bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cassava leaf meal (Manihot esculentaCrantz) in feed with enzymes supplementation on broiler performances
Authors: Angriani Ririn , Hermana Widya , Ridla Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of cassava leaf meal with enzymes supplementation in the feed on the performance of broiler. The research used factorial completly randomized design 2x3 on 240 Cobb-strain broilers. There were 6 treatments with 2 factors is used cassava leaf meal (CLM) and enzymes (non-starch polysaccharides and protease) with each dose 250 g/ton feed, i.e. P1: basal ration, P2: basal ration with enzymes, P3: ration with 1.5% CLM, P4: ration with 1.5% CLM and enzymes, P5: ration with 3.0% CLM, P6: ration with 3.0% CLM and enzymes. The variables analyzed were body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the results indicated significantly different, then the post-hoc test conducted. The results showed that there was an interaction between CLM and enzymes on the feed conversion ratio (P< 0.05). The addition enzymes can decrease feed conversion ratio (from 1.91 to 1.74) siginificantly (P< 0.05). Addition CLM to a level of 3.0% did not interfere with performance. Enzymes can offset the detrimental effect caused by the use cassava leaf meal in the feed.
The different encapsulants of lileum leaves (Clerodendrum Minahassae L) and Avocado Seed (Persea Americana Mill) extraction on Physical Quality and Microscopic Structure
Authors: Regar Mursye Nataly , Nuningtyas Yuli Frita , Natsir Muhammad Halim
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to examine the differences encapsulant of leilem leaves and avocado seed (1 : 1) using a microwave oven to the microcapsule product physical quality and microscopic structure. The method was used laboratory experimental with 5 different encapsulants consist of gum arab (A1), whey (A2), chitosan (A3), maltodextrin (A4) and zeolit (A5) with 4 replications in every treatment, respectively. The Variables observed in this research consist of physical quality (dry matter, density, yield, solubility of solids) and microscopic structure. The data of physical quality was evaluate the size and structure, then the microscopic structure was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the use of different encapsulates showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on density and the solubility of solids in the product but it were not significant effect on dry matter and yield. Furthermore, different encapsulants also showed significantly different on the microscopic structure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation process of the mixed extract of leilem leaves and avocado seeds using a microwave oven and chitosan encapsulation can produce the best physical quality and microscopic structure.
Associations between Lactoferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism exon 4 and milk compositions in Senduro goat
Authors: Susilorini Tri Eko , Ridhowi Aswah , Septian Wike Andre , Furqon Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to analyze the polymorphism of Lactoferrin (LTF) gene exon 4 associated with milk compositions in Senduro goats. A total of 42 DNA samples and milk compositions from Senduro goats were used in this study. The DNA sequence was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a pair of primers. Genotyping was carried out using DNA sequencing and analyzed using FinchTV 1.4.0 and MEGA 6.0. In this research, the results showed that there were three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) and two alleles (C and T). The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 0.381; 0.452; and 0.167, respectively. Furthermore, the frequencies of C and T alleles were 0.607 and 0.393, respectively. The genotype polymorphism did not affect on milk compositions. In conclusion, there was no association between polymorphism of LTF gene exon 4 and milk compositions in Senduro goats.
Heat shock protein (HSP) release mechanism under heat stress pressure in Goats: a review
Authors: Putri Rafika Febriani , Susilorini Tri Eko , Widodo Nashi , Kuswati Kuswati , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: January 2022

Among the various climate variables, heat stress has been reported to be the most detrimental factor to the economy of the livestock industry. Heat stress is one of the most stressful events in the life of livestock with harmful consequences for animal health, productivity and product quality. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), also known as molecular chaperons, are prominent stress markers. Heat shock proteins consist of highly conserved protein expressed at the time of stress, and play an important role in adaptation to the environmental stress. This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress and role of HSP during heat stress on Goats.
Investigation on design method of curved compression surface of inlet on scramjet
Authors: Jin Pan , Feng Jin
Published: January 2022

Suppose that curved compression surface of inlet consists of segments. Two curved surfaces formed by equal compression angles of the micro-element segments and a slight increase in the compression angle of the micro-element segments are designed respectively. The numerical simulation method is used to compare the performance of two curved surfaces with the reference three-wedge compression surface. Select NASA classic test data, in order to determine the turbulence model and calculation method chosen by the numerical simulation Fluent software. The results show: the configuration of the segment compression angle deeply affects compression efficiency of the curved surface compression system. Pressure gradient distribution on the compression surface with constant compression angles segments is nearly constant along the incoming flow direction, and the curved compression surface easily resist the separation of the boundary layer compared to three-wedges compression surface. The approximate calculation method of the bending shock profile is given.
An improved method to determine basic probability assignment based on fuzzy mathematics
Authors: Xiong Leihui , Su Xiaoyan
Published: January 2022

In D-S evidence theory, the determination of the basic probability assignment function (BPA) is the first and important step. However, the generation of BPA is still a problem to be solved. Based on the concepts in fuzzy mathematics, this paper proposes an improved BPA generation method. By introducing the value of the intersection point of membership function of different targets under the same index to describe the overlap degree of targets, the assignment of unknown items is optimized on this basis. This article applies it to target recognition of robot hands. The results show that the proposed method is more reliable and more accurate.
The majority coloring of the join and Cartesian product of some digraph
Authors: Shi Mei , Xia Weihao , Xiao Mingyue , Wang Jihui
Published: January 2022

A majority coloring of a digraph is a vertex coloring such that for every vertex, the number of vertices with the same color in the out-neighborhood does not exceed half of its out-degree. Kreutzer, Oum, Seymour and van der Zyper proved that every digraph is majority 4-colorable and conjecture that every digraph has a majority 3-coloring. This paper mainly studies the majority coloring of the joint and Cartesian product of some special digraphs and proved the conjecture is true for the join graph and the Cartesian product. According to the influence of the number of vertices in digraph, we prove the majority coloring of the joint and Cartesian product of some digraph.
Numerical simulation of mold filling of semi-solid slurry based on viscosity theory
Authors: Wang Qiuping , Xu Jing , Wu Baigong , Gu Jiayang
Published: January 2022

The mold filling of semi-solid slurry involves intricate theory and physical phenomenon. The influence of inner gate shape and filling speed on free surface and liquid-solid distribution is investigated by adopting finite element numerical simulation. The effect of viscosity is considered in the modelling. The results show that the inner gate shape affects the free surface. The filling speed of 3 m/s is favorable for the uniform distribution of solid-liquid phases. It has important guiding significance for the optimization of semi-solid forming process and molding design.
Deep learning network based lifetime analysis of energy - fed traction power supply converter
Authors: Li Zeshu , Xia Mingchao , Chen Qifang
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a life prediction method based on the parameters of the actual operation history data collected by the existing converter power unit sensors. Firstly, the characteristics of junction temperature curves of forced air-cooled radiator and power unit are extracted, and the deep learning neural network architecture is constructed based on the characteristics. Then the thermoelectric coupling model of power unit based on thermal resistance calculation theory is established, and the cumulative loss is obtained from the measured data. The deep learning network is trained and the model prediction is verified. Finally, the power unit loss distribution under different setting temperature thresholds and the correlation analysis with radiator parameters are obtained, which provides a feasible scheme for parameter setting and life prediction.
Research on power demand forecasting based on attention mechanism and deep learning network
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Yao Li , Zhang Jinjin , Wu Junyong , Shan Baoguo , Lan Dong
Published: January 2022

Combining actual conditions, power demand forecasting is affected by various uncertain factors such as meteorological factors, economic factors, and diversity of forecasting models, which increase the complexity of forecasting. In response to this problem, taking into account that different time step states will have different effects on the output, the attention mechanism is introduced into the method proposed in this paper, which improves the deep learning model. Improved models of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) that combine the attention mechanism are proposed respectively. Finally, according to the verification results of actual examples, it is proved that the proposed method can obtain a smaller error and the prediction performance are better compared with other models.
Ontology-based assembly knowledge representation and process file generation
Authors: Song Dan , Ye Xin , Wu Wenrong , Zhang Zhijing , Saren Qimuge , Qian Jiahui , Zhu Dongsheng
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problems of low assembly knowledge shareability and reusability as well as long generation cycle of assembly process, this paper proposes an ontology-based assembly knowledge representation method, and generates assembly process file based on this method. The assembly ontology, modelling through protégé software, has three central classes: AssemblyObject, AssemblyElement, and AssemblyTool. The assembly ontology is described in OWL language and the assembly knowledge concepts including classes and individuals are linked through properties. In addition, the assembly ontology in OWL language is parsed through Python's RDFLib library, and it is called and displayed in LabVIEW. Finally, the assembly process file containing assembly sequence and assembly process parameters is generated. This method realizes the formal description of assembly process knowledge at the semantic level and improves the shareability and reusability of assembly knowledge. Besides, the corresponding assembly process knowledge can be quickly queried and obtained through this method, improving the efficiency of assembly process planning, and providing intelligent assembly basic knowledge.
Study on decision making of fresh food supplier selection
Authors: Wang Shimin , Du Zhimin
Published: January 2022

As the first process of the supply chain, fresh food supplier is the source of food safety, and also the key factor of the whole fresh food supply chain competition. AHP is used to establish the fresh food supplier selection index system. IT is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation index. Through the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation model, decision maker will comprehensively evaluate the strength of fresh food suppliers.
Exploring the cooperation-cooperation mode between scenic spots and tourism enterprises under the dual-channel tourism supply chain
Authors: Luo Qinglin , Zhong Sheng
Published: January 2022

As the two most important nodes in the tourism supply chain, the competition, as well as the cooperation relationship between scenic spots and tourism enterprises, has a profound impact on the healthy development of the tourism industry. In this paper, we establish a dual-channel tourism supply chain model by making many assumptions about the operations of scenic spots and tourism enterprises. According to repeated game theory, we find that there is a certain trigger strategy for equilibrium strategy between scenic spots and tourism enterprises, and the cooperation-cooperation strategy is the optimal choice for scenic spots and tourism enterprises at this time.
Research on the construction of rural public sports service system in Sichuan province from the perspective of urban-rural integration
Authors: Li Hongying , Feng Suqiong , Yang Liujie
Published: January 2022

From the perspective of urban-rural integration, this paper analyzes the current situation of public sports service system in rural areas of Sichuan Province. In order to break through the dilemma of the Rural Public Sports Service System in Sichuan Province, we must seize the opportunity of the integration of urban and rural areas, conform to the regional characteristics of Sichuan, plan the steps of the supporting reform between urban and rural areas as well as the farmers’ personal sports needs; and increase the farmers’ economic income, meanwhile, we should introduce and attract social enterprises and social forces to invest a lot in the human, material and financial resources of rural public sports. Promoting the development of rural public sports service in Sichuan Province by optimizing the allocation of resources.
Factors influencing willingness to use fitness apps during COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Jingyu
Published: January 2022

During the novel coronavirus pandemic, many people stopped going to the gym, and lack of exercise is likely to cause physical and mental health problems such as decreased immunity, in turn making them vulnerable to infection. Fitness apps can help people exercise at home by providing online professional guidance and supervision. This study explored the factors influencing fitness the intention to use apps during the epidemic in China. A new variable named epidemic crisis risk perception was added to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to reflect the impact of the epidemic. Performance expectation has the greatest impact on the willingness to use fitness apps. Therefore, developers must pay close attention to the needs of the public and improve the functions of apps to improve their satisfaction. In addition, the risk perception of epidemic crisis positively correlates with the willingness to use such apps, indicating that the novel coronavirus pandemic indeed affected public psychology and behavioural intention.
Design of a high precision converter for multi-sensor information fusion
Authors: Ma Yajun , Xiong Wei , Wang Zhen , Li Wenzhang , Xu Jiajia
Published: January 2022

The converter is a measuring device and is used together with the displacement sensor. In view of the existing sensor transform device is susceptible to error and temperature drift effects acquisition accuracy is not high, we design a high precision transducer, multi-sensor information fusion for vehicle steering gear shaft angular displacement signal measurement, signal transformation and digital transmission. The converter has the characteristics of high precision, miniaturization and low cost. Multi-sensor information fusion high-precision converter adopts front-end signal amplifier circuit, following filter processing circuit and embedded software of microprocessor for online compensation to satisfy the requirements of high-precision transformation. The microcontroller is used as the main control chip to meet the requirements of 8-channel bipolar analog signal acquisition. Two 14-bit, 6-channel A/D chips are used to convert the bipolar analog signal in the range of ±10V, and the RS422 hardware interface circuit performs digital transmission according to the time sequence specified by the central programmer. The experimental results show that the conversion accuracy of the device can reach 0.06%, the digital signal transmission is stable, and it can be widely used in industrial production.
Development of two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on small modulus reducer
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ma Yajun , Wang Zhen , Jiao Weiwei , Shi Wei , Li Wenzhang , Zhao Peng
Published: January 2022

In order to meet the development needs of aerospace servo technology, the angular displacement sensor, which compact structure, high reliability, and be able to adapt to harsh working environments is used for the measurement and feedback of the high speed of the servo motor output shaft. The design of a two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on a single-turn absolute encoder and a precision small modulus reducer, which realizes the high speed measurement of the servo motor shaft at 8000 rpm. Product performance meets the technical indicators of similar products of HEIDENHAIN encoders, can withstand high temperature, long working life, good dynamic performance, small space and light weight. System test and simulation analysis show that the design technical scheme is effective and feasible, can meet the requirements of the servo system.
Design and feasibility verification of regenerative system of electric thermal storage boiler for peak shaving in summer in power plant
Authors: Yao Yingying , Wang Xiaobo , Dou Zhongzhou , Wang Hang , Li Zeyang
Published: January 2022

During the heating period, the thermal storage electric boiler helps the thermal power units to participate in the deep peak regulation by converting the electric energy into heat energy for heating users, but in the non-heating period, the thermal storage electric boiler can not operate because there is no heat user, as a result, the thermal storage electric boiler is shut down in summer, and can not assist the thermal power unit to participate in the deep peak regulation. Therefore, this paper designs an electric thermal storage boiler regenerative system for peak shaving in summer. In this regenerative system, electric boiler is used to heat circulating water in heating period, and electric boiler is used to heat condensed water in non-heating period, and in the non-heating period, the number of low-pressure heaters can be adjusted according to the load and heat storage capacity of the units, so that the electric boiler can assist the thermal power units to participate in the deep peak regulation throughout the year, taking a 350MW unit with 70MW regenerative electric boiler as an example, the heat exchange capacity is calculated to verify the feasibility of the regenerative system. In this paper, a new method of heating condensate by regenerative electric boiler in non-heating period is proposed to solve the problem that the new energy can not be used and the energy is wasted in summer.
Evaluation method of energy efficiency index of smart energy station based on subjective weight and entropy evaluation method
Authors: Xu Yong , Xu Wenlin , Zhang Lingqiao , Yang Huiwen , Jiang Yi
Published: January 2022

Smart energy station plays the pivotal role of power grid in energy collection, transmission, conversion and utilization due to its characteristics of multi-station integration. In order to accurately evaluate the energy efficiency level of smart energy stations and achieve economic and efficient electricity consumption, an energy efficiency evaluation system suitable for the form of three stations in one is proposed. Firstly, the influencing factors of energy consumption of each station are analyzed, the index system of smart energy stations is established, and the calculation method of each index is given. Secondly, based on the index system of energy efficiency, through the combination of the subjective weighting method and entropy evaluation method to determine the index weight, combined with the score and weight of energy efficiency for smart energy efficiency assessment, based on three different running environment of wisdom energy station simulation comparison, get the efficiency score, verify the feasibility of the assessment method, and gives specific suggestions on saving energy consumption.
Typical engineering design of potato micro-sprinkler irrigation in Northern Shanxi
Authors: He Jiewei , Chang Zhanqiang , Wang Ziyu , He Jiexun , Zhang Xue , Zhu Xueqi , Zhu Wantian
Published: January 2022

The Loess Plateau in the northern part of Shanxi Province has uneven rainfall and large evaporation, so droughts often occur. The drought has restricted the development of the local planting industry and the economy. Micro sprinkler irrigation has the advantages of strong adaptability, saving water, saving labor and land, increasing production, and preventing salinization, which is very suitable for this area.

This micro-sprinkler irrigation design is carried out in typical plots, based on potato plant characteristics, rainfall data over the years, combined with corresponding specifications and actual conditions. This article uses a refraction micro-sprinkler with a spray diameter of 2.4 m. In the water transmission and distribution network, underground pipelines share 1,860 m of main pipes and sub-main pipes; surface pipelines share 1,200 m of branch pipes and 90,000 m of capillary pipes. The design meets the verification indicators of all irrigation groups, conforms to local actual conditions.
Data compression algorithms for sensor networks with periodic transmission schemes
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Wang Pengcheng , Ren Xinzhuo , Meng Haojie , Xu Yinfei , Zhuge Jiaqiang
Published: January 2022

The operating state of switch cabinet is significant for the reliability of the whole power system, collecting and monitoring its data through the wireless sensor network is an effective method to avoid accidents. This paper proposes a data compression method based on periodic transmission model under the condition of limited energy consumption and memory space resources in the complex environment of switch cabinet sensor networks. Then, the proposed method is rigorously and intuitively shown by theoretical derivation and algorithm flow chart. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out and compared with the original data. The comparisons of compression ratio and error results indicate that the improved algorithm has a better effect on the periodic sensing data with interference and can make sure the change trend of data by making certain timing sequence.
Natural language inference by deep learning method
Authors: Li Saihan , Hu Zhijie , Cao Rong
Published: January 2022

Natural Language inference refers to the problem of determining the relationships between a premise and a hypothesis, it is an emerging area of natural language processing. The paper uses deep learning methods to complete natural language inference task. The dataset includes 3GPP dataset and SNLI dataset. Gensim library is used to get the word embeddings, there are 2 methods which are word2vec and doc2vec to map the sentence to array. 2 deep learning models DNNClassifier and Attention are implemented separately to classify the relationship between the proposals from the telecommunication area dataset. The highest accuracy of the experiment is 88% and we found that the quality of the dataset decided the upper bound of the accuracy.
Construction and installation engineering for floating wind turbines
Authors: Crowle A.P. , Thies PR
Published: January 2022

The construction and installation engineering of floating offshore wind turbines is important to minimize schedules and costs. Floating offshore wind turbine substructures are an expanding sector within renewable power generation, offering an opportunity to deliver green energy, in new areas offshore. The floating nature of the substructures permits wind turbine placement in deep water locations. This paper investigates the construction and installation challenges for the various floating offshore wind types. It is concluded that priority areas for project management and design engineers minimising steel used in semi submersible construction, reducing the floating draft of Spars and for Tension Leg Platforms developing equipment for a safe installation.

Specifically tailored design for construction and installation includes expanding the weather window in which these floating substructures can be fabricated, transported to and from offshore site and making mooring and electrical connection operations simpler. The simplification of construction methodology will reduce time spent offshore and minimise risks to installation equipment and personnel. The paper will include the best practice for ease of towing for offshore installation and the possible return to port for maintenance. The construction and installation process for a floating offshore wind turbine varies with substructure type and this will be developed in more detail in the paper. Floating offshore wind structures require an international collaboration of shipyards, ports and construction vessels, though to good project management. It is concluded that return to port for maintenance is possible for semi submersibles and barges whereas for Spars and TLP updated equipment is required to carry out maintenance offshore. In order to facilitate the construction and to minimize costs, the main aspects have to be considered i.e., the required construction vessel types, the distance from fit-out port to site and the weather restrictions.
A Design of Nonlinear Scaling and Nonlinear Optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm for Pilot’s Station
Authors: ZHU Daoyang , YAN Jun , DUAN Shaoli
Published: January 2022

Motion cueing algorithms (MCA) are often applied in the motion simulators. In this paper, a nonlinear optimal MCA, taking into account translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation, is designed for the motion platform aiming to minimize human’s perception error in order to provide a high degree of fidelity. Indeed, the movement sensation center of most MCA is placed at the center of the upper platform, which may cause a certain error. Pilot’s station should be paid full attention to in the MCA. Apart from this, the scaling and limiting module plays an important role in optimizing the motion platform workspace and reducing false cues during motion reproduction. It should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the MCA. A nonlinear scaling method is designed to accurately duplicate motions with high realistic behavior and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations. The simulation experiment is verified in the longitudinal/pitch direction for motion simulator. The result implies that the proposed method can not only overcome the problem of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation, but also reduce the false cues to improve dynamic fidelity during the motion simulation process.
Raw Material Consumption Controls on Environment Impacts of Sofa Production: A Case Study Based on Ecological Footprint
Authors: LI Jianquan , YUAN Yue , LUO Shuzheng
Published: January 2022

Wooden furniture production consumes a lot of forest resource and other resources, so it is important to estimate its environmental effect. In this research, we collected data in a sofa factory of China and appraised its environment impacts by the ecological footprint (EF) methodology. The results showed that the total EF of the sofa factory was 2 316.25 gha/year (gha: global hectare). The average EF of a sofa was 0.18 gha/year. For the total EF of the sofa factory, main contribution came from wooden materials (55%), followed by non-wooden materials (41.26%), and these two categories contributed above 96% of the total EF. Human labor accounted for 2.21% of the total footprint. The built land and water contributed a little to the total EF. For the total EF of the wooden materials, main contribution came from wood beams (57.6%), followed by plywood (41.08%); and for the total EF of the non-wooden materials, main contribution came from sponge (95.37%). In the end, we concluded that the incorporate of recycled wooden material and reused sponge in the sofa production could be viewed as an important strategy to achieve more sustainable manufacturing.
Anästhesie und perioperatives Management der Karotis-Endarteriektomie (CEA)
Authors: Gaik Christine , Wiesmann Thomas
Published: January 2022

Die Karotis-Endarteriektomie ist eine Standardoperation zur Therapie und Prophylaxe von ischämischen Schlaganfällen bei bestimmten Patientenkollektiven. Für eine optimale perioperative anästhesiologische Versorgung sind grundlegende Kenntnisse der Anatomie, Pathophysiologie sowie der OP-Technik notwendig. Mit der Allgemein- und der Regionalanästhesie stehen 2 verschiedene Anästhesieoptionen zur Wahl. Der Leser soll bei der Lektüre des Beitrags ein tiefergehendes Verständnis für die Erkrankung, die Operation und das daraus resultierende perioperative anästhesiologische Management erhalten.
Isolierte Zungenschwellung nach Penicillin und negative Allergieabklärung – alles in Butter?
Authors: Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin , Bircher Andreas J.
Published: January 2022

Penicilline können alle Arten spezifischer Immunreaktionen nach der erweiterten Coombs- und Gell-Klassifikation auslösen und zählen zu den häufigsten Ursachen unerwünschter Arzneimittelreaktionen. Das diagnostische Armamentarium umfasst neben den verschiedenen Hauttests den Nachweis spezifischer IgE gegen allergene Determinanten am Betalaktam-Molekül und ggf. zelluläre Aktivierungstests. Im Fall negativer Ergebnisse bei den genannten Tests kann ggf. noch die Toleranz im Rahmen eines Provokationstestes nachgewiesen werden. Die Sensitivität der diagnostischen Tests ist – mit Ausnahme des Provokationstests – aber limitiert, und falsch negative Tests sind möglich. Wir präsentieren zwei Fälle mit einer isolierten Zungenschwellung nach Gabe von Amoxicillin bei vollständig negativem, wiederholtem allergologischen Work-up. Bei beiden Patienten konnte die Überempfindlichkeit nur mit einer Reexposition nachgewiesen werden.
Improved team communication in endoscopic procedures by digital enhanced telecommunication during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sturm Niklas , Perkhofer Lukas , Schulte Lucas , Mayer Benjamin , Seufferlein Thomas , Wagner Martin , Walter Benjamin M.
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Unbiased communication is crucial for excellent teamwork in high-quality endoscopy. Personal protective equipment (PPE) (FFP-masks and face-shields) worn by endoscopists that are ubiquitous in the current COVID-19 pandemic strikingly impair communication. Digital enhancement approaches to maintain team communication, especially during complex endoscopic procedures, are urgently warranted.

Materials and methods A prospective, two-armed interventional study was performed at an endoscopy unit at a tertiary center in Germany. Two hundred and three endoscopic procedures with PPE se according to pandemic risk level were randomly assigned (1:1) to a group performed by an endoscopy team equipped with digital enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) or one without digital-enhanced communication. The primary outcome was the team-reported number of communication-associated events (CAEs) defined as misunderstandings that impaired workflow during endoscopic examination. Secondary outcomes included perceived voice and headphone quality and overall comfort with DECT during endoscopic work.

Results The use of DECT was associated with a significant reduction in communication-associated events in endoscopic procedures and overall, was perceived positively.

Conclusions Digital enhancement of communication is a promising and easy-to- establish tool for improving team communication quality in endoscopy.
Endoscopic management of cystic duct stones and Mirizzi’s syndrome: experience at an academic medical center
Authors: Pawa Rishi , Dorrell Robert , Pawa Swati
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Cystic duct stones (CDS) are challenging to treat with conventional ERCP techniques due to the small diameter and tortuous nature of the cystic duct. There have been limited studies focused on endoscopic management of CDS. We present our experience managing CDS endoscopically and demonstrate that new advances in endoscopic technology have rendered CDS easier to manage.

Patients and methods From 2013 to 2020, we prospectively maintained a database of patients undergoing endoscopic management of CDS. ERCP was performed in all patients, and if unsuccessful in removing stones, cholangioscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was utilized. All patients were followed in clinic for outcomes.

Results Of 5,123 ERCPs performed at our institution during the study period, 21 patients were diagnosed with CDS. Six patients were successfully treated with conventional ERCP alone. Cholangioscopy with EHL was used in 15 patients undergoing 18 procedures to achieve stone clearance. CDS clearance was achieved in all patients. There was one adverse event (post-ERCP pancreatitis). Spyglass DS was associated with a significant decrease in average procedure time in comparison to first-generation SpyGlass (89.3 vs. 54.4 minutes, P = 0.004). Thirteen patients (87 %) were discharged from the hospital within 24 hours. The median follow-up duration was 23.2 months.

Conclusions Endoscopy should be the preferred management strategy for CDS, especially in patients with prior cholecystectomy. Surgical outcomes have been associated with high patient morbidity and hospital length of stay. Our case series is the largest cohort of CDS patients successfully managed with cholangioscopy and EHL in the United States.
UK Joint Advisory Group consensus statements for training and certification in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Siau Keith , Keane Margaret G , Steed Helen , Caddy Grant , Church Nick , Martin Harry , McCrudden Raymond , Neville Peter , Oppong Kofi , Paranandi Bharat , Rasheed Ashraf , Sturgess Richard , Hawkes Neil D , Webster George , Johnson Gavin ,   on behalf of the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG)
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Despite the high-risk nature of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a robust and standardized credentialing process to ensure competency before independent practice is lacking worldwide. On behalf of the Joint Advisory Group (JAG), we aimed to develop evidence-based recommendations to form the framework of ERCP training and certification in the UK.

Methods Under the oversight of the JAG, a modified Delphi process was conducted with stakeholder representation from the British Society of Gastroenterology, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, trainees and trainers. Recommendations on ERCP training and certification were formulated after formal literature review and appraised using the GRADE tool. These were subjected to electronic voting to achieve consensus. Accepted statements were peer-reviewed by JAG and relevant Specialist Advisory Committees before incorporation into the ERCP certification pathway.

Results In total, 27 recommendation statements were generated for the following domains: definition of competence (9 statements), acquisition of competence (8 statements), assessment of competence (6 statements) and post-certification support (4 statements). The consensus process led to the following criteria for ERCP certification: 1) performing ≥ 300 hands-on procedures; 2) attending a JAG-accredited ERCP skills course; 3) in modified Schutz 1–2 procedures: achieving native papilla cannulation rate ≥80%, complete bile duct clearance ≥ 70 %, successful stenting of distal biliary strictures ≥ 75 %, physically unassisted in ≥ 80 % of cases; 4) 30-day post-ERCP pancreatitis rates ≤5 %; and 5) satisfactory performance in formative and summative direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessments.

Conclusions JAG certification in ERCP has been developed following evidence-based consensus to quality assure training and to ultimately improve future standards of ERCP practice.
Endoscopic management of non-ampullary duodenal adenomas
Authors: Coriat Romain , Barret Maximilien , Amoyel Maxime , Belle Arthur , Dhooge Marion , Ali Einas Abou , Hallit Rachel , Prat Frederic , Dohan Anthony , Terris Benoit , Chaussade Stanislas
Published: January 2022

Duodenal polyps are found in 0.1 % to 0.8 % of all upper endoscopies. Duodenal adenomas account for 10 % to 20 % of these lesions. They can be sporadic or occur in the setting of a hereditary predisposition syndrome, mainly familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy is the cornerstone of management of duodenal adenomas, allowing for diagnosis and treatment, primarily by endoscopic mucosal resection. The endoscopic treatment of duodenal adenomas has a high morbidity, reaching 15 % in a prospective study, consisting of bleeding and perforations, and should therefore be performed in expert centers. The local recurrence rate ranges from 9 % to 37 %, and is maximal for piecemeal resections of lesions > 20 mm. Surgical resection of the duodenum is flawed with major morbidity and considered a rescue procedure in cases of endoscopic treatment failures or severe endoscopic complications such as duodenal perforations. In this paper, we review the existing evidence on endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of non-ampullary duodenal adenomas.
Mucormycosis: An Uncommon Cutaneous Infection at Permanent Pacemaker-Implanted Site in a Very Low-Birthweight Baby
Authors: Choudhury Minati , Narula Jitin , Hote Milind P. , Mohapatra Sarita
Published: January 2022

Permanent pacemaker implantation in low birthweight (LBW) babies with congenital complete heart block is extremely challenging due to a paucity of appropriate pulse generator placement pocket sites. The development of infection following an implantation procedure can pose a life-threatening risk to the patients. With more patients in the younger group receiving these devices than ever before and the rate of infection increasing rapidly, a closer look at the burden of infection and its impact on outcome of these patients is warranted. We report mucormycosis infection at the abdominal pacemaker pocket site of an infant requiring pacemaker explantation and re-insertion into the intrapleural space.
Comparative Analysis of Surgical Exposure among Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to Petrosectomy: An Experimental Study in Cadavers
Authors: Loymak Thanapong , Belykh Evgenii , Abramov Irakliy , Tungsanga Somkanya , Sarris Christina E. , Little Andrew S. , Preul Mark C.
Published: January 2022

Objectives Endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for petrosectomies are evolving to reduce perioperative brain injuries and complications. Surgical terminology, techniques, landmarks, advantages, and limitations of these approaches remain ill defined. We quantitatively analyzed the anatomical relationships and differences between EEA exposures for medial, inferior, and inferomedial petrosectomies.

Design This study presents anatomical dissection and quantitative analysis.

Setting Cadaveric heads were used for dissection. EEAs were performed using the medial petrosectomy (MP), the inferior petrosectomy (IP), and the inferomedial petrosectomy (IMP) techniques.

Participants Six cadaver heads (12 sides, total) were dissected; each technique was performed on four sides.

Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included the area of exposure, visible distances, angles of attack, and bone resection volume.

Results The IMP technique provided a greater area of exposure (p < 0.01) and bone resection volume (p < 0.01) when compared with the MP and IP techniques. The IMP technique had a longer working length of the abducens nerve (cranial nerve [CN] VI) than the MP technique (p < 0.01). The IMP technique demonstrated higher angles of attack to specific neurovascular structures when compared with the MP (midpons [p = 0.04], anterior inferior cerebellar artery [p < 0.01], proximal part of the cisternal CN VI segment [p = 0.02]) and IP (flocculus [p = 0.02] and the proximal [p = 0.02] and distal parts [p = 0.02] of the CN VII/VIII complex) techniques.

Conclusion Each of these approaches offers varying degrees of access to the petroclival region, and the surgical approach should be appropriately tailored to the pathology. Overall, the IMP technique provides greater EEA surgical exposure to vital neurovascular structures than the MP and the IP techniques.
Application of a hydrophobic microporous material in vehicle suspension
Authors: Nie Gaofa , Li Zhanyong , Chen Qian
Published: January 2022

Automotive suspension systems are important parts of vehicles and are vital for ride comfort, safety, and handling stability. Various active and semi-active suspension configurations have been developed and applied to high-end cars, but passive suspensions are still the most widely used type because of their lower cost, higher reliability, simpler structure, and lack of energy consumption. Consequently, it is meaningful to study a novel passive suspension based on a hydrophobic microporous material, whose working mechanism is illustrated using the Laplace capillary principle. A stiffness model is built based on hydrostatic principles, the primary resonance response of the nonlinear dynamic system is established using averaging, the performance of the passive suspension is simulated using MATLAB Simulink, and the ride comfort is assessed based on the weighted root-mean-square acceleration. The results show that the natural frequency, suspension deflection, and weighted root-mean-square acceleration of the new suspension meet the design objectives. In addition, for a given natural frequency, the suspension deflection of the studied suspension is less than that of a linear suspension, and the proposed low-pressure molecular-spring suspension offers a new choice when designing passive automotive suspensions.
An integrated fluid simulation platform on Hall thruster plasmas
Authors: Li Nannan , Liu Yue , Liu Chao , Wu Mingyang
Published: January 2022

In this work, a newly integrated fluid simulation platform, named DUT-HTFS, is developed for the multiple physical fields in Hall thrusters. The integrated simulation platform includes three inter-related parts: the geometry module, background magnetic field module, and plasma module. Using the geometry module, three sets of meshes for a Hall thruster are obtained. One set of the mesh is for the calculation of the background magnetic fields, the second is for the electric potentials, and the third is for the plasmas. Based on the meshes and using the background magnetic field module, a numerical result of the background magnetic field in the Hall thruster is obtained and discussed. Based on the meshes and the numerical result of the background magnetic field, using the plasma module, the numerical results of the plasmas in the Hall thruster are obtained. The results of the plasma density, the electric field, the electric potential, and the ionization rate are similar to those from HPHALL (Hybrid-PIC Hall thruster code) simulations and are qualitatively consistent with the experimental results from the literature. Furthermore, varying the neutral gas pressure from 0.02 to 0.03 Torr, the numerical results of the plasmas in the Hall thruster are obtained. These results reveal that neutral gas pressure effects contributed considerably to the shape, location, and magnitude of the peak plasma properties, including the ion density, axial electric field, and ionization rate. This fluid simulation platform could provide a new angle of view for better understanding of the physical mechanism in Hall thrusters.
‘Broken English’, ‘dialect’ or ‘Bahamianese’?
Authors: Laube Alexander , Rothmund Janina
Published: January 2022

The study investigates language attitudes in The Bahamas, addressing the current status of the local creole in society as well as attitudinal indicators of endonormative reorientation and stabilization. At the heart of the study is a verbal guise test which investigates covert language attitudes among educated Bahamians, mostly current and former university students; this was supplemented by a selection of acceptance rating scales and other direct question formats. The research instrument was specifically designed to look into the complex relationships between Bahamian Creole and local as well as non-local accents of standard English and to test associated solidarity and status effects in informal settings. The results show that the situation in The Bahamas mirrors what is found for other creole-speaking Caribbean countries in that the local vernacular continues to be ‘the language of solidarity, national identity, emotion and humour, and Standard the language of education, religion, and officialdom’ (Youssef 2004: 44). Notably, the study also finds that standard Bahamian English outranks the other metropolitan standards with regard to status traits, suggesting an increase in endonormativity.
OuroborosBEM: a fast multi-GPU microscopic Monte Carlo simulation for gaseous detectors and charged particle dynamics
Authors: Quéméner G. , Salvador S.
Published: January 2022

The design of gaseous detectors for accelerator, particle and nuclear physics requires simulations relying on multi-physics aspects. In fact, these simulations deal with the dynamics of a large number of charged particles interacting in a gaseous medium immersed in the electric field generated by a more or less complex assembly of electrodes and dielectric materials. We report here on a homemade software, called ouroborosbem, able to tackle the different features involved in such simulations.
After solving the electrostatic problem for which a solver based on the boundary element method (BEM) has been implemented, particles are tracked and will microscopically interact with the gas medium. Dynamical effects have been included such as the electron-ion recombination process, the charging-up of the dielectric materials and other space charge effects that might alter the detector performances. These were made possible thanks to the nVidia CUDA language specifically optimised to run on Graphical Processor Units (GPUs) to minimize the computing times.
Comparisons of the results obtained for parallel plate avalanche counters and GEM detectors to literature data on swarm parameters fully validate the performances of ouroborosbem. Moreover, we were able to precisely reproduce the measured gains of single and double GEM detectors as a function of the applied voltage.
Spectral shift function for a discretized continuum
Authors: Rubtsova O A , Pomerantsev V N
Published: January 2022

A spectral shift function (SSF) is an important object in the scattering theory which is related both to the spectral density and to the scattering matrix. In the paper, it is shown how to employ the SSF formalism to solve scattering problems when the continuum is discretized, e.g. when solving a scattering problem in a finite volume or in the representation of some finite square-integrable basis. A new algorithm is proposed for reconstructing integrated densities of states and the SSF using a union of discretized spectra corresponding to a set of Gaussian bases with the shifted scale parameters. The examples given show that knowledge of the discretized spectra of the total and asymptotic Hamiltonians is sufficient to find the scattering partial phase shifts at any required energy, as well as the resonances parameters.