bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commodifying Culture In A Frontier Area: The Utilization of Madurese Culture for Developing Tourism in the Eastern Tip of Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Izzah Latifatul , Sulistiyono Singgih Tri , Rochwulaningsih Yety
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to analyze the reasons that the Regent of Bondowoso chose Madurese culture to be a tourist destination for Bondowoso Regency, and the impact of the commodification of Madurese culture on the welfare of the Bondowoso community. The theory of commodification and historical method were used in this study. The primary data were collected through participatory observation, interview, and colonial sources (documentation), while secondary data were collected from various sources which include published works, results of related studies, and related government reports. The population was the Madurese community in Bondowoso Regency. The results of the study had proven that Madurese Culture like Kerapan Sapi and Sapi Sonok (cow’s beauty contest) had been contesting in front of the public since the Dutch colonial period, while Ronteg Singo Ulung, Pojien Dance and Petik Kopi ritual had been used as tourism commodities in Bondowoso Regency since 2017. In this importance, the Regent of Bondowoso chose Madurese culture as a lure for tourists; both domestic and foreign tourists. This action was to improve the welfare of the community, as well as generating revenue for the Regional Government and Village Government.
Diving into Tripadvisor.com: Analysing tourists’ perspectives towards Layang-Layang Island, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Andi Kele Andi Tamsang , Pusiran Arif Kamisan , Janin Yuzainy , Idris Rafiq
Published: July 2021

For countries that are geographically blessed with islands, island tourism is a potential segment that can be exploited, especially in view of the intense competition in attracting tourists to the Southeast Asian region. Layang-Layang Island, Malaysia, which is located in the middle of the South China Sea is a renowned diving destination known for its hammerhead sharks and other pelagic marine life. Despite having hosted tourists (particularly divers) for nearly two decades, Layang-Layang Island is much under-researched. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the tourist experience in Layang-Layang Island by utilising online reviews extracted from the TripAdvisor website. Leximancer software was utilised to analyse the data and generate concepts out of words. Five themes were derived from the data analysis which flight, resort, diving, day and reef. The findings provide insights into the positioning of Layang-Layang Island from the tourists’ perspectives and maybe a useful reference for its future development.
Gravitacija u Boškovića
Authors: Juras Zlatko
Published: July 2021

U Teoriji prirodne filozofije Ruđera Boškovića, dinamika materije opisana je krivuljom sila, privlačnih ili odbojnih – ovisno o udaljenostima centara sila. Na velikim udaljenostima krivulja sila manifestira se slično Newtonovoj gravitaciji. Gravitacija je integrativna za vidljivi svemir, ali ne i za hipotetičko mnoštvo svemira
za koje je moguće da paralelno postoje razdvojeni odbojnom silom, što je usporedivo sa suvremenim konceptom tamne energije. U konceptu kontinuiranih sila u diskontinuiranoj materiji, Faraday prepoznaje ideju
o dinamičkom elektromagnetskom polju, koju je dovršio Maxwell, a kasnije Einstein predviđa postojanje gravitacijskih valova, nedavno i detektiranih (2015. – 2017., project LIGO). Valna priroda materije realnog prostor-vremena nalazi se u Boškovićevu modelu na maloj skali krivulje sila, a atomsko-korpuskularna dinamika klasične mehanike na velikoj skali.
Smrt multikulturalizma i život Mediterana
Authors: Brčić Kuljiš Marita
Published: July 2021

Već se duže vrijeme govori o neuspjehu multikulturalizma. Štoviše, izjave su vodećih europskih političara zapravo potvrdile ono u što se sumnjalo. Kada to postane stav država članica zajednice koja svojim temeljnim dokumentima zagovara ‘jednakost u različitosti’, to postaje zabrinjavajuće. Kao antitezu neuspjehu odnosno smrti multikulturalizma stavljamo život Mediterana, iz više razloga. Prvi je razlog taj što se za Mediteran uvijek konstatira multikulturalnost. Mediteran je po sebi multikulturalan i on je rasadište kulturnog pluralizma u Zapadnoj Europi. Drugi je razlog mediteranska ruta kojom veliki broj imigranata pokušava doći u Europsku uniju, upravo sada kada je ona proglasila neuspjeh multikulturalizma. Odnos između Europske unije i Mediterana povijesno je duboko složen. Duboko povezan i duboko razdvojen. U ovom ćemo se radu dotaknuti samo djelića tog složenog odnosa.
Toma Akvinski o odnosu dobra i zla u stvorenome svijetu
Authors: Herman Duvel Maja , Gavrić Anto
Published: July 2021

Cilj je ovoga rada pokazati da Toma Akvinski problem zla promišlja ne samo kao pitanje zla u njemu samome nego i u puno širem kontekstu Božjeg
stvarateljskog djela i providnosnog upravljanja te na taj način dokazuje da činjenica postojanja zla u svijetu nije održiv argument protiv Božjeg postojanja. Naime, za Tomu Akvinskog zlo nije nešto, nekakvo biće sa svojom biti i naravi, nego je ono lišenost dobra, nedostatak onoga dobra koje je neko biće po naravi dužno imati. Zlo ima dobro za svoj subjekt, objekt i uzrok, a može na koncu imati i dobro kao
svoj učinak. Takva potpuna uronjenost i ovisnost zla o dobru kazuje da je ontološki status zla s jedne strane realan, a s druge strane da nije apsolutan. Zlo ne može postojati od sebe, po sebi i za sebe. Ono je pod svakim vidom podređeno dobru. Takav statuszla postaje još očitiji u Akvinčevu osvrtu na odnos zla i apsolutnog dobra koje je Bog. Bog je onaj koji jest u apsolutnom smislu, a zlo postoji samo u odnosu na dobro
koje je Božje stvorenje. Propadanje stvari je tek posljedica Božjeg stvaranja dobrog svijeta u kojemu postoje bića koja mogu biti deficijentna u dobru, što ona ponekad i jesu. To znači da Bog ne želi zlo, nego ga na neki način dopušta dok sve providnosno upravlja k dobru koje je on sam. Naime, Bog je toliko svemoguć da dopuštajući zlo može ostvariti i veća i brojnija dobra. U djelu Božjega upravljanja svijetom čovjek zauzima posebno mjesto jer je sposoban za osobni odnos s Bogom. No čovjek se slobodnom voljom može i odmetnuti od poretka i pravila koji
ga vodi sjedinjenju s njegovim krajnjim dobrom koje je Bog. Takav čin se naziva moralno zlo krivnje ili grijeh. Toma Akvinski primjer i uzor pobjede dobra nad zlom nalazi u liku pravednog i nevinog Joba koji je, upravo zahvaljujući iskustvu strahovitoga zla, shvatio da Bog beskrajno transcendira ljudsku spoznaju, bitak i moć, te da bi svako pripisivanje zla Bogu bilo ludost, a svako nijekanje Božjega postojanja zbog zla koje
ga je zadesilo bezumlje. Job je shvatio da Božja pravednost i logos vladaju svime i da je konačna pobjeda dobra sigurna.
Exact thermal properties of free-fermionic spin chains
Authors: Białończyk Michał , Gómez-Ruiz Fernando , del Campo Adolfo
Published: July 2021

An exact description of integrable spin chains at finite temperature is provided using an elementary algebraic approach in the complete Hilbert space of the system.
We focus on spin chain models that admit a description in terms of free fermions, including paradigmatic examples such as the one-dimensional transverse-field quantum Ising and XY models. The exact partition function is derived and compared with the ubiquitous approximation in which only the positive parity sector of the energy spectrum is considered. Errors stemming from this approximation are identified in the neighborhood of the critical point at low temperatures. We further provide the full counting statistics of a wide class of observables at thermal equilibrium and characterize in detail the thermal distribution of the kink number and transverse magnetization in the transverse-field quantum Ising chain.
Symmetry meets AI
Authors: Barenboim Gabriela , Hirn Johannes , Sanz Veronica
Published: July 2021

We explore whether Neural Networks (NNs) can discover the presence of symmetries as they learn to perform a task. For this, we train hundreds of NNs on a decoy task based on well-controlled Physics templates, where no information on symmetry is provided. We use the output from the last hidden layer of all these NNs, projected to fewer dimensions, as the input for a symmetry classification task, and show that information on symmetry had indeed been identified by the original NN without guidance. As an interdisciplinary application of this procedure, we identify the presence and level of symmetry in artistic paintings from different styles such as those of Picasso, Pollock and Van Gogh.
The risk of bleeding minimization with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Novikova Т. N.
Published: July 2021

This review is devoted to the safety issues of anticoagulant therapy prescribed for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants are considered worldwide in accordance with the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation as the preferred anticoagulant choice for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. Direct oral anticoagulants in comparison with vitamin K antagonists generally have similar efficacy, but different safety profiles, primarily, this concerns the risk of large extracranial and, primarily, gastrointestinal hemorrhages. To minimize the risk of bleeding during therapy with direct oral anticoagulants, an individual approach to the choice of the drug for each individual patient is required after assessing the risk of bleeding, searching for a potential bleeding substrate, correcting existing risk factors and eliminating, if possible, the substrate. When choosing an anticoagulant therapy, special attention should be paid to the most vulnerable categories of patients, such as patients of older age groups and patients with concomitant chronic kidney disease. Among the direct oral anticoagulants registered in the Russian Federation, according to meta-analyzes of key randomized clinical trials and real clinical trials, apixaban has the most optimal benefit: risk ratio in a wide range of patients, including vulnerable populations. Dynamic observation, including regular assessment of renal function, control of clinical blood analysis, erythrocyte and platelet levels, after prescribing an individually selected anticoagulant to the patient, ensures the maximum safety of therapy. Small, so-called, annoying bleeding is not a reason for canceling the anticoagulant, but requires a careful search for the causes of bleeding and their correction.
EFEITOS DA NEUROMODULAÇÃO NA FADIGA DE INDIVÍDUOS COM ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Araújo Gilvane de Lima , De Oliveira Maria Beatriz Ribeiro , Marinho Matheus Falcão Santos , Torro Nelson , De Melo Géssika Araújo
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é caracterizada por neurodegeneração no sistema nervoso central. Dentre os sintomas mais prevalentes está a fadiga, na qual a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) tem mostrado resultados promissores na sua redução. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se analisar o estado da arte sobre a eficácia da aplicação da ETCC para melhora da fadiga em indivíduos com EM. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, nos meses de junho e julho de 2020. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados da PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Cochrane e Science Direct, com os descritores: "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation” AND “Multiple Sclerosis”. Foram incluídos estudos com adultos, que abordaram os efeitos da ETCC nos sintomas de fadiga como desfecho primário ou secundário. Observou-se que a estimulação mostrou melhores resultados para a fadiga na EM quando aplicada sobre o córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo, com intensidade entre 1,5 mA e 2,0 mA, durante dias consecutivos, em número maior que cinco sessões. A ETCC pode ser considerada um recurso terapêutico que promove benefícios consideráveis no tratamento da fadiga em pessoas com EM, refletindo em melhora da qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. A aplicação da ETCC supervisionada remotamente pode ser uma alternativa para potencializar os resultados.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE MOBILIDADE DIAFRAGMÁTICA COM VARIÁVEIS CLÍNICAS E FUNCIONAIS EM PACIENTES COM DPOC
Authors: Brancher Elizabeth do Canto , Steidl Eduardo Matias dos Santos , Dos Santos Tamires Daros , Carvalho Maurício Tatsch Ximenes , Jesus Paulo Roberto Oliveira de , Pasqualoto Adriane Schmidt , Albuquerque Isabella Martins de , Mancopes Renata
Published: July 2021

Avaliar se há relação entre a mobilidade diafragmática com o tempo de trânsito oral e faríngeo, pontuação do índice preditor de mortalidade Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise capacity (BODE), dispneia e o estado de saúde em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Estudo transversal com avaliação dos seguintes desfechos: mobilidade diafragmática (ultrassonografia), tempo de trânsito oral e faríngeo (videofluoroscopia), preditor de mortalidade (pontuação no índice BODE), dispneia (escala do Medical Research Council modificada - mMRC) e estado de saúde (COPD Assessment Test). Participaram do estudo 19 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DPOC estágios II e III da GOLD (65,95±7,9 anos; 11 homens; VEF1 47,76±21,91% predito). Houve correlação negativa e forte entre a mobilidade diafragmática e o índice BODE (r=-0,822; p<0,0001), correlação negativa e moderada com o tempo de trânsito faríngeo na consistência líquida (r=-0,508; p=0,02) e correlação negativa e moderada com a dispneia (r=-0,527; p=0,02). Na análise multivariada, a mobilidade diafragmática foi associada negativamente com o índice BODE (β=-5,21; p<0,001; IC 95% -7,28 a -3,15) e com o tempo de trânsito oral e faríngeo na consistência líquida (β=-13,65; p<0,08; IC 95% -29,16 a 1,86). Não houve correlação entre a mobilidade diafragmática com o tempo de trânsito oral (consistência líquida e pastosa), com o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (consistência pastosa) e com o escore do CAT. Sugere-se que em pacientes com DPOC a mobilidade diafragmática está associada com o índice BODE, tempo de trânsito faríngeo na consistência líquida e dispneia.
Análise da Competitividade das Exportações de Minérios de Ferro Não Aglomerados e Aglomerados e seus Concentrados no Brasil: 2004 a 2018
Authors: Lucena Manoel Alexandre de , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo se propõe avaliar o desempenho exportador de minérios do segmento de ferro não aglomerados e aglomerados e seus concentrados no Brasil e identificar as fontes de crescimento das exportações brasileiras desses produtos no período de 2004 a 2018. Para tal, utilizaram-se os índices de vantagem comparativa revelada, vantagem comparativa revelada simétrica, vantagem comparativa revelada de Vollrath e o modelo Constant-Market-Share, considerando neste último três subperíodos: 2004-2008; 2009-2013; e 2014-2018. Os resultados indicam que os estados de Minas Gerais e Pará apresentaram vantagem comparativa em relação ao Brasil para minérios de ferro no segmento não aglomerados em todo o período analisado. Quanto aos minérios de ferro aglomerados, verifica-se a presença de vantagem comparativa do estado do Espírito Santo em relação ao Brasil, porém não ocorre o mesmo para o estado de Minas Gerais. Em relação às fontes de crescimento, constata-se que o efeito crescimento do comércio mundial afetou negativamente as exportações de minérios ferrosos no terceiro subperíodo em relação ao segundo. Por seu turno, o efeito destino das exportações foi o que mais contribuiu quando comparado o terceiro subperíodo com o segundo, em ambos os segmentos, assim como o efeito competitividade, que apesar de baixo, mostrou-se positivo nos dois subperíodos para as commodities analisadas.
Method for finding a solution to a linear nonstationary interval ОDЕ system
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Fominyh Аlexander V. ,   Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

The article analyses a linear nonstationary interval system of ordinary differential equations so that the elements of the matrix of the system are the intervals with the known lower and upper bounds. The system is defined on the known finite time interval. It is required to construct a trajectory, which brings this system from the given initial position to the given final state. The original problem is reduced to finding a solution of the differential inclusion of a special form with the fixed right endpoint. With the help of support functions, this problem is reduced to minimizing a functional in the space of piecewise continuous functions. Under a natural additional assumption, this functional is Gateaux differentiable. For the functional, Gateaux gradient is found, necessary and sufficient conditions for the minimum are obtained. Оn the basis of these conditions, the method of the steepest descent is applied to the original problem. Some examples illustrate the constructed algorithm realization.
Assessing effects of rainfall on farming activities as the predictor of climate changes in Sadi Chanka District of Kellem Wolega, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Eticha Tolera Kuma , Rikiti Abdi Kitaba , Abdisa Soresa Shuma , Ejeta Adugna Gindaba
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out in Sadi Chanka District (Ethiopia) to assess effects of rainfall on farming activities as the predictor of climate change. This study used a mixed approach. Purposive sampling technique was used to select representative kebeles. Elkofale, Keto Shan and Komba were chosen and 128 farmers from each kebeles were involved in a survey. A simple random sampling technique was used to select representative farmers of the study area. In this study, interview, focus group discussion, questionnaires and site observation were employed as data collection tools. SPSS Version 20 was used for data analysis. The majority of the respondent farmers revealed that their productivity status had fluctuated patterns due to untimely rainfall and scarcity of water occasionally. The present study confirmed that choices of agricultural activities by farmers were linked with the change in climate and irregular distribution of rainfall patterns. The ecology of farmland in Sadi Chanka has been degraded critically. This work had also clearly demonstrated the existence of farmers' choices of agricultural activities, including coffee production, poultry production and production of fruits like mango and papaya. Community as whole and concerned governmental sectors should be alerted on participatory ecological management and climate change mitigation.
FREQUENCY AND CORRELATION OF TEMPORAL MARKERS IN THE ARCHITECTONICS OF PUBLICISTIC DISCOURSE OF ELLEN BARRY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF “THE NEW YORK TIMES”)
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, TROFIMOVA NATALIIA A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the frequency and correlation of chronemes in the publicistic discourse of Ellen Barry. The importance of including data from linguo- cognitive science, cultural linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and other related disciplines is substantiated in order to study the relationship between the category of gender and discourse in modern linguistic science. The algorithm of linguistic modeling of representation in the publicistic discourse of the realities of the modern world is described in detail. A review of gender differences in the perception of time is carried out. The study of the use of chronemes in artistic discourse in the works of E. A. Ogneva, Yu. A. Kuzminykh, E. I. Guzhva, E. I. Buzina, D. A. Koptseva, I. A. Danilenko, as well as in publicistic discourse in the works of the author of the article (N. A. Trofimova) is performed. The necessity of correlation of the cognitive-hermeneutic method of studying markers of temporality and cognitive modeling is substantiated. As a result of the application of the cognitive hermeneutic method, in the articles of Ellen Barry various markers of temporality were identified. The specificity of their representation in the publicistic discourse of Ellen Barry has been established by means of the quantitative method of researching chronemes. The correlation of the vocabulary volume of the publicistic articles and the number of cronemes used on “The New York Times” was revealed. It is concluded that there is a partial correlation between the vocabulary volume of the analyzed articles and the concentration of markers of temporality of non- verbal communication.
THE SPACE OF ORIENTAL EXOTIC IN THE POEM BY LOKHVITSKAYA "GIMN VOZLYUBLENNOMU"
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, DYACHENKO TATYANA A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the development of the oriental plot in the poem by Lokhvitskaya «Gimn vozlyublennomu». The poem is a sample of the sophisticated lyrics of the poetess. Much attention is given to the central image of the poem - the eternally courageous «black-eyed prince» who is both real and surreal. Images of a distant eastern country, mysticism, the use of the motif of bliss make it possible to put the sensual world of the poetess's experiences in a space of oriental exoticism.
MYTH AND TALE: QUESTION OF GENESIS
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, PROTSENKO OLGA YU.
Published: July 2021

The expression "fairy-tale reality" is an oxymoron, because the idea that a fairy tale is something unrealistic, impossible and knowingly false has entrenched in the minds of people. A fairy tale in the form in which it exists today is a fantastic genre that modern writers combine with other genres and get new literary forms and plots. A series of novels by J. Rowling about Harry Potter, “The Lord of the Rings” by R. Tolkien, “Song of Ice and Fire” by J. Martin are modern bestsellers. No one believes in the reality of what is described in these books, but from this they do not lose popularity. The thing is that at the heart of storylines, characters and conflicts are archetypes and mythologies familiar to us from childhood. This once again proves people's interest in everything inexplicable.
RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN YOUTH EXCHANGES WITHIN THE SCO
Authors:   Ural Federal University, MURATSHINA KSENIA G. , BAKHTIN EVGENY L. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: July 2021

Youth exchanges have become an essential component of people-to-people exchanges in international relations, both in bilateral and multilateral formats. This paper analyses the participation of Russia and its Central Asian partners (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) in youth exchanges in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The authors consequently discuss the institutional structure and formats of the multilateral cooperation, its development within the last decade, and the representation and role of the member states. The research is based on the study of the SCO multilateral documents, SCO institutions’ documentation, official addresses and interviews of the SCO politicians and NGO leaders, online news archives of NGOs and media. The authors conclude that the SCO has formed a multilateral cooperation mechanism for youth exchanges, in which Russia and Central Asia are fully represented, with minor exclusions. Meanwhile, the cooperation demonstrates the evident rivalry between Russia and China in this cooperation. The Central Asian countries have become subject to this rivalry, however, at the same time they have already started to put forward their own initiatives, too, which can be significant for the development of multilateral dialogue. Finally, the paper discusses the potential benefits of cooperation for its participants.
DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE CULTURE DURING THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 ON THE EXAMPLE OF AMERICAN SOCIETY
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, GORLOVA EKATERINA V. , RESHETNIKOVA NATALYA S. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: July 2021

The many changes caused by COVID-19 have impacted all areas of our lives. Since the beginning of the pandemic in every country, people have experienced the same fears: getting sick, being left without a livelihood, dying, losing loved ones, etc. In many states, support was provided by both the government and the employer. Our analyze show how the employees themselves assessed the level of relations between them and the company through the connecting thread of corporate culture. We have determined that, in general, in many cases there is an increase in corporate values, information coming from managers is more trustworthy than information from the mass media. Honesty, openness and communication are becoming the new flagships for the development of corporate culture.
THE PRINCIPLE OF PROLIFERATION AND ITS PLACE IN POSTMODERN EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, TKACHENKO ROMAN V.
Published: July 2021

The paper breaks down certain methodological aspects of the philosophy of Paul Feyerabend as well as focusing upon the problem of how the status of scientific knowledge has changed within the concept of epistemological anarchism in relation to changes in the scientific paradigm. Is has been postulated that in the framework of the postmodern paradigm the problem of scientific knowledge is inevitably linked to the problem of language as a means of the objectification of knowledge. The missing metanarrative as a legal foundation for scientific knowledge and the transition from the concept of ‘broad narratives’ to a paralogical scope of complex semantic games are an immediate cause of changes in scientific methodology. Therefore, numerous theories, which are conceived by the principle of proliferation, stimulate the development of brand new concepts. Besides, the constellation of many a rivaling theory enables to scrutinize the feasibility and justifiability of particular theoretical constructs. As a consequence, the principle of proliferation espoused by the philosophy of Feyerabend is both a way to bypass binary oppositions associated with classical philosophy and an unavoidable challenge as far as the criteria of the scientific value of postmodern epistemology are concerned.
Beneficial Effects of Liposomal Formulations of Lichen Substances: A Review
Authors: Kukavica Biljana , Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj , Nguyen Ha Thi
Published: July 2021

Lichens are commonly used as essential traditional medicines to treat various conditions, including skin disorders, wounds, digestive, respiratory, obstetric, and gynecological problems in many cultures in Africa, Asia, Europe, Haitian, Oceania, and North and South America. Lichens have been deeply investigated for their phytochemical properties and, to date, numerous compounds (also known as substances) have been successfully isolated from the extracts. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of pure lichen substances have been widely recognized as significant issues hindering their biological applications. Recently, several groups have investigated the properties and the potential applications of lichen metabolites-based liposomal formulations and revealed a substantial improvement in their solubility, bioactivity, and toxicity in the animal. Thus, in this topical review, we aimed to provide an overview of liposomal structures, the efficacy of liposomal formulations, as well as their beneficial effects as compared to the free compounds themselves.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Polar Extract of Chrozophora tinctoria for Effective Treatment of Cancer: In Vitro Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Khan Shahid Ullah , Rashid Faisal , Shah Hamid Saeed , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: July 2021

Background:

Worldwide, cancer is claimed a major public health problem and is
another leading cause of death after ischemic heart diseases. Currently, the nutraceuticals and their
biologically active phytoconstituents have received immense attention for the prevention and treatment
of cancer due to origin authenticity, natural compatibility, and least toxicity.

Objective:

The contemporary research venture aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of polar
fractions of the Chrozophora tinctoria plant. The plant was selected due to its wide-ranging therapeutic
potential having its role in wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic
as well as antioxidant activities.

Methods:

The aerial part of the C. tinctoria was extracted with methanol and then fractionated with
liquid-liquid extraction by utilizing water, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane. In addition
to total phenolic, the flavonoid contents were also determined. Phytochemical analysis was performed
and maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in chloroform and ethyl acetate
fractions.

Results:

The obtained fractions were assessed for potential anticancer agents by utilizing HeLa and
MCF-7 cells. The most active fractions from initial anticancer screening were further investigated
microscopically to determine apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as
cell cycle arrest (flow cytometry). Interestingly, the maximum cytotoxic activity in cancer cells
was observed by ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed the most promising
anticancer activity and would be a new treatment option for the most common cancer in females.
Cavaleiros e Escudeiros no Porto de inícios do século XV
Authors: Ribeiro Marco Alexandre
Published: July 2021

This paper seeks to understand the verifiable presence of “knights” and “squires”in the municipal council meetings in Porto in the late 14thand early 15thcenturies, using the books of “Atas de Vereação” of the period under analysis, but also by crossing with other documentary sources.We try to understand how this reality coexisted with the privilege that the city had long held and for which it permanently fought for centuries, at least until the reign of D. Manuel I, which prevented the residence and/or stay of noblemen within the walls of the city
A festa religiosa de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa ao tempo de D. João II, duque de Bragança (1630-1640)
Authors: Pardal Francisco José Pegacha
Published: July 2021

The devotion to the Immaculate Conception in Vila Viçosareassembles to the Middle Age. With the establishment of House of Braganza in the locality, was extremely estimated by the ducal family. The party, organized by the Brotherhood of Our Lady of Conception, included a Eucharistic celebration, a monumental procession, and other profane amusements, including bullfights and fireworks. The study of this 17th century celebration focuses on the account of António de Oliveira de Cadornega is cross-checked with brotherhood documentation and with other historiography
Behavioral Activation and Depression Symptomatology: Longitudinal Assessment of Linguistic Indicators in Text-Based Therapy Sessions
Authors: Burkhardt Hannah A , Alexopoulos George S , Pullmann Michael D , Hull Thomas D , Areán Patricia A , Cohen Trevor
Published: July 2021

Background

Behavioral activation (BA) is rooted in the behavioral theory of depression, which states that increased exposure to meaningful, rewarding activities is a critical factor in the treatment of depression. Assessing constructs relevant to BA currently requires the administration of standardized instruments, such as the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS), which places a burden on patients and providers, among other potential limitations. Previous work has shown that depressed and nondepressed individuals may use language differently and that automated tools can detect these differences. The increasing use of online, chat-based mental health counseling presents an unparalleled resource for automated longitudinal linguistic analysis of patients with depression, with the potential to illuminate the role of reward exposure in recovery.

Objective

This work investigated how linguistic indicators of planning and participation in enjoyable activities identified in online, text-based counseling sessions relate to depression symptomatology over time.

Methods

Using distributional semantics methods applied to a large corpus of text-based online therapy sessions, we devised a set of novel BA-related categories for the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software package. We then analyzed the language used by 10,000 patients in online therapy chat logs for indicators of activation and other depression-related markers using LIWC.

Results

Despite their conceptual and operational differences, both previously established LIWC markers of depression and our novel linguistic indicators of activation were strongly associated with depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9) and longitudinal patient trajectories. Emotional tone; pronoun rates; words related to sadness, health, and biology; and BA-related LIWC categories appear to be complementary, explaining more of the variance in the PHQ score together than they do independently.

Conclusions

This study enables further work in automated diagnosis and assessment of depression, the refinement of BA psychotherapeutic strategies, and the development of predictive models for decision support.
Natural Language Processing Insight into LGBTQ+ Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Content Analysis of Anxiety-Provoking Topics and Trends in Emotion in LGBTeens Microcommunity Subreddit
Authors: Stevens Hannah R , Acic Irena , Rhea Sofia
Published: July 2021

Background

Widespread fear surrounding COVID-19, coupled with physical and social distancing orders, has caused severe adverse mental health outcomes. Little is known, however, about how the COVID-19 crisis has impacted LGBTQ+ youth, who disproportionately experienced a high rate of adverse mental health outcomes before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

We aimed to address this knowledge gap by harnessing natural language processing methodologies to investigate the evolution of conversation topics in the most popular subreddit for LGBTQ+ youth.

Methods

We generated a data set of all r/LGBTeens subreddit posts (n=39,389) between January 1, 2020 and February 1, 2021 and analyzed meaningful trends in anxiety, anger, and sadness in the posts. Because the distribution of anxiety before widespread social distancing orders was meaningfully different from the distribution after (P<.001), we employed latent Dirichlet allocation to examine topics that provoked this shift in anxiety.

Results

We did not find any differences in LGBTQ+ youth anger and sadness before and after government-mandated social distancing; however, anxiety increased significantly (P<.001). Further analysis revealed a list of 10 anxiety-provoking topics discussed during the pandemic: attraction to a friend, coming out, coming out to family, discrimination, education, exploring sexuality, gender pronouns, love and relationship advice, starting a new relationship, and struggling with mental health.

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, LGBTQ+ teens increased their reliance on anonymous discussion forums when discussing anxiety-provoking topics. LGBTQ+ teens likely perceived anonymous forums as safe spaces for discussing lifestyle stressors during COVID-19 disruptions (eg, school closures). The list of prevalent anxiety-provoking topics in LGBTQ+ teens’ anonymous discussions can inform future mental health interventions in LGBTQ+ youth.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED-RELEASE PELLETS OF LORNOXICAM
Authors: AMIN MILIND J. , PATEL KEYUR S. , PATEL DEEPA R. , PATEL ZIL P. , BAJAG JAYANTI V.
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop sustained release pellets of lornoxicam using Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO to reduce the dosing frequency.

Methods: The sustained release pellets of lornoxicam were prepared by extrusion–spheronization technique using Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO as release retardant polymers and microcrystalline cellulose as spheronizing agent. A 32 Full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of the two independent variables i.e. concentration of Eudragit RLPO (X1) and concentration of Eudragit RSPO (X2) on the dependent variables, In vitro drug release at 1h (Y1), In vitro drug release at 4 h (Y2) and In vitro drug release at 12 h. (Y3).

Results: The optimized formulation (F0) show in vitro drug release 11.24±1.21 %, 43.69±1.28 %, 82.69±1.74 % and 100.24±1.56 % at 1 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h respectively. Drug excipients compatibility study by FTIR showed no interaction between drug and excipients. Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO had a significant effect on in vitro drug release.

Conclusion: From all parameters and experimental design evaluation, it was concluded that the drug release rate decreased with an increase the concentration of Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO. SEM Photomicrograph of pellets revealed that the surface was rough and the pellets were spherical shaped in nature. The in vitro release kinetics revealed higuchi model is followed and drug release is by anamolous diffusion.
TARGETING NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B WITH CHELATED ZINC COMPOUNDS TOWARDS ANTICANCER DRUG DESIGN
Authors: K. NAGALAKSHMI , S. SHILA , L. INBATHAMIZH , A. THENMOZHI , P. RASAPPAN , P. T. SRINIVASAN
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyse the target-ligand interactions between nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and chelated Zinc compounds and to explore the anticancer drug potential of these ligands by a bio computational approach.

Methods: Bioinformatics databases and tools were applied for the study. Three dimensional structure of the target NF-κB was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The optimized structures of two chelated Zinc compounds, Zinc acetate and Zinc orotate were taken for docking studies with the target using docking tool AutoDock 4.2. Drug properties of the ligands were further assessed by Molinspiration server.

Results: Docking results as predicted by AutoDock and as visualized by PyMol viewer were effective for both the ligands. Comparatively, Zinc orotate showed minimum energy and more interactions with the target. Both the ligands satisfied the Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations.

Conclusion: The findings emphasized the promising role of chelated Zinc compounds as potent drug candidates in anti-cancer drug design against NF-κB.
Implementation of Algorithm on MPPT
Authors: Khandelwal Bharat
Published: July 2021

Solar energy is a potential energy source in India. A photovoltaic is a efficient way to cure the energy in a huge amount and keep to gather that kind of energy for future, and the PV must have good efficiency. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a process that tracks one maximum power point from array input, in which the ratio varies between the voltage and current delivered to get the most power it can. Several algorithms have been developed for extracting maximum power. To increase its efficiency many MPPT techniques are used. Incremental conductance is one of the important techniques in this system and because of its higher steady-state accuracy and environmental adaptability it is a widely implemented tracked control strategy. This research was aimed to explore the performance of a maximum power point tracking system that implements the Incremental Conductance (IC) method. The IC algorithm was designed to control the duty cycle of the Buck-Boost converter and to ensure the MPPT work at its maximum efficiency. From the simulation, the IC method shows better performance and also has a lower oscillation.
Dinamika Fatwa Bunga Bank di Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Fatwa MUI, Muhammaddiyah dan Nahdhatul Ulama
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Yasir
Published: July 2021

Islamic banking and finance has experienced tremendous development and impressive achievement in Indonesia even though there is no consensus among Shariâ€™ah scholars on the position of interest banking. This paper will observe the various perspectives of Indonesian Shariâ€™ah scholarsâ€™s and analyze the dynamics of fatwa issued on banking interest by three main Islamic organizations in Indonesia, namely; MUI, Muhammadiyah and Nahdhatul Ulama. The paper will also attempt to look to what extent the scholars have contributed to the development of shariah banking in Indonesia. The fatwas are gathered from the resolutions issued by respective organizations in their meeting which have been evolving along with the development of shariah banking in Indonesia.
Efektivitas Uji Kelayakan Pembiayaan di BQ Bina Insan Mandiri
Authors: Maulana Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri has a commitment to fund the people whose focus on microfinance so that they have more opportunity to develop their business by increasing the capital. Although BQ Bina Insan faces high risk of level, BQ tries to overcome the problem professionally by using decent standard test even there are many obstacles because micro-entrepreneurs are not able to fulfill the main standard. The examined aspects include market and marketing aspect, production technique and technology aspect, management and human resources, low and legality aspect as well as finance and economic aspect. Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri is very flexible in applying its feasibility concept by considering the effort of microfinance customers and its limited coverage aspects.
Urgensi Ijtihad Kolektif dalam Permasalahan Kontemporer
Authors: Hanna Siti
Published: July 2021

Islamic exertion (ijtihad) is a tool which makes Islamic law be compatible and relevant to the current progress of time. Some contemporary problems which are being faced by human are needed to be solved from Islamic law perspective. In this regard, to intensify Islamic exertion collectively by involving all scientists from various backgrounds of science and knowledge is a way to solve such kinds of contemporary problems which being faced by mankind generally and Muslim particularly.
Manajemen Marketing (Pemasaran) Produk Jasa Keuangan Perbankan dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Sari Nilam
Published: July 2021

This article aims to provide an overview of ethical marketing management for banking products and financial services in accordance with the principles and values of Islam. This paper is divided to several parts, first: to explain what is meant by marketing, scope and importance of marketing in business. The second part: marketing management discusses how ethics in Islam, the third part explains what is the difference between Islamic and conventional view on marketing. Last discussion is about how the ethics and values of Islam applied in marketing management for banking products and services. There are several things to be noted in the discussion of this article, the application of ethical practices in banking companies will always benefit the company both medium and long term. It also can increase the motivation of the crew, to protect the principle of freedom of trade and increase competitive advantages. Overall management strategy that has been created based on ethics will be a success, according to the plan, if the parties have consistently execute marketing strategies implemented, and conduct a review of the marketing strategies that have been implemented if it does not succeed in business.
Hukum Vaksin MR: Teori Istihalah dan Istihlak versus Fatwa MUI
Authors: Abubakar Alyasa' , Abubakar Ali
Published: July 2021

Measles and rubella are infectious diseases that cause very dangerous diseases throughout the world. Both diseases are incurable; can only be prevented by administering the MR (Measles Rubella) vaccine. However, in Indonesia, the implementation of vaccination for these two diseases did not run smoothly due to the circulation of information that the basic ingredients or the process of making vaccines involved elements of pigs. On that basis, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued Fatwa Number 33 of 2018 concerning the Use of Mr (Measles Rubella) Vaccine Products from SII (Serum Institute Of India) for Immunization which stipulates that "the use of vaccines that utilize pig elements and their derivatives is unlawful". The MUI equates the involvement of pork as the main ingredient and as a medium for making vaccines. This paper relates the fatwa to the prohibition of certain objects in the Qur'an, hadith, and interpretations made by scholars, especially related to the theory of istihālah (perfect change) and istihlāk (mixing). Both of these theories are used in the thought of the scholars of schools and at the present time, especially in objects that are changed through fermentation and synthetic processes, which can be called chemical engineering. Campak dan rubella merupakan penyakit infeksi yang mengakibatkan pernyakit sangat berbahaya  di seluruh dunia. Kedua penyakit tidak dapat diobati; hanya dapat dicegah dengan pemberian vaksin MR (Measles Rubella). Namun demikian, di Indonesia, pelaksanaan vaksinasi untuk kedua penyakit ini tidak berjalan lancar karena beredarnya informasi bahwa bahan dasar atau proses pembuatan vaksin terlibat unsur babi. Atas dasar itu,   Majelis Ulama Indonesia menerbitkan Fatwa Nomor  33 Tahun 2018 tentang Penggunaan Vaksin Mr (Measles Rubella) Produk dari SII (Serum Intitute Of India) untuk Imunisasi yang menentukan bahwa  “penggunaan vaksin yang memanfaatkan unsur babi dan turunannya hukumnya haram”.  MUI menyamakan keterlibatan unsur babi sebagai bahan utama dan sebagai media pembuatan vaksin. Tulisan ini mengubungkan fatwa tersebut dengan keharaman benda tertentu dalam al-Qur'an,  hadis,  dan penafsiran yang dilakukan para ulama, terutama terkait dengan teori istihālah (perubahan sempurna) dan istihlāk (percampuran). Kedua teori ini digunakan dalam pemikiran para ulama mazhab dan pada masa sekarang, terutama sekali pada benda-benda yang berubah melalui proses fermentasi dan sintetis, yang dapat disebut sebagai rekayasa kimiawi.
Topographic maps of the north-western Black sea region of the 17th to mid – 18th centuries
Authors: Herzen A.A. , Paskary E.G. , Khropov A.G.
Published: July 2021

Systematization of cartographic sources and their comparative analysis is a challenging scientific task, accomplishment of which enables creating a more objective picture of the past. The geographical approach is inseparable from the historical one, and historic-geographical studies are an integral factor in a comprehensive scientific research. Many cartographic sources on the North-Western Black Sea Region are far from being studied and even systematized, some of them remain hardly known, and many of those that have been studied need to be adequately explained and rethought. The most noteworthy geographical features located within the borders of modern Moldavia, neighboring Romania and Ukraine, are depicted on some of the oldest maps. In the period of the 16th–18th centuries, the foundation for detailed mapping of the territory and creating large-scale overview maps was laid, including the works by G. L. Beauplan, V. M. Coronelli, D. K. Cantemir. G. A. B. Rizzi-Zannoni. A comprehensive topographic study of the North-Western Black Sea Region began only at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, when the first survey and topographic maps were compiled, which enabled not only getting a general idea of the geography of the region, but also navigating the area quite confidently.
Deslocamentos arte-educativos na Transamazônica-Xingu como experiências do sensível em direção a uma outra partilha do comum
Authors: Zenha Leonardo , Lopes Raquel
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é compartilhar experiências no campo da arte e da educação, demonstrando atos de deslocamento como experiências de partilha do sensível. Pela realização de ações coletivas com estudantes de graduação e da educação básica, a partir de dispositivos visuais como a fotografia, o vídeo e a instalação, procurou-se materializar possibilidades e inquietações no campo da arte-política, focando temas do cotidiano das populações locais, trazendo a lume pontos de tensão e ruptura na perspectiva da construção de um novo comum a ser partilhado a partir dos olhares dos sujeitos que vivem nesse território.
Compartilhar a mesa. Design centrado em pessoas para recursos museográficos educativos
Authors: Estevão da Silva Bruna
Published: July 2021

Resenha do artigo Compartir la mesa. Diseño centrado en personas para recursos museográficos educativos, de Nayeli Zepeda Arias, historiadora da arte, mestre em museografia interativa e didática e coordenadora do NodoCultura.