bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid droplet‐mediated scavenging as novel intrinsic and adaptive resistance factor against the multikinase inhibitor ponatinib
Authors: Englinger Bernhard , Laemmerer Anna , Moser Patrick , Kallus Sebastian , Röhrl Clemens , Pirker Christine , Baier Dina , Mohr Thomas , Niederstaetter Laura , Meier‐Menches Samuel M. , Gerner Christopher , Gabler Lisa , Gojo Johannes , Timelthaler Gerald , Senkiv Julia , Jäger Walter , Kowol Christian R. , Heffeter Petra , Berger Walter
Published: February 2020

Ponatinib is a small molecule multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically approved for anticancer therapy. Molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance against ponatinib are currently poorly understood. Likewise, intracellular drug dynamics, as well as potential microenvironmental factors affecting the activity of this compound are unknown. Cell/molecular biological and analytical chemistry methods were applied to investigate uptake kinetics/subcellular distribution, the role of lipid droplets (LDs) and lipoid microenvironment compartments in responsiveness of FGFR1‐driven lung cancer cells toward ponatinib. Selection of lung cancer cells for acquired ponatinib resistance resulted in elevated intracellular lipid levels. Uncovering intrinsic ponatinib fluorescence enabled dissection of drug uptake/retention kinetics in vitro as well as in mouse tissue cryosections, and revealed selective drug accumulation in LDs of cancer cells. Pharmacological LD upmodulation or downmodulation indicated that the extent of LD formation and consequent ponatinib incorporation negatively correlated with anticancer drug efficacy. Co‐culturing with adipocytes decreased ponatinib levels and fostered survival of cancer cells. Ponatinib‐selected cancer cells exhibited increased LD levels and enhanced ponatinib deposition into this organelle. Our findings demonstrate intracellular deposition of the clinically approved anticancer compound ponatinib into LDs. Furthermore, increased LD biogenesis was identified as adaptive cancer cell‐defense mechanism via direct drug scavenging. Together, this suggests that LDs represent an underestimated organelle influencing intracellular pharmacokinetics and activity of anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Targeting LD integrity might constitute a strategy to enhance the activity not only of ponatinib, but also other clinically approved, lipophilic anticancer therapeutics.
Establishing the first pharmacist‐led heart failure medication optimization clinic in the Middle East Gulf Region
Authors: Atallah Bassam , Sadik Ziad G. , Osoble Abdisamad A. , Ghalib Hussam , Hamour Iman , AlTakruri Malak , Ferrer Richard , Cherfan Antoine , Bader Feras
Published: February 2020

Background

Heart failure (HF) patients derive a dose‐dependent clinical benefit from medications that are part of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT). The widespread underdosing of these medications and the clinical implications of the lack of titration have been well documented. There is paucity of data on design and outcomes of pharmacist‐led HF clinics.

Aim

The aim of this study is to describe the establishment of the first pharmacist‐led HF pharmacotherapy clinic (HFPC) in the Middle East gulf region.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of patients seen by the HF pharmacotherapy clinic. We determined the percentage of patients on target doses of GDMT at baseline and at the end of follow‐up in the subgroup of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). All baseline self‐care behaviors and interventions performed were examined.

Results

The first 100 patient referrals and 193 visits were included in this analysis for an average of 1.9 ± 1.4 visits per patient and a mean follow‐up period of 51 ± 36.1 days. Most patients (94%) had HFrEF and were referred to from the outpatient clinics (72%). Many patients (76%) had at least one inadequacy in medication adherence or self‐care behaviors at baseline, and none were on simultaneous target doses of all GDMTs. At the end of follow‐up, more patients with HFrEF were on target doses when compared with baseline (beta‐blockers 31.9% vs 40.4%, P = .032, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker/angiotensin II receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitor 7.4% vs 25.5%, P < .001, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist 37.2% vs 39.4% P = .46, all three target GDMTs 0% vs 6.4%, P = .093). Significantly, more patients were on any dose of all three GDMTs.

Conclusions

Pharmacist‐led HF medication optimization clinic establishment can contribute to longitudinal medication titration, successful transition of care, and correcting noncompliance and indiscretions. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to fill gaps and help evolve the current HF care model.
Combating pharmacist burnout: A model for critical care clinical pharmacy faculty
Authors: Dwyer Kaluzna Stephanie , Benken Scott T. , Petzel Gimbar Renee , DiDomenico Robert J.
Published: February 2020

Burnout is a growing phenomenon among health care professionals in whom the prevalence has been estimated at greater than 50%. The adverse outcomes of burnout affect individuals, institutions, and patients. Although burnout literature in the profession of pharmacy is somewhat lacking, emerging data suggest a similar prevalence. Pharmacists who experience burnout typically suffer from emotional exhaustion and/or a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. The critical care setting introduces several elements that increase the risk of burnout in health care providers, including pharmacists, who practice in this area prompting professional organizations to call for action to address burnout. Critical care pharmacists with faculty appointments have additional responsibilities that may precipitate burnout. In response to anecdotal symptoms of burnout, four critical care pharmacy faculty members at the University of Illinois at Chicago developed and implemented an off‐service rotation model designed to provide clinical track faculty members protected, off‐service time to fully engage in academic responsibilities utilizing a tenured clinical faculty member, and a rotating schedule of clinical coverage to assure continuity in patient care in each of the areas (medical intensive care unit, cardiac care unit, and emergency department). Compared with the 24 months prior to implementation, academic output increased during the 24‐month period following implementation of the model. Importantly, there was no evidence of burnout from the personal accomplishment domain of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Health Services Survey for Medical Professionals, although high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were present.
Screening and verification of microRNA promoter methylation sites in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ni Xiaofeng , Lin Zhuo , Dai Shengjie , Chen Hao , Chen Jianhui , Zheng Chenlei , Wu Boda , Ao Jianyang , Shi Keqing , Sun Hongwei
Published: February 2020

The promoter methylation mode of microribonucleic acid (miRNA) plays a crucial role in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to screen and verify the miRNA methylation sites associated with the overall survival (OS) and clinical characteristics of HCC patients. Methylation‐related data were from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). R software was utilized to screen the methylation sites. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was utilized to develop the miRNA promoter methylation models. Then, methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was performed with 146 HCC tissues to verify the accuracy of the vascular infiltration‐related model. Additionally, we verified the functions of vascular infiltration‐related miRNA by utilizing cells transfected with miR‐199a‐3p mimic. The model for predicting OS of HCC patients contained eight methylation sites. The Kaplan‐Meier analysis suggested that the model could divide HCC patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups (P < .0001). COX regression analysis suggested that the model (P < .001; 95% CI, 1.264‐2.709) and T category (P < .001; 95% CI, 1.472‐3.119) were independent risk factors for affecting OS of HCC patients. The model for predicting vascular infiltration, pathological grade, and clinical stage contained 7, 10, and 9 methylation sites respectively, with their area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values 0.667, 0.745, and 0.725, respectively. The functional analysis suggested that miRNA methylation is involved in various biological processes such as WNT, MAPK, and mTOR signaling pathways. The accuracy of the vascular infiltration‐related model was consistent with our previous bioinformatics assay. And upregulation of miR‐199a‐3p decreased migration and invasion abilities. The screened miRNA promoter methylation sites can be served as biomarkers for judging OS, vascular infiltration, pathology grade, and clinical stage. It can also provide new targets for improving the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients.
Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound via inhibition of insulin signaling and promotion of CCN family protein 2
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Nagao Yurika , Hashitani Satoko , Yamanaka Nobuyasu , Takigawa Masaharu , Kubota Satoshi
Published: February 2020

Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by several transcription factors such as the CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ). Here, we demonstrate that low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) suppressed differentiation into mature adipocytes via multiple signaling pathways. When C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal stem cell line, was treated with LIPUS (3.0 MHz, 60 mW/cm2) for 20 minutes once a day for 4 days during adipogenesis, and both the number of lipid droplets and the gene expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα were significantly decreased. Furthermore, LIPUS treatment decreased the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and also that of Akt and ERK1/2, which are located downstream of this receptor. Next, we showed that LIPUS suppressed the gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGT), which is an adipokine produced by mature adipocytes, as well as that of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) during adipogenesis of pre‐adipogenic 3T3‐L1 cells. Next, the translocation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus of 3T3‐L1 cells was promoted by LIPUS, leading to upregulation of CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), a cellular communication network factor. Moreover, forced expression of CCN2 in 3T3‐L1 cells decreased PPARγ gene expression, but it did not increase alkaline phosphatase and osterix gene expression. Finally, gene silencing of CCN2 in C3H10T1/2 cells diminished the effect of LIPUS on the gene expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. These findings suggest that LIPUS suppressed adipogenesis through inhibition of insulin signaling and decreased PPARγ expression via increased CCN2 production, resulting in a possible decrease of mature adipocytes.
Titania‐silica nanoparticles ensemblies assisted heterogeneous catalytic strategy for the synthesis of pharmacologically significant 2,3‐diaryl‐3,4‐dihydroimidazo[4,5‐b]indole scaffolds
Authors: Geedkar Deepika , Kumar Ashok , Reen Gagandeep Kour , Sharma Pratibha
Published: February 2020

Present paper elicits the multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy assisted by titania nanoparticles hosted on silica (TiO2.SiO2 NPs) as heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize a series of pharmacologically significant 2,3‐diaryl‐3,4‐dihydroimidazo[4,5‐b]indole derivatives. To the best of our information, the use of isatin as one of the precursors was hitherto unreported. The decrease in reaction time, low catalyst loading, high product yield (up to 92%), and excellent reusability of the catalyst (up to 7 cycles) put this protocol under the umbrella of green chemistry tenets. Characterization of catalysts was achieved through a number of techniques viz., energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of adsorbed pyridine, temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, and porosity measurements by nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller [BET] method). Also, the structures of synthesized compounds were corroborated on the basis of FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass, and elemental analyses data.
The Pacific decadal oscillation modulates the relation of ENSO with the rainfall variability in coast of Ecuador
Authors: Campozano Lenin , Robaina Leandro , Samaniego Esteban
Published: February 2020

Worldwide and likewise in Ecuador, the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events had devastating effects in the economic and human dimension. Thus, scientists and decision markers look for a deeper knowledge about ENSO and its phases El Niño (EN)/La Niña (LN). Recent research highlights the changing nature of ENSO under opposite conditions of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), making the assessment of the ENSO–PDO relation in Ecuador urgent. This study explores the time‐frequency characteristics of rainfall in the coast of Ecuador from January to April (PC‐JA) and evaluates the influence of PDO in the relation of ENSO with PC‐JA. For this, wavelet analysis was used to asses this nonstationary problem, Five long‐term (1964–2014) ground stations were used. The main results indicate that during the warm PDO period 1980–2000, the high wavelet coherence (ca. 0.9) implies a strong coupling between ENSO and PC‐JA. For cold PDO periods, prior to 1980 and after 2005, such coupling weakens with coherence about 0.5. This might indicate that PDO influence the relation between ENSO and rainfall in the coast of Ecuador. This coupling, during warm PDO, enhances high rainfall when in phase with EN, and drought conditions in LN events. The weak coupling of ENSO‐PC‐JA during cold PDO produces high rainfall amounts in Niño Neutral conditions and droughts during Neutral and LN. To account for ENSO flavours variability, the wavelet coherence between PC‐JA and the two ENSO uncorrelated indices E and C from Takahashi et al. was studied. Interestingly, we show that PDO warm phase influences the relation of Eastern Pacific related E index with PC‐JA from 2 to 8 years periods, and that the orthogonal Central Pacific related C index is not affected. These results raise questions about the validity of ENSO indices for contrasting PDO phases.
Sampling frequency of climate data for the determination of daily temperature and daily temperature extrema
Authors: Gough William A. , Žaknić‐Ćatović Ana , Zajch Andrew
Published: February 2020

The sampling frequency of temperature data is examined. The range of sampling from hourly to twice daily are explored to determine the uncertainty that is introduced by sampling less frequently than hourly in the determination of daily temperature and daily temperature extrema. The standards for comparison for the daily average temperature are the average of hourly data and the average of the daily maximum and minimum temperature. Hourly temperature data from 12 Canadian climate stations are examined for several decades leading up to 2017. Daily average temperatures were calculated using data sampled 24 times a day (hourly), 12 times, 8 times, 6 times, 4 times and twice daily. Two triad algorithms from the literature and an experimental one are assessed relative to these sampling frequencies. The sampling frequency analysis was remarkably consistent across all climate stations. The departure from the hourly estimate ranged from 0.1°C for the bi‐hourly sampling to ~1°C for the twice daily sampling. The uncertainty associated with the min/max method consistently fell within that of three and four samples per day. Comparison of triad algorithms, based on a quantitative criterion for determination of best sampling hours, revealed a station specific triad that outperforms algorithms from the literature and thrice daily evenly spaced sampling. Minimum and maximum estimates were compared across the different sampling frequencies for all stations as well. The accuracy of estimating temperature extrema decreases with lower sampling rates with the exception of the 8 hr sampling where hour of sampling influences accuracy. The results demonstrate that the local climate characteristics needs to be considered when choosing the optimal sampling frequency and calculation method for daily means and extrema.
Successful collaboration leads to effective technology transfer at Hero MotoCorp, Ltd.
Authors: Husain Zafar
Published: February 2020

After a quarter‐century of collaboration with Honda Motors of Japan, Hero MotoCorp, Ltd., a motorcycle and scooter manufacturer based in New Delhi, India, went on to dominate its domestic market and become the world's largest maker of two‐wheel vehicles. A qualitative study based on interviews with 32 executives at the firm reveals the crucial role of strategic management of technology and mutual trust in building a productive and rewarding partnership. Focusing on the elements of long‐term success, it highlights the importance of indigenization, vendor development, and continuous refinement of technological capabilities while still in the collaborative phase. The lessons learned from the manufacturer's experience can guide other organizational leaders in designing effective technology management strategies before, during, and after a joint venture.
Deprescribing tools: a review of the types of tools available to aid deprescribing in clinical practice
Authors: Reeve Emily
Published: February 2020

The importance of deprescribing, which is the process of withdrawing an inappropriate medication, supervised by a healthcare professional with the goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes, is increasingly recognised as part of good clinical care. With this, a number of tools have been developed with the purpose of aiding health professionals to deprescribe in regular practice. The types of tools vary significantly in their form and include tools to aid in the overall process of deprescribing (such as generic frameworks and drug‐specific deprescribing guidelines) as well as tools that may assist in a specific part of the process (such as identifying inappropriate medications or engaging the patient). While many tools are available, most provide little (if any) information on how they were developed, and limited implementation research has been conducted. This paper provides an overview of the types of available tools and how they might be used in clinical practice.
Raman scattering from the effective soft mode in lead germanate crystal
Authors: Gorelik V.S. , Pyatyshev A.Yu.
Published: February 2020

The Raman opalescence of an effective soft mode in crystalline lead germanate is investigated. Recording of Raman scattering intensity was in the x (zz)y geometry corresponding to the soft mode, responsible for ferroelectric phase transition point at 451 K. The Raman spectra were measured at fixed temperatures T (I(ω′, T); T = const) and also at fixed wavenumbers ω′ of Raman spectrometer (I(ω′, T); ω′ = ω0 – Ω = const) with slow temperature changing. The strong increase of Raman scattering intensity (Raman opalescence) has been observed at temperatures of phase transition region. The appearance of central peak scattering is attributed to the strong interaction of the effective soft mode with a low‐wavenumber nonfundamental oscillator.
Melanoma of the External Auditory Canal: A Review of Seven Cases at a Tertiary Care Referral Center
Authors: Appelbaum Eric N. , Gross Neil D. , Diab Adi , Bishop Andrew J. , Nader Marc‐Elie , Gidley Paul W.
Published: February 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Examine the presentation and management characteristics of seven patients with melanoma of the external auditory canal (EAC).

Study Design

Retrospective case series and review of the relevant literature.

Methods

Records of seven patients from 2003 to 2017 with melanoma of the EAC were reviewed for characteristics of presentation, subsequent management, and outcomes. A thorough review of relevant literature is presented.

Results

The median age is 52 years, with four females. The average Breslow depth was 3.6 mm, with five patients having a Clark level IV or greater on presentation. Six patients underwent lateral temporal bone resection, and one patient underwent wide local excision of the cartilaginous canal. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed in three patients. Three patients experienced distant recurrence an average of 20 months following primary therapy. Median follow‐up was 21 months. At last follow‐up, four were free of disease, one had active disease, and two were deceased from melanoma.

Conclusions

This is the largest series and the first to report the use of SLNB for patients with EAC melanoma in the peer‐reviewed literature. Patients with external auditory canal melanoma present with higher Breslow thickness and stage relative to all external ear melanomas. Management should include wide local excision, which entails lateral temporal bone resection when the bony ear canal is involved. SLNB has a critical role in identifying patients with early metastatic disease. Postoperative radiation therapy should be considered for patients with high‐risk features to reduce the risk of locoregional relapse. Chemotherapy, and especially immunotherapy, has an emerging role for this disease.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:165–172, 2021
Characterisation of seed marking types in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Tiger stripe and other blemishes
Authors: Wood Jennifer A. , Egan Narelle E. , Keir Catherine F. , Miller Julie C. , Pengilley Georgina C. , Hobson Kristy B.
Published: February 2020

Desi chickpea is a significant export crop for Australia; Australia being the largest exporter globally. Visual appearance of the seed is an economically significant measure of seed quality by the Indian subcontinent, the major importer of desi chickpea worldwide. Any visual blemish on the seed is considered undesirable, regardless of the cause (biotic or otherwise). Literature on biotic causes of seed blemishes, such as ascochyta blight, are available; however, little could be found on abiotic blemishes. Abiotic seed blemishes caused by physiological plant responses are more commonly known as seed markings. Despite the presence of seed markings being confirmed by several chickpea‐producing countries during personal discussions (India, Canada), no scientific literature has been published. The aim of this study was to proactively seek out and characterise different types of seed marking patterns using a wide genetic pool of desi chickpea across a range of environments in Australia. Thirteen different seed marking patterns were identified in desi chickpea and three in kabuli chickpea, including several rare seed markings that were discovered, photographed, and described. Seed markings (blemishes thought to be caused by physiological plant stress) can be characterised as dark patterns on the testa (seed coat) that do not visually affect the underlying cotyledon. In contrast, other seed blemishes (caused by pests and disease, physical damage, or poor storage) were more likely to affect the cotyledons underlying the testa, but not always. This paper classifies and describes various types of seed markings and blemishes for future reference by the global chickpea industry.
Microcirculatory Response to Photobiomodulation—Why Some Respond and Others Do Not: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Hoffer Oshrit , Rabin Neta , Halak Moshe , Shkilevich Simon , Shayovitz Yuval , Weizman Gal , Haim Ortal , Gavish Benjamin , Gertz S. David , Ovadia‐Blechman Zehava
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non‐ionizing, non‐thermal irradiation, used clinically to accelerate wound healing and inhibit pain, was previously shown to increase blood flow. However, some individuals respond to PBM, but others do not. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting this patient‐specific response using advanced, noninvasive methods for monitoring microcirculatory activity.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

In this prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT03357523), 20 healthy non‐smoking volunteers (10:10 males:females, 30 ± 8 years old) were randomized to receive either red‐ (633 nm and 70 W/cm2) or near‐infrared light (830 nm and 55 mW/cm2) over the wrist for 5 minutes. Photoplethysmography, laser Doppler flowmetry, and thermal imaging were used to monitor palm microcirculatory blood volume, blood flow, and skin temperature, respectively, before, during, and 20 minutes after irradiation. Participants with skin temperature change ≥0.5°C from baseline were considered “responders”.

Results

Near‐infrared PBM was found to induce a 27% increase in microcirculatory flow that increased to 54% during the 20‐minute follow‐up period (P = 0.049 and P = 0.004, respectively), but red light PBM did not increase the median flow. Only 10 of 20 participants were responders by thermal imaging (i.e., ≥0.5°C from baseline), and their initial skin temperature was between 33 and 37.5°C. The non‐responders had either “hot” hands (≥37.5°C) or “cold” hands (≤33°C). In responders, the meantime to 20% increase in microcirculatory blood volume and blood flow was less than 2.5 minutes after initiation of PBM irradiation.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that PBM induces arteriolar vasodilatation that results in both immediate and long‐lasting increased capillary flow and tissue perfusion in healthy individuals. This response was wavelength‐dependent and modified by skin temperature. These findings regarding physiological parameters associated with sensitivity or resistance to PBM provide information of direct relevance for patient‐specific therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of Ultrahigh‐Strength Polybenzimidazole Fibers via a Novel and Green Integrated Liquid Crystal Spinning Process
Authors: Sun Guohua , Zhang Mengying , Chen Nanjun , Niu Hongqing , Qi Shengli , Wu Dezhen
Published: February 2020

Herein, the first example of ultrahigh‐strength polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers using a PBI solution in liquid crystal state is reported via a novel and green integrated spinning technology. Microwave‐assisted polycondensation is utilized to synthesize the polybenzimidazole/polyphosphoric acid liquid crystal spinning solution and pure water is employed as the coagulating and washing bath to afford a green fabrication process. The green integrated spinning technology is eco‐friendly, cheap, and conducive for the large‐scale production of PBI fibers. The as‐prepared PBI fibers display superb flame retardancy, and the outstanding thermal stability of PBI fiber enables it to preserve structural integrity at temperatures as high as 600 °C. More significantly, it prepared the ultrahigh‐strength of PBI fiber up to 0.91 GPa, which is two times than that of the reported PBI fibers, marking a significant breakthrough for the high‐performance PBI fibers.
Mean curvature flow with free boundary – Type 2 singularities
Authors: Wheeler Glen , Wheeler Valentina‐Mira
Published: February 2020

In this paper we give sufficient conditions that guarantee the mean curvature flow with free boundary on a pinched cylinder develops a Type 2 curvature singularity. We additionally prove that Type 0 singularities may only occur at infinity.
Impact of a national collegiate soil judging competition on student learning and attitudes
Authors: Rees Gordon L. , Johnson Daniel K.
Published: February 2020

The annual National Collegiate Soils Contest (NCSC) has long been anecdotally recognized as a beneficial event for participating students to practice soil profile descriptions and landscape interpretations. The objective of this study was to quantify student learning outcomes and to identify how students’ perspectives shifted over the course of the week‐long 2019 NCSC, which was hosted by California Polytechnic State University in the San Luis Obispo, CA, area. Participants were asked to complete voluntary pre‐ and post‐contest surveys related to attitudes toward soil science and their knowledge of soil profile description and landscape interpretation, measured using a five‐point Likert scale. Open‐ended questions, which allowed free responses, were also included. Eighty‐three participants completed the pre‐contest survey, and 62 students completed the post‐contest survey. Student understanding increased significantly for five of the seven topics pertaining to soil‐judging‐related skills. Most participants had very positive attitudes toward soil science and soil judging, both pre‐ and post‐contest. Very few significant differences occurred between genders and majors. The most common positive comments were related to location‐based learning, whereas negative comments included environmental factors, such as sun and heat, and long days. Overall, participants indicated the contest was a positive and meaningful educational event, especially for location‐based learning.
Reproductive intentions in mothers of young children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Schultz Corinna L. , Tchume‐Johnson Trudy , Jackson Tannoa , Enninful‐Eghan Henrietta , Schapira Marilyn M. , Smith‐Whitley Kim
Published: February 2020

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy associated with morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand family planning intentions of parents of young children with SCD including the awareness of three reproductive options (adoption, in vitro fertilization with egg/sperm donation [IVFD], in vitro fertilization [IVF] with preimplantation genetic testing [IVF/PGT]) to decrease the risk of having a child with SCD.

Procedure

Qualitative, semistructured, one‐on‐one interviews with 18 female parents of young children with SCD at an urban, tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Results

Half of the parents knew their hemoglobinopathy status or their partner's status before pregnancy. Eight parents chose to have no further children because of fear of SCD in another child. Awareness of reproductive options prior to study enrollment was limited. After brief introduction, 7 parents would consider adoption, 2 IVFD, and 10 IVF/PGT. Desire for a biological child, fear of parental jealousy, ethical or religious considerations, and cost affected the acceptability of these options. Participants universally wanted information about reproductive options available to others prior to pregnancy.

Conclusions

There is limited awareness and variable acceptability of alternative reproductive options available to decrease the risk of a future child having SCD. Participants universally endorsed the need for education regarding hemoglobinopathy status, SCD, and reproductive options prior to pregnancy because for many participants having a child with SCD affected their reproductive intentions. Educational interventions to ensure informed reproductive decision making should be sensitive to desires for a biological child, and ethical and financial considerations.
Mechanical and fracture behavior of MWCNT/ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposite systems: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Rathi Ankit , Kundalwal Shailesh I.
Published: February 2020

Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have displayed great potential for enhancement of multifunctional properties of a polymer matrix, still incorporation of CNTs with the polymeric matrices requires further improvement in terms synthesis, processing, functionalization etc. In this study, we decorated the surfaces of multi‐walled CNTs (MWCNTs) by zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles to fully utilize former's remarkable mechanical properties, and then MWCNT/ZrO2‐based hybrid epoxy nanocomposites (MNCs) were synthesized via a novel ultrasonic dual mixing (UDM) technique. The fracture strength and toughness of prepared MNCs were studied using a 3‐point (3‐P) single edge notch bending test. The surface morphology and fracture mechanisms were examined through field emission scanning electron microscope images of the fracture surfaces of samples of MNCs. Apart from experimental investigations, the mechanics of materials (MOM) and finite element (FE) models were also developed to predict the effective elastic properties of two‐ and three‐phase MNCs. The mechanical response of MNC‐based beams was studied using 3‐P bending test via FE simulations and the numerical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results with maximum discrepancy of ~6% at 1 wt% loading of hybrid nanofillers. Our results also reveal that the fracture toughness of MNCs is improved by ~31% compared to the neat epoxy when 1.0 wt% loading of MWCNT/ZrO2 hybrid nanofillers is used to fabricate MNC.
Publication trends for single‐case methodology in school psychology: A systematic review
Authors: Radley Keith C. , Dart Evan H. , Fischer Aaron J. , Collins Tai A.
Published: February 2020

Single‐case design (SCD) is a research methodology that may be utilized to establish the presence of a functional relation between an independent and dependent variable. Recent research has found the design to frequently be used within school psychology in the evaluation of intervention procedures. However, the overall prevalence of the design within the broader school psychology literature is unknown. As such, the purpose of the current review was to identify trends in the use of SCD within school psychology publications. Furthermore, the review sought to identify institutions and journals that most frequently published SCD. Finally, the review sought to evaluate trends in experimental rigor of published SCD. Twelve journals were examined, with all publications since their inception reviewed and classified by publication type. Results of the review indicated that SCD was the least frequently published article type. However, data indicate an increase in the prevalence and rigor of the design in recent years. Whereas some journals and institutions were found to have steady rates of SCD publications, others were found to have recent increases in the publication of the design. Implications of findings as they pertain to practitioner practice and adoption of evidence‐based practice are described.
Synthesis, structures, photophysical properties, and catalytic characteristics of 2,9‐dimesityl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmesp) transition metal complexes
Authors: Cetin M. Mustafa , Shafiei‐Haghighi Sara , Chen Jiazhen , Zhang Sheng , Miller Amanda C. , Unruh Daniel K. , Casadonte Dominick J. , Lohr Tracy L. , Marks Tobin J. , Mayer Michael F. , Stoddart J. Fraser , Findlater Michael
Published: February 2020

The syntheses of the 2,9‐dimesityl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmesp) metal complexes, [Cu(dmesp)(MeCN)]PF6 (1), [Cu(dmesp)2]PF6 (2), Fe(dmesp)Cl2 (3), Co(dmesp)Cl2 (4), Ni(dmesp)Cl2 (5), Zn(dmesp)Cl2 (6), Pd(dmesp)MeCl (7), Cu(dmesp)Cl (8), and Pd(dmesp)2Cl2 (9), in good to high yields are described. These complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HR–MS (ESI and/or APPI), and elemental analysis (CHN). The solid‐state structures of complexes 1–8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis and their photophysical properties were also characterized. To demonstrate the versatility of this new platform, complexes 3–5, 8, and 9 were employed in the catalytic oligomerization of ethylene using modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO) as the cocatalyst, where Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes (4 and 5, respectively) were found to exhibit moderate selectivity for catalytic dimerization of ethylene to butenes over tri‐ or tetramerization. Complex 8 is an effective catalyst of both the commonly encountered “click” reaction and amine arylation chemistries. Complexes 6 and 9 were found to be excellent catalysts for Friedel‐Crafts alkylation and Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling, respectively.
Decision regret in men living with and beyond nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the United Kingdom: A population‐based patient‐reported outcome study
Authors: Wilding Sarah , Downing Amy , Selby Peter , Cross William , Wright Penny , Watson Eila K. , Wagland Richard , Kind Paul , Donnelly David W. , Hounsome Luke , Mottram Rebecca , Allen Majorie , Kearney Therese , Butcher Hugh , Gavin Anna , Glaser Adam
Published: February 2020

Objective

Clinical options for managing nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) vary. Each option has side effects associated with it, leading to difficulty in decision‐making. This study aimed to assess the relationship between patient involvement in treatment decision‐making and subsequent decision regret (DR), and quantify the impact of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes on DR.

Methods

Men living in the United Kingdom, 18 to 42 months after diagnosis of PCa, were identified from cancer registration data and sent a questionnaire. Measures included the Decision Regret Scale (DRS), Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite short form (EPIC‐26), EQ‐5D‐5L, and an item on involvement in treatment decision‐making. Multivariable ordinal regression was utilized, with DR categorized as none, mild, or moderate/severe regret.

Results

A total of 17 193 men with stage I‐III PCa completed the DRS: 36.6% reported no regret, 43.3% mild regret, and 20.0% moderate/severe regret. The odds of reporting DR were greater if men indicated their views were not taken into account odds ratio ([OR] = 6.42, 95% CI: 5.39‐7.64) or were involved “to some extent” in decision‐making (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 4.27‐5.02), compared with men who were “definitely” involved. After adjustment, including for involvement, men reporting moderate/big problems with urinary, bowel, or sexual function were more likely to experience regret compared with men with no/small problems. Better HRQL scores were associated with lower levels of DR.

Conclusions

This large‐scale study demonstrates the benefit of patient involvement in treatment decision‐making for nonmetastatic PCa. However, men experiencing side effects and poorer HRQL report greater DR. Promoting engagement in clinical decision‐making represents good practice and may reduce the risk of subsequent regret.
Couples coping with cancer together: Successful implementation of a caregiver program as standard of care
Authors: Bitz Courtney , Kent Erin E. , Clark Karen , Loscalzo Matthew
Published: February 2020

Objective

The couples coping with cancer together program (CCCT) is used to illustrate practical strategies to implement, evaluate, and grow a successful couples‐based program in an NCI‐designated CCC. CCCT is multimodal program utilizing psychoeducational, strategic, strengths‐based, and problem‐solving theoretical frameworks. CCCT integrates multiple intervention modalities, as the standard of care: patients/partners biopsychosocial screening, a standardized psychoeducational session, group intervention, and short‐term couples counseling.

Methods

Implementation strategies included: (a) identifyingValues‐Benefits‐Outcomesfor key stakeholders, (b) recruiting an interdisciplinary team, (c) utilizing a concurrent development model (implementing program components in small iterations), (d) integrating program into existing institutional processes, and (e) collecting data and credibility.

Results

CCCT prospectively screened 1995 patients/partners simultaneously for biopsychosocial distress and 913 patient/partner completed program evaluations. Program satisfaction was extremely high: “I recommend this program, for other patients/partners (Patients 95.4% Partners 96.4%).” Ten of the 11 participating physicians anonymously surveyed responded and indicated 100% likely/very likely “to recommend the program to other physicians.”

Conclusions

Couples‐based programs are underutilized and have been shown to be important for adjustment and increased longevity. Despite barriers in the healthcare environment, implementing couples‐based programs into standard of care are feasible. These strategies may be applicable to develop supportive care programs in various health‐care settings.
Automatic 3D landmarking model using patch‐based deep neural networks for CT image of oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Ma Qingchuan , Kobayashi Etsuko , Fan Bowen , Nakagawa Keiichi , Sakuma Ichiro , Masamune Ken , Suenaga Hideyuki
Published: February 2020

Background

Manual landmarking is a time consuming and highly professional work. Although some algorithm‐based landmarking methods have been proposed, they lack flexibility and may be susceptible to data diversity.

Methods

The CT images from 66 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) were landmarked manually in MIMICS. Then the CT slices were exported as images for recreating the 3D volume. The coordinate data of landmarks were further processed in Matlab using a principal component analysis (PCA) method. A patch‐based deep neural network model with a three‐layer convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to obtain landmarks from CT images.

Results

The evaluating experiment showed that this CNN model could automatically finish landmarking in an average processing time of 37.871 seconds with an average accuracy of 5.785 mm.

Conclusion

This study shows a promising potential to relieve the workload of the surgeon and reduces the dependence on human experience for OMS landmarking.
An analysis of science instruction for the science practices: Examining coherence across system levels and components in current systems of science education in K‐8 schools
Authors: Cherbow Kevin , McKinley Megan T. , McNeill Katherine L. , Lowenhaupt Rebecca
Published: February 2020

Recent reforms in science education advocate for a vision of learning where students figure out science ideas through engagement in science practices. Consequently, there have been significant efforts to engage K‐12 students in the science practices. However, less research attention has been given to understand how this science‐as‐practice vision manifests across systems of science education. Therefore, we analyzed how coherence among system levels (vertical coherence) and components (horizontal coherence) emerged in science instruction and influenced alignment to current science practice reform. We situated instruction in school systems by shadowing four school principals as they supervised science teaching over 4 months. In each school, we observed institutional settings where efforts to implement science reform were largely assimilated into the school's current instructional and administrative systems. These systems prioritized the coverage of state test‐related information, the promotion of literacy skills, and the importance of “hands‐on” science learning. Therefore, we need to create conditions that support educators in translating reform efforts into a reliable working infrastructure in their teaching practice. Further, we suggest greater attention be given to local protocols to collectivize action across system levels and components to develop coherent and user‐centered solutions for implementation of science reform.
Seismic behavior of highly irregular structures with multiple passive energy dissipation system: Case study of a single‐column elevated station
Authors: Zhuang Liang‐Dong , Nie Xin , Xu Li‐Yan
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a case study of the layout strategy for a multiple passive energy dissipation (MPED) system and its influence on the seismic behavior of highly irregular structures. The investigated structure is a single‐column elevated station in a cantilevered structure form, which is unique and characterized by uneven mass and stiffness distributions in both elevation and plane. To improve seismic resistances of the focused structure, the MPED system composed of multiple types of passive energy dissipation (PED) devices targeting different vulnerabilities is devised. In addition, a high‐fidelity and efficient numerical model is developed to assess the structural seismic performance, by leveraging the secondary development based on proprietary finite‐element analysis package MARC.MSC. The fiber beam–column elements are employed to simulate the composite members under complex loading conditions, and spring elements incorporated with cyclic hardening property are developed to simulate the PED devices. Nonlinear static and time history analysis are conducted for the key substructures and whole structure. The results demonstrate that the MPED system can effectively improve the stiffness, strength, and ductility of the structure and significantly reduce its global responses. A comprehensive evaluation indicates that the MPED system is beneficial for the members directly equipped with PED devices, but the benefits are limited for unprotected members that require special attentions in design to avoid secondary damage. Through this study, valid analysis tools and suggestions are provided for the design of high‐irregular structures with MPED system.
Morphological and molecular analyses of South American Microliabum (Compositae, Liabeae, Paranepheliinae) and reinstatement of Austroliabum
Authors: Gutiérrez Diego G. , Garcia‐Jacas Núria , Susanna Alfonso , Grossi Mariana A.
Published: February 2020

The small Neotropical tribe Liabeae (Compositae) is currently classified into four subtribes: Liabinae, Munnoziinae, Paranepheliinae, and Sinclairiinae. As currently accepted, Paranepheliinae includes seven genera, Chionoppapus, Erato, Microliabum, Paranephelius, Philoglossa, Pseudonoseris, and Stephanbeckia, distributed especially throughout the Andes from Venezuela and Colombia to Argentina. Our research focuses in the genus Microliabum, which inhabits extra‐Andean enviroments from Bolivia to central Argentina. The broad concept of Microliabum and its phylogenetic position within Paranepheliinae are controversial. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses of ribosomal nuclear ITS and plastid trnL‐F suggest that both subgenera described within Microliabum are monophyletic. However, Microliabum, without the subgenus Austroliabum, is close to Stephanbeckia. A statistical analysis (PCoA) supports the separation of the subgenera, and morphology mainly based on traits of the involucre and florets permits to establish new taxonomical circumscriptions. Thus, the reinstatement of Austroliabum, the more southern Liabean genus, is here proposed. The genus includes three endemic species from Sub‐Andean and Pampean Hills in central and northwestern Argentina. Austroliabum is characterized by white‐tomentose or woolly pubescence on stems and abaxial leaf surfaces, acrodromous leaf venation, campanulate involucres, coriaceous and adpressed phyllaries in usually five series, outer phyllaries shorter than the inner ones, style branches of disc florets shorter than the pubescent part on the shaft below the bifurcation point, style pubescence on the shaft below the bifurcation point of disc florets at least three times longer than the branches of the style, persistent 2‐seriate pappus with outer series of scales and inner series of barbellate bristles, and achenes pubescent on the ribs. In addition, a revision of Microliabum s.str., with three species, is carried out.