bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of chlorophyll-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy on cancer cell lines
Authors: Adnane Fadya , Soliman Soliman Mehawed Abdellatif , ElZayat Emad , Abdelsalam Essam M. , Fahmy Heba Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Chlorophyll (Chl) is a promising natural photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic treatment (PDT). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were chosen to increase the effectiveness of PDT. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic efficacy of chlorophyll-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Chl-MSNs) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and to investigate their potential toxicity in HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and HSF cell lines. Chl-MSNs were prepared via the physical adsorption method. TEM, DLS, and zeta potential examined morphology, size, and surface characteristics. MSNs and Chl-MSNs were characterized using the same techniques. HPLC was used to assess the encapsulation efficiency. At pH 7.4, an in vitro release experiment of Chl-MSNs was performed. Chl, MSNs, and Chl-MSNs were applied to the three cell lines at different concentrations and subjected to red (650 nm) and blue (450–500 nm) lasers. MSNs and Chl-MSNs’ sizes were 90.338 ± 38.49 nm and 123.84 ± 15.67 nm, respectively, as obtained by TEM; the hydrodynamic diameter for MSNs (93.69 ± 20.53 nm) and Chl-MSNs (212.95 ± 19.76 nm); and their zeta potential values are − 16.7 ± 2.19 mV and − 18.84 ± 1.40 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of Chl-MSNs was 70%. Chl-MSNs displayed no toxicity in dark conditions but showed excellent photostability under blue and red light exposure. Furthermore, using Chl over Chl-MSNs has a higher PDT efficiency than the tested cell lines. Chl-MSNs have the potential to be an effective delivery system. PDT proved to be an essential technique for cancer treatment. Blue laser is recommended over red laser with Chl and MSNs for destroying cancer cells.

Graphical Abstract
Biological and targeting differences between the rare KRAS A146T and canonical KRAS mutants in gastric cancer models
Authors: Puliga Elisabetta , De Bellis Chiara , Vietti Michelina Sandra , Capeloa Tania , Migliore Cristina , Orrù Claudia , Baiocchi Gian Luca , De Manzoni Giovanni , Pietrantonio Filippo , Reddavid Rossella , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , Ambrogio Chiara , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia
Published: January 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease. Since the oncogenic role of KRAS mutants has been poorly investigated in GC, this study aims to biochemically and biologically characterize different KRAS-mutated models and unravel differences among KRAS mutants in response to therapy.

Methods

Taking advantage of a proprietary, molecularly annotated platform of more than 200 GC PDXs (patient-derived xenografts), we identified KRAS-mutated PDXs, from which primary cell lines were established. The different mutants were challenged with KRAS downstream inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results

Cells expressing the rare KRAS A146T mutant showed lower RAS-GTP levels compared to those bearing the canonical G12/13D mutations. Nevertheless, all the KRAS-mutated cells displayed KRAS addiction. Surprisingly, even if the GEF SOS1 is considered critical for the activation of KRAS A146T mutants, its abrogation did not significantly affect cell viability. From the pharmacologic point of view, Trametinib monotherapy was more effective in A146T than in G12D-mutated models, suggesting a vulnerability to MEK inhibition. However, in the presence of mutations in the PI3K pathway, more frequently co-occurrent in A146T models, the association of Trametinib and the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 was required to optimize the response.

Conclusion

A deeper genomic and biological characterization of KRAS mutants might sustain the development of more efficient and long-lasting therapeutic options for patients harbouring KRAS-driven GC.
On spillovers in economic evaluations: definition, mapping review and research agenda
Authors: Mendoza-Jiménez María J. , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner
Published: January 2024

An important issue in economic evaluations is determining whether all relevant impacts are considered, given the perspective chosen for the analysis. Acknowledging that patients are not isolated individuals has important implications in this context. Increasingly, the term “spillovers” is used to label consequences of health interventions on others. However, a clear definition of spillovers is lacking, and as a result, the scope of the concept remains unclear. In this study, we aim to clarify the concept of spillovers by proposing a definition applicable in health economic evaluations. To illustrate the implications of this definition, we highlight the diversity of potential spillovers through an expanded impact inventory and conduct a mapping review that outlines the evidence base for the different types of spillovers. In the context of economic evaluations of health interventions, we define spillovers as all impacts from an intervention on all parties or entities other than the users of the intervention under evaluation. This definition encompasses a broader range of potential costs and effects, beyond informal caregivers and family members. The expanded impact inventory enables a systematic approach to identifying broader impacts of health interventions. The mapping review shows that the relevance of different types of spillovers is context-specific. Some spillovers are regularly included in economic evaluations, although not always recognised as such, while others are not. A consistent use of the term “spillovers”, improved measurement of these costs and effects, and increased transparency in reporting them are still necessary. To that end, we propose a research agenda.
Partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Tammi Rilla , Kaartinen Niina E , Harald Kennet , Maukonen Mirkka , Tapanainen Heli , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Albanes Demetrius , Eriksson Johan G , Jousilahti Pekka , Koskinen Seppo , Laaksonen Maarit A , Heikkinen Sanna , Pitkäniemi Janne , Pajari Anne-Maria , Männistö Satu
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Shifting from animal-based to plant-based diets could reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Currently, the impacts of these dietary shifts on CRC risk are ill-defined. Therefore, we examined partial substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables, fruits or a combination of these in relation to CRC risk in Finnish adults.

Methods

We pooled five Finnish cohorts, resulting in 43 788 participants aged ≥ 25 years (79% men). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires at study enrolment. We modelled partial substitutions of red (100 g/week) or processed meat (50 g/week) with corresponding amounts of plant-based foods. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) for CRC were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and pooled together using random-effects models. Adjustments included age, sex, energy intake and other relevant confounders.

Results

During the median follow-up of 28.8 years, 1124 CRCs were diagnosed. We observed small risk reductions when red meat was substituted with vegetables (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 − 0.99), fruits (0.97, 0.94 − 0.99), or whole grains, vegetables and fruits combined (0.97, 0.95 − 0.99). For processed meat, these substitutions yielded 1% risk reductions. Substituting red or processed meat with whole grains was associated with a decreased CRC risk only in participants with < median whole grain intake (0.92, 0.86 − 0.98; 0.96, 0.93 − 0.99, respectively; pinteraction=0.001).

Conclusions

Even small, easily implemented substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables or fruits could lower CRC risk in a population with high meat consumption. These findings broaden our insight into dietary modifications that could foster CRC primary prevention.
Virtual Properties: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Declos Alexandre
Published: January 2024

According to David Chalmers, the virtual entities found in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) environments instantiate virtual properties of a specific kind. It has recently been objected that such a view (i) can’t extend to all types of properties; (ii) leads to a proliferation of property-types; (iii) implausibly ascribes massive errors to VR and AR users; and (iv) faces an analogue of Jackson’s “many-property problem”. My first objective here is to show that advocates of virtual properties can deal with each of these objections. The other goal of this paper is to examine the consequences of Chalmers’ theory in the particular case of AR. If we countenance virtual properties, AR highlights that non-virtual objects can possess both non-virtual and virtual properties. With AR, it also appears that a same non-virtual object can have different and even incompatible properties across augmented environments. Lastly, considering properties in light of AR highlights the risk of an “augmented solipsism”, and calls forth interesting questions about the persistence conditions of non-virtual objects in AR environments.
System's Crisis Resilience as a Societal Crisis: Knowledge Structure and Gaze of the Finnish Health Care System
Authors: Heikkilä Matias , Heino Ossi , Rautiainen Pauli
Published: January 2024

The crisis resilience of vital social systems is currently the target of constant development efforts in Finland, as their drifting into crisis would weaken societies’ functional abilities, safety, and security. This is also the case regarding the Finnish health care system. In an attempt to move beyond existing frameworks of crisis imagination, this article takes an unconventional stance by elucidating endogenous crisis dynamics present in the Finnish health care system. Delphi process was conducted for top experts in Finnish health care and crisis management. With a dissensus-seeking orientation, our aim was to fertilize disagreements among panelists to reveal key vulnerabilities in the health system. Despite our efforts to evoke dissensus, the panelists ended up generating a consensus that aims to protect the underlying assumptions of the health system’s knowledge structure. Through inductive analysis of expert discourses, the data was analyzed through our research question “what constitutes a crisis-proof health system and a crisis-prone health system”. What is framed as a strength of the system by our panelists, namely the ability to maintain legitimacy, improve efficiency, and guarantee continuity, can still have questionable implications that are left ungrasped. A system’s theory approach illustrates how such effects can develop and escalate beyond the reach of social interventions, and thus be predisposed to cause objectionable yet concealed social crises. The discussion illustrates how these endogenous crisis dynamics could be seen to materialize in real-life cases.
Women’s and Provider’s Moral Reasoning About the Permissibility of Coercion in Birth: A Descriptive Ethics Study
Authors: Eichinger Johanna , Büchler Andrea , Arnold Louisa , Rost Michael
Published: January 2024

Evidence shows that during birth women frequently experience unconsented care, coercion, and a loss of autonomy. For many countries, this contradicts both the law and medical ethics guidelines, which emphasize that competent and fully informed women’s autonomy must always be respected. To better understand this discordance, we empirically describe perinatal maternity care providers’ and women’s moral deliberation surrounding coercive measures during birth. Data were obtained from 1-on-1 interviews with providers (N = 15) and women (N = 14), and a survey of women (N = 118). Analyses focused on an in-depth exploration of responses to a question on the permissibility of coercion in birth whose wording was borrowed from a Swiss medical-ethical guideline. Reasons for and against a principle permissibility of coercive measures in birth were grouped into clusters of reasons to build a coherent explanatory framework. Factors considered morally relevant when deliberating on coercion included women’s decisional capacity, beneficence/non-maleficence, authority through knowledge on the part of providers, flaws of the medical system, or the imperative to protect the most vulnerable. Also, we identified various misconceptions, such as the conviction that a pathological birth can justify coercion or that fetal rights can justifiably infringe on women’s autonomy. Information and education on the issue of coercion in birth are urgently needed to enable women to fully exercise their reproductive autonomy, to prevent long-term adverse health outcomes of women and children, and to reconcile the medical vigilance which has lead to a reduction of perinatal morbidity and mortality with women’s enfranchisement in their own care.
Non-cognitive traits and homeownership in Australia
Authors: Mintah Kwabena , Baako Kingsley Tetteh , Churchill Sefa Awaworyi
Published: January 2024

We empirically examine the nexus between Locus of Control (LoC) and housing tenure in Australia. Drawing on data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Survey for the period 2001–2021, we find that being internal on LoC is associated with a higher likelihood of homeownership and transitioning from renting to owning a home, while being external on LoC is more likely to lead to the opposite. This result is consistent across multiple robustness checks. We also find evidence that social capital and income are transmission mechanisms through which LoC influences housing tenure. We provide some suggestions for policy.
Norwegian Outdoor Happiness: Residential Outdoor Spaces and Active Leisure Time Contributions to Subjective Well-being at the National Population Level at the Start of and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Grau-Ruiz Raul , Løvoll Helga Synnevåg , Dyrdal Gunvor Marie
Published: January 2024

Accumulating research shows that residential nature reliably promotes residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) in complex ways. The present study investigates how self-reported proximity to different outdoor spaces relate to SWB in Norway. The effects of having proximity to recreation and hiking areas and the frequency of moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time physical activity (MVLTPA) were estimated for five SWB measures (satisfaction with life, positive, and negative affect, mental well-being, and meaning in life). The study also estimated how outdoor spaces promote MVLTPA, and which of these relationships changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two Norwegian samples (collected in 2020 and 2021; N = 34,904) were explored using multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Residential outdoor spaces predicted higher SWB across measures and MVLTPA frequency. Importantly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between MVLTPA and all SWB measures was found, with a tipping point coinciding with weekly MVLTPA. Last, during the pandemic, outdoor spaces became stronger predictors: hiking areas for mental well-being and meaning in life; and recreation areas for MVLTPA (p < .05). This study refines our understanding of these complex relations and contributes to setting these effects in perspective with other sociodemographic factors and SWB measures. Lastly, the importance of residential outdoor spaces upon the prospect of future pandemics is discussed.
The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer
Authors: De La Cruz-Sigüenza D. A. , Reyes-Grajeda J. P. , Velasco-Velázquez M. A. , Trejo-Becerril C. , Pérez-Cárdenas E. , Chávez-Blanco A. , Taja-Chayeb L. , Domínguez-Gómez G. , Ramos-Godinez M. P. , González-Fierro A. , Dueñas-González A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis.

Methods

Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy.

Results

The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells.

Conclusions

The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
Extension of the Geomorphic Flood Index classifier to predict flood inundation maps for uncalibrated rainfall depths in arid regions
Authors: Hamouda Mohamed A. , Awadallah Ayman G. , Abdel-Maguid Ramadan H.
Published: January 2024

Flash floods are a rapid hydrological response that occurs within a short time with rapidly rising water levels and could lead to massive structural, social and economic damages. Therefore, generating flood inundation maps becomes necessary to distinguish areas exposed to floods. Hydrodynamic models are commonly used to generate inundation maps; however, they require high computational power and time, depending on the complexity of the model. For that, researchers developed effective, fast and simplified models. Among the simplified models, the Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI) is one of the most useful classifiers to generate inundation maps. Three main objectives are addressed in this study: (1) extend the GFI classifier to predict flood extent maps for uncalibrated rainfall depths, which will enhance early warning models for better risk assessments of extreme events; (2) enhance the accuracy of the simulated inundation maps using different calibration methods; and (3) investigate the performance of the GFI in various terrains with different resolutions. Three case studies in arid regions in Saudi Arabia were examined with different topographies, using terrains of high resolutions of 1 m and resampled low resolutions, as well as various rainfall depths corresponding to 5–100-yr return periods. The HEC-RAS 2D model was used to generate reference flood inundation maps. The obtained flood extent maps show high similarity compared to the reference maps with accuracy above 80%. Strong relationships between rainfall depths and the threshold GFI parameter were developed which allow producing inundation maps for any rainfall event.
What do we know about the choices of entrepreneurs before the equity crowdfunding campaign?
Authors: Correia Sandra , Sousa Miguel , Brandão Elísio
Published: January 2024

This literature survey focuses on the pre-investment phase of equity crowdfunding, encompassing three key areas: (i) a comparative analysis of equity crowdfunding (ECF) in relation to traditional sources of entrepreneurial funding, such as venture capital and business angels; (ii) a discussion on why and when entrepreneurs prefer ECF; and (iii) an in-depth examination of the diverse models of ECF platforms. This paper is relevant for both practice and research. It can help entrepreneurs to identify under what circumstances ECF might be preferable to traditional sources of start-up funding and which platform model best suits their needs. It is also relevant for research because, besides providing an organized summary of the literature on this new way of financing start-ups, it also identifies some inconsistencies and gaps in the existing literature, providing some clues for further investigations.
A Statistical Study of Solar White-Light Flares Observed by the White-Light Solar Telescope of the Lyman-Alpha Solar Telescope on the Advanced Space-Based Solar Observatory (ASO-S/LST/WST) at 360 nm
Authors: Jing Zhichen , Li Ying , Feng Li , Li Hui , Huang Yu , Li Youping , Su Yang , Chen Wei , Tian Jun , Song Dechao , Li Jingwei , Xue Jianchao , Zhao Jie , Lu Lei , Ying Beili , Zhang Ping , Su Yingna , Zhang Qingmin , Li Dong , Ge Yunyi , Li Shuting , Li Qiao , Li Gen , Liu Xiaofeng , Shi Guanglu , Shan Jiahui , Tian Zhengyuan , Zhou Yue , Gan Weiqun
Published: January 2024

Solar white-light flares (WLFs) are those accompanied by brightenings in the optical continuum or integrated light. The White-light Solar Telescope (WST), as an instrument of the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) on the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), provides continuous solar full-disk images at 360 nm, which can be used to study WLFs. We analyze 205 major flares above M1.0 from October 2022 to May 2023 and identify 49 WLFs at 360 nm from WST observations, i.e. with an occurrence rate of 23.9%. The percentages of WLFs for M1 – M4 (31 out of 180), M5 – M9 (11 out of 18), and above X1 (7 for all) flares are 17.2%, 61.1%, and 100%, respectively, namely the larger the flares, the more likely they are WLFs at 360 nm. We further analyze 39 WLFs among the identified WLFs and investigate their properties such as white-light enhancement, duration, and brightening area. It is found that the relative enhancement of the white-light emission at 360 nm is mostly (>90%) less than 30% and the mean enhancement is 19.4%. The WLFs’ duration at 360 nm is mostly (>80%) less than 20 minutes and its mean is 10.3 minutes. The brightening area at 360 nm is mostly (>75%) less than 500 arcsecond2 and the median value is 225. We find that there exist good correlations between the white-light enhancement/duration/area and the peak soft X-ray (SXR) flux of the flare, with correlation coefficients of 0.68, 0.58, and 0.80, respectively. In addition, the white-light emission in most WLFs peaks around the same time as the temporal derivative of SXR flux as well as the hard X-ray emission at 20 – 50 keV, indicative of the Neupert effect. It is also found that the limb WLFs are more likely to have a greater enhancement, which is consistent with numerical simulations.
Effects of temperament during handling and social rank on the blood biochemical parameters of common eland (Taurotragus oryx)
Authors: Musa A. S. , Kundankumar J. , Needham T. , Kotrba R. , Ny V. , Consolacion J. , Ceacero F.
Published: January 2024

Large herbivores are subject to handling and social stress in captivity. These may affect blood biochemical values, which motivated this research. Twelve healthy common eland (Taurotragus oryx) were monitored for 12 months. The animals were handled monthly, and blood samples were collected. Samples from every second month were analysed for 14 blood biochemical parameters. Temperament throughout the handling, as the summation of various behavioural responses, was calculated as a proxy of the stress generated during handling. Social behaviour was recorded each month, and the agonistic interactions were used to calculate the social rank, which was considered a proxy of social stress. Generalised Linear Mixed Models were designed to test the effects of temperament and social rank on the blood biochemical parameters while keeping sex, age, body condition, and body weight as covariates. The results show that the temperament during handling influences blood levels of albumin, alkaline phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total bilirubin, and total protein; however, social rank has little influence, affecting just albumin. The ranges observed in the values of these biochemical parameters were still within their reference intervals, implying the absence of pathology or physiological problems during the study. The results suggest that blood biochemical values of physically restrained common eland should be carefully interpreted, even in animals already habituated to routine handling. On the contrary, social rank has low effects on the blood biochemical parameters.
Working with digital textbooks or printed materials: A study with boys and girls on conditional probability
Authors: Brnic Maxim , Greefrath Gilbert , Reinhold Frank
Published: January 2024

The integration of dynamic visualisations, feedback formats and digital tools is characteristic of state-of-the-art digital mathematics textbooks. Although there already is evidence that students can benefit from these technology-based features in their learning, the direct comparison between the use of a comparable digital and printed resource has not yet been sufficiently investigated. We address this research gap by contrasting the use of an enriched digital textbook that includes these features and comparable printed materials without them. To do so, we investigate the achievement of 314 students in a pretest-posttest control group design in a five-hour series of lessons on conditional probability. Using the Rasch model and mixed ANOVA, the results indicate that students can benefit from digital textbook features, especially compared to the use of comparable printed materials. In line with other studies on mathematical achievement and the use of digital resources, our study also shows differences between boys and girls. It seems that particularly girls benefit from the use of the digital textbook, whereas, for the boys, it does not seem to make a difference what kind of resources they use. The group and gender differences are discussed against the background of other studies considering that, especially in Bayesian situations, the way statistical situations are visualised can be decisive for a student’s performance.
The tellurite resistance gene cluster of pathogenic bacteria and its effect on oxidative stress response
Authors: Vávrová Silvia , Grones Jozef , Šoltys Katarína , Celec Peter , Turňa Ján
Published: January 2024

Tellurite resistance gene clusters have been identified in numerous pathogenic bacteria, including clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. The rareness of tellurium in host organisms and the noncontaminated environment raises a question about the true functionality of tellurite resistance gene clusters in pathogenesis and their possible contribution to bacterial fitness. The study aims to point out the beneficial effects of the tellurite resistance gene cluster of pathogenic bacteria to survive in ROS-rich environments. Here, we analysed the bacterial response to oxidative stress conditions with and without tellurite resistance gene clusters, which are composed of terWY1XY2Y3 and terZABCDEF genes. By measuring the levels of protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and expression changes of oxidative stress genes upon oxidative stress, we propose a tellurite resistance gene cluster contribution to the elimination of oxidative damage, potentially increasing fitness and resistance to reactive oxygen species during macrophage attack. We have shown a different beneficial effect of various truncated versions of the tellurite resistance gene cluster on cell survival. The terBCDEF genes increased the survival of E. coli strain MC4100 by 13.21%, terW and terZABCDEF by 10.09%, and terWY1XY2Y3 and terZABCDEF by 25.57%, respectively. The ability to survive tellurite treatment is the most significant at 44.8% in wild clinical strain KL53 compared to laboratory strain E. coli MC4100 due to a complete wild-type plasmid presence.
Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis as a therapeutic target for FNC (2′-deoxy-2′-b-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine)-induced inhibition of Dalton’s lymphoma growth and proliferation
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kumar Sanjeev , Shukla Alok , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Rishi Kant , Ulasov Ilya , Kumar Sandeep , Patel Anand Kumar , Yadav Lokesh , Tiwari Ruchi , Rachana  , Mohanta Shivashish Priyadarshi , Kaushalendra  , Delu Vikram , Acharya Arbind
Published: January 2024

Purpose

T-cell lymphomas, refer to a diverse set of lymphomas that originate from T-cells, a type of white blood cell, with limited treatment options. This investigation aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanism of a novel fluorinated nucleoside analogue (FNA), 2′-deoxy-2′-β-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine (FNC), against T-cell lymphoma using Dalton’s lymphoma (DL)-bearing mice as a model.

Methods

Balb/c mice transplanted with the DL tumor model received FNC treatment to study therapeutic efficacy against T-cell lymphoma. Behavioral monitoring, physiological measurements, and various analyses were conducted to evaluate treatment effects for mechanistic investigations.

Results

The results of study indicated that FNC prevented DL-altered behavior parameters, weight gain and alteration in organ structure, hematological parameters, and liver enzyme levels. Moreover, FNC treatment restored organ structures, attenuated angiogenesis, reduced DL cell viability and proliferation through apoptosis. The mechanism investigation revealed FNC diminished MMP levels, induced apoptosis through ROS induction, and activated mitochondrial-mediated pathways leading to increase in mean survival time of DL mice. These findings suggest that FNC has potential therapeutic effects in mitigating DL-induced adverse effects.

Conclusion

FNC represents an efficient and targeted treatment strategy against T-cell lymphoma. FNC’s proficient ability to induce apoptosis through ROS generation and MMP reduction makes it a promising candidate for developing newer and more effective anticancer therapies. Continued research could unveil FNC’s potential role in designing a better therapeutic approach against NHL.
Artificial neural network approach to model Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption by NCS, ACS and BCS
Authors: Göde Fethiye , Yılmaz Asuman , Aktaş A. Hakan , Pehlivan Erol
Published: January 2024

Adsorption properties of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on natural (NCS), acid-activated (ACS) and base-activated (BCS) cherry stalks (CS) in Isparta were investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies had been completed with different initial chromium concentrations, pH, temperature, time and biosorbent dosage. Adsorption rapidly approached an equilibrium state between 10 and 60 min. The results displayed that the adsorption system was suitable for pseudo-second-order kinetics. Equilibrium isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich) were measured experimentally. The retention characteristics of Cr(III) onto NCS, ACS and BCS and Cr(VI) onto ACS were represented by Langmuir adsorption isotherms, while Cr(VI) ions onto NCS and BCS were compatible with Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption process was endothermic accompanied by a decrease in entropy and Gibbs energy. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was improved to estimate the efficiency of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ion’s adsorption. The ANN model can predict the behaviour of the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ion's adsorption under different circumstances. The results have shown that NCS, ACS and BCS biosorbents open up new possibilities and potential commercial uses in the cherry stalks.
The Role of Rehabilitation for the Dying Cancer Patient
Authors: Arora Arpit , Chang Philip , Asher Arash
Published: January 2024

Purpose of Review

This article aims to expand on the role of rehabilitation clinicians in providing whole-person care to the dying cancer patient. We identify symptoms common at the end of life in patients with cancer and demonstrate how rehabilitation specialists can use medications and interventions to ease the dying process.

Recent Findings

Achieving adequate pain and symptom control can be done through a collaborative, multidisciplinary model with physiatrists, nurses, and therapists in all disciplines. Addressing anxiety, depression, and existential distress can and must be part of the whole-person rehabilitation care.

Achieving a “good death” is a collaborative process and one that is unique to each individual. Research has revealed that people want to be as symptom-free as possible, remain as functional and clear-thinking as possible, and contribute to those around them. The rehabilitation team is well-poised to help individuals meet these goals.
Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes-related foot complications: A cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Mai Loan , Wong Dana , Barson Elizabeth , Staunton Eva , Fisher Caroline A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Mild-moderate cognitive impairment has been identified in general diabetes, and early evidence indicates cognitive reductions may be more pronounced in those with diabetes-related foot complications (DRFC). Cognitive difficulties may impede treatment engagement and self-management. This requires further explication to optimise patient care and outcomes. The current study aimed to characterise cognitive function in people with DRFC using comprehensive cognitive measures.

Method

This cross-sectional cohort study recruited 80 adult participants (Mage = 63.38, SD = 11.40, range = 30 – 89) from the Royal Melbourne Hospital Diabetic Foot Unit in Victoria, Australia, all with DRFC. Each completed a comprehensive cognitive battery (memory, attention, executive functions) and scores were calculated using age-matched population norms, where available.

Results

On the majority of tasks, DRFC participants performed significantly worse than age-matched norms, with the largest decrements seen in inhibition control, verbal memory, verbal abstract reasoning and working memory. Small to moderate reductions were also seen in visual learning, verbal fluency, processing speed and premorbid functioning. Demographic (lower education, male gender) and clinical factors (higher HbA1c, macrovascular and microvascular disease, longer diabetes duration) were associated with poorer cognitive functioning.

Conclusions

Marked reductions in cognitive functioning were found in individuals with DRFC, predominantly in the domains of verbal memory and executive functioning. Lower education, male gender and indicators of diabetes severity, such as vascular disease, are associated with heightened risk for poorer cognitive functioning. As DRFCs are a serious complication with devastating outcomes if not successfully managed, cognitive barriers to self-management must be addressed to optimise treatment.
PanDA: Production and Distributed Analysis System
Authors: Maeno Tadashi , Alekseev Aleksandr , Barreiro Megino Fernando Harald , De Kaushik , Guan Wen , Karavakis Edward , Klimentov Alexei , Korchuganova Tatiana , Lin FaHui , Nilsson Paul , Wenaus Torre , Yang Zhaoyu , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2024

The Production and Distributed Analysis (PanDA) system is a data-driven workload management system engineered to operate at the LHC data processing scale. The PanDA system provides a solution for scientific experiments to fully leverage their distributed heterogeneous resources, showcasing scalability, usability, flexibility, and robustness. The system has successfully proven itself through nearly two decades of steady operation in the ATLAS experiment, addressing the intricate requirements such as diverse resources distributed worldwide at about 200 sites, thousands of scientists analyzing the data remotely, the volume of processed data beyond the exabyte scale, dozens of scientific applications to support, and data processing over several billion hours of computing usage per year. PanDA’s flexibility and scalability make it suitable for the High Energy Physics community and wider science domains at the Exascale. Beyond High Energy Physics, PanDA’s relevance extends to other big data sciences, as evidenced by its adoption in the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the sPHENIX experiment. As the significance of advanced workflows continues to grow, PanDA has transformed into a comprehensive ecosystem, effectively tackling challenges associated with emerging workflows and evolving computing technologies. The paper discusses PanDA’s prominent role in the scientific landscape, detailing its architecture, functionality, deployment strategies, project management approaches, results, and evolution into an ecosystem.
Evaluation of the efficiency of urban solid waste management in Brazil by data envelopment analysis and possible variables of influence
Authors: das Mercês Costa Isabel , Dias Marta Ferreira , Robaina Margarita
Published: January 2024

This article has the general objective of estimating the efficiency of urban solid waste management in 940 Brazilian municipalities through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique and has specific objectives: (i) to estimate efficiency scores; (ii) to compare the performance between different groups of municipalities; and (iii) to analyze the profile of efficient municipalities from the perspective of the guidelines of Law 12,305/2010 and socio-economic and environmental indicators. The technique used was DEA with output-oriented and variable scale to return modeling. The results showed higher efficiency scores in the municipalities with populations above 500,000 inhabitants. The score variation ranged from 0.5 (municipalities with populations <10,000 inhabitants) to 0.9 (municipalities with more than 500,000 inhabitants). Of the sample set, only 12.34% of the municipalities were considered efficient, and when analyzing the efficient group, it was found that adherence to legislation was not a major factor in achieving efficiency.

Graphical abstract
Comparative study between micro- and nano-carbon with epoxy for gamma shielding applications
Authors: Gouda Mona M. , El-Khatib Ahmed M. , Khalil Mona M. , Abd-Elzaher Mohamed , Abbas Mahmoud I.
Published: January 2024

In the current study, the epoxy material was mixed with 10%, and 30% weight percent carbon material as filler in different thicknesses (1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements showed the average size of the nano-carbon was 20 nm with a standard deviation of 5 nm. The morphology of samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed the flatness of the epoxy surface, and when the content of carbon increases, the connection between the epoxy array and carbon increases. The compression test indicates the effect of nano-size on enhancing the mechanical properties of the studied samples. To survey the shielding properties of the epoxy/carbon composites using gamma-rays emitted from Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60, and Eu-152 sources, which covered a wide range of energies from 0.059 up to 1.408 MeV, the gamma intensity was measured using the NaI (Tl) detector. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients were calculated by obtaining the area under each peak of the energy spectrum observed from Genie 2000 software in the presence and absence of the sample. The experimental results obtained were compared theoretically with XCOM software. The comparison examined the validity of experimental results where the relative division rate ranged between 0.02 and 2%. Also, the measurement of the relative division rate between linear attenuation coefficients of micro- and nano-composites was found to range from 0.9 to 21% The other shielding parameters are calculated at the same range of energy, such as a half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and the buildup factors (EBF and EABF). The data revealed a consistent reduction in the particle size of the shielding material across various weight percentages, resulting in enhanced radiation shielding capabilities. The sample that contains 30% nano-carbon has the lowest values of TVL (29.4 cm) and HVL (8.85 cm); moreover, it has the highest value of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), which makes it the best in its ability to attenuate radiation.
Fimbrin associated with Pmk1 to regulate the actin assembly during Magnaporthe oryzae hyphal growth and infection
Authors: Li Yuan-Bao , Shen Ningning , Deng Xianya , Liu Zixuan , Zhu Shuai , Liu Chengyu , Tang Dingzhong , Han Li-Bo
Published: January 2024

The dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton is vital for Magnaporthe oryzae development and host infection. The actin-related protein MoFim1 is a key factor for organizing the M. oryzae actin cytoskeleton. Currently, how MoFim1 is regulated in M. oryzae to precisely rearrange the actin cytoskeleton is unclear. In this study, we found that MoFim1 associates with the M. oryzae mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Pmk1 to regulate actin assembly. MoFim1 directly interacted with Pmk1, and the phosphorylation level of MoFim1 was decreased in Δpmk1, which led to a change in the subcellular distribution of MoFim1 in the hyphae of Δpmk1. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton was aberrantly organized at the hyphal tip in the Δpmk1, which was similar to what was observed in the Δmofim1 during hyphal growth. Furthermore, phosphorylation analysis revealed that Pmk1 could phosphorylate MoFim1 at serine 94. Loss of phosphorylation of MoFim1 at serine 94 decreased actin bundling activity. Additionally, the expression of the site mutant of MoFim1 S94D (in which serine 94 was replaced with aspartate to mimic phosphorylation) in Δpmk1 could reverse the defects in actin organization and hyphal growth in Δpmk1. It also partially rescues the formation of appressorium failure in Δpmk1. Taken together, these findings suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Pmk1 phosphorylates MoFim1 to regulate the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton during hyphal development and pathogenesis.
Home care for COVID-19 positive cases: suitability of the residential setting and ability of cases to adhere to the required preventive measures
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abou Naja Abir , Farhat Suzan , Abou-Abbas Linda , Hassan Hamad
Published: January 2024

Introduction

With the upsurge of COVID-19 cases, Lebanese hospitals were overburdened and hospital care was prioritized for COVID-19 patients with the highest probability of poor outcomes. This paper aimed to assess the suitability of residential settings for home isolation and to explore the patient’s ability to adhere to the required precautions measures.

Methods

All COVID-19 cases reported between February, 21 and the end of June 2020 and who had mild or moderate symptoms, were contacted via phone calls by a healthcare professional to fill out a standardized questionnaire developed to assess the suitability of the residential setting for home care. Inpatient cases were required, before their discharge from the hospitals, to sign consent related to their adherence to the mandatory precautionary measures. They were also asked to complete, on daily basis, the symptoms monitoring log form. A referral system to health facilities was established to manage cases with worsening health status. A collaborative framework to address violations of home isolation rules was also put in place.

Results

Of the 600 cases assessed, 44.7% of them were isolated in a living building apartment (67.2%) with one entrance (85.5%) including four to eight rooms (71%). Around one-quarter of patients have children (< 5 years) and 75% of them were living with elderly people. Most of the patients confirmed the availability of a well-ventilated single room (96.2%) and a separate bathroom (80.17%). As for infrastructure, more than 90% of patients confirmed the availability of drinking and tank water, heating facilities, electricity, and safe trash elimination. Similarly, more than 90% of them had access to personal hygiene items, disinfectants, and personal protective equipment. The bulk of homes care were rated as easily reachable. As for awareness and ability to self-serving, 94.5% of patients were knowledgeable about the required preventive measures, able to serve themselves and to adhere to the isolation requirements as well. Only 51.8% of them had access to psychological support.

Conclusion

Proper assessment of the residential setting for home care of COVID-19 cases combined with close monitoring of the adherence of patients to the required precaution measures are highly needed for limiting the spread of infection within the household and the community.
Correction of Electrolyte Abnormalities in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bulloch Marilyn N. , Cardinale-King Maria , Cogle Sarah , Radparvar Sara , Effendi Muhammad , Jagpal Sugeet , Dixit Deepali
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The majority of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for at least one electrolyte abnormality and critically ill patients are the most vulnerable population to the effects of suboptimal electrolyte levels. These patients have unique characteristics impacting implications of the electrolyte disturbances and management.

Areas Covered

In the ICU, magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, and sodium are the most commonly encountered electrolytes that can be abnormal in the critically ill. Critical illness both is affected by and affects disturbances of these electrolytes which can result in more severe illness, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, increased dialysis support, longer length of stay, and increased mortality. Often, patients have multiple imbalances that require correction. Removal or mitigation of the cause should be undertaken whenever possible and should be concurrent with any therapeutic management used to correct the electrolyte imbalance. Selection of medication to correct electrolyte imbalances should be undertaken according to available evidence and drug-specific characteristics that impact medication delivery in the critically ill.

Electrolyte disturbances, measurements, and corrections are ubiquitous in the ICU. Published literature on the management of electrolytes in the critically ill is limited. Management should consider factors unique to the critically ill when selecting optimal treatment approach and it is essential to individualize treatment to a patient’s unique needs and adapt management to the patient’s chancing clinical situation.
Big data analytic capability and collaborative business culture on business innovation: the role of mediation and moderation effects
Authors: Kissi Philip Siaw
Published: January 2024

Although Big Data Analytic Capability (BDAC) has advanced in some organisations, the impact on collaboration and business innovation is unnoticed in the literature. Therefore, this study examines the influence of BDAC on Collaboration Business Culture (CBC) and business innovation. The study further investigates how the relationships between CBC and business innovation and BDAC and CBC are mediated and moderated, respectively. Data was collected from 577 managers in selected organisations using a survey questionnaire. The research hypotheses were examined using a PLS-SEM. The study reveals that BDAC positively impacts CBC and business innovation, while CBC influences business innovation. The result also indicates that BDAC partially mediates the CBC and innovation relationship. The findings also revealed that BDAC moderates the CBC and business innovation relationship. Detailed knowledge contributions and managerial implications are discussed.