bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-Utility of an Objective Biochemical Measure to Improve Adherence to Antihypertensive Treatment
Authors: van Schoonhoven Alexander V. , van Asselt Antoinette D.I. , Tomaszewski Maciej , Patel Prashanth , Khunti Kamlesh , Gupta Pankaj , Postma Maarten J.
Published: October 2018

Nonadherence to antihypertensive medications is known to be a major health problem. Novel biochemical analyses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are becoming accepted as a clinically useful objective measure to manage (non)adherence in Hypertension Clinics. Discussion of results from such analyses with patients can significantly improve adherence and blood pressure control. Our objective was to model the cost-effectiveness of performing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analyses in improving adherence in patients with hypertension. Lifetime cost-utility was assessed from a UK healthcare payer perspective, using a Markov model. Efficacy was based on study findings of lowering blood pressure because of improved adherence to drug treatment. Cost and utilities were derived from literature. The base case cohort consisted of males aged 65 years. Subgroup analyses included varying population sex and age and a subgroup of patients with apparent resistant hypertension. Additionally, univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Our findings are reported after the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. Per patient, screening resulted in 0.020 incremental quality-adjusted life-years and a negative incremental cost of £495, suggesting the intervention to be dominant compared with care as usual. Targeting younger patients or patients with apparent resistant hypertension would further improve these outcomes. Modeling suggested that screening prevented 518 myocardial infarctions and 305 stroke events in a cohort of 10 000 male hypertensive patients. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based biochemical analyses to improve adherence in hypertensive patients is likely to be an effective and cost-saving strategy, especially in patients with apparent resistant hypertension.
Aging Alters the Relative Contributions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System to Blood Pressure Control in Women
Authors: Baker Sarah E. , Limberg Jacqueline K. , Dillon Gabrielle A. , Curry Timothy B. , Joyner Michael J. , Nicholson Wayne T.
Published: October 2018

Autonomic support of blood pressure increases with age in humans. Large differences exist in the dose of trimethaphan (TMP) required for ganglionic blockade in young and older women. We asked whether differences in the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade are because of differences in the relative contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in control of blood pressure with age. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography, peroneal nerve), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure were recorded before and during incremental doses of TMP camsylate until ganglionic blockade was achieved (absence of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and <5-bpm increase in HR during a valsalva maneuver; final TMP dose, 1–7 mg/min). HR variability was analyzed from the ECG waveform (WinCPRS). The dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade is positively related to basal HR variability, where women with high HR variability require a higher dose of TMP to achieve ganglionic blockade. In contrast, baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity is inversely related with the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade, such that women with high basal muscle sympathetic nerve activity required a lower dose of TMP. As such, the change in HR with ganglionic blockade was positively related, and the change in mean arterial pressure was inversely related, with the dose of TMP required to achieve ganglionic blockade. These data suggest loss of parasympathetic tone and increased sympathetic tone with aging contribute to the increase in blood pressure with age in women and dictate the dose of TMP that is necessary to achieve ganglionic blockade.
Socioeconomic Mediators of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Congenital Heart Disease Outcomes: A Population‐Based Study in California
Authors: Peyvandi Shabnam , Baer Rebecca J. , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Oltman Scott P. , Chambers Christina D. , Norton Mary E. , Rajagopal Satish , Ryckman Kelli K. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Steurer Martina A.
Published: October 2018

Background

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in outcomes for children with congenital heart disease. We sought to determine the influence of race/ethnicity and mediating socioeconomic factors on 1‐year outcomes for live‐born infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and dextro‐Transposition of the great arteries.

Methods and Results

The authors performed a population‐based cohort study using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. Live‐born infants without chromosomal anomalies were included. The outcome was a composite measure of mortality or unexpected hospital readmissions within the first year of life defined as >3 (hypoplastic left heart syndrome) or >1 readmissions (dextro‐Transposition of the great arteries). Hispanic ethnicity was compared with non‐Hispanic white ethnicity. Mediation analyses determined the percent contribution to outcome for each mediator on the pathway between race/ethnicity and outcome. A total of 1796 patients comprised the cohort (n=964 [hypoplastic left heart syndrome], n=832 [dextro‐Transposition of the great arteries]) and 1315 were included in the analysis (n=477 non‐Hispanic white, n=838 Hispanic). Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a poor outcome (crude odds ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–2.17). Higher maternal education (crude odds ratio 0.5; 95%
CI
, 0.38–0.65) and private insurance (crude odds ratio, 0.65; 95%
CI
, 0.45–0.71) were protective. In the mediation analysis, maternal education and insurance status explained 33.2% (95%
CI
, 7–66.4) and 27.6% (95%
CI
, 6.5–63.1) of the relationship between race/ethnicity and poor outcome, while infant characteristics played a minimal role.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic factors explain a significant portion of the association between Hispanic ethnicity and poor outcome in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. These findings identify vulnerable populations that would benefit from resources to lessen health disparities.
Constraints and Freedom: A Conversation with Georg Katzer
Authors: Supper Martin
Published: October 2018

This interview sheds light both on a composer and on a hitherto overlooked field, the evolution of electroacoustic music in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, commonly called East Germany). This latter focus is vital insofar as little of it, if anything at all, is included in established histories of electroacoustic music. These typically take Cologne, Paris, or New York, together with the associated institutions and composers, as starting points, with nary a word for the GDR or elsewhere.

The composer Georg Katzer was a key personality in this era. In this conversation he discusses the genesis of electroacoustic music in the GDR, the influences of studios from other countries, the development of the electronic musical instrument known as the Subharchord, establishing a studio (under conditions which, despite adversity, also gave rise to results of a distinctive charm), formal affiliations with international organizations, and much more.
Prospective but not retrospective tool selection in the Goffin’s cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana)
Authors: Beinhauer I. , Bugnyar T. , Auersperg A.M.I.
Published: October 2018

The ability to select the necessary means for a familiar task while the task itself or the respective tools are out of sight suggests a rudimentary form of planning. Here we investigated if and how a non-specialized tool using bird, the Goffin’s cockatoo, can prospectively or retrospectively select the functional tool in a decision-making task featuring two different types of apparatuses and their corresponding tools. Each apparatus could only be employed with one specific type of tool. Either the apparatus was presented and occluded prior to the presentation of the tools (prospective condition) or the tools were presented and occluded prior to the presentation of the apparatus (retrospective condition). Our results suggest the birds can prospectively but not retrospectively select the correct tool, paralleling previous research in tool using apes, and indicate at least simple forms of prospective selection in the tool use of a species distantly related to primates.
Relational Equality and Disability Injustice
Authors: Brown Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2018

Disabled people suffer from pervasive inequalities in employment, education, transportation, housing, and health care compared to those who are not disabled. Moreover, people with disabilities are often subject to unjustified stigma and pity. In this paper, I will explain why these disadvantages violate relational egalitarian principles of justice. As I will show, my argument can account for both kinds of inequality that disabled people face.
The First English Collector of Jewish Wedding Rings and their Dealers
Authors: Mann Vivian B.
Published: October 2018

This essay discusses genuine medieval Jewish marriage rings, mostly dated to the fourteenth century, and then examines the rise in the collecting of Jewish marriage rings in the nineteenth century. As a result of the paucity of genuine medieval examples, forgers created rings that drew on characteristics of the early examples and on the decorative forms and techniques of other types of jewelry. Unscrupulous dealers then sold the forged marriage rings to collectors eager to complete their collections by including a Jewish example. The essay concludes with a consideration of possible motives for acquiring Jewish marriage rings.
Leonid Brezhnev and Edward Gierek: The Making and Breaking of an Uneven Friendship
Authors: Szumski Jakub
Published: October 2018

The article examines the relationship between the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Leonid Brezhnev, and the First Secretary of the Polish United Worker’s Party, Edward Gierek, during the 1970s and contributes to the understanding of relationships between Brezhnev and other leaders of the Eastern Bloc. In order to fulfill his foreign policy goals, Brezhnev needed active and willing cooperation from the Eastern Bloc and its leaders benefited from this endeavor. Gierek responded to this demand by entering into an “uneven friendship” with Brezhnev that was established according to the Soviet “friendship code.” This privileged relationship was dependent on the inner situation within the Soviet leadership, the progress of détente, Poland’s domestic stability, and ultimately did not counterbalance Poland’s structurally disadvantageous status in the Eastern Bloc.
Does Free Mean without Value? And Is Free Ever Worth Stealing?
Authors: Baverstock Alison , Somerville Clare
Published: October 2018

This paper considers a specific aspect of a practice-as-research project—the Kingston University Big Read. It explores how to achieve optimum attractiveness and perceived value among students and staff for a free book circulated for the purposes of a pre-arrival shared reading scheme. After consideration of the academic literature relating to the distribution of free books and the theft of books, there follows a detailed examination of marketing practice in the publishing industry relating to the dissemination of free and promotional items through collaborative endeavours. The solutions adopted are described, along with the outcomes perceived in the market, and recommendations are made for the future.
A World of Division and Interdependence
Authors: Liu Zheng
Published: October 2018

This article analyses the book-publishing industry in the mainland of the People’s Republic of China from a sociological perspective. Borrowing the concept of ‘field’, I demonstrate how the industry is a field of division, characterized by the distinction between state-owned firms and private-sector players, and yet is also shaped by the interdependence between these two types of organizations. In the first half of the article, I illustrate how the official, state-owned publishing houses interact with the ‘illegal’ private publishing firms, a process enabled by the distinctive ‘trade’ in ISBN numbers. In the second part, I examine the distribution sector, which too features a distinct separation between state-run and privately owned channels, resulting in companies operating in different channels receiving differentiated terms and treatment.
Scribal Revision. A Post-Qumran Perspective on the Formation of Jeremiah
Authors: Ghormley Justus Theodore
Published: October 2018

This article describes the presence of three different degrees of scribal revision in Jeremiah: (1) multidimensional revision—the revision of multiple aspects of a text in a single moment by one scribe (such as relocating the Oracles Against the Nations and the addition of new headings); (2) single-dimensional revision—the revision of one aspect of a text (such as the addition of new headings by itself) again by one scribe in one moment; and, (3) incremental revision—the ongoing, piecemeal revision of one aspect of a text by an unknown number of scribes over a longer period of time. This article offers criteria for distinguishing these degrees of revision and applies the criteria to two categories of scribal expansion in Jeremiah: the insertion of names and titles and the addition of new headings. It concludes that these features took shape through a combination of all three degrees of revision.
Does the Yod of ‮נַפְשִׁי‬‎ in Ps 24:4 Represent a Minuscule Waw?
Authors: Marcus David
Published: October 2018

In BHS, Ps 24:4 has a reading of ‮נַפְשִׁי‬‎ “my soul” in a context that logically demands a reading of ‮נַפְשׁוֹ‬‎ “his soul.” In several manuscripts and in the Rabbinic Bible, there is a kəṯîḇ ‮נפשו‬‎ “his soul” and a qərê ‮נַפְשִׁי‬‎ “my soul.” However, some prominent Masoretic scholars, Elias Levita, Solomon Norzi and Solomon Frensdorff, have rejected this qərê reading by suggesting that the yod of ‮נַפְשִׁי‬‎ is the result of a scribal error, and that it represents a so-called minuscule waw. This article surveys the history of this debate, examines the nature of the minuscule letters, and shows that new evidence in a Genizah fragment and in the Masoretic appendices to the Leningrad Codex offers support for this dissenting opinion. As a result, the best reading in the context would probably be ‮נַפְשׁוֹ‬‎.
The Encyclia ambigua complex (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae), a synopsis and notes on Encyclia virens and Epidendrum alatum
Authors: CARNEVALI GERMÁN , PÉREZ-GARCÍA EDUARDO A. , LEOPARDI-VERDE CARLOS LUIS , TAPIA-MUÑOZ JOSÉ LUIS , CETZAL-IX WILLIAM R. , RAMÍREZ-MORILLO IVÓN M. , ROMERO-GONZÁLEZ GUSTAVO A.
Published: October 2018

A synopsis of the Encyclia ambigua complex, a member of the E. ceratistes clade, is presented. It is composed of three species, namely E. ambigua, E. trachychila, and E. dressleri. These taxa are restricted to the southern part of Megamexico in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and occur mostly in oak-pine or broadleaf evergreen forests, or more rarely, in tropical dry forests at elevations of (600–)1,250–1,700(–2,000) m. The recently described Encyclia alborubra is treated as a synonym of E. ambigua. Iconography pertinent to the understanding of the species, relevant discussion, and a key to the taxa involved are provided. In addition, we provide notes on Encyclia virens, attempting to decipher this nomenclatural puzzle, and on Epidendrum alatum Batem., to present a protologue that predates the one that is usually cited.
Understanding Anomalous Synoptic Eddy Vorticity Forcing in Pacific–North American Teleconnection Pattern Events
Authors: Song Jie
Published: October 2018

Utilizing a decomposition of anomalous eddy vorticity forcing (EVF) proposed by Song in 2016 and a modified Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) dynamical core atmospheric model, this study provides a different understanding of physical mechanisms that are responsible for the formation of the anomalous synoptic EVF (SEVF) associated with Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) events. A series of short-term control experiments (CEs) and initial-value modified experiments (IVMEs) is conducted. In each case of CEs, there are no obvious PNA-like circulation anomalies. IVMEs are exactly the same as CEs except that appropriate small perturbations are introduced into the initial-value fields of CEs. The modified initial-value fields led to a gradual development of the PNA-like flow anomalies in IVMEs. Based on these numerical results, deformations of the synoptic eddy due to the emergence of the PNA pattern can be easily acquired by subtracting the synoptic eddy in CEs from the synoptic eddy in IVMEs . The anomalous SEVF associated with the PNA events in the model can be decomposed into ensembles of two linear and interaction terms (EVF1 and EVF2) and a nonlinear self-interaction term (EVF3). It is demonstrated that the physical essence of the anomalous SEVF associated with the PNA events is a competition result between EVF1 plus EVF2 and EVF3. Results also indicate that the different signs of SEVF associated with the positive and negative PNA events are not necessarily related to the different tilts of the synoptic eddy.
Mechanical characterization of anisotropy on a carbon fiber sheet molding compound composite under quasi-static and fatigue loading
Authors: Nony-Davadie C , Peltier L , Chemisky Y , Surowiec B , Meraghni F
Published: October 2018

The paper presents an experimental analysis of the anisotropic effects of the structural advanced carbon fiber sheet molding compound composites (AC-SMCs) subjected to quasi-static and fatigue loading. Two configurations of AC-SMC composites (randomly oriented and highly oriented) considering three different orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) with respect to the material thermo-compression flow direction are investigated under quasi-static and fatigue tensile loading. The effects of fibers orientation induced by the thermo-compression process are analyzed in terms of ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and macroscopic damage corresponding to the stiffness reduction, and related to the quasi-static and fatigue behavior. For both loading conditions, the macroscopic damage of AC-SMC randomly oriented exhibits a two-stage evolution without any damage saturation prior to the samples' failure. In addition, the difference between the highly oriented and randomly oriented configurations is pronounced especially for the 45° and 90° orientations. Post-mortem X-ray radiography and SEM observations show that damage mechanisms such as microcracks appear between and inside bundles, and their occurrence depends on the sample orientation. Experimental findings are compared with those of an equivalent advanced glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compounds composite. The degree of anisotropy is more pronounced for AC-SMC. Indeed, the dependency of the behavior during the manufacturing process induces orientation. Furthermore, the damage evolutions of the two types of SMCs have displayed different kinetics, especially for the saturation stage which is not observed for the AC-SMC composite.
Young Muslims, Stigma and the Work of Normality
Authors: Harris Anita , Karimshah Ameera
Published: October 2018

Contemporary Islamophobia in many western contexts manifests as heightened suspicion and processes of surveillance that can construct Muslim bodies and identities as ‘abnormal’ and errant. Here we draw on Goffman’s work on normality and stigma to explore strategies employed by young Muslim Australians to negotiate their constitution as abnormal. We identify four key strategies: performing ordinary Australianness; social distancing; being a ‘supernormal’ hero of adjustment; and defiance. We consider how centring these everyday, embodied techniques of the social production of normality makes evident the constrained agency of young Muslims in times of amplified fear and regulation.
Geographies of ethnic segregation in Stockholm: The role of mobility and co-presence in shaping the ‘diverse’ city
Authors: Rokem Jonathan , Vaughan Laura
Published: October 2018

This article assesses how urban segregation and ethnic diversity in Stockholm have been shaped by spatial policy and migration trajectories over time. Much of the urban studies and planning literature defines segregation as a measure of residential mixing. In contrast, our research suggests that segregation could be understood as a lack of opportunities for interaction in public space. In the case of Stockholm, space syntax network analysis and the establishment of ethnicity as a statistical category suggest that despite the social infrastructure provided by the Swedish state, the city’s specific spatial configuration alongside its policies of housing allocation have resulted in severe constraints on the potential for co-presence between new immigrants and the native Swedish population. Spatial analysis suggests that the city’s public transport infrastructure is a contributory factor in maintaining separation between foreign-born and ethnic Swedes. Coupled with a high level of social deprivation amongst new immigrants, the result is a multi-dimensional spatial segregation process that persists amongst the second immigrant generation, reinforcing ethnic and socio-economic area-based housing segregation. We conclude that despite Sweden’s long-standing political vision of social integration, its capital is suffering from increasing ethnic spatial differentiation, which will most likely persist unless a greater consideration of spatial connectivity and an introduction of ethnic and racial equality data in policy and practice are brought to bear.
The role of family structure and parenting in first year university adjustment
Authors: Daniels Verushka Zaskia , Davids Eugene Lee , Roman Nicolette Vanessa
Published: October 2018

The first year of university creates new experiences and challenges for first years and lays the foundation for the subsequent years of study. This first year has implications for academic development, mental health, and well-being of students and subsequently student retention. The majority of South African university students stay within their familial home unlike their international counterparts. The family may therefore play a contributory role in adjustment to university but this role is somewhat unclear. The current study therefore aimed to establish the associations between university adjustments of first year students, family structure, and parenting. The study employed a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 556 first year undergraduate students at a South African university. The data were collected using an electronic self-administered questionnaire on a secure online platform using the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale and the College Adaptation Questionnaire. Data analysis included hierarchical regression analyses and one-way analyses of variance to determine and compare the relationships between the variables. The results suggest that students from two-parent families were more adjusted than those from one-parent families. Autonomy-supportive parenting predicted positive university adjustment for the total sample, but only maternal autonomy-supportive parenting predicted good adjustment for students in two-parent families. This study highlights the potential role parents and families may play in the adjustment of first year students to university. This is particularly relevant in South Africa where many students are first-generation students, are challenged in transitioning to university, and this may have subsequent mental health–related challenges.
Psychometric Testing of the Evidence-Based Practice Nursing Leadership Scale and the Work Environment Scale After Cross-Cultural Adaptation in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Yin-Ping , Liu Wen-Hui , Yan Yi-Tian , Porr Caroline , Zhang Yao , Wei Huan-Huan
Published: October 2018

Implementation and sustainability of the evidence-based practice (EBP) approach within systems of health-care delivery require leadership and organizational support, yet few instruments have been developed specifically in Mainland China. The purpose of this study was to adapt the EBP Nursing Leadership Scale and the EBP Work Environment Scale to Mainland China’s cultural context and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly adapted Chinese version. A pilot study was conducted in Mainland China with 25 clinical nurses. A subsequent validation study was conducted with 419 nurses from Mainland China. A content validity index of .985 and .982 was achieved. The split-half coefficient was .890 for the EBP Nursing Leadership Scale and .892 for the EBP Work Environment Scale. Test–retest reliability was .871 and .855, respectively. Principal component analysis resulted in a one-factor structure explaining 62.069% of the total variance for the EBP Nursing Leadership Scale and 62.242% of the total variance for the EBP Work Environment Scale. Both of the newly cross-culturally adapted scales possess adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability and validity and therefore may be utilized in health-care environments to assess leadership and organizational support for EBP in Mainland China.
Prevalence and predictors of electrocardiogram abnormalities among athletes
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurul Atiqah , Luqman Nazar , Shaaban Essam , Abdul Rahman Hanif
Published: October 2018

Background

Existing evidence, predominantly from Western countries, has demonstrated that athletes’ hearts undergo structural, physiological, and electrical changes, leading to abnormal electrocardiogram readings that are said to be training-related. Athletes with non-training-related electrocardiographic abnormalities risk developing sudden cardiac death. The lack of studies on this issue in the Asian population warrants further exploration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and predictive factors contributing to electrocardiogram abnormalities among athletes in Brunei.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 athletes (median age 25.2 years) in 10 sporting disciplines, whose electrocardiogram readings and essential information was obtained.

Results

The prevalence of an abnormal electrocardiogram was 52% (95% confidence interval: 42.0%–62.0%), comprising training-related changes in 49% (95% confidence interval: 39.0%–59.0%) and non-training-related changes in 3% (95% confidence interval: 0.4%–6.4%). Athletes with a higher body mass index were 3.3-times (95% confidence interval: 1.47–9.58) more likely to have abnormal electrocardiogram readings. Athletes <25-years old (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.81) and those who trained with low dynamic intensity (odds ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.93) were significantly less likely to have electrocardiogram abnormalities.

Conclusions

This is the first study reporting abnormal electrocardiograms among athletes in Brunei, which provides important information to relevant agencies involved in the preparation of Asian athletes for domestic or international competitions, particularly those with a higher body mass index and low dynamic training intensity.
Investigating the Effects of Tactile Masking and Surface Texture on the Velvet Hand Illusion
Authors: Hidaka Souta , Suzuishi Yosuke , Kitagawa Norimichi
Published: October 2018

When we hold thin metallic bars between the palms of our hands and rub the palms against each other, the feeling of touching smooth velvet occurs. Previous studies have shown that tactile motion and pressure on the palms are important for this velvet hand illusion. Interestingly, when we experience this illusion, we cannot feel the texture of our palms as we usually do. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that tactile masking contributes to the occurrence of the velvet hand illusion. We measured vibrotactile detection performance on the palms of the hands during the occurrence of the velvet hand illusion. The detection performance was worse when the illusion occurred than when it did not. Moreover, the degradation of the detection performance correlated positively with the subjective magnitude of the illusion. We also examined whether additional surface texture could affect the occurrence of the illusion and found that the illusion became weaker as the roughness of the surface increased. These findings suggest that tactile motion and pressure information delivered by the bars of smooth surface mask tactile sensations on the palms of the hands, resulting in an illusory smooth, frictionless feeling on the palms.
‘That this too, too solid flesh would melt…’
Authors: Nash Alan
Published: October 2018

Physical geographers have long shown an interest in necrogeography – the spatial study of human burial practices (especially cemeteries, gravestones, and memorials) – to the extent that their study has informed investigations concerning processes of landscape change, biogeographic developments, or environmental alteration. This paper argues that such contributions can be enhanced if set within the wider study of the commemoration of death. Since the influential work of Philippe Ariès on Western attitudes towards death, scholars have been alerted to the physical implications of cultural changes in burial practices. Alternatively, others have more recently used the concept of the ‘deathscape’ to place such changes within their analyses. The paper concludes that physical geography’s contribution to the study of necrogeography could be enhanced by the adoption of such broader frameworks.
Navigation Application Programming Interface Route Fuel Saving Opportunity Assessment on Large-Scale Real-World Travel Data for Conventional Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhu Lei , Holden Jacob R. , Gonder Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2018

The green-routing strategy instructing a vehicle to select a fuel-efficient route benefits the current transportation system with fuel-saving opportunities. This paper introduces a navigation application programming interface (API), route fuel-saving evaluation framework for estimating fuel advantages of alternative API routes based on large-scale, real-world travel data for conventional vehicles (CVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Navigation APIs, such as Google Directions API, integrate traffic conditions and provide feasible alternative routes for origin–destination pairs. This paper develops two link-based fuel-consumption models stratified by link-level speed, road grade, and functional class (local/non-local), one for CVs and the other for HEVs. The link-based fuel-consumption models are built by assigning travel from many global positioning system driving traces to the links in TomTom MultiNet and road grade data from the U.S. Geological Survey elevation data set. Fuel consumption on a link is computed by the proposed model. This paper envisions two kinds of applications: (1) identifying alternate routes that save fuel, and (2) quantifying the potential fuel savings for large amounts of travel. An experiment based on a large-scale California Household Travel Survey global positioning system trajectory data set is conducted. The fuel consumption and savings of CVs and HEVs are investigated. At the same time, the trade-off between fuel saving and travel time due to choosing different routes is also examined for both powertrains.
Electrochemically generated bimetallic reductive mediator Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1− for the degradation of CF4 to ethanol by electro-scrubbing
Authors: Muthuraman G , Ramu AG , Cho YH , McAdam EJ , Moon IS
Published: October 2018

Remediation of electronic gas CF4 using commercially available technologies results in another kind of greenhouse gas and corrosive side products. This investigation aimed to develop CF4 removal at room temperature with formation of useful product by attempting an electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1− mediator. The initial electrolysis of the bimetallic complex at the anodized Ti cathode demonstrated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1− formation, which was confirmed by additional electron spin resonance results. The degradation of CF4 followed mediated electrochemical reduction by electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1−. The removal efficiency of CF4 of 95% was achieved by this electroscrubbing process at room temperature. The spectral results of online and offline Fourier transform infrared analyzer, either in gas or in solution phase, demonstrated that the product formed during the removal of CF4 by electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1− by electroscrubbing was ethanol (CH3CH2OH), with a small amount of trifluoroethane (CF3CH3) intermediate.
High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1) and Interleukin-1β as Prognostic Biomarkers of Epilepsy in Children
Authors: Zhu Min , Chen Jing , Guo Hu , Ding Le , Zhang Yue , Xu Yun
Published: October 2018

The present study examined whether serum biomarkers can predict the prognosis of childhood epilepsy, including seizure frequency, electroencephalographic (EEG) changes, and cognitive impairment. We measured serum concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and α1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) in 180 children with new-onset epilepsy and 40 healthy children. Cognitive evaluations were performed 18 months after the initial seizure episodes at diagnosis (ie, baseline visit). The relationship between serum biomarkers and epilepsy prognosis was investigated using Pearson correlation coefficients, logistic regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Sixty-seven patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 92 had focal motor seizures, and 21 had epileptic spasms. Serum concentrations of HMGB1, IL-1β, S-100B, and GFAP were significantly higher in the epilepsy group within 24 hours of a seizure episode than in the control group. Furthermore, HMGB1 and IL-1β were significant predictors of epilepsy prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that HMGB1 could more accurately predict seizure frequency than IL-1β; when the serum concentration of HMGB1 was >9.625 ng/mL, there was 80.6% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity for predicting seizure frequency reduction. In conclusion, HMGB1 and IL-1β have a predictive value for epilepsy prognosis in children.
“Why Did She Talk to Him Again?” The Effects of the Justice Motive, Relationship Type, and Degree of Postassault Contact on Perceptions of Sexual Assault
Authors: Breen Lorna H. , Boyce Melissa A.
Published: October 2018

Victim blaming attitudes are prevalent within the criminal justice system where survivor behavior before, during, and following an assault is heavily scrutinized. Although dispositional characteristics (e.g., strength of one’s justice motive) and characteristics of the assault (e.g., the type of relationship between a survivor and an offender) have been found to predict the degree of victim blaming, the effects of these variables on sexual assault myth endorsement are unclear. In addition, a variable that has not been examined in past literature is the degree of contact maintained between a survivor and offender after the assault. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which the justice motive (strong vs. weak), the relationship between a fictional survivor and an offender (strangers vs. intimate partners), and contact between a survivor and offender postassault (contact vs. no contact) influenced endorsement of sexual assault myths. Undergraduate students read a vignette depicting a fictional sexual assault that varied with respect to the relationship and the amount of postassault contact between the survivor and offender and completed measures of the strength of their justice motive and their endorsement of sexual assault myths. Results indicated that participants ( N = 419) who held a strong justice motive showed higher endorsement of sexual assault myths. Participants were also more likely to endorse sexual assault myths when there was postoffense contact between the survivor and offender. The implications of these findings and their relevance to the criminal justice system are discussed, including the need for further research into the creation of survivor-oriented education and training capable of counteracting bias toward survivors of sexual violence and producing sustained attitudinal changes.
Proactive Personality, LMX, and Voice Behavior: Employee–Supervisor Sex (Dis)similarity as a Moderator
Authors: Wijaya Nikodemus Hans Setiadi
Published: October 2018

In today’s changing environment, employees’ voice behavior can enhance organizational effectiveness. This study tests an integrative model linking proactive personality, leader–member exchange (LMX), voice behavior, and employee–supervisor sex (dis)similarity. Sex (dis)similarity is posited as a moderator. Results showed proactive personality was positively related to both voice behavior and LMX quality, and LMX quality was positively related to voice behavior. LMX quality partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and voice behavior. Employee–supervisor sex (dis)similarity moderated the effect of LMX quality on voice behavior. Employees working in higher quality LMX relationships with supervisors of dissimilar sex exhibited more voice behavior.
Decolonizing culture: Euro-American psychology and the shaping of neoliberal selves in India
Authors: Bhatia Sunil , Priya Kumar Ravi
Published: October 2018

Adopting a decolonizing framework, this article examines the role of mainstream Euro-American psychology in shaping neoliberal conceptions of self in many postcolonial nations such as India. We specifically draw on our respective ethnographic research to analyze identity formation in Indian cultural contexts. Our article is organized around three goals. First, we show how Indian outsourcing industries have become heavily reliant on Euro-American “personality tests” and are used for recruitment, screening, promotion, cross-cultural communication, and to motivate employees to become happy and positive workers. Second, we examine the tensions around identity or values that Indian youth face while embracing the ideology of Western corporate culture and acquiring new transnational identities. Third, we analyze how mental health in India is being shaped by neoliberalism by investigating the villagers’ narratives in Nandigram, who encountered brutal acts of political violence by the state of West Bengal in India.
The poison in the cure: Neoliberalism and contemporary movements in mental health
Authors: Cosgrove Lisa , Karter Justin M.
Published: October 2018

Neoliberalism reaches beyond economic policy and material conditions and reformulates the subject and psychological life and therefore is best understood as an attitude toward science, knowledge making, and subjectivity. In a neoliberal climate, markets give us truth and individuals are encouraged to be self-concerned agents rather than members of a polis. Thus, at the very moment that neoliberal policies transfer responsibility to individuals, there is a simultaneous increase in surveillance in order to reinstall certain patterns of human behavior. Mental health research and practice risk becoming commodities dedicated to enforcing this logic. In this article, we explore medical neoliberalism in some of its recent manifestations: global mental health interventions, routine depression screening, and the monitoring of social media to assess mental health. We also consider the ways in which popular reforms in the mental health field are founded on neoliberal assumptions and may be abetting these ideological aims.
Neoliberalism and IQ: Naturalizing economic and racial inequality
Authors: Winston Andrew S.
Published: October 2018

How did IQ become an important means of naturalizing economic and racial inequality and supporting neoliberal visions of a fully privatized, free market society? I show how post-WWII neoliberals and libertarians could employ ideas of “innate intelligence” to promote the reduction of government funding of social programs. For extreme libertarian economist Murray Rothbard, inequality among individuals and ethnicities was self-evident from human history and the a priori examination of the “natural order,” but IQ data could also be employed in the fight against “egalitarianism.” Any attempt to interfere in this “natural order,” such as civil rights legislation, was viewed as inherently evil. For libertarian Charles Murray and more mainstream neoliberals such as Milton Friedman, empirical research on intelligence was an effective means of influencing public perception and policy on welfare, affirmative action, and immigration. I discuss recent work on “national intelligence” in relation to neoliberal projects and enduring fears regarding reproduction and family.
A data-driven analysis of the knowledge structure of library science with full-text journal articles
Authors: Timakum Tatsawan , Kim Giyeong , Song Min
Published: October 2018

In previous studies, full-text analyses and mining techniques have not been combined to identify and trace changes in the knowledge trends of library science over the past 20 years (1997–2016). Thus, to grasp the knowledge trends of library science at a fine-grained level, this study analyzes full-text journal articles from six top-ranked library science journals by applying text-mining techniques such as co-word analysis, text summarization, and topic modeling. Visualization tools were used to map the knowledge structure of library science. The findings indicate that, during the past 20 years, library science has developed into an interdisciplinary knowledge structure that integrates librarianship topics with a range of other fields, generating major topics that include the academic library, the digital library, research methodology, library marketing, information retrieval, digital information, document citation, and so on. In the past ten years, the library science discipline has focused increasingly on research methodology and evaluation and become more concerned with digital information management.
Comparative Study on the Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Combined with Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold into Femoral Bone Defects
Authors: Šponer Pavel , Kučera Tomáš , Brtková Jindra , Urban Karel , Kočí Zuzana , Měřička Pavel , Bezrouk Aleš , Konrádová Šimona , Filipová Alžběta , Filip Stanislav
Published: October 2018

This prospective study sought to evaluate the healing quality of implanted ultraporous β-tricalcium phosphate sown with expanded autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into femoral defects during revision hip arthroplasty. A total of 37 osseous defects in 37 patients were treated and evaluated concerning bone regeneration. Nineteen subjects received β-tricalcium phosphate graft material serving as a carrier of expanded autologous MSCs (the trial group A), nine subjects received β-tricalcium phosphate graft material only (the study group B) and nine subjects received cancellous allografts only (the control group C). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were scheduled at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively, and performed at the most recent visit as well. All observed complications were recorded during follow-up to assess the use of an ultraporous β-tricalcium phosphate synthetic graft material combined with expanded MSCs in bone defect repair. The resulting data from participants with accomplished follow-up were processed and statistically evaluated with a Freeman–Halton modification of the Fischer’s exact test, a P < 0.05 value was considered to be significant. Whereas no significant difference was observed between the trial group A with β-tricalcium phosphate synthetic graft material serving as a carrier of expanded autologous MSCs and control group C with cancellous impaction allografting in terms of the bone defect healing, significant differences were documented between the study group B with β-tricalcium phosphate graft material only and control group C. Regarding adverse effects, six serious events were recorded during the clinical trial with no causal relationship to the cell product. β-tricalcium phosphate synthetic graft material serving as a carrier of expanded autologous MSCs appears safe and promotes the healing of bone defects in a jeopardized and/or impaired microenvironment. This clinical trial was registered at the EU Clinical Trials Register before patient recruitment (Registration number: EudraCT number 2012-005599-33; Date of registration: 2013-02-04).
Diversification in Korean Banking Business: Is Non-interest Income a Financial Saviour?
Authors: Baek Seungho , Lee Kwan Yong , Lee Jeong Wan , Mohanty Sunil
Published: October 2018

This article examines whether the diversification of operating income in Korean banks has persistently enhanced the performance of Korean banks. The results show that, despite Korean banks’ efforts to diversify their operating income, these banks do not gain any benefit from the diversification. Thus, bank managers in Korea focus on interest income revenue. The results also show that the increase in non-interest income revenue keeps pace with the growth in expenses, which offsets the diversification effect on the performance of Korean banks. As a result, Korean banks discourage banking diversification and focus on non-interest income revenues.

JEL Classification: G21
Federating the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India: Emerging Conceptual and Policy Challenges
Authors: Shylendra H. S.
Published: October 2018

Lately, India has witnessed widespread emergence of federated structures of informal self-help groups (SHGs) as a corollary of the growth of the SHG movement. Besides ensuring the sustainability of SHGs, these federated structures are seen as potential instruments that can socio-economically empower the former and their members. However, the formation of SHG federations has been neither uniform across the country nor free of perplexity as regards their design and role. Federations of cooperatives are seen as natural extensions of the organic growth process of primary co-operatives—formal or informal. The federating process, by way of vertical integration, is supposed to bring in several benefits as it tries to address the felt needs and shared values of members. The conceptual and normative tenets visualized for the success of federations suggest that such structures have to be bottom-up while being democratic and economically sound in their integration and functioning. The article is an attempt to critically examine the design and policy challenges confronting the SHG federations. Based on an assessment of their emerging roles and performance, the article identifies possible ways of taking forward the SHG federations in a sustainable way.
Institutional Inefficiencies and Forest Degradation in Protected Areas of Odisha: Evidence from Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
Authors: Mishra Brajaraja
Published: October 2018

This article examines factors responsible for forest degradation in the protected areas (PAs) of Odisha by taking a case study of Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Lakhari WLS). The conservation status of the sanctuary and factors causing forest degradation are analysed on the basis of information collected from management plan of the sanctuary, maps generated from Google Earth, focus group discussions carried out with government officials and household-level surveys. It is found that the forest ecosystem in Lakhari WLS is degrading at an alarming rate which is mainly attributable to administrative inefficiencies, ill-defined property rights and low-level participation of households in the management process. These factors promoted unsustainable land use activities that cause deterioration in species richness, and severe food and water scarcity for the wild animals. It has serious livelihood implications, creating a conflicting relationship between the forest ecosystem and local households.