bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wie viel Reichtum verhindern Vermögenssteuern?
Authors: Mündlein Tabea
Published: May 2024

Der Reichtum eines Landes besteht im Wert der Produktionsanlagen, welche die Unternehmen betreiben, und der Immobilien mit dem Boden, welche Haushalte und Unternehmen nutzen. Auch der Staat häuft Vermögen in Form von öffentlicher Infrastruktur an, die alle nutzen. Angesichts der Konzentration der Finanz- und Immobilienvermögen bei den Reichsten stehen Vermögenssteuern zunehmend im Brennpunkt der Diskussion, um die Ungleichheit zu mindern. Die Vermögenssteuern zahlen die Reichen, denn nur bei ihnen ist das Vermögen konzentriert. Doch was sind die Konsequenzen? Wie viel Vermögen verhindern die Vermögenssteuern?
Autophagy initiation triggers p150Glued–AP-2β interaction on the lysosomes and facilitates their transport
Authors: Tempes Aleksandra , Bogusz Karolina , Brzozowska Agnieszka , Weslawski Jan , Macias Matylda , Tkaczyk Oliver , Orzoł Katarzyna , Lew Aleksandra , Calka-Kresa Malgorzata , Bernas Tytus , Szczepankiewicz Andrzej A. , Mlostek Magdalena , Kumari Shiwani , Liszewska Ewa , Machnicka Katarzyna , Bakun Magdalena , Rubel Tymon , Malik Anna R. , Jaworski Jacek
Published: May 2024

The endocytic adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex binds dynactin as part of its noncanonical function, which is necessary for dynein-driven autophagosome transport along microtubules in neuronal axons. The absence of this AP-2-dependent transport causes neuronal morphology simplification and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms that lead to formation of the AP-2-dynactin complex have not been studied to date. However, the inhibition of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) enhances the transport of newly formed autophagosomes by influencing the biogenesis and protein interactions of Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), another dynein cargo adaptor. We tested effects of mTORC1 inhibition on interactions between the AP-2 and dynactin complexes, with a focus on their two essential subunits, AP-2β and p150Glued. We found that the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin enhanced p150Glued–AP-2β complex formation in both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Additional analysis revealed that the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction was indirect and required integrity of the dynactin complex. In non-neuronal cells rapamycin-driven enhancement of the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction also required the presence of cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP-170), the activation of autophagy, and an undisturbed endolysosomal system. The rapamycin-dependent p150Glued–AP-2β interaction occurred on lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp-1)-positive organelles but without the need for autolysosome formation. Rapamycin treatment also increased the acidification and number of acidic organelles and increased speed of the long-distance retrograde movement of Lamp-1-positive organelles. Altogether, our results indicate that autophagy regulates the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction, possibly to coordinate sufficient motor-adaptor complex availability for effective lysosome transport.
Group-Invariant Max Filtering
Authors: Cahill Jameson , Iverson Joseph W. , Mixon Dustin G. , Packer Daniel
Published: May 2024

Given a real inner product spaceVand a groupGof linear isometries, we construct a family ofG-invariant real-valued functions onVthat we callmax filters. In the case where$$V={\mathbb {R}}^d$$V=RdandGis finite, a suitable max filter bank separates orbits, and is even bilipschitz in the quotient metric. In the case where$$V=L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$V=L2(Rd)andGis the group of translation operators, a max filter exhibits stability to diffeomorphic distortion like that of the scattering transform introduced by Mallat. We establish that max filters are well suited for various classification tasks, both in theory and in practice.
Gynecologic Oncology Needs for Trans-Masculine and Trans Feminine Persons
Authors: Rimel B. J. , Murphy Luke
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the Review

Persons with gender identity that is not congruent with their sex assigned at birth have unique needs in relationship to gynecologic malignancy screening and treatment. Providers of gynecologic oncology care require knowledge of these specific concerns and inclusive practices to avoid under screening and offer evidence-based treatments. This review seeks to collate data on the most common clinical situations gynecologic oncology providers encounter.

Recent Findings

Transmasculine persons who have a cervix need access to appropriate prevention and screening for cervical cancer but may face obstacles to obtaining this care. Transfeminine persons may develop HPV infection of the neovagina but cancer development rare and prevention is largely unknown. Abnormal uterine bleeding in transmasculine persons either taking gender affirming hormone therapy or not can present a diagnostic challenge which requires careful consideration to rule out malignancy. Concerns about testosterone use and the relationship of androgen receptor to ovarian cancer progression have been raised but conclusive data is lacking. There are no effective strategies for ovarian cancer screening and unnecessary exams should be avoided.

Large population based studies are needed to develop evidence based HPV screening guidelines that align with reproductive organ inventories, rather than gender or simply sex assigned at birth. HPV vaccination, utilization of HPV self swab in those for whom pelvic examination is dysphoric and careful evaluation of neovaginal tissue are first steps in reducing HPV related cancer burden. In addition, providers need to carefully evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding in transmasculine persons in gender inclusive ways to adequately detect endometrial pathology. Androgen receptor presence on ovarian cancer remains a biologic concern for transmasculine persons on gender affirming hormone therapy but risk of ovarian cancer appears small. Further long term studies of testosterone hormone therapy in this population are needed.
Effect of various geopolymerization parameters on poor quality Afşin-Elbistan fly ash-based geopolymer concretes with ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Sevinç Ahmet Hayrullah , Durgun Muhammed Yasin
Published: May 2024

The utilization of Afşin-Elbistan fly ash (FA), which cannot be used in cement and concrete industry in production of geopolymers, has been studied with some preliminary trials. In this study, FA of Afşin-Elbistan thermal power plant, which does not fit any of FA classes according to ASTM C 618, was used as a geopolymer binder raw material. The main motivation of the study is to investigate the partial usability of this type of FA, which is not sufficient on its own and creates a large amount of waste, as a geopolymer raw material. FA was replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by the ratios of 25% and 50% (by weights) in order to develop the properties of geopolymer concrete. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) (10 and 14 M) were used as activators. Three different activator to binder ratios (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65) and three SS/SH ratios (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5) were chosen. Unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed for 28 and 60 days. In order to investigate the microstructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. As a result, GGBFS incorporation enhanced the properties of Afşin-Elbistan FA-based geopolymer concrete. With the increase of GGBFS content, the compressive strength values increased. The highest strengths were obtained from 50% GGBFS groups. The results revealed that Afşin-Elbistan FA (AEFA), which has the highest waste reserve among the thermal power plant fly ashes in Turkey, could be evaluated as partial geopolymer raw material.

Graphical abstract
Cross-Education of Muscular Endurance: A Scoping Review
Authors: Song Jun Seob , Yamada Yujiro , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B. , Kang Anna , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: May 2024

Background

It is well established that performing unilateral resistance training can increase muscle strength not only in the trained limb but also in the contralateral untrained limb, which is widely known as the cross-education of strength. However, less attention has been paid to the question of whether performing unilateral resistance training can induce cross-education of muscular endurance, despite its significant role in both athletic performance and activities of daily living.

Objectives

The objectives of this scoping review were to provide an overview of the existing literature on cross-education of muscular endurance, as well as discuss its potential underlying mechanisms and offer considerations for future research.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted on the effects of unilateral resistance training on changes in muscular endurance in the contralateral untrained limb. This scoping review was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus.

Results

A total of 2000 articles were screened and 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the 21 included studies, eight studies examined the cross-education of endurance via absolute (n = 6) or relative (n = 2) muscular endurance test, while five studies did not clearly indicate whether they examined absolute or relative muscular endurance. The remaining eight studies examined different types of muscular endurance measurements (e.g., time to task failure, total work, and fatigue index).

Conclusion

The current body of the literature does not provide sufficient evidence to draw clear conclusions on whether the cross-education of muscular endurance is present. The cross-education of muscular endurance (if it exists) may be potentially driven by neural adaptations (via bilateral access and/or cross-activation models that lead to cross-education of strength) and increased tolerance to exercise-induced discomfort. However, the limited number of available randomized controlled trials and the lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms provide a rationale for future research.
A schedule for tapering glucocorticoid treatment in patients with severe SARS-CoV 2 infection can prevent acute adrenal insufficiency in the geriatric population
Authors: Tizianel Irene , Ruggiero Elena , Torchio Marianna , Simonato Matteo , Seresin Chiara , Bigolin Francesco , Botta Ilaria Pivetta , Bano Giulia , Lo Storto Mario Rosario , Scaroni Carla , Ceccato Filippo
Published: May 2024

Objective and design

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in symptomatic patients for the treatment of COVID-19. The risk for adrenal insufficiency must be considered after GC withdrawal given that it is a life-threatening condition if left unrecognized and untreated. Our study aimed to diagnose adrenal insufficiency early on through a GC reduction schedule in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Patients and measurements

From November 2021 to May 2022, 233 patients were admitted to the Geriatric Division of the University Hospital of Padova with COVID-19 infection. A total of 122 patients were treated with dexamethasone, after which the GC tapering was performed according to a structured schedule. It consists of step-by-step GC tapering with prednisone, from 25 mg to 2.5 mg over 2 weeks. Morning serum sodium, potassium, and cortisol levels were assessed 3 days after the last dose of prednisone.

Results

At the end of GC withdrawal, no adrenal crisis or signs/symptoms of acute adrenal insufficiency were reported. Median serum cortisol, sodium, and potassium levels after GC discontinuation were, respectively, 427 nmol/L, 140 nmol/L, and 4 nmol/L (interquartile range 395–479, 138–142, and 3.7–4.3). A morning serum cortisol level below the selected threshold of 270 nmol/L was observed in two asymptomatic cases (respectively, 173 and 239 nmol/L, reference range 138–690 nmol/L). Mild hyponatremia (serum sodium 132 to 134 nmol/L, reference range 135–145 nmol/L) was detected in five patients, without being related to cortisol levels.

Conclusions

A structured schedule for the tapering of GC treatment used in patients with severe COVID-19 can reduce the risk of adrenal crisis and acute adrenal insufficiency.
Democracy, Theatre and Performance
Authors: Wiles David
Published: May 2024

Democracy, argues David Wiles, is actually a form of theatre. In making his case, the author deftly investigates orators at the foundational moments of ancient and modern democracy, demonstrating how their performative skills were used to try to create a better world. People often complain about demagogues, or wish that politicians might be more sincere. But to do good, politicians (paradoxically) must be hypocrites - or actors. Moving from Athens to Indian independence via three great revolutions – in Puritan England, republican France and liberal America – the book opens up larger questions about the nature of democracy. When in the classical past Plato condemned rhetoric, the only alternative he could offer was authoritarianism. Wiles' bold historical study has profound implications for our present: calls for personal authenticity, he suggests, are not an effective way to counter the rise of populism.
International Organizations
Authors: Hurd Ian
Published: May 2024

International organizations are increasingly important to global politics, law, and culture. Now in its fifth edition, this leading textbook provides the definitive introduction to modern international organizations by examining a dozen prominent global institutions. With a mix of legal, empirical, and theoretical approaches, the author examines timely cases where IOs are in the headlines today including on migration, Brexit, trade wars, and border disputes. This new edition is fully revised and updated, featuring new chapters on how global sports are organized by FIFA and the International Olympic Committee. The book explains the power and limits of international organizations by seeing how their legal authority interacts with politics in real-world controversies. It will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in international organizations, international institutions, global governance, and international law.
Improving shared decision-making around antimicrobial-prescribing during the end-of-life period: a qualitative study of Veterans, their support caregivers and their providers
Authors: Goedken Cassie Cunningham , Balkenende Erin , Livorsi Daniel , Giannitrapani Karleen , McCaa Matthew , Clore Gosia , Goto Michihiko , Marra Alexandre R. , Perencevich Eli N.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Antimicrobials are frequently used for palliation during end-of-life care, but adverse effects, such as antimicrobial resistance, are a concern. Shared decision-making is beneficial in end-of-life care conversations to help align antimicrobial-prescribing with patient preferences. However, there is limited data regarding optimal incorporation of antimicrobial-prescribing discussions into shared decision-making conversations. We explored healthcare provider, patient, and support caregiver (eg, family member/friend) perceptions of barriers and facilitators to discussing antimicrobial-prescribing during the end-of-life period.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Participants:

Healthcare providers; palliative care/hospice care patients/caregivers.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews on shared attitudes/beliefs about antimicrobial-prescribing during end-of-life patient care at one acute-care and one long-term-care facility. Interviews were analyzed for thematic content.

Results:

Fifteen providers and 13 patients/caregivers completed interviews. Providers recognized the potential benefit of leveraging shared decision-making to guide antimicrobial-prescribing decisions. Barriers included limited face-to-face time with the patient and uncertainty of end-of-life prognosis. Patients/caregivers cited trust, comprehension, and feeling heard as important characteristics which act as facilitators in fostering effective shared decision-making around antimicrobial use. Communication in which providers ensure patients are involved in shared decision-making discussions could be increased to ensure patients and their providers develop a mutually agreeable care plan.

Conclusions:

Shared decision-making is a practice that can guide antimicrobial-prescribing decisions during end-of-life care, thus potentially minimizing antimicrobial-related adverse effects. Our findings highlight opportunities for increased shared decision-making around antimicrobial use during end-of-life care. Interventions designed to address the identified barriers to shared decision-making have the potential to improve antimicrobial-prescribing practices at end-of-life.
The impact of direct inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles on ascites culture positivity
Authors: Brehm Tyler , Lasco Todd , Al Mohajer Mayar
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Assess whether direct inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles would improve ascites culture yield.

Design:

Pre-post-study.

Setting:

The study was performed at a quaternary academic medical center in Houston, Texas, including all inpatient and emergency department encounters.

Patients:

Ascites cultures collected from November 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed and screened for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients were excluded if a prior ascites culture from the same patient was already included in the study or if there was evidence of secondary bacterial peritonitis.

Intervention:

In the pre-intervention period, ascites cultures were collected into a sterile container and inoculated onto/into solid and liquid media. In the post-intervention period, ascites cultures were instead directly inoculated into bioMérieux© blood culture bottles at the bedside.

Results:

114 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 pre-intervention and 53 post-intervention. Overall ascites culture positivity was 15.8% (18/114), 11.5% (7/61) pre-intervention vs 20.8% (11/53) post-intervention. After adjusting for confounders, the intervention had a trend toward a significant effect on ascites culture positivity (P = 0.077). No significant differences were seen in time to positivity, hospital length of stay, or 30-day readmission.

Conclusions:

Direct inoculation of ascitic fluid into blood culture bottles led to a small increase in culture yield but lacked statistical significance. This lack of significance may be due to the study being underpowered. Further studies are required to investigate if this is due to procedural inefficiencies (eg, inadequate inoculation volumes) or pragmatic clinical practice considerations (ie, high rates of pre-culture antibiotics).
Synthetic Replacements for Human Survey Data? The Perils of Large Language Models
Authors: Bisbee James , Clinton Joshua D. , Dorff Cassy , Kenkel Brenton , Larson Jennifer M.
Published: May 2024

Large language models (LLMs) offer new research possibilities for social scientists, but their potential as “synthetic data” is still largely unknown. In this paper, we investigate how accurately the popular LLM ChatGPT can recover public opinion, prompting the LLM to adopt different “personas” and then provide feeling thermometer scores for 11 sociopolitical groups. The average scores generated by ChatGPT correspond closely to the averages in our baseline survey, the 2016–2020 American National Election Study (ANES). Nevertheless, sampling by ChatGPT is not reliable for statistical inference: there is less variation in responses than in the real surveys, and regression coefficients often differ significantly from equivalent estimates obtained using ANES data. We also document how the distribution of synthetic responses varies with minor changes in prompt wording, and we show how the same prompt yields significantly different results over a 3-month period. Altogether, our findings raise serious concerns about the quality, reliability, and reproducibility of synthetic survey data generated by LLMs.
Generalizing toward Nonrespondents: Effect Estimates in Survey Experiments Are Broadly Similar for Eager and Reluctant Participants
Authors: Moniz Philip , Ramirez-Perez Rodrigo , Hartman Erin , Jessee Stephen
Published: May 2024

Survey experiments on probability samples are a popular method for investigating population-level causal questions due to their strong internal validity. However, lower survey response rates and an increased reliance on online convenience samples raise questions about the generalizability of survey experiments. We examine this concern using data from a collection of 50 survey experiments which represent a wide range of social science studies. Recruitment for these studies employed a unique double sampling strategy that first obtains a sample of “eager” respondents and then employs much more aggressive recruitment methods with the goal of adding “reluctant” respondents to the sample in a second sampling wave. This approach substantially increases the number of reluctant respondents who participate and also allows for straightforward categorization of eager and reluctant survey respondents within each sample. We find no evidence that treatment effects for eager and reluctant respondents differ substantially. Within demographic categories often used for weighting surveys, there is also little evidence of response heterogeneity between eager and reluctant respondents. Our results suggest that social science findings based on survey experiments, even in the modern era of very low response rates, provide reasonable estimates of population average treatment effects among a deeper pool of survey respondents in a wide range of settings.
Sakiru Adebayo’s Continuous Pasts and the Challenge of Postcolonizing Memory Studies: Three Musings
Authors: Onah Chijioke K.
Published: May 2024

This article offers three musings on Sakiru Adebayo’s Continuous Pasts: Frictions of Memory in Postcolonial Africa, focusing specifically on the challenges and prospects of centering African histories, cultures, and epistemologies in mainstream memory studies. Through a reading of Continuous Pasts, the article contests the marginality of African and Afrodiasporic memory cultures in memory studies, and makes a case for the affordances of “ancestral memory” in articulating a uniquely African and global Black diasporic memory practice.
CORPORATE CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE OECD GUIDELINES FOR MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Aristova Ekaterina , Higham Catherine , Higham Ian , Setzer Joana
Published: May 2024

In 2023, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched an updated version of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct. The changes represent substantial and potentially far-reaching implications for business, particularly in the areas of climate change and biodiversity. This article examines the 14 climate-related complaints filed under the Guidelines prior to the adoption of the 2023 Update, showing how many of these cases illustrate the potential interlinkages between the human rights and climate change dimensions of the Guidelines. The article then discusses how the updated provisions may influence future complaints concerning climate change. Based on this analysis, the article concludes that the Guidelines could have been strengthened by the explicit integration of climate change into the scope of corporate human rights responsibilities under the Guidelines.
Offline Correction of CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulated Surface Solar Irradiance With 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Radiative Effects
Authors: Gu Chunlei , Huang Anning , Li Xin , Wu Yang
Published: May 2024

The surface solar irradiance (SSI) is crucial for the land‐atmosphere processes and remarkably affected by the topography over the rugged areas. However, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP models adopting the parallel‐plane radiative scheme without considering the sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effects (3DSTSRE) overestimate the SSI in the rugged areas and the overestimation increases with the sub‐grid terrain complexity. To reduce the biases of the SSI simulations, this study offline corrects the SSI simulations of CMIP6 HighResMIP models by a 3DSTSRE scheme. Results show that the SSI biases produced by the HighResMIP models in the rugged regions can be significantly reduced by adopting the 3DSTSRE offline correction, and the improvements increase with the sub‐grid terrain complexity, indicating that considering the 3DSTSRE in the climate models to improve the SSI simulations over rugged areas is necessary.
Global Multiproxy ENSO Reconstruction Over the Past Millennium
Authors: Liu Yujia , Man Wenmin , Zhou Tianjun , Zuo Meng
Published: May 2024

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual climate variability that affects climate and society across the world. However, our understanding of ENSO variability is currently lacking due to short instrumental observations, which limit our confidence in predicting its future occurrence and impact. In this study, we use the nested principal component regression method to reconstruct the ENSO index based on a global‐scale proxy network of stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O). We account for the teleconnection changes that influence proxy records corresponding to different ENSO phases by using the isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. According to the precipitation δ18O–ENSO relationship, we reconstruct the ENSO index over the last eight hundred years based on the first two leading modes of the selected proxy records. The skill of ENSO reconstruction improves with an increased number of δ18O series distributed over the ENSO‐affected regions. Our new reconstruction shows high consistency with existing ENSO reconstructions during periods of strong ENSO variability, indicating that the global proxy records capture enhanced teleconnection signals during the phase of strong ENSO amplitude. There is a weak El Niño response 1 year after the large volcanic eruptions in our reconstruction, and the amplitude of ENSO is significantly correlated with volcanic intensity. The strengthened energetic interactions between the ocean and atmosphere following large volcanic eruptions result in enhanced sea surface temperature variability.
Predicting Barrier Island Shrub Presence Using Remote Sensing Products and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Franklin Benton , Moore Laura J. , Zinnert Julie C.
Published: May 2024

Barrier islands are highly dynamic coastal landforms that are economically, ecologically, and societally important. Woody vegetation located within barrier island interiors can alter patterns of overwash, leading to periods of periodic‐barrier island retreat. Due to the interplay between island interior vegetation and patterns of barrier island migration, it is critical to better understand the factors controlling the presence of woody vegetation on barrier islands. To provide new insight into this topic, we use remote sensing data collected by LiDAR, LANDSAT, and aerial photography to measure shrub presence, coastal dune metrics, and island characteristics (e.g., beach width, island width) for an undeveloped mixed‐energy barrier island system in Virginia along the US mid‐Atlantic coast. We apply decision tree and random forest machine learning methods to identify new empirical relationships between island geomorphology and shrub presence. We find that shrubs are highly likely (90% likelihood) to be present in areas where dune elevations are above ∼1.9 m and island interior widths are greater than ∼160 m and that shrubs are unlikely (10% likelihood) to be present in areas where island interior widths are less than ∼160 m regardless of dune elevation. Our machine learning predictions are 90% accurate for the Virginia Barrier Islands, with almost half of our incorrect predictions (5% of total transects) being attributable to system hysteresis; shrubs require time to adapt to changing conditions and therefore their growth and removal lags changes in island geomorphology, which can occur more rapidly.
Application of Wide‐Beam Transmission for Advanced Operations of SuperDARN Borealis Radars in Monostatic and Multistatic Modes
Authors: Rohel R. A. , Ponomarenko P. , McWilliams K. A.
Published: May 2024

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) consists of more than 30 monostatic high‐frequency (HF, 8–20 MHz) radars to study dynamic processes in the ionosphere. SuperDARN provides maps of global‐scale ionospheric plasma drift circulation from the mid‐latitudes to the poles. The conventional SuperDARN radars consecutively scan through 16 beam directions with a lower limit of 1 minute to sample the entire field of view. In this work, we use the advanced capabilities of the recently developed Borealis digital SuperDARN radar system. Combining a wide transmission beam with multiple narrow reception beams allows us to sample all conventional beam directions simultaneously and to speed up scanning of the entire field‐of‐view by up to 16 times without noticeable deterioration of the data quality. The wide‐beam emission also enabled the implementation of multistatic operations, where ionospheric scatter signals from one radar are received by other radars with overlapping viewing areas. These novel operations required the development of a new model to determine the geographic location of the source of the multistatic radar echoes. Our preliminary studies showed that, in comparison with the conventional monostatic operations, the multistatic operations provide a significant increase in geographic coverage, in some cases nearly doubling it. The multistatic data also provide additional velocity vector components, increasing the likelihood of reconstructing full plasma drift velocity vectors. The developed operational modes can be readily implemented at other fully digital SuperDARN radars.
Relating Ocean Biogeochemistry and Low‐Level Cloud Properties Over the Southern Oceans
Authors: Bazantay C. , Jourdan O. , Mioche G. , Uitz J. , Dziduch A. , Delanoë J. , Cazenave Q. , Sauzède R. , Protat A. , Sellegri K.
Published: May 2024

There is growing evidence that marine microorganisms may influence cloud cover over the ocean through their impact on sea spray and trace gas emissions, further forming cloud droplets or ice crystals. However, evidence of a robust causal relationship based on observations is still pending. In this study, we use 4 years of multi‐instrument satellite data to segregate low‐level clouds into ice‐containing and liquid‐water clouds to obtain clear relationships between cloud types and ocean biological tracers, especially with nanophytoplankton cell abundances. Results suggest that microorganisms may be involved in compensating effects on cloud properties, increasing the frequency of occurrence of warm‐liquid clouds, and decreasing the occurrence of ice‐containing clouds in most regions during springtime. The relationships observed in most regions do not apply to the South Pacific Ocean in the 40°S–50°S latitude band. These results shed light on overlooked potential compensating effects of ocean microorganisms on cloud cover.
An aggregated dataset of serial morbidity and titer measurements from influenza A virus-infected ferrets
Authors: Kieran Troy J. , Sun Xiangjie , Creager Hannah M. , Tumpey Terrence M. , Maines Taronna R. , Belser Jessica A.
Published: May 2024

Data from influenza A virus (IAV) infected ferrets provides invaluable information towards the study of novel and emerging viruses that pose a threat to human health. This gold standard model can recapitulate many clinical signs of infection present in IAV-infected humans, support virus replication of human, avian, swine, and other zoonotic strains without prior adaptation, and permit evaluation of virus transmissibility by multiple modes. While ferrets have been employed in risk assessment settings for >20 years, results from this work are typically reported in discrete stand-alone publications, making aggregation of raw data from this work over time nearly impossible. Here, we describe a dataset of 728 ferrets inoculated with 126 unique IAV, conducted by a single research group under a uniform experimental protocol. This collection of morbidity, mortality, and viral titer data represents the largest publicly available dataset to date of in vivo-generated IAV infection outcomes on a per-ferret level.
Evaluating the spatial accessibility and spatial layout optimization of HIV/AIDS healthcare services in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yan Yujie , Zhu Xiaoyan , Li Ling , Li Yajun , Wang Guoyong , He Fenfen , Song Yining , Liu Yunxia , Zhang Na
Published: May 2024

Improving access to HIV/AIDS healthcare services is of great concern to government and policymakers striving to strengthen overall public health. How to reasonably allocate HIV/AIDS healthcare resources and maximize the equality of access to healthcare services across subdistrict areas has become an urgent problem to be solved. However, there is limited research on this topic in China. It is necessary to evaluate spatial accessibility to improve the accessibility and equity of HIV/AIDS healthcare services. In this study, the improved multi-modal two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) and inverted 2SFCA (i2SFCA) methods are used to measure the spatial accessibility of HIV/AIDS healthcare services and the crowdedness of the healthcare sites in Shandong Province, China. Then, the theoretical supply and the optimal spatial distribution of resources are calculated and visualized by minimizing the accessibility gaps between demand locations. This study showed that the spatial accessibility of HIV/AIDS service resources in Shandong Province was concentrated and unevenly distributed, and the accessibility scores in the marginal areas of prefecture-level cities were significantly lower than those in other areas. Regions with a large number of doctors had significantly higher levels of spatial accessibility. The ART accessibility scores in the southwest of Shandong Province were higher than those in other regions. As the travel friction coefficient increased, the accessibility scores formed an approximately circular cluster distribution centered on the healthcare sites in geographical distribution. More ART drugs needed to be supplied in marginal areas and more doctors were needed to work on HIV/AIDS in urban areas to address the spatial distribution imbalance of HIV/AIDS healthcare services. This study profoundly analyzed the spatial accessibility of HIV/AIDS healthcare services and provided essential references for decision-makers. In addition, it gives a significant exploration for achieving the goal of equal access to HIV/AIDS healthcare services in the future.
A population-based study on incidence trends of kidney and renal pelvis cancers in the United States over 2000–2020
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Najafi Morvarid , Aslani Armin , Fazlollahi Asra , Yekta Zahra , Sadri Mohammad , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
Published: May 2024

Cancers of the kidney and renal pelvis are among the most prevalent types of urinary cancers. We aimed to outline the incidence trends of kidney and renal pelvis cancers by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and histology in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2020. The data was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 22 database. The identification of patients with kidney and renal pelvis cancers with morphologies of renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor was conducted utilizing the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3. The average annual percent change (AAPC) were presented. All estimates were given in the form of counts and delayed age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 people. From 2000 to 2019, a total of 490,481 cases of kidney and renal pelvic cancer were recorded across all age groups in the US. The majority of them were among Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) (69.75%) and those aged 55–69 years (39.96%). The ASIRs per 100,000 for kidney and pelvis cancers were 22.03 for men and 11.14 for women. Non-Hispanic Black men had the highest ASIR (24.53 [24.24, 24.81]), and increase in ASIR over the 2000–2019 period (AAPC: 2.19% [1.84, 2.84]). There was a noticeable increase in incidence of kidney and renal pelvis cancers. Individuals aged 70–84 years had the highest ASIR for kidney and renal pelvis cancers. The COVID-19 era has resulted in a significant reduction in incidence rates across all demographics.
Data mining and safety analysis of avatrombopag: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the US food and drug administration’s adverse event reporting system
Authors: Zhu Hong , Wu Meng
Published: May 2024

With its increasing use in the treatment of thrombocytopenia, avatrombopag’s associated adverse events (AEs) pose a major challenge to its clinical application. This study aims to comprehensively study AEs associated with avatrombopag by using real-world evidence. We curated AE reports for avatrombopag from the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2023 in the US Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. AEs were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities of Preferred Terms and System Organ Classes. The reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item Gamma-Poisson Shrinker were used to investigate the relationship between avatrombopag and AE reports. Among 9,060,312 reported cases in the FAERS database, 1211 reports listed avatrombopag as “primary suspected” drug. Disproportionality analysis identified 44 preferred terms across 17 organ systems met the criteria for at least one of the four algorithms. The most commonly reported AEs were platelet count decreased (20.2%), headache (16.7%), platelet count increased (11.9%), platelet count abnormal (6.3%), contusion (2.7%), pulmonary embolism (2.3%), and deep vein thrombosis (2.1%). Unexpected AEs such as seasonal allergy, rhinorrhea, antiphospholipid syndrome, ear discomfort, and photopsia were also observed. Excluding the other serious outcomes, hospitalization (34.6%) was the most frequently reported serious outcome, followed by death (15.4%). Most reported AEs occurred within the first 2 days of initiating avatrombopag therapy, and the median onset time was 60 days. We identified new and unexpected AEs with clinical use of avatrombopag, and our results may provide valuable information for clinical monitoring and identifying risks associated with avatrombopag.
Association of OPRM1 rs1799971, HTR1B rs6296 and COMT rs4680 polymorphisms with clinical phenotype among women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Ambite-Quesada Silvia , Fernández-Méndez Luis M. , Jiménez-Antona Carmen , Gómez-Calero Cristina , Pocinho Ricardo , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Cigarán-Méndez Margarita , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: May 2024

To investigate the association between three selected pain polymorphisms and clinical, functional, sensory-related, psychophysical, psychological or cognitive variables in a sample of women with fibromyalgia (FMS). One hundred twenty-three (n = 123) women with FMS completed demographic (age, height, weight), clinical (years with pain, intensity of pain at rest and during daily living activities), functional (quality of life, physical function), sensory-related (sensitization-associated and neuropathic-associated symptoms), psychophysical (pressure pain thresholds), psychological (sleep quality, depressive and anxiety level) and cognitive (pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia) variables. Those three genotypes of the OPRM1 rs1799971, HTR1B rs6296 and COMT rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained by polymerase chain reactions from no-stimulated whole saliva collection. No significant differences in demographic, clinical, functional, sensory-related, psychophysical, psychological and cognitive variables according to OPRM1 rs1799971, HTR1B rs6296 or COMT rs4680 genotype were identified in our sample of women with FMS. A multilevel analysis did not either reveal any significant gene-to-gene interaction between OPRM1 rs1799971 x HTR1B rs6296, OPRM1 rs1799971 x COMT rs4680 and HTR1B rs6296 x COMT rs4680 for any of the investigated outcomes. This study revealed that three single nucleotide polymorphisms, OPRM1 rs1799971, HTR1B rs6296 or COMT rs4680, mostly associated with chronic pain were not involved in phenotyping features of FMS. Potential gene-to-gene interaction and their association with clinical phenotype in women with FMS should be further investigated in future studies including large sample sizes.
Facile fabrication of sulfonated porous yeast carbon microspheres through a hydrothermal method and their application for the removal of cationic dye
Authors: Chenxi Yang , Haiou Zhang , Jian Wang , Yingguo Wang
Published: May 2024

Water pollution containing dyes become increasingly serious environmental problem with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization process. Renewable adsorbents for cationic dye wastewater treatment are becoming an obstacle because of the difficulty of desorbing the dye from the adsorbent surface after adsorption. To overcome this dilemma, herein, we report a hydrothermal method to fabricate sulfonic acid modified yeast carbon microspheres (SA/YCM). Different characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to test the SA/YCM. Decorated with sulfonic acid group, the modified yeast carbon microspheres possess excellent ability of adsorbing positively charged materials. The removal rate of Methyl blue (MB) by renewable adsorbent SA/YCM can reach 85.3% when the concentration is 500 mg/L. The SA/YCM regenerated by HCl showed excellent regeneration adsorption capacity (78.1%) after five cycles of adsorption–desorption regeneration experiment. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic behaviors of SA/YCM for methylene blue dyes removal were studied and fitted to different existing models. Owing to the numerous sulfonic acid groups on the surface, the SA/YCM showed prominent reusability after regeneration under acidic conditions, which could withstand repeated adsorption–desorption cycles as well as multiple practical applications.
Quantifying flattening distortion on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfers of Cu(i) photoredox catalysts
Authors: Sandoval-Pauker Christian , Molina-Aguirre Gabriela , Villagrán Dino , Pinter Balazs
Published: May 2024

Vertical electron transfer controls the thermodynamics of Cu(i) photoredox catalysis. Structural relaxation indirectly enhances metal-centered reductions by preventing flattening distortions destabilizing oxidized Cu(ii) species.
Enhancing enantioselectivity in chiral metal organic framework fluorescent sensors
Authors: Thoonen Shannon , Siripanich Pattara , Hua Lisa , Tay Hui Min , Ramkissoon Pria , Smith Trevor A. , Lessio Martina , Hua Carol
Published: May 2024

Zn(ii) chiral MOFs with BINOL and d-camphoric acid exhibit exceptional enantioselectivity as chiral fluorescence sensors.
A general mechanistic map of organocatalytic hydroboration of alkynes: polarity controlled switchable selective pathways
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Han Peilin , Hou Xiaoxiao , Ge Suxiang , Wei Donghui
Published: May 2024

A general mechanistic map for phosphine-catalyzed hydroboration of alkyne with HBpin involving multiple intermediates and competing pathways has been systematically studied by using density functional theory.
Template-free molten salt synthesis of pure and Sr-doped LaCrO3 1D nanorods with enhanced electrical transport properties
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Panchakarla Leela S. , Nagarkar Sanjog S.
Published: May 2024

Morphology control & doping are advantageous in material science. A new template-free molten salt synthesis route is developed for the synthesis of pure & Sr2+ doped LaCrO3 nanorods with high electrical conductivity, which are otherwise inaccessible.
Advanced lead-free double perovskites/silica hybrid nanocrystals for highly stable light-emitting diodes
Authors: Shi Jindou , Wang Zeyu , Xu Luxia , Wang Junnan , Da Zheyuan , Zhang Chen , Ji Yongqiang , Yao Qing , Xu Youlong , Gaponenko Nikolai V. , Tian Jinshou , Wang Minqiang
Published: May 2024

Cs2AgIn0.98Bi0.02Cl6@KIT-6 NCs were obtained by in situ assembly within KIT-6 mesoporous molecular sieves, and their fluorescence thermal stability was significantly improved benefiting from the protection of the KIT-6 shell layer.
Visualized real-time flexible high-temperature sensing in Eu3+/Tb3+-doped Y2Mo3O12 negative thermal expansion material films
Authors: Yan Shilei , Pi Dongming , Zi Yingzhu , Zhao Heping , Feng Rongbao , Ruan Keliang , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Huang Anjun , Liu Yue , Cun Yangke , Yang Zhengwen
Published: May 2024

Visualized real-time flexible high-temperature sensing in Eu3+/Tb3+-doped Y2Mo3O12 negative thermal expansion (NTE) thin films achieved multiple naked-eye color spans that depended on different energy transfer between Eu3+/Tb3+-doped NTE materials.
Advancing energy efficiency: Harnessing machine learning for smart grid management
Authors: Babanazarov N.Sh. , Matkarimov A.I. , Ilyasov I.S.
Published: May 2024

The concept of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a solution to address challenges in traditional power systems, including resource inefficiency, reliability issues, and instability. Since its inception in the early 21st century, Smart Grid technology has undergone significant development, integrating advanced information communication and automation technologies with conventional power infrastructure. This integration enhances efficiency, reliability, and sustainability, while enabling the integration of renewable energy sources and optimizing energy distribution and consumption. Machine learning algorithms play a pivotal role in the development of Smart Grids, facilitating energy consumption prediction, optimization, anomaly detection, and fault diagnosis. This paper explores methodologies for developing and improving machine learning algorithms for efficient energy consumption prediction and management within Smart Grids. It discusses the application of deep learning techniques, reinforcement learning, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance energy management systems. The study highlights the potential impact of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on energy consumption regulation and emphasizes the need for further research to address challenges associated with model complexity and data requirements in Smart Grid contexts.
Using machine learning for the optimisation of operations and management in electric systems and networks
Authors: Levin Semen
Published: May 2024

This research employs the Random Forest Machine Learning model to predict electricity consumption and detect anomalies in electrical networks. Addressing the energy sector’s challenges, such as supply reliability and renewable energy integration, this model processes historical electricity consumption data, weather conditions, and network events to efficiently forecast demand and identify anomalies. Data cleansing and normalisation preceded the training phase, where the model was fine-tuned using historical data to balance forecast accuracy and overfitting avoidance. The dataset was divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets for performance evaluation. Through cross-validation, optimal model hyperparameters were determined. The findings highlight the model’s efficacy in accurately predicting daily electricity consumption in a small, homogenous town. The model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 198.73 MWh and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9387. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed were identified as key influencing factors on consumption levels. Conclusively, the Random Forest model presents a valuable tool for energy management, offering precise consumption forecasting and anomaly detection capabilities. Future work will address computational demands and enhance model integration with other Machine Learning methods for improved performance. This contribution is significant for efficient energy system planning and operation.