bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Localized Rainfall Patterns on Landslide Occurrence: A Case Study of Southern Hiroshima with XRAIN Data During the July 2018 Heavy Rain Disasters
Authors: Maria Dos Santos Rodrigues Neto José , Bhandary Netra Prakash
Published: March 2022

The landslide problem in Japan was exemplified by the July 2018 landslides and flood disasters in Southwestern Japan induced by extremely heavy rainfall. In this study, GIS and other analytical platforms were utilized to analyze landslide distribution patterns in the July 2018 heavy rain disasters around the city of Kure (Southern Hiroshima) in conjunction with chronological XRAIN (eXtended Radar Information Network) radar-acquired localized rainfall data in order to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between rainfall characteristics and landslide probability and to investigate the potentials of radar-acquired rainfall data in landslide susceptibility study approaches. Analysis of the rainfall data demonstrates that mean annual precipitation in the whole study area ranges between 2,004 mm and 2,961 mm, with an average of about 2,152 mm for the whole extension of the area. Observation of the spatial distribution of rainfall volumes throughout the sampled years shows that rainfall is remarkably localized, with higher values concentrated on elevated areas. It is observed, however, that the peak rainfall volumes are not so closely related to landslide occurrence. Analysis of event rainfall from the July 2018 disasters determines that landslide-inducing rainfall started from 8:30 AM on July 5th and continued with a mean intensity of 7.8 mm/h for about 47 hours until 7:30 AM of July 7th, accumulating to up to 368 mm in total and that there were two intensity peaks, one around 7:30 PM on the night of July 6th, and another one around 4:30 AM on July 7th. These two events are associated with particularly high landslide activity, which indicates that landslide activation is related to peak intensity rainfall combined with accumulated continuous precipitation. This study demonstrates a clear association of landslide activity with heavy rainfall both in spatial and chronological aspects, weighing into the evidence that rainfall intensity, timing, and spatial distribution are true of vital relevance for landslide occurrence.
A review on the interplay between bioeconomy and soil organic carbon stocks maintenance.
Authors: Andrade Christhel , Albers Ariane , Zamora-Ledezma Ezequiel , Hamelin Lorie
Published: March 2022

Crop residues potential for the bioeconomy is often limited under the basis of avoiding prospective soil organic carbon depletion. However, when processed in the bioeconomy the biomass carbon can be partially recovered in a stabilized degradation-resistant state in the coproducts. This study interlinks the theoretical basis between the coproducts’ characteristics and behavior in soils and the use of soil models to predict the effect of replacing crop residues with bioeconomy coproducts. Stemming from a revision of over 600 datasets we defined conversion coefficients from biomass C to coproduct (Cc) and their inherent recalcitrance in soils (CR) for pyrolysis (Cc: 48%, CR: 95%) and gasification biochar (Cc: 20%, CR: 95%), hydrochar (Cc: 31%, CR: 83%), digestate (Cc: 36%, CR: 68%) and lignocellulosic bioethanol solid (Cc: 44%, CR: 42%) and liquid (Cc: 21%, CR: 46%) coproducts. Different approaches to incorporate stabilized organic matter in soil models were investigated as well as the data requirements of a variety of soil models to set the basis for model adaptation in a dynamic harvest – return of C to explore future scenarios involving the coproducts return as a strategy to increase the bioeconomy feedstock provision while ensuring the maintenance of SOC sotcks.
Patient-specific brain arteries molded as a flexible phantom model using 3D printed water-soluble resin
Authors: Nilsson Daniel , Holmgren Madelene , Holmlund Petter , Wåhlin Anders , Eklund Anders , Dahlberg Tobias , Wiklund Krister , Andersson Magnus
Published: March 2022

Visualizing medical images from a patient as physical 3D-models (phantom models) has potential roles in the medical field, from education to preclinical preparation and clinical research. However, current phantom models are generally generic, expensive, and time-consuming to fabricate. Thus, there is a need for a cost-and time-efficient pipeline from medical imaging to patient-specific phantom models. In this work, we present a method for creating complex 3D sacrificial molds using an off-the-shelf water-soluble resin and a low-cost desktop 3D printer. This enables us to recreate parts of the cerebral arterial tree as a full-scale flow device (10x6x4 cm) in transparent silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) from computed tomography angiography images (CTA). We analyze the channels with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them with the original patient data. The results show good conformity and smooth surface finish for the arteries. Also, we evaluate our method by looking at its capability to reproduce 1 mm channels and sharp corners. We find that round shapes are well reproduced, whereas sharp features show some divergence. Our method can fabricate patient-specific phantom model with less than 2 hours of total labor time and at a low fabrication cost.
Metagenome-Predicted Growth Rate And Metatranscriptomic Analysis Reveal A Slow Growth Rate Of And High Butyrate Formation By Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii In The Rumen Of Low Methane-Emitting Sheep
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Lin Shili , Yu Zhongtang
Published: March 2022

Background: Methane emissions from ruminants contribute to global warming and lead to energy loss from the ingested feed. Reducing methane emissions while increasing feed efficiency is one of the most important challenges facing the livestock industry. Previous studies have reported differences in lactate-metabolizing bacteria in the rumen between low-methane yield (LMY) and high-methane yield (HMY) sheep. It was hypothesized that methane emissions might also be related to the growth of certain bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the growth and metabolism of rumen bacteria and methane emissions in sheep.Results: The growth rates of 21 species-level and 12 genera-level rumen bacterial populations were predicted based on the peak-to-trough ratio of their metagenomic sequences that were generated from two groups of sheep differing in methane yield (LMY vs. HMY). The growth rate of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was found to be significantly different between the LMY sheep and the HMY sheep. The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii was significantly lower in the LMY sheep than the HMY sheep, whereas the relative abundance of Intestinibaculum porci and Megasphaera elsdenii was significantly higher in the LMY sheep than the HMY sheep. Metatranscriptomic analysis showed that in the LMY sheep the expression of energy-related genes of F. prausnitzii, including those involved in butyrate production, was significantly upregulated compared to the HMY sheep. Conclusions: The current study revealed a negative association between the growth rate of F. prausnitzii in the rumen and methane yield in sheep and between the growth rate of F. prausnitzii and the expression of its genes involved in energy metabolism including butyrate production. Our result also showed enrichment of lactate-producing bacteria (i.e., I. porci) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (i.e., M. elsdenii) in the LMY sheep. Together with the reported metabolic response of F. prausnitzii to lactic acid bacteria, our study corroborates the association between lactate-metabolizing bacteria and methane emissions via promoting butyrate production. M. elsdenii, I. porci, and F. prausnitzii may serve as biomarkers of methane yield from sheep, and possibly other ruminants.
Effect of biochar on water migration to improve acidified soil
Authors: Lu Jikai , Luo Yina , Huang Junlin , Hou Bingyan , Wang Bing , Ogino Kenji , Zhao Jian
Published: March 2022

With the intensification of human activities, soil acidification has become a very serious threat to crop yield and food security. From a practical application perspective, this study used biochar to improve acidified soil. The concept of molded soil was put forward to examine the soil improvement effect of biochar. The changes in soil hydrological parameters suggested that biochar application improved the structure of acidified soil. The volumetric water content and vertical permeability coefficient of soil were improved to different degrees. In addition to increased soil moisture content due to biochar adsorption of soil micro-aggregates, biochar application improved the oxidation stability of soil organic carbon and promoted the formation of water-stable macro-aggregates. The molded soil showed little difference with acidified soil and was found representative and suitable for indoor small-scale regular exploratory experiments. This study found that leaching may promote the migration of acidic ions enhancing the biochar improvement efficiency of acidified soil, however, the phenomenon needs further study. This study provides theoretical support for acidified soil water retention, fertilizer conservation, obstacle elimination, productivity improvement of farmland, and reduction of groundwater non-point source pollution.
Outcome of Orthopaedics Treatment of Lombok Earthquake Victim 2018: A Cross sectional study-lesson learned from Lombok earthquake
Authors: Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Kamal Achmad Fauzi , Prabowo Yogi , Anshori Fahmi , Kekalih Aria , Febrianto Rudi , Purnaning Dyah
Published: March 2022

Background: In earthquakes, there is often an imbalance between overcrowding in hospitals and inadequate resources. The initial management of earthquake victims with musculoskeletal injuries is controversial; whether debridement, external or internal fixation, conservative or operative treatment in an acute onset disaster setting. This study aim is to determine the radiological and clinical outcome after orthopaedic treatment in the Lombok earthquake of 2018 for one year follow-up.Result: Significant difference between ORIF (Open reduction internal fixation) and non-ORIF of the Union Rate result (P = 0.021) with ORIF group has a higher rate of Union than non-ORIF group, but the incidence of infection only appeared in the ORIF group (23.5%). There were significant differences in the clinical outcome of SF 36 general health (P = 0.042) and health changes (P = 0.039) and the ORIF group had lower mean general health and health change clinical outcomes than the non-ORIF groupConclusion: The population group that received the ORIF procedure had better radiological outcomes than the non-ORIF group, however, the ORIF group had lower clinical outcomes of infection and SF-36 than the non-ORIF group. It is recommended to perform debridement and external fixation for open fracture type and conservative treatment for closed fracture in an acute onset disaster setting or evacuation in case immediate treatment is needed urgently. Definitive treatment in acute onset disaster setting should be prevented.
2D Stream Depletion Problem in a Sloping Aquifer
Authors: Kankarej Manisha M. , Bansal Rajeev
Published: March 2022

Most of the analytical approaches for estimation of pumping induced drawdown and stream depletion are based on idealistic assumptions that the aquifer is resting on a perfectly horizontal base. In this research, new analytical expressions are derived and demonstrated to estimate stream depletion rate in response to uniform drawdown by a well. The mathematical set up consists of an unconfined aquifer resting on a sloping bed and hydrologically connected with a partially penetrating stream and an extraction well in the domain of the aquifer. The proposed analytical solution are obtained by using Laplace, Fourier and their inverse transforms. The solution developed herein is an advancement of the Hunt’s analytical solution and can be used as screening tool for measuring stream depletion rate in sloping terrains. The results indicate that the analytical solution developed herein predicts significantly different rate of stream depletion from that of Hantush and Hunt model primarily due to the fact that the current study accounts for the bed slope of the aquifer.
Factors on Development and Severity of Acute Radiodermatitis: Prospective Single-Centre Study
Authors: İnan Gonca Altınışık , Arslan Alaettin , Aral İpek Pınar , Arslan Suheyla Aytaç
Published: March 2022

Background: Although prior literature has examined the treatment and patient-associated factors affecting the development and severity of acute radiodermatitis, there are relatively few prospective studies evaluating both.Aims and Objectives: This study was prospectively designed to evaluate factors affecting the development and extent of radiation-induced acute skin toxicity called radiodermatitis (RD).Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) in Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital between 20.06.2016 and 21.10.2017 were evaluated. Patients' demographic status, disease/treatment details, anemia, and diabetic profile tests’ (hemoglobin, ferritin, folic acid, Vit B12, and hemoglobin A1c) were recorded. The development and the degree of RD were assessed weekly by treating radiation oncologists using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiation toxicity manual.Results: The development of any grade of RD was not significantly affected by gender, concurrent chemotherapy (CT), pre-RT CT, the comorbid disease, RT technic, and anemia & diabetic profile tests’ values. The development of grade 2-3 RD was significantly affected by the number of operations (p = 0.032) and total dose of RT (p = 0.008). The starting dose for RD is 20 Gy in patients with grade 2-3 RD and 32 Gy in patients with grade 1 RD (p = 0.018).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between RD and anemia/diabetic profile parameters. The severity of RD was associated with recurrent surgical intervention, total dose, and early onset of RD.
China’s regional ecological environment risk assessment over space and time
Authors: Dou Xiangsheng
Published: March 2022

To fulfill the United Nations’ Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals, China has been adopting strict environmental protection policies. However, it is necessary to make a correct quantitative evaluation on the effect of the policy in order to lay the foundation for further relevant policies and actions in the future. To this end, this paper constructs a composite ecological environment risk index, and uses relevant socio-economic and ecological environment data of China’s provincial regions to quantitatively analyze their ecological environment risks. Furthermore, this paper constructs a panel data model to empirically test the key factors that lead to ecological environment risks. The study finds that, at least at this stage, the ecological environment risks in various provincial regions in China are still relatively high, and the key factors that lead to the risks are economic growth, urbanization development, secondary industry growth and green policy. Therefore, China has to adopt more stringent ecological environment protection policies and actions in the future.
Predicting the humification degree of multiple organic solid waste during composting using a designated bacterial community
Authors: Yang Hong-Yu , Zhang Shu-Bo , Meng Han-Han , Zhao Yue , Wei Zi-Min , Zheng Guang-Ren , Wang Xue
Published: March 2022

Microbes are the drivers for disposing of organic solid waste (OSW) during composting. Moreover, humus is a multipurpose biological macromolecule synthesized by microorganisms during composting. Here, we investigated the humification degree (HD), and the humus content was assessed in terms of the bacterial community. Microbial sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were combined to analyze the biological characteristics of 105 composting samples. The bacterial communities were useful indicators for making predictions and even correctly determined the categories of OSWs with 94% accuracy. Furthermore, the bacterial genera screened were designated as a bacterial code. The bacterial codes can also provide a better prediction of HD. Our results suggested that the bacteria code is a reliable biological method to assess HD effectively. Bacterial codes can be used as ecological and biological indicators to evaluate the quality of composting of different materials.
Pairwise Control In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Flocking
Authors: Liu Jintao , He Ming , Luo Ling , Liu Qiang , Zou Mingguang
Published: March 2022

Inspired by the natural phenomenon that pair-bonded jackdaws fly together within a flock, a new cooperative model and control method with pairwise structure in the swarm flocking is proposed to perform proximity missions such as air refueling, data exchange and coordinated operations of two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm. A noval square-law error sliding mode surface and variable structure sliding mode controller are proposed, so that any two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm could converge to a specified relative distance. Based on this, the distributed control protocol is designed that integrates pairwise distance control and flocking control. It enables unmanned aerial vehicles to be paired in the swarm without disrupting the consensus of the entire swarm. Finally, two theorems are proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. The distance between paired unmanned aerial vehicles is exponentially convergent, and the swarm flocking is collision free. Swarm flight simulations based on particle motion model with number from 20 to 100 are respectively presented, as well as 10 unmanned aerial vehicles swarm flight simulations with quadrotor dynamics model. The simulation experiments have sufficiently verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The results show that distance control could still be achieved in the extreme case that the paired unmanned aerial vehicles are at the farthest corners of the swarm.
Potential for Front of Pack Labeling Exposure to Impact US Dietary Choices: a Population-based Cross-sectional Study Using NHANES 2017-2018
Authors: Roark Elizabeth Kozitza , Rehm Colin D , Sherry Christina L
Published: March 2022

Background: Although front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPL) schemes have proliferated as a strategy to help improve population-wide dietary intakes in recent years, the proportion and elements of the diet subject to FOPL have not been described in population-based data. This study sought to quantify the proportion of the US diet in terms of dietary energy that would be subject to FOPL and what aspects of the diet would be more or less impacted by FOPL.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 7,121 participants age≥2y who completed a 24-hour dietary recall as part of the nationally-representative 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). From the 24-hour dietary recall, foods/beverages that would be subject to FOPL were identified from food composition and ingredients tables. The proportion of dietary energy subject to FOPL was estimated overall and by population sub-group in terms of socio-demographics, dietary/lifestyle factors and health status. The proportion of dietary intakes for key macronutrients, micronutrients and food groups subject to versus not subject to FOPL was also estimated. Survey-weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and Wald tests were used to assess the statistical significance of differences.Results: Overall, 57% of dietary energy would be subject to FOPL and a u-shaped pattern was observed with age (lowest exposure among those 20-34y). Socio-demographic differences in exposure to FOPL were modest. Individuals consuming more away-from-home meals had significantly lower exposure to FOPL (65.1%E vs. 45.5% comparing individuals with ≤1 to ≥6 meals not home prepared in the past week). Adults with a healthy weight had greater exposure to FOPL than adults who are overweight or obese. Dramatic differences in the sources of key dietary constituents were observed. Specifically, protein, sodium, potassium, whole fruit, vegetables, and unprocessed meats were less subject to FOPL as compared to total sugars, added sugars, calcium, fruit juice, milk, yogurt, nuts/seeds and whole grains that were more subject to FOPL. Conclusion: FOPL may have limited reach for the US diet and demonstrates some inconsistencies with current dietary guidance regarding the under and over-representation of key food groups and nutrients.
Land-use change dynamics and urban growth simulations in a medium-sized city of Mangaluru, India through CA-based SLEUTH urban growth model
Authors: K Dhanaraj , Jain Gaurav V , Angadi Dasharatha P
Published: March 2022

In the context of rapid urban growth in the small and medium-sized cities of developing countries, the current work attempts to calibrate the CA-based SLEUTH urban growth model to and predict urban growth for the first time in a medium-sized city of Mangaluru in southern India. The city has experienced a rapid urban growth in recent times. The current study uses the mixed methodology approach by incorporating the application of remote sensing, GIS, spatial metrics and urban growth model to map, quantify, analyse and predict urban growth dynamics of Mangaluru during the period from 2000 to 2031. The analysis of classified historical urban growth during 2000 to 2020 shows that there is a consistent increase of urban area in Mangaluru. Further, the spatial metrics used to quantify the pattern of urban growth for the historical and predicted years shows that the city is growing aggregated with several growth centres around the city. The SLEUTH model, calibrated using the historical urban area of 2000–2016, to predict urban growth for the year 2031. The urban growth simulation from SLEUTH shows slope resistance, spread and road gravity are the foremost factors influencing urban growth in Mangaluru. The urban area is expected to increase by 6895Ha from 11984Ha in 2020 to 18880Ha by 2031. The growth is expected to reduce in the eastern part due to the resistance effect of slope. The validation of the model output establishes it as acceptable but found limitation to simulate the small patchy and scattered urban growth in the outskirt of the city. The use of spatial metrics along with the SLEUTH urban growth modeling can be useful for the better understanding of the urban growth process and would therefore aid urban planners to manage the future urban growth sustainably.
Under-five Mortality and Associated Factors among Children Born from 15-49 Years Old Mothers in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Demena Melake , Teklemariam Zelalem , Desalew Assefa , Assefa Nega
Published: March 2022

Background: The global under-five mortality rate has dropped from almost 90 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 43 in 2015. The Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey, 2019 shows 55 under-five deaths per 1,000 live births. In the eastern part of Ethiopia, evidence from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Kersa district of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region suggested the decline of under-five mortality rate from 131.8 per 1000 live births in 2008 to 77.4 per 1000 live births in 2013. The death rates still remain far from the Sustainable Development Goals’ target reduction to 25 or less per 1000 live births by 2030. However, the magnitude and determinants of under-five mortality is not studied in Haramaya town. Objective: To assess the under-five mortality rate and its associated factors among children born from 7th August 2015- 6th August 2020, in Haramaya town, east Ethiopia by 7th–31st August 2020. Methodology: Quantitative cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 391 pairs of 15-49 years old mothers and their live-born under-five children selected using systematic random sampling technique from Haramaya town to compare child mortality between <=24 and >=25 mother’s age groups. Data were collected using interview-based questionnaire; double entered into EpiData 3.1; and then exported to statistical package for social sciences program version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis (p-value <0.20) was performed to examine crude association of predictors with under-five mortality, and then multiple logistic regression analysis (p-value <0.05) to measure the statistical association. Results: The death of 28 out of 372 live births gave an under-five mortality rate of 75 per 1000 live births. Children born in households with less than 6 members had 7. 98 times higher odds of dying than those born in households with at least 6 members (AOR =7.98, 95% CI =1.59-40.17). Those children who did not feed colostrum were associated with 17.45 times increased risk of under-five deaths compared to colostrum-fed ones (AOR =17.45, 95% CI =6.54-46.55). Conclusion: The study suggests that 75 per 1000 live births die before celebrating their fifth birth day. Household size and colostrum feeding are the significantly associated factors.Recommendation: All concerned should inform the mothers the role of identified factors like household size and colostrum feeding in child survival.
Promoting weaning practices and growth of infants by using Communication for Behavioral Development approach: an Egyptian community-based modeling study
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , Sallam Sara F. , Alian Khadija M. , Abdel-Latif Ghada A. , Hasanin Hasanin M. , Mawla Mohamed A. Abdel , Kamal Ayat N. , Amer Hala A. , Hanna Carine , Shebini Salwa M. El , Ahmed Nihad H. , Mabrok Hoda B. , Mahmoud Maha H. , Ismail Ahmed S. , Salama Sameh H. , Salem Sondos M. , Boseila Samia A.W. , El-Alameey Inas R. , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Shaaban Fatma A. , Ibrahim Nihad A. , Hassan Nayera E. , El-Masry Sahar A. , Naga Maie M. , Ibrahim Aya K.
Published: March 2022

Background:Children who like varieties in their food choices may carry these preferences throughout their childhood and beyond, affecting their health and growth. Therefore, the improvement of complementary feeding and weaning practices should be strongly supported. Aim:This study aimed at evaluating how impactful is the use of the Communication for behavioral development (C4D) approach on improving the weaning practices in an Egyptian village for 464 pregnant women and mothers of infants and improving the growth of infants 12-36 months of age. Methods: The study was an interventional three-phase study: assessment, intervention using the communication for behavioral development approach (C4D), and evaluation.The interventions encouraged each mother to provide her baby nutritious and varied options through age-appropriate introduction and diversification of nutrient-rich complementary foods under the slogan “enjoy meals like a baby”.Results:There was marked and significant improvement of the awareness and of the majority of the weaning practices’ indicators as a result of the interventions. This was noticed for the timely introduction of complementary foods which increased from 36.7% to 82.0%, the minimum meal frequency indicator (3-5) which increased from 25.3% to 67.3%, iron-rich or fortified food (68.0 % to 82%) as well as regular checkup for baby health at health unit (71.3%). Unfortunately, some other indicators that were improved but couldn’t reach the percentage of the targeted objectives were the “Minimum Dietary Diversity” (reached 32%) and the minimum acceptable diet (reached 22.0 %). Conclusion:Nutrition education and complementary feeding had significantly marked improvement on all the growth indices of infants aged 1-3 years. The outcome strongly supports the need for improvement of complementary feeding practices through the use of the C4D approach.
Structural insights into the catalytic binuclear center of cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors:   , Kolbe Felix Martin
Published: March 2022

Cytochrome c oxidases are among the most important and fundamental enzymes of life. Integrated into membranes they use four electrons from cytochrome c molecules to reduce molecular oxygen (dioxygen) to water. Their catalytic cycle has been considered to start with the oxidized form. Subsequent electron transfers lead to the E-state, the R-state (which binds oxygen), the P-state (with an already split dioxygen bond), the F-state and the O-state again. Here, we determined structures of up to 1.9 Å resolution of these intermediates by single particle cryo-EM. Our results suggest that in the O-state the active site contains a peroxide dianion and in the P-state possibly an intact dioxygen molecule, the F-state may contain a superoxide anion.
Dark Matter Superfluidity
Authors: Khoury Justin
Published: March 2022

In these lectures I describe a theory of dark matter superfluidity developed in the last few years. The dark matter particles are axion-like, with masses of order eV. They Bose-Einstein condense into a superfluid phase in the central regions of galaxy halos. The superfluid phonon excitations in turn couple to baryons and mediate a long-range force (beyond Newtonian gravity). For a suitable choice of the superfluid equation of state, this force reproduces the various galactic scaling relations embodied in Milgrom's law. Thus the dark matter and modified gravity phenomena represent different phases of a single underlying substance, unified through the rich and well-studied physics of superfluidity.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF FORCED CONVECTION OF AIR IN A U-SHAPED CAVITY
Authors:   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Ngor Thiam Omar ,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Drame Oumar ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Mbow Cheikh ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Lamine Sow Mamadou ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.
Published: March 2022

In this work, we numerically study laminar flows in forced convection in a U -shaped channel. Our study was based on a finite volume method by the fluent code carried out for a Reynolds number varying in the range 100<Re<700, and the Rayleigh number Ra=105 and Prandtl number Pr=0.72. As a function of the Reynolds number, the results obtained are presented in the form of the thermal and dynamic field, the variation of the Nusselt number and the variation of the speed and average temperature at the outlet of the channel as a function of Re also. We see a significant improvement in heat exchange along all the walls of the channel as the number increases Re.
UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF PANCREATIC INSULINOMA:A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition - Hassan II University Hospital.Fez, Morocco Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory., El Azime Zineb , Melki Fatimazahra ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition - Hassan II University Hospital.Fez, Morocco Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory., Salhi Houda ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition - Hassan II University Hospital.Fez, Morocco Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory., ElOuahabi Hanane ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition - Hassan II University Hospital.Fez, Morocco Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory.
Published: March 2022

Insulinomas are pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) responsible for inappropriate insulin release, leading to episodes of hypoglycemia. The diagnosis of insulinoma is suspected clinicaly andbiochemically made with low blood glucose, elevated insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels, and confirmed by localizing the tumor ,usually, by non-invasive imaging techniques and for difficult cases invasive modalities could be needed.Herein, we present the case of a 15 years old female who had a 1 year historyof episodic and repetitive neuroglycopenicsymptoms without weight gain, and loss of consciousness resolved with ingestion of sugary foods. Initially a neuro-psychiatric pathology was suspected, the patient was on Sodium Valproate and Antidepressants (SSRIs)with no improvement.After thorough examinations, a pancreatic insulinoma was diagnosed. The patient had a successful resection of the tumor, and her symptoms disappeared entirely.
Moderate Islam vis-a-vis Salafism in Indonesia: An Ideological Competition
Authors: Febriansyah Denny , El-Alami Dawoud Sudqi
Published: March 2022

A unique moderate style of Islam in Indonesia was believed to be the first entrance of Islam to the Indonesian archipelago. This model adopted a moderate approach of spreading Islam, not fundamental nor radical. The oil boom of Saudi Arabia in the 1970s promoted the spreading of Salafism in Indonesia. This group, known as Wahhabism, started to flourish from the 1970s until now. This study examines the contestation of moderate Islamic movement vis a vis Salafism in Indonesia from the 1970s to 2018. The data in this study were collected from any related literature such as books, articles, and internet sources. All information was presented by using a method of formal library research. This study reveals that the competition between these two groups has been taking place since the 1970s. With the massive attack from the Salafism group, the Moderate Islamic movement responded by introducing ‘Islam Nusantara’ (Islam that accommodates customs and cultures in the Indonesian archipelago) to strengthen the moderate style of Islam in Indonesia. The response of the Moderate Islamic movement includes many aspects, such as through the educational sector and establishing mass Islamic organizations.
Revisiting Tradition-Religion Relationship in Javanese Tayub Dance: How Local Community Deals with Dilemmas
Authors: Wulandari Devita , Nurcahyono Okta Hadi , Rahman Abdul
Published: March 2022

Tayub is one of the traditional arts in Indonesia that is still preserved until today. This dance art, for example, is practiced by the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Institute (LDII) community. Tayub, usually held once a year, is believed to have high values, although many people perceive it negatively. This study aims to reveal why the local religious community still maintains and practices Tayub dance art. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study on Tayub dance art practiced by the LDII community in Sukoharjo. Data for this study were collected from observations, interviews, and documentation. The study reveals that the socio-religious traditional art practiced by the LDII community brings the community into a dilemma; they should live by either following traditions or carrying out religious tenets. The LDII community continues to maintain and practice the Tayub dance art as an expression of their gratitude. The local community believes that there are noble values contained in Tayub dance art, such as gratitude for God's grace, friendship, and harmony in society. However, many still view this art as a tradition that is not in accordance with religious tenets.
Islam Nusantara and Religious Peacemaking: Nahdlatul Ulama’s Ideas in Creating Peace in Afghanistan
Authors: Mu'min Mu'min , Yulianti Dina , Sulaeman Otong
Published: March 2022

The socio-political crisis in Afghanistan shows a surprising conse­quence, especially after the return of the Taliban in seizing the country after being overthrown by the United States (US) in 2001. The international community has pursued peace negotiations for the last ten years. Indonesia, however, has played a significant role in reconciling the factions in Afghanistan by involving religious organizations, in this case, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Religious narratives cannot be excluded in conflict resolution because the Taliban use religious justification in their actions. This study aims to uncover the religious narratives used by NU to calm down the opposing factions, including the Taliban. The qualitative research method used is interviews with the key informants and supported by various sources. This study finds that Nahdlatul Ulama has contributed to peace with a religious approach, namely peace hermeneutics and empathy detachment. In its implementation, NU uses religious narratives of Islam Nusantara. In addition, NU has also succeeded in creating capacity, institution building, and agreement among the conflicting factions.
Preserving Oral Tradition amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cultural Adaptation in Salawat Dulang
Authors: Meigalia Eka , Putra Yerri Satria , Sofi Muhammad Jauhari
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of people's lives, including oral traditions. In Minangkabau, oral traditions are in danger of being lost or forgotten by the community due to the pandemic. During the pandemic, oral tradition performances involve only few people, though the performances typically require the presence of many people. This current study aims to explain various things that happened to the oral tradition in Minangkabau amid the COVID-19 pandemic, especially Salawat Dulang. It uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, note-taking, and interviews. The study found that the Minangkabau oral tradition, especially Salawat Dulang, survived and continued amid the pandemic because it implements various forms of changes and adjustments. These changes and adjustments include the involvement of virtual and direct media. There are very few audiences attending the live performances, and they must strictly adhere to health protocols. Performers also use social media as a means to maintain the existence of their traditions. In this sense, they see the conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a source of inspiration to create the spoken texts. These findings imply the important role of all the performers, the community, and the government in proposing efforts to preserve this oral tradition.
A new model to analyze urban flood risk. Case study: Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Zúñiga Tovar Ángel Emmanuel , Novelo Casanova David A. , Domínguez Christian , García Benítez Marcelino , Piña Violeta
Published: March 2022

Due to their frequency and magnitude, urban floods affect different regions of the world. For this reason, several methodologies integrate information on hazard (H) and vulnerability (V) using a «Classic» Risk (R) model for risk analysis. However, this combination of variables generally overestimates the risk in places where the frequency of flooding is low. In this work we propose a model that we call «Adjusted Risk» (AR) that integrates values ​​of urban proximity (p) to bodies of water, as a tool to assess the risk of floods. The comparison between the R and AR models showed a higher efficiency of AR to reproduce the frequency of floods for 210 cities in Veracruz, while R overestimated the level of risk in cities with low frequency of floods. The correlation values ​​associated with the frequency of flood events for a period of 45 years (1970-2015), allow to establish the utility of the AR model to evaluate the risk of urban floods when using different scales of analysis.
A genetic programming-based model for predicting phosphorus concentration in shallow lakes
Authors: Bai Yu , Yang Jianquan , Sun Guojin , Zhao Yufeng , Yu Yu
Published: March 2022

In this study, a large amount of lake monitoring data was collected and genetic programming, a machine learning technique based on natural selection, was used to search for a robust relationship between phosphorus concentration, wind speed and water temperature. No forms were specified before searching but a new prediction formula was obtained. The formula can provide acceptable simulation accuracy and a theoretical reference for water environment management in shallow lakes or reservoirs.
Study of domestic water consumption in intermittent supply of the Riberas de Sacramento sector in Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Mendoza García Carlos David , Navarro Gómez Carmen Julia
Published: March 2022

User water demand can be met in intermittent water supply systems, and normally it is met if they have sufficient capacity to store water in their homes to be used in the hours when it is not supplied from the public pipe network. The situation in many intermittent water supply systems is that they have enough water to cover the demand of the users but are supplying it intermittently, and the challenge is to achieve a transfer from intermittent to continuous supply. If the delivery of water is continuous, which supplies drinking water 24/7, it covers not only the basic needs of the user, but all the needs for water they may have. The present study was carried out using smart domestic water meters to obtain consumption information in an intermittently supplied pilot sector. The electromagnetic meters record the water flow through pulses and generate consumption information, which gives us the consumption pattern in volume of water and in the time it is used. During the study, multivariate statistical methods were applied to obtain information from the domestic meters and to identify, as realistically as possible, the consumption of drinking water and the relationship between consumption and specific characteristics of the users and thus anticipate future demand. The results showed a close relationship between consumption and the size of the residence. The most influential factors were the number of bathrooms and the number of occupants. A direct relationship between the pressure and the volume supplied was presumed at the beginning of the study but the opposite was found. Equipment was installed to measure the pressure in the network at the time of establishing the continuous supply of drinking water. The multivariate analysis provides a selection of the most important variables that influence and explain the behavior of the water use and consumption pattern, with the operation determined by the operating agency.
Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Type II Diabetes
Authors: Azhar Asim , Khan Wajihul Hasan , Al-hosaini Khaled , Zia Qamar , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: March 2022

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, triggered by
severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late November 2019, spreading to more
than 200 countries of the world, the ensuing pandemic to an enormous loss of lives, mainly the
older population with comorbidities, like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, obesity, and hypertension. Amongst these immune-debilitating diseases,
SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most common in patients with diabetes due to the absence of a normal
active immune system to fight the COVID-19. Recovery of patients having a history of diabetes
from COVID-19 encounters several complications, and their management becomes cumbersome.
For control of coronavirus, antiviral medications, glucose-lowering agents, and steroids have
been carefully evaluated. In the present review, we discuss the crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection
and patients with a history of diabetes. We mainly emphasize the molecular factors that are
involved in diabetic individuals recently infected by SARS-CoV-2 and developed COVID-19 disease.
Lastly, we examine the medications available for the long-term management of diabetic patients
with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Classical and Machine Learning Methods for Protein - Ligand Binding Free Energy
Estimation
Authors: Sivakumar Dakshinamurthy , Wu Sangwook
Published: March 2022

Binding free energy estimation of drug candidates to their biomolecular target is one of the best quantitative
estimators in computer-aided drug discovery. Accurate binding free energy estimation is still a challengeable
task even after decades of research, along with the complexity of the algorithm, time-consuming procedures, and
reproducibility issues. In this review, we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of diverse free energy
methods like Thermodynamic Integration (TI), Bennett's Acceptance Ratio (BAR), Free Energy Perturbation (FEP),
and alchemical methods. Moreover, we discussed the possible application of the machine learning method in proteinligand
binding free energy estimation.
Modulatory Potential of Citrus sinensis and Moringa oleifera Extracts and
Epiphytes on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Authors: Adeoye Akinwunmi O. , Falode John A. , Jeje Temitope O. , Agbetuyi-Tayo Praise T. , Giwa Sikirat M. , Tijani Yesirat O. , Akinola Damilola E.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Bioactive agents from medicinal and dietary plants have been reported to modulate the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores.

Objective:

This study investigated the in vitro effects of C. sinensis (CSE) and M. oleifera (MOE) methanol leaf extracts and their epiphytes (CEP and MEP) on mitochondria permeability transition pores.

Methods:

In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using standard procedures and quantification of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts was done using HPLC-DAD. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores was assessed as mitochondrial swelling and observed spectrophotometrically as changes in absorbance under succinate-energized conditions. Cytochrome c release was also assessed spectrophotometrically.

Results:

From the results, CSE, MOE, CEP, and MEP inhibited lipid peroxidation and scavenged nitric oxide and DPPH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. All extracts exhibited greater ferric reducing antioxidant potential. More so, the results showed that CSE, MOE, CEP, and MEP possess the substantive amount of total flavonoids and total phenolics. CSE and MOE had higher total flavonoids and total phenolic content when compared with the epiphytes. HPLC-DAD results revealed Tangeretin as the most abundant in CSE; Eriocitrin in citrus epiphytes; Moringine in MOE and Flavones in moringa epiphytes. All extracts inhibited calcium-induced opening of the pores in a concentration-dependent manner with C. sinensis leaf extract (CSE) and moringa epiphyte (MEP) being the most potent in this regard with no significant release of cytochrome c at all concentrations.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that CSE and MEP have bioactive agents which could be useful in the management of diseases where too much apoptosis occurs characterized by excessive tissue wastage such as neurodegenerative conditions.