bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Isolated Mini-Grids with Deterministic Methods: Matching Predictive Operating Strategies with Low Computational Requirements
Authors: Micangeli Andrea , Fioriti Davide , Cherubini Paolo , Duenas-Martinez Pablo
Published: August 2020

The lack of electricity access is increasingly concentrated in rural areas of developing countries, in which mini-grids are often a suitable solution; however, given the high risks, it is crucial to minimize costs. This paper aims at analyzing existing methodologies for the optimal design of mini-grids combined with different operating strategies. Typical system operations, like the load-following (LFS) and cycle charging (CCS) strategies, are compared with the more demanding predictive strategies based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The problem is formulated and solved with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), so to simulate traditional and predictive operating strategies. Two reformulations based on the proposed Search Space Update are also detailed and compared with the so-called one-shot MILP model, which is able to con-jointly optimize both the design and the operation of the system, in order to reduce computational requirements with the predictive strategy. The results, tailored with data from a rural mini-grid in Kenya, highlight that heuristic methodologies can perform better than the traditional MILP approach, both in terms of optimality and computational time, especially when advanced operating strategies are considered. Conventional operating strategies (LFS or CCS) appear to be sub-optimal, but require very little computational requirements, which makes them suitable for preliminary designs.
The Effective Management of Organic Waste Policy in Albania
Authors: Oncioiu Ionica , Căpuşneanu Sorinel , Topor Dan Ioan , Petrescu Marius , Petrescu Anca-Gabriela , Toader Monica Ioana
Published: August 2020

Following a recycling or continuous recycling process, there is always waste with no material or market value that can be converted into energy or other fossil fuel substitutes. The present study aimed to evaluate the management of organic waste policy and to predict the trend of organic waste generation in Albania. The research used an appropriate Box–Jenkins Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to determine the quantification of organic waste to be generated. The main results obtained can support the decision-making process in the planning, change and short-term implementation of organic waste management, and the information provided is very useful in collecting, transporting, storing and managing waste in Albanian cities (Tirana, Durrës, Kukës, Berat, Shkodra, Dibër, Gjirokastër and Elbasan). Furthermore, the high percentage of the organic waste generation until 2025 constitutes good premises to raising public awareness related to their energy recovery.
The Estimation of Regional Energy Consumption Based on the Energy Consumption Rate at National Level. Case Study: The Romanian Danube Valley
Authors: Șerban Paul-Razvan , Dumitrașcu Monica , Mitrică Bianca , Grigorescu Ines , Mocanu Irena , Kucsicsa Gheorghe , Vrînceanu Alexandra , Dumitrică Cristina
Published: August 2020

Based on the national level data on energy consumption by final consumption sectors (agricultural, industrial, construction, residential and transport), the present study is aimed at estimating the energy consumption at county level. The overall energy Romania has consumed throughout a year has been broken down into ‘demographic’ and ‘economic’ components. The changes in the two components were determined on an annual basis for the following reference years: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The variables used in the current investigation were assembled into two groups of indicators: demographic (urban population, population size, proportion of the population aged 65 years and over, the economically active population divided according to activities of national economy: agriculture, industry, transport), and economic (GDP per capita, energy consumption by the activities of the national economy: agriculture, residential, industry, transport). In some cases, where a significant share of the population worked in the industry sector (with the probability of a diversified industry), our calculations overestimated energy consumption. This may also be due to the cumulative effect of some demographic factors (i.e., the high degree of urbanization). The paper discusses the effect of the demographic variables (e.g., size, age and occupational structures) have on energy consumption. The paper shows that the economic growth Romania has been subject to since the year 2000 has led to a rise in energy consumption for two economic activities (agriculture, transportation) and it also turned out that improving the technologies used in industry has a positive effect on energy efficiency. Energy efficiency depends, in addition to the technologies used in each economic activity, on demographic factors. Some of the demographic factors have different trends in terms of energy consumption. The effect of the population size must be explained in the context of changes in the structure by age groups (aging of the population), changes in fertility and mortality rates. Moreover, the economic structure changes alongside the alterations undergone by the demographic structure. This, in turn, changes production and consumption, transport infrastructure, as well as social services. In order to draw firm conclusions about the relationship between energy consumption and population structure by age group, further detailed studies are needed, including making use of other indicators.
Finite Element Analysis of Beams Reinforced with Banana Fiber Bars (BFB)
Authors: Elbehiry Amgad , Mostafa Marwan
Published: August 2020

One of the challenges of the century is to reach compatibility between the required resistance and the usage of lightweight building materials that may negatively affect the mechanical properties. Natural fibers nowadays are used as enhancers in the industrial field. Hence, the fibers contribute by giving an ideal solution to improve mechanical proprieties of the structural elements such as tensile and impact strength. In previous studies, the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in construction materials has increased. Natural fibers have a lot of characteristics such as being strong, lightweight, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. This paper aims to investigate the performance of banana fiber bars (BFB) as reinforced material. Through this study, the development and characterization of natural fibers-based composite beams were observed. After the beams were designed, several types of finite element analysis were conducted using ‘ANSYS’ nonlinear finite element program under one-point loading. Results show good correlations between experimental and predicted results.
The Human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Di Pede Giuseppe , Bresciani Letizia , Calani Luca , Petrangolini Giovanna , Riva Antonella , Allegrini Pietro , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro
Published: August 2020

Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonols, but its beneficial properties in disease prevention may be limited due to its scarce bioavailability. For this purpose, delivery systems have been designed to enhance both stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at investigating the human microbial metabolism of quercetin derived from unformulated and phytosome-formulated quercetin through an in vitro model. Both ingredients were firstly characterized for their profile in native (poly)phenols, and then fermented with human fecal microbiota for 24 h. Quantification of microbial metabolites was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (uHPLC-MSn) analyses. Native quercetin, the main compound in both products, appeared less prone to microbial degradation in the phytosome-formulated version compared to the unformulated one during fecal incubation. Quercetin of both products was bioaccessible to colonic microbiota, resulting in the production of phenylpropanoic acid, phenylacetic acid and benzoic acid derivatives. The extent of the microbial metabolism of quercetin was higher in the unformulated ingredient, in a time-dependent manner. This study opened new perspectives to investigate the role of delivery systems on influencing the microbial metabolism of flavonols in the colonic environment, a pivotal step in the presumed bioactivity associated to their intake.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 6 Genes in Tunicates: Possible Horizontal Transfer
Authors: Li Kun-Lung , Nakashima Keisuke , Inoue Jun , Satoh Noriyuki
Published: August 2020

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between different species. Although HGT is less frequent in eukaryotes than in bacteria, several instances of HGT have apparently shaped animal evolution. One well-known example is the tunicate cellulose synthase gene, CesA, in which a gene, probably transferred from bacteria, greatly impacted tunicate evolution. A Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 6 (GH6) hydrolase-like domain exists at the C-terminus of tunicate CesA, but not in cellulose synthases of other organisms. The recent discovery of another GH6 hydrolase-like gene (GH6-1) in tunicate genomes further raises the question of how tunicates acquired GH6. To examine the probable origin of these genes, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of GH6 proteins in tunicates and other organisms. Our analyses show that tunicate GH6s, the GH6-1 gene, and the GH6 part of the CesA gene, form two independent, monophyletic gene groups. We also compared their sequence signatures and exon splice sites. All tunicate species examined have shared splice sites in GH6-containing genes, implying ancient intron acquisitions. It is likely that the tunicate CesA and GH6-1 genes existed in the common ancestor of all extant tunicates.
Study of the Effects of Recognition of Stress on Symptoms and Regular Hospital Visits: An Analysis from Japanese National Statistics
Authors: Komatsuzaki Akira , Ono Sachie
Published: August 2020

Stress is a risk factor for numerous lifestyle diseases, including dental diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how sensitivity to psychological stress relates to subjective symptoms and regular hospital visits using information from the large-scale database of national statistics. Anonymized data from 10,584 respondents aged 30–79 of the Japanese 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions were analyzed. Respondents were classified by age into a middle-aged group and an elderly group, and a contingency table analysis, rank correlation analysis, and binomial logistic regression analysis were performed. Contingency table analysis confirmed that eight items were related to the presence of a recognition of stress, including the presence of subjective symptoms (p < 0.001), the presence of regular hospital visits (p < 0.001), symptoms of periodontal disease (p < 0.001), and self-rated health (p < 0.001). Responses for symptoms and diseases requiring regular hospital visits were ranked in order for a stress group and a no stress group, and it was found that other than fatigue symptoms being ranked highly in the stress group, there were no particular differences. Logistic regression analysis results showed significant odds ratios for six items including: self-rated health (3.91, 95% CI, 3.23 to 4.73), lifestyle awareness (1.96, 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.28), and symptoms of periodontal disease (1.71, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.48). The present study showed that susceptibility to psychological stress is related to awareness of subjective symptoms and to regular hospital visits due to disease, suggesting that these have direct and indirect mutual effects.
Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020
Authors: Lu Quan , Cai Zehao , Chen Bin , Liu Tao
Published: August 2020

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has catapulted China into a serious social and political crisis. This article focuses upon how Chinese social policy has responded to the Covid-19 crisis. It reveals that the Chinese welfare state has woven a comprehensive social safety net to mitigate the social suffering of Chinese society in the mid- and post-crisis periods. Different types of social policy programs have been combined and synthesized, including social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare arrangements. Facing the challenges of the new risks caused by the pandemic, the collaboration of the Chinese state and intermediary social welfare organizations has played a crucial role in providing both cash benefits and social services (benefits in kind). For the first time, social policy in China has acted as a major player for coping with the negative outcomes of a pandemic. This article concludes that the pandemic-related crisis has justified an interventionist approach and logic, driven by the state’s welfare system, which favors a model of “big government”. However, this model also requires justification and legitimation.
Prescribing Behavior of General Practitioners for Generic Drugs
Authors: Tuncay Berna , Pagano Sergio , De Santis Mario , Cavallo Pierpaolo
Published: August 2020

The factors influencing General Practitioners’ (GPs) prescribing behavior are diverse in terms of health care policies and regulations, GPs’ education and experience, demographic trends and disease profiles. Thus, it can be useful to analyze the specific local patterns, as they affect the quality of healthcare and the stability of the healthcare market. The aim of the present longitudinal retrospective study is to investigate the prescription of generic drugs in a database of about 4.6 million prescriptions from a sample of 38 GPs practicing in Salerno, Italy, within a timeframe of 15 years, from 2001 to 2015. The GPs in our study show a general tendency to increase prescriptions of generic drugs during the studied time span, to fulfill regulatory obligations and with some differences in prescription behavior according to age, gender and experience. The generics prescription depends also on the different diagnoses, with some diagnostic areas showing a greater generic drug prescription rate. Expanding this research to larger datasets would allow deepening the knowledge of the patterns of GPs’ prescribing decisions, to provide evidence to be used in comparison between different national settings.
The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor
Authors: García-Andrade Javier , González Beatriz , Gonzalez-Guzman Miguel , Rodriguez Pedro L. , Vera Pablo
Published: August 2020

ABA is involved in plant responses to a broad range of pathogens and exhibits complex antagonistic and synergistic relationships with salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, respectively. However, the specific receptor of ABA that triggers the positive and negative responses of ABA during immune responses remains unknown. Through a reverse genetic analysis, we identified that PYR1, a member of the family of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, is transcriptionally upregulated and specifically perceives ABA during biotic stress, initiating downstream signaling mediated by ABA-activated SnRK2 protein kinases. This exerts a damping effect on SA-mediated signaling, required for resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and simultaneously a positive control over the resistance to necrotrophic pathogens controlled by ET. We demonstrated that PYR1-mediated signaling exerted control on a priori established hormonal cross-talk between SA and ET, thereby redirecting defense outputs. Defects in ABA/PYR1 signaling activated SA biosynthesis and sensitized plants for immune priming by poising SA-responsive genes for enhanced expression. As a trade-off effect, pyr1-mediated activation of the SA pathway blunted ET perception, which is pivotal for the activation of resistance towards fungal necrotrophs. The specific perception of ABA by PYR1 represented a regulatory node, modulating different outcomes in disease resistance.
Landscape of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Newborn Screening in the United States
Authors: Edelman Sari , Desai Hiral , Pigg Trey , Yusuf Careema , Ojodu Jelili
Published: August 2020

Newborn screening (NBS) is a state-based public health program that aims to identify newborns at risk of certain disorders in the first days after birth to prevent permanent disability or death. Disorders on the Health and Human Services Federal Advisory Committee’s Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) have been adopted by most state NBS programs; however, each state mandates specific disorders to be screened and implements their own system processes. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was added to the RUSP in 2005, and currently all 53 NBS programs universally screen for it. This paper provides a landscape of CAH screening in the United States, utilizing data voluntarily entered by state NBS programs in the Newborn Screening Technical assistance and Evaluation Program data repository. Data reported encompasses NBS state profile data (follow-up, disorder testing and the reporting of processes and methodologies for screening), quality indicator data (timeliness of CAH NBS) and confirmed cases. This comprehensive landscape analysis compares the CAH NBS systems across the US. This is vital in ultimately ensuring that newborns with CAH at risk of salt crisis receive appropriate intervention in a timely manner.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Profiles of Thermosensitive TRP Genes in Agasicles hygrophila
Authors: Jia Dong , Ji Zhouyu , Yuan Xiaofang , Zhang Bin , Liu Yanhong , Hu Jun , Wang Yuanxin , Li Xianchun , Ma Ruiyan
Published: August 2020

Global warming has gradually reduced the control efficacy of Agasicles hygrophila against the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides. To better understand the summer collapse of A. hygrophila populations, we cloned the cDNA sequences of the high temperature-sensing TRPA1, Painless, and Pyrexia from A. hygrophila, and analyzed their temporal expressions and the impacts of high temperatures on their expression in eggs, the most vulnerable stage of A. hygrophila to hot temperatures. All the three genes obtained had the signature domains of TRPA channels and were constitutively expressed in eggs, larvae (L1, L2, L3), pupae, and adults, but AhPainless had the highest expression, followed by AhPyrexia, and AhTRPA1. The lowest and highest expression stages were adult and pupae for AhTRPA1, egg and L3 for AhPainless, and pupae/adult and L2 for AhPyrexia. The expressions of AhTRPA1, AhPainless, and AhPyrexia remained low at the preferred temperature range of 25–28 °C, elevated to their peak levels at 37.5, 30, and 30 °C, respectively, then fell to their 25–28 °C levels (AhTRPA1, AhPainless) or a lower level (AhPyrexia) at one or more temperatures >30 or 37.5 °C. These results suggest that their temperature-sensing roles and importance may be different, stage-specific, and their expression may be decoupled from their activation.
Plant-Derived Insecticides Under Meta-Analyses: Status, Biases, and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Turchen Leonardo M. , Cosme-Júnior Lírio , Guedes Raul Narciso C.
Published: August 2020

Plant-derived or botanical insecticides are biopesticides experiencing substantial ongoing increase in interest. The 74 years of our literature survey tracked over 2500 papers on botanical insecticides published between 1945 and 2019 (Web of Science database). Such a survey allowed meta-analyses to recognize current status and biases of the studies providing important insights into the research topic. They include the recognition of the exponential growth of such studies since the 1990s, the prevalent interest on the Meliaceae plant species and a dozen additional families, although some 190 families have been investigated. The arthropods targeted by such studies were pest species (ca. 95%) with rather little attention devoted to non-target species (p < 0.001). This bias is followed by another one—mortality assessments are prevalent among target and non-target arthropod species when contrasted with sublethal assessments (p < 0.01). These omissions are pivotal, as they fail to recognize that sublethal effects may be as important or even more important than mortality, and that initial insecticide deposits quickly degrade over time leading to prevailing sublethal exposure. Furthermore, although the target of control is limited to few species, non-target species will be exposed and as such need to be factored into consideration. Thus, these biases in studies of botanical insecticides incur in knowledge gaps with potential consequences for the practical use of these compounds as pest management tools.
Expression of Pinopodes in the Endometrium from Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Women. Role of Thrombomodulin and Ezrin
Authors: D’Ippolito Silvia , Di Nicuolo Fiorella , Papi Massimiliano , Castellani Roberta , Palmieri Valentina , Masciullo Valeria , Arena Vincenzo , Tersigni Chiara , Bernabei Micaela , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta
Published: August 2020

Background: Pinopode expression has been suggested as a marker of endometrial receptivity. Methods: We set up an experimental study comparing endometrial tissue from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n = 30) and fertile control (CTR, n = 20) women in terms of pinopode expression/morphology; expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and ezrin; cytoskeletal organization. Endometrial samples were collected during implantation window and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results: We found that RPL endometrial tissue showed: (i) increased pinopodes density (* p < 0.05); (ii) a reduced diameter of pinopodes (* p < 0.05); (iii) a decreased TM and ezrin expression (p < 0.05). Additionally, confocal images showed a significantly reduced expression of phosphorylated (p)-ezrin, confirming the results obtained through immunoblot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that in CTR samples, junctions between cells are intact and clearly visible, whereas actin filaments appear completely lost in RPL endometrial samples; this suggests that, due to the impaired expression and activity of TM and ezrin, actin does not bind to plasma membrane in order to orchestrate the cytoskeletal actin filaments. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an impaired expression of TM and expression/activation of ezrin may affect the connection between the TM and actin cytoskeleton, impairing the organization of cytoskeleton and, eventually, the adequate pinopode development.
Mobile-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Women with Glucose Intolerance after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (MELINDA), A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial: Methodology and Design
Authors: Minschart Caro , Maes Toon , De Block Christophe , Van Pottelbergh Inge , Myngheer Nele , Abrams Pascale , Vinck Wouter , Leuridan Liesbeth , Mathieu Chantal , Billen Jaak , Matthys Christophe , Weyn Babs , Laenen Annouschka , Bogaerts Annick , Benhalima Katrien
Published: August 2020

The aims of the ‘Mobile-based lifestyle intervention in women with glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)’ study (MELINDA) are: (1) to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of glucose intolerance after a recent history of GDM; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a telephone- and mobile-based lifestyle intervention in women with glucose intolerance after GDM. This is a Belgian multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) in seven hospitals with the aim of recruiting 236 women. Women in the intervention group will receive a blended program, based on one face-to-face education session and further follow-up through a mobile application and monthly telephone advice. Women in the control group will receive follow-up as in normal routine with referral to primary care. Participants will receive an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) one year after baseline. Primary endpoint is the frequency of weight goal achievement (≥5% weight loss if pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 or return to pre-gravid weight if BMI < 25 Kg/m2). At each visit blood samples are collected, anthropometric measurements are obtained, and self-administered questionnaires are completed. Recruitment began in May 2019.
Hospitalizations for Acute Salicylate Intoxication in the United States
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Petnak Tananchai , Kaewput Wisit , Mao Michael A. , Kovvuru Karthik , Kanduri Swetha R. , Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Bathini Tarun , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Pivovarova Aleksandra I. , Brar Himmat S. , Medaura Juan , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: August 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to describe inpatient prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and resource use for acute salicylate intoxication hospitalizations in the United States. Methods: A total of 13,805 admissions with a primary diagnosis of salicylate intoxication from 2003 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample database were analyzed. Prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The overall inpatient prevalence of salicylate intoxication among hospitalized patients was 147.8 cases per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. The average age was 34 ± 19 years. Of these, 35.0% were male and 65.4% used salicylate for suicidal attempts. Overall, 6% required renal replacement therapy. The most common complications of salicylate intoxication were electrolyte and acid-base disorders, including hypokalemia (25.4%), acidosis (19.1%), and alkalosis (11.1%). Kidney failure (9.3%) was the most common observed organ dysfunction. In-hospital mortality was 1.0%. Increased in-hospital mortality was associated with age ≥30, Asian/Pacific Islander race, diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, ventricular arrhythmia, kidney failure, respiratory failure, and neurological failure, while decreased in-hospital mortality was associated with African American and Hispanic race. Conclusion: hospitalization for salicylate intoxication occurred in 148 per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. Several factors were associated with in-hospital mortality.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Patients with Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Byra Joanna , Czernicki Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common health problem leading to pain, limitation in physical function, a decrease in the quality of life and disability. OA affects 60–70% of the population above 65 years of age all over the world, and is associated with a high cost of healthcare. The main method of treatment of OA, apart from pharmacotherapy and surgery, is comprehensive rehabilitation. Advances in medical technology have resulted in the possibility of using computer-assisted interventions in rehabilitation. The present narrative review is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in the rehabilitation of elderly patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis, including patients after arthroplasty. This literature review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out in five databases: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and PEDro. It includes ten randomized controlled trials focused on the application of games and biofeedback in the rehabilitation of patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. There are no conclusive reports that interventions based on VR are more effective than standard physical therapy. Moreover, evidence regarding patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is very scarce. The effectiveness of VR-based rehabilitation is unclear, although interventions based on VR are promising in view of pain management, postural and proprioception training. However, this evidence is not sufficient to create clinical guidelines and further high-quality studies are needed.
Tunnel/Pouch versus Coronally Advanced Flap Combined with a Connective Tissue Graft for the Treatment of Maxillary Gingival Recessions: Four-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salem Souheil , Salhi Leila , Seidel Laurence , Lecloux Geoffrey , Rompen Eric , Lambert France
Published: August 2020

Background: The long-term stability after soft tissue graft for covering gingival recession remains a pivotal goal for both patient and periodontist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the four-year outcomes of the coronally advanced flap (CAF) versus the pouch/tunnel (POT) technique, both combined with connective tissue graft (CTG), for gingival recession treatment. Methods: Forty patients were initially randomly assigned to the control group (CAF + CTG; N = 20) and the test group (POT + CTG; N = 20). Clinical outcomes included mean root coverage (MRC) and complete root coverage (CRC), gingival thickness (GT), and keratinized tissue (KT) gain. Esthetic outcomes were also analyzed using the pink esthetic score (PES) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). All outcomes initially assessed at six months were extended to four years post-surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two patient groups in terms of MRC and CRC. At four years, significantly greater GT and KT gain were noted in the POT + CTG group, and tissue texture enhancement was also more prominent in the test group. Conclusions: The POT + CTG technique allows for long-term clinical coverage of gingival recessions comparable to that of the CAF + CTG technique, but it potentially improves gingival thickness, keratinized tissue and esthetic results.
Heart Failure is Highly Prevalent and Difficult to Diagnose in Severe Exacerbations of COPD Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Tinè Mariaenrica , Bazzan Erica , Semenzato Umberto , Biondini Davide , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Balestro Elisabetta , Casara Alvise , Baraldo Simonetta , Turato Graziella , Cosio Manuel G. , Saetta Marina
Published: August 2020

Background: Some 20% of patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) might have heart failure (HF). HF contribution to acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) presenting to the emergency department (ED) is not well established. Aims: To assess (1) the HF incidence in patients presenting to the ED with AECOPD; (2) the concordance between ED and respiratory ward (RW) diagnosis; (3) the factors associated with risk of death after hospital discharge. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 119 COPD patients presenting to ED for acute exacerbation of respiratory symptoms and then admitted to RW where a final diagnosis of AECOPD, AECOPD and HF and AECOPD and OD (other diagnosis), was obtained. ED and RW diagnosis were then compared. Factors affecting survival at follow-up were investigated. Results: At RW, 40.3% of cases were diagnosed of AECOPD, 40.3% of AECOPD and HF and 19.4% of AECOPD and OD, with ED diagnosis coinciding with RW’s in 67%, 23%, and 57% of cases respectively. At RW, 60% of patients in GOLD1 had HF, of which 43% were diagnosed at ED, while 40% in GOLD4 had HF that was never diagnosed at ED. Lack of inclusion in a COPD care program, HF, and early readmission for AECOPD were associated with mortality. Conclusions: HF is highly prevalent and difficult to diagnose in patients in all GOLD stages presenting to the ED with severe AECOPD, and along with lack of inclusion in a COPD care program, confers a high risk for mortality.
Early Intervention in Ulcerative Colitis: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Solitano Virginia , D’Amico Ferdinando , Zacharopoulou Eirini , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: August 2020

Growing evidence shows that ulcerative colitis (UC) is a progressive disease similar to Crohn’s disease (CD). The UC-related burden is often underestimated by physicians and a standard step-up therapeutic approach is preferred. However, in many patients with UC the disease activity is not adequately controlled by current management, leading to poor long-term prognosis. Data from both randomized controlled trials and real-world studies support early intervention in CD in order to prevent disease progression and irreversible bowel damage. Similarly, an early disease intervention during the so-called “window of opportunity” could lead to better outcomes in UC. Here, we summarize the literature evidence on early intervention in patients with UC, highlighting strengths and limitations of this approach.
Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Differences in Multifidus and Thoracolumbar Fasciae between Athletes with and without Chronic Lumbopelvic Pain: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Almazán-Polo Jaime , López-López Daniel , Romero-Morales Carlos , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta , Bravo-Aguilar María , Calvo-Lobo César
Published: August 2020

New trends in ultrasound imaging are focused on exploration of morphology and muscle quality. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the first-order descriptor and echostructure of lumbar multifidus at the L4 vertebral level in athletes with and without chronic lumbopelvic pain (CLPP). A case-control study was performed in 15 semiprofessional athletes with CLPP and 15 without (healthy athletes). Lumbar multifidus echointensity and echovariation were measured for muscle quality assessment. Echostructure was used to evaluate lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at resting and during muscle contraction, respective differences during both phases (CSADif.), activation patterns, and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology and thickness. Significant differences with a large effect size were observed in quantitative data from CLPP and healthy athletes for left lumbar multifidus CSADif. and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Categorical data showed statistically significant differences with a small-to-moderate effect size for lumbar multifidus activation pattern and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Athletes with CLPP showed a reduced CSA difference between lumbar multifidus contraction and at resting and higher disorganization of thoracolumbar fasciae morphology compared to healthy athletes. These findings suggest the importance of dynamic exploration of the lumbar region and connective tissue in sports performance and injury prevention.
Process Chain Optimization for SWCNT/Epoxy Nanocomposite Parts with Improved Electrical Properties
Authors: V. C. Morais Manuel , Marcellan Marco , Sohn Nadine , Hübner Christof , Henning Frank
Published: August 2020

Electrically conductive nanocomposites present opportunities to replace metals in several applications. Usually, the electrical properties emerging from conductive particles and the resulting bulk values depend on the micro/nano scale morphology of the particle network formed during processing. The final electrical properties are therefore highly process dependent. In this study, the electrical resistivity of composites made from single-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy was investigated. Three approaches along the processing chain were investigated to reduce the electrical resistivity of nanocomposites-the dispersion strategy in a three-roll mill, the curing temperature, and the application of electric fields during curing. It was found that a progressive increase in the shear forces during dispersion leads to a more than 50% reduction in the electrical resistivities. Higher curing temperatures of the nanocomposite resin also lead to a decrease of around 50% in resistivity. Furthermore, a scalable resin transfer molding set-up with gold-coated electrodes was developed and tested with different mold release agents. It has been shown that curing the material under electric fields leads to an electrical resistivity approximately an order of magnitude lower, and that the properties of the mold release agent also influence the final resistivity of different samples in the same batch.
Comparison of Financial Models for Stock Price Prediction
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Nguyen Nguyet
Published: August 2020

Time series analysis of daily stock data and building predictive models are complicated. This paper presents a comparative study for stock price prediction using three different methods, namely autoregressive integrated moving average, artificial neural network, and stochastic process-geometric Brownian motion. Each of the methods is used to build predictive models using historical stock data collected from Yahoo Finance. Finally, output from each of the models is compared to the actual stock price. Empirical results show that the conventional statistical model and the stochastic model provide better approximation for next-day stock price prediction compared to the neural network model.
Evaluation of the Completeness of Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Context of Cadastral Data Sharing
Authors: Trystuła Agnieszka , Dudzińska Małgorzata , Źróbek Ryszard
Published: August 2020

The idea behind the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) project was to provide EU citizens with access to various types of information, including environmental protection and spatial management data. These resources can be viewed (Web Map Service—WMS) and downloaded (Web Feature Service—WFS) online. Cadastral datasets represent one of the 34 spatial data themes in the spatial data infrastructure (SDI). The functionality of the SDI has not yet been fully achieved due to the failure of the WMS and WFS network services. The aim of this article was to assess the completeness of the SDI containing cadastral datasets. The present study has practical implications. The proposed diagnostic tool supports an assessment of the completeness of SDI resources in seven diagnostic groups (technical and legal identifiers, the cadastral information profile, the WMS network service, the WFS network service, source cadastral databases, data validity, and WMS and WFS standardization). The developed assessment methodology enables the identification of websites that publish cadastral data through INSPIRE network services, as well as problematic websites, and it has high development potential. The results of the assessment should be used in the ongoing construction of the SDI. They can also be used to improve the quality of network services and their availability for end users.
Chemical Structure and Magnetism of FeOx/Fe2O3 Interface Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Park Won , Cho Deok-Yong
Published: August 2020

The chemical and magnetic states of Fe/Fe2O3 thin films prepared by e-beam evaporation were investigated by using element-specific techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). It was clearly shown that the Fe layers are oxidized to form an antiferromagnetic (AFM) FeOx<1, while the bottom oxide remained a weak ferromagnet (wFM) (α+γ)-type Fe2O3. Dependences of the peak intensities and lineshapes on the Fe thickness and measurement geometry further demonstrate that FeOx<1 layers reside mostly at the interface realizing an FM (Fe)/AFM (FeOx)/wFM (Fe2O3), whilst the spin directions lie in the sample plane for all the samples. The self-stabilized intermediate oxide can act as a physical barrier for spins to be injected into the wFM oxide, implying a substantial influence on tailoring the spin tunneling efficiency for spintronics application.
Rational Design of a Genetic Finite State Machine: Combining Biology, Engineering, and Mathematics for Bio-Computer Research
Authors: Fuente David , Garibo i Orts Óscar , Conejero J. Alberto , Urchueguía Javier F.
Published: August 2020

The recent success of biological engineering is due to a tremendous amount of research effort and the increasing number of market opportunities. Indeed, this has been partially possible due to the contribution of advanced mathematical tools and the application of engineering principles in genetic-circuit development. In this work, we use a rationally designed genetic circuit to show how models can support research and motivate students to apply mathematics in their future careers. A genetic four-state machine is analyzed using three frameworks: deterministic and stochastic modeling through differential and master equations, and a spatial approach via a cellular automaton. Each theoretical framework sheds light on the problem in a complementary way. It helps in understanding basic concepts of modeling and engineering, such as noise, robustness, and reaction–diffusion systems. The designed automaton could be part of a more complex system of modules conforming future bio-computers and it is a paradigmatic example of how models can assist teachers in multidisciplinary education.
The Minimal Perimeter of a Log-Concave Function
Authors: Fang Niufa , Zhang Zengle
Published: August 2020

Inspired by the equivalence between isoperimetric inequality and Sobolev inequality, we provide a new connection between geometry and analysis. We define the minimal perimeter of a log-concave function and establish a characteristic theorem of this extremal problem for log-concave functions analogous to convex bodies.
Design of a Nonhomogeneous Nonlinear Synchronizer and Its Implementation in Reconfigurable Hardware
Authors: Pulido-Luna Jesus R. , López-Rentería Jorge A. , Cazarez-Castro Nohe R.
Published: August 2020

In this work, a generalization of a synchronization methodology applied to a pair of chaotic systems with heterogeneous dynamics is given. The proposed control law is designed using the error state feedback and Lyapunov theory to guarantee asymptotic stability. The control law is used to synchronize two systems with different number of scrolls in their dynamics and defined in a different number of pieces. The proposed control law is implemented in an FPGA in order to test performance of the synchronization schemes.
PVDF-Modified Nafion Membrane for Improved Performance of MFC
Authors: Fan Liping , Shi Junyi , Xi Yaobin
Published: August 2020

Low power production and unstable power supply are important bottlenecks restricting the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It is necessary to explore effective methods to improve MFC performance. By using molasses wastewater as fuel, carbon felt as an electrode, and the mixture of K3[Fe(CN)6] and NaCl as a catholyte, an MFC experimental system was set up to study the performance of MFCs with three different proton exchange membranes. A Nafion membrane was used as the basic material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and acetone-modified PVDF were used to modify it, respectively. The experimental results show that a PVDF-modified membrane can improve the water absorption effectively and, thus, make the MFC have greater power generation and better wastewater treatment effect. The acetone-modified PVDF can further improve the stability of output power of the MFC. When the acetone-modified PVDF was used to modify the Nafion membrane, the steady output voltage of the MFC was above 0.21 V, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal rate for molasses wastewater was about 66.7%, which were 96.3% and 75.1% higher than that of the MFC with the ordinary Nafion membrane. Membrane modification with acetone-modified PVDF can not only increase the output voltage of the MFC but also improve the stability of its output electrical energy.
A Review of the Serrated-Flow Phenomenon and Its Role in the Deformation Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Brechtl Jamieson , Chen Shuying , Lee Chanho , Shi Yunzhu , Feng Rui , Xie Xie , Hamblin David , Coleman Anne M. , Straka Bradley , Shortt Hugh , Spurling R. Jackson , Liaw Peter K.
Published: August 2020

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a novel class of alloys that have many desirable properties. The serrated flow that occurs in high-entropy alloys during mechanical deformation is an important phenomenon since it can lead to significant changes in the microstructure of the alloy. In this article, we review the recent findings on the serration behavior in a variety of high-entropy alloys. Relationships among the serrated flow behavior, composition, microstructure, and testing condition are explored. Importantly, the mechanical-testing type (compression/tension), testing temperature, applied strain rate, and serration type for certain high-entropy alloys are summarized. The literature reveals that the serrated flow can be affected by experimental conditions such as the strain rate and test temperature. Furthermore, this type of phenomenon has been successfully modeled and analyzed, using several different types of analytical methods, including the mean-field theory formalism and the complexity-analysis technique. Importantly, the results of the analyses show that the serrated flow in HEAs consists of complex dynamical behavior. It is anticipated that this review will provide some useful and clarifying information regarding the serrated-flow mechanisms in this material system. Finally, suggestions for future research directions in this field are proposed, such as the effects of irradiation, additives (such as C and Al), the presence of nanoparticles, and twinning on the serrated flow behavior in HEAs.
High Ductility with a Homogeneous Microstructure of a Mg–Al–Zn Alloy Prepared by Cyclic Expansion Extrusion with an Asymmetrical Extrusion Cavity
Authors: Yan Zhaoming , Zheng Jie , Zhu Jiaxuan , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Xue Yong
Published: August 2020

In the current work, cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetrical extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC), as a relatively novel severe plastic deformation method, was applied to fabricate an AZ31B magnesium alloy plate with a size of 50 × 100 × 220 mm, and the resultant microstructure, texture development, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. A refined and homogeneous grain structure was achieved after three passes of deformation due to dynamic recrystallization. The grain refinement degree in comparison to as-cast alloys was more than ~96%. With the increasing number of CEE-AEC passes, a basal inclination texture was gradually formed, with the basal planes inclined ~45° from the transverse direction to the extrusion direction, which could be attributed to the introduction of an asymmetrical extrusion cavity that led to an increasing Schmid factor for the activation of basal  slip systems. The comprehensive mechanical properties were improved by successive multi-passes of CEE-AEC processing, especially due to the ductility reaching to 30.0 ± 1.3% after three passes of deformation. The competition between the grain refinement and texture modification were the main strengthening mechanisms.
Metabolomics Comparison of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Biofluids Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Eom Jun Sik , Lee Shin Ja , Kim Hyun Sang , Choi You Young , Kim Sang Ho , Lee Yoo Gyung , Lee Sung Sill
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic profiles of rumen fluid, serum, and urine from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. In all, 189, 110, and 188 metabolites were identified in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, and 107, 49, and 99 were quantified, respectively. Organic acids, carbohydrates, and aliphatic acyclic compound metabolites were present at the highest concentrations in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In addition, acetate, glucose, and urea were the most highly concentrated individual metabolites in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In all, 77 metabolites were commonly identified, and 19 were quantified across three biofluids. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the common quantified metabolites could provide relevant information about three main metabolic pathways, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; caffeine metabolism; and histidine metabolism. These results can be useful as reference values for future metabolomic research on Hanwoo biofluids in Korea.