bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Images Allow Universal Adversarial Attacks on Medical Image Classification Using Deep Neural Networks with Transfer Learning
Authors: Minagi Akinori , Hirano Hokuto , Takemoto Kauzhiro
Published: February 2022

Transfer learning from natural images is used in deep neural networks (DNNs) for medical image classification to achieve a computer-aided clinical diagnosis. Although the adversarial vulnerability of DNNs hinders practical applications owing to the high stakes of diagnosis, adversarial attacks are expected to be limited because training datasets (medical images), which are often required for adversarial attacks, are generally unavailable in terms of security and privacy preservation. Nevertheless, in this study, we demonstrated that adversarial attacks are also possible using natural images for medical DNN models with transfer learning, even if such medical images are unavailable; in particular, we showed that universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs) can also be generated from natural images. UAPs from natural images are useful for both non-targeted and targeted attacks. The performance of UAPs from natural images was significantly higher than that of random controls. The use of transfer learning causes a security hole, which decreases the reliability and safety of computer-based disease diagnosis. Model training from random initialization reduced the performance of UAPs from natural images; however, it did not completely avoid vulnerability to UAPs. The vulnerability of UAPs to natural images is expected to become a significant security threat.
A Chronological Overview of Scientific Research on Ship Grounding Frequency Estimation Models
Authors: Galić Stipe , Lušić Zvonimir , Mladenović Saša , Gudelj Anita
Published: February 2022

In the global maritime industry, ship grounding represents about one-third of commercial groundings. Grounding is a type of accident where the hull of a ship strikes the seabed, causing damage to the hull. This type of accident can lead to damage to the hull and water penetration, but also to the pollution of the marine environment by the spillage of ship fuel or some liquid cargo carried by the ship. This paper presents a chronological overview of the contribution of ship grounding frequency, where one of the first ideas of grounding probability was presented by Macduff (1974) and Fuji (1974) in their models. Their ideas, such as grounding candidates and causing probability, laid the foundation for the development of future models. After their models, years later, other models continued to be developed; e.g., analytically (Macduff, Fujii, Amrowitcz, etc.) and statistically (Pedersen, Simonsen, etc.). To find the probability of grounding in an area of interest or in a scenario, it is necessary to have the number of grounding candidates and the causing probability. There are different internal and external factors that affect both probabilities, and in this paper, we analyze how various authors approach their grounding models and have tried to show the actual event as faithfully as possible and thus contribute to greater safety in maritime transport. The number of grounding frequency models significantly complicates their selection in practice; accordingly, the review of models in this paper should facilitate this, but also it should facilitate future research on this topic.
From Negative to Positive Diagnosis: Structural Variation Could Be the Second Mutation You Are Looking for in a Recessive Autosomal Gene
Authors: Pyromali Ioanna , Benslimane Nesrine , Favreau Frédéric , Goizet Cyril , Lazaro Leila , Vitry Martine , Derouault Paco , Sturtz Franck , Magdelaine Corinne , Lia Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2022

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of plentiful mutations increasing the rate of patients getting a positive diagnosis. However, while single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small indels can be easily detected, structural variations (SVs) such as copy number variants (CNVs) are often not researched. In Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy, the PMP22-duplication was the first variation detected. Since then, more than 90 other genes have been associated with CMT, with point mutations or small indels mostly described. Herein, we present a personalized approach we performed to obtain a positive diagnosis of a patient suffering from demyelinating CMT. His NGS data were aligned to the human reference sequence but also studied using the CovCopCan software, designed to detect large CNVs. This approach allowed the detection of only one mutation in SH3TC2, the frequent p.Arg954*, while SH3TC2 is known to be responsible for autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT forms. Interestingly, by modifying the standard CovCopCan use, we detected the second mutation of this patient corresponding to a 922 bp deletion in SH3TC2 (Chr5:148,390,609-Chr5:148,389,687), including only one exon (exon 14). This highlights that SVs, different from PMP22 duplication, can be responsible for peripheral neuropathy and should be searched systematically. This approach could also be employed to improve the diagnosis of all inherited diseases.
A New Versatile Platform for Assessment of Improved Cardiac Performance in Human-Engineered Heart Tissues
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo C. , Rivera-Arbeláez José M. , Cofiño-Fabres Carla , Schwach Verena , Slaats Rolf H. , ten Den Simone A. , Vermeul Kim , van den Berg Albert , Pérez-Pomares José M , Segerink Loes I. , Guadix Juan A. , Passier Robert
Published: February 2022

Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) hold a great potential as human in vitro models for studying heart disease and for drug safety screening. Nevertheless, their associated immaturity relative to the adult myocardium limits their utility in cardiac research. In this study, we describe the development of a platform for generating three-dimensional engineered heart tissues (EHTs) from hPSC-CMs for the measurement of force while under mechanical and electrical stimulation. The modular and versatile EHT platform presented here allows for the formation of three tissues per well in a 12-well plate format, resulting in 36 tissues per plate. We compared the functional performance of EHTs and their histology in three different media and demonstrated that tissues cultured and maintained in maturation medium, containing triiodothyronine (T3), dexamethasone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (TDI), resulted in a higher force of contraction, sarcomeric organization and alignment, and a higher and lower inotropic response to isoproterenol and nifedipine, respectively. Moreover, in this study, we highlight the importance of integrating a serum-free maturation medium in the EHT platform, making it a suitable tool for cardiovascular research, disease modeling, and preclinical drug testing.
Sustainable Blueprint: Do Stock Investors Increase Emissions?
Authors: Shobande Olatunji Abdul , Ogbeifun Lawrence
Published: February 2022

The lack of agreement on climate policies among stock-market investors has raised significant concerns about GHG-emission levels, likely reflected in asset pricing. This study uses annual data sourced from the World Bank from 1980 to 2019 to examine whether stock-market investments increase GHG emissions in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The study employs the panel-standard fixed effects and the Arellano-Bover and Blundell–Bond dynamic methods and shows that stock-investor confidence is critical for emissions reduction in OECD countries. Additionally, the results highlight the potential mechanism through which the stock market can influence emissions in the OECD countries. We recommend that investors re-evaluate the emissions criteria before selecting long stock portfolios. Additionally, there is a need for policymakers to promote the preservation of environmental quality by carefully redesigning policies for stock-market investments.
Community Engagement in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks: Case Studies from Mount Hakusan in Japan and Altai in Russia
Authors: Mammadova Aida , Redkin Aleksandr , Beketova Tatiana , Smith Christopher D.
Published: February 2022

UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP) are two themes in UNESCO’s Natural Science Sector. Biosphere Reserves of the MAB Programme are more focused on building international, regional, sub-regional, and ecosystem-specific cooperation as “learning places’’ for sustainable development with a focus on biodiversity. The IGGP supports research and capacity development in Earth Sciences and comprises two sub-programmes: the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) and the UNESCO Global Geoparks Programme (UGGP). UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) use a bottom-up approach to engage local communities in capacity building, via tourism development, with the common goal of promoting and protecting the area’s geological and cultural heritage. Here, we present the results of comparing local involvement from two case studies from Japan, the Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve and the National Mount Hakusan Tedori-river Geopark, along with two case studies from Russia, the Altaisky Biosphere Reserve and the regional Geopark Altai. In this study, we found more involvement by local community members in the Geopark than in the Biosphere Reserve in Japan. The Russian case studies show a complete opposite result with more involvement of local communities in the BRs, and less participation in Geopark management. The purpose of this project was to provide information to improve local involvement in both Japanese and Russian Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks through changes in education and management styles.
Use of Vegetation to Classify Urban Landscape Types: Application in a Mediterranean Coastal Area
Authors: Castro Noblejas Hugo , Orellana-Macías José María , Mérida Rodríguez Matías Francisco
Published: February 2022

The objectives of this paper are (a) to incorporate vegetation cover into quantitative techniques for identifying and classifying urban landscape types, (b) to implement a methodology to analyse the urban landscape units of three zones in the Mediterranean coastal area and (c) to design a methodology that could be extrapolated to other urban spaces with a similar type and spatial scale. To achieve the objectives, the urban landscape units are characterized in three Mediterranean coastal municipalities in the south of Spain, in the province of Málaga: Benalmádena, Marbella and Manilva. The characterization is based on some of the most representative variables of the urban morphology, such as construction density, road density and building height, also incorporating the presence of vegetation cover, both arboreal and herbaceous and shrub. Data were obtained from the Spanish Cadastral (urban morphology variables) and through remote sensing techniques (vegetation), spatial analysis tools and multivariate analysis were implemented to obtain the characterization and spatial delimitation of the urban typologies. As a result, six clusters are recognized with predominant urban landscape typologies. The proposed procedure is a useful tool to segment the city following landscape criteria, as well as to assess the changes experienced in urban spaces.
Correction: Kanaan et al. Effect of Different Landscapes on Heat Load to Buildings. Land 2021, 10, 733
Authors: Kanaan Ahmed , Leinauer Bernd , Serena Matteo , Sevostianova Elena , Donaldson Burl , Sevostianov Igor
Published: February 2022

In the original article [...]
Smart Device-Driven Corticolimbic Plasticity in Cognitive-Emotional Restructuring of Space-Related Neuropsychiatric Disease and Injury
Authors: Clark Kevin B.
Published: February 2022

Escalating government and commercial efforts to plan and deploy viable manned near-to-deep solar system exploration and habitation over the coming decades now drives next-generation space medicine innovations. The application of cutting-edge precision medicine, such as brain stimulation techniques, provides powerful clinical and field/flight situation methods to selectively control vagal tone and neuroendocrine-modulated corticolimbic plasticity, which is affected by prolonged cosmic radiation exposure, social isolation or crowding, and weightlessness in constricted operational non-terran locales. Earth-based clinical research demonstrates that brain stimulation approaches may be combined with novel psychotherapeutic integrated memory structure rationales for the corrective reconsolidation of arousing or emotional experiences, autobiographical memories, semantic schema, and other cognitive structures to enhance neuropsychiatric patient outcomes. Such smart cotherapies or countermeasures, which exploit natural, pharmaceutical, and minimally invasive neuroprosthesis-driven nervous system activity, may optimize the cognitive-emotional restructuring of astronauts suffering from space-related neuropsychiatric disease and injury, including mood, affect, and anxiety symptoms of any potential severity and pathophysiology. An appreciation of improved neuropsychiatric healthcare through the merging of new or rediscovered smart theragnostic medical technologies, capable of rendering personalized neuroplasticity training and managed psychotherapeutic treatment protocols, will reveal deeper insights into the illness states experienced by astronauts. Future work in this area should emphasize the ethical role of telemedicine and/or digital clinicians to advance the (semi)autonomous, technology-assisted medical prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and compliance of astronauts for elevated health, safety, and performance in remote extreme space and extraterrestrial environments.
Fundamental Design and Modelling of the Superconducting Magnet for the High-Speed Maglev: Mechanics, Electromagnetics, and Loss Analysis during Instability
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Jin Jianxun , Shen Boyang , Hao Luning , Guo Youguang , Zhu Jianguo
Published: February 2022

The high-temperature superconductor (HTS) has been recognised as one of the most up-and-coming materials thanks to its superior electromagnetic performance (e.g., zero resistance). For a high-speed maglev, the HTS magnet can be the most crucial component because it is in charge of both the levitation and the propulsion of the maglev. Therefore, a fundamental study of HTS magnets for maglev is crucial. This article presents the fundamental design and modelling of the superconducting magnet for a high-speed maglev, including mechanics, electromagnetics, and loss analysis during instability. First, the measurements of the superconducting wire were performed. The HTS magnet was primarily designed and modelled to fulfil the basic electromagnetic requirements (e.g., magnetic field) in order to drive the maglev at a high speed. The modelling was verified by experimental tests on a scale-down HTS magnet. A more professional model using the H-formulation based on the finite element method (FEM) was built to further investigate some deeper physical phenomenon of the HTS magnet (e.g., current density and loss behaviours), particularly in situations where the high-speed maglev is in the normal steady state or encountering instability.
Stability Results of Mixed Type Quadratic-Additive Functional Equation in β-Banach Modules by Using Fixed-Point Technique
Authors: Tamilvanan Kandhasamy , Alqahtani Rubayyi T. , Mohiuddine Syed Abdul
Published: February 2022

We aim to introduce the quadratic-additive functional equation (shortly, QA-functional equation) and find its general solution. Then, we study the stability of the kind of Hyers-Ulam result with a view of the aforementioned functional equation by utilizing the technique based on a fixed point in the framework of β-Banach modules. We here discuss our results for odd and even mappings as well as discuss the stability of mixed cases.
Adaptive Guided Spatial Compressive Cuckoo Search for Optimization Problems
Authors: Xu Wangying , Yu Xiaobing
Published: February 2022

Cuckoo Search (CS) is one of the heuristic algorithms that has gradually drawn public attention because of its simple parameters and easily understood principle. However, it still has some disadvantages, such as its insufficient accuracy and slow convergence speed. In this paper, an Adaptive Guided Spatial Compressive CS (AGSCCS) has been proposed to handle the weaknesses of CS. Firstly, we adopt a chaotic mapping method to generate the initial population in order to make it more uniform. Secondly, a scheme for updating the personalized adaptive guided local location areas has been proposed to enhance the local search exploitation and convergence speed. It uses the parent’s optimal and worst group solutions to guide the next iteration. Finally, a novel spatial compression (SC) method is applied to the algorithm to accelerate the speed of iteration. It compresses the convergence space at an appropriate time, which is aimed at improving the shrinkage speed of the algorithm. AGSCCS has been examined on a suite from CEC2014 and compared with the traditional CS, as well as its four latest variants. Then the parameter identification and optimization of the photovoltaic (PV) model are applied to examine the capacity of AGSCCS. This is conducted to verify the effectiveness of AGSCCS for industrial problem application.
Group Testing with Consideration of the Dilution Effect
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Ahn Hongshik , Li Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

We propose a method of group testing by taking dilution effects into consideration. We estimate the dilution effect based on massively collected RT-PCR threshold cycle data and incorporate them into optimizing group tests. The new constraint helps find a robust solution of a nonlinear equation. The proposed framework has the flexibility to incorporate geographic and demographic information. We conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to compare different group testing approaches under the estimated dilution effect. This study suggests that increased group size adversely impacts the false negative rate significantly when the infection rate is relatively low. Group tests with optimal pool sizes improve the sensitivity over group tests with a fixed pool size. Based on our simulation study, we recommend single group testing with optimal group sizes.
Optimal Reinforcement Learning-Based Control Algorithm for a Class of Nonlinear Macroeconomic Systems
Authors: Ding Qing , Jahanshahi Hadi , Wang Ye , Bekiros Stelios , Alassafi Madini O.
Published: February 2022

Due to the vital role of financial systems in today’s sophisticated world, applying intelligent controllers through management strategies is of crucial importance. We propose to formulate the control problem of the macroeconomic system as an optimization problem and find optimal actions using a reinforcement learning algorithm. Using the Q-learning algorithm, the best optimal action for the system is obtained, and the behavior of the system is controlled. We illustrate that it is possible to control the nonlinear dynamics of the macroeconomic systems using restricted actuation. The highly effective performance of the proposed controller for uncertain systems is demonstrated. The simulation results evidently confirm that the proposed controller satisfies the expected performance. In addition, the numerical simulations clearly confirm that even when we confined the control actions, the proposed controller effectively finds optimal actions for the nonlinear macroeconomic system.
GeoStamp: Detail Transfer Based on Mean Curvature Field
Authors: Park Jung-Ho , Moon Ji-Hye , Park Sanghun , Yoon Seung-Hyun
Published: February 2022

A shape detail transfer is the process of extracting the geometric details of a source region and transferring it onto a target region. In this paper, we present a simple and effective method, called GeoStamp, for transferring shape details using a Poisson equation. First, the mean curvature field on a source region is computed by using the Laplace–Beltrami operator and is defined as the shape details of the source region. Subsequently, the source and target regions are parameterized on a common 2D domain, and a mean curvature field on the target region is interpolated by the correspondence between two regions. Finally, we solve the Poisson equation using the interpolated mean curvature field and the Laplacian matrix of the target region. Consequently, the mean curvature field of the target region is replaced with that of the source region, which results in the transfer of shape details from the source region to the target region. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by showing several examples and also show that our method is quite useful for adding shape details to a surface patch filling a hole in a triangular mesh.
Integrating a Stabilized Radial Basis Function Method with Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Bawazeer Saleh A. , Baakeem Saleh S. , Mohamad Abdulmajeed A.
Published: February 2022

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has two key steps: collision and streaming. In a conventional LBM, the streaming is exact, where each distribution function is perfectly shifted to the neighbor node on the uniform mesh arrangement. This advantage may curtail the applicability of the method to problems with complex geometries. To overcome this issue, a high-order meshless interpolation-based approach is proposed to handle the streaming step. Owing to its high accuracy, the radial basis function (RBF) is one of the popular methods used for interpolation. In general, RBF-based approaches suffer from some stability issues, where their stability strongly depends on the shape parameter of the RBF. In the current work, a stabilized RBF approach is used to handle the streaming. The stabilized RBF approach has a weak dependency on the shape parameter, which improves the stability of the method and reduces the dependency of the shape parameter. Both the stabilized RBF method and the streaming of the LBM are used for solving three benchmark problems. The results of the stabilized method and the perfect streaming LBM are compared with analytical solutions or published results. Excellent agreements are observed, with a little advantage for the stabilized approach. Additionally, the computational cost is compared, where a marginal difference is observed in the favor of the streaming of the LBM. In conclusion, one could report that the stabilized method is a viable alternative to the streaming of the LBM in handling both simple and complex geometries.
Estimating the Coefficients of a System of Ordinary Differential Equations Based on Inaccurate Observations
Authors: Tsitsiashvili Gurami , Osipova Marina , Kharchenko Yury
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we solve the problem of estimating the parameters of a system of ordinary differential equations from observations on a short interval of argument values. By analogy with linear regression analysis, a sufficiently large number of observations are selected on this segment and the values of the functions on the right side of the system and the values of the derivatives are estimated. According to the obtained estimates, unknown parameters are determined, using the differential equations system. The consistency of the estimates obtained in this way is proved with an increase in the number of observations over a short period of argument values. Here, an algorithm for estimating parameters acts as a system. The error of the obtained estimate is an indicator of its quality. A sequence of inaccurate measurements is a random process. The method of linear regression analysis applied to an almost linear regression function is used as an optimization procedure.
Transfemoral Approach in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Analysis of 36 Cases: Radiological and Functional Results at a Minimum 2 Years Follow-up
Authors: Georgeanu Vlad Alexandru , Atasiei Tudor , Predescu Vlad , Gheorghiu Nicolae , Feier Andrei Marian , Russu Octav Marius
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: One of the most difficult aspects of hip revision is to remove the stem from the femoral canal with or without cement while maintaining the maximal amount of bone stock to obtain the best possible press-fit of the revision prosthesis. The transfemoral approach ensures direct access to the medullary canal so that the content removal is completed under direct control, while protecting the bone. This type of approach is particularly efficient for special conditions, such as deformation of the proximal femoral region, broken stems, or the presence of cement over a long distance distal to the prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main advantages of transtrochanteric approach in hip revisions. Materials and Methods: Our series included 36 revisions performed using the transfemoral approach. We have analyzed the following postoperative radiological aspects: the length of the fixation zone distal to the osteotomized bone fragment (OBF), the gap between the OBF and the diaphysis, stem subsidence over time, and OBF consolidation. Results: The results were very good, both in terms of the rate of intraoperative complications and postoperative evolution. The fixation zone length was 4.2 cm on average (range: 2 to 5.8 cm). The distal gap between the OBF and the diaphysis was 1.2 cm on average (range: 0 to 2.3 cm). Stem subsidence was noted in four cases (11.1%). In all cases, stem subsidence occurred between three and six months and was 6 to 8 mm without affecting hip stability. OBF consolidation was radiologically confirmed for all cases at one year follow-up. Clinical assessment based on the Harris Hip Score showed an overall improvement from 43.2 preoperatively to 79.7 at 12 months and 83 at two years, respectively. The most important rate of progress was between 6 months and 12 months. Conclusions: The transtrochanteric approach has been shown to be very efficient for hip revisions. Understanding the hip biomechanics, applying a less aggressive surgical technique, and using efficient fixation methods such as cables significantly improved the results.
Corrosion Behavior of Steels in LiBr–H2O–CaCl2–LiNO3 Systems
Authors: Larios-Galvez Ana Karen , Lopez-Sesenes Roy , Sarmiento-Bustos Estela , Rosales Isai , Uruchurtu-Chavarin Jorge , Porcayo-Calderon Jesus , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose Gonzalo
Published: February 2022

Conventional absorption and refrigeration systems use a LiBr/H2O mixture, which causes corrosion problems to the metallic components. In order to avoid this and some other problems such as crystallization and vapor pressure, some additives such as CaCl2 and/or LiNO3 are added to the LiBr/H2O mixture. In the present work, the corrosion behavior of 1018 carbon steel as well as of type 304 and 316L stainless steels was evaluated in LiBr/H2O at 80 °C with the addition of CaCl2, LiNO3, and CaCl2+LiNO3. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for this purpose. The results showed that the corrosion current density values of all tested steels decreased with the addition of CaCl2 and/or LiNO3, which induced the formation of a passive film on carbon steel. Both types of stainless steels showed a passive film in all tested conditions, but the passive current density was the lowest, whereas the passive zone was the widest, for 316L steel. The corrosion mechanism remained unaltered for both stainless steels but was changed with the addition of CaCl2 and/or LiNO3 for carbon steel.
Transformation of Dunaliella salina by Agrobacterium tumefaciens for the Expression of the Hemagglutinin of Avian Influenza Virus H5
Authors: Castellanos-Huerta Inkar , Gómez-Verduzco Gabriela , Tellez-Isaias Guillermo , Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe , Bañuelos-Hernández Bernardo , Petrone-García Víctor Manuel , Velázquez-Juárez Gilberto , Fernández-Siurob Isidro
Published: February 2022

Avian influenza (AI) is one of the main threats to the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the virus hemagglutinin (HA) is the main component of any vaccine formulation. This study uses Dunaliella salina to express the AIV HA protein of an H5 virus. D. salina offers a system of feasible culture properties, generally recognized as safe for humans (GRAS), with N-glycosylation and nuclear transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The cloning and transformation of D. salina cells with the H5HA gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed HA5r protein expression, and the correct expression and biological activity of the HA5r protein were confirmed by a hemagglutination assay (HA). This study proves the feasibility of using a different biological system for expressing complex antigens from viruses. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HA5r from AIV (H5N2) can be successfully expressed in D. salina.
Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sorrentino Leonardo , Silvestri Valentina , Oliveto Giuseppe , Scordio Mirko , Frasca Federica , Fracella Matteo , Bitossi Camilla , D’Auria Alessandra , Santinelli Letizia , Gabriele Lucia , Pierangeli Alessandra , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , d’Ettorre Gabriella , Antonelli Guido , Caruz Antonio , Ottini Laura , Scagnolari Carolina
Published: February 2022

Type III interferons (IFN-III), also known as IFN-Lambda, have a pivotal role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-Lambda response among individuals is heterogeneous and its association with COVID-19 symptoms severity needs to be further clarified. We analyzed the genotype frequencies of IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11322783 in patients with COVID-19 (n = 128), in comparison with a validated data set of European healthy controls (n = 14152). The IFNL4 SNP was also analyzed according to the haematological and clinical parameters of patients with COVID-19. The distributions of IFNL4 genotypes among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients [TT/TT 41.4% (n = 53), TT/ΔG 47.7% (n = 61) and ΔG/ΔG 10.9% (n = 14)] and healthy controls were comparable. Different levels of white blood cells (p = 0.036) and neutrophils (p = 0.042) were found in the IFNL4 different genotypes in patients with COVID-19; the ΔG/ΔG genotype was more represented in the groups with low white blood cells and neutrophils. There were no differences in major inflammation parameters (C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Albumin, and Lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH)] and survival rate according to the IFNL4 genotypes. In conclusion, although patients with COVID-19 did not exhibit a different distribution of the IFNL4 SNP, the ΔG/ΔG genotype was associated with a lower count of immune cell populations. These findings need to be confirmed in larger groups of patients with COVID-19 and the role of IFNL4 SNP needs to be also investigated in other respiratory viral infections.
Gene Overlapping as a Modulator of Begomovirus Evolution
Authors: Martín-Hernández Iván , Pagán Israel
Published: February 2022

In RNA viruses, which have high mutation—and fast evolutionary— rates, gene overlapping (i.e., genomic regions that encode more than one protein) is a major factor controlling mutational load and therefore the virus evolvability. Although DNA viruses use host high-fidelity polymerases for their replication, and therefore should have lower mutation rates, it has been shown that some of them have evolutionary rates comparable to those of RNA viruses. Notably, these viruses have large proportions of their genes with at least one overlapping instance. Hence, gene overlapping could be a modulator of virus evolution beyond the RNA world. To test this hypothesis, we use the genus Begomovirus of plant viruses as a model. Through comparative genomic approaches, we show that terminal gene overlapping decreases the rate of virus evolution, which is associated with lower frequency of both synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. In contrast, terminal overlapping has little effect on the pace of virus evolution. Overall, our analyses support a role for gene overlapping in the evolution of begomoviruses and provide novel information on the factors that shape their genetic diversity.
Postural characteristics of patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolar ridge and palate
Authors: Gioeva Yu. A. , Demianenko M. V. , Misoian A. A. , Shonicheva Yu. A. , Kalinina S. A. , Saidasanov S. Sh.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate requires a comprehensive approach in treatment, and analysis of the vertebral column state reveals the need to include orthopedic rehabilitation in the therapy algorithm. The purpose of the study is to assess the posture disorders and spinal deformities in patients 5-12 years old with cleft of the upper lip, alveolar process and palate and compare with posture disorders in patients with mesial occlusion.Materials and methods. The study involved 26 patients (8 girls, 18 boys) with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 24 children (9 girls, 15 boys) with mesial occlusion, aged 5-12 years, whose posture was studied by the optical topographic imaging technique. The results of "sagittal analysis", "lateral analysis", and "horizontal analysis" were received. The examination resulted in the allocation of several groups according to the posture health, which was determined based on the worst diagnosis made on three planes of the spinal column examination: I-H – health group I – healthy; I-S – health group I – subnormal (1-2 stage scoliosis); II-PD – health group II – posture disorder; II-SD – health group II – spinal deformity (1-2 stage scoliosis and other spinal deformities); III – health group III – moderate and severe spinal deformities. Statistical data was processed using the "data analysis" function of the KOMOT program itself and the Microsoft Excel program.Results. Patients with cleft lip, alveolar ridge and palate demonstrated musculoskeletal disorders more frequently than children with similar malocclusion, especially in a frontal and sagittal plane: 72% of the main group and 50% of the comparison group exhibited stage-1 scoliosis, round-concave back, enhancement of physiologic curves were also 14% higher in the main group.100% of the examined children of the main group revealed postural disorders in the coronal plane, 61% – in the horizontal plane and 89% – in the sagittal plane.Conclusions. The study evidenced that patients with cleft lip, alveolar process, and palate have significantly more musculoskeletal disorders than children, who have a similar malocclusion. Orthopaedic treatment should be included in the rehabilitation of children with cleft lip, alveolar ridge and palate.
Dental aspects of quality of life in orthodontic patients
Authors: Harlachova T. V. , Tserakhava T. N.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Previous studies have shown an improvement in orthodontic patients’ health-related quality of life. It is interesting to study the effect of various orthodontic appliances on the patients’ quality of life. Purpose – to study the changes in dental parameters of the quality of life in patients with malocclusion before orthodontic treatment, during treatment with metal and ceramic vestibular braces and after treatment, using removable retainers.Materials and methods. Using a validated Russian version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49RU), we surveyed the quality of life in four patient groups: 1 - with malocclusion (n = 35), 2 – with removable retainers (n = 32), 3 – with metal brackets (n = 30), 4 – with ceramic brackets (n = 33). Statistical processing was carried out in Statistics 10. The study used descriptive statistics methods, e.g., nonparametric test methods determined the significance of sign differences: using the Kruskal-Wallis H, z tests and the χ2 test with Yates' correction.Results. OHIP-49 score analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the studied groups of pa- tients (1 - functional limitation (H = 9.15; p <0.05), 2 - physical pain (H = 13.98; p < 0.01), 3 - psychological discomfort (H = 23.04; p <0.001), 4 - physical disability (H = 24.73; p <0.001), 5 - psychological disability (H = 11.03; p < 0.05), 6 - social disability (H = 16.21; p <0.01), 7 - handicap (H = 7.91; p <0.05)).Conclusions. The patients, who had completed the orthodontic treatment and used removable retainers at night, demonstrated the best score in most sections of the questionnaire and the patients with malocclusion, who had presented to an orthodontist - the worst. Patients with the brackets had a higher score on the "Physical pain" section of the questionnaire (6.5 (3.0-8.0) with metal braces and 4.0 (2.0-7.0) with ceramic bracket system). The quality of life in patients with metal and ceramic brackets did not have statistically significant differences.
Assessment of oral health knowledge and motivation level in dental disease prevention among the population with limited mobility and specialists
Authors: Luneva Yu. A. , Soldatova L. N. , Jordanishvili A. K.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. The level of oral health knowledge directly affects the level of oral health. The study aims to study the level of oral health and oral disease knowledge and motivation among the population with limited mobility and specialists.Materials and methods. The study analyzed the results of the target audience survey. We developed questionnaires for children and specialists on the level of knowledge of dental disease prevention, motivation for oral care education, the quality and structure of classes with children, and specialist needs to use various related materials for conducting such educational lessons. The survey involved 178 children, of which 112 had eye disorders, and 66 children composed the control group. We also interviewed 53 specialists (dentists). The children oral responses were recorded, and specialists answered the multiple-choice survey questions in writing.

Results. The study results showed a low level of oral health knowledge in schoolchildren with eye disorders, despite their high motivation to study compared to the control group (systemically healthy children). The survey revealed an acute shortage of special teaching aids for visually impaired children among specialists despite the ongoing oral health education programs.Conclusions. The study concluded that it is necessary to develop and standardize specific education methods on the dental disease prevention for blind and visually impaired children.
Gambaran Upaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Dalam Penggunaan Pestisida
Authors: Canita R. Made , Sudiadnyana I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Potencial hazards that the threaten safety and health agricultural sector one of them is the use of pesticides. The pesticides are not controlled can make some trobles of health and environment pollution. The purpose of this study is to know description of occupational safety and health efforts in the use of pesticides of farmer group “Kube Amerta Abadi” In Candikuning Baturiti, Tabanan regency. This study is descriptive study. The sampling using a saturated sampling technique, in wich all members of the population are sampled. The data obtained through by interview and check up the cholinesterase of  15 members of farmer groups. The result of study are indicated that from 15 farmers, 14 farmers have a good effort of OHS planning phase. The effort of OHS implementation phase of 15 farmers all have a good effort of OHS. From 15 farmers, 9 of the farmers have the effort of OHS the bad post implementation phase, and 6 farmers have the effort of OHS the good post implementation phase. The effort of OHS in the use of pesticides 15 farmers, 8 farmers have the effort of OHS is good and 7 farmers have the effort of OHS moderate ability. From the check of cholinesterase, 4 farmers have a mild toxic and 11 farmers have suffered moderate toxic.
Tingkat Kepadatan Jentik Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Sebagai Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Di Wilayah Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Kesmas Blahbatuh I Tahun 2018
Authors: Inten Anak Agung Istri , Purna Nyoman , Notes Nengah
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by aedes aegypty mosquitoes. Puskesmas Blahbatuh I in 2016 is included in the top 10 cases of Dengue Fever which is 195 cases (Dinkes, 2017). The purpose of this research is to know the level of density of mosquito larvae Aedes aegypty as dengue fever vector in the working area UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I Year 2018. Type of research used in this research is descriptive research type with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in working area of UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I which consists of five villages namely Medahan Village, Keramas Village, Pering Village, Belega Village and Bona Village.Obtained HI value (House of Indeks) : 16 %, CI (Container Indeks): 8 %, BI (Bruteu Indeks): 16 %, ABJ (Larva Free Rate) : 84% and DF (Density Figure ) : 3 as a medium density. The Prevention is do PSN or eradiation of mosquito breeding. The conclution is the area of UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I has been moderate the mosquito larvae density.
Studi Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Pedagang Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Pasar Umum Ubud Kecamatan Ubud Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2017
Authors: Andriyani Dewa Ayu Oki , Posmaningsih Dewa Ayu Agustini
Published: February 2022

Ubud Public Market is visited by many foreign and local tourists. The increase of tourists to Ubud caused a negative impact from the development of tourism is the environment because the amount of waste generated in every place. The level of knowledge and awareness of traders in terms of waste management is still very less, seen from the general aspects of waste management is the stage of collection, transportation and final disposal. The purpose of this research is to know the knowledge, attitude and actions of trader’s about waste management at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency 2017. This research type is descriptive observasional. Samples in this research are 100 traders selling at Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data collected in this research are primary and secondary data. Data collection was done by using questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and action of traders and observation sheet used to observe directly the waste management in Ubud Public Market Ubud Subdistrict Gianyar Regency. The data has been collected and then processed and presented in the form of tables or graphs. The result of this research is a traders with good knowledge of 49 people (49%), traders who have good attitude 51 people (51%), traders who have medium action 76 people (76%).
Hubungan Fasilitas Sanitasi Dan Kualitas Jasa Dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pengunjung Tahura Ngurah Rai Provinsi Bali
Authors: Phartin Purwaningrum Ni Made Puti , Asmara I Wayan Suarta
Published: February 2022

Abstract : Ngurah Rai Forest Park is one of the public recreation places with ecotourism objects that can attract visitors. The purpose of this study was to  determine the correlation of sanitation facilities and service quality with level of visitor satisfaction of Ngurah Rai Forest Park At Bali Province. Research used is quantitative with a crossectional approach survey method. The sample used was 100 out of 1,323 populations using quota sampling. Based on the chi-square test results, it is obtained that sanitation facilities with sig = 0.045 (0.05), means there is a significant correlation sanitation facilities with the visitore satisfaction level with CC = 0.237, which means that the level of correlation is low, while service quality with visitor satisfaction level is obtained sig = 0,000 0.05 means that there is a significant correlation of service quality and level of visitor satisfaction with CC = 0.543 means the level of correlation is medium. The conclusion of this research is that there is a correlation between sanitation facilities and service quality with the level of satisfaction of visitors of Ngurah Rai Forest Park at Bali Province. The advice is to improve the quality of services and sanitation facilities to increase visitor satisfaction.
PERAN PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN TUTOR TEMAN SEBAYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU REMAJA TENTANG PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN
Authors: Erawati Putu Sri
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: Based on Health Research Data in 2010 about early marriage found that Indonesian women married in the age about 10 to 14 years old 0,2%, and in the age 15 to 19 years old 11,7%. Those problem can be anticipated by giving the teenagers an education about maturation age of marriage. This research aims to notice the role of peer group teaching approach to increase teenagers behavior about maturation age of marriage system in teenagers organization of Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. This designed with Experiment Pretest and Posttest Control Group Design. The variables are knowledge, attitude, and practice about maturation age in marriage, with the interval scale. The data was collected by test, which are written test. There were 17 cases had been found. Sixs  cases were intervention group and 11 cases were control group. This research fount significan deferen betwine behavior about maturation age of marriage system in teenagers organization of Abiansemal District, Badung Regency.Teenagers behavior about maturation age of marriage system in case intervention group before and after learning (p=0,046).in case control group (p =0,005). Conclution the role of peer group in teaching approach to increase teenagers behavior about maturation age of marriage system in teenagers organization of Abiansemal District, BadungKey word : Peer group, Teenagers, behavior, Maturation age of marriage