bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study on the Perception of Fatherhood
Authors: Gurkan Tanju , Ummanel Azize , Koran Nihan
Published: August 2021

The changing structure of the society and the increase in the number of working women has been influential on the relationship between the child and the parent. Today, the woman, who is responsible for the nutrition and care of the child according to the traditional point of view, can perform these duties not on her own but with her husband and the basic needs of the child can be provided by the parents together. Therefore, the role of fatherhood has changed and fathers have become more involved in meeting the basic needs of the child. This study aims to explore how men perceive fatherhood and how mothers perceive their husband’s fatherhood. 15 fathers and 15 mothers were included in the study. Mothers and fathers were interviewed to collect the data and the data were examined under the main categories of “Fatherhood self-assessment” and “Fatherhood role perception.” The results provide insight into how fathers parenting children between the ages of 3 and 6, how they perceive their fatherhood and how mothers perceive their husband’s fatherhood. Furthermore, results were obtained about how parents define fatherhood and which roles they associate fatherhood with. In conclusion it was found that fathers have a traditional perception on fatherhood, and the results were discussed in this context. As it is one of the first studies on fatherhood conducted in the TRNC, this study has importance and similar studies are suggested to carried out.
Internacionalização da educação superior
Authors: Almeida Maria de Lourdes Pinto de , Santos Filho José Camilo dos
Published: August 2021

É com muito prazer que apresentamos o volume 07 (sete) da nossa Revista Internacional de Educação Superior - RIESup, ano de 2021. Neste volume temos um total de 45 publicações, sendo 25 (vinte e cinco) artigos, 07 (sete) relatos de pesquisas, 08 (oito) relatos de experiência, 04 (quatro) resenhas e 1 (uma) entrevista. Faremos uma breve apresentação de cada texto para que o leitor possa ter conhecimento do objetivo proposto pelo autor em cada discussão apresentada neste volume.
Conhecimentos e Condutas dos Profissionais de Saúde Sobre a Violência Contra a Mulher
Authors: Fusquine Rafaela Serrano , De Souza Yasmin Alves , Chagas Aucely Corrêa Fernandes
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A violência contra a mulher gera um aumento na demanda dos serviços de saúde que são fundamentais no reconhecimento das situações de violência por meio da análise clínica e acolhimento. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde da atenção básica diante da violência contra a mulher e verificar suas condutas durante o atendimento. Método: Estudo quantitativo transversal, desenvolvido com trinta profissionais de saúde de uma unidade básica de saúde, por meio de um questionário composto por perguntas de dados pessoais, profissionais e entendimento sobre a violência doméstica. Resultados e discussão: A maioria dos entrevistados nega conhecimento prévio sobre violência doméstica, interferindo diretamente na qualidade da assistência. A baixa capacitação profissional gera insegurança sobre os deveres de notificação e denúncia de casos suspeitos. Conclusão: É necessário manter os profissionais capacitados e aptos para atuar em casos de violência contra a mulher, promovendo o bem-estar da vítima, família e comunidade.
Conjuntura na Saúde: Contribuições para e da Psicologia a Partir do Marxismo
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Mendes Kíssila Teixeira
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo teórico-reflexivo objetiva apresentar as contribuições do diálogo entre Psicologia e outros campos do conhecimento para a compreensão e atuação na saúde, considerando a conjuntura de ofensiva neoliberal. A partir de conceitos e categorias da tradição marxista, o artigo tem a seguinte estrutura: breve análise conjuntural enfatizando o SUS e políticas de saúde; aportes de campos do saber-fazer para a Psicologia no trato com a saúde, especialmente a economia política; contribuições da Psicologia, exemplificadas pelas Psicologias da Libertação e Social Comunitária; e apontamentos finais, resgatando a radicalidade que gestou tais movimentos psi e na saúde. Pressupondo a incompatibilidade entre saúde e capitalismo, é imprescindível a apropriação desses saberes, pensando em como, a partir da Psicologia e das políticas de saúde, mas, sobretudo, para além delas, sanar necessidades concretas, demonstrar as contradições deste sistema, contribuindo para sua supressão e a produção de saúde.
Fragilidades experienciadas por crianças em internatos: reflexão bioética da obra Infâncias Perdidas
Authors: Trabaquini Paloma dos Santos , Rosaneli Carolina Filla , Da Cunha Thiago Rocha , Munhoz Cláudia Jaqueline Martinez
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de realizar uma reflexão sobre a obra Infâncias Perdidas: O Cotidiano nos Internatos-Prisão, de Sônia Altoé (2008), buscando evidenciar as fragilidades vivenciadas em contextos de internato nos anos 1980, no Brasil. O intuito desta reflexão, retrospectivamente trabalhada à luz da bioética, em que os recursos argumentativos tiveram como bases principais os princípios da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos (DUBDH), é pautar a problemática da proteção da infância como um conflito permanente na sociedade brasileira. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, utilizando a análise de conteúdo, a qual resultou na elaboração de categorias relativas às condições de vulneração e privação de liberdade; desrespeito à autonomia e à dignidade humana; discriminação e estigmatização social das crianças. A reflexão da obra evidencia as fragilidades históricas da infância, gerando uma perspectiva sobre responsabilidades éticas permanentes na proteção desses grupos mais vulneráveis da sociedade.
Saúde Mental em Tempos de Crise e Pandemia: Um Diálogo com Martín-Baró
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Teixeira Mendes Kíssila
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo é um exercício teórico-analítico sobre as implicações na/da saúde mental de uma conjuntura de crise(s) atravessada pela pandemia da covid-19; uma tentativa de compreender o que tal momento expressa e os possíveis encadeamentos em termos de saúde mental. Propõe-se um diálogo com Ignacio Martín-Baró, cuja análise psicossocial sobre a saúde mental no contexto de guerra civil de El Salvador pode contribuir ao exame da atual conjuntura num sentido histórico, extraindo subsídios necessários para a construção de outra realidade. Para isso, primeiramente, resgatamos o conceito de saúde mental de Martín-Baró, situando-a como uma produção humana, no âmbito das relações sociais, circunscrita à sociabilidade capitalista. Posteriormente, escrutinamos algumas das implicações do cenário de pandemia para a saúde mental, sinalizando algumas saídas. Por fim, realizamos uma síntese dos argumentos.
KAJIAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NaOH DALAM EKSTRAKSI SILIKA DARI LIMBAH SEKAM PADI BANJAR JENIS “PANDAK”
Authors: Mujiyanti Dwi Rasy , Ariyani Dahlena , Paujiah Nurul
Published: August 2021

Telah dilakukan kajian variasi konsentrasi NaOH dalam ekstraksi silika dari limbah sekam padi Banjar jenis “Pandak”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data ilmiah dari pengaruh variasi konsentrasi NaOH terhadap kemurnian silika serta hasil karakterisasi berdasarkan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan sekam yang berasal dari Desa Kurau Kabupaten Tanah Laut dengan melewati proses pembakaran untuk menghasilkan abu sekam padi Pandak dan dilanjutkan proses ekstraksi dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH 1,0 M; 1,5 M; 2,0M; 2,5M; 3,0M. Hasil pembakaran dari sekam padi Pandak diperoleh abu dengan rendemen sebesar 22,14% dengan hasil ekstraksi silika tertinggi pada konsentrasi NaOH 3,0M yaitu seberat 6,1377 gram dengan rendemen sebesar 61,3764%. Kemudian untuk hasil karakterisasi identifikasi gugus fungsi berdasarkan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa abu dan silika dari sekam padi Pandak memiliki gugus dominan yaitu gugus silanol (Si-OH) dan siloksan (Si-O-Si), sedangkan untuk karakterisasi komposisi menggunakan XRF senyawa silika memiliki persentase tertinggi yaitu sebesar 48,600% yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 2,0M.Kata kunci: abu sekam padi Pandak, ekstraksi, silika.
PEMANFAATAN SELULOSA DARI KULIT UMBUT ROTAN (Calamus sp) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN METILEN BIRU
Authors: Rumbang Nyahu , Trissan Whendy , Karelius Karelius , Agnestisia Retno
Published: August 2021

Kulit umbut rotan merupakan bahan berlignoselulosa. Kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi pada kulit umbut rotan, menjadikan selulosa kulit umbut rotan (Calamus sp) dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai sumber adsorben metilen biru. Persiapan Sampel Kulit Umbut Rotan (Calamus sp) dimulai dari pemotongan, pengeringan, penghalusan, dan pengayakan 60 mesh hingga diperoleh sampel kulit umbut rotan yang selanjutnya akan dilakukan isolasi selulosa. Dilanjutkan tahapan untuk memisahkan selulosa kulit umbut rotan (Calamus sp) dari komonen-komponen kimia yang lain dapat menggunakan pelarut NaOH 20% panas. Tahap terakhir adalah Uji adsorpsi terhadap metilen biru dilakukan dengan kajian pengaruh pH, kinetika adsorpsi dan kesetimbangan adsorpsi terhadap serbuk kulit umbut rotan dan selulosa kulit umbut rotan. Isolasi selulosa dari kulit umbut rotan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut basa (NaOH) panas yang dapat menyerang dan merusak struktur lignin pada bagian kristalin dan amorf serta memisahkan sebagian hemiselulosa. Proses adsorpsi serbuk selulosa kulit umbut rotan terhadap metilen biru mencapai optimum pada pH 8, dengan waktu optimum 40 menit. Kajian kinetika dan kesetimbangan adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi metilen biru oleh selulosa kulit umbut rotan mengikuti kinetika orde dua semu dengan pola isoterm Langmuir.
Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds
Authors: Schutt Timothy , Shukla Manoj
Published: August 2021

A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.
Pengaruh Pemberian GA3 terhadap Perkecambahan Embrio Somatik Kakao
Authors: Tresniawati Cici , Ajijah Nur , Sukmajaya Deden , Sukma Dewi
Published: August 2021

Germination process of somatic embryos is one of critical steps in somatic embryogenesis. The conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets is still low and adding kinetin, ABA, NAA, and GA3 to the germination medium of cacao somatic embryos may increase it. The study aimed to investigate the effect of GA3 on somatic embryo germination at the cotyledonary phase. The study was conducted in the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Tissue Culture Laboratory from May to November 2017. The study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with seven replications. The first factor was the cacao genotypes, namely SCA 6 and MCC 02, and the second factor was four concentrations of GA3, namely 0.0; 1.0; 3.0; and 5.0 mg/l. Characters observed were the percentage of shooting cotyledonary embryos, the percentage of rooting cotyledonary embryos, the percentage of shooting and rooting cotyledonary embryos, percentage of browning cotyledonary embryos, root length, shoot length, and hypocotyl length at one and two months old. The results showed no interaction between genotypes and GA3 concentrations on all observed characters. Adding GA3 at 1,0 mg/l concentration tends to increase the percentage of shooting cotyledonary embryos of SCA 6 and rooting cotyledonary embryos of MCC 02. SCA 6 clone has a higher percentage of shooting cotyledone, shooting and rooting cotyledone, and browning cotyledone compared to those of MCC 02.
Pengaruh Bobot dan Perendaman Bulbil Terhadap Viabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Saefudin Saefudin , Syakir Muhammad , Sakiroh Sakiroh , Herman Maman
Published: August 2021

The problem that often arises in the procurement of seeds is in selecting seeds that have high physiological quality. The Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) planting material is generally in the form of bulbils of varying sizes with a dormancy period of 4-5 months. One of the efforts to break seed dormancy is by soaking. This study aimed to determine the effect of bulbil weight and soaking duration on the viability and growth of porang. The research was carried out at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from September to December 2020. The design used was a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the bulbil weight which consisted of 3 categories: (1) large size (12.66-16.96 g/seed), (2) medium (10.41-11.53 g/seed), and (3) small (5.63-7.11 g/seed). The sub-plots were the soaking duration in water which consisted of 4 levels: 0 hours (without soaking), and soaking for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The variables observed were the viability, petiole length, and fresh weight of plants at 2 months after sowing. The results showed that there’s no interaction effect between bulbil weight and soaking duration for all variables observed. Bulbs with large and medium weights produced higher viability and petiole length compared to small bulbils, while the highest plant fresh weight was produced by large bulbil weights. The correlation results showed that the higher the viability of the seed, the longer the petiole, and the higher the fresh weight of plant.
Experimental Study of Heavy Oil Displacement by Carbon Dioxide on Carbonated Cores
Authors: Kalinin Stanislav Alexandrovich , Morozuyk Oleg Alexandrovich , Kosterin Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: August 2021

One of the key aspects in the development of heavy and extra heavy oil resources is the creation and application of effective development technologies. The heterogenic carbonate reservoir represented the permian-carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoe oil field in the capacity of a place for testing the technology for the extraction of super-viscous oil using carbon dioxide (CO2).

The paper presents the results of PVT study and flooding experiments on cores and slim tubes (slim-tube method) performed under various thermobaric conditions corresponding to different zones of the permian-carboniferous deposit. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of CO2 injection technology together with the heat carrier to increase oil recovery from a deep-seated heavy oil reservoir.

As a result of the studies, it was found that the most effective condition of displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide in the conditions of the permian-carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoe oil field is the immiscible displacement condition.

The displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide from a low-permeability porous matrix at low temperatures is ineffective without preliminary heating of the reservoir.

It has been shown by the experiments that preliminary heating provides an increase in the efficiency of the displacement of super-viscous heavy oil by carbon dioxide – the oil recovery factor increases and the gas-oil ratio decreases.

The results of flooding experiments show that there is an optimal ratio of the heat carrier and CO2 injection volume, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the thermal process and the reservoir development indicators.
SARS-CoV-2 infects blood monocytes to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, pyroptosis and cytokine release
Authors: Junqueira Caroline , Crespo Ângela , Ranjbar Shahin , Lewandrowski Mercedes , Ingber Jacob , de Lacerda Luna B. , Parry Blair , Ravid Sagi , Clark Sarah , Ho Felicia , Vora Setu M. , Leger Valerie , Beakes Caroline , Margolin Justin , Russell Nicole , Kays Kyle , Gehrke Lee , Adhikari Upasana Das , Henderson Lauren , Janssen Erin , Kwon Douglas , Sander Chris , Abraham Jonathan , Filbin Michael , Goldberg Marcia B. , Wu Hao , Mehta Gautam , Bell Steven , Goldfeld Anne E. , Lieberman Judy
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress that can progress to multiorgan failure and death in a minority of patients. Although severe COVID-19 disease is linked to exuberant inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not understood. Monocytes and macrophages are sentinel immune cells in the blood and tissue, respectively, that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and processing and release of IL-1 family cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators. Here we show that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) linked to higher GSDMD expression increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease (odds ratio, 1.3, p<0.005). We find that about 10% of blood monocytes in COVID-19 patients are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Monocyte infection depends on viral antibody opsonization and uptake of opsonized virus by the Fc receptor CD16. After uptake, SARS-CoV-2 begins to replicate in monocytes, as evidenced by detection of double-stranded RNA and subgenomic RNA and expression of a fluorescent reporter gene. However, infection is aborted, and infectious virus is not detected in infected monocyte supernatants or patient plasma. Instead, infected cells undergo inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) mediated by activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, caspase-1 and GSDMD. Moreover, tissue-resident macrophages, but not infected epithelial cells, from COVID-19 lung autopsy specimens showed evidence of inflammasome activation. These findings taken together suggest that antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes/macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis.
The relationship between body mass index and incident diabetes mellitus in Chinese aged population: a cohort study
Authors: Tang Molian , Zhou Yiquan , Song Anqi , Wang Jialu , Wan Yanping , Xu Renying
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies reported that overweight older adults had a lower mortality after cardiovascular diseases attack, indicating being thinner might not always be better. However, there is ongoing debate about what is the optimal range of body mass index (BMI) for the aged population. We aimed to evaluate the value of BMI for the prediction of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in Chinese elderly population.MethodsA total number of 6,911 Chinese elderly people (4,110 men and 2,801 women, aged 71±6.0 years) were included in this cohort study. BMI was measured at baseline (Jan 1st 2014 to Dec 31st 2014). All the participants were further classified into six groups: < 18.5kg/m2, 18.5 to < 22.5 kg/m2, 22.5 to < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0 to < 27.5 kg/m2, 27.5 to < 30.0 kg/m2, and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were annually measured during follow-up (Jan 1st 2015-May 31st 2019). DM was confirmed if either FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the association between BMI and the prediction of incident DM. ResultsComparing individuals with a BMI range of 18.5 to < 22.5 kg/m2 (reference), the hazards ratio for incident DM was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.54~2.95), 2.14 (95% CI: 1.53~3.00), 3.17 (95% CI: 2.19~4.59), 3.15 (95% CI: 1.94~5.09), and 3.14 (95% CI: 1.94~5.09) for the group with a BMI range of 22.5 to < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0 to < 27.5 kg/m2, 27.5 to < 30.0 kg/m2, and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 after adjusting for baseline age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and eGFR (P trend <0.001), after adjusting for the above-mentioned confounders. The association tended to be closer in men and young participants, compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsHigh BMI was associated with high risk of developing DM in Chinese aged population. Thus, it is optimal for the aged population to maintain their body weight within a reasonable range to prevent chronic diseases.
Geographical Variability of the Deformation Radius of the First Surface Mode
Authors: Si Zongshang , Pang Chongguang , Liu Zhiliang , Wang Shihong
Published: August 2021

In areas with rough bathymetry, the vertical structure of ocean eddies can be decomposed into “surface modes,” which are surface intensiﬁed, and exhibit a velocity of nearly zero at the bottom. Furthermore, ocean surface modes are ubiquitous. Atlases of the first surface mode (SM1) deformation radius were computed on a global 0.25°×0.25° grid using WOA2013 and the data from Generalized Digital Environment Model (GDEM). Monthly and seasonal changes were also analyzed. The annual average SM1 deformation radius was approximately 1.5 times larger than the Rossby radius of deformation; the main difference occurred in areas with rough bathymetry, including continental margins and mid-ocean ridges. The seasonal and monthly average SM1 deformation radius shows an evident annual cycle.
Demographic, Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of Fungal Keratitis Cases in Southern Anatolia Tertiary Eye Care Center
Authors: cakmak Ayse idil , Çetin Meryem , Öz Yasemin , Kara Necip
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the demographic, epidemiological and etiological features of cases with fungal keratitis seen at a tertiary eye care center in Southern Anatolia.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all culture-proven fungal keratitis seen from May 2017 to May 2019 was evaluated. The demographic characteristics of the patients, epidemiological factors and etiological factors of the cases were noted.Results: The mean age of 15 cases with fungal keratitis was 46±7 years (ranging 19-77 years) with a male-to- female ratio of 4:1. The majority of the occupation of the cases were mostly agricultural workers or farmers (73%). The etiology was predominantly trauma mostly with an enviroment origin (93.3%). Fungal growth was detected in 15 eyes (38.5%) in a total of 39 microbial positive corneal cultures. Filamentous fungi were responsible for all cases, including Fusarium sp. in 8 eyes (53.3%) and Aspergillus sp. in 7 eyes (46.7%). Species of Fusarium were determined in 4 eyes, namely F. Aquaeductus, F. Chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum and F. solani; whereas species of Aspergillus were determined in 3 eyes, namely A. niger and A. flavus. Bacterial and fungal coinfection was shown in two eyes (Aspergillus sp. with Gram (+) beta hemolytic streptococcus; Fusarium sp. with Pseudomonas orzyihabitans). Conclusion: Agricultural activity and associated eye trauma were shown to be the main causes of fungal keratitis in which filamentous fungi were isolated in all cases. The identified etiological factors may be useful in the selection of early empirical treatment of fungal keratitis cases encountered in Southern Anatolia.
Work-related Stressors and Mental Health Among LGBTQ Workers: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Mills Suzanne , Lewis Nathaniel , Owens Benjamin , Guta Adrian
Published: August 2021

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals experience high rates of adverse mental health outcomes due to the stressors they experience in families, communities, and society more broadly. Work and workplaces also have the potential to influence these outcomes given the substantial amount of time spent at work, and the ability of work to further influence social and economic wellbeing in this already vulnerable population. This study aims to identify how sociodemographic characteristics and characteristics of work, including industry, work environment and degree of precarity, influence self-reported mental health among LGBTQ people in two Canadian cities.Methods: Self-identified LGBTQ workers ≥16 years of age (n = 531) in Sudbury and Windsor, Ontario, Canada were surveyed. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) to evaluate differences in gender identity, age, income, industry, social precarity, work environment, and substance use among workers who reported poor or neutral mental health, compared with a referent group that reported good mental health.Results: Compared with a referent group with good mental health, LGBTQ workers with poor or neutral mental health had greater odds of: being cisgender women or trans compared with being cisgender men; being aged <35 years compared with ≥35 years; working in low-wage service sectors compared with blue collar jobs; earning <$20,000/year compared with ≥20,000; working in a non-standard work situation or being unemployed compared with working in full-time permanent employment; feeling often or always unable to schedule time with friends due to work; feeling unsure or negative about their work environment; and using substances to cope with work.Conclusions: LGBTQ workers reporting poorer mental health had higher odds of being unemployed or working in jobs that were more precarious and less supportive of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Medical imaging using Plasmonic gold Nanostars
Authors: Abdelhady Kholoud Ramadan , Moustafa Hossam El- Din , Yousif Bedir B.
Published: August 2021

This paper gives insights about examinations of plasmonic nanoparticles and particularly gold nanostar as sign enhancer and contrast agent for clinical imaging and the optical properties of (NPs) of different volume and morphology and the encompassing medium were stood out from affirm that the gold nanostars are the best shape that can Scatter the light, thusly obtaining better and all the most clear clinical imaging. Stars formed gold nanoparticles have a greater surface comparative with its volume and contact surface cross section than spherical and rods shaped nanoparticles, and accordingly act even more firmly as a radiation enhancer. At that point the wavelength of the (SPR) is in the body tissues transparence window, the laser can impact gold nanostars more profound inside the human body. Mathematical outcomes exhibit that the gold nanostar has more powerful Scattering cross section conversely with sphere and rod shaped gold nanoparticles. The largest nanostar displayed better contrast properties for imaging applications, for instance, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography.
The Effect of Balloon Inflating Distraction on Pain Intensity During Venous Blood Sampling in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarbijan Somaeh. Salehi , Rabori Roghiah Mehdipoor , Nouhi Esmat
Published: August 2021

Background: A large number of children are subject to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment procedures that mostly require venous blood sampling. Painful procedures such as blood sampling in children have annoying physical and emotional effects and can lead to wider negative consequences such as physical, behavioral, and social disorders in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of distraction by balloon inflating on the amount of pain during taking blood samples from children aged 4 to 7. Method: This study had a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted on 80 children admitted to the pediatric department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft-Kerman province who met the inclusion criteria after obtaining their parent’s consent. The children were randomly grouped into the intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The pain level in children in the intervention group was measured during the venous blood sampling while the children were watching inflating a balloon. However, the pain in children in the control group was measured without any intervention during blood sampling. Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale questionnaire was used for pain assessment. Results: The average pain scores for the children in the two groups showed no significant difference before the intervention but the average pain scores after the intervention in the intervention and control groups were 1.38±2.56 and 4.2±1.58; showing a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Using balloon inflation distraction during venous blood sampling reduces pain in children.
Evaluation of a Theory-based Mobile Health Physical Activity Intervention for Breast Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Geng Zhaohui , Ning Li , Cai Lingzhi , Liu Ying , Wang Jingting , Zhang Yingting , Wu Fulei , Yuan Changrong
Published: August 2021

Purpose Mobile health (mHealth) application (app) targeted promoting physical activity (PA) demonstrates advantages in knowledge sharing, social connecting and tailored intervention for breast cancer (BC) patients. However, lacking of theoretical basis restricted sustainable benefits of these apps. We construct a theory-based mHealth PA intervention program and to determine whether this would improve PA behavior change during chemotherapy for BC patients.Methods Social cognitive theory, self-efficacy theory and the theory of planned behavior were referred to construct mHealth intervention strategies. Guided by agile development model, “Breast care” smartphone app based on above integrated theories was developed. Then, a three-month pre-post mHealth PA intervention delivered by the app was implemented. A mixed method was utilized to test the effectiveness of this remotely intervening. Results Twenty participants were recruited. Based on PA capability assessment and baseline PA evaluation, 12 patients were divided into active group, and 8 patients were grouped in sedentary lifestyle. Within three months, the average accumulated app usage time of each participant identified at portal site was 40 minutes a week. The total PA increased 945.70 metabolic equivalents (MET) -min/w with a significant improvement (P=.04) after 3 months. Walking displayed a significant improvement after intervention (904.20 MET-min/w) (P=.03). Qualitative results showed satisfaction and willingness of BC patients to use the app to manage PA and relevant health behaviors.Conclusion The theory-based mHealth PA intervention has great potential to enhance BC patients’ PA awareness and engagement, meanwhile to facilitate their PA behavior change.
Surfactant protein C, a modulator of paravascular brain waste clearance, is associated with perineuronal nets and shows age-dependent changes of brain content and characteristic deposits in wildtype and 3xTg mice
Authors: Schob Stefan , Puchta Joana , Winter Karsten , Michalski Dominik , Mages Bianca , Martens Henrik , Emmer Alexander , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Gaunitz Frank , Meinicke Anton , Krause Matthias , Härtig Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Surfactant Protein C (SP-C) modulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rheology. During ageing, its declining levels are accompanied by an increased burden of white matter lesions. Pulmonary SP-C intermediates harbouring the BRICHOS-domain prevent protein misfolding in the lungs. Thus, cerebral SP-C intermediates may counteract cerebral β-amyloidosis, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, data on the molecular neuroanatomy of SP-C and its alterations in wildtype and triple transgenic (3xTg) mice, featuring essential elements of AD-neuropathology, are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated SP-C-containing structures in murine forebrains and their spatial relationships with vascular, glial and neuronal components of the neurovascular unit. Fluorescence labelling demonstrated neuronal SP-C in the medial habenula, the indusium griseum and the hippocampus. Glial counterstaining elucidated astrocytes in the corpus callosum co-expressing SP-C and S100β. Notably, perineuronal nets were associated with SP-C in the nucleus reticularis thalami, the lateral hypothalamus and the retrosplenial cortex. In the hippocampus of aged 3xTg mice, an increased number of dot-like depositions containing SP-C and Reelin, but devoid of BRICHOS-immunoreactivity were observed apart from AD-like lesions. Wildtype and 3xTg mice revealed an age-dependent increase of such deposits markedly pronounced in about 24-month-old 3xTg mice. SP-C levels of the intracellular and extracellular compartments in each group revealed an inverse correlation of SP-C and Reelin, with reduced SP-C and increased Reelin in an age-dependent fashion especially in 3xTg mice. Taken together, extracellular SP-C, as modulator of glymphatic clearance and potential ligand of PNs, declines in 3xTg mice, which show an accumulation of extracellular Reelin depositions during ageing.
Ataxia-telangiectasia and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Patkar Shraddha , Goel Mahesh , Bal Munita
Published: August 2021

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by ataxia, cutaneous and ocular telangiectasia, impaired immunity with susceptibility to sino-pulmonary infections, radiation sensitivity and cancers particularly of haemato-lymphoid origin. Liver function tests abnormalities and elevated alfa feto-protein have been reported in A-T however there is no reported case of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) in literature. These tumours should be treated in similar fashion as in general population however reduction of chemotherapy dose might be helpful in decreasing chemo-toxicity.
Utility of molecular analysis of peritoneal fluid in staging laparoscopy of advanced oesophagogastric junction and gastric cancer prior to neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Miro Monica , Vives Regina , Farran Leandre , Secanella Lluis , Varela Mar , Baixeras Nuria , Estremiana Fernando , Bettonica Carla , Aranda Humberto , Galán Maica
Published: August 2021

The significance of molecular analysis of peritoneal fluid in staging laparoscopy of oesophagogastric junction (EGJ) and gastric cancer is still controversial. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospective data collection of all patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric neoplasia or Siewert II-III EGJ cancer from July 2009 to October 2019 who underwent staging peritoneal lavage prior to neoadjuvant treatment was performed. Cytology studies and molecular analysis of peritoneal lavage were performed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) as tumor makers. RESULTS: 168 patients were operated. Citology and molecular analysis were performed in 138 patients. Macroscopic carcinomatosis (P+) was evidenced in 12.3% (17 patients). Of the remaining 87.7% (121 patients), 9.9% (12 patients) had positive cytology. In 21% (29 patients) disseminated macroscopic or microscopic disease (P + or Cyt+) was identified. 11.6% (16 patients) were P0Cyt- but RT-PCR+. Of these, 9 responded to chemotherapy before salvage surgery. The sensitivity of cytology and molecular analysis was 0.70 and 0.76, respectively (p = 0.67). The survival of Cyt-RT_PCR + vs. Cyt + RT_PCR + patients was similar (p = 0.1). However, there were no differences in the survival curves between Cyt-RT_PCR- patients vs Cyt-RT_PCR + patients who underwent salvage surgery (p = 0.69). CONCLUSION: Molecular analysis showed a sensitivity of 76%. In our study, the survival of P0 Cyt-RT_PCR + patients responding to chemotherapy and undergoing surgery was similar to that of P0 Cyt-RT_PCR- patients but less disease free survival.
Development of the Opioid Self-Management Scale for Advanced Cancer Patients and Examination of its Validity and Reliability
Authors: Yoshida Shiori , Sato Fumiko , Tagami Keita , Sasaki Rie , Takahashi Chikako , Sasaki Konosuke , Takahashi Shin
Published: August 2021

Background: Approximately 60% of outpatients with advanced cancer experience pain, and self-management with opioids according to lifestyle is important for appropriate pain relief. To date, there are no studies that clearly describe the concept of opioid self-management or that have assessed the factors involved, such as improving self-management abilities. This study developed the Opioid Self-Management Scale for Advanced Cancer Patients (OSSA), and examined its validity and reliability.Methods: The scale was developed in three phases. In phase 1 the scale content was validated. In phase 2 surface validity was examined. The surface validity was examined using a draft scale that extracted qualitatively and deductively. Phase 3 validated and verified the reliability of the OSSA. The validity and reliability were examined using a factor analysis and re-testing.Results: The OSSA consists of 33 items on six subscales. The structural equation modeling was such that the χ2 value was 709.8 (p<.001, df = 467), goodness-of-fit index 0.78, adjusted goodness-of-fit index 0.73, root mean squares of approximation 0.063, and comparative fit index 0.92. Cronbach’s α was 0.93. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.59–0.90. The coefficient was -0.21 (p<0.05) for the total OSSA score and “Average pain over 24 hours,” and 0.26 (p<0.01) for “Rate of pain relief over 24 hours.”Conclusion: We determined that the OSSA had tolerable validity and reliability, and the results indicated that a higher self-management ability leads to greater pain relief. The OSSA scales can be considered effective for use in research. A shortened version of the OSSA is required for realistic and practical clinical use.
2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxoisoindolin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis, In-vitro and Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Irshad Sajid , Ahmad Saeed , khan Mohsin Abbas , Bilal Muhammad Sajjad , ejaz syeda Abida
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Glucose and Xylose Productions From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Hydrolysis With Enzyme and Acid Using Response Surface Methodology.
Authors: Sinjaroonsak Santat , H-Kittikun Aran , Chaiyaso Thanongsak , Suyotha Wasana
Published: August 2021

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a major cellulosic waste from a palm oil mill. The use of EFB for bioconversion to fuel and valuable products is possible because this biomass is a cheap, renewable and abundantly available. This study was aimed to produce sugars from the alkaline peroxide pretreated EFB (APEFB) by hydrolysis with a commercial enzyme (iKnowzyme acid 2XL cellulase) in comparison with hydrochloric acid. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to improve the hydrolysis process. For an enzymatic hydrolysis, the optimum enzyme dose of 40 U/g APEFB and the liquid to solid ratio of 10 ml/g APEFB were investigated at 150 rpm and 50°C for 120 h. After saccharification, glucose and xylose obtained were 65.71 g/l (0.66 g/g APEFB) and 2.14 g/l (0.02 g/g APEFB), respectively. Many acids (acetic, formic, hydrochloric (HCl), nitric, orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids) were used to hydrolyze APEFB. The result showed that HCl was the best acid to produce glucose and xylose from APEFB with low furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural productions. The optimum HCl concentration and temperature for APEFB saccharification were 5.85% (w/v) acid at 114°C for 90 min. The glucose, xylose, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural obtained under these conditions were 10.70 g/l (0.11 g/g APEFB), 15.30 g/l (0.15 g/g APEFB), 2.34 g/l (0.02 g/g APEFB) and 0.67 g/l (0.007 g/g APEFB), respectively.
Brewing and Probiotic Potential Activity of Wild Yeasts Hanseniaspora Uvarum PIT001, Pichia Kluyveri LAR001 and Candida Intermedia ORQ001
Authors: Piraine Renan Eugênio Araujo , Retzlaf Gustavo M , Gonçalves Vitória S. , Cunha Rodrigo C , Leite Fabio Pereira Leivas
Published: August 2021

Non-conventional yeasts can be isolated from a wide range of environmental sources, often found in beverage industry in mixed fermentations, in which the microorganisms’ inoculum usually is not fully known. It is important to know starter cultures, since in addition to favoring reproducibility, other properties can be discovered. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize yeasts isolated from environment, evaluating their probiotic potential and possible use in brewery. Isolates were obtained from flowers, fruits, leaves and mixed-fermentation beers, being identified by PCR. Yeasts with promising activity were evaluated regarding their growth under different pHs, temperature and presence of organic acids. To explore probiotic potential, in vitro tests were performed of antimicrobial activity and co-aggregation with food pathogens, auto-aggregation, and survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. In our study, Pichia kluyveri (LAR001), Hanseniaspora uvarum (PIT001) and Candida intermedia (ORQ001) were selected among 20 isolates. P. kluyveri was the only one that tolerated pH 2.5. Lactic acid was not inhibitory, while acetic acid and incubation at 37 °C had a partially inhibitory effect on yeasts growth. All yeasts tolerated α-acids from hops and NaCl up to 1%. It is suggested that isolates are able to adhere to intestinal cells and influence positively the organism in combating pathogens, as they showed auto-aggregation rates above 99% and antagonistic activity to pathogenic bacteria. The yeasts tolerated gastric environment conditions, however were more sensitive to pancreatic conditions. We conclude that isolated non-conventional yeasts showed probiotic potential and promising application in beer fermentation.
Machine learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies
Authors: Callaghan Max , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Nath Shruti , Lejeune Quentin , Knutson Thomas R. , Reichstein Markus , Hansen Gerrit , Theokritoff Emily , Andrijevic Marina , Brecha Robert J. , Hegarty Michael , Jones Chelsea , Lee Kaylin , Lucas Agathe , Maanen Nicole van , Menke Inga , Pfleiderer Peter , Yesil Burcu , Minx Jan C.
Published: August 2021

An ever-growing body of evidence suggests that climate change is already impacting human and natural systems around the world. Global environmental assessments assessing this evidence, for example by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)1, face increasing challenges to appraise an exponentially growing literature2 and diverse approaches to climate change attribution. Here we use the language representation model BERT to identify and classify studies on observed climate impacts, producing a machine-learning-assisted evidence map which provides the most comprehensive picture of the literature to date. We identify 100,724 (62,950 − 162,838) publications covering a broad range of impacts in human and natural systems across all continents. By combining our spatially resolved database with human-attributable changes in temperature and precipitation on the grid cell level, we infer that attributable climate change impacts may be occurring in regions encompassing 85% (80%) of the world's population (land area). Our results also reveal a substantial 'attribution gap' as robust evidence for attributable impacts is twice as prevalent in high income compared to low income countries. While substantial gaps remain on confidently establishing attributable climate impacts at the regional and sectoral level, our unique database illustrates the broad extent to which anthropogenic climate change may already be impacting natural systems and societies across the globe.
Electrolytes, Metabolic And Acid-Base Parameters In Blood And Fluids of The Reproductive Tract During In Vivo Maturation of Bovine Oocytes
Authors: Gungor Omer F. , Salman Saleh , Ranjitkar Saurav , Zhang Delong , Tian Xiuchun (Cindy)
Published: August 2021

Follicular fluid is the microenvironment that supports oocyte maturation and competence. Using Abbott iSTAT1™ and NanoDrop, we determined the dynamics of acid-base, electrolyte, metabolites, and total protein in venous blood, fluids of the dominant follicle (FF), oviduct (OF), and uterus (UF) during the window of oocyte maturation. Holstein heifers (n=36) were synchronized with PGF2α on Days -11 and 0, CIDR during Days -6 to 1, and GnRH given on Day 2 after 2nd PG. Samples were collected at 24h, 48h, 60h, 72h, and 78h after 2nd PG. Most electrolytes analyzed, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+ were significantly affected in blood and FF (P<0.05) by CIDR removal. Similarly, Cl- and Na+ also significantly changed in OF and UF across time. Glucose, lactate, and creatinine significantly changed across time points in FF compared to blood. Moreover, pO2, pCO2, TCO2, and pH significantly changed across time in FF. Most parameters were not significantly correlated between blood and FF across time points except for glucose, Cl- and creatinine. Furthermore, pO2 in FF was nearly 3X higher than blood, suggesting low O2 during in vitro maturation is inappropriate. In conclusion, components of the follicular fluid undergo major changes during the window of oocyte maturation.
A Radar Object-Based Examination of Rain System Climatology and Including Climate Variability
Authors: Ayat Hooman , Evans Jason P. , Sherwood Steven C. , Soderholm Joshua
Published: August 2021

We know the climate is warming and this is changing some aspects of storms, but we have little knowledge of storm characteristics beyond intensity, which limits our understanding of storms overall. In this study, we apply a cell-tracking algorithm to 20 years of radar data at a mid-latitude coastal-site (Sydney, Australia), to establish a regional storm climatology. The results show that extreme storms in terms of translation-speed, size and rainfall intensity usually occur in the warm season, and are slower and more intense over land between ~10am and ~8pm (AEST), peaking in the afternoon. Storms are more frequent in the cold season and often initiate over the ocean and move northward, leading to precipitation mostly over the ocean. Using clustering algorithms, we have found five storm types with distinct properties, occurring throughout the year but peaking in different seasons. While overall rainfall statistics don't show any link to climate modes, links do appear for some storm types using a multivariate approach. This climatology for a variety of storm characteristics will allow future study of any changes in these characteristics due to climate change.
Long-term Fertilization Enhances Soil Carbon Stability by Increase the Ratio of Passive Carbon: Evidence From Four Typical Croplands
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wen Shilin , Zhang Yunlong , Gregory Andrew S. , Xu Minggang , Shah Syed Atizaz Ali , Zhang Wenju , Wu Honghui , Hartley Iain P.
Published: August 2021

Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in improving soil quality, however how long-term fertilization influences SOC and contrasting active carbon (AC) and passive C (PC) pools at large scale remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of long-term fertilization on SOC, including AC and PC, across four typical croplands in China and to explore the potential relationships and mechanism. Methods We assessed the effect of different fertilization (standard and 1.5 × standard of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) with or without manure (M), with a control for comparison) at soil depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm) on SOC, AC and PC. Results We found that SOC, AC and PC increased in the order Control < NPK < NPKM < 1.5NPKM. 1.5NPKM resulted in a significant increase in SOC, AC and PC, of 76.3%, 53.0% and 108.5% respectively across the soil profile (0-60 cm) compared with Control. The response ratio of PC to long-term fertilization was 2.1 times greater than that of AC across four sites on average. In addition, Clay was identified as the most important factor in explaining the response of AC and PC to different fertilization application, respectively. Conclusions Long-term fertilization enhanced both AC and PC, but the greater response of PC suggests that fertilization application could enhance the stability of carbon and thus the potential of cropland for soil carbon accumulation.