bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La estructura del domo de la Rabassa y del sector oriental del sinclinal de Llavorsí (Pirineo Central)
Authors: Capellà I. , Bou O.
Published: October 2008

La configuración del Domo de la Rabassa y del Sinclinal de Llavorsí resulta de diferentes estructuras de cabalgamiento y de plegamiento hercínicas. El análisis estructural llevado a cabo pone de manifiesto la importancia de las estructuras de deformación que preceden al desarrollo de la foliación dominante. Tienen un carácter precoz un cabalgamiento de vergencia sur, que superpone el Silúrico sobre la más reciente de las formaciones devónicas, y pliegues de la estratificación de dimensiones hectométricas y kilométricas. Estos primeros pliegues son responsables de las estructuras antiforme y sinforme del Domo de la Rabassa y del Sinclinal de Llavorsí respectivamente. Son pliegues cerrados, vergentes al sur, y dispuestos entre las direcciones NE-SO y NO-SE. Debido a este plegamiento precoz y al nivel actual de erosión, el contacto entre el Silúrico alóctono y el Devónico infrayacente aparece sólo en algunas estructuras sinformes. Estas corresponden a las franjas de rocas silúricas que se extienden a lo largo del núcleo del Sinclinal de Llavorsí. El posterior desarrollo de la foliación dominante convierte a los pliegues precoces en apretados e isoclinales. La estructura conformada aparece sólo modificada por un sistema de fallas inversas, de vergencia sur y dirección E-O, que compartimenta el flanco sur del Sinclinal de Llavorsí.
Paleoecología y evolución de la fauna de mamíferos de América del Sur durante la «edad de las planicies australes» (Mioceno superior-Plioceno superior)
Authors: Ortiz Jaureguizar E.
Published: October 2008

En este trabajo se estudian la paleoecología y la evolución de la fauna de mamíferos de América del Sur durante la denominada «edad de las planicies australes», un período que abarca las «Edades-mamífero» Chasiquense, Huayqueriense, Montehermosense y Chapadmalalense. Para ello se consideran los cambios en la riqueza taxonómica, en las tasas de primera y última aparición y en los tipos tráficos, tomando como modelo el registro de la Región Pampeana de la República Argentina. Durante la «edad de las planicies australes» se observa un paulatino incremento en la riqueza taxonómica, con un predominio de los Caviomorpha y los Cingulata. Las tasas de primera aparición son más altas que las de última aparición con la excepción de la «Edad-mamífero» Chapadmalalense, en la cual ambas tasas alcanzan un equilibrio. Desde un punto de vista trófico, predominan los mamíferos pastadores. Esta última característica corrobora la similitud existente entre la fauna de la «edad de las planicies australes» y la Cronofauna Clarendoniana de América del Norte.
Geoquímica de las aguas termales con CO2 del SE de las Cordilleras Béticas
Authors: Cerón J. C. , Martín-Vallejo M.
Published: October 2008

El hidrotermalismo de las zonas alpinas peninsulares ha sido estudiado bajo diferentes puntos de vista, como son el condicionamiento geológico, la definición y sistematización de sus facies químicas y las temperaturas de base, entre otros, mostrando siempre su notable desarrollo y conexión con anomalías geotérmicas de carácter regional. Una de las cuestiones que parece revestir implicaciones genéticas importantes, así como para la utilización de estas aguas, es su contenido en dióxido de carbono. Se han estudiado veintisiete parámetros fisicoquímicos en veintidós puntos de agua sobre un inventario de cincuenta. La mayoría de los puntos acuíferos estudiados tienen una elevada temperatura, comprendida entre 20 y 41°C. Las aguas tienen conductividades que varían entre 771 y 5.030 μS cm-1, y que se incrementan hacia el Este de los sistemas de fallas de Carboneras- Palomares-Guadalentín. En general, las concentraciones de ion bicarbonato son elevadas, comprendidas entre 3 y 30 meq/l. Las aguas tiene PC02 altas, llegándose a medir valores superiores al, 17 atmósferas y cuyas variaciones espaciales están relacionadas con su proximidad a los sistemas de fallas de Carboneras-Palomares-Guadalentín, los cuales establecen un umbral entre diferentes espesores de la corteza. Todas las aguas se encuentran sobresaturadas en dolomita y subsaturadas en yeso, y en general saturadas en calcita. Los altos contenidos en CO2 de las aguas, además de los procesos de dedolomitización originados por la disolución de ion sulfato, contribuyen a la formación de travertinos, presentes en muchos de los puntos acuíferos estudiados. El estudio isotópico realizado permite ver que el δ13C tiene valores comprendidos entre -8,1 y -3,1‰, señalando la existencia de cantidades no despreciables de CO2 de origen profundo. El sistema hidrotermal de esta zona está relacionado con el propuesto «Cinturón de CO2 Perialpino », asociado aquí a una serie de grabens con actividades sísmica y neotectónica.
Modelización del proceso de episienitización (decuarcificación-albitización): formulación cinética y transporte advectivo en medio continuo
Authors: Caballero J. M.
Published: October 2008

Se modeliza teóricamente la formación de las episienitas de la Sierra de Guadarrama, consistente básicamente en un proceso acoplado de decuarcificación-albitización. El modelo se basa en un esquema de transporte de masas advectivo en un medio continuo, donde el proceso reactivo se formula desde un punto de vista cinético. Se demuestra la factibilidad de la formación de estas litologías a partir de fluidos hiposalinos (2,32 % peso NaCl equivalente) en equilibrio parcial con un monzogranito biotítico, asociados a trayectorias de reacción isobáricas y gradientes geotérmicos negativos, enmarcadas en el campo de solubilidad retrógrada del cuarzo y ligadas a la rápida movilización del fluido residente en el medio a alterar durante la apertura tectónica de éste. El modelo explica el carácter albítico de la alteración a diferencia de esquemas previos, que predicen microclinización en base a las relaciones ∂logKmic/∂T > ∂logKab/∂T (0,05739 y 0,05735) y ∂logKKCl/∂T < ∂logKNaCl/∂T (-0,038 y -0,036). La formación de albita deriva de la presencia de un componente anortítico, dado que ∂logKan/∂T =0,1293 ≻ ∂logKmic/∂T. Las relaciones de desequilibrio son muy moderadas, implicando que la intensidad de la alteración sea resultado de la circulación de grandes volúmenes de fluido. Esta característica conlleva, para las constantes de reacción consideradas, la escasa modificación, espacial y temporal, del fluido, siendo prácticamente nula para sus componentes mayoritarios (Na, K y, subordinadamente, el pH). El modelo demuestra la necesidad del tratamiento de sistemas complejos. En este sentido, el esquema de especiación propuesto demuestra que la evolución del pH a temperatura decreciente no es necesariamente acidificante, sino dependiente del pH del fluido inicial, dado que las concentraciones calculadas implican un control tanto por la disociación del HCI, como de la base NaOH.
La formación Capas Rojas: caracterización y génesis
Authors: Vera J. A. , Molina J. M.
Published: October 2008

Se analizan las características (litofacies, biofacies, edad, potencia, etc.) de la Formación Capas Rojas (Cretácico superior-Eoceno) que aflora extensamente en el Subbético, dentro de las Zonas Externas de la Cordillera Bética. Esta formación presenta una gran uniformidad de facies en amplios sectores de la cordillera y tiene su equivalente, en facies y en edad, en la Formación Scaglia Rossa de los Apeninos del centro de Italia y de los Alpes meridionales y en formaciones igualmente análogas en otros dominios alpinos mediterráneos. A partir de los datos sedimentológicos y paleoecológicos disponibles, especialmente del contenido en macrofósiles (rudistas aislados y equínidos) y del análisis de las icnofacies, se concluye que su depósito tuvo lugar en un medio marino hemipelágico de una profundidad moderada (pocos centenares de metros) durante un intervalo de tiempo muy prolongado (40-50 Ma) con una tasa de sedimentación muy reducida (pocos milímetros por mil años). Del análisis de la evolución del margen continental en el que se depositó, y de los equivalentes de otros dominios alpinos, se deduce que el inicio de su depósito marcó el final de la diferenciación en surcos y umbrales de estos márgenes pasivos en las etapas avanzadas del rifting, de manera que esta formación, en amplios sectores de la cuenca, cubrió áreas previamente escalonadas por fallas y lentamente las niveló.
Cumaceans (Crustacea) of the Medes Islands (Catalonia, Spain) with special attention to the genera Bodotria and Iphione
Authors: Corbera Jordi , García-Rubies Antoni
Published: October 2008

A total of 34 hauls of cumaceans obtained by means of an artificial-light epibenthic trap were studied. More than 80,000 specimens of 17 species belonging to four families were obtained. The commonest and most abundant species were Cumella limicola and Nannastacus ungiculatus. A new subspecies Bodotria arenosa leloeuffi ssp. nov. is described, as is the adult male of Iphinoe acutirostris. Morphological differences between the males of five species of the genus Iphinoe are discussed. The results are similar both quantitatively and qualitatively to those obtained from nocturnal plankton fishing in nearby areas, which proves that the bias of the sampling method is minimal in this crustacean order.
Origin and biogeography of the deep-water Mediterranean Hydromedusae including the description of two new species collected in submarine canyons of Northwestern Mediterranean
Authors: Gili J. M. , Bouillon J. , Pages F. , Palanques A. , Puig P. , Heussner S.
Published: October 2008

Two new species of hydromedusae (Foersteria antoniae and Cunina simplex) are described from plankton collected in sediment traps placed in the Lacaze-Duthiers Submarine Canyon and along Banyuls-sur-Mer coast (northwestern Mediterranean). The Mediterranean hydromedusan deep-water fauna contains 41 species which represent 45.5 % of the world-wide deep-sea hydromedusae fauna (90) and 20% of the total number of Mediterranean hydromedusae (204). The Mediterranean deep-water hydromedusan fauna is characterised by a large percentage of holoplanktonic species (61%), mainly Trachymedusae. Nevertheless, contrary to the general opinion, the percentage of meroplanktonic species is equally high. The most original features of this fauna lies however in the importance of the number of endemic species (22%) and in the fact that the majority of them are meroplanktonic Leptomedusae with a supposed bathybenthic stage. Some of the endemic species could still represent relics of the primitive Tethys fauna having survived to the Messinian crisis. The origin of the Mediterranean deep-water hydromedusan fauna is discussed and a general hypothesis is proposed.
A new species of Krampella (Hydrozoa, Hydroidomedusae, Tiarannidae) from the deep waters of Antikythira Strait (Cretan Sea, North East Mediterranean)
Authors: Gili Josep María , Bouillon Jean , Pages Francesc
Published: October 2008

A new species of Leptomedusa, Krampella tardenti is described from the deep waters of Antikythira Strait. The systematic position of the genus Krampella is precised.
Biochemical genetics in the Argentinean squid, Illex argentinus
Authors: Jérez B. , Roldan M. I. , Pla C.
Published: October 2008

Previously reported results on natural populations of the Argentinean squid, Illex argentinus, urged further studies using electrophoretically detectable loci. The muscles of 202 adult squids caught in the Argentinean Sea were examined. Electrophoretic and staining methods for the 46 enzymes studied are given in detail. Forty-seven loci were detected (20 polymorphic), 45 of which are considered useable in population genetics screening. The expression of the loci coding for these enzymes is described and interpreted, and the presented results will serve as a basis for a more detailed examination of genetic variation in Argentinean squid populations.
New data on the occurrence of Pontinus kuhlii (Bowdich, 1825)(Osteichthyes: Scorpaenidae) in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Merella Paolo , Alemany Francesc , Grau Amalia
Published: October 2008

The second documented capture of one specimen of Pontinus kuhlii (Bowdich, 1825) (Osteichthyes: Scorpaenidae) is reported from the Western Mediterranean, including a description of the specimen and formulating a hypothesis about the distribution of this species in the area.
Acoustic estimation of abundance and distribution of anchovy in the NW Mediterranean
Authors: Abad R. , Miquel M. , Iglesias M. , Álvarez F.
Published: October 2008

In order to estimate the abundance and the distribution of the anchovy in the Northwest Mediterranean, a standardised series of acoustic evaluation cruises was carried out in 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1995. The series showed that there was agreement between the biomass estimations and the registered landings in the area. On the other hand, some areas were identified where the recruits were largely localised.
Recruitment, growth, mortality and orientation patterns of Balanus trigonus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) during succession on fouling plates
Authors: Garcia Camilo B , Moreno Iovana
Published: October 2008

Succession studies on artificial substrates in the Bay of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean showed Balanus trigonus (Darwin) as one of the more prominent members of the fouling community. This fact prompted the interest for a closer examination of its biology. Four aspects were touched upon: recruitment, growth and mortality rates, and orientation with respect to the horizon line. Two hypotheses were tested. First, that orientation of individuals was random within the orientation range observed during succession, and second, that there was no relationship between orientation and age of the individuals. Larvae settling was found to occur throughout the year but with a well delimited peak in the dry season (January to April). The availability of competent larvae is reflected in the abundance of the species during succession. Growth and mortality proceed rapidly. Maximal growth (6.2 mm average carino-rostral distance) is reached in 20 weeks after settlement. Mortality is substantial: 50% of recruits, on average, died after 3-4 weeks from settlement. Orientation at settlement was found to be not random: for instance, 64% of individuals orientated between 0°-60° from the horizon. With age the orientation patterns at settlement changed statistically. Biological and ecological implications of these findings are discussed and comparisons made with other studies. It is concluded that Balanus trigonus could act as a model species for latitudinal comparisons in view of its wide distribution, adaptability and sessile habit.
Some aspects of the biology of Todarodes sagittatus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Quetglas Antoni , Alemany Francesc , Carbonell Aina , Merella Paolo , Sánchez Pilar
Published: October 2008

A total of 346 individuals (152 males and 194 females) of Todarodes sagittatus caught by commercial trawlers working down to 800 m in the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean) was studied. Data are presented on size frequency distributions, length-weight relationships, and relationships between mantle length and various measurements of the beak. Some aspects of the reproductive biology (maturity and gonad development) were also determined. Reproductive period could be situated in the second half of the year, since the number of mature individuals was maximum from July to October for males and from September to December for females. The sex ratio was found to be significantly different from 1:1 only outside this second semester. No individual appeared in hauls performed below 100 m depth and the greatest frequency of appearance was between depths of 400 and 800 m. All mature females were caught deeper than 500 m, indicating that spawning could take place from this depth. The mean mantle length increased with depth, suggesting a possible ontogenic migration.
Abundance and production of pelagic bacteria in the southern Bay of Biscay during summer
Authors: Barquero Susana , Botas J. Alfonso , Bode Antonio
Published: October 2008

The first studies on bacterial abundance and production in representative areas of the shelf in the southern Bay of Biscay were carried out in coastal, shelf-break and off-shelf zones of the Central Cantabrian Sea in summer 1993 and 1994. In 1993 some coastal stations displayed the effects of an upwelling pulse. Thymidine uptake rates were minimal during upwelling conditions in coastal waters (range 0.4 - 4 pmol l-1 h-1). In shelf-break and off-shelf waters, thymidine uptake profiles displayed surface and subsurface peaks (range 0.3 - 15.5 pmol l-1 h-1). Vertical distribution of heterobacteria abundance varied from 0.28 to 2.27 x 106 cell ml-1 in the whole area studied. Cyanobacteria varied from 0.04 x 104 to 1.04 x 105 cell ml-1. Heterobacteria accounted for 13 to 46% of total particulate carbon. In this study we concluded that during summer, pelagic heterobacteria can enhance high carbon turnover rates when upwelling relaxes and primary production rates increase, allowing the accumulation of phytoplankton. In turn, bacterial production rates decay abruptly during the upwelling process. Off-shore the system is typically oligotrophic, bacterioplankton balance the primary production rates and even bacteria seem to be food-limited. Our results on abundance and production of pelagic bacteria in the Central Cantabrian Sea are within the published range for the Galician upwelling areas.
Observations on the burrows and burrowing behaviour of Brachynotus gemmellari and on the burrows of several other species occurring on Squilla grounds off Ancona, Central Adriatic
Authors: Atkinson R. J.A. , Froglia C. , Arneri E. , Antolini B.
Published: October 2008

The paper presents information on the burrows of a number of species that occur on Squilla grounds in the coastal Adriatic off Ancona, Italy. The burrows and burrowing behaviour of Brachynotus gemmellari are described for the first time. For Upogebia tipica, Solecurtus strigilatus and Gobius niger, the observations add to sparse burrow information in the literature. Little is known of the burrows of Echiura in the Mediterranean: those of two species are briefly described from surface features.
Reproductive biology of lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) in the Cantabrian Sea
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabello C. , Cabello F. , Olaso I.
Published: October 2008

This paper examines sexual maturity of the female lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) in the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain). Analyses made using data collected from commercial trawlers during 1994 and 1995 showed that females reach sexual maturity at a length of 54.2 cm, and the mean egg-laying size is 56.4 ± 0.94 cm. At least one in six adult female dogfish carried egg-capsules during the study period. Sex-ratio by depth strata indicates a larger proportion of females in deeper waters. Mature and spawning females were found at depths ranging from 100 m to more than 400 m, with their proportion being larger in the deeper strata.
Approaches to otolith age determination: image signal treatment and age attribution
Authors: Morales-Nin Beatriz , Lombarte Antoni , Japón Beatriz
Published: October 2008

Population studies of fish depend upon correct age estimates. However ageing from otoliths is often a subjective activity, based on experience. To produce more objective and reproducible results, image analysis systems for semi-automatic otolith reading are being developed. We propose determinig the daily growth and annual structures in each otolith by means of Fourier analysis of the luminous signal, after filtering the high frequencies by means of a moving threshold. A new approach using spatio-frequential wavelet analysis is discussed for otolith age determination. The different readings of each otolith are standardised and weighted to obtain a combined age determination and vector of increment widths.
Symptoms of overexploitation in the stock of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) on the "Serola Bank" (western Mediterranean Sea off Barcelona)
Authors: Sardá Francisco
Published: October 2008

A comparison of the mean sizes for the Norway lobster population on the Serola Bank indicated a decrease of 4 mm CL in males and 3.6 mm CL in females over the past 20 years. This means a reduction between 1 and 2 years in the age of the catches. Discussion considers this aspect as symptomatic of overexploitation of this resource in the general context of the area, where CPUE for this species has suffered a significant decrease in recent years.
Influence of dietary lipid composition on yolk protein components in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Carnevali Oliana , Mosconi Gilberto , Centone Fabrizia , Navas J. M. , Zanuy Silvia , Carrillo Manuel , Bromage Niall R.
Published: October 2008

The influence of diet on yolk protein composition and egg survival was studied using the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, as an experimental model. Females were fed to satiation with a high essential fatty acid (EFA) diet during four different periods in the annual cycle: from September to February (vitellogenesis, Group A), from February to April (spawning, Group B), from April to September (postvitellogenesis, Group C) and all the year round (Group D). During the remaining months groups were fed with a low EFA diet. The percentage of egg viability and the hatching rates were observed in every group. The two major yolk proteins, lipovitellin (LV) and phosvitin (PV), were isolated from the ovary and their changes were studied by SDS-gel electrophoresis. In fish fed the diet enriched with EFA only for two months (group B) a decrease was observed of the 8 kDa PV components associated with a diminished egg viability and hatching. However, no modification of vitellogenin (VTG) plasma levels and no improvement in fish growth were observed under the dietary conditions used.
Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance
Authors: Williams R. B.
Published: October 2008

Lengths of cnidae, sampled from fresh tissue (tentacles, acontia or column) from the sea anemones Metridium senile (Linnaeus), Cereus pedunculatus (Pennant), Sagartia elegans (Dalyell), Sagartia troglodytes (Price), Anthopleura thallia (Gosse) and Urticina eques (Gosse), were measured. The mean, mode, median, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, minimum, maximum and range of each sample were calculated. Lengths of nematocysts (basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores) and spirocysts had normal (Gaussian) frequency distributions, and there was no important within-sample variability. A between-sample (same specimen) difference was detected between mean lengths of microbasic p-mastigophores from acontia in Sagartia elegans. Intraspecific (between-specimen) differences amongst mean lengths of basitrichs from column ectoderm were detected amongst four specimens of Urticina eques, and a difference occurred between the mean lengths of microbasic p-mastigophores from the acontia of two specimens of Sagartia elegans. However, for each of the species U. eques and S. elegans, there was no direct correlation between the sizes of the anemones examined and the mean lengths of their nematocysts. Overall, the results confirm that cnida size, when taken in isolation, is not a reliable taxonomic character for sea anemones. For other purposes, mean cnida measurements may be useful and a rapid sample range test is suggested for analysing differences between them. Methods are also presented for estimating means and standard deviations from data in publications that provide only ranges of cnida sizes and the number of cnidae measured. The present results and conclusions supplement those of Williams (1996, Scientia Marina, 60: 339-351).
Reproductive biology of Sepietta oweniana (Pfeffer, 1908) (Sepiolidae: Cephalopoda) in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Salman Alp
Published: October 2008

It is stated that S. oweniana, one of the well-known taxa of the family Sepiolidae, has a wide distribution throughout the Aegean Sea. In this study 805 specimens were collected, and the gonad stages of both sexes and the seasonal gonado-somatic index value were examined. It was observed that the spawning period of S. oweniana covers the whole year with two maxima in April-May and October-November. No discernible difference in length frequencies of males and females was observed. The reproductive biology parameters of the specimens were compared with those observed in other seas.
Distribution patterns and feeding success of anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, larvae off southern Brazil
Authors: Vasconcellos Marcelo Cunha , Freire Katia Felizola , Castello Jorge Pablo
Published: October 2008

Feeding success and changes in horizontal patchiness relative to size were studied for anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, larvae caught with a Bongo net off southern Brazil. Results show higher feeding success rates during winter, when the combined effect of enrichment, stability and retention mechanisms seems to create optimal conditions for larval feeding. Under optimal feeding conditions larvae of more than 10 mm have higher feeding success rates than smaller size classes. With a simple body structure and low swimming capabilities, larvae of up to 10 mm show a low level of patchiness, low evasion rate of the sampling gear and feeding on small food particles only. Results corroborate the hypothesis of a critical period between two important ontogenic phases: the beginning of exogenous feeding and the onset of active swimming, gas gland buoyancy and school forming behavior.
Molt pattern identification through gastrolith examination on Nephrops norvegicus (L.) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gramitto Maria Emilia
Published: October 2008

Samples of Nephrops norvegicus were collected on a monthly basis from October 1993 to September 1995 in different areas of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, both to investigate molt periodicity and to verify the existence of a common molt pattern for this species in the Mediterranean. The presence of well-developed gastroliths in the wall of the stomach was used as an indicator of molting periods. A well defined molting periodicity was not found among juveniles, which seem to molt all year round. In each studied area molt synchronism was evidenced among both males and females after the onset of sexual maturity, even if the seasonal molting pattern differs between the two sexes. Adult females have only one molting period per year (December-March), immediately after the hatching of eggs. Adult males present a molting period in late summer-autumn (August-October). In some areas a second molting period is evident and co-occurs with that of females (late winter-early spring). This molt synchrony among adults is common to all the Nephrops populations of the Mediterranean Sea. The different results obtained for the Atlantic population could be due to the influence of environmental factors on molt cycle regulation.
Genetic relationship in goatfishes (Mullidae: Perciformes) of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, with remarks on Suez Canal migrants
Authors: Golani D. , Ritte U.
Published: October 2008

An electrophoretic examination of 21 presumptive loci was used to analyze the genetic relationship in the fish family Mullidae. The present study included seven species from the Red Sea and two from the Mediterranean. Two of the Red Sea species (Upeneus pori and U. moluccensis), which had colonized the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal, were also sampled in their new habitat. The electrophoretic results support the taxonomy which is based on morphomeristic measurements, with the exception of U. pori, the genetic distance of which with its congeneric species is at a level which is attributed to different genera. No discernible genetic difference was found between the populations of the colonizing species in both seas (D= 0.004 for U. moluccensis, D= 0.081 for U. pori), as well as between colonizing and non-colonizing species. The average heterozygosity of Mullidae is lower than the average known for other fishes.
Fish associated with fish aggregation devices off the Canary Islands (Central-East Atlantic)
Authors: Castro J. J. , Santiago J. A. , Hernández-García V.
Published: October 2008

Sixteen fish aggregation devices (FADs) were deployed in 50 to 500 m deep of water in the Canary Islands. Species composition and abundance were determined by visual census carried out by divers on 55 occasions from April to October 1995 and from August 1996 to May 1997. A total of 15 species representing nine families of fish were observed. Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1810), Seriola spp. and Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) were the most abundant species. The number of species associated with FADs increased with immersion time, but fish biomass did not increase. The maximum number of fish species registered exactly under the FADs at any one time was five. The average estimated biomass was 9.47 Kg per FAD (SD= 25.2). However, when only baitfish were taken into account, the mean aggregated fish biomass was 3.20 Kg (SD= 4.32). The estimated biomass was higher when Coryphaena spp. was present, increasing to 53.9 Kg per FAD (SD=53.6). A significantly lower fish biomass and number of species was observed in FADs deployed in shallower waters (50-100 m depth).
Growth and reproduction of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena equiselis and Coryphaena hippurus) in the Canary Islands, Central-East Atlantic (preliminary results)
Authors: Castro J. J. , Santiago J. A. , Hernández-García V. , Pla C.
Published: October 2008

The size, growth and spawning characteristics of pompano dolphin (N=150) and common dolphinfish (N=36) caught off the Canary Islands between May and September 1995 and between July and September 1996 were examined. Fork length (FL) of pompano dolphin was in the range 28.3-62.8 cm. In 1995, the mean length increased significantly from June to September. However, in 1996, the mean length was significantly larger in July than in September. The overall length-weight relationship was W=0.0287*FL2.774 (r=0.97), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.031*FL2.758 (r=0.98) and W=0.0282*FL2.776 (r=0.97), for males and females respectively. Spawning takes place at the beginning of the Summer (June-July). All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, but females showed a higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =3.10±1.73), and decreased progressively towards the end of the season (September), when the average of this index was x- = 1.86±0.87. Similarly, the condition index decreased significantly from June to September. The proportion of females was always significantly higher than males, except in July 1996 when it was 1:1. There was a high correspondence between growth rates determined by annuli scale interpretation and modal progression analysis. According to scale annuli interpretation, the individuals caught showed more than five age classes. However, there are doubts about age assignation from scales. Fork length of common dolphinfish was in the range of 76.5-103.0 cm. The length-weight relationships obtained for all the specimens caught was W=0.00095FL3.527 (r=0.96), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.00398FL3.222 (r=0.94) and W=0.01656FL2.873 (r=0.91), for males and females respectively. Spawning probably takes place at the beginning of the Summer. All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, although the GSI of females were higher than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =5.50±2.17). In the same way, the condition index decreased from May to June. The proportion of females was always slightly higher than males (1:1.4), but the ratio was not significantly different from 1:1.
Parasitism of dolfinfhishes, Coryphaena hippurus and Coryphaena equiselis, in the western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands)
Authors: Carbonell Enrique , Massutí Enric , Castro José Juan , García Rosa María
Published: October 2008

A total of 648 dolphinfishes were examined for internal and external parasites in western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands) waters in order to make a comparative study between the two areas. The specimens studied from the Mediterranean Sea was Coryphaena hippurus, with 62 large individuals captured from May to September and 497 juveniles captured from August to December. The specimens studied from the central-eastern Atlantic were 39 adult C. hippurus and 49 adult Coryphaena equiselis. Parasites were found in 70% of the fish examined, and represented a total of nine endoparasitic taxa: six digeneans (Class Trematoda, Subclass Digenea; Dinurus tornatus, Dinurus breviductus, Dinurus longisinus, Lecithocladium excisum, Bathycotyle branchialis and Hirudinella sp.), two nematodes (Class Nematoda, Order Spirurida; Philometroides sp. and Metabronema magna) and one acanthocephalan (Phyllum Acanthocephala; Rhadinorhynchus pristis). Seven crustacean copepod ectoparasites were identified: Caligus quadratus, Caligus productus, Caligus bonito, Caligus coryphaenae (Family Caligidae) and Euryphorus nymphae (Family Euriphoridae) were found in gill mucus masses or on the inner surface of the operculum, the lernaeopodid Neobrachiella coryphaenae (Family Lernaeopodidae) was attached to gill filaments and the pennellid Pennella filosa (Family Pennellidae) was anchored to fins and rays or, deeply, to muscular tissue and abdominal cavity. The relationships between feeding habits, parasite recruitment and parasite transmission were analysed, some ecological aspects of all the parasitic species are discussed, and some comments are made on parasite-host relationships.
The fishery, demographic size structure and oocyte development of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, in Venezuela and adjacent waters
Authors: Arocha Freddy , Marcano Luis A. , Larez Asdrubal , Altuve Douglas , Alió Jose
Published: October 2008

Dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, is a widely distributed epipelagic species that migrates seasonally in different areas of the oceans. In Venezuelan and adjacent waters it is fished commercially mainly by artisanal fishermen using surface longline and gillnet. Information on effort, location, catch at size, weight and sex determination from 1991 to 1997 was used to determine the seasonality of the demographic structure of dolphinfish off Venezuela. A total of 4876 specimens were measured and sexed from port sampling and observer-covered trips in longline vessels. Oocyte development and spawning season were estimated from samples collected in observer-covered trips on board longline vessels. The seasonality of dolphinfish off Venezuela appears to show two different size groups: one arriving at the end of the first quarter comprised of large mature individuals that will spawn in May, and one arriving at the beginning of the third quarter comprised of smaller specimens that will spawn in October-November. Sex ratio at size was significantly biased towards females in all quarters for smaller specimens (120 cm FL). Oocyte development revealed an indeterminate spawning pattern, as shown by the asynchronous oocyte development in the material examined. A reproductive strategy is proposed based on the seasonal movement pattern of dolphinfish off Venezuela, which is used to ensure recruitment success due to the prevailing environmental conditions off the Venezuelan coasts.
Dolphinfish fisheries in the Caribbean region
Authors: Mahon Robin
Published: October 2008

Dolphinfish are targeted throughout the Western Central Atlantic region by recreational fishers, small-scale artisanal fishers, and small longliners. They are also taken as by-catch on large-scale commercial longlines. Catches are highly seasonal and exhibit considerable interannual variability. According to the landing statistics provided by countries to FAO, dolphinfish ranked seventh overall in reported average annual landings of large pelagic fishes in the Western Central Atlantic from 1989 to 1993. Yellowfin tuna, Spanish mackerel, skipjack tuna, king mackerel, swordfish and Atlantic bonito ranked ahead of dolphinfish. There is a trend of increasing total annual landings from about 1,700 mt in 1970-74 to about 2,800 mt in 1989-1993. Landings are reported to FAO by only eight countries, whereas dolphinfish are known to be caught in most of the region´s 34 countries. By-catch on longlines and recreational landings are also largely unreported. Therefore, it is likely that the reported landings are a substantial underestimate. The relative importance of dolphinfish to pelagic fisheries varies from one part of the region to another. In the Lesser Antilles it is the most important large pelagic fish in terms of amounts landed. The absence of a large-scale commercial fishery targeting dolphinfish appears to have resulted in a lack of recognition of its contribution, particularly in developing countries of the region. Consequently, its biology and assessment have been neglected in relation to the attention given to other large pelagic fishes, mainly tunas and tuna-like fishes which have been the focus of ICCAT assessment activities.
Characterization of the dolphinfish (Coryphaenidae) fishery of the United States western north Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Thompson Nancy B.
Published: October 2008

Fishery dependent data from various commercial and recreational sampling programs form the basis for characterizing the fishery for dolphinfish (Coryphaenus hippurus) in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and off the southeastern U.S. coast. Three states in the region have implemented size and bag limits for dolphinfishes, but there are no federal regulations in place at this time. Commercial landings were relatively small in comparison to recreational landings from 1984 through 1996. In 1995 however, commercial landings in the Atlantic Ocean of the southeastern U.S. were almost twice the weight of the previous years. The average weight per fish was calculated for each water body and fishing sector and there appear to have been significant increases in the average weight of fish landed both in the commercial and recreational sectors in the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Catch per unit of effort is measured as numbers of fish caught per angler per hour in the recreational fishery and has been variable since the early 1980s. In light of increasing landings and average weights of fish landed since the 1980s, the sustainability of this fishery must be fully evaluated.
Dolphinfish fishery around the Maltese Islands
Authors: Vella Adriana
Published: October 2008

The dolphinfish fishery has constituted and still constitutes an essential part of the Maltese fishing economy. This species appears seasonally in Maltese waters from May-June to December-January, with a peak in October. The fishing techniques used by the Maltese fishermen are still artisinal and concentrate on the juvenile stage of this species present in Maltese waters between August and November. Local research on this species goes back to the 1960s but has not been consistent since then, so more research is required.
Reproductive potential of the lithodids Lithodes santolla and Paralomis granulosa (Anomura, Decapoda) in the Beagle Channel, Argentina
Authors: Lovrich Gustavo A. , Vinuesa Julio H.
Published: October 2008

Lithodidae is the only group of reptant decapods that occurs in Antarctic waters and has been particularly abundant in the Beagle Channel, Straits of Magellan and south to 50º S. Because of their abundance in coastal waters, the sympatric Lithodes santolla and Paralomis granulosa have constituted a mixed fishery since the 1930s. The two species differ markedly in their reproductive potential. Lithodes santolla is large (maximum size of 190 mm carapace length, CL, and 8 kg weight), has a generation time of 6 yrs., the reproductive cycle is annual and females carry between 5,000-60,000 eggs per female per clutch. In their life span, L. santolla females produce 6 times more eggs than P. granulosa females. Paralomis granulosa is smaller than its relative (maximum 115 mm CL and 1.5 kg weight), and has a slower growth rate, resulting in a generation time of 12 yrs. The reproductive cycle is biennial and females carry between 800-10,000 eggs per female per clutch. Moreover, the reproductive potential of P. granulosa is reduced because an important proportion of the largest and more prolific females of the population do not carry eggs. In other terms, in one generation time of P. granulosa, two complete generations of L. santolla are produced, and compared to other Subantarctic lithodids L. santolla is the most prolific species. The higher reproductive potential of L. santolla probably confers to this species the ability to recover more rapidly from an overfishing situation.
Mollusca of the Magellan Region. A checklist of the species and their distribution
Authors: Linse Katrin
Published: October 2008

The Molluscan species collected during the Victor Hensen Joint Magellan Campaign 1994 served as the basis for this species list. The list was then completed by literature data on the distribution of molluscs around the Falkland Islands, the other Scotia Arc Islands, Antarctica and the Kerguelen Islands. 397 Magellan species are known: 10 species of Aplacophora, 250 species of Gastropoda, 6 species of Scaphopoda and 131 species of Bivalvia. Polyplacophora and Cephalopoda are not included because both taxa need revision.
Zoogeographic relationships of Magellan Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) with particular reference to species from adjacent regions
Authors: Schrödl Michael
Published: October 2008

Extensive recent collections and taxonomical revisions provide a basis for the first zoogeographical analysis of Magellan Nudibranchia. Using 36 of 57 nominal species described in this area, the degree of endemism has been decreased from 70% to 31%. Very close faunistic relationships to northern Argentina are evident as five of six known species (83%) are shared with the Magellan Province. With a 43% overlap of Magellan species in the southern part of the Peruvian faunal Province (44 species), this area shows a transitional character between cold- and warm-temperate waters. Only three of 36 Magellan species are found in common with the high Antarctic (ca. 30 species), revealing a low faunal similarity of about 10%. High Antarctic waters are characterized by high nudibranch endemism (about 80%). Of the ten nudibranch species reported from South Georgia, two are exclusively shared with Magellan, two with high Antarctic and three with both Magellan and Antarctic waters, indicating transitional, Subantarctic conditions. One species is endemic to South Georgia, two other species are insufficiently known and may or may not be endemic. Generally, the Antarctic Convergence appears to be a distributional barrier for Magellan nudibranchs. In contrast, some Antarctic nudibranch species extend far into the Atlantic, obviously with cold Antarctic deep water currents. Coastal, cold temperate Magellan nudibranchs have relatively low affinities to the deep water fauna off Argentina, which seems to be predominantly submerged Antarctic species, but this bathymetrical zonation needs to be further investigated.
Penguins of the Magellan region
Authors: Bingham M. , Mejias E.
Published: October 2008

The Magellan region, including the Falkland Islands, is one of the world´s most important areas for seabirds, and especially penguins. World-wide there are 17 species of penguin; 7 of these regularly breed around the coastal waters of South America, and 5 within the Magellan region. These are the King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes c. chrysocome), Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). During the last five years, a review of the breeding populations of penguins within the Magellan region was conducted. This work included population censuses of all the surface breeding species throughout the Falkland Islands and southern South America. The results of this work are presented, along with other cited information, to provide a summary of the current knowledge of penguin populations within the Magellan region.
Systematics and distribution of cumaceans collected during BENTAR-95 cruise around South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)
Authors: Corbera J.
Published: October 2008

During the BENTART-95 cruise, 24 stations around the South Shetland Islands and Trinity Island, ranging from 45 to 649 m bottom depth, were sampled using a Macer-GIROQ sledge. Alltogether, 1236 specimens of cumaceans belonging to 25 species were captured. Four of them are new species named Cumella emergens, Procampylaspis halei, Campylaspis heterotuberculata and Leucon (Crymoleucon) costatus. Distribution of cumaceans in this area is depth-dependent and the highest diversity was observed at the deeper station. A total of 68 species have been recorded from Antarctic and Subantarctic waters, the greatest part (47 species) were found between 50 and 300 m depth; only 3 species inhabit below 2,500 m depth. Antarctic cumacean fauna shows a high degree of endemism at a specific level (91%), however, only one genus of 19 is endemic. By regions, the Kerguelen Islands have the highest percentage of endemic species (56%). Antarctic cumaceans do not seem to have a common origin, some species could have colonized Antarctica through Scotia Arc (as the genus Campylaspis) or emerged from deep-sea while others may be radiated from Antarctica to lower latitudes (as the species of subgenus Crymoleucon).
Flow cytometry as a tool for the study of phytoplankton
Authors: Dubelaar G. B.J. , Jonker R. R.
Published: October 2008

An overview is presented on flow cytometry as a tool for counting, analysis and identification of phytoplankton species and groups. The paper covers basics on the analysis technique and instrumentation such as the measuring principle, the type of instrument, limitations and pitfalls with phytoplankton samples and sample handling and preprocessing. Possibilities of the measured entities are discussed, roughly divided in light scatter and related parameters, the endogenous fluorescence and exogenous fluorescence, followed by a discussion on the actual applications such as phytoplankton abundance analysis, ecology and physiology research and monitoring of particle size and biomass. In addition to a limited literature review, we tried to assess how flow cytometry is used in routine laboratory practice and monitoring operations. Therefore, a questionnaire was sent out via email to 47 scientists at 43 institutes known to us as involved in flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton. In total, 19 scientists responded. Specific survey results are included in italic print whereas some more general answers were integrated in the overview.
Flow cytometry and integrated imaging
Authors: Kachel V. , Wietzorrek J.
Published: October 2008

It is a serious problem to relate the results of a flow cytometric analysis of a marine sample to different species. Images of particles selectively triggered by the flow cytometric analysis and picked out from the flowing stream give a valuable additional information on the analyzed organisms. The technical principles and problems of triggered imaging in flow are discussed, as well as the positioning of the particles in the plane of focus, freezing the motion of the quickly moving objects and what kinds of light sources are suitable for pulsed illumination. The images have to be stored either by film or electronically. The features of camera targets and the memory requirements for storing the image data and the conditions for the triggering device are shown. A brief explanation of the features of three realized flow cytometric imaging (FCI) systems is given: the Macro Flow Planktometer built within the EUROMAR MAROPT project, the Imaging Module of the European Plankton Analysis System, supported by the MAST II EurOPA project and the most recently developed FLUVO VI universal flow cytometer including HBO 100- and laser excitation for fluorescence and scatter, Coulter sizing as well as bright field and and phase contrast FCI.