bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method optimizing the normalization of cardiac parameters in small animal models: the importance of dimensional indexing
Authors: Hagdorn Quint A. J. , Bossers Guido P. L. , Koop Anne-Marie C. , Piek Arnold , Eijgenraam Tim R. , van der Feen Diederik E. , Silljé Herman H. W. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Berger Rolf M. F.
Published: April 2019

For indexing cardiac measures in small animal models, tibia length (TL) is a recommended surrogate for body weight (BW) that aims to avoid biases because of disease-induced BW changes. However, we question if indexing by TL is mathematically correct. This study aimed to investigate the relation between TL and BW, heart weight, ventricular weights, and left ventricular diameter to optimize the current common practice of indexing cardiac parameters in small animal models. In 29 healthy Wistar rats (age 5–34 wk) and 116 healthy Black 6 mice (age 3–17 wk), BW appeared to scale nonlinearly to TL1 but linearly to TL3. Formulas for indexing cardiac weights were derived. To illustrate the effects of indexing, cardiac weights between the 50% with highest BW and the 50% with lowest BW were compared. The nonindexed cardiac weights differed significantly between groups, as could be expected ( P < 0.001). However, after indexing by TL1, indexed cardiac weights remained significantly different between groups ( P < 0.001). With the derived formulas for indexing, indexed cardiac weights were similar between groups. In healthy rats and mice, BW and heart weights scale linearly to TL3. This indicates that not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept in which cardiac parameters should not all be indexed to the same measure but one-dimensional measures to BW1/3 or TL1, two-dimensional measures to BW2/3 or TL2, and three-dimensional measures to BW or TL3.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy rats and mice, body weight (BW) scales linearly to tibia length (TL) to the power of three (TL3). This indicates that for indexing cardiac parameters, not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept of dimensionally consistent indexing. This concept is proposed to be widely applied in small animal experiments.
Left ventricular and proximal aorta coupling in magnetic resonance imaging: aging together?
Authors: Redheuil Alban , Kachenoura Nadjia , Bollache Emilie , Yu Wen-Chung , Opdahl Anders , Decesare Alain , Mousseaux Elie , Bluemke David , Lima Joao A. C.
Published: April 2019

The importance of aorta-ventricular coupling in cardiovascular disease is recognized but underestimated. The contribution of the age-related decline in ascending aortic function compared with characteristic impedance and total peripheral resistance on left ventricular function and remodeling is poorly studied. Our aim was to evaluate the relation of proximal aortic distensibility and impedance with left ventricular geometry and function in asymptomatic individuals. We prospectively studied 100 subjects (47 men, 53 women, age: 20–84 yr). Aortic strain, distensibility, arch pulse wave velocity, characteristic impedance ( Zc), total peripheral resistance, left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass, wall stress, and peak global circumferential myocardial strain and strain rates were determined by MRI. Central pressures were measured from tonometry. Ea/ Ev, an index of vascular-ventricular coupling, and LV wall stress were preserved across age- or aortic-stiffness-stratified groups. Static and pulsatile components of aortic load were differentially associated with age. Increased total vascular resistance was associated with decreased LV strain and increased concentric remodeling [ratio of LV mass to end-diastolic volume (M/V ratio)] in all individuals. In younger individuals (<45 yr), aortic distensibility was related to LV strain and concentric remodeling (M/V ratio), whereas Zc was related to LV strain and concentric remodeling (M/V ratio) in older individuals (>45 yr). Early age-related stiffening of the ascending aorta is a component of LV afterload subsequently associated with increased aortic impedance and alterations in LV geometry, namely concentric remodeling, decreased myocardial strain, and increased stroke work such that LV wall stress and arterial-ventricular coupling are preserved.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Local flow and deformation can both be assessed with high precision noninvasively in the ascending aorta using MRI. Combined with central pressure measurement, they provide distensibility and impedance and simultaneous reference assessment of left ventricular deformation and geometry, hence a comprehensive evaluation of arterial-ventricular coupling to study physiology and disease.
High-throughput Chemical Screening Identifies Focal Adhesion Kinase and Aurora Kinase B Inhibition as a Synergistic Treatment Combination in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Wang Sarah , Hwang Elizabeth E. , Guha Rajarshi , O'Neill Allison F. , Melong Nicole , Veinotte Chansey J. , Conway Saur Amy , Wuerthele Kellsey , Shen Min , McKnight Crystal , Alexe Gabriela , Lemieux Madeleine E. , Wang Amy , Hughes Emma , Xu Xin , Boxer Matthew B. , Hall Matthew D. , Kung Andrew , Berman Jason N. , Davis Mindy I. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Crompton Brian D.
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive solid tumor malignancy of childhood. Although current treatment regimens cure approximately 70% of patients with localized disease, they are ineffective for most patients with metastases or relapse. New treatment combinations are necessary for these patients.

Experimental Design:

Ewing sarcoma cells are dependent on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) for growth. To identify candidate treatment combinations for Ewing sarcoma, we performed a small-molecule library screen to identify compounds synergistic with FAK inhibitors in impairing Ewing cell growth. The activity of a top-scoring class of compounds was then validated across multiple Ewing cell lines in vitro and in multiple xenograft models of Ewing sarcoma.

Results:

Numerous Aurora kinase inhibitors scored as synergistic with FAK inhibition in this screen. We found that Aurora kinase B inhibitors were synergistic across a larger range of concentrations than Aurora kinase A inhibitors when combined with FAK inhibitors in multiple Ewing cell lines. The combination of AZD-1152, an Aurora kinase B–selective inhibitor, and PF-562271 or VS-4718, FAK-selective inhibitors, induced apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells at concentrations that had minimal effects on survival when cells were treated with either drug alone. We also found that the combination significantly impaired tumor progression in multiple xenograft models of Ewing sarcoma.

Conclusions:

FAK and Aurora kinase B inhibitors synergistically impair Ewing sarcoma cell viability and significantly inhibit tumor progression. This study provides preclinical support for the consideration of a clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of this combination for patients with Ewing sarcoma.
Activity and Safety of Palbociclib in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Refractory to Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Biomarker-driven Phase II Study
Authors: Toulmonde Maud , Blay Jean-Yves , Bouche Olivier , Mir Olivier , Penel Nicolas , Isambert Nicolas , Duffaud Florence , Bompas Emmanuelle , Esnaud Thomas , Boidot Romain , Geneste Damien , Ghiringhelli François , Lucchesi Carlo , Bellera Carine A. , Le Loarer François , Italiano Antoine
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

CDKN2A loss is frequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and associated with aggressive outcome. Palbociclib is a CDK4 inhibitor with preclinical antitumor efficacy in tumors with P16/CDKN2A loss.

Patients and Methods:

This is a multicenter single-arm phase II clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy of palbociclib in patients with advanced GIST bearing CDKN2A gene loss. Adults with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic, refractory to at least imatinib and sunitinib, measurable and documented progressive disease (PD) as per RECIST 1.1, and CDKN2A deletion centrally assessed were eligible. Patients received palbociclib 125 mg orally daily on a 21 days on/7 days off dosing schedule, until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was 4-month non-PD rate according to RECIST 1.1.

Results:

As of May 2017, 71 patients had been included in the study, and 29 patients (40.3%) met the molecular eligibility requirement. Twenty-five patients (86.2%) had grade 1–2 adverse events (AEs) and 12 patients (41.4%) grade 3–4 AEs possibly related to the drug. The planned interim statistical analysis performed after central histologic and radiological review showed that 19 (86.4%) out of the first 22 evaluable patients had PD at 4 months. CDKN2A status had no impact either on overall survival or outcome on previous standard lines of treatment. Translational analysis suggested upregulation of CCNE1 or downregulation of CDKN1A/P21 or LRRC3B as potential mechanisms of resistance.

Conclusions:

Palbociclib has no significant clinical activity as a single agent in P16/CDKN2A–deleted GIST refractory to imatinib and sunitinib.
A Pilot Study of Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with Bevacizumab followed by Bevacizumab Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Ramaswami Ramya , Uldrick Thomas S. , Polizzotto Mark N. , Wyvill Kathleen M. , Goncalves Priscila , Widell Anaida , Lurain Kathryn , Steinberg Seth M. , Figg William Douglas , Tosato Giovanna , Whitby Denise , Yarchoan Robert
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

VEGF-A is important in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma, and bevacizumab has a response rate of 31%. We explored the combination of bevacizumab with liposomal doxorubicin in patients with Kaposi sarcoma.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with Kaposi sarcoma requiring systemic therapy were enrolled in one of two cohorts. Cohort 1 included patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative Kaposi sarcoma or with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma who would not be expected to respond to antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone (i.e., either stable or progressive Kaposi sarcoma on ART). Cohort 2 included all other patients with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Patients were treated with six cycles of liposomal doxorubicin with bevacizumab every 3 weeks followed by up to 11 cycles of bevacizumab alone.

Results:

Sixteen patients were enrolled: 10 (two HIV negative) in cohort 1 and six in cohort 2. Fourteen patients had advanced disease (AIDS Clinical Trials Group T1). Overall response rate (complete and partial responses) was 56% [80% confidence interval (CI), 38%–74%] for all patients and were similar in the two cohorts. Median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 4.5 months–not estimable). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events attributed to therapy included hypertension (n = 5), neutropenia (n = 6), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 1), and cerebral ischemia (n = 1). There was a significant decrease in VEGF-A levels from baseline to the end of six cycles of combination therapy.

Conclusions:

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with bevacizumab has activity in advanced Kaposi sarcoma, but it is unclear whether the combination yields better outcomes than liposomal doxorubicin used alone.
Genome-wide RNAi Screening Identifies RFC4 as a Factor That Mediates Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer by Facilitating Nonhomologous End Joining Repair
Authors: Wang Xue-Cen , Yue Xin , Zhang Rong-Xin , Liu Ting-Yu , Pan Zhi-Zhong , Yang Meng-Jie , Lu Zhen-Hai , Wang Zi-Yang , Peng Jian-Hong , Le Li-Yuan , Wang Gao-Yuan , Peng Qi-Hua , Meng Yuan , Huang Wenlin , Liu Ran-Yi
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, resistance to chemoradiotherapy is one of the main obstacles to improving treatment outcomes. The goal of this study was to identify factors involved in the radioresistance of colorectal cancer and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Design:

A genome-wide RNAi screen was used to search for candidate radioresistance genes. After RFC4 knockdown or overexpression, colorectal cancer cells exposed to X-rays both in vitro and in a mouse model were assayed for DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. Moreover, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of RFC4 in DNA repair were investigated in vitro. Finally, the relationships between RFC4 expression and clinical parameters and outcomes were investigated in 145 patients with LARC receiving neoCRT.

Results:

RFC4, NCAPH, SYNE3, LDLRAD2, NHP2, and FICD were identified as potential candidate radioresistance genes. RFC4 protected colorectal cancer cells from X-ray–induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RFC4 promoted nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA repair by interacting with Ku70/Ku80 but did not affect homologous recombination–mediated repair. Higher RFC4 expression in cancer tissue was associated with weaker tumor regression and poorer prognosis in patients with LARC treated with neoCRT, which likely resulted from the effect of RFC4 on radioresistance, not chemoresistance.

Conclusions:

RFC4 was identified as a radioresistance factor that promotes NHEJ-mediated DNA repair in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the expression level of RFC4 predicted radiotherapy responsiveness and the outcome of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with LARC.
Precision Targeting with EZH2 and HDAC Inhibitors in Epigenetically Dysregulated Lymphomas
Authors: Lue Jennifer K. , Prabhu Sathyen A. , Liu Yuxuan , Gonzalez Yulissa , Verma Akanksha , Mundi Prabhjot S. , Abshiru Nebiyu , Camarillo Jeannie M. , Mehta Swasti , Chen Emily I. , Qiao Changhong , Nandakumar Renu , Cremers Serge , Kelleher Neil L. , Elemento Olivier , Amengual Jennifer E.
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Both gain-of-function enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mutations and inactivating histone acetyltransferases mutations, such as CREBBP and EP300, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of germinal center (GC)–derived lymphomas. We hypothesized that direct inhibition of EZH2 and histone deacetyltransferase (HDAC) would be synergistic in GC-derived lymphomas.

Experimental Design:

Lymphoma cell lines (n = 21) were exposed to GSK126, an EZH2 inhibitor, and romidepsin, a pan-HDAC inhibitor. Synergy was assessed by excess over bliss. Western blot, mass spectrometry, and coimmunoprecipitation were performed. A SU-DHL-10 xenograft model was utilized to validate in vitro findings. Pretreatment RNA-sequencing of cell lines was performed. MetaVIPER analysis was used to infer protein activity.

Results:

Exposure to GSK126 and romidepsin demonstrated potent synergy in lymphoma cell lines with EZH2 dysregulation. Combination of romidepsin with other EZH2 inhibitors also demonstrated synergy suggesting a class effect of EZH2 inhibition with romidepsin. Dual inhibition of EZH2 and HDAC led to modulation of acetylation and methylation of H3K27. The synergistic effects of the combination were due to disruption of the PRC2 complex secondary to acetylation of RbAP 46/48. A common basal gene signature was shared among synergistic lymphoma cell lines and was characterized by upregulation in chromatin remodeling genes and transcriptional regulators. This finding was supported by metaVIPER analysis which also revealed that HDAC 1/2 and DNA methyltransferase were associated with EZH2 activation.

Conclusions:

Inhibition of EZH2 and HDAC is synergistic and leads to the dissociation of PRC2 complex. Our findings support the clinical translation of the combination of EZH2 and HDAC inhibition in EZH2 dysregulated lymphomas.
TGF-β1 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyps through MicroRNA-21
Authors: Li Xun , Li Chuang , Zhu Ganghua , Yuan Wenhui , Xiao Zi-an
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To characterize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to investigate the mechanism by which microRNA-21 (miR-21) regulates EMT in CRSwNP. Method: (1) Tissue experiments: Mucosa tissues were collected from 13 patients with CRSwNP and 12 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), as well as 11 patients without CRS (controls). Protein localization and quantification were achieved by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, involving the epithelial marker protein E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and vimentin. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of miR-21 and TGF-β1 mRNAs. (2) Cellular experiments: Primary human nasal epithelial cells (PHNECs) treated with TGF-β1, or TGF-β1 with miR-21 inhibitor, or miR-21 mimics alone were observed for morphology changes under a phase-contrast microscope. The expression levels of epithelial/mesenchymal marker proteins were determined as aforementioned. PTEN and phosphorylated Akt were detected by Western blotting. Results: (1) Tissue experiments: Compared with the CRSsNP and control groups, the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated in the CRSwNP group, whereas the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, fibronectin, and vimentin was upregulated. The expression levels of miR-21 and TGF-β1 mRNAs in CRSwNP were significantly higher than those in CRSsNP and controls. (2) Cellular experiments: TGF-β1 induced EMT-like transformation in PHNECs, featured by changes in cell morphology and upregulation of mesenchymal proteins and miR-21. The miR-21 inhibitor, as well as the Akt-specific ­inhibitor, suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT. Mechanically, downregulation of miR-21 resulted in increased PTEN and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-21 had the opposite effects. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the TGF-β1-miR-21-PTEN-Akt axis may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. miR-21 might be a reliable target for treating nasal polyp genesis through EMT suppression. Moreover, miR-21 inhibitors could be a novel class of antipolyp drug that modulates PTEN expression and Akt activation. In addition, further investigation regarding the reason underlying miR-21 overexpression in CRSwNP could provide a molecular target for novel treatment strategies for nasal polyposis.
Diagnostic Utility of Sodium Lactate Infusion and CO2-35% Inhalation for Panic Disorder
Authors: Wiese Andrew D. , Boutros Nash N.
Published: April 2019

Laboratory measures have played an integral role in diagnosing pathology; however, compared to traditional medicine, psychiatric medicine has lagged behind in using such measures. A growing body of literature has begun to examine the viability and development of different laboratory measures in order to diagnose psychopathologies. The present review examines the current state of development of both sodium lactate infusion and CO2-35% inhalation as potential ancillary measures to diagnose panic disorder (PD). A previously established 3-step approach to identifying laboratory-based diagnostic tests was applied to available literature assessing the ability of both sodium lactate infusion or CO2-35% inhalation to induce panic attacks in PD patients, healthy controls, and individuals with other psychiatric conditions. Results suggest that across the literature reviewed, individuals with PD were more likely to exhibit panic attacks following administration of sodium lactate or CO2-35% compared to control participants. The majority of the studies examined only compared individuals with PD to healthy controls, suggesting that these ancillary measures are underdeveloped. In order to further determine the utility of these ancillary measures, research is needed to determine if panic attacks following administration of these chemical agents are unique to PD, or if individuals with related pathologies also respond, which may be indicative of transdiagnostic characteristics found across disorders.
Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics to Identify Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Childhood
Authors: Sabatino Jolanda , Di Salvo Giovanni , Krupickova Sylvia , Fraisse Alain , Prota Costantina , Bucciarelli Valentina , Josen Manjit , Paredes Josefa , Sirico Domenico , Voges Inga , Indolfi Ciro , Prasad Sanjay , Daubeney Piers
Published: April 2019

Background:

Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is associated with poor clinical outcome in childhood. Standard diagnostic criteria are still controversial, especially in young patients. Recent studies in adults demonstrated that left ventricular (LV) twist is abnormal in LVNC, but it has not been investigated in pediatric patients to date. Our aim was to assess LV cardiac mechanics, LV twist, and the prevalence of rigid body rotation, using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, in young patients with LVNC and LV hypertrabeculation.

Methods:

Forty-seven children (age range: 0–18 years) were assessed for suspected LVNC. All patients underwent 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla (T). Twenty-three patients fulfilled the cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic criteria for LVNC (LVNC group), while the remaining 24 did not and were included in the LV hypertrabeculation group. Forty-seven age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls.

Results:

The average LV twist was significantly reduced in LVNC compared with control and LV hypertrabeculation. Rigid body rotation was recognized in 13 (56%) children with LVNC and in 1 (4%) child with LV hypertrabeculation and a strong family history for LVNC. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that LV twist is an independent predictor of LVNC (
P
=0.006; coefficient=0.462). The receiver operating characteristics curve showed that LV twist had optimal predictive value to discriminate patients with LVNC (cutoff value <5.8°; sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 92%; area under the curve=0.914).

Conclusions:

LV twist has good predictive value in diagnosing LVNC in young patients. Our findings strongly support the routine use of 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in the evaluation of young patients with suspected LVNC.
Are We There Yet? Emerging Milestones in Aortic Dissection Care
Authors: Svensson Lars G.
Published: April 2019

See Article
Reutersberg et al
Hennobrimus hennemanni n. gen. n. sp., a remarkable new genus and species of the tribe Obrimini from the Philippine Islands (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae: Obriminae: Obrimini)
Authors: CONLE OSKAR V.
Published: April 2019

A new genus and species (Hennobrimus hennemanni n. gen. n. sp.) of the tribe Obrimini from the Philippine Islands of Mindanao and Leyte are described and illustrated from both sexes. The holotype is preserved in the State Zoological Collections Munich, Germany (ZSMC). Paratypes are deposited in the private collection of the author (OC) and in the private collection of Frank H. Hennemann (Kaiserslautern, Germany; FH).
A review of the genus Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: CHEN FUQIANG , SONG SHIMEI , WU CHUNSHENG
Published: April 2019

Twenty species of the genus Scirpophaga are recognized from China; six are reported for the first time, and two are described as new: S. linguatella, sp. n., and S. adunctella, sp. n. Scirpophaga melanostigma is proposed as a synonym of S. flavidorsalis, syn. n. Keys to the species recorded from China are provided. The adults of the new species and the genital structures of all examined species are illustrated. The types of the new species and other specimens examined are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka
Authors: FERNANDO DANIEL , BOWN ROSALIND M. K. , TANNA AKSHAY , GOBIRAJ RAMAJEYAM , RALICKI HANNAH , JOCKUSCH ELIZABETH L. , EBERT DAVID A. , JENSEN KIRSTEN , CAIRA JANINE N.
Published: April 2019

Identities of elasmobranchs from Sri Lanka encountered during collections conducted in an intensive nine-day survey of fish markets and landing sites at 11 localities in the North Western, Northern, and Eastern Provinces in March of 2018 were assessed. In total, 111 specimens representing 34 elasmobranch species were examined. Sequence data for the NADH2 gene were generated for all specimens. Independent Neighbor-Joining analyses, which included data for related taxa, were conducted for 25 subgroups of elasmobranchs to help confirm specific identifications. Five of the 34 species encountered are likely new to science. These consist of one species each of the batoid genera Brevitrygon, Narcine, and Torpedo, and the selachian genera Centrophorus, and Chiloscyllium. The specific identities of 12 species previously known to occur in Sri Lanka are updated to conform to current taxonomy; four of these (Gymnura cf. poecilura 2, Carcharhinus cf. limbatus, Echinorhinus sp. 1, and Iago cf. omanensis 1) represent what appear to be undescribed species reported previously from other localities. Three species (Maculabatis arabica, Acroteriobatus variegatus, and Centroscymnus owstonii) are reported from Sri Lanka for the first time; the latter species also represents the first documented record of this genus and family for the island nation. One of the two specimens on which the recent description of the new species of Planonasus indicus was based was also collected as part of this survey. Although some of the species confirmed to occur in Sri Lanka have also been found in India, others were previously known only from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, or localities in Southeast Asia. The high amount of novelty discovered as a result of a survey of such short duration emphasizes the importance of more intensive survey efforts in this region now that the civil unrest that precluded such work for nearly three decades has come to an end.
Exostoma kottelati, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: DARSHAN ACHOM , VISHWANATH WAIKHOM , ABUJAM SANTOSHKUMAR , DAS DEBANGSHU NARAYAN
Published: April 2019

Exostoma kottelati, new species, is described from the Ranga River, Brahmaputra basin, in Arunachal Pradesh state, northeastern India. It differs from congeners in the Brahmaputra River basin in having a longer adipose-fin base (33.4–36.0 % SL vs. 23.4–32.9), a greater (except E. mangdechhuensis) pre-pelvic length (45.6–47.3 % SL vs. 39.3–44.6) and a greater pre-anal length (73.9–76.5 % SL vs. 62.2–70.1). It further differs from all known congeners by the following unique combination characters: the adipose fin is distinctly separated from the dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, pre-dorsal length 38.9–41.7% SL, adipose-fin base length 33.4–36 % SL, caudal peduncle length 18.7–21.1 % SL, caudal peduncle depth 8.8–9.5 % SL, and body depth at anus 12.5–13.5 % SL. This is the fifth species of Exostoma known from the Brahmaputra River basin.
A review of the genus Immanus Hulcr & Cognato with a key to species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini)
Authors: BEAVER R. A. , SITTICHAYA W. , LIU L.-Y.
Published: April 2019

The four species currently placed in the genus Immanus Hulcr and Cognato are reviewed. Immanus papuanus Beaver, Sittichaya & Liu sp. n. is described. The following new synonymy is proposed: Immanus desectus (Eggers, 1923) (= Xyleborus insignis Browne, 1984 syn. n.). The following new combinations are proposed: Immanus pseudocolossus (Schedl, 1942) comb. n., I. sarawakensis (Eggers, 1923) comb. n., I. trolaki (Schedl, 1939) comb. n., all originally described in Xyleborus. A key to the females of the eight species now included in the genus is provided. The taxonomy, diagnostic characters, distribution and biology of the species are briefly discussed.
Checklist of vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Goa, India, with new records and a key to species
Authors: GAWAS SANDESH M. , KUMAR P. GIRISH , GUPTA ANKITA , SURESHAN P.M.
Published: April 2019

This study on the vespid fauna (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) reports 33 species belonging to 22 genera and four subfamilies from the state of Goa, India. Of these, 26 species, 18 genera, and two subfamilies are newly recorded from Goa. Illustrated keys to the genera and species of vespid wasps of Goa along with notes on their geographical distribution are provided.
A Numerical Study of “Hijikawa-Arashi”: A Thermally Driven Gap Wind Visualized by Nocturnal Fog
Authors: Ito Junshi , Nagoshi Toshiyuki , Niino Hiroshi
Published: April 2019

A renowned local wind in Japan, “Hijikawa-Arashi,” is a thermally driven nocturnal gap wind accompanied by fog. The wind is visually identified by the fog along the valley of the Hijikawa River between the Ozu basin and the Seto Inland Sea during the early morning in autumn and winter. A fine-resolution numerical model is employed to reproduce the main observed features of Hijikawa-Arashi. A vertical resolution of 10 m or less at the lowest level is required to express the nocturnal radiative cooling of the land that is required for fog formation in the basin, and fine horizontal resolution is necessary to express a realistic valley through which the fog is advected to the sea. Multiple hydraulic jumps accompanied by supercritical flow occur because of the complex topography. Both moisture transport by the sea breeze during the daytime and evaporation from the land surface are important for accumulating moisture to produce the fog.
A Global Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Diurnal Cycle Using MODIS Observations
Authors: Sharifnezhadazizi Zahra , Norouzi Hamid , Prakash Satya , Beale Christopher , Khanbilvardi Reza
Published: April 2019

Diurnal variations of land surface temperature (LST) play a vital role in a wide range of applications such as climate change assessment, land–atmosphere interactions, and heat-related health issues in urban regions. This study uses 15 years (2003–17) of daily observations of LST Collection 6 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the Aqua and the Terra satellites. A spline interpolation method is used to estimate half-hourly global LST from the MODIS measurements. A preliminary assessment of interpolated LST with hourly ground-based observations over selected stations of North America shows bias and an error of less than 1 K. Results suggest that the present interpolation method is capable of capturing the diurnal variations of LST reasonably well for different land-cover types. The diurnal cycle of LST and time of occurrence of maximum temperature are computed from the spatially and temporally consistent interpolated diurnal LST data at a global scale. Regions with higher variability in the timing of maximum LST hours and diurnal amplitude are identified in this study. The global desert regions show generally small variability of the monthly mean diurnal LST range, whereas larger areas of the global land exhibit rather higher variability in the diurnal LST range during the study period. Moreover, the changes in diurnal temperature range for the study period are examined for distinct land-cover types. Analysis of the 15-yr time series of the diurnal LST record shows an overall decrease of 0.5 K in amplitude over the Northern Hemisphere. However, the diurnal LST range shows variant changes in the Southern Hemisphere.
A new shock-wave test apparatus for liquid CO2 blasting and measurement analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Zhijie , Ren Tingxiang , Cao Chen , Zhu Feng , Li Yunpeng
Published: April 2019

Liquid CO2 blasting of coal or rock body technology is widely used for improving permeability, pressure relief, cutting proof, and roadway development. Due to the lack of proper apparatus for blasting measurement, the determination of blasting parameters is often not under scientific basis. A newly designed experimental apparatus is developed to monitor shock-wave pressure of liquid CO2 blasting. The apparatus mainly consists of testing tube and base bracket. The testing tube is fixed on the base bracket by fixed ring. The base bracket is fixed to the ground by expansion bolts to ensure the stability of the apparatus and personnel safety during blasting. Three testing tubes with inner diameter of 48, 68, and 82 mm are designed and manufactured to simulate different sizes of boreholes. Monitoring holes are drilled on the testing tube to monitor blasting shock-wave pressure in real time. The maximum pressure of the shock-wave and its acting duration can be obtained. Experimental results also revealed that the normal direction of the gas outlet is the effective shock-wave acting area where the maximum pressure reaches more than 160 MPa. The shock-wave pressure is in non-linear relationship with the distance from gas outlet. By comparison of the blasting tube sealed to unsealed condition, it is found that sealing can be effected by increment in shock-wave pressure of about 43.3%. The research results provide a basis and reference work for determination and optimization of liquid CO2 blasting parameters.
Investigation of wear and corrosion behavior of graphene nanoplatelet-coated B4C reinforced Al–Si matrix semi-ceramic hybrid composites
Authors: Polat Safa , Sun Yavuz , Çevik Engin , Colijn Hendrik , Turan M Emre
Published: April 2019

The present study aims to produce graphene nanoplatelet-coated B4C ceramic particle using semi-powder method and to investigate the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on wear and corrosion performance of Al–Si-based metal matrix hybrid composites. For this purpose, first graphene nanoplatelets at different ratios (0.25, 0.5, and 1 vol.%) were coated to the surfaces of B4C particles and then the Al–Si alloy was infiltrated into the reinforcements by gas pressure infiltration method. The characterization of graphene nanoplatelet-coated B4C powders and its composites was carried out by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope analysis. Tribological properties were investigated by reciprocating ball-on-flat method under three different loads (10–20–40 N) in a dry environment. The corrosion resistance was carried out with Tafel polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. Characterization results show that graphene coated on the B4C surface was successfully achieved by semi-powder method. After infiltration process, a new phase formation was not observed, but porosity increased with the increase of graphene content. When the boron carbide surface was coated with 0.5vol.% graphene, it was determined that the specific wear resistance increased by 55% and the corrosion resistance decreased by 12%.
Democracy in the Middle School Music Classroom
Authors: Draper Amanda R.
Published: April 2019

Including democratic principles in a traditional public school general music program can be challenging, but the benefits are significant, including greater student independence and motivation for learning. Democratic practice is both an approach to teaching and an outcome of the experience. It prepares students to be participants in society by providing space for student voices and encouraging students to think deeply and ask challenging questions. It also involves negotiating a rebalance of control in which the music teacher is more of a teacher-facilitator, learning alongside the students and allowing their choices and decisions to be a driving force in the learning process. This article presents one model for incorporating democratic ideals in middle school general music.
An Emerging Process of Assessment in Music Education
Authors: Payne Phillip D. , Burrack Frederick , Parkes Kelly A. , Wesolowski Brian
Published: April 2019

An effective assessment process can improve student performance, guide instructional decisions, and advocate for a music program. Strategies include designing and administering reliable and valid measures of student learning and using assessments to enhance feedback, longitudinal documentation of assessment results for accountability, and a transparency of assessment processes and findings for increased advocacy. An emerging process of assessment is inherent through the Model Cornerstone Assessments and contributes to an evolving assessment culture within K–12 music education.
“Twenty-Four White Women and Me”: Controlling and Managing Men of Color in Teacher Education
Authors: Vasquez Ramon
Published: April 2019

Diversifying the student body in teacher education programs (TEPs) remains an elusive goal. Despite recruiting efforts, few men of color complete programs leading to teaching credentials. To problematize this phenomenon, this study examines the experiences of three men of color enrolled in a predominantly White teacher education program (PWTEP). Participants were interviewed using a narrative inquiry protocol with emphasis on providing a space for counter-storytelling. Analysis of their narratives was conducted using a critical race theory (CRT) framework. Findings from the narratives highlight the way racism intersects with gender to reproduce, reinscribe, and protect dominant conceptions of “who belongs” in TEPs.
Does Public Health Insurance Coverage Lead to Better Health Outcomes? Evidence From Chinese Adults
Authors: Fan Hongli , Yan Qingyue , Coyte Peter C. , Yu Wenguang
Published: April 2019

This article examines the impacts of public health insurance on the health of adults through use of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We use the endogenous treatment effects model to infer the causal effects of public health insurance on health. We find that public health insurance significantly improves the physical and mental health status of health insurance beneficiaries after controlling for other covariates. Among the 2 types of voluntary public health insurance, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance has the greater impact in improving health than the New Cooperative Medical Scheme. Moreover, the health effect appears to be stronger for middle-aged individuals, the elderly, and those with lower incomes than for their counterparts. The positive health effects may result from few channels, including the increase of health care utilization, the improvement of health-related behaviors, and the fact that individuals with public health insurance are more likely to use higher level care providers. This study provides implications on reforming China’s health care system.
Integrating Community-based Research into a Senior Capstone Seminar: Lessons Learned from a Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Shostak Sara , Corral Margarita , Ward Ann G. , Willett Alex
Published: April 2019

This article describes a senior capstone, Neighborhoods and Health, which used community-based research (CBR) as its primary pedagogy. Students in the course drew upon multiple research methods and forms of data to provide our partner, the Urban Farming Institute of Boston, with an array of research products in support of the revitalization of a historic farm in the Boston neighborhood of Mattapan. Based on pre- and posttest assessment and analysis of students’ reflections in their journals, we identify how a multimethods approach—combined with a commitment to producing usable research products—simultaneously contributed to students’ research methods proficiency and their understanding of complex social processes. For both sociology departments and interdisciplinary majors that draw on sociological perspectives, CBR offers a compelling means of providing seniors with meaningful capstone experiences while adding capacity to the important work of community-based organizations.
A comparative study on existing and new methods to design internal model controllers for non-square systems
Authors: Saidi Imen , Touati Nahla , Dhahri Ahmed , Soudani Dhaou
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on a challenging problem in the internal model control (IMC) strategy: the model inversion to design the IMC controller for non-square systems. Several existing approaches for the synthesis of a specific inversion of the identified model will be presented in this paper to deal with the differences between the system’s inputs and outputs numbers. The non-square effective relative gain is firstly presented. It consists of the measurement of interactions between the loops of the system in order to square the system and make it invertible. The equivalent transfer function method is presented as well. It is based on tuning the pseudo-inverse of the process to design the internal model controller. These methods are then compared with a novel proposed model inversion approach based on virtual outputs method. Virtual adding is considered in order to obtain an invertible square transfer matrix to design the internal model controller. This simple yet effective method ensures robust control performance. Its efficiency and availability, as compared with other presented methods, is illustrated through simulations on an overactuated system with three inputs/two outputs.
Effective Self-Determination Practices for Students with Disabilities: Implications for Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Cmar Jennifer L.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Given the lack of self-determination research and curricula focusing on children and youths with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), the purpose of this article was to review the literature on effective self-determination practices for students with other disabilities for applicability to students with visual impairments.

Method:

A narrative review was conducted that focused on six self-determination practices for students with disabilities. Studies of the effectiveness of these practices that were published in the year 2000 or later were included in the review.

Results:

A total of 14 articles were identified that focused on the following interventions: Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction, Whose Future Is It Anyway?, Check and Connect, Self-Advocacy Strategy, Self-Directed Individualized Education Program, and Computer-Assisted Instruction. The levels of evidence supporting each intervention varied from potential to moderate, with none falling into the strong category.

Discussion:

Although several studies included at least one student with visual impairment, their results were not disaggregated by disability category. As a result, the existing literature does not allow for any specific conclusions to be made about the effects of these interventions on students with visual impairments. Additional research that evaluates self-determination interventions among this population is warranted.

Implications for practitioners:

By providing descriptions of six self-determination interventions and research evidence (including contextual information) supporting each one, this study serves as a starting point for practitioners to identify curricula that may be used to promote self-determination among their students. For students with visual impairments to fully benefit from these interventions, preteaching and accommodations by teachers of students with visual impairments or orientation and mobility specialists is necessary.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Use and Wound Healing in Tracheoesophageal Punctures
Authors: Britt Christopher J. , Russell Jonathon O.
Published: April 2019

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) aid in prolonging life in patients with advanced locoregional thyroid malignancy. Such patients may undergo total laryngectomy for local disease control and tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) for speech rehabilitation. Enlargement of TEP fistulas is usually attributed to wound healing issues and leads to major complications. Four laryngectomies with TEP were performed between 2015 and 2016 and subsequently placed on a TKI. Three patients developed a complication after TKI treatment, and 2 patients had a tracheoesophageal fistula. Patients should be counseled about possible wound healing risks associated with TKIs.
Foreign Body Aspiration in Infants and Older Children: A Comparative Study
Authors: Na’ara Shorook , Vainer Igor , Amit Moran , Gordin Arie
Published: April 2019

Background:

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It is a preventable event that predominates in preschool age. The signs and symptoms mimic respiratory diseases common in the same age-group. We compared FBA in infants to FBA in older children.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all the cases of suspected FBA of children under the age of 18 years hospitalized at one medical center during 2002 to 2016. We analyzed the data according to age: up to 1 year (infants) and 1 to 18 years.

Results:

One hundred seventy-five children with suspected FBA were admitted; of whom, 27 (15%) were infants and 148 (85%) were older children (age 1-18 years). For the 2 age groups, adults witnessed 85% and 73%, respectively, of the incidents ( P = .4). In the neonate group, 48% presented with normal X-ray findings compared to only 20% in the older group; 15% of the older group had a positive chest X-ray for a foreign body, while none had such in the infants’ group ( P = .01). For the 2 age groups, the majority of the FBs found were from organic origin. About half of the patients were diagnosed and managed within 24 hours of the aspiration event. In 10%, repeated bronchoscopy was performed due to a retained FB remnant. In a multivariate analysis, signs and symptoms ( P < .05), location of the FB ( P < .001), and witnessed aspiration ( P < .001) were independent prognostic factors for the length of hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Foreign body aspiration is not uncommon in young infants; the management is challenging due to small airways, the need to use smaller bronchoscopes, and the lack of working channel forces in pediatric bronchoscopes.
Coblation-Assisted Turbinoplasty: A Comparative Analysis of Reflex Ultra and Turbinator Wand
Authors: Mehta Nitika , Mehta Satish , Mehta Nandita
Published: April 2019

Coblation is a novel technology and has a wide application in the field of otorhinolaryngology. We conducted a randomized, noncontrolled study to compare the effectiveness of 2 types of wands used for turbinoplasty for nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Reflex Ultra and Turbinator wands were compared on a total of 150 patients. These patients were divided into a group of 75 patients each in a randomized manner. Results were compared based on the visual analog scale, and objective assessment was done on the basis of endoscopic assessment, that is, Nasal Endoscopic Score (NES). Assessment was done on postoperative day 7, first month, third month, and first year. Both groups demonstrated significant and similar results in long term, but an immediate improvement at 1 week was seen in the Turbinator group. Hence, we conclude that coblation turbinoplasty is an effective technique for turbinate reduction and both wands are equally effective in long term. However, Reflex Ultra has the advantage of mucosal preservation and minimal morbidity, and Turbinator has the advantage of immediate relief in nasal symptoms.