bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uzrunas locījumi gramatikā un valodas praksē
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kalnača Andra
Published: December 2020

Latviešu valodā vērojama liela uzrunas formu dažādība – gan vīriešu un sieviešu personvārdiem, gan dažādiem uz cilvēku attiecināmiem vārdiem (piem., tēvs, brālis, māte, māsa), kā arī to deminutīviem šai funkcijā tiek lietots vokatīvs, nominatīvs un pat akuzatīvs. Lai gan latviešu gramatikās šī daudzveidība vismaz daļēji tiek atspoguļota, tomēr līdz šim pietrūcis plašāka uzrunas formu lietojuma izvērtējuma normatīvā aspektā. Valodas lietotājiem tas ir ļoti svarīgi, jo ikdienā ikviens sastopas ar sava vārda, uzvārda, radniecības apzīmējuma, profesijas vai amata, kā arī sociālā statusa nosaukuma uzrunu ne tikai runātos, bet arī rakstītos tekstos. Nereti vīriešu personvārdiem vokatīva vietā tiek lietots nominatīvs, savukārt sieviešu personvārdiem vokatīvs iederīgāka nominatīva vietā. Raksts veltīts šo jautājumu analīzei, pārskatot uzrunas formu aprakstu latviešu gramatikās, kā arī esošo un vēlamo lietojumu valodas praksē. Uzrunas formu apskats balstīts uz personvārdu un cilvēku nosaukumu analīzi, jo tieši šie lietvārdi ir galvenie saziņas procesā, ar tiem cilvēki uzrunā viens otru.
Vienskaitlinieku lietojums latviešu valodā un angļu valodas ietekme
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Nagle Kitija
Published: December 2020

Ne visiem substantīviem latviešu valodā var piemist abi skaitļi – vienskaitlis un daudzskaitlis. Latviešu valodā no substantīva leksiskās nozīmes ir izveidojušies gramatiskie ierobežojumi, tādēļ ir šķiramas divas grupas: vienskaitlinieki un daudzskaitlinieki. Valoda nemitīgi mainās, tādēļ ir notikušas būtiskas izmaiņas arī šo vārdu lietojumā. Šajā rakstā atspoguļoti substantīvi, kas tradicionāli uzskatāmi par vienskaitliniekiem, tomēr angļu valodas ietekmē tiem radies neatbilstošs skaitļa lietojums un arī jaunas leksiskās nozīmes. Raksta pamatā ir autores 2019. gadā izstrādātais maģistra darbs „Vienskaitlinieku un daudzskaitlinieku lietojums latviešu valodā”.
What is an image schema? Looking for an answer in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese
Authors:   University of Latvia, Nikolajeva Marija
Published: December 2020

Image schema is one of the key notions in the discussions of the semantics of spatial adpositions. The diversity of related topics and the abundance of literature on these conceptual primitives makes the concept image schema difficult to grasp. The aim of this article is to clarify this notion by explicating on some important aspects of the schematization and representation of spatial scenes using the CONTAINMENT schema as an example. The article also demonstrates that the cross-linguistic comparison of an image schema is an effective method employed to better understand the universal cognitive processes underlying language use. The article contains a comparison of the spatial functional units that express the CONTAINMENT schema in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese, a discussion of the blurriness of the boundary between the concepts containment and support and their relation to the concept location. The relationship between image schemas and semantic frames, the factors that influence schematization and the phenomenon of parallel usage of locative units are discussed too. Image schema transformations are characterized as the mechanism of extending the meanings of spatial phrases.
Ēdienkaršu valoda: ko un kā tās mums stāsta
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Škapare Sanita
Published: December 2020

Lai gan ēdienkartes ir bieži sastopams teksta veids, kam ir liela nozīme ēdināšanas uzņēmuma identitātes veidošanā, ēdienkaršu valoda ir salīdzinoši maz apskatīts temats. Ēdināšanas nozares speciālisti par ēdienkaršu nozīmību un to lomu veiksmīgas uzņēmuma darbības veicināšanā runā bieži un uzsver, ka to sastādīšanu nevajadzētu uzticēt amatieriem. Viesmīlības nozares literatūrā ēdienkartes netiek ignorētas, tomēr vairāk tiek apskatītas no mārketinga, nevis valodas aspekta. Pasaules virtuves ienākšana Latvijā aktualizējusi jautājumu par ēdienu un produktu nosaukumu atveidi latviešu valodā. Savukārt labi uzrakstīta ēdienkarte ir ēdināšanas uzņēmuma vizītkarte, kas var pozitīvi ietekmēt apmeklētāju viedokli par konkrētu ēdināšanas uzņēmumu. Vairums pētnieku norāda, ka ēdienkartes ir rīks, ar kura palīdzību ēdināšanas uzņēmums var izcelt tos ēdienus, ko visvairāk vēlas pārdot. Šī mērķa sasniegšanai var tikt izmantoti dažādi līdzekļi – radoši nosaukumi, asociācijas, piem., ar bērnību, kā arī nosaukumi svešvalodās. Pētījuma mērķis ir apskatīt ēdienkaršu saturu, tuvāk pievēršoties lietvārda, īpašības vārda, darbības vārda un apstākļa vārda lietojumam. Pētījuma materiālu veido 50 ēdienkaršu latviešu valodā, kas publiski pieejamas ēdināšanas uzņēmumu internetvietnēs vai sociālajos tīklos un apkopotas no 2018. gada novembra līdz 2019. gada janvārim. Šīs ēdienkartes pārstāv ēdināšanas uzņēmumus dažādās Latvijas vietās, piem., Rīgā, Kuldīgā, Liepājā, Daugavpilī, Siguldā u. c.
URGENCY OF RUNNING HANDLING IN DIVORCE CASE (Study of the Circuit Court Program at the Jantho Syar'iyyah Court)
Authors: Misran Misran Misran
Published: December 2020

According to a 2007 study, the poor face major financial barriers to accessing the Religious Courts relating to court fees and transportation costs to come to court. The Supreme Court responded to these findings by paying great attention to the holding of circuit courts and waiving court fees with the Prodeo process. This response is manifested in the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 10 of 2010 concerning Guidelines for Legal Aid, which is divided into two attachments, namely attachment A for the General Courts and Annex B for the Religious Courts. Based on data from the Syar'iyah Jantho Court, the divorce case that occurred in Aceh Besar District was classified as high. The divorce rate is the number registered with the Jantho Syar'iyah Court, not including those who are not registered or divorce in secret without being registered with the Jantho Syar'iyah Court. Because traditionally, many people divorce without registering with the Syar'iyah Court, especially those whose social, educational and economic status is middle to lower, coupled with the long distance between their homes and the Syar'iyah Court. Therefore, the problems in this thesis are how the circuit court procedure in divorce cases at the Jantho Syar'iyah Court, how the community's participation in the implementation of circuit courts in divorce cases at the Jantho Syar'iyah Court and how the influence of circuit courts in the social life of the community. With the method of field research (field research) conducted at the Syar'iyah Jantho Court, the result of the research is that the procedure for conducting a circuit court consists of pre-trial stages, namely case registration, appointment of a panel of judges (PMH), appointment of a substitute clerk (PP) and a substitute bailiff. (JSP), Determination of Session Day (PHS), and Summons of the parties. The second stage of the trial is peace efforts, reading of lawsuit / petition, answer-answer, verification, deliberation of the panel of judges, reading of decisions / decisions, implementing the divorce vow and submitting divorce certificates. Insofar as it is implemented, community participation is very high so that it affects public awareness that the termination of a marriage relationship is very important to obtain legal certainty.
UNCOVER LOCAL WISDOM VALUE OF TRADE AT THE BORDER OF INDONESIA-MALAYSIA: AN ISLAMIC ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Iswanto Budi , Munadi Munadi , Suriadi Suriadi
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the study of local wisdom values of trade at the Indonesia-Malaysia border (in Perspective of Islamic Economics and Islamic teachings). The research location is in the community of Temajuk Sub-district which is directly adjacent to Malaysia. The trading activities undertaken by the Temajuk community have a local value that shows the relation with Islamic values, as well as the value of Islamic teachings. Local wisdom values of Temajuk Malay culture like Belalle ', Talangge ', Sikutuan, and Taware ' in a trading perspective are found in the indigenous ethnolinguistic Malay Temajuk. Ethnolinguistics is the value applied in Temajuk Malay customary as a form of communication which also has the value of Sharia trading. Ethnolinguistics above contains the value of Falah in trade, the form of Ethnolinguistics in trade communications is known by the Malay Community Temajuk and already being applied in the acceptance of trade, but the understanding of the values Contained in the indigenous Ethno linguistics  Malay Temajuk has not been known by the Temajuk Malay community, it is due to the interruption of the transfer of values between generations. So that the process of internalization of value needs to be conducted so that cultural functions as a manifestation of ideas that form the behavior of communities in trade can be implemented.========================================================================================================Menguak Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Perdagangan di Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia: Suatu Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Artikel ini memfokuskan pada kajian Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Perdagangan Daerah Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia (Dalam perspektif Ekonomi dan Pendidikan Islam). Dengan mengambil lokasi penelitian pada masyarakat di Daerah Temajuk yang berbatasan langsung dengan Malaysia. Kegiatan perdagangan yang dilakukan masyarakat temajuk ternyata memiliki nilai lokal yang menunjukan keterkaitan nilai ajaran Islami, serta nilai pendidikan Islam. Nilai-nilai kearifan lokal budaya Melayu Temajuk seperti belalle’, talangge’, sikutuan, dan taware’ dalam perspektif perdagangan terdapat dalam etnolinguistik adat Melayu Temajuk. Etnolinguistik tersebut merupakan nilai yang diaplikasikan dalam adat Melayu Temajuk sebagai bentuk komunikasi. Dan memiliki nilai perdagangan syariah. Etnolinguistik di atas mengandung nilai falah dalam perdagangan, bentuk etnolinguistik dalam komunikasi perdagangan diketahui oleh masyarakat Melayu Temajuk dan telah diaplikasikan dalam transaksi perdagangan, namun pemahaman terhadap nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam etnolinguistic adat Melayu Temajuk tersebut belum diketahui oleh masayarakat Melayu Temajuk disebabkan terputusnya transfer nilai antar generasi. Sehingga proses internalisasi nilai perlu dilakukan, agar fungsi budaya sebagai wujud ide dan gagasan yang membentuk prilaku masyarakat dalam perdagangan yang dapat diimplementasikan.
Ibn Al-Muqaffa’s Proposal for Taqnīn and its Synchronization with Islamic Law Codification in Indonesia
Authors: Sonafist H.Y. , Efyanti Yasni , Ramlah Ramlah , Hamzah Ali , Faizin Faizin
Published: December 2020

The research problems addressed in the article are the background story behind Ibn al-Muqaffa’s proposal for taqnīn, the historical background of the creation of the Islamic law codification in Indonesia, and the synchronization of ibn al-Muqaffa’s idea for taqnīn with the codification of Islamic law in Indonesia. The current study aims to unravel the view of Ibn Al-Muqaffa, an Islamic figure, about taqnīn. A biographical study was conducted by doing library research, especially on Ibn Al-Muqaffa’s proposal for taqnīn. The data collection procedure was divided into three parts i.e., orientation, exploration, focus-oriented research. Biographical research is part of a qualitative study that uses data analysis techniques and literature study as the qualitative data analysis as well as content analysis through the historical and textual approach. The results of the study reveal the method of law implementation before and during the lifetime of Ibn Al-Muqaffa which could be described as chaotic, with one of the reasons was because, at the time, the court had not possessed the statute that governed the legal activities other than the Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) which was used by the judges in accepting, examining, and deciding on cases addressed to them. Therefore, every judge took a decision based on their own ijtihad (an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question). Ibn Al-Muqaffa advised the Khalifa Abu Jakfar Al-Manshur to compile the correlated legal reasonings in Islamic jurisprudence in which to be implemented and to be applied as the binding legal force in the form of statutory law which was regulated nationally and to be used as guidance by all the judges without no exception. The codification of Islamic law in Indonesia has received a constitutional status based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical reasons. The researchers closely examine three types of Islamic legal laws i.e., Act number 7 of 1989, Act number 3 of 2006, and Act number 50 of 2009 concerning Religious Courts, Act number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf (Endowment), and Act number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia (Islamic) Banking. Taqnīn (the codification of Islamic law) must be adjusted to demands of the present time in which it is implemented and in accordance with the specific fields of law, for example, taqnīn for Civil Law, Criminal Law, Family Law, Judicial Law, State Administrative Procedure Law, State Administrative Law, And State Finances.
Study of Sociological Law on Conflict Resolution Through Adat in Aceh Community According to Islamic Law
Authors: M. Kasim Fajri , Nurdin Abidin
Published: December 2020

This study discusses conflict resolution through adat in Acehnese society according to Islamic law. Conflict resolution like this is a solution in the midst of the piling up of cases in the judiciary in Indonesia. This study uses the sociology of law theory which sees that law is a tool to control communities who can resolve conflicts, namely adat and cultural values. The data collection techniques used are; interviews and literature review. The results of this study indicate that conflict resolution with adat mechanisms in the perspective of sociology of law sees law as a tool and means to control and develop society. Law is seen as a means of community development in a better direction. In fact, the judiciary formally advocates for peace by deliberation known as mediation, this is done in the midst of piling up cases that must be resolved by law enforcers. Therefore, adat-based conflict resolution has advantages, among others, maintaining brotherhood and eliminating grudges, fast, cheap, promoting a sense of justice and elasticity. This advantage is possible because of the involvement of adat institutions as social elites that have both social and juridical legitimacy. Conflict resolution through adat is in line with the values of Islamic law, especially in the concept of al-urf, namely adat that do not conflict with sharia. The strong relationship between adat and Islam in Aceh has resulted in this pattern of conflict resolution being viable and enduring to this day.
An essay on the tails connecting us with the world and with each other: a great philosophy in one short story (inspired and based on the book: Tillmanns, M. (2019). Why We Are in Need of Tails, ill. By B. Thornley. Toronto, Iguana Books, 35 p.)
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Borisov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article is a philosophical essay based on Maria Tillmanns’ book Why We Are in Need of Tails (Iguana Books, 2019). In an allegorical form the essay presents many current philosophical issues such as understanding, companionship, communication, attitude towards the Other, and the continuity of cultural tradition.
Humanitarian therapy as a means of protecting against detriments of technological community
Authors:   City College of New York, Lou Marinoff
Published: December 2020

Globalization and the digital revolution are transforming human civilization in unprecedented ways, in large measure via innovation as well as imposition of emergent technologies on growing numbers of consumers. While these transformations confer undeniable benefits to humanity, the benefits are bundled with a corresponding set of detriments. This paper does not contest the benefits, but confronts the detriments. It appeals to humanities therapy as a remedy for many of the cognate problems experienced by individuals and societies alike, problems that stem from overexposure to technologies and underexposure to humanities.
Monetary policy special features in the context of low interest rates
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Nesterova Kristina
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper considers a wide range of monetary policy rules: integral stabilization, NGDP targeting, price level targeting, raising the inflation target, introducing negative nominal interest rates etc. The author also considers discretionary policy used by central banks when the nominal rate is close to zero, such as dramatic preventive cut of the key interest rate and interventions in the open markets with the aim of cutting long-term interest rates. The relevance of this problem is supported by global long-term macroeconomic and demographic factors, such as the dynamics of oil prices and the aging of the population. The aim of the paper is to identify the most effective monetary policy rules in order to reduce the risk of a nominal interest rate falling to zero. Methods. Analysis of the background and the results of general equilibrium models modeling monetary policy is carried out. Analysis of the role of current global trends (based on statistics) in aggravating the problem of declining interest rates. Scientific novelty of the research. The author systematizes the conclusions of modern macroeconomic theory, which offers a number of monetary rules making it possible to reduce the likelihood of falling into the zero bound of interest rate. Results. The effectiveness of monetary rules such as targeting nominal GDP and price levels in preventing the nominal interest rate from falling to zero is shown, primarily due to more efficient public expectations management which is a weak point of discretionary intervention. Conclusions. Under the current global factors for many developed countries and some oil-exporters, the downward trend in nominal rates persists. Combined with slowdown in economic growth, such threat may have negative consequences for the Russian economy. In this case, it seems reasonable to stick to the inflation target above 2% per year and in the future to consider switching to targeting the price level or nominal GDP.
Intellectuals and political discourse of resistance (sketches of Russian culture)
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Skiperskikh Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author shows how the government and the opposition interact in the political process. Actors representing opposition constantly produce political texts illustrating their alternative views. The existence of the opposition subject in a critical state in regards to the existing institutions of power is historically predetermined, which proves an active reflection from prominent theorists of political thought. A free dialogue of the government and the opposition is hardly possible in every single political system. In the case of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, this dialogue may be difficult. The consequences of free will for the subject of opposition can be quite severe. The author analyzes the political discourse of opposition as exemplified by the Soviet culture. The author is interested in the metaphors of opposition and their political context, which seems to be an inevitable condition and framework limiting creativity of one or another intellectual. The author studies a number of texts of the Soviet culture representatives, who used metaphors of opposition, and had a reputation of troublemakers. Such position of an intellectual generates sanctions of the repressive machine and predetermines very specific forms of presenting texts of opposition and apophasis. For convincing his own arguments, the author constantly turns to the heritage of the USSR representatives of unofficial culture in.
The worldview attitudes of an existential psychotherapist (based on the seminar of Rimas Kociunas “The picture of human life and the therapeutic process: introduction of an existential psychotherapist”)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Bogdanova Veronika
Published: December 2020

The article is a description of Rimas Kociunas’ seminar “The picture of human life and the therapeutic process: the introduction of an existential psychotherapist”, held in Moscow from February 13 to 16, 2020. The seminar was devoted to the study of the basic philosophical principles of existential psychotherapy on which work with a client is based. A specificity of existential therapy is the lack of specific technical methods and methods of working with a client, therefore the content of therapeutic work is determined by a particular vision of a person and his problems. From the point of view of existential therapists, the personality is in constant interaction with the world, the result of which is continuous formation; therefore, instead of studying the qualities and structures of the personality, one should study its life world and ways of building relationships with reality.
Non-classical models of social dynamics in social cognition of the 20th — early 21 centuries: results and development prospects
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Nekhamkin Valery
Published: December 2020

Introduction The article is focused on theoretical and methodological analysis of a number of social dynamics models that appeared on the basis of non-classical science. They are “challenge — response”, self-organization, a cycle of phase transitions “birth — life — death”, and “zone model”. The author reveals heuristic potential of each model, its strengths and weaknesses in the methodological aspect. The aim of the study is to consider the models of social dynamics that appeared on the basis of non-classical science in social cognition, identify their methodological foundations; compare these theoretical constructs with each other, and to improve these structures in theoretical and methodological aspects. Methods The following general scientific methods were used in the study: modeling, structural-functional, systemic and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the study. The author traces evolution of how the models under consideration have been forming in the framework of social cognition, and points out the epistemological foundations of their occurrence. In the “challenge-response” model, the author identifies its basic ideas and classifies the sources that generate historical “challenges” and the entities that form “answers” to them. The author specifies that the model of self-organization appeared long before the 20th century, but only thanks to the systematic approach and synergetics it acquires the necessary theoretical level. The author also points out positive aspects and limitations of the self-organization model in relation to social cognition. The author specifies the full structure of the “zone model” in social cognition, which includes the following elements: the center, the middle part, the intermediate space, and the periphery. Modifications of this model are shown in the framework of the world-system approach and other social theories. Results. The study demonstrates that in relation to each model, empirical material was first accumulated, and only then it was theoretically generalized on the basis of non-classical science. It is shown that the main merit of the world-system analysis is creating a “zone” model of social dynamics. The author recognizes that the zone model to the maximum extent includes other theoretical constructions: “challenge - answer”, self-organization, the cycle of phase transitions “birth - life - death”. It is assumed that in the future, theoretical approaches in the humanities are more likely to include new methodological tools. Conclusions. The author reveals continuity of intellectual instruments among various non-classical models of social dynamics, shows separate stages of the models evolution. It is stated that in the framework of the non-classical methodology of social cognition, there is a place for the approaches generated by classical science (for example, the assumption of linearity as a way of developing society).
Temporal justification of M. Heidegger’s ontological differentiation: simultaneity
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Oleinik Varvara
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article considers the ontological difference as a fundamental idea dividing M. Heidegger’s ontology into two levels. The author proposes an explication of temporal foundations for the main principle of fundamental ontology, the ontological difference, on the basis of existential analytics of Dasein. It is assumed that the organization of Dasein is a micromodel of being in general, which is the ultimate goal of M. Heidegger’s philosophical work. The aim of the study is to explicate the phenomenon of simultaneity as the ontological basis of the temporality of Dasein as a result of philosophical analysis, Methods The author uses hermeneutic, phenomenological and some general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. The scientific novelty of the study. When analyzing the self as an existential center of Dasein the author reveals the ontological duality of the first and, as a consequence, of the entire model of existence. The phenomenon of existence towards death is analyzed in the context of existential gap in the centre of the Dasein self, which gives rise to different ways of Dasein being - genuine and non-genuine; the author considers and analyzes the whole structure of the temporal Dasein in the light of the thesis of the human existence finiteness. On the basis of this idea, the key role of simultaneity is revealed, which becomes the ontologically initial concept in relation to the whole Dasein system of being and, accordingly, the fundamental ontology. It is suggested that the ontological difference is based on the more fundamental principle of temporal synthesis. Results. The author presents a model of Dasein existence structure on the basis of the dual nature of the self, with the simultaneity belonging to the ontologically determining specificity of the organization. Conclusions. The temporal justification of ontological differences reveals a feature of fundamental ontology, which consists in a specifically transformed dialectic of being and nothing. The study shows that fundamental ontology offers an atypical approach to the problem of time.
The economic potential of large municipal entities: theoretical and methodological approaches to analysis
Authors:   South Ural State University, Antonyuk Valentina , Kremer Darya ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2020

The article considers approaches in order to study large municipal entities and their economic potential. The authors specify that large municipal entities in modern conditions have a multifunctional structure, so they propose an interdisciplinary approach to their study. The article discusses such approaches to analyzing large municipalities as: philosophical; research from the perspective of social sciences and the humanities (political science, sociological, psychological, historiographic and ethnographic approaches). The authors analyze large municipalities from the perspective of the geographical approach; urban theory; urban planning and architecture. The problem of studying large municipalities in the legal sciences is separately investigated. With the help of the economic approach the authors show that at the core of urbanization and the emergence of large municipalities there are three effects: comparative advantage, concentration effect, and localization effect. The authors give classification of large municipalities. The authors propose a systematic approach to analyzing large cities, representing the unity of the functional approach, open systems methodology and the factor approach. Under the latter, it is proposed to understand the economic potential of the city, which presupposes the possibility of efficient use of available resources and their maximum inclusion in social reproduction in order to meet the needs of the municipality population. The authors substantiate the classification of the economic potential of a large municipal formation, which consists of: the resource (basic and used), innovative and infrastructural potentials.
“Care of self” in conditions of self-isolation
Authors:   South Ural State University, Penner Regina
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which spread around the world in early 2020, special attention is paid to external transformations in human life: forced staying at home, using personal protective equipment in public places, social distance, etc. Nevetheless, the inner world of a man is susceptible to serious transformations. Another necessary element that structures the world of self (J. Deleuze’s point of view) is turning into a potential carrier of the virus. Therefore, the problem of human reflection with the goal of taking care of oneself in a crisis situation is of particular relevance. The aim of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of spiritual practices of the period of Antiquity and the early Middle Ages as forms of caring of the internal in a person in the pandemic. Methods. The author uses general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction. In addition, a comparative historical method, an interpretation method and a systematic approach are applied. With the help of the dialectical approach, the connection between the external and the internal in a person was designated. Scientific novelty of the study. Three scenarios of human responses to self-isolation in the context of an event (external) – meaning (internal) are outlined: orientation to an external event; creating an external event; appeal to the self. Results. In the context of self-isolation, staying alone with himself, a person faced a problem, a crisis of identity (empirical evidence for this problem was provided by psychologists and psychotherapists in Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk region). This problem is due to the fact that the pandemic has reduced many of the person’s connections with the outside world (work, study, relationships with friends and relatives) and / or transferred them to a remote format. Therefore, consciously or optionally, at the level of an unreasonable request, a person has a need to rethink his self. Rethinking is a reflexive procedure when a person re-learns to communicate with his self. M. Foucault analyzed and systematized examples of spiritual work with I, looking into the practices of care of the self in ancient thinkers’ and early Christians’ studies. Conclusion. The COVID-19 virus has made significant adjustments to human life. No less adjustments were made to the events (F. Girenok) that fill the life of a person. A man’s replies to changes in his being can be laid between two poles: event and meaning. Even while at home, many continue to focus on the external, creating something of their own (for example, audiovisual production) or consuming the results of others. At the same time, orientation to meaning involves focusing on oneself. Philosophers and theologians who practiced self-care about two millennia ago, proposed different forms of reflection, pursuing one goal, to learn to talk with oneself.
“Children’s questions” and “adult answers”: existential psychoanalysis (reflection on the book: Epstein M.N. Children’s questions: dialogues. Moscow, ArsisBooks Publishing House, 2020. 176 p.)
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Borisov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article is a philosophical reflection of the author, caused by M.N. Epstein’s book “Children’s Questions: Dialogues” (Moscow, 2020). The book presents more than 300 children’s questions, covering the most diverse facets of being: from the universe as a whole to psychological, moral, social, aesthetic problems. The idea of the book is to engage children and adults in a general conversation about the most important phenomena of the universe. The author of the article weaves the material of the book into the outline of existential comprehension of truth.
Querelas que interessam: Forensic Architecture e os paradoxos da arte e da política
Authors: Osorio Luiz Camillo
Published: December 2020

A indecidibilidade entre arte e não-arte, inerente à cena artística desde Marcel Duchamp e característica fundamental do regime estético das artes, será tomada aqui como ponto de partida  para pensar as intervenções do coletivo Forensic Architecture. Atuando entre tribunais internacionais de direitos humanos e museus de arte contemporânea, suas montagens lidam com vídeos, simulações 3D, diagramas, entrevistas, reconstruções arquitetônicas, sempre partindo de litígios reais cujos vereditos foram dados em situações de assimetria de poder. Independentemente de ser ou não-arte, o Forensic usa os espaços da arte e este “estado de arte sem arte” como fórum necessário para ampliar o debate sobre o que podemos ver, como recortamos o que cabe ser visto, qual nossa responsabilidade sobre o visível. Eles trazem para dentro do museu e do campo paradoxal da arte contemporânea um debate complexo sobre política, justiça e bem comum.
Performance of potato variety Kufri Megha under different irrigation scheduling and date of planting at North Eastern Indian mid hills
Authors:   College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India, Gogoi M. , Ray Lala I.P. ,   College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India, Swami Sanjay ,   College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India, Kant K. ,   College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India, Meena N.K. ,   College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: To assess the performance of winter potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety Kufri Megha, under real time based irrigation scheduling, i.e., ratio of depth of irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation in mid hills of Meghalaya during winter season of 2016-17. Methodology: A field trial with three different irrigation scheduling as main-treatments, viz., IW: CPE- 0.75 (I1), IW: CPE- 1.00 (I2) and IW: CPE- 1.25 (I3), four different dates of planting, viz., 1st November (D1), 11th November (D2), 21st November (D3) and 1st December (D4) was laid out and replicated thrice. Irrigation was provided with a micro sprinkler irrigation system and was laid out in split plot design. Results: The plants planted on 11th November and irrigation scheduled at IW: CPE-1.25 recorded higher values for plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation per plant, net assimilation ratio, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, tuber yield (t ha-1), haulm yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%), water use efficiency and benefit cost ratio over other treatments. Interpretation: It can be recommended that by following climatological approach of cumulative pan evaporation for irrigation scheduling in potato using micro sprinkler method of irrigation, the crop water requirement could be met during lean period to avoid moisture stress in plants coupled with planting at the right climatic conditions.
Technical efficiency of Indian farmers in sugarcane production- A panel stochastic frontier approach
Authors:   Department of Economics, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai-600 020, India, Felix K.T. , Umanath M. ,   Department of Economics, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai-600 020, India, Kumar P.N. ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, Meena N.K. ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: To estimate the technical inefficiency of Indian farmers in sugarcane production. Methodology: Although various stochastic frontier models for panel data are available, six of them were considered for the study, which is frequently applied in empirical research. Based on the log likelihood ratio, results are interpreted only for kumbhakar, lien and hardaker (KLH) model. Results: Indian farm?s overall technical efficiency ranged from minimum 0.11 to maximum 0.93 with a mean value of 0.70, it means that with same resource based average sugarcane growers can increase their yield up to 23% and most technical inefficient grower can increase their yield up to 82% in order to achieve overall technical efficiency level (93%) of efficient fellow grower in study area. Though, Tamil Nadu has the highest overall technical efficiency score in sugarcane production (0.76), the negative growth rate indicates its decline in technical efficiency. Haryana has a negative growth rate in persistent, residual and overall technical efficiency in sugarcane production. Interpretation: Among the seven states, Uttaranchal showed the highest scope of improving the sugarcane yield with 36%, followed by Uttar Pradesh (34%), Haryana (33%), Maharashtra (30%), Karnataka (30%), Andhra Pradesh (25%) and Tamil Nadu (24%). Results of parameter estimates confirmed that area in hectare, machine usage in hours, seed quantity in kilograms, manure usage in quintals and total fertilizer usage in kilograms are significant and positively influence the sugarcane production. The coefficients of dummy for farm size reveals that medium and large sugarcane farms are less efficient compared to small farms. Similarly, the share of own machine-hours has a negative impact on sugarcane production. Based on the empirical results appropriate policy is suggested for the study.
Diversity and density of Collembola as influenced by soil physico-chemical properties in fallow land ecosystem of Assam, India
Authors:   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 785013, India, Bhagawati S. , Bhattacharyya B. ,   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 785013, India, Medhi B.K. ,   Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013, India, Bhattacharjee S. ,   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 785013, India, Mishra H. ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam Agricultural University, Karimganj-788712, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: To investigate the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of Collembola in an undisturbed fallow land ecosystem. Methodology: Soil sampling was done at monthly intervals to explore the diversity, density and seasonal variation patterns of collembolan population in a fallow land ecosystem during March, 2015 to February, 2016. Collembolans were sampled using Tullgren funnel and identified by standard taxonomic keys. Finally, correlation studies were conducted to assess the influence of different soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of collembolans. Results: Five species of Collembola (Cyphoderus sp., Entomobrya sp., Isotoma sp., Folsomia sp. and Hypogastrura sp.) belonging to 4 families (Cyphoderidae, Entomobryidae, Isotomidae and Hypogastruridae) were identified. Cyphoderus sp. was recorded to be the most abundant species contributing 44.29 percent of population. Analysis of different diversity indices revealed higher diversity of collembolans during summer, indicating the presence of relatively stable habitats as compared to other seasons. Summer season also recorded highest density of Collembola. During all the seasons studied, a strong significant positive correlation (P<0.05 and P<0.01) of collembolan population was registered with soil moisture and organic carbon, respectively, however, remaining edaphic factors registered non-significant relationship with the collembolan density and diversity Interpretation: The study clearly indicated that the soil moisture and organic carbon content had a positive relationship with collembolan population and provides a relatively favourable ecological niche for their assemblages.
Soil fertility status of Ratte Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
Authors:   Regional Research Station, Kapurthala, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana -141 004, India, Bhatt R. , Swami Sanjay ,   School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, (Central Agricultural University), Umiam (Barapani)-793 103, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: To delineates micro and macro nutrients along with physico-chemical properties of Ratte-Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India for effective use of nutrients. Methodology: Thirty two soil samples were collected during 2019 from eight different location using GPS from different soils depths viz.? 0-15,15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm in the problematic water logged soils of Ratte-khera farm. Further, GPS maps were also prepared pertaining to different depths for the judicious use of fertilizers in the region.? Parker nutrient index was also evaluated for different nutrients for the region. Results: Around 87.5% of the samples had normal pH (6.5 -8.7) and 12.5% soils were with pH on higher side with higher range of EC, lower range of SOC, higher and potassium. About 87.5 % samples were in higher available-phosphorus. Further, lower and higher range of DTPA zinc and copper observed in samples while 25 and 37.5% recorded with lower range of DTPA iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Correlation analysis revealed? availability of Fe is positively associated with Mn, P, Cu and Zn in the soil. Interpretation: Soils of Ratte-Khera farm reported to be saline (white alkali soils) with normal range of pH (no need to add any gypsum or lime). Final recommendation is to apply 25% higher dose of nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers with no need for potassic fertilizers. Further, micro-nutrients should be applied as and when symptoms observed on the field crops.
Comparative response of sorghum genotypes to varied levels of nitrogen in rice-fallows of North Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Naira-532 185, India, Naik B.S.S.S. , Murthy K.R. ,   Department of Agronomy, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, RARS, Ragolu-532 484, India, Rupesh T. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Maharana Prathap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313 001, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: The objective of this research was to find a suitable variety and amount of nitrogen to work out their best combination for accomplishing higher productivity of Sorghum under rice fallow environment in Coastal Zone of South India. Methodology: An experimental trial was carried out with four sorghum genotypes viz., V1- CSH 15R, V2- CSH 16, V3- CSH 25 and V4- MLSH 296 and four nitrogen doses viz., N1: 0 kg N ha-1, N2: 80 kg N ha-1, N3: 100 kg N ha-1 and N4: 120 kg N ha-1.The investigation was outlined in split plot design with three replications. ?? Results: Rice fallow sorghum genotype CSH 25 and supplementation of 120 kg N ha-1 had outstandingly recorded the highest grain weight, higher grain yield and physiological recovery of nitrogen among other genotypes. Nonetheless, in contrast to this, fodder yield was highest with hybrid CSH 15R at 120 kg ha-1, but apparent recovery of nitrogen (%) and soil harvest nitrogen had recorded highest in CSH 16 at same level of nitrogen (120 kg ha-1). Interpretation: It can be terminated that sorghum growers under rice fallow conditions can opt for sorghum genotype CSH 25 (V3) with the supplementation of 120 kg N ha-1 (N4) for? higher yield under rice fallow ecology of North Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh in South India.
Management of Aphelenchoides besseyi infecting Polianthes tuberosa in West Bengal, India
Authors:   College of Post Graduate Studies, Umroi Road, Umiam-793103, India, Kadam V. , Patidar R.K. ,   College of Post Graduate Studies, Umroi Road, Umiam-793103, India, Thangjam R. ,   College of Horticulture, CAU, Thenzawl, Mizoram, Pathak M. ,   College of Post Graduate Studies, Umroi Road, Umiam-793103, India, Mukhapadhyay A.K. ,   Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia-741 252, India
Published: December 2020

Aim: The study was conducted for management of foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi through different treatment modules in tuberose, Polianthes tuberose. Methodology: A field experiment was carried out with seven treatment modules with four replications to assess the efficacy of treatment modules to manage the foliar nematode in tuberose variety, Calcutta Double. Observations on germination percentage and spike emergence as well as initial and final nematode population in bulbs and plant growth parameters were analysed.? Results: The experiment was conducted with naturally infected plant of tuberose bearing an initial nematode population per five bulbs. The per cent change over treated bulb was found significantly different from the control. The experiment revealed that the germination percent of tuberose bulbs increased under the treatment modules compared to untreated control. Emergence of 55 per cent and 100 per cent spike in treatment modules was earlier than the untreated check. Plant growth parameters were superior in treatment modules as compared to control. Symptoms like stunted growth of plants prickle like structures on the scape and flower and hardy brown flowers in untreated plants were not found in the treated plots.? Interpretation: Symptom development in different parts of tuberose plants increased with increase in population of foliar nematode rendering to the unmarketable tuberose plants. Therefore, an urgent need of management of foliar nematode is documented with seven treatment modules and the modules were found effective in managing the nematode population in field condition.
Best-sellers e ensino de literatura: mercado editorial, leitores e escola
Authors: Silva de Lima Luzimar , Marly Alves Shirlei
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar as relações entre os best-sellers da cultura de massa como produto do mercado editorial, os leitores e a escola. Focalizamos, portanto, as conjecturas e a recepção que essa literatura alcança em espaço escolar quanto ao ensino de literatura, bem como as conotações de que se reveste o termo best-seller por ser oriundo do mercado editorial, considerando as perspectivas do consumo, dos leitores e da escola. Para tanto, foram basilares os estudos de Petit (2009), Sodré (1988), Candido (1998), Cosson (2014), Reimão (1996), Calvino (1993), entre outros. Em linhas gerais, os autores discutem a literatura enquanto prática de liberdade, de acesso aos diferentes níveis e modalidades da cultura, bem como o conceito de cânone e implicações com os best-sellers, considerando as escolhas dos leitores para além do que a escola indica como leitura. Nesse sentido, o mercado editorial influencia fortemente o consumo de muitas obras, dentre as quais um maior destaque é dado aos best-sellers da cultura de massa, cada vez mais presentes no repertório de leituras do jovem leitor. Dessa forma, partir do conhecido para o desconhecido pelo aluno pode ser um importante ponto de partida do ensino de literatura na escola. Assim, vislumbramos o reconhecimento dos leitores e suas preferências, bem como a necessidade de um olhar para a arte literária a partir das perspectivas política e democrática quando a questão é leitura literária na escola.