bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2016 Archaeological Investigations at the T. M. Sanders Site (41LR2), Lamar County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy , Nelson Bo , Walters Mark
Published: July 2018

On March 4th and 5th, 2016, Bo Nelson and Mark Walters returned to the T. M. Sanders site (41LR2) to inspect the property after Julia Trigg Crawford, the main landowner of the site, informed us that the fields at the site had been prepped for this year ’s planting. This article summarizes the findings from these archaeological investigations, which also included the surface examination of the 40 acres of the Sanders site owned by the Sanders family.

The Sanders site is a large and impressive ancestral Caddo mound center and village situated on an alluvial terrace (450 ft. amsl) at the mouth of Bois d’Arc Creek and the Red River (Figure 1). The Sanders site was first investigated by archaeologists from the University of Texas in 1931 (Chelf 1939; Jackson 2000; Jackson et al. 2000; Krieger 1946, 2000; Pearce and Jackson 1931), where the work concentrated on the excavation of a number of burial features in Mound No. 1 or the East Mound, the trenching of Mound No. 2 or the West Mound, and the trenching of thick midden deposits that were present between the two mounds. The collections from this work are at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. Members of the Dallas Archeological Society excavated burial features and obtained surface collections in the 1940s-1950s (Hanna 1950; Harris 1953; Housewright 1940) from the Sanders site. R. King Harris, in particular, amassed a large collection of artifacts from the Sanders site that are now held by the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution (Perttula et al. 2015).

Other than a number of bioarchaeological studies of the human remains from the East Mound burial features (Hamilton 1997; Maples 1962; Wilson 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997; Wilson and Cargill 1993), there were no professional archaeological investigations conducted at the Sanders site again until 2011, when survey and/or test excavations were carried out in the proposed right-of-ways for the Keystone pipeline where they crossed non-mound habitation areas (Acuna et al. 2011; Perttula and Marceaux 2011; Peyton 2013). This work renewed attention to the significance of the Caddo archaeological deposits at the Sanders site, including both mound and non-mound areas, and with the permission of the Crawford family and the Sanders family, periodic archaeological and geophysical investigations have been conducted across much of the 200+ acres of the Sanders site since 2013 (Perttula 2013; Perttula et al. 2014, 2015, 2016; Perttula and Nelson 2016; Walker and Perttula 2016). The 2016 work represents a continuation of this effort.
Early Sixteenth Century Caddo Population Distributions
Authors: Perttula Timothy
Published: July 2018

Milner’s (2015:Figure 2.1) summary of the distribution of Native American population aggregates in eastern North America in the early sixteenth century depicts much of the southern Caddo area (of southwestern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, southeastern Oklahoma, and East Texas) as being sparsely settled or uninhabited in the early sixteenth century. Rather, as attested to by many years of archaeological investigations of a variety of Caddo sites across the southern Caddo area, as well as the 1542 accounts of the de Soto-Moscoso entrada, the distribution and density of Caddo farming groups and communities reached its full and peak extent at around this time.
METHODS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATISTIC PROCESSING OF DATA APPLIED TO FIND REGULARITIES IN THE COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN SIBERIAN AND FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICTS
Authors: Meshkov I. O. , Revyakina O. V. , Krasnov V. A. , Shvarts Ya. Sh. , Petrenko T. I.
Published: July 2018

The article presents results of multi-dimensional analysis of 83 rates, calculated on the basis of federal and sectoral reports on tuberculosis in 21 regions of Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, which were collected from 2006 to 2016. For statistic processing of data, a distance matrix was used with its consecutive analysis by principal coordinates analysis, which allowed detecting the closest correlations between rates. It has been proved that main factors of successful tuberculosis control are the following: improvement of the organizational quality of treatment and diagnostics, provision with qualified medical personnel, early detection through expansion of coverage of population with fluorography screening. The principal coordinates method also allowed performing a multilateral evaluation of epidemic situation in all regions and defining the ones with the most favorable tuberculosis situation.
ASSOCIATION OF GENE TRL2 POLYMORPHISM WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN THE POPULATION OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Varzar A. M. , Tudor E. M. , Suruchanu I. , Vladey Yu. , Korlotyanu A. , Аksentiy E. , Illig T.
Published: July 2018

.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF NEW CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS FOR TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH EXTENSIVE DRUG RESISTANCE
Authors: Vasilyeva I. A. , Samoylova A. G. , Rudakova A. V. , Lovacheva O. V. , Glebov K. A. , Chernousova L. N.
Published: July 2018

The article presents economic feasibility evaluation for using high-priced drugs in the regimens for treatment of tuberculosis patients with extensive drug resistance.

Subjects and Methods. Treatment efficiency was evaluated in 175 tuberculosis patients with extensive drug resistance, treated by four different regimens, including third line drugs and without them; the economic impact of each regimen was evaluated. Two types of pharmaco-economic analysis were used: costs – effectiveness and budget impact analysis.

Results of the study. Despite the significant costs of regimens containing moxifloxacin, linezolid, and bedaquiline, the co-efficient of costs – effectiveness turned out to be the lowest. When using models for comparing costs and losses over 5 year period of XDR TB patients treatment it was found out that regimens containing moxifloxacin, linezolid and bedaquiline possessed significant economic predominance which required major investment at the initial stages of introduction, and by the end providing savings from 46.3 to 65.3% of the budget compared to the regimens without these drugs. The obtained results provide the evidence that use of regimens containing new highly effective drugs (moxifloxacin, linezolid and bedaquiline) in rational combinations with basic and reserve drugs, prescribed with consideration of drug resistance profile allow achieving the significant economic effect.
The role of erythropoietins in cancer therapy
Authors: Kondratieva O. E. , Abramov M. E. , Vyshinskaya G. V. , Gutorov S. L. , Borisova E. I. , Cherniglazova E. V.
Published: July 2018

Anemia is a common hematological complication in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Reduction of hemoglobin level is accompanied by a significant deterioration in the patients’ life quality. A transfusion of erythrocyte mass is used to rapidly increase the hemoglobin level in case of development of a symptomatic anemia. However, a large range of risks limit the wide use of blood transfusions. Erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins are the drugs that reduce the need for blood transfusions. Treatment with erythropoietins provides a smooth and prolonged rise in the hemoglobin level, the release of fully functional red blood cells into the blood. The use of erythropoietins can significantly improve the quality of life of cancer patients without reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
Clinical end pharmacoeconomic aspects of neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Kostorov V. A. , Semiglazova T. Yu. , Pavlysh A. V.
Published: July 2018

Achievement of complete Pathomorphologic Response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer significantly improves long-term treatment outcome. Correlation between pCR and long-term treatment outcome is strongest in HER2-positive breast cancer; this data clearly supports use of double HER2-blockade in neoadjuvant breast cancer therapy. However, the high cost of targeted drugs requires pharmacoecomomic assessments for choosing of the most optimal treatment course.
Palbociclib in the first line combination hormone therapy of HER2- negative metastatic hormone-dependent breast cancer. Clinical follow-up
Authors: Frolova M. A. , Glazkova E. B. , Stenina M. B.
Published: July 2018

According with the present-day ideas, sequential lines of hormone therapy including those in patients with visceral metastases and multiple lesions form the basis of the treatment of HER2-negative metastatic hormone-dependent breast cancer. These measures make it possible to exercise the long-term control of the disease and maintain a good quality of life. In recent years, the clinical practice comprises the next-generation drugs that potentiate the effect of hormone therapy. These include cyclindependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors. Palbociclib (Ibransa, Pfizer) is the first representative of this class approved in Russia for the treatment of disseminated hormone-dependent breast cancer. The PALOMA-2 study demonstrated the high efficacy of the palbociclib combined with letrozole as a first-line hormone therapy. In the palbociclib and letrozole combination arm, the median time to progression was 27,6 months compared to 14,5 months in the letrozole monotherapy arm (p <0,001). The presented clinical case demonstrates the possibility of long-term successful control of the disease using palbociclib combined with letrozole hormone therapy.
The incidence of skin melanoma in the Russian Federation and federal districts
Authors: Malishevskaya N. P. , Sokolova A. V. , Demidov L. V.
Published: July 2018

Over the past 40 years, the incidence of skin melanoma in the world has increased approximately 3-fold.

To study the current epidemiological situation of skin melanoma in the Russian Federation, data on the absolute, coarse and standardized incidence rates of melanoma (S43) in the male and female populations were analyzed. The specific gravity of the melanoma patients detected actively was analyzed at different stages of the tumor process who died within the first year since the diagnosis was established between 2006–2016.

The incidence of skin melanoma in the Russian population is characterized by a constant increase of indexes, the average annual rate of increase in the incidence of the Russian Federation’s population of melanoma is 2 times higher than that of the general oncological morbidity. A higher average annual rate and a general increase in the incidence of SM is recorded in the male population. Only every 4th patient in the RF is detected actively, despite the fact that melanoma is a tumor of visual localization. In general, only one third of patients with skin melanoma (32.8%) are diagnosed in the first stage of the tumor process in the Russian Federation. Over the period from 2006 to 2016 in Russia, the indicators of neglect on skin melanoma significantly decreased by 40.6%, however they remain at an unacceptably high level. The index of the first-year lethality from skin melanoma in Russia for the period from 2006 to 2016 decreased by 26.01%.

To improve the index of active detection of patients with SM, especially in the early stages, it is necessary to create a system for interaction of primary contact physicians with the patient (dermatovenerologists, cosmetologists, therapists) with the oncological service, the formation of on-alertness among physicians of all specialties, and among the population.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan ve Normal Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Üç Boyutlu Animasyon ve Canlı İnsan Model Video Materyalleri Üzerinde Yüz İşlemelerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Töret Gökhan , Özdemir Selda , Gürel Selimoğlu Ömür
Published: July 2018

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB)
olan çocuklar yüz işleme becerilerinde önemli sınırlılıklar sergilemektedirler.
Bu çalışmada, bilgisayar ekranı aracılığıyla
izletilen üç boyutlu (3B) animasyon karakteri ile canlı model tarafından öykü anlatımı
içerikli video sunumunun OSB olan çocuklar ile normal gelişim gösteren
çocukların yüz işleme becerileri değişkenleri olan  toplam
odaklanma süreleri ve b) toplam ziyaret süreleri üzerindeki
etkilerinin
göz izleme yöntemi ile karşılaştırılarak
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, 5-12 yaş aralığında bulunan 23
normal gelişim gösteren ve 21 OSB olan çocuk oluşturmuştur. Araştırma
sonucunda, normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara göre, OSB olan çocukların insan
yüzüne odaklanmaları üzerinde video modeli ile karşılaştırıldığında 3B
animasyon modeli aracılığıyla sunulan öykü anlatımı lehine etkileri olduğu ve
3B animasyon kullanımında OSB olan çocukların insan yüzlerine daha fazla
odaklandıkları bulgulanmıştır. Bu bulguların yanı sıra, OSB olan çocukların,
normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara oranla sıra dışı yüz işleme becerilerine
sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, OSB olan çocuklarda yüz işleme
becerileri ve müdahale uygulamalarına olası yansımaları bağlamında alan yazında var
olan ilgili araştırmalar çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve ileride yapılacak
araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MABADI KHAIRA UMMAH DI SMK MAARIF 2 GOMBONG
Authors: Chamidi Agus Salim
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This research is done for looking for formula of mabadi khaira ummah as a matter of character education in SMK Maarif 2 Gombong. Mabadi khaira ummah itself is concept and values of building good society resulted by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Research want to know how to manage mabadi khaira ummahal. Research is qualitative with interview, investigation, and documentation, and also combining snowball sampling and purposive sampling techniques which the headmaster as the first informant and then some persons as informants. The research is done on April-August 2014 and turn to be checked on August-September 2017. Results of research are that mabadi khaira ummah is managed by headmaster of SMK Maarif 2 Gombong, not only in a specific lesson but also in some activities of school regularly, and that the headmaster also leads and moves all components managementally. The other result is that this research can build a pattern of management of education.

 

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti rumusan mabadi khaira ummah sebagai sebuah materi pendidikan karakter di SMK Maarif 2 Gombong. Mabadi khaira ummah itu sendiri merupakan konsep dan nilai-nilai tentang membangun masyarakat yang baik yang dihasilkan oleh Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Penelitian ingin mengetahui bagaimana manajemen mabadi khaira ummahal. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi, dan juga menggabungkan teknik sampling snowball dan purposive sampling dengan kepala sekolah sebagai informan pertama dan kemudian sejumlah orang sebagai informan. Penelitian dilakukan April-Agustus 2014 dan kembali diteliti untuk penguatan pada Agustus-September 2017. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa mabadi khaira ummah itu dikelola oleh Kepala SMK Maarif 2 Gombong, tidak hanya dalam mata pelajaran khusus tetapi juga dalam sejumlah kegiatan sekolah secara regular, dan bahwa kepala sekolah juga memimpin dan menggerakkan seluruh komponen sekolah secara manajerial. Hasil lain adalah bahwa penelitian ini dapat membangun suatu pola manajemen pendidikan.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Protein 3 (STAT3): An Update on its Direct Inhibitors as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gelain Arianna , Mori Matteo , Meneghetti Fiorella , Villa Stefania
Published: July 2018

Background:

Since Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which plays an important role in multiple aspects of cancer, including progression and migration, and it is constitutively activated in various human tumors, STAT3 inhibition has emerged as a validated strategy for the treatment of several malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the identification of new promising direct inhibitors targeting STAT3 domains, as potential anticancer agents.

Methods:

A thorough literature search focused on recently reported STAT3 direct inhibitors was undertaken. We considered the relevant developments regarding the STAT3 domains, which have been identified as potential drug targets.

Results:

In detail, 135 peer-reviewed papers and 7 patents were cited; the inhibitors we took into account targeted the DNA binding domain (compounds were grouped into natural derivatives, small molecules, peptides, aptamers and oligonucleotides), the SH2 binding domain (natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds) and specific residues, like cysteines (natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic compounds and dual inhibitors) and tyrosine 705.

Conclusion:

The huge number of direct STAT3 inhibitors recently identified demonstrates a strong interest in the investigation of this target, although it represents a challenging task considering that no drug targeting this enzyme is currently available for anticancer therapy. Notably, many studies on the available inhibitors evidenced that some of them possess a dual mechanism of action.
Recent Advances in Drug Repurposing for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Xin , Gumina Giuseppe , Virga Kristopher G.
Published: July 2018

:

As a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mostly affects older people, Parkinson’s disease is a growing health threat to our ever-aging population. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of this disease, all therapeutics currently available only act to improve symptoms but cannot stop the disease progression. Therefore, it is essential that more effective drug discovery methods and approaches are developed, validated, and used for the discovery of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, or the process of finding new uses for existing or abandoned pharmaceuticals, has been recognized as a cost-effective and timeefficient way to develop new drugs, being equally promising as de novo drug discovery in the field of neurodegeneration and, more specifically for Parkinson’s disease. The availability of several established libraries of clinical drugs and fast evolvement in disease biology, genomics and bioinformatics has stimulated the momentums of both in silico and activity-based drug repurposing. With the successful clinical introduction of several repurposed drugs for Parkinson’s disease, drug repurposing has now become a robust alternative approach to the discovery and development of novel drugs for this disease. In this review, recent advances in drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease will be discussed.
Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hanikoglu Aysegul , Ozben Hakan , Hanikoglu Ferhat , Ozben Tomris
Published: July 2018

:

Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer
therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers.
In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than
cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative
stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells
are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor
cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic
drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects.
Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer
therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages
due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic
agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs
which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses
two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis
and hybrid anticancer drugs.
Role of Topological, Electronic, Geometrical, Constitutional and Quantum Chemical Based Descriptors in QSAR: mPGES-1 as a Case Study
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Kumar Virender , Aparoy Polamarasetty
Published: July 2018

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) is one of the widely used ligand based
drug design strategies. Although a number of QSAR studies have been reported, debates over the limitations
and accuracy of QSAR models are at large. In this review the applicability of various classes of
molecular descriptors in QSAR has been explained. Protocol for QSAR model development and validation
is presented. Here we discuss a case study on 7-Phenyl-imidazoquinolin-4(5H)-one derivatives as
potent mPGES-1 inhibitors to identify crucial physicochemical properties responsible for mPGES-1 inhibition.
The case study explains the methodology for QSAR analysis, validation of the developed models
and role of diverse classes of molecular descriptors in defining the inhibitory activity of considered inhibitors.
Various molecular descriptors derived from 2D/3D structure and quantum mechanics were considered
in the study. Initially, QSAR models for the training set compounds were developed individually
for each class of molecular descriptors. Further, a combined QSAR model was developed using the best
descriptor from all the classes. The models obtained were further validated using an external test set.
Combined QSAR model exhibited the best correlation (r = 0.80) between the predicted and experimental
biological activities of test set compounds. The results of the QSAR analysis were further backed by
docking studies. From the results of the case study it is evident that rather than a single class of molecular
descriptors, a combination of molecular descriptors belonging to different classes significantly improves
the QSAR predictions. The techniques and protocol discussed in the present work might be of significant
importance while developing QSAR models of various drug targets.
Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Angiogenesis by Blocking the VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Niu Guoping , Sun Li , Pei Yunfeng , Wang Duping
Published: July 2018

Background:

Angiogenesis is a crucial process that regulated by multiple intracellular signaling
pathways including MEK/ERK and JNK/SAPK. Thus, many inhibitors have developed to these pathways as
anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoic acid compound that
present in various herbal medicines. It has been used as antitumor agent for various cancers including colorectal
cancer (CRC), which attenuates angiogenesis.

Objective:

To study the molecular mechanism of OA suppressing angiogenesis.

Method:

The proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by MTT and
the invasion and migration of them were measured by wound-healing Assay, transwell migration assay and tube
formation assay. The xenograft mouse model was used to study the effect of OA blocking angiogenesis in vivo.
The Western blot was used to checked the phosphorylation of VEGFR2.

Results:

OA attenuates HUVECs invasion, migration, tube formation and vascular sprouting. Moreover, OA
suppresses HUVECs sprout and tube formation. Importantly, OA also blocks angiogenesis in HUVECs and
colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) both in vitro and in vivo. OA-dependent suppression of tumor angiogenesis
mediated by blocking the phosphorylation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) that
results in inhibition of MEK/ERK/JNK pathway.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that inhibition of tumor angiogenesis via the suppression VEGFR2 phosphorylation
may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which OA exerts its anti-cancer effect.
Radio-Modulatory Potential of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester: A Therapeutic Perspective
Authors: Anjaly Km , Tiku Ashu B.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Use of natural agents is an upcoming area of research in cancer biology. Caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE) has received great attention because of its therapeutic potential in various conditions
including cancer. It is an active/abundant component of propolis, a honey bee hive product produced by bees using
their enzyme-rich digestive secretions on resinous mix, bee wax and pollen from plants. It is used to protect the
beehive against bacteria and other infections. Therefore a literature survey was done to understand the therapeutic
potential of this compound. Although a lot of work has been done on chemotherapeutic aspects of CAPE and many
reviews were available, yet its role as a radiomodulator was not clear.

Objective:

The objective of the review was to collect data on role of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as radioprotector
and /or sensitizer to evaluate its potential as modulator of radiation effects during cancer therapy.

Methods:

For literature survey, Pubmed and Google search engines were used. Data were collected up to August
2017. PubMed advanced search builder showed 845 papers on CAPE. This search was further narrowed down to
synthesis, bioavailability, CAPE derivatives, radioprotective and radiosensitizing effects of CAPE.

Results:

This review focused on the differential radiomodulatory effects of CAPE in normal and cancer cells.
Besides chemistry and bioavailability, it’s potential as a therapeutic agent against radiation induced damage was also
evaluated.

Conclusion:

CAPE was found to act both as radioprotector and radiosensitizer. Depending on the tissue type it can
modulate the radiation response by following different mechanisms.
“Good Fashion is Evolution, Not Revolution” - Methods to Enhance Existing Anticancer Medicines, Primarily with the Use of Transition Metal
Authors: Guzowska Magdalena , Kalinowska Monika , Lewandowski Wlodzimierz
Published: July 2018

The constant search for successful cancer therapies lasts for decades. Apart from the huge scientific
effort and enormous sum of spent money, only a small amount of newly developed medicines move into clinical
use (only 94 registered anticancer drugs in the last 12 years). Anticancer regimes are still overcome by drugs
invented over 50 years ago such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. Significant progress in the development of improved
anticancer drugs was made due to multiple studies on the relationship between the molecular structure of
chemical compounds and their cytostatic activity. A number of ligands (mainly organic) with quite effective
anticancer properties are known, but they show insufficient activity, selectivity and multidrug resistance. Formation
of transition metal – ligand complexes (with proven anticancer effect) changes the properties of the latter.
The factors that affect the cytotoxic properties of metal complexes are: the type of ligand and metal, the nature
of the connection between metal and ligand, and the distribution of electronic charge density in the formed
complexes. Here, we report the recent efforts to improve existing compounds with confirmed anticancer activity.
They seem to be unappreciated as their effects appear to be less spectacular than that of targeted anticancer
drugs (i.e. based on antibodies or small RNAs).
Simultaneous Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking and Laser In situ Keratomileusis for the Treatment of High Myopia in Asian Eyes
Authors: Low Jin Rong , Lim Li , Koh Jane Chwee Wah , Chua Daniel Kai Peng , Rosman Mohamad
Published: July 2018

Background:

LASIK Xtra is a recently described technique which combines LASIK and accelerated corneal cross-linking(CXL) in the same setting. Its long-term outcome in Asians with high myopia is not well described.

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy, predictability and safety of LASIK Xtra with LASIK in patients with high myopia.

Method:

This is a retrospective study comparing 50 consecutive eyes undergoing LASIK Xtra for the correction of high myopia and/or myopic astigmatism (-6.63 to -15.50 D manifest spherical equivalent) with a matched control group of 50 eyes undergoing LASIK alone for correction of high myopia (-6.00 to -12.25 D manifest spherical equivalent). Mean follow-up was 5.7 months (range, 1.5-13.3 months) for LASIK Xtra and 3.6 months (range, 1.7-4.2 months) for LASIK only. Outcome measures included Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA), refraction and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:

At post-operative 3 months, all eyes achieved UDVA of 20/40 or better, and 80.0% of LASIK Xtra eyes achieved UDVA of 20/20 or better, compared to 66.0% of LASIK only eyes (p= 0.115). Efficacy indices were 0.99±0.17 for LASIK Xtra and 0.94±0.17 for LASIK only (p= 0.164). The proportion of eyes within ±0.50 D of attempted correction was 84% in the LASIK only group and 72% in the LASIK Xtra group at post-operative 3 months (p= 0.148). Safety indices were 1.11±0.19 and 1.11±0.18 in the LASIK Xtra and LASIK only groups, respectively (p= 0.735).

Conclusion:

LASIK Xtra achieved comparable safety, predictability and efficacy as LASIK in patients with high myopia. Good refractive stability was attained at 6-12 months. Further long term studies are required to determine whether simultaneous CXL is able to reduce postoperative LASIK keratectasia in high-risk individuals.
A Review of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking – Current Trends in Practice Applications
Authors: Lim Li , Lim Elizabeth Wen Ling
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To review the literature on current applications of corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL).

Methods:

A review of publications on corneal cross-linking was conducted. This included systemic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, case-controlled studies and case series. A summary of the publications is tabulated.

Results:

The original indication of riboflavin – Ultraviolet-A (UVA) induced corneal collagen cross-linking is to arrest the progression of keratoconus. Studies show that it is effective in arresting the progression of keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia with the standard Dresden protocol (epithelium-off). There are also improvements in visual, keratometric and topographic measurements over time. Severe complications of cross-linking are rare. The epithelium-on techniques have less efficacy than the Dresden protocol. Accelerated protocols have variable results, with some studies reporting comparable outcomes to the Dresden protocol while other studies reporting less efficacious outcomes. Cross-linking combined with refractive procedures provide better visual outcome but long term studies are warranted. Cross-linking for the treatment of infective keratitis is a promising new treatment modality. Initial studies show that it is more effective for superficial rather than deep infections and for bacterial rather than fungal infections.

Conclusions:

Corneal cross-linking is a procedure with an expanding list of indications from the treatment of corneal ectasias to infective keratitis. While the standard Dresden protocol is established as the gold standard treatment for progressive keratoconus, the more recent protocols may require further refinements, investigative and long-term studies.
The OPF Formulation and Solution for Energy Router Incorporated AC&DC Network
Authors: Duan Qing , Guo Jing , Sheng Wanxing , Sha Guanglin , Li Ke-Jun , Xu Xiaoxian
Published: July 2018

Background:

The energy router based on power electronic technology is the core equipment
of energy internet. Energy router can control the voltage of the port and regulate the power injected
into the network flexibly. It is of great significance to study how the capability of the energy
router can be used to improve characteristics of the power system.

Methods:

Based on the analysis of energy router, we construct a unified AC-DC power flow model
for energy router considering its different control modes. Then, we establish an optimal power flow
formulation for the energy router incorporated AC-DC network and propose the multi-objective
function to optimize the comprehensive performance of the network. Several cases are observed and
analyzed on a modified IEEE-57 system.

Results:

The result verifies that the optimal power flow formulation can optimize the control values
of ports of the energy router and improve the operating state of the power system. The optimal target
presented in this paper can improve the characteristics of the grid better than a single optimal target.

Conclusion:

Energy router will play a vital role in the energy internet based on the power system.
The characters of the power system can be improved and the operating costs can be reduced by utilizing
the functionality of energy router in regulating power flow.
Stream of counsciousness about stream of time
Authors: Galtung Johan
Published: July 2018

"Time" is an abstraction imposed upon us byphysicists, bureaucrats and others to createorder. As when loud church bells, or minaretchanting, created shared community time."Change" is concrete, empirical, intersubjectivelycommunicable. Some changes, likepositions of hands on clocks or ringing of bells,particulary Big Ben (now under repair), andsubatomic processes, are chosen as representing"time", carrying "time", even as being "time"."No change" means no time. But clocks continue,marking "time".
O episódio “puritano” - Poder régio e aristocracia no Antigo Regime português
Authors: Fernandez Hugo
Published: July 2018

Quando, por Alvará de 5 de outubro de 1768, D. José I proibiu a existência dos chamados Puritanos, censurando a sua estrita homogamia, fez muito mais do que acabar com uma estratégia matrimonial considerada indesejável ou extinguir uma seita aristocrática que se vinha perpetuando desde o século XVII. Reafirmou a sua autoridade enquanto monarca absoluto e estabeleceu com clareza os termos do “contrato social” entre o rei e a aristocracia nacionais, rejeitando um fenómeno que punha em causa o poder régio e a determinação, por parte da realeza, das taxonomias sociais existentes. Tratava-se, sobretudo, de harmonizar os interesses da Coroa e da aristocracia na salvaguarda de uma ordem hierárquico-corporativa que, assegurando a preeminência social de ambas, tinha na diferenciação de estatuto e na discriminação social a matriz do seu funcionamento.
Нелинейно-оптические свойства квантовых точек CdS/ZnS в матрице из высокомолекулярного поливинилпирролидона
Authors: Кулагина А.С. , Евстропьев С.К. , Розанов Н.Н. , Власов В.В.
Published: July 2018

AbstractSols containing core/shell CdS/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots are synthesized and their nonlinear properties, which are interesting for a large variety of applications in nanophotonics, are studied. The quantum dots produced are smaller in dimensions than the exciton Bohr radius and, therefore, exhibit a well-pronounced quantum-confinement effect. The nonlinear optical properties of low-concentration sols are studied upon exposure to laser pulses with an emission wavelength of 532 nm and a duration of 5 ns by the z-scan technique. The dependences of nonlinear optical coefficients on the concentration of CdS/ZnS quantum dots are obtained. The intensity dependence of two-photon absorption coefficients is presented. The dependence determines the boundary of the influence of high-order nonlinearities on the nonlinear transmittance of the samples. The mechanisms of optical limitation exhibited by sols, specifically, two-photon absorption, nonlinear refraction, and nonlinear scattering are discussed.
Влияние разориентации подложки и ее предварительного травления на структурные и оптические свойства интегрированных гетероструктур GaAs/Si(100), полученных методом газофазной эпитаксии
Authors: Середин П.В. , Голощапов Д.Л. , Золотухин Д.С. , Леньшин А.С. , Лукин А.Н. , Худяков Ю.Ю. , Арсентьев И.Н. , Жаботинский А.В. , Николаев Д.Н. , Пихтин Н.А.
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is shown for the first time that the structural and optical functional characteristics of integrated GaAs/Si(100) heterostructures can be controlled by using misoriented Si(100) substrates and their preliminary etching. The growth of an epitaxial GaAs layer on a Si substrate without the formation of antiphase domains can be carried out on a substrate deviated from the (100) singular plane by an angle smaller than 4°–6° or without a transition layer of GaAs nanocolumns. Preliminary treatment of the silicon substrate by etching makes it possible to use it for the vapor-phase epitaxial growth of a single-crystal GaAs film with a considerably smaller relaxation coefficient, which has a positive effect on the structural quality of the film. These data are in good agreement with the results of IR reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The features of the optical properties of integrated GaAs/Si(100) heterostructures in the infrared and ultraviolet spectral regions are also defined by the relaxation coefficient.
Фотолюминесценция ZnS : Cu в матрице полиметилметакрилата
Authors: Смагин В.П. , Еремина Н.С. , Леонов М.С.
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe method of agents arising directly in the (poly)methyl methacrylate medium is used to synthesize ZnS:Cu quantum dots fixed in an optically transparent polymer matrix. The optical transmittance of the polymer composites in the visible spectral region reaches 92% (at the thickness 5 mm). The photoluminescence of the (poly)methyl methacrylate/ZnS:Cu composite is defined by defects in the crystal structure of ZnS and by the system of energy levels in the band gap of ZnS. The photoluminescence signal depends on the Cu-ion concentration, the reabsorption of radiation in ZnS and (poly)methyl methacrylate, and other factors.
Магнитные свойства вакансий и внедренного хрома в кристалле ZnO
Authors: Джафарова В.Н. , Оруджев Г.С. , Гусейнова С.С. , Стемпицкий В.Р. , Баранaва М.С.
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electronic and magnetic properties of ZnO containing Cr doped atoms and Zn and O vacancies in its crystal structure are theoretically investigated. Calculations are performed using Atomistix Tool Kit and Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package software implementing the electron density functional theory method with the Hubbard correction. It is shown that the magnetic moment of a defect supercell strongly depends on the impurity concentration and presence of vacancies. The doping of an oxygen atom increases the probability of zinc-vacancy formation.
Влияние распределения волновой функции на диссоциацию экситонов в электрическом поле
Authors: Heckotter J. , Freitag M. , Frohlich D. , Abmann M. , Bayer M. , Семина М.А. , Глазов М.М.
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe show that the dissociation threshold of an exciton, a bound electron-hole pair, by an electric field is mainly determined by its energy: as expected, the dissociation voltage decreases with increasing exciton energy. However, within the multiplet of states belonging to a particular principal quantum number n , the dissociation voltage rises with increasing state energy, in contrast to the expectations based on energy arguments. This behavior is demonstrated for the yellow exciton states of Cu_2O and is attributed to the distribution of the wavefunction in the potential landscape, where the lower (higher) lying state in the multiplet is shifted away (towards) the tunnel barrier.
Экситоны и биэкситоны в сфероидальных квантовых точках А-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-B-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-
Authors: Головатенко А.А. , Семина М.А. , Родина А.В. , Шубина Т.В.
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the limit of strong quantum confinement the lower energy states of excitons and biexcitons in spheroidal quantum dots of semiconductors with a fourfold degenerate vertex of the valence band, which are active in the dipole approximation at one- and two-photon excitation, have been considered. The comparative analysis of the order of energy levels of the hole in the potentials of the infinitely deep quantum well and a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator taking into account the axial anisotropy of the quantum dot (QD) shape is carried out. It is shown that the anisotropy of the QD shape can lead to the opposite sign of splitting with respect to angular momentum projection ±3/2, ±1/2 for spatially odd (1 P _3/2) and even (1 S _3/2) levels of the hole. At the same time, in the case of the potential of an infinitely deep quantum well, an inversion of the order of 1 S _3/2 and 1 P _3/2 levels can be observed at values of the ratio of the effective masses of the light and heavy holes β = m _lh/ m _hh ≈ 0.14. The type of the trial wave functions of the hole for the state 1 P _3/2 in the potential of an isotropic three-dimensional harmonic oscillator depending on β is proposed. The dependence of the binding energy of excitons in the considered potentials on β is presented and the possibility of formation of various biexcitonic states is considered.
Магнитная циркулярная поляризация фотолюминесценции экситонов
Authors: Ивченко Е.Л.
Published: July 2018

AbstractExperimental and theoretical studies of circular polarization of photoluminescence of excitons (MCPL) in semiconductors placed in an external magnetic field are reviewed. The advantage of the MCPL method is its relative simplicity. In particular, it does not require spectral resolution of the Zeeman sublevels of an exciton and may be applied to a wide class of objects having broad photoluminescence spectral lines or bands: in bulk semiconductors with excitons localized on the defects of the crystal lattice and composition fluctuations, in structures with quantum wells and quantum dots of types I and II, in two-dimensional transition metals dichalcogenides and quantum microcavities. The basic mechanisms of the magnetic circular polarization of luminescence are considered. It is shown that either known mechanisms should be modified or additional mechanisms of the MCPL should be developed to describe the polarized photoluminescence in newly invented nanosystems.
Influence of magnetic confinement on the yellow excitons in cuprous oxide subject to an electric field
Authors: Heckotter J. , Frohlich D. , Abmann M. , Bayer M.
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study the spectrum of the yellow exciton series in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The electric field, applied along the optical axis, tilts the Coulomb potential between electron and hole, so that at sufficiently high fields exciton dissociation becomes possible, roughly when the electric dipole interaction energy exceeds the binding energy of an exciton state with principal quantum number n . For an applied voltage of U = 20 V all excitons above n = 6 are dissociated. Additional application of a magnetic field normal to the optical axis introduces magnetic confinement, due to which above a threshold field strength around B = 2.5 T the exciton lines re-emerge. The complex dispersion with increasing fields suggests quantum chaotic behavior in this crossed field configuration, so that the search for exceptional points may be promising.
Эволюция анионных и катионных экситонов в щелочно-галоидных кристаллах (О б з о р)
Authors: Лущик Ч. , Лущик А.
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe manifestations of the existence of free anion excitons, the processes of their self-trapping, and the coexistence of mobile and self-trapped excitons (STEs) in wide-gap alkali halide crystals are reviewed. The radiative channel of decay of anion excitons, yielding luminescence, and a particular type of nonradiative channel with the creation of elementary Frenkel defects (FDs) are considered. We analyzed the criteria for the efficiency of this channel for defect formation, possible mechanisms for the decay of self-trapped excitons with the production of neutral and charged anion Frenkel defects, and the processes of multiplication of electronic excitations in alkali halide crystals. Particular attention is paid to the decay of cation excitons, including from the point of view of the possibility of the low-temperature creation of elementary Frenkel defects in the cation sublattice of alkali halide crystals.
Определение вида гидродинамического течения при ползучести аморфного металлического сплава на основе кобальта в переменном температурном поле
Authors: Федоров В.А. , Березнер А.Д. , Бескровный А.И. , Neov D.
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeformation of an amorphous cobalt alloy of strip configuration in creep tests in a variable temperature field is studied. An analytical form of the creep curve is found, and a prediction calculation of the resistivity by means of the proposed creep function is carried out. The physical meaning of the parameters of the creep equation is established, and their dimensionality is found. It is shown that, under the action of a variable temperature field, the creep of the alloy is not Newtonian and the material under strain exhibits pseudoplastic properties. It was found that, in the absence of heating, the viscosity of amorphous strip alloys can be considered within the Bingham plastic model.
Исследование пироэффекта в AlN-эпитаксиальных слоях
Authors: Гаврилов Г.А. , Капралов А.Ф. , Муратиков К.Л. , Панютин Е.А. , Сотников А.В. , Сотникова Г.Ю. , Шарофидинов Ш.Ш.
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have studied the pyroelectric effect in 6- to 12-μm-thick AlN epilayers grown by hydride–chloride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on 4H-SiC substrates. The pyroelectric current was generated by means of dynamic laser action. Evolution of the temperature fields was monitored by direct measurements of the surface temperature with allowance for the specific thermal heterogeneity of the AlN/SiC system. In combination with the results of pyroelectric current measurements, these data allowed the pyrocoefficient of the AlN/SiC structure to be estimated at p ≈ 3.0 μC/(m^2 K). Pyroelectric figures of merit of the given structure are calculated that can be used for the comparison of pyroelectric materials intended for the creation of IR radiation detectors.
Моделирование резонансов диэлектрических сфер в терагерцевом диапазоне
Authors: Стороженко Д.В. , Дзюба В.П. , Кульчин Ю.Н.
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have studied the resonance properties of dielectric spheres with subwavelength dimensions in the optical and terahertz frequency range. Distribution of the electric field vector in a sphere irradiated by a plane polarized wave has been numerically simulated using the finite element method. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that it is in principle possible to use resonances of various orders in dielectric spheres for the amplification of current in a conducting antenna with dimensions several times smaller than the radiation wavelength. In the case of resonances within short spectral intervals, it is possible to provide a current density gain up to 25–30 dB as compared to that in the absence of a dielectric sphere surrounding the antenna.
Una Primera Mirada hacia el Porro Marcado en la Ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Restrepo Rodríguez Natalia Andrea , Suaza Colorado Myriam , Cardona Álvarez Lina María
Published: July 2018

Se propone mostrar los resultados de una investigación documental y testimonial sobre la historia del Porro Marcado en la ciudad de Medellín, abordando los constructos de diversos autores relacionados con la danza y el baile, categorizados como antecedentes bibliográficos, investigativos y testimoniales, los cuales se estructuraron de acuerdo con los aportes que cada uno de ellos ofreció para el desarrollo de la misma.  Se concluye que en la ciudad no existen fuentes suficientes que brinden aportes del Porro Marcado, por lo que se requiere desarrollar e implementar estrategias efectivas que permitan mantener vivo este estilo de baile y a su vez contar con referentes históricos del mismo.