bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harvesting Renewable Resources of Population with Size Structure and Diffusion
Authors: Xie Qiang-Jun , He Ze-Rong , Zhang Chun-Guo
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work is to explore the optimal exploitation way for a biological resources model incorporating individual’s size difference and spatial effects. The existence of a unique nonnegative solution to the state system is shown by means of Banach’s fixed point theorem, and the continuous dependence of the population density with the harvesting effort is given. The optimal harvesting strategy is established via normal cone and adjoint system technique. Some conditions are found to assure that there is only one optimal policy.
Subchondral Bone Plate Thickening Precedes Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Cartilage Degradation in Spontaneous Animal Models of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zamli Zaitunnatakhin , Robson Brown Kate , Tarlton John F. , Adams Mike A. , Torlot Georgina E. , Cartwright Charlie , Cook William A. , Vassilevskaja Kristiina , Sharif Mohammed
Published: June 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder characterised by bone remodelling and cartilage degradation and associated with chondrocyte apoptosis. These processes were investigated at 10, 16, 24, and 30 weeks in Dunkin Hartley (DH) and Bristol Strain 2 (BS2) guinea pigs that develop OA spontaneously. Both strains had a more pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone changes in the medial than the lateral side of the tibia, and between strains, the changes were always greater and faster in DH than BS2. In the medial side, a significant increase of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation was observed in DH between 24 and 30 weeks of age preceded by a progressive thickening and stiffening of subchondral bone plate (Sbp). The Sbp thickness consistently increased over the 30-week study period but the bone mineral density (BMD) of the Sbp gradually decreased after 16 weeks. The absence of these changes in the medial side of BS2 may indicate that the Sbp of DH was undergoing remodelling. Chondrocyte apoptosis was largely confined to the deep zone of articular cartilage and correlated with thickness of the subchondral bone plate suggesting that cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis may be a consequence of continuous bone remodelling during the development of OA in these animal models of OA.
Coordinated Beamforming with Altruistic Precoding and User Selection for MU-MIMO System
Authors: Cui Gaofeng , Dong Yanjie , Wang Weidong , Zhang Yinghai
Published: June 2014

Other cell interference (OCI) degrades the achievable capacity of downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems seriously. Among OCI mitigation schemes, methods that sacrificeξdegrees of freedom to nullify the OCI have been proven to be helpful to improve the cell edge throughput. However, since interference nulling schemes can only improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) ofξusers, they are not optimal in terms of average cell throughput, especially for low to medium OCI levels. We explore the question whether it is better to improve the SINR of every user in other cells rather than benefitξusers. An altruistic precoding method to minimize the sum of generated interference for all of the other cell users is proposed withξdegrees of freedom being sacrificed. With the altruistic precoding method, we deduce the lower bound on the capacity and solve the multicell user selection problem with a local optimal solution in which only eigenvalues of interfering channels are needed to be shared. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms at any OCI level. Furthermore, we also analyze the best choice of degrees of freedom used to mitigate OCI through simulation.
Variational Iteration Transform Method for Fractional Differential Equations with Local Fractional Derivative
Authors: Yang Yong-Ju , Hua Liu-Qing
Published: June 2014

We propose the variational iteration transform method in the sense of local fractional derivative, which is derived from the coupling method of local fractional variational iteration method and differential transform method. The method reduces the integral calculation of the usual variational iteration computations to more easily handled differential operation. And the technique is more orderly and easier to analyze computing result as compared with the local fractional variational iteration method. Some examples are illustrated to show the feature of the presented technique.
Biomedical Properties of a Natural Dietary Plant Metabolite, Zerumbone, in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials
Authors: Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Rasedee Abdullah , Yeap Swee Keong , Othman Hemn Hassan , Chartrand Max Stanley , Namvar Farideh , Abdul Ahmad Bustamam , How Chee Wun
Published: June 2014

Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed today. The compound derived from several plant species of the Zingiberaceae family that has been found to possess multiple biomedical properties, such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, evidence of efficacy is sparse, pointing to the need for a more systematic review for assessing scientific evidence to support therapeutic claims made for ZER and to identify future research needs. This review provides an updated overview of in vitro and in vivo investigations of ZER, its cancer chemopreventive properties, and mechanisms of action. Therapeutic effects of ZER were found to be scientifically plausible and could be explained partially by in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities. Much of the research outlined in this paper will serve as a foundation to explain ZER anticancer bioactivity, which will open the door for the development of strategies in the treatment of malignancies using ZER.
Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness
Authors: Mashaan Nuha Salim , Karim Mohamed Rehan , Abdel Aziz Mahrez , Ibrahim Mohd Rasdan , Katman Herda Yati , Koting Suhana
Published: June 2014

Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test), dynamic creep (repeated load creep), and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test) at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa). Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.
Targeting 4-1BB Costimulation to the Tumor Stroma with Bispecific Aptamer Conjugates Enhances the Therapeutic Index of Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Schrand Brett , Berezhnoy Alexey , Brenneman Randall , Williams Anthony , Levay Agata , Kong Ling-Yuan , Rao Ganesh , Zhou Shouhao , Heimberger Amy B. , Gilboa Eli
Published: June 2014

Despite the recent successes of using immune modulatory Abs in patients with cancer, autoimmune pathologies resulting from the activation of self-reactive T cells preclude the dose escalations necessary to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. To reduce the observed and expected toxicities associated with immune modulation, here we describe a clinically feasible and broadly applicable approach to limit immune costimulation to the disseminated tumor lesions of the patient, whereby an agonistic 4-1BB oligonucleotide aptamer is targeted to the tumor stroma by conjugation to an aptamer that binds to a broadly expressed stromal product, VEGF. This approach was predicated on the premise that by targeting the costimulatory ligands to products secreted into the tumor stroma, the T cells will be costimulated before their engagement of the MHC–peptide complex on the tumor cell, thereby obviating the need to target the costimulatory ligands to noninternalizing cell surface products expressed on the tumor cells. Underscoring the potency of stroma-targeted costimulation and the broad spectrum of tumors secreting VEGF, in preclinical murine tumor models, systemic administration of the VEGF-targeted 4-1BB aptamer conjugates engendered potent antitumor immunity against multiple unrelated tumors in subcutaneous, postsurgical lung metastasis, methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma, and oncogene-induced autochthonous glioma models, and exhibited a superior therapeutic index compared with nontargeted administration of an agonistic 4-1BB Ab or 4-1BB aptamer. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(9); 867–77. ©2014 AACR.
Carmustine (BCNU) plus Teniposide (VM26) in Recurrent Malignant Glioma
Authors: Mack Frederic , Schäfer Niklas , Kebir Sied , Stuplich Moritz , Schaub Christina , Niessen Michael , Scheffler Björn , Herrlinger Ulrich , Glas Martin
Published: June 2014

Background: After the failure of radiotherapy and temozolomide, there is no established standard therapy for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Based on the promising data of a previous trial (NOA-01) for primary GBM and some retrospective case series for GBM recurrence, the combination of nimustine and teniposide (VM26) was commonly used in this setting. When nimustine was no longer available in Europe, we switched to intrvaveneous carmustine (BCNU). Data on the toxicity and efficacy of BCNU and VM26 in recurrent GBM are lacking. Methods: In our neurooncological center, all patients with recurrent GBM or with progressed glioma and a typical MRI lesion suggesting GBM treated with BCNU (130-150 mg/m2, day 1/42) and VM26 (45-60 mg/m2, days 1-3/42) were analyzed retrospectively for progression-free survival, overall survival and toxicity. Results: Fifteen patients (median age 52 years) were identified. Median progression-free survival was 2 months and median overall survival was 4 months. Two patients (14%) developed grade 3/4 hematotoxicity. Nonhematological toxicity ≥grade 3 was not observed. Conclusion: Our data do not support the application of BCNU/VM26 in patients with late stages of recurrent GBM.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Soluble Receptors-1 and -2 in Iris Neovascularization and Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Noma Hidetaka , Mimura Tatsuya , Yasuda Kanako , Shimura Masahiko
Published: June 2014

Concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and soluble VEGF receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 27 proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients who had iris neovascularization (INV) with or without neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The 27 eyes were divided into two groups, consisting of INV without elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP; INV group) and INV with elevated IOP (NVG group). Ten patients with an idiopathic macular hole were used as the controls. The vitreous levels of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 showed a significant increase across the three groups. In the INV and NVG groups, the vitreous level of VEGF showed a significant correlation with the levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2. There was also a significant correlation between the vitreous levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2. These results suggest that the vitreous levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 are dependent on VEGF in patients who have INV with or without NVG.
Toric Topographically Customized Transepithelial, Pulsed, Very High-Fluence, Higher Energy and Higher Riboflavin Concentration Collagen Cross-Linking in Keratoconus
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Dupps William J. , Seven Ibrahim , Asimellis George
Published: June 2014

Purpose: To report a novel application of toric topographically customized transepithelial collagen cross-linking (CXL) aiming to achieve refractive astigmatic changes in a keratoconic cornea. Methods: Specially formulated riboflavin transepithelial administration and delivery of high-fluence UVA in a topographically customized pattern was applied in an eye with progressive keratoconus. Visual acuity, cornea clarity, keratometry, topography, and pachymetry with a multitude of modalities, as well as endothelial cell counts were evaluated for >6 months. Results: Uncorrected distance visual acuity changed from preoperative 20/40 to 20/25 at 6 months. A mean astigmatic reduction of 0.8 D, and significant cornea surface normalization was achieved 6 months postoperatively. There was some mild change in the epithelial distribution, with the treated area having a slight normalization in the average epithelial thickness. Conclusions: We introduce herein the novel application of a topographically customizable transepithelial CXL in progressive keratoconus in order to achieve an astigmatic refractive effect and ectasia stabilization. This novel technique offers a nonablative and nonincisional approach to treat irregular astigmatism in ectatic cornea with rapid visual rehabilitation.
Green Tea Extract Inhibition of Human Leiomyoma Cell Proliferation Is Mediated via Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
Authors: Zhang Dong , Rajaratnam Veera , Al-Hendy Omar , Halder Sunil , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: June 2014

Background/Aims: To investigate the inhibitory effect of green tea extract, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on wild-type human leiomyoma (WT-HuLM) cells and its potential action via catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. Methods: Cell proliferation of WT-HuLM and COMT gene-silenced HuLM (COMT-shRNA-HuLM) cells treated with 0 or 100 µM EGCG for 7 days was measured using the MTT method. Total RNA and protein were extracted from cells treated with 0 or 100 µM of EGCG for 48 h. Gene expression profiling was performed using Human Signal Transduction PathwayFinder. Proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and COMT protein levels were detected by Western blot analyses. COMT enzyme activity was evaluated by HPLC. Results: EGCG-treated WT-HuLM cells showed significantly decreased COMT expression (p < 0.001) and enzyme activity (p < 0.05) compared to untreated WT-HuLM cells, while COMT-shRNA-HuLM cells showed no significant change. At 100 μM of EGCG, survival of WT-HuLM cells was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to COMT-shRNA-HuLM cells. EGCG treatment modulated multiple signaling pathways in WT-HuLM compared to untreated control, while changes were minimal or reversed in COMT-shRNA-HuLM cells. EGCG significantly decreased PCNA, Cdk4 and soluble COMT protein levels (p < 0.001) in WT-HuLM, but not in COMT-shRNA-HuLM cells. Conclusions: The antiproliferative and gene-modulating effects of EGCG on HuLM cells are mediated, at least partially, via its effect on COMT expression and enzyme activity.
Efficacy of Melissa officinalis in Suppressing Ventricular Arrhythmias following Ischemia-Reperfusion of the Heart: A Comparison with Amiodarone
Authors: Joukar Siyavash , Zarisfi Zahra , Sepehri Gholamreza , Bashiri Alireza
Published: June 2014

Objective: We aimed to assess the influence of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), a well-known herbal drug with numerous applications in traditional and modern medicine, on cardiac conduction and susceptibility to lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Materials and Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (CTL), an M. officinalis group that received the aqueous extract of M. officinalis L. intraperitoneally (i.p.) at dosages of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml/kg, respectively, and an amiodarone group (Amio group) that received 30 mg/ml/kg i.p. of amiodarone. Heart ischemia/reperfusion was induced by the ligation and release of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups in the basal heart rate and blood pressure. PR, corrected QT (QTc) and QRS intervals increased in the M. officinalis and Amio groups. PR and QTc were statistically significant only in the Amio group and QRS was significant only in the group receiving 400 mg of M. officinalis (M400 group) in comparison with the CTL group. During the reperfusion period, the decrease in ventricular fibrillations was statistically significant in all groups (except the M400 group) when compared with the CTL group. The score of arrhythmia severity also decreased, but was statistically significant only in the Amio group (p < 0.05 vs. CTL group). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that M. ofﬁcinalis extract has a mild protective effect against reperfusion-induced lethal ventricular arrhythmias in rats.
Sildenafil Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovary: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Celik Muhammet , Aksoy Ayse Nur , Aksoy Hülya , Aksoy Yılmaz , Halici Zekai
Published: June 2014

Background/Aims: To evaluate the effects of sildenafil on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in ovarian tissue after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model. Methods: A total of 18 adult female Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were studied as follows: (1) control group: sham operation, (2) I/R group: 3 h of reperfusion after 3 h of ischemia and (3) I/R + sildenafil group: 3 h of reperfusion after 3 h of ischemia; half an hour before reperfusion, sildenafil (1.4 mg·kg-1) was given by oral gavage. At the end of the reperfusion periods, the ovarian tissues were removed for histopathological examination and to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Results: The I/R group had higher ovarian tissue MDA levels than the control group and the IR + sildenafil group (p = 0.016 and p = 0.044, respectively). MPO activity was lower in the IR + sildenafil group compared with the I/R group (p = 0.022). SOD activity was lower in the I/R group compared with the control group and the I/R + sildenafil group (p = 0.030 and p = 0.015, respectively). The I/R + sildenafil group had improved histological appearance which was not different to the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The biochemical and histopathological results of this experimental study demonstrated that I/R injury in the ovary is ameliorated by sildenafil treatment.
Successful Chemotherapy with Nab-Paclitaxel in a Heavily Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Ishihara Mikiko , Igawa Satoshi , Maki Sachiyo , Harada Shinya , Kusuhara Seiichiro , Niwa Hideyuki , Otani Sakiko , Sasaki Jiichiro , Jiang Shi-Xu , Masuda Noriyuki
Published: June 2014

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of all lung cancers. A 69-year-old female with postoperatively recurrent NSCLC was treated weekly with nanoparticle-albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) monotherapy every 4 weeks as a tenth line chemotherapy, and stable disease was achieved by seven cycles of this regimen. The patient developed grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 leukopenia, but none of the other toxicities, including febrile neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy, were severe, and thus she was able to tolerate this salvage chemotherapy. To our knowledge this is the first report of the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel monotherapy in a heavily treated NSCLC patient.
Lewis Morgan: 140 anos dos Sistemas de Consanguinidade e Afinidade da Família Humana (1871-2011)
Authors: Almeida Mauro William Barbosa de
Published: June 2014

Lewis Henry Morgan costuma seragrupado com McLennan, Lubbock e Tylor comoum dos evolucionistas de gabinete cuja obra é men-cionada no início de cursos de antropologia, mascuja leitura não é recomendada. Na verdade, Mor-gan foi um pioneiro da pesquisa de campo, cujo pri-meiro projeto teórico foi provar a unidade humanae a origem asiática dos povos ameríndios, utilizandopara isso um método que pode legitimamente serchamado de estrutural. O evolucionismo de Mor-gan, ou o que ele chamou de “explicação conjetu-ral” da diversidade de terminologias de parentescopor meio de uma sequência progressiva de formasde família, foi um adendo à sua monumental obraSistemas de Consanguinidade e de Afinidade na Fa-mília Humana, publicada em 1871. A “explicaçãoconjetural” é o foco central de sua obra mais conhe-cida que é A Sociedade Antiga, publicada em 1877.Mas, ainda que esta segunda obra não tivesse sidopublicada, Morgan mereceria o reconhecimento deter sido o criador do objeto “sistema de parentesco”,de ter criado um método para estudá-lo, e de terrealizado um esforço de pesquisa comparativa semigual até os dias de hoje. Lewis Morgan foi aindaum pioneiro na pesquisa de sistemas políticos, daarquitetura e da comensalidade de indígenas ame-ríndios, além de ter sido um naturalista que defen-deu os seres “mudos”, a quem atribuiu inteligênciaigual em sua natureza à dos seres dotados de fala.
Drogas e cultura: novas perspectivas
Authors: Paiva Vinicius Schwochow
Published: June 2014

LABATE, Beatriz C. et. al. (Orgs). Drogas e cultura: novas perspectivas. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2008. 440p.A coletânea Drogas e Cultura: novas perspec-tivas, organizada por Beatriz C. Labate, San-dra Goulart, Maurício Fiore, Edward MacRaee Henrique Carneiro, apresenta-se como ummanifesto do Núcleo de Estudos Interdiscipli-nares sobre Psicoativos (NEIP) e oferece umaimportante contribuição para os pesquisadorese estudantes interessados na temática das “dro-gas” – tema com raras incursões intelectuaisque a tratem sem preconceito – onde a perce-bem como um fenômeno complexo, multidi-mensional e que necessita de uma abordagemmultidisciplinar.
Candomblé
Authors: Bortoleto Milton José
Published: June 2014

MEDEIROS, José. Candomblé. São Paulo, Insituto Moreira Salles, 2009, 110 pp.O contexto do livro de fotografias, Can-domblé, de José Medeiros começa seis anos an-tes de sua primeira edição no distante ano de1951, momento em que a revista francesa ParisMatch levou às suas páginas certa matéria jor-nalística com farto material fotográfico realiza-do por Henri-George Clouzot, intitulada “LesPossédées de Bahia” (As Possuídas da Bahia)apresentando em suas linhas claro caráter pre-conceituoso contra o candomblé1, polêmicaque não tardou para que intelectuais como Ro-ger Bastide realizassem severas críticas.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Authors: UFSCAR PPGAS -
Published: June 2014

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antro-pologia Social da Universidade Federal de SãoCarlos (PPGAS-UFSCar) foi recomendadopela CAPES em outubro de 2006 e está ematividade desde o primeiro semestre de 2007(curso de mestrado, com doutorado iniciadoem 2009). Procura atender tanto à demandapor uma formação discente e profissionalizantemais específica e adequada às linhas de pesqui-sa desenvolvidas, quanto fortalecer a crescenteexpansão das atividades de ensino, pesquisa eextensão dos docentes da área em um proje-to acadêmico que lhe seja próprio e reúna ascondições acadêmicas e institucionais para asua maior consolidação e autonomia. De acor-do com a formação e a especialização do corpodocente, seis linhas de pesquisa se desdobramna área de concentração do PPGAS. São elas:Antropologia da Saúde, do Esporte e Corpora-lidade; Antropologia da Política, da Violência edo Estado; Deslocamentos, Memória e Territo-rialidades; Antropologia: Questões Interdisci-plinares, Teóricas e Metodológicas; Etnologia:Conhecimentos Indígenas e Interculturalidadee Antropologia Urbana.
Os Escritos de Uma "Conquista": a educação escolar indígena
Authors: Kahn Marina
Published: June 2014

Loretta Emiri e Ruth Monserrat (Org.) - OPAN: A Conquista da Escrita. São Paulo, Editora Iluminuras, 1989, 258 páginas.
Loucas, Agitadas, Doentes, ou Perigosas: representação e cotidiano das internas do Hospital de Juqueri
Authors: Redko Cristina Pozzi
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa as representações e o cotidiano das internas do Hospital de Juqueri e suas relações com a Instituição.
Duas Mulheres Negras: histórias de religiosidade popular e resistência
Authors: Valente Ana Lúcia E. P. , Gusmão Neusa Maria Mendes
Published: June 2014

A história de duas comunidades negras contemporãneas revelam que as diferenças culturais se transformaram a partir da escravidão, dando origem as diversas formas de existir enquanto grupo negro.Nos dois casos, a tradição e a memória da prática religiosa católica, no culto de São benedito, revelam-se como um movimento qe repõe a história comum partilhada, permitindo a preservação do espaço físico e social. Ao memso tempo revela-se aí, numa prática de "brancos", um universonegro singular e resistente.Nos exemplos analisados, coloca-se a questão do que é ser negro fora da áfrica; discute-se o papel dos processos culturais que transformam e são transformados através do tempo, e dimensiona-se qualitativamente a questão da cor e da raça na diáspora.
Ex-Escrava proprietária de Escrava: um caso de sevícia na Bahia do século XIX
Authors: Santos Jocélio Teles dos
Published: June 2014

A partir do caso da ex-escrava Maria Joaquina de Santana, acusada pela justiça baiana de serviciar a sua escrava Rosa, o autor procura extrair elementos que colaborem para a discussão desta caracterítica do sistema escravita brasileiro: ex-escravos terem sido dodnos de escravos.
Estilos de desarrollo sustentable en el norte de Misiones
Authors: Gomez Raimundo Elías , Ferrero Brian German
Published: June 2014

Este trabajo realiza un acercamiento a la esfera de la conservación y el desarrollo sustentable en el norte de Misiones. El eje central son los modos en que agencias ambientalistas encaran proyecciones e intervenciones conservacionistas em zonas de amortiguamiento de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Al principio se esboza una caracterización de los departamentos de Iguazú y General Manuel Belgrano, así como de los inicios de la conformación de una gobernanza medioambiental. Luego se describen los principales proyectos de conservación y desarrollo sustentable estimulados por JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), y por AECID (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo). De manera concreta, las características principales del “Proyecto Cabureí” (JICA) así como de los proyectos producidos por Araucaria XXI (AECID). Hacia el .nal, se exponen consideraciones sobre problemáticas recorrentes que reúnen a poblaciones locales y agencias ambientalistas.
Roteiro sentimental para o trabalho de campo
Authors: Pires Flávia Ferreira
Published: June 2014

Este pequeno texto foi concebido as voltas da primeira ida a campo de um grupo de jovens pesquisadores, quatro estudantes do curso de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), colaboradores, através de bolsas PIBIC e PIVIC, de um projeto de pesquisa sobre os impactos de políticas públicas na vida familiar sertaneja. Ele foi pensado como um roteiro sentimental, no qual, a professora que os acompanharia, tecia alguns comentários ditos como pertinentes para o bom andamento do trabalho de campo, cuja duração seria de sete dias. O tom do texto é pessoal e dialógico. Dialoga, prioritariamente, com este grupo de neófitos, e curiosamente, reivindica Marcel Mauss – o antropólogo que praticamente nunca foi a campo -, como interlocutor privilegiado.
Apresentação à entrevista com Jeanne Favre-Saada
Authors: Melo Melissa Moura , Poglia Marco Antonio Sarreta
Published: June 2014

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Schechner, teatro e antropologia
Authors: Dawsey John Cowart
Published: June 2014

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Complexidades strathernianas
Authors: Sztutman Renato
Published: June 2014

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Músicas afrocolombianas: entre la espiritualidad y la critica social
Authors: Moreno Tovar Lina Del Mar
Published: June 2014

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Deus é feiticeiro: prática e disputa nas missões católicas em Angola colonial
Authors: Fernandes Janaína Ferreira
Published: June 2014

DULLEY, Iracema. Deus é feiticeiro: prática e disputa nas missões católicas em Angola colonial. São Paulo: Annablume, 2010. 156 p.
Angola, nascimento de uma nação: um estudo sobre a construção de identidade nacional
Authors: Cunha Daniel de Oliveira
Published: June 2014

SERRANO, Carlos. Angola, nascimento de uma nação: um estudo sobre a construção de identidade nacional. Luanda: Edições Kilombelembe, 2009. 377 p.
Centro de Estudos Ameríndios da USP – CEstA
Authors: CEstA Centro de Estudos Ameríndios da USP
Published: June 2014

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Laboratório de Antropologia dos Processos de Formação – Lapf
Authors: Lapf Laboratório de Antropologia dos Process
Published: June 2014

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Mato que vira mar, mar que vira mato: o território em movimento na vila de pescadores da Barra de Ararapira (Ilha do Superagüi, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná)
Authors: Bazzo Juliane
Published: June 2014

Situada na Ilha do Superagüi, Estado do Paraná (Brasil), a vila de pescadores de Barra de Ararapira abrange um território em permanente mudança. Um processo erosivo natural – originado na chamada barra – impõe a seus habitantes a necessidade de transferência periódica de construções em terra e rotas de pesca. Em 1997, quando da ampliação do Parque Nacional do Superagüi, Barra deArarapira foi incluída no interior dessa unidade de conservação, cujos limites são dados por oordenadas xas que pouco combinam com a mobilidade do território do vilarejo. Ocorre assim o choque entre duas racionalidades distintas: de um lado, um grupo de forte vínculo com seu lugar graças ao exercício constante da memória; de outro, uma política pública na qual parques nacionais são espaços de proteção integral, onde a ação humana é vetada para assegurar o futuro do planeta.
O tabu do incesto e a bioantropologia
Authors: Wencenlau José Francisco Carminatti , Strauss André
Published: June 2014

O debate acerca do tabu do incesto tem sido amplamente discutido até mesmo antes da fundação da antropologia como disciplina. Porém, foi nessa área do conhecimento que o tema adquiriu atenção acentuada, em especial após a publicação do renomado trabalho de Claude Lévi--Strauss, As estruturas elementares do parentesco, em 1949. Grande parte das escolas de ciências sociais brasileiras toma o assunto como encerrado por esse autor, contudo, isso está longe de ser verdade. Neste artigo procuramos reacender o debate com o estruturalismo lévi-straussiano e a sua principal teoria a respeito da proibição do incesto – a teoria da aliança– através do levantamento de diversos estudos que de algum modo dialoguem com a obra desse autor. Deste modo, com especial auxílio dos trabalhos de fronteira entre a biologia e a antropologia – que muitas vezes não chegam ao contato dos cientistas sociais – desejamos reavivar essa reflexão no circulo acadêmico brasileiro.
Abrir no Mundo, Rasgando o Trecho: Mobilidade Popular, Família e Grandes Projetos de Desenvolvimento
Authors: Dumans Guedes André
Published: June 2014

A partir de uma pesquisa realizada no extremo norte do estado de Goias, busco discutir alguns aspectos da vida de pessoas que rodam o trecho, circulando por diversas areas do centro-norte do pais em virtude do garimpo ou do trabalho itinerante para firmas ligadas a grandes projetos de desenvolvimento. Meu foco aqui reside na discussao das implicações dessa forma particular de mobilidade sobre relacoes de cunho sexual, amoroso e familiar. Busco entao extrair algumas consequencias do ponto de vista nativo a respeito de tais experiencias, argumentando que através delas e possivel ter acesso a elementos centrais da sociologia e cosmologia do grupo em questao. Ao mesmo tempo, procuro sugerir como as praticas e ideias associadas ao trecho articulam de maneira complexa continuidades e mudancas, uma tradicional “cultura da andanca” sertaneja persistindo e transformando-se diante da proliferacao de grandes projetos “modernos” de desenvolvimento economico.
De skate pela cidade: quando o importante é (não) competir
Authors: Machado Giancarlo Marques Carraro
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa como certos skatistas relacionam suas praticas citadinas as praticas de cidadania a que estao sujeitos (e que buscam ressignificar) na cidade de Sao Paulo. O skate pode ser considerado uma das praticas esportivas que mais adquiriu visibilidade nos ultimos tempos. Apesar de toda a popularidade adquirida, o skate também e motivo de polemicas por conta dos dissabores oriundos de sua pratica em locais tidos como “inapropriados. Essa e outras atitudes tem motivado intensos debates em Sao Paulo, levando muitos agentes ligados ao poder publico a elaborar certas acoes que visem disciplinar a pratica do skate feita nas ruas. Uma dessas acoes e o Circuito Sampa Skate, cuja formatacao e mediacoes estabelecidas para sua realizacao podem ser vistas como uma forma de resposta do campo das politicas publicas a intensa propagacao da modalidade street skate na cidade.
V Kipupa Malunguinho da Jurema Sagrada
Authors: Stoeckli Pires Pedro
Published: June 2014

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Sobre o Convênio Acadêmico Internacional entre o Departamento de Antropologia Social e Cultural da Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (DASC-UAB) e o Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de São Paulo (DA-USP)
Authors: Silva Marcio Ferreira da
Published: June 2014

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Materialidad y subjetividad del trabajo: apuntes preliminares sobre los call centers en Chile
Authors: Salazar Areli Escobar
Published: June 2014

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nominata dos pareceristas
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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Trabajo y salud en los años de la reestructuración productiva. El caso de los trabajadores de la ex Propulsora Siderúrgica, Ensenada, Buenos Aires
Authors: Esponda María Alejandra
Published: June 2014

En este articulo analizamos las construcciones de los trabajadores respecto de su cuerpo, salud, enfermedades y accidentes laborales en relacion con el trabajo, el lugar y las condiciones de trabajo en una gran empresa siderurgica en el marco de la restructuracion productiva. Vamos a analizar como estan atravesadas por dos cuestiones principales, ambas marcadas por contradicciones y ambivalencias: por un lado lo que atane al trabajo como actividad vital y constitutiva del sujeto, que compromete su corporalidad y lo valoriza en tanto trabajador; y por otro lado el trabajo como relación politica entre obreros, delegados fabriles, patrones y sindicato, que expresa luchas de poder en el lugar de trabajo. Ambas cuestiones complejizan la manera en que los trabajadores conciben su propia salud y su cuerpo, comprensible en tanto la consideremos como experiencia historica, economico-politica, ideologica y cultural amplia.
Los rastros de una búsqueda: un archivo documental en Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo
Authors: Regueiro Sabina A.
Published: June 2014

A partir de una investigacion elaborada en torno a un archivo de la asociacion Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, este articulo realiza una reflexión teorico-metodologica sobre el uso de “fuentes”documentales en el trabajo de campo antropologico. Partiendo de la revision de puntos de contacto entre antropologia e historia, se indagan distintas mediaciones analiticas que llevan a la construcción del “dato” etnografico/historico. Por un lado, se analiza el impacto del diseno del objeto de investigación y de la estrategia metodologica en este proceso. Por otro, se estudian los documentos en tanto huellas de las practicas sociales, considerando la especificidad de las personas, grupos e instituciones que los producen y los archivos que los administran en determinados contextos historico-politicos, especialmente durante la ultima dictadura militar argentina. De esta manera, se senalan problemas epistemologicos en torno a la veracidad, objetividad, fiabilidad y autenticidad de diversos documentos, burocraticos, judiciales, periodisticos, etc.
Jogando pelas beiradas: Sobre o vivido de meninos e homens num estádio de futebol em Catingueira – PB
Authors: Silva Antonio Luiz da
Published: June 2014

Este artigo descreve algumas cenas do cotidiano de meninos e de homens dentro e ao redor de um campo de futebol em Catingueira - PB. Nele, chamo a atenção para o estádio enquanto importante palco para a encenação do vivido; em seguida, aponto o futebol como espaço político de ocupação social; depois, enfatizo a paixão pelo futebol municipal, indicando-o como elemento que reproduz uma preferência nacional; adiante, mostro o campo como vitrine para revelação dos talentos, apresentando a crença catingueirense no dom nato ao futebol; dando continuidade, antes de reafirmar numa palavra final alguns achados do percurso, narrarei um pouco da organização dos meninos para uma pequena partida de futebol pelas beiradas do gramado.
Antropologia e/da Educação no Brasil: Entrevista com Neusa Gusmão
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: June 2014

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Vanguarda conservadora
Authors: Schechner Richard
Published: June 2014

traduzido deSCHECHNER, Richard. The Conservative Avantgarde. Este paper foi apresentado no Departamento de Antropologia da USP, em São Paulo, em junho de 2012.tradução: Diana Paola Gómez MateusUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasilrevisão técnica: John C. DawseyUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
A Lei Maria da Penha e os atendimentos multidisciplinares: os sentidos de uma proposta diferente no Fórum do Núcleo Bandeirante, Distrito Federal
Authors: Correa Ranna Mirthes Sousa
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o tratamento dado aos casos no Fórum do Núcleo Bandeirante no Distrito Federal, que utiliza um modelo diferente de primeiro atendimento às partes a partir da utilização de uma equipe multidisciplinar composta por profissionais de Direito, Psicologia e Assistência Social. Destaca-se a tentativa de entender quais são os diferentes sentidos assumidos pelos atendimentos, seja judicial ou terapêutico, e que elementos operam na construção e transformação desses sentidos no decorrer do processo na justiça, em busca de efetiva resolução do conflito. A presença dos psicólogos e assistentes sociais abre um espaço de enunciação mais claro e aberto sobre as situações que envolvem o conflito, funcionando com uma finalidade terapêutica, trazendo à tona elementos capazes de ajudar na resolução do conflito em sua origem.
Smooth Muscle Specific Rac1 Deficiency Induces Hypertension by Preventing p116
RIP
3
‐Dependent RhoA Inhibition
Authors: André Gwennan , Sandoval Juan E. , Retailleau Kevin , Loufrani Laurent , Toumaniantz Gilles , Offermanns Stefan , Rolli‐Derkinderen Malvyne , Loirand Gervaise , Sauzeau Vincent
Published: June 2014

Background

Increasing evidence implicates overactivation of RhoA as a critical component of the pathogenesis of hypertension. Although a substantial body of work has established that Rac1 functions antagonize RhoA in a broad range of physiological processes, the role of Rac1 in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure is not fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

To define the role of Rac1 in vivo in vascular smooth muscle cells (
vSMC
), we generated smooth muscle (SM)‐specific Rac1 knockout mice (SM‐Rac1‐KO) and performed radiotelemetric blood pressure recordings, contraction measurements in arterial rings,
vSMC
cultures and biochemical analyses. SM‐Rac1‐KO mice develop high systolic blood pressure sensitive to Rho kinase inhibition by fasudil. Arteries from SM‐Rac1‐KO mice are characterized by a defective NO‐dependent vasodilation and an overactivation of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling. We provide evidence that Rac1 deletion‐induced hypertension is due to an alteration of
cGMP
signaling resulting from the loss of Rac1‐mediated control of type 5 PDE activity. Consequently,
cGMP
‐dependent phosphorylation and binding of RhoA with its inhibitory partner, the phosphatase‐RhoA interacting protein (p116
RIP3
), are decreased.

Conclusions

Our data reveal that the depletion of Rac1 in SMC decreases
cGMP
‐dependent p116
RIP3
/RhoA interaction and the subsequent inhibition of RhoA signaling. Thus, we unveil an in vivo role of Rac1 in arterial blood pressure regulation and a new pathway involving p116
RIP3
that contributes to the antagonistic relationship between Rac1 and RhoA in vascular smooth muscle cells and their opposite roles in arterial tone and blood pressure.
Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy Mediates Carnosine Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Damage
Authors: Baek Seung-Hoon , Noh Ah Reum , Kim Kyeong-A. , Akram Muhammad , Shin Young-Jun , Kim Eun-Sun , Yu Seong Woon , Majid Arshad , Bae Ok-Nam
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

Despite the rapidly increasing global burden of ischemic stroke, no therapeutic options for neuroprotection against stroke currently exist. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays a key role in ischemic neuronal death, and treatments that target autophagy may represent a novel strategy in neuroprotection. We investigated whether autophagy is regulated by carnosine, an endogenous pleiotropic dipeptide that has robust neuroprotective activity against ischemic brain damage.

Methods—

We examined the effect of carnosine on mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic processes in rat focal ischemia and in neuronal cultures.

Results—

Autophagic pathways such as reduction of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K and the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II were enhanced in the ischemic brain. However, treatment with carnosine significantly attenuated autophagic signaling in the ischemic brain, with improvement of brain mitochondrial function and mitophagy signaling. The protective effect of carnosine against autophagy was also confirmed in primary cortical neurons.

Conclusions—

Taken together, our data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of carnosine is at least partially mediated by mitochondrial protection and attenuation of deleterious autophagic processes. Our findings shed new light on the mechanistic pathways that this exciting neuroprotective agent influences.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Distinct Molecular Signatures Associated With the Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Nakaoka Hirofumi , Tajima Atsushi , Yoneyama Taku , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Mizutani Tohru , Inoue Ituro
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

The rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA) causes subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with high morbidity and mortality. We compared gene expression profiles in aneurysmal domes between unruptured IAs and ruptured IAs (RIAs) to elucidate biological mechanisms predisposing to the rupture of IA.

Methods—

We determined gene expression levels of 8 RIAs, 5 unruptured IAs, and 10 superficial temporal arteries with the Agilent microarrays. To explore biological heterogeneity of IAs, we classified the samples into subgroups showing similar gene expression patterns, using clustering methods.

Results—

The clustering analysis identified 4 groups: superficial temporal arteries and unruptured IAs were aggregated into their own clusters, whereas RIAs segregated into 2 distinct subgroups (early and late RIAs). Comparing gene expression levels between early RIAs and unruptured IAs, we identified 430 upregulated and 617 downregulated genes in early RIAs. The upregulated genes were associated with inflammatory and immune responses and phagocytosis including S100/calgranulin genes (
S100A8
,
S100A9
, and
S100A12
). The downregulated genes suggest mechanical weakness of aneurysm walls. The expressions of Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (
KLF2
,
KLF12
, and
KLF15
), which were anti-inflammatory regulators, and
CDKN2A
, which was located on chromosome 9p21 that was the most consistently replicated locus in genome-wide association studies of IA, were also downregulated.

Conclusions—

We demonstrate that gene expression patterns of RIAs were different according to the age of patients. The results suggest that macrophage-mediated inflammation is a key biological pathway for IA rupture. The identified genes can be good candidates for molecular markers of rupture-prone IAs and therapeutic targets.
Taxonomic novelties in Neotropical Chrysobalanaceae: towards a monophyletic Couepia
Authors: Sothers Cynthia , Prance Ghillean , Buerki Sven , De Kok Rogier , Chase Mark
Published: June 2014

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies in Chrysobalanaceae as well as new analyses presented in this study cast doubt on the monophyly of the three largest genera in the family, Couepia, Hirtella and Licania. Couepia, a Neotropical genus, had species appearing in four separate clades, the majority of species sequenced, however, form a highly supported clade, referred to here as core Couepia (including the type species). These results lend support to a revised taxonomy of the genus, and to resolve Couepia as monophyletic the following taxonomic changes are here proposed: Couepia recurva should be transferred to Hirtella, C. platycalyx transferred to Licania, C. longipendula and C. dolichopoda transferred to Acioa, and a new genus, Gaulettia, is proposed to accommodate species of the Gaulettia clade and allies.
Effect of Strabismus Surgery on the Reading Ability of School-Age Children
Authors: Ridha Faisal , Sarac Sibel , Erzurum Sergul A.
Published: June 2014

Aim. To evaluate if strabismus surgery on children between the ages 5 and 14 years leads to an improvement in reading ability by comparing reading performance of patients before and after surgery. Methods. Pre- and postoperatively, the visual acuity, ocular alignment, and stereoacuity of 15 children with horizontal strabismus was recorded. The “3-Minute Reading Assessments: Word Recognition, Fluency, and Comprehension” for the appropriate age-group were used to assess children between the ages of 5 and 14 years. Thirteen of the 15 children presented with esotropic deviation, and the remaining 2 were exotropic. Results. Postoperatively, 12 patients were orthophoric and 3 had significant residual esotropia. The 15 patients had an average improvement in reading speed (10.3 words per minute), accuracy (4%), and fluency (2 points). For the 12 orthophoric patients, reading speed increased by 12.2 ( P = .003), accuracy by 3% ( P = .064), and fluency by 1.33 ( P = .006). Conclusion. Corrective strabismus surgery in school-age children showed an early improvement in reading ability that could translate into better academic performance. Our results suggest that reading ability could be an important factor when considering corrective surgery for children with strabismus.
“Africa is our Fatherland”: The Black Atlantic, Globalization, and Modern African Christianity
Authors: Hanciles Jehu J.
Published: June 2014

This essay makes the case that in the nineteenth century extensive migration and interactions among Africans in the black Atlantic world provided strong impetus for the growth of African Christianity. The relocation of huge segments of the African population (to regions of Western Europe and the Americas bordering the Atlantic) represented a major strand of globalization processes. This development was no less significant than the intercontinental economic system that produced unprecedented African dispersion in the first place. European aid and agency certainly played a crucial role in unfolding developments, reaching a crescendo in the late nineteenth century. But the transfer of people and ideas from the African diaspora, as well as the initiatives triggered by indigenous African responses, produced alternative and sometimes countervailing movements of extraordinary impact. These proved decisive for the spread of Christianity in Africa and beyond. As a symbol of massive migrations and transnational connections, the black Atlantic exemplifies the global–local interactions and the multidirectional processes that mark the worldwide expansion of the Christian faith.