bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing and spatial patterns of Cretaceous and Cenozoic inversion in the Southern Permian Basin
Authors: Kley Jonas
Published: March 2018

Mesozoic extensional basins of the Southern Permian Basin (SPB) System became inverted from Late Cretaceous time onwards. Following a first Cretaceous ‘Subhercynian’ pulse of contractional deformation and basin uplift, several distinct inversion events of Cenozoic age were often described. The oldest of these is the ‘Laramide’ event of Paleocene age which coincides with the termination of chalk deposition and widespread regression around the North Sea Basin, whose axial part continued to subside. The spatial extent of these effects is too wide to be compatible with inversion by folding and reverse faulting. The width of the uplifting and subsiding regions was also too large to be consistent with folding of the entire lithosphere under tangential compression. There appears to be no unequivocal evidence of discrete structures formed or reactivated in the Laramide event. By contrast, well-documented younger inversion of approximately Late Eocene to Late Oligocene–(Miocene?) age affected the region from the Celtic Sea to the western Netherlands. The associated deformation is weaker than that of the Late Cretaceous event and spatially overlaps with it only in the Southern North Sea. Structural inversion of the SPB thus comprised only two events separated in time and mostly also in space.
Inhomogeneous Extra Space as a Tool for the Top-Down Approach
Authors: Rubin Sergey G.
Published: March 2018

The top-down approach for the 6-dimensional space has been elaborated. The connection between the cosmological constant and the extra space metric has been obtained. The metric can be found with the necessary accuracy. It is shown that descent from high energies to the low ones leads to the quantum corrections which influence weakly the metric of extra space.
A New Scoring System to Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes in Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients with High-Risk Stigmata
Authors: Dong Zhiyu , Wang Junwen , Zhan Tingting , Zhang Haiqin , Yi Lisha , Xu Shuchang
Published: March 2018

Aims. To explore the risk factors for rebleeding in acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients with high-risk stigmata after endoscopic hemostasis and to develop a new scoring system for them. Methods. A retrospective single-center study was conducted from January 2012 to June 2017. The logistic regression model was used to explore risk factors of poor clinical outcomes. Accuracy of new scoring systems was compared with Rockall score (RS) and Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) using receiver operating characteristics curve. Results. Two hundred nine patients were included. In multivariate regression analysis, systolic blood pressure, endoscopic hemostasis method, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine were identified as indicators for rebleeding. New scoring systems with 4 variables and 5 variables based on these 5 risk factors were chosen. The 4-variable scoring system outperformed GBS in predicting rebleeding while 5-variable scoring system outperformed RS and GBS in predicting rebleeding significantly. Score 2 was identified as the best cut-off of these 2 scoring systems. Conclusions. Systolic blood pressure, endoscopic hemostasis method, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine were all associated with poor clinical outcomes. The new scoring systems had greater accuracy than RS and GBS in predicting rebleeding. Further external validation should be performed to verify the results.
Maneuvering Detection Using Multiple Parallel CUSUM Detector
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Zhou Zhongliang , Lu Chunguang
Published: March 2018

The switching model tracking algorithm based on hard decisions is an important method to solve the maneuvering target tracking problem. The use of Doppler velocity not only helps shorten the delay time of maneuvering detection but also provides information about the target motion model. A novel target maneuvering detection method named Multiple Parallel Cumulative Sum (M-CUSUM) for target multiple maneuvering models is proposed in this paper based on Doppler velocity. The main scheme of the proposed approach consists of the following: firstly, the problem framework of multiple model maneuvering detection is put forward; secondly, the statistic of acceleration is obtained through modeling the mapping relationship between Doppler velocity and the normal/tangential acceleration according to the geometry and kinematics; thirdly, the joint empirical distribution of the normal/tangential acceleration is obtained by the statistical experiment method and then the approximate joint probability distribution function of the normal/tangential acceleration is acquired by use of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm; fourthly, it is taken as the prior information of target maneuvering which is introduced to the likelihood ratio of prediction measurement residual by the marginalization method; finally, the standard Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) detector is extended as Multiple Parallel CUSUM detector. Simulation results show that M-CUSUM detector has a smaller maneuver onset detection delay time compared with similar detectors and has the ability of pattern recognition of target maneuvers.
Standard Model Effective Potential from Trace Anomalies
Authors: Jora Renata
Published: March 2018

By analogy with the low energy QCD effective linear sigma model, we construct a standard model effective potential based entirely on the requirement that the tree level and quantum level trace anomalies must be satisfied. We discuss a particular realization of this potential in connection with the Higgs boson mass and Higgs boson effective couplings to two photons and two gluons. We find that this kind of potential may describe well the known phenomenology of the Higgs boson.
A Comparative Assessment of Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Testing and Cardiac 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Imaging in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus without Complications or Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Didangelos Triantafyllos , Moralidis Efstratios , Karlafti Eleni , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Margaritidis Charalambos , Kontoninas Zisis , Stergiou Ioannis , Boulbou Maria , Papagianni Marianthi , Papanastasiou Emmanouel , Hatzitolios Apostolos I.
Published: March 2018

Aim. To compare the cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) with cardiac sympathetic innervation imaging with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients and Methods. Forty-nine patients (29 males, mean age 36 ± 10 years, mean T1DM duration 19 ± 6 years) without cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively enrolled. Participants were evaluated for autonomic dysfunction by assessing the mean circular resultant (MCR), Valsalva maneuver (Vals), postural index (PI), and orthostatic hypotension (OH). Within one month from the performance of these tests, patients underwent cardiac MIBG imaging and the ratio of the heart to upper mediastinum count density (H/M) at 4 hours postinjection was calculated (abnormal values, H/M < 1.80). Results. Twenty-nine patients (59%) had abnormal CARTs, and 37 (76%) patients had an H/M_4 < 1.80 (p=0.456). MCR, PI, Vals, and OH were abnormal in 29 (59%), 8 (16%), 5 (10%), and 11 (22%) patients, respectively. When using H/M_4 < 1.80 as the reference standard, a cutoff point of ≥2 abnormal CARTs had a sensitivity of 100% but a specificity of only 33% for determining CAN. Conclusions. CARTs are not closely associated with 123I-MIBG measurements, which can detect autonomic dysfunction more efficiently than the former. In comparison to semiquantitative cardiac MIBG assessment, the recommended threshold of ≥2 abnormal CARTs to define cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is highly sensitive but of limited specificity and is independently determined by the duration of T1DM.
Activation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Regulates the Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sadahiro Hirokazu , Kang Kyung-Don , Gibson Justin T. , Minata Mutsuko , Yu Hai , Shi Junfeng , Chhipa Rishi , Chen Zhihong , Lu Songjian , Simoni Yannick , Furuta Takuya , Sabit Hemragul , Zhang Suojun , Bastola Soniya , Yamaguchi Shinobu , Alsheikh Hebaallah , Komarova Svetlana , Wang Jun , Kim Sung-Hak , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Lu Xinghua , Newell Evan W. , DasGupta Biplab , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Lee L. James , Nabors Burt , Norian Lyse A. , Nakano Ichiro
Published: March 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal disease with no effective therapies available. We previously observed upregulation of the TAM (Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family member AXL in mesenchymal GBM and showed that knockdown of AXL induced apoptosis of mesenchymal, but not proneural, glioma sphere cultures (GSC). In this study, we report that BGB324, a novel small molecule inhibitor of AXL, prolongs the survival of immunocompromised mice bearing GSC-derived mesenchymal GBM-like tumors. We show that protein S (PROS1), a known ligand of other TAM receptors, was secreted by tumor-associated macrophages/microglia and subsequently physically associated with and activated AXL in mesenchymal GSC. PROS1-driven phosphorylation of AXL (pAXL) induced NFκB activation in mesenchymal GSC, which was inhibited by BGB324 treatment. We also found that treatment of GSC-derived mouse GBM tumors with nivolumab, a blocking antibody against the immune checkpoint protein PD-1, increased intratumoral macrophages/microglia and activation of AXL. Combinatorial therapy with nivolumab plus BGB324 effectively prolonged the survival of mice bearing GBM tumors. Clinically, expression of AXL or PROS1 was associated with poor prognosis for patients with GBM. Our results suggest that the PROS1–AXL pathway regulates intrinsic mesenchymal signaling and the extrinsic immune microenvironment, contributing to the growth of aggressive GBM tumors.

Significance: These findings suggest that development of combination treatments of AXL and immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide benefit to patients with GBM. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3002–13. ©2018 AACR.
Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split 3 (TLE3) Expression Is Associated with Taxane Sensitivity in Nonserous Ovarian Carcinoma in a Three-Cohort Study
Authors: Ring Brian Z. , Murali Rajmohan , Soslow Robert A. , Bowtell David D.L. , Fereday Sian , deFazio Anna , Traficante Nadia , Kennedy Catherine J. , Brand Alison , Sharma Raghwa , Harnett Paul , Samimi Goli
Published: March 2018

Background: Chemoresistance is a major challenge in ovarian cancer treatment, resulting in poor survival rates. Identifying markers of treatment response is imperative for improving outcome while minimizing unnecessary side effects. We have previously demonstrated that expression of transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) is associated with favorable progression-free survival in taxane-treated ovarian cancer patients with nonserous histology. The purpose of this study was to perform an independent evaluation of the association of TLE3 expression with response to taxane-based chemotherapy in nonserous ovarian cancer, to validate its role as a potential therapeutic response marker for taxane-based chemotherapy.

Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of TLE3 on ovarian cancer specimens from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, the Westmead Gynaecological Oncology Biobank, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed to validate an association between TLE3 expression and response to taxane therapy that we previously observed in a smaller study.

Results: Expression of TLE3 was associated with favorable outcome only in patients who had received paclitaxel as part of their treatment regimen for both 3-year progression-free survival (n = 160; HR, 0.56; P = 0.03) and 5-year overall survival (HR, 0.53; P = 0.04). Further analysis revealed that the predictive association between TLE3 expression and outcome was strongest in tumors with clear cell histology.

Conclusions: The association between high TLE3 expression and a favorable response to taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens was validated in patients with nonserous ovarian cancer.

Impact: TLE3 expression may serve as a marker of chemosensitivity in taxane-treated patients with nonserous histologies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 680–8. ©2018 AACR.
Concurrent Alterations in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers Associated with Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors and Characterization of MTOR as a Mediator of Resistance
Authors: Yu Helena A. , Suzawa Ken , Jordan Emmet , Zehir Ahmet , Ni Ai , Kim Ryan , Kris Mark G. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Li Bob T. , Somwar Romel , Solit David B. , Berger Michael F. , Arcila Maria , Riely Gregory J. , Ladanyi Marc
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To identify molecular factors that determine duration of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and to identify novel mechanisms of drug resistance, we molecularly profiled EGFR-mutant tumors prior to treatment and after progression on EGFR TKI using targeted next-generation sequencing.

Experimental Design: Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on 374 consecutive patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Clinical data were collected and correlated with somatic mutation data. Erlotinib resistance due to acquired MTOR mutation was functionally evaluated by in vivo and in vitro studies.

Results: In 200 EGFR-mutant pretreatment samples, the most frequent concurrent alterations were mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and RB1 and focal amplifications in EGFR, TTF1, MDM2, CDK4, and FOXA1. Shorter time to progression on EGFR TKI was associated with amplification of ERBB2 (HR = 2.4, P = 0.015) or MET (HR = 3.7, P = 0.019), or mutation in TP53 (HR = 1.7, P = 0.006). In the 136 posttreatment samples, we identified known mechanisms of acquired resistance: EGFR T790M (51%), MET (7%), and ERBB2 amplifications (5%). In the 38 paired samples, novel acquired alterations representing putative resistance mechanisms included BRAF fusion, FGFR3 fusion, YES1 amplification, KEAP1 loss, and an MTOR E2419K mutation. Functional studies confirmed the contribution of the latter to reduced sensitivity to EGFR TKI in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions: EGFR-mutant lung cancers harbor a spectrum of concurrent alterations that have prognostic and predictive significance. By utilizing paired samples, we identified several novel acquired alterations that may be relevant in mediating resistance, including an activating mutation in MTOR further validated functionally. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3108–18. ©2018 AACR.
Lipidomic Profiling Links the Fanconi Anemia Pathway to Glycosphingolipid Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Xueheng , Brusadelli Marion G. , Sauter Sharon , Butsch Kovacic Melinda , Zhang Wujuan , Romick-Rosendale Lindsey E. , Lambert Paul F. , Setchell Kenneth D.R. , Wells Susanne I.
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Mutations in Fanconi anemia (FA) genes are common in sporadic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), and we have previously demonstrated that FA pathway depletion in HNSCC cell lines stimulates invasion. The goal of our studies was to use a systems approach in order to define FA pathway–dependent lipid metabolism and to extract lipid-based signatures and effectors of invasion in FA-deficient cells.

Experimental Design: We subjected FA-isogenic HNSCC keratinocyte cell lines to untargeted and targeted lipidomics analyses to discover novel biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in FA-deficient cells. Cellular invasion assays were carried out in the presence and absence of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), a biosynthetic inhibitor of the newly identified class of gangliosides, to investigate the requirement of ganglioside upregulation in FA-deficient HNSCC cells.

Results: The most notable element of the lipid profiling results was a consistent elevation of glycosphingolipids, and particularly the accumulation of gangliosides. Conversely, repression of this same class of lipids was observed upon genetic correction of FA patient–derived HNSCC cells. Functional studies demonstrate that ganglioside upregulation is required for HNSCC cell invasion driven by FA pathway loss. The motility of nontransformed keratinocytes in response to FA loss displayed a similar dependence, thus supporting early and late roles for the FA pathway in controlling keratinocyte invasion through lipid regulation.

Conclusions: Elevation of glycosphingolipids including the ganglioside GM3 in response to FA loss stimulates invasive characteristics of immortalized and transformed keratinocytes. An inhibitor of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis NB-DNJ attenuates invasive characteristics of FA-deficient HNSCC cells. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2700–9. ©2018 AACR.
ABCC1-Exported Sphingosine-1-phosphate, Produced by Sphingosine Kinase 1, Shortens Survival of Mice and Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Yamada Akimitsu , Nagahashi Masayuki , Aoyagi Tomoyoshi , Huang Wei-Ching , Lima Santiago , Hait Nitai C. , Maiti Aparna , Kida Kumiko , Terracina Krista P. , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Ishikawa Takashi , Endo Itaru , Waters Michael R. , Qi Qianya , Yan Li , Milstien Sheldon , Spiegel Sarah , Takabe Kazuaki
Published: March 2018

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid mediator, has been implicated in regulation of many processes important for breast cancer progression. Previously, we observed that S1P is exported out of human breast cancer cells by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC1, but not by ABCB1, both known multidrug resistance proteins that efflux chemotherapeutic agents. However, the pathologic consequences of these events to breast cancer progression and metastasis have not been elucidated. Here, it is demonstrated that high expression of ABCC1, but not ABCB1, is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Overexpression of ABCC1, but not ABCB1, in human MCF7 and murine 4T1 breast cancer cells enhanced S1P secretion, proliferation, and migration of breast cancer cells. Implantation of breast cancer cells overexpressing ABCC1, but not ABCB1, into the mammary fat pad markedly enhanced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis with a concomitant increase in lymph node and lung metastases as well as shorter survival of mice. Interestingly, S1P exported via ABCC1 from breast cancer cells upregulated transcription of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), thus promoting more S1P formation. Finally, patients with breast cancers that express both activated SPHK1 and ABCC1 have significantly shorter disease-free survival. These findings suggest that export of S1P via ABCC1 functions in a malicious feed-forward manner to amplify the S1P axis involved in breast cancer progression and metastasis, which has important implications for prognosis of breast cancer patients and for potential therapeutic targets.

Implication: Multidrug resistant transporter ABCC1 and activation of SPHK1 in breast cancer worsen patient's survival by export of S1P to the tumor microenvironment to enhance key processes involved in cancer progression. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 1059–70. ©2018 AACR.
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase-3 (NME3) Enhances TLR5-Induced NFκB Activation
Authors: Flentie Kelly , Gonzalez Caleb , Kocher Brandon , Wang Yue , Zhu Hongtu , Marasa Jayne , Piwnica-Worms David
Published: March 2018

Bacterial flagellin is a potent activator of NFκB signaling, inflammation, and host innate immunity, and recent data indicate that flagellin represents a novel antitumor ligand acting through toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and the NFκB pathway to induce host immunity and aid in the clearance of tumor xenografts. To identify innate signaling components of TLR5 responsible for these antitumor effects, a loss-of-function high-throughput screen was employed utilizing carcinoma cells expressing a dynamic NFκB bioluminescent reporter stimulated by Salmonella typhimurium expressing flagellin. A live cell screen of a siRNA library targeting 691 known and predicted human kinases to identify novel tumor cell modulators of TLR5-induced NFκB activation uncovered several interesting positive and negative candidate regulators not previously recognized, including nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 (NME3), characterized as an enhancer of signaling responses to flagellin. Targeted knockdown and overexpression assays confirmed the regulatory contribution of NME3 to TLR5-mediated NFκB signaling, mechanistically downstream of MyD88. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that NME3 expression correlated highly with TLR5 expression in breast, lung, ovarian, and gastric cancers, and furthermore, high-level expression of NME3 increased overall survival for patients with breast, lung, and ovarian cancer, but the opposite in gastric cancer. Together, these data identify a previously unrecognized proinflammatory role for NME3 in signaling downstream of TLR5 that may potentiate cancer immunotherapies.

Implications: Proinflammatory signaling mediated by innate immunity engagement of flagellin-activated TLR5 in tumor cells results in antitumor effects through NME3 kinase, a positive downstream regulator of flagellin-mediated NFκB signaling, enhancing survival for several human cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 986–99. ©2018 AACR.
FoxO3a Mediates the Inhibitory Effects of the Antiepileptic Drug Lamotrigine on Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Pellegrino Michele , Rizza Pietro , Nigro Alessandra , Ceraldi Rosangela , Ricci Elena , Perrotta Ida , Aquila Saveria , Lanzino Marilena , Andò Sebastiano , Morelli Catia , Sisci Diego
Published: March 2018

Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with distinct histologic features dictating the therapy. Although the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients has been considerably improved, the occurrence of resistance to common endocrine and chemotherapy treatments remains the major cause of relapse and mortality. Thus, efforts in identifying new molecules to be employed in breast cancer therapy are needed. As a “faster” alternative to reach this aim, we evaluated whether lamotrigine, a broadly used anticonvulsant, could be “repurposed” as an antitumoral drug in breast cancer. Our data show that lamotrigine inhibits the proliferation, the anchorage-dependent, and independent cell growth in breast cancer cells (BCC), including hormone-resistant cell models. These effects were associated with cell-cycle arrest and modulation of related proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, p27Kip1, and p21Waf1/Cip1), all target genes of FoxO3a, an ubiquitous transcription factor negatively regulated by AKT. Lamotrigine also increases the expression of another FoxO3a target, PTEN, which, in turn, downregulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, with consequent dephosphorylation, thus activation, of FoxO3a. Moreover, lamotrigine induces FoxO3a expression by increasing its transcription through FoxO3a recruitment on specific FHRE located on its own promoter, in an autoregulatory fashion. Finally, lamotrigine significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo, increasing FoxO3a expression.

Implications: The anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine shows strong antiproliferative activity on breast cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, drug repurposing could represent a valuable option for a molecularly targeted therapy in breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 923–34. ©2018 AACR.
Identification of Cdk1–LATS–Pin1 as a Novel Signaling Axis in Anti-tubulin Drug Response of Cancer Cells
Authors: Yeung Benjamin , Khanal Prem , Mehta Virja , Trinkle-Mulcahy Laura , Yang Xiaolong
Published: March 2018

The Hippo pathway is a signaling cascade that plays important roles in organ size control, tumorigenesis, metastasis, stress response, stem cell differentiation, and renewal during development and tissue homeostasis and mechanotransduction. Recently, it has been observed that loss of the Hippo pathway core component LATS (large tumor suppressor) or overexpression of its downstream targets YAP and its paralog TAZ causes resistance of cancer cells to anti-tubulin drugs. However, YAP and TAZ mediates anti-tubulin drug-induced apoptosis independent of its upstream regulator LATS and the Hippo pathway. Thus, the underlying molecular mechanism of how LATS is involved in the anti-tubulin drug response remains unknown. Proteomic approaches, SILAC and BioID, were used to identify the isomerase Pin1 as a novel LATS-interacting protein after anti-tubulin drug treatment. Treatment with anti-tubulin drugs activated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which phosphorylates LATS2 at five S/T-P motifs that functionally interact with the WW domain of Pin1 and inhibit its antiapoptotic function. Thus, these data identify Cdk1 and Pin1 as a novel upstream regulator and downstream mediator, respectively, of LATS in antitubulin drug response. Further studies on this novel Cdk1–LATS–Pin1 signaling axis will be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and will provide useful information for targeting of this pathway in the future.

Implications: This study provides new insight on the molecular mechanism of anti-tubulin drug resistance and suggests novel therapeutic targets for drug-resistant cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 1035–45. ©2018 AACR.
Estratégia multimodal para prevenção da infecção da corrente sanguínea relacionada ao cateter venoso central: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Da Silva Alanna Gomes , De Oliveira Adriana Cristina
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas nacionais e internacionais que discorram sobre as estratégias multimodais para prevenção de infecção da corrente sanguínea relacionada ao cateter venoso central em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Cinahl e Scopus, de 2011 a 2016. Resultados: Encontraram-se 10 artigos que em sua totalidade enfatizaram ações voltadas para os períodos pré-intervenção com preparo da instituição e diagnóstico situacional, avaliação de protocolos e rotinas das instituições em 90% dos artigos; na fase de intervenção predominou o preparo dos profissionais distinguindo-se pelo método como palestras, workshops, grupos de discussão e simulação visando a etapa de inserção e manutenção do cateter, e no pós-intervenção em 100% dos estudos foi avaliado o impacto das estratégias implementadas sobre as taxas de infecção da corrente sanguínea relacionada ao CVC e disponibilizados feedback dos resultados e relatórios de vigilância à toda equipe. Conclusão: Os estudos apresentaram tempos de intervenção variados entre si, porém todos registraram uma redução da infecção da corrente sanguínea relacionada ao cateter venoso central entre 40 e 87%, sendo observada uma relação direta entre o tempo da intervenção e a porcentagem de redução das taxas de infecção.
Long-Term Cognitive Decline After Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure
Authors: Hammond Christa A. , Blades Natalie J. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Dodson John A. , Longstreth W.T. , Heckbert Susan R. , Psaty Bruce M. , Arnold Alice M. , Dublin Sascha , Sitlani Colleen M. , Gardin Julius M. , Thielke Stephen M. , Nanna Michael G. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Newman Anne B. , Thacker Evan L.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Heart failure (HF) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, we know little about the time course of cognitive change after HF diagnosis, the importance of comorbid atrial fibrillation, or the role of ejection fraction. We sought to determine the associations of incident HF with rates of cognitive decline and whether these differed by atrial fibrillation status or reduced versus preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results:

Participants were 4864 men and women aged ≥65 years without a history of HF and free of clinical stroke in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study)—a community-based prospective cohort study in the United States, with cognition assessed annually from 1989/1990 through 1998/1999. We identified 496 participants with incident HF by review of hospital discharge summaries and Medicare claims data, with adjudication according to standard criteria. Global cognitive ability was measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. In adjusted models, 5-year decline in model-predicted mean Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score was 10.2 points (95% confidence interval, 8.6–11.8) after incident HF diagnosed at 80 years of age, compared with a mean 5-year decline of 5.8 points (95% confidence interval, 5.3–6.2) from 80 to 85 years of age without HF. The association was stronger at older ages than at younger ages, did not vary significantly in the presence versus absence of atrial fibrillation (
P
=0.084), and did not vary significantly by reduced versus preserved ejection fraction (
P
=0.734).

Conclusions:

Decline in global cognitive ability tends to be faster after HF diagnosis than without HF. Clinical and public health implications of this finding warrant further attention.
Intensive Blood Pressure Targets for Diabetic and Other High-Risk Populations
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Steinkamp Jackson , Chiu Nicholas , Petrie Benjamin , Mirzan Haares
Published: March 2018

Optimal blood pressure (BP) targets for different populations, especially diabetics, remain uncertain after conflicting data on intensive management. We assessed whether a <120 mm Hg systolic target is beneficial and whether certain patient populations differ in response. Individual patient data of 14 094 patients from 2 randomized control trials was pooled. Seven thousand forty patients were assigned to an intensive target of <120 mm Hg and 7054 patients to a standard target of <140 mm Hg in an intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndromes, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Interactions between treatment and baseline characteristics were assessed. Secondary outcomes included nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, cardiovascular mortality, and overall mortality. Intensive management significantly lowered primary outcome rate (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.92;
P
<0.001). No significant interaction was observed between treatment effect and diabetes mellitus status (
P
=0.16). Significantly reduced secondary outcomes included stroke (hazard ratio, 0.75;
P
=0.033) and heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.76;
P
=0.014). No significant interactions were observed between treatment effect and baseline age, sex, race, cardiovascular disease history, systolic BP, or diastolic BP (
P
values: 0.40, 0.95, 0.54, 0.18, 0.86, and 0.67, respectively). BP targets of <120 mm Hg improved cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetic patients responded similarly to this intervention, as did those with different age, sex, cardiovascular disease history, baseline BPs, and race. The intensive group had increased risk of intervention-related adverse outcomes (3.97% versus 1.53%;
P
<0.001). Clinicians should consider <120 mm Hg systolic targets for a variety of patients, including diabetics.
Petrocodon asterocalyx, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China
Authors: ZHANG RUI-LI , FU LONG-FEI , LI SHU , WEI YI-GANG , MACIEJEWSKI STEPHEN , LOFURNO MICHAEL , WEN FANG
Published: March 2018

Petrocodon asterocalyx F.Wen, Y.G.Wei & R.L.Zhang, a new species from the Danxia landform area in Guangxi, South China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data. The molecular evidence shows that the new species is recovered in a weakly supported clade. Within this clade, the new one is morphologically similar to P. hancei (Hemsl.) A.Weber & Mich.Möller and P. coriaceifolius (Y.G.Wei) Y.G.Wei & Mich.Möller, and it can be distinguished from the former by calyx lobes 20–40 × 2–3 mm, corolla 2.5–3.0 cm long, filaments sparsely erectly pubescent, anthers sparsely pubescent, staminodes 3, and stigmas 2; from latter by leaf blades rhombic-oblong or rhombic, base shallowly cuneate, margin crenulate to serrate, calyx lobes linear, 20–40 × 2–3 cm, and anthers 3.5–3.8 mm long, sparsely pubescent and elliptical.
Interrupting planetary urbanization: A view from Middle Eastern cities
Authors: Khatam Azam , Haas Oded
Published: March 2018

This paper argues that the ‘city’ as a political entity is significant in struggles over the ‘urban’, by identifying two moments of ‘differential urbanization’ in the Middle East. Our study in Iran and Palestine/Israel shows that the vision of the ‘city’ as a legitimizing space for political citizenship is at the heart of conflicting imaginaries: in Iran, ‘cities of revolution’ built through housing the poor around Tehran, and redistributive politics that stand on filling the ‘rural/urban gap’, and in Palestine, the new city of Rawabi as a city of Palestinian independence, where privatized urban development contrasts colonial spatialities with anti-colonial potentials. Thus, the right to the ‘urban’ involves claims for the ‘city’ that go beyond the capitalist logic of urbanization. This theorization points to a troubling gap in the planetary urbanization thesis, which moves from collapsing the ‘urban/non-urban’ divide into ‘concentrated’, extended’ and ‘differential’ urbanization to diminishing the role of distinct sociospatial configurations in claims over the ‘urban’. Our case studies show that examining the reconfiguration of inherited spatialities in the context of particular political regimes is imperative for epistemology of the ‘urban’ in its planetary stage. Urbanization otherwise remains an uninterrupted process towards a non-spatial ‘urban condition’.
Identifying the contribution of occupational therapy in meeting the needs of women survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Keesing Sharon , Rosenwax Lorna , McNamara Beverley
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Little is known about how occupational therapy could assist women survivors of breast cancer and their partners who experience activity and role limitations during survivorship. This study sought to obtain views and consensus among occupational therapists regarding their potential role and the barriers and enablers to this potential service.

Method

We used a three-round classical Delphi process to determine the views of occupational therapists ( n = 40), and sought consensus (70%) for 49 statements concerning barriers and enablers affecting occupational therapy service provision during survivorship. Thematic analysis was used to determine themes and descriptive statistics to determine consensus level and median for statements.

Findings

Forty-six statements showed consensus. Themes identified were: (a) women and partners experience unmet needs; (b) gaps exist regarding supportive care; (c) access to comprehensive survivorship support is required; (d) barriers to occupational therapy exist; and (e) occupational therapists offer many supports to improve activity and role engagement for women and partners.

Conclusion

Occupational therapy is well-positioned to affect improvements in occupational engagement and role participation for women survivors of breast cancer and their partners. However, many barriers are identified. Occupational therapists must advocate the value of occupational therapy during survivorship to facilitate women’s engagement in meaningful activities and roles.
Analytical and numerical study of chaos in spatial attitude dynamics of a satellite in an elliptic orbit
Authors: Chegini Mohammadreza , Sadati Hossein , Salarieh Hassan
Published: March 2018

In this paper, chaos in spatial attitude dynamics of a triaxial rigid satellite in an elliptic orbit is investigated analytically and numerically. The goal in the analytical part is to prove the existence of chaos and then to find a relation for the width of chaotic layers (i.e. the initial values needed to have a chaotic attitude motion) based on the parameters of the system. The numerical part is aimed at validating the analytical method using the Poincaré maps and the maximum value of the Lyapunov exponents. The rotational–translational Hamiltonian of the system is first derived. This Hamiltonian has six degrees of freedom. Choosing a proper set of coordinates and given the fact that the total angular momentum is constant, the Hamiltonian is then reduced to a four-degree-of-freedom system. Assuming the effect of attitude on the orbital dynamics to be negligible, and assuming a nearly symmetric and fast-spinning satellite, the system is approximated by a second-order differential equation with a time quasi-periodic perturbation. Next, the Melnikov–Wiggins’s method is used to prove the existence of a chaotic behavior followed by the determination of an analytical relation for the width of chaotic layers. Although in the analytical method some restrictive assumptions are enforced, the results show that the analytical relation gives a good estimate for the width of chaotic layers even if these assumptions are not entirely satisfied. The results also show that this method is useful for finding the effects of all the parameters (the orbit and the satellite) and the initial values on the existence of a regular behavior.
Efficiency of disengaged wet brake packs
Authors: Leighton M , Morris Nicholas , Trimmer Gareth , King Paul D , Rahnejat Homer
Published: March 2018

Key objectives in off-highway vehicular powertrain development are fuel efficiency and environmental protection. As a result, palliative measures are made to reduce parasitic frictional losses while sustaining machine operational performance and reliability. A potential key contributor to the overall power loss is the rotation of disengaged wet multi-plate pack brake friction. Despite the numerous advantages of wet brake pack design, during high-speed manoeuvre in highway travel or at start-up conditions, significant frictional power losses occur. The addition of recessed grooves on the brake friction lining is used to dissipate heat during engagement. These complicate the prediction of performance of the system, particularly when disengaged. To characterise the losses produced by these components, a combined numerical and experimental approach is required. This paper presents a Reynolds-based numerical model including the effect of fluid inertia and squeeze film transience for prediction of performance of wet brake systems. Model predictions are compared with very detailed combined Navier–Stokes and Rayleigh-Plesset fluid dynamics analysis to ascertain its degree of conformity to representative physical operating conditions, as well the use of a developed experimental rig. The combined numerical and experimental approach is used to predict significant losses produced during various operating conditions. It is shown that cavitation becomes significant at low temperatures due to micro-hydrodynamic action, enhanced by high fluid viscosity. The magnitude of the losses for these components under various operating conditions is presented. The combined numerical-experimental study of wet multi-plate brakes of off-highway vehicles with cavitation flow dynamics has not hitherto been reported in the literature.
Verapamil as a culprit of palbociclib toxicity
Authors: Gowarty Jasmine L , Herrington Jon D
Published: March 2018

A promising drug, palbociclib, received accelerated approval as a first line treatment when used with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer. We report a case of a patient who presented with febrile neutropenia, grade 3 stomatitis with lip swelling, periorbital edema, and transaminitis while on palbociclib and verapamil. Labs normalized upon discontinuation of verapamil and our patient was able to continue treatment with palbociclib and letrozole. Verapamil’s inhibition of both permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4 is suspected to have led to the adverse side effects seen in our patient.
There’s no such thing as a good Arab: Cultural essentialism and its functions concerning the integration of Arabs in Europe
Authors: Buhagiar Luke J , Sammut Gordon , Rochira Alessia , Salvatore Sergio
Published: March 2018

Concerns about immigration are salient in the European Union and in Malta in particular. Previous research has demonstrated deep antipathy towards the Arab community in Malta, and social representations of Arabs are mired in a conflation of ethnic and religious categories with negative connotations. This paper presents evidence of the potency, within the public sphere, of negative arguments from cultural essentialism, concerning the integration of Arabs in Europe. The data were obtained abductively from a data corpus containing positive, mixed and negative arguments about Arabs and their integration. Results pointed towards the almost total exclusivity of arguments from cultural essentialism. These posited Arabic culture as an underlying essence that makes integration difficult or impossible. Different forms of culturally essentialist views varied in their emphasis of different aspects of cultural essentialism. Reductionist, determinist, delineatory and temporal aspects of cultural essentialism were all emphasised by respondents. The essentialist exceptions to negative arguments from cultural essentialism were rare and were posed tentatively by participants. Their paucity and manner of delivery substantiate the claim that it is strictly an Arabic cultural essence that is deemed to make integration impossible. Findings are discussed in light of the communicative functions that these dominant argumentative strategies fulfil.
Towards a psychology of ritual: A theoretical framework of ritual transformation in a globalising world
Authors: Wojtkowiak Joanna
Published: March 2018

Rituals are argued to be transformative in the literature. However, a psychological understanding of transformative ritual has been lacking. Moreover, in contemporary society, meaning-making processes are more complex and uncertain, and the practice of ritualising leads to more individualised and dynamic rituals. This article explores the question how to understand ritual transformation from a psychological perspective. In this theoretical review, insights from ritual studies are combined with psychological theories to build a theoretical framework on ritual transformation. Ritual is found to be transformative in terms of (1) aesthetic distance, (2) structured performance and (3) social collaboration. Ritual is considered in this article to be a culturally scripted event that cultivates emotions and thoughts through symbolic action in a social setting. The article ends with suggestions on how to study this framework in future empirical research.
A comparison of measured versus self-reported anthropometrics for assessing obesity in adults: a literature review
Authors: Maukonen Mirkka , Männistö Satu , Tolonen Hanna
Published: March 2018

Aims: Up-to-date information on the accuracy between different anthropometric data collection methods is vital for the reliability of anthropometric data. A previous review on this matter was conducted a decade ago. Our aim was to conduct a literature review on the accuracy of self-reported height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) against measured values for assessing obesity in adults. To obtain an overview of the present situation, we included studies published after the previous review. Differences according to sex, BMI groups, and continents were also assessed. Methods: Studies published between January 2006 and April 2017 were identified from a literature search on PubMed. Results: Our search retrieved 62 publications on adult populations that showed a tendency for self-reported height to be overestimated and weight to be underestimated when compared with measured values. The findings were similar for both sexes. BMI derived from self-reported height and weight was underestimated; there was a clear tendency for underestimation of overweight (from 1.8%-points to 9.8%-points) and obesity (from 0.7%-points to 13.4%-points) prevalence by self-report. The bias was greater in overweight and obese participants than those of normal weight. Studies conducted in North America showed a greater bias, whereas the bias in Asian studies seemed to be lower than those from other continents. Conclusions: With globally rising obesity rates, accurate estimation of obesity is essential for effective public health policies to support obesity prevention. As self-report bias tends to be higher among overweight and obese individuals, measured anthropometrics provide a more reliable tool for assessing the prevalence of obesity.
The heritage of Brexit: Roles of the past in the construction of political identities through social media
Authors: Bonacchi Chiara , Altaweel Mark , Krzyzanska Marta
Published: March 2018

This article assesses the role of the pre-modern past in the construction of political identities relating to the UK’s membership in the European Union by examining how materials and ideas from Iron Age to Early Medieval Britain and Europe were leveraged by those who discussed the topic of Brexit in over 1.4 million messages published in dedicated Facebook pages. Through a combination of data-intensive and qualitative investigations of textual data, we identify the ‘heritages’ invoked in support of pro- or anti-Brexit sentiments. We show how these heritages are centred around myths of origins, resistance and collapse that incorporate tensions and binary divisions . We highlight the strong influence of past expert practices in shaping such deeply entrenched dualistic thinking and reflect over the longue durée agency of heritage expertise. This is the first systematic study of public perceptions and experience of the past in contemporary society undertaken through digital heritage research fuelled by big data. As such, the article contributes novel methodological approaches and substantially advances theory in cultural heritage studies. It is also the first published work to analyse the role of heritage in the construction of political identities in relation to Brexit via extensive social research.
Failure analysis of conveyor belt samples under tensile load
Authors: Fedorko Gabriel , Molnár Vieroslav , Michalik Peter , Dovica Miroslav , Kelemenová Tatiana , Tóth Teodor
Published: March 2018

This paper is dedicated to investigating the properties of smooth conveyor belts through a tensile loading test, with the aim of examining the behavior of the inner structure of the belt samples. When the belt is subjected to a long-term strain, the belt relaxation effect is observed and changes may occur to the inner structure of the belt. The tensile test at constant velocity determines the load strength limit of the strip samples. The experiment has also shown the phenomenon of relaxation of the samples after the load. Metro-tomographic analysis is used to observe the behavior of the internal structure of the belt sample after the load. The obtained results indicate the initial damage of the inner structure of the conveyor belt occurred at the value of 2157 N. Under this load, the maximum damage size was 4.8 mm. This confirms the suitability of the method for tracking changes in the internal structure.
“Participant” Perceptions of Twitter Research Ethics
Authors: Fiesler Casey , Proferes Nicholas
Published: March 2018

Social computing systems such as Twitter present new research sites that have provided billions of data points to researchers. However, the availability of public social media data has also presented ethical challenges. As the research community works to create ethical norms, we should be considering users’ concerns as well. With this in mind, we report on an exploratory survey of Twitter users’ perceptions of the use of tweets in research. Within our survey sample, few users were previously aware that their public tweets could be used by researchers, and the majority felt that researchers should not be able to use tweets without consent. However, we find that these attitudes are highly contextual, depending on factors such as how the research is conducted or disseminated, who is conducting it, and what the study is about. The findings of this study point to potential best practices for researchers conducting observation and analysis of public data.