bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal Protective Equipment Detection for Industrial Environments: A Lightweight Model Based on RTDETR for Small Targets
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Jialin , Chen Wei , Han Qingbin , Lin Junfeng , Li Junyu , Yao Zijun
Published: November 2024

Existing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) detection research typically focuses on close-range scenarios, often neglecting small target detection in industrial surveillance. To address this gap, we propose LMD-RTDETR, a lightweight algorithm for small PPE targets. In the encoding stage of the neural network, we incorporated an Adaptive Inductive Frequency Learnable Position Encoding (AIFI-LPE) structure to enhance the model's ability to understand complex scenes. Additionally, the Dynamic Group Shuffle Transformer SlimNeck (DGST-SlimNeck) module and Multi-Path Spatial Semantic Feature Fusion (MP-SSFF) structure are optimized in the Neck network, enhancing the model's feature learning ability and achieving multi-scale feature fusion. These innovations significantly improve detection accuracy for small objects in complex scenes. We conducted extensive experiments on both a custom PPE dataset and the public VisDrone dataset. Compared to RT-DETR-r18 on the PPE dataset, LMD-RTDETR shows a 2.4% improvement in mean Average Precision at Intersection over Union thresholds from 50% to 95% (mAP@50:95). Simultaneously, it reduces parameters by 24.2% and computational complexity (Giga Floating Point Operations per Second, GFLOPs) by 6.8%. On the VisDrone dataset, it achieves an mAP@50 of 39.0%, demonstrating strong generalization capabilities. These results highlight LMD-RTDETR's effectiveness in small-target PPE detection within industrial settings, offering a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. Our work contributes to enhancing workplace safety through improved automated PPE detection, particularly in complex industrial environments with diverse monitoring conditions.
Deciphering Genetic Diversity Through Cluster and Principal Component Analyses for Yield and Quality traits in Small Cardamom [Elattaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]
Authors: T Preethy T. , K Aswathi K. , Suma A , Murugan M. , Mathews Nimisha
Published: November 2024

A field study assessed the variability among 20 high-yielding small cardamom accessions, including the popular “Green Gold” variety, focusing on hybrids, breeding lines, and seedling selections. Selected for their high yields, these accessions were evaluated at the Kerala Agricultural University's Cardamom Research Station using a randomized block design (RBD) over four years. Statistical analysis of ten yield-related traits revealed significant diversity among the genotypes at a 1% probability level. Notably, PS 27 exhibited the highest fresh weight, while Pl.No. 14 showed superior dry weight, indicating a high dry recovery percentage. PS 27 also had a higher capsule volume, with other cultivars like Pl.No. 19 and HY 9 displaying similar results. The weight of 100 capsules was highest for HY 9, underscoring PS 27’s superior capsule boldness. PS 3 showed the highest seed count, followed by PS 27, although Pl.No. 14 outperformed most other traits except 100-capsule weight. Based on these findings, PS 27 and Pl.No. 14 emerged as superior for future breeding to enhance cardamom yield. Genotypes were grouped into three clusters based on 75% genetic similarity, with Cluster II having the most genotypes, while PS 27 uniquely formed Cluster III. Pl.No. 14 and Green Gold were in Cluster I, showcasing their yield and morphological advantages. The first four principal components explained 82.5% of the total variation, suggesting that diverse morphological genotypes could contribute to effective breeding programs.
SWCNTs functionalized with gold nanoradiosensitizers as radiosensitizers for enhanced radiotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Hashemi Negin , Asghariha Zahra , Hosseini Marzieh Sadat , Danafar Hossein
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the most common and significant threat affecting women globally. Traditional methods have been widely used in cancer treatment for many years. However, the unavoidable side effects of these approaches are undeniable. Nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes offer the potential to improve traditional cancer treatments by reducing side effects and enhancing efficacy. In this project, we investigated the potential of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as advanced delivery systems for chemotherapy agents directly within tumors, as well as their role as substrates for developing radiation sensitizers to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy alone. To confirm the successful formation of the nanoparticles, we conducted various techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to ensure accurate verification. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of SWCNTs -Au-CUR nanoparticles, we performed MTT and hemolysis assays. Subsequently, we assessed the effectiveness of the synthesized nanoparticles at different concentrations, with and without the aid of X-ray, against cancer cells. Observed results showed the correct creation and high efficacy of these nanoparticles on cancerous cells. It also showed that the presence of X-rays amplified nanoparticle toxicity, increased the ROS levels in the cancerous cells, and resulted in more effective induction of DNA damage.
Genetic marker type impacts ex situ conservation minimum sample size estimates and their variance
Authors: Koontz Austin C. , Salas Gavin D. , Hoban Sean M.
Published: November 2024

Ex situ collections in botanic gardens help safeguard plant species and their genetic diversity. While past research has typically used microsatellite markers to quantify the extent of ex situ genetic representation in botanic gardens, next-generation sequencing techniques using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming more common. Several studies have examined the impact of marker choice on measures of genetic diversity and differentiation, but no evaluation of the effect of different markers on ex situ conservation metrics has been made. Additionally, minimum sample size estimates (MSSEs) for representing proportions of genetic diversity are typically presented as averages, but no study has quantified the variance surrounding reported MSSEs. To close these knowledge gaps, we used simulations to generate microsatellite and SNP data for species with various demographic characteristics and examined the impact that different markers have on MSSEs and their variance. We found that using SNPs resulted in MSSEs three to four times greater than estimates based on microsatellites, and that the difference between SNP-based and microsatellite-based MSSEs was greater when total population sizes were larger. We also found that confidence intervals surrounding MSSEs are large, but can be decreased by using higher numbers of loci. Our results indicate that ex situ conservation metrics are sensitive to the marker type used, the number of markers, and the total size of wild populations. We emphasize that communication of minimum required sample sizes to practitioners should include measures of uncertainty, and should account for the genetic marker being used.
Dying of starvation if not from bombs: Assessing measurement properties of the Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (FIES) in Gaza's civilian population experiencing the world’s worst hunger crisis
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Jebreen Kamel , Swaitti Tasnim , Jebreen Mohammed , Radwan Eqbal , Kammoun-Rebai Wafa , Nawajah Inad , Shamsti Omar , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: November 2024

Background: Since October 2023, the humanitarian crisis in Gaza has dramatically escalated and food insecurity (FI) has rapidly deteriorated. In the face of such situation, it has been recommended that accurate information on FI should be integrated in emergency reporting systems in order to better target and assess the impact of humanitarian aid. To achieve this, field practitioners, researchers and decision-makers should be equipped with user-friendly and psychometrically sound measures tailored to real-life war situations and the Palestinian context. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (FIES) in a sample of Arabic-speaking community adults currently living in the Gaza Strip during the war.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, snowball sampling as a recruiting strategy, and a self-administered online questionnaire to collect data from participants. It was performed during the period from September 1st to 30th, 2024. A total of 534 valid responses were received and were included in the final analysis.
Results: Approximately one out of two people in Gaza were experiencing any FI. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a one-factor solution fit the data with acceptable factor loadings. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the Arabic version of the FIES presented an excellent level of reliability, with both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald omega coefficients of .94. Cross-sex measurement invariance in the FIES was established at scalar and metric levels. Finaly, concurrent validity was evidenced by FIES's positive correlations with water insecurity experiences, post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms.
Conclusion: Altogether, our findings showed that the FIES fulfils requirements of validity and reliability, and may thus be considered as appropriate tool for assessing FI in war-affected populations currently suffering from hunger. The FIES is simple, short, economic and time-effective. It could therefore be easily implemented in war settings to measure and monitor FI for clinical, research and policy-making purposes.
Geospatial Analysis of HIV Prevalence in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: Bayesian Spatial Hierarchical Models
Authors: Chireshe Exaverio , Chifurira Retius , Batidzirai Jescca , Chinhamu Knowledge , Kharsany Ayesha B.M
Published: November 2024

Background: Globally, South Africa has the highest number of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the province of KwaZulu Natal (KZN) has the highest number of individuals who are HIV positive. However, a better understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of provincial estimates of HIV prevalence, specifically at localised level, could help advance HIV treatment and prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the spatial heterogeneity of HIV prevalence and examine the individual-level characteristics of the prevalence of HIV at localised level using the Bayesian hierarchical spatial modelling technique.
Methods: This was an analysis of data collected from 9812 men and women aged 15- 49 years participating in the HIV Incidence Provincial Surveillance System (HIPSS) from June 2014 to July 2015. To fit the Bayesian hierarchical spatial model to the HIV prevalence data, the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) numerical method was employed.
Results: Results revealed that there was a positive spatial autocorrelation in the wards. The Kulldorf’s spatial scan statistic identified one hot-spot cluster around Nadi, KwaMbanjwa and Zayeka areas and one cold-spot cluster around the Greater Edendale area. Gender, age group, education level, source of income and marital status, along with behaviours like alcohol use and having multiple sexual partners, were significantly associated with HIV prevalence. Also, being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and TB increased the chances of getting infected with HIV.
Conclusion: The detection of HIV hotspot cluster, the predictors of HIV transmission and the spatial distribution of HIV infection in uMgungundlovu Municipality is crucial for focused mitigations, outreach efforts, and resource allocation to populations in need, eventually advancing the efficiencies and integrity of public health schemes.
Mpox Vaccine Design Through Immunoinformatics and Computational Epitope Prediction
Authors: Rivera-Orellana Sebastián , Ramírez‑Iglesias José R. , Acosta-España Jaime David , Espinosa-Espinosa Jorge , Navarro Juan-Carlos , Herrera-Yela Andrés , López-Cortés Andrés
Published: November 2024

The Mpox virus (Monkeypox virus) poses significant public health risks due to its potential for severe outbreaks in humans. This study presents an innovative vaccine design using bioinformatics to identify epitopes that activate helper T cells (HTLs) via the human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) complex. Starting with 50,040 vaccine candidates, 14 epitopes with the highest HLA-II affinity were selected based on antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, stability, and homology. These epitopes were integrated into a multi-epitope vaccine with spacers and adjuvants to enhance the immune response. A 3D model was developed, confirming structural stability and optimal epitope exposure through molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the vaccine can induce robust immune responses, suggesting its potential effectiveness against the Mpox virus. Additionally, population coverage analysis supports its promise as a significant tool for controlling Mpox epidemics and advancing global public health initiatives.
Challenges of Distance Learning During Pandemic Covid-19 in Papua and West Papua : Focus on Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Rusli  , Rusdin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to provide and explore information about the current challenges perceived by students in distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 214 participants in high school students (SMA, SMK, and MA) in Papua and West Papua was involved in this study. Employing a survey data collection technique and a quantitative descriptive method for analysis of the data, data were gathered using online questionnaires. The results of this study revealed that the current challenges in learning distance during the Covid-19 pandemic based on students’ perceptions were infrastructure and internet connectivity, technological competence, motivation, and financial constraint. Furthermore, the findings showed that these current challenges impact on students’ engagement in distance learning. Further recommendations and future studies on this topic have been included in this paper.
Persistent intestinal myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis in a Nigerian university student: a case report
Authors: Adiri Winifred N , Basil Bruno , Onyia Chinwe P , Ugwuanyi Joy O , Azifuaku Chinyere , Iheukwumere Sam C , Obienu Olivia , Ijoma Uchenna N , Nwokediuko Sylvester C
Published: November 2024

Background
Gastrointestinal myiasis is a rare form of infestation by fly larvae which typically occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food or water, especially in regions with poor hygiene. This report presents a rare and persistent case of intestinal myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis in a Nigerian university student, highlighting the challenges posed by persistent symptoms despite prolonged standard anti-helminthic treatments.
Case Presentation:
A 24-year-old male Nigerian university student presented with the passage of live maggots in his stool for one year likely due to exposure to contaminated food from unsanitary campus vendors. He had received multiple anti-helminthic treatments without improvement. Clinical evaluations, including imaging and laboratory tests, were mostly normal, with live maggots confirmed as Oestrus ovis larvae in stool samples. Initial treatment with standard anti-helminthics failed, leading to a prolonged treatment with Ivermectin, Nitazoxanide, and colonic washes, combined with levofloxacin for H. pylori eradication, resulting in the resolution of symptoms with no recurrence after six months.
Conclusion
This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider rare parasitic infections such as Oestrus ovis myiasis, especially in endemic regions with poor hygiene, and highlights the importance of extended or alternative treatment protocols for resistant cases. It also emphasizes the need for increased awareness of food safety and hygiene in high-risk environments and further research into resistance mechanisms in myiasis treatment.
Functional and mechanistical characterization of the essential lipid transport protein P116 from mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors:   , Manger Sina
Published: November 2024

Lipid acquisition and transport are fundamental processes in all organisms, but many of the key players remain unidentified. In this study, we investigate the lipid-cycling mechanism of the minimal model organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We show that the essential protein P116 can extract lipids from the environment but also self-sufficiently deposit them into both eukaryotic cell membranes and liposomes. Our structures and molecular dynamics simulation reveal the mechanism by which the N-terminal region of P116, which resembles an SMP domain, perturbs the membrane, while a hydrophobic pocket exploits the chemical gradient to collect the lipids. Filling of P116 with cargo leads to a conformational change that modulates membrane affinity without consumption of ATP. We show that the Mycoplasmas have one integrated lipid acquisition and delivery machinery that shortcuts the complex multi-protein pathways used by higher developed organisms.
Diagnostische Zugänge im inklusiven Unterricht – Ergebnisse einer schulform- und professionsübergreifenden Interviewstudie mit Lehrkräften
Authors: Overbeck Theresa , Skribbe Samira
Published: November 2024

Im inklusiven Unterricht kommt einer pädagogischen Diagnostik besondere Relevanz zu, die auf formativ ausgerichtete diagnostische Zugänge setzt und die Optimierung von Lehr-Lern-Prozessen durch die Bereitstellung möglichst passgenauer Lernangebote zum Ziel hat. Mittel­punkt dieses Beitrags bilden (1) die Frage nach den diagnostischen Zugängen, die Lehrkräfte beschreiben, um im inklusiven Unterricht Erkenntnisse über Lernende zu gewinnen und (2) die Einordnung dieser im Rahmen einer pädagogischen, formativ ausgerichteten Diagnostik nach Zielsetzung und Zeitpunkt der Erkenntnisgewinnung. Der Beitrag basiert auf einer Interviewstu­die, in welcher vier Sonderpädagog:innen und fünf Fachlehrkräfte zu diagnostischen Zugängen im inklusiven Unterricht befragt wurden. Die Interviewauswertung erfolgte mittels Qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Lehrkräfte zur Diagnostik schulform- und professionsübergreifend häufig individualisierenden Unterricht, implizit auch lehrkraftge­lenkte Phasen nutzen. Zudem werden in den Interviews informelle Methoden und die Schüler:in­nen-Lehrkraft-Beziehung als diagnostisch bedeutsam eingeschätzt. Bei der Beschreibung diag­nostischer Zugänge sind formative Aspekte vorherrschend.
Abstract
In inclusive education, pedagogical diagnostics is particularly relevant, as it relies on formative diagnostic approaches and aims to optimize teaching-learning processes by providing learning opportunities that are appropriate to the learners needs. This article focuses on (1) the question of the diagnostic approaches that teachers describe in order to gain insights about learners in inclusive education and (2) the classification of these in the context of pedagogical, formative diagnostics according to the objectives and timing of diagnostics. The article is based on an interview study in which four special education teachers and five subject teachers were asked about diagnostic approaches in inclusive education. The interviews were evaluated using quali­tative content analysis. The results indicate that teachers often use individualized instruction and implicitly use teacher-directed phases for diagnostics across school types and professions. In addition, informal methods and the pupil-teacher relationship are seen as diagnostically sig­nificant in the interviews. In the description of diagnostic approaches formative aspects are pre­dominant.
Rural Economic Stability
Authors: Andreyeva Elena , Wang Brad
Published: November 2024

Recognition that economic stability has a significant impact on individual health status has become more pronounced over the last decade, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic and its disruption to the household finances of many Americans. While residents of inner cities have historically been affected by economic instability, rural residents have not been exempt from unique challenges accessing safe housing, nutritious foods, healthcare services, stable schooling, and other necessities. In fact, some of the challenges may be more striking in rural communities due to pockets of persistent poverty, limited employment opportunities, food insecurity, aging population, limited housing stock, lack of transportation, and underfunded schools. As recognition of the importance of economic stability continues to strengthen, future research should examine the impact current policy initiatives have not only on the financial health of rural Americans, but also on their physical and mental health. The relationship between rural poverty and health is multifaceted, further complicated by regional disparities in economic stability, concentrated in the U.S. South, and racial disparities concentrated among non-White rural residents. To succeed, policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, businesses, community groups, and other stakeholders should continue to work together to implement interventions directed at addressing disparities in access to employment opportunities, affordable housing, nutritious foods, and schooling in rural communities.
Disparities and Opportunities Across the Cancer Continuum in Rural America
Authors: Bloom Rosaleen D. , Bolin Jane N. , Brandford Arica , Callaghan Timothy , Fahrenwald Nancy , Mullens Sophie , Primm Kristin , Wang Brad
Published: November 2024

Rural cancer health disparities persist in the U.S. Barriers exist across the cancer continuum from primary prevention to cancer screening and cancer control. As cancer costs continue to grow, effective primary prevention should target interventions to reduce pollution and toxins, obesity, smoking and alcohol disparities. Continued implementation and development of secondary prevention screening strategies that improve access to providers and screening services are needed. Tertiary cancer control interventions need to be created and piloted for rural communities. Rather than a small subset of states, all fifty states need rural-specific cancer strategies in their comprehensive cancer control plans.
Addiction in Rural America
Authors: Gary Jodie C. , Burge Destiny , Downing Nancy R. , Hutchison Linnae , Horel Scott
Published: November 2024

Continued investigation, and interventions that emphasize environments which better conditions underpinning increased risk, are critical. In general, rural Americans are at-risk and understudied in relation to the opioid epidemic. This chapter highlights drug use in rural America, as the opioid epidemic is certainly on the forefront of addiction concerns. The need is great for stronger partnerships among the medical community, increased access to substance use treatments, and collaborative public health organizations to better support rural communities.
Rural Healthy People
Authors: Castiglione Towne Samuel D. , Ng Boon Peng , Reres Adam , Rigsby Matilin , Lee Chanam , Smith Matthew Lee , Ory Marcia G.
Published: November 2024

Older adults face distinct challenges related to aging, including social connectedness and isolation. Solutions, such as age-friendly community designs, can mitigate these issues. Older rural residents experience health disparities, compounded by factors like race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Analyzing these experiences is complex due to intersecting factors (e.g., race, rurality). Tailored evidence-based programs and policies are essential. Embedding interventions sensitive to individual experiences and ongoing public health surveillance are crucial for improving outcomes among rural older adults.
Mapping a dissipative quantum spin chain onto a generalized Coulomb gas
Authors: Bouverot-Dupuis Oscar
Published: November 2024

An XXZ spin chain at zero magnetization is subject to spatially correlated baths acting as dissipation. We show that the low-energy excitations of this model are described by a dissipative sine-Gordon field theory, i.e. a sine-Gordon action with an additional long-range interaction emerging from dissipation. The field theory is then exactly mapped onto a generalized Coulomb gas which, in addition to the usual integer charges, displays half-integer charges that originate from the dissipative baths. These new charges come in pairs linked by a charge independent logarithmic interaction. In the Coulomb gas picture, we identify a Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless-like phase transition corresponding to the binding of charges and derive the associated perturbative renormalization group equations. For superohmic baths, the transition is due to the binding of the integer charges, while for subohmic baths, it is due to the binding of the half-integer charges, thereby signaling a dissipation-induced transition.
APPROVISIONNEMENT EN EAU ET SANTE DES POPULATIONS RURALES: LE CAS DATTEHOU (AGBOVILLE-COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny., Florence Epse. AWOMON AKEDjaliah , Yao Franck NGUESSAN ,   Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny.
Published: November 2024

Water is a vital element for human life. It is available in Attehou, although its supply constitutes a problem for the population. The objective of this present study is to highlight the influence of the issue of water supply on the health of the population of Attehou. The methodology is based on the use of documents, field observation, interviews, the use of reports from the Information and Management Systems (GIS) of the Elevi health center and a field survey of 257 households. The processing of the data collected made it possible to obtain the following results. The population of Attehou uses traditional water supply methods (traditional wells, Wochi River, backwaters and the Agneby River) and a modern supply method (Village Hydraulic pumps). In the dry season, the population is subject to enormous supply difficulties which manifest themselves in the drying up of water sources, the regularity and long breakdown times of pumps, the inadequacy of modern infrastructure, a long time of water supply and use of unimproved sources. All these difficulties make the population vulnerable to water-borne diseases (diarrhea, typhoid fever, scabies, itchy skin and malaria).
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER AND CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Cracow University of Economics., Yurii Nadtochii
Published: November 2024

The significant potential of glass fiber-based composite materials in aerospace and aviation industries, automotive manufacturing, and medical equipment production is emphasized. It is concluded that glass fiber is much cheaper and less brittle compared to materials like carbon fiber or other plastic fibers, as glass fiber exhibits high resistance to tensile and compressive loads. The main stages of the technological process of composite manufacturing are described, and the key requirements for evaluating the mechanical parameters of glass fiber products are listed. An analysis of the scientific literature has established that the high strength of fiberglass ensures the stability of its thermal conductivity characteristics, making it resistant to environmental influences and aging. The thermal conductivity of fiberglass composites depends on several factors, the most important of which are the type of fiber and matrix, fiber volume fraction, fiber characteristics, control of heat flow, interaction between the matrix and fiber, and operating temperature. It is summarized that the mechanical properties of fiberglass structures depend on a number of factors, the most important of which are: the type of fiber and resin, fiber orientation (aligned, randomly oriented, woven, etc.), and the percentage content of each component.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS REVEALING A COMPLETE ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL IN A 22-MONTH INFANT
Authors:   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., Eddakhche MD Hicham , Beladel MD Wassim ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., El Minaoui MD Mohamed ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco.
Published: November 2024

The atrioventricular canal (AVC) is a complex and rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It is potentially severe due to the complexity of its lesions and associated fixed pulmonary arterial hypertension. We report the case of a 22-month-old infant girl with Trisomy 21 syndrome, admitted for acute respiratory distress. TTE showed a complete AVC with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Prognosis depends on the promptness of diagnosis and therapeutic management.
Tracking the European transition from fuel dependence to sustainable mobility
Authors: Khaustova Viktoriia , Kyzym Mykola , Hubarieva Iryna , Kotliarov Yevhen , Salashenko Tetiana , Khaustov Mykyta
Published: November 2024

This study aims to track the EU’s shift from fuel dependence to sustainable mobility, assessing current impacts and future efforts for low- and zero-emission vehicles and renewable fuels to reduce crude hydrocarbon imports and greenhouse gas emissions. The paper uses methods of composite indices of fuel dependence and greenhouse gas emission intensity, decomposition analysis for crude hydrocarbon imports and greenhouse gas emissions, and the causal relationship between transport traffic and sustainable mobility objectives. Empirical results indicate that deploying sustainable mobility in the EU saved 10 million tons of crude oil imports and prevented 49 million tCO2eq emissions. Advancements in sustainable mobility were more effective in curbing greenhouse gas emissions (4.7%) than in reducing crude hydrocarbon imports (1.9%) from 2013 to 2022. Projections for the EU’s 2025 objectives indicate significant efforts needed to avoid an extra 61 million tCO2eq, including adding over 13 million zero-emission transport units and producing about 2 million tons of sustainable fuel. Both targets are currently at risk. The study highlights the latent potential in other hydrocarbons that can be transformed from non-fossil energy sources. Therefore, monitoring the impact of sustainable mobility is a crucial task in reducing fuel dependence and greenhouse gas emissions from transport. It enables informed decisions and strategy adaptations and ensures that environmental and economic targets are met both timely and effectively.
AcknowledgmentThis article is funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine within the framework of Creation of the Production of Synthetic Liquid Fuel from Coal in Ukraine in the War and Post-War Periods project (registration number 2022.01/0061) implemented within Science for the Reconstruction of Ukraine in the War and Post-War Periods competition.
The determinants of volatility connectedness of South African equity super sectors
Authors: Samuel Lawrence Babatunde , Doorasamy Mishelle , A. Obalade Adefemi
Published: November 2024

The paper aims to explore the determinants of total volatility connectedness of nine super sectors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) market from 3rd January 2006 to 31st December 2021. These sectors are Automobile and Parts, Chemical, Telecommunication, Technology, Energy, Health, Finance, Insurance, and General Industrials. The paper applied Diebold and Yilmaz connectedness matrix and the time-varying parameter – vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to determine the sectorial total volatility connectedness index (STVCI). After that, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) was used to determine the asymmetric effects and the drivers of STVCI. It was found that the partial sum decomposition of the South African volatility index (SAVI) and Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPU) are the key determinants of the STVCI both in the long and short run. However, domestic market return (DMR) shows no significant asymmetric effect on STVCI. The study concluded that SAVI and EPU are the key determinants of volatility connectedness among the JSE super-sectors. The results unveil important implications for sectorial investors and policymakers on potential regulations and stability of the significant determinants of spillover risk.
Conscientiousness and creativity of accounting employees: The role of intrinsic motivation
Authors: Thi Hang Nga Nguyen
Published: November 2024

Creativity is one of the key activities aimed at enhancing the competitive advantage of organizations. Therefore, the topic of how to foster creativity has recently become of interest to many researchers. Accountants often possess unique characteristics related to motivation and creativity. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between conscientiousness, intrinsic motivation, and creativity of accounting employees. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of 283 accountants of private organizations in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The SPSS and AMOS 20 software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses through structural equation modeling. The results show that conscientiousness positively influences intrinsic motivation (standardized β = 0.387), and intrinsic motivation positively influences creativity (standardized β = 0.474). Additionally, although conscientiousness does not directly affect creativity, it indirectly influences it through the mediating role of intrinsic motivation (standardized β = 0.183). In other words, intrinsic motivation fully mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and individual creativity. A highly conscientious individual, although not directly enhancing creativity, can still foster personal creativity if he/she possesses high intrinsic motivation. This result offers significant contributions both theoretically and practically.
DERECHO DE LOS TRATADOS Y NORMAS DE JUS COGENS: LA IMPERACTIVIDAD Y PREPODERANCIA DE LAS NORMAS ESTRUCTURALES DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Piucco Micheli , Gorczevski Clovis
Published: November 2024

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la cuestión de responsabilización de los Estados por violaciones de tratados de derechos humanos en los que no son partes y la prevalencia de normas de jus cogens. Como justificación, los Estados argumentan que al no estar obligados por algunas normas internacionales y, siguiendo el derecho convencional establecido en las Convenciones de Viena sobre la materia de 1969 y 1986, seguirían sin poder ser considerados responsables, ya que en ejercicio de su soberanía y, en particular el respeto a los principios de libre consentimiento y buena fe y la regla pacta sunt servanda, no ratifican tratados sobre la materia. De esta manera, podrían cometerse diversas violaciones de derechos humanos sin que resulte en responsabilidad internacional, respetando en consecuencia el derecho de los tratados y las tesis presentadas al respecto por los Estados. En este sentido, se destacan las normas consuetudinarias y su importancia, además de las lacunas en la materia y la necesidad de regulaciones estrictas para los Estados que incumplan las normas, por tratarse de normas imperativas de derecho internacional. Se utiliza el método deductivo de procedimiento y análisis y la técnica de investigación bibliográfica.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA DECISÃO DO POVO INDÍGENA XUKURU VS. BRASIL NO ÂMBITO DO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA QUINTA REGIÃO
Authors: De Nazaré dos Santos Mendes Ellen , Oliveira Moreira Thiago , Bitencourt Nóbrega Flavianne Fernanda
Published: November 2024

A condenação do Brasil na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, no Caso do Povo Indígena Xukuru, revela a falha do Estado em assegurar os direitos fundamentais dos indígenas, no que diz respeito à garantia efetiva de posse e usufruto exclusivo de seu território, conforme estabelecido na Constituição Federal de 1988. Levando isso em consideração, eis que surge a seguinte questão: qual o impacto jurídico que a sentença da Corte IDH causou no Tribunal Regional Federal da 5° Região (TRF-5)? Para responder a essa problemática, buscou-se analisar as consequências dessa condenação no âmbito do TRF-5 e investigar o atual estágio de cumprimento das reparações impostas pela Corte IDH ao Brasil.  
No que se refere à metodologia, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e análises de conteúdo das decisões do TRF-5 que envolvem o território indígena Xukuru. E, considerando a importância do cumprimento das decisões do tribunal interamericano, foi possível constatar que a sentença da Corte IDH gerou impactos diretos no TRF-5, levando-o à criação de sua própria Unidade de Monitoramento das Decisões do Sistema Interamericano, assim como a sua adesão ao Pacto Nacional do Judiciário pelos Direitos Humanos. Também foi verificado que, dos pontos resolutivos indicados pela Corte Internacional, metade ainda permanece pendente de cumprimento pelo Estado.
Reseña de CABALLERO CAMINO, H. ITZIAR. La genética del constitucionalismo moderno, Ed. Funglode: Santo Domingo, 2021.
Authors: Barbero Iker
Published: November 2024

La genética del Constitucionalismo moderno de H. Itziar Caballero Camino es un riguroso y sugerente trabajo intelectual realizado desde una perspectiva singular. Tratando de sacar a la luz la genética del constitucionalismo moderno, la autora analiza, desde una perspectiva original, multidisciplinar el espacio temporal que abarca la era feudal, su voladura y la cimentación del capitalismo.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E MIGRAÇÕES:
Authors: Da Luz Chiarello Patrícia , Roberto Cervi Jacson , Noschang Patricia
Published: November 2024

A interseção entre tecnologia e migração tem gerado um debate acalorado sobre os limites da vigilância estatal e os direitos individuais, especialmente no contexto da União Europeia (UE). Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a liberdade de circulação de pessoas e a utilização de tecnologias de inteligência artificial (IA) na regulação dos fluxos migratórios no âmbito da UE, com foco no uso recorrente de sistemas de reconhecimento facial nas fronteiras dos países que fazem parte da UE. O problema central deste estudo reside na tensão entre a segurança dos Estados e os direitos fundamentais da população migrante, destacando a necessidade de assegurar a efetividade dos direitos humanos de pessoas em contextos de fluxo migratório forçado. A pesquisa é justificada pela necessidade de compreender os desafios e implicações da crescente convergência entre IA e migrações na UE, sobretudo considerando um contexto global de intensificação de fluxos migratórios forçados decorrentes de guerras, emergência climática e das diversas crises multidimensionais transnacionais.
WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors: Maia Catherine , Gbénou André-Marie
Published: November 2024

On 24 February 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin decided to launch a vast offensive by Russian armed forces on land, air, and sea across the entire territory of Ukraine, under the guise of what was justified as a "special military operation”. Such a war initiated by Russia against Ukraine highlighted the deficiencies of the United Nations when a permanent member of the Security Council is involved. Since the beginning of armed hostilities, the Security Council, a body of limited composition assuming primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, remained paralyzed in its actions by the Russian veto. On the contrary, the General Assembly, the plenary body, experienced renewed vitality, that enabled it to intervene in aid to Ukraine and to adopt a series of important albeit non-binding resolutions. The center of gravity of the United Nations thus shifted from an immobilized Security Council to a revitalized General Assembly capable of recalling the essential principles of international law, at a time when they are being so blatantly disregarded.
REPERCUSSÕES DA ECONOMIA AMBIENTAL NECOCLÁSSICA E ECOLÓGICA NO DIREITO DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: LEOCADIO DIAS CUNHA CINTYA , MALVINA PIOVAN MARTINAZZO WALESKA
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho pretende a partir das ramificações da economia do meio ambiente (economia ambiental neoclássica e a economia ecológica) refletir de que maneira o sistema econômico afeta o ecossistema maior que o sustenta e como a questão ambiental pode impactar nas relações de consumo. Nesse sentido, primeiramente, busca-se compreender a ordem econômica constitucional e o direito do consumidor, em momento posterior, identificar como as correntes econômicas abordam o tema meio ambiente em seu esquema analítico, apontando para as principais divergências existentes entre as duas modalidades da economia do meio ambiente e, por fim, sobre o olhar das ramificações da economia (ambiental neoclássica e a ecológica) analisar o impacto  da questão ambiental nas relações de consumo, com ênfase no direito à educação para o consumo voltado à preservação ambiental – consumo sustentável. A pesquisa é qualitativa com método de análise dedutivo. O artigo é exploratório, com pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Como resultado, têm-se que o consumismo compromete os recursos naturais, se não forem tomadas medidas preventivas urgentes o meio ambiente corre perigo, o fortalecimento de práticas educativas dos consumidores para contribuir com a proteção dos recursos naturais fundamentado nas premissas da economia ecológica contribui para a preservação ambiental.
JOGOS DE AZAR E DE APOSTAS DE QUOTA FIXA ON-LINE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PROTEÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR-APOSTADOR
Authors: Stringari Pasqual Cristina , Manfroi Geórgia
Published: November 2024

Diante da presença inegável de jogos de azar e jogos de apostas de quota fixa no mundo virtual, o presente estudo busca analisar a matéria à luz do Direito do Consumidor. A atenção que a esfera jurídica tem dado à temática é recente. As novidades legislativas sobre a matéria geraram uma maior atenção à temática. Nesse sentido, buscou-se com o presente trabalho demonstrar que os direitos dos consumidores, no que concerne o mundo de apostas de quota fixa virtuais, devem ser observados para assim promover-se a tutela necessária a este público vulnerável.  A fim de se ter uma perspectiva ampliada sobre o assunto e sua complexidade, aplicou-se o procedimento bibliográfico - com consulta a obras, legislações e artigos científicos pertinentes ao tema.
Palavras-chave: Apostas on-line. Apostas de quota fixa. Direito do Consumidor.
Predicting Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis via Computed Tomography and Whole-Lung Analysis Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhao Zhifang , Duan Zhimei , Xie Fei
Published: November 2024

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a fatal adverse event of immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of methods to
identify patients who have a high risk of developing ICI-P in immunotherapy.

Purpose:

We aim at predicting the individualized risk of developing ICI-P by computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning to assist in personalized
immunotherapy planning.

Methods:

We first explored the prognostic value of the commonly used clinical factors. Moreover, we proposed a novel whole-lung analysis deep learning
(DL) model, which is constructed using a combination of Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet) and Feature Pyramid Networks
(FPN). This DL model mines global lung information from CT images for predicting the risk of developing ICI-P, and it is fully automated and
does not require manually annotating images. Finally, 157 patients were collected and randomly divided into training and testing sets for
performance evaluation.

Results:

In the testing set, the clinical model achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.710 and accuracy of 0.625. By mining global lung information,
the DL model achieved AUC=0.780 and accuracy=0.729 in the testing set, where the DL score revealed a significant difference between ICI-P and
non-ICI-P patients. Through deep learning visualization technique, we found that many areas outside of tumor (e.g., pleural retraction, pleural
effusion, and the abnormalities in vessels) are important for predicting the risk of developing ICI-P in immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

The whole-lung analysis DL model provides an easy-to-use method for identifying patients at high risk of developing ICI-P by CT images, which
is important for individualized treatment planning in immunotherapy. The performance improvement over the clinical model indicates that mining
whole-lung information in CT images is effective for prognostic prediction in immunotherapy.
ANALYSIS VIDEO BASED LEARNING DESIGN IN PRACTICE COURSE AT VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Puspitasari Feny , Pratama Mulki Rezka Budi
Published: November 2024

This study aims to design educational videos as video-based learning and determine the design that makes students more interested in paying attention to the distance learning process. If students want to pay attention to the material during the learning process, students will also get the maximum learning experience. The study was focused on the Department of Fashion at SMKN 1 Dawuan Subang to improve clarity. To obtain empirical data, this study used quantitative comparative with data collection using questionnaires with census sampling. The number of respondents is 22 students. The steps are input measurement design video with Bandicam and output measurement obtained from the evaluation results based on three elements for video design and implementation: cognitive load, student engagement, and active learning together. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results indicate that video-based learning using Bandicam was most effective in organizing tempo, but more attention must be paid to segmentation because the visualization video was formal and tended to be static. Further research should explore video-based learning using more engaging and dynamic applications like Prezi or similar tools.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF INTERFACING TYPES ON THE QUALITY OF VESTS
Authors: Chairunnisa Putri Rahma Amalya , Asiatun Kapti
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to determine the characteristics of cufner, mori gula, and tricot as interfacing on semi-silk material of Corak Insang Pontianak fabric, the quality of vest products used semi-silk material of Corak Insang Pontianak fabric with cufner, mori gula, and tricot. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a survey approach. The subject of this research was a vest design using semi-silk materials of Corak Insang Pontianak fabric with three types of interfacing. The study was repeated three times tests. Data collection used observation sheets by expert and trained panelists. Aiken’s V values were 0.94, and Cronbach's Alpha was 0.762, meaning the instrument was valid and reliable. Quality indicators were measured from surface flatness, adhesion strength, surface texture, material fall, and total look. The results of the quantitative data were analyzed using a descriptive test. The results showed that the characteristics of cufner as interfacing on semi-silk material of Corak Insang Pontianak fabric was more appropriate to be used on vest, because it could support product quality standards very well compared to mori gula and tricot; The quality of vest products used semi-silk material of Corak Insang Pontianak fabric with cufner got a percentage value of 88% with an excellent category, mori gula 70% with a suitable category, and tricot 78% with a good category. It could be concluded that interfacing gave the best results based on the indicators of product quality assessment of vests using semi-silk materials compared to tricot and mori gula.