bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUGARES AND FLAVONOIDS ACCUMULATION DYNAMICS IN PEAR LEAVES UNDER SIMULATED OSMOTIC STRESS
Authors: Mishko Alisa , Mozhar Nina , Vyalkov Vadim , Klyukina Anna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative assessment of three pear varieties in terms of the content of soluble sugars and flavonoids under simulated osmotic stress. The objects of the study are three varieties of pear Pyrus communis L.: two varieties Williams and Conference of European origin and one domestic variety Flamenco selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking. Drought was simulated in two ways. In the first case, the leaves were cut into leaf disks with a diameter of 1 cm, then immersed in a 20 % solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for 2 hours at room temperature. Control is buffer solution not containing polyethylene glycol. The second method is to place pear shoots in a solution of 15 % sorbitol for a day at room temperature, where water was the control. Exposure to 15 % sorbitol caused more intense synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites compared to 20 % PEG solution. In July, an increase in the accumulation of sugars compared to the control was noted in the Conference variety (25.6 mg glucose equivalent/g fresh weight), in August this figure sharply increased in the Flamenco and Williams varieties to 24.3 and 25.7 mg equivalent. glucose/g wet weight, respectively. A significant increase in flavonoid content in response to sorbitol stress was detected in August for the Flamenco and Conference varieties, in which the average values changed from 2.1 and 2.5 to 3.6 and 4.2 mg/g fresh weight, respectively. Treatment of leaf disks with PEG did not initiate an increase in the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. A more effective way to create osmotic stress in the tissues of pear leaves was treatment with a sorbitol solution.
MINERAL FERTILIZERS INFLUENCE ON THE SOYBEAN CROPS SYMBIOTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Tadeeva Viktoriya , Tadeeva Al'bina
Published: June 2024

The purpose of research is to establish the dependence of the applied doses of mineral fertilizers on the symbiotic activity of soybean crops in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania.
Objectives: to establish optimal doses of mineral fertilizers that have a positive effect on the symbiotic activity of soybean crops. Field experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, on lands belonging to the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain Foothill Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The soils of this zone are represented by leached chernozems; the mechanical composition of the upper horizons of the soils under consideration is heavy loamy, silty-dusty. With depth in the profile it becomes lighter and becomes medium loamy. Chernozems leached on pebbles have a good water-resistant structure. The gross humus content is in the range of 1.56–6.30 % depending on the soil section, pH – 5.1–5.7, deeper alkaline. The objects of the study are soybean varieties Iriston and Vita. Iriston is a variety selected by IrAgro LLC, Vita is a variety selected by V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops. The use of various doses of fertilezers increased the number and weight of nodules; with the use of phosphorus-mineral fertilizers, better development of the symbiotic apparatus was observed. The average ASP for the studied years for the soybean variety Iriston in the control variant was 5 425 units, and with the application of phosphorus mine¬ral fertilizers (P60) it was within 11 890 units.For the Vita variety, similar indicators developed and amounted to 3 800 in the control, with the application of P60 – 7 816 units, 4 016 units more. Nitrogen consumption under control for the Iriston variety was 92.5 kg/ha, with the use of phosphorus fertile¬zer (P60) – 131.3 kg/ha. Biological productivity also increased with the use of phosphorus fertilizers for the Iriston variety by 0.57 t/ha, and for the Vita soybean variety – by 0.54 t/ha.
Risk Factors for Helminth Infection in Farmers : Literature Review
Authors: Kurniyawan Enggal Hadi
Published: June 2024

Worm infection is a serious health problem in many countries, especially in areas with poor sanitation. The factors that contribute to worm infection can vary, including environmental factors and human behavior. This study aims to collect and analyze relevant literature on the factors of exposure that affect worm infection in humans. Literature search sources include Google Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed, and ScienceDirect that were published between 2019-2023 and discuss infection exposure agents, organic substances, and the relation between personal hygiene and intestinal worm infection. The research design can be qualitative or quantitative, involving observation, randomized control trials, and case studies. This study involves a population of farmers and uses articles in Indonesian and/or English. The literature review result indicate the importance of personal hygiene, good sanitation, and access to clean water in preventing Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections among farmers. Awareness of personal hygiene practices and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) need to be improved to reduce the risk of infection. Furthermore, sanitation and water sources improvement, as well as specific education, are needed to ensure the health of farmers living in rural, urban, and peri-urban areas. The role of nurses in preventing worm infections among farmers in rural areas includes education on sanitation, hygiene practices, and the use of protective equipment. Nurses also need to conduct regular health monitoring, collaborate with other healthcare teams, and improve communication with local health institutions. They should stay updated with research developments and implement the findings in the practice of care and education for farmers and the community.
Polsko-bułgarskie więzi międzykulturowe w życiu i dziełach Wandy Smochowskiej-Petrowej // "Mieć dwie ojczyzny". Z Aliną Petrową-Wasilewicz rozmawia Margreta Grigorova
Authors: Grigorova Margreta
Published: June 2024

The present text examines the historical-biographical and ideological connection with Bulgaria of the Polish Bulgarianist and Slavist Wanda Smohovska-Petrova, who emigrated to Bulgaria at the beginning of the Second World War. In her scientific monographs, the topic of Polish-Bulgarian relations in the second half of the 19th century is traced. Considered: the contributing moments in her monographs on Polish émigré writers Zygmunt Miłkowski (Teodor Tomasz Jeż) and Michal Tchaikovsky (Sadyk Pasza), in her book on Neophyte Bozveli and the Polish participation in the struggle for an independent Bulgarian church, her original concept about the specifics of the Bulgarian national revival. The importance of her dual cultural identity is emphasized. The text also refers to publications by Wanda Smohowska’s daughter, the Polish journalist Alina Petrova-Wasilewicz. An interview with her is attached.
"Sakralne widzenie świata i człowieka". Obecność świętej Anny w dziewiętnastowiecznych źródłach drukowanych
Authors: Kotlarska Izabela
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to show how St. Anna was presented in various printed texts from the 19th century, and along with it – what was her religious, linguistic picture of the world. The article was prepared based on the analysis of the material collected during the query, which the author sorted and described due to its specificity. The sources were not only religious texts, but also those that only mention her. As one of the most popular saints, closely associated with Mary and Christ, St. Anna appeared in various contexts of the social life of Polish Catholics. The author groups the collected material into the following categories: „reprints of sources from before the 19th century”, „the brotherhood of St. Anna”, „religious utility prints”, „educational and popularizing activities of magazines”, „activities of ethnographers and writers”, and „around the art history”. In this way, an image is created that not so much reflecting the common knowledge about the saint, but showing the multitude of socio-cultural contexts in which she appeared.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. POS INDONESIA (PERSERO) CABANG KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Indri Nur Ulfah  , Budi Rismayadi  , Neni Sumarni
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui pengembangan karir; (2) Mengetahui disiplin kerja; (3) Mengetahui kinerja karyawan; (4) Mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antara Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan; (5) Mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antara Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan; (6) Mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antara Pengembangan Karir dan Disiplin Kerja secara bersama-sama; terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan secara keseluruhan, (1) Pengembangan Karir yang terdapat pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang yaitu baik. (2) Disiplin Kerja yang terdapat pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang yaitu baik. (3) Kinerja Karyawan yang terdapat pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang yaitu baik. (4) Terdapat pengaruh antara Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang. (5) Terdapat pengaruh antara Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang. (6) Terdapat pengaruh antara Pengembangan Karir terhadap Disiplin Kerja pada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Kabupaten Karawang.
This research aims to: (1) Understand career development; (2) Know work discipline; (3) Knowing employee performance; (4) Knowing whether or not there is an influence between Career Development and Employee Performance; (5) Knowing whether or not there is an influence between Work Discipline on Employee Performance; (6) Knowing whether or not there is an influence between Career Development and Work Discipline together; on Employee Performance at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch. The research was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods. Based on the overall calculation results, (1) Career Development at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch is good. (2) Work Discipline contained in PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch is good. (3) Performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch is good. (4) There is an influence between Career Development and Employee Performance at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch. (5) There is an influence between Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch. (6) There is an influence between Career Development and Work Discipline at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Karawang Regency Branch.
UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF EXISTING BAMBOO SCAFFOLD CONNECTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON REUSABILITY
Authors:   Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, GEBREMARIAM Hintsa , AMEDE Ermias ,   Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development, Addis Ababa University, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, HAILEMARIAM Leule ,   Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: June 2024

Bamboo scaffolding is a sustainable alternative to traditional scaffolding materials due to its low carbon footprint, renewability, and strength. Reusable connections are crucial to optimize its sustainability benefits. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the reusability potential of existing bamboo scaffold connections, exploring different connection types, factors influencing reusability, benefits and challenges, and current research and development efforts. Several factors influence the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections, including the design of connections to accommodate mid-culm attachment of secondary components, which is challenging for many existing connection types. Reusing bamboo scaffold connections offers significant sustainability and cost-effectiveness benefits, reducing the demand for new materials and minimizing construction waste. Friction-tight lashing, the most popular and adaptable bamboo scaffold connection method together with mechanical connectors to alleviate problems in traditional friction-tight lashing, offers high reusability potential. More advanced mechanical connections, such as notched and pierced connections, are also being explored for their reusability potential. Ongoing research and development efforts focus on innovative approaches such as three-dimensional printing, parametric software, and glue bonding for custom joint systems to improve the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections. By addressing the challenges and leveraging ongoing research and development efforts, reusable bamboo scaffold connections can play a crucial role in sustainable construction practices.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC RISKS IN AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Mikheeva Anna S. , Botoeva Nadezhda B. ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Bardakhanova Taisiya B. ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Ayusheeva Svetlana N. ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Mekush Galina E. ,   Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia, Vanchikova Elena N. ,   Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Sangadieva Iraida G. ,   Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Published: June 2024

The article updates the scientific development of economic tools for assessing possible environmental and economic risks in the Baikal region. Environmental risks in agricultural production are considered, production losses are calculated using the example of the southern territories. An economic assessment of the consequences of hydrological risks is shown using the example of flooding of agricultural land in the Kabansky district. The features of institutional regulation of environmental protection, as well as regulatory factors of economic activity for agricultural environmental management are presented. The technical and technological costs that cause an increase in production costs in crop and livestock production, lost profits and direct product losses are analyzed.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION CRITERIA ON THE INDICATORS OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE DURING CONSTRUCTION IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia, Strizhov Leonid L.
Published: June 2024

Modern research on accounts receivable studies financial indicators that affect the level of accounts receivable of enterprises, service providers and affect the professional range of tasks of financial departments of organizations. This study presents a mechanism for analyzing accounts receivable based on production factors that affect financial performance in one way or another. The reasons for the occurrence of accounts receivable in the construction of industrial and infrastructure projects of oil and gas production are analyzed. The result of the study is the final assessment of the production and installation company participating in the construction of oil and gas facilities
PROSPECTS FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE NATIONAL PROJECT «SMES AND SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVE»
Authors:   Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Shustrova Valeriia A.
Published: June 2024

Discussions are currently underway on the extension of the national project «Small and medium- sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative». The project, which has started since 2018, has demonstrated positive dynamics of indicators, however, experts draw attention to the fact that the current project is focused on the quantitative growth of SMEs, and not on the qualitative development of this sector of the economy. The article analyzes the indicators and goals that can be included in the updated national project and which will meet not only the request of business, but also will create a stable basis for the economy.
IMPACT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE REGION
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volga Region State University of Service”, Tolyatti, Russia, Kozlov Alexander V. , Kozlov Vladislav V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volga Region State University of Service”, Tolyatti, Russia, Fomin Mikhail V. ,   JSC Acron-Holding
Published: June 2024

The published article is devoted to current issues of import substitution caused by the imposed sanctions and the general geopolitical situation. Import substitution is the key to the competitiveness of both an individual business entity and the economy of the industrial complex as a whole. The main problems of import substitution and the required factors of import substitution are outlined. The scientific article emphasizes the importance of the state as the main driver of import substitution processes in the industrial complex of the Russian Federation, as well as the role of innovatively active enterprises with state participation.
BASICS OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia, Shakhtorin Maxim S.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the information support of management processes and assesses further prospects for the development of information support for management in the Russian Federation. Also in this article we will consider the importance of informatization in management and information systems, their use in modern society. We will study the problems of information support for management processes at the present stage of social development and offer recommendations for improving the information support for management processes.
MODERN FINANCIAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF RETAIL TRADE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia, Alexandrov Yuri A. , Goncharuk Olga V. ,   St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: June 2024

Goal. To summarize the current trends in the development of retail trade in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Tasks. To identify and characterize the main financial, organizational and economic factors and features of the development of retail trade in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Methodology. In this article, based on the use of general methods of scientific knowledge in various aspects, the trends and problems of retail trade development in the Russian Federation are considered. Results. The financial, organizational and economic factors that have a significant impact on the development of retail trade in the Russian Federation at the present stage are identified and analyzed. Conclusions. Studying the specifics of the development of retail trade in the Russian Federation will allow us to determine strategies and mechanisms for its development in the interests of the population, business, and the state.
3D-bioprinted bone for regenerative medicine: Current concepts and future perspectives
Authors: Lovászi Borbála , Szűcs Diána , Monostori Tamás , Kemény Lajos , Veréb Zoltán
Published: June 2024

The shortages in human tissue and organ donors have made clinical therapy relatively challenging. Therefore, research has been initiated over the last decades to develop artificial tissues and organs, particularly from cell and tissue cultures. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a recent technology capable of building structures for implantation, and these constructs closely resemble native tissues, such as skin, liver, connective tissues, and supportive tissues (bone and cartilage). In this review, we briefly introduce the structure, function, and development of bone tissues, followed by a detailed discussion on 3D bioprinting techniques, materials, and their recent advancements for clinical applications.
The consequences of misinformation concern on media consumption
Authors: Harris Elizabeth A. , DeMora Stephanie L. , Albarracín Dolores
Published: June 2024

For the last decade, policymakers, journalists, and scientists have continued to alert us of the threat of misinformation for making sound decisions in the political, health, and environmental domains. In this study, we evaluate whether perceiving misinformation as a threat affects media use, particularly considering selection of media sources that are politically aligned. We show which groups are more likely to be concerned about misinformation and find experimental and correlational evidence of an impact of concern on greater use of politically aligned sources among Democrats. We also found no evidence that perceiving higher ability to detect misinformation decreases this association.
Za'ba's Approach in the Translation of Anak Raja dengan Anak Papa
Authors: Haroon Haslina
Published: June 2024

One important figure in the history of translation in Malaysia is Zainal Abidin bin Ahmad or Za‘ba. He is the translator of Anak Raja dengan Anak Papa (1958), the first translated novel published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka after its establishment in 1956. Za‘ba’s talent as a translator, however, is rarely discussed. Taking this into account, this article focuses on Za‘ba, specifically to discuss how he dealt with the translation of Anak Raja dengan Anak Papa, which was translated based on the English novel The Prince and the Pauper. To achieve this objective, a comparison is carried out between the translation, Anak Raja dengan Anak Papa (1958), and its source text, The Prince and the Pauper (1882). The changes that occur in the translated text are determined based on Nida’s (1964) framework of techniques of adjustment in translation. The analysis points to the fact that Za‘ba attempted to accommodate his translation for his target readers through the use of addition and alteration. Through this target-oriented approach, the conveyed meaning is clearer, and the resulting text is more reader-friendly. In view of the importance of this translation in the context of the history of publishing in Malaysia, this study hopes to contribute to the documentation of the history of translation in Malaysia, particularly involving translation into Malay in the early years after independence.
Optimal Power Flow of Power System with Unified Power Flow Controller Using Moth Flame Optimization with Locational Marginal Price
Authors: Kunapareddy Trinadh Babu , Bali Sravana Kumar
Published: June 2024

Consideration of transmission line capacity and the optimal power flow (OPF) determines the locational marginal price (LMP), which in turn determines the performance and profitability of a producing unit. Reducing the total cost of the generators can lead to a drop in the market price of electricity. It is recommended to use numerical and repetition-based approaches for solving power flow equations due to their nonlinear nature. In order to achieve the ideal power flow at an affordable price, this paper employs a Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) to solve the equations. We then enhance the MFO’s structure to make it more effective at performing the simultaneous calculations of power passing through transmission lines. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) tool that has been utilized to overcome this problem is the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Lastly, the proposed MFO algorithm would include the following parameters in its output: bus voltages, line losses, generated power, total generating expenditures, and generator profits. In this work, the proposed method is tested on the IEEE 57-bus network also shows that it improves upon the OPF problem.
NON-ADHERENCE TO HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL MEDICATIONS: ‘THE DRUGS ARE WORKING AND I’M A CONTINUING SUCCESS STORY’
Authors: Cummins Denise , Trotter Garry , Millar Kristine
Published: June 2024

Non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) regimens has been associated with HIV drug resistance. Anecdotal evidence in our client group, people living with HIV/AIDS infection in Central Sydney Area Health Service (CSAHS), suggested that nonadherence was an issue. Eighty three participants completed an anonymous questionnaire; with a 98% response rate. The mean age of respondents was 44 years with 68% over age 40 years. 68% of respondents missed doses of ARV, 54% because they forgot. 54% stated they did not report the non-adherence to their doctor. They were more likely to miss the lunch time dosage (n=49, p<0.05). The results demonstrate that non-adherence with medications is a significant issue and further research into strategies for interventions to aid adherence is required.
TELL ME WHAT WE DO. USING WORK SAMPLING TO FIND THE ANSWER
Authors: Duffield Christine , Wise Wendy
Published: June 2024

As Australian hospitals have restructured and work patterns have changed ‘multi-skilling’ has become a necessary component for health care professionals, especially nurses. To date, there has been little empirical evidence to assess these changes and their effects on nurses and nursing work. This paper will discuss work sampling as a research method to assess what nurses do and how they spend their working day. The results examine nursing activities carried out in a private, not for profit hospital in metropolitan Sydney, Australia, and will be used to highlight the uses of this type of data. Work sampling can, in conjunction with other management tools, prove invaluable for managers.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OF NURSES WORKING IN HIGH RISK AREAS: AN AUSTRALIAN STUDY
Authors: Hills Sharon , Wilkes Lesley
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore the incidence, reporting and management of occupational exposure among nurses working in high-risk areas in two major hospitals in the western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. A structured questionnaire with a mixture of open and closed ended questions was developed to survey the nurses. The responses to each question was analysed using either a quantitative approach for closed ended questions, or a qualitative approach that compared frequency of themes for the open-ended questions. Under reporting of exposures, concern following an exposure and dissatisfaction of nurses with the reporting process were identified. This paper emphasises the need for organisations to have user-friendly protocols for immediate reporting and management of exposures by knowledgeable assessors.
THE DEAKIN COPING SCALE: STRATEGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DEMANDS
Authors: Moore Kathleen
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to present The Deakin Coping Scale, a scale grounded in theory and in the qualitative reports of nurses’ coping strategies. Data from 201 nurses working in public and private hospitals revealed four reliable factors: appraisal, challenge/commitment, use of social resources and avoidance, which together explained 57% of the variance. The factor structure was cross-validated among university students. A second-order factor analysis revealed these factors loaded onto a latent variable labelled management of demands that was stable across genders. Three factors contributed positively to the management of demands, while avoidance contributed negatively. The negative contribution of avoidance suggests that emotion-based strategies are not effective in the management of demands. Further studies need to investigate the utility of these factors in mediating the impact of stressors on nurses’ wellbeing.
PROFILING THE ‘PAIN-AWARE’ NURSE: ACUTE CARE NURSES’ ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING ADULT PAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jastrzab Grazyna , Fairbrother Greg , Kerr Susie , McInerney Marita
Published: June 2024

Research about nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management shows both inadequate knowledge and inappropriate attitudes. The authors sought to explore this subject by surveying registered nurses (n=272) in a metropolitan teaching hospital about pain-related knowledge and attitudes/beliefs related to pain management.
Nurse knowledge was found to be of moderate standard only, with the best knowledge scores generated by the ‘nursing assessment and management’ section of the questionnaire. Associations between nurses’ characteristics, attitudes and knowledge were assessed statistically.
Univariate and multivariate statistical procedures yielded a model predicting the profile of a ‘knowledgeable nurse’ as of younger age, less experienced, working in critical care, confident in knowledge of pain, holding views which accept that improvement in patient pain relief is needed and holding beliefs which value non-pharmacological nursing interventions. Potential explanations for this finding are discussed in light of the literature.
BARRIERS TO CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN NURSES IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Hoffman Kerry , Duffield Christine , Donoghue Judith
Published: June 2024

Research aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether nurses in Australia participated in clinical decision-making to the extent they desired. Some factors that could be inhibiting or promoting participation in clinical decision-making, namely educational level, occupational orientation (role values), level of appointment and area of practice (medical/surgical) were also examined.
Method: A quantitative, correlational study examined the relationship between nurses’ occupational orientation, educational level, area of specialty and decision-making. T-tests were used to identify significant differences between the decision-making nurses say they have and that which they say they want.
Major findings: Nurses holding a professional role value participated more in clinical decision-making than those holding a paramedical role value. Nurses practising in surgical areas participated less in decision-making than those in medical areas. While a higher educational level was not associated with greater participation in clinical decision-making, it was linked to wanting more participation in this process.
Conclusion: Important issues arising from the study need to be addressed. Nurses who are better educated are not making decisions to the extent to which they aspire. Surgical nurses participated less in decision-making than medical nurses and holding professional values can lead to greater decision-making participation.
PROMOTING PATIENT AUTONOMY AND COMMUNICATION THROUGH ADVANCE CARE PLANNING: A CHALLENGE FOR NURSES IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Stanley Chris , Wall Sharon
Published: June 2024

Many older people unable to give informed consent receive life-prolonging treatments in hospitals and nursing homes, even though these treatments may lead to a reduced quality of life and may not be consistent with what the people would choose if they could make their wishes known. Advance care planning provides an opportunity for a person to discuss and communicate their wishes about future care with significant others such as their family, treating doctor and other members of their health care team. Advance care planning has not been discussed explicitly in the Australian nursing literature. This article suggests that nurses can play a stronger role in promoting and facilitating advance care planning, through a number of roles consistent with mainstream nursing practice.
LEARNING TO BECOME A NURSE: STUDENTS’ REFLECTIONS ON THEIR CLINICAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Stockhausen Lynette
Published: June 2024

Objective: To expose the significant events undergraduate student nurses reflect on during clinical experiences as they learn to become nurses.
Design: A qualitative study using reflective instruments of unstructured debriefing sessions and journal writing.
Setting: Conducted in a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Queensland, Australia.
Subjects: Forty voluntarily consenting students were involved.
Results: The findings of this study identify that students’ interpretation of, and learning in the clinical context is influenced by: an interplay between the patient, registered nurse (RN) and the student’s construction of themself as a nurse. Significant to the study and not previously identified is the way students enter the emotive life-world of the patient’s experience. The study confirms that the RN makes a considerable difference to the student’s experience. Furthermore, students begin to construct a personal identity of becoming a nurse through a process of developing confidence, confirmation of nursing practices and assimilating knowledge.
Conclusion: Insights into what influences students learning in the clinical setting, how they interpret events and begin to build a repertoire of reflective exemplars provides clinical staff and educators with valuable information to design meaningful clinical learning experiences that will assist students to become nurses.
AN EVALUATION OF THE RESPONSE TO POOLE’S ALGORITHM EDUCATION PROGRAMME BY AGED CARE FACILITY STAFF
Authors: Poole Julia , McMahon Christine
Published: June 2024

Aim: To evaluate the response of residential aged care facility staff to the education programme - Poole’s Algorithm: Nursing management of disturbed behaviour in aged care facilities.
Design: Descriptive study, aged care setting.
Method: Following offers to all facilities in a large area health service, 104 senior staff took the opportunity to participate in train-the-trainer programs and then returned pre and post knowledge evaluation questionnaires for 190 of their own staff that they had trained, using the program, over a three month period. Thirty six of those trainers then shared their views of the usability and effectiveness of the program in focus group interviews.
Results: The questionnaire analysis showed statistically significant improvements in overall knowledge for the trainers with 19.2% correct answers pre education and 91.3% correct afterwards, a difference of 71.1%. Overall, the staff trained by the trainers improved from 12.6% correct to 59.5% post education, a difference of 46.8%. In particular, the trainers’ recognition of delirium as a cause for disturbed behaviour improved from 39.4% to 97.15% and the staff from 24.7% to 75.2%.
Conclusions: Concern was raised about the poor understanding of mental health problems such as personality and anxiety disorders. Analysis and coding of the focus group transcriptions showed improvements in attitudes and practice. Recommendations are made for the instigation of ongoing train-the-trainer sessions using this program and the replication of this study in the acute and community sectors.
PREVALENCE OF HAND DERMATITIS AMONG HOSPITAL NURSES WORKING IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Smith Derek , Smyth Wendy , Leggat Peter , Wang Rui-Sheng
Published: June 2024

Background: Although hand dermatitis (HD) is a common occupational problem among hospital nurses, few epidemiological studies of this disease have been conducted in regional areas or tropical environments.
Aim: The aim of our investigation was, therefore, to investigate HD prevalence and correlates among nurses within a unique Australian setting.
Design: We recruited a cohort of 148 female nurses from a large tertiary hospital in north Queensland, Australia, and administered a previously validated, selfreporting HD questionnaire.
Results: The 12-month period prevalence ranged from 43.2% to 59.3%, with an overall group mean of 50.0%. There were no statistically significant differences in HD prevalence between the different hospital wards (p=0.4238). During multiple logistic regression, a history of allergic rash was shown to increase the HD risk 5.5-fold (odds ratio: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.9–19.2, p=0.0038). The risk of HD was also related to increased hand washing frequency (OR 5.8, 95% CI: 1.1–33.4, p=0.0402).
Conclusions: Overall, the occurrence of HD among Australian nurses was relatively consistent across the various hospital wards. Their 12-month period-prevalence of HD was, however, generally higher than previous reports from other countries.
COMPETENCY STANDARDS FOR CRITICAL CARE NURSES: DO THEY MEASURE UP?
Authors: Fisher Murray , Marshall Andrea , Kendrick Tina
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the construct validity of the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses (ACCCN) competency standards as a tool for assessing the clinical practice of specialist level critical care nurses in Australia.
Design: A comparative descriptive design was used to examine the relationship between the domains, competencies and elements of the ACCCN competency standards. Participants were sent a questionnaire and asked to describe on a 7-point Likert scale how closely each competency statement and related elements reflected their level of critical care nursing practice.
Subjects: A systematic sampling method was used to randomly select 1000 critical care nurses from a prelisting of members of ACCCN. A total of 532 completed questionnaires were returned.
Main outcome measure: The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity of the ACCCN competency standards by examining two structural models. The first examined how well the descriptive elements fit with their respective competency standard. The second model examined how well the competency standards group together under specific domains.
Results: Statistically there was no support for the current structure for the ACCCN competencies because the elements did not fit uniquely to a single competency, but were multidimensional and loaded across several competencies. Competency statements also loaded across several domains. Modification of the current model resulted in the identification of a four-factor competency model, which demonstrated reasonable model fit.
Conclusion: Several issues are highlighted, resulting in concerns regarding the validity of the ACCCN Competency Elements and Standards as a tool with which to assess the practice of critical care nurses.
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERRORS: UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUES
Authors: McBride-Henry Karen , Foureur Maralyn
Published: June 2024

Objective: This paper surveys current literature related to medication administration errors, the role of nurses in such errors, and current initiatives that are underway within New Zealand to address this aspect of patient safety.
Setting: The literature review focused on research that primarily addresses the issues related to medications that arise in tertiary care facilities.
Primary argument: Medication administration errors are reported to occur in one in five medication dosages. Such events have long been scrutinised, with the primary focus being the practice of nurses and their role in medication error. Analysis of such events frequently identifies the nurse as the deliverer of unsafe practice. However, over the past few years a shift in how medication errors are understood has led to the identification of systems-related issues that contribute to medication errors.
Conclusion: Initiatives such as the ‘Quality and Safe Use of Medicines’ raise the opportunity to address some of the safety related issues with a view to enhancing patient safety. A call for nurses to pre-emptively drive and contribute to these initiatives, along with the development of nursing led research, is offered.
MISMANAGEMENT OF DELERIUM PLACES PATIENTS AT RISK
Authors: Ski Chantal , O'Connell Bev
Published: June 2024

Objective: This paper discusses the problem of delirium and the challenges of accurately assessing, preventing and managing patients with delirium in an acute care setting.
Primary Argument: Acute confusion, also known as delirium, is misdiagnosed and under-treated in up to 94% of older patients in hospitals.With the ageing population, this problem will increase dramatically in the Australian setting. Managing patients with delirium is challenging not only for the management of their basic nursing care needs but also because they are prone to adverse events such as falls and medication problems. In order to address this issue it is vital that health care professionals routinely assess patients for signs of delirium. The current ‘gold standard’ for assessing delirium is the use of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) which has been developed based on the diagnostic criteria set by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV and can be used by non-psychiatrists. Further, increased attention should be given to the prevention and management of delirium and the use of orientation and validation therapy.
Conclusion: Research indicates that early identification and intervention can help to limit any negative effects or adverse events. Increasing knowledge and awareness of early detection and efficient management of delirium is the first step toward prevention.
HOSPITAL IN THE HOME (HITH) CARE FOLLOWING AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR LYMPHOMA AND MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Johnson Wendy , Kerridge Ian , Milton Cathie , Carr Debbie , Enno Arno , Bray Louisa , Booth Angela
Published: June 2024

Background: Advances in outpatient and supportive care and increased pressure on hospital bed usage has led to the investigation of hospital in the home (HITH) management following autologous haematologous stem cell transplantation (AutoHSCT) for patients with multiple myeloma or lymphoma.
Design: The Newcastle Mater Hospital Haematology Unit together with the Mater Acute Care Community Service (MACCS) developed a protocol for HITH care following AutoHSCT.
Outcomes: Clinical outcomes of the protocol were audited: 40% (13) of patients were suitable candidates for HITH care post transplantation. Of these 84.6% (11) were readmitted to the haematology unit within seven days of discharge from hospital.
Conclusion: Our preliminary experience suggests that with adequate infrastructure support and rigorous patient selection this model of care is both safe and feasible.
DEVELOPING THE FUTURE NURSE LEADERS OF FIJI
Authors: Stewart Lee , Usher Kim , Nadakuitavuki Rigieta , Tollefson Joanne
Published: June 2024

Background: Nurse leaders in Fiji are currently involved in meeting the challenges of being at the forefront of an AusAID supported Health Sector Improvement process. Fiji is experiencing the same shortages of health professionals (including nurses) as is occurring internationally, while simultaneously striving to improve the quality of its health services.
Primary argument: This paper provides information about the current situation in relation to health services in Fiji, and describes strategies being undertaken by the nurse leaders of Fiji to meet the challenge of leading an exciting reform process. James Cook University, School of Nursing Sciences, has been privileged to support the provision of contemporary leadership and management education for current and future nurse leaders in the Fiji Health Sector as a component of a current education program to educate registered nurses to bachelor level. This paper will provide an overview of the current Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, with a particular focus on the preparation of nurse leaders.
Conclusion: There is an ongoing need to understand beliefs and values, and styles of interaction and communication, and indeed, ideas about time. With collaboration between Australian academics and Fiji tutors from the Fiji School of Nursing, the program appears to be remarkably successful.
ACCEPTABILITY OF ANTENATAL SCREENING FOR DEPRESSION IN ROUTINE ANTENATAL CARE
Authors: Leigh Bronwyn , Milgrom Jeannette
Published: June 2024

Objective: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is generally recognised as a valid, reliable, cost-effective and simple tool to implement within routine care, however there is controversy regarding the acceptability of screening for depression. This paper aims to examine how acceptable women find (1) completing a battery of questionnaires, including the EPDS and (2) receiving feedback from midwives regarding the significance of their EPDS score when being screened for depression as part of routine antenatal care.
Design: Telephone interviews with women following completion of the questionnaire battery and receiving feedback from midwives.
Setting: Antenatal primary care in a hospital setting.
Subjects: Community sample of 407 women screened by midwives in antenatal clinics. Main outcome measures: Information regarding women’s experience of participating in the screening process.
Results: 100% of women reported that the screening experience was acceptable and not upsetting. Almost 50% reported that the screening process raised their awareness of perinatal depression. No woman reported feeling stigmatised, labelled or distressed by the screening process. Women reported that gaining immediate feedback from midwives was reassuring.
Conclusion: This study strongly supports the acceptability of routine screening for perinatal depression in the context of registered midwife support.
Developing a tool to measure ‘magnetism’ in Australian nursing environments
Authors: Joyce Joanne , Patrick
Published: June 2024

This paper describes the development of an Australia‑specific instrument that provides a valid and reliable measure of magnet features in Australian health facilities and is a key development in theongoing application of the magnet concept in Australia.
The magnet hospital concept, developed in the United States of America (USA) in the early eighties, identified characteristics successful in attracting and retaining nursing staff. The nursing profession in Australia is currently focused on issues of recruitment and retention; therefore it is relevant and timely to consider the significance of the magnet concept to Australian health facilities.
The project was undertaken in two stages: one using focus groups to revise the tool for use in Australia; and a second, using a questionnaire to test the reliability, validity and usability, of this revised tool, in a sample of Australian hospitals.
The focus groups identified three main issues requiring modification to the existing tool namely: language; contextual meaning; and, presentation. The data from the questionnaire shows that the analysis of the Australian version of the magnet measurement tool retained acceptable levels of internal consistency.
The results of the pilot indicate that respondents were clearly positive in their responses related to the three subscales of: ‘quality of care’; ‘management, leader and support’; and ‘nurse‑physician relationships’;while ‘nurse participation’ and ‘staff and resources’ subscales were rated less positively by the respondents.
This means the tool is appropriate to use in an Australian context and is able to produce specific and reliable data on magnet features in Australian health facilities. The significance of this research is that itinforms the promotion of organisational change that has been shown to facilitate nursing staff retention and positive health outcomes in Australia.