bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Species Selection and Community Configuration for Residential Areas Based on the Digital Technology
Authors: Wei Heyi , Jiang Wenhua
Published: November 2020

Sunshine is a key ecological factor for plant growth, development, reproduction and their community stability. The SOLWEIG model combined with ArcGIS and, AutoCAD software as a digital platform was used in this paper, and which focus on sunshine duration simulation by these digital technologies. Results show that the maximum sunshine duration is 10 hours, the minimum sunshine duration is 0 hours, and the average is about 4 hours in the sample points of the study area. The order from high to low is N>D>F>B>E>G>K>C>A>L>M (patches of planting area) in sunshine duration, the average highest value is 6 hours and the lowest is 1.6 hours for the 11 greening patches in this study. These results also indicate that the building height and layout is the major factor of influence in the change of sunshine hours when other parameters are stable. On this basis, the research combined with the standard system of sunshine requirements of landscape plants, an empirical analysis of plant selection and community configuration to show through a case of Tongxiang city in Zhejiang province, China. The value of this research is to provide a theoretical method for plant selection and community configuration in urban built-up areas.
Prevalência de polifarmácia, benzodiazepínicos e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Gatto Cristine Melania , Jorge Matheus Santos Gomes , Wibelinger Lia Mara , Bertolin Telma Elita , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Doring Marlene
Published: November 2020

Com o envelhecimento humano há aumento dos problemas de saúde apresentados pelos idosos e, muitas vezes, os familiares, ou os próprios indivíduos, optam por atendimentos especializados em geriatria, como é o caso das instituições de longa permanência para os idosos. Concomitante a isso, ocorre aumento do consumo de medicamentos por parte desta população, especialmente dos benzodiazepínicos, caracterizando, assim, a polifarmácia. Com base nisto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de polifarmácia, consumo de benzodiazepínicos e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados. Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, com 219 idosos residentes em 10 instituições de longa permanência para idosos distribuídas em Passo Fundo/RS e Bento Gonçalves/RS. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, onde registrou-se os dados de identificação, variáveis sociodemográficas, estado cognitivo e condições de saúde. Para análise empregou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Observou-se que a maioria da amostra era de mulheres, brancas, com 80 anos ou mais, baixa escolaridade, viúvas e com declínio cognitivo. Houve um expressivo número de idosos com doenças crônicas e que apresentavam polifarmácia, porém poucos casos do uso de benzodiazepínicos. A polifarmácia associou-se à hipertensão arterial sistêmica, demência, depressão e as doenças cardiovasculares (p<0,05). O uso de benzodiazepínicos associou-se ao acidente vascular encefálico e demência (p<0,05). Em suma, as evidências apresentadas podem instigar à construção de políticas públicas, visionadas em melhores condições de saúde e atenção à polifarmácia nesta população.
Caracterización diferencial de la investigación social
Authors: Villarroel Soto Raúl
Published: November 2020

¿Cómo podríamos caracterizar un criterio distintivo que permita identificar la naturaleza de la investigación social? Mi apuesta apunta a considerar a la ciencia social como un ámbito en donde la empatía y la interpretación son elementos determinantes para los procesos de investigación. Bajo esta consideración, el trabajo del investigador social se analiza desde un compromiso ético desde el que puede ser definido como una actividad social. Considero que la investigación social no solamente puede ser considerada como un procedimiento técnico, sino que debe admitir una reflexión e identificación de los valores involucrados en su formulación en función de resguardar los derechos de su campo de estudio. De esta manera, el punto de vista de los investigadores acerca de la humanidad y la sociedad constituyen un factor decisivo para promover los componentes éticos del conjunto de prácticas representadas por la investigación social.
Producción de textos escritos. Lo epistémico y lo desarrollador
Authors: Acosta Gómez Israel , Cubillas Quintana Fidel , Águila Consuegra Maritza Esther
Published: November 2020

La escritura posee una función heurística,que permite la investigación de ciertos códigos que le permiten ofrecen significación a hechos los cuales deben explicarse. Se identificaron problemas en torno a las bases teóricas, y se podrá reflexionar respecto a la escritura como proceso-producto y como acto epistémico de trasformación socio cognitiva del educando. Se ha lanzado un taller de escritura creativa a través de la lectura de un poema, para connotar los espacios de significación y autorregulación del acto comunicativo. Para evaluar la certidumbre del estudio se empleó el método de experimento pedagógico, en su modalidad de pre-experimento, con un diseño de pre-test y pos-test. Los efectos positivos conseguidos en los educandos del grupo experimental con respecto a los niveles de creatividad y suficiencia, han demostrado la pertinencia y efectividad de las actividades propuestas.
Insurgencia de Lenguas e Identidad Indígena en Sistemas Educativos una visión desde un País en Vías de Desarrollo
Authors: Espinoza Cuesta María Fernanda , Inga Ortega Esteban Mauricio
Published: November 2020

Se presenta los resultados que se obtuvieron al investigar los programas educomunicativos interculturales, en la importancia para la transformación del aprendizaje. Las estrategias de participación y colaboración que aportan al desarrollo individual y social, además de la integración multidisciplinaria. Reconociendo los espacios que ponen en práctica las políticas educomunicativas interculturales. En Ecuador, se dedican programas educativos desde el reconocimiento a sus 14 nacionalidades. Es decir, se espera que las reformas en los métodos educativos sean interculturales; Sin embargo, el kichwa al tener mayor número de hablantes después del lenguaje español, está ausente en las aulas y espacios de desarrollo social.
Representando una problemática para sus hablantes nativos. La limitación para poder acceder a una educación de calidad significa la ausencia de estudiantes en los distintos campos educativos. Por consiguiente, la pérdida del lenguaje kichwa e identidad de sus hablantes. Incrementando la desigualdad y falta de democracia. Los estudios muestran nuevas vías educomunicacionales para incorporar la interculturalidad por medio del ámbito virtual. De esta manera, se incrementa el acceso de estudiantes desde diferentes espacios, capacitando a educadores en la lengua kichwa como en métodos educativos interculturales. Las plataformas utilizan programas que se desarrollen en su lengua materna kichwa
Comparación leche de vaca y sustituto lácteo en la alimentación de terneros mestizos destetados precozmente
Authors: Vera Rodríguez José Humberto
Published: November 2020

En la finca Santa Bárbara de la parroquia Canuto-Chone-Manabí-Ecuador se evaluaron dos sistemas de alimentación láctea y dos períodos de destete: T1) Leche de vaca, destete 30 días; T2) Leche de vaca, destete 45 días; T3) Sustituto lácteo comercial Ecomilk E.Q., destete 30 días; T4) Sustituto lácteo comercial Ecomilk E.Q., destete 45 días, sobre los parámetros productivos: Peso (Kg), consumo de alimento (Kg), ganancia de peso (Kg), conversión alimenticia (Kg/Kg) y análisis de costos (U$) en 20 terneros mestizos 75% Sahiwal / 25% Jersey a partir de 1 día de nacido con un peso promedio de 34.70±0.75 Kg; Los terneros fueron estabulados individualmente y alimentados con heno de alfalfa, concentrado pre-inicial con 25% de proteína y agua a voluntad durante 90 días de estudio. El análisis estadístico de las variables estudiadas se realizó desde un diseño completamente aleatorizado factorial (2x2) con 5 repeticiones por tratamiento, analizados en el Paquete Estadístico IBM SPSS versión 20. No existiendo diferencias significativas entre los factores en estudio y su interacción sobre los parámetros productivos; mientras que el análisis de costos mostró beneficio del destete precoz a los 30 días, con ventajas al utilizar el sustituto lácteo. Concluyendo que, a pesar de no presentarse diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos y variables en estudio, el análisis de costos por Kg de alimento consumido en base a materia seca, mostró beneficios a favor del destete precoz 30 días, al combinar este factor con sustituto lácteo, representando así un ahorro del 15%.
Aula invertida como estrategia didáctica para propiciar el aprendizaje conceptual de la Mecánica de Fluidos de Física General en el nivel superior
Authors: Perdomo García Grevil , Galo Alejandro
Published: November 2020

El propósito del presente artículo es presentar los resultados que sustentan la efectividad del aula invertida en la movilización de conocimiento para el aprendizaje de conceptos de mecánica de fluidos de los estudiantes de Física en el nivel superior. Razón por la que se determina la evolución que experimentan las ideas previas de los estudiantes sobre conceptos relacionados con la mecánica de fluidos, el nivel de aprendizaje de conceptos adquirido por estos educandos después de abordar la unidad mecánica de fluidos mediante la estrategia didáctica de aula invertida, así como el grado de aprobación de los alumnos con respecto al desarrollo y aplicación de esta metodología didáctica. Se precisa la evolución y el nivel aprendizaje de conceptos con el factor de concentración de Bao y la ganancia normalizada de Hake. Encontrando una efectividad media de esta metodología, representada por un valor de 0.59 de ganancia normalizada de Hake.
Resilience engineering in practice: Reflecting on a pediatric hospital’s preparation for unknown coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Yin Shanqing , Chong Chia Yin , Ng Kee Chong , Lee Khai Pin
Published: November 2020

At the start of 2020, hospitals around the world were trying to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the resilience engineering perspective, this outbreak would be a significant test as healthcare institutions try to tolerate and manage this major disruption. This paper shares insights on what a stand-alone paediatric hospital in Singapore had done to stay ahead since the beginning of the outbreak. Observations were conducted from 25-Jan-20 to 25-Mar-20 to capture evidence of resilient behavior, notably in the form of improvisations. Findings revealed adaptations made across various organization levels: at the macrosystem to create capacity to isolate safely, at the mesosystem to facilitate teamwork, and at the microsystem to manage compromises at the frontlines. Juxtaposing this episode with other examples of organizational resilience, this paper maps out common resilience engineering themes in the hospital’s response to COVID-19, but also questions what defines an organization’s success in being resilient.
Ductility of confined concrete masonry shear walls
Authors: Priestley M. J. N.
Published: November 2020

Calculations for the ductility capacity of unconfined concrete masonry shear walls developed in a previous paper are extended to cover the case of confined masonry shear walls. Design charts are presented which show that the available ductility will always be greater than three times the value for a corresponding unconfined wall. Recommendations to govern the required extent of confinement are made.
Cyclic loading tests of slender concrete masonry shear walls
Authors: Priestley M. J. N. , Elder D. McG
Published: November 2020

The design, construction and testing of three slender concrete masonry shear walls is reported. The three walls, modelling 190 mm thick blockwork walls of four to five stories height to a scale of 1:0.737 were subjected to cyclic reversals of in-plane displacements at gradually increasing ductility factors, simulating the effects of seismic loading. Variables between walls included axial load level, and whether or not confining plates were placed in the mortar beds in the compression zones of the potential plastic hinge region. All walls were constructed by conventional methods, and included lapped starter bars within the plastic hinge. Results indicated that the unconfined walls suffered strength degradation at levels of ductility lower than those required by current ductile design practice. This was particularly the case for the wall with heavy axial> loading, and confirmed theoretical predictions of available ductility based on a limiting ultimate compression strain of 0.25%. Response of the confined wall exhibited greatly improved behaviour compared with an otherwise identical unconfined wall. In all walls behaviour was significantly, and adversely, affected by the lapping of flexural steel at the wall base.
Stroke Pentagon: Stroke Management Approach in Resource Poor Settings
Authors: EZE Chukwuemeka O.
Published: November 2020

Stroke is a neurological condition that is characterized by sudden onset focal neurological deficit due to spontaneous cerebral vascular occlusion or rupture. It is a neurological emergency and its prevalence is very high, especially in developing countries where it assumes an epidemic proportion. It is globally the second most common cause of death after ischaemic heart disease. The poor indices in developing countries are multifactorial and related to late case presentation, ignorance, poverty, and unavailability of comprehensive and well-coordinated stroke care. There is a need to identify the available and cheap stroke management steps in the developing countries and strengthen the system to maximize the benefits in reduction of the morbidity and mortality of stroke. It is against this background that we identified Stroke prevention, acute stroke management, Stroke rehabilitation, Stroke research, and Stroke support as five pillars (stroke pentagon) in stroke management in developing countries. There is a need to sensitize the stakeholders in stroke management as highlighted in the stroke pentagon to assume more responsibility. Moreover, there is the need to have a more coordinated and concerted stroke management approach which will involve all the identified five pillars to ensure improved stroke indices in the developing countries.
Chinese Shuyuan: A Legacy in Chinese Education History, or a Solution for Modern Undergraduates in China?
Authors: Zeng Zhen
Published: November 2020

The paper looked into concepts claimed to be essence of Chinese residential college, an on-going institution presumed to be a solution towards undergraduates’ issues in some pioneer universities in China. It’s analyzed that Chinese residential college today in China is not a Shuyuan that was ever striving as a unique education mode in ancient China, even if it’s named after Shuyuan in Chinese, concerning on its nature, function and goal, while it’s not a conventional residential college in English speaking countries neither. By investigation and comparison of its origin, function and features among Shuyuan and Chinese residential college, the spirit of development of a human with goodness and well-being through pursuit of knowledge and culture inherited and transmitted in Shuyuan is unearthed, which is supposed to be the resource of inspiration when the pioneer universities and educators designed and operate residential college on Chinese campus, though the effects couldn’t be accounted as appealing as what Shuyuan produced in ancient China. The research aims to depict a real Shuyuan, an education legacy every being alive in Chinese history, which were featured with paramount concepts and values that should be correctly recognized and implemented when there is great concern around undergraduates.
Behavior of a Model for Feedback-Controlled Reverberating Circuit and Immediate Memory Function
Authors: Rodrigues V. F. , Wedemann R. S. , De Castro M. C. S. , Silva D. , Cortez C. M.
Published: November 2020

In this work we implement a mathematical model of synaptic transmission connecting neurons in a circuit of reverberating discharges in order to investigate its behavior in front of parametric variations. Using a program developed in C language, we verified if this model would behave as short-term memory circuit. In the simulation, we used neural parametric values from experimental measures in animal. Our model was able to reproduce polysynaptic activity of a neuronal group of rat brain (looping time of about 102 ms). On the other hand, we verified that the inhibitory feedback synapses in circuit with weight varying with presynaptic firing time and frequency is capable to change the circuit characteristic to reproduce the typical behavior of neural circuits. The results suggest that, differently from some recent considerations, the reverberating circuit model has great potential to reproduce the typical behavior of neural circuits and could be seen as a possible model for immediate memory.
Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Dry Air by Using Cubic Peng-Robinson EoS for Gas Mixtures
Authors: ÇOBAN Mustafa Turhan , KAVAS Süleyman
Published: November 2020

Dry air is one of the most used gases in industrial and technological applications. In dry air thermodynamic property calculations, it is usually ideal gas EoS is used. The basic reason for this is the simplicity of using ideal gas EoS. For most applications, it might be sufficient, but when applications with higher pressure zones are considered error level will increase. An equation of state with better accuracy of thermodynamic properties will be required for extreme cases. Therefore, Peng-Robinson cubic equation of states (EoS) for dry air is considered in this paper. Set of computer programs were developed in java language in order to calculate thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of dry air and compared with perfect gas EoS and EoS developed by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS).
Estructura de mercado para cerdos vivos en México
Authors: Callejas Juarez Nicolas , Martinez Castañeda Francisco Ernesto , Rebollar Rebollar Samuel
Published: November 2020

El comportamiento de productores y consumidores de cerdos vivos determina el primer eslabón de la cadena de valor del sistema de producción de cerdos. El objetivo fue analizar la relación comercial de cerdos vivos entre los centros de abasto y centros de sacrificio en México, utilizando la teoría del análisis de redes sociales. Los datos analizados correspondieron al periodo quinquenal del año 2000 al 2019. El número de relaciones comerciales de la red permaneció constante en el periodo; sin embargo, la fragmentación aumento 69.2%; mientras que disminuyeron el grado promedio 33.7%, la conectividad 23.4% la centralidad interna 40.0% y la centralidad externa 10.0%; por lo que, la red mostró una densidad promedio de 2.7±2.1% y disminuyó 23.9% en el periodo, mientras que el grado de centralización aumentó 65.6%. El capital social disminuyó 52.4%, que implicó una menor confianza, cooperación y reciprocidad de información de mercado y de la producción. La red de comercialización de cerdos vivos entre centros de abasto y de sacrificio mostro un bajo grado de densidad o vinculación, que la hace altamente vulnerable en términos de la información del mercado y una mayor dependencia de los centros de sacrificio a los centros de abasto locales.
Wildlife Hazard Management in planning airports
Authors: Skakuj Michał , Łukasik Dorota
Published: November 2020

Worldwide anthropogenic changes influence complex aviation-wildlife relationships. Wildlife Hazard Management (WHM) should include nature conservation. The number of bird strikes continuously increases parallel to growth of air traffic and airport infrastructure. In Poland, ca. 200 bird species have been recorded at aerodromes of which some 30 are considered hazardous to aviation. Analysis of wildlife hazard to aviation should be a part of the preliminary documentation for planned aerodromes. Identification and bird strike risk assessment allow preparation of Wildlife Hazard Management plan which includes pro- and reactive mitigation measures. The measures should consider the most up-to-date available WHM tools, including available radar systems. Operational manuals should include the Wildlife Hazard Management as their inherent part already in the planning phase. This requires systemic and interdisciplinary cooperation both at the airport level and at the level of national air traffic safety management. It should include state authorities but also non-governmental organizations involved in nature protection.
Comorbid Sleep Disorders and Headache Disorders
Authors: Rossi Fabian , Rodriguez-Nazario Carlyn , Sharma Umesh , Benes Lima Lourdes , Rossi Joshua , Alani Mays , Nunes Michelle , Ullah Aqsa , Marie Rossi Elisa , Tsakadze Nina
Published: November 2020

Sleep disorders are closely intertwined with different kinds of headache disorders. In some forms of headaches, this association is profound, such as in hypnic headache, where headaches only occur during sleep, or in cluster headache, which has connection to the REM sleep. In other headaches, the association with sleep is more subtle, but nevertheless, very relevant–for instance in migraine, where sleep deprivation or excessive sleep may act as a trigger for migraine, while sleep has a curative effect on the migraine attack. This chapter focuses in the relationship between sleep disorders and headaches focusing on the five primary forms of headaches: migraine, tension-type headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, hypnic headache, and secondary form of headaches such as obstructive-sleep-apnea-related headaches and medication overuse headaches (MOH).
The Corporate Culture of the Enterprises of the Military-Industrial Complex
Authors: Zainullin Sergei , Zainullina Olga
Published: November 2020

The relevance of researching the ways to improve the level of corporate culture in the military-industrial complex is based on the increasing role of the military-industrial complex due to the growing tension in the world. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) data published in March 2018, total global sales of a weapon in 2013–2017 rose by ten percent compared to the previous five years (2008–2012). Among the biggest exporters of armament are also United Kingdom, France, Germany, and China. The economic significance of the military-industrial complex is based on the fact that it fosters the development of related industries such as metallurgy, electronic engineering, instrument-making and so on. At the same time the military-industrial complex faces the following industry-specific challenges: - Rigid state regulation of production; - State control over export and import operations; - High sensitivity to political factors of the external environment; - Ambiguous and polarized public attitude towards weapon and its manufacturers, from massive support of patriotically-minded part of the population to absolute aversion of its pacifist part. It is interesting to identify those particular methods of improving company performance which are successfully put into practice and are really beneficial for the military-industrial complex enterprises applying them which may later serve as a basis for developing a set of measures to increase corporate culture level in the military-industrial complex enterprises in different countries. The analysis is based on comparing the corporate culture of global industry leaders in the USA, Russia and the UK, which are the world’s biggest weapon exporters. The studies and conclusions presented in this analysis can be practically beneficial not only for the military-industrial complex enterprises the specificity of which is a stress test for corporate culture but also for other industrial sectors.
Chaotic Systems with Hyperbolic Sine Nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Jizhao , Ma Yide , Lian Jing , Zhang Xinguo
Published: November 2020

In recent years, exploring and investigating chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity has gained the interest of many researchers. With two back-to-back diodes to approximate the hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, these chaotic systems can achieve simplicity of the electrical circuit without any multiplier or sub-circuits. In this chapter, the genesis of chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity is introduced, followed by the general method of generating nth-order (n > 3) chaotic systems. Then some derived chaotic systems/torus-chaotic system with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity is discussed. Finally, the applications such as random number generator algorithm, spread spectrum communication and image encryption schemes are introduced. The contribution of this chapter is that it systematically summarizes the design methods, the dynamic behavior and typical engineering applications of chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, which may widen the current knowledge of chaos theory and engineering applications based on chaotic systems.
The Body Speaks Society, School and Culture
Authors: Valentini Manuela , Chiara Mancini Maria , Federici Ario
Published: November 2020

How can we help all children, since birth, become effective communicators and interpreters? Why should nonverbal behaviour be of interest? The aim of this research is to reflect on the importance of every element of the analogical language, related to a target audience of preschool and school children aged between 0 and 8 years that is always little studied. The ability to communicate is an essential skill that has roots in early childhood; preschool children especially prefer the body as means of communication, from birth. Children learn to know the analogical language by observing the one of the parents and by imitating him. It is worth to underline the essential role of school that, beyond the family context, is the privileged environment for the development and learning of communication, both verbal and non-verbal. However, non-verbal languages are determined by cultures, that is, they are not equal for all regardless of cultures, but they change depending on cultures themselves; understand cultural foundations of the communication, in today’s multicultural and pluralistic world, is an essential help to handle an appropriate conversation.
Acute Hydrops and Its Management
Authors: Subudhi Praveen , Patro Sweta , Rao Subudhi Nageswar
Published: November 2020

Acute hydrops is a well-known complication of keratoconus. It usually manifests as sudden onset loss of vision. Mostly presents in the pubertal age group. Allergic conjunctivitis associated with eye rubbing is the most substantial risk factor. Primary pathology being stromal lysis, which triggers the progression of cone, causing an undue stretch on Descemet Membrane, eventually resulting in its splitting and stromal imbibition of aqueous through these ruptures. Clinical signs are circum-cillary congestion and thick/edematous cornea with obscuration of the anterior segment. Conservative therapy delays wound healing; hence early surgical intervention is recommended globally for faster resolution of stromal edema. Long-standing corneal edema mounts to corneal perforation and neovascularisation of cornea. Compressive suture, non expansile intracameral gas injection, Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and mini Descemet membrane keratoplasty are various management modalities reported in literature. Acute hydrops could be well prevented with early identification of progressive keratoconus and halting its progression.
The ‘red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic
Authors: Gardner Joel , Gibbs Jason
Published: November 2020

Sweat bees in the subgenus Lasioglossum (Dialictus) are one of the most diverse and abundant bee taxa, and a critically important component of bee biodiversity. Yet, the most basic taxonomic knowledge of these bees is lacking in many regions. As a step towards a better understanding of the L. (Dialictus) of the western Nearctic region, a revision of the ‘red-tailed’ L. (Dialictus) species was completed. Thirty-six species were revised, 20 of which are described as new, and two names are treated as junior subjective synonyms. Descriptions, figures, distribution maps, floral hosts, and keys to species for females and males are provided. The following 20 species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) arenisaltans sp. nov., L. (D.) argammon sp. nov., L. (D.) austerum sp. nov., L. (D.) cactorum sp. nov., L. (D.) cembrilacus sp. nov., L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov., L. (D.) clavicorne sp. nov., L. (D.) decorum sp. nov., L. (D.) festinum sp. nov., L. (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., L. (D.) julipile sp. nov., L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov., L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov., L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., L. (D.) perditum sp. nov., L. (D.) rufornatum sp. nov., L. (D. ) spivakae sp. nov., L. (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., and L. (D.) torrens sp. nov. Previously unknown males of L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904), L. (D.) droegei Gibbs, 2009, L. (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), and L. (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914) are described and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) clarissimum (Ellis, 1914) (= Halictus clarissimus Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) perexiguum (Sandhouse, 1924) (= Halictus (Chloralictus) perexiguus Sandhouse, 1924) are new subjective junior synonyms of L. mesillense (Cockerell, 1898) (= Halictus nymphalis var. mesillensis Cockerell, 1898). A lectotype specimen is newly designated for L. mesillense, for which the location of the type material has not previously been known. The following five new records for Mexico are reported: L. clematisellum, L. droegei, L. eophilus (Ellis, 1914), L. kunzei, and L. pallidellum.
La langue des bois: l’appropriation de la nature entre remords et mauvaise foi
Authors: Dalla Bernardina Sergio
Published: November 2020

« Ils remplissent de foin la peau de l’ours et après avoir célébré leur victoire avec des chants de raillerie et d’insulte, après lui avoir craché dessus et l’avoir repoussé à coups de pied, ils dressent l’animal sur ses pattes arrière et alors, pendant un temps considérable, ils lui accordent toute la vénération due à un dieu protecteur. » James G. Frazer, Le rameau d’or (1923 : 489) Les Ostiaks, chasseurs d’ours sibériens, traitaient la dépouille de leurs proies avec la plus grande considération. Cela ne les empêchait pas de projeter sur ces proies une agressivité tout aussi sincère. Contradictions de l’homme primitif ? Témoignages d’une époque révolue ? Peut-être pas. Masquée par des nouvelles rhétoriques, protégée par des nouvelles ritualités, cette ambivalence semble orienter encore aujourd’hui nos rapports aux « non humains ». On en trouve des traces dans les espaces naturels, où le spectacle de la prédation, différemment commenté, excite chasseurs et non-chasseurs. Elle hante les ateliers des artistes et les salles des musées, où la mort de l’animal est à la fois pleurée et célébrée. Elle visite nos jardins et nos maisons sans épargner le monde végétal, des plantes d’intérieur aux sapin de Noël. En toile de fond, la « Comédie de l’innocence » dispositif psychologique et social permettant, par l’adoption d’un comportement stéréotypé, de sévir d’un côté et de se déculpabiliser de l’autre.
Analysis of Prevalence of Pyramidal Molars in Adolescent
Authors: Kwon Woojin , Choi Hyung-Jun , Lee Jaeho , Song Je Seon
Published: November 2020

A pyramidal molar is which has completely fused roots with a solitary enlarged canal. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pyramidal molars among adolescent.
A total of 1,612 patients’ panoramic radiographs were screened. A total of 12,896 first and second molars were evaluated. The relative incidence and the correlations regarding the location of pyramidal molar (maxillary versus mandibular) and gender were analyzed using the chi-square test.
The overall incidence of patients with pyramidal molars was 1.49%. 24 patients were found to have a pyramidal molar and it was more prevalent in women (18 women and 6 men). The prevalence of pyramidal molars from all first and second molars examined was 0.31%. 88 percent of pyramidal molars occurred in maxilla. All pyramidal molars were second molar.
Pyramidal molar has a relatively poor periodontal prognosis compared with common multi-rooted teeth and it is important to understand the structural characteristics of root canal during pulp treatment. Clinicians should be able to understand the anatomical properties of pyramidal molar and apply it to treatment and prognostic evaluation.
Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibition Effect of Indocyanine Green and Near Infrared Diode Laser
Authors: Kim Yeowon , Park Howon , Lee Juhyun , Seo Hyunwoo , Lee Siyoung
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Indocyanine Green (ICG) and near-infrared (NIR) diode laser on Streptococcus mutans biofilms depending on ICG concentrations.
S. mutans biofilms were formed on a Hydroxyapatite disk, and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mg/mL ICG solutions dissolved in sterile distilled water and a NIR diode laser having a power of 300 mW and a wavelength of 808 nm were applied to the biofilms. The temperature changes of the biofilm surface according to the concentrations of the ICG solution were measured using a 1-channel thermocouple thermometer.
Compared to the control group, in the groups with only the 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mg/mL ICG solution application, and in the groups with the 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mg/mL ICG solution application and light irradiation, a statistically significant decrease in the bacterial counts were observed.
The temperature increase according to the concentration of the ICG solutions was 9.53℃, 10.43℃, 11.40℃, 12.10℃, 12.67℃, and 13.63℃ in ICG solutions of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mg/mL respectively.This study presents the potential for clinical application of ICG and NIR diode lasers as a new method for preventing dental caries.
Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Teeth with Modified Nance Appliance : Case Reports
Authors: Park Sehee , Choi Namki , Kim Seonmi
Published: November 2020

Proper treatment of an impacted tooth is required as it causes functional and esthetic disharmony, as well as it can cause root absorption of adjacent teeth. Treatment options for impacted teeth include periodic observation, surgical exposure, orthodontic traction followed by surgical exposure, tooth transplantation, and extraction. Modified Nance appliance, used for orthodontic traction, is clinically useful because it does not require patient cooperation. Through orthodontic traction combined with surgical exposure of impacted maxillary incisors, canines, and molars using modified Nance appliance, adequate results can be obtained.
Onomatopoeia in Japanese cultural context
Authors: Jotov Milica
Published: November 2020

Onomatopoeia is universal in its existence. People naturally translate the sounds they hear into the phonetic vocabulary of their language. In this way, the influences of language and culture are intertwined and the sounds we hear are translated into language. Onomatopoeia is primarily culturally motivated. This complicates the learning of a foreign symbolic system because it requires knowledge of the cultural characteristics of that society as well as a certain degree of understanding of the phonetic system of the language being learned. Gitaigo words, subcategories of onomatopoeia in Japanese, are culturally motivated, but generally words of this category are not formed by real sounds that can be heard, which for a speaker of a foreign language requires great knowledge in the field of Japanese culture.
Visualizando libros difundidos y censurados durante la Guerra Fría: 1956-1971. El caso Alfred Reisch
Authors: Martínez Hernández Carlos Alberto , Aparicio López Martha , Castañeda Olvera Sergio
Published: November 2020

El siguiente trabajo es un esfuerzo por repensar las tareas actuales de profesionales de la información, en este caso, desde la perspectiva humanística. De esta manera, se muestra un acercamiento a los libros que fueron censurados, prohibidos y difundidos durante la etapa de la Guerra Fría, principalmente en aquellos países que conformaban el bloque comunista. Este artículo expone cómo con la extracción de datos de un corpus documental, recabados del libro Hot Books in the Cold War: The CIA-Funded Secret Western Book Distribution Program Behind the Iron Curtain y visualizados con la herramienta Tableau Public, es posible encontrar una forma distinta de entender un hecho histórico.
Emotional labour and work-family conflict in voice-to-voice and face-to-face customer relations: A multi-group study in service workers
Authors: Emanuel Federica , Colombo Lara , Santoro Stefania , Cortese Claudio G. , Ghislieri Chiara
Published: November 2020

Professions that involve interaction with customers entail great emotional effort: workers are required to show emotions different from their true feeling and they experienced emotional dissonance and verbal aggression from customers. These job demands can generate discomfort and the effects of emotional labour can “expand” in other life domains. The study investigated the relationship among emotional dissonance, customer verbal aggression, affective discomfort at work and work-family conflict, considering differences between two groups of service workers: call centre agents (CA; N = 507, voice-to-voice relation with customers) and supermarket cashiers (SC; N = 444, face-to-face relation with customers). Results showed that emotional dissonance and customer verbal aggression had a positive relationship with work-family conflict, the mediational role of affective discomfort emerged in both groups; different effects of job demands in subsamples appeared. Suggestions for organisations and work processes emerged in order to identify practical implications useful to support employees in coping with emotional labour and to promote well-being and work-family balance.
Othering and deprioritizing older adults’ lives: Ageist discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Søraa Roger Andre , Manzi Federico , Kharas Mark W. , Marchetti Antonella , Massaro Davide , Riva Giuseppe , Serrano J. Artur
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is showing troubling othering demographic discourses. For older adults in particular, there are concerning thematics that should be shined light on. In this editorial, we provide perspectives from three countries: Norway, Italy and the United States. We provide four topics of discussion that can be utilized to further understand othering discoures of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as potential future disasters.
Electro-adhesive gripper component selection for pick and place of commonly used materials
Authors:   , Singh Jatinder
Published: November 2020

Automation of handling commonly used materials such as Nitrile gloves, Polypropylene sheet, Polycarbonate sheet, HDPE and Glass poses certain key challenges such as uniform grip of the material, ply separation, smooth operation with no contamination of material, release in correct orientation, tuneable to various loads, efficient speed and accuracy and attaining repeatable and reliable results. This research focuses on electro-adhesive gripping technology as a solution for material handling in an industrial automation setup. Since electroadhesion is a micro level phenomenon that works on the principles of a parallel plate capacitor, the key components that influence the performance of this gripper are the Electrode structure, Dielectric material, Base material and Power supply. Through literature review, substantiated by experimentation of various configurations/materials that make up individual components of the gripper, following solution was identified to provide repeatable and reliable results with 68.75% efficiency: (a) Interdigitated Electrodes, (b) Liquid dielectrics: Barium titanate mixture (ratio 2:1) deposited evenly on the electrodes, (c) Nylon used as base material, (d) DC power supply for the pick-up cycle, (e) Switch-off of the power supply in release cycle. For efficiency calculation, an equation was derived where efficiency of achieving repeatable and reliable results is expressed as a percentage of number of experiments with desired outcome vs the total number of experiments conducted. Here desired outcome is further defined as directly proportional to the successful pick up and release of object and inversely proportional to the time taken in each case. Such a universal equation can be used for analysis of experiments on any similar application of automated handling of objects.
L’entretien d’analyse de l’activité en didactique professionnelle : l’EA-CDP
Authors: Numa-Bocage Line
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente les facteurs et critères de l’entretien en autoconfrontation à visée de didactique professionnelle (EA-CDP) que nous utilisons régulièrement dans nos recherches collaboratives, notamment dans l’analyse de l’activité en didactique professionnelle. Notre propos vise à engager une réflexion et un débat sur le statut conféré à l’autoconfrontation dans la démarche de recherche et sur l’enjeu que recouvre cette méthode dans la formation professionnelle. Après avoir fait le constat que l’autoconfrontation est discutée en sciences humaines et sociales en tant que technique d’investigation, méthode ou objet de recherche, nous essayons d’identifier des dimensions qui en font tout à la fois une méthode d’investigation et un outil de formation professionnelle. Puis nous cherchons à montrer en quoi l’autoconfrontation inscrite dans le cadre théorique de la didactique professionnelle constitue un outil de développement professionnel, et que dans ce cas, son intégration dans des ingénieries de formation professionnelle est pertinente.
Former des analystes en sciences sociales. Considérer les ficelles de la méthode comme outils d’enseignement
Authors: Arneton Mélissa , Mayol Séverine
Published: November 2020

Cette contribution présente de manière réflexive un projet d’enseignement de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives en master 1 de sciences sociales. Celui-ci est conçu autour des apports réciproques des deux méthodes dans la démarche de recherche scientifique pluridisciplinaire. L’objectif poursuivi était d’initier les étudiantes et étudiants à l’investigation en mobilisant un dispositif d’inspiration socioconstructiviste, l’enquête collective tutorée. La discussion revient sur l’intérêt de ce format d’enseignement conçu dans une démarche active d’apprentissage comme un pont entre la théorie de la méthode et la pratique d’analyste.
The prospects of formation of transboundary agglomeration (On the example of Almetyevsk – Oktyabrsky agglomeration)
Authors: Gataullin Rinat Fazltdinovich , Ataeva Aysylu Garifullovna , Ulyaeva Alsu Garifullovna
Published: November 2020

The goal of this article consists in assessment of possibility of existence of transregional agglomeration between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Bashkortostan based on evaluation of the criteria of composition of agglomeration. The subject of this research is the composition of the oilfield service polycentric small urban agglomeration Oktyabrsky – Tuymazy located on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the composition of the Almetyevsk polycentric agglomeration located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, which provisionally includes both indicated agglomerations along with other potential zoned of influence of the largest cities of agglomeration – Almetyevsk and Oktyabrsky. The criteria for delimitation contained economic, integration and geographical. The object of this research is the municipal formation of city district level and municipal districts (8 municipal formations on the part of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and 12 municipal formations on the part of the Republic of Tatarstan). The research covers the period from 2014 to 2018. The conclusion is made that the oilfield service polycentric small urban agglomeration Oktyabrsky – Tuymazy and Almetyevsk polycentric agglomeration, which are formalized  to one or another degree, do not correspond with the classical approaches towards assessment of agglomerativity, as they do not have a balance between functional roles of the core and the periphery of agglomeration. At the same time the strength of economic gravitation of the municipal formations between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Bashkortostan leads to the establishment of Almetyevsk – Oktyabrsky polycentric transregional agglomeration, which provisionally includes both of the  indicated agglomerations, and which in accordance with the classical parameters for assessing delimitation and agglomeration level can be considered a more developed agglomeration than the initial ones.
A PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE ALLOYS OF THE SAMARIUM-NICKEL BINARY SYSTEM
Authors: PAN YU-YING  , ZHENG JIAN-XUAN  ,   广西大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The samarium-nickel binary system has been studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and metallographic analyses. The phase diagram has been determined. In the system the following eight intermetallie compounds were observed: Sm3Ni(decomposes at 664℃), SmNi (M. P. 1079℃), SmNi2 (decomposes at 1034℃), SmNi,(decomposes at 1135℃), Sm2Ni7 (decomposes at 122℃), SmNi4 (decomposes at1282℃), SmNi5 (M. P. 143℃), and Sm2Ni17 (decomposes at 1288℃). Three eutec-tics occur: Sm,Ni-SmNi (570℃,～32 at%Ni), SmNi-SmNi2 (809℃, 53.5 at%Ni) andSm2Ni17-Ni (128℃, 94 at%Ni). Neither Sm in Ni nor Ni in Sm shows any detectablesolid solubility.
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF AMORPHOUS (Fe1-x Cox)78 Si9.5B12.5 ALLOYS
Authors: GUO HUI-QUN  , ZHAN WEN-SHAN  , SHEN BAO-GEN  , ZHANG ZHI-YING  , WANG CHANG-HENG  , XIE KAN  , QI SHANG-XUE  , PAN XIAO-SHUO  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The experimental results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for amorphous (Fe1-x Cox)78 Si9.5 B12.5 alloys are reported. The Co-content dependence of the binding energy of the inner electrons in Fe, Co, Si and B element and the density of states at the Fermi surface in these alloys are presented.
ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION ON SILICON SURFACES
Authors: XING YI-RONG  , W. RANKE  ,   (1)Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Faradayweg 4-6,D-1000 Berlin 33,West Germany; (2)中国科学院半导体研究所
Published: November 2020

AES and photoelectron spectra obtained with synchrotron radiation have been used to study the orientation dependence of oxygen adsorption on a cylindrically shaped Si single crystal. At 350 K for 2L exposures, the results revealed that the orientation dependence of the adsorption oxygen amount is comparatively weak, and it ean be understood in terms of step-enhanced adsorption. At intermediate exposures of ～10L, the penetration of oxygen atoms into the crystal lattice was found mainly on (111) orientation. This fact supports a "defect"-type model for the Si(lll)-(7×7) reconstruction.
THE TRIAL AND ERROR PROCEDURES IN THE DIRECT METHOD (Ⅱ)
Authors: Zheng Qi-tai  ,   中国科学院生物物理研究所,中国医学科学院药物研究所,北京
Published: November 2020

Some trial and error procedures are often used in the proceeds of structure determination. The present paper provides some procedures to determine phase of structure factor and to build molecular model (selecting E value and starting set, determining atomic kind and occupancy). Many unknown structures have been solved succes-fully by means of these procedures.
ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS FOR COHERENT THREE-LEVEL J-C MODEL
Authors: LI XIAO-SHEN  , PENG YUE-NAN  ,   (1)江西师范大学物理系; (2)南京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The interaction of a three-level atom initially in the common upper state with two initially coherent fields is investigated. Approximate analytic solutions for mean atomic level occupations and photon numbers are given, which exhibit collapse, revival and initial oscillation period explicitly. These are compared with the results of numerical, calculation, they agree satifactorily.