bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specialization training of doctors in the surgical specialties in Poland
Authors: Grudziąż-Sękowska Justyna , Bauman Agnieszka , Kapica Magdalena , Jankowski Piotr , Wywrot Małgorzata , Religioni Urszula , Ostrowska Aurelia , Pinkas Jarosław , Ostrowski Janusz , Zgliczyński Wojciech Stefan
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The specialisation education system in Poland is subject to constant changes, the aim of which is to adapt it to changing needs, while ensuring the highest quality of education. The need for reform is indicated by the doctors themselves who undergo specialisation training, and who know its strengths and weaknesses best. Potential changes should be evaluated and implemented on an ongoing basis to ensure the continuous development of the specialisation education system. Moreover, the quality of education should be constantly monitored to maintain its appropriate level.

Aim of the article: The study aims to characterize the changes taking place in the system of specialisation education in nine selected treatment areas of medicine as well as in anaesthesiology and intensive therapy in 2011-2020, with particular emphasis on quantitative changes.

Material and methods: The material for analysis consists of data from the register of doctors undergoing specialisation training conducted by the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw (CMKP) from 2011 to 2020, data provided by The Supreme Medical Chamber (NIL) and the Medical Examinations Centre (CEM) in 2011-2018. The material analysis was quantitative and was carried out with the use of Microsoft Excel.

Results: The data analysis carried out indicates that in the analysed set of specialisations in 2011-2020:

the number of doctors undergoing specialisation training has increased,

the share of doctors undergoing specialisation training as part of residency has increased,

the share of women in the group of doctors undergoing specialisation increased,

the number of training places has increased,

the number of accredited units has increased,

the use of training places has decreased (the number of training places per specialist doctor has increased), and

the average age of a person undergoing specialisation has decreased.

Conclusions: The postgraduate education system for doctors in Poland in 2011-2020 was subject to numerous reforms and was constantly developing. Modular Specialisations have been introduced to improve accessibility and reduce the time to complete Specialisations that were formerly Detailed Specialisations. The number of doctors in  in the surgical specialisations in Poland  shows a growing trend.
Criminal and professional liability of medical professionals in Poland - present and future.
Authors: Wrześniewska-Wal Iwona , Hajdukiewicz Dariusz , Augustynowicz Anna , Janiszewska Lidia , Waszkiewicz Michał , Winciunas Piotr
Published: August 2023

The article presents criminal and professional liability that may be born by persons providing healthcare services, in particular doctors and dentists. The Act on the professions of doctor and dentist containing the basic directives for dealing with patients is of key importance from the point of view of the medical profession. Its provisions imply, first of all, doctor’s obligation to pursue his/her profession in accordance with the current state of medical knowledge, using available methods and means. The Act also establishes an obligation to observe the principles of professional ethics and to exercise due diligence in the performance of professional activities. Similar regulations apply to other medical professionals: nurses and midwives, physiotherapists, pharmacists and laboratory diagnosticians. A failure to exercise due diligence by a doctor providing medical services or by another medical professional may constitute grounds for a patient to report a suspected offence or file a complaint with the Screener for Professional Liability. The article discusses in a practical way examples of criminal and professional court rulings.
Wewnątrznaczyniowe leczenie zwężeń tętnic przeszczepionej allogenicznej nerki
Authors: Szczerbiński Jakub , Szlęzak Ksawery , Bojakowski Krzysztof , Andziak Piotr
Published: August 2023

Ostatnie badania kwestionują skuteczność chirurgicznego leczenia zwężenia tętnicy nerkowej. Jednak pacjenci ze zwężeniem tętnicy jedynej nerki mogą odnieść największe korzyści z leczenia wewnątrznaczyniowego. Zwężenie tętnicy nerki przeszczepionej jest przyczyną pogorszenia funkcji narządu, potencjalnie mogącą prowadzić do utraty przeszczepu i zwiększenia śmiertelności w grupie chorych dotkniętych tym powikłaniem. Nie dysponujemy jednak danymi dotyczącymi optymalnego leczenia zwężenia tętnicy nerki przeszczepionej. Obejmuje ono leczenie zachowawcze i ewentualną kwalifikację do leczenia zabiegowego. Przeprowadzenie interwencji wewnątrznaczyniowej daje szansę na korekcję zwężenia i powrót właściwej funkcji nerki przeszczepionej. Podczas operacji wykorzystywane są różne metody - angioplastyka, implantacja stentów, w tym również urządzenia uwalniające miejscowo leki antyproliferacyjne. Obecnie wydaje się, że przeprowadzona w porę interwencja daje takie same szanse na długotrwałe funkcjonowanie przeszczepu i przeżycie, jak w grupie biorców przeszczepu nerki nie rozwijających TRAS. Dane dotyczące epidemiologii, czynników ryzyka i wyników leczenia są skąpe, dlatego potrzebne jest przeprowadzenie dalszych badań.
Differential diagnosis of vertebral artery fenestration and dissection: case report
Authors: Wieczorek Michał , Sklinda Katarzyna , Mruk Bartosz , Walecki Jerzy
Published: August 2023

Arterial fenestration is a rare anatomical variant characterised by the presence of a congenital segmental duplication of an artery. In certain imaging modalities it may resemble arterial dissection, which, unlike arterial fenestration, is potentially lethal and requires treatment. The use of diagnostic methods that ensure a comprehensive visualisation of the vascular system, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), may complete inconclusive results of exams performed with other modalities and enable the differential diagnosis of arterial fenestration and dissection.
Tętniak tętnicy podkolanowej
Authors: Jaworowki Radosław , Bojakowski Krzysztof , Kołomańska Paulina , Andziak Piotr , Szczerbiński Jakub
Published: August 2023

Tętniak tętnicy podkolanowej są najczęstszym tętniakiem tętnic obwodowych i występują znacząco częściej u mężczyzn niż u kobiet. Tętniaki t. podkolanowej często współwystępują z innymi patologiami naczyniowymi - najczęściej tętniakami o innym umiejscowieniu. Najczęstszą etiopatogenezą tętniaków t. podkolanowej jest miażdżyca, znacznie rzadziej spowodowane są chorobami tkanki łącznej (zespół Marfana, choroba Becketa) lub zakażeniem. Niepowikłane tętniaki t. podkolanowej często są bezobjawowe, jedynie tętniaki o dużej średnicy mogą być wyczuwalne jako tętniący guz w dole podkolanowym. Istotnym problemem są powikłania tętniaka tętnicy podkolanowej – najczęściej zakrzepica tętnicy podkolanowej lub zator obwodowy powodujące niedokrwienie lub ucisk na przylegające struktury (żyła podkolanowa, nerw piszczelowy),natomiast pęknięcie tętniaka występuje bardzo rzadko. Leczenie tętniaków tętnicy podkolanowej obejmuje wewnątrznaczyniowe wszczepienie stentu krytego oraz otwarte rekonstrukcje z wykorzystaniem protezy naczyniowej z tworzywa sztucznego lub własnego naczynia chorego. Sposób leczenia operacyjnego zależy od wielu czynników - średnicy i długości tętniaka, zagięcia szyi, obecność skrzepliny, ucisku na przylegające struktury, drożności tętnic podudzia i dobierany jest indywidualnie. Wyniki planowych operacji tętniaków t. podkolanowych zależne są od konfiguracji anatomicznej tętniaka, współistniejących patologii naczyniowych, są dobre i zależą od konfiguracji anatomicznej tętniaka, współistniejących patologii naczyniowych. Jednak ryzyko amputacji kończyny w przypadków tętniaków powodujących ostre niedokrwienie jest znaczne i sięga 20%.
ANALISIS PENGARUH SKALA USAHA, UMUR USAHA, PENDIDIKAN PEMILIK TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) DI DESA SAORNAULI HATOGUAN KECAMATAN PALIPI KABUPATEN SAMOSIR
Authors: Hutapea Herti Diana , Sinaga Eviana N
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of business scale, business age and owner's education on the use of accounting information for micro, small and medium enterprises through a quantitative study. Sampling using purposive sampling method amounted to 30 owners of SMEs. The data used in this research is primary data. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents/owners of MSMEs in Saornauli Hatoguan Village. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis and classical assumption test with SPSS tool. From the results of the tests carried out, the results of the research show that the variables of business scale, business age and owner's education have a significant effect on the use of accounting information in MSMEs. While the variable age of business has no significant effect on the use of accounting information in SMEs
MANAGERIAL ATTITUDE ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Dawit Negussie Tolossa  , Dr. Hemal B. Pandya
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to present a systematic literature review (SRL) on Managerial attitudes toward export performance. Literature reviews have been considered an essential practice to assess the nature of the wide range of knowledge in different fields of inquiry, allowing future development. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) are used to study and assess the nature and quality of the systematic review paper published on the managerial attitude toward export performance. All systematic reviews published across 112 managerial attitudes on export performance journals 2016-2022 were considered for this review. The studys results portray multiple limitations in the design, organization, and execution of current systematic reviews. This search found that 15 out of 112 papers specifically analyze. In particular, this work highlights 15 documents that are direct or indirect. This papers descriptive review results emphasize that none of the contributions considers the qualitative analysis of the managerial attitude on export performance. This paper suggests that managers, entrepreneurs, and investors with the power to make executive decisions must consider the contributions of managerial attitude on export performance. The study contributes to having more knowledge of the managerial attitude toward export performance from the literature review.
KEY TERMS: - Systematic literature review, managerial attitude, export performance
Sentido de coherencia en adultos jóvenes: revisión integrativa
Authors: Álvarez-Rodriguez Mackarena , Cid-Henríquez Patricia
Published: August 2023

Introducción: La teoría salutogénica, presenta un enfoque diferente para el estudio de la salud, que es el movimiento que toma la persona hacia el extremo de la salud en la línea de un continuum bienestar-malestar. Esta teoría posee dos conceptos claves, el sentido de coherencia y los recursos generales de resistencia.  El sentido de coherencia es considerado útil en el afrontamiento y en la adaptación a las necesidades específicas de las diferentes etapas de la vida. Objetivo: Identificar el rol del sentido de coherencia y los factores que influyen en los adultos jóvenes. Metodología:  Revisión integrativa, con metodología de 6 etapas, según Botelho, Cunha, Macedo, la búsqueda de artículos se realizó en bases de datos; WOS, SCOPUS, PubMed y SciELO, durante Julio del 2020, utilizando los descriptores; Sense of coherence OR Salutogenesis AND Young adult. De los 1161 artículos potenciales encontrados se seleccionaron 11. Resultados: Se evidenció un sentido de coherencia fuerte en los adultos jóvenes, que fue influido por la cultura, sexo, nivel educativo, ingreso económico y apoyo social. Conclusiones: El sentido de coherencia tiene un rol protector en los adultos jóvenes, dado que reduce el impacto de los eventos estresantes. Las evidencias analizadas respecto a los factores asociados no son concluyentes, ya que, se requiere de mayores estudios con rigor metodológico.
A narrative review on the association between smoking and schizophrenia symptoms
Authors: Uludag Kadir , Zhao Min
Published: August 2023

Smoking is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the relationship between smoking and SCZ-related risk factors remains unclear. In addition, whether smoking works as a self-treatment to alleviate SCZ symptoms is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the complex relationship between smoking behavior and specific SCZ symptoms. We conducted a literature search on PubMed using the keyword “smoking self-treatment and SCZ” and identified 191 studies. After screening for relevance, 47 studies were included in the study. Most studies confirmed a correlation between smoking status and the severity of negative, positive, and cognitive symptoms in SCZ. In addition, most studies investigated the association between cognitive symptoms and SCZ with inconsistent findings. We confirmed that smoking status is associated with symptom severity, including cognitive, negative, extrapyramidal, and positive symptoms. These findings support the theory of self-treatment and highlight the importance of addressing smoking behavior in SCZ patients.
Pengaruh Experiential Marketing Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Coffee Shop Desa Wisata Tuk Tuk Siadong Kabupaten Samosir
Authors: Adit Masditou
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of Experiential Marketing on customer loyalty at a coffee shop located in Tuk Tuk Siadong Tourism Village, Samosir Regency. Experiential Marketing is a marketing approach that aims to create a unique and satisfying experience for customers. In the context of a coffee shop, positive experiences include factors such as a comfortable atmosphere, friendly service, special activities, and a pleasant environment. The research method used was a survey using a questionnaire distributed to coffee shop customers as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using regression analysis techniques to identify the relationship between the positive experience provided by the coffee shop and the level of customer loyalty. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the positive experiences provided by coffee shops and customer loyalty. Customers who experience unique and satisfying positive experiences tend to have higher levels of loyalty to the coffee shop. Factors such as a comfortable atmosphere, friendly service, and special activities contribute to a positive experience and influence customer loyalty. The implication of this study is that coffee shops in Tuk Tuk Siadong Tourism Village need to pay special attention to the positive experiences they provide to customers. They need to create a comfortable atmosphere, improve service quality, and present interesting special activities. By engaging customers in a unique experience, coffee shops can strengthen customer loyalty and create a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This research contributes to the understanding of the importance of Experiential Marketing in creating positive experiences that have an impact on customer loyalty in coffee shops. The results of this study can be the basis for coffee shop business owners to plan marketing strategies that focus on a unique and satisfying customer experience.
Analisis Keunggulan Kompetitif Dalam Memaksimalkan Media Promosi Pada Warung Rondo Mangir Banyuwangi
Authors: Febrian Ayu Wanda
Published: August 2023

Warung Jajanan Rondo adalah pasar wisata kuliner yang terletak di Jl. Pringgondani, Desa Mangir, Kec. Rogojampi, Banyuwangi. Pasar wisata kuliner ini memiliki tempat dan sumber daya yang strategis dengan keunggulan bersaing sehingga dapat menciptakan peluang yang cukup besar jika dikembangkan dan dipromosikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan Warung Jajanan Rondo secara lebih luas melalui media sosial instagram secara efektif dengan pendekatan berbasis sumberdaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis Resources Based View Theory (RBV) untuk menggambarkan kondisi dan sumber daya yang dimiliki dan kerangka analisis VRIO untuk penilaian sumber daya. Tahap pengambilan keputusan menggunakan analisis SCA terhadap sumberdaya yang memenuhi semua penilaiam yang digunakan sebagai alternatif rekomendasi strategi promosi Warung Jajanan Rondo. Ada tiga rekomendasi dimana unsur-unsur bauran promosi telah dimasukkan dalam setiap rekomendasi. Rekomendasi yang dihasilkan peneliti dari analisis SCA adalah dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya terpilih berupa kesenian sebagai konten, mengembangkan kemampuan pengelola dan memberdayakan masyarakat melalui pelatihan atau sosialisasi untuk menjaga pemeliharaan operasional Warung Jajanan Rondo.
The Implementation of Tourism Awareness in Bukit Holbung - Hariara Pohan Tourism Village, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Sinaga Deafani Clara
Published: August 2023

This study discusses how to implementation tourism awareness in the Sapta Pesona approach at Holbung Hill (Bukit Holbung) Hariarapohan Tourism Village, Samsosir Regency, North Sumatera Province. This study uses qualitative research methods, which is used to research in scientific conditions (experiments) where researchers as research instruments, data collection techniques and qualitative analysis put more emphasis on meaning. In this study the research instrument was the researcher himself or human instrument, and the key informants were the Chairperson of the Pokdarwis, the Head of Indigenous Peoples / Homestay Manager, the Tourism Consultant, the Community at Bukit Holbung to be precise in Hariarapohan Village. The data collection technique is through interviews and observations, then the data obtained is analyzed descriptively by describing or describing the data that has been collected and general conclusions are drawn. The result of the research that the application of Tourism Awareness in Holbung Hill, Hariarapohan Village has been implemented properly,  just not optimal because some people still don't care about tourism activities at Holbung Hill, because of the mindset of the people who want immediate results, and they don't understand that tourism requires a long process to see the results of these tourism activities.

Keywords: Tourism Awarness, Tourism Village, Seven Charms (Sapta Pesona), Community.
Strategi Pengembangan Desa Wisata Liang Pematang Di Kec. Sinembah Tanjung Muda Hulu Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Gunawan Bakti
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rencana pengembangan desa wisata di Desa Liang Pematang Kabupaten Deli Serdang, dan memberikan saran untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan/ekonomi desa melalui rencana pengembangan desa wisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mewawancarai tokoh desa dan warga desa Liang Pematang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis SWOT. Melalui kajian ini ditemukan bahwa sarana dan prasarana masih kurang, sedangkan Desa Liang Pematang juga memiliki potensi yang baik dimana pemerintah dan Desa Iang Pematang ikut serta dalam pengembangan Desa Liang Pematang sebagai desa wisata dan dapat ditingkatkan kesejahteraannya. dari orang-orang. Selain itu juga direncanakan untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kapasitas desa Liang Pematang.
Eksplorasi Potensi Wisata Kuliner Untuk Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Dalimunthe Mohammad Yusuf
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi potensi wisata kuliner sebagai upaya pengembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggali pemahaman yang mendalam tentang potensi kuliner lokal, interaksi antara pelaku usaha kuliner dan wisatawan, serta peran wisata kuliner dalam pengembangan pariwisata daerah. Metode observasi partisipatif dilakukan dengan berpartisipasi langsung dalam kegiatan kuliner di lokasi wisata kuliner di Kabupaten Simalungun. Pengamat mengamati praktik kuliner, interaksi sosial, dan atmosfir di tempat-tempat kuliner yang menjadi fokus penelitian. Selain itu, wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan pemilik usaha kuliner, ahli pariwisata lokal, komunitas masyarakat setempat, dan wisatawan yang telah mengunjungi Kabupaten Simalungun. Wawancara ini memberikan wawasan tentang pandangan, pengalaman, dan pengetahuan mereka terkait potensi wisata kuliner dan peran pengembangan pariwisata. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tema, dan isu yang muncul dalam eksplorasi potensi wisata kuliner. Hasil dan temuan penelitian ini akan memberikan wawasan yang lebih baik tentang potensi kuliner lokal, tantangan yang dihadapi, dan peluang pengembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Simalungun. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan pariwisata kuliner di Kabupaten Simalungun. Temuan dan rekomendasi dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk mengembangkan strategi pengembangan pariwisata kuliner yang berkelanjutan dan memperkuat identitas kuliner daerah.
Development of Android Application-Based Learning Media Using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) on Cell Division Materials
Authors: Rinaldi Rinaldi , Hasan Ani M. , Ibrahim Mustamin
Published: August 2023

Mobile phones are not only used as a communication tool in the millennial era, but they can also be used in the learning process. Mobile phones are rarely used as a learning tool by students. This study aims to determine the validity level of learning media based on Android applications using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) on mitotic and meiotic cell division material. This type of research is research development, or research and development (R&D), using the ADDIE model, which is modified only up to the development stage with limited trials in class XII IPA 1, SMA Negeri 1, Tapa. The results showed that the results of validating learning media based on android applications using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) on mitotic and meiotic cell division material were included in the "very valid" category with a percentage of 3.93%
Development of Student Worksheets Based on Science Process Skills on Human Excretion System Materials
Authors: Lisa Erma , Suryani Ira , Tambunan Efrida Pima Sari
Published: August 2023

Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on science process skills on human excretory system material presented in the form of an application on a smartphone which contains human excretion system material, stages of practicum activities and questions adapted to indicators of science process skills, which are expected to be able to train participants' thinking abilities educate. The research aims to find out: (1) the feasibility of developing science process skills-based LKPD (Student Worksheets): (2) the practicality of developing process skills-based LKPD (Student Worksheets); and (3) The effectiveness of developing LKPD (Student Worksheets) based on science process skills on human excretory system material. The development model in this study is 4D which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, development, and disseminate the research subject of 30 students of class XI IPA MAS 12 Perbaungan. The research instruments are validation sheets for material experts, linguists, and media experts on feasibility testing, practitioner validation sheets to determine practicality, pretest and posttest sheets for effectiveness testing. The results of this study prove that the skill-based LKPD science process developed is declared very feasible with a percentage of 89.39%, very practical with a percentage of 81.94% and very effective with a high category of learning improvement that has been tested with n-gain with a score of 0.73 and excellent student response with a percentage of 81.58%. The results of this study prove that the developed science process skills-based learner worksheets are very feasible, very practical, and very effective to use in the learning process
Effect of Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a Bioremediation on Reducing Ammonia and Nitrite Levels of Catfish Nursery Pond Water in District Kebakkramat Regency Karanganyar
Authors: Setyowati Febriyanny Eka , Hutapea Henny Parida
Published: August 2023

Catfish nursery pond water generally contains ammonia and nitrites. Ammonia and nitrite in this fish farming system start with uneaten catfish feed residue, feces, and metabolic products that enter the waters. Utilization of catfish feed which contains high protein can absorbed by fish as much as 20-30% of nutrients. The rest will be excreted in the form of feces. Feces and food scraps that settle in this water contain ammonia and nitrites, which affect the quality of the water. Efforts to maintain water quality are by reducing and disposing of pond water in the river. This is categorized as water pollution. Efforts to control this water pollution are the technique of bioremediation. The aim of bioremediation techniques is to restore the ecological balance in waters by utilizing microorganisms so that a process of degradation of harmful and complex compounds occurs into harmless compounds. The microorganisms used in this study were bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris which can to oxidize and decompose organic matter effectively reducing water quality. This research was conducted to examine the effect of bacterial efficiency Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a bioremediator for catfish pond water waste based on reducing levels of ammonia and nitrite. Testing the ammonia and nitrite levels using a spectrophotometric method with different wavelengths. Observations in this test were carried out for three days under anaerobic conditions and light at a temperature of 33°C. Observations showed that bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris had an effect on reducing nitrite levels 12.65% greater than the control. While the addition of bacteria to the observation of ammonia levels did not have a decreasing effect as indicated by the value F <F crit.
Morphometric Study of African Spurred Tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) Based on Age Group
Authors: Siagian Tetty Barunawati , Prayogo Muhammad Firman Bayu , Widigdaya Danuja , Pungki Pungki
Published: August 2023

Centrochelys sulcata are kept and bred to prevent extinction. The sulkata tortoises were identified to determine their respective identities by measuring them morphometrically. Morphometric studies on sulkata tortoises are still minimal, so a morphometric study of the sulkata tortoises is needed. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the morphometry of sulcata tortoises with three different age ranges kept in ex-situ conservation. The research sample used 15 sulcata turtles which were divided into 3 groups namely group A (1 year), Group B (2 years), and Group C (3 years). The morphometric parameters measured were body weight, head, carapace, plastron, forelimb, hindlimb and bridge. The results showed that the average body weight of group A, B and C turtles was 2,179 kg, 1,289 kg and 0,167 kg respectively. The average maximum carapace length in a row for groups A, B, C, namely 11.64, 23.18 and 16.72 cm. The average plastron lengths for groups A, B, C were 9.08, 6.44 and 9.24 cm respectively. The average forelimb length in groups A, B and C were 3.04, 6.28 and 7.78 cm respectively. The average hindlimb length for groups A, B, and C were 1.86, 3.5 and 4.04 cm, respectively. The average bridge width for groups A, B and C were 4.36, 8.94 and 10.1 cm respectively. Based on the results of morphometric measurements of the three groups of sulcata tortoises, it was shown that group C had a larger morphometric size than groups B and A, this was due to differences in age and growth factors. Sulcata tortoises group C is 3 years old and belongs to the juvenile group. Sulcata tortoise groups A and B aged 1 and 2 years are included in the yearly group
Formulation of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris. L) and Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) Gel Extracts as Anti-Aging
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Prayoga Andre
Published: August 2023

Anti-Aging can prevent or slow down the effects of skin aging. This study aims to formulate extracts of beetroot (Beta vulgaris. L) and Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera) in gel preparations and test their anti-aging effectiveness. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Sari Mutiara Indonesia. The tools used are skin analyzer and moisture checker. B. vulgaris Samples from Brastagi, Karo Regency and A.vera taken from Rantauprapat, Labuhan Batu Regency. Methods of implementation Beet extraction was extracted with 96% ethanol solvent, and A.vera extract from the juicer. The irritation test on 12 volunteers used nettle extract cream with the highest concentration of 0.5%. Anti-aging activity testing used 12 female volunteers aged 19-22 years, who were divided into 4 groups, namely 3 volunteers (A; Blank), administration of beetroot extract gel (B. vulgaris. L) and A.vera (B) : 3%), (C: 6%), and (D: 9%). 3. Parameters measured include moisture content, number of pores and wrinkles. Data distribution was analyzed using the One sample Kolmonogrov-Smirnov Test method. Then proceed with the analysis of the One-Way Anova method. The results of research on beet (B. vulgaris. L) and Aloe Vera (A.vera) gel preparations can be formulated in a gel dosage form. pH 6.9, W/O emulsion type, viscosity 2500-3500 cps, non-irritating, and stable on storage for 28 days. Beet fruit extract (B. vulgaris) and aloe vera viscous extract (A.vera) can be formulated in the form of an anti-aging gel that can provide an anti-aging effect at the best concentration, namely at a concentration of 9% by increasing skin moisture to 40.24%; smaller pores 0.53%; and reduce wrinkles by 0.33%
The Effect of IAA and BAP on Root Induction of Cattleya Orchids
Authors: Harahap Fauziyah , Sinuraya Kenari Br , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Suriani Cicik , Ningsih Ayu Putri , Edi Syahmi , Nusyirwan Nusyirwan
Published: August 2023

Orchid is an ornamental plant commodity that has an important meaning in international trade. Until now, orchids are still the center of attention of farmers and lovers of ornamental plants, because of their bright potential as cut flowers and potted plants. The popular and widespread type of orchid is Cattleya sp. The Cattleya orchid is also called the queen of orchids because of its colorful flowers. Cattleya sp. orchids take a long time to propagate by seed, about 4 to 7 years, so other methods are needed to deal with them. Tissue culture is a method for isolating plant parts such as cells, tissues or organs, and cultivating them in an aseptic environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal interaction of growth regulators indole acetic acid (IAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and their interactions with the root induction of Cattleya sp. Cytokinins interact with auxin in determining the direction of cell differentiation. In this research method, differences in concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA: 0, 2, 4, 6 ppm) and concentrations of benzyl amino purine (BAP: 0, 0, 5, 1 ppm) were carried out. Parameters observed were the number of roots and root length. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using ANOVA. The highest number of roots was obtained in the treatment medium containing 0.5 ppm BAP and 6 ppm IAA, which was 6.33. The highest root length was found in the B0I4 treatment (BAP 0 + IAA 4 ppm). The results of the analysis of the interaction variance between the IAA treatment and the BAP treatment were 0.005, meaning that there was a significant effect of the combination of IAA and BAP on the leaf length of Cattleya sp.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN QUANTITY TAKE-OFF MENGGUNAKAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) PADA PROYEK JALAN TOL INDRALAYA-PRABUMULIH
Authors: Filza Wiranti  , Sartika Nisumanti  , Khodijah Al Qubro
Published: August 2023

Penerapan BIM pada proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol merupakan upaya Kementrian PUPR dalam peningkatan daya produktifitas dan daya guna perencanaan dan pembangunan proyek konstruksi jalan bebas hambatan melalui implementasi Information and Comunication Technology (ICT). Melalui Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT) memberikan tugas kepada Badan Usaha Jalan Tol (BUJT) untuk menerapkan BIM pada Pembangunan Jalan Tol Indralaya – Prabumulih. Dengan BIM diharapkan akan meminimalisir kesalah dalam perhitungan QTO yang mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam penentuan biaya proyek. Metode BIM dilakukan dengan menggunakan software pendukung yaitu Autodesk Revit untuk melakukan pemodelan 3D dan 5D (QTO) yang nantinya hasil perhitungan volume metode BIM akan di bandingkan dengan perhitungan volume metode konvensional. Studi kasus dilakukan pada Box Culvert STA. 0+126 pada Pembangunan Jalan Tol Indralaya – Prabumulih. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan volume secara keseluruhan sebesar 0,03% dimana perhitungan dengan Autodesk Revit lebih besar dibandingkan perhitungan konvensional. Persentase perbedaan pada pasangan batu kosong (Blinding Stone) sebesar 0,01%, beton struktur kelas E sebesar 0,01%, batang baja tulangan BJTD-40 sebesar 0,02%, struktur beton kelas C-2 dan urugan material berbutir (granular backfill) sebesar 0%. BIM dengan Autodesk Revit dapat melakukan perhitungan QTO secara otomatis yang sudah terintegrasi dengan desain 3Dnya, sehingga meningkatkan ketelitian dalam penentuan Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB).
Perancangan Aplikasi Tebak Gambar Untuk Anak Tunarungu
Authors: Elistiana Khoerotul Melina , Baihaqi Wiga Maulana
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest population in the world so it has various community groups, one of which is children with special needs who are deaf. A deaf child is someone who has lost the ability to hear. At a school in Purwokerto, deaf students cannot recognize general knowledge and arelazy to learn, especially in flat shape material. Often children like this need special tools in their learning to be effective, but the price of a teaching aid is quite expensive, so not all schools can afford it. As the technology of teaching aids develops, an application system that is more practical can be made, users just need to install it, no need to incur costs. In order for everything to be achieved, an MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method was applied which was developed by Luther. This method has several stages of research such as concept, design, material collection, assembly, testing and distribution. Where the results of the research contain application designs that suit the needs of deaf children with features that are easy to understand.
Evaluation of Knowledge of Breaking Bad News among Doctors and Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospitals Across Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Sanum , Mehmood Khalid
Published: August 2023

Objective: To establish the knowledge and skill of breaking bad news (BBN) among doctors and nurses in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on doctors and nurses in tertiary care hospitals across Pakistan from 20th March 2021 to 21st May 2021.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 responders from different tertiary care hospitals completed a questionnaire-based survey on the knowledge and skill of breaking bad news. The questionnaire was designed with the help of the guidance of experts of the Shaheen palliative care project, and its reliability and validity were checked by SPSS.For data collection, convenience sampling was used and to present the distribution of responses, frequencies and percentages were used. The sample size was calculated from the previous study using the WHO sample size calculator (2.2a for population proportions). Data was entered in Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Of the total participants, almost all 59 (98.3%) had the experience of breaking bad news to patients, 32 (53.3%) knew SPIKES protocol, whereas only 10 (18.2%) followed SPIKES model in delivering bad news.Conclusion: Among Pakistani doctors and nurses, the knowledge and skill of delivering breaking bad news is not satisfactory. Although breaking bad news is a part of training at different levels, it should be a part of the curriculum at all doctors and nurses to improve their communication skills, especially in terminal care.
Moderating Role of Socio-Economic Status: Health Belief Model and Preventive Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Niazi Iram Mansoor , Hussain Zarnish
Published: August 2023

Objective: The current study aimed at understanding the health belief model approach about the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan and the assessment of preventive measures against this pandemic. Secondly, the study aimed to examine the role of socioeconomic status as a moderator between the health belief model and preventive measures.Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was cross-sectional and grounded on data gathered by google forms throughout Punjab province from March 2021 to May 2021.Materials and Methods: For assessment of the health belief model World Health Organization (WHO) Cosmo protocol was adopted, and the preventive strategies questionnaire was implemented through Google Forms. It analyzed how socioeconomic status moderates the influence of the health beliefs of the Pakistani population on preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socio-economic status was assessed through the Federal Bureau of Statistic (FBS) data with the addition of four other dimensions (total family members, monthly income, total earning members in the family, residence personal/rent).Results: Results revealed that constructs of the health belief model, Susceptibility (p<.002), Severity (p<.026), Self-efficacy (p<.000), and Knowledge about the disease (p<.006) revealed a statistically predictive relationship with the predictive measures taken by Pakistani population. Furthermore, moderating analysis exposed that although some constructs of the health belief model played a significant role in the use of predictive measures, but role of socioeconomic status as a moderator in their relationship was non-significant.Conclusion: The current study's findings revealed that although different health beliefs like susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, and knowledge predict the taking of preventive measures, socio-economic status as moderating variable played a non-significant role on the relationship between health beliefs and preventive measures taken by Pakistani population.
Diagnostic Performance of Direct Microscopic Techniques and Culture Media for Fungal Isolates from Hair Specimens
Authors: Zeeshan Faiza , Uddin Fakhar , Kumar Suresh , Kashif Shahida , Jaffar Nazish
Published: August 2023

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of direct microscopic techniques and culture media for detecting fungal isolates in hair specimens.Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2021 to June 2021.Materials and Methods:  A total of 207 hair specimens were collected from the patients with superficial mycoses of the scalp. The specimens were collected under aseptic techniques using clean glass slides and forceps which were processed for Potassium hydroxide mount and Calcofluor white staining. The mycological cultures were performed on a Dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar with and without antibiotics. The data was recorded and analyzed on SPSS version 21. The frequencies, percentages, means, and ratios were calculated using Descriptive statistics. The association between variables were analyzed by the Chi-square test and kappa index.Results: Potassium hydroxide mount revealed fungal spores and hyphae in 154(74.3%) specimens, while Calcofluor white staining showed fungal elements in 179(86.5%) specimens. Out of 207 specimens, 106(51.2%) were culture positive and 101(48.8%) were declared culture negative. Out of culture-positive specimens, dermatophytes were yielded in 61(57.5%) and non-dermatophytes in 45(42.5%) specimens. Among all culture media, the highest number of dermatophytes was yielded by plain Sabouraud dextrose agar (59; 96.5%), followed by dermatophyte test medium (55; 90%), and Sabouraud dextrose agar with antibiotics (54; 90.1%). On the contrary, the primary isolation of non-dermatophytes on the plain was Sabouraud dextrose agar s 32(71.1%), Sabouraud dextrose agar with antibiotics 31(68.2%), and dermatophyte test medium 13(28.8%).Conclusion: In our study, we found Calcofluor white staining technique as the most sensitive method to detect fungal elements from the given hair specimens. For mycological culture, all tested culture media were equally effective for the retrieval of dermatophytes. However, for non-dermatophytes, plain SDA and SDA with antibiotics were found to be better media for isolation.
Medical Students’ Performance in Anatomy: Integrated Versus Subject-Based Scores
Authors: Islam Sobia , Musarrat Khan Huma , Rashid Nadia , Akhtar Lubna , Rashid Sadia , Anwar Noreen
Published: August 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the Anatomy scores with Total scores in exams with Integrated results and exams with Subject-based results and to compare the Anatomy scores in exams with Integrated results with exams with Subject-based results.Study Design: Quantitative/observational, retrospective study, with Universal sampling.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of Foundation University School of Health Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan, from 1st May 2022 to 31st August 2022.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on scores of the First professional examination in two groups of MBBS students; Group A (n=150). The result was based on integrated scores, and Group B (n=149): Result was based on subject score. The mean Anatomy score (AS) percentage in Groups A & B was compared with the mean total score (TS) percentage in both groups, respectively, and with each other using Student’s t test.Results: The Anatomy score in Group A (63.72%±12.20) and Group B (66.26%±12.7) was less than the Total score (Group A:69.38%±8.79, Group B:67.56±10.93). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.00) in Group A. The Anatomy score in Group A was less than in Group B, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.08).Conclusion: The Anatomy score was significantly less than the Total score in exams with integrated results. Moreover, the Anatomy score was less in the exams with integrated results as compared to exams with subject-based Results.
THE IMPACT ON THE STATE OF HEALTH DUE TO THE SEPARATION OF MOTHER/INFANT
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania, Danchici Carina , Cioboată Daniela ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, Manea Aniko ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania, Costescu Oana ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, Doandes Florina ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, Lungu Nicoleta ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, Brandibur Timeea ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, Boia Mărioara ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania,   Neonatology and Preterm Infants Department, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Early maternal/infant separation can result in a series of traumatic emotional reactions from both the newborn and the mother. Material and methods: The authors propose conducting a study on the influence of mother/newborn separation in a neonatology and premature department. To undergo the study, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed both to mothers admitted separately from newborns and to mothers admitted in the same ward as newborns. The study included a group of 60 mothers, the group being divided into two groups: separated mothers/newborns and unseparated mothers/newborns. Results: The study reported that the separated mothers/newborns group had an average hospital stay of more than 10 days compared to the group of unseparated mothers/newborns where the average duration of hospitalization was 7 days. 83.3% of unseparated newborns had a favorable clinical course and only 6.67% had complications. In the group of separated newborns, 40% had a favorable evolution and 30% had complications. Regarding the behavioral changes occured in the newborns, comparing the results of the two groups, it appears that the group of separated newborns showed the most behavioral changes. The most common were crying (66.7%), followed by decreased appetite (13.3%), sleep disorders (10%) and weight loss (6.67%). The most common behavioral changes seen in mothers were decreased / lost of milk, anxiety states and sleep disorders. Conclusions: Maternal-infant separation has not only a negative impact on the child, but also on the mother with both short- and long-term effect.
Anesthetic Management in Preeclampsia Patients with Thalassemia Minor B: A Case Report
Authors: Dyatmika Kadek Dwipa , Tjahya Aryasa  , Otniel Adrians Labobar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: One of the complications of anesthesia that can be encountered in thalassemia patients is cardiovascular instability caused by chronic anemia, cardiomyopathy, and endocrinopathy. In addition, patients with preeclampsia may also experience postoperative risks such as sustained hypertension, stroke, venous thromboembolism, and seizures. This case report will discuss the anesthetic management of pregnant women with preeclampsia and β thalassemia minor.

Case presentation: The patient is a pregnant woman G6P0141, 34 weeks gestation, with preeclampsia and a history of minor β thalassemia without therapy. Patients with thalassemia minor are often asymptomatic before pregnancy, but physiological changes during pregnancy can contribute to anemia during pregnancy. Beta thalassemia minor is also associated with an increased incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Neuraxial anesthesia is recommended in preeclamptic patients to avoid severe hypertension and has a protective effect against postoperative apnea in premature infants.

Conclusion: Anesthetic management in asymptomatic patients with minor thalassemia is not much different from normal pregnant women. The risk of bleeding needs special attention, especially in thalassemia patients who have anemia. In patients with preeclampsia, neuraxial anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia. Postoperative patient care is carried out in an obstetric high dependency unit (OHDU). The patient went home after being treated for 3 days without complications at the hospital.