bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Development Progress and Test Evaluation of Post-Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Jing , Lai Junsen , Dong Mingfu , Zhu Zhenzhong , Ma Ryan , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, traditional cryptographic systems are facing unprecedented challenges. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), as a new cryptographic technology that can resist attacks from quantum computers, has received widespread attention in recent years. This paper first analyzes the threat of quantum computing to existing cryptographic systems, then introduces in detail the main technical routes of PQC and its standardization process. Then, a testing and evaluation system for PQC is proposed and relevant tests are carried out. Finally, suggestions for future development are put forward.
MSFF: A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Gong Gu , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhang Jiahua , Shang Xiaodi , Pan Zhicheng , Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Junshi
Published: February 2025

In contrast to conventional remote sensing images, hyperspectral remote sensing images are characterized by a greater number of spectral bands and exceptionally high resolution. The richness of both spectral and spatial information facilitates the precise classification of various objects within the images, establishing hyperspectral imaging as indispensable for remote sensing applications. However, the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of labeling hyperspectral images results in limited labeled samples, while challenges like spectral similarity between different objects and spectral variation within the same object further complicate the development of classification algorithms. Therefore, efficiently exploiting the spatial and spectral information in hyperspectral images is crucial for accomplishing the classification task. To address these challenges, this paper presents a multi-scale feature fusion convolutional neural network (MSFF). The network introduces a dual branch spectral and spatial feature extraction module utilizing 3D depthwise separable convolution for joint spectral and spatial feature extraction, further refined by an attention-based-on-central-pixels (ACP) mechanism. Additionally, a spectral–spatial joint attention module (SSJA) is designed to interactively explore latent dependency between spectral and spatial information through the use of multilayer perceptron and global pooling operations. Finally, a feature fusion module (FF) and an adaptive multi-scale feature extraction module (AMSFE) are incorporated to enable adaptive feature fusion and comprehensive mining of feature information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs exceptionally well on the IP, PU, and YRE datasets, delivering superior classification results compared to other methods and underscoring the potential and advantages of MSFF in hyperspectral remote sensing classification.
The Safety Engineering of Sodium-Ion Batteries Used as an Energy Storage System for the Military
Authors: Iwan Agnieszka , Bogdanowicz Krzysztof A. , Pich Robert , Gonciarz Agnieszka , Miedziak Jacek , Plebankiewicz Ireneusz , Przybyl Wojciech
Published: February 2025

The main idea of this work is based on the latest achievements in the commercialization of sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, which constitute a basis of analysis for military applications as energy storage systems. Technical, engineering, and ecological aspects were analyzed to find the optimal solution for using Na-ion batteries for military purposes. When selecting batteries for military applications, the following criteria are required: (a) they are more durable than standard batteries, (b) resistant to fire, (c) cannot explode, (d) cannot emit heat so as not to reveal their position, (e) equipped with safety elements and protective circuits to ensure safety, and (f) have the highest possible energy density, defined as the ratio of capacity to weight. The advantages and challenges of Na-ion batteries are discussed and compared to typical lithium-ion batteries, and also lithium iron phosphate, Ni-Cd, and Ni-MH batteries. The prospects for expanding the practical applications of Na-ion batteries in the military are presented. The unique properties of Na-ion batteries, such as their lower risk of ignition, more excellent thermal stability, and ability to work in extreme conditions, are essential from the point of view of military operations. Additionally, when considering environmental and logistical aspects, sodium-ion batteries may offer more sustainable and cost-effective solutions for the military. Therefore, this work aims not only to present the technological potential of these systems but also to draw attention to their strategic importance for the future of military operations. Battery discharge can result from leaving current receivers switched on or even from a drop in temperature. The discharge current should not exceed 1/10 of the battery capacity (1C). Discharging below the discharge voltage may result in irreversible damage. Sodium-ion batteries are safer to use than their lithium counterparts and allow for discharge to 0 V, eliminating the possibility of uncontrolled thermal discharge due to a short circuit (explosion, ignition), which is particularly important in the military.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Mycelium-Based Thermal Insulation in Reducing Domestic Cooling Footprint: A Simulation-Based Study
Authors: Al-Qahtani Shouq , Koç Muammer , Isaifan Rima J.
Published: February 2025

Domestic cooling requirements in arid and hot climate regions present a substantial challenge in minimizing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions, largely due to the extensive dependence on electricity-intensive air conditioning systems. The limitations and inefficiencies of traditional construction and insulation materials, coupled with their improper application, further intensify the challenges posed by extreme climatic conditions. Considering these challenges, this study thoroughly assesses a novel and unconventional solution recently introduced for improving insulation: mycelium-based thermal insulation. Mycelium is the growth form of filamentous fungi, capable of binding organic matter through a network of hyphal microfilaments. This research utilizes DesignBuilder v7.3.1.003 simulation software to assess the thermal performance of residential buildings that incorporate mycelium as an insulator. The aim is to compare its efficacy with commonly used traditional insulators in Qatar and to investigate the potential of mycelium as an eco-friendly solution for minimizing thermal energy consumption, enhancing thermal comfort, decreasing carbon emissions, and achieving annual thermal energy savings. This study examines various insulation materials and accentuates the unique advantages offered by mycelium-based composites. Simulation results indicate that the placement of mycelium on both the inner and outer surfaces results in significant annual energy savings of 8.11 TWh, accompanied by a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions.
Optimizing IoT Energy Efficiency: Real-Time Adaptive Algorithms for Smart Meters with LoRaWAN and NB-IoT
Authors: Al-Sammak Kanar Alaa , Al-Gburi Sama Hussein , Marghescu Ion , Drăgulinescu Ana-Maria Claudia , Marghescu Cristina , Martian Alexandru , Al-Sammak Nawar Alaa Hussein , Suciu George , Alheeti Khattab M. Ali
Published: February 2025

Real-time monitoring, data-driven decisions, and energy consumption optimization have reached a new level with IoT advancement. However, a significant challenge faced by intelligent nodes and IoT applications resides in their energy requirements in the long term, especially in the case of gas or water smart meters. This article proposes an algorithm for smart meters’ energy consumption optimization based on IoT, LoRaWAN, and NB-IoT using microcontroller-based development boards, PZEM004T energy meters, Dragino LoRaWAN shield, or BG96 NB-IoT modules. The algorithm adjusts the transmission time based on the change in data in real-time. According to the experimental results, the energy consumption and the number of packets transmitted significantly decreased using LoRaWAN or NB-IoT, saving up to 76.11% and 86.81% of the transmitted packets, respectively. Additionally, the outcome highlights a notable percentage reduction in the energy consumption spike frequency, with NB-IoT achieving an 87.3% reduction and LoRaWAN slightly higher at 88.5%. This study shows that adaptive algorithms are very effective in extending the lifetime of IoT nodes, thereby providing a solid baseline for scalable, lightweight, energy-monitoring IoT applications. The results could help shape the development of smart energy metering systems and sustainable IoT.
Portable Smoking Ovens: What Are the PAH Levels in Grilled and Smoked Rainbow Trout?
Authors: Uiuiu Paul , Cocan Daniel , Lațiu Călin , Constantinescu Radu , Mireșan Vioara , Papuc Tudor , Savin Raul-Lucian , Ihuț Andrada , Răducu Camelia , Becze Anca , Craioveanu Cristina , Vlaic Bogdan Alin
Published: February 2025

Fish smoking is one of the oldest preservation methods and has traditional forms in most parts of the world, each with distinct variables. The presence of PAHs in smoked fish is of great concern for producers and consumers alike, as PAHs have great negative effects on human health. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content level in smoked rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) processed using a commercial portable grilling and smoking oven. Sawdust of hardwood (beech, cherry, sour cherry, walnut, and plum) and softwood (fir, willow) were used to produce aromatic essences. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that different tree species tend to accumulate different PAHs in different concentrations. In the case of the generalized additive model (GAM) analyzing fish meat, fir tree reduced the concentration of PAHs in fish meat. When GAM analyzed fish skin, cherry, sour cherry, and willow trees significantly reduced the concentrations of PAHs in fish skin compared to beech trees. Furthermore, the results regarding the skin of the fish suggest that it acts as a protective barrier, trapping smoke particulates and reducing the penetration of PAHs into the meat. The present method clearly shows that, at least in the case of Benzo[a]pyrene, it is safer than traditional methods of smoking. This highlights the need for further research into the physicochemical properties of fish tissue and their impact on PAH accumulation.
A New Insight into the Weight Gain Method to Monitor and Evaluate Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Pashaei Haniye , Farhoosh Reza
Published: February 2025

The kinetics of change in peroxide value and weight gain were simultaneously studied during the peroxidation of three vegetable oils of various chemical compositions. The initiation and propagation oxidizability parameters Oi (kg mEq−1 h2) and rn (h−1) of the canola, corn, and peanut oils were calculated to be 412 and 0.0894, 160 and 0.0641, and 36.1 and 0.0304, respectively. The weight-based parameter Oiw ranked the oils (103,000, 51,000, and 8000% h2, respectively) as the parameter Oi did. However, the equivalent parameter rnw (0.0680, 0.1198, and 0.1875 h−1, respectively) provided a reverse order than that of the parameter rn. This was attributed to the fact that the value of rn represents the formation and decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides in general, whereas the value of rnw actually represents the overall tendency of an oil to the formation and polymerization of lipid hydroperoxides.
PVA/Gelatin/Cnidium monnieri Composite Scaffolds for Atopic Dermatitis Skin Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Seo Young Ho , Park Sun Young , Lee Sangmin , Kim Myunghoo , Kim Seon Beom , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: February 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by impaired barrier function and persistent inflammation, necessitating advanced therapeutic solutions. This study presents the development of a novel composite hydrogel scaffold composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin, and Cnidium monnieri (CM) extract, designed to address the dual challenges of tissue regeneration and inflammation suppression. Fabricated via optimized freeze–thaw crosslinking and lyophilization, the scaffold exhibited a highly porous structure conducive to enhanced cell proliferation and controlled bioactive release. FT-IR analysis confirmed robust intermolecular interactions among PVA, gelatin, and CM bioactives, while SEM imaging revealed a well-developed porous network. The UPLC analysis demonstrated the sustained release of key CM compounds, such as osthole and imperatorin, which contributed to the scaffold’s anti-inflammatory properties. Biological assessments using HaCaT keratinocytes under inflammatory conditions induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ revealed improved cell viability and significant suppression of IL-8 expression, a critical marker in AD-related inflammation. These findings underscore the potential of the PVA/Gel/CM composite hydrogel as an advanced therapeutic platform for inflammatory skin disorders.
The Effect of Medication Adherence and Spirituality in Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Kavvadia Maria , Saridi Maria , Toska Aikaterini , Bakalis Vissarion , Zetta Stella , Paralikas Theodosios , Sarafis Pavlos , Fradelos Evangelos C.
Published: February 2025

Background: Spirituality is significantly associated with the quality of life of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases, helping them to cope with pain and improve emotional well-being. There is a gap in the literature regarding the relationship between spirituality, quality of life and treatment adherence in patients with rheumatic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as relevant studies, especially in the Greek population, are limited. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of medication adherence and spirituality on the quality of life of patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus from the region of Crete. Data were collected via a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of four parts, including questions regarding demographic and clinical information; the WHOQoL-BREF, 3, FACIT-Sp-12, and SMAQ questionnaires were used. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Results: The study sample consisted of 115 participants, with the majority being women (90%). The majority of the participants suffered from RA (62%), while 38% suffered from SLE. The mean age of the participants was 49.15 years (SD = 11.7), and 46% described their health as good. We found that the dimensions of spirituality are positively related to the dimensions of quality of life. The peace dimension has a strong correlation with psychological health (r = 0.679, p < 0.001) and overall quality of life (QOL Global, r = 0.671, p < 0.001). Meaning also shows a positive correlation with psychological health (r = 0.563, p < 0.001) and overall quality of life (r = 0.506, p < 0.001), whereas adherence to medication shows a low but positive correlation with overall spirituality (r = 0.192, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The findings support that spirituality can be a protective mechanism, improving the mental resilience and adaptability of patients. This study has the potential to contribute to the development of evidence-based guidelines for the integration of spiritual care into clinical practice, with the objective of enhancing the psychological well-being and overall quality of life of patients with rheumatic diseases.
Sex-Specific Factors Affecting Quality of Life After Major Trauma: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Freigang Viola , Müller Karolina , Ernstberger Antonio , Alt Volker , Herrmann-Johns Anne , Baumann Florian
Published: February 2025

Background: Major trauma is a leading cause of severe disability and mortality. The influence of patient sex on outcome after severe trauma is a topic of ongoing discussion. We present a prospective multicenter study on the effects of trauma severity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of female patients. We hypothesized that the impairment of HRQoL after major trauma between the sexes depends not only on sex itself but also on age. Methods: This multicenter prospective registry-based observational study compared sex-based differences in HRQoL of patients who sustained major trauma Injury Severity Score (ISS ≥ 16). The HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L (European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 3-Level Version) score over 2 years post-trauma. Results: We included 416 patients (116 female/300 male) with an ISS > 16 (median ISS 22 IQR 18/30). All patients had a lower HRQoL after trauma than the population norm. Increased AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) face and extremity scores and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores showed a significant decrease in HRQoL. Even though the groups of female and male patients were comparable in injury severity, female patients reported significantly more problems on the anxiety and depression scales than male patients 6 months (p = 0.003) and 24 months (p = 0.044) after trauma (6 months: female 46% vs. male 30%; 24 months: female 44% vs. male 32%). We observed the greatest improvement in the EQ Index over time in patients between 16 and 39 years of age, especially female patients (0.78 to 0.87 in females under 39 years of age, compared to males in the same age group 0.76 to 0.81). Females over 65 years of age initially presented the lowest EQ Index of 0.62. It remained significantly lower over time and was lower compared to male patients of the same age group (female EQ Index after 24 months was 0.68 compared to men over the age of 65 who presented an EQ Index of 0.75). Conclusions: All patients included in this study presented a lower HRQoL after trauma than the population norm. Female patients under 39 years of age reported the most improvement. Females over 65 years of age showed a limited HRQoL, which remained significantly lower over time. Female patients reported significantly more anxiety and depression after major trauma than male patients. Thus, further development and methodologically rigorous testing of ortho-geriatric initiatives, psychosocial support, and prevention measures are required to improve the care after major trauma, particularly for the female elderly.
Estimating the Grape Basal Crop Coefficient in the Subhumid Region of Northwest China Based on Multispectral Remote Sensing by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Xu Can , Hu Xiaotao , Tian Jia , Guo Xuxin , Lei Jichu
Published: February 2025

How to quickly and accurately obtain the basal crop coefficient is the key to estimating evapotranspiration in sparse vegetation. To enhance the accuracy of vineyard evapotranspiration estimation in the subhumid region of Northwest China, this study utilized the actual evapotranspiration (ETc) measured by the Bowen ratio system as the reference standard. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman formula, and the grape crop coefficient (Kc) was subsequently derived. The FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method was then employed to determine the soil evaporation coefficient (Ke) and the water stress coefficient (Ks), leading to the acquisition of the basal crop coefficient (Kcb). Concurrently, multispectral remote sensing images captured by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to gather grape spectral data, from which the reflectance of multiple bands was extracted to compute four vegetation indices: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), and the Difference Vegetation Index (DVI). Relationship models between the grape basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and these vegetation indices were established using univariate linear regression, polynomial regression, and multiple linear regression. These models were then used to estimate vineyard evapotranspiration and validate the accuracy of the UAV multispectral remote sensing in estimating the grape Kcb. The results indicated that: (1) The growth stage, type of vegetation index, and modeling method were three significant factors influencing the fitting accuracies of the relationship models between the grape basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and vegetation indices. These model fitting accuracies had a notable impact on the estimation accuracies of evapotranspiration. (2) The application of UAV-based multispectral remote sensing to estimate the grape basal crop coefficient in the subhumid region of Northwest China was feasible. Compared to the Kcb values recommended by the FAO-56, the Kcb values derived from the UAV data improved the estimation accuracies of evapotranspiration by more than 11% in 2021 and 13% in 2022.
Effect of Light Conditions on Growth and Antioxidant Parameters of Two Hydroponically Grown Lettuce Cultivars (Green and Purple) in a Vertical Farm System
Authors: Hernández-Adasme Cristian , Guevara María José , Faicán-Benenaula María Auxiliadora , Neira Rodrigo , Delgadillo Dakary , Muñoz Violeta , Salazar-Parra Carolina , Sun Bo , Yang Xiao , Escalona Víctor Hugo
Published: February 2025

The use of extended light spectra, including UV-A, green, and far-red, has been scarcely explored in vertical farming. This study evaluated the effects of full spectra under two intensities (90 and 180 µmol m−2 s−1) on the growth and antioxidant properties of green and purple leaf lettuce. Three light spectra were tested: Blue-White (BW), Red-White (RW), and Red-Blue (RB). Fresh weight (FW), dry weight percentage (DWP), chlorophyll concentration (NDVI), and antioxidant parameters (total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FRAP and total flavonoid content (TFC)) were assessed. Spectrum-intensity interactions significantly influenced FW, with RW-180 µmol m−2 s−1 yielding the highest FW (78.2 g plant−1 in green and 48.5 g plant−1 in purple lettuce). BW-90 µmol m−2 s−1 maximized DWP in green lettuce, while PAR intensity of 180 µmol m−2 s−1 favored DWP in purple lettuce. Chlorophyll concentration increased under PAR intensity of 180 µmol m−2 s−1, and leaf color varied with spectrum, with RW producing lighter leaves. Antioxidant parameters declined over time, but a PAR intensity of 180 µmol m−2 s−1, particularly under RW, boosted TPC and TFC contents in both lettuce cultivars during early stages (days 0 and 15). Conversely, a lower PAR intensity of 90 µmol m−2 s−1, mainly under RW, enhanced antioxidant capacity by FRAP at 15 days and by the end of the cycle for both cultivars. Overall, RW-180 µmol m−2 s−1 interactions promoted the best characteristics in lettuce. Nonetheless, the findings emphasize the significance of fine-tuning both light spectrum and intensity to enhance lettuce growth and quality in vertical farming systems considering the cultivar, time and variable to be evaluated.
Effect of Collagen Coating and Fiber Profile on Tenocyte Growth on Braided Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Regeneration
Authors: Emonts Caroline , Bauer Benedict , Büchter Charlotte , Pufe Thomas , Gries Thomas , Tohidnezhad Mersedeh
Published: February 2025

Using scaffolds is a promising alternative to current methods of treatment for ruptures of tendons and ligaments. However, scaffolds are subject to a wide range of challenges, including mechanical, degradation, process-related and biological requirements. Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) fibers have already shown potential for tendon tissue engineering (TTE) because of their degradation kinetics and excellent mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to enhance the PCL scaffold for TTE, specifically in regard to the filament morphology and collagen coating. PCL fibers were melt-spun as monofilaments with circular and snowflake-shaped cross-sections. Different scaffold densities were achieved by applying three different braiding angles in the braiding process. Morphological characterization was conducted including porosity and pore size distribution using µ-CT. The scaffolds were collagenized and cellularized with primary tenocytes for 7 days. Immunofluorescence staining showed a certain alignment of cell growing direction with fiber direction. In cell viability and cell proliferation assays, significant improvements in cell response were observed for the snowflake fiber and collagen coating groups, especially when combined. The data suggest that the utilization of non-circular fibers may facilitate enhanced cell guidance and surface area, while the application of a collagen coating could optimize the cellular environment for adhesion and proliferation.
ANKRD2 Knockdown as a Therapeutic Strategy in Osteosarcoma: Effects on Proliferation and Drug Response in U2OS and HOS Cells
Authors: Cenni Vittoria , Bavelloni Alberto , Capanni Cristina , Mattioli Elisabetta , Bortolozzo Federico , Kojic Snezana , Orlandi Giulia , Bertacchini Jessika , Blalock William L.
Published: February 2025

Ankrd2, a mechanoresponsive protein primarily studied in muscle physiology, is emerging as a player in cancer progression. This study investigates the functional role of Ankrd2 in osteosarcoma cells, revealing its critical involvement in cell proliferation and response to chemotherapeutic drugs. We showed that Ankrd2 knockdown impairs the activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, reduces levels of cell cycle regulators including cyclin D1 and cyclin B, and counteracts the expression of nuclear lamin A and lamin B, disrupting nuclear morphology and DNA integrity. Strikingly, the loss of Ankrd2 enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin and cisplatin, highlighting Ankrd2 potential as a therapeutic target to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. Defining a novel mechanistic role for Ankrd2 in promoting tumor progression, we propose that Ankrd2 reduction could be exploited as an adjuvant strategy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, offering new therapeutic opportunities for OS treatment.
Investigating the Impact of NMDA Receptor Organization and Biological Sex in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hadzibegovic Senka , Bontempi Bruno , Nicole Olivier
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, with women being disproportionately affected in both prevalence and severity. A key feature of AD is synaptic loss, particularly around amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates, which correlates strongly with the severity of dementia. Oligomeric Aβ is believed to be the primary driver of synaptic dysfunction by impairing excitatory neurotransmission through interactions with synaptic receptors, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. However, the influence of sex on these synaptic changes and NMDA receptor mislocalization in AD is not well understood. This study examined potential sex-specific differences in synaptotoxicity and the role of extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in AD pathogenesis using the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model. Although both male and female mice showed a similar amyloid burden and cognitive impairments, synaptic alterations were slightly less severe in females, suggesting subtle sex differences in synaptic pathology. Both sexes exhibited the mislocalization of GluN2B subunits to extrasynaptic areas, which was linked to reduced PSD-95 levels and the synaptic accumulation of Aβ1–42. Intrahippocampal injections of DL-TBOA confirmed the role of extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in memory dysfunction. These findings emphasize the importance of targeting synaptic receptor trafficking to address AD-related memory deficits, potentially offering a therapeutic approach for both sexes.
Distinct Urinary Proteome Changes Across Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Stages in a Cohort of Black South Africans
Authors: Khoza Siyabonga , George Jaya A. , Naicker Previn , Stoychev Stoyan H. , Mokoena Rethabile J. , Govender Ireshyn S. , Fabian June
Published: February 2025

Kidney function parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin excretion are commonly used to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these parameters are relatively insensitive, limiting their utility for screening and early detection of kidney disease. Studies have suggested that urinary proteomic profiles differ by eGFR stage, offering potential insights into kidney disease pathogenesis alongside opportunities to increase the sensitivity of current testing strategies. In this study, we characterized and compared the urinary proteome across different eGFR stages in a Black African cohort from rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. We stratified 81 urine samples by eGFR stage (mL/min/1.73 m2): Stage G1 (eGFR ≥ 90; n = 36), Stage G2 (eGFR 60–89; n = 35), and Stage G3–G5 (eGFR < 60; n = 10). Urine proteomic analysis was performed using an Evosep One liquid chromatography system coupled to a Sciex 5600 TripleTOF in data-independent acquisition mode. Nonparametric multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Pathway analysis was performed on DAPs. Creatinine-based eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. In this study, thirty-eight urinary proteins were differentially abundant for eGFR Stages 3–5 when compared to Stages G1 (AUC = 0.95; CI: 0.86–1) and G2 (AUC = 0.84; CI: 0.64–0.98). Notably, only six urinary proteins (Cystatin M (CST6), glutathione hydrolase 6 (GGT6), sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 (HSP90B1), and mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1 (MAN1A1)) were differentially abundant when comparing Stage G1 and Stage G2 with a modest AUC = 0.81 (CI: 0.67–0.92). Pathway analysis indicated that DAPs were associated with haemostasis and fibrin clot formation. In a rural cohort from South Africa, the urinary proteome differed by eGFR stage, and we identified six differentially abundant proteins which, in combination, could help to differentiate earlier eGFR stages with higher predictive accuracy than the currently available tests.
Structured Reporting in Radiology Residency: A Standardized Approach to Assessing Interpretation Skills and Competence
Authors: Castro Denise , Mishra Siddharth , Kwan Benjamin Y. M. , Nasir Muhammad Umer , Daneman Alan , Soboleski Donald
Published: February 2025

The field of radiology heavily relies on image interpretation and reporting. Radiology residents undergo evaluations primarily based on their interpretation skills, often encountering varied cases with differing complexities. Assessing resident performance in such a diverse setting poses challenges due to variability in judgment among assessors. One aspect of training that can be standardized is the reporting process. Developing a structured reporting system could aid in evaluating resident milestones and achievement of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), facilitating standardized assessment and comparison among peers. From our experiences, we describe a logical reasoning pathway followed by residents in their training, progressing from recognizing abnormalities to describing findings, identifying associated positive and negative findings, and recommending appropriate management. Each step provides evidence of milestone achievement and can be assessed through structured reporting. We propose that a grading system can be applied to assess perception skills, description accuracy, recognition of associated findings, formulation of differential diagnoses, recommendations, and consultation with clinicians. Comparison between junior and senior resident reports allows for monitoring progression and identifying areas for improvement. Although implementing this grading system poses challenges, it offers potential benefits in providing standardized assessment and guiding individualized learning curves for residents. Despite its limitations, once established, the system could enhance residency training in diagnostic imaging.
Bacillus subtilis Contributes to Amylase Production in the Honey Sac of Apis mellifera
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhao Wenzheng , Zhou Danyin , Huang Jian
Published: February 2025

Background: Amylase activity is a critical biomarker for assessing the freshness of honey. Historically, bees have been considered the sole source of honey amylase. However, recent studies suggest that Bacillus subtilis may also contribute to amylase production in the honey sac of Apis mellifera. Methods: In this study, amylase levels were measured in samples of nectar, honey sac fluid, and honey. The identification of B. subtilis in nectar, honey sac, and honey was evaluated. An in vitro bacterial culture system and a feeding experiment were developed to simulate honey sac conditions. Results: Our results showed that B. subtilis was detected in all sample groups, with the highest concentration in honey sac samples. Amylase levels in honey sac and honey samples were significantly higher than those in nectar. In the simulation experiment, amylase activity was only observed in cultures containing both B. subtilis and sucrose/nectar; no activity was detected in cultures containing only H2O or no B. subtilis. In the feeding experiment, bees fed sucrose or nectar showed higher amylase activity in their honey sacs than those fed water. Conclusions: Our data show that B. subtilis can produce amylase and offer potential for more standardized quality assessment of honey.
Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implant Stability in Relation to Mandibular Bone Density and Cortical Thickness in Osteopenic and Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Probst Monika , Probst Florian , Tröltzsch Matthias , Bruckbauer Matthias , Marka Alexander W. , Andreisek Gustav , Frauenfelder Thomas , Burian Egon
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between cervical spine and jaw bone mineral density (BMD) and assess how cortical thickness and BMD influence primary implant stability (PIS) across different bone health conditions. Methods: The study included 29 patients (mean age: 63.7 ± 13.7 years; 13 women) and 15 healthy controls (mean age: 25.3 ± 3.0 years; seven women). Cervical spine (C2–C4) and mandibular BMD were evaluated using asynchronous calibration and manual segmentation. Cortical thickness was measured, and primary implant stability was assessed via insertion torque in Newton centimeters (Ncm). Results: Cervical spine BMD was significantly lower in the patient group compared to controls (203.0 ± 51.0 vs. 252.0 ± 21.7 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). No significant correlation was found between mandibular BMD and cervical spine BMD in both groups (patients: ρ = 0.1287; p = 0.506, controls r = −0.1214; p = 0.667). Linear regression analysis revealed that cortical thickness alone, not implant site BMD, significantly influenced PIS (F(2.74) = 5.597, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Asynchronous calibration accurately quantifies cervical and mandibular BMD. Cortical thickness rather than overall bone density emerges as a critical factor in determining implant stability. These findings suggest that clinicians should prioritize cortical thickness assessment when planning dental implant procedures, potentially improving outcomes across diverse patient bone health profiles.
Narrative Review of the Use of Hydrocolloids in Dermatology: Applications and Benefits
Authors: Nguyen Nhi , Dulai Ajay S. , Adnan Sarah , Khan Zill-e-huma , Sivamani Raja K.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Hydrocolloid dressings are commonly used in the treatment of chronic wounds by forming a gel-like protective layer upon the dispersion of water, absorbing exudate, and creating a moist environment that promotes healing. However, the use of hydrocolloids has expanded outside of wound care, and this review summarizes the evidence for their use within dermatology. Methods: To perform this narrative review, several databases were searched for manuscripts that described the use of hydrocolloid dressings within dermatology. Results: The hydrophilic and colloidal dispersion properties of hydrocolloid dressings facilitate the formation of an absorptive, hydrating, and protective layer. In addition, the viscous layer supports innate immunity by activating immune cells such as granulocytes and monocytes, making them effective in wound care. Hydrocolloid dressings appear to be an effective treatment in acute wounds, with the potential of reduced healing time and easier application compared to traditional dressings. The majority of the related research suggests that hydrocolloid dressings and standard dressings have similar efficacy in healing pressure ulcers, and the prevention of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Early reports suggest that hydrocolloid dressings have a role in the treatment of facial dermatitis and acne vulgaris. Conclusions: Hydrocolloid dressings have been studied most extensively for chronic wounds and then for use in acute wounds. There have been a few studies on their use for treating acne, facial atopic dermatitis, and hypertrophic scarring. While more clinical studies are needed, there appears to be early evidence of hydrocolloid dressing use within dermatology.
Computed Tomography Doses Calculation: Do We Really Need a New Dose Assessment Tool?
Authors: Szarmach Arkadiusz , Sabiniewicz-Ziajka Dominika , Grzywińska Małgorzata , Gać Paweł , Piskunowicz Maciej , Wszędybył-Winklewska Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) scans significantly contributes to population exposure to ionizing radiation. Traditional dose metrics, such as dose–length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED), lack precision in reflecting individual radiation exposure. This study introduces a novel parameters such as size-specific effective dose (EDss) and the size-specific dose–length product (DLPss), to improve patient-specific dose estimation. The aim of this study is to enhance dose calculation accuracy, optimize CT protocols, and guide the development of next-generation CT technologies. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 247 abdominal and pelvic CT scans (113 women, 134 men) was conducted. Anthropometric parameters, including body mass index (BMI), cross-sectional dimensions, and dose indices, were measured. EDss and DLPss were calculated using size-specific correction factors, and statistical correlations between these parameters were assessed. Results: The mean BMI was 25.92 ± 5.34. DLPss values ranged from 261.63 to 1217.70 mGy·cm (mean: 627.83 ± 145.32) and were roughly 21% higher than traditional DLP values, with men showing slightly higher mean values than women. EDss values ranged from 6.65 to 15.45 mSv (mean: 9.42 ± 2.18 mSv), approximately 22% higher than traditional ED values, demonstrating improved individualization. Significant correlations were observed between BMI and effective diameter (r = 0.78), with stronger correlations in men (r = 0.85). The mean CTDIvol was 11.37 ± 3.50 mGy, and SSDE averaged 13.91 ± 2.39 mGy. Scan length reductions were observed in 53.8% of cases, with statistically significant differences by gender. Conclusions: EDss and DLPss offer improved accuracy in radiation dose estimation, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. Their adoption into clinical protocols, supported by AI-driven automation, could optimize diagnostic safety and significantly reduce radiation risk for patients. Further multicenter studies and technological advancements are recommended to validate these metrics and facilitate their integration into daily practice.
Stent Retriever as Distal Filter for Endovascular Management of Acute Atherosclerosis-Related Carotid Occlusions: Preliminary Findings with a Novel Technique
Authors: Maestro Víctor , Murias Eduardo , Campo Davinia Larrosa , Rodríguez Castro José , Puig Josep , Chaviano Juan , López-Cancio Elena , Calleja Sergio , Vega Pedro
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study focuses on a novel endovascular technique for treating acute ischemic stroke caused by carotid artery occlusion (CAO) related to extracranial atherosclerosis, a condition typically associated with poor outcomes due to extensive brain infarction and high hemorrhagic risk. While stent retriever thrombectomy is effective for large-vessel occlusions, managing atherosclerosis-related CAO presents challenges. Methods: This retrospective analysis involved a cohort of 18 consecutive patients treated at our center using a new approach that employs a balloon guide catheter (BGC) to access the common carotid artery. Stent retrievers are used as distal filters, and angioplasty is performed through the stent pusher. The technique aims to reduce procedural time and prevent distal embolisms, which are common complications in traditional methods. Results: The results indicate that this approach improves intervention times, increases first-pass success rates, and decreases distal embolism occurrences compared to conventional techniques. It also effectively overcomes obstacles like the management of antiplatelet therapy and lengthy procedures. Conclusions: These preliminary findings demonstrate that using stent retrievers as filters with BGCs, without the need for aspiration catheters, may offer a safer and faster treatment option for atherosclerosis-related CAO. However, further research is required to confirm these findings and potentially establish this technique as the standard in clinical practice.
An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking: Complementary Metacognitive Processes or Strange Bedfellows?
Authors: Dwyer Christopher P. , Campbell Deaglán , Seery Niall
Published: February 2025

Though both critical thinking and creative thinking are often cited and promoted as important cognitive processes in personal, academic and professional settings, common misconceptualisation of both often leads to confusion for non-experts; for example, with respect to lumping them together erroneously as much the same thing, completely confusing them for one another or, on the other hand, distinguishing them to such an extent that all genuine overlap is ignored. Given the importance of these processes in real-world scenarios, quality education and ‘metaeducation’ is necessary to ensure their appropriate translation to students and educators, alike. Thus, the aim of the current review is to discuss various perspectives on both critical and creative thinking with particular focus paid to addressing such common misconceptualisation. Detailed discussion is provided with respect to important ways in which they are distinct and overlap. Recommendations for what contexts application of each are appropriate are also provided. Furthermore, implications for such enhanced understanding are discussed, in light of both theory and research.
In Vitro Infection Model Using A6 Cells Sets the Stage for Host–Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Exploration
Authors: Verbrugghe Elin , Pasmans Frank , Martel An
Published: February 2025

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) poses a significant threat to amphibian biodiversity, driving severe declines in salamander populations in Europe. While understanding the host–pathogen interaction may yield novel avenues for disease mitigation, effective in vitro models are currently lacking. We here develop a cell-culture-based model using A6 cells to reproduce the complete life cycle of Bsal in vitro, encompassing key stages such as β-galactose-associated cell attachment, active host cell penetration, intracellular maturation, host cell death, and Bsal release. Using imaging techniques, we provide evidence that Bsal penetrates A6 cells through a mechanism independent of conventional host actin dynamics. Our comparative analysis reveals that Bsal infection closely mirrors responses observed in native salamander skin tissues, validating the A6 cell line as an effective surrogate for in vivo studies. This research enhances our understanding of Bsal’s pathogenicity and emphasizes the potential of the A6 cell model for future studies.
Real Index of Refraction of Normal and Cancerous Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients: Results from an Experimental Study
Authors: Papadoliopoulou Maria , Koutsoumpos Spyridon , Margaris Ioannis , Matiatou Maria , Giannios Panagiotis , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Moutzouris Konstantinos , Michalopoulos Nikolaos V.
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast malignancy is the most common cancer type and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for women all ages. Axillary surgery provides prognostic and predictive information, but carries significant morbidity. Imaging techniques are a promising field, providing the characterization of biological tissues using the interaction between the light and a medium, and may offer an accurate cancerous diagnosis without the need for formal histopathological examination. Methods: In this study, using a prism couple refractometer, we sought to determine tissues’ reflection profiles in freshly excised human lymph nodes from female patients with breast cancer, in whom axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Results: Thirty-four patients were included, contributing a total number of 90 lymph nodes and, according to our results, the median refractive indices were significantly higher in cancerous lymph nodes compared to normal lymph nodes in 450 nm, 964 nm, and 1551 nm wavelengths (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results from this small experimental study imply that the use of a prism couple refractometer may aid in the discrimination between benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes in female patients with breast cancer.
RETRACTED: Yen et al. Brevilin A Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis and Reduces Th17 Differentiation in Psoriasis Patients. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1888
Authors: Yen Ling-Jung , Yen Chung-Yang , Li Chia-Ling , Liao En-Chih , Wang Kai-Chun , Shih Meng-Chieh , Huang Hung-Sen , Chen Ying-Chin , Lu Ling-Ying , Yu Sheng-Jie
Published: February 2025

The journal retracts the article “Brevilin A Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis and Reduces Th17 Differentiation in Psoriasis Patients” [...]
Investigating Factors Affecting Loan Loss Reserves in the US Financial Sector: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis with Fixed-Effects Models
Authors: Zournatzidou Georgia , Sklavos George , Ragazou Konstantina , Sariannidis Nikolaos
Published: February 2025

Loan loss reserve accounts are an important part of banks’ ability to sustain losses. However, to enhance such protection, executives in the banking sector should recognize the factors that can affect the management of loan loss reserves. This study sought to investigate a novel set of macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic factors that can have an impact on the LLR ratios of banks in the United States (US). Data were retrieved from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database, considering the population of the banks in the US for the fiscal years 2015 to 2023. Dynamic panel regression methods, including ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects models (FEMs), and random-effects models (REMs), were used to reach the research goal. The results demonstrate that both macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic factors significantly influence the behavior of LLRs in the United States. We clearly recognized industrial production as the macroeconomic indicator with the highest influence on LLRs, accurately representing the sector’s activity level through its calculation. The research findings demonstrate that industrial production is crucial in banks’ strategies regarding LLRs. Further, the S&P 500 has the most substantial impact on LLRs in a non-macroeconomic framework. Also, the results indicate that US banks are seeing a resurgence and are proactively allocating resources for their recovery. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that the financial institutions of the US ought to enhance their loan provisioning strategies in order to optimize resource allocation and improve the overall business performance.