bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY AND PRESSURE-DRIVEN OBLIQUE FLOW OF MULTIPHASE FLUID THROUGH THE STEEP DIVERGENT MICROCHANNEL
Authors: DURAIHEM FAISAL Z. , HUSSAIN F. , NAZEER MUBBASHAR , SALEEM S. , WAQAS NAZIR M.
Published: August 2023

In this computational study, we investigate the gravity and pressure-driven electroosmotic multiphase flow of third-grade fluid through steep microchannel by using the semi-analytical technique. A two-dimensional mathematical model is proposed here for the supercritical bi-phase flow with the suspension of the nanometallic particles. A special type of non-Newtonian fluid (third-grade) is selected as a base fluid. The governing equations for the current flow problem are obtained through Poisson–Boltzmann equations, continuity equations, and Cauchy’s momentum equations. The Poisson–Boltzmann equation is simplified by using the Debye–Hückel approximation. The symbolic software MATHEMATICATM is used to obtain the closed-form expression of electric potential, fluid and particle velocities, pressure gradient, and volumetric flow rate, respectively. The computational results are discussed qualitatively under the impact of the physical parameters embedded in the study. The graphical plots of fluid and particle-phase velocities are generated against the different parameters used in this study by adopting the same software as discussed earlier. The electrokinetic forces are responsible for electroosmotic flow which is modeled through the Laplace and Poisson–Boltzmann equations. The externally applied potential and electrical double-layer potential is governed by the Laplace and Poisson–Boltzmann equations, respectively.
INVESTIGATION OF VASCULAR FLOW IN A THORACIC AORTA IN TERMS OF FLOW MODELS AND BLOOD RHEOLOGY VIA COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
Authors: CANBOLAT GOKHAN , ETLI MUSTAFA , KARAHAN OGUZ , KORU MURAT , KORKMAZ ERGUN
Published: August 2023

The studies on vascular flows have increased in the last decade. In this work; we have focused on the effects of flow model and blood rheology on hemodynamics for a real-subject scan using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) during numerical solutions. Various vascular flow studies using Newtonian or non-Newtonian blood models were presented in the literature with laminar or turbulent flow assumptions. In this study; six different turbulent models (Realizable k-[Formula: see text], Standard k-[Formula: see text], SST k-[Formula: see text], Standard k-[Formula: see text], Transition k-kl-[Formula: see text], Transition SST) were compared to laminar flow to show whether turbulent flow solution is necessary. Blood rheology was investigated by using five different non-Newtonian models (Carreau, Herschel–Bulkley, Carreau–Yasuda, Casson, Power-Law) in addition to Newtonian model to indicate whether non-Newtonian blood assumptions is necessary. The In vivo boundary conditions were utilized by the UDF code which defines the real-patient cardiac cycle obtained by Echocardiography (ECHO) to present hemodynamics in the study. The results show that laminar flow well matched with the four turbulent models and two models shows by 4.8% and 19.5% differences in Wall Shear Stress (WSS) according to laminar flow. When the blood rheology was investigated, results revealed significant differences in WSS by 25.7%, 8.7%, 22.4%, 12.3%, and 32.5% for the non-Newtonian models in the given order, respectively, compared to Newtonian assumption. It concluded that laminar flow solution could be effective instead of solving turbulent flows in terms of computational cost, however, non-Newtonian blood effects could be considered to determine critical hemodynamics levels in a normal aortic arc.
Electrical Characterization of Multi-Gate MOSFET with Reduced Short-Channel Effects for High-Power Applications
Authors: Yarlagadda Nagalakshmi , Verma Yogesh Kumar , Amarnath G. , Santosh R. , Adhikari Manoj Singh
Published: August 2023

The double-gate MOSFET is proposed for high-voltage and high-power applications with decreased short-channel effects (SCEs) and drain current with gate overlap. This model explicitly incorporates the SCEs for thin-layered MOSFETs with large drain regions. The device’s short-channel effects are decreased through the drain-resistance effect present in the device. The gate contact overlapped region significantly affects the device operation for high-voltage FETs. These effects are modeled by self-consistent solutions of available multigate MOSFET device models with potential distribution. The demonstrated model can be further applied for size limitations in the modeling of multigate MOSFETs.
Methods for cell-type annotation on scRNA-seq data: A recent overview
Authors: Lazaros Konstantinos , Vlamos Panagiotis , Vrahatis Aristidis G.
Published: August 2023

The evolution of single-cell technology is ongoing, continually generating massive amounts of data that reveal many mysteries surrounding intricate diseases. However, their drawbacks continue to constrain us. Among these, annotating cell types in single-cell gene expressions pose a substantial challenge, despite the myriad of tools at our disposal. The rapid growth in data, resources, and tools has consequently brought about significant alterations in this area over the years. In our study, we spotlight all note-worthy cell type annotation techniques developed over the past four years. We provide an overview of the latest trends in this field, showcasing the most advanced methods in taxonomy. Our research underscores the demand for additional tools that incorporate a biological context and also predicts that the rising trend of graph neural network approaches will likely lead this research field in the coming years.
A model-based clustering algorithm with covariates adjustment and its application to lung cancer stratification
Authors: Relvas Carlos E. M. , Nakata Asuka , Chen Guoan , Beer David G. , Gotoh Noriko , Fujita Andre
Published: August 2023

Usually, the clustering process is the first step in several data analyses. Clustering allows identify patterns we did not note before and helps raise new hypotheses. However, one challenge when analyzing empirical data is the presence of covariates, which may mask the obtained clustering structure. For example, suppose we are interested in clustering a set of individuals into controls and cancer patients. A clustering algorithm could group subjects into young and elderly in this case. It may happen because the age at diagnosis is associated with cancer. Thus, we developed CEM-Co, a model-based clustering algorithm that removes/minimizes undesirable covariates’ effects during the clustering process. We applied CEM-Co on a gene expression dataset composed of 129 stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients. As a result, we identified a subgroup with a poorer prognosis, while standard clustering algorithms failed.
Multi-omics data analysis reveals the biological implications of alternative splicing events in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Fuyan , Chen Bifeng , Wang Qing , Yang Zhiyuan , Chu Man
Published: August 2023

Cancer is characterized by the dysregulation of alternative splicing (AS). However, the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of AS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are poorly understood. Here, we displayed the AS landscape in LUAD based on the integrated analyses of LUAD’s multi-omics data. We identified 13,995 AS events in 6309 genes as differentially expressed alternative splicing events (DEASEs) mainly covering protein-coding genes. These DEASEs were strongly linked to “cancer hallmarks”, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune response, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, p53 signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. We further built a regulatory network connecting splicing factors (SFs) and DEASEs. In addition, RNA-binding protein (RBP) mutations that can affect DEASEs were investigated to find some potential cancer drivers. Further association analysis demonstrated that DNA methylation levels were highly correlated with DEASEs. In summary, our results can bring new insight into understanding the mechanism of AS and provide novel biomarkers for personalized medicine of LUAD.
Bi-directional quantum teleportation of GHZ-like states
Authors: Tabatabaei Leilasadat , Vakili Babak
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a method through which [Formula: see text]-qubit states can simultaneously be bi-directionally transmitted between two users. We assume that Alice and Bob, the legitimate users, each have a [Formula: see text]-qubit GHZ-like state and want to teleport it to the other party. Also, a four-qubit cluster state plays the role of the quantum channel of this bi-directional quantum teleportation. The protocol is based on the method that at first, each user, through a series of [Formula: see text] gates, converts the [Formula: see text]-qubit state into a single qubit and some [Formula: see text] qubits. Then, by means of the Bell state measurement and proper operation, the single qubit state is transferred over the channel between the two sides. By re-applying the [Formula: see text] gates on the transmitted qubits and auxiliary [Formula: see text] states, each user reconstructs the initial GHZ-like state. Finally, we investigate the effects of some kind of noises on the density matrix of the channel due to its interaction with the environment and present a method to protect the channel against the bit-flip error.
Robust Nonconvex Sparse Optimization for Impact Force Identification
Authors: Liu Junjiang , Qiao Baijie , Wang Yanan , He Weifeng , Chen Xuefeng
Published: August 2023

The inherent sparse structure of impact forces has garnered considerable attention in the field of impact force identification. However, conventional convex sparse regularization methods, including the widely used [Formula: see text] regularization, often encounter challenges such as underestimation of impact amplitudes and biased estimations. To address these limitations, we propose a robust nonconvex sparse regularization method for impact force identification. The key advantage of our method is the simultaneous retention of robustness and unbiasedness. The robustness of our method is primarily achieved through an efficient solver developed within the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework. By combining convex and nonconvex strategies, the ADMM solver separates the intractable nonconvex problem into more manageable convex sub-problems. Additionally, the ADMM solver incorporates the firm-thresholding operator, which ensures an unbiased amplitude distribution and preserves the impact amplitudes. With a sparse and under-determined sensor configuration, our proposed method enables simultaneous impact localization and time-history reconstruction. We comprehensively demonstrate the algorithmic performance through a series of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments on typical composite structures. The comparative results clearly indicate that our proposed approach achieves significant improvements in identification accuracy compared to classical sparse regularization methods, such as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] regularization.
Generalizations of S-semiprime submodules
Authors: Ghiasvand P. , Farzalipour F.
Published: August 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with non-zero identity, [Formula: see text] a multiplicatively closed subset of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a unital [Formula: see text]-module. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of [Formula: see text]-almost semiprime submodules and [Formula: see text]-weakly semiprime submodules as a generalization of [Formula: see text]-semiprime submodules. We investigate some basic properties of [Formula: see text]-almost semiprime and [Formula: see text]-weakly semiprime submodules and give some characterizations of them, especially, for (finitely generated faithful) multiplication modules.
On some operator preserving inequalities between polynomials
Authors: Malik Shabir Ahmad , Zargar Bashir Ahmad
Published: August 2023

In this paper, some generalizations of lower bound estimates for the maximum modulus of the [Formula: see text]th polar derivative [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] of polynomials are established under the assumption that one of the underlying polynomials [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] does not vanish in [Formula: see text]. The obtained estimates include several known lower bounds for polar derivatives as special cases.
On the successful growth of bulk gallium oxide crystals by the EFG (Stepanov) method
Authors: Bauman Dmitrii Andreevich , Panov Dmitrii Iurevich , Spiridonov Vladislav Alekseevich , Kremleva Arina Valerievna , Romanov Alexey Evgenievich
Published: August 2023

Bulk crystals of [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 were successfully grown by the EFG (Stepanov) method. Analysis of the material using an X-ray diffraction showed the high crystalline quality of the obtained crystals. However, when determining the elemental composition by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) method, a deviation of the crystal composition from a stoichiometric one was found and a lack of oxygen was detected. Indirectly, this indicates the non-optimal composition of the atmosphere in the growth zone. The origin of this deviation of the composition can be oxygen vacancies in the bulk of the crystal. However, the absorption spectrum does not contain peaks characteristic for oxygen vacancies in gallium oxide. An analysis of the optical transmission spectra made it possible to estimate the optical bandgap of the grown gallium oxide samples, which was 4.7 eV.
An Item–Item Collaborative Filtering Recommender System Based on Item Reviews: An Approach with Deep Learning
Authors: Roy Falguni , Hasan Mahamudul
Published: August 2023

Item−item collaborative filtering is a sub-type of a recommender system that applies the items’ similarities for recommending a new set of items to the user. Usually, a traditional recommender system utilizes items’ ratings given by the user for deducing their preferences for recommending items. However, for the popularity of social platforms, users are now more familiar to write textual comments known as reviews about items based on their experiences rather than giving a rating, because rating any item limits a user to manifest the degree of satisfaction towards the item. As a result, the items’ reviews become a precious source of information that could enhance the system’s performance. In this paper, a novel recommendation approach has been proposed by applying a recurrent neural network to incorporate items’ reviews with the recommender system. The recurrent neural network is a deep learning-based approach that can distribute the text to the relevant classes. Thus, the proposed approach has applied long short-term memory which is a modern formation of recurrent neural network that is applied to compute items’ rating scores from the items’ reviews. Then, the score is used to define the uniformity of items by using the Jaccard and Pearson correlation coefficient. The proposed approach has been evaluated by two familiar datasets named Yelp & Amazon datasets. Also, it is found that the proposed approach surpasses the traditional techniques and also improved the accuracy of prediction for the Yelp dataset by approximately in respect of 1.37% mean absolute error, 2.17% precision, 2.08% recall, and 2.11% f-measure. Furthermore, the proposed approach increased the recommendation performance for Amazon dataset on average in term of 1.34% mean absolute error, 2.09% precision, 2.53% recall, and 2.32% f-measure, respectively.
Graph Theoretical Network Analysis and Pharmacoinformatics-Based Investigation of Bioactive Compounds from Semecarpus anacardium Linn. for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Muniyandi , Sundarapandian Velmurugan , Siva Bharathi Velayutham , Pavadai Parasuraman , Sundar Krishnan , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a highly prevalent disease that has affected over 50 million people worldwide. It is mainly caused by the continuous deposition of amyloid-[Formula: see text] peptide (A[Formula: see text]. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA), Tau-Tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) and [Formula: see text]-secretase 1 (BACE-1) are potential targets to treat Alzheimer’s disease and to reduce the pathogenesis; amongst, BACE-1 is preferred owing to its capacity in minimizing the accumulation of A[Formula: see text]. This study explored Semecarpus anacardium Linn.-derived phytocompounds and their interaction with BACE-1. The phytochemicals of S. anacardiumLinn. were retrieved from the IMPPAT database. The factual targets (AChE, BACE-1, NMDA and TTBK1) of Alzheimer’s disease are identified by the graph theoretical network analysis, and are docked with a total of eight bioactive compounds from S. anacardium Linn. Interestingly, the docking score was significant (−12 kcal × mol[Formula: see text] for the interactions of amentoflavone with BACE-1. The co-crystallized ligand of BACE-1 (2-imino-3-methyl-5,5-diphenylimidazolidin-4-one) was considered for further studies and revealed a superior binding affinity (−8.7 kcal × mol[Formula: see text]. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyzed the conformational stability of amentoflavone and BACE-1 complex. Furthermore, S. anacardium Linn. seemed to be nontoxic against U87-MG cells in vitro. These results from in silico prediction suggest that the derivatives of S. anacardium Linn. possess a significant interaction with the BACE-1 and provide a favorable direction to prevent aggregation of A[Formula: see text] peptides.
Strategies Toward End-group Engineering of Chrysene Core-based Non-fullerene Acceptors for High Performance Organic Solar Cells: A DFT Study
Authors: Idrees Ayesha , ur-Rehman Ateeq , Waqas Muhammad , Shaban Mohamed , Al-Saeedi Sameerah I. , Alatawi Naifa S. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Hasanin Tamer H. A. , Hadia N.M.A. , Khera Rasheed Ahmad
Published: August 2023

In this study, seven new molecules (OA1–OA7) were introduced with the goal of enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells. All these molecules were evaluated by using density functional theory (DFT). All the designed molecules have shorter band gap and higher values of [Formula: see text] than the reference. For confirming the charge mobility, the optoelectronic characterization has been carried out by densities of states (DOS), transition density matrix (TDM), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and reorganization energy. The [Formula: see text] values in designed molecules were also improved. The stability of designed molecules was also confirmed by the analysis of non-covalent interactions (NCIs). These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over pre-existing (R) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
Synthesis, Characterization and Calculations of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Acrylonitrile Substituted Spirocyclotriphosphazene Derivatives
Authors: Özen Furkan
Published: August 2023

There methoxy-substituted acrylonitrile compounds (2a, 2b and 2c) were synthesized using method described in the literature. Compounds 3a, 3b and 3c were obtained by using the microwave demethylation method for the first time, then they were reacted with 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]-cyclotriphosphazene (DPP) to reach final products 4a, 4b and 4c. The structures of the substituted compounds were determined by elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF, 1H, [Formula: see text]C APT, [Formula: see text]P NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. In order to investigate the usability potential of the synthesized products 4a, 4b and 4c in optoelectronic devices, we experimentally measured the band gaps and calculated their nonlinear optical properties by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. Obtained results showed that the introduction of an electronegative substituent (F) or an electropositive substituent (CH[Formula: see text] to the parent compound 4a has minimal impact on the absorption spectra. However, the fluorine-substituted compound 4b exhibits considerably higher values in terms of dipole moment, averaged polarizability, and first-hyper polarizability when compared to compounds 4a and 4c. Calculated values of dipole moment, averaged polarizability, first-hyper polarizability, electronegativity and global hardness of the fluorine-substituted compound 4b were found to be 6.281 (debye), −393.592 (1.4818 × 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text], 899.857 (8.641 × 10[Formula: see text] cm5/e.s.u), 4.492 (eV) and 1.922 (eV), respectively. These values were the highest in magnitude in comparison to the associated values of 4a and 4c. Overall results indicated that the influence of introducing an electropositive substituent (CH[Formula: see text] to the parent compound 4a, resulting in decreased stability and increased reactivity. Conversely, the introduction of an electronegative substituent (F) to 4a leads to opposite effects.
TMDS: Temperature-aware Makespan Minimizing DAG Scheduler for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems
Authors: Senapati Debabrata , Rajesh Kousik , Karfa Chandan , Sarkar Arnab
Published: August 2023

To meet application-specific performance demands, recent embedded platforms often involve the use of intricate micro-architectural designs and very small feature sizes leading to complex chips with multi-million gates. Such ultra-high gate densities often make these chips susceptible to inappropriate surges in core temperatures. Temperature surges above a specific threshold may throttle processor performance, enhance cooling costs, and reduce processor life expectancy. This work proposes a generic temperature management strategy that can be easily employed to adapt existing state-of-the-art task graph schedulers so that schedules generated by them never violate stipulated thermal bounds. The overall temperature-aware task graph scheduling problem has first been formally modeled as a constraint optimization formulation whose solution is shown to be prohibitively expensive in terms of computational overheads. Based on insights obtained through the formal model, a new fast and efficient heuristic algorithm called
TMDS
has been designed. Experimental evaluation over diverse test case scenarios shows that
TMDS
is able to deliver lower schedule lengths compared to the temperature-aware versions of four prominent
makespan
minimizing algorithms, namely,
HEFT
,
PEFT
,
PPTS
, and
PSLS
. Additionally, a case study with an adaptive cruise controller in automotive systems has been included to exhibit the applicability of
TMDS
in real-world settings.
Effect of CAD/CAM Position and Thickness of Ultra-Translucent Multilayered Zirconia on Color Aspects
Authors: Pongtongkham Palanupap , Pleumsamran Nathawat , Suttiat Kullapop
Published: August 2023

Background. Ultra-translucent multilayered zirconia restorations fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have recently gained popularity. Their esthetic appeal is crucially dependent on the color accuracy, influenced by prosthesis thickness and multilayer composition due to CAD/CAM milling positions. This study comprehensively investigated how these two factors impacted color accuracy, thereby enhancing our understanding of color outcomes. Materials and Methods. One hundred monolithic multilayer zirconia specimens with 10 × 10 mm square shape were milled in four different positions and five different thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm). The specimens were placed on an A3 shade resin composite substrate, and CIELAB values (L

 
∗

, a

 
∗

, and b

 
∗

) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Delta E (ΔE) values were calculated to quantify the color differences between the specimens and the A3 VITA classical shade tab and compared with the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds of ΔE = 1.2 and 2.7, respectively. Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey multiple comparisons (α = 0.05) were performed. Results. The proportion of the dentin layer was positively correlated with the a

 
∗

and b

 
∗

values, while specimen thickness was positively correlated with the a

 
∗

value and negatively correlated with the L

 
∗

and b

 
∗

values. Significant difference in ΔE value due to different CAD/CAM positions was not observed within the same specimen thickness. Perceptible color differences were observed in specimens with thicknesses greater than 1 mm, while specimens with 1 mm thickness fell within the clinically acceptable range. Highest ΔE value was found in the specimen with 1 mm thickness. Conclusions. Different compositions of multilayers in the final restoration due to different CAD/CAM positions do not significantly affect the color appearance of ultra-translucent multilayer zirconia, with color only influenced by specimen thickness.
Periventricular Microglia Polarization and Morphological Changes Accompany NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic–Ischemic White Matter Damage in Premature Rats
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Yajun , Yu Xuefei , Li Danni , Liu Na , Xue Xindong , Fu Jianhua
Published: August 2023

White matter damage (WMD) is a primary cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in preterm infants, and no effective treatments are available. Microglia are a major component of the innate immune system. When activated, they form typical pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes and regulate myelin development and synapse formation. Therefore, they may play a pivotal role in hypoxic–ischemic (HI) WMD. Herein, we investigated neural inflammation and long-term microglia phenotypic polarization in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced WMD and elucidated the underlying pathophysiological processes. We exposed 3-day-old (P3) Sprague−Dawley rats to hypoxia (8% oxygen) for 2.5 hr after unilateral common carotid artery ligation. The activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies, microglia M1/M2 polarization, myelination, and synaptic development in our model were monitored 7, 14, and 21 days after birth. In addition, the Morris water maze test was performed on postnatal Day 28. We confirmed myelination disturbance in the periventricular white matter, abnormal synaptic development, and behavioral changes in the periventricular area during the development of HI WMD. In addition, we found an association between the occurrence and development of HI WMD and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, microglial M1/M2 polarization, and the release of inflammatory factors. NLRP3 inhibition can play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the differentiation of microglia into the M1 phenotype, thereby improving myelination and synapse formation. In conclusion, microglia are key mediators of the inflammatory response and exhibit continuous phenotypic polarization 7–21 days after HI-induced WMD. This finding can potentially lead to a new treatment regimen targeting the phenotypic polarization of microglia early after HI-induced brain injury.
“Zero to Hero”: Conceptualising Time as a Moderator of Nurses’ Emotional Labour on the Front Line
Authors: Kirk Kate , Cohen Laurie , Timmons Stephen , Edgley Alison
Published: August 2023

Aim. We aimed to conceptualise how environmental, institutional, and organisational dynamics of the ED underpin and “moderate” nurses’ emotional labour. Background. Around the globe, EDs are struggling to meet rising patient demand including both UK health systems and public services in the US. In spite of these challenges and the intense and distinctive nature of EDs, an exploration of emotional labour is largely missing from current understanding. This is important, in part because emotional labour is established as an indicator of wellbeing including intention to leave, burnout, and compassion fatigue. We understand little of how the environment moderates emotional labour, and our study addressed this problem in the ED. Understanding the moderators of emotional labour, organisational perspective also offers theoretical development. Methods. Ethnography enabled immersion in the ED setting, gathering the lived experiences and narratives of the ED nursing team. This included 200 hours of observation at one District General Hospital and one Major Trauma Centre in the English NHS with 35 semistructured concurrent formal interviews. Results/Conclusions. The ED calls for an extensive spectrum of emotional labour from staff, influenced and moderated by the restrictions on resources, particularly time. We argue that, despite the often short nature of interactions undertaken in ED, the labour required is effortful and gruelling for staff. Understanding the relevance of environmental elements, namely, time, to the emotional labour offers tangible opportunities for improvement. These new understandings can underpin solutions to negative consequences of this work. Suggested measures and interventions to alleviate the impact of emotional labour should be prioritised by policy makers and those tasked with managing, designing, and leading the delivery of care in ED. Implications for Profession and/or Patient Care. The more “sped up” a service is required to be, the higher the likelihood of emotional labour is. In light of the challenges facing healthcare services around the world and the increased throughput through services, particularly in ED, this is important. This is also critical when considering that there are well-established relationships between emotional labour and wellbeing in nursing. Understanding the relevance of the healthcare environment to staff members’ experiences of emotional labour is critical in designing solutions which counterbalance the potentially negative consequences of this work.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma
Authors: Rodríguez Gil de Montes Angibelle Lizmar , Spencer Lilian Maritza
Published: August 2023

In immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), autologous lymphocytes are extracted from the patient, genetically modified to obtain CAR-T cells, and reintroduced into the patient to attack cancer cells. The success of this therapy has been achieved in the area of CD19-positive leukemias and lymphomas, being approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. CARs are proteins that combine antibody specificity with T-cell cytotoxicity. The most common toxicities associated with therapy were not predicted by preclinical testing and include cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and cytopenias. These toxicities are usually reversible. One of the main challenges facing the field is the high economic cost that therapy entails, so the search for ways to reduce this cost must be a priority. In addition, other challenges to overcome include the situation that not all patients are supplied with the product and the existence of long waiting times for the start of therapy. The aim of this review is to present the development of the structure of CAR-T cells, the therapies approved to date, the toxicity associated with them, and the advantages and limitations that they present as immunotherapy.
Fertile or Futile Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility? A Critical Analysis of the Ongwen Judgment in Relation to the Claim of Coercive Environment
Authors: Nortje Windell , Quénivet Noëlle
Published: August 2023

Dominic Ongwen was convicted and sentenced for numerous atrocities by the International Criminal Court (icc) in 2021. The Defence focused on the coercive environment that Ongwen was subjected to from his abduction as a boy until his surrender as an adult. The icc rejected the claim of duress as a ground for excluding criminal responsibility in the context of a past and present coercive environment. This article examines how the icc interpreted and applied duress in the Ongwen case and evaluates whether a coercive environment can be categorised as a unique defence in the icc Statute. This is done by scrutinising whether a coercive environment has been raised as a defence in domestic jurisdictions. This paper shows that national courts have not recognised a defence specific to crimes committed in a coercive environment and thus concludes that no such defence can be used by defendants before the icc.
Mainstream and Marginal Theologies in Australian Pentecostalism
Authors: Newton Jon K.
Published: August 2023

Pentecostalism has always struggled to define itself theologically from the beginning. Starting out as a marginal stream within Christianity, early Pentecostals were reluctant to compose statements of faith and were susceptible to a range of new doctrines, a problem that continues to this day. In this article, the author surveys the theological development of Pentecostalism in Australia, giving special attention to a specific Australian-born movement, Christian Revival Crusade, because of its distinctive doctrines of British-Israelism and deliverance of believers from evil spirits. The author concludes with some observations of recent doctrinal developments in Australian Pentecostalism before positing some causes for such changes and drawing some lessons for Pentecostalism as a whole.
How Many Times — It’s Zero Time Theory
Authors: Hancock P. A.
Published: August 2023

The flawed duality of mind and body leads logically, but fallaciously, to a conception of time divided into the physical and the psychological. The apparent question then becomes how to reconcile the two disparate perspectives and the integration of psychological constructs such as the “now” of the observer into the physis of the outer world. However, since mind is only an emergent property of a specific configuration of matter, so time becomes the inexorable delusion of living systems. The duality of time is thus a spurious inquiry motivated by flawed, but still understandably compelling premise.
Indications for a Franciscan Role in the Philanthropic Activities of the Early Florentine Misericordia
Authors: Levin William R.
Published: August 2023

Scholarship on Saint Francis of Assisi and the Franciscan movement, established in the thirteenth century, surprisingly tends to ignore his response to a central message of the Church: that we must love and care for the needy among our human brethren. Jesus himself said so, nowhere more explicitly than in Matthew, chapter twenty-five. Yet Francis’s writings repeatedly manifest his familiarity with Matthew, including that chapter. Conditions in rapidly urbanizing parts of Europe during the late-medieval period such as Northern and Central Italy rendered Christ’s mandate to “love one another” especially pertinent. Charitable confraternities played a major role in mitigating human suffering during that transitional era, providing various types of assistance community-wide to disadvantaged neighbors. Archival documents confirm that such actions performed by members of the Misericordia Confraternity of Florence followed Christ’s declaration in Matthew 25 setting forth the Corporal Works of Mercy. Inscriptions and pictorial details in the Misericordia’s frescoed Allegory of Mercy of 1342 underscore this point. Other details within that painting signal a Franciscan influence upon, and presence within, the Misericordia Company, reflecting the existence of a robust Franciscan community in Florence comprising not only members of the First and Second Orders—the Friars Minor and Poor Clares, respectively—but also laypersons of the Third Order. Passages in the writings of Saint Francis and his early biographers indicate the importance that works of mercy had for the Poverello, the six named in Matthew and a seventh commonly added to that list. In particular, Francis’s experiences, pronouncements, and efforts in regard to the fourth and sixth works of mercy, clothing the naked and aiding prisoners, exemplify the charitable activities both encouraged by the saint and, almost certainly with his background, words, and deeds in mind, actually implemented by members of the Misericordia Confraternity, as articulated in their inspirational centerpiece, the Allegory of Mercy.
Same God but Different? Politico-Religious Dynamics and the New Hong Kong Christian Diaspora in the United Kingdom
Authors: To Yvette , Chan Yuk Wah
Published: August 2023

This article examines the impacts of new Christian immigrants from Hong Kong on Chinese Christian churches in the United Kingdom. While the new arrivals have helped boost the vitality of Chinese immigrant churches, they also pose new challenges to the established Chinese Christian communities. Drawing on qualitative data from our fieldwork in different locations in the United Kingdom, we seek to delineate the intra-ethnic dynamics and dilemmas within the Chinese Christian communities formed by new and old Hong Kong immigrants, and immigrants from mainland China. While new immigrants from Hong Kong manifest a strong dedication to their Christian identity, many of them are also resolute in their uncompromising political stance and identity, which puts them at odds with other Chinese Christians in the United Kingdom. We argue that Christian immigrants from Hong Kong are creating a new landscape of Christianity and a distinctive religious diaspora in the United Kingdom.
Giving Them a Choice: Qualitative Research Participants Chosen Pseudonyms as a Reflection of Self-Identity
Authors: Itzik Lea , Walsh Sophie D.
Published: August 2023

The use of pseudonyms in qualitative research is common and aims to preserve the anonymity of the participants. However, there is a lack of consensus on how pseudonyms should be chosen in qualitative research among ethnic populations. The present study examines how transferring the decision as to the choice of the pseudonym to the participants themselves can illuminate aspects of their identity. The study is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 36 young Israeli-Ethiopians. Two main themes emerged from the data which we felt were relevant to the issue of pseudonym choice: The first concerned the declarations of identity (Ethiopian, Israeli, and integrated) of the young people in the study, and the second concerned their choice of pseudonyms (in Hebrew or Amharic). Most participants chose Hebrew pseudonyms. The discussion suggests two identity profiles—Reactive and Agency—that correspond to the relationship between the identity declaration and the pseudonym chosen.
A Beginning Music Teacher’s Micropolitical Literacy Development
Authors: Shaw Ryan D.
Published: August 2023

When teachers and school staff work together, it inevitably involves issues of power, influence, diplomacy, and cooperation; this has been termed “micropolitics,” and the ability to read situations with micropolitics in mind has been identified as “micropolitical literacy.” The purpose of this year-long case study was to explore one beginning music teacher’s micropolitical literacy development with explicit connections to the framework put forth by Kelchtermans and Ballet. The research questions were (1) How does the participant describe their micropolitical understanding? (2) How does the participant describe their micropolitical strategies? and (3) How does the participant feel about their micropolitical literacy? Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts suggested themes aligned with the theoretical framework’s aspects of know (understanding), do (strategies), and feel (experiential). The participant’s knowledge development focused on power dynamics, structures, and relationships. Strategies included gaining clout and reframing situations. Furthermore, the participant’s experience of micropolitical literacy development was fraught with negative emotions and uncertainty. Overall, literacy development was stymied by systemic challenges in the district.
Double Consciousness and Racial Status Beliefs
Authors: Okuwobi Oneya Fennell , Montgomery Bradley , Melamed David
Published: August 2023

Double consciousness arises from a conflict between the negative appraisals of others and one’s own positive self-appraisal. In this study, we link double consciousness with racialized status beliefs, or beliefs about the competency and worth of group members. Using first-order and generalized second-order evaluations of explicit status beliefs, we examine the consistency between how individuals view their own racial group and how they perceive their group to be viewed by others. Drawing on survey data, we find high agreement in generalized second-order status beliefs among racial groups but misalignment between these evaluations and first-order status beliefs for marginalized groups. Black and Hispanic respondents exhibit double consciousness by rating their racial group as higher status than they understand most people to rate their group. The widespread existence of double consciousness in status beliefs has troubling implications for the development of racial identity among people of color and for equity.
A Relational Approach to Perceived Discrimination: The Case of South Asian Indians
Authors: Adem Muna , Rao Shelley , Marrow Helen B. , García Melissa J. , Okamoto Dina G.
Published: August 2023

Perceived discrimination is often theorized within a bounded social context, and much of this literature focuses on how structural and socioeconomic factors shape minorities’ perceptions of discrimination. However, immigrants exist in varied social contexts given their exposure to both home and destination countries. In this study, we propose a relational framework to understand how stratification systems in one's country of origin and relative group evaluations in new social contexts interact to shape experiences with perceived discrimination for immigrant groups. As a case study, we draw on an original, representative survey ( N = 501) and follow-up interviews ( N = 58) with Indian immigrants living in Atlanta and Philadelphia. Although respondents report a range of explicit to subtle discriminatory experiences, they often downplay or minimize them. We argue that interpreting these experiences relationally—in relation to Indians’ perceptions of discrimination abroad and toward other U.S. minority groups—is key to explaining this puzzle.
Catchment-Area Delineation Approach Considering Travel Purposes for Station-Level Ridership Prediction Task
Authors: Ma Chen , Cheng Yanqiu , Zhang Shuang , Chen Kuanmin , Wei Jie , Hu Xianbiao
Published: August 2023

Station-catchment-area delineation is a key component of direct ridership models for urban rail-transport systems as it can determine the relationship between the urban-rail-transit station-level ridership and the variables within the station catchment area. The neglect of differences in the passenger-flow distribution for different travel purposes in previous studies has led to low accuracy of the obtained walk-to-station distances. Therefore, this paper proposes a station-catchment-area delineation method which is based on web map data to obtain accurate walk-to-station distances and considers differences in the distance thresholds and the ridership attraction intensity (RAI) for six travel purposes (corresponding to commercial, medical, residential, educational, administrative, and recreational land uses). In the case study, the ridership data of Xi’an Metro, the 2015 Xi’an Residential Travel Survey data, and the corresponding Gaode Map data are employed to extract passengers’ walking-distance distribution for several travel purposes to delineate the station catchment areas and build direct ridership models. Several geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are constructed to evaluate and examine the effects of the various station-catchment-area delineation methods on the model findings. The obtained results show that the proposed station-catchment-area delineation method significantly improves the ridership prediction performance compared with the traditional circular-buffer method, with the entry and exit ridership prediction accuracy improving by 3.57% and 6.65% on average, respectively. Finally, this study will guide transportation planners on how to delineate station catchment areas when constructing direct-demand models for urban rail stations.
Analysis and Evaluation of Slip Base Aluminum Single-Post Sign Supports under Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Safety Performance Criteria
Authors: Fang Chen , Steelman Joshua S. , Bielenberg Robert W. , Faller Ronald K. , Perry Brandon J.
Published: August 2023

Single-post sign supports are commonly used near to roadways. Signs can assume various configurations, yet few full-scale crash tests have been conducted to date to investigate crash performance of sign supports under current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) criteria. This study investigated crash performance for aluminum, slip base, single-post signs under MASH criteria to determine critical configurations and develop prospective assessments of crashworthiness. These systems were supported by a four-bolt slip base and mounted on a 4 in. diameter aluminum post. Two full-scale crash tests were performed to evaluate performance of a system with a 4 × 4 ft sign panel under MASH test Nos. 3-61 and 3-62, in which the slip base activated and released the sign in a predictable manner. Safety concerns for the tested signs were raised by sign penetration through the rear window and excessive roof crush during MASH test No. 3-61. LS-DYNA models were developed and validated against test results. LS-DYNA simulations were conducted on four sign configurations to represent a range of sign panel sizes and design heights to analyze critical characteristics of single-post signs. Simulations were also conducted with increased design height to explore preliminary options for improving the performance of sign supports. Generally, signs with centroid heights at least 10 ft were deemed to have high potential of passing MASH Test Level 3 (TL-3) criteria, but it was recommended that the critical sign configuration be modified to raise the sign cluster centroid from a design height of 9 ft to 11.5 ft or greater.
Novel recycling of plastic waste into high impact resistant ultralightweight thermally insulated hybrid composite
Authors: Ibrahim Juhaina , Bhowmik Shantanu
Published: August 2023

This research discusses the development of a high performance composite out of waste plastic that is ultralightweight, thermally insulated, and high impact resistant. Polycarbonate sheet and Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) foam were combined to create the composite, and silicon adhesive was used to fabricate the composite. Polycarbonate sheets are high impact resistant material, high thermal insulation is provided by XLPE foam, and silicon adhesive is used because of its low thermal conductivity. The composite was fabricated using a stacking technique. The composite prototype was then evaluated by experimenting it to dry ice at a temperature of −78.6°C. Drop tests, compression tests, density measurements was carried out, and thermal analysis was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis. The sample can endure low temperatures while maintaining room temperature on the other side, according to a 24 h dry ice test, whilst a drop test demonstrated that it can withstand significant impact loads. A numerical simulation using Abaqus/Explicit was also used to validate the variations in temperature between the outside surface at −20°C and the inside surface maintained at 30°C of the composites when exposed to cold temperature. The result reveals that the hybrid composite are highly promising in terms of thermal insulation.