bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Tools for Investigating Electromagnetic Hot Spots in Single‐Molecule Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Willets Katherine A.
Published: June 2013

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is quickly growing as an analytical technique, because it offers both molecular specificity and excellent sensitivity. For select substrates, SERS can even be observed from single molecules, which is the ultimate limit of detection. This review describes recent developments in the field of single‐molecule SERS (SM‐SERS) with a focus on new tools for characterizing SM‐SERS‐active substrates and how they interact with single molecules on their surface. In particular, techniques that combine optical spectroscopy and microscopy with electron microscopy are described, including correlated optical and transmission electron microscopy, correlated super‐resolution imaging and scanning electron microscopy, and correlated optical microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Towards High Conductivity in Anion‐Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Nanwen , Guiver Michael D. , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: June 2013

Quaternized poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene oxide) materials (PPOs) containing clicked 1,2,3‐triazoles were first prepared through CuI‐catalyzed “click chemistry” to improve the anion transport in anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs). Clicked 1,2,3‐triazoles incorporated into AEMs provided more sites to form efficient and continuous hydrogen‐bond networks between the water/hydroxide and the triazole for anion transport. Higher water uptake was observed for these triazole membranes. Thus, the membranes showed an impressive enhancement of the hydroxide diffusion coefficient and, therefore, the anion conductivities. The recorded hydroxide conductivity was 27.8–62 mS cm−1 at 20 °C in water, which was several times higher than that of a typical PPO‐based AEM (TMA‐20) derived from trimethylamine (5 mS cm−1). Even at reduced relative humidity, the clicked membrane showed superior conductivity to a trimethylamine‐based membrane. Moreover, similar alkaline stabilities at 80 °C in 1 M NaOH were observed for the clicked and non‐clicked membranes. The performance of a H2/O2 single cell assembled with a clicked AEM was much improved compared to that of a non‐clicked TMA‐20 membrane. The peak power density achieved for an alkaline fuel cell with the synthesized membrane 1a(20) was 188.7 mW cm−2 at 50 °C. These results indicated that clicked AEM could be a viable strategy for improving the performance of alkaline fuel cells.
Region‐specific epithelial cell dynamics during branching morphogenesis
Authors: Hsu Jeff C. , Koo Hyun , Harunaga Jill S. , Matsumoto Kazue , Doyle Andrew D. , Yamada Kenneth M.
Published: June 2013

Background: Epithelial cells of developing embryonic organs, such as salivary glands, can display substantial motility during branching morphogenesis. Their dynamic movements and molecules involved in their migration are not fully characterized. Results: We generated transgenic mice expressing photo‐convertible KikGR and tracked the movements of individual cells highlighted by red fluorescence in different regions of developing salivary glands. Motility was highest for outer bud epithelial cells adjacent to the basement membrane, lower in inner bud cells, and lowest in duct cells. The highly motile outer cells contacting the basement membrane were pleomorphic, whereas inner cells were rounded. Peripheral cell motility was disrupted by antibodies inhibiting α6+β1 integrins and the nonmuscle myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin. Inner bud cell migration was unaffected by these inhibitors, but their rate of migration was stimulated by inhibiting E‐cadherin. Conclusions: Cell motility in developing salivary glands was highest in cells in contact with the basement membrane. The basement membrane‐associated motility of these outer bud cells depended on integrins and myosin II, but not E‐cadherin. In contrast, motility of inner bud cells was restrained by E‐cadherin. These findings identify the importance of integrin‐dependent basement membrane association for the morphology, tissue organization, and lateral motility of morphogenetic epithelial cells. Developmental Dynamics 242:1066–1077, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of tumor formation and redirected differentiation of glioblastoma cells in a xenotypic embryonic environment
Authors: Joel Mrinal , Sandberg Cecilie J. , Boulland Jean‐Luc , Vik‐Mo Einar O. , Langmoen Iver A. , Glover Joel C.
Published: June 2013

Background: Tissue microenvironment plays key roles in regulating the progression of aggressive tumors. Tumors are uncommon in the early embryo, suggesting that embryonic tissue microenvironments are nonpermissive for tumors. Yet, the effects of embryonic tissue microenvironments on tumor cells have not been extensively studied. We have, therefore, tested the behavior of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells transplanted into a central neural tissue microenvironment in the chicken embryo. Results: GBM cells were cultured as spheres to enrich for GBM stem cells (GSCs) and transduced with GFP for identification. Within the proliferative embryonic neural tissue, GSC‐enriched GBM cells exhibited reduced proliferation and survival, altered gene expression, and formed no tumors, in marked contrast to their aggressive behavior in vitro and tumor formation in other tissue microenvironments including the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo and the brain of adult severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Surviving cells in the spinal neural tube exhibited tumor‐atypical expression profiles of neuron‐, glia‐, stem cell‐, and tumor‐related genes. Conclusions: Embryonic neural tissue provides a poor environment for GBM cell survival and tumor formation, and redirects differentiation toward a more benign phenotype. Understanding the anti‐tumorigenic effects of this embryonic tissue microenvironment could provide opportunities to develop novel therapies for GBM treatment. Developmental Dynamics 242:1078‐1093, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutrient cycling in early coral life stages: Pocillopora damicornis larvae provide their algal symbiont (Symbiodinium) with nitrogen acquired from bacterial associates
Authors: Ceh Janja , Kilburn Matt R. , Cliff John B. , Raina Jean‐Baptiste , van Keulen Mike , Bourne David G.
Published: June 2013

The waters surrounding coral reef ecosystems are generally poor in nutrients, yet their levels of primary production are comparable with those reported from tropical rain forests. One explanation of this paradox is the efficient cycling of nutrients between the coral host, its endosymbiotic alga Symbiodinium and a wide array of microorganisms. Despite their importance for the animals' fitness, the cycling of nutrients in early coral life stages and the initial establishment of partnerships with the microbes involved in these processes has received little scrutiny to date. Nitrogen is an essential but limited nutrient in coral reef ecosystems. In order to assess the early nutrient exchange between bacteria and corals, coral larvae of the species Pocillopora damicornis were incubated with two coral‐associated bacteria (Alteromonas sp., or Vibrio alginolyticus), prelabeled with the stable nitrogen isotope 15N. The incorporation and translocation of nitrogen from Vibrio‐ and Alteromonas bacteria into P. damicornis coral larvae and specifically into the coral‐symbiotic Symbiodinium were detected by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). A significant increase in the amount of enriched 15N (two to threefold compared to natural abundance) was observed in P. damicornis larvae within 8 h of incubation for both bacterial treatments (one‐way ANOVA, F5,53 = 18.03, P = 0.004 for Alteromonas sp. and F5,53 = 18.03, P = 0.0001 for V. alginolyticus). These findings reveal that coral larvae acquire nutrients previously taken up from the environment by bacteria. The additional nitrogen may increase the survival rate and fitness of the developing coral and therefore contribute to the successful maintenance of coral reefs.
Highly Enantioselective Thiolysis of Prochiral Cyclic Anhydrides Catalyzed by Amino Alcohol Bifunctional Organocatalysts and Its Application to the Synthesis of Pregabalin
Authors: Yang Hong‐Jun , Xiong Fang‐Jun , Chen Xiao‐Fei , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: June 2013

Asymmetric thiolysis of prochiral cyclic anhydrides was achieved with our developed chiral sulfonamide and squaramide bifunctional organocatalysts based on amino alcohol scaffolds. The corresponding thioesters were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The usefulness of this methodology was demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of pregabalin.
Practice‐oriented estimation of the seismic demand hazard using ground motions at few intensity levels
Authors: Bradley Brendon A.
Published: June 2013

This paper examines the calculation of the seismic demand hazard in a practice‐oriented manner via the use of seismic response analyses at few intensity levels. The seismic demand hazard is a more robust measure for quantifying seismic performance, when seismic hazard is represented in a probabilistic format, than intensity‐based assessments, which remain prevalent in seismic design codes. It is illustrated that, for a relatively complex bridge–foundation–soil system case study, the seismic demand hazard can be estimated with sufficient accuracy using as little as three intensity measure levels that have exceedance probabilities of 50%, 10% and 2% in 50 years which are already of interest in multi‐objective performance‐based design. Compared with the conventional use of the mean demand from an intensity‐based assessment(s), it is illustrated that, for the same number of seismic response analyses, a practice‐oriented ‘approximate’ seismic demand hazard is a more accurate and precise estimate of the ‘exact’ seismic demand hazard. Direct estimation of the seismic demand hazard also provides information of seismic performance at multiple exceedance rates. Thus, it is advocated that if seismic hazard is considered in a probabilistic format, then seismic performance assessment, and acceptance criteria, should be in terms of the seismic demand hazard and not intensity‐based assessments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Complexity and the Bow in the Eastern Woodlands
Authors: Blitz John H. , Porth Erik S.
Published: June 2013

Bingham and Souza have presented an evolutionary theory that specifies a causal relationship between the advent of powerful projectile weapons such as the bow and radical rearrangements in social relations and histories. They propose that the acquisition of weapons that permitted humans to kill at ever‐increasing distances provided the coercive means to suppress conflicts of interest among nonkin, self‐interested individuals in social groups, thus paving the way for greater social complexity. An unprecedented reduction in projectile point size identifies the arrival of the bow ca. A.D. 300 in the Eastern Woodlands of North America, which initiated a causal chain of cultural changes. In the Midwest, the bow, combined with food production, precipitated the decline of Hopewell by conferring household autonomy and dispersal, which at first suppressed social complexity, but later created conditions favorable to maize intensification. In the lower Southeast, where food production was unimportant, populations aggregated at concentrated wild‐food sources, and the bow did not confer household autonomy. The relationship between the bow and social complexity varied under different environmental, social, and historical conditions.
Sedentism, Social Change, Warfare, and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest
Authors: Reed Paul F. , Geib Phil R.
Published: June 2013

In the ancient American Southwest, use of the bow developed relatively rapidly among Pueblo people by the fifth century AD. This new technology replaced the millennia‐old atlatl and dart weaponry system. Roughly 150 years later in the AD 600s, Pueblo socioeconomic organization began to evolve rapidly, as many groups adopted a much more sedentary life. Multiple factors converged to allow this sedentary pattern to emerge, but the role of the bow in this process has not been fully explored. In this paper, we trace the development of the bow and discuss its role as sedentism emerged and social changes occurred in ancient Puebloan society from the fifth through seventh centuries AD.
Genetic instability of the tumor suppressor gene FHIT in normal human cells
Authors: Palumbo Elisa , Tosoni Elena , Matricardi Laura , Russo Antonella
Published: June 2013

Common fragile sites are hotspots for chromosome instability and co‐localize to cancer genomic rearrangements. Whether these loci may be considered stable in human subjects under physiological conditions remains an open question. Here we show by molecular combing that a small but significant percentage of normal human cells carry an abnormal sequence pattern within the tumor suppressor gene FHIT (3p14.2) at FRA3B. Each sequence variation represents a unique pattern within a normal cell population, and therefore it would remain undetected or not interpreted by genome‐wide analyses. Remarkably, the region is the same as in FHIT rearrangements described in tumors. By analyses on several normal cell lines (proliferating and resting primary lymphocytes, primary fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid cells including clonal cell cultures) we verified that: (a) each cell type displays altered sequence patterns at FHIT; (b) the presence of abnormal sequence patterns is specific for the FHIT locus; and (c) FHIT instability occurs de novo during cell proliferation, and heterogeneous sequence variants progressively accumulate in the cell populations. FHIT has been widely investigated in cancer cells, but to our knowledge this is the first direct evidence of spontaneous and recurrent occurrence of genomic instability at this gene in human subjects, at the same region involved in cancer rearrangements. Our results suggest that common fragile site activity is not restricted to in vitro cell culture and that genomic instability may pre‐exist in normal cells in the absence of exogenous replication stress. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PRICING DISTORTIONS IN MEDICARE'S PHYSICIAN FEE SCHEDULE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH CARE QUALITY AND ACCESS
Authors: Brunt Christopher S. , Jensen Gail A.
Published: June 2013

Medicare adjusts its payments to physicians for geographic differences in the cost of operating a medical practice, but the method it uses is imprecise. We measure the inaccuracy in its geographic adjustment factors and categorize beneficiaries by whether they live where Medicare's formula is favorable or unfavorable to physicians. Then, using the 2001–2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we examine whether differences in physician payment generosity, that is, whether favorable or unfavorable, influence the satisfaction ratings Medicare seniors assign to their quality of care and access to services. We find strong evidence that they do. Many beneficiaries live in payment‐unfavorable areas and receive a less satisfying quality of care and less satisfying access to services than beneficiaries who live where payments are favorable to physicians. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DID REFORM OF THE NON‐GROUP HEALTH INSURANCE MARKET AFFECT THE DECISION TO BE SELF‐EMPLOYED? EVIDENCE FROM STATE REFORMS IN THE 1990s
Authors: Heim Bradley T. , Lurie Ithai Z.
Published: June 2013

This paper estimates whether state‐level implementation of community rating and guaranteed issue regulations in the non‐group health insurance market during the 1990s affected the decision of taxpayers to be self‐employed. Using a panel of tax returns that span 1987–2000, we find no statistically significant effect of the reforms on the propensity to be self‐employed overall, although we find evidence of an increase in self‐employment among older taxpayers and weaker evidence of decreases among younger cohorts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensive care unit versus non–intensive care unit postoperative management of head and neck free flaps: Comparative effectiveness and cost comparisons
Authors: Arshad Hassan , Ozer Hatice Gulcin , Thatcher Aaron , Old Matthew , Ozer Enver , Agarwal Amit , Jafari Hosseinali , Birkheimer Danette , Basinger Heidi , Forest L. Arrick , Schuller David E. , Teknos Theodoros N.
Published: June 2013

Background

Despite its widespread use, there is no consensus on the postoperative management in patients undergoing free flap reconstructions. We report the largest study comparing flap outcomes, morbidity, and cost in patients with head and neck cancer free flaps who recovered in the intensive care unit (ICU) versus a “specialty floor” setting.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients undergoing free flap surgery for head and neck defects over a 4‐year period. Patients before a certain date went to the ICU for immediate postoperative care and after to a non‐ICU setting. Postoperative medical and surgical complications and hospital charges were analyzed.

Results

Patients in the ICU group had a longer length of stay (LOS) and incurred greater hospital costs than the patients in the non‐ICU setting. There was no difference in the flap failure rate between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

Consideration should be given to a floor‐based postoperative management regimen for this patient population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 536–539, 2014
Long‐term functional and survival outcomes after induction chemotherapy and risk‐based definitive therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Lewin Jan S. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Steinhaus Ganene , Lisec Asher , Barringer Denise A. , Lin Heather Y. , Villalobos Sandra , Garden Adam S. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vali , Kies Merrill S.
Published: June 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate long‐term outcomes after induction chemotherapy followed by “risk‐based” local therapy for locally‐advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Methods

Forty‐seven patients (stage IV; ≥N2b) were enrolled in a phase II trial. Baseline and 24‐month functional measures included modified barium swallow (MBS) studies, oropharyngeal swallow efficiency (OPSE), and the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Functional status was assessed at 5 years.

Results

Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81% to 99%). A nonsignificant 13% average reduction in swallowing efficiency (OPSE) was observed at 24 months relative to baseline (p = .191). MDADI scores approximated baseline at 24 months. Among 42 long‐term survivors (median, 5.9 years), 3 patients (7.1%) had chronic dysphagia. The rate of final gastrostomy dependence was 4.8% (2 of 42).

Conclusion

Sequential chemoradiotherapy achieved favorable outcomes among patients with locally advanced SCCHN, mainly of oropharyngeal origin. MBS and MDADI scores found modest swallowing deterioration at 2 years, and chronic aspiration was uncommon in long‐term survivors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 474–480, 2014
Neogenin1 is a sonic hedgehog target in medulloblastoma and is necessary for cell cycle progression
Authors: Milla Luis A. , Arros Andrea , Espinoza Natalie , Remke Marc , Kool Marcel , Taylor Michael D. , Pfister Stefan M. , Wainwright Brandon J. , Palma Verónica
Published: June 2013

The canonical Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)/Gli pathway plays multiples roles during central nervous system (CNS) development. To elucidate the molecular repertoire of Shh mediators, we have recently described novel transcriptional targets in response to Shh pathway modulation. Among them, we were able to identify Neogenin1 (Neo1), a death dependence receptor, as a new direct Shh downstream regulator in neural precursor proliferation. As appropriate Shh signaling is required for cerebellar growth and alterations cause Shh‐driven medulloblastoma (MB), here we have addressed the role of the Shh/Neogenin1 interaction in the context of cerebellar development and cancer. We demonstrate that the Shh pathway regulates Neogenin1 expression in mouse models that recapitulate the Shh MB subtype. We show that the canonical Shh pathway directly regulates the Neo1 gene acting through an upstream sequence in its promoter both in vitro and in vivo in granule neuron precursor cells. We also identified and characterized a functional Gli‐binding site in the first intron of the human NEO1 gene. Gene expression profiling of more than 300 MB shows that NEO1 is indeed upregulated in SHH tumors compared to the other MB subgroups. Finally, we provide evidence that NEO1 is necessary for cell cycle progression in a human MB cell line, because a loss of function of NEO1 arrests cells in the G2/M phase. Taken together, these results highlight Neogenin1 as a novel downstream effector of the Shh pathway in MB and a possible therapeutic target.
Using the PICCOLO with Parents of Children with a Disability
Authors: Innocenti Mark S. , Roggman Lori A. , Cook Gina A.
Published: June 2013

All children benefit from positive parenting behaviors that support early child development. For a parent of a child with a disability, the child's characteristics and possible limitations can make positive parenting behaviors challenging, and yet, these interactions need to be a focus of early intervention to promote optimal family and child development. Family‐centered practice, which includes strengthening parenting skills, has been advocated by the early intervention field. Although early intervention programs realize the importance of supporting parent–child interaction as part of family‐centered practice, it has not been an emphasis of most early intervention programs. The lack of easy‐to‐use, psychometrically strong parenting measures is an issue in early intervention. The Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) provides a practical observation measure of parenting with young children. We tested the reliability and validity of this measure with parents of children with an identified disability. Early parenting behaviors predicted cognitive and language outcomes for children with an identified disability up to 9 years after the first assessment. The PICCOLO demonstrated strong reliability and both construct and predictive validity, and shows promise as a useful measure for practitioners working with parents who have a child with a disability.
Adolescent Violence: A Systemic and Feminist Perspective
Authors: Downey Laurel
Published: June 2013

In writing this paper I want to locate adolescent violence toward family members firmly within the spectrum of family violence, including spouse abuse, child abuse, and elder abuse. To call violence of this sort ‘challenging behaviour’, or to see it as ‘delinquency’ is to locate it outside this spectrum, where it is less subject to scrutiny from a systemic and feminist perspective. This paper looks at the relevant literature on adolescent violence, and attempts to develop family therapy theory in this difficult area. It is a companion piece to Marni Sheehan's more practice‐focused paper in this issue.
Circular Questioning: An Introductory Guide
Authors: Brown Jac
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a simplified model that has been found to be useful for those learning questioning skills within the Milan systemic approach to family therapy as well as for those who simply wish to develop some skills in circular interviewing. The model begins with the premise that clients frequently describe a problem in terms that are either too broad or too narrow. The model has two categories of questions: those that draw connections and thus broaden a client's understanding of their context and those that draw distinctions and thus narrow a client's focus where generalisations predominate. The model is presented within the context of other models of Milan systemic questioning and the contributions they have made.
Therapy with Remarried Couples—A Multitheoretical Perspective
Authors: Elliott Robyn
Published: June 2013

Work with remarried couples is often difficult and complex. The first part of this essay provides a comprehensive discussion of the many issues faced by remarried couples under the headings of: emotional consequences of separation, the presence of children in the new relationship, finances, lack of guidelines and models, complexity of structure, and women in stepfamilies. The second part addresses therapy, by first tracing the past contributions to the field by structural, psychodynamic and cognitive models and then moving on to speculate about the offerings of Adult Attachment Theory, Trauma Theory, Narrative Therapy and Feminist Theory. Consistent with the awareness fostered by feminism the essay attempts to create a respectful dialogue between these models with the hope of gaining value from all while elevating none. The discussion is illustrated by a case example.
Psychoanalysis: A Traveller's Guide for Family Therapists
Authors: Grimwade Jolyon
Published: June 2013

ROLL UP, ROLL UP! AirFreud is pleased to announce a special and spectacular Around‐The‐World Package for Down Under Family Therapists. Psychoanalytic ideas are being rediscovered in your field and you may like to encounter these first hand, in the places and spaces where the ideas arose. Visit first Vienna, the city of Freud's love‐hate and his adopted home: see Freud's apartment, in a fashionable Viennese suburb, home now to the Sigmund Freud Museum. Then on to Paris, La Rive Gauche and the Sorbonne. Hear the echo of Jacques Lacan's Seminar resound along the famous boulevardes. Experience the stirrings of 1968. Then to London and feel the tension that still exists between the Anna Freud Clinic and the Tavistock, just as in the days of Miss Freud and Mrs Klein. Then whisk across the Atlantic to New York and then on to Los Angeles. Follow the footsteps of the psychoanalytic diaspora from Hitler's Germany to the security and comfort of forward‐looking middle‐class America. Along the way friendly tour guides will provide you with plenty of information. In the Handy Travel Pack, there are useful summaries of major theoretical writings, a map, and a splendid bound journal is included for your own notes and observations. No prior knowledge is assumed; take an open mind and enjoy the journey.
Architecture: A Template For Generating Design And Construction Possibilities For Therapy
Authors: Dean Geoff
Published: June 2013

The architectural processes of design and construction can be adapted to the design and construct of human solutions. Architecture provides a generative metaphor for therapy as well as a coherent and comprehensive conceptualisation for developing an integrated therapeutic eclecticism. The notion of ‘therapy as architecture’ is general enough to encompass all models of therapy. However, the paper confines its application of the architectural metaphor to the field of family therapy, and in particular to the briefer approaches to family therapy. Also, the paper demonstrates the utility of this architectural template for providing specific guidance on how to design and construct a therapeutic form in keeping with the client's brief and context. A case vignette illustrates how an architectural therapy works.
‘Why Were You Drawn to Each Other?’— Some Implications of the Couple Bond for Couple Therapy
Authors: Contos Anastasia
Published: June 2013

Some themes in couple therapy are explored by introducing a case study of a couple in distress. The question, ‘Why were you drawn to each other?’ helps to unravel the relationship story, its dynamics and difficulties. Attachment theory as developed by John Bowlby is propounded as a useful model in understanding couple relationships. The importance of exploring family‐of‐origin attachments is reiterated, as well as helping each spouse to change in themselves rather than to blame their partner for their difficulties, with the ultimate aim being the enhancement of the relationship.
Blue Suede Shoes: The Therapist's Presence
Authors: Webster Michelle
Published: June 2013

Therapy that prioritises feelings focuses on the development and maintenance of emotional relationships. I want to reflect on how the therapist's emotional involvement is developed and maintained in therapy that focuses on feelings.
Counselling a Couple with a Gambling Problem
Authors: Hawkes Ray
Published: June 2013

This paper discusses work with a couple where a gambling addiction was present. General principles of change are discussed, and the stages of treatment outlined.
Family Assessment and Intervention Using an Interactive Art Exercise
Authors: Kozlowska Kasia , Hanney Lesley
Published: June 2013

The authors have developed a family‐centered interactive art exercise from a synthesis of clinical tools used by attachment theory and family art therapists. The exercise aims to facilitate assessment and treatment of families with younger children (two to eight years) at a tertiary referral child and family psychiatric facility, by observing how a family collectively as well as individually sets about planning and completing an art task. Art exercises allow for both verbal and non‐verbal communication. The exercises are deliberately kept simple in order to span a range of developmental abilities, and allow the therapist/s to observe from behind a one‐way screen, so as to be less intrusive in the family dynamics. Although developed for assessment with a specific population, the exercise is likely to be useful in other clinical situations and has been used as a treatment tool by the authors.
Bowen Family Systems Theory and Practice: Illustration and Critique
Authors: Brown Jenny
Published: June 2013

This paper will give an overview of Murray Bowen's theory of family systems. It will describe the model's development and outline its core clinical components. The practice of therapy will be described as well as recent developments within the model. Some key criticisms will be raised, followed by a case example which highlights the therapeutic focus of Bowen's approach.
Beyond The Father Wound: Memory‐Work And The Deconstruction Of The Father–son Relationship
Authors: Pease Bob
Published: June 2013

This article examines how profeminist men in a collaborative inquiry group used memory‐work to make sense of their experiences of discontent with their fathers. It challenges the current conceptualisation of this dissatisfaction with fathers as ‘the father wound’ and the emphasis on encouraging men to forgive their fathers unilaterally for what they have done. The article also challenges the view that boys need to identify with their fathers to establish their gender identity and suggests that sons can construct their masculine subjectivity through dis‐identification with patriarchal fathers and through empathy with the experiences of their mothers.
Reconnecting Past, Present and Future Lives: Therapy with a Young Person who Experienced Severe Childhood Privation
Authors: Meech Carole , Wood Andrew
Published: June 2013

This case study describes therapy over a three year period with a young adopted person who presented as highly suicidal, with a childhood background characterised by severe privation and abuse. The paper describes the use of a visual Life line, designed to assist the young person in reconnecting and honouring different parts of her life. A flexible and client centred therapeutic approach is also described.
Dialogues of Diversity in Therapy: A Virtual Symposium
Authors: Flaskas Carmel , Stagoll Brian , Larner Glenn , Hart Bruce , Doan Robert , Weingarten Kathy , Loth Wolfgang , Hayward Mark , Pocock David
Published: June 2013

Therapists from Australia, New Zealand, the US, Germany and the UK discuss the relationship between systemic and narrative therapy.
Rights To Health—Or Medicine: The Health Promotion Perspective
Authors: Galbally Rhonda
Published: June 2013

The right to perfect health—something that in its fullest sense is unattainable—and the right to pursue it can distract us from achievable goals that take into account the inevitability of disability and death and the necessity of providing people with the capacities and rights that will enable each person to cope with their own imperfections.
Symptoms of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Moderate Suicidal Behaviors in College Students With Depressed Mood
Authors: Patros Connor H. G. , Hudec Kristen L. , Alderson R. Matt , Kasper Lisa J. , Davidson Collin , Wingate LaRicka R.
Published: June 2013

Objective

College students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder‐related hyperactive/impulsive (HI) and/or inattentive (IA) symptoms may be at greater risk for suicidal behavior due to core and secondary symptoms that increase their potential to engage in behaviors that put them at risk for suicidal behavior. Consequently, the current study examined the moderating effect of combined HI/IA symptoms, in addition to independent HI and IA symptoms on the relationship between depressed mood and suicidal thoughts and behavior.

Method

A sample of 1,056 undergraduate students (61.5% female, 96.4% aged 18–24 years) provided self‐report ratings of mood, suicidal behavior (thoughts, self‐harm, attempts, and need for medical attention), and current HI/IA symptoms.

Results

Significant moderation effects were detected, such that greater HI/IA symptoms were associated with a stronger relationship between depressed mood and suicidal ideation and attempts, but not self‐harm. Current HI and IA symptoms significantly moderated the relationship between depressed mood and suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, but did not moderate the relationship between depressed mood and self‐harm and need for medical attention.

Conclusions

The current findings suggest that the presence of combined HI/IA symptoms conveys increased suicide risk for depressed college students. Additionally, results suggest a complex relationship between independent HI and IA symptoms and severe suicidal outcomes.
A Qualitative Description of Female Veterans’ Deployment‐Related Experiences and Potential Suicide Risk Factors
Authors: Gutierrez Peter M. , Brenner Lisa A. , Rings Jeffrey A. , Devore Maria D. , Kelly Patricia J. , Staves Pamela J. , Kelly Caroline M. , Kaplan Mark S.
Published: June 2013

Objective

A qualitative study among female Veterans from recent conflicts was conducted to explore the women's experiences and potential suicide risk factors according to the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, including burdensomeness, failed belongingness, and acquired ability.

Methods

The presented paper is an extension of published work by Brenner et al. (2008) regarding mostly male combat Veterans. The methodology employed was qualitative descriptive with hermeneutic hues (Sandelowski, 2000). Interviews were conducted with 19 women, aged 24–52 years, all of whom had been deployed to combat zones in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.

Results

Transcripts were reviewed and themes emerged regarding women being a minority within their environment and deployment‐related stressors. These experiences seemed to influence participants’ views of the world and ways of coping.

Conclusions

Among the interviewed female Veterans, preliminary support was provided for Joiner's concepts. Therapeutic strategies for applying themes to clinical practice (e.g., peer support, family therapy, interventions aimed at increasing distress tolerance) are provided.
The Sisters of Mindfulness
Authors: Rosenzweig Debra
Published: June 2013

This article introduces the issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session entitled “Beyond Meditation: Mindfulness‐Related Clinical Practices.” In the article, I describe how the “sisters of mindfulness”–forgiveness, gratitude, loving‐kindness, compassion, acceptance, and best‐self visualization–are each interconnected and important forms of mindfulness as well as tenets of Buddhist psychology. Each of these practices reflect mental strengths that are being integrated into the brain's neuroplastic development as a function of modern day psychotherapy.
Generation of periodic signatures at Saturn through Titan's interaction with the centrifugal interchange instability
Authors: Winglee R. M. , Kidder A. , Harnett E. , Ifland N. , Paty C. , Snowden D.
Published: June 2013

The origin of the periodicities in the radio, plasma, and magnetic fields of Saturn has long been debated. Given the high degree of alignment of Saturn's dipole with its rotation axis, no strong rotational periodicities are expected. However, Cassini data demonstrated the existence of such periodicities not only in Saturn's kilometric radio emissions (SKR) but in the plasma and magnetic field signatures. It is shown that the development of the centrifugal interchange instability that originates from mass loading from the Enceladus torus contains information about the planetary rotation period. However, the planetary period is masked by high‐frequency components of the instability. The presence of Titan is shown to damp the high‐frequency components and enables the fundamental frequency near the planetary rotation frequency to grow at the expense of the high‐frequency components. As a result, the interchange instability is seen to change from one where five to seven large interchange fingers dominate to one where there are about three which cause the modulation of magnetospheric parameters near the planetary period. This modulation includes the movement of the magnetopause, the injection of energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere and the plasma density at high latitudes, both of which control SKR. Controlling factors on the frequency include Titan's drag on the plasma sheet which produces asymmetries between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, solar wind conditions, and the density of the Enceladus plasma torus. The resultant magnetic perturbations are shown to have similar size and frequency as that seen in Cassini data.
Mesospheric wind disturbances due to gravity waves near the Antarctica Peninsula
Authors: Wu Qian , Chen Zeyu , Mitchell Nick , Fritts D. , Iimura H.
Published: June 2013

Based on austral winter mesospheric wind observations from three closely deployed Antarctic Peninsula stations (King George Island, Palmer, and Rothera), mesospheric wind disturbances induced by gravity waves are examined. The mesospheric winds to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula below 88 km were affected by gravity waves, while the winds on the east side of the peninsula were unperturbed. The gravity waves are most likely generated by orographic features of the peninsula. Because the strong westerly stratospheric wind filtered out all eastward propagating waves, only westward propagating waves can reach the mesosphere on the west side of the peninsula. This data set shows the strong gravity wave effect on small scales. Hence, the mesospheric wind data at one station may not be representative of the region for global waves like tides. Small local features can greatly affect the mesospheric winds and may impact the interpretation of global waves. High‐density deployment of mesospheric wind instruments may be needed in some cases.
Implications for Arctic amplification of changes in the strength of the water vapor feedback
Authors: Ghatak Debjani , Miller James
Published: June 2013

One of the major climatic changes apparent over the Arctic Ocean has been the amplified rate at which air temperature has been increasing relative to the global mean. There are multiple factors which play roles in this amplification, including changes in sea ice/albedo, atmospheric circulation, clouds, and water vapor. We investigate the positive feedback on temperature caused by increasing downward longwave radiation flux (DLF) associated with increasing atmospheric precipitable water (PW). The Japanese 25‐year Reanalysis and ERA‐Interim reanalysis are used to examine the role of the DLF/PW component of the water vapor feedback loop on the enhanced warming in the Arctic between 1979 and 2011. We find a nonlinear relationship between DLF and PW, which suggests that the sensitivity of DLF to changes in PW varies by season, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The positive trends in DLF and PW are widespread over the Arctic during autumn and spring but are centered mainly over the Atlantic sector in winter. The strength of the PW feedback loop depends on both the sensitivity of DLF to changes in PW and the change in PW during 1979–2011. If, in the future, PW were to increase significantly during winter in the central and Pacific sectors of the Arctic, there could be an expansion of Arctic amplification during winter. We also examine the effect of changes in cloud cover and find that such changes account for a much smaller proportion of the changes in DLF than does PW.
From CloudSat‐CALIPSO to EarthCare: Evolution of the DARDAR cloud classification and its comparison to airborne radar‐lidar observations
Authors: Ceccaldi M. , Delanoë J. , Hogan R. J. , Pounder N. L. , Protat A. , Pelon J.
Published: June 2013

This paper presents the implementation of a new version of the DARDAR (radar lidar) classification derived from CloudSat and CALIPSO data. The resulting target classification called DARDAR v2 is compared to the first version called DARDAR v1. Overall DARDAR v1 reports more cloud or rain pixels than DARDAR v2. In the low troposphere this is because v1 detects too many liquid cloud pixels, and in the higher troposphere this is because v2 is more restrictive in lidar detection than v1. Nevertheless, the spatial distribution of different types of hydrometeors show similar patterns in both classifications. The French airborne Radar‐Lidar (RALI) platform carries a CloudSat/CALIPSO instrument configuration (lidar at a wavelength of 532nm and a 95GHz cloud radar) as well as an EarthCare instrument configuration (high spectral resolution lidar at 355nm and a 95GHz Doppler cloud radar). It therefore represents an ideal go‐between for A‐Train and EarthCare. The DARDAR v2 classification algorithm is adapted to RALI data for A‐Train overpasses during dedicated airborne field experiments using the lidar at 532nm and the radar Doppler measurements. The results from the RALI classification are compared with the DARDAR v2 classification to identify where the classification should still be interpreted with caution. Finally, the RALI classification algorithm with lidar at 532nm is adapted to RALI with high spectral resolution lidar data at 355nm in preparation for EarthCare.
A novel no‐carrier‐added submicromolar scale radiosynthesis of [S‐methyl‐14C]‐florfenicol
Authors: Srinivas G. , Prabhakar G. , Unny V. K. P. , Sudhakar K. , Mukkanti K. , Choudary B. M.
Published: June 2013

In this paper is reported a novel reaction scheme for the no‐carrier‐added submicromolar scale radiosynthesis of [S‐methyl‐14C]‐florfenicol that has been newly designed, developed and employed by us successfully. The [14C]‐product was obtained in an overall radiochemical yield of 30% based on [14C]‐methyl iodide taken for the reaction with a radiochemical purity of more than 96%. The specific activity of the product was ~50 mCi (1.85 GBq)/mmol. Chlorosulfonation of compound I was followed by sodium salt formationin situand it was succeeded by the introduction of [14C]‐methyl group by coupling with [14C]‐CH3I. Subsequently, the oxazolidin‐2‐one protecting group was opened up by a reaction with sulfuric acid in dioxane and later, the amino group was dichloroacetylated with methyl‐2,2‐dichloroacetate in triethylamine to obtain [S‐methyl‐14C]‐florfenicol.
Genotypic diversity of polyomaviruses circulating among kidney transplant recipients in Kuwait
Authors: Chehadeh Wassim , Nampoory Mangalathillam Raman
Published: June 2013

BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) are human polyomaviruses that cause asymptomatic latent infections. Under immunosuppression, BKV‐associated nephropathy has been documented in Kuwait and elsewhere. Even though different BKV and JCV genotypes with distinct geographical distribution have been described, the genotype of polyomavirus detected in Kuwait is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of BKV and JCV detected in renal transplant recipients. The detection of polyomavirus DNA was carried out in serum and urine samples of 200 post‐transplant recipients during a 1‐year follow‐up period. Fifty‐one (25.5%) post‐transplant recipients were tested positive for polyomavirus DNA by semi‐nested PCR. JCV DNA could be detected in 29 (57%) patients, and BKV DNA in 22 (43%) patients. In two renal transplant recipients, both BKV and JCV were detected. According to the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of polyomavirus VP1 sequences, the majority of detected BKV sequences were most closely related to genotypes I and IV, whereas the majority of JCV sequences were most closely related to genotype 3. Polyomavirus VP1 sequences showed strong stability for up to 12 months in most patients; however, in one patient, an amino acid substitution in the BKV VP1 protein was identified over time. The results suggest a close relationship of BKV sequences with the Asian and European strains, and of JCV sequences with the African strains. Long follow‐up studies are needed to investigate the association of polyomavirus polymorphism or genotypic shift with the development of nephropathy. J. Med. Virol. 85:1624–1631, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of trends and multivariate frequency analysis of droughts in three meteorological subdivisions of western India
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Reddy M. Janga
Published: June 2013

This article presents evaluation of trends and multivariate frequency analysis of droughts in three meteorological subdivisions of western India, namely, western Rajasthan, Saurashtra and Kutch and Marathwada regions. These regions are frequently affected by droughts and there is an urgent need for effective planning and management of droughts. Meteorological drought is modelled using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at a time scale of 6 months over 110 years during 1896–2005. Trends in SPI time series are investigated by using nonparametric Mann–Kendall trend test for different time windows: entire study period of 1896–2005 and then splitting into three time windows of 1896–1931, 1932–1966 and 1967–2005. For total study period, the long‐term trend in SPI time series is found to be in an upward direction for the three regions. However, statistically significant downward trend is observed during 1932–1966 for western Rajasthan region, and Saurashtra and Kutch region in the month of June, indicating increase in number of drought occurrences during this period. Further, drought is a multivariate natural calamity characterizing severity, duration and peak; hence, probabilistic assessment of drought characteristics is investigated using copula method. The joint distribution of drought properties is modelled using three fully nested forms of Archimedean copulas: Clayton, Gumbel–Hougaard and Frank and one elliptical class of Student's t copula. On performing various statistical tests as well as upper tail dependence test it is found that Student's t copula better represents trivariate drought properties when compared with other copula families. The joint distribution obtained from the copula is utilized for computation of conditional probabilities and joint return periods. The importance of trivariate frequency analysis of drought is elucidated over univariate and bivariate frequency analysis. Overall, the results of the study could provide valuable insight towards regional drought risk management under changing climate.