bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSISTÊNCIA À POPULAÇÃO INDÍGENA: DIFICULDADES ENCONTRADAS POR ENFERMEIROS
Authors: Marinelli Natália Pereira , Nascimento Deiane Ferreira , Costa Alana Ilmara Pereira , Posso Maria Belén Salazar , Araújo Layana Pachêco
Published: October 2015

Este estudo objetivou identificar as dificuldades encontradas por enfermeiros na assistência à população indígena de Grajaú-MA. Trata-se de um estudo de corrente fenomenológica, exploratória, explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os enfermeiros integrantes do Programa Saúde da Família Indígena da referida cidade. Constatou-se que entre as dificuldades estão: a falta de treinamento introdutório ao iniciar um trabalho com o indígena; dificuldade de comunicação; barreiras geográficas; aceitação do profissional por parte do indígena e condições de trabalho não satisfatórias. Há então, necessidade de capacitação prévia ao início do trabalho com o indígena e qualificação constante, englobando aspectos culturais, para que a enfermagem, por meio de um cuidado transcultural, possa atuar com efetividade.
CONHECIMENTO E PRÁTICA DOS MÉTODOS CONTRACEPTIVOS POR ESTUDANTES ADOLESCENTES: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Cardoso Portela Nytale Lindsay , Pachêco de Araújo Layana
Published: October 2015

O conhecimento sobre contracepção é imprescindível para que o jovem possa vivenciar o sexo de maneira segura. Este estudo objetivou comparar o conhecimento e a prática sobre métodos contraceptivos entre estudantes adolescentes das escolas públicas e privadas no município de Caxias, Maranhão. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo que teve como sujeitos 231 adolescentes na faixa etária de 16 a 19 anos, sendo 32 de escolas particulares e 199, de públicas. A coleta de dados se deu pelo questionário estruturado durante os meses de agosto a outubro de 2012, sendo a análise feita com a utilização do software Epi Info 3.5.2. Dentre os adolescentes, 67,5% eram do sexo feminino e 32,5% do masculino, com média de idade de 16,8 anos; 62,5% dos estudantes de escolas privadas e 30,8% das públicas relataram ter iniciado a vida sexual, sendo que os homens iniciaram mais precocemente. Em relação ao uso de contraceptivos, 90,0% dos alunos de escolas particulares e 87,1% das públicas referiram utilizá-los, sendo a camisinha masculina, o método mais mencionado. No que diz respeito ao conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos, constatou-se que o conhecimento é insuficiente em ambas as escolas, o que pode refletir na sua prática. Reforça-se, portanto, a importância de investimentos na educação sexual dos adolescentes, sendo necessário uma articulação entre as equipes de saúde, a família e a escola para implementação de programas de educação em saúde sobre orientação sexual.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS RAIOS CÓSMICOS GALÁCTICOS NO CLIMA TERRESTRE
Authors: Portugal Williamary , Pacini Alessandra Abe
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a ideia corrente da comunidade científica acerca dasrelações entre o Sol, o fluxo de raios-cósmicos galácticos incidentes na Terra e o clima do planeta. Assim, alémde uma revisão da literatura, foi feita uma estimativa do impacto da variabilidade solar/raios cósmicos/média denuvens baixas no clima terrestre, através do balanço radiativo. Os anos de 1996 e 2002, período de mínimo emáximo solar, respectivamente, foram utilizados como referência para a pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que,dentre os forçantes climáticos naturais avaliados, a variação da cobertura de nuvens baixas induzida pelamodulação dos raios cósmicos é mais apta a provocar significativas mudanças nas condições climáticasterrestres.
REGISTRO DA OCORRÊNCIA DE ENCHENOPA BEEBEI (HAVILAND) (HEMIPTERA, MEMBRACIDAE) PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Lencioni Neto Frederico , Sakakibara Albino M.
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro de Enchenopa beebei (HAVILAND, 1925) para o Brasil. Dois exemplares (macho e fêmea) foram coletados em pequenas áreas remanescentes da Mata Atlântica, pertencentes à Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, localizadas, respectivamente, no Campus de Villa Branca (Jacareí) e de Urbanova (São José dos Campos), no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A espécie é redescrita e ilustrada.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE CONFEITO DE AVEIA COM ALFARROBA ISENTO DE LACTOSE
Authors: Mello Aline Veroneze de , Villarin Walleska Luctke Facincani , Spinelli Mônica Glória Neumann , Matias Andrea Carvalheiro Guerra
Published: October 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a aceitabilidade de um confeito de aveia com cobertura de alfarroba isento de lactose. Para tanto, o produto foi submetido a um teste de aceitabilidade para os atributos aparência, odor, textura, sabor e aceitação global, bem como avaliação de intenção de compra. O produto apresentou boa aceitação com notas médias acima de 7 (gostei regularmente), e Índice de aceitabilidade acima de 80% para todos os atributos. Quanto à intenção de compra, 84% dos degustadores “comprariam” ou, “definitivamente”, comprariam o produto. O confeito apresenta 1,6g de fibra alimentar por porção, recebendo a informação nutricional complementar de fonte. O estudo atingiu seus objetivos obtendo um produto isento de lactose, fonte de fibras e com boa aceitação sensorial.
ANÁLISE POR TRIANGULAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS: UM REFERENCIAL PARA PESQUISAS QUALITATIVAS
Authors: Marcondes Nilsen Aparecida Vieira , Brisola Elisa Maria Andrade
Published: October 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir informações já publicadas sobre um dos procedimentos analíticos voltados à interpretação de dados qualitativos, qual seja, a Análise por Triangulação de Métodos. Em se tratando da metodologia, esta pesquisa se apresenta quanto à forma de abordagem do assunto, como qualitativa, do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, como descritiva e com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, caracteriza-se como bibliográfica. Os resultados deste estudo teórico demonstram que este instrumental analítico contribui no desenvolvimento de pesquisas qualitativas voltadas à interpretação e atribuição de significados dos fenômenos investigados, favorecendo o processo de análise indutiva dos dados coletados. Como conclusão, considera-se que a Análise por Triangulação de Métodos reforça a importância do diálogo entre os dados empíricos, autores que tratam da temática estudada e análise de conjuntura, num contínuo movimento dialético.
Přímé zahraniční investice v české ekonomice
Authors: Benáček Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Měnové výbory pro východní Evropu?
Authors: Rusek Antonín
Published: October 2015

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Jaké jsou náklady a výnosy privatizace?
Authors: Kapička Marek
Published: October 2015

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Vývoj trhu práce z regionálního hlediska
Authors: Leitmanová Ivana
Published: October 2015

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Originální pohled na transformaci českého bankovnictví
Authors: Matoušek Roman
Published: October 2015

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Přínos Karla Engliše pro ekonomickou vědu
Authors: Vencovský František
Published: October 2015

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Brněnská Englišova Škola - k problému metody
Authors: Fuchs Kamil
Published: October 2015

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česká dezinflace a hrubý domácí produkt
Authors: Izák Vratislav
Published: October 2015

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Sektor bydlení a evropský přizpůsobovací proces
Authors: Hábová Martina
Published: October 2015

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Česká ekonomika v r. 1999: nesnadná cesta k oživení
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Čihák Martin , Frýdmanová Marie , Holub Tomáš , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: October 2015

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Mix monetární a fiskální politiky v České republice: empirická verifikace modelu efektivní tržní klasifikace
Authors: Mandel Martin , Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Česka koruna nebo euro?
Authors: Rusek Antonín , A. Ward William
Published: October 2015

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Analýza ekonomického výzkumu
Authors: Cahlík Tomáš
Published: October 2015

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Poptávka po dovozu potravin z rozvojových a transformujících se zemí
Authors: Janda Karel , Vološin Josef
Published: October 2015

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Vyjádření užitku přírodního statku metodou podmíněného hodnocení: případ snížení rizika záplav
Authors: Šauer Petr , Dvořák Antonín , Mildeová Stanislava , Mokrišová Jaroslava
Published: October 2015

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Politicko-ekonomický cyklus
Authors: Žák Milan
Published: October 2015

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Vlastnosti vybraných variant čtvrtletních odhadů hrubého domácího produktu
Authors: Jílek Jaroslav
Published: October 2015

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Authors: Šauer Petr , Dvořák Antonín , Fiala Petr
Published: October 2015

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Authors: L. Porket Josef
Published: October 2015

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Technologie a tržní struktura
Authors: Sutton John
Published: October 2015

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Vývoj ekonomického myšlení v českých zemích
Authors: Sojka Milan
Published: October 2015

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Analýza sektorových indexů na Pražské burze cenných papírů
Authors: Trešl Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Alternativy stabilizační politiky
Authors: Kotlán Igor
Published: October 2015

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Vliv vybraných faktorů na vývoj poptávky po penězích v letech 1994 - 2000
Authors: Arlt Josef , Guba Milan , Radkovský Štěpán , Stiller Vladimír , Sojka Milan
Published: October 2015

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Výzvy nominální a reálné konvergence
Authors: Dědek Oldřich
Published: October 2015

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Některé aspekty spotřební funkce v podmínkách České republiky 90. let
Authors: Arlt Josef , Čutková Jindra , Radkovský Štěpán
Published: October 2015

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Monitorování a analýza hospodářského cyklu
Authors: Czesaný Slavoj
Published: October 2015

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Detekce a prognóza bodů obratu v ekonomickém vývoji
Authors: Hindls Richard , Hronová Stanislava
Published: October 2015

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Možnosti experimentů se simulátorem tržní poptávky
Authors: Soukup Jindřich
Published: October 2015

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Přímé zahraniční investice ve střední Evropě: vytěsňují nebo vtahují domácí investice?
Authors: Mišun Jan , Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Recese, deflace, bankovní krize a past likvidity v Japonsku
Authors: Frait Jan , Melecký Martin , Horská Helena
Published: October 2015

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Postkeynesovská teorie peněz - alternativní pohled
Authors: Sedláček Petr
Published: October 2015

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Česká ekonomika a euro
Authors: Dědek Oldřich
Published: October 2015

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Modelování běžného účtu a jeho udržitelnost v případě České republiky
Authors: Melecký Martin
Published: October 2015

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Ženy a mzdová diskriminace
Authors: Dvořáková Zuzana
Published: October 2015

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Francois quesnay a jeho tableau économique
Authors: Choluj Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Nový regionalismus: teorie a projevy ve světové ekonomice
Authors: Cihelková Eva
Published: October 2015

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Metodologie Rakouské školy
Authors: ŘÍKOVSKÝ Milan
Published: October 2015

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Politické riziko v tranzitivních ekonomikách a v Evropské Unii
Authors: Žák Milan
Published: October 2015

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ZvláŠtnosti vzniku českého kapitálového trhu
Authors: Pudlák Jan , Neset Pavel
Published: October 2015

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Nazrál čas k vyváženému hodnocení české privatizace?
Authors: Loužek Marek
Published: October 2015

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Nerovnováha běžného účtu platební bilance v členských státech eurozóny
Authors: Šindel Jaromír
Published: October 2015

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Simulace vývoje výdajů a příjmů důchodového systému České republiky do roku 2050
Authors: Rutarová Radka , Slavík Michal
Published: October 2015

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Trh práce v nových spolkových zemích Německa
Authors: Lerch Václav
Published: October 2015

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Příprava české ekonomiky na vstup do Evropské unie a cenová konvergence
Authors: Janáčková Stanislava
Published: October 2015

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Spor o metodu mezi Rakouskou ekonomickou školou a Německou historickou školou jako nejvýznamnější metodologický spor v dějinách ekonomie
Authors: Loužek Marek
Published: October 2015

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Transitivity and dominance: normative and empirical position of two cornerstones of economic models of decision-making
Authors: Skořepa Michal
Published: October 2015

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Podivné chování spotřeby v průběhu transformace
Authors: Janáček Kamil
Published: October 2015

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Efektivnost české sociální politiky
Authors: Sirovátka Tomáš
Published: October 2015

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Размещение производств и концентрация основных фондов как факторы региональной дифференциации и регионального развития
Authors: Барагунова Белла Амирхановна , Шомахова Марьяна Хасановна
Published: October 2015

В статье исследуется влияние размещения производства на региональное развитие. В качестве критерия размещения производств принят показатель пространственной концентрации основных фондов. Проведен расчет влияния пространственной концентрации основных фондов на динамику регионального развития. Выдвинуты гипотезы. Представлено их логическое и эмпирическое обоснование.
Без чего не работает корпоративная система управления проектами
Authors: Лобзов Алексей Владимирович
Published: October 2015

Статья содержит анализ понятия корпоративной системы управления проекта с целью выделения компонентов, определяющих её работоспособность и эффективность. В статье также приводятся рекомендации по оптимизации затрат на внедрение корпоративной системы управления проектами в организации.
Процентный риск: определение и особенности использования для нефинансовых компаний
Authors: Дмитриева Мирослава Александровна
Published: October 2015

Большинство современных исследований процентных рисков направлены на исследование влияния данных рисков на компании финансового сектора, однако в последнее время, в связи с возросшими объемами кредитования реального сектора экономики, процентные риски становятся одним из ключевых факторов риска для нефинансовых компаний. В этой связи представляется необходимым привести теоретическую базу процентных рисков в соответствие новым экономическим реалиям и учесть специфику компаний нефинансового сектора. Так, большинство современных определений, доступных в экономической литературе, не отображают дуалистичную природу процентных рисков, а комплексные классификации процентных рисков для компаний нефинансового сектора отсутствуют. Данные проблемы теории валютных рисков были выявлены путем анализа определений и классификаций, представленных как в российских, так ив зарубежных исследованиях. В этой связи в данной статье представлены определение процентного риска, которое учитывает все составляющие и основные факторы возникновения процентного риска; классификация факторов возникновения процентных рисков; классификация процентных рисков, включающая ключевые составляющие валютного риска и виды валютного риска в зависимости от целей субъекта. Представленные в данной статье теоретические основы категории процентных рисков позволят компаниям нефинансового сектора предусмотреть все возможные факторы возникновения процентных рисков, соответствующим образом изменить внутреннюю нормативную базу в части идентификации и управления данными рисками и, следовательно, построить эффективную систему управления ими с целью избежания непредвиденных убытков и колебаний операционных доходов.
Abundance models improve spatial and temporal prioritization of conservation resources
Authors: Johnston Alison , Fink Daniel , Reynolds Mark D. , Hochachka Wesley M. , Sullivan Brian L. , Bruns Nicholas E. , Hallstein Eric , Merrifield Matt S. , Matsumoto Sandi , Kelling Steve
Published: October 2015

Conservation prioritization requires knowledge about organism distribution and density. This information is often inferred from models that estimate the probability of species occurrence rather than from models that estimate species abundance, because abundance data are harder to obtain and model. However, occurrence and abundance may not display similar patterns and therefore development of robust, scalable, abundance models is critical to ensuring that scarce conservation resources are applied where they can have the greatest benefits. Motivated by a dynamic land conservation program, we develop and assess a general method for modeling relative abundance using citizen science monitoring data. Weekly estimates of relative abundance and occurrence were compared for prioritizing times and locations of conservation actions for migratory waterbird species in California, USA. We found that abundance estimates consistently provided better rankings of observed counts than occurrence estimates. Additionally, the relationship between abundance and occurrence was nonlinear and varied by species and season. Across species, locations prioritized by occurrence models had only 10–58% overlap with locations prioritized by abundance models, highlighting that occurrence models will not typically identify the locations of highest abundance that are vital for conservation of populations.
Conservation implications of ameliorating survival of little brown bats with white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Maslo Brooke , Valent Mick , Gumbs John F. , Frick Winifred F.
Published: October 2015

Management of wildlife populations impacted by novel threats is often challenged by a lack of data on temporal changes in demographic response. Populations may suffer rapid declines from the introduction of new stressors, but how demography changes over time is critical to determining long‐term outcomes for populations. White‐nose syndrome (WNS), an infectious disease of hibernating bats, has caused massive and rapid population declines in several hibernating species of bats in North America since the disease was first observed on the continent in 2006. Estimating annual survival rates and demographic trends among remnant colonies of hibernating bats that experienced mass mortality from WNS is needed to determine long‐term population viability of species impacted by this disease. Using mark–recapture data on infected little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), we estimated the first apparent annual survival rates for four years following WNS detection at a site. We found strong support for an increasing trend in annual survival, which improved from 0.68 (95% CI = 0.44–0.85) to 0.75 (95% CI = 0.51–0.89) for males and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.44–0.81) to 0.70 (95% CI = 0.50–0.84) for females. These results suggest that stabilization at remnant colonies after mass mortality from WNS may be due to improved survival and not from immigration from other areas. Despite ameliorating survival, our stochastic matrix projection model predicts continued declines for little brown bat populations (λ = 0.95), raising concern for the regional persistence of this species. We conducted a vital rate sensitivity analysis and determined that adult and juvenile survival, as opposed to fecundity, are the demographic parameters most important to target to maximize recovery potential of little brown bat populations in areas impacted by WNS.
Frequent Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Homeless People With Medicaid: Implications for Medicaid Expansion
Authors: Lin Wen-Chieh , Bharel Monica , Zhang Jianying , O’Connell Elizabeth , Clark Robin E.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We examined factors associated with frequent hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among Medicaid members who were homeless.

Methods. We included 6494 Massachusetts Medicaid members who received services from a health care for the homeless program in 2010. We used negative binomial regression to examine variables associated with frequent utilization.

Results. Approximately one third of the study population had at least 1 hospitalization and two thirds had 1 or more ED visits. More than 70% of hospitalizations and ED visits were incurred by only 12% and 21% of these members, respectively. Homeless individuals with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders were at greatest risk for frequent hospitalizations and ED visits (e.g., incidence rate ratios [IRRs] = 2.9–13.8 for hospitalizations). Individuals living on the streets also had significantly higher utilization (IRR = 1.5).

Conclusions. Despite having insurance coverage, homeless Medicaid members experienced frequent hospitalizations and ED visits. States could consider provisions under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (e.g., Medicaid expansion and Health Homes) jointly with housing programs to meet the needs of homeless individuals, which may improve the quality and cost effectiveness of care.
Changes in Young Adult Primary Care Under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Wong Charlene A. , Ford Carol A. , French Benjamin , Rubin David M.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We sought to describe changes in young adults’ routine care and usual sources of care (USCs), according to provider specialty, after implementation of extended dependent coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010.

Methods. We used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2006 to 2012 to examine young adults’ receipt of routine care in the preceding year, identification of a USC, and USC provider specialties (pediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology).

Results. The percentage of young adults who sought routine care increased from 42.4% in 2006 to 49.5% in 2012 (P < .001). The percentage identifying a USC remained stable at approximately 60%. Among young adults with a USC, there was a trend between 2006 and 2012 toward increasing percentages with pediatric (7.6% vs 9.1%) and family medicine (75.9% vs 80.9%) providers and declining percentages with internal medicine (11.5% vs 7.6%) and obstetrics and gynecology (5.0% vs 2.5%) providers.

Conclusions. Efforts under the ACA to increase health insurance coverage had favorable effects on young adults’ use of routine care. Monitoring routine care use and USC choices in this group can inform primary care workforce needs and graduate medical education priorities across specialties.
The Affordable Care Act and Access to Care for People Changing Coverage Sources
Authors: Orfield Cara , Hula Lauren , Barna Michael , Hoag Sheila
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We investigated how access to and continuity of care might be affected by transitions between health insurance coverage sources, including the Marketplace (also called the Exchange), Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

Methods. From January to February 2014 and from August to September 2014, we searched provider directories for networks of primary care physicians and selected pediatric specialists participating in Marketplace, Medicaid, and CHIP in 6 market areas of the United States and calculated the degree to which networks overlapped.

Results. Networks of physicians in Medicaid and CHIP were nearly identical, meaning transitions between those programs may not result in much physician disruption. This was not the case for Marketplace and Medicaid and CHIP networks.

Conclusions. Transitions from the Marketplace to Medicaid or CHIP may result in different degrees of physician disruption for consumers depending on where they live and what type of Marketplace product they purchase.
Establishing Mobility Profile in a Carbonate Reservoir Using LWD Imaging Technology, A Case Study From Partitioned Zone Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Rubaiyea Jamal , Al-Houli Meshari , Al-Ajmi Fahad , Al-Duwaish Majed , Elsherif Ahmed , Lahmar Hakima
Published: October 2015

Over the last several years, the ability to perform accurate quantitative formation evaluation in high angle and horizontal wells has been recognized as high priority for major operators. The Logging While Drilling (LWD) has witnessed a revolution in technology in recent years. These new LWD tools have gained recognition in geosteering and well placement operations.

The need for advanced formation evaluation is more critical for carbonate reservoir where the complex pore structure will play a big role in fluid mobility. Formation mobility in carbonate reservoirs has been always an important output of any formation evaluation.

The South Fuwaris Field is located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoirs were discovered in 1961, and production commenced in 1963. There are two major reservoirs – the Ratawi Limestone, which is predominantly developed by vertical wells, and the Ratawi Oolite, which is exclusively developed by horizontal wells. The reservoirs comprise low-moderate permeability limestone. Interpretation is complicated by the existence of microporosity, mesoporosity and macroporosity. Understanding of pore type distribution would be of value is the placement of future Ratawi Oolite horizontal wells.

The LWD resistivity was used in this field as standard resistivity tool (Laterolog type) to determine the true formation resistivity. In addition, due to the fact that LWD tools measure while rotating, several resistivity images with different depth of investigation are also available in real time and recorded mode.

In this case, the LWD resistivity imaging was used to study azimuthal formation porosity distribution in order to quantify the different porosity portions (Primary / Secondary). Following that, an empirical equation was used to determine formation permeability profile. This profile can be further improved when calibrated with core data or formation pressure survey while drilling.
Effect of the Drilled Cuttings on Filter Cake Sealing Properties and Internal Invasion Depth in MRC Wells
Authors: Bageri B. S. , Mahmoud M. A. , Sultan A. S. , Al-Mutairi S. H. , Abdulraheem A..
Published: October 2015

The properties of the filter cake through maximum reservoir contact (MRC) and extended reach (ER) wells are not constant due to the presence of the drilled-cutting. The formation cuttings contamination in the drilling fluid during the drilling operation influences the drilling fluid properties as well as the filter cake properties.

This study focuses on assessing the effect of the sandstone formation drilled-cuttings on the filter cake sealing properties and the internal solid invasion depth in horizontal section. Three different drilling fluid samples were collected at different points of a horizontal section during drilling operation. The drilling fluid samples were collected at the flow line coming from the well after shale shaker. High pressure high temperature (HPHT) fluid loss test was conducted to form the filter cake on top of 0.25 inch ceramic disc (35 micron). The composition of filter cake was evaluated using SEM and XRD. CT scan technique was used to evaluate the internal solids invasion of the different drilling fluid samples.

The results from this study showed that the internal invasion is directly affected by the changes of sand contents in the filter cake. The internal drilling fluid solids invasion depth reached 3-4 mm when the sand content was lower than 25 wt % of the filter cake solids. Increasing the sand content more than 30 wt % in the filter cake solids allowed the drilling fluid to invade up to more than 6 mm with high concentration due to the degradation in the cake permeability.

The result of this work will be useful to investigate diversion process to remove the formation damage from maximum reservoir contact and extended reach wells in sandstone reservoirs.
Mature Thick Carbonate Reservoir Restimulation: Candidate Evaluation, Well Preparation, and Stimulation Strategy
Authors: Retnanto Albertus , Ryan Abraham , Amyotte Daniel
Published: October 2015

In mature carbonate reservoirs, the potential for bypassed or under-stimulated pays need to be addressed in order to enhance the productivity of the wells. Reservoir restimulation is one of the viable option to do this. However, due to issues with completion, perforation and other associated issues that given wells may have, restimulation should be designed and implemented such that well productivity is enhanced while simultaneously maintaining the requirements for well completion integrity. Proper design for restimulation in thick carbonate reservoirs could eliminate any negative issues that may occur during completion and prevent integrity failure during the process.

In thick carbonate reservoirs, like those found in the Middle East, the aforementioned criteria contain both petrophysical properties and current production profile obtained by production logging, establishing good foundation for implementing restimulation. Petrophysical properties help define the stimulation strategy necessary based on log potential, while the current production profile identifies the best location to stimulate over the existing completed perforated interval. In thick carbonate stimulation, uneven reservoir recovery is often observed and considerable parameters must be set during the stimulation design. Major changes to consider during the candidate evaluation for the restimulation in thick carbonate reservoir are: non-uniform pressure depletion across the formation, various pressure drawdowns, and change in PVT properties. In addition, wormholes which formed during the initial reservoir stimulation are major factor for consideration. These wormholes may act as thief zones during restimulation work and could lead to improper zonal coverage.

This paper describes restimulation design strategy which has been tailored for well preparation based on mature well conditions while also considering factors of completion and well-integrity issues. The well preparation includes focus on the reperforation selection, post-reperforation production log evaluation and production profile matching. Within the stimulation strategy, fluid selection and placement strategy will be discussed, taking into considering all aspects of a mature well.
Investigation of Stability of Hollow Glass Spheres in Fluids and Cement Slurries for Potential Field Applications in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Yami Abdullah S. , Al-Awami Mohammed , Wagle Vikrant
Published: October 2015

Hollow glass spheres (HGS) provide an attractive method to reduce densities of drilling fluids and cement slurries for different objectives. There are several pressure ratings of HGS and selecting and testing the right type for the suitable application is important.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate performance and stability of HGS by formulating HGS based fluids in different pH conditions, formulating low density water based drilling fluids with HGS as density reducing additive, and formulating low density cement with HGS as density reducing additive

The evaluation of the stability of low-density inhibited water-based fluids formulated with HGS in diverse pH environments was for their potential application in Wasia formations in Saudi Arabia. Intensive testing of the fluids included rheological properties, pH and density measurement before hot rolling (BHR) and after hot rolling (AHR) in different pH environments at high pressure and high temperature for long time (up to 4 days).

The evaluation of the stability of low density cement utilizing HGS was for their potential to cement shallow casings in gas wells and oil wells in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we present extensive lab work that included rheology measurements, thickening time tests, free water and sedimentation tests, fluid loss test and compressive strength test.

Data generated supported the use of low density fluids formulated with HSG in Wasia Formation when applicable. Also, this study supported the use of the cement examined in shallow conditions in gas wells and oil wells. The shallow conditions simulated in the lab tests were 158ºF static temperature and 2500 psi.
Utilization of Interwell Water Tracer to Study Subsurface Flow of the Injected Water and Optimize Waterflood in Mauddud Carbonate Reservoir, Raudhatain Field, North Kuwait
Authors: Eldaoushy Ahmed S. , Al-Ajmi Moudi , Ashkanani Fatma
Published: October 2015

Understanding the fluid flow in the reservoir is one of the main factors affecting the success of waterflood projects. The level of reservoir heterogeneity and complexity of the structure are the main challenge factors to understand the fluid movement. Interwell water tracers is a significant approach especially in reservoirs that have high level of complexity to have better understanding of the injected water flow directions, flow units and reservoir geology.

Raudhatain-Mauddud reservoir is highly heterogeneous layered reservoir, bearing different oil qualities. The waterflood started in year 2000 and within a short period the oil rate has increased significantly but with rapid increase in the water cut. The management of Mauddud waterflood project became more complex with increasing the number of injectors and establishing injection in all layers. Interwell Tracers have been utilized to understand the complex injected water movement in the reservoir to improve waterflood management process.

Different conservative water tracers have been injected to track the injected water movement between the wells. Tracer breakthrough has been detected in many producers with wide range of tracer's residence time between the wells. Performance of tracer concentration in the stream of each well versus time has proven the flow through different flow units. The Tracer information has been utilized qualitatively and quantitatively to understand the fluid movement laterally and vertically between the flow units and provided invaluable information that has been used for optimizing Mauddud reservoir waterflood, calculating the swept volume and to optimize wells production.

This paper presents a detailed review of case history for utilizing the Interwell Water Tracer information to understand the fluid flow in the reservoir and the approach to manage Waterflood operations and optimizing wells` production.
Improved Stimulation Effectiveness of Water Injectors Using Coiled Tubing with Fluidic Oscillator-——Case Studies from a Major North Kuwait Field
Authors: Bhagavatula R.. , Al-ajmi M. F. , Rajagopalan V. S. , AL Hamad A. M. , Mofti M..
Published: October 2015

Water injectors typically suffer from injectivity decline attributed to near wellbore (NWB) damage typically caused by variation in injected water quality, pores plugging caused by scale precipitation, and fines migration. Conventional stimulation treatments to improve injectivity are conducted with coiled tubing (CT) to enhance fluid placement. However, this often sacrifices stimulation effectiveness because of the relatively low fluid penetration into the formation compared to bullheading treatment. The net result is lower than the expected treatment efficiency and increased stimulation frequency.

This paper discusses a new placement technique using a fluidic oscillator (FO) tool that causes alternate bursts of fluids within the wellbore. The resulting pressure pulses propagate radially into the formation, carrying the stimulation fluid and enhancing its penetration deeper into the reservoir. A well- planned stimulation treatment recipe in combination with CT and a FO proved to be very effective in terms of stimulating water injectors.

Case histories from six water injector wells stimulated using this technique is presented. Post-stimulation results show considerable increase to injectivity rates and decrease of stimulation frequency.
Advanced ICD Application Alleviating Well Intervention Challenges
Authors: Awad Mohamed Omar , Al Ajmi Moudi F. , Safar Ahmad , Rajagopalan Vijay Sankar
Published: October 2015

The drilling strategy of North Kuwait has embraced in the last few years to get more reservoir contact to maximize oil recovery. Presently, the wells are drilled with high deviation angle to intersect multiple pay zones and drain the existing prospects. However, water coning and edge water breakthrough are challenging to achieve production longevity. Inflow Control Devices (ICD) is a proved tool in oil industry, which can delay the water encroachment by creating uniform drawdown across wellbore section. The production performance of ICD wells indicated stability of water cut for longer period as designed.

Answer products is the key to monitor downhole production profile to ensure the functionality of ICD units. Some reservoirs are suffering from pressure depletion and artificial lift (ESP) was installed to deepest point to increase pump efficiency. This type of completions is limiting accessibility to collect downhole data for further action.

Besides, after period if the water shutoff is required, the well intervention inside ICD completion is challenging due to bore size limitation and materials availability.

Proactive action was taken to utilize the advanced technology of ICD Completion, which allows faster execution of Rigless shutoff and reduce Rigs demands.
Challenges on Sampling and Characterization of Heavy Oil in Deep Exploratory Wells: A Field Case Study
Authors: Rajkhowa Anupam , Al-Bader Haifa , Hameed Waleed Ahmad , Al-Nabhan Abdul Razzaq , Subban Pakkirisamy
Published: October 2015

The objective of this paper is to present the methodology adopted to overcome challenges faced during sampling and characterization of heavy oil in deep exploratory wells.

As a part of exploration activities, two exploratory wells had been successfully drilled and tested in deeper low permeability Lower Cretaceous reservoirs. Drill Stem Test (DST) technique is adopted to test all exploratory wells for collecting production, surface and bottom-hole pressure and temperature data and collection of fluid samples for fluid characterization. As the wells are tested with retrievable packer, coiled tubing (CT) is required during activation and stimulation operations due to absence of other lifting methods. In this case study wells, coiled tubing was lowered and the well was lifted continuously with nitrogen for clean-up and to assess production behavior as there was no self-flow. Surface samples have been checked to assess contamination with diesel used for underbalance operations. Continuous nitrogen lifting helped to collect representative bottom-hole samples.

During testing, there was poor inflow of heavy oil of API 21–22 Deg, but the well could not be produced naturally in spite of repeated attempts. Matrix acid stimulation treatment was done to improve the productivity of the reservoir. Well flowed heavy oil and then gradually ceased to flow. Due to low mobility, self-flow could not be sustained. These pose significant challenges for well cleanup, flow studies and collection of representative sample for PVT analysis and fluid characterization.

Surface sampling was not favorable due to mixing with lifting nitrogen gases and only alternative method available was to collect Bottom-Hole Samples (BHS). However, proper cleanup was an issue for sampling operation. Continuous lifting with nitrogen helped to produce clean oil in both the wells. Compositional analysis was done on the nitrogen lifted sample to quantify the contamination level before lowering the down-hole sampler in order to capture representative BHS. As a result of this approach, representative samples could be captured and fluid characterization could be carried out with quality results. It has been planned to adopt the same methods in such type of situation in testing exploratory wells.

With the systematic approach representative samples could be successfully captured in both the wells where self-flow could not be sustained in spite of repeated attempts. Fluid characterization of heavy oil could be could be carried out in these two exploratory wells which are very valuable for further development planning of the reservoir / field.
Utilizing the Evolving Cement Mechanical Properties under Fatigue to Predict Cement Sheath Integrity
Authors: Shadravan Arash , Kias Evan , Lew Rolando , Maharidge Russ
Published: October 2015

Zonal isolation is critical for producing hydrocarbons in an economic and environmentally conscious manner. The isolation of wellbore fluids from the surrounding formation is achieved through effective cement placement. Cement is a brittle material which can fail when subjected to repeated application of stresses lesser in magnitude than the statically determined strength. In the field of mechanics of materials, repeated application of stress is referred to as fatigue loading. Well events such as hydraulic fracturing, completions or workover apply fatigue loads to the wellbore system, so it is important to understand the impact of fatigue on the mechanical behavior of the cement sheath. Many papers have investigated cement failure in wellbore systems under static load; however, few studies reviewed the effect of fatigue on cement mechanical properties. In this study, we investigated the evolution of cement elastic and strength properties under fatigue loading and evaluate the impact of the resulting changes in mechanical properties on cement sheath integrity.

A cement slurry design commonly used for wells in a US shale play was mixed and cured under downhole conditions. Three samples were failed to capture the unconfined compressive strength. Other samples from the same batch of cement were subjected to unconfined compressive fatigue cycles of 5, 20, 40 and 100 cycles respectively with a stress amplitude equal to 85 percent of the baseline unconfined compressive strength.

Axial stress and axial strain data were analyzed to determine the energy dissipated due to permanent deformation. Following fatigue loading, unconfined compressive strength and the elastic properties; Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were measured. The cement strength, elastic properties, and dissipated energy were analyzed in reference to the number of fatigue cycles. The elastic properties determined during fatigue testing were applied to an analytical model which calculates cement stress in a multi-layer wellbore system. Results show that cement elastic properties can evolve under fatigue loading and lead to otherwise un-anticipated cement sheath failure.
Intelligent Tool to Design Fracturing, Drilling, Spacer and Cement Slurry Fluids Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Shadravan Arash , Tarrahi Mohammadali , Amani Mahmood
Published: October 2015

Designing drilling fluids, spacers, cement slurries and fracturing fluids are all often done by trial and error in the laboratory. In the first step, the required properties of these fluids are categorized and then efforts will be started with a rough idea of the optimum composition. This first guess usually depends on the experience of the lab analyst or fluid engineer. Afterwards, the trial and error testing starts and it continues until the fluid design gets closer to the desired fluid criteria. There are several tests data that would not be used in this method and it is hard to digest a plethora of information by user. Trial and error could be time consuming, very costly and misleading. Today, there is a need for an intelligent system which uses all the available data (Big Data), even if the data sets are not close to the desired goal, and comprehensivly offers insights for fluid designs.

This paper conducted a thorough study on the application of the machine leaning based methodologies including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to reduce the costs of testing, integrating available experimental data and eliminating the need for personnel supervision. These practical nonlinear regression methods empowers efficient and fast prediction tools which do not require including complex physics of the underlying system while integrating all available data from different sources. GPR which is also known as Kriging in Geostatistics literature has exceptional advantages over traditional regression methods since it does not require a known form for regression function and also has the capability of determining estimation error and confidence interval. This machine learning based tool offers comprehensive insights for intelligent fluid design and considerably reduces the cost.
Testing the Stability of Mixed CO2/N2-Foam Using New Fluorosurfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul , Gajbhiye Rahul N. , Sultan Abdullah S. , Abu-Khamsin Sidqi
Published: October 2015

Foam enhanced oil recovery techniques involving super critical CO2 with surfactants are becoming popular these days due to the ability of foam to appreciably overcome problems like gravity override and viscous fingering. Foam lowers the mobility of the injected fluid consequently increasing the sweep efficiency. Several studies have been conducted to study the differences between CO2-foam and N2-foam which report that CO2 is unable to generate strong/stable foam above its supercritical point (1100 psi, 31°C) whereas N2-foam is unaffected by the increase in pressure and temperature. However, an in-depth investigation to test the stability of mixed CO2/N2–foam has not been carried out yet especially in sandstone porous media. In this work, a novel mixed CO2/N2-foam system was tested for stability for the first time in foot long sandstone cores using an amine oxide-based amphoteric fluorosurfactant.

The concentration of the surfactant solution was kept at 0.15 vol% which is above its critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.10 vol% that was determined through interfacial tension (IFT) measurements between sc-CO2 and surfactant solution at 1500 psi and 50°C. Foam flooding experiments were then performed at a temperature of 50°C and back-pressure of 1500 psi in which co-injection of sc-CO2, N2 and 0.15 vol% surfactant solution was carried out. N2/CO2 ratio was varied between 0-20% and in-situ foam quality was varied from 0.70 to 0.95. Each foam quality was maintained until steady state conditions prevailed. Strong foam or weak foam was characterized based on pressure drop across the core.

The results of this study show that as N2/CO2 ratio is increased from 0 to 20% an increased pressure drop across the core is observed even when the total injection rate is held constant leading to the conclusion that addition of N2 to sc-CO2 was able to generate a stronger (more viscous) foam. Average steady state pressure drop for 0.70 foam quality was 60 psi at 0% N2 and 140 psi at 20% N2 whereas for 0.80 foam quality it was 130 psi at 0% N2 and 170 psi at 20% N2. However, at 0.90 and 0.95 foam qualities average steady state pressure drop reduced to 125 psi at 0% N2 and 150 psi at 20% N2 implying that effect of N2 was most profound for 0.70 foam quality and least for 0.90 and 0.95 foam quality. Also, foam quality of 0.80 exhibits highest pressure drop with and without addition of N2. Steady state pressure drop was stable for about 0.5 PV of injection at all foam qualities indicating high foam stability with this surfactant.

This study provides a new and viable alternative for sc-CO2-foam flooding highlighting the effectiveness of addition of N2 to the foam system even at small proportions. The tested mixed CO2/N2-foam system could strengthen the potential of sc-CO2 EOR.
Steam-Foam Technology as an Option to Improve Steam Drive Efficiency
Authors: Bagheri S. R. , Clark H. P.
Published: October 2015

The steam-foam process is an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method which aims to improve the performance of a traditional steam drive by using a foaming surfactant. A Canadian thermal project under development in NW Alberta, which will use steam drive to recover extra heavy oil from the Bluesky Reservoir, is a good candidate for the application of steam-foam. A pilot test is planned to evaluate the benefits of the steam-foam process in this reservoir.

The steam-foam process is based on the use of a surfactant which, when co-injected with steam into the formation, generates foam. A candidate surfactant for steam-foam should be able to generate stable foam at high temperature, have a good thermal stability, a low rate of adsorption on the rock, and good solubility in brine. An experimental plan was designed to screen for appropriate surfactants to use in the field. Bulk foam height tests at high temperature, thermal degradation tests and static adsorption tests with disaggregated rock were carried out to screen the best surfactant. Two candidate surfactants were chosen based on the results. A pilot test plan was also developed for a proof-of-concept test of the candidate surfactant in the field. The primary success criterion for the test is an increase in the Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) of the injector well after the start of surfactant injection.

Core-flooding tests are currently underway to confirm the performance of the candidate surfactant in the porous medium and determine the value of parameters required for the pilot design. The generation of strong foam in the formation should result in not only a BHP increase in the injector, but also improvement of the Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR) and ultimate recovery. The oil uplift response is dependent on the pattern geometry and geology of the reservoir and may not be observed immediately. However, the BHP increase will be immediately observed provided that strong foam has been generated near the wellbore, and this is the focus of the proof-of-concept test. A more extensive field test is planned for a later date to evaluate SOR improvement and recovery uplift.