bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineered Bacteriophages Containing Anti-CRISPR Suppress Infection of Antibiotic-Resistant P. aeruginosa
Authors: Qin Shugang , Liu Yongan , Chen Yuting , Hu Jinrong , Xiao Wen , Tang Xiaoshan , Li Guohong , Lin Ping , Pu Qinqin , Wu Qun , Zhou Chuanmin , Wang Biao , Gao Pan , Wang Zhihan , Yan Aixin , Nadeem Khan , Xia Zhenwei , Wu Min
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
P. aeruginosa
) is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe infection in immune-weakened individuals, especially patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Treating
P. aeruginosa
infection with conventional antibiotics is difficult due to its intrinsic multidrug resistance.
Lifetime prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression in a case-cohort study of depression
Authors: Kiewa Jacqueline , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Milgrom Jeannette , Bennett Elizabeth , Mackle Tracey , Guintivano Jerry , Hickie Ian B , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Medland Sarah E , Martin Nick , Wray Naomi , Byrne Enda
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study sought to evaluate the prevalence, timing of onset and duration of symptoms of depression in the perinatal period (PND) in women with depression, according to whether they had a history of depression prior to their first perinatal period. We further sought to identify biopsychosocial correlates of perinatal symptoms in women with depression.

Design and setting

The Australian Genetics of Depression Study is an online case cohort study of the aetiology of depression. For a range of variables, women with depression who report significant perinatal depressive symptoms were compared with women with lifetime depression who did not experience perinatal symptoms.

Participants

In a large sample of parous women with major depressive disorder (n=7182), we identified two subgroups of PND cases with and without prior depression history (n=2261; n=878, respectively).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measure was a positive screen for PND on the lifetime version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Descriptive measures reported lifetime prevalence, timing of onset and duration of PND symptoms. There were no secondary outcome measures.

Results

The prevalence of PND among parous women was 70%. The majority of women reported at least one perinatal episode with symptoms both antenatally and postnatally. Of women who experienced depression prior to first pregnancy, PND cases were significantly more likely to report more episodes of depression (OR=1.15 per additional depression episode, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.17, p<0.001), non-European ancestry (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1, p=0.03), severe nausea during pregnancy (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6, p=0.006) and emotional abuse (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7, p=0.005).

Conclusions

The majority of parous women with lifetime depression in this study experienced PND, associated with more complex, severe depression. Results highlight the importance of perinatal assessments of depressive symptoms, particularly for women with a history of depression or childhood adverse experiences.
Assessing the quality of tuberculosis care using routine surveillance data: a process evaluation employing the Zero TB Indicator Framework in Mongolia
Authors: Saranjav Ariunzaya , Parisi Christina , Zhou Xin , Dorjnamjil Khulan , Samdan Tumurkhuyag , Erdenebaatar Sumiya , Chuluun Altantogoskhon , Dalkh Tserendagva , Ganbaatar Gantungalag , Brooks Meredith B , Spiegelman Donna , Ganmaa Davaasambuu , Davis J Lucian
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of the Zero TB Indicator Framework as a tool for assessing the quality of tuberculosis (TB) case-finding, treatment and prevention services in Mongolia.

Setting

Primary health centres, TB dispensaries, and surrounding communities in four districts of Mongolia.

Design

Three retrospective cross-sectional cohort studies, and two longitudinal studies each individually nested in one of the cohort studies.

Participants

15 947 community members from high TB-risk populations; 8518 patients screened for TB in primary health centres and referred to dispensaries; 857 patients with index TB and 2352 household contacts.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

14 indicators of the quality of TB care defined by the Zero TB Indicator Framework and organised into three care cascades, evaluating community-based active case-finding, passive case-finding in health facilities and TB screening and prevention among close contacts; individual and health-system predictors of these indicators.

Results

The cumulative proportions of participants receiving guideline-adherent care varied widely, from 96% for community-based active case-finding, to 79% for TB preventive therapy among household contacts, to only 67% for passive case-finding in primary health centres and TB dispensaries (range: 29%–80% across districts). The odds of patients completing active TB treatment decreased substantially with increasing age (aOR: 0.76 per decade, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.83, p<0.001) and among men (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.88, p=0.013). Contacts of older index patients also had lower odds of initiating and completing of TB preventive therapy (aOR: 0.60 per decade, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.93, p=0.022).

Conclusions

The Zero TB Framework provided a feasible and adaptable approach for using routine surveillance data to evaluate the quality of TB care and identify associated individual and health system factors. Future research should evaluate strategies for collecting process indicators more efficiently; gather qualitative data on explanations for low-quality care; and deploy quality improvement interventions.
Poincaré, Poincaré recurrence and the H-theorem: A continued reassessment of Boltzmannian statistical mechanics
Authors: Weaver Christopher Gregory
Published: August 2022

In [C. G. Weaver Found. Phys. 51, 1 (2021)], I showed that Boltzmann’s H-theorem does not face a significant threat from the reversibility paradox. I argue that my defense of the H-theorem against that paradox can be used yet again for the purposes of resolving the recurrence paradox without having to endorse heavy-duty statistical assumptions outside of the hypothesis of molecular chaos. As in [C. G. Weaver Found. Phys. 51, 1 (2021)], lessons from the history and foundations of physics reveal precisely how such resolution is achieved.
A Class of Deterministic and Stochastic Fractional Epidemic Models with Vaccination
Authors: Xue Tingting , Fan Xiaolin , Zhu Jian
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a class of fractional deterministic and stochastic susceptible-infected-removed- susceptible (SIRS) epidemic models with vaccination is proposed. For the fractional deterministic SIRS epidemic model, the existence of solution and the stability of equilibrium points are analyzed by using dynamic method. Then, the appropriate controls are established to effectively control the disease and eliminate it. On this basis, the fractional stochastic SIRS epidemic model with vaccination is further considered, and a numerical approximation method is proposed. The correctness of the conclusion is verified by numerical simulation.
Development and Validation of a Simple Model to Predict the Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer on Screening Total Body Skin Examination
Authors: Hartman Rebecca I. , Xue Yun , Karmouta Ryan , Tkachenko Elizabeth , Li Sara J. , Li David G. , Joyce Cara , Mostaghimi Arash
Published: August 2022

Objective. There is insufficient evidence to generate skin cancer screening guidelines at the population level, resulting in arbitrary variation in patient selection for screening skin examinations. This study was aimed at developing an easy‐to‐use predictive model of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk on screening total body skin examination (TBSE). Methods. This epidemiologic assessment utilized data from a prospective, multicenter international study from primarily academic outpatient dermatology clinics. Potential predictors of NMSC on screening TBSE were identified and used to generate a multivariable model that was converted into a point‐based scoring system. The performance characteristics of the model were validated in a second data set from two healthcare institutions in the United States. Results. 8,501 patients were included. Statistically significant predictors of NMSC on screening TBSE included age, skin phototype, and history of NMSC. A multivariable model and point‐based scoring system using these predictors exhibited high discrimination (AUC = 0.82). Conclusion. A simple three‐variable model, abbreviated as CAP (cancer history, age, phototype) can accurately predict the risk of NMSC on screening TBSE by dermatology. This tool may be used in clinical decision making to enhance the yield of screening TBSE.
Evaluation of Manufacturing Innovation Performance in Wuhan City Circle Based on DEA‐BCC Model and DEA‐Malmquist Index Method
Authors: Du Xiaoyan , Wan Binghun , Long Wei , Xue Hui
Published: August 2022

The innovation performance of the manufacturing industry in the Wuhan city circle is evaluated based on the relevant data from 2018 to 2020 in 9 cities of Hubei Province within the Wuhan city circle using the DEA‐BCC model, the DEA‐Malmquist index method, and the location quotient method. This article measures the agglomeration level of innovation elements in the Wuhan city circle, constructs a performance evaluation index system including two input indicators: R&D expenditure and R&D personnel, and two output indicators: new product sales revenue and number of patent applications; evaluates the innovation performance of 27 manufacturing industries in the Wuhan city circle from five aspects: technical efficiency change (effch), technical progress change (techch), pure technical efficiency change (pech), scale efficiency change (sech), and total factor productivity change (tfpch), and compares and analyzes the innovation performance of Wuhan, Xianning, Xiantao, and Tianmen using the DEA‐BCC model and DEAP 2.1. The results show that the agglomeration level of talent elements in the Wuhan city circle is between 0.24 and 1.75, and the agglomeration level of capital elements is between 0.23 and 1.52. The differences between regions are obvious, the degree of coordination is low, and the radiation effect of Wuhan is insufficient. The average value of technological progress is 1.274, which is vital to enhance the innovation performance of the Wuhan manufacturing industry. The technical efficiency dropped by 65%, but the total factor productivity fell only 13%, indicating that the technical efficiency value is not the main factor affecting the innovation performance of Wuhan. The innovation performance of high‐tech and high‐value‐added industries such as computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries is relatively high, while the innovation performance of low‐tech and low‐value‐added industries such as agricultural and sideline food processing industry and textile industry is relatively low. The innovation performance of Xianning, Xiantao, and Tianmen is higher, while the relative technological inefficiency caused by the low‐scale efficiency value adversely affects the innovation performance of Wuhan. The results indicate that increasing the scale of manufacturing innovation investment can effectively enhance the innovation performance of the Wuhan city circle manufacturing industry.
A Numerical Approach for the Analytical Solution of the Fourth-Order Parabolic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Liu Fenglian , Nadeem Muhammad , Mahariq Ibrahim , Dawood Suliman
Published: August 2022

In this study, we propose a new iterative scheme (NIS) to investigate the approximate solution of the fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) that arises in transverse vibration problems. We introduce the Mohand transform as a new operator that is very easy to implement coupled with the homotopy perturbation method. This NIS is capable of reducing the linearization, perturbation, and restrictive assumptions that ruin the nature of the numerical problems. Some numerical examples are demonstrated to legitimate the accuracy and authenticity of this NIS. The computational results are obtained in the shape of a series that converges only after a few iterations. The comparison of the graphical representations shows that NIS is a very simple but also an effective approach for other numerical problems involving complex variables.
Preparation and Properties of Functional Materials Based on Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Deng Weiping , Xie Deqiao , Liu Fuxi , Shen Lida , Tian Zongjun , Yang Yang
Published: August 2022

3D printing, known as the “new industrial revolution,” has set off an upsurge in the scientific and technological field in recent years, and 3D printing of digital light processing technology has even improved the performance and efficiency of 3D printing. This technology uses the projection principle to form; no matter the size of the workpiece, the forming speed is not affected. It uses very cheap lamp radiation, the system has no injection‐molded components, there is no nozzle clogging problem of traditional molding systems, and maintenance costs are greatly reduced. In this paper, based on digital light processing 3D printing technology, light‐curing reactive functional materials commonly used in digital light processing 3D printing are prepared. In the past, most of these materials were imported. In this paper, by adjusting the DLP technology, a water‐soluble photocurable reflection material is constructed, a method for shaping the reaction material. It conducts experiments on the preparation and performance research of water‐soluble photocurable reaction materials through formulation and process optimization. It prepared a water‐soluble photocurable reactive functional material and compared it with traditional imported materials. Due to the characteristics of UV curing and good mechanical properties and water solubility, it provides a new idea for the preparation of 3D printing‐related functional materials.
Analysis on Stress-Strain Model of Unsaturated Ice-Containing Soil
Authors: Han Qiang , Wang Zhiguo , Teng Zhenchao , Zhang Yunfeng , Xue Meng , Qin Xiaokai
Published: August 2022

The relationship between the stress-strain characteristics of ice-containing unsaturated soil and its various physical properties has important implications for the design and construction of transportation and building projects. The study also reveals the varying phases of the substance that can be deposited within the pore space. During winter, the freezing-thawing cycles affect the various media that can be deposited within the soil pore space, such as water and other water. The presence of water and others in the soil’s pores can cause a freeze-thawing phenomenon and a significant change in the material’s elastic modulus. This paper presents a method that uses the representative elementary volume (REV) model to perform a representative state variable analysis on an unsaturated ice-containing soil with porosity. The three stress-strain REV models that were developed for the study were designed to analyze the properties of an unsaturated ice-containing soil under freezing-thawing conditions. Then a comprehensive analysis of the soil’s various components was performed. The effects of frozen soil on the change law of the relationship between different porous medium are studied. The study also explores the effects of the presence of porosity on the variation law of the frozen soil relationship between the stress-strain. The paper presents the study of the variation characteristics of the elastic modulus of permafrost soil. It also explores the various factors (porosity, moisture content, ice percentage, and tortuosity) that influence the stress-strain characteristics of unsaturated soil.
GLD-Net: Deep Learning to Detect DDoS Attack via Topological and Traffic Feature Fusion
Authors: Guo Wei , Qiu Han , Liu Zimian , Zhu Junhu , Wang Qingxian
Published: August 2022

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are the most common means of cyberattacks against infrastructure, and detection is the first step in combating them. The current DDoS detection mainly uses the improvement or fusion of machine learning and deep learning methods to improve classification performance. However, most classifiers are trained with statistical flow features as input, ignoring topological connection changes. This one-sidedness affects the detection accuracy and cannot provide a basis for the distribution of attack sources for defense deployment. In this study, we propose a topological and flow feature-based deep learning method (GLD-Net), which simultaneously extracts flow and topological features from time-series flow data and exploits graph attention network (GAT) to mine correlations between non-Euclidean features to fuse flow and topological features. The long short-term memory (LSTM) network connected behind GAT obtains the node neighborhood relationship, and the fully connected layer is utilized to achieve feature dimension reduction and traffic type mapping. Experiments on the NSL-KDD2009 and CIC-IDS2017 datasets show that the detection accuracy of the GLD-Net method for two classifications (normal and DDoS flow) and three classifications (normal, fast DDoS flow, and slow DDoS flow) reaches 0.993 and 0.942, respectively. Compared with the existing DDoS attack detection methods, its average improvement is 0.11 and 0.081, respectively. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the detection accuracy of attack flow and the four source distribution indicators ranges from 0.7 to 0.83, which lays a foundation for the inference of attack source distribution. Notably, we are the first to fuse topology and flow features and achieve high-performance DDoS attack intrusion detection through graph-style neural networks. This study has important implications for related research and development of network security systems in other fields.
Driver Route Planning Method Based on Accident Risk Cost Prediction
Authors: Liao Xiaoleng , Zhou Tong , Wang Xu , Dai Rongjian , Chen Xuehui , Zhu Xiangmin
Published: August 2022

The number of cars on roadways around the world continues to increase year over year. However, the imbalance between traffic supply and demand has not only brought traffic congestion but also caused serious safety problems. To reduce travel risk, this study proposes a driver route planning method based on accident risk cost prediction for connected and automated vehicles. According to the entropy weight method and an improved algorithm of K shortest paths, a route planning model with accident risk as the main optimization objective was established. Firstly, an accident risk evaluation system was built based on traffic accident data, and a quantitative prediction model of accident risk cost based on driver-, vehicle-, road-, and environment-related factors was constructed. Secondly, the entropy weight method was used to calculate the weights of each indicator to determine accident risk considering the aforementioned factors. Then, the route planning model was established, and the solution algorithm based on K shortest paths was designed to solve the optimal route by comprehensively considering accident risk cost and travel time. The accident risk index of each road section in the example road network was assigned, and the risk of the road section was quantified according to the accident risk cost model. Three candidate paths were calculated by using the path planning algorithm proposed in this study; the total risk cost is 6.19, 6.26, and 6.39, respectively; and the total travel time is 29, 29, and 31, respectively. After comparison, the optimal path and two alternative paths are obtained. The results show that the accident risk cost prediction model based on historical accident data can be used to quantify driving risk. The proposed method can help drivers in the connected and automated environment choose the optimal travel route with the lowest risk and shortest travel time and improve overall traffic safety and efficiency.
Streptococcus mitis/oralis Corneal Ulcer in a Patient with Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Unusual Route
Authors: Jaffry Mustafa , Lister Mark
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To report a case of Streptococcus mitis oralis (S. mitis/oralis) corneal ulcer in a patient with a possible preventable cause. Methods. Cultures were obtained from a 64-year-old woman with a

3.5
 
mm
×
5
 
mm

corneal ulcer with hypopyon in the left eye. Results. Culture reports demonstrated the growth of S. mitis/oralis, a commensal organism of the oral flora. Fortified vancomycin 5% eye drops were started, and the patient was counseled on the rarity of the bacteria as an etiology of corneal ulcers. On the return visit, the patient, who works in a doctor’s office, volunteered information that the preservative free artificial tear vials that she used were difficult to open because of her hand deformity due to rheumatoid arthritis; thus, she had to bite the vials open. Conclusions. S. mitis/oralis is an organism commonly found in the mouth but is rarely found in the eye. We report a unique case of an immunocompromised patient with rheumatoid arthritis, severe dry eye, and a history of multiple episodes of keratolysis, who developed a corneal ulcer from a rare pathogen, with a plausible and preventable route of infection.
Remote Monitoring Application in Treatment of Gynecological Inflammation Based on Association Rule Algorithm
Authors: Manjuan Qian
Published: August 2022

The storage center of the main data of the information system is called the database, and the database is often attacked. The traditional database security mechanism based on identity authentication and access control is a passive security mechanism that focuses on prevention, which cannot ensure the security of modern databases. This study analyzes the remote monitoring application in the treatment of gynecological inflammation based on the association rule algorithm. Medical remote monitoring can be realized through 5G technology, smart wearable devices, etc., and online HD consultation and medical image data synchronization can be realized through wired video. Based on the analysis of the unique query structure of the database, this study makes a comprehensive discussion on the theory and method of database anomaly detection technology and focuses on how to integrate data mining methods such as association rules and clustering into the database anomaly detection. The results show that the medical examination system in this study can effectively improve the medical level of gynecology, and has practical significance in the clinical practice of gynecological inflammation. With the development of 5G technology, there will be more remote monitoring medical equipment connected to the Internet, health information can be transmitted to professional health institutions, real-time monitoring of users’ physical health through big data, and timely provision of health guidance and early warning.
Analysis of Incorporation of Ion‐Bombarded Nickel Ions with Silicon Nanocrystals for Microphotonic Devices
Authors: Natrayan L. , Kumar P. V. Arul , Kaliappan S. , Sekar S. , Patil Pravin P. , Jayashri R. , Esakki Raj E. S.
Published: August 2022

Nanotechnology is playing a greater role in biomedical engineering. Microphotonic technology is on another side, having faster growth with more requirements. The nanocrystals are a part of nanotechnology which uses silicon for manufacturing. These silicon nanocrystals have the optical property mostly used in microphotonic devices. Silicon nanocrystals are of biocompatibility with less toxicity. Therefore, the advancement in the silicon nanocrystal helps develop more microphotonic devices for biological purposes. One critical factor of silicon nanocrystal is the surface defects or surface imperfections. Surface passivation is the method employed for rectifying this disadvantage of silicon nanocrystal. Another major thing is that silicon nanocrystals are size dependent. So proper variation on the surface is required for yielding high performance of the nanocrystal. After characterizing the surface of the silicon nanocrystal, ion bombardment can occur. Nickel is a lustrous white chemical element which is less reactive when it is of a smaller size. So ion bombardment of nickel ion on the surface of the silicon nanocrystal can be done to improvise the performance of the microphotonic devices. Nearly there is an excess of 20 a.u. of photoluminescence intensity yielded. The relative fluorescence is also increased by 150 a.u. This research work enhanced the silicon nanocrystal using ion bombardment of nickel ion, which increased energy traps resulting in more intensities.
Predicting Breast Cancer Leveraging Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Aamir Sanam , Rahim Aqsa , Aamir Zain , Abbasi Saadullah Farooq , Khan Muhammad Shahbaz , Alhaisoni Majed , Khan Muhammad Attique , Khan Khyber , Ahmad Jawad
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of increasing deaths in women worldwide. The complex nature (microcalcification and masses) of breast cancer cells makes it quite difficult for radiologists to diagnose it properly. Subsequently, various computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have previously been developed and are being used to aid radiologists in the diagnosis of cancer cells. However, due to intrinsic risks associated with the delayed and/or incorrect diagnosis, it is indispensable to improve the developed diagnostic systems. In this regard, machine learning has recently been playing a potential role in the early and precise detection of breast cancer. This paper presents a new machine learning-based framework that utilizes the Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, and Multilayer Perception approaches to efficiently predict breast cancer from the patient data. For this purpose, the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset has been utilized and classified using a hybrid Multilayer Perceptron Model (MLP) and 5-fold cross-validation framework as a working prototype. For the improved classification, a connection-based feature selection technique has been used that also eliminates the recursive features. The proposed framework has been validated on two separate datasets, i.e., the Wisconsin Prognostic dataset (WPBC) and Wisconsin Original Breast Cancer (WOBC) datasets. The results demonstrate improved accuracy of 99.12% due to efficient data preprocessing and feature selection applied to the input data.
Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Joule Heating and Slip Velocity on Unsteady Squeezing Nanofluid Flow
Authors: Ullah Hakeem , Khan Hina , Fiza Mehreen , Ullah Kashif , Islam Saeed , Al-Mekhlafi Seham M.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we studied unsteady MHD nanofluid squeezing flow between two parallel plates considering the effect of Joule heating and thermal radiation. The governing equations in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of similarity transformation. The obtained boundary value problem is solved analytically by optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM) and numerically by Runge–Kutta method of order 4 (RKMO4). The OAFM results are validated and compared to the results of RKMO4. The effects of physical parameters such as stretching parameter

S

, Prandtl number

Pr

, Eckert number Ec, magnetic number

M

, volume friction

φ

electric parameter

E

1

, and porous parameter

γ

on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed with the help of plots. Also, the skin friction and Nusselt numbers effects are discussed with the help of tabular data. As the plates move apart, the Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient decline and the Prandtl number decreases the temperature profile, whereas the stretching and Eckert number increases causing to increase the temperature field.
Influencing Factors Analysis of Local Environmental Regulation Implementation Behaviors in China: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test
Authors: Pan Feng , Wang Lin
Published: August 2022

It is a necessary means and a powerful point to promote the construction of ecological civilization by in‐depth investigation of the implementation behaviors of local environmental regulation and effective identification their influencing factors. Using dynamic game method, the interaction between local government and pollution discharging enterprises is studied in the process of environmental regulation implementation, implementation behaviors and their influencing factors are analyzed, and empirically tested by Structural Equation Model. The results show that increasing marginal inspection budget and reducing marginal inspection cost can improve the inspection probability of local government; reducing the influence coefficient of enterprise profit on local government utility, increasing the weight coefficient of environmental indicators in the performance appraisal system, and increasing the administrative penalty rate, can improve the probability of levy and penalty on pollution discharging enterprises. Reducing the emission standard of pollution can increase the penalty probability; increasing pollution discharge fee rate will reduce the penalty probability on pollution discharging enterprises, while increasing the fine rate for excessive pollution will reduce the levy probability imposed on enterprises by local governments. Empirical test verifies the above theoretical analysis results. Based on the above research conclusions, it is necessary to revise incentive mechanism and restrain behavior orientation of local governments, gradually increase the environmental inspection budget, reduce the environmental inspection cost, increase rewards and punishments of environmental protection activities, reduce the influence of enterprise profit on local government utility, and scientifically formulate environmental protection standards.
Multimodal Imaging of Unilateral Acute Maculopathy Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Anjou Mickael , Fajnkuchen Franck , Nabholz Nicolas , Nghiem-Buffet Sylvia , Mrejen Sarah , Giocanti-Aurégan Audrey
Published: August 2022

We described clinical and multimodal imaging findings in 4 patients with unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Four eyes of 4 patients (3 women and 1 man) with a mean age of 35 years (range: 24–40 years) were included. A bacillary detachment was observed in 3 out of the 4 eyes and was strongly suspected in the remaining eye. This particular detachment was resolved within 5–10 days in our series. A choriocapillaris involvement was supported by the multimodal imaging findings. On indocyanine green angiography, a hypofluorescence was observed throughout the sequence, and OCT angiography showed a defect of the choriocapillaris perfusion. In this case series, a complete multimodal retinal assessment allowed identifying the choriocapillaris as the primary tissue involved in UAIM associated with coxsackie virus infection. In 3 out of our 4 cases, a bacillary detachment with a transient evolution was identified.
Total Traumatic Expulsive Iridodialysis with an Orbital-Floor Fracture
Authors: Mathan Jeremy John , Chandra Varun
Published: August 2022

The objective of this report was to describe a case of total traumatic iridodialysis in the context of blunt trauma with an orbital-floor fracture. A 76-year-old female presented post-fall with right-eye blunt trauma. She underwent canthotomy and cantholysis due to concern of orbital compartment syndrome in a regional hospital with emergency physicians clearing dark tissue near the lateral canthus at the time of canthotomy cantholysis. She had a traumatic expulsive iridodialysis with 360° loss of iris through the previous phacoemulsification wound in the clear cornea. The patient also had an orbital-floor fracture, which together with internal decompression through the previous phacoemulsification wound possibly prevented further damage to intraocular structures. There was good visual recovery. Herein, we propose that the combination of the orbital-floor fracture in tandem with the reopening of the previous phaco wound served as a decompressing mechanism to prevent further intraocular injury above that of total iridodialysis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Bulgaria: An Internet-Based Survey
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Velikova Tsvetelina , Dimitrova-Yurukova Desislava , Snegarova Violeta , Nakov Nikolas , Nakov Ventsislav
Published: August 2022

Background: The global pooled prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is approximately 14% and varies significantly according to the country. More population-based studies are needed in regions lacking epidemiological data on the prevalence of GORD, such as Eastern Europe, particularly Bulgaria. This current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GORD in Bulgaria and assess the risk factors associated with this disorder. Methods: An internet-based health survey was sent to Bulgarian adults. Individuals were invited to complete an online questionnaire on general and gastrointestinal health. The aim of the study was not explicitly stated. The survey collected data on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, validated questions to assess GORD, diagnostic questions based on Rome IV criteria to assess irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), and questions about antisecretory drugs usage. Results: Data were collected from 1,896 individuals (mean age = 35.5 years, SD = 11.7, 73.1% females). The prevalence of GORD in the study population was 27.5%, while 57.29% of all GORD patients taking PPIs had PPI-refractory GORD. Age (p = 0.02), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), marital status (p = 0.03), occupation (p < 0.001), sexual problems (p < 0.001), FD (p < 0.001), and IBS (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with GORD prevalence. Patients with FD (p < 0.001; OR 5.38), IBS (p = 0.03; OR 1.07), and with higher BMI (p < 0.001, OR 1.05) were at an increased risk of having GORD. Conclusions: The first data on GORD prevalence in the adult population in Bulgaria have been reported. Disorders of gut-brain interaction have a significant impact on the prevalence of GORD.
Conceptual Commitments of Constructivism in an Age when Truth Matters
Authors: Lightfoot Cynthia , Müller Ulrich , Rodríguez Cintia
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this special issue is to critically examine the constructivist moorings of contemporary developmental theory and practice, including the practice of research methods. This introduction to the special issue is intended to foreshadow the papers presented here by charting the terrain of several conceptual commitments that we consider paradigmatic cornerstones to constructivist approaches. Although constructivism has deep roots across disciplines in the sciences and humanities, generating a wealth of scholarship focused on its various assumptions and theoretical principles, here we target three: the active subject, normativity, and historicity. These principles are theoretically axiomatic of constructivist approaches, strongly interconnected, and highly relevant to some of the most pressing debates and challenges affecting contemporary science and society, not the least because they question fundamental notions that we often take for granted – notions as vital as the meanings of truth, fact, and objectivity. After presenting a primer on the meaning and significance of these three principles, we review their status as critical signposts for the work of scholars contributing to this special issue.
Uveamelanom: Neue Therapieoption zugelassen
Authors: Klespe Kai-Christian
Published: August 2022

In der IMCgp100–202 Studie wurden zuvor unbehandelte HLA-A*02:01-positive Patient*innen mit metastasiertem Aderhautmelanom im Verhältnis 2:1 nach dem Zufallsprinzip entweder mit Tebentafusp (Tebentafusp-Gruppe) oder einer Therapie nach Wahl des Prüfarztes mit Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab oder Dacarbazin (Kontrollgruppe) behandelt, stratifiziert nach dem Laktatdehydrogenase-Spiegel. Der primäre Endpunkt war das Gesamt­überleben. Die Gesamtüberlebensrate nach einem Jahr betrug 73% in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe und 59% in der Kontrollgruppe (Hazard Ratio für Tod 0,51; 95% Konfidenzintervall [CI] 0,37 bis 0,71; P<0,001) in der Intention-to-Treat-Population. Das progressionsfreie Überleben war in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe ebenfalls signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe (31% gegenüber 19% nach 6 Monaten; Hazard Ratio für Krankheitsprogression oder Tod, 0,73; 95% CI, 0,58 bis 0,94; P = 0,01). Die häufigsten behandlungsbedingten unerwünschten Ereignisse in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe waren zytokinvermittelte Ereignisse (aufgrund von T-Zell-Aktivierung) und hautbezogene Ereignisse (aufgrund von Glykoprotein-100-positiven Melanozyten), einschließlich Hautausschlag (83%), Pyrexie (76%) und Pruritus (69%). Die Häufigkeit und der Schweregrad dieser unerwünschten Ereignisse nahmen nach den ersten 3 oder 4 Dosen ab und führten nur in seltenen Fällen zum Abbruch der Studienbehandlung (2%). Es wurden keine behandlungsbedingten Todesfälle gemeldet.
Transradial Approach for Pediatric Diagnostic and Neurointerventional Surgery: Single‐Center Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Baig Ammad A. , Neumaier Jenna , Hashmi Yusuf J. , Waqas Muhammad , Cappuzzo Justin M. , Monteiro Andre , Rai Hamid H. , Khawar Wasiq , Snyder Kenneth V. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H , Reynolds Renee M. , Davies Jason M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Recent widespread adoption of a transradial approach in adults has encouraged its use and expansion in children; however, the safety and feasibility of the transradial approach in the latter has not been established. We evaluated these characteristics in our pediatric case series and compared our results with those in the literature.

Methods

Our prospectively maintained database was retrospectively searched for consecutive patients ≤18 years of age who underwent diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography through the transradial approach. Patient demographics, indications for the procedure, use of ultrasound guidance, arterial size at the access site, intra‐ and postprocedure complications, and outcomes were recorded. For the literature review, systematic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were conducted using keywords with Boolean operators (“radial artery” AND “pediatric”) for studies published in English between January 2000 and September 2021. Continuous variables were reported as means or medians and respective standard deviations and interquartile ranges according to data normality. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies.

Results

Twenty‐one patients were included in our series (mean age, 16.6±2.23 years, range 9–17 years; male sex, 11 [52.4%]). The transradial approach was used for diagnostic angiography in 15 cases (71.4%) and intervention in 6 (28.6%). Ultrasound guidance was used and a “radial cocktail” (verapamil‐heparin‐nitroglycerin) was given in all cases. Mean radial artery access‐site diameter was 2.2±0.46 mm. Two cases (9.5%) required conversion to femoral access. Two patients (9.5%) suffered reversible vasospasm. No radial artery occlusion or permanent neurologic deficits were recorded. The systematic review showed results similar to ours for vasospasm rates (6.3% and 9.5%, respectively) and procedural outcomes (92% and 91%, respectively). [Correction added on November 8, 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the value 7% was changed to 6.3%, and the value 93% was changed to 92%.]

Conclusion

Our results and the literature review demonstrate that the transradial approach is a safe and feasible option for pediatric patients. Routine use of ultrasound guidance, selection of appropriately sized catheters, and prophylactic use of vasodilators and antispasmodics can help ensure the success of the procedure and limit common access‐site complications.
Functional Arterial Anatomy of the Brain
Authors: Ota Takahiro
Published: August 2022

The basic patterns of the cerebral arteries development are highly conserved across vertebrates. Historical and recent studies based on human embryos, comparative anatomy, and cerebral angiographies allowed us to better understand the embryological development of the cerebral arteries. The knowledge and understanding of such embryological development are important for neurointerventionalists interested in neurovascular diseases, especially stroke, because we may encounter unexpected anatomical variants in neuroendovascular practice. Understanding the embryological processes is essential in understanding cerebral arterial anatomy. This review discusses the development of the aortic arch, great brachiocephalic vessels to the cerebral arteries, and their anatomical variations, with an embryological point of view.
Redescription of Orbitacolax leptoscari (Yamaguti, 1953) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae), with descriptions of the late copepodid stages
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: August 2022

Orbitacolax leptoscari (Yamaguti, 1953) is redescribed based on specimens of both adults, both sexes of copepodid V, and copepodid IV sex undetermined, all based on specimens recovered from under the scales of Pseudolabrus sieboldi Mabuchi & Nakabo, 1997 and Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes, 1839) (Labridae), as well as Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840) (Scaridae) in Japan. Descriptions of the copepodid V male and copepodid IV sex undetermined are the first time for the genus. The results also show that the number of setal elements on leg 5 and the possession of rostral processes, are useless for sex determination in the copepodid stages of species of this genus.
Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography
Authors: MADDOCKS ROSALIE F.
Published: August 2022

The esophageal valve follows a uniform design in species of Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia, having a thin, wedge-shaped plate with 10–16 small teeth along the posterior edge. This structure may be added to the list of diagnostic anatomical traits, including the scissors-like antennal claws and complex distal appendages of the hemipenis, for identification of living species of these genera. These soft anatomical characters are invariably associated with bairdoppilatan supplemental dentition on the carapace, which supports the reliability of that trait for identification of fossils. This report evaluates the consistency of the esophageal plate in nine living species of Bairdoppilata. Photographs of the Oligocene type species, B. martyni, are provided for the first time. Geographic populations of the common Caribbean species, B. cushmani, display some heterogeneity in carapace size and proportions. B. hirsutella, n. sp., is proposed for a population previously misidentified as B. hirsuta. Supplemental information and illustrations are provided for Glyptobairdia coronata and G. trinodosa.
Discoxenus Wasmann new to China with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: XU WANG , CAI YU-JIE , ZENG QING-HUAI , WANG WEI-MIN , YU XIN-FAN , SONG XIAO-BIN
Published: August 2022

The termitophilous genus Discoxenus Wasmann, 1904 (Aleocharini: Compactopediina) is recorded from China for the first time and a new species from Guangdong is described under the name: Discoxenus shenzhenensis sp. nov.
Identification and whole-genome sequencing analysis of Vibrio vulnificus strains causing pearl gentian grouper disease in China
Authors: Wu Zun , Wu Yating , Gao Haofeng , He Xuexin , Yao Qiang , Yang Zhanglei , Zhou Jinyi , Ji Linting , Gao Jinwei , Jia Xuying , Dou Yong , Wang Xiaoyu , Shao Peng
Published: August 2022

Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that causes disease in marine fish, affecting fish farming and human health worldwide. In May 2021, in the Bohai Bay region, a disease broke out in commercially farmed pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus), causing huge economic losses. The diseased fish had skin lesions, water accumulation in their abdomens, and showed tissue and organ damage. V. vulnificus biotype 2 has been reported in eels and other marine fish, but it is less reported in pearl gentian grouper. In this study, the pathogenic strain isolated from diseased fish was identified as V. vulnificus EPL 0201 biotype 2 on the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and the results of 16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequencing, virulence gene detection, and recursive infection experiments. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenicity and drug resistance of this strain, whole-genome sequencing was performed. Whole-genome analysis showed that the gene map of this strain was complete. The Virulence Factor Database annotation results showed that this strain had the key virulence factor genes vvhA and rtxA, which cause host disease. In addition, this strain had genes conferring resistance against cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed the presence of these resistance genes identified in the genome. The results of this study show that V. vulnificus EPL 0201 biotype 2 is a multi-drug resistant strain with high pathogenicity.
Spectacle lenses with slightly aspherical lenslets for myopia control: clinical trial design and baseline data
Authors: Chen Junhong , Zhuo Ran , Chen Jiayan , Yang Adeline , Lim Ee Woon , Bao Jinhua , Drobe Björn , Spiegel Daniel P. , Chen Hao , Hou Lijie
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Myopia is a major public health problem and it is essential to find safe and effective means to control its progression. The study design and baseline data are presented for a one-year prospective, double-masked, crossover, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of single vision spectacle lenses with concentric rings of slightly aspherical contiguous lenslets technology (SAL) on myopia control.

Methods

One hundred 8- to 13-year old Chinese children with a refractive error of -0.75 D to -4.75 D were assigned to two groups. In Group 1, SAL and single vision lenses were each worn for 6 months, and Group 2 wore the lenses in the reversed order. Primary outcomes are axial length and spherical equivalent of cycloplegic refractive error. Secondary outcomes included corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, visual acuity, and lens adaptation.

Results

No significant differences in baseline parameters (cycloplegic spherical equivalent, axial length, age) were found between groups (0.49 < p < 0.94). All children adapted well to the test lenses and there was no significant difference in visual acuity between the SAL and single vision lenses (p = 0.27).

Conclusions

The children in the two well balanced groups had comparable visual acuity and adapted well to the test lenses. These results imply that visual acuity can be well improved by SAL lenses. Clear visual acuity provides the assurance for good compliance in this longitudinal study.