bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxyenamide als vielseitige Bausteine für eine hochgradig stereoselektive Eintopf‐Synthese der 1,3‐Diamino‐2‐ol‐Einheit mit drei fortlaufenden Stereozentren
Authors: Krieg Sara‐Cathrin , Grimmer Jennifer , Kramer Philipp , Bolte Michael , Kelm Harald , Manolikakes Georg
Published: August 2021

Es wird eine hochgradig diastereoselektive Eintopf‐Synthese der 1,3‐Diamino‐2‐Alkohol‐Einheit mit drei fortlaufenden Stereozentren beschrieben. Bei dieser Methode werden 2‐Oxyenamide als neue Bausteine für den raschen Aufbau des 1,3‐Diamin‐Gerüsts, mit einer zusätzlichen stereogenen Sauerstofffunktionalität in C2‐Position, eingesetzt. Zusätzlich wird über eine stereoselektive Synthese der erforderlichen (Z)‐Oxyenamide berichtet.
Oxyenamides as Versatile Building Blocks for a Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of the 1,3‐Diamino‐2‐ol‐Scaffold Containing Three Continuous Stereocenters
Authors: Krieg Sara‐Cathrin , Grimmer Jennifer , Kramer Philipp , Bolte Michael , Kelm Harald , Manolikakes Georg
Published: August 2021

A highly diastereoselective one‐pot synthesis of the 1,3‐diamino‐2‐alcohol unit bearing three continuous stereocenters is described. This method utilizes 2‐oxyenamides as a novel type of building block for the rapid assembly of the 1,3‐diamine scaffold containing an additional stereogenic oxygen functionality at the C2 position. A stereoselective preparation of the required (Z)‐oxyenamides is reported as well.
Isolable Geminal Bisgermenolates: A New Synthon in Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Drusgala Manfred , Frühwirt Philipp , Glotz Gabriel , Hogrefe Katharina , Torvisco Ana , Fischer Roland C. , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Gescheidt Georg , Haas Michael
Published: August 2021

We have synthesized the first isolable geminal bisenolates L2K2Ge[(CO)R]2 (R=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl (2 a,b), L=THF for (2 a) or [18]‐crown‐6 for (2 b)), a new synthon for the synthesis of organometallic reagents. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The UV/Vis spectra of these anions show three distinct bands, which were assigned by DFT calculations. The efficiency of 2 a,b to serve as new building block in macromolecular chemistry is demonstrated by the reactions with two different types of electrophiles (acid chlorides and alkyl halides). In all cases the salt metathesis reaction gave rise to novel Ge‐based photoinitiators in good yields.
Preparation of poly(lactic acid) with excellent comprehensive properties via simple deformation or microfibrillation of spherulites
Authors: Xiang Pei , Fan Lijun , Li Shen , Cao Nuo , Wan Chao , Bi Siwen , Chen Xuhang , Yu Peng
Published: August 2021

Our work overcomes the long‐standing challenge to achieve comprehensive improvements in thermo/mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), especially for impact toughness, strength, ductility, stiffness, and heat resistance. Simple deformation or microfibrillation of spherulites can create excellent thermo/mechanical properties making PLA compete against conventional petrochemical‐based polymers. It was performed by pressure‐induced‐flow (PIF) processing, and produced typical deformed spherulite structure and brick‐mud structure. It was found that the critical deformation degree of spherulites was around 2.7, beyond which spherulites would fragment. Through three transition stages of spherulite structures, deformed spherulite structures, and brick‐mud structure, PLA exhibited an enhancement of orientation, storage modulus and glass transition temperature. And a substantial increase was proved in impact strength (105.6 kJ/m2), tensile strength (148.4 MPa) and elongation at break (107.7%), which can be comparable to most engineering plastics. Both the deformed spherulite structures and the brick‐mud structures can enhance the impact toughness of PLA by increasing the fracture path of cracks. Besides, the evolution of the microstructure for a sandwich structure during PIF‐processing was proposed.
Preparation and anticorrosion properties of GO‐Ce‐MOF nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Chen Legang , Yu Zongxue , Yin Di , Cao Kunyao , Xie Chunxia , Zhu Lijuan , Jiang Yong
Published: August 2021

Herein, a new strategy for improving epoxy coatings' anti‐corrosion performance has been developed, which combined NH2‐Ce‐MOF with graphene oxide (GO) by hydrothermal method. First, the nanocomposite material's morphology and structure (GO‐Ce‐MOF) were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, TG, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. The dispersity of the composite in the epoxy coating was evaluated by SEM and mapping analysis. Meanwhile, the anti‐corrosion of as‐prepared composite coatings was investigated in detail by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the Tafel polarization curve test. The results illustrated that 2.0 wt% GO‐Ce‐MOF/EP greatly enhanced the composite coating's anti‐corrosion performance compared to other coatings. The reasons for the improvement of the anti‐corrosion performance of the composite coating are attributed to the following two aspects: On the one hand, the addition of GO can provide a physical barrier to form a labyrinth effect to slow down the invasion of corrosive media into the metal substrate, on the other hand, the modification of GO can GO‐Ce‐MOF achieve better compatibility and dispersion in epoxy resin.
Effect of size, concentration, and nature of fillers on crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites
Authors: Doumeng Marie , Berthet Florentin , Delbé Karl , Marsan Olivier , Denape Jean , Chabert France
Published: August 2021

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites exhibit high stiffness, chemical stability, and heat resistance and they are therefore employed in applications under severe operating environments. This work aims to provide insight into the effect of the size, concentration, and type of fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of PEEK. A total of 32 composites are used to highlight the influence of nature (lamellae, such as boron nitride and graphite and silicon carbide and alumina), size (nano and micrometric), and content (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) of fillers. The melting temperature and lamellar thickness did not change regardless of the nature of the filler. The thermomechanical analysis demonstrates that lamellar fillers form a percolating network and contribute significantly to the enhancement of the storage modulus. The increase in the storage modulus is proportional to the filler content, and it is more pronounced for micro composites. As expected, the percolating network is formed at lower concentrations for lamellar fillers than for spherical ones. The highest conductivity is achieved with graphite at 0.823 W m−1 K−1, which is twice that of PEEK for 10 vol%. Moreover, the use of micrometric fillers results in thermal conductivity enhancement attributed to the higher amount of efficient hot zones for heat transfer.
Association of Bone Erosions and Osteophytes With Systemic Bone Involvement on High‐Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Premenopausal Women With Longstanding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Perez Mariana O. , Figueiredo Camille P. , Sales Lucas P. , Medeiros‐Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Takayama Liliam , Domiciano Diogo S. , Bonfiglioli Karina , Caparbo Valeria F. , Pereira Rosa M. R.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate premenopausal women with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for potential associations between parameters of localized bone involvement and parameters of systemic bone involvement in the affected joints.

Methods

Eighty consecutively evaluated premenopausal women with RA were included in the study, along with 160 healthy female control subjects who were matched to the patients by age and body mass index. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microarchitecture, and finite elements of biomechanical bone strength (bone stiffness and estimated failure load) at the distal radius and distal tibia were analyzed by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) in patients with RA compared to healthy controls. In addition, in patients with RA, localized bone involvement in the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints was analyzed by HR‐pQCT, to identify bone erosions and osteophytes.

Results

Among the 80 premenopausal women with longstanding RA, the mean ± SD age was 39.4 ± 6.7 years and mean ± SD disease duration was 9.8 ± 5.3 years. Trabecular and cortical bone parameters and bone strength at the distal radius and distal tibia were all impaired in patients with RA compared to healthy controls (each P < 0.05). In total, 75% of RA patients had evidence of bone erosions, and 41.3% of RA patients had detectable osteophytes on HR‐pQCT. RA patients with bone erosions, as compared to RA patients without bone erosions, had lower cortical vBMD (at the distal radius, mean ± SD 980 ± 72 mg HA/cm3 versus 1,021 ± 47 mg HA/cm3 [P = 0.03]; at the distal tibia, 979 ± 47 mg HA/cm3 versus 1,003 ± 34 mg HA/cm3 [P = 0.04]) and higher cortical bone porosity (at the distal radius, mean ± SD 2.8 ± 2.5% versus 1.8 ± 1.6% [P = 0.04]; at the distal tibia, 3.7 ± 1.6% versus 2.7 ± 1.6% [P = 0.01]). In patients with RA, osteophyte volume at the distal radius was positively correlated with trabecular vBMD (r = 0.392, P = 0.02), trabecular number (r = 0.381, P = 0.03), and trabecular stiffness (r = 0.411, P = 0.02), and negatively correlated with trabecular separation (r = −0.364, P = 0.04), as determined by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation test.

Conclusion

The findings show that premenopausal women with longstanding RA have systemic bone fragility at peripheral joint sites. Moreover, the presence of bone erosions is mainly associated with cortical bone fragility at the distal radius and tibia, and presence of osteophytes is associated with repair of trabecular bone at the distal radius.
Metal Effect Meets Volcano Plots: A DFT Study on Tris(phosphino)borane‐Transition Metal Complexes Catalyzed H2 Activation
Authors: Su Peifeng , Li Yinwu , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: August 2021

Bifunctional transition metal complexes are of particular interest in metal‐ligand cooperative activation of small molecules. As a novel type of bifunctional catalyst, Lewis acid transition metal (LA‐TM) complexes have attracted increasing interest in hydrogen activation and storage. To advance the catalyst design, herein the metal effect of LA‐TM complexes on the hydrogen activation has been systematically studied with a series of tris(phosphino)borane (TPB) complexes with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni as metal centers. The metal effect not only influences the mechanism of hydrogen activation, but also notably casts a volcano plot for the activity. TPB complexes of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co tend to activate H2 through a stepwise mechanism, while TPB‐Ni prefers a synergetic mechanism for H2 activation. More importantly, the metal effect significantly influences the activity of H2 activation and the formation of the LA‐H‐TM bridging hydride. The trend of changes in the LA‐H‐TM structures, the second‐order perturbation stabilization energies, and the Laplacian bond orders, along with different metals (from V to Ni), are all interestingly constitute volcano plots for the performance of TPB‐TM complexes catalyzed H2 activation. TPB‐Mn and TPB‐Fe are found to be the optimal catalysts among the discussed TPB‐TM complexes. The volcano plots disclosed for the metal effects should be informative and instructive for homogeneous and heterogeneous LA‐TM catalysts development.
Fabrication of Ultrathin Membranes Using 2D‐MOF Nanosheets for Tunable Gas Separation
Authors: Li Yuxiao , Wang Ting , Liu Dahuan
Published: August 2021

Two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) nanosheets have emerged as novel membrane materials for gas separation. However, the development of ultrathin MOF membranes with tunable separation performances is still a challenge. Herein, we developed a facile GO‐assisted restacking method to fabricate defect‐free membranes with monolayer Zr‐BTB nanosheets. Obtained ultrathin membranes ranging from 130 nm to 320 nm show tunable separation performances and exceed the 2008 Robeson upper bound by changing the amount of nanolayers in vertical stacking direction. Furthermore, a heating filtration method was used to change the restacking process of nanosheets in the horizontal direction. As a result, H2/CO2 selectivity can be enhanced by two times with the same membrane thickness (130 nm) and H2 permeance is almost maintained to be 7.0×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 pa−1. This method may provide a possible way to efficiently tune the gas separation performances of MOF membranes.
Difference in the lightning frequency between the July 2018 heavy rainfall event over central Japan and the 2017 northern Kyushu heavy rainfall event in Japan
Authors: Sato Yousuke , Hayashi Syugo , Hashimoto Akihiro
Published: August 2021

The causes for the differences in the lightning frequency between two heavy rainfall events, the 2017 northern Kyushu heavy rainfall event and the 2018 heavy rainfall event in central Japan, were examined using a numerical model coupled with an explicit bulk lightning model. These heavy rainfall events occurred near the Baiu frontal system of Japan in July, but the characteristics of rainfall differed. The former case was categorised as an extreme rainfall and extreme convective event by previous satellite observational studies, and the lightning frequency was high. Conversely, the latter case was categorised as an extreme rainfall without extreme convection event, and the lightning frequency was low. The numerical model used in this study successfully reproduced the differences in the lightning frequency between the two cases. Our analyses indicated that the differences in the lightning frequency between the two cases were attributed to the differences in the vertical structure of the charge separation rate and the charge density, which originated from the difference in the vertical distribution of graupel.
The pandemic and resilience for the future: AccBio 2021
Authors: McGovern Āine T. , Salisbury Cleo M. , Nyberg Gregg B.
Published: August 2021

The year 2020 brought the onslaught of a global crisis in the form of the COVID‐19 pandemic. While nearly every facet of everyday life and work was impacted by the pandemic, the biopharmaceutical industry found silver linings in innovation, partnership, and resiliency, all of which contributed to unprecedented speed in developing and delivering vaccines and therapies. The 7th International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development (AccBio 2021) brought together industry leaders to share experiences from the past year and discuss how lessons learned from the pandemic can be carried forward into the future of biopharmaceutical development. Presenters highlighted examples such as introducing biotherapeutics derived from non‐clonal cell pools into the clinic, developing modular or platform technologies, and taking novel risks, among others. These strategies for enabling speed to clinic and launch, as well as for sustaining a robust supply chain, are likely to be integrated into future programs to ensure biomanufacturing resiliency and get medicines to patients faster than pre‐pandemic times.
Application of VR technology in civil engineering education
Authors: Wang Chen , Tang Yutong , Kassem Mukhtar A. , Li Heng , Hua Bingqing
Published: August 2021

Virtual reality (VR) technology is a kind of computer simulation system that can create and experience the virtual world. It uses computers to generate a simulation environment. It is a system simulation of multisource information fusion, interactive three‐dimensional dynamic view, and physical behavior for users to immerse in the environment. The practical application of virtual instructional models is developed to support civil engineering teaching, disciplines related to civil engineering processes, including classroom education and e‐learning technologies. The virtual model can be interactively operated, allowing the teacher or student to monitor the physical evolution of the work and the progress of architectural activities inherent in it. This paper analyzes the development status of VR and its application in teaching research and describes the application of a VR teaching model to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of VR teaching. The developed application can display the physical evolution of the task, detect the planned construction sequence, and view the shape details of each construction component. The use of VR technology in developing these instructional applications contributes to education by increasing the efficiency of the models to allow for the interactivity of each simulation task. Therefore, the new concept of VR technology applied in teaching mode brings a new perspective to civil engineering education.
Relationship of established risk factors with breast cancer subtypes
Authors: McCarthy Anne Marie , Friebel‐Klingner Tara , Ehsan Sarah , He Wei , Welch Michaela , Chen Jinbo , Kontos Despina , Domchek Susan M. , Conant Emily F. , Semine Alan , Hughes Kevin , Bardia Aditya , Lehman Constance , Armstrong Katrina
Published: August 2021

Background

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, divided into subtypes based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Subtypes have different biology and prognosis, with accumulating evidence of different risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer risk factors across tumor subtypes in a large, diverse mammography population.

Methods

Women aged 40–84 without a history of breast cancer with a screening mammogram at three United States health systems from 2006 to 2015 were included. Risk factor questionnaires were completed at mammogram visit, supplemented by electronic health records. Invasive tumor subtype was defined by immunohistochemistry as ER/PR+HER2−, ER/PR+HER2+, ER, and PR−HER2+, or triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cox proportional hazards models were run for each subtype. Associations of race, reproductive history, prior breast problems, family history, breast density, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The association of tumor subtypes with screen detection and interval cancer was assessed using logistic regression among invasive cases.

Results

The study population included 198,278 women with a median of 6.5 years of follow‐up (IQR 4.2–9.0 years). There were 4002 invasive cancers, including 3077 (77%) ER/PR+HER2−, 300 (8%) TNBC, 342 (9%) ER/PR+HER2+, and 126 (3%) ER/PR−HER2+ subtype. In multivariate models, Black women had 2.7 times higher risk of TNBC than white women (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.99–3.58). Breast density was associated with increased risk of all subtypes. BMI was more strongly associated with ER/PR+HER2− and HER2+ subtypes among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. Breast density was more strongly associated with ER/PR+HER2− and TNBC among premenopausal than postmenopausal women. TNBC was more likely to be interval cancer than other subtypes.

Conclusions

These results have implications for risk assessment and understanding of the etiology of breast cancer subtypes. More research is needed to determine what factors explain the higher risk of TNBC for Black women.
Mortality associated with the use of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in cancer patients: Dabigatran versus rivaroxaban
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Kuan Feng‐Che , Chao Tze‐Fan , Wu Michael , Chen Shao‐Wei , Chen Mien‐Cheng , Chung Chang‐Ming , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Wu Victor Chien‐Chia
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study assesses the mortality outcomes of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Medical records of cancer patients receiving NOACs for VTE or AF between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Institute Research Database. NOACs were compared using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. The primary outcome was cancer‐related death. Secondary outcomes were all‐cause mortality, major bleeding, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Results

Among 202,754 patients who received anticoagulants, 3591 patients (dabigatran: 907; rivaroxaban: 2684) with active cancers were studied. Patients who received dabigatran were associated with lower risks of cancer‐related death at one year (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.93) and at the end of follow‐ups (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.98) compared with rivaroxaban. Patients who received dabigatran were also associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67–0.97), major bleeding (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47–0.88), and GI bleeding (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.84) at the end of follow‐ups compared with rivaroxaban.

Conclusion

Compared with rivaroxaban, the use of dabigatran may be associated with a lower risk of cancer‐related death and all‐cause mortality.
Teaching during a pandemic: Insights into faculty teaching practices and implications for future improvement
Authors: Crespín‐Trujillo Valerie , Hora Matthew T.
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted courses at community colleges and forced a transition to emergency remote learning. This article focuses on the impacts of the rapid shift to online teaching on community college instructors and includes recommendations on ways for institutions to support faculty through professional development in curriculum, instruction, and virtual student engagement.
What does culturally relevant pedagogy mean in the community college context?
Authors: Doran Erin E.
Published: August 2021

The broad diversity of the students who enroll in community colleges requires understanding more about the pedagogical techniques that respond to the needs of students. This article presents findings from a study of 149 community college instructors in which they define for themselves culturally relevant teaching.
Building community college leadership through geoscience faculty development
Authors: Nagy Elizabeth A. , Gilbert Lisa A.
Published: August 2021

In this article, we describe two large‐scale, professional development programs that are grounded in communities of practice in the geosciences. Each program uniquely fostered leadership skills among the participants, and many community college instructors emerged as leaders on their campuses and beyond.
3D model‐guided transcatheter closure of ascending aorta pseudoaneurysm with the novel Amplatzer Trevisio intravascular delivery system
Authors: Cuman Magdalena , Clemente Alberto , Celi Simona , Santoro Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

Ascending aorta pseudoaneurysm (AAP) is a rare but life‐threatening complication of atherosclerosis, endocarditis, chest trauma, transcatheter or cardio‐thoracic procedures. Since surgical repair is burdened by high morbidity and mortality, percutaneous closure is nowadays considered a valuable cost‐effective therapeutic alternative. Due to unpredictability and complexity of local anatomy, no standardized technique and device are advised. In this setting, 3D printing technology could significantly help in planning trans‐catheter approach. This article reports on a 3D printed model‐guided percutaneous closure of a huge AAP using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder (Abbott, Plymouth MN) implanted by the recently commercialized Amplatzer Trevisio Intravascular Delivery System.
Coronary stent positioning under live IVUS guidance in low contrast percutaneous coronary interventions: The live IVUS stenting technique
Authors: Lichaa Hady
Published: August 2021

In patients with renal insufficiency, advanced techniques have been described to achieve ultra‐low contrast or zero contrast percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, these techniques use intra‐coronary imaging before stent placement to determine adequate landing zones, by correlating them with saved fluoroscopic landmarks. Still, this leaves the operator with a certain degree of uncertainty about the exact lesion coverage, which is checked with post‐stent intra‐coronary imaging. We hereby describe a novel technique which takes away the concern of uncertainty regarding stent‐landing zones and allows for the highest amount of precision in stent positioning, arguably even better than with the use of angiography. This technique involves positioning coronary stents under the live guidance of an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter which is positioned simultaneously, side by side to a stent. This technique takes advantage of all the benefits of IVUS based PCI without losing the precision in stent positioning when compared to traditional angiography. It simplifies the application of low contrast PCI by the interventional cardiology community, while maintaining the confidence in precise stenting. It has also the potential to decrease the incidence of contrast‐induced nephropathy, hence procedural morbidity, while allowing for optimal long‐term image based PCI outcomes. Obviously, it applies to moderate or larger coronary segments, without significant tortuosity. It also comes at the expense of slightly larger guide catheters, which is compensated for by the use of thin walled sheaths or sheathless catheter systems. Finally, radial access is still applicable depending on radial artery size and available equipment.
First case of four spontaneously conceived successful pregnancies after fertility‐sparing surgery for cervical cancer
Authors: Metzler Julian Matthias , Schaer Gabriel , Imesch Patrick
Published: August 2021

Cervical cancer represents a particular burden when affecting women in their fertile years. Fertility‐sparing surgery such as trachelectomy can maintain a woman`s childbearing ability. Favorable outcomes are possible, as depicted in this case.
Durable complete response to immunotherapy with anti‐PD‐1 antibody nivolumab in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma presenting with lung metastasis: A case report
Authors: Sekido Katsuhisa , Imaue Shuichi , Tomihara Kei , Tachinami Hidetake , Yamagishi Kentaro , Okazawa Seisuke , Ikeda Atsushi , Fujiwara Kumiko , Noguchi Makoto
Published: August 2021

Although the optimal treatment method for metastatic oral cancer remains largely unknown, the present case suggests that immunotherapy is a potentially promising alternative for metastatic oral cancer in which other therapies are no longer effective.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome after aortic, tricuspid, and mitral valve surgery
Authors: Aldamouk Amer , Saini Harneel , Henn Lucas W. , Marnejon Thomas , Gemmel David J.
Published: August 2021

Guillain‐Barré syndrome incidence within 8 weeks of a surgical procedure appears to be more common than previously thought. GBS following open‐heart surgery is exceedingly rare, perhaps underdiagnosed or underreported given surveillance data incidence. Clinicians should be keenly aware of this association and quickly consider a GBS diagnosis.
Lamina cribrosa perforation during nasotracheal intubation in neonates: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Lupi Fiorenzo , Staffler Alex , Parmeggiani Lucio , Klemme Mathias , Dalla Pozza Robert , Stuefer Josef , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Peraud Aurelia , Flemmer Andreas W.
Published: August 2021

Intracranial penetration during attempted nasotracheal intubation is a potentially devastating complication, which should be carefully evaluated and the risk should be addressed in neonatal resuscitation trainings.
Recurrent arteriovenous graft thrombosis in COVID‐19 positive patient
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Bansal Saurabh , Singhania Namrata , Singhania Girish
Published: August 2021

Hypercoagulability is one of the common complications seen in COVID‐19. It can lead to multiple thromboembolic complications. Recurrent arteriovenous graft thrombosis can be one of complications from this pathophysiology.
The unusual case of babesiosis causing disseminated intravascular coagulation with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Goodman Alexandra , Bilal Musa , Amarnath Shivantha , Gentile Teresa , Shepherd Zachary
Published: August 2021

Babesiosis is increasing in the elderly due to an age‐related decline in immunity. Prompt diagnosis with blood smear and PCR prevent life‐threatening complications, like DIC and HLH. Studies focusing on pathophysiology and risk factors are needed.
Perioperative management of von Willebrand patients at the time of implant placement: Case report
Authors: Takashima Hiroyuki , Sato (Boku) Aiji , Miyamoro Hironori , Kato Shinichiro , Furuno Shota , Shibuya Yasuyuki
Published: August 2021

In the management of patients with type 1 von Willebrand disease, supplementation with Con Facto F® as well as hemodynamic stabilization with appropriate analgesia and sedation may be important to reduce the risk of bleeding.
Take a “Snapshot” of New Syntheses, Reactions, and Characterizations from Unusual Unsaturated Ring Strained Group 4 Metallacycles
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe
Published: August 2021

Recently published syntheses, reactions and characterizations of unusual unsaturated ring strained Group 4 metallocene metallacycles like metalla‐cyclocumulenes, ‐cycloallenes and ‐cycloalkynes with different ring size are updated for the last three years. There exist for some of these metallacycles, depending on the ring size, 7‐, 5‐ and 4‐membered compounds. The new results for these metallacycles are summarized here and considered in addition to the former published results. Additionally, several compounds of this type were now characterized by new reactions. For a better understanding of these compounds, some spectroscopical methods as well as theoretical calculations were published. Despite of these all‐C‐metallacycles, only in some cases the syntheses and reactions for the corresponding hetero‐metallacycles were published too. Examples for these metallaheterocyclic compounds will not be considered in this article. All these unusual ring strained compounds have a great potential for a lot of interesting synthetic applications in the future. Additionally, they are very interesting from the theoretical point of view.
Recent Progress in Metal‐Organic Frameworks@Cellulose Hybrids and Their Applications
Authors: Liu Xiongli , Xiao Yun , Zhang Zhiyuan , You Zifeng , Li Jinli , Ma Dingxuan , Li Baiyan
Published: August 2021

In recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting increasing attention due to their charming properties. However, the intrinsic fragility, powdered crystalline state, and poor processibility of MOFs hinder their further application. By this, the designs of MOF‐based aerogels, hydrogels, membranes are effective ways to solve this problem. Graphene, silica, synthetic polymer and cellulose are the commonly used raw materials for fabricating MOF‐based aerogels, hydrogels, and membranes. Among them, cellulose and its derivatives are the best candidates to support the powdered MOFs from the perspectives of economy, environmental protection and property. This review focuses on discussing the advantages of MOF@cellulose hybrids in applications such as water treatment, antibacterial, gas separation and adsorption, energy storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and other smart composites. MOF@cellulose‐based aerogels, hydrogels and membranes can provide valuable guidance for investigating the practical application of MOFs in terms of processability, reusability, stability and easiness in handling.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of the α2C‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist BAY 1193397 in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Kapsa Stefanie , Thuss Uwe , Boxnick Stefanie , Schaumann Frank , Schultz Armin , Unger Sigrun , Otto Christiane
Published: August 2021

The α2C‐adrenoreceptor antagonist BAY 1193397 is in development for the oral treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BAY 1193397 were investigated in 3 randomized, single‐center phase 1 studies in healthy male subjects: a first‐in‐human study (single oral doses of 0.5‐50 mg), a relative bioavailability and food effect study (single doses of 1 and 10 mg), and a multiple‐dose escalation study (using 2 and 5 mg twice daily and 10 and 20 mg once daily for 9 consecutive days). BAY 1193397 was rapidly absorbed in the fasted state, peak concentrations were reached between 0.6 and 2 hours. The mean terminal half‐life was in the range of 17 to 20 hours. Area under the plasma concentration–time curve and maximum concentration appeared to be dose proportional, with a negligible food effect. There were no high‐accumulation effects of BAY 1193397 after repeated dosing. BAY 1193397 was safe and well tolerated. At supratherapeutic plasma concentrations, there were slight transient increases in norepinephrine levels, heart rate, and blood pressure that were more pronounced after a single dose compared to steady state and appeared to be maximum concentration dependent. The results of the presented studies support the conduct of subsequent clinical trials with BAY 1193397 in patients with diabetes and compromised microcirculation.
Dissection of two quantitative trait loci for grain length linked on the long arm of chromosome 5 in rice
Authors: Niu Xiaojun , Zhang Zhenhua , Chan Aye Nyein , Fan Yeyang , Tang Shaoqing , Yu Sibin , Zhuang Jieyun , Zhu Yujun
Published: August 2021

Grain size is the major determinant of grain weight and has an important role in grain quality. It is controlled by several major quantitative trait loci (QTL) and many minor QTL. Identification of QTL for grain size is important for understanding the genetic and molecular network regulating grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Following previous identification of QTL for grain weight and size using an F2:3 family derived from the indica rice cross Teqing/IRBB52, one QTL, qTGW5, having significant effects on grain length and weight, was targeted for validation, dissection, and fine‐mapping. First, the effect of qTGW5 was validated using two near‐isogenic line (NIL)‐F2 populations. Then, qTGW5 was dissected into two closely linked QTL using four NIL populations. One of them, qGL5.1, having significant effects on grain length, width, and weight, was located within an 1,896.4‐kb region. The other one, qGL5.2, controlling grain length, was further delimited into a 68.8‐kb region using seven NIL‐F2 populations. Six annotated genes were found in the qGL5.2 region, of which five showed nucleotide polymorphisms between the two parental lines. Three of the six annotated genes showed significant expression differences between NILTeqing and NILIRBB52 in young panicles using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results will facilitate cloning the minor QTL and understanding the genetic architecture for grain size in rice.
Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Metallocene‐based Transition Metal Sulfides Integrated with N‐doped Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Thangasamy Pitchai , Nam Sanghee , Oh Saewoong , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: August 2021

In this study, utilizing metallocene and organosulfur chelating agent, an innovative synthetic route was developed towards electrochemically activated transition metal sulfides entrapped in pyridinic nitrogen‐incorporated carbon nanostructures for superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Most importantly, the preferential electrochemical activation process, which consisted of both anodic and cathodic pre‐treatment steps, strikingly enhanced OER and long‐lasting cyclic stability. The substantial increase in OER electrocatalytic activity of Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC and Co9S8−NC during the activation process was mainly attributed to the increase of faradaic active site density on the catalytic layer resulting from the reconstruction of catalytic interfaces. It was also found that Fe‐based metallocene [ferrocene (Fc)]‐incorporation in the Co9S8−NC and Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC nanostructures significantly boosted the OER activity. Thus, the combined effects of Fc‐incorporation and the electrochemical activation process reduced the overpotential to about 115 and 95 mV on the Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC and Co9S8−NC nanostructures to derive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Notably, Fc−Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC electrocatalysts required very small overpotentials of around 222, 244, and 280 mV to acquire the current densities of 10, 20, and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. This work opens up a new avenue for superior OER electrocatalysts by the utilization of metallocene and the preferential electrochemical activation process.
The role of carbonate factories and sea water chemistry on basin‐wide ramp to high‐relief carbonate platform evolution: Triassic, Nanpanjiang Basin, South China
Authors: Lehrmann Daniel J. , Stepchinski Leanne M. , Wolf Hannah E. , Li Liangzi , Li Xiaowei , Minzoni Marcello , Yu Meiyi , Payne Jonathan L.
Published: August 2021

The end‐Permian extinction and its aftermath altered carbonate factories globally for millions of years, but its impact on platform geometries remains poorly understood. Here, the evolution in architecture and composition of two exceptionally exposed platforms in the Nanpanjiang Basin are constrained and compared with geochemical proxies to evaluate controls on platform geometries. Geochemical proxies indicate elevated siliciclastic and nutrient fluxes in the basal Triassic, at the Induan—Olenekian boundary and in the uppermost Olenekian. Cerium/Ce* shifts from high Ce/Ce* values and a lack of Ce anomaly indicating anoxia during the Lower Triassic to a negative Ce anomaly indicating oxygenation in the latest Olenekian and Anisian. Uranium and Mo depletion represents widespread anoxia in the world's oceans in the Early Triassic with progressive oxygenation in the Anisian. Carbonate factories shifted from skeletal in the Late Permian to abiotic and microbial in the Early Triassic before returning to skeletal systems in the Middle Triassic, Anisian coincident with declining anoxia. Margin facies shifted to oolitic grainstone in the Early Triassic with development of giant ooids and extensive marine cements. Anisian margins, in contrast, are boundstone with a diverse skeletal component. The shift in platform architecture from ramp to steep, high‐relief, flat‐topped profiles is decoupled from carbonate compositions having occurred in the Olenekian prior to the onset of basin oxygenation and biotic stabilisation of the margins. A basin‐wide synchronous shift from ramp to high‐relief platforms points to a combination of high subsidence rate and basin starvation coupled with high rates of abiotic and microbial carbonate accumulation and marine cement stabilisation of oolitic margins as the primary causes for margin up‐building. High sea water carbonate saturation resulting from a lack of skeletal sinks for precipitation, and basin anoxia promoting an expanded depth of carbonate supersaturation, probably contributed to marine cement stabilisation of margins that stimulated the shift from ramp to high‐relief platform architecture.
Evolutionary patterns of nucleotide substitution rates in plastid genomes of Quercus
Authors: Li Xuan , Li Yongfu , Sylvester Steven Paul , Zang Mingyue , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Fang Yanming
Published: August 2021

Molecular evolution, including nucleotide substitutions, plays an important role in understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species evolution. Here, we sequenced whole plastid genomes (plastomes) of Quercus fabri, Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus engleriana, and Quercus phellos and compared them with 14 other Quercus plastomes to explore their evolutionary relationships using 67 shared protein‐coding sequences. While many previously identified evolutionary relationships were found, our findings do not support previous research which retrieve Quercus subg. Cerris sect. Ilex as a monophyletic group, with sect. Ilex found to be polyphyletic and composed of three strongly supported lineages inserted between sections Cerris and Cyclobalanposis. Compared with gymnosperms, Quercus plastomes showed higher evolutionary rates (Dn/Ds = 0.3793). Most protein‐coding genes experienced relaxed purifying selection, and the high Dn value (0.1927) indicated that gene functions adjusted to environmental changes effectively. Our findings suggest that gene interval regions play an important role in Quercus evolution. We detected greater variation in the intergenic regions (trnH‐psbA, trnK_UUU‐rps16, trnfM_CAU‐rps14, trnS_GCU‐trnG_GCC, and atpF‐atpH), intron losses (petB and petD), and pseudogene loss and degradation (ycf15). Additionally, the loss of some genes suggested the existence of gene exchanges between plastid and nuclear genomes, which affects the evolutionary rate of the former. However, the connective mechanism between these two genomes is still unclear.
Disentangling complex genomic signals to understand population structure of an exploited, estuarine‐dependent flatfish
Authors: O'Leary Shannon J. , Hollenbeck Christopher M. , Vega Robert R. , Portnoy David S.
Published: August 2021

Interpreting contemporary patterns of population structure requires an understanding of the interactions among microevolutionary forces and past demographic events. Here, 4,122 SNP‐containing loci were used to assess structure in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) sampled across its range in the US Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and relationships among components of genomic variation and spatial and environmental variables were assessed across estuarine population samples in the Gulf. While hierarchicalAmovarevealed significant heterogeneity within and between the Atlantic and Gulf, pairwise comparisons between samples within ocean basins demonstrated that all significant heterogeneity occurred within the Gulf. The distribution of Tajima'sDestimated at a genome‐wide scale differed significantly from equilibrium in all estuaries, with more negative values occurring in the Gulf. Components of genomic variation were significantly associated with environmental variables describing individual estuaries, and environment explained a larger component of variation than spatial proximity. Overall, results suggest that there is genetic spatial autocorrelation caused by shared larval sources for proximal nurseries (migration/drift), but that it is modified by environmentally driven differentiation (selection). This leads to conflicting signals in different parts of the genome and creates patterns of divergence that do not correspond to paradigms of strong local directional selection.
Turbulence structure and longitudinal velocity distribution of open channel flows with reedy emergent vegetation
Authors: Wang Jiasheng , Liu Xiaoguang , Min Fengyang , Dai Juan , Jiang Xi
Published: August 2021

The vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity and the turbulence structure of open channel flows with natural‐like reedy emergent vegetation were investigated in this study. The natural‐like reedy vegetation consisted of a basal stem and flexible blades with shape and reconfiguration behaviour comparable with those found in actual riparian areas. The 3D velocity field was measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The vertically non‐uniform distribution of the frontal area could dramatically affect the exchange of mass and momentum between emergent vegetation and their surroundings. The average time velocity profile varied inversely with the frontal area. The high velocity gradient appearing at the middle section of the zone with frontal area varied considerably. The structures of vortices and vertical transport were analysed using spectral analysis and conditional sampling to identify the prominent vortical structures and their contribution to momentum transport. Spectral analysis suggested that the stem‐scale vortices set by stem spacing where the vertical frontal area had no clear change were dominant, and shear‐layer vortices where vertical frontal area dramatically changed cannot be disregarded. Quadrant analysis showed that inward and outward interactions were the dominant contributors to Reynolds stress, excluding the zones approaching the channel boundary and the vertical frontal area that dramatically changed. A four‐layer model was developed to predict the vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity with a newly established profile of local drag coefficient. The predicting results agreed well with the experimental data.
Sacubitril/valsartan decreases mortality in the rat model of the isoprenaline‐induced takotsubo‐like syndrome
Authors: Ali Anwar , Redfors Björn , Alkhoury Jessica , Oras Jonatan , Henricsson Marcus , Boren Jan , Björnson Elias , Espinosa Aaron , Levin Malin , Gan Li‐Ming , Omerovic Elmir
Published: August 2021

Aims

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute potentially reversible cardiac syndrome characterized by variable regional myocardial akinesia that cannot be attributed to a culprit coronary artery occlusion. TTS is an important differential diagnosis of acute heart failure where brain natriuretic peptides are elevated. Sacubitril/valsartan is a novel and effective pharmacological agent for the treatment of patients with heart failure. Our aim was to explore whether treatment with sacubitril/valsartan could prevent isoprenaline‐induced takotsubo‐like phenotype in rats.

Methods and results

A total number of 186 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomized to receive pretreatment with water (CONTROL, n = 62), valsartan (VAL, n = 62), or sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL, n = 62) before receiving isoprenaline for induction of TTS. We recorded heart rate and blood pressure invasively. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated by high‐resolution echocardiography 90 min after the administration of isoprenaline. We documented the survival rate at the time of echocardiography. Compared with the CONTROL group, the SAC/VAL group had less pronounced TTS‐like cardiac dysfunction and lower mortality rate, while the VAL group did not differ. Heart rate and blood pressure were not significantly different between the groups. Analysis of cardiac lipids was performed with mass spectrometry. The VAL and SAC/VAL groups had significantly higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), in particular LPC 18:1 and LPC 16:0.

Conclusions

Pretreatment with sacubitril/valsartan but not with valsartan reduces mortality and attenuates isoprenaline‐induced apical akinesia in the TTS‐like model in rats. Sacubitril/valsartan could be a potential treatment option in patients with TTS in humans.
Clustering of Electron Deficient B‐ and Be‐Containing Analogues: In the Fight for Tetracoordination, Beryllium Takes the Lead
Authors: Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Alkorta Ibon , Mó Otilia , Elguero José , Yáñez Manuel
Published: August 2021

Despite being neighbors in the periodic table and highly electron‐deficient elements, beryllium and boron can lead to complexes with distinctive peculiarities. CCSD(T) calculations using 6‐31+G(d,p) and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets on B3LYP optimized geometries with the same basis set expansions have been carried out to characterize the structures, bonding and stability of (BeX2)m : (BX3)n(n=0,1,2; m=0,1,2; X=F, Cl, CN, NC, CCH) complexes. The differences between Be and B are already manifested in their dimerization patterns, since (BeX2)2homodimers are very stable, BeX2 : BX3heterodimers are systematically less stable than Be‐homodimers, and (BX3)2homodimers are in almost all cases not prone to form. This trend is a reflection of the strongly electropositive nature of Be compared with B. Larger clusters exhibit the same behavior, as no stable BeX2(BX3)2trimers can be found with two BX3monomers being neighbors. Conversely, all (BeX2)2(BX3) trimers present, as a global minimum, a structure in which the two BeX2monomers are bonded, whereas for the (BeX2)2(BX3)2tetramers the (BeX2)2subunit is at the center of the cluster. The relevance of this binding pattern in the global stability is supported by an excellent correlation between the stabilization energies and the number of Be−Be and Be−B interactions the clusters present, with a clear preference for maximizing facing Be subunits. One obvious consequence is that the stability of the complexes increases dramatically with their size in a fashion that can be easily predicted.