bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lateral Wall of the Inferior Meatus as a New Graft Source for Rhinoplasty: Radiological Study and Surgical Technique
Authors: Rusetsky Yury , Mokoyan Zhanna , Dutova Margarita , Sadigov Anar , Balybina Natalia , Chernova Olga
Published: June 2024

Generally, revision rhinoplasty cases require the use of stiff grafts to restore the lost support. However, the majority of patients indicated for revision surgery present with a lack of a bony cartilaginous framework of the septum, especially after previous septoplasty. Thus, surgeons are compelled to harvest costal cartilage. At the same time, rib graft harvesting is associated with additional trauma and a risk of serious complications. Being ENT surgeons, we often resect a part of the lateral wall of the inferior nasal meatus during the extended endoscopic approach to the maxillary sinus. We supposed that this bone plate could be used as a donor site for rhinoplasty graft harvesting. The aim of our study was a radiological assessment of the feasibility and limits of using the inferior meatus lateral wall (IMLW) as a donor site for rhinoplasty bone graft.

A retrospective evaluation of 100 CT scans of sinuses was conducted. Further measurements of the IMLW were performed: average length and width (28.06 ± 4.03 mm and 19.73 ± 3.08 mm, respectively), thickness (0.62 ± 0.21 mm), and average deviation from the sagittal plane (17.7 ± 9.53 degrees). According to the obtained measurements, the described donor site is appropriate for harvesting nice straight bony fragments.

The IMLW bone graft was used in four revision rhinoplasty cases. There were no postoperative complications. During the long-term follow-up, patients reported significant improvement in aesthetics, function, and social aspects according to Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation. Thus, the described technique is an easy and safe method for bone harvesting for revision rhinoplasty. Our first experience demonstrated the convenience and stability of IMLW grafts for revision rhinoplasty during the follow-up period of up to 2 years.
Comparing Clinician Estimates versus a Statistical Tool for Predicting Risk of Death within 45 Days of Admission for Cancer Patients
Authors: Herskovits Adrianna Z. , Newman Tiffanny , Nicholas Kevin , Colorado-Jimenez Cesar F. , Perry Claire E. , Valentino Alisa , Wagner Isaac , Egan Barbara , Gorenshteyn Dmitriy , Vickers Andrew J. , Pessin Melissa S.
Published: June 2024

Objectives While clinical practice guidelines recommend that oncologists discuss goals of care with patients who have advanced cancer, it is estimated that less than 20% of individuals admitted to the hospital with high-risk cancers have end-of-life discussions with their providers. While there has been interest in developing models for mortality prediction to trigger such discussions, few studies have compared how such models compare with clinical judgment to determine a patient's mortality risk.

Methods This study is a prospective analysis of 1,069 solid tumor medical oncology hospital admissions (n = 911 unique patients) from February 7 to June 7, 2022, at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Electronic surveys were sent to hospitalists, advanced practice providers, and medical oncologists the first afternoon following a hospital admission and they were asked to estimate the probability that the patient would die within 45 days. Provider estimates of mortality were compared with those from a predictive model developed using a supervised machine learning methodology, and incorporated routine laboratory, demographic, biometric, and admission data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration and decision curves were compared between clinician estimates and the model predictions.

Results Within 45 days following hospital admission, 229 (25%) of 911 patients died. The model performed better than the clinician estimates (AUC 0.834 vs. 0.753, p < 0.0001). Integrating clinician predictions with the model's estimates further increased the AUC to 0.853 (p < 0.0001). Clinicians overestimated risk whereas the model was extremely well-calibrated. The model demonstrated net benefit over a wide range of threshold probabilities.

Conclusion The inpatient prognosis at admission model is a robust tool to assist clinical providers in evaluating mortality risk, and it has recently been implemented in the electronic medical record at our institution to improve end-of-life care planning for hospitalized cancer patients.
Colon Cancer and Pregnancy
Authors: Sacks Olivia A. , Davids Jennifer S.
Published: June 2024

As the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the younger population increases and women start their childbearing journey at later ages, CRC in pregnancy will become an increasingly relevant and decreasingly rare occurrence. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of data on this subject given its historical rarity. CRC is often diagnosed at a late stage in pregnancy because of the conflation of symptoms of pregnancy with symptoms of CRC. A major branch point for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC in pregnancy is whether it is diagnosed early or late in pregnancy. The workup for cancer is similar for pregnant and nonpregnant populations and includes endoscopy and staging computed tomography. Treatment is dependent on the stage of cancer and term of pregnancy. This review summarizes the current evidence for diagnosis, workup, and treatment of CRC during pregnancy and explores issues of fertility after a diagnosis of CRC.
A novel heating strategy and its optimization of solar–air source heat pump heating system for rural buildings in northwest China
Authors: Yan Xiuying , Xia Yu , He Xuxin
Published: June 2024

In the rural areas of Northwest China, the utilization of clean and renewable energy is deemed a crucial measure for reducing building energy consumption and environmental pollutant emissions. This paper focuses on constructing a simulation platform for a solar-assisted air source heat pump heating system. A rural residential building in Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province, serves as an illustrative example. A novel flexible temperature control method with a feedback controller in sub-area and period is proposed in this paper, alongside the selection of three distinct objective functions aimed at optimizing the heating system. The simulation results indicate an average temperature of 17.0 °C throughout the heating cycle, with a peak temperature of 18.7 °C. Moreover, the solar fraction is measured at 25.11%, underscoring the significance of collector area and heat storage tank volume as primary factors in system design. The results also demonstrate that across various optimization objectives, the life cycle cost optimization scheme yields greater economic benefits, while the target building unit heating cost optimization scheme boasts the shortest static payback period and lowest unit heating cost. Conversely, the solar fraction optimization scheme stands out for its superior environmental benefits. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of heating systems tailored to diverse objectives.
Unraveling the cation dependent carrier cooling and transient mobility in lead-free A3Sb2I9 perovskites
Authors: Shukla Ayushi , Kaur Gurpreet , Babu K. Justice , Bhatt Himanshu , Ghosh Hirendra N.
Published: June 2024

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have gained prominence for their exceptional photophysical properties, holding promise for applications in high-end optoelectronic devices. However, the presence of lead is one of the major obstacles to the commercialization of LHPs in the field of photovoltaics. To address this, researchers have explored environment friendly lead-free perovskite solar cells by investigating non-toxic perovskite materials. This study explores the enhancement of photophysical properties through chemical engineering, specifically cation exchange, focusing on the crucial photophysical process of hot carrier cooling. Employing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy, we have probed the carrier relaxation dynamics in A3Sb2I9 with cesium and rubidium cations. This study unravels that the carrier relaxation is found to be slower in Rb3Sb2I9; along with this, the transient mobility decay is found to be retarded. Overall, this study suggests that an antimony-based Rb3Sb2I9 perovskite could be a substantial lead-free perovskite in photovoltaics. These findings provide valuable insights into cation engineering strategies, aiming to improve the overall performance of lead-free-based photovoltaic devices.
What next: Further implosion space exploration on the path to NIF extended yield capability
Authors: Landen O. L. , Nora R. C. , Lindl J. D. , Kritcher A. L. , Haan S. W. , Rosen M. D. , Pak A. , Divol L. , Baker K. L. , Amendt P. A. , Ho D. D.-M. , Milovich J. L. , Ralph J. E. , Clark D. S. , Humbird K. D. , Hohenberger M. , Weber C. R. , Tommasini R. , Casey D. T. , Young C. V. , Schlossberg D. J. , Maclaren S. A. , Dewald E. L. , Schmit P. F. , Chapman T. , Hinkel D. E. , Moody J. D. , Smalyuk V. A. , Hurricane O. A. , Town R. P. J.
Published: June 2024

We present quantitative motivations and assessments of various proposed and ongoing directions to further improving yields and target gain of igniting indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include increasing compression and confinement time, improving hohlraum and ablator efficiency, and further increasing peak power and laser energy. 1D hydroscaled simulations, augmented by analytic 1D theory, have been used to project yield improvements for each of these implosion optimization tracks, normalized to the best current performing 4 MJ shot. At current NIF capabilities of 2.2 MJ, 450 TW, we project several paths could reach 15 MJ yield levels. We also expect several key implosion physics questions will be addressed in attempting to reach this yield level. These include demonstrating to what extent lower adiabat designs leading to higher compression will increase gain and efficiency, and whether we can reduce residual kinetic energy and ablator-fuel mix that is probably limiting the current burn-up fraction. For an envisaged NIF upgrade to EL = 3 MJ at fixed 450 TW peak power, scaling capsule size and fuel thicknesses faster than pure hydroscaling should allow for yields that could reach up to 60–80 MJ, depending on the efficiency gains realized in increasing deuterium-tritium fuel thickness, reducing hohlraum losses, and switching to lower Z ablators. The laser-plasma instability and beam transmission scaling in these larger hohlraums is shown to be favorable if the spot size is increased with hohlraum scale.
Structure evolution law of coalbed methane reservoirs under different initial pressure CO2 phase change fracturing conditions
Authors: Bai Xin , Wang Yan , He Guicheng
Published: June 2024

As a new coal bed fracturing technology, CO2 phase transition fracturing (CPTF) has received much attention due to its advantages of safety and high efficiency. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the fracture behavior of CPTF in coal seams under different CO2 release pressure conditions. To address this research gap, we performed fracture tests on coal rock under different initial pressure conditions using the developed CPTF experimental system. Then, scanning electron microscopy, low-pressure nitrogen adsorption, and mercury intrusion porosimetry testing techniques were used to investigate the fracture characteristics and microstructural evolution of coal rocks under different initial pressures of CPTF. The results show that with increasing initial pressure, the number of macroscopic fractures and the degree of fragmentation of the coal after CPTF fracturing increased significantly, the number of microscopic fractures and pores in the fractured coal samples increased, the N2 adsorption capacity and the amount of mercury intrusion of the coal samples increased to a greater extent, and the visible porosity increased from 52.47% of the raw coal to 63.88%, 64.31%, 68.48%, 63.64%, and 62.83%, and the proportion of macroporosity increased from 24.31% to 28.48%, 31.73%, 26.55%, and 34.38%. This research will contribute to a fuller understanding of the potential of CPTF as a technique for improving the pore and fracture structure of coalbed methane reservoirs.
Multi-objective ventilation optimization for indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and energy conservation in the post-pandemic era: A case study for a moving elevator
Authors: Mei Dan , Zhang Xinwen , Wang Chenxia , Liu Li , Li Jiaqian
Published: June 2024

Cases of respiratory disease transmission in enclosed elevators have been reported frequently. In the post-pandemic era, in order to mitigate the spread of respiratory diseases in moving elevators, a multi-objective genetic optimization method based on a response surface model is used to optimize the elevator ventilation. The ventilation parameters were optimized for three objectives: reducing carbon dioxide concentration, maintaining human thermal comfort, and achieving energy conservation. First, a response surface model is established using the computational fluid dynamics method and the Kriging model to correlate the design variables (air supply velocity in x, y, and z directions and air supply temperature) with the output function (CO2 concentration, average temperature, and average velocity). Subsequently, the Pareto optimal solution set of ventilation parameters was obtained by employing a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Finally, the optimal air supply velocity, angle, and temperature were obtained for both peak periods of elevator traffic (13 passengers) and other situations (4 passengers) when the elevator is moving up and down, which satisfy the objectives of health, comfort, and energy conservation.
Statistical analysis of infectious disease transmission risk based on exhaled respiratory droplet trajectory distribution
Authors: Cavazzuti Marco , Tartarini Paolo
Published: June 2024

In the present work, the risk of infectious disease transmission is evaluated based on a statistical analysis of respiratory droplet trajectory distribution. An analytical model recently developed by the authors allows the prediction of the trajectory and evaporation rate of exhaled droplets. The model is used to collect data from a sampling set of more than twenty thousand droplets distributed over a range of diameters from 0.1 μm to 1 mm for different respiratory scenarios. The analytical tool implements the governing equations of droplet transport, evaporation, energy balance, and chemical composition. It also features a two-dimensional unsteady empirical model of respiratory cloud including momentum dissipation and buoyancy. A discrete random walk approach to simulate the droplet turbulent dispersion, and the randomization of the droplet release within the exhalation period and the mouth cross section area complete the model enabling statistical analyses to be rightly performed. With the due boundary conditions, different types of respiratory events can be modeled easily. With additional information on the exhaled droplet size distribution and viral content, spatial maps of virus concentration are derived and associated with the risk of infectious disease transmission being able to discriminate between various transmission routes such as fomite, airborne, or direct inhalation. Different scenarios are presented including mouth breathing, nose breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing. The fluid dynamic behavior of respiratory droplets is explored on a size basis, and the role of ventilation discussed. Risk evaluation provides useful information for a knowledgeable discussion on the prevention needs and means from case to case.
A fluid–solid coupling model for hydraulic fracture of deep coal seam based on finite element method
Authors: Zhang Dongxu , Wu Chengxi , Shi Zejin , Li Yaqi , Zhao Yulong , Wu Xudong
Published: June 2024

The fluid–solid coupling effect is more pronounced in the process of deep coal seam development compared to shallow coalbed methane, exerting a greater influence on production, and cannot be disregarded. Throughout the extraction process, the interaction between effective stress and gas desorption triggers deformation within the coal seam, leading to dynamic changes in both porosity and permeability. This paper has developed a fully coupled gas flow and deformation model that contains the coal matrix and discrete fractures to describe the dynamic gas seepage behavior and deformation of deep coal seams within a coupled wellbore–hydraulic fractures–matrix system. The model's validity is corroborated through the examination of fracture aperture, employing the finite element numerical simulation capabilities of COMSOL Multiphysics. Subsequent to the model's validation, an in-depth investigation into the permeability and production variations under diverse parametric conditions is conducted. This analysis also encompasses the assessment of hydraulic fracture geometry's impact. The simulation outcomes reveal that the permeability alterations during coal seam development are subject to the counteracting influences of gas desorption and effective stress. Moreover, it is observed that an increase in the Langmuir volume strain constant and initial porosity correlates with enhanced production, whereas a diminution in the hydraulic fracture compression coefficient leads to increased cumulative production. Notably, the optimal production is attained when hydraulic fractures are oriented vertically yet asymmetrically relative to the horizontal well.
Freeze out of multi-mode Richtmyer–Meshkov instability using particles
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhang Yousheng , Meng Baoqing , Shi Yipeng , Tian Baolin
Published: June 2024

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) occurs when a shock wave traverses an interface separated by two fluids with different densities. Achieving “freeze out” (i.e., “killing” of RMI), a critical objective in RMI research for engineering applications, remains an open problem in the context of multi-mode RMI. Here, we introduce particles into the flow field to achieve freeze out, which is attributed to the momentum non-equilibrium effect inherent in the gas–particle phases. This effect facilitates the transfer of momentum and energy from the fluid to the particles, thereby mitigating the amplification of initial perturbations within the mixing zone. We developed a one-dimensional model to predict the velocities of the mixing zone boundaries in multiphase RMI. The growth of RMI was suppressed by controlling the velocities of the mixing zone boundaries through particle effects. A non-dimensional freeze out criterion was derived, incorporating the gas–particle coupling along with the particle volume fraction effect. The condition for freezing a multi-mode RMI was specially designed to estimate the required particle volume fraction to achieve the freeze out. A series of simulations were conducted using a well-verified compressible multiphase particle-in-cell method to validate the realization of freeze out. Further analysis reveals that the designed condition exhibits applicability across a spectrum of multi-mode perturbations, including both broadband and narrowband perturbations, as well as various initial Mach numbers.
Strain engineering of the transition metal dichalcogenide chalcogen-alloy WSSe
Authors: Cianci Salvatore , Blundo Elena , Tuzi Federico , Cecchetti Daniele , Pettinari Giorgio , Felici Marco , Polimeni Antonio
Published: June 2024

Alloying has been a powerful and practical strategy to widen the palette of physical properties available to semiconductor materials. Thanks to recent advances in the synthesis of van der Waals semiconductors, this strategy can be extended to monolayers (MLs) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Due to their extraordinary flexibility and robustness, strain is another powerful means to engineer the electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) TMDs. In this article, we combine these two approaches in an exemplary metal dichalcogenide chalcogen-alloy, WSSe. Highly strained WSSe MLs are obtained through the formation of micro-domes filled with high-pressure hydrogen. Such structures are achieved by hydrogen-ion irradiation of the bulk material, a technique successfully employed in TMDs and h-BN. Atomic force microscopy studies of the WSSe ML domes show that the dome morphology can be reproduced in terms of the average of the elastic parameters and adhesion energy of the end compounds WSe2 and WS2. Micro-photoluminescence measurements of the WSSe domes demonstrate that the exceedingly high strains (ε∼4%) achieved in the domes trigger a direct-to-indirect exciton transition, similarly to WSe2 and WS2. Our findings heighten the prospects of 2D alloys as strain- and composition-engineerable materials for flexible optoelectronics.
Synthesis of α-Bi/SrTiO3 heterostructure through the Eu-induced reduction of Bi2O2Se/SrTiO3
Authors: Kong Lingyuan , Zhang Wei , Fan Zixin , Ling Haoming , Ran Feng , Li Dingyi , Wang Zihao , Chen Pan , Liang Yan , Zhang Jiandi
Published: June 2024

Thin Bi films, especially noncentrosymmetric α-phase Bi films (α-Bi), have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their intriguing physical properties such as ferroelectricity, nonlinear optical response, and coherent spin transport. However, the current experimental preparation of α-Bi films still presents substantial challenges, resulting in only isolated α-Bi islands being achieved. In this study, α-Bi/SrTiO3 (α-Bi/STO) was synthesized from a Bi2O2Se/STO (BOS/STO) heterostructure by depositing a Eu layer and reducing a BOS film. The so-formed α-Bi/STO interface features metallic conductivity with electron mobility of 7.7 × 104 cm2/V s and ultralow resistivity of 1 nΩ cm at 2 K, as well as high residual resistance ratios R300 K/R2 K up to 2353. Furthermore, we observed a complex weak antilocalization–weak localization–weak antilocalization crossover with increasing magnetic field at temperatures below 10 K. Our work presents the synthesis of α-Bi films, which could potentially serve as a valuable platform for experimental validation of diverse theoretical predictions associated with α-Bi heterostructures. Furthermore, this special synthesis method provides valuable insights into the preparation of other metastable films.
A distal enhancer of GATA3 regulates Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation
Authors: Kumagai Takashi , Iwata Arifumi , Furuya Hiroki , Kato Kodai , Okabe Atsushi , Toda Yosuke , Kanai Mizuki , Fujimura Lisa , Sakamoto Akemi , Kageyama Takahiro , Tanaka Shigeru , Suto Akira , Hatano Masahiko , Kaneda Atsushi , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

Asthma is a widespread airway disorder where GATA3-dependent Type-2 helper T (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play vital roles. Asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are enriched in a region located 926-970 kb downstream from GATA3 in the 10p14 (hG900). However, it is unknown how hG900 affects the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. To investigate the roles of the asthma-associated GATA3 enhancer region in experimental allergic airway inflammation, we first examined the correlation between GATA3 expression and the activation of the hG900 region was analyzed by flow cytometry and ChIP-qPCR. We found that The activation of enhancers in the hG900 region was strongly correlated to the levels of GATA3 in human peripheral T cell subsets. We next generated mice lacking the mG900 region (mG900KO mice) were generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and the development and function of helper T cells and ILCs in mG900KO mice were analyzed in steady-state conditions and allergic airway inflammation induced by papain or house dust mite (HDM). The deletion of the mG900 did not affect the development of lymphocytes in steady-state conditions or allergic airway inflammation induced by papain. However, mG900KO mice exhibited reduced allergic inflammation and Th2 differentiation in the HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. The analysis of the chromatin conformation around
Gata3
by circular chromosome conformation capture coupled to high-throughput sequencing (4C-seq) revealed that the mG900 region interacted with the transcription start site of
Gata3
with an influencing chromatin conformation in Th2 cells. These findings indicate that the mG900 region plays a pivotal role in Th2 differentiation and thus enhances allergic airway inflammation.
A look at, inside, and outside metaphors
Authors: Colston Herbert L.
Published: June 2024

How metaphors are comprehended and their pragmatic effects have long been of interest (Colston, 2019; Gibbs, 2017; Gibbs & Colston,
2012). Attending to the varied constructions where metaphors appear has also advanced our understanding (Athanasiadou, 2017). How metaphors in extra-linguistic mediums has been of particular interest of late, as have the
import of embodied simulations (Bergen, 2012; Cienki &
Muller, 2008; Forceville & Urios-Aparisi, 2009). But these explorations outside of
language and inside the body have left some bits relatively unattended. Metaphors and their host constructions can be embedded into an array
of language genres. These also bring their own idiosyncratic influences on metaphor cognition. Moreover, the target domain content that
metaphors invoke adds to this complex mixture. And metaphors can be layered within metaphors. This paper presents a tour of just some of the
immense fractalesque complexity invoked when we look at the full richness of metaphorical meaning.
Tourists Perceptions of Cultural Experiences in Heritage Hotels in Queretaro City
Authors: Sánchez-Aguirre Driselda P. , Martínez Domingo
Published: June 2024

In this case study, we identify themes related to cultural tourism experience in boutique and non-boutique heritage hotels in Queretaro City, Mexico to determine whether there are differentiating elements that could be useful as a competitive strategy. We did a content analysis using web scraping and supervised text mining techniques, allowing us to statistically analyze 1040 guest reviews collected on TripAdvisor from January 2016 to December 2019. We made and validated a codebook to identify and characterize cultural tourism experiences in Mexican heritage hotels. We found that the experience of escapism, the perceived quality, and authenticity are significant differentiating elements between boutique heritage hotels and non-boutique heritage hotels.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Spherically symmetric electrovac spacetimes in conformal Killing gravity
Authors: Barnes Alan
Published: June 2024

Recently Harada proposed a third-order gravitational theory for the derivatives of the metric. Mantica and Molinari showed that Harada’s theory may be recast into the form of Einstein’s field equations (EFEs) with an additional source term which is a second-order conformal Killing tensor. Accordingly they named the theory conformal Killing gravity. However, they overlooked the fact that all solutions of the new theory (except those satisfying EFEs) admit a non-trivial second-order Killing tensor. Harada derived an analog of the Schwarzschild solution. Recently Tarciso et al obtained a generalization of Harada’s vacuum solution analogous to the Reissner–Nordström solution. However, like Harada they assumed a restricted form for a static spherically symmetric metric. In this study the most general spherically symmetric static vacuum solution of Harada’s theory and its generalization with a Maxwell electromagnetic field as source were obtained. The validity of Birkhoff’s theorem for static spherically symmetric electrovac fields in conformal Killing gravity is investigated.
Metrizability of

S
O

(
3
)

-invariant connections: Riemann versus Finsler
Authors: Voicu N , Elgendi S G
Published: June 2024

For a torsion-free affine connection on a given manifold, which does not necessarily arise as the Levi–Civita connection of any pseudo-Riemannian metric, it is still possible that it corresponds in a canonical way to a Finsler structure; this property is known as Finsler (or Berwald–Finsler) metrizability. In the present paper, we clarify, for four-dimensional SO(3)-invariant, Berwald–Finsler metrizable connections, the issue of the existence of an affinely equivalent pseudo-Riemannian structure. In particular, we find all classes of

S
O

(
3
)

-invariant connections which are not Levi–Civita connections for any pseudo-Riemannian metric—hence, are non-metric in a conventional way—but can still be metrized by SO(3)-invariant Finsler functions. The implications for physics, together with some examples are briefly discussed.
Topological tight binding models on some non-trivial lattices: union of geometry, flat bands and topology
Authors: Devanarayanan Bharathiganesh
Published: June 2024

We introduce a topological tight binding model based on certain rules that we have formulated to study systems with certain non-trivial bulks. These rules allow us to study bulks that have twists and branching. We discuss certain cases in the SAB model with different number of bands, exhibiting several interesting physical properties. For every bulk there can be two sets of configurations: the orientable and the non-orientable configuration. The later exhibits several non-trivial physical properties like exact flat bands (exactly at particle hole symmetry level), zero energy states localised in the bulk, topological edge states etc. We then discuss a three band non-orientable SAB model which is easy to visualise. We also investigate the effects of disorder (both chiral symmetry preserving and breaking) in the non-orientable configurations hosting flat bands. We find for chiral symmetry preserving disorders, some of them (non-degenerate flat band) are robust to large disorders while others (degenerate flat band) exhibit an insulator to metal transition beyond certain critical disorder strength due to band gap closing as a result of the broadening of the zero energy states. For chiral symmetry breaking disorders, in both the cases the zero energy bulk states broaden and close the gap beyond certain critical disorder strength.
Improving the ferroelectric properties of Lu doped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films by capping a CeO
x
layer
Authors: Xiao Yongguang , Yang Lisha , Jiang Yong , Liu Siwei , Li Gang , Ouyang Jun , Tang Minghua
Published: June 2024

Lu doped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) ferroelectric films were prepared on Pt/TiN/SiO2/Si substrate by chemical solution deposition method, and an interfacial engineering strategy for improving the ferroelectric property was explored by capping the Lu doped HZO films with a cerium oxide layer. Compared with the Lu doped HZO film without the CeO
x
coating layer, the Lu doped HZO film with the CeO
x
coating layer has a larger remanent polarization (2P
r = 34.72 µC cm−2) and presents weaker wake-up behavior, which result from the higher orthogonal phase ratio and the lower oxygen vacancy of the CeO
x
coated Lu doped HZO film. In addition, the CeO
x
coating can remarkably improve the fatigue resistance and retention performance of the Lu doped HZO films. It is hoped that the results can provide an effective approach for the realization of high-performance and highly reliable hafnium oxide based ferroelectric thin films.
Influence of natural gas component changes on hydrate generation temperature and pressure
Authors: Wang Yubin , Liu Wei , Li Bin , Yan Xiaochen , Wang Yunchen , Xiao Fan
Published: June 2024

During the transportation of natural gas through pipelines, there is a potential for the formation of gas hydrates. These hydrates can result in pipeline blockages, causing economic losses and significant safety hazards. Therefore, it holds crucial reference value to understand the conditions under which hydrates are formed and to grasp the laws governing their generation for effective prevention and control. This study employs the P-P hydrate thermodynamic model to compute the temperature and pressure at which natural gas generates hydrates. We also explore the impact of changes in the composition of natural gas on the temperature and pressure required for hydrate formation. This helps us discern the sensitivity of hydrate formation conditions to various components. Our findings indicate that propane, isobutane, and H2S substantially influence hydrate formation under the same percentage of alteration. For instance, a 3% increase in these three components results in a temperature increase of 2.36°C, 2.83°C, and 2.14°C, respectively, for hydrate formation at 100 bar.
Modeling and simulating the thermal management system of a hydrogen fuel cell
Authors: Li Haoran , Wang Jun , Cheng Yanjie , Wang Zewen , Tang Jiabao
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen energy is an important means of achieving decarbonization goals. Hydrogen fuel cells have broad application prospects due to their high-power output and wide temperature range. To improve the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell thermal management system, this paper establishes a simulation model of a 60kw fuel cell. The performance of the fuel cell engine thermal management system model under optimal operating parameters is studied by taking the temperature of the inlet and outlet water of the stack as the observation value. This is significant in improving the thermal environment of the fuel cell engine and ensuring its safe and efficient operation.
The nonlinear impact of climate change on inland waterway transportation in the Upper Mississippi—Illinois River Region
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Li Zekun , Cheng Junmei
Published: June 2024

The U.S. inland waterway system has played a critical role in promoting economic growth by efficiently transporting agricultural and manufacturing commodities along major riverine systems, such as the Mississippi River. However, the system faces escalating challenges due to the growing disruptions caused by climate change. For instance, the drought of the Mississippi River during the fall of 2022 resulted in an unprecedented increase in barge shipping rates. While the industry generally recognizes that climate change can significantly impact agricultural supply chains, it remains unclear how various environmental factors, including changes in water levels and temperature, affect inland waterway operations. This study aims to fill this research gap by conducting an empirical assessment of the impact of climate change-related factors on the operations of the inland waterway system in the Upper Mississippi—Illinois River Region. Unlike previous studies using conventional regression analysis, this study investigates the nonlinear relationship between changes in barge shipping rates and various environmental factors using the Gradient Boosting Decision Trees machine-learning method. Our analysis identifies the 29 ft gage height as a pivotal threshold influencing barge rates; rates tend to rise as the gage height decreases, and surpassing this threshold can also lead to increased shipping rates. This new approach enhances the model’s predictive capacity, allowing for a better understanding of the nonlinear effects of climate change on barge rates and productivity. It also enables planners and operational agencies to better understand the uncertainty of environmental conditions on the variations in barge rates and productivity performance. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers to understand the threshold effect of environmental conditions on inland waterway operations and facilitate the creation of effective adaptive strategies to mitigate future risks and consequences of climate change-induced disruptions.
Prime ideals in C*-algebras and applications to Lie theory
Authors: Gardella Eusebio , Thiel Hannes
Published: June 2024

We show that every proper, dense ideal in aC∗C^{*}-algebra is contained in a prime ideal. It follows that a subset generates aC∗C^{*}-algebra as a not necessarily closed ideal if and only if it is not contained in any prime ideal.

This allows us to transfer Lie theory results from prime rings toC∗C^{*}-algebras. For example, if aC∗C^{*}-algebraAAis generated by its commutator subspace[A,A][A,A]as a ring, then[[A,A],[A,A]]=[A,A][[A,A],[A,A]] = [A,A]. Further, given Lie idealsKKandLLinAA, then[K,L][K,L]generatesAAas a not necessarily closed ideal if and only if[K,K][K,K]and[L,L][L,L]do, and moreover this implies that[K,L]=[A,A][K,L]=[A,A].

We also discover new properties of the subspace generated by square-zero elements and relate it to the commutator subspace of aC∗C^{*}-algebra.
Negligence and the Reasonable Person
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Dorfman Avihay
Published: June 2024

The doctrine of due care in the law of negligence is famously associated with the standard of the reasonable person, meaning that both the defendant and the plaintiff are expected to meet this standard’s demands. It is commonly believed that one and the same standard, which can be either objective or subjective, applies across the plaintiff/defendant distinction. This chapter challenges this widely held view by focusing on an important doctrinal trend, which features a double asymmetry of due care: between defendants and plaintiffs and between under- and over-skilled defendants. This asymmetry, inexplicable in the dominant tort theories of economic efficiency and corrective justice, is clearly called for once private law is grounded in relational justice, where it functions as a necessary means for addressing the vulnerability imbalances at hand. Relational justice’s commitment to substantive freedom and equality helps identify these imbalances, explaining why they matter, and articulating negligence law’s fitting response.
Ancient Roman Literary Gardens
Authors: Myers K Sara
Published: June 2024

This book offers the first full and in-depth study of the representation of gardens in Latin Literature. Through close readings of the major Latin texts, primarily of the first centuries BCE and CE, it examines the function of garden descriptions in terms of their generic and literary codes and models, their gender constructions, and the ways in which garden descriptions function within the narrative structures of texts and reflect metapoetically on the work itself (geopoetics). Combining fresh dialogues with literary criticism, ancient garden studies, and close readings of poetry and prose, this study sheds new light on a number of central texts. Included are discussions of a broad range of Roman authors, such as Cicero, Catullus, Vergil, Varro, Horace, Ovid, Petronius, Columella, Statius, Pliny the Elder and Younger, the Carmina Priapea, and the Vergilian Appendix. The work shows that garden spaces in literature function in ways that are important to an understanding of the aesthetic and ethical values of a given literary work, while offering insights into ancient Roman attitudes towards gender, art, and human relationships with nature.
Introduction
Authors: Myers K Sara
Published: June 2024

The introduction explains why the categories of gender, genre, and geopoetics provide a broad approach for organizing a wide range of texts. It begins with an introduction to ancient garden studies: literary, art historical, and archaeological. It offers definitions of the types of Roman gardens, the identification of gardens in literature, and methods of analyzing these representations. Contemporary spatial theory has encouraged an exploration of the relationship between identity and the environment and how places are invested with meaning and connect with cultural practices. Archaeology reveals much about actual Roman gardens, but ancient texts tend to follow literary and generic models. In Latin literature gardens figure as symbols of literary artistry (or geopoetics). The gender dynamics of literary gardens depict men as cultivators and women as cultivated and while male associations with the garden represent a range of positive ideals, women in gardens are usually sexualized.
Masculine Horticultural Self-Fashioning
Authors: Myers K Sara
Published: June 2024

Beginning with Cicero and Varro and ending with Statius and Pliny the Younger, this chapter offers a chronological investigation of the ways in which real and literary gardens developed from the first century bce to the first century ce as a means of elite masculine self-representation and the reactions of elite Roman men to the increased social and cultural power of villa and horti estates and their grounds. Gardens served as powerful symbols of wealth and as creative displays of the cultural aspirations of their owners in ways that challenged traditional definitions of gardens and of Roman manliness. Since these large-scale “gardens” are primarily associated with leisure (otium), authors are concerned with describing and justifying their activities in these sites as befitting Roman masculine ideals. We can trace a change in attitude toward leisure and the private display of wealth, and consequently gardens, largely attributed to changes in the sociopolitical circumstances of the Roman elite, in the works of Statius and his contemporary Pliny the Younger, who use laudatory descriptions of extensive villas and grounds as a means of expressing social and literary power.
Women in the Garden
Authors: Myers K Sara
Published: June 2024

Chapter 3 looks at how Catullus and Ovid engage with the Greek literary motif of the protected (premarital) virginal garden, primarily found in lyric poetry and tragedy. These passages place women in the center of the garden. In his two wedding poems 61 and 62, Catullus follows a Greek hymeneal tradition that represented the young bride (and sometimes groom) as a protected, yet ephemeral, plant in an enclosed garden. While the garden offers the flower/bride nurturing, it also symbolizes the containment and control of her sexuality by her male guardian. The two poems give different perspectives, male and female, on the experience of the bride. Ovid too gestures toward this Greek literary tradition in his two extraordinary garden passages, one each in the Metamorphoses and Fasti, which are presided over by the Roman female plant divinities, Pomona and Flora. Ovid uses these garden descriptions to reflect metapoetically on the complementary poetics of the Fasti and Metamorphoses and to create cross-generic tensions between them. In both poems the bounded nature of garden space is exploited by Ovid for gender and genre crossing.
Introduction
Authors: Rodrigues Valerian
Published: June 2024

The Introduction highlights what Ambedkar regarded as the enduring influences on his thinking. The influence of two of his three gurus on him—Kabir, and Jotirao Phule—is highlighted here, while that of the Buddha finds a mention across all the chapters. The impact of John Dewey resonates across many of his writings. The new liberals and the Fabian strand of thought had a distinct bearing on him. He located himself within a fledgling Dalit Public in Bombay, which was a colonial industrial hub, and a hotbed of nationalism in India. The aim of this study is to reflectively consider the basic concepts that formed Ambedkar’s frame of politics which at the same time addresses the concerns of those at the social margins everywhere.
Nationalism
Authors: Rodrigues Valerian
Published: June 2024

Nationalism has pitchforked its claim as the basis of political community under modernity. It is a new and different kind of bond that arises with the entry of the masses into the public arena and seeks its own state, and is irreducible to common history, race, territory, or religion. The emotive snare it casts proves irresistible and those smitten by it are not prepared to trade it off. In the name of swaraj, the just claim of everyone to be equal participants in the bond of nationalism cannot be ignored. As a nationality, however, this bond may not seek independent statehood, but may coexist within a common state. It is also important to distinguish community as a distinct set of interests from nationality. Ambedkar thought that the demand for Pakistan has succeeded in metamorphosing itself as nationalism and the Indian National Congress cannot absolve itself fully from its share of blame for this development.
On Political Representation
Authors: Rodrigues Valerian
Published: June 2024

Ambedkar conceived representation as an instrument to shift embedded domination to emancipatory possibilities. It must address the conditions of specific societies, and the political and institutional complexes in place, expressed in the memorable metaphor, ‘the coat must fit’. The emerging post-colonial dispensation in India was a matter of special concern. In plural societies, where there is an ethnic majority distinct from the ethnic minority/minorities, if representation is not sensitive to this social fact it may reproduce these very same relations in the political domain, reducing the latter permanently to subservience. Where relations between the majority and minority are open-ended, and there are close bonds between them, there could be joint representation with reservation to the minority, but where they are closed against one another, then the minority deserves separate representation. Ambedkar proposed a scheme of ‘cycles of participation’ to address the Adivasi concerns in India.
The healthy participant effect: insights and results from a population-based case–control study on breast cancer
Authors: Maldonado-Cañón Kevin , Möhl Annika , Obi Nadia , Behrens Sabine , Flaßkamp Fabian , Seibold Petra , Chang-Claude Jenny , Becher Heiko
Published: June 2024

Agreement to participate in case–control studies has become low. Healthy participant bias resulting from differential response proportions in cases and controls can distort results; however, the magnitude of bias is difficult to assess. We investigated the effect in a large population-based case–control study on breast cancer, with a participation rate of 43.4% and 64.1% for controls and cases, respectively. We performed a mortality follow-up in 2020 for 3813 cases and 7335 controls recruited during 2002-2005. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for overall mortality and selected causes of death were estimated. The mean age at recruitment was 63.1 years. The overall mortality for controls was 0.66 times lower (95% CI, 0.62–0.69) than for the reference population. For causes of death other than breast cancer, SMRs were similar in cases and controls (0.70 and 0.64). Higher education was associated with lower SMRs in both cases and controls. Options for adjusting the healthy participant bias are limited if the true risk factor distribution in the underlying population is unknown. However, a relevant bias in this particular case–control study is considered unlikely since a similar healthy participant effect was observed for both controls and cases.
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and police-reported motor vehicle crash risk among older adults: a sequential target trial emulation
Authors: Zullo Andrew R , Khan Marzan A , Pfeiffer Melissa R , Margolis Seth A , Ott Brian R , Curry Allison E , Bayer Thomas A , Riester Melissa R , Joyce Nina R
Published: June 2024

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (“Z-drugs”) are prescribed for insomnia but might increase the risk of motor vehicle crash (MVC) among older adults through prolonged drowsiness and delayed reaction times. We estimated the effect of initiating Z-drug treatment on the 12-week risk of MVC in a sequential target trial emulation. After linking New Jersey driver licensing and police-reported MVC data to Medicare claims, we emulated a new target trial each week (July 1, 2007, to October 7, 2017) in which Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries were classified as Z-drug-treated or untreated at baseline and followed for an MVC. We used inverse probability of treatment and censoring-weighted pooled logistic regression models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences with 95% bootstrap confidence limits (CLs). There were 257 554 person-trials, of which 103 371 were Z-drug-treated and 154 183 untreated, giving rise to 976 and 1249 MVCs, respectively. The intention-to-treat RR was 1.06 (95% CL, 0.95-1.16). For the per-protocol estimand, there were 800 MVCs and 1241 MVCs among treated and untreated person-trials, respectively, suggesting a reduced MVC risk (RR, 0.83; 95% CL, 0.74-0.92) with sustained Z-drug treatment. Z-drugs should be prescribed to older patients judiciously but not withheld entirely over concerns about MVC risk.

This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.