bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of the genus Coeleumenes van der Vecht from the Philippine Islands, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: SELIS MARCO
Published: February 2024

The genus Coeleumenes van der Vecht, 1963 is recorded from the Philippine Islands for the first time, with Coeleumenes rusticanus sp. nov. from Mindanao. A key to the species occurring in the Malay Archipelago is provided, and Coeleumenes flavus Nguyen, 2016 and C. chumomray Mai & Nguyen, 2021 are synonymized under C. impavidus (Bingham, 1897) syn. nov.
A new genus and species of a submarine cave crab of the family Plagusiidae Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
Authors: FUJITA YOSHIHISA , NARUSE TOHRU
Published: February 2024

Caligoplagusia okinawa n. gen. & n. sp., assigned to the brachyuran family Plagusiidae Dana, 1851 is described on the basis of a male and a female specimens collected from a semi-submerged marine cave on the limestone shore of Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The new monotypic genus is most similar to Euchirograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 and Miersiograpsus Türkay, 1978 in that the frontal margin lacks a deep sublateral cleft adjacent to the orbit, but differs significantly by its subhexagonal carapace shape, the anterolateral margin of the carapace with three teeth including the external orbital tooth, the anterior margin of ambulatory meri each armed with a row of large teeth, and the greatly reduced eyes. The pale body colour, reduced eyes, the very elongate antennal flagellum, and long ambulatory legs are all typical brachyuran adaptations to living in cave environments. This is the first cave-dwelling species of the family Plagusiidae.
Multi-Spectral Analysis for Accurate Furfural Quantification in Transformer Oil as a Diagnostic Indicator for Aging Oil-Paper Insulation
Authors: Liu Chao , La Gui , Zhang Jia-Qi , Zhao Wen-Tao , Duo Bu-Jie , Zhou Qu
Published: February 2024

The precise determination of furfural content in transformer oil is pivotal for evaluating the aging state of oil-paper insulation and, consequently, facilitating effective diagnosis of power transformer health. In this study, a comprehensive approach was employed to advance the spectral
detection options, integrating Raman, infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. To establish a robust molecular simulation model for furfural, the Gaussian 09 W program was utilized, incorporating wave function and dispersion functions based on the 6-311G basis group. By comparing the absorption
peak attributions from density-functional simulation calculations, we provide a theoretical foundation for selecting optimal detection spectra. Accelerated thermal aging tests were conducted on oil samples from oil-paper insulation, and Raman, infrared, and ultraviolet spectra were subsequently
acquired. Spectral data underwent preprocessing using the polynomial least squares method. Considering sensitivity, detection limit, repeatability, and stability, Raman spectroscopy emerged as the optimal method for furfural detection, a prominent aging product in oil-paper insulation. Expanding
on this, a quantitative analysis model for furfural detection in transformer oil was developed based on the linear relationship between Raman characteristic peak area and furfural concentration. The goodness of fit for this model was exceptionally high at 0.997, demonstrating its reliability
and accuracy.
Adjustable High-Power Light Emitting Diode Driving Circuit and Its Lighting Application in Sports Venues
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhao Weifeng , Liu Wanli
Published: February 2024

High-power LED not only has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long service life, and high reliability, but also has the advantages of high light efficiency and large conduction current. According to the characteristics of high-power LED, an adjustable high-power LED driving circuit is designed in this study. The chip adopts the Boost circuit structure driven by constant current, and the output current on a single channel is converted into voltage by using the sampling resistor on the LED path and fed back to the circuit. After passing a mirror current independent of temperature through a resistor, the reference voltage source is obtained by voltage division. When designing the LDO circuit of voltage regulator, modules such as front-end voltage conversion circuit and input under voltage protection circuit are added. When designing the soft start circuit, the output voltage of the soft start replaces the output of the error amplifier and is connected to one end of the PWM comparator. In the design of dimming circuit, PWM dimming technology is adopted, and the DIM pin is connected to low level when there is no PWM signal. In the experiment, the lowest level of soft start is 0.78 V, the highest bit is 1.35 V, and the period is 374.6 us. When VIN = 8 V, the output voltage can be adjusted to 40 V in one period based on soft start, which meets the starting requirements of the driving circuit. When the DIM pin is connected with a PWM dimming signal with a duty ratio of 90% and a frequency of 10 kHz, the output current of the LED light is in a relatively stable state. Applying the designed LED driving circuit to the lighting of sports venues can meet the requirements of daily events and training, and has advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
Microstructure-Property Relationship and Embrittlement Mechanism of HR3C Steel with High-Temperature Service of 65000 h
Authors: Liu Xin-Ying , Liu Guang-Yao , Li Gen , Shang Wei , Zhang Zhong-Wu
Published: February 2024

HR3C steel, an austenitic helat-resistant steels, due to its good strength, high temperature behaviour and cost effectiveness, which lead to the extensive use in ultra-supercritical boilers. In order to study the microstructure characteristics and embrittlement mechanism of superheater
tube of 660 MW thermal power boiler, the microstructure and chemical composition as well as the mechanical performance of HR3C steel pipe after service were tested. The results showed that HR3C steel, after approximately 65,000 hours of service, exhibited a continuous sheet-like distribution
of M23C6 phasealong the grain boundaries, accompanied by needle-like or strip-like M23C6 phase growing into the grain boundaries, as well as the presence of Z phase (NbCrN) and σ-equivalent precipitation phase along the periphery of
the grain boundaries. Following service, the hardness of HR3C steel experienced a slight increase, the tensile strength remained relatively unchanged, and the yield strength exhibited an increase of approximately 15%. However, the elongation after fracture significantly decreased, resulting
in a decrease in plasticity decreased by 64% to 73% compared to its original state. HR3C steel displayed notable embrittlement after 65,000 hours of service at 650 °C, with a 96% reduction in impact toughness. The precipitation of M23C6 and σ phase were
identified as the primary causes of embrittlement in HR3C steel.
Between responsibility and escape: The future as an object of knowledge in the humanities and social sciences
Authors: Andersson Jenny
Published: February 2024

The future has been a central object of inquiry in the twentieth-century social theory. In this essay, a first generation of intellectual concern with the future is represented in the post-war turn towards a hermeneutics of time and reflections on modernity in the writings of conceptual historian Reinhart Koselleck and philosopher Paul Ricoeur. In their writings, the future was both essential reflection on the limits of human existence and a fundamental liberation of political potential. As such they situated the future in what was defined as historical time. A second wave of scholarly thinking came in the explosion of a post-war field of futures studies. The future, to post-war futurists, was a loss of telos and an indication of the fundamental immaturity and hubris of the human subject. History was a cumbersome remnant of past destruction, and the imperative was to move beyond. In a third generation, currently taking form, the future is considered as part of a postmodern, indeed posthuman existence. ‘There is no such thing as humanity’ makes human history impossible and opens the question of whether it is even possible to engage with the future without a clear anchoring in the history of what it is to be human.
Alter-neoliberal analysis: Abduction, critique, radical imagination
Authors: Soudias Dimitris
Published: February 2024

Radical critique and praxis today face an unprecedented challenge because neoliberal rationalities partly succeeded in encroaching upon emancipatory ambitions. On the one hand, as critical sociology informs us, this is because many of the utilitarian tenets of neoliberal rationalities have become naturalized in everyday conduct. On the other hand, as pragmatic sociology shows, because neoliberalism has succeeded in incorporating critical activity into its mode of functioning, challenging neoliberalism comes at the cost of its partial reproduction. Against this backdrop, the goal of this article is to reconsider both the role of critique in neoliberalism and the mode of inquiry of critique, in order to map out an ‘alter-neoliberal analysis’: a normative mode of critical inquiry that seeks to discover what would need to be the case for a future beyond neoliberalism to be conceivable. Building on the inferential logic of abduction, alter-neoliberal analysis (1) defamiliarizes the opaque ways in which neoliberal rationalities encroach upon practices, so as to (2) critique them in ways that curtail their reproduction and (3) radically imagine politico-epistemological positions that are unintelligible to neoliberal rationalities.
Impact of Time and Enzyme Concentration on Sangyod Rice Bran Hydrolysate: Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Amino Acids, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Aenglong Chakkapat , Woonnoi Wanwipha , Tanasawet Supita , Klaypradit Wanwimol , Sukketsiri Wanida
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the production of Sangyod rice bran hydrolysate (SYRB) from Sangyod rice, focusing on incubation times (1, 3, and 5 h) and alcalase enzyme concentrations (0, 0.7, and 1% v/v). The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent relationship: higher alcalase concentrations increased hydrolysate yield. Prolonged incubation, especially with alcalase, enhanced substrate breakdown, further increasing hydrolysate production. The degree of hydrolysis, reflecting peptide bond cleavage, depended on both incubation time and enzyme concentration, emphasizing the role of enzyme activity in efficiency. Moreover, color analysis (L*, a*, b*) and color difference (∆E) revealed intricate changes from enzymatic hydrolysis. Proximate composition analysis showed higher protein and lipid content with increased enzyme concentration and longer incubation times, whereas ash content varied with both factors. Hydrolysate powders exhibited higher moisture content than raw rice bran, indicating the impact of the hydrolysis process. The study also explored SYRB's antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity, which were sensitive to incubation time and alcalase concentration. Longer incubation increased DPPH scavenging activity, with the highest efficacy at 3 h. Meanwhile, ABTS scavenging displayed a delicate balance with alcalase concentration. The cytotoxicity study of SYRB revealed that all concentrations of SYRB were non-toxic to C2C12 cells, with cell viability values exceeding 70%.
Immune recovery uveitis in Whipple’s disease: an unusual ocular presentation
Authors: Lequain Hippolyte , Abramowicz Stéphane , Seiller Julien , Abukhashbah Amro , Burillon Carole , Vignot Emmanuelle , Brunet Olivier , Sève Pascal
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To describe an unusual case of Whipple’s disease (WD) complicated by uveitis, and subsequent paradoxical worsening after effective antibiotic treatment targeting Tropheryma whipplei (TW).

Methods

Case report.

Results

A 53-year-old male presented with bilateral knee arthritis, weight loss, chronic low-grade fever, and cognitive disorders. He was under treatment with tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi) for seronegative spondyloarthritis. Given this unusual clinical presentation, further investigations were performed and revealed blood, saliva, stool, synovial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid positivity for TW, confirming the diagnosis of systemic WD. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral posterior uveitis and an aqueous humor sample confirmed the presence of intraocular TW. TNFi were stopped, and the patient was subsequently treated with adequate antibiotics (ceftriaxone, followed by doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine), and subconjunctival corticosteroid injections. After a transient improvement of the ocular symptoms, he presented a recurrence of posterior segment inflammation, leading to repeated PCR testing for TW which were negative. Therefore, paradoxical worsening of the inflammation in the context of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) was thought to be the culprit. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy, allowing for rapid improvement of the ocular findings.

Conclusions

This case underlines the possibility of IRU complicating WD. Ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, and internists should be aware of this rare complication, particularly in the context of previous immunosuppressive therapy.
Mitigation effect of alpha-tocopherol and thermo-priming in Brassica napus L. under induced mercuric chloride stress
Authors: Amin Fazal , AL-Huqail Arwa Abdulkreem , Ullah Sami , Khan Muhammad Nauman , Kaplan Alevcan , Ali Baber , Iqbal Majid , Elsaid Fahmy Gad , Ercisli Sezai , Malik Tabarak , Al-Robai Sami Asir , Abeed Amany H. A.
Published: February 2024

Soil pollution with heavy metals has grown to be a big hassle, leading to the loss in farming production particularly in developing countries like Pakistan, where no proper channel is present for irrigation and extraction of these toxic heavy metals. The present study aims to ameliorate the damages caused by heavy metal ions (Hg-Mercury) on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) via a growth regulator (α-tocopherol 150 mg/L) and thermopriming technique at 4 °C and 50 °C to maintain plant agronomical and physiological characteristics. In pot experiments, we designed total of 11 treatments viz.( T0 (control), T1 (Hg4ppm), T2 (Hg8ppm), T3 (Hg4ppm + 4 °C), T4 (Hg4ppm + 4 °C + tocopherol (150 m/L)), T5 (Hg4ppm + 50 °C), T6 (Hg4ppm + 50 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L)), T7 (Hg8ppm + 4 °C), T8 (Hg8ppm + 4 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L)), T9 (Hg8ppm + 50 °C), T10 (Hg8ppm + 50 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L) the results revealed that chlorophyll content at p < 0.05 with growth regulator and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde enhanced up to the maximum level at T5 = Hg4ppm + 50 °C (50 °C thermopriming under 4 ppm mercuric chloride stress), suggesting that high temperature initiate the antioxidant system to reduce photosystem damage. However, protein, proline, superoxide dismutase at p < 0.05, and carotenoid, soluble sugar, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) 50 °C thermopriming under 8 ppm high mercuric chloride stress (T9 = Hg8ppm + 50 °C) representing the tolerance of selected specie by synthesizing osmolytes to resist oxidation mechanism. Furthermore, reduction in % MC (moisture content) is easily improved with foliar application of α-tocopherol and 50 °C thermopriming and 4 ppm heavy metal stress at T6 = Hg4ppm + 50 °C + α-tocopherol (150 mg/L), with a remarkable increase in plant vigor and germination energy. It has resulted that the inhibitory effect of only lower concentration (4 ppm) of heavy metal stress was ameliorated by exogenous application of α-tocopherol and thermopriming technique by synthesizing high levels of proline and antioxidant activities in maintaining seedling growth and development on heavy metal contaminated soil.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment predicts listing for kidney transplant in patients with end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Patel Jay , Martinchek Michelle , Mills Dawson , Hussain Sheraz , Kyeso Yousef , Huisingh-Scheetz Megan , Rubin Daniel , Landi Andrea J. , Cimeno Arielle , Madariaga Maria Lucia L.
Published: February 2024

Background

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) involves a formal broad approach to assess frailty and creating a plan for management. However, the impact of CGA and its components on listing for kidney transplant in older adults has not been investigated.

Methods

We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent CGA during kidney transplant candidacy evaluation between 2017 and 2021. All patients ≥ 65 years old and those under 65 with any team member concern for frailty were referred for CGA, which included measurements of healthcare utilization, comorbidities, social support, short physical performance battery, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Physical Frailty Phenotype (FPP), and estimate of surgical risk by the geriatrician.

Results

Two hundred and thirty patients underwent baseline CGA evaluation; 58.7% (135) had high CGA (“Excellent” or “Good” rating for transplant candidacy) and 41.3% (95) had low CGA ratings (“Borderline,” “Fair,” or “Poor”). High CGA rating (OR 8.46; p < 0.05), greater number of CGA visits (OR 4.93; p = 0.05), younger age (OR 0.88; p < 0.05), higher MoCA scores (OR 1.17; p < 0.05), and high physical activity (OR 4.41; p < 0.05) were all associated with listing on transplant waitlist.

Conclusions

The CGA is a useful, comprehensive tool to help select older adults for kidney transplantation. Further study is needed to better understand the predictive value of CGA in predicting post-operative outcomes.
Socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in delivery by cesarean section among women in Bangladesh, 2004–2017
Authors: Kundu Satyajit , Sharif Azaz Bin , Chowdhury Syed Sharaf Ahmed , Afroz Sadia , Dey Rakhi , Hossain Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Background

There is a dearth of evidence on the trends and inequalities in utilizing cesarean section (CS) among women in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in delivery by CS among Bangladeshi women from 2004 to 2017.

Methods

Data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017 were analyzed using the WHO’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. Inequalities were measured using four summary measures: Difference (D), Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), and Ratio (R). Socioeconomic inequalities were assessed using two equity dimensions: household wealth status, and level of education, while geographical disparities were measured using two equity dimensions: place of residence, and sub-national regions. For each measure, point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were reported.

Results

An increasing trend in the prevalence (weighted) of CS in Bangladesh use was found from 4.50% in 2004 to 32.73% in 2017 We found significant socioeconomic inequalities in CS in every survey point, with a higher concentration of CS among the rich (in 2017, PAR = 28.57; 95% CI: 26.69–30.46) indicating a pro-rich inequality, and higher educated (in 2017, PAF = 23.97; 95% CI: 12.26–35.68) sub-groups. We also identified significant geographical disparities in CS with a higher concentration of CS among people from urban areas (in 2017, PAR = 10.99; 95% CI: 10.19–11.79), and a coastal region (Khulna division) (in 2017, PAF: 30.48 (95% CI: 18.66–42.30).

Conclusion

We observed both socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in CS exist in Bangladesh, though the trends of these inequalities were curved over time. Thus, it is important to comprehend these pro-rich and geographical inequalities better and implement appropriate interventions and policies to alleviate them.
Tretinoin improves the anti-cancer response to cyclophosphamide, in a model-selective manner
Authors: Tilsed Caitlin M. , Morales M. Lizeth Orozco , Zemek Rachael M. , Gordon Brianna A. , Piggott Matthew J. , Nowak Anna K. , Fisher Scott A. , Lake Richard A. , Lesterhuis W. Joost
Published: February 2024

Background

Chemotherapy is included in treatment regimens for many solid cancers, but when administered as a single agent it is rarely curative. The addition of immune checkpoint therapy to standard chemotherapy regimens has improved response rates and increased survival in some cancers. However, most patients do not respond to treatment and immune checkpoint therapy can cause severe side effects. Therefore, there is a need for alternative immunomodulatory drugs that enhance chemotherapy.

Methods

We used gene expression data from cyclophosphamide (CY) responders and non-responders to identify existing clinically approved drugs that could phenocopy a chemosensitive tumor microenvironment (TME), and tested combination treatments in multiple murine cancer models.

Results

The vitamin A derivative tretinoin was the top predicted upstream regulator of response to CY. Tretinoin pre-treatment induced an inflammatory, interferon-associated TME, with increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, sensitizing the tumor to subsequent chemotherapy. However, while combination treatment significantly improved survival and cure rate in a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell dependent manner in AB1-HA murine mesothelioma, this effect was model-selective, and could not be replicated using other cell lines.

Conclusions

Despite the promising data in one model, the inability to validate the efficacy of combination treatment in multiple cancer models deprioritizes tretinoin/cyclophosphamide combination therapy for clinical translation.
The efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in the treatment of postoperative patients with muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Yang Meng , Wei Dongqun , Zhang Deru , Chen Zeyu , Zhu Haitao
Published: February 2024

Background

A combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy has demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy and safety in treating a variety of cancers, including urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, its efficacy and safety in patients with muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who are undergoing radical surgery remain uncertain. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of tislelizumab combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (TGC) as a first-line postoperative adjuvant treatment in this population.

Methods

This single-center, real-world study retrospectively analyzed the data from 71 patients with muscle-invasive UTUC who had radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between November 1, 2020, and November 1, 2023. Among the 71 patients, 30 received adjuvant therapy of TGC within 90 days after RNU and 41 underwent surveillance. No patients receive preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. The TGC therapy group received adjuvant therapy every 3 weeks postoperatively until the first recurrence, first metastasis, or death due to any reason, whichever occurred first. The patients were followed up telephonically and through outpatient visits to record and evaluate their disease-free survival (DFS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).

Results

This study assessed the DFS of 41 and 30 patients in the surveillance group and TGC therapy group, respectively. The median DFS of the surveillance group was 16.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.7–18.3] months, while the median DFS of the TGC group has not yet reached [hazard ratio (HR) 0.367 (95% CI, 0.169–0.796); p = 0.008], with 21 patients still undergoing follow-up. Compared with the surveillance group, the TGC therapy group had dramatically improved DFS after RNU and reduced risk by 63.3%. Of the 30 patients receiving combination therapy, 28 experienced TRAEs; all TRAEs were consistent with the frequently reported events in the chemotherapy-alone regimens, and there were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that TGC therapy exhibits excellent clinical efficacy in patients undergoing radical surgery, significantly improving DFS and displaying great safety.
Micronutrients in infants suffering from cow’s milk allergy fed with dietary formulas and breast milk
Authors: Maleknejad Shohreh , Dashti Kobra , Safaei-Asl Afshin , Roshan Zahra Atrkar , Salehi Soodeh , Hassanzadeh-Rad Afagh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. As this food allergy indicates a wide range of clinical syndromes due to immunological reactions to cow’s milk proteins, we aimed to evaluate the status of micronutrients in infants suffering from cow’s milk allergy.

Methods

In this historical cohort study, infants with CMA were divided into two equal groups: breastfeeding and diet formula feeding. Data were gathered by a form, including the micronutrients such as iron, selenium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin D. Groups were compared and data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS version 21.

Results

This study involved 60 six-month-old infants, and the findings revealed no significant difference between the two groups concerning magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin D. However, infants in the formula-feeding group exhibited significantly elevated mean serum levels of iron and selenium, whereas breastfed infants displayed higher levels of calcium.

Conclusion

The findings of this research revealed a significant difference in calcium, selenium, and iron levels between formula-fed and breastfed infants, even though all variables were within the normal range for both groups. In light of these results, conducting further studies with a larger sample size and extended follow-up periods becomes imperative.
The effect of the simulated intrauterine sound on behavioral and physiological indices of pain during capillary blood sampling for screening preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Yarahmadi Shamimeh , Pouralizadeh Moluk , Atrkarroushan Zahra , Shahroudi Parichehr
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Due to medical procedures, preterm infants are at high risk for side effects of pain. In this regard, heel lancing for capillary blood sampling is a common painful procedure. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a simulated intrauterine sound on behavioral and physiological indices of pain due to heel-prick blood sampling in preterm infants.

Methods

A double‑blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted. The data were collected from September 23 to December 22, 2019. We measured the effect of a simulated intrauterine sound on changes in the behavioral and physiological parameters of pain (heart rate, SPO2) caused by heel lance that was measured 5 min before the intervention, during the sampling, and 5 min after the procedure. We measured behavioral pain by video recording the infants’ faces and then the scoring neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS). Heart rate and SPO2 were measured using a pulse oximeter device. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t‑test in SPSS software version 20.0.

Results

Eighty infants were randomized (40 in each group). Mean scores NIPS during and after intervention were in the intervention group (3.55 ± 0.84, 95% CI: 3.30–3.80(, and (1.15 ± 0.84, 95%: 0.95–1.35) and in the control group (5.57 ± 0.95, 95% CI:5.30–5.85) and (3.00 ± 0.98) respectively. There were significant differences in scores of NIPS between the two study groups during (p < 0.001) and five min after heel lancing (p < 0.001). Mean scores of heart rate in the three phases of before, during, and five min after the intervention were respectively in the intervention group (127.57 ± 4.45, 95% CI:126.27-128.99), (131.07 ± 6.54, 95% CI:129.20-133.22), (128.45 ± 5.15, 95% CI:127.02-130.07) and in the control group (128.67 ± 4.57, 95% CI:127.32-130.07), (136.07 ± 7.24, 95% CI:133.90-138.37), and (132.42 ± 6.47, 95% CI:130.37-134.49). There were significant differences in heart rate between the intervention and the control group during (p = 0.002) and five min after the heel lance (p = 0.003). Mean scores of SPO2 in the three phases of baseline, during, and five min after the intervention were respectively in the intervention group (96.72 ± 0.93, 95% CI:96.42-97.00), (91.47 ± 1.46, 95% CI:91.05–91.92), (94.17 ± 1.03, 95% CI:93.22-94.00) and in the control group (96.6 ± 0.84, 95% CI:96.35–96.85), (91.5 ± 1.24, 95% CI:91.12–91.87), and (93.60 ± 1.27, 95% CI:93.85–94.50).

Conclusion

This study showed that the simulated intrauterine sound reduces the behavioral pain and heart rate in the intervention group during and after heel lance. These results suggest using the method during the painful heel lancing to reduce pain parameters in preterm infants.
Platelet rich fibrin and MTA in the treatment of teeth with open apices
Authors: Pham Van-Khoa , Pham Tran-Lan-Khue , Pham An-Tran , Le Hoang-Lan-Anh , Tran Thi-Bich-Van , Hoang Manh-Cuong , Vo Ta-Binh , Vy Khanh-Ngoc , Tran Minh-Hong , Tran Thi-Anh-Thu , Bui Minh-Anh , Hoang Anh-Dung , Nguyen Ngoc-Phuc , Nguyen Thi-Tam-Duyen , Nguyen Phuc-Nguyen , Tran Thi-Tuong-Vi , Nguyen Cao-Hoai-Linh
Published: February 2024

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as the apical matrix for the placement of MTA in nonsurgical endodontic therapy for teeth with periapical lesions and open apices.

Methods

Twelve teeth from eleven patients with periapical periodontitis and open apices were enrolled in the study. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was performed with the PRF used as an apical barrier and the MTA manipulated as an apical plug for further thermoplasticized gutta percha in the remaining part of the root canal. Clinical signs and periapical digital radiographs were recorded and analyzed to evaluate the curing progress after periodical follow-ups of 1, 3, and 6 months. The horizontal dimension of the periapical lesion was determined, and the changes in the dimensions were recorded each time. The Friedman test was used for statistical analysis, with P < .05 serving as the threshold for determining statistical significance.

Results

All patients had no clinical symptoms after the first month of treatment, with a significant reduction in the periapical lesion after periodical appointments.

Conclusions

PRF is an effective barrier when combined with MTA for the treatment of teeth with periapical periodontitis and open apices.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite temperature and concentration on the fracture resistance of root dentin
Authors: Barakat Reem M. , Almohareb Rahaf A. , Alsuwaidan Munirah , Faqehi Ebtihal , Alaidarous Enas , Algahtani Fahda N.
Published: February 2024

Background

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most efficient root canal irrigant to date. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of NaOCl used at different temperatures and concentrations on the compressive strength of root dentin.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two extracted human single-canaled straight roots of comparable size and length were selected and randomly divided into six groups (n = 12): Group (A) served as a control with unprepared canals. The other groups were instrumented with rotary ProTaper Universal files up to size F3. Group (B) was irrigated with 1% NaOCl at room temperature, Group (C) with 1% NaOCl heated to 70 °C, Group (D) with 5.25% NaOCl at room temperature, and Group (E) with 5.25% NaOCl heated to 70 °C. Saline was used in Group (F). The roots were sectioned into 2-mm-thick disks that underwent compression testing using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

A total of 255 disks were tested. The control group showed the highest compressive strength (p = 0.0112). However, this did not differ significantly from that of heated (p = 0.259) or unheated (p = 0.548) 1% NaOCl. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups of instrumented teeth.

Conclusion

Within the conditions of this study, irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations and temperatures during root canal preparation did not affect the compressive strength of root dentin. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates that the use of NaOCl as a root canal irrigant is not associated with a clinically relevant decrease in root compressive strength, especially when compared to saline.
A scoping assessment of dental services at designated head and neck cancer centres in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Levy Ben B. , Goodman Jade , Watson Erin , Gilbert Melanie , Blanas Nick , Noel Christopher W. , Kamalraj Pabiththa , Wright Frances C. , Irish Jonathan C. , Conn Lesley Gotlib , Eskander Antoine
Published: February 2024

Background

Dentists serve a crucial role in managing treatment complications for patients with head and neck cancer, including post-radiation caries and oral infection. To date, dental services for head and neck cancer patients in Ontario, Canada have not been well characterized and considerable disparities in allocation, availability, and funding are thought to exist. The current study aims to describe and assess the provision of dental services for head and neck cancer patients in Ontario.

Methods

A mixed methods scoping assessment was conducted. A purposive sample of dentist-in-chiefs at each of Ontario’s 9 designated head and neck cancer centres (tertiary centres which meet provincially-set quality and safety standards) was invited to participate. Participants completed a 36-item online survey and 60-minute semi-structured interview which explored perceptions of dental services for head and neck cancer patients at their respective centres, including strengths, gaps, and inequities. If a centre did not have a dentist-in-chief, an alternative stakeholder who was knowledgeable on that centre’s dental services participated instead. Thematic analysis of the interview data was completed using a mixed deductive-inductive approach.

Results

Survey questionnaires were completed at 7 of 9 designated centres. A publicly funded dental clinic was present at 5 centres, but only 2 centres provided automatic dental assessment for all patients. Survey data from 2 centres were not captured due to these centres’ lack of active dental services. Qualitative interviews were conducted at 9 of 9 designated centres and elicited 3 themes: (1) lack of financial resources; (2) heterogeneity in dentistry care provision; and (3) gaps in the continuity of care. Participants noted concerning under-resourcing and limitations/restrictions in funding for dental services across Ontario, resulting in worse health outcomes for vulnerable patients. Extensive advocacy efforts by champions of dental services who have sought to mitigate current disparities in dentistry care were also described.

Conclusions

Inequities exist in the provision of dental services for head and neck cancer patients in Ontario. Data from the current study will broaden the foundation for evidence-based decision-making on the allocation and funding of dental services by government health care agencies.
Prevalence and clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation among a population of children in the community of Madrid
Authors: Ortega-Luengo Sara , Feijóo-Garcia Gonzalo , Miegimolle-Herrero Mónica , Gallardo-López Nuria E. , Caleya-Zambrano Antonia M.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), an alteration of tooth enamel with an estimated worldwide prevalence rate of 14%, among children using primary care services in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

Materials and methods

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and multicentre study. After calibrating all researchers and following the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), children aged between 8 and 16 years who were users of the dental services at 8 primary oral health units of the Madrid Health Service (SERMAS) were included. The children underwent a dental examination, and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of MIH was 28.63% (CI: 24.61–32.65%). The age cohorts most affected by MIH were 8 years (21.4%) and 11 years (20.7%). The presence of MIH was greater among girls (85; 60.71%) than among boys (55; 39.28%). The mean number of affected teeth per patient was 4.46 ± 2.8. The most frequently affected molar was the upper right first molar (74.3%), and the upper left central incisor was the most affected incisor (37.85%). Opacities were the defects most frequently recorded (63.57%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of MIH in this study is the highest of all relevant studies conducted in Spain.
Comparison of the teaching clinical biochemistry in face-to-face and the flex-flipped classroom to medical and dental students: a quasi-experimental study from IRAN
Authors: Karimian Zahra , Mokarram Pooneh , Zarifsanaiey Nahid
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Biochemistry is one of the main courses of basic sciences in the medical curriculum, along with other difficult subjects that are difficult to learn. The emergence of new technologies has made it possible to test new methods such as e-Learning. In this study, we compared two methods of Flex-Flipped Classroom (FFC) and face-to-face.

Method

A quasi-experimental research was done which involved both medical and dental students studying the clinical biochemistry course in the joint semester in 2019. A total of 100 medical students were trained in biochemistry through face-to-face teaching, and 60 dental students were trained in the same course through the FFC model. Three researcher-made tools were used to compare the two groups to assess the student’s satisfaction, scores, and self-evaluation. The content validity of the tools was checked using the opinions of 10 experts through the CVI index. The results were analyzed using one-sample t-tests, independent t-tests, and ANOVA.

Results

Both groups scored significantly more than the cut-off-point (Mean > 3.5) in their average scores of the total and sub-components of the self-evaluation questionnaire (P < 0.05). Face-to-face teaching was viewed more favorably than the FFC teaching except for considering the flexibility (4.14 ± 1.55), but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The students’ knowledge score in the FFC was slightly higher than that in the face-to-face method, but this difference was not significant(P = 0.758).

Conclusion

Both face-to-face and FFC methods were effective according to the students, but the level of satisfaction with the face-to-face method was higher. It seems that teacher-student interaction is an important factor in students' preferences. However, the students preferred the flexibility of multimedia. It seems necessary to use the advantages of each method in a model appropriate to the students' conditions and available facilities.
Exploring experiential learning within interprofessional practice education initiatives for pre-licensure healthcare students: a scoping review
Authors: Nagel Daniel A. , Penner Jamie L. , Halas Gayle , Philip Mark T. , Cooke Carol A.
Published: February 2024

Background

Interprofessional collaborative team-based approaches to care in health service delivery has been identified as important to health care reform around the world. Many academic institutions have integrated interprofessional education (IPE) into curricula for pre-licensure students in healthcare disciplines, but few provide formal initiatives for interprofessional practice (IPP). It is recognized that experiential learning (EL) can play a significant role supporting IPP education initiatives; however, little is known of how EL is used within education for IPP in healthcare settings.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to map peer-reviewed literature describing IPP education initiatives involving EL for pre-licensure students in healthcare disciplines. A literature search was executed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Social Services Abstracts. After deduplication, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts of 5664 records and then 252 full-text articles that yielded 100 articles for data extraction. Data was extracted using an Excel template, and results synthesized for presentation in narrative and tabular formats.

Results

The 100 included articles represented 12 countries and IPP education initiatives were described in three main typologies of literature – primary research, program descriptions, and program evaluations. Forty-three articles used a theory, framework, or model for design of their initiatives with only eight specific to EL. A variety of teaching and learning strategies were employed, such as small interprofessional groups of students, team huddles, direct provision of care, and reflective activities, but few initiatives utilized a full EL cycle. A range of perspectives and outcomes were evaluated such as student learning outcomes, including competencies associated with IPP, impacts and perceptions of the IPP initiatives, and others such as client satisfaction.

Conclusion

Few educational frameworks specific to EL have been used to inform EL teaching and learning strategies to consolidate IPE learning and prepare students for IPP in healthcare settings. Further development and evaluation of existing EL frameworks and models would be beneficial in supporting robust IPP educational initiatives for students in healthcare disciplines. Intentional, thoughtful, and comprehensive use of EL informed by theory can contribute important advances in IPP educational approaches and the preparation of a future health care workforce.
Anastrozole for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women: cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK and the USA
Authors: Wei XiaoXia , Cai Jiaqin , Lin Huiting , Wu Wenhua , Zhuang Jie , Sun Hong
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The effectiveness of anastrozole for breast cancer prevention has been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anastrozole for the prevention of breast cancer in women with a high risk of breast cancer and to determine whether anastrozole for the primary prevention of breast cancer can improve the quality of life of women and save health-care resources.

Methods

A decision-analytic model was used to assess the costs and effects of anastrozole prevention versus no prevention among women with a high risk of breast cancer. The key parameters of probability were derived from the IBIS-II trial, and the cost and health outcome data were derived from published literature. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for the two strategies,One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

In the base case, the incremental cost per QALY of anastrozole prevention was £125,705.38/QALY in the first 5 years compared with no prevention in the UK, above the threshold of WTP (£3,000/QALY),and in the 12-year period, the ICER was £8,313.45/QALY, less than WTP. For the US third-party payer, ICER was $134,232.13/QALY in the first 5 years and $8,843.30/QALY in the 12 years, both less than the WTP threshold ($150,000/QALY).

Conclusion

In the UK and US, anastrozole may be a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women. Moreover, the longer the cycle of the model, the higher the acceptability. The results of this study may provide a scientific reference for decision-making for clinicians, patients, and national medical and health care government departments.
Multicancer screening test based on the detection of circulating non haematological proliferating atypical cells
Authors: Malara Natalia , Coluccio Maria Laura , Grillo Fabiana , Ferrazzo Teresa , Garo Nastassia C. , Donato Giuseppe , Lavecchia Annamaria , Fulciniti Franco , Sapino Anna , Cascardi Eliano , Pellegrini Antonella , Foxi Prassede , Furlanello Cesare , Negri Giovanni , Fadda Guido , Capitanio Arrigo , Pullano Salvatore , Garo Virginia M. , Ferrazzo Francesca , Lowe Alarice , Torsello Angela , Candeloro Patrizio , Gentile Francesco
Published: February 2024

Background

the problem in early diagnosis of sporadic cancer is understanding the individual’s risk to develop disease. In response to this need, global scientific research is focusing on developing predictive models based on non-invasive screening tests. A tentative solution to the problem may be a cancer screening blood-based test able to discover those cell requirements triggering subclinical and clinical onset latency, at the stage when the cell disorder, i.e. atypical epithelial hyperplasia, is still in a subclinical stage of proliferative dysregulation.

Methods

a well-established procedure to identify proliferating circulating tumor cells was deployed to measure the cell proliferation of circulating non-haematological cells which may suggest tumor pathology. Moreover, the data collected were processed by a supervised machine learning model to make the prediction.

Results

the developed test combining circulating non-haematological cell proliferation data and artificial intelligence shows 98.8% of accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 95% specificity.

Conclusion

this proof of concept study demonstrates that integration of innovative non invasive methods and predictive-models can be decisive in assessing the health status of an individual, and achieve cutting-edge results in cancer prevention and management.
Ignored and undervalued in public health: a systematic review of health state utility values associated with syphilis infection
Authors: Miao Patrick , Terris-Prestholt Fern , Fairley Christopher K. , Tucker Joseph D. , Wiseman Virginia , Mayaud Philippe , Zhang Ying , Rowley Jane , Gottlieb Sami , Korenromp Eline L. , Watts Caroline G. , Ong Jason J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection causing significant global morbidity and mortality. To inform policymaking and economic evaluation studies for syphilis, we summarised utility and disability weights for health states associated with syphilis.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review, searching six databases for economic evaluations and primary valuation studies related to syphilis from January 2000 to February 2022. We extracted health state utility values or disability weights, including identification of how these were derived. The study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021230035).

Findings

Of 3401 studies screened, 22 economic evaluations, two primary studies providing condition-specific measures, and 13 burden of disease studies were included. Fifteen economic evaluations reported outcomes as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and seven reported quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Fourteen of 15 economic evaluations that used DALYS based their values on the original Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 (published in 1996). For the seven QALY-related economic evaluations, the methodology varied between studies, with some studies using assumptions and others creating utility weights or converting them from disability weights.

Interpretation

We found a limited evidence base for the valuation of health states for syphilis, a lack of transparency for the development of existing health state utility values, and inconsistencies in the application of these values to estimate DALYs and QALYs. Further research is required to expand the evidence base so that policymakers can access accurate and well-informed economic evaluations to allocate resources to address syphilis and implement syphilis programs that are cost-effective.