bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Names That Show Time: Turkish Jews as “Strangers” and the Semiotics of Reclassification
Authors: Brink‐Danan Marcy
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT In this article, I discuss the anthropological value of focusing on ontological processes in which seemingly local, native, or indigenous people are reclassified as foreigners. Building on theories of language and time, I show, through the ethnographic example of Jewish naming in Istanbul, how names come to signify foreignness. I also explore naming as a process through which the subjects of reclassification themselves understand present‐day ontologies as historically informed and context dependent. By studying moments of categorical reassignment, I detail the social semiotic processes that drive the classification of signs as indices of belonging or exclusion. Anthropologists increasingly study military, juridical, and economic ontologies that reorder, relocate, and restrict human (and nonhuman) groups. I illuminate a quieter space, that of naming, through which classifications are made and undone.
Anthropology and Environmental Policy: What Counts?
Authors: Charnley Susan , Durham William H.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT  In this article, we call for enhanced quantitative and environmental analysis in the work of environmental anthropologists who wish to influence policy. Using a database of 77 leading monographs published between 1967 and 2006, 147 articles by the same authors, and a separate sample of 137 articles from the journal Human Organization, we document a sharp decline over the last ten years in the collection and use of quantitative and environmental data within environmental anthropology. These declines come at the same time that environmental anthropologists are aiming at greater policy relevance. We use the case of the Polonoroeste Project in the Brazilian Amazon and its impact on World Bank policy as a concrete example of the advantages of fortifying the quantitative and environmental side of our work. We conclude by discussing ways to strengthen environmental anthropology to further enhance its policy relevance and impact.
How Did It Feel for You? Emotion, Narrative, and the Limits of Ethnography
Authors: Beatty Andrew
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT In this article, I present the case for a narrative approach to emotion, identifying conceptual and presentational weaknesses in standard ethnographic approaches. First‐person and confessional accounts, increasingly offered as a corrective to the distancing and typifying effects of cultural analysis, are shown to be unreliable; shared experience turns out to be an illusion. Instead, I suggest we look to literary examples for lessons in how to capture the full significance of emotion in action. Here, however, we reach the limits of ethnography.
Subjective Theories about (Self‐)Treatment with Ayahuasca
Authors: SCHMID JANINE TATJANA , JUNGABERLE HENRIK , VERRES ROLF
Published: September 2010

Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage that is mostly used in ritualized settings (Santo Daime rituals, neo‐shamanic rituals, and even do‐it‐yourself‐rituals). It is a common practice in the investigated socio‐cultural field to call these settings “healing rituals.” For this study, 15 people who underwent ayahuasca (self‐)therapy for a particular disease like chronic pain, cancer, asthma, depression, alcohol abuse, or Hepatitis C were interviewed twice about their subjective concepts and beliefs on ayahuasca and healing. Qualitative data analysis revealed a variety of motivational patterns, subjective effects, and user types. Most participants were convinced that ayahuasca had influenced their illness positively or improved their coping with their illness. More importantly, it had enhanced their well being in general. As a result, we concluded that the effects of ayahuasca should not be reduced to a pharmacological model. The substance should be conceptualized as a psychological catalyst that unfolds within different fields of sociocultural ideas.
The NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene variants are associated with autism
Authors: Marui T. , Funatogawa I. , Koishi S. , Yamamoto K. , Matsumoto H. , Hashimoto O. , Jinde S. , Nishida H. , Sugiyama T. , Kasai K. , Watanabe K. , Kano Y. , Kato N.
Published: September 2010

Marui T, Funatogawa I, Koishi S, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto O, Jinde S, Nishida H, Sugiyama T, Kasai K, Watanabe K, Kano Y, Kato N. The NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene variants are associated with autism.

Objective:  Autism appears to have a strong genetic component. The product of the NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene is included in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Method:  We performed a case–control study of 235 patients with autism and 214 controls and examined three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene in a Japanese population. We then conducted a transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis in 148 autistic trios.

Results:  In the case–control study, two SNPs (rs12666974 and rs3779262) showed a significant association with autism (P = 0.00064 and 0.00046 respectively). Furthermore, a haplotype containing these two SNPs showed a significant association (P‐global = 0.0013, individual haplotype A‐A: P = 0.010). In TDT analysis, the global and A‐A haplotype P‐values also indicated significant associations. Minor allele and genotype frequencies were decreased in the autistic subjects.

Conclusion:  We found significant association between the NDFA5 gene and autism.
Effect of atorvastatin on chronic periodontitis: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Fajardo Martha Eugenia , Rocha Miriam Lucía , Sánchez‐Marin Francisco Javier , Espinosa‐Chávez Emanuel Jaime
Published: September 2010

Fajardo ME, Rocha ML, Sánchez‐Marin FJ, Espinosa‐Chávez EJ. Effect of atorvastatin on chronic periodontitis: a randomized pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 1016–1022. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01619.x.

Aim: We studied the effect of atorvastatin (ATV) treatment on bone loss prevention in subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Material and Methods: In this controlled double‐blind study, 38 subjects with chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups, paired by age to receive ATV (20 mg) or placebo daily for 3 months. Periodontal mechanical treatment was carried out in both groups at baseline. Clinical and radiographic parameters and bone turnover markers were assessed at baseline and at 3 months.

Results: Periodontal disease conditions improved in both groups. After comparing the figures of change, significant improvements were observed in cholesterol levels (Δ=−58.5 ± 37.6 versusΔ=5.4 ± 41.2 mg/dl, p<0.0002), low‐density lipoprotein levels (Δ=−48.1 ± 31.7 versusΔ=1.9 ± 42.8 mg/dl, p<0.002), dental mobility (Δ=−0.17 ± 0.11 versusΔ=−0.06 ± 0.11%, p<0.04), and the distance from the crestal alveolar bone to the cemento‐enamel junction (Δ=−0.75 ± 0.7 versusΔ=0.09 ± 0.4 mm, p<0.0006) in the ATV group.

Conclusions: The results suggest that ATV might have beneficial effects on bone alveolar loss and tooth mobility in subjects with periodontal disease.
Experiences of relocation in dementia care from the perspective of six care workers
Authors: Horttana Britt Marie , Fahlström Gunilla , Ahlström Gerd
Published: September 2010

horttana b.m., fahlström g. & ahlström g. (2010) Experiences of relocation in dementia care from the perspective of six care workers. International Journal of Older People Nursing6, 93–101 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00246.x

Background.  Relocation of persons with dementia might be considered when quality of care cannot be sustained due to increasing needs. Relocation has been studied from the aspects of mortality and morbidity.

Aim.  To explore the thoughts and experiences of care workers when relocating a person with dementia within municipal sheltered housing.

Method.  This qualitative study was conducted in Sweden and based on interviews with six care workers involved in the relocation of two persons with dementia. Latent content analysis was applied.

Results.  The findings of one narrative are summarised in the theme ‘Walking the tightrope: trying to balance conflicting needs’. In the other narrative the theme ‘Balancing closeness and distance’ emerged. Eight sub‐themes were identified illustrating the relocation time‐line.

Conclusion.  Relocation from the care workers’ perspective is a complex process with conflicting values and practical issues that hinder the provision of good care and security.

Implications for practice.  Supporting next of kin in the relocation decision‐making process presupposes time for reflection in dialogue with staff. The risk of moral distress should be observed and support for care workers could be provided in the form of supervision, ethical consultations and local guidelines.
Short‐term costs related to male and female structures in alpine Parnassia palustris
Authors: Sandvik Sylvi M. , Eide Wenche
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential costs related to male and female structures in a small, hermaphroditic alpine plant species, Parnassia palustris L. We studied in the field the effect of experimental manipulation of seed set (female structures) as well as anthers and staminodes (male structures) on next year's survival, flowering, seed set and growth. We found no statistically significant differences between the treatments in survival, number of flowers and fruits, fruit/flower ratio, seed number or mean mass per seed the following year. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in growth response between the treatments. These observations indicate both that the manipulations of the flowers the previous year had no effect on growth and that the competition between growth and sexual reproduction was negligible. Our results may reflect small investments in reproduction, abundance of soil resources and/or that all resources saved by the plant one year are not necessarily invested in reproduction or growth next year.
The Acute Effects of Acupuncture Upon Autonomic Balance in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Carpenter Rosann J. , Dillard James , Zion Adrienne S. , Gates Gregory J. , Bartels Matthew N. , Downey John A. , De Meersman Ronald E.
Published: September 2010

Restoration of the sympathovagal (S/V) balance, involving a lowering of sympathetic and/or an augmentation of vagal modulation or a combination of both is associated with improvements in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To determine whether acupuncture exerts a favorable influence upon resting blood pressure and sympathovagal balance, a single-blind cross-over investigation was used to study the acute effects of acupuncture on S/V balance in normal healthy subjects. The ANOVA revealed a significant lowering of the sympathovagal balance (LF:HF) during rest for the acupuncture treatment from pre (4 ± 2 nu) to post (2.2 ± 1.8 nu)(p < 0.05). No such change was seen during sham treatment. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in systolic blood pressures during rest (114 ± 4 vs. 108 ± 3 mmHg) for the acupuncture treatment (p < 0.05). No significance was found during the sham treatment. The ANOVA failed to reveal any significant improvements in sympathovagal balance during the sustained isometric contraction. The clinical significance of these findings appears to suggest that acupuncture treatment might be beneficial in lowering blood pressure at rest. Furthermore, the lowering of the blood pressure might be in part due to a lowering of the sympathovagal balance. These findings are of importance since acupuncture treatments are non-pharmacological and have no known detrimental side-effects. This investigation employed healthy volunteers, yet acupuncture has been found to have more potent effects in animal models of hypertension and or in the presence of an autonomic imbalance.
The Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture on Patients with Chronic Neck Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Mei-Yuan , Hsieh Ching-Liang , Cheng Yung-Yen , Hung Hung-Chang , Li Tsai-Chung , Yen Sch-May , Huang I-Shin
Published: September 2010

Chronic neck myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common disorder seen in clinics. There is no gold standard method to treat myofascial pain. We investigated the effects of acupuncture on patients with chronic neck MPS by a single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 35 patients were randomly allocated to an acupuncture group (AG) or a sham acupuncture group (SG). Each subject received acupuncture treatment twice per week for three consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measure was quality of life as assessed with Short Form-36, and secondary outcome measures were neck range of motion (ROM), motion-related pain, and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), as determined by a blinded investigator. The clinical assessments were made before treatment (BT) and after six acupuncture treatments (AT), as well as four weeks (F1) and 12 weeks (F2) after the end of the treatment. A total of 34 patients completed the trial. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in the ROM, motion-related pain, and SF-MPQ scores between AG and SG at AT, F1 and F2 (all p > 0.05). However, AG has greater improvement in physical functioning and role emotional of Short Form-36 quality of life at F2. The results indicate that acupuncture may be used to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic neck MPS.
Clinical Observations on Laser Acupuncture in Simple Obesity Therapy
Authors: Hu Wen-Long , Chang Chih-Hao , Hung Yu-Chiang
Published: September 2010

A previous study has shown that laser acupuncture is a useful healing method for the treatment of visceral postmenopausal obesity in combination with a low-calorie diet. We observe and evaluate the therapeutic effect of laser acupuncture in subjects of simple obesity with a non-restrictive diet protocol. Subjects included 73 women and 22 men with simple obesity and body mass indices ≥ 27 kg/m2. Daily energy intake recommendations for obese females and males were 1620.0 and 1894.2 kcal in average, respectively. The gallium aluminum arsenide Handylaser Trion was used to apply 0.25 J of energy to each of the following acupuncture points three times per week for four consecutive weeks: Stomach, Hunger, ST25, ST28, ST40, SP15, and CV9. The subjects' body weights and body mass indices were recorded before treatment, and four weeks after treatment, and the percent reduction in each parameter was calculated. Statistically significant reductions in body weight and body mass index were detected after four weeks of treatment. The mean reduction and mean percent reduction in body weight were 3.17 kg and 3.80% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The corresponding values for the body mass index were 1.22 kg/m2 and 3.78% (p < 0.0001), respectively. We concluded that laser acupuncture was found to exert a therapeutic effect on simple obesity by reducing both body weight and body mass index. Moreover, subjects showed good compliance with this comfortable and non-restrictive diet protocol.
Hepatoprotection by Freshwater Clam Extract Against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats
Authors: Hsu Chin-Lin , Hsu Chien-Chen , Yen Gow-Chin
Published: September 2010

Freshwater clam is traditionally used as a food and has been mentioned in ancient books to have a hepatoprotective effect. The hepatoprotective effect of freshwater clam extract was evaluated in the model of chronic hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with freshwater clam extract (0.3, 0.6 and 1.5 g/kg of bw) or silymarin (0.2 g/kg of bw) along with the administration of CCl4 (0.5 ml/rat, 20% CCl4 in olive oil) for eight consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected for assaying serum biochemical parameters. The livers were excised for evaluating peroxidation products and antioxidant substances, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Pathological histology was also performed. The data showed that supplementation of freshwater clam extract (0.6 g/kg bw) significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in rats treated with CCl4 , and also decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroxyproline and excessive inflammation in the livers of CCl4 -treated rats. Histopathological analysis of the liver showed that freshwater clam extract (0.6 g/kg bw) markedly reduced the injury score of the fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The data suggest that oral administration with freshwater clam extract might provide a novel and alternative approach for treating chronic liver failure.
Pharmacokinetics of Laetispicine and Its Brain Distribution in Rats
Authors: Wang Yong , Xie Hui , Pan Sheng-Li
Published: September 2010

Laetispicine, which is a novel amide alkaloid isolated from the stem of Piper laetispicum, has been proven to possess antidepressant and antinociceptive effects. This study examined the pharmacokinetic characteristics of laetispicine in plasma and brain distribution in rats by a simple sensitive HPLC–UV method. The separation was performed on a reverse-phase ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-water (75:25, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with UV detection at 259 nm. The calibration curve of laetispicine in rat plasma showed excellent linear behavior between 0.005–5.0 μg/ml (r2= 0.9992), and between 0.02–0.5 μg/ml (r2= 0.9952) in rat brain samples. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 0.005 μg/ml in rat plasma and 0.02 μg/ml in rat brain samples. This HPLC assay was a precise and reliable method for the analysis of laetispicine in pharmacokinetic studies. Laetispicine was rapidly and extensively transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and distributed into different brain regions.
Pinus Massoniana Bark Extract Protects Against Oxidative Damage in L-02 Hepatic Cells and Mice
Authors: Wang Mei , Ma Hong-Ling , Liu Bing , Wang Hong-Bin , Xie Heng , Li Ruo-Da , Wang Jin-Fa
Published: September 2010

The hepatoprotective activity of Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) against hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 )-induced damage in normal human liver L-02 cells and carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 )-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice was investigated. The L-02 cells were pre-treated with PMBE for 24 hours prior to exposure to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 3 or 24 hours. The cell viability, level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the catalase (CAT) activity were evaluated. For in vivo experiments, mice were divided into groups and PMBE administered orally, after which each group was assigned a further treatment. Histopathological examination, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and GSH, the liver tissue levels of MDA and GSH, the activities of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were evaluated. PMBE treatment decreased the level of MDA and increased the cell viability, GSH content and CAT activity in H2O2 treated L-02 cells treated for 3 hours. PMBE obviously decreased serum ALT, AST, ALP, and liver tissue MDA, while increasing serum GSH, and liver tissue CAT and GSH-Px activities. In conclusion, PMBE treatment prevents H2O2 and CCl4 -induced liver damage, and therefore could have a potential clinical usage.
Methyl Gallate Inhibits the Production of Interleukin-6 and Nitric Oxide via Down-Regulation of Extracellular-Signal Regulated Protein Kinase in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Chae Hee-Sung , Kang Ok-Hwa , Choi Jang-Gi , Oh You-Chang , Lee Young-Seob , Brice Obiang-Obounou , Chong Myong-Soo , Lee Ki-Nam , Shin Dong-Won , Kwon Dong-Yeul
Published: September 2010

To determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methyl gallate (MG) isolated from Galla Rhois, MG was studied in vivo for its analgesic activities using the writhing response in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity of MG was evaluated for NO and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells. MG inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. Consistent with these observations, the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited by MG. Moreover, MG suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that MG has anti-inflammatory effects.
Tanshinone IIA Increases mRNA Expression of Efflux Transporters in Cultured Human Intestinal Cell
Authors: Yin Ying , Yang Min , Wang Yanhui , Liu Xuan , Wu Wanying , Guan Shuhong , Guo De-An , Cui Yajun , Jiang Baohong
Published: September 2010

Tanshinone IIA (TSNIIA) is the major active component of Salvia miltorrhiza, which is used in treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases traditionally in China. However, the low bioavailability of TSNIIA limits its clinical usage. To reveal the mechanism relating the absorption of TSNIIA, we detected the expression of efflux transporters in Caco-2 cells under the stimulation of TSNIIA. TSNIIA was purified and above 98% purity was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of nine efflux transporters including BCRP, hPepT1, MCT and MRP1-6 in Caco-2 were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the up-regulation of TSNIIA on the expression of these transporters was found by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that the low bioavailability of TSNIIA is partially due to its up-regulation on efflux transporters.
Two Antifungal Components Isolated from Fructus Psoraleae and Folium Eucalypti Globuli by Bioassay-Guided Purification
Authors: Lau Kit-Man , Fu Lai-Hong , Cheng Ling , Wong Chun-Wai , Wong Yin-Lai , Lau Ching-Po , Han Simon Quan-Bin , Chan Paul Kay-Sheung , Fung Kwok-Pui , Lau Clara Bik-San , Hui Mamie , Leung Ping-Chung
Published: September 2010

Fructus Psoraleae and Folium Eucalypti Globuli have long been used as Chinese medicines to treat various ailments such as asthma, eczema and dermatomycosis. In previous studies, their antifungal activities were demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to isolate active antidermatophytic compounds from their ethanolic extracts by means of bioassay-guided purification. Guided by the inhibitory activities on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Paecilomyces variotii, bakuchiol was isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Fructus Psoraleae whilst macrocarpal C was isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Folium Eucalypti Globuli. Both pure compounds could effectively inhibit the growth of dermatophytes in vitro. This is the first paper to report the isolation and identification of active antidermatophytic compounds from Fructus Psoraleae and Folium Eucalypti Globuli by the bioassay-guided purification.
EVA Financial Management at Godrej Consumer Products Ltd
Authors: Vishwanath S. R.
Published: September 2010

Adi Godrej, the chairman of Godrej group, has introduced an Economic Value Added (EVA) program to focus the company on long term shareholder value. The EVA program consists of three elements: EVA centers, EVA drivers and an EVA-based incentive program. The program has been successful in the initial years. The decision focus of the case is whether the program has indeed been successful in achieving its objectives in the long run.
European FDI for Emerging Market: The German Firm Strategy in Russia
Authors: Panibratov Andrei Yu.
Published: September 2010

This case focuses on the challenge of the Knauf Group strategy development for the Russian market. Knauf's active investment policy led to the growth of its brand recognition in the construction materials market and allowed for the creation of a strong premium brand. As a result, the company acquired a highly competitive position in the Russian market.

Management had plans to increase investment in Russia, especially in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. However, in the year 2005 the company got rid of one of its most successful businesses, the Pobeda Knauf Masonry Mill in Kolpino just outside of St. Petersburg. The decision to focus on the production of gypsum products and related materials was made.

Up to the moment of the sale of the Masonry Mill to a major Russian construction company LSR, the management of the factory had been conducted according to the same principles as were in force in Knauf's other businesses. The management focused on a strategy of quality, active marketing and improvement of the enterprise's organizational structure.

After twelve years of success in the Russian construction materials market, Knauf sold its successfullyfunctioning manufacturing facility to its direct competitor, the Lenstroyrekonstruktsiya Group. This might either be evidence of the fact that Knauf is aspiring to more narrowly define its core competency via staying away from non-core activities, or perhaps, is an indication of the loss of its control over its affiliates and the decrease of its competitive positions in the North-West market of the Russian Federation.
COMPARISON OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE DEEP TRUNK MUSCLES MEASURED USING INTRAMUSCULAR AND SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
Authors: OKUBO YU , KANEOKA KOJI , IMAI ATSUSHI , SHIINA ITSUO , TATSUMURA MASAKI , IZUMI SHIGEKI , MIYAKAWA SHUMPEI
Published: September 2010

Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used to estimate deep trunk muscle activity. However, it remains unknown whether surface EMG provides an accurate estimation of this activity. The purposes of this study were to compare surface and intramuscular EMG activity measurements and investigate the efficacy of surface EMG measurement for the transversus abdominis (TrA) and the multifidus (MF) muscles. Eight healthy men participated in the study. TrA and MF activities were simultaneously measured by both intramuscular and surface EMG during isometric trunk exercises. Spearman correlation coefficients for the relationship between the two activity measurements for the right TrA, left TrA, right MF, and left MF were 0.55, 0.36, 0.67, and 0.79, respectively. For the TrA, Bland–Altman plots revealed that mean differences between measurements obtained by intramuscular EMG and surface EMG were not close to zero, with a systematic bias toward higher surface EMG values. In conclusion, surface and intramuscular EMG activity measurements were strongly correlated for MF muscles, but poorly correlated for TrA muscles.
SIZE MATTERS: LARGE-SCALE REPLICATIONS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH FEARLUS
Authors: GOTTS NICHOLAS M. , POLHILL J. GARY
Published: September 2010

We report on replications of early experiments with FEARLUS, using larger numbers of agents, larger numbers of land parcels, and greater network connectivity than in the original work. We find that results from the larger-scale experiments differ from the smaller environments used previously. Whilst results from small communities of agents and environments should not be ignored just because the same effect is not observed in larger communities (and indeed vice versa), this work does raise the extent to which more general conclusions can be drawn from agent-based studies involving fixed population or environment sizes.
VOLATILITY IN THE CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS INDUSTRY — A SIMULATION BASED STUDY
Authors: SENGUPTA ABHIJIT , GLAVIN STEPHEN E.
Published: September 2010

The volatility in a CPG market is modeled using a bottom-up simulation approach and validated against disaggregated supermarket transactions data. The simulation uses independent agents, each agent representing unique households in the data. A simple behavioral model incorporates household preferences for product attributes and prices. Our validation strategy tests the model predictions at both macro and micro levels and benchmarks the performance in each against a random choice model. The model significantly outperforms the benchmark at both levels. At the macro level, choices made by heterogenous agents accurately captures the volatility in market shares over time. This accuracy at the macro level is driven by the accuracy of predictions at the micro household level SKU and attribute choice.
'WHAT DID YOU SAY?' EMERGENT COMMUNICATION IN A MULTI-AGENT SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
Authors: MARCHIONE ELIO , SALGADO MAURICIO , GILBERT NIGEL
Published: September 2010

This paper reports the results of a multi-agent simulation designed to study the emergence and evolution of symbolic communication. The novelty of this model is that it considers some interactional and spatial constraints to this process that have been disregarded by previous research. The model is used to give an account of the implications of differences in the agents' behavior, which are embodied in a spatial environment. Two communicational dimensions are identified: the frequency with which agents refer to different topics over time and the spatial limitations on reaching recipients. We use the model to point out some interesting emergent communicational properties when the agents' behavior is altered by considering those two dimensions. We show the group of agents able to reach more recipients and less prone to changing the topic have the highest likelihood of driving the emergence and evolution of symbolic communication.
Codoped Spacer Ratio Effect on Electroluminescence Characteristics of Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes for Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off
Authors: Seo Ji Hoon , Park Jung Sun , Lee Seok Jae , Seo Bo Min , Lee Kum Hee , Park Jung Keun , Yoon Seung Soo , Kim Young Kwan
Published: September 2010

We demonstrated hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (HWOLEDs) using 1,4-bis{2-[7-N-diphenyamino-2-(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)]vinyl} benzene as the fluorescent blue emitter and iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinoline) acetylacetonate as the phosphorescent red emitter. We also investigated the codoped spacer ratio (CSR) effects of 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) and 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBI) on the electroluminescence characteristics of HWOLEDs. The optimized HWOLED with a CSR of 1:3 (TCTA:TPBI) exhibited a lower efficiency roll-off of 32% than the control device (67%) with a CSR of 1:1 (TCTA:TPBI). The HWOLED also showed a current efficiency of 12.76 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency of 6.95%, and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.38,0.39) at 1000 cd/m2.
Temperature Dependence of Magnetocapacitance in n-AlGaAs/GaAs Selectively Doped Heterojunction with InGaAs Quantum Dots
Authors: Kawazu Takuya , Sakaki Hiroyuki
Published: September 2010

The magnetocapacitance between a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and a gate electrode has been studied in a selectively doped n-AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction in which InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) are embedded in the vicinity of a GaAs channel. By comparing the experimental results with a resistive plate model, we have estimated the frequency f dependence of the bulk conductance σ
x
x
of the 2DEG in a quantum Hall regime and found that σ
x
x
is well fitted by the form σdc + A
f

S
. We have also examined σdc, A, and S as functions of temperature T. It was found that the dc part σdc is well described as σ0exp
[-(T
0/T)2] in the conduction of variable range hopping. It was also found that A is proportional to T

n
(n ∼6.4), while S behaves as 1 - C
T (C ∼1.35), which can be explained by the pair approximation.
The Solution by Iteration of a Composed K‐Positive Definite Operator Equation in a Banach Space
Authors: Aneke S. J.
Published: September 2010

The equation
Lu = f, where L = A + B , with A being a K‐positive definite operator and B being a linear operator, is solved in a Banach space. Our scheme provides a generalization to the so‐called method of moments studied in a Hilbert space by Petryshyn (1962), as well as Lax and Milgram (1954). Furthermore,
an application of the inverse function theorem provides simultaneously a general solution to this
equation in some neighborhood of a point xo, where L is Fréchet differentiable and an iterative scheme which converges strongly to the unique solution of this equation.
Hard X-Ray Focusing with Curved Reflective Multilayers
Authors: Morawe Christian , Osterhoff Markus
Published: September 2010

This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the utilization of curved graded multilayer coatings as focusing elements for hard X-rays. It concentrates on the Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) focusing setup that has been developed at 3rd generation synchrotron sources worldwide. The optical performance of these devices is evaluated applying analytical and numerical approaches. The essential role of the multilayer coating and its meridional d-spacing gradient are discussed as well as important technological issues. Experimental data and examples of operational KB focusing devices and applications complement the work.
Synchronization of Chaotic Fractional‐Order WINDMI Systems via Linear State Error Feedback Control
Authors: Xin Baogui , Chen Tong , Liu Yanqin
Published: September 2010

We propose a fractional‐order WINDMI system, as a generalization of an integer‐order system developed by Sprott (2003). The considered synchronization scheme consists of identical master and slave fractional‐order WINDMI systems coupled by linear state error variables. Based on the stability theory of nonlinear fractional‐order systems, linear state error feedback control technique is applied to achieve chaos synchronization, and a linear control law is derived analytically to achieve synchronization of the chaotic fractional‐order WINDMI system. Numerical simulations validate the main results of this work.
Can Women’s Structures Help New Zealand and UK Trade Unions’ Revival?
Authors: Parker Jane , Douglas Julie
Published: September 2010

In recent decades, UK and New Zealand unions have tried valiantly to counter dwindling membership and political clout. However, their revival strategies have stemmed, rather than convincingly reversed, such measures of union decline. This study draws on national survey, interviews, union documentation and website material from New Zealand and the UK to compare the extent and nature of a relationship between the activities of collective structures for women within unions and unions’ revival efforts. It emerges that, mediated by context, women’s structures positively contribute to union revival strategies in both countries. Further, this occurs not just in terms of quantitative and external outcomes, but also in the qualitative processes of engaging members. The findings inform a discussion of future directions for revival strategies and of the adequacy of union vitality gauges themselves.
Workers’ Industrial Militancy and Dependency Upon the State: The Paradox of Industrial Relations in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Sek Hong  , Lee Grace O. M.
Published: September 2010

This article examines how industrial relations have evolved during the last 10 years since Hong Kong became a special administrative region (SAR) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). There have been recent signs that Hong Kong workers may seek to more vigorously defend their collective interests and articulate their demands for protecting their wages and employment conditions. This was illustrated recently by an almost unprecedented case of worker militancy waged by the bar benders in a declining branch of the building and construction industry. This article examines the degree to which this case exemplifies the post-1997 industrial relations in Hong Kong, and suggests that the SAR administration should pay greater attention to the grassroot grievances among workers in Hong Kong.
The public’s trust in scientific claims regarding offshore oil drilling
Authors: Carlisle Juliet E. , Feezell Jessica T. , Michaud Kristy E.H. , Smith Eric R. A. N. , Smith Leeanna
Published: September 2010

Our study examines how individuals decide which scientific claims and experts to believe when faced with competing claims regarding a policy issue. Using an experiment in a public opinion survey, we test the source content and credibility hypotheses to assess how much confidence people have in reports about scientific studies of the safety of offshore oil drilling along the California coast. The results show that message content has a substantial impact. People tend to accept reports of scientific studies that support their values and prior beliefs, but not studies that contradict them. Previous studies have shown that core values influence message acceptance. We find that core values and prior beliefs have independent effects on message acceptance. We also find that the sources of the claims make little difference. Finally, the public leans toward believing reports that oil drilling is riskier than previously believed.
A Convenient Approach to the Synthesis of Different Types of Schiff’s Bases and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Pradhan Kiran , Selvaraj Kaliaperumal , Nanda Ashis K
Published: September 2010

Various metal complexes derived from different Schiff bases are conveniently prepared using solvent-free condensation reactions in one-pot synthesis, resulting in significantly enhanced yields. Initial calorimetric studies, and/or TGA of reaction mixtures, led to better optimization of reaction conditions. The ligands like imines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, and nitrones are also synthesized by this method; thus this process is general and expedient.
Novel meta-Selective Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Phenylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Kawakami Yoshiteru , Kabe Yoshio
Published: September 2010

The Friedel–Crafts acylation of octaphenylsilsesquioxane (T8Ph8) (1) with Cl2CHOCH3 or CH3COCl at low temperature followed by subsequent hydrolysis provided the octakis(m-acylphenyl)octasilsesquioxanes (T8(C6H4R-m)8); R = CHO (2a) and R = COCH3 (2b) in high yields. The remarkable meta-selectivity of 2a and 2b in more than 99:1 and 93:7 meta/para ratios was confirmed by 1H NMR and X-ray analyses, and further elucidated via theoretical calculations.
An Efficient Copper-mediated 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pyrazolidinone-based Dipoles to Terminal Alkynes to Produce N,N-Bicyclic Pyrazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: Oishi Takamichi , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: September 2010

A simple dinuclear copper complex [Cu(μ-OH)(tmen)]2Cl2 (tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) could act as an effective precatalyst for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazolidinone-based dipoles to terminal alkynes to produce the corresponding N,N-bicyclic pyrazolidinone derivatives.
Depressão entre estudantes de dois cursos de enfermagem: autoavaliação da saúde e fatores associados
Authors: Furegato Antonia Regina Ferreira , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Silva Edilaine Cristina da
Published: September 2010

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de depressão, auto-avaliação da saúde e fatores associados entre estudantes de enfermagem. Pesquisa realizada em Ribeirão Preto com estudantes do 2º ano de 2 cursos de graduação. Instrumentos: Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil; Inventário de Depressão de Beck; Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida. Respeitou-se os procedimentos éticos. Dados analisados bi e multivariada. Nos 114 sujeitos predominam mulheres e solteiros. Entre os 65 do Bacharelado predominam níveis econômicos A2, B1 e B2, 69,6% não trabalham, 32% abaixo dos 20 anos de idade. Nos 49 da Licenciatura predominam níveis B2 e C, 75,8% têm trabalho remunerado, 32,6% estão acima dos 25 anos. Depressão presente em 15,4% no Bacharelado e 28,6% na Licenciatura. Decresce a depressão conforme cresce o nível econômico na Licenciatura. Auto-avaliação mental ao estudante e curso em que está matriculado tiveram as razões de prevalência significativas para depressão. Resultados compatíveis com estudos de depressão entre jovens.
Envelhecimento, estratégias de enfrentamento do idoso e repercussões na família
Authors: Horta Ana Lúcia de Moraes , Ferreira Denise Cristina de Oliveira , Zhao Li Men
Published: September 2010

Trata-se de estudo qualitativo para conhecer a percepção de idosos, usuários de Unidade Básica de Saúde de São Paulo, sobre envelhecimento, estratégias de enfrentamento e repercussões na família. Foram realizadas, de setembro de 2007 a julho de 2008, entrevistas com três idosos, de 71 a 90 anos. Os participantes responderam às perguntas da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Ecomapa, Genograma e modelo Calgary. Com análise de conteúdo de Bardin, encontramos três categorias percebendo o momento do ciclo vital; sofrendo as repercussões deste momento; enfrentando o envelhecimento e a velhice. Acreditamos na continuidade de estudos que busquem estratégias com idosos e famílias na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade de vida e dinâmica familiar com inclusão de entretenimento, segundo possibilidade da comunidade.
Papel do enfermeiro da atenção básica de saúde na abordagem ao dependente de drogas em João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
Authors: Rosenstock Karelline Izaltemberg Vasconcelos , Neves Maria José das
Published: September 2010

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família em João Pessoa, PB, brasil. O objetivo foi investigar o papel destes enfermeiros na abordagem aos dependentes de drogas, analisando estratégias de cuidados básicos de enfermagem aplicados a estes usuários. A seleção para participar do estudo seguiu o critério de aceitação. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semi-estruturada, priorizando a fala dos participantes. Constatou-se a carência na formação profissional dos enfermeiros em relação à dependência de drogas, restringindo suas ações ao encaminhamento dos usuários a serviços mais especializados em saúde mental. Deve-se redefinir a atenção, colocando um novo paradigma de saúde como direito e construção social comunitária, a partir de uma visão globalizante dos processos de interação social.
Autonomia profissional em um desenho atômico: representações sociais de enfermeiros
Authors: Gomes Antonio Marcos Tosoli , Oliveira Denize Cristina de
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a representação social da autonomia profissional construída por enfermeiros de saúde pública. O referencial teórico metodológico foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizou-se, entre janeiro e marco de 2002, entrevistas em profundidade com 30 enfermeiros de um município do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram analisados pelo software Alceste. Os resultados apontaram o desenho da autonomia profissional fundamentado em características dos profissionais (responsabilidade e equilíbrio) e a programação em saúde como um espaço importante à construção da autonomia. Conclui-se que o processo de autonomia está em construção e destaca-se a existência de sua representação.
Leucocitúria em pacientes submetidas a quimioterapia e coleta de urina
Authors: Silva Sueli Riul da , Nascimento Talita Garcia do
Published: September 2010

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a freqüência de leucocitúria em portadoras de câncer ginecológico em quimioterapia (QT) e avaliar as práticas na coleta de urina para exame. Pesquisa descritiva, transversal realizada com mulheres portadoras de câncer ginecológico, durante seções de QT. Com entrevista semi-estruturada foi identificada técnica da coleta de urina e verificados os resultados dos exames realizados antes das seções de QT. Das 30 entrevistadas, 80% relataram coletar corretamente urina, 100% apresentaram pelo menos um erro durante o processo. A frequência de leucocitúria foi de 30 episódios. Os erros ocorreram principalmente na higienização genital e coleta do jato urinário. Infere-se que a forma errônea na coleta de urina somada a neutropenia sejam responsáveis pela leucocitúria.
Fundamentos filosóficos e teóricos para novas concepções do cuidar em enfermagem: contribuição da sociopoética
Authors: Santos Iraci dos , Alves Aila Cristina dos Santos , Silva Fabíola Soares , Penna Lucia Helena Garcia , Alvin Neide Aparecida Titonelli
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho identifica a aplicação de princípios filosóficos e fundamentos teóricos da sociopoética em novas concepções do cuidar. Revisão sistemática de 30 trabalhos científicos. Categorias delimitadas: Dialogicidade no cuidar como instrumento tecnológico; Cuidar em enfermagem como tecnologia não invasiva. Nas novas concepções do cuidar, o cliente é o principal alvo do trabalho em enfermagem. Concluiu-se que os fundamentos da sociopoética foram aplicados revelando uma perspectiva onde a ética do cuidar, traduzida no respeito aos clientes e aos seus saberes para o autocuidado, conduz à autonomia e à solidariedade entre estes e os profissionais. A sociopoética, como método de pesquisa e prática social, revela aspectos orientadores de uma nova perspectiva a ser desenvolvida no cuidar em enfermagem.
Reflexões sobre a assistência de enfermagem prestada à parturiente
Authors: Velho Manuela Beatriz , Oliveira Maria Emília de , Santos Evanguelia Kotzias Atherino dos
Published: September 2010

Pesquisa bibliográfica com objetivo de identificar estado da arte da produção publicada sobre atuação da enfermeira obstétrica no processo do nascimento, contribuir para futuras investigações e auxiliar nas reflexões sobre esta temática. Levantamento bibliográfico no LILACS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO. Descritores utilizados: enfermeiras obstétricas, trabalho de parto, parto, assistência de Enfermagem. Selecionados 05 trabalhos, posteriormente catalogados em fichas bibliográficas. Temas selecionados: regulamentação da profissão; atendimento; assistência prestada; vínculo estabelecido; ações educativas; atividades administrativas; dificuldades. Embora os estudos reconheçam esta profissional como capacitada, respaldada legalmente, prestando assistência humanizada, resgatando o parto normal, proporcionando dignidade, segurança e autonomia à parturiente, muito ainda precisa ser escrito para que a mesma adquira autonomia e respeito ético-legal por parte dos profissionais de saúde e clientela.
Saúde mental na atenção primária: necessária constituição de competências
Authors: Neves Hilton Giovani , Lucchese Roselma , Munari Denize Bouttelet
Published: September 2010

Um grande desafio aos serviços e profissionais de saúde é atender integralmente pessoas/famílias, criando espaços para a atenção à saúde mental no nível primário. Neste trabalho temos como objetivo refletir sobre a necessidade de constituição de novos saberes/fazeres para atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária, na perspectiva do referencial de competência. Ensaio elaborado a partir da constatação de pressupostos históricos que contextualizam a Estratégia de Saúde da Família e sua interface com os princípios da atenção psicossocial e algumas implicações na formação do enfermeiro diante dos propósitos teóricos do desenvolvimento de competência. Consideramos que para transformação da realidade com melhoria da atenção à saúde é preciso constituição de saberes/fazeres sincronizados com a atenção psicossocial e diretrizes do SUS.
Ensino de oncologia na formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Calil Ana Maria , Prado Cláudia
Published: September 2010

Trata-se de um artigo reflexivo acerca da necessidade de introdução da disciplina de oncologia nas Escolas de Graduação em Enfermagem em nosso meio. Tem como objetivos pensar a disciplina de oncologia no currículo de graduação em enfermagem, pontuando aspectos relevantes de sua inserção, considerando a capacitação e qualificação profissional, a necessidade do mercado de trabalho, o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro e uma formação reflexiva e crítica acerca das competências profissionais do enfermeiro. Pontua-se também o papel do desenvolvimento tecnológico contribuindo nessa formação e educação de novos profissionais de saúde.