bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC METAL Ni-YSZ PREPARED FROM LOCAL ZIRCON SAND AT VARIOUS Ni:YSZ COMPOSITION
Authors: Apriany Karima , Rahmawati Fitria , Heraldy Eddy , Syarif Dani G , Soepriyanto Syoni
Published: June 2018

This research synthesized a cermet Ni-YSZ, in which the YSZ (yttria stabilized-zirconia) was synthesized from the local zircon sand, ZrSiO4, as a side product of tin mining plant in Bangka island, Indonesia. The synthesized YSZ in this research is zirconia, ZrO2 doped by 8 % mol of yttrium dioxide. The synthesis used solid state reaction method and the result was characterized its crystal structure and its cell parameters by XRD analysis equipped with Le Bail refinement, surface morphology analysis, and an impedance analysis to understand its ionic conductivity. The cermet Ni-YSZ was synthesized at a various composition of Ni:YSZ i.e., 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (b/b). The analysis shows that Ni-YSZ is in two phases of Ni and YSZ without any presence of a third phase. It indicates that there was no solid state reaction between Ni and YSZ during synthesis. In this Ni-YSZ cermet, the Ni phase in a cubic structure, and the YSZ is also in a cubic structure. Morphological study shows that the addition of Ni to YSZ allows the morphology to become more roughness with larger grain size. This research found that the Ni-YSZ 20:80 has highest ionic conductivity.
APPLICATION OF HPLC-BASED METABOLOMICS TO IDENTIFY RETENTION TIMES ANTIBACTERIAL COMPONENTS OF Stapylococcus aureus FROM KECOMBRANG FLOWER EXTRACT (Etlingera elatior)
Authors: Maser Wahyu Haryati , Yuliana Nancy Dewi
Published: June 2018

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a well-known herb in Indonesia that is widely used in traditional medicine and as a flavour in local dishes. The aim of this study was to identify retention time of antibacterial components from kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elatior) by HPLC-based metabolomics method. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts, chloroform, and water fractions was assessed by well-diffusion agar method against Staphylococcus aureus. Only chloroform fraction showed medium inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC chemical profiles of the fractions were then correlated to their antibacterial activity profile by means of Orthogonal Projection to Latent Sructure (OPLS) analysis. Peak area with retention time of 0.96 - 1.12 min present in chloroform fraction at UV 250 nm was found to significantly correlate to the antibacterial activity (Y related coefficient value 0.73).
GALLIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM WASTE LOCAL FRUIT IN LOMBOK ISLAND ENZYMATICALLY
Authors: Junaidi Eka , Anwar Yunita Arian Sani
Published: June 2018

Tannase is industrially important enzyme used in the production of gallic acid. Gallic acid possesses wide range of biological activities such as`antioxidant, antibacterial, and antivirus. This work aims to produce gallic acid from local fruit rind in Lombok enzimatically. The tested rind local fruit were juwet (Syzygium cumini), kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa Muell.Arg) and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The result showed that tannase activity of 57.827 U/mg. Gallic acid concentration has increased with increase in amount of tannase and reaction time. Optimal gallic acid concentration was obtained at 1 % (v/v) tannase and 60 minutes of reaction time for kepundung rind. However, juwet and mangosteen rind produced optimal gallic acid at 1.2 % (v/v) tannase with the same of reaction time.
THE INFLUENCE OF COATING MATERIAL DIFFERENCE AGAINST ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF RED GINGER OLEORESIN
Authors: Jayanudin Jayanudin , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Renaldi M. Kemal , Pangihutan Pangihutan
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different coating materials on the efficiency of red ginger oleoresin encapsulation and characterization of microcapsule surface. The encapsulation process begins by dissolving chitosan with 1 % (v/v) acetic acid and dissolving sodium alginate using aquadest to be used as a coating material. Red ginger oleoresin alginate included in the solution was stirred. The mixture entered into the chitosan solution and added tween 80 was stirred using a homogenizer to emulsify. The emulsion that forms included in the spray dryer to be converted into a powder of microcapsules, and then analyzes the encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology of microcapsules using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences in the coating material used were chitosan, mixture of chitosan-alginate and mixture of chitosan-alginate-sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Weight ratio of red ginger oleoresin and the coating material were 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3. The research results obtained were the highest encapsulation efficiency obtained from the coating material of the chitosan-alginate-sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at a ratio of 1: 3, namely by 85 %.
CALCINATION ON Ca-Mg-Al HYDROTALCITE FROM BRINE WATER AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Heraldy Eddy , Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: June 2018

The study of calcination at 450 ºC on Ca-Mg-Al-hydrotalcite synthesized from brine water has been investigated. Characterization by XRD shows that Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compound has found hydrotalcite phase and another phase such as Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and CaCO3. These results are confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-O-H), M-O and M-OH groups (M is Mg, Ca and Al) at wavenumber region around     3463,34 cm-1; 447,50 cm-1; 536,62 cm-1and 786,99 cm-1. The calcination on Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite at 450 ºC affected change in the structure become a metal oxide such as MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, and CaCO3. These results are confirmed from decreasing on the absorption peak of M-OH group at wavenumbers around 536,62 cm-1and 786,99 cm-1 and widening of the absorption region at 447,5 - 857,4 cm-1. Consequently, the calcination treatment successfully increased the surface area of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds from 97.4 m2/g to 156.826 m2/g. Morphology of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite underwent changes the shape from a big to be a small form. Thermal analysis results showed changes in the structure of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite into oxides begin at a temperature of 210 ºC and become oxide completely after the temperature reaches 420 ºC.
TRANSFORMATION OF ETHYL-P-METHOXYCINNAMATE TO P –METHOXYCINNAMIC ACID FROM KENCUR (Kaempheria galanga L.) AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Fareza Muhamad Salman , Rehana Rehana , Nuryanti Nuryanti , Mujahidin Didin
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and p-methoxycinnamate acid from Kaempheria galanga L. Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate was isolated from the n-hexane rhizome extract of Kaempheria galanga L. Separation and purification of this compound was carried out with vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. Hydrolysis of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamic under alkaline conditions obtained p-methoxycinnamic acid with a good yield of 85 %. The structure of the compounds were charactrized with IR, NMR spectrophotometer (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and mass spectrophotometer. The antibacterial properties of the compounds were evaluated using microdilution methods against B. cereus ATCC 11778, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. enterica sv Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and E. aerogenes ATCC 13048. The compounds showed weak antibacterial properties. Only ethyl p-methoxycinnamate showed the strongest antibacterial activity, especially against B. cereus ATCC 11778 bacteria with MIC values of 62.5 mg /mL. The change of the functional groups provided no significant impact on the antibacterial activity.
Analisis Efektivitas Mesin Batching Plant 1 dan Mesin Batching Plant 2 dengan Overall Equipment Effectiveness Pada PT. X
Authors: Puspitasari Nia Budi , Permatasari Eldinda Sazida
Published: June 2018

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is one of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) application program, which aims to determine the effectiveness of a machine. PT. X has 3 machine batching plant where machine 1 and 2 used effectively, from the data historically known that the machines batching plant 1 having a value greater namely 1030 minutes compared to the engine batching plant 2 that have value 240 minutes. This research measures the OEE value of two machines Bactching Plant and then compares the results. The value obtained is 82.71% for machine 1 and 84.83% for machine 2. This research suggests that the performance factor is the biggest problem in the machine OEE values, because the enterprise systems is make to order, the recommended action is to maximize the production capacity of each machine by considering a more accurate production targets in each period.
Desain Model Sistem Ketertelusuran Buah-Buahan di Tingkat Petani Menggunakan Teknologi RFID
Authors: Priyandari Yusuf , - Yuniaristanto , - Evizal
Published: June 2018

Penelitian menghasilkan sebuah model sistem ketertelurusan (traceability) produk pertanian khususnya buah-buahan di tingkat petani menggunakan teknologi Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). Model sistem ketertelususan disusun untuk menjamin diterimanya buah-buahan yang aman dan berkualitas oleh konsumen karena konsumen dapat menelusur informasi mengenai buah-buahan secara lengkap mulai dari proses budidaya, panen dan paskapanen yang termasuk di dalamnya rantai dsitribusi.Teknologi RFID dipilih karena banyak digunakan sebagai perangkat penelusuran produk dan telah menjadi salah satu bagian teknologi Near Field Contact (NFC) pada beberapa teknologi smart phone untuk proses pertukaran data.
Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan. Tahap pertama adalah melakukan identifikasi rantai pasok buah-buahan yang dikhususkan pada salah satu jenis buah yakni pisang. Kedua, identifikasi bentuk data yang dibutuhkan dan digunakan dalam ketertelusuran buah di tingkat petani. Ketiga, penyusunan model atau desain arsitektur dan infrastruktur ketertelusuran buah-buahan pada tingkat petani. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan lebih detail bagaimana ketertelusuran buah-buahan dilakukan menggunakan teknologi RFID dibanding sejumlah artikel yang ada dalam mengkaji umum model ketertelusuran produk pertanian menggunakan teknologi RFID.
Perbaikan Tata Letak Gudang Produk Setengah Jadi CV Harapan Baru Menggunakan Metode Class Based Storage
Authors: Pinasthika Ardacandra Faisal , Kholisoh Eva , Rahmadani Nur Azizah
Published: June 2018

CV Harapan Baru is a company engaged in the field of printing. In the warehouse,, there is a warehouse for raw materials and warehouse for semi-finished products. After printing, semi-finished products are taken by the publisher and the publisher entered into a binder. In observations of allocating semi-finished products , company conducts random storage that resulting length of the operator in making semi-finished products to be distributed to publishers. Therefore, the repairs warehouse layout semi-finished product using Based Storage Class Method to be effective in making decision. In this study, the Class Storage Based method in the placement of semi-finished products made of grouping based on the book publisher. With this method, the operator can perform retrieval semi-finished products with ease and warehouse cleanly. The improvement warehouse layout can reduce material handling costs which originally amounted Rp300,000,000.00 to Rp 202,488,104.00 per year.
Pemilihan Lokasi Kantor Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Studi Kasus: PT. Monang Sianipar Abadi Surakarta)
Authors: Capryani Aditha , Nugroho Alviandi Wahyu , Saputri Virda Hersy Lutviana , - Yuniaristanto
Published: June 2018

PT. Monang Sianipar Abadi (MSA Kargo) Surakarta had experienced problems such as delays in delivery of goods. One cause of the delay problem is there are two places for the delivery of goods, which is headquarters in Pawulan, Colomadu and warehouse located near Airport Adisumarmo. In connection with these problems, improvements are expected to tackle the problem of delay delivery of goods caused by places for the delivery of goods. Repairs carried out by determining the best location to be the location of office shipping the items. Determination of the place of delivery of goods using fast and accurate method is the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The process of determining the place of delivery of goods based on four criteria, namely within the main warehouse (warehouse near the plane at the airport Adisumarmo), ease of access by customers, building area, and the availability of facilities. Based on the results obtained total global priority, then the decision can be taken the nicest locations in determining the location of the office is the location S2 is in Pawulan, Colomadu because it has the highest total global priorities, namely 0.638. However, the site has the disadvantage that the distance is far enough away from the main warehouse so it can be added to a solution is by adding a fleet of delivery.
Prediksi Prestasi Mahasiswa dengan Jalur Siswa Berprestasi (PSB) Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayers
Authors: - Harwati , Miratama Hanna
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to predict the academic performance of students who submit university by special way (PSB) based on their GPA using naïve Bayes methods. The predicted results will be used to provide recommendations what attributes can be used as indicators of the selection through the PSB. From the calculation, it is resulted PSB students with satisfying GPA is they that have the attributes from Central Java, majoring in science, from public schools, parents' work of civil servants, have academic achievement during high school, and male. The level of accuracy for this calculation is equal to 51.69%.
Evaluasi Kapabilitas Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara di Satuan Kerja TNI Angkatan Laut
Authors: - Suhardi , Ikatrinasari Zulfa Fitri
Published: June 2018

Information Technology (IT) on Government good Accounting management of Information System (SIMAK BMN) is a computer system built by economic ministry. SIMAK BMN in government is a needed information system as a tool to responsible of using APBN, and it’s a function to serve a result of economic report transparently and accountable. A military SIMAK BMN reported by work unit of Navy as unit of accounting unit which using good responsibility. It’s determine the opine adjustment of BPK RI such as proper without exception (WTP), Proper with Exception (WDP), It does not proper, and disclaimer. Using SIMAK BMN in UAKPB has an important position. But it has never been determined so it has never known it’s efficiently and capability of managing the information technology. Knowing the problem is needs a research and finding to know how far the determined result of capability process SIMAN BMN information technology. The research is repairing management and the system is used optimally. The research method is using framework COBIT5. The method is the way how it determines the respondent answer from questioners which is built using Monitor Domain, Evaluate and Assess (MEA). It is focusing on a watch, adjust, and regularly of all information technology system used. According to the answer from responder, it will be got the level capability MEA01 is 3,71, MEA02 is 2,38, and MEA03 is 3,67. The average score is 3,26. It is in level 3 (Established process) form 0-5. Getting the hoping capability, it is advised by developing performance of SIMAK BMN information technology in the future.
Optimalisasi Distribusi Armada Transportasi UKM Tahu Mojosongo - Solo
Authors: Arifin Edwin Fakhrul , Kusumawardani Febriana , Nandasari Poppy , - Yuniaristanto
Published: June 2018

A company or business entity is required to perform the activities effectively and efficiently. The economic condition of the enterprise develop rapidly between companies or business entities get stiff competition. In the face of competition, companies need planning and cost control, especially in distribution transport logistics. One way that can do is to reduce operating costs, especially in terms of logistic distribution, logistic distribution costs which are rarely considered. The study was conducted at the home industry manufacturing know Sentra Industry Tahu, Mojosongo RW 03, Surakarta. The problem that occurs is unoptimalization product distribution that due to limited fleet which causes inefficient distribution activities in terms of time and cost. Of the issues raised, there are vehicles used alternative is to use motorcycles and cars, both for new vehicles and used vehicles. To find an alternative use can be done by calculating the net persent value and payback period. Based on the calculation of NPV and PBP is known that the chosen alternative is to increase the company's investment in the form of the addition of used cars as a consistent supporter of logistic distribution with the NPV was Rp. 426.548.000,00 and the return on investment amounted was for 3 months 17 days
Water Level Control Sistem Otomatis Sederhana pada Tandon Air di Kawasan Perumahan
Authors: Aviv Afgan Suffan , Wardayanti Ari , Budiningsih Endah , Fimani Afni Kurnia , Suhardi Bambang
Published: June 2018

Plenty of water and electricity are wasted in residential areas because people often forget turning off the water pump or do not know when the water tank is full. Solution of these problems is using a water level control as an automatic tool to turn off  and turn on the water pump. However, the water level control that exist today has many shortcomings. It has a complicated operating system, especially for people in a residential area with a range of price more than IDR 50,000. So this study was conducted with the aim of simplifying the system of water level control so its price is more affordable and simple operation, knowing the working principle and study the effectiveness and efficiency. From the research that has been done resulting an automatic water level control with more simple system and a production cost of IDR 19,000 with a selling price of IDR 25.000.
Perancangan Kursi dengan Konsep Space-Saving Furniture dan Eco-Design pada Apartemen di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Laksono Pringgo Widyo , Suhardi Bambang , Muhaimin Emirsyah
Published: June 2018

Limited space in apartment force the resident to use their space effectively and efficiently. The resident need a furniture that can save the space and easy to be move. Furthermore, the furniture’s material has to be eco-friendly in order to make a better environment for the future generation. One of the common furniture is chair. Based on survey of 20 apartment resident in Jakarta, the resident stated 12 feature of chair: easy to move (15%); eco-friendly material (35%); foldable (25%), hangable (15%), simple (30%), storage (30%), space-saving (35%), durable (10%), multifunction (25%), comfortable (50%), provide backrest (10%), and aesthetic (5%). These costumer statements have generate 4 design concept that can fulfil the requirements. First concept is a storage chair with HDPE material. Second concept is a storage chair with plywood material. Third concept is an easy-saving chair with HDPE material. Fourth concept is an easy-saving chair with plywood material.
Penerapan DFMA untuk Low Cost High Customization Product
Authors: Priadythama Ilham , Susmartini Susy , Nugroho Alviandi Wahyu
Published: June 2018

Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) is a method to evaluate the design of product
with considering the ease of manufacture process and the assembly process. UNS LPPD Hand is
prosthetic hand with the function and shape that has likely the original hand man. UNS LPPD Hand is developed by the Laboratory Planning and Product Design of Sebelas Maret University (Laboratorium P3 UNS). From the conceptual design of prosthetic finger by Cahyadin (2016), the prototype can't do the movement flexed according with the design objectives and there are some components that not required. Therefore, there are some components that must be modified or eliminated. The modified component is phalanx of media and eliminated components are short and long pin holder The result is improvement of design prosthetic finger that 2 components are fixed and 4 components are eliminated, and reducing the process from 99 steps to 79 steps
Diversity Measurement Indices of Diatom Communities in the Tigris River within Wasit Province, Iraq
Authors: Ali Shaimaa F. , Abdul-Jabar Reidh A. , Hassan F. M.
Published: June 2018

The study was conducted to measure diatom species diversity in the lotic ecosystem across the Wasit Province for 12 months. The quantitative study of diatoms (phytoplankton) was investigated in the Tigris river. The density of algae was ranged from 60989 cell×103/l to 112780.82 cell×103/l in the five sites. These algae were belonging to 39 genera. The richness index values ranged from 1.53 at site 5 in January 2016 to 6.34 at site 1 and June2015. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H´) was 2.33 in February 2016 and 3.72 in June 2015 both values at site 3, whereas Evenness index was 0.54 at site 5 in March2016 and 0.98 at site 1 in both August2015 and May2016. The lack of homogeneity of the appearance of species indicates the dominance of a few species with high densities, which is an indicator of the existence of environmental pressure. All studied indices showed that the Tigris River quality is suitable for the living aquatic life or may be slightly affected by the pollutants.
Triterpenoid Saponins Investigation and Pharmacological (Cytotoxic and Antioxidant) Properties of Bacopa monnieri L. Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Alwash Bushra M. J.
Published: June 2018

Bacopa monnieri L. (Scrophulariaceae), synoname is Herpestis monniera that provides bioactive compounds, especially triterpenoid saponins (Bacosides) which exhibits an important biological activities, like hypothyroidism, anticonvulsant, memory enhancing and antistress. Because there are no researches about B. monnieri L. plant that grow in Iraq, and there active compounds especially triterpenoid saponin (TS), and there effects. This study was detected the presence of (TS) in, and examined the cytotoxic and the antioxidant activity of these compounds in vitro. The study was included the extraction and identification of TS from the whole parts of B. monnieri L. by using three methods, and the best yield was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) to identify bacosides compounds. In vitro, TS was examined the cytotoxic activity against two cancer cell lines, human cervical cancer (Hela), rhabdomyo sarcoma (RD), and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as a normal cell, at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ?g/ml at 24, 48, and 72-hr. Free radical 1,1Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was used for testing the ability of the TS as antioxidant at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ?g/ml concentrations. The results revealed that B. monnieri plant had many components of bacosides when detected by HPLC. Cytotoxic study suggested that TS inhibited the growth of cancer cells, and this effect is depending on the extraction of TS concentration. The effect of TS on Hela cell line was more than that for RD, while the highest effect of TS on Hela was at the concentration of 250 ?g/ml after 48 hr. The cytotoxic effect has a significant effect at (P?0.05). The results revealed that TS has high antioxidant influence 99.37% at 100 ?g/ml concentrations, followed by 98.20% in 80 ?g/ml concentration.
Gene Expression and Polymorphism of Interleukin-4 in a Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ad’hiah Ali H. , Mahmood Aseel S. , Al-Kazaz Abdul-Kareem A. , Mayouf Khadier K.
Published: June 2018

It was aimed to understand the interleukin-4 (IL-4) role in etio-pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two approaches were adopted. In the first one, a quantitative expression of IL4 gene was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and such findings were correlated with some demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, which included gender, duration of disease, disease activity score (DAS-28), rheumatoid factors (RFs), C-reactive protein (CRP) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies. In the second approach, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL4 gene (rs2243250) was inspected by DNA sequencing using specific primers. Fifty-one Iraqi RA patients (22 males and 29 females) were enrolled in the study. They were under therapy, which was a single weekly subcutaneous dose of 25 mg of etanercept (Enbrel) for a period of 3-5 years. The results of gene expression (2-??Ct) revealed an increased expression of IL4 mRNA (Mean ± SEM: 8.247 ± 2.442), especially female patients compared to male patients (11.545 ± 3.928 vs. 3.537 ± 1.530; p = 0.03). The expression was also subjected to variations that were related to clinical and laboratory findings. With respect to IL4 gene SNP, allele and genotype frequencies showed no significant differences between RA patients and controls. In addition, the SNP genotypes had no effect on IL4 gene expression. In conclusion, an up-regulation of IL4 gene expression was observed in RA patients, and it was more pronounced in female than male patients by approximately four folds, while no association between the IL4 SNP alleles or genotypes and RA was observed.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization of Cobalt ComplexfromC16H19N3O3S and photodegradation using prepared Nano TiO2catalyst
Authors: Omar Maab K. , Hassan Sahar S. , Farhan Ahlam M.
Published: June 2018

Coblatcomplex has been prepared by reaction between C16H19N3O3S (L) as ligand and metal salt (II). The prepared complex were characterized by infrared spectra, electromic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity measurement and metal analysis by atomic absorption and (C.H.N) analysis. From these studies tetrahedral geometry structure for the complex was suggested. The photodegredation of complex were study using photoreaction cell and preparednanoTiO2 catalyst in different conditions (concentration, temperatures, pH).The results show that the recation is of a first order with activation energy equal to (6.6512 kJ /mol).
Effect the Thickness on the Electrical Properties and (I-V) Character of the (CdTe) Thin Films and Find the Efficiency of Solar Cell CdTe/CdS
Authors: Mohamed Ramiz Ahmed , Harfash Dhuha Kareem , Mustafa Fallah Ibrahim
Published: June 2018

Thin films of CdTe were prepared with thickness (500, 1000) nm on the glass substrate by vacuum evaporation technique at room temperature then treated different annealing temperatures (373,473,and 573)K for one hour. Results of the Hall Effect and the electrical conductivity of (I-V) characteristics were measured in darkness and light.at different annealing temperature results show that the thin films have ability to manufacture solar cells, and found that the efficient equal to (2.18%) for structure solar cell (Algrid / CdS / CdTe /glass/ Al) and the efficient equal to (1.12%) for structure solar cell (Algrid / CdS / CdTe /Si/ Al) with thick ness of (1000) nm with CdTe thin films at RT.
Fabricated of Cu Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Abass Nada K , Shanan Zainab J. , Mohammed Teeba H. , Abbas Lamia K.
Published: June 2018

Copper with different concentrations doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared from a mixture of zinc acetate and copper acetate with sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution. The structure of the prepared samples was done by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer. Debye-Scherer formula was used to calculate the size of the prepared samples. The band gap of the nanoparticle ZnO was determined by using UV-VIS optical spectroscopy.
Designing and Constructing the Strain Sensor Using Microbend Multimode Fiber
Authors: AL-Dabagh Samar Younis , ALjaber Nahla A , AL-Hassnawy Ghasaq O.
Published: June 2018

The microbend sensor is designed to experience a light loss when force is applied to the sensor. The periodic microbends cause propagating light to couple into higher order modes, the existing higher order modes become unguided modes. Three models of deform cells are fabricated at (3, 5, 8) mm pitchand tested by using MMF and laser source at 850 nm. The maximum output power of (8, 5, 3)mm model is (3, 2.7, 2.55)nW respectively at applied force 5N and the minimum value is (1.9, 1.65, 1.5)nW respectively at 60N.The strain is calculated at different microbend cells ,and the best sensitivity of this sensor for cell 8mm is equal to 0.6nW/N.
Laser Densification of Prepared SiO2 Sol-Gel Thin Films
Authors: Abdulmalek Noor M. , Dhahir Mohamed K.
Published: June 2018

SiO2 nanostructure is synthesized by the Sol-Gel method and thin films are prepared using dip coating technique. The effect of laser densification is studied. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) are used to analyze the samples. The results show that the silica nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method after laser densification. XRD patterns show that cristobalite structure is observed from diode laser (410 nm) rather than diode laser (532 nm). FESEM images showed that the shape of nano silica is spherical and the particles size is in nano range (? 100 nm). It is concluded that the spherical nanocrystal structure of silica thin films is successfully densified by Doide laser (410 nm).
Guest Editorial: Regain Trust by Aligning with Society´s Needs
Authors: Luca Christiaan
Published: June 2018

Guest editorial

Ask a project team in a consumer goods company to draw a stakeholder map, and they will put the consumer in the middle. A retail team in our own downstream business will do the same. Now ask an upstream development team to create a stakeholder map and they will put the oil company in the center.

The company-centric stakeholder model still belongs to the time when an oil company had to communicate its good intentions (“tell me”) and had to demonstrate it was also executing them (“show me”). Our industry adapted well to this company-centric period with, for example, impressive gains in operational excellence and safety performance.

But the world continues to change. Society is more than ever aware of the many challenges that it faces, whether it is reducing poverty or illiteracy, improving human rights, or responding to climate change. Society nowadays expects business to take on more responsibility than just operating safely and paying taxes and salaries. Local communities are more vocal in asserting their co-ownership of the mineral resources that oil and gas companies produce by demanding a share in that wealth. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are the global expression of the need for societal actors to team up and address the complex issues that the world has to resolve. In short, we have firmly entered the “join me” world.

The “join me” world demands a different mindset in which business no longer focuses on its priorities, but operates in partnership with new societal partners, and in which its core business is more aligned with societal priorities. This new external mindset can only be effective if it is supported by a re-alignment of internal processes and decision-making practices of the company.

The challenge, therefore, is twofold. We need to:

Change our mindset from the “show me” to the “join me” world

Integrate external realities better with our core business activities

Change Our Mindset

The company-centric model is easy, because it shows a simple boundary between “us” and “them,” i.e., between what the company wants to do and what it needs and expects from its stakeholders to achieve the company goals. Being in the center gives the feeling of being in control, but that position makes us more vulnerable, too. Indeed, we face more budget overruns and schedule delays in capital project delivery due to external stakeholder issues, which, in turn, results in reputational damage and loss of trust. Too often we find ourselves at odds with the society in which we operate.

To be an active part of society rather than outside it requires a shift from the company-centric model to the society-centric model (Fig. 1).

In the societal model, one develops a perspective that positions societal needs at the center. The stakeholders involved, including the company, create a level playing field whereby continuous engagement by all actors results in progress in a certain community, region, or country.
Finding Meaning, Application for the Much-Discussed “Digital Twin”
Authors: Zborowski Matt
Published: June 2018

Among the many buzzy, digitally related words or terms bandied about the industry over the past year or two, “digital twin” serves as something of a confluence of them all.

Populating many industry conference agendas are high-level presentations and discussions with descriptors such as digitization, digitalization, digital transformation, and the digital disruption, which involve big data, data analytics, advanced analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the ever-important, abundantly abstract cloud. Some of those terms are used rather broadly and inter-changeably, leading many to wonder: What exactly are we talking about here? 

The definition of a digital twin is similarly less finite, but it is rather easy to conceptualize at a basic level. The technology links the physical world with the digital world, providing a digital model of a physical asset or process. It serves as a real-time data hub for its owner, allowing for reference to designed or expected performance and continuous offsite monitoring. 

Roots of the idea can be traced back to a similarly challenging sector that is tasked with exploring and operating in harsh environments normally inaccessible by humans. Successful space travel requires complex modeling and simulations, which NASA for decades has employed from its field centers on the ground. Michael Grieves, currently executive director of Florida Institute of Technology, brought the term to the fore during the early 2000s while working in the University of Michigan’s college of engineering, but he credits the coinage to his one-time NASA colleague and technologist John Vickers.

Multinational conglomerates such as GE and Siemens have deployed the twin in everything from jet engines to power plants. The architectural engineering and automotive manufacturing industries are also mature in their use of digital twin. The digital twin in the building industry is referred to as the building information model.

Traditionally slow on the uptake when it comes to implementing new technologies, the oil and gas industry is beginning to put the twin to work on its equipment, facilities, and wells with the promise of more efficient engineering, procurement, construction (EPC), and operations. The virtual hub is envisioned as a way of breaking down silos between work phases, operators and contractors, and the different industry disciplines—such as geophysics and reservoir engineering—required to carry out upstream projects.
How Do Oil and Gas Investors Pick Entrepreneurs? Vice Versa?
Authors: Zborowski Matt
Published: June 2018

Private equity and venture capital firms are just as important to the evolution of the oil and gas industry as the leading operators and service companies. This became evident during the oil price crash when public equity opportunities disappeared and lenders shied away from the industry amid scores of bankruptcies.

Illustrating the point earlier this year was Wil VanLoh, founder and CEO of Quantum Energy Partners, who boasted during the NAPE Global Business Conference that his firm would “look really similar to a superindependent” if it were to aggregate all the companies in which it’s currently investing, which altogether tally 2.3 million net acres, 350,000 BOE/D, and 32 rigs working across the US and Canada.

With the backing of private investment, entrepreneurs who previously worked for companies such as Shell, Anadarko, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, and even smaller, lesser known entities have applied their unique skills and ideas to find, develop, and produce the latest generation of prolific oil and gas fields quicker and with less money than ever before. But finding those innovators who are actually capable of turning their dreams into reality is difficult. And when you’re the firm tasked with bearing the financial risk that comes with backing fledgling companies that hope to break into an already volatile industry, you tend be choosy.  

Enter Charlie Leykum, founder of CSL Capital Management, a 10-year-old private equity firm that builds and acquires controlling interests in oil and gas service and equipment companies. It’s currently launching its $1.5-billion Fund III as well as a special-purpose acquisition company, which raises capital from public investors, enabling them to participate in private equity purchases.

“So much of what we do is finding not just an individual or a group of individuals who are technically or commercially really savvy,” but finding a “harmonized, well-working team,” Leykum said during the SPE Gulf Coast Section’s recent Innovation Entrepreneurship Symposium. CSL only considers business plans where a team is either in place or assembling with “a subject matter expert who’s the key decision maker” as well as technical and operations personnel. Together, they must have a firm grasp of the challenges and risks involved in building a business.

When looking at possible investments, CSL wants technical leadership in a market. When CSL invested in a fracturing company in the early 2000s that ended up successful, Leykum said, the firm partnered with a major service company’s “lead fracturing executive for the business line” whose skills and expertise could solve—and had solved—unique challenges in different basins.
Underbalanced Drilling With Coiled Tubing in Marginal Shallow Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: June 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 189904, “Underbalanced Drilling With Coiled Tubing: A Case Study in Marginal Shallow Wells,” by Adam Miszewski, SPE, and Toni Miszewski, SPE, AnTech, and Peter Hatgelakas, Chuck Henry Energy, prepared for the 2018 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 27–28 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The complete paper describes a recent directional coiled-tubing drilling (DCTD) job completed for an independent operator in the Appalachian Basin. The objective was to access target zones identified as adjacent to a recently drilled vertical well using a lateral sidetrack. The project was ultimately successful in that a dry hole was re-entered and sidetracked to create a productive well.

The Economic Equation

The target of the project was to define drilling efficiency in terms of cost per production rate. This measure takes the initial production into account and ties together the ability of the driller to make hole in the direction required with the ability to select a productive part of the formation.

Recognizing that each stage of well construction can affect another, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted that included input from geology, geophysics, reservoir engineering, and drilling and completions engineering. Local experience with offset wells also was an important input, allowing for the fact that this experience was limited to vertical wells drilled with air or in an overbalanced condition.

Well Selection

The area chosen for the case study was in a well-understood area containing numerous offset wells with which to compare production and a known geology against which to plan the well. The wells typically do not exceed 2,500 ft in depth and were exclusively vertical. Four such wells had been drilled in the immediate vicinity in the previous year, three of which are currently on production at the time of writing at rates ranging from 10 to 25 B/D with varying levels of associated water production. Although one of the wells showed promise of production, the well turned out to be dry and the planned 4½-in. production casing string was not run and the well was not completed. The uncased well was chosen for the case study because it had the shortest payback period if it could be made to produce at a rate similar to those of neighboring wells. A 3D seismic survey of the area had identified a subsurface ridge that could be acting as a trap (Fig. 1). This ridge was selected as the target of the new well. A well path was planned that tracked approximately 15 ft below the top of the reservoir and along the top of the ridge, a depth low enough to access the reservoir but not so low that it might access the oil/water contact believed to be 40 ft below the reservoir top.
Hegemony for Beginners: Egyptian Activity in the Southern Levant during the Second Half of the Fourth Millennium B.C.
Authors: Anđelković Branislav
Published: June 2018

After a modest start in the mid-20th century, thousands of Protodynastic Egyptian objects have been unearthed and identified as such in the Southern Levant, including serekh-signs of several Dynasty 0 (Narmer, “Double Falcon”, Ny-Hor, Iry-Hor, Ka), and 1st Dynasty (Hor Aha) pharaohs. The explanatory models presented so far fail to integrate the totality of the archaeologically manifested parameters, especially considering the impact of the last fifteen years of finds and their contextual and other analysis, into the proper semiotic matrix. The conundrum of Egyptian activity in the Southern Levant displays, at the same time, features of a small-scale trading partner, a colonizer, and a suzerain. Egyptian pottery of local origin provides an indication of a south-north flow of the Egyptian daily-life repertoire of pottery types, or rather their contents, between the Egyptian-related sites, that clearly demonstrates an Egyptian distribution system operating on an intra-regional level in the Early Bronze IB Southern Levant. The ‘Egyptian phenomenon’ is far from being unique since reestablishment of a similar geopolitical pattern, only on a considerably greater scale, can be recognized during the New Kingdom – the Egyptian province in Asia.
Contextual Analysis of Fragmentation of the Anthropomorphic Figurines from the Late Neolithic Site of Selevac
Authors: Porčić Marko
Published: June 2018

The biographical approach to material culture and the hypothesis of deliberate fragmentation of anthropomorphic figurines are used in this paper to deduce a hypothesis that there should be an association between particular fragmentation categories and context types in the archaeological record of the Late Neolithic settlements in Central Balkans. This hypothesis is tested using published data from the site of Selevac by performing correspondence analysis and chi-square test on a contingency table in which categories of fragmentation are cross-tabulated with context types. The results are statistically significant, suggesting that complete figurines are associated with houses while transversely broken figurines are associated with pits. There is also evidence that figurines were broken differentially in respect to their original size.
Societal and Economic Elements of Trafficking in Human Beings into the European Union
Authors: Wong Alfred , Gomes Roxanne
Published: June 2018

The European Union (EU) is an early signatory of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. During the past decade, the EU has been undertaking various measures to conform to the “Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons”. The mitigating strategy has been largely based on the enforcement of existing and new laws, inside as well as outside of the EU. To date, the results have been largely ineffective. Addressing the societal and economic elements of home and host countries could be a more enduring means to alleviate the problem of trafficking in human beings.
The Influence of Linguistics upon the Formation of the Culture-Historical Approach in Archaeology
Authors: Kuzmanović Zorica
Published: June 2018

Through the critical research into the history of archaeology, the paper aims to explore the influence of linguistics and, more generally, the role of language in modern societies, upon the formation of the culture-historical approach in the discipline, focusing upon the situation in the Serbian archaeology. In doing so, the author follows the series of the similar critical historical accounts of the history of archaeology, pointing to the conceptual burden carried along with the culture-historical practice of attributing artefacts according to their cultural affiliation, automatically making inferences about the cultural/ethnic identity of the people who used them. The need to analyse the relationship between linguistics and archaeology at the time of formation of the discipline originates from the standpoint that, even if we do not advocate the complete rejection of the culture-historical tradition (still impossible, however), it is nevertheless necessary to understand the ways in which certain meanings were formed, implicit to the archaeological concept of culture. In this way, it becomes possible to avoid the interpretive mistakes inherent to the conceptual burden of the discipline.
Gustaf Kossinna and the Concept of Culture in Archaeology
Authors: Bandović Aleksandar
Published: June 2018

The paper analyses the role of the German archaeologist Gustaf Kossinna in the formation of the idea of archaeological culture. Often this concept is taken as an unquestionable given and Kossinna’s life and work have been presented as an exception in the European archaeology, but it may be much more productive to consider it as “the tip of an iceberg”. It is argued that the simplified concept of ethnicity and the search for its reflections in the archaeological record have long become commonplace of the discipline, and considered almost irreplaceable in the local archaeological community.
Urbanization in Archaeological Interpretation. Case study: “Hellenized settlements” in the Central Balkans
Authors: Vranić Ivan
Published: June 2018

In the archaeological literature, the problem of urbanization and the emergence of cities have most often been solved in the framework of the formation of states and first “civilizations”. Both in traditional and more recent works based on evolutionary theory, it has been presupposed that these are the settlements of the communities on the “state level”, with fully developed complex society. Evolutionary theory, as an Eurocentric approach, is frequently present in the archaeology of the Balkans, used as a tool in the classification of settlements and identification of cities, thus leading to the practice of evaluation of heritage as “better” or “more advanced”. The paper examines the problem of urbanization from two theoretical starting points, focusing on the case study of the so-called “Hellenized settlements” of the Balkan Iron Age. The first line of inquiry is based upon the contemporary evolutionary theory, taking into account the post-modern critique of the approach. The conclusion is that the Iron Age communities do not comply with all the characteristic traits of complex societies, raising considerable doubt concerning the interpretation of the settlements as cities. The second part of the paper examines the issue of heritage and its active role in the modern world, aiming to explain the reasons for the widely accepted interpretation of the Iron Age settlements as urbanized.
Relata refero. Perception of the Ancient Greek Past in the Contemporary Education
Authors: Mihajlović Vladimir V.
Published: June 2018

From the end of the 18th century, along with the modern educational system, the reception of the ancient Greek culture arrived to Serbia. This image of the classical past was heavily influenced by the wider social and political circumstances of the time. Along with the organizational and pedagogical principles, the pioneers of education and the founders of academic disciplines among the Serbs took over the Western narrative on Classical Greece, unintentionally including its ideological foundation. After this so-called „phase of institutionalization“, continuous reproduction of this narrative took place through the educational system. The consequence is that in the contemporary Serbian education the examples of the 19th century theoretical concepts are almost perfectly preserved.