bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of drain amylase content on postoperative day 1 as a predictor of pancreatic fistula following pancreatic resection
Authors: Giglio M C , Spalding D R C , Giakoustidis A , Zarzavadjian Le Bian A , Jiao L R , Habib N A , Pai M
Published: January 2016

Background

Drain amylase content in the days immediately after major pancreatic resection has been investigated previously as a predictor of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Its accuracy, however, has not been determined conclusively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of drain amylase content on the first day after major pancreatic resection in predicting the occurrence of POPF.

Methods

A literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus® databases to 13 May 2015 was performed to identify studies evaluating the accuracy of drain amylase values on day 1 after surgery in predicting the occurrence of POPF. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUChSROC) was calculated as an index of accuracy, and pooled estimates of accuracy indices (sensitivity and specificity) were calculated at different cut-off levels. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results

Thirteen studies involving 4416 patients were included. The AUChSROC was 0·89 (95 per cent c.i. 0·86 to 0·92) for clinically significant POPF and 0·88 (0·85 to 0·90) for POPF of any grade. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the different cut-offs: 90–100 units/l (0·96 and 0·54 respectively), 350 units/l (0·91 and 0·84) and 5000 units/l (0·59 and 0·91). Accuracy was independent of the type of operation, type of anastomosis performed and octreotide administration.

Conclusion

Evaluation of drain amylase content on the first day after surgery is highly accurate in predicting POPF following major pancreatic resection. It may allow early drain removal and institution of an enhanced recovery pathway.
Vulnerabilities among young Westerners joining ISIS
Authors: Yu Seong Hun , Haque Omar Sultan
Published: January 2016

As reported inThe New York Times(Bennhold, 2015), Khadiza Sultana was a bright 16‐year‐old schoolgirl. She excelled in her classes, receiving nothing but straight A's in all her courses. Her professors praised her for achieving beyond their expectations. She was a devoted daughter, especially so to her mother after the death of Khadiza's father a few years ago. She loved fashion, Twitter, and British football teams. “She was the girl you wanted to be like,” said one 14‐year‐old girl from the grade below her.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Benzoxazines: When Structural Design Becomes Functional
Authors: Froimowicz Pablo , Zhang Kan , Ishida Hatsuo
Published: January 2016

The future evolution of benzoxazines and polybenzoxazines as advanced molecular, structural, functional, engineering, and newly commercial materials depends to a great extent on a deeper and more fundamental understanding at the molecular level. In this contribution, the field of benzoxazines is briefly introduced along with a more detailed review of ortho‐amide‐functional benzoxazines, which are the main subjects of this article. Provided in this article are the detailed and solid scientific evidences of intramolecular five‐membered‐ring hydrogen bonding, which is supposed to be responsible for the unique and characteristic features exhibited by this ever‐growing family of ortho‐functionalized benzoxazines. One‐dimensional (1D) 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to study various concentrations of benzoxazines in various solvents with different hydrogen‐bonding capability and at various temperatures to investigate in detail the nature of hydrogen bonding in both ortho‐amide‐functionalized benzoxazine and its para counterpart. These materials were further investigated by two‐dimensional (2D) 1H–1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) to verify and support the conclusions derived during the 1D 1H NMR experiments. Only highly purified single‐crystal benzoxazine samples have been used for this study to avoid additional interactions caused by any impurities.
Cerium‐Complex‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Arylmethanols under Atmospheric Pressure of Dioxygen and Its Mechanism through a Side‐On μ‐Peroxo Dicerium(IV) Complex
Authors: Paul Mitali , Shirase Satoru , Morimoto Yuma , Mathey Laurent , Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Tanaka Shinji , Itoh Shinobu , Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi
Published: January 2016

A new CeIV complex [Ce{NH(CH2CH2N=CHC6H2‐3,5‐(tBu)2‐2‐O)2}(NO3)2] (1), bearing a dianionic pentadentate ligand with an N3O2 donor set, has been prepared by treating (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 with the sodium salt of ligand L1. Complex 1 in the presence of TEMPO and 4 Å molecular sieves (MS4 A) has been found to serve as a catalyst for the oxidation of arylmethanols using dioxygen as an oxidant. We propose an oxidation mechanism based on the isolation and reactivity study of a trivalent cerium complex [Ce{NH(CH2CH2N=CHC6H2‐3,5‐(tBu)2‐2‐O)2}(NO3)(THF)] (2), its side‐on μ‐O2 adduct [Ce{NH(CH2CH2N=CHC6H2‐3,5‐(tBu)2‐2‐O)2}(NO3)]2(μ‐η2:η2‐O2) (3), and the hydroxo‐bridged CeIV complex [Ce{NH(CH2CH2N=CHC6H2‐3,5‐(tBu)2‐2‐O)2}(NO3)]2(μ‐OH)2 (4) as key intermediates during the catalytic cycle. Complex 2 was synthesized by reduction of 1 with 2,5‐dimethyl‐1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐diazacyclohexadiene. Bubbling O2 into a solution of 2 resulted in formation of the peroxo complex 3. This provides the first direct evidence for cerium‐catalyzed oxidation of alcohols under an O2 atmosphere.
Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aryldiazonium Salts: A Mild and Convenient Copper‐Catalyzed Procedure for the Introduction of the SeCF3Group
Authors: Nikolaienko Pavlo , Rueping Magnus
Published: January 2016

The straightforward introduction of the trifluoromethylseleno group into aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is accomplished by the utilization of readily available aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, potassium selenocyanate, and Ruppert–Prakash reagent. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic diazonium salts and is also amenable to the synthesis of pentafluoroethyl selenoethers. Furthermore, the methodology can be applied directly starting from anilines.
Zn2+ and EDTA Cooperative Switchable Nanofluidic Diode Based on Asymmetric Modification of Single Nanochannel
Authors: Sun Yao , Zhang Fan , Sun Zhongyue , Song Miaomiao , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: January 2016

Design and fabrication of smart switchable nanofluidic diodes remains a challenge in the life and materials sciences. Here, we present the first example of a novel Zn2+/EDTA switchable nanofluidic diode system based on the control of one‐side of the modified hourglass‐shaped nanochannel with salicylaldehyde Schiff base (SASB). The nanofluidic diode can be turned on in the response of Zn2+ and turned off in response to EDTA solution with good reversibility and recyclability.
Synthesis of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanes
Authors: Pelzer Stefanie , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ignat'ev Nikolai , Hoge Berthold
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanium derivatives is described. The reaction of germanium tetrachloride with three equivalents of the pentafluoroethylation reagent LiC2F5 does not lead selectively to the formation of tris(pentafluoroethyl)chlorogermane, (C2F5)3GeCl. Here the introduction of a diethylamino function as a protecting group was beneficial. Thus, treatment of Cl3GeNEt2 with LiC2F5 smoothly afforded (C2F5)3GeNEt2. The replacement of the amino substituent by halides was accomplished by reaction with HBr or HCl on a multigram scale. The combination of (C2F5)3GeCl with Ag2CO3 gave rise to the formation of the digermoxane [(C2F5)3Ge]2O. An obtuse Ge‐O‐Ge angle of 150.2(1)° was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Attempted hydrolysis of the digermoxane leads to an equilibrium mixture of the precursor, (C2F5)3GeOH, and water.
Analysis of a Compound Class with Triplet States Stabilized by Potentially Baird Aromatic [10]Annulenyl Dicationic Rings
Authors: Jorner Kjell , Feixas Ferran , Ayub Rabia , Lindh Roland , Solà Miquel , Ottosson Henrik
Published: January 2016

The low‐lying triplet state of a recently published compound (TMTQ) was analyzed quantum chemically in light of suggestions that it is influenced by Baird aromaticity. Two mesomeric structures describe this state: 1) a zwitterionic Baird aromatic structure with a triplet diradical 8π‐electron methano[10]annulene (M10A) dicationic ring and 2) a Hückel aromatic with a neutral closed‐shell 10π‐electron ring. According to charge and spin density distributions, the Hückel aromatic structure dominates the triplet state (the Baird aromatic contributes at most 12 %), and separation of the aromatic fluctuation index (FLU) into α and β electron contributions emphasizes this finding. The small singlet–triplet energy gap is due to Hückel aromaticity of the M10A ring, clarified by comparison to the smaller analogues of TMTQ. Yet, TMTQ and its analogues are Hückel–Baird hybrids allowing for tuning between closed‐shell 4n+2 Hückel aromaticity and open‐shell 4n Baird aromaticity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gd4(BO2)O5F — A Gadolinium Borate Fluoride Oxide Comprising a Linear BO2 Moiety.
Authors: Hoeppe Henning A.
Published: January 2016

Gd4(BO2)O5F single crystals are obtained by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Gd2O3, B2O3, and NaF (BN crucible in Ta ampoule, 1500 °C, 72 h; cooling to 25 °C at a rate of 120 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions of Simple Alkylnitriles.
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Sato Io , Suzuki Hirotsugu , Kobayashi Shu
Published: January 2016

The first example of a catalytic asymmetric direct‐type 1,4‐addition reaction of alkylnitriles (II) and (IV), that do not have any activating group at the α‐position, to α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic amides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective para‐Methylthiolation/Bridging Methylenation of Arylamines Promoted by NH4I.
Authors: Xu Yinfeng , Cong Tiantian , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: January 2016

Aryl methyl thioethers (III)/(VI) and methylene‐bridged arylamines (IV)/(VII) are synthesized via highly regioselective para‐methylthiolation/bridging methylenation of arylamines (I) and (V) using DMSO as the methylthio or methylene source.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to Pyrimidines Through Organocatalytic Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction of Ketones with 1,3,5‐Triazine.
Authors: Yang Gongming , Jia Qianfa , Chen Lei , Du Zhiyun , Wang Jian
Published: January 2016

The reaction proceeds with simple secondary amines (e.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodofluorination of Alkenes Using IF5—Pyridine—HF.
Authors: Yano Shohei , Hara Shoji
Published: January 2016

Iodofluorination of alkenes with IF5·Py·HF and a reducing agent, such as KI or Sn powder, yields the corresponding iodofluoroalkanes stereo‐ and regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Joergensen—Hayashi Catalysts Supported on Poly(ethylene glycol)s as Highly Efficient and Reusable Organocatalysts for the Enamine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction.
Authors: Xia Ai‐Bao , Zhang Can , Zhang Yan‐Peng , Guo Yan‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Li Zhao‐Bo , Xu Dan‐Qian
Published: January 2016

The catalyst is recoverable and reusable at least 8 times.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Solid, Substituted Allylic Zinc Reagents and Their Reactions with Electrophiles.
Authors: Ellwart Mario , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of various allylic zinc pivalates with excellent thermal stability, ranging from several month to more than two years, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Nucleophilic Fluorination by an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Possessing Trialkylphosphine Oxide Functionality.
Authors: Paramanik Minakshmi , Singh Rekha , Mukhopadhyay Sulekha , Ghosh Sunil K.
Published: January 2016

A series of different fluorine‐substituted compounds is synthesized by fluorination of primary alkyl mesylates using a new alkylmethylimidazolium ionic liquid as effective catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines Through Dual‐Enzyme Hydrogen‐Borrowing Cascades.
Authors: Mutti Francesco G. , Knaus Tanjy , Scrutton Nigel S. , Breuer Michael , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: January 2016

The title amines are efficiently obtained from primary and secondary alcohols under environmentally benign reaction conditions using a combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase and an amine hydrogenase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Greener Approach for the Amide Bond Formation Employing FeCl3 as a Catalyst.
Authors: Basavaprabhu Basavaprabhu , Muniyappa Krishnamurthy , Panguluri Nageswara Rao , Veladi Panduranga , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: January 2016

The direct amidation of acids with amines is shown to work well for the less nucleophilic aniline and its derivatives (II) as well as benzyl amine (VI), bromoacetic acid (X) and sterically hindered amino acid (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via a Chemo‐Enzymatic Chain Elongation Approach by Combining Carboxylic Acid Reduction and Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Duan Yitao , Yao Peiyuan , Du Yuncheng , Feng Jinhui , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming
Published: January 2016

A new Mycobacterium carboxylic acid reductase is found to catalyze the reduction of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids leading to the corresponding aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allenyl Sulfones via a TBHP/TBAI‐Mediated Reaction of Propargyl Alcohols with Sulfonyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Yang Zheng , Hao Wen‐Juan , Wang Shu‐Liang , Zhang Jin‐Peng , Jiang Bo , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: January 2016

The construction of polysubstituted allenyl sulfones is achieved in a functional‐group‐compatible manner via TBHP/TBAI‐mediated reaction of propargyl alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazide in the presence of AcOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ce(OTf)3/PyBox Catalyzed Enantioselective Hosomi—Sakurai Reaction of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane.
Authors: Zhao Song , Zhang Xulong , Zhang Yuwei , Yang Huanhuan , Huang Yan , Zhang Kui , Du Ting
Published: January 2016

Homoallylic alcohols are efficiently synthesized in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities using chiral complexes as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Chiral Urea‐Quaternary Ammonium Salt Hybrid Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions of Glycine Schiff Bases.
Authors: Tiffner Maximilian , Novacek Johanna , Busillo Alfonso , Gratzer Katharina , Massa Antonio , Waser Mario
Published: January 2016

The new catalysts are tested in asymmetric Michael addition reactions and aldol‐initiated cascade reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Based Carbene Involved in a Radical Process: A New Crossover Reaction to Construct γ‐Peroxy Esters and 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Jiang Jiewen , Liu Jiajun , Yang Ling , Shao Ying , Cheng Jiang , Bao Xiaoguang , Wan Xiaobing
Published: January 2016

A novel copper‐catalyzed reaction of styrenes (I) with ethyl diazoacetate and tBu‐O‐OH provides access to γ‐peroxy esters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Throughput Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole and 1,2,4‐Triazole Libraries in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
Authors: Bogdan Andrew R. , Wang Ying
Published: January 2016

The heterocyclization involves first a low‐temperature peptide coupling of various carboxylic acids and hydroxyamidines, hydrazonamides, or pyridyl hydrazides followed by a high‐temperature cyclization in a continuous flow process using a fully integrated synthesis and purification platform.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Regioselective Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Chromenone Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Long‐Hua , Wu Wan‐Xia , Zhang Wei , Wang Na , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: January 2016

2H‐chromenones or 2‐hydroxyl‐1H‐chromenone derivatives are obtained from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes depending on the kind of the lipase.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes by Supramolecular Catalysis in Water.
Authors: Ren Yufeng , Zhang Wei , Lu Jun , Gao Kai , Liao Xiali , Chen Xiaozhen
Published: January 2016

The title chromenes are obtained by one‐pot three‐component reaction of various aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone using beta‐cyclodextrin as catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed the Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Acridione Derivatives at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ming , Bao Dan , Hu Bing‐Xiang , Zhou Ze‐Yu , Huang Deng‐Deng , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Liu Yang‐Mei
Published: January 2016

The L‐proline‐catalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes with cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (II) or dimedone (VIII) yields condensation products of type (III) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridoisoindoles Through Diazotization Followed by Intramolecular Cyclization from Pyridinylarylacetates in One Pot.
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Eui , Baek Yonghyeon , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Phil Ho
Published: January 2016

A new method to synthesize various pyridoisoindoles by intramolecular cyclization of diazo substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Hetero‐Arylation of 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with (E)‐1‐(5‐Bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and Their Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Vellakkaran Mari , Lingayya Rajaka , Naveen Kumar Bejjanki , Nagaiah Kommu , Poornachandra Y. , Ganesh Kumar C.
Published: January 2016

The title compounds are screened for their anticancer activity against A549, MCF7, HeLa, and DU145 human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Annulations of Indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidine‐Derived Lactams with a Silylated Nazarov Reagent: Access to Allo and Epiallo Yohimbine‐Type Derivatives.
Authors: Arioli Federica , Perez Maria , Are Celeste , Estarellas Carolina , Luque F. Javier , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes
Published: January 2016

The facial selectivity of double Michael addition of the silylated Nazarov reagent (II) and title compounds (I) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐ and (+)‐Merrilliaquinone, a Pair of New Quinone Enantiomers from Illicium merrillianum and Their Distinctive Effect on Human Hepatoma and Hepatic Cells.
Authors: Tian Xinhui , Li Li , Pei Jinpeng , Yue Rongcai , Fang Xin , Zhang Jianping , He Weiwei , Shan Lei , Shen Yunheng , Zhang Weidong
Published: January 2016

Merrilliaquinone, a new racemic quinone has been isolated from Illicium merrillianum, chiral separated, and spectroscopic analyzed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylpropanoids from the Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities.
Authors: Miao Ming‐Ming , et al.
Published: January 2016

Two novel (I) and four known phenylpropanoids are isolated and evaluated for their anti‐TMV activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Ligand Coordination: Consideration of Biological Significance
Authors: Springer Stephen D. , Butler Alison
Published: January 2016

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Applications of (Para)formaldehyde in Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Synthesis
Authors: Li Wanfang , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: January 2016

Review: [main achievements in the use of paraformaldehyde as methylene block, hydroxymethylation reagent, CO source, syngas surrogate, hydrogen donor or acceptor, formylation and methylation reagent; 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Biomimetic Strategy Paves the Way for the Asymmetric Umpolung of Imines
Authors: Waser Mario , Novacek Johanna
Published: January 2016

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed β‐Functionalization of Michael Acceptors Through Reductive Radical Addition Reactions
Authors: Streuff Jan , Gansaeuer Andreas
Published: January 2016

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Extended Pentalenes: The Revival of the Old Compound from New Standpoints
Authors: Kawase Takeshi , Nishida Jun‐ichi
Published: January 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications of T—HgII—T, C—AgI—C, and Other Metallo‐Base‐Pairs
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Kondo Jiro , Sychrovsk� Vladimir , Sebera Jakub , Dairaku Takenori , Saneyoshi Hisao , Urata Hidehito , Torigoe Hidetaka , Ono Akira
Published: January 2016

Review: [140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Adhering Magnetic Molecules to Surfaces
Authors: Holmberg Rebecca J. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: January 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview on Fast Pyrolysis of the Main Constituents in Lignocellulosic Biomass to Valued‐Added Chemicals: Structures, Pathways and Interactions
Authors: Shen Dekui , Jin Wei , Hu Jun , Xiao Rui , Luo Kaihong
Published: January 2016

Review: 145 refs.
Charakterisierung von Kieselgelen mit bimodaler Porenstruktur mittels Positronenlebensdauer‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Uhlig Hans , Zieger Steve , Bluhm Chris , Münster Tom , Klöss Gert , Krause‐Rehberg Reinhard , Enke Dirk
Published: January 2016

Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Ergebnisse vergleichen Stickstoffadsorption und Positronenlebensdauer‐Sprektroskopie (PALS) eines Modellsystems. Die durch die s.g. pseudomorphe Transformation hergestellten Materialien weisen eine bimodale Porenstruktur auf. Die Ergebnisse belegen eindrucksvoll, dass die Charakterisierung von bimodalen Porensystemen mit unterschiedlichen Porenvolumen mittels PALS möglich ist. Die Veränderung der Verhältnisse der Porenvolumina der zwei Porensysteme lässt sich messen und ermöglicht nach einer entsprechenden Kalibrierung auch die direkte Bestimmung des Porenvolumens durch PALS.
Effect of precipitating factors of acute heart failure on readmission and long‐term mortality
Authors: Arrigo Mattia , Tolppanen Heli , Sadoune Malha , Feliot Elodie , Teixeira Antonio , Laribi Said , Plaisance Patrick , Nouira Semir , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan , Gayat Etienne , Mebazaa Alexandre ,   on behalf of the GREAT Network
Published: January 2016

Aims

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the leading causes of unscheduled hospitalization and is associated with frequent readmissions and substantial mortality. Precipitating factors of AHF influence short‐term mortality, but their effect on outcome after hospital discharge is unknown. The present study assessed the effect of precipitating factors on readmission and long‐term survival in the overall population and in patients aged 75 years or younger.

Methods and results

Patients admitted with AHF (n = 755) included in the multicentre cohort ‘Biomarcoeurs’ were included in the study. Precipitating factors of AHF were classified in four main groups: acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, acute pulmonary disease and other causes. Hospital readmission during 90 days after discharge and survival at 1 year were analysed. Precipitating factors influenced readmissions and survival. Acute pulmonary disease was associated with fewer readmissions (HR 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.99, P = 0.049), especially in patients aged 75 years or younger (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.63, P = 0.006), whereas atrial fibrillation (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.29–3.85, P = 0.004) and acute coronary syndrome (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.02–4.86, P = 0.044) were associated with more readmissions. Patients with acute pulmonary disease at admission showed higher mortality (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.43, P = 0.034), especially in subjects aged 75 years or younger (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.17–5.41, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Precipitating factors of AHF substantially influenced outcome after hospitalization. In particular, patients with AHF precipitated by acute pulmonary disease showed fewer readmissions and higher 1 year mortality, especially in patients aged 75 years or younger.
Reactivity of Hydride Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing the Scorpionate Ligands Hydridotris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate and Tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanesulfonate
Authors: García‐Fernández Almudena , Miguel Sara , Díez Josefina , Gamasa Maria Pilar , Lastra Elena
Published: January 2016

The hydride complexes [RuH{κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(pta)] (1) and [RuH{κ3(N,N,N)‐Tpms}(pta)2] (3) [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate, Tpms = tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanesulfonate, pta = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane] reacted with alkynes to form the corresponding neutral alkenyl complexes through insertion reactions. The addition of HBF4 to the hydride complex [RuH{κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(pta)] (1) led to a coordinatively unsaturated complex through the loss of hydrogen. The free coordination site can be occupied by different groups, such as BF4 or NCMe.
Evaluation of Sialic Acid Expression on Cancer Cells via an Electrochemical Assay Based on Biocompatible Au@BSA Architecture and Lectin‐modified Nanoprobes
Authors: Geng Ping , Feng Chongchong , Zhu Linling , Zhang Junying , Wang Fengyang , Liu Kai , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2016

The changes of sialic acid (SA) expression on cell surface are closely associated with various malignant diseases. The analysis of SA expression is therefore becoming an important parameter in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we reported a sensitive electrochemical cytosensor for the analysis of SA expression on cell surface using three‐dimensional architecture of Au@BSA and nanoprobes of carbon nanospheres modified with Au nanoparticles (CNS/AuNPs). Au@BSA microspheres provided an effective matrix for binding of Concanavalin A (Con A) which acted as the recognizer and capturer for cells via the specific affinity to mannose and the core trimannoside of N‐glycan on the cell surface. On the basis of the specific recognition of Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to cell surface sialic acid groups, the SNA and HRP modified CNS/AuNPs nanoprobes were introduced onto the electrode surface, and amplified signals were produced by an enzymatic catalytic reaction of HRP toward the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) by H2O2. This cytosensor was successfully applied to the analysis of SA expression on cell surface disturbed by sialidase and to detect MCF‐7 cells and BGC‐823 cells with a low detection limit of 40 cells mL−1 and 120 cells mL−1. Therefore, the proposed strategy offers a new way for insight into the SA function in biological processes and helps improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Bi‐directional ACET micropump for on‐chip biological applications
Authors: Vafaie Reza Hadjiaghaie , Ghavifekr Habib Badri , Van Lintel Harald , Brugger Juergen , Renaud Philippe
Published: January 2016

The ability to control and pump high ionic strength fluids inside microchannels forms a major advantage for clinical diagnostics and drug screening processes, where high conductive biological and physiological buffers are used. Despite the known potential of AC electro‐thermal (ACET) effect in different biomedical applications, comparatively little is known about controlling the velocity and direction of fluid inside the chip. Here, we proposed to discretize the conventional electrodes to form various asymmetric electrode structures in order to control the fluid direction by simple switching the appropriate electric potential applied to the discretized electrodes. The ACET pumping effect was numerically studied by solving electrical, thermal and hydrodynamic multi‐physic coupled equations to optimize the geometrical dimensions of the discretized system. PBS solutions with different ionic strength were seeded with 1 μm sized fluorescent particles and electrothermally driven fluid motion was observed inside the channel for different electrode structures. Experimental analyses confirm that the proposed micropump is efficient for a conductivity range between 0.1 and 1 S/m and the efficiency improves by increasing the voltage amplitude. Behavior of the proposed electrode–electrolyte system is discussed by lumped circuit model. Frequency response of system illustrated that the optimal frequency range increases by increasing the conductivity of medium. For 0.18 S/m PBS solution, the constant pumping effect was observed at frequency range between 100 kHz and 1 MHz, while frequency range of 100 kHz to 5 MHZ was observed for 0.42 S/m. The characteristics of experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical model.
Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Richter Catherine A. , Papoulias Diana M. , Whyte Jeffrey J. , Tillitt Donald E.
Published: January 2016

Atrazine has been implicated in reproductive dysfunction of exposed organisms, and previous studies documented decreased egg production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during 30-d to 38-d exposures to 0.5 µg/L, 5 µg/L, and 50 µg/L atrazine. The authors evaluated possible mechanisms underlying the reduction in egg production. Gene expression in steroidogenesis pathways and the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis of male and female fish was measured. Atrazine did not significantly induce gonad aromatase (cyp19a1a) expression. An atrazine-induced shift in the number of females in an active reproductive state was observed. Expression of the egg maturation genes vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.1 (zp3.1) in medaka females was correlated and had a bimodal distribution. In both species, females with low vtg1 or zp3.1 expression also had low expression of steroidogenesis genes in the gonad, estrogen receptor in the liver, and gonadotropins in the brain. In the medaka, the number of females per tank that had high expression of zp3.1 was significantly correlated with egg production per tank. The number of medaka females with low expression of zp3.1 increased significantly with atrazine exposure. Thus, the decline in egg production observed in response to atrazine exposure may be the result of a coordinated downregulation of genes required for reproduction in a subset of females. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2230–2238. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Organoleptic properties and perception of maize, African yam bean, and defatted coconut flour‐based breakfast cereals served in conventional forms
Authors: Usman Grace Ojali , Okafor Gabriel Ifeanyi
Published: January 2016

Breakfast cereals were produced by roasting (t = 280°C) – a dry heat treatment process to gelatinize and semidextrinize the starch – in order to generate dry ready‐to‐eat products from blends of African yam bean (AYB), maize (M), and defatted coconut (DC) flour. Six samples were generated by mixing AYB and maize composite flour with graded levels of DC flour (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) to obtain the following ratios; 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 that were added equal quantities of sugar, salt, sorghum malt extract, and water. The obtained products were served dry (without added fluid), with water, milk, and warm milk to 15 panelists along with Weetabix Original (commercial control) to evaluate color, consistency, flavor, taste, aftertaste, mouth feel, and overall acceptability using a nine‐point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely, 9 = like extremely). The results revealed that the samples were acceptable to the panelists. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences, between the control (Weetabix) and the formulated samples in terms of overall acceptability, when served with water, whereas significant differences (P < 0.05) existed when served dry, with milk or warm milk. This new roasting process for producing breakfast cereals offers huge potentials for production of acceptable breakfast cereals enriched with protein and fiber‐rich sources that could be consumed dry, with water, milk, or warm milk.
Quality evaluation of physical properties, antinutritional factors, and antioxidant activity of bread fortified with germinated horse gram (Dolichus uniflorus) flour
Authors: Moktan Karishma , Ojha Pravin
Published: January 2016

Horse gram was germinated at 90% RH at 25°C for 72 h after 24 h soaking and then grinded to pass through 150 μm mesh size screens. The germination of horse gram result in increased protein, fiber, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of horse gram flour whereas fat, ash, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, tannin, phytate, and oxalate were reduced due to germination. Bread was prepared by the incorporation of (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) germinated horse gram flour (GHF) by a straight dough method. The loaf volume and specific volume decreased with an increased use of percentage of GHF. The sensory evaluation revealed that the incorporation of GHF up to 6% was acceptable. The protein (% db), fiber (% db), ash (% db), iron (mg/100 g), calcium (mg/100 g), tannin (mg/g), phytate (mg/g), oxalate (mg/g), total polyphenol content (GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (DPPH % inhibition) was found to be 9.08 ± 0.01, 1.23 ± 0.15, 1.36 ± 0.11, 4.07 ± 0.03, 128 ± 0.26, 2.06 ± 0.15, 2.46 ± 0.15, 0.7 ± 0.1, 12.44 ± 0.40, and 31.13 ± 0.25, respectively, in 6% GHF incorporated bread. The research concludes that 6% GHF incorporation in bread enhance the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.
Caregiver preference for reinforcement‐based interventions for problem behavior maintained by positive reinforcement
Authors: Gabor Anne M. , Fritz Jennifer N. , Roath Christopher T. , Rothe Brittany R. , Gourley Denise A.
Published: January 2016

Social validity of behavioral interventions typically is assessed with indirect methods or by determining preferences of the individuals who receive treatment, and direct observation of caregiver preference rarely is described. In this study, preferences of 5 caregivers were determined via a concurrent‐chains procedure. Caregivers were neurotypical, and children had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities and engaged in problem behavior maintained by positive reinforcement. Caregivers were taught to implement noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), and differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), and the caregivers selected interventions to implement during sessions with the child after they had demonstrated proficiency in implementing the interventions. Three caregivers preferred DRA, 1 caregiver preferred differential reinforcement procedures, and 1 caregiver did not exhibit a preference. Direct observation of implementation in concurrent‐chains procedures may allow the identification of interventions that are implemented with sufficient integrity and preferred by caregivers.
Inserting mastered targets during error correction when teaching skills to children with autism
Authors: Plaisance Lauren , Lerman Dorothea C. , Laudont Courtney , Wu Wai‐Ling
Published: January 2016

Research has identified a variety of effective approaches for responding to errors during discrete‐trial training. In one commonly used method, the therapist delivers a prompt contingent on the occurrence of an incorrect response and then re‐presents the trial so that the learner has an opportunity to perform the correct response independently. Some authors recommend inserting trials with previously mastered targets between the prompted response and opportunities to respond independently, but no studies have directly examined the benefits of this approach. In this study, we manipulated the placement of trials with mastered targets during discrete‐trial training to compare the effectiveness of error correction with and without this recommended insertion procedure. Four children with autism participated, and each was taught 18 targets across 3 target sets. Results indicated that embedding trials with mastered targets into error correction may not confer benefits for most children and that doing so may lead to less efficient instruction.
Interconnections Between Eurozone and US Booms and Busts Using a Bayesian Panel Markov‐Switching VAR Model
Authors: Billio Monica , Casarin Roberto , Ravazzolo Francesco , Van Dijk Herman K.
Published: January 2016

The proposed panel Markov‐switching VAR model accommodates changes in low and high data frequencies and incorporates endogenous time‐varying transition matrices of country‐specific Markov chains, allowing for interconnections. An efficient multi‐move sampling algorithm draws time‐varying Markov‐switching chains. Using industrial production growth and credit spread data, several important data features are obtained. Three regimes appear, with slow growth becoming persistent in the eurozone. Turning point analysis indicates the USA leading the eurozone cycle. Amplification effects influence recession probabilities for Eurozone countries. A credit shock results in temporary negative industrial production growth in Germany, Spain and the USA. Core and peripheral countries exist in the eurozone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classifying murine glomerulonephritis using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence elastography
Authors: Liu Chih‐Hao , Du Yong , Singh Manmohan , Wu Chen , Han Zhaolong , Li Jiasong , Chang Anthony , Mohan Chandra , Larin Kirill V.
Published: January 2016

Acute glomerulonephritis caused by antiglomerular basement membrane marked by high mortality. The primary reason for this is delayed diagnosis via blood examination, urine analysis, tissue biopsy, or ultrasound and X‐ray computed tomography imaging. Blood, urine, and tissue‐based diagnoses can be time consuming, while ultrasound and CT imaging have relatively low spatial resolution, with reduced sensitivity. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive and high‐resolution imaging technique that provides superior spatial resolution (micrometer scale) as compared to ultrasound and CT. Changes in tissue properties can be detected based on the optical metrics analyzed from the OCT signals, such as optical attenuation and speckle variance. Furthermore, OCT does not rely on ionizing radiation as with CT imaging. In addition to structural changes, the elasticity of the kidney can significantly change due to nephritis. In this work, OCT has been utilized to quantify the difference in tissue properties between healthy and nephritic murine kidneys. Although OCT imaging could identify the diseased tissue, its classification accuracy is clinically inadequate. By combining optical metrics with elasticity, the classification accuracy improves from 76% to 95%. These results show that OCT combined with OCE can be a powerful tool for identifying and classifying nephritis. Therefore, the OCT/OCE method could potentially be used as a minimally invasive tool for longitudinal studies during the progression and therapy of glomerulonephritis as well as complement and, perhaps, substitute highly invasive tissue biopsies.

Elastic‐wave propagation in mouse healthy and nephritic kidneys.

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Elastic‐wave propagation in mouse healthy and nephritic kidneys.
Antifungal Activity of Propolis Against Yeasts Isolated From Blood Culture: In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Mutlu Sariguzel Fatma , Berk Elife , Koc Ayes Nedret , Sav Hafize , Demir Gonca
Published: January 2016

Background: Due to the failure of available antifungal agents in the treatment of candidemia and the toxic activities of these drugs, a lot of researches are being conducted to develop new nontoxic and effective antifungal agents for optimal control of fungal pathogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of propolis against yeasts isolated from the blood cultures of intensive care unit patients.

Methods: Seventy‐six strains were included in this study. The in vitro antifungal activity of propolis, fluconazole (FLU), and itraconazole (ITR) was investigated by the microdilution broth methods (CLSI guidelines M27‐A3 for yeast). The propolis sample was collected from Kayseri, Turkey.

Results: Of the 76 isolates, 33 were identified as Candida albicans while 37 were C. parapsilosis, three were C. tropicalis, and three were identified as C. glabrata. The geometric mean range for MIC (μg/ml) with regard to all isolates was 0.077 to 3 μg/ml for FLU and ITR, and 0.375 to 0.70 μg/ml for propolis. It was shown that propolis had significant antifungal activity against all Candida strains and the MIC range of propolis was determined as 0185 to 3 μg/ml.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that propolis had significant antifungal activity against yeasts isolated from blood culture compared with FLU and ITR. The propolis MIC in azole‐resistant strains such as C. glabrata was found lower than the FLU MIC.
MicroRNA Regulation of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rajasekaran Subbiah , Pattarayan Dhamotharan , Rajaguru P. , Sudhakar Gandhi P. S. , Thimmulappa Rajesh K.
Published: January 2016

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of acute lung injury (ALI), is a very common condition associated with critically ill patients, which causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research, effective therapeutic strategies for clinical ALI/ARDS are not available. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding molecules have emerged as a major area of biomedical research as they post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes, including ALI/ARDS. In this context, this present review summarizes a large body of evidence implicating miRNAs and their target molecules in ALI/ARDS originating largely from studies using animal and cell culture model systems of ALI/ARDS. We have also focused on the involvement of miRNAs in macrophage polarization, which play a critical role in regulating the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Finally, the possible future directions that might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS are also reviewed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2097–2106, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject‐specific modeling of muscle force and knee contact in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Navacchia Alessandro , Rullkoetter Paul J. , Schütz Pascal , List Renate B. , Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Shelburne Kevin B.
Published: January 2016

Understanding the mechanical loading environment and resulting joint mechanics for activities of daily living in total knee arthroplasty is essential to continuous improvement in implant design. Although survivorship of these devices is good, a substantial number of patients report dissatisfaction with the outcome of their procedure. Knowledge of in vivo kinematics and joint loading will enable improvement in preclinical assessment and refinement of implant geometry. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the mechanics of total knee arthroplasty during a variety of activities of daily living (gait, walking down stairs, and chair rise/sit). Estimates of muscle forces, tibial contact load, location, and pressure distribution was performed through a combination of mobile fluoroscopy data collection, musculoskeletal modeling, and finite element simulation. For the activities evaluated, joint compressive load was greatest during walking down stairs; however, the highest contact pressure occurred during chair rise/sit. The joint contact moment in the frontal plane was mainly varus for gait and walking down stairs, while it was valgus during chair rise/sit. Excursion of the center of pressure on the tibial component was similar during each activity and between the medial and lateral sides. The main determinants of center of pressure location were internal–external rotation, joint load, and tibial insert conformity. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1576–1587, 2016.
Laser Material Processing of Medical Titanium
Authors: Patschger Andreas , Hopf Andreas , Güpner Michael , Bliedtner Jens
Published: January 2016

Titanium is considered to be the most attractive metallic material for medical applications such as dental implants. Furthermore, it can be used to build up gas‐tight and sterile transport boxes in order to maintain the sterility of the implants during shipment. For this purpose laser processes were investigated and led to low‐impact and clean assembly of the transport boxes. The following article provides an overview of suitable laser remote processes and, by means of an assembly example, shows how laser material processing with its diversity can support the sterile transport of medical implants.
How to Improve Efficiency in USP Laser Micromachining
Authors: Herrmann Thomas , Harth Florian , Henrich Bernhard , L'huillier Johannes , Hajri Melik
Published: January 2016

Highest quality in laser micromachining is obtained using ultrashort light pulses with energies slightly above ablation threshold. Together with very high pulse repetition rates and a new type of fast beam deflection technology, new pathways in laser micromachining have been opened. As examples, we show results of improved surface texturing and carbon‐fiber reinforced plastic material removal using this technology.
From Retail Shop to Hightech Boutique
Authors: Idzko Anna‐Lena
Published: January 2016

Company founder Eckhard Lessmüller and Head of Development Dr. Christian Truckenbrodt are heading Lessmüller Lasertechnik, LLT, as the company's two Managing Directors. The enterprise they are running has followed a transformation path that led from a retail shop to a high technology boutique. And the pathway to get there was out of the common.
Cryolipolysis versus laser lipolysis on adolescent abdominal adiposity
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Serag Eldein Mahgoub , Elshafey Mohamed Ali
Published: January 2016

Background

Noninvasive body contouring is one of the fastest growing segments of the cosmetic aesthetic industry. There is increased public demand for procedures with fewer side effects and shorter recovery times. Cryolipolysis and Laser lipolysis have been used as treatments for localized body contouring.

Objective

To compare the effect of Cryolipolysis versus Laser lipolysis on adolescent's abdominal adiposity.

Design

Randomized, controlled trial.

Subjects

Forty‐five obese adolescents of both sexes ranged in age from 13 to 16 years participated in this study were to be categorized into three groups of equal number (each group 15 subjects) randomly selected from population.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A was received (Cryolipolysis and diet), Group B was received (Laser lipolysis and diet), Group C was received (only diet) all groups were observed for 8 weeks. Weight and height scale for (change in weight), tape measurement for (waist‐hip ratio), skinfold caliper, and MRI.

Results

There was no significant difference between three groups post‐treatment in BMI and body weight P‐value were (0.2, 0.42, 0.67), respectively. There was a significant improvement for Cryolipolysis group in waist‐hip ratio, Suprailiac skin fold, and subcutaneous adipose tissue than other groups P‐value (0.001).

Conclusions

Cryolipolysis has a favorable effect than Laser lipolysis in the reduction of waist‐hip ratio, skin folds at Suprailiac level and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), there is no significant difference between them in the reduction of BMI and body weight. All groups did not have an effect on VAT. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:365–370, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four Simple Structure Carbazole‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Different Soft Connected Chains
Authors: Gu Chunyang , Bao Yan , Huang Wei , Liu Deyu , Yang Renqiang
Published: January 2016

Four carbazole–spacer–carbazole polymers PCz–Cn–Cz (n = 3–6) with the similar topological model structures are designed and prepared by FeCl3 oxidative coupling polymerization. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas of polymers are 862, 870, 768 and 785 m2 g−1, respectively. Interestingly, there are no obvious differences in the domain pore width (centered at 0.5 nm) and the pore size distribution among four polymers, although they have different length soft alkylene chains to interlink same rigid backbone carbazole. Gas adsorption isotherms show that H2 storage of polymers can be up to 1.33 wt% at 1.0 bar and 77 K, the uptake capacity for CO2 can reach 16.8 wt% at 1.0 bar and 273 K, CH4 uptake can reach 2.11 wt% at 1.0 bar and 273 K, and the CO uptake performance can be up to 1.37 wt% at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Selective adsorption of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 calculated using the initial gas uptake slopes shows that these networks display good selectivity with a maximum value of 47.7 (33.8) and 14 (7.3) at 273 K (298 K). The high selective adsorption performances make these materials potential candidates for gas separation and other environmental applications.

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