bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in Prescribing Errors in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients with Major Polypharmacy
Authors: Abu-Naser Dania
Published: December 2020

Background: While clinical pharmacists are expected to have a potential role in minimizing prescribing errors (PEs) in patients with diabetes, the effectiveness of their interventions on the incidence and clinical significance of PEs remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions in correcting PEs in diabetic patients with major polypharmacy. Methods: This was a prospective pre-post study conducted in a secondary care hospital in Jordan over 4 months. There were 2 phases: Control, in which PEs were identified and categorized and active, in which clinical pharmacists intercepted and corrected PEs. Clinical severity of prescribing incidents was evaluated by an expert panel, comprising a senior clinical pharmacist, an internist, and cardiologist. SPSS V26 was used for data analysis. Results: Of 928 patients, 432 were followed and reviewed during the control phase and 496 during the active phase. Clinical pharmacist interventions reduced PEs by 89.5%; from 27.6% (control) to 2.9% (active). PEs per patient and PEs per medication orders were reduced from 2.1 to 0.2 and from 0.3 to 0.03, respectively. Electronic selection errors, wrong dose frequency, duplicate drugs, and allergy errors disappeared in the active phase. Significant, serious, and lethal errors were significantly reduced from 35.4%, 11.6%, and 0.2% (control) to 13.5%, 3.1%, and 0.0% (active), respectively. drugs related to CVS (OR = 5.2; 95% CI, 3.1-8.6; P < .05) versus drugs related to endocrine system was more likely to be associated with the occurrence of PEs versus no PEs. However, drug belonging to infectious (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; P < .05) versus drugs related to endocrine system was less likely to be associated with the occurrence PEs versus no PEs. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist interventions significantly reduced PEs in patients with diabetes by 89.5% and most of these interventions were clinically significant.
Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Saxena Nitin Kishore
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.
Improving failure sub-models in an orthotropic plasticity-based material model
Authors: Shyamsunder Loukham , Khaled Bilal , Rajan Subramaniam D , Blankenhorn Gunther
Published: December 2020

Theoretical details of two failure criteria implemented in an orthotropic plasticity model are presented. Improvements to the well-known Puck Failure criterion and a recently developed Generalized Tabulated Failure criterion are used to illustrate how to link a failure sub-model to existing deformation and damage sub-models in the context of explicit finite element analysis. These models are implemented in LS-DYNA, a commercial transient dynamic finite element code. Two validation tests are used to evaluate the failure sub-model implementation and improvements - a stacked-ply test carried out at room temperature under quasi-static tensile and compressive loadings, and a high-speed, projectile impact test where there is significant damage and material failure of the impacted panel. Results indicate that developed procedures and improvements provide the analyst with a reasonable and systematic approach to building predictive impact simulation models.
Predicting the delamination factor in carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites during drilling through the Gaussian process regression
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: December 2020

The carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFPR) has been widely used in aircraft structural applications due to the superior modulus, specific tensile strength, and fatigue strength. The inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of these composites poses great challenges on the machining process. Particularly, the delamination is one of major defects associated with drilling, which has a significant impact on CFRP’s structure integrity and application. Machine learning approaches can help facilitate the optimization of machining processes. In this study, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to predict delaminations in carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites during drilling from machining parameters. The model is simple and highly accurate and stable that contributes to fast delamination estimations. By combining the optimization results from the Taguchi method and GPR approach, it is expected that more quantitative data can be extracted from fewer experimental trials at the same time.
Connections Between Cultures: Using Empirical Distributions for Measuring Cultural Differences
Authors: Messner Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The past few decades have seen an explosion in the interest in cultural differences and their impact on many aspects of business management. A noticeable feature of most academic studies and practitioner approaches is the predominant use of national boundaries and group-level averages as delimiters and proxies for culture. However, this largely ignores the significance that intra-country differences and cross-country similarities can have for identifying psychological phenomena. This article argues for the importance of considering intra-cultural variation for establishing connections between two different cultures. It uses empirical distributions of cultural values that occur naturally within a country, thereby making intracultural differences interpretable and actionable. For measuring cross-country differences, the Gini/Weitzman overlapping index and the Kullback-Leibler divergence coefficient are used as difference measures between two distributions. The properties of these measures in comparison to traditional group-level mean-based distance measures are analyzed, and implications for cross-cultural and international business research are discussed.
Another Damaging Use of the “Schizophrenia” Label . . . and What Seemed About to Help
Authors: Caplan Paula J.
Published: December 2020

The use of the label “schizophrenia,” which does not have a scientific basis or validation, tends to lead prospective helpers of suffering people away from what can truly help and toward approaches that cause serious harm. A nonpathologizing approach—listening to the person tell their story—held great promise but was prematurely stopped.
Civil Service Reform Is Dead: Long Live Civil Service Reform
Authors: Thompson James R.
Published: December 2020

The federal civil service system is widely regarded as obsolete. The pay of federal employees bears little relation to the market, narrowly defined jobs hamper the assignment of tasks, and byzantine hiring rules impede the procurement of needed skills. The theory of punctuated equilibrium holds that an episode of rapid and dramatic change portends, that the pressures for change will build and that some exogenous event will trigger a reform event similar to what happened in the mid-2000s subsequent to the 9/11 terrorist incident. Does another episode of punctuated equilibrium impend or is change more likely to occur in an incremental manner? Distinctive features of the policy subsystem make evident the improbability of another episode of “grand reform.” Recent developments further highlight a dynamic element whereby small-scale adjustments are being employed to address some of the system’s most dysfunctional aspects.
The Role of Goal Specificity in the Relationship Between Leadership and Empowerment
Authors: Jong Jaehee , Faerman Sue
Published: December 2020

Although there has been much recent attention to empowerment in public sector research, most of this research focuses on structural empowerment, rather than psychological empowerment, and thus focuses on management practices, rather than on employees’ motivational states. This article examines the processes through which transformational leadership and transactional leadership affect employees’ feelings of psychological empowerment, focusing specifically on the role of goal specificity as a mediating variable. Using data collected from state government employees, the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses found support for hypotheses that goal specificity mediates the relationships between both transformational and transactional leadership and psychological empowerment. These results contribute to the discussion of transformational and transactional leadership approaches with regard to goal setting in the public sector and provide practical implications that public managers’ leadership behaviors can help employees develop positive attitudes toward goal specificity, which can then lead to feelings of psychological empowerment.
Examining the relationships between learning interest, flow, and creativity
Authors: Dan Yongjun
Published: December 2020

This study examined the relationships between learning interest, flow, and creativity among high school students. As a state of interest, flow served as a mediating variable on the route from interest to creativity. The participants included high school students from a city in eastern China. The software of Process was adopted to analyze the effects of learning interest on creativity by flow. The results revealed that the dimensions of enjoyment and clear goal of flow served as significant mediators and that the mediating effect of enjoyment was significantly larger than that of clear goal. The model presented a consolidated picture on the relationships among the three variables and connected the studies of interest and flow.
Screening of latent TB infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Elmaria Marwa O , Abdelghany Dalia Abdellateif , Akl Fatma MF , Shehta Mohammed , ELnagar Rasha Mokhtar , Farrag Nesrine Saad , Akl Mohamed Farouk , Ehab Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Background

Cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis are major global health concerns and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The association between active tuberculosis and subsequent cancer development has been investigated for many years. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma.

Methods

Sixty-four newly diagnosed primary lung cancer patients were enrolled. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection was performed with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests, with exclusion of active tuberculosis.

Results

Latent tuberculosis infection was detected in 16 (25%) patients, and 8 (12.5%) had indeterminate results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test. Being a current smoker was associated with a higher prevalence of latent tuberculosis ( p = 0.001). Comorbidities, tumor site, and histopathology were not associated with latent tuberculosis infection.

Conclusions

There is a considerable risk of concurrent latent tuberculosis in newly diagnosed primary bronchogenic carcinoma. The need for treatment of latent tuberculosis in these patients and its influence on the outcome and prognosis are issues for further investigations.
Minimally invasive dual-valve repair in situs inversus totalis: strategy for tricuspid valve
Authors: Kishimoto Noriaki , Shibata Toshihiko , Yamane Kokoro , Fujii Hiromichi , Takahashi Yosuke , Murakami Takashi
Published: December 2020

A 70-year-old man, diagnosed with severe mitral regurgitation and moderate tricuspid regurgitation with situs inversus totalis, was referred to our hospital. A minimally invasive approach via a minithoracotomy was performed. The mitral valve was repaired with the loop technique and ring annuloplasty. With an asymmetric shape of the tricuspid valve, the use of a conventional rigid ring was not feasible. Therefore, flexible ring annuloplasty had to be performed. The minimally invasive approach for mirror-image anatomy did not pose an unusual technical challenge. It was safely performed in the context of situs inversus totalis.
Can Infused Publicness Enhance Public Value Creation? Examining the Impact of Government Funding on the Performance of Social Enterprises in South Korea
Authors: Choi Donwe , Berry Frances S.
Published: December 2020

Numerous countries employ social enterprise as an alternative way of addressing social, economic, and environmental problems, with this new approach steadily gaining strength over the last two decades. Despite this growth, few empirical studies have examined the effects of government policies on social enterprise development. Seeking to fill this gap, this study examines the impact of government funding on the social and economic performance of social enterprises in South Korea, framed by integrative publicness hypotheses. The integrative publicness framework posits that infused publicness by government funding can enhance public value creation. To investigate the impact of government funding on social enterprises, this study has gathered data from annual reports voluntarily published by Korean social enterprises in 2018. Regression was employed to analyze the data. The findings suggest that government funding is positively associated with social enterprise’s employment of the disadvantaged, community contribution, and democratic decision-making. In addition, government funding is related to a decrease in the business profitability of social enterprises, implying that it may lessen their profit-maximization. This study provides policymakers and managers of social enterprises with suggestions on how to measure the outcomes of social enterprises and offers real-world touchstones on how they can improve their creation of public value.
A Macromarketing Call to Action—Because Black Lives Matter!
Authors: Francis June N.P.
Published: December 2020

This essay poses the question do Black Lives Matter to marketing? Putting the spotlight on research in marketing reveals the multiple ways in which the field has neglected a most pressing issue of our time—structural and systemic anti-Black racism. The global rallying cry in the Black Lives Matter protests alerts us to the urgency for transformative change in all spheres including the marketing academy. Macromarketing is particularly poised to lead this change given the commitment to justice in marketing systems and concerns with the bilateral impact of marketing on society. This essay issues a call to action to re-historize the role of transatlantic slavery, for researchers to be reflective in addressing systemic racism, and for the academy to adopt anti-racist strategies to propel this scholarship from the periphery of marketing thought to its core.
Macrocirculatory and Microcirculatory Endpoints in Sepsis Resuscitation
Authors: Mok Garrick , Hendin Ariel , Reardon Peter , Hickey Michael , Gray Sara , Yadav Krishan
Published: December 2020

Sepsis is a common disease process encountered by physicians. Sepsis can lead to septic shock, which carries a hospital mortality rate in excess of 40%. Although the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines recommend targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65 mmHg and normalization of lactate, these endpoints do not necessarily result in tissue perfusion in states of shock. While MAP and lactate are commonly used markers in resuscitation, clinicians may be able to improve their resuscitation by broadening their assessment of the microcirculation, which more adequately reflects tissue perfusion. As such, in order to achieve a successful resuscitation, clinicians must optimize both macrocirculatory (MAP, cardiac output) and microcirculatory (proportion of perfused vessels, lactate, mottling, capillary refill time) endpoints. This review will summarize various macrocirculatory and microcirculatory markers of perfusion that can be used to guide the initial resuscitation of patients with sepsis.
Factors Affecting the Decision of Postnatal Mothers to Donate Milk at a Government Satellite Human Milk Bank Site, in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Bhoola Priya , Biggs Chara
Published: December 2020

Background

The need for donor human milk has accelerated both locally and globally. To remain sustainable, human milk banks need to maintain effective recruitment including frequent donations of adequate volumes.

Research aims

To determine (1) which factors influenced mothers’ willingness to give or receive donor human milk, and the influence of (2) socio-demographics, (3) pregnancy, (4) breastfeeding history, (5) prior knowledge of human milk banks, and (6) general factors on milk donations.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used ( N = 148). Independent sample t-tests and one-sample t-tests were used to determining differences in variables.

Results

The sample population consisted of mainly single ( n = 104, 70.3%) Black African mothers ( n = 127, 85.8%) who identified as Christian ( n = 97, 65.6%) with a mean age of 24.8 ( SD = 5.63) years. The majority ( n = 120, 81.1%) had no prior knowledge of human milk banks; however, most ( n = 78, 52.7%) were significantly likely to donate. The main factors that influenced the participants’ willingness to donate were altruism ( n = 99, 66.9%), information provided by staff at hospitals/clinics ( n = 92, 62.2%), amount of milk produced ( n = 69, 46.4%), fear of not having enough milk for their own infant ( n = 68, 45.9%), and support from family/friends/partner ( n = 67, 45.3%).

Conclusion

There is a strong need to increase visibility and information sharing with potential donor mothers to ensure a sustainable supply and system of human milk banks.
Natural Resource Dependence and Rural American Economic Prosperity From 2000 to 2015
Authors: Mueller J. Tom
Published: December 2020

Research suggests dependence on natural resource development leads to decreases in per capita income, increases in inequality, and elevated poverty. Natural resource development generally takes two forms—extractive (e.g., oil and gas, mining, timber) and nonextractive (e.g., tourism, recreation, real estate). However, research has rarely examined both in tandem. Drawing on the concept of dependence (i.e., overspecialization), the author tests the hypothesis that increasing levels of both forms of development were associated with diminishing returns to economic prosperity—operationalized as per capita income, inequality, and poverty—in rural America over the period of 2000 to 2015. Extractive development exhibited the expected relationship in remote rural counties for all outcomes, while nonextractive development had a generally negative relationship with per capita income, a positive relationship with poverty, and no relationship with inequality. Support for the overall hypothesis was limited due to the returns of nonextractive development being more negative than expected.
Assessing the Intraday Variation of the Spillover Effect of Tweets-Derived Ambient Population on Crime
Authors: Liu Lin , Lan Minxuan , Eck John E. , Yang Bo , Zhou Hanlin
Published: December 2020

The spatial pattern of geotagged tweets reflects the dynamic distribution of the ambient population during day and night as a result of people’s routine activities. A few studies have assessed the impact of tweets-derived ambient population on crime and the spillover effect of such impact at different spatial and temporal scales. However, none has revealed the intraday variation of such spillover effect. This study analyzes both the direct and spillover effects of tweets-derived ambient population on crime and its intraday difference in day and night during weekdays and weekends. Four crime types, including assault, burglary, robbery, and theft, are examined at the neighborhood level. The analysis is based on negative binomial regression models, with the control of necessary socioeconomic and land-use variables driven by criminology theories. Results show (1) tweets-derived ambient population affects the magnitude of crime, but this effect varies by types of crime at different time periods of the day and week, and (2) the spillover effect of the tweets-derived ambient population exists for all four types of crime during most of the time periods at the neighborhood level and is particularly pronounced for thefts at all time periods. Similar results are seen in the block-level analysis. This study further confirms the utility of the count of geotagged tweets as a measure of the ambient population and its spatial lag for intraday analyses of crime, particularly theft.
Designing “National Day of Service” Projects to Promote Volunteer Job Satisfaction
Authors: Maas Stephanie A. , Meijs Lucas C. P. M. , Brudney Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2020

National Day of Service (NDS) volunteering events have become common, yet little is known about how the design of such events affects volunteer satisfaction. This relationship is important because volunteer satisfaction ensures a strong volunteer base for special events and promotes sustained volunteerism. We explore how the design of NDS projects promotes volunteer job satisfaction. Our approach to the research question is informed by work design theory. Based on interview, participant observation, and focus group data from an NDS in the Netherlands, the findings suggest that nonprofit organizations can elicit volunteer job satisfaction by designing NDS projects that create a sense of added value, support productivity, and make volunteers feel comfortable. Designing NDS projects that incorporate task significance, symbolic social support, feedback from others, beneficiary contact, task identity, project preparation, physically demanding work, social support, and limited autonomy help to achieve these goals.
Thermal management of an internal combustion engine focused on vehicle performance maximization: A numerical assessment
Authors: Thomaz Fabrício , Teixeira Malaquias Augusto César , Resende de Paula Glauber Assunção , Baêta José Guilherme Coelho
Published: December 2020

In extreme ambient conditions, engine temperature and air charge temperature (ACT) can be so high that they compromise the vehicular performance. To preserve the structural engine reliability, it is necessary to reduce the load through an increase in the engine speed to maintain the power output, which minimizes fuel conversion efficiency degradation. However, high engine speeds also lead to enhanced friction losses and combustion frequency, which reduces the engine thermal efficiency. Therefore, this work seeks to numerically study the best thermal management strategy to minimize performance losses arising from an engine power derate strategy, while also optimizing the design of a cooling system to withstand extreme engine stress conditions, characteristics of the Davis Dam tests. Different radiator lengths and fan power were numerically simulated to conclude about the most influential parameter on fuel consumption in the FTP-75 + HWFET cycle. The results showed positive effects from the engine power derate strategy, and the engine speed control was able to mitigate up to 23% derate by cooling temperature. There was a 0.8% increase in fuel consumption for every 2.5% aerodynamic drag coefficient increase, which reinforces the need to perform robust thermal management procedures instead of oversizing a vehicular cooling system for high-load operation.
Property rights’ emergence in illicit drug markets
Authors: Bertolai Jefferson DP , Scorzafave Luiz GDS
Published: December 2020

Governance rules are efficient mechanisms in the sense that they increase people’s welfare. They emerge even when the state is unable or refuses to create and enforce them. We study a situation in which this demand for governance manifests itself through the emergence of property rights in illicit drug markets: a privately-provided governance. Specifically, we propose a model for property rights emergence in illicit drug markets as predicted by the theory on governance provided by prison gangs. It is studied a situation in which an agreement among criminals, resembling property rights enforceability on its allocative effect, can emerge in illicit drug markets. Our Mechanism Design approach shows that a change inside the prison system, from a competitive environment to the hegemony of a group of criminals, implies the equilibrium in illicit markets to shift from warfare to peace: the hegemonic group is shown to desire to promote the collusive agreement when it is able to do so. This contrasts with the equilibrium under no hegemony, in which the possibility to conquer consumers/territories drives violence up to a positive level. The novel empirical perspective implied by the model is explored using data from Brazil, a context for which the theory of governance provided by prison gangs has been pointed as a key explanation.
Sella Turcica Bridging and Tooth Agenesis in Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Ghislanzoni Luis Huanca , Fisher David M.
Published: December 2020

Aim:

To investigate differences in sella turcica size and bridging in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with or without concomitant dental anomalies.

Patients and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out looking at 56 children with nonsyndromic UCLP. Lateral cephalograms, taken before alveolar bone grafting, were used to assess sella turcica height, width, area, and bridging. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the presence of dental anomalies in the cleft area including agenesis, supernumerary, and peg-shaped lateral incisors. Differences between sella turcica measurements in the presence or absence of dental anomalies were assessed using t tests. Differences between the prevalence of dental anomalies and sella turcica bridging were assessed using χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate potential associations between sella measurements and dental anomalies.

Results:

Twenty-six of the 56 children presented with agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor, while 7 had a supernumerary, and 19 had a peg-shaped lateral incisor. With regard to sella turcica bridging, 27 children had no calcification, 25 partial and 4 complete calcification. Children with agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor showed a shorter sella maximum height ( P = .010) and a smaller area ( P = .019). When looking at sella turcica bridging, 100% of children with complete calcification showed agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor, compared with 52% and 33% of children with partial calcification and no calcification, respectively ( P = .034).

Conclusions:

Children with UCLP and sella turcica bridging are more likely to present with agenesis of the cleft-side maxillary lateral incisor.
Robustly stabilizing proportional integral controller for uncertain system under computational delay
Authors: Saxena Sahaj , Hote Yogesh V
Published: December 2020

In a feedback control loop, when there exists a delay in processing the control signal (often called computational delay), it is difficult to stabilize the system, particularly when the system exhibits uncertainty. To solve this problem, we proposed a new robust proportional integral control strategy for a class of uncertain systems exhibiting parametric uncertainty. A two-stage scheme is proposed in which the first stage identifies the worst plant that has the highest chance of facing instability; and in the second stage, based on the worst plant, the tuning parameters of the proportional integral controller are determined using the stability boundary locus approach under the desired closed-loop specifications of gain and phase margins. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is verified for servo and regulatory control problems.
Static and dynamic analysis of a bistable plate under nonlinear magnetic force
Authors: Habibzadeh Negin , Tikani Reza , Ziaei-Rad Saeed , Taki Mohammad Sina
Published: December 2020

In this article, bistable laminates are statically and dynamically studied under the existence of nonlinear magnetic force. The bistable laminates with magnetic forces are considered as a nonlinear system for vibration energy harvesting. First, a semi-analytical model was established based on the energy approach for the bistable plate together with magnets. The magnetic force versus distance was measured, and then, an equation was fitted to the experimental data. The damping of the whole system was determined experimentally, and Rayleigh damping coefficients were extracted and used in all models. Next, a finite element model of the whole system was developed to compute the dynamic response of the system under different base excitations. Finally, a test rig was constructed, and the system responses were measured under various base excitations. The dynamic snap-through of the bistable laminate under magnetic forces was also measured and compared with the results obtained from the semi-analytical and finite element model. The analysis shows that adding a magnetic force will reduce the amplitude of base excitation that is needed for dynamic snap-through for %28.6. The analysis shows that the bistable plate with a magnetic force can be a good candidate for energy harvesting because the nonlinear magnetic forces under certain conditions reduce the snap-through force and consequently increase the harvested energy. This is because of the fact that the presence of the magnetic forces allows the system to vibrate between its two stable configurations under lower base excitation amplitudes.
Reports and Removals of Child Maltreatment-Related Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Rebbe Rebecca , Mienko Joseph A. , Martinson Melissa L.
Published: December 2020

Despite U.S. child protective services (CPS) agencies relying on mandated reporters to refer concerns of child maltreatment to them, there is little data regarding which children mandated reporters decide to report and not to report. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a population-based linked administrative dataset to identify which children who are hospitalized for maltreatment-related reasons are reported to CPS and which are removed by CPS. The dataset was comprised of all children born in Washington State between 1999 and 2013 (N = 1,271,416), all hospitalizations for children under the age of three, and all CPS records. We identified maltreatment-related hospitalizations using standardized diagnostic codes. We examined the records for children with maltreatment-related hospitalizations to identify hospitalization-related CPS reports and if the child was removed from their parents. We tested for differences in these system responses using multinomial regression. About two-thirds of children identified as experiencing a child maltreatment-related hospitalization were not reported to CPS. We found differences in responses by maltreatment subtype and the type of diagnostic code. Children whose hospitalizations were related to abuse and associated with a specific maltreatment code had increased odds of being both reported to CPS and subsequently removed by CPS.
Serializing accumulation: Resident Evil and the synchronization of Hollywood cinema and Japanese television
Authors: Johnson Daniel
Published: December 2020

How does the tendency toward series reboots, sequels, and remakes in contemporary Hollywood intersect with television’s capacity for serialization? How does the logic of promotion in transmedia entertainment connect to television’s ability to perform simultaneity in relation to other forms of screen media? This article will describe and analyze how the Resident Evil films have been broadcast on Japan’s Asahi TV network throughout the 2010s, focusing on how the week-after-week programming of the films acts as a case for demonstrating how transmedia serialization brings into relief qualities of narration and aesthetics within the context of convergent screen industries and global media production. Focusing on the concept of accumulation, this article will argue how the mode of viewing invited by Asahi TV’s mode of presentation is one that can be addressed both in terms of how viewers make sense of complicated networks of meta-textual continuity and of how convergent media forms rely on practices of simultaneity in media consumption.
Sensemaking in detective work: The social nature of crime investigation
Authors: Hällgren Markus , Lindberg Ola , Rantatalo Oscar
Published: December 2020

In this article, we contribute to the knowledge on police detectives’ work practices, and report how police detectives make sense of casework in a social manner. As our research question, we address the ways in which detective work can be understood as a social process. To target this question, we conducted an ethnographic study that examines how detectives who work with domestic violence and high-volume crimes strive to frame and understand events in everyday investigative practice. The data consist of approximately 200 hours of ethnographic data and interviews from two departments in a Swedish police station. The results indicate that detectives’ sensemaking of casework took place through two principal practices: a concluding practice and a supporting practice. Furthermore, the findings show that detectives’ work is highly social and procedural. This suggests that detectives’ work practice is of a social nature and that contacts between investigators are important to take into account in the organization of an investigative department.
Use of a Qualitative Story Deck to Create Scenarios and Uncover Factors Associated with African American Participation in Genomics Research
Authors: Passmore Susan R. , Jamison Amelia M. , Abdelwadoud Moaz , Rogers Taylor B. , Wiggan Morgan , Mullins Daniel C. , Thomas Stephen B.
Published: December 2020

To explore the willingness to participate in genomics research among African Americans, we developed a technique specifically suited to a relaxed social setting. The “Qualitative Story Deck,” (QSD) is a gamified, structured elicitation technique that allows for the spontaneous creation of scenarios with variable attributes. We used the QSD to create research scenarios that varied on four details (race/ethnicity of the researcher, research goal, biospecimen requested, and institutional affiliation). Participants created scenarios by randomly choosing cards from these categories and provided: (1) a judgment about their willingness to participate in the research project represented; and (2) their thought process in reaching a decision. The QSD has applicability to topics involving decision making or in cases where it would be beneficial to provide vignettes with alternate attributes. Additional benefits include rapid rapport building, applicability to little known or sensitive topics, and suitability for both qualitative and quantitative analyses.
Physician Burnout: A Lifestyle Medicine Perspective
Authors: Merlo Gia , Rippe James
Published: December 2020

Physician burnout, as described in North America, is a multidimensional work-related syndrome that includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a low sense of accomplishment from work. More than 50% of physicians were reporting symptoms of burnout prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This silent epidemic of burnout is bound to become less silent as the pandemic continues. Lifestyle medicine is an evidence-based discipline that describes how daily habits and health practices can affect overall health and well-being of individuals. Lifestyle Medicine can potentially play a significant role in preventing and ameliorating physician burnout. This article explores the burnout process, including the historical context, international definitions, symptoms, and imprecision of the clinical diagnosis. The systemic etiological issues are discussed, and the psychological underpinnings are explored, including physicians’ personal vulnerabilities contributing to burnout. The stress response and lifestyle medicine’s role in healthy coping are described. A prevention model for risk factor reduction is proposed, focusing on primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Lifestyle medicine clinicians’ role in prevention, treatment, and advocacy to ameliorate the potential for burnout is discussed along with specific recommendations.
Ileocolic arterial aneurysm associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: A case report
Authors: Honma Kenichi , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Matsuda Daisuke
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Segmental arterial mediolysis is a rare disease that most commonly affects the superior mesenteric artery among abdominal arteries. However, aneurysms involving the ileocolic arterial branch of the superior mesenteric artery are extremely rare. Here, we describe the treatment of a patient with an ileocolic arterial aneurysm suspected to have occurred secondary to segmental arterial mediolysis.

Methods

We confirmed the diagnosis of ileocolic arterial aneurysm, which showed the characteristic “string-of-beads” appearance of the distal main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery on angiography. We performed endovascular coil embolization for the aneurysm, and for both the inflow and outflow vessels. After confirming that the aneurysm was no longer visible, the treatment was completed.

Results

There were no clinical findings suspicious of ischemic enteritis or intestinal necrosis after embolization. We confirmed that the ileocolic arterial aneurysm was not observed on computed tomography angiography one month after treatment.

Conclusions

While development of an ileocolic arterial aneurysm associated with segmental arterial mediolysis is very rare, it is at a high risk of sudden rupture. Therefore, coil embolization is a useful intervention in such patients and can be implemented based on the size and morphology of the aneurysm.
Incidence, Management and Outcome of Delayed Deep Surgical Site Infection Following Spinal Deformity Surgery: 20-Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Wang Muyi , Xu Liang , Yang Bo , Du Changzhi , Zhu Zezhang , Wang Bin , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu
Published: December 2020

Study Design:

A retrospective study.

Objectives:

To investigate the incidence, management and outcome of delayed deep surgical site infection (SSI) after the spinal deformity surgery.

Methods:

This study reviewed 5044 consecutive patients who underwent spinal deformity corrective surgery and had been followed over 2 years. Delayed deep SSI were defined as infection involving fascia and muscle and occurring >3 months after the initial procedure. An attempt to retain the implant were initially made for all patients. If the infection failed to be eradicated, the implant removal should be put off until solid fusion was confirmed, usually more than 2 years after the initial surgery. Radiographic data at latest follow-up were compared versus that before implant removal.

Results:

With an average follow-up of 5.3 years, 56 (1.1%) patients were diagnosed as delayed deep SSI. Seven (12.5%) patients successfully retained instrumentation and there were no signs of recurrence during follow-up (average 3.4 years). The remaining patients, because of persistent or recurrent infection, underwent implant removal 2 years or beyond after the primary surgery, and solid fusion was detected in any case. However, at a minimum 1-year follow-up (average 3.9 years), an average loss of 9° in the thoracic curve and 8° in the thoracolumbar/lumbar curves was still observed.

Conclusions:

Delayed deep SSI was rare after spinal deformity surgery. To eradicate infection, complete removal of implant may be required in the majority of delayed SSI. Surgeons must be aware of high likelihood of deformity progression after implant removal, despite radiographic solid fusion.
Robot-Assisted Versus Fluoroscopy-Assisted Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yuan Wei , Meng Xiaotong , Cao Wenhai , Zhu Yue
Published: December 2020

Study design:

A retrospective study.

Objectives:

To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of robot assisted (RA) and fluoroscopy assisted (FA) percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating single/double segment osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

Methods:

Patients with single/double segment OVCF receiving either RA or FA PKP were evaluated retrospectively at our spine center from April 2018 to October 2019. The operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, fluoroscopy exposure time, total radiation dose, visual analogue scale (VAS), local kyphosis angle (LKA), height of fractured vertebra (HFV) and complications were compared between the single/double RA group and the FA group.

Results:

A total of 96 cases were included in this study, with 59 cases of single segment OVCF and 37 cases of double segment OVCF. For single/double segment OVCF, both RA and FA PKP could relieve pain and reduce fracture. The RA group showed lower fluoroscopy frequency, shorter fluoroscopy exposure time during operation for surgeons, better correction in LKA and HFV, lower rate of cement leakage, but more fluoroscopy frequency, fluoroscopy exposure time and radiation dose for patients compared with the FA group (P < 0.05), while the single RA group showed longer operation time compared with the FA group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

For single/double segment OVCF, RA has more advantages in correcting vertebra fracture, reducing intraoperative radiation exposure for surgeons, and reducing the cement leakage rate, but it increases intraoperative radiation for patients compared with FA PKP. And FA has shorter operation time in treating single segment OVCF than RA PKP.
Social Networks in Later Life: Similarities and Differences between Sexual-Minority and Heterosexual Older Adults
Authors: Hsieh Ning , Wong Jaclyn S.
Published: December 2020

Community-based research suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older adults are more socially isolated than their heterosexual counterparts. However, little is known about how social networks in late adulthood differ between LGB and heterosexual people at the population level. Using data from the 2015–2016 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( n = 3,929), the authors compare the size, frequency of contact, composition, diversity, and density of core discussion networks as well as family and friend support across sexual-orientation groups. The authors find that LGB people share a few network characteristics with their heterosexual counterparts, including network size, frequency of contact with network members, and proportion of nonspousal kin members in the network. However, their networks are less likely to include intimate partners, are more likely to include friends, and have lower diversity and density. LGB people also report lower family support but higher friend support than heterosexual people.
Multidimensional Understanding of Homosexuality: A Qualitative Integration of Perspectives
Authors: Sen Srijita , Das Prothama , Dutta Susmita , Das Sudeshna , Banerjee Debanjan , Ray Deepshikha
Published: December 2020

Background:

Though DSM no longer considers homosexuality as a clinical condition, it still remains a contentious issue across social, legal, and religious paradigms. Collectivistic and traditional societies (eg, India) are more reticent in accepting the multifaceted nature of sexuality. This study thereby tries to arrive at a collective understanding about homosexuality.

Methods:

The study was conducted in the following 3 parts: Focus group discussion (FDG) to unravel the collective understanding of homosexuality in heterosexual young adults. In-depth personal interviews with 3 homosexual persons. In-depth personal interview with 3 heterosexual peers of homosexual persons.

Results:

Qualitative analysis of the FGDs revealed that the participants share a collective opinion that “lack of acceptance and negative stereotyping of homosexuality” to be a predominant social phenomenon in India. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the personal interviews of the homosexual persons revealed experience of social ostracization and unique personal journey toward self-acceptance and adaptation. IPA of the personal interviews of the heterosexual peers disseminate that these people have the agonizing vicarious experience of seeing their friends being discriminated against and also personal experiences of social rejection on account of having a homosexual friend.

Conclusion:

This study is unique in that it tried to recognize homosexuality from multiple perspectives. Findings suggest that heteronormative hegemony operates insidiously and pervades the boundary of the self-generating “self-doubt.” Understanding these dimensions might help address their unmet needs and identities as well as mitigate stigma surrounding the same.
Retraction Note to: High systemic levels of the cytokine-inducing HMGB1 isoform secreted in severe macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Palmblad Karin , Schierbeck Hanna , Sundberg Erik , Horne Anna-Carin , Harris Helena Erlandsson , Henter Jan-Inge , Antoine Daniel J. , Andersson Ulf
Published: December 2020

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-020-00263-2
Multi-view feature selection for identifying gene markers: a diversified biological data driven approach
Authors: Acharya Sudipta , Cui Laizhong , Pan Yi
Published: December 2020

Background

In recent years, to investigate challenging bioinformatics problems, the utilization of multiple genomic and proteomic sources has become immensely popular among researchers. One such issue is feature or gene selection and identifying relevant and non-redundant marker genes from high dimensional gene expression data sets. In that context, designing an efficient feature selection algorithm exploiting knowledge from multiple potential biological resources may be an effective way to understand the spectrum of cancer or other diseases with applications in specific epidemiology for a particular population.

Results

In the current article, we design the feature selection and marker gene detection as a multi-view multi-objective clustering problem. Regarding that, we propose an Unsupervised Multi-View Multi-Objective clustering-based gene selection approach called UMVMO-select. Three important resources of biological data (gene ontology, protein interaction data, protein sequence) along with gene expression values are collectively utilized to design two different views. UMVMO-selectaims to reduce gene space without/minimally compromising the sample classification efficiency and determines relevant and non-redundant gene markers from three cancer gene expression benchmark data sets.

Conclusion

A thorough comparative analysis has been performed with five clustering and nine existing feature selection methods with respect to several internal and external validity metrics. Obtained results reveal the supremacy of the proposed method. Reported results are also validated through a proper biological significance test and heatmap plotting.