bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informal Supporters of Elder Abuse Victims: Who Are They and What Is Their Experience Seeking Help?
Authors: Fraga Dominguez Silvia , Storey Jennifer E. , Glorney Emily
Published: December 2021

This study examined the characteristics and experiences of informal supporters of elder abuse victims, including family members, friends, and neighbors—referred to as concerned persons. The researchers utilized secondary data from a UK national elder abuse helpline to investigate the profile and help-seeking experiences (including the impact of helping) of concerned persons reporting abuse to the helpline. The researchers focused on one year of data (2017–2018), and 1623 records met inclusion criteria. Of these, 1352 were reported by a concerned person, and descriptive statistics are provided to describe this sample. The help-seeking experience was investigated using qualitative content analysis. Concerned persons were primarily female family members, often adult children of the victim and siblings of the perpetrator. They faced barriers to helping the victim, particularly in relation to formal services. Many also reported impact as a result of knowing about the abuse or helping the victim; particularly to their mental health and their relationship with the victim. Findings indicate that concerned persons often face substantial barriers and negative impact when they support elder abuse victims. There is a need to advance research on concerned persons and identify ways of effectively supporting them, given their essential role in facilitating elder abuse victims’ access to formal services.
Work Ability After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Followed by a Structured Postoperative Rehabilitation: Secondary Outcomes of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Multi-Centre Trial with a 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Peolsson Anneli , Wibault Johanna , Löfgren Håkan , Dedering Åsa , Öberg Birgitta , Zsigmond Peter , Wåhlin Charlotte
Published: December 2021

Purpose Information on work ability after ACDF and postoperative rehabilitation is lacking. The aim of the present study is therefore to investigate the work ability benefits of a structured postoperative treatment (SPT) over a standard care approach (SA) in patients who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for cervical radiculopathy and factors important to the 2-year outcome. Methods Secondary outcome and prediction model of a prospective randomized controlled multi-centre study with a 2-year follow-up (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01547611). The Work Ability Index (WAI) and Work Ability Score (WAS) were measured at baseline and up to 2 years after ACDF in 154 patients of working age who underwent SPT or SA after surgery. Predictive factors for the WAI at 2 years were analysed. Results Both WAI and WAS significantly improved with SPT and SA (p < 0.001), without any between-group differences. Thoughts of being able to work within the next 6 months, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and work-related neck load explained 59% of the variance in WAI at the 2-year follow-up after ACDF. Conclusions Patients improved over time without group differences, suggesting the improvement to be surgery related. Expectation to work within the next 6 months, self-reported neck functioning and work-related neck load were important to work ability and are central factors to ask early after ACDF, to identifying further interventions promoting return to work.
Prediction of thermodynamic properties: centerpiece approach—how do we avoid confusion and get reliable results?
Authors: Verevkin Sergey P. , Andreeva Irina V. , Zherikova Kseniya V. , Pimerzin Aleksey A.
Published: December 2021

The absolute vapor pressures of three amino-alcohols were measured using the transpiration method. The consistent set of standard molar enthalpies of vaporization for eighteen amino-alcohols was evaluated using empirical and structure–property correlations. The averaged values of vaporization enthalpies were recommended as reliable benchmark properties for the heat management of CO2 capture technologies. Centerpiece approach based on the group-additivity principles was developed toward amino-alcohols.

Graphic abstract
Application of calorimetry and other thermal methods in the studies of granulated blast furnace slag from the old storage yards as supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Nocuń-Wczelik W. , Pacierpnik W. , Kapeluszna E.
Published: December 2021

The calorimetric and DTA/TG measurements were applied in testing the effect of granulated blast furnace slag originated from the storage yards of different age, added as a supplementary cementing material to the Portland cement clinker. The studies were performed with aim to evaluate the kinetics of cement hydration and the modification of hydrated paste composition in the presence of additive. The material after 20-year storage, the crushed slag after approximately 2-years storage and the new slag from the current production in the metallurgical plant were used. The slag percentage was 5 ÷ 50%. The addition of granulated blast furnace slag stored for a long time affects the standard properties of cement reducing the compressive strength at longer maturing and with the percentage of additive. This is related mainly to the reduction in the vitreous component. However, at the additive content up to 50% the binder complying with the requirements of the relevant European standards for common cements could be produced. Basing on the results of TG measurements the role of calcium carbonate, being the product resulting from the slag weathering process, acting as a grindability and setting/hardening modifying agent, was highlighted.
Standard-relevant publications: evidence, processes and influencing factors
Authors: Blind Knut , Fenton Alex
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces the concept of standard-relevant publications, complementary to standard-essential patents and framed by the concept of knowledge utilization. By analyzing the reference lists of the around 20,000 standards released by ISO, authors of scientific papers cited in standards who are working at German institutions were identified. The institutions include universities, independent research societies, ministerial research institutes and companies. Almost thirty interviews were conducted with the most-cited of these authors. The interviews addressed the processes by which scientific publications come to be referenced in standards, and the motivations, the barriers and the effects of this. The findings demonstrate opportunities for and challenges to establishing standard-relevant publications as a new performance indicator for researchers, funding agencies, standard-setting organizations and ultimately regulators.
Application of the nonlinear optimisation in regional gravity field modelling using spherical radial base functions
Authors: Mahbuby Hany , Amerian Yazdan , Nikoofard Amirhossein , Eshagh Mehdi
Published: December 2021

The gravity field is a signature of the mass distribution and interior structure of the Earth, in addition to all its geodetic applications especially geoid determination and vertical datum unification. Determination of a regional gravity field model is an important subject and needs to be investigated and developed. Here, the spherical radial basis functions (SBFs) are applied in two scenarios for this purpose: interpolating the gravity anomalies and solving the fundamental equation of physical geodesy for geoid or disturbing potential determination, which has the possibility of being verified by the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/levelling data. Proper selections of the number of SBFs and optimal location of the applied SBFs are important factors to increase the accuracy of estimation. In this study, the gravity anomaly interpolation based on the SBFs is performed by Gauss-Newton optimisation with truncated singular value decomposition, and a Quasi-Newton method based on line search to solve the minimisation problems with a small number of iterations is developed. In order to solve the fundamental equation of physical geodesy by the SBFs, the truncated Newton optimisation is applied as the Hessian matrix of the objective function is not always positive definite. These two scenarios are applied on the terrestrial free-air gravity anomalies over the topographically rough area of Auvergne. The obtained accuracy for the interpolated gravity anomaly model is 1.7 mGal with the number of point-masses about 30% of the number of observations, and 1.5 mGal in the second scenario where the number of used kernels is also 30%. These accuracies are root mean square errors (RMSE) of the differences between predicted and observed gravity anomalies at check points. Moreover, utilising the optimal constructed model from the second scenario, the RMSE of 9 cm is achieved for the differences between the gravimetric height anomalies derived from the model and the geometric height anomalies from GNSS/levelling points.
Neurostimulation Treatment in Chronic Cluster Headache—a Narrative Review
Authors: Evers Stefan , Summ Oliver
Published: December 2021

Purpose of Review

In this narrative review, the current literature on neurostimulation methods in the treatment of chronic cluster headache is evaluated. These neurostimulation methods include deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, greater occipital nerve stimulation, sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, supraorbital nerve stimulation, and cervical spinal cord stimulation.

Recent Findings

Altogether, only nVNS and SPG stimulation are supported by at least one positive sham-controlled clinical trial for preventive and acute attack (only SPG stimulation) treatment. Other clinical trials either did not control at all or controlled by differences in the stimulation technique itself but not by a sham-control. Case series report higher responder rates.

The evidence for these neurostimulation methods in the treatment of chronic cluster headache is poor and in part contradictive. However, except deep brain stimulation, tolerability and safety of these methods are good so that in refractory situations application might be justified in individual cases.
Advance artificial time series forecasting model for oil production using neuro fuzzy-based slime mould algorithm
Authors: AlRassas Ayman Mutahar , Al-qaness Mohammed A. A. , Ewees Ahmed A. , Ren Shaoran , Sun Renyuan , Pan Lin , Abd Elaziz Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Oil production forecasting is an important task to manage petroleum reservoirs operations. In this study, a developed time series forecasting model is proposed for oil production using a new improved version of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This model is improved by using an optimization algorithm, the slime mould algorithm (SMA). The SMA is a new algorithm that is applied for solving different optimization tasks. However, its search mechanism suffers from some limitations, for example, trapping at local optima. Thus, we modify the SMA using an intelligence search technique called opposition-based learning (OLB). The developed model, ANFIS-SMAOLB, is evaluated with different real-world oil production data collected from two oilfields in two different countries, Masila oilfield (Yemen) and Tahe oilfield (China). Furthermore, the evaluation of this model is considered with extensive comparisons to several methods, using several evaluation measures. The outcomes assessed the high ability of the developed ANFIS-SMAOLB as an efficient time series forecasting model that showed significant performance.
Matrix metalloproteinase 12 is an independent prognostic factor predicting postoperative relapse of conventional renal cell carcinoma - a short report
Authors: Beres Bence , Yusenko Maria , Peterfi Lehel , Kovacs Gyula , Banyai Daniel
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Approximately 15% of clinically localised conventional renal cell carcinomas (cRCC) develop metastases within 5 years of follow-up. Sarcomatous cRCC is a highly malignant cancer of the kidney. The aim of our study was to identify biomarkers for estimating the postoperative progression of cRCCs.

Methods

Global microarray-based gene expression analysis of RCCs with and without sarcomatous changes revealed that a high MMP12 expression was associated with a sarcomatous histology. Additionally, we analysed MMP12 expression using a multi-tissue array comprising 736 cRCC patients without metastasis at the time of surgery. The median follow-up time was 66 ± 29 months.

Results

Immunohistochemistry revealed MMP12 expression in 187 of 736 cRCCs with good follow-up data. Subsequent Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with MMP12 positive tumours exhibited a significantly shorter tumour-free survival (p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis a weak to strong MMP12 expression indicated a 2.4–2.8 times higher risk of postoperative tumour relapse (p < 0.001;p < 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

MMP12 may serve as a biomarker to estimate postoperative cRCC relapse and as a possible target for penfluridol therapy.
Undrained shear strength of Lisbon Miocene clay: a reappraisal based on triaxial and pressuremeter test results
Authors: Lopes Laranjo Mafalda , Matos Fernandes Manuel
Published: December 2021

Undrained shear strength plays a fundamental role on the behaviour of clays. In overconsolidated clays, this parameter is largely influenced by test conditions, namely consolidation stress. “Prazeres Clay” is a Miocene overconsolidated formation, that can be found in a significant part of Lisbon area. Over the last decades a number of very relevant constructions have generated a large database for physical and mechanical properties of Miocene clays. Included in a broader study at the Faculty of Engineering of Porto University about Miocene clay’s physical and mechanical properties, existing data was gathered, treated and critically analysed, in order to establish a useful framework for geotechnical designers. This paper presents the results obtained for undrained shear strength, obtained from triaxial tests and Ménard Pressuremeter tests. It addresses the main difficulties associated with test’s interpretation and presents a discussion on how theoretical values relate to experimental ones. The paper proposes a range of variation for Prazeres Clay’ undrained shear strength based on a significant amount of test results, that is considered to be useful for geotechnical design.

Article Highlights

Undrained Shear strength is a relevant parameter for clays, and is usually derived from triaxial tests

For overconsolidated clays, this parameter is highly dependent on preconsolidation stress, and on its relation to in situ stress.

Based on a significant set of data, the paper presents a simple methodology for estimating this parameter
Regimes of cosmic-ray diffusion in Galactic turbulence
Authors: Reichherzer P. , Merten L. , Dörner J. , Becker Tjus J. , Pueschel M. J. , Zweibel E. G.
Published: December 2021

Cosmic-ray transport in astrophysical environments is often dominated by the diffusion of particles in a magnetic field composed of both a turbulent and a mean component. This process, which is two-fold turbulent mixing in that the particle motion is stochastic with respect to the field lines, needs to be understood in order to properly model cosmic-ray signatures. One of the most important aspects in the modeling of cosmic-ray diffusion is that fully resonant scattering, the most effective such process, is only possible if the wave spectrum covers the entire range of propagation angles. By taking the wave spectrum boundaries into account, we quantify cosmic-ray diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the guide field direction at turbulence levels above 5% of the total magnetic field. We apply our results of the parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficient to the Milky Way. We show that simple purely diffusive transport is in conflict with observations of the inner Galaxy, but that just by taking a Galactic wind into account, data can be matched in the central 5 kpc zone. Further comparison shows that the outer Galaxy at $$>5$$

>
5

 kpc, on the other hand, should be dominated by perpendicular diffusion, likely changing to parallel diffusion at the outermost radii of the Milky Way.
Utilization of adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system and functional network in prediction of total organic carbon content
Authors: Siddig Osama , Gamal Hany , Soupios Pantelis , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the application of two artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in the prediction of total organic carbon content (TOC) in Devonian Duvernay shale. To develop and test the models, around 1250 data points from three wells were used. Each point comprises TOC value with corresponding spectral and conventional well logs. The tested AI techniques are adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) and functional network (FN) which their predictions are compared to existing empirical correlations. Out of these two methods, ANFIS yielded the best outcomes with 0.98, 0.90, and 0.95 correlation coefficients (R) in training, testing, and validation respectively, and the average errors ranged between 7 and 18%. In contrast, the empirical correlations resulted in R values less than 0.85 and average errors greater than 20%. Out of eight inputs, gamma ray was found to have the most significant impact on TOC prediction. In comparison to the experimental procedures, AI-based models produces continuous TOC profiles with good prediction accuracy. The intelligent models are developed from preexisting data which saves time and costs.

Article highlights

In contrast to existing empirical correlation, the AI-based models yielded more accurate TOC predictions.

Out of the two AI methods used in this article, ANFIS generated the best estimations in all datasets that have been tested.

The reported outcomes show the reliability of the presented models to determine TOC for Devonian shale.
On the application of the Two-Factor Theory to online employer reviews
Authors: Koncar Philipp , Santos Tiago , Strohmaier Markus , Helic Denis
Published: December 2021

Monitoring hygiene and motivation factors from Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is a popular way of understanding the influential aspects for employee satisfaction and motivation. The increased availability of employee feedback comprised in online employer reviews yields a promising data source to learn more about these influential factors and the theory itself. However, the application of the Two-Factor Theory to such reviews is yet missing. Thus, this article demonstrates how to apply this theory to more than 2 million online employer reviews. For that, review aspects as well as review ratings are leveraged to study factors that influence employee satisfaction with respect to the theory. Based on the gained insights, a prediction experiment is conducted to forecast employee satisfaction through the textual content of reviews. The presented approach identifies relevant aspects for satisfied and dissatisfied employees working in 43 different industries and 4 different countries. Overall, the results indicate that hygiene factors are most relevant for reviewers, while motivation factors are rather incidental. The prediction experiment achieves a mean balanced accuracy of 0.87, suggesting that review text is predictive for employee satisfaction. Further, the article adds useful input to the discussion of the Two-Factor Theory by providing comparative results across a plethora of different employers, industries and countries.
Essays on Ancient Greek Literature and Culture
Authors: Bowie Ewen
Published: December 2021

In this book one of the world's leading Hellenists brings together his many contributions over four decades to our understanding of early Greek literature, above all of elegiac poetry and its relation to fifth-century prose historiography, but also of early Greek epic, iambic, melic and epigrammatic poetry. Many chapters have become seminal, e.g. that which first proposed the importance of now-lost long narrative elegies, and others exploring their performance contexts when papyri published in 1992 and 2005 yielded fragments of such long poems by Simonides and Archilochus. Another chapter argues against the widespread view that Sappho composed and performed chiefly for audiences of young girls, suggesting instead that she was a virtuoso singer and lyre-player, entertaining men in the elite symposia whose verbal and musical components are explored in several other chapters of the book. Two more volumes of collected papers will follow devoted to later Greek literature and culture.
We God's People
Authors: Cesari Jocelyne
Published: December 2021

Cesari argues that both religious and national communities are defined by the three Bs: belief, behaviour and belonging. By focusing on the ways in which these three Bs intersect, overlap or clash, she identifies the patterns of the politicization of religion, and vice versa, in any given context. Her approach has four advantages: firstly, it combines an exploration of institutional and ideational changes across time, which are usually separated by disciplinary boundaries. Secondly, it illustrates the heuristic value of combining qualitative and quantitative methods by statistically testing the validity of the patterns identified in the qualitative historical phase of the research. Thirdly, it avoids reducing religion to beliefs by investigating the significance of the institution-ideas connections, and fourthly, it broadens the political approach beyond state-religion relations to take into account actions and ideas conveyed in other arenas such as education, welfare, and culture.
Viral Shakespeare
Authors: Aebischer Pascale
Published: December 2021

This Element offers a first-person phenomenological history of watching productions of Shakespeare during the pandemic year of 2020. The first section of the Element explores how Shakespeare 'went viral' during the first lockdown of 2020 and considers how the archival recordings of Shakespeare productions made freely available by theatres across Europe and North America impacted on modes of spectatorship and viewing practices, with a particular focus on the effect of binge-watching Hamlet in lockdown. The Element's second section documents two made-for-digital productions of Shakespeare by Oxford-based Creation Theatre and Northern Irish Big Telly, two companies who became leaders in digital theatre during the pandemic. It investigates how their productions of The Tempest and Macbeth modelled new platform-specific ways of engaging with audiences and creating communities of viewing at a time when, in the UK, government policies were excluding most non-building-based theatre companies and freelancers from pandemic relief packages.
Faults in Oceanic Crust Contribute to Slow Seismic Waves
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: December 2021

New high-sampling rate measurements of fluid pressures in oceanic crust reveal unresolved fractures and pathways for fluid flow.
Multi‐Point Observations of Modulated Whistler‐Mode Waves and Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Qin Murong , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Woodger Leslie , Millan Robyn , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Capannolo Luisa
Published: December 2021

In this study, we present simultaneous multi‐point observations of whistler‐mode waves detected by RBSP‐B, associated with conjugate electron precipitation observed through enhanced BARREL X‐rays at L ∼ 6 from noon to dusk. Both long period modulation at periods of several to tens of minutes and short period modulation at about tens of seconds are observed in X‐ray measurements. Similar periodicities are also observed for whistler‐mode wave amplitude. We show that the correlation coefficient between whistler‐mode waves and electron precipitation is high in several regions, including plumes and plasma trough. Ultra‐low‐frequency waves (8–30 mHz), which have been suggested to play a potential role in precipitating electrons by modulating whistler‐mode wave intensity or loss cone size, show a weak correlation with whistler‐mode wave amplitudes and the X‐ray counts during the conjunction. We further evaluate whistler‐mode wave driven electron precipitation using a physics‐based technique. The time evolution of the modeled electron precipitation is found to be remarkably consistent with the modulation in the BARREL X‐ray counts both in plumes and plasma trough. By taking advantage of the high‐resolution wave data and close conjunction, we provide strong evidence that whistler‐mode waves are not only directly responsible for the longer modulation (several to tens of minutes), but also the shorter modulation (tens of seconds) of the electron precipitation.
Bayesian Modeling of the Equation of State for Liquid Iron in Earth's Outer Core
Authors: Matsumura T. , Kuwayama Y. , Ueki K. , Kuwatani T. , Ando Y. , Nagata K. , Ito S. , Nagao H.
Published: December 2021

We use Bayesian modeling of the equation of state (EoS) to constrain the density (ρ) and P wave velocity (VP) of liquid iron under conditions of Earth's outer core. Experiments at such high pressures (P) and temperatures (T) are technically challenging, so there are few data available to use in parameter optimization of the EoS. Our Bayesian inference modeling successfully estimates the posterior probability distribution of the parameters and unobserved data by using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. These posterior probability distributions allow calculation of P‐ρ and P‐VP profiles of liquid iron along the adiabatic P‐T profile together with the associated credible intervals. Assuming that the temperature at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) is 3,500–4,200 K, the P‐ρ and P‐VP profiles show deviations of ρ and VP from the preliminary reference Earth model of about 8–11% and −3% to −5%, respectively. Deviations of the 95% credible intervals of the P‐ρ profile for the CMB and the inner core boundary are 6.9–9.7% and 6.5–9.8%, respectively. Equivalent deviations of the P‐VP profile are −4.8% to −1.5% and −6.0% to −2.3%, respectively. Bayesian modeling of the EoS enables integration of small data sets that include unobserved data and evaluation of uncertainty ranges of physical properties, such as ρ and VP, which are essential for comparison with seismological properties of the core.
Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements
Authors: Hughes Joseph , Mcgranaghan Ryan , Kellerman Adam C. , Bortnik Jacob , Arrit Robert F. , Venkataramani Karthik , Perry Charles H. , McCormick Jackson , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Cohen Morris
Published: December 2021

The growing depth and breadth of data spanning the solar‐terrestrial environment requires new ways of representing and analyzing the available information. This paper applies one such new data representation—network analysis—to the study of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in electric power lines. This work uses newly available electric current data collected by power utilities through the the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) SUNBURST project and magnetometer data from the Super Magnetometer Initiative. The magnetometer data are analyzed using wavelet analysis. This new analysis method shows deviations to be more likely for equatorial stations close to water, which may be caused by the coast effect. The deviation likelihood is a complex function of latitude and magnetic local time. The GIC data are analyzed using “Quiet Day Curves” (QDCs) which help isolate geomagnetic disturbances. We find that current deviations are more common in the early morning sector, but this trend differs from station to station. These current and magnetometer data are represented in a network as nodes which are connected when both the current and magnetic measurements have a statistically significant deviation from their baseline behavior. This network is used to study the link between space weather and GICs. To do this, times when a current deviation exists are compared to times when magnetic deviations exist for each magnetometer ‐ current sensor pair. Current deviations are, on average, 1.83 times more likely when there are magnetic deviations. However, some magnetometer deviations are more indicative than others, with the strongest probability multipliers reaching 3.
Carbon assimilating fungi from surface ocean to subseafloor revealed by coupled phylogenetic and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Orsi William D , Vuillemin Aurèle , Coskun Ömer K , Rodriguez Paula , Oertel Yanik , Niggemann Jutta , Mohrholz Volker , Gomez-Saez Gonzalo V
Published: December 2021

Fungi are ubiquitous in the ocean and hypothesized to be important members of marine ecosystems, but their roles in the marine carbon cycle are poorly understood. Here, we use 13C DNA stable isotope probing coupled with phylogenetic analyses to investigate carbon assimilation within diverse communities of planktonic and benthic fungi in the Benguela Upwelling System (Namibia). Across the redox stratified water column and in the underlying sediments, assimilation of 13C-labeled carbon from diatom extracellular polymeric substances (13C-dEPS) by fungi correlated with the expression of fungal genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of genes from 13C-labeled metagenomes revealed saprotrophic lineages related to the facultative yeast Malassezia were the main fungal foragers of pelagic dEPS. In contrast, fungi living in the underlying sulfidic sediments assimilated more 13C-labeled carbon from chemosynthetic bacteria compared to dEPS. This coincided with a unique seafloor fungal community and dissolved organic matter composition compared to the water column, and a 100-fold increased fungal abundance within the subseafloor sulfide-nitrate transition zone. The subseafloor fungi feeding on 13C-labeled chemolithoautotrophs under anoxic conditions were affiliated with Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota that encode cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes, revealing polysaccharide and protein-degrading fungi that can anaerobically decompose chemosynthetic necromass. These subseafloor fungi, therefore, appear to be specialized in organic matter that is produced in the sediments. Our findings reveal that the phylogenetic diversity of fungi across redox stratified marine ecosystems translates into functionally relevant mechanisms helping to structure carbon flow from primary producers in marine microbiomes from the surface ocean to the subseafloor.
Rho-GEF Trio regulates osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through Rac1 and RhoA
Authors: Wang Junyi , Yuan Lichan , Xu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhongyin , Ma Yuhuan , Hong Leilei , Ma Junqing
Published: December 2021

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor. Its high mortality rate and metastasis rate seriously threaten human health. Currently, the treatment has reached a plateau, hence we urgently need to explore new therapeutic directions. In this paper, we found that Trio was highly expressed in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Trio inhibited osteosarcoma cells’ osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo. Given Trio contains two GEF domains, which have been reported as the regulators of RhoGTPases, we further discovered that Trio could regulate osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through activating RhoGTPases. In summary, all our preliminary results showed that Trio could be a potential target and prognostic marker of osteosarcoma.
Loss of TACC1 variant25 inducing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma
Authors: Xu Pan , Zhao Ran , Zhang Chen-Yang , Zhang Qian-Qian , Wang Yong , Zhu Jun , Jiang Wei-Wen
Published: December 2021

Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein1 (TACC1) is closely related to transcription, translation and centrosome dynamics. Dysregulation of TACC1 is associated with multiple malignancies. Alternative splicing (AS) of TACC1 produces multiple variants, which are of great significance in cancer biology. However, the expression and biological functions of TACC1 variants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that TACC1 variants exhibited a characteristic expression pattern and that TACC1 variant25 (TACC1v25) was downregulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TACC1v25 in Cal27 and Fadu cells significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted autophagy. Moreover, expression levels of nuclear pERK and p-mTOR were significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased in TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells. After the addition of AKT activator SC79 to TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells, the autophagy levels were remarkably rescued. In conclusion, TACC1v25 inhibits HNSCC progression through the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways by inhibiting proliferation and increasing autophagy. TACC1v25 might have potential use as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC.
Hypoxia-induced Fascin-1 upregulation is regulated by Akt/Rac1 axis and enhances malignant properties of liver cancer cells via mediating actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and Hippo/YAP activation
Authors: Pu Jian , Huang Youguan , Fang Quan , Wang Jianchu , Li Wenchuan , Xu Zuoming , Wu Xianjian , Lu Yuan , Wei Huamei
Published: December 2021

In solid tumors, hypoxia facilitates malignant progression of cancer cells by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, takes part in the formation of many actin-based cellular structures. In the present study, we explored the potential functions of hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 in liver cancer. Transcriptome RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify hypoxia-related genes. The potential functions of Fascin-1 were evaluated by western blot, transwell migration and invasion assays, sphere-formation assay, tumor xenograft growth, gelatin zymography analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability assay, soft agar assay, and flow cytometry. We found that Fascin-1 was upregulated by hypoxia in liver cancer cell lines, elevated in liver cancer patients and correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of Fascin-1 suppressed migration, invasion, EMT, stemness, and tumor xenograft growth of liver cancer cells under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, while forced Fascin-1 expression showed opposite effects. Moreover, hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 was regulated by the Akt/Rac1 signaling, and inhibition of Akt/Rac1 signaling by EHop-016 and MK-2206 restrained migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, Fascin-1 knockdown suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, impaired actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, inactivated Hippo/YAP signaling, and increased Sorafenib sensitivity in liver cancer cells. Our study provided a novel insight of Fascin-1 in regulating migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
The polar night shift: seasonal dynamics and drivers of Arctic Ocean microbiomes revealed by autonomous sampling
Authors: Wietz Matthias , Bienhold Christina , Metfies Katja , Torres-Valdés Sinhué , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Salter Ian , Boetius Antje
Published: December 2021

The Arctic Ocean features extreme seasonal differences in daylight, temperature, ice cover, and mixed layer depth. However, the diversity and ecology of microbes across these contrasting environmental conditions remain enigmatic. Here, using autonomous samplers and sensors deployed at two mooring sites, we portray an annual cycle of microbial diversity, nutrient concentrations and physical oceanography in the major hydrographic regimes of the Fram Strait. The ice-free West Spitsbergen Current displayed a marked separation into a productive summer (dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria) and regenerative winter state (dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria, and archaea). The autumn post-bloom with maximal nutrient depletion featured Coscinodiscophyceae, Rhodobacteraceae (e.g. Amylibacter) and the SAR116 clade. Winter replenishment of nitrate, silicate and phosphate, linked to vertical mixing and a unique microbiome that included Magnetospiraceae and Dadabacteriales, fueled the following phytoplankton bloom. The spring-summer succession of Phaeocystis, Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Aurantivirga, Formosa, Polaribacter and NS lineages, indicating metabolic relationships. In the East Greenland Current, deeper sampling depth, ice cover and polar water masses concurred with weaker seasonality and a stronger heterotrophic signature. The ice-related winter microbiome comprised Bacillaria, Naviculales, Polarella, Chrysophyceae and Flavobacterium ASVs. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while others such as Phaeocystis increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters microbiome structure and eventually the biological carbon pump. These insights promote the understanding of microbial seasonality and polar night ecology in the Arctic Ocean, a region severely affected by climate change.
A colorimetric sensor array for rapid discrimination of edible oil species based on a halogen ion exchange reaction between CsPbBr3 and iodide
Authors: Zhang Xin , Feng Xiaowei , Zhou Leon Lee , Liu Bin , Chen Zhengbo , Zuo Xia
Published: December 2021

Halogen exchange of iodides with CsPbBr3 NCs generates CsPbI3, which differs in its content and directly causes different photoluminescence responses.
Controllable signal molecule release from Au NP-gated MSNs for photocathodic detection of ultralow level AβO
Authors: Zhang Xuechen , Zhang Jinling , Gao Yao , Yan Jianyue , Song Wenbo
Published: December 2021

By integrating a target-responsive MSN-based controlled release system with a sensitization-SPR co-enhanced thionine/MoS2 QDs/Cu NWs photocathode, a highly sensitive split-type PEC aptasensing platform for AβO detection in blood is constructed.
Mesoporous perovskite titanates via hydrothermal conversion
Authors: Li Tianyu , Rodriguez Efrain E.
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate the successful hydrothermal conversion of mesoporous TiO2 to mesoporous perovskite SrTiO3.
Highly dispersed Cr oxygenated species on Pt nanowire assemblies for enhanced electrocatalytic methanol oxidation
Authors: Ding Jun , Liu Yan , Li Ang , Chen Qingqing , Dong Panpan , Mao Junjie , Wei Xianwen
Published: December 2021

A Pt nanowire assembly catalyst with Cr oxygenated species doping was designed, which showed excellent catalytic activity and stability for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation in both acidic and alkaline environments.
Exploring supercapacitance of solvothermally synthesized N-rGO sheet: role of N-doping and the insight mechanism
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Kumar Rajeev , Sahoo Balaram
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate the method of achieving excellent supercapacitance in nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) sheets by controlling the amount of N-content through the use of the different ratios of GO and urea during solvothermal synthesis.
Studying the impact of the pre-exponential factor on templated nucleation
Authors: Verma Vivek , Mitchell Hamish , Guo Mingxia , Hodnett Benjamin K. , Heng Jerry Y. Y.
Published: December 2021

This study suggests that the heterogeneous surface enhances the nucleation rate via hydrogen bond formation with both glycine and diglycine.
Strong Purcell enhancement at telecom wavelengths afforded by spinel Fe3O4 nanocrystals with size-tunable plasmonic properties
Authors: Dolgopolova Ekaterina A. , Li Dongfang , Hartman Steven T. , Watt John , Ríos Carlos , Hu Juejun , Kukkadapu Ravi , Casson Joanna , Bose Riya , Malko Anton V. , Blake Anastasia V. , Ivanov Sergei , Roslyak Oleksiy , Piryatinski Andrei , Htoon Han , Chen Hou-Tong , Pilania Ghanshyam , Hollingsworth Jennifer A.
Published: December 2021

Magnetite Fe3O4 is known for its magnetic properties, but at the nanoscale it can also support a localized surface plasmon and contribute to applications in nanoplasmonics from information processing and telecommunications to light-based sensing.
Catalytic cracking of acidified oil and modification of pyrolytic oils from soap stock for the production of a high-quality biofuel
Authors: Jiang Xia , Long Feng , Zhai Qiaolong , Zhao Jiaping , Liu Peng , Xu Junming
Published: December 2021

Soap stocks are by-products obtained during the refining process of vegetable oil, and are mainly feedstocks to produce acidified oil. In this work, an efficient process was developed to convert soap stock to a high-quality biofuel with low impurity content.
An investigation of palladium-catalyzed Stille-type cross-coupling of nitroarenes in perylenediimide series
Authors: Makhloutah Aline , Hatych Danylo , Chartier Thomas , Rocard Lou , Goujon Antoine , Felpin François-Xavier , Hudhomme Piétrick
Published: December 2021

The first Stille-type coupling is described using nitro-perylenediimide as the electrophile and various aryl and heteroaryl organostannes.
Bioinspired nonheme iron complex that triggers mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathway specifically for colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lee Yool , Oh Chaeun , Kim Jin , Park Myong-Suk , Bae Woo Kyun , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Hong Seungwoo
Published: December 2021

A water-soluble iron complex that produces hydroxyl radical species triggers colorectal cancer cell death via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Metal oxide nanomaterial-based sensors for monitoring environmental NO2and its impact on the plant ecosystem: a review
Authors: Tyagi Shrestha , Chaudhary Manika , Ambedkar Anit K. , Sharma Kavita , Gautam Yogendra K. , Singh Beer Pal
Published: December 2021

NMOS-based gas sensors are a strong detection technique for studying elevated environmental NO2concentration and its impact on the plant ecosystem.
Magneto-elastic coupling as a key to microstructural response of magnetic elastomers with flake-like particles
Authors: Dobroserdova Alla , Schümann Malte , Borin Dmitry , Novak Ekaterina , Odenbach Stefan , Kantorovich Sofia
Published: December 2021

Modeling structural transitions in a magnetic elastomer filled with NdFeB flake-like particles caused by a strong magnetic field.
Uniform coverage of high-loading sulfur on cross-linked carbon nanofibers for high reaction kinetics in Li–S batteries with low electrolyte/sulfur ratio
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Li Xiying , Liu Liangliang , Zhu Xuebing , Guo Zhijie , Guo Wei , Han Qing , He Jinling , Zhao Yong
Published: December 2021

Aggregation of high loading sulfur on host materials at low carbon/sulfur ratio results in the limited S↔Li2S reaction kinetics, which is a bottleneck for the development of lithium sulfur batteries with high energy densities.
Encoding patterns for quantum algorithms
Authors: Weigold Manuela , Barzen Johanna , Leymann Frank , Salm Marie
Published: December 2021

As quantum computers are based on the laws of quantum mechanics, they are capable of solving certain problems faster than their classical counterparts. However, quantum algorithms with a theoretical speed‐up often assume that data can be loaded efficiently. In general, the runtime complexity of the loading routine depends on (i) the data encoding that defines how the data is represented by the state of the quantum computer and (ii) the data itself. In some cases, loading the data requires at least exponential time that destroys a potential speed‐up. And especially for the first generation of devices that are currently available, the resources (qubits and operations) needed to encode the data are limited. In this work, we, therefore, present six patterns that describe how data is handled by quantum computers.
Planning of the foundation a three-story building constructed on potential liquefaction area in Air Tawar Estuary of Padang City
Authors: Karami Rasyid , Yuliet Rina , Putri Elsa Eka
Published: December 2021

The earthquake has become one of the most lethal problems in Indonesia, especially across the ring of the fire zone. On September 30th, 2009, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 SR occurred, triggering tsunami and liquefaction. The liquefaction potential and tsunami forces need to be mitigated when an earthquake happens to reduce the risk. This study designs the building foundation that can endure the loads from an earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction in the Air Tawar estuary of Padang City. The soil profile and liquefaction potential can be identified with CPT (Cone Penetration Test) data. After identifying the liquefaction potential, the upper structure was designed to consider the earthquake load and tsunami waves according to FEMA P-464 (2012). Afterward, design the foundation dimensions based on the ultimate load from the upper structure, wherein the amount of the settlement should be smaller than the tolerable soil settlement. The method used in the paper is taking the CPT data in the Air Tawar Estuary. After analyzing the liquefaction potential, making an upper structure design with ETABS 2016, recapitulate the maximum joint reaction to design the foundation that can withstand the ultimate load, and calculate the amount of soil settlement. Thus the design of the upper structure and lower structure take into account liquefaction. The amount of soil settlement obtained in the building design is still within the tolerance range of 9.79 mm, where the maximum limit of reduction is 32m.