bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct role of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 regulated de novo fatty acids synthesis in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Ou‐Yang Qing , Lin Xi‐Meng , Zhu Yan‐Jing , Zheng Bo , Li Liang , Yang Ying‐Cheng , Hou Guo‐Jun , Chen Xin , Luo Gui‐Juan , Huo Feng , Leng Qi‐Bin , Gonzalez Frank J. , Jiang Xiao‐Qing , Wang Hong‐Yang , Chen Lei
Published: September 2017

It is urgent that the means to improve liver regeneration (LR) be found, while mitigating the concurrent risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG). Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is a co‐repressor of nuclear receptors, which regulates the expression level of metabolic genes; however, little is known about its potential contribution for LR and HCG. Here, we found that liver‐specific NCoR1 knockout in mice (NCoR1Δhep
) dramatically enhances LR after partial hepatectomy and, surprisingly, blocks the process of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCG. Both RNA‐sequencing and metabolic assay results revealed improved expression of Fasn and Acc2 in NCoR1Δhep
mice, suggesting the critical role of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in LR. Continual enhanced de novo FAS in NCoR1Δhep
mice resulted in overwhelmed adenosine triphosphate ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) consumption and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which subsequently attenuated HCG through inducing apoptosis of hepatocytes at an early stage after DEN administration. Conclusion: NCoR1 functions as a negative modulator for hepatic de novo FAS and mitochondria energy adaptation, playing distinct roles in regeneration or carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:1071–1087)
Unhealthy complacency: The vulnerability of US hospitals to direct terrorist attacks
Authors: Finucane David J.
Published: September 2017

Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, terrorists have demonstrated both the intent and capability to execute direct attacks on US public hospitals. Nonetheless, hospital administrators have basically ignored this threat, as they do not view hospitals as likely targets. Unfortunately, it may take a catastrophic event before policymakers appreciate this threat enough to take appropriate actions. However, analyzing and managing these threats is just another part of risk management, as the cost of doing so up front to protect against such loss is no different than other risk management assessments. While the threat may never be completely eradicated, failing to implement reasonable security measures to specifically address the threat of direct terrorist attacks leaves hospitals vulnerable to severe loss.
Tobacco cultivation as a driver of land use change and degradation in the miombo woodlands of south‐west Tanzania
Authors: Jew Eleanor K.K. , Dougill Andrew J. , Sallu Susannah M.
Published: September 2017

Miombo woodlands support agriculture, biodiversity, and multiple ecosystem services across an extensive part of sub‐Saharan Africa. Miombo is frequently overutilised with deforestation and degradation resulting in significant land use and land cover change (LULCC). Understanding the drivers of LULCC is essential to achieving sustainable land management in miombo woodland regions. Within a remote miombo area of south‐west Tanzania in the Kipembawe Division, Mbeya Region, social survey and ecological data were used to identify the direct and indirect drivers of LULCC. Our findings show that tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) production results in an estimated annual deforestation rate of 4,134 ± 390 ha of undisturbed miombo woodland, of which 56.3 ± 11.8% is linked to the post‐harvest curing process. This deforestation represents 0.55 ± 0.06% of the wooded area of the Kipembawe Division. The perception of high incomes from tobacco cultivation has encouraged migration of both agriculturalists and pastoralists into the area, resulting in higher livestock numbers that lead to further degradation. Higher human populations need more woodland resources such as fuelwood and building materials and more farmland for food crops. Continued deforestation will reduce the long‐term profitability of tobacco cultivation due to a lack of fuel to cure the crop and could render production unviable. Action is urgently needed to conserve globally important biodiversity resources while enabling agricultural and pastoral activities to continue. Improved governance, together with sustainable land management strategies and diversification of livelihood strategies, can reduce dependence on tobacco cultivation and contribute to a sustainable future for this ecoregion.
Treatment of acne scarring with a novel fractionated, dual‐wavelength, picosecond‐domain laser incorporating a novel holographic beam‐splitter
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Schomacker Kevin T. , Basilavecchio Lisa D. , Plugis Jessica M. , Bhawalkar Jayant D.
Published: September 2017

Background and Objectives

Fractional treatment with a dual wavelength 1,064 and 532 nm picosecond‐domain laser, delivering a 10 × 10 array of highly focused beamlets via a holographic optic, was investigated for the treatment of acne scars.

Study

Twenty‐seven of 31 subjects completed the study, 19 were treated using 1,064 nm and 8 were treated at 532 nm, all having four‐monthly treatments. Blinded evaluation of digital images by three physician evaluators comparing pre‐ and 3‐month post‐treatment images measured efficacy using a 10‐point scale. Subject self‐assessment of treatment effects were also recorded. Safety was measured by recording subject discomfort scores and adverse effects.

Results

Blinded reviewers correctly identified the baseline image in 61 of the 81 image sets (75%), and baseline acne scar scores were 1.8 ± 0.7 and 1.8 ± 0.5 for the 1,064 and 532 nm cohorts, and decreased to 1.1 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001) and 1.1 ± 0.0 (P < 0.005), respectively. Post‐treatment erythema, mild edema, and petechiae were the only side effects noted.

Conclusion

The 1,064 and 532 nm picosecond‐domain laser incorporating a 10 × 10 holographic beam‐splitting handpiece was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of facial acne scars. The treatments were well tolerated and the subjects experienced little to no downtime. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:796–802, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Web‐accessible molecular modeling with Rosetta: The Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone (ROSIE)
Authors: Moretti Rocco , Lyskov Sergey , Das Rhiju , Meiler Jens , Gray Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2017

The Rosetta molecular modeling software package provides a large number of experimentally validated tools for modeling and designing proteins, nucleic acids, and other biopolymers, with new protocols being added continually. While freely available to academic users, external usage is limited by the need for expertise in the Unix command line environment. To make Rosetta protocols available to a wider audience, we previously created a web server called Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone (ROSIE), which provides a common environment for hosting web‐accessible Rosetta protocols. Here we describe a simplification of the ROSIE protocol specification format, one that permits easier implementation of Rosetta protocols. Whereas the previous format required creating multiple separate files in different locations, the new format allows specification of the protocol in a single file. This new, simplified protocol specification has more than doubled the number of Rosetta protocols available under ROSIE. These new applications include pKa determination, lipid accessibility calculation, ribonucleic acid redesign, protein‐protein docking, protein‐small molecule docking, symmetric docking, antibody docking, cyclic toxin docking, critical binding peptide determination, and mapping small molecule binding sites. ROSIE is freely available to academic users at http://rosie.rosettacommons.org.
Simultaneous Modeling of Biomarker and Toxicity Response Predicted Optimal Regimen of Guadecitabine (SGI‐110) in Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Xu Cong , Goggin Timothy K. , Su Xiang‐Yao , Taverna Pietro , Oganesian Aram , Lowder James N. , Azab Mohammad , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: September 2017

Guadecitabine (SGI‐110) is a novel next‐generation hypomethylating agent (HMA) administered as s.c. injection with extended decitabine exposure. Dose/exposure‐response analyses of longitudinal measures of long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 (LINE‐1) methylation and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) pooled from 79 and 369 patients in 2 phase I/II trials, respectively, were performed to assist, through modeling and simulation, the selection of dosing regimens for phase III. Simulation of ANC predicted a decrease after a 5‐day regimen of 60 mg/m2 with partial recovery before the next cycle, whereas the nadir of 90 mg/m2 on the same schedule was below 100/µl. ANC following a 60 mg/m2 10‐day regimen was predicted to be suppressed below 100/µl as long as treatment continued without recovery. The developed models provided useful tools to assist simultaneous evaluation of the relative dynamics of the two effects (DNA demethylation and the effect on ANC).
Fine‐scale numerical analysis of the sensitivity of the HyMeX IOP16a heavy precipitating event to the turbulent mixing‐length parametrization
Authors: Martinet M. , Nuissier O. , Duffourg F. , Ducrocq V. , Ricard D.
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the issue of turbulence representation in the ‘grey zone’ at a sub‐kilometric scale (500 m) and analyses the sensitivity of the simulated convective systems, their mesoscale environments and their triggering mechanisms. Special attention is paid to a case of heavy precipitation (IOP16a), which occurred on 26 October 2012 and was well documented during the HyMeX SOP1. To this end, sensitivity experiments were performed with the mesoscale non‐hydrostatic French model Meso‐NH to investigate the impact of different mixing‐length formulations at a sub‐kilometric scale. The simulations succeeded in representing the observed precipitation systems and the principal mechanisms of maintenance and formation such as low‐level convergence and the low‐level cold pool. Spatial precipitation distribution and system evolution are fairly well reproduced with a realistic surface rainfall pattern. However the simulated environment and convective processes are highly sensitive to the formulation of the mixing length. The developing and mature stage are similarly reproduced. Nevertheless the intensity of the low‐level cold pool depends on the simulation. When the mixing length is larger, sub‐grid turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is larger, and the moisture advection and the accumulation of the hydrometeor species is reduced; in this case the system is less intense with less precipitation. Conversely, when the mixing length is weaker, sub‐grid TKE is weaker and winds are increased to balance this effect. The simulated convective systems are more intense associated with larger moisture advection, higher hydrometeor contents and marked low‐level cold pools.
Critical Systems Thinking Review on Decentralized Drinking Water Management in Nauli City, Indonesia
Authors: Simbolon Jackwin
Published: September 2017

This paper is based on a PhD project that strives to assess the performance of decentralised drinking water management in the city of Nauli, Indonesia. The implementation of decentralised government system followed by decentralizing some functions including drinking water services, is unsatisfactory in providing access to drinking water for all residents in the city of Nauli. Nauli Municipality that has just split up as an autonomous local government under the decentralized government system in Indonesia, is facing conflicts in providing water provision to the society, since there are three public water companies in this region: PDAM of Nauli City, PDAM of Nauli District, and BLUD of the Samsoir Provincial Government. Furthermore, these governments and water companies seem to forget the main objective of government in water provision as stated in the Indonesia Constitution: to fully control the water and manage it for meeting the people's needs. The aim of this research is to apply Ulrich's critical systems heuristics (CSH) to address the following research questions: (i) how effective is the current decentralized water management system?; and (ii) how the current system can be improved and what ought to be done? Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on educational process mining
Authors: Bogarín Alejandro , Cerezo Rebeca , Romero Cristóbal
Published: September 2017

Educational process mining (EPM) is an emerging field in educational data mining (EDM) aiming to make unexpressed knowledge explicit and to facilitate better understanding of the educational process. EPM uses log data gathered specifically from educational environments in order to discover, analyze, and provide a visual representation of the complete educational process. This paper introduces EPM and elaborates on some of the potential of this technology in the educational domain. It also describes some other relevant, related areas such as intentional mining, sequential pattern mining and graph mining. It highlights the components of an EPM framework and it describes the different challenges when handling event logs and other generic issues. It describes the data, tools, techniques and models used in EPM. In addition, the main work in this area is described and grouped by educational application domains. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1230. doi: 10.1002/widm.1230

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry

Application Areas > Education and Learning

Application Areas > Government and Public Sector
Retropharyngeal Parathyroid Glands: Important Differences
Authors: Gallagher James W. , Kelley Meghan L. , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E. , McCoy Kelly L.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), parathyroid ectopia is seen in up to 22% leading to more difficult surgery. We aimed to determine the rate and characteristics of retropharyngeal (RP) parathyroid glands.

Methods

A prospective database was queried for patients with sporadic PHPT who had surgery from 1997 to 2016. The data of RP patients were compared to those who had surgery for sporadic PHPT over the same time period with hyperfunctioning parathyroids in anatomically normal positions (N).

Results

RP glands occurred in 47/3006 (1.6%) patients and were more common at reoperative than initial surgery (5.5 vs 1.4%, p < 0.01). RP patients had prior failed surgery more often than N patients (17 vs 3.1%, p < 0.01). Preoperative calcium levels (p = 0.06), PTH levels (p = 0.15), and mean gland weights (p = 0.07) were similar among groups. For RP glands, ultrasound imaging was negative in all but one patient, while 99mTc‐sestamibi accurately indicated a posterior midline position in only 13/47 (28%) and was negative in 21%. All RP glands were anatomically superior. RP patients more often required > 1 post‐resection intraoperative PTH level (36 vs 21%, p = 0.02). Failure due to persistent PHPT was more likely in RP patients (4.7 vs 2.1%, p = 0.2).

Conclusion

In PHPT, hyperfunctioning RP glands are seen in 1.6% of cases and often associated with initial failure (17%). At reoperation, RP ectopia is 4X more common. RP glands are associated with a high rate of negative imaging, but imaging results suggestive of a midline abnormality can guide exploration. The RP space should be evaluated prior to ending an otherwise unfruitful surgery.
Recreational and Commercial Catfishing Injuries: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kaar Courtney R.J. , Nakanishi Albert K.
Published: September 2017

Catfish injuries are increasingly common from the recreational activities of hobbyists, fishermen, and “noodling” enthusiasts as well as in the commercial catfish industry, most commonly in Brazil. Injuries can range from mild skin abrasions to life-threatening infections and tissue damage requiring urgent treatment. Most injuries and subsequent morbidity associated with catfish encounters involve the dorsal and pectoral fins. These injuries are most often lacerations involving the upper extremities. Deep, penetrating catfish spine injuries can lead to serious injuries, including arterial and nerve lacerations. Catfish venom is released when a spine is torn. The venom may cause reactions that include erythema, edema, local hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and muscle contractions. When “finned” by a catfish, the fish’s spine may separate from the fish, which can cause a foreign body embedment. Some injuries are not thought to be severe enough at the time of injury to require medical care, although symptoms may arise years later. In this literature review of catfishing injuries, references were obtained through a PubMed search of the following terms: catfish injuries, fishing, envenomation, spine, and aquatic infection. Articles were chosen for citation based on pertinence to the topic of catfishing.
The Linguistic Past in Twelfth-Century Britain
Authors: Harris Sara
Published: September 2017

How was the complex history of Britain's languages understood by twelfth-century authors? This book argues that the social, political and linguistic upheavals that occurred in the wake of the Norman Conquest intensified later interest in the historicity of languages. An atmosphere of enquiry fostered vernacular literature's prestige and led to a newfound sense of how ancient languages could be used to convey historical claims. The vernacular hence became an important site for the construction and memorialisation of dynastic, institutional and ethnic identities. This study demonstrates the breadth of interest in the linguistic past across different social groups and the striking variety of genre used to depict it, including romance, legal translation, history, poetry and hagiography. Through a series of detailed case studies, Sara Harris shows how specific works represent key aspects of the period's imaginative engagement with English, Brittonic, Latin and French language development.
Horocycle flow orbits and lattice surface characterizations
Authors: CHAIKA JON , LINDSEY KATHRYN
Published: September 2017

The orbit closure of any translation surface under the horocycle flow in almost any direction equals its$\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{R})$orbit closure. This result gives rise to new characterizations of lattice surfaces in terms of the horocycle flow.
Sequential Aminopyralid and Imazapyr Applications for Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) Management
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , White Scott N. , Larsen Todd
Published: September 2017

Japanese knotweed is an invasive plant that occurs along waterways, highways, abandoned agricultural land, and other disturbed areas. It reduces plant diversity and can increase shoreline erosion. An experiment was conducted in Bible Hill and Antigonish, NS, Canada to evaluate early POST aminopyralid at 120 g ae ha−1and POST imazapyr applications at 720 g ae ha−1at maximum shoot height, flowering, senescence, maximum height+flowering, maximum height+senescence, flowering+senescence, and maximum height+flowering+senescence. Early POST aminopyralid only provided 10% to 15% control at 52 wk after treatment (WAT) whereas 83% to 100% control occurred following imazapyr applications at all application timings. Percent control at 2, 4, and 8 WAT tended to be higher where imazapyr followed aminopyralid. By 52 WAT, equivalent damage ratings and reductions in stem density occurred at both sites in all plots where imazapyr was applied. The use of aminopyralid or multiple imazapyr applications provided no additional benefit over a single imazapyr application. We conclude that early POST aminopyralid suppresses knotweed growth, which should facilitate late-season imazapyr applications, especially in large stands.
Wind tunnel experiments: saltation is necessary for wind-packing
Authors: SOMMER CHRISTIAN G. , LEHNING MICHAEL , FIERZ CHARLES
Published: September 2017

Wind-packed snow in the form of slabs or crusts is an important part of alpine and polar snow covers. Yet, the formation process of such layers is poorly understood. For example, it remains unclear whether drifting snow is necessary for wind-packing or not. A better understanding of wind-packing could improve snow-cover models and avalanche danger forecasts and contribute to the assessment of mass balances in polar regions. We designed a closed-circuit, obround wind tunnel to study the process of wind crust formation. A SnowMicroPen was used to measure how the hardness of the snow evolved. The results show that no crust forms without saltation. Drifting snow is a necessary but not sufficient condition for wind-packing. The dynamics of erosion and deposition appear to be equally important.
HYPERBOLIC 3-MANIFOLDS AND CLUSTER ALGEBRAS
Authors: NAGAO KENTARO , TERASHIMA YUJI , YAMAZAKI MASAHITO
Published: September 2017

We advocate the use of cluster algebras and their
$y$
-variables in the study of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We study hyperbolic structures on the mapping tori of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes of punctured surfaces, and show that cluster
$y$
-variables naturally give the solutions of the edge-gluing conditions of ideal tetrahedra. We also comment on the completeness of hyperbolic structures.
Paradise for Whom? Conservatism and Progress in the Perception of Rio de Janeiro's Drinking-Water Supply, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: POETTERING JORUN
Published: September 2017

This article examines the ways in which the perception of Rio de Janeiro's drinking water contributed to shaping the city's hydric management in colonial and imperial times. Even though the general assessment of climate and vegetation changed from paradisiacal to noxious in the second half of the eighteenth century in accordance with Enlightenment ideas, this had no effect on the locals’ appreciation of the city's drinking water. The criteria for evaluating the quality and quantity of available water were based on works from classical antiquity and remained essentially unchanged from early colonial times to the end of the empire. Not even population growth and increasing susceptibility to epidemics in the nineteenth century induced the authorities to reform the water supply system, as they were confident that the city was provided with good and abundant water by virtue of its natural predisposition.
Transmission of alcohol use disorder across three generations: a Swedish National Study
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K.
Published: September 2017

Background

While risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is correlated in twins, siblings and parent-offspring pairs, we know little of how this syndrome is transmitted across three generations.

Method

We examined 685 172 individuals born in Sweden from 1980 to 1990 with four grandparents, and both parents alive in 1980. AUD was assessed in all these individuals from nationwide medical, criminal and pharmacy registries.

Results

AUD was stably transmitted across three generations. Parent-child and grandparent-grandchild tetrachoric correlations equaled +0.25 and +0.12, respectively. Grandchild AUD risk did not vary as a function of the sex of the parent or grandparent. However, from grandparents and parents, transmission to grandchildren was stronger in same-sex than opposite-sex pairs. Compared with a grandchild with unaffected parents and grandparents, risk for AUD with a grandparent but no parent affected, a parent but no grandparent affected or both affected increased approximately 70% and 3 and 4-fold, respectively. Grandchildren with ⩾2 grandparents affected had a 40% greater AUD risk than those with only one affected. Tetrachoric correlations for AUD between offspring and great-aunts/uncles, and aunts/uncles equaled +0.06 and +0.13, respectively.

Conclusions

The transmission of AUD in Sweden across three generations is relatively stable. An orderly pattern of resemblance is seen with correlations declining by approximately 50% between first and second, and second and third-degree relatives. While the transmission of risk from affected male and female relatives does not differ, we find consistent evidence for greater resemblance in same-sexv.opposite-sex across generational pairs of relatives.
Auditory hallucinations across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maijer K. , Begemann M. J. H. , Palmen S. J. M. C. , Leucht S. , Sommer I. E. C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Auditory Hallucinations (AH) are nowadays regarded as symptoms following a continuum; from a (transient) phenomenon in healthy individuals on one end to a symptom of (psychiatric) illnesses at the other. An accumulating number of epidemiological studies focused on the prevalence of AH in the general population, but results vary widely. The current meta-analysis aims to synthesize existing evidence on lifetime prevalence of AH across the lifespan.

Methods

We conducted a quantitative review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were combined to calculate a mean lifetime general population AH prevalence rate. Moreover, prevalences were calculated for four age groups: children (5–12 years), adolescents (13–17 years), adults (18–60 years) and elderly (⩾60 years).

Results

We retrieved 25 study samples including 84 711 participants. Mean lifetime prevalence rate of AH was 9.6% (95% CI 6.7–13.6%). The mean lifetime prevalence was similar in children (12.7%) and adolescents (12.4%), but these two groups differed significantly from the adults (5.8%) and the elderly (4.5%). Significant heterogeneity indicated that there is still dispersion in true prevalence rates between studies, even within the different age categories.

Conclusions

Current meta-analysis shows that AH are quite common (up to one in ten individuals) in the general population during lifetime, with children and adolescents reporting these experiences significantly more often compared with adults and elderly. Large follow-up studies on the longitudinal course of AH are needed to reveal associated risk and resilience factors.
Considering the (separable) influences of phonological sensitivity and working memory on language learning outcomes
Authors: Archibald Lisa M. D.
Published: September 2017

In their keynote article examining links between early experience, phonological working memory, and language outcomes, Pierce, Genessee, Delcenserie, and Morgan (2017) present, what I argue, is a two-pronged hypothesis. In brief, the thesis is that the timing of language exposure and the quality and quantity of language input during an early sensitive period of phonological development shape the quality of phonological representations later used by the phonological working memory system to support short- and long-term language learning. The hypothesis is two-pronged because it hinges on (a) qualitative differences in the development of phonological representations, resulting in (b) variations in the efficiency of working memory as the key constraint on language learning. In this commentary, I examine support for these two prongs in detail.
A minimal mechanism of the bilingual advantage
Authors: Hsin Lisa
Published: September 2017

Looking to atypical populations to illuminate the functioning of core cognitive systems has a long history in the behavioral sciences (e.g., Caramazza, 1986; McCloskey, 1992). Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan (2017) continue that tradition in their keynote article, here by shedding light on how the development of phonological working memory (PWM) may be shaped not only by individual genetic variation but also by various features of the language acquisition context, whether that context is enriched, as in bilingualism; delayed, as with cochlear implantation (CI) or international adoption (IA); or impoverished, as with deaf children of hearing parents or repeat cases of otitis media. Their review of the literature demonstrates that a sensitive (/critical) period for phonological development, encompassing variation in quality, quantity, and timing of early exposure, has crucial consequences for an individual's level of PWM attainment and, by a compelling extension, for aspects of ongoing language development such as vocabulary learning and reading skills.
The importance of grain size in phonology and the possibility that phonological working memory is epiphenomenal
Authors: Juffs Alan
Published: September 2017

Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan have provided an innovative and thought-provoking juxtaposition of the putative role played by phonological working memory (PWM) in explaining individual and group differences among early internationally adopted (IA) children, deaf children with cochlear implants, simultaneous and sequential bilinguals, children who are learning sign languages, and children with otitis media. This novel comparison suggests that adequate exposure to phonology before 12 months of age is key in the development of improved PWM. Consequently, long-term linguistic advantages in vocabulary and learning of morphosyntax arise, but not advantages in other areas of higher cognition. One significant implication of the review is that although many intriguing links exist between language development and PWM, irrefutable conclusions elude the field as to the directionality of a causal relationship between phonological development, other linguistic development, and PWM. In this commentary, I should like to make the somewhat controversial proposal (Gathercole, 2006, and commentaries) that the evidence presented points to PWM being an epiphenomenon arising out of individual differences in the robustness and richness of phonological representations themselves. The authors hinted several times at the tantalizing relationship between phonology and PWM, but they do not articulate explicitly that PWM could be a redundant construct. I also offer some proposals as to how one might test this suggestion experimentally or in a corpus of child language.
Interpreting phonological memory performance in bilinguals
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita
Published: September 2017

The central hypothesis in the Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan article is that phonological memory is key to explaining the relationship between early language experience (more specifically, less and more optimal ends of the language-experience continuum) and language learning outcomes. One piece of evidence offered is that phonological memory skills are enhanced by bilingualism, with bilingualism representing enriched experience. Here, I propose that data from bilingual children may contradict Pierce et al.’s central hypothesis, rather than support it.
Commentary on Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan
Authors: Thiessen Erik , Girard Sandrine
Published: September 2017

Early linguistic experiences are intimately tied to later language learning outcomes (e.g., Chilosi et al., 2013; Kaushanskaya & Marian, 2009b). The underlying neural and cognitive processes mediating this relationship remain unclear. Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan (2017) propose that the phonological working memory (PWM) system is the critical component responsible for linking early linguistic experiences to later language development. Their argument arises from research demonstrating that exposure to linguistic input early in life shapes the kinds of phonological representations that are formed about the sounds within one's native language (Kuhl, 2004; Majerus et al., 2005; Mody, Schwartz, Gravel, & Ruben, 1999; Nittrouer & Burton, 2005). These phonological representations, which the authors believe to be created and stored using the PWM system (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989), are highly predictive of later language outcomes (Bernhardt, Kemp, & Werker, 2007; Kuhl, 2010; Molfese & Molfese, 1985; Tsao, Liu, & Kuhl, 2004). Explaining language development via memory processes has many benefits. For instance, drawing on a large extant literature on memory-related processes allows researchers to make novel predictions about language learning, especially in regard to its connections to other kinds of learning (e.g., Gathercole, 2006). Identifying PWM as a key driver to language development is a useful insight likely to generate much further research, but it may not go far enough in tying language acquisition to more domain-general aspects of the human cognitive architecture. We believe that a complete account of language will require consideration of additional aspects of the human cognitive architecture working alongside the PWM system.
A Robust and Efficient 3D LADAR Odometer with Outlier Detection
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Uijt de Haag Maarten
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses the estimation algorithms for Three-Dimensional (3D) displacement and 3D rotation using Two-Dimensional (2D) laser scanners. An efficient outlier detection method is proposed for both algorithms to help protect the integrity of navigation. The algorithms have been evaluated using both simulation and field test results. They are able to produce a robust odometry solution for an autonomous aircraft in an indoor environment.
On geometry of interaction for polarized linear logic
Authors: HAMANO MASAHIRO , SCOTT PHILIP
Published: September 2017

We present Geometry of Interaction (GoI) models for Multiplicative Polarized Linear Logic, MLLP, which is the multiplicative fragment of Olivier Laurent's Polarized Linear Logic. This is done by uniformly adding multi-points to various categorical models of GoI. Multi-points are shown to play an essential role in semantically characterizing the dynamics of proof networks in polarized proof theory. For example, they permit us to characterize the key feature of polarization, focusing, as well as being fundamental to our construction of concrete polarized GoI models.

Our approach to polarized GoI involves following two independent studies, based on different categorical perspectives of GoI:

(i)

Inspired by the work of Abramsky, Haghverdi and Scott, a polarized GoI situation is defined in which multi-points are added to a traced monoidal category equipped with a reflexive object U. Using this framework, categorical versions of Girard's execution formula are defined, as well as the GoI interpretation of MLLP proofs. Running the execution formula is shown to characterize the focusing property (and thus polarities) as well as the dynamics of cut elimination.

(ii)

The Int construction of Joyal–Street–Verity is another fundamental categorical structure for modelling GoI. Here, we investigate it in a multi-pointed setting. Our presentation yields a compact version of Hamano–Scott's polarized categories, and thus denotational models of MLLP. These arise from a contravariant duality between monoidal categories of positive and negative objects, along with an appropriate bimodule structure (representing ‘non-focused proofs’) between them.

Finally, as a special case of (ii) above, a compact model of MLLP is also presented based on Rel (the category of sets and relations) equipped with multi-points.
Die Relevanz der Ausbildung für den späteren Einsatz von Expositionsverfahren in der therapeutischen Praxis
Authors: Broicher Thomas , Gerlach Alexander L. , Neudeck Peter
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Obwohl empirische Belege für Expositionsmethoden sprechen, werden diese in der Praxis zu wenig eingesetzt. Fragestellung: Es wurden Faktoren auf individueller und institutioneller Ebene identifiziert, welche für eine spätere Anwendung von Expositionsmethoden in der Praxis relevant sind und im deutschen Ausbildungssystem untersucht. Methode: Insgesamt wurden 20 Ausbildungsinstitute und 398 Absolvent_innen befragt. Mit einer Multilevelanalyse wurde die Relevanz verschiedener Faktoren geprüft. Ergebnisse: Auf individueller Ebene waren Ausbildungstyp (KiJu vs. Erwachsene) und inhaltliche Aspekte (z. B. die Einstellung zu Expositionsmethoden) für den späteren Expositionseinsatz wichtig. Auf institutioneller Ebene war eine universitäre Anbindung der Ausbildungsinstitute relevant. Schlussfolgerungen: Innerhalb der Ausbildung trägt die vermehrte Vermittlung von sowohl störungs- als auch methodenspezifischem Wissen zur Verwendung von Expositionsverfahren bei. Absolventen und deren spätere Patienten profitieren von praktischer Übung der Methodik, vor allem dann, wenn realistische Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit und Umsetzbarkeit der Methode entwickelt werden.
Erfassung störungsaufrechterhaltender Komponenten sozialer Angst bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Eltern- und Selbsturteil
Authors: Perri Daniela , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Breuer Dieter , Lerner Tatjana , Döpfner Manfred
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Fragebogen zur Erfassung störungsaufrechterhaltender Komponenten sozialer Angst bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (FESKA) erhebt kognitive, behaviorale und interaktionelle Komponenten sozialer Angststörungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen 4 und 14 Jahren. Fragestellung: Der FESKA wird im Eltern- (N = 259) und Selbsturteil (N = 159) an einer kombinierten Feld- und klinischen Stichprobe untersucht. Methode: Überprüft werden faktorielle Validität, Reliabilität und Aspekte divergenter und konvergenter Validität. Ergebnisse: Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen bestätigen das zugrundeliegende dreifaktorielle Bedingungsmodell. Interne Konsistenzen der Gesamtskalen und der Komponentenskalen sind zufriedenstellend, ihre Wiederholungszuverlässigkeiten sind für das Selbsturteil bedingt und für das Elternurteil nicht zufriedenstellend. Die Korrelationen der Skalen zwischen den Beurteilern fallen geringer als erwartet aus. Die konvergente Validität kann bestätigt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Limitationen bestätigen die Befunde die Verwendung des FESKA in Klinik und Forschung.
Tackling Chaos and Nonlinearity with Order and Straight Talk
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce , Morales George , Pouquet Annick
Published: September 2017

The Nonlinear Wave and Chaos Workshop 2017 (NWCW17); San Diego, California, 20–24 March 2017
Energy stress-induced lncRNA FILNC1 represses c-Myc-mediated energy metabolism and inhibits renal tumor development
Authors: Xiao Zhen-Dong , Han Leng , Lee Hyemin , Zhuang Li , Zhang Yilei , Baddour Joelle , Nagrath Deepak , Wood Christopher G. , Gu Jian , Wu Xifeng , Liang Han , Gan Boyi
Published: September 2017

The roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancer metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we identify FILNC1 (FoxO-induced long non-coding RNA 1) as an energy stress-induced long non-coding RNA by FoxO transcription factors. FILNC1 deficiency in renal cancer cells alleviates energy stress-induced apoptosis and markedly promotes renal tumor development. We show that FILNC1 deficiency leads to enhanced glucose uptake and lactate production through upregulation of c-Myc. Upon energy stress, FILNC1 interacts with AUF1, a c-Myc mRNA-binding protein, and sequesters AUF1 from binding c-Myc mRNA, leading to downregulation of c-Myc protein. FILNC1 is specifically expressed in kidney, and is downregulated in renal cell carcinoma; also, its low expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in renal cell carcinoma. Together, our study not only identifies FILNC1 as a negative regulator of renal cancer with potential clinical value, but also reveals a regulatory mechanism by long non-coding RNAs to control energy metabolism and tumor development.
Beta Trace Protein does not outperform Creatinine and Cystatin C in estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older Adults
Authors: Ebert Natalie , Koep Camilla , Schwarz Kristin , Martus Peter , Mielke Nina , Bartel Jan , Kuhlmann Martin , Gaedeke Jens , Toelle Markus , van der Giet Markus , Schuchardt Mirjam , Schaeffner Elke
Published: September 2017

Despite intense research the optimal endogenous biomarker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation has not been identified yet. We analyzed if ß-trace protein (BTP) improved GFR estimation in elderly. 566 participants aged 70+ from the population-based Berlin Initiative Study were included in a cross-sectional validation study. BTP, standardized creatinine and cystatin C were measured in participants with iohexol clearance measurement as gold standard method for measured GFR (mGFR). In a double logarithmic linear model prediction of mGFR by BTP was assessed. Analyses with BTP only and combined with creatinine and cystatin C were performed. Additionally, performance of GFR estimating equations was compared to mGFR. We found that the combination of all three biomarkers showed the best prediction of mGFR (r2 = 0.83), whereat the combination of creatinine and cystatin C provided only minimally diverging results (r2 = 0.82). Single usage of BTP showed worst prediction (r2 = 0.67) within models with only one biomarker. Subgroup analyses (arterial hypertension, diabetes, body mass index ≤23 and >30) demonstrated a slight additional benefit of including BTP into the prediction model for diabetic, hypertensive and lean patients. Among BTP-containing GFR equations the Inker BTP-based equation showed superior performance. Especially the use of cystatin C renders the addition of BTP unnecessary.
Potential humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization
Authors: Gedik Nilgün , Kottenberg Eva , Thielmann Matthias , Frey Ulrich H. , Jakob Heinz , Peters Jürgen , Heusch Gerd , Kleinbongard Petra
Published: September 2017

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion may reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve patients‘ prognosis after elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation in left ventricular myocardium is associated with RIPC´s cardioprotection. Cytokines and growth hormones typically activate STATs and could therefore act as humoral transfer factors of RIPC´s cardioprotection. We here determined arterial plasma concentrations of 25 different cytokines, growth hormones, and other factors which have previously been associated with cardioprotection, before (baseline)/after RIPC or placebo (n = 23/23), respectively, and before/after ischemic cardioplegic arrest in CABG patients. RIPC-induced protection was reflected by a 35% reduction of serum troponin I release. With the exception of interleukin-1α, none of the humoral factors changed in their concentrations after RIPC or placebo, respectively. Interleukin-1α, when normalized to baseline, increased after RIPC (280 ± 56%) but not with placebo (97 ± 15%). The interleukin-1α concentration remained increased until after ischemic cardioplegic arrest and was also higher than with placebo in absolute concentrations (25 ± 6 versus 16 ± 3 pg/mL). Only interleukin-1α possibly fulfills the criteria which would be expected from a substance to be released in response to RIPC and to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardioplegic arrest.
Single-cell screening of multiple biophysical properties in leukemia diagnosis from peripheral blood by pure light scattering
Authors: Dannhauser David , Rossi Domenico , Ripaldi Mimmo , Netti Paolo A. , Causa Filippo
Published: September 2017

Histology and histopathology are based on the morphometric observations of quiescent cells. Their diagnostic potential could largely benefit from a simultaneous screening of intrinsic biophysical properties at single-cell level. For such a purpose, we analyzed light scattering signatures of individual mononuclear blood cells in microfluidic flow. In particular, we extracted a set of biophysical properties including morphometric (dimension, shape and nucleus-to-cytosol ratio) and optical (optical density) ones to clearly discriminate different cell types and stages. By considering distinctive ranges of biophysical properties along with the obtained relative cell frequencies, we can identify unique cell classes corresponding to specific clinical conditions (p < 0.01). Based on such a straightforward approach, we are able to discriminate T-, B-lymphocytes, monocytes and beyond that first results on different stages of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells are presented. This work shows that the simultaneous screening of only three biophysical properties enables a clear distinction between pathological and physiological mononuclear blood stream cells. We believe our approach could represent a useful tool for a label-free analysis of biophysical single-cell signatures.
Autism is associated with reduced ability to interpret grasping actions of others
Authors: Turi Marco , Muratori Filippo , Tinelli Francesca , Morrone Maria Concetta , Burr David C.
Published: September 2017

We investigated the ability of children with ASD to discriminate a small cylinder from a large cube by observing a point-light movie of an actor grasping the object, either from an allocentric or egocentric viewpoint (observing action of others or self). Compared with typically developing controls, high functioning autistic children showed a strong selective impairment in this task, but only with the allocentric viewpoint, where thresholds were twice as high: egocentric thresholds were similar to age- and ability-matched controls. The magnitude of the impairment correlated strongly with the degree of symptomology (R2 = 0.5). The results suggest that children with ASD might be impaired in their ability to predict and infer the consequences of others’ movements, which could be related to the social-communicative deficits often reported in autism.
Global misregulation of genes largely uncoupled to DNA methylome epimutations characterizes a congenital overgrowth syndrome
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Hagen Darren E. , Ji Tieming , Elsik Christine G. , Rivera Rocío M.
Published: September 2017

Assisted reproductive therapies (ART) have become increasingly common worldwide and numerous retrospective studies have indicated that ART-conceived children are more likely to develop the overgrowth syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS). In bovine, the use of ART can induce a similar overgrowth condition, which is referred to as large offspring syndrome (LOS). Both BWS and LOS involve misregulation of imprinted genes. However, it remains unknown whether molecular alterations at non-imprinted loci contribute to these syndromes. Here we examined the transcriptome of skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of control and LOS bovine fetuses and found that different tissues within LOS fetuses have perturbations of distinct gene pathways. Notably, in skeletal muscle, multiple pathways involved in myoblast proliferation and fusion into myotubes are misregulated in LOS fetuses. Further, characterization of the DNA methylome of skeletal muscle demonstrates numerous local methylation differences between LOS and controls; however, only a small percent of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the imprinted gene IGF2R, could be associated with the neighboring differentially methylated regions. In summary, we not only show that misregulation of non-imprinted genes and loss-of-imprinting characterize the ART-induced overgrowth syndrome but also demonstrate that most of the DEGs is not directly associated with DNA methylome epimutations.
pH-Sensing fluorescence oligonucleotide probes based on an i-motif scaffold: a review
Authors: Dembska Anna , Bielecka Patrycja , Juskowiak Bernard
Published: September 2017

Fluorescent i-motif based sensors as promising tools for cellular pH-sensing and bioimaging.
Carbon oxidation reactions could misguide the evaluation of carbon black-based oxygen-evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Wang , Luo Jin , Chen Shengli
Published: September 2017

Carbon may suffer severe oxidation during OER, leading to overestimation of the activity of carbon-black based electrocatalysts towards OER.
A method of packaging molecule/cell-patterns in an open space into a glass microfluidic channel by combining pressure-based low/room temperature bonding and fluorosilane patterning
Authors: Funano Shun-ichi , Ota Nobutoshi , Sato Asako , Tanaka Yo
Published: September 2017

A fabrication method of a “post-molecule/cell patterned” glass microchip was developed by pressure-based bonding and patterning with a fluorosilane coupling reagent.