bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelos de desarrollo de la viruela del maní Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Marinelli A. , March G. J. , Alcalde M.
Published: September 2024

The incidence of leaf spot on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Runner) caused by a complex of Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, was evaluated during the 1986/87, 1987/88, and 1988/89 growing seasons. Three non-linear models were used for describing disease progress in time. The models' evaluation criteria include significant estimated parameters, randomness of the residuals, the standard deviation about the regression line, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The fits were better for Exponential and Logistic models in 1986/87 and 1988/89, and for Logistic and Gompertz models in 1987/88.
Micropropagación de Actinidia chinensis Planch. (Kiwi). Optimización del medio de cultivo para la propagación clonal en gran escala
Authors: Radice S. , Caso O. H.
Published: September 2024

Micropropagation of Actinidia chinensis Planch. cv. Hayward (kiwi) plants was possible by the culture of resting buds excised in August. The initiation of explant growth and the proliferation of axillary buds were achieved using the MS (1962) salt formulation, organic compounds from Standardi (1983), 20 g/L sucrose, and 1 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L GA3. After 30 days, a multiplication rate of 4-5 was obtained. Root formation was possible when the macronutrient composition of MS was reduced by half, with the same sucrose concentration and the addition of IBA and PPZ, both at 1 mg/L. A rooting percentage of 95% was obtained after 30 days. The presented protocol resulted in the production of nearly 1000 hardened plantlets.
Análisis de los daños causados por la amazona de frente azul en un huerto de cítricos en Tucumán , Argentina
Authors: Navarro J. L. , Martella M. B. , Chediack A.
Published: September 2024

Damage by Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) to citrus fruits was studied from May to September 1990 in an orchard in the NE of Tucumán province, Argentina. All fruits on the ground beneath 140 sampled trees (orange, lemon, and grapefruit) were counted. Only those fruits exhibiting the characteristic injury produced by Blue-fronted Amazons were accounted for in damage estimates. The damage caused by this psittacid was low (1% in total) and of little economic significance for the orchardist. Oranges were the most affected citrus species (2% damage).
Número cromosómico de Setaria leiantha (Poaceae)
Authors: Manero de Zumelzú D. , Ochoa de Suárez B.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this communication is to present the chromosome number of three ecotypes of this species from the Capital, Río Primero and Punilla departments of the Province of Córdoba. Chromosome counts were performed on root apices following the technique used by Ochoa de Suárez and Manero de Zumelzú (1983).
El papel del ácido jasmónico y giberelinas en la ontogenia de las plantas considerando especialmente el desarrollo de los frutos
Authors: Wilfried Dathe
Published: September 2024

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its analogues have attracted the interest of plant physiologists due to their widespread occurrence within the plant kingdom, their effectiveness as promoters of senescence, and their role as endogenous factors in plant development involved in various physiological processes. This paper discusses the possible roles of these compounds at different stages of plant ontogeny. The focus is on the germination process and seedling growth, the growth and senescence of vegetative organs, and the reproductive stages of development, particularly fruit formation.
Gibberellins (GAs) appear to be involved in the regulation of fruit set. Investigations in Carica papaya have shown that the very active GAs GA1 and GA3 are dominant in young developing fruits, while GA55 and a neutral GA3 conjugate are the major components in yellow fruits destined for abscission. The occurrence of low-activity GAs in abscising fruits seems to be connected with the physiological processes leading to abscission.
La determinación de la senescencia en las plantas
Authors: Trippi Victorio S.
Published: September 2024

Senescence is interpreted by some authors to be a genetically controlled process; nevertheless, there is evidence that the internal and external environments are also involved in its control. Thus, for example, the increase in the C/N ratio, an alteration of living matter characteristic of senescence, could originate from an inhibition of nitrate reductase by high oxygen pressures. The evolution of senescence parameters under the action of oxygen pressure indicates that the process accelerates directly in correlation with the concentration of this gas. Likewise, free radicals and enzymes seem to be involved in the degradation of chlorophylls and proteins. In the case of chlorophylls, all known toxic species of oxygen (O₂, ¹O₂, HO·, H₂O₂) can bleach the pigment, and enzymatic degradation itself involves the participation of free radicals.In regards to proteolysis, four proteases have been detected in Avena chloroplasts, among them an endopeptidase whose activity increases under oxidative conditions. The sensitivity of some chloroplast proteins to the action of free radicals has also been established.
Identificación en base a características epidérmicas de especies forrajeras nativas del bosque chaqueño occidental de la provincia de Córdoba. I. Poáceas
Authors: Gil S. P. , Pons Stella Maris , Ruiz Gustavo M.
Published: September 2024

Identification by means of the epidermal characteristics of forage native species of the region phytogeographic Chaqueño Occidental Forest of the Córdoba province. I. Poaceae. The abaxial epidermis of leaves from 25 forage, native, representative Poaceae species of the region phytogeographic Chaqueño Occidental Forest was studied. All of them occurred in a xerophytic area, located 19 km north of Quilino, in the Córdoba province, Argentina. A detailed description of the costal and intercostal epidermal zones was made. Results were arranged in dichotomic keys, allowing the identification of the species by their epidermis. Analyzed characters: silica bodies, long intercostal cells, short cells, silica suberous pairs, prickles, microhairs, macrohairs, papillae, and stomata, resulted taxonomically relevant in all cases.
Exploring Repeat Substance Abuse in Female Offenders: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Serapion Shar Ainie A
Published: September 2024

Substance abuse relapse contributes to the Philippines' ongoing problem. Stigmatization and a lack of appropriate aftercare services impede the development of crucial skills for successful reintegration into society. To address the essential issue of relapse from substance addiction, this study seeks to provide information specific to the issues that lead to repeat substance abuse in female offenders. The nation's rising relapse rates and the serious implications of their acts highlight the importance of this study. To prevent relapse and enhance rehabilitation, it is critical to identify and address the underlying causes. Utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), eight (8) repeat substance abuse female offenders ages 38-53 years old who were jailed twice for substance abuse in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines, were asked using a semi-structured interview. This study generated ten (10) themes which were: Longing for Loved Ones, Strict Protocols, Difficult Tasks, and Unappetizing Foods; Therapeutic Programs; Mixed Emotions, Family Reintegration, Working Habits; Negative Labeling, Insufficient Support from Family and/or Peers; Physical and Mental Well-Being; Livelihood and Socialization; Positivity and Resilience; Dealing with Relapse; Family Problem and Acquaintances; and Lack of Psychological Support. Consequently, an improved diversion program was created to help prevent the relapse of female drug re-offenders after being released from jail.
Known from trees and the tropics: new insights into the Fusarium lateritium species complex
Authors: Costa M.M. , Sandoval-Denis M. , Moreira G.M. , Kandemir H. , Kermode A. , Buddie A.G. , Ryan M.J. , Becker Y. , Yurkov A. , Maier W. , Groenewald J.Z. , Pfenning L.H. , Crous P.W.
Published: September 2024

The Fusarium lateritium species complex (FLSC) currently comprises 11 phylogenetic species, including accepted names such as F. lateritium, F. sarcochroum, and F. stilboides, which have mostly been reported in association with citrus and coffee. Many varieties
were documented by Wollenweber & Reinking (1935), which is indicative of a wider diversity of species within this group. The lack of type material in some cases, especially for the older names, means that definition by molecular phylogeny is very difficult. In the present study, we examined
179 strains related to F. lateritium from different countries and substrates. Historic reference material, including representative strains from the Wollenweber & Reinking (1935) varieties were included in this study, DNA sequences were generated for comparison, and the morphology
correlated with original descriptions to enable the correct application of older names. Strains were characterized by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of the β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin(CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and
translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) genes, evaluation of morphological characters and host-substrate preferences. The biological species concept was tested by crossings in vitro. Strains previously identified as F. lateritium, F. stilboides, or one of their
varieties based on morphology, were found to belong to 16 species in the FLSC, but also to species from six other species complexes (SC), including the F. citricola SC, F. heterosporum SC, F. incarnatum-equiseti SC, F. redolens SC, F. sambucinum SC, and the
F. tricinctum SC. Eleven new phylogenetic and two biological species are described in the FLSC, and emended descriptions are provided for four previously described species. An epitype is designated for F. lateritium, and F. lateritium var.longum, a former variety within
the FLSC, is lecto- and epitypified, and elevated to species level with a replacement name.
Trends in fertility preferences among Italian young adults
Authors: Luppi Francesca , Bellani Daniela , Rosina Alessandro
Published: September 2024

In examining Italy's low fertility rates, recent studies emphasize the role played by socio-economic factors, uncertainty, and welfare state. However, emerging research highlights a potential downward revision of fertility ideals among younger generations. Our study analyses fertility desires, expectations, and the perceived value of having children among young adults in Italy from 2012 to 2022. Findings reveal a growing tendency of being childfree and not expecting to have children in life. In particular, they indicate a nuanced demographic gradient: we observe a decline in fertility desires and expectations with age, and a significant increase in the likelihood of not desiring children for women. Educational background, which was positively associated with fertility desires at the beginning of the observational period, in post-pandemic shows a negative or null relationship. Our study highlights the need for robust, harmonized cross-country surveys to better understand new fertility ideals across different socio-demographic contexts.
Wellbeing in the Margins: Notes on a New Conceptual Cartography
Authors: Loera Gonzalez Juan Jaime
Published: September 2024

Wellbeing is becoming an emerging concept representing a new paradigm that might help orient development policies. I believe indigenous people and social movements in Latin America are providing the case to rethink this debate in new light. I will explore how the Rarámuri people, like other minority groups living in the margins of nation-states and global markets, are constrained to act strategically to face political and socio-economic exclusion fluctuating between the tension of having the right to live differently and the need to be part of the larger society. Specifically, I want to explore how these wellbeing notions can be better understood if we consider the idea of the margins, as a conceptual space and as a place where notions (such as wellbeing) are created, configured and reconfigured by the articulations of forces that interact in dynamic and complex ways.
INGOs in Haiti: Development Actors as agents for Alternatives to Development?
Authors: Schöneberg Julia
Published: September 2024

NGOs, particularly those seeking to imagine and practice alternatives, are confronted with the pitfalls of this aspiration and the reality of being a part of the structured mainstream development apparatus. Very little practical research has been conducted so far, both about the consequences for their work, as well as conflicts within Post-Development theory itself. Indeed, although Post-Development has been discussed extensively on a theoretical level and been criticized for lacking propositions of concrete and constructive alternatives, spaces for a practical Post-Development implementation have yet to be explored. In this discussion I thus aim to investigate what practical contribution Post-Development has to offer for progressive development work. For this reason, the focus is laid on partnerships and cooperation between Haitian and international NGOs.
Commodity Hubs: production of space and new geographies of capital
Authors: Giraudo Maria Eugenia
Published: September 2024

The commodity boom and consequent expansion of production has encouraged the emergence of logistical and processing hubs that are functional to the expansion of a commodity production chain and necessary for the extraction of natural resources. It is by creating these corridors designed to reach global markets that the soybean complex has been able to expand and increase its profitability, deepening the extractivist nature of agribusiness in the region. This post looks at the case of the complex of Gran Rosario, an agro-industrial cluster installed on the shores of the Paraná River that has become one of the largest and most efficient hubs for commodity transports in the world, and argues that while usually natural conditions are claimed to be the reasons for its formation, it is a process of concentration of capital and production of space that gives birth to these commodity hubs.
"Vivir Bien": A Discourse and Its Risks for Public Policies — The Case of Child Labour and Exploitation in Indigenous Communities of Bolivia
Authors: Chambi Ruben Dario
Published: September 2024

The Código Niño Niña Adolescente (CNNA) (the “Boy, Girl and Adolescent Code”) was amended and approved in 2014 amid critical and supporting opinions. For the first time in Bolivia and Latin America something unprecedented occurred: a state had defined its policy reforms in negotiation and dialogue with representatives of working children and adolescents (Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes Trabajadores, NATs). In 2005, the government of Evo Morales started, as part of its political strategy, to work together with social, indigenous and peasant organizations. Child labour policies were not excluded from this new model. This way, the participation of child workers in meetings with the president and ministers evoked recognition by the population and media. However, gaps in definitions of labour, exploitation, educational work and others are still a pending issue. As for now, the reduction of the minimum age for employment has attracted international attention and the International Labour Organizationm has already expressed its disagreement. However, it is important to warn about the danger of the existence of discursive backgrounds, in this case the "Vivir Bien", in public policy as a limiting factor in this and other important issues in development programs.
Beyond Identity and the State: The Crisis of the Latin American Progressive Cycle
Authors: Muñoz Gerardo
Published: September 2024

In this introduction, Gerardo Muñoz discusses the question underpinning this dossier, as we seem to witness the crisis of the Latin American progressive cycle. The contributions collected are varied in style and argumentation, as well as in the case studies discussed. Yet, they are not meant to be read as comprehensive reflections on the region throughout these years. Instead, each of the contributions essentially should be read as evoking a paradigm that allows us to rethink a problem or a series of problems that traverse different key sites. These are also conjectural texts, but to the extent that they seek to think through central issues of Latin America politics, they also exceed the established temporal parameters fixed by the ‘untimely present’ or the ‘actual movement’ of contemporaneity. There is a tension throughout across the articles that point to different ways of understanding the ‘crisis’ (which is fundamentally the crisis or krenein of thought, that is, of judgment).
The Exhaustion of the Progressive Political Cycle in Latin America and Posthegemonic Reflection
Authors: Muñoz Gerardo
Published: September 2024

More than a decade since the eruption of the “progressive cycle” of Latin American governments, a question has become inevitable after the recent presidential elections in Argentina: what is left of the Latin American Left? Is it still possible to isolate divergent tendencies in the Latin American progressive wave at the current moment of generalized international financial domination? Does the question of the ‘exhaustion’ of the progressive cycle not open a gap that invites us to think beyond the popular distinction of the “two Lefts”, proposed by Jorge Castañeda (2006), that strategically separated a “good democratic left” committed to liberalism and the market from an “authoritarian” one, heir to populist and caudillo legacies of the Latin American political tradition?
Allende, Evo, Over
Authors: Ajens Andrés , Gil-Montero Michelle
Published: September 2024

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Water Conflicts in the Elqui River Watershed: New Water Territories Challenging Chilean Water Institutional Framework
Authors: Artero Chloé Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Chilean extractive development model remains on a neoliberal water-management institutional framework edified by Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship and perpetuated by the Concertation of Parties for Democracy governments (Tecklin et al. 2011). This model therefore appears as an example of new forms of extractivism in Latin America (Gudynas 2011), which can be defined as a “patrón de acumulación basado en la sobreexplotación de recursos naturales, en gran parte no renovables, así como en la expansión de las fronteras hacia territorios antes considerados como «improductivos»” (Svampa, 2013:33). It was implemented during the dictatorship by means of structural reforms opposed to the Unidad Popular government policies headed by Salvador Allende. Several laws encouraged foreign investments to develop new strategic export industries such as mining, agriculture, hydroelectric energy, forestry or pisciculture (Quiroja 1994). Moreover, the current constitution, enacted in 1980, represents the core of the neoliberal institutional framework currently shaping the Chilean state (Moulian 2002). This article aims to analyze the plurality of water conflicts existing at the watershed level in an extractivist context.
Governance in "Murky Waters": the Political Fields of Water Extractivism in Honduras
Authors: Gentes Ingo
Published: September 2024

Profound changes in public administration after the presidential elections in Honduras (2013) resulted in a re-structuring and regrouping of public institutions and autonomous entities for the relevant legislative period (2014-2018). These adjustments, thought as a “new public-private co-management” – aimed to “…tangible impacts not only within the administration but also within communities and scattered settlements which, in turn, are expected to be both, beneficiaries as well as participants in innovative sectorial and public policies programs.” The governments’ goal was to carry out a National Plan for Water and Sanitation (PLANASA, Plan Nacional de Agua y Saneamiento) together with a still pending financial sector policy for the WASH sector (CONASA, 2013b, c, 2014). Both politics established different mechanisms and instruments as well as strategic guidelines according to the Framework Law for Water and Sanitation (2003, FLWS, Ley Marco de Agua Potable y Saneamiento). New secretaries and institutional entities generated adjoined existing ones in their technical and administrative mandate.
Seed Sovereignty Struggles in an Emberá-Chamí Community in Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Escobar Laura
Published: September 2024

Laura Gutierrez’ article takes us to Riosucio, in the North West of Colombia, where the Embera-Chami indigenous people of the region have organised to promote and protect their agricultural sovereignty. Laura examines the intricacies of the seed conflicts that take place in this country, where the government and industrial agriculture associations have promoted the use of certified seeds, while Embera-Chami communities have challenged this system through the development of their own networks of seed saving, multiplication, and reproduction. These conflicts constitute struggles over seed sovereignty, that is, over the way seeds are produced, owned, circulated, saved, and endowed with meanings and spirituality. However, these struggles reveal a larger battle over autonomy and place-based ways of inhabiting and sustaining territory. These conflicts are the manifestation of the coloniality of power that continues to promote Euro-American models and knowledges as superior, and Latin American agricultural and botanical knowledges as inferior. The seed, as a living organism that interacts with humans, and as a recipient of cultural, symbolic, and economic values, is at the core of the struggle between colonialism and local resistance, and thus serves as a lens through which these conflicts can be analysed.
Control, Utility and Formalization at the "Frontier": Contested Discourses on Agriculture in Eastern Colombia
Authors: Jenss Alke
Published: September 2024

This article explores the deep transformation of the Altillanura region in Colombia, where the expansion of the agricultural frontier has brought to light the dynamics of the ‘economies of dispossession and land appropriation’ (Jenss, 2017, this issue) that underpin the extractive model dominating Colombian development. Alke offers an overview of the principal mechanisms through which these dynamics are expressed, particularly the expansion of new ‘Economic Zones’ of production and the growth of large-scale plantations which are institutionalised through the pervasive development plans and legislation. The tensions around traditional forms of land tenure and the necessity to offer ‘clear’ property rights to encourage investments in the Altillanura region clearly demonstrate the key tensions in the region, where small farmers and indigenous communities’ clash with large transnational corporations over the expansion of the agricultural frontier.
From La Boca to La Stocka
Authors: West Neil
Published: September 2024

In this short reflection piece, we hear from Neil West, who recently co-organised a project between artists in La Boca in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Stockport, near Manchester in the UK. The piece brings together anecdotes and personal photographs as documentation of collective, cultural political practice.
Comunalidad, Development and Indigenous Rights in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Doyle Rosie
Published: September 2024

In the 1980s, in the Southern State of Oaxaca in Mexico, a group of civil society organisations, anthropologists and indigenous intellectuals posed a challenge to state-led development. They engaged with the long history of colonialism and injustices faced by indigenous Mexicans, analysed the changing nature of the relationship between local indigenous and rural communities and the state, and proposed a renovation of communal practice and the development of autonomous government based on consensual decision making as a basis for an alternative anti-poverty strategy. They called this Comunalidad, and supporters of Comunalidad engaged with the emerging indigenous rights legislation. Comunalidad can be understood in the context of the Latin American anti-development, anti-capitalist tradition. The movements and projects established as part of the movement have been effective in developing community identity and defending the cultural autonomy of communities in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca. Understanding Oaxacan Comunalidad is important for getting at the 'narrative behind the numbers' of contemporary development policy. Comunalidad anti-poverty strategies revolved around community development rather than economic development and serve as a useful example of a local approach to development.
Challenges for Implementation of Project-Based Learning at Universities
Authors: Sirotkina Nadezhda Gennadevna , Pavlovskaia Svetlana Vladimirovna , Zueva Elena Evgenevna
Published: September 2024

The gap between qualification of university graduates and real market demands, which has been observed over the last decades, reveals the challenge of deploying project-based educational technologies in higher education. The chapter is aimed at analyzing findings of applying a project-based approach in higher education in Russia. The study was carried out over the period of 3 years involving interviews of freshmen. The research discloses the major benefits and possible hurdles engaged in the process of introducing project-based technology in Russian higher education. The most significant positive results noted by the respondents, were the acquisition of team work experience and development of communication skills. Among the problems associated with the implementation of project tasks, the greatest challenge is presented by the task of building communications with outside organizations. A conclusion was drawn that the key obstacles for first-year students are linked to secondary school education. This can be explained by the current dominating role of traditional teaching methods at schools discouraging the development of practical skills. The study has shown that gaps in school education can be largely solved already in the first year within the framework of project-based learning. The above given evidence makes it possible to conclude that it is necessary to introduce various forms of project-oriented activities into the school curricula. Findings of the empirical research carried out in the study have major implications for teachers in higher educational establishments who are involved into guiding project-based activities of first year students.
Problems of formation of modern professionals in Russian universities in the conditions of political and economic sanctions against Russia and ways of their solution
Authors: Kiselev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2024

Higher education is the most important factor in the country's economic development, meeting its needs for professionals trained in universities who are capable of implementing the strategy of technological leadership and making the national economy effective and competitive in the context of political and economic sanctions against Russia. Much attention is paid today by higher education authorities to organizing educational work in universities and involving students in various «activities», which is often done in universities even by removing students from classes. However, due to political and economic sanctions against Russia, the national economy is experiencing a major shortage of professional personnel, which can and should be replenished by university graduates. As a result, higher education authorities and Russian universities should currently pay special attention to the development of higher education as professional education. Unfortunately, administrative and economic methods prevail in matters of the content and organization of higher education in universities, reducing the effectiveness of the development of higher education, namely as professional education. This is due to the fact that the management of universities is forced to pay more attention to financial issues in order to optimize and reduce costs, receive (earn) money through grant activities, implement business contracts, change staffing by increasing the intensity of teachers' work, etc. The study of the situation with Russian higher education, including the method of included observation, allows us to identify problems in the field of training modern professionals in domestic universities. At the same time, the «new model» of Russian higher education, which is planned to be implemented in universities by higher education authorities in the near future, from the standpoint of its possible effectiveness raises many doubts that it will ensure the predictive development of higher education as professional education and will allow meeting the needs of the national economy in the professionals it needs. As a result, the issue of solving all the problems identified in the work, both in higher education itself and with higher education itself, becomes relevant. Based on the analysis, including the conclusions of experts and specialists in the field of higher education development, the needs of organizations for university graduates, a number of measures are proposed that allow, to a certain extent, to solve the existing problems in the area under consideration.
Methodology and methodology of conducting scientific research in the field of jurisprudence: towards the formulation of the question
Authors: Anisimova Olga Evgenevna , Anisimov Vladimir Anisimov vladimir petrovich , Pindus Iaroslav Marianovich
Published: September 2024

The chapter is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the study of the issue of the main methodological approaches to conducting scientific research in the field of jurisprudence, as well as research methods and methods for implementing methodological approaches when conducting scientific research in the field of jurisprudence. The authors come to the following conclusion: an accurate and clear definition of the research methodology will determine the effective outcome.
Geografía y ApS para la enseñanza social, espacial, cultural y territorial en la universidad
Authors: Muñoz Espinosa Elena María , Fernández-Arroyo López-Manzanares Alfonso
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal promover el estudio de procesos y dinámicas complejas desde una perspectiva socioespacial, utilizando la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) en los Grados de Geografía. Metodología: Se analizaron sistemáticamente las guías docentes de las asignaturas obligatorias, troncales y de formación básica impartidas en los Grados de Geografía en España, a través de conceptos clave, para evaluar la implementación del enfoque ApS. Resultados: El análisis muestra que la implantación del enfoque ApS en los grados de Geografía en España ha sido limitada. Sin embargo, se identificaron casos en los que esta metodología ha demostrado un gran potencial para la educación superior. Discusión: A pesar de su escasa aplicación, el enfoque ApS y otros métodos activos han mostrado ser herramientas valiosas para el estudio geográfico, con propuestas heterogéneas que se coordinan en diferentes áreas del campo. Conclusiones: La metodología ApS tiene un gran potencial para enriquecer la educación en los Grados de Geografía, y se recomienda ampliar su implementación y coordinación con otros enfoques activos en el ámbito universitario.
Impacto de las migraciones en la población amerindia hispanoamericana
Authors: Ynsel Estelle
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Las migraciones existen desde tiempos remotos. Es un fenómeno mundial de causas diversas. Son dramas humanos que generan muchas tensiones. Los Incas, trasladaron poblaciones con un sistema único, los mitimaes. Las Leyes de Burgos, 1512, ponen de relieve la preocupación por el buen tratamiento de los indios trasladados. Metodología: Analizaré las disposiciones constitucionales e internacionales específicas a los Amerindios. Estudiaré las interacciones entre derechos comunicacionales directos e indirectos y derechos no comunicacionales, destacando a los Amerindios como pueblo y como individuos. Resultados: Sobre las 75 constituciones analizadas, sólo 2 tratan de los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario ; 4 de los traslados de personas y 14 de los migrantes. Los medios de comunicación evidencian fallos jurídicos. Discusión: Enumeraré los derechos específicos reconocidos a los migrantes, a los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario y a los pueblos trasladados. Estos derechos comunicacionales directos suelen interactuar con derechos comunicacionales indirectos : cultura, educación y con derechos no comunicacionales : tierra, territorio, medioambiente, condiciones de vida y trabajo, familia, salud, nutrición. Conclusiones: No hay igualdad entre los Amerindios de una etnia ya que es su ubicación, de un lado u otro de una frontera estatal, federal, nacional o internacional,  la que determina su protección.
La Universidad comprometida socialmente: esperanza y escepticismo
Authors: Martín María Teresa
Published: September 2024

Introducción: La misión social es actualmente compromiso social. Los objetivos del trabajo son indagar en el significado de ese compromiso social y aproximarse a algunas de las herramientas que lo sustentan. Metodología: Es estudio de Ciencias Sociales que utiliza fuentes de diversas naturaleza (textos legislativos, doctrinales e informes y estudios). Resultados: Las herramientas seleccionadas para el estudio están desigualmente implantadas. En España alcanzan un grado satisfactorio. Discusión: La Universidad comprometida no puede olvidar su función educadora y sus valores esenciales. Conclusiones: Debe reflexionarse sobre la Universidad comprometida con esperanza superando los factores de escepticismo.
Bioluminescent Test System Based on Recombinant L. mingrelica Firefly Luciferase as a Means of Investigating the Efficacy of Gentamicin Effect on E. coli Living Cells
Authors: Lomakina G. Yu , Kaminskaya S. S , Ugarova N. N
Published: September 2024

This paper highlights the possibilities of applicability of a test system based on E. coli BL-21 Codon Plus (DE3) living cells expressing pH-tolerant thermostable Luciola mingrelica firefly luciferase to study the kinetic mechanism by which aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin used in this study, act taking into account changes in the ATP and firefly luciferase levels inside and outside the cells. It has been shown that it is possible to evaluate the changes in cell viability, assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic action, and predict the formation of persisters after incubation of bacteria with antibiotic for 3 hours. The method is promising for rapid primary high-throughput screening of antibacterial agents and dosage forms to assess their effectiveness and mechanism of action.
Photodynamic and Plasmonic Photothermal Combination Therapy in a Rat Model of Transplanted Tumors
Authors: Bucharskaya A. B , Navolokin N. A , Mudrak D. A , Maslyakova G. N , Khlebtsov B. N , Khlebtsov N. G , Genin V. D , Genina E. A , Tuchin V. V
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to develop a combined technology which integrates plasmonic photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy of transplanted cholangiocarcinoma РС-1 in rats. For photodynamic therapy, rats received intratumoral injection of 2 mg/kg indocyanine green diluted in a 1:100 volume ratio with polyethylene glycol. For plasmonic photothermal therapy, the intratumoral injectate volume of gold nanorods (400 μg/ml) coated with polyethylene glycol for tumor was drawn up to be 30% to the tumor volume. One hour after injections, the tumor was irradiated percutaneously with an 808 nm infrared diode laser at a power density of 2.3 W/cm2 for 15 min. Animals were excluded from the experiment 72 and 21 days after therapy. Morphological studies of the tumor were performed on sections stained by standard protocols and immunohistochemical methods. A significant rise in tumor temperature, up to 60 ± 4.1°C, was noted during plasmonic photothermal therapy combined with photodynamic therapy. In 72 hours, the pronounced necrotic changes in the tumor tissue were observed, the residual tumor cell foci were found only in the periphery of the tumor. A significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed 21 days after therapy; the tumor growth inhibition index by tumor mass was 77.4%.
The Use of the Bioluminescent Enzyme Bioassay for the Analysis of Saliva of Railway Transport Workers to Monitor the Functional State of the Body in the Conditions of Labor Activity
Authors: Stepanova L. V , Kolenchukova O. A , Zhukova G. V , Sutormin O. S , Kratasyuk V. A
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes bioluminescent enzymatic assay of saliva as a non-invasive method for monitoring the functional state of the body. The value of luminescence intensity from coupled enzyme-based reaction catalyzed by NADH:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase, when exposed to saliva, served as an indicator of the state of the body of workers at work. The absence of a significant difference between profiles of bioluminescence before and after the shift and no changes in biochemical, physical and chemical parameters of saliva indicated that the bodies had adapted to a workload. An increased bioluminescent intensity value is typical for workers in a state of chronic fatigue, a decreased one points to the presence of chronic diseases and bad habits. The dependence of the bioluminescent intensity value on the concentration of lactate, lipid peroxidation products, ionic and mineral composition, the values of free radical oxidation and antiradical protection was identified. Thus, the dependence of the saliva constituents on conditions of life and health status of workers can be identified using bioluminescent enzyme bioassay that is suitable for rapid monitoring of the body at work.
Photobiology in Russia
Authors: Tsygankov A. A , Borisova-Mubarakshina M. M , Vysotsky E. S , Solovchenko A. E , Suvorov N. V , Tuchin V. V
Published: September 2024

Photobiology is a dynamically developing field of knowledge and practical activity. The Russian Photobiological Society promotes the development of creative activity and communication of scientists and practitioners in the field of photobiology and related disciplines. In September 2023, the X Congress of the Russian Photobiological Society took place. The article provides definitions of photobiology, biophotonics, photobiotechnology, and bioluminescence. A brief history of the Russian Photobiological Society is described, as well as an overview of the program and results of the X Congress, including a summary of articles prepared based on the materials of reports at the Congress, the topics closest to biophysics.
TAHAPAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK: DARI PENCITRAAN KATA HINGGA EKSPRESI KOMUNIKATIF
Authors: Atqia Wirani , Rafli Zaibal , Setiadi Samsi
Published: September 2024

Tahapan perkembangan bahasa pada anak merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan pencitraan kata hingga puncak ekspresi komunikatif. Proses ini dimulai sejak bayi mengenal suara-suara dalam lingkungannya, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi pemahaman terhadap kata-kata sederhana. Pada usia prasekolah, anak-anak mulai membangun kosakata serta memahami struktur dasar bahasa. Mereka belajar menggabungkan kata-kata menjadi kalimat sederhana dan mengembangkan kemampuan menyimak dan berbicara. Selama fase ini, penting bagi orang tua dan pengasuh untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang kaya akan bahasa, memfasilitasi eksplorasi anak terhadap kata-kata dan frasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pada masa sekolah, anak-anak memperluas pemahaman mereka tentang bahasa dengan mempelajari tata bahasa, kosa kata yang lebih kompleks, dan kemampuan berbicara dan menulis yang lebih maju. Tahapan perkembangan bahasa anak juga melibatkan aspek sosial dan emosional. Anak-anak belajar menggunakan bahasa untuk menyampaikan kebutuhan, emosi, dan membangun hubungan sosial. Ekspresi komunikatif mereka mencerminkan tidak hanya pemahaman mereka tentang bahasa tetapi juga keterampilan sosial dan kecerdasan emosional yang berkembang. Pemahaman tentang tahapan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi orang tua, pendidik, dan para profesional yang bekerja dengan anak-anak. Hal ini membantu mereka merancang lingkungan yang mendukung perkembangan bahasa anak serta mengidentifikasi dan menangani potensi masalah perkembangan bahasa yang mungkin timbul.
KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA BUDAYA PADA PROSESI “BEDABUNG” DALAM PERNIKAHAN ADAT BENGKULU
Authors: Diana Eli
Published: September 2024

Adat budaya tidak berdiri dengan sendirinya tanpa ada maksud dan tujuan tertentu dari komunitas penggunanya. Kadang kita sebagai generasi penerus hanya bertindak sebagai penerus tanpa mengetahui makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Alangkah berfaedahnya jika sebuah ritual, adat, kebiasaan secara turun-temurun tersebut dilaksanakan diiringi dengan pemahaman yang mumpuni. Ritual bedabung di kota Bengkulu adalah salah satu contohnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyibak apa makna di balik simbol-simbol yang ditemukan dalam acara ini, baik dari segi tahapan prosesinya maupun properti-properti yang digunakan yang dikemas dalam penelitian semiotika budaya.  Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini dilaksanakan di kota Bengkulu dengan teknik observasi langsung di lapangan, wawancara secara mendalam dengan pemuka adat dan masyarakat, serta melakukan studi pustaka.  Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teori Roland Barthes yang membedakan 2 sistem pemaknaan dari simbol-simbol, yakni denotatif dan konotatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  pada  setiap tahapan acara ini (berpamitan kepada calon mempelai laki-laki, sungkem kepada kedua orang tua, bercukur, mengikir gigi,  dan menikmati sajian bedabung) dan properti yang digunakan (nasi kunyit, rujak pengantin, beras, kelapa, pisang, gula merah, daun sirih, sekapur sirih, dan gendang serunai) terkandung  harapan-harapan yang mulia untuk keberlangsungan rumah tangga kedua mempelai dan mengisyaratkan beberapa pesan moral kepada kedua mempelai agar dapat menjalani bahtera rumah tangga dengan damai dan sejahtera.
SUBALTERN DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NASKAH DRAMA HAH KARYA PUTU WIJAYA
Authors: Oktafiana Ilma , Kadamehang Gerry , Iryani Latifah , Kartika Aulia Cika
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan adanya subaltern dalam naskah drama HAH karya Putu Wijaya dan nilai pendidikan karakter. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik membaca berulang dan menelaah bagian-bagian yang dianggap penting untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini juga didiskusikan dengan teman sejawat agar mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya subaltern tokoh utama dalam lingkup sosial dan lingkup ekonomi. Tidak hanya berhenti di situ saja, bentuk perlawanan dari kaum subaltern juga ditemukan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga penulis menyisipkan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam empat kategori, yaitu: rendah hati, kerja keras, kesadaran, dan harga diri. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan hasil yang didapatkan dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan bagi pembaca dan peneliti khususnya dalam bidang sastra Indonesia pengkajian naskah drama.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) KELAS VII MTS NEGRI BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Chusnia Anadifatul , Mujianto Gigit
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) pertama untuk menemukan bentuk tindak tutur direktif guru beserta fungsi yang terdapat di dalam tuturannya; (2) mengetahui langkah-langkah guru dalam menerapkan Model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL) MTs Negeri Balikpapan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berwujud kata, frase, kalimat, dan ungkapan yang terdapat dalam vidio pembelajaran mahasiswa PPL 1 Universitas Muhammaiyah Malang. Sedangkan, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu vidio pembelajaran mahasiswa PPG Universitas Muhammaiyah Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, dan catatan transkrip. Analisis data yang digunakan dengan mengumpulkan data kemudian hasilnya disimpulakan.  Hasil penelitian ini yaitu a) adanya bentuk-bentuk tindak tutur direktif guru peneliti menggunakan teori Ibrahin, b) menunjukkan bahwa guru banyak menggunakan tindak tutur direktif permintaan, pertanyaan, persyaratan dan memberi nasihat. Kemudian adanya penerapan model project based learning (PJBL) ini siswa mampu menyelesaikan proyek dengan tepat waktu tanpa bergantung pada guru.
NILAI KEPAHLAWANAN DALAM NOVEL NEGERI PARA BEDEBAH KARYA TERE LIYE DAN IMPLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Nurulanningsih Nurulanningsih , Mujayanah Horidatul
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan nilai heroisme dalam novel Negeri Para Bedebah karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dan metode deskriptif. Objek penelitian ini adalah nilai heroisme dalam novel Negeri Para Bedebah karya Tere Liye.   Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini berupa kalimat atau kutipan teks yang berkaitan dengan nilai heroism. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, dilanjutkan dengan teknik lanjutan yakni baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi, sedangkan  teknik keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik trigulasi. Temuan nilai heroisme pada novel Negeri Para Bedebah karya Tere Liye yakni 2 data terkait nilai kepekaan, 2 data terkait nilai ikhlas, 2 data terkait nilai cinta, 2 data terkait nilai pengorbanan dan kesabaran, dan 2 data terkait nilai kesatuan. Temuan dalam penelitian ini diyakini dapat membentuk karakter siswa menjadi lebih baik. Siswa dapat mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai kepahlawanan pada novel Negeri Para Bedebah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Kata Kunci: Heroisme, pendidikan karakter, pembelajaran sastra
KETIDAKADILAN GENDER TERHADAP TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM NASKAH DRAMA DANGDUT GEROBAK DORONG KARYA RAIHAN ROBBY
Authors: Septiani Selly , Warni Warni , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk ketidakadilan gender terhadap tokoh perempuan yang terdapat dalam naskah drama Dangdut Gerobak Dorong Karya Raihan Robby. Penelitian berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan feminisme yang dikemukakan oleh Fakih. Data data berupa kata, kalimat, dan dialog dianalisis yang berdasarkan lima ketidakadilan yaitu marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotipe, kekerasan (violence) dan beban kerja. Bahan penelitian berasal dari naskah drama Dangdut Gerobak Dorong Karya Raihan Robby, yaitu satu diantara naskah drama pada buku Bayang(k)an terbitan Komite Teater Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, Taman Ismail Marzuki dengan cetakan pertama Desember 2022. Naskah ini terdapat di halaman 435-473. Hasil penelitian terhadap naskah drama Dangdut Gerobak Dorong Karya Raihan Robby menunjukkan adanya bentuk ketidakadilan yang dialami tokoh perempuan yaitu Tia. Data berupa ketidakadilan gender yang ditemukan adalah berupa kutipan dan dialog yang terdapat dalam naskah drama Dangdut Gerobak Dorong.
SEMIOTIKA PEIRCE DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN MENGHARDIK GERIMIS KARYA SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO
Authors: Kaniroh Kaniroh , Juidah Imas , Logita Embang
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Semiotika Peirce dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Menghardik Gerimis Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan ikon, indeks, dan simbol yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen Menghardik Gerimis karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Bagaimana relasi antara tanda-tanda dalam cerpen tersebut, yang berupa ikon, indeks dan simbol, karena itulah yang ingin penulis jelaskan dan deskripsikan pada penelitian ini. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan data yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik baca dan catat agar mengetahui isi cerpen yang akan dianalisis, sehingga dapat disimpulkan hasil pada penelitian ini mengenai semiotika Peirce yang terdapat dalam Kumpulan cerpen Menghardik Gerimis karya Sapardi Djoko Damono.