bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Seed Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in relation to the Seed Rate and Method of Sowing
Authors: Singh Lokendra , Parajuli Tulsi
Published: November 2020

Inappropriate seed rate and sowing method contribute a significant role in low productivity of sunflowers. So, a study was conducted to assess the effect of different seed rates and sowing methods on the yield of sunflower in Ghodaghodi Municipality ward no. 2, Sandepani, far-west province, Kailali, Nepal, during spring season in 2018. The three different seed rates (8 Kg/ha, 10 Kg/ha and 12 Kg/ha) combined with three different sowing methods (broadcasting, line sowing and ridge sowing). A randomized complete block design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with three replicates per treatment was applied. The indigenous variety of sunflower was used as a test crop. The highest stem diameter was recorded with the lowest seed rate, which remained unaffected by different sowing methods. Head diameter, seeds per head and thousand-grain weight were maximum in plants receiving seed rate of 8 kg/ha. However, the highest (2.13 t/ha) and the lowest (1.76 t/ha) grain yield were achieved with the seed rates of 10 kg/ha and 12 Kg/ha, respectively. Regarding sowing methods, head diameter, seeds per head, thousand-grain weight and grain yield (2.68 t/ha) obtained in the ridge method were statistically superior over those, obtained in line and broadcasting methods. The interaction effect of seed rate and sowing method on seeds per head suggested that maximum seeds per head were obtained with 8 kg/ha seed sown in the ridge. Our study recommended 8 kg/ha seed rate and ridge sowing of sunflower performed best in grain yield.
Assessment of Crude Oil Degradation by Mixed Culture of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Different Concentrations
Authors: Faggo A.A. , Kawo A.H. , Gulumbe B.H. , Ijah U.J.J.
Published: November 2020

Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHCs) contamination of soil, freshwater and air is of global concern. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of crude oil degradation by mixed bacterial culture of different crude oil concentrations using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seven oil samples were collected from petroleum-contaminated fields in Kano state, Nigeria, and screened for crude oil utilizing bacteria. A control sample of soil from an ecological garden (control soil) was also analyzed. Crude oil-degrading bacteria were isolated, enumerated and identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, and screened for their ability to utilize Bonny Light Oil as a source of carbon and energy. Bacteria with the highest potential to utilize crude oil were selected and subjected to bioremediation studies at three different pollution levels (5%, 10% and 15%) for 56 days. The residual crude oil was assessed using GC-MS. The results revealed that the mixed culture completely degraded eighteen components ranging from C10 to C25 at 5% crude oil concentration while only C8 to C11 and C8 to C9 were degraded at 10 and 15% respectively. The results of this study indicated the potential of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.
Addressing Climate Change Risks Influencing Cryosphere-Fed Kuhl Irrigation System in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Arshad , Akbar Ghani
Published: November 2020

Cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system forms a major lifeline for agriculture and livelihood development in the Himalayan region. The system is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts like glacier retreat, glacial lake outburst floods, snow avalanches and landslides especially in the upper Indus Basin (UIB). It is necessary to conduct reassessment of climate change impacts and find coping strategies for sustainable agriculture development in this mountainous region. In the present study, risks of glacier depletion , lakes outburst flood, snow avalanche and landslide hazards impacting cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system in 10 river basins of the UIB of Pakistan were analyzed using multi-hazard indexing approach. High risk of glacier depletion was observed in the Astore and Swat river basins likely because of the combined effect of reduced snow precipitation and rising warm temperatures in these basins. The risk of expansion in aggregate lake area was high in the Indus sub-basin, moderate in the five basins (i.e., Hunza, Shigar, Shyok, Shingo and Astore), while it was low in the four basins (i.e., Swat, Chitral, Gilgit and Jhelum). More than 2% areas of Hunza and Shigar basins in the Karakoram range exhibited high risk of snow avalanche and landslide (SAL) hazard, while moderate SAL hazard was found in >40% areas of Chitral, Gilgit, Hunza and Shigar river basins. An effective early warning mechanism and provision of adequate resources for preparedness are essential to cope with negative impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in this region in future.
A Prospective Observational Study of Hypomagnesemia in Critically Ill Paediatric Patients
Authors: Chandrashekhar Channanayaka , Pillai Reshmi , Vasudev Prajwala Hassan , Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Magnesium deficiency, a common finding in critically ill patients, is associated with increased need for respiratory support, increased duration of ICU stay and mortality. The primary objective of our study is to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in critically ill children (requiring inotropic support, respiratory support, and fluid resuscitation) on admission in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The secondary objective is to evaluate its relationship with the length of hospital stay and mortality.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital. In this study, serum magnesium levels at admission were measured along with other laboratory tests, after informed consent. Serum magnesium levels were assayed in our laboratory. The normal range of serum magnesium in our lab is 1.7-2.7 mg/dl. During admission in PICU, there was follow-up for ionotrope administration, need for mechanical ventilation, APACHE II score, PICU length of stay and mortality.

Results: In this study, 350 critically ill children requiring hemodynamic / respiratory support were chosen. However, 83 children were excluded from study as they were discharged against medical advice. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in this study was 43.4%. There was no significant association between hypomagnesemia, duration of hospital stay and mortality.

Conclusion: Hypomagnesaemia is a common finding in critically ill paediatric patients, however there is no significant association noted in regards to length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, inotropic support and mortality.
Neonatal Outcome of Macrosomia
Authors: Shah Subhash Chandra , Guragain Anusmriti , Pandey Shreejana , Dhakal Ajaya Kumar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Macrosomia is an emerging public health problem, both in the developed as well as in the developing countries. This study was aimed to examine the maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with macrosomia and compare adverse neonatal outcome between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and macrosomia.

Methods: Records of all live singleton AGA and macrosomic babies delivered at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal, between 14th April 2013 and 13th April 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Of the 769 deliveries, 684 neonates were eligible of which 93 were born macrosomic with an incidence of 12.1%. We observed the most significant neonatal outcome to be neonatal sepsis (14%; p = 0.005) compared to AGA babies (5.9%). Macrosomia was found to be associated with increasing maternal age and parity (p = 0.007) relative to mothers of AGA babies, most of whom underwent caesarean section (55.9%) whilst the same outcome was fewer for mothers of AGA babies (29.9%). A higher incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) as maternal comorbidity (5.4%) was associated with macrosomia contrasted with mothers of AGA babies (4.4%).

Conclusion: Macrosomic birth was found to be associated with relatively higher adverse neonatal outcome, warranting prolonged hospital admission than AGA births.
Laterally Displaced Pedicle Flap for the Management of Localised Gingival Recession: A Case Report
Authors: Shahi Kripa , Aryal Deepa , Shrestha Surendra Man
Published: November 2020

Gingival recession, whenever presents with sensitivity, aesthetic problem, root caries or difficulty in plaque control may pose a challenge for clinicians. Among the various treatment modalities for root coverage, laterally displaced flap has been a promising treatment for isolated gingival recession with an adequate amount of donor tissue adjacent to the recipient site. This case report presents a case of successful root coverage where laterally displaced flap was employed for the management of gingival recession in mandibular central incisor with two and a half years follow up.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Sah Barun Kumar , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha
Published: November 2020

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a common solitary gingival growth thought to arise from the periodontal ligament. Though the etiology of POF remains unknown, some investigators consider it an inflammatory or reactive process, while others suggest it is a neoplastic process. Here, we present a case of POF in a 10-year-old boy, affecting the maxillary anterior gingiva along with its clinical, radiographic, histologic characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and one year follow-up.
Partos en gestantes remitidas de un territorio disperso e indígena a un hospital universitario
Authors: Bayona Camelo Andrea , Ardila -Sierra Adriana , Rivera Triana Diana , Inés Sarmiento María , Piñeros Perrila Cesar
Published: November 2020

Introducción: en el marco del nuevo modelo de atención en salud, piloto en Colombia, el cuarto nivel de referencia para el departamento de Guainía correspondió a un hospital universitario localizado en Bogotá. Objetivo: caracterizar las gestantes procedentes de Guainía con atención del parto en el Hospital de San José entre junio 2016 y junio 2018. Metodología:  serie de casos con análisis descriptivo de variables. Resultados: 29 fueron embarazos de alto riesgo, edad mediana 24.5 años (rango: 15 a 40), 73% procedían de zona urbana, 72% partos por cesárea, 52% pretérmino. 45% multíparas y dos embarazos gemelares. Todos los diagnósticos de remisión y egreso coincidieron, 55% tuvieron preeclampsia, 24% amenaza de parto pretérmino y 7% restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. En los neonatos 45% tuvieron bajo peso o bajo extremo al nacer, 41% requirieron cuidado intensivo y 38% ingresaron a plan canguro.  No hubo casos de mortalidad materna ni perinatal. Discusión: las cero muertes reflejan el beneficio clínico con la remisión extradepartamental. La alta procedencia urbana puede deberse a fallas de registro y/o difícil acceso de las zonas dispersas. Conclusión: la remisión aérea de gestantes con riesgo alto a una institución predefinida de alta complejidad tiene beneficio clínico. Se requiere optimizar en el territorio de origen la atención prenatal y las acciones de salud pública, en especial preeclampsia y bajo peso al nacer.
The impact of increasing interbody fusion levels at the fractional curve on lordosis, curve correction, and complications in adult patients with scoliosis
Authors: Amara Dominic , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Burch Shane , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P. , Tay Bobby , Berven Sigurd H. , Chou Dean
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Radiculopathy from the fractional curve, usually from L3 to S1, can create severe disability. However, treatment methods of the curve vary. The authors evaluated the effect of adding more levels of interbody fusion during treatment of the fractional curve.

METHODS

A single-institution retrospective review of adult patients treated for scoliosis between 2006 and 2016 was performed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: fractional curves from L3 to S1 > 10°, ipsilateral radicular symptoms concordant on the fractional curve concavity side, patients who underwent at least 1 interbody fusion at the level of the fractional curve, and a minimum 1-year follow-up. Primary outcomes included changes in fractional curve correction, lumbar lordosis change, pelvic incidence − lumbar lordosis mismatch change, scoliosis major curve correction, and rates of revision surgery and postoperative complications. Secondary analysis compared the same outcomes among patients undergoing posterior, anterior, and lateral approaches for their interbody fusion.

RESULTS

A total of 78 patients were included. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, prior surgery, fractional curve degree, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, pelvic incidence − lumbar lordosis mismatch, sagittal vertical axis, coronal balance, scoliotic curve magnitude, proportion of patients undergoing an osteotomy, or average number of levels fused among the groups. The mean follow-up was 35.8 months (range 12–150 months). Patients undergoing more levels of interbody fusion had more fractional curve correction (7.4° vs 12.3° vs 12.1° for 1, 2, and 3 levels; p = 0.009); greater increase in lumbar lordosis (−1.8° vs 6.2° vs 13.7°, p = 0.003); and more scoliosis major curve correction (13.0° vs 13.7° vs 24.4°, p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups with regard to postoperative complications (overall rate 47.4%, p = 0.85) or need for revision surgery (overall rate 30.7%, p = 0.25). In the secondary analysis, patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) had a greater increase in lumbar lordosis (9.1° vs −0.87° for ALIF vs transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion [TLIF], p = 0.028), but also higher revision surgery rates unrelated to adjacent-segment pathology (25% vs 4.3%, p = 0.046). Higher ALIF revision surgery rates were driven by rod fracture in the majority (55%) of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

More levels of interbody fusion resulted in increased lordosis, scoliosis curve correction, and fractional curve correction. However, additional levels of interbody fusion up to 3 levels did not result in more postoperative complications or morbidity. ALIF resulted in a greater lumbar lordosis increase than TLIF, but ALIF had higher revision surgery rates.
A comparison of radial versus femoral artery access for acute stroke interventions
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , Velagapudi Lohit , Das Somnath , Sweid Ahmad , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Al Saiegh Fadi , Avery Michael B. , Chalouhi Nohra , Schmidt Richard F. , Sajja Kalyan , Gooch M. Reid , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal M.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

In this study, the authors aimed to investigate procedural and clinical outcomes between radial and femoral artery access in patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute stroke.

METHODS

The authors conducted a single-institution retrospective analysis of 104 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy, 52 via transradial access and 52 via traditional transfemoral access. They analyzed various procedural and clinical metrics between the two patient cohorts.

RESULTS

There was no difference between patient demographics or presenting symptoms of stroke severity between patients treated via transradial or transfemoral access. The mean procedural time was similar between the two treatment cohorts: 60.35 ± 36.81 minutes for the transradial group versus 65.50 ± 29.92 minutes for the transfemoral group (p = 0.451). The mean total fluoroscopy time for the procedure was similar between the two patient cohorts (20.31 ± 11.68 for radial vs 18.49 ± 11.78 minutes for femoral, p = 0.898). The majority of patients underwent thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b/3 revascularization, regardless of access site (92.3% for radial vs 94.2% for femoral, p = 0.696). There was no significant difference in the incidence of access site or periprocedural complications between the transradial and transfemoral cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Acute stroke intervention performed via transradial access is feasible and effective, with no significant difference in procedural and clinical outcomes compared with traditional transfemoral access. Larger studies are required to further validate the efficacy and limitations of transradial access for neurointerventional procedures.
MECHANISMS OF STATE REGULATION OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Koval Yana
Published: November 2020

An important condition for sustainable economic growth of the country is the reliability and predictability of the banking sector of the economy. The global financial crisis, which has also affected Ukraine, indicates the inconsistency of domestic monetary policy with the requirements of the economic environment. Bringing in line with international standards of banking institutions revealed internal and external risks and threats that negatively affected the functioning of the entire banking system and led to a decrease in the number of Ukrainian banks from 180 at the beginning of 2014 to 77 at the beginning of 2019. Negative changes which took place in the banking system of Ukraine reduced the overall level of its economic security and necessitated the development of an effective mechanism for state regulation of anti-crisis management of economic security of banking institutions in Ukraine. The monograph is devoted to solving a scientific problem related to the development of a mechanism for state regulation of anti-crisis management of economic security of banking institutions of Ukraine on the basis of the development of conceptual, methodological and applied components. In the course of the work the theoretical bases of realization of the mechanism of state regulation by anti-crisis management of economic safety of banking institutions of Ukraine are investigated. Diagnosis of the current state of state regulation by anti-crisis management of economic security of banking institutions. The directions of improvement of the mechanism of the state regulation by anti-crisis management of economic safety of banking institutions of Ukraine are developed. The monograph is designed for a wide range of scientists, managers, specialists in public administration and economic security, teachers, graduate students and students of higher education institutions studying the mechanisms of state regulation of crisis management of economic security of banking institutions in Ukraine.
Arystoteles o starości
Authors: Majeran Roman
Published: November 2020

The article discusses Aristotle’s views of old age, which has usually been opposed to Plato’s high esteem thereof. The passage on which this opinion is based is Rhetorics II, 1389b 13 - 1390a 23 which highlights many defects of the ethical character regarded as typical of old age: meanness, mediocrity, diffidence, selfishness. However, this harsh judgment has to be attenuated by considering the context in which Aristotle’s discussion is placed, his objective was description of typical negative features of an audience consisting of old men rather than a balanced and objective discussion and judgment. Aristotle, nevertheless, thinks of the old age and youth as two negative extremes which he opposes to the positive ripeness and perfect balance of mature age. He tends to regard old men as unfit for responsible political tasks and reserves for them the rather symbolic religious functions. In biological terms, he stresses the fact that old age is the time of progressive decadence leading to increasing debility and death. Thus, unlike Plato, who thought of senility as the time of severing the links attaching the soul to the body favorable to the soul’s liberation, Aristotle’s philosophy provided him with no premises for any „praise of old age”.
Zagadnienie starości w literaturze międzytestamentalnej
Authors: Wróbel Mirosław S.
Published: November 2020

In the present article the author describes the problem of an old age in the Jewish apo­calyptic literature and in the Qumran texts. Old persons are presented in these texts like sages and teachers. The education given by them for children and grandchildren is based on moral and religious values. They call to observe God’s commandments and to avoid all acts which are against God and other persons. The respect and authority of the old persons described in the texts of intertestamental literature can take in consideration the biblical sources. In the Old Testament the elders of Israel are described as judges who decide about all important aspects of the life in Jewish community.
Obowiązki i przywileje ludzi starszych według Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: November 2020

In an old man, Clement of Alexandria sees the ideal of a perfect Christian, who thanks to intellectual and moral formation, reached the status of God’s friend. For this reason, he is entitled to the care of his family, to be honored and respected by the young people, to drink a wine and conduct conversations during the feasts and to undertake the functions of the teacher and housemaster. The old man is required to maintain a senile appearance without cosmetic procedures and to hold tactful conversations and to drink a wine in moderation during the feasts.
Obraz ludzi starszych w pismach świętego Augustyna
Authors: Eckmann Augustyn
Published: November 2020

Disputatiuncula ex tribus partibus constat. Pars prima de senibus, quibus Augustinus occucurrit et deinde cognovit, narrat. Qui sunt: Vindicianus – medicus excellens, sapiens et humilis; Symplicianus – senex sanctus; Victorinus – artis orandi professor; tutelaris vetus famula nomine vacans, atque Florentius – homo religiosus et pauper. Qui omnes bono exemplo fuerunt Augustino. Pars altera de senibus, quos Augustinus in litteris anti­quis cognovit, dicit. Gaium Marium Regulo opponit, Mario malo res fuerunt secundae, Regulus nobilis aequo animo dolorem tulit. Constantinus Magnus pro bonis actis iam in terra vita longa prosperatus est , duo senes in opere Terentii Heautontimorumenos Menedemus et Chremes exprimunt diversos patres. Pars tertia exempla biblica ostendit. Primi parentes optima valetudine morituri non essent, nisi peccassent, Abraham et Sarra virtutem ad emissionem seminis acceperunt, Senectus Isaac vetustatem Veteris Testamenti significat, Simeon senex et Anna vidua in Spiritu Sancto Dominum infantem cognoverunt.
Refleksje o sobie samym w korespondencji starego Grzegorza z Nazjanzu
Authors: Widok Norbert
Published: November 2020

Beside his speeches and poems, Gregory of Nasiansus left 245 letters. Over 160 of them were written in the last decade of his life, when after two years of his work as a bishop in Constantinople he returned to the country where he grew up. An object of analysis in this ar­ticle are his texts related to ageing, which was often described by him in his letters. Gregory was aware of his old age and ensuing consequences such as sickness, the need for silence, the awareness of approaching death and requests for prayer sent to addressees. A number of passages taken from these letters reveal one of the many aspects of Gregory’s silhouette. In majority of essays describing his person and output he is shown as an eminent theologian, a rhetorician, a bishop, and even a mystic, who contributed greatly to the development of the theology of that epoch. My article presents Gregory as a man of „flesh and blood”, in his suffering and sickness very close to all subject to vicissitudes of life. Writing about himself as an elderly man, he became a brother of all ageing. The readers of his correspondence, both his addressees living in the fourth century and contemporary readers, may find a particular consolation in the experiences of the one recognized as a saint.
Starość w starożytnej literaturze ormiańskiej
Authors: Żelazny Jan W.
Published: November 2020

In Armenian tradition, old age, with its grey hair, symbolizes wisdom and respon­sibility. The country’s tradition depends on elderly people. Opinions expressed in the Armenian literature of that time are similar to the ones regarding the same issue occurring in the entire Middle East. Only two issues arising interest and cause surprise. The first thought concerns the gossiping of elderly women, which does not mean anything wrong, but may rather be related to method of transferring tradition that creates collective mem­ory of a nation. The second question is close relation between old age and adolescence. Both children and elderly people are the basic groups in the community on whose survival the nation’s future depends.
Senectus / senex / senior w pismach św. Grzegorza Wielkiego
Authors: Tyburowski Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

The issue of the old age – senectus arise in abundance in the writings of many ancient authors. First of all we can see it in the biographic works written both in biographies of Saints and in other works. In most cases the purpose of these works was the admiration of an exceptional person, whose the author sometimes was a disciple, and the education and sanctification of the Christian reader as well. Therefore the authors of ancient biographies used some known in antiquity forms for reaching their purpose. One of them was the fi­gure of old man (senex, senior), who was a synonym of wisdom and holiness. Gregory the Great writes relatively much, although not directly, about the education of man. Certainly the cause of such his attitude was the disastrous situation of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Gregory wants to teach his reader the wisdom. The wisdom (which is a synonym of old age (senectus) is seen first of all in the lives of the old men (senes, seniores). This article is a presentation and analyse of above-mentioned problem on the basis of three latin terms: senectus, senex, senior used by Gregory the Great.
Ks. Mariusz Szram, Ciało zmartwychwstałe w myśli patrystycznej przełomu II i III wieku, Lublin 2010, Wydawnictwo KUL, ss. 770.
Authors: Pietras Henryk
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ks. Grzegorz Mariusz Baran, Motyw synostwa Bożego w „In Johannis Evangelium tractatus” oraz „In Johannis Epistolam ad Parthos tractatus”, Tarnów 2010, Biblos, ss. 262.
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Michael Fiedrowicz, Teologia ojców Kościoła. Podstawy wczesnochrześcijańskiej refleksji nad wiarą, tłum. Wiesław Szymona OP, Kraków 2009, Wydawnictwo UJ, ss. 465.
Authors: Ogar Marcin E.
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Macarius of Jerusalem. Letter to the Armenians (AD 335). Introduction, text, translation and commentary by Abraham Terian, Treasures of the Armenian Christian Tradition 4, Crestwood – New York 2008, St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, ss. 184
Authors: Naumowicz Józef
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ks. Józef Pochwat MS, Sprawiedliwość i miłosierdzie: studium „Kazań do ludu” św. Cezarego z Arles, Kraków2008, Wydawnictwo La Salette Księży Misjonarzy Saletynów, ss. 171.
Authors: Zmorzanka Anna Z.
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Wykaz prac dyplomowych z antyku chrześcijańskiego ukończonych w niektórych polskich ośrodkach naukowych w 2009-2010 roku
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ks. biskup Luigi Padovese OFMCap (31 III 1947 - 3 VI 2010)
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Chrześcijaństwo a reinkarnacja i metempsychoza w świetle polemiki Tertuliana z Platonem
Authors: Filipowicz Adam M.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to show what the standpoint of Christianity in first centuries was among pagan conviction and teaching about reincarnation and metempsychosis. The author of this dissertation analyses Tertullian’s treatise On the Soul in context of Plato’ Dialogues. The first part of article puts in order meaning of terms: life after the death, immortality, resurrection, metempsychosis, metensomatosis, palingenesis, reincarnation, pre-existence of the soul. In the second part are discussed most important aspects of Plato’ view on the soul. Then are presented arguments (15) which Tertullian used to criticize Plato’ teaching about ideas and theory of anamnesis and to overthrow theory of reincarnation and metempsychosis. The conclusion takes recollection of standpoint and documents of the Church with reference to discussed matters.
„Szaty ze skór”: kara czy ratunek dla człowieka? Patrystyczna interpretacja Rdz 3, 21
Authors: Naumowicz Józef
Published: November 2020

In giving different allegorical meanings to the „garments of skins” (Gen 3:21) given to man after the Fall (mortality, corporeality, carnal mentality, animality, passions), the patristic authors tried not only to describe the effects of the sin of the first people, but also and above all to show what God did to ensure that the consequences of the Fall did not last forever and that a return to paradise might be possible. What most interested them was the meaning of these garments in the history of salvation. So Irenaeus of Lyon formed the concept of these garments as an antidote or medicine for sin, a concept developed later by the Cappadocian fathers. Gregory of Nyssa emphasized the fact that they permitted the preservation of man’s freedom and other characteristics of his having been formed in the image of God (rationality). In short, they were given in order to open a road for man to God, to make possible a return to paradise. Even if they signify the effects of the fall of man, which effects can be held to be burdensome and trying, they are not an expression of the Creator’s anger and punishment, but rather deliverance for man and a chance of salvation. They can at most be considered as „a divine way of punishing”, which is ultimately „a manifestation of mercy” (Gregory of Nazianzen).
Hermeneutyka antropomorfizmów biblijnych u Dydyma Ślepego
Authors: Pancerz Roland Marcin
Published: November 2020

Uno dei scrittori del IV secolo, che si è inserito nella controversia antropomorfita sorta in quel secolo tra i monaci del deserto egiziano, è Didimo il Cieco d’Alessandria. Nel suo Commento ai Salmi troviamo due immediate menzioni del gruppo degli antropomorfiti e la confutazione del loro errore. L’Alessandrino rimprovera loro di riferire l’essere ad immagine di Dio (Gen 1, 26) al corpo umano, di capire gli antropomorfismi biblici su Dio letteralmente, e in conseguenza di credere che Dio veramente abbia membra umane e una forma esteriore. Commentando molti frammenti biblici che parlano di Dio in questo modo, Didimo spesso mette in rilievo la necessità di un’adeguata interpretazione di tali espressioni. Il fondamentale principio interpretativo – desunto peraltro dalla tradizione anteriore – è quello di intendere queste parole qeoprepîj, cioè in modo degno di Dio, adeguato alla natura di Dio. Il significato degli antropomorfismi non può essere quello suggerito immediatamente dalla lettera della Scrittura, ma deve essere strettamente sottoposto al concetto della realtà a cui essi si riferiscono. Si deve quindi tener conto che Dio è un essere immateriale, spirituale, invisibile, privo di forma e grandezza, incomposto, immutabile, non legato ad alcun posto e libero dalle passioni umane. Nella sua teoria ermeneutica Didimo sembra pure richiamare l’attenzione sulla regola dell’analogia della fede. Nell’interpretazione degli antropomorfismi trova un ampio uso il metodo allegorico, ciò che del resto è tipico per la scuola alessandrina. Così lo scrittore ricava dalle espressioni antropomorfiche della Scrittura diversi significati, non di rado molto profondi: „il volto” di Dio è per esempio il Figlio di Dio oppure la stessa esistenza di Dio, le sue idee o la sua salvezza; lo scrutare gli uomini attraverso „le palpebre” (Sal 10, 4) esprime la divina clemenza nel giudizio; „il grembo” e „il cuore” di Dio Padre, da cui è generato il Figlio, indicano la stessa sostanza del Padre; “le mani” di Dio significano le sue varie potenze (creatrice, punitiva, protettrice), poi i due Testamenti, e infine il Figlio e lo Spirito Santo – due mediatori del Padre nella creazione del mondo; “l’ira” di Dio indica un castigo o un travaglio mandati da Lui, oppure le potenze che fanno il servizio di punizione. Ovviamente in queste interpretazioni Didimo risente spesso della tradizione anteriore (Filone e Origene). Grazie alla presa di posizione contro l’antropomorfismo Didimo appare a noi come un teologo maturo che difende l’immaterialità e la trascendenza di Dio, sa interpretare saggiamente la Scrittura e riesce a ricavarne numerosi e validi contenuti teologici.
Społeczne aspekty działalności dobroczynnej Bazylego podczas klęski głodu w 369 roku
Authors: Szablewska Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

During the famous famine of 369 Basil, a renown priest of Caesarea, was not hesitant to take up leadership and to successfully face a severe food shortage, which posed a major threat to the inhabitants of Cappadocia. His friend, Gregory of Nazianzus, was careful to point out that Basil’s involvement in the crisis took up a form of gathering the poor, distribution of food to the needy and, far and foremost, alleviation of spiritual suffering caused by hunger of words. In dealing with the wealthy landowners who used to hide grain in their granaries and with the merchants profiteering from this food shortage all he could do was to rely on his rhetorical persuasiveness. In a few sermons (Homilies 6, 8, 9, and also, probably, 7) he issued an appeal to the rich notables to make their grain available to the poor. The vast range of his arguments involved several issues like, to mention only a few, a dignity of human person, private ownership, proper attitude to wealth as such, importance of traditional system of honors connected with the conception of civic euergetism and pagan philanthropy. Basil was eager to make his audience realize the fact that wealth was not given for pleasure but should be reasonably managed and serve as a tool to help the poor and to diminish the scale of social injustice. He also argued that the care of the poor was deeply rooted in the Christian teaching (commandment of love) and practice (observed especially in the first Christian community) and was the best way to gain eternal reward.
Un intricato processo ad Atene: Eufileto uccide Eratostene, seduttore della moglie (Lysias, Or. I: De Eratosthenis caede apologia)
Authors: Bologna Orazio Antonio
Published: November 2020

In Athens in the late and early fifth century B.C. Eratosthenes, a well-known real Don Juan was killed. He sets his eyes on a young wife and seduces her, she is the wife of Euphiletus, a modest farmer, who spent a lot of time in countryside, away from his wife. Euphiletus, after the birth of his (first) son, places full faith in his wife. Having been in­formed about the affair, he catches her in adultery and, in front of some witnesses, kills Eratosthenes. The victim’s relatives hold a trial against the murderer, who before the Court gives a brilliant oration, written by Lysia one of the greatest orators of Athens.
Konstantinopel in den Weltkarten des Beatus von Liébana
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: November 2020

Vignettes of Constantinople are on four world maps of the Beatus of Liébana (c. 730- 798): 1) the Beatus map of Saint-Sever (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. Lat. 8878, fol. 45bisv-45terr), 2) the Beatus map of Osma (Burgo de Osma, Archivo de la Catedral, Cod. 1, fol. 34v-35r), 3) the Beatus map of Navarra (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Nouv. acq. lat. 1366, fol. 24v-25r.), and 4) the Beatus map of Arroyo (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Nouv. acq. lat. 2290, fol. 13v-14r). These vignettes are with the period of origin of each map closely connected. In other words, geography, history and political theology are here intimately linked. The vignettes analyzed of the word maps of Beatus illustrate changes in the approach to the question of the role and significance of Constantinople in the eyes of the Latins in the period from 1050 to 1250. These vignettes were certain schemes, that were designed especially for the people of that time and were understood by them. The vignettes were not a universal system, so every mapmaker adorned them with labels in order to avoid ambiguities in the identification of the respective cities. These vignettes were, however, understandable in the context of a specific map, when the map was ana­lyzed against the then geopolitical and theological background. In consequence of this the vignettes of Constantinople on four world maps of the Beatus of Liébana appears as a particular image of the relations between the Latins and the Greeks.
„Ave, piena di grazia, il Signore è con te” (Lc 1, 28) nell’interpretazione dei Padri della Chiesa
Authors: Kochaniewicz Bogusław
Published: November 2020

Analiza pism Ojców Kościoła pozwoliła odkryć niezwyle bogatą egzegezę tekstu Łk 1, 28. Słowa anioła Gabriela były interpretowane w różnych perspektywach. Nie są jedynie słowami powitania, lecz także zaproszeniem do radości, zwiastują pełnię czasów i nową ekonomię zbawczą. Słowa objawiają piękno duszy Maryi, wskazują na Jej świętość. Ukazują również aktywność Ducha Świętego, który napełnia duszę
Prikazi gradske vlastele u romanu Posljednji Stipančići Vjenceslava Novaka i njihova povijesna utemeljenost
Authors: Roknić Bežanić Andrea , Raguž Bruno
Published: November 2020

Rad kao polazište svoje historiografske analize uzima opise gradskih plemićkih obitelji iz romana Posljednji Stipančići Vjenceslava Novaka. Nakon što se iznese kratki povijesni okvir, koji se upotpunjuje s opisima što ih daje V. Novak, rad se kratko osvrće i na pitanje borbe za hrvatski jezik, no najvećim se dijelom bavi analizom povijesnog utemeljenja likova i radnje korištenjem egzaktnih i preciznih navoda iz stvarne povijesne zbilje. Na kraju se donose i Katastarski upisnici čestica iz Državnog arhiva u Zagrebu koji se također uspoređuju s navodima iznesenima u djelu.
Influence of near-wall PIV data on recirculation hemodynamics in a patient-specific moderate stenosis: Experimental-numerical comparison
Authors: Sharma Neha , Sastry Sudeep , Sankovic John M. , Kadambi Jaikrishnan R. , Banerjee Rupak K.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Recirculation zones within the blood vessels are known to influence the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Quantification of recirculation parameters with accuracy remains subjective due to uncertainties in measurement of velocity and derived wall shear stress (WSS). OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to determine recirculation height and length from PIV experiments while validating with two different numerical methods: finite-element (FE) and -volume (FV). Secondary aim is to analyze how FE and FV compare within themselves. METHODS: PIV measurements were performed to obtain velocity profiles at eight cross sections downstream of stenosis at flow rate of 200 ml/min. WSS was obtained by linear/quadratic interpolation of experimental velocity measurements close to wall. RESULTS: Recirculation length obtained from PIV technique was 1.47 cm and was within 2.2% of previously reported in-vitro measurements. Derived recirculation length from PIV agreed within 6.8% and 8.2% of the FE and FV calculations, respectively. For lower shear rate, linear interpolation with five data points results in least error. For higher shear rate either higher order (quadratic) interpolation with five data points or lower order (linear) with lesser (three) data points leads to better results. CONCLUSION: Accuracy of the recirculation parameters is dependent on number of near wall PIV data points and the type of interpolation algorithm used.
Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Neck OutcOme Score (NOOS-Ar) among the Saudi Arabian populace
Authors: Alqahtani Mazen
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: To date the Neck OutcOme Score (NOOS) was not cross-culturally adapted, validated or available in the Arabic language, although it was available in other languages. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Arabic version of the Neck OutcOme Score (NOOS-Ar) and study its psychometric properties. METHODS: A sample of 146 subjects with chronic neck pain filled in the NOOS-Ar questionnaire to determine the Cronbach’s alpha (α) for internal consistency, test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficients(2,1) [ICC(2,1)], inter-item correlation, measurement error by coefficient of variance and minimal detectable change, ceiling and floor effects, convergent construct validity with visual analog scale (VAS) by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and factor analysis to calculate and determine its psychometric properties. RESULTS: Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α> 0.9) and test-retest reliability [ICC(2,1)> 0.9] were observed in NOOS-Ar. None of the five subscales of the NOOS-Ar showed a floor or ceiling effect. The coefficient of variance was generally high, but the minimal detectable change was within the acceptable range (< 30%). The ‘everyday activity and pain’ and ‘symptoms’ subscales of the NOOS-Ar, showed a moderate correlation with VAS. CONCLUSION: The NOOS-Ar is highly reliable and has a moderate to good degree of convergent construct validity with VAS with no floor or ceiling effects.
In-depth analysis of life values and their corresponding inhibitors and facilitators in chronic low back pain patients: A mixed-method approach
Authors: Fischer-Grote Linda , Tuechler Kerstin , Kienbacher Thomas , Mair Patrick , Spreitzer Juliane , Paul Birgit , Ebenbichler Gerold , Fehrmann Elisabeth
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The struggle with pain often interferes with the ability of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients to pursue important life values due to psychological inflexibility. OBJECTIVE: This research examined life values, related inhibitors and facilitators relevant to personalized therapy planning. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-four CLBP patients completed the Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI). Of these, 68 patients were interviewed to assess inhibitors and facilitators related to life values. Mixed-effects models quantitatively examined differences in the values, structuring content analysis served to qualitatively analyze the interviews. RESULTS: Participants rated the value “family” as being of highest importance and success. The largest discrepancy between importance and success was found for “health”. Content analyses revealed a broad range of inhibitors and facilitators related to the examined life values with the highest number of inhibitors related to “work”. Facilitators were also found to be of relevance to all life values, but to a lower extent than inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived importance and success of life values and their related inhibitors and facilitators may differentially affect CLBP patients. Considering such individual aspects is therefore of utmost importance to improve patient care, as they enable treatment goals and the therapeutic strategies to be adapted accordingly.
Identification of MYLIP gene and miRNA-802 involved in the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Ni Ming , Yan Qin , Xue Hui , Du Yanfang , Zhao Shuangdan , Zhao Zhiming
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The dysregulation of microRNA-802 (miR-802) has crucial roles in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the bio-function of miR-802 in cervical cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Hence, we illuminated the potential roles of miR-802 in cervical cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. METHODS: The levels of miR-802 and myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) were measured using qRT-PCR assay. The potential effects of miRNA-802 on cervical cancer cell proliferation and metastatic phenotypes were determined using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. MYLIP was validated as a downstream target gene of miRNA-802 using bioinformatics analysis tool and luciferase report gene assay. The impact of miR-802 on the growth of cervical cancer cell in vivo was analyzed using xenograft model. The expression of MYLIP was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: MiRNA-802 was distinctly down-regulated in cervical cancer cells as well as clinical cervical cancer samples. Upregulation of miRNA-802 significantly inhibited the growth and aggressiveness of cervical cancer cell. Additional, MYLIP was a functional target of miR-802. MYLIP was ovrerexpressed in cervical cancer and MYLIP level was negatively associated with the level of miR-802. Overexpression of MYLIP eliminated the inhibitory effects of miR-802 on growth and metastatic-related traits of cervical cancer cell. In vivo, miR-802 also markedly reduced the tumor growth of cervical cancer cell and decreased the expression of MYLIP. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-802 inhibits the growth and metastatic-related phenotypes of cervical cancer cell through targeting MYLIP.
Machine learning, materiality and governance: A health and social care case study
Authors: Keen Justin , Ruddle Roy , Palczewski Jan , Aivaliotis Georgios , Palczewska Anna , Megone Christopher , Macnish Kevin
Published: November 2020

There is a widespread belief that machine learning tools can be used to improve decision-making in health and social care. At the same time, there are concerns that they pose threats to privacy and confidentiality. Policy makers therefore need to develop governance arrangements that balance benefits and risks associated with the new tools. This article traces the history of developments of information infrastructures for secondary uses of personal datasets, including routine reporting of activity and service planning, in health and social care. The developments provide broad context for a study of the governance implications of new tools for the analysis of health and social care datasets. We find that machine learning tools can increase the capacity to make inferences about the people represented in datasets, although the potential is limited by the poor quality of routine data, and the methods and results are difficult to explain to other stakeholders. We argue that current local governance arrangements are piecemeal, but at the same time reinforce centralisation of the capacity to make inferences about individuals and populations. They do not provide adequate oversight, or accountability to the patients and clients represented in datasets.
The Effects of a 5-Year Physical Exercise Intervention with Music in Community- Dwelling Normal Elderly People: The Mihama-Kiho Follow-Up Project
Authors: Satoh Masayuki , Ogawa Jun-ichi , Tokita Tomoko , Matsumoto Yoshimi , Nakao Koji , Tabei Ken-ichi , Kato Natsuko , Tomimoto Hidekazu
Published: November 2020

Background: We previously reported the enhanced effects of physical exercise when combined with music (ExM) on cognitive function in community-dwelling normal elderly people compared to exercise alone. Following that study, participants voluntarily continued the ExM classes for 5 years. Objective: To identify the effects of a 5-year ExM intervention on cognitive function in normal elderly people. Methods: Fifty-four subjects continued the ExM classes once a week for 5 years (ExM group). Thirty-three subjects retired from the ExM class during the 5 years (Retired group). Twenty-one subjects never participated in any intervention over the 5 years (No-exercise group). Cognitive function and ADLs were assessed using neuropsychological batteries and the functional independence measure (FIM), respectively. The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD) was used to investigate medial temporal lobe atrophy. Results: Analyses of the raw scores after the 5-year intervention showed significant differences between the ExM and No-exercise groups in their MMSE scores, Raven’s colored progressive matrices (RCPM) time, logical memory (LM)-I, as well as the total and physical exercise sub-scores of the FIM. Analysis of subjects aged 70– 79 years at the beginning of this project showed significantly quicker performance on the RCPM in the ExM compared to No-exercise groups. The correlation coefficients between the total number of ExM sessions attended and the degree of changes in physical, neuropsychological, and VSRAD scores were significant for RCPM performance time and LM-I scores. Conclusion: Long-term ExM intervention reinforces multifaceted cognitive function in normal elderly people, and is especially beneficial for psychomotor speed.