bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Deep Learning Architectures for Super Resolution
Authors: Nair Devi Parvathy , John Ann Maria , Varshini E R Amrita , Arunima D , Gopakumar G
Published: June 2021

Super resolution (SR) being one of the computer vision tasks with increasing applications in modern scenarios, several challenging factors are still prominent despite the numerous breakthroughs achieved in this field in recent years. Introduction of deep convolutional neural networks has brought a booming development to the existing SR techniques tackling many unsolved challenges. As an attempt to perform a relative analysis between currently used methods, this paper explores and establish the capability of Enhanced and Wide super resolution networks. These models are encompassed with improved residual networks with an aim to achieve a higher accuracy with reduced memory usage. The models trained with DIV2K dataset are evaluated using the T91 dataset and found to be showcasing a reliable performance in comparison with other cutting-edge methods devised for super resolution.
Assessment & Alternatives for SSR in a Series Capacitor Wind Farm Employing TCSC
Authors: Patil Vaishali S. , Thakre Mohan P.
Published: June 2021

Wind energy systems are going to build their footprint in the electricity grid around the world as one of the most viable renewable and environmentally friendly sources of energy. Keeping this scenario in mind and predicting further growth in installations, power systems should be prepared for the assimilation of such large wind farms. Almost every system has been outfitted with electricity compensation processes to enhance a sustainable transfer of electricity generation.

This would have the possibility to trigger SSR difficulties in a variety of power grid circumstances. An analysis and SSR solutions will be discussed and recommendations. SSR inhibition is accomplished via the TCSC that also aids in increasing the transmitting station’s power flow. So if coupled to closed-loop control loops, TCSC dampens SSO. Efficacy is evaluated using SIMULINK studies in the MATLAB environment to results demonstrate the effectiveness of TCSC throughout the SSR damping process.
Classification of COVID 19 in Chest CT Images using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Manikandan T , Alfy T Jabin , Sherin S , Aadhithya V , Senthil Kumar T.K
Published: June 2021

The single-celled organisms called a virus are the root cause of many harmful diseases that affects both animals and humans. Coronavirus is one type of virus that is usually found in animals but if transmitted to humans can cause a wide range of respiratory diseases. One such disease caused is the COVID-19 diseases which caused a worldwide epidemic since its origin in 2019. The disease which is said to have originated in China had caused more than 252000 deaths worldwide in a few months. The test for the COVID-19 involves analysing the throat swab sample which may take days if not a week and by the time the results come the infection would have spread. Hence there is a need to improve the testing procedure for COVID-19. In this paper, we have come up with an automated Image Analysis technique to diagnose COVID-19 using the chest Computed Tomography images of the chest that uses a Convolutional Neural Network. This developed method has shown very good accuracy and efficiency in recognizing the COVID-19 infected CT images.
Non – Clinical Pain Assessment System – A Pilot Study
Authors: Krishnan Chetana , Sandhyavarshini R , Jeyakumar Vijay
Published: June 2021

The term ‘Pain’ refers to the sensory response of the body when the reflex tolerance level of the person exceeds the threshold value. Though most of the pain senses are tolerable, it still disturbs the normal anatomical actions of the body, classifying it as tolerable and intolerable pain. Various techniques have evolved in the past few years to quantify pain; however, they are successful only in subjective determination thus leading to inaccuracy in prediction. The proposed paper discusses a few objective methods to quantify non – clinical pain. FLIR spectroscopic images can recognize inflammation and high-temperature points in a given region. Upon using various mechanical algorithms, accurate pain values can be determined. Similarly, by solving the pain-causing equation, we can derive the pain peak values. These methods can replace the conventional scales and help in subsidiary pain assessment.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Multimodal Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Bagadi Kesava Rao
Published: June 2021

Emotion recognition is critical in dealing with everyday interpersonal human interactions. Understanding a person’s emotions through his speech can do wonders for shaping social interactions. Because of the rapid development of social media, single-modal emotion recognition is finding it difficult to meet the demands of the current emotional recognition system. A multimodal emotion recognition model from speech and text was proposed in this paper to optimize the performance of the emotion recognition system. This paper, explore the comprehensive analysis of speech emotion recognition using text and audio. The results show that enhancement of accuracy compared to either audio or text. Here, results were obtained using the deep learning model I.e. LSTM. The experiment analysis is done for RAVDESS and SAVEE datasets. This implementation is done by python programming.
Face Spoof Detection Using VGG-Face Architecture
Authors: Balamurali K , Chandru S , Razvi Muhammed Sohail , Sathiesh Kumar V.
Published: June 2021

Face recognition systems have been obtaining substantial importance in modern world. Security systems are major application of face recognition system. However, the potential of the face recognition system to withstand the attack of an unauthorized person is an important concern. Face recognition systems are vulnerable to photographs and video spoof attacks. In these scenarios, anti-spoofing systems comes in handy to evade these attacks. Robust solutions are required for face recognition system to be immune against spoofing attacks. In this paper, the detected face is denoised and then converted to YCbCr and CIELUV colour model and then passed through VGG-Face architecture for extraction of face embeddings of each colour space. Then the extracted face embeddings are concatenated and then passed through SVC (Support Vector Classifier) which then classifies real and spoof faces. The proposed method has obtained a test accuracy of 99.6% with specificity of 99.5% for spoof detection.
Mitigation of black hole attack in MANETs: A sequence no-based approach
Authors: Maheshavel L. , Senthilkumar C.
Published: June 2021

MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc network) is type of network which is comprised of moveableness vertices which are connected to form a wireless network. The connected vertices can move very freely as there is no fixed infrastructure for the network. Black hole attack is a DOS attack where one of the vertices in the network is mischievous which tries to capture all the datagrams passing through it by sending a false reply to the origin vertex. In this paper an improvement is made to the existing AODV protocol to mitigate the black hole attack in Manets. The proposed method finds the mischievous vertex and avoids the delivery route through the mischievous vertex. The simulations were experimented in ns2 and the observations prove that the implemented approach works well for various performance metrices like Packet delivery ratio, End to End delay and throughput.
Razor flip-flop based Detector/Corrector System for Correcting Timing violations in Digital Circuits
Authors: Hema Chitra S , Vaidhehi R , Mohandass S
Published: June 2021

In a flip flop, the difference in time between transitions of data input and the active edge of the clock is called its setup time. If the data input changes during this time window, the storage will not be correct. This is called setup time violation. Hold time is the minimum time during which data must be stable after the active edge of the clock. Hold time violation will cause incorrect data storage. The objective of the paper is to design an efficient Detector/Corrector system that monitors and corrects any setup/hold time violations. A Razor flipflop based Detector circuit is proposed in this paper. The Detector block compares data and clock to produce an error signal which in turn makes the Corrector block to correct the clock that assures the desired setup/hold time. The system avoids the setup/hold time violations by simply inverting the clock signal timing. The system is tested using the following digital circuits: ISCAS89 S27 benchmark circuit and a 2×1 multiplexer. Simulation is done using Cadence Virtuoso with 180nm technology. The results are analyzed with existing and proposed detector/corrector systems. The results show that the proposed detector/corrector system is capable of correcting both the setup/hold time violations and also has lesser power consumption when compared with the existing system.
Secure E-Health using Images Steganography
Authors: Manikandan T , Muruganandham A , Babuji R , Nandalal V , Mazher Iqbal JL
Published: June 2021

The main aim is to secure the medical records by ensuring safe communication between the sender and the receiver by adding multiple layers of security. This project is a combined approach of both encryption and steganography to give security the utmost importance. In the sender, only the authorized person can send the secret image to the receiver. In the first stage, an image steganography system is processed using confidential medical X-ray images which are hidden under the cover images. The encryption method used is based on Random Number Generator and the pixel indicator, in other words, by moving the position of the pixel in the image to encrypt the image on the transmitting side. Whereas on the receiver side, this project proposes a method to authenticate the receiver by incorporating Email Authentication and OTP Verification to decrypt the encrypted image.
BDoor App-Blood Donation Application using Android Studio
Authors: Periyanayagi S , Manikandan A , Muthukrishnan M , Ramakrishnan M
Published: June 2021

In fashionable days folks ought to create use of the trendy technologies to seek out growth altogether sectors. During this sense, Blood, donation apps are the new hopes for the folks in The Asian nation for blood property. Nowadays, several blood apps are accessible in Asian nation however their utilization is extremely poor owing to some disadvantages. One such serious disadvantage is privacy and safety. Donor Contacts may be simply accessed by everybody. It causes several issues to the top user. All apps that are accessible within the play store focuses the property between the donors and therefore, the recipient at fewer intervals. The B-Door app was created to protect the donor’s privacy and donor identity, as well as the recipient’s safety, using the J48 decision tree algorithm. The proposed solution attempts to provide support for both emergencies and reserved time things. The core plan of the applying is to link blood banks, donors with recipients through a licensed hospital, NGO’s and alternative establishments to avoid misuse. This Application was developed through Android Studio and Flutter UI Framework together with base at backside and provides our result on Real time basis.
Infant Action Database: A Benchmark for Infant Action Recognition in Uncontrolled condition
Authors: Balasathiya S Sujitha , Roomi S Mohamed Mansoor , Sathyabama B
Published: June 2021

The main focus of our work is to create a database for action recognition of unattended infants in uncontrolled environment with wide variations in surroundings, lighting, interactions with objects, camera motions, etc., Action recognition of infants is emerging as an important and technically challenging computer vision problem as compared with adult action recognition because of their physical appearance. Most of the previous action recognition techniques have focused on the recognition of action captured under a controlled environment in a standard laboratory setting. In this study a novel database is introduced that can be used as a benchmark for surveillance parenting. This database involves nine normal and nine abnormal actions classes which consist of actions and movements of infants occurring in fairly uncontrolled conditions. This database consists of realistic user-uploaded videos which are recorded in the clustered background and different camera motion. After the collection of all videos, they are manually trimmed to form a database. To further evaluate the performance of the database, HOG features were extracted from database set and trained by different Machine Learning classifiers like Multi-class Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Ensemble classifier, Discriminant analysis and Decision tree classifiers. This experimentation shows that the database is complex and robust that can serve as a base for testing action recognition algorithms.
Fabric Woven Textile Antenna for Medical Applications
Authors: Sugunavathy S , Sudha V K , Parthiban D.
Published: June 2021

Wearable Technologies are key driving forces in transforming conventional Health care systems to an unprecedented prototype of Connected Health (CH) Care systems. In these Connected Health Care systems, the role of wearable antennas cannot be overlooked. For designing reliable wearable systems, antenna should be of low profile, compact in size, lighter in weight, conformal and flexible to fasten it on Patient’s attire. As a contribute approach, this paper aims at proposal of microstrip patch antenna that resonates at ISM band of 2.4GHz. The proposed antenna is built on Rubber substrate with Polyester (Ground plane) as a conducting fabric driven by a microstrip line feeding structure. Improvement in antenna performance could be achieved by using Defected Ground Structure (DGS) polyester ground. Performance characteristics such as Directivity, Gain, VSWR and Radiation Pattern are measured. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value for Human Phantom model was calculated by on Body Simulation. The antennas and the human body tissue effects is observed in CST tool.
Detecting Subacute Thyroiditis after COVID-19 infection using Deep Learning Techniques – A Case Study
Authors: Abdullah A Sheik , Suganya R , Abirami A M , Bhubesh K R A
Published: June 2021

The act of Subacute Thyroiditis (ST) is considered to be a challenge in medical informatics which severely affects half of everybody. It plans the thyroid knobs of high-goal thyroid ultrasound. The mechanism formulates the C cells in the Thyroid gland, which makes a hormone that helps control the levels of calcium in the body which gets affected after COVID-19. Hundreds of research teams have been working in recent days to collect data and apply computational techniques to analyze and interpret the experimental results in COVID-19. Still, only a few researched the impact of Thyroid due to COVID-19. In the proposed architecture, we introduced CNN with GapNET-PL and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to improve the overall mechanism and also utilize the significant features from the Pooling layer. We collected real-time ultrasound thyroid image dataset consists of 19 images from COVID-19 infected patients for preparing and approval of the proposed model. The significance of this work is to gauge the relationship between’s contamination with COVID 19 and the improvement of ST utilizing AI procedures. The trial results show that the assessment of thyroid datasets with the proposed approach has given 89% of accuracy with improvement in P-value <0.001. The training parameters provided valid results with improvisation in statistical performance. Thereby this research can support doctors in the domain of imaging analytics with the aid of AI-systems in reasoning COVID-19 diseases related to Subacute Thyroiditis. Hence this can be strongly recommended for the validation of medical data and its risk factors that contribute towards the disease.
Face Detection in Blurred Surveillance Videos for Crime Investigation
Authors: Menaka K. , Yogameena B.
Published: June 2021

Face detection itself acts as a significant problem in low-resolution surveillance video, primarily due to out-of-focus blur. Real-time and forensic analysis for Law enforcement desires superior face recognition system for person identification in surveillance applications. However, face detection influences face recognition in critical situations. If faces on the blacklist are not detected, recognition fails, which increases the burden and is a tremendous challenge for police authority. This motivates us to present the deblurring algorithm to improve the face detection rate and reduce the false-positive rate. Hence, this paper focuses on removing blur by applying a blind deconvolution algorithm, suppressing the ringing artifact in surveillance video by adopting Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Finally, after this preliminary work, faces are detected by Yolo v2. The proposed framework works well in the sparsely crowded scenario and improves face detection rate compared to the Lucy-Richardson-Yolo v2 framework, which suffers from the problem mentioned earlier. Experiments and evaluations on the surveillance dataset show that the proposed blind deconvolution with ringing suppression-based solution outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in detecting both frontal and profile faces.
Detection of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal by Feature based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Uma Maheswari P. , Banumathi A. , Priya K.
Published: June 2021

For pre-diagnostic surgical process in dental implantology, detection of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal (IAC) in dental images is highly essential to avoid surgical complications and injury. In this paper, a feature based machine learning model is developed for the detection of IAC from the mandible regions of dental OPG images. Initially, the soft tissue regions are enhanced by S-CLAHE (Sharpening based Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization). Subsequently, Shape features of the IAC using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and texture features using Local Forward Rajan Transform (LFRT) are extracted. These features are considered as an input for Machine Learning classifier. From the trained results, the feature points of IAC region are detected by polynomial curve fitting approach. The performance of the classification technique is evaluated with existing machine learning classifiers. Adaboost M2 Ensemble classifier achieves the best accuracy of 96% compared to other state of art techniques such as Naïve Bayes, KNN, SVM, and Decision Tree. Therefore, the proposed method has high potential in IAC detection and avoids complexities in dental implant surgery.
Identification of Melanoma from Nevus Images
Authors: Bharathi S , Premchand J , Nivedeethaa AS , Kousiya M , Ajay Kumar V
Published: June 2021

Melanoma is one of the fatal type skin cancers. The mortality rate is more severe than the present skin related diseases. Humans are prone to various diseases and are easily infected by them due to their adaptive and constrained lifestyle and melanoma is not an exception. Melanoma spreads faster and is less responsive to treatment in its later stages. Thus, harnessing the disease rate becomes more enigmatic and initial diagnosis is the need. Melanoma and nevus are akin and show analogous symptoms and traits. In order to overcome this, we use the technique of image processing to segregate Melanoma and nevus. The input image is processed in such way that the noise in the image (skin lesion) is removed using median filter and is segmented using improved K-means clustering. From the lesion necessary textural and chromatic features are extracted and a unique feature vector is formulated. Melanoma and Nevus are segregated using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference System (ANFIS) and Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The skin images from DERMIS dataset is used in this work and it has 1023 skin images including 104 melanoma and 917 nevus images. Our proposed methodology provides efficient results having 97.3% and 96.8% accuracy for ANFIS and FFNN classifiers.
Smart Irrigation System in Agriculture
Authors: Vimal S P , Sathish Kumar N , Kasiselvanathan M , Gurumoorthy K B
Published: June 2021

The most difficult task in agriculture is watering the fields. The different types of watering system are drip system, nozzles type, tube method and sprinkler system. This paper focus about the drip system. The work specifies the moisture level sensing of the crops and supply the require water when needed. The components included in this work are ATmega 328 Microcontroller, GSM Module, Humidity sensor and soil moisture sensor. A prototype has been developed to protect the plants or crops more self sufficient from watering and sunlight. The model reports the status of current condition and also reminds the need of water through GSM module. The prototype model is a loop closed control system is designed to continuously monitor the humidity, temperature, soil moisture level and controlling the irrigation systems from the output of the pumping unit.
Air Pollution Hotspot Detection and Identification of Their Source Trajectory
Authors: Gurumoorthy K B , Vimal S P , Sathish Kumar N , Kasiselvanathan M
Published: June 2021

Millions of deaths everywhere the planet, thanks to anthropogenesis fine material (or PM2.5) is principally caused thanks to outside pollution. Coimbatore may be a centre of textile and cotton trade, producing, poultry farming, education, info technology and health care and it’s the second largest town once Chennai within the state of state. Thus, this paper predicts the accumulation of PM2.5 from wind (velocity and direction) and precipitation levels. It imbibes a machine learning (ML) algorithm supported six years of earth science and pollution information inferences. At present, pollution may be a world downside. Republic of India is additionally an enormous sufferer of this downside. Thus, it’s necessary to spot the recent spots of pollutants and their transport specifically carbon monoxide gas (CO), sulphur-dioxide (SO2) and oxides of element (NO+NO2) victimization advanced information analysis techniques. Challenges concerned during this current statement is mining the datasets from completely different parameters and providing the ultimate output with moderate abstraction resolution on pollution info. Therefore, the study illustrates that the employment of applied mathematics models supported the ML algorithm is most relevant to predict PM2.5 accumulation from earth science information.
Fabrication and characterization of composite dental material using X-ray radiography
Authors: Sutikno  , Ayu D N L , Susilo
Published: June 2021

Acrylic resin is a material that often used in the manufacture of dentures. Composite dental base materials consist of acrylic and glass powder. The addition of glass powder aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties. The increases in the mass fractions of glass powder in composite dental were optimized between 12.5% - 75% and added 2 ml of liquid for each sample. The composite dental surface is characterized using x-ray radiography, CCD microscopy, and the hardness is characterized using Vickers hardness tester, and the density is also measured. The result shows a mass fraction of 75% was the optimum condition with a radiographic gray level image of 196.814 at a voltage of 50 kV and a current of 16 mA, hardness of 26.7 g/mm2, density of 2.28 g/mm3 and greater mass fraction of glass powder, the surface of the composite dental look tighter and lighter in color.
Optical properties of zinc oxide thin film fabricated by spraying deposition method
Authors: Sulhadi  , Muqoyyanah  , Darsono T , Wahyuni S , Sugianto  , Marwoto P
Published: June 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material which commonly used for optoelectronic devices due to its several advantages. Various ZnO thin film synthesis or fabrication method have widely developed to produce the desired material with excellent properties, such as low resistivity, high transmittance, and simpler experiment procedures. This work focused on the utilization of spraying deposition as a new method to fabricate ZnO thin film. Based on UV-Vis measurement, all of the fabricated ZnO thin films presented high transmittance over 80%. In addition, the optimum spraying distance was found to be 20 cm which resulted transmittance and Eg
value of 98.6% and 3.95 eV, respectively. This method presented a lower cost and simpler method to fabricate ZnO thin film.
Analysis of PWM- and MPPT-solar charge controller efficiency by simulation
Authors: Fianti  , Perdana AY , Astuti B , Akhlis I
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is a tropical country having high potential of solar energy. In contrary, solar irradiation is varied due to obstruction of the sun by clouds, the difference of intensity of the sun all day, the occurrence of clouds during the rainy season, and the presence of fog in certain areas making it irradiation rate of solar light thus causing the solar cell output power to be varied and not optimum. Therefore, control device is needed to stabilize output power from solar cell, called solar charge controller. This study aims were to measure its efficiency values and compare two type of SCC, i.e. PWM and MPPT. Solar cell voltage and current were obtained by measuring those parameters manually from solar panel on the field and analysed by MATLAB. The data showed that power value, voltage, and influx produced by MPPT were 6.23 W, 12.39 V, 4.9 A and PWM were 6.04 W, 12.16 V, 4.8 A. Average efficiency value of PWM was 172% and MPPT was 177%. Data analysis revealed that MPPT have superiority accorded to its power value, voltage, and influx compared to PWM. By this, MPPT was preference application onto solar harvesting system.
Optical properties of a low-temperature bioactive glass powders
Authors: Nurbaiti U , Rahmawati I , Radandima A , Dewi A K , Yulianto A , Sumpono I , Astuti B
Published: June 2021

The bioactive glass powders have been synthesis by sol-gel method at low temperature. The silica used as the starting material in this study is silica purified from natural sand with mass variations for amorphous silica and phase variations (Quartz, amorphous). Analysis of the FTIR curves in samples BA1, BA2, BA3 and BQ showed that a lot of group bonds on Bioactive Glass had been formed for all samples. There are Si-O symmetric stretching functional groups (823-825 cm−1), Si-O-Si symmetric stretching functional groups (1047-1050 cm−1), PO4 functional groups (579-606 cm−1), as well as OH symmetry and asymmetry functional groups (3414-3435 cm−1). Meanwhile, the UV-Vis curve reveals the absorption of ultraviolet wavelengths in the range of 230-300 nm for all samples. Although the trend of sample density (BA1, BA2 and BA3) with the SiO2-amorphous starting material was indicated to decrease with the increase in mass, respectively 0.555 gram/cm3, 0.553 gram/cm3 and 0.543 gram/cm3, the highest density was achieved by the BQ sample of 0.563 gram/cm3. This density value is still higher than the density of bone tissue so that further synthesis is needed by adding an amorphous SiO2 starting material.
Implementation of creative physics experiment on the creativity of students’ ability
Authors: Sugita M I , Hartono  , Sutikno
Published: June 2021

Creativity is the result of a creative thought, therefore the education system that is applied to the school environment should be able to build, awaken, and stimulate logical and creative thinking towards the reasoning of students. One of the ways taken is by focusing, intensifying, and directing the development of students’ abilities in solving problems or creating a work, project or product in classroom learning activities in the form of implementation of creative physics experiments through assigning tasks (Task Based Learning). The research aims were: 1. To find out the creativity of students in learning physics towards the implementation of creative Physics experiments. 2. To find out the implementation of the Task Based Learning model through creative Physics experiments on the student’s creativity. This research uses the Mix Method in the form of Sequential Explanatory design that emphasizes quantitative data as the main data, and qualitative data as supporting data. The results of the study of student’s creativity based on the achievement of indicators of creativity that was equal to ≥70% and the creativity of students based on work groups have high creativity that can be seen that has a value of ≥70%. As for the results of implementing task-based learning, it was found that it was very good. Based on these data it was concluded that the results of students’ creativity research when implementing Task Based Learning in the form of creative Physics experiments was said to be good.
The Atwood machine experiment assisted by smartphone acceleration sensor for enhancing classical mechanics experiments
Authors: Listiaji P , Darmawan M S , Dahnuss D
Published: June 2021

Newton’s second law can be demonstrated by classical mechanical experiments, one of which is using the Atwood machine. Atwood machines consist of two weights suspended by a rope and connected by a pulley. In this study, an Atwood machine experiment was carried out, where the smartphone was placed on one of the loads, so that the vertical acceleration of the motion system could be measured easily using an acceleration sensor. We also consider the effect of pulley rotation which is usually missed from previous studies. By deriving the second law equation of Newton on rotational and translational motion, we can get the relationship between the system acceleration and the gravitational acceleration of the earth. The results of the earth’s gravitational acceleration obtained, compared with the results of the experiment using a stopwatch (conventional method), and with the value of the standard earth gravitational acceleration at that place. Earth’s gravitational acceleration from the experiment using a smartphone is closer to the standard earth gravitational acceleration value than using a stopwatch. So, in this experiment, the use of a smartphone acceleration sensor contributes to enhance a conventional demonstration of classical mechanics experiments.
Characterization of Mach Zehnder interferometer plastic optical fiber for intensity-based temperature sensor
Authors: Yulianti Ian , Putra N M Dharma , Fianti  , Rumiana H , Latif Z A F , Kurniansyah K E , Maimanah S
Published: June 2021

This paper presents characterization of optical temperature sensor using step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF) in intrinsic Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The MZI was developed by forming two tapers at several distance. By exploiting the wavelength dependency of spectrum intensity, measurement was done by using intensity based measurement at two different wavelengths. Characterizations were done to obtain the sensor performance which were sensitivity and hysteresis. The characterization was carried out by launching white LED to the sensor while the sensor was in temperature controlled-oven. The output spectrum was observed at the other sensor tip using spectrometer at various temperature which are 35°C to 85°C with increment of 10°C. It was found that the sensor has sensitivity and hysteresis of 1×10−3/°C and 1.97×10−2, respectively.
Back scattering method based-plastic optical fiber coupler viscosity sensors
Authors: Suhantoro M , Yulianti Ian
Published: June 2021

Viscosity determination is necessary in variety of applications such as evaluation of environmental pollution, chemical analysis, and as a material quality assessment. Optical fiber-based viscosity sensors are interested since it has various advantages compared to conventional viscosity sensors such as free from electromagnetic interference, compact and could be applied in hazard environment. This study aims to study the performance of back scattering method based viscosity sensor using optical coupler. The sensor design consists of 2×2 plastic optical fiber coupler connected with un-cladded POF as sensor head (sensor A). Characterization was done by connecting 660 nm LED as light source to the one of the coupler branch and an Ocean Optic USB4000 spectrometer to the other branch as light detector. Meanwhile, the sensor head was immersed in glycerin solution. The glycerin solution concentration was varied for various concentration which are 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. Sensor head without the use of optical coupler was fabricated and characterized as comparison (sensor B). The results show that sensor A has a better performance compared to sensor B in terms of linear range. The sensitivity of sensor A is -0.88584 dB/mPa.s at working range of 8.765-57.265 mPa.s with a correlation coefficient of 95.72%.
Development of HATRADI : a four tier test for diagnostic student misconception in heat transfer concept
Authors: Suhendi H Y , Ardiansyah R
Published: June 2021

Heat transfer concept is an abstract concept that creates misconceptions. Misconception is an understanding of a concept that is contrary with theory of scientists, if not immediately diagnosed it will cause a prolonged chain of misunderstandings. Diagnostic tests are one solution to identify these misconceptions. This research aims to develop a multiple choice four-tier test instrument for diagnose and identify student misconceptions on heat transfer concept. The research method used is the R&D research method with a 4D research design. The research was conducted at a school in Bandung with a sample of 60 students who were selected by purposive sampling technique. HATRADI is a diagnostic test item to capture students’ misconceptions on heat transfer concept. The results of the research stated that HATRADI was a valid and reliable instrument with a very high category. So it can be concluded that HATRADI is a four tier test instrument that is feasible to assess and identify student misconceptions on heat transfer concept.
Identification of student difficulties in understanding kinematics: focus of study on the topic of acceleration
Authors: Shodiqin M I , Taqwa M R A
Published: June 2021

To design a quality lecture is necessary to identify the difficulties in understanding the concepts experienced by students. This research was a survey study that aims to identify the difficulties experienced by students in understanding the concept of kinematics, which is focused on the topic of acceleration. Seven reasoned multiple-choice questions were given to 159 physics and physics education students at the State University of Malang to archive this goal. The questions used in this study are presented in various representations, namely mathematical, verbal, pictures, and graphics. Based on the results of the analysis, the average percentage of students who answered correctly was 30.47. It can be concluded that students who understand the concept of kinematics are still low. This research shows that students still have difficulty understanding the concept of acceleration if the questions are presented in various representations.
Review: nanocomposite of bioactive glass/forsterite from raw material sand and egg shell for bone and dental implants
Authors: Radandima A , Arofah S K , Amalia H A R , Nurbaiti U
Published: June 2021

Bioactive glass has high bioactive, osteoconductive, biocompatible, and soluble properties in body fluids, but has low mechanical properties. This material has great potential for medical applications as a matrix in composites with forsterite fillers. The presence of non-toxic forsterite can improve the mechanical properties of bioactive glass. The development of the material (BG/F) using the sol-gel method can produce a nano-scale granule size (∼ 19.6 nm) that corresponds to the size of the body cells. Apart from the size distribution and mechanical properties, the surface that is easy to bond with the bone is very interesting to study as an implant material. This narrative review analyzes the BG/F biocomposite associated with the use of sand and eggshells.
Modification of hydrothermal synthesis using microwave irradiation for ZnO/graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Sugianto  , Rahayu E F
Published: June 2021

Graphene has good physical properties such as electronic, optical and mechanical properties. The unique properties of graphene are interesting to study, especially in the field of electronic devices. Graphene was synthesised with chemical reduction using the Tour method. The oxidation process of graphite into graphene oxide (GO) occurs in a solution with the acidic atmosphere of H2SO4/H3PO4. ZnO/graphene nanocomposite was prepared by modification of hydrothermal synthesis using microwave irradiation. Characterisation of material structures includes SEM-EDX and FTIR. SEM micrograph shows that the morphology of the ZnO/graphene synthesis of oxidising acids H2SO4/H3PO4 9:1 ratio has better performance.
The development of learning media based on Yu-Gi-Oh Physics Smart Card (YOPSA) to increase learning interest of student on the static fluid material
Authors: Daynasti C C , Linuwih S
Published: June 2021

The aims of this study were to produce learning media based on Yu Gi Oh Physics Smart Card (YOPSA) in order to increase students’ interest learning in static fluid material of grade X Vocational High School of 1 Semarang as well as to find out the enhancement of the interest in learning physics of the students who take the part in YOPSA learning media. This study was a Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The results of this research showed that the developed product of Yu Gi Oh Physics-based Smart Card (YOPSA) learning media was suitable to according to the assessment by the expert lecturers and physics, and the average results from students score is 3.77 (very good). Otherwise, the Yu Gi Oh Physics Smart Card (YOPSA) learning media was able to increase students’ interest in learning physics with gain value 0.40 (medium).
A typical oscillating perturbation on protonium
Authors: Lalus H F , Aryani N P
Published: June 2021

Protonium is a type of onium consisting of a proton (p) and an anti-proton (

p
¯

) which is called antiprotonic hydrogen. Since the proton and the anti-particle have the same mass, and each of them is a fermion, the Hamiltonian form of this system consists of the kinetic energy terms of each particle, the potential energy, and the spin interactions of both (hyperfine structure). To simplify the analysis, the Hamiltonian is then converted into a Hamiltonian which contains the relative motion terms of the two particles. This new Hamiltonian contains their reduced mass because the two particles orbit each other towards a certain center of mass. In the initial state, t < 0, the system is in the ground state and then at 0 < t < τ, the system is given a disturbance of the form

V
(
t
)
=
(

V
0

+

V
1

r

sin
θ

e

i
ϕ

)

cos
(
ω
t
)

σ
^

p

.

x
^

, where V
0 is a constant, V
1 is a constant and very small,

σ
^

p

is the Pauli matrix for proton, and

x
^

is the three-dimensional position operator in spherical coordinates. We analyze this system using a time-dependent perturbation theory that begins by defining the initial state, then calculating the transition amplitude for the new state when the perturbation is applied to the system. From the results of this calculation, we compute the system transition probability. We find that the transition probability of this system can only occur for the following quantum number terms, namely n even positive integer, l = 2,S = 1, and with the certain combinations of m and M.
The SCAPS-1D modeling of ZnO/CdS/CdTe thin film: analysis of thickness and stoichiometric fraction of absorber layer on solar cell performance
Authors: Putra N M D , Sugianto  , Marwoto P , Murtafiatin R , Permadis DP
Published: June 2021

Modeling of ZnO/CdS/CdTe solar cells with various thickness and stochiometric fractions has been carried out using SCAPS-1D. The variation in the thickness of the CdTe used was 0.6 μm - 6.0 μm and the variation of the stoichiometric fraction used was 0.6 - 7.0. The SCAPS-1D modeling data were characterized using I-V characteristics to determine the value of Voc, Jsc, FF and their efficiency. The I-V characteristic values increased with the increase in the thickness of CdTe. The optimum thickness was 6.0 μm with Voc, Jsc, FF values, respectively 0.894 volts; 31,990 mA/cm2; and 84.720%, with a large efficiency of 24.228%. In the variation of the optimum stoichiometric fraction, the stoichiometric fraction was 0.6 with an energy gap of 1.486 eV and an efficiency value of 22.900% for the Voc, Jsc, and FF values, respectively, 0.872 volts; 31,345 mA/cm2; 83,806%.
Analysis of UNNES embung floor capacity
Authors: Dewi N K , Heriyanti A P , Masturi  , Setiati N , Tirtasari N L
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of the reservoir to the change in land use around the Unnes campus. The research method used is the flood hydrograph routing method in the reservoir using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) program to obtain the maximum capacity of the reservoir flood discharge, after which a comparison of the planned flood discharge of the resevoir to the flood discharge in the existing conditions of the reservoir is carried out to assess the capacity of the Unnes reservoir against land use change. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a change in the bottom depth of the reservoir at the beginning of the planning was 4.00 meters and in the current condition it became 3.00 meters, which means that the capacity is reduced by 1.00 meters with the ability to pass the flood discharge inflow which is still adequate and there is no overflow of flood.
Subsurface modelling of Kei Kecil Island with 3D gravity inversion
Authors: Supriyadi  , Wijanarko E , Khumaedi
Published: June 2021

Kei Kecil Island located at Kei Islands, Maluku Province, Indonesia and it is one of outer Banda Arc. Several compression and extension tectonic accoured in Kei Island that made complex regional structural geology there. Mapping of surface geology has been done by several geoscientists, but subsurface mapping is still challenging. This paper aims to image subsurface geological features in Kei Island and its surrounding. Gravity method carried out to obtain density configuration for interpretation of basin topography. Gravity data obtained from previous publication and the other collected through satellite-derived gravity. Result of analyses show Kei Kecil Island located at depocenter of the basin around the high of the surroundings. Trending of the basin is Northeast–Southwest to North-South. Interpretation reveals basin in the Kei Kecil Island situated in central part toward northern trending almost North-South direction. The higher density rock dominating southern area of the island caused by Weduar and Elat Formation from Kei Besar Island. The denser density dipping from Kei Besar Island to Kei Kecil Island with Northwest direction. The basins in Kei Kecil Island probably produce hydrocarbon.
The microstructural parameters analysis of SnSe0.2S0.8 thin film
Authors: Utomo J , Kurniawan R , Hartatiek  , Ariswan
Published: June 2021

Sn(S0.8Se0.2) thin films were successfully grown by evaporation technique with the distance variation between substrate and source (10, 15, and 25 cm) to investigate their microstructural parameters and morphology. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that Sn(S0.8Se0.2) thin film had a single phase with the orthorhombic crystal structure. The crystallite size and the lattice strain were evaluated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis with Uniform Deformation Model (UDM). The increase of the spacer (d = 10, 15, and 25 cm) causes the increase of the value of strain and crystallite size. One of the factors that affect the increase of crystallite size in the SnSe0.2S0.8 thin films with the spacer is the lattice strain value of the crystals. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the high homogeneity of grains. SnSe0.2S0.8 thin films contain Stannum (Sn) at 21.88 %, Selenium (Se) at 2.31 %, and Sulfur (S) elements at 14.24 % in the majority.
Demonstration of a new collision phenomenon using air track
Authors: Imtinan N , Rahmawati I , Hidayah H , Linuwih S , Aji M P
Published: June 2021

The touching collision between two objects on the air track still allows a change in the total kinetic energy. In this work, the air track props has been successfully modificated to demonstrate the collision without touching between two objects. The modificiation was done by adding thin cylindrical magnets to the two objects of air track set. This props demonstrates a very different Physics phenomenon from the collision between two objects touching each other. Analysis of total momentum of the two objects before and after collision show that the law of conservation of linear momentum is applied. The collision without touching between two objects produce an elastic collision and its coefficient of restitutione=0.99. The props of collision without touching was validated by the experts on physical aspect and pedagogical-concept. Based on the props physical aspect validation obtained a percentage of 95.6%. Based on the props pedagogical and conceptual aspect validation obtained a percentage of 91.6%. Besides, the results of the trial based on students responses got a percentage 90.65%. So, it can be concluded that the props of collision without touching is highly valid to be used as collision teaching props in class. The results of the development of this props are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding and avoid students misconceptions for the collision material.
Formulation of radiation temperature gradient equations with non-homogeneous density in stars
Authors: Yasrina A , Firdausiyah L L
Published: June 2021

The interior of a star consists of the convection region and radiation. The energy transfer process in the convection region and radiation is different which indicates the energy transfer process in the star. The energy transfer is affected by the density of the star. The radiation energy transfer equation with non-homogeneous density has been formulated. The density of a non-homogeneous star is the density that only depends on the distance. It has been obtained the formulation of an energy transfer equation in radiation with a non-homogeneous density in the form of a star temperature gradient. This equation is obtained by formulating the relationship between the specific intensity of the beam, the flux, and the luminosity of the star. The density of a non-homogeneous star affects the luminosity and flux of the star. Meanwhile, the star temperature gradient equation does not depend on the density of non-homogeneous stars.
The characterization of hydroxyapatite from blood clam shells and eggs shells: Shyntesis by hydrothermal method
Authors: Kusuma H H , Sifah L , Anggita S S
Published: June 2021

Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic that can be used as a denture material. Hydroxyapatite can be produced by synthesizing blood clam shells and eggshells as a source of calcium and (NH4) 2HPO4, phosphate through hydrothermal methods. The hydroxyapatite samples were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The results of XRD analysis showed that the hydroxyapatite produced contained calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and apatite carbonate type A. Hydroxyapatite has a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters a = 9.404 Å and c = 6.675 Å the resulting crystal size ranges from 10.19 nm to 57.29 nm. The results of the FTIR spectrum of the hydroxyapatite sample contained functional groups PO4
3-, OH− and CO3
2- which are functional groups of hydroxyapatite.