bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Graft Tear Configurations in Medial and Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: Objective Evaluations Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lee Jongjin , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Bin Seong-Il , Jeon Taehyeon , Bae Kinam , Kim Donghyok
Published: August 2024

Background:

Few studies have compared the characteristics of meniscal allograft tears between medial and lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) using bone fixation.

Purpose:

To investigate the prevalence, location, and patterns of allograft tears after MAT with the bone fixation technique and compare tear patterns between medial and lateral compartments according to the time elapsed after surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The charts of consecutive patients who underwent primary medial or lateral MAT between December 1996 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The location, pattern, and postoperative periods during which allograft tears occurred were evaluated by reviewing all series of follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which were performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively and every 2 years thereafter with the patient's agreement. Postoperative periods for allograft tears were defined as the time between surgery and the follow-up MRI scan in which the meniscal tear was first confirmed. Allograft tears were compared between the medial and lateral MAT groups.

Results:

A total of 327 consecutive patients who underwent MAT (55 medial, 272 lateral) with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The incidences of allograft tears after medial and lateral MATs were 32.7% and 30.9%, respectively. The mean times for tears were 80.1 ± 81.1 months and 48.9 ± 46.3 months in the medial and lateral MAT groups, respectively ( P = .130). In both the medial and lateral MAT groups, allograft tears were observed mainly in the posterior horn, with complex tears being the most commonly identified tear type. In medial MATs, root tears were the second most common at 27.8%, with a significantly higher proportion than the lateral MATs ( P = .014). On the other hand, in lateral MATs, meniscocapsular separation and radial tears were the second most common at 15.5% each, albeit not significantly more common than in medial MATs ( P = .123 and P = .454, respectively). All root tears in medial MATs and meniscocapsular separations in lateral MATs were observed within 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Significant differences in allograft tear patterns were identified between the medial and lateral MAT groups. The proportion of root tears in medial MATs was higher than that in lateral MATs; conversely, the proportion of meniscocapsular separation was more common in lateral MATs. Such tear patterns, which may require surgical repair or graft resection, were observed only within 1 year of surgery. Therefore, close observation and regular follow-up in the earlier postoperative period are necessary after medial or lateral MATs.
Saline cleansing can prevent infective complications after transrectal prostate biopsy: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Çetin Taha , Yalçın Mehmet Yiğit , Özbilen Mert Hamza , Cesur Gürkan , Bildirici Çağdaş , Karaca Erkin , Karabacak Mahmut Can , Aravacık Erkan , Tığlı Taylan , Tarhan Oğuz , Yoldaş Mehmet , Boyacıoğlu Hayal , Çelik Serdar , Koç Gökhan
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To discern whether reduced infection rates were attributed to antiseptic solutions or mechanical rectal irrigation.

Patients and Methods:

After receiving ethical approval, the study included patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination findings, and prostate cancer under active surveillance, at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between April 2022 and June 2023. Standard antibiotic prophylaxis was administered. Patients were randomized into three equal groups according to the rectal irrigation strategy.

Results:

Overall complications occurred in 4%. Despite distinct cleaning agents, there was no significant difference in infection rates ( p = 0.780) or fever incidence ( p = 0.776). Pathological analyses revealed comparable outcomes ( p = 0.764).

Conclusion:

The study challenges the prevailing belief that antiseptic solutions are indispensable for infection prevention, as saline demonstrated similar efficacy. Limitations include data gaps from potential external hospital visits and absent rectal microorganism swab culture. While TRUS-PB remains the gold standard, this study suggests that mechanically cleansing the rectal mucosa with saline—a cost-effective, side-effect-free alternative—may be a viable infection prevention method, particularly beneficial for patients with antiseptic allergies. The findings prompt a reconsideration of the necessity of antiseptic solutions in TRUS-PB, offering an alternative approach to mitigate infectious complications.
Sustainable engineering applications using jute-basalt fiber reinforced composites: A material characterization study
Authors: Suganya Priyadharshini G , Vijayan M , Suyambulingam Indran , Siengchin Suchart , Eakambaram A
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials in engineering and construction industries has led to extensive research in the development of alternative fibers for composite materials. This study explores the potential of combining jute and basalt fibers to create a novel composite material with enhanced mechanical and environmental properties. The present investigation focused on developing a Jute/basalt hybrid composite by adding a Zirconium carbide filler using compression molding technique. The filler percentage was varied as 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.% and 2 wt.% in an epoxy resin matrix. Mechanical tests were performed to determine the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance of the composite materials. The composites’ microstructure was studied using FESEM to understand fiber-matrix interactions. Preliminary results indicate that the combination of jute and basalt fibers in composite materials can yield a balance between strength and sustainability. The present work indicates promising developments in composite materials, with 1.5 wt.% demonstrating a significant 37.7% increase in tensile strength when compared to pure jute/basalt composite. In terms of flexural strength, the addition of 1.5 wt.% nanofiller resulted in a remarkable 112.4% enhancement in flexural strength compared to the absence of ZrC laminate. In addition, the presence of ZrC significantly enhances the impact strength. Specifically, the addition of 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% results in increased strengths of 98.2 J/m and 99.2 J/m, respectively.
The aquaculture waste as the carbon source for nanocellulose production by Komagataeibacter europaeus
Authors: Tseng Yi-Sheng , Hsieh Wen-Pei , Patel Anil Kumar , Sun Pei-Pei , Wu Chung-Hsin , Dong Cheng-Di , Singhania Reeta Rani , Tsai Mei-Ling
Published: August 2024

Nanocellulose produced by bacteria has attracted worldwide attention owing to its excellent mechanical properties, water retention capacity, non-toxicity, antibacterial ability, and high plasticity, making it applicable in various fields. In this study, the collected aquaculture waste biomass such as Chaetomorpha crassa and C. linum were hydrolyzed with cellulose and viscozyme to be employed as the carbon sources in HS medium for Komagataeibacter europaeus 14,148 to produce bacterial cellulose (BC). The sugar obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass of C. crassa by cellulase (CCH) and by viscozyme (CVH) was 1.40 ± 0.02 g/100 mL, 1.17 ± 0.03 g/100 mL, respectively, and similarly, C. linum by cellulase (LCH) and by viscozyme (LVH) 0.78 ± 0.01 g/100 mL, and 0.82 ± 0.04 g/100 mL, respectively. The glucose saccharification of enzymatic hydrolysate in CCH and CVH was 34.9% and 17.3% which were both higher than LCH and LVH. The yield of BC by K. europaeus 14,148 from different enzymatic hydrolysate of green seaweed was 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.51 ± 0.07, 0.48 ± 0.06, 1.77 ± 0.12, and 1.69 ± 0.03 g/L in HS medium, CCH, CVH, LCH, and LVH, respectively. Macroalgal hydrolysate by carbohydrase was a better carbon source for producing high-quality BC. The high concentration of total phenol compound in the enzymatic hydrolysate obtained from green seaweed enhanced the bacterial activity of K. europaeus 14,148, conversely contributing to enhancing BC production and improving radical scavenging activity of BC. This study provided value addition to aquaculture waste to be utilized as carbon source to produce high-value products supporting sustainable development goals no. 12 “Responsible consumption and production.”
Identifying optimum implementation for human papillomavirus self-sampling in underserved communities: A systematic review
Authors: Mackay Olivia , Lifford Kate Joanna , Kalra Anahat , Williams Denitza
Published: August 2024

Objective

To review the existing evidence to identify the optimum methods for implementing human papillomavirus self-sampling to increase screening uptake for underserved groups.

Setting

Specific groups are less likely to participate in cervical screening. These include individuals from low socioeconomic status groups, ethnic minority groups, younger age groups (25–29), older age groups (≥50), with a physical disability, with a learning disability and with an LGBTQ+ identity. The advent of human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical screening presents an opportunity to promote equitable access to screening. Implementation for human papillomavirus self-sampling can vary, for example, opt-out or opt-in approaches. However, it is unclear which of these is the best method of offering human papillomavirus self-sampling to underserved groups.

Methods

Six databases were searched through May 2023. Studies comparing cervico-vaginal human papillomavirus self-sampling provision using different implementation strategies with the standard screening pathway in underserved groups were identified. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

In total, 4574 studies were identified; 25 studies were included, of which 22 were from high-income countries. Greater uptake was found for offering human papillomavirus self-sampling compared to standard clinician-based sampling. Directly mailing human papillomavirus self-sampling kits to participants resulted in higher uptake of screening than using an ‘opt-in’ approach or standard recall in low socioeconomic status and ethnic minority groups, and older women. Strategies that used community health workers or educational materials increased uptake in ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status groups.

Conclusions

Directly mailing human papillomavirus self-sampling kits to low socioeconomic status groups, ethnic minority groups and older women has the potential to increase uptake of human papillomavirus self-sampling. Using community health workers to offer human papillomavirus self-sampling should be considered for ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status groups. Further research exploring the preferences of younger women is needed.
Arthroscopic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair Combined With All-Inside Suture Tape Augmentation for Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability With Generalized Joint Laxity
Authors: Qu Feng , Ji Linfeng , Sun Chengyi , Zhu Mingjie , Myerson Mark S. , Li Shuyuan , Zhang Mingzhu
Published: August 2024

Background:

To analyze the feasibility and clinical results of the modified Broström operation (MBO) combined with suture tape augmentation under arthroscopy for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) in patients with generalized joint laxity (GJL).

Methods:

From October 2019 to October 2021, a total of 111 patients (111 ankles) treated with MBO combined with suture tape augmentation under arthroscope were retrospectively divided into a GJL group (29 patients) and a control group (82 patients). Mechanical stability of the affected ankle joint was evaluated radiographically preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and the last follow-up. Complications and surgical failures, as well as visual analog scale (VAS) score, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and the Karlsson score were also recorded. All statistical analyses were completed using SPSS 20.0.

Results:

The average follow-up time was 21.7 ± 5.2 months for the GJL group, and 20.9 ± 5.3 months for the control group. Pain and symptoms in both groups were effectively relieved by the procedure reflected by decreased VAS scores, improved FAAM and Karlsson scores at 6 months postoperatively, and the final follow-up ( P < .05). Preoperative talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation were significantly greater in the GJL group than those in the control group ( P < .05). Postoperatively, both talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation were reduced in both groups at 6 months postoperatively and the last follow-up ( P < .05), and we found no significant difference between the two groups ( P > .05). Furthermore, we found no significant difference in VAS, FAAM, and Karlsson scores between the 2 groups 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic MBO combined with suture tape augmentation is a reliable procedure for treating CLAI with GJL. At short-term follow-up, we found that the GJL group achieved an equivalent level of stability compared with the control group.
Cognitive Workload Evaluation of Onsite Workers Collaborating with a Teleoperated Robot during Assembly Tasks Using Heart Rate
Authors: Taori Sakshi , Kim Sunwook , Lim Sol
Published: August 2024

Incorporating collaborative robots in modern industry has given rise to the synergistic collaboration between humans and robots. Working along with a teleoperated robot enables completion of tasks across geographical boundaries and has the potential to address the skills gap in manufacturing by enhancing future distributed manufacturing environments. In this study, we investigated cognitive demands of onsite workers in two different collaboration scenarios: (1) Human-Human (HH) and (2) Teleoperator-Robot-Human (tRH), during wire assembly tasks with varying physical and cognitive workloads. Under an additional cognitive task condition, the perceived effort (measured by NASA-TLX) for HH (57.8 ± 26.4) was significantly higher than for tRH (31.6 ± 26.5). However, no significant differences in heart rate were found between HH and tRH. These findings suggest that tRH might not introduce additional cognitive demands compared to HH collaboration, despite the lack of in-person and/or less direct communication.
The Relevance of Seemingly Irrelevant Group Interactions for Automation Trust: An Analysis of Naturalistic Team Conversations on Contingent Behaviors
Authors: Renata Vianney , Klaeser Morgan , Lee John D.
Published: August 2024

Small changes in a system can cause dramatic shifts in individual trust to automation, be it over-trust or under-trust, and such behavior may spread within a team of human agents and automation. Even within the same environment and system variables, trust evolution may differ from team to team due to small changes—which would make traditional statistical analysis inappropriate. Such contingencies are difficult to identify, but may determine a team’s success or failure. We explored how one possible contingent factor, day-to-day group interaction, may influence an individual’s trust development in an automated system represented by a virtual assistant. A preliminary exploration between group interaction and trust differences between participants showed statistical significance ( p = .042), but weak correlation ( R2 = .03). Trajectory variation is highly attributed to individual differences or unaccounted contingent behaviors. Further analyses of contingent factors and trust development will explore individual and group dynamics over time.
Exploring Technological Challenges in Telehealth for Allied Healthcare Practices
Authors: Tazi Faiza , Dykstra Josiah , Rajivan Prashanth , Das Sanchari
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth across healthcare systems, permanently transforming the way care is delivered. While telehealth has significantly enhanced healthcare accessibility, this transition has also introduced challenges in maintaining high standards of care. Furthermore, new technological challenges compounded by resource constraints have emerged. Allied healthcare providers, who often face resource limitations themselves, play a crucial role in delivering comprehensive care, including diagnostics, therapy, and support services. To delve deeper into these challenges, we conducted semi-structured online interviews, aiming to uncover the specific ergonomic obstacles that allied healthcare professionals, notably audiologists and speech-language pathologists face during telehealth consultations. By shedding light on their unique experiences, this work aims to pave the way for enhancements in telehealth ergonomics within the allied health sector, providing actionable recommendations that enhance telehealth ergonomics, thereby elevating the quality of remote healthcare services while addressing concerns from both practitioners’ and patients’ perspectives.
The Impact of Communication Timing and Sequencing on Team Performance: A Comparative Study of Human-AI and All-Human Teams
Authors: Zhou Shiwen , Gorman Jamie C.
Published: August 2024

Communication is critical to team coordination and interaction because it provides information flows allowing a team to build team cognition, which contributes to overall team performance. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enhanced AI’s capability to mimic human-like interactions; however, issues remain regarding the timing and sequencing of these communications. Using data from a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) task involving human-AI and all-human teams, the current study employed comparative analysis to investigate communication timing and sequence. Findings indicated that while all-human and human-AI team communication dynamics may differ in terms of timing, it is the sequencing of communicative messages that predicts team performance. In this way, the current study hopes these communication analyses’ differences can provide feedback and suggestions to future adoption of AI as a teammate for team training and team operations.
What Does It Mean to Be Inclusive?: A Conversation with the HFES Council of Affinity Groups (COAG)
Authors: Barton Hanna J. , Jeon Myounghoon , Trippe Jules , Cohen Myke C. , Kim Jeong Ho , Wooldridge Abigail R. , Lum Heather C.
Published: August 2024

To truly design for people—addressing the full spectrum of human capacities and limitations—it is critical that the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) fosters a welcoming and inclusive environment for HF/E professionals and students of diverse backgrounds and experiences. It is essential that HFES, like any other organization, considers how its current structures fail to include people of historically excluded and/or minoritized identities. During this session, the leaders of HFES-sponsored affinity groups (AGs) and of the Council of Affinity Group (COAG) will share their perspectives on what “inclusion” means to them and provide practical insight into what it looks like in practice.
Driver Situational Awareness Prediction During Takeover Transitions: A Multimodal Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jia Lesong , Du Na
Published: August 2024

This study predicts drivers’ situational awareness (SA) of specific traffic elements during takeover transitions in Level 3 automated vehicles. Using a simulator dataset from 44 participants, we analyzed multimodal features, including driver characteristics, physiological data, eye movement, and environmental attributes. Various machine learning models (e.g., SVM, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost) were optimized through feature selection and time window tuning. The SVM model, using a 3-second post-TOR and 1-second pre-TOR window, achieved the best performance with a macro F1 score of 0.75 and 0.77 accuracy. Our approach highlights the importance of comprehensive feature sets and timely predictions for improving driver support systems. This model aids in identifying potential hazards and enhances takeover readiness, contributing to safer autonomous driving transitions.
The Impact of Information Quantity on Cognitive Load and User Perceptions in Medical Website Design
Authors: Zhang Ruihao , McAlphin Morgan , Weaver Salazar Kambiz , Craig Scotty D.
Published: August 2024

This study looks at the effects of the recognition rather than recall heuristic on a user’s cognitive load, particularly measuring the impact of the level of information provided and cognitive load and whether it impacts their decisions to seek medical care from the site with three conditions (minimal, neutral and overload level of information). Implications of this research include designing reliable medical websites requiring user’s cognitive engagement. Future research is needed to better understand and validate these findings.
Case Study: Can Deaf Truck Drivers Be Trained in a Reasonably Safe Manner; An Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Suit
Authors: Arndt Steven R. , Garza Lilian , Phillips Kyra B. , Figueroa Jacinto Rosemarie
Published: August 2024

Two separate cases with two deaf individuals filed a claim against a trucking company alleging that their applications for employment had been rejected due to their hearing impairment. The defendants argued that their company could not reasonably accommodate deaf drivers during their required internal training and thus could not hire the individuals for a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver position. In the subject cases, we reviewed the communication methods and channels available for CMV employers to safely employ hard-of-hearing/deaf employees during the on-the-road training program. After a review of relevant standards, regulations, and literature we recommended multiple methods for communication including simple graphical symbols used in roadway signage presented through handheld signs or electronically. Advances in current technology provide simpler and more familiar presentation methods for trainers and students, which would make the analysis and presentation of convincing arguments for matters like this easier if similar foundational steps are taken.
Assessing Team Performance in Complex Team-Based Command and Control Missions Through Information Sharing and Team Cohesion
Authors: Chubala Chrissy M. , Hunter Aren , Dithurbide Lori , Neyedli Heather F.
Published: August 2024

In complex command and control (C2) scenarios, effective team performance depends on the development of shared situation awareness (SA) among team members with heterogeneous expertise. Civilians were assigned heterogeneous roles in ad hoc emergency management teams responding to a fictional hurricane scenario, such that mission success would require effective sharing of their unique knowledge during a team discussion session. Whereas previously published work using this dataset found relationships between SA and self-reported team cohesion, the current work compared team decisions against a benchmark “expert” team, where each expert received all information from all roles prior to the discussion session. Results showed that greater similarity between civilian and expert team decisions, indicating more effective information sharing, was related to higher team cohesion, more updating of individual SA, and greater overlap in shared SA. Facilitating information sharing and promoting team cohesion may be valuable methods for improving team effectiveness in C2 scenarios.
Assessing Driver’s Trust, Compliance, and Reliance in an Automated Flood Warning System: Effects of Error Types and System Reliability
Authors: Mao Tianyi , Garcia Katherine R. , Chen Jing
Published: August 2024

The increasing threat of inland flooding due to precipitation changes and floodplain development necessitates efficient real-time flood detection and communication methods. While automated floodwarning systems facilitate such communication, they are susceptible to errors like false alarms and misses, which could undermine drivers’ trust during flood events. This study examined how system accuracy and error type impact perceived system reliability, as well as drivers’ trust and behaviors. Our results showed that both false alarms and misses lowered drivers’ perceived system reliability, and drivers were more inclined to follow recommendations from a system with higher reliability compared to one with low reliability. Misses and false alarms influenced drivers’ reliance and compliance behaviors differently. These findings help predict how system reliability level and error type shape drivers’ responses to automated flood-warning systems, potentially contributing to their design and calibration.
Relationship Between Arousal and Technical Performance in the Oil and Gas Sector: An Investigation Using a Simulated Well Control Scenario
Authors: Iani Cristina , Bori Leonardo , Rubichi Sandro
Published: August 2024

The present paper summarizes the results of a study investigating the relationship between arousal, as reflected by cardiovascular responses, and technical performance in a simulated well control task. As part of a certification exam at the end of a training session, pairs of rig operators (drillers) and supervisors were involved in a role-play exercise using a simulation equipment, while the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was recorded from rig supervisors with the Polar H10 device. During the scenario an anomaly in well operations occurred and supervisors were required to adopt specific procedures to restore pressure containment. Our results showed that heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measures differently reflected the changes in the demands imposed by the different phases of the simulated task and highlighted the need to integrate the assessment of technical skills with workload and arousal assessment to increase the effectiveness of training procedures.
Visual Instructor Presence in Online Lectures: Effects of Individual Differences in Attention Control
Authors: Vazquez Eve , McLaughlin Anne Collins
Published: August 2024

The aim of this experiment was to examine the relationship between individual attentional control capabilities and learning from video-based lectures with differing amounts of visual stimuli. Research suggests that extraneous stimuli in lectures, such as visual instructor presence, may increase cognitive load, thus inhibiting learning. This experiment explored how lecture format (slides that filled the screen vs. a virtual classroom), instructor presence, and attentional control ability impacted learning outcomes. Participants engaged in a battery of attention tasks, watched a lecture, and were quizzed on the lecture material. Attentional ability level interacted with instructor presence, where instructor presence improved learning for individuals with poor attentional capacity but slightly harmed learning for those with better attentional capacity. There were no main effects of instructor presence or lecture format. Despite the additional stimuli that instructor presence adds to a lecture, it is possible that the speaker’s image may increase engagement.
Vibration wave propagation and band-gap effects in floating slab track: Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements
Authors: Zhang Xinhao , Geng Mingjing , Zhao Caiyou , Yi Qiang , Wang Ping , Lu Tao
Published: August 2024

Steel-spring floating slab track is widely used in special vibration-damping sections of urban rail transit because of its good vibration-damping performance. However, in engineering practice, bottlenecks such as the nature of elastic wave coupling with environmental media and elastic wave modulation have not yet been established as theoretical analysis and experimental measurement methods. In this paper, based on the energy generalized variational principle of the physical properties of elastic waves, a joint analytical model of the three-dimensional steel-spring floating slab track periodic structure is established. The dispersion curves and eight bandgap characteristics in the complex domain are obtained. It is verified that the vibration acceleration response of the track structure is caused by the intersection of the dispersion curve and the load moving line. And the bandgap can effectively suppress the Doppler phenomenon.
Managing medications for patients with cancer and chronic conditions: It's time for collaboration between primary care and oncology pharmacists
Authors: Davidson Arielle , Ismail Mohamad , Gatwood Justin , Farley Joel , Mackler Emily , Thompson Amy , Farris Karen
Published: August 2024

Objective

To provide a rationale for a collaborative care model involving oncology and primary care pharmacists to improve the coordination of care of medications for cancer patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Data Sources

A review of selected literature and the authors’ own research was used. Studies illustrating the gaps in care for medications and pharmacists’ roles in oncology and primary care settings from PubMed were reviewed.

Data Summary

There has been a substantial increase in the development and utilization of oral anticancer agents (OAAs). Although OAAs offer convenience and flexibility, they also introduce challenges related to medication adherence, monitoring, and managing side effects. Up to 17.5% of patients experience moderate to severe symptoms from OAAs and about 30% report less than excellent medication adherence. Further, studies showed that 30% to 53% of adult cancer patients have at least one chronic condition that complicates their treatment plan due to the need for medications, increasing the risk of drug interactions, side effects, and non-adherence. The Primary Care Oncology Model (PCOM) incorporates both primary care and oncology pharmacists with comprehensive medication review and patient-reported outcome measure, respectively, to enhance medication appropriateness and effectiveness, and improve overall patient experience.

Conclusion

Implementing PCOM may improve the medication management of patients taking OAAs for active cancer treatment and chronic medications for their multiple chronic conditions. This collaborative approach can transform patient care by leveraging the expertise of both primary care and oncology pharmacists.
Keep Cool but Don’t Freeze: The Influence of William J. Mills Jr. on the Treatment of Frostbite
Authors: Gharraei Maryam , Zafren Ken , Villar Rodrigo , Giesbrecht Gordon G.
Published: August 2024

Dr William J. Mills Jr., an Alaskan orthopedic surgeon, helped establish the current protocols for frostbite treatment and changed a dogma used for more than 140 years that was established by Napoleon's surgeon general of the army, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey. During Napoleon's 1812 siege of Moscow, Larrey noticed the destructive effects of using open fire heat for warming frozen body parts, so he suggested rubbing snow or immersion in cold water. Dr Mills treated many cold injuries during his medical career. After setting up his medical practice in Anchorage, Alaska, he realized the inefficiency of the established protocols and started researching new treatments for frostbite. Dr Mills followed Meryman's method of rapidly thawing frozen red blood cells in warm water. Mills and his colleagues established a treatment protocol for freezing cold injury that included rapid warming in warm water. These studies resulted in the publication of three key papers in 1960 and 1961. These papers were the first clinical studies that described rapid warming as a treatment. Subsequently, rapid warming, with some variation in water temperatures, has been accepted as the standard of treatment. Due to his outstanding contribution to the treatment of frostbite, he has been referred to as “the nation's leading authority on cold injury.” Mills and his colleagues created a new classification system that divided frostbite into two levels, superficial and deep, which was more applicable in clinics than the traditional 4-tier classification. The 2-tier classification is still useful outside of the hospital setting.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of toceranib phosphate in cats with macroscopic mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Del Portillo Miguel Isabel , Blackwood Laura , Maiques Elisa , Pérez Roger Ignacio , Poch Jiménez Enric , Borrego Juan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Mammary tumours in cats are biologically aggressive. The standard of care relies upon wide surgical resection. Chemotherapy has been described in the macroscopic disease setting; however, limited efficacy has been shown. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of toceranib phosphate in macroscopic feline mammary tumours (FMTs).

Methods

A total of 17 cats with cytologically or histopathologically confirmed mammary adenocarcinoma (gross disease) were prospectively enrolled. Toceranib phosphate was administered at a median dose of 2.77 mg/kg (range 2.3–3.2) PO q48 h. No corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were administered. Toxicity was graded according to Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group–Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) v1.1 criteria. The response was assessed after 1 month, following Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) criteria.

Results

Toxicity was observed in eight cats, with most instances being grade 1 or 2, which were managed with supportive care. Only one cat experienced grade 3 toxicity (anorexia), which resolved after a dose reduction. Clinical benefit was seen in 12 (64.7%) cats and an objective response was seen in six (35.2%) cats. One cat experienced complete response, five had partial response, six had stable disease and five had progressive disease. One cat showed distant progression (malignant pleural effusion) despite continued partial remission of the primary tumour. The median progression-free survival and median overall survival time were 91 days (range 30–158) and 145 days (range 31–234), respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

Toceranib phosphate showed clinical benefit and a good safety profile in advanced or recurrent FMTs, offering a new alternative in the treatment of this disease; however, further prospective and randomised studies are required to further assess its efficacy. Interestingly, one cat developed distant metastases while the primary tumour showed partial response, suggesting that primary tumour and metastatic disease may not sustain the same sensitivity to toceranib.
Antibody response after feline panleukopenia virus vaccination in kittens with and without intestinal parasites
Authors: Weidinger Anna-Karina , Hartmann Katrin , Barutzki Dieter , Truyen Uwe , Abd El Wahed Ahmed , Zablotski Yury , Bergmann Michèle
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Vaccinations should only be given to healthy cats, and deworming before vaccination is generally recommended; however, so far, no study has investigated the influence of intestinal parasitic infection on the immune response in kittens. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccination in kittens with and without intestinal parasites.

Methods

Overall, 74 healthy kittens were included. Of these, 17 had intestinal parasites (12/17 Toxocara cati, 6/17 Cystoisospora felis, 1/17 Capillaria species). Both kittens with and without (n = 57) parasites received two primary kitten vaccinations with modified live FPV vaccines in a 4-week interval starting at the age of 8–12 weeks. Anti-FPV antibodies were determined at the beginning of the study (week 0) and at week 8 (4 weeks after the second vaccination) by haemagglutination inhibition. A ⩾four-fold titre increase (week 8 vs week 0) was defined as a response to vaccination. Comparison of the immune response in the kittens with and without intestinal parasites was performed using Pearson’s χ2 test.

Results

Pre-vaccination antibodies were present in 4/17 (23.5%) kittens with intestinal parasites and in 24/57 (42.1%) without parasites. A ⩾four-fold titre increase was seen in 13/17 (76.5%) kittens with parasites compared with 32/57 (56.1%) kittens without parasites. There was neither a significant difference in pre-vaccination antibodies ( P = 0.17), nor in vaccination response ( P = 0.13) between kittens with and without parasites.

Conclusions and relevance

The results indicate that asymptomatic intestinal infections with endoparasites do not interfere with the immune response to kitten vaccination series. Parasitic infection (at least with T cati, C felis and Capillaria species) is therefore not a reason to postpone important vaccinations.
Modified honeycomb cores for enhancing the durability of sandwich structures under low-velocity impact
Authors: Al-Osman Omar , Alkhader Maen , Abuzaid Wael
Published: August 2024

Honeycomb cores are essential components of composite sandwich structures, and enhancing their ability to withstand out-of-plane loads can improve the resilience of sandwich structures under low-velocity transverse impacts. Therefore, this study computationally investigates the potential for improving the out-of-plane strength of honeycomb cores by superposing periodic sinusoidal perturbations to their cell walls. Such perturbations have been used to enhance the acoustic properties of honeycomb cores. Results demonstrated that introducing these perturbations can improve the strength of honeycomb cores under localized out-of-plane loadings resembling colliding with small objects at low impact speeds. Superposed perturbations increased the out-of-plane strength by a maximum of 28.5 % and eliminated the post-buckling softening behavior. Moreover, they increased the toughness, represented by the area under the force-displacement curve, under localized out-of-plane loads by a maximum of 56.7%. The perturbed honeycomb cores showed more sensitivity to the frequency of the superposed perturbations than their magnitude.
No Cap: ASCAP and the fragmentation of music publishing
Authors: Ozelkan Ediz , Billias Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

The internet was originally conceptualized as a frontier within which creative and cultural output could thrive, bereft of the gatekeeping influence of major corporations in the analog era. As that digital era unfolded, the narrative shifted amid a concentration of media power and the precarity of digital labor, prompting questions about the democratization that the internet was purported to bring about. This project takes the music publishing industry as a case study of this democratization thesis, using network analysis to examine publishing data from ASCAP’s ACE Repertory to better understand the fragmentation or centralization of key social actors in the music industry. The study finds that the industry is greatly fragmented based on the total number of music licenses, pointing to a decentralization of music publishing. However, this does not provide a glimpse into how revenue is distributed in this network. These findings have implications for media studies, music industry analysis, cultural economics, and technology studies as technology continues to transform content creation.
Unravelling Copyright Dilemma of AI-Generated News and Its Implications for the Institution of Journalism: The Cases of US, EU, and China
Authors: Kuai Joanne
Published: August 2024

This study adopts a multiple-case study design to address ‘Does copyright law protect automated news, and if so, how’ in three jurisdictions: the United States, the European Union and China. Through doctrinal legal analysis of the copyright laws and document analysis of policy reports, corporate responses and other empirical evidence, this study has found that the three copyright regimes differ substantively with regard to both formal texts and informal enforcement of copyright claims to artificial intelligence (AI)-generated news. In the United States, there has been a policy silence. In the European Union (EU), eager regulators have rushed to enact premature laws and failed policy patchwork. In China, the state is instrumentalising both laws and journalism to further its own interests. These findings suggest that current regulatory frameworks in all cases have led to a weakening of the institution of copyright, which, in turn, has contributed to the deinstitutionalisation of journalism and the institutionalisation of algorithms.
Algorithms as conversational partners: Looking at Google auto-predict through the lens of symbolic interaction
Authors: Markham Annette
Published: August 2024

This article showcases a speculative methodology for recreating interactions between a human and Google Search’s Auto-Predict interface as conversations, to explore how AI-based systems are both persuasive and deeply personal. Using ethnomethodology tools and a symbolic interactionist lens, the paper presents three versions of a single Google search, each variation building a slightly different angle on the plausible utterances and interpersonal dynamics of the human and nonhuman partners. This thought experiment emerges from a decade of classroom-based digital literacy exercises with young adults, training them to analyze their lived experiences with digital media, algorithms, and devices. Transforming information exchanges into personal conversations provides a creative method for analyzing how relations are co-constructed in the granular processes of interaction, through which mutual intelligibility is built, meaning about the world is made, and identities are formed. This critical analysis extends methods for human–machine communication studies and elaborates notions of algorithmic identity.
Optimal cost-emission trade-off for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles around zero emission zones using a supervisory energy and emissions management strategy
Authors: Aronis André Nakaema , Willems Frank , Kupper Frank , Pla Benjamín
Published: August 2024

The growing call for pollution-free environments has prompted the creation of zero-emission zones (ZEZs) around the world. For regional and national transport, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) are an attractive option, which also offer ZE driving. To address the PHEV challenges of sufficient ZE driving range and of meeting real-world emission targets outside the ZEZs, this work proposes an adaptive supervisory control strategy, which minimizes the total operational costs while complying with tailpipe [Formula: see text] emissions constraints. It combines a Modular Energy Management Strategy (MEMS), for cost-optimal power-split, with an Integrated Emission Management (IEM) strategy for determining the cost-optimal air path setting of the internal combustion engine. A real-time implementable, optimal control strategy is derived based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. To determine the optimal selection of the co-states used in this strategy, a numerical optimization is performed for different route segments and real-world cycles. This study demonstrates that PHEVs can successfully be operated around ZEZs. The best performance is realized with an adaptive supervisory control strategy with different co-states per route segment; compared to the standard strategy with fixed co-states, this proposed strategy was able to achieve cost and [Formula: see text] emission reductions of up to 10% and 22%, respectively, for the studied real-world cycles.
Self-study in higher education: Its role in productive discussions and learning outcomes
Authors: Lim Jaeseo , Shin Yongmin , Song Min Hae , Lee Seunghee , Ihm Jungjoon
Published: August 2024

Although discussion is widely used as an effective instructional strategy in the classroom, the questions remain about which additional strategies can be combined to discussion. The present study aims to examine the role of self-study as an individual preparation for discussion and the learning effect of the combination of self-study and discussion. We compared a two-sequential design of groups: individual preparation (video lecture vs. self-study) and type of discussion (teacher-facilitated vs. student-led). We compared the test scores for shallow learning and transfer of learning. Conducting two experiments ( n1 = 91; n2 = 113, respectively), we found that the self-study group obtained higher scores than those of the video lecture group regardless of discussion type. Specifically, the self-study group obtained higher scores through student-led discussions, while lecture groups improved scores through teacher-facilitated discussion. To interpret the results, we analyzed the content of discussions. The result demonstrated that students in the self-study group conducted more constructive interactions with students than they did with teachers, while the video lecture group interacted more with teachers than they did with students. The findings indicate that self-study as individual preparation improves the learning effect of discussion.
Influence of pre-tensioning high-performance yarns on the bending stiffness of textile composites
Authors: El Messiry Magdi , Eltahan Eman , Fathy Shereen
Published: August 2024

This study explores the stiffness enhancement in textile composites using four different fiber types: carbon, Kevlar, Vectran, and high-tenacity polyester (HTP). Pretension levels of 0.2, 2, 5, and 10 N were applied. A setup was developed to measure fiber stiffness. Results indicate that carbon fiber consistently demonstrates the highest stiffness across all pretenstionlevels, attributable to its high tensile strength and modulus. Kevlar fiber, although initially less stiff than carbon, exhibits the most substantial increase in stiffness, particularly between 5 and 10 N of pretension, reaching a peak stiffness of 33.8 at 10 N. Vectran fiber shows a gradual increase in stiffness, surpassing HTP but slightly lagging behind carbon and Kevlar. The rates of yarn-specific bending stiffness increase were measured as 0.168 for HTP, 0.054 for carbon fiber, 0.173 for Kevlar fiber, and 0.191 for Vectran fiber. The study highlights the importance of understanding how yarn pretension affects the bending stiffness of yarn-polymer composites, which is crucial for advancements in textile engineering. It was found that variations in the bending stiffness of HTP and carbon fibers significantly impacted the composite bending stiffness more than Vectran and Kevlar fibers under pretension during composite formation. High-stiffness yarns were less influenced by increasing pretension during composite fabrication. The study suggests utilizing yarn pretension to control the stiffness of textile/polymer composites and proposes individually tensioning and pultruding fibers or yarns in the polymer matrix before composite formation. A specialized setup for achieving this during the protrusion process is recommended.
Sport in Times of Crisis: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sport and Physical Exercise Habits of College Students at SEC Member Institutions
Authors: Sonkeng Katja , Hallmon Augustus W. , Chepyator-Thomson Jepkorir Rose , Anaza (Deceased) Emeka
Published: August 2024

With the COVID-19 pandemic in the rear window, the sport industry ramped up efforts to evaluate the financial and cultural detriment of the global public health crisis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how the altered sport and physical exercise habits of college students at Southeastern Conference (SEC) member institutions impacted their physical and mental well-being. Drawing from social ecology theory, data were collected through a qualitative online survey consisting of open-ended questions, disseminated via email to SEC college students. Study findings indicate the critical role of access to physical exercise and sports in the overall well-being of society and may prove invaluable for addressing future public health emergencies and crises. Theoretical and practical recommendations include the development of sustainable outdoor recreation activities as well as coping strategies and alternatives to traditional sports and physical exercise (e.g., immersive virtual reality options).