bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrected QT Interval–Polygenic Risk Score and Its Contribution to Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 Long-QT Syndrome in Probands and Genotype-Positive Family Members
Authors: Turkowski Kari L. , Dotzler Steven M. , Tester David J. , Giudicessi John R. , Bos J. Martijn , Speziale Ashley D. , Vollenweider Jason M. , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by a prolonged heart rate–corrected QT interval (QTc). Genome-wide association studies identified common genetic variants that collectively explain ≈8% to 10% of QTc variation in the general population.

Methods:

Overall, 423 patients with LQT1, LQT2, or LQT3 were genotyped for 61 QTc-associated genetic variants used in a prototype QTc–polygenic risk score (QTc-PRS). A weighted QTc-PRS (range, 0–154.8 ms) was calculated for each patient, and the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) population-based reference cohort (n=853).

Results:

The average QTc-PRS in LQTS was 88.0±7.2 and explained only ≈2.0% of the QTc variability. The QTc-PRS in LQTS probands (n=137; 89.3±6.8) was significantly greater than both FHS controls (87.2±7.4, difference-in-means±SE: 2.1±0.7,
P
<0.002) and LQTS genotype-positive family members (87.5±7.4, difference-in-mean, 1.8±.7,
P
<0.009). There was no difference in QTc-PRS between symptomatic (n=156, 88.6±7.3) and asymptomatic patients (n=267; 87.7±7.2, difference-in-mean, 0.9±0.7, P=0.15). LQTS patients with a QTc≥480 ms (n=120) had a significantly higher QTc-PRS (89.3±6.7) than patients with a QTc<480 ms (n=303, 87.6±7.4, difference-in-mean, 1.7±0.8,
P
<0.05). There was no difference in QTc-PRS or QTc between genotypes.

Conclusions:

The QTc-PRS explained <2% of the QTc variability in our LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 cohort, contributing 5× less to their QTc value than in the general population. This prototype QTc-PRS does not distinguish/predict the clinical outcomes of individuals with LQTS.
Spectrum of Cardiac Manifestations in COVID-19
Authors: Szekely Yishay , Lichter Yael , Taieb Philippe , Banai Ariel , Hochstadt Aviram , Merdler Ilan , Gal Oz Amir , Rothschild Ehud , Baruch Guy , Peri Yogev , Arbel Yaron , Topilsky Yan
Published: May 2020

Background:

Information on the cardiac manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. We performed a systematic and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection underwent complete echocardiographic evaluation within 24 hours of admission and were compared with reference values. Echocardiographic studies included left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and valve hemodynamics and right ventricular (RV) assessment, as well as lung ultrasound. A second examination was performed in case of clinical deterioration.

Results:

Thirty-two patients (32%) had a normal echocardiogram at baseline. The most common cardiac pathology was RV dilatation and dysfunction (observed in 39% of patients), followed by LV diastolic dysfunction (16%) and LV systolic dysfunction (10%). Patients with elevated troponin (20%) or worse clinical condition did not demonstrate any significant difference in LV systolic function compared with patients with normal troponin or better clinical condition, but they had worse RV function. Clinical deterioration occurred in 20% of patients. In these patients, the most common echocardiographic abnormality at follow-up was RV function deterioration (12 patients), followed by LV systolic and diastolic deterioration (in 5 patients). Femoral deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 5 of 12 patients with RV failure.

Conclusions:

In COVID-19 infection, LV systolic function is preserved in the majority of patients, but LV diastolic function and RV function are impaired. Elevated troponin and poorer clinical grade are associated with worse RV function. In patients presenting with clinical deterioration at follow-up, acute RV dysfunction, with or without deep vein thrombosis, is more common, but acute LV systolic dysfunction was noted in ≈20%.
Endothelial Sirtuin 3 Dictates Glucose Transport to Cardiomyocyte and Sensitizes Pressure Overload‐Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Zeng Heng , He Xiaochen , Chen Jian‐Xiong
Published: May 2020

Background

Alterations of energetic metabolism are suggested to be an important contributor to pressure overload (
PO
)‐induced heart failure. Our previous study reveals that knockout of endothelial Sirtuin 3 (
SIRT
3) alters glycolysis and impairs diastolic function. We hypothesize that endothelial
SIRT
3 regulates glucose utilization of cardiomyocytes and sensitizes
PO
‐induced heart failure.

Methods and Results

SIRT
3 endothelial cell knockout mice and their control
SIRT
3 LoxP mice were subjected to
PO
by transverse aortic constriction for 7 weeks. The ratio of heart weight to tibia length was increased in both strains of mice, in which
SIRT
3 endothelial cell knockout mice+transverse aortic constriction exhibited more severe cardiac hypertrophy. Coronary blood flow and systolic function were significantly decreased in
SIRT
3 endothelial cell knockout mice+transverse aortic constriction compared with
SIRT
3 LoxP mice+transverse aortic constriction, as evidenced by lower systolic/diastolic ratio, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening.
PO
‐induced upregulation of apelin and glucose transporter 4 were significantly reduced in the hearts of
SIRT
3 endothelial cell knockout mice. In vitro
,
levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and glucose transporter 1 and glucose uptake were significantly reduced in
SIRT
3 knockout endothelial cells. Furthermore, hypoxia‐induced apelin expression was abolished together with reduced apelin‐mediated glucose uptake in
SIRT
3 knockout endothelial cells. Exposure of cardiomyocyte with apelin increased expression of glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 4. This was accompanied by a significant increase in glycolysis. Supplement of apelin in
SIRT
3 knockout hypoxic endothelial cell media increased glycolysis in the cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Knockout of
SIRT
3 disrupts glucose transport from endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes, reduces cardiomyocyte glucose utilization via apelin in a paracrine manner, and sensitizes
PO
‐induced heart failure. Endothelial
SIRT
3 may regulate cardiomyocyte glucose availability and govern the function of the heart.
Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival due to COVID-19
Authors: Montaner Joan , Barragán-Prieto Ana , Pérez-Sánchez Soledad , Escudero-Martínez Irene , Moniche Francisco , Sánchez-Miura José Antonio , Ruiz-Bayo Lidia , González Alejandro
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:

Emergency measures to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and contain the outbreak is the main priority in each of our hospitals; however, these measures are likely to result in collateral damage among patients with other acute diseases. Here, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects acute stroke care through interruptions in the stroke chain of survival.

Methods:

A descriptive analysis of acute stroke care activity before and after the COVID-19 outbreak is given for a stroke network in southern Europe. To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region.

Results:

Following confinement of the population, our stroke unit activity decreased sharply, with a 25% reduction in admitted cases (mean number of 58 cases every 15 days in previous months to 44 cases in the 15 days after the outbreak,
P
<0.001). Consultations to the telestroke network declined from 25 every 15 days before the outbreak to 7 after the outbreak (
P
<0.001). The increasing trend in the prehospital diagnosis of stroke activated by 911 calls stopped abruptly in the region, regressing to 2019 levels. The mean number of stroke codes dispatched to hospitals decreased (78% versus 57%,
P
<0.001). Time of arrival from symptoms onset to stroke units was delayed >30 minutes, reperfusion therapy cases fell, and door-to-needle time started 16 minutes later than usual.

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic is disruptive for acute stroke pathways. Bottlenecks in the access and delivery of patients to our secured stroke centers are among the main challenges. It is critical to encourage patients to continue seeking emergency care if experiencing acute stroke symptoms and to ensure that emergency professionals continue to use stroke code activation and telestroke networks.
A Response to Stephen L. Young, “Let’s Take the Text Seriously”: the Protectionist Doxa in Mainstream New Testament Studies
Authors: Dye Guillaume
Published: May 2020

This response to Stephen Young’s excellent paper vindicates his general argument against protectionism, connects his analyses to some aspects of contemporary Qurʾanic and Early Islamic studies, and highlights some of the problems with the distinction between dominant protectionism and dominated protectionism.
Tibetyrus gen. nov., a new myrmecophilous Tyrini from Xizang, China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , LIN YE-JIE
Published: May 2020

Tibetyrus formicarius Yin & Lin, gen. et sp. nov., a new myrmecophilous genus and species of the pselaphine tribe Tyrini, is described from southeastern Xizang, China. Three adults were collected in nests of a Formica ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at an altitude of 3,485 m. Tibetyrus is similar to Megatyrus Hlaváč & Nomura in sharing the basally pedunculate maxillary palpi that lack an apical cone on the fourth palpomeres. Nevertheless, it can be readily separated from the latter and all other genera of the tribe by its unique suite of morphological features as well as a highly recognizable habitus.
Description of Coeliccia lephuocdieui sp. nov. from the Central Highlands of Vietnam (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) with notes on its congeners
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN , NGO QUOC PHU , BUI ANH PHONG
Published: May 2020

Coeliccia lephuocdieui sp. nov. (holotype ♂, 14.2586N, 108.3786E, Kon Ka Kinh National Park in Ayun Commune, Mang Yang District, Gia Lai Province, the Central Highlands of Vietnam) is described and illustrated for both sexes. A comparison of the new species with Coeliccia scutellum Laidlaw, 1932 and C. yamasakii Asahina, 1984 is provided with notes on the morphological variation of the Vietnamese C. scutellum. The female of C. yamasakii is described for the first time.
Morphology of pupae of the Pyropteron (Synansphecia) triannuliforme-group (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: BĄKOWSKI MAREK , PIĄTEK WIKTORIA
Published: May 2020

This work presents the first descriptions of the pupal morphology of three species of western Palaearctic clearwing moths, Pyropteron hispanicum (Kallies, 1999), Pyropteron maroccanum (Kallies, 1999), and Pyropteron meriaeforme (Boisduval, 1840). The main morphological features are described and illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Diagnostic characters of pupae of the studied species and the related species, Pyropteron triannuliforme (Freyer, 1842), are presented.
Challenges to Understanding Extreme Weather Changes in Lower Income Countries
Authors: Otto Friederike E. L. , Harrington Luke , Schmitt Katharina , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Singh Roop , Kimutai Joyce , Wolski Piotr
Published: May 2020

The science of event attribution has emerged to routinely answer the question whether and to what extent human-induced climate change altered the likelihood and intensity of recently observed extreme weather events. In Europe a pilot program to operationalize the method started in November 2019, highlighting the demand for timely information on the role of climate change when it is needed most: in the direct aftermath of an extreme event. Independent of whether studies are provided operationally or as academic studies, the necessity of good observational data and well-verified climate models imply most attributions are currently made for highly developed countries only. Current attribution assessments therefore provide very little information about those events and regions where the largest damages and socio-economic losses are incurred. Arguably, these larger damages signify a much greater need for information on how the likelihood and intensity of such high-impact events have been changing and are likely to change in a warmer world. In short, why do we not focus event attribution research efforts on the whole world, and particularly events in the developing world? The reasons are not just societal and political but also scientific. We simply cannot attribute these events in the same probabilistic framework employed in most studies today. We outline six focus areas to lessen these barriers, but we will not overcome them in the near future.
Détournement des espaces et gestion asymétrique du religieux dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur québécois
Authors: Dejean Frédéric , Lavoie Bertrand , Koussens David
Published: May 2020

On a tendance à réduire les enjeux de laïcité aux seuls débats théoriques, mettant régulièrement la focale sur les systèmes normatifs et institutionnels à partir de travaux qui mobilisent les apports de la philosophie, du droit, des sciences politiques et de la sociologie. De fait, peu d’enquêtes, et cela tout particulièrement au Québec, ont tenté de documenter où et comment se vit, concrètement et au quotidien, la laïcité, alors même que les « grands » enjeux de laïcité naissent la plupart du temps dans de « petites » causes, dans de simples interactions individuelles, et se caractérisent souvent par leur dimension locale, voire même infra-locale. Inscrit dans le sillage de travaux relatifs aux conditions d’expression individuelle et collective des convictions religieuses dans les établissements d’éducation, cet article s’en distingue parce qu’il propose de les analyser à partir d’une « approche spatiale ». Il présente certains des résultats d’une recherche qualitative conduite dans 17 établissements d’enseignement supérieur (cégeps et universités) répartis sur l’ensemble du territoire québécois et ayant donné lieu à près d’une centaine d’entrevues semi-directives (95). L’article met en évidence des tensions entre une approche inclusive, soucieuse d’assurer à l’ensemble des personnes fréquentant les établissements publics des espaces accueillants et exempts de contraintes relativement à l’expression des manifestations religieuses, et une approche plus encline à un encadrement soutenu de ces mêmes manifestations, cherchant un cadre de référence et une certaine planification quant à la reconnaissance de la diversité religieuse. Cette ambivalence se traduit sur le terrain par une grande diversité des espaces religieux qui, bien souvent, se caractérisent par une forme de « bricolage » dans des interstices, des « angles morts » des établissements.
Priming the Leadership Pipeline: School Performance and Climate Under an Urban School Leadership Residency Program
Authors: Steele Jennifer L. , Steiner Elizabeth D. , Hamilton Laura S.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study examines school climate and student achievement trends under an ambitious school leadership residency program in an urban school district. The 2-year leadership residencies were intensive, combining at least 370 hours of professional development with on-the-job training, in which aspiring school principals held either assistant-level administrative or teacher leadership roles. Research Design: Using a difference-in-differences framework with school fixed effects, we estimate the relationship between schools’ cumulative exposure to program residents and measures of school climate and student performance. We measure school climate using school-by-semester teacher survey composites. Student performance is captured using school-by-year data on language arts and math scale scores, chronic absence rates, suspension rates, and graduation rates. Findings: In models that allow average time trends to vary between the state and the treatment city, an additional resident-by-year in an administrative role in high schools is linked to an additional 15% of a school-level standard deviation in math scale scores and an additional 3.6 percentage points in graduation rates, but also to an additional 10 percentage points in suspension rates. Results are sensitive to model specification, school level, and to residents’ placement in administrative or teacher leader roles. Implications: Due to the contracting nature of the district, only one of 30 entering residents became a school principal within 3 years of program inception. In some models, the estimates suggest potential for aspiring leaders to effect change from nonprincipal administrative roles. Potential for teacher leadership roles is less clear.
Effects of Cognitive and Physical Loads on Dynamic and Static Balance Performance of Healthy Older Adults Under Single-, Dual-, and Multi-task Conditions
Authors: Allahverdipour Hamid , Dianat Iman , Mameh Galavizh , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance performance of healthy older adults under single-, dual-, and multi-task conditions.

Background

Previous studies on postural control in older adults have generally used dual-task methodology, whereas less attention has been paid to multi-task performance, despite its importance in many daily and occupational activities.

Method

The effects of single versus combined (dual-task and multi-task) cognitive (to speak out the name of the weekdays in a reverse order) and physical (with three levels including handling weights of 1, 2, and 3 kg in each hand) loads on dynamic and static balance performance of 42 older adults (21 males and 21 females) aged ≥60 years were examined. Dynamic and static balance measures were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and stabilometer (sway index) tests, respectively.

Results

The TUG speed of female participants was generally slower than that of male participants. Age had no effect on balance performance measures. Under dual-task conditions, cognitive load decreased the dynamic balance performance, while the physical task levels had no effect. The dual-task conditions had no impact on the static balance performance. The effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic balance performance varied under dual- and multi-task conditions.

Conclusion

The findings highlight differences between dual- and multi-task protocols and add to the understanding of balance performance in older adults under cognitive and physical loads.

Application

The present study highlights differences between dual- and multi-task methodologies that need to be considered in future studies of balance and control in older adults.
From folk therapy to evidence-based psychiatry practice: The benefit of evidence-based psychiatry in treatment-naive psychotic patients
Authors: Wang Hung-Yu , Huang Joh-Jong , Su Shu-Fang , Hsu Sheng-Hao , Chou Li-Shiu , Chou Frank Huang-Chih
Published: May 2020

Background:

As Taiwan’s Mental Health Act (MHA) clearly states that the human rights and legal rights of psychotic patients should be respected and guaranteed; however, a temple asylum violates the law in the 21st century. Hundreds of patients were constrained in the asylum for years without consent. Because of outbreak of infectious diseases, patients were evacuated from the asylum by the official intervention.

Aims:

To evaluate the outcomes of these patients from folk therapy to conventional treatment.

Method:

The study recruited the drug-naive psychotic patients constrained in an asylum for decades. Before and after the formal treatment, 253 patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders with assessment of using the Mini Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Mini-PANSS) and Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation (COTE) scale. In addition, family function, self-care ability and nutritional status were also evaluated.

Results:

The initial data show the improvement in psychotic symptoms and occupational function in these patients. Furthermore, the ratio of patients who were classified as being at risk for malnutrition was decreased by 21.7% after treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in self-care ability before and after treatment.

Conclusion:

The psychotic symptoms and occupational function of these patients were improved after the formal treatment compared to the folk therapy. The care model for the psychotic patients in the temple asylum should be more thoroughly discussed in consideration of the medical ethics principles.
Barriers to access to mental health services among Colombia outpatients
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Ceballos-Ospino Guillermo A , Herazo Edwin
Published: May 2020

Background:

Access barriers are all situations or conditions that limit seeking, receiving or enjoying benefits offered by the health system. This set of situations translates into underutilization of the services offered. In Colombia, there is little information about barriers to accessing medical care in general, and even less in the specific field of mental health.

Aim:

To determine the barriers to accessing psychiatric care in outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Methods:

The authors designed a cross-sectional study with a non-probability sample of adult patients who consulted between August and December 2018. The barriers to access were measured with a 20-item version of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale.

Results:

A total of 247 patients participated; they were between 18 and 82 years (mean ( M) = 47.5, standard deviation ( SD) = 13.9). A total of 69 (27.9%) patients classified as having major attitudinal barriers; 62 (25.1%) patients, major barriers related to stigma-discrimination; and 41 (16.6%) patients, major instrumental barriers. Concerning the associated variables, age less than 45 years was related to major attitudinal barriers (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-5.5), major barriers related to stigma-discrimination (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.0-7.2) and major instrumental barriers (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.3). Men reported major instrumental barriers more frequently than women (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-5.8).

Conclusion:

The major attitudinal, related to stigma-discrimination and instrumental barriers to access frequently delay a consultation with mental health services. Actions are necessary to reduce barriers to accessing mental health care.
Mobile-Unet: An efficient convolutional neural network for fabric defect detection
Authors: Jing Junfeng , Wang Zhen , Rätsch Matthias , Zhang Huanhuan
Published: May 2020

Deep learning–based fabric defect detection methods have been widely investigated to improve production efficiency and product quality. Although deep learning–based methods have proved to be powerful tools for classification and segmentation, some key issues remain to be addressed when applied to real applications. Firstly, the actual fabric production conditions of factories necessitate higher real-time performance of methods. Moreover, fabric defects as abnormal samples are very rare compared with normal samples, which results in data imbalance. It makes model training based on deep learning challenging. To solve these problems, an extremely efficient convolutional neural network, Mobile-Unet, is proposed to achieve the end-to-end defect segmentation. The median frequency balancing loss function is used to overcome the challenge of sample imbalance. Additionally, Mobile-Unet introduces depth-wise separable convolution, which dramatically reduces the complexity cost and model size of the network. It comprises two parts: encoder and decoder. The MobileNetV2 feature extractor is used as the encoder, and then five deconvolution layers are added as the decoder. Finally, the softmax layer is used to generate the segmentation mask. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated by public fabric datasets and self-built fabric datasets. In comparison with other methods, the experimental results demonstrate that segmentation accuracy and detection speed in the proposed method achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Network Autocorrelation Modeling: Bayesian Techniques for Estimating and Testing Multiple Network Autocorrelations
Authors: Dittrich Dino , Leenders Roger Th. A. J. , Mulder Joris
Published: May 2020

The network autocorrelation model has been the workhorse for estimating and testing the strength of theories of social influence in a network. In many network studies, different types of social influence are present simultaneously and can be modeled using various connectivity matrices. Often, researchers have expectations about the order of strength of these different influence mechanisms. However, currently available methods cannot be applied to test a specific order of social influence in a network. In this article, the authors first present flexible Bayesian techniques for estimating network autocorrelation models with multiple network autocorrelation parameters. Second, they develop new Bayes factors that allow researchers to test hypotheses with order constraints on the network autocorrelation parameters in a direct manner. Concomitantly, the authors give efficient algorithms for sampling from the posterior distributions and for computing the Bayes factors. Simulation results suggest that frequentist properties of Bayesian estimators on the basis of noninformative priors for the network autocorrelation parameters are overall slightly superior to those based on maximum likelihood estimation. Furthermore, when testing statistical hypotheses, the Bayes factors show consistent behavior with evidence for a true data-generating hypothesis increasing with the sample size. Finally, the authors illustrate their methods using a data set from economic growth theory.
Life-Span Lessons: The Importance of Age-Related Knowledge for Aging Into Any Career
Authors: Graf Allyson S. , Bartlett Robin M.
Published: May 2020

Demand to meet the needs of a rapidly aging population is high. Students outside of gerontology programs, however, remain resistant to enrolling in aging coursework, which are often electives within or outside their degree programs. A life-span development course, however, is likely to be a requirement in many disciplines. In a multigenerational workforce spanning five generations and with intergenerational conflict making media headlines, students must understand how to navigate age-diverse climates. We advocate that a course in life-span development can serve as both a recruitment tool for driving interest in aging-related careers and an access point for preparing students to enter a sometimes contentious, multigenerational workforce. We illustrate how knowledge of developmental influences across the lifespan may lead to a better understanding of individual similarities and differences in developmental experiences, fostering intergenerational cohesion throughout one’s career.
The Incorporation of Social Organizations under the MAS in Bolivia
Authors: McNelly Angus
Published: May 2020

By drawing on the theoretical framework of the second incorporation of heterogeneous social organizations by progressive governments through informal contestation and/or technocratic implementation of their demands in Latin America, this article argues that the first presidential term of Evo Morales in Bolivia (2006–2009) was marked by the incorporation of combative social movements through both a multidimensional co-optation of movements and the technocratic competition of the central movement demands for the nationalization of gas and the rewriting of the constitution through a constituent assembly. However, by 2010, this incorporation had stripped social movements of their ability to mobilize for change and the political conjuncture had shifted, making the government less dependent on its social bases to maintain political stability. This simultaneously transformed movements into defensive movements protecting the gains from the previous period and state–social-movement relations into informal contestatory regimes in which movements could only struggle against proposed political agendas.

En base a un marco teórico que abarca la segunda incorporación de organizaciones sociales heterogéneas por parte de gobiernos progresistas a través de la contestación informal y/o la implementación tecnocrática de sus demandas en América Latina, un análisis del proyecto político de Evo Morales en Bolivia sostiene que su primer mandato presidencial se vio caracterizado por la incorporación de movimientos sociales combativos a través de una cooptación multidimensional de dichos movimientos y la competencia tecnocrática de las demandas del movimiento central en torno a la nacionalización del gas y la modificación de la constitución por una asamblea constituyente. Sin embargo, para 2010, esta incorporación había despojado a los movimientos sociales de su capacidad de movilizarse a favor del cambio y la coyuntura política había cambiado, haciendo que el gobierno dependiera menos de sus bases sociales para mantener la estabilidad política. Esto transformó a los movimientos en entidades defensivas dedicadas a proteger las ganancias del período anterior y las relaciones entre el estado y los movimientos sociales en regímenes informales de impugnación dentro de los cuales los movimientos mismos sólo podían luchar contra las agendas políticas propuestas.
Partners’ Withdrawal When Actors Behave Destructively: Implications for Perceptions of Partners’ Responsiveness and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Sasaki Eri , Overall Nickola
Published: May 2020

Growing evidence indicates that whether critical and hostile behavior harms relationships depends on how partners respond. The current studies test a key behavioral indicator of partners’ responsiveness by examining whether partners’ withdrawal when actors exhibit negative-direct behavior predicts within-person and longitudinal declines in perceived partner responsiveness and relationship satisfaction. Test of Actors’ negative-direct × Partners’ withdrawal interactions indicated that partners’ withdrawal in the context of actors’ negative-direct behavior when targeted for change during conflict discussions (Study 1, N = 162 dyads) and during daily interactions (Study 2, N = 151 dyads) predicted lower perceived partner responsiveness and relationship satisfaction. This Actor × Partner effect did not emerge when actors were pushing for change during conflict (Study 1) and was more consistent predicting perceived partner responsiveness. These results illustrate the importance of Actor × Partner effects and indicate that actors’ own destructive behavior provides an important context to diagnose partners’ responsiveness.
Television and Black Twitter in South Africa: Our Perfect Wedding
Authors: Smit Alexia , Bosch Tanja
Published: May 2020

This article examines Twitter use by audiences of the popular South African television show, Our Perfect Wedding. We argue that the show’s Twitter feed provides an extension of South Africa’s ‘Black Twitter’ facilitating a space for recognition and group identity for Black South African television viewers. Such a space is significant since Black audiences have been neglected in the short history of South African television broadcasting. On Our Perfect Wedding, broadcast on a satellite television service DStv to paying subscribers, questions of class and race are salient for an audience group prized as an emerging market of Black middle-class viewers. Through qualitative analysis of a sample of tweets featuring the hashtag, #OPWMzansi ( Our Perfect Wedding South Africa), we demonstrate how Twitter is used for the performance and negotiation of class and race for the audience. The comedy of the show’s Twitter commentary is largely dependent upon judgements around class, taste and language. While the Twitter feed features creative user contributions, the #OPWMzansi network reveals that much of the communication is prompted and networked back to the official programme Twitter site, demonstrating the centrality of the traditional television broadcaster to Twitter interactions with the text.
Perspectives on surgical treatment of mitral valve disease
Authors: David Tirone E
Published: May 2020

A sound knowledge of the functional anatomy of the mitral valve and the alterations caused by different diseases is indispensable for surgeons treating patients with mitral valve disease. Rheumatic mitral valve disease remains the most common heart valvular disorder in developing countries, whereas mitral regurgitation due myxomatous degeneration of the valve is the most common in developed countries. The mitral valve should be repaired whenever possible, as long as the outcome is predictably better than that of replacement. The intraoperative decision to repair or replace is not always simple and depends on the experience of the surgeon and the pathological changes that caused mitral valve dysfunction.
Book review: Rohit K. Dasgupta and Sangeeta Datta, 100 Essential Indian Films
Authors: Geetha B.
Published: May 2020

Rohit K. Dasgupta and Sangeeta Datta, 100 Essential Indian Films (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019), xviii + 261 pp.
Book review: Nemat Sadat, The Carpet Weaver
Authors: ss Poonam
Published: May 2020

Nemat Sadat, The Carpet Weaver (New Delhi: Penguin Random House, 2019), 299 pp.
Factors associated with loss to follow-up of outpatients with depression in general hospitals
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Ye Chenyu
Published: May 2020

Objective

We aimed to understand the reasons behind outpatient loss to follow-up and the views of Chinese patients with depression regarding disease diagnosis and antidepressant therapy.

Methods

Consecutive outpatients with newly diagnosed depressive disorder between September 2012 and August 2013 at the Shanghai First People’s Hospital (a tertiary hospital) were categorized into follow-up and lost-to-follow-up groups. We collected information on demographics, the Hamilton depression (HAMD) scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90. Patients were routinely followed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Any missed appointment was considered lost to follow-up.

Results

After 12 weeks of treatment, only 42.2% (70/166) of patients were continuing follow-up. Patients lost to follow-up were significantly younger (median, 42.5 vs. 56.5 years), had different marital status, higher education level, higher SDS score (43.8 ± 10.8 vs. 40.2 ± 10.9), and higher HAMD score (median, 21 vs. 19). Age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–0.997), and HAMD score (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29) were independently associated with loss to follow-up.

Conclusion

Young age, higher HAMD score, and poor knowledge of depression and treatment were the main factors associated with loss to follow-up during depression management among our Chinese patients.
BI6727, a polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor with promising efficacy on Burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Chen Er , Pei Renzhi
Published: May 2020

Objective

BI6727, an ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitor, has been shown to cause cell death in multi-tumors. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect and potential molecular mechanism of BI6727 in human Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines.

Methods

We assessed polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) expression in BL patient tissues and cells, also investigated the cytotoxic effect using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. In addition, western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of BI6727 in human BL cell lines.

Results

PLK1 was overexpressed in BL cells compared with normal cells. The PLK1 inhibitor BI6727 reduced activated PLK1 expression and caused mitotic arrest in BL cells. Additionally, BI6727 suppressed cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis in BL cell lines. BI6727 treatment also decreased C-MYC protein and mRNA expression, blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and stabilized the FBXW7 protein.

Conclusions

Our findings explained a potential molecular mechanism of BI6727 in BL cells and suggested that BI6727 might be a new therapeutic agent for BL in the future.
The Impact of Individual Factors, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Variables on Job Stress and Job Satisfaction Among Community Corrections Staff
Authors: Rhineberger-Dunn Gayle , Mack Kristin Y.
Published: May 2020

Community corrections (e.g., probation, parole, halfway houses) is the largest correctional placement in the United States, yet little research assesses community corrections staff experiences with job stress and job satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to extend the literature on community corrections officers by assessing the influence of individual factors, job characteristics, and organizational variables on both job stress and job satisfaction. In general, we found that the influence of individual factors and job characteristics differed for job stress compared to job satisfaction. Similarly, the impact of organizational factors on these outcomes also differed, although this was contrary to our expectations. Finally, job stress had a negative effect on job satisfaction and organizational factors had a larger impact on both job stress and job satisfaction, compared to individual and job characteristics. Our results provide a number of possible areas for departments to focus on in order to reduce job stress and increase job satisfaction among probation/parole and residential officers.
Hearing and Heeding the Voices of those With Advanced Illnesses
Authors: Piderman Katherine M. , Radecki Breitkopf Carmen , Jenkins Sarah M. , Ingram Cory , Sytsma Terin T. , Lapid Maria I. , Tata Beba S. , Chatterjee Krishanu , Egginton Jason S. , Jatoi Aminah
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

To describe the feasibility of a chaplain-led spiritually focused life review interview and the development of a spiritual legacy document (SLD) for patients with advanced diseases and to describe changes in spiritual well-being (SWB), spiritual coping strategies (SC), and quality of life (QOL) after receiving the SLD.

Patients and Methods:

In all, 130 patients and support person (SP) pairs were recruited from July 2012 to January 2019. Following enrollment, demographic information was gathered and baseline questionnaires were administered. Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) and a linear analog scale assessment (LASA) measured SWB. LASAs also measured QOL and emotional well-being (EWB). Positive Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE) measured SC. After completion of baseline forms, participants were interviewed (individually) by a chaplain. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and verified. Transcripts were edited and participants were given the opportunity to make adaptations. The participant-approved draft was then developed into a professionally printed SLD. Follow-up questionnaires were administered to assess change.

Results:

Significant improvements from baseline to post-SLD follow-up were found for patients on the LASAs: SWB (average 7.7-8.3, P = .01), QOL (average 6.7-7.3, P = .03), EWB (average 6.9-7.5, P = .01), and on the positive RCOPE (average 1.8-2.0, P = .007). Effect sizes were approximately 0.25. Considering any improvement, 61.0% improved their positive RCOPE score, 46.6% improved EWB, and 39.7% improved SWB. No significant changes were found on the FACIT-Sp-12. No significant changes were found for SPs.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the primary participants who completed the study benefited by significantly increasing their QOL, SWB, EWB, and SC.
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence in the Workplace: Results of a Saskatchewan Survey
Authors: Giesbrecht Crystal J.
Published: May 2020

The present study adds to the small body of research that illustrates that when individuals are experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) at home, they are impacted at work. Data were collected using an anonymous web-based self-report survey of workers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Survey results demonstrate that IPV is prevalent among the workers surveyed. Half of all survey respondents reported that they had experienced IPV, and for 83%, it impacted them in work in at least one way. Some respondents had lost a job as a result of the abuse. In addition, the survey found that some respondents who had experienced IPV did not identify as having experienced IPV, demonstrating the need for increased public awareness about IPV. Recommendations for workplace responses to IPV are offered.
Severity of Victimization and Formal Help Seeking Among Men Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence in Their Ongoing Relationships
Authors: Lysova Alexandra , Dim Eugene E.
Published: May 2020

This study examined the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by men in their ongoing relationships and their help-seeking behavior with the criminal justice system and other professional agencies. This study also examined the extent to which socio-demographic variables predicted formal help seeking among male victims of IPV. Data were drawn from 2009 and 2014 cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization with a nationally representative sample of 52,400 respondents. It is estimated that about 655,400 men in Canada reported having experienced physical and/or sexual victimization due to IPV in married/common-law relationships at the time of the surveys between 2004 and 2014. The latent class analysis generated four types of IPV victimization among men. Among male victims of physical and/or sexual IPV, about 64,000 men experienced the most severe type of IPV characterized by chronic and severe physical and psychological violence with a high probability of injuries and negative emotional effects of IPV. Although most of the male victims of IPV did not seek formal help (e.g., did not contact the police and IPV services), the severity of experienced violence was associated with the increased use of formal services. Some structural factors, such as being unemployed and residing with young children, were found to be substantial barriers to contacting formal agencies for help. Our findings highlight the need for the development of gender-inclusive and gender-sensitive public policy and intervention programs that help all victims of IPV regardless of victim gender.
The “Most Wanted”: The Role of Family Strategic Resources and Family Involvement in CEO Succession Intention
Authors: Campopiano Giovanna , Calabrò Andrea , Basco Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

Stemming from familiness and the notion of nonimitable strategic resources, we investigate, in the presuccession phase, the role of acquisition and accumulation of family strategic resources, along with the way family involvement in the top management team affects resource mobilization and deployment, in determining the intention to choose either a family or a nonfamily member as the next CEO. Data from a cross-country double-respondent family business data set (Successful Transgenerational Entrepreneurship Practices project) reveal that human capital is a significant family strategic resource reducing the intention to select a family CEO, although leveraging this resource by a top management team dominated by family members enhances this intention.
Saturated output feedback control for finite-time attitude stabilization of spacecraft
Authors: Xia Yuquan , Su Yuxin
Published: May 2020

The finite-time attitude stabilization of spacecraft subject to actuator constraints and attitude measurements only is investigated. A saturated output feedback finite-time proportional-derivative control is proposed. Lyapunov stability theory and homogeneous method are employed to show the finite-time stabilization. Advantages of the proposed control include the finite-time stabilization featuring faster transient and higher precision and the absence of the modelling information and the velocity measurements in the control law formulation, and thus, it offers an easy-going solution for high-quality motion control of spacecraft. An additive feature is that the actuator saturation will not be reached by selecting the control gains a priori. Simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Euphorbia urethritis: The minor scourge of the Garden Spurge
Authors: Dunphy Kilian Patrick
Published: May 2020

A 55-year-old man, without evident sexual risk, presented with symptoms of a urethritis and balanitis. This followed directly from exposure to organic residue from a domestic plant, the Euphorbia or Garden Spurge, found on his fingers after gardening. A review of relevant medical literature reveals little putative association between exposure to this plant and genital symptomatology. However, historical sources are presented suggesting the effect may previously have been well recognised.
HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV testing among people with sensory disabilities in the United States
Authors: Olakunde Babayemi O , Pharr Jennifer R
Published: May 2020

People with disabilities are an important target population for HIV prevention and treatment programs. In this study, we examined the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV testing among people with visual and/or hearing impairments in the United States, and compared with people without any impairments. The study was a secondary data analysis of the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We performed weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses to determine the association between ever testing for HIV and sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access, and HIV-related risk behaviors. The prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors was 7.1% (95%CI = 5.4–8.8), 3.9% (95%CI = 3.0–4.9), 3.5% (95%CI = 1.5–5.4), and 5.9% (95%CI = 5.7–6.1) among those with visual, hearing, both visual and hearing, and no impairments, respectively. HIV testing among those with visual impairment was 39.7% (95%CI = 37.0–42.3) and 28.9% (95%CI = 27.3–30.5) among those with hearing impairment. Approximately 26.8% (95%CI = 21.4–32.2) of the respondents with both impairments and 38.0% (95%CI = 37.6–38.3) of those with no impairments had ever tested for HIV. In the adjusted models, the factors associated with HIV testing varied across the subgroups, with only age, race/ethnicity, and HIV-related risk behaviors common to all the four subgroups. Compared with those without any impairments, the odds of ever testing for HIV was significantly higher among respondents with hearing impairment (aOR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.14–1.38), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access, and HIV-related risk behaviors. Targeted interventions that will meet the unique needs of people with visual and/or hearing impairments are required to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors and improve uptake of HIV testing.
A Co-opetition View of the Entrepreneur–Investor Relationship: Modelling Entrepreneurial Exit Pathways
Authors: Huvaj M. Nesij
Published: May 2020

Drawing from the awareness–motivation–capability (AMC) perspective, this article develops a theoretical model, linking the relationship between the entrepreneur and investors to the entrepreneur’s exit path from her venture. It is argued that the relationship between the entrepreneur and the investors can be construed as being co-opetitive in nature, that is, simultaneously involving collaboration to grow the venture and competition to obtain a larger equity stake in the venture and broader decision-making rights. The article contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by developing a co-opetition view of the entrepreneur–investor relationship, theoretically modelling different exit pathways, and linking them to success versus failure perceptions of the entrepreneur’s exit from her venture.