bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice for the first six months in mothers with infants between 6 and 15 months of age in Erbil city, Iraq: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sdeeq Nabaz , Saleh Abubakir
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: Breastfeeding is a useful and natural source of nutrition that provides the healthiest start for an infant. Despite its nutritional benefits, breastfeeding promotes a unique and emotional connection between mother and baby. This study aimed to assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding within the first six months of age in Erbil City, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil city, Iraq, from December 2017 to December 2018. A convenience sampling method was used for selecting mothers of infants aged 6-15 months. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical package for the social sciences was used for data analysis and a P value of ≤0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 306 mothers with children aged between 6 and 15 months were included. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 26.5%. Around 36% of mothers had a primary school qualification, of whom 28.2% gave exclusive breastfeeding. Around 84%of the mother were housewives, of whom 28.3% had exclusive breastfeeding. Around 92% of the mothers had a birth at health facilities, of whom 26.2% gave exclusive breastfeeding. Around 50% of mothers had cesarean section deliveries, of whom 23.4% gave exclusive breastfeeding. Around 44% of the mothers mentioned that insufficient milk is the barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding still remains low compared to the current WHO recommendations. The most common barrier to continuing exclusive breastfeeding was the perception of insufficient milk production. Housewife mothers are more likely to breastfeed their infants exclusively, and least when the mother is a non-house wife. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Mothers; Infants; Erbil.
The diagnosis of malignant breast lumps using fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography versus histopathology
Authors: Baban Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: The most common cancer of women worldwide is breast cancer and usually presents as a breast lump. Fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography are two investigational techniques used to differentiate malignant breast lump from benign one. This study aimed to find out and compare the specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of ultrasonography versus fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of malignant breast lump. Methods: Patients who presented with clinically palpable breast lump at the department of Surgery, Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, from October 2014 to March 2016, were included. The age of the study participants ranged from 15 to 56 years. The highest rate (28.9%) was among the age group 35-45 years. Breast abscess, cystic breast lumps, and recurrent lumps have been excluded. The ultrasonographic evaluation was done by using 7.5 MHz probe for all patients at the department of radiology and fine needle aspiration cytology at the department of histopathology. All the patients underwent excision of the lumps, and histopathological examination was done for tissues. Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology were estimated, taking the histopathological result as the gold standard. A comparison of values was made. Results: Ninety patients with 93 breast lumps were included in this study. Fine needle aspiration cytology reported 28 lumps as malignant lumps and 63 as benign, and two cases were indeterminate. Ultrasonography reported 27 cases as malignant, 54 as benign, and nine as indeterminate, while three breast lumps were failed to be detected. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing malignant breast lump were 94.74%, 100%, 100%, 97.22%, and 90.48%, 100%, 100%, 95.24%,respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology are 100% specific in diagnosing malignant breast lesions. Although ultrasonography appears more sensitive than fine needle aspiration cytology, it has a higher percentage of the indeterminate report. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology; Ultrasonography; Breast lumps.
KANATLI ETLERİNDE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS YAYGINLIĞI VE ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENÇ PROFİLLERİNİN, ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENÇ VE ENTEROTOKSİN GENLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KISA Çilem , TUNCER Yasin
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, Isparta ve Antalya illerinde perakende satışı yapılan kanatlı etlerinde (32 piliç, 9 hindi, 9 bıldırcın) Staphylococcus aureus yaygınlığının araştırılması, antibiyotik direnç profilleri ve direnç genlerinin yanı sıra enterotoksin genleri varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kanatlı etlerinden muhtemel S. aureus izolasyonunda Baird Parker agar besiyeri kullanılmıştır. İzolatların tür düzeyinde tanısı S. aureus’da termostabil nükleaz genine (nuc) özgü primer çifti kullanılarak polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile yapılmıştır. 130 muhtemel S. aureus izolatının 16’sında nuc genine özgü 458 bç büyüklüğünde amplikonlar elde edilmiştir. Kanatlı eti örneklerinde S. aureus bulunma sıklığı % 20 (10/50) bulunmuştur. Koagülaz testi, S. aureus izolatlarının tamamının koagülaz pozitif olduğunu göstermiştir. Disk difüzyon testi, izolatların tamamının (% 100) kloramfenikole ve teikoplanine duyarlı, penisilin G’ye ise dirençli olduğunu göstermiştir. İzolatların % 81.25’inin (13/16) metisilin dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PZR işlemi sonucu S. aureus suşlarında en sık rastlanan antibiyotik direnç geninin blaZ (% 62.5, 10/16) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. S. aureus suşlarının hiçbirinde sea, seb, sec, sed ve see geni varlığı belirlenmemiştir.
Functional model of rat thyroid follicles cultured in Matrigel
Authors: Khoruzhenko Antonina , Miot Françoise , Massart Claude , Van Sande Jacqueline , Dumont Jacques-Emile , Beauwens Renaud , Boom Alain
Published: April 2021

Background: Long term maintenance of functional activity of thyroid cells is an essential requirement for basic in vitro studies on the physiology and pathology of the thyroid. An important prerequisite of thyrocytes’ functional activity in vivo and in vitro is their follicle organization.

Aim: This study aimed at developing a method of cultivation of functionally active rat thyroid follicles in Matrigel under three-dimensional conditions.

Methods: Undamaged rat thyroid follicles were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase/dispase, then embedded into Matrigel, and cultivated for two weeks. Thyroglobulin, thyroxine and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization were revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. Iodide organification was tested by protein bound 125I (PBI) measurement.

Results: Integrity of the follicles was preserved during the whole period of cultivation and was confirmed by 3D reconstruction of ZO-1 localization. Thyroglobulin was detected in thyrocyte cytoplasm, as well as in the intrafollicular lumen. Thyroxine was observed predominantly at the apical side of thyrocytes. Also, generated cultures were characterized by high level of iodide organification: PB125I represented 39 % of the total radioactivity in the Matrigel drop embedding the follicles; at the same time, methimazole almost totally inhibited this process (0.2 % of total radioactivity).

Conclusion: The method of rat thyrocyte cultivation in Matrigel, as described here allows to maintain the structural integrity and the functional activity of thyroid follicles in vitro and could be used for wide ranges of basic and applied researches in thyroidology.
Kallmann syndrome in a patient with Weiss–Kruszka syndrome and a de novo deletion in 9q31.2
Authors: Iivonen Anna-Pauliina , Kärkinen Juho , Yellapragada Venkatram , Sidoroff Virpi , Almusa Henrikki , Vaaralahti Kirsi , Raivio Taneli
Published: April 2021

Patients with deletions on chromosome 9q31.2 may exhibit delayed puberty, craniofacial phenotype including cleft lip/palate, and olfactory bulb hypoplasia. We report a patient with congenital HH with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome, KS) and a de novo 2.38 Mb heterozygous deletion in 9q31.2. The deletion breakpoints (determined with whole-genome linked-read sequencing) were in the FKTN gene (9:108,331,353) and in a non-coding area (9:110,707,332) (hg19). The deletion encompassed six protein-coding genes (FKTN, ZNF462, TAL2, TMEM38B, RAD23B, and KLF4). ZNF462 haploinsufficiency was consistent with the patient’s Weiss–Kruszka syndrome (craniofacial phenotype, developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss), but did not explain his KS. In further analyses, he did not carry rare sequence variants in 32 known KS genes in whole-exome sequencing and displayed no aberrant splicing of 15 KS genes that were expressed in peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome. The deletion was 1.8 Mb upstream of a KS candidate gene locus (PALM2AKAP2) but did not suppress its expression. In conclusion, this is the first report of a patient with Weiss–Kruszka syndrome and KS. We suggest that patients carrying a microdeletion in 9q31.2 should be evaluated for the presence of KS and KS-related features.
Reflexiones sobre la aplicación del principio de reciprocidad en la orden europea de detención y entrega
Authors: Fontestad Portalés Leticia
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo de investigación tras una breve exposición acerca de la interpretación que deba hacerse del principio de reciprocidad desde el punto de vista del Derecho internacional como principio básico de las relaciones internacionales entre los Estados, nos planteamos el alcance que al mismo deba darse en las concretas relaciones extradicionales entre los Estados. Tras poner de manifiesto que, en el ámbito de la extradición, como instrumento de cooperación jurídica penal internacional, estamos ante un principio que, tradicionalmente, ha condicionado la entrega de la persona reclamada alcanzando, además, el carácter de principio constitucional, reflexionaremos sobre la posible erradicación del mismo en el procedimiento de la orden europea de detención y entrega o, si, por el contrario, el legislador europeo, una vez más, ha fracasado en el intento de suprimir de la orden europea de detención y entrega, los principios clásicos de la extradición.
PERİODONTAL HASTALIK VE ANTİOKSİDAN BİTKİLER
Authors: Bezirci Didem , Karşıyaka Hendek Meltem , Olgun Ebru
Published: April 2021

Periodontal
hastalık, mevcut oral floranın disbiyozu nedeniyle periodonsiyumun yıkımına yol
açan ilerleyici, enfeksiyöz bir enflamatuvar hastalıktır. Patojenik
mikroorganizmalar, periodontal hastalığın etiyolojik faktörüdür, immüno-enflamatuvar
yanıt hastalığın ilerlemesini etkilemektedir. Periodontal hastalık sırasında,
reaktif oksijen türlerinin aşırı üretimi ve organizmanın dengeleme kapasitesi aşıldığında
oksidatif stres oluşmaktadır. Oksidatif stres, periodonsiyumun doğrudan (biyomolekül
hasarı) veya dolaylı yoldan (enflamatuvar sitokin ve yıkıcı enzimlerin
üretimini arttırarak) yıkımına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, reaktif oksijen
türlerinin antagonisti olarak, antioksidanlar periodontal hastalıkların
tedavisinde yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bitkiler, periodontal sağlığın
korunmasında eşsiz rol oynayan bazı dikkat çekici faydalara ve önemli
özelliklere sahiptir. Bunlar geleneksel periodontal tedavinin sonuçlarını iyileştirebilecek
mükemmel yardımcılar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, antioksidan
kapasitesi ve periodontal hastalıkta potansiyeli bulunan çeşitli bitki ve bitki
ürünlerinin birkaçını vurgulamaktır.
HİPOMİNERALİZE MİNE DEFEKTLERİNİN VİTAL BEYAZLATMA SONRASI ER:YAG LAZER İLE MİNİMAL İNVAZİV REHABİLİTASYONU: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: ÖZKANOĞLU Seda , HUBBEZOĞLU İhsan , GÖKTOLGA AKIN Emine Gülşah
Published: April 2021

Diş hekimliği uygulamalarında fonksiyon ve fonasyonun yanısıra doğal diş
estetiğinin de hastaya yeniden kazandırılması gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır.
Estetik sorunların çözümünde günümüzde daha konservatif tedavi seçenekleri
tercih edilmektedir. Son yıllarda teknolojik gelişmeleri takiben lazer
uygulamaları oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Lazer teknolojisindeki
gelişmelerle beraber her geçen gün lazerin diş hekimliğinde kullanımı ile
ilgili olarak yeni olanaklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Diğer geleneksel yöntemlere
göre lazer uygulaması, lazer ışınının kolaylıkla yönlendirilebilmesi ve yüksek
miktarda enerjinin küçük noktalara odaklanabilmesi nedeniyle oldukça ileri bir
tedavi yöntemidir. Bu vaka sunumunda; ön
grup dişlerdeki mine defektlerinin vital beyazlatma uygulaması sonrası, Er:YAG
lazer ile defekten minimal doku kaldırılıp, direkt kompozit rezin ile
restorasyonunun tamamlanması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: estetik, lazer, kompozit
EVALUATION OF THE ANXIETY LEVELS OF ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: KÖK Hatice , İLERİ Zehra , TEKİN Hasan Hüseyin
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the anxiety of patients receiving orthodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A 27-questions online questionnaire form was designed to assess orthodontic patients’ anxiety levels regarding the COVID-19 pandemic with Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View,CA,ABD). The questionnaire link sent to the 400 patients and the study conducted with 262 volunteer patients(VP) who were receiving active orthodontic treatment the during pandemic and who agreed to fill out our questionnaire voluntarily. Descriptive statistics with percentages, chi-square and independent t test were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The 53.8%VP were women who were more anxious than men about the pandemic and its effect on their orthodontic treatments. 49.6%VP were anxious,44.7%VP were calm. 40.5% of the participants stated that they did not have any problems with their orthodontic treatments during the pandemic.80.2%VP communicated with their orthodontist during the COVID-19 pandemic.97.3%VP said that they trust their orthodontist in the management and guidance of their treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.51.9%VP declared that they did not anxious when attending their orthodontic appointments. The most common complaint(21.4%) of the patients during this period was bracket breaking and wire sinking. The major concern about pandemic affect on their treatment was delay of the treatment (59.4%).
CONCLUSION: It’s important to inform patients about their treatments and the pandemic process. Establishing a strong patient-clinician relationship is beneficial. The VP did not have any severe anxiety about the pandemic and its adverse affects on their orthodontic treatment.
Los pliegos de condiciones en el contrato de obra
Authors: Pinzón Téllez Jesika Michell , Romero Cespedes Wilmer Steven
Published: April 2021

Como consecuencia de la implementación de los pliegos de condiciones en la contratación estatal, se pretende establecer, desde un punto de vista legal, cuál es la naturaleza jurídica de los pliegos, así como sus fortalezas, deficiencias, y crear propuestas de solución frente a estas últimas. Con este propósito, se propone la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles han sido las fortalezas y deficiencias del pliego de condiciones en el proceso de selección de licitación pública desde el marco del contrato de obra? Por esta razón, se considera que, pese a las deficiencias de este acto administrativo, debido a la corrupción en la contratación estatal, el pliego de condiciones es un elemento esencial. A efectos de lo anterior, la elaboración de los pliegos de condiciones no debe estar en cabeza y a discrecionalidad de la entidad contratante; por el contrario, debería existir una institución encargada de realizarlos, aunada a la inspección y vigilancia por parte de un ente de control, que garantice la transparencia, la debida aplicación de las normas y principios que rigen la contratación pública, con el fin de erradicar los intereses políticos, personales, clientelistas, que monopolizan la contratación y que prevalezcan los intereses del Estado. El contenido del artículo es producto de una metodología de investigación cualitativa, en razón a que fue adelantado con el fin de interpretar, identificar y desarrollar el problema de investigación; además, es de carácter dogmático, teniendo en cuenta que estudiamos el ordenamiento jurídico del pliego de condiciones, para transmitir, utilizar, mejorar y complementar el conocimiento.
Influencia del docente y la docente, la metodología y el contenido de las clases de educación física en la percepción de estudiantado chileno
Authors: Giakoni-Ramírez Frano , Duclos-Bastías Daniel , Parra-Camacho David
Published: April 2021

Introducción. La relevancia de la educación en la sociedad actual es evidente, por ello, es de vital importancia conocer la percepción de los diversos actores que interactúan en esta, en particular, la del estudiantado sobre las metodologías y contenidos que ofrece el profesorado es determinante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo. Conocer la percepción que reportan estudiantes de tres centros educativos de la región de Valparaíso (Chile), en relación con la satisfacción por las actividades deportivas, la clase de educación física y la función del personal docente. Metodología. Se utilizó una escala de 12 ítems agrupadas en tres dimensiones. Se aplicó una escala de percepción a una muestra compuesta de 660 estudiantes de 7º (NB5) y 8º (NB6) de Enseñanza General Básica, pertenecientes a tres centros educativos chilenos (municipal, subvencionado y particular). Resultados. Se comprueba que las variables sexo y centro de escolarización influyen significativamente en la percepción del estudiantado sobre la asignatura. Conclusión. Estos resultados buscan mejorar las actuaciones de los diferentes agentes participantes en el proceso educativo, destinados a la mejora de la percepción del estudiantado con el fin de reforzar hábitos deportivos y de vida saludable.
Impacto del aula invertida en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre los mapas de Karnaugh
Authors: Salas-Rueda Ricardo Adán
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación cuantitativa analiza el impacto del aula invertida en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre los mapas de Karnaugh, para ello considera la ciencia de datos, las redes neuronales y el aprendizaje automático (regresión lineal). En el aprendizaje automático, la sección de entrenamiento utilizó el 60%, 70% y 80% de la muestra para evaluar las hipótesis de investigación. Los mapas de Karnaugh permiten identificar la función lógica que minimiza el número de componentes electrónicos utilizados durante la construcción de los circuitos digitales. El objetivo general es implementar y analizar el uso sobre el aula invertida en el proceso educativo sobre los mapas de Karnaugh. La muestra está compuesta por 26 estudiantes de la Licenciatura Ejecutiva en Sistemas Computacionales que cursaron la asignatura Lógica secuencial y combinatoria en una universidad mexicana. Esta investigación propone la implementación del aula invertida por medio de la consulta de videos YouTube (antes de la clase), el uso del protoboard en forma colaborativa (durante la clase) y el empleo del software Crocodile Clips (después de la clase). El protoboard es una placa de pruebas que permite la construcción de circuitos digitales y el software Crocodile Clips permite realizar diversas simulaciones sobre el funcionamiento de los circuitos digitales. Los resultados del aprendizaje automático indican que el aula invertida influye positivamente el rol activo y la motivación del estudiantado durante el proceso de aprendizaje. La ciencia de datos identifica 6 modelos predictivos sobre el aula invertida por medio de la técnica árbol de decisión. La información sobre el perfil del estudiantado (sexo y edad) y el uso de las herramientas (videos YouTube, protoboard y software Crocodile Clips) permiten la construcción de estos modelos. Asimismo, las redes neuronales identifican los aspectos del aula invertida que influyen en el rol activo y la motivación del estudiantado. Por último, en este estudio se ha comprobado que el aula invertida mejora las condiciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje por medio de la consulta de videos YouTube, el uso del protoboard en forma colaborativa y el empleo del software Crocodile Clips.
Estrategias de evaluación mediadas por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC): Una revisión de bibliografía
Authors: Vega-Angulo Hugo Esteban , Rozo-García Hugo , Dávila-Gilede Julián
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito develar las estrategias de evaluación mediadas por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), de acuerdo con una revisión sistemática de bibliografía configurativa y agregativa, que hace uso de teoría fundamentada para el análisis de datos. Para el caso particular, se tuvieron en cuenta las estrategias, usos, tipos de evaluación y herramientas que se han utilizado en el periodo 2010-2016 para mediar o para apoyar los procesos evaluativos. Como evidencia principal, es notorio que el uso de TIC en los procesos de evaluación ha tomado fuerza gradualmente y su integración tiene diversos propósitos. Se concluye que es necesario tener en cuenta la estrategía, el tipo de evaluación que se quiere favorecer, las TIC o tecnología disponible y ambiente de aprendizaje donde se desarrolla el proceso educativo.
Educar en tiempos de cambio climático para la resiliencia humana y la regeneración ambiental
Authors: Núñez-Rodríguez José De Jesus , Carvajal-Rodríguez Julio César
Published: April 2021

En este artículo de reflexión se abordan la resiliencia humana y la regeneración ambiental en la formación de la población para la adaptación y mitigación de los efectos negativos del cambio climático. El objetivo es poner a disposición del personal docente las implicaciones de estos constructos en el comportamiento de las sociedades, en los escenarios del clima futuro, y la urgente necesidad de su valoración en las aulas de clase. El ensayo se ha construido a partir de la revisión acuciosa de bibliografía actualizada disponible en revistas indexadas y en documentos de organizaciones internacionales y su posterior contextualización pedagógica. El análisis realizado permite concluir que la escuela debe potenciar en sus estudiantes los procesos biológicos, cognitivos y emocionales relacionados con la resiliencia para persistir en ambientes inciertos, vulnerables y complejos, como efecto de la ocurrencia de eventos extremos de temperaturas (olas de calor y frio) y precipitaciones (sequías, inundaciones, huracanes). Asimismo, la educación debe formar a las futuras sociedades para emprender procesos de regeneración ambiental que reconstruyan los tejidos rotos de la naturaleza, como mecanismo para mitigar y resarcir los daños antrópicos. En estos escenarios pedagógicos la escuela es una institución de primer orden para formar a la ciudadanía que habitará un planeta con condiciones ambientales y recursos naturales aún desconocidos para el ser humano de hoy. La implementación de los constructos analizados amerita de políticas educativas, currículos escolares y personal docente formado para desarrollarlos desde sus aulas de clase.
Dificultades en la escritura académica de estudiantes de maestría
Authors: Rey-Castillo Marisol , Gómez-Zermeño Marcela Georgina
Published: April 2021

Academic literacy is the process that allows the development of necessary skills for the comprehension and production of texts in the field of higher education. This literacy is built across undergraduate studies and continues even in postgraduate education, so there will always be areas of opportunity and improvement according to academic and scientific communication needs. This work aimed to identify difficulties in the academic writing of students from two online master’s programs from a university in northeastern Mexico. Through the qualitative analysis of twelve students’ texts and interviews with five teachers, it was possible to identify aspects that can be improved, such as documentation, the articulation of one’s own voice with the sources, the citation, and some drafting elements.
Impacto de las estrategias de aprendizaje en educación a distancia sobre el desempeño estudiantil en un curso introductorio de la ciencia del suelo
Authors: Jiménez-Álvarez Leticia , Fierro-Jaramillo Natacha , Quichimbo-Miguitama Pablo , Capa-Mora Edwin
Published: April 2021

El propósito de la investigación es determinar, si las estrategias de aprendizaje influyeron en la participación y rendimiento del estudiantado de una asignatura de la ciencia del suelo para la modalidad a distancia. Se utilizó la participación y calificaciones de 783 estudiantes de una asignatura de gestión ambiental de una Universidad en el sur del Ecuador. Se organizaron los datos en cuatro periodos comprendidos entre el 2012 y 2018 y se analizaron con estadística descriptiva (medias y frecuencias), tomando en cuenta las estrategias aplicadas en cada periodo, como foros, chats, cuestionarios, trabajos y evaluaciones. Las estrategias sincrónicas y asincrónicas utilizadas influyen en la participación del estudiantado, pero no siempre en su rendimiento; además, el mayor número de actividades enviadas no siempre resulta provechoso; por ello, es clave priorizar y clarificar las actividades que se envíen al estudiantado, con una adecuada planificación y explicación de ellas. Las características únicas de la ciencia del suelo, sumadas al desafío de la enseñanza en modalidad a distancia, constituyen un verdadero reto por lo que continuar investigando los aspectos de la educación de esta ciencia, contribuirá a mejorar el rendimiento académico del estudiantado.
Sculpture for the body: Maria José Oliveira
Authors: DE Albuquerque Isabel Ribeiro
Published: April 2021

With this paper we intend to analyze a set of works by Maria José Oliveira that stand between the borders of Sculpture and Jewelry. Looking at the scale and the pieces, both assume a body to use them but being able to be autonomous. We prefer the designation “Sculpture for the body”. They are mixed pieces, which play with our concept of interior versus exterior and presence versus absence of the body, getting into the path of the absurd. They are versatile objects that mold to the body, dressing and reconfiguring it.
СТВОРЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНИХ ШТАМІВ БУЛЬБОЧКОВИХ БАКТЕРІЙ ТА МІКРОБНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ НА ЇХ ОСНОВІ
Authors: Kots S.Ya. , Morgun V.V.
Published: April 2021

Вступ. Препарати на основі високоефективних і конкурентоспроможних штамів бульбочкових бактерій поліпшуютьазотне й фосфорне живлення рослин, слугують джерелом біологічно активних сполук, є екологічно безпечними, проявляють високу селективну дію та післядію, підвищують урожайність та стресостійкість бобових культур.Проблематика. Із посиленням хімізації сільськогосподарського виробництва зростає рівень забруднення довкілля та погіршується якість продуктів харчування. Тому актуальним є пошук нових, науково обґрунтованих підходів до створення сучасних систем господарювання, які забезпечать виробництво екологічно чистої рослинної продукції. Доцільним шляхом вирішення проблеми на сьогодні є оптимізація рослинно-мікробних взаємодій, одним із видівяких є бобово-ризобіальний симбіоз.Мета. Отримання високоефективних штамів ризобій сучасними засобами молекулярної біології та нанобіотехнології та розробка на їхній основі інноваційних мікробних препаратів для інокуляції насіння бобових культур.Матеріали й методи. Використано штами бульбочкових бактерій люцерни, козлятника, сої, гороху і люпину та штам S17-1 Esсherichia coli з різними плазмідними векторами. Застосовано методи аналітичної селекції, мікробіологічні, фізіологічні та статистичні.Результати. Отримано високоефективні конкурентоспроможні штами ризобій під основні бобові культури, які забезпечують зростання урожаю на 11—21% порівняно зі штамами-стандартами. Розроблено препарати нового покоління «Ризостим» та «Ризостим-М», які є комплексними інокулянтами бінарної дії на основі бульбочкових бактерій та додаткових біоагентів.Висновки. Створені мікробіологічні інноваційні препарати забезпечують істотний економічний ефект, спрямовані на отримання екологічно чистої продукції, збереження й відтворення родючості ґрунтів, що зумовлює перспективність їхнього використання у сільськогосподарському виробництві.
SOLID PHASE EXTRACTANTS BASED ON POROUS POLYMERS IMPREGNATED WITH MULTIDENTATE CHELATING LIGANDS FOR ACTINIDE AND LANTHANIDE REMOVAL
Authors: Belikov Кonstantin , Bryleva Ekateryna , Bunina Zinaida , Varchenko Victoria , Andryushchenko Anna , Shcherbakov Ilias , Kalchenko Vitaliy , Drapailo Andriy , Zontov Alexander , Zontova Larysa
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes as well as monitoring of radioactive isotope content in environmental objects are actual tasks in the developed world. Lanthanide and transuranium element removal from spent nuclear fuel of nuclear power plants allows decreasing waste amount to be dumped and diminishing the risk of environmental pollution by radionuclides.
Problem Statement. Considering extreme radiotoxicity of transuranium elements and tight standards restricting their activity in air and water, there is an urgent need to develop accurate and highly sensitive methods for pollution control.
Purpose. Development of solid phase extractants (SPEs) based on porous polymers impregnated with multidentate chelating ligands for lanthanide, uranium and transuranium element removal from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods. The materials used are porous divinylbenzene polymers of POROLAS brand and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers from Smoly SE (Kamianske); multidentate chelating ligands of actinides and lanthanides such as N,N,N´,N´-tetra-n-octyl-oxapentane-1,5-diamide (TODGA) and carbamoyl phosphine oxides (CMPO); sorbent from TrisKem (France) based on TRU Resin (Eichrom Industries, Inc.). The research techniques are inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry.
Results. The solid-phase extractants (SPEs) for actinide and lanthanide removal from aqueous solutions have been synthesized by impregnation of porous polymeric POROLAS matrices and TODGA, CMPO-(PhOct) and CMPO-(Ph2). Sorption kinetics has been studied and capacity values for the different sorbents have been estimated. Extractive columns for uranium and europium concentration have been manufactured.
Conclusions. SPEs studied demonstrate a high efficiency in removing uranium and europium from aqueous solutions. Due to their characteristics obtained materials may be used for preconcentration of target ions in radioecologycal monitoring procedures.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pengawasan Keuangan Berbasis CodeIgniter Framework
Authors: Setiadi Muhammad Chendy , Zulfiandri Zulfiandri , Fitroh Fitroh , Utama Gunawan Pria
Published: April 2021

PT. Jakarta Maju Pusaka adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang kargo barang yang sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi, terutama dalam bidang ekspor-impor barang di Indonesia. Selama ini manager dalam melakukan monitoring finance perusahaan masih menggunakan proses pencatatan pada buku besar di bagian finance. Sistem informasi monitoring (dashboard system) mempunyai ide dasar dan manfaat yang dapat diperoleh sama dengan analogi kegunaan dashboard bagi pengemudi, yaitu dashboard dengan layar yang didesain yang menampilkan informasi mengenai kondisi bagian finance, yang memungkinkan para eksekutif dapat dengan cepat mengidentifikasi masalah dan menentukan langkah perbaikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pada bagian finance PT. Jakarta Maju Pusaka secara keseluruhan. Pembangunan sistem informasi monitoring (dashboard) ini menggunakan model prototype requirement. Penelitiaan ini bertujuan membangun sistem informasi monitoring (dashboard system) yang memberikan kemudahan kepada manager dalam monitoring laporan finance PT. Jakarta Maju Pusaka.
Implementasi Penerjemah Bahasa Tetun Indonesia (Timor Leste Tetun) Berbasis Web
Authors: Indriani Karlena , Da Silva Laura Gabriel , Sumanto Sumanto
Published: April 2021

Bahasa Tetun merupakan salah satu yang paling sering digunakan oleh penduduk Belu atau Timor Leste. Tujuan penerapan bahasa Indonesia dan Tetun adalah untuk membantu pengguna mempelajari bahasa Tetun dan bahasa Indonesia. Karena kamus Tetun tidak banyak tersedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, dan tidak ada aplikasi terjemahan Tetun ke Bahasa Indonesia untuk membantu masyarakat menemukan bahasa yang mudah di fahami. Maka penulis bermaksud membuat sebuah penelitian menggunakan PHP dan MySQL sebagai server untuk bahasa pemrogramannya website penerjemah bahasa Tetun-Indonesia berbasis web dengan Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk pembangunan sistem adalah metode SDLC yang terdiri atas banyak tahapan seperti perencanaan sistem, tinjauan sistem, perancangan sistem, pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan. metodologi pengembangan sistem. Hasil penelitian pada aplikasi penerjemah bahasa Tetun-Indonesia ini mempermudah pengguna dalam memperoleh pengetahuan kosakata khususnya bahasa Tetun-Indonesia.
Analisis Kelayakan Kredit Rumah Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes untuk Mengurangi Kredit Macet
Authors: Sumanto Sumanto , Marita Lita Sari , Mazia Lia , Ratnasari Tri Widian
Published: April 2021

Penentuan kelayakan pengajuan kredit rumah pada sebuah perusahaan developer adalah hal yang sangat penting, mengingat jika terjadi kesalahan menganalisis maka akan berdampak pada kerugian perusahaan yang pada kasus ini adalah PT. Pramatra. Oleh karena itu penulis membuat sebuah Analisis kelayakan kredit dengan menggunakan metode Naive Bayes untuk menentukan layak tidaknya sebuah pengajuan kredit rumah. Penulis membuat analisis kelayakan kredit menggunakan metode Naive Bayes menggunakan microsoft excel untuk kemudahan pengguna. Penulis juga menggunakan aplikasi pendukung Rapidminer menyiapkan data training sebayak 50 data dan data testing sebanyak 15 data yang dipilih secara rendom. Data testing tersebut akan dianalisis baik menggunakan sistem yang dibuat dan aplikasi pendukung keputusan Rapidminer. Hasil pengujian akurasi analisis kelayakan kredit rumah dengan menggunakan Naive Bayes cukup tinggi 0,80 atau sekitar 80%.
Emergence of Developmental Delay in Infants and Toddlers With an FMR1 Mutation
Authors: Wheeler Anne C. , Gwaltney Angela , Raspa Melissa , Okoniewski Katherine C. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Botteron Kelly N. , Budimirovic Dejan , Hazlett Heather Cody , Hessl David , Losh Molly , Martin Gary E. , Rivera Susan M. , Roberts Jane E. , Bailey Donald B.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Children with FMR1 gene expansions are known to experience a range of developmental challenges, including fragile X syndrome. However, little is known about early development and symptom onset, information that is critical to guide earlier identification, more accurate prognoses, and improved treatment options.

METHODS:

Data from 8 unique studies that used the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to assess children with an FMR1 gene expansion were combined to create a data set of 1178 observations of >500 young children. Linear mixed modeling was used to explore developmental trajectories, symptom onset, and unique developmental profiles of children <5 years of age.

RESULTS:

Boys with an FMR1 gene full mutation showed delays in early learning, motor skills, and language development as young as 6 months of age, and both sexes with a full mutation were delayed on all developmental domains by their second birthday. Boys with a full mutation continued to gain skills over early childhood at around half the rate of their typically developing peers; girls with a full mutation showed growth at around three-quarters of the rate of their typically developing peers. Although children with a premutation were mostly typical in their developmental profiles and trajectories, mild but significant delays in fine motor skills by 18 months were detected.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with the FMR1 gene full mutation demonstrate significant developmental challenges within the first 2 years of life, suggesting that earlier identification is needed to facilitate earlier implementation of interventions and therapeutics to maximize effectiveness.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DE UMA PROFESSORA DE CIÊNCIAS PELA ARTICULAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Barolli Elisabeth , Guridi Verónica Marcela
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que um processo de desenvolvimento profissional docente que se inicia na graduação - apoiado em programas e projetos de incentivo à docência - requer continuidade na participação do professor em outros contextos formativos de longa duração. Para verificar tal hipótese, analisamos, numa perspectiva indiciária, a trajetória de uma professora de Física desde seu ingresso na licenciatura de uma universidade pública até sua participação em um curso de Mestrado Profissional. Metodologicamente, optamos pela tradição qualitativa de pesquisa e utilizamos como fonte de dados uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada com a professora. A análise dos dados seguiu um esquema que compreende o desenvolvimento profissional constituído por diferentes dimensões relacionadas aos saberes docentes. Os resultados parecem confirmar a nossa hipótese, mostrando a importância da continuidade e articulação de programas de formação inicial e continuada para favorecer o desenvolvimento profissional de professores de Ciências.
Ochratoxin A Secretion in Primary Cultures of Rabbit Renal Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: GROVES CARLOTTA E. , NOWAK GRAZYNA , MORALES MARK
Published: April 2021

Primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells grown under improved culture conditions were used to study the transepithelial transport of the nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin A. The basal-to-apical transepithelial flux, i.e., secretion, of this fluorescence organic acid was measured in primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells. The basal-to-apical flux of ochratoxin A increased with time and reached a steady state after 12 h. On the other hand, the apical-to-basal flux, i.e., reabsorption, of ochratoxin A was minimal over time. The secretory flux of ochratoxin A was as much as eightfold greater than the reabsorptive flux, indicating that net secretion is the primary mechanism for ochratoxin A clearance by the proximal tubule. The kinetic analysis of ochratoxin A flux revealed secretion to be a saturable and very high-affinity process with an apparent K50 of 0.33 ± 0.21 mM. A saturating concentration of the prototypical organic anion substrate para-aminohippurate (PAH) reduced ochratoxin A secretion by approximately 75%. The kinetic analysis of PAH inhibition of ochratoxin A secretion revealed an IC50 of 195 mM, which is similar to the IC50 for PAH inhibition of peritubular ochratoxin A uptake in tubule suspensions and the K
m values for peritubular PAH uptake. The organic anions probenecid, octanoate, and α-ketoglutarate reduced ochratoxin A excretion to the same degree as PAH, whereas the amino acid phenylalanine had a minimal effect on ochratoxin A secretion. Thus, collectively, these observations indicate that the secretion of ochratoxin A in primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubules is limited to the organic anion secretory pathway. The high affinity measured for the basal-to-apical flux of ochratoxin A suggests that at concentrations typical of naturally occurring exposures, transepithelial secretion by the organic anion transport pathway represents a significant avenue for excretion of this mycotoxin by the renal proximal tubule.
Serum Cystatin C as a Determinant of Fasting Total Homocysteine Levels in Renal Transplant Recipients with a Normal Serum Creatinine
Authors: BOSTOM ANDREW G. , GOHH REGINALD Y. , BAUSSERMAN LINDA , HAKAS DAVID , JACQUES PAUL F. , SELHUB JACOB , DWORKIN LANCE , ROSENBERG IRWIN H.
Published: April 2021

Serum creatinine, a surrogate for both renal function and homocysteine generation, is an important determinant of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in stable renal transplant recipients. In this study, it is hypothesized that among stable renal transplant recipients with normal creatinine levels (i.e., ≤ 1.5 mg/dl), serum cystatin C, a more sensitive indicator of GFR, would better predict fasting total homocysteine levels compared with serum creatinine. Fasting plasma total homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate levels, along with serum cystatin C, creatinine, and albumin levels, were determined in 28 consecutive renal transplant recipients (mean age 47 ± 14 yr; 60.7% men) with stable allograft function, whose serum creatinine was ≤1.5 mg/dl. General linear modeling with analysis of covariance revealed that serum cystatin C was independently predictive (partial R = 0.494; P = 0.023) of fasting total homocysteine levels after adjustment for age, gender, vitamin status, albumin, and creatinine levels. In contrast, creatinine levels were not predictive of fasting total homocysteine levels in this model (P = 0.110) or an identical model that excluded cystatin C (P = 0.131). Serum cystatin C levels may reflect subtle decreases in renal function that independently predict fasting total homocysteine levels among stable renal transplant recipients with a normal serum creatinine.
Neutrophil Apoptosis and Dysfunction in Uremia
Authors: CENDOROGLO MIGUEL , JABER BERTRAND L. , BALAKRISHNAN V. S. , PERIANAYAGAM MARY , KING ANDREW J. , PEREIRA BRIAN J. G.
Published: April 2021

The high prevalence of bacterial infections among patients with end-stage renal disease suggests that “professional” phagocytes such as neutrophils are functionally impaired. This dysfunction has been ascribed to uremic toxins, malnutrition, and dialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of apoptosis to neutrophil dysfunction in uremia. Neutrophils harvested from uremic patients (n = 6) and age-/gender-matched healthy control subjects (n = 6) were incubated with either 50% autologous plasma or 10% fetal calf serum. After 24-h incubation, apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry by using propidium iodide nuclear staining. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were also incubated with either 50% heterologous normal or uremic plasma. After 24-h incubation, apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, superoxide production was determined by measuring the capacity to reduce ferri- to ferro-cytochrome C by using 4-β-phorbol 12-β-myristate 13-α-acetate or N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for stimulus. Phagocytosis was determined by the uptake of 14C-labeled heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. Compared with normal neutrophils, uremic neutrophils demonstrated greater apoptosis in the presence of autologous plasma (9 ± 4 versus 19 ± 6%, P = 0.01) as well as 10% fetal calf serum (19 ± 7 versus 31 ± 6%, P = 0.03). Furthermore, compared with normal neutrophils exposed to heterologous normal plasma, those exposed to heterologous uremic plasma exhibited higher apoptosis rates (19 ± 3 versus 40 ± 5%, P = 0.002), lower fMLP-stimulated superoxide production (22.6 ± 2.5 versus 15.5 ± 1.1 nmol O2
[UNK] /3.12 × 105 cells/30 min, P = 0.01), and a lower phagocytosis index (38 ± 3% versus 27 ± 5%, P = 0.04). Apoptosis correlated inversely with fMLP-stimulated superoxide production (r = -0.60, P = 0.04) and phagocytosis (r = -0.57, P = 0.05). These results suggest that uremic neutrophils undergo accelerated in vitro apoptosis. Furthermore, uremic plasma accelerates apoptosis of normal neutrophils, resulting in a dysfunctional pattern that is similar to that observed in uremia.
P2 Purinoceptor Saturation by Adenosine Triphosphate Impairs Renal Autoregulation in Dogs
Authors: MAJID DEWAN S. A. , INSCHO EDWARD W. , NAVAR L. GABRIEL
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have suggested a role for P2 purinoceptors on vascular smooth muscle cells in the mechanism of renal autoregulation. Experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs (n = 9) to examine renal blood flow (RBF) auto-regulatory efficiency before and after saturation of P2 purinoceptors with acute intra-arterial administration of ATP (1 mg/kg per min). Dogs were pretreated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine (NLA) (50 μg/kg per min), to avoid endothelial P2 receptor-mediated effects on nitric oxide release caused by the intra-arterial ATP infusions. NLA treatment decreased RBF (5.3 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.2 ml/min per g) and sodium excretion (3.6 ± 0.4 to 0.9 ± 0.2 ml/min per g) without producing significant changes in GFR (0.92 ± 0.04 to 0.90 ± 0.06 ml/min per g) or RBF autoregulatory efficiency. ATP administration to NLA-treated dogs resulted in further decreases in RBF (2.8 ± 0.2 ml/min per g), GFR (0.58 ± 0.05 ml/min per g), and sodium excretion (0.6 ± 0.2 μmol/min per g). In addition, there was marked impairment of RBF autoregulatory efficiency during ATP infusion. The slopes of the arterial pressure-blood flow relationships at renal arterial pressures of >75 mmHg were significantly altered, from 0.003 ± 0.001 to 0.2 ± 0.002 ml/min per g per mmHg. Discontinuation of ATP infusion restored RBF autoregulatory efficiency. Norepinephrine (5 μg/kg per min) administration in these NLA-treated dogs decreased RBF (2.5 ± 0.3 ml/min per g; n = 4) to a similar extent, compared with ATP, but did not impair RBF autoregulation. These results support the hypothesis that P2 purinoceptors may be involved in mediating autoregulatory adjustments in renal vascular resistance.
Th1 and Th2 Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: YAP HUI-KIM , CHEUNG WAI , MURUGASU BELINDA , SIM SZE-KEEN , SEAH CHING-CHING , JORDAN STANLEY C.
Published: April 2021

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood is thought to be associated with T lymphocyte dysfunction often triggered by viral infections, with the production of circulating factor(s) resulting in proteinuria. In view of the conflicting evidence of T cell activation and Th1 or Th2 pattern of cytokine synthesis in this disease, this study examined the mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in steroid-responsive nephrotic patients in relapse and remission. Fifty-five children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome were included in this study, together with 34 normal controls and 24 patient controls with viral infections. RNA was isolated from purified CD4+ or CD8+ cells from peripheral blood and subjected to reverse transcription-PCR. Cytokine mRNA expression was measured semiquantitatively, and a cytokine index was derived from densitometric readings, with cyclophilin as the housekeeping gene. Both cross-sectional and paired data showed an increased CD4+ and CD8+ IL-13 mRNA expression in patients with nephrotic relapse as compared to remission, normal, and patient controls (P <0.008). This was also associated with increased cytoplasmic IL-13 expression in phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin-activated CD3+ cells (6.66 ± 3.39%) from patients with nephrotic relapse compared to remission (2.59 ± 1.35%) (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in CD4+ or CD8+ IL-2, interferon-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression. IL-13 is an important T cell cytokine with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions on B cells and monocytes. It is conceivable that IL-13 may act on monocytes to produce vascular permeability factor(s) involved in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in patients with relapse nephrotic syndrome.