bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palynological Study of Some Astragalus L. Sections Distributed in Türkiye
Authors: Bilgi Halime , Çeter Talip , Bani Barış , Karabicak Serhat , Biyiklioğlu Oktay , Özkutlu İbrahim , Elfogohi Laila
Published: December 2024

In this study, the morphological properties of pollen of 14 species from 9 different sections of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) distributed in Türkiye were examined, identified, and compared under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of the studied taxa are radially symmetrical and isopolar. Pollen shapes were determined as prolate, subprolate, spheroidal, and prolate‐spheroidal. The polar axis lengths of the pollen grains were determined to be between 24.5 and 34.4 μm, and the equatorial axis lengths were determined to be between 22.4 and 27.5 μm. The aperture type of pollen grains is mainly trizonacolporate, rarely trisyncolporate. Colpus are thin and long with acute ends. The shapes of the pores were determined as oblate, suboblate, or oblate‐spheroidal. Colpus lengths were found to be between 18.2 and 28.8 μm, and widths were found to be between 2.7 and 7.1 μm. In the studied species, four types of ornamentation were determined according to the differences in the polar region and equatorial region. Type 1: perforate in polar and equatorial regions; Type 2: perforate in polar region, microreticulate in equatorial region; Type 3: microreticulate in polar and equatorial regions; Type 4: psilate‐perforate in polar region, microreticulate in equatorial region. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analyses showed that morphological characters of pollen grains were effective in distinguishing species but could not contribute significantly to a distinction according to sections. Pollen size, colpus characteristics, and ornamentation were determined to be important characteristics that distinguish the studied taxa. This study contributes to Astragalus taxonomy and different sub‐branches of palynology.
Prevalence of Liver Steatosis Among Workers in Ouagadougou and Associated Factors: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Napon‐Zongo Delphine , Diendere Jeoffray , Sanou Armel M. , Coulibaly Abou , Dera Abdoulaye , Ouattara Nina G. M. , Zeba Augustin N. , Kouanda Seni
Published: December 2024

Aims

Liver steatosis prevalence is growing, linked to the current worldwide epidemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In sub‐Saharan Africa, data on apparent healthy workers must still be included. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatic steatosis and its associated factors in the workplace.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from July to October 2022 in seven selected public and private works places in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Workers still in activity were enrolled by random sampling. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure measurements were performed using standard procedures. Blood samples for fasting blood glucose, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL), triglycerides, transaminases (AST, ALT), gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase, C reactive protein, uric acid, surface antigen of hepatitis B (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV), and HIV antibodies have been realized. Liver steatosis was assessed by FIBROSCAN with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). An adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed. A significance level of 5% was applied. A total of 500 workers were included in this study. Among them, 293 (58.6%) were men. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 18% (95% CI: 14.7–21.7). Factors associated with hepatic steatosis were age over 50 (p = 0.038), waist circumference (p = 0.0001), body mass index (p = 0.008), and cytolysis (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Liver steatosis affects almost a fifth of working people. Health policies must step up the fight against obesity and other nutrition‐related noncommunicable diseases.
Application of Advanced High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Losartan Potassium Drug Substance Degradation Products: From Nontargeted to Targeted Screening
Authors: Xia Jiaxuan , Jin Yibao , Hong Yanjun , Huang Xiaolong , Pan Jing , Sun Kunhui , Li Meifang , Xie Zhiyong , Wang Bing
Published: December 2024

Advances in techniques for quality analysis allow for a more detailed examination of drug impurities. High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) contributes to detecting both known and unknown impurities. In this study, a combination of a nontargeted and targeted screening approach was established and applied to the detailed degradation profile of the losartan potassium (LP) drug substance. Through general unknown comparative screening (GUCS), 35 degradation products (DPs) were detected; of these, 10 DPs were confirmed with reference substances. DP‐1, DP‐2, DP‐3, and DP‐6 were the first characterized, as per previous studies; the other twenty‐four were newly identified. In addition, a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of the ten DPs. It was sensitive, with the limit of quantitation of analytes ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 ng mL−1. Two newly characterized DPs, DP‐1 and DP‐2, were determined in active pharmaceutical ingredient solutions. This study introduced a new approach using broad screening to analyze degradation impurity profiles in LP drug substance, aiding in the identification of low‐level impurities or those without reference substances. Additionally, the sensitive determination method developed allows for the precise quantification and control of ten DPs at trace levels in LP drug substances or products.
Nanostructured Gold Interlayer‐Enhanced Self‐Powered Photodetectors for Visible and Long‐Wave Infrared Dual‐Band Applications
Authors: Zhang Boyong , Wang Wencan , Sun Tianhao , Wang Jianyuan
Published: December 2024

Self‐powered dual‐functional detectors comprising a p‐Si/nanostructured Au/CdS sandwiched structure, which respond to the visible and long‐wave infrared dual‐band, are developed for visible light communication and passive human recognition without Fresnel lenses. Various configurations of nanostructured Au interlayers are fabricated via solid‐state dewetting, significantly enhancing the optoelectronic and pyroelectric properties of the original p‐Si/CdS system. The p‐Si/Au nanoparticles/CdS detector achieves a responsivity of 0.47 A/W, a response time of 830 ns, a −3 dB bandwidth of 0.33 MHz, and human recognition distance of up to 2 m. The improvement in optoelectronic properties is attributed to enhanced light absorption resulting from multiple internal reflections and localized surface plasmon resonance, as well as an enhanced built‐in electric field within the Au/CdS Schottky junction. The improvement in pyroelectric properties is related to enhanced polarization of CdS resulting from the interface polar symmetry, which not only improves the visible photoresponse at high pulsed light frequencies but also enables effective detection of human radiation. Additionally, the effects of body parts, vertical distance, and moving velocity on pyroelectric human recognition are systematically investigated. This work expands the diversity of multifunctional photodetectors with great potential for visible and long‐wave infrared dual‐band applications.
Computational Imaging Encryption with Steganography and Lanthanide Luminescent Materials
Authors: Lu Mengyang , Xie Yao , Li Jiwei , Gu Wenting , Sun Lining , Liu Xin
Published: December 2024

Optical encryption is a potential scheme for information security that exploits abundant degrees of freedom of light to encode information. However, conventional encryption based on fluorescent materials faces challenges in handling complex secret information. Alternatively, single‐pixel imaging (SPI) provides a computational modality to solve these problems. In this study, a high‐capacity fluorescence encryption scheme, achieved by introducing lanthanide materials and steganography into the encoding and decoding processes of SPI is proposed. Two types of well‐designed lanthanide luminescent materials are utilized and excited to generate fluorescence images (fluo‐images), which are crucial in this scheme. Various practical experiments using fluo‐images as secret keys demonstrate the robustness, effectiveness, and repeatability of this scheme. Furthermore, multi‐image experiments indicate the potential of this method to increase secret information capacity. Thus, the proposed fluorescence encryption scheme does provide an efficient computational encryption strategy based on lanthanide luminescent materials for information security, which can improve the security of traditional optical encryption and simultaneously enhance the flexibility of SPI computational decryption.
Flame Retardancy via in‐Mould Coating and Durability of Flame Retardants After Mechanical Recycling in all‐polyamide Composites Prepared by In Situ Polymerisation
Authors: Kovács Zsófia , Toldy Andrea
Published: December 2024

Sustainable development requires that the structural materials can be easily recycled. The advantage of all‐polyamide composites (APCs) is that the matrix and the reinforcing material come from the same material family and can be easily mechanically recycled. In the research, polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites by anionic ring‐opening polymerisation are prepared and created a flame retardant coating on their surface by in‐mould coating. The thermal stability of the created flame retarded APCs is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the flammability is tested by UL‐94 test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and mass loss type cone calorimetry (MLC). The coatings reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) by up to 49% and increased the residual mass after combustion. The flame retarded APCs are mechanically recycled with the addition of 50 mass% primary material, and their thermal properties and flammability are investigated. The most effective formulations fully preserved their ability to reduce pHRR, demonstrating the durability of flame retardant properties through multiple life cycles. In the case of the sample containing 3% phosphorus from hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and 4% expandable graphite (EG), the pHRR after recycling is reduced by 35% compared to primary APC without flame retardants.
Coping With Experiences of Sociomoral Violations Through Consumption of Anger‐Eliciting Content
Authors: Munichor Nira , Steinhart Yael
Published: December 2024

We are inundated with daily occurrences of discrimination and racism. Such events violate consumers' core moral values and can lead them to experience negative emotions and feelings of vulnerability. Surprisingly, instead of avoiding content that triggers additional negative feelings, many also actively seek out anger‐eliciting content. Drawing on the idea that anger can fulfill a positive psychic role, we suggest that consuming anger‐eliciting content can serve as a means of coping with sociomoral violations. In six experiments, we show that such violations enhance people's tendency to consume content they expect will make them angry. This effect occurs because anger serves to protect positive self‐perceptions following sociomoral violations; indeed, the effect is mediated by the desire to feel more valuable and attenuated when self‐perceptions are enhanced by alternative means. Our findings shed new light on how individuals might use consumption as a strategy to cope with sociomoral violations.
Maryland facing dire shortages of therapists, counselors, other BH workers
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Maryland will need to attract 30,000 new behavioral health workers to meet unmet needs and replace workers leaving the field, roughly the same number currently employed, according to a new report released last week. The report says that over the next 5 years and based on current trends, 45% of behavioral health professionals working today are expected to retire, leave the state or leave the field or their occupation.
Community crisis prevention programs aid users, peer providers
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Online communities promote social connection and can be used for formal peer support and crisis intervention, however few programs to support members' mental health have been formally evaluated, said authors of a new study published in Psychiatric Services. Researchers presented findings from a mixed‐methods evaluation of the digital peer support intervention delivered in an online gaming community.
Performance Analysis of Radio Frequency/Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System With Fog Conditions Based on NOMA
Authors: Pei Qian , Zhang Yanjun , Lian Wei , Liu Weiyan , Wang Shize
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the performance of cooperative radio frequency/underwater wireless optical communication (RF/UWOC) systems based on a downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where amplify‐and‐forward (AF) protocols are considered. We assume that there is no direct connection between the transmitter and the receiver. The unified PDF for RF/UWOC systems was derived using atmospheric and underwater turbulence with non‐zero average unilateral pointing error under foggy conditions. Based on the analysis results, the expression of outage probability (OP) is obtained. Simulation results show that NOMA can provide fairness, then the increase of the number of channels and the change in turbulence parameters will affect all aspects of system performance.
Design of a Novel 16‐Way Short Pulse Power Divider Based on Transmission Line Transformer
Authors: Shi Yiping , Wang Guangming , Zhang Xingjia , Yi Chaolong , Shi Lei , Zhu Yufeng , Lu Yanlei , Wang Xiangyu , Lei Zhaofei
Published: December 2024

This article presents a 16‐way short pulse power divider (PD) with the same input and output impedance based on the transmission line transformer (TLT) principle. Different from the traditional multi‐channel PD composed of impedance tapered transmission lines and PDs in parallel structure, the novel 16‐way PD is cascaded by multi‐stages of series‐parallel structure, which avoids the process of impedance transformer and improves the compactness of the device, as well as the transmission efficiency. It was composed of four stages of the novel series‐parallel constructure converted from coaxial waveguide to microstrip line. And to control the energy dissipation, a unified ground of the output ports was built, and the short‐ended metal shell was loaded between every stage. This 16‐way PD was fabricated and measured. The measured return loss of the PD is less than −16 dB from 440 MHz to 6 GHz, and less than −10 dB from 270 MHz to 6 GHz. The measured peak gain is more than 0.83 when input by a Gaussian pulse with tFWHM = 250 ps (FWHM: full‐width half maximum).
Interleaved flow‐sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall signals in 3D TSE‐based neuroimaging
Authors: Kong Qingle , Xiao Jiayu , Shiroishi Mark S. , Sheikh‐Bahaei Nasim , Cen Steven Y. , Khatibi Kasra , Mack William J. , Ye Jason C. , Kim Paul E. , Bi Xiaoming , Saloner David , Yang Qi , Chang Eric , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To develop and validate a 3D turbo spin‐echo (TSE)–compatible approach to enhancing black‐blood (BB) effects while preserving T1 weighting and overall SNR.

Methods

Following the excitation RF pulse, a 180° RF pulse sandwiched by a pair of flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) gradient pulses in the phase‐ (y) and partition‐encoding (z) directions, respectively, is added. The polarity of FSD gradients in z direction is toggled every TR, achieving an interleaved FSD (iFSD) configuration in y–z plane. The technique was optimized and evaluated in 18 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with neurovascular disease or brain metastases. Comparisons were made among TSE with and without one of BB preparations: iFSD, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation, and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium.

Results

iFSD–TSE achieved the best blood flow suppression indicated by venous sinus SNR and parenchyma‐to‐sinus contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). iFSD–TSE yielded slightly lower white matter SNR (106.6 ± 32.9) and white‐to‐gray matter CNR (27.3 ± 8.1) compared to TSE (111.4 ± 31.5 and 28.6 ± 8.8), which were significantly higher than those of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation–prepared TSE (84.3 ± 25.0 and 16.8 ± 4.8) and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium–prepared TSE (77.3 ± 26.6 and 15.9 ± 5.3). At the neurovascular wall lesions, iFSD–TSE yielded the highest wall‐to‐lumen CNR among the three sequences with a BB preparation, all of which significantly outperformed TSE. iFSD–TSE effectively suppressed slow‐flow artifacts that otherwise mimicked an atherosclerotic lesion or strongly contrast‐enhancing vessel wall. In diagnosing brain metastases, iFSD allowed for highest inter‐reader agreement (κ 0.75) and shortest reading time.

Conclusion

iFSD is a promising approach compatible with 3D TSE for robust blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall SNR.
Single‐Frequency Birdcage Coils for Deep Tissue Perfluorocarbon Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Mice
Authors: McRae Sean W. , Martinez Francisco M. , Foster Paula J. , Ronald John A. , Scholl Timothy J.
Published: December 2024

Fluorine‐19 (19F) MRI has become an established tool for in vivo cell tracking following ex vivo or in vivo labelling of various cell types with 19F perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Here, we developed and evaluated novel mouse‐specific radiofrequency (RF) hardware for improved dual 1H anatomical imaging and deep tissue 19F MR detection of PFCs. Three linearly polarized birdcage RF coils were constructed—a dual‐frequency 1H/19F coil, and a pair of single‐frequency 1H and 19F coils, designed to be used sequentially. RF coil quality factors (Q values), signal homogeneity and sensitivity were benchmarked against a commercially constructed dual‐frequency 1H/19F surface coil. RF homogeneity was assessed using a phantom designed to mimic PFC localization at depth in a mouse. The single‐frequency birdcage coils (1H and 19F) displayed more uniform coverage and enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) compared to both the birdcage and surface dual‐frequency coils for 19F detection. Bilateral injection of a perfluoropolyether nanoemulsion into the footpads of female athymic nude mice, resulting in drainage to various lymph nodes and subsequent accumulation in lymph node macrophages, provided a platform to assess differences in SNRs and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR) between both coil configurations as a function of depth and location. The single‐frequency 1H coil provided significantly increased CNR in anatomical images (p < 0.001) with increased anatomical coverage compared to the dual‐frequency surface coil. The single‐frequency 19F birdcage coil offered increased PFC detectability with significantly higher SNR in renal, lumbar, sciatic and popliteal lymph nodes (p < 0.01) compared to the dual‐frequency surface coil. Interestingly, the percentage difference between SNR measurements in lymph nodes between the single‐frequency 19F coil and the 1H/19F surface coil had a linear relationship with increasing distance from the surface coil (R2 = 0.6352; p < 0.0001), indicating a potential disagreement for imaging experiments that rely on 19F spin quantification at increasing depth within the mouse using surface RF coils.
A multicenter single‐arm objective performance criteria trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a dedicated venous sinus thrombectomy device for severe cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Yusuying Shadamu , Wu Yan , Li Ming , Duan Jiangang , Chen Jian , Chen Yujiao , Zhou Chen , Bian Hetao , Li Chuanhui , Wu Chuanjie , Meng Ran , Ji Xunming
Published: December 2024

Aim

Approximately 21% of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are refractory to anticoagulation treatment and face poor prognosis. These patients may benefit from endovascular therapy. Although numerous studies have reported promising results with endovascular therapy, it remains challenging to obtain convincing evidence of its efficacy and safety due to the unique challenges posed by CVST, such as larger vessel diameters, distinct pathophysiology, and substantial clot burden. Therefore, dedicated endovascular therapy tools should be developed specifically for CVST. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dedicated venous sinus thrombectomy device in patients with acute or subacute CVST.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, single‐arm trial utilized an objective performance criterion design. Enrolled patients received treatment with a dedicated venous sinus thrombectomy device to recanalize occluded sinuses or veins. The primary objective was to compare the immediate postoperative recanalization rate with a preset target value to determine whether the device met the clinical application needs. The trial plans to enroll 146 patients from 11 tertiary medical centers in China.

Discussion

This trial is expected to fill a critical gap in endovascular treatments for CVST and support the development of reliable, dedicated thrombectomy devices for future studies.
Liver enzyme and risk of vascular dementia: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization of European descent
Authors: Chen Jieyu , Chen Jianzhun , Liang Chunyu , Liu Chenxi , Jie Liu , Liu Bin , Yang Xinglong
Published: December 2024

Background

Observational studies have indicated a link between liver enzymes and dementia, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. We conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate potential causal links between liver function markers (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and γ‐glutamyltransferase [GGT]) and various forms of dementia (all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular dementia [VaD], and frontotemporal dementia [FTD]).

Methods

Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data of liver enzyme levels with 517 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 315,572 individuals of European descent were considered as exposures. Additional GWAS data on dementia from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank were used as outcomes. The causal relationship was evaluated using univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) methods. UVMR approaches such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were used, with IVW as primary. MVMR techniques, such as extended versions of IVW, MR‐Egger, and Q‐minimization methods, were used to assess causal effects. The robustness of the MR analysis findings was verified through heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and leave‐one‐out analyses.

Results

MVMR analysis demonstrated that a genetically determined one standard deviation rise in blood GGT levels was associated with an increased risk of VaD (IVW: odds ratio = 1.007, 95% confidence interval = 1.002–1.011, p = 0.010). These findings remained consistent after adjusting for confounding variables in MVMR analysis. Sensitivity analyses further supported the causal relationship. However, no significant links were observed between ALT, AST, ALP, and all‐cause dementia, VaD, AD, or FTD.

Conclusions

Our study suggests clinical implications, demonstrating that high blood GGT concentrations are potential causal risk factors for VaD in European populations. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms between GGT and VaD and validate the clinical relevance of early prevention and intervention strategies.
Probabilistic Robust Damping Controller Optimization for Mitigating Subsynchronous Control Interaction in DFIG and PMSG‐Based Wind Farms
Authors: Bodapatla Sampath Kumar , Ghodake Sagar M. , Kadam Prakash D. , Bansode Rupali
Published: December 2024

Advanced control and mitigation solutions are required due to the enormous challenges posed by sub‐synchronous control interaction in wind farms. These concerns include system instability, potential damage to turbines, and grid stability issues. This research presents the probabilistic robust damping controller, an adaptive control approach, to address the issues in grid‐connected wind farms. The innovation employs the balanced remora optimization algorithm to optimize controller parameters, ensuring system stability under various conditions. For permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind farms with weak grid circumstances, critical elements such as the DC‐link voltage, the d‐q axis current reference, and the actual values in the grid‐side converter are essential for problem mitigation. The controller generates controlled output using these input signals. The MATLAB‐based implementation demonstrates the controller effectiveness in damping issues within a series‐compensated doubly fed induction generator. Comparative analysis with conventional controllers under different grid conditions and disturbances validates its superior performance. Time‐domain simulations, both with and without time delay, further confirm the controller's ability to enhance system stability and dampen the issues. Four schemes are used to evaluate the doubly fed induction generator‐based wind farms: wind speed at 13 m/s with 75% series compensation, 7 m/s with 75% compensation, 9 m/s with 45% compensation, and 9 m/s with 60% compensation. Under short circuit ratio, the wind farms based on permanent magnet synchronous generators are analyzed in three scenarios: normal, strong, and weak cases.
A Pilot Study of a Novel Dietary Intervention Targeting Ultra‐Processed Food Intake
Authors: Hagerman Charlotte J. , Hong Asher E. , Jennings Emma , Butryn Meghan L.
Published: December 2024

Background

Ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) are harmful to health but ubiquitous in the modern food environment, comprising almost 60% of the average American diet. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel behavioral intervention designed to reduce UPF intake.

Methods

Fourteen adults participated in an 8‐week pilot intervention, which consisted of weekly group sessions, individual meal planning sessions, and financial support. Dietary intake was assessed using three Automated Self‐Administered 24‐h Dietary Recalls (ASA24) at both baseline and post‐treatment.

Results

The intervention was highly feasible and acceptable. Qualitative data demonstrated that participants were enthusiastic about the benefits of reducing UPF intake and found the intervention highly valuable. Participants reduced average daily calories from UPF by 48.9%, number of UPFs consumed by almost half, total daily calorie intake by 612 calories/day, sodium consumption by 37% and sugar consumption by 50%. There were no significant changes in fruit or vegetable intake. Participants lost an average of 3.5 kg (SD = 3.0 kg).

Conclusion

This pilot data suggests that behavioral interventions to reduce UPF intake will be well‐received and are capable of success despite the barriers of the United States food environment. Future research should prioritize behavioral interventions targeting UPF consumption alongside policy changes.
High Performance Antibacterial Structure‐Tuned Hemofiltration Membrane for Facile Permeability of Blood Plasma During Plasmapheresis
Authors: Dehghan Rahim , Barzin Jalal , Kordkatooli Zahra
Published: December 2024

A microfiltration membrane is designed to separate blood cells without altering plasma composition. A vapor‐induced phase separation (VIPS) combined with compositional adjustment is used to create a structure‐tuned hemofiltration membrane. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐K90), polyethylene glycol (PEG400), and either water or chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) solution are employed to regulate membrane structure and provide antibacterial enhancement. The preparation conditions involve a 5‐min VIPS process at moderate temperature and high humidity to craft the desired membrane structure. Morphological studies show that the membranes have an asymmetric sponge‐like structure with controlled surface pore sizes that effectively separate blood cells while enabling plasma passage. Complete blood count (CBC) analysis reveals that MH2 and MH3 membranes exhibit significant potential for blood cell separation, with 78% platelet (PLT) separation, 80% red blood cell (RBC) separation, and over 90% white blood cell (WBC) separation. Biochemical analysis of plasma substances confirms that components such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, high‐density lipoprotein, and low‐density lipoproteins pass through the MH series without significant concentration changes. The outcomes suggest that the MH series offers high blood compatibility as evidenced by coagulation times and hemolysis ratio. In addition, MTT data validates the biocompatibility of the membrane. Biofilm inhibition results and biofouling study confirmed that MH series, especially MH2 and MH3 exhibit superior characteristics and performance for plasmapheresis applications.
Social transfers and poverty alleviation in Taiwan from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Chen Ke‐Mei , Shih Yao‐Chi , Hung Hui‐Fen , Wang Ching‐Yi , Cheng Ching‐Hsia
Published: December 2024

This study explored the effectiveness of government social transfers in alleviating poverty and investigated the profile and reduction of income poverty in Taiwan before and after these transfers by using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) class of poverty measures. Data were obtained from the 2000–2020 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure. Significant progress was made in reducing poverty over the study period. The three FGT poverty measures before and after transfers peaked in 2009 and 2010, respectively, during the global financial crisis. The findings also suggested that poverty varied considerably across the subgroups. Poverty was more prevalent in female‐headed and older adult‐headed households than in male‐headed and younger adult‐headed households before and after transfers. However, the degree of poverty reduction was greater in female‐headed and older adult–headed households, and these households made greater contributions to overall poverty over time. In addition, heterogeneity was identified among the household types, and grandparent, couple, and single‐person households were identified as the most disadvantaged groups. The high number of means‐tested programs suggests piecemeal welfare benefits in Taiwan. The people living in poverty in our study relied considerably on various social transfers. Accordingly, integrated and universal welfare programs should become a key focus of policy.
Computational Insight in the Identification of Non‐Synonymous Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Affecting the Structure and Function of Interleukin‐4
Authors: Roy Pratima , Sharma Siddharth , Baranwal Manoj
Published: December 2024

Background

IL4 is a versatile cytokine essentially known for differentiation, proliferation and cell death in cells. Its dysregulation has been found to be associated with the development of inflammatory disorders.

Objective

The goal of the current investigation is to identify and select non‐synonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the IL‐4 gene by employing computational methods which may have a potential functional impact on the occurrence of disease.

Method and Result

Six different nsSNPs were predicted to be deleterious based on the consensus of different algorithms: SIFT, Polyphen2 (Humdiv and HumVar), PredictSNP and SNP&GO. I‐mutant and MuPro assessment revealed a decrease in the stability of these mutants except K150M. Modelling was then carried out to build the wild type along with its mutants, followed by superimposition of the wild type with mutants to evaluate the RMSD value, which lies between 0.26 and 0.34. Simulation results of mutant models, along with wild type, showed that four of the mutants (N113Y, A118G, R109W and K150M) deviated most and were unstable. A118G showed a significant deviation from the wild type, while V53A and C123R were stable.

Conclusion

The finding establishes the evidence that the identified six nsSNPs of IL‐4 can be the new entrant presenting their candidature for genetic testing.
Transgenic expression of SeCYP9A186 and PxFMO2 confers resistance to emamectin benzoate in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Falong , Chen Shiqi , Shi Yu , Wu Shuwen , Yang Yihua , Wang Xingliang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The overexpression of metabolic enzymes constitutes a crucial mechanism for insects to detoxify xenobiotics and metabolic pesticides. A flavin‐containing monooxygenase gene (PxFMO2) from Plutella xylostella and a P450 gene (SeCYP9A186, F116V mutant allele) from Spodoptera exigua have been reported to be involved in insecticide resistance. In this study, we aim to utilize transgenic technology to validate their in vivo detoxification functions in Plutella xylostella.

RESULTS

We established two transgenic strains of Plutella xylostella with expressing an endogenous PxFMO2 gene from Plutella xylostella and an exogenous SeCYP9A186 gene from S. exigua, respectively. Bioassays demonstrated that the transgenic Plutella xylostella strain (IPP‐FMO2) expressing PxFMO2 exhibited a 12‐fold resistance to emamectin benzoate and a 6.4‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole compared to the background strain (IPP‐S). In contrast, the transgenic Plutella xylostella strain (IPP‐9A186) expressing SeCYP9A186 displayed a 235‐fold resistance to emamectin benzoate and a 115‐fold resistance to abamectin. Moreover, resistance to emamectin benzoate in the IPP‐9A186 strain of Plutella xylostella was inherited as an incompletely dominant trait and was genetically linked to the transgene locus.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results not only elucidated the in vivo contribution of the PxFMO2 and SeCYP9A186 to the insecticide resistance phenotype in Plutella xylostella, but also provided a genetic engineering toolkit to manipulate resistance pathways. These insights and methodologies could further aid in developing sustainable pest management strategies in Plutella xylostella. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope‐guided transesophageal cryobiopsy: A case series with technical insights, key enablers, and review of literature
Authors: Soo Chun Ian , Leong Wai Ling , Ong Diana Bee‐Lan , Looi Lai‐Meng , Sia Leng Cheng , Munusamy Vijayan , Wong Chee Kuan , Huan Nai‐Chien , Ramarmuty Hema Yamini , Ng Khai Lip , Ng Boon Hau , Khairul Annuar Hazwan Amzar , Kho Sze Shyang
Published: December 2024

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is an established technique for lung cancer staging and the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases. Recently, the paradigm of EBUS guided mediastinal sampling with conventional cytology has shifted over to histology specimens through the use of cryobiopsy. This case series explores the novel technique, key enablers, and potential advantages of endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope‐guided transesophageal cryobiopsy (EUS‐B‐TEC). The findings of this case series suggest that EUS‐B‐TEC is a safe and valuable addition to the bronchoscopic procedural armamentarium. Further studies are warranted to validate the potential of EUS‐B‐TEC.
Small cell lung cancer presenting with pleural effusion and superior vena cava obstruction
Authors: Khan Allahdad , Batool Arshia , Ain Qura‐tul , Hashmi Ali Haider , Islam Muhammad , Kamal Aseel
Published: December 2024

Key message

Small cell lung cancer with concurrent pleural effusion and superior vena cava obstruction is a rare presentation with high risk of respiratory and circulatory compromise warranting prompt and multidisciplinary treatment.
A rare case of oropharyngeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Morimoto Toshiki , Yamasaki Kei , Kawamura Yuki , Meguro Maika , Nagasawa Taiga , Fujimoto Satoshi , Hiraga Saki , Tahara Masahiro , Yatera Kazuhiro
Published: December 2024

Key message

Oropharyngeal metastasis from other organs is rare, especially from lung cancer. However, in lung cancer cases, the oropharynx should be considered a potential site for distant spread.
Multiloculated pyopneumothorax with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a tuberculosis patient
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Khan Allahdad , Batool Arshia , Habib Mudasira , Islam Muhammad , Antar Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Key message

Pulmonary tuberculosis with the simultaneous development of the complications of empyema, multiloculated pyopneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum is rare. The development of these complications leads to remarkably increased incidence of morbidity and mortality in patients. So appropriate and timely management needs to be ensured for better outcomes.
Manipulator Trajectory Planning Based on Clustering Curve Discretization and B‐Spline
Authors: Peng Yanhua , Tang Biao , Huang Delong , Wei Yikang
Published: December 2024

In addressing the welding trajectory planning problem for a six‐axis robot under visual guidance, a method based on clustering and isometric image trajectory curve discretization is proposed to enhance welding trajectory precision and improve welding quality. Firstly, the kinematic model of the six‐axis robot is established using the D‐H parameter method. Subsequently, the discrete processing of the welding trajectory map recognized by an industrial camera and chord error calculation are performed. The discrete trajectory is then interpolated using fifth‐order non‐uniform B‐spline interpolation, with welding speed planning based on an S‐shaped speed planner. Finally, the planned trajectory is verified by welding simulation in MATLAB and V‐REP simulation. The simulation results show that the end trajectory of the manipulator is smooth and stable. Compared with the equal arc length discretization method, the discretization accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 19% (plane curve) and 10.7% (space curve), indicating that the proposed discretization method improves the end tracking accuracy of the six‐axis robot.
Interactions Among Text Formats and Reading Processes in Young Learners' L1 Reading Literacy
Authors: Hódi Ágnes , Tóth Edit , Nikolov Marianne
Published: December 2024

Reading literacy is a multidimensional construct in terms of text and reading processes. Much research has examined the divisibility of the processes underlying reading, but they have treated the rest of the construct as unitary. This study extends the examination of dimensionality to a neglected area in literacy studies. It tests reading models by integrating text formats (continuous, mixed, and non‐continuous) and cognitive processes involved in reading (information retrieval, interpretation, and reflection) and their interaction in a large dataset. The study aims to complement the results of previous research by analyzing how cognitive aspects function in the meaning‐making process in various text formats. Representative samples (N = 3229) of young Hungarian L1 learners participated in the study. Data obtained from a longitudinal study in grade 2 and grade 4 is used to test the underlying measurement model of reading literacy and to explore the issue of the dimensionality of reading processes along three different text formats. Findings suggest that students' reading development trajectory and rate differs when it comes to reading texts with different formats. Text formats affect reading subskills significantly but the interaction between text and reading processes changes over time. Results provide a clearer understanding of the text format achievement gap. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Learning to Read and Developmental Dyslexia in Hebrew
Authors: Shechter Adi , Share David L.
Published: December 2024

The study of Hebrew, a non‐European language written in a non‐alphabetic (abjadic) script offers valuable insights into the science of reading beyond the well‐studied alphabetic scripts. Because reading development in Hebrew is shaped by the uniquely Semitic root‐and‐pattern morphology and the abjadic (predominantly consonantal) orthography, our review begins by providing some basic information about the Hebrew language and its writing system. We then outline the developmental phases through which the developing Hebrew reader progresses, as proposed in Share and Bar‐On's Triplex Model, and the central role of phonological and morphological awareness. Finally, we review the research literature on developmental dyslexia in Hebrew within the context of current theories on the underlying perceptual/neurobiological basis of dyslexia (e.g., temporal processing, magnocellular deficits, visual attention span etc.). Here, we draw attention to the problems of comorbidity and the need to go beyond the conventional “whole‐group” approach and address the issue of heterogeneity and subtypes.
Is Sustainable Innovation an Impetus to Sustainable Development Goals? Evidence From the EU
Authors: Khan Khalid , Khurshid Adnan , Su Chi Wei
Published: December 2024

Innovations in environmental technology are essential to address sustainability challenges. This study examines the sustainable development goals (SDGs) relationship with environmental technological innovation (ETI) in EU countries during 2000–2022, using a panel bootstrap causality approach. The result indicates bidirectional causality between SDGs and ETI. Furthermore, the findings indicate that SDGs have a causal impact on ETI in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Similarly, ETI has a significant influence on SDGs in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. However, the remaining countries have no causal relationship between SDGs and ETI. The robust results further validate and confirm the reliability of the main findings, supporting the theoretical framework. Policymakers should incorporate the principles of SDGs into national innovation programs, providing targeted financing, incentives, and regulatory frameworks to support initiatives that align with SDGs.
Strategy and Performance of Family Businesses: Comparison of Pakistan and the Czech Republic
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Kamal , Mikušová Marie
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we observe how effective the use of strategies is in relation to the objectives of family businesses. Data collected in spring 2024 by interviews were processed using DEA. Respondents were owners of small family businesses; 169 valid responses were obtained from each country. The assessment reflected the differences between the countries. For Pakistani companies, the human resources management strategy and the growth and expansion strategy were found to be the most valuable and yielded high production. The most frequent outputs were the relationship between the family and their business, as well as family beliefs and religion. In the case of the Czech owner, there is only a strategy of competitiveness that provides equal output. The results here were related to economic performance. An innovative approach is the use of the DEA method, which sets the production‐possibility frontier and thus determines which strategies are currently inefficient.
3‐Chloro‐1,2‐Propanediol Exposure Induces Cardiotoxicity and Behavioural Abnormalities in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Qiang , Hu Weitao , Ye Zhijun , Zhang Li , Wang Zhipeng , Liu Jiejun , Huang Ling , Liu Fasheng , Liao Xinjun , Xiao Juhua , Zhang Shouhua , Cao Zigang
Published: December 2024

Numerous contemporary diseases are linked to food contamination. Pathogenic agents might stem from certain food ingredients or result from pollution stemming from food processing or packaging. One such contaminant is 3‐Chloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD), it has been previously reported to be produced during the preparation of chemical sauces, as well as during the heating of baked goods. Yet, uncertainty surrounds its potential to induce embryonic developmental toxicity. In this study, zebrafish were employed as the focal point to assess the impact of 3‐MCPD on initial embryonic development, heart functionality, and behavior. The research unveiled that exposure of zebrafish embryos to 18, 36, and 54 mM 3‐MCPD led to cardiac anomalies, including pericardial edema, reduced heart rate, and elongated SV‐BA distance. Additionally, 3‐MCPD exposure triggered aberrations in cardiac‐related gene expression and an elevation in oxidative stress. Notably, behavioral changes were observed in 3‐MCPD‐exposed zebrafish embryos, while vascular development appeared unaffected. This study introduces a novel basis for comprehensive exploration of 3‐MCPD toxicity.
Serum Neutrophil Biomarkers to Predict Crohn's Disease Progression and Infliximab Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Magalhaes D. , Santiago M. , Patita M. , Arroja B. , Lago P. , Rosa I. , Sousa H. T. , Ministro P. , Mocanu I. , Vieira A. , Castela J. , Moleiro J. , Roseira J. , Eugenia C. , Sousa P. , Portela F. , Correia L. , Dias S. , Afonso J. , Danese S. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Dias C. C. , Magro F. ,   GEDII
Published: December 2024

Background and aims

Predicting the treatment outcomes of biological therapies is an unmet need in Crohn's Disease. In this study, we explored the potential of serum neutrophil‐related biomarkers to predict infliximab therapeutic results and disease progression in Crohn's Disease patients, over a 2‐year period, in a real‐world setting.

Methods

The study included 100 asymptomatic Crohn's Disease patients in the IFX maintenance phase from the prospective, observational, multicenter DIRECT study. Patients were categorized according to a composite outcome reflecting progression that included surgery, hospitalizations, new fistulae, abscess or stricture, and drug treatment escalation. Serum neutrophil elastase, lipocalin‐2, lactoferrin, and resistin (non‐neutrophil control) were analyzed via multiplex magnetic bead assays at multiple touchpoints. Fecal calprotectin was assessed by ELISA.

Results

Over up to 2 years of follow‐up, serum biomarkers did not differentiate between the composite outcome groups, whereas fecal calprotectin was significantly higher in patients with worse outcomes. During the infliximab maintenance phase, there was a significant, sustained reduction of neutrophil elastase (p < 0.001), lipocalin‐2 (p < 0.001), and lactoferrin (p < 0.001), but not of resistin, despite stable neutrophil levels. Correlations between NE and NGAL levels were strong (Pearson correlations 0.75–0.85); all other correlations were of small magnitude.

Conclusion

Our real‐world data do not support using serum neutrophil elastase, lipocalin‐2, or lactoferrin concentrations as predictors of treatment outcomes or disease evolution in infliximab ‐treated Crohn's Disease patients. On the other hand, the sustained decrease in biomarkers over time suggests that neutrophil stabilization might be an additional infliximab mechanism of action.