bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acetabular shell deformation as a function of shell stiffness and bone strength
Authors: Dold Philipp , Pandorf Thomas , Flohr Markus , Preuss Roman , Bone Martin C , Joyce Tom J , Holland James , Deehan David
Published: February 2016

Press-fit acetabular shells used for hip replacement rely upon an interference fit with the bone to provide initial stability. This process may result in deformation of the shell. This study aimed to model shell deformation as a process of shell stiffness and bone strength. A cohort of 32 shells with two different wall thicknesses (3 and 4 mm) and 10 different shell sizes (44- to 62-mm outer diameter) were implanted into eight cadavers. Shell deformation was then measured in the cadavers using a previously validated ATOS Triple Scan III optical system. The shell–bone interface was then considered as a spring system according to Hooke’s law and from this the force exerted on the shell by the bone was calculated using a combined stiffness consisting of the measured shell stiffness and a calculated bone stiffness. The median radial stiffness for the 3-mm wall thickness was 4192 N/mm (range, 2920–6257 N/mm), while for the 4-mm wall thickness the median was 9633 N/mm (range, 6875–14,341 N/mm). The median deformation was 48 µm (range, 3–187 µm), while the median force was 256 N (range, 26–916 N). No statistically significant correlation was found between shell stiffness and deformation. Deformation was also found to be not fully symmetric (centres 180° apart), with a median angle discrepancy of 11.5° between the two maximum positive points of deformation. Further work is still required to understand how the bone influences acetabular shell deformation.
Breastfeeding in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Noviani M , Wasserman S , Clowse M E B
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Breastfeeding is known to improve the well-being of a mother and her infant, and about half of all new mothers breastfeed, but it is unknown how breastfeeding is pursued in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) patients. We sought to determine the rate of breastfeeding and the factors influencing this among women with lupus. In addition, we reassessed the current safety data in lactation of lupus medications.

Methods

Data were collected from lupus patients enrolled in a prospective registry who fulfilled the 2012 SLICC criteria, had a live birth, and for whom postpartum breastfeeding status was known. Data included physician assessments of lupus activity and medications, breastfeeding intentions during pregnancy and practice following pregnancy. The safety of medications in breastfed infants was assessed through a comprehensive review of LactMed, a national database about medications in lactation.

Results

A total of 51 pregnancies in 84 women with lupus were included in the study. Half of the lupus patients ( n = 25, 49%) chose to breastfeed. The rate of breastfeeding was not significantly affected by socioeconomic factors. In contrast, low postpartum lupus activity, term delivery, and a plan to breastfeed early in pregnancy were significantly associated with breastfeeding in lupus patients. In reviewing the most up-to-date data, the majority of lupus medications appear to have very minimal transfer into breast milk and are likely compatible with breastfeeding.

Conclusion

Half of women with lupus breastfed and most desire to breastfeed. Hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, methotrexate, and prednisone have very limited transfer into breast milk and may be continued while breastfeeding.
Therapeutic endings: Reflections on the termination of counselling-based research relationships among patients with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers
Authors: Moola Fiona J
Published: February 2016

Some time and temporarily scholars suggest that separation is one of the most arduous of human experiences. Given what is often a long history of unpleasant relationship endings, the clients of therapy themselves may be particularly susceptible to painful ruptures. Informed by a qualitative approach, I describe and explain how 10 Canadian children living with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers felt at the end of a research-based counselling support programme. At the programmes’ end, the participants reluctantly but unquestioningly accepted the decision. However, they expressed their desire for ongoing and continuous therapeutic opportunities to help them manage weighty emotional issues, such as living with grief and loss. I theorize the findings using time and temporality scholarship. Although academics and clinicians regard them as separate pillars, I suggest that participants experience considerable overlap between “research” and practice”. Further, I propose that researchers and clinicians pay attention to therapeutic endings as an important issue in research. Finally, using a time and temporality lens, I use the findings to discuss how therapeutic work might better be regarded as occurring in the space of psychological time, rather than linear time. In so doing, it is evident that time and temporality are critical to how young people with CF and their families experience therapeutic endings.
From embedded to uncompromising neoliberalism: Competitiveness policies and European Union interscalar relations in the case of Greece
Authors: Souliotis Nicos , Alexandri Georgia
Published: February 2016

This article traces the transfer of competitiveness and cohesion policies from the European Union (EU) institutions to the national and subnational authorities in Greece, both before and after the sovereign debt crisis. We argue that prior to the crisis, the flexibilities of the EU governance system allowed the Greek central government to use the competitiveness and cohesion agenda, as well as the associated funds, to build a domestic socio-political consensus focused on the idea of ‘convergence’ with Europe. The crisis-induced bailout programme deepened neoliberal policies and reorganised vertical and horizontal power relations: policy-making powers have been upscaled towards the supranational level, while the national authorities have been socially disembedded.
The Living School: The Emergence of a Transformative Sustainability Education Paradigm
Authors: O’Brien Catherine , Howard Patrick
Published: February 2016

Education, as it was initially organized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was designed to meet very different challenges than those we face today. There have been many efforts to shift education to address new contexts that result from societal transformation. There have also been international initiatives in response to interconnected global issues that impact ecological systems, the viability of economies and communities and the health and well-being of people. This article offers a perspective that aligns with Hopkins’ (2013) view that the repurposing of education must reflect a vision that contributes to well-being for all—individually, collectively and for the ‘other than human’ life on our planet. As part of an emerging transformative sustainability education paradigm, this article offers a philosophical framework and points to certain theoretical and practical dimensions for what the authors are framing as the Living School concept.
Central Asia and South Asia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Warikoo K.
Published: February 2016

India and Central Asia have shared a geo-cultural affinity and a long tradition of historical contacts that dates back to antiquity. There is convergence of views and interests between the Central Asian Republics and India, on fundamental issues such as; (a) need to maintain social harmony and equilibrium by promoting inter-ethnic harmony and peaceful co-existence; (b) commitment to secularism and democracy and opposition to religious fundamentalism; (c) recognition of threat to regional security and stability from trans-border terrorism, arms and drug trafficking, religious extremism and ethnic-religious secessionism; (d) commitment to the principles of territorial integrity of nation states and inviolability of state borders; (e) promoting economic, scientific and cultural cooperation and (f) ensuring peaceful and tranquil neighbourhood in Afghanistan.

The Central Asian Republics, being cautious and wary of dominating influence of the powerful neighbours like Russia and China look towards India as a friend and partner, which does not have any political or territorial ambitions in the region. India is also expected to play a balancing role in the big power games in Central Asia.
The Dynamics of Pakistan’s Intra-national Security: The Role of the New Provinces
Authors: Ahmar Moonis
Published: February 2016

The debate and discourse to change the provincial map of Pakistan by creating new provinces is not a new phenomenon and is considered as a major challenge to intra-national security and to the centripetal forces who still want Pakistan to be a unitary/ centralised state instead of a federal state. What is intra-national security and how can the issue of creating new provinces have a major impact on the dynamics of national security at different levels? When compared with national security, which deals with the whole country, intra-national security relates to contradictions and variations in the security dynamics and paradigms in different parts of the country. Pakistan as a multiethnic, multilingual, multicultural and multi-religious state can effectively deal with issues of security if intra-national security is accepted as a reality and is beyond the scope of national security. Matters and issues relating to different regions of Pakistan located in its provinces can at best be understood in terms of intra-national security. If the approach of major power stakeholders in Pakistan is positive, and they wish to peacefully address issues that cause friction, instability, chaos, disorder and violence in different provinces because of social, economic and political injustices, they must seriously consider proposal to upgrade existing divisions of Pakistan into provinces. For that matter, proper brainstorming by the concerned stakeholders including civil society groups needs to be done so that consensus is reached on the methodology to create new provinces in Pakistan.
New Zealand–India Trade Relations and Growth Potential: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Bano Sayeeda , Paswan Nawal K.
Published: February 2016

This study examines the bilateral trade relations between New Zealand and India from 1990 to 2014. Using export and import intensity indices and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices, it identifies sectors where there is static and dynamic comparative advantage and complementarities. It also examines the extent and movement of intra-industry trade (IIT), using IIT indices, and analyses these indices to consider how trade patterns and relations have changed between 1990 and 2014.

Findings show that trade between New Zealand and India has increased in recent years. The intensity of trade has strengthened, and there has been growth in IIT for a number of industries and product groups. Results also suggest high degree of static and dynamic comparative advantage in a number of product groups. The findings of this study should be relevant to future bilateral trade, economic relations, technology transfer and cultural exchange between New Zealand and India.
Reforming Nigeria’s Federal Civil Service: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Magbadelo John Olushola
Published: February 2016

Successive Nigerian administrations have pursued one variant of reform or another in the federal civil service since the country’s attainment of political independence. Yet, the federal civil service, as an essential organ of the executive arm of the government, still requires more reforms. The problems that instigated the introduction of a series of reforms in the federal civil service in 1999 consequent upon the inauguration of the democratic government included erosion of public service ethics, ageing workforce, poor succession planning, inappropriate organisational structures, unproductive work operations, lack of competent leadership, etc. However, these problems are currently the same problems facing the federal civil service after 16 years of implementation of reforms by the government of Peoples’ Democratic Party (PDP). However, the emergence of a new government with its populist and progressive policy thrust, the rising awareness among civil servants, the global obligation of the Nigerian government to public service reforms, the proven efficacy of the ballot as an instrument for effecting change of government, coupled with the readily available support of donor agencies, which together, have the prospects of creating the right political atmosphere for the implementation of requisite reforms in the Nigerian federal civil service with utmost efficiency and likelihood of success.
An Educational Video Game for Nutrition of Young People
Authors: Ledoux Tracey , Griffith Melissa , Thompson Debbe , Nguyen Nga , Watson Kathy , Baranowski Janice , Buday Richard , Abdelsamad Dina , Baranowski Tom
Published: February 2016

Background. Playing Escape from Diab (DIAB) and Nanoswarm (NANO), epic video game adventures, increased fruit and vegetable consumption among a multi-ethnic sample of 10-12 year old children during pilot testing. Key elements of both games were educational mini-games embedded in the overall game that promoted knowledge acquisition regarding diet, physical activity and energy balance. 95-100% of participants demonstrated mastery of these mini-games suggesting knowledge acquisition.

Aim. This article describes the process of designing and developing the educational mini-games. A second purpose is to explore the experience of children while playing the games.

Method. The educational games were based on Social Cognitive and Mastery Learning Theories. A multidisciplinary team of behavioral nutrition, PA, and video game experts designed, developed, and tested the mini-games.

Results.Alpha testing revealed children generally liked the mini-games and found them to be reasonably challenging. Process evaluation data from pilot testing revealed almost all participants completed nearly all educational mini-games in a reasonable amount of time suggesting feasibility of this approach.

Conclusions. Future research should continue to explore the use of video games in educating children to achieve healthy behavior changes.
A Study of the Association Between Multidisciplinary Home Care and Home Death Among Thai Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Nagaviroj Kittiphon , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

Many terminally ill patients would prefer to stay and die in their own homes, but unfortunately, some may not be able to do so. Although there are many factors associated with successful home deaths, receiving palliative home visits from the multidisciplinary care teams is one of the key factors that enable patients to die at home. Our study was aimed to find whether there was any association between our palliative home care program and home death.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Family Medicine at Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2012 and May 2014. All of the patients who were referred to multidisciplinary palliative care teams were included. The data set comprised of patient’s profile, disease status, functional status, patient’s symptoms, preferred place of death, frequency of home visits, types of team interventions, and patient’s actual place of death. Multiple logistic regression was applied in order to determine the association between the variables and the probability of dying at home.

Results:

A total of 142 patients were included into the study. At the end of the study, 50 (35.2%) patients died at home and 92 (64.8%) patients died in the hospital. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between multidisciplinary home care and home death (odds ratio 6.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.48-17.38).

Conclusion:

Palliative home care was a significant factor enabling patients who want to die at home. We encourage health policy makers to promote the development of community-based palliative care programs in Thailand.
Investigation of Optimal Time for Starting Betamethasone Using Fatigue Scores and Prognostic Nutritional Index in Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Koyama Nanako , Matsumura Chikako , Morii Hiroaki , Hasegawa Chiaki , Hira Daiki , Daigo Yataro , Terada Tomohiro , Yano Yoshitaka
Published: February 2016

Background:

Corticosteroids are frequently used to treat cancer-related fatigue (CRF), but it is yet to be established as standard care, and few reports have defined the appropriate time to start treatment.

Objectives:

We investigated the optimal time for starting betamethasone and evaluated the clinical validity of using the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) for this purpose.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively collected for patients with terminal cancer receiving betamethasone for palliative care. Fatigue strength was evaluated by the daily occurrence of fatigue, using proportion of adequate fatigue, AF(%), defined as the average of the daily score for all treatment days, AF(%)all, the initial 5 days, AF(%)initi5, or the last 5 days, AF(%)last5. We examined (1) the relationship between survival time and adequate fatigue for CRF and (2) the correlation between survival time and PNI (based on serum albumin and lymphocytes).

Results:

Data from 24 patients were included. The AF(%)all was approximately 50% at 42 days before death and gradually decreased as the survival time shortened ( R2 =.41, P <.001). There was a clear positive correlation between AF(%)all and AF(%)initi5 ( R2 =.84, P <.001). At 42 days before death, PNI was approximately 30 and significantly correlated with the survival time ( R2 = .873, P <.001).

Conclusion:

The adequate fatigue appears to be dependent on survival time, and PNI might be useful for identifying patients that will benefit from betamethasone use. It is hoped that these results will contribute to individualized pharmacotherapy of terminally ill patients with CRF.
A Token Economy Made Easy Through ClassDojo
Authors: Robacker Cassie M. , Rivera Christopher J. , Warren Sandra H.
Published: February 2016

Students with behavioral and emotional disabilities spend less time on academic instruction due to their behavioral disruptions, contributing to the academic difficulties these students face. Classroom management strategies, in the form of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), incorporate principles of applied behavior analysis to shape student behaviors through the use of motivation and positively reinforce good behaviors. A strategy often used in PBIS systems is a token economy. This column provides practitioners with a strategy for implementing a token economy using ClassDojo, a web-based classroom management program available for computers and mobile devices.
Video Self-Modeling Interventions for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schaeffer Kathleen M. , Hamilton Kendra A. , Bauman Johnson Wendi L.
Published: February 2016

Implementing evidenced-based interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the educational setting is of utmost importance for their long-term success. Unfortunately, interventions often are not implemented with efficacy due to the overwhelming demands on educators attempting to meet the individualized needs of each student. Video self-modeling (VSM) is an intervention technique with a strong research base that can support the social and behavioral needs of students with ASD. This review describes the utility of VSM and illustrates how this intervention can be implemented in the classroom with efficacy. Practical suggestions and illustrative examples are provided.
A Comparison of New Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Nuffer Wesley , Trujillo Jennifer M. , Megyeri Jade
Published: February 2016

Objective: To review and compare the phase 3 clinical trial evidence on the 4 new pharmacological agents approved for the management of overweight and obesity. Data Sources: Searches were performed (from 1966 through January 2016) in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Citation Index, and product package inserts to identify key phase 3 clinical trials that were used in the approval of each agent. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Phase 3 clinical trials that listed end points of ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss benchmarks from baseline as well as total percentage of weight loss by participants were selected for the review. Data Synthesis: No head-to-head trials have been identified between these agents at this point, which limits comparisons across agents. Phentermine/topiramate ER appeared to have the best overall average weight loss from baseline as well as highest percentages of patients achieving both ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss benchmarks, followed second by naltrexone/bupropion, and then liraglutide, with lorcaserin showing the lowest rates. Phentermine/topiramate ER completion rates were highest for both treatment and placebo groups, followed by liraglutide, with lorcaserin and naltrexone/bupropion showing similar completion rates, below that of the other 2 agents. Common side effects reported differed between agents, although the most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal in nature, with liraglutide demonstrating the highest reported rates and lorcaserin demonstrating the lowest. Conclusion: These 4 new pharmacological agents represent new options for the clinician to utilize when trying to manage the problem of obesity. No clear first-line agent has emerged, so treatment decisions should be based on patient-specific factors.
Bizarre Stromal Cells in an Endometrial Polyp
Authors: Heller Debra , Barrett Theodore
Published: February 2016

Bizarre stromal cells have been reported in vulvovaginal polyps, as well as in nongynecologic sites, with caution not to mistake them for malignancy. Similar atypical stromal cells have only rarely been reported in the endometrium. We present a case found incidentally in a postmenopausal woman, and review the literature.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor With Osseous Heterologous Differentiation in Uncommon Locations (Heart and Retropharynx)
Authors: Machado Isidro , Arana Estanislao , Cruz Julia , Brotons Simon , Vendrell Juan , Escriba Ismael , Chust María Luisa , Martínez-Banaclocha Natividad , Lavernia Javier , Llombart-Bosch Antonio
Published: February 2016

We report two cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) in an uncommon location (heart and retropharynx) both with divergent osseous heterologous differentiation. We present the pathological and immunohistochemical studies that confirmed the neurogenic origin. The histopathology of the tumor arising in the retropharynx showed a transition from a neurofibroma to MPNST, making this a new report of an MPNST arising from a plexiform neurofibroma without neurofibromatosis. Primary cardiac MPNST with osseous differentiation has never been reported before. In conclusion, the histology of MPNSTs is very heterogeneous, showing no specific diagnostic immunoprofile or genetic alteration. Thus, it is important to rule out other histologically similar tumors, particularly in cases arising in uncommon locations or tumors with divergent heterologous differentiation.
The CES-D as a Measure of Psychological Distress Among International Students: Measurement and Structural Invariance Across Gender
Authors: Suh Hanna , van Nuenen Marieke , Rice Kenneth G.
Published: February 2016

Detecting psychological distress among international students can be challenging given diverse languages, cultural backgrounds, and lack of refined measurement properties of measures tailored to international students. Despite the challenges, ensuring that a psychological distress measure works effectively has considerable potential value for assessment purposes. The current study evaluates the measurement properties of a short 10-item version of Radloff’s Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Grounded in long-standing evidence on gender differences in depressive symptoms, specific attention was given to examining measurement invariance of the CES-D Short-form across women and men. Based on a large, two-cohort sample of international students ( N = 468), and through multiple analyses evaluating factor structure and measurement invariance, we derived an even briefer, seven-item single-factor form of the CES-D (CES-D Short-form International) that can be used with international students.
Ambulatory Assessment
Authors: Carpenter Ryan W. , Wycoff Andrea M. , Trull Timothy J.
Published: February 2016

In recent years, significant technological advances have changed our understanding of dynamic processes in clinical psychology. A particularly important agent of change has been ambulatory assessment (AA). AA is the assessment of individuals in their daily lives, combining the twin benefits of increased ecological validity and minimized retrospective biases. These benefits make AA particularly well-suited to the assessment of dynamic processes, and recent advancements in technology are providing exciting new opportunities to understand these processes in new ways. In the current article, we briefly detail the capabilities currently offered by smartphones and mobile physiological devices, as well as some of the practical and ethical challenges of incorporating these new technologies into AA research. We then provide several examples of recent innovative applications of AA methodology in clinical research, assessment, and intervention and provide a case example of AA data generated from a study utilizing multiple mobile devices. In this way, we aim to provide a sense of direction for researchers planning AA studies of their own.
Inversion algorithm for the whole prototype dynamic displacement field of a high arch dam based on limited measuring points
Authors: Li Huokun , Wang Yujie , Wei Bowen
Published: February 2016

The mean square deviation (MSD) of an arch dam dynamic displacement response during a flood discharge period is an important indicator used to evaluate the vibration intensity. The whole distribution of the MSD of the dynamic displacement response reflects the whole dynamic displacement field. Inversion of the whole dynamic displacement field of the arch dam based on limited measuring points is of significance. In this study, the Ertan arch dam was used to propose an inversion algorithm for the whole prototype dynamic displacement field of the arch dam. First, inversion theory of flow-induced vibration response for the arch dam is introduced. Second, the arch dam prototype vibration test under flood discharge excitation is conducted to determine the dynamic displacement response of limited measuring points. Third, the full-scale finite element model of the Ertan arch dam is set up to conduct modal analysis, and the first nine modes are cutoff to extract the modal parameters for the inversion of equivalent excitation source load spectra. Finally, the whole dynamic displacement field of the arch dam is calculated by flow-induced vibration response positive analysis based on the equivalent excitation load spectra. Inversion results show that the whole arch dam dynamic displacement field is obtained through only seven dynamic displacement response measuring points arranged on the crest of the dam. Simultaneously, the inversion and measured values are in good agreement. This method provides a novel technique to reasonably evaluate the high arch dam during the flood discharge period.
Hybrid vibration absorber with detached design for global vibration control
Authors: Tso Man H , Yuan Jing , Wong Wai O
Published: February 2016

A new hybrid vibration absorber, with detached passive and active parts, is designed, analyzed and tested. This is an alternative approach in case the traditional bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated active and passive control elements cannot be applied. In fixed-free structures like buildings and towers, a passive dynamic vibration absorber is very popular for vibration control at or near the free ends. Active control may be introduced to improve performance, but space or weight may be limited in some applications. It may not be practical to attach an actuator near the passive part. The new approach provides more flexibility to retrofit a passive dynamic vibration absorber into a high performance hybrid vibration absorber by installing the actuator at a more suitable location than collocated with the passive part. The proposed hybrid vibration absorber is based on the pole-placement control strategy. Its controller is able to deal with a possible nonminimum-phase secondary path caused by noncollocated actuator sensors. This feature does not exist in a bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated actuator sensors. The performance of the new hybrid vibration absorber is analyzed in this study. Experimental and simulation results are used to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the excellent performance of the new hybrid vibration absorber for vibration control at multiple points. A bundled hybrid vibration absorber with collocated passive and active elements is compared with the proposed hybrid vibration absorber with detached control elements, using experimental and simulation results. It was found that the vibration attenuation performance of the proposed hybrid vibration absorber can be better than the traditional bundled hybrid vibration absorber. The optimal actuator location, which is not necessarily the coupling point of the passive resonator, can be selected numerically by a proposed procedure. One could miss a better solution for vibration control if he/she only uses the bundled hybrid vibration absorber without considering the detached hybrid vibration absorber as a possible alternative.
Parasite or Partner? Coverage of Google News in an Era of News Aggregation
Authors: Chyi Hsiang Iris , Lewis Seth C. , Zheng Nan
Published: February 2016

With online news aggregators outperforming most traditional media sites, some news executives have accused Google News of stealing their content, even as they rely on Google for exposure. Through a content analysis, this study examines how leading traditional news providers and trade publications, during the 2007-2010 financial shock for U.S. newspapers, covered the newspaper industry’s delicate relationship with Google. Results indicate that such coverage de-emphasized the non-advertising nature of Google News, ignored readers’ views, and used emotion-laden language (e.g., sensational accusations against Google of “stealing” newspaper content or being a “parasite”). Although Google was often portrayed as the enemy, most coverage suggested that newspapers should work with Google, pointing to the challenge of assessing Google’s role in an unfolding era of news aggregation.
Identifying Active Hot-Issue Communicators and Subgroup Identifiers
Authors: Chen Yi-Ru Regina , Hung-Baesecke Chun-Ju Flora , Kim Jeong-Nam
Published: February 2016

This study used the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) to investigate communication behaviors of publics formed around an intensively publicized policy issue. Results of surveying 748 participants online support the utility of STOPS to segment the hot-issue public with active communication from the general population in a Chinese context. However, problem recognition does not significantly correlate with situational motivation. Between the examined cross-situational variables, party identity serves as a better identifier of the hot-issue public’s subgroups than trust in the government. Theoretical implications for hot-issue publics and STOPS and practical implications for effective communication to the hot issue are discussed.
High-Choice Revisited
Authors: Panek Elliot
Published: February 2016

Explosive growth in the number of options prompts media researchers to consider how selection behavior changes under higher choice conditions. Two experiments demonstrate that choice environments offering options in smaller sets lead users to be more likely to select news content, in particular “hard news” content. A third study incorporates theories of information processing to explain the observed effects of choice environment. The study provides evidence that smaller sets of options lead users to compare the merits of each option, whereas larger sets of options prompt users to quickly scan the environment for an acceptable option.
Two Different Communication Genres and Implications for Vocabulary Development and Learning to Read
Authors: Massaro Dominic W.
Published: February 2016

This study examined potential differences in vocabulary found in picture books and adult’s speech to children and to other adults. Using a small sample of various sources of speech and print, Hayes observed that print had a more extensive vocabulary than speech. The current analyses of two different spoken language databases and an assembled picture book corpus replicated and extended these findings. The vocabulary in picture books was more extensive than that found in child-directed speech (CDS) and even adult-directed speech (ADS). The likelihood of observing a rare word not contained in the most common 5,000 words in English was more likely in a corpus of picture books than in two different corpora of CDS. The likelihood of a rare word in the picture books was even greater than that found in ADS. It is proposed that these differences are more indicative of informal versus formal language rather than the spoken versus written modalities per se. Nonetheless, these results highlight the value of rich read-aloud experiences for vocabulary development and potentially for reading comprehension once written language is acquired. These findings are described in terms of a distinction between formal and informal language, which has implications for views of literacy, cognitive and linguistic development, and learning to read.
Comparison of different anticoagulant associations on haemostasis and biochemical analyses in feline blood specimens
Authors: Granat Fanny , Monzali Céline , Jeunesse Elisabeth , Guerlin Maud , Trumel Catherine , Geffré Anne , Bourgès-Abella Nathalie
Published: February 2016

Objectives

Universal anticoagulant could be an alternative to the multiple blood sampling required for clinical pathology investigations in cats. An association of citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD) has been reported to be a good substitute for EDTA for haematology analysis in cats, limiting platelet clumping, and has also been shown to be valid for haematology, secondary haemostasis and some biochemical variables in humans. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effects of CTAD on in vitro platelet aggregation and compare results of secondary haemostasis and biochemistry tests, excluding a priori those variables not reliably measured in CTAD, such as sodium, chloride and divalent cations, in feline blood specimens collected in CTAD and paired citrate and heparin tubes.

Methods

Thirty blood specimens sampled in citrate and CTAD were analysed for in vitro platelet aggregation, and 60 blood specimens sampled in citrate or heparin and CTAD were analysed for plasma coagulation and a biochemistry panel.

Results

In vitro platelet aggregation was inhibited in CTAD compared with citrate specimens. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin and fibrinogen results were similar, despite some significant differences. Measurements of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, urea, creatinine, phosphate, total proteins and alanine aminotransferase activity were similar and well correlated in CTAD and heparin plasmas, despite some significant differences and moderate biases. Albumin showed a marked positive proportional bias, and creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities a moderate and marked negative mixed bias, respectively, but could be measured in CTAD if new reference intervals were calculated. Aspartate aminotransferase activity showed a marked negative proportional bias, along with a poor correlation and some clinical misclassifications just like the potassium concentration, and thus cannot be recommended to be measured in CTAD specimens.

Conclusions and relevance

In cats, CTAD cannot be used for primary haemostasis investigation but could be a suitable (almost) universal anticoagulant for routine haematology, as well as for plasma coagulation and many biochemistry variables.
Who learns what from whom? Implementing gender mainstreaming in multi-level settings
Authors: Alonso Alba
Published: February 2016

With obstacles at various levels of government, multi-level settings provide complex challenges for the implementation of gender mainstreaming. Policy transfer appears to hold some explanatory potential in these sorts of contexts; scholarship however, still tends to focus on single sources of influence – either European or domestic – and potentially misses the broader picture. This article revisits the classic question of who learns what from whom by addressing the implementation of gender mainstreaming in research policies in the Spanish regions through the lens of policy transfer. Measures to tackle gender inequality in science have been developed at the EU, state and regional levels, thus enabling the three regions studied here – Galicia, the Basque Country and the Balearic Islands – to ‘borrow’ good practices from different layers of government. This article suggests that more nuanced frameworks, recognizing that multi-level settings are potential sites for complex lesson-drawing processes, are likely to offer greater explanatory depth.
Long-term exercise maintenance in COPD via telerehabilitation: a two-year pilot study
Authors: Zanaboni Paolo , Hoaas Hanne , Aarøen Lien Linda , Hjalmarsen Audhild , Wootton Richard
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an integral part of the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, many patients do not access or complete PR, and long-term exercise maintenance has been difficult to achieve after PR. This study aimed to investigate feasibility, long-term exercise maintenance, clinical effects, quality of life and use of hospital resources of a telerehabilitation intervention.

Methods

Ten patients with COPD were offered a two-year follow-up via telerehabilitation after attending PR. The intervention consisted of home exercise, telemonitoring and self-management via a webpage combined with weekly videoconferencing sessions. Equipment included a treadmill, a pulse oximeter and a tablet. Data collected at baseline, one year and two years were six-minute walking distance (6MWD), COPD assessment test (CAT), EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D), hospitalisations and outpatient visits.

Results

No dropout occurred. Physical performance, lung capacity, health status and quality of life were all maintained at two years. At one year, 6MWD improved by a mean of 40 metres from baseline, CAT decreased by four points and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) improved by 15.6 points.

Discussion

Long-term exercise maintenance in COPD via telerehabilitation is feasible. Results are encouraging and suggest that telerehabilitation can prevent deterioration and improve physical performance, health status and quality of life.
Cold-formed steel structures: Research review 2013–2014
Authors: Hancock GJ
Published: February 2016

This article reviews research on cold-formed steel structures published in 2013 and 2014 in three leading journals: the Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Thin-Walled Structures and the Journal of Constructional Steel Research. It also reviews papers published in the three main conferences in the area over the same period. These are Eurosteel 2014 (Naples, Italy), the 7th International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures (Busan, Korea) and the 22nd International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (St Louis, MO, USA). Three research areas which have recently been incorporated in the North American Specification NAS S100:2012 or are being incorporated in the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4600 have been highlighted. These are the works on the semi-analytical finite strip method for sections in shear by the author and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, net section rupture by Associate Professor Lip Teh at the University of Wollongong and fire design by Professor Mahendran at Queensland University of Technology.
Influence of imperfections on the stiffness of regular scaffold structures
Authors: Ormaetxea Ainhoa Martinez , Öchsner Andreas
Published: February 2016

The manufacturing process of bone scaffold structures has an important influence on the final mechanical strength of the structure. When the structures are not produced properly, i.e. have imperfections such as missing parts or slightly displaced joints, they lose some of their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to see how different types of damage affect the structures and also if their effects are equal when the structure is subjected to different load conditions. The change of the mechanical behavior was determined using the commercial finite element software MSC Marc Mentat. In turn, the damage was introduced by manipulating the structure’s files (ASCII data files) using the programming language Fortran. Apart from the numerical simulations, experimental testing was also performed to verify the numerical results. In the frame of this study, useful information for further research is provided.
Diesel flame imaging and quantitative analysis of in-cylinder soot oxidation
Authors: Kamimoto Takeyuki , Uchida Noboru , Aizawa Tetsuya , Kondo Katsufumi , Kuboyama Tatsuya
Published: February 2016

This study concerns a quantitative analysis of late-cycle soot oxidation in diesel engines that focuses on two-dimensional KL factor images obtained by the two-color method. The spatially integrated KL factor was converted into the in-cylinder soot mass using a new formula of diesel soot emissivity. This methodology was applied to two combustion systems: a heavy-duty optical engine which was tuned for a higher fuel–air mixing capability and a rapid compression and expansion machine which had a lower mixing performance. The in-cylinder soot mass history during the last stage of soot oxidation phase was converted into a normalized soot mass history and was used for comparison with simulated soot mass history. A model calculation of in-cylinder soot mass history which was based on oxidation of a primary soot particle was performed with the surface-specific soot oxidation rate as a parameter. A value of the surface-specific soot oxidation rate was specified from the curve fitting approach between the experimental and simulated in-cylinder soot mass traces. The resultant soot oxidation rates plotted on the Arrhenius diagram were found to lie in domains with different oxidation mechanisms. The reason for the scattered plots was discussed referring to model predictions of soot oxidation in the literature, and it was concluded that the higher oxidation rates could be attributed to well-mixed soot oxidizer structure.
Longitudinal functional models with structured penalties
Authors: Kundu Madan G. , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Randolph Timothy W.
Published: February 2016

This article addresses estimation in regression models for longitudinally collected functional covariates (time-varying predictor curves) with a longitudinal scalar outcome. The framework consists of estimating a time-varying coefficient function that is modelled as a linear combination of time-invariant functions with time-varying coefficients. The model uses extrinsic information to inform the structure of the penalty, while the estimation procedure exploits the equivalence between penalized least squares estimation and a linear mixed model representation. The process is empirically evaluated with several simulations and it is applied to analyze the neurocognitive impairment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and its association with longitudinally-collected magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) curves.
Light diffuseness metric Part 1: Theory
Authors: Xia L , Pont SC , Heynderickx I
Published: February 2016

The light density, direction and diffuseness are important indicators of the spatial and form-giving character of light. Mury presented a method to describe, measure and visualise the light field’s structure in terms of light density and direction variations in three-dimensional spaces. We extend this work with a theoretical and empirical review of four diffuseness metrics leading to a novel metric proposal DXia. In particular, the relationships between these diffuseness metrics were studied using a model named ‘probe in a sphere’. Diffuseness metric DXia re-frames the diffuseness metric of Cuttle in an integral description of the light field. It fulfils all diffuseness criteria and has the advantage that it can be used in a global, integrated description of the light flow and diffuseness throughout three-dimensional spaces.
A numerical analysis of recent colour rendition metrics
Authors: Khanh TQ , Vinh QT , Bodrogi P
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to show a possible way to move forward to a usable method for lighting practitioners to characterise and optimise the colour quality of white light sources for general interior lighting. First, correlations between recent colour rendition (colour quality) metrics are analysed. Second, linear and quadratic combinations of the two recently published Illuminating Engineering Society of North America metrics ( Rf and Rg) are suggested to approximate two selected visually relevant colour quality metrics, the Memory Colour Quality Index and the NIST Colour Quality Scale Qp index. Numeric values of the optimum coefficients of these ( Rf, Rg) combinations are provided for a comprehensive set of 546 light source spectral power distributions in two correlated colour temperature groups, warm white and cool white. The performance of the different combinations used to describe the metrics ranged between poor and good.
Bullying and Other Forms of Peer Victimization in Adolescence and Alcohol Use
Authors: Maniglio Roberto
Published: February 2016

To examine the relationship between bullying and other forms of peer victimization in adolescence and alcohol use or misuse, all the pertinent studies were reviewed. Fourteen databases were searched. Blind assessments of study eligibility and quality were performed by two independent researchers. Seventy-four studies including 2,066,131 participants across 56 countries all over the world and meeting minimum quality criteria that were enough to ensure objectivity and to not invalidate results were analyzed. Across studies, evidence for a significant association between peer victimization and alcohol use or misuse was conflicting. Results were affected by sample size, definition of victim status, specific forms of peer victimization, and specific types of alcohol consumption. There was some evidence for a number of mediating or moderating variables, such as depression, coping, drinking motives, attachment to school, social support, and gender. Findings are discussed according to stress-coping and self-medication hypotheses. Alternative etiological mechanisms are also considered.
The Impact of Expectations, Match Importance, and Results in the Stock Prices of European Football Teams
Authors: Godinho Pedro , Cerqueira Pedro
Published: February 2016

We analyze the relation between stock returns and results in national league matches for 13 clubs of six European countries. We assume that the stock prices should only respond to the unexpected component of match results, and we use betting odds to separate the expected component of results from the unexpected one. We consider both the unweighted results and the results weighted by a new measure of match importance that we propose. When this measure is used, a significant relation between the results and stock performance is found for most teams.