bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEPARANASE EXPRESSION IN RENAL INTERSTITIAL MAY CONTRIBUTE TO EPITHELIAL AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS INJURIES AFTER KIDNEY ISCHEMIC/ REPERFUSION EPISODE IN MICE
Authors: Arfian Nur , Ratna Sari Dwi C , Romi Muhammad M , Wibisono Dian P , Emoto Noriaki
Published: September 2015

Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) is the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). It had been reported that epithelial and endothelial injuries occurred during kidney I/R injury. Heparanase is an enzyme that degrades glycocalyx and contributes to I/R injury in the heart and liver. This study is to elucidate the association between heparanase expression and cell injuries in kidney I/R injury. We performed kidney I/R injury model in mice using renal pedicle clamping for 30 minutes and sacrificed the mice in day 1 (n=6) after operation. Sham-operation procedure (SO, n=5) was used as control. PAS staining was used to quantify tubular injury score. Serum creatinine was measured from orbital venous. Heparanase expression was quantified using western blot and real-time PCR. Heparanase localization and endothelial injury were shown by immunostaining of heparanase and double glycocalyx-von Willebrand factor. Kidney I/R induced an increase of serum creatinine level that was accompanied by elevation of tubular injury score and glycocalyx damage. Glycocalyx damage was identified using immunofluorescent staining that revealed a disruption of glycocalyx or lectin layer in the endothelial cells of intra-renal artery. This finding was associated with significant elevation of heparanase mRNA and protein level expression. We found that heparanase was expressed in the renal epithelial and interstitial cells. In conclusion, heparanase may induce endothelial and epithelial injury in the kidney I/R episode. Using heparanase expression as a early marker of AKI may possibly promising. Keywords: kidney I/R, epithelial injury, endothelial injury, heparanase, glycocalyx
INDIVIDUAL HUMAN SERA RESPONSE AGAINST PROTEIN EXTRACTS FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF Aedes aegypti
Authors: Oktarianti Rike , Senjarini Kartika , . Fatchiyah , . Aulani’am
Published: September 2015

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a complex mixture of biologically active proteins. These proteins may modify hemostatic responses and induce both cellular immunity and the production of specific antibodies, and thus influence the transmission of its pathogens from arthropods vector to human host. Aedes aegypti is the main vector for transmission of dengue viruses into human. The objective of this study was to examine individual human sera response against protein extracts from salivary gland of Ae aegypti that mediate the infection of dengue viruses. We did a cross reaction test of human sera from healthy people in endemic and non-endemic area, and dengue patients againts SGE of Ae. aegypti to distinguish and to identify the immunogenic proteins using Western Blot Analysis. About 15 protein bands of SGE from Ae. aegypti ranging from 15 kDa up to 255 kDa were identified on 12% SDS-PAGE. Seven dominant bands were detected, i.e ~255, 56, 42, 31, 27, 26 and 15 kDa. Two immunogenic proteins, as represented by two bands, i.e. ~31 and 56 kDa were found only in samples from people who were previously exposed to mosquitoes bites, and not in people who had not been exposed. Therefore, these immunogenic salivary proteins may serve as indicators for the immune response in human against protein from salivary gland of Ae. aegypti.Keywords: immunogenic proteins, salivary gland, Aedes aegypti
DOES Beta vulgaris L. HAVE LCYB GENE?
Authors: Irawan Yulius Dedy , Chamalia Ilvi , , Dahlia , Listyorini Dwi
Published: September 2015

Beta carotene is a pigment that generally shared by all plants. This pigment synthesis is catalized by lycopene beta cyclase enzime. This enzyme is encoded by the LCYB gene. This research aimed to obtain the sequence of LCYB gene isolated from beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. Several experiments have been done to isolate the LCYB gene. In the first experiment, the gene primers are designed using Pick Primer software based on conserved region of Taraxacum officinale (accession no.AB247456.1) and Lilium lancifolium LCYB (accession no. GU471230.1).The forward primer is (5'-TGTCGTGGTGGATCTTGTGG-3') and the reverse is (5'-ACACCTGTTGAGCGACAGAC-3').At the first experiment, the gene target’s sequence was not obtained as the phylogenetic relationship between Beta vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, and Lilium lancifolium were too far.In the second experiment, the primers are designed using LCYB gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (accsession no.NM_111858.2), with considering Arabidopsis thaliana as a plant model. The primers are (5’­TGGGACAGCAGGAATGGTTC-3’) as the forward primer and (5’-GAGAAGAGCGACAACCCGAA-3’) the reverse. By using BLAST analysis in the second experiment, it suggests that the fragment amplified by forward primer has similarity with trnL gene.This study seems to amplify the trnL gene instead of LCYB gene. This facts leads to bigger question whether or not the Beta vulgaris L has the LCYB gene.Keywords : Beta carotene, Lycopene Beta Cyclase, Beta vulgaris L, LCYB gene
IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHISM ON SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE GENES IN TWENTY RICE GENOTYPES AND THEIR GENETIC RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Carsono Nono , Barus Yessikha V. , Sari Santika , Widarmi Winny D. , Dono Danar , Sumekar Yayan , H.K Murdaningsih
Published: September 2015

Brown planthopper is one of the most destructive insect pest of rice in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Pyramiding some brown planthopper resistance genes is a valuable approach to create more durable resistance against the pest. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms of Brown Planthopper Resistance genes (Bph) on 20 genotypes of rice, and to obtain genetic relationship among genotypes tested. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2012 at Green House and Laboratory of Plant Analysis and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Twenty genotypes were analyzed, and two of them were used as check varieties. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were applied to detect Bph3, Bph4, Qbph3, and Qbph4 genes. Polymorphic levels were analyzed by calculating PIC (Polymorphic Information Content). The grouping of rice genotypes were done based on principal components analysis (PCA) of SSR data, and the genetic relationship based on the presence of Bph genes was estimated using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group With Arithmetic mean). Results showed that RM313, RM8072, RM8213, RM5953, RM586, and RM589 markers were polymorphic. Rice genotypes PTB 33, Diah Suci, Cibogo, Cisantana, Digul, Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, and Memberamo had Bph3, Qbph3, Bph4, and Qbph4. Meanwhile Bph3, Qbph3, and Bph4 were supposed to be belonged by IR 64, Aek Sibundong, Batang Gadis, IR 66, and Mekongga. Kalimas and Tukat Penatu had Bph3, Qbph3, dan Qbph4. IR 74 had Bph3 and Qbph3, and Fatmawati had Bph3 and Bph4. UPGMA clustering resulted in two main clusters, in which the first cluster consisted of 2 subclusters. PTB-33 was closely related with Memberamo, Tukat Penatu, Digul, Diah Suci, and Kalimas. The SSR markers used in this study were proven to be valuable in molecular detection of Bph genes and in estimating genetic relationsips of rice genotypes. PTB-33 was a good donor of resistance genes, as well as Memberamo, Tukat Penatu, Digul, Diah Suci, and Kalimas which were identified as promising donors in rice breeding resistance to brown planthopper.

Keywords : Bph gene, Brown Planthopper, Genetic relationship, SSR markers.
LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION ON HYPERSENSITIVITY OF Balb/C MICE AFTER GIVEN ETHANOL EXTRACT TUBER OF Dioscorea alata L.
Authors: Makiyah Sri Nabawiyati Nurul , Djati Moch. Sasmito , Rifa’i Muhaimin , , Widodo
Published: September 2015

Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a source nutritious tubers that has not been used optimally. Nutrients content in Dioscorea species are starch, essentials amino acid, minerals, polyphenol, glycoprotein, purin derivates such as allantoin, and steroid saponin which have biological activity such as immunomodulatory and antiallergic. The purpose of this research was to assess the absolute number of lymphocyte on hypersensitivity of mice after treated with ethanol extract of D. alata. Twenty one male Balb/C mice were used which were divided into seven groups: control (C), negative control (NC), treatments with ethanol extract of D. alata 0.17 g/kg, 2.01 g/kg, 10.04 g/kg (T I – T III), treatment with antihistamine drug 0,4 mg/mice/day (T IV) and treatment with diosgenin 200 mg/kg (T V). For 17 consecutive days the T I - T III groups were treated with ethanol extract of D. alata correspond to their doses, T IV group were treated with antihistamine drugs, and T V group were treated with diosgenin. On day 15, NC and T I – T V groups of mice were induced by ovalbumin 0,0483 mg/mice. Mice were sacrificed on day 18, and the lymphocyte was isolated from spleen, and the absolute number of lymphocyte was counted with Haemocytometer. Results showed that the absolute number of lymphocyte on mice hypersensitivity after treated with ethanol extract of D. alata L. were the lowest, while the highest absolute number of lymphocyte was found in the group treated with antihistamine drugs followed by the group treated with diosgenin on 200 mg/kg BW, negative control group and control group, respectively.

Keywords: Balb/C mice, Dioscorea alata, ovalbumin, hypersensitivity, lymphocyte
DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ODONTOGLOSSUM RINGSPOT VIRUS (ORSV) JAVA AND BALI ISOLATES
Authors: , Mahfut , Daryono Budi Setiadi , , Trijoko
Published: September 2015

Orchids are one of the most important ornamental plants and cultivated in tropical countries, including in Indonesia. Virus infections become an important limiting factor in orchids cultivation because it causes significant losses of the plants. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is one of the most reported viruses infecting orchids and spread widely in the world. The common symptoms are mosaic with line pattern and necrotic ringspot on leaf surface, and also color breaking on flowers. The purpose of this research was to find out the occurrence of ORSV infecting orchids in Java and Bali, genetic relationship among ORSV isolates based on similarities of coat protein (CP) gene, and to analyze the pathogenicity test of ORSV Java and Bali isolates. Survey and samples collection were conducted in seven locations cultivating orchids in Java and Bali. Detection with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) showed that ORSV was infected three leaf samples of Phalaenopsis sp., called ORSV BOC, ORSV KRB and ORSV TNBB isolates. The results showed 474 bp-amplified DNA band as the expression of ORSV CP gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of CP gene showed that ORSV BOC have similarity close to ORSV Germany, whereas ORSV KRB and ORSV TNBB leads to speciation that possible to be a new strain. Pathogenicity test using various healthy plants showed that ORSV BOC may infected and cause systemic symptoms on Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana tabacum, Dendrobium sp., Cymbidium sp., Chattleya sp., Phalaenopsis sp., Liparis sp., Spatthoglotis sp. and Pectelis sussanae (L.) Raf.

Keywords: ORSV, orchids, coat protein, RT-PCR
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Indonesia Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) Cultivars Based on RAPD Marker
Authors: Laurent Danny , Sianipar Nesti F. , _ Chelen , _ Listiarini , Wantho Ariandana
Published: September 2015

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a plant from Araceae family. The plant has high medical potential as anti-cancer agent. The information regarding Indonesian rodent tuber’s genetic diversity is not available yet. Genetic information is very important for the development of rodent tuber as medicinal plant. In this research, genetic diversity and genetic distance of three Indonesian rodent tuber’s cultivars, from Bogor, Pekalongan, and Medan, were analyzed by using RAPD molecular markers. The data obtained was analyzed by NTsys software. Out of 16 primers used in the study, the 12 primers were found to be polymorphic. There were 83 bands of DNA obtained and 31 of them were polymorphic. Dendogram analysis of the three rodent tuber cultivars showed that these cultivars were clustered into two clusters. The first cluster consists of rodent tuber Bogor and Medan. The second cluster consists of rodent tuber Pekalongan. The coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.81 to 0.87. The highest coefficient of similarity was 0.87, which was detected between rodent tuber Pekalongan and Medan. The lowest coefficient of similarity was 0.81, which was detected between rodent tuber Bogor and Pekalongan. Among these three cultivars of rodent tuber, cultivar Bogor was exclusively different.

Keywords: Indonesia-rodent tuber, genetic diversity, RAPD-marker
NEW REPORT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RARE BIRD SPECIES IN TAHURA RADEN SOERJO, EAST JAVA
Authors: Cahyono Heru , Pramudhita Haris Eka , Hermadiyanti Windri
Published: September 2015

The latest information about the distribution of a less-recorded Java-dwelling bird species found in Tahura Raden Soerjo (East Java) is noteworthy additional information in the field of ornithology. Observations were conducted in the Cangar tourism site, along the main road linking Pacet and Batu, as well as in the northern area of Tahura Raden Soerjo, which includes the hiking trails of the Welirang-Arjuno mountains. The birds with minimum records are the Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa), Thick-billed Flowerpecker (Dicaeum agile), Yellow-vented Flowerpecker (Dicaeum chryssorheum), Sunda Thrush (Zoothera andromedae), Narcissus Flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), Brown Wood-owl (Strix leptogrammica), Oriental Bay-owl (Phodilus badius), and Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros). Several findings are supported with detailed documentations and direct observation data that can be accounted for. This information denotes that Tahura Raden Soerjo is a potential hotspot to be preserved for the sake of the rare bird species and the other biodiversity.

Keywords: Tahura Raden Soerjo, sighting reports, distribution, observation
DENSITY AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN OF Rhinoclavissinensis, Gmelin 1791 (GASTROPODA: CERITHIIDAE) AT THE KRAKAL BEACH, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Zahida Felicia , Subagja Jusup , Situmorang Jesmandt , Nitimulyo Kamiso Handoyo
Published: September 2015

Krakal Beach Yogyakarta was the most disturbed beach among others in Yogyakarta in term of shells exploitation. Those shells had been traded not only locally at Krakal Beach, but also to Kukup Beach, Baron Beach,Yogyakarta city and for export purpose in the form of raw or handicraft material. Those activities makes the beach condition even much worse.
Some researches were done to reveal whether exploitations were done by tourists (Andiet al. 2005) or local people (Zahidaet al. 2005), and the researched showed that it caused by local people. Further research wanted to elucidate the intensity and volume of harvested shells (Zahida and Sinulingga 2004), and the results showed that more shells were harvested before adults. This was an indication of overharvesting.
Overharvesting or commonly called as overfishing status of the shells exploitation was studied in Krakal Beach, Yogyakarta. King (2003) stated that the exploitation of gastropods for their shells is unquantified, but may account for a much larger live catch weight than does exploitation for food. The aim of this research was to study the density and reproductive pattern of R. sinensis from Krakal Beach, Yogyakarta.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF AEROBIC ANOXYGENIC PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA IN THE TROPICAL COASTAL WATERS OF GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Aprilyanto Victor , Djohan Tjut Sugandawaty , Sembiring Langkah
Published: September 2015

This research was conducted to reveal the distribution and abundance of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) in the tropical coastal waters of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Sampling site was determined at the coastal fish catchment area. We sampled and enumerated total bacterioplankton and AAP bacteria at four sampling depth which are 0, 4, 6, and 20 metre with five replicates each. Several dissolved nutrients such as nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate in each respective depths were also measured. Several fluctuations in the nutrient distributions were observed and hypothesized as the regulating factors to the distribution and abundance of AAP bacteria as well as bacterioplankton. The results revealed that AAP bacteria were ranging from 3.83×102 –7.48×102 cell/ml, comprising about 1% to ~2.5% of total bacterioplankton. The abundance of both community were quite low and showed similar distributions with the nutrients. In conclusion, the distribution and abundance of AAP bacteria were regulated by nutrients as the bottom-up factors and also by predators such as nanoplanktons as the top-down factors.

Keywords: tropical waters, microbial loop, predation.
THE LICHENS DIVERSITY IN TRIANGULATION OF ALAS PURWO NATIONAL PARK, EAST JAVA
Authors: Noer Iin Supartinah , Kusmoro Joko , Darussalam Erwan Yudiar , Laksono Dwi Nur , Hakim Aan Abdul
Published: September 2015

The lichen flora of tropical areas is still much underworked Java in general and Alas Purwo in East Java for specially is no exception. Alas Purwo National Park is representative of a typical lowland tropical rain forest ecosystem in Java. . It is famous with peculiar and endemic species of plant include sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) and manggong bamboo (Gigantochloa manggong). , beside among the other plants also ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), kepuh (Sterculia foetida), and keben (Barringtonia asiatica). Moreover, in lowland tropical rain forest ecosystem have reported the lichens species diversity is very high and may include over 200 species in 1 ha. There is no reported have found concerning the lichens richness in Alas Purwo. Recently preliminary study of Lichens diversity have been done at triangulation Zone Alas Purwo National Park , East Java. The lichens of the study area have not been treated comprehensively. We explored the lichenological characteristics of putative”tropical lowland cloud forest” (LCF) in a lowland area (0–20ma.s.l.) near Triangulation using macrolichens (cortocoulous species) as indicator taxa We analyzed lichen diversity on 20 trees in two 0,25 ha plots. In tropical lowland forests, corticolous green algal lichens are abundant and highly diverse. This may be related to adaptation to prevailing microenvironmental conditions including, for example, high precipitation and low light intensities. In the understory of a tropical lowland rain forest in Alas Purwo , we studied the morphology and anatomy of corticolous lichens and microcristal test. We found that from Tetrasigma sp , Serbella otodans, Hemandia feltata Baringtonia aciatika Pandanaceae Manilcara cauci Swetinia mahagoni trees there are 30 species of lichens, dominated by Dyorigma sp Graphis and Glyphis from familia of Graphidaceae and Dirinaria Physcia Pyxine Ramalina from familia of Parmeliaceae. The thallus calour was variety from Green-grey, Green-bllue, green, light green, grey, brown, dark green to orange. They have vegetative as wel as generative reproduction such as isidia, soralia, soredia, chypellae, histerothecia, perithecia,and apothecia. The lichenic acids contain such as gyrophoric acid, barbatic acid, usnic acid, atranorin, acid, divaricatic acid and lecanoric acid,

Keywords: Alas Purwo, lichens and lichenic acid.
IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (Trachypithecus auratus) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN-BATU BASED ON D-LOOP SEQUENCES
Authors: Rizkyani Anisa , Sai Elizabeth Marlynda Shierly , Muslih Miftahul , Ghofur Abdul , Listyorini Dwi
Published: September 2015

Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of endemic primates in Indonesia and classified into vulnerable level. Based on its morphological characteristic and geographic area, Javan Langur divided into 2 subspecies, those are Trachypithecus auratus auratus and Trachypithecus auratus mauritius. The identification of its morphological characteristic and genetic in species or subspecies level is important before releasing because it is correlated with inbreeding grouping and releasing place. The aim of this study is to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Javan Langur Center (JLC) Coban Talun-Batu based on D-Loop sequence. The blood sample used in this study was taken from two adult female Javan Langur named Ijem and Embun, that have different morphological characteristics. Both (primates) are suggested to be T.a.mauritius and T.a.auratus respectively. The amplification of D-Loop sequence by mean of PCR technique was performed using specific designed primers forward D-LoopRs 5’-GTACTTAACTCCACCACCAA-3’ and reverse D-LoopRs 5’-GTTGAGTTGGGTATGCTCGA-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model shows that Ijem and Embun are placed in different clade. Pairwise distance from those samples value is 11,4%, it prove that they are interspecies. This result supports the morphological characteristic and previous research used Cyt-b sequence, Ijem is Trachypithecus auratus mauritius and Embun is Trachypithecus auratus auratus.

Keywords : Identification, Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), D-loop, Javan Langur Center
ETNOLICHENOLOGY OF OLD MENS BEARD (Usnea spp) AT PRIANGAN
Authors: Noer Iin Supartinah , Mayawatie Betty , Maryani Leni , Juanda Jujun , Manganti Anggit
Published: September 2015

Usnea has been used for a long time in Indonesia for traditional medicine and crude material for jamu. The study of taxonomy and local knowledge at Priangan are less information. The research was conducted between March 2011–April 2012. The aim of this research was to explore the local knowledge of species Usnea conducted by emic and ethic approaches. The specimens collection was done by survey along the pine forest at Bandung, Sumedang, Garut, Ciamis and Tasikmalaya in Priangan areas. The specimens were analysis morphological, anatomy and chemical. The etnolichenology study was done by descriptive qualitative, survey and interview also observation participative at Gunung Gelap Village and Kamojang area of Garut Regency and Cibunar village,Sumedang Regency in West Java. The interview was done with key informants. The taxonomical study found the 11 species of Beard lichens found in pine forest at Priangan, belong to 3 subgenus. They are subgenus Dilichousnea, consist of Usnea filipendula, U. hirta,U. longisima and U. trichodea. Subgenus Eumitra consist of U.baileyi and U. ceratina. Subgenus Usnea consist of U. cornuta,
U. flexilis, Usnea. flexuosa, U. florida and U.glabra. The dominant species growing on pine in different location are U. baileyi and U. flexilis. They have thalli colour dark green, yellow-green, pale green and reddish brown. Thallus branching is dichotomous in all species with difference in the thickness form the isotomic or anisotomic dichotomous types. Species Usnea is fructicose with habits erect type or subpendent type or pendent type.The lichenic acid contain in Usnea species are different and dominant by usnic acid and protocetoric acid. The stictic acid only found in U.flexuosa. The result of interview known that Usnea was called janggot kai by the Sundanese. People grouping the Usnea based on colour, growth pattern and surface of thallus, so known “Janggot kai hejo, janggot kai koneng, janggot kai rubak, janggot kai ngaruntuy, janggot kai kesrak and janggot kai lemes”. Mostly the people used Usnea as raru for preservative nira, medicine and spices. The Sudanese used Usnea in formula oj jamu or ubar kampong to treat mouth ulcer, dysentery, catch a cold, skin eruption, stiff, menstruation painful, hemorrhoids,child birth ease and in making mahinum (jamu for mother after utter) and used as face powder of noble woman.

Keywords: Usnea, local knowledge, raru, ubar kampong.
ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED PLANLET Vanilla planifolia Andrews. ON FUSARIC ACID, RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae
Authors: E. Suharyanto , E. Nurcahyani , B Hadisutrisno , I Sumardi
Published: September 2015

Vanilla is one of the important agricultural export commodity of Indonesia. The vanilla from Indonesia is well known for it high levels of vanillin content,which is about 2,75%. Until recently, the most hazardous disease of vanilla is foot rot infection caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae (Fov). One alternative way to control the foot rot disease is by using cultivars which resistant to its pathogen. Selected plantlets have been induced by using fusaric acid on the in vitro medium. The goal of this research is to characterize the anatomical point of few especially on leaves, pseudo bulb and root with respect of resistant to Fov. Moreover, it is also addressed to determine the different characters of the phenotype vanilla plantlet whichare total of phenol, peroxydases enzyme activity, the thickness of lignin, and the chlorophyll content. The data on this research were recorded, compiled and categorized as descriptive qualitative and quantitative information. Theresult showed significant increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and also the total of chlorophyll. The overall in line correlated with the increasing FA concentration. The total chlorophyll at 90 ppm FA could increased about 1,2 times, while at 100 ppm and 110 ppm FA could enhanced about 1,4 to 1,5 times compared to control. Anatomical characters between vanilla control, infected fov, and resistant to fov, were showed clearly at the stele part especially at xylem as the main function for transporting water from root to the leaf, which formed thyllose. Phenol total at about 4,39 % in control, increased to 5,34% in 90 ppm, and followed by 5,52 % in 100 ppm and 5,87 % at 110 ppm. Peroxidases enzyme activity at FA 90 ppm produced about 0,25 U/mg/min, and at 100 ppm FA on 0,34 U/mg/min, while at FA 110 ppm generated 0.36 U/mg/min compared to control, at 0,12 U/mg/min. The thickness of lignin tracheid in the treatment of 90 ppm was at about 14,59 ìm; 100 ppm 18,16 ìm; and 110 ppm 19,39 ìm compared to controls 10,28 ìm. In conclusion over all showed that FA induced plantlet vanilla inin vitro medium resulted in change of phenotype compare to control, which also affect its anatomy structure, especially on lignification and thyllose formation at surrounding tracheids, which could be use as marker for defend mechanism of plant to Fov.

Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.Vanillae, peroxydases enzyme, anatomical characters.
PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY IgY ANTI-c-Myc IN CHICKEN EGGS
Authors: Hutahaean Salomo
Published: September 2015

Bioinformatics analysis has been performed on c-Myc peptide sequences to predict its epitopes in order to design antigen for IgY anti-c-Myc production in chickens. Peptide sequences for human c-Myc protein obtained from the NCBI database were analyzed with ProPred-1 softwares. Manual screening has been conducted on the prediction results.One candidate of c-Myc epitope, EQKLISEEDL, have been selected and prepared as an antigen, by adding one molecule of Cystein to the peptide, and conjugated it with Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Twelve hens, aged 22-24 weeks, were immunized a week after their first eggs were produced. Antigen diluted in aquabidest and emulsified with Freund’s Complete Adjuvant. The suspension was injected into the area of the chicken breast, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, with a dose of 0.1 mg for the first immunization. Booster injection performed on days 10, 20, and 30 with the same volume of emulsion, but using Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant and the amount of antigen half of the first immunization. Extraction of IgY from egg has been carried out using kits from Gallus Immunotech. IgY levels quantified using a spectrophotometer, absorbance measured at 280 nm. The results showed that chicken antibody production gave rise to a sigmoid curve pattern, just like in mammals. The IgY content of the egg was stable at high levels (> 5 mg / ml yolk) after the third immunization. In the intramuscular group, the immune response seems to work earlier than in the subcutaneous group, but eventually the subcutaneous group reaches the same level, and even higher. In general, from an egg produced after the second booster it can be extracted at least 50 mg of IgY. Higher yields could be obtained when IgY was extracted from egg 2 to 3 days after the third booster.

Keywords: epitope prediction, c-Myc, IgY antibody, ProPred-1
GROWTH AND AERENCHYMA FORMATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) CV. IR64 AND INPARA 5 AT DIFFERENT INUNDATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Rachmawati Diah , _ Maryani , Nugrahaning Pratiwi Winda Adipuri Ramadaningrum dan Ika
Published: September 2015

Global climate change leads to changes in rainfall patterns, making it difficult to predict the occurrence of drought or flooding. Flooding had a negative impact on the rice growth. The objectives of this research were to study growth and aerenchyma formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. IR64 and Inpara 5 at different inundation conditions. This research was conducted in the greenhouse, Faculty of Biology, UGM from March to December 2012. Experiment design used was completely randomized design with factorial pattern of depth and period of inundation. Depth of inundation consists of 4 levels: T0 = 0 cm, T1 = 4 cm, T2 = 8 cm, and T3 = 12 cm from the soil surface, while the period of inundation consists of 3 levels, i.e. P1 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative phase, P2 = 10 days inundation on the reproductive phase, and P3 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative and reproductive phase. The parameters observed were plant height, flowering time, soluble sugar and starch content in leaf, root anatomical structure. Data analysis was carried out by ANOVA and the differences between treatments were compared using DMRT at significancy level of 95%. The results showed that IR64 and Inpara 5 respond differently to inundation. Depth of inundation had no effect on plant height of both IR64 and Inpara 5, while the inundation period showed a significant effect on plant height of Inpara 5. Inundation at vegetative phase increased plant height of Inpara 5. Both IR64 and Inpara 5, depth of inundation increased number of tillers and root aerenchyma formation, whereas period of inundation had no effect. Inundation treatment caused earlier flowering and stabilized soil pH. Starch content in leaf of Inpara 5 increased with inundation, while in IR64 decreased.

Keywords : growth, aerenchyma, inundation, Inpara 5, starch
LIVE IMAGING OF ERK ACTIVITY STEPWISE PATTERNING DURING SOMITOGENESIS
Authors: Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika , Akiyama Ryutaro , Matsui Takaaki , Bessho Yasumasa
Published: September 2015

Periodical segmentation of the anterior extremity of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) generates metameric structure of somites during vertebrate development. During somite segmentation in zebrafish, msep determines a future somite boundary at position B-2 within the PSM. However, heat shock experiments suggest that an earlier future of somite boundary exists at B-5, but the molecular signature of this boundary remains unidentified. Our recent study demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gradient is converted into an ON-OFF boundary of downstream Erk activity, which corresponds to the future B-5 somite boundary. Moreover, we also revealed that the segmentation clock is required for a stepwise posterior shift of the Erk activity boundary during each segmentation. To clarify this evidence, here we perform time-lapse imaging of Erk activity in living embryos using a FRET biosensor. We focused on FRET signals within the PSM to observe spatial and temporal changes of Erk activity. Consistent with the data from fixed embryos, we observed ON-OFF boundary of Erk activity within the PSM and the position stepwisely shifted to posterior during somite formation. In order to test the contribution of the segmentation clock to the stepwise movements of the ON-OFF boundary of Erk activity, we disrupted the segmentation clock in zebrafish embryos by knocking down two segmentation clock genes, her1 and her7. Double knockdown of her1 and her7 resulted in the failure of the shift of the Erk ON-OFF boundary during somite segmentation, leading to segmentation defects of somites. These results strongly suggest that the clock-dependent stepwise movement of Erk activity is a key mechanism to generate the perfect repetitive structure of somites.

Keywords: Live imaging, Erk, stepwise, somitogenesis
THE POTENCY OF COPPER-RESISTANT BACTERIA Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 ISOLATED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN RUNGKUT-SURABAYA AS A BIOREMEDIATION AGENT FOR HEAVY METALS
Authors: Irawati Wahyu , Yuwono Triwibowo , Soedarsono Joedoro , Hartiko Hari
Published: September 2015

Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 is a copper-resistant bacteria isolated from activated sludge in an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant in Rungkut-Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to study the potency of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 as a bioremediation agent for copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium. Resistance of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to heavy metals were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Accumulation of copper, cadmium, and lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 showed multiple resistance to heavy metals. The MICs of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium were 16 mM, 15 mM, 6 mM, and 5 mM, respectively. The growth of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 was inhibited by the addition of CuSO4 in the medium. The bacteria survived in the presence of high copper concentration as shown by the extension of the lag phase up to 36 hours. The analysis demonstrated that the copper resistance of the bacteria was facilitated through the accumulation of copper. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 accumulated up to 367.78 and 260.01 mg/gram dry weight of cells of copper and lead, respectively. The bacteria demonstrated growth in the medium containing the mixture of 0.5 mM copper, lead, cadmium and accumulated those heavy metals up to 0.14, 24.74, and 12.49 mg/g dry weight of cells, respectively. The high resistance and capability of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to accumulate heavy metals can be exploited in bioremediation process for removing heavy metals from industrial sewage.

Keywords: Accumulation, copper, Cupriavidus sp. IrC4,heavy metals, resistance.
INDUCTION OF SPOROPHYTIC DIVISION IN ORCHIDS MICROSPORES BY STRESS
Authors: Indrianto Ari , Siregar Chairani , Linuhung Sutikno , _ Mekartinita , Sartikoningsih Tri
Published: September 2015

Orchid is one of the important ornamental plants in Indonesia this plant generally propagated by seed. Enhancing quality of this plant through breeding technology by various plant tissue culture methods and biotechnology, including doubled haploid technology are necessary. The most efficient method in creating doubled haploids plant is via microspore embryogenesis. We have develop new, innovative doubled haploid technology using the technique of isolated microspore culture. The goals are to obtain data on the male gametophyte development, viable embryogenic microspores, microspores derived embryos and double haploid plants of Orchid.
Development of male gametophytes were analysed by isolation of microspores and pollen at various stages and staining with DAPI. Isolated orchid buds of Dendrobium hybrid 1, Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata were subjected to cold temperatures (4oC) for 7 days, microspores were then isolated by crushing the pollinia using glass rod and cultured them in embryogenesis A2, NP, MS and VW medium, viability of the microspores were determine by using Flourescein diacetate (FDA). Isolated Orchid pollinia were cultured in starvation medium B at various temperatures and duration of time to evaluate embryogenic response, isolated microspores then were cultured further in the basic embryogenesis medium and incubated at 25 oC in the darkness.
The result showed that floral characteristics for the late-uninucleate stage of the microspores were different for every orchid spesies. Ovulum lenght was used for Vanda, while in Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, Arachnis, Spathoglottis plicata and Cattleya, varied length of flower bud was used. Isolated microspores of Dendrobium hybrid 1, Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata at 7th days of culture in different media formulation showing different respond of viability. Medium A2 keeping viability of Dendrobium hybrid 1 microspores better than any other medium, while in Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata embryogenesis NP medium was superior. Incubation of orchid pollinia at 4 and 25 oC were successfully maintain viability of the microspores during starvation periods but not able to block gametophytic development. In contrast starved pollinia at 33oC were succesfully block gametophytic development, percentage of embryogenic microspores after starvation of isolated pollinia at 33°C for 4 days was superior compare to any other treatments. Symmetrical divisions and some multicellular structures were observed, which were clear indication for the sporophytic development of microspore-derived embryos, they had developed and after a few weeks they degenerated and died.

Keywords: flower bud-pollinia-microspore-stress-embriogenic-embryo-Orchid
THE POTENTIAL OF SUBCULTURE Helicoverpa armigera NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (HaNPV) TO BE UTILIZED AS AN ALTERNATE SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL INSECTS PESTS IN CABBAGES PLANTATION (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L)
Authors: Miranti Mia , Hermawan Wawan , . Melanie , Hadi Rahman Perdana , Sugiarto Dicky Budi , Nasution Desy Efriyani Anggraeny
Published: September 2015

Subculture Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV) is an entomopathogenic viruses isolated from cadaver of Helicoverpa armigera larvae, and was succesfully produced in Spodoptera litura larvae as an alternate host. These viral agent have been applied to control the population of three species insects pests Spodoptera litura, Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xyllostella which were infested in Cabbages Plantation. The concentration of virus of 4 x 107 Polyhedral/ml was sprayed in cabbage leaves 24 hours before infested of larval and every four days after. The research used randomized design which consisted of factor (three species of second instar larvae, S. litura, C. pavonana, P. xyllostella) and eight replications. The result showed that the three species of larval were sensitive against subculture HaNPV infection. The mortality of each larval species (S. litura, C. pavonana and P. xyllostella) were 100%, 97.5% and 98.7%. Subculture HaNPV can be utilized to control the population of three spesies of insects pests in Cabbage Plantation.

Keywords : Subculture HaNPV, Polyhedral
MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION OF MACROBENTHOS BASED ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND NICHESAT LAMPON CEASED TRADITIONAL GOLD MINING, BANYUWANGI DISTRICT, EAST JAVA
Authors: . Susintowati , Hadisusanto Suwarno
Published: September 2015

The bioaccumulation of mercury in the areas of Lampon traditional gold mining still be traced, although the mining activity was stopped. This research traces mercury bioaccumulation in macrobenthos at Lampon areas. The bioindicators were used the representatives macrobenthos based on the trophic levels, feeding behavior and niches. Mercury were analized by SNI 06-6992.2-2004 with modified at LPPT UGM Yogyakarta.The results shows different accumulation of mercury in specimens based on feeding behavior and niches. Non-sessile benthos accumulate higher than the sessile. Benthic filter feeders in free colony will accumulate mercury higher than benthic filter feeders in massive sessile colony. Filter feeders in massive sessile colony was detected lower than solitary herbivores. If the benthic herbivores attached hardly at the rocks, they could detected in high consentration because their niche and behavior to go in the water rarely . Niches affect ability of macrobenthos to accumulate mercury, although in the same tropic levels and feeding behavior.

Keywords: mercury bioaccumulation, macrobenthos, trophic level, feeding behavior, niches
THE POTENCY OF LOCAL ISOLATES FROM NORTH SUMATERA IN THE DEGRADATION OF NAPHTALENE
Authors: Priyani Nunuk , Munir Erman , Panjaitan Irmalisyah W. , Warsito Kabul
Published: September 2015

The potency of biosurfactant–producing bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated coast, Belawan North Sumatera, in the degradation of hydrocarbon compound such as naphthalene has been studied. Thirteen isolates has been obtained using Bushnell Haas Agar containing 2% naphthalene as the sole carbon source. The bacterial growth was observed using Standard Plate Count method. The ability of each isolates to produce bioactive-surface compound was determined. A drop-collapsing test was performed to examine the activity of each biosurfactant. All isolates tested grew well in Bushnell Haas Broth medium. Among those, two isolates were able to remove almost all (99%) naphthalene from the medium during 15 days. Those two isolates have also shown highest concentration of biosurfactant production which is 75.180 ppm.

Keywords: local isolates, biosurfactant, naphthalene degradation.
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL WEEDINESS AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSGENIC RICE WITH GLU-1DX5 GENE
Authors: Carsono Nono , Quddus BM A. , Damayanti Diani , IP Gigih , HK Murdaningsih , Herman M.
Published: September 2015

A Glu-1Dx5 allele, encoding for a high molecular weight glutenin sub unit Dx5, has been experimentally proven to be a major determinant for dough elasticity and functionality of bread wheat. Considering its important role, this gene has been successfully transferred to rice cv Fatmawati using particle bombardment. Some promising lines derived from consecutive generations have been obtained, however early biosafety assessment for transgenic plant is required in order to scientifically evaluate the equality of transgenic rice lines to their counterpart.Two promising lines (T3-19 and T3-20) which are supposed to be homozygous were subjected to weediness and biochemical evaluation. The evaluation of invasiveness as a measure of weediness was carried out in biosafety containment of BB Biogen, Bogor by growing a mixture of transgenic and non­transgenic. Biochemical testing was evaluated for nitrogen, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, ash, minerals (Ca and Mg), and 17 amino acids. Weediness testing revealed that competitiveness of transgenic rice plants grown in screen house as well as biosafety containment was equal with those of non transgenic plants, suggesting that transgenic rice plants have not high potency to be invasive. Transgenic rice seed had equal nutritive value with those of counterpart. These results indicate that transgenic rice plants (seeds) are substantially equivalent to non transgenic original lines except for the presence of Glu-1Dx5 gene.

Keywords: Glutenin, Invasiveness, Nutrient composition, Transgenic rice.
BASIC EXPERIMENTS OF CS UPTAKE CAPABILITY FOR Eleocharis acicularis
Authors: Takehara Akinari , Sakakibara Masayuki , Sato Yasushi , Sano Sakae
Published: September 2015

Soil in the Fukushima area has been polluted with the radioactive contaminants such as Cs by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. Remediation of soil contaminated with radioactive Cs remains one of the most important problems. Phytoremediation is an environmental remediation technique that takes advantage of plant physiology and metabolism to remove radioactive contaminants. Eleocharis acicularis is well known as heavy metal hyperaccumulator aquatic plant and expected as the strong candidate for application to Phytoremediation of polluted water and soil. In this study, a laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the potential of E.acicularis for Phytoremediation of radioactive Cs contaminated site.The plants were grown hydroponically and placed in solutions containing Cs and K at different concentration (Cs concentration: 5 mg/L, K concentration: 0, 0.2, 2, 5, 50, 100 mg/L) in a period of 21days.In the experimental results, the highest concentration of Cs was 1560 mg/kg-DW in E. acicularis after 21 days. The concentration of Cs in plants decreased with the increasing initial concentration of K in the solution. This results indicate that E. acicularis has the ability to accumulate radioactive Cs from radioactive Cs contaminated soil and water, making it a good candidate species for radioactive Cs Phytoremediation.

 

Keywords : Fukushima, Eleocharis acicularis, phytoremediation, Cs
OBSERVATION REPORT OF THE ENDEMIC CHESTNUT-BELLIED HILL-PARTRIDGE (Arborophila javanica lawuana) IN TAHURA RADEN SOERJO, EAST JAVA
Authors: Cahyono Heru , Pramudhita Haris Eka
Published: September 2015

Chestnut-bellied Hill-Partridge (Arborophila javanica) is an endemic species of Java, and also one of four endemic partridge species in the Greater Sunda islands. This species is constituted by three subspecies which differ in the color pattern of their head. The first reported sighting of Chestnut-bellied Hill-Partridge (Arborophila javanica lawuana) in Cangar is by Nijman in 2003, and for these past ten years the observation data has been inadequately obtained by local birdwatchers although its call is remarkable ; the call might be frequently heard by birdwatchers but got missed. Several information about this bird has been collected, including its sound recording that we used during observations. Observations were conducted around Cangar tourism object, particularly along the main road linking Pacet (Mojokerto) and Batu (Malang). The observations resulted in the data on its behavior and the best observation spot, that is in Lemahbang.

Keywords: Chestnut-bellied Hill-Partridge, endemic bird, observation spot, Tahura Raden Soerjo.
EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM ON CHLOROPHYLL-a, CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN CONTENTS IN Tetraselmis sp. (Butcher 1959)
Authors: Nainggolan Ernisa Maranatha , Aryandari Rindra , Fadholi Haikal Prima , Nugroho Andhika Puspito , Suyono Eko Agus
Published: September 2015

Electroplating and paper industry activities contribute to pollution of chromium (Cr) in aquatic ecosystems. The presence of Cr can affect the activity of microalgae which play an important role as primary producers in the food chain of ocean ecosystem.Cr was tested on a species ofgreen microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. This microalgae are very abundant in the sea and can accumulate heavy metals, including Cr. Changes in nutrient content in cells of Tetraselmis sp. can affect the productivity of the next trophic level organisms. This research aims to determine effect of Cr to Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein content in Tetraselmis sp. The methods of this study include several steps, cultivation with initial density of 40x104 cells ml-1 to log phase, then exposed by K2Cr2O7 during 96 hours with concentrations 0; 3.2; 5.6, and 10 ppm. Cell density was calculated everyday using haemocytometer, observed with microscope and optilab. Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein were measured by a spectrophotometer on days 0, 4, 6 and 8. Data analysis with ANOVA, the real difference is determined by Dunnet and Duncan Test.The results showed that increasing Cr concentration causes higher growth inhibition rate of Tetraselmis sp. IC50-96 hours was 2.63 ppm and NOEC value was <3.2 ppm. The content of Chlorophyll-a, showed decrease after Cr exposure for 96 hours. Carbohydrate content was increased after 72 hours, and then decreased after 96 hours exposure. Protein content increased significantly up to 96 hours.

Keywords: Tetraselmis sp., Chromium, Toxicity test, Chlorophyll-a.