bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Seismic Response of Hybrid Buckling Restrained Braced Frames
Authors: Hoveidae Nader
Published: December 2018

The Conventional buckling restrained braces used in concentrically braced frames are expected to yield in both tension and compression without major degradation of capacity under severe seismic ground motions. One of the weakness points of a standard buckling restrained braced frame is the low post-yield stiffness and thus large residual deformation under moderate to severe ground motions. This phenomenon can be related to the low post-yield stiffness of the core segment in comparison to its elastic stiffness. This paper investigates the application of stainless steel as the core material in a hybrid buckling restrained brace. The “hybrid” term arises from the use of more than one core component with different steel materials, including high strength high-performance steel and stainless steel (304L) with high strain hardening in the core of buckling restrained brace. Nonlinear dynamic time history analyses were conducted on a variety of diagonally braced frames with different heights, in order to compare the seismic performance of standard (non-hybrid) and hybrid buckling restrained braced frames. The results showed that the proposed hybrid buckling restrained braces reduce the inter-story and specially the residual drift demands in buckling restrained braced frames.
Structure cristalline de la haidingérite
Authors: Cassien Michel , Herpin Paulette , Permingeat François
Published: December 2018

La haidingérite CaHAsO₄, H₂O est orthorhombique (a = 6,935 ± 0,003 Å, b = 16,150 ± 0,002 Å, c = 7,940 ± 0,003 Å, Z = 8). Le groupe spatial P c n b a été confirmé par l'analyse structurale, laquelle a été conduite de façon classique sur des cristaux artificiels. L'identité des composés de synthèse et des minéraux naturels est établie par l'examen préalable des propriétés cristallographiques, optiques et chimiques.

La structure en feuillets perpendiculaires à [010] explique le clivage facile (010). Chaque feuillet est constitué de chaînes de tétraèdres AsO₄ liés entre eux dans la direction [001] par des liaisons hydrogènes O — H — O de 2,54 Å. Les atomes de calcium hexacoordonnés relient les chaînes entre elles à l'intérieur du feuillet. Les molécules d'eau assurent la liaison entre les feuillets, la distance H₂O — O₁ est de 2,6 Å. On peut comparer cette structure à celles déjà connues de quelques phosphates hydratés.
Étude des trois systèmes Hgl2-Tll ; HgBr2-TlBr ; HgCl2-TlCl
Authors: Huart J.
Published: December 2018

L'analyse thermique différentielle, avec contrôle par diffraction des rayons X, des trois systèmes HgI₂˗TlI ; HgBr₂˗TlBr ; HgCl₂˗TlCl montre l'existence des composés suivants : HgI₂, 4TlI ; HgBr₂, 4TlBr ; HgBr₂, TlBr ; HgCl₂, TlCl ; 3HgCl₂, 10TlCl dont les données cristallographiques ont été publiées, puis 5HgBr₂, TlBr et 5HgCl₂, TlCl corps isomorphes dont les diffractogrammes n'ont pu être indexés.

Sont péritectiques les composés :

HgI₂, 4TlI se décomposant à 340° ± 3° C ;

HgBr₂, 4TlBr se décomposant à 302° ± 3° C ;

5HgBr₂, TlBr se décomposant à 201° ± 3° C ;

5HgCl₂, TlCl se décomposant à 210° ± 3° C ;

3HgCl₂, 10TlCl se décomposant à 258° ± 3° C.

Sont stables :

HgBr₂, TlBr fondant à 188° ± 3° C,

HgCl₂, TlCl fondant à 224° ± 3° C.
Observations sur l'hectorite (étude en microscopie et diffraction électroniques)
Authors: Oberlin Mathieu-Sicaud Agnès , Méring Jacques
Published: December 2018

Des suspensions fines d'hectorite Na ont été étudiées en microscopie et diffraction électroniques (microdiffraction, diffraction à haute résolution avec une préparation perpendiculaire ou oblique au faisceau d'électrons). Les particules libres sont des lattes allongées suivant l'axe a, composées de particules primaires également allongées associées parallèlement entre elles avec une faible fluctuation d'orientation autour de leur axe a commun (α ≃ 8°).

La structure atomique est très proche de celle du modèle idéal d'un feuillet de phyllite trioctaédrique. Les feuillets composant une particule épaisse, sont empilés avec une structure turbostratique de rotation, mais conservent une orientation mutuelle assez bonne (la désorientation par rotation autour de l'axe perpendiculaire au feuillet ne dépasse pas 10°). Les particules libres tendent à s'associer par les bords ou plus rarement par leurs extrémités, pour former des agrégats plus grands.
Étude des traces d'ions lourds dans les minéraux naturels d'origine terrestre et extra-terrestre
Authors: Maurette Michel
Published: December 2018

Dans les substances solides isolantes, les trajectoires d'ions lourds peuvent être transformées, après une attaque chimique appropriée, en traces visibles au microscope optique. On étudie tout d'abord les caractéristiques de l'enregistrement de telles traces, puis on montre que les mécanismes d'endommagement les plus souvent cités jusqu'ici — le processus de Brinkman et celui des « pointes thermiques » — ne peuvent rendre compte de leur formation. Ensuite on constate expérimentalement que la température est le facteur le plus important pour la disparition des traces et que tous les paramètres d'attaque sont susceptibles de modifier la vitesse et même la nature des processus physico-chimiques conduisant à leur révélation.

Finalement on utilise les traces d'ions lourds présentes dans les minéraux naturels — avant ou après avoir soumis les échantillons à des irradiations, des recuits thermiques — pour essayer de résoudre quelques problèmes de géophysique et d'astrophysique (mesure de l'âge géologique des roches, détermination de la répartition et de la concentration de l'uranium dans les minéraux, évaluation de la durée de « vol » des tectites dans l'espace, estimation de la masse préatmosphérique des météorites, mesure de l'abondance des ions plus lourds que ceux du groupe du fer dans le flux primaire du rayonnement cosmique) .
La crednérite, sa composition chimique et sa signification génétique
Authors: Gaudefroy Christophe , Dietrich Joseph , Permingeat François , Picot Paul
Published: December 2018

La description de l'espèce minérale est entièrement revue et complétée, grâce à des échantillons exceptionnellement purs provenant d'Idikel (Maroc). La densité (5,38), la dureté (200 Vickers) et les propriétés optiques (R'g = 0,345 R'p = 0,240 à 5300 Å) sont précisées. La première analyse chimique du minéral pur et 6 analyses à la microsonde sont données et discutées ; elles correspondent étroitement à la formule CuMnO₂. L'altération du minéral est décrite ; elle est liée à son instabilité mise en évidence par des analyses thermiques. Un nouveau gisement, Tachgagalt (Maroc), est signalé. L'hypothèse que la crednérite s'est formée dans un milieu relativement réducteur est émise et ses conséquences sur l'interprétation de la genèse des divers gisements sont examinées.
Néosynthèse d'un interstratifié chlorite˗montmorillonite à partir des produits d'altération de la montmorillonite
Authors: Van Moort J. C. , Kimpe C. R. de , Herbillon Adrien-Jules , Fripiat José Jean
Published: December 2018

Ce travail est consacré à l'étude de l'altération de la montmorillonite de Camp˗Berteau et de la bentonite de Wyoming en présence de résines échangeuses fortement et faiblement acides. Les produits de néosynthèse ont été étudiés par diffraction des rayons X, par spectroscopie infrarouge et par microscopie et microdiffraction électroniques. On peut conclure à la formation d'un minéral interstratifié du type chlorite˗montmorillonite.

L'examen par microscopie électronique suggère la présence de cristaux de chlorite à côté d'amas sans forme définie. Les mesures du paramètre b, réalisées sur les diagrammes de microdiffraction, confirment les autres déterminations.
Étude micrographique des minéralisations de Salsigne, Aude
Authors: Vincienne Henri , Mozaffari Chapour
Published: December 2018

La paragenèse complexe des minéraux des filons de Salsigne est décrite en détail et leur succession est précisée. Des minéraux non signalés jusqu'ici sont indiqués. Un minéral énigmatique, ressemblant à un cuivre gris ou à une stannine sans en avoir la composition habituelle, est mis en évidence.
Étude par effet Mössbauer et par diffraction neutronique du ferrite monocalcique Fe2O3.CaO
Authors: Lewy-Bertaut Erwin Félix , Chappert Jacques , Apostolov A. , Semenov V.
Published: December 2018

Fe₂O₃.CaO orthorhombique (a = 10,67 ; b = 9,16 ; c = 3,012 Å ; groupe d'espace Pbnm — (D¹⁶₂h) possède deux sites de fer cristallographiquement non équivalents FeI et FeII. Dans la région paramagnétique l'effet Mössbauer montre deux doublets d'origine quadrupolaire associés univoquement avec FeI et FeII. La variation du champ magnétique au noyau de ⁵⁷Fe en fonction de la température se situe au-dessus de la courbe de Brillouin B (5/2) La température de Curie˗Néel TN est 200° K. La diffraction des neutrons à 4,2° K montre que les spins de FeI sont antiparallèles aux spins de FeII, leur direction étant l'axe c. On a : S(Fe) = 2,22 ± 0,1.
Dispositif permettant la croissance de monocristaux sur tête goniométrique à partir de corps organiques liquides
Authors: Renaud Maurice , Fourme Roger
Published: December 2018

Le liquide contenu dans un tube capillaire scellé est refroidi par un jet d'azote. Une spire chauffante placée dans le gaz froid produit le gradient de température convenable. La progression lente à vitesse constante du tube capillaire à travers cette spire conduit à l'obtention du monocristal.
Sur les paramètres cristallographiques de la piémontite
Authors: Asklund A.-M. , Gaudefroy Christophe , Laurent Yvette , Permingeat François
Published: December 2018

Après correction d'une erreur d'impression fréquemment répétée dans la littérature, il apparaît que les paramètres cristallographiques des piémontites sont voisins de ceux des épidotes et se situent tous aux environs de : a = 8,85˗8,90, b = 5,65˗5,68, c = 10,15˗10,22 Å, β = 115˗116°. Bien que les compositions chimiques varient largement en ce qui concerne les teneurs relatives en Al, Fe et Mn, seules des mesures précises peuvent faire apparaître des variations significatives dans les paramètres, en particulier b. On ne dispose pas de données suffisantes pour établir une relation claire entre ces variables. L'existence d'une piémontite très pauvre en Al, signalée à Långban, n'a pu être vérifiée ; il sera très intéressant de rechercher des piémontites présentant ce caractère chimique.
Similitudes microscopiques entre certaines thucholites et les matières carbonées humiques
Authors: Jedwab Jacques
Published: December 2018

Des thucholites provenant de plusieurs localités typiques montrent en microscopie de réflexion des structures très semblables à celles de constituants humiques de charbons et lignites. Sur la base de ces observations, l'auteur critique la théorie génétique classique des thucholites, suivant laquelle elles résulteraient de la polymérisation radiative d'hydrocarbures fluides.
Présence d'arséniures de cuivre dans le dôme de Barrot (Alpes-Maritimes)
Authors: Picot Paul , Sainfeld Paul , Vernet Jean
Published: December 2018

Ces arséniures de cuivre peuvent être assimilés à de la domeykite, de la domeykite bêta et de l'algodonite. Leur détermination a été confirmée par des analyses à la microsonde de Castaing et des clichés de poudre. Ils sont associés à de la cuprite, du cuivre natif et de l'argent natif. Le mode d'association de ces arséniures permet d'invoquer pour eux une origine supergène, hypothèse qui aurait déjà été envisagée pour ce type de minéraux par P. Ramdohr.
Situations monoparentales à la Martinique et idéal sacrificiel du potomitan
Authors: Lefaucheur Nadine
Published: December 2018

À la Martinique, où les familles dites «monoparentales » représentent plus de la moitié des ménages familiaux avec enfant, c’est la mise au monde d’un enfant hors cohabitation conjugale qui constitue le principal fait générateur des situations d’isolement parental. Cette incidence particulièrement élevée de la monoparentalité et sa précocité dans la vie des mères comme dans celle des enfants invitent à s’interroger sur les spécificités des formes familiales antillaises, sur les modes de constitution des familles, et plus particulièrement des familles monoparentales, ainsi que sur les normes en matière de conjugalité et de parentalité dans l’espace caribéen. Lorsque, fréquemment, la mise au monde ne conduit pas à la mise en couple, l’idéal sacrificiel des potomitan

antillaises les conduit, pour nourrir leurs enfants, à mobiliser avant tout leur propre vaillance avec, parfois, l’hospitalité matrifocale de leur mère et les dons aléatoires de pères visiteurs ou absents, naviguant entre le recours à des hommes qui aident (souvent contre un nouvel enfant) et le recours à un État-providence dont elles ont d’abord été exclues et qui, très présent aujourd’hui, ne les fait guère sortir de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion sociale. Cet idéal sacrificiel fait toutefois aujourd’hui l’objet de contestations.
De jeunes parents dans la tourmente. Stratégies de recours et gestion des normes de parentalité à l’arrivée du premier enfant
Authors: Manier Marion
Published: December 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les enjeux de la parentalité contemporaine du point de vue des parents et sous l’angle de leur réception des normes de parentalité à un moment où ils s’y confrontent pour la première fois, à l’arrivée de leur premier enfant. À partir des résultats d’une enquête sociologique qualitative menée en 2016, l’auteure propose d’explorer les pratiques et les stratégies mises en place par les parents face aux avis, conseils, prescriptions ou injonctions normatives qui leur sont adressés, à travers l’analyse de leurs rapports aux différents interlocuteurs avec lesquels ils sont en contact ou auxquels ils ont recours (professionnels de la santé, de la petite enfance, famille et entourage) : quelles normes de parentalité leur sont prescrites par ces différents interlocuteurs, comment se déclinent-elles et à qui sont-elles adressées selon les milieux sociaux et le genre des parents ? Quelles relations les jeunes parents tissent-ils avec ces différents interlocuteurs et comment reçoivent-ils ces prescriptions ? Enfin, quelles stratégies de recours mais aussi de mise à distance, de sélection, d’évitement ou de résistance à ces prescripteurs mettent-ils en place ?
Modèles probabilistes formels pour problèmes cognitifs usuels
Authors: Bessière Pierre , Diard Julien , Colas Francis
Published: December 2018

Formal probabilistic models for common cognitive problems. How can an incomplete and uncertain model of the environment be used to perceive, infer, decide and act efficiently ? This is the challenge that both living and artificial cognitive systems have to face. Symbolic logic is, by its nature, unable to deal with this question. The subjectivist approach to probability is an extension to logic that is designed specifically to face this challenge. In this paper, we review a number of frequently encountered cognitive issues and cast them into a common Bayesian formalism. The concepts we review are ambiguities, fusion, multimodality, conflicts, modularity, hierarchies and loops. First, each of these concepts is introduced briefly using some examples from the neuroscience, psychophysics or robotics literature. Then, the concept is formalized using a template Bayesian model. The assumptions and common features of these models, as well as their major differences, are outlined and discussed.
Dissection of Leaf Angle Variation in Maize through Genetic Mapping and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dzievit Matthew J. , Li Xianran , Yu Jianming
Published: December 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids have transitioned to upright leaf angles (LAs) over the last 50 yr as maize yields and planting densities increased concurrently. Genetic mapping and a meta‐analysis were conducted in the present study to dissect genetic factors controlling LA variation. We developed mapping populations using inbred lines B73 (Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic), PHW30 (Iodent, expired plant variety protection inbred), and Mo17 (Non‐Stiff Stalk) that have distinct LA architectures and represent three important heterotic groups in the United States. These populations were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS), and phenotyped for LA in the F2 and F2:3 generation. Inclusive composite interval mapping across the two generations of the mapping populations revealed 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL), and a consistent QTL on chromosome 1 explained 10 to 17% of the phenotypic variance. To gain a comprehensive understanding of natural variations underlying LA variation, these detected QTL were compared with results from 19 previous studies. In total, 495 QTL were compiled and mapped into 143 genomic bins. A meta‐analysis revealed that 58 genomic bins were associated with LA variation. Thirty‐three candidate genes were identified in these genomic bins. Together, these results provide evidence of QTL controlling LA variation from inbred lines representing three important heterotic groups in the United States and a useful resource for future research into the molecular variants underlying specific regions of the genome associated with LA variation.
Thismia sumatrana (Thismiaceae), a new species from West Sumatra, Indonesia, with discussions on the taxonomic identity of Thismia clavigera
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Nurainas Nurainas , Okada Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

A new species of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia Griff. (Thismiaceae), Thismiasumatrana Suetsugu & Tsukaya, from West Sumatra, Indonesia, is described, based on a rehydrated herbarium specimen from National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan. Thismiasumatrana is closely related to T.clavigera (Becc.) F.Muell. but is distinguished by a much larger flower.
Correction of morphofunctional disorders with asialoerythropoietin and selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975 in cases of ischemic kidney damage in the experiment
Authors: Elagin Vladislav , Bratchikov Oleg , Zatolokina Maria
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is based on ischemic-reperfusion damage, is a widespread life-threatening condition and remains a serious public health problem with a high mortality rate among patients. Despite significant advances in various areas of medicine, the prevention and correction of ischemic-reperfusion kidney damage are still far from being at the desired level. Pharmacological preconditioning and the use of endothelioprotectors are promising areas in this field, therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the nephroprotective properties of asialoerythropoietin and selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975 in ischemic kidney damage in the experiment.

Materials and methods: The study was performed on 260 white adult male Wistar rats, each weighing 180-220 g. Ischemic-reperfusion damage was simulated by applying a clamp on the renal leg for 40 minutes. To determine a degree of correction caused by morphofunctional disorders traditional functional, biochemical and morphological criteria were used.

Results and discussion: When administering asialoerythropoietin and selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975, there is observed an improvement in the glomerular filtration and microcirculation in the kidneys, decrease in the concentration of creatinine and urea, a decrease in fractional excretion of sodium and improvement in the histological pattern at different periods. The most pronounced nephroprotective effects are observed in the combined use of the test pharmacological agents, which are superior to such used in a monotherapy. The use of glibenclamide and L-NAME against the background of the correction of the pathology caused by asialoerythropoietin completely eliminates its positive effects. When glibenclamide and L-NAME are used against the background of correction of the pathology caused by the selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975, its positive effects are completely eliminated by L-NAME. Glibenclamide does not eliminate positive effects.

Conclusions: The results of the experiment prove the presence of pronounced nephroprotective properties of asialoerythropoietin and selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975 in ischemic kidney damage in the experiment. The most pronounced effects are observed in the combined use of these pharmacological agents. The leading role in causing the positive effects from asialoerythropoietin is played by the activation of K+ATP channels and the activation of eNOS. The leading role in causing the positive effects from the selective inhibitor of arginase II KUD975 is played by the activation of eNOS.
Effects of Dimephosphone on skin survival in conditions of reduced blood circulation
Authors: Galenko-Yaroshevsky Pavel A. , Nefedov Denis A. , Zelenskaya Anait V. , Pavlyuchenko Ivan I. , Chuyan Elena N. , Ravaeva Marina Yu. , Tkharkahova Nafishet K.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The search for and creation of drugs with dermatoprotective and metabotropic activity is one of the priorities of modern diabetology. Synthetic organophosphorus compounds with no anticholinesterase activity, to which Dimephosphone belongs to, deserve great attention in this respect.

Materials and Methods: Experiments included 355 white non-linear male mice (18-34 g) and 799 male rats (150–305 g). The dermatoprotective activity (DPA) of Dimephosphone regarding the survival of a skin graft was studied against the background of normoglycemia, as well as against the background of experimental diabetes complicated by hypercholesterolemia. The study of microhemodynamics in the skin was performed using laser Doppler flowmetry. The effects on metabolic processes and the antioxidant system were studied by determining the levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, catalase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase.

Results: Dimephosphone has a pronounced DPA in conditions of reduced blood circulation against the background of normoglycemia and experimental (alloxan) diabetes complicated by exogenous hypercholesterolemia. By DPA, in most cases against the background of normoglycemia Dimephosphone exceeds Actovegine, is comparable to or inferior to Trental and Mexidol, and is more significant in terms of the therapeutic width than all the drugs taken for comparison.

Discussion: According to the obtained data , DPA of Dimephosphone may be due to its ability to exhibit significant vasodilating, antihypoxic, antioxidant, antiaggregant, membrane-stabilizing, anti-acidotic, antimicrobial and other properties and also to exert a normalizing effect on carbohydrate, protein, lipid and energy metabolism

Conclusion: Dimephosphone can be recommended for further preclinical and clinical studies in the form of various dosage forms, as well as in a combination therapy for metabolic disorders.
Multi-aspect approach to the optimization of pharmacotherapy of patients with arterial hypertension of high and very high risk
Authors: Gridina Svetlana A
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Personalization of pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases is one of the urgent problems of cardiology.

Material and methods: The study includes 120 patients with grades 2-3 arterial hypertension with the criteria of high and very high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. The patients were randomized into three groups with differentstarting regimens of pharmacotherapy – fixed and free combinations of ACE inhibitors and dihydropyridine CCB. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and individualization of a therapy was carried out by using pharmacokinetic, pharmacoeconomic, sonographic, and laboratory methods.

Results and discussion: Antihypertensive treatment with the inclusion of Amlodipine and Lisinopril or Ramipril in patients with arterial hypertension, having a slow and very slow oxidative metabolism phenotype, is characterized by the development of a more pronounced hypotensive effect in this group of patients (p<0.05-0.001) (Δ% SBP from 12.7 to 24.6 and from 19.6 to 27.9, respectively; Δ% DBP from 10.6 to 19.1 and from 15.9 to 23.6, respectively) in comparison to the group of patients with a fast phenotype (Δ% SBP from 6.42 to 9.34; Δ% DBP from 1.04 to 5.66), which allows administering a personalized pharmacotherapy. For patients with arterial hypertension of high and very high risk, the use of a fixed combination of Amlodipine and Lisinopril as a basic variant of the two-four-component therapy compared with treatment options based on free combinations of the studied drugs provided a significantly more pronounced decrease in systolic blood pressure (24.9%, 17.8 %, 19.0%, respectively, p<0.01), a greater degree of regression of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (8.70%, 5.67%, 5.84%, respectively, p<0.05), significant (p<0.05-0.001) improvement in a number of parameters of the patients’ quality of life, and was characterized by the greatest economic efficiency according to various criteria of hypotensive action.

Conclusion: The results obtained in the study demonstrate the advantages of a fixed combination over free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and demonstrate the possibility of a pharmacokinetic approach to individualization of pharmacotherapy.
1. Comment se fabrique le jugement des enseignants ?
Authors: Bressoux Pascal
Published: December 2018

Le jugement que les enseignants portent sur le niveau scolaire de leurs élèves n’est pas le simple reflet d’une réalité objective qui, en tant que telle, s’imposerait à eux. Il s’agit d’une véritable activité de construction d’une image de la réalité, réalisée à des fins d’action plutôt que de connaissance stricte : décider quoi et comment enseigner, certifier une compétence, orienter le cursus scolaire, etc. Si le jugement des enseignants se révèle globalement proche des résultats produits par des évaluations standardisées, il est aussi influencé par diverses informations, individuelles et contextuelles, qui peuvent contrarier cette « exactitude ».
12. La théorie économique dominante a-t-elle évolué depuis la crise ?
Authors: Légé Philippe
Published: December 2018

La crise de 2007 a produit des effets ambivalents sur le courant dominant en sciences économiques. L’histoire économique est mieux valorisée, plusieurs banques centrales ont désavoué la conception de la monnaie exogène et les modèles macroéconomiques à agent représentatif (DSGE) ont fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques. Mais ces derniers ne sont pas abandonnés pour autant. En outre, le cœur de la théorie néo-classique, la microéconomie, n’a pas vraiment été influencé par la crise, si ce n’est par le renforcement des approches « comportementalistes » remettant en cause l’hypothèse de rationalité.
Discussion de Christian Delourmel
Authors: Dispaux Marie-France
Published: December 2018

Dans sa discussion, l’auteur souligne d’abord le courage de Christian Delourmel de s’être engagé dans cette analyse difficile, avec une patiente qui, dès les entretiens préliminaires, a mis en évidence l’ampleur de sa destructivité. Elle reprend les questions importantes suscitées par l’exposé clinique : Le rejet des interventions de l’analyste et les difficultés de pensée de Blanche ; les moments d’espoir suivis d’un retour au même ; l’absence de la mère dans ce qui nous est transmis du travail et la place de l’excitation et de la violence par rapport à cette absence ; enfin la place du corps chez Blanche. En partant d’un cas clinique, elle apporte un autre éclairage sur l’impact du psychisme dans la régulation somatique.
Désorganisations et destructivité
Authors: Kapsambelis Vassilis
Published: December 2018

En psychopathologie, la notion de désorganisation est associée à Bleuler et à sa conception de la schizophrénie, au début du xx e  siècle. Elle sera critiquée par Freud, qui toutefois utilisera des descriptions assez proches lors de l’introduction de la pulsion de mort et de la destructivité en 1920. La comparaison entre la désorganisation au sens de la schizophrénie et la désorganisation comme concept introduit par Pierre Marty dans ses théorisations psychosomatiques fait apparaître le rôle central de l’hypocondrie en tant que « névrose actuelle ». Des prolongements sont proposés sur les liens entre narcissisme, pulsions du moi, destructivité et pulsion de mort.
Challenges to Business Models in the Digital Transformation Context
Authors: Fernandes da Anunciação Pedro , Esteves Francisco Madeira
Published: December 2018

The digital transformation of the economy and society itself is pushing the economic organizations to processes. Multiple digital technologies like data analytics, enterprise mobility, social networks, cloud computing, robotics, block chain, and internet of things (IOT) are pushing radical changes in the ways of working (WoW). People with strong technological skills are demanding changes to organizations towards two-way business interaction in order to meet the needs and expectations. But consumers who are technology users expect new information and knowledge products and services based on technological potential. It remains to the organizations to define strategies for this transformation, seeking to adapt their organizational and information systems to this new paradigm of digital transformation.
Firm Performance and Business Models Based on Exports
Authors: Vázquez José Pablo Abeal , García Begoña A. , Saavedra Javier Tarrío
Published: December 2018

This chapter aims to contrast if internationalization is a key element to explain the performance of a company, especially focusing on small and medium-size entreprises (SMEs), and to identify if a business model (BM) based on exports leads to more successful companies. There is a broad theoretical body and a representative set of methodological approaches in this area of knowledge; however, the conclusions reached are very different and in many cases hardly comparable, being limited to a specific temporal and geographical scope. For the purpose of giving a step further in the investigation of BM based on exports, the SMEs from the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain) are analyzed through an exploratory research over the 2002-2013 period. The empirical analysis takes into account a range of firm variables linked to both firm management and fixed factors, such as the type of sector, the location, and the economic situation.
Where Are We If Our Batteries Die?
Authors: Sullivan Pamela M. , Sullivan Will P.
Published: December 2018

This chapter explores the role of technology in literacy from an historical perspective. Using the examples of the printing press, Engelbart's philosophy of technology use, and the Law of Amplification, compared with the current status of technology in education, the authors argue that the technology itself is less important than the framework and pedagogy that it supports.
Parental Investment in Early Childhood
Authors: Dhouha Hajali
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to assess and estimate parental investment in children in four activities: education, health, leisure and nurture. The author first analyzes constructed composite scores and observed similarity for parental investment in health and differences in the other activities but the investment level is little enough. The author next provides new empirical evidence to shed light on the relationship between the level of parental investment and characteristics of the child, the mother and the household. Using Poisson and Negative Binominal regression models on household micro-data, the author finds good investment level in health but weak in education and almost unawareness of leisure and recreation. The education is linked to mothers' attitude and the household lifestyle is slightly valuable for the Center-Eastern area and the capital city. On the contrary, nurture activity is not linked to the lifestyle and exhibit regional differences. Moreover, households in the East of the country are more investing then those in the west.
Current Trends and Perspectives in the K-12 Canadian Blended and Online Classroom
Authors: Blomgren Constance
Published: December 2018

Canada has a history and geography that has required the use of distance education models and resources, and with its distributed population the potential of blended and online learning to further address K-12 learning needs is presently viewed by government as a means to deliver public education. These commitments have produced numerous responses and concerns regarding technical infrastructure, discussions regarding pedagogy, professional development of teachers, and establishing the means to meet the needs of twenty-first century learners. The following overview provides the Canadian K-12 context and educational trends, issues, and concerns within digital technologies and distance learning. The resulting summary holds significance for jurisdictions that have a vast geography and dispersed rural students, indigenous populations, as well as K-12 urban learners who require flexible access to educational delivery. Additionally, the overview contributes to the emerging understanding and the variety of response to digital technologies as part of the Canadian educational landscape.
Using Brain-Based Instruction to Optimize Early Childhood English Language Education
Authors: El-Henawy Walaa M.
Published: December 2018

Neuroscience has given educators new insights into how the brain learns at different developmental stages and practical ways to use those findings in the classroom to optimize student learning. Current studies provide a biologically driven framework for planning and implementing effective instruction called brain-based instruction. Brain-based instruction is a comprehensive approach to learning and teaching grounded in cognitive neuroscience research that is concerned with perception, action, memory, language, and selective attention. This chapter introduces brain-based approach to learning and teaching and how it could be incorporated in earl ELL education especially early childhood classroom. It reviews how the brain learns and how this knowledge is important for ELL teachers. In addition, educational implications of brain-based education are provided particularly for language arts instruction, classroom environment, and assessment.
Portfolios2
Authors: Lachance Joan
Published: December 2018

Graduate level teacher candidates preparing to work with English learners participate in coursework related to theory and practice for many aspects of second language acquisition. In this presentation the author describes and discusses an innovative capstone project, completed in the context of the second language acquisition course, which conceptualizes and embodies performance-based assessments. What makes this exceptional is that teacher candidates demonstrate deep insight regarding the authenticity of using performance-based assessments with K-12 English learners while simultaneously connecting the concepts to their own pre-service teaching performance-based assessments; Portfolios2.
The Dialogic Nature of Meaning Making Within a Hybrid Learning Space
Authors: Horan Deborah A. , Hersi Afra Ahmed , Kelsall Patrick
Published: December 2018

The chapter presents a reflective case study of a specific instance of hybrid teaching with preservice teachers in a graduate course on the languages and literacies of bilingual elementary children. The intensive summer course occurred across eight weeks, with four on-campus meetings and the remainder of the course occurring online. The authors address three specific pedagogical tools meant to scaffold dialogic meaning making through instructor-mediated learning and student individualization. The chapter is framed within a social constructivist stance that examines the nature of dialogic meaning making and hybrid teaching. The chapter includes detailed examples of three pedagogical tools: discussion boards as community-building spaces, dialogue journals an individualization spaces, and content application as approximation spaces for knowledge building. Interdisciplinary examples for teaching linguistically diverse children relate to mathematics, science, social studies, and language arts. In addition, the authors discuss implications and directions for research.
Talk and Play Family Education Perspective
Authors: Ural Ozana
Published: December 2018

The early childhood period is the most important time for a child's development. In the early years of a child, the responsibility of caring, training, and support lies upon the family. The child should be supported at home by family as well as the school. For maximum development of potential of children in the early period, the family and the school should be supported by various education programs. All programs that support preschool-aged children and their families in terms of child care and education can be called family education programs. Family education consists of various educational programs that include providing information to parents on becoming more knowledgeable, caring, responsible, happy, and healthy families and to maintain a good life with their children by guiding and advising them to acquire the necessary skills. Family education programs could be beneficial both for social and economic gains. This chapter aims to analyse various aspects of family education programmes in Turkey and abroad in a comparative perspective.
The Impact of Corpus-Based Vocabulary Teaching/Learning on Vocabulary Retention across Language Proficiency Levels
Authors: Momeni Ghodrat
Published: December 2018

In this chapter the impact of corpus-based vocabulary teaching/learning on vocabulary retention among EFL learners with different levels of language proficiency was studied. Four groups of students (two experimental and two control) participated in the study. The experimental groups received vocabulary instruction based on the techniques and procedures of the lexical approach. The control groups were taught with conventional techniques of vocabulary teaching. Vocabulary learning and retention were assessed by two vocabulary tests taken immediately after the treatment and with a 2-month delay respectively. The result showed that the lower proficiency experimental group outperformed other groups in the first vocabulary test, while in the second vocabulary test no significant difference was found between the experimental groups with different language proficiencies.
Pop Lyrics and Mobile Language Learning
Authors: Werner Valentin , Lehl Maria , Walton Jonathan
Published: December 2018

Pop lyrics represent a rich, but underused resource in language teaching in both institutional and informal contexts. This is striking in view of analyses from the fields of motivational and cognitive psychology, didactics as well as linguistics, which all provide evidence for the inherent potential of pop lyrics. This paper will first take a closer look at arguments in favor of exploiting pop lyrics for learning purposes. Next, it will outline gateway steps and potential difficulties on the way toward using lyrics in a video/lyrics app tailored to the requirements of an informal, gamified and learner-centered setting. In conclusion, the authors suggest that pop lyrics can be used effectively to establish a connection to the world of the learner both within and beyond the language classroom. However, there remain a number of technical and methodological challenges that have to be overcome to create a fully adaptable and flexible framework for using lyrics in mobile-assisted language learning.
Enhancing Metacognitive Language Learning Strategy Use and Business Language Proficiency in Technology-Enhanced Collaborative Learning Environment
Authors: Zhao Ke
Published: December 2018

This study addresses the key issues in CALL literature concerning how to design, evaluate and examine a technology-enhanced collaborative inquiry learning environment for EFL students to enhance language learning processes and language proficiency. Participants were four intact business English classes at a Chinese university with 102 Year 1 students in a 12-week project learning in English for International Business in two different learning environments, namely computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning (CSCIL) and regular project-based learning environment (PBL). Data from multiple sources were obtained including learning strategy surveys, pre-and post- business language proficiency tests, and online interactions. Pre- and post-questionnaire surveys were administered to measure effect of the design on language learning strategy use. Positive design effect was observed on metacognitive strategy use and language proficiency development. Quantitative online discourse analyses were conducted to examine relations among online Knowledge Forum participation and language strategy use as well as business language proficiency. Theoretical and practical implications of this study were also discussed in particular relation to a theory-informed and technology-enhanced EFL business English pedagogy.
Two Sides of the Flip in Middle Grades ELA
Authors: Brooks Natascha , Weaver Hannah
Published: December 2018

This chapter aims to guide secondary teachers through the process of flipping their classrooms. The authors will share results from their action research and lay out recommendations for before, during, and after a flipped unit, providing readers with resources to flip their own classrooms. The authors will also share student perspectives and describe how these perspectives have shaped future flipped lessons and classroom approaches.
Using Skype to Focus on Form in Japanese Telecollaboration
Authors: Akiyama Yuka
Published: December 2018

This chapter examines the effects of lexical categories on Focus on Form (FonF) and the use of multimodal features of Skype for preemptive and reactive Language-Related Episodes (LREs) in a task-based language exchange via Skype (i.e. telecollaboration). Twelve pairs of Japanese-as-a-foreign-language learners and native speakers of Japanese engaged in two decision-making tasks. Each task prompt included target vocabulary of different lexical categories (nouns or onomatopoeia) that participants had to negotiate for task completion. The quantitative analysis of oral interaction revealed a significant effect of lexical categories on the total number and linguistic focus (i.e. morphological, lexical, and phonological items) of preemptive LREs, as well as the correction method, linguistic focus, and the uptake rate of reactive LREs. The analysis of multimodal interaction revealed that participants often used text chat, images, and webcams to carry out telecollaborative interaction and that the lexical categories affected which of these multimodal features of Skype are used for FonF.
Foreign Language Teaching Practices in 3D Multi-User Virtual Immersive Learning Environments
Authors: Demirbilek Muhammet , Siauciune Vaida Kazlauskaite
Published: December 2018

3D multi-user virtual environments (MUVE) bring new opportunities to foreign language teaching and learning as a platform for teaching practices. Due to immersive and interactive nature of 3D MUVE, these tools have gained popularity in the field of foreign language learning and teaching. The power of virtual learning environments lies in creating immersive 3-D spaces that give users a sense of learning by doing. Moreover, the environment is interactive and is much the same as real world interaction. MUVE provides strong support for synchronous collaborations, interactions, and immersive environments for experiential and constructivist learning settings. Some key features of the virtual worlds comprise the ability to construct 3D environments that simulate real world situations, as well as the ability to have a virtual identity to create a cross-cultural self and the ability to have participants from around the world acting virtually in designated roles that convey new types of learning within this environment.
Creating a Micro-Immersion Environment Through Telecollaboration
Authors: Lewis Tasha N.
Published: December 2018

This chapter offers an innovative approach for implementing telecollaborative activities in order to enable students to connect with peers in real-time, with the goal of creating a micro-immersion experience called a “Virtual Language Exchange”. This chapter describes and compares two intermediate Spanish classes participating in Virtual Language Exchanges via Skype: one paired with peers from the target language and culture, and one paired with peers from within the class itself. Students from both groups participate in meaningful interactions in the target language in order to complete the assigned task-based activities. The chapter argues that finding new ways to bring the target language to life by using technology, like the Virtual Language Exchange experience described here, can benefit students' foreign language development in multiple ways.
Second Language Learners' Spoken Discourse
Authors: Cucchiarini Catia , Strik Helmer
Published: December 2018

This chapter examines the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology in the context of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and language learning and teaching research. A brief introduction to ASR is first provided, to make it clear why and how this technology can be used to the benefit of learning and development in second language (L2) spoken discourse. This is followed by an overview of the state of the art in research on ASR-based CALL. Subsequently, a number of relevant projects on ASR-based CALL conducted at the Centre for Language and Speech Technology of the Radboud University in Nijmegen (the Netherlands) are presented. Possible solutions and recommendations are discussed given the current state of the technology with an explanation of how such systems can be used to the benefit of Discourse Analysis research. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible perspectives for future research and development.
Use of Computer Technology for Writing Consultations
Authors: Lee Cynthia
Published: December 2018

This chapter investigates the use of computer technology for writing consultations from the tutors' perspective. Tutors' opinions of the hybrid (i.e., a combination of face-to-face and virtual consultations) and the virtual consultation modes in an English writing enhancement service in a university in Hong Kong were collected. Questionnaires were administered to 10 tutors who had used the two consultation modes. It was found that the majority of the tutors were in favor of the two modes, and that they appreciated the benefits of online writing consultations and the text-only consultation platform design. However, they also expressed reservations about replacing the traditional face-to-face writing consultations with computers, because they could not see much increase in tutee-tutor interactions via the two consultation modes. In light of their opinions, recommendations are made to improve the text-only consultation platform and to develop tutors' professional knowledge and pedagogies for online writing consultations.
Theory and Practice in Computer-Assisted Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Prince Peter
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents an account of the ongoing development of a vocabulary learning resource, VocPAL (Vocabulary: Progressive Autonomous Learning), for French learners of English in a university context. The chapter describes the background to the resource, its theoretical underpinnings, and its presentation features. These include pictures, sound, an association test, and context sentences forming a story. A questionnaire was administered to college students (N = 115) to assess reactions to VocPAL in an online learning environment. Further insights were gained from interviews with users of the resource. Both questionnaire and interview data suggest that, while the resource is judged favourably overall, improvements can be made to make the story more appealing and to add more interactivity. Results are discussed in terms of future development options, limitations to the study, and some broader issues regarding computer-assisted vocabulary learning.