bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Refrigerators and Rage: Secrecy and Pacification in the Florida Restaurant Industry
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: March 2022

Designed based on careful specifications and regulations, commercial refrigerators can be found in almost all restaurants across the United States. In this article I explore the multifaceted role of the commercial walk-in refrigerator as a space of mediation, secrecy, and pacification among restaurant industry workers in central Florida. I analyze two years of ethnographic research conducted from 2015 to 2017, and argue that the refrigerator acts as a liminal zone within the restaurant, which is used by management to subdue, pacify, and placate employees. To do so I draw on literature by design justice scholars on discriminatory design, to consider the ways in which the physical structure of American restaurant establishments perpetuate physical and emotional abuse of workers.
Reliability of Electric Pulp Test, Cold Pulp Test or Tooth Transillumination to Assess Pulpal Health in Permanent Dog Teeth
Authors: Proulx Caroline , Dumais Yvan , Beauchamp Guy , Steagall Paulo
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of electric pulp test (EPT), cold pulp test (CPT) and tooth transillumination (TTI) in the assessment of pulpal health in dog teeth. Forty-five client-owned dogs requiring tooth extraction or pulpectomy were included. For each patient, one affected and two control healthy teeth were evaluated with EPT, followed by CPT and TTI. Direct pulp inspection was used as a gold standard. The real pulpal health (vital or necrotic) was determined by the presence or absence of bleeding after creating access to the pulp chamber. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of EPT, CPT and TTI were obtained for each pulp test using the binomial Clopper-Pearson exact method to establish confidence intervals. Forty-five affected teeth were tested. Forty-three were tested with EPT, CPT, and TTI, and two were tested solely with EPT and CPT. All dogs tested with EPT and TTI were included in the study whereas 21 out of 45 (47%) dogs tested with CPT were excluded. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were respectively 0.96, 1.00, 1.00, 0.96 and 0.98 for EPT; 1.00, 0.89, 0.92, 1.00 and 0.95 for CPT; and 0.59, 0.95, 0.94, 0.67 and 0.76 for TTI. This study concluded that EPT is a highly reliable diagnostic test to evaluate pulpal health in dogs. The high accuracy of CPT is conditional on the patient's responsiveness to stimulation applied to its control healthy teeth. TTI was the least reliable test in the study.
Interaction among geopolitical risk, trade openness, economic growth, carbon emissions and Its implication on climate change in india
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Akadiri Seyi Saint , Riti Joshua Sunday , Tony Odu Ada
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we examine whether geopolitical risk influences environmental degradation, while controlling for non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness, using a quarterly dataset from 1985Q1 to 2019Q4. The choice of India as a case study is based on a number of reasons. India is a developing country, which produces approximately 3.2% of global GDP. Also, India produces almost 17.7% of the world population. The country also emits about 6.8% of global carbon emissions, and according to the 2020 report of the consulting firm Eurasia, India is ranked fifth in terms of geopolitical risk. This study adds to the existing literature by using the quantile-on-quantile (QQR) regression to examine the effect of geopolitical risk on environmental degradation, as well as highlighting the implications of geopolitical risk on environmental sustainability. Based on empirical estimation, we find that geopolitical risk increases and decreases carbon emissions in India. That is, geopolitical risk increases environmental degradation at middle quantiles and decreases environmental degradation at lower and higher quantiles. In addition, we find that non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness impede environmental quality in India. Thus, we are of the opinion that policymakers, when making policy decisions on environmental quality, should factor in geopolitical risk in two areas, mitigation and channel of escalation, among other policy suggestions.
Increased CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells and STAT3 expression in cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients recalcitrant to antimalarials
Authors: Zeidi Majid , Chen Kristen L , Patel Jay , Desai Krisha , Kim Hee Joo , Chakka Srita , Lim Rachel , Werth Victoria P
Published: March 2022

Background

Antimalarials are first-line systemic therapy for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). While some patients unresponsive to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone benefit from the addition of quinacrine (QC), a subset of patients is refractory to both antimalarials.

Methods

We classified CLE patients as HCQ-responders, HCQ+QC-responders, or HCQ+QC-nonresponders to compare immune profiles. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR were used to characterize inflammatory cells and cytokines in lesional skin.

Results

Immunohistochemistry showed that CD69+ T cells were higher in HCQ+QC-nonresponders compared to HCQ- and HCQ+QC-responders ( p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence further identified these cells as CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells. Myeloid dendritic cells were significantly higher in HCQ+QC-responders compared to both HCQ-responders and HCQ+QC-nonresponders. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells were significantly increased in HCQ-responders compared to HCQ- and HCQ+QC-nonresponders. No differences were found in the number of autoreactive T cells, MAC387+ cells, and neutrophils among the groups. CLASI scores of the HCQ+QC-nonresponder group positively correlated with CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells (r = 0.6335, p < 0.05) and MAC387+ cells (r = 0.5726, p < 0.05). IL-17 protein expression was higher in HCQ+QC-responders compared to HCQ-responders or HCQ+QC-nonresponders, while IL-22 protein expression did not differ. mRNA expression demonstrated increased STAT3 expression in a subset of HCQ+QC-nonresponders.

Conclusion

An increased number of CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells and a strong correlation with CLASI scores in the HCQ+QC-nonresponders suggest these cells are involved in antimalarial-refractory skin disease. STAT3 is also increased in HCQ+QC-nonresponders and may also be a potential target for antimalarial-refractory skin disease.
Pakistan as an ‘Islamic Zion’
Authors: Sulehria Farooq
Published: March 2022

In order to understand the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan, it is important to go beyond culturalist and orientalist explanations. As an alternative, this article foregrounds four factors that have been instrumental in projecting fundamentalism to a near-hegemonic position in the country. First, the fact that Pakistan has been imagined as a community of Muslims offers the fundamentalist an edge over secular rivals. This confessional intrinsicality is compounded by an official appeasement and patronage of the fundamentalists. Second, elaborate charity networks offering an ‘alternative society’ that caters to basic needs such as health, education and jobs have helped Islamic fundamentalism expand its outreach during a neoliberal period when the state shunned its welfare role. Third, the radical decline of the Pakistani left spawned a political vacuum that allowed the fundamentalists to become a mainstream platform for the public to vent their anger. Finally, imperialism, in particular the United States, contributed to the growth of fundamentalism in Pakistan in the context of the Cold War. This process apexed during the Afghan Jihad of the 1980s, and it laid the grounds for 9/11 and beyond.
Public Perception of Men Who Have Committed Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Sexual Offences Against Children
Authors: Hartley Megan , Bartels Ross M.
Published: March 2022

This study examined whether the attitudinal responses toward child sexual abuse (CSA) differ due to the person’s relationship with the victim (intrafamilial vs. extrafamilial) and/or proximity to the victim (close vs. distant). An online sample of 292 participants completed a measure assessing pre-existing attitudes toward people who commit sexual offenses, before being randomly presented with a vignette describing a CSA case committed by a biological father, biological uncle, babysitter, stranger, or stepfather. Participants then rated the perpetrator’s level of dangerousness and pedophilic interest, their own feelings of disgust, and their punitive judgments. Controlling for pre-existing attitudes, the extrafamilial cases (stranger and babysitter) were perceived to be more dangerous (large effects; ds > .50) and more pedophilic than the stepfather (large effects; ds > .60). Also, participants reported greater levels of disgust toward the stranger than both the babysitter and uncle (medium effects ; ds > .30). The findings demonstrate the need to account for the established heterogeneity of men who commit CSA when studying the public’s attitudinal responses. Methodological limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of feline presumed hereditary or breed-related ocular diseases in France: retrospective study of 129 cats
Authors: Bott Matthieu MP , Chahory Sabine
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of presumed hereditary or presumed breed-related ocular diseases in a population of cats in France.

Methods

Medical records from between September 2013 and August 2017 were reviewed to identify cats with at least one presumed hereditary or breed-related ocular disease. Cats with concurrent, or a history of, ocular or systemic infectious diseases were excluded. Signalment, history and clinical findings were recorded.

Results

Of the 1161 cats that presented to our institution during the study period, 129 were diagnosed with at least one presumed hereditary or presumed breed-related ocular disease (11.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3–12.9). Five ocular abnormalities had a prevalence of >1%: entropion, corneal sequestration, persistent pupillary membrane, cataract and retinal dysplasia. The prevalence of entropion was 2.2% (95% CI 1.3–3.0), with Persians ( P = 0.03), Maine Coons ( P <0.01) and male cats ( P <0.01) being over-represented. The prevalence of corneal sequestration was 2.4% (95% CI 1.5–3.3), with Persians ( P <0.01) and Exotic Shorthairs ( P = 0.02) being over-represented. Persistent pupillary membranes and cataracts had the same prevalence of 2.3% (95% CI 1.5–3.2), with no particular sex or breed significantly over-represented. Retinal dysplasia had a prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI 0.8–2.3) and Persian cats were over-represented ( P = 0.04). Anterior segment dysgenesis had a low prevalence (0.9%, 95% CI 0.4–1.5), with all affected cats being domestic shorthairs and this breed therefore was over-represented ( P = 0.04).

Conclusions and relevance

In a French population of cats, presumed hereditary or breed-related ocular diseases accounted for 11.1% of all ocular diseases. Cataracts, corneal sequestration, persistent pupillary membrane, entropion and retinal dysplasia were the most common conditions. Statistical breed over-representation was observed for entropion, corneal sequestration and retinal dysplasia. We recommend that more systematic screening of feline species is conducted.
The role of adverse childhood experiences and attachment styles in social anxiety disorder in adolescents
Authors: Derin Songul , Selman Saliha B. , Alyanak Behiye , Soylu Nusret
Published: March 2022

Background

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common disorders of adolescence and results in marked impairments in social and academic/occupational activities that likely to persist into adulthood. Multiple etiological factors contribute to the development of social anxiety disorder. Two critical factors in presenting with a primary diagnosis of SAD might be adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and attachment styles. The current study examined how ACEs and attachment styles may be related to SAD in adolescents.

Methods

60 participants with ages ranging from 11 to 18 (M = 14.6; female = 36), who have a primary diagnosis of SAD and 60 control group adolescents (M = 14.6; female = 30) were included in the study. Both groups completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (A-RSQ).

Results

After controlling adolescent gender and parental education levels, childhood emotional neglect and income significantly predicted an increased risk for adolescents’ SAD diagnosis. Attachment styles did not significantly contribute to predicting adolescents’ SAD diagnosis after controlling childhood emotional neglect.

Conclusion

The high predictive value of emotional neglect in childhood emphasizes its importance as a risk factor of SAD in adolescence.
Effectiveness of Instantaneous Power in predicting the collapse responses of structures under pulse-like ground motions by Esra ZENGİN
Authors: Zengin Esra
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the performance of the Instantaneous Power (IP(T1)) intensity measure (IM) for predicting the structural collapse of structures under near-fault pulse-like ground motions. The efficiency and sufficiency of vector IM consisting of elastic spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure (Sa(T1)) and IP(T1) are compared with those obtained using Sa(T1), average spectral acceleration (Saavg), and spectral shape-based vector IMs. A proportional reduction in error, which quantifies to what extent the other ground-motion parameter eliminates the error in the collapse capacity prediction relative to IM of interest, is used to assess the sufficiency. Our findings reveal that [Sa(T1), IP(T1)] yields better collapse capacity prediction compared to all IMs considered and is found to be sufficient with respect to most of the seismological parameters, duration-related IMs, pulse period, and scale factor.
Collective storytelling: Value co-creation in narrative-based goods
Authors: Wieczerzycki Marcin , Deszczyński Bartosz
Published: March 2022

The paper focuses on the interactions between authors/producers and consumers in the creation of products and services, whose value proposition rests on the story they tell – books, movies, games, etc. – narrative-based goods. We argue that their scope is not limited to the individual intrinsic experience and reinterpretation of the meanings of the story, described in the narrative consumption literature. We, therefore, propose a typology, which depicts the variety of possible instances of collective narrative consumption by distinguishing four types of interactions based on a hidden/open and confrontation-based/cooperation-based dialogue. Furthermore, we expand the analytical timeframe of transportation theories beyond the moment of consumption (narrative transportation). By incorporating insights from the concept of value co-creation based on the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) literature we examine how value is co-created during the pre-, mid- and post-transportation phases in the case of all four interaction types. On this occasion, we also develop SDL by conceptualizing and providing examples for value co-creation that does not need direct individual producer-consumer interactions, whilst still significantly affecting both parties. The theoretical concepts are illustrated by practical examples of narrative consumption.
Adverse Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Against HIV-Positive Women During Pregnancy and Post-Partum: Results From a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lin Dan , Zhang Chunyang , Shi Huijing
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have been previously studied. However, data on the impact of IPV on HIV-positive pregnant women have not been systematically synthesized. We performed a meta-analysis to explore this issue and provide evidence regarding IPV prevention and HIV infection control. Method: The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were systematically searched. Studies that quantitatively assessed the association between IPV and its adverse impact on HIV-positive women during pregnancy and post-partum were eligible for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Findings: Eight studies were identified to meet our eligibility criteria. The adverse impacts of IPV against HIV-positive pregnant women mainly included nonadherence to maternal antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy, nondisclosure of HIV-positive status to male partners, nonadherence to infant antiretroviral prophylaxis, and antenatal depression. IPV caused a 180% and 145% increase in the odds of antenatal depression and nonadherence to infant antiretroviral prophylaxis, respectively, among HIV-positive women, compared to the odds of their IPV-free counterparts [OR = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–4.74; OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.40–4.27]. Conclusion: Limited evidence has suggested that IPV against HIV-positive pregnant women caused maternal depression during pregnancy and led to the possible failure of HIV prophylaxis adherence in infants. Interventions to address IPV may ultimately reduce the risk of depression-related adverse birth outcomes and vertical transmission in infants exposed to maternal HIV. Prevention and control against IPV should be developed for HIV-positive pregnant women.
Multicenter Case Series and Literature Review on Durability of Stents in the Thoracic Outlet
Authors: Schropp Ludo , de Kleijn Robert J. C. M. F. , Vonken Evert-Jan , van Laanen Jorinde , Teijink Joep , Ünlu Çagdas , Vos Floris A. W. , van Hattum Eline S. , Petri Bart-Jeroen , de Borst Gert J.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this paper was to report our experience with arterial and venous endovascular stent placement in the thoracic outlet (TO) and review available literature.

Methods:

All patients that underwent arterial or venous stent placement in the TO between 2013 and 2020 in 5 Dutch vascular teaching-hospitals were retrospectively identified. Primary endpoint was symptomatic stent failure due to stenosis, chronic or posture dependent compression, fracture, or occlusion of the stent. Secondary endpoints were symptoms at last follow-up and re-interventions. For the literature review, we searched studies reporting on stenting in the TO.

Results:

Twenty-six patients were included with 11 arterial and 15 venous stents implanted to treat angioplasty resistant stenosis in arterial or venous TO syndrome, iatrogenic or traumatic vascular injury, radiotherapy fibrosis, or arterial dissection. Median follow-up was 19 and 14 months in the arterial and venous-group, respectively. Eight (73%) patients in the arterial, and 9 (60%) in the venous-group suffered symptomatic stent failure. Seven (64%) patients in the arterial, and 9 (60%) in the venous-group required at least 1 re-intervention. When comparing all patients with stent placement after TO decompression (TOD) to patients without, there were substantially more symptomatic stent failures and re-interventions required in the patients without TOD. Six patients (54%) in the arterial-group and 11 (73%) in the venous-group were symptom-free at last follow-up. Five articles describing 51 patients with arterial and 6 articles describing 81 patients with venous stents were included in the literature review. In the arterial-group, no TOD prior to stent placement was performed, while in the venous-group all but 1 article performed TOD prior to stent placement. Results showed comparable rates of symptomatic stent failure (24% vs 30%), and patients requiring re-interventions (29% vs 21%) between groups.

Conclusion:

Based on our multicenter series and review, stents in the TO have a considerable risk of failure, both in the venous and the arterial territory. Especially in patients without TOD: the need for re-interventions is high and half the patients eventually undergo TOD. Based on the currently available data, stenting in the TO should be applied cautiously while TOD should be considered.
David Baker: The Nexus of Jazz Curriculum and the Civil Rights Movement at Indiana University
Authors: Royer Shawn L.
Published: March 2022

In 1966, David Baker, a Black man and esteemed jazz musician and composer, created and developed the Jazz Studies program at Indiana University (IU). The purpose of this study was to investigate how David Baker came to join the faculty and created the Jazz Studies program at IU through an examination of the school’s course offerings and historical context between the years 1949–1969. This time period captures when jazz was evolving from its roots as an informally learned art form into one that was taught in academic settings, as well as important evolutionary moments in jazz, specifically the transition from bebop and cool jazz through the development of hard bop, modal jazz, and Third Stream. Finally, it captures the tumultuous Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s which coincided with IU’s hiring of David Baker and the school’s decision to begin to include jazz courses in its curricular offerings. This examination concludes with a discussion of relevant implications for jazz and music education.
Translation Solutions in Professional Video Game Localization in Iran
Authors: Jooyaeian Ehsan , Khoshsaligheh Masood
Published: March 2022

Widely played all over the world, video games have led to a thriving industry whose global boom owes much to the significant contributions of audiovisual translation and game localization. The current study sheds some light on the translation solutions employed in tailoring video games into Persian to evaluate the growing field of game localization in Iran. Accordingly, four video games localized by Darinoos, the most prominent Iranian game localization company, were selected; their textual materials were extracted and compiled into a corpus of 3068 source–target pairs. The results showed Copying Structure is the most frequently used solution indicating the prominence of word-for-word translation. Cultural Correspondence, on the other hand, was revealed to have received the lowest proportion suggesting the lack of creativity and failure to transfer culture-specific language. The findings revealed several inadequacies in video game localization into Persian, which are explored within the cultural and industrial settings of Iran.
Improving the Recruitment and Retention of Construction Apprentices through Oregon’s Highway Construction Workforce Development Program
Authors: Kelly Maura , Wilkinson Lindsey , Eyo-Idahor Affie , Williams Larry S.
Published: March 2022

Oregon’s Highway Construction Workforce Development Program aims to improve the recruitment and retention of a diverse construction workforce, through pre-apprenticeships that provide alternative pathways into apprenticeship as well as financial and non-financial retention services that aim to help apprentices complete their apprenticeships. This evaluation research examines the impact of the Program on recruitment and retention trends, drawing on administrative data from the Program as well as interviews with program participants. We find pre-apprenticeship programs have improved the recruitment of women into the trades. We further find that non-financial services, ready supplies, and childcare services have a positive impact on completion, with receipt of non-financial support having the largest impact on completion. Gas/travel services are positively associated with completion among apprentices of color. Interview data suggest that additional support services for apprentices as well as structural changes to the industry are needed to achieve construction workforce diversity goals.
Paradigmatic Compatibility Matters: A Critical Review of Qualitative-Quantitative Debate in Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: March 2022

Although mixed methods research becomes increasingly popular, the issue that to what extent qualitative and quantitative research methods can be combined is insufficiently explored. To fill this gap, this critical literature review revisits the qualitative-quantitative debate between proponents and opponents of mixed methods research, examines the underlying philosophical assumptions held by two sides, and provides a new perspective to evaluate research combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. A brief review of the origin and development of mixed methods research is provided, followed by a presentation of the divergent opinions of proponents and opponents of mixed methods research and an illustration of why grounded theory, classified as a qualitative research method, can work well with quantitative studies. These ideas contribute to the conclusion rendered here: paradigmatic differences cannot be reduced to the simplistic duality of qualitative-quantitative debate, and the use of compatible paradigms is the key to mixing different research methods.
Perspectives of the Value in Life among Nursing Professionals: A Q-methodology Study
Authors: Jeon Misoon , Jang Eun Sil , Yeun Eun Ja
Published: March 2022

An individual’s values of life (VL), considered important to coordinate and practice behaviors that are required to accomplish a task in a profession, may vary widely depending on the practice environment. It is important to know and understand the values in life (VL) of nursing professionals who are charged with patients’ health and safety because they are key human resources in health system organizations. This study aims to identify and understand the subjective perspectives of VL in Korean nursing professionals. This study used Q-methodology because it synthesized the advantages of quantitative and qualitative methods. A convenience sample of 29 nursing professionals participated in this study. Twenty selected Q-samples obtained from each participant were classified into a forced distribution using a 7-point grid. The collected data were analyzed using a PC-QUANL program. Q-factor analysis revealed that three types of VL are held by nursing professionals: family-based values, ideal-oriented values, and individual achievement-oriented values. Perspectives of these three types of VL can provide the baseline data to develop customized interventions to support the quality of life of nursing professionals and can also be used to inform health professionals in other countries about the perspectives on VL of Korean nurses.
Blurry Vision as a Presentation of Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report With Review of Current Management
Authors: Adams Tyler Nicholas , Jetly-Shridhar Rachna , Tran Dat , Boulmay Brian C.
Published: March 2022

A patient was diagnosed with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) after the initial findings of anemia and ophthalmological findings of retinal hemorrhage. Upon further workup, the patient was found to have an IgM predominant monoclonal gammopathy on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP). This highlights the need for open communication between different specialties, streamlining rapid and accurate diagnosis. Also highlighted are the unique pathophysiological changes involved in the development of WM. A patient’s primary complaint was blurry vision. After the patient was noted to have a monoclonal gammopathy on SPEP, bone marrow biopsy was performed. The bone marrow biopsy findings were consistent with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). The patient received plasmapheresis and chemotherapy. The disease course is described. The patient saw rapid improvement in all lab abnormalities after the beginning of the appropriate therapy of plasmapheresis and chemotherapy. Remission is common with WM. Regular follow-up with this patient is important.
Is It Real?: Experiencing Entrepreneurship in Only 30 Minutes
Authors: Fleck Emma , Teckchandani Atul , Winkel Doan
Published: March 2022

The Is It Real? exercise gives students a glimpse into the entrepreneurial experience by prompting them to have a brief experience with and reflect on the pressures, constraints, and incentives of new business creation. Given that entrepreneurship education encourages the creation of more ventures, and generally encourages students to act entrepreneurially, this exercise helps students understand the importance of the opportunity formation process and ethical decision-making under pressure. Through a 30-minute moneymaking competition, completed in small teams, students develop an appreciation for the variety of business models, the benefit of creating sustainable revenue streams, and the importance of doing business in an ethical way. The debriefing following the exercise gives students an opportunity to reflect on these activities and learn from the experiences of others in the class, building knowledge of the entrepreneurial experience.
Fast and Sustainable Development Space: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Hung Ly Dai
Published: March 2022

The article investigates the fast and sustainable development, then, discusses some policy implications to enhance the development process. The fast development is accessed by the economic growth rate combined with income distribution, while the sustainable development is accessed by the genuine savings per gross domestic product (GDP) and the biocapacity reserve. The research method employs a quantitative analysis on a data sample of 172 economies over the period 1990–2019. The results in this article suggest that an economy can first attain the objective of fast and weak sustainable development, then, the fast and strong sustainable development. The transmission from fast and weak sustainable development to the fast and strong sustainable development is difficult, thus needs the appropriated public policy architecture.

JEL Classification: Q01, C31, H31
Vascular hyperacetylation is associated with vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in a rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Carrillo-Sepulveda Maria Alicia , Maddie Nicole , Johnson Christina Mary , Burke Cameron , Lutz Osina , Yakoub Bamwa , Kramer Benjamin , Persand Dhandevi
Published: March 2022

Background

Advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction which contributes to the development of vasculopathy, associated with the highest degree of morbidity of T2DM. Lysine acetylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), has been associated with metabolic diseases and its complications. Whether levels of global lysine acetylation are altered in vasculature from advanced T2DM remains undetermined. We hypothesized that VSMC undergoes dysregulation in advanced T2DM which is associated with vascular hyperacetylation.

Methods

Aged male Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese murine model of T2DM, and age-matched male Wistar rats (control group) were used in this study. Thoracic aortas were isolated and examined for measurement of global levels of lysine acetylation, and vascular reactivity studies were conducted using a wire myograph. Direct arterial blood pressure was assessed by carotid catheterization. Cultured human VSMCs were used to investigate whether lysine acetylation participates in high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), a crucial factor triggering diabetic vascular dysfunction.

Results

The GK rats exhibited marked glucose intolerance as well as insulin resistance. Cardiovascular complications in GK rats were confirmed by elevated arterial blood pressure and reduced VSMC-dependent vasorelaxation. These complications were correlated with high levels of vascular global lysine acetylation. Human VSMC cultures incubated under high glucose conditions displayed elevated ROS levels and increased global lysine acetylation. Inhibition of hyperacetylation by garcinol, a lysine acetyltransferase and p300/CBP association factor (PCAF) inhibitor, reduced high glucose-induced ROS production in VSMC.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that vascular hyperacetylation is associated with VSMC dysfunction in advanced T2DM. Understanding lysine acetylation regulation in blood vessels from diabetics may provide insight into the mechanisms of diabetic vascular dysfunction, and opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to treat diabetic vascular complications.
Comparative analysis of the Mercenaria mercenaria genome provides insights into the diversity of transposable elements and immune molecules in bivalve mollusks
Authors: Farhat Sarah , Bonnivard Eric , Pales Espinosa Emmanuelle , Tanguy Arnaud , Boutet Isabelle , Guiglielmoni Nadège , Flot Jean-François , Allam Bassem
Published: March 2022

Background

The hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is a major marine resource along the Atlantic coasts of North America and has been introduced to other continents for resource restoration or aquaculture activities. Significant mortality events have been reported in the species throughout its native range as a result of diseases (microbial infections, leukemia) and acute environmental stress. In this context, the characterization of the hard clam genome can provide highly needed resources to enable basic (e.g., oncogenesis and cancer transmission, adaptation biology) and applied (clam stock enhancement, genomic selection) sciences.

Results

Using a combination of long and short-read sequencing technologies, a 1.86 Gb chromosome-level assembly of the clam genome was generated. The assembly was scaffolded into 19 chromosomes, with an N50 of 83 Mb. Genome annotation yielded 34,728 predicted protein-coding genes, markedly more than the few other members of the Venerida sequenced so far, with coding regions representing only 2% of the assembly. Indeed, more than half of the genome is composed of repeated elements, including transposable elements. Major chromosome rearrangements were detected between this assembly and another recent assembly derived from a genetically segregated clam stock. Comparative analysis of the clam genome allowed the identification of a marked diversification in immune-related proteins, particularly extensive tandem duplications and expansions in tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and C1q domain-containing proteins, some of which were previously shown to play a role in clam interactions with infectious microbes. The study also generated a comparative repertoire highlighting the diversity and, in some instances, the specificity of LTR-retrotransposons elements, particularly Steamer elements in bivalves.

Conclusions

The diversity of immune molecules in M. mercenaria may allow this species to cope with varying and complex microbial and environmental landscapes. The repertoire of transposable elements identified in this study, particularly Steamer elements, should be a prime target for the investigation of cancer cell development and transmission among bivalve mollusks.
Association between self-management behaviour and quality of life in people with heart failure: a retrospective study
Authors: Choi Eui-Young , Park Jin-Sun , Min Deulle , Lee Hye Sun , Ahn Jeong-Ah
Published: March 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables that significantly associated with the quality of life in people with heart failure, and particularly, to identify the association between self-management behaviour and the quality of life.

Methods

This retrospective study used data from heart failure outpatient clinics at two large tertiary medical centres in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea. We enrolled 119 participants who completed echocardiography and stress tests and responded to questionnaires on self-management behaviour and quality of life. We collected more data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and anthropometric and serum blood test results through electronic medical record review. We analysed data using multiple linear regression and the classification and regression tree (CART) method to explore the associated factors with the quality of life in participants with heart failure.

Results

Participants’ mean age was 74.61 years, and women represented 52.1% of the sample. It showed that cardiac systolic function (β = 0.26, p = .013) and self-management behaviour (β = 0.20, p = .048) were two major associated factors with the quality of life in participants with heart failure in the multiple linear regression analysis. Also, cardiac systolic function and self-management behaviour were shown to be the primary determinants for the quality of life in those with heart failure in the CART analysis. Therefore, self-management behaviour of the participants with heart failure was a significant modifiable factor that can improve their quality of life.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of self-management in people with heart failure and help promote their quality of life by enhancing their self-management behaviour as own efforts to properly maintain and monitor the health status and prevent further worsening of heart failure.
Expanding the definition beyond surveillance criteria reveals a large burden of osteomyelitis caused by group B Streptococcus in the United States Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Chengsupanimit Tayoot , Bej Taissa A. , Wilson Brigid , Banks Richard E. , Song Sunah , Briggs Janet M. , Jump Robin L. P. , Perez Federico
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background

Population-based surveillance studies may underestimate osteomyelitis caused by Group B Streptococcus (GBS). We analyzed cases of GBS osteomyelitis, including patients diagnosed using an expanded case definition that incorporates cultures from non-sterile sites, as well as cultures from normally sterile sites.

Methods

We retrospectively examined a cohort of veterans with the diagnosis of osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2017. Cases of definite GBS osteomyelitis required GBS isolation from normally sterile sites, (e.g., blood or bone). Cases of probable GBS osteomyelitis permitted GBS isolation from non-sterile sites (e.g., surgical sites, wounds). We compared comorbid conditions, lower extremity amputation and mortality rates in these groups.

Results

Among 1281 cases of GBS osteomyelitis, the median age was 63 years, 87% had diabetes mellitus and 37% had peripheral vascular disease. Similar characteristics were found in 768 (60%) cases classified as definite and 513 (40%) classified as probable GBS osteomyelitis. Polymicrobial infection was less frequent in patients with definite than with probable GBS osteomyelitis (45% vs. 85%; P < 0.001). Mortality rates within 1-year were similar for definite and probable GBS osteomyelitis (12% vs. 10%). Amputation within 1-year occurred in 21% of those with definite and 10% of those with probable GBS osteomyelitis of the lower extremity, with comparable rates in the subset with monomicrobial infection.

Conclusions

Expanding the definition of GBS osteomyelitis to include cases with cultures from non-sterile sites may be warranted, increasing the estimated burden of GBS osteomyelitis. This can help guide preventive efforts to reduce the impact of GBS osteomyelitis.
Familial multiple sclerosis in patients with Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Nath Samir R. , Grewal Prabhjot , Cho Thomas , Mao-Draayer Yang
Published: March 2022

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune demyelinating disorder. Recent studies suggest that a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental insult contributes to its pathogenesis. Many candidate genes have been discovered to modulate susceptibility for developing MS by genome wide association studies (GWAS); these include major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and non-MHC genes. MS cases in the context of genetic diseases may provide different approaches and clues towards identifying novel genes and pathways involved in MS pathogenesis. Here, we present a case series of two related patients with concomitant Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) and MS.

Case presentation

We present two patients, a mother (case 1) and daughter (case 2), who developed superimposed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the background of the autosomal dominant genetic disorder VHLD. Several tumors characteristic of VHLD developed in both cases with pancreatic and renal neoplasms and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. In addition, both patients developed clinical symptoms consistent with multiple sclerosis, supported by radiologic lesions disseminating in time and space.

Conclusion

Though non-MHC susceptibility genes remain elusive in MS, we present the striking finding of superimposed multiple sclerosis in a mother and daughter with VHLD. The VHL gene is known to be the primary regulator of Nrf2, the well-established target of the FDA-approved therapeutic dimethyl fumarate. These cases provide support for further studies to determine whether VHLD pathway related genes represent a novel genetic link in multiple sclerosis.
Impact of unintended initial dissection of the posterior plane during SMILE surgery on surgery time and visual outcomes
Authors: Zheng Ke , Han Yinan , Wang Jing , Han Tian , Zhou Xingtao
Published: March 2022

Background

To study the impact of unintended initial dissection of the posterior plane (UIDPP) on operation time and surgical outcomes during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Based on the SMILE procedure video, the operating eyes were assigned to the normal and UIDPP groups according to the presence or absence of UIDPP signals during surgery. The UIDPP group was further separated into early and late detection based on whether the complete dissection of the lenticule posterior plane or not. Patient's demographic data, preoperative evaluation data, operation time and postoperative outcomes were collected.

Results

Sixty-six patients (66 eyes) who underwent SMILE were included, with 24 eyes with UIDPP (13 in the early detection group and 11 in the late group). The optical zone was smaller (median 6.5 vs. 6.6, P = 0.007), and the operation time was longer (median, 189.5 vs. 91.0 s, P < 0.001) in the UIDPP group compared with normal group. There were significant differences in operation time between the late detection group and early detection group (median, 489.0 vs. 139.0 s, P < 0.05) and between the late detection group and normal group (median 489.0 vs. 91.0 s, P < 0.05), while the optical zone was different only between the late detection and normal groups (median, 6.5 vs. 6.6, P < 0.05). At the one-year follow-up, UDVA was better than or equal to 20/20 in 87.5% of eyes, and 75% of eyes were within ± 0.5 D of the intended refractive target. One eye lost one Snellen line.

Conclusion

The occurrence of UIDPP will significantly prolong the operation time, but not affect the recovery of long-term visual acuity after surgery. Detecting UIDPP earlier could help shorten the operation time.
Transdiagnostic alterations in neural emotion regulation circuits – neural substrates of cognitive reappraisal in patients with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Keller Micha , Mendoza-Quiñones Raul , Cabrera Muñoz Amaray , Iglesias-Fuster Jorge , Virués Anette Valdés , Zvyagintsev Mikhail , Edgar J. Christopher , Zweerings Jana , Mathiak Klaus
Published: March 2022

Background

Impaired cognitive reappraisal, associated with the social functioning and well-being of patients affected by mood or anxiety disorders, is characterized by distinct neural activation patterns across clinical populations. To date, studies dedicated to identifying common and distinct neural activation profiles need to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate transdiagnostic differences and commonalities in brain activation patterns during reappraisal-mediated downregulation of emotions.

Methods

Cognitive reappraisal of negative images was contrasted with maintaining emotions during a control viewing condition. Brain activation in 35 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 20 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 34 healthy controls (HC) during cognitive reappraisal was compared. Moreover, the neural circuitry of emotion regulation in these clinical populations was examined using seed-to-voxel and voxel-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses.

Results

Whole-brain fMRI analyses showed less right-lateralized activation of the inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyrus during cognitive reappraisal compared to viewing of negative images in MDD and PTSD patients compared to HCs. Right IFG activation was negatively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depressive symptomatology. In addition, increased seed-to-voxel connectivity of the right IFG as well as increased voxel-to-voxel connectivity was observed in PTSD patients compared to HCs and MDD patients.

Conclusions

FMRI results therefore suggested a common deficit of depression and anxiety symptomatology reflected by reduced activation in right IFG during cognitive reappraisal as well as diagnosis specific effects in patients with PTSD based on seed-to-voxel and voxel-to-voxel connectivity showing an overactive and hyperconnected salience network. Findings highlight the role of transdiagnostic research to identify disorder specific brain patterns as well as patterns common across disorders.
Research on interpersonal violence in schizophrenia: based on different victim types
Authors: He Yong , Gu Yan , Yu Meiling , Li Yan , Li Gangqin , Hu Zeqing
Published: March 2022

Background

Schizophrenia is one of the most common severe mental disorders associated with an increased risk of violence. The present study compares the demographical, clinical, and criminological characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia who committed different types of violence to relatives, acquaintances, or strangers.

Method

Archives of the violent offenders with schizophrenia referred to forensic psychiatric assessments from January 2015 to December 2019 in the West China Forensic Medicine Assessment Center in China were analyzed. The demographic information, mental illness history, and criminological characteristics of the offenders were collected. The clinical symptoms, previous violent behaviors, and social deficits were also evaluated. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were enrolled to do the statistical analysis.

Results

The study enrolled 332 cases: 165 cases (49.7%) in the acquaintance victim group (AV), 96 cases (28.9%) in the relative victim group (RV), and 71 cases (21.4%) in the stranger victim group (SV). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients were less likely to attack relatives (OR = 0.966, 95% CI = 0.944–0.990; p = 0.005), and strangers, (OR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.944–0.998; p = 0.034). Patients who lived with others were more inclined to attack relatives (OR = 15.057, 95% CI = 3.508–64.628; p < 0.001). Additionally, employed patients were more likely to attack strangers (OR = 2.034, 95% CI = 1.036–3.994; p = 0.039). The regression equation did not include psychiatric symptoms. For RV and AV victims, the risk of death was higher compared to that of SV victims (OR = 13.778, p < 0.001; OR = 2.663, p = 0.014).

Conclusion

In the interpersonal violence cases committed by schizophrenia patients, the victim type correlates with demographic characteristics of offenders such as living situation, age, and employment status, but not with the psychiatric symptoms. The majority of victims were acquaintances and relatives, and the relative victims having more severe injuries. In order to decrease interpersonal violence, especially violent crimes, more people, especially family members and neighbors, should be educated about symptoms of schizophrenia, the ways to communicate with the patients, and the methods for crisis management.