bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of Stable Contact States in the Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand with Soft Materials and Rigid Structures
Authors: Li Yongyao , Liu Yufei , Li Qingzhan , Zeng Yi , Yin Chengxin , Sun Zeyuan , Zheng Dongdong , Du Yu , Cong Ming , Jiang Lei
Published: April 2024

Conducting contact state analysis enhances the stability of object grasping by an anthropomorphic robotic hand. The incorporation of soft materials grants the anthropomorphic robotic hand a compliant nature during interactions with objects, which, in turn, poses challenges for accurate contact state analysis. According to the characteristic of the anthropomorphic robotic hand’s compliant contact, a kinetostatic modeling method based on the pseudo-rigid-body model is proposed. It can realize the mapping between contact force and driving torque. On this basis, the stable contact states of the anthropomorphic robotic hand under the envelope grasping mode are further analyzed, which are used to reasonably plan the contact position of the anthropomorphic robotic hand before grasping an object. Experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed approach during grasping and ensure stable contact in the initial grasping stage. It significantly contributes to enhancing the reliability of the anthropomorphic robotic hand’s ability to securely grasp objects.
Improving sEMG-Based Hand Gesture Recognition through Optimizing Parameters and Sliding Voting Classifiers
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Shizhao , Li Xiao , Qu Leyi , Zhuang Bowen , Han Gujing
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a preliminary study that proposes to improve surface electromyography (sEMG)-based hand gesture recognition through optimizing parameters and sliding voting classifiers. Targeting the high-performing myoelectric control system, the traditional methods for hand gesture recognition still need to further improve the classification accuracy and utilization rate for sEMG signals. Therefore, the proposed method first optimizes parameters to reduce redundant information by selecting the proper values for the window length, the overlapping rate, the number of channels, and the features of sEMG signals. In addition, the random forest (RF) classifier is an advanced classifier for sEMG-based hand gesture recognition. To further improve classification performance, this paper proposes a sliding voting random forest (SVRF) classifier which can reduce potential pseudo decisions made by the RF classifier. Finally, experiments were conducted using two sEMG datasets, named DB2 and DB4, from the NinaPro database, as well as self-collected data. The results illustrate a certain improvement in classification accuracy based on the optimized values for window length, overlapping rate, number of channels, and features of sEMG signals. And the SVRF classifier can significantly improve performance with higher accuracy compared with the traditional linear discriminate analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and RF classifiers.
Forensic Analysis of wxSQLite3-Encrypted Databases and Its Application
Authors: Kang Soojin , Kim Giyoon , Hur Uk , Kim Jongsung
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on digital forensic investigations of the databases used in an instant messenger application. Instant messengers store and manage user data in databases, which can be encrypted for privacy protection. We proposed a method to identify and decrypt an SQLite version 3.40.0 database encrypted using wxSQLite3 version 4.9.1, and then we examined the LINE instant messenger application to validate the proposed method. As a result, we successfully acquired the wxSQLite3 passphrase, which was used to decrypt the database of the LINE messenger application. We also performed artifact analysis to enumerate the data from a digital forensics perspective. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to propose a method to identify and decrypt of wxSQLite3-encrypted database and its applications.
Optimizing the Recovery of Latent Heat of Condensation from the Flue Gas Stream through the Combustion of Solid Biomass with a High Moisture Content
Authors: Kabiesz Jarosław , Kubica Robert
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on a specific method of heat recovery in combustion systems especially dedicated to wet biomass. Solid biofuels such as woodchips or bark are sources of renewable energy, a substitute of fossil fuels, of dynamically growing importance due to the energy transformation towards a zero-emission economy. Various solutions are generally known, in particular those based on absorption and compressor heat pumps. The solution presented here eliminates the need for such expensive equipment while maintaining very high efficiency. It involves a system of several suitably configured scrubbers. Chemcad 8 simulation shows how the fluid flow rates affect the efficiency of the proposed solution. Optimal configuration of the system and adjustment of the process parameters (flow rates of water in scrubbers circuits) result in a thermal efficiency as high as 108.2%, close to the maximum theoretically achievable efficiency (111%). The system was compared with other existing solutions for efficiency. The performance of the system was examined under different operating conditions to determine the optimum. The effect of an increased fuel moisture content on efficiency was determined. It was shown that the key to achieving significant cost benefits for such a solution is to optimise the flow rates of the circulating fluids.
On the Effect of Nonlinear Damping Sources in Output-Only Identification Methods Applied to Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Pimenta Francisco , Pedrelli Vitor Liotto , Vanelli Thea , Magalhães Filipe
Published: April 2024

Output-only methods for modal identification are only strictly valid if a set of requirements are fulfilled regarding both structural and environmental conditions. A particularly challenging effect in wind turbine dynamics is the significant presence of nonlinear damping sources coming from aerodynamic forces and, in offshore applications, hydrodynamic forces on the substructure. In this work, the impact of these terms is firstly discussed in analytical terms, and then the corresponding effect on the performance of the covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification is evaluated on a single-degree-of-freedom model. The analysis is then extended to a full hydro-aeroelastic simulation of a 5 MW floating wind turbine using the open source software OpenFAST, mimicking the structural response in free decay tests and in parked conditions with turbulent wind fields. The results show that output-only identification methods are applicable in these challenging scenarios, but the results obtained must be carefully interpreted, since their dependence on the environmental conditions and motion amplitude imply that they are not directly translated into the structure properties, although still closely related to them.
Reduction of Iron Oxides for CO2 Capture Materials
Authors: Fabozzi Antonio , Cerciello Francesca , Senneca Osvalda
Published: April 2024

The iron industry is the largest energy-consuming manufacturing sector in the world, emitting 4–5% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2). The development of iron-based systems for CO2 capture and storage could effectively contribute to reducing CO2 emissions. A wide set of different iron oxides, such as hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wüstite (Fe(1−y)O) could in fact be employed for CO2 capture at room temperature and pressure upon an investigation of their capturing properties. In order to achieve the most functional iron oxide form for CO2 capture, starting from Fe2O3, a reducing agent such as hydrogen (H2) or carbon monoxide (CO) can be employed. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art and recent advances on the different iron oxide materials employed, as well as on their reduction reactions with H2 and CO.
Experimental Investigation of Thermoacoustics and High-Frequency Combustion Dynamics with Band Stop Characteristics in a Pressurized Combustor
Authors: Kapucu Mehmet , Kok Jim B. W. , Pozarlik Artur K.
Published: April 2024

In combustor systems, thermoacoustic instabilities may occur and must be avoided for reliable operation. An acoustic network model can be used to predict the eigenfrequencies of the instabilities and the growth rate by incorporating the combustion dynamics with a flame transfer function (FTF). The FTF defines the interconnection between burner aerodynamics and the rate of combustion. In the current study, the method to measure the FTF in a pressurized combustor is explored. A siren unit, mounted in the fuel line, induced a fuel flow excitation of variable amplitude and high maximum frequency. This was performed here for pressurized conditions at 1.5 bar and 3 bar and at a thermal power of 125 kW and 250 kW. In addition to the experimental investigation, a 1-D acoustic network model approach is used. In the model, thermoviscous damping effects and reflection coefficients are incorporated. The model results compare well with experimental data, indicating that the proposed method to determine the FTF is reliable. In the approach, a combination of an FTF with a band stop approach and a network modeling approach was applied. The method provides a good match between experimentally observed behavior and an analytical approach and can be used for instability analysis.
The Second Quantum Revolution: Unexplored Facts and Latest News
Authors: Intonti Kimberly , Viscardi Loredana , Lamberti Veruska , Matteucci Amedeo , Micciola Bruno , Modestino Michele , Noce Canio
Published: April 2024

The Second Quantum Revolution refers to a contemporary wave of advancements and breakthroughs in the field of quantum physics that extends beyond the early developments of Quantum Mechanics that occurred in the 20th century. One crucial aspect of this revolution is the deeper exploration and practical application of quantum entanglement. Entanglement serves as a cornerstone in the ongoing revolution, contributing to quantum computing, communication, fundamental physics experiments, and advanced sensing technologies. Here, we present and discuss some of the recent applications of entanglement, exploring its philosophical implications and non-locality beyond Bell’s theorem, thereby critically examining the foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Additionally, we propose educational activities that introduce high school students to Quantum Mechanics by emphasizing entanglement as an essential concept to understand in order to become informed participants in the Second Quantum Revolution. Furthermore, we present the state-of-art developments of a largely unexplored and promising realization of real qubits, namely the molecular spin qubits. We review the available and suggested device architectures to host and use molecular spins. Moreover, we summarize the experimental findings on solid-state spin qubit devices based on magnetic molecules. Finally, we discuss how the Second Quantum Revolution might significantly transform law enforcement by offering specific examples and methodologies to address the evolving challenges in public safety and security.
Electron Beam on Fermentation Medium as an Alternative Disinfection Method for Ethanol Distilleries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Douradinho Rafael , Sica Pietro , Perecin Danilo , Oliveira Matheus , Pinto Alana Uchoa , Mota Layna , Mattos Eduardo , Almeida João Monnerat De , Piedade Sonia , Arthur Valter , Horii Jorge , Coelho Suani , Baptista Antonio
Published: April 2024

Corn and sugarcane are the primary feedstocks for ethanol production, but microbial contamination hinders yeast fermentation efficiency. Current control methods include antibiotics and sulfuric acid, but they have limitations, resulting in dependence on external inputs and the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review examines electron beam technology as an industrial-scale disinfection solution for both corn- and sugarcane-based ethanol production, highlighting its advantages, limitations and opportunities for adoption in Brazil. A critical evaluation highlights the importance of optimal operating conditions for scalability, cost effectiveness and sustainable implementation. Through a practical example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of electron beam treatment in improving fermentation efficiency and reducing contamination-related losses. Notably, the ionizing radiation from this process does not affect wort sugar content or generate radioactive residues. While acknowledging the potentially high energy input requirements, cogeneration in sugarcane mills can address this, making it a viable option; however, further technical and economic evaluation should be made. In addition, electron beam technology is a promising approach for the production of high-value products such as neutral alcohol, amino acids, animal feed and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights for researchers, industry stakeholders and policymakers to promote sustainable and efficient ethanol production practices.
Advancements and Challenges in Self-Healing Hydrogels for Wound Care
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Wilson Renae L. , Gill Erma J.
Published: April 2024

This manuscript explores self-healing hydrogels as innovative solutions for diverse wound management challenges. Addressing antibiotic resistance and tailored wound care, these hydrogels exhibit promising outcomes, including accelerated wound closure and tissue regeneration. Advancements in multifunctional hydrogels with controlled drug release, antimicrobial properties, and real-time wound assessment capabilities signal a significant leap toward patient-centered treatments. However, challenges such as scalability, long-term safety evaluation, and variability in clinical outcomes persist. Future directions emphasize personalized medicine, manufacturing innovation, rigorous evaluation through clinical trials, and interdisciplinary collaboration. This manuscript features the ongoing pursuit of effective, adaptable, and comprehensive wound care solutions to transform medical treatments and improve patient outcomes.
“The Past Is Never Dead. It’s Not Even Past” (Faulkner, 1919 Requiem for a Nun p. 85): Mapping and Taking Care of the Ghosts in Adoption
Authors: Clapton Gary
Published: April 2024

The Code of Ethics of the Association of Professional Genealogists promotes the communication of coherent, clear, and well-organised information). It is not that simple when adoption features in a family’s history. This paper suggests that standard approaches to family tree-construction will struggle to capture the complexities, gaps, and challenges posed by adoption. Firstly, the paper makes the case for family historians having an alertness to adoption by noting the number of people affected by adoption. It then goes on to look at the literature that argues that adoption involves erasures of birth families and makes ghosts of them. Adoption also creates possible selves and lives; the adopted person’s “could-have-beens” had there been no adoption, the biological child that the adoptive parents might have had and could not, the birth mother’s life with the child lost to adoption. These presences and possibilities haunt all involved in adoption, and writers have posited the existence of a “ghost kingdom”. This paper maps out a greater ghost world of adoption, paradoxically full of life, and because of access to birth records, a world that offers a much greater potential for materialisation. The paper avoids the traditional notions of ghosts as things to be shunned or as representatives of pathologies. Instead, it asks for respect for the “not-dead”/“not-past” of adoption and for family history researchers, a capacity to embrace the jumbled, the murky, and the disorganised. People everywhere are increasingly constructing their own family trees, with all the potential for pleasant surprise but also the shock that this might bring. Should genealogists overlook adoption’s ghosts then they overlook the opportunity to professionally map a rich and varied world of family knowledge and connections. The paper concludes with this observation coupled with a discussion of other associated ethical implications of family history work where adoption features.
Observation of the Preparation Phase Associated with Mw = 7.2 Haiti Earthquake on 14 August 2021 from a Geophysical Data Point of View
Authors: Marchetti Dedalo
Published: April 2024

On 14 August 2021, an earthquake of moment magnitude Mw = 7.2 hit Haiti Island. Unfortunately, it caused several victims and economic damage to the island. While predicting earthquakes is still challenging and has not yet been achieved, studying the preparation phase of such catastrophic events may improve our knowledge and pose the basis for future predictions of earthquakes. In this paper, the six months that preceded the Haiti earthquake are analysed, investigating the lithosphere (by seismic catalogue), atmosphere (by climatological archive) and ionosphere by China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) and Swarm satellites, as well as Total Electron Content (TEC) data. Several anomalies have been extracted from the analysed parameters using different techniques. A comparison, especially between the different layers, could increase or decrease the probability that a specific group of anomalies may be (or not) related to the preparation phase of the Haiti 2021 earthquake. In particular, two possible coupling processes have been revealed as part of the earthquake preparation phase. The first one was only between the lithosphere and the atmosphere about 130 days before the mainshock. The second one was about two months before the seismic event. It is exciting to underline that all the geo-layers show anomalies at that time: seismic accumulation of stress showed an increase of its slope, several atmospheric quantities underline abnormal atmospheric conditions, and CSES-01 Ne depicted two consecutive days of ionospheric electron density. This suggested a possible coupling of lithosphere–atmosphere and ionosphere as a sign of the increased stress, i.e., the impending earthquake.
Clinical Outcomes after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in 681 Octogenarians: A Single-Center Real-World Experience Comparing the Old Patients with the Very Old Patients
Authors: Mistiaen Wilhelm , Deblier Ivo , Dossche Karl , Vanermen Anthony
Published: April 2024

Aortic valve disease is a lethal condition, once it becomes symptomatic. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has, for a long time, been the only treatment option. In patients aged 85 and older, the consequences of SAVR have rarely been investigated. A total of 681 octogenarian patients were subdivided into a group with patients between 80 and 84 years (n = 527) and a group with patients aged 85 or older (n = 154). For each group, the temporal referral pattern, preoperative comorbid profile, operative data, postoperative need for resources, and adverse postoperative events including 30-day mortality and long-term survival were determined using the chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, and log-rank test. For both age groups, the predictors for mortality were identified using a logistic regression analysis. In the oldest patient group, there were significantly more prior episodes of heart failure (75/154 vs. 148/527) and a greater need for urgent SAVR (45/150 vs. 109/515). The operative data and the need for postoperative resources were comparable, but the 30-day mortality was almost twice as high (24/154 vs. 45/527). The need for urgent SAVR was twice as high in the oldest group (odds ratio of 3.12 vs. 6.64). A logistic regression analysis for all 681 patients showed that age over 85 ranked fourth of six predictors for 30-day mortality. Five-year survival was favorable for both groups (67.8 ± 2.1% vs. 60.0 ± 4.3%). A Cox proportional hazard analysis failed to identify an age over 85 as a predictor for long-term mortality. Aortic valve disease and its effect on the left ventricle seemed to be more advanced in the highest age group. The mortality rate was almost double the need for urgent SAVR. This can be avoided by obtaining an earlier referral.
Effects of Real-Time Feedback Methods on Static Balance Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kwon Il-Ho , Shin Won-Seob , Choi Kyu-Seong , Lee Myung-Sun
Published: April 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of real-time feedback methods on static balance training in stroke patients. There are two types of real-time feedback methods, as follows: one is Knowledge of Result (KR), and the other is Knowledge of Performance (KP). Method: Thirty stroke patients participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the KR group (n = 15) or the KP group (n = 15). All of the groups underwent real-time feedback training for four weeks (30 min per session, five sessions per week). The primary outcomes were sway length, sway velocity, and area 95%, which were assessed before and after the intervention. The secondary outcomes included the Berg Balance Scale, the Fugl Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity, the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Trunk Impairment Scale, and the Fall Efficacy Scale. A group × time interaction was assessed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Result: There was a significant increase over time in all outcomes (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for a group × time interaction in sway length and area 95% (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Real-time feedback training for static balance enhanced stroke patients’ static balance abilities, clinical outcome assessments, and promoted self-efficacy against falls.
Developing Heritage Preservation on Ilha de Moçambique Using a Historic Urban Landscape Approach
Authors: Macamo Solange , Raimundo Miguel , Moffett Abigail , Lane Paul
Published: April 2024

In 2011, a new approach was introduced into the management of heritage on Ilha de Moçambique by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Known as the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, this seeks to expand current understanding of the island’s historic urban heritage, recognising that ‘heritage’ is not limited solely to monuments or the built environment. Importantly, HUL incorporates urban sustainable development within the scope of heritage preservation. Given this, the adoption of the HUL approach has the potential to contribute to ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the built heritage, as prescribed by the 1972 UNESCO Convention, of Ilha de Moçambique, and effectively maintaining the Outstanding Universal Values that resulted in the declaration of the island as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991. This paper discusses how local communities use the resources and heritage available to them and the central role of commerce, and the marketplace, in the heritage landscape of the island. A critical aspect of this is the sale of antiquities, including archaeological items, to tourists. Perspectives developed within the Rising from the Depths (RftD) network recently supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) UK, with funding from the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), offer positive alternative solutions to overcome this challenging situation. In particular, the network sought to identify how the tangible submerged and coastal Marine Cultural Heritage (MCH) of Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Madagascar, and its associated intangible aspects, can be utilised to stimulate ethical, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth in the region. Our paper demonstrates how the implementation of the RftD initiative when combined with the HUL approach can help to increase awareness among communities on Ilha de Moçambique about the relevance of their heritage and the need for preserving it while meeting everyday needs.
The Body-Camera Approach: Teacher Identity through Video Elicitation and Video Essay to Create Shared Heritages
Authors: Barrera-García Ángela , Álvarez-Rodríguez Dolores
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an approach to teacher identity heritage as a result of the implementation of a research device created through Arts-Based Research (ABR) methods, specifically with video elicitation and video essays used as research tools. Two main objectives were addressed. The first one was to establish the real relevance of focusing performance on teacher identity. The second one involved testing a new methodological proposal specifically designed for this purpose, but still useful in other contexts where heritage identity is as present as in teaching. The device, a body camera, involves a process that allows new ways to understand the creation of identities using video to encourage the production of new meanings through visual and oral data. The participants were teachers in training during their internship period. Some notions about teachers’ identity heritage were revealed, and also preserved, firstly through personal perspectives by video elicitations, and secondly through collective perspectives by video essays. Both are video structures used in ABR which mix creative experience, memories, life experiences, relationships, and links that shape the teachers’ professional identity.
Characterization of 3D Organotypic Culture of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Son Tae Gen , Seo Yoojin , Kim Won-Tae , Kim Meesun , Choi Seon Jeong , Choi Si Ho , Sung Byung-Jun , Min Jae-Seok , Han Eon Chul , Kim Hyung-Sik
Published: April 2024

Although stem cells are a promising avenue for harnessing the potential of adipose tissue, conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture methods have limitations. This study explored the use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures to preserve the regenerative potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and investigated their cellular properties. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significant variations in surface marker expressions between the two culture conditions. While 2D cultures showed robust surface marker expressions, 3D cultures exhibited reduced levels of CD44, CD90.2, and CD105. Adipogenic differentiation in 3D organotypic ADSCs faced challenges, with decreased organoid size and limited activation of adipogenesis-related genes. Key adipocyte markers, such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipoQ, were undetectable in 3D-cultured ADSCs, unlike positive controls in 2D-cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Surprisingly, 3D-cultured ADSCs underwent mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), evidenced by increased E-cadherin and EpCAM expression and decreased mesenchymal markers. This study highlights successful ADSC organoid formation, notable MSC phenotype changes in 3D culture, adipogenic differentiation challenges, and a distinctive shift toward an epithelial-like state. These findings offer insights into the potential applications of 3D-cultured ADSCs in regenerative medicine, emphasizing the need for further exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Molecular Research and Treatment of Breast Cancer 2.0
Authors: Kawiak Anna
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is the primary contributor to cancer-related deaths among women [...]
AESIS-1, a Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutic Peptide, Accelerates Wound Healing by Promoting Fibroblast Migration in a CXCR2-Dependent Manner
Authors: Park Seung Beom , Yang Yoolhee , Bang Sa Ik , Kim Tae Sung , Cho Daeho
Published: April 2024

In patients with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), delayed wound healing is often observed. Timely and effective wound healing is a crucial determinant of a patient’s quality of life, and novel materials for skin wound repair, such as bioactive peptides, are continuously being studied and developed. One such bioactive peptide, AESIS-1, has been studied for its well-established anti-rheumatoid arthritis properties. In this study, we attempted to use the anti-RA material AESIS-1 as a therapeutic wound-healing agent based on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), which can help restore prompt wound healing. The efficacy of AESIS-1 in wound healing was assessed using a full-thickness excision model in diabetic mice; this is a well-established model for studying chronic wound repair. Initial observations revealed that mice treated with AESIS-1 exhibited significantly advanced wound repair compared with the control group. In vitro studies revealed that AESIS-1 increased the migration activity of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) without affecting proliferative activity. Moreover, increased HDF cell migration is mediated by upregulating chemokine receptor expression, such as that of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). The upregulation of CXCR2 through AESIS-1 treatment enhanced the chemotactic reactivity to CXCR2 ligands, including CXC motif ligand 8 (CXCL8). AESIS-1 directly activates the ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, which regulate the migration and expression of CXCR2 in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that the AESIS-1 peptide is a strong wound-healing substance that increases the movement of fibroblasts and the expression of CXCR2 by turning on the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling cascades.
Ancient Duplication and Lineage-Specific Transposition Determine Evolutionary Trajectory of ERF Subfamily across Angiosperms
Authors: Zhu Xun-Ge , Hutang Ge-Ran , Gao Li-Zhi
Published: April 2024

AP2/ERF transcription factor family plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. Previous studies have shed light on the evolutionary trajectory of the AP2 and DREB subfamilies. However, knowledge about the evolutionary history of the ERF subfamily in angiosperms still remains limited. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the ERF subfamily from 107 representative angiosperm species by combining phylogenomic and synteny network approaches. We observed that the expansion of the ERF subfamily was driven not only by whole-genome duplication (WGD) but also by tandem duplication (TD) and transposition duplication events. We also found multiple transposition events in Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Poales, Brassicales, and Commelinids. These events may have had notable impacts on copy number variation and subsequent functional divergence of the ERF subfamily. Moreover, we observed a number of ancient tandem duplications occurred in the ERF subfamily across angiosperms, e.g., in Subgroup IX, IXb originated from ancient tandem duplication events within IXa. These findings together provide novel insights into the evolution of this important transcription factor family.
The Co-Localization of NLRP3 and ASC Specks Does Not Automatically Entail NLRP3 Inflammasome Functionality in PDAC Cell Lines
Authors: Lindholm Heléne , Herring Matthew , Faresjö Maria , Haux Johan , Szekeres Ferenc , Ejeskär Katarina
Published: April 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important mediator of the host inflammatory response, and downregulation of inflammation is important in cancer treatment. Here, we investigated four different pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1 and Panc-1, with regards to NLRP3 inflammasome formation and cytokine secretion. ASC specks were observed in all the cell lines investigated, but AsPC-1 was the only cell-line with the co-localization of anti-ASC and anti-NLRP3 and spontaneously formed multiple NLRP3 inflammasomes per cell. The co-localization of NLRP3 and ASC was not accompanied by IL-1β release nor significant IL-18 release. BxPC-3 displayed relatively high expression of the inflammasome-related genes IL1B and CASP1 and had the highest levels of IL1β and IL18 secretion and the highest amount of ASC. The inflammasome-associated genes IL18 and PYCARD were up-regulated in the PDAC primary tumors compared to normal tissue, and high PDAC tumor expression of IL18, CASP1 and PYCARD correlated with low patient survival. We have shown that PDAC cell lines display significant variations in their inflammasome-related gene expression and readouts. We conclude that spontaneous ASC speck formation is possible in PDAC cells and that multiple NLRP3 inflammasomes are formed spontaneously in AsPC-1 cells but that the co-localization of NLRP3 and ASC specks does not automatically entail inflammasome function.
Prescribing Competence of Canadian Medical Graduates: National Survey of Medical School Leaders
Authors: Holbrook Anne M. , Lohit Simran , Chang Oswin , Deng Jiawen , Perri Dan , Dhhar Gousia , Levine Mitchell , Rudkowski Jill , McLeod Heather , Rigg Kaitlynn , Telford Victoria , Levinson Anthony J.
Published: April 2024

Suboptimal knowledge of clinical pharmacology, therapeutics, and toxicology (CPT) and poor-quality prescribing are threats to patient safety. Our previous national survey of medical faculty identified limited confidence in medical student graduates’ ability to safely prescribe, as well as an interest in a national prescribing competence assessment. Given the in-person challenges posed by the restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to re-evaluate opinions and gauge the interest in e-learning resources and assessments. Using public sources, a sampling frame of medical school leaders from all 17 Canadian medical schools, including deans, vice-deans, and program directors for clerkship, residency, and e-learning, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Survey questions were finalized after several rounds of testing, and analyses were descriptive. Of 1448 invitations, 411 (28.4%) individuals reviewed the survey, and, among them, 278 (67.6%) completed at least one survey question, with representation from all schools. While more than 90% of respondents agreed that medical students should meet a minimum standard of prescribing competence, only 17 (7.9%) could vouch for their school meeting objectives in CPT, and many had significant concerns about their own or other schools’ recent graduate prescribing abilities. Given the lack of local CPT e-curricula resources, there was strong interest in a national online course and assessment in CPT. Our national survey results suggest an ongoing inadequacy of medical trainees’ prescribing competence, and also provide a strong endorsement for both a national online CPT course and assessment during medical school.
Clinical Relevance of Plasma Prolylcarboxypeptidase Level in Patients with Idiopathic Acute Optic Neuritis
Authors: Kim Jong-Heon , Shin Dae Beom , Suk Kyoungho , Chun Bo Young
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the plasma concentration of prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) and its clinical relevance in patients with idiopathic acute optic neuritis (ON). Methods: We investigated the expression of PRCP in the optic nerves of experimental autoimmune optic neuritis (EAON)-induced mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected from ON patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). ELISA was used to measure the plasma PRCP levels. We performed measurements of visual acuity and the mean thicknesses of the macular ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) at diagnosis and 6 months after diagnosis. Results: The PRCP mRNA expression in EAON-induced mice was markedly higher than that in naïve mice. The mean plasma PRCP level was significantly higher in patients with ON than in controls. Plasma PRCP levels were negatively correlated with logMAR visual acuity at 6 months after diagnosis and differences in macular GCL+IPL thickness during an ON attack. A plasma PRCP level of 49.98 (pg/mL) predicted the recurrence of ON with a 75% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic acute ON had higher plasma PRCP levels, and this was positively correlated with final visual outcome and well-preserved macular GCL+IPL thickness during an ON attack. The increase in plasma PRCP level may reflect its compensatory secretion to counteract neuroinflammation in ON patients.
Benefits of Music Therapy in the Cognitive Impairments of Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jiménez-Palomares María , Garrido-Ardila Elisa María , Chávez-Bravo Elena , Torres-Piles Silvia Teresa , González-Sánchez Blanca , Rodríguez-Mansilla María Jesús , De Toro-García Álvaro , Rodríguez-Mansilla Juan
Published: April 2024

Background/Objective: Alzheimer’s disease is a condition that can cause memory, thinking, and behaviour impairments. This type of dementia affects approximately 50 million people globally. Currently, there is no remedy for this disease, but there are different treatment approaches, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, that try to alleviate the symptoms. The remarkable fact about Alzheimer’s response to music is that musical abilities can be preserved even though language could be lost. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the benefits of music therapy on cognitive impairments in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: This is a systematic review carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The literature searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Dialnet. The inclusion criteria established were as follows: randomised controlled studies and clinical trials published in English and Spanish from 2010 to 2024, patients diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, aged 65 years or older, who had participated in music interventions and had cognitive changes. Results: Eleven studies were included in this review. They showed that music therapy interventions mainly improved memory, language, and orientation. The results of a methodological quality analysis showed that six of the articles had good methodological quality and four had excellent methodological quality. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that treatment with music therapy improves cognitive impairments in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we can be sure that music creates a link between the patient and the specialist.
Coronary Plaque in Athletes
Authors: Tonet Elisabetta , Arzenton Matteo , De Pietri Marco , Canovi Luca , Lapolla Davide , Sarti Alberto , Amantea Veronica , Raisi Andrea , Mazzoni Gianni , Campo Gianluca , Grazzi Giovanni
Published: April 2024

The relationship between vigorous physical activity (PA) and the development of coronary atherosclerosis has remained less explored for many years. Recently, literature data have focused on coronary atherosclerosis in athletes showing that prevalence is not trivial, that there are differences among various types of sport, and that there are some peculiar features. As a matter of fact, plaque composition in athletes seems to be characterized by calcium rather than soft components. Specific mechanisms through which vigorous PA influences coronary artery disease are not yet fully understood. However, the prevalent calcific nature of coronary plaques in athletes could be related with a trend in a lower cardiovascular event rate.
On Data Leakage Prevention Maturity: Adapting the C2M2 Framework
Authors: Domnik Jan , Holland Alexander
Published: April 2024

In an evolving cybersecurity landscape marked by escalating data breaches and regulatory demands, data leakage prevention (DLP) has emerged as one of several defense mechanisms. This study underscores unresolved foundational issues within DLP, revealing that it remains a significant challenge in large organizations. This highlights the necessity for a holistic approach to DLP to effectively address these persistent challenges. By developing a DLP Maturity Model, adapted from the renowned C2M2 framework, this research provides a comprehensive tool for assessing organizational DLP capabilities and pinpointing critical gaps. Applying the DLP Maturity Model within the financial sector as demonstrated through a banking scenario showcases its relevance and added value. This application illuminates the model’s effectiveness in securing sensitive data and adhering to essential regulatory standards, highlighting its adaptability across various compliance landscapes. Implementing this DLP Maturity Model in a banking scenario showcases its applicability, highlighting its ability to formulate a strategy to secure sensitive data and comply with regulatory standards. This approach aligns with the concept of a continuous risk-based strategy, merging the holistic model to identify and address critical insider risks within organizations. The study addresses a specific gap in DLP research, notably the lack of a holistic framework for assessing and enhancing DLP strategies across organizations. It equips practitioners with a foundational tool to determine current DLP maturity and devise strategies for mitigating insider-driven data breach risks, thereby bolstering organizational cybersecurity resilience.
Mutational Analysis of the SLC4A11 Gene in a (Filipino) Family with Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy
Authors: Cabahug Vicente Lorenzo O. , Llido John Paul S. , Cabral Loraine Kay D. , Maynes Tricia L. , Pinuela Cathlyn Leigh , Tayengco-Tiu Tommee Lynne , Lim Bon Siong Ruben , Enriquez Ma. Luisa D.
Published: April 2024

Aim: The study aims to identify if mutations in the SLC4A11 gene are present in Filipino families affected with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Methods: This is a family cohort study that investigated the genetic profile of a selected family in northern Luzon, Philippines, whose members were diagnosed with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). A patient who was diagnosed with CHED prior to this study served as the proband for this family. A detailed family history was obtained and a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed on each of the family members. A total of six affected members and three unaffected members were included in this study. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of the family members, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the gene’s entire coding region (19 exons and 2 putative promoter regions), and finally, the amplified regions were analyzed using DNA sequencing. Results: Consanguinity was not present in the family. Corneal haze was reported to have been present since birth or shortly thereafter in all the affected patients. Slit-lamp examination showed edematous corneas. Molecular studies of the SLC4A11 gene revealed four novel homozygous point mutations variably presenting in the six affected members, as well as the three unaffected members. One unaffected family member (I-1) had a novel sense mutation absent in the other family members. All affected siblings showed little phenotypic variability. Conclusions: This is the first report that gives us a genetic profile of a northern Luzon family with members affected by CHED. This study supports earlier findings that mutations in the SLC4A11 gene are not consistently the same among different ethnic groups worldwide, probably due to the disease’s genetic heterogeneity. Our study documented five novel mutations, adding to the growing list of mutations probably responsible for acquiring the CHED phenotype. It is possible that there are more novel mutations waiting to be discovered in this hereditary disease. Screening for these specific mutations in other families may prove useful for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and the future development of gene therapy.
Synthesis of Alginate/Collagen Bioink for Bioprinting Respiratory Tissue Models
Authors: Zimmerling Amanda , Zhou Yan , Chen Xiongbiao
Published: April 2024

Synthesis of bioinks for bioprinting of respiratory tissue requires considerations related to immunogenicity, mechanical properties, printability, and cellular compatibility. Biomaterials can be tailored to provide the appropriate combination of these properties through the synergy of materials with individual pros and cons. Sodium alginate, a water-soluble polymer derived from seaweed, is a cheap yet printable biomaterial with good structural properties; however, it lacks physiological relevance and cell binding sites. Collagen, a common component in the extra cellular matrix of many tissues, is expensive and lacks printability; however, it is highly biocompatible and exhibits sites for cellular binding. This paper presents our study on the synthesis of bioinks from alginate and collagen for use in bioprinting respiratory tissue models. Bioinks were synthesized from 40 mg/mL (4%) alginate and 3 mg/mL (0.3%) collagen in varying ratios (1:0, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1); then examined in terms of rheological properties, printability, compressive, and tensile properties and cellular compatibility. The results illustrate that the ratio of alginate to collagen has a profound impact on bioink performance and that, among the examined ratios, the 3:1 ratio is the most appropriate for use in bioprinting respiratory tissue scaffolds.
The Development of Cognitive Control in Preschoolers and Kindergarteners: The Case of Post-Error Slowing and Delayed Disinhibition
Authors: Yeshua Maor , Berger Andrea
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate two specific behavioral manifestations of the executive attention systems in preschoolers and kindergarteners, beyond the unique contribution of intelligence. We tested post-error slowing [RT¯Post-error trial−RT¯Not post-error trial] as a marker of reactive control and delayed disinhibition as a novel marker for proactive control. One hundred and eighty preschool- and kindergarten-aged children, as well as their mothers (final sample: 155 children and 174 mothers), performed an adapted task based on Go/NoGo and Stroop-like paradigms—the emotional day-night task. The children showed reliable post-error slowing and delayed disinhibition (mean size effects of 238.18 ms and 58.31 ms, respectively), while the adult size effects were 40–50% smaller. The post-error slowing effect was present for both sexes in all the tested ages, while the delayed disinhibition effect was present only for girls. Both effects showed large individual differences that became smaller in adulthood. Our findings emphasize the earlier maturation of reactive control compared to proactive control, and the earlier maturation of proactive cognitive control in girls compared to boys.
Neutron Yield Predictions with Artificial Neural Networks: A Predictive Modeling Approach
Authors: Schmitz Benedikt , Scheuren Stefan
Published: April 2024

The development of compact neutron sources for applications is extensive and features many approaches. For ion-based approaches, several projects with different parameters exist. This article focuses on ion-based neutron production below the spallation barrier for proton and deuteron beams with arbitrary energy distributions with kinetic energies from 3 MeV to 97 MeV. This model makes it possible to compare different ion-based neutron source concepts against each other quickly. This contribution derives a predictive model using Monte Carlo simulations (an order of 50,000 simulations) and deep neural networks. It is the first time a model of this kind has been developed. With this model, lengthy Monte Carlo simulations, which individually take a long time to complete, can be circumvented. A prediction of neutron spectra then takes some milliseconds, which enables fast optimization and comparison. The models’ shortcomings for low-energy neutrons (<0.1 MeV) and the cut-off prediction uncertainty (±3 MeV) are addressed, and mitigation strategies are proposed.