bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Energías renovables”. Una unidad didáctica en “El Mundo de Pandora”
Authors: Balibrea Melero Antonio , De Pro Bueno Antonio
Published: September 2018

Pensamos que los contenidos de la materia “Cultura Científica” o los de “Tecnologías”, son una oportunidad para trabajar en grupo, contagiar a los alumnos nuestra curiosidad para preguntarse qué es, para qué sirve, de dónde procede, cómo se hace...Creemos que debemos poner en juego una característica olvidada de los alumnos: la imaginación. Mediante la novela “El Mundo de Pandora” (Balibrea, 2009) situamos a los estudiantes en un mundo destruido. En esta situación, los protagonistas necesitarán conocimientos para sobrevivir. Estos se irán aprendiendo en nuestra propuesta en el mismo orden que aparecen en la novela. Para solucionar algunas situaciones los personajes también se verán obligados a construir utensilios como un aerogenerador. Este es uno de los problemas a los que se enfrentarán nuestros alumnos en el taller.En este trabajo fundamentamos y desarrollamos una unidad didáctica innovadora destinada a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: “Energías renovables”.
Enseñar y aprender sobre naturaleza de la ciencia mediante el análisis de controversias de historia de la ciencia: resultados y conclusiones de un proyecto de investigación didáctica
Authors: Acevedo-Díaz José Antonio , García-Carmona Antonio , Aragón María del Mar
Published: September 2018

Reseña de libro: Enseñar y aprender sobre naturaleza de la ciencia mediante el análisis de controversias de historia de la ciencia: resultados y conclusiones de un proyecto de investigación didáctica
The Spanning Tree of a Divisible Multiple Graph
Authors: Smirnov Alexander V.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we study undirected multiple graphs of any natural multiplicity k > 1. There are edges of three types: ordinary edges, multiple edges and multi-edges. Each edge of the last two types is a union of k linked edges, which connect 2 or k + 1 vertices, correspondingly. The linked edges should be used simultaneously. If a vertex is incident to a multiple edge, it can be also incident to other multiple edges, and it can be the common ending vertex to k linked edges of a multi-edge. If a vertex is the common end of some multi-edge, it cannot be the common end of any other multi-edge. Special attention is paid to the class of divisible multiple graphs. The main peculiarity of them is a possibility to divide the graph into k parts, which are adjusted on the linked edges and which have no common edges. Each part is an ordinary graph. The definition of a multiple tree is stated and the basic properties of such trees are studied. Unlike ordinary trees, the number of edges in a multiple tree is not fixed. In the article, the evaluation of the minimum and maximum number of edges in the divisible tree is stated and proved. Next, the definitions of the spanning tree and the complete spanning tree of a multiple graph are given. The criterion of completeness of the spanning tree is proved for divisible graphs. It is also proved that a complete spanning tree exists in any divisible graph. If the multiple graph is weighted, the minimum spanning tree problem and the minimum complete spanning tree problem can be set. In the article, we suggest a heuristic algorithm for the minimum complete spanning tree problem for a divisible graph.
RussianLanguage Thesauri: Automated Construction and Application For Natural Language Processing Tasks
Authors: Lagutina Nadezhda S. , Lagutina Ksenia V. , Adrianov Aleksey S. , Paramonov Ilya V.
Published: September 2018

The paper reviews the existing Russian-language thesauri in digital form and methods of their automatic construction and application. The authors analyzed the main characteristics of open access thesauri for scientific research, evaluated trends of their development, and their effectiveness in solving natural language processing tasks. The statistical and linguistic methods of thesaurus construction that allow to automate the development and reduce labor costs of expert linguists were studied. In particular, the authors considered algorithms for extracting keywords and semantic thesaurus relationships of all types, as well as the quality of thesauri generated with the use of these tools. To illustrate features of various methods for constructing thesaurus relationships, the authors developed a combined method that generates a specialized thesaurus fully automatically taking into account a text corpus in a particular domain and several existing linguistic resources. With the proposed method, experiments were conducted with two Russian-language text corpora from two subject areas: articles about migrants and tweets. The resulting thesauri were assessed by using an integrated assessment developed in the previous authors’ study that allows to analyze various aspects of the thesaurus and the quality of the generation methods. The analysis revealed the main advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the construction of thesauri and the extraction of semantic relationships of different types, as well as made it possible to determine directions for future study.
Recreational development in the settlements of the Warta Valley in Wielkopolska
Authors: Januchta-Szostak Anna , Karaśkiewicz Agata
Published: September 2018

Riverside areas have substantial recreational and tourist assets, but their potential in the settlements of Wielkopolska is underused due to difficult access to the river and the poor development of the embankments. The aim of the research is to analyse the functional-spatial structure and the development of River Warta areas in the settlements of Wielkopolska with respect to their usefulness in recreation. Particular attention is paid to accessibility and the location of recreational infrastructure in the Warta Valley. Out of the eleven Wielkopolska settlements which were included, only in four – Konin, Śrem, Poznań and Sieraków – had sections of embankment boulevards been built. In the riverside areas there are few recreational facilities used in connection with the close proximity of the river. However, a great tourist asset of the Warta Valley is the Great Waterway Loop of Wielkopolska, which operates successfully due to the growing number of harbours and marinas in all the settlements included in the study.
The attractiveness of selected Central European countries for winter sports and mountain hiking
Authors: Krzesiwo Kinga , Ziółkowska-Weiss Kamila , Żemła Michał
Published: September 2018

Hiking, downhill skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular forms of active tourism in mountainous areas. Their popularity and their mass scale do not only result from the presence of the appropriate landscape, but also from its appropriate development. The objective of the article is to attempt to assess the attractiveness of selected Central European countries in terms of winter sports and mountain hiking, to consider the opinions of students who live in Visegrad Group countries, as well as to evaluate the barriers to development of their competitive offers. According to respondents, the most attractive countries for winter sports are Austria and Slovakia, and the least attractive are Hungary, Romania and Lithuania. In turn, according to the students, the best conditions for mountain hiking are in Slovakia, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. In addition, respondents from particular countries assessed domestic offers highly.
The impact of the perception of leisure on recreational and tourism spaces in an urban area
Authors: Meyer Beata , Niezgoda Agnieszka
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to identify relations between the changing perception of leisure and the creation of tourism and recreational spaces in urban areas. The authors focus in particular on changes associated with the so-called ‘third wave’ (TOFFLER 2001), time compression (NIEZGODA 2017), and departure from synchronization. These considerations are illustrated by an analysis of the recreational activity of Szczecin residents and of tourists, and attempt identifying the relations between recreational space and tourism space. With the constant compression of leisure time, tourism activities become more similar to the leisure activities of residents, which means both types occur in the same environment. Urban recreational and tourism spaces overlap in a way that makes it impossible to separate them, but still allows the distinction of certain sub-spaces where either tourism or recreational behavior prevails.
Benefits of Rereading Texts about Folklore by Professor Kazimiera Zawistowicz-Adamska
Authors: Wieruszewska Maria
Published: September 2018

The paper presents and analyses views of the scholar, ethnographer and founder of the so-called Łódź school of ethnography, Kazimiera Zawistowicz-Adamska (1897–1984) concerning the issues of cognitive difficulties they encountered – as well as some that are still experienced by folklore researchers.

While perceiving a close relationship between folklore and folk artistic culture this scholar emphasized the extent of studies devoted to these issues in the global science and their popularity in non-scientific circles. Simultaneously, she presented an opinion that ethnographers should not be constrained to studies on so-called material culture that is always conditioned socially and always appears in the context of phenomena (fairly conventionally) of both, social and spiritual culture. Thus, the scholar’s standpoint functions as a kind of conciliation for op-posing standpoints – supporters of things, on the one hand, and defenders of symbols on the other.
Significados do “Mar de Minas”: percepções dos moradores de Alfenas e Fama relativas ao lago de Furnas (1963-1999)
Authors: Martins Marcos Lobato
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho analisa percepções das populações de Alfenas e Fama referentes ao lago de Furnas, de 1963 a 1999. Utilizam-se memorialistas, jornais e testemunhos de moradores. Conclui-se que a trajetória destas percepções dependeu do aparecimento de diferentes formas de apropriação e relacionamento com o lago, indo de imagem negativa a outra positiva. A represa foi “naturalizada” e incorporada ao cotidiano regional.
Inventário do Patrimônio Ferroviário
Authors: Geribello Denise Fernandes
Published: September 2018

Tendo em vista a importância do inventário para a preservação e gestão do patrimônio ferroviário, este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre o ato de inventariar e apresenta o inventário integrante da pesquisa de mestrado Habitar o Patrimônio Cultural: o caso do ramal ferroviário Anhumas – Jaguariúna, em desenvolvimento no Departamento de História da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O seguinte texto aborda tanto questões de âmbito geral do patrimônio cultural relativas ao inventário quanto especificidades do patrimônio material ferroviário, tendo como objeto de estudo o trecho da antiga Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro entre as Estações Anhumas e Jaguariúna, localizado nos municípios de Campinas e Jaguariúna, Estado de São Paulo.
A formação de um espaço de civilidade em Natal [RN], Praça Augusto Severo (1845-1913)
Authors: Rodrigues Wagner do Nascimento
Published: September 2018

Durante o século XIX a centralidade de Natal foi ameaçada por outros entrepostos comerciais, surgidos para contornar os obstáculos naturais que dificultavam o escoamento da produção da província do Rio Grande do Norte pela capital. Chega-se a conjecturar a mudança da capital em 1873 ao se buscar novas soluções para esse embate. No final do século XIX um novo ciclo de investimentos se esboça. Ele é marcado pela introdução de um novo meio de transporte que alterava drasticamente a escala espaço-temporal. Esse equipamento marcava a chegada da modernidade nas intervenções territoriais, em que as redes urbanas ganhavam um caráter cada vez mais deliberativo. As novas políticas territoriais eram claramente orientadas para a centralização dos fluxos na capital.Seja para aperfeiçoar os lucros de uma ferrovia particular, ou para obedecer a um plano nacional de fortalecimento das capitais portuárias o objetivo era o mesmo: concentrar em um único ponto – a capital – os meios de transporte. O controle do território deixou marcos físicos muito visíveis na Capital. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como essas políticas territoriais se evidenciaram no espaço urbano da capital do Rio Grande do Norte, contribuindo para construir uma nova centralidade na cidade, que se firmou posteriormente como seu principal espaço de representação da civilidade.
As manufaturas de fumo do Recôncavo Baiano
Authors: Mota Luciana Guerra Santos
Published: September 2018

O fumo se fez presente no Recôncavo Baiano desde o século XVII, quando se deu o início do seu aproveitamento enquanto mercadoria. A implantação das manufaturas de fumo durante o século XIX foi de grande importância no desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da região. A partir da década de 1930 ocorreu um período de decadência e fechamento da maioria das fábricas, tendo como conseqüência o abandono, destruição e alteração das antigas fábricas e armazéns. O que poderia somar para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico e cultural de uma região está sendo perdido. A atribuição de exemplares de manufaturas de fumo enquanto patrimônio cultural chamaria a atenção para o desenvolvimento de políticas em prol da sua preservação. Para compreender se estas podem ser consideradas enquanto tal é preciso entender o significado do que seria patrimônio cultural e como se dá a sua formação e a escolha dos bens que farão parte desse seleto grupo. Mesmo assim, ainda não seria possível chegar a uma conclusão, devido à falta de pesquisas relacionadas sobre o assunto.
Tipologias arquitetônicas das queijarias artesanais no semi-árido alagoano
Authors: Mendonça Ariadne Aguiar Vitório , Toledo Alexandre Márcio
Published: September 2018

Neste trabalho apresentam-se as tipologias arquitetônicas das queijarias artesanais do semi-árido alagoano, relacionando e verificando as transformações na estrutura física principalmente com as exigências as normas que tratam da higiene e segurança alimentar sobre os produtos lácteos. O objetivo é identificar às categorias tipológicas das queijarias de queijo de coalho e de queijo de manteiga, verificando o atendimento as regulamentações. A caracterização da arquitetura rural pode ser melhor compreendida pela conexão entre o ambiente construído, a atividade produtiva e a cultura, no esforço de identificarem-se as especificidades construtivas ao nível local. Este trabalho teve como base teórica, a determinada por Argollo de co-evolução. As tipologias arquitetônicas das queijarias foram classificadas em três grupos, o tradicional (Fabriqueta), intermediário (Fabriqueta ou Laticínio) e industrial (Laticínio), baseado em critérios relativos ao processo produtivo e ao espaço físico, com respeito à parte interna e externa da propriedade, composição e organização.
O arranjo produtivo local de morangos e a arquitetura rural de Atibaia [SP]
Authors: Perecin Antonio Laercio , Argollo Ferrão André Munhoz de
Published: September 2018

O trabalho visa mostrar que é possível correlacionar a arquitetura rural, através da análise do arranjo produtivo do morango, com os processos que nele ocorrem. A arquitetura rural aqui é vista como aquela resultante dos processos de produção agrícola e assume importância quando é necessário conhecer um determinado espaço rural com a finalidade de planejamento do desenvolvimento regional. Concluiu-se que existe uma correlação entre os processos que ocorrem no arranjo produtivo e a arquitetura que dele resulta.
Fazendas históricas da região de Limeira [SP]: reconhecimento e valorização das paisagens culturais
Authors: Scariato Juliana Binotti Pereira
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte do resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida para a obtenção do titulo de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Programa de Pós-graduação da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Unicamp – com o objetivo de identificar o patrimônio cultural de sete fazendas históricas, localizadas na região de Limeira [SP], formadas a partir do século XIX. O estudo demonstra a importância deste patrimônio agrário, que forma um conjunto de “Fazendas Históricas” que compõe atualmente o programa turístico da Prefeitura Municipal de Limeira. Uma análise comparativa entre estas propriedades, com mapas, fotos e levantamentos de campo permitiu identificar a arquitetura rural e o processo de desenvolvimento agrícola em cada contexto. Realizou-se, também, uma análise entre fichas de inventário aplicadas no país, que serviu de base para o desenvolvimento de uma ficha própria, a qual contribuiu para o inventariamento do conjunto de bens imóveis destas propriedades. Com o inventário e catalogação do patrimônio edificado, foi possível relacionar as fazendas através de seu contexto cultural, buscando uma reflexão sobre a sua ordenação territorial com o intuito de reconhecer as transformações agrárias ali ocorridas, que proporcionaram o desenvolvimento do processo de pré- industrialização da região. O reconhecimento destes “cenários” é importante para a preservação de “paisagens culturais” voltadas para o turismo agroecológico.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Pola Pemberian Makan dengan Status Gizi Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Nirmala Sari Milda Riski , Ratnawati Leersia Yusi
Published: September 2018

Background: Childhood is often declared as a critical time for brain to grow and develop optimally which are influenced by parenting methods, one of them is feeding method as a portal of entry to fulfil all nutrient needs. However, a poor feeding method can affect toddlers’ nutritional status sometimes. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to analyze the relation between mothers’ konowledge about feeding method towards toddlers’ nutritional status.Methode: This is an observational study using a cross sectional design, conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep. The amount of the samples are 30 toddlers with age range between 24 to 60 months along with their family, chosen randomly among 2.124 recorded toddlers under Puskesmas Gapura’s working area. Mothers’ knowledge about feeding method as the primary data source is obtained through interview with the toddlers’ parents or family. Data are analyzed using Chi-square statistical test.Results: The result states that there is a relation between mothers’ knowledge of feeding method and nutritional status of the toddlers (p < 0,05).Conclusion: Advice given is to improve mothers’ knowledge of feeding method for their toddlers through counseling held by the health providers.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Masa balita sering dinyatakan sebagai masa kritis untuk optimalisasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh pola asuh orang tua, salah satunya dalam pola pemberian makan sebagai pintu masuk pemenuhan berbagai kebutuhan unsur zat gizi. Akan tetapi, ada kalanya pola pemberian makan yang kurang baik dapat mempengaruhi status gizi balita tersebut.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu mengenai pola pemberian makan terhadap status gizi balita.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep. Besar sampel sebanyak 30 balita dengan rentang umur 24-60 bulan beserta keluarganya, yang dipilih secara acak dari jumlah keseluruhan 2.124 balita tercatat di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gapura. Pengetahuan ibu mengenai pola pemberian makan sebagai sumber data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan orang tua atau keluarga balita. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan pola pemberian makan dengan status gizi balita (p < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Saran yang diberikan yaitu dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pola pemberian makan pada balita melalui penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan pada saat posyandu.
Nurses Education and Motivation Towards Nursing Documentation
Authors: Mediarti Devi , Rehana Rehana , Abunyamin Abunyamin
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Nursing documentation is an integral part that cannot be separated from healthcare as a responsibility and accountability of nurses. High education and motivation are needed to achieve good nursing documentation. The aim of this study was to know the correlation between education and motivation of nurses towards Intensive Care nursing documentation.Methods: The design used was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The population was nurses in intensive care of Palembang BARI Hospital with as many as 46 nurses and 44 samples obtained with total sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire and observational and were analyzed by Chi-Square. Independent variables are education and motivation of nurses and the dependent variable is nursing documentation.Results: There was a correlation between education (p=0.035) and motivation (p=0.040) of nurses towards nursing documentation.Conclusion: High education and motivation of nurses influenced towards the quality of nursing education. The nursing manager of the hospital is recommended affording the opportunity to support human resources in the hospital, especially for nurses to participate in education, in accordance with the demands of legislation in nursing education, and to organize the training of nursing documentation.
The Development of Model Family-Centered Empowerment on Caring for Children with Leukemia
Authors: Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Nursalam Nursalam , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Savage Eileen
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Children with leukemia desperately need serious attention, commitment and it is a hard struggle for family members. Powerlessness experienced by the family will affect the ability of the families to provide care for their children. Many factors can affect the empowerment of families in providing care to their families.Methods: The purpose of this study was to develop a family-centered empowerment model related to the family's ability to care for their child suffering from leukemia. The research design used was an explanation survey. The sample consisted of 140 families with children suffering from leukemia in the pediatric ward of Dr. Soetomo Hospital.Results: The family-centered empowerment model was formed from the family factor, patient factor and nurse factor. The greatest effect was on the nurse factor, with the T statistic value = 6.590.Conclusion: Family factors and nurse factors need to be taken into account in family-centered empowerment. The patient factor has little influence on family empowerment in relation to caring for children. More research is needed on family-centered empowerment models in relation to their ability to care for children with leukemia. For example, a nurse providing a nursing intervention, especially a pediatric nurse, in relation to empowering a parent at the time of caring for their child with leukemia.
FAKTOR PENENTU INTENSI BERPERILAKU TIDAK MEROKOK PADA REMAJA PUTRA DI SMA NEGERI 1 TUBAN TAHUN 2015
Authors: Fauzia Wemmy Noor
Published: September 2018

The majority of smoking behavior began in adolescence. According to the data from WHO (2008), 33,3% of the 1,3 billion smoker in the world came from the global population aged 15 years and older. Data from Riskesdas 2013 also showed that in Indonesia, the highest population of the fi rst time smoking in the age group 15–19 years. When someone started to smoke, there must be an underlying intention, which is often infl uenced by various factors. The purpose of this study was to know the factors that influence of no smoking intention in young men, by used subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. This study was quantitative research with proportioned stratifi ed random sampling method of sampling. Selected samples were 68 young men that scattered in X and XI class of SMA Negeri 1 Tuban. The results showed that subjective norm (p = 0,002) and perceived behavioral control (p = 0,047) had a significant effect of the not smoke intention. Subjective norm owned by the young men, showed a tendency not to smoke intention 56,84 times greater than the intention to smoke. If young men had a better control on his behavior, the tendency not to smoke intention 15,06 times greater than the intention to smoke. It can be concluded that the intention of young men in SMA Negeri 1 Tuban not to smoke is infl uenced by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.Keywords: no smoking intention, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm
PENGARUH PERSONAL REFERENCE, THOUGHT AND FEELING TERHADAP KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI SANTRI PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN X
Authors: Nazira Amanda , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini
Published: September 2018

There are still many reproductive health problems in Indonesia which require attention from all parties. The reproductive health problems are caused by the lack of knowledge, comprehension and low responsibility among adolescents along with the limited access to the information of reproductive organs and functions. Therefore, personal hygiene in term of proper treatment for the reproductive organs is needed to decrease the problem of infectious diseases on reproductive organs. This study was conducted to examine the effect of personal reference, thought and feeling with behavioral treatments of reproductive organs among female students at X Islamic Boarding School, Jombang. This study employed observational design since the data collection was obtained without treatment of the sample as well as using cross sectional study design to the 45 respondents. The respondents were drawn from a population based on the simple random sampling method. The results of logistic regression test indicated that the factors which infl uence behavioral treatments on reproductive organs among female students are the respondents knowledge (p = 0,029; OR = 0,165), attitude (p = 0,009; OR = 0,113) and personal reference (p = 0,049; OR = 0,199). The personal reference was the most infl uent factor among female students in conducting behavioral treatment of their reproductive organs at X Islamic Boarding School, Jombang.Keywords: female students, Islamic boarding school, personal reference, reproductive health, thoughtand feeling.
Combination of palonosetron-dexamethasone is more effective than ondansetron-dexamethasone as single cisplatin antiemetic chemotherapy
Authors: Putra Agung Sunarko , Suhatno Suhatno
Published: September 2018

Objective: To know the efficacy differences between two groups of drug combination ondansetron-dexamethasone (A) and ondan-setron-dexamethasone (B) to prevent emetic rsponses after chemotherapy cisplatin administration (CINV).Materials and Methods: A prospective double blind randomized clinical trial study held in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital involving 66 subjects, devide into two groups randomly 33 patients each. One group receive palonosetron-dexamethasone combination therapy compare to ondansetron-dexamethasone combination as standart therapy in gynecologic oncology Dr. Soetomo Hospital in a control group as cisplatin chemotharapy CINV prophylaxis. The research was conducted from June till October 2014 in the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital-Surabaya. Assessment and measurement of the response of nausea and frequency of vomiting according Gralla scale, changes in plasma density and electrolyte serum (Na, K, and Cl) as a result of dehydration caused by nausea and vomiting, as well as counting the onset of nausea and vomiting occur.Results: There was significant differences between the results of the combination therapy compared ondansetron-dexamethasone to palonosetron-dexamethasone for nausea and vomiting (p=0,001). 31 subjects suffers nausea in ondansetron group, while 9 subjects suffers nausea in palonosetron group. Vomiting occurs in 17 subjects from ondansetron group, and only 1 subject from palono-setron group during study. Changes in plasma density significant in palonosetron group, and natrium in ondansetron group. For K and Cl not significantly difference in both groups before and after cisplatin chemotherapy administration.Conclusion: Palonosetron-dexamethasone combination is super-ior as cisplatin CINV prophylaxis in response to nausea and vomiting frequency, and also give longer protection compare to ondansetron-dexamethasone significantly. The plasma density and electrolyte serum changes are varied in numbers and also influenced by many factors including physical status and nutrition, also intake of each patients.
Sambiloto (AS201-01) is better than standard antimalarial drug (DHP) in reducing Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) on placenta malaria model
Authors: Hamidah Masyitah , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Widjiati Widjiati , Prasetyo Budi
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To compare the TLR2 expression in the placenta between treated by sambiloto EA-96 fraction tablet (AS201-01) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate (DHP)Materials and Methods: Experimental study using 24 pregnant mice. All sample divided into 4 groups with randomization are uninfected group, Plasmodium infected group and given placebo, sambiloto (AS201-01) and DHP. Then performed surgery and placental sampling were staining with adopting in tunnel assay method to measure the TLR2 expression of placental.Results: The expression of TLR2 in uninfected group has the lowest rate compared to other groups. The infected and placebo treated group has the highest TLR2 expression campared with sambiloto and DHP. The sambiloto group has not differ signi-ficantly with the group uninfected and lower than DHP.Conclusion: Tablet of sambiloto EA-96 fraction (AS201-01) decreased TLR2 expession better than with DHP tablet.
The Impact of the Cosmological Constant on the Newtonian Gravity
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: September 2018

By solving the weak field limit of Einstein’s Field Equation including the Cosmological Constant, under the constraint of spherical isotropy, it is shown that, at large cosmological distance, the gravitational force exceeds the one that is predicted by Newton’s gravity law, such that it corresponds with Milgrom’s MOND hypothesis.  However, the resulting prediction that, at extremely large distances, gravity with some spatial periodicity turns on-and-off into antigravity marks a decisive difference.
Quantum Rayleigh Annihilation of Entangled Photons
Authors: Vatarescu Andre
Published: September 2018

The interpretation of published experimental results intended to prove the existence of a quantum phenomenon of non-locality involving photonic entangled states did not take into consideration the existence of the quantum Rayleigh conversion of photons in dielectric media. This phenomenon leads to the existence of high levels of correlations between two independent photonic and linearly polarized quantum states generated after the entangled photons have been absorbed through the quantum Rayleigh conversion. Both pure and mixed individual states of polarization result in expressions normally associated with entangled photonic states, providing support for the view that the physical reality of quantum non-locality is highly questionable.
A Closer Look into the Role of Protein Tau in the Identification of Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Khan Rubayat Islam , Nirzhor Saif Shahriar Rahman , Rashid Barnaly
Published: September 2018

One of the most commonly known chronic neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), manifests the common type of dementia in 60–80% of cases. From a clinical standpoint, a patent cognitive decline and a severe change in personality, as caused by a loss of neurons, is~usually evident in AD with about 50 million people affected in 2016. The disease progression in patients is distinguished by a gradual plummet in cognitive functions, eliciting symptoms such as memory loss, and eventually requiring full-time medical care. From a histopathological standpoint, the~defining characteristics are intracellular aggregations of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and depositions of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) in the brain. The~abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein is attributed to a wide gamut of neurological disorders known as tauopathies. In addition to the hyperphosphorylated tau lesions, neuroinflammatory processes could occur in a sustained manner through astro-glial activation, resulting in the disease progression. Recent findings have suggested a strong interplay between the mechanism of Tau phosphorylation, disruption of microtubules, and synaptic loss and pathology of AD. The mechanisms underlying these interactions along with their respective consequences in Tau pathology are still ill-defined. Thus, in this review: (1) we highlight the interplays existing between Tau pathology and AD; and (2) take a closer look into its role while identifying some promising therapeutic advances including state of the art imaging~techniques.
Bohmian Quantum Mechanics Revisited
Authors: Arbab Arbab
Published: September 2018

By expressing the Schrödinger wave function in the form ψ = R e i S / ℏ , where R and S are real functions, we have shown that the expectation value of S is conserved. The amplitude of the wave (R) is found to satisfy the Schrödinger equation while the phase (S) is related to the energy conservation. Besides the quantum potential that depends on R, viz., V Q = - ℏ 2 2 m ∇ 2 R R , we have obtained a spin potential V S = - S ∇ 2 S m that depends on S which is attributed to the particle spin. The spin force is found to give rise to dissipative viscous force. The quantum potential may be attributed to the interaction between the two subfields S and R comprising the quantum particle. This results in splitting (creation/annihilation) of these subfields, each having a mass m c 2 with an internal frequency of 2 m c 2 / ℏ , satisfying the original wave equation and endowing the particle its quantum nature. The mass of one subfield reflects the interaction with the other subfield. If in Bohmian ansatz R satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation, then S must satisfies the wave equation. Conversely, if R satisfies the wave equation, then S yields the Einstein relativistic energy momentum equation.
Commercial Bank Money, Seigniorage, and the Macroeconomy
Authors: Bossone Biagio
Published: September 2018

This article evaluates the macroeconomic implications of commercial bank seigniorage, which emerges from the commercial banks’ power to create money in a fractional reserves regime. After evaluating the impact on aggregate output of commercial bank money relative to alternative exchange arrangements, the article identifies the determinants of commercial bank seigniorage and analyzes how equilibrium prices are determined in an economy where commercial banks extract seigniorage. The article also identifies the conditions under which commercial banks extract seigniorage, clarifies the relationship between seigniorage from commercial bank money creation and profits from pure financial intermediation, and shows how commercial bank seigniorage changes with different types of interbank payments settlement.
Seed Rain and Seedling Establishment of Picea glauca and Abies balsamea after Partial Cutting in Plantations and Natural Stands
Authors: Gagné Laurent , Sirois Luc , Lavoie Luc
Published: September 2018

This study documents the conditions associated to white spruce and balsam fir regeneration after partial cutting. Measurements were collected 9 to 30 years after partial cutting in 12 natural fir stands and 5 white spruce plantations. We estimated seed input, measured light reaching the undergrowth, recorded seedlings (<150 cm) and their age on 6 different seedling establishment substrates: mineral soil, moss, rotten wood, litterfall, herbaceous and dead wood. Partial cutting generally favours the establishment and growth of seedlings. The number of fir and spruce seedlings is always greater in natural stands than in plantations, a trend likely associated with the reduced abundance of preferential establishment substrate in the latter. White spruce significantly prefers rotten wood while fir settles on all types of substrates that cover at least 10% of the forest floor. There is a strong relationship between light intensity and the median height of spruce seedlings, but this relationship is non-significant for fir. Seedlings of both species can survive at incident light intensities as low as 3%, but an intensity of 15% or more seems to offer the best growth conditions. The conditions for successful forest regeneration proposed in this study should be applied when the goal is to establish a new stand prior to clear cutting or to convert stand structure.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Substituted-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl) Pyrazoles as Selective ALK5 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Li-Min , Guo Zhen , Xue Yi-Jie , Min Jun Zhe , Zhu Wen-Jing , Li Xiang-Yu , Piao Hu-Ri , Jin Cheng Hua
Published: September 2018

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in which overexpression have been associated with various diseases, has become an attractive molecular target for the treatment of cancers. Three series of 3-substituted-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl) pyrazoles 14a–h, 15a–h, 16a–h, 22a, 22b, 22d, 23a, 23b, 23d, 24b, and 24d were synthesized and evaluated for their activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) and p38α mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitory activity in an enzymatic assays. Among these compounds, the most active compound 16f inhibited ALK5 phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 0.28 µM, with 98% inhibition at 10 µM. Compound 16f also had good selectivity index of >35 against p38α MAP kinase, with 9.0-fold more selective than clinical candidate, compound 3 (LY-2157299). Molecular docking study was performed to identify the mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds and their good binding interactions were observed. ADMET prediction of good active compounds showed that these ones possess good pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness behavior.
The Classification of Design Elements for the Food and Beverage Service Business: an Original Review for the Service Innovation
Authors: Nam Ki Woong , Kim Boyoung , Carnie Bruce W
Published: September 2018

1) Background: In service business areas, design enhances the customer experience through the elements which anticipate specific emotional responses of customers. Many service companies are keen to develop and examine design elements from the customer perspective. Furthermore, recently, having considered the significance of customers’ emotional responses by design elements, categorising design elements into manageable dimensions can facilitate the evaluation of design elements. However, design elements and dimensions of design value are not defined in the current service marketing literature, and companies need a measurement tool and managerial guideline to their innovative value creation and compelling service delivery. For these reasons, this research aims to categorise the design value dimensions and propose the managerial implication for the innovative use of design; 2) Methods: This study used the mixed methodology; two stages of interviews and SEM (Structural Equation Modelling); 3) Results: Interview analyses facilitate the identification of design elements in the service delivery process. SEM results underpin the relevance of the categorised design elements and their impact on customer loyalty by comparing different groups (country and time elapsed from experience); and 4) Conclusions: Findings are the fundamentals of developing measuring tool for design and trigger future studies for conceptualising intangible assets.
Choosing the Target Difference (“effect size”) for a Randomised Controlled Trial - DELTA2 Guidance
Authors: Cook Jonathan A. , Julious Steven A. , Sones William , Hampson Lisa V. , Hewitt Catherine , Berlin Jesse A. , Ashby Deborah , Emsley Richard , Fergusson Dean A. , Walters Stephen J. , Wilson Edward C.F. , Maclennan Graeme , Stallard Nigel , Rothwell Joanne C. , Bland Martin , Brown Louise , Ramsay Craig R. , Cook Andrew , Armstrong David , Altman Doug , Vale Luke David
Published: September 2018

The aim of this document is to provide practical guidance on the choice of target difference used in the sample size calculation of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Guidance is provided with a definitive trial, one that seeks to provide a useful answer, in mind and not those of a more exploratory nature. The term “target difference” is taken throughout to refer to the difference that is used in the sample size calculation (the one that the study formally “targets”). Please see the glossary for definitions and clarification with regards other relevant concepts. In order to address the specification of the target difference, it is appropriate, and to some degree necessary, to touch on related statistical aspects of conducting a sample size calculation. Generally the discussion of other aspects and more technical details is kept to a minimum, with more technical aspects covered in the appendices and referencing of relevant sources provided for further reading.The main body of this guidance assumes a standard RCT design is used; formally, this can be described as a two-arm parallel-group superiority trial. Most RCTs test for superiority of the interventions, that is, whether or not one of the interventions is superior to the other (See Box 1 for a formal definition of superiority, and of the two most common alternative approaches). Some common alternative trial designs are considered in Appendix 3. Additionally, it is assumed in the main body of the text that the conventional (Neyman-Pearson) approach to the sample size calculation of an RCT is being used. Other approaches (Bayesian, precision and value of information) are briefly considered in Appendix 2 with reference to the specification of the target difference.
Faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) Germplasm Collection and its Diversity in Oman
Authors: AlSaady Nadiya , Nadaf Saleem , Al-Lawati Ali , Al-Hinai Saleh
Published: September 2018

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the popular pulse crops grown for traditional consumption, not only in Oman but also in Arabian Peninsula and other countries. In Oman, the famers living in and around high altitude mountain areas mostly grow it. This paper highlights features of variation in seed color and diversity in seed traits found in collected accessions from the joint collecting missions of 2008-2010 between the staff of College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University and the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries throughout all the governorates of the Sultanate of Oman. 41 seed samples/accessions were collected from 38 sites. Of these, the highest number of accessions was collected from Batinah South governorate (38) represented mostly by the mountains of Rustaq, followed by the mountains of Interior/Al-Dakhliyah (8), and Dhahira & Buraimi (4). Only one accession was collected from mountains of the Eastern/ Al-Sharqiyah governorates. The seed accessions were found diverse with respect to all seed characters studied, i.e. seed length (cm) and width (cm) and 1000-seed weight (g) besides seed color. The faba bean accessions were classified into 9 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis, which indicated that the contribution of seed width and 100-seed weight to the total variation existing in indigenous germplasm collected from all the governorates of Oman. It was found from the critical analysis of seed colors that 38 accessions were homogenous (pure) with one color and three were heterogeneous with combinations of colors.
Structure-Antibacterial Activity Relationships Of N-Substituted-(D-/L-Alaninyl) 1H-1,2,3-Triazolylmethyl Oxazolidinones
Authors: Phillips Oludotun , Udo Edet Ekpenyong , D’silva Roselyn Jennifer
Published: September 2018

Bacterial resistance towards existing class of antibacterial drugs continues to increase posing significant threat to clinical usefulness of these drugs. This increasing and alarming rates of antibacterial resistance development and the decline in the number of new antibacterial drugs approval continue to serve as major impetus for research into discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. We synthesized a series D-/L-alaninyl substituted triazolyl oxazolidinone derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activity against selected standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Overall, the compounds showed moderate to strong antibacterial activity. Compounds 9d and 10d (D- and L-alaninyl derivatives bearing 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl substituent), 10e (D-alaninyl derivative bearing 5-nitrofurancarbonyl group) and 9f and 10f (D- and L-alaninyl derivatives bearing 5-nitrothiophene carbonyl moiety) demonstrated antibacterial activity (MIC:2 g/mL) against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis and M. catarrhalis standard bacterial strains. No significant differences were noticeable between the antibacterial activity of the D- and L-alaninyl derivatives as a result of the stereochemistry of the compounds.
Establishing Laboratory Cultures and Performing Ecological and Evolutionary Experiments with the Emerging Model Species Chironomus Riparius
Authors: Foucault Quentin , Wieser Andreas , Waldvogel Ann-Marie , Pfenninger Markus
Published: September 2018

Chironomus riparius is a well-established model organism in various fields such as ecotoxicology and ecology, and therefore environmental preferences, ecological interactions and metabolic traits are well-studied. With the recent publication of a high-quality draft genome, as well as different population genetic parameters such as mutation and recombination rate, the species can be used as an alternative to the Drosophila models in experimental population genomics or molecular ecology. To facilitate access to this promising experimental model species for a wider range of researchers, we describe experimental methods to first create and sustain long term cultures of C. riparius and then use them to perform repeatable and comparable experiments for various research questions.