bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Risk Factors for Enteric Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Sepsis in Patients with Open Abdomen in Trauma: An Original Research
Authors: Vengail Sukumaran , Chandrakar Dharamveer , Naik Ajit K. , Nayak Amiya K. , Mahajan Akriti , Dutta Priyanjali
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In emergency surgeries, open abdomen or laparostomy, especially with perforated viscus, has been used primarily to prevent delayed ventral hernia, burst abdomen, and abdominal compartment syndrome. In the present study, the clinical and resuscitative factors that are linked with open abdomen morbidity are evaluated.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was done for all the subjects who were admitted at the tertiary care center between May 2020 and May 2022 for the open abdomen surgeries. These patients were examined to see whether they needed more postoperative care than usual, including the need for resuscitative treatments and other critical clinical indicators. Patients were evaluated if they had any complications. The data that were collected were analysed for any variance using analysis of variance considering P <.05 as significant.

Results:

A total of 100 subjects were analysed in this study. Forty nine patients had intra-abdominal sepsis of the 100 cases examined from historical case records and 1 had entero-cutaneous fistulas. These patients did not necessitate additional actions for intensive care unit care, resuscitation, an chest infection, extended hospital stay, or any disabilities compared to those who did not undergo laparotomy during the same period. In this group of patients with open abdomens, the immediate postoperative period was not linked to an increase in resuscitation efforts or a load on clinical staff. Once patients are stabilized, early definitive abdominal closure is advised to prevent problems associated to laparostomies.

Conclusion:

The quantity of initial fluid revival and the coagulation factors at the time of admission are not related to intra-abdominal sepsis and enteric fistula following laparostomy after significant abdominal injuries.
Assessment of the Menstrual Problems among Teenage Girls: A Tertiary Care Center Study
Authors: Divya S. , Thomas Titty Mary , Ajmeera Rajunaik , Hegde Ambika , Parikh Taral , Shivakumar Shruti
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Due to shame over discussing menstruation and fear of illness, many adolescent girls with monthly problems never visit their family doctor or gynecologist. The presentation can be delayed as a result. The current study’s goal was to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent females experiencing menstruation issues and the nature of those problems, and how they were handled.

Materials and Methods:

The problems faced by the adolescent girls attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology were analyzed retrospectively, and all their study characteristics and conditions were evaluated. The descriptive demographics are only represented in the current study.

Results:

Two hundred-two teenage girls with menstruation issues visited our hospital overall. 64% of them were late adolescents, 96% lived in cities, 89 were unmarried, and 50% belonged to the middle class socioeconomically. Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and irregular menstrual periods affected 86 (61%) people, 38 (27%) people, and 17 (12%) people, respectively. Patients were treated with appropriate counseling and medicinal and/or surgical care.

Conclusion:

Most of the teenage girls in our study had anemia. Therefore, it is essential to educate people on the importance of nutrition, different menstrual disorders, normal physiology, and the prevention and management of anemia. Adolescent-friendly health care has been attempted and partially developed in India’s governmental and private systems. As a result, counseling and management of adolescent menstrual difficulties must be offered in the current health and medical care systems.
Comparison of the Sevoflurane versus Desflurane Anaesthesia on the Recovery of Airway Reflexes and Cognitive Function: An Original Research
Authors: Nelson Anish , Sudhakar S. , Mishra Jagannath , Tirupathi Hemanth Kumar , Marella Vishnu Gowtham , Kudagi Vishal S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Sevoflurane and desflurane virtually equally dissolve in blood gases, yet current research suggests that desflurane helps in a quick return of airway reflex than sevoflurane however the return of cognitive activity fluctuates greatly. In order to compare the lengths of time required to recover after sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia, the current research was conducted.

Materials and Methods:

Current study was randomized that included 100 subjects who were posted for cholecystectomy (elective). Only adult and non-obese subjects were included in the study. The intended anesthetic agents sevoflurane and desflurane were utilized in the study and all the protocols were followed for the surgery. After the end of the surgery, tests for regaining cognitive function and airway reflexes were carried out, and different time intervals were recorded. The values were recorded and compared for the variances while considering the P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

The mean T1 was 8.19 ± 3.28 min for sevoflurane and was 5.82 ± 4.02 min. There was no significant variance between the two agents for the T1, 2 (P = 0.013 and 0.110 respectively). After the inhalation anesthetics ceased at T1, desflurane patients responded to verbal commands more quickly than sevoflurane patients (5.824.02 vs. 8.193.28 min). The SOMCT and swallowing test were similarly completed more quickly by desflurane-treated patients than by sevoflurane-treated patients (T3VST4) (13.693.37 vs. 10.024.86 min, P = 0.008 and (14.094.30 vs. 9.824.50 min, P 0.001, respectively). For the T3, 4-time intervals, there was a significant difference between the sevoflurane and desflurane groups.

Conclusion:

Desflurane causes patients to recover more quickly from laparoscopic cholecystectomy under controlled circumstances than sevoflurane does.
Comparison of Quality of Life in Patients Operated for Knee Surgery via Conventional Method and Arthroscopy: An Original Research
Authors: Rohella Deepak , Swathy A.P.J. , Ajmeera Rajunaik , Das Prajnyananda , Tiwari Rahul VC , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

To assess physical activity and knee function, the two methods of conventional supervised exercise and the arthroscopic partial meniscectomy trailed by exercise were evaluated after a nontraumatic meniscal (medial) tear that was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:

One hundred adult subjects were assessed for the current prospective research. The pain in the knee was assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS), Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All the parameters were compared at the start of the study and 2 and 6 months after the intervention. All the data were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P < 0.05 considered as significant.

Results:

According to the outcome scores, exercising by itself did not result in a larger improvement than an arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. There was a significant reduction in discomfort, improved function, and satisfaction for subjects in the two groups (P < 0.0001). After six months, 40% of the subjects reported that the activity levels were similar to the incidence of the injury.

Conclusion:

The quality of life was reported to be comparable in the arthroscopy subjects and the conventional group subjects. Hence, arthroscopy can be delayed for the meniscal tear in the adult subjects who are best managed by the conservatively managed.
Premetastatic Niche: A Novel Area for Research in Metastasis with a Potential as Therapeutic Targeting in Oral Cancer
Authors: Geetha Rajalakshmi , Janardhanan Mahija , Thankappan Krishna Kumar , Iyer Subramania
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Premetastatic niche (PMN) concept, introduced by David Lyden and colleagues, is an area that can support cancer cells to nurture in it, but the area itself being bereft of cancerous cells. It provides a microenvironment that is congenial for tumor invasion, endurance, and or proliferation of malignant cells to develop into metastasis. These are noncancerous variations in a tumor-free organ and are the most primitive indications of metastasis. These may have a potential to serve as a diagnostic aid, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, there is still no clear elucidation on diverse trails of tumor metastasis via lymphatic or hematogenous route, especially in relationship with the PMN. In this review, contemporary knowledge associated with nodal premetastatic niche formation with forthcoming directions on translational and clinical research is deliberated.
Antimicrobial Properties and Substantivity of Gentamicin, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole (GAM) Antibiotic Solution with Chitosan as a Root Canal Irrigant – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Parakh Keyura , Shetty Raghavendra M. , Shetty Sunaina , Desai Vijay , Shetty Shishir , Al Jadaa Anas , Jain Sonal , Vannala Venkataramana
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Irrigation is one of the steps that is very crucial in a high-quality endodontic treatment. Hence, irrigant with good substantivity is essential which must not only be effective for the dissolution of the organic tissues but also effectively eliminate bacterial contamination. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of gentamicin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole (GAM) antibiotic solution, chitosan and their combination (GAMC), and analyze their sustained release property. Mueller–Hinton agar medium was inoculated with E. faecalis. The medicaments were then poured at the center of the plate in the prepared wells and incubated at 37°C. Antibacterial property of each medicament was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition at the end of 48 hours. The substantivity of GAM antibiotic solution and the GAMC was checked using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The GAMC demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity and good sustained-release properties. Distilled water showed no activity, and chlorhexidine acted as the positive control.

Conclusion:

The combination of gentamicin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole (GAM) solution with chitosan (GAMC) can be used as an alternative intracanal irrigant as it was found to be a potent antibacterial agent.
Recognition of Oral Pathology as a Subject among Dental Undergraduates: Addressing their Concerns
Authors: Mahapatra Kanhu K. , Mishra Pallavi , Adhikary Tamanna , Jha Kunal , Barman Diplina , Panda Abikshyeet
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology is a speciality department of dentistry which deals with identification of diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial regions and investigates the cause, processes and effect of these diseases. Books, internet, lectures have made great progress but there is still a gap between students’ understanding and interest in the subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse the challenges faced by undergraduate students in understanding oral pathology theory & practical and modify the teaching process accordingly. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 BDS third year students was conducted in our college. The results stated that 83% of the participants attended classes, 90% found the topics covered to be useful, 97% reported that the classes were taken to provide an in depth view of the subject, 71% faced difficulties in understanding the topics in theory classes. 46% attended seminars, 68% viewed more than 4 slides on an average in one practical class, and 80% faced difficulties in identifying the slide. Our data concluded, that if certain measures will be taken so as to engage the students’ interests, then this subject would prove to be a much better scope of learning for the budding dentists.
Periodontal Disease and Smoking: Systematic Review
Authors: Alwithanani Naif
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Tobacco has been linked multiple times to many health implications. The relationship between periodontitis and tobacco was thoroughly investigated in this systemic review to evaluate if tobacco specifically smoking impacts the progression of periodontal through impairing vascular and immunity mediators processes.

Materials and Methods:

The manual and electronic literature searches up to 2020 in the databanks of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and SCOPUS were conducted. The search terms were “periodontitis,” “periodontitis diseases,” “smoking,” “tobacco use,” “tobacco,” and “cigarette, pipe, and cigar.” The types of studies included were restricted to the original studies and human trials. Analyses of subgroups and meta-regression were used to calculate the heterogeneity.

Results:

15 papers total were considered in the review, however only 14 of them provided information that could be used in the meta-analysis. Smoking raises the incidence of periodontitis by 85% according to pooled adjusted risk ratios (risk ratio 1.845, CI (95%) =1.5, 2.2). The results of a meta-regression analysis showed that age, follow-up intervals, periodontal disease, the severity of periodontitis, criteria used to determine periodontal status, and loss to follow-up accounted for 54.2%, 10.7%, 13.5%, and 2.1% of the variation in study results.

Conclusion:

Smoking has an undesirable impact on periodontal incidence and development. Therefore, when taking the history of the patients at the initial visits the information about the habit of smoking has to be thoroughly noted.
Isolation Systems and its Effectiveness in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Managutti Anil , Lakshmi D Prasanna , Mohindru Kunal , Damarasingu Rajesh , Dubey Alok
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The success of restoration processes depends on the efficient control of moisture and microorganisms. Dental restorative procedures frequently use rubber dams as an isolation technique. There is still room for evidence-based discussion over how rubber dam use affects the durability and caliber of dental restorations. In this review, the effects of rubber dam isolation vs alternative isolation techniques for dental restorative procedures are compared.

Materials and Procedures:

An extensive online search in the various databanks of the EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus was conducted. The keywords searched were “isolation, oral surgery, dental surgery, retractors, rubber dam, and methods of isolation.” The studies selected were longitudinal research design and randomized trials. To ascertain the risk of bias, meta-analysis was carried out. The outcome was measured as the successful restoration at the end of follow-up period representing the thorough isolation.

Results:

A total of 1342 people were involved in six studies from across the world that were carried out between 2010 and 2015. High bias risk existed in all the studies. Five investigations compared the rubber dam vs cotton rolls. Due to discrepancies in the data supplied, one study was omitted from the analysis. Three of the four trials that were still running showed restored survival rates with all having a follow-up of at least six months. The survival of the restored composite teeth for six months in rubber dam isolation with odds ratio of 2.29, 1.38, and 1.00 at the end of six months, one year and one and half year respectively. However, the evidence was very low and speculative. The isolation was seen effective in the primary teeth specifically for the proximal lesions. None of the included studies discussed side effects or provided information on the treatment’s upfront costs.

Conclusion:

The application of rubber dams in dental techniques may result in successful outcome compared to cotton rolls, according to some low-certainty evidence revealed in this research. Other times, the evidence is really ambiguous. It is necessary to conduct additional, high-quality studies investigating how rubber dam use affects various restorative procedures.
Multiple Developmental Dental Anomalies in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Thote Kiranmayi , Deepa J. , Prasad B. Veerendra , Gaddam Bhavyasri , Nandini Gopu
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The present case report illustrates a rare occurrence of multiple dental anomalies in a healthy 12-year-old patient including anomalies of shape and number of teeth. The developmental dental anomalies noticed in the present case scenario are dens invaginatus, taurodontism, radix entomolaris, supernumerary teeth, and pulp stones seen in multiple teeth. It is not rare to notice these anomalies individually, but their combination is rare in a single, non-syndromic patient. This report also signifies the importance of thorough extra-intra-oral and radiographic examinations of patients with dental anomalies.
A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Stress Distribution Around the Bone Mini-Implant Interface Based on the Mini-Implant Angle of Insertion, Diameter, and Length
Authors: Sarika K , Kumaran Navaneethakrishnan Kurunji , Seralathan Sakthidaran , Sathishkumar Rathinavel Kumar , Preethi Somasundaram Kanmani
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Temporary anchorage devices or mini implants have gained great attraction due to their capability to provide absolute anchorage, low cost, versatility, and can be loaded immediately after placement.

Material and Methods:

Finite element analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of stress at the bone mini implant interface based on different angles of insertion (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) mini implant diameter (1.3 mm, 1.6 mm, and 2 mm) and mini implant length (6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm). A retraction force of 2 N was applied.

Results:

Areas of maximum stress concentration were the head and neck of the mini implant and cortical bone around the mini implant. A very minimal amount of stress was found in the cancellous bone. The maximum stress found in the cortical bone was 5.1301 MPa and in the mini implant was 26.355 MPa with an angle of insertion of 30°, a 1.3 mm diameter, and a 6 mm length. The minimum stress found in the cortical bone was 1.4702 MPa and that in the mini implant was 5.3895 MPa with an angle of insertion of 90°, a 2 mm diameter, and a 10 mm length.

Conclusion:

For maximum stability, mini implants should be placed at a perpendicular angle of insertion with sufficient diameter and length.
Sampling Methods and their Prospects in Liquid-Based Cytology of Oral Mucosa: A Comparative Study
Authors: Manohar Balaji , Chowdry Shatabdi , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Aliuddin Syed Khaja , Chaudhari Dipak , Pathak Karishma
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Examining epithelial cells in the mouth cavity is simple and non-invasive with exfoliative cytology. Liquid-based cytology is an additional diagnostic technique that can improve the specificity and sensitivity of conventional cytology. The purpose of our study was to describe the consistency of normal oral mucosa samples obtained with three different tools: the Cytobrush®, dermatological curette, and OralCDx® for liquid-based cytology. Literature review was done, and reporting of the improvements in the field of investigation and diagnosis has been reported. The present communication aims toward comparing three different sampling instruments such as Cytobrush, curette, and OralCDx for liquid-based cytology of the oral mucosa.
Dactoscopy in Human Identification: A Retrospective Study in Bhubaneswar City
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari S. , Chand Shreetapa , Chaudhari Dipak , Manohar Balaji , Buyan Lipsa , Srinivasan Soundarya
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Anthropometry, fingerprints, age estimation, gender determination, blood types, DNA, and dental features are examples of traditional techniques for identifying a person. The present study aimed toward observing the patterns of fingerprints and their reliability toward human identification. A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care unit in Bhubaneswar city. Fingerprints were recorded, and the individual identification mark was noted for each individual. Reporting of the patterns was done. Sir Henry Galton’s classification was used to study the fingerprint patterns. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for the statistical analysis. Type A was the most common type seen for the right-hand little finger. Type A was the most common type seen for the left-hand little finger; Type C was the most common type seen for the left-hand ring finger. Statistically significant correlations between gender and dermatoglyphics were found, supporting their usage as trustworthy forensic evidence.
Parent Awareness and Perceived Barriers Regarding Hearing Impairment among School Age Children in Taif Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fageeh Yahya A. , Alghoribi Manar H. , Albishi Maryam M. , Alshanbari Atheer A. , Alqethami Amjad A. , Altowairqi Tethkar M. , Alosaimi Norah K.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hearing impairment (HI) is the most common global disabling condition. It is a considerable public health condition in childhood that is associated with long-term socio-emotional-academic, and communication difficulties. The current study explored the knowledge and awareness of HI among school-age children and its related factor in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done on 268 Saudi school-age children in the population of the Taif region of Saudi Arabia. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data, consanguinity, education level, and academic performance.

Results:

About 45.9% of parents had good awareness related to hearing loss and its impact on children’s life. Only 19% (n = 51) of parents reported that their children encountered language problems in communicating with others. When we assessed the relationship between this language problem and academic performance, it was found that children with language problems had below-average academic performance (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study showed that parents’ awareness about children’s hearing was not that satisfactory, and there was a considerable amount of difficulties faced by the children in their personal and social life due to these hearing problems. It is imperative to create awareness among the public regarding various modifiable risk factors of HI by conducting health awareness campaigns.
Effect of Bleaching Agents on Discoloured Resin-Based Composites for Direct Restorations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Althaqafi Khaled Abid , Alshabib Abdulrahman
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the review was to assess the influence of office and home bleaching on the color durability after staining of resin-based composites (RCs) for direct restorations. A web-based search for possibly relevant scientific papers in the English language between January 2013 and August 2022 was conducted in the databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. In-vitro studies that explored the influence of in-office and other bleaching treatments on the discolored RC for direct restorations in extracted human teeth were included. Case studies, case series, animal studies, systematic reviews, and letters to the editor were not considered. A total of 212 articles from a web-based search and 32 studies from a manual search were retrieved. After removal of duplicate records, 181 titles and abstracts were reviewed for eligibility; 92 were chosen for full-text analysis, and nine in-vitro studies matched the inclusion criteria. The two examiners examined the methodological quality of the selected studies independently based on the study design, methodological soundness, and data analysis. Distinct values were assigned to studies evaluating color variations of stained RC subjected to bleaching agents. The methodological quality scores were expressed as a percentage of the highest possible score based on the established scoring system and categorized as indicating a low, moderate, and high level of evidence. The reversal of color alterations following home and office bleaching was found to be dependent on the RC used. Within the limitations of the in-vitro investigations, it was deduced that the bleaching agents were successful in eliminating stains and improving the durability of the color to near baseline values.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan-Based Tetracycline Gel on Periodontal Pathogens: An In vitro Study
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Kulkarni Avdhoot , Raj Kavita , Kumari Deesha , Devi Konsam Bidya , Vineeth NS
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan-based tetracycline gel on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms.

Materials and Methods:

Preparation of chitosan-based tetracycline gel of 0.7% and 1% was done. In addition, 0.2 g of chitosan, 1% citric acid, and then 0.35 g of tetracycline in that order was added. Furthermore, 0.5 g of the tetracycline, which had been subjected to crushing and then stirring in a glass beaker to obtain a homogeneous gel was subjected to insertion into the syringe sterile. Such material prepared at the instance will attempt to investigate the sensitivity of bacteria in Surabaya to preserve the steadiness of the material. Evaluation of antimicrobial outcomes of chitosan-based tetracycline gel was performed against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Results:

The highest region of inhibition was noted at 28.26 ± 1.08 mm, 23.98 ± 2.02 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis at 1% chitosan-based tetracycline gel, in pursuit by the 0.7% chitosan-based tetracycline gel at 15.12 ± 0.16 mm and 14.48 ± 1.22 mm region of inhibition, followed by a control group that exhibited 4.16 ± 1.29 mm and 4.82 ± 1.20 mm regions of inhibition against either of the pathogens.

Conclusion:

To conclude, the chitosan-based tetracycline gel is efficient in restraining the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis bacteria. Tetracycline 1% gel-based chitosan exhibited maximum antibacterial action since it depicted the maximum inhibition region diameter versus tetracycline gel 0.7%.
Assessment of Role of PPE in Preventing the Spread of Infection among the Dental Surgeons: A Prospective Study
Authors: Srinidhi S. , Stephen Sujithraj , Mohankumar Karthiga , D’Cruz Thomson M. , Subbiah Krithika , Subbiah Gireesh K. , Nagappan Nagappan , Mani Bhuvaneswari
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Although there is easy accessibility of infection control measures and recommendation regarding the PPE, most of the dentists failed to practice appropriate infection control measures. The aim of the current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding the role of PPE among the dental care professionals in COVID-19. This is cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey conducted among dental care professionals in Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to the PPE infection control measures were collected from 500 subjects. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0). The frequency distribution was computed. This survey revealed that all the 500 (100%) respondents had awareness about the role of PPE in COVID-19 pandemic. Among the 500 study subjects, 93.2% had well-known knowledge about PPE, 60.4% of dentist strictly adheres to the use of PPE in routine dental practice, 80.2% of dentist mentioned PPE is safe and effective against spread of infection, and 93.4% of dentist had awareness about donning and doffing.

Conclusion:

From the beginning of this COVID-19, information provided by the health organization like CDC and WHO regarding the role of PPE had positive impact among the dental care professionals.
Delayed and Immediately Loaded Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Socket – A Clinical and Radiological Study
Authors: Padmasree Sankaranarayanan , Liji Balakrishnan , Sasikala Chengalvarayan , Ajitha Suresh Kumar , Ranukumari Attavar , Shakila Rajaraman
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

To present the outcomes of immediately loaded single implants placed in the anterior region compared to conventional protocol.

Methodology:

10 patients requiring single anterior tooth extraction was randomised either into immediate or delayed loaded group. Implants were positioned immediately after extraction and prosthesis was providing for the immediately loaded group. The cases were followed up for a period of 9 months at regular 3-month interval after the placement of definitive crowns. The parameters taken were probing depth, pain score and crestal marginal bone loss.

Results:

A total of 10 AD1N-Touareg Spiral tapered Implant with spiral tap, 5 immediately loaded and 5 delayed loaded were evaluated. For immediate loaded cases, there was 0.93 ± 0.04 mm bone lost after 3 months, 1.26 ± 0.21 mm after 6 months and 1.72 ± 0.13 mm after 9 months. For delayed loading, there was 0.90 ± 0.02 mm bone lost after 3 months, 1.26 ± 0.15 mm after 6 months and 1.80 ± 0.07 mm after 9 months. Pain and probing depth showed gradual reduction in both the groups during the course of treatment.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the success rate and radiographic results of immediate loading of implants in freshly extracted sockets in the anterior region where comparable to those obtained from delayed groups.
Radiographic and Clinical Evaluation of Implant Prosthetic Treatment with One Piece versus Two Piece Dental Implants: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: Liji Balakrishnan , Padmasree Sankaranarayanan , Ajitha Suresh K. , Ramya Duraisamy , Ranukumari Attavar , Shakila Rajaraman
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Dental implants are designed to ensure natural tooth replacement based on improved design, simplified placement, and long-term survival. This study aimed to compare one-piece implant (OPI) and two-piece implant (TPI) to determine the success rate over the TPI. This study conducted on 15 patients selected with the age range of 20–60 years to place OPI and TPI. The surgical consent form duly signed by the patients was procured. The implants used were of Adin Implant System, and a follow-up examination was done at 3, 6, and 9 months after implant loading and various clinical and radiographic parameters were noted for both OPI and TPI. The clinical parameters measured were Silness, and Loe gingival index and probing depth and the radiographic parameters included crestal marginal bone loss. Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the OPI and TPI based on the gingival index, probing depth, and crestal bone loss. On the contrary, there was a statistical significance in comparing the same parameters during the follow-up period of 3, 6, and 9 months. Over a protracted period, OPIs are better than TPIs by the design and placement procedure. Further research with a higher sample size shall possibly establish esoteric results on a large scale.
Comparison of Cleaning Efficacy of Different Rotary Files in Primary Teeth—An In vitro Study
Authors: Alqarni Adel S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to comparatively assess the cleansing efficiency of dissimilar rotary files in deciduous teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five deciduous anterior teeth that had been subjected to extraction were chosen for this research. The teeth were included if they had a minimum of 2/3rd undamaged root portions. Coronal entrée was completed using round diamond burs. All 45 samples were allocated at random to one of the following three groups: Group I: Control group in which the radicular canal was not subjected to any form of instrumentation, Group II: The radicular canal was subjected to instrumentation employing rotary ProTaper files, Group III: The radicular canal was subjected to instrumentation with rotary MTwo files. The samples were subjected to immersion in a succession of diluted ethyl alcohols to permit dehydration: With a change of solution every eight hours, the first 16 hours were spent in 70% alcohol, followed by eight hours in 80% alcohol, eight hours in 95% alcohol, and eight hours in 100% alcohol. The samples thus subjected to dehydration were cleared by immersion in methyl salicylate for six hours. Under a stereomicroscope with a 10x magnification, the root canals were examined by a person who was blinded to the groups in order to look for any traces of ink in the coronal, middle, and apical third of the canals.

Results:

In the control group, greater residual remains were present in the apical 3rd at 2.16 ± 0.08 followed by the coronal 3rd at 2.02 ± 0.14, and then in the middle 3rd at 1.88 ± 0.10. While using the ProTaper files, greater residual remains were present in the middle portion at 1.68 ± 0.16, followed by the coronal third at 0.94 ± 0.09, then the apical third at 0.98 ± 0.22. Greater residual remains were again noted with the MTwo files in the mid-portion at 1.44 ± 0.18, followed by the coronal part at 0.86 ± 0.10 and then the apical part at 0.82 ± 0.04. Differences among these groups were statistically significant with a P value < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that either of the file types used exhibited reasonably lower remnant score values in the apical third versus the middle/coronal thirds. Nonetheless, MTwo type files delineated superior capacity at removing debris versus the ProTaper file types at the apical level.
Comparative Analysis of Various Forms of Local Drug Delivery Systems on a Class 2 Furcation – A Systematic Review
Authors: Das Rishabh Kumar , Bharathwaj VV , Sindhu R , Prabu D , Rajmohan M , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Sathiyapriya S
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Class II mandibular furcation defect is a periodontal condition characterized by a cul-de-sac lesion, a definite parallel constituent with only a portion of alveolar bone remaining intact. There may be involvement of vertical bone loss. Local drug deliveries such as Boric acid, alendronate gel, and other drugs exhibited anti-inflammatory, antibacterial & osteoblastic differentiation activity. The present systematic review compares the drugs based on their outcomes and pharmacological action. To analzse & compare various forms of local drug delivery systems on a class II furcation. A search was conducted using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, and Pub Med central using MeSH terms – local drug delivery in periodontics, boric acid in the management of class II mandibular furcation, simvastatin in the treatment of furcation. A total of 560 articles were screened; 58 out of 560 were full-text articles accessed for eligibility, and five articles were included in the systematic review. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting this review. In addition, five randomized controlled trials were enclosed and used in this systematic review. The various local drugs used in treating class II mandibular furcation defects are effective in the prevention of bleeding on probing, bone resorption, gingival bleeding index and increase in the bone fill, and microbial deposit removal. The managing of class II mandibular furcation defect with the drugs mentioned in this review can be effective by reducing several clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing, gingival indices, osteoblastic differentiation, bone fill, etc., Considering the results of the studies, it can be concluded that it can be used as a therapeutic therapy against class II furcation defects with positive outcomes.
Effect of Fluoride on Oral Health Status Among General Population Residing in High- and Low-Level Fluoride Blocks in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gousalya V , Prabu D , Mohan M Raj , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Bharathwaj VV , Sindhu R , Sathiyapriya S
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant.

Results:

The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%.

Conclusion:

This study’s contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments.
Clinical and Radiographical Evaluation of Immediate Loading of Narrow Diameter Dental Implants
Authors: Swathi Velvaluri , Kumar Nagubandi K. , Anitha R. , Palachur Deepthi , Sunder S. Shyam , Malothu Sardhar
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the peri-implant tissue response and marginal bone levels of immediately loaded narrow diameter dental implants. In this study, 10 patients with single maxillary anterior edentulous space were included. Implants were placed and immediate provisional crown was given without any centric or eccentric contacts. After three months, a definitive restoration was placed. All the clinical and radiographical parameters were evaluated.
Knowledge about Emergency Management of Orofacial Injuries among School Teachers at Alkharj Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit M. , Almoteb Moaz M. , Alshehri Ahmed M. , Alshehri Ali A. , Alalyani Saud S. , Alqahtani Husam D.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Children suffer from orofacial injuries during sport activities in schools. School teacher’s knowledge about managing emergency during orofacial injuries will help in treatment prognosis.

Aim:

To assess and compare school teacher’s knowledge about management of orofacial injuries at alkharj Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Cross-sectional study was planned among school teacher working in various schools at alkharj. Questionnaire consisted of Demographic details such as age and year of experience and knowledge-related questions about management of orofacial injuries. Questionnaire was distributed and collected on the same day.

Results:

All participants were aware that sport activities results in injuries to head, orofacial structures, or teeth. 15.6% participants have undergone training. 84.4% of study participants have told they don’t know to manage avulsed tooth. 92.8% of study participants are interested to get training on orofacial injury management.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of school teachers about management of orofacial injury is insufficient. Teachers are primary level of contact in schools during sports injuries, measures should be taken to improve their knowledge about orofacial injuries.
Prevalence of Impacted Teeth and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction among Kerala Population a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Salam Sajjad , Bary Ashitha , Sayed Aatif
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

When a tooth does not erupt to the normal functional position, the tooth is said to be impacted. Impaction can be partial or complete which has many problems associated with it and adjacent tooth.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of impaction and pattern of mandibular impaction among adults in Ernakulum district, Kerala.

Methodology:

Retrospective data were analyzed using panoramic radiographs of 1,500 subjects were correlated with demographic details age and gender. Two independent investigators carried out the research independently. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

The prevalence of teeth impaction was 22.0%. A total of 330 subjects presented with at least one impacted tooth. Mandibular third molars were the most commonly impacted tooth (17.46%). The mesioangular orientation was the most common pattern. There was no gender difference in prevalence of impaction (P >.05).

Conclusion:

Twenty two percent among Kerala population. The mandibular wisdom teeth were the most commonly impacted teeth. Mesioangular orientation was the most common pattern. No association was found between impacted teeth as per gender.
Cytomorphometric Analysis of Exfoliated Buccal Mucosal Cells and DNA Repair Proficiency in Peripheral Lymphocytes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Joy Sheethal , Abraham Sajith , Madiraju Guna Shekhar , Almugla Yousef Majed , Aorrju Ramakrishna
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in the buccal mucosal smears and to correlate the cytomorphometric findings and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. In addition, DNA repair proficiency in peripheral lymphocytes of T1D patients was evaluated. Smears from the clinically normal buccal mucosa of 46 healthy subjects as controls and randomly selected 45 T1D patients, were stained using the Papanicolaou method, and the mean values (μm2) of nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and cytoplasmic: nucleus ratio (CNR) were obtained for each patient. DNA damage in diabetics and control subjects was tested on peripheral blood samples using an in vitro mutagen sensitivity assay. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation test to correlate cytomorphometric changes with HbA1c levels in both T1D and healthy control groups. The mean NA and CA values were higher in T1D while the mean CNR was found to be higher in the healthy control group. Statistical significance between the two groups was found only for the mean NA (P < 0.001) and mean CNR values (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was seen between HbA1c and CNR in both the T1D group (P = 0.015) and the healthy control group (P = 0.02). Significant differences were noted between the T1D and control subjects with regard to the frequency of damaged cells and DNA repair proficiency (P < 0.05). Significant cytomorphometric alterations were detected in the buccal mucosal cells of diabetic patients, which may aid in the early detection of diabetes or predict the risk for future disease complications among T1D patients.
Role of Resistin in Various Diseases with Special Emphasis on Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation – A Review
Authors: Kamil Mona Awad , Peeran Syed Wali , Basheer Syed Nahid , Elhassan Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Nazish , Thiruneervannan Madhumala
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Resistin is a small adipocyte-specific secretory hormone molecule. It has been associated with a number of cellular and metabolic processes. It has also been essentially implicated to have a vital role in the interplay between insulin resistance, obesity, and type II diabetes. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated an association between many pathological illnesses with elevated serum resistin levels. It has also been shown to affect and modulate various molecular processes such as atherosclerosis, cancer cell metabolism, and inflammation. Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease affecting human beings. Periapical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that manifests as a sequela of untreated dental caries. Therefore, in this article, we summarize the divergent physiological roles played by resistin and its association with the mechanism of various pathologies. Moreover, current scientific studies discussing its association and role in common dental pathologies, periodontitis, and apical periodontitis are reviewed.
Clinical Effects of Subgingivally Delivered Achyranthes Aspera Gel in Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Soorgani Neeharika R. , Khashu Himanshu , Agrawal Richa , Ninan Reny K. , Peter Sonu , Mukka Nilesh
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial origin. Local drug delivery agents help reduce subgingival microflora. Achyranthes aspera is a medicinal herb with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties.

Materials and Methods:

A split-mouth study was conducted, in which 60 sites were included. Clinical parameters included measurements of probing depth (PD), gingival index, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected, followed by microbiological analysis of Porphyromonas Gingivalis. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS Version 22; Chicago Inc., USA).

Result:

At 3 months, Group A resulted in greater mean reductions in clinical parameters: PD (3.77) as compared to Group B (5.23), and also greater mean CAL gain (3.18) in group A as compared to Group B (5.16). Group A also showed a significant reduction in the number of sites harboring periodontopathogens as compared to Group B.

Conclusion:

A. aspera gel can be used as a nonsurgical local drug delivery agent in patients with chronic periodontitis as an effective adjunct to SRP.
A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study on Assessment of Depression in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Alatawi Fahad O. , Albalawi Yazid M. , Alzahrani Nawaf A. , Albalawi Khaled A. , Alraman Turki O. , Albalawi Muteb S. , Prabahar Kousalya , Alsharif Mohammed O. , Alatawi Abdurahman , AlKarni Khaled
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the primary cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia and it is one of the major health concerns in the country. Depression can complicate, halt or even exacerbate the process of managing CVDs, making it harder to optimize the patient’s condition. The main aim of this study is to assess the depression in cardiac patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 257 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. The study was conducted in two governmental hospitals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, from December 2021 to April 2022. Depression was assessed using the Arabic version of the CESD-R questionnaire.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 44.49 ± 12.99 years. Majority of patients were in the age group of 40-49 years (n = 92, 35.8%). More than half (53.3%) of the samples were female. The prevalence of depression among cardiac patients was 53.3%.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of depression was high among cardiac patients. It is strongly advised that routine examination and management of depression in cardiac patients be included in their regimens.