bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Effects of Exosomes and their MicroRNA Carrier on Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Qi-Cheng , Li Ci , Zhang Wei , Pi Wei , Han Na
Published: January 2022

Osteoporosis is a common localized or systemic skeletal illness in the clinic, characterized by bone
production weakness and increased bone resorption, resulting in a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD),
and affecting mostly postmenopausal women. The risk of osteoporosis or even osteoporotic fracture increases
as age increases, putting more pressure on society and families. Although anti-osteoporosis drugs have been developed,
some side effects are still observed in the treatment group. Hence the need for more reasonable therapeutic
strategies. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted virtually by all types of cells
in vivo, which play an important role in intercellular communication. Compared with conventional drugs and
stem cells transplantation therapy, exosomes have apparent advantages of lower toxicity and immunogenicity.
Exosomes contain many functional molecules, such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), which
can be transferred into recipient cells to regulate a series of signaling pathways and influence physiological and
pathological behavior. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of exosomes and the therapeutic
potential of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts,
and macrophages in osteoporosis. Finally, a prospect of new treatment strategies for osteoporosis using new
biomaterial scaffolds combined with exosomes is also given.
Gut Microbiota as the Potential Mechanism to Mediate Drug Metabolism Under
High-altitude Hypoxia
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Guiqin , Yang Jianxin , Zhu Junbo , Li Xiangyang
Published: January 2022

Background:

The characteristics of pharmacokinetics and the activity and expression of drugmetabolizing
enzymes and transporters significantly change under a high-altitude hypoxic environment. Gut microbiota
is an important factor affecting the metabolism of drugs through direct or indirect effects, changing the
bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity of drugs and further affecting the efficacy and safety of drugs in vivo.
A high-altitude hypoxic environment significantly changes the structure and diversity of gut microbiota, which may
play a key role in drug metabolism under a high-altitude hypoxic environment.

Methods:

An investigation was carried out by reviewing published studies to determine the role of gut microbiota in
the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Data and information on expression change in gut
microbiota, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters under a high-altitude hypoxic environment were explored
and proposed.

Results:

High-altitude hypoxia is an important environmental factor that can adjust the structure of the gut microbiota
and change the diversity of intestinal microbes. It was speculated that the gut microbiota could regulate drugmetabolizing
enzymes through two potential mechanisms, the first being through direct regulation of the metabolism
of drugs in vivo and the second being indirect, i.e., through the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters,
thereby affecting the activity of drugs.

Conclusion:

This article reviews the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the gut microbiota and the effects of these
changes on drug metabolism.
Effects of Astragaloside IV on the Pharmacokinetics of Metoprolol in Rats and its
Mechanism
Authors: Shi Zhongbo , Jiang Junhao , Zhao Dezhang , Xie Baogang , Li Yan , Yu Chao
Published: January 2022

Backgrond:

Astragaloside IV (AST) and metoprolol are often used together to treat cardiovascular diseases,
while the herb-drug interaction (HDI) between them is still unclear.

Objective:

This study investigates the effect of AST on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in rats and its mechanism
to predict the HDI.

Method:

First, IC50 value of AST on nine CYP450 enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was determined by
the cocktail method. We explored the effect of AST on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol (metabolized by
CYP2D6) in vivo. Twelve male SD rats were equally divided into two groups, with or without pretreatment of AST
(3 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, and they received metoprolol (27 mg/kg) by oral administration. Blood samples were determined
using HPLC. Finally, the mechanism of AST was explored.

Results:

AST exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on CYP2D6 with IC50 value of 32.28 μM. The pharmacokinetic
parameters of metoprolol were significantly altered by AST with the increase of AUC0-∞ (538.81 ± 51.41 to 1088.34
± 86.46 μg*min/mL, P<0.05) and Cmax (6.21 ± 0.56 to 8.34 ± 0.87 μg/ml, P<0.05). The investigation of the mechanism
showed AST to be an irreversible inhibitor of CYP2D6 with KI value of 2.9 μM and Kinact of 0.018 min−1, respectively.

Conclusion:

AST was found to increase the plasma exposure of metoprolol in rats. AST reduced the metabolism of
metoprolol by inhibiting CYP2D6 activity. The HDI might enhance when metoprolol and AST will be applied in
combination.
Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment
to Dementia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Romero-Sevilla Raúl , López-Espuela Fidel , Fuentes José Manuel , de San Juan Beatriz Duque , Portilla-Cuenca Juan Carlos , Hijon Carmen Cámara , Casado-Naranjo Ignacio
Published: January 2022

Background:

The effect that cytokines can exert on the progression from mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) to ongoing dementia is a matter of debate and the results obtained so far are controversial.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of markers of subclinical inflammation on the progression of MCI to dementia.

Methods:

A prospective study involving a cohort of patients ≥ 65 years of age diagnosed with MCI and followed for 3 years was conducted. 105 patients were enrolled, and serum concentrations of several subclinical inflammatory markers were determined.

Results:

After 3.09 (2 - 3.79) years of follow-up, 47 (44.76%) patients progressed to dementia. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) was found to be significantly higher in patients who progressed to dementia (486.45 ± 169.18 vs. 400.91 ± 163.03; p = 0.012), and observed to significantly increase the risk of developing dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (1.004, 1.001-1.007; p= 0.007). IL-10 levels were significantly higher in those who remained stable (6.69 ± 18.1 vs. 32.54 ± 89.6; p = 0.04). Regarding the type of dementia to which our patients progressed, we found that patients who developed mixed dementia had higher IL-4 levels than those who converted to AD (31.54 ± 63.6 vs. 4.43 ± 12.9; p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to the ESR and LPa, CRP, IL-1 and TNF-α levels.

Conclusion:

ACT levels have a significant predictive value in the conversion of MCI to dementia. IL-10 levels could be a protective factor. It is necessary to conduct studies with serial determinations of these and other inflammatory markers in order to determine their effect on the progression of MCI to dementia.
Sulfonated Ethylenediamine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a
Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for the Green Synthesis of
2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones
Authors: Hakimi Fatemeh , Salimi Iman , Fallah-Mehrjardi Mehdi
Published: January 2022

In the present study, a new magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3-en-
SO3H/H2SO4, was prepared through the immobilization of sulfonated ethylenediamine on the silicacoated
magnetite nanoparticles. The catalyst was fully characterized by several physicochemical techniques,
including FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, EDS, VSM, XRD and TGA. The resultant nanocatalyst was
then utilized in the green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones via the cyclocondensation
reaction of various aldehydes and ketones with anthranilamide in refluxed EtOH. Short reaction times,
high product yields, environmentally friendly reaction conditions, simple operation and reusability of
the catalyst are important features of the present procedure. The catalyst can magnetically be recycled
and reused several times without notable loss in the activity.
Systemic Optimization and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation
of Ritonavir from Hybrid Polymeric Nanoparticles in Rat Plasma
Authors: Surendran Vijayaraj , Palei Narahari N. , Vanangamudi Murugesan , Madheswaragupta Prathap
Published: January 2022

Background:

Hybrid polymeric materials have been in research focus owing to their outstanding progression in drug targeting. A new Quality by Design approach by RP-HPLC was developed and validated for the estimation of hybrid polymeric nanoparticles of Ritonavir in rat plasma.

Objective:

The main objective of the present study was to develop and validate a simple, robust,
and accurate method by QbD approach for the detection of hybrid polymeric nanoparticles of Ritonavir (RTV) in plasma.

Methods:

The mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Acetonitrile: HPLC grade water (60:40
v/v), 1.0 ml/min flow rate and UV detection at 240 nm. Critical Analytical Attributes (CAAs)
were screened and selected by Taguchi orthogonal array model. Box-Behnken's three-level, the 3-
factorial design, was employed to create and analyze a "Design Space" (DoE). This design was
statistically analyzed by ANOVA, contour-plot, and 3D response surfaces plots, which demonstrated that the model was statistically significant. The developed method was validated as per the
ICH guidelines Q2 (R1).

Results:

The developed method showed excellent linearity between 100 and 600 ng/mL with
good regression (R2>0.998), LOD (10 ng/mL) and LOQ (30 ng/mL). The validation results of the
tested parameters were found within the acceptable limit.

Conclusion:

From the study, it was concluded that QbD driven bioanalytical method is suitable
for the in-vitro and in-vivo estimation of RTV from bulk as well as from hybrid polymeric nanoparticles formulation.
Herbal Approaches in the Management of Mental Depression
Authors: Garg Vandana , Garg Preeti , Alambayan Jyoti
Published: January 2022

Background:

Human’s existence has become more stressful these days, most likely for the
sake of improving one's lifestyle and fulfilling one's aspirations and needs. Depression is the most frequent
neurological disorder, which affects millions of individuals worldwide. In clinical research, depression
is the second most frequent chronic disease. A variety of herbal medications thought to have
antidepressant-like effects have been reported in ancient pharmacopoeias from around the world. These
provide several prospective chemicals that could be developed into modern mental medications
while also causing no noticeable negative effects.

Objective:

The review is written to provide herbal treatment and comprehensive information about depression.

Methods:

Plants and plant formulations that were found effective in the treatment of depression are
thoroughly reviewed. The antidepressant efficacies of medicinal plants, as well as their dosages, are
investigated using experimental models. The review article contains 140 plants possessing antidepressant
properties, 11 commercial formulations, and 25 active/isolated ingredients, as well as their chemical
structure, which have been thoroughly reviewed with antidepressant activity after studying 283
references.

Results:

Literature revealed that a variety of medicinal plants are effective for the treatment of depression
such as Hypericum perforatum, Catha edulis, Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Ferula foetida,
Rhodio larosea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Crocus sativus, Ocimumba silicum and Embelica officinalis.

Conclusion:

Potential compounds isolated from medicinal plants for the treatment of depressive
disorders need to be established and herbal plant research could aid in this endeavour.
Neuroendocrine Modulation of Food Intake and Eating Behavior
Authors: Iovino Michele , Messana Tullio , Lisco Giuseppe , Mariano Francesco , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: January 2022

Background:

In the first section of this review, we examined the neuroanatomical and neurochemical data on hunger and satiety centers, glucose receptors, sensorial influences on eating behavior, and regulation of energy requirements. The second section is devoted to orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones.

Objective:

This paper aimed to overview and summarize data regarding the role of neuroendocrine regulation of food intake and eating behavior.

Methods:

Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in MEDLINE/PubMed. References of original articles and reviews were examined.

Discussion and conclusion:

Hunger and satiety center are located in the lateral (LH) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Lasting aphagia has been observed following a lesion of LH, while hyperphagia is induced by LH stimulation. On the other hand, increased food intake after VMH lesion and aphagia following VMH stimulation in hungry animals has also been reported. Intracellular glucopenia triggers food intake by reducing neuronal activity at the satiety center level. Moreover, sensory influences are regulated by food palatability as the positive hedonic evaluation of food and energy requirement indicates the average amount of food energy needed to balance energy expenditure. Orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue regulate brain areas involved in eating behavior via gastric afferent vagal nerve, circumventricular organ area postrema, or transporter system. Finally, oxytocin (OT) plays a role in reward-related eating by inhibiting sugar intake and decreasing palatable food intake by suppressing the reward circuitry in the brain. Moreover, the anorectic effect of nesfatin-1 is abolished by an OT antagonist.
A Review of Recent Patents on Intelligent Bearings
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Wu Chuanwang , Pan Chengyi , Bao Yudong
Published: January 2022

Background:

The large amount of data generated by intelligent bearings still needs to be
processed manually, which results in low efficiency, untimely access to status and fault diagnosis
information, and a lack of the best maintenance period for machinery and equipment.

Objective:

By analyzing the research achievements and patents on intelligent bearings, a summary
of the development trend provides a reference for the development of intelligent bearings.

Method:

This paper introduces the key technologies associated with intelligent bearings and reviews
various representative patents relating to intelligent bearings. The advantages and disadvantages
of these patents are also analyzed.

Results:

At present, the development of intelligent bearing technology relies primarily on the sensor
bearing. Most intelligent bearing patents have utilized the bearing gap to best arrange monitoring
devices, and in some cases, the bearing structure has been changed to obtain the best arrangement.
These intelligent bearings can achieve a degree of self-monitoring. For the integration of detection
data processing and big data, research on the self-adaptation aspect of bearing is the initial step.

Conclusion:

Adapting to the host operation requirements is the direction of the development of intelligent
bearings, and this requires intelligent bearings to involve self-awareness, self-decision, selfdiagnosis,
and self-adaptation functions. In the future, these functions should be realized from the
perspectives of systematization, diversification of monitoring information, and intelligent data analysis.
Interleukin 6 Concentration in Synovial Fluid of Patients with Inflammatory
and Degenerative Arthritis
Authors: Mihailova Anna
Published: January 2022

Aim:

The present study aims to compare interleukin 6 concentration in synovial fluid in patients with known types of arthritis.

Background:

Persistent synovitis without known markers, such as Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPA), and genetic markers as HLA-B27, is not uncommon. It is valuable to determine the presence of chronic inflammation and put it in correlation with age-related changes, which are especially relevant for middle-aged patients with mono- or oligoarthritis, when the dilemma to start disease-modifying drugs for inflammatory disease often is present. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a significant role in chronic inflammation.

Objectives:

IL-6 concentration in synovial fluid reflects the presence and activity of joint inflamma-tion.

Methods:

Synovial fluid was obtained from 101 patients with chronic synovitis. IL-6 concentration was determined by the immunochemical luminescence method.

Results:

The median IL-6 concentration in synovial fluid in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) was 138.0 pg/ml (interquartile range (IQR) 43.4 to 296.0); in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 2516.5 pg/ml, (IQR 1136.0 to 25058.0); in reactive arthritis 2281.0 pg/ml (IQR 1392.0 to 8652.0); psoriatic arthritis 1964.0 pg/ml (IQR 754.0 to 7300.0); ankylosing spondylitis 2776.0 pg/ml (IQR 514.7, 3944.0); in a group with negative RF, ACPA and HLA-B27 inflammatory arthritis 2163.0 pg/ml (IQR 822.0 to 7875.0). There is statistically significant difference of IL-6 concentration com-paring OA and each inflammatory arthritis group, p<0.0001.

Conclusion:

IL-6 detection in the synovial fluid is helpful in arthritis evaluation. The results show that an IL-6 level over 1000 pg/ml suggests the diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis.
Electroporation: An Effective Method For In Vivo Gene Delivery
Authors: Nikyar Arash , Bolhassani Azam
Published: January 2022

Background:

Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, hereditary disorders, and some viral infections.
The development of efficient and safe gene delivery systems is essential for facilitating gene trans-fer to various organs and tissues in vivo.

Objective:

In this review, we briefly describe the principal mechanisms of gene delivery systems, particularly electroporation, and discuss the latest advancements in the application of electro-poration for in vivo gene transfer.

Methods:

A narrative review of all the relevant publication known to the authors was conducted.

Results:

In recent years, electroporation-based strategies have emerged as an auspicious and versa-tile platform for efficient and controlled delivery of various biomolecules, including nucleic acids. Applying electric pulses of enough magnitude leads to the formation of hydrophilic pores in the cell membrane and allows the entry of otherwise membrane-impermeant molecules, such as DNA. Alt-hough electroporation has been initially developed for in vitro transfection of cells, it has recently advanced to preclinical in vivo applications and finally to clinical trials.

Conclusion:

Electroporation has already entered the clinical practice for antitumor therapy and may be an essential part of future personalized treatments. Given the ability of electroporation to deliver multiple genes in a single event, it will also certainly be further developed both as a stand-alone de-livery approach and when coupled with other technologies.
Design of prada paint dulang craft drying machine to improve product quality and work productivity of dulang fiber crafters in Bangli regency
Authors: Mulawarman A. A. Ngurah Bagus
Published: January 2022

Dulang (Balinese Language) is a tool used by Hindus as a means in ceremonies to bring holy offerings of gebogan (like holy offerings) during a ceremony. Dulang is generally made of wood which is formed in such a way and given a color to beautify its appearance. The drying process is carried out outdoors during the day at around 12.00 - 1.00 pm for around 60 minutes with an ambient temperature of 30 - 34 ° C until the gold paint is dry. The process of drying gold paint requires a good heat temperature and drying evenly to get the results of good quality Prada paint. When the weather is cloudy or the rainy season the craftsman drying process can take place for one full day, other than that the quality of Prada (like gold color paint) is also not good that is less brilliant. Efforts to overcome this designed a gold paint drying machine. This drying machine is designed with a capacity of 4 pieces of fiber with 2 shelves.
Identifying Information Gaps in Electronic Health Records by Using Natural Language Processing: Gynecologic Surgery History Identification
Authors: Moon Sungrim , Carlson Luke A , Moser Ethan D , Agnikula Kshatriya Bhavani Singh , Smith Carin Y , Rocca Walter A , Gazzuola Rocca Liliana , Bielinski Suzette J , Liu Hongfang , Larson Nicholas B
Published: January 2022

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a rich source of longitudinal patient data. However, missing information due to clinical care that predated the implementation of EHR system(s) or care that occurred at different medical institutions impedes complete ascertainment of a patient’s medical history.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate information discrepancies and to quantify information gaps by comparing the gynecological surgical history extracted from an EHR of a single institution by using natural language processing (NLP) techniques with the manually curated surgical history information through chart review of records from multiple independent regional health care institutions.

Methods

To facilitate high-throughput evaluation, we developed a rule-based NLP algorithm to detect gynecological surgery history from the unstructured narrative of the Mayo Clinic EHR. These results were compared to a gold standard cohort of 3870 women with gynecological surgery status adjudicated using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records–linkage system. We quantified and characterized the information gaps observed that led to misclassification of the surgical status.

Results

The NLP algorithm achieved precision of 0.85, recall of 0.82, and F1-score of 0.83 in the test set (n=265) relative to outcomes abstracted from the Mayo EHR. This performance attenuated when directly compared to the gold standard (precision 0.79, recall 0.76, and F1-score 0.76), with the majority of misclassifications being false negatives in nature. We then applied the algorithm to the remaining patients (n=3340) and identified 2 types of information gaps through error analysis. First, 6% (199/3340) of women in this study had no recorded surgery information or partial information in the EHR. Second, 4.3% (144/3340) of women had inconsistent or inaccurate information within the clinical narrative owing to misinterpreted information, erroneous “copy and paste,” or incorrect information provided by patients. Additionally, the NLP algorithm misclassified the surgery status of 3.6% (121/3340) of women.

Conclusions

Although NLP techniques were able to adequately recreate the gynecologic surgical status from the clinical narrative, missing or inaccurately reported and recorded information resulted in much of the misclassification observed. Therefore, alternative approaches to collect or curate surgical history are needed.
An Accessible Communication System for Population-Based Genetic Testing: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Coffin Tara , Bowen Deborah , Swisher Elizabeth , Lu Karen , Rayes Nadine , Norquist Barbara , Blank Stephanie , Levine Douglas , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie , Fleming Gini , Olopade Olufunmilayo , D’Andrea Alan , Nebgen Denise , Peterson Christine , Munsell Mark , Gavin Kathleen , Lechner Rebecca , Crase Jamie , Polinsky Deborah , Romero Iris
Published: January 2022

Background

Genetic testing uptake is low, despite the well-established connection between pathogenic variants in certain cancer-linked susceptibility genes and ovarian cancer risk. Given that most major insurers cover genetic testing for those with a family history suggestive of hereditary cancer, the issue may lie in access to genetic testing. Remotely accessible web-based communication systems may improve awareness, and uptake, of genetic testing services.

Objective

This study aims to present the development and formative evaluation of the multistep web-based communication system required to support the implementation of, and access to, genetic testing.

Methods

While designing the multistep web-based communication system, we considered various barriers and facilitators to genetic testing, guided by dimensions of accessibility. In addition to conducting usability testing, we performed ongoing assessments focusing on the function of the web-based system and participant response rates, with the goal of continuing to make modifications to the web-based communication system as it is in use.

Results

The combined approach of usability testing and expert user experience consultation resulted in several modifications to the multistep web-based communication system, including changes that related to imagery and content, web accessibility, and general organization of the web-based system. All recommendations were made with the goal of improving the overall accessibility of the web-based communication system.

Conclusions

A multistep web-based communication system appears to be an effective way to address many potential barriers to access, which may otherwise make genetic testing difficult for at-risk individuals to participate in. Importantly, some dimensions of access were easy to assess before study recruitment, but other aspects of the communication system required ongoing assessment during the implementation process of the Making Genetic Testing Accessible study.
Identifying Information Gaps in Electronic Health Records by Using Natural Language Processing: Gynecologic Surgery History Identification (Preprint)
Authors: Moon Sungrim , Carlson Luke A , Moser Ethan D , Agnikula Kshatriya Bhavani Singh , Smith Carin Y , Rocca Walter A , Gazzuola Rocca Liliana , Bielinski Suzette J , Liu Hongfang , Larson Nicholas B
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a rich source of longitudinal patient data. However, missing information due to clinical care that predated the implementation of EHR system(s) or care that occurred at different medical institutions impedes complete ascertainment of a patient’s medical history.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate information discrepancies and to quantify information gaps by comparing the gynecological surgical history extracted from an EHR of a single institution by using natural language processing (NLP) techniques with the manually curated surgical history information through chart review of records from multiple independent regional health care institutions.

METHODS

To facilitate high-throughput evaluation, we developed a rule-based NLP algorithm to detect gynecological surgery history from the unstructured narrative of the Mayo Clinic EHR. These results were compared to a gold standard cohort of 3870 women with gynecological surgery status adjudicated using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records–linkage system. We quantified and characterized the information gaps observed that led to misclassification of the surgical status.

RESULTS

The NLP algorithm achieved precision of 0.85, recall of 0.82, and F1-score of 0.83 in the test set (n=265) relative to outcomes abstracted from the Mayo EHR. This performance attenuated when directly compared to the gold standard (precision 0.79, recall 0.76, and F1-score 0.76), with the majority of misclassifications being false negatives in nature. We then applied the algorithm to the remaining patients (n=3340) and identified 2 types of information gaps through error analysis. First, 6% (199/3340) of women in this study had no recorded surgery information or partial information in the EHR. Second, 4.3% (144/3340) of women had inconsistent or inaccurate information within the clinical narrative owing to misinterpreted information, erroneous “copy and paste,” or incorrect information provided by patients. Additionally, the NLP algorithm misclassified the surgery status of 3.6% (121/3340) of women.

CONCLUSIONS

Although NLP techniques were able to adequately recreate the gynecologic surgical status from the clinical narrative, missing or inaccurately reported and recorded information resulted in much of the misclassification observed. Therefore, alternative approaches to collect or curate surgical history are needed.
The Applied Data Analytics in Medicine Program: Lessons Learned From Four Years’ Experience With Personalizing Health Care in an Academic Teaching Hospital (Preprint)
Authors: Haitjema Saskia , Prescott Timothy R , van Solinge Wouter W
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht piloted a hospital-wide innovation data analytics program over the past 4 years. The goal was, based on available data and innovative data analytics methodologies, to answer clinical questions to improve patient care. In this viewpoint, we aimed to support and inspire others pursuing similar efforts by sharing the three principles of the program: the data analytics value chain (data, insight, action, value), the innovation funnel (structured innovation approach with phases and gates), and the multidisciplinary team (patients, clinicians, and data scientists). We also discussed our most important lessons learned: the importance of a clinical question, collaboration challenges between health care professionals and different types of data scientists, the win-win result of our collaboration with external partners, the prerequisite of available meaningful data, the (legal) complexity of implementation, organizational power, and the embedding of collaborative efforts in the health care system as a whole.
Medication Beliefs of P2Y12 Inhibitors on Twitter: An Exploratory Thematic and Semantic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Jin Sol , Choi Yong , Heng Franklin , Tejuco Kyle , Kesarwani Manoj
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Approximately, 40% of patients are non-adherent to their P2Y12 inhibitors following percutaneous coronary intervention despite the increased risk for stent thrombosis and death. More research to better understand patient beliefs and attitudes of P2Y12 inhibitors is needed.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to use Twitter to analyze natural patient experiences of individuals using P2Y12 inhibitors.

METHODS

We collected public Twitter posts from Jan 01, 2016 to Dec 31, 2019 to identify posts related to an individual’s experience with taking P2Y12 inhibitors. Using conventional content analysis, we categorized each eligible post into key themes of adherence and further categorized each post into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments.

RESULTS

We identified 50,525 Twitter posts of which 366 met sufficient inclusion criteria. The CARRE concordance construct was developed identifying five core themes including Communication (4.7%), Affordability (25.4%), adverse drug Reactions (37.4%), patient perceived Response to treatment (11.5%), and E-(I)nconvenience with taking the medication (21%). Interestingly, 56% of the posts shared negative sentiments about taking P2Y12 inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS

Our research is the first original investigation analyzing Twitter as a qualitative research medium to analyze individuals’ experiences using P2Y12 inhibitors. Our findings reinforced prior qualitative work using focus group interviews and surveys. Though social media offers the potential for large scale qualitative analysis with less social desirability and selection bias, we found that a key limitation includes a lack of structured investigation leading to the exclusion of many posts often missing important contextual information relevant to the research question.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Adapting Child Health Knowledge Translation Tools for Somali Parents: Qualitative Study Exploring Process Considerations and Stakeholder Engagement (Preprint)
Authors: Elliott Sarah A , Wright Kelsey S , Scott Shannon D , Mohamed Muna , Farah Asha , Hartling Lisa
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

We have developed a series of knowledge translation (KT) tools that integrate parental experiences to communicate evidence-based information about acute childhood health conditions to parents and caregivers. While we created these tools with parent input, it is unclear if they are useful for diverse parent groups, including specific immigrant and refugee groups in Canada.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the usefulness of our preexisting KT tools within our local Somali community, and understand what cultural and linguistic adaptations could improve their usability.

METHODS

After viewing 4 KT tools (differing in design and format) about various acute child health conditions, health care providers (HCPs) and knowledge brokers (KBs) who work with Somali families were interviewed about the usability of these tools and discussed considerations for adapting KT tools for use within the Somali community.

RESULTS

A total of 13 HCPs and KBs participated and indicated that the Somali community values accessibility, representation, and the role of trusted others in delivering effective KT products. Understanding accessibility barriers, the power of adequate representation, and engaging meaningfully with prominent community leaders were key suggestions for ensuring relevance of KT products and uptake by community members.

CONCLUSIONS

This study represents an essential piece of understanding processes for adapting or developing KT products for culturally and linguistically diverse communities.
Characterizing the Prevalence of Obesity Misinformation, Stigma, Positivity, and Factual Content on the Social Media Platform Reddit Between 2011 and 2019: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pollack Catherine C. , Emond Jennifer A. , O'Malley A. James , Byrd Anna , Green Peter , Miller Katherine E. , Vosoughi Soroush , Gilbert-Diamond Diane , Onega Tracy
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Reddit is a popular social media platform that has faced scrutiny for inflammatory language against those with obesity, yet there has been no comprehensive analysis of its obesity-related content.

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the presence of four types of obesity-related content on Reddit (misinformation, stigma, positivity, and facts) and identify psycholinguistic features that may be enriched within each one.

METHODS

All sentences (n = 764,179) containing “obese” or “obesity” from top-level comments (n = 689,447) made on non-age-restricted subreddits (i.e., smaller communities within Reddit) between 2011 and 2019 that contained one of a series of keywords were evaluated. Four types of common natural language processing features were extracted to train a machine learning classifier to label each sentence as one of the four content categories or ambiguous/other.

RESULTS

After removing ambiguous sentences, 3,610 sentences were labeled as misinformation, 14,366 sentences were labeled as stigma, 14,799 were labeled as positivity, and 68,276 were labeled as facts. Each category had markers that distinguished it from other categories within the data as well as an external corpus. For example, misinformation had a higher average percent of negations (β = 3.71, 95% CI: 3.53, 3.90, P<.001) but lower average number of words greater than six letters (β = -1.47, 95% CI: -1.85, -1.10, P<.001) relative to facts. Stigma had a higher proportion of swear words (β=1.83, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.04, P<.001) but lower proportion of first-person singular pronouns (β = -5.30, 95% CI: -5.44, -5.16, P<.001) relative to positivity.

CONCLUSIONS

There are distinct psycholinguistic properties between types of obesity-related content on Reddit that can be leveraged to rapidly identify deleterious content with minimal human intervention. Future work should assess whether these properties are shared across languages and other social media.
Utilization of Heart Rate Variability for Autonomic Nervous System Assessment in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sharifiheris Zahra , Bender Miriam , Rahmani Amir
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) plays a central role in pregnancy-induced adaptations and failure in the required adaptations is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Mapping maternal ANS function in healthy pregnancy may help to understand ANS function.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine if Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been used to assess ANS function during pregnancy, and if so whether specific HRV patterns have been identified during pregnancy representing the ANS function.

METHODS

Data Sources included CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases in September 2020-June 2021. For study selection, studies that assessed HRV in healthy pregnant individuals at least once during pregnancy and/or labor, with/out comparison group (e.g., complicated pregnancy) were included. Covidence online software was used for relevancy screening. For data extraction, a narrative synthesis was applied in three steps of preliminary analysis, exploration of relationships, and assessment of the robustness of the synthesis.

RESULTS

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. In 87.5% of studies, HRV was measured using ECG, and operationalized in three different ways: linear Frequency-domain (FD), linear Time-domain (TD), and non-linear methods. FD was measured in all, TD in 75%, and non-linear methods in 5% of the studies. The assessment duration varied from 5 min to 24 hours. TD indexes and most of the FD indexes decreased from first to third trimester in majority of the studies. Of FD indexes, LF (nu) and LF/ HF ratio showed ascending trend from early to late pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified three HRV measuring methods along with potentially indicative HRV patterns. However, we found no justification for the selection of measurement tools, measurement timeframes, and operationalization, which threaten generalizability and reliability of pattern findings. More research is needed to determine criteria and methods for determining HRV patterns corresponding to ANS functioning in healthy pregnant persons.

CLINICALTRIAL

N.A.
DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKI UZROCI I POSLEDICE ANGAŽOVANJA VELIKIH SILA NA BALKANU
Authors: Obradovic Zarko , Bazic Jovan
Published: January 2022

U ovom radu su izloženi rezultati analize o društvenim uzrocima i razlozima koji su naveli velike sile da budu prisutne i umešane u događaje na Balkanu, kao i na sudbinu balkanskih država i kvalitet života njihovih građana. U funkciji ovog rada izložena je i hronologija najvažnijih društveno-istorijskih događaja iz XIX i XX veka koji su presudno uticali na uređenje Balkana i stvaranje nacionalnih država na ovom prostoru. Osnovni cilj rada je da pruži odgovor na pitanje: da li su balkanski narodi, zbog značaja prostora na kome žive, postali trajni zarobljenici interesa velikih sila ili pak imaju mogućnost da sami odlučuju o svom životu i budućnosti? Predmet ovog rada uslovio je i primenjene metode. Zato su ovde primenjene analitičko-sintetička metoda, deskriptivna i istorijska metoda, kao pomoćna metoda. Prostor Balkana je u protekla dva veka bio poprište brojnih sporova, konflikata i ratova, kako između balkanskih naroda, tako i protiv neke od velikih sila ili između velikih sila. Balkanski narodi su počev od HIH veka nastojali da stvore ili prošire svoje države, a velike sile su, gotovo uvek uticale na ishod tih planova, vodeći pri tom računa prevashodno o svojim. Takav značaj za velike sile Balkan duguje pre svega svom geografskom položaju, kao najkraćem putnom pravcu različitih delova Evrope sa Malom Azijom, kao i nastojanju velikih sila da ostvare uticaj i kontrolu nad ovim geostrateški izuzetno važnim područjem.
GEOPOLITIKA TRIDESETOGODIŠNJEG RATA I SRBI U NJOJ
Authors: Stankovic Vladan , Spicanovic Vladimir
Published: January 2022

Tema ovog naučnog rada je Tridesetogodišnji rat (1618-1648). Predmet istraživanja skoncentrisan je na versku i geopolitičku (re)konfiguraciju Evrope u Tridesetogodišnjem ratu, i mestu Srba u njemu. Odnosi među evropskim silama nakon okončanja rata potrajali su do prvih Napoleonovih osvajanja (na samom početku XIX veka), a principi Vestfalskog mirovnog ugovora protegli su se sve do kraja Drugog svetskog rata, bezmalo tri veka. Otuda je i značaj Tridesetogodišnjeg rata od velike važnosti za međunarodne odnose. Podpadanjem pod tursko ropstvo Srbi su se, upravo od sredine XVI do kraja XVII veka, našli u nikada težoj političkoj situaciji. Stoga se nameće Problemsko pitanje: Kakav je doprinos Srba geopolitičkim dešavanjima tokom Tridestogodišnjeg rata? Mišljenja smo da je ovo najzapostavljeniji period srpske istorije, o kome se gotovo ništa ne zna, pa bi bilo poželjno, i čak nužno, razsvetliti ga. Upravo u razsvetljavanju verskih i geopolitičkih odnosa snaga u Tridesetogodišnjem ratu, i ulozi Srba u ovim zbivanjima, treba tražiti Naučni značaj i Društvene domašaje ovog istraživanja. Arhivska građa i drugi izvori tek u naznakama nam pružaju neobhodne materijale za obradu podataka. Stoga su se autori u istraživanju opredelili za sledeće metode: istoriografski pristup, teoriju igara, analitički metod, deduktivno zaključivanje…
ZNAČAJ ELITISTIČKO-MERITOKRATSKE TEORIJE NEJEDNAKOSTI ZA RAZUMEVANJE STRUKTURE I DINAMIKE DRUŠTVA
Authors: Velickovic Dunja
Published: January 2022

U eri globalizacije i nastupajućeg „društva znanja“ obnavlja se značaj elitističkih i meritokratskih teorija, kako u ekonomiji, tako i u kulturi i u politici. Na fonu uspona neoliberalizma u poslednjih trideset godina u savremenoj literaturi obnovljeno je interesovanje za elitističke teorije. One izražavaju „duh vremena“ ali i interes meritokratske klase i intelektualne buržoazije u savremenosti. U akademskom svetu obrazvoanja indeks ovih procesa demonstriraju nauke o menadžmentu i ekspanzija misije menadžera u savremenoj podeli rada i korpokratske moći. U radu se daje pregled elitističko-meritokratskih gledišta (u rasponu od Pareta, Mihelsa do Šumpetera, Milsa i Atalija) i čini pokušaj da se objasne socijalni i kulturni koreni ovih teorija i uloga elita kao aktera u istorijskim promenama i savremenosti.
TRGOVINA LJUDIMA KAO OBLIK ORGANIZOVANOG KRIMINALA
Authors: Kolarski Ljiljana
Published: January 2022

U današnjem vremenu identifikovan je veliki broj bezbednosnih problema među kojima se sve učestalije pojavljuje i trgovina ljudima. Iako inkorporirana u domaći i međunarodni pravni okvir kao krivično delo i dalje postoje teškoće u suprotstavljanju istom. Usled pogodnosti koje je donela globalizacija, otklanjanju granica i nesmetanom kretanju robe, ljudi i kapitala došlo je do procvata i unapređenja različitih oblika trgovine ljudima. Ona je postala veoma unosna aktivnost mnogih kriminalnih grupa kako u državi tako i inostranstvu što otežava njeno prepoznavanje i suzbijanje. Usled navedenog, rad ima za cilj da predstavi ključne odrednice i karakteristike trgovine ljudima kao organizovanog kriminala kako bi pomogle u procesu blagovremenog i adekvatnog suprotstavljanja.
Why Nationalism
Authors: Lazic Sinisa
Published: January 2022

Prikaz knjige:

Yael Tamir, Why Nationalism, Princeton University Press, 2019., стр. 224.
NACIJA I NACIONALNA DRŽAVA U KONTEKSTU GLOBALIZMA I MULTIKULTURALIZMA
Authors: Hodzic Jasmin
Published: January 2022

Imajući u vidu da globalizacija i multikulturalizam predstavljaju najozbiljnijeg oponenta nacionalnoj državi, u radu se propituje njihov uticaj na eroziju nacionalne države i transformaciju postojećih obrazaca društveno – političkog organizovanja. Globalizacija je na Zapadu Evrope istovremeno doprinela ubrzanju integralističkih procesa, slabljenju nacionalne države i, usled promene socio-demografske društvene strukture, uvođenju multikulturalizam kao optimalnog modela suživota sa imigrantskim grupama. Na Istoku Evrope, nakon urušavanja socijalističkih federacija odvijao se simultani proces društveno – političke i institucionalne transformacije i razgradnje nacionalnih država. Kao ključni ideološki oponent globalizaciji i multikulturalizmu, javlja se nacionalizam koji je, svoju ekstremnu menifestnost pokazao u Istočnoj Evropi i Balkanu početkom 90-tih godina 20. veka, a nakon talasa populističkih politika početkom 21. veka, doživljava reafirmaciju, istovremeno otvarajući prostor za povratak ideji resuverenizacije nacionalnih država uz slabljenje globalističkih koncepcija. Rad obuhvata četiri dela, od kojih se prvi odnosi na kratak istorijski prikaz mobilizacijske, legitimacijske i emancipatorske uloge nacionalizma u izgradnji nacionalne države. U drugom delu se analizira koncept multikulturalizma i njegovih dometa u zapadnim liberalnim demokratijama. U trećem delu se razmatra ekspanzija globalizma do 2000-tih, a nakon toga, sa prodorom levog i desnog populizma, reafirmacija ideje resuverenizacije nacionalne države. U poslednjem delu se analiziraju posledice povratka nacionalističke ideologije i društveno-političke transformacije u post-komunističkim društvima.
PREDLOG KVALITATIVNOG PREVAZILAŽENJA KRHKIH DEMOKRATIJA
Authors: Milisavljevic Miljan
Published: January 2022

Rad predstavlja kritičku analizu stanja demokratije danas, posebno onih koje smo mi nazvali krhke demokratije. U prvom delu rada istakli smo najznačajnije karakteristike, kao i razloge njihovih slabih institucija. Kao najbitnija odlika, po našem mišljenju, je njihova politizacija. Takođe, utvrdili smo sam izvor politizacije institucija, a koji se nalazi u političkim partijama. Pokazali smo da su one najvažniji politički akter u krhkim demokratijama, preko kojih politička elita ima kontrolu nad čitavim društvom. Na primerima učenja Simon Veil i Roberta Gudina pokazali smo dva dijametralno suprotna stava o ulozi partija u demokratskom društvu. Pokazali smo da nedemokrtaskim delovanjem partija u društvima krhkih demokratija dovodi do fenomena ”zarobljene države”.
U drugom delu rada dali smo svoj predlog kvalitativnog prevazilaženja stanja u krhkim demokratijama. On bi se ogledao u tome da građani treba da na principima deliberativne demokratije prvo utvrde agendu prioritetnih problema koji opterećuju društva krhke demokratije, a onda i da daju predloge za njihovo rešavanje. Po našem mišljenju najbolji način da se to postigne bio bi istinska institucionalizacija deliberativne demokratije.
Existence and multiplicity of positive unbounded solutions for singular BVPs with the φ-Laplacian operator on the half line
Authors: Attia Chahira , Mechrouk Salima , Saifi Ouiza
Published: January 2022

We provide in this work sufficient conditions for existence and multiplicity of positive unbounded solutions for a class of singular second-order boundary value problem associated with a φ-Laplacian operator and posed on the half-line. The proofs are based on a theorem of cone expansion and compression in a Banach space.
Total neighborhood prime labeling of some trees
Authors: Rajesh Kumar. T. J.
Published: January 2022

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges. A total neighborhood prime labeling of G is a labeling in which the vertices and edges are assigned labels from 1 to p + q such that the gcd of labeling in the neighborhood of each non degree 1 vertex is equal to 1 and the gcd of labeling in the edges of each non degree 1 vertex is equal to 1. A graph that admits a total neighborhood prime labeling is called a total neighborhood prime graph. In this paper, we examine total neighborhood prime labeling of trees such as (n, k, m) double star trees, spiders, caterpillars and firecrackers.
Different Plant Disease Detection and Pest Detection Techniques Using Image Processing
Authors: Barthare Nanda
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In India, agriculture is a significant industry. Our Indian economy is also heavily reliant on agriculture; given that agriculture employs near about 70% of the population, it is critical to boost crop/plant productivity. Farmers have struggled to achieve higher productivity and better market prices due to many sorts of crop diseases. As a result, early detection of plant diseases becomes an essential strategy for avoiding losses in an agricultural production system. The disease's symptoms are mostly noticeable on leaves. It's difficult to keep track of each plant manually across a large area. As a result, image processing techniques are used to observe and diagnose plant diseases, which may be a better option for detecting diseases fast and accurately. This paper provides the review of different plant disease and pest control techniques using image processing in the recent years. Keywords: Image Processing, Agricultural, Disease Techniques, Pest Control.