bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
24.4: High Performance Top‐gate Self‐aligned Coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs with Light Shielding Metal Design
Authors: Song Zhen , Wang Guoying , Chen Jiangbo , Gu Pengfei , Liu Fengjuan , Xie Dini , Liu Wei , Sun Hongda , Song Young Suk , Yan Liangchen , Wu Zhongyuan
Published: November 2018

The TG‐SA a‐IGZO TFTs with different light shielding metal (SM) layers design were demonstrated and compared in this paper. Their electrical characteristics have been measured in order to systematically analyze the effect that the SMs ever made on. The relationship between device instability and different SMs design have been systematically analyzed. Then the prototype 14″ OLED display with an excellent performance using TG‐SA a‐IGZO TFTs backplane have been made successfully, which indicates an excellent mass‐production prospect.
28.1: Invited Paper: A‐Si TED Technology for Automotive Applications
Authors: Dai Wenjun , Wang Meilin , Yang Longwei , Tian Fan , Li Xiongping
Published: November 2018

Several a‐Si TED LCM products were developed for automotive application. In this paper, verifications are reviewed according to automotive requirements. The results show that a‐Si TED technology can be applied in automotive LCM products by appropriate technical schemes used.
31.2: High PPI Micro‐LED Display Based on PWM Technology
Authors: Chu Chen-Hsien , Wu Frank , Sun Stan
Published: November 2018

Micro‐LED is well known for the backlights to liquid crystal displays with proven high luminous efficiency, low cost, and long lifetime. As technology progresses, LED became small enough as a self‐emissive display pixel. Compared to conventional LCD and OLED, Micro‐LED renders higher contrast ratio, brighter, and much faster response time. The technology consists of LED epitaxy, LED chip process, LED transfer process, silicon backplane electronics, and driver systems.
31.5: Invited Paper: Colloidal Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Lin Chien-chung
Published: November 2018

Since its first introduction, the colloidal quantum dot has shown great progress in terms of emission and absorption efficiency. To apply these nanocrystals in the optoelectronic devices, we adapt the hybrid method to better utilize the advantages of the semiconductor device and the quantum dot. In this talk, we will review the development of our hybrid integration of such novel material in the solar cells and light emitting diodes.
34.2: LED Exterior Signage for Autonomous Cars
Authors: Krause Marcel , Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: November 2018

Autonomous cars should visualize its status like “autonomous mode” for the following car. But also at pedestrian crossings an icon “pedestrian identified” is helpful. We have developed a model car with two RGB LED matrix displays including sensors and cloud computing and evaluated successfully text, icons and animations.
36.1: Development of CCT Tunable White LEDs for Circadian Lighting
Authors: Liu Jay Guoxu , Shen Chongyu , Shi Jianqing , Moon SJ , Sun Guoxi
Published: November 2018

With the color tunable nature of LED technology, luminaires now can change their spectral power distribution (SPD) to meet human centric lighting needs. These luminaires offer benefits that are not available by normal light sources, including adjustable to human circadian rhythm, improved health and well‐being, increased productivity, and enhanced mood or alertness. This paper presents a white‐tunable LED developed by combining white LED CSPs and blue LED chips on a COB package to achieve continuous CCT‐tuning from 5700K to 2700K. This configuration offers high power density, high color rendering, and good color uniformity comparing to other white tunable LEDs on the market.
38.2: Invited Paper: A New Full Screen Flexible AMOLED Solution with Fingerprint
Authors: Zhou Wei-Feng , Chen Li-Qiang , Sun Yan-Liu , Shi Ling , Liu Zheng , Guan Feng , Wang David
Published: November 2018

A mapis matrix has been integrated in the back plane of flexible AMOLED to form a high performance light path for the fingerprint sensor. Mapis fingerprint shows reasonable optical image properties and reliabilities.
40.1: Invited Paper: Recent Development on Flexible Touch Sensor for Flexible AMOLED Display
Authors: Chen Jianping , Qiao Guizhou , Li Weiguo , Zhu Shengzu
Published: November 2018

Recently, flexible AMOLED display has attracted a quite attention, owing to OLED's inherent flexibility that LCD display can't match. To better realize flexible AMOLED display applications, for examples, in flexible smartphone and flexible tablet, there is a need to develop the corresponding flexible touch sensor technology.

In this presentation, we will review key technical requirements for flexible touch sensor, including the choice of transparent conductive films, patterning process, folding ability, etc., and will present our latest development on flexible and foldable touch sensors, that possess the following characteristics, the out‐folding ability of 100,000 times at a coverture of 3mm, touch accuracy, touch sensitivity, and touch linearity. And moreover, we will present the results of the touch sensor‐integrated flexible and foldable AMOLED display.
40.4: New generation of capacitive Sensors of EELY—Out cell and On cell
Authors: Li Kylin
Published: November 2018

This article mainly introduces the manufacturing process and product features of EELY's new generation OUT or ON Cell GF2 capacitor sensor, and emphasizes the comparison with other structural products. It can not only optimize the process to improve the yield, but also greatly reduce the cost of the enterprise.
41.1: Invited Paper: Monocular Augmented Reality Display Innovation
Authors: OKUMURA Haruhiko , SASAKI Takashi , HOTTA Aira
Published: November 2018

As one of the past innovative display technologies, our developed Level Adaptive Overdrive Technology, that has improved gray‐level response of LCDs, has been reviewed. As one of the next generation innovative technologies, we developed a novel monocular hyper‐ realistic Head‐Dome Projector: MHDP for an amusement application and a novel monocular windshield augmented reality projector: WARP for AR and head‐up display(HUD) applications. They use monocular vision that eliminates the depth cues caused by binocular parallax information. Our developed MHDP and WARP system achieved a high hyper‐reality performance with free depth perception and high visibility.
41.4: Real time environment monitor with Augmented Reality device based on android system
Authors: Jia Huizhong , Yang Bolin , Song Chao , Shen Yuliang
Published: November 2018

In order to monitor any thermal environment variations, specifically with variation of temperature, an augmented reality (AR) device based on android system has been designed for mass production. Dual on‐device cameras have been implemented. One is the normal camera with 13 M resolution; the other is a thermal camera with the resolution of 80*60. With such real time function, the AR device could be applied in different industry area such as industrial inspection and maintenance, fire detection, intelligent aquaculture, and intelligent medical treatment. By the help of real time thermal data, the user could obtain the real time temperature variations in the dedicated environment. These data could be sent to the center work station device for history analysis via wireless connections with WIFI and Bluetooth.
42.1: Invited Paper: Fully transparent conformal organic thin‐film transistor array and its application as LED front driving
Authors: Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: November 2018

Fully transparent conformal thin‐film transistor (TFT) array, that enables adherence onto the flat and curved surfaces without affecting original visual appearance, is the fundamental unit for next‐generation “see‐through” electronics such as transparent displays for car windscreens, LED front driving, and conformal biological devices. Realization of these functions faces one key challenge that requires the development of all components consisting of TFT with excellent flexibility and visual transparency. Organic semiconductor is promising candidate as the active material of transparent conformal transistors because of its advantages in light weight, flexibility, and tunable optoelectronic properties. Until now, however, the colorless fully transparent conformal organic TFT array has not been reported.

Here, fully transparent conformal organic TFT array is demonstrated based on the photolithography‐compatible metallic grid gate electrode and the solution‐processed C8‐BTBT film. The resulting TET array exhibits high optical transparency of >80% over the visible spectrum, mobility of 2 cm2V−1s−1, on/off ratio of 105–106, switching current of >0.1 mA, and excellent light stability. The transparent conformal transistor array is demonstrated to well adhere onto the flat and curved LEDs as front driving. These results present promising applications of the solution‐processed wide‐bandgap organic semiconductor thin films in transparent conformal active‐matrix displays.
43.2: Low Surface Roughness Transparent Conductive Electrode for QLED Applications
Authors: Chen Xiaolian , Guo Wenrui , Xie Liming , Zhuang Jinyong , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng
Published: November 2018

Ag/Ni metal‐mesh transparent conductive electrodes(TCE) with low surface roughness of 0.17 nm has been proposed. The fabricated Ag/Ni metal‐mesh TCE has a low sheet resistance of 2.1 Ω/□ and a high transmittance of 88.6%. Ag/Ni metal‐mesh TCE shows outstanding mechanical flexibility and environmental stability at high temperature and humidity. Using the polished Ag/Ni metal‐mesh TCE, a flexible quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLED) was fabricated with the efficiency of 10.4 cd/A and 3.2 lm/W at 1000 cd/m2.
46.1: Design of Full‐color Multi‐plane Augmented Reality Display with PSLC Scattering Shutters
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Li Yan , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Quanming , Li Sida , Wang Yunfen , Liu Yueda , Su Yikai
Published: November 2018

A full‐color optical‐see‐through head mounted display (HMD) with polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) scattering shutters for augmented display was proposed. Three LEDs (RGB) and a DMD were used to achieve the quasi‐collimated projection image. Our system solves the accommodation‐vergence conflict with accurate depth cues.
P‐1.6: Effect of Deposition Condition of Passivation Layer on the Performance of Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate a‐IGZO TFTs
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Deng Xuan , Yang Huan , Zhang Letao , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we fabricated self‐aligned top‐gate (SATG) amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The conductive source/drain regions were formed by hydrogen incorporation during the deposition of SiOx or SiNx passivation layer using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The effect of passivation layer deposition condition on the electrical performance of self‐aligned top‐gate a‐IGZO TFTs was investigated. It was shown that the source‐drain parasitic resistance (Rsd) was effectively reduced during the deposition of SiNx passivation layer than SiOx. However, as the deposition temperature of SiNx passivation layer increased, hydrogen lateral diffusion into channel region resulted in the shrinkage of effective channel length and the deterioration of electrical performance of short‐channel device.
P‐3.2: Augmented Reality Display Based on Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Combiner
Authors: Chen Quanming , Li Yan , Liu Shuxin , Zhou Pengcheng , Li Sida , Wang Yunfeng , Liu Yueda , Su Yikai
Published: November 2018

We proposed the use of polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS‐BPLC) as an optical‐see‐through combiner for augmented reality applications. The PS‐BPLC film has good polarization selectivity and wavelength selectivity, and thus could achieve high reflectance for virtual image light and high transparency for the real‐world.
P‐5.2: A gate driver circuit with a‐IGZO TFTs for a 15‐inch AMOLED display
Authors: Xue Yan , Han Baixiang , Zhang Liuqi , Nie Chenglei , Chaw Gary , Liao Congwei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

A depletion‐mode amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film‐transistor (a‐IGZO TFT) gate driver on array (GOA) integrated circuit has been proposed and fabricated for a 15‐inch active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display in this work. The depletion‐mode a‐IGZO TFTs were turned off completely due to series‐connected two‐transistor structure and dual low‐voltage‐level power signal. For this reason, the window of Vth shift margin was wide with margin value from −5V to +10V by Spice simulation. Additionally, the proposed GOA circuit exhibited stable high‐voltage output pulse. Subsequently, GOA circuit was placed in a 15‐inch AMOLED display and the performance of the proposed circuit was confirmed.
P‐6.2: Recent Development on CI Layer Film Deposition Residue Debug
Authors: Yang Yihui , Sun Xiaoqi , Xu Zhenqi , Zang Yu , Chen Hao , Wei Bo , Cheng Baolong
Published: November 2018

As the Capacitor insulation, the quality of CI film plays an important role in the drive circuit. However, the traditional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method can cause broken particle and film. It may further result in the leakage of capacitor and VDD signal writing to drive TFT grid may caused the dark spot. As a result of greatly reducing the particle during CI layer thin film deposition by delaying special gas，the risk of product yield loss and reliability reduction which the residual film may cause has been decreased.
P‐6.3: Graphics process difficult overcoming in high PPI Product of AMOLED
Authors: Huchao
Published: November 2018

As the request for high PPI is stricter and stricter, The demand for the line width and overlay accuracy of graph in array is higher and higher.

We analyze mainly in this document the factors that influence the graph resolution, and illustrated the key point to promote the eq uipment processing ability by mask OPC and equipment optimization for improving high PPI graph manufacturing.
P‐6.5: Advanced Black Matrix Photoresist for Next Generation Color Filters
Authors: Cai-Ping Luo , Lin Wen-Fu , Hsu Ming-Ann
Published: November 2018

A new black matrix photoresist was formulated to achieve high Optical Density (OD 4.0∼4.2/um), high resolution ((line width ≤5μm), high surface resistance (> 1 × 1014Ω / □), and high taper angle (> 70 °) performance. Extremely low exposure dose energy (<50mJ/cm2) also enables high throughput for volume manufacturing large area color filters. This new black photoresist has high potential to be used for 8K UHDTV and related applications.
P‐9.6: Ultrathin Indium selenide (In2Se3) thin films and field‐effect transistors for active matrix addressable Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Wang Heshen , Liu Qiye , Feng Xuemeng , Deng Aiying , Dai Junfeng , Liu Zhaojun
Published: November 2018

At present, micro‐LED display, which inherit the high efficiency, the high Brightness, high reliability of OLED display, is one of the hottest and the most promising display techniques.i,ii,iii,iv The Indium selenide (In2Se3) based transistor which possess a high gain and a short response times not only broader the potential applications in photo detector, but also provides a platform for high performance active addressing drive circuits of Micro‐LED displays. Here we reported an ultrathinIn2Se3 thin film on silicon wafer and its fabrication process for field‐effect transistors.

The In2Se3 flakes was exfoliated by Scotch tape and then transferred to a SiO2/Si substrate to fabricate field‐effect transistors (FETs). Fig. 1 (a) shows the model of the devices are fabricated using cleaved In2Se3 nanosheets on SiO2/Si substrates with the highly doped Si substrate used as the gate electrode. The Cr/Au was used as source/drain electrodes for the devices.
P‐10.2: The Influences of PECVD Deposition SiNx on the Thin Film Encapsulation Performance
Authors: Liu Shengfang , Li Xueyuan , Zhu Ping , Huang Ying , Gao Xiaoyu , Huang Xiuqi
Published: November 2018

Low‐temperature PECVD technology was used to fabricated inorganic layer in thin film encapsulation for AMOLED display. We systematically obtained SiNx films in different RF power. Stress and refractive index was characterized and analyzed to study the film performance. The results shows that different RF power leads to different film stress, and well‐designed stress‐matched multilayer SiNx will highly improve the TFE reliability. Furthermore, the RA life time (60 °C, 90% RH) of OLED displays with new multilayer SiNx inorganic layer TFE structure has been sharply increased from 240hours to 480hours.
P‐12.1: Tunable Dammann Grating Based on Patterned Photoalignment
Authors: Zhao C.X. , Fan F. , Shi L.Y. , Srivastava A.K. , Chigrinov V.G. , Kwok H.S.
Published: November 2018

A tunable spatial light modulator, dammann grating, based on patterned photoalignment is demonstrated in this paper. Key to the fabrication of it, which is photo‐aligned with azo‐type material, is the ability of the material to be rewritable, i.e. it usually realigns upon rewriting. By adjusting electrical field, the grating can be switched between diffractive state showing 7 by 7 optical spots array and non‐diffractive state. Because of its diffractive property, it can be used in many optical applications such as optical communication, beam shaping, optical imaging and transparent displays.
P‐12.3: The investigation of improvement transmittance with PSVA LC curing method in curved design structure
Authors: Ren Wei , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Song Yan-Jun , Zhao Yong-Chao , Zhao Ren-Tang , Li Xiang , Zhang Yu , Yuan Chun-Ge , Yuan Fu , Lin His-Chien
Published: November 2018

This work investigation a UV Curing mode and driving mode for PS‐VA transimittance analysis. At the Data BM less (DBS) design structure in curved LCD application and development,Afer voltage signal curing method ,it impact LC pretilt angle and dark line,transmittace in this paper. we build a module cell of LC alignment at the elecltic,this paper improving the optical perfornance at the DBS TFT Design , the best curing voltage signs fine tuning at this DBS TFT for Curved LCD
P‐14.1: Highly Polarized Aligned Quantum Rods Fluorescent Film Based on Contact Ink‐Jet Printing Method
Authors: Zhou Z. M. , Zhang C. J. , Teo K. L. , Wang K. , Sun X. W.
Published: November 2018

In recent years, fluorescent quantum rods (QRs) receive much attention because of their properties of emitting specific wavelength polarized light with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). Therefore, QRs are usually aligned on devices, such as light emitting diodes, laser, and liquid crystal display (LCD), as a polarizer. In order to emit the light with a high degree of polarization (DOP), QRs need to be controlled and aligned almost along one direction on large‐scaled devices. However, most of the proposed effective alignment approaches cannot be applied to a large area. Hence, we firstly propose the contact ink‐jet printing (CIJP) method to align CdSe/CdS core/shell QRs. With the ink being printed, the QRs can move driven by ink flowing. Eventually, the QRs will be aligned along the printed trajectories and become a film with DOP of more than 40%. Furthermore, CIJP can realize arbitrarily large area fabrication without reducing DOP value. In the future, this method can be utilized to print on large‐scaled substrates directly to fabricate polarized optoelectronic devices, and further applied to LCD backlights and optical lenses.
13.1: Invited Paper: Single‐Photon‐Capable Detector Arrays in CMOS—Exploring a New Tool for Display Metrology
Authors: Underwood Ian , Mai Hanning , Al-Abbas Tarek , Gyongy Istvan , Dutton Neale A.W. , Henderson Robert K.
Published: November 2018

The technology of CMOS‐compatible Single Photon Avalanche Diodes is evolving rapidly and has matured to the point at which it can address the requirements of a range of imaging applications. In this report we consider the current suitability and future potential of CMOS‐compatible Single Photon Avalanche Diodes to address the particular application of display metrology.
Nickel Boride Mediated Chemoselective Reduction of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates to Corresponding Aryl Hydrazines and Aryl Amines at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Bartwal Gaurav , Saroha Mohit , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: November 2018

An efficient method has been reported for the chemoselective reduction of aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates to corresponding hydrazines or anilines with nickel boride generated in situ from nickel chloride and sodium borohydride at room temperature using 1:1:3 or 1:2:6 molar ratio of substrate : NiCl2 : NaBH4. The aryl amines are obtained by in situ reduction of aryl hydrazines formed initially. Halo, carboxy, carboethoxy and methoxy groups remain unaffected under these conditions. Mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up and chemoselectivity are major advantages of this new procedure.
Effect of Dendritic Cu–In Alloy on Cr(VI) Reduction Synthesized via Pulsed Electrodeposition
Authors: Sivaranjani Thirugnanasambandan , Revathy Thirugalathi Anbalagan , Dhanavel Saminathan , Dhanapal Kumaresan , Narayanan Vengidusamy , Stephen Arumainathan
Published: November 2018

Blending of two or more elements to form an alloy, offers way for the innovation of new materials with desirable characteristics which are indeed essential in this digital era of science. In this context, a noticeable copper‐indium (Cu−In) alloy is synthesized via pulsed electrodeposition (PED) and the catalytic performance of the alloy is evaluated by its conversion efficiency of chromium(VI) to less‐toxic chromium(III). From the XRD studies, as‐deposited Cu−In alloys show the presence of dual phases. The electron microgram reveals the dendritic formation. XPS and EDX analyses confirm the presence of copper and indium in the sample and elemental composition which is ascertained from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Heat treatment of the alloy upto 350 °C reveals the phase transformation to cubic Cu9In4 phase at 320 °C. Heavy metals are of great threat to health and should be removed from the waste water thereby prohibiting them from mixing in lakes and sea. From Cr(VI) reduction studies using Cu−In alloys prepared from various bath composition, the sample Cu−In synthesized from Cu60:In40 bath composition shows higher catalytic activity with a rate constant of 3.5 ms−1.
Preparation of Ce–Mn/Fe2O3 Catalysts for Steam Catalytic Cracking of Coal Tar
Authors: Yao Demeng , Wang Dechao , Jin Lijun , Li Yang , Yang He , Wang Tingting , Hu Haoquan
Published: November 2018

Steam catalytic cracking is an alternative method to produce light tar fractions from coal tar. In this study, Mn−Ce modified Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, and used for steam catalytic cracking of coal tar in a fixed‐bed reactor at 550 °C and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the catalyst Fe80Mn15Ce5 (Fe/Mn/Ce mole ratio 80/15/5) exhibits the best performance in terms of highest light tar yield being 67.6 wt.%. Moreover, the decrease of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) can further increase the pitch conversion and the light tar content. As a result, when the WHSV is 0.65 h−1, the light tar yield reaches 71.6 wt.% on Fe80Mn15Ce5. The structural variations of catalysts were characterized by several analytical techniques to reveal the improved catalytic performance. It is shown that the impregnation of MnOx improves the structural stability of Fe2O3 due to the formation of Fe−Mn solid solution, while the load of CeOx activates lattice oxygen. As a result, more active oxygen species generating from steam dissociation can participate in the catalytic upgrading of coal tar.
Selective and Green Sulfoxidation in Water using a New Chitosan Supported Mo(VI) Complex as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Ahmed Kabirun , Saikia Gangutri , Begum Pakiza , Gogoi Sandhya Rani , Sharma Mitu , Talukdar Hiya , Islam Nashreen S.
Published: November 2018

Immobilization of oxo‐peroxo molybdenum(VI) species on natural biopolymer, chitosan led to the development of a new heterogeneous catalyst which displayed excellent activity, stability and chemoselectivity for the oxidation of a wide variety of sulfides to the respective sulfoxides by H2O2 in water, at ambient temperature. The catalyst has been comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies (FTIR, Raman, solid‐state 13C NMR and diffuse reflectance UV‐Vis), PXRD, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), SEM, EDX and TGA‐DTG analysis. The density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to study the structure of the synthesized chitosan peroxomolybdenum complex (PMoCh). In addition to water, the catalyst is also highly compatible with a variety of safer organic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile. Apart from being high yielding and operationally simple, the developed catalytic protocol is environmentally clean and safe as it is absolutely free from halogenated organic solvent. Other significant green attributes of the methodology include its ready scalability, high H2O2 efficiency and easy recyclability of the catalyst for several catalytic cycles with consistent activity/selectivity profile.
A Facile Synthesis of C‐N Hollow Nanotubes as High Electroactivity Catalysts of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Derived from Dicyandiamide
Authors: Yu Liang , Yi Qingfeng , Yang Xiaokun , Li Guang
Published: November 2018

Development of N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a hollow structure is extremely important for its application to electrochemical catalysis and energy storage. Here we demonstrate a facile synthesis of N‐doped CNTs from direct pyrolysis of a mixture of nickel salt (or nickel / cobalt salts), glucose and dicyandiamide, in which both the N‐doping process and the synthesis of carbon nanotubes are completed. The resulting hybrid N−C composites with high N doping contents show an emblematic tubular morphological structure revealing a hollow interior. Nickel salt is found to be an essential growth catalyst of these N‐doped CNTs and the as‐obtained tubular structure is about 27 nm in diameter in the presence of nickel and cobalt salts. All the as‐prepared catalysts display a comparable onset potential and high current density for ORR compared to Pt/C both in acidic and in alkaline media. Ni−Co/C−N‐HT catalyst even displays an extremely high ORR limiting current density of 7.17 mA cm ‐2@1600 rpm in acidic media, which is more than 1.3 times larger than the Pt/C. ORR in acidic solution takes place via a four‐electron mechanism. And for most of the catalysts a four‐electron mechanism of ORR in alkaline medium also prevails over a two‐electron mechanism.
Combustion Studies of 4‐Nitramino‐1,2,4‐Triazole (4‐NRTZ) and Its Salts: High Impulse Nitrogenous Fuels for Propellant Composite Materials
Authors: Sasidharan Nimesh , Kumar A. Sudheer , Hng Huey Hoon
Published: November 2018

The nitrogenous salts of 4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazole (4‐NRTZ, 2), namely ammonium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (Amm‐4‐NRTZ, 3), hydrazinium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (Hy‐4‐NRTZ, 4) and hydroxylammonium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (HyAm‐4‐NRTZ, 5) were synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic (FTIR, FT‐Raman, NMR) methods and their structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. The salts (3‐5) prepared in good yields showed good thermal stabilities and positive heat of formation. Ordered packing in lattice proved the better insensitivity of 3 & 5 towards IS, FS and ESD. Compounds 2 & 5 were further studied for its pressure generating capability inside a constant volume combustion chamber. Pressure‐time (P‐t) traces as well as dp/dt analysis revealed compound 5 has good gas generating capability. Theoretical predictions on the ballistic parameters in comparison with known compounds substantiate the potential of 5 as a strong candidate in propellant/gas generating composite materials.
Dual Role of N‐Bromosuccinimide as Oxidant and Succinimide Surrogate in Domino One‐Pot Oxidative Amination of Benzyl Alcohols for the Synthesis of α–Imido Ketones
Authors: Muneeswara Madithedu , Muthukumar Alagesan , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: November 2018

A transition‐metal‐free oxidative amination of secondary benzyl alcohols has been developed using N‐bromosuccinimide as the oxidant and source of succinimide. The control experiments revealed that the transformation underwent via oxidation of alcohol to ketone, α‐bromination of ketone and diazabicyclo[5.4.1]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) base‐mediated nucleophilic substitution of the by‐product succinimide. Various substituted benzyl alcohols and N‐bromoimides were examined to form α‐imido ketones in short reaction timespans. The protocol was successfully extended to a gram scale reaction.
A Salt‐Templated Strategy toward Hollow Iron Selenides‐Graphitic Carbon Composite Microspheres with Interconnected Multicavities as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Jae Hun , Park Seung‐Keun , Kang Yun Chan
Published: November 2018

In this work, a facile salt‐templated approach is developed for the preparation of hollow FeSe2/graphitic carbon composite microspheres as sodium‐ion battery anodes; these are composed of interconnected multicavities and an enclosed surface in‐plane embedded with uniform hollow FeSe2 nanoparticles. As the precursor, Fe2O3/carbon microspheres containing NaCl nanocrystals are obtained using one‐pot ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in which inexpensive NaCl and dextrin are used as a porogen and carbon source, respectively, enabling mass production of the composites. During post‐treatment, Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the composites transform into hollow FeSe2 nanospheres via the Kirkendall effect. These rational structures provide numerous conductive channels to facilitate ion/electron transport and enhance the capacitive contribution. Moreover, the synergistic effect between the hollow cavities within FeSe2 and the outstanding mechanical strength of the porous carbon matrix can effectively accommodate the large volume changes during cycling. Correspondingly, the composite microsphere exhibits high discharge capacity of 510 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 with capacity retention of 88% when calculated from the second cycle. Even at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1, a high discharge capacity of 417 mA h g−1 can be achieved.
Urological infections in men
Authors: McGuinness Luke A , Calvert Robert C , Banks Frederick
Published: November 2018

Although urinary tract infections occur predominantly in women, men also suffer. Some features are similar to both genders, but certain anatomical sites, risk factors and treatment are unique to men. These are explored in this review of the commonly encountered urological infections in men.
Prostate cancer litigation in the NHS
Authors: Malthouse Theo , Haq Kamran , Niraghallaigh Holly , James Philip , Sellaturay Senthy , Arumainayagam Nimalan
Published: November 2018

The threat of medical litigation continues to grow; however, within services for prostate cancer there have been no studies quantifying this observation. In this paper the authors looked at the past 12 years of both successful and unsuccessful claims for compensation, with the aim of identifying the reasons for litigation and highlight any areas that could be addressed by the urological community.
The Metanarraphors We Lead and Mediate by: Insights from Cognitive Metaphor Theory in the Context of Mediation in a VUCA World
Authors: Kok Jacobus , Jordaan Barney
Published: November 2018

We live in a superdiverse and supermobile world which is Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA). Diversity management, social cohesion, mediation and negotiation skills are needed in such times. In all discourses, within the context of leading and facilitating the resolution of disputes metaphorical frameworks of meaning are created. The challenge for the mediator is to become aware of, and keep in mind how metaphors affect the process of mediation and the mediator’s own role in it. Those unaware of the dynamics of metaphor theory might implicitly be limited in the mediation process due to the socio-cognitive confines and frames of the metaphors being used in a given mediation context. By becoming aware of the dynamics of metaphor, by means of critically reflecting on metaphor theory, that which is often overt in the mediation dynamics, could be reflected upon covertly. This in turn will empower not only the mediator, but also the parties to a conflict or dispute as they reflect critically on the “metanarraphors” (meta-narratives and metaphors) they mediate or are influenced by.
Discerning Spirituality for Missional Leaders
Authors: Niemandt C. J. P.
Published: November 2018

The concept of missional church represents a confluence of ideas on spirituality, discernment and leadership. The very idea of participating in the missio Dei implies a spiritual journey and underlying spirituality, and discernment is widely described as the “first step in mission.” The missional church recognises the importance of leadership to envision, shape, and facilitate missional transformation. This chapter acknowledges the urgency and importance of discourses on spirituality and discernment, because of the context of the church finding itself in a complex world. The church is a complex system and finds itself in a dynamic reality where the dynamism also entails complexity—to the extent that Friedman (Thank you for being late: An optimist’s guide to thriving in the age of accelerations. Allen Lane, London, 2016) typifies our age as the “age of accelerations.” The research will introduce the idea of missional leadership and its relevance in the light of the renewed attention to concepts of missional church in South Africa, in many other contexts, and in ecumenical organisations. Defining missional leadership as the Spirit-led transformation of people and institutions by means of meaningful relations to participate in God’s mission, the chapter will attend to an appropriate understanding of spirituality. This will be against the background of a shift of spiritual formation from knowing and believing, to hungering and thirsting. In the final section, discernment will be described as entering into a trialogue: the discerning interaction between church, culture, and biblical narrative—to seek, discover, understand, and share in what the Holy Spirit is involved in the close-to-the-ground particulars of the church’s engagement in, with, against, and for the world.
Challenging the New “One-Dimensional Man”: The Protestant Orders of Life as a Critical Nuance to Workplace Spirituality
Authors: van den Heuvel Steven C.
Published: November 2018

While recognizing the increased attention to spirituality in the workplace as being a good development overall, this chapter focuses on some problematic aspects of this new emphasis. In particular, three problems are identified: (1) the danger of instrumentalization and narcissistic misdirection; (2) the adoption of pragmatism in solving conflicts between conflicting spiritualities in the workplace, and (3) the dominance of radical social constructivist approaches, which don’t take into consideration the metaphysical claims inherent in many (especially religious) forms of spirituality. Together, these problems amount to a new “one-dimensionality,” referring to the famous description of modern society by Herbert Marcuse. In order to address these problems, I make recourse to the Protestant concept of the different orders of life, particularly as developed by the German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. In this chapter, I focus on three characteristics of his concept and argue that they can help in addressing the problems with the new emphasis on workplace spirituality that I have identified.
Spirituality and Leadership in a South African Context
Authors: Makka Anoosha
Published: November 2018

This chapter discusses spirituality and leadership in a South African context. Leadership theories that are situated in the spiritual paradigm such as authentic, servant, spiritual and transformational leadership are considered in this chapter. It is argued that leadership practices and styles in South Africa are heavily influenced by British and American approaches. The notion of “ubuntu,” which is a central component of Afrocentric leadership is thus largely ignored in literature on the topic. This chapter draws attention to the influence of Western approaches on leadership in South African organisations with particular reference to the Afrocentric notion of ubuntu. It is recommended that further research be undertaken on ubuntu leadership in the South African context and beyond. Another recommendation is that research should be undertaken on blending Afrocentric and Eurocentric leadership styles in order to identify how this combined leadership approach can be implemented in South Africa.
Still Points: Simplicity in Complex Companies
Authors: du Toit Calvyn C. , Lombaard Christo
Published: November 2018

Building on a previous contribution on “negative capability” (Lombaard, Leadership as spirituality en route: “negative capability” for leadership in diversity, Increasing diversity: loss of control or adaptive identity construction? 103–114; 2017) as a non-directive but actively searching and highly influential (Chia and Holt, Strategy without design: the silent efficacy of indirect action, Cambridge University Press, 2009) style of leadership, this paper investigates aspects of the concept of simplicity and its relation to leadership. As management literature has recognised of late, simplicity as a spiritual orientation to life has deep historical roots and various dimensions. One predictable response to simplicity as orientation points to societies invariable complexity. Hence organisations, companies, and almost all human social systems defy attempts at effortless, simplistic illumination. However, niche building within complex systems allow leaders and managers influence. Such influence either aligns interdependent parts of a complex system or distorts the illusions of cheap harmony within it. Here, in these niches, insights and practices of simplicity cultivated in various spirituality traditions may fruitfully be employed. Such insights and practices might steer groups and entities, always awash in entropy, towards coherence, constrained (i.e., strategically guided) action and consistence. Thus, neither social system’s complexity nor their entropy are denied or disingenuously reinterpreted. Rather, they are acknowledged and valued as key operational kernels giving structural stability, strategic progress and conceptual clarity to the whole. In this manner, simplicity contributes not only to the resilience organisations and companies but also to sense-making amongst people involved, namely as a dimension of experiencing fulfilment in life. Examples are provided, and spheres of applicability indicated.
How to Integrate Spirituality, Emotions and Rationality in (Group) Decision-Making
Authors: Kessler Volker
Published: November 2018

This chapter presents a model on decision-making published by Ignatius of Loyola, which integrates spirituality, emotions and rationality. The three different modes are analyzed. Some parallels to modern management advice are shown. The model is then especially applied to group-decision making, which was already done by Ignatius and his “companions of Jesus.” I then use the Six Thinking Hats method developed by Edward de Bono, which I adapt in order to integrate the Ignatian model of decision-making.
A Well-Played Life: Discernment as the Constitutive Building Block of Selfless Leadership
Authors: Joubert Stephan
Published: November 2018

Selfless leadership is a full-time calling, and a summons to be of service to others. It is a vocation, not as a position of power or an opportunity for self-enhancement. Selfless leaders know that discernment is not just another useful tool in the ever-expanding leadership toolkit to make their organisations more profitable, streamlined, or desirable. It is a gift, but also a learned ability to think, desire, know, feel, choose and do what is right for the present moment, and to influence future circumstances for the welfare and common good of others. Discernment is a habitual ability to read “the signs of the times” wisely and to act thereupon with clarity, wisdom and soberness. At the same time selfless leaders deliberately choose to focus on the potential, abilities, strengths and gifts of people in their organisation and on how to harness them to the best of their abilities, as well as to the advantage of their organisation. Just as any editor would ensure that an author produces the best possible manuscript by assisting him/her through all the phases of writing and rewriting, selfless leaders assist those within their spheres of leadership to become the best authors of their own and their organisation’s stories. Their fine-tuned ability to discern the right paths to follow in planned and unplanned ways create safe spaces for good decisions, relational growth, creativity, the right kind of profitability, and healthy relationships.
Topology in full QCD at high temperature: a multicanonical approach
Authors: Bonati Claudio , D’Elia Massimo , Martinelli Guido , Negro Francesco , Sanfilippo Francesco , Todaro Antonino
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We investigate the topological properties of N

f
= 2 + 1 QCD with physical quark masses, at temperatures around 500 MeV. With the aim of obtaining a reliable sampling of topological modes in a regime where the fluctuations of the topological charge Q are very rare, we adopt a multicanonical approach, adding a bias potential to the action which enhances the probability of suppressed topological sectors. This method permits to gain up to three orders magnitude in computational power in the explored temperature regime. Results at different lattice spacings and physical spatial volumes reveal no significant finite size effects and the presence, instead, of large finite cut-off effects, with the topological susceptibility which decreases by 3-4 orders of magnitude while moving from a ≃ 0.06 fm towards the continuum limit. The continuum extrapolation is in agreeement with previous lattice determinations with smaller uncertainties but obtained based on ansatzes justified by several theoretical assumptions. The parameter b
2, related to the fourth order coefficient in the Taylor expansion of the free energy density f (θ), has instead a smooth continuum extrapolation which is in agreement with the dilute instanton gas approximation (DIGA); moreover, a direct measurement of the relative weights of the different topological sectors gives an even stronger support to the validity of DIGA.
Testing the indirect effects of somatic and parental effort on stress: the roles of worldviews and coping strategies
Authors: Łukasik Andrzej , Wołpiuk-Ochocińska Anna , Borawski Dominik
Published: November 2018

Life history theory (LHT) is a mid-level theory from evolutionary biology. LHT, adapted to humans, assumes that individuals can be placed along a single continuum of LH strategies referred to as the slow-to-fast LH continuum: faster life history strategists score higher on mating effort and lower on somatic and parental effort. In the present study we examine the hypothesis that worldview and coping strategies are mediators between somatic and parental effort (SPE) and current perceived stress. 226 participants completed a set of instruments: Mini-K, the World Assumptions Scale, Brief COPE, and the Perceived Stress Scale. In order to test the hypotheses about mediators, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The results from the current study showed that individuals allocating their own resources to SPE experienced lower current stress, and felt positive about the benevolence and meaningfulness of the world as well as the worthiness of the self. A more complex linkage was also revealed: individuals displaying SPE endorsed stronger beliefs about self-worth, which in turn was associated with a lower tendency to use disengagement coping and which again translated into a lower level of perceived stress. Furthermore, females investing in SPE maintained a higher level of belief in the meaningfulness of the world, which translated into a higher tendency to use external support for coping.
Cognitive markers of preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
Authors: Startin Carla M. , Hamburg Sarah , Hithersay Rosalyn , Al‐Janabi Tamara , Mok Kin Y. , Hardy John ,   LonDownS Consortium, Strydom Andre
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an almost universal development of Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with DS are therefore an important population for randomized controlled trials to prevent or delay cognitive decline, though it is essential to understand the time course of early cognitive changes.

Methods

We conducted the largest cognitive study to date with 312 adults with DS to assess age‐related and Alzheimer's disease–related cognitive changes during progression from preclinical to prodromal dementia, and prodromal to clinical dementia.

Results

Changes in memory and attention measures were most sensitive to early decline. Resulting sample size calculations for randomized controlled trials to detect significant treatment effects to delay decline were modest.

Discussion

Our findings address uncertainties around the development of randomized controlled trials to delay cognitive decline in DS. Such trials are essential to reduce the high burden of dementia in people with DS and could serve as proof‐of‐principle trials for some drug targets.
Observations and numerical simulations of the braking effect of forests on large-scale avalanches
Authors: Takeuchi Yukari , Nishimura Koichi , Patra Abani
Published: November 2018

Although the disaster reduction effects of forest braking have long been known empirically, they have not been known in detail down to recent. In this study, we ascertained forest braking effect by numerical simulations using the avalanche dynamics program, TITAN2D, to model large-scale avalanches. One of these avalanches occurred in the Makunosawa valley, Myoko, and damaged a cedar forest; the others occurred on Mt. Iwate and damaged a subalpine forest. All avalanches damaged many trees and terminated within the forests. In our simulations, the resistance of the forests to avalanches is simulated using a larger bed friction angle. Fitting the observations from the Makunosawa avalanche by trial and error, a bed friction angle of 13–14° in the non-forested area and of 25° in the forested area is obtained. We conducted simulations of the Mt. Iwate avalanches using the same method as for the Makunosawa valley avalanche, and obtained good agreement between observations and simulations. Simulations reveal that without the forest, the avalanche would have traveled at least 200 m farther than the forest's actual end in the Makunosawa valley, and at least 200 m and possibly up to 600 m farther on Mt. Iwate. This study therefore clearly shows that forests provide a braking effect for avalanches.
CHEN WEI 陳偉 (ed.), QIN JIANDU YANJIU 秦簡牘研究 (RESEARCH ON QIN STRIPS) FIVE VOLUME BOOK SERIES: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Foster Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

The Qin jiandu yanjiu 秦簡牘研究 (Research on Qin strips) book series, edited by Chen Wei 陳偉, presents important findings from the “Comprehensive Arrangement and Study of the Qin Bamboo Slip Manuscripts” research project. Organized thematically into five volumes, detailed case studies on newly unearthed Qin texts address issues in institutional history, law, geography, mantic arts, and linguistics. The Qin jiandu yanjiu series supplements theQin jiandu heji秦簡牘合集 (Corpus of Qin documents written on bamboo and wood) andLiye Qin jiandu jiaoshi(diyi juan) 里耶秦簡牘校釋(第一卷) (Annotated transcriptions of the Liye Qin strips (volume one)) reference works, and indirectly serves as a state of the field for Qin manuscript studies.