bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educating Youth Against Tobacco Advertising: A Media Literacy Approach for Reducing Indonesia's Replacement Smokers
Authors: Astuti Santi Indra
Published: December 2017

According to recent data extracted from Global Tobacco Atlas (2015), about 66% Indonesian male aged no less than 15 years old are active smokers.  It means 2 among 3 Indonesian male are smokers. The number of young smokers arose significantly. Smokers among 15-19 years old has increased 17 % each year, meanwhile, baby smokers among 5-9 years old has multiplied 400 %. These figures implied the rise of health risk among Indonesians.  The tobacco industry tries every year to recruit young people to replace those current smokers who are dying or quitting. This youth being targeted by tobacco industry is called ‘replacement smokers’, and is lured to start smoking through the work of advertising and creative marketing strategy. A study carried out by Health Ministry of Indonesia showed that 70% youth were started to smoke after heavily exposed by cigarette advertising. In order to break tobacco advertising spell, a brand jamming strategy based on media literacy approach was conducted toward junior high school pupils.  By educating them about advertising-behind-the scene and challenging them to creatively produce a ‘mocking’ version of popular tobacco ads, students now are capable enough to deconstructing the real message behind tobacco ads.
Penerimaan Teman Sebaya, Kesepian, dan Kecanduan Bermain Gim Daring pada Remaja di Jakarta
Authors: Prabowo Octavianus , Juneman Juneman
Published: December 2017

Indonesia’s youth has been facing several significant problems such as drug addiction and online-video games addiction. The Indonesia Manual for Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders (PPDGJ III) has not yet included diagnosis criteria for online-video games addiction. This research was the first to find the relationship between online-video games addiction with a predictor that is peer-acceptance and a mediator variable that is loneliness. Path analysis with Structural Equation Model was applied to 133 sample data of Jakartan teenagers aged 12-18. The result showed that hypothesized research model was suitable to the empirical data (÷2 = 1,56; p > 0,05; GFI > 0,90). If the addicted teenagers perceived that they are not accepted by their peers, followed by strong feelings of loneliness, this psychological situation worsened their addiction to online-video games.
Hubungan antara Intensitas Dzikir dengan Kecerdasan Emosional
Authors: Kusdiyati Sulisworo , Ma’arif Bambang Saiful , Rahayu Makmuroh Sri
Published: December 2017

The purpose  of this study was to gain empirical data about  correlation  between  dzikir intensity after pray /shalat  and emotional intelligence on students of SMU X and SMU Y in Bandung. This study used correlational method. The  benefit of this study  was  to bring information to both school about the dzikir intensity and emotional intelligence of its pupil. Hypothesis of this study was  the lower dzikir intensity after pray the lower emotional intelligence. To collecting data was used dzikir quesioner which consructed based on dzikir theory and emotional intelligence quesioner which constructed based on Goleman theory. Both of data was ordinal data,  so the Rank Spearman correlation technique was used to analyze the data. The result was indicate that there is correlation between dzikir intensity and emotional intelligence.  It means the lower dzikir intensity after pray the lower emotional intelligence.
Otonomi Daerah sebagai Instrumen Pertumbuhan Kesejahteraan dan Peningkatan Kerjasama Antardaerah
Authors: Surkati Achmad
Published: December 2017

Regional autonomy legislation in terms of organizing his administration can not be separated by the application of the prinsiple of decentralization, deconcentrationand Co-principle (Medebewind). Basic Act 1945 section 18, 18 A andB, where the division ofthisarea are givenautonomy to takecare of their own household. Zoning will be associated with geography and the potential in each region that are not comparable. Application of the principle of local autonomy in order to keep the Republik of Indonesia between central goverment and local goverment. Therefore, the question is how the application of the principle of regional cooperation can improve the welfare andinter-national regions with the potential conditions that are not comparableas the geographic and human resources. Regional autonomy as an instrument to realize prosperity in an ideal form of cooperation.
Model Pengembangan Enterpreneurship dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga di Minangkabau
Authors: Zusmelia Zusmelia , Dasrizal Dasrizal , Erita Yeni
Published: December 2017

The focus of this research to investigate the women who participate to trade in regional market. It concerns with entrepreneur spirit among Minangkabau societies and explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic empowerment either locally and nationally. The presence of women traders is an incubator entrepreneur spirit for next generation. It also contributes to the economic empowerment of West Sumatra in particular and the national. Model development of entrepreneurship spirit in starting a small business and acted by an individual (one-man enterprise), and then put family (family enterprise), evolving toward small companies (small scale enterprise), medium-scale enterprises (medium scale enterprise), and the company (big scale enterprise).
Analisis Eksistensi Sektor Pertanian terhadap Pengurangan Kemiskinan di Pedesaan dan Perkotaan
Authors: Hermawan Iwan
Published: December 2017

Indonesia has abundant natural resources, Gross Domestic Product Indonesia has entered 20 largest in the world, volume of national budget and expenditures and budget allocation for poverty eradication tend to rise, and even debt to development financial also rose sharply, but the number of poor difficult down. The purpose of study is to analyze the role of the agricultural sector on the poverty reduction in urban and urban areas in Indonesia. This study using two approaches analysis, which is descriptive and quantitative analysis. These study found that agricultural sector has important to reduce poverty in the rural than urban area. While in urban areas, industry sector has important to reduce poverty. Agricultural sector to remain a key and can as leading sector in reducing poverty, in the aggregate considering poverty largest located in urban areas. Government policy is expected to direct to a center where poverty are.
Analisis Kinerja Organisasi Pemerintah dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Publik di Kota Pariaman
Authors: Ariany Ria , Putera Roni Ekha
Published: December 2017

There are less than maximum of two SKPD in Pariaman City Government performance service. For the Integrated Licensing Service Office and Investment (KP2TPM) although care has been given to the fullest but there are weaknesses regarding SKPD coordination related to licensing in this SKPD.  Meanwhile, in the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disduk and Capil) has provided a good service, but the service provided was not accompanied by a clear standard operating procedures so that employees perform services based on what is just. For that there needs to be improvements to the apparatus of resources, especially in terms of quality employees that can serve well and improve coordination among SKPD related to licensing.
Pendugaan Angka Kematian Bayi dengan Menggunakan Model Poisson Bayes Berhirarki Dua-Level
Authors: Hajarisman Nusar , N Khairi A , Sadik Kusman
Published: December 2017

Official institutions of national data providers such as the BPS-Statistics Indonesia is required to produce and present the statistical information, as necessary as a form of contributory BPS region in support of regional development policy and planning. There are survey conducted by BPS capability estimation techniques are still limited, due to the resulting estimators have not been able to directly assumed for small areas. In this article we propose the hierarchical Bayesian models, especially for count data which are Poisson distributed, in small area estimation problem. The model was developed by combining concept of generalized linear model and Fay-Herriot model. The results of the development of this model is implemented to estimate the infant mortality rate in Bojonegoro district, East Java Province.
Pengaruh ‘Group Counselling’ terhadap ‘Self-Regulation’ Pecandu Napza pada Jurnalis Televisi X
Authors: Hatta Muhammad Ilmi
Published: December 2017

This article discusses self-regulation of drug users as well as the design ofinterventions used to improve their self-regulation. Intervention in the form of group counseling. This study is a case study on the measurement of self-regulation in the case of ecstasy users who try to quit but have not been able to pass up the temptation to relapse regulation on Video Journalists in TV Group X. The research method used was a quasi experimental. The study design used was one group pretest-posttest design. Measurements conducted through questionnaires, interviews and observation. The results showed that the counseling group indicated that contributes to increased self-regulation on tv Video Journalists in group X who use ecstasy are trying to quit. Self regulation changes are explained in terms of cognitive theory.
Kearifan Lokal dan Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Birokrasi
Authors: Tanjung Irawati
Published: December 2017

One thing that considered as a source of systemic and networking corruption in Indonesia is bureaucratic behavior with patrimonial relations approach. Source of bureaucratic pathology essentially can be identified from two locus: internal and external. This paper attempts to explain other possibility to eradicate corruption in bureaucracy by strengthening external environment role. Using qualitative research data in Nagari Kapau of West Sumatra, indicating that culture became one of important strategy to eradicating corruption in bureaucracy. Culture values support the emergence of social structure as a controller of Nagari bureaucratic work. Cultural values are followed by society awareness and participation of their role in overseeing leader and government to become power that be able to power-driven corruption.
Proses Kolaboratif dalam Perencanaan Berbasis Komunikasi Pada Masyarakat Non-Kolaboratif
Authors: Sufianti Ely , Sawitri Dewi , Pribadi Krishnai Nur , Firman Tommy
Published: December 2017

The collaborative process is a key element of the communicative-based planning. This process requires participations, equality of power, as well as adequate competence of the actors who engage the process. This condition seems difficult to occur in the societies, especially those in developing countries, in which people’s participation, equality of power, and competence are considered low (uncollaborative society). The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the collaborative process can occur or not in the context of such societies.  The empirical investigation was conducted by using the qualitative research methods with a case study approach to sidewalk vendors arrangement planning at Banjarsari, Surakarta City. It shows that the planning involves the collaborative process stages and authentic dialogue, which are the key aspects of collaborative process.
Pengaruh dari Nilai-Nilai Islam terhadap Kinerja Kerja
Authors: Amaliah Ima , Julia Aan , Riani Westi
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this research is to study about the influence of Islamic value and Islamic work ethics to the work performance of employee of small enterprises in Bandung City. This research was the deductive quantitative. The samples were 350 employees that determined by proportional way. Using SEM, Estimation sshows that the Islamic value did not direcly influence on work performance. The Islamic value influences on work performance through Islamic work ethics. This mean that in order to improve job performance of small enterprises, the government and the others did not only concern to material aspect but also start to consider the Islamic moral and spiritual value in assistance programs.
Veterans Going to College: Evaluating the Impact of the Post-9/11 GI Bill on College Enrollment
Authors: Zhang Liang
Published: December 2017

In this study, I used American Community Survey (ACS) 2005–2015 data to examine the enrollment effect of the Post-9/11 GI Bill; the analysis resulted in three main findings: First, although the New GI Bill has increased overall college enrollment by about 3 percentage points on average, the effect was much larger immediately after the bill’s adoption and has waned in recent years, suggesting that part of the initial enrollment burst was due to the retrospective nature of the bill. Second, the New GI Bill has had a consistent and positive impact on college enrollment among veterans ranging from 20 to 60 years old. Because older individuals on average have lower enrollment rates than younger ones, it follows that the former are relatively more responsive to financial incentives. Third, I found consistent and positive enrollment effects across veterans of all levels of existing educational attainment, with the largest estimates observed among those already holding master’s degrees.
Applications of Small Area Estimation to Generalization With Subclassification by Propensity Scores
Authors: Chan Wendy
Published: December 2017

Policymakers have grown increasingly interested in how experimental results may generalize to a larger population. However, recently developed propensity score–based methods are limited by small sample sizes, where the experimental study is generalized to a population that is at least 20 times larger. This is particularly problematic for methods such as subclassification by propensity score, where limited sample sizes lead to sparse strata. This article explores the potential of small area estimation methods to improve the precision of estimators in sparse strata using population data as a source of auxiliary information to borrow strength. Results from simulation studies identify the conditions under which small area estimators outperform conventional estimators and the limitations of this application to causal generalization studies.
Evaluating Institutional Capability of Nepali Grassroots Organizations for Service Delivery Functions
Authors: Acharya Keshav Kumar
Published: December 2017

Grassroots organizations are well situated to deliver the services and implement the development activities at community level in Nepal. The development of grassroots organizations on the one hand enables the effective service delivery while it enhances community governance system on the other. This study analyses the institutional capability of grassroots level organizations in relation to their service delivery and the study is based on primary and secondary data. One hundred and ten grassroots level organizations were chosen for organizational survey, and three focus group discussions were employed to supplement survey data. The Composite Index (CI) method was employed to analyze the data that shows overall capability of grassroots organizations remained efficient (CI = 0.77). Empirical findings indicate that many grassroots organizations were more committed to work as agents of change through institutional norms, rules and values. Nevertheless, some grassroots organizations were facing institutional crises, influenced by socio-economic power structure, and resource paucity. Following the discussion of results, this study recommends governance measure for efficient capability of grassroots organizations.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 60-95
Participatory Research and Empowerment: A Conceptual Revisit of the Debate on Alternative Social Science Research
Authors: Luitel Youba Raj
Published: December 2017

After the 1970s, there has been a growing emphasis on participatory research aimed at capturing people’s lived realities of everyday lives. The proponents of participatory research (also called alternative research) build on a critique of what is called “extractive,” top-down, and so-called objective empirical research of positivist kind. In contrast, alternative research method embeds research with empowerment and regards survey based conventional research as instrumental. This paper first introduces basic premises of alternative research method together with its philosophical underpinning. Drawing arguments from Robert Chambers the following section compares and contrasts the conventional and alternative research methods. Further, a paradigm shift in social science research in terms of reversals of frame, reversals of modes, reversal of relation and reversal of power is dealt. The final section draws a conclusion that compared to survey based, “objective,” conventional research method, participatory researches are superior in facilitating knowledge generation process, eventually empowering the people.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 115-129
The Dynamics of Representing Nepal’s Struggle for Modernization: from Nepalization to Fatalism
Authors: KC Gaurab , Kharel Pranab
Published: December 2017

This article examines the popular as well as controversial work Fatalism and Development: Nepal’s Struggle for Modernization (1991) by anthropologist Dor Bahadur Bista. The authors historically chart out and evaluate the writing trajectory of Bista. The paper focuses on Bista’s consistent pitching for fatalism to be the root cause of underdevelopment in Nepali society starting with his writings in the 1960s, even though he may be using different terms to refer to the process. He pointed out certain groups close to the power structures including priestly Brahamins to be responsible for the underdevelopment and fatalism. His iconoclastic stance on the value system revolving around the power centers found many takers in the changed context of Nepal after 1990. This was furthered by his silence on the similar acts of other cultural groups.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 201; 130-150
Labeled or Learned? Youth in Indo-Nepal Cross-Border Crime
Authors: KC Dipesh Kumar
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine that the youths learned crime and labeled as offenders in Nepal's Tarai, bordering Northern Indian States Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Various studies, Government and media reports have demonstrated the overwhelming involvement of Tarai-youths in Indo-Nepal cross-border crime as a threat to the security of the Border Society. However, youths learned crime and labeled as criminals in the Indo-Nepal border areas. Youths, especially from 'backward' social class and caste, have their limitation and their young age and suppression by the state and oligarch portray them as the vulnerable is crime. Regard to the Indo-Nepal cross-border crime, social and political factors contribute to the environment viable for learning crime.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 164-183
Loss of Highly Influential Figure in Social Anthropology: A Tribute to Fredrik Barth
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 184-191
Editorial Notes Vol.11
Authors: Khattri Man Bahadur
Published: December 2017

We are happy to present Volume 11 to our dear readers. Many people have contributed in many different aspects in editorial processes. Besides International Advisory Board members we are able to nominate five editors from different institutions and individuals. Their valuable presence in our journal certainly helps building trust, wider visibility and commitment for quality editing and publication. We are delighted with the work of wonderful reviewers, who supported and encouraged us to work further. Without their rigorous work we would not be able to bring this journal in this form. We would like to express our heartfelt thanks and sincere gratitude to all valuable reviewers: Prem Bhandari, Om Gurung, Ram Bahadur Chhetri, Chudamani Basnet, Rajendra Raj Timilsina, Janak Rai, Yogendra Bahadur Gurung, Youba Raj Luitel, Madhu Giri, Chitra Bahadur Budathoki, Madhusudan Subedi, Man Bahadur Khattri, Bishow Bandhu Adhikari, Prakash Prasad Sapkota, Rishikesh Pandey, Binod Pokhrel, Jagan Nath Adhikari, Anita Sherestha, and Mina Uprety. Similarly, we would like to express sincere thanks to Netralal Neupane, Janak Paudel, Tilak Prasad Kandel, Prakash Sharma, Kamal Sharma for their time and hard effort for proof reading.
Amentoflavone and Kaempferol Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Cissampelos pareira
Authors: Devkota Hari Prasad , Miyazaki Sena , Yahara Shoji
Published: December 2017

Aerial parts of Cissampelos pareira L. (Family: Menispermaceae), commonly known as “Batulpate” in Nepal, are used for the treatment of fever, indigestion and to stop bleeding after child birth. In this study, a biflavonoid, amentoflavone; and two kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucuronopyranoside were isolated from 70% MeOH extract of the aerial parts. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from a plant belonging to family Menispermaceae.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1:1-4
Analysis of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Different Parts of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata
Authors: Thusa Rojeena , Mulmi Sushika
Published: December 2017

The phytochemicals and biological activities of extracts from leaves and stem of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were carried out. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, quinones, glycoside, flavonoid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaf and stem of these two plants. The column chromatography of methanol extract of stem of Mahonia nepalensis resulted in isolation of four pure compounds MN1, MN2, MN3 and MN4. Out of four isolated compounds, two were identified as MN1:b- sitosterol and MN2: Berberine by comparison of melting point, Co-TLC, IR and UV spectra of authentic sample. Potent pharmacological activity of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were revealed from antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp bioassay. Methanol extracts of stem of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata showed significant zone of inhibition of 18 mm and 21 mm respectively against the Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract of Berberis aristata were comparatively little stronger against Staphylococcus aureus than methanol extract of Mahonia nepalensis. LC50 values (μg/ml) of methanol extracts of stem of Berberis aristata and Mahonia nepalensis were found to be 8.058x10-4 and 8.3 whereas methanol extracts of leaf of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were 389.04 and 1303.166 respectively.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec . 2 0 1 7 Vol. 5, No. 1: 5-13
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Shigella spp. Among Gastroenteritis Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Kabi , Bhattachan Balkrishna , Gurung Raja Ram , Katuwal Archana , Khadka Jagat Bahadur
Published: December 2017

Shigellosis, a disease caused by Shigella species. It is a major public health problem in developing nations like Nepal, where communities having poverty; poor sanitation, personal hygiene, and water supplies. The main aim of our study is to isolate and identify Shigella spp. from gastroenteritis patients and to find out its drug resistance pattern.A cross-sectional study was carried out based on routinely attending outpatients and inpatients.  A total of 225 stool samples collected from gastroenteritis patients were processed from 20 April to 24 September 2014 in Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the isolation of Shigella spp. After that slide agglutination kit method was used for identification of Shigella spp.  Finally, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was done for an antimicrobial resistance test.Of the total 225 gastroenteritis patients, 133 were detected as bacterial positive cases.  Among positive cases, Shigella spp. was identified in 10.5%.  Age wise, an infection rate of Shigella in patients <15-years old was found higher i.e. 7.3% than in patients ≥ 15 years old i.e. 4.5% with the (p = 0.432) at 95% CI. The infection rate of S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, and S. sonnei was detected in 28.6%, 57.1%, and 14.3% respectively. For the antimicrobial test, eight types of antibiotics were used.  The most resistance pattern of isolated Shigella spp. was found in nalidixic acid, and co-trimoxazole 92.8% followed by ampicillin 64.3% and ciprofloxacin 42.8% etc.Our study reported that endemicity of Shigellosis with S. flexneri is the predominant group in gastroenteritis patients. This finding suggests that co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin should not be used experimentally as first-line drugs for shigellosis treatment.
Assessment of Quality of Underground Drinking Water: Very near (≤20 meters) and Far (>50 meters) from the River
Authors: Subedi Munal , Magar Mamata Gharti , Rajbhandari Gita Shrestha
Published: December 2017

Water quality information is needed to assess the state of water contamination in a variety of community, including those that rely primarily on unimproved underground sources of drinking water. The study was carried out with an aim to assess the quality of ground water in particular sites of the Kathmandu valley. The ground water samples were collected from shallow well, tube well and deep tube wells located at specific places of the valley. The research was focused on physiochemical and bacteriological analysis of underground water from sites near to Bagmati river (≤20 meters) and from sites far from Bagmati river (>50 meters). The sampling sites were scattered from Sinamangal to Minbhavan. Total sample size was 100, with 50 in each stratum. Study processing was done during the period from February 2013 to May 2013. Six physiochemical parameters namely pH, Conductivity, Ammonia level, Chloride level, Nitrite level, Nitrate level and Biological parameters (Coliform and Fecal coliform) of each sample was tested. Based on the research work, it was recorded that the underground water close to river (≤20 meters) has comparatively high physiochemical and biological parameter (Fecal Coliform) than underground water that were farther from the river (>50 meters). Fecal Coliform was predominant 58% (29/50) in water nearer to river rather than in water farther from the river 20% i.e. (10/50).  Similarly, the values of physiochemical and biological parameter increased comparatively with more distance i.e. ≤10 meters from river. The finding indicated that the underground water near to river is more polluted than far from the river.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1:21-26
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from Urinary Specimens of Children attending Friendship International Children’s Hospital
Authors: Rimal Ujjwal , Thapa Shovana , Maharjan Roshani
Published: December 2017

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae is a serious threat to the patients. These organisms are major extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Extended spectrum β- lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolates from the urine sample of children visiting International Friendship Children Hospital. During the seven months, between June 2016 to December 2016, 1018 mid-stream urine samples(MSU) were collected from patients suspected of having UTI. The samples were investigated by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique and identification of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was done by microscopy and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion test. ESBL screening test was done by using 3rd generation Cephalosporin and confirmation done by combination disc diffusion method. Out of total 1018 MSU samples investigated, 200(19.64%) isolates of E. coli and 28(2.7%) isolates of Klebsiella spp. making a total of 228(22.39%) were found to cause significant bacteriuria. 76(33.33%) isolates, from those causing significant bacteriuria, were Multi-drug resistant organisms. Out of 228 isolates, 54(23.68%) were ESBL producers, that includes 51(25.5%) Escherichia coli and 3(12.5%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBL producers were more common in in-patient (36.17%) than out-patient (20.44%). Most of the ESBL producers were resistance to amoxicillin, followed by Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin respectively. They were highly sensitive to Imipenem, Tigecycline, Amikacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Nitrofurantoin. High prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was found among children. Regular and routine monitoring of ESBL producing isolates is essential.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 32-38
Apoptosis: Implications in Viral and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections
Authors: Giri Gorakh Raj , Timilsina Uddhav
Published: December 2017

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death leading to genetically controlled self-destruction of cells. It is essential in the development, maintenance, and regulation of cells during physiological as well as pathological conditions. Deregulation of apoptotic mechanisms is associated with various pathological diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, viral and bacterial infections. Virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis elicit host cell apoptosis as a part of host immune defense or pathogen dissemination. They inhibit both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptotic mechanisms facilitating pathogen survival and escape from host immune defense.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 46- 57
Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran
Authors: Mostafa Ebadi-Nahari , Sedigheh Nikzat-Siahkolaee , Rosa Eftekharian
Published: December 2017

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)
Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. based on RAPD markers
Authors: Rahman M. Oliur , Rahman Md. Zahidur , Sony Sonia Khan , Islam Mohammad Nurul
Published: December 2017

Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. were assessed on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The banding patterns of eight taxa namely, Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., D. heterocarpon (L.) DC., D. heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., D. motorium (Houtt.) Merr., D. pulchellum (L.) Benth., D. triflorum (L.) DC., D. triquetrum (L.) DC. and D. triquetrumsubsp. alatum (DC.) Prain were compared. A total of 81 DNA fragments were detected by 11 primers. Among the taxa studied D. triquetrum and D. triquetrum subsp. alatum were found to be most closely related followed by close proximity between D. gangeticum and D. motorium. The highest genetic distance was observed between D. triflorum and D. heterophyllum followed by D. heterocarpon and D. heterophyllum. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed to show the genetic relatedness among the taxa employed and the tree revealed a close proximity among D. pulchellum, D. gangeticum and D. motorium. In contrast, D. heterophyllum was found distantly related with rest of the taxa.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 149–154.
Primulina wenii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from China
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Xin , Li Shu , Yan Li-Jiao
Published: December 2017

Primulina wenii (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated here as a new species. Morphologically, this new species resembles P. juliae (Hance) Mich. Möller & A. Weber, but it is distinct from the latter by some obvious features in leaf blade, bract, indumentum, corolla, filament, stigma and pistil. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and plastid trnL-F intronspacer (trnL-F) DNA sequence data from the new species and its 22 relatives are used to determine the systematic position of the new species within Primulina. Molecular evidence suggests that P. wenii is strongly supported as a sister to a clade in which P. juliae is included. The conservation status of P. wenii is assessed as "Critically Endangered" (CR) according to IUCN Red List categories and criteria.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 173–182.
Taxonomic variation among Schinus molle L. plants associated with a slight change in elevation
Authors: Al-Andal Abeer , Moustafa Mahmoud , Alruman Suliman
Published: December 2017

This study examined the degree of variations in DNA fingerprints associated with slight altitudinal change of Schinus molle grown in Abha region, Saudi Arabia. Seven populations from Schinus molle plants located at 2193.0, 2246.0, 2197.7, 2441.0, 2372.0, 2250.6 and 2175.0 meters had been investigated. The degree of genetic variability was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), mixed RAPD and intersimple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). The genetic similarity coefficients from RAPD analysis revealed the maximum similarity value (89.9%) was between population at 2250.6 m and population at 2175.0 m. The genetic similarity coefficients from mixed RAPD primers displayed the highest similarity value (87.6%) between population at 2246.0 m and population at 2197.7 m. Similarity coefficients from ISSR analysis revealed the highest similarity value (86.2%) among populations at 2193.0 m, 2246.0 m, 2441.0 m and at 2250.6 m. Super tree analysis (RAPD + mixed RAPD + ISSR) showed the highest similarity value (85.5%) between population at 2441.0 m and population at 2250.6 m. In conclusion, marker systems including RAPD, mixed RAPD and ISSR, alone or combined can be effectively used in determining the genetic relationship among Schinus molle plants even at very close populations.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 205–214.
Pollen morphology of Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae) in Libya
Authors: Marzouk Ream I. , El-Darier Salama M. , Askar Abdel Baset M.
Published: December 2017

Pollen grains of 11 taxa of Teucrium from Libya were examined using lightmicroscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to provide better insight on the evaluation of palynological attributes for species characterization of Teucrium with special emphasis on the five Libyan endemic. Two main pollen shapes were documented; subprolate and prolate or perprolate in T. fruticans. The exine sculpture inspected at surface, operculum and pole were mostly verrucate, perforate or scabrate. Teucrium fruticans attained the phenomenon of pollen dimorphism with two distinct shapes and specifics sculpture for each form. The results validated thetaxonomic significance of pollen grains for the discrimination among Teucrium species in Libya.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 219–226.
A note on Astragalus L. section Caprini DC.
Authors: Sheikhakbari-Mehr Reza , Maassoumi Ali Asghar
Published: December 2017

Not available.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 241–244.
Propranolol Versus corticosteroids for Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Control Trial in a Tertiary care Hospital
Authors: Saha Nirupama , Talukder Shah Alam , Khan Nadiuzzaman
Published: January 2018

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumor of infancy and childhood. Sometimes these lesions interfere with normal function & produce serious disfigurement that is unlikely to resolve on its own and then treatment is required. While evidence most supports the use of corticosteroids, there is no well- studied or Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved systemic therapy for haemangiomas of Infancy. Dramatic improvement of complicated haemangioma by propranolol has recently been reported, but to date, details for initiating therapy, monitoring and potential risks in relation to Corticosteroids were not compared in a large scale. This research was designed to observe the effectiveness of oral propranolol compared to oral corticosteroid aimed at treatment of clinically important groups of infantile hemangiomas that require aggressive treatment. We conducted a randomized control study among the diagnosed case of infantile hemangiomas, age of <10 years. The total sample size was 60 (30 for propranolol group i.e. in group A, and 30 for corticosteroid group i.e. in group B) & grouping was done with the simple random technique. A clinical & photograph based VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scale with a defined monitoring schedule was used for evaluation of treatment response. Our study result showed, (3.33%) patients of group A, response to color change (red-purple-grey) within 1st month of treatment whereas none of the patient (0.00%) of group B had any response to color by this time. Patients response to propranolol therapy was also continued even up to 5th month (3.33%) but it was absent (0.00%) in corticosteroid therapy even after 4th month & p= 0.025, that was statistically significant. Regarding the mean size (diameter) of the tumor, most of the tumor size reduced and near to stabilize at 4th month in group A, but in group B, the rate was slower and needed longer time (5-6 month), the p value was 0.030. Again 60% of tumor became non-palpable at 3rd week of treatment in group A patients, but in group B, 70% of tumor was still remain palpable on that time & p=0.001, that was statistically significant. Again, in Propranolol therapy group, the rate of complications was (24%) whereas in Corticosteroid therapy group, it was (76%).The p value was 0.020 that was also statistically significant. Hence, the present study results denote that, oral propranolol can be considered as an emerging and effective treatment over oral corticosteroid therapy for infantile hemangiomas.
Major Public Health Problems in Nigeria: A review
Authors: Muhammad Faisal , Abdulkareem Jamil Hassan , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin
Published: December 2017

The inadequate programs designed to address the numerous health problems in Nigeria have led to the little improvement in our health status. Besides the continued neglect of the importance of addressing public health issues would make matters worse for poor Nigerians most of who are at the receiving end. This study adopted a qualitative approach, so as to adequately describe the study aims and objectives. The data for this study were collected through scientific database sources, web search engines, direct observation and relevant documents from the Nigerian Ministry of Health. The major public health challenges Nigeria faces are infectious diseases, control of vector some diseases, maternal mortality, infant mortality, poor sanitation and hygiene, disease surveillance, non-communicable diseases and road traffic injuries etcetera. Nigeria is currently working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Despite the collaborative efforts of both Nigerian Government, Donor Agencies and NGOs to provide an efficient and effective health care delivery in Nigeria.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 6-11
Knowledge, attitude and practice about hypertension in hypertensive patients attending hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Sadeq Raghdaa , Lafta Riyadh K
Published: December 2017

Patients’ knowledge and attitudes have an impact on the management of their illnesses. Obtaining information about the level of awareness is the first step in formulating a preventive program for any health problem. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertensive patients about their disease. A consecutive non- probability sampling technique was adopted to collect all adult hypertensive patients that attended the outpatient clinic of the main three teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. Adults of both gender who had history of hypertension for at least six months were included in the study. A questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of those patients. More than 60% had good knowledge, 80% expressed good attitude while 24% recorded good practice. Analyses of data revealed that the score of knowledge is significantly associated with age (p=0.002) and gender (p=0.002). It was also directly related to the education level. (p=0.0001), duration of hypertension (p=0.041) and the presence of positive family history of the disease (p=0.0001). The attitude was significantly associated with age (p=0.046), level of education (p=0.008) and family history (p=0.006). The score of practice was significantly associated with age (p=.0008), and duration of hypertension (p=0.004). Hypertensive patients in our community have relatively good knowledge and attitude, but poor practice and compliance to treatment. Efforts are needed to increase the awareness through continuous health education in the health facilities and health promotional programs via the mass media.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 29-34
Mental health conditions among adolescents of substance dependent parents
Authors: Gaffar Mahjareen Binta , Deeba Farah
Published: December 2017

Abstract not availableSouth East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 48-50
Atypical presentation and clinical management of jaundice secondary to Choledocoduodenal fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Shah Smit , Shah Praful
Published: December 2017

Choledocoduodenal fistula (CDDF) is an abnormal connection between the common bile duct and the duodenum which bypasses the normal opening of Ampulla of Vater. In this case, we describe the initial clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with CDDF along with prophylactic surgical management in order to prevent future hepatobiliary complications. In addition, we also discuss various risk factors of CDDF. Finally, we also discuss different types of CDDF along with its various hematologic and radiologic findings.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 55-57
Contribution to the study of personality by ‘pioneers’ of the cultural historical school: Revisiting earlier research in search for learning
Authors: Moreno Herrera Lázaro
Published: January 2018

In times when vocational education and training (VET) faces challenges from a vari-ety of research problems, for example, dropouts and motivation for vocational oriented studies, it becomes important deepening into different theoretical and empiri-cal sources. The development of a comprehensive theory of personality in cultural historical school is the result of the works of what we could well consider as research ‘pioneers’ within this school. The presentation and analysis presented in this article tries to contribute to VET research through systematising and drawing attention to some of the most relevant contributions of these pioneers. Critical remarks are presented though a critical review is not within the scope of the article. The analysis presented here is made with awareness of the complexities and the risks involved in all attempts to summarise what was a remarkable creative production in research that extended for decades. The reader should also observe that the scope of the presentation and focus of attention here is limited to the specific contribution of these leading scholars to the development of a theory of personality. Been this limitation highlighted the article expects to contribute to better understanding studies of personality within the cultural historical school henceforth serving to the advance of research within VET.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Upper GI Malignancies
Authors: Tchelebi Leila , Zaorsky Nicholas , Mackley Heath
Published: January 2018

The role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the management of upper gastrointestinal malignancies is constantly evolving. As radiation therapy techniques improve and are able to deliver more ablative doses of radiotherapy while sparing healthy tissue, radiation can be applied to a wider range of clinical scenarios. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows a high dose of radiation to be delivered to a highly conformal treatment volume in a short amount of time. Another potential advantage of SBRT is its ability to increase tumor immunogenicity, while also having less of an immunosuppressive effect on the patient, as compared to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. In so doing, SBRT may potentiate the effects of immune therapy when the two treatments are combined, thus improving therapeutic outcomes. This article provides an overview of the role of SBRT in the management of upper gastrointestinal GI malignancies and the emerging data on immune biomarkers and SBRT, with a focus on pancreatic and liver cancer.
Effectiveness of a Computer-Based Training Program of Attention and Memory in Patients with Acquired Brain Damage
Authors: Fernandez Elizabeth , Bergado Rosado Jorge , Rodriguez Perez Daymi , Salazar Santana Sonia , Torres Aguilar Maydane , Bringas Maria
Published: January 2018

Many training programs have been designed using modern software to restore the impaired cognitive functions in patients with acquired brain damage (ABD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-based training program of attention and memory in patients with ABD, using a two-armed parallel group design, where the experimental group (n = 50) received cognitive stimulation using RehaCom software, and the control group (n = 30) received the standard cognitive stimulation (non-computerized) for eight weeks. In order to assess the possible cognitive changes after the treatment, a post-pre experimental design was employed using the following neuropsychological tests: Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Trail Making test A and B. The effectiveness of the training procedure was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when it established the comparison between the performance in these scales, before and after the training period, in each patient and between the two groups. The training group had statistically significant (p < 0.001) changes in focused attention (Trail A), two subtests (digit span and logical memory), and the overall score of WMS. Finally, we discuss the advantages of computerized training rehabilitation and further directions of this line of work.
Two-Time Correlation Functions in Dissipative and Interacting Bose–Hubbard Chains
Authors: Denis Zakari , Wimberger Sandro
Published: January 2018

A method is presented for the systematic derivation of a hierarchy of coupled equations for the computation of two-time correlation functions of operators for open many-body quantum systems. We show how these systems of equations can be closed in mean-field and beyond approximations. Results for the specific example of the spectral weight functions are discussed. Our method allows one to access the full temporal evolution, not just the stationary solution, of non-equilibrium open quantum problems described by a Markovian master equation.