bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drosophila epidermal cells are intrinsically mechanosensitive and modulate nociceptive behavioral outputs
Authors: Yoshino Jiro , Mali Sonali S. , Williams Claire R. , Morita Takeshi , Emerson Chloe E. , Arp Christopher J. , Miller Sophie E. , Yin Chang , Thé Lydia , Hemmi Chikayo , Motoyoshi Mana , Ishii Kenichi , Emoto Kazuo , Bautista Diana M. , Parrish Jay Z.
Published: May 2024

Somatosensory neurons (SSNs) that detect and transduce mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli densely innervate an animal’s skin. However, although epidermal cells provide the first point of contact for sensory stimuli. our understanding of roles that epidermal cells play in SSN function, particularly nociception, remains limited. Here, we show that stimulating
Drosophila
epidermal cells elicits activation of SSNs including nociceptors and triggers a variety of behavior outputs, including avoidance and escape. Further, we find that epidermal cells are intrinsically mechanosensitive and that epidermal mechanically evoked calcium responses require the store-operated calcium channel Orai. Epidermal cell stimulation augments larval responses to acute nociceptive stimuli and promotes prolonged hypersensitivity to subsequent mechanical stimuli. Hence, epidermal cells are key determinants of nociceptive sensitivity and sensitization, acting as primary sensors of noxious stimuli that tune nociceptor output and drive protective behaviors.
A single-cell atlas of the miracidium larva of Schistosoma mansoni reveals cell types, developmental pathways, and tissue architecture
Authors: Attenborough Teresa , Rawlinson Kate A , Diaz Soria Carmen L , Ambridge Kirsty , Sankaranarayanan Geetha , Graham Jennie , Cotton James A , Doyle Stephen R , Rinaldi Gabriel , Berriman Matthew
Published: May 2024

Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic flatworm that causes the major neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first larval stage of the life cycle. It swims and infects a freshwater snail, transforms into a mother sporocyst, where its stem cells generate daughter sporocysts that give rise to human-infective cercariae larvae. To understand the miracidium at cellular and molecular levels, we created a whole-body atlas of its ~365 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified 19 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. In situ hybridisation of tissue-specific genes revealed that 93% of the cells in the larva are somatic (57% neural, 19% muscle, 13% epidermal or tegument, 2% parenchyma, and 2% protonephridia) and 7% are stem. Whereas neurons represent the most diverse somatic cell types, trajectory analysis of the two main stem cell populations indicates that one of them is the origin of the tegument lineage and the other likely contains pluripotent cells. Furthermore, unlike the somatic cells, each of these stem populations shows sex-biased transcriptional signatures suggesting a cell-type-specific gene dosage compensation for sex chromosome-linked loci. The miracidium represents a simple developmental stage with which to gain a fundamental understanding of the molecular biology and spatial architecture of schistosome cells.
Dynamic chromatin architecture identifies new autoimmune-associated enhancers for IL2 and novel genes regulating CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Pahl Matthew C. , Sharma Prabhat , Thomas Rajan M. , Thompson Zachary , Mount Zachary , Pippin James , Morawski Peter A. , Sun Peng , Su Chun , Campbell Daniel J. , Grant Struan F.A. , Wells Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic signals associated with autoimmune disease. The majority of these signals are located in non-coding regions and likely impact
cis
-regulatory elements (cRE). Because cRE function is dynamic across cell types and states, profiling the epigenetic status of cRE across physiological processes is necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which autoimmune variants contribute to disease risk. We localized risk variants from 15 autoimmune GWAS to cRE active during TCR-CD28 costimulation of naïve human CD4+ T cells. To characterize how dynamic changes in gene expression correlate with cRE activity, we measured transcript levels, chromatin accessibility, and promoter-cRE contacts across three phases of naive CD4+ T cell activation using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and HiC. We identified ∼1,200 protein-coding genes physically connected to accessible disease-associated variants at 423 GWAS signals, at least one-third of which are dynamically regulated by activation. From these maps, we functionally validated a novel stretch of evolutionarily conserved intergenic enhancers whose activity is required for activation-induced
IL2
gene expression in human and mouse, and is influenced by autoimmune-associated genetic variation. The set of genes implicated by this approach are enriched for genes shown by high-throughput CRISPR screens to control CD4+ T cell proliferation and function, and we pharmacologically validated 8 implicated genes as novel regulators of T cell activation. These studies directly show how autoimmune variants and the genes they regulate influence processes involved in CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation.
Compositional editing of extracellular matrices by CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of human mesenchymal stem cell lines
Authors: Prithiviraj Sujeethkumar , Garcia Alejandro Garcia , Linderfalk Karin , Yiguang Bai , Ferveur Sonia , Falck Ludvig Nilsén , Subramaniam Agatheeswaran , Mohlin Sofie , Hidalgo David , Dupard Steven J , Raina Deepak Bushan , Bourgine Paul E
Published: May 2024

Tissue engineering strategies predominantly rely on the production of living substitutes, whereby implanted cells actively participate in the regenerative process. Beyond cost and delayed graft availability, the patient-specific performance of engineered tissues poses serious concerns on their clinical translation ability. A more exciting paradigm consist in exploiting cell-laid, engineered extracellular matrices (eECM), which can be used as off-the-shelf materials. Here, the regenerative capacity solely relies on the preservation of the eECM structure and embedded signals to instruct an endogenous repair. We recently described the possibility to exploit custom human stem cell lines for eECM manufacturing. In addition to the conferred standardization, the availability of such cell lines opened avenues for the design of tailored eECMs by applying dedicated genetic tools. In this study, we demonstrated the exploitation of CRISPR/Cas9 as a high precision system for editing the composition and function of eECMs. Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (hMSC) lines were modified to knockout VEGF and RUNX2 and assessed for their capacity to generate osteoinductive cartilage matrices. We report the successful editing of hMSCs, subsequently leading to targeted VEGF and RUNX2-knockout cartilage eECMs. Despite the absence of VEGF, eECMs retained full capacity to instruct ectopic endochondral ossification. Conversely, RUNX2-edited eECMs exhibited impaired hypertrophy, reduced ectopic ossification and superior cartilage repair in a rat osteochondral defect. In summary, our approach can be harnessed to identify the necessary eECM factors driving endogenous repair. Our work paves the road towards the compositional eECMs editing and their exploitation in broad regenerative contexts.
LncRNA-Snhg3 Aggravates Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating PPARγ via SND1/H3K27me3
Authors: Xie Xianghong , Gao Mingyue , Zhao Wei , Li Chunmei , Zhang Weihong , Yang Jiahui , Zhang Yinliang , Chen Enhui , Guo Yanfang , Guo Zeyu , Zhang Minglong , Ngowi Ebenezeri Erasto , Wang Heping , Wang Xiaoman , Zhu Yinghan , Wang Yiting , Li Xiaolu , Yao Hong , Yan Li , Fang Fude , Li Meixia , Qiao Aijun , Liu Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

LncRNAs are involved in modulating the individual risk and the severity of progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), but their precise roles remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA
Snhg3
in the development and progression of MASLD, along with the underlying mechanisms.
In vitro
and
in vivo
experiments revealed that
Snhg3
is involved in lipid metabolism and steatosis. The result showed that
Snhg3
was significantly downregulated in the liver of high-fat-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Notably, palmitic acid promoted the expression of
Snhg3
and overexpression of
Snhg3
increased lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, knock-in and knock-out models showed significant changes in body and liver weight, heat production, total oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production. Hepatocyte-specific
Snhg3
deficiency alleviated hepatic steatosis in DIO mice, whereas overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically,
Snhg3
promoted the expression, stability and nuclear localization of SND1 protein via interacting with SND1, thereby inducing K63-linked ubiquitination modification of SND1. Moreover,
Snhg3
decreased the H3K27me3 level and induced SND1-mediated chromatin loose remodeling, thus reducing H3K27me3 enrichment at the
Pparγ
promoter and enhancing
Pparγ
expression. In addition, the administration of PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 improved
Snhg3
-aggravated hepatic steatosis. Our study revealed a new signaling pathway,
Snhg3
/SND1/H3K27me3/PPARγ, responsible for MASLD and indicates that lncRNA-mediated epigenetic modification has a crucial role in the pathology of MASLD.
Plasticity-led and mutation-led evolutions are different modes of the same developmental gene regulatory network
Authors: Ng Eden T.H. , Kinjo Akira R.
Published: May 2024

The standard theory of evolution proposes that mutations cause heritable variations, which are naturally selected, leading to evolution. However, this mutation-led evolution (MLE) is being questioned by an alternative theory called plasticity-led evolution (PLE). PLE suggests that an environmental change induces adaptive phenotypes, which are later genetically accommodated. According to PLE, developmental systems should be able to respond to environmental changes adaptively. However, developmental systems are known to be robust against environmental and mutational perturbations. Thus, we expect a transition from a robust state to a plastic one. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a gene regulatory network (GRN) model that integrates developmental processes, hierarchical regulation, and environmental cues. We then simulated its evolution over different magnitudes of environmental changes. Our findings indicate that this GRN model exhibits PLE under large environmental changes and MLE under small environmental changes. Furthermore, we observed that the GRN model is susceptible to environmental or genetic fluctuations under large environmental changes but is robust under small environmental changes. This indicates a breakdown of robustness due to large environmental changes. Before the breakdown of robustness, the distribution of phenotypes is biased and aligned to the environmental changes, which would facilitate rapid adaptation should a large environmental change occur. These observations suggest that the evolutionary transition from mutation-led to plasticity-led evolution is due to a developmental transition from robust to susceptible regimes over increasing magnitudes of environmental change. Thus, the GRN model can reconcile these conflicting theories of evolution.
Data Security Framework for Protecting Data in Transit and Data at Rest in the Cloud
Authors: Swanzy Percy Nathan , Abukari Arnold Mashud , Ansong Edward Danso
Published: May 2024

Data stored in the cloud is particularly vulnerable to attacks, especially when at rest or in transit. This makes the security of data in the cloud in terms of its integrity, confidentiality and availability a major security concern. While existing studies on cloud data security have garnered attention from cybersecurity researchers, there has been limited focus on developing a comprehensive data security framework that integrates both technical and social measures. The general objective of the study was to develop a data security framework for protecting data at rest and data in transit in the cloud. The qualitative research approach was chosen using interviews, archival records and physical artefacts as the source of data for the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, ten cyber security experts within the banking sector with not less than five years of practice were selected. Thematic analysis was used in analysing the collected data which led to the identification of the factors for the development of the framework. The study developed the framework for protecting data at rest and data in motion in the cloud based on the encryption technologies, installation of firewalls and antivirus as well as access control techniques. First Homomorphic encryption technologies were implemented in the framework to secure both storage devices and web connections. Other security factors were installation of firewall and antivirus. The findings revealed that access and usage control strategies integrate user identification and authentication. Additionally, these strategies incorporate safeguards for confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation, securing both data-at-rest and data-in-motion. The findings also indicated that audit trails provide electronic records that offer security support documentation and history that is used to authenticate operational actions and mitigate challenges with non-compliance. Additionally, the findings emphasized the importance of social strategies such as staff training and industry collaboration in enhancing data security. These strategies aim to raise awareness of security threats and inform best practices for securing organizational data. The study recommends that banks consider both technical and social aspects when implementing data protection security measures especially implementing homomorphic encryption to secure data and implement Cyber Security training policies.
The Influence of Container Types and Potting Media on the Biometric, Phenological and Yield Parameters of Strawberry Cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Wahlang Fenny Chealcy , Joseph Annjoe V , Mishra Saket
Published: May 2024

Strawberry being an annual herbaceous plant with delicious fruit can be easily grown in a container filled with a potting media and suitable for growing in terrace garden or rooftop gardening in urban areas where the area for cultivation is less. This intends to augment the farmer’s income and increase the overall production of strawberry. The study was conducted in the experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) during 2023-2024. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of container types and potting media on the biometric, phenological and yield parameters of strawberry cv. Winter Dawn. The experiment was laid out according to a factorial completely randomized block design. Observations on the biometric, phenological, and yield parameters of each plant were recorded during the study. The result of the statistical analysis revealed that among all the combinations of potting media, the combination of cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost in the ratio of 1:1:2 was found to be superior. Better biometric, phenological, and yield parameters were observed in plants grown in earthen pots. Based on the interaction effect, plants raised in PVC pots with a growing media ratio of 1:1:2 cocopeat + perlite + vermicompost (C2M1) result in maximum plant height (18.10 cm), plant spread (16.10 cm), number of leaves (26.67), number of fruits per plant (15.91) and total yield per plant (341.00 g). The study revealed that the minimum days to initiate first flower (47.10), flowering to harvest duration (27.67) and days to first fruiting (68.13) was reported in C2M1: PVC pots {(cocopeat + Perlite + Vermicompost) (1:1:2)}. Thus, strawberry production using cocopeat + perlite + vermicompost in 1:1:2 ratio in PVC Pots will ensure greater success in plant establishment and produce healthy and disease-free strawberries.
Platelets Regulates Cell Viability and VEGF-A mRNA Expression in HaCaT Cell Line
Authors: Marques Juliana , Souza-Menezes Jackson de
Published: May 2024

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous technique that uses centrifuged whole blood to concentrate platelets in plasma. The regenerative effect of PRP is attributed to platelets due to the release of growth factors involved in healing. This study sought to promote the isolation of platelets from PRP (PI-PRP) to identify the role of platelets in the modulation of cell surviving and VEGF-A mRNA expression. The coculture protocol with PI-PRP/ keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was established. Cellular viability by MTT, membrane integrity by trypan blue, cell and cytoskeletal cell morphology by DAPI and phalloidin staining and RNA extraction, for subsequently, qRT-PCR VEGF-A, were performed. The MTT test showed higher cell viability in PI-PRP group than CTRL. The trypan blue test showed no difference between CTRL and PI-PRP groups. Fluorescence microscopy analysis showed no changes in cellular morphology of the nucleus and distinct alterations in cytoskeletal between groups. In the qRT-PCR the VEGF-A expression was higher in PI-PRP group compared to CTRL. The centrifugation proved to be effective for platelet enrichment. This protocol demonstrated efficiency in studying interaction between platelet and cell lineage.
An Empirical Analysis of Farmer’s Perspectives on Custom Hiring Service Centres in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India
Authors: K Anil , Jirli Basavaprabhu , H M Nandini , Y H Preeti
Published: May 2024

The perception of farmers regarding the usefulness of Custom Hiring Service Centre’s refers to their opinions and attitudes toward these facilities, particularly in terms of accessing machinery, cost-effectiveness, productivity benefits, technology adoption, and labor reduction. The study conducted in Tumakuru district of Karnataka during 2020-21 was an "ex post facto" research focusing on farmers' perceptions of the usefulness of hiring centers. Eight taluks were chosen, where Custom Hiring Service Centre’s were operated effectively. The results pertaining to the perception towards objectives of Custom hiring centers showed that more than two-fifths of respondents (45.38 %) falling under the medium category with Mean = 32.65 and SD = 3.42, perception towards availability of services in also saw positive outcomes through the services of Custom Hiring Service Centre’s. With 42.13 per cent of respondents in the high category and perception towards benefits of CHSC with 46.15 per cent of respondents were categorized as low. The Custom Hiring Service Centre’s had a notable impact on overall perception of farmers i.e., more than one third (36.15 %) of the respondents falls under high perception level. The statement farmers pay only for the number of acres or the number of hours used has component loading of 0.83 followed by overcome the problem of labour in agricultural operation with 0.76 component loading. Through the provision of affordable access to a diverse range of farm machinery and equipment, Custom Hiring Service Centre’s have significantly enhanced operational efficiency, minimized input losses, and promoted sustainable farming practices.
Narrative learning: Its contours and its possibilities
Authors: Clark M. Carolyn
Published: June 2010

This chapter outlines the foundations of narrative theory, describes narrative learning, and examines some of the possibilities of a narrative perspective for understanding transformational learning.
Summoning the past: Autobiography as a “movement toward possibility”
Authors: Karpiak Irene E.
Published: June 2010

This chapter explores student autobiography through the dimensions of the autobiographical impulse, perspective, and response. It suggests that the notability of student autobiography lies not only in the act of writing, but also in the response to the writing on the part of both the author and the reading audience.
Digital storytelling: A new player on the narrative field
Authors: Rossiter Marsha , Garcia Penny A.
Published: June 2010

Digital stories add a multimedia dimension to narrative. The authors highlight some of the most promising features of digital storytelling for adult learning.
Learning in the dimension of otherness: A tool for insight and empowerment
Authors: Johnson‐Bailey Juanita
Published: June 2010

The pivotal cultural stories of our lives, the scripts, become the conscious and unknown markers that help us to find our way throughout our existence, showing us how to teach, to learn, and to survive.
Dünner, kleiner, schneller – wie die IR‐Spektroskopie zur Aufklärung des Funktionsmechanismus biologischer und biomimetischer Systeme beiträgt
Authors: Ataka Kenichi , Kottke Tilman , Heberle Joachim
Published: June 2010

Neue schwingungsspektroskopische Techniken sind sehr vielversprechende Methoden zur Untersuchung biologischer Materialien, da sie eine sehr hohe räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung bei gleichzeitiger minimaler Einflussnahme auf das zu untersuchende System ermöglichen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden diese Techniken und ihre potenzielle Bedeutung für biologische und biomimetische Systeme diskutiert. Vorgestellt werden z. B. die Verfolgung von Konformationsänderungen in Peptiden mit fs‐Auflösung und nm‐Empfindlichkeit mit 2D‐IR‐Spektroskopie sowie die Untersuchung des Effekts eines angelegten Membranpotentials auf einzelne Protonentransferschritte innerhalb integraler Membranproteine mit oberflächenverstärkter Infrarot‐Differenz‐Absorptionsspektroskopie. Schwingungsspektren einer molekularen Monoschicht können mithilfe der Summenfrequenz‐Erzeugung registriert werden, während die Rasternahfeld‐IR‐Mikroskopie die Aufnahme chemischer Abbilder einer Oberfläche mit einer lateralen Auflösung < 50 nm ermöglicht.
Einem kompetitiven Zielmolekül auf den Fersen: Totalsynthese des Antibiotikums Kendomycin
Authors: Martin Harry J. , Magauer Thomas , Mulzer Johann
Published: June 2010

Kendomycin ist ein neuartiges Polyketid mit einer einzigartigen Chinomethid‐Ansastruktur und einem beeindruckenden biologischen Profil. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir eine chronologische Übersicht über die Arbeiten zur Synthese des Zielmoleküls. Über ca. acht Jahre hinweg berichteten weltweit bisher acht Gruppen über Syntheseversuche, die in fünf Totalsynthesen und etlichen Fragmentsynthesen resultierten. Die Strategie war dabei meist in groben Zügen der Biogenese nachempfunden: Gestartet wurde mit einem aromatischen Polyphenol, an dem die Polyketid‐Seitenkette angebracht wurde. Weitere Schlüsselschritte umfassten eine Makrocyclisierung und den Aufbau des hochsubstituierten Tetrahydropyranrings, gefolgt von Oxidation und Lactolbildung.
Catalytic Reactions of Titanium Alkoxides with Grignard Reagents and Imines: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Kumar Akshai , Samuelson Ashoka G.
Published: June 2010

The reactivity of Grignard reagents towards imines in the presence of catalytic and stoichiometric amounts of titanium alkoxides is reported. Alkylation, reduction, and coupling of imines take place. Whereas reductive coupling is the major reaction in stoichiometric reactions, alkylation is favored in catalytic reactions. Mechanistic studies clearly indicate that intermediates involved in the two reactions are different. Catalytic reactions involve a metal–alkyl complex. This has been confirmed by reactions of deuterium‐labeled substrates and different alkylating agents. Under the stoichiometric conditions, however, titanium olefin complexes are formed through reductive elimination, probably through a multinuclear intermediate.
Online identification of nonlinear multivariable processes using self‐generating RBF neural networks
Authors: Salahshoor Karim , Kamalabady Amin Sabet
Published: June 2010

This paper addresses the problem of online model identification for multivariable processes with nonlinear and time‐varying dynamic characteristics. For this purpose, two online multivariable identification approaches with self‐organizing neural network model structures will be presented. The two adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are called as the growing and pruning radial basis function (GAP‐RBF) and minimal resource allocation network (MRAN). The resulting identification algorithms start without a predefined model structure and the dynamic model is generated autonomously using the sequential input‐output data pairs in real‐time applications. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) learning algorithm has been extended for both of the adaptive RBF‐based neural network approaches to estimate the free parameters of the identified multivariable model. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has been proposed as an alternative learning algorithm to enhance the accuracy and robustness of nonlinear multivariable processes in both the GAP‐RBF and MRAN based approaches. In addition, this paper intends to study comparatively the general applicability of the particle filter (PF)‐based approaches for the case of non‐Gaussian noisy environments. For this purpose, the Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) is employed to be used as alternative to the EKF and UKF for online parameter estimation of self‐generating RBF neural networks. The performance of the proposed online identification approaches is evaluated on a highly nonlinear time‐varying multivariable non‐isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) benchmark problem. Simulation results demonstrate the good performances of all identification approaches, especially the GAP‐RBF approach incorporated with the UKF and UPF learning algorithms.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Authorship trends in the surgical literature
Authors: Glynn R W , Kerin M J , Sweeney K J
Published: June 2010

Background

Authorship is increasingly influential in career progression and academic promotion. This study aimed to examine authorship trends in surgical titles between 1998 and 2008, and to compare these trends with those in general medicine publications.

Methods

Clinical trials published in high-impact medical and surgical titles were identified. The number of authors associated with these studies and trends over time were analysed using PubReMiner™. Trends were then compared between titles with and without author contribution forms (ACFs). Author numbers in top-cited articles were correlated with citation rates.

Results

Some 6290 trials involving 54 120 different authorships were identified. A significant difference was found between authorship numbers associated with clinical trials in medicine versus those in surgery (P = 0·003). Introduction of ACFs did not influence the number of authors per trial (P = 0·670). The top 100 most highly cited articles accounted for 114 935 citations; author number correlated with subsequent citation rate (r = 0·26, P = 0·011).

Conclusion

Author numbers have increased in the past decade, in both medical and surgical journals. Although medical output is associated with significantly higher levels of authorship, the difference cannot be explained by complexity of research alone.
Major haemorrhagic complications of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Andersson E , Ansari D , Andersson R
Published: June 2010

Background

Haemorrhage is a rare, potentially fatal complication in acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim was to investigate the incidence, management and outcome related to this complication.

Methods

The medical records of all patients with AP who presented to a single hospital between January 1994 and July 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who developed at least one in-hospital episode of major haemorrhage were selected. The aetiology, patient characteristics, occurrence of sentinel bleeding, clinical management and outcome were recorded.

Results

Fourteen (1·0 per cent) of 1356 patients diagnosed with AP developed major haemorrhage. Angiography established the diagnosis in four of six patients. Embolization was successful in one patient. Surgery was performed in two patients. Sentinel bleeding occurred in three of four patients with major postoperative bleeding. The overall mortality rate was 36 per cent (5 of 14 patients). Haemorrhage presenting after more than 7 days was associated with a higher mortality rate of 80 per cent (4 of 5 patients). A fatal outcome was at least three times more likely in patients with severe AP and haemorrhagic complications than in those with severe AP but no bleeding.

Conclusion

Major haemorrhagic complications of AP are rare, but clinically important. Major postoperative bleeding is often preceded by sentinel bleeding. Intra-abdominal haemorrhage presenting more than 1 week after disease onset is a highly fatal complication.
Self‐Assembly and Structural Evolvement of Polyoxometalate‐Anchored Dendron Complexes
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Yizhan , Li Haolong , Li Wen , Wu Lixin
Published: June 2010

A cationic dendritic molecule that has alkyl chains has been synthesized and employed to encapsulate anionic polyoxometalates through electrostatic interactions. The prepared surfactant‐encapsulated polyoxometalate (SEP) complexes were used as building blocks to fabricate self‐assemblies in solution and the solid state. Monodispersion, lamellar, and columnar assemblies of SEP complexes have been characterized in detail. With increasing the number of peripheral cationic dendrons on inorganic clusters, the SEPs undergo changes from globular assemblies to monodispersions in solution and from lamellar assemblies to hexagonal columnar structures in the solid state, depending on the amounts of cationic dendrons in the complexes. The structural evolvement was simulated through consideration of the size and shape of the cationic dendron and polyanionic clusters, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the interpretation of the simulations. The present research demonstrates a new kind of dendritic complex and provides a route for controlling their assembling states by simply alternating the number of cationic dendrons in the complexes.
Preparation of Core–Shell‐Structured Nanoparticles (with a Noble‐Metal or Metal Oxide Core and a Chromia Shell) and Their Application in Water Splitting by Means of Visible Light
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Naoyuki , Ikeda Takahiro , Ohtsuka Hajime , Xiong Anke , Lu Daling , Kanehara Masayuki , Teranishi Toshiharu , Domen Kazunari
Published: June 2010

Core–shell‐structured nanoparticles, consisting of a noble metal or metal oxide core and a chromia (Cr2O3) shell, were studied as promoters for photocatalytic water splitting under visible light. Core nanoparticles were loaded by impregnation, adsorption or photodeposition onto a solid solution of gallium nitride and zinc oxide (abbreviated GaN:ZnO), which is a particulate semiconductor photocatalyst with a band gap of approximately 2.7 eV, and a Cr2O3 shell was formed by photodeposition using a K2CrO4 precursor. Photodeposition of Cr2O3 on GaN:ZnO modified with a noble metal (Rh, Pd and Pt) or metal oxide (NiOx, RuO2 and Rh2O3) co‐catalyst resulted in enhanced photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting under visible light (λ>400 nm). This enhancement in activity was primarily due to the suppression of undesirable reverse reactions (H2–O2 recombination and/or O2 photoreduction) and/or protection of the core component from chemical corrosion, depending on the core type. Among the core materials examined, Rh species exhibited relatively high performance for this application. The activity for visible‐light water splitting on GaN:ZnO modified with an Rh/Cr2O3 core–shell configuration was dependent on both the dispersion of Rh nanoparticles and the valence state. In addition, the morphology of the Cr2O3 photodeposits was significantly affected by the valence state of Rh and the pH at which the photoreduction of K2CrO4 was conducted. When a sufficient amount of K2CrO4 was used as the precursor and the solution pH ranged from 3 to 7.5, Cr2O3 was successfully formed with a constant shell thickness (≈2 nm) on metallic Rh nanoparticles, which resulted in an effective promoter for overall water splitting.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organogold(I) Reagents with Organic Electrophiles
Authors: Peña‐López Miguel , Ayán‐Varela Miguel , Sarandeses Luis A. , Pérez Sestelo José
Published: June 2010

The palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of organogold(I) reagents (alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkynyl) with organic electrophiles, such as aryl and alkenyl halides, aryl triflates, benzyl bromide, and benzoyl chloride is reported. The reaction takes place, under palladium catalysis, at room temperature with short reaction times to give the corresponding cross‐coupling products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Nitrogenation on Structure Development and Magnetic Properties of Mechanically Alloyed and Annealed Sm—Fe Powders.
Authors: Teresiak A. , Kubis M. , Mattern N. , Wolf M. , Gruner W. , Mueller K.‐H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potentiometric Determination of Stabilities of NiSb2O4 and NiSb2O6.
Authors: Swaminathan K. , Sreedharan O. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for Preparing Anode Cermets for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Authors: Cracium R. , Park S. , Gorte R. J. , Vohs J. M. , Wang C. , Worrell W. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Electroluminescence (EL) from n‐Type Porous Silicon/Electrolyte Solution Interfaces: Time‐Dependent Electroluminescence Spectra.
Authors: Noguchi Hidenori , Kondo Toshihiro , Murakoshi Kei , Uosaki Kohei
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium(V) Catalysis of Perborate Oxidation of Iodide Ion.
Authors: Karunakaran C. , Muthukumaran B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles: Capping Action of Citrate.
Authors: Henglein Arnim , Giersig Michael
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Neodymium(III) Germanates in Solutions.
Authors: Devyatkin V. V. , Runov N. N. , Skorikov V. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cations of Trialkylamines: ESR Spectra and Structures.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Chaplinski Vladimir , Gerson Fabian , Merstetter Pascal , Haselbach Edwin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Substitution Reactions of an Isoindoline—Borane Complex.
Authors: Ariffin Azhar , Blake Alexander J. , Ebden Mark R. , Li Wan‐Sheung , Simpkins Nigel S. , Fox David N. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxiranes from Substituted 4‐Piperidones and a Tetrahydro‐4‐thiapyranone.
Authors: Vijayabaskar V. , Perumal S. , Selvaraj S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Sulfoxidation of a β‐Carbonyl Sulfide Series by Chloroperoxidase.
Authors: Vargas Reinaldo R. , Bechara Etelvino J. H. , Marzorati Liliana , Wladislaw Blanka
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysis. Part 130. Optically Active Expanded Ligands Based on the trans‐1,2‐Substituted Cyclopentane Skeleton.
Authors: Brunner Henri , Stefaniak Stefan , Zabel Manfred
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Using a Palladium Complex of Chiral 2‐(Phosphinoaryl)pyridine Ligands.
Authors: Ito Katsuji , Kashiwagi Risa , Iwasaki Kazunori , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Procedures for Ethynylmagnesium Bromide, Ethynyltrialkylsilanes and Ethynyltrialkylstannanes.
Authors: Brandsma L. , Verkruijsse H. D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of [(1‐H‐Hydronaphthalene)Mn(CO)3]: The Role of Ring‐Slippage in Substitution, Catalytic Hydrosilylation, and Molecular Crystal Structure of [(η3‐C10H9)Mn(CO)3P (OMe)3].
Authors: Son Seung Uk , Paik Se‐Jung , Lee In Su , Lee Young‐A , Chung Young‐Keun , Seok Won K. , Lee Heung N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Azoles and Their Derivatives. Part 41. Stereoselectivity and Kinetic Study of the [2 + 3]Cycloaddition of E‐β‐Nitrostyrene to Z‐C,N‐Diphenylnitrone.
Authors: Baranski A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru3(CO)12‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cleavage of a C—C Bond of Alkyl Phenyl Ketones.
Authors: Chatani Naoto , Ie Yutaka , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Murai Shinji
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Ate Tin Hydride Complex Bearing a Nucleophilic Iodide Substituent and 1,4‐Regioselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Suwa Toshihiro , Shibata Ikuya , Baba Akio
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Raney Nickel: An Efficient Reagent to Achieve the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Barrero Alejandro F. , Alvarez‐Manzaneda E. J. , Chahboun Rachid , Meneses R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Efficiency of the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Redox Isomerization of Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Slugovc Christian , Rueba Eva , Schmid Roland , Kirchner Karl
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroreductive Defluorination of Trifluoromethyl Ketones and Trifluoroacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Uneyama Kenji , Mizutani Go , Maeda Kazushige , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents. Regioselective α‐Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls and Related Systems.
Authors: Arnauld Thomas , Barton Derek H. R. , Normant Jean‐Francois , Doris Eric
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation and Alkylation of 2‐ and 4‐Methylbenzonitrile.
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Johnson Lara B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Heck Reaction of (R) 1‐tert‐Butylsulfinylcyclopentene with Arenediazonium Salts.
Authors: Priego Julian , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Using Guanidinium Phosphine Complexes on Glass Beads.
Authors: Leese Mathew P. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Conjugated Alkenynes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkenyl Iodonium Salts with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Pirguliyev N. Sh. , Brel V. K. , Zefirov N. S. , Stang P. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Lipase‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Free Carboxylic Acids with Ammonia in Organic Solvents.
Authors: Litjens Mike J. J. , Straathof Adrie J. J. , Jongejan Jaap A. , Heijnen Joseph J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Oxidative Cleavage of Semicarbazones, Tosylhydrazones, and Phenylhydrazones with Oxone®.
Authors: Bose D. Subhas , Vanajatha G. , Srinivas P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium as a Reducing Agent: Deprotection of 4‐Nitrobenzyl Ethers and Esters.
Authors: Moody Christopher J. , Pitts Michael R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of 2‐Isoxazoline Derivatives by Grignard Reagents in the Presence of Tetraisopropoxytitanium.
Authors: Ignatovich Zh. V. , Chernikhova T. V. , Skupskaya R. V. , Bondar' N. F. , Koroleva E. V. , Lakhvich F. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.