bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du sens et de la connaissance en anthropologie
Authors: Jarousseau Hélène
Published: December 2024

La discipline anthropologique, née en Occident, s’est développée dans le contexte des empires coloniaux. Elle s’est donné pour tâche de rendre compte de la diversité des sociétés et des cultures humaines ainsi que de l’unité de l’homme. Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les colonies accèdent à l’indépendance. Cette situation amène une nouvelle génération d’anthropologues à renouveler profondément la perspective, en soulignant l’asymétrie des rapports entre sociétés colonisatrices et colonisées. La diversité masquerait les inégalités. Ancienne colonie française, devenue département français d’outre-mer en 1946, la société réunionnaise s’inscrit dans les enjeux des empires coloniaux européens ayant engendré localement de fortes inégalités sociales et culturelles. Mais ce n’est qu’à partir des années 1970 que les premiers travaux anthropologiques à La Réunion se sont développés. Cet article propose d’explorer ces derniers en les confrontant aux contextes dans lesquels ils ont pris naissance pour mieux appréhender les savoirs qui en ont résulté. Cette démarche a permis de mettre au jour les biais analytiques qui ont caractérisé mes travaux. Le travail de déconstruction réalisé interroge les connaissances produites sur la période 1970-2000 sans renoncer à concevoir et à utiliser des outils au service d’une connaissance heuristique.
Rites de résolution de conflits et lutte contre-insurrectionnelle au Cameroun (1958-1970)
Authors: Kouékam Démonster-Ferdinand
Published: December 2024

Cet article s’appuie sur des témoignages et des documents collectés dans les centres de documentation pour mettre en exergue la contribution des rites de résolution des conflits dans la contention de la violence et la lutte contre-insurrectionnelle au Cameroun entre 1958 et 1970. La rémanence de l’insurrection, malgré les revers militaires enregistrés par les formations paramilitaires de l’Union des populations du Cameroun (UPC), obligea les autorités coloniales françaises et par la suite, postcoloniales, à déporter et à intensifier la guerre sur le front symbolique et anthropologique. Les rituels du Tug Gwet (réconciliation) et du Cadi chien noir mobilisés dans cette dynamique sont guidés par deux enjeux. Le premier vise à obliger la population à mettre à la disposition des autorités les informations dont elle dispose sur l’organisation insurgée, à dénoncer et à jeter l’opprobre sur ceux qui continuent et soutiennent la lutte au maquis. Le second consiste à s’appuyer sur ces instruments ancestraux de résolution des conflits pour matérialiser la paix restaurée, solder les antagonismes/rancoeurs engendrés par la guerre et sceller la réconciliation. L’engagement des populations à rompre tous les liens avec les insurgés et les informations récoltées sur ces derniers lors des rituels permirent le démantèlement des maquis et l’obtention de leur reddition.
Estrategias de prospección arqueológica intensiva para la determinación de patrones de ocupación en grandes unidades de territorio
Authors: Pérez Alba Francisco , Gutiérrez Soler Luis María
Published: December 2024

La construcción de modelos de poblamiento exige buenas prácticas de prospección arqueológica intensiva. La comarca de El Condado Jaén resulta un caso de estudio adecuado, proporcionando una unidad geográfica extensa y un conocimiento histórico limitado. El análisis del proceso de ocupación del territorio se aborda a partir de muestreos combinados (cualitativo y cuantitativo) dentro de los asentamientos. La precisa georreferenciación de los materiales de superficie permite obtener registros de calidad y comparaciones significativas entre asentamientos. El objetivo del proyecto ha sido documentar de forma eficaz los lugares de mayor entidad y determinar los grandes procesos de cambio y/o continuidad. Este protocolo de trabajo pretende generar un modelo de actuación útil para abordar el conocimiento de los paisajes mediterráneos. Así, el caso presentado aquí se muestra como un ejemplo de restitución experimental del proceso histórico entre la Prehistoria y la alta Edad Media, interpretando comportamientos culturales de formaciones sociales diferenciadas.
Die deutsche Mandatarhaftung: Probleme und Perspektiven aus einem historisch-systematischen Standpunkt
Authors: Verrico Francesco
Published: December 2024

Abstract The liability of the mandatary in German law: problems and perspectives from a historical and systematic point of view. According to the German Civil Code, the mandate contract must be gratuitous. Due to this characteristic, the standard of care is not limited in any way. This article analyses the proposals for potential limitations of the standard of care in German doctrine and case law for situations where full liability is not considered equitable. The systematic position of § 662 BGB and the historical context of its enactment are then examined focusing on the influence of the pandectist scholarship. Finally, the results of most recent Roman law scholarship on the mandate contract and on criteria for the mandatary’s liability are proposed as a useful comparative model for the modern interpreter.
Gasdermin D-Mediated Neutrophil Pyroptosis drives Inflammation in Psoriasis
Authors: Liu Jian , Jiang YuYing , Diao ZiYue , Chen DanDan , Xia RuiYuan , Wang BingWei , Yang Shuo , Yin ZhiQiang
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal accumulation of neutrophils and T-cell related abnormalities. Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death associated with innate immunity, but its role in psoriasis is unclear. In this study, we found that
gasdermin D (Gsdmd)
is higher in human psoriatic skin than that in normal skin, and in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin, the expression of
Gsdmd
was most significantly altered in neutrophils and
Il1b
was also mainly expressed in neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of skin lesions from psoriasis patients and healthy control also showed that GSDMD expression is higher in psoriasis lesion, especially in neutrophils.
Gsdmd
deficiency mitigates psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. GSDMD in neutrophils contributes to psoriasis-like inflammation, while
Gsdmd
depletion in neutrophils attenuates the development of skin inflammation in psoriasis and reduces the release of the inflammatory cytokines. We found that neutrophil pyroptosis is involved in and contributes to psoriasis inflammation, which provides new insights into the treatment of psoriasis by targeting neutrophil pyroptosis.
Mechanism of expanded DNA recognition in xCas9
Authors: Hossain Kazi A , Nierzwicki Lukasz , Orozco Modesto , Czub Jacek , Palermo Giulia
Published: December 2024

xCas9 is an evolved variant of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, engineered to improve specificity and reduce undesired off-target effects. How xCas9 expands the DNA targeting capability of Cas9 by recognizing a series of alternative Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) sequences while ignoring others is unknown. Here, we establish the molecular determinants of xCas9’s expanded PAM recognition. We show that while Cas9 enforces strict guanine selection through the rigidity of its interacting arginine dyad, xCas9 modulates the flexibility of R1335 to recognize specific PAM sequences selectively. This modulation confers a pronounced entropic preference for the canonical TGG PAM over SpCas9. Moreover, xCas9 expands PAM recognition by enhancing DNA binding in the early evolution cycles and improving binding to the canonical PAM in the final evolution cycle. This dual capability explains how xCas9 expands PAM recognition while also enhancing recognition of the canonical TGG PAM. These findings will facilitate the engineering of Cas9 variants more effective and specific across a broader spectrum of genetic sequences.
N-terminus of Drosophila melanogaster MSL1 is critical for dosage compensation
Authors: Babosha Valentin , Klimenko Natalia , Revel-Muroz Anastasia , Tikhonova Evgeniya , Georgiev Pavel , Maksimenko Oksana
Published: December 2024

The male-specific lethal complex (MSL), which consists of five proteins and two non-coding roX RNAs, is involved in the transcriptional enhancement of X-linked genes to compensate for the sex chromosome monosomy in Drosophila XY males compared with XX females. The MSL1 and MSL2 proteins form the heterotetrameric core of the MSL complex and are critical for the specific recruitment of the complex to the high-affinity ‘entry’ sites (HAS) on the X chromosome. In this study, we demonstrated that the N-terminal region of MSL1 is critical for stability and functions of MSL1. Amino acid deletions and substitutions in the N-terminal region of MSL1 strongly affect both the interaction with roX2 RNA and the MSL complex binding to HAS on the X chromosome. In particular, substitution of the conserved N-terminal amino-acids 3–7 in MSL1 (MSL1GS) affects male viability similar to the inactivation of genes encoding roX RNAs. In addition, MSL1GS binds to promoters such as MSL1WT but does not co-bind with MSL2 and MSL3 to X chromosomal HAS. However, overexpression of MSL2 partially restores the dosage compensation. Thus, the interaction of MSL1 with roX RNA is critical for the efficient assembly of the MSL complex on HAS of the male X chromosome.
Languages in scholarly publishing and support of scholarly publishing in the Nordic area
Authors: Frantsvåg Jan Erik
Published: December 2024

Based on data collected in the DIAMAS Survey of institutional publishing in the European Research Area, I show which languages are used for publication and service providing among respondents from the Nordic and Baltic region. I also discuss languages for service and support in the Nordic countries, in particular in Norway, in light of legal requirements.
Two-degree of freedom Mahalanobis classifier for smartphone-camera identification from natural digital images
Authors: Vázquez-Medina Rubén , Rojas-López César Enrique , Jiménez-Ramírez Omar , Niño-de-Rvera-Oyarzabal Luis , Palacios-Luengas Leonardo
Published: December 2024

The portability and popularity of smartphones makes it easy to capture digital images in a variety of situations, including witnessing criminal activity. Forensic analysis of digital images captured by smartphone-cameras could be used for legal and investigative purposes, not only to have a recording of an act, but also to establish a relationship between a digital image and its capture device, and between the latter and a person. Fortunately, given the similarities, forensic ballistics techniques and procedures used to identify weapons from fired bullets can be used to identify smartphone-cameras from digital images. However, while there are several solutions for identifying smartphone-cameras from digital images, not all of them focus on two key issues: reducing the number of reference images used to create the fingerprint of the smartphone-camera and reducing the processing time for identification. To address these issues, a method based on a two-degree-of-freedom discriminant analysis using pixel intensity and intrinsic noise in digital images is proposed. It uses a Mahalanobis classifier to compare the traces left by the capture source in a digital image with the fingerprints calculated for the candidate smartphone-cameras. This allows the identification of the most likely smartphone-camera that captured a digital image. A significant advantage of the proposed method is that it relies on a smaller number of reference images to estimate the smartphone-camera fingerprints. They are built using only fifteen reference images, as opposed to thirty or more images required by other techniques. This means faster processing times as image clippings are analyzed rather than whole digital images. The proposed method demonstrates high performance, since for disputed flat images it achieves an identification effectiveness rate of 87.50% with one reference image, and 100.00% when fifteen reference images are considered. For disputed natural images, it achieves an identification effectiveness rate of 97.50% with fifteen reference images.
SOSYAL MEDYAYI AKTİF KULLANAN EBEVEYNLERİN KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE EBEVEYN TUTUMLARININ AİLE İÇİ İLETİŞİMİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Gelen İsmail , Kumcağız Hatice , İstif Nisa , Sandalcılar Elif
Published: December 2024

Çocuklar küçük yaşlardan itibaren ebeveynlerinin birbirleri ve dünya ile ilişki kurma tutumlarını benimserler. Çocuk, ailesi ile iletişime geçerek, onları izleyip taklit ederek yaşamı öğrenmeye çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca ebeveynlerinin kişilik özellikleri ve ebeveyn tutumlarına maruz kalan çocuk ilerleyen zamanda kendi ebeveynlik pozisyonunda anne ve babasının davranışlarını model aldığı görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla sağlıklı ve bilinçli bir toplumun oluşmasında ilk adımın aileden geçtiğini varsayarsak, ebeveyn kişilik özellikleri, ebeveyn tutumu ve iletişim becerilerinin de topluma yön verdiği varsayılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada aile içi iletişim ve aile içi iletişimi etkileyen bazı faktörlerin (ebeveyn tutumu, yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, çocuk sayısı ve yaşları, meslek, sosyal medya kullanımı, evlilik durumu, telefon kullanımı) incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Samsun il/çe merkezinde ulaşılabilen ve çalışmaya katılmada istekli, sosyal medyayı aktif kullanan 306 ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri; Kişisel bilgi formu, Ebeveynin çocuğuyla iletişimi ölçeği ve On Maddeli Kişilik ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin parametrik testler ile analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Ebeveynlerin aile içi iletişimi ile cinsiyet, ebeveynlerin yaşları, eğitim düzeyi, sahip oldukları çocuk sayısı, sahip oldukları çocukların yaşları, sahip oldukları ebeveyn tutumları değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Ebeveynlerin kişilik özellikleri ile ise eğitim düzeyi, haftalık sosyal medya kullanım süreleri, sahip oldukları ebeveyn tutumları değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur.
Gorham Disease of Mandible-Diagnostic Challenge: A Case report
Authors: Ghanta Soumi , Giri Debanti , Aich Ritesh , Das Anirban
Published: December 2024

Gorham disease is a rare entity of unknown aetiology characterised by the progressive destruction of osseous matrix, which is later replaced by proliferation of non neoplastic vascular tissue followed by dense fibrous tissue without bone regeneration. It was first described by Jackson in 1838. This condition can occur at any age and may affect any bone, however, in the skull, the maxilla and mandible are affected. Generally, the mandible is involved unilaterally. When the jaws are affected, tooth mobility is the first problem, and because of this diagnosis is difficult as it mimics periodontal diseases. Hereby, the authors present a case report of Gorham disease in a 38-year-old female, affecting the mandible bilaterally. The patient underwent multiple extractions from the maxilla and mandible due to tooth mobility. Severe alveolar ridge resorption was also evident in present case. Initially, radiolucent foci are present mimicking osteoporosis, followed by cortical erosion without a sclerotic border with pointing of the remaining osseous tissue, leading to the “licked candy stick deformity”, which was noted in the present case. Pathological fractures is common in the later stages. In present case, pathological fractures were present bilaterally in the angle of the mandible. A aetiology of this disease remains unclear to researchers. Diagnosis and treatment of such cases pose a challenge for clinicians.
Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Bio-Enzymes: A Review
Authors: Singh Anhadroop , Jain Ritesh
Published: December 2024

The rising demand for efficient wastewater management has led to the exploration of sustainable treatment methods. Water scarcity has emerged as one of the mosts pressing global challenges due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Domestic wastewater, a significant byproduct of human activity, Domestic wastewater contains a complex mix of organic pollutants, nutrients, and pathogens that require effective treatment to prevent environmental degradation. If untreated, these pollutants pose serious threat to public health and the environment. While conventional methods such as activated sludge systems and chemical coagulation are widely used, they have limitations, including high operational costs, energy consumption, and secondary pollution. Bio-enzymes, derived from microbial and natural sources and organic waste, represent an innovative and sustainable solution and have emerged as a promising alternative due to their ability to catalyse biochemical reactions, breaking down pollutants in an eco-friendly manner. This review examines existing literature on bio-enzyme applications in domestic wastewater treatment, analysing their mechanisms, benefits, and challenges, as well as potential innovations in the field.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Allele Frequencies of Some Genetic Variants among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Subjects in Port Harcourt
Authors: I. Reuben, , D.G. Tamuno-Emine, , E.O. Nwachuku, , E.S. Bartimaeus,
Published: December 2024

Aim: To evaluate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Allele frequencies of some genetic variants among T2DM subjects in Port Harcourt.
Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, Inqaba Biotec (molecular analysis) and Evashalom Medical Diagnostic services, between November 2022 and April 2023.
Methodology: Ninety (90) subjects between aged between 18- 70years among which 54 were females and 26 males were recruited. Eight SNPs, four each from SLC22A1 and CYP2C9 genes respectively were selected and genotyped using Mass Array. Genotypic and allelic distribution employed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (HWE). The minor allele frequency (MAF) was calculated using Excel, and the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test was performed using Gene-Calc software. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Odd ratios were calculated using the Baptista-Pike test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: In this study, the allelic frequency of each SNP was in HWE(p>0.05). The genotypic frequencies for rs 594709 for homozygote wild type (AA), heterozygote (AG), and homozygote (GG) were 73,33%,16.67% and 0.10% respectively. The MAF observed for rs594709 was 18.33%. The MAF observed was 18.33%. The rs72552763 variant genotype frequencies for the homozygote wild type (ATGATATGAT), heterozygote (ATGATAT) and homozygote (ATAT) were 93.33%, 6.67% and 0.0% respectively. On the other hand, the variant rs9332214 genotype frequencies for homozygote wild type (TT), heterozygote (CT), homozygote (CC) were 93.33%,6.66% and 0.0% respectively. The MAF observed for both SNPs was 0.033%.
Conclusion: This study showed that the rs 594709 for homozygote wild type (AA) had the highest frequency and no polymorphism was observed in four out of the SNPs investigated.
Association between Socio-Economic Situation and Unhealthy Eating Patterns in Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Martinez Miguel Angel Serna , Delgado Buenaventura Ramírez , Garnica Alfonso Reyes , Guerrero Beatriz Garnica , Becker David Pérez , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The relationship between economy and nutrition is crucial for understanding the rise in chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, especially in low-income countries. In Mexico, the cost of healthy foods and limited economic capacity foster low-quality diets focused on unhealthy foods. In communities such as Zempoala, Hidalgo, poverty and lack of nutritional education exacerbate this issue. It is essential to implement strategies that improve access to healthy foods, considering the economic and cultural determinants that affect dietary patterns.
Methodology: This study analyzes how economic conditions influence unhealthy eating patterns in Zempoala. A sample of 70 participants was included, evaluating income, economic sufficiency, and consumption of fried foods, sugary beverages, and foods high in fats and sugars. Validated questionnaires and structured interviews were used, and data were analyzed with Stata 16, applying logistic regression to identify economic barriers and explore the impact of educational level and access to fresh foods.
Results: The participants (44% male, 56% female) had an average age of 45 years, with basic education and an average monthly income of $4,500 MXN. Sixty percent reported economic difficulties that affected their diet, leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Those with poorer economic conditions were 4.6 times more likely to consume these products.
Conclusion: Economic hardship is associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods, limiting access to fresh and nutritious options. It is urgent to implement public policies that improve food security and promote healthy habits.
Engineered Polymersomes for the Treatment of Fish Odor Syndrome: A First Randomized Double Blind Olfactory Study
Authors: Schmidt Aaron C. , Hebels Erik R. , Weitzel Charlotte , Kletzmayr Anna , Bao Yinyin , Steuer Christian , Leroux Jean‐Christophe
Published: March 2020

Trimethylamine (TMA) is a metabolite overtly present in patients suffering from trimethylaminuria (TMAU), a rare genetic disorder characterized by a strong “fishy” body odor. To date, no approved pharmacological treatment to sequester excess TMA on the skin of patients exists. Here, transmembrane pH gradient poly(isoprene)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PI‐b‐PEG) polymersomes are investigated for the topical removal of TMA. PI‐b‐PEG amphiphiles of varying chain length are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to form vesicular structures in aqueous media. The optimization of the PI/PEG ratio of transmembrane pH gradient polymersomes allows for the rapid and efficient capture of TMA both in solution and after incorporation into a topical hydrogel matrix at the pH of the skin. A subsequent double blind olfactory study reveals a significant decrease in perceived odor intensity after application of the polymersome‐based formulation on artificial skin substrates that has been incubated in TMA‐containing medium. This simple and novel approach has the potential to ease the burden of people suffering from TMAU.
Graphdiyne: A Rising Star of Electrocatalyst Support for Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Bisheng , Lai Cui , Zhang Mingming , Zeng Guangming , Liu Shiyu , Huang Danlian , Qin Lei , Liu Xigui , Yi Huan , Xu Fuhang , An Ning , Chen Liang
Published: March 2020

Graphdiyne (GDY), a rising star of 2D carbon allotropes with one‐atom‐thick planar layers, has achieved the coexistence of sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms in a 2D planar structure. In contrast to the prevailing carbon allotropes, GDY possesses Dirac cone structures, which endow it with unique chemical and physical properties, including an adjustable inherent bandgap, high‐speed charge carrier transfer efficiency, and excellent conductivity. Additionally, GDY also displays great potential in photocatalysis, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, detectors, and especially electrocatalysis. In this work, various GDY‐supported electrocatalysts are described and the reasons why GDY can act as a novel support are analyzed from the perspective of molecular structure, electronic properties, mechanical properties, and stability. The various electrochemical applications of GDY‐supported electrocatalysts in energy conversion such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, overall water splitting, and nitrogen reduction reaction are reviewed. The challenges facing GDY and GDY‐based materials in future research are also outlined. This review aims at providing an in‐depth understanding of GDY and promoting the development and application of this novel carbon material.
In‐season potato yield prediction with active optical sensors
Authors: Zaeen Ahmed A. , Sharma Lakesh , Jasim Ahmed , Bali Sukhwinder , Buzza Aaron , Alyokhin Andrei
Published: March 2020

Crop yield prediction is a critical measurement, especially in the time when parts of the world are suffering from farming issues. Yield forecasting gives an alert regarding economic trading, food production monitoring, and global food security. This research was conducted to investigate whether active optical sensors could be utilized for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield prediction at the mid.le of the growing season. Three potato cultivars (Russet Burbank, Superior, and Shepody) were planted and six rates of N (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha−1), ammonium sulfate, which was replaced by ammonium nitrate in the 2nd year, were applied on 11 sites in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll index (CI) measurements were obtained weekly from the active optical sensors, GreenSeeker (GS) and Crop Circle (CC). The 168 kg N ha−1 produced the maximum potato yield. Indices measurements obtained at the 16th and 20th leaf growth stages were significantly correlated with tuber yield. Multiple regression analysis (potato yield as a dependent variable and vegetation indices, NDVI and CI, as independent variables) could make a remarkable improvement to the accuracy of the prediction model and increase the determination coefficient. The exponential and linear models showed a better fit of the data. Soil organic matter content increased the yield significantly but did not affect the prediction models. The 18th and 20th leaf growth stages are the best time to use the sensors for yield prediction.
Estimating the prevalence and spatial clusters of coal workers' pneumoconiosis cases using medicare claims data, 2011‐2014
Authors: Arif Ahmed A. , Paul Rajib , Delmelle Eric , Owusu Claudio , Adeyemi Oluwaseun
Published: March 2020

Background

Workers employed in the coal mining sector are at increased risk of respiratory diseases, including coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). We investigated the prevalence of CWP and its association with sociodemographic factors among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods

We used 5% Medicare Limited Data Set claims data from 2011 to 2014 to select Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of ICD‐9‐CM 500 (CWP). We aggregated the data by county and limited our analysis to seven contiguous states: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. We estimated county‐level prevalence rates using total Medicare beneficiaries and miners as denominators and performed spatial hotspot analysis. We used negative binomial regression analysis to determine the association of county‐wise sociodemographic factors with CWP.

Results

There was significant spatial clustering of CWP cases in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. Spatial clusters of 210 and 605 CWP cases representing an estimated 4200 to 12 100 cases of Medicare beneficiaries with CWP were identified in the three states. Counties with higher poverty levels had a significantly elevated rate of CWP (adjusted rate ratios [RR]: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.18). There was a small but significant association of CWP with the county‐wise catchment area. Rurality was associated with a more than three‐fold elevated rate of CWP in the unadjusted analysis (RR: 3.28, 95% CI, 2.22‐4.84). However, the rate declined to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.04‐2.01) after adjusting for other factors in the analysis.

Conclusions

We found evidence of significant spatial clustering of CWP among Medicare beneficiaries living in the seven states of the USA.
Tunable Polycyclic Chiral Beams
Authors: Lan Yanping , Qian Yixian , Ren Zhijun
Published: March 2020

The generation of polycyclic chiral beams by inducing annular spiral zone phases that consist of multiple subphases is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Each subphase is composed of a spiral phase, an equiphase, and a radial phase. The number and twisting direction of the spiral intensity lobes for every layer could be individually controlled. Furthermore, the orientations for the twisting lobes could be tuned by changing the introduced equiphase gradient. More importantly, such optical fields also show rotation property when the equiphases with gradient are dynamically and continuously imposed. This advantage of rotation also brings about the possibility of such chiral beams to rotate particles. Such beams would be advantageous for manufacturing tunable chiral metamaterials and have potential applications in optical tweezers and optical communication.
Statistical design of sustainable composites from poly(lactic acid) and grape pomace
Authors: Gowman Alison , Rodriguez‐Uribe Arturo , Defersha Fantahun , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri
Published: March 2020

Biocomposites from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and grape pomace (GP) were created via injection molding to examine the effects of GP in a PLA matrix. To optimize the mechanical performance the biocomposites were compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted PLA (MA‐g‐PLA). The objective of this work was to create a model that could accurately predict the mechanical properties of GP/PLA biocomposites. A region of feasibility for the biocomposites was determined using a statistical design of experiments. Linear regression was used to model the mechanical performance and predicted results with an error of 10% for both tensile and flexural strength and 16% for impact strength. The model was verified with a biocomposite of PLA/GP/MA‐g‐PLA with a ratio of 62/36/2. This biocomposite had a tensile strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of 25.8 MPa, 40.0 MPa, and 18.4 J/m, respectively. It was found that a linear model can accurately predict the mechanical properties of PLA/GP/MA‐g‐PLA biocomposites.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu lochrandgestützten Flachdecken mit Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Mucha Rainer , Welsch Torsten , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina
Published: March 2020

Zur Vermeidung eines Durchstanzversagens konventionell gelagerter Flachdecken wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten auf Grundlage umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen verschiedene Bemessungskonzepte erarbeitet und in Regelwerken verankert. Flachdecken mit einer Lochrandstützung und der damit verbundenen reduzierten Lasteinleitungsfläche fanden in diesen Bemessungskonzepten bislang keine Berücksichtigung. Vorangegangene experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zeigten das unterschiedliche Tragverhalten von Vollplatten und lochrandgestützten Platten. Es wurde festgestellt, dass infolge dieser Unterschiede im Rahmen der normativen Nachweisführung die Durchstanztragfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der konstruktiven Durchbildung der Anschlussstelle Stütze‐Flachdecke überschätzt werden kann. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen resultierte die Fragestellung, welche traglaststeigernde Wirkung durch den Einbau von Durchstanzbewehrung bei lochrandgestützten Platten mit kleiner Lasteinleitungsfläche erzielt werden kann. Zur Untersuchung dieser Frage wurde anknüpfend an die vorangegangenen Versuche an einem Plattenausschnitt mit einer Durchstanzbewehrung aus Dübelleisten ein Tastversuch durchgeführt. Nachfolgend wird über die Ergebnisse dieses Versuchs berichtet und ein Vergleich mit den Resultaten der vorangegangenen Untersuchungen vorgenommen.
INCREASING SUSTAINABILITY WITH SLIM FLOOR STRUCTURES
Authors: Hakkarainen Simo
Published: March 2020

Slim floor structures greatly increase the sustainability. Height of the buildings will be lower, while commercially available connections can help to design structures that can be dismantled later for re‐use. Choosing products that utilise recycled raw materials and building methods that accommodate low emission materials such as wood will result in even lower CO2 emissions.
BRIDGE – ORANGE HEADQUARTERS – “EFFET WOW” CANTILEVER STRUCTURE
Authors: Lopes Adriano , Breda Ricardo , Gonçalves Sílvio
Published: March 2020

Orange's new headquarters is under construction in suburban Paris, to centralize company's services and welcome 3000 employees, currently scattered throughout the city. The architectural concept that aims for uniqueness, finds sometimes complex forms, highly conditioning of structural design. The building is mostly precast concrete, but several steel substructures are used to address the most structurally challenging areas. One of them is a two‐level roof cantilever described here. The article presents the technical challenges posed to the project team and some of the peculiarities of this composite steel structure.
HUMAN COMFORT ASSESSMENT OF STEEL‐CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOORS
Authors: Ferreira Bárbara E. , Aguiar Jefferson V. , Carvalho Hermes , Caldas Rodrigo B. , da Silva José G. Santos , Calçada Rui A. B.
Published: March 2020

This research work aims to evaluate the steel‐concrete composite floors dynamic structural response, based on experimental tests and numerical modelling. The investigated structural system is an actual and existing project of a steel‐concrete composite floor, with total area of 1300 m2, used as a teaching hospital of a private university in Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil. Grounded on the developed analysis methodology, the dynamic response of the floor (natural frequencies and peak accelerations) are compared with the results obtained through the numerical model and with the limits proposed by standards and design recommendations, aiming at the structure's performance evaluation with regard to human comfort.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CONCRETE STRENGTH IN EMBEDDED SHEAR CONNECTORS OF STEEL‐CONCRETE CORRUGATED WEB COMPOSITE BRIDGES THROUGH PUSH‐OUT TESTS
Authors: Németh Gábor , Kovács Nauzika , Jáger Bence , Kövesdi Balázs
Published: March 2020

Traditionally in steel‐concrete composite bridges, the structural elements with different materials are work together with headed stud shear connectors welded to the top flange of the steel beam. The application of trapezoidal corrugated web embedded in the concrete slab provides an alternative for steel‐concrete composite and hybrid structures, however requires new solutions for shear connectors. The paper focusing on the corrugated web type composite and hybrid girders with embedded shear connector called concrete dowel. The paper provides an overview of the push‐out test program performed in the Structural Laboratory of the Department of Structural Engineering in BME.
ASSESSMENT OF SHS TUBULAR T JOINTS SUBJECTED TO CHORD AXIAL FORCES
Authors: Correia Tatiana P. , de Lima Luciano R. O. , Rodrigues Monique C. , da S. Vellasco Pedro C. G. , da Silva André T.
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of T‐type welded joints consisting of cold‐formed steel square hollow sections (SHS), with β equal to 1.0, with and without sidewall plate reinforcement. A particular focus is on the preload effect in the chord, which is subjected to different levels of tension and compressive axial forces. For this purpose, a finite element numerical study was developed in ANSYS software, based on the development of calibrated models with experimental results. The results were compared with analytical formulations prescribed by standards and in the literature.
LINEAR ELASTIC LATERAL BUCKLING (INCLUDING SHEAR DEFORMATION) AND LINEAR ELASTIC LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING OF COMPOSITE BEAMS ‐ AN ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING APPROACH
Authors: Derks Johannes P. B. N.
Published: March 2020

This article outlines a concise and complete versatile novel analytical framework to quickly and effectively assess lateral shear (knik) and lateral torsional buckling (kip) of composite beams build of sections with different lengths. The adjective “composite” includes dissimilar beam cross‐sections (beam profiles) and distinct beam materials. The major aim is to provide engineers with an accurate, simple but elegant analytical beam buckling tool based on advanced solid theoretical propositions. The justification of the analytical theory is supplied by demonstration of executed numerical tests, which affirm the validity of the proposed analytical buckling models adapted to the considered beam buckling cases.
COMPOSITE COLUMN WITH A BUNCH OF HIGH‐STRENGTH REINFORCEMENT BARS
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Röß Rudolf
Published: March 2020

In this research project, a new type of fire resistant, stable and at the same time slender composite column is developed and analysed. For this purpose, a bunch of high‐strength reinforcing bars with a yield strength equal to 670 N/mm2 is inserted in a steel pipe and then grout injected.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF STEEL AND STEEL‐CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAM‐TO‐COLUMN CONNECTIONS WITH EXTENDED END PLATE
Authors: de Freitas Vanessa S. , de Almeida Luiz Carlos , Trautwein Leandro M.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a comparative analysis between steel and steel‐concrete composite connections with extended end plate. Numerical models were developed using ATENA 3D and calibrated from the results obtained by Figueiredo (2004) – University of São Paulo (USP – São Carlos) ‐ Brazil. A parametric analysis, achieved by varying the diameter for the bolts and the stud bolts, showed that considering the concrete component in the connection increased the joint's stiffness by 41%. In addition, it showed that among all the parameters analyzed the bolt diameter was the most relevant one, capable of altering the characterization of the connection's ultimate limit state.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF STRENGTHENED SLENDER I‐GIRDERS WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS
Authors: Cardoso Hermano de Sousa , Martins João Pedro , da Silva Luis Simões , Cimini Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2020

This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying diagonal reinforcements composed by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) on the web surface of slender steel I‐girders. The use of such reinforcements contributes to a higher shear buckling strength capacity of the beam panels. This strengthening technique was evaluated by means of numerical analysis using the finite element software Abaqus®. In the analyzed models the connection between the reinforcement of composite material and the beam was made by structural adhesives. Additionally, beams with traditional diagonal reinforcements made of welded steel plate were simulated for comparison purposes, as well as another model without any diagonal reinforcement.
Long‐Lived Photocharges in Supramolecular Polymers of Low‐Band‐Gap Chromophores
Authors: Hafner Regina J. , Görl Daniel , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Balog Sandor , Frauenrath Holger
Published: March 2020

Photoinduced charge separation in supramolecular aggregates of π‐conjugated molecules is a fundamental photophysical process and a key criterion for the development of advanced organic electronics materials. Herein, the self‐assembly of low‐band‐gap chromophores into helical one‐dimensional aggregates, due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, is reported. Chromophores confined in these supramolecular polymers show strong excitonic coupling interactions and give rise to charge‐separated states with unusually long lifetimes of several hours and charge densities of up to 5 mol % after illumination with white light. Two‐contact devices exhibit increased photoconductivity and can even show Ohmic behavior. These findings demonstrate that the confinement of organic semiconductors into one‐dimensional aggregates results in a considerable stabilization of charge carriers for a variety of π‐conjugated systems, which may have implications for the design of future organic electronic materials.
Concentration‐Dependent Seeding as a Strategy for Fabrication of Densely Packed Surface‐Mounted Metal–Organic Frameworks (SURMOF) Layers
Authors: Li Qiang , Gies Joshua , Yu Xiu‐Jun , Gu Yu , Terfort Andreas , Kind Martin
Published: March 2020

The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method is a well‐established method for the growth of surface‐attached metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs). Various experimental parameters, such as surface functionalization or temperature, have been identified as essential in the past. In this study, inspired by these recent insights regarding the LbL SURMOF growth mechanism, the impact of reactant solutions concentration on LbL growth of the Cu2(F4bdc)2(dabco) SURMOF (F4bdc2−=tetrafluorobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate and dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane) in situ by using quartz‐crystal microbalance and ex situ with a combination of spectroscopic, diffraction and microscopy techniques was investigated. It was found that number, size, and morphology of MOF crystallites are strongly influenced by the reagent concentration. By adjusting the interplay of nucleation and growth, we were able to produce densely packed, yet thin films, which are highly desired for a variety of SURMOF applications.
Detection of Small‐Molecule Aggregation with High‐Throughput Microplate Biophysical Methods
Authors: Allen Samantha J. , Dower Corey M. , Liu Annie X. , Lumb Kevin J.
Published: March 2020

Small‐molecule drug discovery can be hindered by the formation of aggregates that act as non‐selective inhibitors of drug targets. Such aggregates appear as false positives in high‐throughput screening campaigns and can bedevil structure‐activity relationships during compound optimization. Protocols are described for resonant waveguide grating (RWG) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) as microplate‐based high‐throughput approaches to identify compound aggregation. Resonant waveguide grating and dynamic light scattering give equivalent results for the compound test set, as assessed with Bland‐Altman analysis. © 2019 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: Resonant waveguide grating (RWG) in 384‐well or 1536‐well plate format to detect compound aggregation

Basic Protocol 2: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) in 384‐well plate format to detect compound aggregation
Illuminating Biology with Visible‐Light‐induced Biocompatible Reactions
Authors: Chen Yiyun
Published: March 2020

Yiyun Chen
is a Professor at the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, a member of the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry of China, and a joint Professor at ShanghaiTech University. He is a current member of the ChemPhotoChem Editorial Board.
Genomewide selection utilizing historic datasets improves early stage selection accuracy and selection stability
Authors: Sleper Joshua A. , Sweet Patrick K. , Mukherjee Shreyartha , Li Min , Hugie Kari L. , Warner Todd L.
Published: March 2020

Over the past decade, commercial maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs have generated a large quantity of complimentary phenotypic and genotypic datasets on their recurrent breeding populations. As many genetic subgroups and alleles are recycled over the years, these data can be a valuable resource for predicting the performance of future breeding cycles. Our objective was to test the efficacy of using historic breeding data within a genomewide selection (GWS) framework to improve plant breeding selections in early stage testing of maize lines. Across a multiyear maize breeding dataset propriety of Syngenta Seeds, LLC., we compared the selection accuracy of GWS and phenotypic selection (PS). Genomewide selection improved selection accuracy relative to PS by 15% for grain yield, 21% for grain moisture, 3% for test weight, and 58% for ear height. Additionally, we demonstrate the stability of GWS for plant selections through a stratified sampling procedure in which loss of testing environments was simulated. Plant selections with GWS were robust and stable with the simulated loss of up to four testing environments (out of seven). Specifically, under this scenario, where four early stage testing environments were lost, the average GWS selection accuracies only decreased relatively by 10, 8 and 5% for grain yield, grain moisture, and test weight, respectively, compared with an average relative reduction for PS by 35, 13, and 12% for grain yield, grain moisture, and test weight, respectively. These results indicate that an abundance of historic genotypic and phenotypic data can compensate for a lack of preliminary yield trials.
Economic returns of one versus two fungicide applications in oklahoma winter wheat
Authors: Watson Branden H. , Hunger Robert M. , Marburger David A.
Published: March 2020

Fungicides protect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield potential by managing foliar fungal diseases, but little information comparing one vs. two applications is available for the US southern Great Plains. Field experiments conducted from 2016–2018 at two Oklahoma locations (Apache and Stillwater) used two winter wheat cultivars (‘Gallagher’ and ‘Bentley’) and four fungicide application timings (control, Feekes 6, Feekes 9, and Feekes 6 + 9). Disease levels were highest during 2017 due to leaf rust. Dry conditions during 2018 limited disease development overall. Fungicide applications resulted in significantly higher yields in three of eight year × location × cultivar comparisons, all during 2017. The Feekes 6 + 9 treatment only showed the highest grain yield for the leaf rust‐susceptible cultivar Bentley at Stillwater that season. Partial profit was also examined by year, location, and cultivar using four fungicide cost scenarios at three grain sale prices. Only 22 of 96 comparisons showed significant positive partial profit from fungicide use, and all occurred at Stillwater during 2017. Two fungicide applications had the highest profit in 4 of the 22 comparisons for the cultivar Bentley. However, a single application of a low‐cost fungicide was most often among the highest profitable fungicide treatments, depending when higher disease levels were present. Partial profits from one and two fungicide applications were not significant or significantly negative when disease levels were low. Knowledge of cultivar disease susceptibility and disease scouting need to be considered to economically justify one or two fungicide applications in Oklahoma winter wheat.
Potential of rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) gene pool for use in the breeding of B. napus canola
Authors: Shiranifar Bijan , Hobson Neil , Kebede Berisso , Yang Rong‐Cai , Rahman Habibur
Published: March 2020

The narrow genetic diversity in Brassica napus L. (AACC, 2n = 38) canola is one of the major impediment for continued improvement of this crop. Among the different primary gene pools of B. napus, rutabaga (B. napus var. napobrassica) is genetically distinct from spring canola. The potential value of this gene pool for use in the breeding of B. napus canola was investigated in the present study. For this, 93 advanced generation inbred lines with a spring growth habit were developed from F2 and BC1 populations of rutabaga × spring canola crosses and evaluated in replicated field trials for agronomic and seed quality traits. These inbred lines were also genotyped with SSR markers to assess the extent of allelic diversity introgressed from rutabaga into the inbred lines. Some of the inbred lines gave higher seed yield and had greater oil content than their spring canola parent. Molecular marker analysis showed that genetically distinct B. napus canola lines carrying unique alleles of the A and C genomes of rutabaga could be obtained from both F2– and BC1–derived populations. Thus, the results demonstrate the potential of using the rutabaga gene pool for the improvement of B. napus canola.