bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JAMMING TRANSITION OF POINT-TO-POINT TRAFFIC THROUGH CO-OPERATIVE MECHANISMS
Authors: FANG JUN , QIN ZHENG , CHEN XIQUN , XU ZHAOHUI
Published: September 2012

We study the jamming transition of two-dimensional point-to-point traffic through co-operative mechanisms (DCM) using computer simulation. We propose two decentralized co-operative mechanisms CM which are incorporated into the point-to-point traffic models: stepping aside (CM-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CM-CAR). Incorporating CM-SA is to prevent a type of ping-pong jumps from happening when two objects standing face-to-face want to move in opposite directions. Incorporating CM-CAR is to handle the conflict when more than one object competes for the same point in parallel update. We investigate and compare four models mainly from fundamental diagrams, jam patterns and the distribution of co-operation probability. It is found that although it decreases the average velocity a little, the CM-SA increases the critical density and the average flow. Despite increasing the average velocity, the CM-CAR decreases the average flow by creating substantially vacant areas inside jam clusters. We investigate the jam patterns of four models carefully and explain this result qualitatively. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized co-operation modeling.
ROVIBRATIONAL BOUND STATES OF THE Ar2Ne COMPLEX
Authors: YANG BENHUI , POIRIER BILL
Published: September 2012

We report exact quantum dynamics calculations of the eigenstate energy levels for the bound rovibrational states of the Ar2Ne complex, across the range of J values for which such states are observed (J = 0–35). All calculations have been carried out using the ScalIT suite of parallel codes. These codes employ a combination of highly efficient methods, including phase-space optimized discrete variable representation, optimal separable basis, and preconditioned inexact spectral transform (PIST) methods, together with an effective massive parallelization scheme. The Ar2Ne energy levels were computed using a pair-wise Aziz potential plus a three-body correction, in Jacobi co-ordinates. Effective potentials for the radial co-ordinates are constructed, which reveal important physical insight into the two distinct dissociation pathways, Ar2Ne → NeAr + Ar and Ar2Ne → Ar2 + Ne . A calculation of the bound vibrational (J = 0) levels, computed using the Tang–Toennies potential, is also performed for comparison with results from the previous literature.
FRICTIONLESS TRANSPORT OF SOLID HELIUM WITH HIGH SHEAR VISCOSITY IN NANODOMAINS
Authors: CHU W. KWANG-HUA
Published: September 2012

We adopted the verified quantum chemistry approach to demonstrate the possible frictionless transport of solid He -4 with high shear viscosity in a confined 3 nm (diameter) nanopore. Both the sharp decrease of flow resistance and sudden increase of shear viscosity of solid 4He in nanodomains near the onset of possible supersolidity are illustrated.
Interplay between fracturing and hydrothermal fluid flow in the Asón Valley hydrothermal dolomites (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, Spain)
Authors: Iriarte E. , López-Horgue M. A. , Schroeder S. , Caline B.
Published: September 2012

In Asón Valley hydrothermal dolomite area (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain), an overlapping stepover area between two major basement faults, the Cabuerniga and Ruahermosa transtensional faults, was the location for different scales and types of extensive fractures. This fracture mesh affected the Albian Ranero limestone and was formed in a dilational jog, a regional fluid throughflow area. It acted as pathway for overpressured fluids that controlled the dolomite mineralization in the Ranero massif area. The study of synchronous structural features, fluid flow channelling and dolomitization processes indicated their tectonic control. The fluid circulated and concentrated preferentially in more fractured areas with increased permeability, such as extensional chimneys, creating dolomite bodies. Repeated extensive tectonic activity enhanced fracture porosity, promoting overpressured fluid migration and cyclical dolomitization events. The studied fracture pattern suggests the presence of sinistral transtension during the formation of extensional joint-sets that channellized the mineralizing fluid-flow. A gradation in structural features and dolomite facies and textures is visible from the main Pozalagua fault dolomite body to peripheral dolomite bodies as the Breccia body and Ranero megajoints. These differences could reflect a proximal–distal trend from the main fluid-flow area along the Pozalagua fault to the Ranero megajoints.
Price Responsiveness of Cigarette Demand in US: Retail Scanner Data (1994–2007)
Authors: Adhikari Bishwa B. , Zhen Chen , Kahende Jennifer W. , Goetz Joshua , Loomis Brett
Published: September 2012

This paper investigates the changes in cigarette demand in response to the changes in cigarette prices; smokeless tobacco prices; adoption of clean indoor air laws (CIALs). We used an error-correction econometric method to estimate the cigarette sales adjustment path in response to changes in prices and CIAL coverage in the United States by utilizing scanner data from supermarkets. Finding from this study indicates that smokeless tobaccos are not perfect substitutes for cigarettes, but increases in the price of cigarettes are associated with an increase in smokeless tobacco sales. The error-correction econometric method suggest that the demand for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco is related to each other; a price increase in either product leads to an increase in demand for the other product. However, the adjustment paths are quite different; an increase in cigarette prices lowers cigarette sales in relatively faster rate than decreases in smokeless tobacco prices or adoption of smoke-free laws. Changes in cigarette demand in response to changes in cigarette prices occur relatively quickly; but the full effects of smokeless tobacco price change and the adoption of 100% smoke-free laws on cigarette demand take a longer time.
Modeling Approach for Determining Equivalent Optical Constants of Plastic Shading Nets under Solar Radiation Conditions
Authors: Abdel-Ghany A. M. , Al-Helal I. M.
Published: September 2012

The radiative properties of several plastic shading nets were measured under natural solar radiation conditions. We found that the plastic nets behave as homogeneous translucent materials (e.g., plastic film, plastic sheets, and glass). Based on this behavior, we suggest that it is possible to treat plastic nets as translucent materials and to characterize them with equivalent optical constants (i.e., equivalent refractive indexes,neq, and equivalent extinction coefficients,σeq). Here a physical model to determineneqandσeqof plastic nets was described in analogy to homogeneous translucent materials. We examined three groups of nets based on their color (black, black-green, and beige). Each group consisted of nets with four or five different porosities. Nets of each group had almost the same texture structure. For each group, we derived an equation forneqas a function of the net porosity and determined an average value forσeq. Once values ofneqandσeqwere determined, the solar radiative properties of a net could then be calculated fromneqandσeqfor any incident angle of solar beam radiation without the need of measurements. The present model was validated by comparing the calculated with the measured radiative properties of three nets at different incident angle of solar beam radiation. The calculated radiative properties reasonably agreed with measured values.
Haemothorax and Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Masteller Michael A. , Chauhan Aakash , Musunuru Harsha , Walsh Mark M. , Boyer Bryan , Prahlow Joseph A.
Published: September 2012

Both osteoporotic fractures and pleural effusions are frequently observed in medicine. However, rarely does one associate a hemorrhagic pleural effusion with a thoracic spinal fracture when the patient has not sustained massive trauma. In this paper, we discuss two cases where seemingly insignificant low-energy trauma precipitated massive haemothoraces in elderly patients with underlying osteoporosis, ultimately resulting in their immediate causes of death. This paper serves to remind health care professionals of the importance of using caution when moving elderly patients as well as to consider thoracic spinal fracture as a potential explanation for a hemorrhagic pleural effusion of undetermined etiology.
Failed Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Porhomayon Jahan , Papadakos Peter , Nader Nader D.
Published: September 2012

Failure to transition patient from controlled mechanical ventilation to spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) in a timely fashion is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. In addition, weaning failures are common in patients with limited cardiac reserves. Recent advances in cardiac echocardiography and laboratory measurement of serum biomarkers to assess hemodynamic response to SBT may provide additional information to guide clinicians to predict weaning outcome.
Controllability and Observability Criteria for Linear Piecewise Constant Impulsive Systems
Authors: Shi Hong , Xie Guangming
Published: September 2012

Impulsive differential systems are an important class of mathematical models for many practical systems in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and information science that exhibit impulsive dynamical behaviors due to abrupt changes at certain instants during the dynamical processes. This paper studies the controllability and observability of linear piecewise constant impulsive systems. Necessary and sufficient criteria for reachability and controllability are established, respectively. It is proved that the reachability is equivalent to the controllability under some mild conditions. Then, necessary and sufficient criteria for observability and determinability of such systems are established, respectively. It is also proved that the observability is equivalent to the determinability under some mild conditions. Our criteria are of the geometric type, and they can be transformed into algebraic type conveniently. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of our criteria.
A Solvent-Free Protocol for the Green Synthesis of 5-Arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones Using Ethylenediamine Diacetate as Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Zhou Zhongqiang
Published: September 2012

A simple and efficient synthesis of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones by the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with 2,4-thiazolidinedione catalyzed by ethylenediamine diacetate under solvent-free conditions is described. The major advantages of this method are simple experimental and work-up procedures, solvent-free reaction conditions, small amount of catalyst, short reaction time, high yields, and utilization of an inexpensive and reusable catalyst.
Role of Inflammation in Endophthalmitis
Authors: Vallejo-Garcia J. L. , Asencio-Duran M. , Pastora-Salvador N. , Vinciguerra P. , Romano M. R.
Published: September 2012

Inflammation originating from infection of the vitreous cavity is called endophthalmitis. Attention has been focused on the epidemiologic, microbiologic reports, and treatment options; unfortunately, the role of the host immune reaction in the visual function damage is still not well understood. Endophthalmitis occurs most frequently after cataract surgery. In this paper we review the published literature regarding inflammatory mediators and apoptosis during the course of endophthalmitis. Toll-like receptors, cytokines, high-mobility group box 1 proteins, aB-crystallin and apoptosis have been studied during clinical and experimental cases of endophthalmitis. Further understanding of the host-immune reaction to vitreous infection is essential for the development of new therapies. The use of intravitreal antibiotics and corticosteroids, vitrectomy and systemic antibiotics for the preservation of visual function is still discouraging.
Persistence of the Sciatic Artery: A Case Report of a Combined (Complete and Incomplete) Type Causing Leg Ischemia
Authors: Cavallo Marincola Beatrice , Napoli Alessandro , Anzidei Michele , Marotta Eugenio , Boni Fabrizio , Cartocci Gaia , Bertaccini Luca , Noce Vincenzo , Antonietta Pacilé Maria , Catalano Carlo
Published: September 2012

Persistent sciatic artery is a very uncommon embryologic vascular variant, with a prevalence of 0.05% based on angiographic studies. Two different types of this anomaly can occur, complete or incomplete, on the basis of the relationship between sciatic artery and femoral artery. Although many of these patients are asymptomatic, it may represent a threat to the viability of the lower extremity because of atherosclerotic degeneration resulting in aneurysmal dilatation, occlusive thrombosis, or embolic phenomena with distal complication. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with combined, complete and incomplete, type of persistent sciatic artery causing ischemic ulcer of the first toe.
Gene Expression Profiling in Dermatitis Herpetiformis Skin Lesions
Authors: Dolcino M. , Cozzani E. , Riva S. , Parodi A. , Tinazzi E. , Lunardi C. , Puccetti A.
Published: September 2012

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (CD). In order to investigate the pathogenesis of skin lesions at molecular level, we analysed the gene expression profiles in skin biopsies from 6 CD patients with DH and 6 healthy controls using Affymetrix HG-U133A 2.0 arrays. 486 genes were differentially expressed in DH skin compared to normal skin: 225 were upregulated and 261 were downregulated. Consistently with the autoimmune origin of DH, functional classification of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicates a B- and T-cell immune response (LAG3, TRAF5, DPP4, and NT5E). In addition, gene modulation provides evidence for a local inflammatory response (IL8, PTGFR, FSTL1, IFI16, BDKRD2, and NAMPT) with concomitant leukocyte recruitment (CCL5, ENPP2), endothelial cell activation, and neutrophil extravasation (SELL, SELE). DEGs also indicate overproduction of matrix proteases (MMP9, ADAM9, and ADAM19) and proteolytic enzymes (CTSG, ELA2, CPA3, TPSB2, and CMA1) that may contribute to epidermal splitting and blister formation. Finally, we observed modulation of genes involved in cell growth inhibition (CGREF1, PA2G4, and PPP2R1B), increased apoptosis (FAS, TNFSF10, and BASP1), and reduced adhesion at the dermal epidermal junction (PLEC1, ITGB4, and LAMA5). In conclusion, our results identify genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of DH skin lesions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Dextran and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulphonic Acid
Authors: Azmeera Venkanna , Adhikary P. , Krishnamoorthi S.
Published: September 2012

A novel biodegradable graft copolymer of dextran (Dx) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS) was synthesized by grafting poly-AMPS chains onto dextran backbone by free radical polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator. Different amounts of AMPS were used to synthesize four different grades of graft copolymers with different side chain lengths. These grafted polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1HNMR, rheological technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). They exhibited efficient flocculation performance in kaolin suspension.
Literature Review and Clinical Presentation of Bilateral Acetabular Fractures Secondary to Seizure Attacks
Authors: Nehme Alexandre H. , Matta Jihad F. , Boughannam Alaa G. , Jabbour Fouad C. , Imad Joseph , Moucharafieh Ramzi
Published: September 2012

Central acetabular fracture dislocation is usually caused by high-energy external trauma. However, 26 cases that occurred as a result of a seizure attack appeared in the literature from 1970 to 2007, with the seizure attacks themselves caused by many different factors. In this setting, the central acetabular fracture not caused by direct trauma might initially remain unnoticed leading to a delayed diagnosis. In some cases, this may lead to death as a result of massive blood loss. We here present a case of bilateral central acetabular fracture dislocation as a result of a seizure attack.
Value of C-Reactive Protein in Predicting Left Ventricular Remodelling in Patients with a First ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Swiatkiewicz Iwona , Kozinski Marek , Magielski Przemyslaw , Fabiszak Tomasz , Sukiennik Adam , Navarese Eliano Pio , Odrowaz-Sypniewska Grazyna , Kubica Jacek
Published: September 2012

Objective. To assess the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting postinfarct left ventricular remodelling (LVR).Methods.We measured in-hospital plasma CRP concentrations in patients with a first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Results. LVR was present at 6 months in 27.8% of 198 patients. CRP concentration rose during the first 24 h, mainly in LVR group. The prevalence of LVR was higher in patients from the highest quartile of CRP concentrations at 24 h as compared to those from any other quartile (odds ratio (OR) 3.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.76–6.88). Multivariate analysis identified CRP concentration at 24 h (OR for a 10 mg/L increase 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60), B-type natriuretic peptide at discharge (OR for a 100 pg/mL increase 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39), body mass index (OR for a 1 kg/m2increase 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (OR for a 1 mL increase 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99) as independent predictors of LVR. The ROC analysis revealed a limited discriminative value of CRP (area under the curve 0.61; 95% CI 0.54–0.68) in terms of LVR prediction.Conclusions. Measurement of CRP concentration at 24 h after admission possesses a significant but modest value in predicting LVR after a first STEMI.
Exact Asymptotic Expansion of Singular Solutions for the (2 + 1)‐D Protter Problem
Authors: Dechevski Lubomir , Popivanov Nedyu , Popov Todor
Published: September 2012

We study three‐dimensional boundary value problems for the nonhomogeneous wave equation, which are analogues of the Darboux problems in ℝ2. In contrast to the planar Darboux problem the three‐dimensional version is not well posed, since its homogeneous adjoint problem has an infinite number of classical solutions. On the other hand, it is known that for smooth right‐hand side functions there is a uniquely determined generalized solution that may have a strong power‐type singularity at one boundary point. This singularity is isolated at the vertex of the characteristic light cone and does not propagate along the cone. The present paper describes asymptotic expansion of the generalized solutions in negative powers of the distance to this singular point. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of solutions with a fixed order of singularity and give a priori estimates for the singular solutions.
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lun Hon Kam , Leung Alexander K. C.
Published: September 2012

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) refers to a clinical spectrum of cutaneous, cardiac, and systemic abnormalities observed in newborn infants whose mothers have autoantibodies against Ro/SSA and La/SSB. The condition is rare and usually benign and self-limited but sometimes may be associated with serious sequelae. We review the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of infants with this condition. Neonates with NLE should be managed at a tertiary care center. Multidisciplinary team involvement may also be indicated. In mothers with anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies and infants with congenital heart block, the risk of recurrence in subsequent offspring is 17–25%. Therefore, careful monitoring of subsequent pregnancies with serial ultrasonography and echocardiography is essential.
Rapid Multiorgan Dissemination of Low-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Murahashi Yasutaka , Kaya Mitsunori , Soma Tamotsu , Sasaki Mikito , Nagoya Satoshi , Wada Takuro , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: September 2012

Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most common sarcomas in the extremities of elderly people. It is characterized by a high frequency of local recurrence due to an infiltrative growth property. In contrast, the overall risk of distant metastases is generally low. This makes the prognosis for the patients with myxofibrosarcoma definitely good. In this paper, we will report the case of a 79-year-old female with very aggressive metastatic low-grade myxofibrosarcoma. The disease progression was really unexpected and misled every possible medical interpretation, leading to rapid worsening of the patient's clinical conditions and no chance for therapy. The tumor developed diffuse infiltration in lung, spine, skeletal bone, abdomen, paravertebral muscles, and liver. The patient died 8 months after the diagnosis of remote metastases due to rapid tumor progression.
Normal Criterion Concerning Shared Values
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Yingying , Zeng Jiwen , Tian Honggen
Published: September 2012

We study normal criterion of meromorphic functions shared values, we obtain the following. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D, such that function f ∈ F has zeros of multiplicity at least 2, there exists nonzero complex numbers bf, cf depending on f satisfying (i)  bf/cf is a constant;  (ii)min {σ(0, bf), σ(0, cf), σ(bf, cf) ≥ m} for some m > 0;   or , then F is normal. These results improve some earlier previous results.
On Modelling of Two‐Wire Transmission Lines with Uniform Passive Ladders
Authors: Kandić D. B. , Reljin B. D. , Reljin I. S.
Published: September 2012

In the paper we presented new results in incremental network modelling of two‐wire lines in frequency range [0,3] [GHz], by the uniform RLCG ladders with frequency dependent RL parameters, which are analyzed by using PSPICE. Some important frequency limitations of the proposed approach have been pinpointed, restricting the application of developed models to steady‐state analysis of RLCG networks transmitting the limited‐frequency‐band signals. The basic intention of this approach is to circumvent solving of telegraph equations or application of other complex, numerically demanding procedures in determining line steady‐state responses at selected equidistant points. The key to the modelling method applied is partition of the two‐wire line in segments with defined maximum length, whereby a couple of new polynomial approximations of line transcendental functions is introduced. It is proved that the strict equivalency between the short‐line segments and their uniform ladder counterparts does not exist, but if some conditions are met, satisfactory approximations could be produced. This is illustrated by several examples of short and moderately long two‐wire lines with different terminations, proving the good agreement between the exactly obtained steady‐state results and those obtained by PSPICE simulation.
Lattice Copies ofℓ2inL1of a Vector Measure and Strongly Orthogonal Sequences
Authors: Jiménez Fernández E. , Sánchez Pérez E. A.
Published: September 2012

Letmbe anℓ2-valued (countably additive) vector measure and consider the spaceL2(m) of square integrable functions with respect tom. The integral with respect tomallows to define several notions of orthogonal sequence in these spaces. In this paper, we center our attention in the existence of stronglym-orthonormal sequences. Combining the use of the Kadec-Pelczyński dichotomy in the domain space and the Bessaga-Pelczyński principle in the range space, we construct a two-sided disjointification method that allows to prove several structure theorems for the spacesL1(m) andL2(m). Under certain requirements, our main result establishes that a normalized sequence inL2(m) with a weakly null sequence of integrals has a subsequence that is stronglym-orthonormal inL2(m∗), wherem∗is anotherℓ2-valued vector measure that satisfiesL2(m) = L2(m∗). As an application of our technique, we give a complete characterization of when a space of integrable functions with respect to anℓ2-valued positive vector measure contains a lattice copy ofℓ2.
Virtual Network Embedding: A Hybrid Vertex Mapping Solution for Dynamic Resource Allocation
Authors: Razzaq Adil , Hidell Markus , Sjödin Peter
Published: September 2012

Virtual network embedding (VNE) is a key area in network virtualization, and the overall purpose of VNE is to map virtual networks onto an underlying physical network referred to as a substrate. Typically, the virtual networks have certain demands, such as resource requirements, that need to be satisfied by the mapping process. A virtual network (VN) can be described in terms of vertices (nodes) and edges (links) with certain resource requirements, and, to embed a VN, substrate resources are assigned to these vertices and edges. Substrate networks have finite resources and utilizing them efficiently is an important objective for a VNE method. This paper analyzes two existing vertex mapping approaches—one which only considers if enough node resources are available for the current VN mapping and one which considers to what degree a node already is utilized by existing VN embeddings before doing the vertex mapping. The paper also proposes a new vertex mapping approach which minimizes complete exhaustion of substrate nodes while still providing good overall resource utilization. Experimental results are presented to show under what circumstances the proposed vertex mapping approach can provide superior VN embedding properties compared to the other approaches.
Nanoscale Plasmonic Devices Based on Metal-Dielectric-Metal Stub Resonators
Authors: Huang Yin , Min Changjun , Yang Liu , Veronis Georgios
Published: September 2012

We review some of the recent research activities on plasmonic devices based on metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators for manipulating light at the nanoscale. We first introduce slow-light subwavelength plasmonic waveguides based on plasmonic analogues of periodically loaded transmission lines and electromagnetically induced transparency. In both cases, the structures consist of a MDM waveguide side-coupled to periodic arrays of MDM stub resonators. We then introduce absorption switches consisting of a MDM plasmonic waveguide side-coupled to a MDM stub resonator filled with an active material.
A Similarity Invariant and the Commutant of some Multiplication Operators on the Sobolev Disk Algebra
Authors: Zhao Ruifang
Published: September 2012

LetR(𝔻)be the algebra generated in Sobolev spaceW22(𝔻)by the rational functions with poles outside the unit disk𝔻¯. In this paper, we study the similarity invariant of the multiplication operatorsMginℒ(R(𝔻)), whengis univalent analytic on𝔻orMgis strongly irreducible. And the commutants of multiplication operators whose symbols are composite functions, univalent analytic functions, or entire functions are studied.
Literacy in Limbo? Performance of Two Reading Promotion Schemes in Public Basic Schools in Ghana
Authors: Opoku-Amankwa Kwasi , Brew-Hammond Aba , Mahama Anatu Kande
Published: September 2012

This paper examines two literacy development programmes in basic school classrooms in Ghana: a books scheme for primary schools, mounted by the Ministry of Education in 1998 with support from the Department for International Development, UK, (DfID), and a reading assessment programme (Opoku-Amankwa and Brew-Hammond, 2011) aimed at promoting reading and improving quality of education especially at the basic level. The study reveals that very little is known about the two schemes, pupils’ access to the books is generally poor, and teachers interpret and implement the reading assessment programme in a range of ways according to their understanding. The paper recommends a detailed qualitative and quantitative study of the schemes to assist in future book development and literacy programmes.
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Münevveroglu A. P. , Akgöl B. B.
Published: September 2012

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome or Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, and mental deficiency. A seven-year-old girl had come to the Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey, with a complaint of caries and bleeding of gingivae. The patient was mentally retarded. Extraoral features revealed distinctive facial appearance with a broad fore head, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and beaked nose. Intraoral features observed were talons cusps in the upper lateral incisors, carious teeth, and plaque accumulation. Since the patient was mentally retarded, the dental treatment was done under GA. The treatment plan and dental management of this patient are discussed in this case report.
Real-Time Communications in Autonomic Networks: System Implementation and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Tselios C. , Papageorgiou C. , Birkos K. , Politis I. , Dagiuklas T.
Published: September 2012

This paper describes the design and prototype implementation of a communication platform aiming to provide voice and video communication in a distributed networking environment. Performance considerations and network characteristics have also been taken into account in order to provide the set of properties dictated by the sensitive nature and the real-time characteristics of the targeted application scenarios. The proposed system has been evaluated both by experimental means as well as subjective tests taken by an extensive number of users. The results show that the proposed platform operates seamlessly in two hops, while in the four hops scenario, audio and video are delivered with marginal distortion. The conducted survey indicates that the user experience in terms of Quality of Service has obtained higher scores in the scenario with the two hops.
Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: Important Immunoregulatory Factors Contributing to Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis
Authors: Sultani Masooma , Stringer Andrea M. , Bowen Joanne M. , Gibson Rachel J.
Published: September 2012

“Mucositis” is the clinical term used to describe ulceration and damage of the mucous membranes of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) following cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, vomiting, and constipation resulting in both a significant clinical and financial burden. Chemotherapeutic drugs cause upregulation of stress response genes includingNFκB,that in turn upregulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). These proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for initiating inflammation in response to tissue injury. Anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are also released to limit the sustained or excessive inflammatory reactions. In the past decade, intensive research has determined the role of proinflammatory cytokines in development of mucositis. However, a large gap remains in the knowledge of the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the setting of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This critical paper will highlight current literature available relating to what is known regarding the development of mucositis, including the molecular mechanisms involved in inducing inflammation particularly with respect to the role of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as provide a detailed discussion of why it is essential to consider extensive research in the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in chemotherapy-induced mucositis so that effective targeted treatment strategies can be developed.
Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Smart Grid: Recent Trends and Challenges
Authors: Liu Yide
Published: September 2012

Smart grid revolutionizes the current electric power infrastructure by integrating with communication and information technologies. With wireless sensor network, smart grid enables both utilities and customers to transfer, monitor, predict, and manage energy usage effectively and costly. However, the increased application of wireless sensor network also introduce new security challenges, especially related to privacy, connectivity, and security management, causing unpredicted expenditure and disaster to both utilities and consumers. In order to build a reliable wireless sensor network for smart grid, an application review and taxonomy of relevant cyber security and privacy issues is presented in this paper. A unified framework for identification of applications and challenge issues of wireless sensor network in smart grid is developed. Future research directions are discussed at the end of this paper.
A Diagnosis-Based Clustering and Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zhang Shukui , Fan Jianxi
Published: September 2012

In wireless sensor networks, it is of great importance for fault diagnosis to ensure the gathering information accuracy and reduce energy additionally consumed by faulty nodes, for the deployment of a large number of sensor nodes in hostile environment. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient data collection protocol which consists of clustering and multipath routing. Clustering based on fault diagnosis eliminates the possibility of cluster heads (CHs) acting by faulty nodes which reduce energy consumption and fault information transmission. Multipath routing provided by directed acyclic graph (DAG) increases system fault tolerance. Furthermore, clustering and multihop routing consider residual energy and routing cost, respectively; thus balanced energy consumption is achieved. Performance analysis shows that the message complexity disseminated in clustering and fault diagnosis is acceptable. Simulations demonstrate that the protocol has better energy efficiency compared with other related protocols.
Streets Apart: Does Social Capital Vary with Neighbourhood Design?
Authors: Wood Lisa , Giles-Corti Billie , Bulsara Max
Published: September 2012

While neighbourhood differences in social capital have been mapped, few empirical studies have considered the nexus between specific physical characteristics of communities and social capital. In this study we hypothesised that social capital would be positively associated with a more walkable street network design, but inversely associated with negative experiences and perceptions of neighbourhood environments. Data was gathered through a random cross-sectional telephone survey of adults (n=339) from three suburbs with differing street network design. Although there was some relationship between street network layout and social capital, this was not always as hypothesised by previous studies. Perceived incivilities, lower levels of trust and support were among factors that may have countered some of the positive influences of a walkable street network design on social capital. Overall, our findings suggest that the built environment may influence neighbourhood social capital at both a real and perceived level. While the actual presence and type of facilities, neighbourhood design and walkability may impact on social capital formation and maintenance, so too can perceptions of the physical and social environment. Understanding the complex intertwining of physical neighbourhood features, perceptions and social dynamics is relevant to growing public policy interest in strengthening social capital for enhanced community wellbeing.
Glioma Revisited: From Neurogenesis and Cancer Stem Cells to the Epigenetic Regulation of the Niche
Authors: de Almeida Sassi Felipe , Lunardi Brunetto Algemir , Schwartsmann Gilberto , Roesler Rafael , Abujamra Ana Lucia
Published: September 2012

Gliomas are the most incident brain tumor in adults. This malignancy has very low survival rates, even when combining radio- and chemotherapy. Among the gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type, and patients frequently relapse or become refractory to conventional therapies. The fact that such an aggressive tumor can arise in such a carefully orchestrated organ, where cellular proliferation is barely needed to maintain its function, is a question that has intrigued scientists until very recently, when the discovery of the existence of proliferative cells in the brain overcame such challenges. Even so, the precise origin of gliomas still remains elusive. Thanks to new advents in molecular biology, researchers have been able to depict the first steps of glioma formation and to accumulate knowledge about how neural stem cells and its progenitors become gliomas. Indeed, GBM are composed of a very heterogeneous population of cells, which exhibit a plethora of tumorigenic properties, supporting the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in these tumors. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how gliomas initiate and progress, taking into account the role of epigenetic modulation in the crosstalk of cancer cells with their environment.
Bifurcations of Nonconstant Solutions of the Ginzburg‐Landau Equation
Authors: Hirano Norimichi , Rybicki Sławomir
Published: September 2012

We study local and global bifurcations of nonconstant solutions of the Ginzburg‐Landau equation from the families of constant ones. As the topological tools we use the equivariant Conley index and the degree for equivariant gradient maps.
Laproscopic Management of Wandering Biliary Ascariasis
Authors: Jethwani Umesh , Singh G. J. , Sarangi P. , Kandwal Vipul
Published: September 2012

Ascariasis is one of the most common helminthic diseases in humans, occurring mostly in countries with low standards of public health and hygiene, thereby making ascariasis highly endemic in developing countries. In endemic areas, 30% of adults and 60–70% of children harbour the adult worm. Biliary ascariasis is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice. Conventional management involves endoscopic extraction of worm. We are reporting a rare case of ascaris which induced extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a young male who presented with acute cholangitis. The ascaris was removed by laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct. Postoperative period was uneventful.
Situation-Based Survey of Avian Influenza Viruses in Possible “Bridge” Species of Wild and Domestic Birds in Nigeria
Authors: Columba Teru Vakuru , Manu Shiiwua A. , Ahmed Gashash I. , Junaidu Kabir , Newman Scott , Nyager Joseph , Iwar Vivian N. , Mshelbwala Gideon M. , Joannis T. , Maina Junaidu A. , Apeverga Paul T.
Published: September 2012

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1 subtype) recurred in Nigeria after 9 months period of no reported case. A critical look at possible sources of the re-occurrence was desirable. The objective of this study was to determine whether avian influenza viruses were present at reasonably detectable levels (0.5%) in possible “bridge” species of wild and domestic birds. The study was conducted in 8 Nigerian states. A total of 403 birds from 40 species were sampled. Virus isolation was done in embryonated chicken eggs according to standard protocols. The test results were all negative for avian influenza viruses. The overall confidence interval (CI) calculated in R using the exact binomial confidence interval function was 0–0.007406. Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax) was the lowest sampled 0.3% (1/403) and Red-billed Firefinch (Lagonosticta senegala) the highest 11.7% (47/403). The limitations of the sample size and possibly designing effects on the study, as to make concrete conclusions were acknowledged. Species of wild birds, so identified in the study could be useful in future surveys. Furthermore, multidisciplinary and community oriented approach, blending targeted and passive surveillances was suggested. This approach was envisaged to bring about wider coverage of “bridge” species and clearer insight of their possible roles in avian influenza re-occurrences and spread in Nigeria.
Hepatic Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Stress-Related Gene Expression in Growing Mice Consuming a Low Dose ofTrans-10,cis-12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Authors: Li Jing , Viswanadha Srikant , Loor Juan J.
Published: September 2012

Dietarytrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (trans-10,cis-12-CLA) fed to obese and nonobese rodents reduces body fat but leads to greater liver mass due to steatosis. The molecular mechanisms accompanying such responses remain largely unknown. Our study investigated the effects of chronic lowtrans-10,cis-12-CLA supplementation on hepatic expression of 39 genes related to metabolism, inflammation, and stress in growing mice. Feeding a diet supplemented with 0.3%trans-10,cis-12-CLA (wt/wt basis) for 6 weeks increased liver mass and concentration of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in liver, while adipose tissue mass decreased markedly. These changes were accompanied by greater expression of genes involved in LCFA uptake (Cd36), lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis (Acaca,Gpam,Scd,Pck1,Plin2). Expression of these genes was in line with upregulation of the lipogenic transcription factorSrebf1. Unlike previous studies where higher >0.50% of the diet) doses oftrans-10,cis-12-CLA were fed, we found greater expression of genes associated with VLDL assembly/secretion (Mttp,Cideb), ketogenesis (Hmgcs2,Bdh1), and LCFA oxidation (Acox1,Pdk4) in response totrans-10,cis-12-CLA. Dietary CLA, however, did not affect inflammation- and stress-related genes. Results suggested that a chronic low dose of dietary CLA increases liver mass and lipid accumulation due to activation of lipogenesis and insufficient induction of LCFA oxidation and VLDL assembly/secretion.
A Criterion for the Fuzzy Set Estimation of the Regression Function
Authors: Fajardo Jesús A.
Published: September 2012

We propose a criterion to estimate the regression function by means of a nonparametric and fuzzy set estimator of the Nadaraya-Watson type, for independent pairs of data, obtaining a reduction of the integrated mean square error of the fuzzy set estimator regarding the integrated mean square error of the classic kernel estimators. This reduction shows that the fuzzy set estimator has better performance than the kernel estimations. Also, the convergence rate of the optimal scaling factor is computed, which coincides with the convergence rate in classic kernel estimation. Finally, these theoretical findings are illustrated using a numerical example.
Action-Oriented Study Circles Facilitate Efforts in Nursing Homes to “Go from Feeding to Serving”: Conceptual Perspectives on Knowledge Translation and Workplace Learning
Authors: Westergren Albert
Published: September 2012

Background. Action-oriented study circles (AOSC) have been found to improve nutrition in 24 nursing homes in Sweden. Little, however, is known about the conceptual use of knowledge (changes in staffs’ knowledge and behaviours).Methods. Qualitative and quantitative methods, structured questionnaires for evaluating participants’ (working in nursing homes) experiences from study circles (n=592, 71 AOSC) and for comparisons between AOSC participants (n=74) and nonparticipants (n=115). Finally, a focus group interview was conducted with AOSC participants (in totaln=12). Statistical, conventional, and directed content analyses were used.Results. Participants experienced a statistically significant increase in their knowledge about eating and nutrition, when retrospectively comparing before participating and after, as well as in comparison to non-participants, and they felt that the management was engaged in and took care of ideas regarding food and mealtimes to a significantly greater extent than non-participants. The use of AOSC was successful judging from how staff members had changed their attitudes and behaviours toward feeding residents.Conclusions. AOSC facilitates professional development, better system performance, and, as shown in previous studies, better patient outcome. Based on a collaborative learning perspective, AOSC manages to integrate evidence, context, and facilitation in the efforts to achieve knowledge translation in a learning organisation. This study has implications also for other care settings implementing AOSC.
Effect of Jet Inclination Angle and Hole Exit Shape on Vortical Flow Structures in Low-Reynolds Number Jet in Cross-Flow
Authors: Yao Yufeng , Maidi Mohamad , Yao Jun
Published: September 2012

Numerical studies have been performed to visualize vortical flow structures emerged from jet cross-flow interactions. A single square jet issuing perpendicularly into a cross-flow was simulated first, followed by two additional scenarios, that is, inclined square jet at angles of 30° and 60° and round and elliptic jets at an angle of 90°, respectively. The simulation considers a jet to cross-flow velocity ratio of 2.5 and a Reynolds number of 225, based on the free-stream flow quantities and the jet exit width in case of square jet or minor axis length in case of elliptic jet. For the single square jet, the vortical flow structures simulated are in good qualitative agreement with the findings by other researchers. Further analysis reveals that the jet penetrates deeper into the cross-flow field for the normal jet, and the decrease of the jet inclination angle weakens the cross-flow entrainment in the near-wake region. For both noncircular and circular jet hole shapes, the flow field in the vicinity of the jet exit has been dominated by large-scale dynamic flow structures and it was found that the elliptic jet hole geometry has maximum “lifted-off” effect among three hole configurations studied. This finding is also in good qualitative agreement with existing experimental observations.
Smart Localization Using a New Sensor Association Framework for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems
Authors: Ababsa F. , Zendjebil I. , Didier J.-Y. , Mallem M.
Published: September 2012

Augmented Reality (AR) aims at enhancing our the real world, by adding fictitious elements that are not perceptible naturally such as: computer-generated images, virtual objects, texts, symbols, graphics, sounds, and smells. The quality of the real/virtual registration depends mainly on the accuracy of the 3D camera pose estimation. In this paper, we present an original real-time localization system for outdoor AR which combines three heterogeneous sensors: a camera, a GPS, and an inertial sensor. The proposed system is subdivided into two modules: the main module is vision based; it estimates the user’s location using a markerless tracking method. When the visual tracking fails, the system switches automatically to the secondary localization module composed of the GPS and the inertial sensor.
Overview of Hepatocellular Adenoma in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: September 2012

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is generally a benign hepatocellular tumor arising in a nonfibrotic/cirrhotic liver, and recently four major subgroups were identified based on genotype and phenotype classification from Europe. HCA is rare in Asian countries including Japan, and there have been few studies regarding the subgroups of HCA in Japan. We surveyed subgroups of HCA in 13 patients (7 women) in Japan, based on the phenotypic classification. As results, we identified 2 hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1α-inactivated HCAs (15%), twoβ-catenin-activated HCAs (15%), 5 inflammatory HCAs (39%), and 4 unclassified HCAs (29%). The use of oral contraceptives was found only in 2 unclassified HCAs (29%). Rather low percentage of female patients and use of oral contraceptives appear to be common clinicopathological features in Japan and also East Asian countries. Furthermore, a group of possible inflammatory HCAs characterized by strong immunoreactivity for serum amyloid A (SAA) was found in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The inflammatory HCA/SAA-positive hepatocellular neoplasm in alcoholic cirrhosis may be a new entity of HCA, which may have potential of malignant transformation. Further studies are needed to clarify genetic changes, monoclonality, and pathogenesis of this new type of hepatocellular neoplasm.