bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital economy and the domestic supply chain network
Authors: Jing Guangzheng , Meng Shanshan , Yu Miaojie
Published: April 2023

Accelerating the development of the digital economy and building digital industrial clusters with international competitiveness has become an important connotation of China's high-quality economic development. From the perspective of the digital economy, this paper makes an in-depth study of the internal mechanism of the development of the digital economy on the supply chain network of Chinese enterprises, and uses the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2007 to 2016 to identify and test the causal effect and influence mechanism of the digital economy and the position of enterprise supply chain network under the empirical framework. Research shows that the development of the digital economy is conducive to enhancing the influence of Chinese enterprises and improving their central position in the existing supply chain network. The digital economy promotes enterprise supply chain network status through the information transmission effect and technological innovation effect. Compared with digital economy industries, state-owned enterprises, and enterprises in coastal areas, the development of the digital economy has a greater positive role in promoting the position of the supply chain network of traditional industries, non-state-owned enterprises, and enterprises in inland areas. The research of this paper provides a practical basis for accelerating the construction of modern industrial chain and supply chain systems and promoting high-quality economic development.
Shape of sessile drops in the large-Bond-number ‘pancake’ limit
Authors: Yariv Ehud , Schnitzer Ory
Published: April 2023

We revisit the classical problem of calculating the pancake-like shape of a sessile drop at large Bond numbers. Starting from a formulation where drop volume and contact angle are prescribed, we develop an asymptotic scheme which systematically produces approximations to the two key pancake parameters, height and radius. The scheme is based on asymptotic matching of a ‘flat region’ where capillarity is negligible and an ‘edge region’ near the contact line. Major simplifications follow from the distinction between algebraically and exponentially small terms, together with the use of two exact integral relations. The first represents a force balance in the vertical direction. The second, which can be interpreted as a radial force balance on the drop edge (up to exponentially small terms), generalises an approximate force balance used in classical treatments. The resulting approximations for the geometric pancake parameters, which go beyond known leading-order results, are compared with numerical calculations tailored to the pancake limit. These, in turn, are facilitated by an asymptotic approximation for the exponentially small apex curvature, which we obtain using a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method. We also consider the comparable two-dimensional problem, where similar integral balances explicitly determine the pancake parameters in closed form up to an exponentially small error.
Bead-on-fibre morphology in shear-thinning flow
Authors: Gabbard Chase T. , Bostwick Joshua B.
Published: April 2023

Thin-film flow down a fibre exhibits rich dynamics and is relevant to applications such as desalination, fibre coating and fog harvesting. These flows are subject to instabilities that result in dynamic bead-on-fibre patterns. We perform an experimental study of shear-thinning flow down fibres using 20 different xanthan gum solutions as our working liquid. The bead-on-fibre morphology can be oriented either symmetrically or asymmetrically on the fibre, and this depends upon the surface tension, fibre diameter and liquid rheology, as defined by the Ostwald power-law index. For highly shear-thinning liquids, it is possible for the pattern to be complex and exhibit simultaneously both asymmetric large beads and symmetric small beads in the isolated and convective flow regimes. We quantify the transition between flow regimes and bead dynamics for the asymmetric morphology, and compare with Newtonian flow, as it depends upon the experimental parameters. Finally, the dimensionless bead frequency is shown to scale with the Bond number for all of our experimental data (symmetric and asymmetric).
Natural Hazards, Social Policy, and Electoral Performance: Evidence from the 2017 Earthquake in Mexico City
Authors: Martinez-Alvarez Cesar B. , Rodriguez-Valadez José María
Published: April 2023

Do large-scale and unexpected events, such as natural disasters, affect elections? This article studies the political dimension of the 19-S earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017, a few months before the 2018 elections. Using fine-grained geospatial data, the results show that candidates from the city-level incumbent Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) had a small increase in vote share in 2018 compared to the previous election in precincts more exposed to damaged caused by the earthquake (in terms of both distance-based and per capita measures), accounting for the seismic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. The article shows that the implementation of disaster-recovery policy explains part of this relationship. Moreover, voters were as electorally responsive to a future risk reduction strategy as to a reconstruction credit.
The Silenced Text: Field Experiments on Gendered Experiences of Political Participation
Authors: YAN ALAN N. , BERNHARD RACHEL
Published: April 2023

Who gets to “speak up” in politics? Whose voices are silenced? We conducted two field experiments to understand how harassment shapes the everyday experiences of politics for men and women in the United States today. We randomized the names campaign volunteers used to text supporters reminders to participate in a protest and call their representatives. We find that female-named volunteers receive more offensive, silencing, and withdrawal responses than male-named or ambiguously named volunteers. However, supporters were also more likely to respond and agree to their asks. These findings help make sense of prior research that finds women are less likely than men to participate in politics, and raise new questions about whether individual women may be perceived as symbolic representatives of women as a group. We conclude by discussing the implications for gender equality and political activism.
Something New out of Africa: States Made Slaves, Slaves Made States
Authors: Sharman J.C.
Published: April 2023

In this article I explain a nexus between slavery and state formation in Africa, proceeding from initial demographic and institutional conditions to an external demand shift, individual state responses, and their collective systemic consequences. Historically, African rulers faced distinctive challenges: low population density prioritized control of people more than territory, and internal disintegration was often a greater threat than external conquest. A massive expansion in the demand for slaves offered African rulers increased opportunities to use external resources for “outside-in” state building. Many did so by creating highly militarized predatory slaving states. The collective consequence was heightened systemic insecurity. Variation in the timing of these developments reflected regional and historical variation in the expansion of the demand for slaves. Slaving states appeared first in West Africa, reflecting the late-seventeenth-century expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, before spreading to East Africa a century later, following the parallel later increase in the Indian Ocean slave trade. This “outside-in” path to state formation both parallels and contrasts with contemporary postcolonial state formation.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Trichuris muris (Nematoda: Trichuridae): studies from two commensal rodent species
Authors: Panti-May J.A. , Gómez Muñoz M.Á. , Yeh-Gorocica A.B. , Hernández-Betancourt S. , Milano F. , Galliari C. , Robles M. R.
Published: April 2023

In this paper we re-describe Trichuris muris based on morphological data following isolation from two commensal rodent species, Mus musculus from Mexico and Rattus rattus from Argentina. Furthermore, we provide a molecular characterization based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2 region) markers in order to support the taxonomic identification of the studied specimens of T. muris from M. musculus. We distinguished T. muris from 29 species of Trichuris found in American rodents based on morphological and biometrical features, such as the presence of a spicular tube, length of spicule, size of proximal and distal cloacal tube and non-protrusive vulva. We suggest that spicular tube patterns can be used to classify Trichuris species in three groups. Considering that the diagnosis among the species of this genus is mainly based on morphometry, this proposal represents a relevant contribution. We provide molecular studies on two markers, making this the first contribution for T. muris in the Americas. This study makes an important contribution to the integrative taxonomy of cosmopolitan nematode species, and its correct determination from the parasitological study of commensal rodents.
‘In the interest of your bank and our country’: Two encounters between China and the International Chamber of Commerce
Authors: Lin Yi-Tang , David Thomas , Eichenberger Pierre
Published: April 2023

This article examines China’s path to joining the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), a private international organization founded in Paris in 1920, of which China was a member from 1931–1949 and from 1994 onwards. The article charts the actors and debates behind two meaningful encounters. The first took place while the Nanjing government was raising funds for economic reconstruction, and the ICC aimed to mediate China’s fundraising efforts through private multilateral channels. The second was in the 1980s, when the People’s Republic was seeking to enter the world trade system. ICC members acted as educators and facilitators of world trade practicalities for the People’s Republic, which eventually rejoined the ICC in 1994. The article draws on Chinese, European, and American source material collected from governments, chambers of commerce, and private businessmen to make a twofold contribution. First, it adds nuance to the narrative of China’s economic internationalization by identifying an important non-governmental diplomatic channel. Second, it questions the ICC’s self-proclaimed identity as a non-political economic organization by showing how the political was indissociable from the economic when it came to China’s membership.
Understanding millennial women's attitudes towards the state pension in the United Kingdom
Authors: Foster Liam
Published: April 2023

Many international pension systems have undergone extensive changes over recent decades, associated with a dominant narrative of the need to respond to the pressures of population ageing. This has resulted in an increasing emphasis on curtailing the role of the state and promoting individual responsibility for pension saving. However, there is currently limited research which considers attitudes and expectations surrounding pension developments and, in particular, the role of state pensions. This is despite these factors influencing pension savings behaviour. Existing research suggests that under-saving is most common amongst women (linked to their more fragmented employment histories throughout the lifecourse) and millennials (born in the early 1980s up to the mid- to late 1990s), indicating the importance of better understanding their attitudes and expectations regarding pensions. This article aims to address this knowledge gap by exploring, in the United Kingdom, millennial women's knowledge, attitudes and expectations regarding state pensions, using 45 qualitative interviews and a focus group. The findings demonstrate that millennial women's situation regarding state pensions is characterised by a lack of knowledge, awareness and certainty, which influences their pensions behaviour. It identifies that, in general, pensions were not perceived as a current financial priority, with more immediate priorities taking precedence. Active engagement with pensions and uncertainties throughout the lifecourse, many of which people cannot control, presented a challenge to pension saving. Retirement was often seen as a distinct stage, with participants struggling to visualise their long-term future. The research contributes to the limited international understanding of attitudes towards pension knowledge and expectations, and their links to pension behaviour. It highlights the need for measures to encourage a greater focus on longer-term saving habits, accompanied by a context of collective policy solutions to pension challenges, as opposed to framing pensions in a purely individualised neo-liberal policy framework which adversely impacts on women's pension prospects.
Superior caval vein syndrome and cardiac inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in an infant
Authors: Soares Bernardo Mussi , Soares Andressa Mussi , Aiello Vera Demarchi
Published: April 2023

The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, although very rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracardiac masses in children as it has systemic implications. We present a case of an infant whose diagnosis was suspected on clinical basis and echocardiogram, but the anatomopathological analysis with immunohistochemical study was essential for the conclusion of the histological type and orientation of the clinical follow-up.
‘Remoteness was a blessing, but also a potential downfall’: traditional/subsistence and store-bought food access in remote Alaska during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fried Ruby L , Hahn Micah B , Cochran Patricia , Eichelberger Laura P
Published: April 2023

Objective:

This study employs a strengths-based approach to assess food access in remote Alaska during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying both the negative consequences of the pandemic on store-bought and subsistence/traditional food access and compensatory strategies used.

Design:

As a part of a larger study on the impacts of COVID-19 on daily life remote Alaskan communities, study data presented here were collected through key informant interviews (KII) and state-wide online surveys from 21 September 2020 to 31 March 2021 among remote Alaska community members.

Setting:

This study was conducted with residents of remote communities in Alaska, defined as those off the road system. Remote communities often have small or no grocery stores and rely on subsistence or traditional sources of food.

Participants:

KII participants (n 36) were majority female (78 %) and Alaska Native (57 %). Survey participants (n 615) were also majority female, 25–54 years old and most had had some post-secondary education or training.

Results:

Survey and interview data revealed that the pandemic had significant negative impacts on store-bought food access in remote Alaskan communities. Individuals also shared that locally available and wild harvested foods acted as a buffer to some of the loss of access to these store-bought foods, with some people sharing that the harvesting of wild and traditional foods served as a coping strategy during times of pandemic-related stress.

Conclusions:

The results from this study demonstrate that the remoteness of some Alaskan communities has been both a source of vulnerability and protection in terms of food access.
Disability and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Ukrainian General Population during the 2022 Russian Invasion
Authors: Kang Tarandeep S. , Goodwin Robin , Hamama-Raz Yaira , Leshem Elazar , Ben-Ezra Menachem
Published: April 2023

Aims

Previous research has shown that people with disabilities are disproportionately vulnerable to symptoms of psychological distress after exposure to armed conflict. Past work has also shown that individuals displaced by conflict are at heightened risk of post-traumatic stress. Using a national online sample of Ukrainians in the early weeks of the 2022 Russian invasion, we aim to examine associations between functional disability and symptoms of post-traumatic stress.

Methods

We examined the association between levels of functional disability in the Ukrainian population and symptoms of post-traumatic stress during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We analysed data from a national sample of 2000 participants from across this country, assessing disability using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12)(six domains of disability) and the International Trauma Questionnaire assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology according to the Eleventh Edition of The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Moderated regression examined the impact of displacement status on the disability–post-traumatic stress relationship.

Results

Different domains of disability predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) to varying extents, with overall disability score significantly associated with PTSSs. This relationship was not moderated by displacement status. Consistent with previous research, females reported higher levels of post-traumatic stress.

Conclusions

In a study of a general population during a time of armed conflict, individuals with more severe disabilities were at greater risk of PTSSs. Psychiatrists and related professionals should consider pre-existing disability as a risk factor for conflict-related post-traumatic stress.
Anxiety in Early Adolescents During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dorčić Tamara Martinac , Živčić-Bećirević Ivanka , Smojver-Ažić Sanja
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems in children, with an increasing trend during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive emotion-regulation strategies in the relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms of children and early adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted the study with 234 elementary school students (128 females) aged 11 to 15 years. The students completed the COVID-19 Stress Scale, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. To determine whether stress affects anxiety symptoms both directly and indirectly through intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive emotion-regulation strategies, we performed a mediation analysis with gender as a covariate. Results: Our results confirmed cognitive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty as important cognitive vulnerability factors for anxiety in children and adolescents. A stressful experience contributes directly to anxiety and indirectly through higher intolerance of uncertainty and less adaptive strategies. The results serve to further improve prevention and intervention programs for children and adolescents which focus on correcting maladaptive cognitive emotion-regulation strategies and increasing tolerance of uncertainty.
The Link Between the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Rainfall Trends in Northwest Australia
Authors: Borowiak Alexander , King Andrew , Lane Todd
Published: April 2023

Rainfall during the monsoon in northwest Australia has increased since the 1950s. Previous studies have explored possible causes of the rainfall increase; however, the trend has not been fully explained. Understanding the cause of this trend is important for interpreting climate projections and local water‐sensitive services. We explore the role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in explaining the rainfall increase. The MJO, since 1974, has had a longer duration in phases associated with enhanced rainfall in northwest Australia (Phases 5 and 6) during the monsoon. We show that the rainfall trend in northwest Australia is identified only during MJO phases associated with enhanced rainfall, with a large change in daily rainfall distribution in these phases. The increasing occurrence of these MJO phases explains most of the rainfall increase, as opposed to an increase in daily rainfall independent of MJO phase, albeit with some sensitivity to MJO definition.
Factorial CGE‐Based Analysis for the Indirect Benefits of the Three Gorges Project
Authors: Han Dengcheng , Huang Guohe , Liu Lirong , Zhai Mengyu , Fu Yupeng , Gao Sichen , Li Jianyong , Pan Xiaojie
Published: April 2023

Large‐scale hydraulic projects (LHPs) have become increasingly significant in river basin flood‐risk management. Although LHPs’ direct flood‐retention benefits have been clearly shown, there has been a dearth of a comprehensive examination of their indirect implications, which can be more long‐lasting and substantial in both environmental and economic terms. Thus, this study develops a factorial computable general equilibrium (CGE)‐based LHP‐effect analysis approach (FLEA) to quantify the indirect impacts of LHPs and simulate postflood recovery strategies under diverse scenarios. The FLEA integrates a factorial analysis with a dynamic CGE framework, including a flood module that connects hydraulic initiatives to the economy during floods. The FLEA is applied to the Three Gorges Project (TGP). The results demonstrate that ∼$57 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and ∼12.9 Mt CO2eq reduction would be created annually through supply chains by the TGP. When floods strike, the TGP has the potential to save ∼$21 billion in GDP directly and reduce long‐term GDP losses by ∼50% throughout the reconstruction period. The TGP can have a considerable indirect impact on manufacturing. Furthermore, improved regulations and maintenance for the TGP may be desired for mitigating long‐term flood‐related losses, which is more crucial than aggressive postflood fiscal stimuli.
Diffusive‐Dispersive Isotope Fractionation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater: The Key Role of Incomplete Mixing and Its Multi‐Scale Effects
Authors: Wienkenjohann Henning , Jin Biao , Rolle Massimo
Published: April 2023

Diffusive‐dispersive processes are ubiquitous in porous media with important implications for solute transport in many natural and engineered systems; however, their effects on isotope fractionation of organic contaminants in subsurface flow‐through systems is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the propagation of isotope shifts in groundwater systems, induced by lateral diffusive‐dispersive isotope fractionation, on carbon and chlorine isotope signatures of chlorinated ethene plumes at steady state. We consider three distinct spatial scales (i.e., pore, laboratory, and field scales) and explore isotope fractionation with high‐resolution pore‐scale simulations, flow‐through experiments, and field‐scale numerical modeling. The experimental lab‐scale investigation was carried out using cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE) as model contaminant, whereas cis‐DCE and trichloroethene (TCE) were considered in the multi‐scale numerical simulations. The pore‐scale analysis of transverse displacement demonstrates significant isotope fractionation over a wide range of seepage velocities (0.1–10 m/day). The pore‐scale simulations illuminate the key role of incomplete mixing, which sustains isotopologue‐specific gradients in the pore channels and results in the strongest isotope fractionation (−6‰ for carbon; −10‰ for chlorine) at the fastest flow velocity. The outcomes of the flow‐through experiments support the key role of isotopologue‐specific aqueous diffusion also at the laboratory scale, where significant diffusive‐dispersive isotopic shifts were observed at the outlet of the setup. Finally, the detailed field‐scale numerical simulations, performed in a cross‐section of a heterogeneous aquifer, illustrate that the microscopic diffusion‐induced isotope fraction propagates at macroscopic scales.
Estimating Aquifer System Storage Loss With Water Levels, Pumping and InSAR Data in the Parowan Valley, Utah
Authors: Smith Ryan , Li Jiawei , Grote Katherine , Butler Jim
Published: April 2023

In the Parowan Valley of Utah, groundwater levels have declined by as much as 30 m over the past 50 years with accompanying subsidence rates of up to 5 cm/year. Traditional methods to estimate groundwater storage change use a combination of groundwater level and storativity estimates, but there is often considerable uncertainty in these. In this study, we demonstrate a new method that relies on a combination of geodetic data from InSAR, as well as groundwater level and pumping data, to estimate both the total groundwater storage loss and the percentages of storage loss in fine‐ and coarse‐grained layers within an aquifer system. We find that when aggregated over all of Parowan Valley, fine‐ and coarse‐grained layers account for roughly equal portions of the total groundwater storage loss. However, in confined aquifers, fine‐grained layers account for most of the storage loss. This has important implications on the source of groundwater in depleting aquifer systems, as many models do not account for fine‐grained layers as a source of water. We find that in the Parowan Valley, the aquifer depletion is roughly 12.5% of the volume of pumped groundwater, meaning that the remainder of pumped groundwater is sourced from net inflow. This study presents the first method that combines geodetic and in situ groundwater data to provide estimates of groundwater storage change that account for both coarse‐ and fine‐grained intervals, which are typically present in significant amounts in the major unconsolidated aquifer systems of the world.
Asteroid Impacts Could Have Warmed Ancient Mars
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen released during large impacts might have boosted Mars’s surface temperature above freezing for thousands or even millions of years, enabling liquid water to flow over the Red Planet.
Deep-learning-based gas identification by time-variant illumination of a single micro-LED-embedded gas sensor
Authors: Cho Incheol , Lee Kichul , Sim Young Chul , Jeong Jae-Seok , Cho Minkyu , Jung Heechan , Kang Mingu , Cho Yong-Hoon , Ha Seung Chul , Yoon Kuk-Jin , Park Inkyu
Published: April 2023

Electronic nose (e-nose) technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications, such as smart factory and personal health monitoring. To overcome the cross-reactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species, herein, we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED (μLED)-embedded photoactivated (μLP) gas sensor, utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases. A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses. A deep neural network is employed to analyze the obtained complex transient signals for gas detection and concentration estimation. The proposed sensor system achieves high classification (~96.99%) and quantification (mean absolute percentage error ~ 31.99%) accuracies for various toxic gases (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and nitrogen dioxide) with a single gas sensor consuming 0.53 mW. The proposed method may significantly improve the efficiency of e-nose technology in terms of cost, space, and power consumption.
Gradients of striatal function in antipsychotic-free first-episode psychosis and schizotypy
Authors: Oldehinkel Marianne , Tiego Jeggan , Sabaroedin Kristina , Chopra Sidhant , Francey Shona M. , O’Donoghue Brian , Cropley Vanessa , Nelson Barnaby , Graham Jessica , Baldwin Lara , Yuen Hok Pan , Allott Kelly , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Harrigan Susy , Pantelis Christos , Wood Stephen J. , McGorry Patrick , Bellgrove Mark A. , Fornito Alex
Published: April 2023

Both psychotic illness and subclinical psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with cortico-striatal dysfunction. This work has largely relied on a discrete parcellation of the striatum into distinct functional areas, but recent evidence suggests that the striatum comprises multiple overlapping and smoothly varying gradients (i.e., modes) of functional organization. Here, we investigated two of these functional connectivity modes, previously associated with variations in the topographic patterning of cortico-striatal connectivity (first-order gradient), and dopaminergic innervation of the striatum (second-order gradient), and assessed continuities in striatal function from subclinical to clinical domains. We applied connectopic mapping to resting-state fMRI data to obtain the first-order and second-order striatal connectivity modes in two distinct samples: (1) 56 antipsychotic-free patients (26 females) with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 27 healthy controls (17 females); and (2) a community-based cohort of 377 healthy individuals (213 females) comprehensively assessed for subclinical PLEs and schizotypy. The first-order “cortico-striatal” and second-order “dopaminergic” connectivity gradients were significantly different in FEP patients compared to controls bilaterally. In the independent sample of healthy individuals, variations in the left first-order “cortico-striatal” connectivity gradient were associated with inter-individual differences in a factor capturing general schizotypy and PLE severity. The presumed cortico-striatal connectivity gradient was implicated in both subclinical and clinical cohorts, suggesting that variations in its organization may represent a neurobiological trait marker across the psychosis continuum. Disruption of the presumed dopaminergic gradient was only noticeable in patients, suggesting that neurotransmitter dysfunction may be more apparent to clinical illness.
Predicting suicide risk in 137,112 people with severe mental illness in Finland: external validation of the Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide tool (OxMIS)
Authors: Sariaslan Amir , Fanshawe Thomas , Pitkänen Joonas , Cipriani Andrea , Martikainen Pekka , Fazel Seena
Published: April 2023

Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide tool (OxMIS) is a standardised, scalable, and transparent instrument for suicide risk assessment in people with severe mental illness (SMI) based on 17 sociodemographic, criminal history, familial, and clinical risk factors. However, alongside most prediction models in psychiatry, external validations are currently lacking. We utilised a Finnish population sample of all persons diagnosed by mental health services with SMI (schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders) between 1996 and 2017 (n = 137,112). To evaluate the performance of OxMIS, we initially calculated the predicted 12-month suicide risk for each individual by weighting risk factors by effect sizes reported in the original OxMIS prediction model and converted to a probability. This probability was then used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the OxMIS model in this external sample. Within a year of assessment, 1.1% of people with SMI (n = 1475) had died by suicide. The overall discrimination of the tool was good, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.71). The model initially overestimated suicide risks in those with elevated predicted risks of >5% over 12 months (Harrell’s Emax = 0.114), which applied to 1.3% (n = 1780) of the cohort. However, when we used a 5% maximum predicted suicide risk threshold as is recommended clinically, the calibration was excellent (ICI = 0.002; Emax = 0.005). Validating clinical prediction tools using routinely collected data can address research gaps in prediction psychiatry and is a necessary step to translating such models into clinical practice.
Scalable synthesis of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites for large-scale CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Sun Ji Wei , Wu Xuefeng , Liu Peng Fei , Chen Jiacheng , Liu Yuanwei , Lou Zhen Xin , Zhao Jia Yue , Yuan Hai Yang , Chen Aiping , Wang Xue Lu , Zhu Minghui , Dai Sheng , Yang Hua Gui
Published: April 2023

Practical electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion requires a non-precious catalyst to react at high selectivity and high rate. Atomically dispersed, coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites have shown great performance in CO2electroreduction; however, their controllable and large-scale fabrication still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a general method to fabricate coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites doped within carbon nanotubes, among which cobalt single-atom catalysts can mediate efficient CO2-to-CO formation in a membrane flow configuration, achieving a current density of 200 mA cm−2with CO selectivity of 95.4% and high full-cell energy efficiency of 54.1%, outperforming most of CO2-to-CO conversion electrolyzers. By expanding the cell area to 100 cm2, this catalyst sustains a high-current electrolysis at 10 A with 86.8% CO selectivity and the single-pass conversion can reach 40.4% at a high CO2flow rate of 150 sccm. This fabrication method can be scaled up with negligible decay in CO2-to-CO activity. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical results reveal the crucial role of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites, which facilitate CO2adsorption and key *COOH intermediate formation.
Diffusion capacity of single and interconnected networks
Authors: Schieber Tiago A. , Carpi Laura C. , Pardalos Panos M. , Masoller Cristina , Díaz-Guilera Albert , Ravetti Martín G.
Published: April 2023

Understanding diffusive processes in networks is a significant challenge in complexity science. Networks possess a diffusive potential that depends on their topological configuration, but diffusion also relies on the process and initial conditions. This article presents Diffusion Capacity, a concept that measures a node’s potential to diffuse information based on a distance distribution that considers both geodesic and weighted shortest paths and dynamical features of the diffusion process. Diffusion Capacity thoroughly describes the role of individual nodes during a diffusion process and can identify structural modifications that may improve diffusion mechanisms. The article defines Diffusion Capacity for interconnected networks and introduces Relative Gain, which compares the performance of a node in a single structure versus an interconnected one. The method applies to a global climate network constructed from surface air temperature data, revealing a significant change in diffusion capacity around the year 2000, suggesting a loss of the planet’s diffusion capacity that could contribute to the emergence of more frequent climatic events.
PepQuery2 democratizes public MS proteomics data for rapid peptide searching
Authors: Wen Bo , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2023

We present PepQuery2, which leverages a new tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data indexing approach to enable ultrafast, targeted identification of novel and known peptides in any local or publicly available MS proteomics datasets. The stand-alone version of PepQuery2 allows directly searching more than one billion indexed MS/MS spectra in the PepQueryDB or any public datasets from PRIDE, MassIVE, iProX, or jPOSTrepo, whereas the web version enables users to search datasets in PepQueryDB with a user-friendly interface. We demonstrate the utilities of PepQuery2 in a wide range of applications including detecting proteomic evidence for genomically predicted novel peptides, validating novel and known peptides identified using spectrum-centric database searching, prioritizing tumor-specific antigens, identifying missing proteins, and selecting proteotypic peptides for targeted proteomics experiments. By putting public MS proteomics data directly into the hands of scientists, PepQuery2 opens many new ways to transform these data into useful information for the broad research community.
Transcriptomic profiles and 5-year results from the randomized CLL14 study of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Al-Sawaf Othman , Zhang Can , Jin Hyun Yong , Robrecht Sandra , Choi Yoonha , Balasubramanian Sandhya , Kotak Alex , Chang Yi Meng , Fink Anna Maria , Tausch Eugen , Schneider Christof , Ritgen Matthias , Kreuzer Karl-Anton , Chyla Brenda , Paulson Joseph N. , Pallasch Christian P. , Frenzel Lukas P. , Peifer Martin , Eichhorst Barbara , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Jiang Yanwen , Hallek Michael , Fischer Kirsten
Published: April 2023

Data on long-term outcomes and biological drivers associated with depth of remission after BCL2 inhibition by venetoclax in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are limited. In this open-label parallel-group phase-3 study, 432 patients with previously untreated CLL were randomized (1:1) to receive either 1-year venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi, 216 patients) or chlorambucil-Obi (Clb-Obi, 216 patients) therapy (NCT02242942). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included minimal residual disease (MRD) and overall survival. RNA sequencing of CD19-enriched blood was conducted for exploratory post-hoc analyses. After a median follow-up of 65.4 months, PFS is significantly superior for Ven-Obi compared to Clb-Obi (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% CI 0.26–0.46], p < 0.0001). At 5 years after randomization, the estimated PFS rate is 62.6% after Ven-Obi and 27.0% after Clb-Obi. In both arms, MRD status at the end of therapy is associated with longer PFS. MRD + ( ≥ 10−4) status is associated with increased expression of multi-drug resistance gene ABCB1 (MDR1), whereas MRD6 (< 10−6) is associated with BCL2L11 (BIM) expression. Inflammatory response pathways are enriched in MRD+ patient solely in the Ven-Obi arm. These data indicate sustained long-term efficacy of fixed-duration Ven-Obi in patients with previously untreated CLL. The distinct transcriptomic profile of MRD+ status suggests possible biological vulnerabilities.
Bladder cancer organoids as a functional system to model different disease stages and therapy response
Authors: Minoli Martina , Cantore Thomas , Hanhart Daniel , Kiener Mirjam , Fedrizzi Tarcisio , La Manna Federico , Karkampouna Sofia , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Genitsch Vera , Rodriguez-Calero Antonio , Compérat Eva , Klima Irena , Gasperini Paola , Kiss Bernhard , Seiler Roland , Demichelis Francesca , Thalmann George N. , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna
Published: April 2023

Bladder Cancer (BLCa) inter-patient heterogeneity is the primary cause of treatment failure, suggesting that patients could benefit from a more personalized treatment approach. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been successfully used as a functional model for predicting drug response in different cancers. In our study, we establish PDO cultures from different BLCa stages and grades. PDOs preserve the histological and molecular heterogeneity of the parental tumors, including their multiclonal genetic landscapes, and consistently share key genetic alterations, mirroring tumor evolution in longitudinal sampling. Our drug screening pipeline is implemented using PDOs, testing standard-of-care and FDA-approved compounds for other tumors. Integrative analysis of drug response profiles with matched PDO genomic analysis is used to determine enrichment thresholds for candidate markers of therapy response and resistance. Finally, by assessing the clinical history of longitudinally sampled cases, we can determine whether the disease clonal evolution matched with drug response.
Distinct spatial immune microlandscapes are independently associated with outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Carter Jodi M. , Chumsri Saranya , Hinerfeld Douglas A. , Ma Yaohua , Wang Xue , Zahrieh David , Hillman David W. , Tenner Kathleen S. , Kachergus Jennifer M. , Brauer Heather Ann , Warren Sarah E. , Henderson David , Shi Ji , Liu Yi , Joensuu Heikki , Lindman Henrik , Leon-Ferre Roberto A. , Boughey Judy C. , Liu Minetta C. , Ingle James N. , Kalari Krishna R. , Couch Fergus J. , Knutson Keith L. , Goetz Matthew P. , Perez Edith A. , Thompson E. Aubrey
Published: April 2023

The utility of spatial immunobiomarker quantitation in prognostication and therapeutic prediction is actively being investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, with high-plex quantitative digital spatial profiling, we map and quantitate intraepithelial and adjacent stromal tumor immune protein microenvironments in systemic treatment-naïve (female only) TNBC to assess the spatial context in immunobiomarker-based prediction of outcome. Immune protein profiles of CD45-rich and CD68-rich stromal microenvironments differ significantly. While they typically mirror adjacent, intraepithelial microenvironments, this is not uniformly true. In two TNBC cohorts, intraepithelial CD40 or HLA-DR enrichment associates with better outcomes, independently of stromal immune protein profiles or stromal TILs and other established prognostic variables. In contrast, intraepithelial or stromal microenvironment enrichment with IDO1 associates with improved survival irrespective of its spatial location. Antigen-presenting and T-cell activation states are inferred from eigenprotein scores. Such scores within the intraepithelial compartment interact with PD-L1 and IDO1 in ways that suggest prognostic and/or therapeutic potential. This characterization of the intrinsic spatial immunobiology of treatment-naïve TNBC highlights the importance of spatial microenvironments for biomarker quantitation to resolve intrinsic prognostic and predictive immune features and ultimately inform therapeutic strategies for clinically actionable immune biomarkers.
Adaptable covalently cross-linked fibers
Authors: Tan Hui , Zhang Luzhi , Ma Xiaopeng , Sun Lijie , Yu Dingle , You Zhengwei
Published: April 2023

Fibers, with over 100 million tons produced each year, have been widely used in various areas. Recent efforts have focused on improving mechanical properties and chemical resistance of fibers via covalent cross-linking. However, the covalently cross-linked polymers are usually insoluble and infusible, and thus fiber fabrication is difficult. Those reported require complex multiple-step preparation processes. Herein, we present a facile and effective strategy to prepare adaptable covalently cross-linked fibers by direct melt spinning of covalent adaptable networks (CANs). At processing temperature, dynamic covalent bonds are reversibly dissociated/associated and the CANs are temporarily disconnected to enable melt spinning; at the service temperature, the dynamic covalent bonds are frozen, and the CANs exhibit favorable structural stability. We demonstrate the efficiency of this strategy via dynamic oxime-urethane based CANs, and successfully prepare adaptable covalently cross-linked fibers with robust mechanical properties (maximum elongation of 2639%, tensile strength of 87.68 MPa, almost complete recovery from an elongation of 800%) and solvent resistance. Application of this technology is demonstrated by an organic solvent resistant and stretchable conductive fiber.
Dynamic self-organisation and pattern formation by magnon-polarons
Authors: Gidding M. , Janssen T. , Davies C. S. , Kirilyuk A.
Published: April 2023

Magnetic materials play a vital role in energy-efficient data storage technologies, combining very fast switching with long-term retention of information. However, it has been shown that, at very short time scales, magnetisation dynamics become chaotic due to internal instabilities, resulting in incoherent spin-wave excitations that ultimately destroy magnetic ordering. Here, contrary to expectations, we show that such chaos gives rise to a periodic pattern of reversed magnetic domains, with a feature size far smaller than the spatial extent of the excitation. We explain this pattern as a result of phase-synchronisation of magnon-polaron quasiparticles, driven by strong coupling of magnetic and elastic modes. Our results reveal not only the peculiar formation and evolution of magnon-polarons at short time-scales, but also present an alternative mechanism of magnetisation reversal driven by coherent packets of short-wavelength magnetoelastic waves.
DNMT1 mutant ants develop normally but have disrupted oogenesis
Authors: Ivasyk Iryna , Olivos-Cisneros Leonora , Valdés-Rodríguez Stephany , Droual Marie , Jang Hosung , Schmitz Robert J. , Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: April 2023

Although DNA methylation is an important gene regulatory mechanism in mammals, its function in arthropods remains poorly understood. Studies in eusocial insects have argued for its role in caste development by regulating gene expression and splicing. However, such findings are not always consistent across studies, and have therefore remained controversial. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 in the clonal raider ant, Ooceraea biroi. Mutants have greatly reduced DNA methylation, but no obvious developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that, unlike mammals, ants can undergo normal development without DNMT1 or DNA methylation. Additionally, we find no evidence of DNA methylation regulating caste development. However, mutants are sterile, whereas in wild-type ants, DNMT1 is localized to the ovaries and maternally provisioned into nascent oocytes. This supports the idea that DNMT1 plays a crucial but unknown role in the insect germline.
Multifunctional solvent molecule design enables high-voltage Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Zhang Haikuo , Weng Suting , Li Ruhong , Lu Di , Deng Tao , Zhang Shuoqing , Lv Ling , Qi Jiacheng , Xiao Xuezhang , Fan Liwu , Geng Shujiang , Wang Fuhui , Chen Lixin , Noked Malachi , Wang Xuefeng , Fan Xiulin
Published: April 2023

Elevating the charging cut-off voltage is one of the efficient approaches to boost the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, this method is limited by the occurrence of severe parasitic reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces. Herein, to address this issue, we design a non-flammable fluorinated sulfonate electrolyte by multifunctional solvent molecule design, which enables the formation of an inorganic-rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on high-voltage cathodes and a hybrid organic/inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite anode. The electrolyte, consisting of 1.9 M LiFSI in a 1:2 v/v mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methanesulfonate, endows 4.55 V-charged graphite||LiCoO2 and 4.6 V-charged graphite||NCM811 batteries with capacity retentions of 89% over 5329 cycles and 85% over 2002 cycles, respectively, thus resulting in energy density increases of 33% and 16% compared to those charged to 4.3 V. This work demonstrates a practical strategy for upgrading the commercial LIBs.
Nanodiamonds enable femtosecond-processed ultrathin glass as a hybrid quantum sensor
Authors: Dadhich Bhavesh K. , Panda Biswajit , Sidhu Mehra S. , Singh Kamal P.
Published: April 2023

The quantum properties of fluorescent nanodiamonds offer great promise for fabricating quantum-enabled devices for physical applications. However, the nanodiamonds need to be suitably combined with a substrate to exploit their properties. Here, we show that ultrathin and flexible glass (thickness 30 microns) can be functionalized by nanodiamonds and nano-shaped using intense femtosecond pulses to design cantilever-based nanomechanical hybrid quantum sensors. Thus fabricated ultrathin glass cantilevers show stable optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers, including well-defined fluorescence with zero-phonon lines and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) near 2.87 GHz. We demonstrate several sensing applications of the fluorescent ultrathin glass cantilever by measuring acoustic pulses, external magnetic field using Zeeman splitting of the NV centers, or CW laser-induced heating by measuring thermal shifting of ODMR lines. This work demonstrates the suitability of the femtosecond-processed fluorescent ultrathin glass as a new versatile substrate for multifunctional quantum devices.