bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Green Synthesized MMT/Ag Nanocomposite for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Choudhary Nisha , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Almohana Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Almojil Sattam Fahad , Gnanamoorthy Govhindhan , Kim Do-Hyeon , Islam Saiful , Kumar Pankaj , Jeon Byong-Hun
Published: November 2021

Textile industries are the largest consumer of synthetic dyestuff compounds and consequently, they are the prime contributor of colored organic contaminants to the environment. The dye compounds when released in soil or freshwater resources such as rivers, cause a potential hazard to living beings due to their toxic, allergic and carcinogenic nature. Current conventional treatment methods for removal or degradation of such dyestuff materials from water systems are not sufficient, and therefore, there is an immediate need to find efficient and eco-friendly approaches. In this regard, nanotechnology can offer an effective solution to this problem. In the present work, montmorillonite/silver nanocomposite (MMT/Ag nanocomposite) is developed through green synthesis methods using naturally occurring montmorillonite (MMT) clay and silver nanoparticles. The material was characterized by using a particle size analyzer (PSA), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and a Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The adsorption efficiency of the nanocomposite and per cent removal of methylene blue (MB) was investigated by using a batch system.
Simulated Modelling, Design, and Performance Evaluation of a Pilot-Scale Trickling Filter System for Removal of Carbonaceous Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Anees Muhammad , Sehar Shama , Alhewairini Saleh S. , Saroj Devendra P. , Ahmed Safia
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study is to assess the wastewater treatment efficiency of a low-cost pilot-scale trickling filter (TF) system under a prevailing temperature range of 12 °C–38 °C. Operational data (both influent and effluent) for 330 days were collected from the pilot-scale TF for various physicochemical and biological parameters. Average percentage reductions were observed in the ranges of 52–72, 51–73, 61–81, and 74–89% for BOD5, COD, TDS, and TSS, respectively, for the whole year except the winter season, where a 74–88% reduction was observed only for TSS, whilst BOD5, COD, and TDS demonstrated reductions in the ranges of 13–50, 13–49, and 23–61%, respectively. Furthermore, reductions of about 43–55% and 57–86% in fecal coliform count were observed after the 1st and 6th day of treatment, respectively, throughout study period. Moreover, the pilot-scale TF model was based on zero-order kinetics calibrated at 20 °C using experimental BOD5 data obtained in the month of October to calculate the k20 value, which was further validated to determine the kt value for each BOD5 experimental setup. The model resulted in more accurate measurements of the pilot-scale TF and could help to improve its ability to handle different types of wastewater in the future.
California Drought Outlooks Based on Climate Change Models’ Effects on Water Availability
Authors: Lynam Lauren , Piechota Thomas
Published: November 2021

Future streamflow in California is evaluated based on eight climate projections models and the effects on water availability. The unimpaired projected streamflow for eleven California rivers, collected from Cal-Adapt, are compared with unimpaired historical flows (1950–2015) using eight climate model projections (2020–2099) identified as representative as possible future scenarios; Warm Dry RCP 4.5, Average RCP 4.5, Cool Wet RCP 4.5, Other RCP 4.5, Warm Dry RCP 8.5, Average RCP 8.5, Cool Wet RCP 8.5, and Other RCP 8.5. Projected drought deficits (or magnitudes), durations, and intensities are statistically tested against historical values to determine significance of differences between past streamflow and future streamflow. The models show significant differences between historical and projected streamflow with all three drought categories (deficit, duration, intensity), using difference in means t-tests. Warm Dry and Other simulations are projected to have larger droughts (2–3 times larger) than the historical record. Average and Cool Wet simulations are projected to have fewer droughts than the historical period. Results are consistent for 4.5 and 8.5 RCP scenarios that represent two different greenhouse gas emission levels. Potential impacts of such streamflow variations are discussed.
Effects of Drying-Rewetting Cycles on Ferrous Iron-Involved Denitrification in Paddy Soils
Authors: Zhang Yushuai , Xu Baokun , Han Jiangpei , Shi Liangsheng
Published: November 2021

Soil moisture status has an important effect on the process of denitrification in paddy soils. However, it is unclear how it affects the ferrous iron-involved denitrification. Here, the influence of drying-rewetting cycles on ferrous iron-involved denitrification in paddy soil were studied with batch experiments. The dynamics of nitrate, ammonia, Fe2+, Fe3+ and total organic carbon (TOC), as well as nitrous oxide (N2O) were investigated using the iron-rich paddy soil in Jiangxi province, South China. Results demonstrated that the denitrification rate dropped while ammonia nitrogen content (NH4+-N) showed a rapid accumulation in the drying period. In the rewetting period, organic carbon played two-side roles. Organic carbon and ferrous iron together provided electron donors to denitrification, and organic carbon simultaneously reduced ferric iron under anaerobic environment. There were complex interactions among organic carbon, nitrate and Fe2+/Fe3+ under drying-rewetting cycles. Soil rewetting led to denitrification flush, especially after a moderately long drying period, while excessively frequent drying-rewetting alternation was not favorable to nitrate denitrification.
Pumping Well Layout Scheme Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Total Critical Pumping Rates in Coral Island Based on Numerical Model
Authors: Wang Ran , Shu Longcang , Li Yuxi , Opoku Portia Annabelle
Published: November 2021

Groundwater on small coral islands exists in the form of freshwater lenses that serve as an important water resource for local inhabitants and ecosystems. These lenses are vulnerable to salinization due to groundwater abstraction and precipitation variation. Determination of the sustainable yield from freshwater lenses is challenging because the uncertainties of recharge and hydrogeological characteristics make it difficult to predict the lens response to long-term pumping. In this study, nine pumping well layout schemes along a line are designed using the orthogonal experimental design method, and an optimal well layout scheme is determined by multi-index range analysis and comprehensive balance analysis method. The total critical pumping rates of the freshwater lens corresponding to different schemes are calculated by numerical simulation, and the sensitivity of the total critical pumping rates to hydrogeological parameters is analyzed. The results show that the calculation of the total critical pumping rates needs to be combined with the specific well layout scheme with consideration to the length of well screens, the number of wells and the distance between wells. The difference in total critical pumping rates between different schemes can be up to three times. The uncertainty of hydrogeological parameters has a great impact on the total critical pumping rates. Within the range of a 30% reduction in parameters, α and K are the key risk factors of pumping; within the range of a 30% increase in parameters, α, ne and K are the key risk factors; α-ne combined changes had the greatest impact. The management of freshwater lenses and the assessment of sustainable yield will continue to be important tasks for coral islands in the future, and this study can help with the sustainable exploitation of island freshwater lenses.
Use of Multidisciplinary Approaches for Groundwater Recharge Mechanism Characterization in Basement Aquifers: Case of Sanon Experimental Catchment in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kafando Moussa Bruno , Koïta Mahamadou , Le Coz Mathieu , Yonaba Ousmane Roland , Fowe Tazen , Zouré Cheick Oumar , Faye Moussa Diagne , Leye Babacar
Published: November 2021

In Burkina Faso, the basement aquifers represent a major asset in terms of quantity and quality, for both drinking and irrigation purposes for rural populations. They provide water resources that can guarantee the long-term needs of the populations, provided that a sustainable management policy for these resources is adopted. Yet, any groundwater resource management policy is necessarily linked to a better knowledge of aquifer recharge mechanisms, which is yet to be fully assessed in the Sahelian basement area. The objective of this study was to characterize the recharge mechanism within the experimental site of Sanon, located in the basement zone in Burkina Faso, using a coupling of hydrodynamic and chemical approaches. The hydrodynamic approach consisted of monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of the piezometric levels of the aquifers along a north–south and east–west transect and determining soil infiltration capacity. The hydrochemical characterization of the aquifers was carried out through an analysis of groundwater samples from the concerned aquifers and daily tracing of the electrical conductivity of the aquifer water. The cross-analysis from the results of the implemented approaches shows a direct recharge mechanism through rainwater infiltration in the central valley, an indirect recharge mechanism in the lowlands, and a recharge mechanism by lateral transfers in the peripheral aquifers of the Sanon experimental catchment. The existence of a piezometric dome reveals in the central valley a zone of preferential recharge and water movement. The water of the central valley is the least mineralized with electrical conductivities below 100 µS/cm. This mineralization follows the direction of the water flow.
Factors Affecting Wheat Producers’ Water Conservation Behavior: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Momenpour Yadgar , Choobchian Shahla , Sadighi Hassan , Malos Cristian-Valeriu , Viira Ants-Hannes , Kurban Alishir , Azadi Hossein
Published: November 2021

The present research aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing water conservation behaviors (WCBs) and determine the most important ones. The research adopted a causal-relational method with a questionnaire compiled for data collection. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire based on the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha for different sections were between 0.71 and 0.95. The statistical population included 5473 wheat farmers in Bukan Township, Iran. Krejcie and Morgan tables were used to calculate the sample size of 357 people. All these farmers have key information about the effects of climate change (e.g., drought) and are pioneers in using adaptation and water conservation strategies in wheat production. In this study, the sample size was determined using stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The questionnaire validity was approved by the validity expert board. According to the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, the most important factors influencing WCBs of wheat producers included “institutional”, “economic”, “natural”, “extensional”, “social”, “attitudinal”, and “self-identity” ones. These seven factors together accounted for 47.498% of the variance in WCBs of wheat producers. The relationship between independent variables and wheat growers’ WCBs was determined by Pearson correlation coefficients. According to the results, economic, institutional, natural, attitudinal, social, and self-identity factors had a significant relationship with WBC at 1% error level. The regression results also showed that among the studied variables, economic and extensional factors had the greatest impact on wheat growers’ WCBs. The results can help managers and planners determine policies that focus more on economic and extensional factors that have been neglected in previous studies.
Electromagnetic Induction Is a Fast and Non-Destructive Approach to Estimate the Influence of Subsurface Heterogeneity on Forest Canopy Structure
Authors: Carrière Simon Damien , Martin-StPaul Nicolas K. , Doussan Claude , Courbet François , Davi Hendrik , Simioni Guillaume
Published: November 2021

The spatial forest structure that drives the functioning of these ecosystems and their response to global change is closely linked to edaphic conditions. However, the latter properties are particularly difficult to characterize in forest areas developed on karst, where soil is highly rocky and heterogeneous. In this work, we investigated whether geophysics, and more specifically electromagnetic induction (EMI), can provide a better understanding of forest structure. We use EMI (EM31, Geonics Limited, Ontario, Canada) to study the spatial variability of ground properties in two different Mediterranean forests. A naturally post-fire regenerated forest composed of Aleppo pines and Holm oaks and a monospecific plantation of Altlas cedar. To better interpret EMI results, we used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), soil depth surveys, and field observations. Vegetation was also characterized using hemispherical photographs that allowed to calculate plant area index (PAI). Our results show that the variability of ground properties contribute to explaining the variability in the vegetation cover development (plant area index). Vegetation density is higher in areas where the soil is deeper. We showed a significant correlation between edaphic conditions and tree development in the naturally regenerated forest, but this relationship is clearly weaker in the cedar plantation. We hypothesized that regular planting after subsoiling, as well as sylvicultural practices (thinning and pruning) influenced the expected relationship between vegetation structure and soil conditions measured by EMI. This work opens up new research avenues to better understand the interplay between soil and subsoil variability and forest response to climate change.
Improving the Methods for Processing Hard Rock Aquifers Boreholes’ Databases. Application to the Hydrodynamic Characterization of Metamorphic Aquifers from Western Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aoulou Kouassi Aristide , Pistre Severin , Oga Yéï Marie Solange , Dewandel Benoît , Lachassagne Patrick
Published: November 2021

Statistical analysis of a borehole database, linear discharges, and water strikes processing enabled an understanding of the structure, geometry and hydrodynamic properties of the metamorphic hard rock aquifers from the Montagnes District, Western Côte d’Ivoire. The database comprises 1654 boreholes among which 445 only were usable for this research work after its pre-processing. Analysis shows that the structure of the aquifer is similar to that observed in several other areas in the world: it developed due to weathering processes, comprises the capacitive saprolite, 10–20 m thick on average, and an underlying transmissive fractured layer, overlying the unweathered impermeable hard rock. The fractured layer is 80 m thick, the first 40 to 45 metres being its most productive zone, with a 11.3 m3/h median productivity. This research shows that metamorphic aquifers exhibit similar aquifer properties (thickness, hydrodynamic parameters) as plutonic ones and that there is interest in using such databases for research and other purposes. However, a rigorous pre-treatment of the data is mandatory, and geological data from published maps must be used instead of the geological data from the database. A previous methodology aiming at processing the boreholes’ linear discharges was improved. It notably appears that the slope method must be preferred to the percentile method.
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Karimidastenaei Zahra , Klöve Björn , Sadegh Mojtaba , Haghighi Ali Torabi
Published: November 2021

Global water resources are under pressure due to increasing population and diminishing conventional water resources caused by global warming. Water scarcity is a daunting global problem which has prompted efforts to find unconventional resources as an appealing substitute for conventional water, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Ice is one such unconventional water resource, which is available mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic. In this study, opportunities and challenges in iceberg utilization as a source of freshwater were investigated on the basis of a systematic literature review (SLR). A search in three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) yielded 47 separate studies from 1974 to 2019. The SLR indicated that harvesting iceberg water, one of the purest sources of water, offers benefits ranging from supplying freshwater and creating new jobs to avoiding iceberg damage to offshore structures. Economic considerations and risks associated with iceberg towing were identified as the main limitations to iceberg harvesting, while environmental impacts were identified as the main challenge to exploiting this resource. Assessment of trends in ice sheets in Arctic and Antarctic across different spatiotemporal scales indicated that the main sources of icebergs showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) decreasing trend for all months and seasons during 2005–2019.
Effect of the Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncoupler Para-Nitrophenol on the Activated Sludge Community Structure and Performance of a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Stavrakakis Ioannis , Remmas Nikolaos , Melidis Paraschos , Ntougias Spyridon
Published: November 2021

In this work, the metabolic uncoupler para-nitrophenol (pNP) was applied to suppress excess sludge production and to investigate its effects on the system’s performance and activated sludge community structure. The COD removal efficiency decreased from 99.0% to 89.5% prior to and after pNP addition, respectively. Application of pNP transiently reduced NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N removal efficiencies, suggesting partial inhibition of both nitrifying and denitrifying activity. However, no changes in the relative abundance of the nitrifying bacteria occurred. Phosphorus removal efficiency was sharply reduced after pNP addition, as the consequence of hydrolysis of stored cell reserves. Tetrasphaera, a key polyphosphate accumulating organism, was also affected by the addition of pNP, a fact that highly influenced system’s ability to remove phosphorus. A drastic drop in Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) and Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) was also detected shortly after the introduction of the uncoupler. On the other hand, MBR’s physicochemical parameters were restored to initial values a week after the addition of pNP. Moreover, remarkable changes in beta-diversity were noted after pNP addition. An increase of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes over Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria was also observed after pNP addition.
Gross Primary Production of Rainfed and Irrigated Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Colombian Andean Region Using Eddy Covariance Technique
Authors: Martínez-Maldonado Fabio Ernesto , Castaño-Marín Angela María , Góez-Vinasco Gerardo Antonio , Marin Fabio Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Potato farming is relevant for global carbon balances and greenhouse emissions, of which gross primary productivity (GPP) is one of the main drivers. In this study, the net carbon ecosystem exchange (NEE) was measured using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method in two potato crops, one of them with an irrigation system, the other under rainfed conditions. Accurate NEE partition into GPP and ecosystem respiration (RECO) was carried out by fitting a light response curve. Direct measurements of dry weight and leaf area were performed from sowing to the end of canopy life cycle and tuber bulking. Agricultural drought in the rainfed crop resulted in limited GPP rate, low leaf area index (LAI), and low canopy carbon assimilation response to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Hence, in this crop, there was lower efficiency in tuber biomass gain and NEE sum indicated net carbon emissions to atmosphere (NEE = 154.7 g C m−2 ± 30.21). In contrast, the irrigated crop showed higher GPP rate and acted as a carbon sink (NEE = −366.6 g C m−2 ± 50.30). Our results show, the environmental and productive benefits of potato crops grown under optimal water supply.
Solvothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange and p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Chuanxi , Liu Yonglin , Fan Yuqi , Dang Feng , Qiu Yang , Zhou Huimin , Wang Weiliang , Liu Yuzhen
Published: November 2021

The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is an effective method of controlling environmental pollution. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by the solvothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). The results showed that the ZnO NPs had a uniform size of 25–40 nm, hexagonal wurtzite structure, and a band gap of 2.99 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs. The photocatalytic degradation rates (pseudo-first-order kinetics) of MO and PNP were 92% (0.0128 min−1) and 56.2% (0.0042 min−1), respectively, with a 25 W ultraviolet lamp, MO/PNP concentration = 20 mg/L, ZnO NPs dose = 1.5 g/L, and time = 180 min. The photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO NPs and degradation pathways of MO and PNP were also proposed. The results provide valuable information and guidance for the treatment of wastewater via photocatalytic methods.
Relative Contribution of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities to Streamflow Alterations in Illinois
Authors: Khan Manas , Dahal Vaskar , Jeong Hanseok , Markus Momcilo , Bhattarai Rabin
Published: November 2021

Rainfed agricultural systems have become more vulnerable to climate change due to their significant dependence on natural precipitation. Drastic changes in precipitation, superimposed with anthropogenic activities, including land use land cover change, can modify the hydrologic response, especially in agricultural watersheds. In this study, Fisher Information and cumulative sum charts (CUMSUM) methods were applied to detect the hydrologic regime shifts in six watersheds in Illinois, USA. The regime shift analysis identified shifts in streamflow regime in three agricultural watersheds, mainly around the 1970s; whereas, no significant change in streamflow was observed for forest-dominated watersheds. Furthermore, the Budyko framework was used to determine the relative contribution in streamflow alterations (i.e., regime shifts in streamflow) for the agricultural watersheds, which evidenced significant shifts in streamflow. The Budyko analysis inferred that alterations in streamflow could be primarily attributed to anthropogenic activities with a comparatively lower contribution from climate in agricultural watersheds. The relative contribution from anthropogenic activities were 71.66%, 81.46%, and 74.04%; whereas, the relative contribution from climate were 28.34%, 18.54%, and 25.96% for the Sangamon, Vermillion, and Skillet agricultural watersheds, respectively. The techniques used and the results obtained from the study would be helpful for future research in assessing the vulnerability and impact of management practices in a highly managed agricultural watershed.
Quantifying the Impacts of Coal Mining and Soil-Water Conservation on Runoff in a Typical Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Lin Binbin , Wang Yicheng , Wang Hejia , Xiao Weihua
Published: November 2021

Coal mining and soil-water conservation are the two major human interventions on the Loess Plateau in China. Analyzing their impacts on hydrological processes is of great significance for sustainable water resource management. Using hydrological simulation (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) and a data-driven method (double mass curve, DMC), the contributions of these two human activities and climate change to the runoff decrease were analyzed in the upper Fenhe River. The runoff in the three affected periods (1967–1987, 1988–1994, and 1995–2017) decreased by 7.5%, 28.2%, and 24.1%, respectively, compared with the base period (1957–1966). In the first affected period (1967–1987), the amount of coal mining activities was small, human activities had little impact on runoff. In the second (1988–1994) and third (1995–2017) periods, as the coal mining and soil-water conservation intensified, their contributions to the runoff decrease rapidly increased. Due to the uncertainties in the model structure and parameters, in addition to the impact of the data accuracy, the results obtained from the two methods were different, but the proportions and the trends of the contribution rates in the different periods were consistent.
Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)
Authors: Stelmakh Lyudmyla , Kovrigina Nelya
Published: November 2021

In the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol, a gradual temperature elevation and an increase in anthropogenic pressure since the early 2000s have caused significant structural and functional changes in phytoplankton. Currently, there is a significant decrease in the contribution of small diatom species (Skeletonema sp. and Chaetoceros socialis H.S.Lauder as well as coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W.W.Hay and H.P.Mohler) to the total phytoplankton biomass in these waters. Previously these species caused regular weak blooms. In the warm periods (from May to October), during which the main phytoplankton biomass is formed, large diatom species Pseudosolenia calcar-avis (Schultze) B.G.Sundström, 1986, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström and dinoflagellates predominate. Therefore, the maximum values of the phytoplankton community’s specific growth rate are about two times lower than in the preceding periods and do not exceed 1.10–1.40 day−1. There was also a decrease observed in the microzooplankton grazing rate, which, during the year, was no higher than 0.70–1.20 day−1. This is primarily conditioned by the increased role of large algae in phytoplankton, which means a decline in nutrition quality for microzooplankton. As a result of the joint influence of nutrition quality and water pollution, the relative share of net primary production consumed by microzooplankton in the warm periods of the year averaged only 32%, which is two times lower than the average values generally accepted for marine ecosystems. This means that the transfer of matter and energy from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels is significantly decreased.
Multiple sclerosis as one of the causes of disability at a young age
Authors: Rybachok Oksana Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2021

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most severe degenerative diseases of the central nervous system and is a variant of autoimmune pathology, in which demyelination and degeneration of nerve fibers occurs, against which there is a violation of their conduction. Its development occurs gradually and has a pronounced staging of the pathological process. The disease occurs as a result of the combined interaction of external factors (viruses, infection, intoxication, dietary characteristics, exposure to stressful situations, poor ecology) and hereditary predisposition. In the world, there are about 3 million patients suffering from various forms of multiple sclerosis. As a result of this pathological process, the central and peripheral nervous system is damaged mainly in young people of working age, which leads to their early disability, limitation of life opportunities, and gives reason to consider this disease a socially significant issue of our time.
Advantages and limitations of the use of tractography and fMRI in the treatment of anaplastic glioma
Authors: Medyanik Igor Aleksandrovich , Badu Simon Quarteng
Published: November 2021

The possibility of using only tractography as a preoperative diagnosis of anaplastic glioma is limited due to its inability to show the exact functional location of the tumor; therefore, the combination of tractography and fMRI seems to be a more promising complex diagnostic method. In neurooncology, complete resection without or with minimal neurological deficit is the goal of surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to investigate the advantages and limitations of the use of tractography and fMRI in the treatment of anaplastic glioma compared to standard CT or MRI. The study involved 48 patients who were divided into two groups based on the use of fMRI and tractography: group A (24 patients) and without it — group B (24 patients). The groups were compared in terms of age, sex, histological subtype of anaplastic glioma, degree of resection, postoperative complications, and dynamics of neurological disorders. The combination of fMRI and tractography is the best preoperative diagnosis, it is safe and allows localizing neural pathways, preserve them during surgery, and reduce postoperative neurological deficits.
The experience of different countries in the fight against the coronavirus infection
Authors: Gulyabin Konstantin Robertovich
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus pandemic was the first epidemic to hit humanity in the 21st century and a serious challenge to health care systems around the world, most of which were completely unprepared for such a scale of the problem. Starting in China at the end of 2019, the infection quickly spread around the world. Different countries have taken unprecedented measures of various content aimed at curbing the coronavirus: some put an emphasis on strict isolation and separation of people, others - on mass testing, and some - on self-isolation of citizens arriving from abroad. Meanwhile, social measures proved more effective than medical measures in some cases. In the developed countries of East and Southeast Asia, due to the sufficient awareness of citizens and a high level of trust in the ruling authorities, the measures to contain the epidemic were very successful, while in some countries of South America and India the epidemic has become a national disaster. Almost two years after the start of the pandemic, it is still too early to speak about any meaningful predictions, however, thanks to the mass vaccination that has begun in most countries, the prospect of containing the further spread of the infection is becoming real.
Healthcare in Vietnam
Authors: Frolova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2021

Since childhood, all of us are familiar with the Vietnamese balm "Golden Star", which at one time was used to treat literally everything, from headaches to inflammation at the site of an insect bite. Meanwhile, Vietnamese medicine, which has been forming for centuries, is distinguished by this approach - a minimum of surgical interventions, a maximum use of natural components: plants, mushrooms, extracts of animal origin, as well as the widespread use of acupuncture, moxibustion, various types of massage, manual therapy. In Vietnam, the achievements of traditional medicine are closely intertwined with modern methods, and at the same time, about 30% of cases of medical care are accounted for non-traditional methods of treatment. It should be noted that classes in alternative medicine are included in the compulsory curriculum in medical higher educational institutions.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Pelaporkan SPT Melalui E-filling(Pada WPOP di KPP Sukoharjo)
Authors: Farras Elfio Tera , Nursiam
Published: November 2021

Memperoleh bukti empiris tentang pengaruh sosialisasi perpajakan, keamanan dan kerahasiaan, persepsi manfaat, dan persepsi kenyamanan terhadap minat wajib pajak orang pribadi dalam melaporkan SPT melalui e-filling di KPP Pratama Sukoharjo adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada wajib pajak orang pribadi di Sukoharjo. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan teknik random sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus slovin yang berjumlah 100 responden. Pengujian analisis menggunakan analisis linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel sosialisasi perpajakan, keamanan dan kerahasiaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat wajib pajak orang pribadi untuk melaporkan SPT melalui e-filling dengan nilai sig masing-masing 0,002. Sedangkan variabel perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat wajib pajak orang pribadi untuk melaporkan SPT melalui e-filling dengan nilai sig masing-masing sebesar 0,753 dan 0,084.
New combined method of the thermoplastics turning
Authors: Erenkov O. Yu. , Yavorskaya E. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies of thermoplastic turning with the use of advancing vacuum treatment of the work piece surface. It has been experimentally proven that turning thermoplastics with advancing vacuum treatment of the surface of the work pieces leads to a better machined surface of the part in comparison with the traditional turning method.
Overcoming the World: Bavinck on Faith and Knowledge
Authors: BELT HENK VAN DEN
Published: November 2021

After A Short Biographical Introduction, This Article Argues That Herman Bavinck’s Reformed Theology Displays His Appreciation For The Catholicity Of The Church. This Attitude Appears Most Strongly In His Interest In Epistemology. For Bavinck, Faith And Knowledge Form An Essential Unity. He Intends To Avoid Subjectivity While Incorporating The Modern Epistemological Turn To The Human Subject. This Is His Most Original And Most Important Contribution To Theology. According To Bavinck, Faith Overcomes The World By Viewing It As God’s Fallen Creation On Its Way To Final Restoration Through Christ’s Redemption.
The Appendix Offers The First English Translation Of Thus Far Unnoticed Theses On Faith And Knowledge. KEYWORDS: Herman Bavinck, Neo-Calvinism, Theological Catholicity, Christian Epistemology, General Revelation, Subjectivity
The Stigmatization of HIV/AIDS Victims in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Gospel
Authors: BUYS PHILLIPUS J. (FLIP)
Published: November 2021

One of the most challenging issues in dealing with HIV/AIDS in Africa is breaking through the stigmas surrounding the disease and building resilience in communities where large numbers of people are infected with HIV or otherwise affected by the pandemic. This article explores the relationship between shame, fear, guilt, witchcraft, and HIV/AIDS stigmatization by looking at key features of the African traditional worldview and culture. We point out predominant witchcraft beliefs and how they translate to community attitudes towards people living with HIV and AIDS. We highlight the influence of prevailing beliefs in witchcraft and how they aggravate the experience of fear, shame, and stigmatization by people infected with or otherwise affected by HIV. Relevant aspects of the gospel are brought to bear to answer these challenges. KEYWORDS: HIV/AIDS, stigmatization, shame culture, fear culture, witchcraft, ubuntu
The Challenge of Communicating Christ in Melanesian Culture
Authors: DEJONGE RYAN
Published: November 2021

This article deals with culture and cross-cultural communication. More specifically, the concept of mana in the Melanesian worldview plays a significant role in that culture. I will discuss various approaches to cross-cultural communication of the gospel that have been and continue to be used in Papua New Guinea and suggest some reasons why they have come up short. I suggest that the much-neglected field of elenctics must be utilized more and provide ways that this can be done in the context of mana and the Melanesian worldview. KEYWORDS: Worldview, elenctics, communication, animism, culture, gospel, syncretism, Melanesian Christianity, mission
Divine Righteousness and Forgiveness: The Old Testament Background of Hilastērion in Romans 3:25
Authors: MULDER MICHAEL C.
Published: November 2021

We Start With An Analysis Of The Term Righteousness Of God In Romans 3:21–26. The Righteousness As A Gift To Believers (genitive Of Source, Verses 21–22) Is Founded On The Righteousness That Characterizes His Being (subjective Genitive, Verses 24–25). However, God’s Righteousness Should Not Always Be Interpreted As God’s Covenantal Faithfulness. For The Apostle, Divine Righteousness Brings Salvation And Leads To Judgment, As It Does In The Old Testament. There The Hilastērion, The Ark Cover, Brings These Attributes Together. After Investigating The Background, We Describe Paul’s Use Of The Image (Rom 3:25) With The Help Of Jewish Sources. In Christ, Divine Justice And Mercy Come Together In This Image. Finally, We Ask To Whom It Applies. KEYWORDS: (Day Of) Atonement, Forgiveness, Jewish Sources, Mercy Seat, Propitiation, Romans 3, Righteousness Of God, Hilastērion, Reconciliation, Sacrifice
Böhl on Justification and Regeneration: Some Implications for Preaching and Pastoring
Authors: VELDMAN MEINE
Published: November 2021

By the preaching of God’s law, the human being is confronted with his fallenness and existence in flesh, sin, and death. Eduard Böhl, with his emphasis on the synchronicity of God’s act of justification and regener- ation, seeks to maintain the boundary between Creator and creature in creation and history, and between sinner and Christ, flesh and the Spirit. From the viewpoint of the power of God’s word in preaching, the possibility of a redeeming dialogue is reestablished, and the reality of participation by faith in God is restored. By the gospel as the power of God in which his righteousness is revealed, the believer in the word is powerfully brought to newness of life and sustained in sanctification. KEYWORDS: Justification, regeneration, preaching, law of God, Holy Spirit, Christ
Guest Editorial: Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield, 1851–1921
Authors: HELM PAUL
Published: November 2021

This Year 2021 Marks The Centenary Of The Death Of The Theologian Benjamin B.Warfield. He Was A Son Of The Southern Presbyterian Church. John Meeter Summarizes Warfield’s Life As Follows:
Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield Was Born Into A Godly Presbyterian Home At “Grasmere,” Near Lexington, Kentucky, November 5th, 1851. When Only Nineteen Years Of Age He Was Graduated From What Is Now Princeton University, With The Highest Honor Of His Class. After Two Years Of Further Study And Travel Abroad He Entered Princeton Seminary, Graduating In The Class Of 1876. In 1878 He Was Appointed Instructor, And In 1879 Installed As Professor Of New Testament Exegesis And Literature At Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny. In 1887 He Received And Accepted, The Appointment To The Charles Hodge Chair Of Didactic And Polemic Theology At Princeton Seminary; And For Thirty-three Years, From 1887 To The Time Of His Death In 1921, He Served Princeton Seminary And The Presbyterian Church U. S. A. In The Chair Made Famous By The Alexander-Hodge Succession. KEYWORDS:
Edmund P. Clowney’s Triangle of Typology in Preaching and Biblical Theology
Authors: POYTHRESS VERN S.
Published: November 2021

Edmund Clowney created a triangle diagram to explain the func- tion of types in the Old Testament. The triangle has since become known as “Clowney’s triangle.” It has proved fruitful, and several people have incorporated it into their principles for interpretation and their interpretations of individual types. Let us reflect on its significance. KEYWORDS:
Book Review: Matthew D. Kim and Daniel L. Wong. Finding Our Voice: A Vision for Asian North American Preaching
Authors: JO STEVEN S.
Published: November 2021

KEYWORDS:
Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan Hukum Pidana
Authors: Saleh Abd. Rahman
Published: November 2021

Keberadaan data pribadi merupakan data privasi yang harus dilindungi undang-undang. Kemajuan zaman dan kemajuan teknologi informasi membuat segala sesuatu dapat diakses begitu luas. Demikian juga keberadaan data pribadi harus disimpan dengan kuat agar tidak ada yang mencuri data pribadi dan tidak diretas oleh pencuri data pribadi dengan tujuan untuk ditransaksikan. Pelanggaran data pribadi peserta BPJS Kesehatan oleh “Akun Kotz” yang merupakan pembeli dan penjual data pribadi menjadi catatan tersendiri bagi negara untuk hadir guna melindungi pemilik data pribadi agar tidak diretas dan ditransaksikan. Kebijakan hukum pidana adalah solusinya, yaitu negara harus mengatur ruang hukum dan menentukan undang-undang tentang bagaimana sanksi pidana dapat dijatuhkan bagi peretas data. Sehingga orang yang memiliki data pribadi terlindungi secara hukum dan tidak menjadi korban peretasan peretasan data pribadi yang dicuri dan ditransaksikan. Kebocoran data pribadi sangat meresahkan dan sangat merugikan negara dan pemilik data pribadi dimana para pelaku pencurian data harus ditindak secara hukum agar ada perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik data pribadi.
SANKSI TEGAS SERTA UPAYA HUKUM GUNA MENCEGAH TERJADINYA MONEY POLITIC PEMILU LEGISLATIF
Authors: Dairani Dairani
Published: November 2021

Pemilu merupakan bagian dari negara yang menganut sistem demokrasi dalam menjalankan kegiatan pemerintahan. Pemilu juga merupakan cara memilih dan menentukan kepala negara yang juga kepala pemerintahan. Pasal 22E (2) UUD 1945 sebagai dasar hukum utama penyelenggaraan pemilu. Diselenggarakannya pemilu untuk menghasilkan anggota (DPR), (DPD) dan (DPRD). Pelaksanaan pemilu yang bersih, terbuka dan adil merupakan amanah tegas konstitusi untuk menciptakan pemilu yang demokratis dan berkualitas. Namun, pelanggaran, kecurangan, dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan masih saja terjadi dalam praktik pemilihan umum. Politik uang merupakan salah satu isu hukum yang kuat hingga saat ini dan jumlahnya terus bertambah dari tahun sebelumnya dalam pemilihan umum, pemilihan kepala daerah dan pilkades. Politik uang merupakan usaha untuk membuat orang lain (masyarakat) empati dengan menggunakan materi sebagai imbalan dalam transaksi perdagangan suara sebelum dan selama pemilu. Dalam artikel ini,  membahas tentang pengenaan sanksi hukum sebagai upaya hukum untuk mencegah praktik politik uang yang terjadi ketika sebuah pesta demokrasi diselenggarakan.
KEBIASAAN MEMBACA CERPEN DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NARASI
Authors: Nuryadin Cecep
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebiasaan siswa dalam membaca cerpen dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis karangan narasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner dan tes tulis. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan: (1) kebiasaan membaca cerpen siswa Kelas X  Madrasah Aliyah Negeri  dengan  jumlah siswa 48  dapat diketahui bahwa sebanyak 29 siswa (82,88%) berada  pada  kategori sedang, 13 siswa (11,71%) berada pada kategori tinggi, dan 6 siswa (5,41%)  berada pada kategori rendah; (2) keterampilan  menulis  narasi  siswa  Kelas X di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri   Kota Baubau  dengan jumlah siswa 48  dapat  diketahui bahwa sebanyak 27 siswa (58,56%)  berada pada  kategori sedang, 12  siswa  (17,12%) berada pada kategori tinggi, dan 9  siswa (24,32%) yang berada pada kategori  rendah. Dengan demikian, dapat  disimpulkan bahwa  kebiasaan membaca  cerpen  dengan keterampilan menulis  narasi  mempunyai  hubungan timbal balik. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam cerpen  pasti terdapat  narasi  yang menjadi dasar dalam sebuah cerpen.
Technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method
Authors: Сильвестров А.В. , Загоруйко В.А. , Чаплыгина Н.Б. , Рыжков В.В. , Ермихина М.В. , Весютова А.В. , Иванова Е.В.
Published: November 2021

Изучены физико-химические свойства суспензии бентонита, полученной гидромеханическим способом в сравнении с традиционным. Представлены результаты исследований по обеспечению стабильности винодельческой продукции против необратимых коллоидных помутнений при применении суспензии бентонита, приготовленной гидромеханическим способом. Установлено, что суспензия бентонита, приготовленная гидродинамическим способом при частоте вращения ротора 2980 об/мин. в течение 5 мин. и средним размером частиц от 8 до 10 мкм, позволяет значительно повысить качество обработки виноматериалов и достичь высоких показателей их стабильности, а также снизить объем образующихся осадков до 10 процентов. Результаты технологической оценки суспензии бентонита, полученной на экспериментальной установке, положены в основу определения режимных и конструктивных параметров оборудования для приготовления растворов и суспензий вспомогательных материалов в виноделии.

Physicochemical properties of bentonite suspension obtained using hydromechanical method in comparison with traditional one have been studied. The results of studies on providing the wine product stability against nonreversible colloidal haze in applying bentonite suspension prepared using hydromechanical method are presented. It was found that bentonite suspension prepared using hydrodynamic method at a rotor speed of 2980 rpm during 5 minutes and an average particle size of 8 to 10 µm, can significantly improve the quality of processing base wines, achieve high stability level and reduce the amount of sediment by up to 10 percent. The results of technological evaluation of bentonite suspension obtained using experimental unit are the basis for determining the operating and design parameters of equipment for preparation of solutions and suspensions of auxiliary materials in winemaking.
Significados sobre la derivada evidenciados por alumnos de carreras de Ingeniería en una universidad mexicana
Authors: Larios Víctor , Páez Rosa Elvira , Moreno Hugo
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es responder la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el significado del objeto matemático derivada para un grupo de futuros ingenieros? Se usa como referente teórico el Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento y la Instrucción Matemáticos (EOS). En la metodología se considera una reconstrucción de los significados parciales de la Derivada para el diseño y aplicación de un cuestionario con ocho tareas para identificar el uso de esos significados parciales y, utilizando el método de análisis ontosemiótico, se analizaron las respuestas de los participantes. Con los resultados se concluye que el significado parcial predominante está vinculado con la idea de recta tangente a la gráfica de la función original y se observó la preferencia por el uso del registro gráfico en lugar del tabular. Se cierra con algunas reflexiones sobre las tareas que deben contemplarse en los cursos de Cálculo dirigidos a la formación de ingenieros.
Relaciones entre la investigación y la acción en didáctica de las matemáticas
Authors: Gascón Josep , Nicolás Pedro
Published: November 2021

En trabajos previos iniciamos una discusión, con diferentes investigadores en didáctica de las matemáticas, sobre el presunto carácter normativo o prescriptivo de la ciencia didáctica. Esta discusión derivó, en una segunda etapa, hacia la necesidad de explicitar los postulados o asunciones básicas y los fines (educativos y de la investigación) que cada teoría en didáctica de las matemáticas propugna o asume. Con el presente trabajo, que inaugura una tercera etapa del diálogo, queremos abordar el difícil problema de las relaciones entre la investigación y la acción en didáctica de las matemáticas. Para afrontar este problema desde la perspectiva de la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico describimos y ejemplificamos dos tipos particulares de resultados de la investigación didáctica muy relacionados entre sí, y mostramos para qué y cómo pueden utilizarse dichos resultados con el objetivo de incidir, simultáneamente, sobre la investigación y la acción didácticas.