bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Umur Ibu dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Bersalin di Kabupaten Bulukumba Tahun 2017
Authors: Nurlaily Andi , Rusnawati Rusnawati
Published: October 2019

Kematian ibu di Indonesia masih di dominasi oleh tiga, penyebab utama kematian yaitu perdarahan, hipertensi dalam kehamilan meliputi (preeklampsia-eklampsia) dan infeksi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain historical kohort. Dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bersalin, dengan tekhnik sampling menggunakan Cluster, Proporsionale, System Random Sampling dengan 332 sampel. Hasil uji statistic (Uji Chi square) yang dilakukan, didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,00. Nilai p lebih kecil dari nilai α 0,05 (0.00<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu bersalin di Kabupaten Bulukumba tahun 2017.
Analisis Faktor Kepuasan Pasien BPJS JKRA dengan Kinerja Perawat di Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Andika Fauziah
Published: October 2019

Berdasarkan observasi awal yang dilakukan di rawat inap kelas III RSUD Meuraxa sebagai penerima jasa pelayanan kesehatan BPJS JKRA, keluarga peserta mengeluh kurang puas dengan pelayanan kesehatan yang diterimanya. Mereka menganggap bahwa pasien yang menjadi peserta BPJS JKRA mendapat pelayanan dan perlakuan yang berbeda dengan pasien lain.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kepuasan pasien BPJS JKRA dengan kinerja  perawat di rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik, dengan total sampel 100 pasien. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah accidental sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 7 Mei sampai dengan 12  Mei 2018. Cara pengumpulan data dengan cara membagikan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan pasien  BPJS JKRA menurut aspek Bukti fisik didapatkan p value 0,023, kehandalan p value 0,000, kepedulian p value 0,055, empati p value 0,003, jaminan p value 0,035 dengan kinerja perawat di rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepuasan pasien BPJS JKRA menurut aspek bukti fisik, kehandalan, empati, jaminan dengan kinerja perawat di rawat inap RSUD Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Dan tidak terdapat hubungan kepuasan pasien BPJS JKRA menurut aspek kepedulian dengan kinerja perawat di rawat inap RSUD Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian BBLR di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peudada Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Septiani Minda , Ulfa Maria
Published: October 2019

World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan lebih dari 2/3 kematian  neonatus disebabkan oleh BBLR yaitu berat badan lahir kurang dari 2500 gram. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bireuen pada tahun 2017  jumlah BBLR sebanyak 266 kasus dari 8.746 jumlah kelahiran bayi (3%). Kasus BBLR tertinggi di Kabupaten Bireuen adalah di Kecamatan Peudada yaitu sebanyak 30 kasus dari 568 jumlah kelahiran hidup (5,2%). Jenis penelitian adalah studi analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan bayi BBLR dan bukan BBLR di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peudada. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan dari populasi yang berjumlah 30 kasus dan 30 kontrol. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-Square pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel usia hamil berisiko berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR dengan nilai p- value = 0,008 dan OR = 5,231. Variabel paritas berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR dengan nilai p- value = 0,034 dan OR = 3,755. Variabel usia kehamilan berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR dengan nilai p- value = 0,012 dan OR = 8,105. Variabel kekurangan energi kronik berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR dengan nilai p- value = 0,007 dan OR = 5,714. Variabel kunjungan ANC berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR dengan nilai p- value = 0,036 dan OR = 3,596. Disarankan Kepada tenaga kesehatan dan Puskesmas Peudada, untuk memberikan pelayanan, pendidikan, penyuluhan dan menggalakkan program untuk mengatasi masalah yang terkait dengan kejadian BBLR.
Hubungan Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Leimioma Uteri di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh
Authors: Nufra Yolla Asmaul , Azimar Azimar
Published: October 2019

Mioma uteri adalah tumor jinak otot polos uterus yang terdiri dari sel-sel jaringan otot polos, jaringan pengikat fibroid dan kolagen. Mioma uteri terjadi pada 20%-25% perempuan diusia reproduktif, Faktor-faktor risiko seperti umur, paritas, umur menarche dan riwayat keluarga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya mioma uteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis Hubungan Faktor Risiko Kejadian Leimioma Uteri Di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh Tahun 2018. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi analitik dengan pendekatan case-control, dipelajari secara retrospektif. Populasi adalah ibu mengalami mioma uteri priode Maret-Juli 2018 sebanyak 152 responden dan perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Odd Ratio (OR) dengan jumlah sampel 76 case dan 76 kontrol, teknik pengambilan sampel konsekutive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji statistik Chi Square. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara umur dengan kejadian mioma uteri (p-value = 0,000 OR=4.317), tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian mioma uteri (p-value = 0,003 OR= 2.792), terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia menarche dengan kejadian mioma uteri (p-value = 0,002 OR=3.068) dan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian mioma uteri (p-value = 0,002 OR=3.201). Bagi Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Aceh khususnya Kepala Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat yang membawahi Seksi Promosi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat agar dapat melakukan berbagai upaya, guna mengatasi masalah mioma uteri dan dapat diteruskan melalui Unit Pelaksanaan Teknis Daerah (UPTD) Bapelkes.
Role of Private Companies In The Future’s Intelligence Management; Analysis Of The Us Intelligency System Within This Scope
Authors: DARICILI Ali Burak
Published: October 2019

Following the war waged against radical terror under the leadership of United States of America upon the September 11 attacks, a remarkable increase has been recorded in private companies’ significance and roles in intelligence system. Due to changing threat perceptions, threats’ becoming asymmetrical and increased demands for risk analyses required by global companies for their international investments, private intelligence companies have entered into a major development process. In this period, completely profit-oriented private intelligence companies have gained a wide-ranging movement area through occasional support and guidance of intelligence services of their country. In addition to this, for recent years, thanks to the developing economic strengths and intelligence network of the given companies, they have almost begun to work as an intelligence service and provide services to their customers. As a consequence, it is evident that private intelligence companies will play a crucial role in intelligence management of the future. In this respect, this study will primarily examine the roles of private intelligence companies in the USA’s intelligence system where they efficiently operate, and problems they arise. And thus, functions of private intelligence companies, whose influence on intelligence management will rapidly enhance, within the USA’s system will be analysed and therefore, on global scale, efficiency of such kind of companies on future’s intelligence management will be revealed.
Reorientasi Pemikiran Al-Ghzali Tentang Maslahah Mursalah Dengan Pembaruan Hukum Islam
Authors: Suratmaputra Ahmad Munif
Published: October 2019

Wahyu terbagi menjadi dua istilah yakni wahyu matluw, yaitu al-Qur‟an al-Karim, dan wahyu gairu matluw, yaitu as-Sunnah dan al-Hadis. Kehadiran hukum Allah atau hukum Islam (ahkam syar‟iyyah) yang harus dijadikan pedoman dan acuan untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan bagi umat manusia. Atas dasar ini, para pakar fiqh dan ushul fiqh telah konsensus bahwa maslahat atau kemaslahatan merupakan tujuan inti pensyari‟ atau hukum Islam : sehingga muncullah ungkapan yang sangat populer dikalangan mereka : فثم حكم الله أينما كانت الدصلحة (dimana ada maslahat, disanalah ada hukum Allah).Menyadari bahwa tidak semua masalah kehidupan ini hukumnya ditemukan didalam al-Qur‟an dan as-Sunnah/Hadis, Islam meletakkan prinsip-prinsip umum dan kaidah-kaidah dasar yang dapat dijadikan oleh ahl az-Zikri (para mujtahid) untuk mengembangkan hukum Islam dan memecahkan masalah-masalah baru melalui ijtihad. Salah satu prinsip umum dan kaidah dasar yang diletakkan oleh Islam ialah bahwa tujuan pokok tujuan pensyar‟i atau hukum Islam adalah untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan (jalb al-masalaih). Dari prinsip inilah prinsip para imam mujtahid dan pakar ushul fiqh mengembangkan hukum Islam dan berusaha memecahkan masalah-masalah baru yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam yang belum ada penegasan hukumnya di dalam al-Qur‟an dan as-Sunnah melalui qiyas, istihsan, maslahah mursalah dan sad az-Zari‟ah.Al-Ghazali (450–505 H.) sebagai pakar ushul fiqh dari kalangan madzhab Syafi‟i, mempunyai pemikiran-pemikiran yang cukup menarik tentang maslahah mursalah. Pandangannya tentang maslahah mursalah merupakan jalan tengah antara pihak-pihak yang sama sekali tidak mempergunakan maslahah mursalah sebagai dalil hukum dan mereka yang begitu berani dalam menjadikan maslahah mursalah.
Studi Living Qur'an Di Kalangan Narapidana : Studi Kasus Pesantren At-Taubah Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kab. Cianjur-Jawa Barat
Authors: Fitriana Muhammad Azizan
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji interaksi santri Pondok Pesantren Terpadu at-Taubah Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Cianjur dengan Al-Qur`an dalam bentuk riyadhah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitis yang bersifat kualitatif dengan model Living Qur`an, melalui pendekatan sosiologis, fenomenologis, dan psikologis. Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa santri Pondok Pesantren Terpadu At-Taubah Lapas Cianjur memahami kegunaan dan fungsi ayat-ayat Al-Qur`an yang digunakan dalam kegiatan riyadhah dalam konteksnya sebagai doa.
Kohesi Metode Tamyiz Dalam Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Pesantren Takhasus Bayt Tamyiz Indramayu
Authors: Hairani Esi , Faizah Nadjematul , Muzayyanah Muzayyanah , Izzah Nur
Published: October 2019

Diversitas metodologi dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab dan aspek terkait lainnya telah banyak diproklamirkan oleh beberapa cendikiawan, mulai dari metodologi yang bersifat klasik (metode iqra`, qira`ati, baghdadi, al-barqi, maisura, amsilati) hingga metodologi yang berbasis elektronik). Dan salah satu metode yang masih eksis sampai saat ini adalah metode Tamyiz yang diaplikasikan pada pembelajaran teori dasar nahwu-shorof di Pesantren Takhasus Bayt Tamyiz di Indramayu. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa metode Tamyiz memiliki pebedaaan dengan metode bahasa Arab lainnya, yaitu dengan mempelajari segala hal tentang bahasa Arab dengan hanya memformulasikan teori dasar nahwu-shorof quantum dengan cara pembelajaran yang mudah (easy) dan menyenangkan (fun), adapun langkah metodis dalam metode Tamyiz adalah sebagai berikut : pertama, menghadirkan guru dalam kelas sebagai fasilitator, kedua, metode Tamyiz tidak ada ijazah, dikatakan mampu adalah dengan mengajarkan para juniornya dengan dimonitoring dan evaluasi dari Ustadz, ketiga, memaksimalkan metode menghafal dan mengulangnya, keempat, dielaborasi dengan metode madkhal, manhaj, kelima, tutorial sebaya atau teknik scaffolding atau gunakan kawan sesama murid yang lebih ahli sebagai guru, keenam, kelas formal SMP dibagi berdasarkan jenjang semester kurikulum nasional pendidikan dan dipisah dalam waktunya lalu dilakukan tamyiz tersendiri, ketujuah, metode pembelajaran Tamyiz juga aplikasikan pada mata pelajaran umum lainnya, dan kedelapan, tamyiz Icon Indramayu masih belum optimal karena tidak mengikuti sistem pembelajaran Tamyiz sesuai dengan apa yang telah digariskan oleh penemu metode Tamyiz Abaza, MM.
Kontributor Pemikiran Hadis di Indonesia : Studi Kajian Hadis di Indonesia dari Perorangan Hingga Lembaga
Authors: Zami Muttaqin Al-Zam
Published: October 2019

Pemuka-pemuka muslim di Indonesia dan bahkan juga lembaga Islamnya ikut serta dalam mengkaji hadis Nabi Muhammad Saw. dan kajiannya menjadi sumbangan akademik dalam bidang hadis. Dalam kajian ini difokuskan dengan empat tokoh dan dua lembaga. Empat tokoh terseut ialah: Pertama: Syaikh Mahfudz at-Tarmasi yang dilahirkan di Desa Termas, yang memiliki karya dalam bidang hadis dengan judul Manhaj Zawi al-Nazar Syarh Manzumah al-Asar dan Al-Khil‟ah al-Fikriyyah bi Syarh al-Minhah al-Khairiyyah. Kedua: Muhammad Syuhudi Ismail, Ia telah melakukan takhrij al-hadis dan al-i‟tibar serta meneliti pribadi periwayat dan metode periwayatannya. Ketiga: Teungku Muhammad Hasbi al-Shiddieqy, ia telah memberikan ta`rif hadis dan sunnah, dan juga menjelaskan posisi hadis sebagai hujjah, serta kedudukan ilmu rijalul hadis. Keempat: Kamaruddin Amin, Pemikirannya terhadap hadis ialah mengenai metode isnad cum matn analysis, mengenai kullu shahabah „udul, kritik terhadap pakar hadis muslim modern, kritik terhadap teori common link, dan kritik terhadap teori argumentum e silentio. Sedangkan kontributor dari lembaga Islam Indonesia, penulis mengambil dua sampel, yaitu Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII) dan Persatuan Islam (PERSIS). LDII memandang hadis dha‟if seperti halnya hadis palsu, sedangkan PERSIS memandang hadis tersebut tidak bisa dijadikan hujjah dalam agama, kecuali dalam kasus tertentu yang mendesak keperluannya untuk sekedar sebagai pembatas.
Optimalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Mewujudkan Goodgovernance
Authors: Sadari Sadari , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Rafiqah Rafiqah
Published: October 2019

Humanisme religius telah mengantarkan pada era kesadaran bahwa peradaban manusia harus memiliki dua arus yang saling menunjang. Selama ini arus balik dalam bidang ekonomi hanya menonjolkan arus balik vertikal atas kebawah (model top down) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, sedangkan di sisi lain mengesampingkan arus balik vertikal dari bawah ke atas (model bottom up) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga dampaknya adalah adanya kesenjangan ekonomi yang sangat tajam. Paper ini mewujudkan peran penting, yakni menghubungkan dua arus tersebut secara timbal-balik, yakni mempertemukan arus pertama dengan arus balik kedua, sehingga akan menghasilkan dampak yang positif, progresif, kreatif dan produktif, kemudian pada akhirnya akan dapat meng-optomal-kan ekonomi syariah untuk menciptakan goodgovernance, post goodgovernance secara berkelanjutan, tentunya dengan bantuan peran media kontemporer yang kian update. Ekonomi syariah juga merupakan pilar dan nilai dasar, dari sikap keyakinan dan sikap rasionalitas untuk sanggup menciptakan terwujudnya pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan sekaligus pengentasan kemiskinan dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.
Radiation instability in a split-cavity resonator
Authors: Maroz Illia V. , Rouba Anatoly A.
Published: October 2019

The interaction of an electron beam with the electromagnetic field of a split resonator that consists of a hollow cylindrical resonator and a conducting grid dividing it into coupled sections was considered. In the small-signal approximation, taking into account the space charge of the beam for an asymmetric resonator, the expression for the energy loss by the electron passing through the system was obtained. Within the chosen approximation, it was shown that a resonator with equal length sections provides greater efficiency in the transfer of energy from a charged particles beam to an electromagnetic field in comparison with an asymmetric system configuration. It was found that the interaction of an electron with a space charge in a split resonator leads to the increase of the radiation beam instability with the increase of its density. The effect of current modulation of the electron beam passing through the system was studied. It was shown that the resonator size increase leads to the increase of the amplitude of the beam current variable component at the system output. The increase of the current density of the beam entering the interaction region also leads to the increase of the modulation efficiency. The possibility of increasing the modulated current amplitude in a system with unequal sections was considered.
Determination of microscopical parameters of heterogeneous carbon materials
Authors: Dorosinets Vladimir A. , Borisov Victor A.
Published: October 2019

Experimental studies of the temperature dependence of the resistance and magnetoresistance of the composite metal-carbon samples C(Co), which show the effect of weak localization, have been carried out. The magnetoresistance at a temperature T = 2.2 K is alternating, which is explained by the spin-orbit interaction. Analysis of the magnetoresistance curves made it possible to calculate the values of the parameters characterizing the phase loss time in inelastic scattering and the spin-orbit interaction time. For the parameter characterizing the elastic scattering time, the minimum value was estimated.
Surface modification and sputtering of FeCrAl alloys exposed to low-energy hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Tolstolutskaya Galina D. , Tikhonovsky Michael A. , Voyevodin Victor N. , Nikitin Arkadiy V. , Tortika Aleksander S. , Vasilenko Ruslan L.
Published: October 2019

In the present paper processes of sputtering and surface modification of commercial and experimental FeCrAl composites alloyed with yttrium, molybdenum and zirconium were investigated. Using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, it was shown that under the influence of low-energy (500 eV) hydrogen plasma with a flux about 3.2 ⋅ 1020 m–2 ⋅ s–1 and fluence 4 ⋅ 1024 m–2 at Troom, surface morphology develops due to the formation of grooves along grain boundaries, macro- and microcracks, as well as intragranular pits due to the sputtering of precipitates. Determination of the composition of precipitates by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer allowed to establish that aluminum oxide is preferentially distributed in the grains of FeCrAl-based alloys, and yttrium oxides are localized along grain boundaries. Results of erosion studies indicated that the sputtering yields for hydrogen on all alloys are 1.05– 0.38 at./ion and doesn’t exceed those for published data for pure iron and chromium. For experimental alloys doped with yttrium and molybdenum found that the obtained sputtering coefficients were in several times lower than for steel SS304 and only one and a half times higher compared to tungsten.
Anger, Agency and Action in Black and White: Racial Efficacy, Emotion & Political Behavior
Authors: Phoenix Davin , Chan Nathan
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the role of racial group efficacy in shaping the emotions and political behavior of Black and White Americans. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey and an original survey experiment, we show significant variations in how Black and White people view their political influence as individuals and as members of collective racial groups. We uncover patterns that question whether the linkage between efficacy and anger as demonstrated by extant scholarship is effectively applicable to African Americans. Finally, we show that racial group efficacy is a stronger predictor of political behavior than conventional efficacy measures—particularly for African Americans. We discuss how a focus on racial group efficacy can greatly inform our understanding of racial divergences in political participation.
Glyphosate Bioremediation through the Sarcosine Oxidase Pathway Mediated by Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Soils Cultivated with Potatoes
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Mario , Melo Carol , Jiménez Elizabeth , Dussán Jenny
Published: October 2019

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) use has increased drastically over the last decade. This is true especially for potato crops due to their fast harvest cycle and high market demand. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified glyphosate and its breakdown product amidomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) as probably carcinogenic to humans, and it has been reported that these compounds disrupt the ecological and nutritional equilibrium of soils. However, microorganisms with the sarcosine oxidase gene, such as Lysinibacillus sphaericus, can degrade glyphosate through the Carbon-Phosphorus (C-P) pathway without leading to AMPA production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) L. sphaericus as a bioremediation agent in a potato crop sprayed with a GBH, in conjunction with the nitrogen fixation activity mediated by the bacteria. To that end, a GBH solution was used to treat a potato field, and different treatments (glyphosate (G), bacteria (B), bacteria+glyphosate (BG), and negative control (C)) were evaluated by measuring the glyphosate, AMPA, nitrates, and ammonium concentrations. BG treatment showed a 79% reduction of glyphosate concentration in soil, leading to minimal AMPA production, compared to the 23% reduction observed after G treatment. Furthermore, the ammonium concentrations were significantly higher in samples treated with BG and in C samples (p < 0.005). Therefore, we propose the addition of L. sphaericus as a good bioremediation strategy for soils sprayed with GBH.
In-Season Diagnosis of Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status in Smallholder Farmer Fields Across a Village Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Remote Sensing
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Miao Yuxin , Lu Junjun , Zhou Lan , Li Yue , Zhang Hongyan , Lou Weidong , Zhang Zheng , Kusnierek Krzysztof , Liu Changhua
Published: October 2019

Improving nitrogen (N) management of small-scale farming systems in developing countries is crucially important for food security and sustainable development of world agriculture, but it is also very challenging. The N Nutrition Index (NNI) is a reliable indicator for crop N status, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective method to non-destructively estimate crop NNI in different smallholder farmer fields to guide in-season N management. The eBee fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system, a ready-to-deploy aircraft with a Parrot Sequoia+ multispectral camera onboard, has been used for applications in precision agriculture. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the potential of using fixed-wing UAV-based multispectral remote sensing for non-destructive estimation of winter wheat NNI in different smallholder farmer fields across the study village in the North China Plain (NCP) and (ii) develop a practical strategy for village-scale winter wheat N status diagnosis in small scale farming systems. Four plot experiments were conducted within farmer fields in 2016 and 2017 in a village of Laoling County, Shandong Province in the NCP for evaluation of a published critical N dilution curve and for serving as reference plots. UAV remote sensing images were collected from all the fields across the village in 2017 and 2018. About 150 plant samples were collected from farmer fields and plot experiments each year for ground truthing. Two indirect and two direct approaches were evaluated for estimating NNI using vegetation indices (VIs). To facilitate practical applications, the performance of three commonly used normalized difference VIs were compared with the top performing VIs selected from 59 tested indices. The most practical and stable method was using VIs to calculate N sufficiency index (NSI) and then to estimate NNI non-destructively (R2 = 0.53–0.56). Using NSI thresholds to diagnose N status directly was quite stable, with a 57–59% diagnostic accuracy rate. This strategy is practical and least affected by the choice of VIs across fields, varieties, and years. This study demonstrates that fixed-wing UAV–based remote sensing is a promising technology for in-season diagnosis of winter wheat N status in smallholder farmer fields at village scale. The considerable variability in local soil conditions and crop management practices influenced the overall accuracy of N diagnosis, so more studies are needed to further validate and optimize the reported strategy and consecutively develop practical UAV remote sensing–based in-season N recommendation methods.
Relationship between Selenium and Hematological Markers in Young Adults with Normal Weight or Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Larvie Doreen Yvonne , Doherty Jeanne Lynn , Donati George L. , Armah Seth Mensah
Published: October 2019

Selenium deficiency has been linked to anemia of inflammation, which is mediated by hepcidin. However, there are few studies providing evidence of the role of hepcidin in this relationship. In this study, we investigated the interrelationships among selenium biomarkers, hepcidin concentration, and iron status among individuals with overweight/obesity compared to their normal weight counterparts, since obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. A total of 59 college students were recruited for this study. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of iron status, plasma selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and selenoprotein P (SEPP1)), and plasma hepcidin. Subjects completed three-day dietary records to determine average daily nutrient intakes. SEPP1 concentration, GPX activity, and iron status biomarkers (serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin concentration) were lower among individuals with overweight/obesity compared with individuals with normal weight, but these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Regression analysis showed that GPX activity (β = −0.018, p = 0.008) and SEPP1 concentration (β = −1.24, p = 0.03) were inversely associated with hepcidin concentration. The inverse association between selenoproteins and hepcidin concentration supports a potential role of hepcidin as a mediator between selenium and iron status and warrants further studies to better understand this relationship.
Enhancing Thermal Stability and Bioaccesibility of Açaí Fruit Polyphenols through Electrohydrodynamic Encapsulation into Zein Electrosprayed Particles
Authors: López de Dicastillo Carol , Piña Constanza , Garrido Luan , Arancibia Carla , Galotto María José
Published: October 2019

The açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is well known for its high content of antioxidant compounds, especially anthocyanins, which provide beneficial health properties. The incorporation of this fruit is limited to food products whose processing does not involve the use of high temperatures due to the low thermal stability of these functional components. The objective of this work was the encapsulation of açaí fruit antioxidants into electrosprayed zein, a heat-resistant protein, to improve their bioavailability and thermal resistance. First, the hydroalcoholic açaí extract was selected due to its high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities, and, subsequently, it was successfully encapsulated in electrosprayed zein particles. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the resulting particles presented cavities with an average size of 924 nm. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed certain chemical interaction between the active compounds and zein. Encapsulation efficiency was approximately 70%. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the encapsulated extract on protecting polyphenolic content after high-temperature treatments, such as sterilization (121 °C) and baking (180 °C). Bioaccesibility studies also indicated an increase of polyphenols presence after in vitro digestion stages of encapsulated açaí fruit extract in contrast with the unprotected extract.
Adenosine Derivates as Antioxidant Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, in Vitro Activity, and Theoretical Insights
Authors: Valdes Francisco , Brown Nelson , Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Prent-Peñaloza Luis , Gutierrez Margarita
Published: October 2019

In this work, we present results about the synthesis and the antioxidant properties of seven adenosine derivatives. Four of these compounds were synthesized by substituting the N6-position of adenosine with aliphatic amines, and three were obtained by modification of the ribose ring. All compounds were obtained in pure form using column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). All adenosine derivatives were further evaluated in vitro as free radical scavengers. Our results show that compounds 1c, 3, and 5 display a potent antioxidant effect compared with the reference compound ascorbic acid. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) calculations show favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for the set of compounds analyzed, which guarantees their suitability as potential antioxidant drugs. Furthermore, theoretical analyses using Molecular Quantum Similarity and reactivity indices were performed in order to discriminate the different reactive sites involved in oxidative processes.
Comparison of the Oxidative Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Oils Extracted from Seeds of Colliguaya integerrima and Cynara cardunculus under Normal Conditions and After Thermal Treatment
Authors: Abril Diana , Mirabal-Gallardo Yaneris , González Aymeé , Marican Adolfo , Durán-Lara Esteban F. , Silva Santos Leonardo , Valdés Oscar
Published: October 2019

We investigated the potential of two oil extracts from seeds of Colliguaya integerrima (CIO) and Cynara cardunculus (CO) to use as nutritionally edible oils. For this purpose, oil quality was accessed by determining the fatty acid composition, peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, saponification number, phenolic contents, and oxidative stability during thermally induced oxidation of CIO and CO oils and compared to those of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The chemical composition results demonstrated that both oils could be nutritional sources of essential unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, according to the gravimetric analysis, the main decomposition step occurred in the temperature range of 200–420 °C, showing a similar thermal behavior of EVOO oil. However, CO and EVOO oils showed a higher phenolic content at degradation onset temperature (T0) in contrast with CIO oil. The antioxidant activity of the different studied oils showed a direct correlation with the phenol contents, up to temperatures around 180 °C, where the percentage of free radical scavenging assay for EVOO was higher than CO in contrast with the TPC values. Finally, we analyzed the minor components before and after heating CIO and CO at 180 °C by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using library search programs.
SmartFog: Training the Fog for the Energy-Saving Analytics of Smart-Meter Data
Authors: Scarpiniti Michele , Baccarelli Enzo , Momenzadeh Alireza , Uncini Aurelio
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we characterize the main building blocks and numerically verify the classification accuracy and energy performance of SmartFog, a distributed and virtualized networked Fog technological platform for the support for Stacked Denoising Auto-Encoder (SDAE)-based anomaly detection in data flows generated by Smart-Meters (SMs). In SmartFog, the various layers of an SDAE are pretrained at different Fog nodes, in order to distribute the overall computational efforts and, then, save energy. For this purpose, a new Adaptive Elitist Genetic Algorithm (AEGA) is “ad hoc” designed to find the optimized allocation of the SDAE layers to the Fog nodes. Interestingly, the proposed AEGA implements a (novel) mechanism that adaptively tunes the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the AEGA, in order to quickly escape the attraction basins of local minima of the underlying energy objective function and, then, speed up the convergence towards global minima. As a matter of fact, the main distinguishing feature of the resulting SmartFog paradigm is that it accomplishes the joint integration on a distributed Fog computing platform of the anomaly detection functionality and the minimization of the resulting energy consumption. The reported numerical tests support the effectiveness of the designed technological platform and point out that the attained performance improvements over some state-of-the-art competing solutions are around 5%, 68% and 30% in terms of detection accuracy, execution time and energy consumption, respectively.
Rheological Behavior of High Cell Density Pseudomonas putida LS46 Cultures during Production of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Polymers
Authors: Blunt Warren , Gaugler Marc , Collet Christophe , Sparling Richard , Gapes Daniel J. , Levin David B. , Cicek Nazim
Published: October 2019

The rheology of high-cell density (HCD) cultures is an important parameter for its impact on mixing and sparging, process scale-up, and downstream unit operations in bioprocess development. In this work, time-dependent rheological properties of HCD Pseudomonas putida LS46 cultures were monitored for microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. As the cell density of the fed-batch cultivation increased (0 to 25 g·L−1 cell dry mass, CDM), the apparent viscosity increased nearly nine-fold throughout the fed-batch process. The medium behaved as a nearly Newtonian fluid at lower cell densities, and became increasingly shear-thinning as the cell density increased. However, shear-thickening behavior was observed at shearing rates of approximately 75 rad·s−1 or higher, and its onset increased with viscosity of the sample. The supernatant, which contained up to 9 g·L−1 soluble organic material, contributed more to the observed viscosity effect than did the presence of cells. Owing to this behavior, the oxygen transfer performance of the bioreactor, for otherwise constant operating conditions, was reduced by 50% over the cultivation time. This study has shown that the dynamic rheology of HCD cultures is an important engineering parameter that may impact the final outcome in PHA cultivations. Understanding and anticipating this behavior and its biochemical origins could be important for improving overall productivity, yield, process scalability, and the efficacy of downstream processing unit operations.
Allogenic Faecal Microbiota Transfer Induces Immune-Related Gene Sets in the Colon Mucosa of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Holster Savanne , Hooiveld Guido J. , Repsilber Dirk , de Vos Willem M. , Brummer Robert J. , König Julia
Published: October 2019

Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) consists of the introduction of new microbial communities into the intestine of a patient, with the aim of restoring a disturbed gut microbiota. Even though it is used as a potential treatment for various diseases, it is unknown how the host mucosa responds to FMT. This study aims to investigate the colonic mucosa gene expression response to allogenic (from a donor) or autologous (own) FMT in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In a recently conducted randomised, double-blinded, controlled clinical study, 17 IBS patients were treated with FMT by colonoscopy. RNA was isolated from colonic biopsies collected by sigmoidoscopy at baseline, as well as two weeks and eight weeks after FMT. In patients treated with allogenic FMT, predominantly immune response-related gene sets were induced, with the strongest response two weeks after the FMT. In patients treated with autologous FMT, predominantly metabolism-related gene sets were affected. Furthermore, several microbiota genera showed correlations with immune-related gene sets, with different correlations found after allogenic compared to autologous FMT. This study shows that the microbe–host response is influenced by FMT on the mucosal gene expression level, and that there are clear differences in response to allogenic compared to autologous FMT.
The Reverse Side of a Coin: “Factor-Free” Ribosomal Protein Synthesis In Vitro is a Consequence of the In Vivo Proofreading Mechanism
Authors: Finkelstein Alexei V.
Published: October 2019

This paper elucidates a close connection between two well-known facts that until now have seemed independent: (i) the quality control (“proofreading”) of the emerging amino acid sequence, occurring during the normal, elongation-factor-dependent ribosomal biosynthesis, which is performed by removing those Aa-tRNAs (aminoacyl tRNAs) whose anticodons are not complementary to the exhibited mRNA codons, and (ii) the in vitro discovered existence of the factor-free ribosomal synthesis of polypeptides. It is shown that a biological role of proofreading is played by a process that is exactly opposite to the step of factor-free binding of Aa-tRNA to the ribosome-exposed mRNA: a factor-free removal of that Aa-tRNA whose anticodon is not complementary to the ribosome-exhibited mRNA codon.
A Simple Approach for the Design of Ductile Earthquake-Resisting Frame Structures Counting for P-Delta Effect
Authors: Shehu Rafael , Angjeliu Grigor , Bilgin Huseyin
Published: October 2019

In the last decades, the possibility to use the inelastic capacities of structures have driven the seismic design philosophy to conceive structures with ductile elements, able to obtain large deformations without compromising structural safety. In particular, the utilization of high-strength elements combined with the purpose of reducing inertial masses of the construction has highlighted the second-order effect as a result of the “lightweight” structure’s flexibility. Computational aspects of inclusion of the second-order effects in the structural analysis remain an open issue and the most common method in the current design practices uses the stability coefficient θ The stability coefficient estimates the ratio between the second-order effect and lateral loads’ effects. This coefficient is used then to amplify the lateral loads’ effects in order to consider the second-order effects, within a certain range proposed by codes of practices. In the present paper, we propose a simple approach, as an alternative to the stability coefficient method, in order to take into consideration P-Delta effects for earthquake-resisting ductile frame structures in the design process. The expected plastic deformations, which can be assessed by the behavior factor and the elastic deformations of the structure, are expected to magnify the P-Delta effects compared to those estimated from an elastic approach. The real internal forces are approximated by modifying the stiffness matrix of the structure in such a way as to provide a compatible amplification effect. This concept is herein implemented with a three-step procedure and illustrated with well-documented case studies from the current literature. The obtained results show that the method, although simple, provides a good approximation compared to more refined and computationally expensive methods. The proposed method seems promising for facilitating the design computations and increasing the accuracy of the internal forces considering the second-order effects and the amplification from the inelastic deformations.
Clinical Practice Use of Liquid Biopsy to Identify RAS/BRAF Mutations in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Vitiello Pietro Paolo , De Falco Vincenzo , Giunta Emilio Francesco , Ciardiello Davide , Cardone Claudia , Vitale Pasquale , Zanaletti Nicoletta , Borrelli Carola , Poliero Luca , Terminiello Marinella , Arrichiello Gianluca , Caputo Vincenza , Famiglietti Vincenzo , Mattera Iacono Valentina , Marrone Francesca , Di Liello Alessandra , Martini Giulia , Napolitano Stefania , Caraglia Michele , Lombardi Angela , Franco Renato , De Vita Ferdinando , Morgillo Floriana , Troiani Teresa , Ciardiello Fortunato , Martinelli Erika
Published: October 2019

Tumor heterogeneity represents a possible cause of error in detecting predictive genetic alterations on tumor tissue and can be overcome by testing alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using liquid biopsy. We assessed 72 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) using Idylla™ Biocartis, a fully automated platform that evaluates the most frequent mutations of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes. We correlated the results of liquid biopsy and standard tissue-based next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses to patient clinical features. The overall agreement was 81.94%. Concordance was 85.71% and 96.15% in treatment-naïve patients and in the patient subgroup with liver metastases, respectively. In liver metastases positive, treatment-naïve patients, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 92.31%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Circulating mutational fraction (CMF) was significantly higher in patients with liver metastases and high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. In a subgroup of patients pre-treated with anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) agents, emerging KRAS mutations were evidenced in 33% of cases. Testing RAS/BRAF mutations on plasma using the Idylla™ Biocartis platform is feasible and reliable in mCRC patients in clinical practice.
KRAS Mutations Predict Response and Outcome in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving First-Line Bevacizumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Ghimessy Áron Kristof , Gellert Áron , Schlegl Erzsebet , Hegedus Balazs , Raso Erzsebet , Barbai Tamas , Timar Jozsef , Ostoros Gyula , Megyesfalvi Zsolt , Gieszer Balazs , Moldvay Judit , Renyi-Vamos Ferenc , Lohinai Zoltan , Hoda Mir Alireza , Klikovits Thomas , Klepetko Walter , Laszlo Viktoria , Dome Balazs
Published: October 2019

Bevacizumab, combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, has been widely used in the treatment of advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Although KRAS (V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mutation is the most common genetic alteration in human LADC and its role in promoting angiogenesis has been well established, its prognostic and predictive role in the above setting remains unclear. The association between KRAS exon 2 mutational status and clinicopathological variables including progression-free survival and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively) was retrospectively analyzed in 501 Caucasian stage IIIB-IV LADC patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (CHT) with or without bevacizumab (BEV). EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-mutant cases were excluded. Of 247 BEV/CHT and 254 CHT patients, 95 (38.5%) and 75 (29.5%) had mutations in KRAS, respectively. KRAS mutation was associated with smoking (p = 0.008) and female gender (p = 0.002) in the BEV/CHT group. We found no difference in OS between patients with KRAS-mutant versus KRAS wild-type tumors in the CHT-alone group (p = 0.6771). Notably, patients with KRAS-mutant tumors demonstrated significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.0255) and OS (p = 0.0186) in response to BEV/CHT compared to KRAS wild-type patients. KRAS mutation was an independent predictor of shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 0.597; p = 0.011) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.645; p = 0.012) in the BEV/CHT group. G12D KRAS-mutant patients receiving BEV/CHT showed significantly shorter PFS (3.7 months versus 8.27 months in the G12/13x group; p = 0.0032) and OS (7.2 months versus 16.1 months in the G12/13x group; p = 0.0144). In this single-center, retrospective study, KRAS-mutant LADC patients receiving BEV/CHT treatment exhibited inferior PFS and OS compared to those with KRAS wild-type advanced LADC. G12D mutations may define a subset of KRAS-mutant LADC patients unsuitable for antiangiogenic therapy with BEV.
Differences between the Proliferative Effects of Human Platelet Lysate and Fetal Bovine Serum on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Kakudo Natsuko , Morimoto Naoki , Ma Yuanyuan , Kusumoto Kenji
Published: October 2019

Background: Recently, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were discovered in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue. PLTMax Human Platelet Lysate (PLTMax), a supplement refined from human platelets, has been reported to have proliferative effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The proliferative effects of PLTMax on ASCs were investigated in this study. Methods: The ASCs in DMEM (serum-free), DMEM+PLTMax (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%), and DMEM+FBS (10%) were cultivated for two, five, and seven days. The cell growth rate was examined, BrdU incorporation, and the cell cycle and Ki-67 immunostaining were performed. The cell growth rate was investigated when each inhibitor (PD98059, SP600125, SB203580, and LY294002) was added and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and Akt were examined by western blotting. The cell surface marker of hASCs was also analyzed. Results: The cells in the PLTMax (5%) group showed significantly more proliferation compared to the cells in control (serum-free) and FBS (10%) groups, and a significant increase in the number of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase. The number of Ki-67 positive cells increased significantly in the DMEM+ PLTMax (5%) and the FBS (10%) groups. The addition of inhibitors PD98059, SP600125, SB203580, and LY294002 decreased the proliferative effects of PLTMax on ASCs. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and Akt was observed in both the PLTMax (5%) and the FBS (10%) groups. Conclusions: For human adipose stem cells, 5% PLTMax was the optimum concentration, which showed a significantly higher proliferative effect than 10% FBS. PLTMax is a useful medium additive, which can substitute FBS. The proliferative effects of PLTMax are suggested to function via multiple signaling pathways, similar to FBS.
Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Aberrant Metabolism of Epstein–Barr-Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Yoon Sang Jun , Kim Jun Yeob , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Min Jung Eun , Kim Hyung Min , Yoon Jae Hee , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Park Myung Chan , Kwon Sung Won , Lee Suk Kyeong
Published: October 2019

The metabolic landscape of Epstein–Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics to comprehensively investigate aberrant metabolism in EBVaGC. Specifically, we conducted gene expression analyses using microarray-based data from gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines and tissue samples from patients with clinically advanced gastric carcinoma. We also conducted complementary metabolomics and lipidomics using various mass spectrometry platforms. We found a significant downregulation of genes related to metabolic pathways, especially the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The effect of dysregulated metabolic genes was confirmed in a survival analysis of 3951 gastric cancer patients. We found 57 upregulated metabolites and 31 metabolites that were downregulated in EBVaGC compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer. Sixty-nine lipids, mainly ether-linked phospholipids and triacylglycerols, were downregulated, whereas 45 lipids, mainly phospholipids, were upregulated. In total, 15 metabolisms related to polar metabolites and 15 lipid-associated pathways were involved in alteration of metabolites by EBV in gastric cancer. In this work, we have described the metabolic landscape of EBVaGC at the multi-omics level. These findings could help elucidate the mechanism of EBVaGC oncogenesis.