bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effects of Rosemary Extract and Treadmill Exercise on the Hippocampal Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Old Rats
Authors:   Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rasoolijazi Homa , Norouzi Ofogh Sattar ,   Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ababzadeh Shima ,   Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mehdizadeh Mehdi ,   Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shabkhiz Fatemeh ,   Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: A sequence of time-dependent changes can affect the brain’s functional capacity. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Forced Aerobic Exercise (FAE) versus the Rosemary Extract (RE) on the learning abilities and oxidative stress modulation in rats. Methods: Young and old rats received daily FAE and RE for 3 months. Using the Passive Avoidance (PA) test, we evaluated the learning and memory of the rats by Step-Through Latency (STL) score. We measured the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CATA), Malondialdehyde (MDA) enzymes levels, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus Results: FAE could significantly increase the STL score (P<0.001) among old rats similar to the rosemary extract consumption. The SOD, GPx, and CATA enzyme activities and the level of TAC significantly increased by the treatments (exercise: P<0.001 for SOD and TAC and P<0.05 for CATA, exercise/rosemary: P<0.001 for all enzymes, and rosemary: P<0.01 for SOD and TAC). Furthermore, the MDA level significantly decreased by the treatments (exercise and exercise/rosemary: P<0.001, rosemary: P<0.01). The partial Pearson test revealed the significant positive correlations between the score of STL (day 2) with the SOD (P<0.01) and TAC (P<0.05) levels and negative correlations between the MDA level and STL score in both days (P<0.05 for the first day and P<0.001 for the second day). Conclusion: Similar to the rosemary extract, FAE could increase the working memory and antioxidants activity in old rats in 3 months.
Gobernanza 2.0 y social media: comunidad, participación y pertenencia
Authors: Rodríguez Egaña Silvia
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los efectos de la tecnología 2.0 como herramienta de gobierno en las administraciones públicas neoliberales. El artículo  trata  la forma en que las redes sociales potencian el sentimiento de pertenencia, posibilitando interacciones entre los ciudadanos e instituciones, que superan las expectativas de los primeros en rapidez y personalización, generando un vínculo de pertenencia e identificación entre  ámbos. La participación en el contexto 2.0, se convierte en un ritual de pertenencia a comunidades de usuarios, vinculados al rededor de intereses concretos. Seguiremos la idea de Lazzarato acerca del gobierno de los signos para dar cuenta de cómo el márketing en los social media, actúa sobre un nivel de subjetivación prelingüístico que desborda el plano de la representación y de la legitimación institucional. El artículo estudia el caso de la cuenta de twitter de la policía nacional española, para ver cómo este cuerpo securitario emplea una estrategia de márketing y comunicación que trabaja sobre ese nivel prediscursivo, con el fin de constituirse como agente de cohesión social, como estrategia de mantenimiento del orden público dentro de un nuevo paradigma de policing
La lucha contra la pobreza en una unión europea en crisis
Authors: Estévez Araújo José
Published: August 2021

Este texto presenta una panorámica general de los problemas que plantea la investigación de la legitimidad de los procesos de toma de decisiones relativas a las políticas de lucha contra la pobreza y la exclusión social en el marco de la Estrategia 2020 de la Unión Europea. Estas políticas se adoptan mediante procesos de gobernanza y uno de los fundamentos de su legitimidad deriva de la participación efectiva de los interesados en la toma de decisiones. En el caso de la pobreza reviste especial importancia la implicación de las organizaciones que la combaten y de las propias personas pobres.
La lucha política por la vida campesina indígena en el campo jurídico. ¿es posible disputar el sentido del derecho como una forma de resistencia a la gubernamentabilidad neoliberal?
Authors: Troncoso Muñoz Katia
Published: August 2021

Partiendo de las tesis desarrolladas por Michel Foucault respecto del neoliberalismo como nuevo arte de gobernar, el derecho y las regulaciones normativas ocupan un lugar central en la formalización de la sociedad según el modelo de la empresa. La nueva gubernamentalidad neoliberal redefine la institución jurídica, las reglas del derecho, y el rol de los tribunales de justicia y arbitrales. En estas prácticas se imprimen las transformaciones del derecho internacional público, el surgimiento de los derechos humanos como nuevos universales y su institucionalidad en el período de la guerra fría. Si desde esta perspectiva sostenemos cómo hipótesis, que el desplazamiento de la lucha política hacía la lucha por el derecho, es un campo al que la propia gubernamentabilidad neoliberal desplazo la lucha política, por ello, a través de la judicialización de la política no se transforman las relaciones de poder, y se mantienen los modos actuales de apropiación y acumulación del capital. Entonces, nos proponemos analizar formas de resistencia a la judicialización de la política desde la propia acción política de los movimientos sociales, que aun utilizando el campo jurídico desplacen la lucha política al campo de la política, provocando la transformación de la institucionalidad jurídica como momento de esa praxis.
La compañía carbonífera san pedro de catamutún y su inserción regional como estrategia político-productiva: la unión, valdivia (1947-2000)
Authors: Sáez de la Fuente Yoselyn , Muñoz Sougarret Jorege
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación analiza a una empresa privada explotadora de carbón en la antigua Provincia de Valdivia, a partir de sus interrelaciones de mercado y sociales con empresas y actores políticos a escala regional, que le permitieron superar las frecuentes crisis carboníferas acaecidas en el país durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En la reconstrucción de la historia de la empresa, realizada desde informes ministeriales, documentos privados de la empresa y fuentes secundarias, destaca la participación de algunos de sus directores en diversas actividades económicas, políticas y culturales dentro de la ciudad de La Unión siendo, nuestra propuesta, la consideración de tales factores de integración como un elemento central en la evaluación del desempeño positivo de la empresa. Al punto que, a inicios del siglo XXI, era la mayor empresa productora e importadora de carbón de Chile.
¿Cómo explicar y resolver la crisis política chilena? Por un desarrollo ético y sostenible de Chile
Authors: Mario Sandoval Manríquez Mario , Bajoit Guy
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo presenta un conjunto de ideas teóricas orientadas a explicar y resolver la crisis política chilena actual; cada una de esas ideas está fundamentada con datos empíricos de la situación nacional. Al final del artículo, y sobre la base de este análisis, se presentan algunas líneas y propuestas de salida que tienen como objetivos reflexionar serenamente respecto de las soluciones posibles a la profunda crisis nacional.
Desenvolvimento como ideia unívoca: alguns apontamentos para a reflexão
Authors: Manrique García Diana , Engel Gerhardt Tatiana
Published: August 2021

O artigo surge como peça de uma proposta de pesquisa doutoral em andamento, ainda em construção e desconstrução, que parte de questionar o que estamos entendendo como desenvolvimento. O lugar de posicionamento, de enunciação precisa ser desestabilizado e abrir fissuras que possibilitem refletir e trazer a nossas discussões a complexidade, mutabilidade e incomensurabilidade dos mundos com os que se interage. Os olhares do desenvolvimento na academia seguem presos nas lógicas economicistas colonizadoras da modernidade e deixam de lado outras práticas e saberes como os produzidos na mesma America latina –o caso de bom viver entre outros conceitos- que podem aportar desafios e possibilidades epistêmicas para trabalhar uma década de realidades pigmentadas de catástrofes. Frente a isto, a academia, as ciências sociais e o trabalho social devem evitar as categorias reducionistas do mundo e possibilitar novos métodos e escritas que contribuam para dar conta da multiplicidade da vida. Fato que se pretende ilustrar com um estudo de caso da Amazônia boliviana.
Cartografía colonial de Osorno: el mapa Valdivia-Chiloé dibujado por mariano de pusterla, 1791
Authors: Lagos Altamirano Ramiro
Published: August 2021

Se analiza el mapa del Camino Real que conecta Valdivia y Chiloé: coordenadas, escalas, toponimia, hidrografía, vegetación, y el trazado del camino en función de estos fenómenos geográficos. Se relatan las tres expediciones de reconocimiento del terreno, encabezadas por Teodoro Negrón, que proporcionaron los datos necesarios para dibujar el mapa, el cual marca el inicio de la recuperación del territorio para el dominio español y la renovación del vínculo entre el territorio insular y el continente. La tenacidad del ingeniero Pusterla en su política de tratamiento amistoso y la colaboración eficaz del sargento Negrón permitieron la apertura del camino, que culmina con el dibujo de este bello mapa que viene a representar una acción estratégica, militar, económica y comercial.
Antofagasta: apuntes para una biociudadanía contra la necropolítica ecotoxicológica
Authors: Obando Cid Augusto , Infante Grandón Gonzalo
Published: August 2021

El presente texto es una revisión de antecedentes ecotoxicológicos, respecto de la contaminación del norte chileno y, particularmente, acerca de la contaminación por metales pesados y sustancias inorgánicas en Antofagasta; para reflexionar en torno al concepto de Necropolítica (Mbembe, 2011) y Necrocapitalismo (Banerjee, 2008).Considerando la evidencia empírica de la contaminación generada por la Gran Minería, en la Región de Antofagasta, esta debe ser entendida como acción Necropolítica; ya que la generación de riqueza minera, debido al proceso productivo, genera contaminación, lo que deteriora la salud y –dada su característica dosis/dependiente– es un proceso de producción de muerte. Se plantea que el costo vital de la producción económica capitalista minera, es a expensas de vidas humanas, que se sacrifican como contrapartida de este Necrocapitalismo.Por último, se releva la importancia fundamental del accionar individual/colectivo de la comunidad afectada, planteándose la aparición de un sujeto movimental; que fundamenta su acción colectiva en su propia condición biológica, como sujeto enfermo/contaminado (Petryna, 2002) por metales pesados y compuestos inorgánicos. En tanto, a través de la abogacía y accountability, emplazan al gobierno y sector empresarial de la minería, exigiendo acciones concretas, en relación con el derecho a la protección de la salud individual y colectiva.
Direito digital e os obstáculos para o meio judiciário
Authors: Machado Daniel Dias
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o direito digital e os desafios para o universo jurídico. Uma relevante lei é a nº 12.965/2014, o Marco Civil da Internet, esta qual firma a execução da Internet no Brasil, contendo nela a previsão de direitos para aqueles que fazem uso da internet e a responsabilidade civil dos que utilizam e dos que provém. O regulamento de delitos virtuais, denominado Lei Carolina Dieckmann (12.737/2012), definiu como delito a ação de penetrar aparelhos tecnológicos transportáveis com objetivo de ter para si, modificar ou excluir dados de um outro sujeito. Além dessa existe a Lei nº 13.709/2018, denominada Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD), a qual decreta o acesso a informações individuais, com fins de preservar os proprietários e possibilitar que seja feito uso ético e seguro. A Lei 9.854/19 compôs o Plano Nacional de Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things – IoT), determinando premissas importantes para a área indispensável da evolução tecnológica e da mudança digital, objetivando regulamentar e impulsionar a tecnologia no país. Tratou-se de revisão da literatura, baseando-se na busca de artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2020. Os fundamentos de informações utilizadas serão: SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online); google acadêmico.
La personalidad psicopatica en niños y sus posibles implicaciones. Un analisis prospectivo desde la teoria de Robert Hare
Authors: Machado Daniel Dias , Kawakam Roland
Published: August 2021

Desde hace algún tiempo, la psicopatía se considera como una entidad clínicamente controvertida, sin embargo, las últimas investigaciones indican que es una entidad clínica necesaria y que puede ser útil para la sociedad en general por su gran valor predictivo de la repetición de conductas delictivas, violentas y de abuso sexual pero la psicopatía infantil además apoyará en el diagnostico tratamiento y mejoría de caracteristicas y rasgos que puedan presentar como muestra de una conducta psicopatica incipiente en niños y jovenes a traves de teorías o instrumentos de medición como los expresados por Robert Hare. De allí que la presente investigación documental, a traves de las tecnicas de recolección de datos bibliograficos busque como objetivo general Analizar la personalidad psicopatica en niños desde la perspectiva de la teoría de Robert Hare y a traves de la estructura metodologica hermeneutica realizar un analisis, conclusiones o recamendaciones que a futuro logren disminuir los casos de extrema violencia qe se reflejan a diario en nuestra sociedadpor causa de personas psicopatas.
Conocimiento sobre formas de prevención y contagio de ITS entre estudiantes matriculados en Escuelas Estatales de la Ciudad de Macapá, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Salviano Ana Laura Góes , Santana Giovanna Rocha , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Santos Bruno Rodrigues dos , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: August 2021

La sexualidad comenzó a ser vista como un ámbito positivo de la acción humana, en este contexto, comenzó a valorar la educación sexual, planteando discusiones sobre su importancia. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el conocimiento sobre las formas de contagio y la prevención de las ITS. Este estudio se realizó en 03 escuelas estatales de nivel primario y secundario. La muestra estuvo constituida por 287 estudiantes matriculados regularmente en estas escuelas que abarcaban el 8º grado/ 7º grado de la escuela primaria hasta el 3º año de secundaria. En este estudio se recogieron datos sobre sexo, edad, estado civil, educación y otros. La mayoría de los participantes ya han tenido contacto con el término ITS; sin embargo, todavía tiene creencias sobre sus formas de transmisión. Existe la necesidad de abordar la sexualidad con un aspecto más natural y positivo de la vida humana, proporcionando la discusión libre de las normas y patrones de comportamiento y el debate de las actitudes.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ РОБІТНИКІВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ
Authors: Онищенко Алла
Published: August 2021

Актуальність визначається  необхідністю: розвитку професійної компетентності кваліфікованих робітників сфери послуг протягом всього життя як головної умови успішності Beauty-майстрів на динамічному інноваційному ринку індустрії краси; створення в закладах освіти відповідного освітньо-розвивального середовища для формування у слухачів підприємницької й економічної компетентності, вдосконалення творчих і комунікативних здібностей, розвитку мотивації до професійного вдосконалення, самоосвіти та самонавчання.
Мета: визначення та обґрунтування педагогічних умов розвитку професійної компетентності кваліфікованих робітників (косметиків, манікюрників та перукарів-модельєрів) у процесі курсової підготовки в Навчальних центрах підприємств сфери послуг.
Методи: теоретичні (індукція, дедукція, синтез та узагальнення); емпіричні (дослідження та аналіз педагогічного досвіду); опитувально-діагностичні (анкетування); метод експертного оцінювання (коефіцієнт конкордації Кендалла).
Результати: конкретизовано та обґрунтовано педагогічні умови розвитку професійної компетентності кваліфікованих робітників сфери послуг.
Висновки: з’ясовано, що розвиток професійної компетентності кваліфікованих робітників сфери послуг потребує спеціально створених педагогічних умов для уможливлення позитивної динаміки професійного вдосконалення, набуття інноваційного досвіду та активізації самоосвіти й самонавчання з урахуванням рівня фахової підготовленості до виконання посадових обов’язків в умовах підприємства сфери послуг та відповідно до власних потреб і запитів особистості; виокремлено й обґрунтовано ці педагогічні умови (підвищення рівня мотивації до безперервного професійного вдосконалення; розвиток фахових знань і вмінь у Школі Beauty-майстерності; застосування інноваційних технологій навчання; участь у заходах фахового спрямування).
A Enfermagem na Prevenção e Controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde
Authors: Costa Adriele , Steffen Giovana , Marafon Pinheiro Jaqueline , Casaril dos Santos Cargnin Márcia
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Diante do atual cenário mundial referente à saúde, seus desafios, qualidade assistencial e segurança do paciente relacionado à crescente incidência de infecções, objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a produção do conhecimento acerca da assistência de enfermagem e do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar na prevenção e controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde. Método: O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma Revisão Integrativa da literatura, examinando artigos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2019, coletados na plataforma Scientifie Eleetronie Library Online, resultando em 14 artigos incluídos. Resultados: foram obtidos cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção de Infecções da Corrente Sanguínea, Infecções do Trato Urinário, Infecções do Trato Respiratório, Infecções do Sítio Cirúrgico, na prevenção da transmissão de infecções microbianas multirresistentes, e atribuições do Serviço de Controle de Infecções Hospitalares. Conclusão: Fica evidente a relevância da atuação da enfermagem diante das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde identificadas neste estudo, enfatizando a atuação do profissional enfermeiro, por ser um gestor de unidades, equipes e um dos membros da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. Ainda, sua atuação é fundamental na organização dos serviços para a promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos, implantação e seguimento de práticas seguras visando a qualidade da assistência e segurança do paciente, bem como o Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar.
MANIFESTAÇÕES DE ESTRESSE ENTRE ACADÊMICOS DE ENFERMAGEM DE UMA FACULDADE PRIVADA DO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Ernandes , Freitas Paloma Raquel de Sá , Jorge Sande Kelhe da Silva , Caldeira Maiza Barbosa , Araújo Rondinele Antunes de
Published: August 2021

Objetivou-se investigar as manifestações de estresse entre os acadêmicos do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade Verde Norte de Mato Verde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 29 acadêmicos. Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto a setembro de 2020 por meio de uma entrevista e analisados mediante Análise Temática. Os resultados mostraram como situações desencadeadoras de estresse o desafio de trabalhar em grupo na realização de trabalhos acadêmicos, as avaliações realizadas e o acúmulo de atividade derivadas da implantação do ensino híbrido no curso, somado à dificuldade de aprendizagem desse novo modelo de ensino. Reconhecem como sinais e sintomas do estresse a presença de ansiedade, insônia, cefaleia, alterações do humor, padrão de sono e apetite, os quais provocaram sentimentos negativos em relação à sobrecarga de tarefas, porém para amenizar os sinais, sintomas e sentimentos os estudantes leem, evitam situações que consideram estressantes, praticam atividade física e trocam experiências entre os colegas. Conclui-se que é necessário que as instituições de ensino superior e seus docentes façam reflexões sobre o impacto do estresse na vida dos estudantes para identificar as situações danosas de estresse. Assim, é importante a implementação de estratégias de apoio aos estudantes para gestão adequada do estresse.
SCAFFOLDING MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MODELING PROCESSES
Authors: Cheng Meng-Fei , Lin Jang-Long , Lin Shih-Yin , Cheng Chi-Ho
Published: August 2021

This research explores how scaffolding students’ reflections on scientific modeling criteria influence the students’ views on scientific models, development of explanatory models, and understanding of scientific models. This research recruited treatment groups and comparison groups in middle schools and high schools. The treatment groups adopted a modeling curriculum that was intended to help students engage in scientific modeling by developing scientific models of magnetism while considering scientific modeling criteria. The comparison groups used the traditional curriculum, which offers students scientific models of magnetism. The results show that the modeling curriculum enhanced the students’ views on scientific models and the students’ ability to develop explanatory models of magnetism and modeling criteria. Thus, the findings indicate that the modeling curriculum might serve as a promising tool to facilitate teaching scientific modeling to middle school and high school students, and that the curriculum should be promoted as early as middle school. Keywords: scientific modeling, modeling curriculum, nature of models and modeling, model development, model evaluation, magnetism concepts.
Síndrome de flujo vaginal (vaginitis / vaginosis): Actualización diagnóstica y terapéutica
Authors: Espitia Franklin De La Hoz
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: actualizar el diagnóstico y la terapéutica en el síndrome de flujo vaginal (vaginitis / vaginosis), en mujeres gestantes y no gestantes. Materiales y métodos: se hizo una revisión sistemática y búsqueda bibliográfica de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas, para identificar literatura relevante: Embase, Medline, Pubmed, entre otras, y libros de texto impresos; por medio de términos de búsqueda libres y estandarizados. Entre enero de 1991 y enero de 2021; sin restricción de idioma. Los comparadores incluyeron vaginosis bacteriana (VB), candidiasis vulvovaginal (CVV) e infección por Trichomonas vaginalis. Resultados: se incluyeron 93 estudios. La VB es la infección vaginal más prevalente (40-50%) en mujeres en edad reproductiva, seguida por la CVV (20-25%). La cándida albicans es la especie más prevalente (60,3%); mientras que de las especies de Cándida no albicans, la Cándida tropicalis (9,9%) y la Cándida glabrata (12,2%) son las que prevalecen. La Gardnerella vaginalis es la causante del 19,5% de VB. La tricomoniasis vaginal es la Infección de Transmisión Sexual (no Viral) más común (0,8- 3,2 %). Conclusiones: la VB es la infección vaginal más prevalente en mujeres en edad reproductiva, seguida de la CVV. La Cándida albicans es la especie más prevalente en la CVV mientras que la Gardnerella vaginalis predomina en la VB. Se requieren acciones de intervención urgentes que permitan mejorar las medidas de prevención de las infecciones vaginales, con el propósito de disminuir tanto la prevalencia como las complicaciones.
Hunting quotas, selectivity and stochastic population dynamics challenge the management of wild reindeer
Authors: Peeters B , Pedersen ÅØ , Veiberg V , Hansen BB
Published: August 2021

Wildlife managers adjust harvest quotas based on population changes and specific management goals, like controlling population size and demography or minimizing human-�wildlife interactions. However, establishing quotas that best meet these goals can be challenging due to e.g. population fluctuations, climate change, and bias or variation in harvest effort. High-Arctic Svalbard reindeerRangifer tarandus platyrhynchusexperience strong interannual variation in population size and demographic structure due to environmental stochasticity. Here, we analyzed the demographic and spatial bias of reindeer harvest in relation to quota regulations, hunter preferences, and population dynamics. Despite the protective management goal to avoid demographic impacts, 30 yr of data revealed that the harvest was consistently biased towards yearlings and male adults. This hunting selectivity resulted from both hunter preferences and the coarse license categories separating ‘calf’, ‘yearling or female adult’, and ‘free choice’ licenses. We developed Bayesian multinomial likelihood models to account for hunting selectivity and optimize annual quota distributions among license categories using population monitoring data. Optimized annual quota distributions varied strongly due to demographic fluctuations associated with strong climate variability, whereas simulated harvest offtakes showed that the protective management goal is inherently challenged by the coarse license categories. Although on average, only 7% of the hunted population was harvested annually, we found strong spatial variation in harvest pressure, with potential implications for spatial population dynamics. Our adaptive management approach accounting for hunting selectivity and demographic fluctuations can be of general relevance for harvested species in stochastic environments.
Climate change assessment using spatial climate datasets: Theodore Roosevelt National Park (South Unit), 1895-2019
Authors: Todhunter PE , DeVries R
Published: August 2021

Climate change poses a major challenge to park managers of the United States National Park Service. Several studies have surveyed system-wide climate change, but limited funds prevent the development of local-scale climate change studies. We examined climate change at Theodore Roosevelt National Park (South Unit) in Medora, North Dakota (USA), using spatial climate datasets. We surveyed the period 1895-2019 to provide a long-term perspective, and more closely analyzed the period 1960-2019, when the quality assurance of the database was highest, concerns over anthropogenic climate change effects were greatest, and relevance to current management was most critical. Our results show moderate changes over the past 60 yr. Interannual and decadal-scale climatic variation dominated long-term climate and weakened the statistical significance of most long-term climate trends. The most pronounced changes were an increase in mean annual minimum air temperature and a decrease in mean annual diurnal temperature range. Mean annual precipitation showed a small increase, while an increase in fall precipitation was the most pronounced seasonal precipitation change. Estimated snow water equivalent and snow fraction increased slightly. Climatic water balance results indicate an increase in mean annual soil moisture storage and annual moisture index. Vegetation growing season changes include an increase in the frost-free season length but a decrease in the length of the thermal growing season. The sign and magnitude of change of individual climate variables is sensitive to the period of record examined. Study results provide a baseline for park managers to assess climate change impacts upon grassland productivity, wildfire hazard, and invasive species, and reveal an opportunity to lengthen the tourism season in this summer peak tourism climate.
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN FINTECH SYARIAH TERHADAP MODAL KERJA, OMZET PENJUALAN, DAN LABA BERSIH UKM (STUDI PADA ALAMI SHARIA)
Authors: Purba Nauvalsev Abdul , Sardiana Anna
Published: August 2021

The presence of a number of fintech companies contributes to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) in meeting their business capital needs. This answered an opinion which stated that SMEs have problems in accessing finance, one of which is the lack of access to formal sources of funds, either due to the absence of banks in remote areas or the unavailability of adequate information. There is so much potential for Islamic fintech financing that it deserves attention, but to this day there are still few scientific papers published to see whether Islamic fintech has a role in developing the financial performance of SMEs. Data analysis techniques and hypothesis testing in this study used the SmartPLS program. There is sufficient evidence that financing measures can improve the financial performance of SMEs in terms of working capital performance and sales turnover, while for net income it takes time to see the positive trend of PT Alami Fintek Sharia financing.
A Study of Key Factors Influencing Youth Voter Turnout
Authors: Zhu Claire
Published: August 2021

Youth voters between 18 and 29 years of age have consistently had the lowest turnout among all age groups in U.S. elections. This research analyzed from a youth perspective the major factors that are known to impact general voter turnout to determine their distinct influence, or lack thereof, on young voters. The key findings, detailed in this paper, are: The commonly known factors that impact general population’s voting participation have a markedly different level of influence on the current and future voters from their pre-voting-eligible ages to late twenties. Race and ethnicity, social media, geography, income, and education are among the weightier factors that affect young voters’ decisions to vote. The outcome of this research lays the foundation for a study on a youth engagement framework consisting of specific strategies and actionable tactics to significantly boost their voting rates.
NLGN3 Upregulates Expression of ADAM10 to Promote the Cleavage of NLGN3 via Activating the LYN Pathway in Human Gliomas
Authors: Dang Ning-Ning , Li Xiao-Bing , Zhang Mei , Han Chen , Fan Xiao-Yong , Huang Shu-Hong
Published: August 2021

The neuron derived synaptic adhesion molecular neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) plays an important role in glioma growth. While the role of autocrine NLGN3 in glioma has not been well-studied. The expression of NLGN3 in glioma was detected using immunohistochemistry. We further explored its function and regulatory mechanism in U251 and U87 cells with high expression of NLGN3. Knockdown of endogenous NLGN3 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells and down-regulated the activity of the PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2, and LYN signaling pathways. In comparison, overexpression of NLGN3 yielded opposite results. Our results further demonstrate that LYN functions as a feedback mechanism to promote NLGN3 cleavage. This feedback regulation was achieved by upregulating the ADAM10 sheddase responsible for NLGN3 cleavage. Inhibition of ADAM10 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells; oppositely, the expression of ADAM10 was correlated with a higher likelihood of lower grade glioma (LGG) in the brain. Our study demonstrates that glioma-derived NLGN3 promotes glioma progression by upregulating activity of LYN and ADAM10, which in turn promote NLGN3 cleavage to form a positive feedback loop. This pathway may open a potential therapeutic window for the treatment of human glioma.
PepMANDIS: A Peptide Selection Tool for Designing Function-Based Targeted Proteomic Assays in Complex Microbial Systems
Authors: Medvecky Matej , Mandalakis Manolis
Published: August 2021

The majority of studies focusing on microbial functioning in various environments are based on DNA or RNA sequencing techniques that have inherent limitations and usually provide a distorted picture about the functional status of the studied system. Untargeted proteomics is better suited for that purpose, but it suffers from low efficiency when applied in complex consortia. In practice, the scanning capabilities of the currently employed LC-MS/MS systems provide limited coverage of key-acting proteins, hardly allowing a semiquantitative assessment of the most abundant ones from most prevalent species. When particular biological processes of high importance are under investigation, the analysis of specific proteins using targeted proteomics is a more appropriate strategy as it offers superior sensitivity and comes with the added benefits of increased throughput, dynamic range and selectivity. However, the development of targeted assays requires a priori knowledge regarding the optimal peptides to be screened for each protein of interest. In complex, multi-species systems, a specific biochemical process may be driven by a large number of homologous proteins having considerable differences in their amino acid sequence, complicating LC-MS/MS detection. To overcome the complexity of such systems, we have developed an automated pipeline that interrogates UniProt database or user-created protein datasets (e.g. from metagenomic studies) to gather homolog proteins with a defined functional role and extract respective peptide sequences, while it computes several protein/peptide properties and relevant statistics to deduce a small list of the most representative, process-specific and LC-MS/MS-amenable peptides for the microbial enzymatic activity of interest.
The Co-Development of Science, Math, and Language Interest Among Spanish and Finnish Secondary School Students
Authors: Sainz Milagros , Upadyaya Katja , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: August 2021

The present two studies with a 3-year longitudinal design examined the co-development of science, math, and language (e.g., Spanish/Finnish) interest among 1,317 Spanish and 804 Finnish secondary school students across their transition to post-compulsory secondary education, taking into account the role of gender, performance, and socioeconomic status (SES). The research questions were analyzed with parallel process latent growth curve (LGC) modeling. The results showed that Spanish students’ interest in each domain slightly decreased over time, whereas Finnish students experienced an overall high and relatively stable level of interest in all domains. Further, boys showed greater interest in math and science in both countries, whereas girls reported having a greater interest in languages. Moreover, Spanish and Finnish students with high academic achievement typically experienced high interest in different domains, however, some declines in their interest occurred later on.
Selective Catalytic Reduction System Ammonia Injection Control Based on Deep Deterministic Policy Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xie Peiran , Zhang Guangming , Niu Yuguang , Sun Tianshu
Published: August 2021

The control of flue gas emission in thermal power plants has been a topic of concern. Selective catalytic reduction technology has been widely used as an effective flue gas treatment technology. However, precisely controlling the amount of ammonia injected remains a challenge. Too much ammonia not only causes secondary pollution but also corrodes the reactor equipment, while too little ammonia does not effectively reduce the NOx content. In recent years, deep reinforcement learning has achieved better results than traditional methods in decision making and control, which provides new methods for better control of selective catalytic reduction systems. The purpose of this research is to design an intelligent controller using reinforcement learning technology, which can accurately control ammonia injection, and achieve higher denitrification effect and less secondary pollution. To train the deep reinforcement learning controller, a high-precision virtual denitration environment is first constructed. In order to make the virtual environment more realistic, this virtual environment was designed as a special structure with two decoders and a unique approach was used in fitting the virtual environment. A deep deterministic policy agent is used as an intelligent controller to control the amount of injected ammonia. To make the intelligent controller more stable, the actor-critic framework and the experience pool approach were adopted. The results show that the intelligent controller can control the emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia at the outlet of the reactor after training in virtual environment.
Reed Warbler Hosts Do Not Fine-Tune Mobbing Defenses During the Breeding Season, Even When Cuckoos Are Rare
Authors: Tolman Deryk , Campobello Daniela , Rönkä Katja , Kluen Edward , Thorogood Rose
Published: August 2021

Hosts of brood parasitic cuckoos often employ mobbing attacks to defend their nests and, when mobbing is costly, hosts are predicted to adjust their mobbing to match parasitism risk. While evidence exists for fine-tuned plasticity, it remains unclear why mobbing does not track larger seasonal changes in parasitism risk. Here we test a possible explanation from parental investment theory: parents should defend their current brood more intensively as the opportunity to replace it declines (re-nesting potential), and therefore “counteract” any apparent seasonal decline to match parasitism risk. We take advantage of mobbing experiments conducted at two sites where reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) experience (in Italy), or do not experience (in Finland), brood parasitism. We predicted that mobbing of cuckoos should be higher overall in Italy, but remain constant over the season as in other parasitised sites, whereas in Finland where cuckoos do not pose a local threat, we predicted that mobbing should be low at the beginning of the season but increase as re-nesting potential declined. However, while cuckoos were more likely to be mobbed in Italy, we found little evidence that mobbing changed over the season at either the parasitized or non-parasitized sites. This suggests that re-nesting potential has either little influence on mobbing behavior, or that its effects are obscured by other seasonal differences in ecology or experience of hosts.
Comparative Study of Acute Lung Injury in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Huang Xing , Ding Daoyin , Zhang Jinhui , Xu Liusheng , Hu Zhenkui , Xu Wenrong , Tao Zhimin
Published: August 2021

Background: Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we analyzed clinical characteristics of acute lung injury (ALI) in COVID-19 patients and reported their similarity and dissimilarity to those of non-COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We reported on 90 COVID-19 and 130 non-COVID-19 ALI patients in the ICUs of multiple centers. Demographic data, medical histories, laboratory findings, and radiological images were analyzed and compared between the two cohorts and within each cohort between survivors and non-survivors. For ALI survivors, clinical characteristics before and after treatment were also compared.

Findings: Aberrations in blood parameters, such as leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia, were observed in both cohorts. More characteristic abnormalities, including significantly higher red cell distribution width (RDW), C-reactive proteins, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) but lower troponin (TnT) and procalcitonin, were observed in the COVID-19 cohort than in the non-COVID-19 cohort, whereas D-dimer levels showed a similar elevation in both cohorts. The COVID-19 cohort also showed more diversified CT patterns where severe features such as consolidations and crazy paving patterns were more frequently observed. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, fever symptom, prothrombin time, procalcitonin, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, oxygenated hemoglobin, and crazy paving patterns in CT scans were independent risk factors associated with COVID-19.

Interpretation: Comparison of ALI characteristics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the ICU setting provided insight into the pathogenesis of ALI induced by different risk factors, suggesting distinct treatment plans.
Physiology of the Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacterium Candidatus Nitrotoga sp. CP45 Enriched From a Colorado River
Authors: Lantz Munira A. , Boddicker Andrew M. , Kain Michael P. , Berg Owen M. C. , Wham Courtney D. , Mosier Annika C.
Published: August 2021

Nitrogen cycling microbes, including nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), perform critical ecosystem functions that help mitigate anthropogenic stresses and maintain ecosystem health. Activity of these beneficial nitrogen cycling microbes is dictated in part by the microorganisms’ response to physicochemical conditions, such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability. NOB from the newly described Candidatus Nitrotoga genus have been detected in a wide range of habitats across the globe, yet only a few organisms within the genus have been physiologically characterized. For freshwater systems where NOB are critical for supporting aquatic life, Ca. Nitrotoga have been previously detected but little is known about the physiological potential of these organisms or their response to changing environmental conditions. Here, we determined functional response to environmental change for a representative freshwater species of Ca. Nitrotoga (Ca. Nitrotoga sp. CP45, enriched from a Colorado river). The physiological findings demonstrated that CP45 maintained nitrite oxidation at pH levels of 5–8, at temperatures from 4 to 28°C, and when incubated in the dark. Light exposure and elevated temperature (30°C) completely halted nitrite oxidation. Ca. Nitrotoga sp. CP45 maintained nitrite oxidation upon exposure to four different antibiotics, and potential rates of nitrite oxidation by river sediment communities were also resilient to antibiotic stress. We explored the Ca. Nitrotoga sp. CP45 genome to make predictions about adaptations to enable survival under specific conditions. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of the versatility of a representative freshwater Ca. Nitrotoga sp. Identifying the specific environmental conditions that maximize NOB metabolic rates may ultimately direct future management decisions aimed at restoring impacted systems.
A Processing Pipeline for Quantifying Lenticulostriate Artery Vascular Volume in Subcortical Nuclei
Authors: Wei Ning , Zhang Xianchang , An Jing , Zhuo Yan , Zhang Zihao
Published: August 2021

Lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) supply blood to the basal ganglia region. Its lesion causes lacunar stroke and resulting neurological syndromes. However, due to its small caliber and large individual variance, the evaluation of LSAs was limited to descriptive and objective measurements. In this study, we aimed to develop a post-processing method to quantify LSAs in subcortical regions and compare their vascular volume to conventional LSA measurements. A processing pipeline was designed to extract subcortical areas in individual spaces while screening out vessels. The vascular volume of LSAs in the subcortical region was calculated from time-of-flight-magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) at 7 Tesla. The reproducibility was tested to be good for the vascular volume (n = 5, ICCA = 0.84). Comparing the results to conventional measurements, the vascular volume was significantly correlated with the number of branches (r = 0.402, p < 0.001) and the length (r = 0.246, p = 0.032) of LSAs. By applying the method to a group of healthy volunteers (n = 40), we found that most LSAs crossing through the putamen which thereby has the highest vascular density among subcortical nuclei. In general, we proposed a semi-automated processing pipeline for quantifying the vascular volume of LSAs in subcortical regions. The novel method was tested to be robust and provided reasonable results. This method revealed spatial relationships among the perforating arteries and basal ganglia. The vascular volume can be used to evaluated blood supply of subcortical regions, benefiting the radiologic evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases caused by small vascular lesions.
Elucidating the Molecular Mechanism of Ischemic Stroke Using Integrated Analysis of miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA Expression Profiles
Authors: Sun Yaxuan , Wang Jing , Han Bin , Meng Kun , Han Yan , Ding Yongxia
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke through the construction of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. miRNA expression profile in GSE55937, mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in GSE122709, and mRNA expression profile in GSE146882 were downloaded from the NCBI GEO database. After the identification of the differentially expressed miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA using GSE55937 and GSE122709 in ischemic stroke vs. control groups, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The lncRNA-miRNA, lncRNA-mRNA, and miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted, and a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Additionally, the gene-drug interactions were predicted. Characteristic genes were used to construct a support vector machine (SVM) model and verified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In total 38 miRNAs, 115 lncRNAs, and 990 mRNAs were identified between ischemic stroke and control groups. A PPI network with 371 nodes and 2306 interaction relationships was constructed. The constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network contained 7 mRNAs, 14 lncRNAs, such as SND1-IT1, NAPA-AS1, LINC01001, LUCAT1, and ASAP1-IT2, and 8 miRNAs, such as miR-93-3p and miR-24-3p. The drug action analysis of the seven differential mRNAs included in the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network showed that four genes (GPR17, ADORA1, OPRM1 and LPAR3) were predicted as molecular targets of drugs. The area under the curve of the constructed SVM model was 0.886. The verification results of the relative expression of RNA by qRT-PCR were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. LPAR3, ADORA1, GPR17, and OPRM1 may serve as therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke. lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis such as SND1-IT1/NAPA-AS1/LINC01001-miR-24-3p-LPAR3/ADORA1 and LUCAT1/ASAP1-IT2-miR-93-3p-GPR17 may play important roles in the progression of ischemic stroke.