bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN STRATEGI PEMANTAUAN DAN PENINJAUAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DALAM MENDUKUNG AGENDA PENATAAN REGULASI
Authors: Lumbantoruan Gunardi SA
Published: October 2022

Pemantauan dan peninjauan peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam melaksanakan penataan regulasi, sehingga diperlukan desain strategi yang tepat guna memaksimalkan pelaksanaannya. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penulisan ini adalah, pertama: bagaimana konsepsi pemantauan dan peninjauan?, kedua, bagaimana strategi yang tepat dalam pemantauan dan peninjauan di lingkungan pemerintah?. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemantauan dan peninjauan dilakukan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian hasil, dampak, dan kemanfaatan dari suatu peraturan. Pemantauan dan peninjauan bersifat retrospective, dan tujuannya adalah untuk rule improvement goal. Strategi yang dinilai tepat guna memaksimalkan pelaksanaan pemantauan dan peninjauan di lingkungan Pemerintah adalah melalui perluasan objek, penentuan kriteria pemilihan objek, penentuan lembaga pelaksana dengan hybrid institusional approach, menciptakan metode yang tepat dan panduan yang jelas, mengintegrasikan pemantauan dan peninjauan dengan penyusunan prolegnas prioritas tahunan dan program penyusunan PP/Perpres, menyiapkan kerangka evaluasi dalam naskah akademik, serta penggalakan partisipasi publik. Saran: perlu dilakukan perubahan terhadap Perpres 87/2014. Selain itu institusi yang bertanggung jawab perlu membangun metode yang tepat dan panduan pelaksanaan yang jelas.
ANALISIS MANFAAT-BIAYA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN REGULASI: PRAKTIK, KRITIK, DAN INSTRUMEN DEMOKRATIK
Authors: Ramadhan Choky Risda
Published: October 2022

 

Analisis Manfaat-Biaya (AMB) atau Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) marak diperbincangkan sebagai suatu metode meninjau usulan atau pelaksanaan kebijakan dan program (kebijakan/program). Istilah AMB atau CBA disebut dalam dokumen panduan penyusunan Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang, panduan evaluasi peraturan perundang-undangan, hingga perencanaan pembangunan. Akan tetapi, informasi mengenai praktik AMB dalam dokumen tersebut ataupun literatur ilmiah sangat terbatas. AMB merupakan metode untuk meninjau atau menilai (assessment) suatu kebijakan dengan mengukur segala dampaknya berdasarkan satuan moneter (uang). Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengisi kesenjangan literatur mengenai konsep dan panduan praktis  untuk memahami tahapan dan teknik AMB.  Selain itu, artikel ini juga membahas mengenai berbagai kritik terhadap AMB yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan hak individual dan konsepsi keadilan yang terlalu individualis dan hedonistik. Kritik tersebut direspon dengan berbagai perkembangan AMB kontemporer yang juga mempertimbangkan perlindungan diri dan konsepsi keadilan yang lebih luas. Selain itu, artikel ini mempertahankan penggunaan AMB sebagai salah satu instrumen demokratik dalam penyusunan dan evaluasi kebijakan/program. 
How to Better Treat Patients with Intermittent Exotropia: A Review of Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min
Published: October 2022

Intermittent exotropia (X(T)) is the most common form of strabismus, especially in Asians. Treatment of X(T) includes occlusion, overminus lens, and surgery, of which, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Commonly performed surgical procedures for X(T) are bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession or unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection; however, it is unclear which of the two surgeries is more effective. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight on the surgical treatment of X(T). Randomized controlled trials, comparative observational studies, and case series with a large number of patients as well as a long follow-up period of over a year were included.
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Associated with Fatness: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: S Haddout , O WAJIH , K IKOUCH , M JALAL , A LAMRISSI , S BOUHYA
Published: October 2022

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy LGMD is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle atrophy in the scapular and pelvic regions. Associated with pregnancy, LGMD represents a management challenge, because of preexisting or exaggerated pregnancy complications. In the light of a clinical case and through a review of the literature, we will discuss the different aspects of this pregnancy-related pathology.
Why Do People Misdiagnose Themselves with Food Hypersensitivity? An Exploration of the Role of Biopsychosocial Factors
Authors: C. Knibb Rebecca
Published: October 2022

Up to 35% of people self-diagnose food allergy or intolerance (food hypersensitivity [FH]), or diagnose it in their child, and self-manage the condition rather than seek a clinical diagnosis. This is much higher than the latest FH prevalence rate, estimated to affect 2–5% of the general population. The actual prevalence rate may be underestimated due to the lack of diagnostic services; however, this can only account for a small proportion of the discrepancy because only a small percentage of self-reported FH can be clinically confirmed. Many people are therefore misdiagnosing their or their child’s symptoms as FH and needlessly removing foods from their or their child’s diet. There are a number of possible reasons for this misdiagnosis, which can be considered from a biopsychosocial perspective. Psychological factors include a confusion over the diagnosis, coincidental pairing of food and symptom, psychological or psychosomatic reactions, and taste aversions. There are also biological mechanisms that have not been fully considered in food allergy research that may be relevant, such as conditioning of the immune system or stress responses. A social context pertains to a greater awareness of FH due to media coverage and changes in food labelling laws. Any of these theories are plausible, but the research to date has a number of methodological issues. Most studies report on small self-selected samples recruited from clinics and there is a lack of general population data. Studies also tend to be cross-sectional, which does not allow cause and effect to be established. Future research needs to include longitudinal designs that incorporate qualitative elements to enable a detailed exploration of reasons why people self and misdiagnose FH.
Recent Updates on Corticosteroid Resistance in Asthma
Authors: Panda Lipsa , Mabalirajan Ulaganathan
Published: October 2022

Corticosteroids are one of the most effective medications available for a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diseases, and chronic lung diseases such as asthma; however, 5–10% of asthma patients respond poorly to corticosteroids and require high doses, secondary immunosuppressants, such as calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate, or disease-modifying biologics that can be toxic and/or expensive. Though steroid-resistant asthma affects a small percentage of patients, it consumes significant health resources and contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality. In addition, the side effects caused by excessive use of steroids dramatically impact patients’ quality of life. Recognition of patients who respond poorly to steroid therapy is important due to the persistent and considerable problems they face in managing their conditions, which bears a significant socioeconomic burden. Along with the recognition of such patients, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of steroid resistance is equally important, so that administration of a high dosage of steroids, and the consequent adverse effects, can be avoided. This review provides an update on the mechanisms of steroid function and the possible new therapeutic modalities to treat steroid-resistant asthma.
Natural Killer Cells and Their Role in Immunity
Authors: Sharrock Jessica
Published: October 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes that play protective roles against both infectious pathogens and cancer. Although NK cells contribute to the innate immune system, they have a number of similarities to cells of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. Recent discoveries have also shown that NK cells are capable of adapting and developing into long-lived memory cells, providing new functional insights into the roles of innate immune cells. In this article, the author provides an overview of human and murine NK cell development, function, and memory, as well as their role in viral infection and cancer.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: New Ways to Shape the Gut Microbiome in Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Authors: Jeffreys Stephen
Published: October 2022

Prof O’Mahony began by discussing how the human gut is colonised by a wide diversity of microbes. He went on to review the evidence for how they exhibit highly evolved synergistic relationships to provide essential biological functions to the host and how the gut microbiome is influenced by many factors in early life. Prof Renz proceeded to describe the importance of establishing a stable gut microbial community, which closely tracks host growth and immune development. The mechanisms whereby delays or alterations in the establishment of these communities can lead to microbiome immaturity, raise the risk of allergy development including cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Dr Forbes-Blom introduced the multiplicity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and explained their position as multifunctional components that shape the developing gut microbiome and influence the developing immune system. Finally, Prof Nowak-Wegrzyn reviewed the latest trial data on supplementing specialty formulas for the management of CMPA with different HMO and reported the results.
Conditions for the formation of the subcoal and supracoal units of the Yu1 horizon in the northwestern part of the Kalgach inclined megaswell
Authors: Ayunova D. V. , Kanakova K. I. , Ibragimova S. M.
Published: October 2022

The work is devoted to the reconstruction of the formation conditions of the Yu horizon in the south of the Tomsk region. The investigation objects are situated in the region of transition from marine conditions to terrestrial, which affected the variegated lithofacies composition of the deposits and the complex geometry of sedimentary bodies. The study was based on the results of sedimentological analysis of the core, carried out by lithologists of the IPGG and the Tomsk State University, published in stock materials, as well as well logging data for 381 wells.
Теоретична аргументація в історичному наративі України другої половини ХІХ – першої половини ХХ ст. (на прикладі досліджень з історії освіти)
Authors: Ilnytskyi Vasyl , Haliv Mykola
Published: October 2022

Мета статті – представити результати дослідження щодо застосування теоретичної аргументації у працях істориків освіти, які жили та працювали на теренах України упродовж другої половини ХІХ – першої половини ХХ ст.

Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше на основі праць істориків освіти проаналізовано способи теоретичної аргументації у науково-історичних наративах учених України, показано найбільш характерні, а подекуди, і нехарактерні вживання дедуктивної, системної та методологічної аргументації дослідниками історії освіти.

Висновки. Теоретична аргументація у працях істориків досліджуваного періоду набула масштабного використання під впливом філософських вчень позитивізму, марксизму, різноманітних течій неоромантизму та неокантіанства. У межах теоретичної аргументації вчені активно послуговувалися дедуктивною та системною аргументацією. Першу активно використовували навіть історики-позитивісти, які декларували симпатії до індукції, а до дедуктивних обґрунтувань ставилися, як до непотрібної метафізики. Зауважимо, що переконливість дедуктивних обґрунтувань залежала від переважно теоретично визначених головних засновків і фактологічних менших засновків. У розлогих обґрунтуваннях головні та менші засновки часто були висновками інших дедуктивних та індуктивних силогізмів. З’ясовано, що під впливом ідеологічних доктрин або хибних наукових (псевдонаукових) теорій, дедуктивна аргументація у працях дослідників історії освіти була націлена на доведення неправильних тверджень. З цієї ж причини траплялися і випадки порушення правил логіки при обґрунтуванні положень, головний засновок яких диктувався ідеологічними постулатами.

Системна ж аргументація особливо послідовно втілювалася українськими істориками освіти у радянську добу, що було спричинено домінуванням марксистського вчення. Подекуди історики освіти будували свої обґрунтування в рамках певних теорій: мовознавчих, політично-правових, власне історичних та ін. Прикладом системної аргументації є використання вченими історико-теоретичних концептів, яким надавалася певна пояснювальна сила. До методологічної аргументації вчені вдавалися нечасто, лише в умовах, коли розуміли, що тільки застосування одного методу буде найбільш оптимальним. Серед українських вчених досліджуваного періоду лише Г. Іваниця спробував запропонувати універсальний метод («метод соціально-генетичного аналізу») для вивчення поглядів історичних діячів у сфері освіти. Однак, запропонований ним метод відзначався марксистською схематичністю, зумовлену помилковими уявленнями про «класову свідомість».
MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN DIGITAL MENJADI A REMARKABLE CONTENT CREATOR DI SMA NEGERI 1 KOTA TERNATE, MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Astri Dwi Jayanti Suhandoko  , Mohbir Umasugi  , Lisda Ariani Simabur
Published: October 2022

Revolusi Industri 4.0 membawa perubahan yang substansial pada setiap aspek kehidupan. Pada era ini teknologi komunikasi dan informasi berkembang begitu pesat sehingga mempermudah pekerjaan dan kepentingan banyak individu. Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal menjadi salah satu tempat yang memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut secara gradual untuk proses pembelajaran. Menjumpai hal tertera pendidik dan peserta didik harus dibekali kompetensi abad 21 sehingga tidak hanya mampu menggunakan teknologi tetapi juga menguasai perkembangan pengetahuan saat ini. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang hendak kami lakukan ini merupakan manifestasi dari upaya pembekalan kompetensi abad 21 yakni menumbuhkan minat dan keterampilan menjadi content creator yang mampu menghasilkan produk digital di berbagai bentuk media. Program PkM didapuk dengan nama “Generation Unlimited Youth Challenge” yang terdiri dari penyediaan kelengkapan perlengkapan digital, pelatihan menjadi content creator, dan lomba menghasilkan produk digital terbaik. Peneliti memilih SMA 1 Ternate sebagai lokasi pelaksanaan PKM yang akan berlangsung pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2021.
PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK DALAM PEMBUATAN PUPUK DI PURI TAMAN SARI KEC. TAMALATE KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurazizah Aliah  , A. Rachmat Wirawan
Published: October 2022

Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) merupakan tanaman air yang tergolong gulma yang banyak tumbuh subur di danau maupun di sungai di seluruh Indonesia. Tanaman enceng gondok belakangan dikategorikan sebagai hama karena dianggap mengancam ekosistem dengan menurunkan jumlah spesies asli dan menimbulkan dampak negatif pada aspek sosial ekonomi seperti pendangkalan perairan, rusaknya habitat perikanan serta menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya banjir dengan peluapan air sungai. Selain itu proses pembersihan enceng gondok oleh petugas kebersihan pemerintah setempat mengakibatkan penumpukan enceng gondok di bahu jalan menjadikan lingkungan terlihat kotor dan kumuh juga mempersempit akses jalur kendaraan yang berimbas pada kemacetan. Tujuan dari PKM ini adalah bagaimana mengatasi permasalahan enceng gondok serta memanfaatkan enceng gondok menjadi Pupuk. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan PKM ini yakni dengan melakukan observasi langsung ke tempat mitra di Puri Taman Sari Kec. Tamalate Kota Makassar yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan melakukan pelatihan kepada kelompok warga setempat terkait pengolaan enceng gondok menjadi pupuk dengan metode komposting. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan membagi warga kedalam beberapa kelompok kecil dan setiap kelompok diberikan pelatihan teknis pembuatan alat dan cara mengolah enceng gondok menjadi pupuk. Dengan pengolaan enceng gondok oleh warga menghasilkan 2 (dua) macam jenis pupuk yakni dalam bentuk padat (kompos) dan dalam bentuk cair yang telah diujicobakan terhadap tanaman warga. Dari kegiatan ini telah ditemukan solusi bagaimana mengatasi masalah pencemaran lingkungan oleh enceng gondok serta menjadi barang berhasil guna dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.
Manufacturing processes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp
Authors: Leonard Stephanie A. , Ogawa Yasushi , Jedrzejewski Paul T. , Maleki Soheila J. , Chapman Martin D. , Tilles Stephen A. , Du Toit George , Mustafa S. Shahzad , Vickery Brian P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Important components of drug safety, efficacy, and acceptability involve manufacturing and testing of the drug substance and drug product. Peanut flour sourcing/processing and manufacturing processes may affect final drug product allergen potency and contamination level, possibly impacting drug safety, quality, and efficacy. We describe key steps in the manufacturing processes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH; Palforzia®), a drug used in oral immunotherapy (OIT) for the treatment of peanut allergy.

Methods

Established criteria for source material must be met for manufacturing PTAH drug product. Degree of roasting was determined with a Hunter colorimeter. Protein/allergen content, identity, potency, safety, and quality of each batch of PTAH drug substance were assessed with a combustion analyzer, allergen-specific Western blot (immunoblotting), ELISA, and HPLC. Contaminants (ie, aflatoxin) were measured by UPLC.

Results

Roasting degree beyond “light roast” was associated with variable degrees of protein allergen degradation, or potentially aggregation. Relative potency and amounts of protein allergens showed variability due in part to seasonal/manufacturing variability. Proportion of lots not meeting aflatoxin limits has increased in recent years. Up to 60% of peanut flour source material failed to meet screening selection acceptance criteria for proceeding to drug substance testing, mostly because of failure to meet potency acceptance criteria. Other lots were rejected due to safety (ie, aflatoxin) and quality. Influence of potency variation, within specification parameters, on safety/tolerability observed in trials was considered low, in part due to stringent controls placed at each step of manufacturing.

Conclusions

Extensive variability in allergen potency is a critical issue during immunotherapy, particularly during OIT initial dose escalation and up-dosing, as it may result in lack of efficacy or avoidable adverse allergic reactions. Based on EU and US regulatory requirements, the production of PTAH includes manufacturing controls to ensure drug product safety, potency, and quality. For example, although PTAH contains all peanut allergens, each lot has met strict criteria ensuring consistent allergenic potency of Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6. The rigor of PTAH's manufacturing process ensures reliable dose consistency and stability throughout its shelf life.
Nanomaterial-mediated low-temperature photothermal therapy via heat shock protein inhibition
Authors: Xin Yu , Sun Zhuokai , Liu Jie , Li Wei , Wang Meirong , Chu Yongli , Sun Zhihong , Deng Guanjun
Published: October 2022

With the continuous development of nanobiotechnology in recent years, combining photothermal materials with nanotechnology for tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn many attentions nanomedicine research. Although nanomaterial-mediated PTT is more specific and targeted than traditional treatment modalities, hyperthermia can also damage normal cells. Therefore, researchers have proposed the concept of low-temperature PTT, in which the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is inhibited. In this article, the research strategies proposed in recent years based on the inhibition of HSPs expression to achieve low-temperature PTT was reviewed. Folowing this, the synthesis, properties, and applications of these nanomaterials were introduced. In addition, we also summarized the problems of nanomaterial-mediated low-temperature PTT at this stage and provided an outlook on future research directions.
Biocompatible and antibacterial Flammulina velutipes-based natural hybrid cryogel to treat noncompressible hemorrhages and skin defects
Authors: Zhu Yufan , Chen Feixiang , Wu Minhao , Xiang Jieyu , Yan Feifei , Xie Yuanlong , Tong Zan , Chen Yun , Cai Lin
Published: October 2022

Hemorrhage, infection, and frequent replacement of dressings bring great clinical challenges to wound healing. In this work, Flammulina velutipes extract (FV) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were chemically cross-linked and freeze-dried to obtain novel HFV cryogels (named HFVn, with n = 10, 40, or 70 corresponding to the weight percentage of the FV content), which were constructed for wound hemostasis and full-thickness skin defect repair. Systematic characterization experiments were performed to assess the morphology, mechanical properties, hydrophilic properties, and degradation rate of the cryogels. The results indicated that HFV70 showed a loose interconnected-porous structure and exhibited the highest porosity (95%) and water uptake ratio (over 2,500%) with a desirable degradation rate and shape memory properties. In vitro cell culture and hemocompatibility experiments indicated that HFV70 showed improved cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. It can effectively mimic the extracellular matrix microenvironment and support the adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells, and its hemolysis rate in vitro was less than 5%. Moreover, HFV70 effectively induced tube formation in HUVEC cells in vitro. The results of the bacteriostatic annulus confirmed that HFV70 significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. In addition, HFV70 showed ideal antioxidant properties, with the DPPH scavenging rate in vitro reaching 74.55%. In vivo rat liver hemostasis experiments confirmed that HFV70 showed rapid and effective hemostasis, with effects comparable to those of commercial gelatin sponges. Furthermore, when applied to the repair of full-thickness skin defects in a rat model, HFV70 significantly promoted tissue regeneration. Histological analysis further confirmed the improved pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of HFV70 in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrated the potential of HFV70 in the treatment of full-thickness skin defects and rapid hemostasis.
Language learning for refugee women in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: Restorative pedagogies for integrating to place—Perspectives from Scotland
Authors: Cox Sarah , Phipps Alison , Hirsu Lavinia
Published: October 2022

As we reflect and learn from the lessons lived during the COVID-19 pandemic that severely disrupted our ways of being in the world, in this article we call for restorative pedagogies which can reconnect us to each other and to the places we live in. We present the language learning needs and experiences of four newly arrived refugee women in Scotland. A language learning study was designed using ecological methodological approaches, an iterative spiral of critical participatory action research (CPAR), and the emergent framework of permaculture design of “earth share; fair share; people share.” The 5-month study included fourteen 2-h learning sessions starting with an initial pilot spanning across four 2-h learning sessions. The innovative restorative pedagogy, as we propose it here, connects language learning to translanguaging practices, processes of acclimatizing into a new environment, into new rituals and embodied experiences, moving inside and outside of the “classroom” and with the understanding of “layered simultaneity” of languages brought from and lived in multiple places. We conclude this article with reflections on the impact of these language experiences not only on designing language programmes for the integration of refugees in new communities, but also as an ethical practice for all of us in moments of crisis, when our most profound relations and habits are threatened or broken. A restorative pedagogy builds on language that respects human dignity, acknowledges the importance of place and land we walk on, and cultivates sustainable human connections in a vulnerable and unstable world.
Predicting negative human-tiger (Panthera tigris) interactions in mosaic landscapes around Dudhwa and Pilibhit tiger reserves in India
Authors: Chatterjee Mayukh , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Chandel Poonam , Bhattacharya Tapajit , Kaul Rahul
Published: October 2022

Negative interactions between humans and large carnivores like tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus) are of concern for the conservation of these carnivores, as well as for the health and wellbeing of people who experience such interactions routinely. Such interactions not only lead to human deaths, injuries and loss of domestic animals, but also can result in retaliatory persecution of carnivores and cause their population declines. The Dudhwa-Pilibhit landscape in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh is popularly regarded to be the second most affected hotspot of human-tiger conflicts in the country. Yet, very little information is published on human-tiger conflicts in this landscape. In this study, we recorded 7.4 ± 5.8 (range: 1-20) negative interactions per year between people and tigers that led directly to human deaths and injuries. Although there appeared to be peaks in negative interactions in more recent years, these were found to be statistically non-significant. The peaks in the numbers of cases in 2009-10 and 2016-17 can be attributed to higher numbers of human casualties cause by individual ‘problem’ tigers, and not due to an increase in the number of tigers engaging in conflicts. We used binomial generalized linear modelling to model the risk to humans from being attacked by tigers depending on landscape characteristics. This approach demonstrated that the mosaics of forests and human settlements, especially the presence of agriculture, forest patches and waterbodies, were the predominant factors at play. Notably, higher risks were not mediated by the presence of larger cattle population. Proximity of villages to forests or natural vegetation patches was the most significantly contributing factor identified by the model output. This suggested that despite the prevalent perception of attacks on humans occurring in human-dominated areas of this landscape, areas with forests or other natural vegetation entailed higher risks. This was corroborated by field observations, with most attacks occurring within, or close to, forests or dense vegetation. Based on these findings, we recommend that restricting human movements and taking precautionary measures in high-risk areas can significantly reduce negative interactions with tigers in our study area.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of sacubitril-valsartan in the treatment of ventricular remodeling in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhou Xiaomin , Zhu Hongjun , Zheng Yawei , Tan Xiaodong , Tong Xinyu
Published: October 2022

Objective

To systematically review the efficacy and safety of sacubitril and valsartan in treating acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure and to observe whether it can further improve patients’ cardiac function, delay left ventricular remodeling, and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods

Electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched. The search period was from the establishment of the database to March 2022 to search for relevant controlled trials. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Revman5.3 and Stata14 software were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 13 studies, with 6,968 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that sacubitril-valsartan increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and decreased NT-proBNP level was better at 6 months and within 3 months of follow-up compared with the control group (P < 0.00001), but there was no significant difference at the 12-month follow-up (P > 0.05). Sacubitril-valsartan reducing LVEDD [MD = −2.55, 95%CI(−3.21, −1.88), P < 0.00001], LVEDVI [MD = −3.61, 95%CI(−6.82, −0.39), P = 0.03], LVESVI [MD = −3.77, 95%CI(−6.05, −1.49), P = 0.001], and increasing the distance of the 6-min walk test [MD = 48.20, 95%CI(40.31, 56.09), P < 0.00001] were more effective. Compared with ACEI/ARB, the use of ARNI can further reduce the total incidence of adverse cardiovascular events [RR = 0.72, 95%CI(0.62, 0.84), P<0.0001] and the rate of HF rehospitalization [RR = 0.73, 95%CI(0.61, 0.86), P = 0.0002] in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure; there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac death, recurrence of myocardial infarction, and malignant arrhythmia between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions, the incidence of cough in ARNI was lower than that in ACEI/ARB group [RR = 0.69, 95%CI(0.60, 0.80), P < 0.00001], but the incidence of hypotension was higher [RR = 1.29, 95%CI(1.18, 1.41), P < 0.00001], and the adverse reactions of hyperkalemia, angioedema and renal insufficiency were not increased (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of sacubitril-valsartan sodium in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure can significantly improve cardiac function and reverse ventricular remodeling, reducing the risk of re-hospitalization for heart failure. There is no apparent adverse reaction except easy cause hypotension.

Systematic trial registration

[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42022322901].
Reducing the 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease to receive early cardiovascular benefits from bariatric surgery for obesity in China
Authors: Li Yinhui , Liu Jia , Zhou Biao , Li Xiaohui , Wu Zhenyu , Meng Hua , Wang Guang
Published: October 2022

Background

Cardiovascular risk due to obesity can be improved greatly by bariatric surgery. However, there is no research involving appropriate model for evaluating cardiovascular disease risk reduction in bariatric surgery for obesity in China. We selected the ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk score that accurately predict cardiovascular risk in Chinese adults to evaluate the 10-year risk of ICVD and estimated early cardiovascular benefits of bariatric surgery in obese Chinese patients through its reduction.

Methods

From 2017 to 2019 we followed up 107 patients 6 months after surgery and measured the ICVD 10-year risk and other cardiovascular factors before and after surgery.

Results

There were significant reductions in the ICVD total score (p < 0.001) and ICVD 10-year risk (%) (p < 0.001) 6 months post-operation compared with baseline. Furthermore, we found significant reductions in body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), small dense-low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) and triglycerides (TG) 6 months after surgery compared with pre-operation (all p < 0.05). The decrease in ICVD total score was correlated with excess BMI loss (%EBMIL), reduced BAI, reduced LDL, reduced sd-LDL and reduced TG respectively (all p < 0.05) at 6 months post-operation. Moreover, there were significant reductions in the ICVD total score in the male subgroup [3 (3, 5) vs. 2.5 (2, 4), p < 0.001] and female subgroup [3 (2, 4) vs. 2 (1, 3), p < 0.001] 6 months post-operation compared with baseline. At last there were also significant reductions in the ICVD total score in the diabetic subgroup [5 (4, 6) vs. 4 (3, 5), p < 0.001] and non-diabetic subgroup [2 (2,3) vs. 2 (1, 2), p < 0.001] 6 months post-operation compared with baseline.

Conclusions

Bariatric surgery could provide early cardiovascular benefits for patients with obesity in China by reducing the 10-year risk of ICVD. Both men and women with obesity achieved cardiovascular benefits according to bariatric surgery, so did diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Applying the damage assessment for rapid response approach to the august 24 M6 event of the seismic sequence in central Italy (2016)
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Scaini Chiara , Parolai Stefano
Published: October 2022

Seismic monitoring networks are increasingly being used in urban areas to record and locate earthquakes. Recordings in the proximity of buildings also allow assessing, as a first approximation, the expected building damage. The DARR (Damage Assessment for Rapid Response) method provides local-scale information on expected damage patterns. The potential of this approach is discussed here for the August 24 M6 event of the Central Italy seismic sequence (2016–2017). We focus only on the first event of the sequence because cumulative damage is outside the scope of this study. The earthquake recordings are available from two Italian monitoring networks: the Italian Accelerometric Archive (ITACA) and the OSS (Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture), which collects data from monitored buildings and bridges in Italy. We selected four target areas (Amatrice, Norcia, Visso and Sulmona) characterized by different epicentral distances and building typologies, that suffered different levels of damage during the M6 event on 24 August 2016. Using recordings either in the free field or in the basement of buildings, the expected relative displacement of building typologies common in the studied areas is calculated with the DARR method. Using predefined damage thresholds from literature, the obtained results allow quantifying the expected damage for dominant building typologies in the surroundings of the recording sites. We investigate and discuss the potential use and applicability of the DARR method in different areas depending on the epicentral distance and building characteristics. The results indicate that the DARR approach is useful for supporting and improving rapid response activities after a seismic event.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict B-cell primary thyroid malignant lymphoma-specific survival: A population-based analysis
Authors: Jin Shuai , Xie Lang , You Yanwei , He Chengli , Li Xianghai
Published: October 2022

B cell primary thyroid malignant lymphoma (BC-PTML) accounts for 95% of all cases of PTML. However, development of effective treatment and management strategies for BC-PTML is challenging owing to the rarity of this disease. This study assessed data from 1,152 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database who were diagnosed with BC-PTML during 2000–2015. Patients were randomly divided into a training group (n=806) and a test group (n=346) at a ratio of 7:3 using the hold-out method. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to calculate the survival rate of patients. Subsequently, a stepwise Cox regression model was established to screen the prognostic factors of patients with BC-PTML, and these variables were used to construct a nomogram to predict 5-, 10-, and 15-year BC-PTML cancer-specific survival (CSS). The discrimination and calibration of the new model were evaluated using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves, and the accuracy and benefits of the model were assessed through comparison with the traditional Ann Arbor staging system using decision curve analysis (DCA). After stepwise regression, the optimal model included radiotherapy, primary site surgery, Ann Arbor Stage, chemotherapy, histological subtype, and age at diagnosis. The C-index, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and DCA suggested that the nomogram had improved discriminatory ability and clinical benefit compared with the Ann Arbor staging system. In summary, this study established an effective nomogram to predict CSS in patients with BC-PTML and assist clinicians in developing effective individualized treatment strategies.
Current status and trends of research on microplastic fugacity characteristics and pollution levels in mangrove wetlands
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: October 2022

Microplastics have been widely detected in the environment, while mangrove wetlands are considered barriers to land-based plastic transport to the ocean, requiring special attention. However, the current literature is distributed and broad besides limited information on the fate characteristics and pollution levels. This study uses a systematic literature review method to analyze the current research status and future trends. In this study, the literature is summarized and concluded that Characteristics including color, shape, size, polymer chemistry and surface microstructure are the basic information for microplastic research in mangrove wetlands. Size is the key to studying distribution and convergence without international standards. The shape is vital to study its sources and environmental processes. Color affects biological predation and is important information for studying ecological risk. The chemical composition of plastics is the key to studying microplastics’ fingerprint information, source, and sink. The surface microstructure is an important basis for studying adsorption behavior and aging processes. Mangrove microplastic studies in China are mainly on the southern and southeastern coasts, and microplastic pollution is more severe in Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi than in Hainan. In contrast, studies on mangrove microplastics abroad are mainly concentrated in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Overall, microplastic contamination was detected in the major distribution areas of mangroves worldwide and was correlated with mangrove density and human activities.
Comprehensive recycling of fresh municipal sewage sludge to fertilize garden plants and achieve low carbon emission: A pilot study
Authors: Lin Xianke , Chen Canming , Li Huashou , Hei Liang , Zeng Luping , Wei Zebin , Chen Yangmei , Wu Qi-Tang
Published: October 2022

Recycling nutrients in municipal sewage sludge (MSS) to soil would support sustainable development. In this study, a comprehensive recycling using specific plants able to grow in the fresh MSS and an indirect application technique was developed. Fresh MSS was placed in permeable containers next to Handroanthus chrysanthus plants to provide indirect fertilization. Sludge treatment plants (Alocasia macrorrhiza and Pennisetum hybridum) were grown directly on the Fresh MSS to produce plant biomass and treat MSS. The basal diameters of the H. chrysanthus plants were markedly increased by the treatment. Nutrients were extracted from MSS more readily and more biomass was produced by the P. hybridum than the A. macrorrhiza plants. The heavy metal contents of the soil did not increase significantly and not generate potential ecological risk, but the organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents increased markedly. The fresh MSS leachate met the relevant fecal coliform and heavy metal irrigation water standards. At the end of the treatment, the MSS mass had markedly decreased and the treated MSS was used as a seedling substrate for two garden plant seedlings. The net carbon emissions from the comprehensive recycling are estimated as -15.79 kg CO2e (CO2 equivalent) per ton fresh sludge, in contrast, the emissions from composting treatment are estimated as 8.15 kg CO2e. The method allows nutrients in MSS to be recycled without causing heavy metal pollution and without net carbon emission, while gives gardening products with commercial value.
Temporal and biting dynamics of the chromosomal inversion 2La in the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in Bangui, Central African Republic
Authors: Sangbakembi-Ngounou Claire , Ngoagouni Carine , Akone-Ella Ousman , Kengne Pierre , Costantini Carlo , Nakouné Emmanuel , Ayala Diego
Published: October 2022

The chromosomal rearrangement 2La has been directly involved in the ecological and deadly epidemiological success of the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the biological and ecological factors that drive the local and temporal dynamics of this inversion in both species. Here, we performed a year-round longitudinal survey in Bangui, Central African Republic. We monthly sampled A. gambiae and A. coluzzii mosquitoes indoor and outdoor using human landing catches (HLC) for 48 h non-stop. We molecularly karyotyped all specimens to study the 2La inversion frequency variations, and monitored the mosquito spatial and temporal biting behavior throughout the year. In total, we successfully karyotyped 5121 A. gambiae and 986 A. coluzzii specimens. The 2La inversion frequency was higher in A. coluzzii than in A. gambiae across the year. In A. gambiae and A. coluzzii, the inversion frequency or karyotypes did not influence the biting behavior, either location or time. Moreover, the inversion frequency variation in both species was also independent of local climatic changes. Overall, our results revealed that in Bangui, the 2La inversion segregates at different frequency in each species, but this is not influenced by their trophic behavior. Studying the impact of urban settings and the population genetic structure of these two A. gambiae complex members could bring insights into the intrinsic relationship between 2La inversion and local conditions. More studies are needed to understand the polymorphic equilibrium of this inversion in Bangui.
Comprehensive analysis of potential cellular communication networks in advanced osteosarcoma using single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Xu Ning , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Lili , Song Yuan , Zheng Xianyou , Hu Hai
Published: October 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common bone cancer in children and adolescents, and metastasis and recurrence are the major causes of poor treatment outcomes. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment is required to develop an effective treatment for OS. In this paper, a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset was taken to a systematic genetic analysis, and potential signaling pathways linked with osteosarcoma development were explored. Our findings revealed 25 clusters across 11 osteosarcoma tissues, with 11 cell types including “Chondroblastic cells”, “Osteoblastic cells”, “Myeloid cells”, “Pericytes”, “Fibroblasts”, “Proliferating osteoblastic cells”, “Osteoclasts”, “TILs”, “Endothelial cells”, “Mesenchymal stem cells”, and “Myoblasts”. The results of Cell communication analysis showed 17 potential cellular communication networks including “COLLAGEN signaling pathway network”, “CD99 signaling pathway network”, “PTN signaling pathway network”, “MIF signaling pathway network”, “SPP1 signaling pathway network”, “FN1 signaling pathway network”, “LAMININ signaling pathway network”, “FGF signaling pathway network”, “VEGF signaling pathway network”, “GALECTIN signaling pathway network”, “PERIOSTIN signaling pathway network”, “VISFATIN signaling pathway network”, “ITGB2 signaling pathway network”, “NOTCH signaling pathway network”, “IGF signaling pathway network”, “VWF signaling pathway network”, “PDGF signaling pathway network”. This research may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of OS’s molecular processes.
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus induces the reactive oxidative species/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response for the regulation of mitochondrion-mediated Bax/Bak cell death signals in GF-1 cells
Authors: Chen Pin-Han , Hsueh Tsai-Ching , Hong Jiann-Ruey
Published: October 2022

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infections can trigger host cell death and are correlated with viral replication; however, they have rarely been considered in terms of the host organelle involvement. In the present study, we demonstrated that ISKNV triggered an oxidative stress signal in the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response and induced stress signals for Bax/Bak-mediated host cell death in fish GF-1 cells. The results showed that after ISKNV infection, the levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) increased by 60–80% from day 3 to day 5, as assessed by an H2DCFDA assay for tracing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was correlated with up to a one-fold change in the fish GF-1 cells. Furthermore, we found that ISKNV infection induced Nrf2-mediated ROS stress signals from D1 to D5, which were correlated with the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, SOD1, and SOD2; these effects were blocked by the antioxidants GSH and NAC. By analyzing Nrf2-mediated ROS stress signals for cell death regulationviaan apoptotic assay, we found that treatment with antioxidants reduced annexin-V-positive signals by 10% (GSH) to 15% (NAC); moreover, necrotic-positive signals were reduced by 6% (GSH) and 32% (NAC) at day 5 (D5) in GF-1 cells, as indicated by PI staining. Furthermore, we found that Nrf2-mediated ROS stress regulated mitochondrion-mediated Bax/Bak death signals at D3 and D5; this was effectively blocked by antioxidant treatment in the GF-1 cells, as demonstrated by a JC1 assay (ΔΨm) and western blot analysis. In addition, we found that downstream signals for caspase-9 and -3 activation were apparently blocked by antioxidant treatment at D3 and D5. Finally, we found that treatment with GSH and NAC reduced major capsid protein (MCP) expression and virus titer (TCID50%) by up to 15-fold at D5 in GF-1 cells. Thus, our data suggest that ISKNV can induce ROS production, which triggers Nrf2-mediated stress signals. Then, these stress signals can regulate mitochondrion-mediated Bax/Bak apoptotic signaling, which is connected to downstream caspase-9 and -3 activation. If ISKNV-induced Nrf2-mediated stress signaling is blocked, then the antioxidants GSH and NAC can also suppress apoptotic signals or reduce viral replication. These findings may provide insights into the control and treatment of double-stranded DNA viruses.
Delivery of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 to mammalian cells
Authors: Wright David E. , Siddika Tarana , Heinemann Ilka U. , O’Donoghue Patrick
Published: October 2022

Over-expression of genetically encoded thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) TrxR1 can be toxic to cells due to the formation of a truncated version of the enzyme. We developed a new mammalian cell-based model to investigate TrxR1 activity. Fusion of the HIV-derived cell penetrating peptide (TAT) enabled efficient cellular uptake of purified TrxR1 containing 21 genetically encoded amino acids, including selenocysteine. The TAT peptide did not significantly alter the catalytic activity of TrxR1 in vitro. We monitored TrxR1-dependent redox activity in human cells using a TrxR1-specific red fluorescent live-cell reporter. Using programmed selenocysteine incorporation in Escherichia coli, our approach allowed efficient production of active recombinant human selenoprotein TrxR1 for delivery to the homologous context of the mammalian cell. The delivered TAT-TrxR1 showed robust activity in live cells and provided a novel platform to study TrxR1 biology in human cells.