bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Students Mathematical Problem Solving Skills Through HOTS-Based Questions at the Elementary School Level
Authors: Putri Febriyana Retno , Marmoah Sri , Supianto Supianto
Published: July 2024

Mathematical problem solving ability is related to higher order thinking skills (HOTS) which makes students tend to use logic rather than remembering or memorizing a formula, but in reality the problem solving ability of students is still low. The existence of these problems, the focus of this research is to describe the mathematical problem solving ability of students through HOTS-based questions. In accordance with the objectives of the research, the method used in the research is a literature study which helps in describing and explaining the data in narrative form. Literature study is used as a reference from previous similar research results and is useful as a theoretical basis for the problem being studied. The data collection technique used is by reviewing and analyzing from various sources of discourse such as books, articles, and journals with international and national levels related to mathematical problem solving skills and HOTS-based questions. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that using HOTS-based questions really helps students in growing and developing their problem solving skills both in understanding mathematical material and developing problem solving skills both in solving mathematical problems and problems around students.
Methods of Learning Arabic Language During the Pandemic Period Covid-19 in Indonesia: Literature Review Study
Authors: Fakhlipi Muhammad Rafeli , Farid Farid , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Aisyah Siti
Published: July 2024

Situasi pandemi penyakit virus corona (Covid)-19 menuntut guru untuk kreatif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang diterapkan di berbagai daerah selama pandemi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi literatur review. Review metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang digunakan di Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19 pada halaman pencarian Google Scholar dan GARUDA. Berdasarkan temuan, metode yang digunakan adalah metode online seperti menggunakan e-learning, media sosial, YouTube, tetapi juga metode seperti pemberian tugas. Kendala awal yang dihadapi terkait jaringan dan keterbatasan fasilitas, antara lain jaringan yang tidak stabil dan kesulitan dalam penyampaian materi melalui e-learning. Kendala kedua adalah bahasa Arab sulit dipelajari karena bukan bahasa ibu. Kendala ketiga adalah mengatasi kekurangan dalam metode yang digunakan. Metode yang digunakan dapat memenuhi proses belajar mengajar meskipun masih terdapat kekurangan yang memerlukan perbaikan.
Modelling photovoltaic modules with enhanced accuracy using particle swarm clustered optimization
Authors: El Marghichi Mouncef , Hilali Abdelilah , Loulijat Azeddine , Essounaini Abdelhak , Chellakhi Abdelkhalek
Published: July 2024

Accurately simulating and operating photovoltaic (PV) modules is vital for thoroughly analyzing their performance under different conditions. The main focus of this paper is to address the inherent nonlinearity in solar PV systems. To achieve this, the particle swarm clustered optimization (PSCO) is applied to extract parameters of solar modules, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of their behavior. PSCO aims to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of PV module analysis. For that, PSCO utilizes clusters within the particle population, enabling localized communication and information sharing. By doing so, it effectively facilitates efficient exploration and exploitation of diverse regions, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of PV modules under different conditions. Through this approach, PSCO maximizes the accuracy and effectiveness of parameter extraction, contributing to advancements in PV system analysis and performance evaluation. The effectiveness of PSCO is demonstrated in extracting parameters for the three-diode model (TDM) of the STP6-120/36 and Photowatt-PWP201 PV modules. PSCO surpasses state-of-the-art algorithms with significantly low root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.0145 A and 0.0019 A, showcasing its superior accuracy. Additionally, PSCO achieves the lowest power errors of 0.16054 W and 0.01484 W for the respective modules, emphasizing its excellent performance.
Laser scanner surveys on the Island of Capri. The contribution of a metrological approach to the understanding of ancient architecture
Authors: Caratelli Giovanni , Giorgi Cecilia
Published: July 2024

The CNR, within the “Masgaba” project, contributes to the archaeological mapping of Capri. This initiative involves survey activities, historical-architectural studies, and the creation of detailed graphic documentation integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Surveys employ advanced technologies, such as laser scanning and photogrammetry. The resultant 3D models contribute to site documentation and analysis. This study advocates the use of a methodological approach reliant on precise measurements and thorough planimetric surveys achieved through instrumental techniques to investigate and comprehend archaeological remnants with a high degree of certainty. By combining this with careful examination of walls and construction techniques, historical phases and space functions can be defined. The examination of three archaeological sites in Capri, Grotta dell’Arsenale, Villa of Gradola, and Villa of Damecuta, exemplifies this approach.
Archaeometry at synchrotrons: how to get the most out of ancient materials
Authors: Carlomagno Ilaria , Das Gangadhar , Aquilanti Giuliana
Published: July 2024

X-rays techniques are widely utilised in the field of archaeometry because of the numerous advantages they present. Using X-rays, structural and chemical details of specimens can be assessed while preserving artefacts integrity, with the additional benefit of requiring little or no sample preparation procedures. Synchrotron sources produce high-intensity, highly collimated beams whose energy can be easily tuned over broad ranges going from the IR to the X-rays. Their peculiarities include unbeatable spatial resolution, enhanced elemental selectivity, and extraordinary chemical sensitivity. In recent years, synchrotron beams have achieved a significant evolution thanks to several factors, such as advancements in source and optics design, acquisition of higher-level technical and scientific expertise, etc. This has ignited an increasing interest in synchrotron-based techniques which are expanding more and more, approaching always new frontiers. This work presents the main characteristics of synchrotrons and aims to help the unfamiliar readers in the non-trivial choice between laboratory and synchrotron sources for their scientific investigations.
Mortality, Analgesic Use, and Care Requirements After Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Honda Akira , Yamana Hayato , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Takasawa Eiji , Mieda Tokue , Tomomatsu Yusuke , Inomata Kazuhiro , Takakura Kenta , Tsukui Toshiki , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: July 2024

Background:

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in older adults cause considerable health and socioeconomic burdens due to worsening ability to perform activities of daily living. The long-term effects of VCFs on patient outcomes, particularly prolonged analgesic use and functional decline, remain unknown. The aims of this study were to examine long-term clinical outcomes and to determine the risk factors for persistent pain and functional disability after VCFs.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study evaluated mortality, duration of analgesic use, and changes in care requirements in older adults with VCFs using claims data from a suburban prefecture in the Greater Tokyo Area. Patients were included if they were ≥65 years of age and had been diagnosed with a VCF between June 2014 and February 2019, as determined on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes; we also used claims data that could determine whether the patients underwent imaging examinations. Patients who discontinued outpatient visits within 1 month after the VCF diagnosis were excluded.

Results:

We included 18,392 patients with VCFs and a mean age of 80 years. Seventy-six percent of patients were women, and the median follow-up period was 670 days. At the index VCF diagnosis, 3,631 patients (19.7%) were care-dependent. Overall, 968 patients (5.3%) died within 1 year. Among the 8,375 patients who received analgesics, 22% required analgesics for >4 months. Factors associated with prolonged analgesic use for >1 year were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16 to 1.65]) and VCFs in the thoracolumbar region (OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.50 to 2.55]) or lumbar region (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.23 to 2.04]) (the reference was the thoracic region). The care needs of 1,510 patients (8.2%) increased within 1 year. Patients with a preexisting care dependency had a 10 times higher risk of increased care need (30.2% [1,060 of 3,509]) than those who had been independent at the time of the index diagnosis (3.0% [450 of 14,761]) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Individuals with preexisting care dependency were more likely to experience functional decline following VCFs than those who were independent, which underscores the need for intensive and appropriate allocation of health-care resources to care-dependent patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Coupled Computational and Laboratory Investigations of Interface Interactions between Binary Polymers, Hydroxypropyl Guar, and Potassium Formate for Crosslinked Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Du Peng , Deng Yu , Wu Yue , He Jie
Published: July 2024

Guar gum is an economically and environmentally important material. However, reduced rheological properties of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) in saline conditions of potassium formate (PF) impeded its hydraulic fracturing (HF) applications. In this study, we coupled molecular dynamics simulation and bench experiments to design binary polymers that can be used to mitigate the reduced viscosity of the HPG-PF system and investigate the relevant physiochemical processes in the fluid. The modeling showed that binary polymer P(AM-AA) with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers had the highest ability to bind water molecules in the HPG-PF solution among four representative binary polymers. Multiple analyses showed that adding P(AM-AA) decreased the number of formate ions around the HPG molecules, bonded with the HPG molecule through hydrogen bonds, and mitigated the coiling of the HPG molecular chain in PF solutions. Further experiments and characterization at the macro- and microscale showed that adding P(AM-AA) indeed improved the viscosity, microrheology, viscoelasticity, and thermal tolerance [>120°C (248°F)] of the HPG-PF solution (1.47 g/cm3) and its associated gel system. Our study indicates the potential application of HPG-PF-P(AM-AA) weighting crosslinked HF fluids (HFFs) for wells with stringent wellbore pressure constraints. It also highlights the significant role of binary polymers in enhancing rheological properties in gel-based crosslinked HFF and addressing complex fluid interface interactions through molecular dynamics simulations.
Burgeoning non-native species production hinders sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Oficialdegui Francisco , Soto Ismael , Balzani Paride , Cuthbert Ross , Haubrock Phillip , Kourantidou Melina , Manfrini Elena , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Kurtul Irmak , Macêdo Rafael , Musseau Camille , Roy Koushik , Kouba Antonín
Published: July 2024

Rising global food demands have led to unprecedented aquaculture growth. Aquaculture has simultaneously become a major global pathway for biological invasions. Non-native farmed species, while highly productive, can undermine sustainability agendas because of their environmental and socio-economic damages when they escape. We analyse global non-native production among farmed species and quantify monetary biological invasion costs. Globally, one third of the 544 species used in aquaculture have been farmed in their non-native range, totalling 539 million tonnes with an economic value of USD 1.1 trillion. Algae and fishes dominated non-native production, but non-native crustacean production grew fastest (>3000% since 2000, compared to the preceding 20 years). The 25 non-native farmed species with reported monetary costs have caused up to USD 10 billion costs globally. To address the rising threats of biological invasions triggered by aquaculture escapees, a paradigm shift by enhancing biosecurity and promoting sustainable use of native resources is needed.
What is the origin of conductivity in water-poor reverse micelles?
Authors: Zemb Thomas , Dourdain Sandrine , Lopian Tobias , Dufrêche Jean-Francois , Schmidt Robert Franz , Kunz Werner
Published: July 2024

Conductivity of water in oil microemulsions as well as reverse micelles of anionic surfactants depend on cations as charge transporters. We first use the versatile molecular system toluene/diethylhexylphosphate HxNa1−xDEHP/water to investigate the domains in the phase prism in which four molecular mechanisms of conductivity are identified. The reduced molar conductivity varies over six orders of magnitude. In the regime of “reverse micelles”, where all water in the organic phase is bound as first layer of hydration of head-groups, the dismutation mechanism, discovered by HF Eicke, dominates. In the w/o microemulsion region, we identify three more conductivity regimes occurring in different regions of the phase diagram. Beyond the dynamic and static percolation, we identify also a more elusive regime: the curvature frustration regime is characterized by a decrease in molar conductivity observed upon addition of water. This anti-percolation regime is due to curved film packing frustration that is at the origin of an increase of tortuosity. The HDEHP/toluene/water system is the first molecular system for which the four conductivity regimes can be easily observed at room temperature. We also identify the last three conductivity regimes in a microemulsion based on AOT. The single-phase inversion channel, studied as a function of temperature, is limited by Winsor II and Winsor I phase separation. In this domain, the three regimes that can be found are dynamic percolation, anti-percolation as well as static percolation. Therefore, we propose that all four different mechanisms are found in ternary w/o microemulsions containing cations as charge carriers.
The Differentiation of Proteome Analysis of Omental Adipose Tissue, Placenta and Skeletal Muscle in between Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cantürk Zeynep , Gezer Emre , Akpınar Gürler , Kasap Murat , Çakıroğlu Ahmet Yiğit
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate global changes in protein profiles within omental adipose (OAT), placental (PT), and smooth muscle tissues (SMT), with the aim of identifying potential triggering or affecting biomarkers in gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) by comparing them with the control group.
Methods
Three distinct tissue sources representing the two disease groups and the control group were collected and subjected to comparative proteomic analysis. This comprehensive approach was employed to elucidate the differentially regulated proteins among the groups. Western blot analysis was used to validate the observed changes at the protein level.
Results
A total of 23 proteins exhibited common alterations, and 18 proteins displayed inverse changes in OAT, PT, and SMT among pregnant women with either GDM or T1DM compared to the control group. Among these 18 differentially expressed proteins, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) and alpha-enolase (ENOA) differed from the others in that they were upregulated in GDM and downregulated in T1DM in the studied tissues compared with controls. Proteomic analyses highlighted alterations in the expression of CA1 protein, a shared feature across all groups.
Conclusion
Our study marks an inaugural attempt to distinguish proteomic profile changes across diverse tissues in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and T1DM when compared to healthy controls. The findings of this study could potentially elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of GDM, as well as the repercussions of impaired glucose metabolism resulting from both short- and long-term hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
The effect of the surgical mask on functional exercise capacity in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Altunalan Turgay , Sancakdar Burhan
Published: July 2024

The current study focused on children with cerebral palsy (CP) and aimed to evaluate the effects of using a surgical mask during submaximal exercise on functional exercise capacity and physiological responses. This single-center observational study enrolled 20 children with CP (12 boys and eight girls) between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Participants performed 6-minute walk tests (6-MWT) with and without a surgical mask on different days. We recorded walking distance, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate before and immediately after the end of the 6-MWT with and without the mask. The mean walking distance was significantly (p=0.013, Cohen’s-d=0.345) shorter with the surgical mask, 254.77±77.83 and 293.57±81.27 without a mask. There were no significant differences in O2 saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate after the 6-MWT with or without a mask. Using a surgical mask significantly reduced the walking distance by up to 13% in children with CP, with no significant changes in physiological responses.
Clinical Trial Number: We did not apply for the clinical trial number. If it is mandatory, we can apply retrospectively.
Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from childhood diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Saleh Mahamat , ZANGUE RASPAIL FOUNOU , Founou Luria Leslie , Tchouangeu Flaurant Thibau , Dimani Brice Davy , Nkengkana Omer Aurelle , Mafo Lethicia Danaëlle , Chelo David , Fonkoua Marie Christine , Boum-II Yap , Gonsu Hortense , Noubom Michel , Ndombo Paul Olivier Koki , Gatsing Donatien
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogenic E. coli is a global public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. It contributes to increase hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality, and economic costs because of treatment failures. This study aims at determining the resistance and virulence profiles of ESBL-E. coli among childhood diarrhoea during the cholera outbreak in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Materials and Methods: During a four-month period from March 1st to June 30th, 2023, stool samples were collected from 90 under five children presenting clinical signs of gastroenteritis and attending four hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Bacterial identification was done using API20E and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. After extraction, genomic DNA was subjected to conventional and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi infoTM (7.2.5.0). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05.
Results: Out of 150 patients contacted, 90 patients were enrolled, 84 samples were collected, 52.38%(44/84) and 3.57%(03/84) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli respectively. The risk factors were analyzed, and children who drank natural fruit juice (OR: 0.4, p-value: 0.03) were found to be significantly associated with ESBL-Ec. The ESBL-Ec isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, colistin, and tetracycline. The blaCTX-M was more prevalent ß-lactamase resistance gene. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also detected. The most important virulence genes detected were FimH (81.81%) and papA (79.54%).
Conclusion: These findings suggest implementing routine surveillance and screening for antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies (ASP) need to be implemented to curb the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-Ec. In addition, a national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented at local and regional levels in order to reduce morbidity in Cameroon.
Molecular differentiation between complete and incomplete responders to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Chong Zechen , Huang Fengyuan , McLeod M. , Irwin Regina , Smithson Mary , Yue Zongliang , Gao Min , Hardiman Karin
Published: July 2024

Background
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, but only 20–40% of patients completely respond to this treatment.
Methods
To define the molecular features that are associated with response to nCRT, we generated and collected genomic and transcriptomic data from 712 cancers prior to treatment from our own data and from publicly available data.
Results
We found that patients with a complete response have decreased risk of both local recurrence and future metastasis. We identified multiple differences in DNA mutations and transcripts between complete and incomplete responders. Complete responder tumors have a higher tumor mutation burden and more significant co-occurring mutations than the incomplete responder tumors. In addition, mutations in DNA repair genes (across multiple mechanisms of repair) were enriched in complete responders and they also had lower expression of these genes indicating that defective DNA repair is associated with complete response to nCRT. Using logistic regression, we identified three significant predictors of complete response: tumor size, mutations within specific network genes, and the existence of three or more specific co-occurrent mutations. In incompletely responder tumors, abnormal cell-cell interaction and increased cancer associated fibroblasts were associated with recurrence. Additionally, gene expression analysis identified a subset of immune hot tumors with worse outcomes and upregulated of immune checkpoint proteins.
Conclusions
Overall, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular features associated with response to nCRT and the molecular differences in non-responder tumors that later reoccur. This knowledge may provide critical insight for the development of precision therapy for rectal cancer.
Combined effects of Wind Speed and Greenspace Layouts on Particulate Matter Pollution: A Multiscale Study in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area
Authors: Wu Zheyuan , Shang Yaqing , Cao Yang , He Dan , Zhao Hengkang , Lei Yakai
Published: July 2024

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution is separately influenced by urban greenspaces and meteorological conditions. However, the mediating role of wind environment and the combined effect of greenspace pattern layouts and wind on PM pollution remains unclear. This study, conducted in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area (ZMA), which includes nine cities, utilized high-resolution satellite imagery, PM concentration data, and wind speed monitoring data from 2021. We investigated the combined effects of greenspace layouts and wind speed on PM2.5 and PM10 pollution, as well as their scale effects, by constructing Structural Equation Models (SEMs). The results demonstrated that wind speed mediated the impact of greenspace layouts on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations across various scales. Greenspace layouts and wind speed exhibited more substantial combined effects on PM10 in comparison to PM2.5. The combined effects of greenspace layouts and wind speed on PM2.5 and PM10, in addition to the mediating effects of wind speed, varied significantly across scales. Accounting for the influence of urban wind speed, reducing the percentage of large greenspace patches at the 3-5km scales can significantly diminish PM10 pollution. Simplifying the morphology of greenspace patches at the 1-3km scales, coupled with enhancing the interconnectivity of greenspace patches and the percentage of greenspace at the 2-4km scales, and minimizing the clustering of greenspace patches at the 3-4km scales, such measures can effectively mitigate PM pollution by influencing wind speed. Our findings can provide new insights of incorporating local wind environment into the development of multi-scale greenspace landscape optimization strategies aimed at mitigating PM pollution in ZMA.
Free Gingival Graft Shrinkage on Periosteal Bed and Denuded Alveolar Bone Recipient Site: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ganjehzadeh Shabnam , Shiezadeh Farid , Moeintaghavi Amir , Shooshtari Zahra
Published: July 2024

Objective
There are several techniques to increase keratinized tissue, and free gingival grafting (FGG) is one of the most predictable methods. One of the main disadvantages of this method is the significant tissue shrinkage of the graft, so it is desirable to find a method that is associated with less shrinkage. The purpose of the present study was to compare graft shrinkage rates and postoperative pain intensity following FGG augmentation on periosteal beds and denuded alveolar bone.
Methods & Materials: 22 FGGs with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 mm were placed in the area between the mandibular premolars. The recipient site for FGG was a periosteal bed in the control group and denuded alveolar bone in the experimental group. Dimensions of the grafts were recorded clinically by periodontal probe as well as taking photographs, and the pain were assessed with VAS scale, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The percentage of tissue shrinkage was calculated, and two 2 groups were compared.
Results
22 patients (7 males and 15 females) completed the study and of these, 10 patients were in the experimental group (denuded bone bed), and 12 patients were in the control group (periosteal bed). At all times, the percentage of shrinkage in length, width and area in the control group (periosteum) was higher than the test group (bone). The highest percentage of shrinkage in all 3 parameters occurred in the control group related to the time between baseline and 1st week. In the experimental group, the highest percentage of length changes occurred between baseline and the 1st week and the highest percentage of width and area changes occurred between weeks 1 and 2. Changes in length, width and area between baseline and the first week and between baseline and week 8 were significant between the two groups. The mean pain in the control group (periosteum) was higher than the experimental group and only in the first week this difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that epithelialized gingival graft placed on the denuded bone bed is associated with less tissue shrinkage as well as less pain and discomfort in the recipient area during 8 weeks of follow-up compared to FGG placement on the periosteal bed.
Improving dietary diversity and food security among low-income families during financial crisis using mHealth: Experience from two selected districts in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesinghe Millawage Supun Dilara , Karawita Upeksha Gayani , Nissanka Nissanka Achchi Kankanamalage Ayoma Iroshanee , Gunawardana Balangoda Muhamdiramlage Indika , Weerasinghe Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Prasad Chathuranga , Supun Yakupitiyage Asanka , Peiris Dilka Rashmi , Bandara Roshan Dela , Batuwanthudawe Ranjith
Published: July 2024

Background
The economic crisis in Sri Lanka worsened food insecurity, with millions facing moderate-to-severe food shortages. This study evaluates the effectiveness of cash transfers combined with mobile health education in enhancing dietary diversity and food security among Sri Lankan households during the crisis.
Methods
This quasi-experimental single-group pre-post study involved 1040 eligible individuals selected through stratified random sampling from eligible households of Samurdhi beneficiaries and smallholder farmers. The intervention included a cash transfer of LKR 22,500 and weekly nutrition awareness messages via WhatsApp and SMS complemented by a one-time awareness session. Dietary diversity and food security were assessed using standard validated tools.
Results
Food insecurity decreased significantly from 89.3% (n=681) in the pre-test to 76.9% (n=533) in the post-test, with a 12.4% reduction (95% CI, 8.57 to 16.24, p < 0.05). The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women improved from 44.5% to 67.8% (23.3% increase (95% CI, 15.89 to 30.63; p < 0.05). The mean NCD-Protect and GDR scores increased significantly, whereas the NCD-risk scores remained unchanged.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that cash transfers combined with mobile phone-based nutritional education significantly improved dietary diversity and food security among low-income families in Sri Lanka during the financial crisis.
Identification Cure Hub Genes of Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma : A study based on Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the Cure Defective Models
Authors: Ahmadian Maryam , Molavi Zahra , Baghestani Ahmad Reza , Maboudi Ali Akbar
Published: July 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent and aggressive tumor of the urinary system with limited treatment success and poor patient outcomes. However, some patients exhibit long-term symptom relief and are considered 'cured' after successful treatment. This study explores the genetic and pathway mechanisms underlying RCC cure for the first time, utilizing a survival model called the 3-parameter defective Gompertz cure model. The study methodology involved two main steps: Firstly, employing Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) for gene network analysis, which identified six key modules associated with different aspects of cancer progression and survival. Hub genes, pivotal in cellular interactions, were pinpointed through network analysis. Secondly, the 3-parameter defective Gompertz model was utilized to identify therapeutic genes linked to successful treatment outcomes (CSRGs) in RCC. These genes were then compared with genes associated with patient survival (SRGs) using a cox model. The study found ten hub genes commonly identified by both the defective 3-parameter Gompertz and Cox models, with six genes (NCAPG, TTK, DLGAP5, TOP2A, BUB1B, and BUB1) showing strong predictive values. Moreover, six hub genes (TTK, KIF20A, DLGAP5, BUB1, AURKB, and CDC45) were highlighted by the defective Gompertz model as significantly impacting cure when expressed at high levels. Targeting these hub genes may hold promise for improving RCC treatment outcomes and prognosis prediction. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of RCC and underscores the potential of the defective 3-parameter Gompertz model in guiding targeted therapeutic approaches.
Effect of caffeine on extubation of newborns with mechanical ventilation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xinbao , Wang Ziwei , Tang Ze
Published: July 2024

Background: The effect of caffeine on airway extubation remains debatable. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of caffeine in facilitating the extubation of mechanically ventilated newborns.
Method: We performed an extensive search of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Weipu, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, and SinoMed from their inception to March 5th, 2024. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software.
Results: In the 411 studies, 8 RCTs met the screening criteria of this study. The results showed that a high dose of caffeine could significantly reduce the incidence of extubation failure compared to a low dose of caffeine (OR: 2.81, 95%CI: 2.06 to 3.83, P<0.001) in neonatal infants with mechanical ventilation. Additionally, compared with a low dose of caffeine, a high dose of caffeine significantly decreased the documented apnea (MD: -1.98, 95%CI: -2.44 to -1.51, P<0.001) and shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in neonatal infants (MD: -1.97, 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.26, P<0.001). However, the chance of tachycardia in high dose of caffeine was higher than that in low dose of caffeine treated neonate (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.32, P=0.010).There were no significant differences in the duration of NCPAP, the incidence of feed intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity between high and low dose caffeine treated neonates.
Conclusion: High dose of caffeine could decrease the incidence of extubation failure in neonates with mechanical ventilation. High dose caffeine treatment also reduced documented apnea and shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation, but was accompanied with a higher chance of tachycardia.
Registration: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024540741).
Drug administration errors among anaesthesia providers in South Africa: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Wyk Rene , Davids Ryan Alroy
Published: July 2024

Background Drug administration errors (DAEs) in anaesthesia are common, the aetiology multifactorial and though mostly inconsequential, some lead to substantial harm. The extend of DAEs remain poorly quantified and effective implementation of prevention strategies sparse.Method A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a peer-reviewed survey questionnaire, circulated to 2217 anaesthetists via a national communication platform. The aim was to determine the incidence, nature, contributing factors and reporting patterns of DAEs among anaesthesia providers in South Africa.Results Our cohort had a response rate was 18.9%, with 420 individuals populating the questionnaire. We found a 92.5% lifetime prevalence of a DAE and 89.2% for a near-miss. Incorrect route of administration, potentially resulting in serious harm, accounted for 8.2% (n = 23/N = 279) of these errors. DAEs mostly occurred in cases involving adult patients (80.5%, n = 243/N = 302), receiving a general anaesthetic (71.8%, n = 216/N = 301), where the drug-administrator prepared the drugs themselves (78.7%, n = 218/N = 277), during normal daytime hours (69.9%, n = 202/N = 289) with good lightning conditions (93.0%, n = 265/N = 285). 26% (n = 80/N = 305) of DAEs involved ampoule misidentification, whilst syringe identification error occurred in 51.6% (n = 150/N = 291) of cases. DAEs are often not reported (40.3%, n = 114/N = 283), with knowledge of correct reporting procedures lacking. 70.5% (n = 198/N = 281) of DAEs were never discussed with the patient.Conclusions DAEs in anaesthesia remain prevalent. Known error traps continue to drive these incidents. Implementation of system based preventative strategies are paramount to guard against human error. Efforts should be made to encourage scrupulous reporting and training of anaesthesia providers, with the aim of rendering them proficient and resilient to handle these events.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy group in reducing engagement in non-suicidal self-injury among borderline personality disorder patients: a time-series investigation
Authors: Kresznerits Szilvia , Zinner-Gérecz Ágnes , Miklósi Mónika , Szekeres Tamás , Perczel-Forintos Dóra
Published: July 2024

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients often encounter healthcare system challenges, including stigma and long waitlists, necessitating brief, tailored interventions to reduce suicidal risk and core difficulties. Our study assessed the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (MBCT-NSSI) for BPD patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Using a non-randomized controlled time-series design, we evaluated participants' self-reported questionnaires at three points. Out of 158 applicants, N = 50 outpatients completed the training. Baseline assessments showed significant emotional dysregulation, elevated depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, dissociative experiences, and frequent self-harming behavior. Dissociation and impulsivity correlated moderately with NSSI, while non-judgement, non-reactivity, and acting with awareness mindfulness facets showed strong associations with clinical scales. Following MBCT-NSSI, significant reductions in NSSI frequency and improvements in mindfulness skills, self-esteem, self-compassion, depression, and impulsivity were observed, though cognitive emotion regulation strategies did not significantly improve. This study reveals some interconnections between NSSI and psychological factors among BPD patients, and the potential benefits of MBCT-NSSI training. While the training is not a replacement for comprehensive therapy, this focused intervention can have a great impact in reducing suicide risk and preventing deterioration.
Robust Modeling for Continuous Bounded Spatial Data
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Khaledi Majid Jafari , Sohrabi Hormoz , Najafi Esmaeil
Published: July 2024

This paper develops two parametric median-based spatial regression models for geostatistical data defined on a bounded support. Specifically, these models resemble spatial generalized linear mixed models (SGLMMs), wherein the response variable is modeled using Kumaraswamy and Johnson-t distributions. The proposed models are more robust than the usual spatial beta regression model against the presence of asymmetries and extreme observations. A fully Bayesian analysis is employed to make inferences using the Metropolis-Hastings-within-Gibbs (MHG) sampling algorithm. Simulation studies and two applications to real-life mathematical Olympics data from Brazil and forest canopy cover data from the Zagros forests in Iran demonstrate that our proposals significantly outperform competitors in terms of predictive accuracy and precision of estimates.
Association of number of days with severe anemia in the first week with 28-Day mortality in patients with sepsis: propensity score-based analyses
Authors: Zeng Qinjing , Zhang Lei , Wu Yongxing , Tang Yonggan , Ma Hongye , liu Yu
Published: July 2024

Anemia is a common occurrence during sepsis. However, the relationship between anemia duration and short-term effects on mortality in patients with sepsis remains unclear. This study examined the association between number of days with severe anemia in the first week and 28-day mortality rate among patients with sepsis. This retrospective cohort study used the clinical data extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2. A total of 1335 patients with sepsis were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis increased with each additional day of severe anemia (hemoglobin level < 8 g/dl) in the first week of intensive care unit admission with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.05; 1.2], P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients who experienced severe anemia for at least three days had a higher 28-day mortality rate than those with less severe anemia below three days (OR: 1.59, 95% CI [1.19; 2.11], P = 0.002). After employing various propensity score matching methods, we consistently observed a similar association. The adjusted ORs in propensity score matching, inverse probability of treatment weighting, standardized mortality ratio weighting, pairwise algorithmic, and overlap weight were 1.49 (95% CI, 1.08 ~ 2.07, P = 0.016), 1.65 (95% CI, 1.28 ~ 2.12, P < 0.001), 1.49 (95% CI, 1.16 ~ 1.93, P = 0.002), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.07 ~ 2.04, P = 0.018), and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.01 ~ 2.17, P = 0.044) respectively. Thus, this study suggests that a longer duration of severe anemia in the first week may be linked to increased 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.
Modified Sclerobanding Procedure for Treating Grade II/III Hemorrhoid Disease: clinical efficacy and safety evaluation—a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Jun , Yang Mian , Yu Jiazi
Published: July 2024

Sclerobanding (SB) combines Rubber Band Ligation (RBL) with 3% Polidocanol Foam Sclerotherapy (PFS) for treating hemorrhoidal disease (HD). This study evaluated a modified SB (mSB) procedure's efficacy and safety for Grade II/III HD. We enrolled patients with Grade II/III HD who received RBL treatments from Jan-Dec 2021 and mSB treatments from Jan 2022-Feb 2023 at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital. Primary outcomes included treatment failure rate and delayed bleeding (DB) incidence. Secondary outcomes reviewed postoperative complications like pain, swelling, anal edema, and bleeding grade variation. Long-term follow-up assessed HD Symptom Score (HDSS), Short Health Scale for HD (SHSHD), and Patient Satisfaction (PS). Among 307 patients, 162 received mSB and 125 had traditional RBL. Baseline characteristics were similar, except for anticoagulant history and hospital stay length (P < 0.05). The mSB group had no delayed major bleeding, unlike 5 cases in the RBL group. Recurrence (6.8% vs. 17.0%) and treatment failure rates (6.8% vs. 18.6%) were lower in the mSB group (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were similar, but the mSB group showed better bleeding improvement by the 7th day (P < 0.05). One-year follow-up indicated no significant differences in HDSS, SHSHD, and PS. The mSB procedure reduces ligation sessions, lowers DB risk, and decreases treatment failure without increasing postoperative complications.
Rare extraocular scleral buckle infections caused by microbial species: a case series
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wang Yu , Cao Yang , Wang Yong , Liang Tao , Zhang Xinran , Gou Yanhao , Lv Hongbin
Published: July 2024

Scleral buckling surgery is often used to repair noncomplex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, postoperative scleral explant infections can cause damage to the eye. This report describes two cases of rare ocular microbial infections after scleral buckling surgery. Two male patients with a history of retinal detachment repair and scleral buckling for more than 10 years presented with redness and purulent secretions of the eye. Scleral buckle infections were diagnosed, and the buckles were removed. The first patient experienced a coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and filamentous fungi. Acinetobacter junii was found in the conjunctival sac secretions of the second patient. The postoperative course included antibiotic therapy. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of scleral explant infections are important. Scleral buckle removal at an appropriate time and cleaning of the infection site during the perioperative period are critical to effective treatment.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: SAADI Hajar , ATMANI El Houssine , FAZOUAN Nejma
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles doped with 3% aluminum (Al) for photovoltaic applications. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique and subsequently calcined at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the nanoparticle size increased with higher calcination temperatures. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence and homogeneous distribution of Zn, O, and Al within the samples. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the presence of ZnO across all samples. Furthermore, the optical properties of the doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited temperature dependent variations in absorbance, reflectance, and transmittance within the UV and Visible-IR spectra. The observed optical gap energies correlated with the calcination temperatures, suggesting a relationship between temperature, gap energy, and nanoparticle size. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of 3% Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles, emphasizing the significant influence of calcination temperature on their structural, morphological, and optical properties, which can be tailored for enhanced photovoltaic applications.
Mixed-Precision Pre-Pivoting Strategy for the LU Factorization
Authors: Sahraneshinsamani Nima , Catalán Sandra , Herrero José R.
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the efficient application of half-precision floating-point (FP16) arithmetic on GPUs for boosting LU decompositions in double (FP64) precision. Addressing the motivation to enhance computational efficiency, we introduce two novel algorithms: Pre-Pivoted LU (PRP) and Mixed-precision Panel Factorization (MPF). Deployed in both hybrid CPU-GPU setups and native GPU-only configurations, PRP identifies pivot lists through LU decomposition computed in reduced precision and subsequently reorders matrix rows in FP64 precision before executing LU decomposition without pivoting. Two variants of PRP, namely hPRP and xPRP, are introduced, differing in their computation of pivot lists in full half-precision or mixed half-single precision. The MPF Algorithm generates FP64 LU factorization while internally utilizing hPRP for panel factorization, showcasing accuracy on par with standard DGETRF but with superior speed. The study further explores auxiliary functions required for the native mode implementation of PRP variants and MPF.
Production Performance Comparative Study of Four Different Photovoltaic Technologies in Oued-Nechou region, Ghardaïa Province, Algeria
Authors: Bouramdane Abderraouf , Louazene Mohammed Lakhdar , Benmir Abdelkader
Published: July 2024

Photovoltaic technology is a cornerstone of sustainable energy solutions, and understanding its operational efficiency is crucial. A recent study was conducted at a 1.1 MWp photovoltaic power plant in Ouad-Nechou, Ghardaïa city. The study compared four solar sub-fields, each tilted at 30°, using various photovoltaic technologies: thin-film (a-Si, CdTe) and crystalline silicon (mc-Si, pc-Si). Each 100 kWp sub-field was evaluated over four consecutive days to assess efficiency and effectiveness under uniform meteorological conditions. The amorphous silicon (a-Si) subfield was the most productive during the four measured days, reaching its peak spring production capacity of 99.98 kW on May 1st. Year-long performance evaluations of a-Si, CdTe, mc-Si, and pc-Si showed that the CdTe subfield exhibited the lowest output on September 29th, with 99.17 kW, while the a-Si subfield maintained higher production levels. The average power output was analyzed on January 1st, May 1st, July 1st, and October 1st, revealing that the amorphous technology outperformed the other technologies with a total production capacity of 47.03 kW. Additionally, the study included augmentation percentages to evaluate the performance of photovoltaic technology subfields. Accurate solar radiation data at a 30° tilt angle was analyzed using a rooftop radiometric station, with results favoring the accuracy of the PERRIN DE BRICHAMBAUT model over others, supported by statistical tests. This research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of different photovoltaic technologies, highlighting the superior performance of amorphous silicon under varied seasonal meteorological conditions.