bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The feruloyl esterase genes are required for full pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen Valsa mali
Authors: Xu Ming , Gao Xiaoning , Chen Jiliang , Yin Zhiyuan , Feng Hao , Huang Lili
Published: September 2017

Apple Valsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in East Asia. Feruloyl esterases (ferulic acid esterases, FAEs), which belong to a subclass of carboxylic esterases, can cleave ester bonds that crosslink hydroxycinnamic acids and arabinoxylans or certain pectins in plant cell walls. However, a pathogenic role of FAE has not been demonstrated in plant‐pathogenic fungi. In this study, the FAE gene family, including one type A, one type B, three type C and two type D FAE genes, was identified in V. mali. Five of the seven FAE genes had highly elevated transcript levels in V. mali–apple tree bark interactions compared with mycelia grown in axenic culture. Signal peptides of the VmFAEs were confirmed using yeast signal sequence trap assays. To examine whether FAEs are required for the pathogenicity of V. mali, seven single‐ and six double‐gene deletion mutants were generated. Compared with the wild‐type, three of the seven FAE single‐deletion mutants showed significantly reduced pathogenicity and three of the six FAE double‐deletion mutants exhibited greater reductions in pathogenicity, suggesting the joint action of FAEs in the V. mali–apple tree interaction. Most of the FAE mutants that exhibited a significant reduction in pathogenicity had significantly lower FAE activity than the wild‐type fungus. These results indicate that secreted FAEs are required for the full pathogenicity of the phytopathogenic fungus V. mali.
Weaving Together Theory, Research, Practice, and Teaching: A Four‐dimensional Approach to Negotiation and Conflict Management Work
Authors: Ebner Noam , Parlamis Jennifer
Published: September 2017

In this article, we suggest a new paradigm for writing on negotiation and conflict management that integrates theory, research, practice, and teaching. While there might be an implicit understanding that such integration is key to advancing the field, we make this explicit. Highlighting the critical aspects of this relationship, we call for a four‐dimensional approach to writing in the negotiation and conflict management field. We suggest that adopting such systematic and intentional exploration of all four dimensions should be the default approach to writing on negotiation and conflict management topics. We provide brief summaries of the articles presented in the special issue and discuss the essence, origins, and weighting of the four dimensions in each paper. Finally, we suggest that this four‐dimensional approach might have ramifications for the field's work, in areas other than writing.
The causal relationship in North American energy production
Authors: Wilmot Neil A. , Taivan Ariuna
Published: September 2017

Crude oil and natural gas production is examined to investigate the cross‐country causal relationship and interconnectedness of these markets, within the North American context. A vast infrastructure network, consisting of pipelines and railroads that connect the US and Canadian markets, with virtually all of Canada's crude oil and natural gas exports flowing south. The study is undertaken within the context of the recent US shale energy revolution based on technological advancements in drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Unique to this study is the use of production data, rather than the archetypal energy prices, to investigate the presence of bilateral relationships. Monthly, country level data on crude oil and natural gas production, over the period 2002 through 2015, is utilised. The results of standard unit root tests indicate that the production series are non‐stationary in levels, while cointegration test indicate that the markets are integrated. A bidirectional relationship is found for the crude oil market. In contrast, a unidirectional relationship is observed in the gas market – US natural gas production causes Canadian natural gas production.
Complex bud architecture and cell‐specific chemical patterns enable supercooling of Picea abies bud primordia
Authors: Kuprian Edith , Munkler Caspar , Resnyak Anna , Zimmermann Sonja , Tuong Tan D. , Gierlinger Notburga , Müller Thomas , Livingston David P. , Neuner Gilbert
Published: September 2017

Bud primordia of Picea abies, despite a frozen shoot, stay ice free down to −50 °C by a mechanism termed supercooling whose biophysical and biochemical requirements are poorly understood.

Bud architecture was assessed by 3D—reconstruction, supercooling and freezing patterns by infrared video thermography, freeze dehydration and extraorgan freezing by water potential measurements, and cell‐specific chemical patterns by Raman microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging.

A bowl‐like ice barrier tissue insulates primordia from entrance by intrinsic ice. Water repellent and densely packed bud scales prevent extrinsic ice penetration. At −18 °C, break‐down of supercooling was triggered by intrinsic ice nucleators whereas the ice barrier remained active. Temperature‐dependent freeze dehydration (−0.1 MPa K−1) caused accumulation of extraorgan ice masses that by rupture of the shoot, pith tissue are accommodated in large voids. The barrier tissue has exceptionally pectin‐rich cell walls and intercellular spaces, and the cell lumina were lined or filled with proteins, especially near the primordium. Primordial cells close to the barrier accumulate di, tri and tetrasaccharides.

Bud architecture efficiently prevents ice penetration, but ice nucleators become active inside the primordium below a temperature threshold. Biochemical patterns indicate a complex cellular interplay enabling supercooling and the necessity for cell‐specific biochemical analysis.
Attachment network structure as a predictor of romantic attachment formation and insecurity
Authors: Freeman Harry , Simons Jeffrey
Published: September 2017

We present a new framework to conceptualize normative variation in attachment network structure and use the framework to predict romantic attachment formation and attachment insecurity. Young adults (N = 2,055) completed the Attachment Network Questionnaire and were classified into one of four network types based on two comparisons: (a) between their primary and secondary figure, and (b) between their secondary and tertiary figure. Each comparison was coded as Similar (S) or Different (D), resulting in the following distribution across four network types: (a) 40% D:D—diversified; (b) 32% D:S—monotropic; (c) 19% S:D—joint principal; and (d) 9% S:S—distributed. Romantic duration predicted a developmental sequence of network structure consistent with infant attachment formation. Findings also indicated that the nonhierarchical network, distributed type, was associated with insecure attachment representations. Results suggest that attachment networks exhibit greater structural diversity than is commonly assumed and that the new framework is useful for understanding developmental and social outcomes.
Links between friends’ behaviors and the emergence of leadership in childhood: A genetically informed study of twins
Authors: Rivizzigno Alessandra S. , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel
Published: September 2017

Using a genetically informed design, this study examined whether children's leadership behavior varied as a function of their reciprocal friends’ behavioral characteristics. Specifically, we tested (a) whether friends’ use of a dual strategy (specifically, indirect aggression with prosocial behavior) was associated with children's leadership behavior and (b) whether, in line with a gene‐environment interaction (GxE), the predictive association between friends’ behaviors and children's leadership behavior varied depending on the child's genetic likelihood for leadership. The sample comprised 239 Monozygotic and same‐sex Dizygotic twin pairs (50% boys) assessed in grade 4 (mean age = 10.4 years, SD = 0.26). Reciprocal friendship and children's and their friends’ prosocial, indirectly aggressive, and physically aggressive behaviors were measured via peer nominations. Children's and friends’ leadership was measured through teacher ratings. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that children's genetic likelihood for leadership was positively associated with their leadership behavior. Moreover, the higher their genetic likelihood for leadership, the more children displayed increased leadership behavior when friends showed a combination of indirect aggression and prosocial behavior (GxE). These results underline the role of friends’ behaviors in explaining children's leadership. Socializing with bistrategic friends seems to foster leadership skills especially in children with a genetic likelihood for leadership.
Im/Mobility and Deportability in Transit: Lesvos Island, Greece, June 2015
Authors: Franck Anja K.
Published: September 2017

Over the course of the so‐called ‘European refugee crisis’ hundreds and thousands of refugees have arrived to the Greek island of Lesvos. In order to obtain permission to leave the island, and thus continue their journeys towards northern Europe, arriving refugees first have to go through a registration process. During 2015, this registration resulted in refugees being given an ‘administrative deportation order,’ which de jure expelled the refugees from Greek territory but de facto allowed them to leave the island and continue their travels. This ‘administrative deportation order’ was therefore pursued by the arriving refugees as a ‘travel’ rather than ‘expulsion’ document. Following the experiences of a group of Syrian refugees in their endeavors to get registered and leave the island of Lesvos in June 2015, this paper illustrates how refugees actively navigate the systems that govern their (im)mobility – and how their alternative reading and usage of the administrative deportation order also has broader political consequences.
Statistics using just one formula
Authors: Rosenthal Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2017

This article advocates that introductory statistics be taught by basing all calculations on a single simple margin‐of‐error formula and deriving all of the standard introductory statistical concepts (confidence intervals, significance tests, comparisons of means and proportions, etc) from that one formula. It is argued that this approach will better emphasize the core concepts and commonality of statistics and range of statistical applications, without forcing the students to memorize lots of different equations.
Microwave background teams mull a grand unification
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: September 2017

United effort would aid search for signs of cosmic inflation.
The preprint dilemma
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: September 2017

Biologists are posting unreviewed papers in record numbers. Here's a survival guide.
Kinetics of dCas9 target search in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Jones Daniel Lawson , Leroy Prune , Unoson Cecilia , Fange David , Ćurić Vladimir , Lawson Michael J. , Elf Johan
Published: September 2017

Flexible association comes at a price

The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is guided to its target DNA sequence by a small RNA that must search the genome to find its target site. To allow the guide RNA to bind, Cas9 must unwind the DNA at each location that it searches. Jones
et al.
used single-molecule fluorescence methods and bulk biochemistry to show that Cas9 takes 6 hours to find its target sequence, with each potential target bound for less than 30 ms. Overall, the CRISPR-Cas9 system pays for its flexible association mechanism with slow kinetics, but this can be overcome by using high concentrations of Cas9 and guide RNA.

Science
, this issue p.
1420
Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe
Authors: Hirano Shingo , Hosokawa Takashi , Yoshida Naoki , Kuiper Rolf
Published: September 2017

Making the first supermassive black holes

Supermassive black holes existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang. Because black holes can grow at a maximum rate that depends on their current mass, it has been difficult to understand how such massive black holes could have formed so quickly. Hirano
et al.
developed simulations to show that streaming motions—velocity offsets between the gas and dark matter components—could have produced black holes with tens of thousands of solar masses in the early universe. That's big enough to grow into the supermassive black holes that we observe today.

Science
, this issue p.
1375
Changes in the microbiota cause genetically modified
Anopheles
to spread in a population
Authors: Pike Andrew , Dong Yuemei , Dizaji Nahid Borhani , Gacita Anthony , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Dimopoulos George
Published: September 2017

Getting to the guts of mosquito control

Malaria persistently evades our best efforts to eliminate it. Pike
et al.
genetically modified malaria vector mosquitoes to be more immune-resistant to infection by the parasite, which altered the composition of the mosquitoes' gut bacteria. Genetically modified male (female) mosquitoes preferentially mated with wild-type females (males). Ten generations later, the genetically modified mosquitoes constituted 90% of a caged population without losing resistance to the malaria parasite. In an alternative strategy, Wang
et al.
engineered mosquitoes' gut bacteria. A strain of nonpathogenic bacteria, AS1, was both sexually and transgenerationally transmitted. The strain infected a laboratory population of mosquitoes and persisted for at least three generations. AS1 engineered to inhibit malaria parasite development in the midgut could do so without handicapping the mosquitoes.

Science
, this issue p.
1396
, p.
1399
Gating of social reward by oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Hung Lin W. , Neuner Sophie , Polepalli Jai S. , Beier Kevin T. , Wright Matthew , Walsh Jessica J. , Lewis Eastman M. , Luo Liqun , Deisseroth Karl , Dölen Gül , Malenka Robert C.
Published: September 2017

Brain circuits that modulate sociability

Understanding the neural mechanisms that mediate social reward has important societal and clinical implications. Hung
et al.
found that release of the neuropeptide oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area of the brain increased prosocial behaviors in mice (see the Perspective by Preston). Optogenetic manipulation of oxytocin release influenced sociability in a context-dependent manner. Oxytocin increased activity in dopamine cells that project to the nucleus accumbens, another key node of reward circuitry in the brain.

Science
, this issue p.
1406
; see also p.
1353
Driving mosquito refractoriness to
Plasmodium falciparum
with engineered symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Wang Sibao , Dos-Santos André L. A. , Huang Wei , Liu Kun Connie , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Wei Ge , Agre Peter , Jacobs-Lorena Marcelo
Published: September 2017

Getting to the guts of mosquito control

Malaria persistently evades our best efforts to eliminate it. Pike
et al.
genetically modified malaria vector mosquitoes to be more immune-resistant to infection by the parasite, which altered the composition of the mosquitoes' gut bacteria. Genetically modified male (female) mosquitoes preferentially mated with wild-type females (males). Ten generations later, the genetically modified mosquitoes constituted 90% of a caged population without losing resistance to the malaria parasite. In an alternative strategy, Wang
et al.
engineered mosquitoes' gut bacteria. A strain of nonpathogenic bacteria, AS1, was both sexually and transgenerationally transmitted. The strain infected a laboratory population of mosquitoes and persisted for at least three generations. AS1 engineered to inhibit malaria parasite development in the midgut could do so without handicapping the mosquitoes.

Science
, this issue p.
1396
, p.
1399
Frequency combs enable rapid and high-resolution multidimensional coherent spectroscopy
Authors: Lomsadze Bachana , Cundiff Steven T.
Published: September 2017

Comb quickly through a spectral zoo

Dual-comb spectroscopy relies on a pair of laser pulses with multiple frequencies distributed like tines in a comb. It is a rapid means of characterizing atoms and molecules in fine detail, but, when applied to complex mixtures, it can produce a sea of peaks that are hard to discriminate. Lomsadze and Cundiff present a protocol to extend dual comb spectroscopy into the nonlinear regime. The cross-peaks that appear in the resulting two-dimensional spectra allow assignment of crowded features to common sources, as demonstrated for an isotopic mixture of
87
Rb and
85
Rb.

Science
, this issue p.
1389
Genome Editing of Food-Grade Lactobacilli To Develop Therapeutic Probiotics
Authors: van Pijkeren Jan-Peter , Barrangou Rodolphe
Published: September 2017

Lactic acid bacteria have been used historically for food manufacturing mainly to ensure preservation via fermentation. More recently, lactic acid bacteria have been exploited to promote human health, and many strains serve as industrial workhorses. Recent advances in microbiology and molecular biology have contributed to understanding the genetic basis of many of their functional attributes. These include dissection of biochemical processes that drive food fermentation, and identification and characterization of health-promoting features that positively impact the composition and roles of microbiomes in human health. Recently, the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based technologies has revolutionized our ability to manipulate genomes, and we are on the cusp of a broad-scale genome editing revolution. Here, we discuss recent advances in genetic alteration of food-grade bacteria, with a focus on CRISPR-associated enzyme genome editing, single-stranded DNA recombineering, and the modification of bacteriophages. These tools open new avenues for the genesis of next-generation biotherapeutic agents with improved genotypes and enhanced health-promoting functional features.
Embolization of a cavernous carotid fistula through the vein of Labbé: a new alternative transvenous access route
Authors: Konstas Angelos Aristeidis , Song Alice , Song Julia , Thanos Aristomenis , Ross Ian B
Published: September 2017

Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) via a transvenous approach is standard, but in rare cases this approach is challenging due to absence or thrombosis of the commonly used venous routes. A 61-year-old woman presented with a symptomatic CCF with all but one of the venous access routes to the CCF thrombosed, leaving an engorged superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) as the only venous outflow from the cavernous sinus. Access to the CCF was made possible after careful navigation of the sigmoid sinus, the vein of Labbé and the SMCV, bypassing the need for surgical access to the SMCV or for a direct transorbital puncture. The CCF was completely occluded by coiling and Onyx embolization. The patient made an uneventful recovery, with resolution of her symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this access route has not been previously reported in the treatment of CCFs.
Dynamic calculations of the core/shell structured Ising-type endohedral fullerenes: The effect of core and core/shell interaction
Authors: Kantar Ersin
Published: September 2017

In this study, we examine by comparing the dynamic magnetic and hysteretic properties of Ising-type endohedral fullerene (EF) with various dopant magnetic particles confined within a spherical cage. The model of EF X@C[Formula: see text] with X = spin-1/2, spin-1 and spin-3/2 is proposed to study the effect of the nature of core particle on the magnetic properties. The results were obtained by mean-field theory as well as Glauber-type stochastic dynamics, and focused on the response of thermal and hysteretic behaviors of systems. The system exhibits second- and first-order phase transitions. In three different core cases, the system also exhibits type-II superconductivity behavior with a dynamic hysteresis curves of the core. All results display magnetic properties of the EF which strongly depend on the nature of core particle. Moreover, core particle and core/shell (C–S) interaction are proposed as the basic factors affecting the magnetic properties of EF system.
On sufficient frame conditions for periodic wavelet systems
Authors: Andrianov Pavel
Published: September 2017

Sufficient frame conditions for periodic dual wavelet are established. These conditions are given in terms of the Fourier coefficients. A way of constructing dual wavelet Riesz bases starting with trigonometric polynomials is provided.
Quantum correlations and coherence dynamics in qutrit–qutrit systems under mixed classical environmental noises
Authors: Arthur Tsamouo Tsokeng , Martin Tchoffo , Fai Lukong Cornelius
Published: September 2017

We investigate the dynamics of entanglement, quantum discord (QD) and state coherence in a bipartite and noninteracting spin-qutrits system under mixed classical noises. Specifically, the collective effects of static noise (SN) and random telegraphic noise (RTN) each being coupled with a marginal system, are analyzed. While the static noise models a non-Markovian environment, the dynamic noise can model both a Markovian or a non-Markovian environment, and both dynamics are studied. We show that quantum correlations and coherence may survive the noise degrading effects at sufficiently long time when the Markovian regime of the RTN is considered. Meanwhile, the opposite is found in the non-Markovian regime, wherein the nonmonotonic dynamics of quantum features avoid sudden death phenomena. However, the static noise is more fatal to the survival of quantum correlations and quantum state coherence as compared to the RTN.
An approach to viscoelastic characterization of dispersive media by inversion of a general wave propagation model
Authors: Zvietcovich Fernando , Rolland Jannick P. , Parker Kevin J.
Published: September 2017

In the characterization of elastic properties of tissue using dynamic optical coherence elastography, shear/surface waves are propagated and tracked in order to estimate speed and Young’s modulus. However, for dispersive tissues, the displacement pulse is highly damped and distorted during propagation, diminishing the effectiveness of peak tracking approaches, and leading to biased estimates of wave speed. Further, plane wave propagation is sometimes assumed, which contributes to estimation errors. Therefore, we invert a wave propagation model that incorporates propagation, decay, and distortion of pulses in a dispersive media in order to accurately estimate its elastic and viscous components. The model uses a general first-order approximation of dispersion, avoiding the use of any particular rheological model of tissue. Experiments are conducted in elastic and viscoelastic tissue-mimicking phantoms by producing a Gaussian push using acoustic radiation force excitation and measuring the wave propagation using a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the inversion method in estimating viscoelastic parameters in both the viscoelastic and elastic phantoms when compared to mechanical measurements. Finally, the viscoelastic characterization of a fresh porcine cornea was conducted. Preliminary results validate this approach when compared to other methods.
vNFS
Authors: Chen Ming , Bangera Geetika Babu , Hildebrand Dean , Jalia Farhaan , Kuenning Geoff , Nelson Henry , Zadok Erez
Published: September 2017

Modern systems use networks extensively, accessing both services and storage across local and remote networks. Latency is a key performance challenge, and packing multiple small operations into fewer large ones is an effective way to amortize that cost, especially after years of significant improvement in bandwidth but not latency. To this end, the NFSv4 protocol supports a
compounding
feature to combine multiple operations. Yet compounding has been underused since its conception because the synchronous POSIX file-system API issues only one (small) request at a time.

We propose
vNFS
, an NFSv4.1-compliant client that exposes a vectorized high-level API and leverages NFS
compound procedures
to maximize performance. We designed and implemented vNFS as a user-space RPC library that supports an assortment of bulk operations on multiple files and directories. We found it easy to modify several UNIX utilities, an HTTP/2 server, and Filebench to use vNFS. We evaluated vNFS under a wide range of workloads and network latency conditions, showing that vNFS improves performance even for low-latency networks. On high-latency networks, vNFS can improve performance by as much as two orders of magnitude.
Application Crash Consistency and Performance with CCFS
Authors: Pillai Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana , Alagappan Ramnatthan , Lu Lanyue , Chidambaram Vijay , Arpaci-Dusseau Andrea C. , Arpaci-Dusseau Remzi H.
Published: September 2017

Recent research has shown that applications often incorrectly implement crash consistency. We present the Crash-Consistent File System (ccfs), a file system that improves the correctness of application-level crash consistency protocols while maintaining high performance. A key idea in ccfs is the abstraction of a
stream
. Within a stream, updates are committed in program order, improving correctness; across streams, there are no ordering restrictions, enabling scheduling flexibility and high performance. We empirically demonstrate that applications running atop ccfs achieve high levels of crash consistency. Further, we show that ccfs performance under standard file-system benchmarks is excellent, in the worst case on par with the highest performing modes of Linux ext4, and in some cases notably better. Overall, we demonstrate that both application correctness and high performance can be realized in a modern file system.
Suggesting Points-of-Interest via Content-Based, Collaborative, and Hybrid Fusion Methods in Mobile Devices
Authors: Arampatzis Avi , Kalamatianos Georgios
Published: September 2017

Recommending venues or points-of-interest (POIs) is a hot topic in recent years, especially for tourism applications and mobile users. We propose and evaluate several suggestion methods, taking an effectiveness, feasibility, efficiency, and privacy perspective. The task is addressed by two content-based methods (a Weighted kNN classifier and a Rated Rocchio personalized query), Collaborative Filtering methods, as well as several (rank-based or rating-based) methods of merging results of different systems. Effectiveness is evaluated on two standard benchmark datasets, provided and used by TREC’s Contextual Suggestion Tracks in 2015 and 2016. First, we enrich these datasets with more information on venues, collected from web services like Foursquare and Yelp; we make this extra data available for future experimentation. Then, we find that the content-based methods provide state-of-the-art effectiveness, the collaborative filtering variants mostly suffer from data sparsity problems in the current datasets, and the merging methods further improve results by mainly promoting the first relevant suggestion. Concerning mobile feasibility, efficiency, and user privacy, the content-based methods, especially Rated Rocchio, are the best. Collaborative filtering has the worst efficiency and privacy leaks. Our findings can be very useful for developing effective and efficient operational systems, respecting user privacy. Last, our experiments indicate that better benchmark datasets would be welcome, and the use of additional evaluation measures—more sensitive in recall—is recommended.
Price Shock Detection With an Influence-Based Model of Social Attention
Authors: Xiao Keli , Liu Qi , Liu Chuanren , Xiong Hui
Published: September 2017

There has been increasing interest in exploring the impact of human behavior on financial market dynamics. One of the important related questions is whether attention from society can lead to significant stock price movements or even abnormal returns. To answer the question, we develop a new measurement of social attention, named
periodic cumulative degree of social attention
, by simultaneously considering the individual influence and the information propagation in social networks. Based on the vast social network data, we evaluate the new attention measurement by testing its significance in explaining future abnormal returns. In addition, we test the forecasting ability of social attention for stock price shocks, defined by the cumulative abnormal returns. Our results provide significant evidence to support the intercorrelated relationship between the social attention and future abnormal returns. The outperformance of the new approach in predicting price shocks is also confirmed by comparison with several benchmark methods.
Teorias e métodos em melhoramento genético animal: seleção
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Eler Joanir Pereira
Published: September 2017

Composta de três volumes, a coleção Teorias e métodos em melhoramento genético animal tem como principal objetivo servir como material básico para as disciplinas de Melhoramento Genético Animal, ministradas aos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, possibilitando o embasamento necessário. A coleção abarca, dentre outras discussões, os conceitos mais importantes de genética populacional e quantitativa, conceitos de predição do mérito genético e seleção utilizando diversas fontes de informação, e salienta alguns sistemas de acasalamento que levam ao aumento de produtividade sem onerar demasiadamente os custos, ou seja, sistemas que resultam em maior retorno econômico.
INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE, INFRAESTRUTURA ECOLÓGICA E SISTEMA DE ESPAÇOS ABERTOS: COMO LIMA, CAPITAL PERUANA, VEM SE APROPRIANDO DESSES CONCEITOS FRENTE ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICA
Authors: Marques Taícia Helena Negrin
Published: September 2017

Os desafios frente aos incertos impactos das Mudanças Climáticas vem fazendo com que pesquisadores, gestores públicos e privados, planejadores e atores cada vez mais diversos discutam, desenvolvam e apliquem conceitos ecológicos às infraestruturas.Tanto nos meios urbanos quanto nos ecossistemas provedores da maioria dos recursos consumidos nas cidades, os objetivos propostos são variáveis em sua espeficidade, mas de forma geral focam em garantir o fornecimento dos recursos naturais para as próximas gerações e/ou criar capacidade de resiliência no meio urbano. Nesse cenário, o Perú vem apresentando avanços importantes e inovadores, embora incipientes, quanto à aplicação de conceitos tais como Infraestrutura Verde, Infraestrutura Ecológica e Sistema de Espacos Abertos, abordando tanto escalas de paisagem como escalas locais.
Murilo Rubião: um século de fantástica contemporaneidade na insaciabilidade de “Bárbara”
Authors: Rodrigues Edison de Abreu
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo ressaltar aspectos da contemporaneidade na obra de Murilo Rubião por meio de uma breve análise do conto “Bárbara”. Tal conto, além de representar muito bem a obra do autor, carrega em si o diálogo harmônico entre o fantástico e o contemporâneo.
Rubião por Rubião: a poética muriliana em um conto metalinguístico
Authors: Soares Marcelo Pacheco
Published: September 2017

Este artigo investiga as características da produção contística de Murilo Rubião e suas principais influências (Edgar Allan Poe, Machado de Assis, Franz Kafka, textos bíblicos) com base nas evidências identificadas em seu conto metalinguístico “Marina, a Intangível”.
Lembranças de um tio: facetas murilianas
Authors: Nunes Sandra Regina Chaves
Published: September 2017

Entrevista com Sílvia Rubião.
Toward Sustainable Peace: A New Research Agenda for Post-Conflict Natural Resource Management
Authors: Krampe Florian
Published: September 2017

This forum reflects upon the current state of research on post-conflict natural resource management. It identifies two dominant perspectives on environmental peacebuilding in the literature: one focused on environmental cooperation, the other on resource risk. Both perspectives share a concern for the sustainable management of natural resources in post-conflict settings and prescribe environmental cooperation at large as a means to foster peace and stability. Yet both perspectives also feature notable differences: The cooperation perspective is driven by a faith in the potential of environmental cooperation to contribute to long-term peace through spillover effects. The resource risk perspective, however, recognizes that resource-induced instability may arise after intrastate conflict; stressing the need to mitigate instability by implementing environmental cooperation initiatives. Despite the significant contributions of both perspectives, neither has provided any cohesive theoretical understanding of environmental peacebuilding. This article suggests a timely revision of the research agenda to address this gap.
Tracing Failure of Coral Reef Protection in Nonstate Market-Driven Governance
Authors: Bloomfield Michael J. , Schleifer Philip
Published: September 2017

Institutional failure remains an important blind spot in the private governance literature. In this article we argue that a focus on scope conditions alone cannot explain why some programs thrive while others cease to exist. Studying the now-defunct Marine Aquarium Council—a certification program for coral reef protection—we adopt an institutional-process approach to fill this gap. Our main points can be summarized in a two-step argument: First, we argue that the scope conditions of private governance are partly endogenous to these processes. Through making strategic decisions, private governance programs have a certain level of control over their environment, and thus over the scope conditions under which they operate. Second, initial choices often unfold path dependencies over time. By tracing the evolution of the Marine Aquarium Council, we illustrate the program’s “mission creep” and the “vicious cycle” of self-reinforcing activity that culminated in its failure.
From the Celestial Globe to the Astrolabe Transferring Celestial Motion onto the Plane of the Astrolabe
Authors: Vafea Flora
Published: September 2017

The celestial globe is an early astronomical instrument that gives a realistic view of the heavens and the stars and can simulate the celestial motion, but has some disadvantages such as difficulties in construction, transportation and in carrying out measurements. The astrolabe is an evolution of the celestial globe; it represents the celestial sphere projected onto the plane, retaining the celestial ratios. It provides accurate measurements and helps in solving a great variety of astronomical problems. The aim of this paper is to show how various processes have been transferred from the celestial globe to the astrolabe, determining the form of each part of the astrolabe.
Fit for a King: Decoding the Great Sloane Astrolabe and Other English Astrolabes with “Quatrefoil” Retes
Authors: Davis John
Published: September 2017

The great Sloane astrolabe in the British Museum is the largest and most important of all medieval English instruments and yet its history is completely lost. In this paper, evidence from its various engravings is used to show that it is likely to have been commissioned, ca. 1326, by Richard de Bury as a teaching tool for Prince Edward of Windsor who was soon to become King Edward iii. Comparisons are made with two illuminated manuscripts, the “Milemete Treatise” and a copy of the Secretum Secretorum, which were also used in the Prince’s education. Two other medieval astrolabes, now in Liège and in the London Science Museum, are believed to be closely associated with the Sloane instrument and derived from it.
European Astrolabes to ca. 1500: An Ordered List
Authors: King David A.
Published: September 2017

Research on medieval European astrolabes has hitherto been somewhat haphazard. Most pieces are unsigned and undated, many difficult to assign to a specific region. Some early ones cannot be understood without reference to the Islamic tradition from which they derive. What are perhaps the most important pieces from a historical point of view—the earliest-known astrolabe, from 10th-century Catalonia, and the astrolabe made by the leading astronomer of 15th-century Europe, Regiomontanus,—were declared fakes or suspicious before they could be studied seriously. A detailed study of groups of related instruments, for example, those with Hebrew inscriptions, is a most welcome contribution. A survey of the clearly-identifiable astrolabes made in medieval England (or France or Italy) has never been undertaken; maybe this list might encourage somebody willing to learn the language of instruments to undertake such a task.
Changing the Angle of Vision: Astrolabe Dials on Astronomical Clocks
Authors: Oestmann Günther
Published: September 2017

From the middle of the fourteenth century until the Early Modern period, several monumental astronomical clocks were erected in Europe, and on many of them astrolabe dials were placed. On a group of earlier clocks, “southern astrolabes” (i.e. with stereographic projection from the North Pole) were employed, whereas later examples show a “northern astrolabe” (i.e., a stereographic projection from the South Pole), which is commonly used on portable astrolabes. The material and textual evidence as well as reasons for this change shall be examined. Moreover, the question of transmission of special variants of stereographic projection from East to West will be discussed.
The Right to Benefit from an Effective Remedy against Decisions Implying the Return of Asylum-seekers to European Safe Countries
Authors: Morgades-Gil Silvia
Published: September 2017

During the first phase of the ceas, the cjeu considered that asylum-seekers had only limited opportunities to appeal against decisions to transfer them to other European countries based on the Dublin system. This interpretation was contrary to the right to an effective remedy enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and recognised as a principle of eu Law. With the second phase of the ceas, the cjeu ruled on two judgements in June 2016 (Ghezelbash and Karim) in which asylum-seekers benefited from the right to an effective remedy against Dublin transfer decisions. The scope of the judicial review was not limited to cases where there was a risk of being subjected to inhuman treatment as a result of ‘systemic deficiencies’ in the procedures and reception conditions in the receiving country. This article argues that this shift in the jurisprudence of the cjeu restores asylum-seekers’ status as subjects of eu Law.
Book Review: Our Senses: Gateways to Consciousness, written by Rob DeSalle
Authors: Spence Charles
Published: September 2017

Charles Spence reviews Rob DeSalle’s (2018) new bookOur Senses: Gateways to Consciousness, a popular science look at the neuroscience behind the senses set in an evolutionary context.
Genera, subgenera, species and subspecies of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) described, named, renamed or given new rank by Paul Schulze (1887–1949) and their current status
Authors: GUGLIELMONE A. A. , PETNEY T. N. , MASTROPAOLO M. , ROBBINS R. G.
Published: September 2017

The names for 19 genera, 17 subgenera, 150 species and 150 subspecies of Ixodidae described by Paul Schulze, names changed by him after the revision of certain taxa, new ranks for names originally described by other authors, a few lapsus calamorum and some incorrect names ascribed to Schulze by other workers are discussed. Two genera (Cosmiomma and Nosomma) are valid, but most of Schulze’s subgenera are difficult to assess because of the current disarray that prevails at this classificatory level in the Ixodidae. Thirty-six of 150 species names discussed by Schulze are considered valid herein (3 species of Amblyomma, 1 Bothriocroton, 1 Cosmiomma, 6 Dermacentor, 4 Haemaphysalis, 5 Hyalomma, 13 Ixodes, 1 Nosomma and 2 Rhipicephalus), while 28 are valid species epithets that are currently assigned to different genera (e.g., Acarus undatus was formerly classified in the genus Aponomma but is currently known as Bothriocroton undatum). Twenty-nine of these valid species names were authored by Schulze or Schulze & Schlottke. The remaining species names are mostly synonyms or names that are incertae sedis, nomen nudum or lapsus calamorum. The 150 subspecific names are treated as synonyms of valid species or as nomina nuda, nomina dubia, incertae sedis or lapsus calamorum. Many names used by Schulze have been synonymized based on sound systematic research, but the justification for synonymizing other names is occasionally weak. It will be important to take these names into account if, as has already happened, future molecular and morphological studies result in the reinstatement of Schulze names currently considered synonyms. This situation has particular relevance for Amblyomma geoemydae, the Amblyomma marmoreum species complex, Amblyomma testudinarium, Oriental species of Dermacentor, Hyalomma in general, Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes lividus, Ixodes trianguliceps and Ixodes uriae. In conclusion, the prolific contributions of Paul Schulze have their weak points —the many species and subspecies of Hyalomma described by him are unjustified as is the alleged worldwide distribution of the former genus Aponomma—but his perception of the complexity of the genus Dermacentor (under Indocentor) in the Oriental and Australasian Zoogeographic Regions, as well as his understanding of tick biodiversity in these regions constitute seminal scientific achievements.
Taxonomic review of the ladybird genus Sticholotis from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: WANG XINGMIN , ESCALONA HERMES E. , REN SHUNXIANG , XIAOSHENG CHEN
Published: September 2017

The Chinese species of the genus Sticholotis Crotch are described, a key for their identification is provided and most of the species are illustrated. The number of Chinese species of Sticholotis was increased from fourteen to fourty-four. Twenty-five species were newly described: S. acutifolia Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. brachyloba Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. clavata Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. crassa Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. dadugangensis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. denticuligera Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. dilatata Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. flammula Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. illecebrosa Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. jinpingensis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. latissima Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. magnopunctata Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. maolanensis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. nanlingensis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. neckiformis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. obesa Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. octopunctata Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. pengi Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. robusta Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. simplifulva Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. taenia Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. tenuis Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. tortus Wang & Ren sp. nov., S. wenchangia Wang & Ren sp. nov. and S. wuzhishana Wang & Ren sp. nov. Five species were newly recorded: S. vietnamica Hoàng, S. carinica (Gorham), S. hoabinhensis Hoàng, S. cinctipennis Weise from Yunnan Province and S. denticulata Hoàng from Guangxi Province.
Atmospheric Dynamics is the Largest Source of Uncertainty in Future Winter European Rainfall
Authors: Fereday David , Chadwick Robin , Knight Jeff , Scaife Adam A.
Published: September 2017

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report highlighted large uncertainty in European precipitation changes in the coming century. This paper investigates the sources of intermodel differences using CMIP5 model European precipitation data. The contribution of atmospheric circulation to differences in precipitation trends is investigated by applying cluster analysis to daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data. The resulting classification is used to reconstruct monthly precipitation time series, thereby isolating the component of precipitation variability directly related to atmospheric circulation. Reconstructed observed precipitation and reconstructions of simulated historical and projection data are well correlated with the original precipitation series, showing that circulation variability accounts for a substantial fraction of European precipitation variability. Removing the reconstructed precipitation from the original precipitation leaves a residual component related to noncirculation effects (and any small remaining circulation effects). Intermodel spread in residual future European precipitation trends is substantially reduced compared to the spread of the original precipitation trends. Uncertainty in future atmospheric circulation accounts for more than half of the intermodel variance in twenty-first-century precipitation trends for winter months for both northern and southern Europe. Furthermore, a substantial part of this variance is related to different forced dynamical responses in different models and is therefore potentially reducible. These results highlight the importance of understanding future changes in atmospheric dynamics in achieving more robust projections of regional climate change. Finally, the possible dynamical mechanisms that may drive the future differences in regional circulation and precipitation are illustrated by examining simulated teleconnections with tropical precipitation.
Impact of Snow Grain Shape and Black Carbon–Snow Internal Mixing on Snow Optical Properties: Parameterizations for Climate Models
Authors: He Cenlin , Takano Yoshi , Liou Kuo-Nan , Yang Ping , Li Qinbin , Chen Fei
Published: September 2017

A set of parameterizations is developed for spectral single-scattering properties of clean and black carbon (BC)-contaminated snow based on geometric-optics surface wave (GOS) computations, which explicitly resolves BC–snow internal mixing and various snow grain shapes. GOS calculations show that, compared with nonspherical grains, volume-equivalent snow spheres show up to 20% larger asymmetry factors and hence stronger forward scattering, particularly at wavelengths <1 μm. In contrast, snow grain sizes have a rather small impact on the asymmetry factor at wavelengths <1 μm, whereas size effects are important at longer wavelengths. The snow asymmetry factor is parameterized as a function of effective size, aspect ratio, and shape factor and shows excellent agreement with GOS calculations. According to GOS calculations, the single-scattering coalbedo of pure snow is predominantly affected by grain sizes, rather than grain shapes, with higher values for larger grains. The snow single-scattering coalbedo is parameterized in terms of the effective size that combines shape and size effects, with an accuracy of >99%. Based on GOS calculations, BC–snow internal mixing enhances the snow single-scattering coalbedo at wavelengths <1 μm, but it does not alter the snow asymmetry factor. The BC-induced enhancement ratio of snow single-scattering coalbedo, independent of snow grain size and shape, is parameterized as a function of BC concentration with an accuracy of >99%. Overall, in addition to snow grain size, both BC–snow internal mixing and snow grain shape play critical roles in quantifying BC effects on snow optical properties. The present parameterizations can be conveniently applied to snow, land surface, and climate models including snowpack radiative transfer processes.