bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficacy of Various Intracanal Irrigants with Ultrasonic Bypass System
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Barua Akash Narayan Dutta , Rana Kuldeep Singh , Singh Karn , Kumar Santosh , Saini Roseka
Published: February 2023

Background:

The long-term success of root canal therapy depends on the effective debridement and removal of smear layer and debris from the canal. Root canals with difficult anatomy and complex systems pose great challenge to achieve this. Mechanical therapy alone cannot achieve this goal, various intracanal chemicals also have their own limitations along with the difficulty in reaching the farfetched and difficult areas, and hence, introduction of ultrasonic bypass system has been a boon for the endodontic therapy.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to compare the various root canal medicaments along with ultrasonic bypass system in effectively cleaning the debris and smear layer from the various parts of the root canal system.

Materials and Methods:

Forty single-rooted anterior maxillary and mandibular human teeth were collected for this study, after disinfection, they were sectioned into three equal parts coronal, middle, and apical and these parts were later studies under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and scoring as per the scoring criteria set before the study was done and results were then compared statistically.

Results:

Group with both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaOCl with ultrasonic bypass system was the most effective one, when compared with sterile water, NaOCl + ultrasonic bypass system, EDTA + ultrasonic bypass system. NaOCl + ultrasonic bypass system was more effective as compared with the EDTA + ultrasonic bypass system.

Conclusion:

Ultrasonic bypass system is a useful tool for debris and smear layer removal from a root canal system, but its effectiveness increases when both EDTA and NaOCl are used along with it.
Impact of Covid Pandemic and Working Strategies on Private Practitioners
Authors: Yadav Ravi Shankar , Singh Pinky , Askari Mehdi , Sinha Sonal , Kumar Saurav , Mehta Vini
Published: February 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic is badly affecting more than 2 million population of 213 countries and has caused 1,952,976 deaths till January 12, 2020. India has also suffered a great loss in terms of economy and people. Furthermore, owing to the complete lockdown enforced in India, restricting humanitarian movement also affected day-to-day life of Indians with a huge impact.

Objectives:

The present clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on private practitioners. Furthermore, changes in their practice pattern were evaluated along with the perspective of their health, role, and response to the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

The study includes a total of 120 health-care professionals of either gender. The stress and mental health of the participants was assessed using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 in English format, also included the questions related to the demographic characteristics, use of technologies for providing virtual health care, changes in the working during the pandemic, and an opinion of their experiences during that period. The data collected were subjected to the analysis and were kept confidential and anonymous.

Results:

16.6% of participants preferred virtual consultation before the pandemic in contrast to 83.3% during the pandemic. The most preferred method remained the phone call by 15.8% (n = 19) patients. Depression was seen severely in 35% of study participants (n = 42) and 13.3% of participants extremely severe depression was seen (n = 16). Severe and extremely severe anxiety was noticed in 31.66% (=38) and 15% (18) study participants respectively, whereas severe and extremely severe stress was found in 30% (n = 36), and 12.5% (n = 15) private practitioners. The most common factor that can be considered responsible for compromised mental health in private practitioners was the possibility of infecting the society seen in 59.1% (n = 71) participants.

Conclusion:

During the pandemic breakout, private practitioners suffered a great challenge both financially and mentally, especially during the lockdown. Furthermore, a significant increase was seen in the virtual consultation methods during the pandemic breakout.
Alterations in Integumental Facial Dimensions after Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Toshi Toshi , Vashishtha Madhukar , Chaddha Amit , Galagali Shakeel Ahmed , Gopalakrishnan Dipti , Saini Ruchi , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Background:

It is documented that the facial profile changes, morphology changes, and continued facial growth in early adults and late adolescents.

Aims:

The present trial was aimed to quantitatively assess the changes in facial growth from adolescents to adults.

Materials and Methods:

In the present study, 16 facial distances (transverse) and craniocaudal facial distances were measured, and growth changes were assessed. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated.

Results:

Upper face width was statistically significantly increased in males than females from posttreatment to recall with the P < 0.0001. The decrease in outer canthus was seen in females as compared to males, which was statistically significant with the P < 0.0001. An increase in mouth width was seen in both males and females with higher in females.

Conclusion:

The present study showed an increase in facial dimensions in both genders with age where transverse changes were higher than the craniocaudal alterations.
Awareness of General Practitioners toward Hypertension Management
Authors: Rawat Ramakant , Ram Vidya Sagar , Kumar Granth , Varshney Amit , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Pankaj , Agrawal Navneet
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The silent killer, hypertension (HTN), is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In India, HTN has a major public health effect on cardiovascular health and health-care systems.

Aim:

The present study was aimed to evaluate the awareness of general practitioners (GPs) toward HTN management and also their approach toward management.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a questionnaire-based assessment study. A total of 100 GPs were included in the study as our study sample. All the participants were well informed about the study and after that those who were willing to participate were enrolled after obtaining a written informed consent.

Results:

The common presenting symptoms of hypertensive patients were predominantly morning headache (71%), dizziness (41%), palpitation (39%), and fatigability (29%). Majority (84%) practiced cuff placement method covering about 2/3rd of the arm at heart level. The preferred position while blood pressure (BP) examination of patient by majority of practitioners was while sitting (53%). The number of readings usually taken for measuring BP for each patient was as follows: one (3%), two (42%), and three (55)%.

Conclusion:

Although GPs in our study are well informed and up to date on certain aspects of HTN diagnosis and treatment, they may still lack an appropriate approach to HTN history taking, diagnosis, and treatment.
Analysis of an Herbal Ayurdantham Medicated Tooth liquid on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Shivkumar Ashwini Tumkur , Kalgeri Sowmya Halasabalu , Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Shashidar Harsha Raj Bassapa , Sheshadri Ramya
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dentin hypersensitivity is described as “short sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to various stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or disease.” Dentine hypersensitivity can be treated with various desensitizing agents, where oral rinse has a promising effect in delivering the therapeutic effect all over the tooth surface including interproximal areas, as they can flow and reach areas where toothpastes are not much effective, hence the occlusion of dentinal tubules using Ayurdhantam medicated an herbal mouthwash was evaluated.

Methodology:

Twenty such dentinal blocks were obtained; the surfaces of each dentin block were polished using a silicon carbide disc for 30 s to create a basic smear layer. The smear layer is finally detached by applying 17% EDTA solution onto the dentin blocks for 5 min to ensure the patency of the dentinal tubules, following which they were rinsed with distilled water. The specimens were placed into the Ayurdhantam solution (medicated) for 2 min every day for 7 days. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva during the study. The specimens were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the occlusion of dentinal tubules.

Results:

SEM images showed the partial occlusion of the tubules and a large amount of smear layer.

Conclusions:

Based on this in vitro experiment carried out, it is shown that Ayurdhantam-medicated mouthwash can be used for treating dentine hypersensitivity effectively.
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and 2% Chlorhexidine Combined with 0.5% Cetrimide against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm-Infected Dentin Model
Authors: Shreya  , Jain Gaurav , Srinkhala  , Singh Priyansha , Agarwal Kishan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Enterococcus faecalis is the most common and important microorganism found in infected root canals associated with persistent periapical periodontitis and failing endodontically treated tooth. Intracanal medicaments used after chemomechanical preparation of an infected root canal play a vital in eradication of this microorganism and pave the way for long-term success of endodontic therapy. Hence, the present in vitro study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole 400 mg + minocycline 100 mg + ciprofloxacin 500 mg), and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) combined with 0.5% cetrimide on eradication of E. faecalis biofilm.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty dentin specimens were taken and infected extraorally with E. faecalis to induce microbial colonization. The specimens were then divided into four groups of twenty each based on medicaments used and further subdivided into two subgroups based on assessment of live cells done either immediately after the elimination of the medicament or after 24-h incubation in brain–heart infusion (BHI) medium: Group I specimens were treated with Ca(OH)2, Group II with triple antibiotic paste, Group III with 2% CHX combined with 0.5% cetrimide, and Group IV with saline (control) for 7 days at 37°C. Assessment of live cells was done using confocal microscope.

Results:

2% CHX combined with 0.5% cetrimide (Group III) and triple antibiotic paste (Group II) showed a statistically significant result with high antimicrobial efficacy and lower percentage of live cells as compared to Ca(OH)2 (Group I). The mean percentage of live cells in Group I immediately after elimination of medicaments was 64.7%, in Group II was 1.52%, in Group III was 1.49%, and in Group IV was 83.4%. After 24 h of incubation in BHI medium, 2% CHX combined with 0.5% cetrimide (Group III) showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) result of 1.27% mean live cells as compared to 84.2% in Ca(OH)2 (Group I), 1.82% in triple antibiotic paste (Group II), and 94.2% in saline (Group IV control).

Conclusion:

2% CHX combined with 0.5% cetrimide exhibited maximum antimicrobial efficacy with least number of mean live cells followed by triple antibiotic paste as compared to Ca(OH)2. Based on these findings, 2% CHX combined with 0.5% cetrimide was most effective in eradicating E. faecalis from the extraorally infected dentine biofilm.
Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure of Dentistry
Authors: Arora Gurleen , Nawabi Shazia , Uppal Mudit , Javed Muhammad Qasim , Yakub Shaikh Shoeb , Shah Muhammad Umar
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Evaluation of the educational environment is an important element which can be used to improve our curriculum. The aims and objectives of this cross-sectional study were to identify the student's perception about educational environment in College of Dentistry, Mustaqbal University. As the educational environment has a significant impact on the learning and academic performance of the students, the present study will help us identify areas of improvement and refining the dental curriculum.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 students of year 4, 5, 6, and interns, both male and female, responded to the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) in the 1st month of the second semester, 2021. This scale measures the student's perceptions of the educational environment overall and for five domains: learning, teaching, academic self-perception, atmosphere, and social self-perception.

Results:

A total of 92 students responded and were generally positive about their learning environment, with a total DREEM score of 130.87 ± 32.73/200. The lowest score for Domain 5 (social self-perception) and the highest score for Domain 1 (student's perception of learning.) were noted.

Conclusion:

Students' perception of educational environment of College of Dentistry, Mustaqbal University, was more positive than negative. This study provided a valuable insight of how students perceive their course and identified several weak areas that need to be worked upon, hence helping in improvement of the curriculum.
Assessment of Nickel and Chromium Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with or without Fluoridated Tooth Paste
Authors: Pritam Amrita , Priyadarshini Arya , Hussain Kashif , Kumar Abhijit , Kumar Nikhil , Malakar Aniruddha
Published: February 2023

Background:

Release of metallic ions, especially nickel and chromium, present in orthodontic fixed appliance attachments such as brackets and archwires has been a basis of concern in current years. The present study was conducted to assess nickel and chromium level in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Group I was fixed orthodontic treatment group and was given nonfluoridated toothpaste and Group II was fixed orthodontic treatment group and was given fluoridated toothpaste. The assessment of salivary nickel and chromium levels was done using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results:

In group I, there were 6 male and 14 female and in group II 7 males and 13 females. The mean nickel level (ng/ml) before treatment in group I was 0.49 and in group II was 0.52, on 7th day was 0.52 and 0.54, on 30th day was 13.4 and 100.2, and on 6th month was 0.54 and 0.52 in Group I and II, respectively. The mean chromium level (ng/ml) before treatment in Group I was 0.48 and in Group II was 0.52, on 7th day was 0.52 and 0.53, on 30th day was 40.6 and 62.4 and on 6th month was 4.9 and 0.52 in Group I and II, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The release of metal ions such as nickel and chromium was more with fluoridated toothpaste as compared to nonfluoridated toothpaste in patients undergoing fixed orthodontics.
Analysis of Stress Distribution on the Bone around an Implant Placed in the Anterior Maxilla Using Three Different Abutment Angulations by Means of Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Shende Snehal , Jadhav Amit , Edake Dhairaysheel N. , Patil Amit Hemraj , Patil Hansraj , Agrawal Nitu
Published: February 2023

Aim:

the aim of the study was to study the effect of stress distribution on the bone around an implant using angled abutments by means of finite element analysis in the anterior maxillary region.

Materials and Methods:

A three-dimensional (3D) model of the of patient's maxilla of right central incisor: tooth, bone, crown, implant, and abutment system were used in this study. The models were designed for three situations with straight abutment, i.e. 0°, 15°, and 20° angled abutment. The load of 178N was applied on the cingulum area of the prosthesis at an angle of 130° in relationship with the long axis of the implant. After applying the static loads on each model, the stress generated in the bone and the implant was recorded. The results will be analyzed by analysis of variance test.

Results:

The cortical and cancellous on Mises stresses in 20° abutment model were found to be maximum as compared to 15° abutment followed by 0° abutment. The stress was concentrated in the implant-abutment joint area. The overall stresses in 20° abutment model were found to more than 15° abutment followed by 0° abutment. The magnitude of stresses increased as the angulations increased.

Conclusion:

From the conclusions of this study, the stress is more multiplied in angled abutments, hence care needs to be taken when restoring implants using angled abutments, especially in patients with heavy masticatory load or when planning for cantilevering of restorations in these angled implant restoration.
Efficacy of Glycolic Acid on Debris and Smear Removal as a Final Rinse Solution in Curved Canals
Authors: Venkataraman Karunakaran Jeyaraman , Boominathan Suresh Krishna , Nagappan Ragavendran , Abraham Chris Susan , Kaliyaperumal Anbarasi , Nachimuthu Jayaprakash , Premkumar Modachur Muruganathan
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This study aims to compare intraradicular smear layer removal efficacy of different concentrations of glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 10% citric acid (CA) as final rinses in the canals of curved mesial root of mandibular first molars using the specific irrigant protocols.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-eight mandibular first permanent molars with 15°–30° of curvature of the mesial roots were selected, standardized, mesiobuccal canal prepared using the rotary instrumentation. Sodium hypochlorite was used as initial rinse solution (8 ml). The samples were divided into control (n = 5) (I – Normal saline and II – 17% EDTA) and experimental groups (n = 8) (Groups III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the type of final rinse solution (5 ml) used, i.e. 2.5% GA, 5% GA, 10% GA, 17% GA, 37% GA, and 10% CA. Samples were split buccolingually, dehydrated, splutter coated, and examined under a scanning electron microscope.

Results:

Group IV presented the least amounts of smear among the GA experimental groups at the apical, middle, and coronal one-thirds of the root canal with a mean value of 2.6 ± 1.012, and on comparison with Group II, the results were comparable, and no significant difference found statistically (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of GA as final rinse solution for biomechanical preparation during endodontic therapy seems promising. Further evaluation in a clinical setting is recommended.
Frictional Forces Produced by Three Different Ligation Methods in Two Different Types of Brackets in 0.016 Nickel-Titanium Wire
Authors: Kanagasabapathy B. , Varadharaja M. M. , Saravanan R. , Kumar V. Vignesh , Mahalakshmi R. , Ninan Reshmi Leila , Vigneswari A. Srivel , Dwaragesh S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the frictional forces produced by three types of ligatures (conventional elastic ligatures, unconventional elastic ligatures, and tooth-colored ligature wire) on ceramic bracket and stainless steel brackets with 0.016 nickeltitanium (NiTi) archwire in the dry state.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty each stainless steel brackets and ceramic brackets (0.022 slot central incisor brackets) were mounted on the acrylic block. This assembly was mounted on the Instron machine with the crossheads moving upward at a speed of 10 mm/min in the upper jaw of the Instron machine, one acrylic block with hook and a straight length of 0.016 NiTi wire was attached to it. This wire was ligated to brackets with three different ligation methods. In each test, the brackets were moved a distance of 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm across the central space, and the load cell readings were recorded on the digital display. The difference between the readings is noted.

Results:

Stainless steel brackets with 0.016 NiTi archwire ligated with conventional, unconventional, and tooth-colored ligation with the movement of 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm shows that the tooth-colored ligation indicating least frictional force decay. Comparison of frictional forces (in newtons) between ceramic brackets and stainless steel brackets using 0.016 NiTi wire for a movement of 12 mm shows that stainless steel bracket with tooth-colored ligation produced least frictional force compared with ceramic bracket.

Conclusion:

Based on this study results, we can conclude that stainless steel brackets produce less frictional force compared to ceramic brackets. Similarly, tooth-colored ligatures can be preferred to reduce friction during leveling stage.
Study of Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries
Authors: Kalathil Leslie Sara Mathew , Mangalath Ummar , Roshni A , Aslam Sachin , Thomas Tom , Nair Rakesh B
Published: February 2023

Maxillofacial fractures are one of the common presentations in an emergency department. They are considered to be one of the significant and dominant conditions that requires treatment as the fractures can result in morbidity, mortality, psychological, functional disability, and facial mutilation. The incidence, patterns, and etiology of maxillofacial fractures vary from one country to another due to the geographical, cultural, social, and economic differences. The present study included 176 patients from January 2019 to September 2020 that aimed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures and to learn the etiology for the same.
Antibiotic Prescribing Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude of Dental Surgeons Practicing in the Urban Indian Population
Authors: Rela Rathi , Sejao Aarti Vidyasindhu , Singh Ankita , Singh Prabhat Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Gupta Shweta Kirti , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Background:

Studies have reported that dental procedures may serve as a portal of entry for bacteria into the blood circulation, commonly termed as bacteremia which may inhabitate the heart and joints subjected to repair and replacement by prosthesis and may lead to complications in immunocompromised patients. Dental procedure may play a pivotal role in the development of infective endocarditis and infection around the prosthetic joint. Antibiotic use is suggested for all dental procedures requiring gingival manipulation or of the periapical region of teeth or mucosal incision in these patients.

Objective:

The present study has been conducted to inspect the antibiotic prescribing practices of general dentists among 250 dental practitioners.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 250 dental surgeons practicing in the urban Indian population of various parts of the country. A validated questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary dental and medical team and was circulated on the subject of the basic knowledge and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis in susceptible patients. The data from the participants were collected, collated, and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The present study comprised 250 dental surgeons; 178 out of 250 were male, whereas 72 were female. Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines were followed by 169 practitioners (67.60%), whereas 81 (32.40%) dentists did not follow any guidelines. Out of 169, 67 followed the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines (39.64%), 58 followed American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines (34.30%), whereas 44 followed general physician's guidelines (26.03%). On screening the underlying conditions for which antibiotic cover was prescribed, it was shown that majority of the dental surgeons did the same for patients with cardiac valve repair or replacement (230; 92%), followed by infective endocarditis (212; 84.80%); organ transplant (212; 84.405); diabetes (189; 75.60%); prosthetic joint replacement (150; 60%); and congenital heart defect (110; 44%).

Conclusion:

Patients should then be trained to perform meticulous oral hygiene and advised to schedule regular dental checkups to maintain optimal dental health. Dentists should use antibiotic prophylaxis in only conditions associated with a valid scientific basis and should follow the standard protocols recommended by the American Dental Association, AHA, or AAOS.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Denture Cleansers on Surface Hardness of Permanent Silicone Denture Liners – An In vitro Study
Authors: Sameeh M. Abdul , Jyothsna M. K. , Nidhin R. , Manohar Prasanth , Sreedevi S. , Sasikumar T. P.
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the effect of three commercially available denture cleansers on surface hardness of two different silicone denture liners at various time intervals.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 cylindrical specimens of permanent silicone-based soft liners were prepared from a custom made metal mold with dimensions of 15 mm × 10 mm, of which 60 specimens were fabricated using Voco™ and the remaining 60 specimens with Molossil™ permanent denture liners. All specimens were divided into four major groups based on cleansing treatments, comprising 30 specimens each. And then, all cleansers dissolved in 250 mL water as recommended by the manufacturer. Specimens of the first group were cleansed daily by rinsing with water and second group with Periogard™ denture cleansing solution and third group with Secure™ denture cleansing solution and the fourth group with Polident™ denture cleansing solution. Specimens of all groups were tested on 1st week, 1st month, and 6th month time interval using a Shore A Durometer. Three readings were noted for each sample and the mean of those readings was taken.

Results:

Surface hardness of all the samples was significantly higher after a period of 6 months irrespective of the cleansing treatment. Statistically significant changes were observed between Polident™, Secure™, and Periogard™ denture cleanser groups over control with time. Minor changes were observed in surface hardness of Voco™ denture liners as compared to Molossil™ soft liners for all groups, as time progressed.

Conclusion:

Voco™ soft denture lining material can be performed significantly better than Mollosil™ soft denture lining material in all cleansing treatments and Polident™ denture cleanser has the least effect on surface hardness of soft liners than Periogard™ and Secure™ denture cleansing agents.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Brackets Bonded with self Etch Primer/Adhesive and Conventional Etch/Primer and Adhesive System
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debarshi , Sharma Kanchan , Sahu Rajalaxmi , Neha Komal , Kumari Archana , Rai Anurag
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The shear bond strength obtained with an acid primer might not be clinically reliable. The present study evaluated the use of a new self-etch primer as compared with the conventional bonding procedure. The findings indicated that the use of a self-etch primer to bond orthodontic brackets to the namel surface provided lower, but clinically accept-able, shear bond forces (mean, 7.1 ± 4.4 MPa). Hence, this study has been designed to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a self-etching primer system, and compare it with the conventional acid etching priming system.

Materials and Methods:

This study was designed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional acid etching- priming and a self-etching primer. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty noncarious, not subjected to any pretreatment chemical agents (e.g. hydrogen peroxide), no cracks caused by the presence of the extraction forceps, no caries and unrestored human maxillary 1st and 2nd premolars, freshly extracted for orthodontic treatment were collected and stored in distilled water before bonding. Separate molds of cold-cure acrylic were prepared and the extracted premolar teeth were embedded in the cold cure acrylic up to the cement enamel junction.

Results:

For the control group, the mean shear bond strength was 9.38 ± 6.02 MPa and for the experimental group, it is 6.91 ± 3.58 MPa. Group comparison using Chi-square test for the self-etching primer group adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores shows that more than half of the adhesive left over the tooth surface (score 3 and 4). For the conventional group, ARI scores show that there was no or slight amount of adhesive left over the tooth surface (score 5). The proportion of ARI score is significantly (P < 0.001) more in conventional (68.33%) as compared to self-etch primer (SEP) (28.33%). The proportion of ARI scores 4 and less is significantly more in SEP (71.67%) as compared to Conventional (6.67%) with P = 0.004 as per the Chi-square test.

Conclusion:

The bond strength of SEP is comparatively lesser than the conventional acid etching technique, but is definitely more or less to the required bond strength to resist masticatory forces. Majority of the studies conducted on self-etching primer are in vitro studies. Results of these cannot be extrapolated to the intraoral environment. Hence, further long-term clinical studies need to be carried out before actually recommending the use of self-etching primer in routine orthodontic bonding.
Comparative Evaluation of Genotoxicity in Tobacco Users versus Nontobacco Users
Authors: Thomas Arun Jacob , Nair Bindu J. , Oommen Sajna , Syamkumar V. , Raman Resmi K.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Many of the contents of cigarette smoke are genotoxic in nature, and consequently, cytogenetic injury seems to be a trustworthy biomarker for deciding the influence of exposure to chromosome damaging agents in smoke. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN assay) has been proven to be an effectual tool for the study of micronuclei (MN) that will help in estimating the genotoxicity in tobacco users alone which will further help in early cancer detection.

Objective:

The objective is to find out whether there is pronounced contrast in genotoxicity between tobacco users and nonusers by determining MN number in peripheral blood lymphocytes using CBMN assay.

Methodology:

MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes was estimated in 5 ml of fresh blood obtained from sixty individuals using tobacco either smoking, chewing, or combination of both and also from thirty individuals with no habit of tobacco use. All were in the age group of 20–40 years.

Results:

There was a significant increase in genotoxicity in tobacco users when compared to that of nontobacco users. A positive correlation was also obtained between smoking index and MN frequency in the study.

Conclusion:

Approximation of frequency of MN by CBMN assay can be used to evaluate the genotoxicity present in blood and helps in identifying tobacco users who are at a high risk for the presence of cancer even before the appearance of clinical changes.
Drug Repurposing for Tooth Regeneration
Authors: Divya TC , Muddappa Sapna Chandira , Singh Prabath , Rajan Rakesh R , Remya M , Sreehari Deepthy
Published: February 2023

Drug repurposing which identifies new therapeutic use(s) for drugs currently in use is a brand-new avenue of research interest worldwide. It circumvents the high-end monetary and time investment usually associated with contemporary drug discoveries. In the field of dentistry, recent studies in drug repurposing focuses in attaining dentin repair or reduction of bone resorption associated with apical periodontitis. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug has shown pro-osteogenic properties. Aspirin a known anti-inflammatory agent with anticoagulant action is found to modulate the differentiation of dental pulp cells. The significant role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in activating the Wnt/-beta cat signaling pathway of mesenchymal pulp stem cells may pave the way to the pharmacological treatment of dental caries in near future. It is to be noted here that further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted for the regular therapeutic use of these potential drugs in clinical dentistry.
Immediate Psychological Impact of Dental Students on COVID-19 Epidemic in India – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kandasamy Saravanan , John Reena Rachel , Jayaraman Arunkumar , Chinnakutti Suresh , Chandrasekar Manoj , Mallikarjunan DY
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia since after SARS over the past few decades. Within weeks of the initial outbreak the total number of cases and deaths exceeded those of SARS. Such mass Casualties often trigger waves of heightened fear and anxiety in many population.

Aim:

To assess the psychological impact and mental health status among the dental students studying in the Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, India.

Materials and Method:

A total of 21 psychological state questionnaires along with demographic aspects were distributed to 460 under graduate dental students from Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamilnadu. The Psychological state was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS).

Results:

404 questionnaires were taken for our study as they responded all questions. The results were calculated based on the responses obtained year wise, gender, Place of residence, Living with family, Steady family income and Acquaintance affected with covid and compared among the three psychological assessments Depression, Anxiety and stress. The results of the study were done using SPSS (V21.0IBM, Chicago) Software.

Conclusion:

We attempted to correlate the socio demographic datas with psychological status of the dental students' in our university using the DAS scale. This study focused on the need for treating the psychological impact of the society at this outbreak as the mental health is the most important to deal with.
Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Oral Health Care
Authors: Abuzenada Basem Mohammed , Pullishery Fawaz , Elnawawy Mohamed Samir Abdelmagid , Alshehri Samaher Abdullah , Alostath Rowayda Mohammed Basheer , Bakhubira Batool Mabrook , Amerdash Walaa Farhan
Published: February 2023

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) uses a holistic approach that finds natural solutions that help the immune system to fight off infection and diseases. In conventional medicine, the diseases are treated as a series of symptoms developed and not its actual cause or etiology, but CAM commonly targets the exact cause of the disorder thereby stimulating the body's healing process. This is based on an integrative literature review of methods and techniques used as complementary and alternative approaches for oral health care. A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Medicinal plants such as Medicago Sativa, Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera), and Trifolium Pratense (Red Clover) have excellent applications in treating gum disorders, prevent tooth decay, and have demonstrated good antifungal activity in the oral cavity. Homeopathic medicines such as Belladonna, Antimonium crudum, and Chamomilla have useful applications in relieving toothache. In Chinese medicine, various acupressure points (Acupuncture) have been used to relieve pain related to tooth, head-and-neck region, sinusitis, etc. Dental professionals can utilize these treatment modalities in their practice along with other conventional procedures as an integrative treatment approach to achieve better outcomes.
The Sealer Penetration into the Dentinal Tubules
Authors: Ch Thouseef , Shaik Izaz , Khan Mohammed Muzammil , Parvekar Prashik , Mirza Mubashir Baig , Mustafa Mohammed , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

A good endodontic sealer aids in a successful root canal treatment. Sealer in turn depends on the thorough irrigation technique and debris removal. Hence, in the present study, we intend to compare the sealer's dispersion into dentinal tubules of the different irrigation systems by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Methodology:

Seventy-six single-rooted, freshly removed human mandibular premolars were taken. They were separated into equal groups as conventional endodontic needle irrigation system, Endovacirrigation, Endoactivator irrigation, and manual dynamic agitation groups. Protaper rotary system was used and obturation was done with gutta-percha. The sealer used was AH Plus labeled with fluorescent dye (0.1% Rhodamine B isothcyanate). Transverse sections from the root apex at the levels of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm were scanned using CLSM. The sealer's penetration for the depth and the percentage were measured.

Results:

We observed that endovac irrigation system showed maximum percentage and depth of sealer's penetration compared to endoactivator, manual dynamic agitation, and conventional methods at 1, 3, and 5 mm levels from the apex.

Conclusion:

The irrigation systems significantly influence the penetration of the Sealer into root dentinal tubules. When penetration of sealer at different levels, compared to endoactivator, manual dynamic agitation, and conventional method, significant greater levels were attained with the EndoVac system.
Perceptions and Awareness of Dental Students Toward Oral Tissues
Authors: Dadhich Harsh , Ahire Manisha Sardar , Nagar Saurabh Rajesh , Nimma Vijayalaxmi
Published: February 2023

Background:

If oral mucosal lesions are detected early by the oral health practitioners, there will be a better prognosis for the lesions diagnosed. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the perceptions and awareness of dental students of the Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, toward oral tissues.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire was created to assess the perceptions and awareness of dental students towards oral tissues. This questionnaire had 25 questions with multiple choices. Options of these questions were based on 3-point and 5-point Likert scale. This questionnaire was converted into a Google Form and distributed among all the undergraduate students of the Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, along with a declaration form via electronic methods such as Gmail and WhatsApp, after explaining to them the aim and objectives of the study.

Results:

A total of n = 334 dental students responded, yielding a response rate of 66.8%. Most dental students agreed that it is important to focus on oral soft tissues apart from oral hard tissues. Most participants believed that it is the role of the dentist to perform the complete oral examination. Lack of training, confidence, time, etc., were seen as barriers to at least some degree by participants.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the awareness of oral soft tissues among dental students and the importance of its academic reinforcement. This would definitely help budding dentists to work more on oral cancer prevention and detection, which ultimately may lead to a decrease in the incidence of oral cancers.
Medical Treatment of Rhinitis in Pregnant Woman
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: February 2023

Rhinitis is a global problem and is described as the presence of at least one of the symptoms, such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction. Gestational rhinitis is a common clinical condition found during pregnancy. Medical management options for pregnant women with rhinitis need careful consideration. It is often challenging to differentiate the causes of rhinitis as it often influences the treatment. Conservative treatment is an important option for patients with pregnancy-induced rhinitis and preexisting allergic or nonallergic rhinitis. Awareness about pregnancy-induced rhinitis and its resolve after pregnancy can provide some relief. Few options, such as exercises, nasal douching or lavage, positioning, and nasal valve dilators, are safe in pregnancy with rhinitis due to any etiology. Intranasal corticosteroids have often safe with budesonide. Oral corticosteroids can be used in pregnant women with moderate-to-severe disease and should be avoided in the first trimester. Second-generation antihistamines, such as loratadine and cetirizine, are the most well-studied drugs, and are often considered safe. The role of immunotherapy requires further research to establish its effectiveness. Hence, the treatment of rhinitis during pregnancy is considered a complex task. This review article aims to discuss the current medical treatment options for rhinitis during pregnancy.
monarquía española a examen: del silencio consensuado de los medios a los enfoques de ataque y defensa en el caso de los escándalos de Juan Carlos I
Authors: Herrero-Jiménez Beatriz , Berganza Rosa , G´ómez Montero Eva Luisa
Published: February 2023

Introducción: los medios de comunicación utilizan diversos marcos interpretativos (enfoques, frames) a la hora de cubrir los escándalos políticos. En el presente trabajo se estudian dos de ellos -el de ataque y el de defensa- que reflejan de manera clara el posicionamiento político de los medios y su actitud hacia los casos de corrupción política. Metodología: este trabajo realiza un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de la cobertura otorgada por la prensa tradicional y digital española a los escándalos de corrupción ligados a la figura del rey emérito, Juan Carlos I. Se sigue para su análisis el marco teórico completo apuntado por Entman (1993 y 2012) desarrollado empíricamente por Maier et al. (2019). Resultados: los principales resultados muestran que la prensa española enmarcó de forma generalizada el escándalo del rey emérito, sobre todo presentando los hechos desde el enfoque de ataque aunque existen diferencias significativas dependiendo de la cabecera analizada. Discusión: los datos analizados corroboran otras investigaciones internacionales sobre escándalos políticos, aunque la prensa española parece ofrecer enfoques fragmentados más habitualmente que la prensa alemana estudiada por Maier et al. (2019). Conclusiones: finalmente encontramos que, en el caso estudiado, la prensa española, más la tradicional que la digital, sí ofrece un sesgo interpretativo y se polariza.
Existence and uniqueness theorems for functional equations
Authors: Glavosits Tamás , Karácsony Zsolt
Published: February 2023

In this paper we give simple extension and uniqueness theorems for restricted
additive and logarithmic functional equations.
Programa de Gestão de Desempenho no IF Goiano: análise do projeto-piloto
Authors: Bombonati de Souza Moraes Rodrigo , William Pena Kenny , Ayres Arantes de Paiva Isadora
Published: February 2023

O Programa de Gestão e Desempenho – PGD é uma ferramenta de gestão que substitui a assiduidade do servidor pelo controle de entregas de resultados que possam ser efetivamente mensuradas, modelo parecido com o teletrabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva. Assim, foram utilizados dados secundários de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado pelo Instituto Federal (IF) Goiano através da sua comissão de implantação do PGD, sendo que a participação foi voluntária e direcionada aos servidores aderentes ao PGD e às suas respectivas chefias. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma análise sobre o PGD nos dois primeiros meses do projeto-piloto, sob a ótica dos servidores aderentes ao PGD e suas respectivas chefias, como também conhecer as dificuldades e desafios e propor melhorias que possam subsidiar a decisão sobre a continuidade do PGD. Entre pontos positivos encontrados, destacam-se o aumento da produtividade e melhorias nas rotinas e na qualidade de vida do servidor aderente ao PGD. Entre as maiores dificuldades mencionadas, observou-se a elaboração do plano de trabalho e a definição de critérios para avaliação dos resultados pela chefia imediata. Este estudo pode contribuir para a discussão sobre a continuidade do PGD, oferecendo sugestões e perspectivas sobre benefícios, desafios e possibilidades.

Palavras-chave: PGD; home office; teletrabalho; IF Goiano; gestão de desempenho; produtividade.
Benjamin Piekut. Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem and George Henderson. Blind Joe Death’s America: John Fahey, the Blues, and Writing White Discontent (review)
Authors: Windleburn Maurice
Published: February 2023

In the last decade or so there has been an increase in musicological studies on the liminal space between art music and popular styles. A foremost scholar in this field (if it can be called that) is Benjamin Piekut, who wrote his first book, Experimentalism Otherwise: The New York Avant-Garde and its Limits (University of California Press, 2011) as a series of interrelated case studies. For his second book, Piekut focuses instead on a single band, Henry Cow, who sit neatly in the twilight zone between high and low art. Appropriately, this book is equally accessible to general readers and critically minded musicologists alike: its highly readable narrative avoids jargon and unnecessary citation. Divided into eight chapters (plus an introduction and afterword), Henry Cow traces the band’s story from its genesis in 1968 to its dissolution ten years later. […]
Noblewomen’s Devotional Song Practice in ‘Patiençe veinque tout’ (1647–1655), a German Manuscript from the Mid-seventeenth Century
Authors: Spracklan-Holl Hannah
Published: February 2023

"Devotional song in the German vernacular was a large repertory in the seventeenth century; as Robert Kendrick points out, the more than two thousand printed collections of these songs produced at this time attest to a relatively musically literate public that engaged with the repertoire. Most published devotional songs appeared in collections, usually consisting of a foreword or dedications, other poetry, and songs. The songs themselves often appeared without printed musical notation, indicating the use of contrafactum. Both men and women contributed to the German devotional song repertoire; however, there is a notable number of original song texts written by women. The 1703 publication Glauben-schallende und Himmel-steigende Herzens-Music, for example, contains 1,052 devotional songs, of which 211 have texts written by women. Women’s performance of devotional texts—whether by singing, recitation, or reading—was a practice that demonstrated their deep internalisation of the text itself whilst also providing a socially acceptable means of self-expression. This article focuses on a mid-seventeenth century manuscript songbook compiled by Duchess Sophie Elisabeth of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1613–1676). It suggests that at least three songs in the manuscript have poetry and/or music written by noblewomen other than the duchess, including Juliane of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst (1615–1691) and Maria Magdalena of Waldeck-Wildungen (1606–1671). This suggestion is based on two notable features of Sophie Elisabeth’s meticulous recording practices in ‘Patiençe veinque tout’ that are missing from the songs in question. First, the authorship of these three songs is ambiguous, whereas the text and music for all other songs in the source are either made clear by Sophie Elisabeth’s own annotations accompanying each song, or are easily traceable. Second, none of the three songs include the duchess’s monogram, a date of composition, nor any other note stating her authorship (one or more of these notations are included for the songs in ‘Patiençe veinque tout’ that are of her own creation). In investigating the provenance of these songs, this article highlights the fact that women’s original texts, which are often overlooked, form a sizeable and significant body of musical literature from the early modern period. The two complementary practices of writing and performance paint an intimate portrait of women’s confessional and personal identity and the role music played in forming this identity, while also reflecting broader cross-confessional trends towards spiritual interiority and personal piety in the seventeenth century."