bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Loss and Subsequent Activity Limitations in the Elderly: The French Three-City Cohort
Authors: Pérès Karine , Matharan Fanny , Daien Vincent , Nael Virginie , Edjolo Arlette , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle , Ritchie Karen , Tzourio Christophe , Delcourt Cécile , Carrière Isabelle
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To investigate the relationship between vision and disability in the elderly.

Methods. We used a baseline visual indicator (combining near acuity with Snellen equivalent < 20/30 and self-reported distance visual loss) to explore the association between visual loss and subsequent disability (mobility, instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs], ADLs, and participation restriction) from 1999 to 2007 in 8491 elderly participants of the French Three-City Cohort (Bordeaux, Dijon, and Montpellier).

Results. In multiadjusted analyses, near visual impairment, alone or associated with distance visual function loss, was associated with greater risk of developing ADL limitations (P = .027), IADL limitations (P = .002), and participation restriction (P < .001), but not mobility (P = .848). The disabling impact of visual loss was significant for 11 of the 15 activities, when analyzed one by one.

Conclusions. Both near and distance visual loss was associated with greater functional decline over time, and the combination of the two could be even worse.

Public Health Implications. In the context of rapid aging of the population, maintaining good vision in the elderly represents a promising prevention track, visual impairment being common in the elderly, largely undermanaged, and mostly reversible. Further research, especially trials, is necessary to estimate the public health impact of such interventions.
Housing Assistance Programs and Adult Health in the United States
Authors: Fenelon Andrew , Mayne Patrick , Simon Alan E. , Rossen Lauren M. , Helms Veronica , Lloyd Patricia , Sperling Jon , Steffen Barry L.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine whether access to housing assistance is associated with better health among low-income adults.

Methods. We used National Health Interview Survey data (1999–2012) linked to US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative records (1999–2014) to examine differences in reported fair or poor health and psychological distress. We used multivariable models to compare those currently receiving HUD housing assistance (public housing, housing choice vouchers, and multifamily housing) with those who will receive housing assistance within 2 years (the average duration of HUD waitlists) to account for selection into HUD assistance.

Results. We found reduced odds of fair or poor health for current public housing (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.97) and multifamily housing (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) residents compared with future residents. Public housing residents also had reduced odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.86). These differences were not mediated by neighborhood-level characteristics, and we did not find any health benefits for current housing choice voucher recipients.

Conclusions. Housing assistance is associated with improved health and psychological well-being for individuals entering public housing and multifamily housing programs.
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
Authors: Rasanathan Jennifer J. K. , MacCarthy Sarah , Diniz Debora , Torreele Els , Gruskin Sofia
Published: February 2017

In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries.

Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health responses have focused on mosquito vector eradication, sexual and reproductive health services, knowledge and technology including diagnostic test and vaccine development, and health system preparedness.

We summarize responses to date and apply human rights and related principles including nondiscrimination, participation, the legal and policy context, and accountability to identify shortcomings and to offer suggestions for more equitable, effective, and sustainable Zika responses.
Circulating Romance
Authors: Hunter Christyna
Published: February 2017

Librarians are sort of used to being stereotyped. We’re used to friends and families thinking that we sit around all day and read. Our days are filled with luxury and kind, calm patrons who adore us immensely for the services we provide. Librarians’ minds are full of every book we ever read. And every book we haven’t read.Reality is a bit different. Our days are busy and sometimes patrons are not so appreciative. And despite our attempts at super knowledge, our brains can’t hold all information.But being a librarian who reads, enjoys, and promotes the romance genre can present an additional challenge. Even though the genre is half of the paperback fiction sold in the U.S., librarians often have to defend it to their customers and their co-workers.
QTL Study to Reveal Soybean Response on Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
Authors: Lestari Puji , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Tasma I Made
Published: February 2017

As an important grain legume, the improved soybean
(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) adaptive to environmental changes
is a valuable genetic resource. Strategy to minimize the
impact of climate effects should be underlined on soybean
production encompassing advanced genomics and well
predicted future climate. Crops including soybean respond
to climate change in the aspect of abiotic and biotic
environmental factors. To predict soybean response to
abiotic and biotic stresses, current progress of quantitative
trait loci (QTL) for abiotic and biotic stresses and flowering
and related genomic resources could be accessed at
SoyBase (http://www.soybase.org) and Phytozome
(http://www.phytozome.net). As the involvement of abiotic
and biotic stresses modulating flowering in soybean, genes
linked to QTL for abiotic/biotic stress and flowering/maturity
were also potential for resisting the environmental changes.
By mapping QTLs for flowering using one population in
different locations (Korea and China) with distinctive
longitude, latitude, and altitude, syntenic correlation
between these two QTLs on soybean chromosomes 6 and
13 indicates the environmental specific role of syntenic
regions. The information on QTL and related candidate
genes may assist marker-assisted breeding and enact
soybean as a model of adaptive legume crop under abiotic/
biotic stress.
Interaksi Genetik x Lingkungan dan Variabilitas Genetik Galur Gandum Introduksi (Triticum aestivum L.) di Agroekosistem Tropika
Authors: Nur Amin , Azrai Muh. , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Published: February 2017

The
focus of wheat research in Indonesia is to obtained new
potential wheat lines that are adapted to low-mid elevation
and heat tolerant. This study was aimed to obtain
information on the effect of interaction of season x line x
location and genetic variability of wheat lines in tropical
agroecosystem. This study was conducted at the Seameo-
Biotrop (<400 masl) and Indonesian Ornamental Crops
Research Institute-Cipanas (>1,000 masl) experimental field
for two seasons. The results showed that there was an effect
of interaction of season x line x location on plant height,
days to flowering, number of spikelet and floret, seed/head
weight, rate of grain filling, yield, flag leaf width, stomata
density, chlorophyll b, and leaf greenness. Meanwhile
several characters were only influenced by the interaction of
line x location, they were yield component characters, ie.
empty floret percentage, number of seed/ head, 1,000 seed
weight, number of head/m2 and seed/plant weight. Seven
characters were not influenced by interaction of neither
season x line x environment nor line x location, they were
number of productive tillers, head length, number of
seed/head, chlorophyll a, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, total
chlorophyll, and leaf thickness. The characters that have
high heritability and wide genetic variability for the two
analysis models were the number of spikelet.
Transformasi Genetik Kedelai dengan Gen Proteinase Inhibitor II Menggunakan Teknik Penembakan Partikel
Authors: Pardal Saptowo J. , Wattimena G. A. , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Herman M.
Published: February 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor with an objective to obtain transgenic soybean plants containing the proteinase inhibitor II (pinII) gene. The experiment consisted of three steps, i.e., optimalization of the soybean transformation technique using the gus gene; transformation of soybean using the pinII gene, and molecular analysis of the transformed soybean plants. Two type of explants (young embryo and cotyledon) were bombarded with pRQ6 plasmid containing the gus gene with the following treatment: Helium gas pressure (1100 psi and 1300 psi), shoot distance (5 and 7 cm), and number of bombardment (1x and 2x). The result of gus assay indicated that the best bombardment was done on young cotyledon explants with 1100 psi Helium pressure, shoot distance 5 cm, and 1x bombardment. Transformation of the soybean explant using the pinII gene (inside the pTWa plasmid) was conducted using the best bombardment treatment from the first activity. Two plants from c.v. Wilis (WP1, WP2) and three plants from c.v. Tidar (TP1, TP2, TP3) were recovered from regeneration and selection of the transformed explants. Molecular analysis of the regenerated plants using the PCR technique showed that only WP2 contained the pinII gene. This plant was fertile and will be used for further evaluation.
Dampak Tanaman Transgenik Bt terhadap Populasi Serangga Pengendali Hayati
Authors: Husin Bahagiawati A.
Published: February 2017

An alternative technique to improve plant resistance to insect pests is plant transformation using the genetic engineering technology. Several transgenic plants resistant to insect have been produced and commercially released to environment in some industrial and developing countries. Before release, transgenic plants need to be assessed for their potential risks to human health and environment. One of the environmental risk assessments is the potential risk to non-target insects, including the biocontrol insects. Laboratories, glasshouse, and field experiments have been conducting the study of the impact of transgenic plant resistance to insect, especially transgenic Bt plants to the population of predators and parasitoids. However the results were controversial. The objective of this review is to inform some of controversial results, and to suggest serial experiments need to be done to solve the problem. The impact of the transgenic plant resistance to insects depends on several factors, such as genes that are used to transform the plants, the kind of plant pests, and the kind and stages of the insect natural enemies. Results of the experiments were influenced by sites of the experiments (laboratory, glasshouse, or field) and contact of the natural enemies to the toxin. Some experiments showed that the transgenic Bt plants have no impact to the natural enemies population, and otherwise. Due to the controversial results, the experiment and assessment should be done in depth and carefully studied. A sequential experiments need to be adopted to avoid the misleading interpretation, and the assessment need to be based on a case by case study.
Peningkatan Keragaman Genetik Tanaman melalui Keragaman Somaklonal
Authors: Hutami Sri , Mariska Ika , Supriati Yati
Published: February 2017

High genetic variability’s are important factors in the development of new crop varieties. In vitro techniques are applicable for development of crop variability that is not found in the gene pool. One of the in vitro techniques that can be used for this purpose is the somaclonal variation technique. Somaclonal variation may be derived from genetic variations in explants and genetic variations in tissue cultures. Variations in the explant may be obtained from cell mutations or polysomic mutations of a certain tissue. Genetic variations in tissue culture may be caused by ploidy of chromosomes (endomitosis fusion), changes of chromosom structures (crossings), as well as changes of genes and cytoplasms. Changes of genetic characters may be improved if anorganic compound was added into the medium. To improve the plant tolerances to biotic or abiotic factors, selection components may also be added to the medium. Research results showed that somaclonal variation in tissue culture can improve genetic variations in plants. The variation produced in tissue culture provide chances to develop new plant genotipes. Many selection components, such as Gamma-ray irradiation, Al contents and low pH, pure toxin or filtrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and plant growth regulators can be used to improve somaclonal variations in many plants to produce new genotipes.
Pengembangan Set Multipleks Penanda DNA Mikrosatelit untuk Analisis Variasi Genetik Padi dan Kedelai
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani , Hidayatun Nurul , Utami Dwinita W.
Published: February 2017

Detection of multiplex microsatellite markers in a
single capillary array on a laser detection system is traditionally
conducted with specific primers that are labelled with
fluorescent dyes. An alternative method using fluorescent
labels that are appended to 5’ end of universal primer M13
instead of to the specific primers offers flexibility in
designning multiplex panels and a less expensive method.
Allele size range of microsatellite loci that can be grouped in
multiplex panels can be accurately estimated by pooling and
analyzing DNA samples from several genotypes simultaneously.
This paper describes the procedure in development
of microsatellite multiplex panels using M13 fluorescentlylabelled
and estimation of allele size range based on pooled
DNA strategies. Two multiplex panels of PCR amplification
products for rice consisting of 15 loci and three panels for
soybean consisting of 10 loci have been designed. The
panels have been applied to 50 accessions of rice and soybean
with fairly good results. Further characterization of
allele size range, however, is required prior to the application
of these panels to diverse genotypes. The procedure
described here should be applicable in the development of
multiplex panels of other species.
The use of Biotechnology in the Characterization, Evaluation, and Utilization of Indonesian Rice Germplasm
Authors: Silitonga Tiur S
Published: February 2017

Penggunaan Bioteknologi dalam Karakterisasi, Evaluasi,
dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Padi Indonesia. Tiur S.
Silitonga. Beras merupakan makanan pokok penduduk
Indonesia yang terus meningkat kebutuhannya. Untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan beras nasional, peningkatan produktivitas
varietas padi terus diupayakan melalui peningkatan potensi
hasil dengan cara merakit varietas tipe baru dan padi
hibrida yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan genjah, tahan terhadap
cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Sejak tahun 2006 sampai saat
ini jumlah varietas yang dihasilkan sebanyak 31 varietas.
Perakitan varietas itu semua dilakukan dengan menggunakan
plasma nutfah. Sampai saat ini plasma nutfah yang dilestarikan
di Bank Gen Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
(BB-Biogen) berjumlah sekitar 4.000 aksesi yang terdiri atas
varietas padi lokal, varietas padi unggul lama, varietas unggul
tipe baru, galur-galur elit, dan kerabat spesies padi liar.
Untuk menjaga keselamatan koleksi, sebanyak 2.500 aksesi
dilestarikan di Balai Besar Penelitian Padi sebagai koleksi
duplikat. Di samping itu, sebagai mitra kerja sama internasional,
koleksi ini juga disimpan di pusat pelestarian plasma
nutfah padi International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) sebanyak
lebih dari 8.900 aksesi. Plasma nutfah ini memiliki
peranan yang sangat besar sebagai sumber gen dalam
program pemuliaan padi. Untuk mempermudah pemanfaatannya,
koleksi ini telah di karakterisasi, dievaluasi, dan didokumentasikan
di dalam database. Karena plasma nutfah
memiliki nilai potensial dan nilai aktual bagi kehidupan manusia,
maka sangat penting untuk melestarikannya baik
secara in situ, ex situ, dan lekat lahan (on farm). Pada tulisan
ini diuraikan status koleksi plasma nutfah, bagaimana dikoleksi,
karakterisasi, evaluasi, dan didokumentasikan dalam
database dan dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan
padi serta dalam pertukaran plasma nutfah padi. Dalam pemanfaatan
dan pertukaran plasma nutfah, Indonesia telah
meratifikasi perjanjian pertukaran sumber daya genetik dan
mengimplementasikannya dengan menggunakan Standard
Material Transfer Agreement (sMTA) melalui UU No. 4 Tahun
2006.
Konservasi In Vitro Tanaman Jeruk Besar (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Kultivar Srinyonya Menggunakan Osmotikum dan Retardan
Authors: Dewi Iswari S , Jawak Gani , Roostika Ika , Sabda Muhammad , Purwoko Bambang S , Adil Widiati H
Published: February 2017

In Vitro Conservation of Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)
Merr.) cv Srinyonya Using Osmoticum and Retardant.
Iswari S. Dewi, Gani Jawak, Ika Roostika, M. Sabda,
Bambang S. Purwoko, and Widiati H. Adil. Pomelo is an
underutilized citrus fruit with a potential for commercialization.
Only some cultivars have been conserved ex situ, such
as in home yards or in botanical gardens. Such collections
are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic hazards. The goal of the
experiment was to study the effect of osmoticum (sorbitol)
and retardant (ancymidol) on in vitro growth of pomelo.
Four-leaf in vitro shoots of pomelo cultivar Srinyonya were
used as plant materials. Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium was
used as the basal medium for the culture. The trial was
arranged in a completely randomized design with three
replications. The treatments consisting of MS + sorbitol (0,
20, 40, and 60 g/l) and MS + ancymidol (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l).
The results indicated that based on plant height, number of
new leaves, and visual plant architecture, sorbitol treatments
from 20-60 g/l retard the growth of the pomelo plant significantly.
On the other hand, ancymidol did not inhibit the
pomelo growth significantly, but it was a suitable osmoticum
for improvement of in vitro plant vigor, increasing green
color of leaf, and increasing root initiation. Leaf senescence
of in vitro plants cultured on media containing sorbitol 40
and 60 g/l began 20 week after storage. The best medium for
conservation of pomelo cv Srinyonya was MS + 20 g
sorbitol/l.
Introduksi Konstruk Over-Ekspresi Kandidat Gen OsWRKY76 melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens pada Tanaman Padi Nipponbare
Authors: Apriana Aniversari , Sisharmini Atmitri , Enggarini Wening , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Khumaida Nurul , Trijatmiko Kurniawan Rudi
Published: February 2017

Delivering of Over-Expression Construct OsWRKY76
Candidate Gene in Rice cv. Nipponbare through
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Aniversari Apriana, Atmitri
Sisharmini, Wening Enggarini, Sudarsono, Nurul.
Khumaida, and Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko. Plant genetic
improvement can be done through classical breeding or
genetic engineering. WRKY is a transcription factor involved
in regulating plant defense responses. OsWRKY76 gene is
located in a narrow segment of chromosome 9 which is
identified previously to be related to wide spectrum
resistance in rice. A sequence of OsWRKY76 (+1.200 bp)
has available in the gene bank and it makes possible to
isolate, clone, and construct the gene into over-expression
vector. The aim of this research was to assemble an overexpression
construct of OsWRKY76 candidate gene and
introduce it into rice through Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation. A construct of pCAMBIA-
1301::35S::OsWRKY76 has been successfully assembled and
transformed into embryogenic calli of rice cv. Nipponbare
using A. tumefaciens strain Agl-1 and EHA 105. A number of
126 independent lines has been produced, in which Agl-1
showed 3.8 times more efficient than EHA 105. PCR analysis
of randomly selected 25 independent lines showed that all
of them positively contained hptII gene, a selectable marker
used in the over-expression construct of the OsWRKY76
candidate gene. Based on the result, it could be concluded
that the over-expression construct of OsWRKY76 candidate
gene have been successfully introduced into the tissue of
Nipponbare.
Identifikasi Entomopatogen Bakteri Merah pada Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.)
Authors: Priyatno Tri Puji , Dahliani Yohana A , Suryadi Yadi , Samudra I Made , Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Rusmana Iman , Wibowo Baskoro S , Irwan Cahyadi
Published: February 2017

Indentification of Entomopathogenic Red Bacterial from
Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). Tri P.
Priyatno, Yohana A. Dahliani, Yadi Suryadi, I Made
Samudra, Dwi N. Susilowati, Iman Rusmana, Baskoro S.
Wibowo, and Cahyadi Irwan. Red bacteria isolated from
brown planthopper (BPH) has been proven pathogenic
against BPH and others insects. Application of 106 to 107
cells/ml of red bacteria caused 65.6-78.2% mortality of BPH.
The 50% effective concentration (EC50) and lethal time of red
bacteria against BPH is 2.8 x 105 cells/ml and 6.8 days,
respectively. Based on phenotypic characters tested on GN
MicroPlateTM Biolog kit and 16S rRNA sequneces analysis,
red bacteria was identified as Serratia marcescens with 99%
similarity. Red pigmen produced by S. marcescens strain
BPH is secondary metabolite determined as prodigiosin
showing bactericidal activities against Xanthomonas oryzae
pv. oryzae. We concluded that S. marcescens did not only
potent as biocontrol agent to BPH, but also it can be used to
control plant pathogenic bacteria.
Perbanyakan Tanaman Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) melalui Jalur Organogenesis
Authors: Yunita Rossa , Mariska Ika , Tumilisar Christiani
Published: February 2017

Vegetative
propagation through in vitro culture has been carried out as
a technology that has the potential for obtaining seedling in
significant amounts and relatively faster. This activity can be
done through the multiplication of adventitious shoots and
lateral shoots (organogenesis). The goal of this research was
to find the method of cashew micropropagation through
organogenesis. This study consisted of 4 main activities.
They were shoot induction, shoot multiplication, shoot
elongation, and root induction. The results showed the best
medium composition for shoot induction was MS + BA 0.7
mg/l. The suitable media for shoots multliplication was MS +
thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l + zeatin 1 mg/l and for shoots
elongation was MS + GA 1 mg/l + zeatin + 3 mg/l. The best
methods for root induction was by submerging in vitro
shoots in a solution of IAA 100 mg/l.
Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium
Authors: Sukmadjaja Deden , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Priyatno Tri P.
Published: February 2017

Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most serious
problem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plant
productivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of the
alternative method that can be applied in producing new
banana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemical
mutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed by
in vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants to
fusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field.
The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and in
vitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning and
evaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse and
Foc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants for
this research was initiation and formation of multiple bud
clumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5,
10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBC
was also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1
mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC was
soaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours.
The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusarium
phytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) as
selection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm.
Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection were
further tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 in
glasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in the
infected field was conducted in Pasirkuda Experimental
Station, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed
that MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplemented
with 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role in
obtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutants
tolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation in
the glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from
391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection.
Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clones
survived until generative phase (12 month of age).
Avaliação de custo-efetividade da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 13-valente comparada à vacina pneumocócica polissacarídica e não vacinação no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar Brasileiro
Authors: Alexandre Rodrigo , Ferreira Cristina , Squiassi Haline Bianca , Santana Carlos Felipe , Almeida Rodrigo , Michelim Lessandra
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: As doenças causadas pela bactéria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococo) são importantes causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, principalmente em indivíduos nos extremos de idade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os benefícios e custos incrementais associados à vacina pneumocócica conjugada 13-valente PCV13 (Prevenar® 13), comparada à não utilização de vacina e à utilização de vacina pneumocócica polissacarídica PPSV23 no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar, por meio de uma análise de custo-efetividade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de custo-efetividade utilizando um modelo de Markov que englobou os estados de saúde saudável, doença pneumocócica e morte. Neste estudo foram incluídos dados clínicos de pacientes com doença pneumocócica (bacteremia, meningite, internações por pneumonia e pneumonias ambulatoriais), custos médicos diretos e indiretos, considerando um horizonte de tempo de três anos, com ciclos anuais e uma coorte hipotética de pacientes com 50 anos ou mais. Análises de sensibilidade univariada e probabilística também foram realizadas. Resultados: A utilização da vacina PCV13 se mostrou dominante em relação às demais estratégias nos pacientes com risco baixo, moderado e alto. A análise de sensibilidade probabilística indica que a chance de PCV13 ser a estratégia mais custo-efetiva é de 90%, quando um limiar de R$ 12.000 para cada ano de vida ganho é definido. Conclusões: Foi possível observar que a utilização da vacina PCV13 para a prevenção de doenças pneumocócicas em adultos com 50 anos ou mais, considerando o desfecho clínico “anos de vida salvos”, pode ser a estratégia mais eficiente quando comparada à não vacinação ou à utilização da vacina PPSV23.
Hospitalization of schizophrenic patients in the public health system of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Laíse Sofia , Santos André , Guerra Júnior Augusto Afonso , Alemão Márcia , Oliveira Helian , Reis Edna , Vidal Carlos Eduardo , Brandão Cristina
Published: February 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the socio-demographic and clinical variables, identify the determinants of length of stay and estimate the cost of inpatient treatment of schizophrenia in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A non-concurrent cohort was conducted in three psychiatric hospitals of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data was collected from patients’ records in loco. The association between dependent and independent variables was evaluated via linear regression. The costs were calculated through an absorption costing method. Results: 1,928 patients that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Most patients were male, had no life partner, studied no more than the middle school, had no occupation and lived in the city of hospital assistance. Haloperidol was the most prescribed antipsychotic drug. Risperidone was the most used second-generation antipsychotic, followed by olanzapine. Average length of stay was 30.3 days (SD = 37.5 days) and the median was 20 days. Female patients, living in cities other than the hospital’s, with involuntary or mandatory hospitalizations and in use of a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) and a first- -generation antipsychotic (FGA) were associated to a longer length of stay. Average cost of hospitalization was R$ 11,713.07 (US$ 5,300.03) per hospitalization. Our results were corroborated by literature data. Conclusion: We found that most schizophrenic inpatients were male, single, had a low educational level and no occupational activity. The longer length of stay was associated to the socio-demographic and clinical variables, sex, place of residence, willingness to hospitalization of the patient and antipsychotic use.
Prevalência de risco moderado e alto de aspiração em pacientes hospitalizados e custo-efetividade da aplicação de protocolo preventivo
Authors: Almeida Ana Elizângela , Alcântara Antônia Célia , Lima Francisca , Rocha Hermano Alexandre , Cremonin Junior Jair , Costa Henrique Jorge
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de risco de broncoaspiração e a verificação do custo-efetividade da aplicação de protocolo preventivo. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal de base hospitalar com amostra aleatória simples, seguido de análise estatística de associação e econômica do tipo árvore de decisão e custo-efetividade. Resultados: Verificou-se que a prevalência de risco de broncoaspiração é alta em hospitais gerais de grande porte, com a magnitude de 56%, e que a aplicação de protocolo preventivo com avaliação precoce de fonoaudiologista é custo-efetiva, com ganho de quase R$ 900,00 por internação hospitalar, além de redução de 0,15 dia de internação também por paciente, com razão de custo-efetividade incremental de economia de R$ 5.607,83. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a adoção de programa preventivo com a participação de fonoaudiólogos é altamente custo-efetiva.
Reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and cost analysis of treatment with insulin analogues in the state of Paraná: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sanches Andréia Cristina , Wiens Astrid , Garcia Mariana , Grochocki Mônica , Correr Cassyano , Pontarolo Roberto
Published: February 2017

Objective: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a serious public health problem in Brazil. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of long-acting insulin analogues in controlling glycemia in type 1 DM patients and to analyze the direct costs of the treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with data collected from the State Health Secretary’s 2nd Regional Health Center from the State of Paraná. After randomization, socio-demographic data, the source of their drug prescriptions, and the pharmacotherapeutic profiles of the drugs were collected, along with clinical outcome information, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose levels. The direct costs of treatment with analogue insulin were evaluated based on the drugs and supplies acquisition data from the Center for Drugs, Paraná Cemepar. Results: One hundred and forty-eight type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, older than 18 years of age, were included in the cohort study. The HbA1c reduction after the insulin treatment was 0.36 ± 2.75, and the direct costs to reduce this parameter by 1% over a period of 24 months were U$ 1,806. The estimated costs to reduce HbA1c by 1% are U$ 5,016. Conclusions: In this study, we were able to estimate the public health system costs of using insulin analogues to reduce HbA1c by 1% in patients with type 1 DM. This information will assist clinicians in decision-making regarding insulin treatment.
Health-related quality of life in elderly: a review of the EQ-5D use
Authors: Veras Bruna , Magliano Carlos Alberto , Santos Marisa , Duarte Elizabeth , Blatt Carine Raquel , Stein Airton
Published: February 2017

Objective: To systematically identify and review studies that used EQ-5D to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) in elderly. Methods: Relevant literature was searched in MEDLINE and Lilacs databases and the EuroQol Plenary Meetings Proceedings (June/2003 to June/2013). The inclusion criteria were subjects aged 60 years or more and the use of the EQ-5D questionnaire. Two independent reviewers screened title, abstract, full text and performed data extraction. The country where the study had been conducted, demographic characteristics of the population, objectives, common criteria used by the studies to the exclusion of patients/participants and presentation of the data were the variables analyzed. Results: A total of 90 studies were included with 34,449 subjects, the mean age was 75.6 ± 4.3 years. The majority of the studies were from Europe (66.7%). Studies in Africa and South America were not identified. The main diseases investigated were orthopedic (20.0%) and cardiovascular diseases (15.5%). The study’s results were most frequently based on personal interviews (41.1%) involving directly the elderly (92.2%). The most common exclusion criteria were health conditions that could result in bias or confounding on the study protocol (61.1%) and low cognitive level (50.0%). The EQ-5D results were presented in different ways: means (82.2%) or me[1]dians (5.6%) associated with measures of dispersion as standard deviation (61.1%) and confidence interval (22.2%), or according to the answers in the descriptive system (22.2%). Conclusions: The lack of standardization in the exhibition of the results limits a direct comparison among different interventions.
Qualidade de vida relacionada ao transplante de fígado em polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Alexandre Rodrigo , Cruz Márcia , Ribeiro Adriana , Fernandes Roberta , Amaral Laura
Published: February 2017

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do transplante de fígado sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar (PAF). Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada até dezembro de 2015 em bases de dados eletrônicas. Os desfechos avaliados referem-se às dimensões físicas e mentais analisadas nos questionários de QVRS. Resultados: Seis estudos foram selecionados para revisão. Antes e após o transplante de fígado, os pacientes com PAF apresentaram QVRS significativamente pior em comparação com a população geral, composta por pessoas com doenças crônicas ou de pacientes sem PAF transplantados. Quatro anos após o transplante, os domínios de bem-estar físico e emocional também foram significativamente menores para os pacientes com PAF. A comparação entre os períodos pré e pós-transplante mostrou uma melhora no componente mental de pacientes sem PAF e piora em PAF. O componente físico apresentou melhora para ambos os grupos, embora tenha sido significativamente maior no grupo sem PAF. Em comparação com pacientes com PAF que não receberam transplante, apenas o componente físico mostrou uma diferença significativa 12 meses após o transplante de fígado para o grupo com PAF que recebeu o transplante. Conclusão: Pacientes com PAF apresentaram piores escores de QVRS em comparação com os pacientes sem PAF que receberam transplante e a população controle. Dentre os pacientes com PAF (com e sem transplante), o transplante de fígado não apresentou impacto significativo sobre o componente mental da qualidade de vida.
Revisão sistemática e análise de custo-minimização de lipegfilgrastim na profilaxia da neutropenia e da neutropenia febril relacionadas à quimioterapia citotóxica
Authors: Clark Otávio , Lemmer Teresa , Piedade Alexandra , Sales Luís , Kashiura Diego , Bueno Christiane , Caixeta Ana , Vicente André , Piha Tony
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: Realizar avaliação econômica de lipegfilgrastim, fator de crescimento de longa duração (G-CSF), com os demais medicamentos da classe terapêutica disponíveis para a diminuição da duração da neutropenia grave (NG) e da incidência de neutropenia febril (NF), em pacientes adultos tratados com quimioterapia citotóxica para neoplasias malignas. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura de evidências científicas sobre a eficácia e a segurança de lipegfilgrastim e análise de custo-minimização em comparação com pegfilgrastim ou filgrastim sob a perspectiva do Sistema Suplementar no Brasil. A análise incluiu tempo de tratamento de estudos clínicos, custo de infusão/ honorários médicos e custo com aquisição de medicamentos, distribuídos em três perspectivas: cenário 1 (conservador), cenário 2 (moderado) e cenário 3 (mundo real). Resultados: Seis estudos foram incluídos na análise, sendo três estudos randomizados e três revisões sistemáticas. O lipegfilgrastim resultou numa duração média de NG significativamente menor ao placebo e não inferior ao pegfilgrastim. Um estudo que comparou indiretamente lipegfilgrastim com filgrastim não encontrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas em redução de duração de NG e incidência de NF. O lipegfilgrastim apresentou redução de custos diretos de -R$ 3.673,50/paciente comparado com pegfilgrastim em todos os cenários avaliados e, na comparação com filgrastim, observou-se redução de -R$ 57.403,40; -R$ 19.183,67 e de -R$ 42,50/paciente nos cenários 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Conclusões: Lipegfilgrastim apresentou perfil de custo-minimização favorável em comparação com pegfilgrastim ou filgrastim, e surge como uma importante alternativa para o tratamento da redução da duração da neutropenia e da incidência da neutropenia febril durante a realização de tratamento quimioterápico, que pode representar economia de recursos para o Sistema de Saúde Suplementar.
Best Management Practices Effects on Anthracnose Disease of Annual Bluegrass
Authors: Hempfling James W. , Schmid Charles J. , Wang Ruying , Clarke Bruce B. , Murphy James A.
Published: February 2017

Increased N fertilization, mowing height, and sand topdressing are management practices that can suppress anthracnose disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama; ABG] caused by Colletotrichum cereale Manns. A 3‐yr field study evaluated the relative importance and interactions of these factors on anthracnose severity, turfgrass quality, and ball roll distance (BRD) on ABG turf in North Brunswick, NJ. A factorial combination of mowing height (2.3 and 3.2 mm), N fertilization (100 and 200 kg ha−1 yr−1), and sand topdressing (46 and 98 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in 2012; 37 and 81 Mg ha−1 yr−1 during 2013 and 2014) was arranged in a split‐split‐plot design with four replications. The practice of applying greater N fertilization (200 kg ha−1) provided the greatest reduction in disease severity and improvement in quality than the practices of higher mowing (3.2 mm) or greater sand topdressing (98 or 81 Mg ha−1). Combining greater N with higher mowing and greater sand topdressing provided acceptable disease suppression without the use of fungicides during moderate but not severe anthracnose epidemics. Higher mowing often produced unacceptable BRD (<2.9 m) especially when combined with greater N fertilization; whereas, under lower mowing, BRD was acceptable on most observation dates (91–96%) and less influenced by greater N fertilization. Thus, when adjustments in best practices for anthracnose management are needed to enhance BRD; lowering the mowing height will provide that enhancement while not greatly increasing the risk for anthracnose especially when greater N and increased topdressing practices are also employed.
Improved Change Detection of Forests Using Landsat TM and ETM data
Authors: Sonawane Kishor , Bhagat Vijay ,   Post-graduate Research Centre in Geography, Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science College, Akole-422601, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra (India).
Published: February 2017

Landsat TM and ETM+ datasets are useful for forest change detection (FCD) at good accuracy level. Classified forest maps have been prepared using NDVI calculated from Landsat-5 TM (2009) and Landsat-7 ETM+ (2002) datasets for FCD using post-classification technique. About 58.59% of reviewed area shows positive changes, 33.69% no-changes and 7.72% negative changes with 77.84% accuracy. This accuracy insists limitations of present FCD analysis. Therefore, improved post-classification technique was formulated for precise FCD using field data and statistical techniques. Information about stable land surface (water bodies, rocky lands, deep forests, etc.) was used for normalisation of exaggerated reflectance in vegetation indices i.e. greenness. About 70.08% land estimated using second approach shows stable vegetation, 23.59% positive changes and 6.33% negative changes. Higher accuracy (95.21%) itself shows improvement in FCD technique and efficient applicability for sustainable land management.
Frequência de Realização do Autoexame das Mamas e Mamografia na Detecção de Nódulos em Mulheres de Baixa Renda na População Sul Fluminense
Authors: Santos Bartira De Godoy Maranhão , Santos Simone Carrijo , Machado Ana Taíse R. , Marques Felippe Ferreira , Leidersnaider Clarisse
Published: February 2017

O câncer de mama é um problema de saúde pública importante. Os três principais métodos de rastreamento são o exame mamográfico (MMG), o exame clínico das mamas (ECM) e o autoexame das mamas (AEM). Segundo Frasson et al, vários ensaios clínicos demonstraram uma redução da mortalidade em mulheres entre 50-74 anos de idade, com a realização anual de MMG, associada ou não ao exame físico realizado pelo médico. No Brasil, a taxa bruta de mortalidade por câncer de mama apresentou uma elevação de 68%, a maior causa de óbitos por câncer na faixa etária entre 40 e 69 anos. Aproximadamente 80% dos tumores são descobertos pela própria mulher ao palpar suas mamas. Realizamos um estudo transversal prospectivo cujo objetivo foi avaliar a freqûencia de mulheres que realizam o AEM e/ou MMG. Foram entrevistadas 71 mulheres na região sul fluminense, com média de idade de 41,6 anos, que foram questionadas quanto à frequência da realização e conhecimento quanto à execução do AEM, assiduidade ao ginecologista e realização de mamografia. Nesta amostra, observamos que 84,5 % das mulheres sabem fazer o autoexame, dentre essas, 68,33% fazem regularmente, os exames; 18,30% têm história familiar e 76,05% frequentam o ginecologista.
Taxa de gestação de embriões equinos mantidos em dois meios comerciais diferentes de manutenção pós-transferência de embriões
Authors: Gomes Letícia Patrão de Macedo , Gavioli Daniele Gavioli , Jacob Júlio Ferraz , Crespilho André Maciel , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo , Gomes Gustavo Mendes
Published: February 2017

Existem diversos meios de manutenção de embriões equinos à disposição para serem utilizados desde a lavagem, transportee inovulação do embrião na receptora. Após a lavagem, o embrião permanece durante o intervalo de tempo até a inovulaçãoe é de fundamental importância que ele seja capaz de manter a qualidade do embrião para que os índices de fertilidadenão sejam afetados.O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência de dois diferentes meios comerciais de manutençãode embriões equinos por até 120 minutos à temperatura ambiente em relação aos índices de gestação pós-inovulação eméguas receptoras da raça Mangalarga Marchador. Os 80 embriões coletados foram, aleatoriamente manipulados e mantidosem um dos meios de manutenção: Grupo 1 TQC Holding Plus® (n=44) ou no grupo 2 BotuEmbryo Holding® (n=36) atéo momento de inovulação à temperatura ambiente por no máximo 120 minutos. A taxa de gestação aos 14 dias do Grupo1 foi de 75% (33/44) e do Grupo 2 foi de 83,3% (30/36). Não foi observada diferença estatística em relação às taxasde gestação entre os dois meios de manutenção avaliados (p=0,3295), concluindo-se que ambos os meios se mostrarameficientes em conseguir taxas satisfatórias de gestação com embriões mantidos até 120 minutos à temperatura ambiente.
Problemas relacionados ao uso de sêmen refrigerado de garanhões
Authors: Gomes Gustavo Mendes , Crespilho André , Gomes Letícia M.
Published: February 2017

Inúmeras biotecnologias se tornaram difundidas, sendo a inseminação artificial a mais utilizada na indústria equina. Pela necessidade em aumentar a longevidade dos espermatozoides e garantir altas taxas de fertilização, a tecnologia de refrigeraçãoespermática tem sido amplamente estudada e utilizada comercialmente na produção de cavalos.No entanto, até o presente existem alguns pontos que impedem a difusão plena dessa biotecnologia, como os resultados inconstantes e as vezes insatisfatórios que ocorrem ao trabalhar com sêmen refrigerado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar os pontos críticos relativos à utilização de sêmen refrigerado equino em programas de reprodução animal na espécie.
Blood Profile of Vitamin A and β-Carotene During Post-Partum Period in Surti Goats
Authors: Chaudhary Sandhya S. , Manat Tanvi D. , Singh Virendra Kumar , Patel Sanjay  B.
Published: February 2017

The present study was undertaken to study levels of vitamin A and β-carotene in blood of postpartum
Surti goats. 40 Surti goats were selected comprising of 20 goats with recent parturition
(treatment group) and 20 non-pregnant animals (control group). Blood collection was done on 0,
7, 14, 21, 30 and 45 day post-kidding (treatment group) and once from control group and analyzed
for Vitamin A and β-carotene. Both the analytes were significantly low on 0 day. Significant difference
(P Less Than 0.05) in vitamin A as well as β-carotene (P Less Than 0.01) was observed between 0 and 21st day postpartum
followed by non-significant difference in vitamin A after 21 days. However, β-carotene values
at 21st day significantly differed from those at 30th and 45th day. Non–significant difference between
control and treatment group from 7th day onwards was observed in vitamin A. β-carotene values
of treatment group were significantly lower at 0 and 21st day postpartum as compared to control.
It was concluded that on the day of kidding there is decrease in circulatory levels of vitamin A and
β-carotene and this decrease can be used as an indicator of stress.
Haemato-Biochemical Alterations After Epidural Administration of Dexmedetomidine Alone and in Combination with Bupivacaine in Buffalo Calves
Authors: Jaiswal A. , Pandey S. S. , Parihar A. S. , Rajput N. , Jain R.
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted on 12 healthy male buffalo calves weighing between 50 to 60 Kg to
evaluate haemato-biochemical alterations after epidural injection of dexmedetomidine alone and
in combination with bupivacaine. Haematological examination showed nonsignificant alterations.
Biochemical examination showed significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and
serum creatinine while there was nonsignificant alterations in total protein and alkaline phosphatase.
All haemato-biochemical changes were transient and compensatory.