bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les aventures de la justice. Quelques réflexions sur l’apport de la sociologie des conventions à l’analyse des politiques d’éducation et de formation à la charnière des XX e et XXI e siècles
Authors: Derouet Jean-Louis
Published: September 2018

Quel a été l’apport de la sociologie des conventions à la recherche en éducation et spécialement à l’étude des politiques françaises depuis les années 1980 ? La période a connu un intense travail sur la définition de la justice en éducation et plusieurs systèmes de convention se sont succédé. Une première matrice repose sur la gestion de la tension entre les objectifs d’égalité et les objectifs d’efficacité. Le compromis proposé par l’idéal d’égalité des chances était en crise depuis les années 1960 ; les reformulations fondées sur la recherche de l’équité n’ont pas tenu et la globalisation a amené un fort déplacement du curseur vers la recherche de la performance. Une nouvelle organisation s’est mise en place, fondée sur les principes du nouveau management public. Elle est fortement interrogée depuis la fin du XX e  siècle par les migrations et la revendication de reconnaissance des différences. Une nouvelle matrice se met en place autour de l’objectif d’intégration. Cette matrice retrouve les perspectives durkheimiennes qui avaient été à l’origine de la discipline, mais dans une conjoncture bien différente : il s’agirait à la fois de fonder un nouveau cosmopolitisme qui prenne en compte la pluralité des discours de vérité tout en maintenant des valeurs humanistes et démocratiques et de repenser la redistribution dans un cadre global qui pense ensemble les problèmes du Nord et les problèmes du Sud.
Conventions de qualité et régimes d’action publique : comment comprendre les mutations du système marocain d’éducation et de formation
Authors: Verdier Éric
Published: September 2018

Cette analyse de politiques d’éducation et de formation met en évidence plusieurs conventions de qualité reposant sur des compromis sociétaux entre des conceptions du bien commun liées à l’histoire de chaque pays et soumises à des épreuves qui interrogent leur cohérence et leur performance. Au Maroc, sous l’égide d’un État développeur et planificateur, un “vocationalisme intégré” hybride une tradition académique héritée de la colonisation française et une tentative inaboutie d’implantation d’une convention d’inspiration néo-corporatiste : formation en alternance, etc. La légitimité de la formation professionnelle reste limitée, ce qui favorise la massification de l’enseignement supérieur, dont, pourtant, une large part des diplômés est confrontée au chômage et au déclassement. Ces difficultés donnent prise à une régulation marchande qui se traduit par l’essor d’une offre privée censée être plus efficace. Le risque est celui de la prééminence d’une régulation concurrentielle où la formation des jeunes en tant que bien commun s’efface sous l’effet des stratégies individuelles et la recherche de rentes sociales. L’image de l’école véhiculée par le sens commun est celle d’une institution en crise, cible de critiques qui lui imputent toutes les autres crises : celle de l’économie, parce qu’elle ne qualifierait pas les apprenants pour le marché de l’emploi, celle de la culture, car elle ne renforcerait pas le civisme parmi les jeunes générations et celle de la société, parce qu’elle aurait failli à sa mission éducative de former un citoyen responsable.
Le paradoxe du développement de la sociologie de l’éducation au Québec
Authors: Doray Pierre , Groleau Amélie , Lessard Claude
Published: September 2018

L’article présente à partir de l’exemple québécois des évolutions qui ont concerné la sociologie de l’éducation dans de nombreux pays. Un paradoxe apparaît : les questions d’éducation ont presque disparu des départements universitaires de sociologie, en revanche la discipline joue un rôle structurant dans la constitution de nouveaux domaines concernant le genre, les minorités, les villes, l’enfance. Dans ce cadre, elle joue un rôle important dans la constitution de l’opinion et les débats politiques. La situation québécoise présente cependant une originalité. Dans les pays européens, les rapports de confiance qui s’étaient établis dans les années 1960 entre les sciences sociales, l’opinion et les politiques d’État-providence n’ont pas résisté aux difficultés rencontrées par les tentatives de démocratisation. L’expertise est passée à des Centres de ressources internationaux qui filtrent les résultats des recherches universitaires. Au Québec, la circulation des savoirs sur laquelle s’était appuyée la Révolution tranquille s’est maintenue.
Hétérogénéité des élèves à l’école. Retour sur des catégories de pensée et d’action
Authors: Bélanger Nathalie , Maunier Sophie
Published: September 2018

Il s’agit ici de traiter de l’évolution des catégories de pensée et d’action visant à saisir l’hétérogénéité des élèves à partir d’une lecture thématique et diachronique de rapports de commissions d’enquête sur l’éducation en Ontario, sachant que l’éducation est de juridiction provinciale au Canada. À la frontière des héritages français et anglais, au cœur d’un processus de réconciliation avec le monde autochtone, il apparaît pertinent d’interroger ce terrain en contrepoint des connaissances accumulées à ce sujet tant en France, aux États-Unis qu’en Grande-Bretagne, sans prétendre toutefois faire le tour de cette ambitieuse thématique.
Une politique publique sous tension. La lutte de l’Éducation nationale contre les théories du complot. Note de recherche
Authors: Haderbache Sarah
Published: September 2018

Cette note de recherche travaille un champ de recherche qui se constitue autour du développement de nouvelles formes de socialisation politique. Une partie des jeunes reproche en France à l’école de la République de ne pas mettre en œuvre les principes qu’elle enseigne et se construit ailleurs, en particulier en s’appuyant sur les informations diffusées par les réseaux sociaux. Les théories du complot y occupent une place majeure. Elles mettent en doute la réalité de certains attentats islamistes ou les présentent comme le résultat de manipulations. Le ministère a tenté de réagir après le refus de certains élèves de s’associer à la minute de silence demandée après les attentats du 13 novembre 2015 et a créé une commission de réflexion. La note analyse la manière dont celle-ci navigue entre deux écueils : la relativisation (le phénomène ne touche, pour le moment, qu’un nombre limité de jeunes) et le risque de stigmatiser une partie de la population : les jeunes d’origine maghrébine sont particulièrement sensibles à la dénonciation de la vision du monde portée par les médias occidentaux.
L’Open science au prisme de la Commission européenne
Authors: Chartron Ghislaine
Published: September 2018

L’article étudie le changement de culture épistémique que représente la notion d’open science portée par la Commission européenne. Le processus progresse sans entraîner les débats que son importance mériterait. Des travaux sont menés dans le domaine de l’information et de la communication : l’objectif est d’ouvrir un espace de réflexion commun avec la sociologie de l’éducation. La démarche commence par un récapitulatif des mesures et recommandations de la Commission qui, de 2006 à 2018, ont étayé cette montée en puissance. Elle présente ensuite une analyse des deux grands récits qui l’ont accompagnée. Le récit officiel met en avant la rapidité de la circulation des connaissances, les possibilités de coopération entre les chercheurs et le développement des liens entre la recherche et l’innovation industrielle. Un récit distancié met au contraire en évidence un glissement de la possibilité d’ouverture vers l’injonction et une situation où les chercheurs risquent de perdre la maîtrise de la diffusion des connaissances qu’ils produisent. La réflexion se conclut en évoquant diverses propositions de compromis qui pourraient laisser à la communauté scientifique le pilotage de l’opération tout en l’inscrivant dans un nouveau cadre économique et institutionnel.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Adults: Part II: Considerations for Inhaler Selection
Authors: Bystrak Tamara , Eisenhower Christine
Published: September 2018

Inhaler administration for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be challenging, as it requires correct recall and execution of multiple steps. Older adults may have a higher risk of incorrectly administering inhalers versus the general population due to age-related visual, cognitive, and functional impairments. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2018 report states that in addition to advanced age, use of multiple inhalers and lack of previous inhaler education can negatively impact technique. Improper inhaler use can lead to poor disease control, increased acute care utilization, and reduced quality of life. Therefore, regular evaluation of technique is emphasized by the GOLD guidelines to improve patient outcomes. Health care professionals on geriatric interdisciplinary teams can work together to achieve proper technique and evaluate for age-related limitations that may guide the choice of inhalers in older adults with COPD. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(10), 10–15.]
Cognitive Style
Authors: Busari Abdul Halim
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the unique role of cognitive style decision making by digging into knowledge taken from different models and theories by different researchers and indicators developed by different authors. To understand the cognitive style, different models and theories were discussed in this chapter. The aim of this chapter is to give deep understanding of cognitive styles. Different theories and models from pieces of literature are explored. Based on a thorough review, this conceptual paper/chapter is given.
Marketing and Technologies Platforms in Smart F-Store
Authors: Santos José Duarte , Almeida Fernando Luís
Published: September 2018

Social networks, originally built as channels for personal interaction, are being used in the commercial market as a support for product sales. The use of applications integrated in social networks appears as an opportunity to explore by companies. Facestore emerged in 2013 as the first e-commerce solution integrated in social networks, allowing the creation of online stores within Facebook, without the customer having to leave the social network interface. Operations like looking into the catalog, choosing the product, and paying the transaction is carried out without the customer need to open a new website. The use of Facestore offers direct and indirect benefits on the different areas of an organization. At the direct level, there are changes in processes in terms of customer service and marketing and sales. However, its use also potentiates indirect benefits in other organizational areas, such as operations, finance, administration and information technologies support, human resources, and research and development.
Recruiting Teachers of Mathematics
Authors: Burbank Mary D. , Rorrer Andrea K. , Shooter Wynn
Published: September 2018

Calls for recruitment and retention into teaching remain at all-time highs in math and science. Response initiatives may include alternative routes to licensure (ARL), streamlined curricula, financial incentives for participants, and intensive on-the-job training. While ARLs offer potential for innovation, challenges also exist when trying to maintain preparation quality and integrity. This project presents end-of-program findings from a five-year investigation into the factors that contribute to quality teacher preparation within an ARL framework. Summative outcomes document program dimensions where research-intensive preparation goals align with priorities for increasing the pool of future teachers. The roles of teacher mentors, curriculum impact, and classroom-based practica are highlighted.
Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Partnerships
Authors: Decker Derek , Roth Jennifer , Cooner Donna
Published: September 2018

The Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) set forth a set of new standards that demand excellence to produce educators who raise P-12 student achievement. This pilot multi-case study describes perspectives and across-case themes of the lived experiences of national key stakeholders in educator preparation programs and their professional development school (PDS) partnership system. CAEP's five guiding principles of Standard 2: Clinical Partnerships and Practice as a priori codes describe experiences and perspectives of three key stakeholders of the university's clinical partnership. The three key stakeholders include (1) university-based teacher educators, (2) school-based teacher educators, and (3) teacher candidates. The researchers discuss results and implications for practice and offer avenues for future research.
Integrating Mathematics and Science Methods Classes With an Afterschool STEM Club
Authors: Brown Rachael Eriksen
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes a model of integrating an elementary mathematics methods course with an afterschool club in order to support pre-service teachers' development of a teaching practice. The goal of the model was to help pre-service teachers integrate theory and practice as well as begin to notice particular elements of a classroom and lesson. Details of the model, the course, and how the partnership with the elementary school was formed are shared. In addition, results from analyzing pre-service teachers' journal responses indicate most teachers focused on classroom management initially; however, writing shifted to focus on students' mathematical ideas and the purpose of play. Learnings with respect to teacher education as well as ideas for future research are discussed.
Practice-Based Approaches to Mathematics Education
Authors: Polly Drew , Pinter Holly Henderson , Casto Amanda R.
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides a description of three efforts to integrate practice-based approaches to preparing pre-service teachers to teach mathematics to elementary and middle grades learners. The vignettes include a university laboratory school focused on middle grades students, a tutoring program for elementary school students, and a small group teaching experience with elementary school learners. Within each vignette, the authors describe findings from examining how these experiences influenced pre-service teachers. Lastly, they close the chapter with implications and directions for future research.
Artificial Intelligence Applied
Authors: Ronsivalle Gaetano Bruno , Boldi Arianna
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the chapter is to present some real applications of the most advanced information technologies in complex adaptive systems like for-profit companies and organizations. In particular, the authors present the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to support some of the activities that are strategic for an effective management of human resources. The tools have been applied to analyze the professional profiles (competencies, skills, knowledge, and activities), to evaluate the candidates for hiring and selection, to assess the competences in order to obtain a certification, or to prove the results of a training course. For each project, the authors provide a description of 1) the context, 2) the problem, 3) the solution implemented, 4) an analysis of the advantages and the limits of the solution. All these cases offer quantitative and qualitative data to sustain the thesis: artificial intelligence is a tool that can help humans managing the complexity levels of the so-called Anthropocene era we live in.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Digital Tools
Authors: Galan-Ladero M. Mercedes , Galera-Casquet Clementina
Published: September 2018

Cause‐related marketing (CRM) is one of the most relevant corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives nowadays and is being employed by numerous brands across product categories. The most important characteristics are (1) there is a link between a for-profit business and a non-profit organization (NPO) in order to support a social cause and (2) corporate donation is conditioned by sales, that is, CRM ultimately depends on consumer behavior. In this chapter, we focus on CRM programs carried out in a digital context. Thus, our aim is to understand their fundamental features and the main digital technologies used. Our findings show a massive use of digital technologies in CRM campaigns. Different digital tools are currently combined in the same program, complementing them with conventional mass media. The main advantages of this combination are a quick diffusion of the CRM programs, and a global impact.
The Role of the Entrepreneur in the Promotion of the Digital Economy
Authors: Catussi Paschoalotto Marco Antonio , Oliveira Pedro Henrique de , Luz Ana Rita Canelas
Published: September 2018

Entrepreneurship is increasingly a way of differentiating itself from the market, even more so in a progressively globalized era such as the digital economy. With this vision, this chapter examines the role of the entrepreneur in the development of the digital economy, through the multi-country-case between Brazil and Portugal. With this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to two successful digital entrepreneurs, one from each country. Results show that these entrepreneurs think that the digital economy has changed entrepreneur characteristics, especially in the developed knowledge of the market (Brazil) and the experience acquired (Portugal). In this way, the chapter demonstrates two different views on digital entrepreneurship, with different cultures and market behavior.
Entrepreneur Woman and the Information and Communication Technologies for Business Management Improvement
Authors: Ríos-Manríquez Martha
Published: September 2018

In the women entrepreneur management environment, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are internal and external efficiency tools. Therefore, this chapter determines if the dimensions of the variable “incorporation of ICT in: Basic ICT stage, ICT development stage, ICT maturity stage,” improve the management of the entrepreneur women in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) located in Guanajuato, Mexico. This is done using a quantitative approach, with a descriptive, correlational and regression analysis of a sample of 133 enterprising women. The results show that the stages of incorporation of ICT, along with the size of the MSME, influence their management. This chapter aims to raise awareness among governments (state and federal) about the situations of these MSMEs to promote the change in public policies and establishing training programs to empower entrepreneur women with tools such as ICT, giving them the opportunity to strengthen their decisions, conduct e-business and increase the creation of jobs.
Assessing Gender Gaps on ICT Competences in Four European Countries
Authors: Sarmento Maria , Galego Diego , Ferreira Dias Marta Alexandra da Costa , Amorim Marlene
Published: September 2018

ICT competences still represent a “stigma” attached to gender around the world. This chapter focuses an analysis on the gender gaps and ICT competences to the access workforce, by analyzing data collected in four European countries (Portugal, Poland, Lithuania and Cyprus) in the scope of a Project “EU Youth: From theory to action (ActYouth).” Within the purpose of answering the hypothesis in understanding, the youth employability, and gender division in the labor market in different regions in Europe, statistical methods were selected and tested. The 537 responses were acquired by questionnaires and interviews and analyzed concerning ICT competences. Data shows that students self-assessment and employer's perspectives of important competences for entry in the labor market. Therefore, an importance performance analysis (IPA) was performed considering the four competences, comparing importance (employers) with performance (students) of competences, and then presented by gender for each analyzed country.
Plan of Ecological Platform for Global Enterprise Cloud Market and Global Network Security
Authors: Zhang Shi (Jessee)
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces how the global economy could change through networking and puts forward a plan of an ecological platform for a global enterprise cloud market. The chapter introduces some theories and concepts about ecological platforms and how to design this ecological platform. Also, is a call for some entities in the world for creating this ecological platform. At last, this chapter puts forth some ideas about global network security through countermeasures for international cooperation in cyberspace global governance and the function of the United Nations to promote the implementation of global network security.
The Role of Urban Living Labs in Entrepreneurship, Energy, and Governance of Smart Cities
Authors: Pego Ana , Matos Bernardo Maria do Rosário
Published: September 2018

Urban living labs (ULL) are a new concept which involves users in innovation and development and are regarded as a way of meeting the innovation challenges faced by information and communication technology (ICT) service providers. The chapter focuses on the role of urban living labs in entrepreneurship, energy and governance of smart cities, where it is performed the relationship between innovations, governance, and renewable energy. The methodology proposed will focus on content analysis and on the exploration of some European examples of implemented ULL, namely Amsterdam, Helsinki, Stockholm and Copenhagen. The contributions of the present research should be the consolidation of knowledge about the impact of ULL on innovation and development of smart cities regarding the concepts of renewable energy, smart governance and entrepreneurship.
Innovative Role of Users Within Digital Economy
Authors: Andrade Pedro
Published: September 2018

Contemporary economic and financial crisis is closely associated with social innovation. This process profoundly influences cyberspace's phenomena within our globalized communications paradigm. The correspondent debate on the articulation of crisis and innovation was reconceptualized by Marx, Nietzsche, Sombart, Schumpeter, David Harvey, etc. However, Manuel Castells elaborated an economic but also communicational explanation, which seems to us closer to the current crisis. Castells uses the notion of “space of flows” created and shared by globalized capitalism, across information and communication networks at cyberspace. The aim of this chapter is to reflect on “information and knowledge flows” in the present crisis conjuncture. For example, within Facebook content privacy is being debated and even engenders reluctance on user fidelity. In fact, social networks shouldn't deliver just information flows but also knowledge flows, which may become central means of production/consumption.
Digital Marketing in a New Age Economy
Authors: Ananth Indira , Dananjayan Madhava Priya
Published: September 2018

Digital marketing has developed enormously over the past few years. India saw a 100% rise in social media users last year according to IAMAI. India's e-commerce market went up to USD 38 billion in 2016. India's e-commerce revenue is expected to jump from $30 billion in 2016 to $120 billion in 2020, growing at an annual rate of 51%, the highest in the world. The chapter seeks to understand how firms working in the digital marketing space are using the various tools to help build businesses in a competitive business environment. The chapter looks at the B2B space, focusing on digital marketing firms started between 2007 and 2009 in India. The data has been collated from internet sources, namely https://www.topseos.com/ and company websites. Results showed that, especially after 2016, all these digital companies are growing in a high phase with acquisition of more clients. They are able to retain them by providing good services at affordable costs which can be seen in the expanding client base. This shows that digitalization can help companies grow.
Relevance, Need, and Opportunity
Authors: de la Mora Cuevas José Manuel , Orozco Plascencia José Manuel , Deniz Jonás Larios , Verduzco Ceballos Norma Angélica , Velázquez García Claudia Alejandra
Published: September 2018

This chapter shows the results of the market study developed at the request of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Colima, interested in participating in the online education environment, to know the demand that would have a Bachelor's degree in economics, under this modality. To carry out the analysis, there was the participation of 425 people who voluntarily answered a multiple-choice survey in person. Based on their answers, the aim is to identify, as mentioned above, the demand that a new distance education offer (online) would have for the economy area. Additionally, the chapter offers a review of the Mexican public policy in which these types of initiatives are framed; reflections on the environment and trends of development of online education and didactic-pedagogical trends in the area. This case study can be useful for researchers in the educational area who wish to know about online initiatives in countries with developing economies.
Social Innovation to Achieve Global Health
Authors: Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , Rebehy Perla Calil Pongeluppe Wadhy , Faleiros Fabiana , Galvao Maria Cristiane Barbosa
Published: September 2018

The use of information and communication technologies for health (eHealth) has great potential to provide global impact. It increases the involvement of healthcare consumers and improves knowledge dissemination to and from the health workforce. Additionally, it may contribute to incorporating evidence-based results to promote more efficient, safer, and more accessible healthcare, improving outcomes while reducing costs. Considering this background, the present chapter emphasizes contemporary initiatives such as D.Efficiency and Ask Dr. Giggles, which are focused on global health initiatives that employ communication and information technologies and social innovation, in addition to prioritizing the wellbeing of individuals in society. Therefore, it is hoped that this chapter provides further understanding of the phenomenon of social innovation in health, which has the potential to be used by large numbers of people, enhance equity in access to qualified information, and provide opportunities to address other social determinants of health.
Developing Tourism Sector With Neoliberalism Orientated Strategies in Countries With Scarce Financial Resources
Authors: Dadwal Sumesh Singh
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the idea of tourism development and discusses ideologies and strategies for developing and least developing countries. The chapters explore the ideology of neoliberalism for developing the tourism as a sector. The chapter argues that in the era of a dearth of resources, and decreasing trends and rationality for state intervention, it is pertinent and significant to develop the tourism sector by following the strategies based on principles and ideals of neoliberalism. The chapter also cautions about some limitations of using neoliberalism as a model of development.
Eye Tracking as a Tool for Diagnosing Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Rizwana Azeez
Published: September 2018

The chapter intends to highlight the use of eye tracker, a tool that tracks eye movements, as a potential tool to aid diagnosis of specific learning disabilities along with psychometric tests. The issue of identifying and assessing children for specific learning disabilities is very difficult and crucial for the psychological, social, and personal wellbeing of the child growing into an adult. A common technique for diagnosing specific learning disabilities is the need of the hour. The eye is considered to be the window to the brain. Any differences in the eye movement can reflect disorders or diseases in the functional areas of cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum, and other areas of the brain. The most important contribution of eye tracking research is it allows examination of different aspects of cognitive performance in moment-to-moment details on very simple tasks and infer the neurobiological basis of cognitive processes. Therefore, the chapter focuses on studies related to use of eye trackers as a futuristic technique in the diagnosis of specific learning disabilities.
Application of Bio-Feedback in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Venkatesan Srinivasan , Venkataraman Hariharan
Published: September 2018

Biofeedback is a non-invasive process to electronically monitor normal automatic bodily function to acquire its voluntary control. Traditional medical models place the onus on the physician to “cure” the illness. Biofeedback places responsibility on the patient to gain self-control. Its application as evidence-based practice in neurodevelopmental disorders is a nascent, unexplored, and debated area of study. This chapter outlines the meaning, nature, types, protocols, procedure, practices, challenges, benefits, and limitations in its use. Its history is traced for efficacy vis-à-vis other treatments, and other issues like cost-effectiveness, certification of professionals, gadget-enabled, and computer-assisted variants. Studies have attempted, albeit with methodological limitations, to validate its utility for neurodevelopmental disorders without any definitive or conclusive evidence for or against its use given the inability to replicate results, control or exclude confounding factors, placebo effects, and/or bias. An agenda for prospective research is given.
Ubiquitous Wearable Healthcare Monitoring System Architectural Design for Prevention, Detection, and Monitoring of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Paliwal Gaurav , Bunglowala Aaquil
Published: September 2018

Chronic diseases have become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Major chronic diseases currently account for almost 60% of all deaths, and this contribution is expected to rise up to 73% by 2020. An integrated approach is needed for detection, prevention, and monitoring of these diseases. For better and specialized healthcare services, there is a need to develop a technology that should be fast, reliable, secure, accurate, and economical. In this chapter, the authors have presented an architectural design for wearable healthcare monitoring systems. The main motivation behind this architectural design is to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and generosity of WHMS. The architecture design divides the system into three layers or subsystems. The chapter provides a detailed description of subsystems, components, functionalities, requirements, and realization mechanisms along with their merits and demerits. The resolution of design issues like data fusion, data delivery, data processing, security, accuracy, and efficiency are the main points of this architecture design.
Data Replication Impact on DDBS System Performance
Authors: Amer Ali A.
Published: September 2018

In distributed database systems (DDBS), the utmost purpose of data distribution and replication aims at shrinking transmission costs (TC), including communication costs, and response time. In this chapter, therefore, an enhanced heuristic clustering-based technique for data fragmentation and replicated based allocation is efficaciously presented. This work is mainly sought to further enhance an existing technique so TC is to be significantly minimized. In fact, the approached enhancement is applied by suggesting different replication scenarios. Off these scenarios, one scenario is to be selected based on competitive performance evaluation process. DDBS performance is measured via its being exposed on objective function (TC). Despite the fact that this work is mildly improved, yet evaluation results show that it has been promising, particularly as TC being the foremost design objective of DDBS System. Experimental results have been analyzed under all presented scenarios as an internal evaluation and are vividly provided to demonstrate the undeniable impact of data replication on DDBS performance.
An Efficient Recursive Localization Approach for High-Density Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bouhdid Badia , Akkari Wafa , Belghith Abdelfettah , Gannouni Sofien
Published: September 2018

Although recursive localization approaches are efficiently used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), their application leads to increased energy consumption caused by the important communication overhead necessary to achieve the localization task. Indeed, localization information coverage increases iteratively as new nodes estimate their locations and become themselves new reference nodes. However, the uncontrollable number evolution of such nodes leads, especially in high density networks, to wasted energy, important communication overhead and even impacts the localization accuracy due the adverse effects of error propagation and accumulation. This chapter proposes an efficient recursive localization (ERL) approach that develops a new reliable reference selection strategy to ensure a better distribution of the reference nodes in the network. ERL improves localization accuracy without incurring any additional cost. It allows conserving the energy and consequently prolonging the WSN life time.
Overview of MERA
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Daniel , Gayo José Emilio Labra , Gayo-Avello Daniel , Ordoñez de Pablos Patricia
Published: September 2018

The proliferation of large databases with potentially repeated entities across the World Wide Web drives into a generalized interest to find methods to detect duplicated entries. The heterogeneity of the data cause that generalist approaches may produce a poor performance in scenarios with distinguishing features. In this paper, we analyze the particularities of music related-databases and we describe Musical Entities Reconciliation Architecture (MERA). MERA consists of an architecture to match entries of two sources, allowing the use of extra support sources to improve the results. It makes use of semantic web technologies and it is able to adapt the matching process to the nature of each field in each database. We have implemented a prototype of MERA and compared it with a well-known music-specialized search engine. Our prototype outperforms the selected baseline in terms of accuracy.
Towards Patient-Centric Healthcare
Authors: Grandi Fabio , Mandreoli Federica , Martoglia Riccardo
Published: September 2018

Retrieving personalized care plans from a guideline repository is an ever-increasing need in the medical world, not only for physicians but also for empowered patients. In this chapter, we continue our long-lasting research on ontology-based personalized access to very large collections of multi-version documents by addressing a novel challenge: dealing with multi-version clinical guidelines but also with a multi-version ontology used to support personalized access to them. Efficiency is ensured by a newly introduced annotation scheme for guidelines and solutions to cope with the evolution of ontology structure. The tests performed on a prototype implementation confirm the goodness of the approach. Finally, the chapter proposes an exhaustive analysis of the state of the art in this field and, in the final part, a discussion where we expand our vision to related research themes and possible further developments of our work.
Recent Advances in the Evaluation of Ontology Quality
Authors: Baliyan Niyati , Verma Ankita
Published: September 2018

Ontology or domain specific vocabulary is indispensable to a semantic web-based application; therefore, its evaluation assumes critical importance for maintaining the quality. A modular ontology is intuitively preferred to as a monolithic ontology. A good quality modular ontology, in turn, promotes reusability. This chapter is directed at summarizing the efforts towards ontology evaluation, besides defining the process of evaluation, various approaches to evaluation and underlying motivation. In particular, a modular ontology's cohesion and coupling metrics have been discussed in detail as a case study. The authors believe that the body of knowledge in this chapter will serve as a beginning point for ontology quality engineers and at the same time acquaint them with the state-of-art in this field.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Measures of Correlation Coefficient of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers Under Weakest Triangular Norm
Authors: Kumar Mohit
Published: September 2018

The correlation coefficient of variables has wide applications in statistics and is often calculated in crisp or fuzzy environment. This article extends the application of correlation coefficient to intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In this article, a new method is proposed to measure the correlation coefficient of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers using weakest triangular norm based intuitionistic fuzzy arithmetic operations. Different from previous studies, the correlation coefficient computed in this article is an intuitionistic fuzzy number rather than a crisp or fuzzy number. It is well known that the weakest t-norm arithmetic operations effectively reduce fuzzy spreads (fuzzy intervals) and provide more exact results. Therefore, a simplified, effective and exact method based on weakest t-norm arithmetic operations is presented to compute the correlation coefficient of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. To illustrate the proposed method, the correlation coefficient between the technology level and management achievement from a sample of 15 machinery firms in Taiwan is calculated using proposed approach.
Development and Application of an Infant and Toddler Healthcare Program for Marriage-Migrant Women
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Noh Jun Hee , Jung Eun Young , Lim Eun Ju
Published: September 2018

This study was conducted among Vietnamese marriage-migrant women to investigate the effect of both cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid healthcare trainings on their knowledge and attitude towards CPR, self-efficacy, and first-aid. The experimental and control groups revealed statistically significant differences across all dependent variables: knowledge of CPR (t = 3.26, p = 0.002); attitude towards CPR (t = 4.46, p = 0.019); self-efficacy during CPR (t = 2.77, p = 0.010); and finally, knowledge on coping with emergency situations (t = 2.77, p = 0.008). A significant difference was indicated in their knowledge and attitude towards CPR, self-efficacy, and first aid depending on whether they attended the healthcare training program, which suggested its educative effect. CPR training and relevant information should be continually provided to Vietnamese marriage-migrant women to maintain this effect, and help provide them with guidelines to deal with an emergency situation faced by their family or neighbors.
Examining Healthcare Providers' Acceptance of Data From Patient Self-Monitoring Devices Using Structural Equation Modeling With the UTAUT2 Model
Authors: Francis Rita P.
Published: September 2018

As wide-scale adoption by the market and consumers of ubiquitous devices or mobile apps that track fitness, sleep, nutrition, and basic metabolic parameters increases, it is vital to understand the attitudes of healthcare providers toward these devices. No researcher has previously examined how constructs related to technology acceptance have impacted healthcare providers' behavioral intention for self-monitoring devices (SMD). This was a quantitative, non-experimental study to examine SMD acceptance, intent to use, and other factors important to physicians regarding SMD. Statistical analysis of the data gathered showed that the second version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT2) constructs of performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and price value were positively associated with the behavioral intention of SMD by physicians while effort expectancy and social influence were not. Furthermore, social influence was associated with use, while performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and hedonistic motivation were not. Major positive implications of these findings include: contribution to the body of literature in the health information technology (HIT) arena regarding factors that influence technology acceptance and potential increase in the adoption of SMD among healthcare providers.
A Multi-Agent Optimization Method for Preemptive Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling
Authors: Shou Yongyi , Hu Wenjin , Lai Changtao , Ying Ying
Published: September 2018

A multi-agent optimization method is proposed to solve the preemptive resource-constrained project scheduling problem in which activities are allowed to be preempted no more than once. The proposed method involves a multi-agent system, a negotiation process, and two types of agents (activity agents and schedule agent). The activity agents and the schedule agent negotiate with each other to allocate resources and optimize the project schedule. Computational experiments were conducted using the standard project scheduling problem sets. Compared with prior studies, results of the proposed method are competitive in terms of project makespan. The method can be extended to other preemptive resource-constrained project scheduling problems.
Complexity Framework for the Project Management Curriculum
Authors: Cleveland Simon , Hinojosa Cristelia
Published: September 2018

Universities' core project management courses address the key principles and best practices of project management methodologies, while elective courses are utilized to introduce alternative project frameworks. The concept of project complexity can be taught to strengthen competency in project managers and enhance the success of the projects they manage. Previous instruction methods were evaluated to determine the key concepts that pertain to project complexity. This article proposes a preliminary framework for the development of an elective course on project complexity.
Information Literacy
Authors: Meitei Lairenlakpam Shanta
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the need and importance of information literacy as an essential component in information society. The article highlights the role of information and information technology as well as the relationship between information and literacy. This article also studies the impact of ICT in rural areas and examines the awareness of the term like, information, information literacy, computer literacy etc. in the rural communities in Manipur, India. Further, it elaborates the need for information literacy and challenges faced by the rural communities in the global information environment.
“Reverse Engineering” in Econophysics
Authors: Hanias M.P. , Magafas L. , Stavrinides S.G.
Published: September 2018

The work presented here is a paradigm of EconoPhysics, i.e. of research in the area of finance and economics by applying physical models, in this case chaos theory. A specific analysis of a macroeconomic model proposed by Vosvrda is presented. The Vosvrda model is an idealized macroeconomic model, combining the savings of households, Gross Domestic Product and the foreign capital inflow. It is simulated by three autonomous differential equations. According to this model, there are six parameters, having their values regulating the system behavior (parameters of Vosvdra). Using artificial noisy data for simulating real data and using an inverse modelling procedure, the authors have fitted and tuned the parameters of Vosvdra differential equations to achieve more accurate solutions. The relevant resultant evaluation showed that the system is a chaotic one, even though for the same values proposed by Vosvrda. Finally, this chaotic behavior has provided the capability to expand the time horizon of the solution, thus achieving reliable forecasting for the system.
Chaos in Oligopoly Models
Authors: Sarafopoulos Georges , Papadopoulos Kosmas
Published: September 2018

In this article, the authors investigate the dynamics of two oligopoly games. In the first game, they consider a nonlinear Cournot-type duopoly game with homogeneous goods and same rational expectations. The authors investigate the case, where managers have a variety of attitudes toward relative performance that are indexed by their type. In the second game they consider a Cournot-Bertrand duopoly game with linear demand, quadratic cost function and differentiated goods. In the two games they suppose a linear demand and a quadratic cost function. The games are modeled with a system of two difference equations. Existence and stability of equilibria of the systems are studied. The authors show that the models gives more complex, chaotic and unpredictable trajectories, as a consequence of change in the parameter k of speed of the player's adjustment (in the first game) and in the parameter d of the horizontal product differentiation (in the second game). The authors prove that the variation of the parameter k (resp. d) destabilizes the Nash equilibrium via a period doubling bifurcation (resp. through a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation). The chaotic features are justified numerically via computing Lyapunov numbers and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In the second game they show that in the case of a quadratic cost there are stable trajectories and a higher or lower degree of product differentiation does not tend to destabilize the economy. They verify these results through numerical simulations. Finally, the authors control the chaotic behavior of the games introducing a new parameter. For some values of this parameter, the Nash equilibrium is stable for every value of the main parameter k or d.
Investigation of Structural, Morphological and Electro-Optical Behavior of GO/rGO
Authors: Chawla Rashmi , Singhal Poonam , Garg Amit Kumar
Published: September 2018

This article examines the temperature-dependent conduction mechanism in graphene oxide (GO) and thick reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film. The mild oxidation method is used for GO synthesis which is then chemically reduced to obtain rGO and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The different characterization results exhibit substantiate eloquent structural changes while reducing m-rGO to rm-rGO. The charge transport behaviour in GO and rGO film is investigated in the temperature range 16K to 400 K. The result depicts overall increase in conductivity in rGO owing to reduction in functional groups. The electrical conductivity of GO shows crossover from Efros-Shklovskii (ES) variable range hopping (VRH) to Mott VRH in the temperature range 100K-40K to 40K-16K. For rGO ES-VRH conduction is seen in the temperature range of 100K to 40K. The high conductivity of rGO in comparison to GO is todays demand for direct applications in electronic devices.
Information Structure Parsing for Chinese Legal Texts
Authors: Sun Bo
Published: September 2018

Information processing is one of the main concerns in the field of artificial intelligence, because it can benefit many related downstream tasks. To facilitate information processing, information structure parsing is assumed to be of great significance. This article proposes a discourse analysis based approach so that information structure of Chinese legal texts can be recognized automatically. This article employs Discourse Information Theory to explore information features of Chinese legal texts. The texts used in this study include 6 types, each type containing 60 training texts and 30 testing texts. After that, a set of rules is formulated to classify legal texts and identify the categories of information units. Finally, to examine the performance of the rules, a comparison is made by designing a Support Vector Machine classifier and a Viterbi algorithm decoder. The experiment demonstrates that the rule based approach outperforms the statistics based approaches. This research suggests that discourse analysis may provide some linguistic features conducive to discourse parsing.