bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital health information on surgical treatment options for overactive bladder is underrepresented
Authors: Hüsch Tanja , Ober Sita , Haferkamp Axel , Schneidewind Laila , Saar Matthias , Kranz Jennifer
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Digital health information gains growing importance in the medical landscape. Despite its opportunities, there is a risk of patient misinformation which may adversely influence the patient–physician relationship. This investigation aimed to identify and compare differences in the content and quality of online health information on overactive bladder (OAB) between different digital platforms.

Methods

The platforms Google search, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube were searched for the keyword OAB. The search result links were classified as useful or misleading, advertisement and personal experience. Information regarding the organization of the source and available content on treatment modalities was collected. Descriptive analysis was applied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate heterogeneity regarding the distribution of information depending on the source. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The source with the highest quantity of useful content was YouTube (100%) and Google (100%), whereas LinkedIn included mostly misleading content (73%). YouTube and Google provided the greatest variety of health information and were dominated by professional associations. Surgical procedures for treating OAB were only described in 32% and 48% of Google and YouTube results, respectively. On Google, sacral neuromodulation and OnabotulinumtoxinA were described in 26% and bladder augmentation in only 16% of the search results. In contrast, alternative medicine was present in 76%.

Conclusions

A large gap in the information on surgical treatments of OAB could be identified independently from the utilized source. In contrast, conservative treatments and alternative medicine dominate the current informational sources.
Multimodal treatment and immune checkpoint inhibition in sinonasal mucosal melanoma: real-world data of a retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Scherzad Agmal , Stöth Manuel , Meyer Till J. , Haug Lukas , Gehrke Thomas , Schilling Bastian , Meierjohann Svenja , Scheich Matthias , Hagen Rudolf , Gesierich Anja , Hackenberg Stephan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Local failure and distant metastases occur frequently in sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM). Response rates to chemotherapy are low and targetable mutations are rarely detected. However, there is increasing data indicating efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). The aim of this retrospective monocenter study was to assess the mutational landscape and to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment and ICI in SNMM in a real-world setting.

Methods

Thirty-eight SNMM patients being treated between 1999 and 2020 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Survival curves were generated according to Kaplan–Meier and compared by the log-rank test.

Results

Local failure was seen in 60% of patients treated in a curative intent. Overall, 24% of all patients suffered from regional and 66% from distant metastases. Next generation sequencing revealed mutations of BRAF, NRAS and KRAS. One out of three patients treated with a primary ICI showed a complete response (CR) and two showed progressive disease. Eleven patients received ICI as a palliative treatment. CR could be observed in three patients and stable disease in one patient. In the whole study population, the 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 26%. OS was better for patients who received ICI during the course of disease.

Conclusions

Recurrences and distant metastases are frequent in SNMM. Durable CR could be observed after primary and palliative ICI. Therefore, ICI in a palliative, adjuvant or even neoadjuvant setting might play a promising role in SNMM therapy while targetable mutations are rarely detected.
H2-H2O immiscibility in Earth’s upper mantle
Authors: Vlasov Kirill , Audétat Andreas , Keppler Hans
Published: June 2023

Immiscibility between water and hydrogen-rich fluids may be responsible for the formation of super-reduced mineral assemblages and for the early oxidation of Earth´s upper mantle. In the current study, we present new data on the critical curve in the H2-H2O system to 1400 ℃ and 4 GPa. We utilized a synthetic fluid inclusion method to trap fluids at high P–T conditions within quartz and olivine crystals. Experiments were performed in a piston-cylinder type apparatus, employing a double-capsule technique. The inner capsule contained the crystal and fluids of interest, while the outer served as oxygen fugacity buffer, maintaining f(O2) at the iron-wüstite (Fe-FeO) equilibrium. Our results suggest that below ~ 2.5 GPa, the critical curve has a mostly linear slope of 200 ℃/GPa, while at more elevated pressure it becomes significantly steeper (400 ℃/GPa). This implies that in most of the modern, reduced upper mantle, water and hydrogen are immiscible, while localized heating events, such as rising plumes, may close the miscibility gap. The steep increase of the critical curve at high pressure observed in this study implies that even for very hot geotherms in the early Archean or the late Hadean, H2-H2O immiscibility likely occurred in the deeper parts of the upper mantle, thus making a plausible case for rapid H2 loss as a mechanism of early mantle oxidation. To constrain the geochemical fingerprint of this process, we performed a series of element partitioning experiments to unravel how the H2-H2O unmixing may affect element transfer. Noble gases such as Xe as well as methane are preferentially incorporated in the hydrogen-rich phase, with a XeH2O/XeH2 ratio of ~ 8. This partitioning pattern may, for example, explain the underabundance of Xe isotopes produced by fission of Pu in the mantle. These Xe isotopes may have been removed by a primordial H2-H2O unmixing event during the early stages of planetary evolution.
HumanBrainAtlas: an in vivo MRI dataset for detailed segmentations
Authors: Schira Mark M. , Isherwood Zoey J. , Kassem Mustafa S. , Barth Markus , Shaw Thomas B. , Roberts Michelle M. , Paxinos George
Published: June 2023

We introduce HumanBrainAtlas, an initiative to construct a highly detailed, open-access atlas of the living human brain that combines high-resolution in vivo MR imaging and detailed segmentations previously possible only in histological preparations. Here, we present and evaluate the first step of this initiative: a comprehensive dataset of two healthy male volunteers reconstructed to a 0.25 mm isotropic resolution for T1w, T2w, and DWI contrasts. Multiple high-resolution acquisitions were collected for each contrast and each participant, followed by averaging using symmetric group-wise normalisation (Advanced Normalisation Tools). The resulting image quality permits structural parcellations rivalling histology-based atlases, while maintaining the advantages of in vivo MRI. For example, components of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus are often impossible to identify using standard MRI protocols—can be identified within the present data. Our data are virtually distortion free, fully 3D, and compatible with the existing in vivo Neuroimaging analysis tools. The dataset is suitable for teaching and is publicly available via our website (hba.neura.edu.au), which also provides data processing scripts. Instead of focusing on coordinates in an averaged brain space, our approach focuses on providing an example segmentation at great detail in the high-quality individual brain. This serves as an illustration on what features contrasts and relations can be used to interpret MRI datasets, in research, clinical, and education settings.
Hypertrophic neuropathy: a possible cause of pain in children with Noonan syndrome and related disorders
Authors: Draaisma Fieke , Erasmus Corrie E. , Braakman Hilde M. H. , Burgers Melanie C. J. , Leenders Erika K. S. M. , Rinne Tuula , van Alfen Nens , Draaisma Jos M. T.
Published: June 2023

This study is aimed at describing the findings of high-resolution nerve ultrasound in children with Noonan syndrome (NS) and related disorders experiencing pain in their legs. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the NS expert center of the Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Patients were eligible if they were younger than 18 years, clinically and genetically diagnosed with NS or a NS related disorder, and experienced pain in their legs. Anamneses and physical examination were performed in all children. In addition, high-resolution nerve ultrasound was used to assess nerve hypertrophy and, if needed, complemented spinal magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Over a period of 6 months, four children, three with NS and one child with NS with multiple lentigines, who experienced pain of their legs were eligible for inclusion. Muscle weakness was found in two of them. High-resolution nerve ultrasound showed (localized) hypertrophic neuropathy in all patients. One child underwent additional spinal magnetic resonance imaging, which showed profound thickening of the nerve roots and plexus.

  Conclusion: In the four children included with a NS and related disorders, pain was concomitant with nerve hypertrophy, which suggests an association between these two findings. The use of high-resolution nerve ultrasound and spinal magnetic resonance imaging might result in better understanding of the nature of this pain and the possible association to nerve hypertrophy in patients with NS and related disorders.

What is Known:• Children with Noonan syndrome and related disorders may report pain in their legs, which is often interpreted as growing pain.• Some adults with Noonan syndrome and related disorders have hypertrophic neuropathy as a possible cause of neuropathic pain.

What is New:• This is the first study using high-resolution nerve ultrasound in children with Noonan syndrome and related disorders experiencing pain in their legs.• Hypertrophic neuropathy was diagnosed as possible cause of pain in four children with Noonan syndrome and related disorders.
Popular attitudes to climate change in the Pacific: the case of Samoa
Authors: Barbara Julien , Mudaliar Christopher , Leach Michael , Amosa Patila , Tauaa Susana , Imo Taema
Published: June 2023

Understanding popular attitudes to climate change can be important in developing effective climate adaptation responses. However, in the Pacific region, which is at the forefront of impacts of a changing climate, little attention has been given to popular perceptions of climate change. This paper presents the findings of a climate change module in the first Pacific Attitudes Survey (PAS), conducted in Samoa from December 2020 to January 2021. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of Samoans of voting age (n = 1319), the PAS gauges the views of ordinary Samoans towards climate change, including perceptions of the urgency of climate change action, perceptions of the effects of climate change in Samoa, and of individual or institutional capacity to act on climate change. Findings reveal that while most respondents believe that climate change was an urgent problem that needs to be addressed, a significant minority thought it will “never be necessary” to address climate change. This study also found level of education to be a significant factor in climate beliefs. Respondents who had higher education levels were more likely to rate climate change as an urgent problem. Those identifying climate change as an urgent problem that needs to be addressed were significantly more likely to agree that climate change was affecting Samoa in general and their own personal lives. We also found a significant association between perceptions that climate change was an “urgent problem that needs to be addressed”, and willingness to permanently migrate for work.
Climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation from farmers’ experience and behavior: a triple-loop review
Authors: Ricart Sandra , Gandolfi Claudio , Castelletti Andrea
Published: June 2023

Individuals and communities socially construct risk, and societies with greater risk perception may be more apt to mobilize or adapt to emergent threats like climate change. Increasing climate change awareness is often considered necessary in the first stages of the adaptation process to manage its impacts and reduce overall vulnerability. Since agriculture is affected by climate change in several ways, farmers can provide first-hand observations of climate change impacts and adaptation options. This paper aims to identify the current research trends and set the future research agenda on climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptive capacity from farmers’ experiences and behavior. We analyzed a portfolio of 435 articles collected from WoS and Scopus databases between 2010 and 2020 using bibliometrics. From the original portfolio, we select 108 articles for a more comprehensive and systematic review. Publication trends and content analysis have been employed to identify influential work, delineate the mental structure of farmers’ beliefs and concerns, and identify main research gaps. The comprehensive analysis reported (1) farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics influencing farmers’ perceptions; (2) awareness and changing climate evidence due to human activity; (3) the main perceived effects (rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme events); (4) the most relevant adaptation measures (crop changing and soil/water conservation techniques); and (5) factors and barriers limiting adaptation (lack of information, credit, and expertness). The review outlines the main gaps and their drivers to help future researchers, managers, and decision-makers to prioritize their actions according to farmers’ concerns and their adaptive capacity to reduce farming vulnerability.
Low-polarity untargeted metabolomic profiling as a tool to gain insight into seminal fluid
Authors: Olesti Eulalia , Boccard Julien , Rahban Rita , Girel Sergey , Moskaleva Natalia E. , Zufferey Fanny , Rossier Michel F. , Nef Serge , Rudaz Serge , González-Ruiz Víctor
Published: June 2023

Introduction

A decrease in sperm cell count has been observed along the last several decades, especially in the most developed regions of the world. The use of metabolomics to study the composition of the seminal fluid is a promising approach to gain access to the molecular mechanisms underlying this fact.

Objectives

In the present work, we aimed at relating metabolomic profiles of young healthy men to their semen quality parameters obtained from conventional microscopic analysis.

Methods

An untargeted metabolomics approach focusing on low- to mid-polarity compounds was used to analyze a subset of seminal fluid samples from a cohort of over 2700 young healthy men.

Results

Our results show that a broad metabolic profiling comprising several families of compounds (including acyl-carnitines, steroids, and other lipids) can contribute to effectively distinguish samples provided by individuals exhibiting low or high absolute sperm counts.

Conclusion

A number of metabolites involved in sexual development and function, signaling, and energy metabolism were highlighted as being distinctive of samples coming from either group, proving untargeted metabolomics as a promising tool to better understand the pathophysiological processes responsible for male fertility impairment.
Normative Defeaters and the Alleged Impossibility of Mere Animal Knowledge for Reflective Subjects
Authors: Melis Giacomo
Published: June 2023

One emerging issue in contemporary epistemology concerns the relation between animal knowledge, which can be had by agents unable to take a view on the epistemic status of their attitudes, and reflective knowledge, which is only available to agents capable of taking such a view. Philosophers who are open to animal knowledge often presume that while many of the beliefs of human adults are formed unreflectively and thus constitute mere animal knowledge, some of them—those which become subject of explicit scrutiny or are the result of a deliberative effort—may attain the status of reflective knowledge. According to Sanford Goldberg and Jonathan Matheson (2020), however, it is impossible for reflective subjects to have mere animal knowledge. If correct, their view would have a number of repercussions, perhaps most notably the vindication of a dualism about knowledge, which would frustrate attempts to provide a unified account of knowledge-attributions to human adults, very young children, and non-human animals. I discuss Goldberg and Matheson’s proposal, outline some of the ways in which it is insightful, and argue that it is ultimately unsuccessful because it neglects the inherent temporal dimension of knowledge acquisition. While the article is pitched as a reply to Goldberg and Matheson, its primary aim is to highlight significant connections between the debates on the relation between animal and reflective knowledge, propositional and doxastic justification, and the theory of epistemic defeat.
Joint Physical Custody and Mothers’ Well-Being. An Analysis of Life Satisfaction, Depressiveness, and Stress
Authors: Augustijn Lara
Published: June 2023

Although research has shown that separation or divorce can have negative consequences for mothers, only a few empirical studies have explored the association between joint physical custody and mothers’ well-being. To close this research gap, this study investigated how child physical custody arrangements (joint physical custody vs. sole physical custody) are related to three dimensions of maternal well-being: life satisfaction, depressiveness, and stress. With data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) survey, OLS regression models were estimated for 996 residential mothers living in post-separation families. The results of the statistical analysis showed that mothers with joint physical custody reported statistically significantly higher levels of life satisfaction as well as lower levels of depressiveness and stress than mothers with sole physical custody. However, when controlling for the mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and family relationships, the differences between mothers in joint and sole physical custody families disappeared, indicating that mothers’ post-separation well-being cannot be explained by the physical custody arrangement these mothers practiced. Instead, factors like the mother’s partnership status, the mother-child relationship, and the interparental relationship were more strongly related to maternal well-being. When testing interaction effects between the physical custody arrangement and the individual control variables, only one interaction was significant in predicting mothers’ levels of life satisfaction and stress: the interaction between the physical custody arrangement and the age of the child living in this arrangement. This finding suggests that having joint physical custody is only beneficial for mothers with older (i.e., school-aged) children.
Is the intimal thickness a key contributor to thoracic aortopathy?
Authors: Grewal Nimrat , Poelmann Robert
Published: June 2023

Background

An aortic dissection is the most devastating complication of thoracic aortic disease. Several non- and syndromic conditions such as a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and Marfan syndrome (MFS) have a severely increased risk to develop a thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. To date, the medial layer has been extensively studied in search of the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to aortic complications.

Objective

We aim to determine whether intimal layer pathology is characteristic in all thoracic aortopathy regardless of the underlying etiology.

Method

A total of 176 aortic wall specimen were studied for the intimal layer architecture including the intimal thickness, endothelial cell morphology, and atherosclerosis. Specimens were derived from four patient groups: BAV (n = 70, age 57 ± 8.9 years), isolated tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) (n = 38, age 64.9 ± 11.0 years), MFS with a TAV (n = 8, age 34.2 ± 11.0 years), type A dissections with a TAV (n = 60, age 62.7 ± 10 years).

Results

The intimal layer is significantly thinner in BAV, MFS, and type A aortic dissection as compared to the isolated TAV patients (p < 0.001). Intimal atherosclerosis was also significantly less present in the three groups as compared to the isolated TAV (p < 0.05).

Discussion

A thin intimal layer is a common finding in the thoracic aortopathy patients. Studies aiming at preventing future aortic complications should focus on the intimal pathology as a common effector pathway in thoracic aortopathy.
ABHD17C, a metabolic and immune-related gene signature, predicts prognosis and anti-PD1 therapy response in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Weihao , Xie Yongjie , Yu Xin , Liu Changfu , Gao Wei , Xing Wenge , Si Tongguo
Published: June 2023

Background

PDAC is a highly malignant and immune-suppressive tumor, posing great challenges to therapy.

Methods

In this study, we utilized multi-center RNA sequencing and non-negative matrix factorization clustering (NMF) to identify a group of metabolism-related genes that could effectively predict the immune status and survival (both disease-free survival and overall survival) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Subsequently, through the integration of single cell sequencing and our center's prospective and retrospective cohort studies, we identified ABHD17C, which possesses metabolic and immune-related characteristics, as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis and response to anti-PD1 therapy in PDAC. We then demonstrated how ABHD17C participates in the regulation of the immune microenvironment through in vitro glycolytic function experiments and in vivo animal experiments.

Results

Through screening for pancreatic cancer metabolic markers and immune status, we identified a critical molecule that inhibits pancreatic cancer survival and prognosis. Further flow cytometry analysis confirmed that ABHD17C is involved in the inhibition of the formation of the immune environment in PDAC. Our research found that ABHD17C participates in the metabolic process of tumor cells in in vitro and in vivo experiments, reshaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment by downregulating the pH value. Furthermore, through LDHA inhibition experiments, we demonstrated that ABHD17C significantly enhances glycolysis and inhibits the formation of the immune suppressive environment. In in vivo experiments, we also validated that ABHD17C overexpression significantly mediates resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion

Therefore, ABHD17C may be a novel and effective biomarker for predicting the metabolic status and immune condition of PDAC patients, and provide a potential predictive strategy for anti-PD1 therapy in PDAC.
Application of artificial neural network models and random forest algorithm for estimation of fracture intensity from petrophysical data
Authors: Zaiery Marzieh , Kadkhodaie Ali , Arian Mehran , Maleki Zahra
Published: June 2023

Natural fractures play an essential role in the characterization and modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Modeling fractured reservoirs requires an understanding of fracture characteristics. Fractured zones can be detected by using seismic data, petrophysical logs, well tests, drilling mud loss history and core description. In this study, the feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), cascade feed forward neural networks (CFFN) and random forests (RF) were used to determine fracture density from petrophysical logs. The model performance was assessed using statistical measures including the root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE) and Willmott’s index (WI). Conventional good logs and full-bore micro-resistivity imaging data were available from three drilled wells of the Mozduran reservoir, Khangiran gas field. According to the findings of this research, the FFNN model showed a higher KGE and WI, and a higher correlation coefficient (R2) compared to the CFNN model. The CFNN model outperformed the FFNN model with lower neurons. The models' performance was also improved by increasing the number of neurons in the hidden layers from 8 to 35. The findings of this study demonstrate that the measured and FFNN calculated fracture intensity is in excellent agreement with image log results showing a correlation coefficient of 92%. The RF algorithm showed higher stability and robustness in predicting fracture intensity with a correlation coefficient of 93%. The results of this study can successfully be used as an aid in a more successful reservoir dynamic modeling and production data analysis.
Simulating dense, rate-independent suspension rheology using LAMMPS
Authors: Ness Christopher
Published: June 2023

Dense suspensions are widespread in nature, manufacturing and process engineering. Particle-based simulations have proven to be an invaluable complement to experimental rheological characterisation, serving as a virtual rheometer that enables rapid exploration of parameter space and detailed scrutiny of microscopic dynamics. To maximise the utility of such simulations, it can be advantageous to exploit pre-existing, well-optimised, well-documented codes. Here we provide a simple description of how to use LAMMPS to study the rheology of dense, granular suspensions.
Auto-weighted multiple kernel tensor clustering
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Liu Jinhua , Chang Cun , Ren Zhenwen
Published: June 2023

Multiple kernel subspace clustering (MKSC) has attracted intensive attention since its powerful capability of exploring consensus information by generating a high-quality affinity graph from multiple base kernels. However, the existing MKSC methods still exist the following limitations: (1) they essentially neglect the high-order correlations hidden in different base kernels; and (2) they perform candidate affinity graph learning and consensus affinity graph learning in two separate steps, where suboptimal solution may be obtained. To alleviate these problems, a novel MKSC method, namely auto-weighted multiple kernel tensor clustering (AMKTC), is proposed. Specifically, AMKTC first integrates the consensus affinity graph learning and candidate affinity graph learning into a unified framework, where the optimal goal can be achieved by making these two learning processes negotiate with each other. Further, an auto-weighted fusion scheme with one-step manner is proposed to learn the final consensus affinity graph, where the reasonable weights will be automatically learned for each candidate graph. Finally, the essential high-order correlations between multiple base kernels can be captured by leveraging tensor-singular value decomposition (t-SVD)-based tensor nuclear norm constraint on a 3-order graph tensor. Experiments on seven benchmark datasets with eleven comparison methods demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art clustering performance.
Gas fracturing behavior and breakdown pressure prediction model for granite under different confining pressure and injection rate
Authors: Long Xiting , Xie Heping , Liu Jie , Li Ning , Li Cunbao
Published: June 2023

Conventional hydraulic fracturing techniques are often found problematic for extracting geothermal energy in hot dry rock (HDR). As an alternative, employing the less viscous gas to replace water as the fracturing fluid showed great potential for more effective fracturing of HDR. In this work, the failure behavior and mechanism of granite during gas fracturing under different confining pressures and gas injection rates are comprehensively examined. It is shown that the breakdown pressure increases with the increase of confining pressure, whereas higher gas injection rate can result in evident decrease of the breakdown pressure. As the confining pressure grows, the acoustic emission (AE) event increases rapidly, with much higher AE counts observed at high gas injection rates than at low injection rates. Comparatively, the AE energy decreases under high confining pressure, due probably to granite transitioning from brittle to ductile. It is interesting that theb-value of AE varies dramatically as the gas injection rate becomes higher with significant fluctuations, indicating the ratio of large fracture and small fracture changes drastically during gas fracturing. In addition, the length of the induced fractures decreases with the increase of confining pressure during gas fracturing, and the length and width of vertical fractures are evidently larger when at high gas injection rate. Last, a novel theoretical predictive model is proposed for estimating breakdown pressure during gas fracturing based on the average tensile stress criteria, which is featured by considering the effect of confining pressure and gas flow behaviors. The theoretical prediction agrees with the experimental results. The present study can provide valuable results for theoretical analysis and engineering applications of gas fracturing in stimulating the HDR reservoirs.
Versuch einer Reaktivierung des semantischen Netzwerks als Werkzeug zur Ermittlung der kognitiven Mechanismen bei der Bedeutungsbildung am Beispiel der Präposition an
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska Jolanta
Published: June 2023

Die meisten kognitionslinguistischen Studien zur Semantik der Präposition stützen sich auf englisches Sprachmaterial. Dabei stoßen polysemische korpusbasierte Analysen aufgrund methodologischer Unzulänglichkeiten auf Probleme und Kritik. Diese betreffen die Netzwerke, die Kriterien der Bedeutungsdifferenzierung und den Umfang der zu untersuchenden sprachlichen Einheit. So wurden Netzwerkanalysen zu Präpositionen nahezu aufgegeben. Der Beitrag liefert am Beispiel der bidirektionalen PräpositionanEvidenz, dass trotz der Kritik Netzwerke ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur Erfassung des konzeptuellen Potenzials der präpositionalen Kategorien darstellen. Sie können als theoretische Modelle der mentalen Repräsentation der Bedeutungen der Präpositionen fungieren. Im Beitrag werden die prototypische Bedeutung der Präpositionan, Konzeptualisierungen ihrer räumlichen und abstrakten Bedeutungserweiterungen sowie nicht eindeutige Beispiele diskutiert. Im Schlussteil wird für die intensivierten, sprachvergleichenden und korpusbasierten Netzwerkanalysen der präpositionalen Kategorien argumentiert, da sie das konzeptuelle Potenzial der Netzwerke samt deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und -grenzen kontrastiv beleuchten. Damit wäre auch für die weiterführenden sprachspezifischen und sprachenübergreifenden Netzwerkanalysen der Grund gelegt.
Detection of Cd2+ based on Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion/GCE sensor
Authors: Gao Jiaqi , Qiu Chengjun , Qu Wei , Zhuang Yuan , Wang Ping , Yan Yirou , Wu Yuxuan , Zeng Zexi , Huang Gao , Deng Ruonan , Yan Guohui , Yan Jiaqi , Zhang Ruoyu
Published: June 2023

It is necessary to detect cadmium ions in seawater with high sensitivity because the pollution of cadmium ions seriously endangers the health and life of human beings. Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a drop coating method. The electrocatalytic properties of Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion were measured by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used to study the stripping Voltammetry response of the modified electrode to Cd2+. The optimal conditions were determined: In 0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc solution, the solution pH was 4.2, the deposition potential was − 1.0 V, and the deposition time was 720 s, the membrane thickness was 8 μL. Under the optimum condition, the linear relation of Cd2+ concentration was found in the range of 5–300 μg/L, and the detection limit was 0.053 μg/L. The recovery of Cd2+ in seawater ranged from 99.2 to 102.9%. A composite material with simple operation, rapid response and high sensitivity was constructed for the determination of Cd2+ in seawater.

Graphical abstract
Intergenerational livelihood dependence on ecosystem services: A descriptive analysis of the ivory palm in coastal Ecuador
Authors: Salgado Jorge , Montúfar Rommel , Gehrung Jacob , Atallah Shady S.
Published: June 2023

Research on ecosystem services (ES) is heavily concentrated on ecological and economic indicators and values, with a much more limited understanding of communities’ dependence on cultural ES. That body of research is also typically focused on current generations and generates limited insights into the intergenerational dynamics of ES dependence. We use a survey of six palm harvesting communities in coastal western Ecuador to assess the livelihood dependence of four generations on 17 ES provided by the ivory palm, a near-threatened keystone species in Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama. Despite the historical prominence of the use of the ivory palm’s nut, we find that dependence is highest for regulating, supporting, and cultural ES, a result that holds across generations. We find a negative association between the current generation’s dependence on the ivory palm’s provisioning ES and that of their grandparents, who experienced the historical boom of the ivory palm’s nut exports. In contrast, respondents expect the future generation’s dependence to be positively associated with that of the grandparents’ generation. We find that provisioning ES have a complementary relationship with cultural ES and a substitutive relationship with supporting ES. Relationships across ES categories can be reversed from one generation to the next.
Upper large deviations for power-weighted edge lengths in spatial random networks
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Willhalm Daniel
Published: June 2023

We study the large-volume asymptotics of the sum of power-weighted edge lengths
$\sum_{e \in E}|e|^\alpha$
in Poisson-based spatial random networks. In the regime
$\alpha > d$
, we provide a set of sufficient conditions under which the upper-large-deviation asymptotics are characterized by a condensation phenomenon, meaning that the excess is caused by a negligible portion of Poisson points. Moreover, the rate function can be expressed through a concrete optimization problem. This framework encompasses in particular directed, bidirected, and undirected variants of the k-nearest-neighbor graph, as well as suitable
$\beta$
-skeletons.
P.008 Alzheimer’s disease biomarker testing from the perspective of patients and caregivers
Authors: Patel KJ , Yang D , Feldman HH , Hsiung GR , Nygaard HB , Best JR , Dwosh ER , Robillard JM , DeMarco ML
Published: June 2023

Background: To enrich our understanding of the impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) CSF biomarker testing on patients and caregivers, we examined these perspectives within the IMPACT-AD BC study. Methods: IMPACT-AD BC (NCT05002699, impactAD.org) is an observational, longitudinal study examining the impact of AD CSF biomarker testing (i.e., amyloid-beta and tau proteoforms) on personal and medical utility, and health economics. Patients underwent AD biomarker testing as part of medical care (n=142), and for the personal utility arm, a subset of patients (n=34), and their ‘care partner’ (n=31), were interviewed post-biomarker disclosure to understand their decision-making to undergo testing and the impact of learning the test results. Results: The primary consideration in patients’ decision to undergo testing was the desire for diagnostic clarity (63%). After biomarker result disclosure, patients’ positive feelings stemmed largely from having greater diagnostic certainty (55%) and the ability to plan for the future (23%), including making financial changes (58%) and care plans (21%). Care partners conveyed that biomarker testing provided needed information to help plan for the future and spurred them to connect with community resources. Conclusions: Patients and care partners value the diagnostic clarity from AD biomarker testing and use the information to make informed future plans.
P.022 Cross-cultural experiences and expectations from caregivers of people living with Parkinson’s Disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Achen B , Terroba Chambi C , Bruno V
Published: June 2023

Background: Care partners of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) must continually cope with various stressors due to changes resulting from the disease process, including assisting and supporting with their medical, emotional, and social needs. Caregivers’ expectations, preferences, and experiences on PD management are a cornerstone to guarantee a comprehensive treatment of the disease and may be influenced or determined by cultural backgrounds. Methods: Comprehensive literature review to investigate the roles, experiences, and needs of caregivers of PwPD across cultures. We critically reviewed and analyzed the all published studies that examined the impact of cultural diversity on caregiving in PD. Results: Among some significant results, we found profound differences in caregivers’ experiences and perceptions between U.S, Mexican, and Latin-American, Asian, African and Indian caregivers. There are clear negative reinforced effects between caregiver status, education, health, labor participation and income-generating capacity, and social protection combined with the age and gender differences. Canadian information was not available. Conclusions: There is still a gap in the literature with a need for social and health services to understand the cultural factors that impact caregiver burden in PD to facilitate wellbeing and support from health and social services to better aid those in the caregiver role.
P.031 The effect of burst suppression on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in animals and humans - a systematic review
Authors: Siddiqi A , Froese L , Gomez A , Sainbhi AS , Stein K , Park K , Vakitbilir N , Zeiler FA
Published: June 2023

Background: Burst suppression (BS) is an EEG pattern in which there are isoelectric periods interspersed with bursts of cortical activity. Targeting BS through anesthetic administration is used as a tool in the neuro-ICU but its relationship with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral autoregulation (CA) is unclear. We performed a systematic review investigating the effect of BS on CBF and CA in animals and humans. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library from inception to July 2022. The data that were collected included study population, methods to induce and measure BS, and the effect on CBF and CA. Results: In total 45 animal and 26 human studies were included in the final review. In almost all the studies, BS was induced using an anaesthetic. In most of the animal and human studies, BS was associated with a decrease in CBF and cerebral metabolism, even if the mean arterial pressure remained constant. The effect on CA during periods of stress (hypercapnia, hypothermia, etc.) was variable. Conclusions: BS is associated with a reduction in cerebral metabolic demand and CBF, which may explain its usefulness in patients with brain injury. More evidence is needed to elucidate the connection between BS and CA.
P.049 Neurologists’ attitudes and perceptions on palliative care: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Wan M , Cristall N , Bruno V , Kapadia R , Francis G , Cooke L
Published: June 2023

Background: Despite significant advances in the treatment of neurological disorders, many conditions remain palliative. Neurologists are in a unique position as they are integral in providing patient centered care, understanding neurologic disease and illness trajectory, and how disease can affect patients’ sense of self and values. Currently, little is known about neurologists’ perceptions and challenges in care planning and palliative care for their patients. Methods: A qualitative approach was utilized with semi-structured interviews of ten neurologists. Data was analyzed using a constant comparative method (constructivist grounded theory). Results: Participants represented a broad spectrum of neurologist experience and subspecialties. Four theories were identified: (1) care planning and palliative care are high priorities, (2) neurologic diseases uniquely affect patients and require a dynamic, patient-centered care plan, (3) a care gap exists in providing palliative care for neurologic patients with multifactorial barriers, and (4) opportunities to improve care exist with continuing education, collaboration, and health system support. Conclusions: Neurologists have a key role in care planning and palliative care for patients with chronic neurological diseases. Our findings show that there is a gap in the provision of palliative care. Future directions may include exploring educational opportunities and dedicated health systems to improve care management.
P.051 Effect of lemborexant on cognition in patients with comorbid insomnia disorder and mild obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Moline M , Cheng JY , Kumar D , Ramos B , Lowe AD
Published: June 2023

Background: Some sleep-promoting medications are associated with cognitive impairment, making treatment of comorbid obstructive-sleep-apnea (OSA) and insomnia (COMISA) challenging. Lemborexant is a dual-orexin-receptor-antagonist approved for insomnia treatment. This post-hoc analysis evaluated cognition in the subgroup of subjects with mild-OSA (apnea-hypopnea-index ≥5–<15 events/h-of-sleep). Methods: Study E2006-G000-304 was a 1-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)- and active-comparator (zolpidem-ER 6.25mg [ZOL])-controlled study of lemborexant 5/10mg (LEM5/LEM10). Subjects ≥55y with insomnia disorder/sleep maintenance problems were enrolled (N=1006). A cognitive-performance assessment battery (CPAB) was performed at morning waketime of Days(D)2/3 and D30/31. Change-from-baseline (CFB) for mean power-of-attention (PoA), continuity-of-attention (CoA), quality-of-memory (QoM), and speed-of-memory-retrieval (SoMR) for CPAB tasks was analyzed. Results: The mild-OSA subgroup comprised 410 (40.8%) subjects. On D2/3 and D30/31, CFB for PoA, CoA, QoM, and SoMR for LEM5/LEM10 were not significantly different than PBO. On D2/3, PoA and QoM were significantly worse with ZOL vs PBO; QoM was significantly better with LEM5/LEM10 vs ZOL. On D30/31, SoMR was significantly worse with ZOL vs PBO and significantly better with LEM5/LEM10 vs ZOL. LEM safety in the subgroup was consistent with the overall study population. Conclusions: Memory and attention domains in subjects with COMISA characterized by mild-OSA were not impacted by LEM, unlike ZOL.

Support: Eisai Inc.
P.058 Reasons for withholding tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) administration during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary stroke centre
Authors: Pourhaj M , Whelan R , Graham B
Published: June 2023

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, including Canada. Treatments for stroke are time dependent and IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke decreases the chance of disability at 90 days if given within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic was initially associated with a decrease in acute stroke treatment with thrombolysis across North America. These decreases seemed transient, with a rebound in numbers seen in other provinces across Canada as widespread lockdown orders were lifted. However, a rebound in thrombolysis was not seen at Royal University Hospital (RUH) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during the same period. We will analyze documented reasons why thrombolysis was withheld. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with ischemic strokes presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to the RUH from March 2019 –January 2021. We received a waiver of consent from the Research Ethics Board. Results: 128 patients met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis is currently ongoing. Conclusions: Initial results suggest that there are similar reasons for withholding tPA before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The main reasons include rapidly resolving/resolved symptoms and a documented tPA exclusion criterion.
P.061 Stroke from cerebral artery dissection after cervical spine manipulation therapy in younger patient case report
Authors: Elashaal AA , Elashaal Y
Published: June 2023

Background: Cervical and lumber spine manipulation therapy is widely used treatment of spinal degenerative disc disease. Serous side affects can be associated with this treatment especially in cervical spine. Stroke represents an infrequent adverse reaction associated with cervical spine manipulation therapy. Methods: 34 year old lady presented to Emergency Department (ED) referring Hospital 20 minutes after having neck manipulation by a chiropractor, she complained of neck pain after the manipulation with syncope, half hour later developed visual field loss, with few episodes of emesis, and increasing headache. Results: The patient was started on Aspirin and admitted locally for observation. Computers tomography (CT) head , CT-Angiography showed left Vertebral artery (V3 segment) , MRI showed acute infarction within the both cerebellar hemisphere, after 3 days patient transferred to our unit, patient had posterior fossa decompressive craniotomy with external ventricular drainage (EVD), discharged to rehabilitation 2 weeks, 2 months follow-up patient improving. Conclusions: There is inceased evidence that shows increased association between spinal manipulation and adverse effects and dissection of vertebral arteries in younger population. Younger patients (< 45 years) are particulary high risk, they should be informed of the risk of stroke or vascular injury from this procedure. No aggresive manipulation in younger population.
P.063 Physician approaches to the initial management of an intraluminal thrombus in recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: results from the Hot Carotid Study
Authors: MacLean D , Beland B , Jewett G , Bartolini L , Campbell DJ , Varma M , Singh R , Al-Sultan A , Wong J , Menon B , Ganesh A
Published: June 2023

Background: The presence of intraluminal thrombi (ILT) in acutely symptomatic carotid stenosis (“hot carotid”) represents a therapeutic dilemma for physicians. With little evidence to guide treatment, current ILT management approaches rely on individual or institutional preferences. Methods: This mixed methods study analyzed themes from semi-structured interviews with 22 stroke physicians from 16 centers, paired with a worldwide case-based survey of 628 stroke physicians conducted through the “Practice Current” section of Neurology: Clinical Practice. Results: In the thematic analysis of the interviews and quantitative analysis of the survey, participants favoured using anticoagulation with or without antiplatelet agents in patients with ILT (463/628, 74%). Despite a preference for anticoagulation, uncertainty regarding optimal antithrombotic management was noted in the thematic analysis. Additional themes identified included a preference for re-imaging patients in 3-5 days after initiating treatment to look for complete or partial clot resolution, at which point most experts would then be comfortable proceeding with revascularization if indicated, though uncertainty regarding the optimal timing of revascularization was noted. Conclusions: In cases of ILT in the “hot carotid” practice patterns of global experts show a preference for using anticoagulation and reimaging patients in 3-5 days, though there is considerable equipoise regarding the most appropriate management of these patients.