bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poliitikot julkkiksina
Authors: Karvonen Erkki
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan viime vuosina Suomessa ja muuallakin maailmassa yleistynyttä poliitikkojen yksityisasioiden viihteellistä käsittelyä mediassa. Politiikka on henkilöitynyt ja ”julkkistunut”, jonka seurauksena poliitikot esitetään mediassa samaan tapaan kuin viihdejulkkikset. Medialla on merkittävää agendavaltaa nostaa poliitikkojen intiimit asiat tärkeimmiksi keskustelun aiheiksi ja huomion kohteiksi yhteiskunnassa. Artikkelissa kysytään, onko tällainen julkisuus triviaalia, kansalaisuutta ja demokratiaa heikentävää, vai päinvastoin demokratiaa vahvistavaa? Vanhempi, ”moderni” tutkimustraditio suhtautuu ilmiöön kielteisesti ja uudempi, ”postmoderni” traditio myönteisesti. Artikkelissa analysoidaan näitä molempia lähestymistapoja. Uudempi näkökulma nähdään vanhemman antiteesiksi ja sellaisena liian yksipuoliseksi. Artikkelissa luodaan aluksi kokonaiskuva poliitikkojen julkkistumisesta kontekstualisoimalla se historiallisesti ja kansainvälisesti, selvittämällä median ja politiikan suhteen muutoksia sekä arvioimalla kulttuurin postmodernisoitumista. Poliitikkojen julkkistumista käsitteellistetään keskustelemalla journalismin viihteellistymisestä ja populaarikulttuuristumisesta. Julkkistumista voidaan pitää journalismin ”populaarikulttuuristumisen” yhtenä muotona. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan ilmiötä sekä journalismin että politiikan näkökulmat huomioon ottaen.
Yksilöiden valvovat silmät
Authors: Häyhtiö Tapio , Rinne Jarmo
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan verkossa tapahtuvaa yksilöistä lähtevää toimintaa, jota nimitämme kansalaisvalvonnaksi. Alhaalta päin suuntautuvalla kansalaisvalvonnalla tarkoitetaan tilanteita, joissa kansalaiset pyrkivät muuttamaan yritysten, hallitusten, viranomaisten, sotilaiden, vartijoiden ja poliitikoiden toimintaa läpinäkyväksi, vastuulliseksi ja tilivelvolliseksi. Uuden informaatio- ja kommunikaatioteknologian hyödyntäminen lisää kansalaisten mahdollisuuksia valvoa vallanpitäjiä ja paljastaa näiden epäeettisiä toimia. Yksilöityvä poliittinen kansalaistoiminta nähdään artikkelissa osaksi refleksiiviseksi kutsumaamme politiikkaa. Refleksiivisellä politiikalla tarkoitetaan uudenlaista kansalaistoimintaa, jossa subjektiivisesti koetut arkitodellisuuden epäkohdat ja asiakysymykset politisoituvat ja politiikan asialistasta tulee henkilökohtainen. Toiminnan mobilisoituminen ei tapahdu organisoidusti tai hierarkkisesti vaan verkostomaisena liikehdintänä, joka pyrkii vaikuttamaan kohdennetusti yksittäisiin epäkohtiin ja ongelmiin. Artikkelissa väitetään, että internet on muuttanut poliittista toimintaa merkittävästi. Esimerkiksi verkon vuorovaikutteisia julkisuustiloja hyödyntävät blogit ja YouTube ovat antaneet tilaa yksilöllisesti tärkeiksi koettujen asioiden ja arvojen esille tuomiselle, poliittisen toimijuuden kehittämiselle ja vaihtoehtoisten poliittisten agendojen ajamiselle.
Viihdemedian rooli vaaleissa
Analyysi vuoden 2006 presidentinvaaleista
Authors: Herkman Juha
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tutkitaan viihdemedian roolia vaaleissa. Empiirinen aineisto koostuu vuoden 2006 presidentinvaalien yhteydessä tehdystä 14 teemahaastattelusta ja Suomen Gallupin toteuttamasta äänestäjäkyselystä. Aineistojen avulla etsitään vastauksia siihen, mitä merkityksiä kampanjan eri osapuolet antavat viihdejulkisuudelle ja kuinka äänestäjät kokevat viihdemedian vaikuttavan päätöksiinsä: kuinka ”kulttuurinen” ja ”poliittinen” kansalaisuus kohtaavat vaalitilanteessa? Analyysin mukaan viihdemedian roolia ei koettu suureksi. Se lähinnä täydensi ja monipuolisti kuvaa ehdokkaista. Viihdemedian merkityksen uskottiin jopa pienentyneen verrattuna vuosien 1994 ja 2000 vaaleihin, jolloin poliitikkojen esiintyminen esimerkiksi television viihdeohjelmissa oli tuore ilmiö. Poliittinen kansalaisuus peittosi empiirisen aineiston perusteella vaaleissa kulttuurisen. Viihdemedian roolista on kuitenkin hankala tehdä yleistyksiä, koska politiikan ja viihteen arvostuksia sävyttävät vakiintuneet puhetavat ja aihetta on mahdotonta tutkia aukottomasti. Analyysin perusteella politiikan viihdejulkisuuden roolia tulee tarkastella suhteessa kulloiseenkin yhteiskunnalliseen konjunktuuriin ja mediaympäristöön ilman, että se ankkuroidaan yksiselitteisesti kriittisnormatiiviseen teoriaan tai populaaritekstien merkitysvaltaan.
Saatanan tuntijat
Asiantuntijuus suomalaisessa saatananpalvontauutisoinnissa
Authors: Hjelm Titus
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan erityisesti vuosituhannen vaihteessa paljon huomiota herättäneen saatananpalvonnan uutisointia ja asiantuntijuuden rakentumista uutisoinnissa. Tutkimuksessa kysytään a) ketkä valikoituivat asiantuntijoiksi saatananpalvontauutisoinnissa, b) mikä vaikutus asiantuntijoiden diskursseilla oli median välittämään hegemoniseen kuvaan saatananpalvonnasta, c) miten toisaalta samaiset diskurssit mahdollisesti vaikuttivat asiantuntijuuden rakentumiseen, sekä d) mitä tämä valikoitumisprosessi kertoo journalismin ja uskonnon suhteesta ylipäätään nykypäivän Suomessa. Aineistona tutkimuksessa on vuosilta 1988–2002 kerätty uutisaineisto, joka painottuu sanomalehtiin. Ensijaisesti nuorison rikollisuutena (hautausmaavandalismi, Hyvinkään paloittelumurha) uutisissa esiintyneen saatananpalvonnan asiantuntijoiksi valikoituivat poliisi, kirkon edustajat, erityisesti saatananpalvontaan erikoistuneet asiantuntijat, sekä nuoret itse. Varsinaisten asiantuntijadiskurssien lisäksi artikkelissa arvioidaan toimittajien roolia asiantuntijuuden rakentumisessa. Erityisenä seikkana esiin nousee herätyskristillisten asiantuntijoiden keskeinen asema ja sen olennainen vaikutus uutisten saatananpalvontadiskursseihin. Tätä ilmiötä voi pitää yhtäältä rikosuutisoinnin genrevaatimusten ja toisaalta toimittajien sekä laajemman toimituskulttuurin uskonnontuntemuksen puutteen seurauksena.
Kasvokkain julkison kanssa:
vastaanottajan multimodaalinen muotoilu televisiokeskustelun aloituksissa
Authors: Rautajoki Hanna
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tutkitaan ohjelmantekijöiden keinoja puhutella ja osallistaa televisiokatsojia ohjelman avauksessa. Aineistona on kolme suoraa Ylen keskusteluohjelmaa syyskuun 11:nnen terrori-iskuista vuodelta 2001. Sama puheenaihe voidaan avata hyvin erilaisten strategioiden avulla ja valitulla tyylillä on implikaationsa tietynlaisen katsojakonstruktion tuottamiseen. Verbaalisen kommunikaation lisäksi artikkelissa kiinnitetään huomiota myös tilallisten, kehollisten ja materiaalisten resurssien hyödyntämiseen vastaanottajan puhuttelussa. Keskeiset havainnot kutoutuvat julkison eli julkiseen keskusteluun osallistuvan kansalaisjoukon käsitteeseen. Aiempi keskustelu aiheesta on jakautunut sen suhteen, luetaanko ajankohtaiskeskustelua seuraava televisiokatsoja kuuluvaksi kuluttavan yleisön vai julkison piiriin. Artikkelissa esitetään, että ohjelmien puhuteltu vastaanottaja ei ole ensisijaisesti kutsuttu seuraamaan esitystä, vaan sitä puhutellaan ajankohtaisen, yhteiskunnallisesti merkittävän aiheen pohtimiseen osallistuvana toimijana. Aloituksissa toimittajat rakentavat katsojaan osallistavan kontaktin, operoivat yhteisöllisyyttä tuottavien episteemisten ja moraalisten positioiden varassa ja korostavat avointa poliittista toimintatilaa. Suhdetta vastaanottajaan ei tuoteta vain järkiperustaisten argumenttien avulla, vaan ohjelmien avaukset on ladattu erilaisin julkisoutta virittävin tunnetiloin.
Gómez Vozmediano, Miguel Fernando, Francisco Rades de Andrada, Cronista y Linajista. Adicciones a la Crónica de la Orden y Caballería de Calatrava
Authors: Hernández Franco Juan
Published: December 2017

Reseña bibliográfica
L’art-thérapie à médiation jeu de sable comme stratégie d’amélioration de l’alexithymie d’une population alcoolodépendante
Authors: Kulcsar Marie-Jeanne , Franco Renata da Rocha Campos
Published: December 2017

Cette recherche a montré comment une psychothérapie de groupe médiatisée par le jeu de sable pouvait améliorer le niveau de compréhension et d’expression des affects de personnes alcoolodépendantes et plus spécifiquement alexithymiques. Seize participants ont été répartis en deux groupes de 8 (hommes et femmes). Ils ont été soumis à deux tests (TAS-20 et EES) afin de mesurer leur niveau d’alexithymie et leur estime de soi avant (t1) et après (t2) des séances d’art-thérapie ou de thérapie verbale. Les résultats montrent qu’à l’issue d’une moyenne de 6,3 séances de jeu de sable, 7 participants sur 8 ont amélioré leur score d’alexithymie et leur estime de soi de façon plus significative que les 8 sujets ayant suivi une thérapie verbale individuelle. L’art-thérapie à médiation jeu de sable a pu apporter un appui à l’élaboration des affects reliant les aspects émotionnels de l’histoire personnelle à la maladie vécue.
Colonização e ocupação em Vilhena-RO (1960-1980): percursos e percalços históricos na constituição da educação vilhenense
Authors: Martins Helen Arantes , Carneiro Kleber Tüxen , Assis Eliasaf Rodrigues de
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo busca perceber, em uma perspectiva histórica, como o movimento migratório ocorrido no período de 1960 a 1980, na região de Vilhena, Rondônia, lidou com os conflitos de ocupar uma terra já ocupada. Faz uma abordagem inicial das demandas educacionais que se punham. Para compreender esse espaço histórico-social, retratam-se momentos que permitiram compreender as relações sociais, nômades e econômicas do período. Essas relações reverberaram na educação, na formação dos alunos, na cultura e na identidade local. A pesquisa delimita-se como um estudo bibliográfico, apoiada pela visão da conscientização freireana da relação ser humano/mundo, e conta com alguns autores regionais que abordam a temática da colonização de Vilhena.
Reconfiguração das relações de gênero e cotidiano das mulheres educandas da EJA
Authors: Bastos Ludimila Corrêa , Eiterer Carmem Lúcia
Published: December 2017

Este artigo é fruto de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa realizada a partir de depoimentos coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Discute-se aqui um aspecto relativo às negociações que mulheres trabalhadoras e mães de filhos pequenos estabelecem em suas residências a fim de garantir a possibilidade de frequentar a escola noturna. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa inscreve-se no âmbito dos trabalhos que discutem como as relações de gênero se estabelecem no cotidiano.
Educação, aprendizagem e tecnologia na pesquisa-formação
Authors: Fantin Monica
Published: December 2017

A integração significativa das tecnologias digitais nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem tem assumido papel de destaque entre os desafios da educação contemporânea. Práticas diferenciadas na formação universitária e diferentes experiências de investigação na perspectiva da mídia-educação destacam uma abordagem da pesquisa-formação – com ênfase num trabalho colaborativo entre professores, estudantes e pesquisadores –, que propicia diferentes formas de diálogo com o território. É no contexto dessas experiências e relações que o artigo reflete sobre a tecnologia como cultura, mediando os processos de ensino-aprendizagem na formação universitária e continuada com professores a partir de experiências de pesquisa-formação desenvolvidas em diferentes investigações e contextos socioculturais.
Looking at photographs, thinking about architecture
Authors: Campbell Hugh
Published: December 2017

Este artículo presenta algunas reflexiones acerca de la relación entre arquitectura y fotografía basadas en las ideas extraídas de un seminario universitario, “Space Framed” (“Espacio enmarcado”), en el que se pide a los estudiantes que se involucren de forma crítica en proyectos de fotografía que tratan sobre aspectos del mundo construido y habitado. El seminario pretende ir más allá de los típicos enfoques sobre la relación entre fotografía y arquitectura según los cuales, por una parte, la arquitectura se vale de la fotografía para sus propios fines y, por otra parte, la arquitectura sirve meramente como área temática para la fotografía. En su lugar, se centra en los impulsos y métodos compartidos por ambas disciplinas: el estudio sobre cómo se forma, se estructura y se habita el espacio. El artículo concluye con dos estudios de caso representativos de dos “tendencias” en fotografía: el primero sobre la fotografía en sí con fugaces momentos asombrosos, y el segundo en el que se describe con mayor amplitud el panorama social. El fotógrafo japonés Rinko Kawauchi ejemplifica la primera tendencia y el estadounidense Alec Soth la segunda. Se presentan una serie de reflexiones sobre lo que este estudio puede ofrecer para desarrollar la enseñanza y la investigación en este campo.
N. BALTZWER Y M. STIERLI (eds.) - Before publication. Montage in Art, Architecture and Book Design
Authors: Esteban Maluenda Ana
Published: December 2017

Nanni Baltwer Y Martino Stierli (eds.)Before publication. Montage in Art, Architecture and Book DesignPark Books, Zúrich, 2016, 144 páginas.Idioma: inglés. Tapa blanda. 38 €. ISBN 10: 3038600229. ISBN 13: 9783038600220
S. J. RAMOS - Dubai Amplified. The Engineering of a Port Geography
Authors: Fernández-Ges Andrés
Published: December 2017

Stephen J. RamosDubai Amplified. The Engineering of a Port GeographyRoutledge, Londres, Nueva York, 2016, 200 páginas (1ª edición, 2010, Ashgate Publishing).Idioma: inglés. Tapa dura. 110 €. ISBN-13: 978-1138253391. ISBN-10: 1138253391
Application of GI-TPS Model to Skills Critical Thinking and Self Efficacy
Authors: Rusmansyah Rusmansyah , Asranudin Asranudin
Published: December 2017

This research aims to know the: (1) the difference in critical thinking ability of students (2) difference in the results of learning (cognitive, affective, psychomotor) (3) self efficacy of students (4) student response towards the learning model GI-TPS (Guided Inquiry-Think Pair Share) on the hydrolysis of salt. This research use the pretest-posttest design nonequivalent control group design. A sample of 50 research students, namely class XI IPA 2 and XI IPA 3. Samples taken with purposive sampling technique. Engineering data collection using the test the critical thinking ability, cognitive learning results, observations, and the now. Analytical techniques descriptive analyses using data and analysis inferensial (test, test the normality of its homogeneity, and t-test). The results of this study suggest that (1) there is a difference significant critical thinking abilities (2) there is a difference in learning outcomes (cognitive, affective, psychomotor) a significant (3) students who have self efficacy. (4) the students gave positive response towards the learning model GI-TPS material on the hydrolysis of salt.
PENGARUH JACKETING PADA KELAYAKAN OPERASIONIL PROSES COLUMN DISTILASI = THE INFLUENCE OF JACKETING ON PROFICIENCY OF DESTILATION COULUMN PROCES
Authors: Nusa M. N. Setia
Published: December 2017

AbstractÂ 

A column distillation has been operated for 42 years , Leaking often happens in top of tray part. it has been repaired by jacketing and patching. Meantime there are still some leaks and damages happens in top tray. Some research and repair action were conducted to avoid the same problem in the future and to know the recent condition of the column using fractography examination, Metallography examination, hardness test, chemical composition analysis, thickness and pundit and the result will be deriving us to the caused of the failure and to the impact of the used of patching and jacketing on material. The research results reveal any corrosion and the elements that have been uneven jacketing conditions only at the top of the destilation column.

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Abstrak

Column distilasi telah beroperasi selama 42 tahun, beberapa kali mengalami kebocoran di dinding tray bagian atas dan setiap kali repair dilakukan dengan jacketing dan patching. Pada saat ini masih ditemukan ada beberapa kerusakan/kebocoran juga pada tray atas, untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk tindakan repair dan mengetahui kondisi terkini column melalui pemeriksaan fraktografi, metalografi, uji kekerasan, komposisi kimia, ketebalan dan pundit sehingga secara keseluruhan hasilnya dapat mengetahui penyebab kerusakan dan mengetahui pengaruh patching dan jacketing pada material. Hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya unsur korosi serta kondisi jacketing yang sudah merata pada bagian atas coulumn destilasi.

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Mitos e Lendas como contributo para a diferenciação da Experiência Turística – o caso dos Túneis do Palácio Nacional de Mafra, Portugal
Authors: Morgado Andreia Sofia Costa , Pires Stacy Sarah Dos Santos , Rodrigues Miguel Ângelo Gervasio , Simões Tatiana Zeferino , Almeida António Sérgio Araujo de
Published: December 2017

Desmitificar os Túneis do Palácio Nacional de Mafra, Portugal, perspetivando novas formas de diferenciação de uma oferta turística associada a um imaginário de exotismo e mistério, foi o principal propósito do presente trabalho. Os mitos relativos ao Palácio Nacional de Mafra integram a cultura popular mafrense, pelo que se coloca a possibilidade de envolver a comunidade local com base na apropriação simbólica da sua realidade. O pressuposto do envolvimento comunitário local foi equacionado nos inquéritos realizados junto da comunidade local e, assim, as ofertas turísticas alternativas assumem-se como uma oportunidade de diferenciação da Experiência Turística em Mafra.
Fatores de influência no Processo de Compra de Serviço de Turismo por Idosos
Authors: Levrini Gabriel R. D. , Maciel Giuliane
Published: December 2017

O aumento da população da terceira idade está se tornando muito atrativo para o mercado de consumo, o crescimento deste grupo somado à disponibilidade de tempo indica que a terceira idade seja um segmento em potencial principalmente pelo interesse por viajar. O setor de turismo deve então explorar esses clientes e preparar-se para satisfazê-los. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que influenciam os idosos na decisão de compra por viagens de lazer. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o método qualitativo exploratório, aplicado através de entrevistas em profundidade por meio de roteiro semiestruturado, com quinze entrevistados com faixa etária que varia entre 60 e 90 anos de idade, que realizam viagens de lazer. Na análise dos dados, as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com os objetivos específicos embasadas na teoria apresentada neste estudo. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que os fatores influenciadores na decisão de compra dos consumidores idosos, são principalmente, o estilo de vida que o indivíduo leva suas motivações e suas culturas. Além disso, os idosos necessitam de reconhecimento, assim como inclusão nos meios sociais, o que de fato, é o que buscam ao realizar viagens de lazer.
O mecanismo de autorregulação enquanto estratégia de marketing verde e práticas socioambientais: estudo de caso de uma indústria de motocicletas do Polo Industrial de Manaus – PIM
Authors: Dutra Jurandir Moura , Souza Júnior Armando Araújo de , Moraes Ana Flávia De Moraes
Published: December 2017

A gestão ambiental, através do mecanismo de autorregulação, pode promover um diferencial competitivo às organizações que a implantam. Devido ao processo de globalização e à acirrada competição, mas também por uma exigência do consumidor, as organizações privadas têm orientado suas estratégias no sentido de contemplar as variáveis ambiental e social. Este trabalho buscou avaliar se a Moto Honda da Amazônia, empresa fabricante de motocicletas, instalada no Polo Industrial de Manaus – PIM desde 1976, vem desenvolvendo a gestão socioambiental e práticas de responsabilidade socioambiental. Para tal, perscrutou o documento publicado em seu sítio eletrônico intitulado “Relatório de Sustentabilidade 2015”, cuja metodologia foi escrita em conformidade com as diretrizes do Global Reporting Initiative – GRI, que é um indicador de sustentabilidade que trabalha com mensuração por metas, sendo a abordagem validada, reconhecida e acreditada internacionalmente. Observam-se práticas estratégicas condizentes com as premissas do marketing verde no desenvolvimento de seu composto, assim como práticas de gestão socioambiental que apontam para uma forte tendência do negócio ser gerido com responsabilidade.
Racial and Socioeconomic Gaps in Executive Function Skills in Early Elementary School
Authors: Little Michael
Published: December 2017

This brief leverages the first ever nationally representative data set with a direct assessment of elementary school-aged children’s executive function skills to examine racial and socioeconomic gaps in performance. The analysis reveals large gaps in measures of working memory and cognitive flexibility, the two components of executive function included in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011), based on racial group membership and socioeconomic status. Children’s initial gaps on entry into kindergarten in executive function measures are generally lower than gaps in measures of math and reading achievement. Furthermore, as children progress to the end of second grade, gaps in executive function skills commonly narrow for Black and Hispanic students as well as each socioeconomic status quintile. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Improving Admission of Low-SES Students at Selective Colleges
Authors: Bastedo Michael N. , Bowman Nicholas A.
Published: December 2017

Low-socioeconomic status (SES) students are underrepresented at selective colleges, but the role that admissions offices play is poorly understood. Because admissions offices often have inconsistent information on high school contexts, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether providing detailed information on high school contexts increases the likelihood that admissions officers ( n = 311) would recommend admitting low-SES applicants. Admissions officers in the detailed-information condition were 13 to 14 percentage points (i.e., 26%–28%) more likely to recommend admitting a low-SES applicant from an underserved high school than those in the limited-information condition, although the limited-information condition provided significant details about family SES and high school context. These findings were consistent regardless of the selectivity of the college, admissions office practices, and participant demographics.
Unpacking Assumptions in Research Synthesis: A Critical Construct Synthesis Approach
Authors: Wolgemuth Jennifer R. , Hicks Tyler , Agosto Vonzell
Published: December 2017

Research syntheses in education, particularly meta-analyses and best-evidence syntheses, identify evidence-based practices by combining findings across studies whose constructs are similar enough to warrant comparison. Yet constructs come preloaded with social, historical, political, and cultural assumptions that anticipate how research problems are framed and solutions formulated. The information research syntheses provide is therefore incomplete when the assumptions underlying constructs are not critically understood. We describe and demonstrate a new systematic review method, critical construct synthesis (CCS), to unpack assumptions in research synthesis and to show how other framings of educational problems are made possible when the constructs excluded through methodological elimination decisions are taken into consideration.
University-Partnered New School Designs: Fertile Ground for Research–Practice Partnerships
Authors: Quartz Karen Hunter , Weinstein Rhona S. , Kaufman Gail , Levine Harold , Mehan Hugh , Pollock Mica , Priselac Jody Z. , Worrell Frank C.
Published: December 2017

This commentary suggests that new school design is a fertile policy context for advancing research–practice partnerships. The authors represent four public universities that have created new school designs in partnership with urban school districts. Unlike the laboratory schools of previous generations, these university-partnered public schools were intentionally designed to disrupt persistent patterns of inequity and prepare low-income students of color to flourish in college. The authors argue that these schools provide a promising context for marrying research and practice to bring about fundamental change in schools, with potential for spread of innovation to districts and universities.
Principal Licensure Exams and Future Job Performance: Evidence From the School Leaders Licensure Assessment
Authors: Grissom Jason A. , Mitani Hajime , Blissett Richard S. L.
Published: December 2017

Many states require prospective principals to pass a licensure exam to obtain an administrative license, but we know little about the potential effects of principal licensure exams on the pool of available principals or whether scores predict later job performance. We investigate the most commonly used exam, the School Leaders Licensure Assessment (SLLA), using 10 years of data on Tennessee test takers. We uncover substantial differences in passage rates by test-taker characteristics. In particular, non-Whites are 12 percentage points less likely than otherwise similar White test takers to attain the required licensure score. Although candidates with higher scores are more likely to be hired as principals, we find little evidence that SLLA scores predict measures of principal job performance, including supervisors’ evaluation ratings or teachers’ assessments of school leadership from a statewide survey. Our results raise questions about whether conditioning administrative licensure on SLLA passage is consistent with principal workforce diversity goals.
Can States Take Over and Turn Around School Districts? Evidence From Lawrence, Massachusetts
Authors: Schueler Beth E. , Goodman Joshua S. , Deming David J.
Published: December 2017

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to identify and turn around struggling schools, with federal school improvement money required to fund evidence-based policies. Most research on turnarounds has focused on individual schools, whereas studies of district-wide turnarounds have come from relatively exceptional settings and interventions. We study a district-wide turnaround of a type that may become more common under ESSA, an accountability-driven state takeover of Massachusetts’s Lawrence Public Schools (LPS). A differences-in-differences framework comparing LPS to demographically similar districts not subject to state takeover shows that the turnaround’s first 2 years produced sizable achievement gains in math and modest gains in reading. We also find no evidence that the turnaround resulted in slippage on nontest score outcomes and suggestive evidence of positive effects on grade progression among high school students. Intensive small-group instruction over vacation breaks may have led to particularly large achievement gains for participating students.
Real-Time Estimation of Platform Crowding for New York City Subway: Case Study at Wall Street Station on No. 2 and No. 3 Lines in Financial District
Authors: Caspari Adam , Levine Brian , Hanft Jeffrey , Reddy Alla
Published: December 2017

Amid significant increases in ridership (9.8% over the past 5 years) on the more than 100 year-old New York City Transit (NYCT) subway system, NYCT has become aware of increased crowding on station platforms. Because of limited platform capacity, platforms become crowded even during minor service disruptions. A real-time model was developed to estimate crowding conditions and to predict crowding for 15 min into the future. The algorithm combined historical automated fare collection data on passenger entry used to forecast station entrance, automated fare collection origin–destination inference information used to assign incoming passengers to a particular direction and line by time of day, and general transit feed specification–real time data to determine predicted train arrival times used to assign passengers on the platform to an incoming train. This model was piloted at the Wall Street Station on the No. 2 and No. 3 Lines in New York City’s Financial District, which serves an average 28,000 weekday riders, and validated with extensive field checks. A dashboard was developed to display this information graphically and visually in real time. On the basis of predictions of gaps in service and, consequently, high levels of crowding, dispatchers at NYCT’s Rail Control Center can alter service by holding a train or skipping several stops to alleviate any crowding conditions and provide safe and reliable service in these situations.
Holding Boarding Passengers to Improve Train Operation on Basis of an Economic Dwell Time Model
Authors: Suazo-Vecino Gonzalo , Dragicevic Marina , Muñoz Juan Carlos
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to explain the factors that determine the dwell time of subway trains in Santiago, Chile. On the basis of morning rush-hour video recordings of Line 1’s most critically congested station, Baquedano, explanatory variables were selected to adjust a mathematical model. The purpose behind this model was to identify which factors could be managed to increase the system’s overall operation so as to reduce dwell times and improve passengers’ traveling experience. The model was obtained by adjusting a linear regression that considered the number of boarding passengers, the number of alighting passengers multiplied by the platform’s occupancy level before and after the exchange, and the density inside the train (which had an exponential impact on dwell time). The model’s correlation coefficient was .65, and the train’s passenger density was found to be the most significant variable, as it explained 73.6% of the trains’ average dwell time. In contrast to what might have been expected, the interaction between passengers getting off the train and the platform’s occupancy level explained only 2.1% of the total dwell time. The conclusion of this study was that the passenger’s overall traveling experience could be improved by implementing a passenger management system throughout the platform and slightly reducing the dwell time of the trains. As Baquedano Station is one of the busiest stations of the subway network, reductions in the dwell time of trains could increase overall departure frequencies, which would increase the line capacity and improve network operation of all downstream stations.
Monitoring Signalized Urban Networks: Dynamic Equilibrium-Free Model Based on a Discrete-Time Optimal Control Formulation
Authors: Dimitriou Loukas , Ziliaskopoulos Athanasios
Published: December 2017

Monitoring traffic operations in a detailed manner and at the network level is a fundamental component in optimal traffic systems control. Especially in the case of urban signalized networks, accurate and reliable systems monitoring is essential for applying a wide range of control strategies, mechanisms, and concepts, such as information provision, signal control, and optimal routing. This paper presents a discrete-time optimal control scheme for monitoring urban signalized networks, augmenting real-time traffic information with a dynamic traffic model. A detailed representation of network traffic based on the cell transmission model was dynamically calibrated with a quasi-Newton nonlinear process that could tackle optimization cases of noncontinuous variables by approximating derivatives and performing a line search. An alternative network loading assumption was tested. The loading process covering all network links’ flows relied not on complex dynamic equilibrium assumptions that could infer unnecessary estimation inaccuracies but on the combined estimation of entry flows and turning proportions at each intersection. Results from the application of the proposed framework on a realistic urban network provide encouraging evidence of its value for monitoring realistic urban traffic systems.
Estimation of Time-Varying Origin–Destination Patterns for Design of Multipath Progression on a Signalized Arterial
Authors: Yang Xianfeng , Chang Gang-Len
Published: December 2017

Most state-of-the-art control strategies for coping with arterial congestion provide progression for heavy through-traffic flows. However, such strategies cannot tackle arterial congestion caused by both heavy turning and through-traffic flows, where turning-traffic volumes often spill over their designated bay length and cause link blockage. An effective approach is to offer a progression band to each of those critical path flows that can be identified from the arterial origin–destination (O-D) flow patterns. This study proposes three models for estimating such information from available traffic measurements. The estimated time-varying O-D distributions yield both the number of critical path flows and their respective volume ranks for design of their progression bands. Based on the principle of flow conservations, the first model captures the relationships between link counts and dynamic O-D flows, whereas the second model directly takes turning flows at each intersection as the primary model input. To consider further the impact of traffic signal plans on O-D flow patterns, the third model incorporates a set of additional measurements—the time-varying queue length information—to improve the estimation accuracy. Comparisons of the actual O-D flows and the estimated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models for identifying the heavy flow paths and their respective volumes.
Improved Calibration Method for Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models: Constrained Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Haizheng , Seshadri Ravi , Prakash A. Arun , Pereira Francisco C. , Antoniou Constantinos , Ben-Akiva Moshe E.
Published: December 2017

The calibration of dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models involves the estimation of model parameters to best replicate real-world measurements. Good calibration is essential to estimate and predict accurately traffic states, which are crucial for traffic management applications to alleviate congestion. A widely used approach to calibrate simulation-based DTA models is the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF assumes that the DTA model parameters are unconstrained, although they are in fact constrained; for instance, origin–destination (O-D) flows are nonnegative. This assumption is typically not problematic for small- and medium-scale networks in which the EKF has been successfully applied. However, in large-scale networks (which typically contain numbers of O-D pairs with small magnitudes of flow), the estimates may severely violate constraints. In consequence, simply truncating the infeasible estimates may result in the divergence of EKF, leading to extremely poor state estimations and predictions. To address this issue, a constrained EKF (CEKF) approach is presented; it imposes constraints on the posterior distribution of the state estimators to obtain the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates that are feasible. The MAP estimates are obtained with a heuristic followed by the coordinate descent method. The procedure determines the optimum and are computationally faster by 31.5% over coordinate descent and by 94.9% over the interior point method. Experiments on the Singapore expressway network indicated that the CEKF significantly improved model accuracy and outperformed the traditional EKF (up to 78.17%) and generalized least squares (up to 17.13%) approaches in state estimation and prediction.
Effect of Age and Storage Duration of Seedling on Growth and Yield of Wet Season Rice
Authors: Saha P , Bhuiya MSU , Karmakar B , Salim M , Ahmed B , Shil P , Roy SK
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2013 to find out the effect of seedling age and storage duration on growth and yield of wet season rice. The experiment comprised of four ages of seedling (25, 30, 35 and 40-d-old) and four storage durations (0, 1, 2 and 3-days) of uprooted seedlings. Rice var. BRRI dhan52 was used as a test variety. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications placing seedling age in the main plot and storage duration in the sub- plot. The effect of age and storage -duration of seedling, and their interaction were significant on growth parameters (shoot height, root length, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index and crop growth rate), grain yield and straw yield. The growth parameters and yield exhibited a trend of decrease with the increase in seedling age and storage duration. All the growth parameters and yield showed highest value in the younger seedlings of 25-d-old with 0-day storage duration of uprooted seedlings while the lowest in the older seedlings of 40-d-old with 3-days of storage duration. The var.BRRI dhan52 produced the highest LAI (8.23), CGR (7.33 mg day-1 hill-1) and biomass (26.87 g) at 60, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. Grain yield reduced by 13, 19 and 37% of 30, 35 and 40-d-old seedlings, respectively compared to 25-d-old seedlings. In case of seedling storage, grain yield reduced by 5, 14 and 31% of 1, 2 and 3-d storage, respectively compared to 0-d storage. For optimum growth and yield of wet season rice, 25-d-old seedlings may be stored up to 1-day after uprooting taking into account the possible delay in transporting seedlings to the flood affected area from the nearby districts.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 45-56
Effect of Simulated Flooding and Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Uptake of Rice
Authors: Adjetey JA , Mulbah QS
Published: December 2017

In lowland rice production systems, flooding patterns vary during the cropping period and this poses a serious challenge to productivity due to the effect of flooding on the availability and uptake of nitrogen. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of various flooding patterns on nitrogen use in rice grown under simulated wetland conditions. Rice was grown in a greenhouse at 0, 110 and 220 kg N ha-1 under well watered control conditions, continuous flooding, early flooding at tillering, and late flooding post-tillering. The results showed that continuous and early flooding increased tiller production and grain yield compared to late flooding or non-flooded conditions. Although the highest grain yields under the different flooding patterns were obtained with 220 kg N ha-1, the combination of 110 kg N ha-1 and early flooding also significantly increased tiller productivity, nitrogen recovery, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). There is the need to regulate the supply of nitrogen and water resources if grain yield and NUE has to be increased at minimal costs. Also, compared to well-watered conditions, rice production under flooded conditions lead to increased productivity and N rate must match realistic target yields. Best results are obtained when flooding occurs in the early rather than later parts of the season.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 67-75
Performance of Intercropping Groundnut with Sesame
Authors: Khan MAH , Sultana N , Akhtar S , Akter N , Zaman MS
Published: December 2017

The experiment was carried out at the farmers’ field of On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Mymensingh during two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 to find out the suitable intercropping system for increasing crop productivity and profitability of groundnut with sesame intercropping system. The treatments were T1=sole groundnut, T2=sole sesame, T3= Two rows of groundnut in between paired rows of sesame and T4= Three rows of groundnut in between paired rows of sesame. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Between intercropped treatments, three rows of groundnut within paired rows of sesame showed higher sesame equivalent yield (2.33 tha-1) and groundnut equivalent yield (2.14 tha-1) which provided the yield advantages of 108 and 32% over the respective sole crops. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.64), gross return (Tk 1,28,350 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.15) were also achieved in three rows of groundnut within paired rows of sesame compared to other intercropping and sole cropping systems. The result showed that three rows of groundnut in between paired rows of sesame is found most productive and profitable than sole sesame or sole groundnut for maximum profit in Mymensingh regionBangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 99-105
Comprehensive Screening of Some West and Central African Sesame Genotypes for Drought Resistance Probing by Agromorphological, Physiological, Biochemical and Seed Quality Traits
Authors: Dossa Komivi , Yehouessi Louis , Likeng-Li-Ngue Benoît , Diouf Diaga , Liao Boshou , Zhang Xiurong , Cissé Ndiaga , Bell Joseph
Published: December 2017

Sesame is an important crop in West and Central Africa playing a role of an alternative cash crop for smallholders. However, sesame productivity is highly impaired by drought. This study aimed at identifying some drought-resistant genotypes and efficient screening traits in large sesame germplasm. Ten genotypes were examined based on 21 biochemical, physiological, agromorphological and seed quality traits under three weeks of water stress. A high variability for drought resistance was observed among the genotypes. The genotypes WC17, WC18 and WC14 were drought resistant, WC12, WC13, WC06 and WC03 were moderately drought resistant while, WC02, WC10 and WC08 were drought sensitive, based on principal component analysis. The resistant genotypes exhibited both avoidance and tolerance features including increase of the root system, reduced water loss, highest activity of antioxidative enzymes and accumulation of proline. They produced higher biomass and had higher ability to maintain seed quality under drought stress compared with the sensitive genotypes. Strong accumulation (~200% ratio stress/control) of biochemical markers including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and proline could be regarded as an important indicator for selecting drought resistant genotypes. This study represents a reference for future research towards developing new varieties with improved drought resistance in West and Central Africa.
Should the Contribution of One Additional Lame Cow Depend on How Many Other Cows on the Farm Are Lame?
Authors: Sandøe Peter , Forkman Björn , Hakansson Franziska , Andreasen Sine , Nøhr Rikke , Denwood Matt , Lund Thomas
Published: December 2017

Welfare Quality® proposes a system for aggregation according to which the total welfare score for a group of animals is a non-linear effect of the prevalence of welfare scores across the individuals within the group. Three assumptions serve to justify this: (1) experts do not follow a linear reasoning when they assess a welfare problem; (2) it serves to prevent compensation (severe welfare problems hidden by scoring well on other aspects of welfare); (3) experts agree on the weight of different welfare measures. We use two sources of data to examine these assumptions: animal welfare data from 44 Danish dairy farms with Danish Holstein Friesian cows, and data from a questionnaire study with a convenience sample of 307 experts in animal welfare, of which we received responses from over 50%. Our main results were: (1) the total group-level welfare score as assigned by experts is a non-linear function of the individual animal welfare states within the group; (2) the WQ system does not prevent what experts perceive as unacceptable compensation; (3) the level of agreement among experts appears to vary across measures. Our findings give rise to concerns about the proposed aggregation system offered by WQ.
The Effects of Musical Experience and Hearing Loss on Solving an Audio-Based Gaming Task
Authors: Hansen Kjetil , Hiraga Rumi
Published: December 2017

We conducted an experiment using a purposefully designed audio-based game called the Music Puzzle with Japanese university students with different levels of hearing acuity and experience with music in order to determine the effects of these factors on solving such games. A group of hearing-impaired students (n = 12) was compared with two hearing control groups with the additional characteristic of having high (n = 12) or low (n = 12) engagement in musical activities. The game was played with three sound sets or modes; speech, music, and a mix of the two. The results showed that people with hearing loss had longer processing times for sounds when playing the game. Solving the game task in the speech mode was found particularly difficult for the group with hearing loss, and while they found the game difficult in general, they expressed a fondness for the game and a preference for music. Participants with less musical experience showed difficulties in playing the game with musical material. We were able to explain the impacts of hearing acuity and musical experience; furthermore, we can promote this kind of tool as a viable way to train hearing by focused listening to sound, particularly with music.
A Three-Axis Magnetic Field Microsensor Fabricated Utilizing a CMOS Process
Authors: Tseng Jian-Zhi , Shih Po-Jen , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Dai Ching-Liang
Published: December 2017

This study develops a three-axis magnetic field (MF) microsensor manufactured by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The MF microsensor contains a ring emitter, four bases, and eight collectors. Sentaurus TCAD was used to simulate the microsensor characterization. The STI (shallow trench isolation) oxide in the process was used to limit the current direction and reduce leakage current. The microsensor produces a voltage difference once it senses a magnetic field. An amplifier circuitry magnifies voltage difference into a voltage output. Experiments reveals that the MF microsensor has a sensitivity of 1.45 V/T along the x-axis and a sensitivity of 1.37 V/T along the y-axis.
Urban Roughness Estimation Based on Digital Building Models for Urban Wind and Thermal Condition Estimation—Application of the SkyHelios Model
Authors: Chen Yu-Cheng , Fröhlich Dominik , Matzarakis Andreas , Lin Tzu-Ping
Published: December 2017

Roughness length is a critical parameter for estimation of wind conditions, and it is therefore also relevant for the estimation of human thermal conditions in urban areas. The high density of buildings in urban areas causes large changes in land coverage, thereby increasing surface roughness. This influence atmospheric flow and also leads to a reduction in urban air ventilation, thus increasing the risk of human thermal stress. In this study, a digital building model of Tainan city was used to calculate roughness length using an approach based on Voronoi cells by applying the microclimate model, SkyHelios. The model was also used to estimate the wind conditions, including the wind speed and wind direction. For estimation of the thermal conditions, this study obtained meteorological data for air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, wind speed, and wind direction on two specific days (31 July 2015 and 21 January 2016). To quantify the thermal stress, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was used to represent the thermal conditions. The wind conditions results obtained from the model indicate that even microscale conditions with vortices and corner flow can be represented with high precision and resolution. The thermal conditions results demonstrate that different created environments and microclimate conditions affect the thermal environment. The difference in PET can be up to 3 °C. This study confirmed that comparison of microclimate thermal conditions based on measurements and obtained from modeling using SkyHelios are in sufficient agreement and can be used in urban planning in the future.
Spontaneous Charge Generation in Flowing Albumin Solutions at 35 °C and 38 °C
Authors: Ivanov Yuri , Kozlov Andrey , Galiullin Rafael , Kolesanova Ekaterina , Pleshakova Tatyana
Published: December 2017

The time dependence of a charge accumulation in a 10−15 M albumin solution, flowing through a measuring cell of an analytical flow system injector, had a nonlinear character under certain conditions, within a human physiological temperature range. Sharp charge increases depended on albumin concentration. This effect must be taken into consideration when generating models that describe electrokinetic phenomena in flowing protein solutions and when developing analytical flow systems for the registration of biomolecules in low concentration ranges.