaksi dengan orang lain selain yang tinggal dalam satu rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah keterampilan sosial anak memiliki dampak dengan adanya pandemi covid-19. Anak kesulitan untuk berinteraksi dan komunikasi, seperti: malu, takut, dan bahkan menyendiri. Internalisasi yang dilakukan pihak sekolah adalah menerapkan metode storytelling dan bermain peran. Metode tersebut dapat membantu mengembangkan keterampilan sosial anak, seperti: mengenal dirinya, emosi, berempati dan simpati, tolong menolong, berkerjasama, dan bersaing sehat. Metode storytelling dan bermain peran dapat membantu mengembangan ketrampilan sosial anak pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini.
Video Pembelajaran dan Lembar Kerja pada Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Selama COVID-19
Authors: Rahiem Maila D.H. , Fitri Anisa , Faeruz Ratna
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pandangan orang tua dan guru tentang penggunaan video pembelajaran dan LK pada PJJ bagi anak usia dini selama COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif eksploratif. Peneliti mewawancarai 6 guru dan 10 orang tua. Data menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Orang tua dan guru berpendapat bahwa media video pembelajaran dan LK  efektif dan fleksibel, dan memudahkan anak untuk belajar; 2) Guru memandang dengan membuat video pembelajaran dan LK yang menarik, sesuai kurikulum, tahap perkembangan anak dan kondisi orang tua, maka anak tetap bisa belajar dengan baik; 3) Orang tua memandang penting untuk mendampingi anak belajar dan menjaga mood anak, dan mereka percaya video pembelajaran yang disiapkan guru menarik minat anak belajar, namun memang tidak semua anak dapat belajar dengan baik. Peneliti menyimpulkan walau penggunaan video pembelajaran dan LK tidak ideal, namun masih dapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran, dengan penyesuaian oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran.
Miopia pada Anak Kembar Penyandang Low vision
Authors: Dewi Annisa Dianesti , Pratisti Wiwien Dinar
Published: April 2022

Miopia merupakan salah satu gangguan penglihatan dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Anak penyandang miopia memiliki potensi dalam pendidikan yang terlihat dari tingkat kecerdasan yang lebih tinggi dari anak dengan penglihatan normal. Meskipun demikian, anak penyandang miopia memiliki kesulitan sendiri dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor penyebab miopia pada anak kembar penyandang low vision. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada ibu dari anak kembar penyandang low vision. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa myopia pada anak kembar terjadi karena faktor genetik dan faktor pre natal. Miopia pada anak kembar sendiri mengganggu aktivitas belajar meskipun kedua anak kembar memiliki tingkat intelegensi rata-rata. Peneliti berharap hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi salah satu acuan untuk pembuatan kurikulum pembelajaran yang cocok bagi anak penyandang low vision. Dengan demikian, sistem pendidikan inklusi di Indonesia berjalan efektif sesuai tujuannya.
Studi Eksplorasi Bentuk-Bentuk Gejala Disleksia pada Anak
Authors: Rahmawati Laili Etika , Purnomo Eko , Hadi Dani Anwar , Wulandari Murfiah Dewi , Purnanto Arif Wiyat
Published: April 2022

Anak-anak bergejala disleksia perlu diidentifikasi sedini mungkin, gejala-gejala yang dimilikinya harus diketahui sejak dini supaya tidak berdampak buruk pada perkembangan sosial dan emosionalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi eksplorasi bentuk-bentuk gejala disleksia pada anak SD kelas awal. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga sekolah dasar yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Karanganyar (Sekolah X), Kabupaten Sukoharjo (Sekolah Y), dan Kota Surakarta (Sekolah Z). Objek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 120 siswa kelas awal dan 12 guru pendamping beserta kepala sekolah. Berdasarkan objek yang dipilih ditemukan 9 siswa yang bergejala disleksia. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dilanjutkan dengan studi terpumpun.  Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan pertanyaan yang diadaptasi dari Thompson (2010). Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan gejala disleksia terkait perilaku, membaca, mengeja, tulisan tangan, teknik penulisan, dan pemahaman tanda baca yang keseluruhannya siswa bergejala disleksia memiliki hambatan perihal kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan mengeja.
Penerapan Cooperative Learning dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Gerak Dasar pada Siswa Usia 7-8 Tahun
Authors: Norito Tri Bayu , Putri Siti Ayu Risma , Putra Dede Dwiyansyah , Fajar Mutiara
Published: April 2022

Sebagian besar anak-anak belum mencapai tingkat gerak dasar yang maksimal karena minimnya kesempatan untuk latihan dan aktivitas gerak yang menurun menyebabkan gerak dasar menjadi lemah dalam gerakan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan Cooperative Learning dalam meningkatkan keterampilan gerak dasar pada siswa sekolah dasar (SD). Metode penelitian ini adalah survey. Instrumen yang dipakai untuk mengumpulkan data adalah observasi dan angket dengan menggunakan skala likert. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 10 guru pendidikan jasmani dengan jumlah siswa 60 orang di kelas 1 sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran gerak dasar berbasis Cooperative Learning dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan gerak dasar anak usia 7-8 tahun, dilihat dari tingkat kepuasan yaitu pada persentase 91,2 % yang berada pada kriteria baik dengan kata lain penerapan Cooperative Learning mampu meningkatkan keterampilan gerak dasar anak.
Pandangan Guru dan Orang Tua tentang Pendidikan Inklusif di Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Baroroh Esny , Rukiyati Rukiyati
Published: April 2022

Pendidikan inklusif berkembang sebagai tanggapan terhadap kekhawatiran hak asasi manusia bagi anak-anak penyandang cacat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan guru dan orang tua terhadap tantangan dan manfaat pendidikan inklusif di taman kanak-kanak bagi anak disabilitas maupun tanpa disabilitas dalam upaya memenuhi kesempatan belajar anak disabilitas maupun tanpa disabilitas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam pendekatan studi kasus penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 guru/kepala sekolah inklusif, dan 2 orang tua anak disabilitas/tanpa disabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pendidikan inklusif yang dilaksanakan di taman kanak-kanak secara tidak langsung memberikan manfaat dan tantangan yang dihadapi guru maupun orang tua anak disabilitas ataupun anak tanpa disabilitas. Pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif memberikan manfaat untuk anak disabilitas maupun tanpa disabilitas yaitu memberikan relasi social dan penerimaan.
Pendidikan Lingkungan Sejak Usia Dini dalam Perspektif Teologi Pemerdekaan Y.B Mangunwijaya
Authors: Mulyatno Carolus Borromeus
Published: April 2022

Di tengah berbagai persoalan kerusakan lingkungan yang sangat masif, tanggung jawab untuk merawat lingkungan perlu ditanamkan melalui pendidikan lingkungan hidup sejak usia dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pendidikan lingkungan hidup di Taman Kanak-kanak Eksperimental Mangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data. Kerangka analisis data menggunakan gagasan Y.B. Mangunwijaya tentang teologi pemerdekaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan lingkungan hidup melalui praktik merawat lingkungan dan membantu orang-orang miskin merupakan merupakan sarana efektif untuk pengembangan anak-anak secara integral sejak usia dini. Hal ini sejalan dengan gagasan Y.B. Mangunwijaya tentang teologi pemerdekaan sebagai gerakan pemekaran diri secara integral. Praktik pembelajaran lingkungan hidup membantu para siswa mengalami relasi kasih persaudaraan dengan sesama, alam, dan Tuhan. Pembelajaran ini mengembangkan karakter peduli, bela rasa dan empati.
Trajectory PHD and CPHD Filters with Unknown Detection Profile
Authors: Wei Shaoxiu , Zhang Boxiang , Yi Wei
Published: April 2022

Compared to the probability hypothesis density (PHD) and cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filters, the trajectory PHD (TPHD) and trajectory CPHD (TCPHD) filters are for sets of trajectories, and thus are able to produce trajectory estimates with better estimation performance.In this paper, we develop the TPHD and TCPHD filters which can adaptively learn the history of the unknown target detection probability, and therefore they can perform more robustly in scenarios where targets are with unknown and time-varying detection probabilities. These filters are referred to as the unknown TPHD (U-TPHD) and unknown TCPHD (U-TCPHD) filters.By minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD), the U-TPHD and U-TCPHD filters can obtain, respectively, the best Poisson and independent identically distributed (IID) density approximations over the augmented sets of trajectories. For computational efficiency, we also propose the U-TPHD and U-TCPHD filters that only consider the unknown detection profile at the current time. Specifically, the Beta-Gaussian mixture method is adopted for the implementation of proposed filters, which are referred to as the BG-U-TPHD and BG-U-TCPHD filters. The $L$-scan approximations of these filters with much lower computational burden are also presented. Finally, various simulation results demonstrate that the BG-U-TPHD and BG-U-TCPHD filters can achieve robust tracking performance to adapt to unknown detection profile. Besides, it also shows that usually a small value of the $L$-scan approximation can achieve almost full efficiency of both filters but with a much lower computational costs.
Barriers and Enablers to Clothing Repair and Repurpose in UK Citizens
Authors: Zhang Lisa , Hale Joanna
Published: April 2022

This research aims to explore the barriers and enablers of clothing repair and repurpose in UK citizens. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel approach, the study aims to develop am intervention to encourage repair and repurpose, which can ultimately contribute to slow and sustainable fashion consumption. This study also investigates the impact of Covid-19 on repair and repurpose behaviour.
Teori nilai guna utility
Authors: AMELIA RESKI
Published: April 2022

A. Teori Nilai Guna (Utility)Teori nilai guna (utility) berdasarkan pemaparan Sukirno (1994) adalah totalkepuasan yang diperoleh ketika seseorang menggunakan suatu barang. Dalambukunya, Sukirno (1994) menjelaskan bahwa terdapat dua macam pendekatanteori nilai guna yaitu, pendekatan nilai guna kardinal serta pendekatan nilai gunaordinal. Dalam pendekatan nilai guna kardinal dijelaskan bahwa sewaktukonsumen menggunakan sebuah barang dan merasa puas, tingkat kepuasantersebut dapat dinilai secara kuantitatif. Sedangkan nilai guna ordinal dijelaskansebagai manfaat atau kenikmatan yang diperoleh tidak dapat dinilai secarakuantitatif. Utility atau nilai guna sering digunakan sebagai istilah untuk menjelaskanmengenai suatu manfaat barang atau komoditas tertentu. Pada teori keseimbangan, diketahui bahwa teori keseimbangan menggambarkan antara kesesuaian antarapermintaan dan penawaran. Permintaan timbul karena konsumen memerlukanmanfaat dari komoditas yang diminta. Manfaat inilah yang dikenal dengan istilahutilitas (utility). Jadi sebenarnya permintaan suatu komoditas menggambarkanpermintaan akan manfaat dari komoditas tersebut (Sugiarto Dkk, 2007). Teoriutility sering digunakan sebagai pendekatan dalam menjelaskan perilakukonsumen. Pokok persoalan ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh setiap orang dalamperannya sebagai konsumen membutuhkan bermacam barang dan jasa yangsemua harus diimbangi dengan kemampuan membeli. Konsumen harusberhadapan dengan pilihan jenis dan jumlah barang dan jasa yang harus di beliserta harga yang harus dibayar untuk mendapatkan barang dan jasa yang dituju. Konsumen yang bertindak ekonomis harus mempertimbangkan pengorbanan, yaitu harga yang harus dibayar dan hasilnya, yaitu manfaat atau nilai guna ataukepuasan yang diperoleh dari pengeluaran uang tersebut.
A global analysis of controls on submarine-canyon geomorphology
Authors: Bührig Laura , Colombera Luca , Patacci Marco , Mountney Nigel , McCaffrey William
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe role of possible controlling factors in influencing the geomorphology of submarine canyons has been investigated using a database of 282 globally distributed modern examples collated from the literature and open-source worldwide bathymetry. Canyon geomorphology has been characterized quantitatively in terms of maximum and average canyon dimensions, canyon sinuosity, average canyon thalweg gradient, and maximum canyon sidewall steepness. An assessment is made of how geomorphological characteristics vary with respect to the position of the canyon apex relative to the shelf break, continental-margin type, terrestrial source-to-sink system setting, oceanographic environment, and latitude. Scaling relationships between canyon morphometric parameters, and correlations between these and attributes of the canyon physiographic settings, terrestrial catchments, and continental shelves and slopes, have been quantified.Key findings are as follows: (i) a number of scaling relationships describing canyon morphometry (e.g. scaling between maximum canyon dimensions, relationships of maximum canyon sidewall steepness with maximum canyon width and depth) can be recognized globally, suggesting their general predictive value; (ii) possible causal links are identified between hydrodynamic processes (e.g. upwelling, longshore- and along-slope currents) and canyon morphology; (iii) potential predictors of aspects of canyon geomorphology include whether a canyon is incised into the shelf or confined to the slope, the continental-margin type, the oceanographic environment, latitude, and shelf-break depth; (iv) similarity in the distributions of maximum width-to-maximum depth ratios across all settings suggests that the relative magnitudes of canyon-margin erosion and intra-canyon deposition do not vary greatly depending on setting or canyon size.The relationships between canyon geomorphology and environmental variables identified in this study may be incorporated into conceptual models describing canyon geomorphology and its relationship both to other elements of deep-water systems, and to its broader source-to-sink context. The results provide a framework for future experimental and numerical studies of canyon geomorphology.
„AI Takeover… doesn’t sound that bad!” – Authoritarian ambivalence towards artificial intelligence
Authors: Asbrock Frank , Mayerl Jochen , Holz Manuel , Andersen Henrik Kenneth , Maskow Britta
Published: April 2022

Public perceptions of Artificial intelligence (AI) are mostly positive, but recent research indicates growing skepticism and differentiated attitudes towards different AI applications. Moreover, research showed that more conservative people are more skeptical. Extending previous research, we tested the role of authoritarianism, a broad ideological attitude, in relation to attitudes towards AI in different domains in a German online sample (N = 1,027). Structural equation models showed the expected ambivalent relationship between authoritarianism and attitudes towards technology (expressed in terms of positive and negative attitudes) as well as differentiated relationships with specific AI attitudes. Authoritarianism showed a small positive total effect on attitudes towards AI in autonomous vehicles and a non-significant total effect on AI in robots (mediated by attitudes towards technology and towards AI in general), but a strong relationship with attitudes towards AI in surveillance, which is in line with the general authoritarian preference for security and social order.
Positive prospective mental imagery characteristics in young adults and their associations with depressive symptoms
Authors: Marciniak Marta Anna , Shanahan Lilly , Binder Harald , Kalisch Raffael , Kleim Birgit
Published: April 2022

Background: Positive prospective mental imagery plays an important role in mental well-being, and depressive symptoms have been associated with difficulties in generating positive prospective mental images (PPMIs). We used a mobile app to gather PPMIs generated by young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed content, characteristics, and associations with depressive symptoms.Methods: For this longitudinal study, 50 healthy students reported PPMIs at least three times per day for seven consecutive days using a mobile app inducing PPMI generation. We categorized entries into themes and applied linear mixed models to investigate associations between PPMI characteristics and depressive symptom outcomes.Results: We distinguished 25 PPMI themes. The most frequent were related to consuming food and drinks, watching TV/streaming platforms, and doing sports. More vivid PPMIs were easier to generate. Vividness and ease of generation of PPMIs, but not their anticipation or pleasure intensity, were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Discussion: We identified PPMI themes in young adults and found significant negative associations between depressive symptoms and vividness and generation ease of PPMIs. These results may inform prevention and intervention science, including design of personalized interventions. We discuss implications for future studies and treatment development for individuals experiencing diminished PPMI.
High stress levels and trust toward the government are associated with more positive attitudes toward Covid-19 vaccines among youth
Authors: Brun Clémence , Zerhouni Oulmann , Houtin Laurène , Akinyemi Alexis , Aimé-Jubin Carla , Boudesseul Jordane
Published: April 2022

Background: Distrust of COVID-19 vaccines may hamper vaccination campaigns. We focused on the cognitive determinants of intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. We were interested in (i) the effects of stress, and (ii) the effects of self-protection systems on attitudes and intentions to get vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We conducted an online observational study with 203 French students (MAge = 19, SDAge = 2.52, Women = 173), in which we measured, through self-reported questionnaires, their perceived stress and vulnerability to disease, belief in a dangerous world, pandemic-related stressors living conditions, attitudes and intentions to get vaccinated, and confidence in the government's management of COVID-19. We conducted two multiple linear mediation analyses.Results: Participants who reported higher trust in the government and who reported higher stress levels were more likely to have positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine, although both these influences seem to be –at least partially - independent. Conclusions: The factor that most robustly predicted both attitudes and intentions to vaccinate was confidence in the information provided by the government and its ability to manage the pandemic in general. Our analyses suggest the existence of two profiles of people likely to have positive attitudes toward vaccination: those who trust the government and are not stressed by vaccination, and those who do not trust the government but would get vaccinated to reduce their stress. We discuss how to improve the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine policies through communication.
Facial Shape or Expression?
Authors: Windmann Sabine
Published: April 2022

Do naive observers communicate about a male's aggressive and dominant character using facial shape as a signal, specifically, facial width in edited photographs? We attempted to show that they don't, and that they instead use emotional expressions as cue to character trait. We were, however, not entirely successful. Although the expression signal was much more effective, there was something about facial shape that was used by the senders and understood above chance level by the recipients.
Abstract Representations of Small Sets in Newborns
Authors: Martin Lucie , marie julien , Brun Mélanie , de Hevia Maria Dolores , streri arlette , Izard Véronique
Published: April 2022

From the very first days of life, newborns are not tied to represent narrow, modality- and object-specific aspects of their environment. Rather, they sometimes react to abstract properties shared by stimuli of very different nature, such as approximate numerosity or magnitude. As of now, however, there is no evidence that newborns possess abstract representations that apply to small sets: in particular, while newborns can match large approximate numerosities across senses, this ability does not extend to small numerosities. In two experiments, we presented newborn infants (N = 64, age 17 to 98 hours) with patterned sets AB or ABB simultaneously in the auditory and visual modalities. Auditory patterns were presented as periodic sequences of sounds (AB: triangle-drum-triangle-drum-triangle-drum …; ABB: triangle-drum-drum-triangle-drum-drum-triangle-drum-drum …), and visual patterns as arrays of 2 or 3 shapes (AB: circle-diamond; ABB: circle-diamond-diamond). In both experiments, we found that participants reacted and looked longer when the patterns matched across the auditory and visual modalities – provided that the first stimulus they received was congruent. These findings uncover the existence of yet another type of abstract representations at birth, applying to small sets. As such, they bolster the hypothesis that newborns are endowed with the capacity to represent their environment in broad strokes, in terms of its most abstract properties. This capacity for abstraction could later serve as a scaffold for infants to learn about the particular entities surrounding them.
Teachers’ English Level Proficiency: Do Students Perceive It as a Threat or a Chance?
Authors: Masduki  , Poedjiastutie Dwi , Prabowo Chandra Giat
Published: April 2022

This study examines students’ expectations regarding teachers’ English proficiency level at Muhammadiyah Malang University (UMM), Indonesia. The concepts of proficiency are various among scholars and educators. Scholars vary in their concepts of proficiency; they also have multiple dimensions and methods when assessing teachers’ proficiency. However, students are rarely asked about their expectations of teachers’ English Proficiency level due to their supposed incapability and irrelevance in assessing the tutors. This study utilized an interpretive approach that explained the subjective reasons and meanings underlying social actions and viewed the world from specific individuals’ standpoints and experiences. Focus group discussion (FGD), and an open-ended questionnaire to gather the data, was employed. The FGD led to rich data because participants interacted at the same time about the topic being raised. The second-year students of the English Department at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) were invited to participate. Regarding the teachers’ proficiency, students’ expectations fell into three parts. Firstly, teachers were expected to use mixed languages as the classroom language of instruction. Secondly, students expected teachers to possess sufficient level of English proficiency since this will potentially help students to have a better level of communication. Third, students are expected to have both native-speaking teachers and local teachers as a model of their communication. This study implicates teachers with high English proficiency are supposed to be vigilant to apply it across different settings and situations. This behavior hopefully leads to the felicitous decision of the classroom communication types.
English Language Learning Strategies during COVID-19 in the Middle East: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khreisat Mohammad N.
Published: April 2022

The recent pandemic has forced the educational sector to unwillingly reform its strategies by compelling it to embrace technology as the savior of the educational process. COVID-19 has adversely affected this sector by forcing a halt to all face-to-face learning in educational institutes, which led to dependence solely on online education and adopting strategies fit solely to distant learning. Thus, this paper has focused on the English language learning strategies adopted during Covid-19. Moreover, this research aims to provide the latest information about online teaching strategies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic by English language instructors in Asia, especially in Middle Eastern countries. This study is qualitative in nature and utilizes the systematic literature review approach. The data for this research was gathered from renowned databases to maintain reliability. The results highlighted that among many strategies, three are most important in teaching the English language during COVID-19, first is collaborative learning (i.e., breakout classes, cloud-based collaboration), the second is flipped classroom, and the final is scaffolding. In the end, the study concluded with the recommendation as the findings of this research can help policymakers and educationists in developing effective or efficient strategies for tackling tough situations or pandemics.
Initial Financial Plan Price and Perceived Value of Ongoing Financial Planning Services
Authors: Tharp Derek
Published: April 2022

This study experimentally investigates whether the price of an initial financial plan influences consumer perceptions of the value of ongoing financial planning services. Using a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers (N = 602), evidence of anchoring effects were observed. In particular, free initial plans were associated with higher perceived value than plans offered at costs of $1,000, $2,000, or $3,000. This finding goes against common industry notions that charging for an initial plan will increase the perceived value of financial planning services. Rather, offering initial plans at prices that are far below the long-term value of ongoing financial planning services may result in an anchoring effect that diminishes a consumer’s perceptions of the value of ongoing services.
The Efficacy of Completing Form-focused Tasks Collaboratively vs Individually: Utilizing Interventionist Dynamic Assessment to Quantify Learning Gains
Authors: Scotland James
Published: April 2022

Many language teachers employ collaborative learning within their classrooms. However, expectations surrounding the efficacy of working collaboratively need to be empirically verified. This study employed dynamic assessment to investigate whether learners who are situated within an undergraduate Qatari EFL context learn second language grammatical structures more effectively by working either collaboratively with their peers or individually. Interventionist dynamic assessment was used to quantify the extent of the learning gains made by male Arabic undergraduate EFL learners (N = 52) three times (pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest) over a 12-week period. In between the pretest and the posttest, six form-focused treatment tasks were administered. The experimental group (n = 20) completed the tasks collaboratively with their peers; a comparison group (n = 16) completed the tasks individually; and a control group (n = 16) did not complete the tasks. The target structures were the simple past passive and the present continuous passive. A Mood’s median test (Mood, 1954) found no statistically significant differences between the collaborative condition and the individual condition. Although measuring emergent abilities which are still in the process of developing provided a more complete picture of the efficacy of working collaboratively, the lack of a statistically significant difference between the performances of the experimental and comparison groups for both target structures suggests that working collaboratively is not statistically more effective in facilitating learners’ linguistic development than working individually.
Effects of Cooperative Learning on Cognitive Engagement and Task Achievement: A Study of Omani Bachelor of Education Program EFL Students
Authors: Sulaiman Moosa Ahmed Ali , Thakur Vijay Singh
Published: April 2022

Led by a premise that effective cooperative tasks play a vital role in enhancing Cognitive Engagement (CE) and task achievement in ESL/EFL teaching, this study investigates the effects of Cooperative Learning (CL) on Omani Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) students’ CE and task achievement. This quasi-experimental study has three objectives: (i) To find out the level of awareness of CE skills required during EFL learning sessions; (ii) To examine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the mean scores of students’ responses taught through CL strategies and taught in normal setting; and (iii) To investigate whether there are significant differences among EFL students’ CE levels attributed to their gender. A total of 36 B. Ed. students were assigned to Experimental Group and Control Group with 18 students in each. Analytical results of the study found that (a) The overall CE levels of the students was low at the mean score of 2.20; (b) On statistical grounds, significant differences were found at the level of <0.01 between the mean scores of CE responses of students taught through CL and those who were taught in a normal setting; and (c) No statistically significant differences were found at the level of <0.05 between mean scores of students’ CE responses attributed to their gender. We have discussed a number of pedagogical implications emerging from the findings of this study for raising students’ awareness, enhancing teachers’ roles and responsibilities, effective task designing and developing engaging instructional materials.
Design and development of Smart Water Quality Monitoring System Using IoT
Authors: Sanya Waheed Muhammad , Alawi Mahmoud A. , Eugenio Issah
Published: April 2022

As water is one of the basic needs of human beings, shortage of water we cannot live on. Water pollution and scarcity, are current global problems that require modification of water resources and guiding principles from the international level to individual wells. Water pollution is the leading cause of diseases worldwide. Previously, water quality monitoring was done through a physical collection of data; there was no smart sensor system. This led to inefficiency, especially, in real-time data access, device monitoring, and less accurate collection of data. There is a need to integrate mechanisms to monitor water quality in real-time, to ensure a safe supply of drinking water. Hence, the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) which allows connections between various devices that can exchange and gather data emerged. To solve these issues, a low-cost real-time that is real-time platform based on the Internet of Things (IoT), and LoRa (Long Range) technology is proposed for monitoring water quality. The platform will measure and collect critical information about water quality. Such quality involves parameters like pH value, turbidity, and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. The platform will additionally establish communication to the end-user, through LoRa Gateway and the internet. It will simultaneously provide data access, accurate data collection, and supervision of the component, whereby the user will notice if the virtual device is not receiving any data at a given time interval. The developed platform will consist of five different parts: sensor devices, IoT Board, Lora Gateway, cloud server, and user domain. The Lora Getaway will transmit the sensor data to the cloud through the internet to the cloud server. The cloud server is equipped with Matlab analysis and visualization applications which manipulate and analyze the data, to monitor the quality of the water. In the end, the useful information is visualized from the user domain for any decision-making process. The paper argues that the proposed platform is important in ensuring a safe supply of quality drinking water for people worldwide.
Hybrid Based Selective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Kawther
Published: April 2022

Wireless Sensor Network WSN deployment is an active research area. Its goal is to deploy sensors in certain environment efficiently to optimize some evaluation measures. Meta heuristic searching optimization approaches have been proven to be effective in solving WSN deployment problem. They have strong power in exploring the solution space and converging toward theoptimal region. One key factor in achieving more exploring power in the meta-heuristic searching is the selection criteria of the elite solutions from one iteration to another. Two common selection criteria are roulette wheel and pairwise tournament. In this article, a hybrid based selection is applied under genetic algorithm for solving the problem of WSND. The hybrid based selection selects between roulette wheel and pairwise tournament in order to maintain good exploration and fast convergence toward the best solutions
Study of Origin, Geology and Geochemical Classification of the Granitoids of Imori Area, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Dung Joro Joshua , Ifeanyi Achuenu
Published: April 2022

Two distinct generationsof granitiods in terms of space and time were identified in the Imori fields of north central Nigeria. The first generation is the Older Pan-Africa calc-alkaline granite suites(OPACG)which comprises the migmatite-gneiss and the porphyritic hornblende-biotite granite.The second group is the Younger Mesozoic alkali granite suites (YMAG).This comprises the rhyolite, biotite granite and arfvedsonite granite. The OPACGsuites are characterized by depletion in SiO2ranging from 63.30 wt % -68.38 wt % as compared to the YMAGsuites which range from 70.41 wt % -79.14 wt %. In addition, the OPACGsuites are characterized by higher concentrations of MgO, fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, CaO and Sr as compared to the YMAGsuites. The YMAGsuites are characterized by an excess of total alkaloids (Na2O +K2O), Cr, Nb, W, Ta, and lower concentrations of ferromagnesian minerals. These characteristic indicates that the OPACGsuites are generated from deep seated crustal levels rocks with the possibility of mantle materials. The YMAGsuites were originated from partial melting of crustal sialic materials. Both thetrace element patterns of the OPACG suites and the YMAGsuites indicate that each suiteis co-magmatic.
Appraisal of Sensor Technology as Innovative Pedagogy in Building Technology for Improving Safety Management of Building Construction Sites in Nigeria
Authors: Vincent Deborah Ahuoiza , Victor Okanya Arinzechukwu , Asogwa Japel Onyekachi , Benjamin Ujevbe Oke
Published: April 2022

The study appraised sensor technology as innovative pedagogy in building technology for improving safety management of building construction sites in Enugu State, Nigeria. Two purposes and two research questions guided the study. The design was a descriptive survey and the instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The population for the study was 65, comprising of42 Construction managers and 23 Site supervisors from registered construction company residents in Enugu state. Three experts face validated the Instrument and the Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items while 0.89 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study found 13 sensor technologies that can be used for safety management in construction sites in building technology. The findings of the study also revealed that sensor technology is an innovative pedagogy for improving safety management in construction sites. The study, therefore, recommended, among others, that construction managers should adopt the use of sensor technology for safety management in building construction sites, all construction workers should be trained on the use of sensor technology and the curriculum of building technology should be reviewed to accommodate the new innovation.
THE EFFECT OF OBESITY, STRESS AND PROBIOTICS ON THE RESORPTION OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE JAWS IN RATS
Authors: Yevtushok V.V. , Tsebenko M.O. , Neporada K.S.
Published: April 2022

We studied the role of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei in correcting the resorptive effect on the alveolar process of the jaws in obesity and stress in a model of glutamate-induced obesity and in combination with immobilization stress in rats. We found a reliably significant difference between the groups of intact rats and rats with induced obesity; a group of rats subjected to immobilization stress, and a group of rats with comorbidity of these conditions. The obtained results indicate the resorptive effect of obesity and stress on the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the jaws in animals. At the same time, no statistically significant difference between the groups of rats with obesity, stress, and obesity under stress was found, indicating approximately the same effect of obesity, stress and their combination on the resorption of alveolar bone of the jaws in the studied animals. Analyzing the effectiveness of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei, we found reliable changes between the group of rats in which obesity was modeled and animals with comorbidity of these conditions as compared to the corresponding control. Thus, in the groups of rats, subjected to obesity, and obesity with stress, probiotic correction showed an antiresorptive effect, which is confirmed by a reliably significant difference in the coefficient of exposure of molar roots as compared to the corresponding groups without correction.