bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Simple Detection of Ochratoxin A using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer on Lateral Flow Immunoassay (FRET-LFI)
Authors: Oh Hyun-Kyung , Joung Hyou-Arm , Jung Minhyuk , Lee Hohjai , Kim Min-Gon
Published: May 2019

The detection of mycotoxins is crucial because of their toxicity in plants, animals, and humans. It is very important to determine whether food products are contaminated with mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), as mycotoxins can survive heat treatments and hydrolysis. In this study, we designed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based system that exploits antibody-antigen binding to detect mycotoxins more rapidly and easily than other currently available methods. In addition, we were able to effectively counteract the matrix effect in the sample by using a nitrocellulose membrane that enabled fluorescence measurement in coffee samples. The developed FRET on lateral flow immunoassay (FRET-LFI) system was used to detect OTA at a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 ng∙mL−1, and the test can be completed in only 30 min. Moreover, OTA in coffee samples was successfully detected at a LOD of 0.88 ng∙mL−1, overcoming the matrix effect, owing to the chromatographic properties of the capillary force of the membrane. We believe that the developed system can be used as a powerful tool for the sensitive diagnosis of harmful substances such as mycotoxins and pesticides for environmental and food quality control monitoring.
Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses
Authors: Cieplińska Katarzyna , Gajęcka Magdalena , Dąbrowski Michał , Rykaczewska Anna , Lisieska-Żołnierczyk Sylwia , Bulińska Maria , Zielonka Łukasz , Gajęcki Maciej T.
Published: May 2019

Zearalenone is a frequent contaminant of cereals and their by-products in regions with a temperate climate. This toxic molecule is produced naturally by Fusarium fungi in crops. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low zearalenone doses (LOAEL, NOAEL and MABEL) on the intestinal microbiome of gilts on different days of exposure (days 7, 21 and 42). Intestinal contents were sampled from the duodenal cap, the third part of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and the descending colon. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg /kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3. Differences in the log values of microbial counts, mainly Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, were observed between the proximal and distal segments of the intestinal tract on different analytical dates as well as in the entire intestinal tract. Zearalenone affected the colony counts of intestinal microbiota rather than microbiome diversity, and its effect was greatest in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. Microbial colony counts were similar in groups ZEN5 and C. In the analysed mycobiome, ZEN exerted a stimulatory effect on the log values of yeast and mould counts in all intestinal segments, in particular in the colon, and the greatest increase was noted on the first analytical date.
Influence of Backside Energy Leakages from Hadronic Calorimeters on Fluctuation Measures in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Seryakov Andrey
Published: May 2019

The phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter is the main research subject for different current and future experiments in high-energy physics. System size and energy scan programs aim to find a possible critical point. One of such programs was accomplished by the fixed-target NA61/SHINE experiment in 2018. It includes six beam energies and six colliding systems: p + p, Be + Be, Ar + Sc, Xe + La, Pb + Pb and p + Pb. In this study, we discuss how the efficiency of centrality selection by forward spectators influences multiplicity and fluctuation measures and how this influence depends on the size of colliding systems. We use SHIELD and EPOS Monte-Carlo (MC) generators along with the wounded nucleon model, introduce a probability to lose a forward spectator and spectator energy loss. We show that for light colliding systems such as Be or Li even a small inefficiency in centrality selection has a dramatic impact on multiplicity scaled variance. Conversely, heavy systems such as Ar + Sc are much less prone to the effect.
Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms
Authors: Miłek Dagmara , Woźniak Aleksandra , Guzowska Magdalena , Stadejek Tomasz
Published: May 2019

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in reproductive failure, but in the last two decades many novel porcine parvoviruses were described and designated as porcine parvovirus 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6). However, their role for pig health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the on-farm prevalence of PPVs in different age groups of pigs, and to assess the diagnostic applicability of testing different diagnostic materials. In total, 271 oral fluids, 1244 serum samples, and 1238 fecal samples were collected from 3–21-week-old pigs from 19 farms, and after pooling by 4–6, tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that PPVs are widely spread in Poland and that the highest detection rates were obtained for oral fluids (ranging from 10.7% (PPV1) to 48.7% (PPV2)). Fattening pigs were the age group with the most frequent detection of PPVs (ranging from 8.6% (PPV1) to 49.1% (PPV2)). Porcine parvoviruses were detected mostly in growing-finishing pigs and the infection persisted until the late fattening period, which may suggest the chronic character of the infection (especially for PPV2, which was found to commonly infect animals of all ages). Particularly low Ct values detected for PPV2, PPV3, PPV5, and PPV6 in serum pools from some farms suggested that these viruses may cause high levels of viremia in one or more individuals included in these pools. Further studies are needed to quantify the levels of PPVs viremia and to assess the impact in co-infections with other, often endemic pig viruses, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
Co-Expression of Chicken IL-2 and IL-7 Enhances the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a VP2-Expressing DNA Vaccine against IBDV in Chickens
Authors: Huo Shanshan , Zhang Jianlou , Fan Jinghui , Wang Xing , Wu Fengyang , Zuo Yuzhu , Zhong Fei
Published: May 2019

Chicken infectious bursal disease (IBD) is still incompletely controlled worldwide. Although IBD virus (IBDV) VP2 DNA vaccine was considered a safe vaccine for IBD prevention, the immunogenicity by itself remains poor, resulting in the failure of effectively protecting chickens from infection. We and others demonstrated that chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) and chIL-7 have the capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of the VP2 DNA vaccine. However, whether chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine and thereby augment the latter’s protection efficacy remains unknown. By using chIL-2/chIL-7 bicistronic gene vector to co-immunize the chickens together with the VP2 DNA vaccine, we now show that chIL-2 and chIL-7 significantly increased IBDV VP2-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation, and IFN-γ production, resulting in the ultimate enhancement of vaccine-induced protection efficacy relative to that of chIL-2 or chIL-7 gene vectors alone. These results suggest that chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance VP2 DNA vaccine’s efficacy, thereby establishing a concrete foundation for future optimization of IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine to prevent/treat chicken IBD.
Novel Amphiphilic Cyclobutene and Cyclobutane cis-C18 Fatty Acid Derivatives Inhibit Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Growth
Authors: Zinniel Denise K. , Sittiwong Wantanee , Marshall Darrell D. , Rathnaiah Govardhan , Sakallioglu Isin T. , Powers Robert , Dussault Patrick H. , Barletta Raúl G.
Published: May 2019

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants and has been associated with Crohn’s disease in humans. An effective control of Map by either vaccines or chemoprophylaxis is a paramount need for veterinary and possibly human medicine. Given the importance of fatty acids in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and the mycobacterial cell wall, we tested novel amphiphilic C10 and C18 cyclobutene and cyclobutane fatty acid derivatives for Map inhibition. Microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with 5 or 7 week endpoints were measured in Middlebrook 7H9 base broth media. We compared the Map MIC results with those obtained previously with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Several of the C18 compounds showed moderate efficacy (MICs 392 to 824 µM) against Map, while a higher level of inhibition (MICs 6 to 82 µM) was observed for M. tuberculosis for select analogs from both the C10 and C18 groups. For most of these analogs tested in M. smegmatis, their efficacy decreased in the presence of bovine or human serum albumin. Compound 5 (OA-CB, 1-(octanoic acid-8-yl)-2-octylcyclobutene) was identified as the best chemical lead against Map, which suggests derivatives with better pharmacodynamics may be of interest for evaluation in animal models.
Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows
Authors: Hartwiger Julia , Schären Melanie , Frahm Jana , Kersten Susanne , Hüther Liane , Sauerwein Helga , Meyer Ulrich , Breves Gerhard , Dänicke Sven
Published: May 2019

In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to a full grazing ration with moderate concentrate supply influences cow’s metabolism. It has been shown that feeding moderate amounts of concentrate during fulltime grazing did not prevent energy shortage and lipomobilization, alterations in energy metabolism, decreasing milk production and loss in body weight. As diet change and energy balance are closely related to immune reactivity, in this trial the effect of transition to pasture on specific immune parameters of cows was documented. Over a 12-week trial 43 dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 22) and compared to cows fed TMR indoor (CG; n = 21). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture -based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day−1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day−1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow−1·day−1). Inflammatory markers like blood haptoglobin or tryptophan to kynurenine ratio did not indicate acute phase reaction. Proportions of CD4+ (T-helper cells) and CD8+ cells (cytotoxic T-cells) remained uninfluenced as well. White blood cell concentration and its subpopulation of granulocytes increased over time in the PG. Stimulation ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mount an oxidative burst significantly increased during the trial, too. The endogenous antioxidant state as characterized by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood of the PG did not change, whereas the vitamin E concentration reached the highest level at the end of the trial. The 25-CHO metabolites of vitamin D increased as soon as the PG had pasture access, whereas the other metabolite 25-ERG decreased. The results of this study indicate that transition to pasture affects immune related parameters. However, the consequences of the observed effects on health status of the pasture group need to be clarified in further studies with a defined concurrent immune challenge.
Methodology of development and test of the electrical rocket propulsion system for telecommunication spacecraft Yamal-200 (to the 15th anniversary of operation in space)
Authors: Bashmakov Vladimir N. , Koryakin Aleksander Aleksander I. , Kropotin Sergey A. , Popov Aleksandr N. , Sevastyanov Nikolay N. , Sokolov Andrey V. , Sokolov Boris A. , Sukhov Yury I.
Published: May 2019

The article summarizes the results of a 15-year operation of the Yamal-202 telecommunication spacecraft in geostationary orbit. The review of using electrical rocket engines in spacecraft in domestic and foreign projects is made. The questions of methodology for developing and testing the electrical rocket propulsion system for the Yamal-200 spacecraft are considered including features of the RSC Energia stand base, specific features of the equipment and methodology for filling tanks with working fluid such as xenon. Special attention is paid to the preliminary joint test of the power supply and control equipment with thruster modules in order to justify the long-term operation of electrical rocket engines. In the analysis of the 15-year operation of the electrical rocket propulsion system the initial operation phase of the spacecraft is shown with the cruise mode of electrical rocket thruster modules for installation at operating points 49 and 90 EL with the corresponding operating time of all thruster modules. The final data on the operating time of thruster modules KA-201 for 10.5 and KA-202 – for 15 years of operation is presented that gives significant statistics on the use of engines СПД-70. The estimate of the remaining mass of the working fluid and the capability of further operation of the electrical rocket propulsion system is made.
Key words: geostationary orbit, electrical rocket engine, thruster module, united propulsion system, predelivery checkout tests, filling with working fluid.
ASPECTOS COGNITIVO-EMOTIVOS EN VÍCTIMAS Y AGRESORES DEL BULLYING.
Authors: Gómez Riveros Ana María
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo está basado en una investigación que pretende describir las características cognitivo emotivas de los estudiantes de grado octavo de una institución Educativa de La Tebaida, Quindío, implicados como víctimas y agresores en el fenómeno del bullying. Para la obtención de la información se empleó una metodología de tipo cuantitativo – descriptivo, la información fue recolectada mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios individuales.
RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE CAMPOS DE LUZ A PARTIR DE PROYECCIONES 2D BASADO EN MUESTREO COMPRESIVO
Authors: León Kareth , Galvis Laura V. , Arguello Fuentes Henry
Published: May 2019

La fotografía de campos de luz ha ganado popularidad recientemente debido a sus capacidades para el procesamiento de imágenes. La captura de campos de luz es una técnica que almacena información espacial y angular de una señal óptica proveniente de un objeto tridimensional en una representación de cuatro dimensiones (4D). La adquisición de campos luz en alta resolución sigue siendo un desafío, y aunque existen cámaras comerciales de campo de luz, estos dispositivos sacrifican resolución espacial para ofrecer diferentes vistas angulares de la misma escena. Un nuevo enfoque para obtener alta resolución en campos luz es el uso de la técnica de muestreo compresivo (CS) desarrollada recientemente. El elemento esencial en CS es el proceso de codificación, que puede ser realizado a través de máscaras litográficas. En este trabajo, se presenta un modelo de adquisición de campos de luz usando muestreo compresivo por patrones de codificación. Esta investigación busca reconstruir un campo de luz de alta resolución a partir de una sola proyección 2D. En el modelo, la información redundante de las diferentes vistas angulares del campo de luz es aprovechada por la modulación a través de los patrones de codificación, y luego se soluciona un problema mal condicionado a través de técnicas de codificación dispersa. Con el objetivo de utilizar las técnicas de codificación dispersa, se asume un diccionario donde las imágenes naturales son altamente compresibles. Inicialmente, se realiza el entrenamiento de un diccionario usando 5000 muestras de campos de luz de entrenamiento con el objetivo de encontrar la representación del campo de luz más dispersa y así, reconstruir el campo de luz 4D. Para la reconstrucción, se obtiene un campo de luz con 5 × 5 vistas angulares a partir de una sola proyección codificada 2D. La proyección codificada 2D es dividida en parches superpuestos, luego cada parche 2D es reconstruido y fusionado usando un filtro de mediana para obtener finalmente el campo de luz 4D. Los resultados indican el alto PSNR (pico de señal a ruido) de las imágenes 4D reconstruidas.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THERMAL AND CHEMICAL MICROALGAE CELL DISRUPTION METHODS FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS PRODUCTION
Authors: González Delgado Angel , Peralta Ruiz Yeimmy Yolima , Kafarov Viatcheslav
Published: May 2019

Biomass of microalgae continues under study as promising candidate for novel biofuels and bioproducts, however, microalgae-based processes faces technical bottlenecks related to efficiency of metabolite  extraction and transformation. This paper shows the development and evaluation of thermal and chemical cell disruption methods for the extraction of oil from  Nannochloropsis  sp.  as  feedstock  for the  production of third generation biofuels and high value fatty acids, in order to achieve lipid extraction efficiency. The thermal cell disruption process chosen was autoclave, during operation times of 1 and 3 hours at 394.15 K and 103410 Pa. Chemical treatment was  based on acid  hydrolysis with  HCl in concentrations  of  0.1,  0.5, 1  and 3 mol L-1. Organosolv Pretreatment was also used with a reaction time of 4.1 hours at 394.15 K and  103410  Pa. Results showed that the thermal and Organosolv cell disruption process increases extraction yields for biomass without pretreatment, but these did not exceed any of the results obtained with acid hydrolysis. Solution 0.5 mol L-1 HCl proved to be the most suitable for cell disruption process.  In  addition it was determined that the water content in the pretreated biomass, decreases the efficiency of the extraction processes.
AJUSTE DE CURVAS DE DEGRADACIÓN DE MÓDULO DE CORTANTE Y RELACIÓN DE AMORTIGUAMIENTO PARA LOS SUELOS DE CENIZAS: CASO ARMENIA (COLOMBIA)
Authors: García Ocampo Carlos Arturo , Monsalve Jaramillo Hugo , Peña Ceballos Diego Andrés , Pareja Soto Mario Andrés
Published: May 2019

Este artículo propone dos modelos o ecuaciones en función del índice de plasticidad IP para describir la degradación del módulo normalizado de cortante y relación de amortiguamiento en suelos de ceniza volcánica para la ciudad de Armenia; las ecuaciones obtenidas se derivan de los ensayos dinámicos realizados a las muestras de suelo recolectadas en la microzonificación sísmica de la ciudad. El primer modelo está asociado a los suelos de ceniza, probados por medio del ensayo de triaxial cíclico que mide sus propiedades dinámicas a altos niveles de deformación; el segundo modelo se deriva del ensayo de columna resonante que mide las propiedades dinámicas del suelo ante bajas deformaciones. Se encontró que el índice de plasticidad IP es una variable fundamental en el modelo que describe el comportamiento dinámico de la ceniza volcánica, en donde se evidenció que la ausencia de la variable de esfuerzo de confinamiento efectivo o’o en los modelos obtenidos, generan una notable diferencia entre las curvas obtenidas con el modelo del ensayo de triaxial y el modelo del ensayo de columna resonante.
EVALUATION OF THE SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY TOOL FMTOMO FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
Authors: López G. Juan S. , Abreo C Sergio A. , Reyes T Oscar M.
Published: May 2019

Colombia has always been a well-known country in terms of natural resources. In particular, mineral resources have become more and more relevant, because of the interest in oil exploitation. However, the easy-access zones are running out of oil, and the efforts are shifting and focusing towards the exploration of hard-access zones. In order to explore these hard-access zones looking for hydrocarbons, economical and reliable alternative techniques are required.

Seismic tomography is one of them, which allows obtaining sub surface velocity models from seismic acquisitions performed on the Earth's surface.

There are several tools developed for performing seismic tomography. One of them is FMTOMO, which is a tool that solves seismic tomography as an inverse problem, dealing with it as an optimization problem proposed from a linear approximation of the Eikonal equation.

The main focus of this work is to evaluate the results obtained using FMTOMO and computing performance. At the end, it is presented a summary of its strengths and weaknesses.
Soporte técnico de simulación Phet en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de fracciones equivalentes
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo comparar el resultado de cada estudiante con respecto a cada nivel de dificultad con la aplicación de Simulaciones Phet, en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de fracciones equivalentes, fracciones mixtas y reducción de fracciones. Esta Investigación es de tipo experimental - cuantitativa, con un único grupo (Prueba con el simulador Phet). La población de estudio estuvo constituido por 40 estudiantes de octavo grado de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa General Santander de Soacha-Cundinamarca. El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 40 estudiantes (20 hombres y 20 mujeres). Se realizó una comparación múltiple entre medias independientes, a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos aplicando la prueba Scheffé, se pudo observar que hay evidencia para rechazar la hipótesis nula, por tanto las medias son significativamente diferentes. La nota promedio fue 9,575 para el primer nivel, de 9,710 para el segundo nivel, de 9,385 para el tercer nivel, 8,840 para el cuarto nivel, 8,370 para el quinto nivel, 7,610 para el sexto nivel, 8,478 para el séptimo nivel, 7,530 para el octavo nivel. La aplicación del simulador Phet permitió un aprendizaje activo, participativo, característico, acrecentando el nivel de participación del estudiante, cumplimiento de tareas y actividades, y el interés por el tema de estudio, lo cual quedó demostrado.
Le rôle clé du juge dans les contentieux de droit commun découlant du DALO
Authors: Bouvet Alice
Published: May 2019

La loi du 05 mars 2007 a instauré le droit au logement opposable et offre la possibilité, pour les demandeurs de logement reconnus «prioritaires et urgents » par la Commission de Médiation Départementale (COMED), de saisir le juge administratif pour faire valoir leur droit. Cependant, la voie contentieuse spécifique du droit au logement opposable apparaît peu pertinente pour les demandeurs de logement. En effet, les pouvoirs du juge y sont très restreints, celui-ci n’ayant qu’un pouvoir d’injonction avec astreinte. Au terme d’une procédure qui peut être longue, l’obtention d’un logement n ’est pas garantie. En parallèle de ce recours spécifique, d’autres contentieux relevant du droit commun, se sont développés autour de la loi DALO : contentieux de l’annulation, contentieux indemnitaire, procédures d’urgence. Ne serait-ce pas dans ces différents contentieux de droit commun qui gravitent autour du droit au logement opposable que le juge administratif retrouverait une certaine efficience ?
La Cour de cassation refuse l’adoption par l’ex-compagne de la mère biologique
Authors: Coffin Armelle
Published: May 2019

Dans cet arrêt en date du 28 février 2018 la Cour de cassation refuse la possibilité à l’ex-compagne de la mère biologique de l’enfant d’adopter ce dernier. Accepter cette adoption plénière aurait anéanti le lien de filiation unissant la mère biologique à l’enfant ce qui n ’est pas dans l ’intérêt de ce dernier. De quelles autres possibilités bénéficie l’ex-compagne de la mère, «le parent social » qui souhaite garder un lien avec l 'enfant qu 'elle a élevé ?
Commentaire de l’article 1266-1 du projet de réforme de la responsabilité civile
Authors: Schwart Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2019

Bien qu’elle en ait les attributs, l’amende civile présentée en mars 2017 par l’ancien garde des Sceaux, Monsieur Jean-Jacques Urvoas, n’est pas une peine privée, mais elle est une peine civile. Tiraillés entre la volonté de mettre à l ’honneur la fonction normative de la responsabilité civile en sanctionnant l’auteur d’une faute à but lucratif tout en préservant le principe de réparation intégrale du préjudice, les rédacteurs du projet de réforme ont créé une sanction à mi-chemin entre l’amende pénale et les dommages et intérêts punitifs, ce qui nuit parfois à son efficacité. Toutefois, une telle initiative traduit un désir d ’innover sans pour autant bouleverser les fondements de la responsabilité civile. D’une manière générale, en dépit des incohérences plus ou moins importantes tant dans les conditions d’application que dans le régime, le but de réaffirmer la fonction punitive de la responsabilité civile que s ’est fixé la Chancellerie est atteint. Outre l’analyse de l’article 1266-1 du projet de réforme, l'article propose des modifications visant à améliorer la cohérence et l’efficacité de cette sanction para pénale.
La loi relative à la lutte contre la manipulation de l’information : un avenir incertain
Authors: Delahais Caroline
Published: May 2019

Le 9 octobre prochain, la loi très controversée relative à la lutte contre la manipulation de l ’information doit revenir devant l ' Assemblée nationale pour une deuxième lecture. Inspirée par nombre de pays voisins, et inspirant d’autres pays comme la Russie dont la Douma a adopté le 18 septembre en deuxième lecture un projet de loi similaire. L ’occasion de revenir sur ce que contient cette loi et peut-être plus sur ce qu’elle révèle de nos comportements. En effet, le texte s’avérerait être un coup d’épée dans l’eau, dont le champ d’application est finalement assez restreint, en dépit de la portée considérable que lui offre la toile. Subrepticement néanmoins, il met le doigt sur un point fondamental : l’éducation aux médias et l’encouragement à la vérification des faits, dans une société où l’instantanéité et la prodigalité de l 'information la fragilise davantage qu ’elle ne la protège.
L’open data judiciaire : quelle effectivité pour les plaideurs ?
Authors: Castanier Kévin
Published: May 2019

La loi n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 dite «Loi pour une République numérique » instaure, au travers de ses articles 20 et 21, un open data judiciaire dans un objectif de meilleur accès à la justice. Les plaideurs, et plus largement les citoyens, bénéficieront d’un accès total aux décisions de justice. Ces dernières contenant des données à caractère personnel, il semble nécessaire de concilier exhaustivité et protection des données. La cristallisation du débat autour de l’open data s’est opérée sur l’anonymisation des décisions. Faut-il enlever le nom des juges ? Par une meilleure connaissance du droit, les plaideurs participeront au désengorgement des tribunaux en ayant recours aux modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits. Au surplus, l’ouverture massive des décisions de justice pourrait entraîner, d’une part, la mise en place d’un filtrage auprès de la Cour de cassation et, d’autre part, la création d’une justice « prédictive » pouvant provoquer une standardisation du droit.
L’appréhension juridique des algorithmes sous l'angle de la protection des données personnelles
Authors: Picart Erwann
Published: May 2019

Depuis ces dernières années, la notion d’algorithme est présente de manière expansive dans les revues juridiques. Cette notion a pourtant une origine mathématique. Cet article se propose alors d’analyser les raisons pour lesquelles ce concept mathématique est devenu l ’objet des attentions juridiques. Historiquement, les algorithmes étaient déjà appréhendés par la loi Informatique et Libertés de 1978. Néanmoins, un discours prospectif se développe afin d’adresser de nouvelles obligations aux concepteurs et utilisateurs d’algorithmes.
La mobilité des personnes vulnérables au sein de l'Union européenne
Authors: Stephan Aurore
Published: May 2019

Si faciliter la mobilité des personnes a été énoncé comme un objectif primordial de l’Union européenne, il apparaît que celle des personnes vulnérables ne fait encore l’objet que de peu de développements. Cela se comprend aisément par la difficulté résultant de l’utilisation même de «personnes vulnérables », vocable qui ne renvoie non pas à une catégorie de personnes clairement définies, mais plutôt à une multitude de situations. Pourtant, des points communs peuvent être identifiés entre les différents sujets concernés, que ce soit au titre de leur mobilité forcée ou que de leur mobilité volontaire.
Comparison of sample preparation methods for the identification of Staphylococcus Aureus by MALDI-FOF MS
Authors: Horváth Brigitta , Peles Ferenc , Bereczki László , Széll András , Sipos Rita , Erős Ágnes , Lovász Csaba , Micsinai Adrienn
Published: May 2019

Coagulase-positive staphylococci include 3 species, Staphylococcus aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Of these three species, S. aureus is the most well-known human pathogen. S. aureus is part of the human and animal normal microbiota, however, it is capable of producing several staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) that cause intoxication symptoms of varying intensity in humans after consuming contaminated food. Selective media which are used for the determination of coagulase-positive staphylococci from foods are not able to identify isolates at a species. With the MALDI-TOF MS technique, we can identify S. aureus cheaper and faster than by using molecular methods. This paper describes the results of the study of the presence of coagulase-positive staphylococci and S. aureus in many food products, and the application of three sample preparation methods: direct sample preparation, formic acid suspension and ethanol extraction.
The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk
Authors: Petróczki Flóra Mária , Tonamo Tema Andualem , Béri Béla , Peles Ferenc
Published: May 2019

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined.

There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.

Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.
The changes of the purple coneflower’s (Echinacea purpurea L.) herb and radix drug yield under different fertilization conditions
Authors: Lelesz Judit Éva
Published: May 2019

In this research, the purple coneflower’s (Echinacea purpurea L.) nutrient requirement was examined under different fertilization conditions in a small plot experiment. We measured the medicinal plant’s raw and dry herb and root drug mass and drying loss under different fertilization settings and meteorological factors.

From the drug’s raw and dry mass perspective, based on the results, in our opinion, the control setting exceeded all nutrient settings’ results in 2016. In 2017 and 2018, the N75P100K150 nutrient setting has the biggest herb yield. As for the root yield, it was also the N75P100K150 setting which produced the biggest yield.

The Pearson's correlation test was performed to investigate the connection between the quantity of the raw, the dried herbs, the different nutrient settings and meteorological factors.
Comparative study of different soybean genotypes in irrigation technology
Authors: Nagy Nikoletta Edit , Pepó Péter
Published: May 2019

In many places in Hungary, early maturity soybean can be successfully grown. The earlier maturity group of soy which ripened in 110–125 days in most crop areas in Hungary. However, to achieve excellent results, the selection of proper varieties is important too. Successful cultivation is largely dependent on the macro and microclimate of the production area, the nutrient supply of the soil and the cultivation technology. Soybean can be produced in places where the amount of precipitation is right, as the lack of water results in lower yields and deteriorated oil and protein concentrations. In the following study, 2 years (2016 and 2017) are compared to the yield, protein and oil content of the soybeans of the early maturation group in irrigated and non-irrigated treatments. Based on our experiment, it can be stated that, during the irrigation of soybean, oil and protein content and yields did not always change.
Stand evaluation, crop estimation and yield analysis of winter wheat for the optimization of yields
Authors: Pap Nárcisz , Pap János , Schmidt Rezső
Published: May 2019

The authors have been carrying out stand evaluation, crop estimation and yield analysis in winter wheat since 2012. The sampling areas were assigned at the fields of the Training Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University Mosonmagyaróvár according to the structure of the cropping system. According to their observations the value of field emergence is always lower than the laboratory germination. The weak emergence is important because the lower plant density cannot be compensated by the increased tillering in spite of having larger plant growth space. It is proven by the fact that they detected strong productive tillering even at 5 and 10 mm plant spacing while there were single-spiked plants at 40-50 mm plant spacing as well. The analysis revealed that the total ear mass and grain mass of wheat plants bearing two or more ears is almost the double than that of the single-spiked plants. It was a further basic experience that the largest ear of ”multiple-spiked” plants is always heavier than the single ear of one-spiked plants. Plants with intense tillering and more ears demonstrate the importance of proper seedbed preparation and drilling and the significance of sowing good quality seeds. These are the factors that determine field germination and emergence, influence the speed and intensity of initial development and by all these factors the sufficient productive tillering. The authors emphasize the use of exact and objective methods at crop estimation, e.g. the relationship between the ear mass and the yield which is in strong correlation whilst ear length and grain mass are not suitable for a precise estimation. The authors conclude that crop estimation and yield analysis must be inevitable tools of modern crop production and will be particularly important in precision agriculture. These tools also qualify the job done by farmers and helps to identify the areas that require special attention.
Promising Leuce poplar clones in sandy ridges between the rivers Danube and Tisza in Hungary: a case study
Authors: Rédei Károly , Takács Marianna , Kiss Tamás , Keserű Zsolt
Published: May 2019

An intensive integrated research and development work has been carried out on the improvement of Leuce poplars including primarily the native white poplar (Populus alba L.) and its natural hybrid grey poplar (Populus × canescens). More than 70 percent of the Leuce poplar stands can be found on calcareous sandy sites in the Danube–Tisza region, so they play a significant role in the poplar management of this part of the country. The most important task ahead of Hungarian poplar growers is to improve the quality of poplar stands and plantations based on selecting new clones and cultivars. The growth and yield of four promising Leuce poplar clones was evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. The clones ‘H 425-4’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L.), and ‘H 758’ (Populus alba L. Mosonmagyaróvár 124) seem to be suitable for wood production, while the ‘H 427-3’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L. cv. Bolleana) and ‘H 422-9’ (Populus alba L. × Populus grandidentata (Michx)) clones (with decorative stem form) could be better used for tree lines and ornamental plantations.
The effect of plant density on the yield of sweet potato
Authors: Szarvas Adrienn , Szél Hódi Margit , Monostori Tamás
Published: May 2019

A field study was conducted in South-East Hungary during the main cropping season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, with the objective of determining the effect of plant spacing on the productivity of sweet potato. Production technology experiments of four repetitions were set up in a randomized block design on sandy soil. The performed treatments consisted of four variations of plant spacing (row distance x plant-to-plant distance): 80 cm x 20 cm, 80 cm x 30 cm, 100 cm x 20 cm, 100 cm x 30 cm. The plant material was the Hungarian registered sweet potato variety ‘Ásotthalmi-12’. Analysis of variance revealed that planting density significantly affected the average yield of storage roots. The highest yield per plant was achieved with the 100 cm x 30 cm (2016, 2017), as well as with the 80 cm x 30 cm (2018) setups. On hectare level, our results showed that the highest plant density of 62,500 plants ha-1 (80 cm x 20 cm setup) could give the highest yield. Comparing the highest tons ha-1 results to those achieved with the plant spacing setups resulting in the highest yield per plant, the differences can be even 13 or 14 tons at hectare level. This finding underlines the importance of choosing the proper planting density towards the higher end.
PERSEPSI IBU TENTANG PIJAT BAYI YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH DUKUN BAYI DI RW I KELURAHAN SUSUKAN KECAMATAN UNGARAN TIMUR
Authors: Sawitry Sawitry
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang Pijat bayi oleh dukun ini diwariskan secara turun temurun tanpa penjelasan mengenai manfaat dan teori ilmiah serta dilakukan atas dasar kepercayaan serta pengalaman bahwa persepsi masyarakat pemijatan dapat menyembuhkan beragam penyakit serta membuat bayi menjadi tidak rewel lagi. Sebab sifat orang tradisional yakni bahwa pijat merupakan cara pengobatan yang ampuh, apalagi jika dilakukan oleh dukun bayi. Tujuan Mengeksplorasi persepsi ibu tentang pijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh dukun bayi. Metode Jenis penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara kepada ibu 4 orang ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-12 bulan dan tinggal di  Kelurahan Susukan Kecamatan Ungaran Timur RW1. Hasil persepsi ibu tentang pijat bayi hasilnya baik, mereka tahu manfaat pijat bayi, syarat pijat bayi dan bagaimana pemijatan bayi dilakukan dari kepala sampai kaki oleh dukun. Saran penulis berharap agar orang tua melakukan pijat bayi sendiri secara rutin, pada saat pagi sebelum mandi dan malam sebelum tidur karena banyak sekali manfaatnyaKata Kunci : Persepsi Ibu; Pijat bayi; dukun bayi MOTHERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT BABY MASSAGE BY TRADITIONAL BABY ATTENDANT IN RW 1 SUSUKAN VILLAGE UNGARAN TIMUR ABSTRACTIntroduction Background: Baby massage did by traditional baby attendants who passed down from generation to generation without any explanation of benefits and scientific theory and hold on trust and experience that the baby massage can cure disease and make the baby quiet. Mothers usually massaging the baby when the baby is fussy and have trouble sleeping , massaging her baby once a month and the mother said the baby frequently during sleep soundly after a massage. Purpose: The purpose is to explore mothers’perception about baby massage by traditional baby attendant. Method: This reasearch used qualitative method with the phenomenology approach. The data was obtained from complete interviews. The participants were 4 mothers with their 0-12 months babies, who lived in RW 1 Susukan Village Ungaran Timur, that willing as respondents. Result: The participant and the triangulation about the baby massage was good. The participants and triangulation knew the benefit, term, and purpose of the baby massage, even thought it wasn’t completely known. The traditional baby attendants did the massage differently from the theory. They did the massage from the head to the feet, while the theory said the massage should be done from the feet to the head. Suggestion: The writer wished that this research can be used as an advice for the parents, so they will do the baby massage once in the morning before take a bath and once in the night before the bed time and motivated to do the baby massage regularly because of the good benefits. Keywords : mothers’ perception;  baby massage; traditional baby attendant
PERSEPSI IBU TENTANG TOILET TRAINING PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Prasida Dita Wasthu , Maftuchah Maftuchah , Nirawati Nirawati
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Jumlah balita yang masih susah mengontrol BAB dan BAK di usia sampai pra sekolah menurut Survey Kesehatan Rumah Tangga diperkirakan mencapai 75 juta anak, kasus mengompol pada anak usia enam tahun di Indonesia tercatat sekitar 12%. Hasil studi pendahuluan di puskesmas kedungmundu, dari lima ibu yang memiliki anak usia toddler, tiga ibu mengatakan anaknya masih sering mengompol dan belum pernah melatih anak dalam buang air, sedangkan dua diantaranya sudah mulai melatih.Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi ibu tentang toilet training pada anak usia toddler.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam. Jumlah partisipan 4 orang, triangulasi yaitu suami partisipan.Hasil:  Wawancara mendalam pada partisipan didapatkan informasi tentang cara ibu dalam membiasakan anak untuk buang air, usia yang tepat untuk melatih anak, dampak dari toilet training, upaya orang tua serta hambatan-hambatan dalam toilet training.Ibu balita agar melatih anak untuk toilet training mulai usia satu sampai tiga tahun, Petugas kesehatan agar lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan secara menyeluruh terkait toilet training pada anak usia toddler. Kata kunci : Persepsi;toilet training;usia toddler.
RESIKO BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BILIRUBIN
Authors: AMELIA POPPY FRANSISCA , Royhanaty Isy , Oktaviana Diah
Published: May 2019

Berat bayi adalah salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi Kadar Bilirubin menjadi tinggi. Pada Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Kadar Bilirubin tinggi disebabkan oleh kematangan organ yang belum maksimal, berkurang nya jumlah enzim yang diambil dan kenaikan bilirubin serum yang cenderung sama atau sedikit lebih lambat tetapi jangka waktunya lebih lama dari biasanya sehingga mengakibatkan Kadar Bilirubin meningkat.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara Berat Bayi Lahir dengan Kadar Bilirubin pada BBLR.Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan studi retrospektif. Waktu Penelitian bulan Desember sampai bulan Juni 2018. Sampel Penelitian berjumlah 148 bayi, dan menggunakan data sekunder. Analisa menggunakan korelasi rank spearman. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan p-value 0,000 dengan korelasi rank spearman -0,601 yang artinya korelasi negatif yang menunjukkan kekuatan dalam kategori tinggi yaitu semakin rendah berat badannya maka semakin tinggi kadar bilirubinnya. Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara berat bayi lahir dengan kadar bilirubin. Kata Kunci : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah; Berat lahir; Kkadar Bilirubin.
EFEKTIFITAS AKUPRESUR PADA KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN BAYI
Authors: Fendristica Gladys Galihani , Susilawati Susilawati , Armawati Ni Made
Published: May 2019

Neonatus membutuhkan ASI untuk tumbuh kembang optimal. Selain mampu meningkatkan autoimun bayi sehingga tidak mudah sakit, proses menyusui juga meningkatkan kasih sayang ibu ke bayi. Sedangkan melalui pijatan, ibu mendapatkan kasih sayang dari keluarga. Studi pendahuluan didapatkan estimasi 7 dari 10 ibu tidak menyusui ASI eksklusif, salah satunya dikarenakan produksi ASI kurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi perbedaan kenaikan berat badan bayi ibu menyusui yang mendapatkan akupresur dengan tanpa akupresur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Populasinya adalah ibu hamil berdasarkan hari perkiraan persalinan bulan April 2017 dengan jumlah sampel 32 orang, masing-masing 16 orang kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah kenaikan BB bayi pada kelompok intervensi adalah 16 orang dan kelompok kontrol adalah 9 orang. Hasil uji analisis dengan Independent t-test didapatkan terdapat perbedaan kenaikan berat badan bayi ibu menyusui yang mendapatkan akupresur dengan tanpa akupresur. Dari penelitian diketahui akupresur terbukti dapat meningkatkan produksi ASI dan ikatan antara orangtua dan bayi, yang berdampak pada kualitas ASI juga meningkat. Hal ini otomatis dapat meningkatkan motivasi ibu untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif kepada bayinya. Kata kunci: Akupresur, berat badan bayi, produksi ASI
Defines causes and the circumstance of air accidents in preparatory conducts connected with their appearing
Authors: Konieczka Robert
Published: May 2019

Article makes up the attempt of the synthetic formulation of the causes of air accident which necessary to fix during preparatory proceding, and then judicial. It should notice that the proper qualification of causes and the circumstance of the air accident or different event, has to show possible guilty persons in the led conduct and qualify the range of contributing their to the rise of the event. Indicated rasons can be differ than essential way of diagnose by the State Committee of Investigation Air Accidents. It is results of the procedure distinction and also divergent goal. These questions will be analysed through the general causes of occurrence of air accident and their source.