bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Divorce Maintenance Rights for Muslim Women in Pakistan and Iran: Making the Case for Law Reform
Authors: Shahid Ayesha
Published: August 2018

Protecting women and children is one of the core values of the Islamic legal tradition. In Muslim countries religious, constitutional, and legal frameworks obligate the state to take special measures to provide protection to women and children within families and in society. However, despite such provisions, post-divorce maintenance rights are not granted to women in Pakistan and Iran. Family law enacted in Pakistan and Iran still differs in form and substance from what has been mentioned in the primary sources of Islamic law and from the previous articulations of early Islamic law scholars. Moreover, patriarchal notions of male authority are still sustained through law and judicial interpretations when it comes to the question of giving post-divorce maintenance to women. As a result in the absence of a welfare system divorced women are left in a vulnerable situation. Although in Iran, some financial compensation under the concept of Ujrat ul Misl (compensation for household chores) is given to divorced women, but it remains unclear whether the right to Mata’at-ul-Talaq (post-divorce maintenance) has been recognised under the family law. In Pakistan the law does not include any provision for giving women Ujrat ul Misl and Mata’at- ul -Talaq. Moreover in the absence of a welfare system, divorced Muslim women in both countries are left in a vulnerable situation. This article engages with plural normative sources and contemporary notions of human rights to make the case for family law reform and for awarding post-divorce maintenance rights to Muslim women in Pakistan and Iran.
Detection of the damage threshold of fused silica components and morphologies of repaired damage sites based on the beam deflection method
Authors: Zhang Jiangmei , Gao Xiang , Wang Kunpeng , Liu Youyong , Yang Xiuhong , Ao Yihui
Published: August 2018

This article proposes a method to quickly detect the damage threshold of the fused silica components and the characteristics of the repair point damage. With a device detecting the beam deflection, the laser damage threshold is detected, quickly and effectively. Then, based on the beam deflection though mitigated sites, the beam deflection signals of the damage repair points are measured and the morphologies of mitigated sites are analyzed. This method is helpful in the online assessment of the damage resistance of the downstream optics and provides the guidance of the repair process.
Neighborhood condition for all fractional (g, f, n′, m)-critical deleted graphs
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang Yunqing , Chen Yaojun
Published: August 2018

In data transmission networks, the availability of data transmission is equivalent to the existence of the fractional factor of the corresponding graph which is generated by the network. Research on the existence of fractional factors under specific network structures can help scientists design and construct networks with high data transmission rates. A graph G is named as an all fractional (g, f, n′, m)-critical deleted graph if the remaining subgraph keeps being an all fractional (g, f, m)-critical graph, despite experiencing the removal of arbitrary n′ vertices of G. In this paper, we study the relationship between neighborhood conditions and a graph to be all fractional (g, f, n′, m)-critical deleted. Two sufficient neighborhood conditions are determined, and furthermore we show that the conditions stated in the main results are sharp.
P-star model for India: a nonlinear approach
Authors: Chaubal Aditi
Published: August 2018

Inflation in India has been a major cause for concern in the recent past (2008–2012). This study examines the Indian wholesale price index inflation from 1951 to 2012 using P-star (or P*) models after accounting for the nonlinearities in the data by establishing the presence of a nonlinear long-run equilibrium. The paper establishes the presence of a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) between prices and their long-run equilibrium with three optimal regimes to explain the short-run and long-run dynamics based on an error correcting transition term. Based on these results, the study classifies the various regimes that Indian inflation goes through based on historical economic events. The P*models (price gap, output gap and velocity gap models) were implemented regime-wise. The price gap models (output gap and income velocity gap determine inflation) were found to be optimal in the first and second regimes and consistent with theory. The velocity gap model (which has monetarist foundations) was found to be optimal in the third regime.
Monitoring of fouling within pipes using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Anseth Ronnie , Skeie Nils-Olav , Waskaas Magne
Published: August 2018

The objective of the study described in this paper was to evaluate a monitoring system for fouling in pipes, based on impedance measurements using only one fixed frequency. The monitoring system observed the fouling growth (deposition layer and corrosion) inside a pipe which was subjected to a constant flow of liquid. The measurement frequency was specifically selected to optimize the sensitivity of the monitoring system towards the fouling growth. An electrical potential difference was applied to the pipe to generate an electrical field to accelerate the fouling growth in the experiment. Experimental results show a measurable change in the impedance magnitude (fouling growth) over the duration of the experiment (8 weeks). Results indicate that the measurement system, using one fixed frequency, is capable of in-situ monitoring of fouling growth in a pipe with a continuous flow of liquid.
Short is strong: experimental electron density in a very short N···I halogen bond
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Hartnick Daniel , Englert Ulli
Published: August 2018

2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine co-crystallize in 1:2 stoichiometry. A diffraction experiment at standard resolution was already conducted in 2010 and revealed one of the shortest N···I contacts ever reported. We collected X-ray intensities at 100 K up to a very high resolution of 1.23 Å−1. These experimental data allowed to refine a structure model based on atom-centered multipoles according to the Hansen-Coppens approach and provided an experimental electron density. A subsequent analysis with the help of Bader’s atoms in molecules theory showed a strong interaction between the pyridine N atom and theσhole of its closest iodine neighbor on the halogenated benzene. This contact is characterized by a distance of 2.6622(4) Å and associated with a remarkably large electron density of 0.359(5)e⋅Å−3in the (3, −1) critical point, unprecedented for a secondary interaction. This bona fide shortest halogen bond ever investigated by an experimental charge density study is associated with a significantly negative total energy density in the bond critical point and thus can reliably be classified as strong. Both the electron density and the position of the bond critical point suggest to compare the short N···I contact to coordinative or covalent bonds rather than toσhole interactions.
Surface Smoothness Evaluation of Etched and Unaltered Sand Specimens with Mechanical Behavior Assessment
Authors: Tessari Anthony , Muszynski Mark R. , Colletti Joseph
Published: August 2018

Particle smoothness refers to the surface texture of a sand particle on a small scale. This parameter may be used in conjunction with roundness (angularity) and sphericity in describing particle shape for engineering purposes. Smoothness is challenging to measure and quantify. This note describes preliminary evaluation approaches used to compare two identically graded sand specimens; one with an unaltered, smooth surface texture, and the other chemically etched to create a rougher surface texture. Visual observation indicated that the unaltered specimens were essentially the same as the etched specimens in terms of macroscale particle shape features (i.e., roundness and sphericity). On the other hand, the particles were significantly different in terms of the surface texture and roughness, as shown by visual techniques using scanning electron microscope and optical microscopy images. A tentative, easy-to-implement, visual particle smoothness scale is offered, designed to complement the roundness and sphericity estimates and measures commonly used to describe particle shape. Next, several simple laboratory index tests are completed on the unaltered and the etched specimens to observe differences in mechanical behavior. Limit density, flow rate, and angle of repose tests are undertaken. The results of the testing indicate measurable differences in the mechanical behavior of the unaltered versus the etched specimens. This further supports the importance of particle surface texture on the mechanical behavior of poorly graded sands. Additional research is underway to more completely quantify the contribution of particle smoothness of sands with respect to the other macroscale particle shape features.
1-g Model Test on Internally Reinforced Granular Columns
Authors: Hong Yung-Shan , Wu Cho-Sen , Chen Guan-Long , Chien Chia-Wei
Published: August 2018

This article examines the influence of internally layered reinforcement on a fully penetrated sand column embedded in soft clay using a 1-g model test. The design parameters of the test model were chosen to emulate a geotextile-reinforced granular column prototype to ensure a comparable behavior. The performance of the internally reinforced sand columns was evaluated in terms of its load carrying capability and bulging behavior. The test results show that a reduction of spacing between two consecutive reinforcement layer discs allowed by a column with strong reinforcement will lead to an increase in the bearing capability of the column. Only a column design with a proper spacing/diameter ratio and reinforcement strength can ensure a column’s bearing capability with an increase in the reinforced column length. Reinforcing a granular column with a length exceeding the predominant bulging depth of a unreinforced column will be an effective mean to ensure its bearing capability.
Experimental Study of Factors Controlling Tilt-Test Results Performed on Saw-Cut Rock Joints
Authors: Pérez-Rey Ignacio , Alejano Leandro R. , Muralha José
Published: August 2018

One of the main inputs when estimating the shear strength of rock discontinuities, according to most existing strength criteria, is what is known as the basic friction angle, which is a parameter that responds to the frictional resistance of a planar, unfilled, and nonweathered rock joint. The basic friction angle can be estimated according to various procedures, although the tilt test is the simplest and possibly the most popular approach. With a view to standardizing tilt-test procedures, the present study provides experimental results regarding the influence of factors such as tilting rate, machine vibrations, and rock surface wear and roughness on sliding angle values. The tilting rate has been statistically and experimentally proved to scantily affect tilt test results when using motorized tilting tables and, by observing certain cutting guidelines, it is possible to expect reasonably representative and reproducible results. Nevertheless, the effect of wear associated with repeated testing and of microroughness significantly affects the resulting basic friction angle values. General recommendations are provided regarding better control of the studied factors as well as test results.
Imagining socioecological transformation: An analysis of the Welsh Government’s policy innovations and orientations to the future
Authors: Pigott Anna
Published: August 2018

This article explores how the Welsh Government’s recent policy innovations in climate change and environmental sustainability can be read in terms of their imaginative capacity for transformation. The Welsh Government is one of only a few governments in the world to have a legal duty to sustainable development, which includes the pioneering Well-being of Future Generations Act (2015). The legislation has received international attention and praise from the United Nations but, as yet, the Welsh Government’s imaginaries of socioecological transformation have received little scrutiny regarding the kinds of ideas about the future and possibilities for change they set in motion. The article considers imaginaries as providing the very grounds of possibility for transformation, being comprised of stories and narratives about what kinds of futures are possible and desirable, intermingled with emotional-affective “atmospheres” that can promote or hinder people’s engagement with environmental issues. The article focuses on three aspects of the Welsh Government’s imaginaries related to socioecological transformation, namely; resilience and anticipatory discourse, linear time, and “conspiracies of optimism”. A number of tensions are drawn out that highlight how the Welsh Government’s seemingly progressive rhetoric risks being undermined by the conceptions of time and change it employs. Thus, the article contributes to wider critical analyses of how new politics and modes of governance of and for the (proposed) Anthropocene are taking shape.
Adipocyte HDAC4 activation leads to beige adipocyte expansion and reduced adiposity
Authors: Paulo Esther , Wu Dongmei , Hecker Peter , Zhang Yun , Wang Biao
Published: August 2018

Numerous studies have suggested that beige adipocyte abundance is correlated with improved metabolic performance, but direct evidence showing that beige adipocyte expansion protects animals from the development of obesity is missing. Previously, we have described that the liver kinase b1 (LKB1) regulates beige adipocyte renaissance in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) through a class IIa histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)-dependent mechanism. This study investigates the physiological impact of persistent beige adipocyte renaissance in energy homeostasis in mice. Here we present that the transgenic mice H4-TG, overexpressing constitutively active HDAC4 in adipocytes, showed beige adipocyte expansion in iWAT at room temperature. H4-TG mice exhibited increased energy expenditure due to beige adipocyte expansion. They also exhibited reduced adiposity under both normal chow and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding conditions. Specific ablation of beige adipocytes reversed the protection against HFD-induced obesity in H4-TG mice. Taken together, our results directly demonstrate that beige adipocyte expansion regulates adiposity in mice and targeting beige adipocyte renaissance may present a novel strategy to tackle obesity in humans.
Farinha da casca de berinjela em pão: análise físico-química e sensorial entre crianças
Authors: Teixeira Flávia , Lima Karine Aparecida de , Silva Vinícius Da Cruz , Franco Bruna Callegari , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Novello Daiana
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Descrever a análise físico-química e sensorial de pão tipo bisnaguinha elaborado com diferentes níveis de farinha da casca de berinjela (FCB) entre crianças.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que foram elaboradas e analisadas 5 formulações de pão: F1 (padrão – 0% de FCB) e as demais adicionadas de 7% (F2); 14% (F3); 21% (F4) e 28% (F5) de FCB. Participaram da avaliação sensorial 70 julgadores não treinados, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos. Para a análise sensorial (atributos) foi utilizada uma escala hedônica facial estruturada mista de 7 pontos. Para a aceitação global e intenção de compra utilizou-se uma escala estruturada mista de 5 pontos. Foram analisados laboratorialmente os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios. Os teores de carboidratos, calorias e fibra bruta foram avaliados de forma teórica.Resultados: Menores valores (p<0,05) foram verificados para F5 em relação à aparência (4,46), aroma (3,91), sabor (4,30), textura (3,90), cor (3,92), aceitação global (3,15) e intenção de compra (3,33), sem diferença estatística entre as demais amostras. A amostra F4 foi aquela com maior teor de FCB e aceitabilidade sensorial similar ao produto padrão em todas as características avaliadas. Maiores teores de umidade (31,63 g.100 g-1), cinzas (1,22 g.100 g 1) e fibras (0,50 g.100 g-1) e menores de carboidratos (50,49 g.100 g-1) e calorias (313,25 kcal.100 g-1) foram verificados para F4. Não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) para os conteúdos de proteínas e lipídios entre as formulações F1 (7,56 g.100 g-1 e 9,22 g.100 g-1, respectivamente) e F4 (7,49 g.100 g-1 e 9,17 g.100 g-1, respectivamente).Conclusão: Um nível de adição de até 21% de FCB em pão tipo bisnaguinha foi bem aceito pelos julgadores infantis, obtendo-se aceitação sensorial semelhante ao produto padrão, melhora do perfil nutricional e com boas expectativas de comercialização.
Perfil da prescrição de medicamentos para o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de um município paulista
Authors: Ueta Julieta , Lima Cavalheiro Sílvia Ferreira , Carbi Anali Duarte Ortigoso , Takata Daniela Yumi , Franco Laercio Joel , Oliveira Rinaldo Eduardo Machado de
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Analisar as prescrições de medicamentos para o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) considerando as atuais recomendações clínicas, em Unidades de Saúde da Família de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado por meio da análise de prontuários das pessoas com DM2 usuárias de medicamentos. O tamanho da amostra calculado foi de 150 participantes. Foram obtidos os dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, medicamentos prescritos e resultado do teste laboratorial de hemoglobina glicada.Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos pertencia ao sexo feminino (61,3%) e a média de idade foi de 66,4 anos. O controle glicêmico apresentou-se inadequado em 75,3% dos participantes, com hemoglobina glicada média de 8,8%. A média de medicamentos prescritos para o tratamento do DM2 foi de 1,7. Nas pessoas com idade inferior a 60 anos predominou a prescrição de sulfonilureias. Dentre os idosos, predominou a prescrição de metformina, seguido pelas sulfonilureias e insulina, respectivamente. Observou-se associação entre o controle glicêmico inadequado e pessoas em uso de terapia oral combinada [OR=0,32 (IC95% 0,12; 0,80)] e insulinoterapia isolada ou em associação com antidiabético oral [OR=0,05 (IC95% 0,01; 0,18)]. Além disso, evidenciou-se associação entre o controle glicêmico inadequado e pessoas com dois [OR=0,3 (IC95% 0,13; 0,67)] ou três [OR=0,08 (IC95% 0,01; 0,70)] medicamentos prescritos.Conclusão: O controle glicêmico apresentou-se inadequado na maioria dos participantes. A monoterapia foi o tratamento mais frequente, embora, uma parcela considerável estudada usasse sulfonilureia em monoterapia, o que está em desacordo com as atuais diretrizes preconizadas para o tratamento do DM2.
Threshold Concepts in Medical Education
Authors: Randall Virginia , Brooks Robert , Montgomery Agnes , McNally Lauren
Published: August 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background - The theory of Threshold Concepts (TC) proposes that there are ideas necessary for a student to learn which enable them to think like a professional. Studies of TC in higher education have appeared since 2003. Studies in medical education are more recent. Method - We studied TC using a qualitative analysis approach (grounded theory and constant comparison) to produce a thematic analysis of 135 de-identified reflective practice essays from students in the pediatric clerkship at our medical school. Summary of results - Seven themes met our criteria for a threshold concept; transformative (ontological shift) and troublesome (causes angst). 2 TC in our students' work were identical with those found by authors from the UK ("Medicine isn't black and white," and "Sometimes there isn't a right answer,") 4 TC were similar and 2 were distinct. Discussion - Our findings suggest that there are some TC inherent (maybe essential) in personal and professional identify formation for a student moving from layperson to physician-hood, regardless of the setting of the medical school.
Quimioterapia Aerossolizada e Pressurizada Intraperitoneal (PIPAC) por monoportal: aplicação alternativa no controle das metástases peritoneais.
Authors: Seitenfus Rafael , Kalil Antonio Nocchi , de-Barros Eduardo Dipp , Fedrizzi Guilherme
Published: August 2018

RESUMO A carcinomatose peritoneal é a evolução natural das neoplasias gastrointestinais, ginecológicas e primárias do peritônio. Nos últimos anos, a carcinomatose passou a ser considerada uma doença confinada ao peritônio, e não mais uma doença disseminada. Desta forma, a associação de citorredução cirúrgica associada à quimioterapia intraperitoneal se tornou o ponto chave no controle das metástases peritoneais. Tradicionalmente, a quimioterapia intraperitoneal é aplicada utilizando soluções líquidas. Uma nova modalidade de infusão da quimioterapia na cavidade abdominal surge como uma alternativa ao método tradicional. A chamada PIPAC (Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy) transforma a solução terapêutica líquida em um spray aerossolizado, potencializando a distribuição e penetração da quimioterapia intraperitoneal. Este relato tem por objetivo descrever essa nova técnica cirúrgica inovadora, realizada pela primeira vez por um monoportal no Brasil, alterando a forma descrita originalmente para a aplicação da PIPAC.
Opções de tratamento cirúrgico em lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas: experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP.
Authors: Milcheski Dimas André , Mota Wellington Menezes , Lobato Rodolfo Costa , Monteiro Júnior Araldo Ayres , Gemperli Rolf
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência da Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no tratamento de lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas. Métodos: foram incluídos os pacientes com lesões por extravasamento de drogas num período de 18 meses. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados retrospectivamente: idade, diagnósticos durante internação e comorbidades, níveis séricos de albumina e hemoglobina, local de internação, droga envolvida, segmento anatômico acometido, conduta terapêutica e óbito durante internação. Resultados: foram acompanhados 14 pacientes. A principal droga envolvida foi a noradrenalina (21%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a desbridamento da necrose tecidual. Três pacientes foram submetidos a retalhos após preparo do leito com terapia por pressão negativa, com bons resultados. Sete pacientes não tiveram tratamento definitivo de suas lesões por falta de condições clínicas. Conclusão: o tratamento definitivo por meio de retalhos se mostrou adequado para os casos de feridas por extravasamento de drogas em tecido subcutâneo, quando há exposição de estruturas nobres, em pacientes com condições clínicas favoráveis.
Gestores de saúde e o enfrentamento da violência de gênero contra as mulheres: as políticas públicas e sua implementação em São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Batista Karina Barros Calife , Schraiber Lilia Blima , D’Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas
Published: August 2018

Resumo: Estudam-se as políticas de enfrentamento da violência contra as mulheres no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Os objetivos foram mapear as políticas públicas e as propostas de organização institucional de uma rede de atenção integral, assim como conhecer suas implementações nos serviços, com destaque ao setor de saúde, pelos relatos de gestores e formuladores da política, trabalhando-se a relação da prática da gestão com o enunciado nas políticas públicas, o peso dos valores e da perspectiva pessoal dos gestores e o peso do discurso socialmente dominante nas tomadas de decisão para a implementação destas políticas. A produção dos dados foi realizada por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 32 gestores operando em diferentes níveis da organização institucional da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, dentre eles alguns formuladores das políticas nos cenários estadual e nacional. A análise desse córpus de dados foi temática de conteúdo, examinando-se cada uma das entrevistas e relacionando-as com a literatura e referencial conceitual utilizado. Conclui-se que os gestores, como agentes de práticas, são influenciados pelas estruturas e crenças vigentes, pela referência ao contexto sociohistórico a que estão inseridos para tomadas de decisão de gestão. Porém, são também capazes de, ao relacionar-se com tais estruturas, interferir nas formas de produzir e ofertar cuidado às mulheres em situação de violência, em especial ao aproximarem-se de processos de formação e sensibilização e de novos referenciais acerca do reconhecimento dos direitos das mulheres como direitos humanos.
Individual- and state-level factors associated with functional limitation prevalence among Colombian elderly: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Ballesteros Silvia Marcela , Moreno-Montoya José
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the main regional factors associated with variations in the prevalence of functional limitation on the older adult in Colombia adjusted by individual characteristics. This multilevel study used cross-sectional data from 23,694 adults over 60 years of age in the SABE, Colombia nationwide survey. State-level factors (poverty, development, inequity, violence, health coverage, and access to improved water sources), as well as individual health related, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, were analyzed. The overall prevalence of functional impairment for the basic activities of daily living (ADL) was 22%. The presence of comorbidities, low educational level, physical inactivity, no participation in social groups, mistreatment and being over 75 years old were associated with functional limitation. At the group level, the analysis showed significant differences in the functional limitation prevalence across states, particularly regarding the socioeconomic status measured according to the Human Development Index (median OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.13-1.30; p = 0.011). This study provides evidence on the impact of socioeconomic variation across states on FL prevalence in the Colombian elderly once adjusted for individual characteristics. The findings of this study, through a multilevel approach methodology, provide information to effectively address the conditions that affect the functionality in this population through the identification and prioritization of public health care in groups with economic and health vulnerability.
Expressões da sexualidade e de gênero na injunção crime-loucura: engendramentos moralizantes no tratamento do paciente judiciário
Authors: Guimarães Willian , Paulon Simone Mainieri , Nardi Henrique Caetano
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a forma como as expressões da sexualidade e de gênero emergem nos trâmites judiciais que definem os destinos dos sujeitos na injunção crime-loucura. Para isso, explora os processos penais referentes às pessoas em sofrimento mental que cometeram crimes, os chamados pacientes judiciários, que recebem uma medida de segurança. Utilizando-se da genealogia como aporte metodológico, adentra-se nas condições de proveniência e de emergência do “anormal”, figura produzida e esquadrinhada pelo discurso médico-jurídico. Foram analisadas seis peças judiciais, focando principalmente os laudos psiquiátricos de pessoas não heterossexuais e/ou não cisgêneras que receberam uma medida de segurança. A análise do córpus indica que a base teórico-conceitual na qual se sustentam os pressupostos da medida de segurança se concentra no laudo psiquiátrico. A análise do discurso médico-jurídico aponta para uma valoração moral das expressões da sexualidade e de gênero do paciente judiciário considerado “desviante”. Por fim, sinalizam-se alternativas de produção de novos modelos de tratamento para o paciente judiciário, que buscam superar a ficção da presunção de periculosidade como base pretensamente científica, revisando a inimputabilidade como dispositivo jurídico que viola direitos inalienáveis dos sujeitos na injunção crime-loucura.
Aspectos do cenário atual da reabilitação profissional no Brasil: avanços e retrocessos
Authors: Miranda Cristiano Barreto de
Published: August 2018

A reabilitação profissional brasileira incorporou recentemente mudanças nas concepções e princípios que a regem, ampliou-se o conceito de incapacidade baseado no modelo biopsicossocial de saúde, como também adotou-se a abordagem territorial e práticas intersetoriais, com vistas a fornecer subsídios para a implementação de um modelo integrado e intersetorial de reabilitação profissional. Entretanto, esses avanços não adentraram o campo da prática e encontram-se ameaçados frente a atual conjuntura política do país. Este artigo discute o cenário atual do programa de reabilitação profissional do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), apresenta os avanços nos pressupostos teóricos que o norteiam e as preocupações que a reabilitação profissional enfrenta em virtude das recentes medidas que reforçam o caráter biomédico e de política compensatória que conduziu o programa ao longo dos anos, além de sinalizar uma eminente privatização desse serviço/direito previdenciário. Sugere-se que a reabilitação profissional vivencia um panorama de incertezas e preocupações, intensificado pelo processo de enfraquecimento institucional do INSS. Desse modo, as rápidas alterações realizadas na estrutura do INSS e no programa de reabilitação profissional prejudicaram as conquistas que fomentaram o início do desenvolvimento de um programa de reabilitação profissional integral e intersetorial, a fim de favorecer um retorno real e saudável ao trabalho.
Applicability of the Platelia EIA® Aspergillus test for the diagnosis of aspergilosis in penguins
Authors: Cabana A. L. , Xavier M. O. , Mendes J. F. , Teles A. J. , Martins A. M. , Silva-Filho R. P. , Meireles M. C. A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract Even today, an effective diagnostic test for aspergillosis in penguins is unknown, being the gold standard post-mortem examinations. The fungal antigen galactomannan (GM) has been used as a biomarker of disease in humans and is detected by the Platelia Aspergillus EIA (BioRad)®, a commercial kit based on the sandwich ELISA technique. It is standardized for use in neutropenic patients, however studies have demonstrated its usefulness also possible for birds. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Platelia Aspergillus EIA® test (BioRad-US) in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins, determining sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for different cut-off points. Were included in the study, blood serum samples (n = 29) Magellanic penguins in captivity that died by aspergillosis. Detection of GM was performed following manufacturer's instructions and the GM index was obtained by dividing the average value of OD of the duplicate of the clinical sample by duplicate OD of the average value of the cut-off sample provided by the kit. Through information database results were obtained for the presence of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for all serum samples. Results were analyzed using chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis from SPSS 20.0, IBM®. ROC curve was obtained and from this, rates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also calculated based on four different cutoff points (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The serum GM index did not differ between animals of the case and control group (pkw =0.097). In determining the ROC curve for serum GM detection the value of area under the curve was 0.635. From the values determined by the coordinate of the curve, four different cut points (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) were analyzed, resulting in sensitivity rates ranging from 86.2 to 34.5% % and specificity between 87% and 26.1%. By comparing the serum GM index in group case as the presence or absence of antibodies detected by AGID was found p=0.503. The detection of GM the Platelia Aspergillus EIA® test seems is not be useful for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in naturally infected penguins.
Feeding activity of the cayenne pompano Trachinotus cayennensis (Cuvier 1832) (Perciformes, Carangidae) in estuaries on the western coast of the state of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Castro A. C. L. , Azevedo J. W. J. , Ferreira H. R. S. , Soares L. S. , Pinheiro-Júnior J. R. , Smith L. M. R. , Silva M. H. L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract The present paper addresses the feeding activity of Trachinotus cayennensis, collected in Lençóis Bay (1°18’S – 1°19’S; 44°51’W – 44°53’W) on the western coast of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Sampling was conducted between June 2012 and June 2013 using driftnets with stretch mesh sizes from 95 to 100 mm. A total of 205 individuals (114 females and 91 males) were analyzed. Statistically significant differences in the sex ratio were found in June, September and December 2012. Food items were analyzed based on frequency of occurrence and volumetric method, with the subsequent calculation of the alimentary importance index. Three size groups were defined to determine possible ontogenetic changes in eating habits based on the size range of the individuals collected: I (˂ 29 cm), II (29.1 to 37.0) and III (≥ 37.1). Eleven food item categories were identified: mollusks, polychaetes, crustaceans, nematodes, insects, algae, bryozoans, ophiuroids, fishes, vegetal matter and sediments. The variety of items in the diet of T. cayennensis indicates considerable feeding plasticity and opportunistic behavior. Seasonal variations influenced the feeding pattern of the species, with greater feeding activity in the dry season. The considerable availability of resources in estuarine habitats of the western coast of Maranhão constitutes another factor that influences the feeding behavior of this species.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) versus 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for head and neck cancer: cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Marta Gustavo Nader , Weltman Eduardo , Ferrigno Robson
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: A cost-effectiveness analysis of IMRT compared to 3D-CRT for head and neck cancer patients (HNCPs) was conducted in the Brazilian Public Health System. METHODS: A Markov model was used to simulate radiation therapy-induced dysphagia and xerostomia in HNCPs. Data from the PARSPORT trial and the quality-of-life study were used as parameters. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained were calculated. RESULTS: At 2 years, IMRT was associated with an incremental benefit of 0.16 QALYs gained per person, resulting in an ICER of BRL 31,579 per QALY gained. IMRT was considered cost-effective when using the guideline proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) of three times the national gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (BRL 72,195). Regarding life expectancy (15 years), the incremental benefit of IMRT was 1.16 QALYs gained per person, with an ICER of BRL 4,341. IMRT was also cost-effective using the WHO definition, which states that the maximum cost is equal to the GDP per capita (BRL 24,065). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT was considered cost-effective from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system.
The effect of hemodialysis on the body composition and cardiovascular disease markers in recently diagnosed end stage renal disease patients
Authors: Cakiroglu Umut , Akdam Hakan , Eryilmaz Ufuk , Akgullu Cagdas , Ozbek Ozgul , Büyüköztürk Aslihan Karul , Akar Harun , Yenicerioglu Yavuz
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY AIM: Uremic toxins and excess fluid contributes to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. We aimed to determine the body fluid status in patients who are just starting hemodialysis (HD) and to determine the effects of excess fluid removed by HD on the CV system. METHODS: A total of 52 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who had just started HD were included. Before the HD, the left atrial diameter was measured, the volumes were calculated, the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AIx) were measured, the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was performed, the blood was taken for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). When patients reached their dry weight with HD, the same measurements were repeated. RESULTS: Measurements were made to determine the volume status, and all parameters except the fat tissue index decreased significantly after HD. With the removal of fluid by HD, there was an average weight reduction of 4.38 kilograms. Positive correlations between PWV and age and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) before HD were determined. Negative correlations were found between PWV and lean tissue mass (LTM) and intracellular water (ICW) before HD. At the end of the last HD, PWV was positively correlated with age, CTR, central pulse pressure Correlation between pulse wave velocity and LTI was negative CONCLUSIONS: HD significantly improves PWV in patients reaching dry weight. Reduction of fluid excess by ultrafiltration in HD patients may reduce CV mortality by reducing arterial stiffness.
Equidade na cobertura dos gastos com saúde pelo Sistema Único de Saúde de pessoas com indicativos de transtornos mentais comuns no município de São Paulo
Authors: Ribeiro Melck Kelly Piastrelli , Gianini Reinaldo José , Goldbaum Moisés , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: Introdução: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a equidade na cobertura/complementação dos gastos com saúde pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de pessoas com indicativos de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), no ano de 2008, no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal a partir dos dados do Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo de 2008 (ISA-Capital 2008). Os sujeitos incluídos na pesquisa tinham 16 anos de idade ou mais e indicativos de TMC, avaliados por meio do instrumento Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foram analisados: a procura pelo SUS, a cobertura dos gastos com saúde pelo SUS e os gastos com saúde no último mês, correlacionando-os com aspectos sociodemográficos e de condições de saúde. Resultados: A procura pelo SUS foi menor entre as pessoas de cor branca, renda per capita elevada, com união estável e Ensino Superior. A cobertura pelo SUS foi menor entre as faixas etárias de 45 a 59 anos e de 60 anos ou mais, com renda per capita elevada, Ensino Médio ou Técnico e Ensino Superior. As pessoas que gastaram mais com a saúde da família foram aquelas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de cor branca, renda per capita mais elevada, com união estável e Ensino Superior. Conclusões: Foi observado que o SUS atende e cobre os gastos majoritariamente daqueles com renda per capita e escolaridade mais baixas, denotando uma cobertura desigual que favorece os mais necessitados. Porém, considerando o fator idade, ficou explícita uma situação de iniquidade, pois foi constatada maior cobertura dos gastos em saúde pelo SUS para a população mais jovem.
Vectoelectronystagmography in children with dyslexia and learning disorder
Authors: Romero Ana Carla Leite , Stenico Mariana Banzato , Oliveira Letícia Sampaio de , Franco Eloisa Sartori , Capellini Simone Aparecida , Frizzo Ana Claudia Figueiredo
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and compare the results of ocular (saccadic, screening, and optokinetic) tests of vectoelectronystagmography among the groups with dyslexia, learning disorder and control. Methods: 28 male and female students aged 8 to 11 years participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: Group I, 10 students with dyslexia, Group II, 9 students with learning disorders and Group III, 9 students with no learning disorders. In this research, digital vectoelectronystagmography - ocular test - was performed. Results: saccadic movement, optokinetic nystagmus, and pendular tracking tests were found to show subtle differences among the three groups. Comparing the saccadic eye movements and the optokinetic nystagmus tests, it was observed that the movement in the left eye was slower for Group I, and even slower for Group II. It was also observed that GI and GII were slower for the pendular tracking of luminous stimulus in relation to the control group. Conclusion: in general, there are differences among the groups in the vectoelectronystagmography, which indicated slower tracking and vestibulo-ocular reflex in children with dyslexia and learning disorders.
Pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety levels in individuals with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Daher Carla Raquel de Melo , Cunha Larissa Fernandes da , Ferreira Ana Paula de Lima , Souza Ana Izabela Sobral de Oliveira , Rêgo Tiago Albuquerque Maranhão , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de , Silva Hilton Justino da
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the pressure pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety levels of individuals with different types of chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: a controlled, observational and cross-sectional study. TMD diagnosis followed the Research Diagnostic Criteria and the volunteers were divided into three groups: A-Muscular Disorder (n = 15), B- Articular Disorder (n = 10) and C- Control Group (n = 15). Evaluation was performed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Visual Analog Scale, Algometry and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The significance level for all tests was 5%. Results: lower threshold of pain was seen in the masticatory and cervical musculature within groups A and B. However, when TMD groups were compared to the control group, only a statistically significant difference in the pain threshold of the masticatory muscle and the trapezius muscle was found. Groups A and B presented poor sleep quality, showing a statistical difference when compared to the control group. Additionally, it was observed that patients in the groups with TMD presented anxiety, while those in the control group, did not present it. Conclusion: individuals presented with TMD show lower levels of pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety, as compared to healthy subjects. These results do not depend on the type of disorder presented.
Physiological methods as indexes of listening effort measurement: an integrative literature review
Authors: Guijo Laura Mochiatti , Cardoso Ana Cláudia Vieira
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Purpose: to review the scientific literature and present existing instruments and methods for the objective assessment of the listening effort in normal hearing individuals worldwide. Methods: a literature integrative review whose purpose was to gather and summarize the scientific knowledge regarding the objective methods theme for measuring the listening effort, developed through the search of articles in specialized national and international journals, in the English and Portuguese languages, available in the databases: PUBMED, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SCIELO. Results: 18 articles which used physiological methods to measure the listening effort in individuals with normal hearing were reviewed. The main findings described in those articles refer to the author(s) and purpose(s) of the research, country where the research was conducted, casuistry, physiological method used and results. Conclusion: there is no consensus among the researchers about the best physiological method to measure this parameter, that is, this effort in the speech perception tasks, although the level of skin conductance is considered the most accurate measure to date.
O letramento acadêmico de estudantes “não tradicionais” em cursos superiores tecnológicos: avaliando uma experiência de mediação pedagógica
Authors: Egito Niedja Balbino do , Silveira Maria Inez Matoso
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla que avalia uma experiência de mediação pedagógica para o letramento acadêmico de alunos considerados “não tradicionais” dos cursos superiores tecnológicos de institutos federais. Neste recorte, apresentamos os resultados obtidos por meio de testes de compreensão leitora, protocolos interacionais, diários dialogados e questionário final. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que uma mediação, baseada nos conceitos de metacognição defendidos por Flavell (1979) e Brown (1987), pode ajudar a remediar problemas de leitura desses alunos, evitando a evasão nesses cursos.
Dimensões “escondidas” da internacionalização do ensino superior
Authors: Nogueira Nara Nília Marques
Published: August 2018

RESUMO A internacionalização, no que se refere às agendas institucionais, não tem mais sido considerada uma opção, senão uma realidade (GACEL-ÁVILA, 2007; KNIGHT, 2004; STALLIVIERI, 2009). A partir de uma interpretação mais ampla das dimensões “escondidas” da escrita de artigos acadêmicos (STREET, 2010), derivada de estudos em letramentos acadêmicos (LEA; STREET, 1998), propomos que há, similarmente, dimensões dos processos de internacionalização que ficam costumeiramente “escondidas”. O objetivo deste artigo é identificá-las. Os resultados indicam que há dimensões “escondidas”, em sua maioria, relacionadas a práticas de letramento acadêmico, e que categorizamos em quatro grandes grupos: escrita da internacionalização, publicação, uso do inglês e demandas institucionais versus tempo.
Detection and evaluation of selection signatures in sheep
Authors: Paim Tiago do Prado , Ianella Patrícia , Paiva Samuel Rezende , Caetano Alexandre Rodrigues , Pimentel Concepta Margaret McManus
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The recent development of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays made it possible to carry out several studies with different species. The selection process can increase or reduce allelic (or genic) frequencies at specific loci in the genome, besides dragging neighboring alleles in the chromosome. This way, genomic regions with increased frequencies of specific alleles are formed, caracterizing selection signatures or selective sweeps. The detection of these signatures is important to characterize genetic resources, as well as to identify genes or regions involved in the control and expression of important production and economic traits. Sheep are an important species for theses studies as they are dispersed worldwide and have great phenotypic diversity. Due to the large amounts of genomic data generated, specific statistical methods and softwares are necessary for the detection of selection signatures. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to address the main statistical methods and softwares currently used for the analysis of genomic data and the identification of selection signatures; to describe the results of recent works published on selection signatures in sheep; and to discuss some challenges and opportunities in this research field.