bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Selection-corrected Luminosity Function and Total Pulse Count for Radio Transients
Authors: Dong Fengqiu Adam , Herrera-Martin Antonio , Stairs Ingrid , Craiu Radu V. , Crowter Kathryn , Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Fonseca Emmanuel , Good Deborah , Mckee James W. , Meyers Bradley W. , Pearlman Aaron B. , Stenning David C.
Published: August 2024

Studying transient phenomena, such as individual pulses from pulsars, has garnered considerable attention in the era of astronomical big data. Of specific interest to this study are rotating radio transients (RRATs), nulling, and intermittent pulsars. This study introduces a new algorithm named LuNfit, tailored to correct the selection biases originating from the telescope and detection pipelines. Ultimately LuNfit estimates the intrinsic luminosity distribution and nulling fraction of the single pulses emitted by pulsars. LuNfit relies on Bayesian nested sampling so that the parameter space can be fully explored. Bayesian nested sampling also provides the additional benefit of simplifying model comparisons through the Bayes ratio. The robustness of LuNfit is shown through simulations and applying LuNfit onto pulsars with known nulling fractions. LuNfit is then applied to three RRATs, J0012+5431, J1538+1523, and J2355+1523, extracting their intrinsic luminosity distribution and burst rates. We find that their nulling fractions are 0.4(2), 0.749(5), and 0.995(2), respectively. We further find that a log-normal distribution likely describes the single pulse luminosity distribution of J0012+5431 and J1538+1523, while the Bayes ratio for J2355+1523 slightly favors an exponential distribution. We show the conventional method of correcting selection effects by “scaling up” the missed fraction of radio transients can be unreliable when the mean luminosity of the source is faint relative to the telescope sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current implementation of LuNfit while also delving into potential enhancements that would enable LuNfit to be applied to sources with complex pulse morphologies.
Low-mass Globular Clusters from Stripped Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Gutcke Thales A.
Published: August 2024

The origin and formation of globular clusters (GCs) has remained a mystery. We present a formation scenario for ancient GC-like objects that form in ultrahigh-resolution simulations (smallest cell size < 0.1 pc, mass resolution M
cell = 4 M
⊙). The simulations are cosmological zoom-in simulations of dwarf galaxies within the stellar mass range 106−7
M
⊙ that match Local Group dwarf properties well. Our investigation reveals GCs hosting ancient stellar populations, characterized by a lack of dark matter (DM) in the present epoch. The clusters exhibit short, episodic star formation histories, occasionally marked by the presence of multiple stellar generations. The metallicity distributions show a widening, encompassing stars in the range of 10−4 < Z
⋆/Z
⊙ < 1. The presence of these objects is attributable to star formation occurring within low-mass DM halos (M
halo ≈ 106
M
⊙) during the early stages of the Universe, preceding reionization (z ≳ 7). As these clusters are accreted into dwarf galaxies, DM is preferentially subjected to tidal stripping, with an average accretion redshift of

z

¯

≈
5

.
Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Alfvénic Turbulence
Authors: Vega Cristian , Boldyrev Stanislav , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: August 2024

Strong magnetically dominated Alfvénic turbulence is an efficient engine of nonthermal particle acceleration in a relativistic collisionless plasma. We argue that in the limit of strong magnetization, the type of energy distribution attained by accelerated particles depends on the relative strengths of turbulent fluctuations δ
B
0 and the guide field B
0. If δ
B
0 ≪ B
0, the particle magnetic moments are conserved, and the acceleration is provided by magnetic curvature drifts. Curvature acceleration energizes particles in the direction parallel to the magnetic field lines, resulting in log-normal tails of particle energy distribution functions. Conversely, if δ
B
0 ≳ B
0, interactions of energetic particles with intense turbulent structures can scatter particles, creating a population with large pitch angles. In this case, magnetic mirror effects become important, and turbulent acceleration leads to power-law tails of the energy distribution functions.
Les entrepreneurs du secteur informel et la protection de l’innovation au Burkina Faso : entre impératif de rentabilité et valeurs d’altruisme
Authors: Kaboré Wendpanga Issa , Song-Naba Florent
Published: August 2024

Alors que la protection de la propriété intellectuelle est habituellement considérée comme un sujet clé pour l’entrepreneur innovateur, la recherche analyse le faible engouement des entrepreneurs du secteur informel pour la protection formelle de l’innovation. Les données ont été collectées par entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des entrepreneurs-innovateurs du secteur informel au Burkina Faso. Les résultats montrent que le scepticisme ambiant, en ce qui concerne la capacité des titres formels à éviter l’imitation, incite les entrepreneurs-innovateurs du secteur informel à préférer la protection informelle ou l’invention collective. Outre qu’elles permettent à l’entrepreneur-innovateur de tirer profit de son travail d’innovation, certaines approches informelles ne sont pas de nature à remettre en cause l’altruisme qui fonde la vie sociale dans le secteur informel. D’autres approches informelles assurent une meilleure protection de l’innovation contre l’imitation mais présentent l’inconvénient de compromettre la solidarité au sein de la communauté. L’invention collective s’avère compatible avec l’altruisme qui caractérise l’innovation frugale et les relations sociales dans le secteur informel. Codes JEL : L2, M1, O3
La France et le Forum des îles du Pacifique : les enjeux de l’intégration régionale
Authors: Milhiet Paco
Published: August 2024

La France s’est efforcée d’améliorer son image au sein du Forum des îles du Pacifique, permettant ainsi à la Nouvelle-Calédonie et à la Polynésie française d’y adhérer. La présence française reste controversée et la crise actuelle à Nouméa risque d’accroître les difficultés et de remettre en cause des décennies d’efforts diplomatiques. C’est toute la politique conduite par Paris qui pourrait, à terme, échouer.
Le détroit de Torres : ligne de défense et de discontinuité économique
Authors: Fau Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Le détroit de Torres situé entre l’Australie et la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée est un goulet d’étranglement où la navigation y est difficile. L’Australie a pu limiter l’usage de cette route maritime mais la question des peuples autochtones révèle désormais des difficultés avec un accroissement des inégalités, sources de tensions.
L’Asie du Sud-Est et les pays de l’arc mélanésien dans le contexte de l’Indo-Pacifique
Authors: de Tréglodé Benoît
Published: August 2024

L’Asie du Sud-Est cherche à accroître ses relations et ses échanges avec l’arc mélanésien dans un contexte régional complexe où les grandes puissances – États-Unis, Chine, Japon, Australie – sont très actives avec des ambitions propres. Pour l’Indonésie, la mise en avant d’une dimension mélanésienne obéit à des objectifs de politique intérieure et de recherche d’un nouvel équilibre.
La Mélanésie, théâtre subrégional d’une rivalité globale
Authors: Mohamed-Gaillard Sarah
Published: August 2024

Les États de Mélanésie sont au cœur de la rivalité entre les États-Unis et la Chine. L’instrumentalisation de l’histoire coloniale accroît les tensions et la situation de la Nouvelle-Calédonie – en proie à des émeutes depuis mi-mai – ne facilite pas le dialogue interrégional. Un consensus semble difficilement atteignable.
Géopolitique du nickel : Indonésie/Nouvelle-Calédonie, destins liés ?
Authors: Pantz Pierre-Christophe
Published: August 2024

La Nouvelle-Calédonie et l’Indonésie ont en commun l’exploitation du nickel. Le secteur du premier est désormais en crise suite à la concurrence du second, plus compétitif sur le marché. Or, le nickel pèse pour 94 % de ses exportations : pour Nouméa, il s’agit d’un enjeu politique majeur avec le risque d’un effondrement de cette industrie, d’où l’obligation d’entamer une réflexion collective pour sortir du « tout nickel »
La France dans le Pacifique : aspects stratégiques
Authors: Coutau-Bégarie Hervé
Published: August 2024

Le Pacifique, durant plusieurs décennies à l’issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a été un lac américain avec une domination sans partage de la marine et des forces armées américaines sur l’ensemble de la région. Cette situation n’était pas totalement nouvelle puisque, dès le milieu du XIX e siècle, les États-Unis ont commencé à s’intéresser au Pacifique, boutant d’ailleurs les Espagnols de la zone en 1898.
Le Pacifique à l’horizon 2000
Authors: Servoise René
Published: August 2024

La région du Pacifique constitue un ensemble économique, rivalisant d’importance avec ce qu’était la Communauté économique européenne (CEE), devenue depuis l’UE, et le monde nord-américain. Quelles que soient l’aire géographique et les structures de coopération, les États européens doivent observer attentivement l’évolution de cette zone, la plus dynamique du monde. Ils doivent le faire dans des conditions comparables à celles qu’ils ont octroyées à Bruxelles aux riverains du Pacifique : le principe de réciprocité et le rôle de l’Europe dans le développement de ce bassin justifiaient déjà ce réajustement dès les années 1990.
Polynésie française, pour un fenua européen entre Chine et États-Unis
Authors: Lhomme Michel
Published: August 2024

L’auteur voit monter en Asie l’antagonisme sino-américain et mesure l’enrôlement progressif de tous les acteurs du Pacifique Sud dans une stratégie d’endiguement de l’activité chinoise. Il demande que la Polynésie française soit tenue à l’écart de ces perspectives et devienne une tête de pont européenne d’équilibre pour faciliter un développement harmonieux de la région Asie-Pacifique.
Amérique Latine
Authors: Drouhaud Pascal
Published: August 2024

Au cœur de l’Amérique centrale, El Salvador a subi tous les soubresauts politiques ayant marqué la région dont l’absence de volonté commune des États à travailler ensemble. Après les guérillas marxistes, les gangs liés au narcotrafic y ont prospéré, entraînant une insécurité croissante, que le Président salvadorien a combattu avec succès. Il entame un second mandat porté par une volonté de transformation et de modernisation.
Extrême droite, sionisme et Israël
Authors: Stambul Pierre
Published: August 2024

Arrivée au pouvoir pour la première fois en 1977, l’extrême droite israélienne est devenue hégémonique, politiquement et sociologiquement. Le colonialisme, le nationalisme et le militarisme ont favorisé cette ascension. Malgré ses divisions, l’extrême droite a su conquérir majoritairement les Juifs orientaux, les religieux, les militaires, les Russes… Sous sa férule, les différents gouvernements israéliens s’acharnent à détruire la société palestinienne. Les barrières morales se sont écroulées et, sans sanctions internationales, cette politique violente et raciste va perdurer.
Maintien des seniors dans l’emploi en Europe
Authors: Le Garrec Gilles , Touzé Vincent
Published: August 2024

Cet article dresse un bilan de la capacité que les principaux pays européens ont eue à faire face au vieillissement accéléré de leur population active depuis 2008. L’analyse se concentre précisément sur dix pays : l’Allemagne, l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la Finlande, la France, l’Italie, les Pays-Bas et la Suède. Les réformes des systèmes de retraite depuis les années 1990 ont entraîné un recul progressif de l’âge moyen de la retraite, ce qui a augmenté le taux d’activité des seniors. S’est alors posée la question de leur maintien dans l’emploi, en considérant les spécificités liées à leur âge, telles que l’expérience acquise, l’obsolescence du capital humain ou encore un état de santé potentiellement dégradé, et comment elles peuvent influencer leur intégration professionnelle (productivité, salaire et contrat de travail). Les stratégies européennes et nationales ont visé à adapter les marchés du travail afin de répondre aux caractéristiques des seniors. Elles se sont notamment appuyées sur les axes suivants : formation professionnelle tout au long de la vie, lutte contre la discrimination basée sur l’âge, adaptation des postes, management des âges, flexibilité du temps de travail. Malgré des performances différenciées, une convergence des taux d’emploi des seniors s’est observée, les pays ayant eu un retard important en 2008 connaissant les plus fortes hausses par la suite. Deux groupes se distinguent néanmoins : ceux historiquement en avance et qui ont maintenu une certaine dynamique (Allemagne, Pays-Bas, Suède, Danemark et Finlande) et ceux en retard qui s’inscrivent aussi dans un schéma de convergence mais qui sont à la traîne sur l’emploi des 60-64 ans (France, Espagne, Italie, Belgique et Autriche).
Les jeux olympiques, objet et vitrine des relations internationales ?
Authors: Gillon Pascal
Published: August 2024

Le sport est entré dans l’arène des relations internationales dès le début du XX e siècle et n’en est jamais ressorti depuis. Fort de sa dramaturgie et vecteur symbolique d’un affrontement « pacifique » entre nations, il s’est particulièrement épanoui lors des Jeux olympiques, rendez-vous médiatique mondialisé. Cette compétition est le produit du système olympique réunissant une sphère sportive, dominée par le CIO, une sphère économique constituée des diffuseurs et des sponsors, une sphère de régulation (Tribunal arbitral du sport et Agence mondiale antidopage) et des acteurs externes qui tentent d’utiliser cette dernière à des fins géopolitiques (États et ONG). Ce sont principalement les États qui instrumentalisent le sport en utilisant des outils de relations internationales comme la reconnaissance, les stratégies d’influence et de puissance. Les ONG et les athlètes sont des acteurs qui agissent plutôt en passagers clandestins avec leurs propres techniques ( naming and shaming et l’ ambush marketing ) pour les ONG. Quant au CIO, il tente de conserver le contrôle des Jeux en utilisant son droit de reconnaissance et son corollaire, l’exclusion, pour y parvenir. Par ailleurs, il a dû développer une diplomatie économique et sportive pour tenter de contrer certaines stratégies d’influence tentées par les autres acteurs et se rapprocher de l’ONU.
Des « trains » et des « jeux »
Authors: Faure Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Dans les mois qui ont précédé les Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques de Paris 2024, des polémiques brèves mais vives ont éclaté autour des transports. Cet article propose de prendre du recul et de questionner le projet de transport de Paris 2024 à travers l’étude des candidatures françaises depuis 1992 et de l’évolution du contexte régional. En effet, si le projet du Grand Paris Express est concomitant de la candidature et de la préparation à l’organisation des Jeux, nous démontrons ici que depuis l’élection de Paris en 2017, il est toujours apparu impossible de la part des concepteurs du projet et des institutions publiques en charge de son contrôle, de poursuivre les objectifs politiques d’ouvrir les nouvelles lignes de métro et de RER à l’horizon 2024. Par une étude des temporalités politiques et urbanistiques, et via l’analyse de la littérature grise, des documents de candidature et de rapports, cet article met en lumière la complexité de faire concorder le projet urbain olympique éphémère très contraint dans le temps avec les projets d’aménagements et de développement préexistants à la candidature.
Le télétravail, ça se discute. Pour une discussion sur l’usage des outils numériques en contexte de télétravail
Authors: De Carvalho Damien , Bellini Stéphane
Published: August 2024

Le confinement de mars 2020 a imposé l’usage des technologies numériques comme médiateurs des relations de travail. Nous nous intéressons à leur rôle dans l’évolution des régulations sociales en contexte de télétravail. Nous mettons en évidence des évolutions dans les régulations au fil du temps, élaborées en absence de règlementation du télétravail. L’usage des outils numériques n’est notamment pas discuté, ce qui aboutit à un sentiment d’intensification et de déshumanisation du travail. Notre recherche met en évidence le rôle des outils numériques dans les processus de régulation du télétravail. Ils en sont des médiateurs car ils servent de point d’appui à la coordination et la communication dans le travail, tout en servant les stratégies individuelles. Ils sont impensés car l’importance de leur rôle n’est pas perçue. Nos résultats montrent l’intérêt de penser les règles du jeu du télétravail en général et de l’usage de ses outils numériques en particulier. Nous proposons à cet effet la mise en place d’espaces de discussion.
Limit theorems for local polynomial estimation of regression for functional dependent data
Authors: Bouanani Oussama , Bouzebda Salim
Published: August 2024

Local polynomial fitting exhibits numerous compelling statistical properties, particularly within the intricate realm of multivariate analysis. However, as functional data analysis gains prominence as a dynamic and pertinent field in data science, the exigency arises for the formulation of a specialized theory tailored to local polynomial fitting. We explored the intricate task of estimating the regression function operator and its partial derivatives for stationary mixing random processes, denoted as $ (Y_i, X_i) $, using local higher-order polynomial fitting. Our key contributions include establishing the joint asymptotic normality of the estimates for both the regression function and its partial derivatives, specifically in the context of strongly mixing processes. Additionally, we provide explicit expressions for the bias and the variance-covariance matrix of the asymptotic distribution. Demonstrating uniform strong consistency over compact subsets, along with delineating the rates of convergence, we substantiated these results for both the regression function and its partial derivatives. Importantly, these findings rooted in reasonably broad conditions that underpinned the underlying models. To demonstrate practical applicability, we leveraged our results to compute pointwise confidence regions. Finally, we extended our ideas to the nonparametric conditional distribution, and obtained its limiting distribution.
A novel hybrid model for task scheduling based on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms
Authors: Karishma  , Kumar Harendra
Published: August 2024

Distributed real time system has developed into an outstanding computing platform for parallel, high-efficiency applications. A real time system is a kind of planning where tasks must be completed with accurate results within a predetermined amount of time. It is well known that obtaining an optimal assignment of tasks for more than three processors is an NP-hard problem. This article examines the issue of assigning tasks to processors in heterogeneous distributed systems with a view to reduce cost and response time of the system while maximizing system reliability. The proposed method is carried out in two phases, Phase Ⅰ provides a hybrid HPSOGAK, that is an integration of particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and k-means technique while Phase Ⅱ is based on GA. By updating cluster centroids with PSO and GA and then using them like initial centroids for the k-means algorithm to generate the task-clusters, HPSOGAK produces 'm' clusters of 'r' tasks, and then their assignment onto the appropriate processor is done by using GA. The performance of GA has been improved in this article by introducing new crossover and mutation operators, and the functionality of traditional PSO has been enhanced by combining it with GA. Numerous examples from various research articles are employed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed technique, and the numerical results are contrasted with well-known existing models. The proposed method enhances PIR values by 22.64%, efficiency by 6.93%, and response times by 23.8 on average. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested method outperforms all comparable approaches, leading to the achievement of superior results. The developed mechanism is acceptable for an erratic number of tasks and processors with both types of fuzzy and crisp time.
Intelligent Interconnected Healthcare System: Integrating IoT and Big Data for Personalized Patient Care
Authors: Abatal Ahmed , Mzili Mourad , Mzili Toufik , Cherrat Khaoula , Yassine Asmae , Abualigah Laith
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces the intelligent interconnected healthcare system (IIHS), an innovative fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics technologies designed to revolutionize proactive and personalized healthcare. IIHS facilitates the integration of real-time data from various devices, ambient sensors, and hospital equipment, creating a continuous stream of comprehensive healthcare data. Leveraging advanced data analysis, IIHS offers actionable insights for ongoing patient health monitoring, trend prediction through machine learning, and rapid information access via a user-friendly interface. The system architecture features a combination of centralized cloud storage and edge storage at healthcare facilities, enhancing both efficiency and security in data management. The effectiveness of IIHS has been demonstrated in two healthcare facilities, which reported significant reductions in patient length of stay and readmission rates. This indicates the system’s potential to improve patient care while seamlessly integrating with existing healthcare infrastructures. IIHS represents the future of digital and personalized medicine, offering a scalable, patient-centric solution that supports the ongoing transformation towards data-driven healthcare.
Security Aspects of Blockchain Technology
Authors: Lankadasu Naga Venkata Yaswanth , Pesarlanka Devendra Babu , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Shamneesh
Published: August 2024

Recently, there has been a notable increase in the advancement of multimodal emotion analysis systems. These systems try to get a comprehensive knowledge of human emotions by combining data from several sources, including text, voice, video, and images. This complete strategy tackles the constraints of text-only sentiment analysis, which could disregard subtle emotional expressions. This chapter examines the difficulties and approaches related to analyzing emotions utilizing many modes of data, specifically emphasizing combining data, extracting features, and ensuring scalability. This underscores the significance of creating strong fusion techniques and network architectures to integrate various data modalities efficiently. The research also explores the utilization of these systems in domains such as social media sentiment analysis and clinical evaluations, showcasing their capacity to improve decision-making and user experiences.
Enhancing Sustainability in Smart Energy Systems Through Anomaly Detection Algorithms
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , B. Dharma Sastha , V. Naveen Akash , Praveen S. , D. Santhosh Kumar
Published: August 2024

The chapter discusses the significance of anomaly detection algorithms in enhancing sustainability in smart energy systems. These systems leverage advanced technologies to enhance energy generation, distribution, and utilization. Anomaly detection plays a critical role in identifying deviations from expected behavior, such as equipment malfunctions or cyber-attacks, through continuous monitoring of parameters like voltage and power flow. By employing robust mathematical models and advanced analytics, smart energy systems can effectively detect and address anomalies, ensuring uninterrupted operation and optimal resource allocation. The chapter underscores the necessity for ongoing research and collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers to translate these insights into practical solutions for a sustainable and resilient energy future.
An Overview of Additive Manufacturing's Role in industry 4.0
Authors: Ben Khalifa Romdhane , Nhassa Ghalia , Snoussi Ali
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the integration of advanced digital manufacturing and production systems within the context of Industry 4.0, emphasizing the transformative potential of additive manufacturing (AM). The study examines how AM can revolutionize company operations and consumer interactions by introducing new business models that enhance competitiveness and profitability. It discusses how AM can address complex and unique customer needs through various technologies and techniques, optimizing production processes, and introducing sustainable business practices. The research also delves into the innovative solutions offered by AM, such as waste reduction, shortened supply chains, and extended product life cycles, which all contribute to material, energy, and cost savings.
Shunt Active Power Filter Applied to Photovoltaic Systems With High Nonlinear Loads
Authors: Mohamed Hajjej , Sbita Lassaad
Published: August 2024

Recently, shunt active power filters (SAPFs) have demonstrated their excellent performance and high efficiency in compensating harmonics and improving the power factor (PF) in power systems, whether LV or MV. The controller of a SAPF determines in real-time the compensation currents and leads the power circuit to inject the compensation currents into the electrical grid at the PCC. As a result, a sinusoidal current waveform on the source side is free of harmonics with a perfect PF equal to 1. In the first part of this chapter, the authors present an in-depth study of SAPFs, including their various topologies and control algorithms. In the second part, they integrate this SAPF into a highly distorted installation powered by a renewable energy-based photovoltaic generator (GPV). Simulation tests using Simulink and Matlab are conducted and discussed to investigate the effectiveness of the entire system in improving power quality and reducing the THD of the source.
Charging Ahead
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Shikha Shikha , Bhutani Monica , Gupta Jyoti , Gupta Monica
Published: August 2024

The shift towards electric vehicles (EV) signifies a monumental advancement in automotive technology, presenting a sustainable remedy to the environmental dilemmas posed by traditional internal combustion engines. At the heart of this transition lies the evolution of electric vehicle battery technology. This chapter showcases the recent breakthrough in enhancing EV batteries, targeting pivotal issues such as range anxiety, charging duration, cost-effectiveness, and environmental implications. Different remarkable steps in boosting the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, effectively elongating the driving range of EVs while curbing the necessity for frequent recharges. Innovations in electrode materials, electrolyte compositions, and manufacturing methodologies have propelled significant enhancements in battery performance, thus paving the way for a broader acceptance of electric vehicles.
Edge Computing and Machine Learning Integration for Autonomous Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Naresh Mallireddy , Subhahan D. Abdus , Narula Vivek Narula , Roslin Dayana K. , Narula Shaweta , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2024

The growth of autonomous small aircraft and drones has significantly impacted the aviation industry. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide for researchers, engineers, and enthusiasts interested in developing intelligent aerial systems. It also covers the fundamentals of edge computing and machine learning, the evolution of autonomous systems, and the design and implementation of edge computing architectures in small aircraft. The machine learning algorithms' applications in navigation, path planning, obstacle avoidance, and decision-making have also been discussed. The security and privacy of autonomous systems and ethical considerations in flight control have been illustrated. The project's future trends and emerging technologies are also elaborated.
The Evolution of Electric Vehicle Market Dynamics
Authors: Ramesh Adireddy , Hemalatha N. , Vishwakarma Satyendra , Kumar G. S. V. Seshu , Srinivasan Vellayan , Sudhakar M.
Published: August 2024

The global EV market is rapidly expanding due to technological advancements, environmental concerns, and changing consumer preferences. This chapter examines consumer behavior, focusing on factors like environmental awareness, economic considerations, and technological affinity. Consumers prioritize sustainability, with economic factors like cost, government incentives, and fuel savings driving EV adoption. Technological advancements enhance battery efficiency and charging infrastructure. The chapter explores demographic differences in EV adoption, highlighting younger, tech-savvy consumers, and urban dwellers' higher adoption rates, while also examining the impact of social norms and peer behavior. The chapter explores marketing strategies for the EV market, focusing on environmental benefits, cost savings, and digital platforms, while also discussing future challenges and opportunities.
Navigating the Legal Maze
Authors: El-Kady Ramy
Published: August 2024

The chapter focuses on electric self-driving automobiles, one of the most well-known modern technology applications in intelligent transportation that is predicted to significantly improve human life and mobility. Utilizing such technology may cause some people to worry about how it may affect their legal situation. The relevance and practicality of some incidents caused by the use of self-driving cars emphasize the significance of this research and the need for investigation into the legal principles controlling criminal liability for accidents caused by these vehicles. The study concluded by urging lawmakers to create an integrated legal framework that governs the use of self-driving cars. It defines the legal framework to hold accountable those responsible for accidents caused by their use of intelligent transportation. It also stressed the importance of creating legislative or regulatory rules that require self-driving car manufacturers and self-driving system operators, in addition to the requirement to update traffic laws to allow regulation of self-driving cars.
Pushing Boundaries
Authors: Suhail Adeel H. , Guangul Fiseha Mekonnen , Nazeer Abdul
Published: August 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a crucial step towards sustainable transportation, driven by advancements in battery technology. This chapter, “Pushing Boundaries: Advancements in Electric Vehicle Battery Technology,” explores the current state of EV batteries, their limitations, and the innovative solutions poised to overcome these challenges. Through a comprehensive overview of battery fundamentals, an analysis of existing issues, and a look at emerging technologies, this chapter aims to illuminate the path towards a more efficient and sustainable future for electric mobility. By addressing energy density, charging times, battery lifespan, and environmental impacts, the chapter highlights the importance of ongoing research, policy support, and investment in driving the evolution of EV battery technology and achieving global sustainability goals.
Synergizing Edge Computing With Energy Storage and Grid Integration in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Shashibhushan G. , Narukulla Krishnaiah , Williams H. Joseph Prabhakar , Manjula G. , Ganesh D. R. , Singh Sangeeta
Published: August 2024

The automotive and energy industries will undergo a revolution with the integration of edge computing, energy storage systems, and grid integration in electric vehicles (EVs) to improve efficiency and sustainability. In electric vehicles (EVs), edge computing improves data processing by cutting down on latency and bandwidth utilization, allowing for real-time energy management decision-making, and optimizing battery consumption and energy distribution. Energy storage systems (ESS), which provide flexibility and bidirectional flow, are essential for EV energy management. V2G technology supports grid stability and streamlines energy exchange procedures by integrating ESS with grid infrastructure. In this chapter, the strategic advantages of edge computing and grid integration in ESS for EVs are examined, with an emphasis on practical applications' cost savings, environmental effects, and operational efficiency.
Understanding the Core Componenets of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hussain Shaik Mazhar
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the complex anatomy of electric vehicles (EVs) and explores the essential components of these innovative machines. The chapter provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the basic elements of an electric vehicle and illuminates the unique characteristics and functions that distinguish electric motors from traditional internal combustion engines (ICE). The chapter explores the role of the electric motor as the heart of the vehicle, converting electrical energy into mechanical motion with remarkable efficiency and precision. It discusses the different types of electric motors commonly used in electric vehicles, from asynchronous motors to permanent magnet synchronous motors, and explains their advantages and limitations. The chapter also introduces the critical role of the battery, which supplies the electric motor and auxiliary systems.
The Meaningfulness of Knowledge for the Design of Sustainable AI
Authors: Grum Marcus , Gronau Norbert
Published: August 2024

A growing number of business processes can be characterized as knowledge-intensive. The ability to speed up the necessary transfer of knowledge between individuals in business processes can lead to a huge competitive advantage, for instance, if intelligent information systems are enabled to analyze complex patterns of knowledge flows and adapt to the individual knowledge transfer situation. This paper introduces a time-dependent knowledge transfer model incl. an experimentation tool with the intention of predicting and furthermore accelerating the speed of knowledge transfer among people and information systems. While intelligent information systems start to function as management instances on the basis of this model, experiment results show the validity of considering intervening information systems as strategic tools for improving resource allocation in processes and clarifying the meaningfulness of knowledge for the creation of sustainable AI.
Reproduction and age of Opsanus beta (Goode & Bean, 1880) in a new environment
Authors: Carvalho Barbara Maichak de , Assis Thara Santiago de , Favaro Luis Fernando
Published: August 2024

Opsanus beta is endemic to the Gulf of Mexico and has recently been introduced to the Brazilian coast; probably the introduction is via ballast water and/or oil rigs. In this study, the reproduction and age of the species were recorded for the first time in Guaratuba Bay. The two specimens analyzed in this study were caught by sport fishermen. Sex and stage of gonadal maturation were histologically analyzed, and the age was determined by cross-sectioning the sagitta otoliths. The female showed 29 cm total length (TL) and 396 g total weight (TW), and the male showed 21 cm LT, 168 g WT, and 2 years of age. The gonadal histology demonstrated the female and male as capable of spawning. Despite the small sample, reproduction shows that there is an established population of O. beta in Guaratuba Bay.
Effects of sucrose-rich diets and pterostilbene on oxidative status and intrinsic innervation of the jejunum in rats
Authors: Menezes Joice Moraes , Barbosa Ana Paula da Silva , Caputo Wesley Ladeira , Rosa Carlos Vinícius Dalto da , Seiva Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira , Schoffen João Paulo Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a chronic disease related to gastrointestinal disorders. Pterostilbene has already demonstrated beneficial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sucrose-rich diet and pterostilbene on oxidative status, intestinal wall, and myenteric neurons of the jejunum. Wistar rats comprised the groups Control (C), Sucrose (S), Control+Pterostilbene (CP), and Sucrose+Pterostilbene (SP). For 180 days, C and CP received water and chow ad libitum, while S and SP groups received chow and water plus 40% sucrose ad libitum. Pterostilbene (40 mg Kg-1) was administered daily in the final 40 days. Jejunal samples were collected to assess oxidative status, wall morphometry, goblet cells, and myenteric neurons. Pterostilbene increased lipid peroxidation in the CP group. Catalase activity increased in groups S and CP. The myenteric neuron number did not change by sucrose; however, it reduced their number in CP. SP animals had a higher density of neurons than CP. Groups S, CP, and SP showed hypertrophy of the neuronal cell body. There was maintenance of the intestinal wall and goblet cells. In conclusion, pterostilbene has a possible pro-oxidant and cytotoxic activity on jejunal myenteric neurons of rats on a standard diet; however, when combined with 40% sucrose-added water, it minimized the oxidative stress, evidencing a neuroprotection activity.
Characterization of the digestive microbiome of invasive Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) collected in different seasons in the upper Uruguay River, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Tamiris Henrique , Sá Lúvia Souza de , Mederios Paula Brando de , Costa Domickson Silva , Cardoso Grasiela  Fagundes Minatto , Pierri Bruno da Silva , Nuñer Alex Pires de Oliveira , Martins Maurício Laterça , Mouriño José Luiz  Pedreira
Published: August 2024

We aimed to identify the digestive microbiota of the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei, and characterize its structure in different seasons. Limnoperna fortunei specimens were sampled in winter (September 2019) and summer (March 2020) in five reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants in southern Brazil. In each reservoir, we sampled 15 individuals at three different points. We collected the digestive diverticulum and portions of the intestine for bacterial DNA extraction, and subsequently conducted metagenomic analysis. The intestinal microbial communities of L. fortunei occurring in the upper Uruguay River region showed significant differences during winter and summer. Although the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were dominant regardless of the season, the microbial communities showed greater richness and bacterial diversity in the summer. Additionally, we found 143 species of bacteria in the digestive samples collected during both winter and summer, which may indicate a central microbial community for the species. The microbial communities in the digestive tract of L. fortunei showed greater bacterial richness and diversity in summer samples, which existed at a significantly higher temperature than those in winter samples. We observed seasonal variations in the microbiota of L. fortunei in the upper Uruguay River region, with increased bacterial richness and diversity in the digestive tract during summer, attributed to higher temperatures. However, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria consistently dominated the digestive tract of the golden mussel, regardless of seasonal fluctuations.
Ferns with important ethnomedicinal value and chemical and biological aspects of Nephrolepis cordifolia: brief review
Authors: Santos Jaciel Gonçalves dos , Fernandes Cassia Cristina , Miranda Mayker Lazaro Dantas
Published: August 2024

The Atlântic Forest comprises native forest formations which make it one of the main biomes in Brazil while the Cerrado is a strategical biome due to its diversity and economic resource. Ferns play important roles in both ecosystems and in the social context. Even though there are few studies of Pteridophytes, they have become fundamental not only to phytoremediation, but also to chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Ferns have different forms of life since they may be terrestrial, epiphytic, rupicolous, aquatic, hemiepiphyte and climbing plants which range from tiny herbaceous plants to arborescent ones. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl, which is mostly found in the world’s tropical and subtropical regions, is an ornamental fern that belongs to the Nephrolepidaceae family and whose young fronds and tubers are edible in some countries. Besides, it has medicinal properties against certain diseases, such as rheumatism and anorexia, and symptoms, such as nasal congestion. This brief report aims at compiling results of studies of chemical and biological applications of ferns, mainly the ones exhibited by the N. cordifolia species, such as the main secondary metabolites it biosynthesizes, its lab-proven biological activities and its uses in folk medicine.
Study of the quality and loses of durum wheat (Triticum durum) during storage: an overview of traditional storage in Algeria
Authors: Benhamada Nabila , Benhamada Ouahiba , Idoui Tayeb
Published: August 2024

Wheat is one of the most significant crops commercially because of its growing use. There is a real concern about the safety of grain that has been stored for a long time on a worldwide scale in order to get and retain a supply of high-quality grains. There are numerous methods to store wheat, however, traditional techniques are still used in Algeria. During storage, wheat grains are infested with pests and diverse microbial populations that can cause grain loses and disease. Preharvest, harvest, transportation, storage, and processing are all potential sources of microbial contamination in wheat. Fungi are the most contaminating flora, presenting mycotoxin excretion risk. Whereas lactic acid bacteria represent the fermentation flora. Contrary to what some research has found regarding the decrease in the nutritional value of wheat during storage, the storage in underground pits can enhance the product’s nutritional quality. Durum wheat fermentation is primarily a crucial technique that, when done on an industrial scale, might produce new products with improved technological and nutritional qualities. This present review highlights the storage methods available worldwide, different losses of wheat during storage, the effects of the storage conditions and natural fermentation on the quality of the stored wheat.
Assessing sexual-abuse prevention knowledge and related factors among adolescent girls with intellectual disabilities in Padang: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mansur Arif , Neherta Meri , Fajria Lili , Sari Ira Mulya , Herien Yelly , Farlina Mutia , Rusmayanti Putri Dwi
Published: August 2024

Sexual abuse among adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities (ID) has been significantly under-researched despite their high vulnerability. This study aimed to assess the sexual abuse prevention knowledge of adolescent girls with ID in Padang and explore how various respondents' characteristics relate to the risk of sexual abuse. Findings from this study may inform future prevention strategies and support services. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was utilized, and involved 50 adolescent girls from five special education schools in Padang. Respondents were assessed using the Illustrated Scale Measuring Sexual Abuse Prevention Knowledge, which covered five key domains. The study analyzed the risk of sexual abuse and related factors. The findings revealed significant knowledge disparities, especially in identifying abusive situations, with notably low scores. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the disability category and additional mental or physical conditions, indicating an increased risk of sexual abuse. The results emphasize the urgent need for customized educational programs to address the specific challenges faced by adolescents with ID. Enhancing sexual abuse prevention knowledge is crucial for reducing their victimization risk. The study recommends comprehensive educational strategies and supportive interventions tailored to their cognitive and physical profiles.
Probiotic microorganisms affect the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide
Authors: Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , Yadegari Maryam , Zare Fateme , Zakizadeh Fatemeh , Seifati Seyed Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.

Methods:

Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and received normal saline through gavage (control), acrylamide 20 mg/kg body weight, acrylamide plus probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Streptococcus thermophilus and fructooligosaccharides, all mixed in sachets) 20 or 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. After 30 days, the testis, prostate, seminal vesicle and cerebellum were removed, fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H & E). The Johnsen score was used to classify spermatogenesis. Cavalieri's principle method was used to evaluate the total volume (in mm3) of the testes. The number of each intratubular cell type as well as intertubular Leydig cells in whole samples was measured using the physical dissector counting techniques. Stereological analysis and the grids were used to determine the volume of cerebellar layers as well as the Purkinje cell number.

Results:

The testis weight decreased significantly in the acrylamide- treated group compared to the other groups (P<0.001). The number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells in the acrylamide-treated group were significantly less compared to the control group (P<0.05), while they were increased significantly in the acrylamide+200 mg/kg probiotic group (P<0.05; P<0.01). The mean Johnsen score in the acrylamide-treated group was lower than in the control group (P<0.001). Acrylamide-induced changes including congestion, vacuolization in the secretory epithelial cells, and epithelial rupture were observed in the prostate and seminal vesicle. The volumes of cerebellar layers were decreased in the acrylamide group compared to the control group while recovered in both probiotic treated groups.

Conclusions:

Probiotic microorganisms alleviate acrylamide- induced toxicities against the reproductive and cerebellar tissues in rats.
Common laryngopharyngeal reflux: A review
Authors: Chen Chieh , Liao Da-Ming
Published: August 2024

Clinically, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease characterized by persistent and regular flow of stomach content up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Further, if acid reflux symptoms are more apparent in the larynx or pharynx, then the disorder may be called laryngopharyngeal reflux disorder (LPRD). The reflux of such acid to soft tissues beyond the esophagus will cause damage, which may turn into a relatively serious condition, especially for those with laryngeal reflux. Traditionally, obesity has been known as a primary risk factor for GERD or LPRD and related complications. Many studies have reported the association between obesity, hiatus hernia, and various motility dysfunctions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with LPRD. Somehow obesity predisposes to these conditions, or whether they merely coexist with LPRD remains to be elucidated and dissents exist. Previous studies often recommend longer treatment and higher doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for general gastroesophageal reflux because the presence of gastric acid in the pharynx and larynx can damage the vocal cords. Patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux can feel the symptoms while sitting at rest, and those with GERD feel the symptoms when lying down. The stomach contents, including pepsin and gastric acid, are the culprits that cause major damage to the tissues. Bile salts from the gallbladder further worsen the injury. A high-risk population includes people with obesity and/or obstructive sleep apnea.