bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of functional outcome after early and delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review
Authors: Kresna I Putu Dharma , Hernugrahanto Kukuh Dwiputra , Wardhani Rr. Indrayuni Lukitra , Utomo Dwikora Novembri
Published: July 2022

This study aims to find the optimal timing for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction by comparing the outcome of early versus delayed ACL reconstruction, meniscus, and chondral damage. A systematic literature search was performed from February to March 2021 from 4 databases. Inclusion criteria were English language Randomized Control Trial (RCT) and observational studies published in 2000-2020, 20-50 years old patients with an isolated ACL tear with/without meniscal injury underwent ACL reconstruction. Early ACL reconstruction was estimated at less than six weeks post-injury, and delayed ACL reconstruction was estimated at more than six weeks. Tegner and Lysholm were the functional outcomes to compare early and delayed ACL reconstruction with a meniscus tear and chondral damage. The search yielded 3094 studies. After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were screened, leaving 154 potential studies. The studies were selected, and eight studies were eligible. No statistically significant difference between early and delayed ACL reconstruction in Lysholm and Tegner score (p>0,05) was found. Both scores were similar regarding whether the patient performs early/delayed ACL reconstruction. Therefore, early ACL reconstruction could be an optimal timing for the patient who will undergo ACL reconstruction.
Informed consent management guidance model of regional anesthesia: Education of young doctors in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Setyowati Titin , Lahdji Aisyah
Published: July 2022

Informed consent is not necessarily a guarantee for a hospital or health service to avoid disputes between the health provider and the recipient of the health service. This can be caused by the disruption of communication that is less effective and efficient where an Anesthesia Co-Assistant is less clear in delivering the informed consent problem so that the patient has another understanding of what the Anesthesia Co-Assistant is saying. So it takes guidance for Co-Assistant Anesthesia to have comprehensive abilities about a) understanding of regional anesthesia, b) understanding of regional anesthetic techniques, c) understanding of indications and contraindications, d) understanding of drug pharmacology, e) understanding of how to deal with complications, f) understanding of effective communication with patients.
A Preliminary Study on the Verbal System of the Syrian Dialect of Ṭarṭūs
Authors: De Blasio Emanuela
Published: July 2022

The present study focuses on the analysis of the verbal system of Arabic spoken in Ṭarṭūs, a city located on the west coast of Syria. The research analyses the verb above all from the aspectual and modal point of view, with hints to some traits of the rural dialect imported into the city from the Alawite community. The variety of Ṭarṭūs and the surrounding areas falls within the subgroup of coastal dialects of Syria (Behnstedt 1997) and since, as Procházka (2013) points out, they are among the least studied yet, this research may constitute a starting point for further studies and insights into the variety of Ṭarṭūs and the dialects of this area.
The Use of the Body and the Representation of Elderly Parents’ Care in the Visual Art from the Arab World
Preliminary Remarks for a Comparative Approach
Authors: Mondini Sara
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to present the first preliminary results of The Changing Body and the Care Experience in Visual Arts in a Comparative and Cross-cultural Perspective Between Western and Mediterranean Art, a research project focused on the perception and representation of care in the MENA region (i.e. the Middle East and North Africa). In modern and contemporary artistic productions from the area, a reflection on the perception and visual representation of care must necessarily set out from the depiction of the body and illness, which plays a crucial role in any discourse on caring. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer an initial overview of the visual representation of caring, and of the way in which it is understood in North Africa and Middle East, through the comparative analysis of some case studies.
The Word and Its Representations: A Note on the Maḵzan al-asrār by Neẓāmi Ganjavi
Authors: Meneghini Daniela
Published: July 2022

In the light of several previous studies, this contribution aims to introduce the study of Neẓāmi’s poetics through the reading of his poems but specifically through the verses dedicated to his reflection on the soḵan. In this first essay, we start from the reading and analysis of two chapters from Maḵzan al-asrār explicitly dedicated to this subject. The paper proposes a brief introduction to place the two chapters in their more general context, the translation of the 93 verses and a brief thematic and rhetorical analysis of their development, which represents the theoretical-aesthetic premise for all his later works.
‘Demonstrating on the Outside’ and ‘Reviving on the Inside’. The Oriental School of Rome and the Reorganisation of Oriental Studies in Italy
Authors: Crisanti Alice
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to retrace a piece of the history of Oriental Studies in Rome and, more broadly, in Italy in the first years of the 20th century. Starting from unpublished documents, it chronicles the events related to the establishment of the Oriental School at the University of Rome (1904) and the subsequent reorganisation effort its professors – directed by I. Guidi – had hoped for. This attempt was the occasion for F.L. Pullé, in his role of member of the High Council for Public Education, to draw up a detailed report on Italian Oriental Studies which put forth a series of concrete proposals for a more general renewal of this field. In addition to allowing a better understanding of the history of Roman – and, more generally, Italian – Oriental Studies, the events recounted herein are emblematic of a broader effort, sustained by the same Orientalists since the mid-nineteenth century, to give a recognisable identity and a unitary orientation to a diverse group of disciplines.
The Kindai shūka and the Eiga taigai by Fujiwara no Teika
A Contrastive Analysis
Authors: Giordano Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Fujiwara no Teika was a pivotal figure in classical Japanese poetry not only because of the many high-level poems he wrote or of the imperial anthologies he edited, but also because of his poetic treatises. In this paper, I will examine two of them: Kindai shūka (Superior Poems of Recent Times, 1209) and Eiga taigai (Fundamentals of Poetic Composition, after 1221). They both present a theoretical introduction followed by a selection of outstanding poems to be taken as examples by those who want to learn how to compose waka. The key feature of the anthology parts is to be found in the organisation of the poems, since they follow an order that respects the principles of association and of progression typical of the anthologies and of the sequences of the time. In this paper, I will compare these two treatises, with a focus on their similarities and differences. I will also try to understand, in the absence of explanatory notes by the author himself, what motivations might have induced the poet to modify what was stated in the introductory part and to reorganise the selection of the poems.
Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çeşitlerinde Farklı Tuz Konsantrasyonlarının Çimlenme ve Çıkış Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: KURTULUŞ Mustafa , BOYDAK Erkan
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma; aspir çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve çıkış dönemlerinde tuz (NaCl) stresine karşı tepkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede Asol, Balcı, Dinçer, Linas ve Olas çeşitleri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada aspir tohumlarına çimlenme ve çıkış döneminde saf su (kontrol) ile 3 farklı NaCl (100 mM, 200 mM ve 300 mM) dozu uygulanmıştır. Çimlenme denemesi, petri kaplarında tesadüf parselleri faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak iklim dolabında karanlıkta (25 °C) yürütülmüştür. Çıkış denemesi ise torf (3/4), perlit (1/4) karışımı ile doldurulan kaplarda yürütülmüştür.
Sonuç olarak; aspir çeşitlerinin çimlenme oranı %69-100, hassaslık indeksi 1.00-1.67, çıkış oranı %5.00-97.50, fide uzunluğu 13.4-115.9 mm, yaş fide ağırlığı 0.077-0.476 g, yaş kök ağırlığı 0.11-0.061 g, tuza tolerans yüzdesi %11.4-28.6 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama çimlenme süresi (gün), çimlenme indeksi, ortalama çıkış süresi (gün), kök uzunluğu (mm), kuru fide ağırlığı (g), kuru kök ağırlığı (g), ve çıkış indeksi özellikleri de incelenmiştir. Deneme sonucunda; tuz dozlarının artmasıyla birlikte çimlenme süresi, (gün) hassaslık indeksi ve ortalama çıkış süresi (gün) değerleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Çimlenme indeksi, çıkış oranı (%), fide uzunluğu (mm), kök uzunluğu (mm), yaş fide ağırlığı (g), yaş kök ağırlığı (g), kuru fide ağırlığı (g), kuru kök ağırlığı (g), tuza tolerans yüzdesi (%), ve çıkış indeksi gibi değerler azalmıştır.
Besiye Alınan Et-Tipi Beyaz Bıldırcınlarda Üçüncü Hafta Canlı Ağırlığının Sekiz Haftalık Besi Performansı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ŞENGÜL Turgay , ÇELİK Şenol , ŞENGÜL Ömer
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma, et-tipi beyaz bıldırcınların besi performansı üzerine 3. hafta canlı ağırlığının etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme, üç farklı canlı ağırlık grubu (59-44 g, 43-38 g ve 37-24 g) olarak ve üç tekerrürlü olarak planlanmış ve çalışmada toplam adet 90 adet hayvan kullanılmıştır. Besiye alınan bıldırcınların 8. hafta sonundaki, canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranları saptanmıştır. Canlı ağırlık bakımından, 8. hafta sonunda erkekler, dişiler ve erkek+dişi grupları arasındaki farklılıklar önemli (P
Errors in Measuring the Distance to an Obstacle by Technical Vision Means and in Forecasting Braking Distance in Driverless Train Control Systems. World of Transport and Transportation
Authors: Baranov L. A. , Bestemyanov P. F. , Balakina E. P. , Okhotnikov A. L.
Published: July 2022

Technical vision systems are sources of information about an obstacle on the track in the case of driverless train control. Based on the information received, the traffic control system decides to turn on the braking mode to prevent a colliosni with an obstacle. In accordance with international and domestic expertise and standard ratings, it is necessary to ensure the probability of a dangerous failure, in this case, the probability of hitting an obstacle, not more than 10-8 with a confidence probability of 0,95 according to SIL-4 ([Russian state standard] GOST-R61508). Considering the presence of an error in measuring the distance to an obstacle by the technical vision system and an error in calculating the stopping distance, it is required to determine the coordinate of the braking start point when an object is detected on the track in such a way as to ensure that the train stops before the obstacle with a probability determined in accordance with SIL-4.

A feature of the problem being solved for estimating the errors in measuring the distance to an obstacle and calculating the stopping distance implies the need to determine the estimates of their maximum values and to develop an algorithm for using these estimates in such a way that the collision probability does not exceed the normalised value.

A technique is described for determining the maximum value of the error in measuring the distance to the obstacle, the probability of exceeding which is quite small (from 10-2 to 10-6). A proposed algorithm for multiple measurements of the distance to an obstacle allows choosing the minimum measurement result for deciding on the start of braking, which ensures meeting standard indicator of a probability of a train colliding with an obstacle according to SIL-4. A method for estimating the error in calculating the stopping distance has been developed, which, together with the algorithm of multiple measurements by the technical vision system of the distance to the obstacle, provides the standard indicator according to SIL-4. The need for the second channel of technical vision due to the presence of curves along the route is shown. The necessity of using algorithms for multiple measurements to an obstacle through the second channel located outside the train is also substantiated. It is noted that the methods described in this article for choosing the maximum values of random errors in measurements and calculations, the values of which can be exceeded with a very low probability, can be used to solve various applied problems of traffic control in transportation processes.
Selected Abstracts of Ph .D . Theses Submitted at Russian Transport Universities
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2022

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New Approaches to Pricing Management of Transport Services
Authors: Pastukhov S. S. , Stelmashenko K. V.
Published: July 2022

Development of new approaches to formation of analytics mechanisms for the purpose of pricing management of services is an important aspect of increasing the efficiency of transport management processes.

Research aimed at improving the tools for determining the optimal parameters of the ratio of quality and price of service for formation of a competitive and efficient tariff policy continues to remain relevant and in demand in modern market conditions. The objective of the study, presented in the article, is to analyse and evaluate the prospects for implementation of the areas to improve the apparatus for assessing the price elasticity of demand for railway passenger transport services as the transition to the use of non-linear parameters in terms of customer behaviour modelling functions, as well as introduction of the most effective algorithms from the set of modern global mathematical optimisation tools.

The research conclusions are based on the use of system analysis mechanisms, methods of economic and mathematical modelling and optimisation, as well as of non-parametric statistics tools.

The results based on the use of an array of data on the demand of passengers of branded trains include: a comparative assessment of quality of modelling the price elasticity of demand using 15 functions that are nonlinear in terms of parameters; the most promising tools of the search for unknown parameters for non-smooth nonlinear functions for modelling the behaviour of railway customers are identified based on a three-stage procedure for comparative analysis of the performance of more than 60 optimisation algorithms (including the calculation of minima and medians for the sums of squares of modelling errors, bootstrap analysis, Kruskal– Wallace and Mann–Whitney tests, as well as the calculation of a metric specially developed by the authors for assessing the degree of superiority of one algorithm over another within the framework of non-parametric analysis).

The findings seem able to be successfully used in relation to other modes of transport in solving similar problems of developing an effective toolkit for managing the prices of transport services.
New combination in the genus Caulinia Willd. (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Tikhomirov V.
Published: July 2022

The new combination in the genus Caulinia Willd. is published: Caulinia canadensis (Michx.) Val. Tikhom. comb. nova. Distinctive features of this species from C. flexilis Willd. s. str. are specified. C. canadensis is suggested to replace C. flexilis s. str. completely in Eurasia.
Note on Poa pinegensis Roshev. (Poaceae)
Authors: Probatova N. , Enushchenko I.
Published: July 2022

Poa pinegensis Roshev. was described in 1932 from Arkhangelsk Region (the Northern Dvina River basin), but during the 40 last years it was considered a synonym of P. pratensis L. s. str. New collections from the northern part of Irkutsk Region (Vitimsky Nature Reserve), also from the Ob River (Tyumen Region) allowed us to revise the status of P. pinegensis. In fact, this species indeed belongs to the P. pratensis species aggregate (sect. Poa); however, it has some original morphological characters and thus has to be considered a separate species of hybrid origin, with some influence of P. remota Forselles (sect. Homalopoa Dumort.). The chromosome number in P. pinegensis is determined: 2n = 56. The species occurs in boggy dark coniferous forests and in swampy riverbanks, in the basins of the White (Beloe), Kara (Karskoe) and Laptev (Laptevykh) seas. The closest relative of P. pinegensis is P. raduliformis Prob. (East Siberia, Far East, Mongolia) probably of similar origin.
On the genus Brachypodium P. Beauv. (Poaceae) in Russia
Authors: Tzvelev N.
Published: July 2022

The genus Brachypodium P. Beauv. numbers 10 species in Russia. A key for their determination is given. Two new combinations are made: B. spryginii (Tzvelev) Tzvelev and B. juzepczukii (Tzvelev) Tzvelev.
Adsorben Fly Ash : Studi Aplikasi Fly Ash pada Limbah Cair Cold Storage
Authors: sinardi
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan batubara pada industri sebagai bahan bakar dalam jumlah besar, akan menghasilkan fly ash. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya bagi lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar lokasi industri. Fly ash akan terbawa ke perairan saat hujan, dan dan ke udara saat tertiup angin akan mengganggu pernafasan. Fly ash mengandung silika oksida, alumunium oksida, besi oksida, magnesium oksida, dan sisanya berupa karbon dan belerang. Buku ini merupakaan hasil penelitian yang memanfaatkan fly ash sebagai adsorben untuk digunakan pada pengolahan limbah cair cold storage. Pemanfaatan fly ash sebagai adsorben untuk menyisihkan senyawa organik dan mengetahui efektivitas fly ash.
Historical Overview of Haitian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Maker Paul
Published: July 2022

Historical Overview of HaitianRefugee Crisis
Examining the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent outpatient substance use
Authors: Schwebel Frank J , Sanjuan Pilar , Richards Dylan , Pearson Matthew Ryan
Published: July 2022

Background: Concerns have been raised about substance use during the COVID-19 global pandemic, particularly as a result of stress. Stress has been shown to increase substance use and risk of relapse. This study sought to investigate the impact COVID-19 has had on adolescents in outpatient substance use treatment. Methods: Thirty-two adolescents in outpatient treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic completed a brief online survey querying changes in their substance use, substance use urges, harm reduction strategies used, and perceived life stressors. Data were collected April-June 2020. Results: Participants reported decreased alcohol use (t(17)=2.14, p=.047) and non-significant decreased urges to use substances. Discussion: Boredom was the most commonly reported reason for increased urges to use. Other than hand washing, low rates of harm reduction strategy utilization were observed. It appeared that, among adolescents in outpatient treatment during COVID-19, substance use may have remained steady, while alcohol use decreased. Boredom (e.g., from staying at home) may have led to increased substance use urge for some individuals, although overall urge to use did not increase. Conclusions: Restricted movement and social interactions due to COVID-19 may be protective against relapse and might represent a therapeutic opportunity to practice abstinence or reduced substance use. Clinically, developing non-substance use-related strategies to combat boredom may be an important treatment component among this population.
Alpha-tACS Alters Attentional Control but not Cognitive Functions as Video Games Do: A Psychophysical Investigation based on the Theory of Visual Attention
Authors: Hilla Yannik , Link Fabian , Sauseng Paul
Published: July 2022

Video game players’ faster speed of information processing has been shown to coincide with altered posterior alpha power modulation, i.e., brain oscillatory activity around 10 Hz. Thus, it was proposed that improved cognitive processing in video game players may be related to diﬀerential alpha activity. However, a causal relationship thereof has not yet been established. We addressed this by conducting a non-invasive brain stimulation study to demonstrate that modulating alpha power using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may impact on speed of information processing. Furthermore, we aimed to show that this eﬀect correlated with altered attentional control, e.g., visuospatial attention and/or top-down control processing, given that this has been suggested to contribute to video gaming eﬀects. Therefore, we recruited 19 non-video game players to undergo one of five brain stimulation conditions while performing a visual short-term memory task at five diﬀerent days, respectively. Thus, we applied tACS either at 10 Hz (alpha frequency) or at 16.18 Hz (control frequency) either over their left or right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) or a sham stimulation. Individuals’ speed of information processing, visuospatial attention and top-down control processing were operationalized using a computational modelling approach based on the theory of visual attention. We found that alpha-tACS applied over individuals’ left PPC altered their visuospatial attention orientation but not their speed of information processing. Thus, we were not able to establish a causal relationship between speed of information processing and altered visuospatial attention processing through alpha power modulation using non-invasive brain stimulation.
Can individual subjective confidence in prior questions predict group performance in future questions?
Authors: Shirasuna Masaru , Honda Hidehito
Published: July 2022

When people have to solve many tasks, they can aggregate diverse individuals’ judgments using the majority rule, which often improves the accuracy of judgments (wisdom of crowds). When aggregating individuals’ judgments, people sometimes decide whose judgments they should accept based on their subjective confidence. However, can confidence in one task set predict performance not only in the same (prior) task set, but also in another (future) task set? We examined this issue through computer simulations using behavioral data obtained from binary-choice experimental tasks. In our simulations, we developed a “training-test” approach: we split the questions used in behavioral experiments into “training questions” (as prior questions) and “test questions” (as future questions), similar to the cross validation method in machine learning. We found that (i) through analyses of behavioral data, confidence in one question could predict accuracy for the same question, but not always well in another question. (ii) Through a computer simulation of the accordance of two individuals’ judgments, individuals rated with high confidence in one training question tended to make less diverse judgments between each other in test questions. (iii) Through a computer simulation of group judgments, the accuracy of groups constructed by individuals with high confidence in the training question(s) sometimes largely decreased in the test questions, especially when only one training question was available. These results suggest that if people aggregate diverse individuals in terms of subjective confidence in prior questions, they will likely avoid decreasing performance in future questions. We believe that our simulations following a “training-test” approach provide practical implications for keeping groups’ ability to solve future tasks and emphasize the importance of a diversity of confidence in a group.
The Stroop legacy: A cautionary tale on methodological issues and a proposed spatial solution
Authors: Viviani Giada , Visalli Antonino , Montefinese Maria , Vallesi Antonino , Ambrosini Ettore
Published: July 2022

The Stroop task is a seminal paradigm in experimental psychology, so much that various variants of the classical color-word version have been proposed. Here we offer a methodological review of them to emphasize the importance of designing methodologically rigorous Stroop tasks. This is not an end by itself, but it is fundamental to achieve adequate measurement validity, which is currently hindered by methodological heterogeneity and limitations. Among the several Stroop task variants in the literature, our methodological overview shows that the spatial Stroop task not only is a potentially methodologically adequate variant, which can thus assure measuring the Stroop effect with the required validity, but it might even allow researchers to overcome some of the methodological limitations of the classical paradigm due to its use of verbal stimuli. We thus focused on the spatial Stroop tasks in the literature to verify whether they really exploit such inherent potentiality. However, we show that this was generally not the case because only few of them (1) are purely spatial, (2) ensure both all the three types of conflicts/facilitations (at the stimulus, response, and task levels) and the dimensional overlaps considered fundamental for yielding a complete Stroop effect according to the multiple loci account and Kornblum’s theory, respectively, and (3) controlled for low-level binding and priming effects that could bias the estimated Stroop effect. Based on these methodological considerations, we present some examples of spatial Stroop tasks that, in our view, satisfy such requirements and, thus, ensure producing complete Stroop effects.
Динамика интеграционной повестки в Содружестве Независимых Государств
Authors: Bakhlova Olga
Published: July 2022

В статье исследуются содержание и ориентиры формируемой в рамках Содружества Независимых Государств повестки интеграции и сотрудничества. Выявляются интеграционные компоненты в принимаемых документах и заявляемых странами-участницами позициях. Осуществляется их сопоставление прежде всего по целям и задачам взаимодействия с учетом современных вызовов и угроз. Особое внимание уделено анализу концептуализации приоритетов сотрудничества в формате председательства в контексте изменений внешней среды. Сделан вывод об актуализации общей интеграционной повестки Содружества, при том что она является незавершенной, дополнительной и даже второстепенной по отношению к субрегиональным объединениям региона.
Культурные основания для гражданской интеграции в современном Казахстане: противоречия и перспективы
Authors: Булуктаев Ю.О.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена процессу гражданской интеграции в современном Казахстане. Рассматриваются социокультурные аспекты интеграционных процессов, культурные ориентиры, логика культурного единства и многообразия. Оценка культурных оснований процесса гражданской интеграции в общественном мнении представлена по результатам социологических опросов, проведенных Институтом философии, политологии и религиоведения Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан. Достижения, противоречия и перспективы гражданской интеграции анализируются через призму общественного мнения казахстанцев о состоянии межэтнических отношений, исторической памяти, социолингвистической ситуации. Делается вывод о том, что процесс внутренней консолидации и гражданской интеграции в современном Казахстане происходит под влиянием различных политических, этнических и социокультурных факторов.
Политика ЕС в области государственной помощи на национальном уровне как ответ на вызовы современности
Authors: Семеко Г.В.
Published: July 2022

В статье анализируются изменения в политике ЕС в области государственной помощи национальным производителям в связи с обострением социально-экономических проблем из-за пандемии COVID-19 и антироссийских санкций, а также в ходе реализации стратегической задачи двойного перехода к «зеленой» и цифровой экономике. Наблюдающееся в последние годы смягчение жестких общеевропейских норм и правил регулирования государственной помощи является отступлением от основных принципов экономической интеграции и усиливает дезинтеграционные тенденции. Рассматриваются последствия и риски корректировки общеевропейской политики в области государственной помощи.
Основные тенденции функционирования предприятий с участием капитала из стран ЕАЭС в Казахстане
Authors: Додонов В.Ю.
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается ситуация в сфере совместного предпринимательства Казахстана с партнерами из стран Евразийского экономического союза. Анализируются основные характеристики хозяйствующих субъектов Казахстана с участием капитала из этих стран за период 2015–2021 гг., в том числе количество предприятий и их отраслевая принадлежность. Дается также оценка влиянию совместного предпринимательства с партнерами из стран Евразийского экономического союза на рынок труда Казахстана. Сравнение динамики предприятий с участием капитала из стран Евразийского экономического союза с аналогичными показателями предприятий с участием капитала из третьих стран позволяет обосновать вывод об определенном прогрессе в этом направлении евразийской интеграции.
Assessment of the Spatial Distribution and Mapping Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of Nalgad Municipality, Jajarkot, Nepal
Authors: Timilsina S. , Khanal A. , Tandan R.P. , Bam C.R. , Devkota S.
Published: July 2022

A detailed soil inventory study using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) was conducted in Nalgad Municipality of Jajarkot, Nepal in 2019. A preliminary reconnaissance survey during pre–field activities and detail field work was carried out to study the soil type and physico-chemical properties based on the soil pit. A total of 51 soil pits were taken in the field representing varied micro topography. Soil Sample pits covering all the units were dug based on the interpreted soil map, topographical map, ZY-3 Satellite imagery for determination of soil profile. Soil classification of the area was done based on the USDA soil taxonomy and the dominant soil orders found in the region were Entisols (15.13 %) and Inceptisols (83.60%). A total of 51 geo-referenced composite soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm was collected from each pit and analyzed in laboratory for texture, soil pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Majority of the soil are loam and loamy sand type. There is very low to high level of organic matter present in the study area with more proportion of land under high range of organic matter (64.98%). Total Nitrogen content in soil of the study area ranges from very low to very high level with high level of Nitrogen (65.51%) in major proportion. Low to very high level of available phosphorous content was found in the study area with the dominance of very high level of phosphorous (71.40%). Exchangeable Potassium level in the study area is very high to low. Around 42% land have very high level of potassium. From the soil test result, major nutrients status in soil were found to be good but integrated land management practices should be encouraged for improving land productivity. The generated soil maps may be helpful to stakeholders for planning, monitoring and evaluating the soil status for effective agricultural production.
Perceptive Study on Policy Interlinkage and Institutional Arrangement of Agrobiodiversity with Climate Change, Food And Nutrition
Authors: Khanal S. , Joshi B.K. , Shrestha R.K. , Shivakoti S. , Bhusal A. , Shrestha S.
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted to find out interlink, assessing the implementation status, challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming the nexus of agro biodiversity, food and nutrition and climate change in policies and programs. An online survey tool (mwater) was used to deploy the pretested questionnaire to different professionals of Nepal. Out of 500 deployment, 54 responses were obtained. In most of the questions farmers were unable to decide the extent of interlink and implementation status, however, other professional groups perceived the linkage to be weak to moderate. Moreover, the implementation status of these policies were discerned to be less satisfactory. The opportunities and challenges are to be considered while plotting the action. For doing so, institutional setup for implementation and monitoring need to strengthen  with wide consultation from policy formulation to implementation, impact assessment and review for having greater impacts on farming communities.
Credit and Financial Access in Nepalese Agriculture: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Pandey A.
Published: July 2022

The credit and financial access are urgent needs for agricultural development. This paper has attempted to find out present status of agricultural credit and their prevalent challenges and problems. The study is fully based on the statistical data, reports and findings of MoALD, MoF, NPC, NRB, and other relevant publications. The Government has targeted to expand agricultural credit through banking and financial institutions (BFIs) by implementing several acts, policies, strategies and programs through NRB, MoALD and MoF. However, constraints like credit ceiling, high value collateral demand, limited redemption facilities, limited agriculture insurance, financial illiteracy, lack of farmer friendly technologies, and poor monitoring and regulation of BFIs are responsible for lower credit expansion. Thus to promote and motivate BFIs and farmers to invest in agriculture, government need to address these challenges. The study also suggests to segregate farmer according to demand of credit volume and expand the branchless banking.
Use of Botanicals for Management of Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais motschulky) in Maize Storage
Authors: Basyal K. , Sapkota R. , Bajryacharya A.S.R. , Bhattarai S.S.
Published: July 2022

A laboratory study was conducted with the aim of evaluating efficacy of different botanical insecticides against weevil in storage with four replication in completely randomized design. Seven plant materials; Acorus calamus Linn., Piper nigrum Linn., Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Azedarachta indica A. Juss., Melia azedarach Linn., Justicia adhatoda Linn., and Artemisia vulgaris Linn. were compared along with control. Maize samples were infested with S. zeamais at the rate of 4 pair adults/50 g. At 120 days of treatment, the highest and lowest number of weevil progeny (19.75 and 0.70), and grain damage % (19.50% and 0.21%) was recorded in control and A. calamus. Similarly, weight loss% was the highest on control (7.03%) and lowest on A. calamus (1.80%), followed by A. indica (2.79%) and P. nigrum (3.13%), respectively.100% weevil mortality was observed in A. calamus and P. nigrum treated grains within 14 and 21 days. A. calamus was found more effective for weevil management in storage.
Impact of Cooperative Membership on Adoption of Improved Goat Production Practices in Chitwan District of Nepal
Authors: Neupane H. , Joshi N. , Kafle K. , Adhikari M. , Kharel S.
Published: July 2022

Lack of proper production practice is identified as constraint in production performance of goats. In this context, this study attempts to assess the impact of cooperative membership on adoption of improved production practices among smallholder goat farmers. The analysis is based on data obtained from  in-person interview among 327 cooperative members and 334 non-members. The study employs Poisson regression model with endogenous treatment to address the endogeneity. The findings show that cooperatives strongly facilitate adopting improved production practices among goat farmers. Average treatment effect is 2.607, and the average treatment effect on treated is 2.11 and 1.447 in nearest neighbor matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, respectively. The number of improved practices shows non-linear relation with livestock unit. The number of improved production practices increases with training and decreases with  distance from tar road. The finding suggest scope to increase the adoption of improved production practices through cooperative membership.
Recognition and management of palatogingival groove: Hidden trap in the tooth-A case report
Authors: Bista Soni , Ranjit Rebicca , Subedi Suraksha , Kunwar Deepa
Published: July 2022

Palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly, usually found on the palatal surface of maxillary incisor teeth. This hidden trap harbors plaque and bacteria around the tooth, ensuing periodontal destruction with or without pulpal pathologic changes. Several treatment modalities have been proposed for its management ranging from endodontic treatment, periodontal therapy or combined. Here, we present a case of a type II palatogingival groove causing endodontic- periodontal lesion successfully managed by endodontic treatment followed by periodontal surgery with an uneventful healing. Thus, this anomaly should be recognized early with timely intervention to avoid widespread involvement.
Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography in detecting urolithiasis in a teaching hospital of Kaski district
Authors: Paudel Nawaraj , Sharma Pujan , Sharma Bhoj Raj , Sharma Keshav , Parajuli Santwana , Timilsina Krishna
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Urolithiasis is an increasing health problem worldwide including developing countries like Nepal. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder imaging modalities are used in detection of urolithiasis. This study was done to compare ultrasonography and computed tomography of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder findings for detection of urolithiasis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Radiology, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from July to October, 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee of Gandaki Medical College. Total 92 patients who had urolithiasis in computed tomography and had ultrasound report available within one week were selected for the study. Demographic data of patients, location and side of calculi were recorded. The findings of ultrasonography and computed tomography were then compared. Similarly, sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were calculated.
Results: Urolithiasis was more common in middle age groups i.e. 20 to 40 years (n= 57, 62.0%) and in males (n=56, 60.9%). Kidney was the commonest location detected by both ultrasonography (n=45, 48.9%) and computed tomography (n=44, 47.8%) with predominance in right side. Some of the calculi that were undetected by ultrasonography were easily confirmed by computed tomography in various locations. This was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in compared to computed tomography was 83.7% and 100% respectively.
Conclusions: Ultrasonography has poor sensitivity and high specificity for detecting urolithiasis. Thus, computed tomography can be considered as better imaging modality as compared to ultrasonography for diagnosis of urolithiaisis.
Co-infection with SARS CoV-2 and dengue virus with thrombocytopenia: A first case report from Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Sunil , Maharjan Elina , Bista Bidesh
Published: July 2022

Co-infection of COVID-19 with dengue infection is quite challenging to differentiate due to it’s overlapping clinical and laboratory manifestations. We report a 22-year-old female with presented to Civil Service Hospital, emergency department with complaints of persistent fever with multiple episodes of vomiting, headache and myalgia. On examination, she was ill-looking, dehydrated with a low blood. Reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swab detected SARS CoV-2, and dengue antibodies IgM detected. She was conservatively managed in COVID-high care unit with regular laboratory monitoring of platelet level and discharged after ninth day of admission.
Validation of TIMI risk score for STEMI patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal
Authors: Kafle Ram Chandra , Sharma Dibya , Pokharel Daya Ram
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, and ST elevation myocardial infarction remains main contributor to this mortality. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score which was derived from randomized clinical trials has been validated in non-selected western patient populations. The objective of this study was to find out the applicability of Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score in our study population.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in admitted patients of cardiology unit, Manipal teaching hospital from February 25, 2020 to December 31, 2021. All consecutive patients admitted with diagnosis of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were selected. Patients admitted with diagnosis of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and undergone either primary, rescue or elective coronary reperfusion therapy were included for analysis.
Results: Total of 339 cases with mean age of 60.62 ±12.64 were diagnosed to have acute ST elevation myocardial infarction and undergone coronary reperfusion therapy. Nearly two third cases were male and majority (61.35%) cases were below age of 65 years. Age of 65 years and above, Killip class III-IV [OR:20.54 (CI: 8.63–48.87), p<0.001], low HDL [(OR:0.481 (CI: 0.23 – 0.97) p= 0.038], heart rate >100 beats/ min [(OR: 5.79 (CI: 2.81 – 11.92), p<0.001] and anterior wall involvement [(OR: 2.8 (CI: 1.39–6.41), p=0.004] were significantly associated with 30 days mortality.
Conclusions: Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score is applicable in clinical practice for better risk stratified treatment in our setting.
Evaluation and surgical outcome of inverted nipple at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Bajracharya Amir
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Inverted nipples are related to multifactorial aspects, relating with aesthetic, biological, and psychological to the patient. The treatment depends on the patient’s symptoms and aesthetic complaints caused by the inverted nipple. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grading of inverted nipple and the surgical outcome by using Sakai method for its correction.
Methods: It is a hospital based descriptive study conducted to assess age, sex, site, shape, grading. The history of peri-areolar abscess, recurrence and treatment outcome by Sakai method for its correction.
Results: A total of 20 patients were included with 26 cases of inverted nipple in which six cases of bilateral, nine cases of left sided and five cases of right sided. The mean age was 30±8.399 years ranging from 18 to 52 years. Most of them were females 19(95%). We found grade II inverted nipple on 16(80%) of patients and grade III inverted nipple on 4(20%). Most of them were round shape 16(50%), rest were rectangular 4(20%), slanting 3(15%), omega 2(10%) and one with cup shape nipple. Patients were followed up for three months for observation.
Conclusions: The common type of inverted nipple was Grade II followed by Grade III and the defects were successfully corrected using Sakai method.
Clinico-epidemiological study on animal bite presenting to a tertiary care hospital in western part of Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Saroj , Yadav Roshan , Sharma Karuna , Shrestha Abhishek , Poudel Rekha , Pun Chandra Bahadur
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Animal bite is a common public health problem and dog bites are most common among them in Nepal. Rabies infection is of most significant concern following animal-bites’ injuries. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological variation in terms of demographic variables, type of animal, circumstances of bite, type and site of wound and outcome of the animal bite.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at emergency department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre among animal-bite cases from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021 using a pre-designed questionnaire.
Results: Out of total 217 cases of animal-bite included in the study, 65 (29.95%) were of 21 to 30 years and 129 (59.46%) were males, 120 (55.23%) cases hailed from rural area and 63 (29.03%) were farmers. Most cases 168 (77.42%) were bitten by dog among which 93 (55.35%) were owned dogs and only 22 dogs were vaccinated. A total of 127 (58.53%) were unprovoked and lower limb 130 (59.91%) was the commonest site. World Health Organization (WHO) Category II wound were the most commonly encountered 122 (56.22%). Majority 99 (45.62%) came to hospital within 25 to 48 hours of bite and after cleaning the wound site 115 (52.99%). Only 81 (37.78%) animals were observed for 10 days after the bite out of which 5 (6.09%) developed signs of rabies.
Conclusions: Animal bite was common in males and source was owned dogs. Majority of the owned dogs were not vaccinated and most of the cases visited hospital without following first-aid measures.
Sensing Characteristics of ZnO Nanoparticle Film towards Acetone
Authors: Chaudhary Dinesh Kumar , Maharjan Yogesh Singh , Pradhan Amatya Sharmila , Shrestha Shankar Prasad , Parajuli Rajendra , Shrestha Pitamber , Pradhan Joshi Leela
Published: July 2022

Over the past few decades, nanomaterials of metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO) have been significantly researched for sensing various toxic gases like ethanol, acetone and ammonia.  The sensing performance of semiconducting materials depends primarily on their surface structure and the interaction behavior with target gas molecules. The surface quality of ZnO is highly influenced by deposition methods.  Although several ZnO surfaces have been rigorously studied for detecting gas leakages, it still possesses drawbacks such as high operating temperature, slow response and recovery times. Henceforth, this investigation was carried out to resolve these issues in the fabrication of future ZnO-based gas sensors. In this work, we report the major findings of the ZnO-based nanoparticle film gas sensor prepared by a doctor blade method to gain insight towards detecting various concentrations of acetone gas at different temperatures. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the phase purity of ZnO. The results showed the highest response ratio of 25.697 0.012 at 285 oC with an exposure of 800 ppm of acetone along with the quick response and recovery times of 39 sec and 79 sec, respectively. This operating temperature was found to be lower than the reported value for a similar system than that prepared via different methods.
On the Partition of Fast Escaping Sets of a Transcendental Entire Function
Authors: Subedi Bishnu Hari
Published: July 2022

For a transcendental entire function f, the set of form I ( f ) = {z ∈  : (z) → ∞  as n → ∞} is called an escaping set. The major open question in transcendental dynamics is the conjecture of Eremenko, which states that for any transcendental entire function f, the escaping set I ( f ) has no bounded component. This conjecture in a special case has been proved by defining the fast escaping set A ( f ), which consists of points that move to infinity as fast as possible. Very recent studies in the field of transcendental dynamics have concentrated on the partition of fast escaping sets into maximally and non-maximally fast escaping sets. It is well known that a fast escaping set has no bounded component, but in contrast, there are entire transcendental functions for which each maximally and non-maximally fast escaping set has uncountably many singleton components.