bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of ChatGPT and other Artificial Intelligence tools among medical faculty in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mukunya David , Nantale Ritah , Kayemba Frank , Ajalo Elizabeth , Pangholi Kennedy , Babuya Jonathan , Langoya Akuu Suzan , Namiiro Amelia Margaret , Tweheyo Ronald , Ekak Steven , Nakitto Brenda , Nantongo Kirsten , Mpagi Joseph Luwaga , Musaba Milton W. , Oguttu Faith , Kuteesa Job , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Munabi Ian Guyton , Kiguli Sarah
Published: October 2024

Background ChatGPT is an open-source large language model that uses deep learning techniques to generate human-like texts. ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize medical education as it acts as an interactive virtual tutor and personalized learning assistant. We assessed the use of ChatGPT and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools among medical faculty in Uganda. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among medical faculty at four public universities in Uganda from November to December 2023. Participants were recruited consecutively. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on participants’ socio-demographics and the use of AI tools such as ChatGPT. Our outcome variable was the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools. Data were analyzed in Stata version 17.0. Results We recruited 224 medical faculty, majority [75% (167/224)] were male. The median age (interquartile range) was 41 years (34–50). Almost all medical faculty [90% (202/224)] had ever heard of AI tools such as ChatGPT. Over 63% (120/224) of faculty had ever used AI tools. The most commonly used AI tools were ChatGPT (56.3%) and Quill Bot (7.1%). Fifty-six faculty use AI tools for research writing, 37 for summarizing information, 28 for proofreading work, and 28 for setting exams or assignments. Forty faculty use AI tools for non-academic purposes like recreation and learning new skills. Faculty older than 50 years were 40% less likely to use AI tools compared to those aged 24 to 35 years (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR):0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): [0.45, 0.80]). Conclusion The use of ChatGPT and other AI tools was high among medical faculty in Uganda. Older faculty (>50 years) were less likely to use AI tools compared to younger faculty. Training on AI use in education, formal policies, and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical faculty for the integration of AI in medical education.
Status doktorantów w ustawie 2.0
Authors: Kiełbasiński Wojciech , Dorochowicz Marcin
Published: October 2024

The new Act regulating the field of higher education and science of 2018 resulted in many changes in the functioning of entities responsible for educating doctoral students in Poland. One of the important issues is the gradual phasing out of third-cycle studies and the establishment of a new model for educating doctoral students – doctoral schools, which were supposed to improve the quality and effectiveness of education. Among many beneficial solutions, the reform also introduced changes that are controversial and problematic from many perspectives, especially legal ones. These are the solutions that were analysed by young science students who noticed a research gap in the issues in question. It is worth emphasising that the book is not based only on formal and legal aspects, but also broadly describes law in action. Status doktorantów w ustawie 2.0 (The status of doctoral students in Act 2.0) is a publication showing various aspects of the new approach towards the education and functioning of doctoral students in the area of universities. This is the voice of the authors who are PhD students representing various research centers in Poland. From the Introduction
Attritional rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus due to pisotriquetral osteoarthritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kim Yuna , Park Ho-Youn , Kim Suo , Sur Yoo-Joon
Published: October 2024

Closed nontraumatic flexor tendon ruptures are classified as spontaneous, infiltrative tenosynovial, iatrogenic, or attritional ruptures based on their mechanism. Attritional ruptures occur over rough bone surfaces that result from various pathologies. Here, we present a case of attritional rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus of the little finger due to pisotriquetral arthritis.
STUDENTS’ APPLICATION OF TEAM LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN AN UNDERGRADUATE AGRICULTURAL LEADERSHIP COURSE WHEN LEARNING EXPERIENTIALLY
Authors: Coleman Bradley M. , Orsini Jonathan , Bunch J.C. , Greenhaw Laura L.
Published: October 2024

Undergraduate agricultural leadership education opportunities are prevalent and growing. However, additional attention should be placed on the quality of educational leadership experiences. The purpose of this study was to explore how the context of a learning experience impacts student application of team leadership skills. The findings and implications of this study are reported in three themes: (a) contextual dimensions of educational experiences, (b) agricultural disconnect, and (c) team leadership skill application. Recommendations for practitioners include providing students with real-life leadership skill application experiences, regulating assignments to have agricultural connections, and integrating opportunities for student reflection. Future research should consider questions such as: (a) what other educational leadership experiences may have considerable learning impacts? and (b) what other pedagogical methodologies are useful in teaching agricultural and team leadership education?
On the Value of Risk-Averse Multistage Stochastic Programming in Capacity Planning
Authors: Yu Xian , Shen Siqian
Published: October 2024

We consider a risk-averse stochastic capacity planning problem under uncertain demand in each period. Using a scenario tree representation of the uncertainty, we formulate a multistage stochastic integer program to adjust the capacity expansion plan dynamically as more information on the uncertainty is revealed. Specifically, in each stage, a decision maker optimizes capacity acquisition and resource allocation to minimize certain risk measures of maintenance and operational cost. We compare it with a two-stage approach that determines the capacity acquisition for all the periods up front. Using expected conditional risk measures, we derive a tight lower bound and an upper bound for the gaps between the optimal objective values of risk-averse multistage models and their two-stage counterparts. Based on these derived bounds, we present general guidelines on when to solve risk-averse two-stage or multistage models. Furthermore, we propose approximation algorithms to solve the two models more efficiently, which are asymptotically optimal under an expanding market assumption. We conduct numerical studies using randomly generated and real-world instances with diverse sizes, to demonstrate the tightness of the analytical bounds and efficacy of the approximation algorithms. We find that the gaps between risk-averse multistage and two-stage models increase as the variability of the uncertain parameters increases and decrease as the decision maker becomes more risk averse. Moreover, a stagewise-dependent scenario tree attains much higher gaps than a stagewise-independent counterpart, whereas the latter produces tighter analytical bounds.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Funding: This work of Dr. X. Yu was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [Grant 2331782].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0396 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0396 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
PROJETANDO IDEIAS A PARTIR DE MATERIAIS PEDAGÓGICOS SOBRE FILMES
Authors: De Abreu Ana Paula Nunes
Published: October 2024

Este artigo reflete sobre a coordenação da escrita dos textos de um encarte para educadores, com sugestões para apreciar melhor certos filmes. O encarte faz parte da Caixa Anjo Negro – Cineclube Mário Gusmão, produto idealizado pela professora Cyntia Nogueira e desenvolvido por estudantes dos cursos de Cinema e de Artes Visuais da UFRB. A iniciativa promove o acesso físico e simbólico do cinema baiano, a partir de um box que contém 4 DVDs com 43 curtas-metragens baianos, alguns extras e um catálogo com 27 críticas, além do encarte para educadores intitulado “Projetando ideias”. Trata-se de uma experiência da proposta triangular do ensino artístico (apreciar, contextualizar, produzir) com os estudantes de cinema. Sobretudo, eles aprenderam através do exercício de despertar o olhar do Outro.
O FILOSOFAR NA DIMENSÃO E NO MUNDO ÉTICO: CONFLUÊNCIAS COM A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Battestin Cláudia , Bergamo Edmir , Souza Gazzola Janaine
Published: October 2024

Resumo: O presente artigo visa investigar através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a importância do filosofar na dimensão ética, uma vez que, a realidade nos impõe uma reorientação radical sobre o nosso modo de viver, e sobre as formas de pensar e ver o mundo. Neste intuito, observamos que a educação não se manifesta dentro de uma sociedade como um fim em si mesma, na medida em que ela é um instrumento de transformação social, cercada de valores decorrente de práticas educacionais, porém, não são essas práticas que estabelecem os seus fins, e sim, a reflexão acerca do próprio ato de pensar sobre as práticas. É pensando Neste sentido, que analisamos a importância de uma educação voltada para a realidade, com uma ética que pressupõe a existência do agir e do outro,
Temas Geradores no Ensino de Química: Concepções de educadores e educandos de duas escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino Básico de Sergipe.
Authors: Santos Antonio Hamilton
Published: October 2024

A ação direta do educando na construção de seu conhecimento é bastante discutida por Paulo Freire que se utiliza de Temas Geradores como estratégias metodológicas no processo de conscientização dos educandos sobre a realidade opressora vivida em sociedades desiguais. Isto constitui o ponto de partida para o processo de construção do conhecimento. Nesta estratégia, os conteúdos tradicionais são substituídos por conteúdos extraídos da prática de vida dos educandos, através da pesquisa de seu universo cultural. Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, teve como objetivo analisar como esta metodologia é concebida pelos educadores e educandos da disciplina de Química, em duas escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino Básico de Sergipe.
AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE O CINEMA E A EDUCAÇÃO NO FESTIVAL DE CINEMA DE OURO PRETO (CINEOP) - ENTREVISTA REALIZADA COM VALESKA FORTES DE OLIVEIRA
Authors: Fernandes Adriana Hoffmann , Silva Virgínia de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

Valeska Fortes de Oliveira é professora titular da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Coordenadora do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação e Imaginário Social (GEPEIS), criado em 1993 e certificado pelo CNPq, no qual desenvolve investigações no campo do imaginário social com o foco nas narrativas de vida de professores e nas relações entre cinema e formação de professores. Coordena, também, os convênios realizados com Argentina, México e Portugal no âmbito da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e integra a Rede Latino-Americana de Cinema e Audiovisual – KINO. Coordenou o GT 08 - Formação de Professores da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Educação - ANPEd na gestão 2014-2015. Em 2015, passou a coordenar, ao lado de Isaac Pipano, o encontro de Cinema e Educação do Festival de Cinema de Ouro Preto (CINEOP), juntamente com as coordenadoras anteriores Inês Teixeira, Adriana Fresquet e Milene Gusmão.
GUERNICA: ANCORAGENS E OBJETIVAÇÕES
Authors: Rossetto Tania Regina , Mori Nerli Nonato Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Este estudo aborda o processo de ancoragem e objetivação centradas na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici, utilizando a obra Guernica de Pablo Picasso. Para tanto, objetivamos: discorrer sobre ancoragem e objetivação; abordar vida e obra de Pablo Picasso; demonstrar por meio da obra Guernica como ações individuais emergem do social. Por meio de pesquisa teórica, explicitamos que ao abandonar convenções da arte histórica, Picasso busca a construção a partir da destruição. As cinzas da guerra proporcionam uma nova visão da realidade, o que remete a um futuro possível, visando o respeito pela vida.
ENTREVISTA MARIA LUCIA KARAM
Authors: Acselrad Gilberta
Published: October 2024

Maria Lúcia Karam, é juíza de direito aposentada do Tribunal de Justiça do estado do Rio de Janeiro, ex-juíza auditora da Justiça Militar Federal e ex-defensora pública no estado do Rio de Janeiro. É uma das impulsionadoras da LEAP Brasil (Agentes da Lei Contra a Proibição), integrando o quadro dirigente da instituição. Entende que a proibição às drogas é uma violação dos direitos humanos, que a guerra contra as drogas é, na verdade, uma guerra contra pessoas, de um modo geral, pobres e não brancas. É uma das autoras do livro de intervenção Bala perdida: a violência policial no Brasil e os desafios de sua superação (Boitempo, Carta Maior, 2015) e Quem tem medo de falar sobre drogas? Saber mais para se proteger, organizado pela professora Gilberta Acselrad (FGV, 2015).
A juíza Maria Lucia Karam concedeu a entrevista abaixo à professora Gilberta Acselrad, com quem compartilha várias frentes de luta contra o proibicionismo às drogas.
QUEM TEM MEDO DE FALAR SOBRE DROGAS? SABER MAIS PARA PROTEGER
Authors: Dias Rafael Dantas
Published: October 2024

A obra Quem tem medo de falar sobre drogas? Saber mais para proteger, organizada por Gilberta Acselrad, trata de maneira inovadora, clara e objetiva um problema antigo: o universo das drogas (i)lícitas. O objetivo do livro é ouvir e responder às questões que preocupam os jovens, abrindo espaço também de diálogo entre esses jovens e outras pessoas que já fizeram ou fazem uso de diferentes drogas, assim como com profissionais que atendem pessoas dependentes de drogas, esclarecendo dúvidas e desmistificando tabus socialmente construídos.
O PNAIC e as avaliações em larga escala: estudo sobre as repercussões no trabalho docente
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Foggiato , Ivo Andressa Aita , Hypolito Álvaro Luiz Moreira
Published: October 2024

No Brasil a legitimação das avaliações em larga escala pode ser identificada por suas articulações com as políticas curriculares, de formação continuada de professoras/es e de gestão educacional. O Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) desencadeou ações nestes três âmbitos ao operacionalizar a formação continuada de professoras alfabetizadoras visando alfabetizar as crianças brasileiras até os oito anos de idade. Considerando isto, o presente artigo objetiva analisar as articulações entre o PNAIC e as Avaliações em Larga Escala, e especificamente, discutir seus efeitos sobre o trabalho docente das professoras alfabetizadoras no contexto de Santa Maria - RS, entre os anos de 2012 e 2016. Para isso, a pesquisa de cunho qualitativo teve como instrumentos de produção de dados a análise documental dos documentos oficiais e legislativos que orientaram o PNAIC, e entrevista semiestruturada com 13 professoras alfabetizadoras, 1 Orientador de Estudos, 1 Formadora e a Coordenadora Geral do Programa na UFSM. Para a análise dos dados empregamos a análise de conteúdo. No contexto pesquisado, os resultados sinalizam que a articulação entre o PNAIC e as Avaliações em Larga Escala aconteceu hibridamente, pois as ações produzidas no âmbito do Programa valorizavam as práticas pedagógicas lúdicas e a experiência profissional, mas estabeleciam sua vinculação ao (in)sucesso estudantil em tais avaliações. Diante disso, concluímos que os efeitos sobre o trabalho docente foram a responsabilização e a reforma da identidade profissional das professoras alfabetizadoras e a produção de resistências em relação ao controle suscitado por tais avaliações.
Laicidade e pandemia em tempos conservadores
Authors: Sepulveda José Antonio Miranda , Mendonça Amanda André de
Published: October 2024

O crescimento do extremismo religioso no Brasil e no mundo e sua relação com a pandemia expôs a importância de se lutar por um estado laico. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse texto é discutir e demonstrar a importância da laicidade como forma de enfrentamento a movimentos conservadores no campo educacional, como por exemplo o “Escola sem Partido”. A proposta de valorizar a laicidade como forma de enfrentamento ao negacionismo científico é uma forma de defender a sociedade de argumentos religiosos extremistas que ferem princípios básicos de direitos humanos, como por exemplo a violência contra as mulheres e a misoginia de um modo geral.
Migrações e educação de adultos deslocados: uma reflexão sobre direitos educativos
Authors: Silva Rita de Cássia da Cruz , Di Pierro Maria Clara
Published: October 2024

Diante do grande volume de migrações internacionais – mesmo com uma pandemia que restringiu a mobilidade global –, faz-se necessário refletir sobre as garantias dos direitos essenciais que migrantes e refugiados têm, tais como os direitos educativos. As normativas do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos consolidaram o direito à educação para todas as pessoas, mas como será que migrantes e refugiados acessam a esses direitos nos territórios? Como melhorar o percurso educativo daqueles que mesmo conseguindo se matricular ainda estão expostos a obstáculos que os impedem de ter uma educação acessível, aceitável e adaptável? Como oferecer oportunidades educativas que sejam relevantes? Como garantir que a oferta seja, de fato, uma oportunidade de “educação” e não apenas de “escolarização”?O presente artigo dialoga com a literatura e tem como objetivo responder a essas perguntas, além de contribuir com o debate acadêmico. Trata-se de análise de estudos teóricos, composta de duas partes: a primeira introduz a relação entre migração e educação; a segunda se aprofunda sobre temas como 1) Assimilação versus integração e multiculturalismo versus interculturalismo; 2) Gestão escolar, currículo, formação de professores e língua local como política de acolhimento; e 3) Reconhecimento de diplomas, habilidades e conhecimentos prévios – sem os quais, conclui-se que o direito a estar na escola não é a mesma coisa que o direito a aprender na escola.
Efeitos interseccionais das violações de direitos: territórios da pobreza infantil
Authors: Eyng Ana Maria , Hennerich Pacheco Eduardo Felipe , Padilha Laueni Ramos
Published: October 2024

As infâncias e juventudes em situação de pobreza infantil multidimensional se encontram enredadas pelos efeitos interseccionais das violações de seus direitos. Essas problemáticas ficam evidentes em uma pesquisa empírica realizada no âmbito latino-americano que retrata essas violências cotidianas sobre os corpos e as vidas de meninas e meninos nas periferias do saber/poder. Tais vidas, ameaçadas, ignoradas e frequentemente descartadas (dados do Mapa da Violência), interseccionam as possibilidades identitárias juvenis. Cenas do cotidiano, captadas pelos dados de pesquisa que promoveu a escuta das falas de 504 crianças e adolescentes, situam traços identitários interseccionados pelas violências econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais. A interseccionalidade dos efeitos das violências nas condições de vida das infâncias requer políticas e programas que concebam e efetivem o conjunto de direitos de modo indissociável, na perspectiva intersetorial. Assim, a garantia interseccional de direitos nos permite esperançar a superação dos riscos e ameaças das violências interseccionais que incidem sobre a infância.
Luz, câmera, quilombo: a projeção da imagem antirracista em sala de aula.
Authors: Eiras Rafael Garcia Madalen , Lemos Anna Paula Soares
Published: October 2024

Este artigo reflete sobre a projeção cinematográfica em sala de aula através de uma proposta antirracista e decolonial. Partindo da vivência de um dos autores com a sua turma do ensino fundamental público do Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ), ao exibir o filme Quilombo (1984) do diretor Cacá Diegues Uma análise que parte da hipótese de que o uso das práticas cinematográficas no ensino público pode ativar uma percepção plural da criança, em que todas as instâncias da cultura podem ser vistas como pedagógicas. Propondo, desta forma, diferentes perspectivas teóricas na busca por outros olhares que relacionem o cinema com a escola. Assim, o trajeto metodológico proposto entende que a análise e a prática cinematográfica sempre vão andar juntas, pois articulam diversas potencialidades estéticas, como som, diálogo, enquadramento, que precisam ser agenciados pelos próprios alunos.
A EJA pelo olhar de estudantes idosos: as motivações para estudar nessa fase da vida
Authors: Coura Isamara Grazielle Martins , Eiterer Carmem Lúcia , Soares Leôncio José Gomes
Published: October 2024

O artigo  apresenta a expectativas dos idosos a respeito da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, destacando as diferenças percebidas por eles quanto às metodologias e às posturas dos educadores comparados aos de outras épocas de suas vidas. Trata-se de uma análise a partir de dados de uma pesquisa de mestrado. A investigação teve caráter qualitativo e contou com a entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental  para a produção de informações. Foram entrevistados sete idosos, sendo quatro mulheres e três homens, com idades entre 60 e 81 anos. Os resultados demonstram que  na EJA, na medida em que suas expectativas vão se realizando, vão ampliando seus olhares, modificando suas visões acerca da educação e que a afetividade presente na relação entre professores e estudantes facilita a permanência na escola e o processo de aprendizagem. Os achados ainda contribuem para se pensar sobre a formação do educador da EJA.
Luteranismo, transnacionalismo e surdez: a Escola Especial Concórdia por entre as memórias de um professor
Authors: Kuster Weliton Barbosa , Weiduschadt Patrícia
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo objetiva explorar aspectos referentes à fundação e atuação da Escola Especial Concórdia. Tal instituição foi criada para atender alunos com surdez, através de um viés luterano que buscava fortalecer o campo religioso em detrimento de outras esferas, como a familiar e a social. Para tanto, utilizou-se da metodologia da História Oral, baseada nos estudos de Portelli (1997; 2010) e Thompson (1998), do conceito de Identidade, a partir de Bauman (2005) e Hall (2006), além do conceito de Memória, explorado por meio dos estudos de Halbwachs (1990). A análise evidenciou que por mais que a Escola Especial Concórdia buscasse o firmamento dos cânones da fé luterana em primeira instância, acabou por promover uma integração dos sujeitos com surdez em um mesmo ambiente e, a partir desse aspecto firmado em sua cultura escolar, possibilitou a ideia de pertencimento e de identificação social, em outras palavras, de comunidade surda.
As vozes das infâncias, dos educadores e as políticas educacionais: a escuta como dispositivo pedagógico
Authors: Gomes Marineide de Oliveira Gomes
Published: October 2024

O texto apresenta resultados parciais de pesquisa-extensão universitária que objetiva reconhecer nas crianças, famílias e sujeitos dos territórios de pertença de escolas públicas localizadas na região da Baixada Santista/SP, interlocutores privilegiados na elaboração de políticas educacionais (e para as infâncias) em uma perspectiva humanista e socialmente justa. A pesquisa qualitativa/participante contou com reuniões que envolveu equipes gestoras, educadores, crianças e famílias de escolas públicas, por meio de rodas de conversa virtuais, na forma de escuta sensível, como prática crítico-emancipatória, contribuindo para a ampliação do direito à Educação e como forma de estímulo à educação integral das infâncias. Os resultados expõem e sinalizam a potencialidade da escuta como dispositivo pedagógico de comunicação dialógica e a centralidade das escolas públicas na formação de redes colaborativas, que são atravessadas por ações intersetoriais, como territórios educativos, buscando superar fragmentações por áreas e ampliar as possibilidades de fruição e exercício da cidadania e de direitos.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: October 2024

n/a
“An Intimation of Mourning”: Freud and Walter Benjamin on Images of Childhood
Authors: Mahalel Anat Tzur
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Images of childhood have a pivotal place in the writings of both Sigmund Freud and Walter Benjamin. The present paper offers a discussion on the subject of childhood memories that embody a return to infantile experience both in content and in form, mainly in the form of visual images. Freud’s visual image ( visuelles Bild ) and Walter Benjamin’s Denkbild (thought-image) present a dialectic between a condensed experience of the past and the inevitable transformation of experience into language. Childhood memories are not necessarily retrieved as realistic events but rather embody the potential to create new experiences in the present of remembrance, which are merely referred to the past. These notions are examined through a psychoanalytic reading of Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood around 1900 (2002 [1938]). This memoir is constructed through a singular collection of Denkbilder that presents the experience of being a child in the city of Berlin around 1900. It expresses a lamentation by the author and on behalf of his Jewish generation for the abyss in which they found themselves in the face of the rise of the Nazi regime. The present reading will focus on three main themes: replacements for the original in modern society, images of childhood as prefigurations of later developments, and translations from images to words as vital transformations, especially in times of turmoil.
As Chance Would Have It: Freud and Kierkegaard on Repetition and Trauma
Authors: Sherwood Vance
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Sigmund Freud and Søren Kierkegaard, using completely different categories, addressed the concept of trauma and what it means to move past it. Trauma removes us from representative time or the time of ongoing human projects and instead deposits its victim in what has been called anarchic time, a beginning that never proceeds toward a future. These events are not known; they are instead compulsively repeated. The challenge for treatment is returning patients to ongoing, narrative time, where the trauma can be left behind. This proves to be an unpredictable process in which analysts must not only use but rely on their mistakes to create tensions whereby they become witnesses to what patients cannot represent. Kierkegaard’s repetition tells us therapy tries to return an actual event to the status of what is future or merely possible, in which case it can be repeated as something different than before. Kierkegaardian repetition makes the analyst into a narrator with whose story the patient may identify.
(Re)weaving the Black Heritage: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg’s Black Christian Ethics of Collaboration and Pioneering Social Service
Authors: Abraham Daniela B.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Despite the prominence of his world-renowned archive, the writings of Arturo Alfonso Schomburg have been largely understudied, especially in relation to Christianity. This article argues that Schomburg’s writings espouse a Black Christian ethics of collaboration and pioneering social service that is underpinned by the social and ethical teachings of Jesus Christ. Schomburg’s ethics appears in the form of critical reflections, which occur when the double movement of his narrative creates a point of inflection, causing a slippage that opens a threshold that allows for the decentering and (re)weaving of the fabric of history.
Her Fierce Faith: Contextualizing Ellen Tarry as a Catholic Convert and Foremother of Black Lives Matter Activism
Authors: Smith Mary-Antoinette
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article contextualizes the timely significance of Ellen Tarry as an African American teacher, writer, activist, and Catholic convert who engaged in interracial justice before, during, and after the Civil Rights Movement. It similarly presents her as a foremother of present-day Black Lives Matter (BLM) activism. Locating her divergences from other Black writers across time, this analysis features the distinctive admixture of secular and sacred values pervading her writings and work as a Harlem Renaissance journalist, autobiographer, and pioneering author of picture books for Black children and youth that promoted collaborative Catholic social action on behalf of her race.
Introduction: Medieval Cultural Heritage, Then and Now
Authors: Strippoli Roberta , Holmes Olivia
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This volume of collected essays contains scholarship on the handling of medieval cultural heritage, broadly conceived. Societies around the world look to the Middle Ages for identity and inspiration, defining the past in light of modern concerns about cultural belonging, claims to political legitimacy, and conceptions of community. The essays in this volume explore such questions as: Who has the authority to decide on cultural heritage matters, and what happens when the heritage of one group is preferred to that of another? What happens to local communities when a site becomes a popular tourist destination or a place for memorializing the past in a way that erases the voices of a particular group of people? What are the lived consequences when claims to cultural heritage define communities along racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional, or historical lines? In bringing together a broad range of global and disciplinary perspectives, this volume aims to extend the conversation about the definition and deployment of the medieval past.
Multiwavelength Raman lidar system for profiling the CCN number concentrations
Authors: Mao Jiandong , Bao Jun , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2024

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) play an important role in the research of cloud microphysical and aerosol–cloud interactions. This study employs a multiwavelength Raman lidar for measuring CCN concentration. First, the multiwavelength Raman lidar was used to measure the atmospheric relative humidity profile, and the combination of relative humidity and the aerosol backscattering coefficient was used to retrieve the hygroscopic growth factor. By fitting the hygroscopic growth factor using the κkappa parameter model, the hygroscopic parameter κkappa that characterizes the hygroscopicity of aerosols was obtained. Then, the critical activation radius of aerosols was derived using the κ–Köhler theory and hygroscopicity parameter κkappa. Finally, the CCN number concentration was obtained by combining with the aerosol particle size distribution. Experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of the multiwavelength Raman lidar. Results showed that the effective detection range of the lidar is approximately 0–4 km. The error of the temperature measured by the lidar at the height of 0.3–3.8 km is approximately ±1K. When the relative humidity change is 0.77–0.87, the range of the hygroscopic growth factor change is 1.06–1.10, the hygroscopic parameter γ is 0.065, and the hygroscopic parameter κkappa is 0.009. The CCN numbers concentration decreases with height but increases closer to the cloud. The multiwavelength Raman lidar is an important tool for detection of cloud microphysical and aerosol–cloud interactions and could have scientific importance and research value, both for improved understanding of the formation of clouds and precipitation and for enhanced accuracy of weather modification.
Low-power infrared-tunable all-optical intensity modulator based on micro-nano fiber integrated with 3C-SiC nanowires
Authors: Chen Xuanyi , Li Yuanzheng , Miao Yinping , Li Yi , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Bai Yangbo , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a rapidly responsive and highly modulated all-optical intensity modulator integrated with 3C-SiC nanowires and micro-nano fibers. The 3C-SiC nanowires were bonded to the surface of micro-nano fibers that had a diameter of around 2 µm. A tunable laser with a center wavelength of 1550 nm was used as the signal source, and the signal light, along with the 980 nm pump light, was coupled into the micro-nano fiber. Strong waveguide coupling between the micro-nano fiber and 3C-SiC nanowires facilitated modulation of the signal light by the pump light. The experimental results demonstrated a modulation depth of up to 5 dB for the signal light, with a modulation efficiency of 0.19 dB/mW. The rise time and fall time of the modulation were measured as 6.6 and 19.7 ms, respectively. This study shows the exceptional performance of 3C-SiC nanowires in all-optical modulation devices. Furthermore, the structure offers advantages such as simple fabrication, fast response speed, and compatibility with optical fiber systems, thus holding great potential for widespread application in various optical modulation devices and optical communication systems.
Analysis and experimental demonstration of possible architectures for future coherent metro+PON converged networks [Invited]
Authors: Rizzelli Giuseppe , Casasco Mariacristina , Ferrero Valter , Pagano Annachiara , Gaudino Roberto
Published: October 2024

We present in this paper a detailed brainstorming on the future option of merging the metro and the passive optical network (PON) access network segments, enabled by the introduction of end-to-end coherent transmission. We begin by reporting the experimental results presented by our group at OFC2024 (for which this paper is an invited extension). Starting from these preliminary but very promising results, we elaborate on two different possible schematics for metro+PON convergence using edge reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) at the boundary of the two segments, and then we study their physical layer scalability by a mix of experimental characterization and numerical modeling. We show that coherent transceivers enable excellent performance in this scenario, allowing at least 200G per wavelength and even 400G in most cases when traversing all-optically two ROADMs before being routed towards a high splitting ratio PON in the access part of the network. We study several realistic conditions analyzing different bit rates, modulation formats, and network architectures, showing the physical layer conditions that would enable the PON optical distribution network loss to be in the range from 29 to 35 dB, as required by current international standards. The scalability analysis is first based on link budget and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) fundamental limitations, and it is then extended considering other physical layer issues, such as tight optical filtering in the ROADMs.
Coronagraph-based wavefront sensors for the high Strehl regime
Authors: Chambouleyron V. , Wallace J. K. , Jensen-Clem R. , Macintosh B.
Published: October 2024

A crucial component of the high-contrast instrumental chain in astronomy is the wavefront sensor (WFS). A key property of this component is its sensitivities, which reflect its ability to efficiently use incoming photons to encode the phase aberrations. This paper introduces a new class of highly sensitive wavefront sensors that approach the fundamental sensitivity limits dictated by physics. Assuming a high Strehl regime, we define what linear operator is describing the ideal WFS that would achieve maximum sensitivity. We then show that there is a substantial similarity between this ideal WFS and the second-order ideal coronagraph. Leveraging the exhibited link between ideal wavefront sensing and coronagraphy, we propose what we believe to be a novel WFS concept based on high-performance coronagraphic architecture: the bivortex WFS. This sensor employs charge-2 vortex masks. Simulations for an ideal system demonstrate that this sensor achieves unprecedented sensitivity, even surpassing the highly sensitive Zernike WFS class (especially for low spatial frequencies), while paving the way for new high-contrast architectures integrating simultaneous sensing and coronagraphy.
Large beam size grating coupler in silicon-on-insulator using fully etched subwavelength gratings
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Barona , Moreno-Pozas Laureano , Ginel Pablo , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , de Oliva-Rubio Jose , Molina-Fernandez Inigo , Wangüemert-Pérez J. Gonzalo , Halir Robert
Published: October 2024

Several emerging applications of silicon photonics, including sensing, ranging and optical trapping, require fixed, well-collimated beams that enable interaction with targets placed centimeters away from the chip. Generating such beams without using bulk-optic lenses entails radiating beams with diameters of hundreds of microns directly from the chip. Gratings with sufficiently low strength have so far only been shown in the silicon nitride platform using specialized shallow etch steps; in silicon-on-insulator the implementation becomes much more challenging due to the increased index contrast. Here we report the first fully etched silicon-on-insulator grating capable of radiating such large beams. Using a judiciously designed double-period subwavelength structure, we experimentally demonstrate a beam diameter in excess of 350 μm, with feature sizes compatible with deep-ultraviolet lithography.
Conceptualizing bias in EHR data: A case study in performance disparities by demographic subgroups for a pediatric obesity incidence classifier
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth A. , Bose Saurav , Masino Aaron J.
Published: October 2024

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are increasingly used to develop machine learning models in predictive medicine. There has been limited research on utilizing machine learning methods to predict childhood obesity and related disparities in classifier performance among vulnerable patient subpopulations. In this work, classification models are developed to recognize pediatric obesity using temporal condition patterns obtained from patient EHR data in a U.S. study population. We trained four machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Neural Networks) to classify cases and controls as obesity positive or negative, and optimized hyperparameter settings through a bootstrapping methodology. To assess the classifiers for bias, we studied model performance by population subgroups then used permutation analysis to identify the most predictive features for each model and the demographic characteristics of patients with these features. Mean AUC-ROC values were consistent across classifiers, ranging from 0.72–0.80. Some evidence of bias was identified, although this was through the models performing better for minority subgroups (African Americans and patients enrolled in Medicaid). Permutation analysis revealed that patients from vulnerable population subgroups were over-represented among patients with the most predictive diagnostic patterns. We hypothesize that our models performed better on under-represented groups because the features more strongly associated with obesity were more commonly observed among minority patients. These findings highlight the complex ways that bias may arise in machine learning models and can be incorporated into future research to develop a thorough analytical approach to identify and mitigate bias that may arise from features and within EHR datasets when developing more equitable models.
Event-related potentials of stimuli inhibition and access in cross-modal distractor-induced blindness
Authors: Hanke Sophie , Niedeggen Michael
Published: October 2024

Distractor-induced blindness (DIB) describes a reduced access to a cued visual target–if multiple target-like distractors have been presented beforehand. Previous ERP data suggest a cumulative frontal inhibition triggered by distractors, which affects the updating process of the upcoming target. In the present study, we examine whether the modality of the cue—formerly defined in the visual domain–affects the expression of these neural signatures. 27 subjects were tested in a cross-modal DIB task: Distractors and targets were defined by a transient change of stimuli shape in a random-dot kinematogram. The onset of the target was announced by a rise in amplitude of a sinusoidal tone. Behavioral results confirmed that detection of the target relies on the number of preceding distractor episodes. Replicating previous unimodal results, ERP responses to distractors were characterized by a frontal negativity starting at 100 ms, which increases with an increasing number of distractor episodes. However, the processing–and detection–of the target was not characterized by a more-expressed P3 response, but by an occipital negativity. The current data confirm that the neural signatures of target awareness depend on the experimental setup used: In case of the DIB, the cross-modal setting might lead to a reduction of attentional resources in the visual domain.
Construction of new polygon mesh-type phantoms based on adult Japanese voxel phantoms
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Furuta Takuya , Satoh Daiki , Tsuda Shuichi
Published: October 2024

To construct adult Japanese phantoms applicable to individual exposure dose assessments, we created adult Japanese polygon mesh-type male (JPM) and female (JPF) phantoms through modification of the adult Japanese voxel phantoms, JM-103 (male) and JF-103 (female). The body sizes and masses of organs, tissues, and organ contents in JPM and JPF were adjusted to the Japanese averages, except for those unimportant for radiation protection or risks. The JPM and JPF data were converted to tetrahedral mesh-type data and incorporated into the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) for dose calculations. The dosimetric characteristics of the JPM and JPF phantoms were validated by calculating their effective doses in the anterior–posterior geometry for the external irradiation of photons with energies of 0.01–20 MeV and compared with those of JM-103 and JF-103 or the reference values given in ICRP Publication 116. The results confirmed no problems applying JPM and JPF to dose assessments in adult Japanese subjects. Furthermore, it was found that JPM and JPF can also accurately calculate the absorbed doses for entire organs and high radiosensitive cell regions with thin, small, and complicated structures.
A new Late Cretaceous metatherian from the Williams Fork Formation, Colorado
Authors: Eberle Jaelyn , Cohen Joshua , Foster John , Hunt-Foster ReBecca , Heckert Andrew
Published: October 2024

Heleocola piceanus, a new, relatively large metatherian from Upper Cretaceous (‘Edmontonian’) strata of the Williams Fork Formation in northwestern Colorado is described, based on a recently discovered jaw fragment (MWC 9744), in addition to three isolated teeth initially referred by other studies to Aquiladelphis incus and Glasbius piceanus. Although sharing several morphologic characters with the Lancian genus Glasbius, H. piceanus lower molars are considerably larger than those of Glasbius and differ from the latter in lacking a buccal cingulid, possessing carnassiform notches on the cristid obliqua and entocristid, and bearing an entoconulid on m3. To examine the relationship of Heleocola piceanus to other metatherians, H. piceanus was scored into a previously existing taxon-character matrix. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers H. piceanus as the sister taxon to Glasbius, which is consistent with our morphologic comparisons. H. piceanus represents the oldest member of the Glasbiidae. A regression equation for predicting body mass of dentally conservative metatherians that utilizes the length of m1 estimates the mass of H. piceanus at 855–1170 g, which is comparable in mass to today’s muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and large relative to other Late Cretaceous pediomyoids. Based upon its molar morphology, specifically the low inflated cusps, low height differential between the trigonid and talonid, and near-bunodont morphology, H. piceanus is interpreted as an omnivore with a plant-dominated diet.
Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with risk of lung cancer in individuals aged 40 years and older: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013–2018
Authors: Chen Hong , Hu Xiao-Bo , Zhou Jin , He Chen-Yun , Wang Ke , Yi Qun
Published: October 2024

Background

It remains unclear whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for lung cancer after excluding confounding factors such as smoking, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, etc.

Methods

Data from 11,440 participants (≥ 40 years old) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018 were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between COPD and lung cancer risk. Subgroup analyses were based on age, sex, BMI, and smoking.

Results

This study included 660 patients with COPD and 10,780 participants without COPD. The prevalence of lung cancer was significantly higher in patients with COPD compared to participants without COPD (3.39% vs 0.14%). After adjusting for confounding factors, COPD was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (OR, 12.24, 95% CI, 4.99–30.06, p < 0.001). This association remained significant in all subgroups, particularly in individuals aged > 65 years (OR, 20.05, 95% CI, 6.85–58.72, p < 0.001), smokers (OR, 19.38, 95% CI, 2.02–185.66, p = 0.010), males (OR, 17.39, 95% CI, 5.28–57.31, p < 0.001), individuals who quit smoking within 10 years (OR, 12.86, 95% CI, 2.59, 63.99, p = 0.002), and individuals with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR, 14.56, 95% CI, 3.88–54.69, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, especially in certain subgroups. The combination of COPD and smoking greatly amplifies the lung cancer risk. These findings highlight the importance of early lung cancer screening in patients with COPD.
«Y en fin los flamencos son españoles, y no alemanes». La representación diplomática española en los Países Bajos austríacos, 1716-1725
Authors: Vermeir René
Published: October 2024

En esta contribución se analizan las acciones de los dos encargados que promovieron los intereses de Felipe V en los Países Bajos austríacos durante la primera década posterior a la Paz de Utrecht, a saber, Antonio de Castro y el marqués de Beretti Landi. Tanto Castro como Beretti Landi mantuvieron una correspondencia regular con Madrid, que apenas ha sido utilizada en la investigación histórica. Sobre la base de varios centenares de cartas, se examinará con qué intención Castro y Beretti Landi estaban destinados en Bruselas, a qué asuntos flamencos e internacionales prestaban especial atención tanto ellos mismos como sus mecenas y también cómo veían el hecho de que los antiguos Países Bajos españoles hubieran pasado a ser propiedad austríaca. Por último, las cartas también servirán para calibrar la importancia de Bruselas como encrucijada diplomática a principios del siglo XVIII.
El sitio de Luxemburgo ¿causa de la caída de un primer ministro (1682-1684)?
Authors: Sánchez García de la Cruz Juan
Published: October 2024

En las postrimerías del reinado de Carlos II la presión francesa sobre los Países Bajos españoles causó un gran impacto en la corte de Madrid. Los fracasos de las armas de la monarquía tensionaron a las élites gubernativas y tuvieron efectos notables en la articulación de la lucha política en el ámbito cortesano. La pérdida de Luxemburgo, en 1684, afectó al primer ministro, el duque de Medinaceli, que en aquel momento tuvo que lidiar con una grave conjunción de amenazas para su posición. Para comprender el impacto de este asedio y cómo afectó a la corte de Madrid es imprescindible profundizar en el contexto y los factores clave que estuvieron en juego. Este artículo busca analizar el protagonismo que tuvo el sitio de Luxemburgo en los asuntos de Estado a mediados de la década de 1680 y precisar hasta qué punto este revés determinó la supervivencia política del primer ministro.