bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
18.4: Improvement of Contrast and Brightness by Using Crystall Pigment Phosphor Screens
Authors: Kawasaki M. , Tani N. , Onishi R.
Published: January 2005

Our new CRTs equipped with so‐called “Crystal Pigment Phosphor Screens” have redlized a contrast improvement of 20% while keeping the same brightness. The screens have been developed as a result of innovating on a pigmented phosphor technology. New phosphors coated with 5 times as much pigment as those of current pigmented models give the highest improvement.
18.5: Invited Paper: Vacuum Issues and Gettering Conventional and Flat CRTs
Authors: Ferrario B.
Published: January 2005

Vacuum and gettering problems are here described related to conventional CRTs, still requiring continuous getter innovation, and to the recent flat CRTs (FEDs) which need specific and challenging solutions. Both evaporable getters, used in usual CRTs, and certain more recently developed highly porous non‐evaporable getters are reviewed and discussed.
19.1: Invited Paper: High‐Contrast 50‐in. Color ac Plasma Display with 1365 × 768 Pixels
Authors: Sano Y. , Nakamura T. , Numomura K. , Konishi T. , Usui M. , Tanaka A. , Yoshida T. , Yamada H. , Oida O. , Fujimura R.
Published: January 2005

A 50‐in. diagonal AC plasma display with 16:9 aspect ratio has been developed: It has 1365×768 pixels and reproducing 17 million colors. The high resolution images of Hi‐Vision(EIDTV) and XGA(PC) can be displayed with a higher contrast and wider color gamut, employing color filter technology, vertical black stripe, and single priming driving sequence.
20.3,: A MIM‐Addressed 16‐in. EWS PDLC Display with Decreased Capacitance
Authors: Koeberle M. , Maier G. , Lueder E. , Kallfass T.
Published: January 2005

We developed of a new fabrication process for MIMs to decrease the capacitance of the MIM. As a result of this the ratio CLC/CMIM is enlarged by a factor 5. The MIMs have a Ta2O5/Si3N4 double dielectric layer from which the Si3N4‐layer is structured by a self‐aligning backlighting process. With this process we achieved a very good homogeneity and a low defect rate of the MIM‐elements. The improvement of the MIMs is demonstrated by a 16 inch MIM‐addressed black and white EWS‐PDLC‐Display with 1280 × 1024 pixel sized 250μm × 250μm. To our knowledge this is the largest MIM‐display also exhibiting the highest pixel density realized so far.
20.4: A New Pixel Structure: Storage Capacitor Utilizing the Adjacent Pixel Electrode as the Reference Electrode
Authors: Bae B. S. , Lee J. H. , Huh J. H. , Lee W. K. , Joo S. Y. , Souk J. H. , Kim K. N. , Ryu J. I. , Yoo K. H. , Jang J.
Published: January 2005

A new pixel structure is suggested and applied to the 5.8″ diagonal liquid crystal display panel. In general, previous gate lines or the common electrode lines are used as the reference electrodes of the storage capacitor. In the suggested structure, the reference electrode is the adjacent pixel electrode. The fabricated panel with the new structure has full color, 5.8″ diagonal and 234×400×3 resolution. To investigate the capability of the suggested storage capacitor, a pixel voltage simulation test was performed on two types of driving schemes; one being the dot inversion and the other being line inversion.
Reflective Single Polariser Low and High Twist Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Tillin M. D. , Towler M. J. , Saynor K. A. , Beynon E. J.
Published: January 2005

This paper discusses recent development of direct view single polariser reflective displays. Key elements in the design of such displays are described. It is shown that a high contrast ratio display with wide viewing angle and fast response time can readily be achieved, and a new display with these characteristics is presented.
22.2: Evaluation Of Flat Panel Display Technologies For An Automotive Night Vision Enhancement HUD System
Authors: Stevens Andy , Jonas Reg , Breslin Caroline , Mulvanny Paul
Published: January 2005

An automotive HUD system is currently under development. Flat panel displays are being considered to replace the current CRT in order to improve performance whilst reducing volume, complexity and unit cost. We shall present our assessment of potential flat panel displays for this application, discuss the design problems they pose, and present results from our demonstrator system.
25.1: Similarities between TFT Arrays for Direct‐Conversion X‐Ray Sensors and High‐Aperture AMLCDS
Authors: den Boer W. , Aggas S. , Gu T. , Byun Y. H. , Qiu C.‐B. , Thomsen S. V.
Published: January 2005

The fabrication and operation of a 14 in. × 8.5 in. TFT array for Direct Conversion X‐ray sensors with 1536 by 2560 pixels is described. Similarities in process and design are discussed with TFT arrays for high aperture AMLCDS, that also use a low k inter‐level dielectric to improve performance.
25.2: Simple Process of Hillock‐Free Al‐Gate Metallization without ITO/Al Contact Problems for Large‐Area TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Seo H. S. , Choi J. B. , Yun D. C. , Kim C. D. , Soh H. S.
Published: January 2005

As low resistive gate lines in thin film transistors (TFTs), the various structures of aluminum(Al) double layers patterned by one photolithography process have been investigated. Only for the Mo/Al structure, Al hillocks were not shown during or/and after plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process of 320°C. It would be considered that the stress of Al film would be compensated by the compressive molybdenum(Mo) film. Addition‐ally, this Mo layer would prevent the surface of Al layer from oxidization during Iridium‐Tin Oxide (ITO) pixel deposition and annealing at the pad open region. As a result, there is no contact problem in the ITO/Mo/Al structure. The 12.1 inch SVGA TFT‐LCD was successfully fabricated by simple process with this Mo/Al structure as a gate line.
5.4:Silicon Chip Based Reflective PDLC Light Valve for Projection Display
Authors: Nagata T. , Takemoto I. , Miyazawa T. , Asano A. , Yanagawa K. , Nakamura S. , Nakagawa H. , Saitou K. , Okabe N. , Matsumoto K. , Iguchi A.
Published: January 2005

An XGA reflective type light valve is developed using PDLC and a mirror MOS chip fabricated from single crystal silicon. Maximum reflectance of 75% is realized. A projector of 1000ANSI lumen and contrast ratio of 70 is realized with this light valve and a 120W lamp.
27.1: Invited paper: Hybrid System Combined with Digital Cameras and Hardcopy
Authors: Okada J.
Published: January 2005

This paper presents some opinions on digital photography systems of the near future from the standpoint of digital image printing for the general public and also describes the current quality of digital image input devices (digital still cameras (DSC)) and the new photo quality of digital hard copy output devices (color Inkjet printers).
Increased Resolution on an ICFLCD Through Field Sequential Sub Pixel Illumination
Authors: Eichenlaub Jesse , Katafiaz Mark
Published: January 2005

The ultimate goal of many types of display system (HMD, digital movie projector, simulator) is to produce images with an angular resolution approaching the human eye's natural limit. For most displays, this implies a resolution of many thousands of lines — far beyond what is possible for any real time system in existence today. DTI has demonstrated a technique that promises to produce ultra‐high resolution images through innovative illumination of a fast low cost ICFLCD or potentially a DLP. DTI's method creates images with more resolution than is provided by the pixels themselves by using time multiplexed illumination. Specifically, during four sequential scans of the ICFLCD, the four quadrants of each pixel are illuminated in sequence, building up an image made up of the illuminated quadrants rather than the pixels themselves.
28.1: A New Electron Gun with Active Convergence Lens System
Authors: Kikuchi N. , Sumi N. , Natori M. , Amano Y.
Published: January 2005

The electron gun that can correct convergence on entire screen was developed for 50cm Color Display Tube. By driving two new electrodes to correct horizontal and vertical convergence with each parabolic waves, this electron gun is able to control the trajectories of red beam and blue beam on all over the screen.
6.1: Invited Paper: Recent Developments on Optical Films for LCDS
Authors: Kurata N.
Published: January 2005

As liquid crystal displays (LCDS) have come to be used in a wider range of applications, optically functional films have been receiving growing expectations from market as key components for LCDS. In that situation, Sumitomo Chemical and other manufacturers have developed new optical films with various advanced functions. This paper reports the background of LCD industry and recent trends and developments of optically functional films.
Plasma Treatment Effect on the Off Current Characteristics of a‐Si TFT
Authors: Yamakawa S. , Yabuta S. , Ban A. , Okamoto M. , Katayama M. , Ishii Y. , Hijikigawa M.
Published: January 2005

We have investigated the effect of plasma treatment after a back channel etching process of a‐Si:H thin film transistors (TFTs). O2, N2 and He plasma treatments were done and compared. It was found that the He plasma treatment was the most effective method to decrease the off leakage current in the lower subthreshold region. The He plasma treatment affects the interface characteristics between the a‐Si:H layer and the passivation layer, and obstructs the electron transport near the back channel interface.
A High Performance Bi‐Directional Super‐MIM Diode with Symmetrical and Shift‐Free I‐V Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Shengdong , Sin Johnny K. O.
Published: January 2005

A novel self‐aligned bi‐directional MIM (Metal ‐Insulator‐Metal) diode with transparent junctions is proposed and fabricated. The MIM diode is formed by a combination of Ta/TaOx/ITO/TaOx/Ta. In this structure, both symmetrical and shift‐free I‐V characteristics are obtained. The symmetrical I‐V characteristics are attributed to the excellent symmetry in the diode structure. The significant reduction on the shift in the I‐V characteristics is a result of the removal of the charges captured by the traps in the TaOx layers and at the interfaces between the TaOx and the electrodes during electrical stress. Only three masks are needed for the fabrication of the MIM diode pixel, which is as simple as the conventional approach. Moreover, the adoption of the lateral junction approach in the structure makes it possible to be used for high density MIM matrix implementation over large area substrates without the need of high resolution patterning techniques.
Dual Branch MIM Array Technology for Low‐Cost AMLCDs
Authors: den Boer Willem , Veerasamy Vijayen , Baron Yair , Boyd Michael , Friends Mark , Voisin Paul
Published: January 2005

The three‐mask fabrication process and performance of a low cost 10.4 in. VGA Active Matrix LCD using a novel Dual Branch MIM diode pixel circuit is described. The new circuit is insensitive to variations in characteristics of the Si‐rich SiNx:H diodes and to RC delays on buslines, as evidenced by circuit measurements and simulations.
Wide Viewing AMLCD Optimized for Gray Scale Operation
Authors: Brinkley Rick , Xu Gang , Abileah Adi , Vanderploeg John
Published: January 2005

A new retardation configuration (ARJ) was designed, built and tested. A comparison to the Fuji‐WV‐o‐mode shows much a improved viewing envelope in the horizontal and vertical direction. The display gray level separation is very good and maintains no inversion over ±60°H/ −15°/+40°V range. The optical parameters of both modes are described and compared.
6.2: A High‐Performance Novel Polarizer Based on Dyestuff
Authors: Hayashi N. , Ogino K. , Kurata N. , Fujita F.
Published: January 2005

The polarizer based on dyestuff has advanced remarkably in performance. With its high durability, the optical performance of the newly developed polarizer has been extremely improved as compared with the conventional one on the market, and has become similar to that of the high contrast polarizer based on iodine. Characteristics of the new polarizer will be described.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Glare in Cathode‐Ray for Medical Imaging
Authors: Badano Aldo , Flynn Michael J.
Published: January 2005

The luminance range of cathode‐ray tube (CRT) systems is limited by glare associated with light diffusion in the thick glass faceplate. This is of particular concern in medical imaging applications, where images with wide luminance range and low contrast detail are displayed. To achieve the required display quality, careful control of the light transfort processes in the faceplate of CRTs is needed. In this paper, an optical Monte Carlo simulation code (DETECT‐II) for modeling the luminance spread in the CRT emissive structure is described. Using this approach, the effect of rough surfaces and anti‐reflective thin‐film coatings on luminance spread functions is examined
Electrically Addressed Smectic A Liquid Crystal Displays and their Liquid Crystal Microstructure
Authors: Fagerberg R. , Johnsen L. , Rambech J. S. , Neegård S. , Dyrseth A. A. , Nossum B. , Williams Lorenzo , Holter Børre
Published: January 2005

Bistable electrically addressed smectic A liquid crystal (LC) cells with 6.5″ diagonals have been prepared in monochrome and color. A process for converting the focal conic LC microstructure of filled cells into the homeotropic (transparent) texture is discussed. When driven to an opaque state, the LC scatters light, predominantly in a forward direction. This scattering of light allows for preparation of display modules with large viewing angles and excellent sunlight readability.
LP‐C: Late‐News Poster: Influence of Electromagnetic Interference on LCD Operation
Authors: Smirnov A. , Shadura O. , Pinaev A. , Bondarenko S. , Panichev M. , Vyrko G.
Published: January 2005

Theoretical and experimental procedure of the investigation of harmonic and pulse electromagnetic interferences on LCD's operation is described. Diagnostic complex for the investigations of LCD's behavior under the influence of electromagnetic interferences containing generators of harmonic and pulse interferences and main electrooptical parameter's measuring system has been developed. Experimental results obtained are presented and discussed.
6.3: Plastic VGA Reflective Cholesteric LCDS with Dynamic Drive
Authors: Podojii G. M. , Davis D. J. , Huang X.‐Y. , Miller N. , Deane J. W.
Published: January 2005

We report the first fully addressable VGA size reflective cholesteric liquid crystal displays fabricated using thin plastic substrates. These displays have resolution of 133 dpi and are addressed with our dynamic drive scheme at a rate of two frames per second. These displays are bistable and require no backlight, resulting in very low power consumption that is ideal for portable battery‐powered applications. The displays have electro‐optical and optical properties similar to those made with glass but are thin and light weight. The displays are integrated into demonstration devices that store up to 16 images on interchangeable flash cards.
Practical Machine‐Vision Based Automatic Optical Inspection for ITO‐Coated Thin Glass
Authors: Van Lieu Neil R.
Published: January 2005

A commercial, machine‐vision based optical inspection system has been modified to inspect for defects in indiumtin oxide (ITO) coatings on thin, large aperture sheets of glass for use in flat panel displays. The system utilizes several lighting arrangements to detect specific types of coating defects.
LP‐M: FED Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Dou X.‐Y. , Wang H.‐X. , Song L.‐J. , Huangfu L.‐J. , Huai Y.‐J. , Zhu C.‐C.
Published: January 2005

The fabrication of the field emitters array, the gates, the anode pillars and the transparent flat‐panel vacuum packages were introduced. The flat ‐panel nixie with a good gate‐cathode characteristics have been fabricated with the processing. Field emission characteristic was also detected between cathodes and anodes, and the fluorescence light was found.
A Cost Effective Method for Producing Anti‐Reflection Films
Authors: Choi H. C. , Jones R. L. , Nagarkar P. , Smyth W. , Wang J.
Published: January 2005

A new method for producing high performance AR films at reasonable costs has been developed. This new approach can produce anti‐reflection films with a photopic reflectance of less than 0.8% while providing 3H scratch hardness and steel wool rub resistance. Good anti‐finger print performance is combined with an excellent ability to clean with any of the standard cleaning agents. This technology allows a range of “cost effective” AR products to be made commensurate with the application.
Blue Phosphor in the System ZnO‐Ga2O3‐Li2O for FED
Authors: Dmitrienko A. O. , Nikishin N. V. , Dmitrienko V. P. , Bukesov S. A. , Kim J. M.
Published: January 2005

Cathodoluminescence of the blue phosphor based on Li‐substituted ZnGa2O4has been studied. The luminance, efficiency, and spectrum of CL at excitation energies 100–600 eV were measured.

A blue (Li0.5Ga0.5)0.5Zn0.5Ga2O4phosphor was synthesized. Replacement of half zinc atoms by lithium and gallium atoms leads to an increase in CL efficiency up to 0.2 lm/W. Although them intrinsic luminous efficiency of the blue phosphors in the system ZnO−Ga2O3−Li2O was found to much lower than ZnS:Ag,Cl, the higher resistance to saturation of the oxide phosphor demonstrated that it may be desirable to use this phosphors for low voltage VFDs and FEDs operating at high current densities. The blue gallates are also more attractive for FEDs since its oxide‐based matrix should result in improved life time properties.
P‐34: The Influence of Chemical Modification of the Surface of RGB Phosphors on Their Low‐Voltage CL Properties
Authors: Bukesov S. A. , Nikishin N. V. , Dmitrienko A. O. , Shmakov S. L. , Kim J. M.
Published: January 2005

The outlook of chemical modification of RGB phosphors excited by low‐energy (<1 keV) electrons with wide‐band oxides with the aim to improve their CL properties is considered. Basic experimental results of how modifying additives influence the electropbysical and low‐voltage CL properties of phosphors are presented. A mechanism of modifying action is proposed to explain the known data, some ways for searching surface modifiers are given to allow the quality of phosphors to be improved.
P‐35: Vacuum Sealing of Field‐Emission Arrays Using Field‐Assisted Bonding Method
Authors: Lee D.‐J. , Ju B. K. , Lee Y. H. , Oh M. H. , Lee N. Y. , Han J. I. , Cho K. I. , Jang J.
Published: January 2005

Glass‐Si‐glass and glass‐glass structures could be successfully formed by electrostatic bonding method. Si‐based field emitter arrays(FEAs) were packaged in vacuum environment using the bonding technique. The material properties of multiple bonding interfaces were investigated by SEM and SIMS analyses and applicability of the vacuum bonding process to the micro‐vacuum devices was evaluated through field emission test.
P‐40: Red, Green, and Blue Silicate Phosphor Thin Films by Laser Deposition
Authors: Sun X. W. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

Three kinds of silicate phosphor thin films, emitting in the red‐green‐blue (RGB) primary colors, were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition: manganese and lead doped calcium silicate (CaSiO3:MnPb) for red color, manganese doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4:Mn) for green color, and cerium doped yttrium silicate (Y2SiO5:Ce) for blue color. A good correlation was found between photoluminescence intensity and film crystallinity and surface morphology.
P‐43: Evaluation of Moving‐Picture Quality on 42‐in. PDP
Authors: Koura T. , Yamamoto T. , Ishii K. , Takano Y. , Kokubun H. , Kurita T. , Kobayashi K. , Murakami H. , Yamaguchi K.
Published: January 2005

The effect of new signal processing and driving methods introduced to 42‐inch HDTV DC PDP to improve moving picture quality is evaluated by both computer simulation and subjective evaluation of the moving pictures. The results show that our techniques sufficiently improve picture quality for practical use in the HDTV PDP receiver.
The Gas Discharge Simulation and Experiments for Improve Luminous Efficiency of Color Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Park Hun‐Gun , Lee Seok‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

The luminous efficiency improvement is one of the most important part to make PDP into leader of large flat panel display device. So, We suggest new type of three component gas, Ne‐Xe‐Ar, to achieve high luminous efficiency of color PDPs. The density of 26 species and electron temperature were calculated by zero dimensional simulation, and we verified a simulation by measuring vacuum ultraviolet, from 140nm to 180nm, in order to find the optimal mixing condition of Ne‐Xe‐Ar gas in color plasma display panel. The maximum peak point of Xe*(1S4 state) state is obtained in 0.5% of Ar mixing ratio by simulation and the maximum luminous efficiency is measured at a point of 0.5% Ar mixing ratio in VUV measuring. The luminous efficiency has been improved considerably (about 30%) by adding Ar (0.5%), compared with Ne‐4%Xe mixing gas.
P‐45: Fast Addressing in Color PDPs by Multiple‐Erase‐Scanning and Picture‐Quality ‐Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Song Y. B. , Lee J. H. , Chung M. S. , Park B. Y. , Park M. H. , Lee N. K.
Published: January 2005

An alternate new addressing scheme for AC PDP involves “W” scanning and multiple erase‐scanning per sustain cycle in conjunction with other techniques invented to enhance the picture quality. TMs provides fast addressing which will enable panels with HDTV vertical resolution to be addressed with 8 or more bits of grayscale. This scheme was implemented as color AC PDP of 640×480 resolution.
P‐47: A 20‐cm‐Diagonal DCPDP Having Positive Column Cells and dc Memory Mode Operation
Authors: Sakai T. , Nagasaka E. , Shoji H.
Published: January 2005

This panel has positive column cells with 0.57 pitch in mean. Ceil numbers are 192 in row and 320 in column. A cell has a cathode faced perpendicular to the discharge pass which is parallel to the front and rear glasses. Phosphors are deposited on back side only then luminous efficiency is 0.4 lm/W. But 30 cells with wall phosphor shows 1.0 lm/W. The life is estimated about 50000 h. A TV picture is displayed on the panel by DC mode memory scheme which has no sustain pulse. A vertical contamination removing method in the DC memory is proposed. We show quantitatively dynamic false outline in the DC memory and if we use Kaji s scanning method the false outline is removed.
P‐48: Development of a 25‐in.‐Diagonal SXGA Full‐Color PDP
Authors: Awata Y. , Asami F. , Matsui N. , Namiki F. , Hashimoto Y.
Published: January 2005

We have successfully developed a 25‐inch diagonal SXGA full‐color PDP recently. This PDP has characteristics of 0.13mm sub‐pixel size, 150cd/m2 luminance and 70:1 contrast ratio. Also, this PDP has 1280 × 1024 pixels in 499.2mm × 399.36mm display area and can show more than 260 thousands colors with the newer developed high speed driving method. Moreover, we developed the new electrical power control method and the new scanning method using display data to reduce power consumption and heating of driver ICS. With these technologies, we are now introducing a 25‐inch‐diagonal SXGA full‐color PDP monitor.
Investigation of Rare Earth Doped Thiogallates as Potential Phosphors for TDEL Displays
Authors: Liu G. , Bailey P. , Lobban K.
Published: January 2005

The electroluminescent characteristics of sputtered thin films of rare earth doped, alkaline earth thiogallate Ca1−xSrxGa2S4:RE phosphors on Westaim ceramic substrates have been examined. A wide range of EL colors from blue to red were obtained with single dopants. Bright blue emission with L40 = 11 cd/m2 at 60 Hz has been achieved. White emission was shown possible with multiple dopants.
An Improved Understanding on the Relationship between Interface Roughness of ZnS:Pr,Ce Phosphor‐Ta2O5 Insulating Film and Electrical Characteristics of TFEL Devices
Authors: Kim Young‐Sik , Lee Yun‐Hi , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Sung Man‐Young , Shin Dong‐Ki , Oh Myung‐Hwan
Published: January 2005

Interface roughness effects in ITO‐Ta2O5‐ZnS:Pr,Ce‐Ta2O5‐Al structures were investigated as a function of thickness of dielectric layer. Internal charge‐phosphor field (Qint‐Fp) analysis and capacitance‐voltage analysis(C‐V) showed that the steady state phosphor field is more smaller and C‐V curve in transition region less steeper with increasing root‐mean‐square‐roughness between dielectric and phosphor layer. The experimental results demonstrate that interface roughness is one of the physical factors to change the electrical performance of ACTFEL devices.
P‐55: Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Polymer/Inorganic Heterostructures
Authors: Tan H.‐S. , Yao J.‐Q. , Chen L.‐C. , Wang X.‐J. , Xie H.‐Q. , Gao G.‐H.
Published: January 2005

We have successfully demonstrated light emission from bilayer devices based on polymeric/inorganic heterojunction. In comparison with single polymer diodes, the brightness and luminescence efficiency of bilayer device improved 14 times and 26 times respectively under 10V dc. The EL spectrum of bilayer device shifts continuously as the applied voltage increase. The shift is ascribed to the superposition of emission from polymer layer and inorganic layer.
Improvement of image quality of liquid crystal projection system by a diffractive gratings
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Ko , Ko Fu‐Jen , Shieh Han‐Ping. D.
Published: January 2005

A new depixelization technique using diffractive gratings to suppress the “discrete” nature of liquid crystal projection image is described. The diffractive gratings transform light emitting from each pixel of an LC panel into mainly 0‐th and 1‐st diffraction order light beams of the equal energy. By deflecting the 1‐st order beams horizontally to 3/2 amount of sub‐color pixels to fill the dead space between each pixel, thus doubling the number of pixels within the image, the image quality of the LCD projection is improved.
LP‐D: Late‐News Poster: High‐Efficiency LCD Projection Displays with Novel Thin‐Film Polarizing Beam Splitters
Authors: Li L. , Dobrowolski J. A. , Sullivan B. T. , Marshall G. , Pang Z.
Published: January 2005

A novel high performance thin film polarizing beam‐splitter (PBS) has been invented and demonstrated. This PBS is non‐absorbing and has a broadband, wide angular field and high extinction ratios for both reflected and transmitted beams. Significant brightness enhancement is observed in two prototype high efficiency LCD projection displays based on this PBS.
Optical Design for Wide‐Viewing‐Angle TN‐LCD with Hybrid Aligned Nematic Compensation Film
Authors: Toyooka T. , Yoda E. , Kobori Y. , Yamanashi T. , Itoh H.
Published: January 2005

Novel optical compensation film with hybrid aligned nematic structure was developed for the improvement of the viewing‐angle characteristics of TN‐LCDs. Influence of the film and the TN‐cell parameters on the viewing‐angle characteristics will be discussed. As a result of optimization, the compensated NW‐TN‐LCD shows wide‐viewing‐angle performance on practical use.
7.3: Late‐News Paper: IPS mode TFT‐LCDs For Aircraft Application
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Masutani Y. , Nakashima K. , Niwano Y. , Nishimura Y. , Tahata S. , Morii Y. , Lamberth L. , Laddu R. , Coyle M. , Komenda V. , Esposito C. , Sarma K.
Published: January 2005

We have succeeded in developing an IPS mode 10.4″ TFT‐LCD with a wide‐viewing angle of ±70°, high brightness of 400 nits and a wide operating temperature range (from −30° to 70 °C) for aircraft application. This performance is realized by using a new LC material and a new IPS‐TFT array structure with top‐level pixel/common electrodes and a new BM structure.
LP‐E: Late‐News Poster: Wide‐Viewing‐Angle LCD Using Voltage‐Controlled Twist Effect
Authors: Bryan‐Brown G. P. , Brown C. V. , Sage I. C. , Hui V. C. , Wood E. L.
Published: January 2005

A new LCD configuration is presented which consists of a grating surface treated to induce homeotropic alignment placed opposite a planar anchored surface. The cell is filled with a negative nematic LC. When a field is applied to the cell, the grating converts an electrically induced tilt torque into a twist torque. This leads to an electro optic effect with many attractive properties including wide viewing angle.
P‐64: UV‐Light‐Modified Polyimide Films for Liquid‐Crystal Alignment
Authors: Gong S. , Kanicki J. , Ma L. , Zhong J. Z. Z.
Published: January 2005

Infrared, UV‐visible and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that bond‐breaking and oxidation occur during broadband UV‐illumination of the polyimide film in the air. Surface tension and polarity are increased based on the measurements of contact angles. No obvious morphology change has been observed through atomic force microscopy analysis. While the polarized UV‐light generates a relatively small pretilt angle on a nonrubbed surface, it reduces the pretilt angle to some degree on a rubbed surface, depending upon the UV‐light polarization direction relative to the rubbing direction.
LC Alignment Mechanism for the Polarized UV‐Exposed Polyimide Films
Authors: Ha K. , Ahn W. , West J. L.
Published: January 2005

We used IR dichroism measurements to investigate the mechanism of liquid crystal (LC) alignment in polyimide (PI) films exposed to polarized ultraviolet (PUV) light. After PUV irradiation, we found preferential photodegradation of the PI molecules which were parallel to the PUV polarization direction. The remaining molecular chains of the PI were perpendicular to the PUV polarization direction.
P‐68: Influence of Polyamide Structures on Electrical Properties of Active‐Matrix Liquid‐Crystal Cells
Authors: Sato T. , Sawahata K. , Endo H. , Fukuro H.
Published: January 2005

The electrical properties of liquid crystal cells were estimated using various kinds of polyimide(PI) films. It is clarified that the PI structures and its layer structures affects electrical properties of LC cells. Based on the result, we developed a new alignment layers that exhibit a high voltage holding ratio and a low residual DC voltage at the same time.
P‐72: A New Polymer‐LC Dispersed Structure for Reflective Color LCDs
Authors: Yamada S. , Tsuchiya Y. , Yazaki M. , Sakata H. , Sonehara T.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a bright, full color reflective LCD called IRIS, Internal Reflection Inverted Scattering. IRIS incorporates a unique polymer‐LC composite system, where oriented polymer grains are dispersed in the LC. Investigating monomers and LC materials and a UV polymerization process, the composite system provides sufficient resistivity, thermal stability and light durability for active‐matrix LCDS.
P‐73: Reflective Color LCD Composed of Stacked Films of Encapsulated Liquid Crystal (SFELIC)
Authors: Sunohara K. , Naito K. , Shimizu S. , Akiyama M. , Tanaka M. , Nakai Y. , Sugahara A. , Taira K. , Iwanaga H. , Ohtake T. , Hotta A. , Enomoto S. , Yamada H.
Published: January 2005

A reflective color liquid crystal display (LCD), which dose not consume power for backlighting, is a key device for portable information equipment. A novel structure for three‐layered guest‐host (GH) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) has been proposed. The structure, called stacked films of encapsulated liquid crystal (SFELIC), has no intermediate substrates, and is expected to realize low cost and high brightness while eliminating parallax.
8.1:Invited Paper:Recent and Future Trends of CRT Technology
Authors: Arimoto N.
Published: January 2005

Although CRT technology is considered as mature, there is still remarkable progress being made.

Looking into recent trends, a lot of new technologies have been announced and introduced into commercial products such as Matsushita PF tube, Toshiba Micro Filter, NEC Chroma Clear, etc. This paper reviews recent technologies from each CRT element point of view. Future trends are discussed, which are necessary to make it possible for CRTs to survive in sandwiched competition between PDP.
P‐80: Controlling the Threshold Voltage of SSFLCDs Using Polymer Networks
Authors: Matsui H. , Miyata T. , IImura Y. , Kobayashi S. , Hasebe H. , Takatsu H.
Published: January 2005

In this research, we have reported a method to realize grayscale operation of SSFLCDs by controlling the threshold voltage of the samples. The control of the threshold voltage is achieved by forming liquid crystalline polymer networks in a FLC cell using a UV curable liquid crystalline monomer. It is found that the threshold voltage of the samples decreases with increasing the concentration of the doped monomer. These results indicate that, if the amount of the polymer network formed in a FLC medium is varied from a region to a region in one pixel, we can get a quasi‐multi‐stable SSFLCD, resulting in a grayscale operation of the device by a passive matrix addressing.
P‐81: Temperature Compensation of the Dynamic Drive Scheme for Bistable Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Gandhi J. , Yang D.‐K.
Published: January 2005

The parameters of the 3‐phase dynamic drive scheme depend on the transitions among cholesteric textures, which themselves are strongly temperature dependent. Temperature compensation must be made in order for the drive scheme to work in a wide temperature region. We have developed a compensation method in which the frequency of the driver clock is the only parameter that is required to be adjusted with temperature. Using this simple method, we have achieved consistently high contrast ratio of the display in a wide temperature region.
P‐82: Cumulative Drive Schemes for Bistable Reflective Cholesteric LCDs
Authors: Zhu Y. M. , Yang D.‐K.
Published: January 2005

We have designed drive schemes which can update gradually the content of a bistable reflective cholesteric display. These scheme make use of the “kicking” effect as in addressing STN displays. The cholesteric material is kicked from the planar texture to the focal conic texture step‐by‐step or vice versa. We have also developed a new cholesteric display cell structure which has a 2 ms homeotropic‐planar transition time. Using the new cell structure and the new drive scheme, we have achieved an addressing speed of 0.5 ms/line; the cholesteric display can be operated at a quasi‐video rate.
A Jones Matrix for Uniformly Twisted Crystals at Arbitrary Angles of View
Authors: Walker B. W.
Published: January 2005

Using a novel coordinate system the Jones M‐matrix for arbitrary direction of view is written for a uniaxial crystal. The Jones N‐matrix is then derived and integrated to an approximate Jones M‐matrix for a uniformly twisted nematic crystal. A transmission function for ideal polarizers is then derived from this matrix valid for all angles of incidence. This function reduces to the Gooch & Tarry solution at normal incidence.
Analytic 4×4 Propagation Matrices for Homogeneous Media
Authors: Yuan Haijun , Weinan E , Kosa Tamas , Palffy‐Muhoray P.
Published: January 2005

The propagation of light is described in terms of the amplitudes of the four propagating modes. Closed form analytic expressions are obtained for the 4×4 propagation matrices, based on exact solutions for the eigenmodes in general homogeneous media(5). The proposed method may be useful for calculating the transmittance of liquid crystal displays and other optical elements. We illustrate the method by calculating the transmittance of a planar cholesteric LC cell and the Kerr rotation of a lossy and optically active magneto‐optical layer.
3D Computer Simulations of Nematic and Cholesteric Cells
Authors: Shiyanovskii S. V. , Lavrentovich O. D.
Published: January 2005

The computer‐modeling program, that simulates 3‐dimensional liquid crystal structures and finds two‐or‐three‐dimensionally‐distorted nematic and cholesteric states, has been developed. The program allows for anisotropic elasticity K11 ≠ K22 ≠K33, pretilt angles on the boundaries, anisotropic surface polar and azimuthal anchoring, divergence elastic term K24, and electric and magnetic field effects. In the case when intrinsic periodic structures appear (such as stripes, cholesteric modulations) the developed scaling procedure finds self‐consistent periodicity of these structures. A relaxation finite differences method is employed for minimization of free energy. The core of program is written in the FORTRAN Power Station and tested on Pentium 166 and Pentium II 300. 2D and 3D graphic representations of the director are obtained with the Mathematica 3.0. The speed of calculations, ∼ 2*105meshes*iterations/minute on Pentium 166 is sufficient to find the equilibrium 2D and 3D structures on a modest PC and to optimize devices such as small pixels in displays or diffractive gratings based on modulated cholesteric structures
Akzo Nobel Twistar™: LCP‐Retarder Films with Improved Temperature‐Matched Compensation
Authors: Bosma M.
Published: January 2005

Twistar™ is Akzo Nobel's LCP retarder which can provide full compensation of the birefringence effects of STN liquid crystalline displays, by using only a single, thin, polymer layer. The birefringence of Twistar™ decreases with increasing temperature giving this retarder the unique ability to provide full compensation of the display over a broad range of temperatures. The use of Twistar™ can considerably increase the maximum temperature at which a film‐compensated display can be used. Even for temperature‐critical applications in which currently only double cell STN (DSTN) displays can be used, Twistar™ can replace the compensation cell while maintaining the broad working temperature range. In this paper the Twistar™‐retarder will be described in detail. Experimental data of the temperature‐matched compensation of this retarder are given.
LP‐K: A Bistable Twist Cell Exhibiting Long‐Term Bistability Suitable for Page‐Sized Displays
Authors: Hoke C. D. , Bos P. J.
Published: January 2005

Polymer stabilization has been employed to solve the problem of long term bistability in the bistable twist cell. Polymer walls were formed around pixels to prevent the growth of the unwanted 180° twist state. This polymer stabilized bistable twist cell (PSBTC) exhibits sub‐millisecond addressing times and a wide window of long term bistability. These late breaking results represent a major development for this technology making it a suitable choice for an ultra‐low power high resolution document reader.
8.3: A High‐Defiection‐Sensitivity CDT with Rectangular Yoke
Authors: Sano Y. , Yokota M. , Kojima T. , Murata H. , Mori H.
Published: January 2005

A new system of CDT(Color Display Tube) yoke has been developed. In this system, not only the bulb cone and the horizontal and vertical coils of DY(Deflection Yoke), but also its core are transformed from a round shape to a substantially rectangular shape at the screen side of the DY. Owing to the reduction of the deflection current and the coil inductance, the deflection power has been reduced by 23% in comparison with a conventional round DY. and also, the 2M pixels display capability with 110kHz scanning frequency has been subsequently accomplished.
29.3: Performance Evaluation of a Glass‐Packaged FED Panel
Authors: Kwon S. J. , Ryu K. S. , Cho T. H. , Uh H. S. , Lee J. D.
Published: January 2005

In this study, we have described some evaluation results shown in the glass packaging of Si or Mo FEA. By measuring the emission current from a packaged FEA and comparing it with the calibrated values obtained from the measurement in test chamber, we could estimate a real vacuum level within the panel. In addition, by using this method which is called the emission current calibration method(ECCM), the activation effect of a getter was also evaluated. We have successfully displayed the packaged FED with 0.7 inch diagonal.
30.1: A 6‐bit‐Color VGA Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with Integrated Digital Data Drivers
Authors: Matsueda Y. , Ozawa T. , Kimura M. , Itoh T. , Kitawada K. , Nakazawa T. , Ohsima H.
Published: January 2005

A 4.7‐in. VGA low temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with integrated a 6‐bit digital data driver has been developed. New SC‐DAC with γ‐compensation function has realized a good gray scale and very low power consumption. We have succeeded in realizing a full digital interface with TTL level in the TFT driver to a conventional VGA controller for the first time.
31.1: Invited Paper: Reflective Color Display Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Hashimoto K. , Okada M. , Nishiguchi K. , Masazumi N. , Yamakawa E. , Taniguchi T.
Published: January 2005

A stacked type reflective color display using cholesteric liquid crystals has been developed. The display has high luminance and 512 color capability. This device also has display image memory features without a field owing to its intermediate multi‐stability. We will discuss a new fast addressing scheme and device constructions to obtain a intermediate stability and excellent color displaying characteristics.
8.4: Development of a 100° 41‐cm CDT with NEAT‐MDF Electron Gun
Authors: Iwata G. , Yoshioka H. , Shirai S.
Published: January 2005

41cm 100° deflection angle CDT (Color Display Tubes) with 24.3mm neck diameter is developed for reducing the CDT depth by about 40 mm, using NE.4T‐MDF electron guns. Increase of deflection power caused by large deflection angle is suppressed thanks to small neck size and improved deflection yoke design. Shadow mask and inner shield are improved to prevent deterioration of brightness uniformity and coior purity.
31.4: Cell Designs for Fast Reflective Cholesteric LCDS
Authors: Mi X.‐D. , Yang D.‐K.
Published: January 2005

We numerically study the dynamic process of transitions among textures in bistable cholesteric reflective displays, and analyze the effects of the parameters: surface anchoring, applied field, cell thickness, pitch and elastic constants. Our result shows that fast homeotropic‐planar transition, essential in order to use cholesteric liquid crystals in video rate operations, can be achieved using cells with homeotropic anchoring.
33.1: Invited Paper: Application of Sub‐Pixel Edge Detection to Generate Flash Correction Waveforms
Authors: Meade P. , Webb J. R.
Published: January 2005

Basic principles of conventional edge‐detection are reviewed, along with a detailed description of the sub‐pixel edge‐detection algorithms used by Display Laboratories. Special emphasis is given to the application of these principles to achieve rapid, highly accurate correction of color misconvergence in CRT‐based computer monitors which allow zone‐based alignment adjustment.
34.1: 100‐MHZ Active‐Matrix Electroluminescent Displays
Authors: Hsu J. , Hsueh F. L. , Stewart R. G. , ipri A. , Connor S. , Arbuthnot L. , Sproull W. , Aguilera M. , Green P. , Nguyen T. , Keyser T. , Schlesinger S. , Becker G. , Kagey D.
Published: January 2005

AMEL displays with 12μm×12μm pixels in a 1280×1024 array have been built and operated at 100MHz input data rates. The display accepts data at 100MHz on each of the 8 parallel inputs to support a total pixel data rate of over 800 megabits per second. These high data rates were achieved using a 1.2μm effective channel length body‐tied crystalline silicon TFTs fabricated on SOI. This is the highest data rate reported for any flat panel display.
34.2: High‐Luminance Thin‐Film EL Devices Using Mn‐Activated Multicomponent Oxide Phosphors
Authors: Minami T. , Kubota Y. , Miyata T. , Yamada H.
Published: January 2005

High‐luminance thin‐film electroluminescent devices have been newly developed using Mn‐activated multicomponent oxide phosphors. Multicolor emission was obtained by changing the composition of CaO:Mn‐Ga2O3:Mn phosphor; luminances of 2790 and 592 cd/m2 for yellow emission were obtained in a device using a phosphor with a CaO:Mn content of 50 molar%, when driven at 1 kHz and 60 Hz, respectively. Luminance of 4220 and 809 cd/m2 for green emission were obtained in a device using Zn2SiO4:Mn‐Zn2GeO4:Mn phosphor with a Zn2GeO4:Mn content of 25 mol%, when driven at 1 kHz and 60 Hz, respectively. A high driving frequency has been demonstrated effective for oxide phosphor TFEL devices.
9.1: Development of a 5.1 Inch Field Emission Display
Authors: Newman S. , Smith R. , Penn C.
Published: January 2005

A 5.1‐inch, high voltage, full‐color, quarter VGA field emission display (FED) has been developed for use in applications requiring high brightness, wide viewing angle, and thin package space. The display is an engineering platform used to further develop the FED and associated technologies. The Spindt tip array, with a pixelated anode, produces a uniform, crisp image. Thin, modular, low power electronics drive the display. A NTSC controller is included in the display and simplifies user operation using standard interfaces.
35.2: Sub‐Notebook a‐Si Color SVGA Display with integrated Drivers
Authors: Cuomo F. P. , Stewart R. G. , Huq R. , Greening B. , Kane M. G. , Jose D. , Meyer T. , Ipri A. C.
Published: January 2005

We have successfully designed and fabricated a SASID SVGA 8.4V AMLCD display. This is the largest Self‐scanned Amorphous Silicon Integrated Display (SASID) built to date for use in laptop computers and PDAs. New circuits have been added for threshold drift cancellation to extend lifetime and special bussing techniques were used to reduce power dissipation.
35.3: A High‐Aperture and High‐Reliability Full‐Color TFT‐LCD
Authors: Zhong J. Z. Z. , den Boer W. , Byun Y. H. , Gu T. , Brinkley R. , Thomsen S. V.
Published: January 2005

A high‐aperture 6.25×6.25 in. full‐colora‐Si TFT LCD with 1024×1024 dots and 164 lpi resolution has been fabricated. The high aperture ratio is achieved by overlapping the ITO pixel electrode and bus line using a photo‐sensitive polymer. This AMLCD has been incorporated with an ultra‐low reflectance black matrix and an optical compensation film for high‐quality performance.
36.3: A Faster Switching Regime for Zenithal Bistable Nematic Displays
Authors: Rudin J. C.
Published: January 2005

A simpler and faster switching regime for Zenithal Bistable Nematic displays is reported. A cell, based on homeotropic alignment of nematic liquid crystal over a continuous blazed monograting on one surface, can be switched using bipolar pulses an order of magnitude faster than monopolar pulses of the same voltage. We propose that this regime relies on simple dielectric coupling to drive the cell into a higher energy state with a long pulse time, and the relaxation into a lower energy state after the creation of surface defects from a shorter applied pulse. Although flexoelectric effects are observed, they do not form the basis of state selection as was proposed for the monopolar pulses.
Autostereoscopic Properties of Spherical Panoramic Virtual Displays
Authors: Kintz Gregory J.
Published: January 2005

A spherical panoramic virtual display is a wide field of view display based on a unique optical system and projector technology. The display has an autostereoscopic mode of operation which provides a high contrast ratio stereo image. The effects of head motion and field of view are discussed.
49.1: Improved Zinc‐Sulfide‐Type Phosphors by a Novel Synthetic Method
Authors: Davies D. A. , Vecht A. , Rose J. A. , Marsh P. J. , Gibbons C. S. , Silver J. , Morton D. , Blomquist S. , Ravihandren R.
Published: January 2005

A novel, quick, and “clean”, method has been developed for the preparation of zinc sulfide phosphors for CRT and FED applications. The method involves the addition of a solution of sulfur in hydrazine monohydrate to a zinc salt solution, which results in precipitation of zinc sulfide, Firing this material has resulted in bright, efficient phosphors with improved luminescent properties between 500–15,000 eV, particularly for copper and silver activated ZnS.
Performance and Production of Micron‐Sized Spherical Powders for Display Applications
Authors: Dimeler Jennifer , Hering Ralph , Quick Robert , Caruso James , Hampden‐Smith Mark , Kodas Toivo , Kunze Klaus , Ludviksson Audunn , Pennino Scott , Skamser Dan
Published: January 2005

SMP is producing spherical, micron‐sized, controlled size distribution powders that can be deposited by conventional and advanced deposition techniques to produce densely packed powder layers. This presentation focuses on the production, deposition methods, characteristics and performance of these phosphor powders used in miniature CRT displays.