bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a steepest-descent control solution for Multi-Input Multi-Output swept sine testing in a
virtual shaker environment
Authors: Musella U , Waimer S , Peeters B , Marulo F , Guillaume P
Published: July 2019

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) sine sweep is nowadays acknowledged to be one of the best excitation techniques for the modal testing of large aerospace structures, being an optimal solution in the tradeoff between high-quality FRFs testing time. Due to the test levels that can be reached during the sine sweeps and the increasing complexity and cost of the test articles, monitoring the recordings of multiple transducers translates in the actual need of guaranteeing that the responses are controlled on-line to a (safe) reference level. The development of a dedicated MIMO control strategy is very challenging, especially as a consequence of the transient behavior of the sweeps. This work proposes to investigate a solution for the on-line control of a MIMO continuous swept sine test combining the harmonic estimator with a steepest descent feedback control, typically adopted for the cancellation of tonal disturbances. The controller is developed in a virtual shaker testing environment, in order to tackle, already in the development stage, the effects that can be encountered during an actual test and that cannot be modeled with a linear system identification.
Blast Load Analysis and Simulation of Unreinforced Concrete Masonry
Authors: Tan Warren Antonio , Tingatinga Eric Augustus , Alvarez Victoria
Published: July 2019

This study presents an innovative blast analysis tool that can be used in assessing blast performance of concrete masonry walls. The analysis tool proposes a structural model of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, and a simplified procedure to generate load histories on structures subjected to blast loading. This study focuses on hollow concrete masonry units (CMU) walls. Three-dimensional masonry walls are modeled using discrete rigid bodies connected by nonlinear springs. Connections between two masonry blocks attached by mortar joint are modeled by treating adjoining springs as springs in series. The blast load histories are calculated using UFC 3-340-02. The proposed tool generates individual load-time histories for each discrete elements of a wall. The individual load-time histories, and the peak pressure distribution on a wall surface, are compared to experimental measurements to validate the blast-load-generating algorithm. The two modules (blast-load, and numerical model generator) are then used to simulate an actual experiment on URM wall for validation. For this study, experiments on URM wall arching is simulated. The proposed tool is able to approximate the wall response, particularly, the maximum positive and negative displacements. The good agreement proved the applicability of the proposed analysis tool to the analysis of URM walls.
Energy Harvesting from Two Coupled Beams with Piezoelectic Patches
Authors: Belmokhtar M , Ghandchi Tehrani M , Ture Savadkoohi A , Lamarque C-H
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the problem of energy harvesting from two coupled beams using piezoelectric patches. The energy harvester is subject to both harmonic and random excitation. The voltages across the piezoelectric patches are measured in real time in order to calculate the power. The coupling between the beams is an important factor for harvesting energy for a wider frequency band because new modes appear with this effect. This would result in widening the frequency bandwidth in which the energy can be harvested. Both numerical and analytical models are developed for the two coupled beams with two different lengths. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are derived and the harvested power is calculated for the random excitation. The resistance of the two piezoelectric patches is varied and the optimum resistance is derived. Experiments are carried out on two coupled beams to obtain the performance of the harvester to demonstrates the increase of the frequency bandwidth in which the energy can be harvested. It is shown that the harvester can collect energy at a wider frequency bandwidth compared to a single beam.
Wave dispersion curves in discrete lattices derived through asymptotic multi-scale method
Authors: Rallu Antoine , Boutin Claude , Hans Stéphane
Published: July 2019

This paper falls within the study of dispersion feature of elastic periodic media. In most cases, no analytic description is reachable and the problem is solved via numerical computations of the dispersion curves.We propose in this paper an analytic method dedicated to lattice systems that enables to reconstruct part by part the dispersion curves via an asymptotic multi-scale method. This method is illustrated on periodic reticulated beams. At low frequency, when there is a large scale separation between the length of the cell and the characteristic size of the vibrations, the classical homogenization method allows efficiently to establish the continuous equivalent dynamic description and the associated wave propagation properties. This scale separation is lost for frequencies of the order or higher than the diffraction frequency. However, instead of considering the amplitude of the mean displacement in a unit cell, the concept of scale separation can still be used by considering the amplitude of periodic eigenmodes defined on (multi-)cells. Thus, similar principles of asymptotic multi-scale method enables to describe the large scale modulations around the eigenfrequencies of the mono-and/or multi-cells period. Finally, the properties of the modulation are straightforwardly related to the dispersion curves at the considered frequencies.
Numerical investigation of the potential of tailored inclusions as noise reduction measures
Authors: Mittermeier F , Schauer J , Miksch M , Müller G
Published: July 2019

The reduction of noise and vibrations is an important task in automotive and aircraft industry. Various applications require slender or adjustable reduction measures. Metamaterials formed by a periodic assembly of unit cells consisting of non-homogeneous material decomposition and having topology dependent favorable absorption properties can meet this need. The absorption efficiency of different types of metamaterials has already been proven by various authors. Thereby metamaterials formed by a periodic assembly of tuned mass dampers on plate-like structures or porous layers with rigid inclusions have been investigated. Beyond that, we suggest to design metamaterials consisting of inclusions containing appropriately tuned mass dampers embedded in a material layer and to examine their noise reduction potential. It is investigated, whether besides absorbing energy by exciting the damping device, the orientation of the tuned mass damper is active by purposefully deflecting waves inside the structure. The analysis is carried out applying the Wave Finite Element Method. Using the inverse approach of the Wave Finite Element Method, stop bands, i.e. frequencies for which no free wave propagation is observed, are detected. In a parameter study, the influence of the characteristics of the inclusion on the absorption behavior of the metamaterial is determined.
Parametric model order reduction for acoustic metamaterials based on local thickness variations
Authors: Aumann Q , Miksch M , Müller G
Published: July 2019

The use of lightweight materials is obligatory in the design of economic structures, but with decreasing mass, the vibro-acoustic properties of the structures become unfavorable. Acoustic metamaterials based on the concept of acoustic black holes (ABH) can improve the vibrational behavior by adding local thickness variations to the host structure. To make computational models of metamaterials also valid for high frequencies, a fine discretization has to be used. This leads to high computation times. A parametric model order reduction (PMOR) approach is presented, which is able to create an efficient reduced model of ABHs. In the first step, one structure preserving reduced model for each parameter is generated using the iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA). The transfer functions of all reduced models are used in the second step to create a single parametric model using the Loewner framework. The resulting model can be used to efficiently evaluate the frequency response of a structure equipped with ABHs for different parameter sets.
Geometrically nonlinear forced vibrations of fully clamped multi-span beams carrying multiple masses and resting on a finite number of simple supports
Authors: Fakhreddine H , Adri A , Chajdi M , Rifai S , Benamar R
Published: July 2019

Geometrically nonlinear forced vibrations of fully clamped multi-span beams resting on multiple simple supports and carrying multiple masses may be encountered in many mechanical and civil engineering applications. The theoretical model developed here is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the Von Karman geometrical non-linearity assumptions. Harmonic motion is assumed and the nonlinear beam transverse displacement function is expanded as a series of the linear modes, determined by solving first the linear problem. The discretised expressions for the beam total strain and kinetic energies are then derived, and by applying Hamilton’s principle, the problem is reduced to a nonlinear algebraic system solved using an approximate method (the so-called second formulation). The basic function contribution coefficients to the structure non-linear response function and the corresponding backbone curves giving the non-linear amplitude-frequency dependence is determined. Numerical results are given in the neighbourhood of the predominant nonlinear mode shape, based on the single mode approach, for a wide range of vibration amplitudes, showing the effect of the added masses and their locations, as well as the applied uniformly distributed harmonic force on its non-linear dynamic response.
Geometrically non-linear forced vibrations of fully clamped functionally graded beams with multi-cracks
resting on intermediate simple supports
Authors: Chajdi M , Fakhreddine H , Adri A , bikri K El , Benamar R
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work is to investigate the non-linear forced dynamic response at large vibration amplitudes of fully clamped functionally graded beams containing a multiple open edge cracks and resting on intermediate simple supports. The theoretical model is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the crack rotational spring model. The functionally graded beam properties are supposed to vary continuously through the beam thickness. A homogenization procedure based on the neutral surface approach taking into account the presence of the crack is developed to reduce the problem examined to that of an equivalent isotropic homogeneous multi-cracked beam. In the non-linear analysis, harmonic motion is assumed and the discretized expressions for the beam total strain and kinetic energies are derived by applying Hamilton’s Principle, so as to reduce the problem to a non-linear algebraic system solved using an approximate explicit method previously applied to various non-linear structural vibration problems. Considering the forced vibration case, the non-linear frequency response functions are obtained numerically in the neighbourhood of the predominant non-linear mode shape using a single mode approach. The effects of crack, the beam material gradient and the applied harmonic force are presented and discussed.
Using the Finite Product Method for solving eigenvalue problems formulated in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Ledet L S , Sorokin S V
Published: July 2019

Analysis of free/forced wave propagation in multi-layered structures and structures under heavy fluid loading constitute classical problems of fluid-structure interaction. These waveguides and many similar ones support infinitely many waves and in some cases e.g. at high-frequency excitations or in near-field analysis it is necessary to account for a large number of them. Finding the dispersion curves from these transcendental dispersion relations is not a trivial task due to their ill-conditioned/unstable nature as well as numerical algorithms ability to solve transcendental equations. These issues can, however, be circumvented by using the Finite Product Method (FPM). The FPM is generic and has been used to solve dispersion equations of homogeneous waveguides derived in Cartesian coordinates with sine/cosine functions. However, it is yet to be formulated in cylindrical coordinates when Bessel functions are involved in dispersion equations. We focus in this paper on extending the method to the cylindrical problems and compound waveguides illustrated here by a fluid-filled cylindrical shell. The great advantage of the FPM is that it reduces the transcendental dispersion equation to a polynomial one easily solved by numerical algorithms but more importantly it delivers only authentic roots of the dispersion equation i.e. no spurious roots as often encountered when using Taylor approximations etc.
A hysteretic absorber to mitigate vibrations of rail noise barriers
Authors: Basili M , Casini P , Morelli L , Vestroni F
Published: July 2019

Noise barriers for high-speed train lines are subject to strong vibrations due to fluid pressure generated by moving trains. The barriers, generally made of steel cantilever beams, suffer fatigue. For their safety, it is necessary to adopt more resistant solutions or reduce their vibration, as is applied in this study. Following the fundamental work by Den Hartog on viscoelastic tuned mass dampers, later contributions on vibration mitigation have shown a variety of phenomena exhibited by a primary structure connected to a nonlinear light attachment. Vibration reduction of the structure has been observed for selected characteristics of the attachment. Here, the use of a hysteretic absorber is exploited. The device, made of light mass on rubber elements, has the advantage of directly representing the elastic and damping elements. The Bouc-Wen model describes the absorber behavior and its parameters are determined by the experimental results. Due to the dependence of the nonlinear system response on the oscillation amplitude, an optimal tuning is adjusted. The system is calibrated to behave around the 1:1 internal resonance condition. Numerical and experimental results show that the absorber effectively reduces the amplitude and the number of vibration cycles.
A review on the current trends on computational modelling of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Shadlou M , Kashani M M
Published: July 2019

A review of methods applicable to the study of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames (MIRCF), consisting both traditional and advanced solutions, and located in seismic zones is presented in this research. Firstly, this research presents a brief discussion about the main challenges on modelling the RC frames, masonry infills and interaction between them for structures located in seismic zones. Then, simplified and sophisticated approaches, which are actually used or developed for modelling both RC frames and masonry infills recently, are discussed. The main available strategies including simplified methods, and sophisticated finite element solution are considered with regard to their realism, computer efficiency, data availability and real applicability to large structures.
Dynamic Behavior of Variable Cross-Section Offshore Wind Turbine with Flexible Foundation Using Finite Element Method
Authors: El Absawy Mostafa A. , Elnaggar Zakaria , Ibrahim Hesham H.
Published: July 2019

A Finite Element model for variable cross section offshore wind turbine with flexible foundation is developed to accurately determine the fundamental frequency of the tower-nacelle system. The tower is modeled using two-noded Euler beam element with two degrees of freedom, namely transverse displacement and rotation, and Hermite polynomial shape function. The governing equations are obtained using Euler-Lagrangian energy-based approach, including the effect of variable tower cross section and the nacelle mass. The soil-tower interaction is modeled by rotational and lateral springs at the lower end of the tower. Four offshore wind turbines were selected as case studies in terms of validation and comparison. The results of the current model, compared to those of an experimental, clearly show that it better simulates the dynamic behavior of the tower-nacelle system compared to those of the constant cross-section approximated models.
Semi Analytical Model for the Dynamic Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine with Flexible Foundation
Authors: El Absawy Mostafa A. , Elnaggar Zakaria , Ibrahim Hesham H.
Published: July 2019

A new semi analytical formulation is developed which models the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbine with variable cross section and flexible foundation. The wind turbine tower is modeled using Euler-Bernoulli beam model while the soil-tower interaction is modeled by rotational and lateral springs at the lower end of the tower. Recursive differential method is used to calculate natural frequencies which is found to be efficient in terms of accuracy as well as the computational cost. The predicted natural frequencies of the current proposed mathematical technique were validated and compared with those of two other analytical and experimental techniques, for four selected offshore wind turbines, and results were found to be in very good agreement. Furthermore, the results of the current model, which accurately models the variation of the cross section properties, were found to be in a better agreement with the experimental results compared to those of the constant cross-section approximation.
On the interest of a space-time regularization for reconstructing sparse excitation sources
Authors: Aucejo Mathieu , Smet Olivier De , Deü Jean-François
Published: July 2019

In time domain, force reconstruction problems are commonly solved from Tikhonov and LASSO regularizations. Practically, these approaches can lead to inaccurate reconstructions, if the sources to identify don’t share the same space-time characteristics or the corresponding force vector doesn’t exhibit the desired structure. To alleviate this potential drawback, we have recently introduced a multiplicative space-time regularization that allows exploiting one’s prior knowledge of the spatial distribution of the sources as well as their time history. In this contribution, the proposed regularization strategy is compared to the multiplicative Tikhonov and LASSO regularizations through an experimental application to point out the practical interest of exploiting simultaneously both spatial and temporal prior information in terms of quality and robustness of the reconstructed excitation sources.
An analytical model of transducer array arrangement for guided wave excitation and propagation on cylindrical structures
Authors: Niu X , Tee K F , Marques H R
Published: July 2019

Ultrasonic guided wave (GW) inspection is one of the non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques available for the engineering structures. Compared with other NDT techniques, guided waves can propagate a long distance with a relatively high sensitivity to defects in the structure. In order to increase the performance for pipe inspections to meet higher requirements under different conditions, the optimisation of piezoelectric transducer array design is still a need, as the technique is currently subject to a complex analysis due to wide number of guided wave modes generated. This can be done by optimising the transducer array design. In this paper, it is described an analytical mode of a set of piezoelectric transducer arrays upon torsional wave mode T(0,1) excitation in a tubular structure. The proposed analytical model for predicting signal propagation is validated by using finite element analysis in ABAQUS and three-dimensional laser vibrometer experiments for transducer array characterisations. The proposed analytical model works well and very fast for simulating transducer excitation and wave propagation along cylindrical structures. This will significantly reduce the complexity of guided wave analysis, enhancing effectively the structural health of structures and subsequently reducing the industry maintenance cost.
Normalisation of Paris agreement NDCs to enhance transparency and ambition
Authors: King Lewis C , van den Bergh Jeroen C J M
Published: July 2019

The Paris Agreement takes a bottom-up approach to tackling climate change with parties submitting pledges in the form of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Studies show that the sum of these national pledges falls short of meeting the agreement’s 2 °C target. To explore this discrepancy, we analyse individual pledges and classify them into four categories. By doing so, a lack of consistency and transparency is highlighted, which we correct for by performing a normalisation that makes pledges directly comparable. This involves calculating changes in emissions by 2030, using data for the most recent base year of 2015. We find that pledges framed in terms of absolute emission reductions against historical base years generally produce the greatest ambition, with average emission reductions of 16% by 2030. Pledges defined as GDP intensity targets perform the worst with average emission increases of 61% by 2030. We propose that a normalisation procedure of the type as we develop becomes part of the NDC process. It will allow to not only increase the transparency of pledges for policymakers and wider society, but also promote more effective NDCs upon revision as is foreseen to happen every 5 years under the ‘ratcheting mechanism’ of the agreement.
Evidence, ideology, and the policy of community management in Africa
Authors: Whaley Luke , MacAllister Donald John , Bonsor Helen , Mwathunga Evance , Banda Sembeyawo , Katusiime Felece , Tadesse Yehualaeshet , Cleaver Frances , MacDonald Alan
Published: July 2019

This study examines the performance of the policy of community management for rural groundwater supply in Africa. Across the continent, policies that promote community management have dominated the rural water supply sector for decades. As a result, hundreds of thousands of village-level committees have been formed to manage community boreholes equipped with handpumps. With a significant proportion of these handpumps non-functional at any one time, increasing effort is targeted toward understanding the interacting social and physical determinants of this ‘hidden crisis’. We conducted a survey of community management arrangements across six hundred sites in rural Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda, examining the extent to which management capacity is related to borehole functionality whilst accounting for a range of contextual variables. The capacity of water management arrangements (WMAs) was assessed according to four dimensions: finance system; affordable maintenance and repair; decision making, rules, and leadership; and external support. The survey reveals that 73.3% of WMAs have medium or high capacity. However, we found no strong relationship between the capacity of the WMA and the functionality of the borehole. Of the four management dimensions, affordable maintenance and repair was the best predictor of borehole functionality. However, the capacity of this dimension was seen to be the lowest overall, with 61.9% of sites weak or non-existent. Our results provide very limited support for the policy of community management, and we suggest that evidence alone has not accounted for its persistence over decades. After a short historical analysis, we conclude that explanation for the endurance of this model can be found in the nexus between evidence, ideology, and policy. We argue that it is this same nexus that will likely ensure the popularity of community management for some time to come, despite new ideas and evidence to the contrary.
Estimation of extreme daily precipitation thermodynamic scaling using gridded satellite precipitation products over tropical land
Authors: Roca Rémy
Published: July 2019

This study explores the tropical land distribution of precipitation and its extremes focusing on the daily 1° × 1° scale. A common period of 5-year over the tropical belt (30°s–30°n) corresponding to more than 39 million data points, is used to highlight the robust (and non-robust) observed features. A set of 10 observational products is analyzed ranging from satellite only to rain gauges only products and various blended intermediates as well as a sub ensemble of satellite-based products relying upon microwave observations. Overall, the various datasets show a small diversity of response as far as tropical land mean precipitation is concerned. When sorted by surface temperature, the spread in mean rainfall is also well below 10% over a large span of the surface temperature regime. The consistency between the surface temperature and the extreme precipitation is further investigated by computing the thermodynamic scaling of daily precipitation extreme with surface temperature. The wet days’ 99.9th and 99th percentiles are considered and corresponds to ‘extreme’ extremes (∼110 mm d−1) and ‘moderate’ extremes (∼60 mm d−1), respectively. The analysis reveals three regimes over the 287–305 K 2 m temperature range. In the cold regime, 287–293 K, extremes exhibit no dependence to surface temperature while in the warm regime, 299–305 K, the extremes decrease with temperature as identified in previous studies. Over the 293–299 K regime, the scaling of the sub ensemble of satellite products is ∼5.2 K/% for the ‘extremes’ extremes and 5.0% for the ‘moderate’ extremes, and is robust throughout the sub ensemble. This analysis fills the regional gap of previous conventional data based studies and further confirms the Clausius–Clapeyron theoretical expectation for the tropical land regions.
Biofouling on water intakes and fight against them
Authors: Kalinichenko M. Ya.
Published: July 2019

Relevance of the research is caused by high costs of maintenance for Dreissena removal from water inlets of a water intake system.

In this regard, the article is directed to the development of the technology and the technological scheme of biofouling prevention on water intakes.

The main approach to this problem research is the development of the technology and the technological scheme of biofouling prevention on water intakes.
Waste gas treatment technology against dust in vortex apparatuses with closed water circulation
Authors: Mahotkin A. F. , Mahotkin I. A. , Starkova A. V.
Published: July 2019

This article covers the development results and manufacturing application of high technology of water scrubbing for waste gases against dust for environmental management of finely broken stone of limestone wastes burning in rotary kilns. The followings are obtained under production conditions firstly: current sanitary standards for gas cleaning, comprehensive utilization of trapped slurry and closed water circulation.
Purification of water sources from oil contamination by hydrophobic carbonate sludge
Authors: Nikolaeva L.A. , Khamzina D.A.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents laboratory and experimental studies on the purification of surface water sources from oil contamination by sorption material on the basis of production waste. Energy waste is a slurry of chemical water treatment, which is formed during liming and coagulation at the stage of preliminary purification of natural water. Based on the sludge, the hydrophobic sorption material “MGSM” was developed. The following requirements are imposed on the sorption materials that allow, at low costs, the most effective cleaning of the water surface from petroleum products: hydrophobicity, oil capacity, buoyancy, ease of utilization from the water surface, efficient work in a different temperature range, resistance to water disruption, non-toxicity, optimal price. The material obtained has these requirements. The technical characteristics of the developed sorption material were determined: oil capacity, wetting contact angle, an express analysis of the quality of the aqueous extract of the hydrophobic sorbent developed for the acute lethal toxicity of fish of the Poecilliareticulata Pet. and crustaceans Daphniamagna Str. A technological scheme for utilization of oil-contaminated hydrophobic sorption material as a secondary energy resource in industrial enterprises is proposed, a calculation of the volume of air and combustion products during its combustion, calculation of harmful emissions, thermal calculation, and prevented environmental damage.
Technology of utilization of liquid wastes generated during the preparation of main oil pipelines to transport diesel fuel with produce cheap steam or warm heat carrier
Authors: Pavlov G.I. , Sitnikov O.R. , Khakimzyanova Y.I. , Otradnova V.A.
Published: July 2019

The existing technology of cleaning internal surfaces of oil pipelines from oil residues and solid sediments leads to the formation of a large volume of liquid hydrocarbons contaminated with mechanical particles and various resins. Currently, in the oil industry, mobile steam generator plants of PPU 1600/100 are used to steal sections of oil pipelines. The standard nozzle burner used in the PPU 1600/100 does not allow to burn effectively liquid waste similar to contaminated liquid hydrocarbons formed during the cleaning of the inner walls of the main oil pipelines. The article presents the results of operation of steam generator sets of PPU 1600/100 with a nozzle-free burner device VGU-1.
Influence of wheat husk modification on sorption properties of heavy metal ions
Authors: Politaeva N. , Smyatskaya Y. , Safonova E. , Barsukova N.
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on sorption properties of sorbents based on modified wheat husk. It presents kinetic characteristics and isotherms of sorbents sorption. We studied the influence of pH environment on the efficiency of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions.
On-line express-analyzer and method of water monitoring on the base of proton magnetic resonance
Authors: Kashaev R.S. , Kozelkov O.V.
Published: July 2019

Annotation

Described flow analyzer of water on the presence of impurities, based on proton magnetic resonance - PMRA. Presented common appearance and construction, mode of operation PMR-analyzer. Presented equations of received dependences for determination of salts and oil impurities in water. Proposed structure and technologic schemes for removal of impurities from water in the installation with rotating magnetic and nonuniform electric field with continual online control of water purity bu flow PMR-analyzer.
Using Redox potential in water quality assessment of energy facilities
Authors: Gordeeva M E , Kalayda M L
Published: July 2019

The question of natural water quality for a long time has wondered researchers and ordinary citizens. Cities expanded, population increases, it leads to a deterioration in natural waters by sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators. In this regard, this article concerns the question of the monitoring of physicochemical indicators and introduction the new indicator – Redox potential (Eh). Dynamics of Eh changes in the rivers of the Republic of Tatarstan and surrounding areas as well as natural and artificial water reservoirs, including basin-coolers of energy facilities are researched in this article. Conducted full-size data and experiments made it possible to establish the Eh sensitivity in relation to the pH. In the article has showed the possibility of introducing Eh indicator into the assessment of water quality on the assumption of further consideration and detail.
Creation of trout farms on the basis of power plant water cooler reservoirs
Authors: Kalayda M L , Dementiev D S
Published: July 2019

Increase of production of fish by traditional methods, based primarily on the extensive use of natural resources, has certain natural limitations.The limiting factors are land, water and the environment. Considering this fact, the perspective expansion of industrial farms, provided with superintensive technologies, is actual. The role of abiotic environmental factors in the life of fish is enormous. For example, the water temperature determines the intensity of metabolism and is a natural stimulus determining the begining of spawning migration of fish. Water temperature has a very important influence on the life of the organism, particularly on the metabolic processes, the behavior and dispersion of organisms. Water quality is one of the most important factors stimulating the development of water biotechnology. In this regard, we explored the physical and-chemical features of the Volga water from the viewpoint of the trout-breeding. The analysis revealed that the water does not fully meet the required water quality for trout ponds. Characteristics as pH, absence of hydrogen sulfide meet the requirements; such indicators as permanganate and bichromate oxidation, BPK5, ammonium ion, nitrates and nitrites, oxygen content are noted exceeding the standard values for trout farms. Power engineering and fish farming are connected closely – power plants contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for the cultivation of commercial fish, including valuable and fish-breeding complexes based on water coolers help to improve their environmental condition. At the same time in Russia in recent years, this industry is beginning to receive attention it deserves. The experience of Western countries shows a new direction of the industry development: in the previous period the favorable conditions for growing and breeding fish were created on the basis of the warm water for increasing production capacity of energy enterprises due to energy production and fish production, nowadays the power plants are built at fish-breeding enterprises in order to optimize costs and increase profitability of fish production.
Pasture and industrial aquaculture as actual elements of the use of hydro and heat power facilities
Authors: Kalayda M L , Khamitova M F , Kalayda A A
Published: July 2019

Aquaculture products provide about 58% of the total production of aquatic ecosystems. The global trend of population growth, increasing the press on the environment, the requirements for improving the quality of life and consuming products make the trend of growth in aquaculture products sustainable both in the world and in Russia. The role of abiotic environmental factors in the life of fish is enormous. Thus, the water temperature determines the intensity of metabolism and is a natural stimulus determining the onset of spawning migration of fish. The water temperature has a very important effect on the vital activity of the organism, in particular, on metabolic processes, on the behavior and distribution of organisms. Since the beginning of the 20th century, aquaculture has been closely linked to the development of energy. At the first stage - with hydropower, and then with thermal power. If the use of water reservoirs - hydropower facilities is based on extensive technologies that are related to pasture aquaculture, aquaculture farms - live fish farms - highly intensive industrial farms. These areas of aquaculture development coexist and complement each other. Modern pasture fish farming today is not possible without the release of valuable species of fish to form a species composition of ichthyocenoses. At the same time, the development of highly industrial commodity farms implies the use as a brood of individuals of valuable species of fish seized from the natural environment to improve the genetic characteristics of juveniles. At the present time, there is an increase in the range of fish grown due to the use of warm waste waters of energy facilities.
Features of the physicochemical water state of reservoirs of energy facilities
Authors: Kalayda M L , Gordeeva M E
Published: July 2019

In a time when increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, particularly on the water ecosystems, determine the water status of reservoirs (by physicochemical and biotic indicators) in order to highlight priorities at the field of water protection and management is the urgent question. In this case, the particular significance has lakes located within megalopolis and which is multiple-use objects. The article discusses in detail how to change temperature condition of basin-cooler of heating plant: vertical and horizontal. As a result of analysis of physicochemical indicators the water quality index is displayed. Index allows you to estimate the water quality by the rate of pollution through the use of perspective an integrated indicator-total antioxidant activity. Special attention is given to such physicochemical indicator as redox potential.
Biochemical effects of molecular hydrogen in aqueous systems
Authors: Lapin A A , Kalayda A A , Filippov S D , Zelenkov V N
Published: July 2019

Activated water - such water, in which the structural network of hydrogen bonds loosens, water molecules acquire additional degrees of freedom, which facilitates the assimilation of such activated water by the cells of living organisms and accelerates the removal of biological slags. The essence of water activation is the destruction of cluster structures to saturate water with monomolecules. The cluster of activated water contains 5-6 molecules (ordinary water 13-16 molecules). Such water is considered more active in terms of biophysical and biological indicators. Water, activated in any way, has a high fluidity (has a low surface tension) and a dissolving power. Water with micronized clusters has higher reactive properties, better penetrates through biological membranes, is quickly excreted from the body. Effectively replaces and supplements all kinds of cleansing food supplements and physiotherapeutic procedures. Used for complex purification of the body: neutralization and excretion of slags, toxins, carcinogens and radionuclides. The paper considers experimental data on the determination of the total antioxidant activity of water systems saturated with hydrogen using the coulometric method of analysis, with the water having the highest increase in activity up to 20 times. We studied the functional drink “Arkhyz + Antioxidant = Zhivitsa”, all the ingredients that make up it have a natural origin. Saturation of the drink with hydrogen leads to an insignificant increase in the total antioxidant activity (by 16.5% rel.). The presence of active organic compounds in water leads to a decrease in the effect of hydrogen on the total antioxidant activity, probably due to a change in the structure of its aggregates consisting of a different number of molecules.
Influence of IR radiation on the process of phytoremediation of copper by eichhornia
Authors: Politaeva N.A. , Olshanskaya L.N. , Ovchinnikov F.A. , Sverguzova S.V.
Published: July 2019

The effect of infrared irradiation on the process of higher water plants phytoremediation of heavy metal ions is in the focus of this study. The influence of various factors (initial concentration of the solution, duration of the irradiation) on the extraction of copper by eichhornia is discussed.
Application of fuzzy neural network for estimating the intensity of insulation aging of cable lines
Authors: Biryulin V.I. , Gorlov A.N. , Larin O.M. , Kudelina D.V.
Published: July 2019

The article considers the issues of forecasting the state of insulation of cable lines. It is shown that the insulation state is influenced by a large number of factors, some of which are indeterminate and can not be expressed in the quantitative form. It was proposed to use a fuzzy neural network for predicting the state of insulation, which ensures processing both quantitative and qualitative information, which makes it possible to obtain more valid results, in comparison with the use of only quantitative information.
Analysis of the change impact in the share of generation from HPPs in the structure of the unified power system energy balance to residential tariff
Authors: Novikova O V , Grushkin A N , Khrebtenko I S , Yudina N A
Published: July 2019

Annotation

The paper analyzes the structure of the energy balance of the Russian Federation for power systems, draws conclusions on the impact of HPPs in the structure of electricity generation on the price of electricity for ultimate customers. The influence of the construction of new hydropower stations on the development of waterways is considered.
Prospects for the rational use of the resource potential of the Russian hydropower engineering
Authors: Novikova O.V. , Kamenik L.L. , Furtatova A.S. , Denisova P.I. , Dunaeva T.Y.
Published: July 2019

The following aspects of development have been identified based on the introspective approach: conditions for the sustainable development of hydropower, hydropower and ecology, hydropower and scientific and technical development, development of the social environment and human capital. On this basis, the conditions and principles of sustainable long-term development of the industry are determined. The analysis made it possible to formulate recommendations on targeted long-term proposals for the development of the industry in the areas analyzed.
Determination of additional factors in assessing the reliability of heat supply systems
Authors: Akhmetova I G , Kalyutik A A , Fedukhin A V , Derevianko O V , Mukhametova L R
Published: July 2019

Annotation

As a result of the research, additional factors that significantly influenced the reliability of the consumers’ heat supply were assessed, an assessment of the influence of these factors on the reliability of the operation of the heat network was made. The influence of additional factors is taken into account when developing a new methodology and algorithm for calculating the reliability of consumers’ heat supply; a program for calculating the reliability of consumers’ heat supply was developed.
Experimental and numerical studies in elaboration the multi-cyclone with filter cells to processing of flue-gases of coal-fired and incineration power plants
Authors: Belyaeva G I , Ziganshin M G , Sukhov R D
Published: July 2019

Currently, in various industries for both sanitary and technological treatment of heterogeneous flows, as a rule, several devices are used that consistently provide the coarse and fine stages of gas clean up. For example, to prevent the penetration of mechanical (solid and liquid) impurities to the measurement instruments, regulation, control and automation at compressor stations of gas transmission systems the gas cleaning units are setup. They consist of two types of apparatus - cyclone dust collectors and filters. Similar gas cleaning devices are at booster compressor stations of TPPs. In this paper, we consider the effectiveness of using a multi-cyclone apparatus for such purposes, the elements of which combine both stages of cleanup. The problem of finding the optimal arrangement in the apparatus of cyclone elements with tangential inlet branch pipe is solved. A numerical model of the multi-cyclone is created and several variants of the arrangement of elements are considered. The most effective arrangement was determined taking into account the total hydraulic resistance of the apparatus and the trajectories of the motion of suspended particles.
Heat transfer in coiled type superheater of moisture separator-reheater of turbines at the nuclear power plant
Authors: Egorov Mikle , Kalyutik A.A. , Akhmetova I. G. , Makoev S.O.
Published: July 2019

The reheating part of the moisture separator-reheater (MSR) of nuclear power plant (NPP) steam turbine occupies a significant part of MSR volume and requires large consumption of metal. The superheating of low pressure steam provides by the high pressure steam condensation. This steam supplies partly from turbine inlet and partly from turbine stage bleeding because of two superheater stages. The significantly less heat transfer intensity at the single-phase side of reheater comparatively with condensation side requires intensification of heat transfer from the heated-steam. For such goal the different methods can be used: for instance the cross flow of the coiled tubes and finning of straight tubes bundles. Also is perspective the usage of artificial roughness in form of small “moons” and other types of artificial roughnesses.
Influence of the different oxidizers on the composition of sulfur products at bitumen gasification process
Authors: Ermolaev D.V.
Published: July 2019

In the article an influence of various oxidizers on the composition of sulfur products at bitumen gasification process are described. As an object of research the natural bitumen of Ashalchinskoe oil field of Tatarstan Republic (Russia) was chosen.
Analysis of the Stirling engine to identify the impact of various design parameters on the efficiency of its operation as part of an autonomous power complex based on renewable energy sources
Authors: Gaponenko A M , Kagramanova A A
Published: July 2019

The opportunity of application of Stirling engine with non-conventional and renewable sources of energy. The advantage of such use. It has been established that the four input parameters, the only parameter which can be easily changed during operation, and which effectively affects the operation of the engine is the phase difference. Dependence of work per cycle of the phase difference, called the phase characteristic, visually illustrates mode of operation of Stirling engine. The mathematical model of the cycle of Schmidt and the analysis of operation of Stirling engine in the approach of Schmidt with the aid of numerical analysis. To conduct numerical experiments designed program feature in the language MathLab. The results of numerical experiments are illustrated by graphical charts.
Dynamic packing for heat and mass exchange processes
Authors: Golovanchikov A.B. , Merentsov N.A. , Topilin M.V. , Persidskiy A.V.
Published: July 2019

Data of experimental study of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer of dynamic packing and some comparative characteristics of the packed device with packing, which have wide industrial application, are given in the article.
Increasing the energy efficiency of the cycle of heat treatment of aluminum ingots
Authors: Gorshenin A S , Rakhimova J I , Krasnova N P
Published: July 2019

Heat treatment of aluminum ingots is a fairly energy-intensive production. Therefore, increasing energy efficiency in such processes plays an important role in reducing economic costs. The mathematical model of heat exchange occurring in the cooling chamber of aluminum ingots after homogenization annealing is considered. The model obtained made it possible to study the heat transfer in the cooling chamber. To improve energy efficiency and reduce economic costs, options for recycling hot air from the cooling chamber are offered. The estimation of economic efficiency from use of each of variants carried out.
Reduction of the technological minimum by bypass method with environmental impact estimation on the example of energy blocks with T-100 and T-250/300-240 turbines
Authors: Kalyutik A.A. , Grigorieva D.V. , Fedyukhin A.V. , Derevianko O.V. , Akhmetova I. G.
Published: July 2019

The article describes existing methods of reducing the technological minimum with a quantitative assessment of reducing emissions of pollutants at the CHP using the method of bypass. With the help of specialized program complex the efficiency of the method has been analysed on the example of the power units at Yuzhnaya CHP-22 and CHP-21 JSC “TGC-1” with turbines T-250/300-240 and T-100-130. The article provides guidelines for the range of application of this method as well.
Selection of optimum inclination angle of a nozzle at circulatory heating of fuel oil in the RVS-3000 tank
Authors: Kamalov R.F. , Karaeva J.V. , Vildanov R.R.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the mathematical model and the numerical studies results of heat transfer and hydrodynamics at circulatory heating of the M100 fuel oil in the RVS-3000 tank. Calculations for various inclination angles of the nozzle in the range of 40° to -40° in increments of 10° were made. The winter storage period of fuel oil in the fuel tank is considered. Comparison of the tank heating time up to the hot storage temperature (60°C) and up to the fuel temperature before feeding to the nozzles for combustion (90°C) is performed.