bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Compatibility of Y-site Pediatric Drug Administration: A Call for Question of US Pharmacopeia Standards?
Authors: Ross Emma L. , Petty Kirsten , Salinas Allison , Bremmer Jarrett , Her Cheng , Carpenter John F.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 29 combinations of medications at commonly used pediatric concentrations using both existing and novel techniques.

METHODS

Medication combinations included were selected by a varied group of pediatric inpatient pharmacists, and then assessed by 3 independent reviewers for existing literature. For each combination, 2 different medications were mixed together in a 1:1 ratio and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to simulate Y-site administration. Each sample was then analyzed using the US Pharmacopeia (USP) <788> recommended analytical technique of light obscuration (LO) in addition to novel flow imaging (FI) microscopy and backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI). Physical compatibility was determined using USP chapter <788> large volume particle count limits for all techniques.

RESULTS

A total of 29 different medication combinations were studied. Five combinations met criteria for compatibility by all 3 techniques. The remaining 24 combinations reached the threshold to be considered incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 techniques. Light obscuration, BMI, and FI identified 14%, 59%, and 76% of combinations as incompatible, respectively. All samples deemed incompatible by LO were also incompatible by at least 1 of the other 2 techniques. Flow imaging and BMI results agreed in 69% of samples tested.

CONCLUSIONS

Most combinations tested were found to be incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 instruments used. Light obscuration appears to have reduced accuracy for identifying particulate resulting in physical medication incompatibility when compared with the novel techniques of FI and BMI.
Credit Risk Management and Its Impact On the Performance of Commercial Banks in Pakistan: An Application of Penal Var Approach
Authors: Naji Asif Saeed , Syed Shabib – Ul - Hassan
Published: February 2023

Credit risk is nothing else but the default by the borrower. Credit risk management practices are adopted by the banks to mitigate this risk. It is crucial for every bank or financial institution to follow the effective risk management system to avoid or mitigate the credit risk. This paper is an attempt to investigate the effect of default or credit risk management on the financial performance of banks and how factors of CRM affect each other. VAR approach has been used to analyze the penal data. Sixteen private commercial banks have been taken into the consideration. Data has been collected from the year 2012 to 2021. Granger causality and impulse response have also been identified and analyzed. E view has been used for the purpose of analysis. Results of Granger causality reveal that almost all the variables are affecting or explaining each other. There is a bidirectional association ship between LTDR and ROE. In variance decomposition analysis, all the variables are mostly being affected by themselves or by their own shocks and shocked of other variables. Finally, short term relationship has been found or identified through VECM. This study is helpful for all the stakeholders of commercial banks. This study is also helpful for the students using penal var approach for understanding and analysis purpose. This study is also helpful for the decision makers to frame policy of credit risk management and see how effective risk management affects the financial health of commercial banks.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE FIRST COME FIRST SERVED PADA PLATFORM RESERVASI LAPANGAN BADMINTON BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Abdurohim Uro , Versanika Dayanni Vera , Dirgantara Chandra
Published: January 2023

Many badminton court rental services still use a manual system, handling customer requests via telephone or online messaging apps such as WhatsApp. This approach makes it challenging to manage order data when there are many reservations. The First Come First Served (FCFS) algorithm is a method where the data entered first is processed first. The FCFS algorithm is commonly used in queuing systems because its orderly approach is well-suited for managing systematic queues. The design of this system utilizes the Extreme Programming method. This research aims to develop an online reservation system that simplifies the process for customers to rent courts and assists managers in promoting their facilities by implementing the FCFS method.
IMPLEMENTASI LOGIKA FUZZY PADA REKOMENDASI PEMILIHAN JURUSAN SISWA BARU
Authors: Yuliyanti Siti , Suryani Wulan , Irnawan Haris
Published: January 2023

Education plays a very important role in improving the quality of human resources. The process of selecting a course for prospective students at SMK Taman Siswa Rancaekek is still done manually. This research aims to analyze new students in determining the majors that match their talents, interests, and abilities. Therefore, the result of this research is the development of a fuzzy logic implementation system using the Tsukamoto method. The research results show that the Tsukamoto method can provide recommendations based on subjects with high values. The system development method used is the Prototype method, with the system design using procedural techniques, while implementation is done using the PHP programming language.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK KELAYAKAN KELANJUTAN PENERIMAAN BEASISWA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Rahayu Mina Ismu , Apriyanti Linda , Kamaludin Kamaludin
Published: January 2023

Salah satu program di SMK Padakembang yang membantu menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas adalah program beasiswa. Agar dana beasiswa yang disalurkan dapat berjalan lancar, maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk kelanjutan penerimaan beasiswa, sehingga beasiswa dapat diberikan kepada yang benar-benar memenuhi kriteria tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak. Untuk membantu penentuan hasil evaluasi kelanjutan penerimaan beasiswa, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk sistem pendukung keputusan adalah Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Metode ini dipilih karena merupakan suatu bentuk model pendukung keputusan di mana peralatan utamanya adalah sebuah hierarki fungsional dengan input utamanya adalah persepsi manusia, yaitu orang yang ahli dalam masalah beasiswa atau yang mengerti permasalahan beasiswa.
ANIMASI STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR STMIK BANDUNG
Authors: Rahayu Mina Ismu , Nurjaman Anjar Ahmad , Kartaputra Dani Pradana
Published: January 2023

STMIK Bandung memiliki SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) yang telah ditetapkan sebagai acuan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan tertentu. Informasi SOP masih menggunakan diagram alir yang terdiri dari teks dan gambar, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya kesulitan dalam memahami proses-proses yang terdapat di dalam SOP STMIK Bandung.
Pembangunan animasi SOP STMIK Bandung dilakukan untuk mendukung penyampaian informasi SOP. Dengan menggunakan Canvas HTML5 yang terdapat dalam aplikasi Adobe Animate, animasi yang dihasilkan berupa motion graphic. Animasi kemudian diimplementasikan pada website agar dapat diakses dan memudahkan dalam memahami SOP STMIK Bandung.
IMPLEMENTASI K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR UNTUK MENENTUKAN PREDIKSI PENJUALAN
Authors: Sukmana Rini Nuraini , Abdurrahman  , Wicaksono Yohanes
Published: January 2023

PT. Maksiplus Utama Indonesia adalah perusahaan berbasis MLM yang memproduksi dan menjual pupuk. Maksiplus memiliki banyak produk yang tersebar di Indonesia. Dari beberapa produk tersebut, terkadang ada beberapa yang hasil penjualannya tidak sesuai harapan, dan menyebabkan kurangnya keuntungan perusahaan. Manajemen terkadang merasa kesulitan dalam menentukan apakah penjualan produk akan naik atau tidak. Untuk membantu dalam memprediksi penjualan, diperlukan sebuah metode yang mampu memberikan solusi alternatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam memprediksi penjualan adalah K-Nearest Neighbor. Keluaran sistem disajikan dalam bentuk angka perhitungan dari metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Hasil yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah agar perusahaan dapat terbantu dalam mengambil keputusan. Dari keluaran sistem yang berbentuk angka, diharapkan dapat mudah dipahami dan digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan oleh manajemen dalam menentukan apakah penjualan suatu produk akan naik atau tidak.
Non-Invasive Preimplantation Genetic Testing: a Laboratory Review
Authors: Vaccari Enrico
Published: February 2023

Since the presence of cell free DNA (cfDNA) was reported in blastocoel fluid and spent culture medium the possibility to introduce a non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing (niPGT) as a new tool in assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been investigated by different groups.A variety of different approaches have been used until now to collect, extract, amplify and analyse embryonic DNA from BF, SCM and eventually both together. However, success rates in term of amplification, ploidy concordance, specificity and sensitivity vary widely among different papers.This review aims at summarizing those different methodologies.niPTG offers many advantages compared to the traditional biopsy method especially regarding safety of embryos and future children, nevertheless despite the growing amount of data, optimized and high reproducibility protocols are as for now, missing and clinical replacement is still not possible, and it should still be only classified as a screening method for optimizing noninvasive embryo prioritization.
Distance Learning In The Covid-19 Pandemic Based On Information And Communication Technology To Strengthen Country
Authors: Khaerudin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out about distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and to provide the right learning model. The research method used is a library model obtained from documents and learning articles, with pandemic online learning. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative, to reveal the phenomena and events that occurred. Valid data source analysis. The results of the research can explain the problems in online learning, and the components of online learning, as well as meaningful collective learning in online learning, namely: (1). Pedagogic constructs, (2). Learning strategies, (3). Pedagogic tools or Internet and web-based technologies. Analyze and provide input on influencing facts, namely: (1). Internet speed. (2). There is no social interaction, between lecturers with students, (3). Lecturers are less able to control students. Online learning is an alternative solution to organizing education through learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, so by utilizing information and communication technology it can carry out systematic learning, achieve educational goals, and improve the quality of graduates.
Implementation of Human Concern in Education and Empowerment of Earthquake Victims in Cianjur Regency
Authors: Sutarman Sutarman , Herlina Herlina , Mulyeni Sri , Riyanto Slamet , Sukanti Lina
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of public awareness of the earthquake victims that occurred in the Cianjur Regency. Want to analyze the educational process of the Cianjur earthquake victims and want to know the empowerment of each volunteer for the earthquake victims. The research method used is qualitative which describes the phenomena that occur in the research location. Data collection techniques in the form of direct observation of the community and environment around the disaster. Interviews with the victim community, officials, and other volunteers who were met at the research location. Documentation studies from various sources, such as the internet, information from fellow volunteers, and various Watch-Ap groups. Conclusion: (1). The implementation of the level of concern from all the people of West Java, Jakarta, and Banten are very enthusiastic to help and assist, as evidenced by the various institutions, communities, and vehicles carrying supplies in the form of funds as well as food and clothing, thronging the earthquake victim area. (2). Implementation of education directed at school-age children in the form of volunteers in the form of Trauma Healing in the form of reading the Koran using the Iqro model, quizzing learning questions, singing, and giving gifts in the form of snacks and textbooks. Community empowerment in the form of Strengthening faith and destiny as to why earthquakes occur, and information about knowledge of how earthquakes occur. Distribution of groceries, women's clothing, men's clothing, and children's clothing, and free medical and health care
Pesticides in different environmental compartments in Brazil: a review
Authors: Prado de Oliveira Mayane , Santana e Silva Anny Beatriz , Toniciolli Rigueto Cesar Vinicius , Aparecida Loss Raquel , Ferreira Guedes Sumaya , Aparecida Queli Geraldi Claudineia
Published: February 2023

Over the years Brazil has become one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world. At the same time, there was a significant increase in the use of pesticides to increase productivity at harvest. In this context, there is great concern about human health, fauna, and flora, since the inputs can go through different chemical processes and migrate through various environmental compartments. In this context, this paper addresses a review of studies that have reported the presence of pesticides in various environmental compartments such as water (surface and irrigation), soil, and food. The detected concentrations, Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), current legislation, and the values ​​of Estimated Daily Intake (ADI) or Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) are presented. In general, it was observed that DDTs and their metabolites were reported at concentrations beyond the MRL, followed by atrazine. Regarding intake estimates, there is a greater concern with children as they are more vulnerable, due to their low body weight when compared to adults. Finally, studies that consider the cumulative effect are needed to better assess the different chemical components in the human diet and the potential adverse effects on the health of the population.
Alliancen mellem Kina og Rusland og rivaliseringen mellem Kina og USA i lyset af Ukrainekrigen
Authors: Xing Li
Published: February 2023

Artiklen analyserer kompleksiteten af Ukrainekrigen gennem granskning af to vigtige igangværende faktorer – alliancen mellem Kina og Rusland og rivaliseringen mellem Kina og USA. Artiklen viser, at disse to faktorer og deres indbyrdes forbindelser i høj grad bestemmer karakteren og tendensen i den globale orden. Kinas holdning til Ukrainekrigen afspejler landets strategiske beregninger i lyset af dets stormagtsrivalisering med USA. Alliancen mellem Kina og Rusland er et hjælpemiddel, og Ukrainekrigen er en god mulighed for de to lande til at promovere en ny international sikkerhedsarkitektur, som ikke er domineret af Vesten. Artiklen konkluderer, at Ruslands krig i Ukraine kombineret med rivalisering og afkobling mellem Kina og USA driver en tilbagevenden til konventionel geopolitisk konkurrence og splittelse. Det faktum, at verden er splittet over disse begivenheder, viser sandsynligheden for, at vi bevæger os mod en multiordensverden.
Russia’s war in Ukraine: A world order under transformation?
Authors: Flockhart Trine
Published: February 2023

The article outlines processes of order transformation in light of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The article argues that transformation is taking place at three levels of ordering conceptualized as the global order level, the international order level, and the national order level. The article shows that transformation is currently taking place at all three levels: in the ideational foundations of the global rules-based order; in the number of ordering entities at the international order level as the Russian-led Eurasian order and the Chinese-led Belt-and-Road order consolidate; and at the national order level through the emergence of right-wing populism. The article demonstrates the importance of paying attention to all three levels, and that Putin’s ambition for a viable Eurasian order probably is unlikely to be met, but that this is not necessarily cause for optimism about the coming world order.
RÉCITS ET SCÉNARIOS AUTOCHTONES AU QUÉBEC : ENTRE RÉSURGENCE ET SURVIVANCE
Authors: Bertrand Karine
Published: January 2023

Cet article cherche à démontrer comment l’écriture du scénario de films fictionnels réalisés par des femmes autochtones/allochtones (Québec, Nunavut) peut être considérée à la fois comme un acte de résurgence, donc de régénération socioculturelle (Betasamosake Simpson, 2011), et de survivance, c’est-à-dire d’une présence dynamique qui se manifeste entre autres à travers l’approche décolonisante de raconter des histoires (Vizenor, 2008). L’importance d’une écriture scénaristique qui redonne à la femme autochtone la place qui lui revient en tant que pédagogue, conseillère, guérisseuse, entrepreneure, mère et guerrière au sein de sa communauté et à l’extérieur est également mise de l’avant. Enfin, la dimension collective et collaborative d’un processus d’écriture qui engage de plusieurs façons des individus, familles et communautés dans des gestes de souveraineté narrative est mise en lumière, à travers la parole même des cinéastes et le partage de leurs expériences respectives.
Long-term outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis: A single-center 14-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Kang Beom Mo , Yoon Seok Mann , Oh Jae Sang , Oh Hyuk Jin , Ahn Jae Min , Yun Gi Yong
Published: January 2023

Objective: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is currently widely used for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of CAS performed in a single institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 313 CAS cases from January 2007 to December 2020, including 206 (66%) symptomatic and 107 (34%) asymptomatic cases. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were assessed. Rates of periprocedural (≤30 days after CAS) and postprocedural ipsilateral strokes (>30 days after CAS) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the periprocedural complication, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and ipsilateral stroke.Results: The success rate of CAS was 98%. Among 313 cases, 1 patient died due to hyperperfusion-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CAS-related mortality rate was 0.31%. The overall incidence of periprocedural complications is 5.1%. A risk factor for periprocedural complication was a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (7.3% vs. 0.9%, p=0.016). Twenty cases of ISR occurred during 63.7±42.1 months of follow-up. The overall incidence of ISR was 10.2% (20/196). A risk factors for ISR were diabetes mellitus (17.6% vs. 5.7%, p=0.008) and patients who used Open-cell stents (19.6% vs. 6.9%, p=0.010). The overall incidence of ipsilateral stroke is 5.6%. A risk factors for ipsilateral stroke was ISR (95% CI, p=0.002).Conclusions: CAS is a safe and effective procedure for carotid artery stenosis. Although the incidence of complications is low, fatal complication such as hyperperfusion- related ICH can occur. To prevent hyperperfusion-related ICH, several methods such as strict blood pressure (BP) control, intentional less widening of stenotic segment should be used. To prevent ISR or stroke occurrence, special attention should be paid to patients who have ISR or ipsilateral stroke risk factors.
Olfactory receptor neurons generate multiple response motifs, increasing coding space dimensionality
Authors: Kim Brian , Haney Seth , Milan Ana P , Joshi Shruti , Aldworth Zane , Rulkov Nikolai , Kim Alexander T , Bazhenov Maxim , Stopfer Mark A
Published: January 2023

Odorants binding to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) trigger bursts of action potentials, providing the brain with its only experience of the olfactory environment. Our recordings made in vivo from locust ORNs showed that odor-elicited firing patterns comprise four distinct response motifs, each defined by a reliable temporal profile. Different odorants could elicit different response motifs from a given ORN, a property we term motif switching. Further, each motif undergoes its own form of sensory adaptation when activated by repeated plume-like odor pulses. A computational model constrained by our recordings revealed that organizing responses into multiple motifs provides substantial benefits for classifying odors and processing complex odor plumes: each motif contributes uniquely to encode the plume’s composition and structure. Multiple motifs and motif switching further improve odor classification by expanding coding dimensionality. Our model demonstrated that these response features could provide benefits for olfactory navigation, including determining the distance to an odor source.
Effects of lower and upper body fatigue in striking response time of amateur karate athletes
Authors: Rodrigues Júlio Cesar Carvalho , Penna Eduardo Macedo , Machado Hugo Enrico Souza , Sant’Ana Jader , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Coswig Victor S.
Published: January 2023

In combat sports, strikes or counter-strikes response time (RT) can be related to performance and sporting success. Moreover, training sessions are usually highly fatiguing, which is expected to impair basic skills, such as RT. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on punch and kick RTs of karate practitioners. Twelve individuals of both sexes from different levels (three yellow belts, three red belts, two orange belts, two green belts, one brown belt, and one black belt) were selected. Participants were aged 22 ± 3 years old, with a stature of 169.1 ± 6.5 cm, and a body mass of 65.5 ± 10 kg. Six visits were held with each participant. On the first 2 days, the RT of punches and kicks was measured by a validated smartphone app (TReaction). For the subsequent visits, a randomized incremental test for the upper or lower body was adopted as motor fatigue protocol, immediately followed by punches and kicks RT tests, also in random order. For induction of lower and upper body-specific muscle fatigue, the ITStriker app was used, which operates by emitting sound signals transmitted by a smartphone. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed, and significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Regarding the mean punches RT, significant effects between situations for the upper (F(2,22) = 11.5; ω2 = 0.23; p < 0.001) and lower body (F(2,22) = 14.2; ω2 = 0.18; p < 0.001) fatigue protocols were found. The negative effect of the lower body fatigue protocol in punches RT was evident regardless of the order of the tests (punch RT first: Δ = 10.5%; t = 4.4; p < 0.001; d = 1.0; kick RT first: Δ = 11.4%; t = 4.8; p < 0.001; d = 1.1). Regarding mean kicks RT, significant effects were found between situations for the lower (F(2,22) = 16.6; ω2 = 0.27; p < 0.001) but not for the upper (F(2,22) = 2.3; ω2 = 0.02; p = 0.12) body fatigue protocols. Kick RTs were negatively affected by the lower body fatigue protocol regardless of the RT order applied (punch RT first: Δ = 7.5%; t = 3.0; p = 0.01; d = 0.8; kick RT first: Δ = 14.3%; t = 5.7; p < 0.001; d = 1.5). Upper body fatigue does not impair punch or kick RTs. Thus, it is concluded that the specificity of fatigue protocols and striking order should be considered while performing RT demanding techniques in karate practice. Specifically, lower body motor fatigue may impair both kicks and punches RT, which highlights the role of lower limbs in punches performance. Otherwise, upper body motor fatigue seems to induce impairments that are limited to the specific motor actions of this body segment.
The contents of essential and toxic metals in coffee beans and soil in Dale Woreda, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Berego Yohannes Seifu , Sota Solomon Sorsa , Ulsido Mihret , Beyene Embialle Mengistie
Published: February 2023

Background

For developing countries such as Ethiopia, coffee is a commodity of great economic, social, and environmental importance. No detailed investigations have been performed on the contents of essential and toxic metals in coffee beans and soil in this study area.

Methods

The levels of essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) and toxic elements (Pb and Cd) were investigated in coffee beans (coffee growing farmland and coffee washed plants) and soil samples (from farmland) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and flame emission atomic spectroscopy. We selected six (20%) administrative units (kebele) with purposive sampling techniques based on their coffee production capacity in Dale Woreda for soil testing. After coffee sample preparation in a microwave system with HNO3and H2O2 reagents, the accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analysing the digest of the spiked samples. Soil samples were abridged with a slight revision of the EPA 3050B acid digesting method. ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences in the mean concentration of metal within coffee beans from farmland at the various sampled sites at the p < 0.05 significance level. To correlate the effect of one metal concentration on other metals in the coffee bean samples, Pearson correlation matrices were used.

Results

Calcium had the highest concentration (1,355 ± 18.02 mg kg−1) of macroelements in soil samples, followed by K (681.43 ± 1.52 mg kg−1). Similarly, Na (111.63 ± 0.35 mg kg−1), Cu (49.96 ± 0.99 mg kg−1), Co (5.43 ± 0.31 mg kg−1), Mn (0.62 ± 0.238 mg kg−1), Ni (0.194 ± 0.01 mg kg−1), and Zn (0.163 ± 0.007 mg kg−1) were detected among the microelements in the soil samples. Pb and Cr were not detected in all soil samples. Potassium (K) was found to have the highest concentration (99.93 ± 0.037 mg kg−1), followed by Ca (17.23 ± 0.36 mg kg−1), among the macroelements in coffee beans from farmers’ farms. Similar to coffee beans from farmland, samples from washed plants also contained the highest K (77.93 ± 0.115 mg kg−1), followed by Ca (4.33 ± 0.035 mg kg−1). Metal levels in coffee bean samples from farmland are in the following order: K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Ni>Zn. Metal levels were found to be K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Zn>Ni in coffee beans from the washed plants. Co, Cr, Pb and Cd were no detected in all coffee bean samples. Except for calcium, potassium and manganese, the levels of metals in coffee beans from farmland and washed plants were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level within a kebele.

Conclusions

We observed permitted levels of macro- and trace elements in coffee beans from farmlands and washed plants. Only in the soil samples are cadmium concentrations higher than those permitted for agricultural soil recommended by the WHO and FAO. Overall, there is no health danger linked with the use of coffee beans due to detrimental and trace heavy metals.
Influence of dicarboxylic acid polymer in enhancing the growth and productivity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in acidic soil
Authors: Dang Le Van , Hung Ngo Ngoc , Toan Le Phuoc , Ngoc Ngo Phuong
Published: February 2023

The available phosphorus (P) in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is low because of fixation by aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), resulting in decreased P use efficiency and crop yield. At present, the use of dicarboxylic acid polymer (DCAP) coated on P fertilizer is expected to improve P use efficiency and plant productivity. However, the influence of DCAP on P solubility and on the yield of sweet potato cultivated in acidic soils has not been elucidated. Thus, the aimed of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of DCAP-coated P fertilizer on the availability and nutrient uptake of P as well as the yield of sweet potato. Under the greenhouse condition, the use of DCAP significantly improved P availability (~3 mg P kg−1), increasing tuber diameter and length by ~0.5 and ~1.0 cm, respectively. Thus, the productivity of sweet potato in the treatment 40-kg P2O5 and 60-kg P2O5 ha−1 coated with DCAP was higher by about 100 g pot−1 than that in the same rate of P fertilizers (40- and 60-kg P2O5 ha−1) not coated with DCAP. In the field experiment, P accumulation (82.7 kg P2O5 ha−1) and tuber yield (22.0 t ha−1) in the treatment of DCAP-coated with 60-kg P2O5 ha−1 were not significantly different compared with that in the treatment of 80-kg P2O5 ha−1 (82.1 kg P2O5 and 21.7 t ha−1, respectively). Furthermore, the use of DCAP combined with 75% P fertilizer increased the P availability by the same amount as that with the use of 100% P fertilizer. Hence, the use of DCAP reduced about 25% of the chemical P fertilizer applied in soil.
Differential gene expression analysis and physiological response characteristics of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) buds under high-temperature stress
Authors: Wang Hongli , Zhao Jiucheng , Lai Miao , Zhang Yingqing , Qiu Wenwu , Li Yanyan , Tu Hailian , Ling Qichang , Fu Xinfeng
Published: February 2023

High temperature in summer is an unfavorable factor for passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), which can lead to restricted growth, short flowering period, few flower buds, low fruit setting rate, severe fruit drop, and more deformed fruit. To explore the molecular physiology mechanism of passion fruit responding to high-temperature stress, we use ‘Zhuangxiang Mibao’, a hybrid passion fruit cultivar, as the test material. Several physiological indicators were measured and compared between high-temperature (average temperature 38 °C) and normal temperature (average temperature 25 °C) conditions, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, peroxidase activity (POD), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and malondialdehyde content. We performed RNA-seq analysis combined with biochemistry experiment to investigate the gene and molecular pathways that respond to high-temperature stress. The results showed that some physiological indicators in the high-temperature group, including the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and the maximum chemical quantum yield of photosystemII (PSII), were significantly lower than those of the control group. Malondialdehyde content was substantially higher than the control group, while superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased to different degrees. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that 140 genes were up-regulated and 75 genes were down-regulated under high-temperature stress. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed many metabolic pathways related to high-temperature stress. Further investigation revealed that 30 genes might be related to high-temperature stress, such as chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), glutathione (GSH), WRKY transcription factors (WRKY), and heat shock protein (HSP), which have also been reported in other species. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and RNA-seq of randomly selected ten genes are consistent, which suggests that the transcriptome sequencing results were reliable. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of passion fruit response to high-temperature stress. Also, it gives a theoretical basis for the subsequent breeding of new heat-resistant passion fruit varieties.
Dusty clumps in circumbinary discs.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Poblete Rivera Pedro Pablo A.
Published: January 2023

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Effect of Sulphur Nutrition on the Production Potential of Brassica spp.: A Review
Authors: Verma Sudhanshu , Singh Abhishek , Swayamprabha Pradhan Swati , . Pooja , Kumar Vishal , Kumar Vikrant
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the effect of sulphur on yield and quality of oilseed Brassica spp. Sulphur is a crucial nutrient for rapeseed since it is linked to productivity and a number of quality characteristics. It is necessary for the production of protein along with nitrogen and contains considerably higher sulfur-containing amino acids in rapeseed than in other crop plants. Brassicas also need sulphur in order to produce the sulfur-containing chemicals called glucosinolates. Rapeseed has a higher sulphur requirement than other crops, with 20-30 kg S ha-1 removed in the seed, whereas cereals remove only 5-15 kg ha-1. As a result, oilseed rape is especially vulnerable to sulphur shortages. Sulphur is required for the production of chlorophyll within the plant, and deficiency symptoms begin with a slight paling of the leaves and progress to interveinal chlorosis.
Bamboo for Beverage Containers of Legen and Tuak as a Reflection of Local Wisdom of Tuban Society
Authors: Natadjaja Listia , Yuwono Elisabeth Christine
Published: February 2023

Legen and tuak beverage container made of bamboo has different names and functions namely bethek, centhak and ongkek. This study aims to see how people use bamboo as part of local wisdom in the form of legen and tuak container. The society gaining knowledge from living with the nature finds that the functions of a bamboo are being thermal insulation, being a not-easily-broken container, maintaining flavor and aroma, and making the content in it more durable. Apparently, the sustainability of this natural-made packaging is not only due to its function which is tangible but also related to the socio-cultural of the local community especially how they produce, consume and distribute legen and tuak.  In practice, local wisdom of bamboo as legen and tuak beverage containers continuously gives attention to the balance of nature that does not destroy or force the nature to produce more than its capacity, it is inherited from generation to generation, and it is correlated to the culture. It contains the philosophy of self-controlled and sharing.
Resistive Switching of Perovskite‐Type Oxides Using the Hebb–Wagner Polarization Method
Authors: Ahr Nadja , Martin Manfred
Published: January 2023

Resistive switching, the change between a high‐resistive OFF state and a low‐resistive ON state, is well known for thin film oxides sandwiched between two ion‐blocking electrodes. Herein, the possibility for resistive switching in perovskite‐type oxides using the Hebb–Wagner polarization setup that uses an ion‐blocking and a reversible electrode is investigated. The resistive switching behavior is simulated numerically in terms of a defect chemical and transport model that describes the polarization of the model system SrTiO3 between two different electrodes by applying an ac voltage. Corresponding experiments are also performed and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results. It is shown that the Hebb–Wagner setup allows the bulk resistive state to change not only for thin films but also for large sample thicknesses using low maximum voltage values, without the need for initially high voltages to form filaments. The effect of other parameters and phenomena on the switching behavior, like maximum voltage, surface exchange coefficient, sample thickness, and a Schottky contact between an electrode and the semiconducting oxide, is also determined. The experimental results show a high agreement with the numerical simulations, demonstrating that the Hebb–Wagner polarization setup enables bulk resistive switching of perovskite‐type oxides.
In Situ Design of High‐Performance Dual‐Phase GeSe Thermoelectrics by Tailoring Chemical Bonds
Authors: Hu Lipeng , Duan Bingcai , Lyu Tu , Lin Nan , Zhang Chaohua , Liu Fusheng , Li Junqin , Wuttig Matthias , Yu Yuan
Published: January 2023

Composite engineering favors high thermoelectric performance by tuning the carrier and phonon transport. Herein, orthorhombic and rhombohedral dual‐phase GeSe are designed in situ by tailoring chemical bonds. Atom probe tomography verifies the coexistence of a covalently bonded orthorhombic phase and a metavalently bonded rhombohedral phase in GeSe‐InTe alloys. The production of the rhombohedral phase simultaneously increases the carrier concentration, the carrier mobility, the band degeneracy, and the density‐of‐states effective mass due to the reduced formation energy of cation vacancies and the improved crystal symmetry. These attributes are beneficial to a high‐power factor. In addition, the thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced due to the intrinsically strong lattice anharmonicity of the metavalently bonded phase, the interfacial acoustic phonon mismatch across different bonding mechanisms, and the phonon scattering at vacancy‐solute clusters. Moreover, the metavalently bonded phase embraces higher solubility of dopants that enables the further optimization of properties by Cd‐Ag doping, resulting in a zT of 0.95 at 773 K as well as enhanced strength and ductility in dual‐phase Ge0.94Cd0.03Ag0.03Se(InTe)0.15. This work indicates that in situ design of dual‐phase composites by tailoring chemical bonds is an effective method for enhancing the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of GeSe and other p‐bonded chalcogenides.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sense the Toughness of Nanomaterials and Interfaces
Authors: Peng Lihui , Matellan Carlos , Bosch‐Fortea Minerva , Gonzalez‐Molina Jordi , Frigerio Matteo , Salentinig Stefan , del Rio Hernandez Armando , Gautrot Julien E.
Published: January 2023

Stem cells are known to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of biomaterials. In turn, cells exert forces on their environment that can lead to striking changes in shape, size and contraction of associated tissues, and may result in mechanical disruption and functional failure. However, no study has so far correlated stem cell phenotype and biomaterials toughness. Indeed, disentangling toughness‐mediated cell response from other mechanosensing processes has remained elusive as it is particularly challenging to uncouple Youngs' or shear moduli from toughness, within a range relevant to cell‐generated forces. In this report, it is shown how the design of the macromolecular architecture of polymer nanosheets regulates interfacial toughness, independently of interfacial shear storage modulus, and how this controls the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells at liquid interfaces. The viscoelasticity and toughness of poly(l‐lysine) nanosheets assembled at liquid‐liquid interfaces is characterised via interfacial shear rheology. The local (microscale) mechanics of nanosheets are characterised via magnetic tweezer‐assisted interfacial microrheology and the thickness of these assemblies is determined from in situ ellipsometry. Finally, the response of mesenchymal stem cells to adhesion and culture at corresponding interfaces is investigated via immunostaining and confocal microscopy.
pH‐Triggered Release and Degradation Mechanism of Layered Double Hydroxides with High Loading Capacity
Authors: Li Lei , Warszawik Eliza , van Rijn Patrick
Published: January 2023

The loading capacity and strategy of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) determine their suitability for drug delivery applications. In this study, two sizes of MgAl‐CO3 LDHs are converted into MgAl‐NO3 LDHs and MgAl‐Cl LDHs by an acid‐salt method. The influence of the size and type of interlayer anions of LDHs on their loading capacity are studied and compared. Here, Methylene Orange (MO) served as the anionic structure to determine the loading capacity. Due to the strongest anion‐exchange capacity of NO3− and larger interlayer distance of MgAl‐NO3 LDHs, they have impressive high loading capacities, which make these useful as absorbents or drug carriers. Additionally, the pH‐dependent release behaviors of MO‐loaded MgAl‐NO3 LDHs are investigated, which dictates both the release profile and maximum release. Above all, based on the study, it is found that the release of LDHs with agents loaded under mildly acidic environments is not based on its partial dissolution, which is commonly indicated. This study provides a better understanding of the loading and release process of LDHs, which allows for better incorporation of LDHs in biomedical‐related applications.
Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector with Ultrahigh Responsivity based on a Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Modified Polypyrrole/SnO2 Organic/Inorganic p–n Heterojunction
Authors: Fu Shihao , Song Renjing , Wang YueFei , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun
Published: January 2023

Deep ultraviolet monitoring is realized via a high crystal quality SnO2 microwire (MW)‐based photodetector (PD). This is then combined with 2D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGr), conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), and an in situ polymerization‐fabricated composite film PPy‐NGr to construct an organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction PD. The long response time brought on by the oxygen adsorption of SnO2 MW is greatly decreased via coating with the aforementioned materials. A defect response is created by the surface dangling bonds of SnO2 MW, which can be effectively suppressed by the PPy. Absorption in the deep ultraviolet region (<240 nm) by PPy results in a blue shift of the response peak of the PPy/SnO2 heterojunction PD compared to that of a single SnO2 PD. The introduction of NGr improves the detection performance by providing a smoother energy band migration to reduce photogenerated carrier recombination and stacking at the potential barrier. The ultrahigh responsivity of PPy‐NGr/SnO2 PD is 4594.25 A W−1 and the detectivity is 6.47 × 1011 Jones, 40 and nine times greater, respectively, than those of a PPy/SnO2 PD under a 5 V reverse bias and 240‐nm light irradiation (18.75 µW cm−2). The novel strategy provides a reference for the future design of high‐performance heterojunction PDs.
Broiler litter application rate and time impacts on corn ear mineral composition
Authors: Singh Rajveer , Prasad Rishi , Balkcom Kipling , Lamba Jasmeet , Watts Dexter B.
Published: January 2023

The nutrient composition of a corn (Zea MaysL.) ear impacts its nutritional value and potential use as human food and animal feed. Whether the application of broiler litter (BL) can enrich corn ears with supplied mineral elements compared to conventional fertilizers is not well studied. A 2‐year study investigated the mineral composition of corn ears as affected by nutrient source (BL or urea), application rate (0, 168, and 336 kg total N ha−1), and application time (single or split) at three locations in Alabama, USA. Corn ear samples were collected at physiological maturity each year and analyzed for the total nutrient contents of 11 mineral elements. Regardless of application rate and application time, BL did not increase any elemental concentrations in the corn ear. Corn fertilized with urea had the highest corn ear concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) across all locations. Corn ear N concentration depended on the soil's level of plant‐available N (PAN). Corn ear concentrations of P, K, and other mineral elements were not dependent on their soil levels but the corn ear N concentration. Thus, growing corn with an adequate supply of PAN in soil, irrespective of the source ensures maximum accumulation of corn ear N and other mineral elements.
Ultra‐fast One‐Handed Helix Induction and Its Static Helicity Memory in a Poly(biphenylylacetylene) with a Catalytic Amount of Chiral Ammonium Salts
Authors: Fukuda Mayu , Morikawa Mai , Hirose Daisuke , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Nishimura Tatsuya , Yashima Eiji , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: January 2023

We report an ultra‐fast helix induction and subsequent static helicity memory in poly(biphenylylacetylene) (PBPA‐A) assisted by a catalytic amount of nonracemic ammonium salts comprised of non‐coordinating tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (BArF−) as a counter anion. The remarkable acceleration of the helix‐induction rate in PBPA‐A accompanied by the significant amplification of the asymmetry relies on the two methoxymethoxy groups of the biphenyl pendants, which can gain access to enfold the chiral ammoniums in a crown‐ether manner in specific aromatic solvents, leading to ultra‐fast helicity induction, which is completed within 30 s. In aromatic solvents, helicity memory is lost rapidly, but is quite stable in long‐chain hydrocarbons. The best use of specific solvents for helicity induction and static helicity memory, respectively, provides a highly sensitive chirality sensing system toward a small amount of chiral amines and amino acids when complexed with BArF−.
Antibacterial Nanomaterials: Mechanisms, Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Design Principles
Authors: Xie Maomao , Gao Meng , Yun Yang , Malmsten Martin , Rotello Vincent M. , Zboril Radek , Akhavan Omid , Kraskouski Aliaksandr , Amalraj John , Cai Xiaoming , Lu Jianmei , Zheng Huizhen , Li Ruibin
Published: January 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to the environment and health. AMR rapidly invalidates conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial nanomaterials have been increasingly explored as alternatives. Interestingly, several antimicrobial nanomaterials show AMR‐independent antimicrobial effects without detectable new resistance and have therefore been suggested to prevent AMR evolution. In contrast, some are found to trigger the evolution of AMR. Given these seemingly conflicting findings, a timely discussion of the two faces of antimicrobial nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review systematically compares the killing mechanisms and structure‐activity relationships of antibiotics and antimicrobial nanomaterials. We then focus on nano‐microbe interactions to elucidate the impacts of molecular initiating events on AMR evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook on future antimicrobial nanomaterials and propose design principles for the prevention of AMR evolution.
ATP‐Independent and Cell‐Free Biosynthesis of β‐Hydroxy Acids Using Vinyl Esters as Smart Substrates
Authors: Orrego Alejandro H. , Rubanu Maria Grazia , López Idania L. , Andrés‐Sanz Daniel , García‐Marquina Guillermo , Pieslinger German E. , Salassa Luca , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: January 2023

In vitro biosynthetic pathways that condense and reduce molecules through coenzyme A (CoASH) activation demand energy and redox power in the form of ATP and NAD(P)H, respectively. These coenzymes must be orthogonally recycled by ancillary reactions that consume chemicals, electricity, or light, impacting the atom economy and/or the energy consumption of the biosystem. In this work, we have exploited vinyl esters as dual acyl and electron donor substrates to synthesize β‐hydroxy acids through a non‐decarboxylating Claisen condensation, reduction and hydrolysis stepwise cascade, including a NADH recycling step, catalyzed by a total of 4 enzymes. Herein, the chemical energy to activate the acyl group with CoASH and the redox power for the reduction are embedded into the vinyl esters. Upon optimization, this self‐sustaining cascade reached a titer of (S)‐3‐hydroxy butyrate of 24 mM without requiring ATP and simultaneously recycling CoASH and NADH. This work illustrates the potential of in vitro biocatalysis to transform simple molecules into multi‐functional ones.
Chemical Enhancement and Quenching in Single‐Molecule Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Ben , Chen Gong , Ghafoor Atif , Zhang Yu‐Fan , Zhang Xian‐Biao , Li Hang , Dong Xiao‐Ru , Wang Rui‐Pu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yao , Dong Zhen‐Chao
Published: January 2023

Despite intensive research in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), the influence mechanism of chemical effects on Raman signals remains elusive. Here, we investigate such chemical effects through tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) of a single planar ZnPc molecule with varying but controlled contact environments. TERS signals are found dramatically enhanced upon making a tip–molecule point contact. A combined physico‐chemical mechanism is proposed to explain such an enhancement via the generation of a ground‐state charge‐transfer induced vertical Raman polarizability that is further enhanced by the strong vertical plasmonic field in the nanocavity. In contrast, TERS signals from ZnPc chemisorbed flatly on substrates are found strongly quenched, which is rationalized by the Raman polarizability screening effect induced by interfacial dynamic charge transfer. Our results provide deep insights into the understanding of the chemical effects in TERS/SERS enhancement and quenching.