bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol on special hungarian oil shale
Authors: Renáta Rauch , Földényi Rita
Published: November 2018

The development of efficient methods for the removal of different type of organic contaminates of natural waters is an ever challenging task in the modern environmental technology. The paper reports the physical characterization and adsorption properties of a Hungarian oil shale. Static equilibrium experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution. The obtained equilibrium data were satisfactorily fitted by a multistep adsorption isotherm within the concentration range of 0 to 100 mg/l. According to our laboratory scale experiments the studied adsorbent immobilizes the contaminants more efficiently than a number of other adsorbents applied in different remediation technologies. More than 90 % of the added 2,4-dichlorophenol was adsorbed by the studied oil shale. The contaminants are bound strongly by the sorbent therefore they cannot be washed out by the groundwater flow which, in turn, favors to the natural bacterial decomposition process of the polluting compound. This is considered as a significant advantage of the adsorbent because no chemical regeneration of the inexpensive oil shale is required. The reported results indicate that the oil shale can be used efficiently for the treatment of natural waters to remove their organic contaminants.
The development of fly ash – red mud based geopolymer
Authors: Ambrus Mária , Mucsi Gábor , Szabó Roland , Kovács Balázs
Published: November 2018

Taking into account environmental considerations, such as decreasing CO2 emission and the ecological footprint, the utilisation of secondary raw materials is essential for sustainable development. Fly ash is the product of coal combustion plants that is collected by various air cleaning equipment from flue gas, and red mud is the by-product of the Bayer-process, through which alumina can be produced from bauxite. Geopolymerisation is a process that is suitable for the utilisation of such wastes to produce ceramics, cement, concrete etc. with many advantageous properties.

The main objective of the article is to present data on the development and examination of geopolymer made out of deposited fly ash from Tatabánya and red mud from Almásfüzitő.

During the experiments, red mud was added to previously optimised fly ash geopolymer in various quantities and compressive strength tests were carried out to determine the optimal fly ash and red mud ratio. However, as the cracking of the specimens could be observed, further tests were carried out on the durability of the geopolymers. The effect of the sealing conditions and RM calcination was investigated, both via visual inspection and with FT-IR analysis at the ages of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days.

Based on the results, it could be concluded that the sealing conditions have direct effect on the structural characteristics of fly ash – red mud based geopolymers, but further experiments should be carried out for the identification of the ongoing reactions.
Possible implementations of the cloud-based data-centric IoT pilot platforms for smart cities and agriculture
Authors: Simon János
Published: November 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is starting to appear everywhere in many shapes and forms. But security is one of the most crucial thing that could trip up the growth of the IoT. Following security principles used in enterprise computing can help clear that issue. Already there are more connected devices than people on the planet, according to leading researchers in this area. By 2020, there will be 50 billion connected devices, outnumbering people by more than 6 to 1. Most of these devices will be controllable over the Internet, and they will increasingly be responsible for collecting and transmitting sensitive data. Today consumers might own an app that collects information on their exercise routine. In a few years, those same people might have an Internet-enabled medical device that continually delivers data to their doctor. In the wrong hands, data from home management systems could be used to assess user’s whereabouts. Likewise, businesses could be vulnerable when they connect things like HVAC, irrigation, or commercial appliances.
Education in the public space: the civic pedagogy of the Minas Gerais newspapers in the regency period / A educação no espaço público: a pedagogia cívica dos jornais mineiros no período regencial
Authors: Gomes Marcilaine Soares Inácio , Faria Filho Luciano Mendes de , Mesquita Ilka Miglio de
Published: November 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar, a partir de jornais, o uso do espaço público pelas associações mineiras do período regencial na configuração de um plano de educação, tendo em vista a pedagogia cívica de disciplinar, instruir, civilizar e moralizar. Seus projetos educativos são entendidos como projetos políticos-culturais, definidos na relação com dois fenômenos que estão entrelaçados e são complementares, contudo, distintos: a difusão das Luzes e a configuração de uma esfera pública de poder.Palavras-chave: Associações Mineiras, Jornais, Período Regencial. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show, from newspapers, the use of public space by the associations in Minas Gerais, during the regency period, in the configuration of an education plan, in view of the civic pedagogy of disciplining, educating, civilizing and moralizing. Its educational projects are understood as political-cultural projects, defined in relation to two phenomena that are intertwined and complementary, yet distinct: the diffusion of the Lights and the configuration of a public sphere of power.Keywords: Associations in Minas Gerais; Newspapers; Regency Period. ResumenEl artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar, desde los periódicos, la utilización del espacio público por las asociaciones mineiras del período de la regencia brasileña em la configuración de um plan de educación, teniendo em vista la pedagogía cívica de disciplinar, instruir, civilizar y moralizar. Sus proyectos educativos serán comprendidos como proyectos políticos-culturales, definidos em la relación de dos fenómenos que están entrelazados y son complementários, sin embargo distintos: la difusión de las luces y la configuración de uma esfera pública de poder.Palabras claves: Asociaciones Mineiras; Periódicos; Período de la Regencia de Brasil
The Spanish Language and Military Education in Brazil (1905-1920) / A Língua Espanhola e a Educação Militar no Brasil (1905-1920) / La Lengua Española y la Educación Militar en Brasil (1905-1920)
Authors: Guimarães Anselmo , Souza Josefa Eliana
Published: November 2018

Este estudo é o resultado da investigação do processo de institucionalização do ensino de espanhol na educação militar brasileira, de 1905 a 1920, buscando delinear as finalidades políticas e culturais. O objetivo foi investigar as justificativas para a entrada do espanhol no ensino militar, no período de 1905, quando o idioma foi inserido oficialmente no currículo militar, mediante Decreto nº 5.698 e, finalizou em 1920, após reformularem os regulamentos militares e o ensino de espanhol deixar de ser oferecido no âmbito militar. Para tanto, foram utilizados a legislação educacional e textos jornalísticos, bem como pressupostos teóricos da história das disciplinas escolares.Palavras-chave: Educação Militar; História do Ensino de Espanhol; História das Disciplinas Escolares. AbstractThis study is the result of the investigation of the process of institutionalization of the Spanish language teaching at the Brazilian military education, from 1905 to 1920, aiming at outlining political and cultural purposes. The goal has been to investigate the justifications for the insertion of the Spanish language in the Brazilian military education, starting in 1905, when the language has been officially inserted in the military curriculum under Decree No. 5.698 and ending in 1920, after the redesign of the military regulations and the fact that the Spanish language teaching has no longer been offered in the military scope. For this purpose, educational legislation and journalistic texts have been used, as well as theoretical assumptions of the history of school subjects. Keywords: Military Education; The History of the Spanish Language Teaching; The History of School Subjects. ResumenEste estudio es el resultado de la investigación del proceso de institucionalización de la enseñanza de español en la educación militar brasileña, de 1905 a 1920, buscando delinear las finalidades políticas y culturales. El objetivo fue investigar las razones de la entrada del español en la enseñanza militar, en el período de 1905, cuando el idioma fue introducido oficialmente en el plan de estudios militares por el Decreto nº 5.698 y terminado en 1920, después de reformularen los reglamentos militares y la enseñanza del español salió del ámbito militar. Por lo tanto, hemos utilizado la legislación educativa y textos periodísticos, así como supuestos teóricos de la historia de las disciplinas escolares.Palabras clave: Educación Militar; Historia de la Enseñanza del Español; Historia de las Disciplinas Escolares.
Holographic Dark Energy Model With Time Varying Deceleration Parameter
Authors: P. Wankhade R
Published: November 2018

Two minimally interacting fluids; dark matter and holographic dark energy components has been studied in a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I space-time. The solutions of the Einsteinâ€™s field equations are obtained under the assumption of time varying deceleration parameter (Abdussattar and S. Prajapati, Astrophys. Space Sci. 331, 65, 2011) which represents transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. It is shown that for large expansion the model reduces to model while for suitable choice of interaction between dark matter and holographic dark energy the anisotropy parameter of the universe approaches to zero for large cosmic time and the coincidence parameter increases with increase in time. Allowing for time dependent deceleration parameter the solutions of the field equations and some physical and geometric properties of the model along with physical acceptability of the solutions have also been discussed in details.Â
Measurement of earnings management before and after applying IFRSS using jones' modified method an applied research in a sample of banks listed in the Iraqi stock exchange
Authors: Sabeha Barzan Farhood Dr
Published: November 2018

In the year 2016, all commercial banks in Iraq were obliged to switch from the application of the local unified accounting system to the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) to improve the quality of accounting information and make it relevant for decision-making. The objective of the research is to measure earnings management in a number of banks which applied IFRSs at the end of the financial year 2016 through their application on a sample of banks for the years (2012-2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). The results were compared with the measurement of earnings management under the application of the unified accounting system (before the adoption of IFRSs) and after the application of the (IFRSs). The researcher concluded that the percentage of earnings management in the years in which the banks applied the unified accounting system is very close to its percentage in the case of the application of IFRSs, which shows that the application of IFRSs did not change the percentage of earnings management in banks.Â Â
Coping skill training and family health education against anxiety in prevention substance abuse in Indonesia
Authors: Sukamti Nita , Anna Keliat Budi , . Mustikasari
Published: November 2018

Adolescents are vulnerable to get anxiety and it can affect to substance use. Coping skill training and family health education are mental nursing intervention that is expected to overcome anxiety. The goals of the research to determine the influence of coping skill training and family health education against anxiety in Junior High School. The research design is quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group and 87 students in Junior High School was chosen by using purposive sampling technique then continued with cluster random sampling. Respondents were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 get nursing intervention and group 2 get nursing intervention, coping skills training, and family health education. The results showed decrease of anxiety that not significant after nursing intervention (p value > 0.05), and significantly decrease of anxiety after the coping skill training and family health education (p value < 0,05). Coping skill training and family health education is recommended to decrease anxiety in adolescent.Â Â
Adequacy of molar distalization after second and third molar eruption- a case report
Authors: Babu Balina Sarath , Harsha G V Durga , C V Padmapriya , DPK Varma , C V Goutham
Published: November 2018

Adult patients with class II malocclusion can be treated routinely by extraction therapy. In the recent decades there was increasing popularity towards non-extraction treatment. Distalization of maxillary molars is one of the prime treatment modality to correct mild to moderate class II malocclusion cases with esthetically acceptable profile. A 16 years old female patient reported with irregularly placed upper front teeth and was diagnosed as Angleâ€™s Class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and mandible, average growth pattern. Treatment was planned to distalize the entire maxillary arch using mini implants as skeletal anchorage. 4.0 mm of maxillary molars were distalized, class I molar and canine relation were achieved bilaterally within span of 10 months without altering the patientâ€™s existing profile.Â Â
Efficacy of carvacrol oil against common broilers chickens enteric pathogens.
Authors: Radwan Ismail , Orabi Ahmed , El-Hanbally Saber , A. Mabrouk Hanaa
Published: November 2018

Gastrointestinal tract acts as a selective barrier for the broilers, however a wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry industries. Our investigation aimed to determine the incidence of the most common broilers chicken enteric pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and C.perfringens and also measure efficacy of carvacrol oil on these pathogens. 250 internal organs were analyzed for enteric pathogens in (table 1, 2) which revealed high incidence of E.coli (n=18) followed with Salmonella (n=10) and C.perfringens (n=8).Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that the predominant serovars is S.Kentuky (n=3) then S.Typhimurium and S.Infants (n=2), while O114:K90 O78:K80 O25:K11 were the predominant E.coli serotypes (n=4) for each one. Antibiogram revealed that isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Enrofloxacin. Results indicated that, MIC of most isolates lowered after 24hr exposure to 0.001% of carvacrol and the growth of tested isolates was inhibited at 0.1% carvacrol concentration.Â Â
Uso de drones na atualização de área construída de imóveis urbanos
Authors: Arantes Bruno Henrique Tondato , Arantes Leticia Tondato , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Costa Estevam Matheus , Bessa Marcio Moacir , Baliza Leônidas Miclos , Moraes Victor Hugo
Published: November 2018

Diante da possibilidade da utilização da geotecnologia para a atualização de área construída dos imóveis urbanos, foi analisada a precisão de uma imagem aérea obtida por meio de um Veículo Aéreo não Tripulado (VANT) sem a utilização de pontos de controle, na medição de um imóvel. Para isto, utilizou-se diversas resoluções espaciais, de maneira a comparar, qual seria o erro de cada um deles. Alcançaram-se bons resultados com o pixel de 2, 5 e 10 cm, mas, um resultado inferior na resolução espacial de 20 cm, já que a última pode gerar algumas confusões.
Scytel: A New Old English Word for ‘Penis’
Authors: Christiansen Bethany
Published: November 2018

In this paper, I examine the Old English word scytel, which appears in the Old English Medicina de quadrupedibus. I argue that, contrary to definitions offered in current Old English lexical aids, scytel does not mean ‘dung’, but rather ‘penis’. In the Medicina de quadrupedibus, OE scytel translates Lat. moium (from Greek μοιóν) ‘penis’. I begin by tracing the development of the definition/s of scytel in the lexicographic tradition (Sections 1.1 and 1.2) and in editions of the Medicina de quadrupedibus (Section 1.3). Starting with Bosworth-Toller (1882–1898), scytel (1) was defined as ‘dung’, apparently on the misperception of an etymological relationship between scytel (1) and Old English scitta, n. ‘shit’. Section 2 offers a discussion of the manuscripts containing the Old English Medicina de quadrupedibus and its Latin source text, and Section 3 contains a discussion of the two relevant recipes that contain OE scytel (1). In Section 4.1 I show that, in fact, scytel (1) cannot be etymologically related to any scit‑/scīt‑ ‘shit’ words in Old English, as the two derive from separate Germanic (Gmc.) and Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots. In Section 4.2, I argue that the scribe of the manuscripts containing scytel could not have written a non-etymological  for /i/, which eliminates the possibility that scytel is connected to scit‑/scīt‑ ‘shit’. It becomes clear, as demonstrated in Section 4.3, that scytel (1) ‘penis’ and scytel (2) ‘dart’ can be reconciled as a single dictionary entry, with ‘penis’ as a metaphorical extension of ‘dart’. I demonstrate in Section 4.4 that, from a cross-linguistic perspective, ‘dart’ > ‘penis’ is a well-attested semantic shift. Ultimately, it is clear that the Old English translator/s of the Medicina de quadrupedibus correctly translated the rare Latin word for ‘penis’ they encountered in the source text.
Zelotes and elnvnges: The Extension of Genitive Singular ‑es in the Gloss to the Durham Collectar
Authors: Rodríguez Ledesma Nieves
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to study the extension of genitive singular ‑es from the a-stems to other noun classes in the gloss to the Durham Collectar (Durham, Cathedral Library, A.iv.19). To this end a quantitative analysis of sixty-five nouns has been carried out in contexts where they gloss a Latin genitive form. The nouns have been selected on the basis that their etymological inflection for the genitive singular is other than ‑es, and they consist of feminine nouns (nouns ending in ‑ung, nouns ending in ‑ness, ō‑stems, i‑stems), kinship r‑stems and weak nouns or n‑stems. The results of the analysis of the Durham Collectar are compared with those found in the Lindisfarne Gospels (London, British Library, Nero D.iv) with three main purposes: first, to determine the degree of similarity between the two glosses; second, to establish whether Durham is more conservative or not with regard to this feature, and finally, to contribute to the discussion on the question of authorship.
Nonlinear Evolution Equations with Exponentially Decaying Memory: Existence via Time Discretisation, Uniqueness, and Stability
Authors: Eikmeier André , Emmrich Etienne , Kreusler Hans-Christian
Published: November 2018

The initial value problem for an evolution equation of typev′+A⁢v+B⁢K⁢v=f{v^{\prime}+Av+BKv=f}is studied, whereA:VA→VA′{A:V_{A}\to V_{A}^{\prime}}is a monotone, coercive operator and whereB:VB→VB′{B:V_{B}\to V_{B}^{\prime}}induces an inner product. The Banach spaceVA{V_{A}}is not required to be embedded inVB{V_{B}}or vice versa. The operatorKincorporates a Volterra integral operator in time of convolution type with an exponentially decaying kernel. Existence of a global-in-time solution is shown by proving convergence of a suitable time discretisation. Moreover, uniqueness as well as stability results are proved. Appropriate integration-by-parts formulae are a key ingredient for the analysis.
Differential and integral equations for the 2-iterated Bernoulli, 2-iterated Euler and Bernoulli–Euler polynomials
Authors: Khan Subuhi , Riyasat Mumtaz
Published: November 2018

The main goal of this article is to derive differential and associated integral equations for some 2-iterated and mixed type special polynomial families. By using the factorization method, the recurrence relations and differential equations are derived for the 2-iterated Bernoulli, 2-iterated Euler and Bernoulli–Euler polynomials. The Volterra integral equations for these polynomial families are also established.
The graphical representation of these 2-iterated and mixed polynomials is presented. The zeros of these polynomials are investigated for certain values of the index n using numerical computation. The
approximate solutions of the real zeros of these polynomials are also given.
DNA Marker-Based High-Throughput Identification of Downy Mildew Infected and Non-Infected Sunflower Plants
Authors: Solodenko Anzhella
Published: November 2018

Developing hybrids, resistant to causal pathogen of Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni), is one of the critical tasks in sunflower breeding. Molecular markers have advanced breeding practice in the past decades, however there are still unmet needs for reliable high-throughput (HT) selection of the pathogen resistant starting material and differentiation of the plants infected by different pathogens. In this study, we tested the known DNA marker (308 bp fragment from ribosomal DNA of P. halstedii) for detection of pathogen in different tissues of sunflower plant and at different stages of plant development. Specified DNA marker was re-validated in the total DNA, isolated from sporangium as well as from seedlings of infected pathogen resistant/susceptible inbred lines of Ukrainian breeding and 60 F2 crosses. An independent set of field grown plants with unknown resistance to P. halstedii, having symptoms of the bacterial/fungal/viral pathology were used for HT screening and genotypes, infected with downy mildew, were successfully identified. Pathogen appeared to be concentrated in the vessels of sunflower leaves, in contrast to parenchymal tissue. Our study demonstrates an addition to whole seedling inoculation technique of P. halstedii detection, which allows HT identification of the pathogen infected and non-infected sunflower plants.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot
Authors: Singh Rajmeet , Bera Tarun Kumar
Published: November 2018

This work describes design and implementation of a navigation and obstacle avoidance controller using fuzzy logic for four-wheel mobile robot. The main contribution of this paper can be summarized in the fact that single fuzzy logic controller can be used for navigation as well as obstacle avoidance (static, dynamic and both) for dynamic model of four-wheel mobile robot. The bond graph is used to develop the dynamic model of mobile robot and then it is converted into SIMULINK block by using ‘S-function’ directly from SYMBOLS Shakti bond graph software library. The four-wheel mobile robot used in this work is equipped with DC motors, three ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance from the obstacles and optical encoders to provide the current position and speed. The three input membership functions (distance from target, angle and distance from obstacles) and two output membership functions (left wheel voltage and right wheel voltage) are considered in fuzzy logic controller. One hundred and sixty-two sets of rules are considered for motion control of the mobile robot. The different case studies are considered and are simulated using MATLAB-SIMULINK software platform to evaluate the performance of the controller. Simulation results show the performances of the navigation and obstacle avoidance fuzzy controller in terms of minimum travelled path for various cases.
Stative and eventive passives of subject experiencer verbs in Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna , Rozwadowska Bożena
Published: November 2018

The paper addresses the question whether Subject Experiencer (henceforth, SE) verbs can form the stative and eventive passive in Polish. The analysis shows that SE verbs in Polish only sporadically give rise to the stative passive, and whenever this is possible, the stative passive derived from an SE verb can be classed as the target state passive in Kratzer’s typology (2000). Polish SE verbs are susceptible to two types of eventive passive – (i) with the auxiliaryzostać‘to become’, co-occurring with the perfective passive participle; and (ii) with the auxiliarybyć‘to be’, followed by the imperfective passive participle. The fact that SE verbs can give rise tozostać-passives is unproblematic, as this type of passive contains the passive participle derived from the perfective form of the verb, which is always eventive. Stative SE verbs can serve as good inputs to thebyć+ imperfective passive on account of the fact that they can be coerced from states into non-dynamic events, as proposed for Spanish in Fábregas and Marín (2017).
On left-peripheral particletoin Polish and Czech: A focus, a topic head, or neither?
Authors: Tajsner Przemysław
Published: November 2018

The article offers a non-cartographic approach to the syntax of the left-peripheral particletoin Polish and Czech. It is claimed here thattois neither a topic nor a focus head. Instead, it has a status of a neutralRelator, a head ofRelator Phrase, operative in the formation of the non-directionalStructure of Predication. This structure serves the needs ofInformation Structurein providing a syntactic blueprint for segregating topics from foci, but these notions themselves are solely the interpretations of constituents and not independent syntactic categories. The analysis capitalizes on a clitic status oftoin Czech, the lack of special clitics in Polish, and makes use of the ideas of the parametric directionality ofAgreementandLabelling Algorithmallowing for merging heads to project.
Clause structure, case and agreement in Polish existential, possessive and locative sentences: A phase-based account
Authors: Błaszczak Joanna
Published: November 2018

In this paper it will be argued that the difference between existential and locative sentences is primarily structurally encoded at thevP/VP level (at the first phase of a derivation). The crucial question is which argument of the verb BE (the Location or the nominal argument (“Theme”)) is projected as the “external argument”, i.e., which argument is the subject of inner predication. In the case of existential sentences it is the Location argument which is the subject of inner predication, and in the case of locative sentences it is the nominal argument. The subject of inner predication becomes by default also the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence. Hence, in the case of locative sentences the nominal argument is the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence, and in the case of existential sentences it is the Location which becomes the topic. (Or, alternatively, the actual topic (the subject of outer predication) might be the situational/ event variable, and the Location functions as a restriction on it.) However, the actual arrangement of constituents in the sentences under discussion, as in any other Polish sentence, is determined by the pragmatic/communicative principles. Given this, it is reasonable to think that the NOM/GEN case alternation in negated existential/locative sentences is primarily a matter of syntax, and not one of information structure or scope of negation. The analysis will be modeled in accordance with the phasal model of Chomsky (2000 et seq.).
‘My almost-leggings-so-I’m-kind-of-cheating jeans’: Exploring hyphenated phrasal expressions in fashion discourse
Authors: Crawford Camiciottoli Belinda
Published: November 2018

The language of fashion was first investigated by Roland Barthes in his influential book Système de la Mode, but it has since received scant attention from linguists, perhaps due to perceptions of frivolousness associated with the fashion world. This study explores contemporary fashion discourse through a systematic analysis of hyphenated phrasal expressions as linguistic features that are analytically challenging, but with strong expressive potential. The Fashion Discourse Corpus consists of 396,125 words compiled from the traditional fashion press (Vogue, Women’s Wear Daily, Harper’s Bazaar) and two leading fashion blogs, representing both American and British English. For comparative purposes, a reference corpus was extracted from American and British benchmark corpora. The quantitative analysis revealed that hyphenated phrasal expressions were considerably more frequent in the Fashion Discourse Corpus. Follow-up qualitative analysis identified conventional, semi-conventional, and non-conventional types, along with recurring structural patterns and communicative functions used to describe and evaluate fashion phenomena. The fashion blogs in particular contained richly expressive items that seemed to reflect the writer’s unique voice and identity within the discourse community. The findings can be applied in journalism and communication courses to help aspiring writers learn to use hyphenated phrasal expressions effectively.
Low-temperature anharmonicity and symmetry breaking in the sodalite |Na8I2|[AlSiO4]6
Authors: Robben Lars , Abrahams Isaac , Fischer Michael , Hull Stephen , Dove Martin T. , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: November 2018

The aluminosilicate iodide sodalite |Na8I2|[AlSiO4]6 was examined by temperature-dependent neutron time-of-flight powder diffraction from 5 K to 290 K and X-ray diffraction from 298 K to 1200 K. The temperature-dependent properties of the mean structure in space group P4̅3n were obtained by Rietveld analysis. A negative slope for the thermal expansion coefficient below 50 K could be observed, and the displacement parameters of the iodide ions indicate anharmonic effects. Local structure models (8×8×8 super cells) were refined against pair-distribution functions calculated from total scattering data collected at 5 K, 165 K and 240 K. The results indicate isotropic displacements for all atoms except for I-atoms, showing the effects of an anharmonic potential around this anion at very low temperatures.
Developing an Awareness of Emotion Management Strategies to Support Athlete Success
Authors: Peterson Gretchen
Published: November 2018

EMOTIONS ARE A REGULAR FEATURE OF OUR DAILY LIVES, INCLUDING THE LIVES OF ATHLETES. IT IS ALSO QUITE COMMON TO HAVE TO WORK TO MANAGE SOME OF OUR EMOTIONS. EMOTIONS THAT ARE NOT MANAGED CAN IMPACT ATHLETIC SUCCESS, SO IT BEHOOVES ATHLETES TO TRAIN TO DEAL WITH THE EMOTIONS THAT INEVITABLY ARISE DURING COMPETITION. STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES CAN BENEFIT FROM UNDERSTANDING THE FACETS OF AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE AND SOME OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING THE EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE. THIS ARTICLE LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO USE RESEARCH FROM THE SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS IN WORKING WITH ATHLETES.
Editorial
Authors: Charman Karen
Published: November 2018

For the last three years the Public Pedagogies Institute has undertaken research in a definedgeographical area in order to understand from the people who live and work therewhat they consider to be significant knowledge. The premise of this research is the ideathat each geographical area has defined knowledge. Despite the shift by Local Governmentsor City Councils to define larger areas as connected and bounded spaces therepersists strong identification with much smaller pockets in the form of suburbs or neighbourhoods.We have named this work the ‘Knowledge Project’.
The role of pedagogy in peace building: A case from Sri Lanka’s non-formal secondary education sector
Authors: Jeremy Cunningham , Ladd Suren
Published: November 2018

Sri Lanka is a country in transition. The civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) ended in 2009, with total defeat of the LTTE and many thousands of civilian casualties. The country is now engaged in a peace-building process through education. Key elements of the secondary school non-formal curriculum–truth-seeking, social cohesion and active citizenship–may contribute to this. Six state secondary schools serving different ethnic and religious groups were selected for qualitative research into how far this is the case. Data was collected on the application of knowledge, skills and values in lessons, extra-curricular programmers and whole school culture. The analysis suggests that truth-seeking is weak, with no teaching about the historical roots of the conflict or contemporary issues. There are efforts to build leadership skills and impart democratic values, but the critical thinking and discussion skills necessary for social cohesion and active citizenship are largely absent. However, there was encouraging evidence of non-formal pedagogical programs such as the school exchange and student parliament along with sport and arts programs providing a foundation to help foster peace.
Public Pedagogy for the Web: an emergent theory via the spiral of inquiry
Authors: Holland Alison Anderson
Published: November 2018

There is a great deal of agreement that online learner engagement and course completion rates are often low, especially in the non-credit setting. While there is a breadth of research around how to engage online learners in traditional online courses, the literature does not address the inherent challenges in assuming online courses are the primary way to provide educational content online to those not seeking credit or certification. Research on the use of Web 2.0 platforms for informal learning is also minimal. This article aims to pick up the conversation here. Utilizing the spiral of inquiry framework, this discussion shares a developing concept of public pedagogy for the Web. I propose public pedagogy for the Web requires a non-linear approach and an integrated design. This theorized pedagogy of the Web is limited primarily by the lack of evaluation data on its implementation. Future studies should map actual learning paths and outcomes for learners who utilize websites designed with the pedagogy described.
AGRP Neurons Project to the Medial Preoptic Area and Modulate Maternal Nest-Building
Authors: Li Xing-Yu , Han Ying , Zhang Wen , Wang Shao-Ran , Wei Yi-Chao , Li Shuai-Shuai , Lin Jun-Kai , Yan Jing-Jing , Chen Ai-Xiao , Zhang Xin , Zhao Zheng-Dong , Shen Wei L. , Xu Xiao-Hong
Published: November 2018

AGRP (agouti-related neuropeptide) expressing inhibitory neurons sense caloric needs of an animal to coordinate homeostatic feeding. Recent evidence suggests that AGRP neurons also suppress competing actions and motivations to mediate adaptive behavioral selection during starvation. Here, in adult mice of both sexes we show that AGRP neurons form inhibitory synapses onto ∼30% neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), a region critical for maternal care. Remarkably, optogenetically stimulating AGRP neurons decreases maternal nest-building while minimally affecting pup retrieval, partly recapitulating suppression of maternal behaviors during food restriction. In parallel, optogenetically stimulating AGRP projections to the mPOA or to the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus but not to the LHA (lateral hypothalamus area) similarly decreases maternal nest-building. Chemogenetic inhibition of mPOA neurons that express Vgat (vesicular GABA transporter), the population targeted by AGRP terminals, also decreases maternal nest-building. In comparison, chemogenetic inhibition of neurons in the LHA that express vesicular glutamate transporter 2, another hypothalamic neuronal population critical for feeding and innate drives, is ineffective. Importantly, nest-building during low temperature thermal challenge is not affected by optogenetic stimulation of AGRP→mPOA projections. Finally, via optogenetic activation and inhibition we show that distinctive subsets of mPOA Vgat+ neurons likely underlie pup retrieval and maternal nest-building. Together, these results show that AGRP neurons can modulate maternal nest-building, in part through direct projections to the mPOA. This study corroborates other recent discoveries and underscores the broad functions that AGRP neurons play in antagonizing rivalry motivations to modulate behavioral outputs during hunger.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn order for animals to initiate ethologically appropriate behaviors, they must typically decide between behavioral repertoires driven by multiple and often conflicting internal states. How neural pathways underlying individual behaviors interact to coherently modulate behavioral outputs, in particular to achieve a proper balance between behaviors that serve immediate individual needs versus those that benefit the propagation of the species, remains poorly understood. Here, by investigating projections from a neuronal population known to drive hunger behaviors to a brain region critical for maternal care, we show that activation of AGRP→mPOA projections in females dramatically inhibits maternal nest-building while leaving mostly intact pup retrieval behavior. Our findings shed new light on neural organization of behaviors and neural mechanisms that coordinate behavioral selection.
Auditory Thalamostriatal and Corticostriatal Pathways Convey Complementary Information about Sound Features
Authors: Ponvert Nicholas D. , Jaramillo Santiago
Published: November 2018

Multiple parallel neural pathways link sound-related signals to behavioral responses. For instance, the striatum, a brain structure involved in action selection and reward-related learning, receives neuronal projections from both the auditory thalamus and auditory cortex. It is not clear whether sound information that reaches the striatum through these two pathways is redundant or complementary. We used an optogenetic approach in awake mice of both sexes to identify thalamostriatal and corticostriatal neurons during extracellular recordings, and characterized neural responses evoked by sounds of different frequencies and amplitude modulation rates. We found that neurons in both pathways encode sound frequency with similar fidelity, but display different coding strategies for amplitude modulated noise. Whereas corticostriatal neurons provide a more accurate representation of amplitude modulation rate in their overall firing rate, thalamostriatal neurons convey information about the precise timing of acoustic events. These results demonstrate that auditory thalamus and auditory cortex neurons provide complementary information to the striatum, and suggest that these pathways could be differentially recruited depending on the requirements of a sound-driven behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory signals from the cerebral cortex and the thalamus converge onto the striatum, a nucleus implicated in reward-related learning. It is not clear whether these two sensory inputs convey redundant or complementary information. By characterizing the sound-evoked responses of thalamostriatal and corticostriatal neurons, our work demonstrates that these neural pathways convey complementary information about the temporal features of sounds. This work opens new avenues for investigating how these pathways could be selectively recruited depending on task demands, and provides a framework for studying convergence of cortical and thalamic information onto the striatum in other sensory systems.
Occurrence of Hippocampal Ripples is Associated with Activity Suppression in the Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Logothetis Nikos K. , Eschenko Oxana
Published: November 2018

Forming reliable memories requires coordinated activity within distributed brain networks. At present, neural mechanisms underlying systems-level consolidation of declarative memory beyond the hippocampal–prefrontal interactions remain largely unexplored. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and also receives inputs from parahippocampal regions. The MD may thus modulate functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the mPFC at different stages of information processing. Here, we characterized, in freely behaving Sprague Dawley male rats, the MD neural activity around hippocampal ripples, indicators of memory replay and hippocampal–cortical information transfer. Overall, the MD firing rate was transiently (0.76 ± 0.06 s) decreased around ripples, with the MD activity suppression preceding the ripple onset for 0.41 ± 0.04 s (range, 0.01–0.95 s). The degree of MD modulation correlated with ripple amplitude, differed across behavioral states, and also depended on the dynamics of hippocampal–cortical population activity. The MD suppression was the strongest and the most consistent during awake ripples. During non–rapid eye movement sleep, MD firing rate decreased around spindle-uncoupled ripples, but increased around spindle-coupled ripples. Our results suggest a competitive interaction between the thalamocortical and hippocampal–cortical networks supporting “on-line” and “off-line” information processing, respectively. We hypothesize that thalamic activity suppression during spindle-uncoupled ripples is favorable for memory replay, as it reduces interference from sensory relay. In turn, the thalamic input during hippocampal–cortical communication, as indicated by spindle/ripple coupling, may contribute to selectivity and reliability of information transfer. Both predictions need to be tested in future experiments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSystems mechanisms of declarative memory consolidation beyond the hippocampal–prefrontal interactions remain largely unexplored. The connectivity of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) with extrahippocampal regions and with medial prefrontal cortex underlies its role in execution of diverse cognitive functions. However, little is known about the MD involvement in “off-line” consolidation. We found that MD neural activity was transiently suppressed around hippocampal ripples, except for ripples co-occurring with sleep spindles, when the MD activity was elevated. The thalamic activity suppression at times of spindle-uncoupled ripples may be favorable for memory replay, as it reduces interference with sensory relay. In turn, the thalamic input during hippocampal–cortical communication, as indicated by spindle/ripple coupling, may contribute to selectivity and reliability of information transfer.
Resilience to Pain: A Peripheral Component Identified Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Dynamic Clamp
Authors: Mis Malgorzata A. , Yang Yang , Tanaka Brian S. , Gomis-Perez Carolina , Liu Shujun , Dib-Hajj Fadia , Adi Talia , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Schulman Betsy R. , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G.
Published: November 2018

Pain is a complex process that involves both detection in the peripheral nervous system and perception in the CNS. Individual-to-individual differences in pain are well documented, but not well understood. Here we capitalized on inherited erythromelalgia (IEM), a well characterized human genetic model of chronic pain, and studied a unique family containing related IEM subjects with the same disease-causing NaV1.7 mutation, which is known to make dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons hyperexcitable, but different pain profiles (affected son with severe pain, affected mother with moderate pain, and an unaffected father). We show, first, that, at least in some cases, relative sensitivity to pain can be modeled in subject-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neuronsin vitro; second, that, in some cases, mechanisms operating in peripheral sensory neurons contribute to interindividual differences in pain; and third, using whole exome sequencing (WES) and dynamic clamp, we show that it is possible to pinpoint a specific variant of another gene,KCNQin this particular kindred, that modulates the excitability of iPSC-derived sensory neurons in this family. While different gene variants may modulate DRG neuron excitability and thereby contribute to interindividual differences in pain in other families, this study shows that subject-specific iPSCs can be used to model interindividual differences in pain. We further provide proof-of-principle that iPSCs, WES, and dynamic clamp can be used to investigate peripheral mechanisms and pinpoint specific gene variants that modulate pain signaling and contribute to interindividual differences in pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividual-to-individual differences in pain are well documented, but not well understood. In this study, we show, first, that, at least in some cases, relative sensitivity to pain can be modeled in subject-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neuronsin vitro; second, that, in some cases, mechanisms operating in peripheral sensory neurons contribute to interindividual differences in pain; and third, using whole exome sequencing and dynamic clamp, we show that it is possible to pinpoint a specific gene variant that modulates pain signaling and contributes to interindividual differences in pain.
Association of mGluR-Dependent LTD of Excitatory Synapses with Endocannabinoid-Dependent LTD of Inhibitory Synapses Leads to EPSP to Spike Potentiation in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Kim Hye-Hyun , Park Joo Min , Lee Suk-Ho , Ho Won-Kyung
Published: November 2018

The input-output relationships in neural circuits are determined not only by synaptic efficacy but also by neuronal excitability. Activity-dependent alterations of synaptic efficacy have been extensively investigated, but relatively less is known about how the neuronal output is modulated when synaptic efficacy changes are associated with neuronal excitability changes. In this study, we demonstrate that paired pulses of low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) induced metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent LTD at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses in Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes), and this LTD was associated with EPSP to spike (E-S) potentiation, leading to the increase in action potential (AP) outputs. Threshold voltage (Vth) for APs evoked by synaptic stimulation and that by somatic current injection were hyperpolarized significantly after PP-LFS. Blockers of GABA receptors mimicked and occluded PP-LFS effects on E-S potentiation and Vthhyperpolarization, suggesting that suppression of GABAergic mechanisms is involved in E-S potentiation after PP-LFS. Indeed, IPSCs and tonic inhibitory currents were reduced after PP-LFS. The IPSC reduction was accompanied by increased paired-pulse ratio, and abolished by AM251, a blocker for Type 1 cannabinoid receptors, suggesting that PP-LFS suppresses presynaptic GABA release by mGluR-dependent endocannabinoids signaling. By contrast, a Group 1 mGluR agonist, 3, 5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, induced LTD at SC-CA1 synapses but failed to induce significant IPSC reduction and AP output increase. We propose that mGluR signaling that induces LTD coexpression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses regulates an excitation-inhibition balance to increase neuronal output in CA1 neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity are usually associated with excitability changes, the ability to fire action potentials. However, excitability changes have been regarded to play subsidiary roles to synaptic plasticity in modifying neuronal output. We demonstrate that, when metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent LTD is induced by paired pulses of low-frequency stimulation, the action potential output in response to a given input paradoxically increases, indicating that increased excitability is more powerful than synaptic depression. This increase is mediated by the suppression of a presynaptic GABA release via metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent endocannabinoid signaling. Our study shows that neuronal output changes do not always follow the direction of synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, highlighting the importance of regulating inhibitory tone via endocannabinoid signaling.