bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geschichte und Gegenwart der kaschubisch-polnisch-deutschen Sprachkontakte
Authors: Bartelik Piotr
Published: January 2020

This contribution examines various aspects of historical and contemporary language contacts between Kashubian, Polish and German (and its dialects), which are excellent examples of heterogeneous and correlated processes, mechanisms and tendencies with phylogenetic, contact-induced and normative background. Beginning with a wide historical context of language contact, which has been illustrated with lexemes of particular language contact stages and which can be characterized mainly with the phenomena of diglossia and triglossia, the survey concentrates on the contemporary, normative status of German loanwords. On the basis of the investigated corpus, which has been collected from newer dictionaries of Kashubian, various tendencies in the language norm of contemporary Kashubian have been analyzed. These involve, above all, the processes of the substitution of assimilated German loans with native equivalents and their positioning in the hierarchy of a given lemma’s equivalents.

Artykuł rozpatruje różnorodne aspekty historii i współczesności kontaktów językowych kaszubszczyzny z polszczyzną i z językiem niemieckim (lub jego dialektami), które są doskonałymi przykładami heterogenicznych i skorelowanych procesów, mechanizmów i tendencji o charakterze filogenetycznym, wynikających z kontaktów językowych i modyfikowanych przez współczesne tendencje normatywne. Wychodząc z szerokiego kontekstu historycznego kontaktów językowych zilustrowanych tu leksemami poszczególnych warstw zapożyczeń i wyróżniającego się przede wszystkim zjawiskami dyglosji i tryglosji językowej przeprowadzone badania koncentrują się na współczesnym, normatywnym statusie zapożyczeń z niemczyzny. Na podstawie zebranego korpusu pochodzącego z nowych słowników kaszubskich przeanalizowano więc przypadki zastępowania zasymilowanych pożyczek przez rodzime leksemy i ich pozycjonowania w hierarchii odpowiedników danego lematu.
Łacińska humiliatio a staropolska pokora. Wpływ polszczyzny na łacinę w średniowieczu
Authors: Ledzińska Anna
Published: January 2020

Latin humiliatio and Old Polish pokora. The influence of Polish on Latin in the Middle Ages. Summary: The paper discusses cross-linguistic interference observed while studying Latin humiliatio, humilitas (and additionally homagium, venia) and Old Polish pokora, referring to the statutory and customary legal practice of ‘public humiliation of the culprit, most often the murderer, and their request for forgiveness’. The research focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural changes that made the juridical meaning of humiliatio, humilitas emerge. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of the development of a set of words that share the root humil*, followed by a synchronic study of the vocabulary attested in Old Polish, Old Czech, and in Medieval Latin used in other countries. The article discusses linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have contributed to the development of the juridical sense of humiliatio, humilitas in Medieval Latin in Poland, and concludes with a hypothesis that the described sense emerged as a calque of one of the senses of the Polish word pokora.
Streszczenie: Artykuł przedstawia interferencje semantyczne, do których doszło na styku łaciny średniowiecznej i staropolszczyzny w obrębie leksemów opisujących usankcjonowany prawem i zwyczajem akt pokory, to jest publiczne upokorzenie się winowajcy, najczęściej zabójcy połączone z prośbą o przebaczenie. Są to: humiliatio, humilitas, a dodatkowo homagium, venia) oraz staropolska pokora. Po dokonaniu diachronicznej analizy rozwoju wyrazów współdzielących rdzeń humil* sięgnięto do materiału porównawczego z łaciny średniowiecznej innych narodów, staropolszczyzny oraz języka staroczeskiego. Starano się w ten sposób ustalić, jakie zmiany językowe i społeczno-kulturowe przyczyniły się do wyłonienia się znaczenia prawnego leksemów humiliatio, humilitas w łacinie średniowiecznej ziem polskich, wysuwając ostatecznie hipotezę, że doszło tu do kalki językowej jednego ze znaczeń polskiego terminu pokora.
Złożoność versus nieograniczoność – czy istnieją granice lingwistyki, interpretacji lingwistycznej, czyli określonego dyskursu naukowego?
Authors: Rzeszutko-Iwan Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Complexity vs. limitlessness – are there limits to linguistics, linguistic interpretation, i.e. limits to a specific academic discourse? Summary: This article attempts to answer the question whether there are limits to linguistics, to linguistic interpretation, i.e. limits to a specific academic discourse? The understanding of the term "discourse" adopted in this study is a reference to the theory of culture put forward by Fleischer and Labocha, in which discourse appears to be a cultural category. The adopted understanding of this concept also makes reference to the French School of Discourse Analysis. The concept of discourse is thus identified with the area of human socio-linguistic activity. In order to answer the title question the author of the article identifies three dimensions of academic discourse: cognitive (intellectual), biological and technological. In their context, the author refers to the problem of the limits of linguistics, limits of linguistic interpretation, i.e. the limits of a specific academic discourse. The multiparadigmatism of science, i.e. the multiplicity of research methods and conceptual frameworks describing the vision of the world, the variability of theories, and, therefore, the fact that academic discourse is a cyclical, emergent process with an open outcome, indicate, be it with undeniable limitations, the lack of limits of linguistics and the lack of limits of linguistic interpretation.
Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy istnieją granice lingwistyki, granice interpretacji lingwistycznej, czyli określonego dyskursu naukowego? Przyjęte rozumienie dyskursu stanowi odwołanie do teorii kultury, gdzie jawi się ono jako kategoria kulturowa. Odsyła również do francuskiej Szkoły Analizy Dyskursu. Dyskurs zostaje tym samym utożsamiony z dziedziną ludzkiej aktywności społeczno-językowej. Aby odpowiedzieć na postawione pytanie autorka artykułu wyróżnia trzy wymiary dyskursu: poznawczy (intelektualny), biologiczny i technologiczny. W ich kontekście odnosi się do zagadnienia granic lingwistyki, interpretacji lingwistycznej, czyli określonego dyskursu naukowego. Wieloparadygmatyczność nauki jako takiej, tzn. wielość metod badawczych i ram pojęciowych opisujących wizję świata, zmienność teorii, a zatem fakt, iż dyskurs naukowy jest cyklicznym, emergentnym procesem o otwartym wyniku wskazuje, przy niepodważalnych ograniczeniach, na brak granic lingwistyki i interpretacji lingwistycznej.
Artystyczne kompozycje egzystencjalne. Teorie estetyczne w 622 upadkach Bunga Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza
Authors: Jabłońska Aneta
Published: January 2020

In the article, Aneta Jabłońska analyzes a way Witkacy defined art and creative process. Jabłońska discerns a parallel between Witkacy’s terms and interpretations of these categories which were named in modernism. The author of the article shows the conceptions of art which were described in The 622 Downfalls of Bungo. She also presents how these conceptions influence the acts of the novel’s main characters (among others of Bungo, Duke of Nevermore and Baron Brummel). Jabłońska distinguishes the following theories: aestheticism of the modern period, aesthetic pragmatism, and modern aestheticism. The article casts doubt on Bożena Danek-Wojnowska’s thesis because Jabłońska proves that in his novel, Witkacy did not opt for any of the theories which he showed in The 622 Downfalls of Bungo as each of them was either destroying the artist or denying the existence of pure art and its creation.
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams
Authors: Boediono Bambang , Dewi Nyoman Triani Herlina , Lim Erwin
Published: January 2020

The use of reinforced concrete coupling beams in high-rise buildings is popular, especially in seismic prone areas. The modeling of a reinforced concrete coupling beam in a commercial structural analysis software is usually simplified to a line element or a compound of concrete and steel rebar as fiber element. Hence, the analysis of the simplified model cannot capture the overall hysteretic behavior of the element. Moreover, the simplified model is also limited in its capacity to estimate the shear strength contributed by the concrete and diagonal bars, if any, respectively. This study used an advanced finite element analysis package to simulate the cyclic behavior of four coupling beam specimens available in the database. The results show that the hysteretic loop predicted by the finite element analysis tends to overestimate the maximum lateral load capacity. On the other hand, analytical evaluation of the shear strength contributed by concrete and diagonal bars showed good agreement with the test results.
Using the Analysis of Logistic Regression Model in Auditing and Detection of Frauds
Authors: Boztepe Engin , Usul Hayrettin
Published: January 2020

Fraud is defined as intentional actions in which one or more people, including from the
management, employees, or the third parties, venture to obtain an unjust or illegal benefit. According to the researches, the average cost of fraud was determined as 5% of total incomes. The fraud, which has the results like a financial iceberg besides the direct losses, causes damages like loss of reputation, and adverse effects of customer relations. Auditing and detection of fraud, which has such vast effects, is of great importance. In this study, we have developed a model that is designed for detecting mistreatments with logistic regression and the abuses in the performance-based salary system in the health sector. For this, some imaginary surgery data were added into the actual data of laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations performed in a public hospital in 2015, and to distinguish this fictitious data, the success of the generated logistic regression model was
tested. Consequently, it shows that the model had 83.30% of the success rate for detecting the false data added to real data.
Conceptos sensibilizantes en la historia de un caso: una reflexión profesional
Authors: Martinez Perez Beatriz
Published: January 2020

La reflexión sobre la praxis de un caso reflejada en el presente artículo es el resultado de un insight profesional tras más de 15 años de profesión. En concreto la voz y el sentir tras los resultados inesperados y equidistantes de los objetivos planteados durante la intervención de un caso de desprotección de una persona mayor y su cuidadora en la Región de Murcia, municipio de Alcantarilla. Se trata del atrevimiento a hacer una parada en seco como límite del maremágnum de acción de una profesión carente de tiempo para la reflexión, sumergida en la exigencia propia y del Sistema y a la inversa que se ve reflejada en las intervenciones de los casos con la mayor o menor reclamación en función de algunos factores como por ejemplo la categoría del colectivo de intervención, el espíritu crítico del profesional y de manera fundamental la violencia estructural y silenciosa que ejerce el Sistema, donde el profesional entra en un sopor existencial camuflado en la eficacia de la acción. Acción que se exige y a su vez es asumida cual cómplice anestésico. El resultado son intervenciones exprés, usuarios no escuchados con demandas reales no atendidas. Sin embargo el desenlace de los casos una vez más supondrá una lección profesional y de vida, poniendo delante la problemática realidad de la necesidad subjetiva no declarada del sujeto.

El presente artículo pone de relieve El Tiempo como protagonista de la intervención y no el tiempo Khronos de llegar al objetivo planificado sino el tiempo Kairos de las partes o sujetos intervinientes imprescindible para la toma de conciencia y la responsabilidad del profesional y de los sujetos de intervención sobre la verdadera necesidad que no es otra que la realidad de la práctica cotidiana.
La emergencia de las fábricas de moler en la Vega Alta del Segura
Authors: Trigueros Molina Juan Carlos , Alcaraz Pérez Rubén , Yelo López Víctor
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio analiza desde una perspectiva histórica siete molinos hidráulicos harineros en las demarcaciones de Cieza, Abarán y Blanca (Vega Alta del Segura, Región de Murcia) durante la Edad Moderna. Lo que se pretende es reconocer los agentes que condicionaron el establecimiento de estas fábricas; quiénes fueron sus fundadores, sus propietarios, sus sistemas de funcionamiento; cómo evolucionaron estos ingenios desde el punto de vista de la propiedad; qué cifras rondaban sus arrendamientos. El estudio se remata con el contexto actual de estos molinos desde el punto de vista patrimonial. Para componer este trabajo ha sido esencial utilizar documentos históricos derivados de los Protocolos Notariales del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Murcia.

The present study examines seven  hydraulic mills a current and historical perspective on the demarcations of Cieza, Abarán and Blanca (Vega Alta del Segura, Región de Murcia)  during the modern age. What is intended is to recognize agents which conditioned these stablishment of these factories; how were the founders, owners; what were their operating systems; as these mills were evolving from the point of view of the property; what price averaged ther leases. The study is topped with the current context of these mills from the heritage point of view. To compose this study it has been essential to use historial documents the Protocols Notary of File Historical Provincial of Murcia.
Sacralidad y singularidad de los espacios de enterramiento en Totana (Murcia) a partir del siglo XVI
Authors: Cánovas Mulero Juan
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo estudiamos el cambio de ubicación de los distintos cementerios de Totana en el siglo XIX. Hasta 1811 estos espacios se situaron en templos y ermitas. Las epidemias de principios del siglo XIX obligaron a materializar las disposiciones que Carlos III había publicado en el siglo XVIII y que decretaban alejar los enterramientos de los núcleos urbanos. Fue así como las autoridades locales iniciaron la construcción de un primer cementerio en la población en 1813. Este ámbito estuvo en uso hasta que en 1885 se edificó el cementerio actual, el de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, más alejado de la población y siguiendo un modelo estético e higienista establecido por el arquitecto diocesano Justo Millán Espinosa.

In this work we study the change of location of the different cemeteries of Totana in the 19th century. Until 1811 these spaces were located in temples and hermitages. The epidemics of the early nineteenth century forced to carry out the provisions that Carlos III had published in the eighteenth century which decreed the removal of burials from urban centres. This is how local authorities began the construction of a first cemetery in the population in 1813. This place was in use until 1885 when the current cemetery of «Nuestra Señora del Carmen» was built. This cemetery is further away from the population and follows an aesthetic and hygienist model established by the diocesan architect Justo Millán Espinosa.
The Role of University Crown Foundations in Higher Education Policy: A Cross-Canada Study (1984–1998)
Authors: Thomarat Jacqueline
Published: January 2020

This qualitative case investigation considers the historical, inter-provincial proliferation of university Crown foundations across Canada from 1984 to 1998. From the findings of over 40 interviews conducted between 2014 and 2017 and document analysis, this study uses a conceptual framework of policy entrepreneurship and institutionalism to provide evidence of Crown foundations’ policy engagement in post-secondary education and fiscal policy in Canada. The efforts to increase the availability of tax incentives to the system by policy entrepreneurs increased resources available to Canadian university Crown foundations, although the advantage to universities was only temporary.
Perceptions of Institutional Teaching Culture by Tenured, Tenure-track, and Sessional Faculty
Authors: Dawson Debra L. , Meadows Ken N. , Kustra Erika , Hansen Kathryn D.
Published: January 2020

The Institutional Teaching Culture Perception Survey (ITCPS) was used to investigate beliefs of tenured, tenure-track, and sessional faculty members (N=576) about the teaching culture within three large research-intensive universities in Canada. As predicted, we found significant differences between these three groups of faculty members’ perceptions of their institutions’ teaching cultures. Sessional faculty perceived that their universities rewarded effective teaching less than their tenured or tenure-track colleagues. Tenured faculty were less likely than the tenure-track and sessional faculty to believe it was important to encourage, recognize, or assess effective teaching. These results have important implications for the quality of teachingand, ultimately, student learning, as sessional faculty are teaching an increasing number of students and tenured faculty are the primary decision-makers in setting the priorities for their institutions.
Los pasatiempos como recurso didáctico en el aula de E/LE (1): Planteamientos generales. Los mensajes cifrados
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Los juegos lingüísticos que conocemos como pasatiempos (normalmente, los crucigramas y sopas de letras) se han venido ofreciendo tradicionalmente como un recurso lúdico muy útil para el aprendizaje de español como L2 y LE. Su uso se ha extendido en los últimos tiempos, sobre todo, gracias a las ventajas de multitud de páginas web como, por ejemplo, los Pasatiempos de Rayuela, del Instituto Cervantes. El aprovechamiento didáctico de estos juegos presenta un potencial enorme, ya que pueden emplearse, siempre lúdicamente, no solo como actividad motivadora en la que el aprendiz de E/LE adquiera vocabulario nuevo, sino también como un ejercicio de refuerzo que le ayude a repasar el léxico ya aprendido.
En el presente artículo trataremos de analizar brevemente los beneficios que conlleva utilizar este tipo de juegos en clase de E/LE. Nos centraremos fundamentalmente en el pasatiempo llamado mensaje cifrado o criptograma, y en algunos modos de resolverlo mediante la reflexión de la morfología y fonotaxis española, además de ofrecer un método para crearlo.
 
Palabras clave: Español, E/LE, pasatiempos, mensaje cifrado.
 
Abstract: Word puzzles as crosswords and word search puzzles have been traditionally offered as a playful resource for learning Spanish as a Second Language and Spanish as a Foreign Language. Its use has extended in recent times thanks to the advantages of a multitude of webs, such as Pasatiempos de Rayuela by Instituto Cervantes. The didactic use of these games presents an enormous potential, since they can be used not only as a motivating activity in which the learner of Spanish acquires new vocabulary, but also as a reinforcement exercise that helps the learner of Spanish to review the vocabulary learned.
In this article we will try to briefly analyze the benefits of using this type of games in Spanish class. We focus primarily on the puzle called cryptogram and in some ways to solve it by through the Spanish morphology and phonotactics, and we will offer a method to create it.
 
Keywords: Spanish, Spanish as a Second Language / Spanish as a Foreign Language, word puzzles, cryptogram
¡Entonemos del revés!: algunas estrategias para mejorar la entonación emocional de los alumnos de ELE / Let’s modulate our voice inside out!: some strategies to practice the emotional intonation with Spanish as a foreign language students
Authors: Arlandis Toledano Carla , Meseguer Monfort Elena
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se propone una secuencia de actividades basada en algunas ideas del Método verbo-tonal (Guberina/Murillo, 2008; Padilla, 2018) la cual consta de cinco actividades, secuenciadas en percepción-producción/consciente-inconsciente (Padilla, 2015), para practicar la entonación expresiva. El elemento motivador que se emplea a lo largo de la secuencia didáctica es la película Del revés. En esta secuencia de actividades perseguimos dos objetivos: contrastar la entonación neutra con la emotiva y practicar la entonación neutra y emotiva en enunciados declarativos. Para ello, haremos una contrastación de los valores emotivos con los neutros, trabajando las seis emociones básicas: alegría, miedo, asco, enfado, tristeza y sorpresa.
 
Palabras clave: verbo-tonal, actividades, entonación, expresiva, emociones
 
This article aims to develop a sequence of five activities based on some of the ideas of the verbo-tonal method (Guberina/Murillo, 2008; Padilla, 2018). They are classified as different processes in order to practice the expressive intonation: perception and production in a conscious and unconscious way (Padilla, 2015). The primary motivation is the movie- Inside out. This sequence of activities has two objectives: contrasting the neutral intonation with the emotional intonation and practicing the neutral and emotional intonation when using declarative statements. To do so, this sequence of activities will contrast the neutral values with the emotional ones by working with the six basic emotions: happiness, fear, disgust, anger, sadness and surprise.

Key words: verbo-tonal, activities, intonation, expressive, emotions
La influencia de dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de la pronunciación de español
Authors: Chen Danna , Wang Lili
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Este trabajo pretende mostrar la influencia fonológica de los dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de español tomando el shanghainés como ejemplo. Se hace una comparación entre el inventario consonántico y vocálico, así como la entonación del dialecto shanghainés y del chino mandarín para encontrar las características fonológicas propias del primero que ayudan en el aprendizaje del español. La investigación revela que se facilita la pronunciación de las consonantes oclusivas sonoras y la entonación menos marcada para los hablantes del shanghainés gracias a su dialecto pero no les resultan fáciles los grupos consonánticos ni la vibrante. El gran número de consonantes nasales en el chino mandarín dificulta la distinción entre las sílabas que contienen los sonidos nasales y aquellas sin ellos. Por último, se propone el trabajo colaborativo entre el profesorado nativo y no nativo para emprender una enseñanza fonética correcta y eficaz.
Palabras clave: estudio contrastivo, pronunciación de español, dialecto de China, shanghainés
Abstract: This paper aims to show the phonological influence of Chinese dialects in Spanish learning Spanish taking Shanghainese as an example. A comparison between the consonantal and vocalic inventory, as well as the intonation of the Shanghai dialect (Shanghainese) and Mandarin Chinese are made to find the phonological characteristics of the Shanghai dialect that contribute to the learning of Spanish. The research reveals that the Shanghai dialect facilitate the learning of the pronunciation of occlusive voiced consonants and the intonation in Spanish, however, like other Mandarin Chinese speakers, the Shanghainese speakers also find it difficult to pronounce the consonant groups and the alveolar trill. The large number of nasal consonants in Mandarin Chinese makes it hard to distinguish between the syllables that contain the nasal sounds and those without them. Finally, the collaborative work between native and non-native teachers is proposed to undertake a correct and effective phonetic teaching.
Keywords: contrastive study, Spanish pronunciation, Chinese dialect, Shanghainese
Dibujar la conversación en ELE: la enseñanza de la toma de turnos del español
Authors: Espinosa Guerri Guadalupe
Published: January 2020

Uno de los componentes necesarios para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática es la toma de turnos. No obstante, aunque nuestro conocimiento sobre la estructura de la conversación coloquial y sobre el funcionamiento del sistema de toma de turnos se ha visto ampliado gracias a los estudios que se han realizado desde el Análisis de la Conversación y el Español Coloquial, son muy pocos los intentos de trasvasar ese conocimiento teórico al campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras (Cestero, 2012).  
El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer algunos de los hallazgos en torno al sistema de  alternancia de turnos de la conversación coloquial española y proponer dos herramientas didácticas para su enseñanza en el aula de ELE: 1) los dientes de sierra, herramienta de visualización que permite reconocer gráficamente la relación entre los turnos de un diálogo; y 2) una tipología de figuras interaccionales que recoge las diferentes estructuras que se producen en la toma de turnos de la conversación coloquial española.
La escritura creativa en la era digital: el foro de rol como herramienta de aprendizaje en E/LE
Authors: Molés Moreno María
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo investiga el potencial de los foros de rol como recurso de aprendizaje y desarrollo de la destreza escrita en E/LE, en especial la expresión escrita, con el objetivo de reemplazar las actividades más tradicionales de composición creativa por herramientas más innovadoras y, por tanto, aproximar las TIC a la realidad de la enseñanza de E/LE. Con este fin, se ha realizado una investigación acerca del objeto de estudio, los foros de rol, y se han estudiado sus características —funcionalidad, mecánicas, comportamientos, motivación, etc.— por medio de un trabajo de campo. A continuación, a partir de las conclusiones de la investigación previa, se han expuesto las ventajas y los posibles inconvenientes de esta herramienta dentro del aula de E/LE.
TRF1 averts chromatin remodelling, recombination and replication dependent-break induced replication at mouse telomeres
Authors: Porreca Rosa Maria , Herrera-Moyano Emilia , Skourti Eleni , Law Pui Pik , Gonzalez Franco Roser , Montoya Alex , Faull Peter , Kramer Holger , Vannier Jean-Baptiste
Published: January 2020

Telomeres are a significant challenge to DNA replication and are prone to replication stress and telomere fragility. The shelterin component TRF1 facilitates telomere replication but the molecular mechanism remains uncertain. By interrogating the proteomic composition of telomeres, we show that mouse telomeres lacking TRF1 undergo protein composition reorganisation associated with the recruitment of DNA damage response and chromatin remodellers. Surprisingly, mTRF1 suppresses the accumulation of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, BRCA1 and the SMC5/6 complex at telomeres, which is associated with increased Homologous Recombination (HR) and TERRA transcription. We uncovered a previously unappreciated role for mTRF1 in the suppression of telomere recombination, dependent on SMC5 and also POLD3 dependent Break Induced Replication at telomeres. We propose that TRF1 facilitates S-phase telomeric DNA synthesis to prevent illegitimate mitotic DNA recombination and chromatin rearrangement.
Duodenum Intestine-Chip for preclinical drug assessment in a human relevant model
Authors: Kasendra Magdalena , Luc Raymond , Yin Jianyi , Manatakis Dimitris V , Kulkarni Gauri , Lucchesi Carolina , Sliz Josiah , Apostolou Athanasia , Sunuwar Laxmi , Obrigewitch Jenifer , Jang Kyung-Jin , Hamilton Geraldine A , Donowitz Mark , Karalis Katia
Published: January 2020

Induction of intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes can complicate the development of new drugs, owing to the potential to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) leading to changes in pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. The development of a human-relevant model of the adult intestine that accurately predicts CYP450 induction could help address this challenge as species differences preclude extrapolation from animals. Here, we combined organoids and Organs-on-Chips technology to create a human Duodenum Intestine-Chip that emulates intestinal tissue architecture and functions, that are relevant for the study of drug transport, metabolism, and DDI. Duodenum Intestine-Chip demonstrates the polarized cell architecture, intestinal barrier function, presence of specialized cell subpopulations, and in vivo relevant expression, localization, and function of major intestinal drug transporters. Notably, in comparison to Caco-2, it displays improved CYP3A4 expression and induction capability. This model could enable improved in vitro to in vivo extrapolation for better predictions of human pharmacokinetics and risk of DDIs.
MYC and Twist1 cooperate to drive metastasis by eliciting crosstalk between cancer and innate immunity
Authors: Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Baylot Virginie , Kim Minsoon , Kuruvilla Sibu , Bellovin David I , Adeniji Nia , Rajan KD Anand , Lai Ian , Gabay Meital , Tong Ling , Krishnan Maya , Park Jangho , Hu Theodore , Barbhuiya Mustafa A , Gentles Andrew J , Kannan Kasthuri , Tran Phuoc T , Felsher Dean W
Published: January 2020

Metastasis is a major cause of cancer mortality. We generated an autochthonous transgenic mouse model whereby conditional expression of MYC and Twist1 enables hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to metastasize in >90% of mice. MYC and Twist1 cooperate and their sustained expression is required to elicit a transcriptional program associated with the activation of innate immunity, through secretion of a cytokinome that elicits recruitment and polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Systemic treatment with Ccl2 and Il13 induced MYC-HCCs to metastasize; whereas, blockade of Ccl2 and Il13 abrogated MYC/Twist1-HCC metastasis. Further, in 33 human cancers (n = 9502) MYC and TWIST1 predict poor survival (p=4.3×10−10), CCL2/IL13 expression (p<10−109) and TAM infiltration (p<10−96). Finally, in the plasma of patients with HCC (n = 25) but not cirrhosis (n = 10), CCL2 and IL13 were increased and IL13 predicted invasive tumors. Therefore, MYC and TWIST1 generally appear to cooperate in human cancer to elicit a cytokinome that enables metastasis through crosstalk between cancer and immune microenvironment.
Prickle isoforms determine handedness of helical morphogenesis
Authors: Cho Bomsoo , Song Song , Axelrod Jeffrey D
Published: January 2020

Subcellular asymmetry directed by the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway orients numerous morphogenetic events in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Here, we describe a morphogenetic movement in which the intertwined socket and shaft cells of the Drosophila anterior wing margin mechanosensory bristles undergo PCP-directed apical rotation, inducing twisting that results in a helical structure of defined chirality. We show that the Frizzled/Vang PCP signaling module coordinates polarity among and between bristles and surrounding cells to direct this rotation. Furthermore, we show that dynamic interplay between two isoforms of the Prickle protein determines right- or left-handed bristle morphogenesis. We provide evidence that, Frizzled/Vang signaling couples to the Fat/Dachsous PCP directional signal in opposite directions depending on whether Pkpk or Pksple predominates. Dynamic interplay between Pk isoforms is likely to be an important determinant of PCP outcomes in diverse contexts. Similar mechanisms may orient other lateralizing morphogenetic processes.
State-dependent brainstem ensemble dynamics and their interactions with hippocampus across sleep states
Authors: Tsunematsu Tomomi , Patel Amisha A , Onken Arno , Sakata Shuzo
Published: January 2020

The brainstem plays a crucial role in sleep-wake regulation. However, the ensemble dynamics underlying sleep regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we show slow, state-predictive brainstem ensemble dynamics and state-dependent interactions between the brainstem and the hippocampus in mice. On a timescale of seconds to minutes, brainstem populations can predict pupil dilation and vigilance states and exhibit longer prediction power than hippocampal CA1 neurons. On a timescale of sub-seconds, pontine waves (P-waves) are accompanied by synchronous firing of brainstem neurons during both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Crucially, P-waves functionally interact with CA1 activity in a state-dependent manner: during NREM sleep, hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) precede P-waves. On the other hand, P-waves during REM sleep are phase-locked with ongoing theta oscillations and are followed by burst firing of CA1 neurons. This state-dependent global coordination between the brainstem and hippocampus implicates distinct functional roles of sleep.
Fundação Joaquim dos Santos (TORREDEITA) da origem à actualidade
Authors: Simões Maria do Carmo
Published: January 2020

A fundação Joaquim dos Santos é uma Instituição Privada de Solidariedade Social, situada em Torredeita, numa das mais importantes e prósperas freguesias do concelho de Viseu. Foi fundada em 1967 por incumbência do Sr. Joaquim dos Santos. Funcionando como agente de desenvolvimento, cedo criou mecanismos e infra-estruturas de apoio ao desenvolvimento local e regional. Beneficiando os mais carenciados, desenvolve no aspecto social diversas valências, satisfazendo uma ampla e diversa população através da Creche, Jardim de Infância, Actividades de Tempos Livres, Lar de Idosos e do Apoio Domiciliário. Estando envolvida numa vasta cultura, desenvolve actividades culturais através de protocolos estabelecidos com o Rancho Folclórico de Torredeita e o seu Ecomuseu, sendo também dinamizadora e hospedeira da Cooperativa de Artesanato da Renda de Bilras e Trajes Regionais, "O Enteio". No aspecto educativo, é promotora da Escola Profissional de Torredeita.
An analysis of abnormalities in the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with systemic sclerosis using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Shao Tihong , Huo Feifei , Zheng Chenqing , Li Wanyu , Jiang Zhenyu
Published: January 2020

Systemic sclerosis is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease that is associated with polyclonal B cell hyperreactivity. The CDR3 of BCRs is the major site of antigen recognition. Therefore, we analyzed the BCR repertoire of patients with SSc. The BCR repertoires in 12 subjects including eight SSc patients and four healthy controls were characterized by high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were studied. The average CDR3 length in the SSc group was significantly shorter. The SSc patient displayed more diverse BCR. Moreover, SSc patients with mild skin sclerosis, anti-Scl70, interstitial lung disease or female sex were more diversified. B cells from the SSc patients showed a differential V and J gene usage. SSc patients had distinct BCR repertoires.These findings reflected the differences of BCR repertoires between SSc patients and controls. The higher-usage genes for the BCR sequence might be potential biomarkers of B cell-targeted therapies or diagnosis for SSc.
ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ И МИКОБАКТЕРИОЗ ЛЕГКИХ У ОДНОГО ПАЦИЕНТА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Степанян Игорь Эмильевич , Багдасарян Татевик Рафиковна , Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна , Смирнова Татьяна Геннадьевна , Андреевская Софья Николаевна , Зайцева Анна Сергеевна , Черноусова Лариса Николаевна , Эргешов Атаджан Эргешович
Published: January 2020

Проведен ретроспективный анализ случаев сочетанного выявления микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) и нетуберкулезных микобактерий (НТМБ) в мокроте у пациентов с установленным диагнозом туберкулеза (ТБ) органов дыхания. Подобные сочетания были обнаружены у 19 из 34567 обследованных (0,55%). Сочетание МБТ и НТМБ имело место у пациентов с разными клиническими формами ТБ. Среди выделенных НТМБ встречались 7 видов как быстро-, так и медленно растущих микроорганизмов, но ни в одном случае не были обнаружены M. avium. В подавляющем большинстве случаев (14 из 19) НТМБ обнаруживали после прекращения выделения МБТ в условиях противотуберкулезной терапии, у 3 пациентов выявление НТМБ предшествовало обнаружению МБТ, у 2 МБТ и НТМБ выявляли одновременно. Антибактериальную терапию по поводу микобактериоза легких проводили с учетом лекарственной чувствительности НТМБ и переносимости ее пациентами, во всех случаях она была эффективной.
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЙ С ШИРОКОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ У БОЛЬНОГО С СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Багдасарян Татевик Рафиковна , Полякова Анжела Сергеевна , Тихонов Алексей Михайлович , Романов Владимир Викторович , Шабалина Ирина Юрьевна , Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна , Эргешов Атаджан Эргешович
Published: January 2020

Первичный туберкулез (ТБ) встречается преимущественно у детей, подростков и значительно реже - у взрослых. Первичный ТБ часто поражает другие органы. Доля больных внелегочным ТБ невелика, но подобные случаи бывают сложны для диагностики. Представленный клинический пример демонстрирует, что даже у больных с генерализованным ТБ, широкой лекарственной устойчивостью (ШЛУ) микобактерий ТБ (МБТ) и сопутствующей патологией можно добиться высокой эффективности лечения при условии назначения адекватной химиотерапии на основании данных о лекарственной чувствительности возбудителя, непрерывности лечения, использования терапии сопровождения для предотвращения возможных побочных реакций химиотерапии, тщательного мониторинга и своевременной коррекции побочных реакций.
Breastfeeding Practice among HIV Positive Mothers Receiving Care for PMTCT at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ichendu Paul Nsirimobu , Alex-Hart Balafama Abinye
Published: January 2020

Background: Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) is the recommended feeding method for HIV exposed infants in resource limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding practices and possible determinants among HIV-positive mothers receiving care for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among HIV positive mothers who were receiving care for PMTCT. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to mothers whose babies were at least one year old. Information obtained included the sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers, the choice of feeding practiced by the mothers, reason for the choice of feeding, duration of breastfeeding and reason for breastfeeding. Obtained data was analysed and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:  A total of 234 mothers participated in the study. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was the predominant type of feeding practiced by the mothers with an EBF rate of 91.4%. Prevention of HIV transmission to the child (85.5%) and the nutritional benefits of the milk (70.9%) were the main underlying reason for the mother’s choice of feeding. One hundred and sixty eight (76.4%) breastfed for 7-12 Months, 156 (70.9%) practiced breastfeeding because of personal choice, while 42 (19.9%) breastfed for fear of HIV status being disclosed. Significantly more of the married mothers exclusively breastfed their children than the unmarried counterparts (X 2 = 23.99, p = 0.0001). 

Conclusion: Breastfeeding is the commonest feeding practice among HIV positive mother and the EBF rate among these mothers is high and must be encouraged. Regular and consistent use of ART among HIV positive mothers must be encouraged and supported since the desire to prevent MTCT was the commonest motivation for the feeding choice among these mothers.
Economic Analysis of Cut Flower (Rose and Gerbera) Production under Polyhouse in Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Tiwari Yogesh , Awasthi P. K. , Pandey Prem Ratan
Published: January 2020

Flowers are crowning beauty of God's creation. They are inseparable part of human joy and sorrows. It is said that man is born with flowers, lives with flowers and finally dies with flowers.The main objective of the present study was to analyze the cost of production of selected cut flower i.e. rose, gerbera grown under polyhouses in Jabalpur district. From the selected blocks a list of polyhouse cut flower growers were collected with the help of officials of the Joint Director of Horticulture, Jabalpur There are eight cut flowers polyhouse established in the district during last year. The primary data required for the study were collected by personal interview of the respondents. The information on cost and return in production of cut flower were collected personally by the use of well structured interview schedule. The data were collected through selected farmers. This paper examined the cost and return and benefit cost ratio of cut flower cultivation under protected condition.  The study revealed that total cost in gerbera and rose production grown on an average 1200 m2 were Rs 909206 and Rs. 882517, respectively. The annual gerbera and rose production on sample polyhouse 409288 nos and 342000 nos flowers respectively which is 108 and 76% higher than the break- even level, Net profit was to the extent of Rs 529868 and Rs 345288 and benefit- cost ratio was 1:85 and 1:61 respectively. Thus, existing production technology yield sufficient profit to the cut flowers growers. huge investment requirement, shortage of trained manpower, price fluctuation, lack of scientific knowledge & training, attack by pest & disease, lack of extension work came out as major financial and technical problems (Wani NI, 2017). There is a need to establish a research and development wing in order to develop better methods of cultivation and optimum use of recommended inputs in floriculture.
Evaluation of Youth Vulnerability to Community Cultism in Selected States in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Nwaogu N. R. , E. Weli V. , D. Mbee M.
Published: January 2020

Background of Study: Cultism is one of the major sources of violence and causes of death among youths in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Youths join different cult groups to have more influence and power than their peers. Supremacy of a particular cult group in a community gives its members edge to take control of proceeds and royalties accruing from crude oil production in the area. As a result, many cult groups are at conflict to assume dominance and control. This rivalry among them triggered inter and intra cult violence such as assassination, abduction, clashes, and destruction of properties as well as insecurity and upsurge in criminal activities.

Methods and Materials: This study examines the vulnerability of youths to community cultism in the Niger Delta.  It looks at reasons joining cultism, crimes committed by cultists and extent of cult attacks and fatalities in the area. Adopting cross sectional research design, this study was conducted in the 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs) where amnesty was offered to cultists by government in 2016. The study population was the entire population of the repentant cultists (cultists who embraced the amnesty package) and Taro Yamene’s formula was used in selecting the sample size of 400. Snowball sampling technique was employed in selecting repentant cultists. Data relied on primary and secondary sources, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, weighted means and choropleth maps.

Results:  The highest reason youths engage in cultism in communities was for protection. Also, quest for influence/power, money and peer group were other reasons. Fun and desire for political connection were the least reasons. The major crimes committed by cultists were murder/killing, intimidation, kidnapping and political thuggery. Cult attacks were highest in 2018 with 109 cases and least in 2010 with 33 cases while fatalities peaked in 2017 with 92 deaths and lowered in 2010 with 13 deaths.

Conclusion:  Youths are vulnerable to joining cult gangs for protection and to exert influence/power over their peers. Re-orientation and sensitization programs are recommended to disabuse their minds and discourage them from engaging in anti-social behaviors.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in India
Authors: Chaithra M. , Vanitha S. , Ramanathan A. , Jegadeeshwari V. , Rajesh V. , Hegde V. , Apshara E.
Published: January 2020

Aim: To identify cocoa associated endophytic fungi through morphological and molecular techniques.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu from April 2018 to November 2019.

Methodology: Endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from different parts of cocoa using Petrini method. Isolated endophytic fungal strains were grown in Malt extract broth and total genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using universal primers ITS1F and ITS4R. Amplified rDNA was visualized and documented.

Results: Morphological and molecular characterization of six endophytic fungi revealed that they are from four different taxa viz., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae PAK-7, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P11, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P12, Diaporthe sp. Vef-3, Lasiodiplodia theobromae TN-R-3,  Colletotrichum sp. TN-9-2 belonging to four different families viz., Botryosphaeriaceae, Apiosporaceae, Diaporthaceae and Glomorellaceae under Phylum Ascomycota.

Conclusion:  The present study indicates the distribution and diversity of fungal endophytes in different plant parts of the cocoa tree in south India.
Highlights of the Genetics and Importance of Bacillus subtilis Spore Formation
Authors: Amiteye Samuel
Published: January 2020

Bacillus species are important producers of essential biomolecules such as antibiotics, insecticides and enzymes. However, the immense potential for commercial scale production of these biomolecules still remain largely unexplored. Optimization of the exploitation of these species has, therefore, become the major preoccupation of many laboratories worldwide. Success in this regard depends on a thorough understanding of the species gene regulatory mechanisms, metabolism and secretary pathways. Bacillus subtilis by virtue of its relatively simple cellular organization, experimental tractability and excellent genetics has become the principal paradigm for the study of the cellular processes of the Bacillus genus. The bacteria survive adverse environmental conditions by undergoing a complex process of spore formation termed sporulation. The process of spore formation involves cellular differentiation of an asymmetrically dividing mother cell, with each compartment undergoing distinct cell-specific gene expression. These processes eventually culminate in the formation of resistant spores. The molecular genetics, importance and industrial applications of these species as well as the historical perspective of Bacillus research have been reviewed. Furthermore, scientific advancements in the study of the spore formation process in B. subtilis have been presented with emphasis on the basic genetic regulatory mechanisms.