bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cartelization and Expected Crash Risk: Evidence From Global Leniency Laws
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Kim Jeong‐Bon , Lu Louise Yi , Yu Yangxin
Published: February 2025

Exploiting the staggered passage of leniency laws in foreign countries to which United States (US) firms are exposed that exogenously renders cartelization less feasible, we show that firms’ expected crash risk significantly increases following the passage of foreign leniency laws. This increase is more evident for firms more likely to engage in collusion, for firms whose managers face greater pressure to conceal poor performance, and when information intermediaries are less effective in assisting investors’ information processing. We further explore the underlying mechanism through which cartelization affects expected crash risk and find that firms with greater exposure to foreign leniency laws exhibit stronger asymmetric responses to bad versus good news disclosures and lower accounting conservatism. Overall, this study shows that cartelization mitigates managers’ bad news hoarding, thus influencing investors’ perceptions of a firm's future crash risk.
Single‐Step Breeding Value Estimations and Optimum Contribution Selection in Endangered Dual‐Purpose German Black Pied Cattle (DSN) Using a Breed Specific SNP Chip
Authors: Wolf M. , Yin T. , Neumann G. B. , Kokuć P. , Brockmann G. A. , König S.
Published: February 2025

The aims of the present study were to perform single‐step genomic predictions in the dual‐purpose German Black Pied cattle (DSN) breed considering a DSN specific SNP chip (DSN_200 K), and to use the corresponding estimated breeding values (EBV) in ongoing optimum genetic contribution (OGC) selection. All results were compared with the application of the commercial Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (50 K). The traits of interest in the present study (due to the differing breeding history of these traits in the past) included 305‐day lactation protein percentage (Pro%) of 9029 DSN cows, fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR) from the first test‐day of 8773 DSN cows, and stature (STAT) measured in cm of 4409 DSN cows. The DSN cows represented the calving years 2008–2019. Genotyping of 2797 DSN animals was conducted using both the DSN_200 K and the 50 K. From the genotyped animals, a subset of 1800 cows had phenotypic records for all three traits FPR, Pro% and STAT. Heritabilities from the single‐step genetic parameter estimations were quite large for Pro% (0.69) and STAT (0.78), but small for FPR (0.11). The choice of the SNP chip only had minor effects on variance components, heritabilities and EBVs. Furthermore, genetic parameters were very similar from genetic‐statistical models additionally considering a linear regression on pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients. OGC selection was applied to a pool of 1125 pre‐selected bull sires (BS) and bull dams (BD). A more relaxed genetic relationship constraint was associated with favourable effects on the average EBVs for Pro%, FPR and STAT, and a declining number of selected BS. The gains in genetic merit were marginal when relaxing the constraint at 0.06 for the genetic relationships or higher. The same associations were found for an overall breeding index (I‐DSN), considering the three traits with equal weights. Consequently, we suggested OGC applications with a genetic relationship constraint of 0.06, which contributed to genetic gain in I‐DSN of 17.9%, and to increased diversity due to an increased number of BS, when compared to the current practical elite animal selection scheme. A large number of finally selected BS and BD was identical when either using EBV from the DSN_200 K or from the 50 K. From such perspective, we only see marginal extra value for the specific DSN SNP‐chip application.
Geographical Distribution, Habitat Suitability and Epidemiological Factors of Tef Head Smudge Disease in the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanie Melkamu , Dires Girmay
Published: February 2025

Tef head smudge (Curvularia miyakei) is an economically important plant disease in the warm‐humid regions of the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geographical distribution, habitat suitability and epidemiological factors influencing the incidence and severity of Tef head smudge disease. The result of the study depicted that Tef head smudge disease is widely distributed across the region at varying levels of incidence and severity. Sowing date, soil type, altitude and growth stage are the key epidemiological factors contributing to the variability in the incidence and severity of Tef head smudge disease. Moreover, isothermally, temperature seasonality and minimum temperature of the coldest month bioclimatic variables significantly influenced Tef head smudge disease dynamics. Our study also predicted the current habitat suitability of Tef head smudge disease using the MaxEnt (maximum entropy) species distribution model. The model was good in predicting Tef head smudge disease with an AUC (area under the Receiver Operating Curve) of 0.85. According to the model, 31.18%, 44.46% and 14.33% of the areas have highly suitable, moderately suitable and low suitable suitability respectively, whereas 10.03% of the areas have unsuitable suitability to Tef head smudge disease. This result underscores that a significant portion of the Western Amhara Region (75.64%) and similar agro‐ecologies are at risk of Tef head smudge disease outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted breeding programs and disease management strategies to ensure food security in regions where tef is a primary food source and Tef head smudge is prevalent.
Azelaic Acid Induces Resistance in Coffea arabica Against Infection by Hemileia vastatrix, the Causal Agent of Coffee Leaf Rust
Authors: Brás Verônica Vieira , Silva Leandro Castro , Silva Bruno Nascimento , Lata‐Tenesaca Luis Felipe , Souza Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila
Published: February 2025

Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is a very devastating disease affecting coffee production in many countries worldwide and causing yield losses that range from 15% to 50%. High CLR intensity on coffee trees impairs photosynthesis and causes intense defoliation resulting in fewer and smaller fruit berries on trees. New control methods for CLR that will reduce the use of fungicides and production costs need to be investigated and used in an integrated disease management program. In this study, it was hypothesised that azelaic acid (AzA), a C9 dicarboxylic acid (oxylipin) known to be involved in systemic acquired resistance, could boost defence reactions on the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho—IAC44) against infection by H. vastatrix. In the in vitro assay, urediniospores germination was significantly reduced (81%–86%) by AzA with concentrations from 1 to 20 mM. Fungal sporulation was much more intense on the leaves from water‐sprayed plants compared to leaves from AzA‐sprayed plants at both 22 and 30 days after inoculation (dai). The area under CLR progress curve and the intensity of fungal sporulation were significantly lower by 82% and 83%, respectively, and the incubation period was higher by 31% for AzA‐sprayed plants compared to water‐sprayed ones. The AzA‐sprayed plants infected by H. vastatrix displayed less photosynthetic impairments considering the greater values for rate of net CO2 assimilation, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II compared to water‐sprayed and infected ones. On top of that, these plants displayed higher concentrations of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids and a more robust antioxidative metabolism (increased ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities at 12 dai). Interestingly, activities of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were lower for AzA‐sprayed plants as a result of reduced colonisation and sporulation of H. vastatrix in contrast to water‐sprayed and infected ones. Higher concentration of superoxide anion radical for AzA‐sprayed plants and infected by H. vastatrix at 12, 22, and 30 dai may have helped to reduce the colonisation of coffee leaf tissues by H. vastatrix besides having a citotoxic fungistatic effect against the fungus. These results strongly support the potential of AzA to negatively affect the germination of urediniospores from H. vastatrix as well as to hamper the infection process of H. vastatrix on coffee leaves.
Experiences of Nurses Regarding Self‐Care: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Bay Bryan Rui Ze , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Shorey Shefaly
Published: February 2025

Nurses are susceptible to burnout, making it crucial for them to engage in self‐care. This review consolidated the experiences of nurses regarding self‐care. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception till October 2024: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statements and Sandelowski and Barroso's guidelines guided this review. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. Data were thematically synthesized. Confidence in review findings was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation‐Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach. Three main themes were identified from the 24 included studies: (1) Being a nurse: An occupational hazard towards self‐care, (2) Catalyst towards self‐care, and (3) Call to action. Nurses' poor engagement in self‐care practices were due to work‐related challenges (e.g., working hours), poor self‐care awareness, and negative influence from their colleagues and leaders. Conversely, nurses were motivated to engage in self‐care when they received encouragement from their peers and leaders.
Patient Education During Hospitalization From the Perspective of Nurse Managers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Longhini Jessica , Ambrosi Elisa , Tescaro Barbara , Derugna Noemi , Ferro Maria Luisa , Canzan Federica
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to explore patient education in surgical and medical wards from the perspective of nurse managers. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 28 nurse managers from 34 wards in two hospitals, using content analysis. Three themes were identified. The first “Characteristics of patient education” highlights the definitions, goals, and interdisciplinary nature of patient education, emphasizing its role in promoting autonomy and safe discharge. The second “Delivering patient education” focuses on the content, methods, and timing of education. While some managers supported routine care integration, others preferred dedicated sessions, highlighting a need for flexibility in approaches. The third “Evaluating and Improving Patient Education” examines assessment strategies, outcome tracking, and quality maintenance. Effective patient education was linked to reduced readmissions and fewer support calls. Documentation was seen as both essential and burdensome. The study underscores the complexity and benefits of patient education while addressing challenges like time constraints and workload. Recommended strategies include staff training, developing educational tools, structured but flexible approaches, enhanced documentation, and fostering interprofessional collaboration.
The Mediating Effect of Compassion on the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Therapeutic Spiritual Care Among Oncology Nurses in Türkiye: A Mediation Model Analyses
Authors: Malak Akgün Bahanur , Toptaş Kılıç Sevcan , Kovalı Aynur Seda
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of oncology nurses' compassion on the relationship between psychological capital and therapeutic spiritual care. A total of 201 Turkish nurses (aged> 18 years) working in an oncology clinic in Türkiye were investigated. Data were collected between January and May 2022 using the snowball method. The data collection process involved a descriptive information form, the Psychological Capital Scale, the Compassion Scale, and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the mediation model. The results revealed that oncology nurses' compassion plays a partially mediating effect in the relationship between psychological capital and therapeutic spiritual care. Psychological capital positively predicts compassion, and psychological capital and compassion positively predict therapeutic spiritual care. Nurse leaders should pay attention to the compassion and psychological capital of oncology nurses who provide spiritual care and offer solutions to help these nurses exhibit high levels of compassion and psychological capital.
Pediatric Awake Craniotomy: An Educational Review
Authors: Henry Maria Nabil , Shahin Maryam N. , Stevens Ian , Calvert Jessica , Colgan Dana Dharmakaya , Vega Michael , Collins Kelly
Published: February 2025

Background

Awake craniotomies with functional cortical mapping are performed to minimize post‐operative deficits from the resection of lesions adjacent to eloquent cortex. The procedure is well‐established in the adult patient population and is increasingly applied to well‐selected pediatric patients. A review of recent literature demonstrated that the most commonly reported anesthetic techniques were “asleep‐awake‐asleep” protocols that relied on propofol, remifentanil, or fentanyl.

Main Article

This educational review discusses the unique challenges that face the anesthesiology and neurosurgical teams when working with the pediatric population. To further illustrate pediatric‐specific considerations, a case of a 9‐year‐old boy who underwent a resection of a large left peri‐rolandic ependymoma is presented, including his multidisciplinary pre‐operative, intra‐operative, and post‐operative care.

Conclusion

Awake craniotomies can safely be performed in the pediatric population with appropriate patient selection, planning, and a multi‐disciplinary approach.
National identity and the ownership of English in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley O. , Mckenzie Robert M.
Published: February 2025

It has been argued that, especially in non‐Inner Circles of English, whether or not speakers consider language to be a harbinger of national identity affects their positioning as owners of that language. A plethora of prior studies have also demonstrated that language is of central importance regarding the ways in which people enact their national identities. In the case of Nigeria, national language(s) rhetoric has been particularly contentious. This study presents findings from a larger study employing a mixed‐methods approach to examine Nigerian university students’ perceptions (N = 387) of English language ownership. Analysis revealed that respondents’ sense of national identity was a major factor in enacting (English) language ownership. The findings from the study also indicated that the extent to which speakers outwith Inner Circle contexts exercise linguistic ownership over English can depend upon both the specific sociolinguistic milieu and the degree to which English expresses national identity.
Trends in clinical encounters and management for infertility among women attending Australian general practice: a national longitudinal study using MedicineInsight, 2011 to 2021
Authors: Fernandez Renae C , Moore Vivienne , Boyle Jacqueline , Rumbold Alice R , Davies Michael , Mazza Danielle , Grzeskowiak Luke E
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine longitudinal trends in infertility management in women attending general practice.

Design

Cohort study using the national general practice dataset, MedicineInsight.

Setting

Australian general practice.

Intervention(s)

Not applicable.

Participants

The cohort included 2 552 339 women aged 18–49 years with one or more general practice clinical encounters between January 2011 and December 2021.

Primary and secondary outcome measures(s)

The primary outcome assessed was the proportion of women who had a clinical encounter related to infertility, stratified by year and age group. Second, the proportions of women receiving relevant clinical management actions, including selected pathology tests, imaging ordered and selected medications, were calculated. Univariable logistic regression analyses compared the likelihood of women having a documented clinical encounter related to infertility and receiving selected management actions based on individual characteristics. We also examined practice-level variation in the proportion receiving selected management for infertility by stratifying proportions based on practice site.

Results

A total of 2 552 339 women had one or more clinical encounters with their general practitioner (GP) between January 2011 and December 2021, of which 27 671 (1.1%) had a clinical encounter related to infertility management. The rate of infertility encounters increased from 3.4 per 1000 in 2011 to 5.7 per 1000 in 2021. Over episodes of care, half (50.9%) of women presenting for an infertility encounter had at least one specified pathology test, and almost a quarter (23.1%) had a specified imaging test. A relatively small proportion of infertility encounters (5.4%) resulted in prescribing of a selected infertility medication by the GP.

Large variation in clinical management (pathology, imaging and medication prescribing) was evident according to both individual characteristics and also at the clinical-practice level. Factors associated with increased likelihood of being provided infertility medications included younger age, holding a Commonwealth concession card (indicating low income), lower socioeconomic status and living outside a major city.

Conclusions

Clinical encounters related to infertility are increasing in primary care, with large variation evident in corresponding clinical management. These findings support the development of clinical practice guidelines to enhance standardised and equitable approaches towards the management of infertility in primary care.
The stability of anisotropic compact stars influenced by dark matter under teleparallel gravity: an extended gravitational deformation approach
Authors: Pradhan Sneha , Bhar Piyali , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P. K. , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: February 2025

In our investigation, we pioneer the development of geometrically deformed strange stars within the framework of teleparallel gravity theory through gravitational decoupling via the complete geometric deformation (CGD) technique. The significant finding is the precise solution for deformed strange star (SS) models achieved through the vanishing complexity factor scenario. Further, we introduce the concept of space-time deformation caused by dark matter (DM) content in DM haloes, leading to perturbations in the metric potentials

$$g_{tt}$$

g

tt

and

$$g_{rr}$$

g

rr

components. Mathematically, this DM-induced deformation is achieved through the CGD method, where the decoupling parameter

$$\alpha $$

α

governs the extent of DM influence. To validate our findings, we compare our model predictions with observational constraints, including GW190814 (with a mass range of

$$2.5-2.67 M_{\odot }$$

2.5
-
2.67

M
⊙

) and neutron stars (NSTRs) such as EXO 1785-248 [mass=

$$1.3_{-0.2}^{+0.2}~M_{\odot }$$

1
.

3

-
0.2

+
0.2

M
⊙

], 4U 1608-52 [mass=

$$1.74_{-0.14}^{+0.14}~M_{\odot }$$

1
.

74

-
0.14

+
0.14

M
⊙

], and PSR J0952-0607 [mass=

$$2.35_{-0.17}^{+0.17}~M_{\odot }$$

2
.

35

-
0.17

+
0.17

M
⊙

]. Our investigation delves into the stability of the model by considering causality conditions, Herrera’s cracking method, the adiabatic index, and the Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov criterion. We demonstrate that the developed model mimics a wide range of recently observed pulsars. To emphasize its compatibility, we highlight the predicted mass and radius in tabular form by varying both the parameters

$$\alpha $$

α

and

$$\zeta _1$$

ζ
1

. Notably, our findings are consistent with the observation of gravitational waves from the first binary merger event. Furthermore, we compare our results with those obtained for a slow-rotating configuration. In addition to this, we discuss the moment of inertia using the Bejger–Haensel approach in this formulation.
Radiative properties and QPOs around charged black hole in Kalb–Ramond gravity
Authors: Jumaniyozov Shokhzod , Zahid Muhammad , Alloqulov Mirzabek , Ibragimov Inomjon , Rayimbaev Javlon , Murodov Sardor
Published: February 2025

Studies of accretion disc luminosities and quasiperiodic oscillations around black holes may help us understand the gravitational properties of black hole spacetime. This work is devoted to studying the radiation properties of the accretion disk around the black holes in Kalb–Ramond gravity. We investigate the event horizon of the black hole spacetime and calculate the effective gravitational mass of the spacetime. Also, we analyze the circular motion of test particles in the black hole spacetime. The effects of the black hole charge and KR parameters on the particles’ effective mass, energy, and angular momentum at circular orbits and innermost stable circular orbits are studied. The frequency of Keplerian orbits and the radial and vertical oscillations of the particles along stable orbits are calculated and applied to analyze the existence of QPO in relativistic precession, warped disc, and epicyclic resonance models. QPO orbits’ locations with ratios of upper and lower frequencies of twin-peaked QPOs 3:2, 4:3, and 5:4 are analyzed compared to ISCO. We also obtain constrain values for the black hole mass, charge, KR field parameter, and QPO orbits found using Markovian chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations for stellar mass (XTE J1550, GRS 1915+105), intermediate mass (M82-X1), and supermassive black holes (Sgr A*). Finally, we explore the radiative properties of the accretion disk around the charged black hole in KR gravity, such as the total radiation flux, accretion disc temperature, and differential luminosity.
Exploring Structural, Magnetic, and Electric Transport Properties of Sol–Gel Derived Nd0.65Ca0.35MnO3
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Joshi Gaurav , Tomar Sudha , Raghav D. S. , Kumar Raj , Kumar Upendra , Kumar Lalit
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the phase separation phenomena in low bandwidth manganites, such as Nd1-xCaxMnO3, focusing on the nanoscale effects. Specifically, it aims to understand the competing phase tendencies concerning particle size in the prototypical phase‐separated compound Nd0.65Ca0.35MnO3 (NCMO). Nanosized material was synthesized through sintering sol–gel derived powders at a temperature of 900°C. Using the Rietveld refinement technique, the structure of the NCMO was investigated. It was found that NCMO has an orthorhombic shape with the Pnma spatial group. Mn2p and Mn2s core‐level X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy confirms that Mn has +3, +4 ions coexist in the intended ratio. The transition from paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) states is shown by magnetization measurements performed at H = 100 Oe. Observations of note include the disparity between zero‐field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled warming (FCW) magnetization, indicating a glassy behavior at lower temperatures, and the hysteresis loop between cooling and warming cycle in the presence of field magnetization. Isothermal magnetization loop analysis confirms the dominance of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) component at higher magnetic fields. However, the resistivity versus temperature data does not reveal an insulator–metal transition (IMT). Instead, the PM state in the sample shows conduction via variable range hopping.
Relationships Between Acrylamide Exposure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Yingying , Liu Qing , Tang Shi , Gan Zhenwei , Jia Xiaoyan , Yu Huimei
Published: February 2025

Background: Cognitive decline is an important factor affecting the health and well‐being of older adults. Previous studies have shown that acrylamide (AA) caused neurological damage among occupationally exposed workers. However, the effect of AA on cognitive function in general older adults is unclear yet. Therefore, this cross‐sectional study is aimed at examining the relationships between blood markers of AA and cognitive function in the general elderly population.

Methods: Four hundred sixty‐seven older adults (230 men and 237 women) aged 60 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2013–2014) were included in this study. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationships between blood markers of AA and cognitive function.

Results: After adjusting for all confounders, at the animal fluency test (AFT) dimension, the odds ratio (OR) for individuals in the highest tertile of hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its metabolite glycidamide (hemoglobin adducts of glycidamide (HbGA)) were 0.251 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.090, 0.699) and 0.354 (95% CI: 0.164, 0.761), respectively, compared with individuals in the lowest tertile, indicating that both HbAA and HbGA were negatively associated with the decline in cognitive function in dimension AFT. No significant associations were seen on other dimensions. Moreover, HbGA/HbAA had no association with any dimensions of cognitive decline.

Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that HbAA and HbGA are not positively associated with cognitive decline in the general elderly population and are negatively related to the AFT dimension of cognitive impairment.
A Peculiar Tracheoesophageal Fistula Caused by a Plastic Foreign Body
Authors: Chen Chao , Dai Dingyuan , Guo Yu , Sun Chen , Li Qi
Published: February 2025

The occurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in children is commonly attributed to the presence of foreign bodies. This paper presents a unique case admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University on August 9, 2022, where a plastic fragment resembling a doll’s eye was identified as the precipitating factor. The report investigates the unusual trajectory of this case—examining the pathway through which the foreign body became lodged in the trachea, followed by the subsequent development of TEF—and provides valuable insights into its pathogenesis and clinical significance.
Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen–Oxygen–Nitrogen, Forming Gas–Oxygen–Forming Gas, and Argon–Oxygen–Argon Annealing Ambient on the Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Thulium Oxide Passivation Layers on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Deng Junchen , Quah Hock Jin
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive probe was conducted to compare the impact of postdeposition annealing at 700°C in different ambient of nitrogen–oxygen–nitrogen (NON), forming gas–oxygen–forming gas (FGOFG), and argon–oxygen–argon (ArOAr) on the passivating characteristics of thulium oxide (Tm2O3) on the silicon (Si) substrate. The nitrogen ions have been incorporated in Tm2O3 passivation layers after annealing in NON and FGOFG ambient, of which NON ambient has impeded the growth of silicon oxide (SiO2) interfacial layer (3.258 nm). Although a thicker SiO2 interfacial layer (4.026 nm) was formed after annealing in FGOFG ambient, the attainment of the highest k value (16.8) indicated that the existence of hydrogen ions has assisted the improvement in the overall k value of Tm2O3 passivation layers. Furthermore, the capacitance–voltage characteristic revealed that the FGOFG ambient was effective in reducing the effective oxide charge (1.32 × 1012 cm−2), while NON ambient was effective in passivating the slow trap density (STD) (3.20 × 1011 cm−2). The Terman, Hill–Coleman, and high–low frequency methods have demonstrated the acquisition of the best interface quality during annealing in FGOFG ambient. As a result, the FGOFG annealing process has led to the maximum breakdown electric field of 4.03 MV/cm and the minimum leakage current density for the Tm2O3 passivation layer.
Z‐Score‐Based Improved TOPSIS Method and Its Implementation for Elderly People Health Examination Results Evaluation: A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China
Authors: Wang Xiao , Yang Xu , Zhou Jie , Ren Huibin
Published: February 2025

Considering the remarkable population aging in China, more researchers pay attention to the health condition of elderly people. However, limited to the large amount of miscellaneous health examination data, a systematic method to quantify and evaluate the health condition of elderly people is still lacking. In this study, a Z‐score‐based improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was introduced by considering the omission of the positive or negative ideal solution of the original data. Then, the health conditions of elderly people were quantified and evaluated according to 1672 elderly health examination reports. Meanwhile, the influence factors that impact elderly people’s health conditions were also discussed. The analysis results demonstrated a positive impact of social development on elderly people’s health conditions. Oppositely, the influence of age and sex might be slight. This study could contribute to the characterization of the health condition of elderly people residing in Harbin, as well as its influence factors.
Characterization of thermo-responsive shape memory bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (SMTPU) for 3D/4D printing applications
Authors: Jung Yang Sook , Park Jaehyeung , Lee Sunhee , Shin Eun Joo
Published: February 2025

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in smart and multifunctional materials through the integration of 4D printing and shape memory polymers (SMPs). This article highlights key SMP fabrication technologies for 4D printing, focusing on the functionality of stimuli-responsive polymers. Bio-based thermoplastic polyurethanes are produced through the prepolymer polymerization method, with 100% bio-based polyester polyols, polypropylene succinate, and 1,3-propanediol by corn sugar. The resulting SMTPU, which contains bio-polyol in the soft segment, along with a chain extender and isocyanate (4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, MDI), demonstrates excellent shape recoverability even after significant deformation. Atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze hydrogen bonding, microphase separation, and crystallinity, providing insights into the interactions between hard segments (HSs) and soft segments (SSs), an extent of phase separation, and a proportion of hydrogen-bonded urethane groups. The tensile strength of 15–21 MPa, elongation between 534 and 585%, and a hardness of 82–85 Shore A were shown. This study further explores the sustainability and unique properties of SMTPU, making it well-suited for shape memory applications at different temperatures with varying hard segment content. The findings are expected to contribute to future innovations and advancements in the field of 4D printing.

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence of symptoms suggestive of sleep apnea among children and its impact on academic performance
Authors: Boyajian Silvia D. , Salameh Muna A. , Alzyoud Kholoud , Amaireh Enas A. , Badah Lujayn , Al Qutami Malek , Alsharayri Mira , Abubaker Osama , Shwashreh Rzan
Published: February 2025

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in pediatrics that requires prompt recognition and management to minimize its negative impact on their health and development. Data on the prevalence of OSA among school-age minors in Jordan is scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of OSA in children and adolescents and identify factors that make them more likely to have OSA and its impact on academic achievement.

Methods

This school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to March 2023. A questionnaire including information on demographic variables, school performance, and a validated sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) scale for pediatrics was distributed to 1798 students in schools all over Amman. The prevalence of OSA (defined as SRBD score > 33%) was reported as a proportion along with its 95% confidence interval.

Results

Out of the 2000 questionnaires distributed, 1798 were analyzed. Among these, 1079 (60%) were from children aged 5 to 10 years, and 719 (40%) were from adolescents aged 11 to 18 years. The prevalence of high risk for OSA (HR-OSA) was higher among adolescents than in children (25.6% vs. 20.8%). Adolescents with unemployed fathers were more likely to be HR-OSA (33.70 vs 17.57%, p < 0.001). In contrast, paternal employment did not affect the prevalence of HR-OSA in children. Sleep talking, bruxism, and sweating during sleep were more common among children with positive SRBD. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) was associated with positive SRBD in children and adolescents. HR-OSA was associated with poor academic performance in both study groups.

Conclusion

HR-OSA is highly prevalent in Jordanian children and adolescents. HR-OSA can occur alongside other sleep disorders, and it significantly impairs the academic performance of affected individuals. This study found an association between high risk for OSA and other sleeping disorders (sleep talking, sleep bruxism, and sweat during sleeping) and nocturnal enuresis which needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Distribution, traditional utilization, processing, and health benefits associated with the consumption of morama bean [Tylosema escululetum (Burch.)]: a survey from selected districts of Botswana
Authors: Gwamba John , Imathiu Samuel , Kinyuru John , Onyango Arnold , Motaung Masa Veronica
Published: February 2025

Morama bean [Tylosema escululetum (Burch.)] is a nutrient-dense underutilized legume that can address protein-energy and micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries. An ethnographic study using a snowball sampling method was conducted in Kweneng, Ghanzi, Southern, and Central districts of Botswana. The survey sought to gather and document information about demographic characteristics, traditional use, cultural norms, harvesting, processing, preservation, and health benefits of morama beans. A 5-point Likert-type scale was used to assess and rate the respondent(s) perceptions on traditional utilization and potential of the bean. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and thematic grouping. It was found that morama bean is distributed in Botswana's sandy desert regions and is consumed by people who are native or migrated into these areas. Roasting in heated sand (mean = 4.93) and boiling fresh beans with water or milk (mean = 4.49) were the most popular methods of cooking morama beans. Across the four districts, morama bean was found to be an important component in traditional food and medicinal mixtures for undernourished infants, and expectant and lactating mothers, mostly prepared with soft porridge. Respondents cited a significant lack of scientific knowledge about the bean's medicinal properties (mean = 1.27–1.38), indicating the need for additional research. The nutritious density of morama beans (mean = 4.87) and their potential for processing into value-added products (mean = 4.10) were known to the respondents. As a result, the bean has a high potential to improve food and nutrition security in these communities.
Stigma associated with mental illness: perspectives of judges and attorneys in Lebanon — a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mroué Rayan , Cherro Michele , Kassir Ghida , Ghossoub Elias , Dandan Nadia
Published: February 2025

Background

Legal professionals frequently encounter forensic mental health issues in the criminal justice system. These issues can significantly impact the outcome of cases, making it essential to understand the attitudes and perceptions of these experts towards mental illness. While the literature has shown widespread stigma towards mental illness in the general population, there has been limited research focusing on the attitudes of judges and lawyers. This study aims to investigate the stigma related to mental health among Lebanese legal professionals. We sent an online questionnaire to judges and lawyers practicing in Lebanon. The survey included a section on socio-demographics and the following scales: Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS) which measures mental health stigma-related behavior and Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale (PDDS) measuring the extent to which a person believes that most people will devalue or discriminate against someone with a mental illness.

Results

A total of 215 participants, with a mean age of 38.69 and a mean of 13.16 years of experience, completed the questionnaire. Most were females (62.8%) and worked as civil attorneys (47.4%). Only a minority received instruction on mental health or mental health law during training (10.7% and 8.8%). About a quarter believed their education on mental health issues was sufficient. Participants with positive attitudes (RIBS) were more likely to have a family member with a mental illness (p value = .001), feel comfortable handling cases involving mental health (p value = .001), and have lived with someone with a mental illness (p value = .007). Feeling educated about mental health issues was associated with lower perceived stigma on the PDDS (p value = .021).

Conclusions

The findings imply that enhancing mental health education and awareness within the legal profession could be a key strategy to reduce stigma and improve the overall treatment of individuals with mental health issues within the criminal justice system in Lebanon.
Enhancing Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization with Bert2Bert Model for Indonesian Language
Authors: Muharam Aldi Fahluzi , Gerhana Yana Aditia , Maylawati Dian Sa'adillah , Ramdhani Muhammad Ali , Rahman Titik Khawa Abdul
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of the proposed Bert2Bert and Bert2Bert+Xtreme models in improving abstract multi-document summarization for the Indonesian language. This study uses the transformer model as a basis for developing the proposed Bert2Bert and Bert2Bert+Xtreme models. The results of the model evaluation with the Liputan6 dataset using ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L, and BERTScore show that the proposed models have slight improvements over previous research models with Bert2Bert being better than Bert2Bert+Xtreme. Despite the challenges posed by limited reference summarization for Indonesian documents, content-based analysis using readability metrics, including FKGL, GFI, and Dwiyanto Djoko Pranowo revealed that the summaries generated by Bert2Bert and Bert2Bert+Xtreme are at a moderate readability level, which means they are suitable for adult readers and in line with the target audience of the news portal.
Implementation of Long Short-Term Memory for Chili Price Prediction in East Java Province
Authors: Fata Nabil Fikri  , Nurochman
Published: February 2025

Di Indonesia, bahan pangan memiliki harga yang berubah-ubah atau tidak stabil seiring berjalannya waktu dan salah satu komoditas bahan pangan yang sering mengalami ketidakstabilan harga yaitu dari komoditas cabai. Untuk itu, langkah prediksi harga cabai dapat ditempuh untuk memperkirakan harga selanjutnya sehingga dapat diambil strategi yang tepat, khususnya melalui proses pembelajaran mesin dengan memanfaatkan jaringan saraf tiruan LSTM. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan eksperimen pengujian mengenai hyperparameter serta struktur dari jaringan LSTM itu sendiri yang digunakan untuk prediksi pada data harga dua jenis cabai di Provinsi Jawa Timur yaitu cabai merah dan cabai rawit. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan konfigurasi hyperparameter dan struktur jaringan terbaik sama untuk tiap data harga jenis cabai yang diuji. Data harga cabai merah menghasilkan nilai rata-rata RMSE terbaik yaitu 1751,690, sedangkan data harga cabai rawit menghasilkan nilai rata-rata RMSE terbaik yaitu 1888,741.
Revitalizing Art with Technology: A Deep Learning Approach to Virtual Restoration
Authors: Putranti Nurrohmah Endah , Chang Shyang-Jye , Raffiudin Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates CycleGAN's performance in virtual painting restoration, focusing on color restoration and detail reproduction. We compiled datasets categorized by art styles and conditions to achieve accurate restorations without altering original reference materials. Various paintings were degraded, including those with a yellow filter, to create effective training datasets for CycleGAN. The model utilized cycle consistency loss and advanced data augmentation techniques. We assessed the results using PSNR, SSIM, and Color Inspector metrics, focusing on Claude Monet's Nasturtiums in a Blue Vase and Hermann Corrodi's Prayers at Dawn. The findings demonstrate superior color recovery and preservation of intricate details compared to other methods, confirmed through quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Key contributions include employing CycleGAN for art restoration, model evaluation, and framework development. Practical implications extend to art conservation, digital library enhancement, art education, and broader access to restored works. Future research may explore dataset expansion, complex architectures, interdisciplinary collaboration, automated evaluation tools, and improved technologies for real-time restoration applications. In conclusion, CycleGAN holds promise for digital art conservation, with ongoing efforts aimed at its integration across fields for effective cultural preservation.
The strengths and weaknesses of the BIPA curriculum as an Indonesian teaching guideline for foreign speakers: A review of the literature 2018-2023
Authors: Ardiyanti Warsita Noer
Published: February 2025

A robust standard in the language teaching process is crucial since this is the primary guidance in the Indonesian language for non-native speakers (BIPA). A systematic literature review of 64 journal articles from 2018 to 2023 reveals comprehensive teaching resources, the flexibility for lecturers to innovate, and incorporating local wisdom in learning materials for students’ cultural immersion, supporting language acquisition. However, weaknesses include overly broad content and insufficient guidance on promoting inclusivity, hindering students' diverse cultural backgrounds. I identified articles matching the selection criteria from titles, aims, methods, to findings. Based on these points, this article highlights more dynamic and adaptive curriculum development needs that respond to global demands. Future studies may focus on developing the curriculum, improving teacher training, and creating inclusive assessments aligned with language proficiency and character development goals to enrich and globalise the BIPA program, supporting the diverse needs of students in an interconnected world.
Effects of blended learning and peer tutoring on genetics achievement among agricultural education students in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Bolakale Jimoh Saidu , Ojo Afolabi Kayode , Bature Shuaib Suleiman , Olorunleke Adesanya Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

This study examined the effects of Blended Learning (BL) and Peer Tutoring (PT) on student achievement in genetics among agricultural education students in North Central Nigeria. Using a quasi-experimental design, 167 students from three education colleges were divided into experimental and control groups. The Genetics Achievement Test (GAT) and the Genetics Blended Learning Package (GBLP) assessed learning outcomes. Pre- and post-test results showed that students taught with BL and PT outperformed traditional methods, with BL being the most effective. Gender differences were also observed, with male students performing better across all methods. The study concludes that both BL and PT enhance learning and recommend their adoption. Additionally, schools should integrate innovative teaching methods and ICT tools to improve instruction in complex subjects.
The role of creative learning resource design in enhancing literacy and numeracy skills: A study of the Kampus Mengajar program
Authors: Nisa Dini Khoirun , Jaya Christian Arief
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the relationship between creativity in learning resource design and the improvement of literacy and numeracy skills among students in the Kampus Mengajar Program, Batch 7. Specifically, the study seeks to: 1) identify the correlation between creativity in learning resource design and literacy, and 2) examine the relationship between creativity in learning resource design and numeracy. Employing a quantitative research design, the study uses a product-moment correlation method with a non-probability sampling approach, consisting of 30 students. Data were collected through a Google Forms questionnaire, and prerequisite tests, including normality and linearity tests, were conducted. Hypothesis testing was performed using a correlation test. The results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between creativity in learning resource design and literacy (Sig. = 0.027 < 0.05), as well as between creativity in learning resource design and numeracy (Sig. = 0.019 < 0.05). These findings suggest that creative learning resource design developed by students in the Kampus Mengajar program plays a key role in enhancing both literacy and numeracy skills in schools. The study contributes to the understanding of effective teaching strategies within the Kampus Mengajar Program and highlights the importance of creative approaches in addressing educational challenges.
Teachers' perceptions of the Kampus Mengajar program in enhancing student literacy and numeracy
Authors: Puspitasari Putri Anggraini , Budisantoso Heri Triluqman
Published: February 2025

The Kampus Mengajar Program is one of the initiatives designed by the government to address literacy and numeracy issues among students in Indonesia through collaboration between university students and elementary school teachers. This study aims to explore teachers' perceptions of the Kampus Mengajar program in improving student literacy and numeracy. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation at an elementary school in Denpasar, Bali. The results showed that, overall, teachers perceive the Kampus Mengajar program positively, as reflected in their enthusiasm and active support for its implementation. The teachers understand the program's purpose, which is to improve students' literacy and numeracy skills. However, challenges arose during implementation, such as limitations in addressing all students' needs and a reduced implementation schedule. The program is considered to have successfully met students' needs and positively impacted on their literacy and numeracy skills. The findings offer important implications for the future development and improvement of the Kampus Mengajar program.
Step Out Your First Step for the New Year: Utilizing Physical Activities for Your Health
Authors: Science Insights Editorial Office of
Published: February 2025

With so many health benefits, physical activity is a great gift to give to yourself or others in the new year. Regular exercise helps lower the risk of developing chronic conditions including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Additionally, it helps maintain a healthy weight, strengthens bones and muscles, and enhances mental health by lowering symptoms of anxiety and despair. People of all ages can benefit from physical activity in terms of their quality of life and cognitive performance. Creating a regular fitness regimen that incorporates a range of exercises, including strength training, cardio, and flexibility training, can have a significant impact on general health. Physical activity continues to be a crucial element in improving longevity and vitality in people, as healthcare professionals support preventive measures to combat disease.