bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizing health care for families affected by HIV
Authors: Kelly Paulajcan
Published: November 2016

Health care traditionally focuses on the individual and not the family unit. Models of care for those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not successfully meet the needs of a family where more than one member is infected. This article examines whether family-centred care provides an appropriate model for the organization and delivery of quality care to families affected by HIV.
Screening the over 75s: 1
Authors: Richards Dilys
Published: November 2016

The GP has a contractual requirement to offer annual health assessment for patients aged 75 and over. This article, the first in a two-part series, reviews geriatric screening and discusses which patients should be screened, where screening should take place and which health workers should be involved.
Correspondence
Authors: Jones Lcs , Chadderton Hugh M , Watts Caroline , Sheperd John
Published: November 2016

Nurses' changing roles create controversy
A time for listening
Authors: Hope Pam
Published: November 2016

Sitting, talking to patients is an underrated and often unrecognized part of the nurse's role. In response to Castledine's column (Vol. 2, No 15, p.776) relating to the nursing view of death, I would strongly support the idea that one of the main care skills of nursing is making time to listen to patients (Hope, 1992). In the present health care world, with its emphasis on nurses developing their technical abilities, I worry that basic caring competencies will disappear.
Screening the over 75s: 2
Authors: Richards Dilys
Published: November 2016

Although Government guidelines assume that screening of the over-75s will have beneficial effects, the content of the assessment is not clear. This article, the second in a two-part series, presents a tool for functional assessment.
The contribution of secure hospitals to social control
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

Since the latter part of 1992 there has been an unremitting media coverage of serious criminal incidents involving individuals with a diagnosis of mental disorder.
An outline of the forensic nursing role
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

Nurses working within secure institutions are agents for both therapy and custody. With its distinctive client group, predominantly institution-based care, exceptional knowledge base and clinical focus on mental disorder and deviance, forensic nursing can justifiably claim the status of a specialty.
A personal view of asthma
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

In my previous column I referred to the high standard of education provided by the Asthma Training Centre. However, whatever the quality or excellence achieved, the value of the patient's perspective can never be underestimated.
Community mental health teams: a suitable case for treatment
Authors: Waddington Paul
Published: November 2016

The new order of mental health provision requires a major shift in emphasis from inpatient to outpatient, day and domiciliary care. Unprecedented levels of collaboration will be needed between the different professional groups involved and between health and local authorities and the independent sector. The new order cannot be created without a commensurate shift of resources — which has plainly not yet happened.
Autologous blood for elective oral-maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Keen Jean
Published: November 2016

The use of autologous blood in elective surgical procedures is increasing in popularity among surgeons. Initially, it was confined to a small number of specialties, but now it is a technique that nurses are likely to meet during their career.
Caring: a new framework for analysis
Authors: Fox Jane , Seaman Hugh , Wilmot Steve
Published: November 2016

The increased attention given to the concept of care within the nursing literature must be considered in the light of the relatively superficial consideration given to the same concept within the educational curriculum. This article offers possible explanations for such brief consideration before discussing the development of a new framework for analysis of care.
Treating a miner with underground phobia
Authors: Blore David C
Published: November 2016

Care study

Mike, a 46-year-old coal miner from a mining family, was involved in a ‘tripping out’ incident at work which caused him to develop underground phobia and to be off work for 3 months. A referral for behavioural psychotherapy was made by the British Coal Occupational Health Service. After treatment consisting of a modified form of rapid exposure, Mike returned to work. Two years later he is still at work.
Defining nursing practice
Authors: McGee Paula
Published: November 2016

Nursing needs definition. The UKCC has recently proposed three levels of nursing practice: primary, clinical nurse specialist and advanced practitioner. This article examines these roles and illustrates the level of attainment required in relation to wound care.
Measuring the prevalence and incidence of pressure sores
Authors: Dealey Carol
Published: November 2016

There is increasing interest in measuring the prevalence and incidence of pressure sores. These terms are often poorly understood and sometimes used interchangeably, although they refer to different forms of data collection. This article seeks to clarify the differences between them.
A response to the British Paediatric Association report on paediatric intensive care services
Authors: Pearce Julie , Glasper Edward Alan , Atkinson Belinda
Published: November 2016

The publication of the long-awaited report by the British Paediatric Association (BPA) (1993) in conjunction with the Department of Health (DoH) has added yet another dimension to the already complex problem of providing comprehensive intensive care services.
Nursing care of the patient with altered body image
Authors: MacGinley Karen J
Published: November 2016

Body image is influenced by our environment and the people around us. Alteration in normal body image has many components, i.e. biological, psychological and social. These must all be taken into account when nursing the patient with an altered body image as they have great implications for care.
Changing influence of occupational sociology
Authors: Porter Sam
Published: November 2016

This article examines the development of perspectives in the sociology of professions, and how changes in these perspectives have helped to alter the conceptions that nursing theorists have of their occupation, and of the means for its advancement.
Bleak prospects for nurses in 1994
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Last year in my opening editorial I wrote that ‘nurses face a fragmented health service in 1993’ (Vol 2(1): 56). My prediction for 1994 is that nurses face not only fragmentation but also decimation. There are now poor job prospects and little hope of personal and professional development as the NHS trusts try to balance their books.
Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 1
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

Most nurses, irrespective of specialty, will be confronted with disturbed psychiatric patients. There are many forms of psychiatric emergency; this article examines nurse-aid management of acute confusional states, hallucinations, delusional thinking and suspiciousness and highlights interventions aimed at dealing with disturbed patients to avoid an immediate deterioration of the situation.
Role of the lecturer practitioner: 1
Authors: Woodrow Philip
Published: November 2016

The lecturer practitioner role is a practice-led educational development which has been sparsely studied. This two-part article aims to show that the role is central to dynamic development within the nursing profession and that, despite many potential problems, it can be both rewarding and valuable. Part 1 describes the development of the lecturer practitioner role and examines various aspects of the role, including clinical learning and assessment.
Role of the lecturer practioner: 2
Authors: Woodrow Philip
Published: November 2016

The first part of this article examined the development of the role of the lecturer practitioner within nursing. This article discusses the qualifications needed for the role, the conflicts that may arise as a result of the dual nature of the role, and the career structure.
Spyrosorb and Spyroflex
Authors: Williams Carol
Published: November 2016

With the numerous wound dressings now available, it is sometimes difficult to know which dressing is right for each different situation. This article examines the action of two Eroducts and ighlights their appropriateness in varying circumstances.
Antiracism within transcultural nurse education
Authors: Alleyne Jo , Papadopoulos Irena , Tilki Mary
Published: November 2016

This article examines the problems of the multicultural approach in our multiracial society. It describes a need for nurses to be aware of the contribution of racism to inequalities in health care and to have insight into cultural and ethnic issues.
Wound management: the hospital-community divide
Authors: Young Trudie
Published: November 2016

Within the field of wound care the Drug Tariff is a subject of contention. This article discusses the issues surrounding expansion and limitation of the Drug Tariff and suggests ways of solving the current problems.
Granuflex
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: November 2016

This article looks at the hydrocolloid wound dressing Granuflex and discusses its many advantages over traditional dressings, including the provision of a moist environment, a constant wound temperature, and infrequent dressing changes. It can also be used to rehydrate and lift off sloughy tissue and it has an important role in infection control.
Fatigue and the cancer patient
Authors: Barnish Lara
Published: November 2016

Chronic fatigue is a phenomenon frequently experienced by patients with cancer. This article reviews the literature, paying particular attention to the nature, aetiology and effects of chronic fatigue on the patient. While many of the findings are interesting and relevant when planning care for a patient experiencing fatigue, there remains a lack of knowledge as to the aetiology. The research findings are inconsistent and therefore nursing practice cannot be guided by them.
Fluid balance charts: do they measure up?
Authors: Daffurn Katharine , Hillman Kenneth M , Bauman Adrian , Lum Martin , Crispin Charmain , Ince Leslee
Published: November 2016

Many current nursing activities are performed without regular reviews of their usefulness. The recording of fluid gains and losses on a fluid balance chart is one such activity. This article explores the practice of fluid monitoring on the wards of a university teaching hospital.
Stages in the life cycle of community care planning
Authors: Waddington Paul
Published: November 2016

Local and health authorities have been required to plan community care since 1992. Expectations of the purpose and utility of the process still differ widely. This article explores experience to date and explains the changes in practice identified.
Managing health and safety in hospitals
Authors: Farnsworth Bill , Cox Tom , Ferguson Eamonn , Cox Sue
Published: November 2016

This article is set against the background of recent changes in health and safety legislation which directly affect hospital staff. Research into the central concepts of hazard, risk and harm is contributing to a broader understanding of the management of health and safety. Both occupational medicine and safety practice must recognise the role of psychosocial and organisational processes in managing workplace hazards.
Sexual healing: caring for patients recovering from myocardial infarction
Authors: Briggs Lynne Marie
Published: November 2016

Sexuality is rarely addressed when patients are recovering from myocardial infarction (MI). This article discusses both nurses' and patients' attitudes to sexuality, and examines ways to increase nurses' awareness so that they can offer sexual advice and apply a truly holistic approach when caring for patients following an MI.
Why Sister Cooksley had to go
Authors: Leishman Jane
Published: November 2016

The recent publicity given to Derriford Hospital in Plymouth and Sister Cooksley has widened the debate about the evolving role of nurses in relation to the prescribing and administration of drugs. This may well lead to future changes to the law, local rules and professional guidelines issued to nurses. However, the rules that stand at present are accepted by every nurse entering the profession together with the policies and procedures incorporated within service contracts with their employer.
Pressure area risk assessment in a neurological setting
Authors: Johnson Jane
Published: November 2016

Hospital-acquired pressure sores are a costly and often avoidable drain on both patient and hospital resources. This article describes the process and rationale behind a multidisciplinary attempt to develop an effective risk assessment tool for use in a specialist neurosciences setting.
Sleep, wakefulness and the nurse
Authors: Brugne Jean-François
Published: November 2016

Sleep habits differ between the city dweller and the countryman, and the child and the elderly person. In addition, factors such as summertime, hospitalization and abuse of tranquillizers all have repercussions on sleep. This article examines the variations in sleep habits in different populations, and the effect of environmental factors on sleep.
Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 2
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

This article, the second in a series on psychiatric emergencies, will focus on the following emergencies and their attendant interventions: mania, acute anxiety and acute depression. The common theme of these otherwise diverse syndromes is that they are all affective disorders, relating to mood and emotional state.
Are the needs of informal carers still neglected in nursing practice?
Authors: Nolan Mike
Published: November 2016

Five years ago, Nolan and Grant (1989) suggested that many nurses overlooked the needs of informal carers. While the intervening period has seen a significant shift in attitude, so that carers are now accorded greater priority, it has to be questioned whether the situation has actually improved.
Assessing children's pain
Authors: Price Sue
Published: November 2016

Children's experience of pain is difficult to assess. A number of tools are available that enable children's pain to be measured. If these are used appropriately, practitioners can set measurable goals for pain relief and evaluate their interventions.
Role of the nurse in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Keady John
Published: November 2016

‘I will now begin the journey that will lead me I into the sunset of my life’. In a moving, hand-JLwritten press release issued on Saturday, 5 November, 1994, Ronald Reagan, the 83-year-old former President of the USA, disclosed to the world that he is in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. His reasons for making a personal trauma public knowledge were quite explicit: to gain publicity for a disease that currently affects over 4 million Americans. In the UK, the Alzheimer's Disease Society (ADS) states that out of an estimated total population with dementia of 635 735, some 500 000 suffer from Alzheimer's disease (ADS, 1994). It seems incredible that the high prevalence of this disease and, more importantly, human experiences are not enough in themselves to provide the high level of public profile required.
Alzheimer's disease 2: caring for a woman with Alzheimer-type dementia
Authors: Creed Jacqueline
Published: November 2016

Care study

Jenny, an 86-year-old widow, was admitted to an acute rehabilitation ward for the elderly following a fall in her warden- assisted home. Her caretaker had found her lying on the floor. She had fractured her left humerus. Jenny had been diagnosed as suffering from Alzheimer-type dementia, which had affected her memory. Remote memory was relatively intact but memory for recent events was grossly impaired. Jenny retained some insight into her memory loss and used strategies to compensate. She carried a diary with her to document important information and events during the day.
Quality, philosophy and Riehl's model of nursing
Authors: Conway Jane , Williams Marilyn , Taylor Nigel
Published: November 2016

This article explores the use of Riehl's model of nursing as a possible quality assurance vehicle.
Isolated limb perfusion
Authors: Gillespie Rosalyn , Chantier Nariane
Published: November 2016

Growing concern over the rising incidence of malignant melanoma has brought about a need for information on this disorder and the treatment available. Isolated limb perfusion is a relatively new technique used in only a few hospitals. An increased knowledge base will lead to a better understanding of the nursing care required and to a more in-depth care plan.
Reflection, the art and science of nursing and the theory-practice gap
Authors: Conway Jane
Published: November 2016

In their daily practice, nurses appear to encounter difficulties in incorporating science into the art of nursing and in bridging the gap between theory (which is often developed separate from practice) and practice itself. Indeed, there is a debate within nursing itself as to whether nursing is an art, a science, or both an art and a science.
Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 3
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

The previous article in this series highlighted the nursing management of depression, mania and anxiety. This article considers the nurse-aid interventions for another disturbed affective state, aggression.
Audit of head injury management in the Northern Region
Authors: Treadwell Lynne , Mendelow David
Published: November 2016

Head injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK and is more prevalent among children and young adults. However, certain factors that contribute to deaths and brain damage can be audited. This article describes an audit of head injury management conducted by the Northern Regional Head Injury Group.
Interpretations of illness and non-compliance with nursing care
Authors: Ryan Tony
Published: November 2016

This article examines some of the factors that lie behind patient non-compliance with care regimens, paying particular attention to patients' constructions of their illness. The nature of control in encounters between patients and professionals is explored using examples drawn from studies of doctor/patient interactions as a basis for understanding the issues.
Analysis of health rationing policies in the NHS
Authors: Wells John SG
Published: November 2016

Explicit rationing policies are beginning to appear in the NHS in response to the increasing demand for health care and rising treatment costs. Such policies challenge the traditional values upon which nursing in the UK is founded. This article examines the case for rationing and its implications for nursing.
Role of nurses in promoting complementary therapies
Authors: Pfeil Michael
Published: November 2016

This article discusses the potential role of nurses in helping to create a more patient-centred approach to health care and promote the acceptance of complementary health care methods.
Is the role of the sister/charge nurse being devalued?
Authors: Northcott Nigel
Published: November 2016

This article explores the areas of change in the role of the sister and charge nurse. Far from devaluing this role, such changes may enhance it. There is an increased potential for this post in the devolved managerial structures of the NHS trusts.
Do nurses provide adequate postoperative pain relief?
Authors: Mackintosh Carolyn
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to establish the educational requirements of nursing staff on surgical wards that are necessary to develop more accurate assessment and management skills to improve the care of patients experiencing postoperative pain.
Nursing management of self-mutilation
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

This article attempts to define and describe self-mutilation and offers an introductory view of its nursing management. Most importantly it enjoins nurses to self-consciously appraise their practice in this area and develop an unconditional acceptance of the validity of such unconventional behaviour.
Book review supplement
Authors: Nolan Mike , McNair Hilary , McKenna Gilean , Riley Liz , Parrish Alan A , Hope Pam
Published: November 2016

Care Planning for the Older Adult. Nursing Diagnosis in Long-Term Care

Royal Marsden Hospital, Manual of Standards of Care

Expanding the Role of the Nurse — the Scope of Professional Practice

The Research Experience in Nursing

Severe Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviours: Designing High Quality Services

Pain Management and Nursing Care
Approach to canine urinary incontinence
Authors: Stilwell Cecilia , Tappin Simon
Published: November 2016

Canine urinary incontinence is a common presentation in small animal practice. The care required by the owners at home should not be underestimated, as a number of these dogs present with a request for euthanasia. Many of the causes of incontinence are treatable; it is therefore the role of the veterinary surgeon to perform a thorough investigation in order to obtain a diagnosis and instigate appropriate therapy. This article outlines the initial approach to an incontinent dog and discusses the specific diagnostics and treatment options available.
Journeys and destinations: using longitudinal analysis to explore how third sector organisational governance helps to navigate sustainable futures
Authors: Chapman Tony
Published: November 2016

Since the economic downturn, the third sector in the UK has been put under pressure financially. Many snapshot studies of the sector as a whole and its component parts have concluded that the problems that third sector organisations have are due largely to financial pressures. This article challenges such assumptions by focusing on organisational governance. Drawing on longitudinal evidence from the Northern Rock Foundation’s Third Sector Trends Study in North East England and Cumbria, which ran from 2008 to 2015, it is shown that focusing too much on organisational income, as a proxy for success, skews understanding of how ‘well-governed’ third sector organisations operate. The article presents a new methodology and analytical approach to make informed judgements, drawing on longitudinal qualitative and quantitative data – about organisational foresight, enterprise, capability and impact – in order to get a better understanding of the relationship between governance, organisational sustainability and success.
The effect of neonatal asphyxia on renal function
Authors: Lubis Elly Nova , Yanda Srie , Akbar Khainir , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Aldy Dachrul
Published: November 2016

Neonatal asphyxia can cause renal perfusion and dilution disorders and also glomerular filtration abnormality. The purpose of this study was to find renal dysfunction, which caused by neonatal asphyxia. The study was performed by cross sectional for newborn babies with asphyxia based on Apgar score in the first minute. Newborn babies without asphyxia were as control. In both group, the first micturition times were recorded, total urine output in 24 hours were counted, the mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level value examined and also glomerular filtration rate. Statistical analysis has been performed by using Fisher Exact test, Student t test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. All of babies in the asphyxiated and non asphyxiated group had the first micturition in 24 hours after delivery. Significant difference of oliguria incidence was found in the asphyxiated group compared to the control group (p<0,05). The mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level was significantly higher in asphyxiated (p<0,05). The mean of glomerular filtration rate in the asphyxiated group was not significantly different to the control group (p>0,05). According to the degree of asphyxia we found significantly different of renal dysfunction (p<0,05). It was concluded that the asphyxia could cause the occurrence of renal dysfunction.
Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sianturi Pertin , Sarifuddin Amir , Saing Bistok
Published: November 2016

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can affect further brain damage especially if they are with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies between 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that this disorder has common or related origins. We carried out the retrospective study to determine incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered within July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy differed according to type of CP. Data were compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG results. Data were analyzed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0,05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47,8% male, 52,2% female and mean age 50,3 (SD 36,9) months. There were 25 (37,3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasms. The incidence of epilepsy was significant different among patients with CP associated with type of CP and gestasional age, p < 0,05. We concluded that incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP in YPAC Medan was 37,3% and significantly different among patients with CP according to type CP and gestasional age.
Clinical and laboratory features of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus and its course in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Munasir Zakiudin , Mariana Tuty , Suradi Rulina
Published: November 2016

A descriptive, retrospective study has been performed among 33 children with SLE during the period of January 1986 to December 1999 in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The results of the present study show that SLE in childhood was more commonly found in girls than in boys, with a ratio of 4.5: 1. The mean age of onset was 10.5 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 10.9 years, most frequently observed in the age of > 10 years and rarely found in the age of < 5 years. The time interval between the time of onset and time of diagnosis ranged from 1 to 24 months and the most frequent interval was 1-3 months. The most common initial symptoms were prolonged fever, rash on the skin and face, and athralgia. In its natural history of the disease, kidneys, skin/mucous membrane and joints are the most frequent organs involved. Most of the SLE patients develop anemia. Positive anti ds-DNA, ANA and decreased levels of C3 and C4 respectively in 28 (28/31), in 29 (29/30), in 25 (25/33), and in 19 (19/27) cases. LE cells were encountered only in four (4/17) cases.  Out of 11 cases upon which renal biopsies were done, the most common histological features were mesangeal glomerulonephritis (class II) and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV). The mean time interval between the onset and renal complication manifestations was 6.96 months, cardiac complication was 16.77 months, central nerve system was 22.71 months and lungs were 25.0 months. Duration of illness of patients with SLE ranged from 2 to 175 with the mean of 31.3 months. The causes of death were mostly due to gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure.
Screening urinalysis for proteinuria in school children
Authors: Trihono Partini P. , Timan Ina S. , Bektiwibowo Supriyadi , Aulia Diana , Edwar Lukman
Published: November 2016

Although asymptomatic proteinuria in children is uncommon, long-term follow-up of children who have persistent proteinuria reveals that they face risks to have significant glomerular changes followed by decreasing kidney function. Since 1970’s urine screening program for asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria in schoolchildren has been conducted regularly in some countries. So far such program has never been implemented in Jakarta. As a part of The Community Health Program of the Medical School, University of Indonesia, this epidemiologic study aimed especially to look at the urine abnormalities among schoolchildren. The target population was children in grades III, IV and V of 4 elementary schools in Eastern Jakarta. Four hundred and forty nine children (217 boys and 232 girls) were enrolled in this study, held during school time in August 1999. Their mean age was 9.35 (SD 1.2) years. Data collected were history of illness, physical examination, and complete urinalysis using a dipstick method. Proteinuria was found in 30 (6.8%) children, which in repeated urinalyses were determined as orthostatic in 2 (0.4%), transient in 20 (4.5%), and persistent proteinuria in 6 (1.4%) children. Three out of 6 children with persistent proteinuria also had hematuria. One child with persistent proteinuria was considered as having urinary tract infection. We conclude that the incidence of asymptomatic proteinuria in schoolchildren is not high, but because of significant risks that they face, a long-term follow up of them is indicated.
Congenital heart disease in adults and its problems
Authors: Ontoseno Teddy
Published: November 2016

There were 40 adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients seen in the Cardiology Division during 1 year (February 1993 - February 1994). The most frequently seen defect was atrial septal defect; however there were also cases with patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot. Hemodynamic disorder, serious hindrance to education achievement, and occupational threat due to limited physical capabilities as well as malnutrition are some of prominent issues to be closely anticipated. In general the older the patients the more serious hemodynamic disorder they suffer due CHD. It is worth thinking how to improve the quality of life of CHD patients who succeed to live their adult lives and minimize any possible fatal complication risks.
Serum bilirubin concentration in breast-fed newborn babies at Larantuka General Hospital, East Flores
Authors: P. Tri Yasa , S. Abdul Hamid
Published: November 2016

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem not only to pediatricians but also to the parents. Breastfeeding is known as one of the factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of the study was to determine serum bilirubin concentration and factors related to hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed newborn babies. A cross sectional study was done on 45 well babies born at Larantuka General Hospital, East Flores, from August to October 1998. Data including personal data, frequency of breast-feeding, frequency of urination, meconium passage, and weight loss, were collected through questionnaires, presented in tables, and analyzed using chi-square test. The prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed babies was 13%. It was correlated significantly with the frequency of breast-feeding (p<0.01), meconium passage (p<0.02), sufficiency of breast milk (p<0.05), and weight loss (p<0.05). The significant risk factors for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the frequency of breast-feeding, meconium passage, sufficiency of breast milk, and weight loss. Immediate and frequent breast-feeding is recommended for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Acute kidney injury and mortality in critically ill children
Authors: Amelia Putri , Lubis Munar , Mutiara Ema , Trisnawati Yunnie
Published: November 2016

Background Mortality from acute kidney injury (AKI) can be ashigh as 60% in critically ill children. This high mortality rate isinfluenced by the severity of primary diseases, organ dysfunction,and the stage of acute kidney injury.Objective To assess for an as sedation between AKI and mortalityin critically ill children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive careunit (PICU).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from Aprilto July 2012. All patients aged 1 month to 18 years who werehospitalized in the PICU for more than 24 hours were included.Urine output and serum creatinine levels were evaluated daily.Patients were categorized according to the pediatric risk, injury,failure, loss, and end stage renal disease (pRIFLE) criteria. Chisquare, Fisher's exact, Mann-\X'hitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis testswere used to assess for an association between AKI, mortality,pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score, and lengthof PICU stay. AP value of < 0.05 was considered as statisticallysignificant.Results During the study period, 57 children were admitted,consisting of 25 (43.9%) females and 32 (56.1 %) males, witha median age of 43 months. The prevalance of AKI was 31.5%(18/57) and classified into stages: risk 13/18, injury 3/18, andfailure 2/18. The mortality rate for AKI was 16. 7%. There was noassociation between AKI and mortality (P=0.592). The PELODscores were found to be similar among patients (SD 11.3 2 vs. SD12.23; P=0.830), and there was no association between AKI andlength of PICU stay (P=0.819).Conclusion There is no association between AKI and mortalityin critically ill children admitted in PICU.
Folic acid and acute diarrhea in children
Authors: Amelia Ade , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Supriatmo Supriatmo
Published: November 2016

Background Diarrhea has been a health problem in childrenunder five year old. Although the mortality caused by acutediarrhea has fallen worldwide, the mortality has increased indeveloping countries, such as Indonesia.Objective To assess the effect of folic acid in reducing the severityof acute diarrhea in children.Methods This study was a single-blind, randomized control trialin children with diarrhea aged six months to five years at a localgoverrnent clinic in the Secanggang District, Langkat Regency,North Sumatera Province from August 2009 until January20 10. Subjects were recruited by con secutive sampling thenrandomized into two groups. Of the 112 children who participated,56 children received oral fo lic acid and 56 children receivedplacebo, 1 capsule per day for five days. The statistical analysesused were the independent T-test and Chi square test with 95%confidence intervals (95% CI) and P values < 0.05 consideredto be statistically significant.Results There were significant differences between the fo lic acidand placebo groups with regards to stool consistency (P=0.02),diarrheal volume on the second day [ 14 7 .52 vs. 303 .21 mL,respectively, (P=0.001)], frequency of diarrhea on the third day[1.9 vs 2.8 episodes, respectively, (P= 0.001)], duration of initialtreatment to recovery [91.3 vs. 117 .9 hours, respectively, (P =0.001) and the total duration between initial symptoms andrecovery (123.6 vs . 147.4 hours, respectively, (P = 0.001)].Conclusion Oral folic acid is clinically beneficial for reducing theseverity of acute diarrh ea in children under five year old.
Relation between vitamins of the b complex, GABA and glutamate, and their role in neurocognitive disorders -Brief review
Authors: Justo Rayssa , Cesar Marcelo , Migowski Edimilson , Cisne Rafael
Published: November 2016

Vitamins, especially the water-soluble complex of vitamins B, are highlighted in the daily clinical practice. Numerous studies emphasize the need for supplementation, mainly in groups with deficiency of these vitamins, such as the elderly, pregnant women, children and patients with diseases associates with cognitive disorder. Thiamine (B1), a vitamin of the diet, is an important cofactor for the three key enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate cycle. Pyridoxine (B6) and cobalamin (B12) act in the CNS as a cofactor in the metabolism reactions of homocysteine. Deficiency of some neurotransmitter precursors can also cause symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, especially amino acid and vitamin B deficiency. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters regulate diverse behavioral processes, including sleep, learning, memory and sensation of pain. They are also implicated in many pathological processes, such as epilepsy and neurotoxicity. Studies suggest that the excitatory amino acids may play a role in learning and memory. The binding of glutamate to its receptor triggers molecular and cellular events associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological pathways, including the development of an increased sensation of pain (hyperalgesia), brain neurotoxicity or synaptic alterations involved in certain types of memory formation. Between the two major classes of neuroactive amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory amino acid. It is known that GABA plays a fundamental role in encoding information and behavioral control, in the regulation of motor function and in motor learning. The inter-relationships between diet, the brain and behavior are complex. However, micronutrients are known to have a direct influence on cognitive function through their involvement in the energy metabolism of neurons and glia cells, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptor binding and the maintenance of membrane ion pumps.
The use of drugs for the treatment of xerostomia – brief review
Authors: Cesar Marcelo , Justo Rayssa , Vidal João , Bonel Maurício , Migowski Edimilson , Cisne Rafael
Published: November 2016

Inadequate production of saliva causes an oral imbalance that has a great impact on the individual's quality of life. Diseases of various types are responsible for impaired production of saliva and dry mouth, as happens in xerostomia. It is usually associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands, which shows signs of dryness on oral mucosa, and other morphological features in the oral cavity. Saliva is composed of water and 1% of electrolytes and immunoglobulins, enzymes and other proteins. Its fluid component, which contains ions, is mainly produced by parasympathetic stimulation, while the protein component, produced in the acinar secretory vesicles, is released by sympathetic stimulation. The use of certain drugs is a major cause of xerostomia. Among these we found analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antihypertensives, diuretics and antidepressants. The treatment is mainly done by saliva substitutes such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate. However, in some cases, stimulants, such as citric acid and sodium citrate, or even topical salivary substitutes can be effective. Furthermore, the use of specific oral care products is well accepted by the patients. The treatment is selected according to the ability of the glands to produce saliva. It is still not fully known what mechanism of action drugs that cause hyposalivation, dry mouth or changes in saliva composition use. Yet, it is important to know the side effects of prescribed drugs.
Changes in Fish Catch Rates in the Presence of Air Gun Sounds in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Authors: Streever Bill , Raborn Scott W. , Kim Katherine H. , Hawkins Anthony D. , Popper Arthur N.
Published: November 2016

Air guns used in oil industry seismic surveys have the capacity to change fish catch rates, but no previous work has demonstrated this effect in shallow water or in Arctic oilfields. Long-term monitoring of fish catches using four fyke nets allowed assessment of changes in catch rates during a 2014 seismic survey in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Fyke net locations were instrumented with both conventional hydrophones and vector sensors. Catch rates were generally within the range of those found in 27 previous sampling seasons. The effect of air guns on eight species was assessed using a modified Before-After/Control-Impact analysis, with historical data and 2014 data as the Before-After components of the analysis and days without and with air gun activity as the Control-Impact components. Results showed significant changes associated with air guns in catch rates at one or more nets at p < 0.1 for all eight species and at p < 0.05 for seven of the eight. Changes included both increased and decreased catch rates, perhaps reflecting displacement of fish in response to air gun sounds throughout the study area. Measured sound pressure levels associated with air gun pulses were low and usually undetectable close to the fyke nets, reflecting the loss of low frequencies in shallow water (~1.5 m). Attempts to measure particle velocities failed when wind-driven surface waves overwhelmed vector sensors. However, fish responses may have been related to changes in particle motion associated with air gun sounds.
Inuit Methods of Identifying Polar Bear Characteristics: Potential for Inuit Inclusion in Polar Bear Surveys + Supplementary Appendix Tables S1 to S5 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Wong Pamela B.Y. , Murphy Robert W.
Published: November 2016

As a result of their close proximity to and frequent interactions with polar bears, Inuit hunters are aware of changes in polar bear population ecology and characteristics. This valuable information could contribute to any polar bear research or monitoring program. Understanding how Inuit gather ecological information on polar bears and how this knowledge is shaped by individual experiences can also overcome any barriers to Inuit inclusion in bear monitoring and management. On the basis of interviews in four Nunavut communities, we report Inuit hunting experiences and methods of identifying polar bear sex, age, body size, and health status. Across communities, Inuit share techniques in identifying and distinguishing bear characteristics that overlap with scientific methods, suggesting that Inuit could provide immediate and inexpensive information to polar bear research programs. Hunting preferences are shaped by individual experiences with polar bears (e.g., through hunting or bear encounters), as well as familiarity with polar bear research and management. Identifying and incorporating community perspectives in management will be necessary to sustain local support for programs that affect Inuit knowledge formation and persistence.
Kamerabasierte Optimierung der Prozessführung von Drehrohröfen
Authors: Waibel Patrick
Published: November 2016

Drehrohröfen werden verfahrenstechnisch genutzt, um Materialien in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess bei hohen Temperaturen
zu verarbeiten. Aufgrund erheblicher Energieumsätze stellt eine Prozessoptimierung hinsichtlich der Verbesserung der
Energieeffizienz und der Reduktion von Emissionen ein wichtiges Ziel beim Betrieb solcher Anlagen dar. Der Einsatz
spezieller Brennraumkamerasysteme und geeigneter Bildverarbeitungsverfahren ermöglicht die Ermittlung zusätzlicher
Prozessinformationen direkt aus dem Inneren eines Drehrohrofens. Diese neuen Prozessinformationen können zur Analyse als
auch direkt zur regelungstechnischen Optimierung der Prozesse eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die
Möglichkeiten einer kamerabasierten Optimierung von Drehrohrofenprozessen aufgezeigt und anhand eines neuen Verfahrens zur
Charakterisierung des Feststoffbetts veranschaulicht.
Die Entwicklung des deutschen zu-Infinitivs:
Authors: Smirnova Elena
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates the initial steps in the diachronic development of the German zu-infinitive as a complement. So far, several alternative scenarios have been proposed to account for this development. They will be first examined in more detail and then tested on corpus data from the Middle High German and the Early New High German periods. The data comprises a set of complement taking predicates pertaining to the semantic field of manipulation and persuasion, e. g. bitten ›ask‹ and befehlen ›command‹. The corpus study will show that none of the existing scenarios individually can account for the development of the zu-infinitive as a complement of the matrix verbs under investigation. Hence, a new scenario will be proposed. Namely, the development of the zu-infinitive will be seen as a complex diachronic process consisting of several interwoven paths; each of the individual paths stems from a different diachronic source and unfolds in a particular linguistic context.
C1-Substituted N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-syn-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as conformationally constrained β-amino acid precursors
Authors: Krow Grant R. , Gandla Deepa , Cannon Kevin C. , Ross Chuck W. , Carroll Patrick J.
Published: November 2016

Regioselective introduction and transformation of substituents at the C1 carbon of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-syn-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (7) is described. These azabicycles are precursors to conformationally constrained β-amino acids with potential to form oligomers with definite secondary structures. Selected examples of these precursors are converted into their corresponding amino acid derivatives.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Self-Assembled Monolayers Anchored at the Vicinity of Titanium Dioxide Domains
Authors: Zemel E. , Haick H. , Paz Y.
Published: November 2016

In order to study the photodegradation of molecules located at the vicinity of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst, a well-defined structure comprised of alternating micro-stripes of TiO
The Effects of the Pre-treatments on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Trichloroethylene in the Gas-Phase
Authors: Murabayashi Masayuki , Itoh Kiminori , Hua Zhao Lian , Kitahara Kota
Published: November 2016

The effects of pre-treatment of TiO
Comparison Between the Classical and the Electrochemical Fenton Systems for Atrazine Degradation in Acidic Medium
Authors: Ventura A. , Jacquet G. , Camel V. , Bermond A.
Published: November 2016

The degradation of chemicals in water is commonly performed using chemical oxidation. In case of refractory compounds, hydroxyl radicals have to be involved for their degradation. Several systems may be used to generate OH°, such as the ferrous iron-hydrogen peroxide system (Fenton’s reagent). However, when this reagent is prepared by mixing the two constituents, the oxidation of an organic compound is difficult to control and the ferrous iron regeneration is limited. So, very recently, electrochemical systems have merged that allow the electrochemical production of ferrous iron and/or hydrogen peroxide, thereby allowing the generation of OH°. In this paper, the efficiency of a simple electro-Fenton system in degrading chemicals in acidic medium is shown. Atrazine was chosen as a model organic compound. In addition, the electrochemical system compared favorably with the classical Fenton’s reagent under similar conditions, as it allowed a more thorough oxidation of atrazine.
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by a Superimposed Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor and Activated Carbon Filter Hybrid System
Authors: Urashima K. , Misaka T. , Ito T. , Chang J.-S.
Published: November 2016

Superimposed barrier discharge and activated carbon filter hybrid systems were used to remove toluene and TCE from air streams. The superimposed barrier-discharge consisted of silent and surface discharges. Experiments were conducted for the gas flow rates from 1 to 10 L/min, applied power from 0 to 7 W and toluene and TCE initial concentrations from 0 to 2,000 ppm for 60 Hz ac applied voltage conditions. Discharge by-products were measured by FTIR, GC, and TLV-VOC detectors. The results show that 1) the toluene-decomposition efficiency monotonically increases with increasing applied power; 2) approximately 90% of the toluene is removed by the plasma reactors and up to 98% is removed by the hybrid system; 3) TCE removal is enhanced by the hybrid system and up to 50% is removed by a discharge reactor alone; 4) the pressure drop of the reactor and carbon filter increase with increasing gas flow rate; 5) TCE is decomposed to form CO
The Photodecomposition of Acetaldehyde in Gas Phase Using Immobilized TiO2 on Porous α-Al2O3 Tube
Authors: Cho Seoung Min , Joo Hyunku , Kim Hyun Jong , Shul Yong Gun
Published: November 2016

Abstracts

A study on the photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde using immobilized TiO