bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability and relationships among rooting characteristics for white poplar hardwood cuttings
Authors: Igic Dusan , Borisev Milan , Vilotic Dragica , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Cuk Mirjana , Ilic Milos , Kovacevic Branislav
Published: February 2020

White poplar is a key species in wood production and afforestation, but also very important for biodiversity preservation and habitat improvement. Vegetative propagation from hardwood cuttings is the most desirable method of white poplar breeding. The present research analyzed the effect of various technological treatments on four white poplar clones. Selected treatments were powder formulations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and foliar treatment with urea. The variability of 14 morphometric characteristics on the rooting of cuttings was analyzed, as well as relationships between them. Differences in analyzed morphometric characteristics depended on genotype, while the effect of the examined technological treatments was detected only by Fisher?s least significant difference (LSD) test. Significant variability between genotypes was found for traits describing rooting at the basal cut (R0 and R0p), the number of leaves (LN), the total number of roots (TRN), and cutting survival in the first part of the growing season (SURV07). Application of IBA had significant stimulating effects on rooting at the lower part of cuttings (R05) compared to controls. Variability between genotypes after foliar treatment with urea was not detected. The examined parameters were grouped into 5 groups by principal component analysis, where shoot traits and traits that describe rooting at the basal cut were in the same group with total number of roots, and cutting survival (SURV07) was in a separate group. These results suggest a need for further testing of the characteristics of hardwood cuttings in white poplars. More efficient clone technology is needed, using auxins and/or nitrogen fertilization designed to suit the specific requirements of particular clones.
Stainless steel or titanium mini-implants?
Authors: Mecenas Paulo , Espinosa Daybelis Gonzalez , Cardoso Paula Coutinho , Normando David
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To investigate whether there was a difference in success rates when stainless steel (SS) was compared to titanium mini-implants (MIs) in orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and OpenGray were searched without restrictions. A manual search was also performed in the references of the included articles. Studies comparing the success rate between SS and titanium MIs were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions) Tool or RoB 2.0 according to the study design. The level of evidence was assessed through GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).

Results

Six studies met the eligibility criteria. One study was a randomized clinical trial that evaluated extraalveolar MIs, and nonrandomized trials examined interradicular MIs. The RCT presented a low RoB, two nonrandomized trials presented a moderate risk, and three presented a high risk. The quality of the evidence was high for the randomized clinical trial and moderate for the nonrandomized trials. Most studies found no difference between materials, with good success rates for both (SS, 74.6%–100%; titanium: 80.9%–100%) and only one study, with a high RoB, showed a higher success rate with titanium MIs (90%) when compared with SS (50%). A quantitative analysis was not because of the great heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusions

Although limited, the current evidence seems to show that the material used is not a major factor in the success rate of MIs. Because it has a lower cost than titanium and presents similar clinical efficiency, SS is a great material for orthodontic MIs.
Impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on oral health–related quality-of-life item levels:
Authors: Vedovello Silvia A.S. , de Carvalho Ana Letícia Mello , de Azevedo Larissa C. , dos Santos Patrícia R. , Vedovello-Filho Mario , de C. Meneghim Marcelo
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on item-level analysis of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Materials and Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study of 787 children aged 8 to 10 years was conducted. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL, and the analysis of item levels was performed on CPQ8-10 domains. Anterior occlusal characteristics were diagnosed according to the Dental Aesthetic Index criteria. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

No associations were found with regard to anterior occlusal characteristics (P < .001) after the variables of the previous determinants were adjusted for multivariate analysis. However, the following variables were significantly associated with negative impact on OHRQoL item levels: sex, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.42; CI, 1.07–1.89) and emotional well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.79); race, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.48; CI, 1.10–1.98), emotional well-being (OR = 1.54; CI, 1.14–2.06), and social well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.80); and family income in functional limitation (OR = 1.46; CI, 1.06–2.02), emotional well-being (OR = 1.71; CI, 1.21–2.42), and social well-being (OR = 1.59; CI, 1.14–2.21).

Conclusions

Anterior occlusal conditions did not affect the levels of OHRQoL items.
Lingkungan Dan Kebiasaan Orangtua Sangat Berpengaruh Terhadap Perilaku Dan Sikap Moral Anak (Studi Di Kelurahan Flamboyan Baru Kecamatan Padang Barat Rt 01
Authors: Dasopang Marina Aulia , Montessori Maria
Published: February 2020

Pada hakekatnya lingkungan sangat berpengaruh bagi perkembangan sikap dan perilaku anak, bila anak berada dalam lingkungan yang baik maka akan memberikan pengaruh yang baik bagi perkembangan karakter anak, dan begitu juga sebaliknya lingkungan yang tidak baik juga dapat memberikan pengaruh yang tidak baik bagi perkembangan sikap dan perilaku anak, manusia tidak bisa melepaskan diri secara mutlak dari pengaruh lingkungan karena lingkungan senantiasa tersedia di sekitarnya. Tujuan Penelitian yaitu Menggambarkan pengaruh lingkungan dan kebiasaan orangtua terhadap perilaku dan sikap moral anak di Kelurahan Flamboyan Baru Kecamatan Padang Barat. Metode digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode kualitatif dan metode deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk melakukan penelusuran dan memperoleh deskripsi terhadap fenomena yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti berusaha melakukan penelusuran dan memperoleh deskripsi tentang “Pengaruh Lingkungan dan Kebiasaan Orangtua Terhadap Perilaku dan Sikap Moral Anak di Kelurahan Flamboyan Baru Kecamatan Padang Barat”. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh lingkungan terhadap sikap moral anak di Kelurahan Flamboyan Baru Kecamatan Padang Barat.
Pengaruh Program PERMATA terhadap Wawasan Kebangsaan Mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Jasmarnisa Tasya Juliani , Ersya Muhammad Prima
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan peran program Permata dalam membentuk wawasan kebangsaan mahasiswa, nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam program Permata, serta bentuk hambatan dan tantangan mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang dalam kegiatan Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Tanah Air Nusantara (Permata) pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi atau mix methods dengan menggunakan sequential exploratory (urutan penemuan) dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program permata memiliki pengaruh yang cukup signifikan dalam membentuk wawasan kebangsaan mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Padang. Pertama, peran program Permata dalam meningkatkan wawasan kebangsaan yang dikelompokkan secara psikologis, sosial, universitas, dan negara dalam pengenalan kebudayan dan keberagaman yang ada di nusantara melaui metode belajar Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) dan komunikasi antar budaya dengan mahasiswa Permata lain serta mahasiswa asli daerah. Kedua, penanaman nilai-nilai sosial yaitu nilai solidaritas, nilai toleransi, nilai keberagaman, nilai kebudayaan dan nilai persatuan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang didapatkan ketikaprogram Permata dilaksanakan karena mahasiswa Permata asal Universitas Negeri Padang dikumpulkan dengan mahasiswa lain yang memiliki bahasa, ras, etnis, agama, dan kebiasaan yang beragam. Ketiga, terdapat beberapa hambatan dan tantangan yang harus dihadapi mahasiswa Permata ketika berada di lingkungan yang belum pernah ia datangi sebelumnya yaitu dari aspek bahasa, kebiasaan, cita rasa makanan, gaya bicara, serta cuaca dan iklim yang berbeda dengan sehingga mahasiswa Pemata asal Universitas Negeri Padang harus mampu untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan daerah universitas tujuan agar tidak menghalangi terbentuknya wawasan kebangsaan mahasiswa dan justru membangkitkan semangat dalam menerima keragaman dan kebudayaan yang ada di Indonesia.
Pembinaan Karakter Anak Usia Sekolah di Taman Pendidikan AlQur’an (TPA) Koto Kandis Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Putri Vingki Elpani , Ananda Azwar
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya sikap dan perilaku anak usia sekolah yang tidak mencerminkan patuh terhadap ajaran agama dan dilihat dari aspek kedisiplinan banyak anak usia sekolah yang tidak menaati aturan dan tata tertib yang berlaku di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) Koto Kandis Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk pembinaan karakter religius dan kedisiplinan anak usia sekolah di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) Koto Kandis Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif karena penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan dan melukiskan fakta-fakta secara akurat tentang suatu keadaan atau peristiwa yang tampak pada anak usia sekolah yang ada di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA). Pemilihan informan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan informan sebanyak 16 orang informan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pembinaan karakter religius dan kedisiplinan yang dilaksanakan di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) Koto Kandis Kenagarian Kambang Kecamatan Lengayang Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan terdiri dari pembiasaan, keteladanan dan memberikan motivasi atau dorongan.Pembiasaan ini dilakukan dengan membiasakan murid untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan agama dan kepercayaan.Pembinaan melalui keteladanan dilakukan oleh guru secara langsung melalui sikap dan perbuatannya.Sedangkan memberikan motivasi atau dorongan dilakukan oleh guru dengan memberikan penghargaan dan hukuman. Adapun kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan karakter religius dan kedisiplinan di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) Koto Kandis Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan seperti waktu pelaksanaan yang kurang optimal, sarana dan prasarana yang tidak lengkap serta pemberian sanksi yang kurang tegas.
Nilai-Nilai Moral dan Sosial dalam Penyelenggaraan Kenduri Sudah Tuai di Desa Kumun Mudik Kota Sungai Penuh
Authors: Arifianto Deno , Nurman Nurman , Dewi Susi Fitria
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kenduri Sudah Tuai sudah jarang dilakukan, dimana kenduri Sudah Tuai tidak lagi dilaksanakan rutin setiap tahunnya. Terkadang kenduri dilakukan 2 atau 21/2 tahun sekali. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetaahui Nilai Moral dan sosial dalam penyelenggaraan Kenduri Sudah Tuai Pada Masyarakat Desa Kumun Mudik, mengidentifikasi peran pemangku adat dalam penyelenggaraan Kenduri Sudah Tuai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan metode Deskriptif. Penetapan informan dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Jenis data terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder, dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan dan tringulasi. Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan mengambil kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa upacara Kenduri Sudah Tuai yang di laksanakan oleh masyarakat Desa kumun dari dulu sampai sekarang ini bertujuan untuk bersyukur kepada alloh SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunianya kepada masyarakat, baik nikmat umur, dan rezeki. Peran pemangku adat sangat penting dalam acara Kenduri Tuai yang telah senantiasa mengajak anak laki-laki dan perempuan ikut serta berpartisipasi diacara kenduri tersebut. masyarakat kumun mudik sampai saat ini masih mempertahankan tradisi Kenduri Sudah Tuai, di dalam tradisi tersebut terkandung nilai sejarah masa lalu, nilai kebersamaan dan memupuk sikap hormat-menghormati antar warga. Kenduri Sudah Tuai Masyarakat dalam wilayah Depati IV (empat) Batu Gong Tanah Kurnia dapat dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya sebagai kearifan lokal. Selanjut nya tradisi kenduri tuai tetap terjaga dan di wariskan kepada generasi muda.
Pembentukan Karakter Remaja Kota Padang Melalui Program Generasi Berencana untuk Menghadapi Bonus Demografi 2030
Authors: Sari Vitri Intan , Indrawadi Junaidi
Published: February 2020

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki permasalahan dalam kependudukan. Jumlah penduduk yang tinggi mengakibatkan kurangnya wadah dalam upaya peningkatan sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu, Untuk merespon permasalahan tersebut Direktorat Bina Ketahanan Remaja Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) mengadakan sebuah program yang bernama “Generasi Berencana (GenRe)”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan melihat keberhasilan pelaksanaan program GenRe dalam membantu merealisasikan UU RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional khususnya pembentukkan karakter remaja di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif metode deskriptif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu 40 orang informan yang tersebar di 6 titik Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Program GenRe adalah program yang dikembangkan dalam rangka persiapan bonus demografi 2030 untuk membentuk tegar remaja yang kreatif, inovatif dan penuh perencanaan masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Program GenRe sejalan dengan filosofi hidup orang Minangkabau “Adat basandi sarak, sarak basandi kitabullah, sarak mangato, adat mamakai, alam takambang jadi guru”. Melalui program ini dapat terlihat dengan jelas perpaduan antara aturan adat, agama, dan Negara dalam rangka membentuk karakter generasi muda, (2) Pembentukkan karakter remaja dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan yaitu secara langsung (sekolah) dan secara tidak langsung (orang tua). Namun, pembentukkan karakter remaja di Kota Padang melalui program GenRe belum terlaksana secara optimal karena tiga faktor (1) Operasional waktu, (2) Tenaga ahli (peran duta GenRe), (3) Pendanaan. Hasil penelitian ini sangat menarik menjadi bahan diskusi untuk melihat perkembangan pelaksanaan program GenRe sebagai solusi pemerintah dalam membantu permasalahan yang dialami remaja.
Realisasi Program Dinas Sosial Kota Jambi dalam Membentuk Mental dan Keterampilan Anak Jalanan
Authors: Jenia Elvi Wahyu , Suryanef Suryanef
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan realisisasi program Dinas Sosial kota Jambi dalam membentuk mental dan keterampilan anak jalanan. Jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan ditentukan secara purposive, beberapa informan penelitian yaitu Kepala Bidang Rehabilitasi Sosial, Kepala Seksi Rehabilitasi Sosial, Anak dan Lanjut Usia Dalam Dinas Sosial kota Jambi dan Dinas Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi program Dinas Sosial kota Jambi dalam membentuk mental dan keterampilan anak jalanan tahun 2017-2018 cukup baik dalam melaksanakan pembinaan anak jalanan. Dalam program ini anak jalanan diberikan empat bentuk bimbingan yaitu bimbingan mental, fisik, sosial, dan keterampilan namun bimbingan keterampilan belum terealisasikan dengan baik. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya kerja sama antara Dinas Sosial kota Jambi dengan masyarakat, kurangnya kesadaran diri pada anak jalanan dan keterbatasan dana sehingga program ini terkesan tidak berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu pemerintah memberikan bantuan berupa uang dan peralatan yang dibutuhkan anak jalanan untuk membuka usaha.
Pelaksanaan Sanksi dalam Mengatasi Tawuran Pelajar di SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang
Authors: Laharisa Mira , Muchtar Henni
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan sanksi dalam mengatasi tawuran pelajar di SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang mengambil lokasi di SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang. Alasan penulis memilih lokasi tersebut karena pelaksanan sanksi sanksi dalam mengatasi tawuran belum berjalan secara optimal. Penetapan informan dilakukan dengan puposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanan sanksi dalam mengatasi tawuran pelajar di SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang meliputi 3 tahap diantaranya teguran. Teguran merupakan memberitahu dan memperingati seseorang dalam hal ini memperingati seorang pelajar bahwa tindakannya adalah tindakan yang salah dan diharapkan tidak akan mengulanggi lagi yang dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang dalam mengatasi tawuran pelajar. Kedua, melakukan pemanggilan bagi pelajar yang melukan tawuran pelajar merupakan surat panggilan yang disampaikan oleh pihak sekolah SMK Kartika 1-2 Padang. Ketiga mengeluarkan siswa dari sekolah sebagai salah satu wujud dari nilai norma yang ada. Tujuan agar pelaksanan sanksi dalam mengatasi tawuran akan berjalan dengan baik
KEBUTUHAN MAHASISWA AKAN MATERI AJAR MENULIS ARTIKEL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS BERBASIS KRITERIA JURNAL-JURNAL BEREPUTASI
Authors: Mukhaiyar Mukhaiyar , Syarif Hermawati , Refnaldi Refnaldi , Arianto Muhammad Affandi
Published: February 2020

Good teaching material can be defined as a material that is based on the results of needs analysis, so that it is not only about the significant effect on improving students' ability to write scientific articles but also the increasement of students’ knowledge and understanding on writing research articles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of students’ needs related to teaching material about how to write research articles based on the criteria of reputable journals. The research design used was survey research. Data was collected using a questionnaire related to the students’ needs toward teaching materials. The questionnaires were distributed to 120 students of English Language Teaching study programs who had learned article writing course. The results showed that the level of student needs regarding abstract and conclusion section are in the High category. Besides, the introduction, literature review, and methodological section are in the Very High category. From these findings, it can be concluded that the students' needs for teaching material related to English writing research articles based on the criteria of reputable journals is very high. Thus, teaching material writing research articles in English based on the criteria of reputable journals really needs to be developed.
Study of the new 4-phenylpyrrolidinone-2 derivative pharmacokinetics and neuroprotective effect in the ischemic stroke animal model
Authors: Borozdenko D.A. , Lyakhmun D.N. , Golubev Ya.V. , Tarasenko D.V. , Kiseleva N.M. , Negrebetsky V.V.
Published: February 2020

The development of methods of drug therapy and rehabilitation in different periods of ischemic cerebral lesion is currently an urgent problem. Our study was aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and anti-ischemic effect of the new 4-phenylpyrrolidone-2 derivative in rats. To study the drug pharmacokinetics, the Wistar rats were once administered with the substance at a dose of 250 mg/kg, then, the substance distribution in blood and cerebral cortex was evaluated. Elimination half-life value was determined, which was 83.2 min. The substance remained in the brain tissue for 24 hours. To assess the anti-ischemic effect, the stroke was modeled by endovascular middle brain artery transition occlusion, and the drug was administered intravenously for 5 days at two doses, 250 and 125 mg/kg. After that the lesion focus volume was evaluated by MRI, as well as the neurological deficit severity, locomotor and explorative behavior. The studied drug significantly decreased the neurological deficit in model animals compared to control group (1.72 vs 4.4, p < 0.05). According to the MRI data, the effect on the ischemic focus was negligible, while the explorative behavior significantly increased under the influence of the 4-phenylpyrrolidone-2 derivative (hole board test, horizontal activity 12.1 ± 6.8, 22.5 ±10.5, p < 0.05). The data obtained allow us to conclude that the studied substance penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and accumulates in the brain tissue promoting the neurological deficit correction and increasing the explorative behavior in the ischemic stroke model animals.
Изучение фармакокинетики и нейропротекторной активности нового производного 4-фенилпирролидинона-2 в модели ишемического инсульта на животных
Authors: Борозденко Д. А. , Ляхман Д. Н. , Голубев Я. В. , Тарасенко Д. В. , Негребецкий В. В. , Киселева Н. М.
Published: February 2020

Разработка методов медикаментозной терапии и реабилитации в разных периодах ишемического поражения головного мозга в настоящее время является актуальной проблемой. Целью исследования было изучить фармакокинетику и антиишемическое действие нового производного 4-фенилпирролидинона-2 на крысах. Для изучения фармакокинетики крысам линии Wistar однократно вводили вещество в дозе 250 мг/кг, затем оценивали его распределение в плазме и коре головного мозга. Установлен период полувыведения (Т1/2), 83,2 мин. Время нахождения вещества в тканях головного мозга составило 24 ч. Для оценки антиишемического действия проводили моделирование инсульта методом эндоваскулярной транзиторной окклюзии средней мозговой артерии, препарат вводили внутривенно в течение 5 дней в двух дозах, 250 и 125 мг/кг. Затем определяли размер очага поражения (с помощью МРТ), степень неврологического дефицита, локомоторную и исследовательскую активность. Исследуемое вещество значимо снижало неврологический дефицит у модельных животных по сравнению с контрольной группой (1,72 vs 4,4; p < 0,05). Влияние на очаг ишемии по МРТ было незначительным, а ориентировочно-исследовательское поведение под воздействием производного 4-фенилпирролидинона-2 значимо активизировалось («норковая камера», горизонтальная активность 12,1 ± 6,8, 22,5 ±10,5; p < 0,05). Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод, что исследуемое вещество проходит через гематоэнцефалический барьер (ГЭБ), накапливается в коре головного мозга, способствуя коррекции неврологического дефицита и повышая исследовательскую активность у животных в модели ишемического инсульта.
REVIEW: An emotional, eternal life struggle for peace, justice
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Few books have been published in Oceania offering the political and social resonance achieved by some photojournalists in the Asia-Pacific region and further afield internationally. Books come to mind such as Depth of Field, a powerful collection of photographs of poverty and repression in the Philippines; The Brotherhood, a revealing portrayal of a corrupt police precinct in Manila by Alex Baluyut for the Philippines Centre for Investigative Journalism.
Whither Pacific ‘traditional’ media? Internet technology in political education and participation
Authors: Anderson Kylie
Published: February 2020

‘Digital Democracy’ and ‘digital government’ are relatively new concepts posing challenges for governments, journalists, political analysts and political scientists. Written from a political science perspective, this article provides an overview of selected Pacific Island government efforts on the web and assesses the contribution this makes to political education, on one level, and building egalitarian democracies on another level. Providing a brief survey of internet developments in the area of government within 12 selected Pacific Island countries, the argument is made that, while any additional education in the broad area of politics is welcome, there are still challenges that exist and room for progress. Given current technological capabilities around the region, more ‘traditional’ forms of media still have a vital role to play.
When the deadline becomes death
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

The only crime committed by these journalists - 71 had been in prison for more than two years - was to have written something that their governments disliked.
The NBC Islands gag
Authors: Togarewa Neville
Published: February 2020

In April 1994, the Wingti Government in Papua New Guinea imposed an unprecedented gag on the National Broadcasting Commission reporting on the Islands region premiers summit expected to debate possible secession
Women in the media
Authors: Solomon Anna
Published: February 2020

As with everything else in Papua New Guinea, the media work force is male-dominated. However, this pattern is now changing with many more women making a career in communication and gradually moving into middle and senior management.
Six years too long [Bougainville]
Authors: The Times of Papua New Guinea
Published: February 2020

An editorial on the Bougainville peace talks at Arawa in October 1994.
REVIEW: New World myths
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Review of Whose Story? Reporting the Developing World After the Cold War, edited by Jill Spelliscy and Gerald B. Sperling, Calgary, Canada: Detselig Enterprises, 1993. 242 pp.

'I get terribly angry', remarks Daniel Nelson, editor of Gemini News Service, 'when journalists take the phrase, which is completly manufactured, "New World Order"—it's absolutely meaningless. Personally I don't think there is a New World Order. I think we have the same world order, but without the Soviet Union which was never a major part of the world economy. And if you live in Katmandu or Kampala, there is no change.'
REVIEW: Media hypocrisy
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Review of A Critical View of Western Journalism and Scholarship on East Timor, by Geoffrey Gunn, Manila: Journal of Contemporary Asia Publishers, 1994. 272 pp. K10.

Shortly after the Dili massacre in November 1991, I was paid a 'kill' fee by one of New Zealand's largest dailies rather than publish a detailed account of the circumstances leading up to the massacre and an exposure of the Indonesian lies and distortions. The full-page broadsheet article had already been set up in type and laid out when it was 'pulled' from the paper. A New Zealander was among those who were brutally murdered by Indonesian troops that tragic day.
Editorial
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Last year we promised the content would be more regional for this second issue. Once again it is heavily concentrated on Melanesia, particular Papua New Guinea. We make no apologies for this. It is appropiate for this issue as a number of news media developments during 1995 focused attention on Papua New Guinea.
Open season for snipes at the media pack
Authors: Pinder James
Published: February 2020

For 365 days a year, the media cop it from our pollies. But the overseas press are employed to report on the country and its goings-on — not the whims of our politicians, who, whenever they make a boo-boo, claim they are misreported.
Attacks on the press
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

A record 173 journalists were held in prison at the end of 1994 and 72 journalists were killed in the line of duty—eight more than the previous year. Pacific cases have been cited in monitoring of news media abuses.
Bleak media scenarios confront Vanuatu
Authors: Manassah Kiery
Published: February 2020

Lack of qualified and experienced journalists, a tendency to allow censorship and disregard for the notion of publicly funding broadcasting services belonging to the public hamper freedom of information.
Serving truth with development news
Authors: Chan Julius
Published: February 2020

Flawed journalism has sullied Papua New Guinea's good name and built up an unfortunate but valid distrust of the media. The country and its problems have been the victim of shallow journalists unable to look past the bad.
Wendy Bacon: A bullet and an orchid
Authors: Kuasi Sophie
Published: February 2020

Wendy Bacon, a winner of the Walkley Award, exposed corrupt activities by some New South Wales police officers and also foreigners implicated in the Fiji coups. Now an academic, Associate Professor Bacon assisted University of PNG's new investigative journalism course.
Cat-and-mouse over the French nukes
Authors: Peni Ekonia
Published: February 2020

French nuclear tests and the controversial draft Pacific logging code of practice drew most of the media coverage at the Madang South Pacific Forum meeting. But logging was almost brushed aside by the host country.
1993: The campus
Authors: Ohasio Campion
Published: February 2020

A collection of social and political cartoons by Campion Ohasio of the Solomon Islands.
1995: The region
Authors: Ohasio Campion
Published: February 2020

A collection of social and political cartoons by Campion Ohasio of the Solomon Islands.
Pacific Investigative Journalism Award: What the judges said
Authors: Bacon Wendy , Cronau Peter , McKnight David
Published: February 2020

Investigative journalism is alive and well in the Pacific news media. The quality and breadth of reporting taking place in the South Pacific region is reflected in the high standard of stories entered in the first Pacific Investigative Journalism Award. Pressures for economic reform, development and democratisation are creating societies in change, providing a feast of potential issues needing in-depth reporting to the public. Stories that reinforce the public's right to be informed; stories that investigate hard-to-get facts and give the public a new perspective on events and issues; stories that carry a wealth of detail about how the society works are the stories that uphold the finest traditions of investigative journalism. Sponsored by the South Pacific Centre for Communication and Information in Development (SPCenCIID), the inaugural Pacific Investigative Journalism Award has been established to promote higher standards in investigative reporting and to foster good relationships between journalists.
The contempt case of the 'Tongan three'
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Media commentators see the jailings of two Taimi 'o Tongajournalists and an MP whistleblower in Tonga as the most serious threat to media freedom in the South Pacific since the Fiji coups in 1987. But Fiji Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka sees the harsh move as a lesson for journalists. Other critics regard the issue as one of a need for greater professionalism.
Draft Code of Ethics
Authors: Media, Arts and Entertainment Alliance
Published: February 2020

This is the recomended revised Journalist Code of Ethics drafted by Australia's Media, Arts and Entertainment Alliance (MEAA):
Melanesia irks Malaysia
Authors: Choong Alex
Published: February 2020

Malaysia's Primary Industries Minister Datuk Seti Dr Lim Keng Yaik, disturbed by attacks by environmentalists on companies from his country for overlogging, led a two-week forestry mission to PNG, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in early 1996 to have a first-hand look.
Practise what you preach
Authors: The Fiji Times
Published: February 2020

When the Senate sat for 20 minutes yesterday it cost taxpayers $2400. In those 20 minutes senators said a prayer, adopted the minutes of thier sitting and heard the Senator Filipe Bole move the reading five Bills. The House then adjourned for tea and until today. It can be taken for granted that the taxpayers also paid for morning tea.
REVIEW: Tackling mass media and mass ignorance
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2020

Review of Dateline Earth: As if the planet mattered, by Kunda Dixit. Manila: InterPress.

Former Interpress regional editor Kunda Dixit's provacatively titled book Dateline Earth: Journalism As If The Planet Mattered, provides regional journalists with a timely global view that makes a mockery of dry old company balance sheets. 'Development should lead to human progress but it doesn't always' says Dixit. 'Journalists are a crucial link to the feedback loop ensuring that improvements in the quality of life can be sustained and do not permanently damage nature.'
The pitfalls of inquiries
Authors: Pentanu Simon
Published: February 2020

Discovering the "facts"— and the truth— means jouranlists must push, probe, pry, unsettle, expose, inform, and report ... and pass judgement on others. But beware of these risks.
The Daily Post sale
Authors: Kamea John
Published: February 2020

Opposition parties and media groups have protested over the Fiji Government's buying of a major stake in the Daily Post, one of the country's two daily newspapers. But the Government insists that it is for the benefit of the nation.
Dutch role in hostage crisis
Authors: Brouwer Paul
Published: February 2020

Dutch Amabassador, Paul Brouwer, tells in the Dutch radio programme Argos (5 November 1999) about the good cooperation between the Indonesians, Britsh and Dutch.
Public broadcasting and the intelligent butterfly
Authors: Craddock Patrick
Published: February 2020

In reality the public broadcster has much in common with the butterfly motif used for the title of this article, by settling on the map of community happenings to interview and broadcast what "appears" to be news. But freedom from economic and political pressures and freedm to select what news will be the events of the day are prime elements.
Why the media must remain free
Authors: Tarte Daryl
Published: February 2020

'There is absolutely no need for laws to restrict media freedoms. We live in a democratic state and provided the media conforms with its Code of Ethics, it must remain free.'
Behind the 'mad cookie'
Authors: Tora Luisa
Published: February 2020

'I really envied the papa'a.' I thought, "God, they can go out and get the story done and not have to be worried about being related to the story, and having to eat with the story, and go home with the story."
'OP'- chief with big heart
Authors: Raiyawa Tomasi
Published: February 2020

'The editor of the Solomon Star, John Lamani, says Oseah Philemon's style of writing is very direct and always has the feel of the common people.'
Fiji military exorcise ghosts
Authors: Bohane Ben
Published: February 2020

Fijians were at the polls in the final week of August 2001 following the George Speight attempted coup in May 2000], but with a court martial of rebel soldiers due, Fiji faced not just a divided society but also a divided military.

Pictured: Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama in the Queen Elizaneth Barracks, Suva / Ben Bohane
Crisis of conscience
Authors: Prasad Biman
Published: February 2020

The Univesity of the South Pacific has become the centre of excellence in the region, as indeed any university of USP's nature should be. Apart from teaching and research, the university has in many ways become the critical conscience of the region.
Banned from the Pacific
Authors: Hussain Bernadette
Published: February 2020

'It is the way the Pacific's ancient régimes hold onto power. All journalists are under siege. In Fiji, it is an extraordinary assault, coloured by racism, that is tearing apart the media and political system.'
REVIEW: Lesson for the internet Down Under
Authors: Haworth Bob
Published: February 2020

Review of Newsgathering on the Net, edited by Stephen Quinn. Second edition. Melbourne: Macmillan.

Chapter One covers journalistic skills for the new millennium and my favourite subject CAR- computer assisted reporting. Other simply presented chapters include explaining the jargon of the Net, managing bookmarks, email for newsgathering, listservers and newsgroups for news gathering, assessing information quality, and a look at the future.
The latest casualty: Phillip Knightley and media failure
Authors: Matthews Louise
Published: February 2020

He covers the coverage of wars and the fine borderline that journalists might cross to become propaganda merchants: World War II, Vietnam, The Gulf, Kosovo, to name a few, and now the ‘War on Terror’. And the performance so far of the news media in this latest one has left Phillip Knightley, author of The First Casualty, underwhelmed: civil rights down the drain, public debate and dissent stifled, the news media hardly batting an eyelid. ‘Well, the press in Britain, Australia, and probably New Zealand, did a better job than their American counterparts,’ he sighs, ‘but that’s not saying much.’
The Role of Leader in Fostering Village Government Administration in the Hila Village Leihitu Subdistrict Central Maluku Regency Maluku Province
Authors: Selanno Hendry
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the role of leader  in fostering government administration in the Hila Village, Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency. This has an important connection with public service where he role according to Katz and Kahn, Role is a dynamic aspect of status. If someone carries out their rights and obligations according to their position, he / she carries out a role. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in this study were observation and interview techniques. The informants in this study were 8 people consisting of sub-district office staff and village officials. This research data was analyzed by using the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawing or data verification. The results of this study indicated that the role of Leader in fostering village government administration in the Hila village, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency had not been yet maximal based on Government Regulations No. 17 of 2018 concerning the Subdistrict, namely: Through Guidance, Supervision, Consultation and Facilitation. The conclusion, the Leader was less aware of his responsibilities in fostering village government administration. For this reason, it is expected that the Leader of Leihitu must carry out his functions and roles to the maximum extent possible in fostering Village Government Administration in the village Hila village, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency.
Extranjeros y españoles en prisión: comparación de tipologías delictivas y factores de riesgo
Authors: Arbach-Lucioni Karin , Redondo Santiago , Singh Jay P. , Andrés-Pueyo Antonio
Published: February 2020

España es uno delos países europeos con mayorproporción de extranjeros en susprisiones. Este estudio comparadiversas tipologías delictivas ydistintos factores de riesgo, evaluadosa partir del protocolo RisCanviScreening, en una muestra de 5.999internos en prisión, agrupadossegún ocho regiones geográficas deprocedencia. Se obtuvieron modelospredictivos para la delincuenciaviolenta en cada grupo analizado.Una conclusión importante de esteestudio es que las intervencionesrehabilitadoras que se llevan a cabocon los internos en prisión deberíancontemplar la especificidad de losfactores de riesgo asociados a laconducta criminal en cada grupo.
¿Cuándo es demasiado tarde? Determinación de la edad de responsabilidad penal de los menores
Authors: Aizpurúa González Eva , Fernández Molina Esther
Published: February 2020

En contraste con los valoresque orientaron el nacimiento de la justiciajuvenil, las reformas practicadas durantelas últimas décadas han otorgadopreeminencia al delito cometido,relegando la importancia de la madurezen la determinación de la responsabilidadpenal de los menores. Dichasmodificaciones, cuya materializaciónha entrañado una creciente atribuciónde culpabilidad, han sido justificadasaludiendo a las demandas ciudadanas.Por ello, el presente estudio tiene comoobjeto explorar la opinión pública acercade la edad mínima de asunción de laresponsabilidad penal. Los resultadosalcanzados constatan el respaldode la población hacia el tratamientoindiferenciado de los adolescentesmás mayores, mostrando asimismouna opinión ambivalente hacia latransferencia de cuotas de autonomía enlas diversas esferas sociales.
PEMBANGUNAN BENTENG NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO (THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO FORT)
Authors: Jalil Laila Abdul
Published: February 2020

Rempah-rempah menjadi daya tarik utama kedatangan bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara. Cengkih, pala, dan fuli (bagian dalam buah pala yang berwarna merah dengan aroma harum) merupakan jenis rempah yang dicari. Rempah-rempah  yang berasal dari Pulau Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, dan Bacan menjadi komoditas utama yang memiliki nilai tinggi dan diperebutkan oleh bangsa Eropa. Portugis merupakan bangsa Eropa pertama yang berhasil mencapai kepulauan rempah. Setelah menaklukkan Malaka pada tahun 1511, Alburqueque mengirimkan tiga kapal mencari kepulauan rempah. Kedatanganbangsa Portugis ke Maluku menjadi penanda awal hubungan bangsa Eropa dengan Nusantara hingga abad XX. Motivasi kedatangan bangsa Eropa yang didorong dengan semangat gold, gospel, dan glory memicu konflik yang berkepanjangan antara Eropa dan penduduk Maluku. Kedatangan Portugis ke Maluku disambut dengan baik oleh Sultan Ternate, Sultan Bayan  (Abu Lais). Hubungan perdagangan yang baik antara Kesultanan Ternate dengan Portugis mendorong niat Portugis untuk membangun benteng di Ternate. Keinginan Portugis untuk membangun benteng mendapat izin dari Kesultanan Ternate. Tahap awal pengerjaan benteng dimulai pada tahun 1522. Daerah Kastela dipilih sebagai lokasi pembangunan benteng. Benteng ini merupakan benteng Portugis pertama di Nusantara. Selain sebagai pusat untuk perdagangan dan tempat tinggal bangsa Portugis, benteng pertama ini juga menjadi sekolah teologi pertama di Asia Tenggara. Benteng ini diberi nama Sao Joao Bautista atau Nostra Senora del Rosario yang berarti wanita cantik berkalung bunga mawar. Spices had attracted the arrival of Europeans to the archipelago. Cloves, nutmeg, and mace (the inside part of nutmeg which red color and fragrant) were the most wanted spices. The spices originating from the islands of Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, and Bacan became a high value comodity which was contested by Europeans. Portuguese was the first Europeans to reach the spice islands. After conquering Malacca in 1511, Alburqueque sent three ships to discover the spice islands. The arrival of the Portuguese to Moluccas was a sign of the beginning of the relationship between Portugal and Maluku until XX century. Portuguese motivation arriving to Mollucas was driven by enthusiasm gold, gospel, and glory. The arrival of the Portuguese was welcomed by the Sultan of Ternate, Sultan Bayan (Abu Lais). Good trade relations between Portuguese and Ternate encouraged Portuguese intention to build a fort in Ternate. the Portuguese wish to build a fort got permission from the Sultan. In 1522, early of the fort construction began. Kastela area was chosen as the location for the fort construction. It become the first Portuguese fort in the archipelago. Other than as a trading centre and Portuguese residence, the fort was also the first theological school in Southeast Asia. The fort is named of Sao Joao Bautista or Nostra Senora del Rosario which means beautiful women with rose flowers.
CONSTRAINTS TO AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING GOAT PRODUCTIVITY IN TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE
Authors: L. Doloksaribu , Kayana I. G. N. , Dewantari M. , Dewi G. A. M. K.
Published: February 2020

This study was undertaken to establish a database as consideration for improving goat production in TabananRegency. A survey was conducted from April to September 2018 on 38 smallholder goat farmers integrated withcommodity plantations, owning 142 goats. Data were used to measure constraints to, challenges of, and opportunitiesfor improving goat production, through a hybrid method of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats andAnalytic Hierarchy Process analyses. Problem priority faced was the competition between average numbers of 2.0± 0.1 family labourers aged 38.8 ± 2.1 years who cultivated average 0.9 ± 0.1 hectare of commodity plantationsintegrated with flock size of 2.5 ± 0.2 goats per household. Goats were housed in battery systems and fed forage.About 33% farmers had just sold all or portion of their goats due to the busy activity of clove and coffee harvestingin July-September and time consuming for cut and carry forage while commercial concentrates were not given totheir goats. Recommendation taken was to providing Pennisetum purpureum silage as sustainable feed resource forgoats thus improved the nutritious content of feed particularly during dry season where feed was limited or duringharvesting and Bali Hindu ceremonies where family labourer was limited.
ANALISIS KORELASI PERSENTASE BIAYA CHANGE ORDER TERHADAP BOBOT PEKERJAAN PADA DUA PROYEK PERKERASAN JALAN KAKU
Authors: Filemon Ronaldo , Waty Mega
Published: February 2020

Change order often occurs in the world of construction. Change order is work that is added to or deleted from the original scope of work of a contract and approved by the parties involved. The impact from the change order tend to hurts various parties. The scale of change order can be calculate using Change Order Ratio (COR), Change Order Ratio in Addiditon (CORA) dan Change Order Ratio in Substraction (CORS) formulas. This study examine 2 projects. The two projects are rigid road pavement projects. Project 1 cost increase and project 2 cost doesn’t increase or decrease. The output of pearson correlation between CORA and value of work of project 1 and project 2 shows a significant correlation and a strong of a linear relationship. The output of pearson correlation between CORS and value of work of project 1 shows no sign of correlation between the variabels but the output of pearson correlation between CORS and value of work of project 2 shows a significant correlation and a strong of a linear relationship.AbstrakChange order sangat sering terjadi pada dunia konstruksi. Change order adalah pekerjaan yang mengalami perubahan penambahan atau pengurangan pekerjaan dari kontrak awal yang disepakati oleh pihak yang bersangkutan. Dampak dari change order cenderung merugikan berbagai pihak. Besaran change order dapat dihitung dengan rumus Change Order Ratio (COR), Change Order Ratio in Addiditon (CORA) dan Change Order Ratio in Substraction (CORS). Terdapat 2 proyek perkerasan jalan kaku. Proyek 1 mengalami penambahan biaya dan proyek 2 tidak mengalami penambahan atau pengurangan biaya. Hasil korelasi pearson antara CORA dan bobot pekerjaan proyek 1 dan proyek 2 menyatakan korelasi yang signifkan dan hubungan yang kuat. Hasil korelasi pearson antara CORS dan bobot pekerjaan proyek 1 menyatakan tidak ada korelasi antara keduanya tetapi Hasil korelasi pearson antara CORA dan bobot pekerjaan proyek 2 menyatakan korelasi yang signifkan dan hubungan yang kuat