bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selling substitute goods to loss‐averse consumers: limited availability, bargains, and rip‐offs
Authors: Rosato Antonio
Published: July 2016

This article derives the optimal pricing and product‐availability strategies for a retailer selling two substitute goods to loss‐averse consumers and shows that limited‐availability sales manipulate consumers into an ex ante unfavorable purchase. The seller maximizes profits by raising the consumers' reference point through a tempting discount on a good available only in limited supply (the bargain), and cashing in with a high price on the other (the rip‐off), which consumers buy if the bargain is not available to reduce their disappointment. The seller might prefer to offer a deal on the more valuable product, using it as a bait.
Demand or productivity: what determines firm growth?
Authors: Pozzi Andrea , Schivardi Fabiano
Published: July 2016

We disentangle the contribution of unobserved heterogeneity in demand and productivity to firm growth using Italian data containing unique information on firm‐level prices. Demand and total factor productivity (TFP) shocks are equally important in shaping firm growth. However, the pass‐through of shocks to growth is highly incomplete, more so for productivity shocks. We argue that incompleteness and asymmetry of the pass‐through can be explained by frictions that, unlike those studied by the literature on factor misallocation, have differential effects according to the nature of the shock. We propose hurdles to firms' ability to reorganize as an example of these types of frictions.
The US as an example of how not to legalize marijuana?
Authors: Caulkins Jonathan P. , Kilmer Beau
Published: July 2016

Commentary to: Considering marijuana legalization carefully: insights for other jurisdictions from analysis for Vermont
The prevalence and predictors of subsyndromal anxiety and depression in adult Asian cancer patients across the first year of diagnosis
Authors: Mahendran Rathi , Lim Haikel A , Tan Joyce YS , Kua Ee Heok , Griva Konstadina
Published: July 2016

Aim

There is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in Asian patients diagnosed with cancers; these are known to interfere with treatment, treatment adherence and mortality. This study sought to investigate the prevalence and predictors of subsyndromal anxiety and depression in first‐year Asian cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 206 patients newly diagnosed with cancer in Singapore completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1 (baseline; on average 2 months post‐diagnosis), T2 (3 months post‐baseline) and T3 (6 months post‐baseline). Subsyndromal anxiety and depression were identified using locally validated cut‐offs (HADS‐A ≥5 and HADS‐D ≥7). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using baseline predictors.

Results

Across the three time points, 68–69% of participants were identified as having subsyndromal anxiety and close to 27–38% participants were identified as having subsyndromal depression. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed a lack of predictors for T1 subsyndromal anxiety and depression. Participants with late/metastatic stages of cancer were almost four times as likely to suffer from subsyndromal anxiety at T2. Single participants had a 75% lowered odds, but those living in three to four room public housing were close to four times as likely to suffer from subsyndromal depression at T2. Older patients and those who had undergone surgery were found to significantly suffer from subsyndromal depression at T3.

Conclusion

The significant levels of depression and anxiety coupled with the lack of consistent predictors across the first year following cancer diagnosis further underscore the importance of careful assessment and clinician‐vigilance in recognizing and identifying Asian patients who may express these emotional sequelae following the cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of patients’ pathophysiological and psychological responses and individual strengths and coping skills are thus essential.
Absent Regions: Spaces of Financialisation in the Arab World
Authors: Hanieh Adam
Published: July 2016

This paper examines processes of financialisation in the Arab world, a region that has been almost completely absent from the wider financial literature. The paper shows that financialisation is much more than simply the expansion of financial markets within neatly bounded sets of social relations operating at the national scale. In the Arab world, financialisation has been marked by the growing weight of regional finance capital—most specifically, those capital groups based in the Gulf Cooperation Council—in circuits of capital operating at all scales. This has important implications for processes of class and state formation. Approaching financialisation in this manner—moving away from methodologically nationalist assumptions and the literature's largely singular focus on the advanced capitalist core—brings into focus the significance of cross‐scalar accumulation patterns, their spatial hierarchies, and geographic unevenness. The paper thus reaffirms the need for a more spatially sensitive approach to financialisation.
Increasing incidence of postpartum hemorrhage: the Dutch piece of the puzzle
Authors: van Stralen Giel , von Schmidt auf Altenstadt Joost F. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M. , van Roosmalen Jos , Hukkelhoven Chantal W.P.M.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

An increase of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has been reported in many high‐income countries. In addition to this data, this study reports on trends in the incidence of PPH in the Netherlands in 2000–2013, and examines the extent to which temporal changes in risk indicators could explain a possible change in incidence of PPH.

Material and methods

We used data from the Dutch Perinatal Registry, which contains prospectively collected antenatal, peripartum and neonatal data of 95–99% of all women and neonates in the Netherlands. We selected births ≥22 weeks of gestation from January 2000 until December 2013. Changes in the incidence of PPH and its risk indicators were studied over time. Main outcome measure was PPH, defined as blood loss >1000 mL within 24 h following delivery.

Results

The data comprised 2 406 784 women. The incidence of PPH rose significantly from 4.1% in 2000 to 6.4% in 2013 (p < 0.0001). The incidence of previously identified risk indicators for PPH increased over time. Manual removal of placenta was strongly associated with PPH (OR 29.3, CI 28.8–29.8). The incidence of PPH‐related blood transfusion decreased remarkably.

Conclusions

In line with international observations, Dutch data suggest a considerable increase in the incidence of PPH which can only partly be explained by the studied risk indicators. The decreasing incidence of obstetric blood transfusion suggests an increased incidence of blood loss of 1000–1500 mL.
Anatomy of a boom: Cassava as a ‘gateway’ crop in Cambodia's north eastern borderland
Authors: Mahanty Sango , Milne Sarah
Published: July 2016

This paper examines how a boom in industrial cassava served as a ‘gateway’ to intensify capitalist relations in Cambodia's north eastern borderland. Situated on Cambodia's border with Vietnam, Mondulkiri province has experienced a rapid increase in cassava production and trade since 2006, with transformative consequences for the region's forests and farmers. Using field data from 2012 to 2014, we explore how the boom ignited and intensified over time, through a conjuncture of conditions. Alongside strong market demand for cassava, these included resource abundance (soil fertility, timber, land, labour), connectivity to markets and cross border networks, and facilitative governance conditions. Over time, the boom strengthened capitalist relations, particularly through farmer debt and the revalorisation and accumulation of land. However, unlike booms of tree crops elsewhere, we argue that it is the veryimpermanenceof cassava that is formative here, because the crop's short‐term nature and low overheads facilitate practices like land laundering and land mortgaging. Like the ‘gateway drugs’ that were believed to place users on a path to addiction and risk, this paper shows that gateway crops such as cassava may similarly place farmers on a trajectory of more intense competition and reduced choice in their engagements with capitalist modes of production.
Preventive health care of Pony Club horses in rural New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Buckley P , Buckley D , Coleman GT , Morton JM
Published: July 2016

Objective

To describe preventive health care provided to a cohort of Pony Club horses in rural New South Wales, Australia, and the associated veterinary involvement.

Design

Prospective longitudinal study

Methods

Observational data collected for 48 Pony Club horses using daily owner‐kept diaries and monthly veterinary visits for 9–12 months.

Results

Frequency of healthcare events varied markedly between the horses; 54% of horses received 5 or more foot‐care treatments, 69% received 1–3 anthelmintic treatments, 40% received dental care, 21% received chiropractic care; only 8% were vaccinated. Farriers and owners administered most of the health care. Veterinarians were infrequently involved, administering 2 of the 111 anthelmintic administrations and 2 of the 244 foot‐care treatments. No annual health checks or prepurchase examinations were recorded. All dental care was provided by non‐veterinary dentists. Horse turnover appeared quick, with 54% of horses acquired within the previous 12 months.

Conclusion

The majority of preventive health care was provided by farriers and the owners themselves. The type and frequency of healthcare events varied markedly and most commonly involved foot care and anthelmintic administration. The reasons for the lack of veterinary involvement are unclear. Veterinarians engaging with Pony Club families in a preventive context would likely bring health benefits to this population of horses. This may require adaptation of existing veterinary services to meet the demands of this unique population of horses and young riders. Furthermore, epidemiological studies are required to describe the effects of various preventive healthcare interventions on subsequent and long‐term horse health.
Postpartum anoestrus in five seasonally‐calving dairy farms in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Plozza KL , Beggs DS , Mansell PD , Stevenson MA , Blackwood CB , Pyman MF
Published: July 2016

Objective

A cross‐sectional study of seasonally‐calving dairy cows in south‐western Victoria to quantify the prevalence of anoestrus and to assess the effect of body condition score (BCS), days in milk (DIM) at mating start date (MSD) and age on the likelihood of being diagnosed as anoestrus.

Methods

Age, DIM and BCS details were collected from 1795 cycling and 1399 cows diagnosed as anoestrus in five seasonally‐calving dairy herds in Victoria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the association between BCS, DIM and age and the probability of being diagnosed as anoestrus.

Results

The apparent prevalence of anoestrus in cows that took part in the study was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42–46%). The risk of anoestrus increased with decreases in DIM and BCS. There was a significant interaction between BCS and DIM. For cows >90 DIM at MSD (the reference category) the odds of anoestrus in cows with BCS <4.00 was 8.05‐fold (95% CI 3.2–20.2) that of cows of BCS ≥4.50. The risk of anoestrus decreased with increases in cow age. Cows aged 2 and 3–5 years had 2.4‐fold (95% CI 1.79–3.22) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.11–1.77) odds of anoestrus, respectively, compared with cows aged ≥6 years.

Conclusion

Reproductive management to maximise the number of days calved at MSD and nutritional management to ensure cows are in BCS >4.5 at mating will reduce the prevalence of anoestrus in Victorian dairy herds.
Podocalyxin‐like protein, linked to poor prognosis of pancreatic cancers, promotes cell invasion by binding to gelsolin
Authors: Taniuchi Keisuke , Furihata Mutsuo , Naganuma Seiji , Dabanaka Ken , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Saibara Toshiji
Published: July 2016

The cell‐adhesion glycoprotein PODXL is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype in several forms of cancer. Here, we report that high PODXL expression was an independent predictor of worse overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, and that PODXL promoted pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasion by physically binding to the cytoskeletal protein gelsolin. Suppression of PODXL or gelsolin decreased membrane protrusions with abundant peripheral actin structures, and in turn inhibited cell motility and invasion. Transfection of a PODXL‐rescue construct renewed the expression of gelsolin bound to peripheral actin structures in cell protrusions, and abrogated the decreased cell protrusions caused by the knockdown of PODXL. Furthermore, transfection of a PODXL‐rescue construct into pancreatic cancer cells in which both PODXL and gelsolin were suppressed failed to increase the formation of the protrusions. Thus, PODXL enhances motility and invasiveness through an increase in gelsolin–actin interactions in cell protrusions.
Deviations of different systems for guided implant surgery
Authors: Laederach V. , Mukaddam K. , Payer M. , Filippi A. , Kühl S.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

To compare the deviation of different systems for Guided Implant Surgery (GIS) related to the specific tolerance between drills and sleeves.

Material and methods

Four different systems for GIS and their appropriate sleeves were used: Camlog Guide (CG), Straumann Guided Surgery (SG), SIC Guide (SIG), and NobelGuide (NG). System‐appropriate metal sleeves were inserted into plexiglass boxes, and guided drilling procedure was performed (i) holding the drills in the most centric position of the sleeves and (ii) applying forces eccentrically. Digital microscope images of the plexiglass boxes were taken and axial deviations were calculated based on the Pythagorean Theorem, whereas coronal and apical deviations were measured with a corresponding software‐device and calculated by subtracting the measured deviations from the original diameter of the drills. Statistically significant differences between centric and eccentric drilling were determined applying the t‐test for independent data.

Results

The axial deviation ranged from 0° (SG) to 5.64° (CG). The apical deviations varied between 0.01 mm (SIG) and 3.2 mm (NG) and the coronal deviations ranged from 0.01 mm (SIG) to 1.60 mm (NG). In terms of angular deviation, there were statistically significant differences between centric and eccentric drilling for all four systems. Coronal and apical deviations, showed no statistical significance between centric and eccentric drilling for SIG and NG, in contrast to CG and SG.

Conclusions

The clinician may have considerable impact on the accuracy of GIS when applying eccentric forces.
Endoscopic treatment of idiopathic subglottic stenosis with digital AcuBlade robotic microsurgery system
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Mazzone Salvatore , Costa Giuseppe , Santini Mario
Published: July 2016

Herein, we described a novel method as the use of AcuBlade robotic microsurgery system to manage idiopathic subglottic stenosis in a 73‐y‐old lady. Compared to traditional CO2 lasers, AcuBlade facilitated the scar resection by the generation of different shape of beams (straight, curved, or disk). The same setting used for phonomicrosurgery (1‐mm beam length, power of 10 W and pulse duration of 0.05‐s) allowed to obtain fast, long, and uniform cuts. In addition, the reduction of the number of laser passes over the same area prevented injury of adjacent tissue and thus reduced the risk of recurrence.
Vascular effects of linagliptin in non‐obese diabetic mice are glucose‐independent and involve positive modulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1) pathway
Authors: Vellecco Valentina , Mitidieri Emma , Gargiulo Antonella , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Matassa Danilo , Klein Thomas , Esposito Franca , Cirino Giuseppe , Bucci Mariarosaria
Published: July 2016

Aim

To test the effect of linagliptin in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a murine model of type 1 diabetes, to unveil a possible direct cardiovascular action of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors beyond glycaemia control.

Methods

NOD mice were grouped according to glycosuria levels as NODI: none; NODII: high; NODIII: severe. Linagliptin treatment was initiated once they reached NODII levels. Vascular reactivity was assessed ex vivo on aorta harvested from mice upon reaching NODIII level. In a separate set of experiments, the effect of linagliptin was tested directly in vitro on vessels harvested from untreated NODIII, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor knockout and soluble guanylyl cyclase‐α1 knockout mice. Molecular and cellular studies were performed on endothelial and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐transfected cells.

Results

In this ex vivo vascular study, endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation was ameliorated and eNOS/nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) signalling was enhanced. In the in vitro vascular study, linagliptin exerted a direct vasodilating activity on vessels harvested from both normo‐ or hyperglycaemic mice. The effect was independent from GLP‐1/GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) interaction and required eNOS/NO/sGC pathway activation. Molecular studies performed on endothelial cells show that linagliptin rescues eNOS from caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1)‐binding in a calcium‐independent manner.

Conclusion

Linagliptin, by interfering with the protein–protein interaction CAV‐1/eNOS, led to an increased eNOS availability, thus enhancing NO production. This mechanism accounts for the vascular effect of linagliptin that is independent from glucose control and GLP‐1/GLP‐1R interaction.
Evaluation of new laboratory tests to discriminate bacterial from nonbacterial chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Authors: van de Geijn G.‐J. M. , Denker S. , Meuleman‐van Waning V. , Koeleman H. G. M. , Birnie E. , Braunstahl G.‐J. , Njo T. L.
Published: July 2016

Introductions

Discriminating bacterial from nonbacterial acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is difficult, causing antibiotics overuse and bacterial resistance. Sputum cultures are of limited use because results take time. In our hospital, only leukocyte concentration and CRP are laboratory parameters evaluated in AECOPD. We evaluated additional tests to discriminate bacterial vs. nonbacterial AECOPD: 5‐part leukocyte differentiation (hematology analyzer), leukocyte differentiation using flow cytometry (Leukoflow, Cytodiff), Leuko64 kit, and procalcitonin.

Methods

Retrospectively, patients were classified as bacterial or nonbacterial AECOPD. ROC analyses tested how the additional tests discriminate these groups.

Results

Twenty‐two AECOPD were classified as bacterial and 23 as nonbacterial. From the additional tests, basophil percentage (Cytodiff) has superior AUC (0.800). At a cutoff resulting in ≥90% sensitivity, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (AUC:0.755) and CD4‐positive T cells (Leukoflow, AUC:0.747) have the highest specificity (57%). Both neutrophil mean volume and standard deviation (Cell Population Data, DxH800 hematology analyzer) had good combined sensitivity and specificity (AUC:0.846/0.804, 91% sensitivity, 69% specificity). Addition of leukocyte populations and procalcitonin to CRP in regression models (AUC: 0.907/0.876/0.890) increased specificity compared to CRP alone (71% or 73% vs. 39%).

Conclusion

No additional test has sufficient accuracy on its own to predict bacterial AECOPD. Combining CRP with several parameters from the additional tests may improve this.
A novel approach for BCR‐ABL1 standardization to improve International Scale estimation
Authors: Maes B. , Bakkus M. , Boeckx N. , Boone E. , Cauwelier B. , Denys B. , De Schouwer P. , Devos T. , El Housni H. , Hillen F. , Jacobs K. , Lambert F. , Louagie H. , Maes M.‐B. , Meeus P. , Moreau E. , Nollet F. , Peeters K. , Saussoy P. , Van Lint P. , Vaerman J.‐L. , Vaeyens F. , Vandepoele K. , Vannuffel P. , Ver Elst K. , Vermeulen K. , Bruyndonckx R. ,   the Belgian working group on BCR‐ABL1 IS standardization
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Standardization of BCR‐ABL1 messenger RNA quantification by real‐time PCR on the International Scale (IS) is critical for monitoring therapy response in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Since 2006, BCR‐ABL1 IS standardization is propagated along reference laboratories by calculating a laboratory‐specific conversion factor (CF), co‐ordinated in Europe through the European Treatment and Outcome Study project. Although this process has proven successful to some extent, it has not been achievable for all laboratories due to the complexity of the process and the stringent requirements in terms of numbers of samples to be exchanged. In addition, several BCR‐ABL1 IS quantification methods and secondary reference materials became commercially available. However, it was observed that different IS methods generate consistently different results.

Methods

To overcome these difficulties, we have developed an alternative and simple approach of CF calculation, based on the retrospective analysis of existing external quality assessment (EQA) data. Our approach does not depend on the exchange of samples and is solely based on the mathematical CF calculation using EQA results.

Results and conclusion

We have demonstrated by thorough statistical validation that this approach performs well in converting BCR‐ABL1 measurements to improve IS estimation. In expectation of a true golden standard method for BCR‐ABL1 IS quantification, the proposed method is a valuable alternative.
Kind to kin: weak interference competition among white stork Ciconia ciconia broodmates
Authors: Romero José María , Redondo Tomás
Published: July 2016

Altricial nestlings in structured families show a diverse array of behavioural mechanisms to compete for food, ranging from signalling scrambles to aggressive interference. Rates of filial infanticide are moderately high in white storks. It has been hypothesized that this unusual behaviour is an adaptive parental response to the absence of efficient mechanisms of brood reduction (aggression or direct physical interference) by nestlings. To test this latter assumption, we analyzed video recordings of 41 complete feeding episodes at 32 broods during the first half of the nestling period, when nestlings complete 90% of growth and chick mortality and size asymmetries are highest. Parents delivered food to all nestlings simultaneously by regurgitating on the nest floor. No direct (bill to bill) feeding was recorded. Senior nestlings were never observed to limit their junior nestlings from eating food, either by aggression or physical interference. Experimental feeding tests revealed that heavier nestlings handled prey items more efficiently and ate food at a higher speed. The high degree of tolerance shown by senior nestlings is unusual among birds with similar ecological and phylogenetic affinities, such as herons. Tolerance by seniors cannot be easily explained by absence of parental favouritism or proximate factors known to affect the occurrence of sibling aggression in other species (rate of food transfer, brood size, hatching asynchrony or length of nestling period).
The Science of Salt: A Regularly Updated Systematic Review of Salt and Health Outcomes (August to November 2015)
Authors: Wong Michelle M.Y. , Arcand JoAnne , Leung Alexander A. , Raj Thout Sudhir , Trieu Kathy , Santos Joseph Alvin , Campbell Norm R.C.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this review was to systematically identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt relating to health outcomes that were published from August to November 2015. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Overall, 15 studies were included in the review: one study assessed cardiovascular events, five studies assessed blood pressure or hypertension incidence, six studies assessed surrogate outcomes for cardiovascular or kidney diseases, and three studies assessed other outcomes (age‐related cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone mineral density, respectively). Four studies were selected for detailed appraisal and commentary.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (SG‐PAID‐C) among high‐risk polypharmacy patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Singapore
Authors: Siaw Melanie Yee Lee , Tai Bik‐Wai Bilvick , Lee Joyce Yu‐Chia
Published: July 2016

Aims/Introduction

Undetected diabetes distress is a cause of concern. However, the lack of a validated questionnaire is a barrier to screening for diabetes distress. The aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (SG‐PAID‐C), and its association with sociodemographic and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study was carried out in four outpatient healthcare institutions in Singapore. Chinese‐speaking patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, polypharmacy, and multiple comorbidities were administered theSG‐PAID‐C and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions questionnaires as quality of life measures. The factorial construct, convergent validity and internal consistency ofSG‐PAID‐C were evaluated.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three‐factor structure ofSG‐PAID‐C with subscales on emotional‐ and management‐related problem (11 items), ability to cope with diabetes problem (3 items) and support‐related problem (2 items). The findings also showed good model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis, and provided support for the construct and convergent validity ofSG‐PAID‐C. Overall, the internal consistency ofSG‐PAID‐C was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.900). Sex and duration of diabetes were positively associated with the 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C, whereas age and type of antidiabetic agents were inversely associated with the 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C.

Conclusions

The 16‐itemSG‐PAID‐C is a valid and reliable instrument for use among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Singapore. Future studies on its clinical utility should be carried out.
Temporal stability and rates of post‐depositional change in geochemical signatures of brown trout Salmo trutta scales
Authors: Ryan D. , Shephard S. , Kelly F. L.
Published: July 2016

This study investigates temporal stability in the scale microchemistry of brown trout Salmo trutta in feeder streams of a large heterogeneous lake catchment and rates of change after migration into the lake. Laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify the elemental concentrations of Na, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ba and Sr in archived (1997–2002) scales of juvenile S. trutta collected from six major feeder streams of Lough Mask, County Mayo, Ireland. Water‐element Ca ratios within these streams were determined for the fish sampling period and for a later period (2013–2015). Salmo trutta scale Sr and Ba concentrations were significantly (P < 0·05) correlated with stream water sample Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios respectively from both periods, indicating multi‐annual stability in scale and water‐elemental signatures. Discriminant analysis of scale chemistries correctly classified 91% of sampled juvenile S. trutta to their stream of origin using a cross‐validated classification model. This model was used to test whether assumed post‐depositional change in scale element concentrations reduced correct natal stream classification of S. trutta in successive years after migration into Lough Mask. Fish residing in the lake for 1–3 years could be reliably classified to their most likely natal stream, but the probability of correct classification diminished strongly with longer lake residence. Use of scale chemistry to identify natal streams of lake S. trutta should focus on recent migrants, but may not require contemporary water chemistry data.
Reproductive strategy of the Patagonian catfish Hatcheria macraei
Authors: Chiarello‐Sosa J. M. , Battini M. A. , Barriga J. P.
Published: July 2016

This study describes the reproductive strategy of the stream‐dwelling catfish Hatcheria macraei in the Pichileufu River, Argentina. Gonad maturity phases, classified on the basis of histological analysis, stages of gamete development and the frequency distribution of oocyte size, were correlated with macroscopic features of the gonads. Hatcheria macraei has a cystovarian ovary, asynchronous oocyte development and lobular testes. Five oocyte and four spermatogenic stages were identified and related to macroscopic gonad characteristics, making it possible to divide gonad development into five phases for females and males. Mature oocyte diameter ranged from 922 to 1935 µm. Absolute fecundity in mature females varied from 115 to 480 oocytes. Hatcheria macraei has multiple spawning during a protracted reproductive season that extends from December to April. This, together with its small size, is characteristic of an opportunistic reproductive strategy, commonly found in species that inhabit adverse and unpredictable environments, such as the low‐order rivers of Patagonia.
Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics and the Problem of Equivalence: Proposal for a Comparative Framework
Authors: Boons Frank , Chertow Marian , Park Jooyoung , Spekkink Wouter , Shi Han
Published: July 2016

Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the founding notions within the field of industrial ecology, has diffused throughout significant parts of the world as a practice that can reduce the ecological impact of the industrial processes of groups of firms. In this article, we propose a fresh look at this research topic, building on the considerable advances that have been made in the last 15 years in understanding how IS comes about. We propose a conceptual and theoretical framework for taking on the challenge of comparative analysis at a global level. This requires developing an approach to address a solution to the problem of equivalence: the difficulty of comparing instances of IS across different institutional contexts. The proposed framework emphasizes IS as a process and attempts to address the obstacles to comparative study by (1) identifying terminology to examine IS variants, (2) providing a typology of IS dynamics, and (3) formulating key research questions to illuminate a way forward. In developing our argument, we build on the collective experiences of collaborative research efforts in North America, Europe, and Asia as evidenced in recent overviews of the literature.
Steady, dynamic and structural deformation (three interval thixotropy test) characteristics of gluten‐free Tarhana soup prepared with different concentrations of quinoa flour
Authors: Demir M. Kürşat , Kutlu Gözde , Yilmaz Mustafa T.
Published: July 2016

Celiac disease is among the most important health problems and the most important feature of this disease is its being the only lifelong food allergy. To overcome this problem, some gluten‐free and starch based food products have been generally introduced to the market; however, these products are starch based with low nutritive value. Therefore, it is important to enrich such products for individuals who are obliged to be nourished by gluten‐free diet. In this study, wheat flour was replaced with quinoa flour (QF) in the production of tarhana. The objective of this work was to investigate the steady shear, viscoelastic and deformation and recovery properties (applying three interval thixotropy test (3ITT)) of gluten‐free tarhana soups prepared with different concentrations of QF (40%, 50%, and 60%). It was found that the soups fitted well (R2 > 0.99) Ostwald de Waele model and exhibited shear thinning behavior. Besides, elastic properties dominated the viscous properties. Although the maximum deformation and recovery were determined at 40% concentration level, minimum deformation and recovery properties were specified at 60% concentration level. The results suggest that QF can be used in gluten‐free tarhana formulations to enhance rheological properties.

Practical applications

Malnutrition is currently widespread in many areas of the world. Therefore, it must be focused on the cheap, but nutritious plant protein and mineral sources, such as legume and cereals. Several recent studies have showed the successful formulation of pseudocereal containing cereal based products. Tarhana is a traditional fermented food made of mainly a mixture cereal and yoghurt. Tarhana or tarhana‐like products have been enriched or replaced with cereal and pseudocereal. In this research, the applicability of QF in traditional tarhana production were investigated. As a result, it is advisable to replace wheat flour with QF in products such as tarhana, couscous, noodle and pasta formulation for nutritional and sensory properties enrichment. The results suggest that QF can be used in gluten‐free tarhana formulations to enhance rheological properties.
Introduction to the Special Issue: New and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Linguistic Relativity
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panos , Bylund Emanuel , Casasanto Daniel
Published: July 2016

This Special Issue of Language Learning presents an interdisciplinary state‐of‐the‐art overview of current approaches to linguistic relativity. It contains empirical and theoretical studies and reflections on linguistic relativity from a variety of perspectives, such as associative learning, conceptual transfer, multilingual awareness, perceptual learning, semantic priming, and neurophysiology. This introduction presents the context and rationale of the Special Issue.
The Embodied Narrative Nature of Learning: Nurture in School
Authors: Delafield‐Butt Jonathan T. , Adie Jillian
Published: July 2016

Learning is participatory and embodied. It requires active participation from both teacher and learner to come together to co‐create shared projects of discovery that allow meaning to unfold and develop between them. This article advances theory on the intersubjective and embodied nature of cognition and meaning‐making as constituted by co‐created narrative units. Learning within embodied narrative episodes incorporate affective, energetic, and intentional components to produce schemas of engagement that structure knowledge and become units held in memory. We examine two cases of nonverbal narrative patterns of engagement between teacher and child within Nurture Group practice, a special pedagogy that attunes to the affects and interests of children. Analysis of these cases reveal patterns that established shared rhythm, affect, and body movement between teacher and child, which, on completion, generated shared joy and learning. Thus, we identify an embodied, co‐created narrative structure of embodied cognition essential for learning and participatory meaning‐making.
Rapid adaptation to climate change
Authors: Hancock Angela M.
Published: July 2016

In recent years, amid growing concerns that changing climate is affecting species distributions and ecosystems, predicting responses to rapid environmental change has become a major goal. In this issue, Franks and colleagues take a first step towards this objective (Franks et al. 2016). They examine genomewide signatures of selection in populations of Brassica rapa after a severe multiyear drought. Together with other authors, Franks had previously shown that flowering time was reduced after this particular drought and that the reduction was genetically encoded. Now, the authors have sequenced previously stored samples to compare allele frequencies before and after the drought and identify the loci with the most extreme shifts in frequencies. The loci they identify largely differ between populations, suggesting that different genetic variants may be responsible for reduction in flowering time in the two populations.
Synergistic targeted inhibition of MEK and dual PI3K/mTOR diminishes viability and inhibits tumor growth of canine melanoma underscoring its utility as a preclinical model for human mucosal melanoma
Authors: Wei Bih‐Rong , Michael Helen T. , Halsey Charles H.C. , Peer Cody J. , Adhikari Amit , Dwyer Jennifer E. , Hoover Shelley B. , El Meskini Rajaa , Kozlov Serguei , Weaver Ohler Zoe , Figg William. D. , Merlino Glenn , Simpson R. Mark
Published: July 2016

Human mucosal melanoma (MM), an uncommon, aggressive and diverse subtype, shares characteristics with spontaneous MM in dogs. Although BRAF and N‐RAS mutations are uncommon in MM in both species, the majority of human and canine MM evaluated exhibited RAS/ERK and/or PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Canine MM cell lines, with varying ERK and AKT/mTOR activation levels reflective of naturally occurring differences in dogs, were sensitive to the MEK inhibitor GSK1120212 and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP‐BEZ235. The two‐drug combination synergistically decreased cell survival in association with caspase 3/7 activation, as well as altered expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and Bcl‐2 family proteins. In combination, the two drugs targeted their respective signaling pathways, potentiating reduction of pathway mediators p‐ERK, p‐AKT, p‐S6, and 4E‐BP1 in vitro, and in association with significantly inhibited solid tumor growth in MM xenografts in mice. These findings provide evidence of synergistic therapeutic efficacy when simultaneously targeting multiple mediators in melanoma with Ras/ERK and PI3K/mTOR pathway activation.
Ultrasonography of the internal carotid artery during therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Fukuda Sumio , Tanimura Tomoshige , Iwaki Toshihiko , Higuchi Machiko , Suyama Megumi , Goto Tomoki , Koide Wakato , Maki Kanemasa , Ushijima Katsumi , Ban Kyoko
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of mean blood flow velocity (mean V) in the internal carotid artery (ICA) for prediction of outcome in infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) exposed to therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Five newborns with HIE who met the criteria for TH were enrolled. Ultrasonography of the right and left ICA was performed before, during, and after TH. Mean V of the sampling point in each ICA was measured. Mean V was suppressed during TH and increased after rewarming in four infants with normal neurological development. In one infant with neurological disability, however, mean V increased during TH and decreased after therapy. In conclusion, cervical ultrasonography for ICA in infants during TH may be useful for the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome.
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and N5,N10‐Methenyltetrahydrofolate are the in planta Cofactors of Arabidopsis thaliana Cryptochrome 3
Authors: Göbel Tanja , Reisbacher Stefan , Batschauer Alfred , Pokorny Richard
Published: July 2016

Members of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) of proteins utilize noncovalently bound light‐absorbing cofactors for their biological function. Usually, the identity of these cofactors is determined after expression in heterologous systems leaving the question unanswered whether these cofactors are identical to the indigenous ones. Here, cryptochrome 3 from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed as a fusion with the green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis plants. Besides the confirmation of the earlier report of its localization in chloroplasts, our data indicate that fractions of the fusion protein are present in the stroma and associated with thylakoids, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that the fusion protein expressed in planta contains the same cofactors as the His6‐tagged protein expressed in Escherichia coli, that is, flavin adenine dinucleotide and N5,N10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate. This demonstrates that the heterologously expressed cryptochrome 3, characterized in a number of previous studies, is a valid surrogate of the corresponding protein expressed in plants. To our knowledge, this is also a first conclusive analysis of cofactors bound to an Arabidopsis protein belonging to the CPF and purified from plant tissue.
Environmental influence on the prevalence and pattern of airway dysfunction in elite athletes
Authors: Levai Irisz Karolina , Hull James H. , Loosemore Mike , Greenwell Jon , Whyte Greg , Dickinson John W.
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and objective

Elite swimming and boxing require athletes to achieve relatively high minute ventilation. The combination of a sustained high ventilation and provocative training environment may impact the susceptibility of athletes to exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of EIB in elite Great British (GB) boxers and swimmers.

Methods

Boxers (n = 38, mean age: 22.1 ± 3.1 years) and swimmers (n = 44, mean age: 21.1 ± 2.6 years) volunteered for the study. Athletes completed an exercise‐induced respiratory symptom questionnaire, baseline assessment of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), maximal spirometry manoeuvres and a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge. EIB was confirmed if forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1
) reduced by ≥10% from baseline at two time points post‐EVH challenge.

Results

The prevalence of EIB was greater in elite swimmers (30 of 44; 68%) than in boxers (3 of 38; 8%) (P < 0.001). Twenty‐two out of the 33 (67%) EVH‐positive athletes had no prior diagnosis of asthma/EIB. Moreover, 12% (6 of 49) of the EVH‐negative athletes had a previous diagnosis of asthma/EIB. We found a correlation between FeNO and FEV1
change in lung function post‐EVH challenge in swimmers (r = 0.32; P = 0.04) but not in boxers (r = 0.24; P = 0.15).

Conclusion

The prevalence of EIB was ninefold greater in swimmers when compared with boxers. Athletes who train and compete in provocative environments at sustained high ventilation may have an increased susceptibility to EIB. It is not entirely clear whether increased susceptibility to EIB affects elite sporting performance and long‐term airway health in elite athletes.
Heterogeneity of incidence and outcome of acute exacerbation in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Arai Toru , Kagawa Tomoko , Sasaki Yumiko , Sugawara Reiko , Sugimoto Chikatoshi , Tachibana Kazunobu , Kitaichi Masanori , Akira Masanori , Hayashi Seiji , Inoue Yoshikazu
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and objective

Acute exacerbations (AEs) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) have a poor prognosis. This study aims to clarify the incidence and prognosis of AE in IPF and the other IIP.

Methods

A total of 229 patients were enrolled, of whom 92 had IPF and 137 had ‘IIP other than IPF’ based on the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/Japanese Respiratory Society/Latin American Thoracic Association (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT) 2011 IPF Guidelines. IIP other than IPF included 11 patients with a surgical lung biopsy (SLB) and the remainder without such a biopsy. IIP other than IPF was further classified into IIP with a ‘possible usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)’ pattern on HRCT (n = 75) and IIP with ‘inconsistent with UIP’ pattern (n = 62) based on published guidelines. Predictors of AE and the prognosis after AE were examined in these groups.

Results

The 1‐year incidence of AE in IPF, IIP with possible UIP HRCT patterns and IIP with inconsistent with UIP HRCT patterns was 16.5%, 8.9% and 4.0%, respectively. AE occurred significantly more frequently in IPF than in IIP with possible UIP and inconsistent with UIP HRCT patterns after adjustment for BMI, modified Medical Research Council score and %forced vital capacity. Prognosis of AE‐IIP with possible UIP HRCT pattern was significantly worse than that of AE‐IPF.

Conclusion

Although AE occurred significantly less frequently in IIP with possible UIP and inconsistent with UIP HRCT patterns than in IPF, the prognosis of AE‐IIP with possible UIP HRCT patterns might be worse than that of AE‐IPF.
Getting along or ahead: Effects of gender identity threat on communal and agentic self‐presentations
Authors: Sinclair Samantha , Carlsson Rickard , Björklund Fredrik
Published: July 2016

When faced with a threat to gender identity, people may try to restore their gender status by acting in a more gender‐typical manner. The present research investigated effects of gender identity threat on self‐presentations of agentic and communal traits in a Swedish and an Argentine sample (N = 242). Under threat (vs. affirmation), Swedish women deemphasized agentic traits (d [95% CI] = −0.41 [−0.93, 0.11]), Argentine women increased their emphasis on communal traits (d = 0.44 [−0.08, 0.97]), and Argentine men increased their emphasis on agentic traits (d = 0.49 [−0.03, 1.01]). However, Swedish men did not appear to be affected by the threat regarding agentic (d = 0.04 [−0.47, 0.55]) or communal traits (d = 0.23 [−0.29, 0.74]). The findings are to be considered tentative. Implications for identity threat research are discussed.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*16:97 allele in an Italian bone marrow donor
Authors: Buffi O. , Iliescu A. , Nesci S.
Published: July 2016

The HLA‐C*16:97 allele differs from HLA‐C*16:01:01:01 at position 666 of exon 4.
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neonates at a tertiary academic hospital: a retrospective 11‐year study
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Spradbrow Jordan , Keir Amy , Dunn Michael , Lin Yulia , Callum Jeannie
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used to treat a variety of diseases in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Although audits have reported on the spectrum of IVIG use in adults, the indications and utilization in neonates has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to describe the usage pattern of and indications for IVIG in a tertiary care NICU.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed of all neonates who received IVIG in the NICU from January 2003 to December 2013. Data collected included patient demographic features, antenatal maternal details, neonatal laboratory results, treatment details, adverse events, and patient outcome.

RESULTS

Thirty‐seven neonates received IVIG over the 11‐year period. Twenty‐three (67%) were treated for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN); 13 treatments were ABO related, six were anti‐D related, and four were for clinically significant antibodies. Fourteen (33%) were treated for non‐HDN causes, including eight for septic neonates, two for neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis, two for neonates with a clinically significant antibody but without evidence of hemolysis, and two for neonates with glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. A complete hemolytic workup was not performed consistently before the receipt of IVIG.

CONCLUSIONS

This novel assessment of IVIG use in the NICU revealed the spectrum of disease for which IVIG is ordered. This study also found that key diagnostic tests needed to confirm an immune etiology for idiopathic jaundice are not performed routinely before IVIG receipt. Neonatal transfusion‐related databases are needed to carry out pragmatic clinical trials to establish better evidence‐based guidelines for IVIG therapy in the NICU.