bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH KUPANG DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Anton Anton
Published: March 2021

Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang adalah salah satu Perguruan Tinggi Islam yang terkenal dan terbesar yang berdiri sejak tahun 1987 di Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kehadiranya memberikan angin segar bagi umat muslim diwilayah tersebut, karena dapat memberikan kontribusi yang terbaik untuk pengembangan pendidikan Islam. Tidak hanya diminati oleh umat muslim saja akan tetapi yang lebih menarik adalah umat non-muslim lebih beranimo untuk masuk ke Perguruan Tinggi Islam tersebut. Padahal disekitar perguruan tersebut telah berdiri sejak lama, terbesar dan terkenal yaitu perguruan  tinggi yang bernaung langsung dibawah agama Katolik dan Protestan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep pengembangan serta peran Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang terhadap pengembangan pendidikan Islam.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa UniversitasMuhammadiyah Kupang didirikan bukan hanya untuk orang Muhammadiyah atau Islam tetapi yang lebih penting adalah untuk kaum dhuafah, orang miskin dan untuk umat semua umat di Nusa Tenggara Timur, yang menekankan konsep rahmatan lil aalamin dan konsep organisme yaitu merujuk pada al-qur’an dan hadits serta ijma dalam proses pengembangan Pendidikan Islam.
PROBLEMATIKA KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM ERA PLURALITAS AGAMA
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Hendra Hendra
Published: March 2021

Kurikulum pendidikan Islam memegang peran penting dalam mengajarkan orang yang beragama untuk menghargai orang yang menganut agama lain atau tidak mengajarkan untuk mengklaim agama tertentu sebagai pemilik kebenaran absolut. Dengan demikian, klaim minna dan minhum dengan sendirinya tidak akan terwariskan kepada peserta didik sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. Kurikulum pendidikan Islam, dalam hal ini materi PAI baik pada sekolah, madrasah maupun pesantren, hendaknya mencerminkan nilai-nilai pluralitas, sehingga konflik yang terjadi di berbagai belahan Indonesia, tidak menyudutkan peran pendidikan agama Islam.
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU TAFSIR
Authors: Idris Syarif
Published: March 2021

Al-Qur’an merupakan mukjizat terbesar Islam yang abadi sekaligus menjadi sumber ilmu yang tidak pernah bertentangan dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan manusia, namun semakin tampak validitas kemukjizatan. Allah swt menurunkannya kepada Nabi Muhammad saw, demi membebaskan manusia dari berbagai kegelapan hidup menuju cahaya Ilahi, dan membimbing mereka ke jalan yang lurus. Rasulullah saw menyampaikan kepada para sahabatnya sebagai penduduk asli Arab yang sudah tentu dapat memahami tabiat mereka. Para sahabat sangat bersemangat untuk mendapatkan pengajaran Al-Qur’an dari Rasulullah saw. Mereka ingin menghafal Al-Qur’an dan memahaminya. Selain itu Al-Qur’an telah menyatakan dirinya sebagai kitab petunjuk yang dapat menuntun manusia menuju ke jalan yang benar. Selain itu, ia juga berfungsi sebagai pemberi penjelasan terhadap segala sesuatu dan pembeda antara kebenaran dan kebatilan. Untuk mengungkap petunjuk dan penjelasan dari Al-Qur’an, telah dilakukan berbagai upaya oleh sejumlah pakar dan Ulama yang berkompeten untuk melakukan penafsiran terhadap Al-Qur’an, sejak masa awalnya hingga sekarang. Keindahan bahasa Al-Qur’an, kedalaman maknanya, serta keragaman temanya, membuat pesan yang terkandung tidak pernah berkurang, apa lagi habis, meskipun telah dikaji dari berbagai aspeknya. Keagungan dan keajaiban selalu muncul dengan perkembangan akal manusia dari masa ke masa. Kandungannya seakan tidak lekang disengat panas dan dan tidak lapuk diterpa hujan.  Karena itu, upaya menghadirkan pesan-pesan Al-Qur’an merupakan proses yang tidak pernah berakhir selama manusia hadir di muka bumi. Dari sinilah muncul sejumlah karya tafsir dalam berbagai corak dan metodeloginya seperti, tafsir Ibnu Abbas, At-Thabari, Ibnu Kasir, Asy Syaukani dan lain-lain.
SEJARAH DAN PEMIKIRAN KH. A. GANY MASYKUR DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PERSYARIKATAN MUHAMMADIYAH DI BIMA
Authors: Rafiuddin Rafiuddin , Abdussahid Abdussahid , Mahmudah Husnatul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mengungkapkan sejarah dan pemikiran KH.A Gany Masykur seorang tokoh Muhammadiyah di daerah Bima dalam mengembangkan persyerikatan Muhammadiyah. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengkaji bagaimana implementasi pemikiran KH. A. Gany Masykur dan persepsi para para kader Muhammadiyah di Bima. Penelitian ini dinilai penting untuk mengungkapkan kiprah KH. A. Gany Masykur dalam mengembangkan persyerikatan Muhammadiyah di Bima, mengingat beliau salah satu tokoh yang sangat berpengaruh di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sebagai seorang tokoh terkemuka, eksistensi KH.A. Gany Masykur di daerah Bima masih dianggap sebagai simbol dalam pengambilan keputusan terutama dalam bidang pendidikan keagamaan dan sosial kemasyarakatan. Hal ini menjadi landasan untuk mengungkapkan kiprah beliau sehingga dapat dijadikan rujukan pemikiran oleh para generasi selanjutnya terutama bagi para kader Muhammadiyah di daerah Bima. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa KH A.Gany Masykur memiliki andil yang sangat besar dalam mengembangkan Persyarikatan Muhamamdiyah di Bima. Perkenalan KH. A. Gany Masykur dengan Muhamamdiyah pada tahun 1937 melalui Ruma Bicara (Abdul Hamid) dari Kerajaan Bima. Sisi lain, pemikirannya telah menjadikan rujukan para kader dalam mengembangkan persyarikatan Muhammadiyah di daerah Bima.
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN PAI YANG INTEGRATIF: Antara Guru PAI, Orang Tua dan Masyarakat
Authors: Irwan Irwan
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran PAI pada lembaga pendidikan merupakan mata pelajaran yang tidak pernah dipisahkan dari kegiatan mengajarkan, mendidik, membina dan menanamkan atau memahamkan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam secara kaffah kepada peserta didik, agar mereka dapat mengamalkan ajaran-ajaran tersebut di dalam kehidupan mereka sehingga menjadi sebagai pribadi maupun kelompok yang taat kepada ajaran agama Islam. Pembelajaran PAI haruslah bersifat integratif yang artinya adanya sinergisitas atar Guru PAI, Peranan Orang Tua dan Masyarakat, agar apa yang menjadi tujuan pemeblajaran dapat tercapai dengan hasil yang maksimal. Dari beberapa syarat-syarat pendidik yang ideal diantaranya adalah sabar, sehat jasmani dan rohani, memiliki ilmu pengetahuan, bertaqwa kepada Allah SWT. Syarat-syarat pendidik yang mulia yang ada pada diri Rasulullah yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang pendidik yaitu sabar, memiliki ilmu pengetauan yang luas, sehat jasmani dan rohani, taat beribadah, agar seorang pendidik dalam proses pendidikan mencapai hasil yang maksimal yaitu terciptan Masanya kepribadian muslim yang bertaqwa kepada Allah SWT.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PENGELOLAAN KELAS
Authors: Anton Anton , Usman Usman
Published: March 2021

Peningkatan mutu pendidikan akan tercapai apabila proses belajar mengajar yang diselenggarakan di kelas benar-benar efektif dan berguna untuk mencapai kemampuan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan yang diharapkan. Karenapadadasarnya proses belajar mengajar merupakan inti dari proses pendidikan secara keseluruhan, di antaranya guru merupakan salah satufaktor yang penting dalam menentukan berhasilnya proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Oleh karena itu guru dituntut untuk meningkatkan peran dan kompetensinya. Guru yang kompeten akan lebih mampu menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang efektif dan akan lebih mampumengelola kelasnya sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik berada pada tingkat yang optimal. Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar terdapat dua hal yang turut menentukan berhasil tidaknya suatu proses belajar mengajar, yaitu pengelolaan kelas dan pengajaran itu sendiri. Kedua hal itu saling tergantung. Keberhasilan pengajaran, dalam arti tercapainya tujuan-tujuan intruksional sangat bergantung pada kemampuan mengelola kelas. Kelas yang baik dapat menciptakan situasi yang memungkinkan siswa belajar sehingga merupakan titik awal keberhasilan pengajaran.
Inoceramid bivalve and dinoflagellate cyst integrated biostratigraphy of the topmost Campanian–Maastrichtian in a part of the Western Fore-Balkan Mountains, northwest Bulgaria
Authors: Pavlishina Polina , Dochev Docho , Metodiev Lubomir , Vladimirova Eliza
Published: March 2021

We present the inoceramid and dinoflagellate cyst record from the topmost Campanian–Maastrichtian strata of three key sections of the Western Fore-Balkan Mountains, northwest Bulgaria. The following inoceramid zones were recognized: “Inoceramus” redbirdensis Zone, Endocostea typica Zone, Trochoceramus radiosus Zone and “Inoceramus” ianjonaensis Zone. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary was tentatively drawn slightly below the first occurrence of Endocostea typica. The uppermost inoceramid assemblage was confined to the lower part of the upper Maastrichtian. Dinoflagellate cyst ranges, as well as the first and the last occurrence events of dinocysts, provided valuable markers for the stratigraphic subdivision of the Maastrichtian. The first occurrence of Microdinium carpentierae was documented in proximity to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary. The Cerodinium diebelii Zone was recognized with a stratigraphical range from the lower Maastrichtian to the lower upper Maastrichtian. The last occurrence of Alterbidinium acutulum was recorded in the lower Maastrichtian and used as aid for tracing the lower/upper Maastrichtian substage boundary. The marked domination of delicate chorate dinocysts in all sections and the encountered low P/G ratio values are indicative of stable low-energy depositional environment and oligotrophic conditions, with normal marine productivity and nutrient availability in the basin during the Maastrichtian.
Chapter 8: Recognition and Integration of Structural Controls in 3-D Geologic Modeling: Good Practice and Common Pitfalls
Authors: Stenhouse Paul , Haythornthwaite James , Jones Oliver
Published: March 2021

As the functionality and speed of 3-D geologic modeling software have improved over the last 30 years, it has become a core tool for identifying, understanding, and modeling the structural controls on ore deposits. This chapter attempts to summarize some of the key considerations involved in the 3-D modeling of structurally controlled ore deposits and establishes a basic three-step workflow that can be applied to almost any deposit style: establish a geologic framework through field work and 3-D visualization, model the project-scale geology, and finally identify, model, and understand the controls on ore shoots. Importantly, the geologic understanding of a project is not a static concept. Each step in the modeling process should add to it, highlighting which aspects of the model fit the current geologic understanding, and thus increase confidence, and which require further review and possible modification. This chapter also provides guidance on preparing data for 3-D modeling, basic 3-D visualization techniques, selecting a modeling approach, and model validation, as well as commentary on some of the more common pitfalls encountered in 3-D modeling. Finally, case studies of the Tuzon gold deposit in Liberia and the Yalea gold deposit in Mali are provided as examples of the process involved in building a 3-D geologic model, from field work to final model.
Chapter 9: Integrated Geologic-Geophysical Interpretation of District-Scale Structural Frameworks: Systematic Approaches for Targeting Mineralizing Systems
Authors: Siddorn J. P. , Williams P R. , Isles D. J. , Rankin L. R.
Published: March 2021

The integrated interpretation of aeromagnetic data is a key exploration tool to define the concealed, potentially prospective geology that we plan to explore. It helps define the district-scale morphology of structural networks and predict which structures may be associated with the formation of mineral deposits. Aeromagnetic data is particularly useful in guiding geologic mapping, exploration targeting, and strategy because the data available is usually broad, geologic processes and features are normally well imaged in the data, and it is relatively cheap to acquire and process.

A foundation to the interpretation of the geophysical data is that the interpreter should be a geoscientist familiar with the geology of the area in question, maximizing the integration of geologic knowledge of the area into the interpretation product. The interpreter must think geologically when building the interpretation, drawing on the parallels between aeromagnetic interpretation and geologic mapping/air photo interpretation. Geologic mapping observations have direct parallels in aeromagnetic interpretation (e.g., lithology, structure, alteration).

The interpretation process is outlined using the Lake Lefroy region, Western Australia, including form line construction, identification of magnetic rock units, domain definition, data set integration, definition of structural elements, lithological definition, interpretation of the structural framework, and evaluation of the interpretation.

Case studies are then provided at a range of scales from the Pine Creek inlier in northern Australia, the Superior province in eastern Canada, and the Zambian Copperbelt Northwest province to illustrate the connection between the interpretations and exploration targeting.

The final integrated interpretation is a supplement to outcrop maps, not a competitor. The purpose is to generate a structural and lithological framework that combines the geophysical data of different types with the mapped geology, which can be interrogated by mineralization models over a much wider area than can be achieved if structural elements and lithology are restricted to areas of outcrop.
Anonymity and Asynchronicity as Key Design Dimensions for the Reciprocity of Online Democratic Deliberation
Authors: De Brasi Leandro , Gutierrez Claudio ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to identify, given certain democratic normative standards regarding deliberation, some pros as well as cons of possible online deliberation designs due to variations in two key design dimensions: namely, asynchronicity and anonymity. In particular, we consider one crucial aspect of deliberative argumentation: namely, its reciprocity, which puts interaction centre stage to capture the back-and-forth of reasons. More precisely, we focus on two essential features of the deliberative interaction: namely, its listening widely and listening carefully. We conclude that one sort of online deliberation that combines the two design features of anonymity and asynchronicity is likely to better promote the reciprocity required for democratic deliberation than both natural and designed offline deliberations (such as the designed deliberation in Deliberative Polling) and online simulations of them.
Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from Brazilian caves
Authors: Dos Santos Júnior Gilson Argolo , De Ázara Ludson Neves , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes
Published: March 2021

Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixaba sp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.
© 2020 Authors. This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)DOI: 10.7172/2449-6634.jmcbem.2020.2.2Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets 2(11)202016(16–32)Is Your Purchase Intention Influenced by Irrational Factors?An Investigation of Fashion Industry
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Tahir Jan Muhammad , Abouzaid Ahmed Mohamed Hamed Aly ,   Department of Business Administration, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Nadeem  ,   epartment of Business Administration, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Hossain Tashpia ,   Department of Business Administration, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia
Published: March 2021

This research paper mainly aims to identify and analyse irrational factors that impact consumers’ purchase intention, especially in the fashion industry. The data for this study were collected from 205 consumers of various nationalities via an online self-administered questionnaire. The acquired data were put through a thorough process to establish their relevance and to ensure that the data were ready for further analysis by applying the SPSS & AMOS software. Three irrational factors were extracted from the extant literature, namely, media, social impact, and emotions. These factors are reported to have a positive influence on the consumer’s purchase intention. First, a descriptive analysis was undertaken followed by an inferential analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the fitness of the proposed model and also to test the hypotheses. Two out of the total three hypotheses are supported. In this case, media influence and social influence emerged with a significant positive impact on the consumer’s purchase intention. Even though emotions influence resulted in a positive impact, it was not statistically significant and does not relate to the consumer’s purchase intention in the fashion industry. The findings of this study have significant contribution to the body of knowledge and practice. Marketing research, in general, and consumer research, in particular, will benefit from the contribution of this research. Similarly, policy makers in the fashion industry may adopt the findings of the present study to devise more effective marketing strategies. Indeed, this research highlights that the consumer’s purchase intention is not entirely in response to a particular phenomenon but a multitude of so-called “irrational” factors like media, society, and emotions.
Perception, acceptability and decision-makingdeterminants of Soft Seltzer, a novel winegrapenon-alcoholic carbonated beverage categoryto health-conscious College students in California
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, Sikalidis Angelos K. , Kristo Aleksandra S ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, Kelleher Anita H. ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University,, Maykish Adeline ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University,
Published: March 2021

The beverage industry is a significant market that is seeing a growth albeit certain types of beverages such as wine and soda-type drinks are seemingly declining. There is certainly seen a growing interest for novel beverages, especially when creating healthy options aiming to support health via enhanced functional food/beverage properties. Furthermore, understanding how the public perceives and makes purchasing decisions towards novel and unconventional options is of key importance. The Soft Seltzer category is an emerging category defined as a sparkling water-based low calorie, no added sugar, no artificial sweetener, non-alcoholic, carbonated beverage. In our pilot study herein, we aimed to assess interest and willingness to pay for such a product produced in Sonoma, California, specifically H2O/H2♡, a dealcoholized wine-type beverage enriched with vitamins, potassium, and calcium, using a perception and acceptability study to health-conscious college students in California. Respectivelly, healthy college students were provided an on-line acceptability questionnaire with 38 questions to evaluate the concept of the H2O beverage. Our participants indicated that they would be significantly interested in purchasing such a beverage, while as for willingness to pay, a price for $9.99/4x16oz cans was deemed less than or about what is expected from a majority of participants. Our results taken together demonstrate that there is substantial interest and traction for such a beverage, especially given its natural origin and potential health benefits. Further research including tasting and health-related functional properties for the beverage in discussion is suggested. Additionally, lifestyle aspects and nuances beyond alcohol that are important to wine drinkers and other consumers could be delivered by novel beverages, hence aid in their success in the beverage market
Implementation of Green Marketing Concept Through Social Media Activities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nabivi Elnur
Published: March 2021

The last century’s industrial and technological development has led to the growth of environmental problems such as global warming, climate changes, water, air, and ground pollution. The awareness of modern consumers about these issues is growing, and companies respond by using “green marketing” strategies. Green marketing refers to the development and marketing of products that are considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, the extensive use of the Internet and increasing social media’s importance in recent years forced brands to communicate with consumers in this way. In this study, these two mega-trends influencing contemporary consumer behavior were combined: social media and green marketing. Although several studies explored sustainable strategies of brands in the field of social media, this body of research has not been subjected to a review. The primary goal of the research is to determine the main topics covered in the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted to take up this goal, indicating 31 relevant publications from 21 journals published between 2010 and July 2020, for exploring the ways of implementing green marketing strategies through social networks. After analyzing collected data, four main topics covered in the literature body were extracted: general marketing strategies of brands, brand promotion strategies, determinants of consumer’s green purchasing behavior, and raising environmental awareness. Based on the performed synthesis, the research gaps and fruitful directions for further research were formulated.
Cartographic Intertextuality: Reading The Narrative of Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson with Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Mischke Dennis
Published: March 2021

The Narrative of Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson from 1682 is not only famous – or infamous – for its brutal descriptions of the armed conflicts of King Philip’s War, it is also a colonial document that contains both religious as well as spatial representations of Native American territories. This article proposes to analyze this entanglement of space and text with a combination of digital text analysis tools and geographic information systems (GIS). Applying the potentials of such technologies and methods to the study of captivity narratives like Mary Rowlandson’s opens up new opportunities to better understand the interaction of writing and space in colonial New England.
Concurrent validity of five prediction equations to evaluate fat percentage in a sports group expected to yield high performance from Medellín, Colombia
Authors: López Ana Lucía , Vélez Juan David , García Angélica María , Arango Elkin Fernando
Published: March 2021

Introduction: No equations to predict the body composition of athletes from Medellín expected to have high performance have been constructed and, thus, decisions regarding their training and nutrition plans lack support.Objective: To calculate the concurrent validity of five prediction equations for fat percentage in a group of athletes from Medellín, Colombia, expected to yield high performance.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to validate diagnostic tests using secondary-source data of athletes under the age of 18 who were part of the “Medellín Team”. The gold standard was dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA). We analyzed the Slaughter, Durnin and Rahaman, Lohman, and Johnston prediction equations, as well as the five-component model. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient to assess the consistency of the methods and the Bland-Altman plot to calculate the average bias and agreement limits of each of the equations.Results: We included 101 athletes (50,5 % of them women). The median age was 14,8 years (IR: 13,0 - 16,0). The concurrent validity was “good/excellent” for the Johnston and the Durnin and Rahaman equations and the five-components model. The Lohman equation overestimated the fat percentage in 12,7 points. All of the equations showed broad agreement limits.Conclusions: The Durnin and Rahaman and the Johnston equations, as well as the fivecomponent model, can be used to predict the FP in the study population as they showed a “good/excellent” concurrent validity and a low average bias. The equations analyzed have low accuracy, which hinders their use to diagnose the individual fat percentage within this population.
Exploring the Unexplored: Circulating Micromegakaryocytes in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia
Authors: Sinha Pallavi , Singh Sarika , Dhar Lity , Aggarwal Sunita
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorder characterised by balanced chromosomal translocation called the Philadelphia chromosome. It is clinically divided into Chronic Phase (CP), Accelerated Phase (AP), and Blast Crisis (BC). Disease is seen associated with leukocytosis and myeloid bulge in the peripheral smear. Sighting of circulating Micromegakaryocytes in peripheral smear in CML, is a known entity but long forgotten and a finding not well explored to depend on. They are dysplastic, small megakaryocytes with increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and hypolobated nuclei, at times seen with pinching off platelets though being dysplastic. Besides CML, micromegakaryocytes are also observed in myelodysplasia, and other myeloid neoplasms. Aim: To assess the frequency of Circulating Micromegakaryocytes in CML in North Indian population and to observe its correlation with clinical staging. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, from July 2017-July 2018. Forty-five newly diagnosed cases of CML, with median age being 37 years, were included in the study. Of these 22 were males and 23 females. Micromegakaryocytes were identified on peripheral smear stained by Giemsa and by CD61 immunostaining. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24. Pearson Chi-square was used to calculate p-value. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Correlation was calculated as Pearson correlation coefficient formula. Results: Micromegakayocytes were found in 37 (82%) cases, out of which 20 (54%) were in CP, 8 (22%) in AP and 9 (24%) in BC. Anaemia was present in 42 (93%) cases. Mean value of micromegakaryocytes were highest in BC (2.6) and lowest in CP (0.57). There was significant positive correlation of micromegakaryocytes with bone marrow fibrosis (p=0.01). There was no significant correlation of micromegakaryocytes with splenomegaly (p=0.41) and basophil count (p=0.79). Conclusion: Micromegakaryocytes and cytoplasmic fragments of micromegakaryocytes are found in CML in Indian population. There was significant correlation of circulating megakaryocytes with progressive phase and marrow fibrosis. However, study on large number of subjects is needed for better correlation.
The Relation of Nitrate and Phosphate to Phytoplankton Abundance in the Upstream Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Marsela Kristina , Hamdani Herman , Anna Zuzy , Herawati Heti
Published: March 2021

Citarum River is the longest river in West Java Province, it is utilized for various anthropogenic activities that will affect the water quality, ecological state, and parameters of nitrates and phosphates in the waters of Citarum River. Nitrate and phosphate content can affect Phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator to determine water quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of nitrates and phosphates with the abundance of phytoplankton and determine the quality of water in the Citarum River. The study began in August 2020 until September 2020. The research uses a survey method with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations with 5 times repetitions every 7 days. The water parameter analyzed are transparency, temperature, current, pH, DO, BOD, PO42-,NO3-, Phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. Results showed that phytoplankton in the citarum river there were 24 genera divided into 4 phylum. Diversity index during the study reached between 0,91 – 0,99 and dominance index was in the range 0,01 – 0,2. Phytoplankton abundance ranges from 11 to 1292 ind/L. The highest genera phytoplankton composition at each station was found is Synedra as much as 1087 ind/ L. Nitrate content ranges from 0.13 - 0.33 mg/l and phosphate content range from 0.13 - 0.29 mg/l. The acquisition of R square value based on the simultaneous analysis of the relationship between nitrate and phosphate and the abundance of phytoplankton was 43,9% and 56,1% was influenced by other several factor namely temperature, water transparency, nutrient, and water flow.
Evaluation of the Binding Properties of a Polymer Obtained from Modification of Triticum aestivum Starch in Metronidazole Tablets Formulation
Authors: Nwachukwu Nkemakolam , Ugoeze Kenneth Chinedu , Alumona Azuka Ijoma
Published: March 2021

Aim: The binding properties of a polymer obtained from modification of Triticum aestivum (TA) starch in metronidazole tablets formulation were evaluated.

Study Design: Experimental design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria from January to July, 2018.

Methods: TA seeds were steeped for 72 h, wet milled and the native Triticum aestivum starch (NTS) extracted. NTS (1kg) was oxidized by slurring in 4 L of 3.50% w/v sodium hypochlorite, washed to neutral pH with 95% v/v ethanol (MTS). MTS was dried at 60°C for 3 h, milled and classified (250 μm). The starches were characterized using standard methods and applied as binders at 1, 2 and 3% w/w in formulating metronidazole tablets using wet granulation. Methylcellulose and gelatin at similar concentrations were used as standards.

Results: The granules and tablets were evaluated using standard methods. NTS and MTS had similar properties with starch. The modification improved the densities, hydration capacity and flow properties of MTS. The granules flowed and compressed well. The tablets had minimal weight variation, hardness (≥ 4 kgF), friability (<1%) and disintegration (<15 min). Metronidazole release (≥ 85%) within 60 min existed in all the batches except batches containing 1% methylcellulose and 3% gelatine.

Conclusion: The results met with United States Pharmacopoeia specifications for oral uncoated metronidazole tablets. MTS performed better than NTS and compared well with methylcellulose and gelatin as binder in metronidazole tablet formulation.
Biochemical Characterization of Two Polygalacturonases Purified from the Digestive Juice of the Snail Limicolaria flammea
Authors: Kanga Armand Kouassi , Koffi Djary Michel , Sea Bernard Téhi , Gbotognon Jaures Oscar , Kouamé Lucien Patrice
Published: March 2021

Polygalacturonases constitute the major part of pectinase preparations for many bioprocess purposes. Investigation on the digestive juice of snail Limicolaria flammea led to purification of two polygalacturonases named PG1 and PG2. Properties of these enzymes were examined to explore their potential in biotechnology applications. A three steps procedure including size exclusion, anion and cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography were used for purification. The enzymes PG1 and PG2 had native molecular weights of approximately 46 and 86 kDa, respectively and functioned both as monomeric structures. The purified polygalacturonases PG1 and PG2 showed optimum hydrolysis activities at 50°C in sodium acetate buffer pH 5.6. The common inhibitor of the two purified polygalacturonases activity were Mn2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, EDTA, SDS and L-cystein. NH3+  stimulate            the polygalacturonase PG1 while Ba2+ was an activator for polygalacturonase PG2. Substrate specificity indicated that these enzymes hydrolyse a broad range of pectin from different sources. The highest activity of PG1 was observed with apple pectin and lemon pectin while PG2 showed its highest activity with orange pectin. The catalytic efficiency of PG1 was highest for lemon pectin (0.125 µmol/min/mL) and orange pectin (0.124 µmol/min/mL). PG2 displayed highest catalytic efficiency (0.325 µmol/min/mL) towards orange pectin. These results suggest that orange and lemon pectin would be the potential physiological substrates of the two purified enzymes.
Effect of Plant Densities on Yield Potential of Nerica 10 Rice Variety (Oryza sativa L.) In Taita Taveta County
Authors: Akula Leah Andisi , Muindi Esther Mwende , Mounde Lenard Gichana , Mcharo Mwamburi
Published: March 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is an important cereal crop grown within central, western and coast region of Kenya. Despite annual rice consumption being higher than maize (Kenya’s staple food), the country is unable to meet an annual demand of 0.55 million tons and depends on imports to fill a 73% deficit. In order to contribute to reducing the deficit gap, a field experiment was conducted at Dembwa and Kipusi, Taita Taveta County in Kenya during the 2019 long rain season to find out the effect of spacing and seeding rate on performance of New Rice for Africa (Nerica) 10 rice variety. Three spacings 30 cm x 15 cm (control), 20 cm x 15 cm and 20 cm x 10 cm and four seedrates drill (random seed placement in small groove/line), 1, 2, or 3 seedling(qs) per hill were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, factorial arrangement with three replications. Results showed that the interaction between 20 cm x 10 cm spacing at single seedling per hill significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased grain yield by 58%, dry biomass by 33% and harvest index by 45% compared to 20 cm x 15 cm and 30 cm x 15cm (control). These results suggest that interaction between 20 cm x 10 cm spacing at 1(one) seedling per hill is the best for Nerica 10 grain yield maximization in Taita Taveta County. The current investigation is among preliminary studies on Nerica 10 rice variety in the county. Therefore, there is need for long term trials in various agro environments in the County.
The role of Controlled and Mole Drainage in Relation to Water Saving, Salt Accumulation on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality in North Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Ghannam Kh. M. , El-sherief Amira , Nageeb I. A.
Published: March 2021

Two field experiments were conducted at Sidi Salem region, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to study the impact of controlled drainage at 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 m and mole drain spacing 2 m on soil salinity, water-saving and sugar beet productivity. Results obtained that using controlled drainage saved irrigation water 24.56 and 11.35% in 1st season and 23.73 and 15.08% in 2nd season for 50, 75 cm depth of water table respectively, compared to 125 cm depth of water table. Application of mole drains seems to be more effective in decreasing soil salinity and sodicity especially, in the topsoil (0-60 cm) and narrow spacing between the plowed lines (2 m).Data showed that the water table level at 0.5 and 0.75 m treatments rose more rapidly and remained higher for longer time than the uncontrolled drainage treatment, the average water table depth was above specified depths between irrigation intervals from 3-7 days depending on the depth. There was a marked variation between the treatments that controlled drainage increased the yield at 0.50 m water table depth by 39 and 30% for both seasons, respectively. It can be concluded that the treatment of controlled drainage may give more profit than the uncontrolled one.  At the same time, the contents of K+, Na+, alpha- amino N and alkalinity in root beet were insignificantly affected by controlled subsurface drainage in both seasons.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Malaria and the Use of Insecticide-Treated Net among Rural Dwellers in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezaka Ephraim Ibeabuchi , Ezeunala Mercy Nwakaego , Gabriel Obi Chidera , Chinasa Nwankwo Precious , Buba Babangida , Moses Dashar Tangkat , Chibueze Odoh Victor
Published: March 2021

Malaria continues to be a critical health issue globally with more cases from the WHO African region and has remained endemic in Nigeria despite the possession of insecticide-treated nets. This present study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding malaria and the use of ITNs as a malaria prevention strategy among rural dwellers in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. A systematic questionnaire was used to get responses from a total of 304 households from January to March 2020 with only one adult interviewed per household. The respondents were the heads of the household. In their absence, a responsible adult above eighteen years, chosen by the family was interviewed. 99.3% (302) of the respondents agreed that malaria is caused as a result of a mosquito bite. The majority (90.8%) of them also agreed that ITN prevents mosquito bites, while 86.8% of them had ITNs. The study participants identified Fever (82.2%) and Headache (33.9%) as the most common evidence of malaria. Our study participants applied various preventive measures against mosquito bites such as the use of ITNs (86.5%), clearing breeding sites around their homes (28.3%), use of insecticidal sprays (18.8%), and wearing protective clothing’s (6.9%). This study has shown that respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards malaria and ITN, and also employed various measures to reduce the prevalence of malaria in the area.
Pattern of Prescription of Anti-malarial Drugs in the Primary Health Care Facilities in Sokoto State Nigeria
Authors: Ango U. M. , Oche M. O. , Kaoje A. U. , Bello M. M. , Umar M. T. , Adamu A. , Kalgo Y. F. , Basakkwace S. A. , Musa A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Prescription practices for malaria have been shown to influence the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs.  Appropriate antimalarial drug use contributes to reductions in morbidity and mortality due to malaria with a consequent socioeconomic benefit, thus the success of a new malaria treatment policy would depend on the adherence of health care providers and patients to treatment recommendations. This study aimed to determine the prescribing pattern of anti-malaria in primary health care facilities in Sokoto State.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried-out in the Primary Health Care facilities in Sokoto State. Screening of prescription forms from the patients who presented at the outpatient clinic during the period of the study in the selected health facilities was done at the point of exit, and only those with antimalarial prescription were consecutively selected. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtained brief history of the illness among 276 respondents who were enrolled in to the study. Record of Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) for the diagnosis of the malaria was obtained from the patients and or their caregivers. Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS version 20 statistical packages.

Results: Majority 85 (30.8%) of the respondents were aged ≤ 1-10 years followed by 21-30 years 81 (29.3) Of the 276 antimalarial prescription forms obtained from the respondents, artemisinin- based combination therapy (ACT) was 166 (60.1%) and monotherapy was 110 (39.9%). The commonest artemisinin-based combination therapy prescribed for the respondents was Artemether-Lumefantrine 141 (84.9%) followed by Artesunate- Amodiaquine 16 (9.6%). The commonest oral mono-therapy prescribed was Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine 28 (75.7%) while the most prescribed injectable monotherapy was artemether 59 (80.8%). Rapid Diagnostic Test for malaria (mRDT) was done for 274 (99.3%) respondents; those with mRDT positive were 238 (86.9%). The commonest presenting symptoms was fever 274 (99.3%) flowed by headache 225 (80.7%) and loss of appetite 215 (77.9%).  

Conclusion: The pattern of antimalarial prescription observed in this study was mainly artemisinin-based combination therapy. However, antimalarial monotherapy is still being prescribed. There is need for regular training of the health care workers on the appropriate treatment of malaria using the national guideline for treatment of malaria. Regular supply and availability of ACTs in all health facilities across the state will ensure full compliance with national guideline for malaria treatment using ACTs.
Weight Management and Dietary Style Modifications among University Students
Authors: Ahmed Mona Abdelgadir
Published: March 2021

Weight management is a long term approach to a healthy life style. It includes a balance of healthy eating and physical exercise to equate energy expenditure and energy intake. Weight management depends on your body need and according to the basal metabolic rate. A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted based on the questionnaire that were distributed among under graduated students. In a case study group, a total of 200 females aged less than 25 years old were taken into consolidation.  All the female participants were from Saudi Arabia Healthy females without any complication who were the students of Albaha University enrolled in 2017, participated in the questionnaire.

The Study Aimed: Is to know the dietary style modification during weight management among female university students.

The Specific Objectives: Is to find out the  reasons for body weight management,  to evaluate the different  methods used in  weight  management ,  and also to assess  different  knowledge  of university female students   and  their  body management  interesting  and   also  to give them advice about the correct way for body weight management. The data analysis only covers (42). Students who were concerned in weight management (included criteria) and exclude all students who were not concerned in weight management (210) (excluded criteria). The questionnaire variables include demographic (question about age resident and the student knowledge about her weight (According to the body mass index) that represents how many of females are underweight, normal weight and obese. The questionnaire also covered other information about their normal physical activities and dietary modification.
Inhibitory Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract on Inflammatory Biomarkers
Authors: Oladejo Adebayo Afees , Ikechuckwu Onwubuya Emmanuel , Aritetsoma Ogbunugafor Henrietta , Samuel Okafor Chike , Uche Ogbodo Chibuzor
Published: March 2021

Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. (Crassulaceae) called ‘Oda-opue’ in Igbo and ‘Abamoda’ in Yoruba are widely used as food and as medicines in traditional medical practice. They are found widely in tropical Africa, America, India and China. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of the hydro-ethanol leaf extract on inflammatory biomarkers. The Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma method was used in the study. The plant extract significantly inhibited the inflammatory biomarkers, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, interleukins 1β and 6, and prostaglandin E2, in a dose dependent manner indicating a reduction of inflammation in the rats. The study showed that B. pinnatum leaf extract possess a rich content of bioactive compounds which could be synthesized to produce new plant-based product to fight inflammatory disorders with fewer side effects.
Efficacy of Extra-Oral Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Teeth Extraction
Authors: Raza Ali , Shahzad Muhammad , Gul Ameer , Abro Babar , Kumbhar Aftab Ahmed , Ahmed Bashir
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Extra oral inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique in terms of pain during injection, onset of anesthesia and pain during extraction of mandibular teeth.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Oral & Maxillo-facial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad, from May 2018 to November 2018. All patients in the age range of 18-45 years regardless of gender and having sub-mucous fibrosis were included. Affected teeth were diagnosed via clinical examination, intra oral periapical radiograph (IOPAR) and Orthopantomogram (OPG). Mandibular teeth were anesthetised by extra oral inferior alveolar nerve block. Visual analog scale was used to record severity of the pain during the injection of anesthesia and during the extraction. Onset of the anesthesia was recorded in minutes. Data was documented via self-made proforma and analyzed by SPSS 20 version 20.

Results: Overall 64 cases were studied. Out of which 34 were males and 30 were females. In most of the cases pain was not found, while 8 cases showed mild pain and 4 showed moderate pain. During extraction, there was no pain among 46 patients, while 10 had mild pain and only 8 had moderate pain.

Conclusion: It was concluded that extra oral inferior alveolar nerve block technique is the best treatment option with less pain during injection, rapid onset of anesthesia, and less pain during extraction.
Enantioselective Halofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Ashtekar Kumar D. , Jaganathan Arvind , Borhan Babak , Whitehead Daniel C.
Published: March 2021

Asymmetric functionalization of alkenes is a powerful transformation to access a variety of chiral molecules. This chapter discusses strategies for the reagent‐controlled enantioselective chloro‐, bromo‐, or iodofunctionalization of alkene substrates. The resulting products from the vicinal stereoselective halofunctionalization of alkenes provide access to chiral heterocycles, synthetic building blocks, and key intermediates for the syntheses of natural products. A historical perspective with regards to both reaction development as well as the numerous mechanistic challenges for this class of transformations are discussed. The accompanying tables are a glossary of reactions that are organized by the halogen electrophile and further classified by the identity of the nucleophile. Representative protocols as well as application of asymmetric alkene halofunctionalization in kinetic resolutions, desymmetrizations, and total synthesis are also presented.
Reactions of Diboron Reagents with Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Fernández Elena , Cuenca Ana B.
Published: March 2021

The impressive evolution of diboron reagents in recent years has paralleled the development of diboration reactions. Since the discovery of the uncatalyzed diboration reaction, new methods to activate diboron reagents with transition metal complexes and Lewis bases provide efficient ways to catalyze the diboration of unsaturated substrates with total control of regio‐, chemo‐, and enantioselectivity. This rapid progress is supported by theoretical calculations that shed light on the mechanisms involved and stimulate the development of new boron–boron activation modes towards geminal and vicinal diboration of carbon–carbon multiple bonds. Overall, the diboration reaction represents an improvement over alternative strategies to generate two carbon–boron bonds, such as double hydroboration or double dehydrogenative borylation. Selective diboration protocols are highlighted in the efficient syntheses of target compounds such as
exo
‐brevicomin, (+)‐discodermolide, (
S
)‐fenpropimorph, and (
Z
)‐tamoxifen.