bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wage Determination and Employer Power in the Labour Market for Servants: Evidence from England and Wales, 1780–1834
Authors: Kaiser Moritz
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the labour market for female servants in England and Wales between 1780 and 1834, using previously unexplored archival materials alongside qualitative sources. After introducing the dataset, the study provides a micro-level analysis of wage determinants and traces the sources and evolution of employer market power. The findings show that real wages fell substantially during the early decades of the nineteenth century and stagnated throughout the period from 1780 to 1834. Amid rising cost-of-living pressures in the early 1800s, declining real wages were accompanied by increased nominal wage bunching, suggesting greater employer market power. These trends are contextualized with insights from servants’ autobiographies and household manuals. The combined quantitative and qualitative evidence suggests that service labour markets were highly localized, employers coordinated wage-setting and working conditions, and servants faced barriers to job mobility due to living in tied housing, difficulties in recovering unpaid wages, and the critical role of character references. The results indicate that employers in the largest segment of the labour market had considerable wage-setting power, which intensified during the early years of industrialization.
Flushed with success: how participation in social schemes influences toilet adoption in rural India
Authors: Tyagi Malvika , Kumar Deepak , Hussain Malik Altaf , Khan Md Tajuddin
Published: February 2025

Despite significant public health investments, rural India’s sanitation challenges persist, raising questions about effective intervention strategies. This study investigates the influence of participation in social schemes on household sanitation behaviours, specifically toilet adoption and soap usage. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey (2004–05 and 2011–12), a Linear Probability Model with Propensity Score Matching is employed to address potential selection bias. Results indicate that scheme participation increases toilet adoption by 45.5% and soap usage by 13.8%, with effects varying by socio-economic status, demographic characteristics, and local infrastructure. Particularly strong impacts are observed among historically disadvantaged communities, suggesting that social schemes can effectively reduce sanitation inequities. The spillover effect on soap usage indicates these interventions may catalyse broader hygiene behaviour changes. The findings highlight the value of social schemes in improving rural sanitation practices and offer insights for future programme design.
The three degrees of metrical strength in Strict CV metrics, a theory without parsing
Authors: Faust Noam , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti Jeremiah
Published: February 2025

Typology establishes three degrees of metrical strength. Foot-based theories designate the intermediate degree as that of unparsed syllables, i.e. syllables that are not part of a foot. However, this denotation of parsing mispredicts massively; moreover, there is no real reason why such unparsed syllables should be of intermediate prosodic strength (as opposed to the weakest or strongest). This paper presents an alternative account in Strict CV metrics (Ulfsbjorninn 2014, Faust & Ulfsbjorninn 2018). The correct three-way hierarchy follows from the basic operation of the theory, namely incorporation, whereby one nucleus becomes prominent by incorporating metrical significance from another nucleus. Examples come first from the more classical cases of Dutch and English and then from three test-cases provided by unrelated languages: St’át’imcets (Lillooet Salish), Burmese, and Tiberian Hebrew. No appeal is made to the notion of parsing.
Rediscovering Hitavadi: A Forgotten Pioneer of Telugu Vernacular Print and Missionary Journalism
Authors: Chakali Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2025

This article examines the pioneering yet largely forgotten magazine Hitavadi, the first Telugu Christian monthly magazine and the earliest Telugu monthly journal. Founded in 1862 by Rev. John Edmund Sharkey, Hitavadi played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual, religious and social discourse in the Telugu-speaking regions of colonial India. Despite its significance, the history of the magazine has remained elusive due to the disappearance of most issues from public libraries and archives. The scarcity of issues reflects the fragility of nineteenth-century print preservation, making this article the first detailed attempt to reconstruct the legacy of Hitavadi. Through its vernacular focus, Hitavadi blended Christian teachings with secular knowledge, addressing gender reform, education and social transformation. It was not merely a missionary tool but a platform for intellectual engagement, connecting local concerns with global ideas. This study explores the role of the magazine in constructing a Telugu public sphere and contributing to the broader Protestant mission of literacy and moral reform. In doing so, it sheds light on the dynamics of colonial print culture, vernacular journalism, and the challenges of recovering lost archival material.
Fractional Brownian motion with deterministic drift: how critical is drift regularity in hitting probabilities
Authors: ERRAOUI MOHAMED , HAKIKI YOUSSEF
Published: February 2025

Let

$B^{H}$

be a d-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index

$H\in(0,1)$

,

$f\,:\,[0,1]\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{d}$

a Borel function, and

$E\subset[0,1]$

,

$F\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$

are given Borel sets. The focus of this paper is on hitting probabilities of the non-centered Gaussian process

$B^{H}+f$

. It aims to highlight how each component f, E and F is involved in determining the upper and lower bounds of

$\mathbb{P}\{(B^H+f)(E)\cap F\neq \emptyset \}$

. When F is a singleton and f is a general measurable drift, some new estimates are obtained for the last probability by means of suitable Hausdorff measure and capacity of the graph

$Gr_E(f)$

. As application we deal with the issue of polarity of points for

$(B^H+f)\vert_E$

(the restriction of

$B^H+f$

to the subset

$E\subset (0,\infty)$

).
Using EEG and eye-tracking as indicators to investigate situation awareness variation during flight monitoring in air traffic control system
Authors: Li Qinbiao , Ng Kam K.H. , Yu Simon C.M. , Yiu Cho Yin , Li Fan , Chan Felix T.S.
Published: February 2025

Identifying the absence of situation awareness (SA) in air traffic controllers is critical since it directly affects their hazard perception. This study aims to introduce and validate a multimodal methodology employing electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking to investigate SA variation within specific air traffic control contexts. Data from 28 participants executing the experiment involving three different SA-probe tests illustrated the conceptual relationship between EEG and eye-tracking indicators and SA variations, using behavioural data as a proxy. The results indicated that both EEG and eye-tracking metrics correlated positively with the SA levels required, that is, the frequency spectrum in the β (13–30 Hz) and γ (30–50 Hz) bands, alongside the fixation/saccade-based indicators and pupil dilation increased in response to higher SA levels. This research has substantial implications for investigating SA using a human-centric approach via psychophysiological indicators, revealing the intrinsic interactions between the human capability envelope and SA, contributing to the development of a real-time monitoring system of SA variations for air transportation safety research.
THÉORIE DES NOMBRES DES PREUVES DATANT DU XIIIe SIÈCLE
Authors: Toumi Seif Eddin , Nafti Foued
Published: February 2025

Nous entendons dans cet article éditer, traduire et analyser un texte datant du xiiie siècle dans lequel figurent des preuves arithmétiques de la proposition selon laquelle la somme des carrés de deux nombres impairs ne peut pas être un carré. Cette proposition avait déjà été démontrée par al-Ḫāzin au xe siècle par le biais des propositions 3 et 5 du livre II et de la proposition 22 du livre IX des Éléments d’Euclide.
MAD MAN, SLEEPER, AND FIRE AVICENNA ON THE PERCEPTION OF THE EXTERNAL
Authors: Cai Zhenyu
Published: February 2025

Avicenna is well-known for rejecting Aristotle’s dichotomy between perception and the intellect by introducing the so-called estimative power, which connects perception and the intellect. The estimative power is similar to sensory cognition because what is estimated is always mixed with the sensibles. Additionally, the proper object of estimation is the individualised macnā, which seems similar to the object of the intellect as the intelligible macnā. Given the special role of estimation, scholars have recently begun debating whether Avicenna has a conceptualist theory of perception. This article contributes to that debate by focusing on Avicenna’s discussions about the perception of externals in Al-taclīqāt. I argue for a reading that steers between Mohammad Azadpur’s conceptualist reading and Luis Farjeat’s anti-conceptualist reading. For Avicenna, the presence of the sensible form in a sensory power is non-conceptual, but the perceptual judgement exhibits a weak epistemic conceptualism.
THE EXTENSION OF REALITY
Authors: Ibrahim Bilal
Published: February 2025

Avicenna’s distinction between external existence and mental existence is seminal to logic and philosophy in the Islamic tradition. This article examines philosophers who depart from Avicenna’s external-mental existence framework. They view the former as failing to support a general analysis of reality and truth, as mental existence is neither necessary nor sufficient for analyzing propositional truths, i.e., true propositions are true irrespective of “the very existence of minds” and “the perceptual acts of perceivers.” They propose that Avicenna’s semantics for categorical propositions needs revision, as there are true metathetic and hypothetical propositions, i.e., subject terms need not exist – in external reality or in a mind – for such propositions to be true. This counter-Avicennan current of thought articulates a third distinction in the analysis of reality, which focuses on the mind-independent nature of propositional content – particularly propositions with empty, hypothetical, or impossible subject terms – as a way to think generally about reality, in contrast to the Avicennan emphasis on the existential status of terms and essences. Notably, the analysis of mind-independent reality is supported by a novel semantics of “real” (ḥaqīqī) categorical propositions, which avoids external and mental existence conditions.
Comparative microRNA signatures based on liquid biopsy to identify lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer patients undergoing upfront surgery or endoscopic resection
Authors: Okamoto Kazuaki , Nozawa Hiroaki , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Yoko , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Emoto Shigenobu , Murono Koji , Sasaki Kazuhito , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Ishihara Soichiro
Published: February 2025

After endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) with a high risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM), additional surgery is required. However, the actual frequency of LNM based on conventional risk factors is less than 16%. There is a need for biomarkers to identify T1 CRC carrying a high risk of metastasis to avoid unnecessary radical surgery. Based on the comparison of serum miRNA between stage I/II and stage III from a large-scale in silico dataset, we conducted a validation analysis of the selected miRNAs using plasma samples from LNM-positive and LNM-negative T1 CRC patients who underwent endoscopic treatment followed by radical surgery at our hospital. In the validation cohort, the three-miRNA classifiers (miR-195-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-193b-3p) effectively identified LNM-positive T1 CRC patients who received upfront surgery with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.74. Moreover, in T1 CRC patients after endoscopic resection, miR-195-5p and miR-221-3p were able to predict LNM with an AUC of 0.74. Plasma miRNA signatures may serve as effective predictors for LNM in T1 CRC both before upfront surgery and after endoscopic resection.
Five-year follow-up with the PreserFlo MicroShunt for open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Scheres Lotte M. J. , Kujovic-Aleksov Stefani , Winkens Bjorn , de Crom Ronald M. P. C. , Webers Carroll A. B. , Beckers Henny J. M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To report on five-year results with the PreserFlo MicroShunt (MicroShunt) for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Patients and methods

Retrospective case series of consecutive patients who underwent a stand-alone MicroShunt implantation at the University Eye Clinic of Maastricht. If a patient underwent the procedure in both eyes, only the first eye was included in the analysis. MicroShunt implantation was augmented with 0.2 mg/ml mitomycin-C. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) during follow-up. Furthermore, information on IOP-lowering medication use, success rates, reoperation rates, and postoperative complications was collected.

Results

Sixty-six eyes were included for analyses. Diagnoses included primary open-angle glaucoma (88%) and pigmentary glaucoma (12%). The majority of patients had moderate or advanced glaucoma, based on the mean deviation of the visual field examination. Mean (95% - confidence interval) IOP dropped from 21.8 (20.8–22.8) at baseline to 13.2 (11.8–14.6) mmHg after 5 years (p < 0.001). Mean number of IOP-lowering medications was reduced from 2.5 (2.2–2.9) at baseline to 0.9 (0.5–1.2), 1.0 (0.7–1.4), and 1.1 (0.7–1.5) after three, four, and five years (all p < 0.001). Needling or surgical revision was performed in twelve eyes (18%). Nineteen eyes (29%) required further IOP-lowering surgery. Postoperative complications were usually mild and self-limiting and included early hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, and hyphaema.

Conclusions

After five years, the MicroShunt was found to be a safe procedure, leading to a sustained reduction in mean IOP and number of IOP-lowering medications. However, almost one third of the eyes required further IOP-lowering interventions.
Heat flows solubilize apatite to boost phosphate availability for prebiotic chemistry
Authors: Matreux Thomas , Schmid Almuth , Rappold Mechthild , Weller Daniel , Çalışkanoğlu Ayşe Zeynep , Moore Kelsey R. , Bosak Tanja , Dingwell Donald B. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Guyot François , Scheu Bettina , Braun Dieter , Mast Christof B.
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus is an essential building block of life, likely since its beginning. Despite this importance for prebiotic chemistry, phosphorus was scarce in Earth’s rock record and mainly bound in poorly soluble minerals, with the calcium-phosphate mineral apatite as key example. While specific chemical boundary conditions have been considered to address this so-called phosphate problem, a fundamental process that solubilizes and enriches phosphate from geological sources remains elusive. Here, we show that ubiquitous heat flows through rock cracks can liberate phosphate from apatite by the selective removal of calcium. Phosphate’s strong thermophoresis not only achieves its 100-fold up-concentration in aqueous solution, but boosts its solubility by two orders of magnitude. We show that the heat-flow-solubilized phosphate can feed the synthesis of trimetaphosphate, increasing the conversion 260-fold compared to thermal equilibrium. Heat flows thus enhance solubility to unlock apatites as phosphate source for prebiotic chemistry, providing a key to early life’s phosphate problem.
Predictable recovery rates in near-surface materials after earthquake damage
Authors: Illien Luc , Turowski Jens M. , Sens-Schönfelder Christoph , Berenfeld Clément , Hovius Niels
Published: February 2025

Earthquakes introduce transient mechanical damage in the subsurface, which causes postseismic hazards and can take years to recover. This observation has been linked to relaxation, a phenomenon observed in a wide range of materials after straining perturbations, but systematic controls on the recovery duration in the shallow subsurface after earthquake ground shaking have not been determined. Here, we analyse the effects of two successive large earthquakes and their aftershocks on ground properties using estimates of seismic velocity from ambient noise interferometry. We show that the relaxation time scale is a constant that is an intrinsic property of the substrate, independent of the intensity of ground shaking. Our study highlights the predictability of earthquake damage dynamics in the shallow subsurface and also in other materials. This finding may be reconciled with existing state variable frameworks by considering the superposition of different populations of damaged contacts.
The German adaptation of the Amputee Body Image Scale and the importance of psychosocial adjustment to prosthesis use
Authors: Bekrater-Bodmann Robin
Published: February 2025

Negative cognitions related to one’s own body, here referred to as body image disturbances (BID), are common after lower limb amputation and correlate with weak psychological functioning. The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS) is internationally used to assess BID in persons with lower limb amputation. However, there is no psychometrically evaluated German adaptation available. Including a sample of 191 individuals with lower limb amputation, the present study developed and psychometrically evaluated the German ABIS. Results suggest high reliability in terms of internal consistency and stability of the measure over two years. Meaningful and significant relationships to sex, amputation level, post-amputation pain, mobility, and psychopathology indicate validity of the instrument. Multivariate analyses emphasize a specific and inverse relationship between BID and psychosocial adaptation to the prosthesis including its embodiment. Focussing on ABIS items that are independent of the type of amputation or rehabilitation experiences resulted in an ABIS short form with psychometric properties comparable to the long form. This instrument could be prospectively used in diverse limb loss populations, such as individuals with upper limb amputation or persons not using a prosthesis. The present results thus crucially contribute to the repertoire of patient-reported outcome measures in the context of post-amputation rehabilitation.
Changing ecosystems promote generalism and enhanced heterogeneity in diet composition in the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary beluga
Authors: Cabrol Jory , Lesage Véronique , Rioux Ève
Published: February 2025

Changes in trophodynamics may affect trophic niche both at the individual and population levels. Using stable isotope ratios, we showed how contrasting oceanographic and trophic conditions in 1997–2003 and 2015–2020 have altered the diet and degree of individual specialization of St. Lawrence Estuary beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). The trophic niche of all sex and age classes changed over time, with beluga consuming more small pelagic prey during the first than the second period. Adult male diets differed from that of adult females and juveniles during the first period due to the other prey that were consumed. In 2015–2020, diet contributions by small pelagic prey decreased in all segments of the population and led to marginally significant differences in diet between adult males and females. These dietary changes were concomitant to a diversification of diet at the individual level and to an increase in diet heterogeneity among conspecifics and years within the 2015–2020 period. Whether these patterns emerged from an environment-driven reduction in prey biomass or from an increase in intra- and/or interspecific competition is unknown. Our findings illustrate the importance of considering individuals and not just the population when studying the foraging ecology of endangered species.
A digital heat early warning system for older adults
Authors: Oberai Mehak , Xu Zhiwei , Bach Aaron , Forbes Connor , Jackman Ella , O’Connor Fergus , Ennever Isabella , Binnewies Sebastian , Baker Steven , Rutherford Shannon
Published: February 2025

Extreme heat events lead to considerable health burden and are becoming more severe and frequent, calling for the development of effective population-based and individualised heat early warning systems. We developed an individualised heat early warning system and tested it in 78 older adults’ ( ≥ 65 years) homes in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Quantitative and qualitative data from this proof-of-concept testing study showed that the Ethos system performed well on a standard usability scale (mean score of 78 on the System Usability Scale). Following a summer-time use of this early warning system, there were increases in heat preparedness (P < 0.001, marginal homogeneity tests) but no significant increases in heat health risk perception or the uptake of low-cost cooling measures (e.g., hand/forearm bath, fans). This proof-of-concept research demonstrated the usability of this tailored, actionable, real-time digital heat early warning system, although the effectiveness of the system remains to be evaluated in a robust trial design.
Developmental phylotranscriptomics in grapevine suggests an ancestral role of somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Koska Sara , Leljak-Levanić Dunja , Malenica Nenad , Bigović Villi Kian , Futo Momir , Čorak Nina , Jagić Mateja , Ivanić Ariana , Tušar Anja , Kasalo Niko , Domazet-Lošo Mirjana , Vlahoviček Kristian , Domazet-Lošo Tomislav
Published: February 2025

The zygotic embryogenesis of Arabidopsis, which is initiated by gamete fusion, shows hourglass-shaped ontogeny-phylogeny correlations at the transcriptome level. However, many plants are capable of yielding a fully viable next generation by somatic embryogenesis—a comparable developmental process that usually starts with the embryogenic induction of a diploid somatic cell. To explore the correspondence between ontogeny and phylogeny in this alternative developmental route in plants, here we develop a highly efficient model of somatic embryogenesis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and sequence its developmental transcriptomes. By combining the evolutionary properties of grapevine genes with their expression values, recovered from early induction to the formation of juvenile plants, we find a strongly supported hourglass-shaped developmental trajectory. However, in contrast to zygotic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, where the torpedo stage is the most evolutionarily inert, in the somatic embryogenesis of grapevine, the heart stage expresses the most evolutionarily conserved transcriptome. This represents a surprising finding because it suggests a better evolutionary system-level analogy between animal development and plant somatic embryogenesis than zygotic embryogenesis. We conclude that macroevolutionary logic is deeply hardwired in plant ontogeny and that somatic embryogenesis is likely a primordial embryogenic program in plants.
mGluR5-mediated astrocytes hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to neuropathic pain in male mice
Authors: Shen Weida , Chen Fujian , Tang Yejiao , Zhao Yulu , Zhu Linjing , Xiang Liyang , Ning Li , Zhou Wen , Chen Yiran , Wang Liangxue , Li Jing , Huang Hui , Zeng Ling-Hui
Published: February 2025

Astrocytes regulate synaptic transmission in healthy and pathological conditions, but their involvement in modulating synaptic transmission in chronic pain is unknown. Our study demonstrates that astrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) exhibit abnormal calcium signals and induce the release of glutamate in male mice. This leads to an elevation in extracellular glutamate concentration, activation of presynaptic kainate receptors, and an increase in synaptic transmission following neuropathic pain. We discovered that the abnormal calcium signals are caused by the reappearance of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) in astrocytes in male mice. Importantly, when we specifically inhibit the Gq pathway using iβARK and reduce the expression of mGluR5 in astrocytes through shRNA, we observe a restoration of astrocytic calcium activity, normalization of synaptic transmission and extracellular concentration of glutamate, and improvement in mechanical allodynia in male mice. Furthermore, the activation of astrocytes through chemogenetics results in an overabundance of excitatory synaptic transmission, exacerbating mechanical allodynia in mice with neuropathic pain, but not in sham-operated male mice. In summary, our findings suggest that the abnormal calcium signaling in astrocytes, mediated by mGluR5, plays a crucial role in enhancing synaptic transmission in ACC and contributing to mechanical allodynia in male mice.
DSTYK phosphorylates STING at late endosomes to promote STING signaling
Authors: Dong Hao , Zhang Heng , Song Pu , Hu Yuan , Chen Danying
Published: February 2025

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for innate immune pathway activation in response to pathogenic DNA. Proper activation of STING signaling requires STING translocation and phosphorylation. Here, we show that dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase (DSTYK) directly phosphorylates STING Ser366 at late endosomes to promote the activation of STING signaling. We find that TBK1 promotes STING post-Golgi trafficking via its kinase activity, thereby enabling the interaction between DSTYK and STING. We also demonstrate that DSTYK and TBK1 can both promote STING phosphorylation at late endosomes. Using an in vivo Dstyk-knockout model, we showed that mice deficient in DSTYK demonstrate reduced STING signaling activation and are more susceptible to infection with a DNA virus. Together, we reveal the previously unknown cellular function of DSTYK in phosphorylating STING and our findings provide insights into the mechanism of STING signaling activation at late endosomes.
Muskelin is a substrate adaptor of the highly regulated Drosophila embryonic CTLH E3 ligase
Authors: Briney Chloe A , Henriksen Jesslyn C , Lin Chenwei , Jones Lisa A , Benner Leif , Rains Addison B , Gutierrez Roxana , Gafken Philip R , Rissland Olivia S
Published: February 2025

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved developmental process where the maternally-derived protein and mRNA cache is replaced with newly made zygotic gene products. We have previously shown that in Drosophila the deposited RNA-binding proteins ME31B, Cup, and Trailer Hitch are ubiquitylated by the CTLH E3 ligase and cleared. However, the organization and regulation of the CTLH complex remain poorly understood in flies because Drosophila lacks an identifiable substrate adaptor, and the mechanisms restricting the degradation of ME31B and its cofactors to the MZT are unknown. Here, we show that the developmental regulation of the CTLH complex is multi-pronged, including transcriptional control by OVO and autoinhibition of the E3 ligase. One major regulatory target is the subunit Muskelin, which we demonstrate is a substrate adaptor for the Drosophila CTLH complex. Finally, we find that Muskelin has few targets beyond the three known RNA-binding proteins, showing exquisite target specificity. Thus, multiple levels of integrated regulation restrict the activity of the embryonic CTLH complex to early embryogenesis, during which time it regulates three important RNA-binding proteins.
A fast, accurate strategy based on LAMP–NALF for detecting human adenovirus serotype 3 in children
Authors: Yun Qi , Xia Wen Hui , Ma Si Fei , Lu Dong Ming , Gu Meng , Zhu Ao Shuang
Published: February 2025

This research was conducted to establish a fast-track detection scheme for the adenovirus, a common respiratory pathogen in children, to facilitate precise clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Revealing the dynamics of fungal disease with proteomics
Authors: Sa Mariana , da Silva Mayara , Ball Brianna , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer
Published: February 2025

The occurrence and distribution of new and re-emerging fungal pathogens, along with rates of antifungal resistance are rising across the globe, and correspondingly, so is our awareness and call to...
Correction: Simple oxime functionalized fluorene polymers for organic solar cells
Authors: Adeoba Abdullah Adewale , Shen Xiangyu , Bi Fuzhen , Niu Jianan , Sun Mingxin , Wen Shuguang , Bao Xichang
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Simple oxime functionalized fluorene polymers for organic solar cells’ by Abdullah Adewale Adeoba et al., Polym. Chem., 2024, 15, 4474–4481.
Regulating the coordination environment of single-atom catalysts anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene for efficient nitrogen reduction
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhu Bo , Yan Likai
Published: February 2025

Mo-ZZG demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity for N2 reduction to NH3 with a limiting potential (UL) of −0.26 V.
Molecular adsorption induces normal stresses at frictional interfaces of hydrogels
Authors: Ciapa Lola , Tran Yvette , Frétigny Christian , Chateauminois Antoine , Verneuil Emilie
Published: February 2025

Friction experiments were conducted on hydrogel thin films sliding against a rigid sphere in a low velocity regime where molecular adsorption at the sliding interface sets the friction force, through...
Bottom-up assembly of recyclable van der Waals-integrated photocatalysts towards efficient photoelectrocatalytic degradation
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun , Lu Zhao-Ming , Yang Yanling , Shi Xiao-Lei , Chen Jin-Geng , Hu Ze-Nan , Zhang Biying , Chen Yue-Feng , Sun Yu , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: February 2025

Large-scale synthesis of recyclable photocatalysts for pollutant degradation remains a challenge. Epitaxial growth of powdered photocatalysts on recyclable substrates is constrained by the dedicated materials with highly matched lattices and...
1D cuprates ACuO2 (A=Li, Na, K, Ru, Cs): not a simple atomic insulator
Authors: Liu Bing , Qiu Xiaole , Yang Hongchao , Cao Lianzhen , Liu Zhao
Published: February 2025

Insulators are generally categorized into topological nontrivial and trivial one based on the presence and absence of topological invariant. While topological nontrivial insulators have attracted significant attention, advancements in classifying...
Reservoir computing determined by nonlinear weight dynamics in Gd-doped CeO2/CeO2 bi-layered oxide memristors
Authors: Moon Sola , Park Cheolhong , Jung Yunyoung , Min Kyeong-Sik , Ko Hyunhyub , Yoon Tae-Sik
Published: February 2025

Reservoir computing (RC) using a Pt/Gd-doped CeO2/CeO2/Pt memristor is systematically investigated, where its time-dependent weight updates and nonlinear decay characteristics are critical for extracting spatiotemporal features in RC applications.
Nano-absorbers via in-situ surface modification engineering with self-forming heterointerfaces and prominent electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Bai Rongsheng , Zhang Yue-e , Yin Ziqing , Chang Lei , Xu Hongjie , Xue Zhiyong , Ke Haibo , Wang Weihua
Published: February 2025

Surface modification engineering has greatly promoted the flourishing development of Fe-based electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMWAs). However, there remains challengeable dilemma in modifying surfaces effectively and simply. Herein, an in-situ surface...
Correction: Development of a novel UHPLC-UV combined with UHPLC-QTOF/MS fingerprint method for the comprehensive evaluation of Nao-Luo-Xin-Tong: multi-wavelength setting based on traditional Chinese medicinal prescription composition
Authors: Wang Lina , Wang Yanling , Tong Guangyun , Li Yu , Lei Mengnan , Wu Huan , Wang Bin , Hu Rongfeng
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Development of a novel UHPLC-UV combined with UHPLC-QTOF/MS fingerprint method for the comprehensive evaluation of Nao-Luo-Xin-Tong: multi-wavelength setting based on traditional Chinese medicinal prescription composition’ by Lina Wang et al., Anal. Methods, 2019, 11, 6092–6102, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AY01975H.
Expression of concern: Electrothermal patches driving the transdermal delivery of insulin
Authors: Pagneux Quentin , Ye Ran , Chengnan Li , Barras Alexandre , Hennuyer Nathalie , Staels Bart , Caina D. , Osses J. I. Avila , Abderrahmani Amar , Plaisance Valérie , Pawlowski Valérie , Boukherroub Rabah , Melinte Sorin , Szunerits Sabine
Published: February 2025

Expression of concern for ‘Electrothermal patches driving the transdermal delivery of insulin’ by Quentin Pagneux et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2020, 5, 663–670, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NH00576E.
A 2,6-diamidopyridine-based macrocyclic aromatic amide receptor with cascade ion pair recognition
Authors: Mao Xinguo , Zhang Rui , Sun Yulong , Wang Xuping , Li Qinggang , Zuilhof Han , Wang Leyong , Shi Qiang
Published: February 2025

Ion-pair receptors constitute an important class of synthetic receptors within the realm of host–guest and supramolecular chemistry.
The SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey extended source catalogue
Authors: Bordiu C. , Riggi S. , Bufano F. , Cavallaro F. , Cecconello T. , Camilo F. , Umana G. , Cotton W.D. , Thompson M.A. , Bietenholz M. , Goedhart S. , Anderson L.D. , Buemi C.S. , Chibueze J.O. , Ingallinera A. , Leto P. , Loru S. , Mutale M. , Rigby A. , Trigilio C. , Williams G.M.
Published: February 2025

We present a catalogue of extended radio sources from the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS). Compiled from 56 survey tiles and covering approximately 500 deg^2 across the first, third, and fourth Galactic quadrants, the catalogue includes 16534 extended and diffuse sources with areas larger than 5 synthesised beams. Of them, 3891 (24% of the total) are confidently associated with known Galactic radio-emitting objects in the literature, such as regions, supernova remnants, planetary nebulae, luminous blue variables, and Wolf-Rayet stars. A significant fraction of the remaining sources, 5462 (33%), are candidate extragalactic sources, while 7181 (43%) remain unclassified. Isolated radio filaments are excluded from the catalogue. The diversity of extended sources underscores MeerKAT's contribution to the completeness of censuses of Galactic radio emitters, and its potential for new scientific discoveries. For the catalogued sources, we derived basic positional and morphological parameters, as well as flux density estimates, using standard aperture photometry. This paper describes the methods followed to generate the catalogue from the original SMGPS tiles, detailing the source extraction, characterisation, and crossmatching procedures. Additionally, we analyse the statistical properties of the catalogued populations.
CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing model with JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec, and NIRCam
Authors: Rihtaršič G. , Bradač M. , Desprez G. , Harshan A. , Noirot G. , Estrada-Carpenter V. , Martis N.S. , Abraham R.G. , Asada Y. , Brammer G. , Iyer K.G. , Matharu J. , Mowla L. , Muzzin A. , Sarrouh G.T.E. , Sawicki M. , Strait V. , Willott C.J. , Gledhill R. , Markov V. , Tripodi R.
Published: February 2025

Strong gravitational lensing in galaxy clusters has become an essential tool in astrophysics, as it allows one to directly probe the dark matter distribution and study magnified background sources. The precision and reliability of strong lensing models rely heavily on the number and quality of multiple images of background sources with spectroscopic redshifts. We present an updated strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of multiple images with spectroscopic redshifts in a galaxy cluster field to date. Furthermore, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of JWST, particularly its NIRISS camera, for strong lensing studies. We used JWST's NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec and NIRISS spectroscopy from the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). The cluster mass model was constrained using Lenstool software. Our new dataset, which we used for constraining the lens model, comprises 303 secure multiple images with spectroscopic redshifts from 111 background sources and includes 95 systems with previously known MUSE redshift and 16 systems (with 46 multiple images) for which we obtained spectroscopic redshift for the first time using NIRISS and NIRSpec spectroscopy. Three of the spectroscopic systems were not identified by previous JWST studies. The total number of secure spectroscopic systems is more than $ 20 %$ higher than in the previous strong lensing studies of this cluster. The derived strong lensing model can reproduce multiple images with the root-mean-square distance of ∼ 0 52. We also provide a full catalogue with 415 multiple images, including less reliable candidates. In total, we provide 15 new multiple-image system candidates (with 38 multiple images) not reported in previous studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of JWST, particularly NIRISS, for obtaining spectroscopic redshifts of multiple images. As NIRISS F115W, F150W, and F200W grism spectroscopy captures at least two of the and lines at $1 z 3$ (a redshift range particularly relevant for strong lensing studies) without target pre-selection, it complements MUSE and NIRSpec observations extremely well.
Physically motivated analytic model of energy efficiency for extreme-ultraviolet-driven atmospheric escape of close-in exoplanets
Authors: Mitani H. , Nakatani R. , Kuiper R.
Published: February 2025

Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) driven atmospheric escape is a key process in the atmospheric evolution of close-in exoplanets. In many evolutionary models, an energy-limited mass-loss rate with a constant efficiency (typically ∼10%) is assumed for calculating the mass-loss rate. However, hydrodynamic simulations have demonstrated that this efficiency depends on various stellar and planetary parameters. Comprehending the underlying physics of the efficiency is essential for understanding planetary atmospheric evolution and recent observations of the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. We introduce relevant temperatures and timescales derived from physical principles to elucidate the mass-loss process. Our analytical mass-loss model is based on phenomenology and consistent across a range of planetary parameters. We compared our mass-loss efficiency with that of radiation hydrodynamic simulations, finding that our model can predict efficiency in both energy-limited and recombination-limited regimes. We further applied our model to exoplanets observed with hydrogen absorption (Lyα and Hα). Our findings suggest that Lyα absorption is detectable in planets subjected to intermediate EUV flux; under these conditions, the escaping outflow is insufficient in low-EUV environments, while the photoionization timescale remains short in high EUV ranges. Conversely, Hα absorption is detectable under high-EUV-flux conditions, facilitated by the intense Lyα flux exciting hydrogen atoms. According to our model, the non-detection of neutral hydrogen can be explained by a low mass-loss rate and is not necessarily due to stellar wind confinement or the absence of a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere in many cases. This model can help identify future observational targets and explicates the unusual absorption detection/non-detection patterns observed in recent studies.
5G-Smart Diabetes: Building Health Care Big Data Clouds for Individualized Diabetes Diagnosis
Authors: Mudda Mallikarjun , M Ambika , Kumar G. Ganesh , Choubey Shruti Bhargava
Published: February 2025

Using existing 5G technology, this program will keep tabs on diabetic patients’ wellbeing while keeping costs down. A lot of people nowadays are coping with diabetes because they made poor lifestyle choices or because they were too stressed out at work. Sadly, most individuals don’t notice anything is wrong until they have symptoms or receive a medical diagnosis; by then, the illness has already advanced a long distance, and there’s no way to discover it early. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes will exist separately. While hospitalization is required for type 2 diabetes, we may monitor patients with type 1 diabetes and inform them or their doctors of their progress. Nearly 8.5% of the world’s population is diabetic, and 422 million people throughout the world suffer from diabetesrelated problems. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for around 90% of all occurrences, so keep that in mind [1]. As previously stated, this puts an even greater number of young individuals at risk for acquiring diabetes. Because diabetes affects health and the economy all across the world, there is an urgent need for better methods of preventing and treating the illness. A variety of factors, such as an unhealthy lifestyle, a vulnerable mental state, and high levels of stress from both work and society, can also contribute to the development of the illness. However, there are a number of problems with the present method of diabetes screening
Fetal health classification with predictive algorithm by using Ensemble Model
Authors: Devi V. Sowmya , Kancharakuntla Manoj Reddy , Paleti Goutam Nayudu , Madhunala Akash
Published: February 2025

Fetal health assessment is essential for ensuring the well-being of both the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Cardiotocography (CTG) is a widely used technique that monitors fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and uterine contractions, providing critical insights into fetal health. However, interpreting CTG data is often subjective and error-prone. This study suggests a new way to classify fetal health using machine learning and a CTG dataset anyone can access. The dataset has important features that doctors look at to check fetal health. These include long drops in heart rate unusual short-term changes how often the long-term pattern is off how spread out the data is, the middle value, the average long-term change, the most common value, and times when the heart rate speeds up. The study uses two strong machine learning methods XGBoost and LightGBM, to sort the data. It also tries combining these methods to get better results. Tests show that mixing the two methods works best getting over 93% accuracy in telling how healthy a fetus is. This shows that using XGBoost and LightGBM together makes good use of the chosen features leading to more accurate sorting. By bringing machine learning into fetal health checks, this study gives doctors a trustworthy tool to help them make quick accurate diagnoses. This can lead to better outcomes for pregnancies and lower the chance of problems
An overview of Image Dehazing Algorithms
Authors: Durvasula Umadhatri , Vadde Seetharama Rao , Tatavarthi Siva Maruthi Ganesh , B Vasundara , Kodukula Venkat Revanth , Chityala Kavya Sri
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a broad study of all the state-of-the-art algorithms that have been published in the realm of image dehazing using deep learning to de-haze synthetic and real-world images. We further proceed to evaluate all of these algorithms based on various parameters as taken from all the papers and the data that has been reported in those papers. This paper aims to compare all these algorithms and also to shed light on the limitations of all the algorithms that have been included in the scope of this study. The papers that have been included in the scope of this review range from the early 2000s to as recently as 2021. The methods in each paper vary from the usage of Generative Adversative Networks to Zero-shot imaging and using Convolutional Neural Networks to taking the traditional approach of using dark channel priors to improve the results obtained. We have tabulated the results that have been recorded in all the papers included in this study. The papers have been evaluated on the basis of common image parameters such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). At the end we look at the algorithms that perform the best in all these areas individually as well as the over-all best-performing algorithm.
Real-Time age, gender and emotion detection using YOLOv8
Authors: Devi V. Sowmya , Ramisetty Uday , Ramisetty Kamal , Thimmareddy Ashwanth
Published: February 2025

The identification of age, gender, and emotion in multiple objects in an image or video stream is a complex and yet important problem for many applications such as security, health care, and human computer interaction. The current paper proposes a real-time age, gender, and emotion detection system that incorporates deep learning algorithms, in particular, the YOLOv8 model. The system employs two separate YOLO models: one for the identification of the emotion of the given video and the second one for the identification of age and gender of the subject in the video. These models are incorporated into a single pipeline where the first stage involves face detection or objects of interest and the second stage classifies the detected age, gender and emotions using pre-trained models. In real time the system is able to detect objects and classify them as well since it processes video frames taken from the webcam. The effectiveness of the proposed system is measured in terms of accuracy, running time and its ability to perform under different lighting, poses, and ethnicity. The results prove that the proposed system can accurately identify age, gender, and emotion of multiple objects and can be applied to various fields. This work shows that one may integrate emotion recognition with age-gender detection for improving the VAI (Visual Artificial Intelligence) interpretability of videos and interactions.
Visa-Vanguard: An Nlp-Based, Aipowered Intelligent Chatbot for Streamlining International Student Support Services
Authors: Kumar M. Praneeth , Hadassah Bandela Sibmah , Lokesh Dheeravath
Published: February 2025

Navigation of immigrant and visa procedures stands as a heavy undertaking, particularly for global college students trying to understand the complicated necessities and procedures. The Visa Vanguard project is supposed to simplify the adventure in creating an sensible chatbot supplying customized real-time help via making use of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) to apprehend consumer queries even as also giving tailored support on immigration and visas. The improvement focused on building a rich knowledge base in current immigration rules and visa requirements using sophisticated NLP strategies to efficiently cope with queries. Machine learning in addition enhances the chatbot for providing customized guidelines based totally on unique person scenarios. Along with all of those technical features, smooth and intuitive interactions are developed from a person-friendly interface. This is a chatbot that sincerely makes an impact on how people gather get right of entry to to immigration records. For that reason, it is destined to aid users empowered with ready and timely assistance to reduce stress navigating migration pathways. Future plans include the addition of support across multiple languages, expanding its knowledge base to encompass all sorts of scenarios.
A Two-Dimensional Key Vector Based Fast and Lightweight Block Cipher for Constrained Devices
Authors: Kakarla Shirisha , Kakarla Geeta , Kumar S. Phani
Published: February 2025

Gathering sensitive patient information is vital in healthcare for providing the proper therapy. The collected data must also be shared with the relevant parties in order to keep the environment open and honest. There is still a significant risk of patient data leakage and misuse for unethical purposes, even with privacy protection mechanisms in place. As a result, we are suggesting a lightweight encryption solution for storing and sharing sensitive data with all parties involved. The data may be easily decrypted and retrieved by the stakeholders who also have the key. Compared to classical encryption approaches, the computing costs are reduced. To illustrate the regulating cryptographic operations, this article uses a 2D key bunch vector with 2048 binary bits. In lesser computer systems, the key length can be conveniently extended with relatively small changes to the computational outlays. In contexts with limited resources, the problem of creating an effective block cypher using the larger key is tackled.