bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Universal Thick Anode for Aqueous and Seawater Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Li Pengcheng , Zhao Jianbao , Hu Ke , Jia Wenting , Gasilov Sergey , Li Ge , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2025

Aqueous and seawater energy storage devices hold great potential for electrical grids application due to safety, affordability, and sustainability. However, their broader deployment has been constrained by the absence of a durable thick anode. Here, the first universal thick anode operating stably across 15 simple‐ion and 3 complex‐ion systems, including nonmetallic (H+, NH4
+), monovalent (Li+, Na+, K+), multivalent ions (Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+), and seawater ions (>5 cations) is reported. Composed of polymer nanosheets and carbon nanotubes, this anode supports thick electrode fabrication (e.g., 100 mg cm−2 and 1 mm) with low porosity/tortuosity, superior electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and chemical stability. Consequently, it achieves exceptionable cycle life (up to 380 000 cycles) in supercapacitors and ultrahigh areal capacities (6.5 mAh cm−2) in batteries, even under practical/extreme conditions, attributed to the formation of a water‐scarce, cation‐rich electrical double‐layer structure, as revealed by simulations. Compatible with sea salt‐based electrolytes and paired with a metal‐free cathode, the anode enables seawater batteries with thousands‐cycle life and high energy/power density. Of universal ion storage, ultrahigh‐loading capability, unlimited resources, and cost‐effectiveness, this polymer electrode is promising for practical aqueous (seawater) energy devices.
Stabilizing Semi‐Interpenetrated Alginate/Pedot Hydrogels via Glyoxal‐Mediated Covalent Crosslinks for Water Steam Generation
Authors: Colombi Samuele , Mingot Julia , Morgado Jorge , Pérez‐Madrigal Maria M. , García‐Torres José , Armelin Elaine , Alemán Carlos
Published: February 2025

The chemical and physical stability of bio‐hydrogels are of utmost interest to avoid the premature degradation of the polymer and to favor cyclic material operations (i.e., material recovery and re‐using). In this work, the stability of different alginate hydrogels semi‐interpenetrated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate conducting polymer (Alg/PEDOT), which acts as a photothermal absorber is examined. More specifically, the behavior of Alg/PEDOT hydrogels ionically and covalently crosslinked with Ca2+ ions and glyoxal, respectively, has been compared when used as water purification platforms. The homogenous porosity and higher cycling capacity of the glyoxal‐crosslinked gels provide superior performance for water‐steam generation under sunlight irradiation than that of the ionically stabilized gel. Furthermore, increasing the glyoxal cross‐linking reaction time prove to have little effect on the porosity and the efficiency of freshwater supply from an artificial seawater solution. Covalent cross‐links provide thermal absorber (PEDOT:PSS) retention capacity in artificial seawater, which is critical to maintaining such efficiency with the increasing number of purification cycles. This research opens new frontiers to promote the use of alginate biopolymer in chemical engineering processes such as water desalination, directly addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Clean Water & Life on Land.
Optimized EVA Decomposition in Bifacial Solar Panels: Sustainable Recovery of Polymerized Oil and Materials
Authors: Sulkan Chitra , Kumar Thakur Prashant , Sharma Shailza , Das Neeraj
Published: February 2025

The disposal of end‐of‐life (EOL) photovoltaic (PV) solar panels presents environmental challenges due to hazardous materials and complex structure. This study proposes an optimized method for recycling bifacial solar panels, which lack a back sheet and use ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) as the sole encapsulant. The process achieves 100% recovery of valuable materials, including polymerized oil, clean glass, solar cells, and copper tape. Unlike traditional PV panels with back sheet polymers like PVF, PET, or PVDF, bifacial panels simplify the recycling process. EVA, composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, is more environmentally friendly, especially without fluorinated compounds. Using a modified pyrolysis reactor, the EVA layer is degraded in inert conditions, minimizing emissions and producing polymerized oil. This oil can be used as a lubricant, while the recovered glass, solar cells, and copper tape are reusable in manufacturing new panels. Optimized oil yield is achieved using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Box‐Behnken Design (BBD). At a heating rate of 8.92 °C min−1, a 31.82‐min hold time, and a maximum temperature of 528.22 °C, the process yields 57.53% polymerized oil. The oil is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), meeting ASTM and Australian diesel standards. This method maximizes material recovery and supports a circular economy, enhancing solar energy system sustainability.
Intestinal Gastrin/CCKBR Axis Protects against Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Intestinal Glucose Absorption through the PI3K/Akt/eIF4B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Xing , Liu Yunpeng , Long Anxiong , Liu Wei , Sun Shiyun , Lu Shuaibing , Wu Xianxian , Jia Xiaodi , Jose Pedro A , Wei Qiang , Jiang Xiaoliang , Zhang Haizeng , Yang Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

The Gastrin/CCKBR axis is essential for inhibiting intestinal sodium absorption, but its effects on intestinal glucose metabolism remain elusive. This study aims to determine the role of intestinal Gastrin/CCKBR on glucose absorption in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intestinal epithelial cell‐specific Cckbr knockout mice and control wild‐type mice are fed normal diet (ND, 10% fat) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) to study the effect of intestinal Gastrin/CCKBR on blood glucose levels. Gastrin‐SiO2 microspheres (20 mg kg−1 d−1) are designed so that gastrin specifically stimulates intestinal CCKBR, without its absorption into the circulation. Mice with silenced intestinal Cckbr has pre‐diabetes mellitus (Pre‐DM) that rapidly progressed into T2D when fed HFD. Moreover, Gastrin‐SiO2 microspheres markedly reduce glucose absorption in duodenum obtained from patients with T2D. In mice with HFD‐induced T2D, Gastrin‐SiO2 microspheres reduce intestinal glucose absorption by down‐regulating intestinal SGLT1 and GLUT2 expressions and stimulating incretin secretion. This study shows the important role of intestinal Gastrin/CCKBR in intestinal glucose absorption. Gastrin‐SiO2 microspheres may be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with T2D.
Nanomedicine Penetrating Blood‐Pancreas Barrier for Effective Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Shuya , Liu Jinjin , Shi Xiaojing , Xiong Tingli , Li Ruishi , Wei Wei , Ji Liandong , Huang Qiong , Gong Xuejun , Ai Kelong
Published: February 2025

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a primary contributor to hospitalization and in‐hospital mortality worldwide. Targeted elimination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) within pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) represents an ideal strategy for treating AP. However, existing drugs fail to overcome the physiological barriers of the pancreas to effectively reach PACs mitochondria due to the trade‐off between conventional positively charged mitochondrial‐targeting groups and their inability to penetrate the blood‐pancreas barrier (BPB). Here, a tungsten‐based heteropolyacid nano‐antioxidant (mTWNDs) is introduced, co‐modified with tannic acid (TA) and melanin, enabling site‐specific clearance of mtROS in PACs, offering a highly effective treatment for AP. TA exhibits a strong affinity for proline‐rich type III collagen and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20. This unique property allows mTWNDs to traverse the damaged BPB‐exposing type III collagen to reach PACs and subsequently penetrate mitochondria for targeted mtROS elimination. In cerulein‐induced AP mice, mTWNDs reversed AP at 1/50th the dose of N‐acetylcysteine, suppressing PACs apoptosis and inflammation by blocking the stimulator of the interferon genes pathway activation in macrophage. This study establishes a mitochondrial‐targeting antioxidant nanomedicine strategy for AP treatment.
Catheter Injectable Multifunctional Biomaterial for the Treatment of Infected Enterocutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Kim Jinjoo , Zhang Zefu , Albadawi Hassan , Keum Hyeongseop , Mayer Joseph L. , Graf Erin H. , Oklu Rahmi
Published: February 2025

Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECF) are challenging to treat contributing to high morbidity and high mortality rates, significantly impacting the quality of life of the patients. Its susceptibility to antibiotic‐resistant infections often leads to chronic inflammation, complicating treatment with conventional methods. Here, 18NC75‐10P‐1IL is reported, which is a multi‐functional shear‐thinning hydrogel comprised of gelatin and nanosilicates for injectability, an ionic liquid for bactericidal effects, and platelet rich fibrin fraction for pro‐healing properties; this biomaterial is engineered for the treatment of ECFs. Through rigorous testing, the mechanical properties of 18NC75‐10P‐1IL were tailored for catheter injection to achieve durable occlusion of fistulous tracts under external pressures simulating clinical scenarios. 18NC75‐10P‐1IL demonstrated pro‐healing effects and anti‐microbial activity against highly resistant patient‐derived bacteria known to be associated with ECF. Subcutaneous implantation and anorectal fistula models confirmed its biocompatibility, pro‐healing, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐microbial properties compared to control materials, suggesting promising potential for clinical translation in the treatment of human ECFs.
Hybrid Outer Membrane Vesicles with Genetically Engineering for Treatment of Implant‐Associated Infections and Relapse Prevention Through Host Immunomodulation
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Li Mingfei , Li Wenshuai , He Liuliang , Wang Long , Cai Kehan , Zhao Xiao , Chen Yazhou , Li Daifeng
Published: February 2025

Implant‐associated infections (IAIs) are refractory to elimination, and the local immunosuppressive microenvironment (IME) exacerbates therapeutic difficulties, ultimately causing persistence and relapse. Therefore, exploring immunostrengthening treatments holds great promise for reversing IME and thoroughly eradicating chronic or repetitive infections. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as potential immunostimulatory candidates; however, they lack active targeting capabilities and cause non‐specific inflammatory side effects. In this study, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are genetically engineered to overexpress CXCR4 and isolated cell membranes (mBMSCCXCR4) for hybridization with OMVs derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli) to produce nanovesicles (mBMSCCXCR4@OMV). The resulting mBMSCCXCR4@OMV nanovesicles demonstrate excellent bone marrow targeting capability and are effectively taken up by bone marrow‐derived macrophages, triggering the efficient transition to pro‐inflammatory M1 status through TLR/NF‐κB pathway. This alteration promotes innate bactericidal capacity and antigen presentation. Subsequent activation of T and B cells and inhibition of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) facilitated in vivo adaptive immunity in mouse models. Additionally, mBMSCCXCR4@OMV boosted memory B cell and bacteria‐specific antibody responses. Together, these data highlight the potential of mBMSCCXCR4@OMV to eradicate complicated IAIs and provide whole‐stage protection against postsurgical relapse, thus marking a significant immunotherapeutic advancement in the post‐antibiotic era.
Analysis of the spatial distribution and association of banana wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) with biophysical factors in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bekeko Zelalem , Kedir Biruk , Fininsa Chemeda
Published: February 2025

Banana wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most important diseases of banana (Musa L.) worldwide including Ethiopia. Foc is responsible for sever yield losses of up to 90% in commercial and local banana cultivars planted in southern Ethiopia. However, there is limited research information about its epidemiology, distribution, and relative importance of the disease in the country particularly in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia, where banana is dominantly grown. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate and analyze the distribution, importance, and intensity of the disease and its association with biophysical factors. Fields surveys were conducted in three major banana‐growing districts of Gamo zone in Arba Minch Zuria, Mirab Abaya, and Daramalo during the 2019/2020 cropping season in which a total of 90 fields were surveyed. The association of the disease incidence and severity with independent variables was analyzed using a logistic regression model in SAS under the GENMOD procedures. The results of the survey study indicated that Fusarium wilt was widely distributed all the three districts, regardless of agro‐ecological factors. The highest mean incidence (47.37%) and severity (46.31%) values were recorded at Daramalo, while the lowest incidence (20.75%) and severity (28.63%) values were recorded from Arba Minch Zuria district. Variables such as banana cultivars, age of plantations, weeding practices, and disease management methods were significantly associated with the incidence and severity of the disease. The use of improved cultivars reduced disease incidence by 43.60% and the severity by 30.10%, compared to that of local ones. Regression analysis of the biophysical factors with Fusarium wilt severity implied the necessity of effective and feasible integrated management options to be developed against the disease and as well as the importance of awareness raising with all stakeholders regarding its distribution, importance, and possible management options such as the usage of Foc‐resistant varieties in the study area.
Psychoses of Epilepsy: Unravelling the Phenotypic and Genotypic Features
Authors: Rayner Genevieve , Honybun Eliza , Bahlo Melanie , Oliver Karen L. , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

We analyzed the genotypic and phenotypic features of patients with psychosis of epilepsy (POE).

Methods

Patients with POE recruited to an epilepsy genetics research program underwent phenotyping and genetic analysis. The latter included screening for rare pathogenic variants in epilepsy genes, and polygenic risk score (PRS) calculation for common risk variants associated with schizophrenia.

Results

One hundred twenty‐two individuals with POE were identified. Eighty‐six of 122 of the individuals (70%) had interictal psychosis, with schizophrenia the most common interictal phenotype (36/86, 42%). Twenty‐eight of 122 of the individuals (23%) had postictal psychosis (PIP), 2 of 122 of the individuals (2%) had antiseizure medication‐induced psychosis, and 6 of 122 of the individuals (5%) had substance‐induced psychosis. Focal epilepsies were more frequently associated with PIP (24/28, 86%) compared to interictal psychosis (39/86, 45%; p < 0.05). Twenty‐nine percent of the patients with POE with genetic data had a rare pathogenic variant: 19 in an epilepsy gene (PCDH19, SCN1A, DEPDC5, KCNT1, CHD2, SLC2A1, NPRL3, CLN3, NPRL3, ATP1A3, and CACNA1A) and 4 had a chromosomal anomaly. Fifty‐seven percent of the patients with a rare pathogenic variant had interictal schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder rather than PIP (9%; p < 0.05). PRSs showed that schizophrenia‐related common risk variants were enriched in patients with POE compared to population controls (p = 0.0007), however, among the POE phenotypes, a raised PRS was only observed in interictal schizophrenia (p = 0.015) and not in those with PIP or other interictal POEs.

Interpretation

Interictal POE is threefold more common than PIP, and more likely to be associated with both rare pathogenic variants for epilepsy and common risk variants for schizophrenia. Distinguishing between different POE phenotypes enhances clinical practice and our understanding of etiology, paving the way for precision medicine. ANN NEUROL 2025
Highly effective and durable integrated‐chainmail electrode for H2 production through H2S electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Mo , Wang Zuochao , Jiang Liumo , Bo Xin , Cui Xiaoju , Deng Dehui
Published: February 2025

H₂S is a prevalent yet toxic gas commonly encountered during fossil fuel extraction, whose electrolysis not only addresses pollution concerns but also facilitates hydrogen production. However, the advancement of H₂S electrolysis at high current density has been impeded by the lack of stable and highly active electrodes that can endure the corrosive effects of H₂S poisoning. Herein, we present an integrated‐chainmail electrode that features dual‐level chainmail structure with graphene encapsulating nickel foam (Ni@NC foam) to enhance H₂S electrolysis. The electrode comprises a primary chainmail, formed by graphene coating on the surface of nickel foam, and a secondary chainmail, created by graphene encapsulating nickel nanoparticles. This integrated‐chainmail structure significantly enhances both the activity and stability of nickel foam, which delivers an industrial‐scale high current density exceeding 1 A cm⁻² at 1.12 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, above five times higher than nickel foam. Moreover, the Ni@NC foam remains stable over 300 hours of test, demonstrating a lifespan at least ten times longer than nickel foam. In a demo for H₂S removal from simulated natural gas, the Ni@NC foam as the electrodes exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 272 ml min⁻¹, while reducing electricity consumption by 43% compared with traditional water electrolysis.
Noble Gas Provides a Solution to the Synthesis‐On‐Inert‐Surfaces Challenge for Extended Covalent Nanostructures
Authors: Grossmann Lukas , Korn Sascha , Breuer Rochus , Schmittel Michael , Weber Heiko B. , Heckl Wolfgang M. , Lackinger Markus
Published: February 2025

A key milestone in the field of On‐Surface Synthesis (OSS) is the development of generic protocols for covalent coupling on inert surfaces. Typically, metal surfaces are used in OSS, but the strong interactions distort the intrinsic properties of the synthesized nanostructures and therefore compromise their applicability. Inert surfaces, on the other hand, preserve the nanostructures’ unique properties, but present challenges during synthesis: Activation energies are generally higher than on metal surfaces, hence thermally activated coupling on inert surfaces is severely hampered by competing premature desorption of the reactants. Using the coupling of 1,3,5‐tris(4‐mercaptophenyl)benzene (TMB) via carbon‐sulfur‐carbon thioether bonds, we demonstrate that annealing in a noble gas atmosphere instead of in a vacuum kinetically inhibits desorption. This allows covalent coupling on both inert graphite and even more weakly interacting graphene surfaces. We anticipate generic potential for this approach, with future experiments exploring the expandability of ambient pressure annealing to a portfolio of other coupling protocols.
Higher Contrast in 1H‐Observed NMR Ligand Screening with the PEARLScreen Experiment
Authors: Lorz Nils , Czarniecki Barbara , Loss Sandra , Meier Benno , Gossert Alvar D.
Published: February 2025

For initial hit identification in fragment‐based drug design, NMR is one of the preferred methods, with the well‐established ligand screening experiments T1ρ, waterLOGSY and STD. Here, we present a new, perfect echo‐based experiment with superior binding sensitivity, the PEARLScreen. The sensitivity enhancement is based on longer relaxation delays as well as active exchange broadening, enabled by the perfect echo scheme. This allowed a reduction of the protein concentration by up to one order of magnitude in comparison to the conventional experiments on the same screening setup without losing binding sensitivity. The experiment was tested throughout the whole field range of commercially available spectrometers from 80 to 1200 MHz, where at the highest field even a reduction of the required protein amount by a factor of 40 is within reach, thanks to larger compound mixtures and enhanced exchange effects. Based on the superior performance already on standard NMR setups, we expect the PEARLScreen to become the standard screening experiment for 1H‐detected ligand screening.
Nanopore Confinement‐driven Synchronous Enhancement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phase Change Materials
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Zhaoyi , Liu Zihan , Li Haimo , Feng Yanhui
Published: February 2025

Phase change materials (PCM) need highly thermally conductive inorganic porous skeletons to encapsulate and shape to reduce their leakage and enhance their thermal conduction. With the pore size shrinking to nanoscale, the crystallization, kinematic and thermal transport behaviors of PCM would be significantly changed. This work experimentally corroborates an intriguing nanopore confinement space effect that synchronously enhances the thermal conductivity and Young's modulus of representative PCM once encapsulated in nanoporous aluminum oxide using nanometer resolution thermal and mechanical mapping technique. Molecular dynamic simulation further reveals that the shortened hydrogen bond length due to the nanopore confinement facilitates the heat conduction of PCM, which refreshes the routine understanding that smaller space leads to reduction in thermal and mechanical properties.
Regulating Molecular Chain Entanglement to Enhance Spinnability: Optimizing PMIA Fiber Production Through Neutralizer Selection
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Yan Xiang , Liang Shuheng , Xu Zhao , Shi Leyuan , Cao Kaikai , Zhou Wanli , Peng Tao , Liu Pengqing , Jiang Mengjin
Published: February 2025

Synthesis of poly‐m‐phenylene isophthalamide (PMIA) solutions via polycondensation inherently generates HCl as a by‐product, adversely affecting polymer stability and necessitating neutralization. Introducing neutralizers adds water, a non‐solvent for PMIA, and cosolvent salts into the solution. Water induces curling of the polymer chains, reducing interchain entanglement and decreasing viscosity and elasticity of the solution. Adversely, cosolvent salts containing central ions with higher valence states and smaller ionic radii exhibit increased charge density and polarization capacity. It promotes more effective coordination bonding, forming a stronger entanglement network that affects the rheological properties of the spinning solution. This study systematically investigates the rheological behavior of PMIA solutions neutralized with different agents and characterize the structure and properties of fibers produced via the dry‐jet‐wet spinning. Results reveal that solutions neutralized with Li2CO3 or CaCO3 exhibit appropriate viscosity and relatively low levels of chain entanglement, which are conducive to enhanced spinnability. Moreover, fibers spun from these solutions display smooth surfaces and elliptical cross‐sections without noticeable defects or voids. Considering both economic viability and the superior mechanical properties of the fibers, CaCO3 is the preferred neutralizer for PMIA solutions, resulting in fibers with high tensile strength (4.87 cN/dtex) due to increased crystallinity and molecular orientation.
The Structuring Role of Rhodolith Beds on Meiobenthic Communities in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cocozza di Montanara Adele , Semprucci Federica , Rendina Francesco , Russo Giovanni Fulvio , Sandulli Roberto
Published: February 2025

Rhodolith beds are globally distributed structurally complex habitats formed by the aggregation of unattached forms of non‐geniculate coralline red algae. They provide key ecosystem functions and services, supporting feeding, settlement and nursery provision for several species. Despite their importance, the associated faunal biodiversity is poorly known, particularly with regard to meiofauna. The Mediterranean is particularly lacking in data; here, meiofaunal samples were collected in three sites from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy) aiming to characterize for the first time the meiofaunal communities associated with mesophotic rhodolith beds, exploring whether the microhabitat structure of rhodoliths influences variations in meiofaunal composition compared to the underlying sediment microhabitat. A total of 17 taxa was recorded. A high level of dissimilarity was found between the two different microhabitat types (i.e., rhodoliths and sediments), suggesting that meiofauna is more influenced by ‘micro’ than ‘macro’ spatial scale from both a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Rhodoliths showed a distinct meiofauna represented by copepods and many representative taxa of temporary meiofauna (macrofaunal juveniles), supporting the nursery role of rhodoliths. Conversely, sediments were mainly composed of sediment‐dwelling organisms (nematodes and platyhelminthes). The presence of such a multifaceted meiobenthic community, especially in more structurally complex rhodoliths, might favour the resilience of the system and recovery processes after environmental perturbations. These findings underline the key role of rhodoliths as habitat formers and biodiversity/stability enhancers in coastal ecosystems.
Microcystin‐Lr‐Induced Changes in Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, and Lipid Metabolism of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Gu Peng , Ding Yi , Zhang Wanqing , Yang Kunlun , Zhang Zengshuai , Ren Xueli , Su Hua , Miao Hengfeng
Published: February 2025

Biological treatment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has proven to be an effective method for the resource utilization of cyanobacteria, but the effects of microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR) in cyanobacteria on BSFL growth have not been adequately explored. To evaluate the inhibitory effect and toxic mechanism of MC‐LR on BSFL, the growth performance and intestinal microbiota were examined after exposure to 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/kg of MC‐LR. The larval weight and survival rate were each significantly inhibited by 21.53% and 21.49% compared with the control group, respectively, after exposure at a concentration of 1000 μg/kg MC‐LR for 16 days. Lipid accumulation, intestinal inflammation, and oxidative stress were observed in three treatment groups, with dose‐dependent inflammation ocurring in the intestine. Compared with the control group, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity levels were significantly increased by 74.91% and 49.58%, respectively, which confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress induced by MC‐LR. Furthermore, MC‐LR altered the diversity of intestinal microbiota and increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Paenibacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Lachnoclostridium), which increased the risk of disease in BSFL and contributed to observed metabolic disorders. On the other hand, qRT‐PCR analysis further confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress and the activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signaling pathway, resulting in the upregulation of fatty acid synthesis‐related genes, ultimately leading to lipid accumulation and apoptosis. These findings provide valuable insights into the ecological risks associated with MC‐LR during the process of cyanobacterial resource utilization.
Intron Retention, an Orchestrated Program of Gene Expression Regulation
Authors: Zhou Hua , Deng Xing Wang
Published: February 2025

Intron retention (IR), a well‐conserved form of alternative splicing, is widespread among eukaryotic organisms. It serves as an orchestrated program for regulating gene expression. A previously reported role of IR is to induce intron‐retained transcript (IRT) degradation via the nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway, resulting in the downregulation of gene expression. However, accumulating evidence indicates that most IRTs are detained in the nucleus, and thus, IR can downregulate gene expression through the storage of IRTs in the nucleus. Although the importance of IRTs in gene expression regulation is well established, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we propose a potential model to explain how IRTs are retained in the nucleus and respond to environmental changes or developmental transitions. Plenty of future studies are still ahead of us to fully dissect the biological function of IR and the underlying mechanisms.
Maintenance Therapy With Avelumab for Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Real‐World, Ambispective RAVE‐Bladder Study
Authors: Tsimafeyeu Ilya , Gridneva Yana , Sultanbaev Alexander , Anzhiganova Yulia , Gluzman Mark , Mochalova Anastasia , Shkurat Alexey , Israelyan Edgar , Parsadanova Elvira , Murzina Yulia , Ivanov Aleksei , Kalpinskiy Alexey , Stativko Olesia , Petkau Vladislav , Karabina Elena , Kеln Artyom , Tovbik Natalya , Safina Sufia , Turganova Maria , Kopyltsov Evgeny , Bragina Varvara , Novikova Olga , Lebedinets Andrei , Vodolazskiy Vladislav , Rumyantsev Alexey , Zukov Ruslan , Pokataev Ilya , Orlova Rashida , Volkova Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

This ambispective study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of avelumab maintenance in a real‐world population of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (UC).

Methods

Patients with metastatic UC and measurable disease that had not progressed following first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy were treated with maintenance avelumab (800 mg administered every 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 110 patients were enrolled. The majority of patients were male (81%), with a median age of 65 years (range, 36–84). The median OS was not reached, with a 1‐year OS rate of 78.7%. The median PFS was 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.8–11.2 months). The ORR to first‐line chemotherapy was 48.2%, and an additional 34.6% of patients responded to avelumab therapy (16 complete and 22 partial responses). Grade 3 adverse events during avelumab therapy were experienced by 11.8% of patients.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate similar efficacy and safety of avelumab in a real‐world setting when compared to data from pivotal study.

Trial Registration: KCRB registry number: RAVE‐Bladder
The Role of Lymphocyte Recovery Index in Prognosis Prediction for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer With Radiation‐Induced Lymphopenia
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Ao , Wang Xin , Guo Longxiang , Li Yuanlin , Liu Defeng , Liu Xiuli , Li Zhichao , Li Minghuan
Published: February 2025

Background

In patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), the high incidence of radiation‐induced lymphopenia significantly affects prognosis. There are significant variations in lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery patterns among patients, and their impact on prognosis remains unclear. This study aims to quantify the lymphocyte recovery patterns by the lymphocyte recovery index (LRI) and evaluate its prognostic value.

Methods

This study reviewed patients with LACC who had ALCs available within 6 months post‐CCRT. Lymphopenia was graded using CTCAE 5.0, and lymphocyte recovery patterns were quantified using LRI (the ratio of ALCs at 6 months post‐treatment to baseline ALCs). Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between LRI, other clinical factors, and survival. The dose–volume of bone marrow (BM) following pelvic radiotherapy was collected, and measurements of spleen standardized uptake value (SUV) and spleen‐to‐liver SUVmax ratio (SLR) were obtained from pre‐treatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for LRI.

Results

A total of 180 patients were included retrospectively. During CCRT, 53 patients (29.4%) experienced G4 lymphopenia. The median LRI was 53.4% (range 13.2%–159.4%). Multivariable analysis revealed that LRI, G4 lymphopenia, and FIGO stage were associated with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis revealed that the degree of lymphopenia (G4 and G1‐3) did not affect the correlation between LRI and PFS (P: 0.001 and 0.011) or OS (P: 0.003 and 0.043). Regarding FIGO stage, the impact of LRI on PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001) was primarily observed in patients with FIGO stage > II. Logistic analysis identified BM‐V10 > 96.0% and SLR > 0.90 as independent risk factors for LRI.

Conclusion

In patients with LACC after CCRT, the LRI is associated with prognosis. Splenic metabolism and BM irradiation are associated with lymphocyte recovery.
10‐year follow‐up of adolescent leukemia diagnosed through gingiva: A case report
Authors: Yang Gang , Tu Yuan , Hu Wenjie , Feng Xianghui
Published: February 2025

Background

Systemic diseases often present initial signs through oral manifestations, making early recognition essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) commonly experience gingival issues. This case report discusses the treatment and outcomes of a 12‐year‐old female patient who presented with gingival swelling and pain and was subsequently diagnosed with ALL.

Methods

The patient underwent chemotherapy and basic periodontal supragingival scaling. Comprehensive clinical assessments, oral photographs, and imaging data were recorded at the initial visit, and at follow‐ups 8 years and 10 years later.

Results

A routine blood test and bone marrow aspiration confirmed a diagnosis of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐cell ALL). After 1 year of chemotherapy with rituximab, the patient recovered and was discharged. An 8‐year follow‐up revealed significant clinical attachment gain and healthy gingival status, and complete recovery was observed at a 10‐year follow‐up.

Conclusions

Adolescents presenting with swollen and bleeding gums should be evaluated for potential leukemia. Dentists, especially periodontists, should be aware of the oral manifestations of ALL and coordinate with medical professionals to establish a comprehensive, long‐term treatment plan. Periodontal health in adolescents with ALL can improve significantly with leukemia remission and appropriate basic periodontal therapy.

Key points

Oral manifestations as early indicators: In adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), systemic symptoms may be minimal or absent. Early recognition of oral changes, such as gingival swelling or bleeding, is crucial for timely diagnosis.

Long‐term periodontal recovery: A 10‐year follow‐up indicates that periodontal health can improve following leukemia treatment and basic periodontal therapy, although longer follow‐up is recommended to assess the stability of recovery.

Plain Language Summary

It is challenging to recognize systemic diseases early through oral manifestations in adolescents, which is critical for accurate diagnosis. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a disease of the blood system that manifests itself in the gingiva. This case report describes the early recognition of adolescent ALL through gingival swelling and pain as the initial clinical manifestation and recorded the 10‐year follow‐up process. After chemotherapy, the patient was cured. In the 8th year, the red, swollen and painful gingiva was relieved, no significant resorption of the alveolar bone was observed, and the periodontal condition was fully recovered two years after basic treatment. This case emphasizes the importance of dentists being vigilant for signs of systemic disease in the oral cavity and the role of long‐term periodontal maintenance.
Salvage En Bloc Resection for Refractory Recurrent Pure Testicular Seminoma: A Case Report
Authors: Mohammadianpanah Mohammad , Andalibi Susan , Ansari Mansour , Nasrollahi Hamid , Mosalaei Ahmad , Omidvari Shapour , Mokhtari Maral , Ahmadloo Niloofar , Mohammad Hosseini Ehsan
Published: February 2025

Treating recurrent or cisplatin‐refractory germ cell tumors remains a clinically problematic situation. Although testicular cancer has a good overall cure rate, some patients with metastatic GCTs who did not respond to initial treatments have few therapeutic alternatives and face significant fatality rates. This case showed the successful implementation of radical surgery for patients with refractory seminoma in clinical practice.
Development and Initial Use of a New Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Database Integrating Both Eastern and Western Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Yan Jingshuang , Ren Rongrong , Chang Ruqi , Dan Wanyue , Zhang Xiaohan , Pan Fei , Yan Bin , Lee Hongzhe , Josie Ni , Sun Gang , Peng Lihua , Wu Gary D. , Yang Yunsheng
Published: February 2025

Background

The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents significant medical and societal challenges. A well‐designed IBD database is crucial for both epidemiological studies and clinical management. However, inconsistencies between regional databases hinder cross‐institutional and international research, especially between Eastern and Western societies.

Methods

We developed a new IBD database, the 301 IBD database, integrating the IBD clinical characteristics from the Penn IBD database (USA) and the latest IBD guidelines and consensus and clinical practices of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (PLAGH). We applied this database to analyze clinical data of IBD inpatients at PLAGH from 2008 to 2023.

Results

The 301 IBD database contains 490 items in 6 sections including demographic characteristics, personal history, clinical phenotype, disease activity, laboratory tests and examinations, and treatment. Features of the 301 IBD database include inpatient focus, biochemical indicators and opportunistic infection focus, and more about ulcerative colitis (UC)‐associated complications. Single‐center analysis revealed an increasing hospitalization trend, from 2.35% in 2008 to 3.94% in 2023. We found that the clinical characteristics of our UC inpatients are predominantly male (62.5%), extensive lesions (55.1%), low usage of biologics (4.1%), and a high incidence of UC‐CRC (3.0%). The clinical characteristics of CD inpatients included male predominance (68.39%), early onset age (35.43 ± 14.75‐year‐old), and high rate of surgery (25.81%).

Conclusion

The 301 IBD database, integrating Eastern and Western clinical data, provides a valuable tool for IBD clinical research. Future international, multicenter collaborations are expected to further enhance its utility.
Monitoring On‐Surface Chemical Reactions by Low‐Energy Electron Microscopy: from Conformation Change to Ring Closure in 2D Molecular Gas
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Frezza Federico , Sánchez-Grande Ana , Carrera Manuel , Chen Qifan , Stará Veronika , Kurowská Anna , Curiel David , Jelínek Pavel , Cechal Jan
Published: February 2025

On‐surface synthesis is a promising strategy for the preparation of molecules that are not achievable otherwise. Understanding the mechanism of on‐surface reactions requires knowledge of the molecular structure and possible organization of reactants into supramolecular assemblies during the reaction. Scanning probe techniques are essential for the unambiguous identification of the products and for determining their electronic and magnetic properties. However, these are generally not capable of imaging the surface at reaction conditions and, therefore, answering some of the key questions about the reaction mechanism. Here, we show that real‐time low‐energy electron microscopy  can monitor the surface processes in real time and provide the necessary complementary mechanistic insights into on‐surface reactions. We monitor the intramolecular ring‐closure reaction of 1,3,5‐tris(7‐methyl‐α‐carbolin‐6‐yl)benzene on the Au(111) surface and show that it takes place in the 2D molecular gas phase at elevated temperatures. Products condense into separate islands upon cooling, enabling fast and efficient assessment of product yields. This makes LEEM an efficient tool for studying intramolecular chemical reactions.
Unlocking the Potential of Rare Earth‐Enriched Aluminum Oxo Clusters for Enhanced Dielectric Properties
Authors: Ji Ruiduan , Liu Xiaoyu , Pei Haizhou , Fang Wei‐Hui , Huang Weiguo , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

This study highlights the innovative use of increased rare earth elements to enhance the dielectric properties of materials and devices. The AlOC‐129Ln series, features the highest number of rare earth dopants in aluminum oxo clusters to date. The trivalent ions in AlOC‐129Ln impart a high dipole moment, significantly elevating the dielectric constant (k) of the doped polymer films. AlOC‐129Ce, in particular, exhibits the largest molecular size, which enhances interfacial effects and achieves a relative dielectric constant four times greater than that of undoped polymers and 1.5 times higher than those with single rare earth dopants. The substantial molecular size (~2.5 nm) and robust charge scattering and trapping capabilities of AlOC‐129Ln reduce dielectric loss by up to 50% at high frequencies. Additionally, its excellent solution processability enhances breakdown strength by 147%, ensuring superior electrical stability. This research demonstrates the versatility of the cluster doping strategy in effectively balancing dielectric constant and loss, unveiling the promising potential of solution‐processable cluster materials in electronic devices.
The Recruitment and Immune Suppression Mechanisms of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Impact on Bone Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Xue Yucheng , Yinwang Eloy , Ye Zhaoming
Published: February 2025

Background

MDSCs are immature neutrophils and monocytes with immunosuppressive potentials, involving mononuclear MDSCs (M‐MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs).

Recent Findings

They are significant components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, recent studies also verified that MDSCs also facilitated the progression of bone metastasis by regulating the network of cytokines and the function of immune cells.

Conclusion

It is necessary to summarize the mechanisms of MDSC recruitment and immunosuppression, and their impact on bone metastasis.
Nutrition Security During Cancer: A Qualitative Investigation Among Patients With Cancer on Active Treatment From an Area of Persistent Poverty
Authors: Raber Margaret , Love Brad , Vazquez Maria , Ghosh Charulata , Rechis Ruth , Oestman Katherine , Ho‐Pham Thy , LaRue Denise , Walsh Michael T. , Kizub Darya , Ma Hilary , Basen‐Engquist Karen
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this paper was to qualitatively explore the eating habits and experience of nutrition security during cancer treatment among patients from an area of persistent poverty being treated in a safety net hospital oncology program.

Methods

Eleven in‐depth interviews were conducted with current individuals with cancer who were (1) undergoing active cancer treatment at LBJ Hospital, (2) over 18 years old, (3) English speaking, and (4) residing in an Acres Homes zip code. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken by four members of the study team, which brought together diverse expertise in health disparities, nutrition, food culture, and health communication.

Results

Four main themes emerged from the data, including (1) food beliefs and eating behaviors in the context of cancer, (2) social and economic influences on food selection, procurement, and preparation, (3) lived experience of resiliency and coping with limited resources, and (4) the role of relationships (including social support, family, medical teams) in diet and food choice.

Conclusion

Findings from this study begin to fill a gap in knowledge regarding the complexities of managing nutritional needs among patients residing in an area of persistent poverty, which can inform the development of future health systems and community‐based resources for those negotiating both cancer and chronically limited resources.
High‐resolution genome‐wide association study reveals two genes influencing dietary fiber content in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Li Guiting , Cao Hengchun , Yang Weifei , Ju Ming , Ma Qin , Wang Cuiying , Zhang Zhanyou , Tian Qiuzhen , Chen Jiayuan , Yuan Qingli , Du Hua , Miao Hongmei , Zhang Haiyang
Published: February 2025

Dietary fiber is widely recognized for its beneficial effects on human health, and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds are an important source of dietary fiber. However, efforts to improve sesame for higher fiber have been constrained by limited knowledge of the genetic factors underlying this trait. In this study, we identified a strong correlation between fiber and sugar content, both of which are significantly influenced by genetic factors. A large‐scale analysis of 222 sesame germplasm resources revealed genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (n = 1,535,018), insertions and deletions (InDels; n = 325,371), and structure variations (SVs; n = 29,028). Linkage disequilibrium and genome‐wide association studies identified an InDel quantitative trait locus targeting the SiLAC3 gene, which caused a gene frameshift mutation significantly associated with both sugar and dietary fiber traits. Furthermore, a 1201‐bp deletion SV in the coding and 3′ untranslated regions of the SiXTH30 gene was associated with high fiber content. Notably, two accessions (CX150 and CX546) with pyramiding favorable alleles of these two mutated genes exhibited a significant increase in fiber content compared to accessions with only one favorable allele. We also found two candidate genes highly expressed during the early and middle stages of seed development, both of which have been previously reported to play important roles in cell wall fiber content. In conclusion, our findings highlight two key fiber‐associated candidate genes, which could serve as valuable resources for molecular breeding aimed at increasing fiber content in sesame seeds.
The Impact of Female Board Representation on Corporate Environmental, Social and Governance Performance: A Dual Perspective Based on Institutional Environment and Market Competition
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) is attracting increasing attention from governments and various stakeholders. However, since incorporating a large number of environmental and social governance measures into corporate business strategies will affect a company's short‐term financial performance, it is difficult for ESG strategies to gain the decision‐making support of the board of directors. Female board representation, on the other hand, can address the above‐mentioned challenges by virtue of their acumen in environmental subsidies and their pro‐environmental market image. Nevertheless, the existing literature has not recognized the advantages of female board representation in these two aspects. Based on this, drawing on the Upper Echelons Theory and Gender Socialization Theory, this paper takes the listed companies on China's stock markets from 2014 to 2022 as a sample and uses a fixed effects model to analyze the impact of female board representation (FBR) on ESG. The research findings show that when there are two or three female board members, it significantly improves ESG performance. Secondly, from the perspective of the institutional environment, environmental subsidies amplify the positive impact of FBR on ESG. However, market competition has the opposite effect and may even offset the positive impact of environmental subsidies. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that FBR has a greater positive impact on the ESG performance of companies in non‐critical industries and those that have established environmental committees.