bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE WORLD PICTURE
Authors: Матикеева А.К.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается термин картина мира как основной объект исследования когнитивной лингвистики, нового направления науки, сформированной в середине XX века. Цель исследования – показать картину мира как средство, обеспечивающее познание мира, выполняющее регулирующие функции деятельности и опыта человека, требующее широкомасштабного мышления. Определена основная роль языка и мышления в концептуализации картины мира, вкратце проанализированы ее история и работы выдающихся исследователей. В результате исследования взглядов ученых подтверждено, что не только познание мира, но и описание текущих событий и ситуаций тесно взаимосвязаны с сознанием и мышлением человека, интерпретируясь через языковые средства. В исследовании познавательная деятельность человека рассматривается как основной (когнитивный) фактор формирования картины мира. Отмечено, что мировосприятие и мышление развиваются, изменяются под воздействием социальных (воспитание, обучение, окружающая среда) факторов, а также зависят от физиологического состояния и психолингвистических способностей личности. Было отмечено, что, несмотря на исследования в различной сфере науки, картина мира остается актуальной темой, требующей глубокого анализа.

The article considers the term picture of the world as the main object of research in cognitive linguistics, a new direction of science formed in the middle of the XX century. The purpose of the study is to show a picture of the world as a means of providing knowledge of the world, performing regulatory functions of human activity and experience, requiring large-scale thinking. The main role of language and thinking in the conceptualization of the worldview is determined, its history and the work of outstanding researchers are briefly analyzed. As a result of the research, the scientists' worldview is confirmed that not only the knowledge of the world, but also the description of current events and situations is closely interrelated with human consciousness and thinking, interpreted through linguistic means. In the study, human cognitive activity is considered as the main (cognitive) factor in the formation of a picture of the world. It is noted that the perception of the world and thinking develop, change under the influence of social (upbringing, education, environment) factors, and also depends on the physiological state and psycholinguistic abilities of the individual. It was noted that, despite research in various fields of science, the picture of the world remains an urgent topic that requires in-depth analysis.
CORRECTION OF ISTHMIC-CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE PREGNANCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Сагынбаева А.Ш. , Василевская Н.М. , Омурзакова С.Э.
Published: August 2024

Истмико-цервикальная недостаточность является одной из актуальных проблем современного акушерства. Для ИЦН характерна неспособность женщины доносить беременность до доношенного срока из-за структурных изменений шейки матки. Статья посвящена ведению женщин с истмикоцервикальной недостаточностью в отделении патологии беременности КНЦРЧ. Описаны используемые диагностические возможности, одной из которых является трансвагинальная эхография/цервикометрия; лечебные мероприятия, проводимые на этапе госпитализации при данной беременности. Выбор метода коррекции ИЦН зависел от клинической ситуации, анамнестических данных, срока гестации, паритета родов, данных ультразвуковой цервикометрии, наличия или отсутствия явлений угрозы прерывания данной беременности. Освещены использованные методы коррекции истмико-цервикальной недостаточности у женщин различных анамнестических групп с обоснованием выбора тактики ведения беременности и полученных результатов. При выборе тактики лечения учитывались как собственный накопленный опыт, так и клинические рекомендации зарубежных стран.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency is one of the actual problems of modern obstetrics/ characteristic of ICI – woman`s incapacity carry a pregnancy to term due to structural changes in the cervix. Article devoted for leading women with isthmic – cervical insufficiency in the department of pathology of pregnant women. Kyrgyz Scientific Centre of Human Reproduction used diagnostic capabilities are described, one of them – ultra sound transvaginal cervicometr/echography, medical measures, when the pregnant woman where in the hospital. The choice of correction isthmic – cervical insufficiency depends on the clinical situation, medical history, gestational age, childbirth parity, data of transvaginal cervicometr/echography, the presence or absence of the threat of termination of this pregnancy. Also, the article highlights the methods of correction of woman`s isthmic-cervical insufficiency in various anamnestic groups and substantiates selection of curative tactics, with results obtained during the treatment. When choosing a treatment strategy own experience taken into account and clinical recomandation other country.
Architecture and Design Schemes of Gallots of the 18th Century
Authors: Лукошков А.В.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются общие принципы компоновки, парусного вооружения и архитектуры найденных на дне Финского залива полутора-, двух- и трехмачтовых транспортных судов XVIII века типа гальот (галиот). Они первоначально появились в Нидерландах, но быстро получили широкое распространение в странах Балтики, включая и Российскую Империю. В российских водах на сегодня найдено 8 судов этого типа, что позволило сделать некоторые выводы об их общих конструктивных особенностях, что может служить основой для идентификации гальотов при обнаружении на дне новых объектов.

The article discusses the general principles of layout, rigging and architecture of one and a half, two and three masted transport ships of the 18th century of the galiot type found at the bottom of the Gulf of Finland. They originally appeared in the Netherlands, but quickly became widespread in the Baltic countries, including the Russian Empire. To date, 8 vessels of this type have been found in Russian waters, which made it possible to draw some conclusions about their general design features, which can serve as the basis for identifying galliots when new objects are found at the bottom.
The Operational Features of Transparent Polymer Materials Using in the Durable Hull Construction of Habitable Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Фокин С.Г. , Кузьмичев М.В.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена анализу эксплуатационных особенностей обитаемых подводных аппаратов с прозрачным акриловым корпусом, достоинствам и недостаткам полимерного материала, обеспечивающего широкий угол кругового обзора, особенностям управления при маневрировании вблизи естественных препятствий и затонувших объектов, а также при переходах по глубине. Рассмотрены физико-механические свойства полимерного материала прозрачного прочного корпуса, формирующие требования не только к подготовке экипажа, но и к системам обитаемого подводного аппарата, а также техническому обслуживанию и комплексу дополнительных мер, предотвращающих локальные повреждения полиметилметакрилата. Проведена качественная оценка особенностей длительной работы внутри прозрачного прочного корпуса на глубине и их влияния на изменение психофизиологического состояния экипажа. Рассмотрены вопросы эргономики и компоновки оборудования внутри прозрачного обитаемого прочного корпуса, характерные особенности последнего, проявляющиеся как в ходе погружения, так и при размещении на палубе судна-носителя или на твердом основании.

The article examines the operational characteristics of manned underwater vehicles with transparent acrylic hulls, the advantages and disadvantages of a polymer material that provides a wide all-around viewing angle, and control features when maneuvering near natural obstacles and sunken objects and crossing at depth. The physical and mechanical properties of a transparent durable hull's polymer material are considered, establishing the requirements not only for crew training but also for manned underwater vehicle systems, maintenance, and a set of additional measures to prevent local damage to polymethyl methacrylate. The effects of long-term work inside a sturdy, transparent hull at depth on the crew's psychophysiological state were assessed qualitatively. The issues of ergonomics and equipment layout inside the transparent, sturdy manned hull, its characteristic features manifested during diving, as well as placement on the deck of the carrier vessel or on solid ground, were examined.
DIVING BELL AND AUTONOMOUS DIVING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Краморенко М.В. , Ярков А. М.
Published: August 2024

Водолазные комплексы и методики проведения водолазных спусков постоянно совершенствуются, что позволяет более эффективно реализовывать различные задачи под водой. В 2022 г. впервые в нашей стране на практике были совмещены глубоководные технологии, освоенные Военно-Морским Флотом, и методики глубоководных водолазных спусков в автономном водолазном снаряжении, разработанные в Центре подводных исследований Русского географического общества (ЦПИ РГО). Экспериментальные водолазные спуски показали потребность в дооборудовании водолазного колокола для водолазных спусков в автономном снаряжении. Перечислен необходимый и достаточный для реализации технологии набор оборудования, обеспечивающий действия водолазов в предполагаемых нештатных и аварийных ситуациях.

Diving systems and methodologies for conducting underwater dives are continually being improved to more effectively carry out various tasks underwater. In 2022, for the first time in our country's history, deep-sea technologies mastered by the Navy were combined with deep-water diving procedures using autonomous diving equipment developed by the Underwater Research Center of the Russian Geographical Society (URC RGS). Experimental dives highlighted the need for additionally equipping the diving bell for autonomous diving. The necessary equipment for the implementation of the technology was provided, ensuring the actions of divers in presumed emergency situations.
Towards a Unified Fold-Cusp Model for Bond Polarity Scaling: Electron Rearrangements in the Pyrolytic Isomerization of Cubane to Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Ayarde Henríquez Leandro , Guerra Cristian , Chamorro Eduardo
Published: August 2024

This study meticulously examines the criteria for assigning electron rearrangements along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) leading to bond formation and breaking processes during the pyrolytic isomerization of cubane (CUB) to 1,3,5,7 cyclooctatetraene (COT) from both thermochemical and bonding perspectives. The computed gas phase activation enthalpies obtained using state-of-the-art DFT functionals strongly align with experimental values. Notably, no cusp-type function was detected in the initial thermal conversion step of CUB to bicyclo[4.2.0]octa 2,4,7 triene ( as evidenced by examining the modulus of the Hessian determinant at all potentially degenerate critical points (CPs) and their relative distances. Contrary to previous reports, all relevant fluxes of the pairing density must be described in terms of fold unfolding. The transannular ring opening in the second step highlights characteristics indicative of a cusp-type catastrophe, facilitating a direct comparison with fold features. This fact underscores the critical role of density symmetry persistence near topographical events in determining the type of bifurcation. A fold cusp unified model for scaling the polarity of chemical bonds is proposed, integrating ubiquitous reaction classes such as isomerization, bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, and cycloaddition. The analysis reveals that bond polarity index (BPI) values within the [0, 10-5] au interval correlate with cusp unfolding, whereas fold spans over a broader [10-3, ∞) au spectrum. These insights emphasize that the cusp polynomial is suitable for describing chemical processes involving symmetric electron density distributions, particularly those involving homolytic bond cleavages; in contrast, fold characterizes most chemical events The elucidated unified model accurately captures the CUB to COT stepwise reaction mechanism, as illustrated by the sequence of catastrophes describing ELF topology changes along the IRC. The rigorous application of BET and identifying unfoldings that describe crucial electron rearrangements are highlighted as essential for understanding and predicting chemical reactivity.
Freestanding Membranes of Titania Nanorods, Photocatalytically Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Silk Fibroin: Tunable Properties and Electrostatic Actuation
Authors: Dobschall Finn , Hartmann Hauke , Bittinger Sophia , Schulz Norbert , Schlicke Hendrik , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Vossmeyer Tobias
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate the mechanical properties of freestanding membranes made of graphene oxide (GO), titania nanorods (TNRs), and silk fibroin (SF) and demonstrate their application as electrostatically driven actuators. Using a stamping process, the membranes are transferred onto substrates with circular apertures or square cavities measuring ∼80 to 245 μm in diameter or edge length, respectively. Afterwards the membranes are exposed to deep-ultraviolet (DUV) radiation in order to photocatalytically convert GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Microbulge tests combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal enhanced mechanical stability after the DUV treatment, as indicated by an increase of Young’s modulus from ∼22 to ∼35 GPa. The toughness of the DUV-treated membranes is up to ∼1.25 MJm-3, while their ultimate biaxial tensile stress and strain are in the range of ∼377 MPa and ∼0.68 %, respectively. Further, by applying voltages of up to ±40 V the membranes are electrostatically actuated and deflected by up to ∼1.7 μm, as determined via in situ AFM measurements. A simple electrostatic model is presented that describes the deflection of the membrane as a function of the applied voltage very well.
Polymorphism and flexibility of six-porphyrin nanorings in the solid state
Authors: Anderson Harry , Stawski Wojciech
Published: August 2024

Butadiyne-linked porphyrin nanorings are fascinating nanometer-sized platforms for exploring electronic delocalization and aromaticity, and they mimic ultra-fast photosynthetic energy-transfer phenomena in plants and purple bacteria. However, little is known about how they interact in the solid state. Here, we compare the crystal structures of several polymorphs of a six-porphyrin nanoring template complex, and report the structure of the free-base nanoring co-crystallized with C60. The structures differ not only in the molecular packing; they also feature different molecular conformations. The template is slightly too small for the cavity of the nanoring, and this size mismatch can be accommodated by two types of distortion: either the zinc atoms are pulled away from the planes of the porphyrins, or the nanorings contract by adopting a ruffled conformation, with butadiyne links alternatingly above and below the plane of the six zinc centers. The template-bound ring forms sheets and tubular stacks with interdigitated aryl groups. Upon demetallation, the nanoring becomes more flexible, adopting a highly elliptical conformation on co-crystallization with C60. The structure of this free-base nanoring features infinite solvent filled channels with a channel diameter of diameter of 13.5 Å. The high porosity of these materials points towards possible applications as porous light- harvesting frameworks.
A field-portable technology for illicit drug discrimination via deep learning of hybridized reflectance/fluorescence spectro-scopic fingerprints
Authors: Gardner Matthew , Power Alexander , Andrews Rachael , Cozier Gyles , Kumar Ranjeet , Freeman Tom , Blagbrough Ian , Scott Jennifer , Frinculescu Anca , Shine Trevor , Taylor Gillian , Norman Caitlyn , Menard Herve , Nic Daeid Niamh , Sutcliffe Oliver , Husbands Stephen , Bowman Richard , Haines Tom , Pudney Christopher
Published: August 2024

Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) pose one of the greatest challenges across the illicit drug landscape. They can be highly potent, and coupled with rapid changes in structure, tracking and identifying these drugs is difficult, and presents users with a ‘Russian roulette’ if used. Benzodiazepines, synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathi-nones account for the majority of NPS related deaths and harm. Detecting these drugs with existing field-portable technol-ogies is challenging and has hampered the development of community harm reduction services and interventions. Herein, we demonstrate that hybridizing fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopies can accurately identify NPS and provide concentration information, with a focus on benzodiazepines and nitazenes. The discrimination is achieved through a deep learning algorithm trained on a library of pre-processed spectral data. We demonstrate the potential for these measure-ments to be made using a low-cost, portable device that requires minimal user training. Using this device, we demon-strate the discrimination of 11 benzodiazepines and from ‘street’ tablets that include bulking agents and other excipients. We show the detection of complex mixtures of multiple drugs, with the key example of nitazene + benzodiazepine (metonitazene + bromazolam), fentanyl + xylazine and heroin + nitazene (etonitazene) combinations. These samples represent current drug trends and associated with drug related deaths. When combined with the implementation of detection technology in a portable device, these data point to the immediate potential to support harm reduction work in community-based settings. Finally, we demonstrate that the approach may be more broadly generalized to other drug classes outside of NPS discrimination.
A protocol for the investigation of the IVR problem: The isomerization of HONO as a case of study
Authors: Duarte Leonardo José , Nunes Claudio M. , Fausto Rui , Braga Ataualpa A. C.
Published: August 2024

The conformational isomerization of nitrous acid (HONO) promoted by excitation of the $\nu_{OH}$ or $\nu_{N=O}$ stretching normal coordinates is the first observed case of an infrared-induced photochemical reaction. The energy captured by the excited normal modes is redistributed into a highly excited vibrational level of the $\tau_{OH}$ torsion normal coordinate, which is the isomerization reaction coordinate. Herein, we present simple numerical methods to qualitatively investigate the coupling between the normal coordinates and the possible gateways for vibrational energy redistribution leading to the isomerization process. Our methodology involves the generation of the relevant 2D Potential Energy Surface (PES), by spanning the reaction coordinate and one of the $3N-7$ projected normal coordinates along the Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate (IRC). Once the PES has been obtained, the time-independent wavefunctions are calculated using the standard Discrete Variable Representation (DVR) approach. The reaction barrier is investigated using the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) decomposition scheme, evidencing an important contribution from the exchange-correlation energy to the isomerization. Coupling between normal coordinates indicates preferential normal modes to redistribute the vibrational energy. Thermal activated 1D tunneling rates were found to be negligible.
Thioester-mediated chemoselective aminoacylation of RNA in water.
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Thoma Benjamin , Whitaker Daniel , Yao Yuan , Powner Matthew
Published: August 2024

Selective aminoacylation of RNA in water is a key challenge that must be resolved to elucidate the origin of peptide biosynthesis. To date there are no chemical methods to effectively and selectively aminoacylate RNA-2′,3′-diols, with the breadth of proteinogenic amino acids, in water. Here we demonstrate that prebiotic nitriles, aminoacyl-adenylates and N-carboxyanhydrides all react with thiols (including enzyme-cofactors) to selectively yield aminoacyl-thiols, which in turn aminoacylate RNA in high yield and selectivity for 2',3'-diols. Broad sidechain scope for both thioester synthesis and aminoacylation are demonstrated, including Ala, Asp, Arg, Glu, Gln, Gly, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Pro, Ser and Val. Asp reacts with high (kinetic) alpha-aminoacylation selectivity, even upon dual activation of alpha- and beta-carboxylates, and Glu gamma-aminoacylation is blocked by pyroglutamate formation. Arg-aminoacylation is catalysed and enhanced by unprecedented sidechain nucleophilic catalysis. Thioester formation suppresses amine coupling and native-duplex is shown to direct chemoselective 2′,3′-aminoacylation of RNA. Our results suggest an important role for thiol cofactors in RNA-aminoacylation prior to the evolution of proteinaceous synthetase enzymes.
Holistic prospective life cycle analysis of a proposed copper and nickel mine in Minnesota
Authors: Trost Jenna , Dunn Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Decarbonization technologies promise to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, these technologies contain critical minerals, such as nickel, lithium, and cobalt. Minerals mining can have substantial environmental and social impacts. Prospective LCA can be used to project these impacts and compare them among proposed mines, especially in nations like the U.S. that aim to increase domestic minerals production. We therefore conducted a cradle-to-grave LCA on a proposed copper-nickel mine in the United States. Flotation processing was the largest contributor to energy, water, and greenhouse gas burdens. Wastewater treatment and closure also have sizeable energy and water demands. We also estimate that it takes decades or centuries to restore the carbon stock loss from land clearing from reclamation efforts. This analysis highlights the importance of often-neglected elements of a mine’s life cycle in LCA such as land clearing, wastewater treatment, reclamation, and closure.
The Role of the Organic Moiety in the Diffusion and Transport of Carboxylates into Liposomes
Authors: Torres-Huerta Aaron , Valkenier Hennie
Published: August 2024

Understanding the carboxylate transport through lipid membranes under physiological conditions is critical in biomedicine and biotechnology, as it allows for the emulation of biological membrane functions and can enhance the absorption of hydrophobic carboxylate-based drugs. However, the structural diversity of carboxylates has made it challenging to study their transport, and the limited available examples do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of the organic moiety in this process. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the diffusion and transport of various aliphatic and aromatic carboxylates into liposomes. We assessed the influence of their size, shape, number of carboxylate groups, and presence of hydroxyl groups. To monitor the diffusion and transport of carboxylates, we used fluorescence spectroscopy with the probes lucigenin and HPTS, as well as the chloride ion-selective electrode assay (Cl-ISE). Our findings from the fluorescence assays revealed that most carboxylates can spontaneously diffuse across liposomes suspended in NaNO3 solutions at pH 7, facilitated by the efflux of HNO3. The Cl-ISE assay showed chloride/carboxylate exchange in presence of an anion transporter. Clear trends were observed when the organic moiety was systematically varied, with a particular enhancement of anion transport by the presence of hydroxyl groups in the aromatic carboxylates. Our findings provide insights into the internalisation process of carboxylates into liposomes and could contribute to understanding the transport of other biologically relevant organic anions.
The Chemistry of Henna: A Module for High School Students
Authors: Williams Shoshana , Appel Eric
Published: August 2024

Here we present a hands-on module for high school students to explore the chemistry of henna dye. This lesson is affordable, accessible, adaptable, and engaging for students. In this lesson, students are shown how henna paste is derived from the henna shrub, discuss the chemical structure of the main dye component lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone), apply the henna paste to their skin, and discuss the darkening of the dye over time as a result of lawsone oxidation. Through understanding the chemistry of henna, students are encouraged to consider the influence of chemical reactions in their daily lives. This module also promotes diversity and inclusion in science by increasing the representation of non-Western cultures in the chemistry curriculum. In this work, the module is presented in detail, and student reactions are discussed.
Intermediate Knowledge Enhanced the Performance of N-Acylation Yield Prediction Model
Authors: Zhang Chonghuan , Lin Qianghua , Deng Hao , Kong Yaxian , Yu Zhunzhun , Liao Kuangbiao
Published: August 2024

Acylation is an important reaction widely applied in medicinal chemistry. However, yield optimization remains a challenging issue due to the broad conditions space. Recently, accurate condition recommendations via machine learning have emerged as a novel and efficient method to achieve the desired transformations without a trial-and-error process. Nonetheless, accurately predicting yields is challenging due to the complex relationships involved. Herein, we present our strategy to address this problem. Two steps were taken to ensure the quality of the dataset. First, we skillfully selected substrates to ensure diversity and representativeness. Second, experiments were conducted using our in-house high-throughput experimentation (HTE) platform to minimize the influence of human factors. Additionally, we proposed an intermediate knowledge-embedded strategy to enhance the model’s robustness. The performance of the model was first evaluated at three different levels—random split, partial substrate novelty, and full substrate novelty. All model metrics in these cases improved dramatically, achieving an R2 of 0.89, MAE of 6.1%, and RMSE of 8.0%. Moreover, the generalization of our strategy was assessed using external datasets from reported literature. The prediction error for nine reactions among 30 was less than 5%, and the model was able to identify which reaction in a reaction pair with a reactivity cliff had a higher yield. In summary, our research demonstrated the feasibility of achieving accurate yield predictions through the combination of HTE and embedding intermediate knowledge into the model. This approach also has the potential to facilitate other related machine learning tasks.
Size-transferable prediction of excited state properties for molecular assemblies with machine-learned exciton model
Authors: Ren Fangning , Chen Xu , Liu Fang
Published: August 2024

Computational modeling of the excited states of molecular aggregates faces significant computational challenges and size heterogeneity. Current machine learning (ML) models, typically trained on specific-sized aggregates, struggle with scalability. We found that the exciton model Hamiltonian of large aggregates can be decomposed into dimer pairs, allowing an ML model trained on dimers to reconstruct Hamiltonians for aggregates of any size. We trained an ML model on perylene dimer exciton Hamiltonians using quantum chemistry descriptors to resolve phase correction issues. Our model accurately predicted excitation energies and oscillator strengths in perylene trimers and tetramers, and analyzed the size-dependent optical bandgap in aggregates with up to 50 monomers, revealing quantum dot-like confinement effects. Future work will explore transferability across different monomers to predict optical properties in heterogeneous assemblies.
Perturbative analysis of the coherent state transformation in ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Roden Peyton , Foley Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Experimental demonstrations of modified chemical structure and reactivity under strong light-matter coupling have spurred theoretical and computational efforts to uncover underlying mechanisms. Ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) combines quantum chemistry with cavity QED to investigate these phenomena in detail. Unitary transformations of ab initio cavity QED Hamiltonians have been used to make them more computationally tractable. We analyze one such transformation, the coherent state transformation, using perturbation theory. Applying perturbation theory up to third order for ground state energies and potential energy surfaces under electronic strong coupling, we show that the coherent state transformation yields better agreement with exact ground state energies. Additionally, we apply perturbation theory up to second order for cavity mode states under bilinear coupling, elucidating how the coherent state transformation accelerates the convergence of the photonic subspace towards the complete basis limit and renders molecular ion energies origin invariant. These findings contribute valuable insights into computational advantages of the coherent state transformation in the context of ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics methods.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Pulse Sequence Engineering using Single-Spin Vector Effective Hamiltonians
Authors: Nielsen Anders Bodholt , Carvalho José Pedro Albuquerque de , Goodwin David L. , Wili Nino , Nielsen Niels Chr.
Published: August 2024

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has proven to be a powerful technique to enhance nuclear spin polarization by transferring the much higher electron spin polarization to the nuclear spins prior to detection. While major attention has been devoted to high-field applications with continuous microwave irradiation, the introduction of fast arbitrary waveform generators is gradually increasing the opportunities to a realization of pulsed DNP. Here, we describe how static-powder DNP pulse sequences may systematically be designed using single-spin vector effective Hamiltonian theory. Particular attention is devoted to the intricate interplay between two important parts of the effective first-order Hamiltonian, namely, the linear field (single-spin) terms, and the Fourier coefficients determining scaling of the bilinear coupling terms mediating polarization transfer. We address two cases. The first operates in the regime where the microwave field amplitude is lower than the nuclear Larmor frequency. Here, we illustrate the predictive strength of single-spin vector model by comparing analytical calculations with experimental DNP results at 9.8 GHz/15 MHz on trityl radicals at 80 K. The second case operates in the high-power regime, where we combine the underlying single-spin vector design principles with numerical non-linear optimization to optimize the balance between the linear terms and the bilinear Fourier coefficients in a figure of merit function. We demonstrate, numerically and experimentally, a broadband DNP pulse sequence PLATO (PoLarizAtion Transfer via non-linear Optimization) with a bandwidth of 80 MHz and optimized for microwave field a with maximum (peak) amplitude of 32 MHz.
EFFECT OF ACUTE MALNUTRITION MANAGEMENT ON UNDER TWO YEARS CHILDREN IN BANAADIR HOSPITAL
Authors: Abdirahman Abdullahi Abdullahi
Published: August 2024

Acute malnutrition in children can take the form of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), which carries a three times higher risk of infection, or severe acute malnutrition (SAM), which carries the highest risk of death— nine times higher than for a healthy child. If conditions worsen and the infant is not treated, these variables typically combined to cause a quick and considerable loss of weight and, in some cases, death (Mason, 2009).than an adequately fed child. Objectives: The general objective of the study is to determine the consequences of acute malnutrition management on under two years children in Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. Methodology: This study was descriptive in design which means to describe the research problem rather than analyzing and detailing the problem. It was cross sectional in design, which involves looking at people who differ on one key characteristic at one specific point in time. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning. This study was carried out from May 2020 to December, 2020. The total sample size was 68 participants who were available and welling to participate in this study semi-structural questionnaire. Conclusion: The researcher intended to collect primary data using questionnaire as a research instrument. Descriptive and cross sectional designs were used. This study targeted a population 82 and selected 68 respondents as sample. The shape of the questionnaire in the demographic section is looked upon in terms of Gender, Age, marital status, and level of education. Analysis of data in this study was done concurrently with data collection. The findings of the study may be used by Authorities in making priorities in terms of Acute malnutrition Among under five children.
HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
Authors: Chinah Chinweike , Ozioma Nwosu Vivian
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine the health and socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 in Nigeria. The study uses data from the World Health Organization and other relevant sources to analyze the effects of the pandemic on the Nigerian health sector and its ability to provide equal and adequate care for all citizens. The study also explores the use of theories such as structural functionalism and conflict theory to critically analyze the trends in Nigeria and provide an in-depth understanding of societal functions. The findings reveal that COVID-19 has caused a disruption in the treatment of non-communicable diseases and has led to an imbalance in the distribution of healthcare in Nigeria. The study concludes with recommendations for restructuring the healthcare system to combat COVID-19 and ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Effect of adding grain flour fibers on the physical, rheological, and sensorial
properties of yogurt
Authors: ALKaisy Q.H. , Rahi A.K. , Al-Saadi J.M.S.
Published: August 2024

Fiber can be employed as a bulking agent in low-sugar applications, to increase the
texture, water, and oil holding capacity, emulsification, and/or gel formation in processed
meals. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of grain flour fiber on the
physical, rheological and sensorial properties of yogurt made from cow's milk. Milk was
divided into five treatments which were as follows: (i) standard treatment C (control
without additive), (ii) treatment S1 (milk with 1% wheat fiber powder), (iii) treatment S2
(milk with 2% wheat fiber powder), (iv) treatment S3 (milk with 3% wheat fiber powder)
and (v) treatment S4 (milk with 4% wheat fiber powder). Rheological tests were
conducted on the used milk, which included viscosity, spontaneous whey separation,
water holding, hardness, stability, elasticity, and measurement of the pH value of the
treatments. In addition, the sensory of the produced milk was evaluated. The results
showed a large variation in the rheological and tissue properties according to the different
percentages of wheat fibers added during manufacturing. Based on the results of this
study, the addition of grain flour fiber improves the quality of yogurt such as texture,
water holding capacity, spontaneous whey separation, viscosity, and the cohesion of the
clot. Besides that, an increase in nutritional value is also observed.
Perbandingan Metoda Klasifikasi K-Nearest Neighbor dan Support Vector Machine pada Pengenalan Benda Terhalang berbasis Kode Rantai
Authors: KURNIA RAHMADI , ASMITA MELIA , IHSAN ROZAKY , ELFITRI IKHWANA , HADI DANANG KUMARA
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAKBenda yang terhalang oleh benda lain memiliki bentuk yang tidak sempurna karena sebagian sisinya tidak terlihat. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, digunakan metoda yang dapat mengenali bentuk pada benda pada sisi yang masih nampak. Penelitian ini membandingkan metoda klasifikasi K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) berbasis kode rantai untuk mendeteksi bentuk benda terhalang. Terdapat 15 sampel untuk lima bentuk bangun datar pada 2 jenis citra benda. Hasil untuk dua jenis citra, metoda KNN memiliki rata-rata ketepatan sebesar 89,6% sedangkan metoda SVM sebesar 88.4%. Waktu komputasi citra animasi menggunakan metoda SVM lebih cepat 0,044 detik dari pada metoda KNN dan lebih cepat 0,034 detik untuk citra riil. Rata-rata memori yang digunakan dengan metoda SVM pada citra animasi lebih sedikit 0,32 Mb dari pada metoda K-NN Pada citra riil rata-rata memori yang digunakan dengan metoda SVM lebih sedikit 0,44 Mb dari metoda K-NN.Kata kunci: transformasi Hough, kode rantai, bentuk benda, KNN, SVM ABSTRACTObject that are blocked by other objects have an imperfect shape because some of their side are not visible. To overcome this problem, we propose a comparison the K Nearest Neighbor classification (K-NN) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method based on chain code algorithm. We used 15 samples for each shape of the object for two kind of images. The result of KNN method classification has an average accuracy of 89,6%. The SVM method has an average accuracy of 88.4%. The average computing time for the SVM method is 0,044 seconds faster than KNN method for drawing image and 0,0034 seconds faster for real images, The average memory for drawing image using the SVM method is 0,32Mb less than K-NN. In the real images the average memory used with the SVM method is 0,44 Mb less than the K-NN.Keywords: hough transform, chain code, shape object, KNN, SVM
Implementation of Water Level Measuring Instruments as Flood Indicator in the Rice Fields of Teluklada Village
Authors: Ahendyarti Ceri , Nugraha Adi , Muttakin Imamul , Shulhany Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Flooding in rice fields often occurs as a result of overflowing rainwater or overflowing river water. In addition, irrigation also often overflows and inundates farmers' fields. The way that is often done to overcome this is usually done every few minutes to the fields. An automatic tool is needed that can be used to be able to monitor water level activities that occur in rice fields. In that case farmers can make the best and timely decisions when rice fields will be flooded. The design process of this tool is carried out in 2 stages, namely the area analysis stage and the design of the tool design which will be carried out with the characteristics of rice fields in Teluklada village. The Water Level Measuring Tool as a Flood Indicator in Rice Fields is designed as a flood indicator by utilizing the HCSR04 sensor work function to detect water rise that occurs. Residents who received the notification message were surprised when they first received the flood warning message and felt helped by the presence of this water level measuring instrument because it can monitor rice fields remotely.
Application of Treatment Technology, Grey Water Waste Management and Rainwater Harvesting in the Environment of RW 11 Bandung City
Authors: Ash Siddiq Raden Herdian Bayu , Suryaman Nia Nuraeni , Martoni Martoni
Published: August 2024

This project addresses critical water resource challenges in urban areas, particularly in Bandung City, Indonesia, where increased demand due to a high population exacerbates groundwater depletion and clean water scarcity. The area of focus is RW 11, Kel. Sukaluyu, Cibeunying Kaler District, which suffers notably from droughts and a significant lack of clean water. The proposed solution involves the development of portable, home-scale technology for the treatment and reuse of greywater and rainwater. This innovative approach is designed to decrease reliance on groundwater and provide a reliable water source during dry seasons. Additionally, the project aims to educate the local community in RW 11 about the importance of maintaining the groundwater cycle. The ultimate goal is to alleviate water scarcity in the area, especially during drought periods, thereby contributing to sustainable water resource management in urban contexts.
Increasing the Potential of MSMEs through Increasing Capabilities in Building Business Identity
Authors: Roodhi Mohammad Najib , Hammad Rifqi , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Dakwah Muhammad Mujahid , Muhtarom Zamroni Alpian
Published: August 2024

The aim of this service activity is to help MSMEs in preparing a good and professional company profile so that MSMEs can increase their competitiveness in the current era of globalization. The problem faced by partners is a lack of knowledge and skills in creating a good and professional company profile. The method used in this activity is in the form of training which is divided into 3 stages, namely preparation, delivery of material and training and discussion. The material presented in this activity is the concept of a company profile, the function of a company profile and how to prepare a company profile. The results of the training activities carried out show that there has been an increase in the knowledge and skills of MSME managers in developing MSMEs.
Egypt is Thinking About the Future
Authors: Isaev V. A. , Filonik A. O.
Published: August 2024

For decades, Egypt has been developing under the pressure of unfavorable factors that consistently complicate the work of its reproductive mechanisms, the functioning of the market and other institutions, and result in a series of economic turmoil, social tensions, and political upheavals. In certain periods, the country managed, under favorable circumstances, to mobilize its capabilities to temporarily offset and compensate for the negative influence of internal and external factors and even demonstrate signs of some macroeconomic stability. But the general trend, characteristic of and inherent in an economy developing in harsh conditions, did not give a chance to stay on a more or less constant course for a long time. At the beginning of the second decade of the new century, violent popular uprisings and demonstrations actually led the country to a serious crisis. Its echoes are still felt today, and they carry an element of extremely undesirable destabilization for the largest state in the region. Egypt has historically retained the status of a regional power, no longer the only one, but involved in almost all economic and political initiatives and processes developing in the Arab region, playing an important role in them, which, naturally, should be supported by the corresponding economic potential.
Corporate Responsibility in the Field of Sustainable Development on the Example of India
Authors: Goroshnikova T. A.
Published: August 2024

The relevance of national approaches to the study of corporate responsibility in the field of sustainable development is based not only on the expansion of methodological tools for assessment, but also on the need to provide it with a global perspective. Of particular interest is the study of corporate responsibility in developing countries that lag behind in terms of adoption but have distinct national characteristics. India, as the first country to oblige its companies to allocate funds for corporate social responsibility (CSR), demonstrates its intentions to form a national concept of sustainabledevelopment. The BRICS partnership between Russia and India provides opportunities for deeper co-operation in the field of sustainable development in general and corporate responsibility in particular. The paper chooses reports related to sustainable development and corporate social responsibility expenditures, as well as public initiatives of Indian companies as objects of research. An indicator characterising the national corporate approach to sustainable development is proposed.
Pengaruh Pemblokiran Media Sosial Dengan Mikrotik Terhadap Waktu Belajar Malam di Asrama Bogani Yogyakarta
Authors: Lasabuda Arwandy , Prayitna Adiyuda
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh pemblokiran situs game online dan media sosial menggunakan MikroTik dengan metode Layer 7 Protocol terhadap waktu belajar malam mahasiswa atau Kelompok Belajar Mahasiswa Bogani (KBMB) di Asrama Bogani Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian Ex-Post Facto atau Pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah kejadian. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 22 mahasiswa yang tinggal di Asrama Bogani Yogyakarta. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan langkah-langkah seperti Observasi, kuesioner/angket yang di lakukan menggunakan Google Form dan Dokumentasi, selain itu topologi jaringan awal yang digunakan di Asrama Bogani merupakan topologi star dan topologi ini merupakan standar dari pemasangan ISP (indihome). Metode ini dipergunakan karena penelitian ini berusaha untuk menemukan ada tidaknya pengaruh antara pengaruh game online/Media sosial terhadap minat belajar mahasiswa Asrama Bogani Yogyakarta. hasil analisis terdapat perbedaan minat belajar, yaitu sebelum menerapkan pemblokiran penghuni Asrama bogani memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 23,909 dan mengalami peningkatan nilai sebesar 34 setelah menerapkan pemblokiran situs game online dan media sosial pada jam belajar malam. Penerapan pemblokiran dengan layer 7 protocol pada mikrotik ini, terdapat pengaruh positif terhadap penghuni Asrama untuk mengikuti Kegiatan belajar malam di Asrama Bogani Yogyakarta.
Manejo integral de la ulcera péptica perforada: colaboración entre gastroenterología, cirugía y cirugía plástica
Authors: Vásquez Mendoza Marcos Manuel , Carbo Vélez Miguel Ángel , Román Medina Viviana Estefanía , Pincay Cedeño José Gregorio , Villamar Anchundia Gema Patricia
Published: August 2024

Esta enfermedad ha sido tratada en la literatura médica internacional desde hace más de cien años y es considerada como una de las afecciones gastrointestinales que más ha afectado a la población mundial, específicamente cuando se trata de una de sus complicaciones: la úlcera péptica perforada. La úlcera péptica perforada se reporta como una entidad relativamente rara, sin embargo, por los riesgos de muerte que una perforación puede traer para el paciente, el tratamiento quirúrgico inmediato es imprescindible. Para llevar a cabo la presente revisión bibliográfica sobre el manejo integral de la úlcera péptica perforada, se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos médicas como PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2023 que abordaran la colaboración interdisciplinaria entre gastroenterología, cirugía y cirugía plástica en el tratamiento de esta condición. El manejo integral de la úlcera péptica perforada mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario representa una estrategia esencial para asegurar el éxito del tratamiento y una recuperación adecuada.