bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation Versus Deviation: Early Bilingual Acquisition of Spanish Differential Object Marking
Authors: Requena Pablo E.
Published: April 2022

Naturalistic production research has reported that, unlike monolingual peers, children acquiring Spanish as a heritage language omit Differential Object Marking (DOM) with animate objects since the earliest stages of language development. However, the previous studies looking at longitudinal monolingual and bilingual corpora cannot be compared to each other given their different treatment of language-internal variation in DOM use along the animacy scale. Whereas monolingual results excluded contexts predicted to be variable, bilingual results combined them with categorical contexts increasing the rate of “errors” in the bilingual group. This study reexamines naturalistic production by monolingual and early bilingual children as well as by their caregivers using a common methodology that distinguishes categorical from variable DOM contexts. The results indicate that longitudinal corpora covering child heritage speakers’ development up to age three do not show evidence of greater omission of DOM compared to monolingual children once variability along the animacy scale is accounted for. By contrast, young monolingual and bilingual children’s use of Spanish DOM seems target-like based on their input.
Evaluasi Kualitas Ekologi dan Estetika Lanskap Terhadap Pengembangan Objek Wisata Salu Pajaan, Dusun Kanang, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: ST. Hajrah Haerun Amalia
Published: April 2022

Objek wisata Salu Pajaan merupakan kawasan budidaya hortikultura yang telah mengalami pengembangan kawasan menjadi kawasan wisata. Saat ini Kawasan wisata dilakukan pembangunan fasilitas oleh pihak pengelola. Pembangunan tersebut menyebabkan menurunnya populasi vegetasi akibat penebangan pohon yang secara tidak langsung dapat menimbulkan penurunan kualitas ekologi pada kawasan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas ekologi dan estetika lanskap terhadap pengembangan objek wisata Salu Pajaan. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan tahap terdiri atas persiapan, inventarisasi, analisis dan penyusunan rekomendasi. Evaluasi kualitas ekologi menggunakan analisis Key Performance Indicator (KPI) untuk membandingkan kondisi nyata dengan kriteria standar dan Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) untuk menilai kualitas estetika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan tanaman dapat memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan apabila penataan dan pemilihan tanaman memenuhi kesesuaian fungsi terhadap lingkungan. Nilai KPI ≥ 81% menunjukkan bahwa tanaman sesuai dengan kriteria. Penilaian kualitas ekologi dari seluruh aspek sesuai dengan standar, dengan nilai persentase KPI aspek fisik kawasan 64%, fungsional 69% dan karakteristik tanaman 78%. Penilaian kualitas estetika menghasilkan nilai SBE 0-112. Nilai SBE tertinggi adalah taman wisata, sedangkan terendah adalah area pelayanan. Area pelayanan memiliki keindahan lanskap rendah karena kurangnya vegetasi dan pemilihan atau penataan komposisi warna, bentuk, ukuran, dan tekstur yang terlihat monoton sehingga belum memberi kesan ruang terbuka yang harmonis. Rekomendasi perbaikan yang diusulkan adalah pengadaan pohon, terutama tanaman yang mampu menyerap polusi udara, seperti pohon ketapang. Rekomendasi penataan tanaman memperhatikan konsep desain berdasarkan perpaduan warna, bentuk, tajuk, dan tekstur sehingga terkesan rapi, seimbang, memunculkan karakter, identitas atau kesan utama dari taman dan tidak monoton.
Addendum to Elsevier Title Level Pricing: Dissecting the Bowl of Spaghetti
Authors: Thornton Joel B. , Brundy Curtis
Published: April 2022

This addendum updates the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) 2020 journal pricing data in Thorton & Brundy (2021). After the authors requested and reviewed UNC’s 2021 pricing and subsequent discussions with UNC, it was determined that the 2020 final net price provided by UNC and used in the original analysis [in Table 4] was incorrect. The 2020 final net price provided by UNC was based upon invoicing for eight months. In this addendum, the 2020 final net price for UNC is annualized for twelve months to reflect the full years’ costs. As a result, Tables 4, 4.1, and 5 and the associated narratives have been revised.
The structure of cosmic strings of a U(1) gauge field for the conservation of B - L
Authors: Muñoz-Vitelly Victor , García-Hernández José Antonio , Bietenholz Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

We consider an extension of the Standard Model, where the difference between the baryon number $B$ and the lepton number $L$ is gauged with an Abelian gauge field, in order to explain the exact conservation of $B-L$. To avoid a gauge anomaly, we add a right-handed neutrino $\nu_{\rm R}$ to each fermion generation. Here it is not sterile, so the usual Majorana term is excluded by gauge invariance. We provide a mass term for $\nu_{\rm R}$ by adding a non-standard 1-component Higgs field, thus arriving at a consistent extension of the Standard Model, where the conservation of $B-L$ is natural, with a modest number of additional fields. We study the possible formation of cosmic strings by solving the coupled field equations of the two Higgs fields and the non-standard U(1) gauge field. Numerical methods provide the correspondingstring profiles, depending on the Higgs winding numbers, such that the appropriate boundary conditions in the string center and far from it are fulfilled.
Студентська наукова робота з української мови
Authors: Колоїз Ж. В. , Остроушко О. А.
Published: April 2022

У запропонованому посібнику йдеться про особливості студентської наукової (курсової та магістерської) роботи з української мови, окреслено її завдання, композицію, загальні вимоги до оформлення, критерії оцінювання, акцентовано на попередженні й виявленні академічного плагіату наукових проектів здобувачів вищої освіти і т. ін. Автори праці апелюють до зразків відповідних наукових праць, поданих у додатках, а також до супровідних документів (рецензія, відгук, експертні висновки і т. ін.). Для студентів факультету української філології.
Харiєнтизм у системi стилiстичних ресурсiв: троп чи стилiстична фiгура?
Authors: Колоїз Жанна
Published: April 2022

У статтi репрезентовано окремi моменти кiлькастолiтньої iсторiї вивчення тропiв i фiгур, що заклало мiцне пiдґрунтя для розбудови риторико-стилiстичної теорiї, однак залишило ще чимало не розв’язаних, а подекуди й дискусiйних питань. Акцентовано на тому, що деякi стилiстичнi явища залишилися, так би мовити, обдiленими увагою, зрiдка актуалiзуються в наукових доробках, час вiд часу з’являються в науковому обiговi в так званому класичному оформленнi. З-помiж них — харiєнтизм, який, безумовно, має потужний стилiстичний потенцiал, замасковано виражаючи делiкатно-глузливо-критичне ставлення мовця до спiвучасника комунiкацiї. Делiкатне глузування, або глузливий жарт, ґрунтований на вдаванiй миловидностi, люб’язностi, iнакше кажучи, харiєнтизм, розглянуто з позицiй реалiзацiї й у словеснiй, i в синтаксичнiй формах, що засвiдчує парадигматичну природу творення, яка може набувати синтагматичного характеру.
Специфiка авторської стратегiї презентацiї постатi Лесi Українки в романi М. Лаюка «Залiзна вода»
Authors: Ковпiк Свiтлана
Published: April 2022

У статтi з’ясовано особливостi авторської стратегiї презентацiї постатi вiдомої української поетеси Лесi Українки в романi сучасного українського письменника М. Лаюка «Залiзна вода». Визначено, що образ Лесi формується на основi розповiдей реальних i вигаданих про неї людей. Численнi iнохарактеристики, роздуми та перекази про мисткиню додають нових, ще й досi незнаних для сучасного читача штрихiв до її особистостi. Наголошено на тому, що авторська стратегiя художньої iнтерпретацiї образу поетики полягала в тому, щоб показати слiд Лесi Українки в життi звичайних горян, серед яких їй довелося побувати в далекому 1901 роцi. Через спогади, перекази й усiлякi переповiстки вибудовується нове бачення письменницi. Звичайнi пересiчнi українцi сприймають Лесю як жiнку з дивною поведiнкою, жiнку, яка веде не зрозумiлий їм спосiб життя, не зрозумiлий, бо вiн вiдмiнний вiд їхнього. М. Лаюк акцентує на тому, як пересiчнi українцi спостерiгають, аналiзують та оцiнюють спосiб життя Лесi й усiляко намагаються зрозумiти її, прагнуть проникнутися її переживаннями. Зазначено, що автор обрав рiдкiсний спосiб презентацiї постатi Лесi Українки, суть якого полягає в тому, щоб розкрити значущiсть особи митця-генiя в долi пересiчних українцiв.
Концепцiя мистецтва в герметичнiй лiрицi В. Свiдзiнського та В. Стуса
Authors: Онiкiєнко Iнна
Published: April 2022

У статтi розглянута українська герметична лiрика як варiант духовної лiрики у ХХ сторiччi, обґрунтовано її зумовленiсть модерним свiтоглядом. Наголошено, що В. Стус продовжує традицiї модернiзму В. Свiдзiнського. Iндивiдуалiзм, нацiоналiзм, прагнення свободи творчого самовираження створюють альтернативний до тоталiтарного духовний простiр. Визначено фiлософсько-естетичнi складовi концепцiї мистецтва В. Свiдзiнського та В. Стуса; розкрито самобутнiсть поетичної фiлософiї митцiв, її вплив на формування герметичної поезiї; дослiджено оцiнку творчостi В. Свiдзiнського в критичнiй рецепцiї В. Стуса.
«На землi, отруєнiй бойовою хiмiєю, кожен воює за себе, усi — проти кожного». Україна versus Росiя в романi Андрiя Цаплiєнка «Стiна»
Authors: Юрчук Олена , Чаплiнська Оксана
Published: April 2022

У статтi проаналiзовано специфiку моделювання постапокалiптичних суспiльств — українського та росiйського, що з’являються на геополiтичнiй європейськiй мапi пiсля закiнчення сучасної росiйсько-української вiйни на Сходi. Автор робить футурологiчне припущення про перемогу України й появу Стiни, яка роз’єднає цивiлiзований (у цьому контекстi й український) свiт та азiйський (росiйський). У романi «Стiна» Україна майбутнього мислиться як Ельдорадо, водночас простiр Ростова, Таганрога чи Московiї позначений метафорою «спаленої землi».
Economic efficiency of nitrogen feedings for winter wheat cultivation in northen Steppe of Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Drumova O. M. , Hasanova I. I. ,   State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kulyk A. O. ,   State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences
Published: April 2022

In the northern Steppe of Ukraine at the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS for 2016–2019, we studied the influence of plant feeding with different types of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate mixture (UAN-32), ammonium sulfate) on the economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation after black fallow and after sunflower. It was established that the lowest cost of one grain ton, the highest net income per hectare and profitability level were in the trial variant where after both predecessors against the background of pre-sowing fertilization (N30P60K30 – after black fallow and N60P60K60 – after sunflower) feeding crops with nitrogen fertilizers was locally applied on two dates: N30 on freeze-thawed soil + N30 at the end of plant tillering stage. The above indicators among the studied varieties of winter wheat, such as Kokhanka (valuable variety), Nyva odeska and Uzhynok (strong varieties), were the best in the Nyva odeska variety, and they achieved at cultivation after black fallow depending on the type of nitrogen fertilizers 2055– 2222 UAH, 28470–30089 UAH per hectare and 200.2–224.6 %, respectively. When growing the same variety after sunflower with nitrogen feedings on two dates, the indicators ranged depending on the fertilizer type: the cost of one grain ton – 2813–2953 UAH, net income – 16802–17821 UAH/ha and profitability level – 125.9–137.1 %. The Uzhynok winter wheat variety after the non-fallow predecessor had the lowest economic indicators and produced lower yield compared to Nyva odeska and Kohanka varieties. It was found that Urea Ammonium Nitrate mixture (UAN-32) fertilizer for nitrogen feedings provided the higher economic cultivation efficiency of all winter wheat varieties, and the more expensive ammonium sulfate had the lower efficiency after both predecessors. Keywords: winter wheat, variety, predecessor, mineral fertilizers, nitrogen feedings, yield, economic efficiency.
Ungesunde Ökologien, prekäre Arbeit und Pandemie in der globalisierten Fleischindustrie im Süden Brasiliens
Authors: Segata Jean , Sordi Caetano , Segata Juliara Borges , Lewgoy Bernardo
Published: April 2022

Die hohen COVID-19-Inzidenzen unter Beschäftigten in fleischverarbeitenden Betrieben im Süden Brasiliens markieren einen neuen Punkt auf der langen Liste von Problemen der globalen fleischverarbeitenden Industrie. Bereits bekannte Probleme sind Arbeitsunfälle, das Repetitive-Strain-Injury-Syndrom, Arbeit mit kontaminierten Abfällen sowie immunologische und psychiatrische Störungen. Zudem ist die Industrie geprägt von prekärer Arbeit, Rassismus und Speziesismus sowie der Hervorbringung ungesunder Ökologien. Diese nähren entstehende Krankheitserreger und bilden gemeinsam eine Szenerie chronischer Zerstörung, welche Menschen, Tiere und Umwelten ausbeutet und krank macht. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, wie in der aktuellen Situation - ausgelöst durch die unheilvolle Aktivität des Agrobusiness - zentrale Themen des Anthropozäns zusammenfallen und sich in neuen Konfigurationen die vernichtenden, historischen, sozialen, gesundheitlichen und ökologischen Bedingungen wiederholen, von denen Brasilien seit der Kolonialzeit betroffen ist.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Bladder Cancer Care in the Netherlands
Authors: van Hoogstraten Lisa M.C. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Meijer Richard P. , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Vanneste Ben G.L. , Incrocci Luca , Smilde Tineke J. , Siesling Sabine , Witjes J. Alfred , Aben Katja K.H. ,   on behalf of the BlaZIB study group and the COVID and Cancer-NL consortium
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted regular health care with potential consequences for non-COVID diseases like cancer. To ensure continuity of oncological care, guidelines were temporarily adapted.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on bladder cancer care in the Netherlands.

METHODS:

The number of bladder cancer (BC) diagnoses per month during 2020-2021 was compared to 2018-2019 based on preliminary data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Additionally, detailed data were retrieved from the NCR for the cohort diagnosed between March 1st-May 31st 2020 (first COVID wave) and 2018-2019 (reference cohort). BC diagnoses, changes in age and stage at diagnosis, and time to first-line treatment were compared between both periods. Changes in treatment were evaluated using logistic regression.

RESULTS:

During the first COVID wave (week 9–22), the number of BC diagnoses decreased by 14%, corresponding with approximately 300 diagnoses, but increased again in the second half of 2020. The decline was most pronounced from week 13 onwards in patients≥70 years and patients with non-muscle invasive BC. Patients with muscle-invasive disease were less likely to undergo a radical cystectomy (RC) in week 17–22 (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.97). Shortly after the start of the outbreak, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased from 34% to 25% but this (non-significant) effect disappeared at the end of April. During the first wave, 5% more RCs were performed compared to previous years. Time from diagnosis to RC became 6 days shorter. Overall, a 7% reduction in RCs was observed in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS:

The number of BC diagnoses decreased steeply by 14% during the first COVID wave but increased again to pre-COVID levels by the end of 2020 (i.e. 600 diagnoses/month). Treatment-related changes remained limited and followed the adapted guidelines. Surgical volume was not compromised during the first wave. Altogether, the impact of the first COVID-19 outbreak on bladder cancer care in the Netherlands appears to be less pronounced than was reported for other solid tumors, both in the Netherlands and abroad. However, its impact on bladder cancer stage shift and long-term outcomes, as well as later pandemic waves remain so far unexamined.
Coactivation does not contribute to fatigue-induced decreases in torque during reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions
Authors: Neltner Tyler J. , Anders John Paul V. , Smith Robert W. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , Keller Joshua L. , Housh Terry J. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Studies of coactivation have typically utilized single movement isometric or isokinetic fatiguing muscle actions.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of the current study was to examine coactivation of the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) in response to a maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic fatiguing task of the forearm flexors and extensors at slow (60[Formula: see text]/s) and moderate (180[Formula: see text]/s) isokinetic velocities in men.

METHODS:

Ten men (mean [Formula: see text] SD: age [Formula: see text] 21.6 [Formula: see text] 1.3 years) completed 50 consecutive, maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions of the right forearm flexors and extensors at 60 and 180[Formula: see text]/s. The amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) contents of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the BB and TB were recorded simultaneously throughout the fatiguing task. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Tukey post hocs were used to determine mean differences for the torque and neuromuscular parameters across repetitions.

RESULTS:

The torque analyses indicated greater fatigability at 180[Formula: see text]/s, compared to 60[Formula: see text]/s ([Formula: see text] 0.02). There were no significant changes in EMG AMP for either muscle during flexion or extension at 60[Formula: see text]/s ([Formula: see text] 0.05). At 180[Formula: see text]/s, there were significant increases in agonist EMG AMP ([Formula: see text] 0.01 to 0.004), however, no changes in antagonist EMG AMP ([Formula: see text] 0.05). For EMG MPF, there were significant decreases during flexion and extension ([Formula: see text] 0.001 to [Formula: see text] 0.02) at both velocities, collapsed across muscle. There were no significant ([Formula: see text] 0.05) changes across repetition for MMG AMP or MPF.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study indicated velocity-specific responses to fatigue, with a greater magnitude of fatigability at 180[Formula: see text]/s. Furthermore, despite increases in EMG AMP of the agonist muscles at 180[Formula: see text]/s only, it was not sufficient to alter the ratio of coactivation, likely due to common neural drive between muscles. Thus, the decreases in torque in the present study were not attributable to increases in coactivation.
Intra-rater reliability of the combined elevation test and the weight-bearing dorsiflexion lunge test using telehealth in healthy athletes
Authors: Fialho Hilmaynne Renaly Fonseca , Kamonseki Danilo Harudy , Jales Maycon Thomas Moises , Gonçalves Gustavo Viotto , Barbosa Germanna de Medeiros , Calixtre Letícia Bojikian
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Reduced mobility of upper and lower limbs has been associated with injuries in athletes. The Combined Elevation Test (CET) and the Weight-Bearing Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (WBDLT) are frequently used in clinical and research settings in face-to-face evaluations. However, some situations require physical distancing, and it is unknown whether those tests via telehealth are reliable.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the intra-rater reliability, the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) for considering a real change on the CET and WBDLT were calculated for healthy athletes via telehealth.

METHODS:

67 athletes (25 years, 73 kg, and 1.75 m on average) participated in this study. 37 athletes performed the CET and 50 performed the WBDLT (20 performed both tests). Reliability was assessed through two online evaluations (7 to 15-days apart).

RESULTS:

ICC[Formula: see text] ranged from 0.88–0.97 for the CET and from 0.95–0.98 for the WBDLT. For both tests, SEM values were low ([Formula: see text] 8.9%) and the MDC[Formula: see text] was approximately 4 cm and 2 cm for the CET and WBDLT, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Telehealth-based findings relating to CET and WBDLT are reliable in healthy adult athletes and can be used to screen this population when face-to-face evaluations are not feasible.
A Bayesian Reanalysis of the Phase III Aducanumab (ADU) Trial
Authors: Costa Tommaso , Cauda Franco
Published: April 2022

Background: In December 2019, in light of additional blinded data, Biogen claimed efficacy of the drug Aducanumab (ADU). Objective: We conducted a reanalysis of the phase III ADU summary statistics, focusing in particular on the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes. Methods: We used a Bayesian framework to mitigate the problems of the null-hypothesis significance testing framework. In particular, we used Bayes Factor (BF) to analyze the summary statistics. The BF is the comparison of how well two hypotheses predict the data. Results: Our results showed that the evidence for ADU efficacy is very low. The results show that the only data with a BF value in favor of the alternative hypothesis (i.e., drug efficacy) is the high-dose condition in the EMERGE trial. However, the obtained BF falls within the range of values considered anecdotal, meaning a low level of evidence. Conclusion: We provide a clearer interpretation of the results of the clinical trials based on the Bayesian framework, as this may be useful for future development and research in the field.
Impact of the agglomeration process on the flow, reconstitution, and antioxidant properties of an Andean berry powder mix
Authors: Gallón Bedoya Manuela , Cortés Rodríguez Misael , Gil G Jesús Humberto , Lemus Mondaca Roberto
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

There is consumer interest in berries due to their nutritional properties, especially biologically active compounds. Spray drying technologies improve products stability and shelf life, and the agglomeration process subsequently enhances powder instantaneousness and flow properties.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim was to evaluate the effect of the fluidized bed agglomeration process on flow, reconstitution, and antioxidant properties of cape gooseberry, strawberry, and blackberry powder mix obtained by spray drying and a water and vitamin C binding solution.

METHODS:

A face-centered central composite design with 15 experiments was used; independent variables were fluidization temperature (T), binder solution atomization pressure (P), and process time (t), while dependent variables were moisture, solubility, wettability, particle size, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, Vit. C, β-carotenes (β-car), and total anthocyanins.

RESULTS:

The best process conditions from experimental optimization were T = 70 °C, P = 1.1 bar, and t = 29.1 min. This agglomerated product had low moisture values, good solubility, and 0.5 min wettability; the values for Vit. C = 246.4±3.4 mg/100 g db, β-car = 4.0±0.5 mg/100 g db, and total anthocyanins = 230.7±3.0 mg C3G/100 g db were noteworthy.

CONCLUSIONS:

An agglomerate berry-based powder product was obtained with 100% Vit. C RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) and 15% vitamin A RDA. Flow and instantaneousness properties of the agglomerated powder also significantly improved with the applied process.
Evolution of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) research: 2012–2021
Authors: Zakaria Rahimah , Vit Patricia , Wijaya Adi , Ahmad Asma Hayati , Othman Zahiruddin , Mezzetti Bruno
Published: April 2022

Blueberries, strawberries and raspberries are soft fruits marketed worldwide, with unique sensory, nutritional and biological properties. This bibliometric comparative analysis aims to analyse the published scientific research in order to provide a valuable and important reference for berry growers, the fruit industry, health personnel and scientists in berry research communities. The Scopus database was utilised for bibliometric analysis of scientific articles on blueberry, raspberry and strawberry fruits published in English in the last decade (2012 to 2021). The publishing trends in blueberry, raspberry, and strawberry research were increased, with strawberry research showing the most significant increase. The top country and institutions researching the three berries were in the United States, followed by China. The top journal was Hortscience for blueberries and Scientia Horticulturae for raspberry and strawberry. The top authors were Drummond FA, Stoner GD and Peres NA for blueberry, raspberry and strawberry, respectively. The most frequent keywords concerning these berries were analyzed and clustered in thematic groups. Core keywords related to functional foods, medicinal properties, as well as fruit quality and gene expression themes were identified. Apart from medicinal and fruit quality themes, the biological control theme was also identified to be relevant in future research.
Assessing the potential for nonresponse bias and measurement concordance in the clinical preventive services self-administered questionnaire survey
Authors: Muhuri Pradip K.
Published: April 2022

Health survey statistics are essential for setting national targets, monitoring population-level trends, and tracking progress in adults’ utilization of preventive health services. However, survey estimates can be subject to nonresponse bias. This paper primarily assesses the potential for nonresponse bias in six utilization estimates from the Clinical Preventive Services Self-Administered Questionnaire (PSAQ) survey. The article highlights several findings. First, the eligible PSAQ sample person’s selective nonresponse associated with influenza vaccinations and blood pressure check-ups reported in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey provides indirect evidence of overestimating the utilization of those services in the PSAQ survey. Second, the study found a few weighting class variables correlated with PSAQ response propensity and survey variables. Third, surprisingly, base-weighted estimates of preventive service utilization changed little despite multiple post-survey adjustments, suggesting no substantial nonresponse bias. Additionally, the study finds moderate to near-perfect concordance in responses to selected preventive service questions across interview modes.
MANGROVE RESTORATION IN NE BRAZIL: A UNIFIED CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTING TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Cesar Ferreira Alexander , Drude de Lacerda Luiz
Published: April 2022

The decade 2021-2030 was defined by the UN as the decade of ‘Ecosystem Restoration’ and of ‘Ocean Science for Sustainable Development’, aiming to restore ecosystems and protect the Oceans. Among target ecosystems, mangroves are fundamental wetlands, since they support a lively, biologically dynamic frontier between land and sea, furnishing many goods and services in relation to their extension, like fisheries, timber, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, among others. Regarding climate change, mangrove restoration helps mitigate GHG emissions, by sequestering carbon in biomass and sediments for long periods of time and increases shore protection facing sea level rise and extreme climate events. The possibilities and conditions for mangrove restoration are many, and their rehabilitation/restoration is possible as provided by evidence form many experiments worldwide. Notwithstanding, there are still many steps in methodology and governance decisions to place mangrove restoration as a globally effective mitigation and adaptation measure to climate change.
 
Keywords: global changes, ecosystem services, ecological rehabilitation, mitigation.
CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES OF THE CYCLONES AND OCEANIC HAZARDS IN THE WESTERN SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
Authors: Barnez Gramcianinov Carolina , M. Campos Ricardo , De Camargo Ricardo
Published: April 2022

Cyclone-related oceanic hazards, such as extreme waves and surges, are frequently reported on the western South Atlantic. These events are associated with coastal erosion, coastal infrastructure damage, maritime navigation, and offshore industry incidents, being important for safety and maintenance management in ocean engineering. Present climate trends and future projections of this event are frequently linked with the expected general poleward shift of the storm track over the globe, but regional approaches revealed a slight increase in the cyclonic activity in South America 35ºS and 40ºS, which would be restricted to the coast. However, the signals of these changes are weak and frequently of the same magnitude of model biases, producing results with a lack of confidence, especially in the coastal zone. Extreme events related to waves and surges used to present large uncertainty and heterogeneity around the globe. Most of the problems regarding future estimation rely on methodological limitations that will not overrun without collaborative efforts to the improvement of observational-based science. Taking advantage of the UN Ocean Decade goals, national and regional initiatives need to collaborate towards a robust and continuous Brazilian observational network in order to face the climate crises in the country.
 
Keywords: ocean wind-waves, coastal flooding, storm surge, extratropical cyclones, ocean waves, natural hazards.
POTENTIAL AND REALIZED DIVERSITY OF COASTAL PLANKTON: THE ROLE OF RESTING STAGES IN ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING
Authors: Belmonte Genuario , Rubino Fernando
Published: April 2022

Resting stages are the strategy for species to avoid the variability of environmental conditions. In coastal confined marine habitats, variability of conditions is higher than in the open sea, and bottoms accumulate plankton resting stages in the so-called “marine cyst banks”. The benthic-pelagic coupling generated by this bi-location of plankton, however, is not clearly evident for all the involved species. This result is due to the still scant knowledge of the life cycles and life histories of single species. The study of plankton dynamics from the benthos point of view is useful and informative and it increases the potential complexity of a planktonic community in a confined area.
Keywords: plankton, life cycles, resting stages, cysts, benthic-pelagic coupling, resurrection ecology.
OCEAN MODELLING IN BRAZIL, A QUICK OVERVIEW
Authors: Marta-Almeida Martinho
Published: April 2022

Hydrodynamic numerical modelling studies, at least partially focused on the Brazilian oceanography, were identified using the Scopus database. Ocean modelling in Brazil started in 1994 and has been increasing especially since 2007. In recent years, however, the rate of the increase is slowing. The main ocean models used are ROMS, POM and HYCOM, and the main institutions publishing in ocean modelling in Brazil are located in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, resulting in the Southeast as the most studied region. Men dominate the ocean modelling in Brazil, with only three women in the top twenty scientists. Oil industry is a great sponsor of oceanography in Brazil. The interest in renewable energy offshore is, on the other hand, very low, with only two publications assessing the potential for renewable energy extraction from the ocean.
 
Keywords: ocean modelling, Brazil, models, regions, authors.
SELECTION OF TARGET SPECIES FOR MARINE PROTECTED AREAS: A MULTI CRITERIA APPROACH USING BENTHIC ORGANISMS
Authors: Américo Montiel , Daniel Pérez , Matthias Gorny
Published: April 2022

The selection of optimal target species to define and manage protected marine areas (MPAs) has generated a great scientific discussion during the past decades. Benthic invertebrates are commonly less considered as important target species, despite their pivotal role in marine ecosystems. To address this issue, we determined target species among benthic marine organisms using a multi-criteria approach. For this purpose, we used a data base from the Katalalixar National Reserve (RNK) in central Patagonia, Chile. The data were obtained through underwater photography and quantitative sampling by means of scuba diving during three expeditions between 2017 and 2019. Based on the total taxonomical inventory from both methods, a SIMPER analysis was used to determine 10 candidate species, and the Landscape Selection Species program was used for the selection of target species. Finally, eight target species were selected. The black snail Tegula atra, the hermit crab Pagurus comptus, the gastropod Crepipatella dilatata, and the polychaete Platynereis australis were selected among errant species. Among sessile species, the encrusting coralline algae Lithothamnium sp., the sea anemone Actinostola chilensis, the parchment worm Chaetopterus variopedatus, and the encrusting ascidia Didemnum sp. were the selected species. Based on our results we expect that these species will be included as target species in future management plans to improve protection of the marine environment of the Katalalixar National Reserve, one of the most pristine areas of the Chilean fjord region.
Keywords: macroinvertebrates, macroalgae, biodiversity, Patagonia.
FOSTERING CONSERVANCY THROUGH BIOPROSPECTION: THE PHARMACEUTICAL VALUE OF THE BRAZILIAN ASCIDIAN FAUNA
Authors: Del Bianco Sahm Bianca , Alves Guimarães Larissa , Veras Wilke Diego , Bauermeister Anelize , Veras Costa-Lotufo Leticia , C. Jimenez Paula
Published: April 2022

The inherent value of nature is immeasurable. That being said, through bioprospection – the systematic search for functional products or processes from living organisms –, the oceans and marine life have emerged as a relevant source of biodiscoveries that hold significant economic worth. Particularly considering the pharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of natural molecules of marine origin have been making their way into pipelines and receiving approval for clinical use. Still, in its earliest days, this had become an extractivist practice, putting marine environments at risk and nearly driving species to extinction through over-collecting. While it is now well understood that exploration of the oceans' living resources must withstand a sustainable agenda, thus, protecting the environment from unnatural genetic losses, it was the developments towards achieving more efficient bioprospective strategies and non-destructive but feasible means to assure product supply that pushed for the greatest advances in this field. Herein, we present our assessment of this story by telling it through the 20-year journey – and few detours –we took in the chemical and pharmacological study of the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei, a species endemic to the northeast coast of Brazil that retains novel natural products with remarkable modes of action. Indeed, ascidians figure among the most pharmacologically talented marine organisms, having yielded the active principles of three new anticancer drugs, one of which is being considered for repositioning towards the treatment of Covid-19. Finally, we argue that emphasizing the unceasing biotechnological potential of marine biological diversity, exemplified herein by Brazilian ascidians, but certainly true worldwide for this and many other groups, would work in favor of raising awareness and supporting strategies to foster conservation of the oceans.
Keywords: blue biotechnology, marine biodiversity, ascidians, bioproducts, innovation.
GETTING BY ANTHROPOCENE WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM MICROBES
Authors: Cruz Lopes Tavares Tallita
Published: April 2022

When modern man evolved in Africa 250,000 years ago by hunting and gathering, would he dream of megalopolis and flying machines? Would he ever understand how we managed to create and expand so much that this could cause our very decline like an Icarus that reached for the sun while the wax on his wings melts? Nowadays, as we find more and more evidence of the negative impacts we have caused to the biosphere, we are also looking for solutions to write a different future, a sustainable future. In this perspective, I present how a microbcentric approach can help achieve many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the knowledge that microorganisms are the engines of life on Earth. The science of microbiology has shown that most microorganisms are not pathogens but live in close association with almost any plant or animal, with many advantages that can certainly be used in an evidence-based manner. Each of the 17 SDGs can be strengthened by considering microbes – from improving or restoring soil fertility to produce food to protecting blue carbon ecosystems, such as corals and mangroves. Recognizing that these minuscule beings hold one of the keys to a sustainable future is essential, which would be achieved by strengthening research, microbial literacy actions, and cooperation among scientists, stakeholders, decision-makers, and society. Microorganisms can help us create opportunities for the future, like a Daedalus that finally gets heard by an arrogant Icarus.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, bioeconomy, microbial innovations, sustainability, climate change.
THE SOUTHERN OCEAN: OUR BEST OPPORTUNITY?
Authors: Isla Enrique
Published: April 2022

The Southern Ocean has a significant importance in global climate regulation because its great potential to sequester atmospheric carbon and its enormous contribution to the transport of heat and mass in the global ocean. Antarctic benthos presents unique characteristics developed after millions of years of evolution and greatly contribute to the maintenance of the global biodiversity and genetic pool. Ongoing anthropogenic pressure seriously threaten Southern Ocean’s current characteristics and the ecosystems services they provide. In my opinion, individual actions toward environmental protection emergesas the fastest alternative to ameliorate the current situation.
Keywords: Antarctica, climate change, anthropogenic impacts, social behavior.
THE DECADE OF OCEAN SCIENCE: THE IMPORTANCE OF “REDISCOVERING” THE TINY AND INVISIBLE WORLD OF PLANKTON
Authors: Martins Garcia Tatiane , Pinho Costa Ana Cecília , Carolina Coelho Campos Carolina , Vieira Arruda Júnior José Pedro , De Sousa Barroso Hortência , De Oliveira Soares Marcelo
Published: April 2022

The Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) has just started, and multiple stakeholders, including scientists, policymakers, civil society, funders, and the private sector will join transnational efforts to reverse the severe cycle of ocean biodiversity decline. This viewpoint article emphasizes goal number 14 that refers to the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, and will particularly discuss the challenges of plankton research in the ongoing Anthropocene and methods to promote a true societal understanding of these species. There are many challenges for this “tiny and invisible world”, especially because they are understudied and their importance in marine trophic webs, global biodiversity, and many plankton-mediated ecosystem services is often overlooked. This article discusses and highlights the ecological aspects of plankton communities according to the seven outcomes of the Ocean Decade. Although the impacts on benthic and nekton components (such as fish and corals) are more commonly known and recognized by society, plankton worldwide are also threatened by the loss of suitable habitats, range shift of species, organic pollution, invasive species, plastics, and globalclimate change (e.g., extreme floods and droughts, heat waves, and warming). Ocean literacy is currently challenged in terms of the understanding of plankton, and it is important to explain the relevance of this “invisible world” to people of all ages, cultures, and school levels. Rapid, straightforward, and appropriate communication is required to engage the public and improve awareness and science-based policies related to this important, overlooked, and threatened component of marine life.
Keywords: marine plankton, marine food web, ocean decade, sustainable development, marine biodiversity.
IMPACTS OF JELLYFISH: GELATINOUS PROBLEMS OR OPPORTUNITIES?
Authors: Carrara Morandini André
Published: April 2022

Some points related to the impacts (either negative or positive) caused by jellyfish(scyp homedusae) are briefly presented. Although medusae cause several negative impacts, they also have a positive side. It is argued that jellyfish blooms are becoming more frequent in areas where anthropogenic impacts are higher. Human perceptions of jellyfish need more study to better understand the role of these animals in the environment. Only then will we be able to decide if they are “good” or “bad”.
Keywords: medusa, gelatinous zooplankton, Scyphozoa, marine zoology, marine impacts, climate change.
MICROALGAE AS A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREFINERIES: MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Andrea de Jesús Gárate-Osuna , Dulce Libna Ambriz-Pérez , Angel Valdez-Ortiz , David Ulises Santos-Ballardo
Published: April 2022

Biorefining is sustainable biomass processing to obtain energy, biofuels and high value products through different technologies and processes for biomass transformation. On the other hand, microalgae have been received great interest as a biofuel feedstock in response to the uprising energy crisis, climate change and depletion of natural sources. However, the development of microalgal biofuels does not satisfy the economic feasibility to reach commercial status. Due to this, different high-value co-products have been produced through the extraction of microalgae fractions to improve the economical profile of this technology, generating in this way the microalgae biorefineries. Examples of these high-value products are pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and antioxidants, with applications in cosmetics, nutritional and pharmaceuticals industries. To promote the sustainability of this process, an innovative microalgae biorefinery structure is implemented through the generation of multiple products, usually in form of biofuel and other high valueproducts. This review presents the current challenges in the extraction of high value products from microalgae and its integration in the biorefinery. It describes the general characteristics of microalgae, and their potential to be used as a raw material in the biorefinery process.
Keywords: microalgae, bioenergy, bioproducts, biorefineries.
BACTERIOME ASSOCIATED WITH Rhizophora mangle SEDIMENTS WITHIN BRAZIL SEMI-ARID MANGROVES
Authors: Melgaço Bezerra Walderly , Cruz Lopes Tavares Tallita , Lúcia Rodrigues Nogueira Vanessa , Ribeiro Oliveira Normando Leonardo , A. Bomfim Tatiana , Lira Angelim Alysson , Maria Maciel Melo Vania
Published: April 2022

Microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystems and knowledge on the plant/microorganism association is essential to better understand the functioning of this environment. Rhizophora mangle is the dominant tree species within Brazilian mangroves and little information is available on the microbiota associated with this plant species. In this context, the aim of this study was to survey the taxonomic diversity of bacteria in the R. mangle root zones in mangroves within the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil submitted to different human disturbances, intending to determine the bacterialfingerprint associated with this habitat. The total DNA extracted from sediments of different mangroves was pooled and used for construction of 16S rDNA cloning libraries, which resulted in 663 sequences with an average size of 809 bp. All mangroves were rich in different phyla of the Bacteria domain, with Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria being detected in all locations. Proteobacteria was dominant in all mangroves, and it was mainly represented by Alpha, Delta, and Gammaproteobacteria. The greatest richness was found in the Timonha river mangrove, with 13 phyla, a location considered more preserved compared to other mangroves. The lowest richness was found in Ceará river mangrove, with only seven phyla. This mangrove is threatened by intense urbanization. The results clearly showed that the taxonomic diversity of bacteria from mangroves subjected to intense urbanization have decreased, highlighting the risks of these changes for the functioning of important microbe-mediated processes and related ecosystem services.
Keywords: brazilian mangroves, semi-arid, Rhizophora mangle, rRNA 16S, clone library.
COASTAL OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN BRAZIL: A BRIEF OVERVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Carlos Cotovicz Jr. Luiz , Valente Marins Rozane , Abril Gwenaël
Published: April 2022

This perspective paper aims at presenting the current knowledge on the processes of ocean acidification (OA) and coastal acidification (CA) in the Brazilian coastal ocean. We define and differentiate the processes of OA and CA: the first driven by the actual global increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2); the second driven by a combination of ocean uptake of atmospheric CO2 and other local/regional chemical additions or subtractions in aquatic ecosystems at the land-ocean interface. Regarding OA, we have centered our analysis on the data available for the main water masses along the Brazilian coast: South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), Tropical Water (TW), and Coastal Water (CW). The few data available for the shallow coastal waters (< 200 m depth) of the continental shelf reveal an increase in the anthropogenic component of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool in the SACW, with a decline in the ocean pH (over two decades; 1993-2013), and in the saturation state of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. We could not find OA trends for TW and CW because no data was available. Overall, the colder water masses (SACW, Plata Plume) have lower buffering capacity and simulations show that will potentially experience earlier negative OA impacts than the warmer waters masses (TW, Amazon Plume). Regarding CA, we have identified some local/regional studies investigating the carbonate chemistry in nearshore/estuarine ecosystems, particularly on the quantification of sources and sinks of CO2 , and determining short-term variabilities. Apparently, spreading coastal eutrophication in Brazil can enhances or reduces the process of OA, depending on the net ecosystem metabolism in combination with other chemical alterations. However, we could not find medium-long term acidification trends due to the limited data. There is a limited capacity to produce long time-series of carbonate chemistry parameters in key ecosystems and regions along the Brazilian coast. This lack of past information hinders and impairs the scientific community for identifying potential patterns of acidification along the Brazilian coast. We call for an urgent action in Brazil, with emphasis on the establishment of moored buoys/stations and/or scientific programs in the long term with continuous, real-time measurements of the main carbonate chemistry parameters.
Keywords: ocean acidification, coastal acidification, coastal eutrophication, continental shelf, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean