bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anténor Firmin: Haitian Pioneer of Anthropology
Authors: Fluehr‐Lobban Carolyn
Published: December 2004

Anténor Firmin published De I'Égalité des Races Humaines in 1885 in Paris as a response both to Arthur de Gobineau's racist tome L'lnégalité des Races (1853‐55) and to the racialist anthropology of the nineteenth century. This pioneering work of anthropology has been translated for the first time into English by Assclin Charles as The Equality of the Human Races (Firmin [1885]2000). In 662 pages of the original text, Firmin systematically critiqued the anthropometry and craniometry that dominated the anthropology of his day, while he envisioned a broad, synthetic discipline that would follow once this narrow approach to the study of man was abandoned. He challenged virtually every extant racial myth and laid a basis for the understanding of human variation as adaptation to climate and environment. Contrary to the polygenist doctrines of the infertility of interracial matings, Firmin extolled the value of racial mixture, especially in the vigorous New World hybrid populations. He developed a critical view of racial classifications and of race that foreshadowed much later social constructions of race. In the book he also articulated early Pan‐Africanist ideas as well as an analytical framework for what would become postcolonial studies.

The Equality of the Human Races is a text that lies historically at the foundations of the birth of the discipline of anthropology, yet it is unknown to the field. It is a pioneering work in critical anthropology that awaits recognition 115 years after it was first published. [Anténor Firmin, history of racism, antiracism, historical texts, Haitian anthropologist, critical anthropology, nineteenth‐century pioneer]
The Life and Times of Sara Baartman: The Hottentot Venus
Authors: Gordon Robert
Published: December 2004

The Life and Times of Sara Baartman: The Hottentot Venus. 1998. 52 minutes, color. film directed by Zola Maseko. For more information, contact First Run/Icarus Films. 153 Waverly Place, New York. NY 10014.
Authenticating (and Inauthenticating) Local Moral Worlds: Ethnographies of Interpersonal Experience
Authors: Cassell Joan
Published: December 2004

Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless. Robert Desjarlais. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. 308 pp.

Women in the American Welfare Trap. Catherine Pélissier Kingfisher. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. 206 pp.

Love, Sorrow, and Rage: Destitute Women in. Manhattan Residence. Alisse Waterston. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999. 235 pp.

Sidewalk. Mitchell Duneier. with photographs by Ovie Carter New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999. 383 pp.
The Inside Story
Authors: Hirschfeld Lawrence A.
Published: December 2004

How We Think They Think: Anthropological Approaches to Cognition, Memory, and Literacy. Maurice E. F. Bloch. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.205 pp.

Explaining Culture:. Naturalistic Approach. Dan Sperber. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. 175 pp.

Cognitive Theory of Cultural Meaning. Claudia Strauss and Naomi Quinn. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 323 pp.

Mind as Action. James V. Wertsch. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 203 pp.
Zooarchaeology
Authors: Pike‐Tay Anne
Published: December 2004

Zooarchaeology. Elizabeth J. Reitz and Elizabeth S. Wing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 455 pp.
Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present: An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Chernela Janet M.
Published: December 2004

Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present: An Ecological Perspective. David J. Wilson. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. 480 pp.
The Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A.
Published: December 2004

The Nonhuman Primates. Phyllis Dolhinow and Agustín Fuentes. eds. Mountain View, CA. Mayfield Publishing Co., 1999. 340 pp.
Cyborgs @ Cyberspace?: An Ethnographer Looks to the Future
Authors: Parman Susan
Published: December 2004

Cyborgs. Cyberspace?: An Ethnographer Looks to the Future. David Hakken. New York: Routledge, 1999. 264 pp.
AIDS Alibis: Sex, Drugs and Crime in the Americas
Authors: Singer Merrill
Published: December 2004

AIDS Alibis: Sex, Drugs and Crime in the Americas. Stephanie Kane. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998. 222 pp.
Theorizing Self in Samoa: Emotions, Genders, and Sexualities
Authors: Scheder Jo C.
Published: December 2004

Theorizing Self in Samoa: Emotions, Genders, and Sexualities. Jeannette Marie Mageo. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998. 292 pp.
Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search for Ethical Universals in Medicine
Authors: Baer Hans A.
Published: December 2004

Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search for Ethical Universals in Medicine. Ruth Macklin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 290 pp.
Metasignaling and Language Origins
Authors: Urban Greg
Published: December 2004

Over the past two decades, comparative linguistic anthropological research has disclosed the significance of metadiscourse and metasignaling forthe establishment, maintenance, and transformation of social relations. One type of metasignal‐signal relationship has, because of its role in producing sociability, come to seem especially interesting with regard to the evolutionary origins of human language—the type wherein a strategically (and presumably neocortically) induced metasignal is modeled after, but distinct from, an instinctively triggered signal, as in ritualized lamentation. Strategic vocal deceptions in nonhuman primates are possible precursors of true socially constructed, socially shared metasignals, which in turn may be ancestors of modern human language. This article charts an evolutionary path from strategic vocal manipulation, to cultural metasignals, to language, using data from primate studies, discourse‐centered research, and early child language acquisition. [Key words: language origins, semiotics, metacommunication, chimpanzees, early language acquisition]
Decoding the Discourses: Feminism and Science
Authors: Walrath Dana
Published: December 2004

Revisioning Women, Health and Healing: Feminist, Cultural and Technoscience Perspectives. Adele E. Clarke and Virginia L. Olesen. eds, New York: Routledge, 1999. 374 pp.

Technologies of Procreation: Kinship in the Age of Assisted Conception. Jeanette Edwards. Sarah Franklin. Eric Hirsch, Frances Price, and Marilyn Strathern. New York: Routledge, 1999. 236 pp.

Testing the Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America. Rayna Rapp. New York: Routledge, 1999. 361 pp.
A Little Bit of Wisdom: Conversations with a Nez Perce Elder
Authors: Walker Deward E.
Published: December 2004

Little Bit of Wisdom: Conversations with. Nez Perce Elder. Horace P. Axtell and Margo Aragon. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.217 pp.
New Trends and Developments in African Religions
Authors: Olupona Jacob K.
Published: December 2004

New Trends and Developments in African Religions. Peter B. Clarke, ed. Westport, CT. Greenwood Press, 1998.309 pp.
Measuring the Flow of Time: The Works of James A. Ford, 1935‐1941: James A. Ford and the Growth of Americanist Archaeology
Authors: Redmond Brian G.
Published: December 2004

Measuring the Flow of Time: The Works of James A. Ford, 1935‐1941. Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999. 582 pp.

James A. Ford and the Growth of Americanist Archaeology. Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998.377 pp.
The Archaeology of Animal Bones
Authors: Gifford‐Gonzalez Diane
Published: December 2004

The Archaeology of Animal Bones. Terry O'Connor. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000.206 pp.
Consequences of Cultivar Diffusion
Authors: Meggers Betty J.
Published: December 2004

Consequences of Cultivar Diffusion. Leonard Plotnicov and Richard Scaglion. eds. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh, 1999. 151 pp.
Native Religions and Cultures of North America: Anthropology of the Sacred
Authors: Theisz R. D.
Published: December 2004

Native Religions and Cultures of North America: Anthropology of the Sacred. Lawrence E. Sullivan. ed. New York: Continuum, 2000. 249 pp.
From Samburu Heirloom to New Age Artifact: The Cross‐Cultural Consumption ofMporoMarriage Beads
Authors: Straight Bilinda
Published: December 2004

Antique Venetian trade beads used in Samburu women's marriage necklaces (mporo) have recently undergone intense recommodif ication in the transnational trade bead market concurrent with their appropriation by Euro‐American women in both religious and secular domains. The article offers duai ethnographies of this mporo bead in order to advance anthropological understandings of precious objects in the context of globalization. Samburu and Euro‐American desires for the "same" bead have been both reciprocal and distinct: Whereas Samburu desires for and exchange of mporo beads have been rooted in Samburu cultural forms, Euro‐American desires for the same bead are linked to a kind of "fictional inalienability" that is not embedded in Samburu social relations but is instead rich in spiritual associations imagined through Euro‐American women's vague understandings of the bead's "original" African owners. [Keywords: material culture, globalization, United States, Kenya, pastoralists]
An Irrigation Intake Is like a Uterus: Culture and Agriculture in Precolonial North Pare, Tanzania
Authors: Sheridan Michael J.
Published: December 2004

This case study of intensive agriculture in precolonial Tanzania argues that irrigation existed under conditions of low population density because a regional exchange network created incentives for farmers to invest in their land. This economic context cannot, however, explain specific strategies for accumulating wealth in a 19th‐century African society. Descriptions of how precolonial farmers managed labor, land, and water show that production was relatively compartmentalized from the formal politics of centralized chiefdoms. In this sparsely inhabited frontier zone, irrigation was a way to accumulate wealth in people. An analysis of the symbolism of irrigation shows the symbolic correlations between human and agricultural fertility, which, in turn, became an ideological force for organizing labor. Landscape features such as irrigation systems were therefore forms of symbolic and material capital, and the management of both constituted the politics of maintaining a particular division of labor and rights to resources by gender and age. [Key words: intensive agriculture, irrigation, symbolic capital, fertility symbolism, gender division of labor]
Why Don't Anthropologists Like Children?
Authors: Hirschfeld Lawrence A.
Published: December 2004

Few major works in anthropology focus specifically on children, a curious state of affairs given that virtually all contemporary anthropology is based on the premise that culture is learned, not inherited. Although children have a remarkable and undisputed capacity for learning generally, and learning culture in particular, in significant measure anthropology has shown little interest in them and their lives. This article examines the reasons for this lamentable lacunae and offers theoretical and empirical reasons for repudiating it. Resistance to child‐focused scholarship, it is argued, is a byproduct of (1) an impoverished view of cultural learning that overestimates the role adults play and underestimates the contribution that children make to cultural reproduction, and (2) a lack of appreciation of the scope and force of children's culture, particularly in shaping adult culture. The marginalization of children and childhood, it is proposed, has obscured our understanding of how cultural forms emerge and why they are sustained. Two case studies, exploring North American children's beliefs about social contamination, illustrate these points. [Keywords: anthropology of childhood, children's culture, acquisition of cultural knowledge, race]
Padlei Diary, 19S0. An Account of the Padleimiut Eskimo in the Keewatin District West of Hudson Bay during the Early Months of 1950 as Witnessed
Authors: Elder Sarah
Published: December 2004

Padlei Diary, 19S0. An Account of the Padleimiut Eskimo in the Keewatin District West of Hudson Bay dur ing the Early Months of 1950 as Witnessed. Written and Photographed by Richard Harrington. Edmund Carpenter, ed. New York: Rock Foundation 2000 109 pp.
Historical Archaeologies of Global Capitalism and Colonization
Authors: Mullins Paul R.
Published: December 2004

The Historical Archaeology of Buenos Aires:. City at the End of the World. Daniel Schavelzon. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 187 pp.

Domestic Architecture and Power: The Historical Archaeology of Colonial Ecuador. Ross W. Jamieson. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 244 pp.

Historical Archaeology in Wachovia: Excavating Eighteenth‐ Century Bethabara and Moravian Pottery. Stanley South. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. 442 pp.

Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground. Uzi Baram and Lynda Carroll. eds. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 272 pp.
On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A.
Published: December 2004

On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups. Sue Boinski and Paul A. Garber. eds. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2000. 811 pp.
Encompassing Others: The Magic of Modernity in Melanesia
Authors: Gardner Don
Published: December 2004

Encompassing Others: The Magic of Modernity in Melanesia. Edward LiPuma. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. 342 pp.
Archaeology and Created Memory: Public History in a National Park
Authors: De Cunzo Lu Ann
Published: December 2004

Archaeology and Created Memory: Public History in. National Park. Paul A. Shackel. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000.191 pp.
Taming Oblivion: Aging Bodies and the Fear of Senility in Japan
Authors: Zeserson Jan Morgan
Published: December 2004

Taming Oblivion: Aging Bodies and the Fear of Senility in Japan. John W. Traphagan. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 225 pp.
Making War at Home in the United States: Militarization and the Current Crisis
Authors: Lutz Catherine
Published: December 2004

Our job as intellectuals, this article argues, is to struggle to understand the crisis presented by terrorism in all its forms. This can center on a theoretical account of militarization and its relationship to broader social changes, from the emergence of nationstates to the course of racialization and other inequalities to the convergence of interests in military spending. The article gives a terse historical account of the 20th‐century history of the militarization process and of the distinct modes of warfare that have developed over that time. To account for the growth of militarization over the last half of the century requires a focus on the growth of U.S. hegemony and the naming of the empire that dominated the global scene as the most recent crisis opened on September 11, 2001. This account suggests how we can connect these global and national histories with specific ethnographically understood places and people, giving some examples from ethnographic and historical research in a military city, Fayetteville, North Carolina. Finally, this review of militarization suggests that the attacks on the United States, and the war that followed, represent a continuation and acceleration of ongoing developments, rather than sharp openings in history. These new developments include reasons for hope that the legitimacy of violence and empire may also be under challenge. [Keywords: militarization, modes of warfare, United States, ethnography of empire]
Bamana Identity, State Formation, and the Sources of Bamana Art
Authors: Brett‐Smith Sarah C.
Published: December 2004

Bamana: The Art of Existence in Mali. Museum for African Art, New York. September 19, 2001—March 2, 2002.

Bamana: The Art of Existence in Mali. Jean‐Paul Colleyn. ed. New York: Museum for African Art, in association with Museum Rietberg and Snoek‐Ducaju and Zoon, 2001. 263 pp.
Japan's Alternative Modernity in a Globalizing World
Authors: Mathews Gordon
Published: December 2004

Japan and Its Others: Globalization, Difference, and the Critique of Modernity. John Clammer. Japanese Society Series. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2001. 272 pp.

Individual Dignity in Modern Japanese Thought: The Evolution of the Concept of Jinkaku in Moral and Educational Discourse. Kyoko Inoue. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 2001. 262 pp.

Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron. Harumi Befu. Japanese Society Series. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2001. 181 pp.
Recent Theory in Highland New Guinea
Authors: Poyer Lin
Published: December 2004

Identity Work: Constructing Pacific Lives. Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern. eds. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. 216 pp.

Arrow Talk: Transaction, Transition, and Contradiction in New Guinea Highlands History. Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2000. 216 pp.

Humors and Substances: Ideas of the Body in New Guinea. Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern. with contributions by Ien Courtens and Dianne van Oosterhout. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. 156 pp.
A Stó:lo—Coast Salish Historical Atlas
Authors: Thom Brian
Published: December 2004

Stó:lo—Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Keith Carlson. ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001. 208 pp.
Domesticating Revolution: From Socialist Reform to Ambivalent Transition in a Bulgarian Village
Authors: Pilbrow Tim
Published: December 2004

Domesticating Revolution: From Socialist Reform to Ambivalent Transition in. Bulgarian Village. Gerald W. Creed. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998. 304 pp.
A Society without Fathers or Husbands: The Na of China
Authors: Harrell Stevan
Published: December 2004

Society without Fathers or Husbands: The Na of China. Cai Hua. Translated by Asti Hustvedt. New York: Zone Books, 2002. 506 pp.
Muslim Turkistan. Kazak Religion and Collective Memory
Authors: Maskarinec Gregory G.
Published: December 2004

Muslim Turkistan. Kazak Religion and Collective Memory. Bruce G. Privratsky. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2001. 321 pp.
Meat‐Eating and Human Evolution
Authors: Mitani John C.
Published: December 2004

Meat‐Eating and Human Evolution. Craig B. Stanford and Henry T. Bunn. eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.384 pp.
Chimpanzees Today
Authors: Ingmanson Ellen J.
Published: December 2004

Chimpanzees Today. 2001. 36 minutes, color. video by Anne Zeller. For more information, contact Insight Media, 2162 Broadway, New York, NY 10024‐0621.
Chocolate
Authors: Terrio Susan J.
Published: December 2004

Chocolate. Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago. February 14–December 31, 2002.
Reasoning with an Attitude: Johannes Fabian's Ecstatic Trek
Authors: Herzfeld Michael
Published: December 2004

Out of Our Minds: Reason and Madness in the Exploration of Central Africa. Johannes Fabian. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 320 pp.

Anthropology with an Attitude: Critical Essays. Johannes Fabian. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 356 pp.
Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions
Authors: Hammond Joyce D.
Published: December 2004

Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions. Yorghos Apostolopoulos. Sevil Sönmez. and Dallen J. Timothy. eds. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001. 272 pp.
La Voz del Kultrun en la Modernidad: Tradicion y Cambio en la Terapeutica de Siete Machi Mapuche
Authors: Winkelman Michael
Published: December 2004

La Voz del Kultrun en la Modernidad: Tradicion. Cambio en la Terapeutica de Siete Machi Mapuche(The voice of the drum in modernity: Tradition and change in the therapy of seven Mapuche machi). Ann Mariella Bacigalupo. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Catolica de Chile,2001 .271pp.
Imagined States: Nationalism, Utopia and Longing in the Oral Cultures
Authors: Anderson Wanni W.
Published: December 2004

Imagined States: Nationalism, Utopia and Longing in the Oral Cultures. Luisa Del Giudice and Gerald Porter. eds. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2001. 217 pp.
No One Home: Brazilian Selves Remade in Japan
Authors: Borovoy Amy
Published: December 2004

No One Home: Brazilian Selves Remade in Japan. Daniel Touro Linger. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 342 pp.
Rebirth of the Blackfeet Nation, 1912–1954
Authors: Kehoe Alice B.
Published: December 2004

Rebirth of the Blackfeet Nation, 1912–1954. Paul C. Rosier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. 352 pp.
Dresden: Paradoxes of Memory and History
Authors: Linke Uli
Published: December 2004

Dresden: Paradoxes of Memory and History. Elizabeth A.Ten Dyke. New York: Routledge, 2001. 316 pp.
Embracing and expanding the margins of adult education
Authors: Wise Meg , Glowacki‐Dudka Michelle
Published: December 2004

This chapter discusses multiple challenges and pathways to address the margins of adult education and poses question for future consideration.
Experimental Design to Study the Effect of APS Process Parameters on Friction Behaviour of Alumina‐Titania Coatings
Authors: Guessasma S. , Bounazef M.
Published: December 2004

A factorial design was considered to study the effect of APS energetic and injection parameters on friction coefficient of alumina – titania coating. A first analysis suggested that wear resistance improvement was related to those conditions decreasing spray temperature and increasing in‐flight powder particle velocity before substrate impingement.
Substructure Analysis in Heavily Deformed Materialsby Diffraction Methods
Authors: Klimanek P. , Klemm V. , Motylenko M. , Romanov A. E.
Published: December 2004

Plastic deformation of metallic materials up to large strains is, in many cases, characterised by the activation of different deformation modes and the formation of complicated, locally inhomogeneous substructures, which give rise to both significant lattice strains and rotations. A suitable tool for the investigation of the microstructures is a combination of diffraction techniques as, for instance, electron microscopy (TEM; EBSD) and X‐ray diffractometry. In order to demonstrate the potential of the diffraction analysis the following procedures are considered: Evaluation of radial and azimuthal broadening of X‐ray diffraction peaks, EBSD analysis of block structures, and TEM identification of disclination arrangements in compressed Fe–Si and Ni single crystals.
Poled Sol–Gel Materials With Heterocycle Push–Pull Chromophores that Confer Enhanced Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity
Authors: Brusatin G. , Abbotto A. , Beverina L. , Pagani G. A. , Casalboni M. , Sarcinelli F. , Innocenzi P.
Published: December 2004

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials doped with zwitterionic push–pull chromophores with high hyperpolarizability have been synthesized by a sol–gel procedure. A large chromophore concentration was reached by using N‐(hydroxyethyl)carbazole as a physical spacer (preventing the dye aggregation). Spin‐coated doped films were electrically poled and second harmonic generation measurements performed in situ. During the thermally assisted poling under a N2 atmosphere, only the carbazole molecules degraded. Second‐harmonic generation measurements gave an estimation of the nonlinear coefficient, r33, of 38 pm V–1 at 1064 nm.
Electronic Interaction in an Outer‐Sphere Mixed‐Valence Double Salt: A Polarized Neutron Diffraction Study of K3(MnO4)2.
Authors: Sowrey Frank E. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The 500 °C Isothermal Section of the Nd—Al—Ti Ternary System.
Authors: Zhou Huaiying , Yao Qingrong , Yuan Songliu
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Noncentrosymmetric Chain Compounds, A3M2AsSe11 (A: K, Rb, Cs; M: Nb, Ta).
Authors: Do Junghwan , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Copper Halides with Novel D6R Cu6I6 Cores.
Authors: Li Guanghua , Shi Zhan , Liu Xiaomin , Dai Zhimin , Feng Shouhua
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Proline‐Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Aminoxylation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Sumiya Tatsunobu , Hibino Kazuhiro , Shoji Mitsuru
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Intramolecular Temporary Silicon‐Tethered Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4 + 2 + 2] Cycloisomerization Reactions: Regiospecific Incorporation of Substituted 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Baum Erich W.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of σ‐Donating Ability of a 9‐Phosphatriptycene and Its Application to Catalytic Reactions.
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Kobayashi Junji , Kawashima Takayuki
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Desulfurization of Epithio Derivatives of Isomeric Aleuritic Acid and Their Corresponding Dihydroxy Dioic Acids.
Authors: Majee R. N. , Yadav S. K. S.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
TAME‐Hex A — A Novel Bifunctional Chelating Agent for Radioimmunoimaging.
Authors: Arslantas Enver , Smith‐Jones Peter M. , Ritter Gerd , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Removal of Thiazolidinethione Auxiliaries with Benzyl Alcohol Mediated by DMAP.
Authors: Wu Yikang , Sun Ya‐Ping , Yang Yong‐Qing , Hu Qi , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Enantioselective Allylic Etherification with Phenols Catalyzed by Chiral Ruthenium Bisoxazoline Complexes.
Authors: Mbaye Mbaye D. , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Demerseman Bernard , Bruneau Christian
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potent and Selective P2—P3 Ketoamide Inhibitors of Cathepsin K with Good Pharmacokinetic Properties via Favorable P1′, P1, and/or P3 Substitutions.
Authors: Catalano John G. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of O‐Alkylhydroxamic Acids Using 2‐Acylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones in Water.
Authors: Kim Jeum‐Jong , Park Yong‐Dae , Cho Su‐Dong , Kim Ho‐Kyun , Kang Young‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. R. , Shiro Motoo , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile, Efficient and Chemoselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Vinylidenehydrofurans into Valuable Functionalized 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Wavrin Laurence , Nicolas Cyril , Viala Jacques , Rodriguez Jean
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
7‐Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐benzofurans as ERβ Selective Ligands.
Authors: Collini Michael D. , Kaufman David H. , Manas Eric S. , Harris Heather A. , Henderson Ruth A. , Xu Zhang B. , Unwalla Rayomand J. , Miller Chris P.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Route to Annulated Oligothiophenes.
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Sumerin Viktor V. , Chernichenko Konstantin Yu. , Balenkova Elizabeth S.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silica‐Supported 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DBH) as a Useful Reagent for Microwave‐Assisted Aromatization of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazolines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Maleki Behrooz
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Part 10. Chemoselective O‐Alkylation of 3(2H)‐Oxoisothiazole‐1,1‐dioxides with the Use of Rh(II)‐Carbenoids.
Authors: Schulze B. , Nikolaev Vs. V. , Hennig L. , Rodina L. L. , Sieler J. , Nikolaev V. A.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles from Aldehyde Hydrazones.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Nagakura Kazuko , Nakajima Yasutaka , Kubo Kento , Shioji Kosei
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Aryl and 2‐Alkylbenzothiazoles on Silica Gel under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Kodomari Mitsuo , Tamaru Yoshimi , Aoyama Tadashi
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines via the Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction of Acyclic Ketene‐S,S‐acetals.
Authors: Sun Shaoguang , Liu Yingchun , Liu Qun , Zhao Yulong , Dong Dewen
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Approach to (5S,6R)‐6‐Alkyl‐5‐benzyloxy‐2‐piperidinones: Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of Neurokinin Substance P Receptor Antagonist (‐)‐L‐733,061 and (‐)‐Deoxocassine.
Authors: Liu Liang‐Xian , Ruan Yuan‐Ping , Guo Zheng‐Qing , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Derivatives of 8‐Cyano‐6‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine and 9‐Alkoxycarbonyl (or 9‐Carboxy)‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐10H‐benzo [b]‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐5‐one from the Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐6‐methylnicotinonitrile with Amino Acids.
Authors: Deyanov A. B. , Konshin M. E.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 41. An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano‐ and Furoquinolines Employing Two Reusable Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Authors: Srinivas K. V. N. S. , Das Biswanath
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Aryl Radical Cyclization: Access to Pyrimidine‐Anellated Spiro Heterocycles Through 5‐exo Ring Closure.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Mukhopadhyay P. P.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of Bihetaryl Compounds.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Yamashita Keiko , Azuma Mayumi , Adachi Tomoko , Tamura Mina , Ariga Masahiro
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CDK1‐Inhibitory Activity of Paullones Depends on Electronic Properties of 9‐Substituents.
Authors: Pies Tanja , Schaper Klaus‐Juergen , Leost Maryse , Zaharevitz Daniel W. , Gussio Rick , Meijer Laurent , Kunick Conrad
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Potential Metabolites of (S)‐(‐)‐Bromofosfamide.
Authors: Misiura K.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Isomerization of Isoborneols and Dehydroisoborneols to New Chiral Building Blocks in Terpenoids Synthesis.
Authors: Rueedi Georg , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unusual Domino Retro‐Ene—Conia Reaction: Regio‐ and Stereoselective One‐Carbon Ring Expansion of Fenchol Derivatives.
Authors: Rueedi Georg , Laikov Dimitri N. , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Derivatives of 20‐Hydroxyecdysone. Viticosterone E Synthesis.
Authors: Galyautdinov I. V. , Nazmeeva S. R. , Savchenko R. G. , Ves'kina N. A. , Nedopekin D. V. , Fatykhov A. A. , Khalilov L. M. , Odinokov V. N.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Short‐Step Synthesis of (2S,3R)‐3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylproline, a Component of Polyoxypeptins, Using a Tandem Michael—Aldol Reaction and Optical Resolution.
Authors: Makino Kazuishi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Total Synthesis of Optically Active Tetrodotoxin.
Authors: Nishikawa Toshio , Urabe Daisuke , Isobe Minoru
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spontaneous Formation of Inorganic Paper‐Like Materials.
Authors: Yuan Jikang , Laubernds Kate , Villegas Josanlet , Gomez Sinue , Suib Steven L.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multimetallic Cooperative Activation of N2
Authors: Gambarotta Sandro , Scott Jennifer
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Deprotonative Functionalization of Aromatics with Phosphazene Base
Authors: Imahori Tatsushi
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Drug Delivery System for Intrathecal Administration and Its Therapeutic Effect on Cerebral Vasospasm and Ischemia
Authors: Ishida Tatsuhiro
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lanthanoid Alkylidene and Imido Complexes
Authors: Giesbrecht Garth R. , Gordon John C.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Arylsulfur Pentafluoride Pesticides and Their Relative Activities Compared to the Trifluoromethyl Analogues
Authors: Crowley Patrick J. , Mitchell Glynn , Salmon Roger , Worthington Paul A.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum Oxide (Alumina)
Authors: Tsuboi S.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum Compounds—Product Subclass 1: Zerovalent Aluminum and Its Alloys
Authors: Saito S.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclosporine: Advantages versus Disadvantages vis‐a‐vis Tacrolimus
Authors: Maes B. D. , Vanrenterghem Y. F. Ch.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Tetrasilabuta‐1,3‐diene and Related Compounds with Conjugated Multiple Bonds
Authors: Weidenbruch Manfred
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Short‐lived Intermediates with Double Bonds to Silicon: Synthesis by Flash Vacuum Thermolysis, and Spectroscopic Characterization
Authors: Beckers H.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and Transformations of 1‐(α‐Aminobenzyl)‐2‐naphthol Derivatives
Authors: Szatmari Istvan , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arynes
Authors: Winkler Michael , Wenk Hans Henning , Sander Wolfram
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Encapsulation in Self‐Assembling Capsules
Authors: Schalley Christoph A. , Rebek Julius Jr.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantifying Intermolecular Interactions: Guidelines for the Molecular Recognition Toolbox
Authors: Hunter Christopher A.
Published: December 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Developmental expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their potential role in the histogenesis of the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Ayoub Albert E. , Cai Tian‐Quan , Kaplan Rebecca A. , Luo Jia
Published: December 2004

The development of the cerebellar cortex depends on intrinsic genetic programs and orchestrated cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play an important role in these interactions. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are involved in diverse neuronal functions including migration, process extension, and synaptic plasticity. We investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of expression/activity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 in the developing cerebellum and their role in the histogenesis of the cerebellar cortex. The levels of transcripts of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 were measured with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An initial decrease in MMP‐2/MMP‐9 transcripts was observed between postnatal days 3 (PD3) and PD6, and the mRNA levels remained relatively constant thereafter. Zymographic analysis revealed that the expression/activity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 persisted longer than their transcripts; the downregulation occurred around PD9, suggesting a mechanism of translational or post‐translational regulation. The gelatinase activity was localized in the external granule layer (EGL) and the internal granule layer during PD3–PD12. The immunoreactivity of MMP‐2 was mainly localized in the EGL, the Bergmann glial fibers, and the Purkinje cell layer (PCL), whereas MMP‐9 immunoreactivity was detected intensively in the PCL and the extracellular space of the molecular layer. Expression of MMP‐9 was relatively weak in the EGL. The immunoreactivity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 became undetectable after PD21. A similar expression pattern of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 was observed in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. Exposure of organotypic slices to a specific MMP‐2/MMP‐9 inhibitor significantly increased the thickness of the EGL and concurrently decreased the number of migrating granule neurons in the molecular layer. Thus, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 play a role in the postnatal cerebellar morphogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:403–415, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one glomerulus in Xenopus laevis tadpole olfactory bulb
Authors: Nezlin Leonid P. , Schild Detlev
Published: December 2004

An essential step in the coding of odorants is the way olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) convey their information to the olfactory bulb. This projection determines how the specificities of OSNs are mapped onto the spatial activity patterns of the olfactory bulb (OB). Despite the fact that virtually nothing is known about how individual OSN axons project to glomeruli, it is generally believed that OSNs always project to one glomerulus each. Our recent findings in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis challenge this view. By injection of a tracer into individual OSNs, we show for the first time that axons typically project into more than one glomerulus and that they do so in a characteristic way. Upon entering the olfactory bulb, an axon bifurcates to give two primary branches. Each of these branches bifurcates again to give two subbranches, thus resulting in four subbranches per OSN. The two subbranches of each primary branch project into two different glomeruli. Variations of this characteristic innervation pattern include the innervation of three and, occasionally, one glomerulus. In any case, and independent of the number of glomeruli innervated by an OSN, each glomerulus receives at least two axonal branches of the same OSN. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:233–239, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal pentraxin with chromo domain (NPCD) is a novel class of protein expressed in multiple neuronal domains
Authors: Chen Bo , Bixby John L.
Published: December 2004

The receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO is involved in axon guidance, but its intracellular signaling mechanisms are unknown. Signals generated through PTPRO must involve interaction of the intracellular domain with substrates and/or signaling proteins. By screening for proteins interacting with PTPRO's intracellular domain, we have identified a new class of cytoplasmic protein. This novel protein, NPCD (Neuronal Pentraxin with Chromo Domain), has multiple cytoplasmic isoforms generated by alternative splicing that are selectively expressed in neurons. These cytoplasmic NPCD isoforms are composed of a neuronal pentraxin domain (formerly thought exclusively extracellular) linked to a chromo domain (formerly thought exclusively nuclear); this protein motif organization is unprecedented. NPCD isoforms are expressed in numerous regions of the central nervous system, where they are present in distinct subcellular arrangements in different brain regions. NPCD isoforms are mainly associated with the inner side of the plasma membrane in brain neurons and rat PC12 cells in vitro; they are present in cell bodies, processes, and growth cones. The biochemical complexity and neuronal expression pattern of NPCD, together with its interaction with PTPRO, suggests involvement in multiple neuronal processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:391–402, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab Initio Study of Free‐Radical Polymerizations: Cost‐Effective Methods to Determine the Reaction Rates
Authors: Van Speybroeck V. , Van Cauter K. , Coussens B. , Waroquier M.
Published: December 2004

The addition of carbon‐centered radicals to ethene, which are important in free‐radical polymerization processes, are studied from a theoretical point of view. Experimental data for the rate constants are only available for the addition of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl radicals. The latter reactions are taken as model systems to derive a cost‐effective method for the addition of alkyl radicals to ethene. The proposed model must be accurate and computationally feasible for additions in which larger radicals are involved. Accuracy is validated by direct comparison of theoretical and experimental rate constants in the temperature range from 300 to 600 K. A variety of electronic‐structure methods were tested ranging from Hartree–Fock and post‐Hartree–Fock methods to pure and hybrid density functional theory methods. Molecular partition functions were refined by treating large amplitude vibrations beyond the harmonic oscillator approximation.
Oligomer‐to‐Polymer Transition in Short Ethylene Glycol Chains Connected to Mobile Hydrophobic Anchors
Authors: Tanaka Motomu , Rehfeldt Florian , Schneider Matthias F. , Gege Christian , Schmidt Richard R. , Funari Sérgio S.
Published: December 2004

We studied the structure of short ethylene glycol (EG) chains with N repeating units (EGN, N=3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) connected to hydrophobic dihexadecyl chains by means of a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). These synthetic amphiphiles dispersed in water form planar lamellar stacks and hexagonal cylinders confining the EG chains to restricted geometries. Owing to the self‐assembly of the anchoring points, the lateral density of EG chains in planar lamella can be quantitatively controlled. Furthermore, the chain‐melting phase transition of the anchors enables us to “switch” the intermolecular distance reversibly. SAXS/WAXS results suggest that the shorter EG chains (N=3, 6, and 9) assume a helical conformation in stacks of planar lamella. When the EG chains are further elongated (N=12 and 15), the lamellar periodicities cannot be explained by a linear extrapolation of shorter oligomers, but can be interpreted well as polymer brushes following the scaling theorem. Such rich phase behaviors of EGN molecules can be used as a simple model of oligo/poly‐saccharide chains on cell surfaces, which act not only as flexible repellers between neighboring cells but also as stable spacers for functional ligands.
Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase fails to induce a mutator phenotype in the human pre‐B cell line Nalm‐6
Authors: Rückerl Florian , Bachl Jurgen
Published: December 2004

Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) plays a key role in the induction of somatic hypermutation and class switching at the immunoglobulin loci of B lymphocytes. AID overexpression can induce a mutator phenotype in lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell lines, suggesting that AID by itself is sufficient to trigger hypermutation and class switching. AID expression in vivo is considered to be restricted to germinal center B lymphocytes, yet AID expression is also seen in many B cell lymphomas, hinting at a potential role for the development of these malignancies. We used a GFP‐based reversion assay to efficiently evaluate the activation of mutator phenotypes. As expected, AID overexpression in the human Burkitt lymphoma cell line BL70 caused hypermutation. Surprisingly, AID overexpression in the human pre‐B cell line Nalm‐6 failed to induce a detectable mutator phenotype, indicating that Nalm‐6 cells are probably lacking an essential factor(s) to confer AID‐induced mutagenesis. This finding supports the concept that AID overexpression by itself must not automatically lead to the onset of a mutator phenotype. In addition, treating Nalm‐6 transfectants with thymidine, a potential mutagenic drug, caused profound mutation rates on the GFP transgene. Thus, the GFP‐based mutation assay might prove a powerful tool to study protein‐ and chemical‐induced mutator phenotypes in cell lines.
UNC‐119 homolog required for normal development of the zebrafish nervous system
Authors: Manning Angela G. , Crawford Bryan D. , Waskiewicz Andrew J. , Pilgrim David B.
Published: December 2004

The UNC‐119 proteins, found in all metazoans examined, are highly conserved at both the sequence and functional levels. In the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, unc‐119 genes are expressed pan‐neurally. Loss of function of the unc‐119 gene in C. elegans results in a disorganized neural architecture and paralysis. The function of UNC‐119 proteins has been conserved throughout evolution, as transgenic expression of the human UNC119 gene in C. elegans unc‐119 mutants restores a wild‐type phenotype. However, the nature of the conserved molecular function of UNC‐119 proteins is poorly understood. Although unc‐119 genes are expressed throughout the nervous system of the worm and fly, the analysis of these genes in vertebrates has focused on their function in the photoreceptor cells of the retina. Here we report the characterization of an unc‐119 homolog in the zebrafish. The Unc119 protein is expressed in various neural tissues in the developing zebrafish embryo and larva. Morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)‐mediated knockdown of Unc119 protein results in a “curly tail down” phenotype. Examination of neural patterning demonstrates that these “curly tail down” zebrafish experience a constellation of neuronal defects similar to those seen in C. elegans unc‐119 mutants: missing or misplaced cell bodies, process defasciculation, axon pathfinding errors, and aberrant axonal branching. These findings suggest that UNC‐119 proteins may play an important role in the development and/or function of the vertebrate nervous system. genesis 40:223–230, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategic planning and budgeting to achieve core missions
Authors: Haberaecker Heather J.
Published: December 2004

A new strategic plan, an additional one hundred faculty members, a new financial model, an incentive compensation plan, a new $200 million research building, closing one professional school and repositioning assets to help another, redirecting net revenues from two parking garages, and a building renewal and replacement plan‐all are outcomes of a strategic planning and budgeting process.
Beyond the rhetoric of visitor management in transboundary protected areas: the case of Peneda–Geres
Authors: Hewlett Denise , Fyall Alan , Edwards Jon
Published: December 2004

Although the objectives for transboundary protected areas are often clear, in practice the development and management of these areas, particularly for tourism, are complex. Often explained, in part, by cultural and political differences evident among border partners, this complexity adds to the challenge of managing these often pristine natural areas for tourism. Through a case‐study of Peneda–Geres National Park, Northern Portugal, which forms part of the Transfrontier Park of Geres–Xures, and which encompasses the Natural Park of Baixa–Limia Serra do Xures of Galicia, Spain, this paper sets out to explore the effectiveness of transboundary partnerships for purposes of visitor management in transboundary protected areas. The paper introduces 12 core guidelines, developed by the authors, for transboundary visitor management and highlights the range of constraints and limitations that impede effective visitor management. Thereafter, the paper compares and contrasts the 12 core guidelines with the visitor management ‘actions’ and ‘decisions’, and their underlying rationale, taken by the transboundary protected area authorities of the Transfrontier Park of Geres–Xures. The paper concludes with an assessment of the success to date of the Portuguese authorities in their attempts to meet the core guidelines. Subsequently, a preliminary assessment as to the implementation of further guidelines for the future is conducted. A Portuguese perspective is emphasised throughout this paper, owing to recent developments in Portuguese National Policy aimed towards the promotion of nature‐based tourism, efforts in the establishment and embetterment of a network of Protected Areas and the political and economic importance of cross‐border activities for northern Portugal and Galicia, Spain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.