bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión sistemática y análisis comparativo de las herramientas de tamizaje nutricional en pediatría validadas en Europa y Canadá
Authors: Vásquez-Cárdenas Laura , Pinzón-Espitia Olga Lucia
Published: April 2020

Introducción. El tamizaje nutricional es una herramienta efectiva que permite establecer el riesgo de desnutrición hospitalaria, por consiguiente es importante revisar las directrices respecto a su uso en pediatría.Objetivo. Ofrecer recomendaciones sobre el uso de las herramientas de tamizaje nutricional validadas en Canadá y Europa en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Para la evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia se utilizó la herramienta U.S Preventive Services Task Force, formulada para medir acciones preventivas por la Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination.Resultados. Se incluyeron 15 estudios que cumplían los criterios de selección y se identificaron 7 herramientas (PYMS, iPYMS, PeDiSMART, PNR, STAMP, PMST y STRONGkids). Según los lineamientos de la Sociedad Europea de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo, la PYMS, la iPYMS y la STRONGkids evalúan simultáneamente variables pronósticas como estado nutricional actual, estabilidad, progresión esperada e influencia de la enfermedad. En cuanto a validez concurrente, el análisis de datos muestra que la PYMS, la iPYMS y la PMST tienen sensibilidades >85% y que la PYMS tiene especificidad >85%. Respecto a reproducibilidad, la PEDISMART, la STRONGkids, la STAMP y la PYMS tienen una concordancia inter-observadores aceptable (k>0.41).Conclusión. Según la evidencia analizada en términos de variables pronósticas, validez concurrente y reproducibilidad, se sugiere el empleo en la práctica clínica de la herramienta PYMS, mientras que para el uso de la STAMP y la iPYMS las instituciones deben evaluar su aplicabilidad.
Evidencia sobre conflictos de intereses en medicina
Authors: González-Mariño Mario Arturo
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La principal responsabilidad de los médicos es la de actuar en beneficio de los pacientes; sin embargo, existen situaciones en las cuales surgen intereses secundarios que pueden afectar este compromiso y generar conflictos de intereses.Objetivo. Analizar las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis actualmente disponibles en la literatura sobre el conflicto de intereses en medicina para sintetizar la información al respecto.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE y LILACS mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis sobre conflictos de intereses en medicina publicados en revistas científicas seriadas; no se aplicaron restricciones de idioma o año de publicación. Los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión fueron agrupados según la actividad médica evaluada; además, de cada uno de ellos se extrajo la cantidad y el tipo de estudios y las conclusiones.Resultados. Se seleccionaron 29 publicaciones que se agruparon en estudios basados en artículos de investigación, en guías de práctica clínica, en la práctica clínica, y en publicaciones orientadas a los pacientes.Conclusiones. Los estudios originales incluidos en las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis analizados en el presente estudio no siempre reportan los conflictos de intereses; sin embargo, cuando estos se mencionan, hay una tendencia a presentar resultados que favorecen el medicamento o la tecnología del patrocinador.
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: usos terapéuticos y propiedades fitoquímicas. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bautista-Robles Verónica , Guerrero-Reyes Gabriel , Sánchez-Torres Gabriel Isaac , Parada-Luna Felipe de Jesús , Barrios-Gutiérrez Juan José , Vázquez-Cerero Dehuí , Martínez-Sala Gudelia , Siliceo-Murrieta José Isaías , Gonzalez-Villoria Ruth Ana María , Keita Hady
Published: April 2020

Introducción. El uso tradicional de plantas medicinales para tratar diferentes enfermedades, ya sean infecciosas o no, es ampliamente aceptado debido a su bajo costo y sus bajos índices de toxicidad. Estas plantas son frecuentemente usadas en casos que involucran irritaciones de la piel, heridas superficiales, picaduras de insectos y mordeduras de víboras.Objetivo. Recopilar la información disponible sobre los principales usos terapéuticos y los componentes fitoquímicos de Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, una planta conocida popularmente como chaya y que crece en regiones tropicales de México y Centroamérica.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre C. aconitifolius publicada hasta 2017 en las bases de datos BIREME, PubMed/Medline, Elsevier y SciELO. Para la búsqueda se emplearon los descriptores “Cnidoscolus” y “aconitifoloius”, y no se aplicaron filtros de idioma.Resultados. Se identificaron 82 artículos luego de completar la búsqueda inicial. Después de filtrar los estudios por título (presencia de descriptores de búsqueda en el título) y remover duplicados, se incluyeron 18 artículos en la revisión. De acuerdo a la información encontrada, fue posible confirmar que esta planta ofrece diversos beneficios para la salud.Conclusiones. El uso terapéutico tradicional de la chaya está sustentado por evidencia científica, por lo que se sugiere realizar más investigaciones centradas en la identificación de nuevas propiedades fitoquímicas de esta planta y, así, establecer alternativas terapéuticas para distintas afecciones.
Uso de metformina y un inhibidor de SGLT2 en el manejo de lipodistrofia congénita generalizada. Reporte de caso
Authors: González-Clavijo Angélica María , Fierro-Maya Luis Felipe , Muñoz-Loaiza Juan David , Perilla-Roa Daniel , Pérez-Moreno Esteban Javier , Guzmán-Rojas Jennifer Daniela , Herrera-Cardona Juan Esteban
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La lipodistrofia congénita generalizada (LCG) es un síndrome genético autosómico recesivo extremadamente raro que se caracteriza por ausencia generalizada de tejido adiposo, deficiencia en la producción de hormonas como la leptina y complicaciones metabólicas potencialmente serias como diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), esteatohepatitis e hipertrigliceridemia.Presentación del caso. Paciente femenina de 17 años con un diagnóstico tardío de LCG y con diabetes mellitus (erróneamente clasificada como tipo I), hipertrigliceridemia severa e infecciones a repetición. Luego de introducir metformina y un inhibidor del SGLT2 en el manejo de la paciente, se logró un adecuado control metabólico.Conclusión. Con frecuencia, el desconocimiento de algunas enfermedades huérfanas lleva a diagnósticos erróneos y, por tanto, a tratamientos inadecuados que en algunos casos pueden empeorar la condición clínica de los pacientes. Por lo anterior, en el caso de la LCG, es necesario que la comunidad médica tenga una mejor comprensión de sus aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para brindar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.
Delirio en niños críticamente enfermos
Authors: Acosta-Murillo Nancy Rocío
Published: April 2020

El delirio en pacientes críticos es una condición médica que afecta tanto a adultos como a niños; en ambas poblaciones implica graves complicaciones como estancia hospitalaria prolongada, alto riesgo de muerte y deterioro cognitivo a largo plazo, así como mayores costos económicos en cuanto a la prestación de servicios de salud. La principal dificultad de esta condición en la población pediátrica es su adecuado reconocimiento, ya que puede presentarse en edades muy tempranas, incluso en niños lactantes, cuando sus signos y síntomas pueden confundirse o superponerse con otras patologías, tales como el síndrome de abstinencia. En consecuencia, en estos casos el uso de herramientas diagnósticas puede ser una labor compleja que implica múltiples dificultades.Antes de 2011 no había muchos estudios que abordaran la evaluación del delirio en niños. Sin embargo, ese mismo año se estableció la primera escala desarrollada específicamente para el monitoreo de pacientes en unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico, lo que llevó a un aumento significativos del número de casos de delirio en niños menores de 5 años críticamente enfermos; esta situación hizo que los pediatras se interesaran más en estudiar esta importante patología.La presente reflexión, basada en una revisión de la literatura, busca actualizar el amplio espectro fisiopatológico del delirio en niños críticamente enfermos y, de esta forma, mejorar su tamizaje, diagnóstico e intervenciones terapéuticas tempranas en todas las edades pediátricas, incluso en menores de 5 años.
Relación entre nivel de condición física y percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes del sureste español
Authors: Nieto-López Laura , García-Cantó Eliseo , Rosa-Guillamón Andrés
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La condición física relacionada con la salud (CFS) es considerada como uno de los factores que determinan el concepto de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVS).Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el nivel de CFS y la percepción de la CVS en adolescentes españoles.Materiales y métodos. Estudio multicéntrico realizado en una población de 1 037 adolescentes (15.52±1.11 años) del sureste de España (Región de Murcia). La CFS y la CVS se evaluaron mediante la batería COFISA y el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36, respectivamente.Resultados. La prueba MANOVA mostró que los varones tuvieron un mejor rendimiento físico global (p<0.001). Respecto a la CVS, las mujeres tuvieron una mejor percepción en la dimensión salud general (p=0.011), mientras que la percepción de los varones fue mejor en las dimensiones rol emocional (p=0.010) y salud mental (p<0.001). Los adolescentes con mayor nivel CFS tuvieron valores superiores en la percepción global de la CVS (p<0.001 en todas las variables).Conclusión. La asociación entre niveles altos de CFS y puntajes superiores de percepción de la CVS hace necesario establecer estrategias y acciones que busquen aumentar los niveles de participación de los jóvenes en actividades físicas y deportivas.
The antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance mechanisms and phylogenetic structure of S. Typhi isolated in 2005-2018 in the Russian Federation
Authors: Egorova S. A. , Kuleshov K. V. , Kaftyreva L. A. , Matveeva Zoya N.
Published: April 2020

Here we present current global epidemiological and microbiological trends for typhoid fever, as well as describe antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of S. Typhi. The data on examining 299 S. Typhi isolates collected in 2005—2018 in the Russian Federation were analyzed from the Russian S. Typhi Reference Center. It was found that S. Typhi population consisted of the isolates with different resistance phenotypes and mechanisms as well as genetic heterogeneity. Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility was detected in as low as 10.4% S. Typhi strains, whereas 89.6% isolates showed fluoroquinolone resistance (including 7.3% high-level resistance) and 3.0% — multidrug resistance to am-picillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. All strains preserved susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin. Fluoroquinolone low-level resistance in S. Typhi was due to single nucleotide substitutions in the gyrA: Asp87Asn (78.7%) Ser83Tyr (5.0%) and Ser83Phe (3.2%). In addition, a plasmid-mediated low-level fluoroquinolone resistance (qnrS) was found in one isolate. In contrast, a fluoroquinolone high-level resistance in S. Typhi was due to accumulation of three single nucleotide substitutions in the genes gyrA (Asp87Asn+Ser83Phe) andparC (Ser80Ile). In multidrug resistant S. Typhi isolates, pHCMl plasmids of incompatibility group IncHI1B(R27) (consisted of blaTEM.1, catA1, dfrA7 and tetB) and single nucleotide substitutions Ser83Tyr or Asp87Asn in gene gyrA were detected. The data of phylogenetic reconstruction based on the analysis of core singlenucleotide variations among examined and previously sequenced S. Typhi genomes, demonstrated that more than 80.0% of S. Typhi isolated in Russia were referred to the Asian genotype as they belonged to subclade 4.3.1 (by Wong et al.) or dominant H58 clade (H58 haplotype by Roumagnac et al.). More than 60.0% isolates in this dominant phylogenetic group possessed a fluoroquinolone low-level resistance due to gyrA Asp87Asn. Less than 20.0% of S. Typhi strains isolated in Russia phylogenetically belonged to the subclades other than 4.3.1 (non-H58) and differed from the major S. Typhi population by lacked antibiotic resistance or exerted fluoroquinolone resistance due to gyrA Ser83Phe. The study data allowed to expand our understanding on genetic diversity in S. Typhi strains isolated recently and pinpoint features of phylogenetic structure for S. Typhi population in the Russian Federation.
Examining Echinococcus multilocularis infection in some Midland Russia predatory animal species
Authors: Andreyanov O. N.
Published: April 2020

Commercially exploited predator animal species are considered as a final host for multiple biohelminths posing a threat both to human and other animals. Fight against pathogens of dangerous helminthozoonoses should be based on combining efforts of scientific and practical centers, various state departments, executive authorities, law enforcement authorities as well as country residents. Examining parasitic fauna in commercially exploited predator animals is of special priority in the Midland Russia with high population density, wherein people have been engaged in hunting closely contacting both with fur animals as well as domestic pets (dogs, cats). Alveococcosis is a natural focal disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. The study was aimed at examining dynamics of E. multilocularis recording in the Midland Russia commercially exploited predator animals. 2007—2018 Cestode spread was examined. A research material for (corpses, carcasses, body and tissue fragments) was obtained hunting reserves located in the Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Tver, Oryol and Bryansk regions of the Midland Russia as well as the Republic of Karelia. Complete or partial helminthological autopsy carried out in accordance with K.I. Scriabin technique (1928) was performed in 262 animals, including 193 common red foxes, 28 domestic and 16 raccoon dogs, 16 domestic cats, 6 wolves, 2 brown bears and one lynx. It was shown that cestodes E. multilocularis was found in 46 foxes (23.8%), 3 raccoon dogs (18.7%), 3 wolves (50%) and one domestic dog (3.6%). Moreover, the peak tapeworm prevalence in carnivorous animals was noted for foxes and raccoon dogs in 2010—2011 (42.4%), 2011— 2012 (37.1%) and 2012—2013 (42.1%). On the other hand, no tapeworm invasion in carnivores was noted during 2009—2010 and 2013—2014 sports hunting seasons. However, a causative agent of alveococcosis is routinely detected in the Ryazan and Vladimir regions. The prevalence of invasion in animals differs in foxes, raccoon dogs, wolves ranging from 12 to 40,000, in raccoon dogs — from 37 to 112, in wolves — from 12 to 318 tapeworms per animal, and in domestic dog reaching 19 worms per animal. The data of 2007—2018 personal studies point at spread of alveococcosis foci in the Midland Russia.
Psychosomatic relationships in patients with hypertension
Authors: Larionov Р. М.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the psychological and somatic factors associated with hypertension (HTN) and the characteristics of psychovegetative relationships in HTN from the perspective of a systemic concept of mental adaptation and maladaptation. Emotional and personality traits of individuals with HTN (behavior, anxiety, alexithymia, neurotic traits and cognitive emotion regulation) were identified and their change under the disease effect was noted. Some aspects of adaptation to the disease, adherence to treatment and changes of life quality in people with HTN are noted. Research data were critically analyzed and new lines of searching for psychosomatic factors associated with HTN were suggested. It was proposed to shift the focus from an isolated study of personality traits, and focus on the study of psychovegetative relationships in HTN, in particular, the relationship of emotion regulation (ER) with the cardiovascular response to stress. Due to the association of ER with blood pressure changes and the opportunity to improve ER through psychological aid, and therefore, treat HTN, this approach deserves further consideration as a part of cooperation between medical workers and psychologists.
Clinical outcomes in hypertension patients after coronary stenting due to exertional angina
Authors: Akhtereyev R. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Baleeva L. V. , Galeeva Z. M.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study clinical outcomes in hypertension patients after coronary stenting due to exertional angina.

Material and methods. The study included 214 patients with class 3 stable angina and hypertension. All patients underwent coronary angiography followed by elective stenting. Clinical outcomes were assessed on average after 44 months of outpatient follow-up.

Results. During the follow-up period, 43% of patients retained class III angina; the decrease in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 18and 14-mm Hg, respectively. There were 35 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) in this category of subjects. We revealed that 57% of patients had a progression of angina: from class III to class IV; the decrease in SBP and DBP was 10and 18-mm Hg, respectively. There were 110 cases of MI and 10 cases of acute cerebrovascular accident in these patients.

Conclusion. Inadequate control of SBP in patients after stenting due to stable exertional angina leads to a greater number of complications, mainly myocardial infarction.
A study on special education workers’ perceptions about the establishment of individualized education plan using the ‘NEIS IEP’
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Jeong Jooyoung , Yi Seunghoon , Heo Jeongwon
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness and needs of special education workers in regard to the NEIS(National Education Information System) IEP and what considerations and improvements would enable its proper use in special schools and classes. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionnaires targeting 3,001 individuals from among education office staff, NEIS teachers, special-school teachers, and special-class teachers. The contents of the questionnaire comprised: the necessity of making an IEP using NEIS, the degree of use of the NEIS IEP, advantages and disadvantages of the NEIS IEP, reasons for not using the NEIS IEP, the improvement plan, the establishment of relationship between IEP and SLR(School Life Records) using NEIS. The results of this study show that, first, education office staff, NEIS teachers, special-school teachers, and special-class teachers have different perceptions of the necessity of, degree of use of, and improvement plans of NEIS IEP, and reasons for not using the NEIS IEP as well as of the establishment of relationship between IEP and SLR using NEIS. NEIS and special-class teachers pointed out more often that it is more appropriate to use the NEIS IEP selectively, as compared to the special-school teachers and education office staff. Special-school teachers reported a higher degree of NEIS IEP use than did special-class teachers; special-class teachers were relatively inexperienced in using the NEIS IEP. Second, awareness of the NEIS IEP among special education teachers in special schools was not significantly different according to school level(kindergarten, elementary, middle or high school). Third, awareness of the NEIS IEP among special teachers in special classes showed a significant difference in the response result according to school level. In particular, the degree of NEIS IEP use by kindergarten teachers was low, and problems related to curriculum connectivity were prominent among middle and high school teachers. The demand for strengthening the connectivity between the curriculum and the NEIS IEP system was high in elementary, middle and high school teachers. Based on these findings, the study includes suggestions for how the NEIS IEP may be used as an appropriate tool in the field of special education.
The Effect of Grade-wide Positive Behavior Support on Class Participation Behavior of Elementary School Students with intellectual disabilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Jeong Juyeon , Hwang Soonyoung
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of grade-wide positive behavior support on the in-class participation behavior of elementary school students with intellectual disabilities. For this purpose, grade-wide positive behavior support was provided for third grade students, including two students with intellectual disabilities, in elementary school “S”. Grade-wide positive behavior support interventions were provided to all students, with universal support for all third-grade students, small group support for some, and individual support for two students with intellectual disabilities. A research hypothesis was established for the two intellectually disabled students based on their direct and indirect functional assessments as well as surveys and interviews of the parents and students. A plan for mediating medium and large elements of each student’s behavior was then established and applied. The class participation behavior of two students with intellectual disabilities was defined as class preparation behavior, task performing behavior, and attention-focused behavior. Measurements of class-participating behavior used a multiple probe designs across behaviors and proceeded to the baseline, intervention, and maintenance. The results of this study are as follows. The grade-wide positive behavior support clearly improved the class participation behavior of two elementary school students with intellectual disabilities (as measured by class preparation behavior, task performance behavior, and attention-focused behavior). When each behavior was considered in terms of averages, trend lines, non-overlapping ratios, and immediacy, a positive effect was shown for all class participation behaviors and the average of class participation behavior increased as well. Positive effects were also observed in the maintenance phase. Based on these results, it can be concluded that grade-wide positive behavior support is an effective intervention for improving the class participation behavior of elementary school students with intellectual disabilities.
The Effects of the Support Program for Instruction of Self-Determination at Home on Self-Determination and Goal-Attainment of Students with Developmental Disabilities, and Their Parents’ Stressand Parenting Efficacy
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Lee Suk-Hyang , Song Myoung-Suk , An Hye-Sin , Jung Jung-Eun
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Support Program for Instruction of Self-Determination at Home on the self-determination and goal-attainment of students with developmental disabilities and their parents’ stress and parenting efficacy. For this purpose, 28 pairs of elementary school students with developmental disabilities (5th-6th graders) and their parents participated in this study (14 pairs in the experimental and control groups, respectively). After the Support Program for Instruction of Self-Determination at Home was implemented for the participants in the experimental group, the effects of the program were analyzed to see if there were any differences between the two groups and if the intervention effects in the experimental group were maintained for five months after the program was terminated. The results were as follows: First, the program had statistically positive effects on self-determination of students, as rated by their parents, and the effects were maintained for five months, while self-determination as rated by the students was not statistically significant. However, 93% of the students in the experimental group met their goals at a higher than expected level. Second, the parents’ stress levels decreased and their parenting efficacy increased. However, the changes were not statistically significant and were maintained for only five months. Finally, we discuss the implications and limitations of this study.
Enhanced solar desalination units
Authors: Tayeb Aghareed M. , Farouq Rania , Shehata Amal Z. , Othman Reham H.
Published: April 2020

The vast majority of water on the Earth's surface, over 96%, is saline water present in the oceans. In some areas there is not sufficient fresh water to provide people the water they need. Thus, there is a need to desalinate salt water. The basin-type solar still is known to be the most simple and economic method for water desalination. This study investigates how to enhance the productivity of the basin-type solar still. Basin-type solar stills with a basin area of 1 m2 are used in the study. Two means are used for enhancing its productivity: integrating the solar still to a solar water heater (SWH) to preheat the feed water to the still, and using some metals as energy storage media. A maximum hourly productivity of 400 and 900 ml were recorded for stills without and with SWH, respectively. Copper filings (CF), iron filings (IF) and iron swarf are used as energy storage materials. An increase of 36.2% in still productivity is noticed when adding 1 kg of CF to the still. Comparing copper with iron, it is noticed that the productivity of the CF still is 34.1% higher than that of the IF still.
Una experiencia educativa desde la innovación docente universitaria a la intervención social penitenciaria
Authors: Sánchez Miranda María del Carmen
Published: April 2020

El presente texto recoge la experiencia de innovación educativa a partir de una iniciativa de formación cooperativa y con aprendizaje basado en proyectos tutorizados, originada en el seno de la asignatura Antropología Urbana del Grado en Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Jaén, motivada por los intereses del alumnado y resultado de una profunda y madurada colaboración con un grupo de profesionales del Centro Penitenciario de Jaén.A raíz de uno de los ejes temáticos de la asignatura, los estudiantes demandaron una experiencia formativa teórico-práctica paralela y complementaria a sus estudios, que integrara elementos de la realidad cotidiana del ámbito penitenciario: un espacio en el que gran parte de los egresados de esta disciplina podrán desempeñar su labor como profesionales de la acción social.El ejercicio del Trabajo Social se configura como una especialidad que necesariamente ha de vincular la teoría con los requerimientos prácticos para su intervención con colectivos específicos de atención, cuanto más, en un sector tan especializado como las prisiones, cuyas características establecen una propia y particular cultura.
La Caja-Tambora Montuvia
Authors: Macías Ferrin Luis Andrés
Published: April 2020

La caja tambora es un instrumento musical vernáculo de percusión, que surge de la necesidad de crear nuevas memorias culturales ligadas a una tendencia contemporánea moderna basadas en la musicalización de la tradición oral montuvia.  Este instrumento está elaborado de maderas populares del campo manabita así mismo tiene incrustaciones de bambú. Su estructura es octagonal debido a la riqueza acústica que permite ese diseño y a la representación literaria octosílaba en la composición del amorfino, asumiendo así una identidad e imagen representativa. La sonoridad del instrumento es muy orgánica y conjuntamente con la ejecución del percusionista recrea sonidos agudos por su lado izquierdo y graves-medios por su lado derecho con un orificio de desfogue de sonido en la parte superior. Llevar la célula rítmica adoptada por los montubios para el género musical amorfino es la función de este instrumento dentro de esta cultura musical de la costa ecuatoriana.
En la cuerda floja
Authors: Martos Lozano Pablo
Published: April 2020

Este artículo versa sobre la importancia de la elección de las cuerdas del violín para interpretar la música de Nicolò Paganini bajo criterios históricamente informados. Se visitan la fuentes principales bibliográficas de construcción de cuerdas históricas y se realiza una comparativa entre arcos y entre cuerdas históricas y otras de un uso actual más extendido.
Orthopaedic sequelae of meningococcemia in children: options for the correction of lower and upper limb deformities (preliminary message)
Authors: Garkavenko Yuriy E. , Khodorovskaya Alina M. , Dolgiev Bahauddin H. , Melchenko Evgeny V.
Published: April 2020

Background. Мeningococcal infection with damage to various organs and systems, including the musculoskeletal system, causes growth plate dysfunction, which usually leads to the formation of orthopedic consequences, including axis deviation and/or limb length discrepancy.
Aim. This study aimed to analyze the features of limb deformities and methods for their correction in children with consequences of meningococcemia.
Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis was performed on patients with consequences of meningococcemia who were examined and surgically treated in the clinic between 2012 and 2018. A total of 12 patients (six boys and six girls) were included, with an age range of 215 years. The examination included clinical, X-ray, and physiological methods. Treatment methods consisted of a combination of angular deformity correction and limb lengthening.
Results. In 12 patients, 76 growth plate arrests of long bones were found. Most frequently (17.1%), growth plate arrests of the distal femur and proximal tibia were observed, which resulted in limb shortening and/or axis deviation. For restoration of limb alignment in 10 (83.3%) patients, transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis was performed. For limb deformity correction, guided growth technique was applied by using eight-plate for temporary epiphysiodesis of active functioning part of the growth plate in four (33.3%) patients, whereas partial growth plate arrest resection with following epiphysiodesis was achieved in two (16.6%).
Conclusions. Meningococcal septicemia leads to long bone growth plate dysfunction. The main complaints in this patient are limb shortening and their deformity. Along with the transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis technique, using the guided growth method by carrying out temporary epiphysiodesis of the remaining functioning part of the growth plate of damaged bone was appropriate.
OTEL TERCİHLERİ KAPSAMINDA FİYAT ALGISI BİLEŞENLERİNİN İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KOÇOĞLU Cenk Murat , ÇİMEN YURT Burcu
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırma, otel tercihlerinde fiyat
algılamasının boyutlarının rolünü ortaya koymak üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve veri
toplama yöntemi olarak anket tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamını
Karabük ilinde görevli kamu çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma
bulgularına göre, Karabük ilinde görevli kamu çalışanları, otel tercihlerinde
ödedikleri paranın karşılığını almanın yanında harcadıkları para ile aldıkları
hizmet arasında bir kıyaslama gerçekleştirdiği, ayrıca yüksek fiyatlı
bir oteli tercih ettiklerinde fiyatı bir prestij
göstergesi olarak algılamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın hipotezlerine
yönelik sonuçlara göre, fiyat-kalite
ilişkisi ile hem prestij duyarlılığı hem de değer bilinci arasında pozitif ve
anlamlı bir ilişki varken, fiyat bilinci ile anlamsız bir ilişki olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Diğer yandan prestij duyarlılığı ile değer bilinci arasında zayıf
negatif ve anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak fiyat bilinci ile
değer bilinci arasında ise pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara
göre otel müşterilerinin fiyat algısı değişkenlerine özellikle önem vermesi
gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING BERDASARKAN ASPEK KOGNITIF DAN AFEKTIF SISWA SMP PADA GAME PEMBELAJARAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG API
Authors: Alfarisi Muhammad Firyal
Published: April 2020

Bencana alam banyak sekali terjadi di Indonesia, salah satu bencana alam yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah bencana gunung api. Dalam menghadapi bencana gunung api tersebut, para siswa sangat memerlukan pengetahuan tentang mitigasi bencana gunung api dari aspek kognitif dan afektif. Berdasarakan pentingnya pemahaman tentang mitigasi bencana gunung api, digunakanlah game dalam mengukur tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap mitigasi bencana gunung api. Serta dilakukan pengelompokkan hasil dari siswa memainkan game mitigasi bencana gunung api menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering yang terdiri dari 4 cluster dengan keterangan kurang, cukup, baik, dan sangat baik. K-Means Clustering merupakan suatu metode pengelompokkan data dengan k sebagai centroid. Dengan mengambil data sebanyak 32 siswa pada SMP Negeri 2 Tanjung Redeb, Berau, Kalimantan Timur siswa diminta untuk menjawab beberapa soal terkait aspek kognitif dan afektif sebanyak 3 kali percobaan. Berdasarkan hasil dari siswa menjawab soal didapatkan nilai – nilai yang akan dikelompokkan menggunakan K-Means Clustering. Dari hasil pengelompokkan terhadap 32 data siswa, didapatkan nilai kognitif (koordinat x) dan afektif (koordinat y) dengan 4 titik centroid pada tiap masing – masing cluster. Didapatkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering bahwa pada kluster pertama dengan keterangan kurang terdapat 4 siswa, kluster kedua dengan keterangan cukup terdapat 14 siswa, kluster ketiga dengan keterangan baik terdapat 6 siswa, dan kluster keempat dengan keterangan sangat baik terdapat 8 siswa. Parameter penilaian terhadap siswa didapatkan dari panduan kurikulum 2013 oleh guru – guru SMP Negeri 2 Tanjung Redeb, Berau, Kalimantan Timur.
Analisis Sentimen Pada Media Sosial Twitter Terhadap Tokoh Publik Peserta Pilpres 2019
Authors: Cahyani Rafika Rafika , Cahyani Rafiqa
Published: April 2020

Di Indonesia twitter menjadi salah satu situs microblogging yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat. Masyarakat sudah terbiasa dalam menyampaikan pendapat atau opininya dalam media sosial termasuk dalam twitter, hal ini digunakan dalam menanggapi suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di lingkungan mereka.  Pada penelitian ini dilakakan berbagai proses yaitu crawling data dari twitter, pre prosesing data teks, Naïve Bayes Classifier untuk probabilitas teks terhadap sentimen, dan Simple Wighted Product Model untuk perangkingan sentimen. Dari hasil percobaan tersebut dapat diperoleh hasil akurasi terbaik yaitu menggunakan proporsi ketiga dengan pengambilan data secara acak dengan mendapatkan nilai rata rata akurasi sebesar 99,75%. Sedangkan untuk perangkingan sentimen terhadap masing masing tokoh publik dapat di ketahui yang memperoleh peringkat pertama yaitu  KH Ma’ruf Amin ,  yang kedua yaitu  Sandiaga Salahudin Uno, yang ketiga yaitu  Joko Widodo, dan yang terakhir yaitu  Prabowo Subianto
O retrocesso no combate da LGBTfobia no Brasil
Authors: Gonzaga Taynan Matheus Sousa , Gallas Ana Kelma Cunha
Published: April 2020

A escola é um dos  espaços onde a população LGBT sofre preconceito e isso continua sendo reforçado pelos profissionais desse ambiente e pela falta de preparo dos mesmos para lidarem com essa problemática  Este trabalho se caracteriza como uma pesquisa qualitativa, adotando-se como metodologia a revisão da literatura. Este trabalho se configura como uma pesquisa qualitativa,  onde procuramos discutir o processo de preconceito e exclusão desses alunos e qual o motivo que gera a evasão dos mesmos da escola. O presente artigo concluiu que ainda há muito a ser superado pelo sistema educacional para que as políticas públicas de gênero e sexualidade sejam efetivadas.
O homem racional Versus o homem intuitivo
Authors: Silva Fernando Xavier
Published: April 2020

Trata-se de uma resenha das obras Sobrinho de Rameau de Denis Diderot (1713-1784), Sobre a Verdade e Mentira no sentido Extra-Moral de Friedrich Nietzsche (1873) e A construção das ciências: introdução à filosofia e á ética das ciências de Gerárd Fourez (1995). Os textos foram lidos com base nas seguintes questões: Quais são as bases de sustentação do conhecimento?; O que é a verdade e se é possível alcançá-la de forma objetiva; O que é a ciência e o que ela representa na busca pela verdade e o conhecimento? e Quais as possibilidades da linguagem na busca pelo conhecimento? Concluiu-se que  o que Diderot  caracteriza como idiotismo aparenta-se com os valores morais seguidos pelo instinto de rebanho nos indivíduos de Nietzsche. Para Fourez observar é sempre representar e na representação nunca se obtém do objeto sua verdadeira essência. Desconstruir conceitos, apreender o aspecto fluido e mutável das coisas e dos valores, seria essa a linha mestra dos textos tratados neste trabalho.
Editorial
Authors: Sanchez Gamboa Silvio
Published: April 2020

Editorial do v.11, n, 2 de 2019.

Apresentação dos nove (9) trabalhos selecionados, compondo as seção de numero temático (3), artigos de fluxo contínuo (4) , formação filosófica (1)  e resenhas (1). Agradecimentos aos pesquisadores que participaram na edição como avaliadores, revisores e coordenadores da edição.
A New Spacetime Symmetry
Authors: Fredericks Keith A.
Published: April 2020

Based on detection of elliptic particle tracks, $\simeq 137^2 n^2$ bigger than Bohr-Sommerfeld electron orbits, indicating the possible detection of superluminal electrons masquerading as magnetic monopoles, a new structure emerges leading to: (i) a new set of seven elementary lengths; (ii) replacement of the usual motion (Lorentz) transformations by scale transformations between $v^2c^2$ frames; (iii) equivalence of charge between $v^2c^2$ frames based on the Dirac-Schwinger quantization condition; (iv) a relativistic foundation for the Dirac-Schwinger quantization condition; (v) a possible cause of charge quantization; and (vi) the prospect of symmetry in Maxwell's equations. If the elliptic particle tracks are viewed as a magnification of electron orbits, the effect is suggestive of a spacetime distortion such as those predicted in general relativistic theories.
Computational Screening of Molecules Approved in Phase-I Clinical Trials to Identify 3CL Protease Inhibitors to Treat COVID-19
Authors: Sahu Kamlesh , Tuszynski Jack , Houghton Michael , Tyrrell Lorne , Noskov Sergei
Published: April 2020

Ligand and structure based virtual screening approaches were applied to clinical stage drugs as well as those approved for human use in an attempt to repurpose drugs for potential use against COVID-19. This approach involved ligand-based shape similarity searches, structure-based docking and pharmacophore searches with the help of pharmacophore queries derived from available ligands and receptor structures. Several compounds appeared as hits in pharmacophore and shape similarity searches and those docking to the SARS-CoV-2 viral 3CL protease were then ranked on the basis of docking scores.
Wildfire Smoke Detection Based on Depthwise Separable Convolutions and Target-Awareness
Authors: Zhao Yunji , zhang Haibo , Zhang Xinliang , Qian Wei
Published: April 2020

Since smoke usually occurs before a flame arises, fire smoke detection is especially significant for early warning systems. In this paper, a DSATA(Depthwise Separability And Target Awareness) algorithm based on depthwise separability and target awareness is proposed. Existing deep learning methods with convolutional neural networks pretrained by abundant and vast datasets are always used to realize generic object recognition tasks. In the area of smoke detection, collecting large quantities of smoke data is a challenging task for small sample smoke objects. The basis is that the objects of interest can be arbitrary object classes with arbitrary forms. Thus, deep feature maps acquired by target-aware pretrained networks are used in modelling these objects of arbitrary forms to distinguish them from unpredictable and complex environments. In this paper, this scheme is introduced to deal with smoke detection. The depthwise separable method with a fixed convolution kernel replacing the training iterations can improve the speed of the algorithm to meet the enhanced requirements of real-time fire spreading for detecting speed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can detect early smoke, is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and speed, and can also realize real-time smoke detection.
Health Monitoring of Chain Sprocket Drive System based on IoT Device and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: lee sang kwon , Back jiseon , An Kanghyun , Kim Sunwon , Lee Changho , Kim Pungil
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a health monitoring method for the early detection of defects in a chain sprocket drive (CSD) system and classification of fault types before a catastrophic failure occurs. In the operation of a CSD system, the early detection of defects is very useful to prevent system failure. Specially, if the type of defect is known, it will be easy to find a method to fix it. In this work, eight fault types in the components of the CSD system, such as the gear tooth, bearings, and shaft of the drive motor, were arbitrarily made and assembled. To detect the fault signals during the CSD system operation, the vibration is measured by an Internet of Things (IoT) device, which features a wireless MEMS accelerometer, Bluetooth function, Wi-Fi function, and battery. The IoT device is mounted on the gearbox housing. The measured one-dimensional vibration time-series is transformed into time-scale images by continuous wavelet transform (CWT). A convolution neural network (CNN) is employed to extract deep features embedded in the images, which are closely related to fault types. To update the learning parameters of the CNN, the RMSprop learning algorithm is applied, and the CNN is trained using 500 image samples. Multiple classification performance of the trained network is tested using 100 image samples. Feature maps for different fault types are obtained from the final convolution layer of the CNN. For the visualization of fault types, t-stochastic neighbor embedding is employed and applied to the feature maps to convert high-dimensional data into two-dimensional data. Two-dimensional features enabled excellent classification of the eight fault types and one normal type.
Oligodendrocytes Remodel the Genomic Fabrics of Functional Pathways in Astrocytes
Authors: Iacobas Dumitru , Iacobas Sanda , Stout Randy , Spray David
Published: April 2020

We profiled the transcriptomes of primary mouse cortical astrocytes cultured alone or co-cultured with immortalized precursor oligodendrocytes. The experimental set-up (insert systems) prevented formation of gap junction channels but allowed free exchange of the two culture media. The study complements our previously published reports that the genomic fabrics of major functional pathways in oligodendrocytes are substantially remodeled by the proximity of non-touching astrocytes. Here, we present new analysis indicating that the transcriptomic landscape of astrocytes likewise changes significantly in the proximity of non-touching oligodendrocytes. The research was stimulated by the reported transcriptomic similarity between the brains of Cx43KO and Cx32KO mice, both substantially different from that of the Cx36KO mice. Since the three connexins are expressed in different cell types (Cx43 in astrocytes, Cx32 in oligodendrocytes and Cx36 in neurons), altogether these findings support the idea of a “panglial transcriptomic syncytium” in the mouse brain. Going further, our results suggest that integration in a heterocellular tissue modulates not only the expression profile but also the expression control and networking of the genes in each cell phenotype.
Distributed Manufacturing of Open-Source Medical Hardware for Pandemics
Authors: Pearce Joshua
Published: April 2020

Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art for open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have had some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies that make the open source device possible are freely available. The results show there is still considerable work needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical hardware needed during pandemics. Five core areas of future work are discussed that include: i) technical development of a wide-range of open source solutions for all medical supplies and devices, ii) policies that protect the productivity of laboratories, makerspaces and fabrication facilities during a pandemic, as well as iii) streamlining the regulatory process, iv) developing Good-Samaritan laws to protect makers and designers of open medical hardware, as well as to compel those with knowledge that will save lives to share it, and v) requiring all citizen-funded research to be released with free and open source licenses.
Immunoregulation with mTOR Inhibitors to Prevent COVID-19 Severity: A Novel Intervention Strategy beyond Vaccines and Specific Antiviral Medicines
Authors: Zheng Yunfeng , Li Renfeng , Liu Shunai
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 has become a severe global public health concern. The critical illness has a mortality rate of 61.5%, and thus, reducing the severity and mortality is top priority. Currently, inflammatory storms are considered as the cause of critical illness and death due to COVID-19. However, After systematical review of the literature, we proposed that cross-reactive antibodies-associated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may actually be the cause of cytokine storms. If the activation of memory B cells can be selectively inhibited in high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19 to reduce the production of cross-reactive antibodies of the virus, we speculate that the ADE can be avoided and severe symptoms can be prevented. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors satisfy such conditions. We recommend that pharmaceutical companies conduct clinical trials urgently.
Good in The Worst: COVID-19 Restrictions and Ease in Global Air Pollution
Authors: Anjum Naser A.
Published: April 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a zoonotic coronavirus and crosses species to infect human populations, where an efficient transmission of virus occurs human-to-human. Nationwide lockdown is being adopted to stop public transport, keep people at their homes and out of their work, and maintain social distancing. In turn, large geographic areas in the world (including China, Italy, Spain, and USA) has been almost halted. This temporary halt is significantly slashing down the air pollution (air pollutants and warming gases) in most cities across the world. This paper: (i) introduces both COVID-19 and air pollution; (ii) overviews the relation of air pollution with respiratory/lung diseases; (iii) compiles and highlights major data appeared in media and journals reporting lowering of air pollution in major cities those have been highly impacted by the COVID-19; and also (iv) lists the way forward in the present context. Because COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic and currently far from over, strong conclusions could not be drawn with very limited data at present. The temporary slashed down global air pollution as a result of COVID-19 restrictions are expected to stimulate the researchers, policy makers and governments for the judicious use of resources; thereby minimise the global emissions, and maintain their economies once the pandemic eases. On the other, lifting of the nationwide lockdown and eventual normalisation of the temporarily halted sectors may also reverse the currently COVID-19 pandemic-led significantly slashed down global air pollution that could make the future respiratory health crisis grimmer.