bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGENALAN APLIKASI GREENFOOT UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN GAME STUDI KASUS SMK AN-NUR DEPOK
Authors: Trilaksono Agustinus Rio , Winarno Heru , Broto Satrio , Dartono Dartono , Taufiqurrochman Taufiqurrochman
Published: July 2023

Community service activities are activities that include efforts to improve the quality of human resources, among others in terms of broadening insight, knowledge and increasing skills carried out by academic activities for the realization of dharma devotion and a form of concern to play an active role in improving welfare and empowering the wider community, especially for students PPLG An-Nur Depok. The lack of understanding of PPLG An-Nur Depok students about how to make Java-based games using the greenfoot application can be constrained in learning at the An-Nur Depok school which is expected to minimize the understanding of game making. With these community service activities can provide solutions for PPLG students An-Nur in overcoming the programming process in making a game from the Greenfoot application. The output target of this community service is to be published in a national journal, besides that the hope is to add insight to PPLG An-Nur Depok students who are capable in the field of game creation, especially programming The activity plan that will be carried out in this community service activity is to conduct an introduction to programming education to PPLG An-Nur students directly, and also directly provide practice on the flow process of making games with the greenfoot application.
PELATIHAN MONITORING PERUBAHAN PPM DAN SUHU AIR SECARA DIGITAL PADA TANAMAN HIDROPONIK
Authors: Karjono Karjono , Hasibuan Tuhfatul Habibah
Published: July 2023

Limited land in the city of Bekasi is not an obstacle to farming. The idea that sparked in the minds of the residents of Mustika Jaya, Bekasi City was to form an Amanah Hidroponik Farmer Group in the Cimuning sub-district, Mustika Jaya District, Bekasi City as a Beginner's group with the inspiration to grow plants on public facility land called hydroponics. The problems faced are the low role and participation of residents in efforts to record ppm data and water temperature every 1 hour and a lack of knowledge about the importance of the data recorded on ppm data and water temperature every 1 hour. Through this community service activity, Training is given to farmers to monitor changes in PPM and water temperature through the application of digital technology. The ease of processing ppm information through the Android mobile application in real-time and the ability and success of mixing nutrient water and clean water by the ppm value that has been determined for the nutrition of each type of plant. This community service activity provides benefits for hydroponic plant farmers in controlling nutritions and monitoring plants. Apart from that, it can also reduce the risk of crop failure because it is controlled using a smartphone and also in real-time.
KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN UNTUK PENGUATAN KAPASITAS PENDIDIK MENYONGSONG ERA SOCIETY 5.0 MELALUI PENDEKATAN PROFETIK LEADERSHIP
Authors: Sopian Adi , Fauzi M. Asif Nur , Lastriyani Indri , Margono Margono , Warta Waska
Published: July 2023

Devotion to strengthening the capacity of educators to welcome the era of society 5.0 through a prophetic leadership approach is motivated by the integration of digital skills, understanding of the latest technology, and the ability to adapt to rapid changes. The Society 5.0 era demands new skills that go beyond conventional understanding. Educational institutions need to prepare students with skills such as complex problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, digital literacy, and adaptability. If an educational institution is unable to adapt, it is feared that the existence of the institution will have a negative impact on credibility in society. The implementation of this service is carried out using the counseling method which collaborates lecture and presentation systems with participant discussions to measure the participants' contribution to the counseling carried out. The results of the implementation of this service are emphasized on the capacity of educators to prepare students in the dynamics of change in the era of society 5.0. some of the actions that are expected to be carried out by educators in this preparation are a balance between cognitive (quality of learning), instilling moral values, and the ability to collaborate on the actualization of learning with business units and industry.
PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN MENGETIK SEPULUH JARI BAGI SISWA SMK LINK & MATCH KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Sucahyo Nur , Regina Tannia , Haryanto Haryanto , Damayanti Indri , Gazali Ria
Published: July 2023

Speed in typing is needed to make it easier when creating documents. This community service activity aims to share the knowledge by the lecturer team regarding fast typing techniques using the ten-finger approach with the help of the typing master application. With the Typing Master application, it will help training participants to be able to carry out all their daily administrative activities in processing documents quickly and precisely, besides that the ability or skill to process words can also be an added value or provision for training participants as a competency value (soft-skill). in the world of work that needs HR who are proficient at typing with ten-fingers quickly and precisely in preparing documents. The Training attended by 76 SMK Link & Match students for two days on November 3-4 2020. The results showed that the knowledge and skills of SMK Link & Match students in typing with the ten-finger technique were increasing, especially since students could continue to deepen the material obtained by trying to keep typing fast using the typing master application.
Assessment of Effluent Recycling Process and Drilling Waste Management Procedure in Some Niger Delta States
Authors: Isiozor C. H. , Uche R. , Nwaji G. N. , Ekpechi D. A.
Published: July 2023

The assessment of effluent recycling process and drilling waste management procedure in some Niger Delta States in Nigeria to identify ways to minimize cost in oil production, have been investigated. Niger Delta States are located in southern part of Nigeria, which are known to be the highest in crude oil production in Nigeria, however, the process of exploration and extracting of the oil also affects the ecosystem of that particular area. A comparative design was taken, which analysed various indices in the conventional methods of drilling waste management applied in a site in Edo State northern part of Nigeria, and comparing it to some modified methods employed in the wellhole locations in Imo State. The research was conducted in a wellhole site located in Ohaji Imo state, southern part of Nigeria, afterward, a correlation was drawn between the volume of generated waste and the drilling waste management, in order to develop a cost-effective model of waste management in the region. From the result obtained from the quantitative measures taken at the four drilling sites in Edo and Imo States, a significant reduction in waste volume of about 50% was observed, which therefore minimized the cost of drilling observed in Ohaji site, maybe as a result of the enhanced drilling design layouts using the effluent recycling method adopted in that location. The study therefore recommends the adoption of effluent recycling as a technique to be incorporated in the management of drilling waste during onshore petroleum development in the Niger Delta, among others, which would improve productivity.
Physicochemical Alteration and Water Quality Index of Ede-Onyima Lake, Okarki-Engenni, in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Essiene McLean Stanley , Osuji Leo Chigbu , Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru , Onojake Mudiaga Chukunedum
Published: July 2023

Freshwater quality is deteriorating as a result of ongoing threats from both anthropogenic and natural sources, resulting in an overall loss of ecological integrity. To provide an easily-understandable summary of complex water quality data, water quality indices (WQIs) -the Canadian water quality index (CWQI 1.0) model -was used for two distinct purposes, to assess the  portability of the water and its suitability for the protection of aquatic life. The Canadian Council of Ministers Environment's water quality index (CCME WQI) was calculated by combining three variables: scope (F1), frequency (F2), and amplitude (F3), to produce a single value between 0 (worst) and 100 (best) representing the water quality. Predominantly impacted by the F3, which resulted in a WQI score of 32. Ede Onyima lake was ranked “poor”  indicating that it is unfit for human consumption and aquatic life protection. The lake was impaired by high turbidity (86 NTU), trace metals such as Fe (20.73 mg/L), Mg (8.67 mg/L), and Mn (5.92 mg/L) loads.  Their remobilization during turbulent flow portends a harmful effect on the Ede Onyima's water quality, indicating the critical need for a cohesive lake watershed management system to sustain conservation purposes of the lake and sustenance lake-dependent livelihoods.
SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN AVIFAUNAL DIVERSITY AND SPECIES RICHNESS IN AND AROUND HATNUR RESERVOIR, JALGAON DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: CHAUDHARI NAMRATA D. , LOHAR PRAKASH S. , PATIL ANIL G.
Published: July 2023

Diversity and species richness of avifauna in and around Hatnur reservoir in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra state was studied from April 2019 to March 2020. A total 282 species of birds belonging to 18 orders and 53 families were recorded around the study area. Hatnur reservoir attracts several species of migratory birds during winter season and many of which stay back till March. During summer, due to release of water many small islands are formed in the backwater side of the reservoir attracting many ground nesting birds to breed in colonies. This site helps more than 20,000 birds to find food, breeding and nesting ground and hence recently the site is declared as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs).
ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
Authors: BIKEKO SAMUEL SHIBESHI
Published: July 2023

Climate change by providing anopportunity for reducing of climatic hazards by targeting with multiple objectives.The objective of this study is to investigatemanagement practices on climate change adaptation and its roleon soil and water conservation practices.The study was conducted in one rural Kebeles of lemoWoreda, Hadiya zone. Out of the 30 respondents, the majority of the respondents were adapted to soil and water conservation practiceson climate change; while few of them were not adapted the climate change on soil and water conservation practices. This study revealed that identified that the majority of the respondents were able to adopt the soil and water conservation practices. The response of the informants indicates that the adaptation measures of climate change insoil and water conservation practices contribute to agricultural productivity. The result from the binary logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis indicates that educational level, sex, farming experiences, income, frequency of extension contact, market distance, access to information on climate, agro-ecology, farm size, age, adoption of terrace, adoption of stone bund, adoption of stone faced soil bund, adoption of livestock have a significant effect on practicing of climate change in soil and water conservation structures and an agricultural productivity.
EFFECTS OF SELECTED SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES ON SOIL PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, LEMO WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: MADOLO MULATU CHERNET , MORE YOHANNES HORAMO , SHAMEBO BEREKET TAGESSE
Published: July 2023

Soil erosion is now almost universally recognized as a serious threat to man's well-being, if not his very existence. As a result, we assessed the soil physicochemical properties of two possible levels of level bund and fanya juu. The experiment assessed from seven locations with three replications was used to collect soil samples from each soil conservation structure. Five composite soil samples were collected from each soil structure based on slope (0-30cm). Soil physicochemical properties such as erosion index, dispersion ratio, and erodibility proportionality ratio were investigated. The effect of different soil structure levels revealed that soil properties differed significantly (P≤0.05) for all parameters studied. The control plots had significantly higher (P≤0.05) dispersion ratio, erosion indexes, and erodibility proportionality than the soils treated by the level bund and level Fanya juu structures. On the control plot, this result showed lower clay content and higher sand content. The level of soil bund and fanya juu had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on selected soil parameters. As a result, all related soil properties show a positive relative change when the level of soil bund and fanya juu is compared to the control plot. Aside from this result, the dynamic natures of the sciences compel us to conduct additional research based on the agro-ecological zones of the study area.
STUDY ON THE ANT (FORMICIDAE) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN PSMO COLLEGE CAMPUS, TIRURANGADI, KERALA, INDIA
Authors: NIMISHA P. , GAFOOR C. H. JINAN
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study is to estimate the diversity and abundance of Formicidae in PSMO College campus, Tirurangadi, Malappuram DT and Kerala using different methods. Different collection methods used includes Brush, Pitfall trap, sweep net and Hand collection method. The present study records the presence 14 species, which have been placed under 3 families, Myrmicinae, Formicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Ants play an important role in the environment. So, the baseline data obtained from this investigation may be helpful in preparing checklist while planning conservation strategies.
BIODIVERSITY OF MACROINVERTEBRATES IN A STREAM OF MOUNT EDOUGH (NORTHEASTERN, ALGERIA)
Authors: BOULAHBAL RAOUF , ZAANOUNE LEILA , ROUAG RACHID , MEHDI BOUKHEROUFA , RYM SAKRAOUI , WALID DADCI , HADIBY RACHED , SAKRAOUI FERIEL
Published: July 2023

The current study seeks to evaluate the biodiversity and the structure of the onstream macroinvertebrates community assemblage in Edough Mountain in north-eastern Algeria. Data was collected between April and June 2019 along a mountain stream, from its source to its outlet, with analysis of some physico - chemical parameters. After capturing 906 specimens, we were able to identify 08 taxonomic orders and 35 taxonomic families. The results showed that the richest and most abundant families are Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) and Corixidae (Heteroptera).
ENZYME-PRODUCING GUT BACTERIA OF FISH AND ITS EFFECT ON FISH HEALTH: A REVIEW
Authors: SARMAH PUJA , KARDONG DEVID
Published: July 2023

Like all multicellular organisms fish also lives in close association with microorganisms. They live in a symbiotic relationship and the bacteria provide protection, immunity and metabolic strength to the host and in return, the host gives nutrient-enriched media to it. Gut microbes of fish secret amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease, chitinase etc. and they play a significant role in digestion. To date, most of the studies on gut microbiota have emphasized the mammal. Contrary to this, information about the host-microbe interactions in fishes is limited. Therefore, a better understanding of this topic is the need of the hour. Exogenous enzymes can be produced by the gut microbes such as Lactobacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Vibrio spp. etc to improve the digestion of food and degradation of complex and large molecules, such as protein, starch, and chitin. Similarly, when the composition of microbiota changes many biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids also change. Epithelial absorption of fatty acid is facilitated by the colonization of the gut microorganisms, this colonization also protects the host against pathogenic bacteria. To achieve sustainable disease control and nutrient enhancement strategies in aquaculture practices an understanding of the dynamics and functions of the gut microbial community in fish is necessary as it will enable a more profound selection of the beneficial microorganisms.
BIOACTIVITY, HEMOLYTIC EFFECT AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF METHANOL, ETHANOL AND DICHLOROMETHANE CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM THE FIRE CORALS, Millepora dichotoma AND Millepora platyphylla OF MARSA ALAM, RED SEA, EGYPT
Authors: ISMAIL MOHAMED , RAHMAN M. AMINUR
Published: July 2023

Preliminary investigation on crude extracts from two fire coral species, Millepora dichotoma (Md) and Millepora platyphylla (Mp), those found along the Egyptian Red Sea coast of Marsa Alam, were collected for bioactivity screening. The bacterial activity and hemolytic effect of the methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EthOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) crude extracts of Md and Mp coral species were tested for their activity against various bacteria, namely; Klebsiela sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while hemolytic effects of the crude extracts were tested on human red blood cells (RBC). The results showed differential effects of all coral crude extracts on the tested bacteria, while no hemolytic signs were detected among all the RBC samples. It is recommended to enhance the crude extracts studies form fire corals species as it could be a challenge to use them in safe medical and pharmaceutical applications.
AGE AND GROWTH OF Papyrocranus afer (GUNTHER 1868), AN EMERGING ORNAMENTAL FISH IN NIGERIA
Authors: FEMI OLUWALE
Published: July 2023

Papyrocranus afer are threatened by increasing collection from the wild for aquaria, especially the juveniles. Age, growth and growth derived parameters of P. afer Lagoon based on analysis Length Frequency Distribution (LFD) and interpretation of annual growth marks hard structures (namely scales, otoliths, opercula and cleithra).  In total, 1, 154 individuals of P. afer were sampled monthly during Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2011 from Lekki Lagoon. The mean lengths-at-ages from LFD were 13.45 cm (Age 0+) 34.45 cm (Age 1+), 49.50 cm (Age 2+) and 61cm (Age 3+). The von bertalanffy growth function was used to model the observed length-at-age data: Lt = 77.6 (1 – e-0.33(t +0.46)). Length at first maturity (Lm) was 41.1cm while length at optimum yield (Lopt) was 49.5cm. Preponderance of immature fishes (38 cm) in the catch suggests growth overfishing. Interpretable annual growth marks on hard parts showed ages 1, 2 and 3 years; the mean lengths at these ages were 33.1, 44.6 and 58.4cm (cleithra), 29.1, 40.0 and 60.4 (scale) and 29.1, 40.0 and 60.4 (operculum). No interpretable growth marks on otoliths. Growth overfishing underline vulnerability of Papyrocranus afer to over-exploitation, hence the need for its conservation in Lekki Lagoon.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION OF CURCUMIN AND VITAMIN C AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY NAPROXEN IN MALE RATS
Authors: BASHBOOSH NAWRAS NOORI
Published: July 2023

The Aim: The goal of this study was to see if curcumin and vitamin C might protect male rats' blood from oxidative stress caused by naproxen using hematological criteria and antioxidant measures.

Study Design: The rats were aged 2.5-3 months and contemplated (200-250) gm. The purpose of this study was to see if Cur and Vitamin C might protect male rats against oxidative damage caused by NP, as well as hematological.

Place and Duration of Study: From April to October 2019, the experiment was conducted out on 48 male rats weighing between (200-250) gm and aged 2.5-3 months at the animal house of the faculty of science/university of Kufa.

Methodology: The 48 male Wister albino rats were separated into six groups at random; Group (1) NP was administered orally to rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg (as positive control). Group (2) cur at a dose of 150 mg/kg was given orally to the rats as a treatment. Group (3) During a 14-day period, rats were given 150 mg/kg of vitamin C by oral administration. Group (4) cur (150 mg/kg) and Vitamin C (150 mg/kg) were given orally to the rats as a treatment. Group (5) The oral administration of NP (40 mg/kg) plus Cur (150 mg/kg) plus Vit C (150 mg/kg) was performed on rats. Group (6) normal saline solution was given to the rats orally during the experiment (as negative control).

Results: Finishing the  experiments,  the findings displayed  a considerable decrease (p<0.05) in the average of body weight, hemoglobin concentration (HB) and haematocrit ( HCT) while considerable increase (p<0.05) in the white blood cells(WBC) counts in the animals treated with NP compared to the control and other treated groups , while the results offered considerable increase (p <0.05) in the average of body contemplate , HB, HCT and a considerable decrease (p<0.05) in WBC rate in the animals treated with Cur, VitC, Cur+Vit C, Cur +Vit C+ Np compared the control group .

Conclusion: In conclusion, whereas naproxen has a harmful impact on the body by increasing oxidative stress, curcumin and vitamin C operate as powerful antioxidant supplements that reduce malonal di aldehyde (MDA) and boost overall antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the body.
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR ANALYSIS OF DAIRY GHEE ADULTERATED WITH MINERAL OIL
Authors: KALAIMANI PRIYA SUBRAMANIAN , KALAKANDAN SURESH KUMAR , THAMBURAJ SUMAN , SARMA CHAYANIKA , PALANIVEL RAJENDRAN
Published: July 2023

Concept of food integrity to health is a hot topic with research ongoing globally to reduce adulteration in food. In an effort to follow up this cause, present research focused on detection of adulterated lower quality fats with genuine milk fats (ghee) is a key concern. Ghee is a pure clarified butter fat, widely used milk product in Indian sub-continent. Because of its satisfactory flavor and appetizing aroma, excessive dietary value, unique nature and its health benefits intend for its adulteration has usually been an extreme concern. The available methods to detect adulteration of mineral oil are time consuming and laborious. In order to get rid of these in discrepancies, the present paper deals with a promising, fast and effective method to detect the adulteration in ghee circulating in the market. Attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR- FTIR) method for identifying mineral oil even at 0.1% was established. The results reveal that six peaks are common, especially 721.38cm-1 (C-Cl) and 1137.17cm-1 (C-H stretching) peaks area percentage decreases and intensity increases with the concentration of adulteration. From these results, FTIR techniques play a potential role and serves as a robust method for detection of mineral oil adulteration in dairy ghee.
FIRST DESCRIPTION ON MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF HEMIURID TREMATODE Lecithocladium excisum FROM BLOCH,1795: Apolectus niger (PISCES: CARANGIDAE:) USING 18S RIBOSOMAL DNA MARKER
Authors: SINGH RATNESH KUMAR , SAXENA A. M.
Published: July 2023

A total of 55 specimens of Bloch: Apolectus niger (Pisces: Carangidae) were obtained during the current inquiry from the sea beach of Puri, Orissa, India.  It is a commercially significant marine fish, since it is a highly valued source of nutrition for human consumption. One type of the digenetic trematodes was collected from the gut of the affected fish, which belong to the genus, Lecithocladium, of the family Hemiuridae.  Partial nucleotide sequences of the 18S ribosomal gene were acquired from this trematode species and deposited in the GenBank. Molecular analysis of the parasites using 18s small subunit rDNA was undertaken to evaluate their phylogenetic position with respect to previously known species in GenBank, which strikingly confirmed their molecular phylogeny revealed here. The hemiurid species from the genus, Lecithocladium are found to be L. excisum. A comparison of 18S rDNA sequences indicated that they exhibited 98.0 percent sequence similarity with Dinurus longisinus.
IMPACT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE ROGOR ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF FRESHWATER CATFISH Clarias magur (HAMILTON, 1822)
Authors: KALITA EVARANI , DEVI KEERTI , SULTANA NEHA , BAYAN JIJNYASHA , TAMULI HIMAKSHI
Published: July 2023

Pesticides are not only dangerous to the environment, but also hazardous to a person's health. Studies on pesticides have clearly established their link to cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, ADHD, birth defects and many more. Rogor is one of the organophosphates extensively used in agricultural practice. It is highly soluble in water for which it can easily enter into the nearby water sources and affect aquatic organisms. In the present study we have planned to observe the effects of rogor in some biochemical parameters in freshwater cat fish Clarias magur. Based on the LC50, we used two sub-lethal concentrations of Rogor - 1/5th (i.e; 13 mg/L) and 1/10th (i.e; 6.5mg/L) in our experiment. After 7 consecutive days of treatment, we have observed a dose dependent decrease in protein, glycogen and lipid content in both liver and muscle of the treated fishes. The amount of protein, glycogen and lipid was decreases with the increasing concentration of the rogor and the results were significant at 0.1 (P<0.1). The amount of blood glucose and total blood cholesterol was also decreases with increasing concentration of rogor.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN SEASONAL VARIATION AND META-ANALYSIS OF CESTODE PARASITES IN Capra hircus AND Ovis bhrel FROM PUNE DISTRICT
Authors: PENDHARKAR KISHOR DHANJI
Published: July 2023

The cestode parasites are endoparasites grow anaerobically in the intestine of vertebrate host. These parasites absorb digested food material from the hosts intestine .They get attached with their scolex hooks to intestinal wall. Many times the multiple worms in the intestine absorbs more food of host and host suffer from malnutrition and therefore causing various disorders and diseases to the host. Moneizia and Stilesia are the two common genera of cestodes infecting grazing mammals. There is very limited information is available about their study pertaining to population biology. This performed study is adding some survey based statistical information in cestode population biology.
GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ENDEMIC LARVIVOROUS FISH FROM SUSWA RIVER OF DOON VALLEY, DEHRADUN
Authors: FARSWAN SHIVANI , DEVI N. PEMOLA
Published: July 2023

Food is the basic prerequisite for growth, development, survival and existence of all organisms. Gut content analysis of fish provides an important insight into feeding patterns and quantitative assessment of feeding habits of fish. The objective of present study is to identify the endemic fish having larvivorous potential in natural condition by gut content analysis. Fish were collected from Suswa river, Doon valley by following the standard techniques of fishing during July 2018 to June 2019. The collected fishes were shorted and identified using standard identification keys and catalogues. Fish were dissected and gut content were examined microscopically and numerical methods was used by calculating percentage composition of food items in total contents of fish stomach. A total of 200 fish of 20 species belonging to 13 genera were dissected for gut content analysis. The contents were classified based on food types and fish were differentiated into herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous. Choices of food by fish were based on the availability of food at a particular habitat and the fish species showed omnivorosity habit of feeding. Further, feeding potential of fish were estimated based on the percentage composition of insect content only among animal content and categorized as voracious feeder, moderate feeder and opportunistic feeder.
Ornamental Fish Diversity of some Wetlands in Nimati, Jorhat, Assam
Authors: Bora Gayotree Agni , Nasreen Somim
Published: July 2023

The main sources of air-breathing and attractive fish species in the Brahmaputra basin are the wetland or the floodplain lakes. A significant number of riverine species are transported in the wetland areas by the flood impulse of the Brahmaputra and its tributaries.  Various types of ornamental fish can be found in the marshes of Assam. There are numerous wetlands nearby Brahmaputra River in the Nimati Ghat of the Jorhat district of Assam. Many riverine species use wetlands as breeding and feeding areas. Unfortunately, the fish population in wetland areas is declining as a result of habitat destruction. The present communication deals with the ornamental fish diversity in some wetlands nearby Nimati, Jorhat. The study was conducted in three important wetlands of Nimati, Jorhat District namely Borsola, Sarala and Gohain beel during monsoon season. A total of 56 ornamental fish species from different genus has been recorded from the wetlands. The fish found in these wetlands are a source of livelihood to the local population. Some fish are utilized for therapeutic purposes as well.
Bacterial Flacherie in Bombyx mori (L): Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Organism
Authors: Selvi G. S. Anantha , Chelladurai D. , Kumar V. Pattu , Chandran M. Navin
Published: July 2023

The major restraint in silk production is silkworm diseases caused mainly by Bacterial flacherie. Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus cereus are the different bacteria were identified and isolated from the infected worm by means of colony morphology, staining property and biochemical tests.  The main objectives of this study to isolate and identify the pathogen which causes flacherie disease in silkworm (B. mori).
A Case of Hepatic Cysticercosis in Wistar Albino Rats: An Unintended Finding from an Animal House
Authors: Manyam Ravikanth , Kartheek Gandikota , Sathya Kella Bhargavi
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Rats are the most commonly used animals in biomedical research as they are mild-tempered and docile, making them easy to handle. They breed earlier, produce more offsprings and share many processes with humans and are appropriate for use to answer many research questions. Scientists have specifically bred many strains or lines of rats for research, the most important being the albino Wistar rat. Despite their prolific uses, they have some disadvantages like the spread of diseases.

Methodology: Wistar albino rats were used in a study at an animal facility by the pharmacology and oral pathology departments to examine the effects of a herbal cardioprotective medicine on rat liver, kidney, and heart function. Also, the Oral cavities were used to observe various stages of tooth development. After the study, the rats were CO2 inhalation-killed in the lab, and their hearts, livers, and kidneys were dissected for examination using a scalpel, and Boyd Parker blades No.3.

Results: On gross examination, Few animals had several cysts of varied sizes that were macroscopically evident but unwelcome. As a result, all samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin overnight. The specimens underwent additional processing, including paraffin wax embedding, microtome sectioning, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Under a light microscope, the slides were examined for histological alterations.

Analysis: Liver had multiple apparent solitary and multicystic regions, ranging from 1 to 2.5 mm, upon gross examination. On the right lobe, more of these patches with yellowish colour were seen. The cyst's cestode origin was established by histopathological analysis thanks to an exterior acellular eosinophilic cuticular layer, an underlying subtentacular layer, and outer hooks and suckers containing scolex.

Discussion: The larval stage of Taenia solium, which is frequently found in developing nations, is the infection that results in cysticercosis. Pigs serve as its intermediate hosts whereas humans are its only naturally occurring definitive host. Man may develop into an intermediate host after ingesting adult tapeworm eggs. A condition known as Cysticercosis was the result of this.

Conclusions: Our findings imply that using rats home to these larvae can lead to inaccurate results in animal research, particularly those that evaluate liver function. They change how the liver functions, producing unreliable results. To properly assess the results of their investigations, the researchers must be aware of the asymptomatic unprompted lesions.
Spatial Variability of Morphometric Characters of Freshwater Food Fishes from River Ganga of Districts, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh Kumar , Chauhan Sneha , Ratn Arun
Published: July 2023

The morphometric characters were evaluated to assess the population status of the commercial valuable food fishes collected from River Ganga at three different locations, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi. In this study, seventeen morphometric parameters were considered to examine during the month of October, 2022 to January, 2023. Usually, the various species of fishes consumed from the river Ganga. For present study, the morphometric characters like total length, fork length, standard length, pre-orbital length, post-orbital length, eye diameter, head length, pre-pectoral length, pre-dorsal length, pre-pelvic length, pre-anal length, length of dorsal fin, length of pectoral fin, length of caudal fin, length of caudal peduncle, body depth and body weight of four fish species, Labeo rohita, Rita rita, Wallago attu and Cyprinus carpio examined. A total of 25 specimens of each species were collected and the quantitative measurement of each aforesaid morphometric character provided crucial data regarding the development of fish body parts. Additionally, the positive correlations have been significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) detected amongst the selected morphometric characters of fishes. This study will be very crucial for fisheries management. Also, the findings will distribute the important standards for the geographical distribution of the commercially valuable food fishes. Further, the study defines that the growth of all fishes is suitable and the river Ganga ecosystem on three sites, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi is enormously favourable to the aquatic fauna especially fishes.
2 - Use of the Term ‘Empire’ in Historical Research on Africa: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Michal Tymowski
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the use of the term ‘empire’ in historical research on Africa to illustrate the problem of ‘comparability’ and the requirement for measure- ment and appropriateness of the ‘measurement language’. Taking the reader through a review of the literature, beginning with Maurice Delafosse's populari- sation of the concept in his essays on ancient Ghana, Mali and Songhai in 1912 and climaxing with pointers in the multi-volume UNESCO General History of Africa in the late twentieth century, the author exposes the essential inconsist- ency in African and Africanist use of the term, ‘empire’, which inevitably crept into the study of African history in the heydays of ‘conceptual Eurocentrism’. He maintains that the usage of the term ‘empire’ in African historiography was employed due to the need to name those African states which were extensive territorially and multi-ethnically; and states designated ‘empires’ were charac- terised by certain elements of an imperial organisation rather than by a fully formed imperial system. And for analogues and comparisons, the form of de- pendence between the centre and the subordinated tribes and early states that developed in Africa reminds us rather of the relations existing on the other con- tinents in the early stages of large state formation. Hence, the term ‘early em- pire’ seems more justified to describe these states in research on the history of Africa. The author calls for the need to conduct discussion, with the help of a comparative method, on the specific features of those ‘early empires’.
3 - Slavery as a Human Institution
Authors: John Edward Philips
Published: July 2023

Scholars of slavery have long been divided between those who define slaves primarily as human property and those who define slaves primarily as kinless outsiders. This article reconciles these competing definitions by using the new understanding of definitions popularized by George Lakoff in his book Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. The two formal definitions that have been offered are really two sides of the same coin. Slaves in Africa were property because they were kinless outsiders, while slaves in the United States were kinless out- siders because they were property. Slaves in other societies also had this dual character as both property and kinless outsiders. Slavery is a human institution that began in the psychological dependence caused by the shame of kinlessness experienced by isolated individuals. It was thus a mechanism for the incorpora- tion of new members into a society. It spread and developed in human societies, coming to have various extensions in different societies, but always so recog- nizably similar that slaves could easily be transferred between cultures that had very different understandings of slavery.
6 - Anglo-Saxonism and Gallicism in Nation Building in Africa: The Case of Bilingual Cameroon and the Senegambia Confederation in Historical and Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Nicodemus Fru Awasom
Published: July 2023

This article is a comparative study of the impact of the colonial presence in nation building in Africa. The author argues that the colonial presence created identity markers and mindsets which sometimes facilitated but most of the time complicated the nation-building endeavours of African statesmen. The inherited Anglo-Saxon values and Gallic legacies in bilingual Cameroon on the one hand, and Senegal and The Gambia, which is located inside its belly, on the other hand, pose problems in different ways. In the case of Cameroon, the Anglo- French partition of the territory, which was originally a German protectorate, was transcended by the political elite of the two territories to achieve a reunified sovereign state in 1961 owing to a common German colonial past that generated a historical memory of one Cameroon. But Anglophone-Francophone differences in postcolonial Cameroon pose nation-building problems. In the case of Senegal and The Gambia, the British recommended close union between the two states for purposes of economic viability. But the colonially inherited values of the two states supplanted their common African ethnic bonds and militated against political integration. Thus, in both Cameroon and the Sene-Gambia, English and French colonial values constitute identity markers that pose a great challenge to nation building.
7 - The Taiping and the Aladura: A Comparative Study of Charismatically Based Christian Movements
Authors: David Lindenfeld
Published: July 2023

The paper utilizes the comparative method to work towards an understanding of cross-cultural religious interactions that eschews the distinction between so- called traditional and world religions. It highlights the importance of charis- matic authority based on prophetic vision in two disparate geographical and cultural contexts. Both the Taiping Rebellion (1851–64) and the Aladura churches in southwestern Nigeria in the early twentieth century represented adaptations of Christianity to local circumstances. Although the Aladura churches did not have the politically subversive impact of the famous Chinese rebellion, their popularity as movements of prayer and healing reveal a similar dynamic: of leadership based on visions and extraordinary states of consciousness; rivalries for power based on competing visions; and strategies of routinizing charisma through institutions and Biblical texts. Both movements exhibited a concentra- tion of spirituality, expressed in anti-idolatry and a quest for purity, that mobi- lized energies and led to dramatic change. Jung's theory of withdrawal of pro- jections may better describe this process than Weber's theory of disenchantment.
6 - Reclaiming the Bakassi Kingdom: The Anglophone Cameroon – Nigeria Border
Authors: Molem Christopher Sama  , Debora Johnson-Ross
Published: July 2023

The Bakassi Kingdom provides an excellent opportunity to examine the ques- tion of identity from the individual level to the community, state and external levels. On the one hand, this peninsula has become a continuous bone of con- tention between the Cameroonian and Nigerian states since soon after inde- pendence. Indigenes of the region have never accepted the existence of the colonial boundaries. Regular border skirmishes raised international attention in the 1990s when the two sides became involved in a protracted war over the sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula, an area rich in oil reserves. On the other hand, this border has never hindered the large-scale circulation of people and goods in the borderlands. This article will outline some of the underlying rea- sons for the frequent border disputes between the Cameroonian and Nigerian states since independence, culminating in the Bakassi Peninsula conflict in the 1990s, and then explore the impact on relations between the Anglophone Cameroonian and Nigerian resident populations using four distinct perspectives.
Afrika Zamani: n°15 & 16, 2007-2008 - Full Issue
Authors: Journal System
Published: July 2023

Contents 

1. Musique et danse chez les Haratin de Mauritanie : Conscience identitaire et/ou dissidence culturelle ? 

Abderrahmane Ngaîde ........................... 1

2. The Cinema, a Place of Tension in Colonial Africa: Movie Censorship in French West Africa 

Odile Goerg ......................................... 27

Acculturation and Botswana Migrant Minersin South Africa, 1930–1980 

Wazha Morapedi .............................................................. 45

Migrations, Identité et construction étatique au Sahel Nigérien : l'expérience des populations du Damargu précolonial (République du Niger) 

Malam Issa Mahaman .................................................. 63

Esclavage et traite des esclaves dans les manuels de l'enseignement secondaire du Sénégal 

Ibrahima Seck ........................................... 99

Retour sur les conditions historiques et sociologiques de la fondation de la Tijaniyya 

El Hadji Samba Diallo ....................................................... 125
2 - The Cinema, a Place of Tension in Colonial Africa: Film Censorship in French West Africa
Authors: Odile Goerg
Published: July 2023

Although cinema quickly became an important leisure activity in colonial Africa, its development and impact have not been studied in regard to French colonies. After analysing the context in which movies were watched, mainly in the most important cities, this paper moves on to study the government’s attitude to- wards this new and potentially subversive activity. Censorship regulations were passed from the mid-1930s on, and censorship boards were organised, respon- sible for allowing or forbidding the screening of movies.
The study considers the motives for censorship and its actual implementa- tion, the reactions of the audience and official responses (including closures), sometimes decided on the spot. Foreign movies, be they Egyptian, Hindu or American, sometimes allowed movies-goers to express not only their enthusi- asm, but also their feelings towards colonial authorities. Movies theaters became then a site of tension, especially in late colonialism.
Although this paper focusses primarily on French colonies, its comparative dimension makes it an important contribution to the study of cinema-going in Africa.
3 - Acculturation and Botswana Migrant Miners in South Africa, 1930–1980
Authors: Wazha G. Morapedi
Published: July 2023

This paper analyzes the acculturation of Botswana mine migrants who worked in the South African mines between 1930 and 1980. It shows how the compound mine system affected Botswana cultural practices. The study argues that some Botswana men ended up living permanently in South Africa and taking up the languages and cultural practices of South Africans and they came to be known in Botswana as Makgweelwa. However, the paper reveals that Botswana men kept contact with their families and relatives back home and that complete acculturation was not pronounced. It argues that Botswana men in the South African mines maintained their language and cultural practices, and that no dominant language existed in the compounds. The compound system also helped lessen acculturation because men were housed separately according to their ethnicities.
5 - Esclavage et traite des esclaves dans les manuels de l’enseignement secondaire du Sénégal
Authors: Ibrahima Seck
Published: July 2023

Le traitement de l’histoire africaine dans l’ordre du discours colonial a joué un rôle déterminant dans l’orientation des écrits des premières générations d’historiens africains et, par conséquent, dans le façonnement du contenu des programmes et manuels d’histoire de première génération d’Afrique noire francophone.
Notre article s’inscrit en aval du traitement de la question de l’esclavage et des traites dans l’historiographie africaine francophone et des critiques qui ont été formulées à l’égard de celle-ci. À partir de l’exemple du Sénégal, nous examinons le traitement de la question de l’esclavage et des traites dans les programmes et les manuels d’histoire de l’école postcoloniale, plus précisément ceux de l’enseignement secondaire. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment la contestation des savoirs historiques coloniaux par les historiens africains des années 1950 a été transférée dans les manuels en usage dans les écoles postcoloniales du Sénégal, dans le cadre de la dynamique de relectures de l’histoire africaine opérées dans le sillage des mouvements anticoloniaux. Au préalable, il est nécessaire de revisiter les enjeux de l’histoire et de son enseignement dans le contexte colonial.
Il s’agit d’en analyser le contenu, d’identifier ses rapports avec la produc- tion historiographique, de mesurer la contribution des savoirs transmis au façonnement de la mémoire collective et de proposer de nouvelles orientations pédagogiques.
1 - Métissage in Nineteenth Century Senegal:Hybrid Identity and French Colonialism in a West African Town
Authors: Hilary Jones
Published: July 2023

This paper argues that Saint Louis’ peculiarity did not match neither the identity of African societies of the interior nor that of metropolitan France. neither was it identical to notions of sychretism or creolisation. At the contrary, this city gave birth to a cosmopolite society with different national, ethnic linguistic and religious identities comparatively influenced as they were by their relationships with States and societies of the Senegal Valley region, the transatlantic trade. This paper offers a re-reading of accounts by European travellers and officials combined with study of archival records, publications such as the Moniteur du Senegal, private papers and portrait photographs. Based on extensive field work, this paper sheds light on an overlooked aspect of African history and casts new light on modern Atlantic and French colonial history by suggesting that these locations were not solely formed by elite European actors but by local inhabitants of the colonies and remote outposts..
6 - Education et identité des « Portugais » en Casamance XIXè-début XXè1 Histoire d’une « assimilation » manquée ?
Authors: Céline Labrune-Badiane
Published: July 2023

L’histoire des Luso-Africains s’inscrit dans l’espace sénégambien au moment de l’arrivée des Portugais au XVè siècle et plus spécifiquement en Casamance au XVIIè siècle. L’identité de ces métis se construit dans leurs relations successives avec les Africains, les Portugais et les Français. Les Luso-Africains créent une société originale et consolident leurs liens en constituant des réseaux économiques et en mettant en œuvre des stratégies sociales et éducatives spécifiques. Les
« Portugais » de Ziguinchor envoient leurs enfants dans les écoles locales ouvertes par les missionnaires ou en Europe. Réinvestissant le projet français d’assimilation par l’école à partir de la fin du XIXè siècle, les « Portugais » de Ziguinchor continuent longtemps à revendiquer leur origine européenne. Du fait de leur faiblesse numérique, malgré leur relative réussite sociale, ils perdent progressivement le pouvoir tant sur le plan politique qu’économique, sont marginalisés dans le Sénégal post-colonial centralisé sur Dakar.