bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of vertical stability for negative triangularity pilot plants
Authors: Guizzo S , Nelson A O , Hansen C , Logak F , Paz-Soldan C
Published: April 2024

Negative triangularity (NT) tokamak configurations may be more susceptible to magneto-hydrodynamic instability, posing challenges for recent reactor designs centered around their favorable properties, such as improved confinement and operation free of edge-localized modes. In this work, we assess the vertical stability of plasmas with NT shaping and develop potential reactor solutions. When coupled with a conformal wall, NT equilibria are confirmed to be less vertically stable than equivalent positive triangularity (PT) configurations. Unlike PT, their vertical stability is degraded at higher poloidal beta. Furthermore, improvements in vertical stability at low aspect ratio do not translate to the NT geometry. NT equilibria are stabilized in PT vacuum vessels due to the increased proximity of the plasma and the wall on the outboard side, but this scenario is found to be undesirable due to reduced vertical gaps which give less spatial margin for control recovery. Instead, we demonstrate that informed positioning of passively conducting plates can lead to improved vertical stability in NT configurations on par with stability metrics expected in PT scenarios. An optimal setup for passive plates in highly elongated NT devices is presented, where plates on the outboard side of the device reduce vertical instability growth rates to 16% of their baseline value. For lower target elongations, integration of passive stabilizers with divertor concepts can lead to significant improvements in vertical stability. Plates on the inboard side of the device are also uniquely enabled in NT geometries, providing opportunity for spatial separation of vertical stability coils and passive stabilizers.
Mesoscopic transport in KSTAR plasmas: avalanches and the E × B staircase
Authors: Choi Minjun J , Kwon Jae-Min , Qi Lei , Diamond P H , Hahm T S , Jhang Hogun , Kim Juhyung , Leconte M , Kim Hyun-Seok , Kang Jisung , Park Byoung-Ho , Chung Jinil , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Minho , Yun Gunsu S , Nam Y U , Kim Jaewook , Ko Won-Ha , Lee K D , Juhn J W ,   the KSTAR Team
Published: April 2024

The self-organization is one of the most interesting phenomena in the non-equilibrium complex system, generating ordered structures of different sizes and durations. In tokamak plasmas, various self-organized phenomena have been reported, and two of them, coexisting in the near-marginal (interaction dominant) regime, are avalanches and the E × B staircase. Avalanches mean the ballistic flux propagation event through successive interactions as it propagates, and the E × B staircase means a globally ordered pattern of self-organized zonal flow layers. Various models have been suggested to understand their characteristics and relation, but experimental researches have been mostly limited to the demonstration of their existence. Here we report detailed analyses of their dynamics and statistics and explain their relation. Avalanches influence the formation and the width distribution of the E × B staircase, while the E × B staircase confines avalanches within its mesoscopic width until dissipated or penetrated. Our perspective to consider them the self-organization phenomena enhances our fundamental understanding of them as well as links our findings with the self-organization of mesoscopic structures in various complex systems.
Design and experimental investigation of a positive feedback magnetic-coupled piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Shi Rui , Chen Jiawei , Ma Tianbing , Li Changpeng , Ouyang Yuqing
Published: April 2024

A positive feedback magnetic-coupled piezoelectric energy harvester (PFM) is proposed to address the limitations of current piezoelectric energy collectors, including restricted acquisition direction, limited acquisition bandwidth, and low energy output. Firstly, the dynamic theoretical model of the energy harvester was established, and the optimization factors were explored, providing a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent research endeavors. The energy capture characteristics of rectangular beam and compound trapezoidal beam were compared through finite element simulation analysis. Subsequently, an experimental platform was constructed and an optimized experimental methodology was devised to analyze the energy capture characteristics and enhance the performance of the energy harvester. The results demonstrate that the positive feedback magnetic-coupled PFM with a trapezoidal beam exhibits superior energy capture efficiency. Furthermore, it is observed that the optimized energy harvester possesses wide frequency coverage, multi-directional capabilities, low-frequency adaptability, and facilitates easy vibration. When the 45 kΩ resistor is connected in series and subjected to a longitudinal external excitation amplitude of 0.5 g, it is capable of generating an average voltage and power output of 4.20 V and 0.39 mW respectively at a vibration frequency of 9 Hz. Similarly, when exposed to a transverse external excitation amplitude of 1 g, it can produce an average voltage output of 6.2 V and power output of 0.85 mW at a vibration frequency of 19 Hz. When the inclination angle of the energy harvester is set to 35 degrees, the maximum voltage output occurs at a frequency of 18 Hz and the Z-axis to X-axis force ratio of the energy harvester is 1.428. These research findings can serve as valuable references for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications in self-powered microelectronic systems.
Calculation of trapping optical forces induced by a focused continuous Hermite Gaussian beam on a nano-dielectric spherical particle
Authors: Shukri M A , Thabit F M
Published: April 2024

An analytical expression for the intensity distribution of a focused continuous Hermite Gaussian beam after passing through a positive lens has been derived. Analytically, this intensity has been used to derive the gradient force acting on a nano-dielectric spherical particle . It is found that, the beam modes (p, l) have a direct influence on the trap stability, the number of trapping regions, the area of trapping zones and the particle size range.
The inverted pendulum as a classical analog of the EFT paradigm
Authors: Beneke Martin , König Matthias , Link Martin
Published: April 2024

The inverted pendulum is a mechanical system with a rapidly oscillating pivot point. Using techniques similar in spirit to the methodology of effective field theories, we derive an effective Lagrangian that allows for the systematic computation of corrections to the so-called Kapitza equation. The derivation of the effective potential of the system requires non-trivial matching conditions, which need to be determined order by order in the power-counting of the problem. The convergence behavior of the series is investigated on the basis of high-order results obtained by this method. The results from this analysis can be used to determine the regions of parameter space, in which the inverted position of the pendulum is stable or unstable to high precision.
Prolate-oblate shape transitions and O(6) symmetry in even–even nuclei: a theoretical overview
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Martinou Andriana , Peroulis S K , Mertzimekis T J , Minkov N
Published: April 2024

Prolate to oblate shape transitions have been predicted in an analytic way in the framework of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM), determining O(6) as the symmetry at the critical point. Parameter-independent predictions for prolate to oblate transitions in various regions on the nuclear chart have been made in the framework of the proxy-SU(3) and pseudo-SU(3) symmetries, corroborated by recent non-relativistic and relativistic mean field calculations along series of nuclear isotopes, with parameters fixed throughout, as well as by shell model calculations taking advantage of the quasi-SU(3) symmetry. Experimental evidence for regions of prolate to oblate shape transitions is in agreement with regions in which nuclei bearing the O(6) dynamical symmetry of the IBM have been identified, lying below major shell closures. In addition, gradual oblate to prolate transitions are seen when crossing major nuclear shell closures, in analogy to experimental observations in alkali clusters.
Comparative studies of role of different structure factors in various physical properties of some simple liquid metals
Authors: Jani Mayank H , Vora Aditya M
Published: April 2024

In the current work, the comparison of the structure factors and pair correlation functions produced by using eight different theoretical models based on the Perckus-Yevick Hard Sphere (PYHS), Hard Sphere Yukawa (HSY), Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA), Generalized Mean Spherical Approximation (GMSA), Soft Sphere (SS), One-Component Plasma (OCP), Optimized Random Phase Approximation (ORPA) and Charged Hard Sphere (CHS) models for liquid metals viz. Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Zn, Ca, Al, Ga, In, Pb, Sn, Bi and Sb are carried out. Our own model potential is used with the Taylor (TY) screening function in the present computation. With this, certain physical properties such as electrical transport (electrical resistivity), vibrational property (phonon dispersion), dynamical property (velocity autocorrelation function (VACF)) and static (long wavelength of structure factor) properties has also been calculated. When the several theoretical models of the structure factors of the researched simple liquid metals are compared, it is discovered that the experimental data is consistent and in good agreement with the theoretical models.
Computational investigation of the structural, elastic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of chloroperovskites GaXCl3 (X = Be, Ca, or Sr) using DFT framework
Authors: Radjai Missoum , Saad Essaoud Saber , Bouhemadou Abdelmadjid , Allali Djamel , Bedjaoui Abdelhak , Bin-Omran Saad , Khenata Rabah , Al-Douri Yarub
Published: April 2024

In this study, we employed the pseudopotential plane wave approach to examine the influence of the X atom (X = Be, Ca, or Sr) on the physical properties of isostructural chloroperovskites GaXCl3. The GGA-PBEsol functional was employed to simulate the exchange–correlation interactions. The computed equilibrium lattice parameters exhibit a high level of concordance with the existing theoretical findings. The cohesion energy and enthalpy of formation were computed to verify the energetic stability of the materials under consideration. The determined values of the single-crystal elastic constants (Cij) indicate that GaBeCl3 remains mechanically stable up to a hydrostatic pressure of 18 GPa. Similarly, GaCaCl3 preserves its stability up to 5 GPa, while GaSrCl3 remains mechanically stable up to 1.25 GPa. The projected Cij values were used to estimate several elastic moduli and related properties, including the shear and bulk moduli, sound wave speeds, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Debye temperature. The energy band structures of the studied compounds, as predicted by the HSE06 functional, demonstrate their wide bandgap semiconductor nature. Specifically, GaBeCl3 demonstrates an indirect bandgap of 3.828 eV, while GaCaCl3 reveals an indirect bandgap of 4.612 eV and GaSrCl3 has an indirect bandgap of 4.405 eV. The quasiharmonic Debye approach was employed to examine various thermal parameters, including the temperature dependence of the unit cell volume, bulk modulus, expansion coefficient, Debye temperature, isochoric and isobar heat capacities, Grüneisen parameter, and entropy function. It has been shown that GaBeCl3 demonstrates a lower thermal expansion coefficient and a higher Debye temperature in comparison to GaCaCl3 and GaSrCl3.
Comparative study of linear and nonlinear ultrasound applied to the detection of hydrogen damage in 7N01 aluminum alloy
Authors: Qin Shuzhi , Chen Bing , Qiu Feifei , Gou Guoqing
Published: April 2024

7N01 aluminum alloy samples with different hydrogen damage degrees were prepared by electrochemical hydrogen charging technology. 7N01 aluminum alloy samples with different degrees of hydrogen damage were characterized by metallographic observation, hardness test and XRD test. The results show that the hydrogen content increases with the increase of hydrogen charging time. The surface of aluminum alloy is exfoliated and pits appear. The more severe the hydrogen damage, the greater the depth of pits. The microhardness of the 7N01 aluminum alloy decreases after hydrogen damage, which only occurs near the surface. After electrochemical hydrogen charging, AlH3 appears in the structure of 7N01 aluminum alloy, which is the result of increased hydrogen concentration. The ultrasonic echo signals of hydrogen damaged samples were obtained by a high frequency longitudinal probe ultrasonic detection device, and the results of linear and nonlinear ultrasonic detection were compared. Traditional linear ultrasonic detection parameters such as sound velocity and attenuation coefficient do not change significantly in the early stage of hydrogen damage, but increase significantly in the late stage of hydrogen damage. Due to the change of microstructure, the nonlinear coefficient increases approximately linearly in the early stage of hydrogen damage and decreases in the late stage of hydrogen damage. This study demonstrates the potential for combining linear and nonlinear ultrasonic measurements in hydrogen environment to more comprehensively study hydrogen damage.
A vibration isolation gasket based on elastic metamaterial for low-frequency waves
Authors: Zeng Yi , Zhang Kun , Zuo Peng , Feng Huiyong
Published: April 2024

In recent years, elastic metamaterials have become extremely fascinating to many researchers due to the bandgap characteristics. This study develops, a basic elastic metamaterial-based vibration isolation gasket that is capable of isolating low-frequency elastic waves. The elastic metamaterial based on local resonance has been numerically and experimentally investigated and discussed. The result shows that a wide low-frequency bandgap from 430 Hz to 1490 Hz appears for elastic waves. Although the elastic metamaterial is only made up of three unit cells, modeling and experimental findings demonstrate a significant attenuation impact. This work not only provides a new option to design elastic metamaterial for controlling elastic waves, but also provides a new design idea for vibration isolation gasket.
Stability verification of quantum non-i.i.d. sources
Authors: Martínez Vargas Esteban
Published: April 2024

We introduce the problem of stability verification of quantum sources which are non-i.i.d.. The problem consists in ascertaining whether a given quantum source is stable or not, in the sense that it produces always a desired quantum state or if it suffers deviations. Stability is a statistical notion related to the sparsity of errors. This problem is closely related to the problem of quantum verification first proposed by Pallister et al (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120), however, it extends the notion of the original problem. We introduce a family of states that come from these non-i.i.d. sources which we call a Markov state. These sources are more versatile than the i.i.d. ones as they allow statistical deviations from the norm instead of the more coarse previous approach. We prove in theorem 1 that the Markov states are not well described with tensor products over a changing source. In theorem 2 we further provide a lower bound on the trace distance between two Markov states, or conversely, an upper bound on the fidelity between these states. This is a bound on the capacity of determining the stability property of the source, which shows that it is exponentially easier to ascertain this with respect to n, the number of outcomes from the source.
Electrostatic microturbulence in W7-X: comparison of local gyrokinetic simulations with Doppler reflectometry measurements
Authors: González-Jerez A. , García-Regaña J.M. , Calvo I. , Carralero D. , Estrada T. , Sánchez E. , Barnes M. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: April 2024

The first experimental campaigns of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) have shown that turbulence plays a decisive role in the performance of neoclassically optimized stellarators. This stresses the importance of understanding microturbulence from the theoretical and experimental points of view. To this end, this paper addresses a comprehensive characterization of the turbulent fluctuations by means of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations performed with the code stella in two W7-X scenarios. In the first part of the paper, the amplitude of the density fluctuations is calculated and compared with measurements obtained by Doppler reflectometry (DR) in the OP1 experimental campaigns. It is found that the trend of the fluctuations along the radius is explained by the access of the DR system to different regions of the turbulence wavenumber spectrum. In the second part of the article, frequency spectra of the density fluctuations and the zonal component of the turbulent flow are numerically characterized for comparisons against future experimental analyses. Both quantities feature broad frequency spectra with dominant frequencies of O(1)–O(10)  kHz.
Deep purification of copper from zinc sulfate solution using controllable aging FeS nanoparticles through slow-release sulfide precipitation
Authors: Zhang Xingfei , Tian Jia , Zeng Liqiang , Wang Yufeng , Sun Wei , Han Haisheng , Yang Yue
Published: April 2024

The purification of impurity ions within zinc hydrometallurgical solutions significantly impacts the subsequent quality of zinc electrodeposition. Traditional methods for copper removal from zinc solutions suffer from issues like limited reactivity, high consumption, and elevated costs. To address these challenges, controllable aging of FeS nanoparticles was designed, employing temperature variations to facilitate comprehensive copper removal from neutral zinc leachates. The aging process imparts a crystalline structure to the FeS nanoparticles, enabling the slow release of sulfide ions. A temperature of 60°C is regarded as the optimal aging temperature, at which the resultant FeS nanoparticles exhibit an optimal sustained-release performance during the aging process. Temperature has been found to be a crucial factor influencing the sustained-release performance of FeS. Once the reaction temperature surpasses 60°C, the utilization efficiency of S ions in the sustained-release agent can reach over 95%, with a maximum of 98.5%. Under optimal conditions featuring a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction duration of 30 minutes, and a solution pH maintained at 1, the dosage aged FeS at the S/Cu (II) ratio of 1.2 times, nearly 100% copper removal rate can be achieved. The maximum removal rate for cadmium does not exceed 2.5%, and the residual copper concentration in the zinc leachate is below 0.2 mg/L. The precipitate obtained is high-purity copper sulfide residue, which contains virtually no zinc. Slow-release sulfidation can maximize the utilization efficiency of sulfide ions in the solution, reduce the occurrence of competing reactions, and minimize the intermixing of products. It offers advantages such as high selectivity and deep purification.
Optimization of support vector machine for transformer core and winding looseness fault diagnosis based on improved grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Tan Lian , Han Jianglong , Ding Yixuan , Sun Kuo
Published: April 2024

To diagnose transformer core and winding looseness faults more timely and effectively, a complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and improved grey wolf optimization-based support vector machine (IGWO-SVM) method for transformer core and winding looseness fault diagnosis are proposed. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through CEEMD. Secondly, the energy entropy of different IMFs is calculated, and the energy entropy of different states is formed into a feature dataset. Then, the improved GWO-optimized SVM model is used to classify and recognize the feature dataset. Finally, we establish an experimental platform for experimental verification. The results show that the proposed method can accurately and effectively diagnose transformer core and winding looseness faults, and has a high diagnostic accuracy, which is at least 3.5% higher than the existing optimal diagnostic models. The proposed method provides a theoretical reference for the development of transformer fault diagnosis strategies.
Control strategy for flexible interconnection device considering transformer power losses
Authors: Lin Yurun , Miao Xiren
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a flexible interconnection device control strategy. It takes transformer power loss into account to solve the problems of voltage overrun, station load imbalance, and unbalanced transformer capacity allocation that occur after the large-scale connection of distributed power sources into the low-voltage distribution network to realize the mutual aid of active power and load balancing between interconnected stations. Firstly, the VSC control strategy with capacitor current feedback active damping link is introduced to accurately execute the power commands and maintain the DC bus voltage stability. Then, the load regulation strategy with transformer power loss is proposed to generate the power commands of the flexible interconnection device. Finally, the simulation results show that the control strategy of the flexible interconnection device with transformer power loss mentioned in this paper can flexibly control the power transmitted by each port and maintain the bus voltage stability. The simulation results show that the flexible interconnection device control strategy proposed in this paper, which takes into account the transformer power loss, can flexibly control the transmission power at each port to keep the bus voltage stable. Moreover, it can effectively reduce system loss compared with the traditional load regulation strategy.
Influence of lightning current waveforms of cloud-to-ground lightning with multi-return strokes on the lightning withstand level of 500 kV transmission lines
Authors: Zhang Peixuan , Liao Zhiming , Han Yongxia , Li Qian
Published: April 2024

The most common factor causing line tripping is lightning strokes, and it is necessary to conduct research on the lightning withstand level (LWL). The statistical results of lightning location systems (LLS) in various regions of China indicate that the total proportion of cloud-to-ground lightning with multi-return strokes in nature is 30% to 50%. The traditional method of lightning protection design for 500 kV lines based on the current waveform of single lightning strokes is no longer enough to effectively protect existing transmission lines. Therefore, in this paper an electromagnetic transient simulation model for 500 kV lines was established, to compare the LWL difference between single and multiple lightning strokes. The influence of the tower height, the grounding resistance, and the lightning current waveforms are all simulated and discussed. It is found that the back flashover LWL of 500 kV lines is significantly influenced by the lightning current waveforms. Meanwhile, reducing the grounding resistance cannot effectively increase the LWL of 500 kV lines when the tower is too high and the rise time of the lightning current is too short. It is proposed that the lightning current waveforms should be fully considered while calculating the LWL of 500 kV lines, both single and multiple lightning currents, providing a reference for practical engineering construction.
CORHEL-CME: An Interactive Tool For Modeling Solar Eruptions
Authors: Linker Jon A. , Torok Tibor , Downs Cooper , Caplan Ronald M. , Titov Viacheslav , Reyes Andres , Lionello Roberto , Riley Pete
Published: April 2024

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are immense eruptions of plasma and magnetic fields that are propelled outward from the Sun, sometimes with velocities greater than 2000 km/s. They are responsible for some of the most severe space weather at Earth, including geomagnetic storms and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We have developed CORHEL-CME, an interactive tool that allows non-expert users to routinely model multiple CMEs in a realistic coronal and heliospheric environment. The tool features a web-based user interface that allows the user to select a time period of interest, and employs Regularized Biot-Savart Law (RBSL) flux ropes to create stable and unstable pre-eruptive configurations within a background global magnetic field. The properties of these configurations can first be explored in a zero-beta magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, followed by complete CME simulations in thermodynamic MHD, with propagation out to 1 AU. We describe design features of the interface and computations, including the innovations required to efficiently compute results on practical timescales with moderate computational resources. CORHEL-CME is now implemented at NASA's Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) using NASA Amazon Web Services (AWS). It will be available to the public in early 2024.
Modeling of TeV Galactic Cosmic-ray Anisotropy based on Intensity Mapping in an MHD Model Heliosphere
Authors: Amenomori M. , Bao Y. W. , Bi X. J. , Chen D. , Chen T. L. , Chen W. Y. , Chen Xu , Chen Y. , Cirennima  , Cui S. W. , Danzengluobu  , Ding L. K. , Fang J. H. , Fang K. , Feng C. F. , Feng Zhaoyang , Feng Z. Y. , Gao Qi , Gou Q. B. , Guo Y. Q. , Guo Y. Y. , Hayashi Y. , He H. H. , He Z. T. , Hibino K. , Hotta N. , Hu Haibing , Hu H. B. , Hu K. Y. , Huang J. , Jia H. Y. , Jiang L. , Jiang P. , Jin H. B. , Kasahara K. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kato S. , Kawahara I. , Kawashima T. , Kawata K. , Kozai M. , Labaciren  , Le G. M. , Li A. F. , Li H. J. , Li W. J. , Li Y. , Lin Y. H. , Liu B. , Liu C. , Liu J. S. , Liu L. Y. , Liu M. Y. , Liu W. , Lu H. , Makishima T. , Masuda Y. , Matsuhashi S. , Matsumoto M. , Meng X. R. , Meng Y. , Mizuno A. , Munakata K. , Nakamura Y. , Nanjo H. , Ning C. C. , Nishizawa M. , Noguchi R. , Ohnishi M. , Okukawa S. , Ozawa S. , Qian X. , Qian X. L. , Qu X. B. , Saito T. , Sakata M. , Sako T. , Sako T. K. , Sasaki T. , Shao J. , Shibasaki T. , Shibata M. , Shiomi A. , Sugimoto H. , Takano W. , Takita M. , Tan Y. H. , Tateyama N. , Torii S. , Tsuchiya H. , Udo S. , Usui R. , Wang H. , Wang S. F. , Wang Y. P. , Wangdui  , Wu H. R. , Wu Q. , Xu J. L. , Xue L. , Yang Z. , Yao Y. Q. , Yin J. , Yokoe Y. , Yu Y. L. , Yuan A. F. , Zhai L. M. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang J. L. , Zhang X. , Zhang X. Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Yi , Zhang Ying , Zhao S. P. , Zhaxisangzhu  , Zhou X. X. , Zou Y. H. , Pogorelov N. V.
Published: April 2024

Cosmic rays do not arrive at the Earth uniformly. Recent experiments have consistently observed small anisotropies with amplitudes of ∼0.2% in the arrival directions of cosmic rays at TeV energies. We perform the modeling of the cosmic-ray anisotropy at TeV energies using the intensity-mapping method based on Liouville’s theorem. This work indicates unrealistically small-scale ansiotropies with <∼10° angular scales in the distribution of the cosmic-ray relative intensity at the outer boundary of the heliosphere. We would possibly need to resolve an issue that the experimental data covers ten years while the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model heliosphere used in this work is only a single snapshot at a certain moment. Performing the intensity-mapping for multiple snapshots of the MHD model heliosphere and taking the average of the results would improve the results of this work.
Disproportionate Clean Air Act violations occur in communities of color throughout the United States
Authors: Kerr Gaige Hunter , Stedman Richard A , Anenberg Susan C
Published: April 2024

The United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act seeks to prevent and abate ambient air pollution, while also providing a framework to identify and address violations. Little research has examined where or how frequently violations of the Clean Air Act occur and how marginalized communities may bear a disproportionate share of these violations, despite the fact that marginalized communities experience persistent, disproportionate pollution levels and associated health impacts. Here, we leverage data on Clean Air Act enforcement and compliance together with demographic data to show that the most serious violations of the Act—high priority violations (HPVs)—predominantly occur in communities of color throughout the U.S. Specifically, we find that the number of facilities with an HPV within communities with the largest proportion of people of color is nearly two times greater than in communities with the smallest proportion. Only 6% of facilities with an HPV address their violations within the timeframe mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and a larger share of facilities with an HPV in disadvantaged communities do not address their violations within this timeframe compared to facilities with an HPV in non-disadvantaged communities. Enforcing agencies should improve how violations are communicated and addressed. To this end, we suggest several ways to empower individuals and communities with easy-to-access data related to Clean Air Act violations and that enforcement practices and reporting be standardized across enforcing agencies.
Activating information backflow with the assistance of quantum SWITCH
Authors: Maity Ananda G , Bhattacharya Samyadeb
Published: April 2024

There are certain dynamics while being non-Markovian, do never exhibit information backflow. We show that if two such dynamical maps are considered in a scenario where the order of application of these two dynamical maps are not definite, the effective channel can manifest information backflow. In particular, we use quantum SWITCH to activate such a channel. In contrast, activation of those channels are not possible even if one uses many copies of such channels in series or in parallel action. We then investigate the dynamics behind the quantum SWITCH experiment and find out that after the action of quantum SWITCH both the CP (Complete Positive)- divisiblity and P (Positive)- divisibility of the channel breaks down, along with the activation of information backflow. Our study elucidate the advantage of quantum SWITCH by investigating its dynamical behaviour.
Development of Rainwater Filtration System with Porous Asphalt
Authors: Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma , Putrilia Irsantya Lamara
Published: April 2024

Rainwater that is not properly collected causes stagnant water, where the water will be polluted by pollutants and contaminants. Thus, it is necessary to innovate to increase the availability of clean water using porous asphalt which is researched to reduce pollutants in polluted water. In this study, filtration of rainwater and stormwater runoff will be carried out using porous asphalt as a filter media with six different filtrate variations. Parameters analysed were pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and conductivity. The tests carried out were Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) testing using the Marshall test method with a percentage of asphalt content used was 4-6%, Cantabro Loss testing, porosity, and permeability tests on porous asphalt specimens, as well as testing the filtration effect of porous asphalt. Rainwater and stormwater runoff that flowed through porous asphalt samples without the addition of filter media increased pH, TDS, and conductivity. In rainwater and stormwater runoff filtration, the highest increase in pH occurred in variation 3, namely porous asphalt + aggregate + limestone. The largest reduction in TDS and conductivity values occurred in Variation 7, namely porous asphalt + aggregate + coconut shell activated carbon + sponge + cotton.
The Usage of Additives on Porous Asphalt
Authors: Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma , Anjani Nadhila Nurul
Published: April 2024

Roads are an important infrastructure component, but often face problems such as changes in temperature, humidity, and standing water. To overcome this problem, a layer of porous asphalt which has air voids to reduce standing water on the road surface can be a solution. However, although porous asphalt has water-related benefits, its structure is less durable and requires increased resistance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of adding additives on the strength, permeability, and porosity of porous asphalt. Three types of additives studied were crumb rubber (CR), nano silica (NS), and Wetbond-SP. Several laboratory tests were conducted on the prepared specimens, namely the Marshall, Cantabro Loss, and permeability tests. The results showed that adding NS onto the specimen was able to increase the stability value of porous asphalt, while the addition of CR and Wetbond-SP had no significant effect on the stability parameter. However, the addition of Wetbond-SP improved the adhesion between the aggregate and asphalt, resulting in a denser mixture. The three additives also increased moisture resistance and cohesion loss in the mixture, as indicated by a decrease in Cantabro Loss (CL) percentage. Additives also impact the permeability and porosity values, where adding more additives in the mixture will reduce the permeability and porosity values. Based on the results of the study, the optimum concentration of CR added was 1% of the total weight of the mixture, NS was 4% of the weight of asphalt content, and Wetbond-SP was 0.4% of the weight of asphalt content.
Analysis of type X bracing on irregular building structure
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Andryan
Published: April 2024

An irregular structure refers to buildings or other structures that deviate from standard design principles and geometric shapes. Based on previous studies, one of the factors that causes failure of an irregular structure is the asymmetrical shape, which causes uneven load distribution in the structure. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate an irregular-structure building and bracing type X on this structure. The evaluated parameters were the period, modal participating mass ratio, base shear, story drift, and DCR. The modelling process was performed using ETABS, an element-based structural modelling software. The results indicate that failure occurred in the structure under the existing conditions in terms of the modal participating mass ratio, story drift, and DCR. The model with bracing type X indicates a reduction in the period and rotation Z (RZ) of the participating mass. The story drift on the model with bracing type X also indicates a significant reduction; however, in model 1,3, and 5, the story drift value did not meet the story drift requirement. The DCR values of the column and beam in the model with bracing type X also indicate a reduction; however, there are some elements in the structure that do not meet the requirements of model 1,3, and 5. Bracing placement at the corner of the structure has a more significant effect on the structure.
Design of the Mobile Application to Reduce the Carbon Track
Authors: Heripracoyo Sulistyo , Imawan Fathan Zidni , Adikusumo Leonardus Williem
Published: April 2024

Climate change is impacted by global warming. As a result of climate change, some local weather patterns are gradually altering. Climate change and carbon emissions are inextricably linked and contribute to a number of phenomena, including the melting of ice at the north and south poles due to rising global temperatures. The danger of dying increases with temperature. By developing and constructing a mobile application, this study aims to promote environmental restoration efforts by providing carbon compensation, which is a carbon emissions trading system. The developed mobile application tracks carbon offsets. Users’ comments are gathered through surveys, and design and prototype are done using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Users of mobile apps can lessen their impact on the environment, ameliorate climatic calamities, or even survive them. As a result of this application, you can lower your carbon footprint and increase your environmental consciousness by using mobile applications.
Utilizing hammer tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity to ascertain the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Rahardhani Audry Farrel Shang , Suhardjo Gabriellela Aprilyanthi
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in an existing building using non-destructive testing methods, specifically the hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The hammer test employed two types of tools, type N, which reads the rebound number (R), and another type that reads the rebound coefficient (Q) value. In the study, 40 column samples were tested, revealing concrete quality measurements of 30.5 MPa and 27.8 MPa obtained from hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q), respectively. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic pulse velocity reading was 3288 m/s. The data from the hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q) were correlated with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity, resulting in a linear regression formula of f’c = 0.0137x - 17.12 and f’c = 0.0099x - 2.1973, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test type N and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.64, while the coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test Q value and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.70. The research predicted that the model for determining the quality of concrete by correlating the hammer test Q value with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was better than using hammer test type N.
Lane Reduction and Queue Length Relationship on Arterial and Collector Roads
Authors: Prahara Eduardi , Arsyad Rio Dandy
Published: April 2024

Geometric diversity of roads for an example is the narrowing of road segments. The purpose of this research is to determine whether lane reduction leads to significant queue lengths, observe the behaviour of drivers on those road segments, and compare the actual queue length to the queue length generated by PTV Vissim. The data used in this study consists of direct observations during peak hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening, along with simulations using PTV Vissim. The queue results obtained from PTV Vissim were validated using two types of tests. The research findings indicate a significant relationship between queue length and lane reduction during peak hours on workdays. However, during the evening peak hours on weekends, the queue length is not significantly affected by lane reduction. As a potential solution, widening each road segment in PTV Vissim was tested, which increased road capacity and slightly reduced the queues that occurred.
Enhancing Sustainable Public Library: Spatial Relationship Implementation to Foster Optimal Social Interaction
Authors: Calista V , Suharjanto G
Published: April 2024

The public library holds great potential as a community space for people to gather, learn, and socialize outside of their homes and workplaces. However, it’s unfortunate that many libraries have not been able to fully embrace their communities, leading to a decline in involvement and interest. This lack of engagement can lead to decreased interest in reading, less involvement from middle-class individuals, and other challenges. To address this issue, spatial organization and social interaction can be used to create a more inclusive and welcoming environment. Through a quantitative study using contingency analysis to find the relationship between social interaction and spatial relationship, eight relationships are found to be applied in libraries.
Comparison of Conventional and Precast Half Slab Work Methods (Case Study: Japfa Office Building Daan – Mogot)
Authors: Arumsari Putri , Palagian Brilliant
Published: April 2024

In the construction of vertical buildings, the implementation method used affects the productivity of construction. The development of construction system innovation in Indonesia which continues to grow has led to a new system, one of which is the precast system. Precast systems have been proven to be able to increase productivity in terms of construction time and costs, as well as the value of waste costs, which results in little from conventional methods. The main objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the method of implementing floor slabs in the field by comparing the variables of field implementation, costs, time, quality control, and material waste costs of the conventional and precast half - slab methods. The analysis was carried out using the unit price is based on the Jakarta Worker’s Wage Unit Price 40 year XXVII - 2021 edition. The index coefficient (conventional) refers to the Minister for Public Works and Human Settlements Regulation No. 1 of 2022, and the index coefficient (precast half slab) refers to SNI 7832:2012. Scheduling was performed using Microsoft Projects. The results show that the precast half - slab method is more efficient than the conventional method.
Analysis Study of Large Diameter Bored Pile Bearing Capacity
Authors: Suhendra Andryan , Winata Timothy Julian
Published: April 2024

Installing bored pile foundations requires a lot of money. This research was conducted to determine the efficiency of using large diameter single piles or small diameter group. The soil data used is soil data for the B Residence Grogol project. For the results of the analysis of the bearing capacity, the highest ultimate bearing capacity is in group piles with 4 piles with a diameter of 100 cm of 3818.75 tons and 4752.81 tons, while for a single pile is a diameter of 400 cm of 7762 .72 tons and 9518.47 tons in borehole 1 and borehole 2 using the ALLPile program. For settlement analysis results, the smallest settlement value is in group piles with 4 piles with a diameter of 100 cm of 3.46 mm and 3.66 mm, while for single pile is a diameter of 400 cm of 2.04 mm and 1.57 mm in borehole 1 and borehole 2 using the ALLPile program. The results of the analysis using the PLAXIS 3D program have the most accurate values because the soil parameters used have been validated with the original soil conditions. Thus, the results of the analysis using the PLAXIS 3D program will be used as a reference in calculating the settlement.
Comparison of Retro Marketing in the Heritage building case studies: M Bloc Space and the Pos Bloc Space in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ardiani Yanita Mila , Rasjid Zulfany Erlisa , Supramaniam Sivakumari
Published: April 2024

The renovation of historic buildings in Jakarta now has a new approach by including youth programs. In the Post Bloc building, the central concept is that young people still remember the presence of the Post office. In the former Peruri official residence building, the Blok M area where the M Bloc space building is located can add to the lives of young people. A marketing business approach is also included so businesses that occupy this historic building can sell well. Namely the retro marketing approach. This paper will discuss two retro marketing approaches for these new youth places, M-Bloc Space and Pos Bloc in Jakarta. The Data is collected by surveying and interviewing; they draw and digitalize it to analyze both buildings well. The Research Methodology used is Qualitative, with case studies comparison. This paper aims to know the retro Marketing ideal in heritage buildings to make Adaptive reuse inside sustainable. In conclusion, this paper is expected to be useful for other cities to revive historical areas and facilities in their cities with a business approach imitating the success of M Bloc Space and Pos Bloc Space.
Apartment with Biophilic Architecture Approach in West Jakarta
Authors: Tiwagar  , Prawata AG
Published: April 2024

Nature’s exposure to humans is decreasing, especially for apartment dwellers who can only access nature on the ground floor as a garden function and more often stay indoors. Reduced exposure to nature has an impact on individual physiology and psychology. Thus, using a biophilic architectural approach can bring nature closer to occupants on vertical housing. The purpose of this study is to determine the aspects and attributes on the application of biophilic architecture concept in apartment. Method applied on research was a qualitative method. The analysis was carried out by collecting examples of the application on each biophilic aspect and analysed in terms of position, location, and spatial characteristics. The implementation of biophilic aspects in apartment buildings relies heavily on visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli. All aspects also have a close relationship with the outdoor environment and make use of vegetation, water features, natural light, natural materials/colours, and architectural designs in order to implement biophilic concept.
A sustainable blue economy: blockchain and internet of things integration in tourism villages
Authors: Sarjana Sri , Claudia Sindy Allaam , Ramadhina Assyifa Tasma , Suyanti Lilis
Published: April 2024

Coastal areas have a wealth of marine and river fisheries resources that have great potential to be developed. This potential is utilized by various parties to make utilization efforts including fishing activities; conservation; ports; and marine cultivation; and coastal and aquatic tourism. Problems that currently occur in coastal areas include: (a) illegal fishing, (b) damage to ecosystems in coastal and marine areas, (c) not optimal utilization, (d) unsustainable development, (e) leakage of development due to corruption and injustice. The research methodology used is descriptive and qualitative research with framework analysis, which means framework analysis techniques. This analysis technique is carried out by conceptualizing the system through a structure that describes the connection between one variable and another in a systematic and detailed manner. The findings of this study provide innovative solutions for the application of financial and marketing technology through blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) can increase the productivity of fishermen, internal control, financial transactions, and reliable marketing strategies in helping business entities run their business processes. The management of regional potential independently and integrated can be collaborated through community empowerment and the role of village government through village-owned enterprises (BUMD) based on Sharia cooperatives in villages in coastal areas of Indonesia. So that the productivity of fishermen and government agencies in tourist villages can increase.
Analysis of the tidal wave occurrence on port project duration using crash and track method (case study: Sanur Port, Bali, Indonesia)
Authors: Carottama Ramadhanu Lawa , Juliastuti  , Fajar Mohamad
Published: April 2024

One of the main risks that can influence the duration of port projects is the tidal waves. Tidal waves can disrupt the work and cause delays. This study analyzes when a tidal wave occurs and how much it affects the delay in the Sanur Port Project. Based on these results, several scenarios of duration acceleration were carried out using the crashing and fast track methods. The results showed that the planned duration was 819 days, whereas due to the tidal wave, the project duration increased from 98 to 917 days. The first acceleration scenario, using the crashing method with 2 h of overtime, resulted in a new duration of 783 days or 36 days faster than the planned duration. The second acceleration scenario with the fast-track method resulted in 770 or 49 days faster than the planned duration.
Accelerating the middle – rise building construction duration using BIM 4D, a case study in central Jakarta
Authors: Moeisra Diva Aditya , Juliastuti  , Insyira Andiensa Hana , Haripriambodo Tjatur
Published: April 2024

Construction planning involves scheduling and sequencing of project activities for proper execution. Research was conducted to obtain and enhance construction project scheduling, which was good and in accordance with the targets achieved. The results of the project performance analysis in the 9th month using the Earned Value Method resulted in SPI <1 and SV <0, indicating that the project experienced delays. Scheduling using the PDM based on the actual duration of the project shows that the project will be completed in 511 days. The project duration can be accelerated to 429 days by combining overlap and overtime methods. The scheduling results were simulated using BIM 4D to generate a visualization of the scheduling to improve the project monitoring process.