bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Kasus Tuberkulosis Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi di UPTD BLUD Puskesmas Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Rahmayani Erika Tri Rahmayani , Resnhaleksmana Ersandhi , Ariami Pancawati , Fikri Zainal , Srigede Lalu
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dilaporkan penyakit ini sebagai penyebab utama kematian di kalangan penyakit menular. Berdasarkan Global TB Report WHO 2020, Indonesia merupakan negara dengan beban tubekulosis tertinggi kedua di dunia. Pada masa pandemi covid-19, terjadi penurunan jumlah temuan kasus tuberkulosis di Indonesia. Salah satunya di Puskesmas Praya yang menyediakan pelayanan tuberkulosis.
Tujuan: untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus tuberkulosis sebelum dan selama pandemi covid-19 dan faktor yang mempengaruhi di UPTD BLUD Puskesmas Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah.
Metode: penelitian dengan metode analisa deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan data yang berasal dari rekam medis pasien yang berobat di Puskesmas Praya sebelum dan selama pandemi covid-19.
Hasil: pada tahun 2019 (sebelum pandemi) ditemukan 308 suspek TB dengan kasus positif sebanyak 9,1%. Selama pandemi yaitu tahun 2020 ditemukan 275 suspek dengan kasus positif sebanyak 12,7%. Tahun 2021 ditemukan 230 suspek dan kasus positif sebanyak 12,6%.
Kesimpulan: terjadi penurunan temuan suspek TB selama pandemi covid-19, sedangkan kasus positif TB semakin meningkat selama pandemi. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya antara lain jumlah kunjungan pasien dan kebijakan physical distancing.
Differences In Blood Glucose Levels Of Amphetamine-Type Drug Users Who Are Undergoing Rehabilitation and Completed
Authors: Ocatari Baiq Linda Rolian , Dewi Lale Budi Kusuma , Srigede Lalu , Fihiruddin  , Inayati Nurul
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Amfetamin merupakan salah satu jenis psikotropika yang berefek diantaranya, mengurangi rasa lelah, nafsu makan menurun, dan susah tidur. Tubuh memerlukan nutrisi, istirahat yang cukup serta aktifitas yang sehat agar kondisinya tetap normal. Pola hidup buruk dan penggunaan NAPZA secara terus – menerus dapat mempengaruhi kadar gula dalam darah.
Tujuan : untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar gula darah pada pengguna NAPZA jenis amfetamin yang sedang dan selesai menjalani rehabilitasi di BNN Kota Mataram.
Metode : Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi oleh peneliti untuk mendata setiap pengguna positif NAPZA jenis amfetamin. Pengumpulan data dlakukan langsung dengan menghitung kadar glukosa darah terhadap responden menggunakan metode POCT.
Hasil : Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diperoleh rata-rata kadar gula darah yang sedang rehabilitasi 78,85 mg/dl, dan selesai rehabilitasi 101,56 mg/dl. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon sehingga didapatkan hasil sig 0,000 < 0,05 yang menandakan adanya perbedaan pada data.
Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan antara kadar gula darah pengguna NAPZA jenis amfetamin yang sedang dan selesai menjalani rehabilitasi. Kadar gula darah orang selesai rehabilitasi meningkat dari sebelum rehabilitasi. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya bisa melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor-faktor penyebab menurunnya kadar gula darah pada pengguna NAPZA jenis amfetamin yang sedang rehabilitasi.
Overview Of Pathological Color Urine Examiation Result The Dip Cark Method
Authors: Aisyiah Putri Dwi Melbaow , Inayati Nurul , Kristinawati Erna , Fihiruddin Fihiruddin , Agrijanti Agrijanti
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang : Urine merupakan cairan sisa hasil ekskresi ginjal yang keluar dari tubuh melalui proses urineasi. Komposisi urine mencerminkan kemampuan ginjal untuk menahan dan menyerap bahan–bahan yang penting untuk metabolism dan mempertahankan homeostatis tubuh. Intensitas warna urin sesuai dengan konsentrasi urin. Alat diagnostik dasar untuk menentukan perubahan patologis dalam urin dengan melihat perubahan warna yang terjadi sesuai dengan keadaan urine yang sebenarnya adalah carik celup.
Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan urin warna patologis dengan metode carik celup.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Observasional deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 18, berasal dari pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan urinalisa di laboratorium RSUD Kota Mataram.
Hasil : Urin warna merah didapatkan hasil abnormal pada pemeriksaan Blood, Protein dan Leukosit; Urin warna kuning didapatkan hasil abnormal pada pemeriksaan Glukosa, Blood, Protein dan Leukosit; Urin warna coklat didapatkan hasil abnormal pada pemeriksaan Glukosa, Keton, Blood, Protein dan Urobilinogen; Urin warna hijau didapatkan hasil abnormal pada pemeriksaan Blood, Protein dan Leukosit.
Kesimpulan : warna pada sampel urin berpengaruh dengan hasil pemeriksaan urin metode carik celup.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kaporit Terhadap Daya Tetas Telur Nyamuk Aedes Aegypt
Authors: Arda Rahmadani  , Erna Kristinawati  , Nurul Inayati  , Pancawati Ariami
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang:Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang  disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Salah satu cara menghentikan penyebaran nyamuk Aedes aegypti Adalah dengan menghilangkan Telur nyamuk misalnya dengan kaporit. Kaporit bersifat Desinfektan sehingga dapat menghambat perkembangan dari telur ke larva maupun dari Larva ke nyamuk
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas kaporit terhadap daya tetas telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat Quasy Eksperimen . Sampel yang digunakan adalah telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan Variasi konsentrasi larutan Kaporit 0,006%, 0,008%, dan 0,01%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji kruskal-wallis Hasil: Rerata Daya tetas telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada konsentrasi 0,01% sebesar 5% daya tetas telur, konsentrasi 0,008% sebesar 13,3% daya tetas, konsentrasi 0,006% sebesar 18,8% daya tetas telur nyamuk.
Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi 0,006%, 0,008% dan 0,01% Kaporit berpengaruh terhadap daya tetas  telur nyamuk Aedes agypti dengan konsentrasi yang semakin tinggi.
Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Berdasarkan Trimester Kehamilan Di Wilayah Narmada
Authors: Malia Septiana  , Siti Zaetun  , Dr. Ershandi Renshaleksmana  , Ida Bagus Rai Wiadnya
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Ketika proses kehamilan keluhan yang muncul berdampak kepada penurunan kualitas tidur dan berimbas kepada penurunan kesehatan akibat dari proses perbaikan sel yang tidak sempurna salah satunya biosintesis sel darah merah yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah. Pengukuran kualitas tidur menggunakan instrument PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Qualilty Index) dan alat pengukuran kadar hemoglobin menggunakan metode POCT.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kualitas tidur terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil berdasarkan trimester kehamilan.Metode penelitian: Observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan data yang di peroleh di olah menggunakan uji statistic non parameetrik yaitu mann-whitney test.Hasil penelitian: kualitas tidur bu hamil trimester I, II, dan III 14 (46,7%) buruk dan 16 (53,3%) diantaranya baik. Rerata kadar hemoglobin trimester I 13,13 gr/dl, trimester II 10,14 gr/dl, trimester III 12,01 gr/dl. Hasil uji mann-withnwy test di dapatkan nilai probabilitas p= 0,017 kurang dari 0,05.Kesimpulan:Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil berdasarkan trimester kehamilan
Gambaran Kadar Trigliserida pada Wanita Menopouse dengan dan tanpa Hipertensi
Authors: Hapielda Ririn , Resnhaleksmana Dr.Ersandhi , Wayan Getas Drs.I , Jiwintarum Yunan
Published: November 2024

Latar belakang : Peningkatan trigliserida terjadi pada fase menopouse. Jika kadar trigliserida meningkat mengakibatkan  penumpukan lemak dalam aliran darah yang menimbulkan plaque sehingga aliran darah terhambat yang dapat memicu terjadinya hipertensi.
Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar trigliserida pada wanita menopouse dengan dan tanpa hipertensi. Dengan data yang disajikan dan dianalisis secara deskriftif.
Metode : Jenis peneltian ini purposive sampling. Pengambilan sample dilakukan dengan wawancara sesuai kriteria sebanyak 32 sample dibagi 2 kategori.  Kadar trigliserida pada penelitian ini diperoleh  dengan metode automatically analyzer dan data diolah secara deskriptif Observasional.
Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Rata -rata kadar trigliserida pada wanita menopouse dengan hipertensi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah 177 mg/dL dengan tekanan darah 151/92 mmHg dan rata – rata kadar trigliserida pada wanita menopouse tanpa hipertensi adalah 148 mg/dL dengan rata-rata tekanan darah 110/79 mmHg.
Kesimpulan : Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar trigliserida pada wanita menopouse dengan hipertensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar trigliserida pada wanita menopouse tanpa hipertensi.
Perbedaan Jumlah Limfosit dan Monosit serta Morfologi Eritrosit pada Perokok Tembakau dan Elektrik sebagai Faktor Risiko Aterosklerosis pada Remaja
Authors: Laila Nisa Isra , Rohmi  , Khusuma Ari , Zaetun Siti
Published: November 2024

Background : Smoking from adolescence can increase the risk of atherosclerosis because there is a buildup of fibrolipids and other substances in the blood that can cause plaque. Meanwhile, research results show that e-cigarettes are no less dangerous than tobacco cigarettes. Namely, the number of lymphocytes in e-smokers is 54% and tobacco smokers are 39% (Mega, 2020). The novelty of this research is to look at differences in erythrocyte count and morphology in adolescents at risk of atherosclerosis.
Research Objectives : To determine the differences in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes and the morphology of erythrocytes in tobacco and electronic smokers as risk factors for atherosclerosis in adolescents.
Research Methods : This research is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional research design and uses the lameshow formula to determine the sample size so that a sample size of 30 samples can be obtained. Data were tested using the Independent T-test and Mann Whitney-U test.
The results of the study : The average percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes in tobacco and electronic smoker is 37% & 27% lymphocytes and 7% & 6% monocytes. From 15 samples of tobacco smokers the results were normal and from 15 samples of e-smokers there was 1 lymphocyte result below normal. Also, the abnormal cells found include anulocytes, tear drops, burr cells, ovalocytes and stomatocytes.
Conclusion : There are differences in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes as well as erythrocyte morphology in tobacco and electronic smokers as risk factors for atherosclerosis in adolescents with the probability value for lymphocytes being 0.01<0.05 and monocytes 0.04<0.05.
Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Filtrat Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) Terhadap Daya Bunuh Kutu Kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis)
Authors: Putu Dita Septiani  , Urip  , Erlin Yustin Tatontos  , Ershandi Resnhaleksmana
Published: November 2024

Latar belakang: Kutu kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis) merupakan suatu ektoparasit obligat penghisap darah yang terdapat pada rambut atau kepala manusia. Penggunaan bahan kimia memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia apabila digunakan secara tidak tepat. Oleh karena itu dibuat bahan alami pembasmi kutu kepala yaitu kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) yang mudah ditemukan di masyarakat.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) terhadap daya bunuh kutu kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis).
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat quasi eksperiment dengan desain penelitian post test only control group desain. Populasi dan sampel adalah kutu kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis). Jumlah unit percobaan 27 (3 perlakuan dengan 9 kali replikasi) masing-masing petridish menggunakan 5 ekor kutu rambut sehingga jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan adalah 135 ekor. Perlakuan menggunakan kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) dengan perbandingan konsentrasi 30%:70%, 50%:50%, dan 70%:30% selama 60 menit serta kontrol negatif aquadest. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian di analisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-wallis.
Hasil penelitian: Didapatkan kematian kutu kepala kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) perbandingan konsentrasi  30%:70% dengan persentase kematian sebesar 48%, kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) perbandingan konsentrasi 50%:50% dengan persentase kematian sebesar 62%, dan kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum)  perbandingan konsentrasi 70%:30% dengan persentase kematian sebesar 80%.
Kesimpulan: Kombinasi filtrat daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) efektif terhadap daya bunuh kutu kepala (Pediculus humanus capitis) dengan nilai signifikan p = 0,000 < α =0,05.

 

Kata kunci: Kematian, Filtrat, Alami, Daun Pepaya, Daun Kemangi, Kutu Kepala.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Video Edukasi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Penggunaan Kontrasepsi IUD pada PUS
Authors: Martiana Endri Suastika , Cory'ah Fitra Arsy Nur , Rachmawati Mutiara
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang : Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan program yang bertujuan untuk mengatur atau mengontrol jumlah penduduk dengan cara mengurangi jumlah anak yang dilahirkan oleh perempuan dengan pengaturan jumlah anak. Di Indonesia,prevalensi pemakaian kontrasepsi yang banyak digunakan adalah suntik 29%, pil 12.1%, IUD 5%, implan 5%, Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW) 4%, kondom 3% dan Metode Operasi Pria (MOP) kurang dari 1%.Salah satu upaya peningkatan penggunaan kontrasepsi khususnya kontrasepsi IUD  diperlukan suatu media edukasi yang dapat menggambarkan konsep fisik secara nyata.Salah satu media yang dapat di gunakaan adalah video mengunakan bahasa daerah yaitu sasak yang merupakan salah satu kearifan lokal yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang memuat unsur-unsur budaya lokal masyarakat.
Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui Efektivitas Video Edukasi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Penggunaan Kontrasepsi IUD pada Pasangan Usia Subur.
Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experimental.Desain penelitian ini adalah pretest and posttest nonequivalent control group.Dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2021.Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien kasus 32 minggu yang tersebar di kabupaten Lombok barat.Sampel yang digunakan dengan jumlah 34 responden.Analisis data untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan video edukasi berbasis kearifan lokal dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan analisis efektivitas dengan menggunakan uji N-Gain melalui penggunaan software SPSS versi 16.
Hasil Penelitian : Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa penggunaan video edukasi berbasis kearifan lokal cukup efektif dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD pada Pasangan Usia Subur dengan nilai N-Gain score sebesar 59,66%
Kesimpulan : Penggunaan video edukasi berbasis kearifan lokal cukup efektif dibandingakan dengan tanpa menggunakan video edukasi berbasis kearifan lokal dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD pada Pasangan Usia Subur.
Penambahan Tepung Komposit Lakulai terhadap Sifat Organoleptik, Kandungan Zat Gizi dan Daya Terima Cookies Lakulai
Authors: Triyasa Ni Kadek Rika Mega , Widiada I Gde Narda , Darawati Made , Irianto Irianto
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Cookies merupakan salah satujenisbiskuit yang dapat dijadikan jajanan/cemilan alternatif untuk remaja putri.  Dilihat dari Direktori Perkembangan Konsumsi pangan tahun 2019 bahwa Konsumsi perkapita biskuit Indonesia mencapai 24,22 ons/ 0,1 Kg pertahunnya.Penambahan tepung komposit LabuKuning dan KacangKedelai (LAKULAI) pada cookies dapat menambah kandungan zat gizi berbasis pangan lokal. Cookies denganpenambahantepungkomposit LAKULAI dapatdijadikanjajananselingansehatuntukremajaputri.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL).Analisis data uji organoleptic menggunakan program SPSS 16.0 dengan analisis statistik one way anova pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% atau alfa 0,05. Apabila p < ɑ = 0,05 maka ada pengaruh perubahan signifikan dan sebaliknya. Jika ada pengaruh signifikan, data di analisis lebih lanjut menggunakan uji tukey untuk melihat perlakuan yang menyebabkan perbedaan.
Hasil: Berdasarkan uji anova ada pengaruh penambahan tepung komposit LAKULAI terhadap aroma, tekstur, dan rasa, dari Cookies (p<0,05). Sedangkan, pada parameter warna Cookies tidak ada pengaruh penambahan tepung komposit (p>0,05). Produk terbaik adalah t2 penambahan tepung komposit LAKULAI sebanyak 20%. Hasil kandungan gizi dari Cookies LAKULAI adalah kadar air 7,94%, kadar abu 1,96%, lemak 24,07%, protein 9,18%, karbohidrat 56,82%. Sedangkan, uji daya terima konsumen terdapat 87% siswi dapat menerima produk yang diberikan.
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Ubi Jalar terhadap Sifat Organoleptik dan Sifat Kimia Nastar Nabikajau
Authors: Suarningsih Ni Putu Yuni , Suranadi Luh , Chandradewi AASP , Sofiyatin Reni
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data pusat statistik tahun 2016 ketergantungan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap tepung terigu sangat tinggi sebesar 7,95 juta ton, sedangkan produksi tepung terigu sebesar 4.855.261 ton. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi penggunaan terigu yaitu dengan cara mensubstitusi terigu dengan pangan lokal, salah satu produk pangan lokal yang dapat digunakan yaitu ubi jalar. Kabupaten Lombok Barat menghasilkan ubi jalar sebesar 4.270 ton/tahun 2019.
Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 aras perlakuan T1 =80% : 20%, T2 = 70% : 30%, T3 = 60% : 40%. Perbandingan substitusi tepung ubi jalar kuning : tepung terigu berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya  (Putri,Pratiwi 2015). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Teknologi Pangan Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Mataram dan di Laboraturium Kimia Analitik Fakultas MIPA Universitas Mataram dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 orang mahasiswa gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Mataram.
Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan uji anova, didapatkan bahwa penambahan tepung ubi jalar memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap warna nastar nabikajau dengan nilai p<0,05. sedangkan pada variable aroma, rasa dan tekstur diperoleh nilai p>0,05 sehingga tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan aroma, rasa, dan tekstur pada nastar. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik t3 substitusi tepung ubi jalar (60%) adalah aras perlakuan yang disukai oleh panelis. Hasil uji proksimat nastar nabikajau dengan perlakuan terbaik memilikikadar abu 0,21%, kadar air 12,24%, kadar protein 5,63%, lemak 42,46%, karbohidrat 57,45%.
Tatalaksana Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Sepsis Pasca Operasi Gangren
Authors: Astuti Nur Fitri Widya , Maharani Alya Orsa , Wahyuni Endang Sri
Published: November 2024

Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. One of the complications that can be caused by DM is gangrene, which is an infection of the feet due to a reduction in oxygen flow to the organs. This causes tissue death and if severe can cause amputation in people with DM. The management of managing DM is not only by administering medication, but also by diet therapy. This is aimed at maintaining the patient's nutritional status. It is necessary to carry out a Standardized Nutritional Care Process (NCP) to optimize nutritional services for DM patients
Objective : To determine the effect of the Standardized Nutrition Care Process (NCP) on type 2 DM patients with sepsis after gangrene surgery
Research Methods : The method used in this research was qualitative descriptive research with a case study approach. The subject in this case study was a 52 year old female patient who was treated at RSUD dr. Soebandi Jember with a medical diagnosis of type 2 DM with sepsis after gangrene surgery. Patients was given a standardized nutritional care process during hospitalization. The research time was 3-7 November 2022. Research analysis uses using descriptive analysis.
Research Result : The results of NCP showed that the patient had underweight nutritional status. During monitoring, the evaluation showed that the patient's blood biochemical levels during the nutritional care process had not shown improvement because they were still below normal values. Furthermore, the patient's physical and clinical condition improved even though his appetite was still low. Then the results of the consumption survey with 24-hour food recall show that the patient's food intake is still <80%, still in the severe deficit category during the process of providing nutritional care.
Conclusion : NCP provides to patients has not shown significant improvement due to post-surgery. There is a need to modify the food menu and motivate patients to increase the patient's appetite and food intake so that the patient's nutritional status can be improved.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap Tindakan terhadap Tablet Fe, dan Status Gizi pada Remaja Putri Anemia
Authors: Ansyariah Ummarroh , Laraeni Yuli , Utama L. Juntra , Adiyasa I Nyoman
Published: November 2024

Background : Anemia is a body condition in which the level of hemoglobin in the blood is below normal or is experiencing a decrease. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 32%, meaning that 3-4 out of 10 adolescents suffer from anemia. The percentage of young women consuming iron tablets <52 was 98.6%, while young women consuming iron tablets > 52 was 1.4% (Ministry of Health, 2018). 
Research Methods: The research method used is analytic observational, with a cross-sectional research design. The sample used was 33 young women who had anemia. 
Research Results: Description of the level of knowledge is 10 (30.3%). Less than 13 people (39.4%) and 10 students who have a good level of knowledge (30.3%). The average attitude level is 14 (42.4%). The attitude level is less than 5 (15.2%) and 5 students have a good attitude level (15.2%). Description Action Level is being there are 9 people (27.3%). Less action rate as many as 19 students (57.6%). Good action as much as 5 students (15.2%). The nutritional status description of the sample is 27 female students who have a good nutritional status level (82%). There were 2 undernourished students (6%), 2 students who were in the overnutrition category (6%), 2 students who were in the Obesity category (6%).
 Conclusion: The highest level of knowledge is in the less category, 13 people with a percentage of 39%. The highest level of attitude in the medium category is 14 people with a percentage of 42.4%. and the highest level of action was in the less category, namely 57.6%, and the highest nutritional status was in the good category, namely 27 people with a percentage of 82%. 
Keywords: Level of Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions, Nutritional Status, Anemia, and Young Women.
The Axiology of Theism
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

Theism is the view that God exists; naturalism is the view that there are no supernatural beings, processes, mechanisms, or forces. This book explores whether things are better, worse, or neither on theism relative to naturalism. It introduces readers to the central philosophical issues that bear on this question, and it distinguishes a wide range of ways it can be answered. It critically examines four views, three of which hold (in various ways) that things are better on theism than on naturalism, and one of which holds just the opposite.
Does God Matter? Essays on the Axiological Consequences of Theism
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

Does God Matter? features eleven original essays written by prominent philosophers of religion that address this very important, yet surprisingly neglected, question. One natural way to approach this question is to seek to understand what difference God’s existence would - or does - make to the value of the world and the well-being of its inhabitants. The first essay sets the stage for the discussion of this topic. The three essays in Section I defend versions of pro-theism: the view that God’s existence would - or does - make things better than they would otherwise be. The four essays in Section II defend anti-theism: the view that God’s existence would, or does, make things worse than they would otherwise be. The three essays in Section III consider the interplay between the existential and axiological debates concerning the existence of God. This book presents important research on a growing topic in philosophy of religion that will also be of keen interest to scholars working in other areas of philosophy (such as metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory), and in other disciplines.
God and the Multiverse: Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Perspectives
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, scientific theories have postulated the existence of many universes beyond our own. The details and implications of these theories are hotly contested. Some philosophers argue that these scientific models count against the existence of God. Others, however, argue that if God exists, a multiverse is precisely what we should expect to find. Moreover, these philosophers claim that the idea of a divinely created multiverse can help believers in God respond to certain arguments for atheism. These proposals are, of course, also extremely controversial. This volume collects together twelve newly published essays – two by physicists, and ten by philosophers – that discuss various aspects of this issue. Some of the essays support the idea of a divinely created multiverse; others oppose it. Scientific, philosophical, and theological issues are considered.
Excessive Gratuitous Evil
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

This paper draws together and engages with two recent – and independent – discussions of the problem of evil. Bruce Russell (2018) examines four arguments for atheism that appeal to suffering. He rejects the first three, but defends the fourth. Meanwhile, separately, William Hasker has discussed close variants of the third and fourth arguments. In an important but underappreciated series of papers, he criticizes the former (Hasker 1992, 1997, 2004b, 2008). More recently, he has deployed this criticism against the latter as well (Hasker 2019). The order in which Russell treats these four arguments is helpful and instructive, and so I will follow it. I will briefly discuss the first and second. I will then set out Hasker’s criticism of the third argument, and offer some resistance to his most recent defence of it. I then turn to the final argument, which I call the argument from excessive gratuitous evil. Russell and Hasker both think that it constitutes a formidable problem for theism. I agree. I do not discuss Russell’s (indirect) defence of it. Instead, I examine Hasker’s latest objections to it – including his new deployment of his earlier criticism – and I find them all wanting.
Is motivated submaximization good enough for God?
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

In a recent article (Kraay 2013), I argued that some prominent responses to two important arguments for atheism invoke divine satisficing – and that the coherence and propriety of this notion have not been established. Chris Tucker (2016) agrees with my evaluation of divine satisficing, but disagrees with my exegesis of these responses. He argues that they should be understood as invoking motivated submaximization instead. After reviewing the dialectical situation to date, I assess whether motivated submaximization can be deployed in such a way as to defeat these arguments for atheism. I argue that it's far from clear that it can.
Elgin's Community-Oriented Steadfastness
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: November 2024

In recent years, epistemologists have devoted enormous attention to this question: what should happen when two epistemic peers disagree about the truth-value of some proposition? Some have argued that that in all such cases, both parties are rationally required to revise their position in some way. Others have maintained that, in at least some cases, neither party is rationally required to revise her position. In this paper, I examine a provocative and under-appreciated argument for the latter view due to Catherine Z. Elgin (2010, 2012, 2017, and 2018). I defend it against a series of objections, and I then identify some fruitful ways in which her view could be developed further.
God and Gratuitous Evil (Part I)
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

In contemporary analytic philosophy, the problem of evil refers to a family of arguments that attempt to show, by appeal to evil, that God does not (or probably does not) exist. Some very important arguments in this family focus on gratuitous evil. Most participants in the relevant discussions, including theists and atheists, agree that God is able to prevent all gratuitous evil and that God would do so. On this view, of course, the occurrence of even a single instance of gratuitous evil falsifies theism. The most common response to such arguments attempts to cast doubt on the claim that gratuitous evil really occurs. The focus of these two survey papers will be a different response – one that has received less attention in the literature. This response attempts to show that God and gratuitous evil are compatible. If it succeeds, then the occurrence of gratuitous evil does not, after all, count against theism. After introducing some key terms, I survey the literature surrounding the attempts by Michael Peterson and John Hick to execute this strategy. In a follow-up paper, I discuss the attempts of William Hasker, Peter van Inwagen, and Michael Almeida, respectively.
Perspectives and Positions in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

This essay discusses two issues. The first is whether the “insider's” or “outsider's” perspective is more truth-conducive in the study of religion. I do not attempt to settle this very thorny question: I merely attempt to identify some aspects of what it might mean to be an insider with respect to one kind of investigation—the investigation into whether God exists. The second issue is how best to characterize certain philosophical positions on the axiology of ultimate reality. Here I argue that it can be useful to group together certain axiological positions under one heading, while leaving their details open to interpretation. For example, two philosophers might agree that God's existence would—or does—make the world far better than it would otherwise be, even though they have incompatible notions of what constitutes “far” and “better.” In my view, it makes sense to call both thinkers pro-theists, despite their differences. In discussing these issues, I engage the work of Myron A. Penner and Paul Moser, both of whom published replies to an article of mine in the most recent issue of the Toronto Journal of Theology.
Method and Madness in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

After briefly outlining the history of contemporary analytic philosophy of religion and saying something about its practitioners' beliefs, I describe and evaluate four recent meta-philosophical analyses of this subdiscipline. (These four analyses each identify problems with this subfield and propose solutions.) Then I introduce a framework for a research program in the philosophy of religion that I think these authors should all welcome.
Theism and Modal Collapse
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

God is traditionally taken to be a necessarily existing being who is unsurpassably powerful, knowledgeable, and good. The familiar problem of actual evil claims that the presence of gratuitous suffering in the actual world constitutes evidence against the existence of such a being. In contrast, the problem of possible evil claims that the possibility of bad worlds constitutes evidence against theism. How? It seems plausible to suppose that there are very bad possible worlds. But if God exists in every world, then God exists in those, too. And if God exists in very bad worlds, some say, God is culpable for not ensuring that they are better. This paper considers this argument, surveys some responses, and offers a novel solution. Along the way, it argues that theists should maintain that the actual world is a multiverse featuring all and only universes worthy of being created and sustained by God, and – more controversially – it recommends that theists embrace modal collapse: the claim that this multiverse is the only possible world.
Invitation to the Axiology of Theism
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

“What difference would – or does – God’s existence make?” In recent years, philosophers of religion have begun to tackle this question with vigour and rigour. As with many philosophical questions, it is deceptively simple to pose, but enormously difficult to answer. In this chapter, I set the stage for the remainder of the volume by introducing the reader to some of the core issues at stake in this area. I hope to be an impartial guide to this unfolding discussion.

The phrase “axiology of theism” can be misleading in two respects, and so some preliminary clarifications are needed. First, since “theism” is sometimes taken to mean “belief in God”, the phrase “axiology of theism” can prompt the thought that the chief task here is to evaluate the (dis)value or (dis)utility of belief in God, or perhaps of some individual or society engaging in religious practices oriented towards God. While these are important projects in their own right, this literature does not concern them. Instead, the central goal is to attempt to understand the axiological import of God’s existence, or non-existence, for the world and its inhabitants. Second, while most of the discussion has indeed been about this issue, an important subsidiary thread has considered what sorts of preferences can be rational with respect to God’s existence or nonexistence. As we will see, one point of dispute has been whether preferences must track axiological judgments in order to be rational.

In section 1, I attempt to clarify the central axiological question. In section 2, I distinguish a range of positions that might be held on this issue. In section 3, I set out some considerations favouring each of the main positions. In section 4, I consider some connections between the debate about the axiological consequences of God’s existence and the debate about whether God exists. In section 5, I turn to the debate about rational preferences concerning God’s existence or non-existence. Finally, in section 6, I summarize the contributions to this volume and draw key connections between them.
The Theistic Multiverse: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, there has been astonishing growth in scientific theorizing about multiverses. Once considered outré or absurd, multiple universe theories appear to be gaining considerable scientific respectability. There are, of course, many such theories, including (i) Everett’s (1957) many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, defended by Deutsch (1997) and others; (ii) Linde’s (1986) eternal inflation view, which suggests that universes form like bubbles in a chaotically inflating sea; (iii) Smolin’s (1997) fecund universe theory, which proposes that universes are generated through black holes; (iv) the cyclic model, recently defended using string/M theory by Steinhardt and Turok (2007), which holds that distinct universes are formed in a never-ending sequence of Big Bangs and Big Crunches; and (v) Tegmark’s (2007) “Level IV” multiverse, which contains many universes governed by distinct mathematical and scientific laws. While not all of these preclude each other, the details and implications of each one are hotly contested.

In one area within the philosophy of religion (the debate concerning the “fine-tuning” argument), scientific multiverse theories are widely held to be hostile to theism. This is because such theories appear to account for the relevant data – the biophilic parameters of the universe we inhabit – without appeal to an intelligent designer. Yet, in recent years, several philosophers2 and one physicist3 have offered reasons for thinking that if theism is true, the actual world comprises (or probably comprises) many universes. I first set out some requirements – both scientific and otherwise – for such a theory. I then survey some problems such theories are held to face, and some prospects they are thought to have. Finally, I examine arguments both for and against the claim that multiverse theories can help theists respond to the problem of evil. I conclude that such theories advantage neither the theist or the atheist in the debate about evil: they merely require reframing arguments from evil.
Le Flambeau’s fashion discourse during the First World War: Towards a retrograde femininity?
Authors: Lezama Nigel
Published: November 2024

The historiography of the Great War has been significantly renewed in recent years, yet, despite its crucial social, economic, and cultural importance, the role that fashion played in shaping wartime experiences and economies between 1914 and 1918 has not yet been addressed. This collection fills the gap in the literature by examining the impact the Great War had on fashion, its industry, and civilians in a transnational context. With an international, thematic approach, the book discusses the reconfiguration of the fashion industry, wartime style and production, and the reframing of selfhood, gender roles, and national identity through clothing and print culture. Fashion, Society and the First World War provides an extensive overview by leading fashion historians on an industry in the midst of major transformation. 
New Challenges for the Realisation of Migrants' Rights Following the Haiti 2010 Earthquake: Haitian Women on the Borderlands
Authors: Wooding Bridget , Petrozziello Allison
Published: November 2024

 

Crossing the Dominican–Haitian border in greater numbers than previously, Haitian women and girls, many of whom have been forcibly displaced by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, make multiple decisions about where to go and whom to trust. Thus they are in contact with informal scouts and other agents, while seeking employment as vendors in the frontier market, domestic workers in private homes, and sex workers in brothels in the Dominican Republic. This article argues that trafficking is but one problem along a spectrum of violence and human rights violations facing these women, requiring coordinated social interventions beyond law enforcement.
Touching holograms with windows mixed reality: Renovating the consumer retailing services
Authors: Dehghani Milad , Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Mashatan Atefeh
Published: November 2024

 

Recent technological advances in wearable technologies, such as mixed-reality devices, have enabled consumers to interact with artificial three-dimensional visual environments. This presents an incredible opportunity for service retailers to present alternative ways of interacting with their services. This study empirically investigates the potential applications of Windows Mixed Reality devices, while specifically examining various forms of consumer perceptions and behavioural intentions. This research is among the first to empirically examine the effect of windows mixed reality experiences, enabled by the latest wearable devices, on intentions of users in a services retailing context. The results of this study help guide retailers who are looking to integrate Windows Mixed Reality devices in their practice to increase user satisfaction, trust, and utilitarian needs. The paper recommends specific theoretical and managerial implications.

 
PENDAMPINGAN PEMASANGAN ATRAKTOR CUMI-CUMI DAN PENGENALAN KOPERASI NELAYAN DI KAIMANA, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Basbeth Firdaus , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Baskoro Mulyono , Imron Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Perikanan cumi-cumi di perairan Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia, masih belum berkembang, walaupun potensi sumber daya perikanannya sangat besar. Pendapatan nelayan masih rendah dan tingkat kemiskinan masih tinggi. Selain itu, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penurunan populasi ikan dan cumi-cumi telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran tentang kesehatan ekosistem laut. Makalah ini berfokus pada pelatihan, pendampingan pembuatan dan pemasanagan atraktor cumi-cumi di Kabupaten Kaimana Propinsi Papua di Indonesia. Konsep nilai tambah hasil perikanan dan konsep usaha bersama melaui koperasi juga diperkenalkan pada masyarakat nelayan. Metoda yang digunakan adalah pendampingan pemilihan lokasi, sosialisasi atraktor, pendampingan pembuatan atraktor, pendampingan pemasangan atraktor dan seminar tentang konsep koperasi dan nilai tambah. Efektivitas pelatihan, dan pembuatan atraktor cukup tinggi (70%) dengan indikator keberhasilan yaitu pemahaman konsep dan kemandirian pembuatan alat.  Sedangkan efektivitas atraktor itu sendiri setelah dievaluasi adalah 70% (sangat efektif). Ditemukan bahwa penerangan cahaya atraktor memiliki efek negatif pada hasil penempelan telur, sehingga disarankan untuk menambah rumbai-rumbai untuk membuat atraktor menjadi lebih remang-remang. Gagasan lain adalah pembentukan koperasi untuk memperlancar rantai pasok, termasuk penyediaan, kotak pendingin, alat angkut dengan membentuk koperasi modern dengan teknologi untuk membuka akses pada pasar yang lebih luas. Kegiatan PKM ini dinilai sangat bermanfaat dan nelayan di Kabupaten Kaimana sangat mengharapkan program ini dapat dilanjutkan ini secara berkala.
Research trends and challenges in West Germany’s development aid to Korea: Focusing on studies on technical assistance from the 1950s to the 1970s
Authors:   Korea Association of World History and Culture, Choi Jae-Ho
Published: November 2024

It is already approaching 70 years since the Republic of Korea and the Federal Republic of Germany officially established diplomatic relations. Today, most Koreans have a positive image of Germany. In many books and media, Germany is depicted as a country that has helped Korea in the past, a nation that overcame division and achieved unification, and an exemplary society that should be emulated in various fields. Historically, studies on Korea-Germany relations and development aid have not deviated from this viewpoint; only recently have studies with different historical approaches been published. Starting around 2010, various analytical papers containing new perspectives began to be published in quick succession. In particular, studies on West Germany’s provision of development aid to Korea have covered not only related achievements but also external obstacles and internal conflicts; furthermore, such research has revealed the nature and characteristics of aid projects. This paper attempts to introduce the major research trends and point out issues. The present study focused specifically on the Cold War network that served as the backdrop for the provision of development aid to Korea since the 1950s, the relationship between the reform of West Germany’s aid policy in the late 1960s and internal social change, and the cultural hegemony that emerged with regard to West Germany’s technical assistance.
An Evaluation on America’s NATO Enlargement and Its Alternatives
Authors:   Korea Association of World History and Culture, Chang Jun-Kab
Published: November 2024

Why did the United States push for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) enlargement into Eastern Europe after the Cold War? Has this effort aided or undermined US national security? Moreover, what were the roads not taken at Cold War’s end: What alternatives to NATO enlargement at it occurred were possible after 1990-1991, and what benefits and drawbacks might each of these options have entailed?
These alternatives to NATO enlargement help define the plausible roads not traveled when it comes to post-Cold War European security. In turn, evaluating how these options may have operated, and what their prospective merits and drawbacks entailed, helps us understand the actual course, conduct, and outcomes of post-Cold War European security. After all, many scholars and practitioners views NATO enlargement as the “original sin” that set the trajectory of Russian-Western relations toward their current deleterious state. Still, missing in these discussions is a serious assessment of the merits and drawbacks of the policy chosen compared with the alternatives considered.
In this paper, there are three parts to take up this task. First, I describe the key decision points that progressively created the policy of NATO enlargement over the past three decades. I then evaluate the rationale for the policy chosen and outline its costs and benefits. Finally, I consider the alternatives that were raised inside and outside the US government and suggest the costs and benefits of those approaches. My focus in this paper is narrowly on sharpening the parameters of the debate on NATO expansion in ways that can inform scholarly evaluations and highlight future policy options.
A Study of the Background on Changes in Gun and Hyon That Belong to the Data Recorded in Muju of The 『Samguksagi』 Geography Section 3 and Mujinju of The 『Samguksagi』 Geography Section 4
Authors:   Korea Association of World History and Culture, Choi Il-Rye
Published: November 2024

Mujinju recorded in Baekje Section of the 『Samguksagi』 Geography 4 was organized into 14 Guns and 44 Hyons while it was recorded to include 15 Guns and 43 Hyons in Shilla Section of the Geography 3. As it was discovered that there were a few changes between the two different data in quantity, standing and position, the data and background were examined. Firstly, it was recorded that Wolhnagun in the Baekje Section had 1 Gun and 6 Hyons while it had 3 Guns [Yeongamgun, Gapseonggun and Bannamgun] and 6 Hyons. Gapseonggun in Jangsug included Jinwonhyon and Samgyehyon nearby. Bannamgun had Yarohyon and Gonmihyon nearby as the jurisdictional Hyon. Bannamgun had good geographical conditions for trade with China at the west sea coast through the Yeongsan River channel. Gapseonggun and Bannamgun were raised to the Gun position to efficiently govern neighboring Hyons in consideration of their geographical positions. Secondly, Mujinju of Baekje Section ad 4 Guns in Boseong and Sunchon in the southeastern area while it had 3 Guns in the record of the Shillla Section. However, after the unification, dense deployment of the military defense power was not needed anymore. Thirdly, Jindo Island had 1 Gun[Injindogun] and 2 Hyons[Dosanhyon and Maegurihyon]. However, in the record of Muju in the Shilla Section, it had 1 Gun[Dasanhyon￫Noisanhyon] and 1 Hyon[Maegurihyon￫Chomtamhyon] and 1 Hyon[Injindogun￫Jindohyon] under Muangun, which was unusual. Noisangun which was a strategic route located in front of Jangsando was more profitable in trade with China than the route in Jindohyon. Therefore, it was assumed that the position of Noisangun was raised to Gun and Jindohyon was reorganized as a Sokhyon. In that point, it was suggested that the record of Jindohyon as a Sokhyon of Muangun was incorrect.