bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The utilization of a GR4J model and wavelet-based artificial neural network for rainfall–runoff modelling
Authors: Sezen C. , Partal T.
Published: November 2018

Data-driven models and conceptual models have been utilized in an attempt to perform rainfall–runoff modelling. The aim of this study is comparing the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) model, wavelet-based artificial neural network (WANN) model and GR4J lumped daily conceptual model for rainfall–runoff modelling of two rivers in the USA. It was obtained that the performance of the data-driven models (ANN, WANN) is better than the GR4J model especially when streamflow data the preceding day (Qt-1) and streamflow data the preceding two days (Qt-2) are used as input data in the ANN and WANN models for the simulation of low and high flows, in particular. On the other hand, when only precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data are used as input variables, the GR4J model performs better than the data-driven models.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Shakil Md. Salman , Hasan Md. Ashraful , Sarker Satya Ranjan
Published: November 2018

Background:

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. The extremely fast
rate of metastasis and ability to develop resistance mechanism to all the conventional drugs make them very difficult
to treat which are the causes of high morbidity and mortality of breast cancer patients. Scientists throughout the
world have been focusing on the early detection of breast tumor so that treatment can be started at the very early
stage. Moreover, conventional treatment processes such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and local surgery suffer from
various limitations including toxicity, genetic mutation of normal cells, and spreading of cancer cells to healthy tissues.
Therefore, new treatment regimens with minimum toxicity to normal cells need to be urgently developed.

Methods:

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely used for targeting hyperthermia and imaging of breast cancer
cells. They can be conjugated with drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies or nucleotides to deliver them to target organs,
tissues or tumors using external magnetic field.

Results:

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been successfully used as theranostic agents for breast cancer both in vitro
and in vivo. Furthermore, their functionalization with drugs or functional biomolecules enhance their drug delivery
efficiency and reduces the systemic toxicity of drugs.

Conclusion:

This review mainly focuses on the versatile applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
on the diagnosis, treatment, and detecting progress of breast cancer treatment. Their wide application is because of
their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatible and biodegradable properties.
Progress in the Consideration of Possible Sex Differences in Drug Interaction Studies
Authors: Naidoo Panjasaram , Chetty Manoranjenni
Published: November 2018

Background:

Anecdotal evidence suggests that there may be sex differences in Drug-drug Interactions
(DDI) involving specific drugs. Regulators have provided general guidance for the inclusion of females in clinical
studies. Some clinical studies have reported sex differences in the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of CYP3A4 substrates,
suggesting that DDI involving CYP3A4 substrates could potentially show sex differences.

Objective:

The aim of this review was to investigate whether recent prospective DDI studies have included both
sexes and whether there was evidence for the presence or absence of sex differences with the DDIs.

Methods:

The relevant details from 156 drug interaction studies within 124 papers were extracted and evaluated.

Results:

Only eight studies (five papers) compared the outcome of the DDI between males and females. The majority
of the studies had only male volunteers. Five studies had females only while 60 had males only, with 7.7% of the
studies having an equal proportion of both sexes. Surprisingly, four studies did not specify the sex of the subjects.

:

Based on the limited number of studies comparing males and females, no specific trends or conclusions were evident.
Sex differences in the interaction were reported between ketoconazole and midazolam as well as clarithromycin and
midazolam. However, no sex difference was observed with the interaction between clarithromycin and triazolam or
erythromycin and triazolam. No sex-related PK differences were observed with the interaction between ketoconazole
and domperidone, although sex-related differences in QT prolongation were observed.

Conclusion:

This review has shown that only limited progress had been made with the inclusion of both sexes in
DDI studies.
Formulation and Characterization of Genistein-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Mittal Pooja , Vrdhan Harsh , Ajmal Gufran , Bonde Gunjan , Kapoor Ramit , Mishra Brahmeshwar
Published: November 2018

Background:

Genistein (Gen) is a naturally occurring soy isoflavonoid, possessing anticancer, antiproliferation & antioxidant-like properties. The disadvantage of poor solubility and less oral bioavailability restrict its use as a potential anticancer agent.

Objectives:

The current work was focused on the formulation and characterization of the genistein loaded nanostructured lipid carriers that can entrap enough quantity of the drug which will provide sustained release of the drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Methods:

The nanostructure lipid carriers of genistein were developed with the aid of solvent emulsification and evaporation technique by employing TPGS as a surfactant. The resultant formulation was characterized by various physicochemical properties. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were carried out to estimate the mean plasma concentrations of the drug. Percentage cytotoxicity was evaluated by using PA-1 ovarian cancer cell lines.

Results:

The resultant formulation exhibited a particle size of 130.23 nm, and entrapment efficiency of 94.27 %, & zeta potential of -20.21 mV with unimodal size distribution. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies revealed that the formulation was able to provide sufficient plasma drug concentration for the longer period of time and the drug was more distributed in ovarian cancer tissues. Results of MTT assay concluded that GenNLC were more effective in comparison to pristine Gen.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, GenNLC seems to be a superior alternative carrier system for the formulation industry to obtain the higher entrapment with excellent stability of the formulation.
In Silico Protein Interaction Network Analysis of Virulence Proteins Associated with Invasive Aspergillosis for Drug Discovery
Authors: Chaudhary Renu , Balhara Meenakshi , Jangir Deepak Kumar , Dangi Mehak , Dangi Mrridula , Chhillar Anil K.
Published: November 2018

Background: Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of virulence proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus is a prevailing strategy to understand the mechanism behind the virulence of A. fumigatus. The identification of major hub proteins and targeting the hub protein as a new antifungal drug target will help in treating the invasive aspergillosis.  Materials & Method: In the present study, the PPI network of 96 virulence (drug target) proteins of A. fumigatus were investigated which resulted in 103 nodes and 430 edges. Topological enrichment analysis of the PPI network was also carried out by using STRING database and Network analyzer a cytoscape plugin app. The key enriched KEGG pathway and protein domains were analyzed by STRING.

Conclusion:

Manual curation of PPI data identified three proteins (PyrABCN-43, AroM-34, and Glt1- 34) of A. fumigatus possessing the highest interacting partners. Top 10% hub proteins were also identified from the network using cytohubba on the basis of seven algorithms, i.e. betweenness, radiality, closeness, degree, bottleneck, MCC and EPC. Homology model and the active pocket of top three hub proteins were also predicted.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Acidosis in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mendez Yamely , Ochoa-Martinez Francisco E. , Ambrosii Tatiana
Published: November 2018

Chronic obstructive lung disease is a common and preventable disease. One of its pathophysiological consequences is the presence of carbon dioxide retention due to hypoventilation and ventilation/perfusion mismatch, which in consequence will cause a decrease in the acid/base status of the patient. Whenever a patient develops an acute exacerbation, acute respiratory hypercapnic failure will appear and the necessity of a hospital ward is a must. However, current guidelines exist to better identify these patients and make an accurate diagnosis by using clinical skills and laboratory data such as arterial blood gases. Once the patient is identified, rapid treatment will help to diminish the hospital length and the avoidance of intensive care unit. On the other hand, if there is the existence of comorbidities such as cardiac failure, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pulmonary embolism or depression, it is likely that the patient will be admitted to the intensive care unit with the requirement of intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Morphological Evolution of Fe-Oxy-Hydroxide Nanotubes During Electrodeposition
Authors: Bocchetta Patrizia , Conciauro Francesca , Selleri Filippo
Published: November 2018

Background:

Ordered arrays of 1D iron(oxyhydr)oxide nanostructures have potential
applications in magnetic recording mediums, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and thermal production
of α-, β-, γ-type Fe2O3. Large surface areas with three-dimensional architectures, such as nanotubes,
are encouraged because the easy access of ion, gas, liquid and radiation assures high ion exchange
capacity, sensing and catalytic activities.

Objective:

In this work, the morphological evolution of Fe-oxyhydroxide electrodeposition inside
AAM pores has been followed for the first time by selecting two relevant electrochemical conditions
of synthesis producing high quality morphologies of nanotubes.

Methods:

Iron(oxyhydr)oxide nanotubes have been synthesized by cathodic electrodeposition at a
constant current in classic three-electrode cell. Two different electrolytic baths have been studied: (i)
an aqueous bath consisting of 5 mM FeCl3+5 mM KF+0.1 M KCl+1 M H2O2 (H-Fe) and (ii) an
ethanolic bath consisting of 0.3 M FeCl3 + 0.1 M KCl (Et-Fe).

Results:

XRD, Raman and SEM results on the iron(oxyhydr)oxide nanotubes suggest different
mechanisms of chemical precipitation mechanisms in Et-Fe alcoholic solution (dehydration and rearrangement
within the ferrihydrite aggregates) and H-Fe aqueous solution (dissolution/
reprecipitation). The morphological evolution of the growing nanostructure to nanotubes inside
AAM in the two baths agrees very well with the overpotential vs. time curves, the kinetic growth of
the nanotubes arrays and a growth mechanism governed by the relative mass transfer processes involving
both OH- and Fe ions.

Conclusion:

The morphological evolution of Fe-oxyhydroxide cathodic electroprecipitation inside
AAM pores in two relevant electrochemical baths containing Fe(III) (aqueous/H-Fe and alcoholic/Et-
Fe) has been followed for the first time by a comprehensive SEM analysis accompanied by electrochemical,
structural and kinetic growth of the nano-electrodeposits.

:

The detailed SEM results collected in this work allowed to recommend template electrogeneration of
base in ethanol solution containing Fe(III) chloride as a relevant procedure to obtain high-quality,
compact and well-ordered Fe oxy-hydroxide nanotubes.
Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against Gamma Ray-Induced Skin Damage
Authors: Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Najafi Masoud , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Keshavarz Mansoor , Shirazi Alireza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Hadian Mohammed Reza , Samandari Hedayat
Published: November 2018

Background:

Radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for cancers using ionizing radiations. About 70% of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy. Radiation effect on the skin is one of the main complications of radiotherapy and dose limiting factor. To ameliorate this complication, we used melatonin as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging, improving overall survival after irradiation as well as minimizing the degree of DNA damage and frequency of chromosomal abrasions.

Methods:

Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). A single dose of 30 Gy gamma radiation was exposed to the right hind legs of the rats while 40 mg/ml of melatonin was administered 30 minutes before irradiation and 2 mg/ml once daily in the afternoon for one month till the date of rat’s sacrifice. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation. Afterwards, their exposed skin tissues were examined histologically and biochemically.

Results:

In biochemical analysis, we found that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in R group and decreased significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks, whereas catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups during the same time periods compared with the C group (p<0.05). Histopathological examination found there were statistically significant differences between R group compared with the C and M groups for the three different time periods (p<0.005, p<0.004 and p<0.004) respectively, while R group differed significantly with MR group (p<0.013). No significant differences were observed between C and M compared with MR group (p>0.05) at 4 and 20 weeks except for inflammation and hair follicle atrophy, while there were significant effects at 12 weeks (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Melatonin can be successfully used for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin injury. We recommend the use of melatonin in optimal and safe doses. These doses should be administered over a long period of time for effective radioprotection and amelioration of skin damages as well as improving the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.
Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal from Coal Gasification Wastewater in Three‐Stage MBBRs
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Hui‐qiang , Han Hong‐jun
Published: November 2018

A lab‐scale aerobic–anoxic–aerobic (AE1–AN–AE2) MBBR system was tested for the removal of COD, , SCN‐, phenols, and nitrogen from coal gasification wastewater, using a shortcut biological nitrogen removal process. Dissolved oxygen concentration in AE1 was maintained at 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L to ensure stable accumulation. Adding methanol wastewater to AN guaranteed denitrification efficiency. AE2 ensured high removal rates of , SCN‐, and phenols. The effects of influent pollutant concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrogen removal were studied. Improving the dissolved oxygen concentration in AE1 eliminated the negative effect of increased organic loading on nitrification, but it affected the stability of nitrosation. Shortening the HRT had negative effects on the performance of the system and performance recovered after it was extended. The average total nitrogen removal rate was 82.6% with a CODmethanol/ ratio of 3.5. Biomass and activity of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria were measured to understand the evolution of nitrification.
Impact of a Search Engine on Clinical Decisions Under Time and System Effectiveness Constraints: Research Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: van  der Vegt Anton , Zuccon Guido , Koopman Bevan , Deacon Anthony
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Many clinical questions arise during patient encounters that clinicians are unable to answer. An evidence-based medicine approach expects that clinicians will seek and apply the best available evidence to answer clinical questions. One commonly used source of such evidence is scientific literature, such as that available through MEDLINE and PubMed. Clinicians report that 2 key reasons why they do not use search systems to answer questions is that it takes too much time and that they do not expect to find a definitive answer. So, the question remains about how effectively scientific literature search systems support time-pressured clinicians in making better clinical decisions. The results of this study are important because they can help clinicians and health care organizations to better assess their needs with respect to clinical decision support (CDS) systems and evidence sources. The results and data captured will contribute a significant data collection to inform the design of future CDS systems to better meet the needs of time-pressured, practicing clinicians.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of using a scientific medical literature search system on clinical decision making. Furthermore, to understand the impact of realistic time pressures on clinicians, we vary the search time available to find clinical answers. Finally, we assess the impact of improvements in search system effectiveness on the same clinical decisions.

METHODS

In this study, 96 practicing clinicians and final year medical students are presented with 16 clinical questions which they must answer without access to any external resource. The same questions are then represented to the clinicians; however, in this part of the study, the clinicians can use a scientific literature search engine to find evidence to support their answers. The time pressures of practicing clinicians are simulated by limiting answer time to one of 3, 6, or 9 min per question. The correct answer rate is reported both before and after search to assess the impact of the search system and the time constraint. In addition, 2 search systems that use the same user interface, but which vary widely in their search effectiveness, are employed so that the impact of changes in search system effectiveness on clinical decision making can also be assessed.

RESULTS

Recruiting began for the study in June 2018. As of the April 4, 2019, there were 69 participants enrolled. The study is expected to close by May 30, 2019, with results to be published in July.

CONCLUSIONS

All data collected in this study will be made available at the University of Queensland’s UQ eSpace public data repository.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/12803
Crustal structure of the eastern Acambay Graben, central Mexico, from integrated geophysical data
Authors: Arzate Jorge , Lacan Pierre , Corbo-Camargo Fernando , Arango-Galván Claudia , Felix-Maldonado Rafael , Pacheco Jesús , León-Loya Rodrigo
Published: November 2018

The Acambay graben is a ∼70 km long E–W seismically active structure located within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Quaternary volcanism has contributed to shaping the graben morphology and reported hydrothermal activity suggests the existence of potential geothermal reservoirs. Our work aims at providing information about the unstudied subsurface structure of the graben using magnetotelluric (MT) soundings, as well as gravity and aeromagnetic data as preliminary work for near-future integrated 3D approach. We analyzed the distribution of magnetic anomalies and its relation to faulting using total field (TFM) aeromagnetic digital charts E14 and F14 (https://www.gob.mx/sgm) and through the analysis of the tilt derivative of TFM. The gravity and magnetic horizontal derivatives provided complementary results to constrain the location of the main fault and to contrast the response of the Pastores and Acambay-Tixmadejé faults. For the subsurface interpretation, we present the results of a 25 km magnetotelluric (MT) profile across the eastern tip of the Acambay graben, oriented approximately perpendicular to the azimuth of the main ∼E–W fault systems. The resulting resistivity model incorporates gravity and aeromagnetic coincident model profiles. Density and magnetic susceptibility models were constrained with field sample data, surface geology and with the resistivity structure obtained from the 2D inversion of the measured MT soundings. The dimensionality and electric strike of the 13 MT stations that compose the profile were analyzed for a period band of 0.01 to 100 s. The average electric azimuth obtained was 88.5°±10°, which was used to invert the rotated to the electric strike MT profile. The integrated geophysical model reveals important lithological contrasts at the northern and southern bounding faults of the graben. While the northern Acambay-Tixmadejé fault affects a resistive ground and is associated to a >20 mGal gravity anomaly, the southern Pastores fault corresponds to a contrasting conductive zone with relatively low gravity anomaly (∼5 mGal). In contrast, the magnetic anomaly shows the opposite behavior; at the Pastores fault the observed amplitude is of 400 nT while the amplitude across the Acambay-Tixmadejé fault is insignificant. The geophysical model shows that both the Acambay-Tixmadejé and Pastores faults have constant and opposite dipping angles of about 70°, defining a nearly symmetric graben structure. According to our results, the Acambay-Tixmadejé fault as well as the central graben fault system converge at a depth of ∼18 km that is consistent with the depth of the seismogenic crustal layer.
Análisis del uso de conectores discursivos en la argumentación escrita de alumnos de primaria
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Blanca Araceli , Martínez Serna Cecilia Nohemí
Published: November 2018

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que analiza qué conectores discursivos utilizan alumnos de primaria para justificar sus puntos de vista y contraargumentar la postura contraria, así como la manera en que lo hacen. El trabajo forma parte de una investigación aplicada de corte didáctico, en la cual se diseñó un caso ficticio a partir de una situación polémica y cercana a los alumnos para que escribieran su opinión. Se evaluaron 114 textos con una tabla control que permitió comparar los usos que los alumnos dieron a los conectores. Los resultados mostraron que los conectores más usados son porque, para que, pero y por eso. Además, se identificó que los usos no convencionales están en función tanto del desconocimiento de sus funciones gramaticales como de la falta de conocimientos del tema que permitirían a los alumnos construir enlaces pragmáticamente correctos entre los enunciados.
David Hume y la distinción entre filosofía especulativa y experimental
Authors: Calvente Sofía Beatriz
Published: November 2018

Frente a los reiterados cuestionamientos a la distinción entre empirismo y racionalismo para pensar la filosofía en el período moderno, han surgido nuevas distinciones como la de filosofía especulativa/experimental, que se proponen como más adecuadas para reflejar el quehacer de los filósofos de la Modernidad. Nos proponemos evaluar la validez de esta distinción respecto de la filosofía moral experimental del siglo XVIII y puntualmente de la propuesta de Hume. Mostraremos que si la distinción se entiende en términos excluyentes, resulta inapropiada porque el mismo Hume plantea que la especulación es aquello que define a la filosofía. Propone, además, una conciliación entre la práctica de la experimentación y la teorización antes que considerarlas como excluyentes. Finalmente, dejaremos en claro que aquello que condena como “falsa filosofía” no puede entenderse como sinónimo de filosofía especulativa
El problema de la estetización en la filosofía de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Staroselsky Tatiana
Published: November 2018

En su ensayo sobre la obra de arte, Benjamin da cuenta del fenómeno de la estetización de la política, al que, según sus propias palabras, el comunismo debe responder con la politización del arte. En este trabajo nos centraremos en esta problemática, y pondremos a prueba la hipótesis de que el diagnóstico de una “estetización” no es exclusivo, en el marco de la filosofía de Benjamin, del ámbito del arte y su relación con la política. Sostendremos, en cambio, que este problema encuentra arraigo también en el ámbito de la historia, en la forma de una estetización del pasado a la que Benjamin, fundamentalmente en las tesis “Sobre el concepto de historia”, propone responder con la politización de la historia.
Logistics concepts in freight transportation modeling
Authors: Mitra Subhro , Ndembe Elvis , Kayabas Poyraz
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review logistics concepts used in macro freight transportation modeling by various planning agencies at the national, state and city level. The chronological development of freight modeling endeavors are studied here and the logistics component incorporated in the modeling is identified. The key modeling tools are identified and analyzed to identify the efficacy of the model, ease of use, and data required to implement the model. The conclusion was that European freight models were more developed than North American freight models. The tools most widely used are the aggregate-disaggregate-aggregate model, input-output model, artificial neural network model, matrix estimation method and PCOD model. This paper will give transportation modelers a better idea of the freight modeling tools available.
Using visual data mining in highway traffic safety analysis and decision making
Authors: Tsai Yao-Te , Smith Huw D , Swartz Stephen M , Megahed Fadel M
Published: November 2018

An ongoing, two-fold challenge involves extracting useful information from the massive amounts of highway crash data and explaining complicated statistical models to inform the public about highway safety. Highway safety is critical to the trucking industry and highway funding policy. One method to analyze complex data is through the application of visual data mining tools. In this paper, we address the following three questions: a) what existing data visualization tools can assist with highway safety theory development and in policy-making?; b) can visual data mining uncover unknown relationships to inform the development of theory or practice? and c) can a data visualization toolkit be developed to assist the stakeholders in understanding the impact of publicpolicy on transportation safety? To address these questions, we developed a visual data mining toolkit that allows for understanding safety datasets and evaluating the effectiveness of safety policies.
Failure to Launch: The Unfulfilled Promise of Eportfolios in Irish higher education: An Opinion Piece
Authors: Farrell Orna
Published: November 2018

In this article, the unfulfilled promise of eportfolio in Irish higher education is critiqued. The article analyses the factors that have led to the slow pace of eportfolio adoption in Ireland, in contrast to the ubiquitous nature of eportfolio practice in higher education worldwide. The emergence of an Irish eportfolio community indicates that eportfolio are gaining traction in Irish higher education but to fulfil their promise academics need to be supported in their professional development, funding is required for empirical research and a greater understanding of eportfolio purposes and pedagogy should be developed in the Irish academic community.Failure to Launch: The Unfulfilled Promise of Eportfolios in Irish higher education: An Opinion Piece
Project #CyborgArt: A Teaching Case Study on the Affordances Programmable Sensors in Mixed Media Art Projects
Authors: Sweeney Susan , Howell Stephen
Published: November 2018

Modern graduates of all disciplines require proficiency with new literacies to complement and enhance traditional higher-level education. Local and multinational businesses struggle to source graduates with both practical skills, an understanding of the modern consumer, and the challenges of integrating technology safely into almost every facet of life. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary module project that required students to create a mixed-media art piece representing the students’ vision of themselves as cybernetic organisms. The module was delivered over one semester and incorporated industry speakers and workshops on non-traditional topics for the discipline of these students. One of these topics was Coding for Non-Coders and Wearable and Embeddable Technology. This paper examines the affordances the students gained by learning how to incorporate simple, cheap but effective sensors in their art.
Factores de influencia en la coordinación logística para la preparación y atención de desastres – Una revisión de literatura
Authors: López-Vargas Juan Camilo , Cárdenas-Aguirre Diana Maria
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los factores que influyen en la coordinación de los actores que participan en las operaciones de preparación y respuesta de desastres. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión de literatura con el fin de identificar los factores que facilitan y dificultan la coordinación en el marco de la logística humanitaria. La coordinación en las cadenas de abastecimiento humanitarias es compleja a pesar que esté dirigida hacia los objetivos fundamentales de reducir las muertes y el sufrimiento de las víctimas de un desastre. Con base en la revisión de literatura, puede establecerse que la coordinación está condicionada por el entorno complejo inherente a los desastres, por las capacidades organizacionales, así como la confianza y transparencia que existan entre sí. Estos hallazgos pretenden fomentar el interés por la coordinación inter-organizacional y el mejoramiento de los procesos de preparación y respuesta a los desastres.
Teknologi membran dalam pengolahan limbah cair industri (Review)
Authors: Agustina Siti
Published: November 2018

Teknologi membran dalam pengolahan limbah cair industri (Review)
Desain rancang bangun alat pembuat matras lembaran berbahan serabut kelapa
Authors: Yuniasri Kendedes
Published: November 2018

Desain rancang bangun alat pembuat matras lembaran berbahan serabut kelapa
PROSES AKTIVASI ULANG ARANG AKTIF BEKAS ADSORPSI GLISERIN DENGAN METODE PEMANASAN
Authors: Agustina Siti
Published: November 2018

Arang aktif bekas yang merupakan sisa proses adsorpsi gliserin mempunyai daya serap rendah.  Proses aktivasi ulang rnernungkinkan arang aktif bekas untuk digunakan kembali pada proses adsorpsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode yang terbaik dalam mengaktivasi  ulang arang aktif bekas dan mengetanui efektifitas pada larutan gliserin. Penelitian ini menggunakan rnetode kombinasi antara kimia dan panas untuk mengaktivasi ulang arang aktif  bekas dengan tiga cara yang berbeda yaitu: (1) Perendarnan dengan asam diikuti dengan pemanasan, (2) Pencucian dengan air diikuli dengan pemanasan. sorta (3) Pernanasan secara langsung. Suhu pemanasan yang diaplikasikan bervariasi dari 500°C, 600°C dan 700°C, sedangkan ama waktu pemanasan yang digunakan 1, 2 dan 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metoda yang terbaik adalah pemanasan secara langsung pada suhu 500°C selama satu jam pemanasan. Arang aktif hasil aktivasi ulang tersebut dapat menurunkan warna gliserin dari warna kuning muda ke warna jernih dengan persen transmitan sebesar 99%.
PENELITIAN EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE DARI KECOA (Periplaneta americana L)
Authors: Rahayu Sri Pudji
Published: November 2018

Kecoa merupakan serangga yang suka hidup ditempat terlindung, tertutup maupun lipatan-lipatan sehingga susah diberantas, akan tetapi serangga tersebut mempunyai alat komunikasi yang  digunakan untuk memanggil sesamanya untuk berkumpul yang disebut aggregation pheromone. Aggregation pheromone ini diteliti untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu cara pengendaliannya. Pada penelitian ini aggregation pheromone diteliti dengan mengekstrak kotoran kecoa dengan berbagai macam pelarut dan hasil ekstraknya diuji secara biologi ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya kecoa yang datang dan berkumpul pada ekstrak AP tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini pelarut methanol merupakan pelarut yang paling baik dalam ekstraksi AP yang ditunjukkan adanya 80% kecoa yang datang berkumpul. Dari ekstraksi tersebut setelah dianalisa dengan alat kromatografi gas diperoleh senyawa aktif yang merupakan Aggregation pheromone dari kecoa Periplaneta americana L.  Senyawa tersebut diduga periplanon A dan periplanon B dengan waktu retensi 25,417 menit dan senyawa B dengan waktu retensi 27,007 menit.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH STYROFOAM SEBAGAI FLOKULAN DALAM PROSES PENJERNIHAN AIR MELALUI PROSES SULFONISASI
Authors: Listyarini Arie
Published: November 2018

Berbagai limbah styrofoam kemasan (PS) pada penelitian ini digunakan untuk membuat natrium polistirena (NaPSS). PS disulfonasidengan asam sulfat pekat 98% mengguankan sulfonasi heterogen dan homogen dengan pelarut dikloroetana (DCE) dengan berbagai variasi suhu (60, 80 dan 100 °C) dan varaisi waktu reaksi (3, 4, 5, dan 6 jam). Prociuk sulfonasi diidentifikasi dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Adanya puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1140 dan 1040 cm" dalam spektrum infra merah menunjukkan karakteristik gugus sulfonat. Persentase sulfonasi maksimum yang dihasilkan adalah 74,9% dengan menggunakan sulfonasi heterogen pada kondisi suhu 100 °C dan  waktu reaksi 6 jam sedangkan persentase sulfonasi maksimum yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan sulfonasi homogen adalah 81,91% pada kondisi 100 °C dan waktu reaksi 4 jam. Larutan NaPSS diaplikasikan sebagai flokulan pada proses pengolahan air danau dan dibandingkan  dengan aquaklir, flokulan yang telah beredar di pasaran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa NaPSS dapat menurunkan nilai turbiditas air danau dari 24,58 ntu menjadi sekitar 1 ntu, hal ini masih kurang  optimum bila dibandingkan dengan aquaklir.
PERANAN MIKROORGANISME DALAM BIOREMEDIASI TANAH YANG TERCEMAR LOGAM BERAT DARI LIMBAH INDUSTRI (Review)
Authors: Rahayu Sri Pudji
Published: November 2018

Tingkat pencemaran logam-logam berat dari industri ke tanah dan sungai di daerah industri sudah tidak terkendali. Untuk memulihkan tanah yang tercemar tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai  cara, salah satunya dengan cara biologi yang disebut bioremediasi. Bioremediasi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk rehabilitasi lingkungan karena dapat mendegradasi atau mengubah limbah beracun menjadi tidak beracun. Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme sangat berperanan dalam bioremediasi, diantaranya adalah Pseudomonas, Bacil/us,Moraxella, Acinetobactor, Burkholderia dan Alcaligenes. Beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mendesain dan mengoperasikan proses bioremediasi yang melibatkan mikroorganisme adalah seleksi dan pemilihan mikroorganisme yang sesuai dengan treatment awalnya, waktu tinggal dan waktu kontak proses, proses pemisahan dan rekoveri mikroorganisme, pembuangan mikroorganisme yang telah digunakan, dan perhitungan ekonomis dari proses bioremediasi
Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Ritonavir Floating Tablets in the Management of AIDS
Authors: Kiran R. Shireesh , Shekar B. Chandra , Babu B. Nagendra
Published: November 2018

In the current study, gastro-retentive tablets of Ritonavir was developed to increase its oral bioavailability using hydrophilic polymers HPMC K 4M, K 15M, and K 100M as release retarding agents. Polyox WSR 303 was chosen as resin, sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent agents. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used for the formulation. Among all the formulations F21 containing HPMC K 100M, Crospovidone, Polyox WSR 303 and sodium bicarbonate, as gas generating agent was choosen as optimized formulation based on the evaluation parameters, floating lag time (33 sec) and total floating time (>24 h) and in vitro dissolution studies. From in vitro dissolution studies, the optimized formulation F21 and marketed product was shown 98.67% and 95.09 ± 5.01% of drug release respectively. From in vivo bioavailability studies, after oral administration of floating tablet containing 100 mg Ritonavir, the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–∞ of optimized gastroretentive formulation were found to be 30.11 ± 1.16μg/mL, 8.00±1.23 h and 173 ± 26.34μg*h/ml, respectively. Cmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product, where longer gastric residence time is an important condition for prolonged or controlled drug release and also for improved bioavailability.
HETERO-BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES OF LANTHANUM (III) USING BRIDGING N,N?-BIS(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)OXAMIDE AND TERMINAL 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Chetana P. R. , Bhat Vibha Vinayakumar , Dhale Mohan A.
Published: November 2018

In the present study, hetero-binuclear La(III) complexes  were newly synthesized using well known bridging ligand N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)oxamide (2PMO, 1) and “complexes as ligands” [Cu(2PMO)]  (2) and [Ni(2PMO)] (3).  The newly synthesized mononuclear (4) as well as hetero-binuclear complexes (5 and 6) were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The newly synthesized complexes were tested for their binding ability towards CT-DNA and chemical nuclease property towards SC pUC 19 DNA. The complexes were tested for antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumonia) and Gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus), antioxidant activities by DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous-ion chelation methods and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the newly synthesized hetero-binuclear complexes show potent DNA binding and chemical nuclease activities, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
COGNITIVE ENHANCING, ANTI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TAGETES ERECTA AGAINST DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA IN RODENTS
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Srilakshmi S.
Published: November 2018

Oxidative stress can be involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Diazepam (DZP) administration has been chosen to simulate the memory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate Anti-amnesic activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta flower heads using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The extract was also evaluated for its anti-oxidant potential.  Anti-amnesic activity of the extract was screened by using diazepam induced (acute) amnesic model using actophotometer and cook’s pole climbing apparatus. In-vitro anticholinesterase (AChE) using Ellman’s assay was estimated. Anti-oxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by using reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg bd. wt. The METE at two doses levels 200 and 400 mg/kg bd. wt reversed the memory deficit induced by diazepam in mice models. The extract significantly scavenged the free radicals in dose dependant manner. The presence of active constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenols in methanolic extract of flower heads of Tagetes erecta might be responsible for its anti-amnesic, anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activity.
Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Synthetic Natural Cyclopeptides on HCT11 and B16F10 Cells
Authors: Singh Sunil , Chandrul Kaushal K. , Dahiya Rajiv
Published: November 2018

Peptides are natural messenger molecules of human body and hence ideal lead compounds for the initiation of drug discovery research. They are the important organic compounds with potent biological activities. Peptides functions as hormones, enzymes enzyme inhibitors, or substrates or growth inhibitors or promoters, neurotransmitters and immunomodulators. Investigation of new and more potent analogs of molecules with already established activities from a key part of research in pharmaceutical field. It’s brings many modifications by manipulates the parent molecules structures serves to increase the activity of the compound, also eliminate adverse effect or toxicity associated with the parent drug. Cancer is the leading cause of deaths in world, We evaluated four natural cyclopeptides Diandrine A, Diandrine C, Fanlizhicyclopeptide A, Fanlizhicyclopeptide B, for cytotoxicity against HCT116 (Human Colorectal Carcinoma) and B16F10 (musculus skin melanoma) cells.
Escribes como hombre/Toda escritura es femenina. Entrevista a Fernanda Melchor
Authors: Nieto Luis Román
Published: November 2018

A propósito de su reciente visita a la Facultad de Letras Españolas UV, la autora de Temporada de huracanes reflexiona en esta conversación sobre su trabajo creativo: sus influencias artísticas, los procesos de construcción, su posicionamiento frente a las propuestas de otros escritores contemporáneos, frente a la perspectiva de género en el discurso narrativo, etcétera.
Novela e historia. El proceso de creación y el rescate de la memoria
Authors: Del Palacio Celia
Published: November 2018

Celia del Palacio hace un recuento sobre su formación en los campos de la literatura y la historia, reflexiona sobre el papel de la memoria en la investigación histórica y debate sobre la concepción de “lo memorable” como rasgo que permite la selección de personajes en la creación literaria. Todo esto, para dar cuenta de los motivos que la llevaron a elegir tal o cual personaje femenino mexicano en la redacción de sus novelas históricas (No me alcanzará la vida, Las mujeres de la tormenta y Hollywood era el cielo) y la razón por la que elige reelaborar las imágenes y características de dichas mujeres a través de la biografía novelada.
Essentials of surgical anatomy and technique in TAPP repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: Alius Catalin , Balalau Cristian , Dumitrescu Dan , Gradinaru Sebastian
Published: November 2018

Laparoscopic hernia repair has opened a new era in hernia surgery shifting paradigms from anterior to posterior approaches. This has exposed surgeons to new anatomical perspectives, technical challenges and clinical implications all of which preventing the technique from becoming ubiquitous despite numerous advantages, limited contraindications and low recurrence rates. In order to address the difficult learning curve of the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair this paper presents the experience and points of view from a tertiary surgical department on the systematization of anatomical concepts pertinent to the TAPP repair technique, a decalogue of suggestions related to the surgical technique and a short reminder of the most common complications and how to avoid them. Revising the anatomy essentials and proposing a decalogue of the surgical technique and a memento on the most common complications will provide young surgeons with a scaffold of basic knowledge on TAPP hernia repair.
Open versus arthroscopic surgery in acromioclavicular separation
Authors: Gavrilă Tudor M. , Cristea Ștefan
Published: November 2018

Acromioclavicular separation is a very serious injury at the level of shoulder. Lesion of the acromioclavicular joint is a usual clinical condition because of its superficial situation. It is often involved in trauma of the shoulder girdle. Rockwood classification involves VI types of modifications. First three types are treated conservatively, type IV to VI surgically. Arthroscopic techniques, lead to same middle and long-term results as open surgery. Arthroscopic procedures have theoretical advantages of no deltoid disruption and may help the surgeon to diagnose and treat associated lesions such as rotator cuff ruptures. More recently, arthroscopic surgeries for fresh and/or chronic acromioclavicular disjunctions were proposed. We analyzed 13 cases of acromioclavicular separation: 7 cases were treated with open surgery and 6 arthroscopically using tightrope, or dog bone button.
LRBA in the endomembrane system
Authors: Martínez Jaramillo Catalina , Trujillo Vargas Claudia
Published: November 2018

Bi-allelic mutations in LRBA (from Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein) result in a primary immunodeficiency with clinical features ranging from hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphoproliferative syndrome to inflammatory bowel disease and heterogeneous autoimmune manifestations. LRBA deficiency has been shown to affect vesicular trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis, which may lead to alterations of several molecules and processes that play key roles for immunity.
In this review, we will discuss the relationship of LRBA with the endovesicular system in the context of receptor trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis. Since these mechanisms of homeostasis are inherent to all living cells and not only limited to the immune system and also, because they are involved in physiological as well as pathological processes such as embryogenesis or tumoral transformation, we envisage advancing in the identification of potential pharmacological agents to manipulate these processes.
EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PROBIÓTICOS EN LA DIARREA AGUDA INFECCIOSA DE LA NFANCIA: ESTADO ACTUAL
Authors: CASTAÑEDA GUILLOT CARLOS
Published: November 2018

Introducción: Las enfermedades diarreicas agudas infecciosas en la infancia continúan representando una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad a escala mundial. Los probióticos usados como adjuvantes a las sales de rehidratación oral en su tratamiento han resultado efectivos, lo que motiva la presente evaluación sobe los criterios de elección alcanzados hasta final del año 2015. Objetivos: Determinar el papel y evaluar la selección de los probióticos aceptados en el tratamiento de la Gastroenteritis Aguda (GEA) infecciosa en la infancia al finalizar el año 2015, siguiendo las publicaciones y metanálisis más recientes de los últimos años. Material y Método: Se realiza revisión de las más importantes y trascendentes revisiones sistemáticas con el uso de probióticos en la infancia en los últimos diez años reportados por distintos grupos de expertos, talleres y en publicaciones acerca GEA infecciosas y otras causas de diarrea aguda en la infancia realizadas hasta el año 2015. Resultados: Los principales estudios e investigaciones revisadas demuestran la evidente efectividad en tres probióticos bacterianos y uno de levadura, el Saccharomyces boulardii; con disminución promedio de dos días en el cese de las diarreas desde el inicio del episodio. Conclusiones: En todos los estudios se puso en evidencia el valor de los probióticos en el tratamiento de la GEA infecciosa junto a las sales de rehidratación oral y enfatizando no interrumpir la alimentación, en el caso de lactancia materna en lactantes y sólida en el niño mayor.
TUBOS DE VENTILACIÓN EN NIÑOS SIGUIENDO LA GUÍ A DE PRÁCTICA CLÍ NICA
Authors: OTERO CAICEDO ALFREDO
Published: November 2018

Las otitis media aguda y con efusión, son causadas por una inadecuada ventilación del oído medio y la mastoides causada por disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio. Algunos estudios aleatorios controlados, bien diseñados, han documentado la eficacia de los tubos ventilatorios en tratar la otitis media con efusión y prevenir la recurrencia de otitis media aguda. La inserción de tubos de ventilación es un procedimiento quirúrgico realizado en niños, que evita entre otras, hipoacusia, retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje, pobre desempeño escolar, alteraciones en la calidad de vida y colesteatoma, laberintitis, meningitis y trombosis del seno sigmoide.
ALIMENTACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN EL PRIMER AÑO DE VIDA
Authors: REALPE MUÑOZ ANA MARÍA , ORTIZ RUIZ HUMBERTO
Published: November 2018

La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la alimentación complementaria como “el acto de recibir alimentos sólidos o líquidos (excepto medicamentos en gotas y jarabes) diferentes a la leche, durante el tiempo que el lactante está recibiendo leche materna o fórmula infantil”. El primer año es un período de la vida crítico y fundamental, en el que se establecen unos hábitos nutricionales para conseguir el crecimiento adecuado y evitar las enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación. El inicio de la alimentación complementaria implica un periodo de transición entre los alimentos líquidos y la alimentación del resto de la vida que es principalmente solida.