bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KINERJA PEMBANTU BENDAHARA PENGELUARAN DALAM PROSES PENATAUSAHAAN KEUANGAN PADA SEKRETARIAT DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Nurhadiansyah Nurhadiansyah , Nelson Nelson
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja pembantu bendahara pengeluaran dalam hal permintaan dana sampai dengan pengarsipan Surat pertanggungjawaban (SPJ) di Sekretariat DPRD Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  penelitian deskritif kualitatif.  Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa lamanya penerbitan Surat Penyediaan Dana oleh Pejabat Pengelolaan  Keuangan  Daerah yang bertindak sebagai Bendahara Umum Daerah (BUD) serta pertanggungjawaban dari masing- masing Pejabat Pelaksana Teknis Kegiatan (PPTK) tidak tepat pada waktu dikarenakan tidak lengkapnya dokumen kontrak, tidak adanya laporan nihil tahunan pajak dari pihak ketiga, tidak sesuainya jadwal kebutuhan anggaran yang telah di tetapkan pada Anggaran Kas. Pertanggungjawaban masing-masing PPTK tidak tepat waktu dikarenakan masih adanya kesalahan penulisan huruf pada nama pejabat, kesalahan penomoran dan kesalahan penulisan huruf terbilang nominal uang. Tidak adanya uraian rincian spesifikasi atau merk barang/jasa yang akan dibeli pada DPA-OPD disebabkan oleh pada saat pengentrian program/kegiatan belanja masing-masing PPTK pada  aplikasi  e-RDPA  sangatlah  mendesak,  sedangkan  banyaknya  belanja  kegiatan yang diusulkan maka PPTK seningkali lalai dalam penginputan spesifikasi, merk, volume dan satuan barang/jasa.
Extracts from the Annual Report 1982-83, Employment and Immigration Canada
Authors: Employment and Immigration Canada .
Published: June 2020

Extracts from the Annual Report 1982-83, Employment and Immigration Canada.
Refugee Resettlement: A New Policy
Authors: Refuge Editor .
Published: June 2020

Review of the Ontario Consultation Conference on Refugee Resettlement, Toronto, November 2nd, 1984.
News Digest
Authors: Refuge Editor .
Published: June 2020

News digest.
Soviet Refugee Monitor
Authors: Centre for Refugee Studies .
Published: June 2020

A new CRS publication.
East European Refugee Symposium
Authors: Centre for Refugee Studies .
Published: June 2020

On March 29, 1990, the Centre for Refugee Studies organized a symposium at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, to discuss the Canadian policy towards Eastern Europeans seeking to come to Canada as refugees under the current rapidly-changing circumstances. Participants were invited to express their own opinions based on their knowledge and not to represent any organizational views. Further, it was agreed that there would be no attribution of comments. Nor would the meeting be reported, though the results could be. In any case, there was no commitment by anyone to endorse the results. The intention was to encourage a free exchange of information and ideas without inhibition.
Canadian Council for Refugees Resolutions November, 1990
Authors: Canadian Council for Refugees .
Published: June 2020

Canadian Council for Refugees Resolutions November, 1990 (edited).
Minister of Immigration on Bill C-86
Authors: Valcourt Bernard
Published: June 2020

Extracts from an Address by the Honourable Bernard Valcourt, Minister of Employment and Immigration in the House of Commons during the Second Reading of Bill C-86 on June 19, 1992.
Asylum Seekers and the Refugee Determination Procedure
Authors: Refugee Council of Australia .
Published: June 2020

Extracts from a Position Paper by the Refugee Council of Australia.
Workshop onReview of Rejected Refugee Claims
Authors: Refugee Law Research Unit Centre for Refugee Studies
Published: June 2020

On September 18 ,1992 the Refugee Law Research Unit of the Centre for Refugee Studies (CRS), Amnesty International and Vigil sponsored a workshop to review the process for the Review of Rejected Refugee Claims. The following is an account of the discussion at this workshop and reflects the efforts of concerned parties to understand the history and current state of affairs in the review of rejected refugee claims.
Extract from New Immigration Regulations, re Bill C-86Immigration Regulations, 1978 -Amendmentsin Consequence of Bill C-86: Phase 1
Authors: Government of Canada .
Published: June 2020

The following extract is from the Canada Gazette, Part 1 (Extra No. 4, Vol. 126), December 23,1992.
In Memoriam: Andrew Forbes
Authors: Editors Refuge
Published: June 2020

In Memoriam: Andrew Forbes
Phlogacanthus geoffrayi Benoist (Acanthaceae): A New Record to the Flora of Vietnam
Authors: Hai Do Van , Hoan Duong Thi , Choudhary Ritesh Kumar
Published: June 2020

Phlogacanthus geoffrayi is reported here as a newly recorded species from Vietnam. This species is morphologically allied to Phlogacanthus turgidus but differs in having a significantly bigger calyx and staminodes. The specimens were collected from Song Cau district of Phu Yen province. Description, line-drawing, photographs, and notes on ecology and distribution are provided.
Multidrug resistance gene expression response to cisplatin and 5FU treatment in hepatoma, prostate and colon cancer cells
Authors: YILDIRIM Hatice , AYDEMİR Ayşe Tuğşen
Published: June 2020

Variable expression of drug transporters at the plasma membrane of tumor cells contributed to drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression levels of MRP2 and MRP3genes in Cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil (5FU) treated Hep3B, PC3 and HT29 cell lines. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and 5FU. The results from the MTT assay revealed that PC3 cell line is the most sensitive for cisplatin treatment presenting the lowest IC50 value (0.5 µg/ml) for 48h. 5FU treatment altered the proliferation of PC3 cells with the IC50 values 6.0 µg/ml for 48 h and 8.2 µg/ml for 72h. The mRNA expression levels of MRP2 and MRP3 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. qRT-PCR results revealed that while the expression levels of MRP3 mRNA was generally down regulated in all cell lines treated with cisplatin and 5FU, MRP2 was upregulated in PC3 and Hep3B cells.
Detección de fraude financiero mediante redes neuronales de clasificación en un caso real español
Authors: Badal-Valero Elena , García-Cárceles Belén
Published: June 2020

Este análisis supone una primera aproximación a la implementación de modelos de redes neuronales al trabajo pericial para la detección de operaciones de fraude. Los datos analizados provienen de un caso real de blanqueo de capitales en el que se está colaborando con la Policía Nacional Española. En ellos se cuenta con información de operaciones contables individuales entre las que se cuenta con una proporción de operaciones bien  identificadas  como fraudulentas con la que es posible entrenar un modelo de clasificación. En este trabajo, tras describir brevemente la metodología utilizada y la estrategia de ajuste se obtiene un modelo con una capacidad predictiva reseñable, incluso con datos de entrenamiento fuertemente desequilibrados. Además, al aplicar técnicas de balanceado de los datos de entrenamiento (SMOTE) se obtiene un resultado que indicaría la viabilidad de este tipo de modelos como herramienta en la planificación y priorización de las tareas de investigación policial, ya que uno de los principales problemas de los investigadores expertos en estos delitos financieros es la incapacidad para traducir la gran cantidad de información que se deriva de las empresas implicadas en patrones de compra de los individuos claramente fraudulentos.
Biostratigraphy of theMassospondylusAssemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Viglietti P.A. , McPhee B.W. , Bordy E.M. , Sciscio L. , Barrett P.M. , Benson R.B.J. , Wills S. , Chapelle K.E.J. , Dollman K.N. , Mdekazi C. , Choiniere J.N.
Published: June 2020

The Massospondylus Assemblage Zone is the youngest tetrapod biozone in the Karoo Basin (upper Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup) and records one of the oldest dinosaur dominated ecosystems in southern Gondwana. Recent qualitative and quantitative investigations into the biostratigraphy of the lower and upper Elliot formations (lEF, uEF) and Clarens Formation in the main Karoo Basin resulted in the ﬁrst biostratigraphic review of this stratigraphic interval in nearly four decades, allowing us to introduce a new biostratigraphic scheme, the Massospondylus Assemblage Zone (MAZ). The MAZ expands upon the Massospondylus Range Zone by including the crocodylomorph Protosuchus haughtoni and the ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus as two co-occurring index taxa alongside the main index taxon, the sauropodomorph Massospondylus carinatus. With a maximum thickness of ~320 m in the southeastern portion of the basin, our new biozone is contained within the uEF and Clarens formations (upper Stormberg Group), however, based on vertebrate ichnofossils evidence, it may potentially extend into the sedimentary units of the lowermost Drakensberg Group. We do not propose any further subdivisions, and do not consider the Tritylodon Acme Zone (TAZ) as a temporal biostratigraphic marker within the MAZ. The MAZ is currently accepted to range in age between the Hettangian and Pliensbachian, however a faunal turnover, which observes an increase in the diversity of dinosaur clades, crocodylomorph, and mammaliaform taxa in the lower uEF, could reﬂect effects of the end-Triassic extinction event (ETE).
Christmas tales of H. C. Andersen “The Fir Tree” and A. I. Kuprin “The Life” in historical-literary dialogue
Authors: Zhirkova Marina Anatol'evna
Published: June 2020

This article presents a comparative analysis of the tales of H. C. Andersen “The Fir-Tree” and A. I. Kuprin “The Life. Both tales are based on the theme of Christmas, which celebration becomes the culmination in life of a fir tree; as well as have common elements – description of the life of trees in the forest, gathering of people, Christmas festivities. Tale by the Danish writer moves towards death, demise of the tree that can be considered as punishment for indifference and ambitiousness, inability to find joy in what is given by life. Kuprin’s story contradicts Andersen’s tradition, demonstrating a markedly different writer’s position – affirmation of life in contrast to death. Attention is focused on not only the plot, but also genre peculiarities of each composition. Tales are allegorical, they can be called the philosophical tales-parables, urging the reader to reasoning on their own life. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the text of A. I. Kuprin’s tale is being analyzed for the first time. It is viewed in related to the tradition set by Andersen’s tales, as a Christmas text. The article also determine the role of the late among the works of the writer.
Historiosophical views of F. M. Dostoevsky and democratic concept of schism of A. P. Shchapov
Authors: Snigireva Svetlana Dmitrievna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the concept of schism of A. P. Shchapov, as well historiosophical constructs of F. M. Dostoevsky that revolve around comprehension of the problem of schism and its role in the historical process. The goal of this article lies in determination of the impact of democratic concept of schism presented in the works of A. P. Shchapov “Russian Schism of Old Believers”, “The Land and the Schism”, “Land and Schism. The Runners” upon the formation of historiosophical views of Dostoyevsky and peculiarities of his understanding of the phenomenon of schism. The use of systemic approach allows examining the phenomenon of schism as a central element of historiosophy of Dostoevsky in relation to socioeconomic concept of Shchapov, which laid the foundation for the populist trend in historiography of the schism and associated with the history of development of democratic thought in Russia. The scientific novelty is defined by comprehensive approach towards description of the topic of schism as a core element of Dostoevsky’s historiosophy that considers its dependence on the historical and sociopolitical factors. It is underlined that writer’s perception of schism as a protest movement and people’s discontent as a driving force of the history was formed under the influence of Shchapov’s concept on the political nature of schism, which sparked public outcry. Leaning on the democratic concept of history and overcoming the limitation of building a liberal camp, Dostoevsky creates an original model of Russia’s development based on reunification of high society with the people. In the center of this concept is the understanding of schism as a progressive phenomenon that reflects the awakening of public consciousness and cognitive activity, which retained communal structure that according to Dostoevsky is capable of becoming a foundation for a new form of public order.
Turystyfikacja zasobów mieszkaniowych historycznych dzielnic śródmiejskich. Przykład Krakowa
Authors: Kowalczyk-Anioł Joanna
Published: June 2020

Previously a domain of tourism studies, ‘tourismification’ (or ‘touristification’) has now becomepresent in urban studies. Although diverse empirical descriptions of the phenomenon and processes oftourismification are still dominant, the article presents the stages of the development of the studies in thisarea. The contemporary debate focuses on the consequences and externalities of the development of tourism in cities (new both in terms of the forms and the range). Special attention is given to tourismification of housing resources, which – as demonstrated on the example of Krakow’s city centre district – transforms them both visibly and invisibly. The spatial range of these changes is growing not only horizontally, but also vertically. These changes occur in accordance with various sequences and mechanisms. In spite of the context dependence of tourismification and different susceptibility of urban environments to it, for many, especially historic, cities it has become ‘the sign of the times’ in the second decade of the 21st century. At the same time, tourismification can be seen as a cause, tool or consequence of various interrelated processes observed in contemporary cities.
Puste przestrzenie w funkcjonowaniu miast
Authors: Majorek Agnieszka Bernadeta
Published: June 2020

The article presents different approaches to identifying the concept of empty spaces. The difficulty in defining them lies in the fact that one should look for “nothingness”. But what does it mean that a space is empty? Are there such spaces in cities? If so, what role do they play? The aim of the article is to define and indicate the characteristics of a special type of space, the so-called empty space. The results of the research concerning determination of the empty spaces in the City of Świętochłowice were presented, during which observations and unstructured interviews were used. In addition, the city spatial planning documents and its investments plans were analysed in order to define the functions that these spaces perform in the city.
A QUESTÃO DO GÊNERO NA LINGUAGEM DO DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Authors: Diniz Ana Raquel de Sousa Pourbaix
Published: June 2020

A interligação entre gênero e Literatura são recorrentes ao longo da história e colocam no centro da discussão as sutilezas, os explícitos e implícitos na linguagem dos discursos construídos. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo central desenhar uma breve análise discursiva do dizer literário e sua intercessão com a interface da construção do conceito de gênero e suas implicações sociais.   Assim,  objetivamos investigar  o capítulo “A triste história de Eredegalda”, extaído da obra literária infantojuvenil “Enquanto o sono não vem”, de José Mauro Brant. Por meio das concepções da Análise do Discurso, buscaremos nuances e evidencias verbais que relevam um possível sinal de abuso e violência em relação à infância feminina. Por fim, analisaremos os marcadores discursivos que subjaz o nosso recorte, tomando como referência os aspectos ideológicos do ato comunicativo e a proposta de respeito à diversidade de gênero. Nossa hipótese é a de que a literatura é um dos vetores de polarização do conceito de gênero no construto social.
NARRATIVAS DE CRIANÇAS SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNEROS NO CURRÍCULO
Authors: Jamerson da Silva Brito John , Moura Jónata Ferreira de
Published: June 2020

O  presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como as crianças percebem as relações de gêneros no currículo. Utiliza-se da metodologia de rodas de conversas, por meio de narrativas orais de crianças com idade entre 9 e 11 anos que estudam no 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal de Imperatriz/MA, e a análise se deu a partir da perspectiva Queer. Pelas narrativas das crianças percebe-se  a precariedade do currículo no que tange as questões relativas aos gêneros, a escola torna-se, junto com o currículo, um espaço de reprodução das normativas sociais estabelecidas, sendo necessário uma desconstrução desse currículo.
O ENSINO DA LINGUAGEM AUDIOVISUAL E IMAGENS-SINTOMAS
Authors: Medrado Arthur , Diniz Margareth
Published: June 2020

Nesse artigo abordaremos um processo de produção teórico/prático que pretendeu a elaboração de uma metodologia de intervenção, a Olhares (Im)possíveis, por meio de oficinas com a linguagem audiovisual. Estes escritos lançam um olhar sobre o trabalho desenvolvido com crianças de 10 e 11 anos, da escola Municipal Professor Adhalmir Santos Maia, na periferia de Ouro Preto durante os meses de maio e dezembro de 2017. Neste artigo iremos, em um primeiro momento, lançar os olhares para uma imagens-sintoma produzida durante uma das atividades. A partir de sua dimensão acidental,  inspirando-nos no paradigma indiciário de Carlo Guinzburg (1989), encontraremos nas perspectiva do detalhe apresentada por Rancière (2009), uma possibilidade de análise. Em seguida, iremos nos atentar a perceber como essa imagem parece funcionar como uma imagem-intolerável (Rancière, 2012). Por último, a partir da noção de violência (Soares, 2011 e Clastres, 2004) iremos entender que o trabalho com essas imagens-intoleráveis (a elaboração de seus testemunhos) permitiu aos sujeitos a criação de pequenos espaços de fuga as realidades as quais estão inseridos/as.
RESSIGNIFICAÇÕES DO PROFESSOR DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO AGIR DIDÁTICO COM GÊNEROS
Authors: Capitó Alana , Ferreira Camila , Lima Gustavo
Published: June 2020

Os impactos dos estudos sobre gênero nas práticas escolares e no processo de elaboração de documentos oficiais de ensino e de materiais didáticos são evidentes. Desde a publicação dos PCN, no final do século passado, tem crescido significativamente o número de propostas curriculares que atribuem ao gênero um lugar de destaque no ensino de língua materna. Nesse sentido, o ensino na perspectiva dos gêneros parece mesmo um fenômeno irreversível. Em meio a isso, professores têm se inquietado em relação ao que e como devem ensinar gêneros. Assim, este artigo busca investigar como o professor de língua portuguesa tem ressignificado esse ensino. O nosso aporte teórico é constituído por alguns estudos no âmbito da didática das línguas, como os de Schneuwly e Dolz (2004) e Lima (2016), numa interface com a clínica da atividade (AMIGUES, 2004; CLOT,2007), com vistas a compreender melhor a natureza do trabalho com gêneros na sala de aula sob a perspectiva docente. Os dados foram obtidos através da colaboração de duas professoras por meio de entrevista e verbalizações em sessões de autoconfrontação simples. Os resultados apontam para algumas categorias de ressignificação do agir didático com gêneros nas práticas de ambas as professoras.
JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS: ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E ESTUDO DE CASOS PARADIGMÁTICOS
Authors: Freiria Rafael Costa
Published: June 2020

O direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado é um direito humano de terceira dimensão, protegido por diversas normas nacionais e internacionais e reafirmado pelo Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988. Como direito humano fundamental o direito ambiental possui seus princípios próprios e é guiado, dentre outros, pela busca do desenvolvimento sustentável. No sentido de operacionalizar o desenvolvimento sustentável, a comunidade internacional assumiu 17 (dezessete) objetivos para o desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), com 169 metas para o ano de 2030. A lógica particular dos direitos ao meio ambiente equilibrado, de natureza difusa e interdisciplinar, traz um importante papel às políticas públicas ambientais (PPA). Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho, por meio de metodologias de levantamento e análise documental e bibliográfica, permeada com estudo de casos, consiste em analisar o processo de judicialização das políticas públicas ambientais, em diferentes perspectivas, cotejando com a análise crítica do ativismo judicial no que se refere aos atingimentos aos objetivos das PPAs.
SOBRE OS DILEMAS DO DIREITO AUTORAL NA PERSPECTIVA URBANA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Martinez Tiago , Da Silva Flores Nilton Cesar , Sampaio Reili De Oliveira
Published: June 2020

O direito autoral e o direito à propriedade são direitos individuais fundamentais de equivalente estatura no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Em razão disso, quando tais direitos entram em conflito, surgem dilemas e a necessidade de se buscar as soluções mais adequadas à sociedade. Nesse sentido, as questões que a pesquisa procura apresentar se desenvolvem diante da perspectiva urbana contemporânea e dizem respeito aos limites do direito do autor de obra de arte frente ao proprietário do suporte, espaço onde consta o fruto da atividade criativa. O leitor poderá notar que a lei autoral e a lei civil brasileira não dispõem de respostas diretas para as questões suscitadas. Assim, para compreender os dilemas e os conflitos que envolvem o tema, realizou-se uma análise da proteção constitucional conferida ao direito autoral, da legislação infraconstitucional, do direito de propriedade sobre o suporte, e de situações, casos concretos e tendências de julgamento nos tribunais. Ressalta-se que este estudo se baseou, sobretudo, em pesquisa bibliográfica e focou-se nos aspectos civilísticos do recorte apresentado.
LA NECESIDAD DE TRANSVERSALIZAR LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA HACER FRENTE A LAS CRISIS: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Fernández Rosa Ana Alija
Published: June 2020

La transversalidad de los derechos humanos en las políticas públicas implica, en su dimensión funcional, colocar a la persona en el centro de la acción política para garantizar el disfrute universal de todos los derechos humanos. Se trata de una estrategia que parece ofrecer ventajas a la hora de hacer frente a situaciones de crisis de distinta naturaleza, pues no solo aminora su impacto negativo, sino que también facilita su superación, e incluso las previene.
EL DERECHO AL DESARROLLO Y LOS DERECHOS DE LA NATURALEZA
Authors: Anaya José Adriano , Altamirano Yolanda Castañeda , Rincón Adrián Reyes
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo ha tenido un efecto devastador para la naturaleza, a punto tal que especialistas y organismos internacionales de la ONU propusieron la idea de un modelo de desarrollo sustentable.  A la par de ello, otras voces preocupadas en la defensa de la naturaleza consideraron que la mejor manera de proteger a la naturaleza es otorgándole derechos como sujeto, y transitar de un modelo de desarrollo antropocéntrico a uno con una visión ecocéntrica. Desde esta perspectiva, en este trabajo se aborda la génesis del derecho al desarrollo y su transformación como derecho humano. De igual manera, se incorporan los derechos colectivos en el derecho al desarrollo, los cuales se han constituido en un elemento importante para los movimientos sociales en defensa del territorio y la naturaleza en América Latina. Finalmente, se apuesta a los derechos de la naturaleza como una alternativa al desarrollo, en donde se recupere la armonía con la tierra y se haga efectiva la exigibilidad del cumplimiento de ese derecho.
LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN EN COLOMBIA: PARÁMETROS CONSTITUCIONALES Y REGLAS JURISPRUDENCIALES
Authors: Cubides-Cárdenas Jaime , Navas-Camargo Fernanda , Navas-Camargo Fernanda , Ortiz-Torres Diana , Ortiz-Torres Diana , Rico Antonio Fajardo , Rico Antonio Fajardo
Published: June 2020

El derecho a la Libertad de Expresión es uno de los Derechos que más protegen las sociedades que encumbran el principio democrático. Este Derecho Humano ha sido objeto de muchos estudios e investigaciones. Desde una metodología analítica descriptiva con un enfoque interpretativo, se busca revisar el alcance que ha tenido en Colombia el Derecho a la Libertad de Expresión. El presente texto se desarrolla en torno a tres ejes temáticos, el primero, la inclusión de la Libertad de Expresión en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano desde la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 hasta todos los desarrollos legislativos del 2019. El segundo eje, busca revisar dentro de la jurisprudencia constitucional colombiana como se han reconocido otras acepciones relativas al derecho de la Libre Expresión y su protección en diferentes escenarios constitucionales. Por último, se determinan las reglas jurisprudenciales de la Corte Constitucional colombiana en armonización normativa con el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. En conclusión, se afirma como la evolución del derecho a la Libertad de Expresión en Colombia, se ha presentado desde su desarrollo normativo, en los diferentes escenarios constitucionales y en las reglas jurisprudenciales que han interpretado el alcance, objeto y ámbito de protección en Colombia.Palabras clave: Libertad de Expresión, derechos, normas, sentencias, escenarios constitucionales, reglas jurisprudenciales, Corte Constitucional y Colombia.
Cocrystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Devogelaer Jan-Joris , Meekes Hugo , Tinnemans Paul , Vlieg Elias , de Gelder Rene
Published: June 2020

A significant amount of attention has been given to the design and synthesis of cocrystals by both industry and academia because of its potential to change a molecule’s physicochemical properties. This paper reports on the application of a data-driven cocrystal prediction method, based on two types of artificial neural network models and cocrystal data present in the Cambridge Structural Database. The models accept pairs of coformers and predict whether a cocrystal is likely to form.
Zwitterionic AIEgens: Rational Molecular Design for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Synergistic Phototherapy
Authors: zhu wei , Kang Miaomiao , wu qian , Zhang Zhijun , wu yi , Li Chunbin , LI Kai , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2020

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II) can penetrate tissue at centimeter depths and obtain high fidelity of images. However, facile synthesis of small-molecule fluorescent photosensitizers for efficient NIR-II fluorescence imaging as well as photodynamic and photothermal combinatorial therapies (PDT-PTT) is still a challenging task. Herein, we reported a rational design and facile synthesis protocol for a series of novel NIR-emissive zwitterionic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features for cancer phototheranostics.
Under Pressure: Mechanochemical Effects on Structure and Ion Conduction in the Sodium-Ion Solid Electrolyte Na3PS4
Authors: Famprikis Theodosios , Kudu O. Ulas , Dawson James , Canepa Pieremanuele , Fauth François , Suard Emmanuelle , Zbiri Mohamed , Dambournet Damien , Borkiewicz Olaf , Bouyanfif Houssny , Emge Steffen , Grey Clare P. , Cretu Sorina , Chotard Jean-Nöel , Zeier Wolfgang , Islam Saiful , Masquelier Christian
Published: June 2020

Fast-ion conductors are critical to the development of solid-state batteries. The effects of mechanochemical synthesis that lead to increased ionic conductivity in an archetypical sodium-ion conductor Na3PS4 are not fully understood. We present here a comprehensive analysis based on diffraction (Bragg, pair distribution function), spectroscopy (impedance, Raman, NMR, INS) and ab-initio simulations aimed at elucidating the synthesis-property relationships in Na3PS4. We consolidate previously reported interpretations about the local structure of ball-milled samples, underlining the sodium disorder and showing that a local tetragonal framework more accurately describes the structure than the originally proposed cubic one. Through variable-pressure impedance spectroscopy measurements, we report for the first time the activation volume for Na+ migration in Na3PS4, which is ~30% higher for the ball-milled samples. Moreover, we show that the effect of ball-milling on increasing the ionic conductivity of Na3PS4 to ~10-4 S/cm can be reproduced by applying external pressure on a sample from conventional high temperature ceramic synthesis. We conclude that the key effects of mechanochemical synthesis on the properties of solid electrolytes can be analyzed and understood in terms of pressure, strain and activation volume.
Modified Cyclodextrins Solubilize Elemental Sulfur in Water and Enable Biological Sulfane Sulfur Delivery
Authors: Bolton Sarah , Pluth Michael
Published: June 2020

An important form of biological sulfur is sulfane sulfur, or S0, which is found in polysulfide and persulfide compounds as well as in elemental sulfur. Sulfane sulfur, often in the form of S8, functions as a key energy source in the metabolic processes of thermophilic Archaean organisms found in sulfur-rich environments and can be metabolized both aerobically and anaerobically by different archaeons. Despite this importance, S8 has a low solubility in water (~19 nM), raising questions of how it can be solubilized and made chemically accessible in complex environments. Motivated by prior crystallographic data showing S8 binding to hydrophobic motifs in filamentous glycoproteins from the sulfur reducing Staphylothermus marinus anaerobe, we demonstrate that simple hydrophobic motifs, such as 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (2HPβ), are sufficient solubilize S8 at concentrations up to 2.0 ± 0.2 mM in aqueous solution. We demonstrate that the solubilized S8 is chemically accessible, can be reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), and reacts with thiols to generate H2S. The thiol-mediated conversion of 2HPβ/S8 to H2S ranges from 80% to quantitative efficiency for Cys and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, we demonstrate that 2HPβ can catalyze the reaction of Cys-mediated reduction of S8 to H2S in water. Adding to the biological relevance of the developed systems, we demonstrate that treatment of Raw 264.7 macrophage cells with the 2HPβ/S8 complex prior to LPS stimulation reduces NO2– levels, which is consistent with known activities of bioavailable H2S and sulfane sulfur. Taken together, these investigations provide a new strategy for delivering H2S and sulfane sulfur in complex systems and more importantly provide new insights into the chemical accessibility and storage of S0 and S8 in biological environments.
Material Property Targets for Emerging Nanomaterials to Enable Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Water Treatment Systems
Authors: Eugene Elvis , Phillip William , Dowling Alexander
Published: June 2020

The scarcity of potable water is an imminent threat to at least half the world's population. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have the potential to treat water from polluted sources to mitigate the scarcity of potable water. However, the performance demands on these materials in practical applications has not been studied in detail. This is but one of the challenges that hinder the widespread implementation of ENMs for water treatment. The emerging fit-for-purpose paradigm which encourages water treatment at the point-of-use (POU) or point-of-entry (POE) could lower the barrier for the use of ENMs in water technology by incorporating smaller, decentralized ENM-based treatment systems. This work develops a bottom-up and top-down modeling framework to facilitate the design of nanoporous membrane-based sorbents, a promising class of ENMs, for POU and POE water treatment applications. Langmuir isotherm and membrane structure-property calculations provide the multiscale link between molecular properties, including affinity, saturation capacity, and pore size, device design decisions, including membrane area and thickness, and system design decisions, including sorbent mass and number of parallel modules. The framework predicts that for lead contaminants, existing materials are near molecular and systems limitations; improvements in the properties of adsorptive materials to treat lead will yield few benefits for POU and POE treatment systems. Moreover, the framework provides dimensionless formulas that apply to all adsorptive systems that exhibit (near) equilibrium behavior as an easy-to-use tool for the broader membrane science and environmental engineering communities to assess the feasibility of emerging materials to meet process demands. A case study regarding materials for arsenic removal demonstrates how to apply the modeling framework to calculate material properties targets and predict system performance for an arbitrary single-solute adsorption process. Finally, these dimensionless models are used to identify three distinct regions of relative performance between batch and semi-continuous processes. These results give caution to applying scale-up heuristics outside their valid region, which can lead to under- or over-design during bottom-up studies. The presented modeling framework is a crucial step to fully optimize engineered nanomaterials across material, device, and system scales.
Layered Electrides as Fluoride Intercalation Anodes
Authors: Hartman Steven , Mishra Rohan
Published: June 2020

We have used first-principles density functional theory to study different classes of materials as intercalation electrodes for fluoride-ion batteries. Our results indicate that layered electrides such as Ca2N and Y2C are very promising anode materials.
A Stoichiometric and Pseudo Kinetic Model of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Thota Nikhil , Toley Bhushan
Published: June 2020

Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is one of the most popular isothermal DNA amplification techniques for research and commercial applications. The LAMP mechanism is powered by strategic primer design and a strand displacement polymerase, generating products that fold over, creating loops. LAMP leads to generation of products of increasing length over time. These products containing multiple loops are conventionally called cauliflower structures. Existing literature on LAMP provides extremely limited understanding of progression of cascades of reactions involved in the reaction and it is believed that cauliflower structures of increasing length constitute a majority of the product formed in LAMP. This study presents a first of its kind stoichiometric and pseudo kinetic model to comprehend LAMP reactions in deeper depth by (i) classifying LAMP reaction products into uniquely identifiable categories, (ii) generating a condensed reaction network to depict millions of interconnected reactions occurring during LAMP, and (iii) elucidating the pathways for amplicon generation. Despite the inherent limitations of conventional stoichiometric modelling for polymerization type reactions (the network rapidly becomes too large and intractable), our model provides new theoretical understanding of the LAMP reaction pathway. The model shows that while longer length products are formed, it is the smaller length recycle amplicons that contribute more towards the exponential increase in the amount of double stranded DNA. Prediction of concentration of different types of LAMP amplicons will also contribute substantially towards informing design of probe-based assays.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ AVUSTURYALILAR’IN NASYONAL SOSYALİZM KARŞITI ÖRGÜTLENMELERİ
Authors: CANŞEN Efkan
Published: June 2020

Hitler’in hedefi olan “Büyük Almanya” yaratma arzusu, 1938 yılında gözle görülür bir şekilde artmaya başlamıştı. Alman birlikleri 12 Mart 1938’de Avusturya halkının büyük bir çoğunluğunun desteği ile Avusturya’ya girdi ve Avusturya 13 Mart 1938’de ilhak edildi. Bu durum, çoğunluk tarafından olağan bir hareket olarak görüldüğünden büyük bir direnişle karşılanmadı. Uluslararası anlamda yapılan direnişlerde iyi örgütlenmiş olmadığından başarılı olamadılar. Bu dönemde Türkiye, Avusturya’lı nazi karşıtlarının bir araya gelmeyi başarabildikleri bir merkez konumundaydı. Avusturya Komunist Partisi, Türkiye’de örgütlenen direniş hareketinin ön safında yer almaktaydı. Bu makalenin amacı Avusturyalı entelektüellerin Nazi rejimine karşı Türkiye’deki örgütlenmelerini gözler önüne sermektedir.
METAFORA KONSEPTUAL DALAM JUDUL BERITA KONTAN.CO.ID: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK KOGNITIF
Authors: Haula Baiq
Published: June 2020

The study is titled “Conceptual Metaphor in Kontan.co.id News Titles: A Study of Cognitive Semantics”. The selection of news title diction is not only explicitly delivered, but also implicitly that is by using metaphors. This research is included in qualitative research that is descriptive. The source of metaphoric data comes from online news site Kontan.co.id. The methods used in data collection are in the name of the method of simak with the technique of note as the basic technique and method of data analysis using the method of clay with advanced techniques for direct elements (BUL). The results of the study showed three types of metaphors that were found, namely structural metaphors as much as two data, orientational metaphors as many as two data, and ontological metaphors as many as two data. Based on metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain of the dominant image scheme formed is identity.
TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF DALAM NOVEL MY STUPID BOSS 5 KARYA CHAOS@WORK
Authors: Kurniati Ai
Published: June 2020

The novel My Stupid Boss 5 by Chaos @ Work became the most awaited novel by fans after the release of the novel My Stupid Boss 1-4. The series of humorous stories in this novel are true stories from the author. This paper discusses the speech acts in the novel My Stupid Boss 5 because almost all the utterances in the story of this novel contain different expressions. Every expression that arises is the author's strategy to make the story have a sense of humour. The funny and adorable utterances of the characters in the story, pragmatically, can be examined in illocutionary acts, more specifically expressive speech acts. This study aims to describe expressive speech acts in the novel My Stupid Boss 5. The method used is descriptive-qualitative as a problem-solving procedure by describing expressive speech acts in the novel My Stupid Boss 5. My Stupid Boss 5 novel by Chaos @ Work has a tendency to have expressive illocutionary acts with five (5) indicators: (a) expressive speech acts criticizing, (b) expressive speech acts of complaining, (c) expressive speech acts of blaming, (d) expressive speech acts praising, and (e) expressive speech acts flattering.
Analisis Warna dan Bentuk terhadap Kemampuan Visual Anak Autis Pada Fasilitas Pendidikan
Authors: Aflah Saffanah Zhahirah , Anisa Anisa
Published: June 2020

Fasilitas pendidikan dapat berfungsi dengan sangat efektif apabila ruang dengan penggunanya dapat berinteraksi melalui pendekatan indera visual, yaitu dengan menciptakan ruang pada bangunan yang didukung oleh susunan elemen yang dapat memberikan pengalaman pada penggunanya, terutama pada anak autis. Anak dengan gangguan autis dapat dibedakan dalam 2 klasifikasi, yaitu anak dengan gangguan hipersensori dan hiposensori. Perbedaan keduanya tentu sangat signifikan dan memiliki daya tangkap yang berbeda terhadap warna yang bersifat menstimulus dan memengaruhi emosi. Anak dengan gangguan autis juga merupakan anak yang sangat sensitif dengan lingkungannya. Oleh karena itu penting memerhatikan bentuk pada elemen-elemen bangungan dan ruangan agar tetap ramah terhadap anak autis. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan teori Mukhtar dan didukung oleh teori yang relevan lainnya seperti teori oleh Magda Mostafa, Ching, Milne dan Coulter. Penelitian ini memfokuskan terhadap aplikasi elemen warna dan bentuk yang terdapat pada bangunan fasilitas pendidikan bagi anak-anak autis. Hal ini yang menjadi dasar analisis dengan mengacu kepada kebutuhan terhadap anak autis berdasarkan klasifikasinya. Dalam penelitian ini banyak ditemukan elemen warna dan bentuk yang bersifat netral. Bahkan program ruang yang tersedia juga belum memenuhi kebutuhan bagi anak-anak autis. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi warna dan bentuk sangat penting mengingat bahwa anak dengan gangguan autis memiliki masalah interaktinya masing-masing. Pesan yang tersampaikan terutama secara visual dapat berbeda-beda ketika diterima oleh masing-masing anak. Maka dari itu hal ini dapat dibantu dengan menciptakan kebutuhan ruang yang didukung dengan aplikasi elemen warna dan bentuk yang sesuai agar dapat membentuk suatu lingkungan belajar bagi anak autis. Dengan begitu ruang-ruang yang tercipta akan membentuk pengalaman tersendiri yang sesuai dengan bebutuhan bagi tiap anak.
Applying the four strands
Authors: Nation Paul , Yamamoto Azusa
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Research into practice: Vocabulary
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

Editorial noteThis new strand in the journal provides a space for contributors to present a personal stance either on future research needs or on the perceived current applications of research in the classroom. Like much of our current content, it echoes the historical uniqueness of this journal in terms of its rich and expert overview of recent research in the field of L2 teaching and learning. However, this new strand takes such research as its starting point and attempts to look forward, using these findings both to debate their application in the language learning classroom and also to suggest where research would be best directed in the future. Thus, the objective of both types of paper is eminently practical: contributors to the research agenda will present suggestions for what research might usefully be undertaken, given what is currently known or what is perceived to be necessary. In the research into practice papers there will be critical appraisal both of what research is, and is not, getting through to the language learning classroom, policy making, curriculum design, evaluation of teaching and/or assessment programmes, and practical suggestions made for improving such outcomes.This article is a personal view of the application of research on vocabulary to teaching and how there are three different types or categories of relationship between that research and the teaching to which it is applied: first, where the research is not applied or not applied well, second, where it is reasonably well applied, and third, where it is over-applied. For each of these three categories, I look at what I consider to be the most important areas of research and suggest why they fit into that category. The topics covered include planning vocabulary courses, distinguishing high frequency and low frequency words, extensive reading, the deliberate learning of vocabulary, academic vocabulary and vocabulary teaching.
A Bilingual Vocabulary Size Test of English for Vietnamese Learners
Authors: Nguyen T , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

This article describes the development and validation of a Vietnamese bilingual version of the Vocabulary Size Test - a test which measures written receptive vocabulary size. The test can be used to measure the English vocabulary size of Vietnamese learners of English. A learner's total vocabulary size is calculated by multiplying their test result by 100. The research adds to our knowledge of vocabulary size testing in the following ways. First, it shows that a bilingual version of a monolingual test performs in much the same way as the monolingual test, distinguishing learners of different proficiency levels and returning lower scores at later levels of the test. Second, it shows that every level of the test should be sat, otherwise there will be a considerable underestimation of learners' vocabulary sizes. This suggests limitations to the previously accepted assumption that learners' vocabulary growth can be largely related to word frequency. Third, it shows that bilingual tests are feasible alternatives to more challenging and time-consuming monolingual tests. © The Author(s) 2011.
The effect of a speed reading course
Authors: Chung T , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening?
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

This article has two goals: to report on the trialling of fourteen 1,000 word-family lists made from the British National Corpus, and to use these lists to see what vocabulary size is needed for unassisted comprehension of written and spoken English. The trialling showed that the lists were properly sequenced and there were no glaring omissions from the lists. If 98% coverage of a text is needed for unassisted comprehension, then a 8,000 to 9,000 word-family vocabulary is needed for comprehension of written text and a vocabulary of 6,000 to 7,000 for spoken text. © 2006 The Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes.
How many idioms are there in English?
Authors: Grant L , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Ten best ideas for teaching vocabulary
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Word meaning in academic English: homography in the Academic Word List
Authors: Ming-Tzu K. W. , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

The Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000) consists of 570 word families that are frequent and wide ranging in academic texts. It was created by counting the frequency, range, and evenness of spread of word forms in a specially constructed academic corpus. This study examines the words in the Academic Word List (AWL) to see if the existence of unrelated meanings for the same word form (homographs) has resulted in the inclusion of words in the list which would not be there if their clearly different meanings were distinguished. The study shows that only a small proportion of the word families contain homographs, and in almost all cases, one of the members of a pair or group of homographs is much more frequent and widely used than the others. Only three word families (intelligence, offset, and panel) drop out of the list because none of their homographs separately meet the criteria for inclusion in the list. A list of homographs in the AWL is provided, with frequencies for those where each of the members of a homograph pair are reasonably frequent.
Word meaning in academic English: homography in the Academic Word List
Authors: Nation Paul , Wang K
Published: June 2020

The Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000) consists of 570 word families that are frequent and wide ranging in academic texts. It was created by counting the frequency, range, and evenness of spread of word forms in a specially constructed academic corpus. This study examines the words in the Academic Word List (AWL) to see if the existence of unrelated meanings for the same word form (homographs) has resulted in the inclusion of words in the list which would not be there if their clearly different meanings were distinguished. The study shows that only a small proportion of the word families contain homographs, and in almost all cases, one of the members of a pair or group of homographs is much more frequent and widely used than the others. Only three word families (intelligence, offset, and panel) drop out of the list because none of their homographs separately meet the criteria for inclusion in the list. A list of homographs in the AWL is provided, with frequencies for those where each of the members of a homograph pair are reasonably frequent.