bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting TaPDK: A Promising Strategy for Effective Control of the Destructive Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta
Authors: Yan Shu-Yan , Song Jia-Hui , Yang Wen-Jia , Liu Wan-xue , Zhang Gui-Fen , Wan Fang-Hao , Desneux Nicolas , Zhang Yi-Bo
Published: March 2024

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK, a key component of the insulin signaling pathway, plays an important role in the regulation of insect growth and development. However, the functional significance of the PDK gene in Tuta absoluta, a destructive invasive tomato leaf miner, remains unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a PDK gene (designated TaPDK) and analyzed its physiological roles in molting and reproduction of T. absoluta. Our results showed that the TaPDK expression levels were elevated in the 5- and 6-day-old pupae before ecdysis and declined immediately after eclosion. TaPDK was predominantly expressed in the head, midgut and abdomen. When the TaPDK was knockdown, the larval-pupal molting and female reproduction were severely affected. Injecting dsRNA of TaPDK into 2-day-old female pupae resulted in epidermal wrinkling and darkening in 22.40% of pupae and head abnormalities in 8.89% of pupae, ultimately leading to death. Knockdown of TaPDK significantly reduced the 20E titer and chitin content and downregulated the expression levels of genes involved in the 20E pathway and chitin metabolism. Further investigation revealed that the suppression of TaPDK impaired ovarian development, resulting in significantly reduced fecundity and hatchability. In addition, the JH titer and vitellogenin content of TaPDK-deficient females were reduced, and the expression of Vg, VgR, and JH signaling pathway genes were significantly decreased. Collectively, our results demonstrated that TaPDK regulates pupal ecdysis and female reproduction in T. absoluta, thus providing a promising molecular target for the development of RNAi-based biopesticides to control T. absoluta.
Pregnancy with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: exploration of factors influencing live birth outcomes
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Takeda Jun , Ishii Sumire , Matsushita Masakazu , Tamura Naoto , Itakura Atsuo
Published: March 2024

Background
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) predominantly affects women in their reproductive age (30–40 years). This study is aimed to analyze a case series of MCTD-complicated pregnancies.
Methods
The study design utilized a combined case-series and case-control approach. Pregnant women with MCTD were included and categorized into two groups: the live-birth group and the non-live birth group (encompassing miscarriages < 12 weeks and stillbirths ≥ 12 weeks). Primary outcomes included delivery outcomes and factors associated with live births.
Results
A total of 57 pregnancies from 34 mothers (median age: 33.0 years) were included. Regarding delivery outcomes, the rates for live birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth were 64.9%, 29.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Additionally, the rates of preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were 18.9%, 18.9%, and 27.0%, correspondingly. Regarding factors associated with live births, the live birth group demonstrated a higher prevalence and lower steroid dose usage compared to the non-live birth group (62.2% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02; median dose: 7 mg vs. 10 mg, p = 0.03).
Conclusions
MCTD during pregnancy was associated with increased risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, FGR, and SGA. Notably, low-dose steroid therapy has been identified as a contributing factor to successful live births.
Public Health Risk Implication of Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity Concentrations in Drinkable Water Sources in Niger Delta
Authors: Esi Oghenevovwero Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

The evaluation of Public health risk implication of gross alpha and beta radioactivity concentrations in drinkable water of the southern coastline communities was analysed using gas flow proportional counter. A total of 90 liters of river water sampled from 15 communities across southern coastline Niger Delta were prepared and analyzed according to standard procedures. The mean gross alpha and beta activities concentrations obtained are 0.44 ± 0.14Bql− 1 and 15.65 ± 0.77Bql− 1 respectively. The mean total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) obtained are 2.3040 mSv/yr, 4.2049 mSv/yr and 8.4097 mSv/yr, total Annual Gonadal Equivalent Dose (AGED) are 11.2192 mSv/yr, 20.4752 mSv/yr and 40.9571 mSv/yr, total annual committed effective dose (CEDE) are 2.1841 mSv/yr, 3.9858 mSv/yr and 7.9719 mSv/yr and total adults Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is 29.43405mSv/yr for different age groups respectively. Both the gross alpha and beta activities values obtained and its computed radiological hazard risk indexes exceeded recommended permissible limit respectively. These high values can be attributed to hydrocarbon activates and oil vandals activates taking place in the area. However, adequate remediation should be done on the water body, produced water and other radiological waste should be treated properly before discharge into the river water and the environment to reduce radiological concentration in the communities’ drinking water.
Above and belowground functional trait response to biochar addition in seedlings of six tropical dry forest tree species
Authors: Lanuza Oscar R. , Peñuelas Josep , Espelta Josep M. , Peguero Guille
Published: March 2024

The addition of biochar as a soil amendment has great potential for ecological restoration and long-term carbon (C) storage. However, few studies have evaluated the functional trait responses of tree seedlings to increasing application rates of biochar and almost no information is available for tropical dry forests (TDF). Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to quantify effects of rates of biochar (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 t/ha) on demographic and functional traits of six tree species used in TDF restoration programs. After 100 days of growth, we found no negative effects of biochar on seedling survival and only in two of the species the highest dose applied slightly reduced the final biomass. The addition of biochar increased leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and specific leaf area (SLA) of all species. Greater variation in above-and below-ground trait responses to biochar was due more to inter-specific (52%) and intra-specific (36%) differences than main effects of biochar across species (11%), although we found that 81% of the variation in the LCC was due to the addition of biochar. We found a positive effect of biochar on morphological traits related to C gain and physiological tolerance to drought (higher dry mass content of root, leaf, and stem, LCC, SLA, and leaf area ratio). Therefore, we suggest that applications of biochar between 5 to 30 t/ha do not compromise the early growth of the seedlings of the studied species, and even may improve their growth capacity and drought resistance during their establishment in the field.
The expression and regulation of the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 2 in parotid carcinoma
Authors: Gu Min , Ge Junyi , Pan Qianjia , Wang Peipei , Hua Fei
Published: March 2024

Background
To explore the effect of down-regulating NSD2 gene expression on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of parotid carcinoma.
Materials and methods
SACC-2 cells were transfected with NSD2 siRNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect expression of NSD2 mRNA and western blot was used to detect the expression of NSD2 protein. CCK-8 and colony formation test were used to detect cell proliferation. Annexin V PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cell scratch and transwell test were used to detect cell invasion.
Results
The apoptosis rates of siNSD2-1 and siNSD2-2 groups were significantly higher. The wounds of siNSD2-1 and siNSD2-2 group were more significant than that of control, and relative migration distances were reduced significantly than that of control (P < 0.05). The cells which penetrated cell membrane of siNSD2-1 and siNSD2-2 were significantly less than those of control (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Silencing NSD2 gene can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of parotid carcinoma SACC-2 cells and induce apoptosis.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and nitrate distribution of groundwater in Weibei Plain, Northern China
Authors: Shi Long , Wu Chu , Pan Shibing , Wang Nan , Chen Weifan
Published: March 2024

Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become an issue that cannot be overlooked, specifically in areas where there is intense agricultural groundwater extraction. This study focuses on the Weibei Plain, where 46 shallow groundwater monitoring wells were selected for sampling during the dry and wet seasons in 2016 and 2021. The purpose of this study was to analyze the regional groundwater hydrogeochemistry and investigate the temporal or spatial variation of nitrate content. The results demonstrated that the groundwater in the study area had a weakly alkaline nature. The hydrochemical composition of the groundwater shifted from being dominated by HCO3-Ca-Mg in 2016 to HCO3-Na and SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg in 2021. The hydrochemical characteristics were predominantly impacted by both rock weathering and cation exchange. The average concentration of nitrate in the 184 samples was 25.93 mg/L, surpassing the drinking water limit of 20 mg/L. A significant correlation was observed between NO3− and Cl− as well as SO42−. The areas with high nitrate concentrations were predominantly located in the groundwater depression cone and regions with intensive agricultural activities, indicating that human activities were the main contributors to nitrate pollution. Furthermore, the nitrate concentration was significantly higher during the wet season compared to the dry season. This could be attributed to rainfall intensifying the infiltration of nitrate from the soil into the groundwater. Furthermore, there was a substantial increase in nitrate concentration in 2021 compared to 2016. This increase was primarily ascribed to the excessive exploitation of groundwater for irrigated agriculture, leading to a considerable influx of nitrate into the groundwater.
Adoption of transoral parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism – Analysis of the European TOETVA/TOEPVA Study Group
Authors: Karakas Elias , Arikan Melisa , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp , Nikiforos Theocharis , Schopf Stefan , Klein Günther , Hummel Bianca , Schardey Martin , Busch Peter , Hermann Michael , Grabner Thomas , Makay Oezer , Oezdemir Murat , Karimov Zyia , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Casarli Andrea
Published: March 2024

Background
The introduction of new surgical technologies inevitably requires scrutiny. With the increasing introduction of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via the vestibular access (TOETVA) in benign and malignant thyroid surgery, it is imperative to also define the procedure for the parathyroid glands to ensure the clinically safe introduction and use of the Transoral Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOEPVA). The aim of this study was to evaluate this technique within the European Transoral Endoscopic Para-/Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach Study Group.
Methods
This study included patients who underwent TOEPVA between February 2016 and February 2023 at seven European high-volume tertiary referral centres.
The data were analysed regarding the use of preoperative localization procedures, success rates, duration of surgery, complications and type of specimen collection.
Results
Overall, 29 (90.6%) patients underwent pure TOEPVA. In 3 (9.4 %) patients TOEPVA was combined with hemithyroidectomy. Each European Center performed between 2 and 10 cases.
Overall, none cases were identified as 'complex', i.e. including bilateral neck exploration.
Cervical ultrasound was performed in all 32 (100 %) patients and yielded a positive result. Tc99mSestaMibi scintigraphy with single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in 30 (93.8%) patients, with inconclusive results in two (6.7%) of these patients. Choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed in 4 (12.5 %) patients with positive results. Magnetic resonance imaging was not used. The mean operative time was 102 ± 46.9 (range 40 - 260) minutes. The success rate (i.e. normocalcaemia) was 100% on the first postoperative day. One (3.1%) patient had recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Conversion to open surgery, revisions and local infections did not occur. The mean hospital stay was 1.75±3 (range 1-3) days. At discharge, 2 (6.3%) patients had local swelling, 3 (9.4%) patients suffered from discolouration in the chin area, one (3.1%) patient had local sensory disturbance but no motor deficit.
Conclusion
This is the first European report on TOEPVA showing favourable perioperative outcomes for localised pHPT. Further experience and studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefit.
Are Medical School Preclinical Tests Biased for Sex and Race? A Differential Item Functioning Analysis
Authors: Dale Esther , Abulela Mohammed A. A. , Jia Hao , Violato Claudio
Published: March 2024

Background: There has been recently a common practice in assessment development to ascertain that test items function equally across test-takers’ subgroups, which is fundamental for fairness, and consequently validity of test score interpretations and uses. Accordingly, we conducted differential item functioning (DIF) analysis for three preclinical medical school foundational courses based on students’ sex and race.
Methods: The sample included 520, 519, and 344 medical students for anatomy, histology, and physiology, respectively, collected from 2018-2020. To conduct DIF analysis, we used the IRTPRO software based on the item response theory two-parameter logistic model.
Results: The three assessments had as many as one-fifth of the items that functioned differentially across one or more of the variables sex and race: 10 (20%) out of 49 items, six (15%) out of 40 items, 5 (11%) out of 45 items showed statistically significant DIF for Anatomy, Histology, and Physiologycourses, respectively. Measurement specialists and subject matter experts independently reviewed the items to identify construct-irrelevant factors as potential sources for DIF. Most identified items were generally poorly written or had unclear images.
Conclusions: The validity of score-based inferences, particularly for subgroup comparisons, requires test items to function equally across examinee subgroups. In the present study, we found DIF of some items for sex and race in three content areas. The present approach should be explored in other medical schools to address the generalizability of the present findings. Item level DIF should also be routinely conducted as part of psychometric analyses for basic sciences courses and other assessments.
Dental Pathology Reveal Bidirectional Link between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk: Multi-Way Array Analysis
Authors: Pham Tuan D.
Published: March 2024

Background: Understanding the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular risk is paramount for achieving holistic and effective healthcare. Diabetes, a complex metabolic disorder, is intricately linked to an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, making it imperative to unravel the nuanced interplay between these two health parameters. Cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes is often heightened due to various factors, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Insights into this intricate relationship can empower healthcare professionals to adopt a proactive stance, offering timely interventions and personalized care strategies.
Methods: This study leverages a publicly available dataset comprising 212 patients from Dutch hospitals to investigate the intricate connections among patient characteristics, dental pathology, and cardiovascular risk factors. Utilizing tensor decomposition in data science and visual representation, this study explored the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and coronary artery calcification. A multi-way array analysis integrated patient characteristics and dental conditions to construct tensor models for three categories: without diabetes, with diabetes, and with coronary artery calcification. Furthermore, com-1 plementary nonlinear dynamics, visual analyses, and machine learning were utilized to further enrich the investigation.
Results: Patterns across the three categories were discovered through PARAFAC tensor decomposition factors, incorporating both patient characteristics and dental conditions. The k-NN search, examining the similarity among tensor coefficients derived from the 3-way arrays within the three categories, highlighted a bidirectional link between diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the utilization of fuzzy recurrence plots and entropy measures enabled the quantification of distinctive patterns among subjects without diabetes , those with diabetes, and individuals experiencing coronary artery calcification.
Conclusion: The reciprocal interaction between diabetes and CAC tertiles 2 and 3 becomes apparent, underscoring the necessity for a broader analytical perspective. The incorporation of patient characteristics and dental health in the 3-way array analysis reveals latent patterns, enhancing current understanding with nuanced insights. Dental conditions emerge as pivotal indicators, providing a more detailed viewpoint on the intricacy between diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
Peranan Biro Wanita dan Sayap Pemuda dalam Politik Pilihan Raya Semasa Pilihan Raya Negeri Sarawak 2021 di Tamin dan Meluan
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia, Sebli-Seidelson Lucy , Awang Mohamad Awang Mashabi ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia, Hashim Haslina ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

This article examines the electoral politics of the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21), focusing on the Women’s Bureau and Youth Wing of Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) and the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). Using the framework of clientelism, the study investigates the interdependent relationships between the women’s bureau, youth wing and candidates. From the outset, it is evident that the provision of rewards and services by candidates both before and after the election played a significant role in consolidating the support of the women’s bureau and youth wing members, particularly towards the incumbent candidates. The research was conducted through observations and in-depth interviews with candidates, PRS and PDP representatives, women’s bureau and youth wing members, youth leaders, and community leaders, including tuai rumah and penghulu, in the State Legislative Assembly (SLA) of Meluan and Tamin.
Theory behind an innovative non-disassembly repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and motor transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic
Authors: Pavlov O. G. , Dunaev A. V. , Lavrov Yu. G. , Tseyko A. P. , Shilin M. B.
Published: March 2024

Tribological compositions on the basis of layered silicates and, specifically, serpentine have been known for over thirty years. Their effectiveness is confirmed by successful application in many industries, in agriculture, on sea and river vessels, on railroads, in mining equipment, on passenger and goods vehicles, as well as by tests conducted at many leading industrial research institutes and universities of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article presents the theoretical aspects of the technology for applying friction geomodifiers related to innovative nanotechnologies, which enable a significant improvement in the operating characteristics of new, as well as worn-out, expensive equipment containing friction assemblies.

The use of the proposed technology for restoring worn-out equipment components under harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic seems particularly feasible and economically justified.
Fuzzy algorithm-based active control method for vibration of a mechanical gear transmission system
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Guangzheng , Wang Shaozhu , Tan Hui , Yang Fazhan
Published: March 2024

The detached raft automatic frequency isolation system is a complicated system with high exceptionally nonlinear, high electromagnetic, and multi-source vibration modes. However, it generates a statistical method and it is hard to operate the organization. The fuzzy control algorithm, as an astute control method, can give a keen path to the active management of a complicated system of floating rafts. This study uses a system identification approach to construct mathematical models for a floating raft active vibration isolation system with discrete transfer work. The fuzzy model is used in tests and simulations controller is built using two contributions of acceleration and its variation, as well as a single result of control voltage. The control isolation system is a complicated system with many moving parts. A lot of moving parts profoundly nonlinear, high electromagnetic and multi-source vibration modes, generating a statistical method and it is hard to operate the organization. The fuzzy control algorithm, as a smart control method, can give a keen path to the active management of a sophisticated floating raft system. This research uses an identification strategy to construct a floating raft active vibration isolation technology discrete transfer work mathematical models. The fuzzy controller is then put together using two contributions: acceleration and variation, as well as a single outcome of control voltage for simulations and experiments research.
Language as Key to Reality: From Philosophy of Name to Discourse
Authors: Kabahidze Ekaterina
Published: March 2024

Language and consciousness are two transcendental categories that determine the processes of cognition, thinking, introspection, perception, and subject-object relations. At different stages of philosophy, they were interpreted depending on the dominant philosophical and ideological paradigm in relation to reality, the existential goals of the subject and society, and methodological approaches, e.g., phenomenological, hermeneutical, discursive, etc. This article systematizes the basic concepts of language in various historical epochs, i.e., from antiquity to the XXI century. The evolution of views on language is represented not from the standpoint of self-reference, but through the prism of socio-cultural and socio-historical changes in reality and its relation to the subject. The author traced the development of the philosophy of language and defined the reasons behind the evolution of approaches to language and consciousness. The article attempts to answer two questions: How do different paradigms of the philosophy of language and consciousness approach the matter of subject’s access to the real world? To what extent were paradigm shifts caused by the changing cultural, historical, and socio-political backgrounds? Since evolutionary epistemology identifies gnoseology as one of the main functions of language, the categories of thinking and understanding receive special attention. The growing complexity of the world order affects the relationship between language and consciousness, i.e., from singularity (philosophy of name) to continuality (discourse).
Cognitive Processes in Students Exposed to Different Musical Genres
Authors: Samohodkin Evgeniy , Timokhovich Alexandra
Published: March 2024

As an integral part of human culture, music affects cognitive processes and emotional states. This research featured the impact that different musical genres produce on cognitive processes. The experiments involved the survey method, as well as standard psychological tests and tools for cognitive assessment that measured concentration, memory capacity, and mood. The study involved 135 university students aged 18–27 y.o.; they were divided into nine independent groups of 15 people in each. The students were exposed to musical compositions of three genres: classical music, rock music, and electronic music. Each genre covered three test groups. Their cognitive performance was analyzed before and after the experimental stage. The differences in cognitive performance obtained for various musical genres can have practical application in education and psychotherapy. Classical music increased attention, enhanced memory capacity, and stabilized mood whereas rock music and electronic music had a multidirectional effect. This article casts a new perspective on the mechanisms of interaction between music and cognitive processes, thus expanding the existing database in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive sciences.
Detection of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing genes blaSPM and blaNDM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wastewater in Southern Brazil
Authors: Monteagudo de Barros Vinícius , da Rocha Bruna Seixas , Rhoden Jaqueline , Stein Janaína Franciele , Picoli Simone Ulrich , Rigotto Caroline
Published: March 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with the ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance. The surveillance of resistance genes in various environmental matrices has gained prominence in recent years, being seen as a potential threat to public health. The objective of this study was to investigate genes encoding metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), which confer resistance to carbapenems, in wastewater. Fifteen isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected for five months from samples obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Rio Grande do Sul. These isolates were subjected to disk diffusion testing using 10 different antimicrobials. Phenotypic enzymatic tests for MBLs were conducted, and positive isolates underwent DNA extraction and gene detection using the polymerase chain reaction. The resistance rate to ceftazidime was 100%, cefepime 73.3%, piperacillin–tazobactam 66.67%, imipenem 53.30%, levofloxacin 46.67%, tobramycin 40%, and ciprofloxacin and amikacin 13.33%. Both meropenem and aztreonam resistances were rare accounting for 6.60% of the tested isolates. Among these isolates, 20% were classified as multidrug-resistant and were found to carry the blaNDM and blaSPM genes. The results suggest that evaluating resistance genes in bacteria from urban raw sewage can provide data that assist in surveillance, as this environment can stimulate increased bacterial resistance.
Advances in the Treatment of Kidney Disorders using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Rajput Shivam , Malviya Rishabha , Uniyal Prerna
Published: March 2024

Renal disease is a medical condition that poses a potential threat to the life of an individual and is related
to substantial morbidity and mortality rates in clinical environments. The aetiology of this condition is influenced
by multiple factors, and its incidence tends to increase with progressive aging. Although supportive
therapy and kidney transplantation have potential advantages, they also have limitations in terms of mitigating
the progression of KD. Despite significant advancements in the domain of supportive therapy, mortality rates
in patients continue to increase. Due to their ability to self-renew and multidirectionally differentiate, stem cell
therapy has been shown to have tremendous potential in the repair of the diseased kidney. MSCs (Mesenchymal
stem cells) are a cell population that is extensively distributed and can be located in various niches
throughout an individual's lifespan. The cells in question are characterised by their potential for indefinite replication
and their aptitude for undergoing differentiation into fully developed cells of mesodermal origin under
laboratory conditions. It is essential to emphasize that MSCs have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and
efficacy as a therapeutic intervention for renal diseases in both preclinical as well as clinical investigations.
MSCs have been found to slow the advancement of kidney disease, and this impact is thought to be due to
their control over a number of physiological processes, including immunological response, tubular epithelial-
mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, renal tubular cell death, and angiogenesis. In addition, MSCs demonstrate
recognised effectiveness in managing both acute and chronic kidney diseases via paracrine pathways.
The proposal to utilise a therapy that is based on stem-cells as an effective treatment has been put forward
in search of discovering novel therapies to promote renal regeneration. Preclinical researchers have demonstrated
that various types of stem cells can provide advantages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Moreover,
preliminary results from clinical trials have suggested that these interventions are both safe and well-tolerated.
This manuscript provides a brief overview of the potential renoprotective effects of stem cell-based
treatments in acute as well as chronic renal dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanisms that govern the process
of kidney regeneration induced by stem cells are investigated. This article will examine the therapeutic approaches
that make use of stem cells for the treatment of kidney disorders. The analysis will cover various cellular
sources that have been utilised, potential mechanisms involved, and the outcomes that have been
achieved so far.
Recent Advances in Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and m-CPBA Mediated Oxidative
Transformations
Authors: Varala Ravi , Seema Vittal , Amanullah Mohammed , Ramanaiah Seella , Alam Mohammed Mujahid
Published: March 2024

Among the several peroxides available, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA)
plays an efficient role of oxidizing reagent and is used for many oxidative transformations,
such as oxidation of various functional groups, carbon-carbon, carbon-hetero bond formation,
heterocyclic ring formation, heteroarylation, oxidative cross-coupling, lactonization,
oxidative dearomatization, α-oxytosylation or α-acetoxylation, oxidative C-C bond activation
and in other miscellaneous reactions. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss
the significant contributions of mCPBA along with hypervalent iodine/iodine reagents in
organic synthesis from mid-2015 to date.
Infratentorial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation May be a Risk Factor
for Symptomatic Bleeding and Precocity of Symptoms: A Multicenter,
Propensity Score Matched, Case-Control Study
Authors: Galvão Gustavo da Fontoura , Filho Ricardo Castro , Cunha Alexandre Alexandre Martins , Soares Andre Guimarães , Filho Marcos Antônio Dellaretti , de Souza Jorge Marcondes
Published: March 2024

Background::

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is one of the most common
types of vascular malformation of the central nervous system. Intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures,
and lesional growth are the main clinical manifestations. Natural history studies have tried
to identify many risk factors; however, the clinical course remains highly unpredictable.

Objective::

Here, we have analyzed a multicenter CCM cohort looking for the differential clinical data
regarding the patients harboring supra and/or infratentorial cavernous malformations in order to better
understand risk factors involved in the anatomical location of the unique neurosurgical disease.

Methods::

We have presented a multicenter, Propensity Score Matched (PSM), case-control
study including 149 consecutive CCM cases clinically evaluated from May 2017 to December
2022 from three different neurosurgical centers. Epidemiological data were defined at each clinical
assessment. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent contribution of each
possible risk factor to the bleeding risk. To balance baseline covariates between patients with
and without symptoms, and specifically between those with and without symptomatic bleeding,
we used a PSM strategy. The Kaplan-Meier curve was drawn to evaluate if patients with infratentorial
lesions had a greater chance of bleeding earlier in their life.

Results::

The presence of infratentorial lesions was a risk factor in the multivariate analysis comparing
the bleeding risk with pure asymptomatic individuals (OR: 3.23, 95% CI 1.43 – 7.26,
P = 0.005). Also, having an infratentorial CCM was a risk factor after PSM (OR: 4.56, 95% CI
1.47 - 14.10, P = 0.008). The presence of an infratentorial lesion was related to precocity of
symptoms when the time to first bleed was compared to all other clinical presentations in the
overall cohort (P = 0.0328) and in the PSM group (P = 0.03).

Conclusion::

Here, we have provided some evidence that infratentorial cerebral cavernous malformation
may have a more aggressive clinical course, being a risk factor for symptomatic
haemorrhage and precocity of bleeding.
Research Progress of Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yao Jinglin , Kan Bohong , Dong Zhengjia , Tang Zhenyu
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing as the elderly population,
which hurts elderly people's cognition and capacity for self-care. The process of mitophagy involves
the selective clearance of ageing and impaired mitochondria, which is required to preserve
intracellular homeostasis and energy metabolism. Currently, it has been discovered that mitophagy
abnormalities are intimately linked to the beginning and progression of AD. This article discusses
the mechanism of mitophagy, abnormal mitophagy, and therapeutic effects in AD. The purpose
is to offer fresh perspectives on the causes and remedies of AD.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Novel
Indole-triazole Conjugates
Authors: Berwal Paras , Rohilla Suman , Mathur Nancy , Rani Ketki
Published: March 2024

Background:

Indole-triazole conjugates have emerged as promising candidates for new
drug development. Their distinctive structural characteristics, coupled with a wide array of biological
activities, render them a captivating and promising field of research for the creation of novel
pharmaceutical agents.

Objective:

This study aimed to synthesize indole-triazole conjugates to investigate the influence
of various substituents on the functional characteristics of indole-triazole hybrids. It also aimed to
study the binding modes of new hybrids with the DNA Gyrase using molecular docking studies.

Methods:

A new set of indole-triazole hybrids was synthesized and characterized using various
physicochemical and spectral analyses. All hybrids underwent in-silico pharmacokinetic prediction
studies. The antimicrobial efficacy of the hybrids was assessed using tube dilution and agar
diffusion methods. Additionally, the in-vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized compounds was
determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. Furthermore,
in silico molecular docking studies were performed to enhance our comprehension of how the synthesized
compounds interact at the molecular level with DNA gyrase.

Results:

Pharmacokinetic predictions of synthesized hybrids indicated favourable pharmacokinetic
profiles, and none of the compounds violated the Lipinski rule of five. Notably, compound 6,
featuring a cyclohexanol substituent, demonstrated superior antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
(EC50 value = 14.23 μmol). Molecular docking studies further supported the in vitro antioxidant
and antimicrobial findings, revealing that all compounds adeptly fit into the binding pocket of
DNA Gyrase and engaged in interactions with crucial amino acid residues.

Conclusion:

In summary, our research underscores the efficacy of molecular hybridization in
shaping the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biological characteristics of novel indole-triazole
derivatives.
Polydopamine-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA) for the
Copper-Catalyzed Ipso-Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids and
Subsequent O-Benzylation in Aqueous Media
Authors: Lee Kwang-Beom , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Seung-Hoi
Published: March 2024

A novel advancement has emerged in the realm of catalysis with the development of an
innovative method for the ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids. This approach harnessed the
power of bio-compatible polydopamine-coated magnetite support (Fe3O4@PDA) in conjunction with
a copper salt, forming a heterogeneous catalytic environment. The resulting catalytic system facilitated
oxidative hydroxylation under mild aerobic conditions at room temperature in aqueous conditions.
This environmentally friendly process allowed for the seamless conversion of diverse arylboronic
acids featuring varying electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups into the corresponding
phenols, achieving remarkably high yields. Notably, the versatility of the catalytic system
extended to a one-pot tandem O-benzylation of the resultant phenolic intermediates. The additional
dimension of the process underscores its efficiency, offering a streamlined route to synthesizing benzyl
phenyl ethers with a commendable level of success. The significance of the present catalytic
methodology lies not only in its efficacy but also in its eco-friendly attributes, showcasing the potential
for sustainable and efficient transformations in organic synthesis.
Liposome as a Potential Drug Delivery System in Addressing Skin Diseases: A Review
Authors: Malhotra Shivam , Jindal Shammy , Bala Rajni , Madaan Reecha
Published: March 2024

:

It was asserted that the manufacturing of liposomes, which was first disclosed in 1961,
was a useful technology for drug encapsulation. Furthermore, there are several cosmetic items on the
market now that include liposomes. The liposomes are novel drug carrier systems due to their similarity
in lipid composition with the epidermal membrane. As a result, they penetrate the epidermis to
a greater extent, showing enhanced skin absorption and increased effectiveness of the encapsulated
drug molecule.

:

This review briefly addresses the skin's anatomy, skin conditions, and the topical delivery of drugs
for the treatment of skin diseases with emphasis on psoriasis by utilizing liposomes and other vesicular
drug delivery systems along with challenges and opportunities in the treatment of skin diseases.

:

When compared to alternative distribution methods, their resemblance to biological membranes enables
entry into the epidermal barrier. Liposomes are good at penetrating the skin more deeply and
reducing therapeutic side effects, which offers hope for the successful treatment of skin problems.

:

Applying liposomes topically has several benefits, including better skin bioavailability and targeting,
increased skin hydration by surface adhesiveness, protection of skin structure from external stress,
and prolonged dermal release. Further, they have got potential to target the encapsulated drug molecule
into pilosebaceous structure, making them an ideal candidate for the treatment of hair follicles
and sebaceous gland disorder.
Utilizing in silico Methods in New Drug Design
Authors: Pérez-Valera Olivia , Córdoba-Campo Yuri , Torres-Martínez Rafael , Cruz-Martínez Yesica R. , Valencia Quiroz Israel
Published: March 2024

The current chapter offers a highly informative and enlightening overview of
the practical implementation of molecular docking in the field of biotechnology, with a
specific focus on drug discovery for a variety of ailments. Molecular docking, an
incredibly powerful computational methodology, has increasingly been utilized as an
essential instrument in the elucidation of drug-receptor interactions, providing
invaluable insights into the process of designing drugs. This chapter delves into the
fundamentals of molecular docking algorithms, offering a comprehensive
understanding of their theoretical underpinnings, methodologies, and typical
applications. Furthermore, this chapter elaborates on how this method is used to predict
the binding affinity and orientation of potential small-molecule therapeutics to their
protein targets, emphasizing the crucial role that molecular docking plays in the quest
for new medications to treat various diseases. By presenting case studies across a range
of diseases, this chapter effectively demonstrates the remarkable versatility of
molecular docking in advancing our knowledge of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic
interventions. In addition, specific diseases and their corresponding drugs are carefully
examined, along with an in-depth review of molecular docking studies performed on
these drugs. This detailed exploration serves as a robust foundation for researchers
seeking to understand the utility of molecular docking in the development of more
effective, targeted therapeutics. This chapter thus positions molecular docking as an
indispensable tool in the field of biotechnology, propelling drug discovery into a new
era of precision and efficiency. Overall, this chapter presents a comprehensive and informative overview of the diverse applications of molecular docking in biotechnology,
providing an essential resource for researchers in the field.
Human Diseases and Recent Biotechnology Breakthroughs in Curbing Diseases
Authors: Villagómez-Guzmán Ana K. , Valencia Quiroz Israel
Published: March 2024

Medical biotechnology represents a field in continuous progress and today has revolutionized how illnesses are diagnosed and treated. A look at the latest medical biotechnological breakthroughs shows how biotechnology innovations are changing medicine. Recently, we saw how biotechnology affected efforts to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the world's health. The scientific community has been working assiduously to develop effective treatments for the prevention and management of other diseases, such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, along with other dementia variants that stand out among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. This effort has recently resulted in the development of RNA vaccines. Some of the most promising biotechnological developments include gene therapy to alter an individual's genetic makeup through diverse techniques, immunotherapeutic methods that bolster the body's natural immune defense mechanisms, and precision medicine strategies in which treatment is personalized to a patient's genetic profile. This chapter provides an overview of the most prevalent and deadly human diseases with a focus on recent biotechnological breakthroughs.
O (o)caso da estátua "Borba Gato"
Authors: Wermuth Maiquel Ângelo Dezordi , Da Rocha Álvaro Filipe Oxley , Santos Souza Kleyton
Published: March 2024

O artigo analisa atos de protesto contemporâneos que se voltam contra patrimônios culturais públicos para sensibilizar a população a respeito de determinados temas, como racismo, desigualdade estrutural, etc, estimulando o pensamento crítico acerca da necessidade de manutenção desses símbolos. O caso “Borba Gato”, ocorrido em São Paulo, é escolhido para dar sustentação à abordagem. Em um primeiro momento, discute-se a proteção penal ao patrimônio cultural no Brasil à luz da Constituição Federal e da legislação infraconstitucional. Em um segundo momento, apresenta-se o caso “Borba Gato” e as respostas institucionais aos responsáveis pelo protesto que ocasionou o incêndio da estátua do bandeirante, evidenciando-se as contribuições da Criminologia Cultural para uma compreensão de aspectos que passam despercebidos desde um enfoque punitivo “tradicional” dessas manifestações. Entende-se que, por meio da análise do caso escolhido pelas lentes da criminologia cultural, torna-se possível compreender a contínua geração de significados que surgem a partir destes eventos: regras são criadas ou quebradas, em uma constante interação entre iniciativas moralizantes, inovação moral e transgressão.
A participação e as reivindicações indígenas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (1987-1988)
Authors: Lima Jairo , Domingos Fonseca Andrei , De Moura Alves Evangelista Lucas
Published: March 2024

A pesquisa tem como temática a participação dos indígenas e as reivindicações sobre seus direitos durante o processo constituinte brasileiro de 1987-1988. A partir disso, tem-se como problema de pesquisa: de que maneira as principais reivindicações sobre direitos indígenas foram apresentadas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). Para responder essa questão, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental a partir da análise dos anais da ANC relativos à Subcomissão dos Negros, Populações Indígenas, Pessoas Deficientes e Minorias e Comissão da Ordem Social. A discussão dos resultados desse levantamento foi apresentada em duas chaves-conceituais. A primeira delas enfatizando a participação dos próprios indígenas na ANC (política de presença) e a segunda por meio das contribuições de apoiadores dos indígenas (política de ideias). Os resultados evidenciaram que a conjunção dessas duas articulações proporcionou diversas conquistas de direitos indígenas na Constituição Federal. Todavia, existe ainda uma continuidade na violação de direitos desses povos denotando a permanência das mobilizações indígenas.
Effect of the Implementation of a Multiple-Behavior Self-Monitoring Intervention on Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Ko Jisook , Wang Jing , Mbue Ngozi , Schembre Susan , Cron Stanley
Published: March 2024

Background

An electronic diary embedded in a mobile device to monitor lifestyle can be as effective as traditional methods. However, the efficacy of self-monitoring multiple behaviors for dietary intake has not been well studied in people with diabetes.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effect of using technology-assisted self-monitoring versus paper diaries on changes in dietary intake.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 39 people with type 2 diabetes as part of a 3-month pilot clinical trial. Changes in energy intake and the contribution of total fat intake and total carbohydrate intake to total calories (%) from baseline to after intervention (3 months) were evaluated.

Results

In total, 26 (67%) of the 39 participants preferred mobile diaries over paper diaries. Participants in the mobile diary group showed slightly higher self-monitoring adherence. Linear mixed modeling results indicated a significant overall decrease in total energy intake (P=.005), dietary fat intake (P=.01), and carbohydrate intake (P=.08) from baseline to 3 months. No significant group differences were detected (P>.05).

Conclusions

The implementation of a 3-month, multiple-behavior, self-monitoring intervention in Diabetes Self-Management Education programs has resulted in successful reduction in dietary intake (energy, fat, and carbohydrate), whichever self-monitoring method is chosen by participants according to their preferences. Long-term studies are needed to confirm our findings on dietary intake and examine other behavioral and disease outcomes that require monitoring.