bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land–Ocean Asymmetry of Tropical Precipitation Changes in the Mid-Holocene
Authors: Hsu Yang-Hui , Chou Chia , Wei Kuo-Yen
Published: June 2010

A series of model experiments were conducted using an intermediate ocean–atmosphere–land model for a better understanding of a distinct land–sea asymmetry in tropical precipitation differences between the mid-Holocene and preindustrial climates. In austral (boreal) summer, most reduced (enhanced) precipitation occurs over continental convective regions, while most enhanced (reduced) precipitation occurs over oceanic convection zones. This land–sea asymmetry of tropical precipitation is particularly clear in austral summer. During the mid-Holocene, the solar forcing presents both spatial and seasonal asymmetric patterns. While the boreal summer insolation is stronger at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-Holocene than at present, the austral summer insolation is weaker with a more spatially symmetric distribution about the equator. Because of the slow response time of the ocean to forcing, the direct insolation forcing of the current season is cancelled by the ocean memory of an earlier insolation forcing, which in the case of the mid-Holocene is opposite to the current season insolation forcing. As a result, tropical sea surface temperature variation, as well as the tropical atmospheric temperature and moisture changes, is small, which gives rise to a different precipitation response from under the condition of stronger atmospheric temperature and moisture changes, such as in the case of postindustrial global warming induced by an increased concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Thus, the cancellation between the direct and memory effects of the seasonally asymmetric insolation forcing leaves the net energy into the atmosphere to be responsible for the land–sea asymmetry of tropical precipitation changes.
Theology as Improvisation: Seeking the Unstructured Form of Theology with David Tracy
Authors: Crawford Nathan
Published: June 2010

This article holds that theology is improvisation, as both theology and improvisation use a similar logic. The argument consists of three steps. First, the article critiques current theological aesthetics for the inability to think through the implications of using the theological notion of the Infinite when referring to God. By necessity the language ends up collapsing under its own weight. I argue that we need a new form for thinking theologically and I propose the form of improvisation. I then turn to improvisation because of its propensity to pursue the unstructured, the formless. I argue that this is a similar logic to what must be used in theology. Lastly, I turn to the work of David Tracy to articulate what theology as improvisation may entail. I argue that with Tracy’s articulation of the fragment, we see the improvisational nature of theology.
Disproportionality and Learning Disabilities: Parsing Apart Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Language
Authors: Shifrer Dara , Muller Chandra , Callahan Rebecca
Published: June 2010

The disproportionate identification of learning disabilities among certain sociodemographic subgroups, typically groups that are already disadvantaged, is perceived as a persistent problem within the education system. The academic and social experiences of students who are misidentified with a learning disability may be severely restricted, whereas students with a learning disability who are never identified are less likely to receive the accommodations and modifications necessary to learn at their maximum potential. The authors use the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 to describe national patterns in learning disability identification. Results indicate that sociodemographic characteristics are predictive of identification with a learning disability. Although some conventional areas of disproportionality are confirmed (males and language minorities), differences in socioeconomic status entirely account for African American and Hispanic disproportionality. The discrepancy between the results of bivariate and multivariate analyses confirms the importance of employing multivariate multilevel models in the investigation of disproportionality.
Conceptualising Sustainability in UK Urban Regeneration: a Discursive Formation
Authors: Rachel Lombardi D. , Porter Libby , Barber Austin , Rogers Chris D.F.
Published: June 2010

Despite the wide usage and popular appeal of the concept of sustainability in UK policy, it does not appear to have challenged the status quo in urban regeneration because policy is not leading in its conceptualisation and therefore implementation. This paper investigates how sustainability has been conceptualised in a case-based research study of the regeneration of Eastside in Birmingham, UK, through policy and other documents, and finds that conceptualisations of sustainability are fundamentally limited. The conceptualisation of sustainability operating within urban regeneration schemes should powerfully shape how they make manifest (or do not) the principles of sustainable development. Documents guide, but people implement regeneration— and the disparate conceptualisations of stakeholders demonstrate even less coherence than policy. The actions towards achieving sustainability have become a policy ‘fix’ in Eastside: a necessary feature of urban policy discourse that is limited to solutions within market-based constraints.
Electrical safety and touch voltage design
Authors: Barrett M. , O'Connell K. , Sung CMA
Published: June 2010

The provision of safe and reliable means to afford protection against electric shock in the built environment is deemed one of the most important design elements for electrical services engineers who design low voltage electrical installations to conform to BS7671: 2008 (17th edition IEE Wiring Regulations) and ET 101:2008. The fact that, domestic properties rank as one of the leading locations for electrical injury and death, and domestic electrical installations lack routine inspection and scheduled maintenance in a European environment where an ageing housing stock exists in many countries, highlights the growing concerns for domestic electrical safety. However, by performing a value-engineering design through the implementation of residual current devices and a ‘low touch voltage’ design, a higher level of domestic electrical safety can be attained. Practical application: The ‘touch voltage simulator’ Excel application presented is a powerful tool for designers and installers of low voltage electrical installations to test and evaluate the resulting touch voltage for various design parameters. It can also be used to identify the sensitivity of resulting touch voltages to any variations in the four main design parameters U OC, Ze, R1 and R2. The ‘interactive touch voltage charts’ can plot interactive graphs, which can be used as visual aids for engineers to ascertain how the touch voltage could fluctuate with variations in the major design parameters at the design stage.
Controlling for Selection Effects in the Relationship Between Child Behavior Problems and Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Emery Clifton R.
Published: June 2010

This article used the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) data to examine the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child behavior problems (externalizing and internalizing), truancy, grade repetition, smoking, drinking, and use of marijuana. Longitudinal data analysis was conducted on 1,816 primary caregivers and their children. Fixed-effects regression models were employed to address concerns with selection bias. IPV was associated with significantly greater internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, and truancy. Findings from age interaction models suggested that the relationship between IPV and child behavior problems may attenuate as the age of the child at time of exposure increases.
Adult Attachment and Male Aggression in Couple Relationships: The Demand-Withdraw Communication Pattern and Relationship Satisfaction as Mediators
Authors: Fournier Benoit , Brassard Audrey , Shaver Phillip R.
Published: June 2010

This study examines men’s domestic aggression as a function of attachment insecurities, considering the mediating roles of the demand-withdraw communication pattern and relationship satisfaction. The sample included 55 Canadian men undergoing counseling for relationship difficulties including aggression. The men completed questionnaires assessing physical and psychological aggression, the two dimensions of attachment insecurity (anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy), the demand-withdraw communication pattern, relationship satisfaction, and social desirability (a control measure). As predicted, there was an association between attachment anxiety and aggression (both physical and psychological), which was mediated by the man demands/woman withdraws (MD/WW) pattern (as reported by the men). There was no evidence of mediation by the woman demands/man withdraws pattern, as reported by the men. Relationship satisfaction mediated the association between attachment anxiety and psychological (but not physical) aggression, but did not mediate the link between avoidance and aggression (physical or psychological). Limitations and clinical implications are discussed.
A relic of its own past: Mesopotamia in the British imagination 1900-14
Authors: Atia Nadia
Published: June 2010

For British travellers in the early 20th century, Mesopotamia was a place replete with cultural references. As they traversed the region, Britons saw the remnants of Mesopotamia’s ancient history and civilizations all around them, but they found it difficult to understand how a land that they understood to be the progenitor of their own ‘western’ civilization could now appear to them to be poor and ‘primitive’. In order to cope with the incongruence between ancient Mesopotamia - the object of their nostalgic desire - and their experiences of contemporary Mesopotamia, travellers engaged in a two-fold process of acquisition. On one level of this process, artefacts of archaeological significance were transported to European museums. On another level, those elements of Mesopotamia’s history that were seen to be progenitors of a ‘western civilization’ were understood to be exclusively a part of a ‘western’, rather than an ‘eastern’, or Mesopotamian cultural heritage.
Nickel–titanium wire as a flexor tendon suture material: an ex vivo study
Authors: Karjalainen T. , Göransson H. , Viinikainen A. , Jämsä T. , Ryhänen J.
Published: June 2010

Nickel–titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi) is a new suture material that is easy to handle, is strong, and biocompatible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the material properties and biomechanical behaviour of 150 µm and 200 µm NiTi wires in flexor tendon repair. Braided polyester (4-0 Ethibond®) was used as control. Fifty fresh-frozen porcine flexor tendons were repaired using the Pennington modification of the Kessler repair or a double Kessler technique. NiTi wires were stiffer and reached higher tensile strength compared to braided polyester suture. Repairs with 200 µm NiTi wire had a higher yield force, ultimate force and better resistance to gapping than 4-0 braided polyester repairs. Repairs made with 200 µm NiTi wire achieved higher stiffness and ultimate force than repairs made with 150 µm NiTi wire.
Eosinophil differentiation in the bone marrow is inhibited by T cell–derived IFN-γ
Authors: de Bruin Alexander M. , Buitenhuis Miranda , van der Sluijs Koenraad F. , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , Boon Louis , Nolte Martijn A.
Published: June 2010

To explore whether and how T cells can affect myelopoiesis, we investigated myeloid differentiation in a model for T cell-mediated immune activation. We found that CD70-transgenic (CD70TG) mice, which have elevated numbers of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–producing effector T cells in the periphery and bone marrow, are almost devoid of eosinophilic granulocytes. Induction of allergic airway inflammation in these mice failed to induce eosinophilia as well as airway hyperresponsiveness. CD70TG mice also have strongly reduced numbers of eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors, whereas granulocyte/macrophage progenitors from these mice are unable to generate eosinophils in vitro. We found that granulocyte/macrophage progenitors express IFN-γR1 and that IFN-γ is sufficient to inhibit eosinophil differentiation of both murine and human progenitor cells in vitro. We demonstrate that inhibition of eosinophil development in CD70TG mice is IFN-γ–dependent and that T cell–derived IFN-γ is sufficient to inhibit eosinophil formation in vivo. Finally, we found that IFN-γ produced on anti-CD40 treatment and during viral infection can also suppress eosinophil formation in wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that IFN-γ inhibits the differentiation of myeloid progenitors to eosinophils, indicating that the adaptive immune system plays an important role in orchestrating the formation of the appropriate type of myeloid cells during immune activation.
Highly active antiretroviral treatment against STLV-1 infection combining reverse transcriptase and HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Afonso Philippe V. , Mekaouche Mourad , Mortreux Franck , Toulza Frédéric , Moriceau Antoine , Wattel Eric , Gessain Antoine , Bangham Charles R. M. , Dubreuil Guy , Plumelle Yves , Hermine Olivier , Estaquier Jérome , Mahieux Renaud
Published: June 2010

Approximately 3% of all human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)–infected persons will develop a disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system known as HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, against which there is currently no efficient treatment. As correlation exists between the proviral load (PVL) and the clinical status of the carrier, it is thought that diminishing the PVL could prevent later occurrence of the disease. We have conducted a study combining valproate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, and azidothymidine, an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, in a series of baboons naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), whose PVL was equivalent to that of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers. We show that the combination of drugs caused a strong decrease in the PVL and prevented the transient rise in PVL that is seen after treatment with histone deacetylases alone. We then demonstrate that the PVL decline was associated with an increase in the STLV-1–specific cytotoxic T-cell population. We conclude that combined treatment with valproate to induce viral expression and azidothymidine to prevent viral propagation is a safe and effective means to decrease PVL in vivo. Such treatments may be useful to reduce the risk of HAM/TSP in asymptomatic carriers with a high PVL.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein promotes bacterial entrapment in clots and decreases mortality in a mouse model of sepsis
Authors: Shannon Oonagh , Rydengård Victoria , Schmidtchen Artur , Mörgelin Matthias , Alm Per , Sørensen Ole E. , Björck Lars
Published: June 2010

Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant bacterial pathogen in humans. In this study, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), an abundant plasma protein, was found to kill S pyogenes. Furthermore, S pyogenes grew more efficiently in HRG-deficient plasma, and clots formed in this plasma were significantly less effective at bacterial entrapment and killing. HRG-deficient mice were strikingly more susceptible to S pyogenes infection. These animals failed to control the infection at the local subcutaneous site, and abscess formation and inflammation were diminished compared with control animals. As a result, bacterial dissemination occurred more rapidly in HRG-deficient mice, and they died earlier and with a significantly higher mortality rate than control animals. HRG-deficient mice supplemented with purified HRG gave the same phenotype as control animals, demonstrating that the lack of HRG was responsible for the increased susceptibility. The results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for HRG as a regulator of inflammation and in the defense at the local site of bacterial infection.
Insecticidal activity of two proteases against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae infected with recombinant baculoviruses
Authors: Gramkow Aline Welzel , Perecmanis Simone , Sousa Raul Lima Barbosa , Noronha Eliane Ferreira , Felix Carlos Roberto , Nagata Tatsuya , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais
Published: June 2010

Background

Baculovirus comprise the largest group of insect viruses most studied worldwide, mainly because they efficiently kill agricutural insect pests. In this study, two recombinant baculoviruses containing the ScathL gene from Sarcophaga peregrina (vSynScathL), and the Keratinase gene from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (vSynKerat), were constructed. and their insecticidal properties analysed against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae.

Results

Bioassays of third-instar and neonate S. frugiperda larvae with vSynScathL and vSynKerat showed a decrease in the time needed to kill the infected insects when compared to the wild type virus. We have also shown that both recombinants were able to increase phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of S. frugiperda larvae. The expression of proteases in infected larvae resulted in destruction of internal tissues late in infection, which could be the reason for the increased viral speed of kill.

Conclusions

Baculoviruses and their recombinant forms constitute viable alternatives to chemical insecticides. Recombinant baculoviruses containing protease genes can be added to the list of engineered baculoviruses with great potential to be used in integrated pest management programs.
The role of F1 ATP synthase beta subunit in WSSV infection in the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Liang Yan , Cheng Jun-Jun , Yang Bing , Huang Jie
Published: June 2010

Background

Knowledge of the virus-host cell interaction could inform us of the molecular pathways exploited by the virus. Studies on viral attachment proteins (VAPs) and candidate receptor proteins involved in WSSV infection, allow a better understanding of how these proteins interact in the viral life cycle. In this study, our aim was to find some host cellular membrane proteins that could bind with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

Results

Two proteins were evident by using a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) with WSSV. A protein with molecular weight 53 kDa, named BP53, was analyzed in this study, which was homologous with the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit by mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR was performed to identify the full-length cDNA of the bp53 gene. The resulting full-length gene consisted of 1836 bp, encoding 525 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 55.98 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence contained three conserved domains of the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit. BP53 was therefore designated the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit of L. vannamei. The binding of WSSV to BP53 were also confirmed by competitive ELISA binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation on magnetic beads. To investigate the function of BP53 in WSSV infection, it was mixed with WSSV before the mixture was injected intramuscularly into shrimp. The resulting mortality curves showed that recombinant (r) BP53 could attenuate WSSV infection.

Conclusions

The results revealed that BP53 is involved in WSSV infection. Here is the first time showed the role of shrimp F1-ATP synthase beta subunit in WSSV infection.
Community treatment orders and their use in the UK
Authors: Taylor Mark
Published: June 2010

Despite the lack of supportive scientific evidence, the uptake of community treatment orders (CTOs) in England and Wales since their introduction in late 2008 has been higher than expected, although there has been a relative dearth of second opinion appointed doctors. In Scotland, CTOs now constitute about 30% of all long-term civil detentions, with lack of insight and lack of treatment adherence given as the major reasons for CTO use. Ethical considerations such as balancing autonomy against health needs will continue to be weighed by clinicians considering compulsory treatment in the community.
From inventory to benchmark: quality of psychiatric case registers in research
Authors: Morgan Vera A. , Jablensky Assen V.
Published: June 2010

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the use of psychiatric case registers for research purposes. Registers are a valuable data asset but there are no standard guidelines for evaluating their use in research. It is becoming increasingly important for researchers who use register data, and journal editors who publish their work, to set benchmarks to assess the quality of a register and its research application. Several criteria that could form the basis of such an evaluative framework are discussed. The discussion is illustrated using a Western Australian e-cohort of half a million children for whom we have assembled comprehensive data cross-linked across a number of administrative registers.
Co-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1 by NFκB and CREB links LPS-induced inflammation to mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Suliman Hagir B. , Sweeney Timothy E. , Withers Crystal M. , Piantadosi Claude A.
Published: June 2010

The nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) gene is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which might reflect TLR4-mediated mitigation of cellular inflammatory damage via initiation of mitochondrial biogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined NRF1 promoter regulation by NFκB, and identified interspecies-conserved κB-responsive promoter and intronic elements in the NRF1 locus. In mice, activation of Nrf1 and its downstream target, Tfam, by Escherichia coli was contingent on NFκB, and in LPS-treated hepatocytes, NFκB served as an NRF1 enhancer element in conjunction with NFκB promoter binding. Unexpectedly, optimal NRF1 promoter activity after LPS also required binding by the energy-state-dependent transcription factor CREB. EMSA and ChIP assays confirmed p65 and CREB binding to the NRF1 promoter and p65 binding to intron 1. Functionality for both transcription factors was validated by gene-knockdown studies. LPS regulation of NRF1 led to mtDNA-encoded gene expression and expansion of mtDNA copy number. In cells expressing plasmid constructs containing the NRF-1 promoter and GFP, LPS-dependent reporter activity was abolished by cis-acting κB-element mutations, and nuclear accumulation of NFκB and CREB demonstrated dependence on mitochondrial H2O2. These findings indicate that TLR4-dependent NFκB and CREB activation co-regulate the NRF1 promoter with NFκB intronic enhancement and redox-regulated nuclear translocation, leading to downstream target-gene expression, and identify NRF-1 as an early-phase component of the host antibacterial defenses.
Rapid Synthesis of Mesoporous SBA-16 Silica in Weakly Acidic Media
Authors: Wang Hua , Han Caiyun , Pu Hongping , Zhang Liuyi , Zou Zhaohua , Luo Yongming
Published: June 2010

Well-ordered mesoporous SBA-16 (with Im3m symmetry) has been synthesized within 6 h in weakly acidic media in the presence of phosphomolybdic acid and inorganic salts. The aforementioned materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, and TG-DTA.
Genome-wide computational identification and manual annotation of human long noncoding RNA genes
Authors: Jia Hui , Osak Maureen , Bogu Gireesh K. , Stanton Lawrence W. , Johnson Rory , Lipovich Leonard
Published: June 2010

Experimental evidence suggests that half or more of the mammalian transcriptome consists of noncoding RNA. Noncoding RNAs are divided into short noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We defined complementary DNAs (cDNAs) lacking any positive-strand open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 30 amino acids, as well as cDNAs lacking any evidence of interspecies conservation of their longer-than-30-amino acid ORFs, as noncoding. We have identified 5446 lncRNA genes in the human genome from ∼24,000 full-length cDNAs, using our new ORF-prediction pipeline. We combined them nonredundantly with lncRNAs from four published sources to derive 6736 lncRNA genes. In an effort to distinguish standalone and antisense lncRNA genes from database artifacts, we stratified our catalog of lncRNAs according to the distance between each lncRNA gene candidate and its nearest known protein-coding gene. We concurrently examined the protein-coding capacity of known genes overlapping with lncRNAs. Remarkably, 62% of known genes with “hypothetical protein” names actually lacked protein-coding capacity. This study has greatly expanded the known human lncRNA catalog, increased its accuracy through manual annotation of cDNA-to-genome alignments, and revealed that a large set of hypothetical-protein genes in GenBank lacks protein-coding capacity. In addition, we have developed, independently of existing NCBI tools, command-line programs with high-throughput ORF-finding and BLASTP-parsing functionality, suitable for future automated assessments of protein-coding capacity of novel transcripts.
Long-term survival of concurrent meniscus allograft transplantation and repair of the articular cartilage
Authors: Stone K. R. , Adelson W. S. , Pelsis J. R. , Walgenbach A. W. , Turek T. J.
Published: June 2010

We describe 119 meniscal allograft transplantations performed concurrently with articular cartilage repair in 115 patients with severe articular cartilage damage. In all, 53 (46.1%) of the patients were over the age of 50 at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was for 5.8 years (2 months to 12.3 years), with 25 procedures (20.1%) failing at a mean of 4.6 years (2 months to 10.4 years). Of these, 18 progressed to knee replacement at a mean of 5.1 years (1.3 to 10.4). The Kaplan-Meier estimated mean survival time for the whole series was 9.9 years (sd 0.4). Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of covariates on survival, with age at the time of surgery (p = 0.026) and number of previous operations (p = 0.006) found to be significant.

The survival of the transplant was not affected by gender, the severity of cartilage damage, axial alignment, the degree of narrowing of the joint space or medial versus lateral allograft transplantation. Patients experienced significant improvements at all periods of follow-up in subjective outcome measures of pain, activity and function (all p-values < 0.05), with the exception of the seven-year Tegner index score (p = 0.076).
Clostridium difficile in patients undergoing primary hip and knee replacement
Authors: Jenkins P. J. , Teoh K. , Simpson P. M. , Dave J. , Simpson A. H. W. R. , Breusch S.
Published: June 2010

Antibiotic prophylaxis is routinely administered during joint replacement surgery and may predispose patients to Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of this following joint replacement, using a cefuroxime-based regimen. Patients developing CDAD were compared with a control group of patients without CDAD. The incidence of the former was 1.7 per 1000 primary joint replacements. Those patients prescribed additional antibiotics had a higher incidence of CDAD (p = 0.047), but there was no difference between the two groups in relation to the use of gastroprotective agents (p = 0.703). A trial of a new prophylaxis regimen would require 43 198 patients in each arm to show a reduction of one case per 1000 procedures. Cefuroxime-based antibiotic prophylaxis is safe in patients undergoing primary elective joint replacement.
Randomised controlled trial comparing early migration of two collarless polished cemented stems using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: McCalden R. W. , Charron K. D. , Yuan X , Bourne R. B. , Naudie D. D. , MacDonald S. J.
Published: June 2010

This was a safety study where the hypothesis was that the newer-design CPCS femoral stem would demonstrate similar early clinical results and micromovement to the well-established Exeter stem. Both are collarless, tapered, polished cemented stems, the only difference being a slight lateral to medial taper with the CPCS stem. A total of 34 patients were enrolled in a single-blinded randomised controlled trial in which 17 patients received a dedicated radiostereometric CPCS stem and 17 a radiostereometric Exeter stem. No difference was found in any of the outcome measures pre-operatively or post-operatively between groups. At two years, the mean subsidence for the CPCS stem was nearly half that seen for the Exeter stem (0.77 mm (−0.943 to 1.77) and 1.25 mm (0.719 to 1.625), respectively; p = 0.032). In contrast, the mean internal rotation of the CPCS stem was approximately twice that of the Exeter (1.61° (−1.07° to 4.33°) and 0.59° (0.97° to 1.64°), respectively; p = 0.048). Other migration patterns were not significantly different between the stems. The subtle differences in designs may explain the different patterns of migration.

Comparable migration with the Exeter stem suggests that the CPCS design will perform well in the long term.
Perceptions of Practicing Pharmacists in Idaho about a Potential Behind-the-Counter Drug Program
Authors: Hunt Timothy L , Culbertson Vaughn L , Erramouspe John , Casperson Kerry
Published: June 2010

Background:

In late 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held public hearings exploring the establishment of a new behind-the-counter (BTC) drug program. However, little is known about the views ol pharmacists regarding such a program.

Objective:

To assess the overall perceptions of Idaho's practicing pharmacists about the creation of a formal BTC drug program, the appropriateness of including certain drug categories, specific barriers to its adoption, and the impact of the new program on access to medicines.

Methods:

A survey of practicing pharmacists in Idaho was conducted by mail, utilizing anonymous responses. Key questions exploring the views of pharmacists about the new BTC drug program utilized 5-point Likert scales. Data were also collected on respondent characteristics.

Results:

A total of 357 practicing pharmacists in Idaho (31% response rate) returned the mail survey; 84% of pharmacists agreed that the FDA should be exploring an expanded BTC program, and 88% of pharmacists agreed that this program would improve access to some prescription-only products and convenience (or patients. Almost 71% of pharmacists reported a personal willingness to both initiate and monitor certain BTC drug therapies. When focusing on specific drug categories for BTC status, the highest support was (or selected agents within smoking cessation therapies (85%). nasal corticosteroids for allergies (81%). and vaccines (75%). Pharmacists who reported low barriers to the adoption of a new BTC program were significantly more likely to support this program than were those reporting high barriers. Only 39% of pharmacists agreed that adequate facilities were currently available for private evaluation and counseling of BTC patients.

Conclusions:

Pharmacists in a statewide survey of perceptions regarding a new BTC drug program overwhelmingly believe that patients would benefit. Pharmacists strongly support the development of the new program, and more than two thirds indicate that they would likely participate, given the necessary supporting institutional framework. Perceived barriers are related to willingness to participate and likely can be minimized through education and provision of private consulting areas.
Paternal Smoking and Childhood Overweight: Evidence From the Hong Kong “Children of 1997”
Authors: Kwok Man Ki , Schooling C. Mary , Lam Tai Hing , Leung Gabriel M.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:

This study examined, in a non-Western sociohistorical context, whether prenatal or postnatal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for children of nonsmoking mothers was associated with higher childhood BMI, and it clarified whether the observed associations were biologically mediated or socioeconomically confounded.

METHODS:

A total of 6710 and 6519 children of nonsmoking mothers (N = 7924) with BMI data at ∼7 and ∼11 years, respectively, from a population-representative (N = 8327), Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort (“Children of 1997”), born in April or May 1997, were included in the analysis.

RESULTS:

Compared with no SHS exposure, daily paternal smoking increased mean BMI z scores, but not height, at 7 years (difference: 0.10 [95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.19]) and at 11 years (difference: 0.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.26]), with adjustment for gender, birth order, socioeconomic position, mother's place of birth, breastfeeding, serious morbidity, and pubertal status.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings, although preliminary, suggest that the association of paternal smoking with child overweight might be biologically mediated. Given the known harms of smoking, reducing SHS exposure from conception as a precautionary action for childhood overweight might be warranted.
Methadone-Induced Rigid-Chest Syndrome After Substantial Overdose
Authors: Lynch Robert E. , Hack Richard A.
Published: June 2010

We report here the case of an infant who developed life-threatening rigid-chest syndrome after receiving an accidental overdose of methadone. The child responded to narcotic reversal. Pediatric physicians should be aware of this possible complication.
Observações citolúgicas em Citrus: VI. Resultados preliminares do efeito da colchicina sôbre sementes em germinação
Authors: Bacchi Osvaldo
Published: June 2010

Salientamos, em linhas gerais, as possibilidades econômicas da triplcidia em Citrus. Citamos a constatação de um tetraplóide (2n = 36) e de um pentaplóide (2n = 45), que constituem os únicos poliplóides naturais por nós observados. Apresentamos, a seguir, as observações preliminares sôbre uma experiência de tratamento de sementes com a colchicina, para a obtenção de plantas poliplóides. Nos tratamentos efetuados não notamos qualquer influência da mesma sobre a percentagem de germinação. As contagens do número de cromosômios em pontas de raízes e as medições das áreas dos estornas nas fôlhas nos revelaram os seguintes resultados : 1) Das plantas examinadas, três (C.3, C.9 e C.15) têm raízes di-tetraplóides, e apresentam, a julgar pela área dos seus estornas, epiderme tetraplóide. 2) Uma outra planta, a C.12, além de hiperdiplóide, com 2n=19 (e 20?), apresentou uma raiz de natureza quimérica, pois em uma de suas células contamos, aproximadamente, 38 cromosômios somáticos ; a despeito dessa alteração cromosômica, não verificamos, nesta planta, qualquer modificação no tamanho dos seus estomas.
Mensuração da qualidade de serviço no varejo eletrônico e seu impacto sobre as intenções comportamentais
Authors: Vieira Valter Afonso
Published: June 2010

O construto qualidade de serviços tem sido amplamente pesquisado na literatura de Marketing em termos de antecedentes, consequentes, dimensões, e mensurações. No entanto, há uma carência na realização não somente de pesquisas sobre a qualidade dos serviços em varejo eletrônico, como também sobre a definição e a dimensionalidade do construto nesse ambiente. Sob esse pretexto, o trabalho buscou compreender mais a fundo o construto qualidade percebida no varejo eletrônico. Especificamente, este artigo teve por objetivo verificar empiricamente a estrutura da e-S-Qual no varejo eletrônico. Em termos de método, a amostra continha apenas pessoas que já compraram produtos/serviços no varejo eletrônico, sendo configurada como uma survey do tipo bola de neve por conveniência, perfazendo um total de 515 pessoas.
Reelection incentives and political budget cycle: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Klein Fabio Alvim
Published: June 2010

This article tests the presence of political budget cycle (PBC) in municipal elections in Brazil and checks whether mayors who adopt such policy have greater probability of reelection. Based on fiscal and electoral data of 5,406 Brazilian municipalities and applying the difference-in-differences econometric method as well as logistic regressions, the results provide some evidence of PBC in Brazil, although its magnitude and consistency varies depending on the years used as electoral and non-electoral years. On average, reelectable mayors spend close to 3% more in election years than nonreelectables. Moreover, reelectables who do run for reelection present a variation in spending which is close to 5% superior to that of non-reelectables and non-runners. Additionally, the results suggest that mayors who increase public spending during electoral periods have greater chances of being reelected, as long as such spending is done within deficit limits acceptable by voters.
Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans with the use of killer toxins
Authors: Scheid Liliane A. , Mario Débora A. Nunes , Heins-Vaccari Elizabeth Maria , Santurio Janio Morais , Alves Sydney Hartz
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to report the ability of killer toxins, previously used as biotyping techniques, as a new tool to differentiate C. albicans from C. dubliniensis. The susceptibility of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis to killer toxins ranged from 33.9 to 93.3% and from 6.67 to 93.3%, respectively.
Efeito da música no trabalho de parto e no recém-nascido
Authors: Tabarro Camila Sotilo , Campos Luciane Botinhon de , Galli Natália Oliveira , Novo Neil Ferreira , Pereira Valdina Marins
Published: June 2010

A música tem sido aplicada para o equilíbrio de energias alteradas pelo stress do mundo moderno. Este estudo objetivou verificar o efeito da música no trabalho de parto e no recém-nascido, quando submetido às mesmas melodias ouvidas por suas mães na gestação. Gestantes, usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, foram submetidas a sessões de sensibilização musical a partir do quinto mês de gestação. Durante o trabalho de parto, a parturiente foi submetida às melodias selecionadas por ela, com interrupções de 30 minutos a cada duas horas. Os dados foram coletados em três entrevistas realizadas após o parto, em diferentes momentos, e o discurso obtido foi analisado qualitativamente. Constatou-se, pelo conteúdo das falas, que a música minimizou os desconfortos do trabalho de parto e facilitou a adaptação do bebê nos primeiros meses de vida.
Aposentados com diabetes tipo 2 na Saúde da Família em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo - Brasil
Authors: Silva Laís Mara Caetano da , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Barbosa Guilherme Rodrigues , Protti Simone Terezinha , Ramos Aline da Silveira
Published: June 2010

O estudo objetivou caracterizar idosos aposentados com Diabetes tipo 2, usuários de um serviço de atenção primária, e contou com 43 sujeitos que atenderam a critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram obtidos em fontes primárias e secundárias, e analisados no programa SPSS 15.0. A média de idade foi 75,3 anos. Houve pouca participação em grupos comunitários e na prática de atividade física. Dezessete idosos utilizam a atenção primária. Doze homens aposentaram-se por tempo de serviço, e 12 mulheres recebem pensão. Níveis pressóricos apresentaram média de 130x80 mmHg e a Glicemia, média de 141 mg/dl. Orientações sobre dieta foram realizadas na sua maioria pelos médicos. São necessários novos estudos para avaliar os motivos que levam a baixa adesão a grupos e prática de atividade física. Sugere-se participação efetiva da equipe no controle do Diabetes e no incentivo à participação da família nos cuidados, visto que essa doença demanda gerenciamento de longo prazo.
Acidente ocupacional por material perfurocortante entre profissionais de saúde de um Centro Cirúrgico
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Cristina , Gonçalves Jacqueline de Almeida
Published: June 2010

O acidente ocupacional por material perfurocortante constitui uma preocupação para instituições e trabalhadores de saúde, devido à elevada frequência de procedimentos invasivos, e a dinâmica do trabalho. Objetivou-se identificar a incidência dos acidentes, dos materiais envolvidos, dos fatores contribuintes e das condutas tomadas pós-acidente. Participaram de um estudo transversal 127 funcionários do centro cirúrgico. Registraram-se 23,6% (30/127) acidentes com envolvimento de agulha (73,3%), lâmina de bisturi (6,7%) e eletrocautério (6,7%). Os fatores contribuintes para o acidente foram: falta de atenção (36,7%), más condições de trabalho (20,0%), descuido (13,3%), pressa (10%) e acaso/azar (6,7%). Somente 15,4% dos acidentes foram registrados. A subnotificação deveu-se à irrelevância do acidente, desconhecimento do protocolo de rotina, displicência e sobrecarga de trabalho. Os resultados alertam para a importância de se implementar estratégias para adoção/revisão de protocolos pós-acidentes, visando a redução dos acidentes e de sua subnotificação.
O efeito de intervenções educativas no conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre hipertensão arterial
Authors: Silva Stael Silvana Bagno Eleutério da , Colósimo Flávia Cortez , Pierin Angela Maria Geraldo
Published: June 2010

A hipertensão arterial é um dos principais fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, sendo grande a responsabilidade da enfermagem na atenção aos hipertensos. Objetivou-se, portanto, avaliar o conhecimento sobre hipertensão e seu tratamento com a equipe de enfermagem, antes e após onze intervenções educativas. Utilizou-se questionário abordando aspectos teóricos ligados ao conhecimento sobre hipertensão em enfermeiros (5), técnicos (2), auxiliares (11) e agentes comunitários (37), de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de São Paulo. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste T de Student, análise da variância e p<0,05. Verificou-se aumento no conhecimento após as intervenções educativas para o grupo formado por enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem (84,6±12,0% vs 92,7±15,0%, p<0,05), enquanto que para agentes comunitários de saúde não houve mudança significante (80,8±12,2% vs 83,5±24,0%). Portanto, conclui-se que as ações educativas foram efetivas e que devem ser implementadas junto à equipe de enfermagem, considerando que elas podem influenciar no aprimoramento da assistência às pessoas hipertensas.
Arquivos abertos e instrumentos de gestão da qualidade como recursos para a disseminação da informação científica em segurança e saúde no trabalho
Authors: Santos Erika Alves dos , Miraglia Simone Georges El Khouri
Published: June 2010

O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar a utilização da filosofia de arquivos abertos, aliada aos instrumentos de gestão da qualidade, PDCA e 5S, como um dos pilares para a gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho (SST). O método de pesquisa se constituiu no levantamento bibliográfico, juntamente com uma sessão de entrevistas com 23 profissionais ligados à gestão da SST, que permitiu o delineamento do grau de acesso e a percepção destes sobre a informação científica. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos questionários apontou a iniciativa de arquivos abertos, por meio da utilização de repositórios digitais de informações, como um instrumento de apoio à gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho, bem como identificou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas de incentivo à geração e compartilhamento do capital intelectual entre a comunidade em questão encorajando a construção de um repositório digital na área de SST, visando sobretudo à preservação da integridade física e mental do trabalhador. Constatou-se que a carência de informações disponíveis na área em questão ainda é uma barreira para a gestão do conhecimento organizacional, no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento do trabalho seguro e saudável nas organizações.
Variabilidade genética entre isolados de Colletotrichum gossypii do algodoeiro
Authors: Mehta Yeshwant R. , Mehta Angela
Published: June 2010

O algodoeiro é atacado por Colletotrichum gossypii (CG) e C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides (CGC). Ambos os patógenos são transmitidos pela semente e sua distinção morfológica é extremamente difícil e inconsistente. Tentativas foram feitas no presente trabalho para verificar a variabilidade genética entre CG e CGC através de RAPD-PCR, ERIC- e REP-PCR e PCR-RFLP da região ITS rDNA. Foram utilizados 53 isolados coletados de sementes e folhas de plantas de diferentes cultivares nos estados do Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, e Paraiba, entre 1999 e 2003. Baseado em testes de patogenicidade, vinte e um isolados foram classificados como CG e 32 como CGC. Os resultados obtidos por RAPD-PCR, utilizando-se oito primers, revelaram dois grupos distintos sendo que o primeiro foi formado por 94% dos isolados de sementes e o segundo por 95% dos isolados de folhas. Na análise de ERIC- e REP-PCR, resultados semelhantes a RAPD foram obtidos, sendo que o primeiro grupo foi formado por 93% dos isolados provenientes das sementes e o segundo por 78% dos isolados provenientes das folhas. Quando o produto de amplificação da região ITS rDNA foi digerido com oito enzimas de restrição, um perfil de bandas semelhante para todos os isolados foi obtido. Resultados de RAPD, ERIC- e REP-PCR demonstraram que existem diferenças genéticas entre os isolados provenientes das sementes e aqueles provenientes de parte aérea, e esses dois grupos foram claramente distintos. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados utilizando outras técnicas moleculares para a obtenção de marcadores capazes de distinguir entre isolados de CG e CGC.
Velocidade do ar em barra de pulverização na deposição da calda fungicida, severidade da ferrugem asiática e produtividade da soja
Authors: Prado Evandro Pereira , Raetano Carlos Gilberto , Aguiar Júnior Hélio Oliveira , Dal Pogetto Mário Henrique Ferreira do Amaral , Christovam Rafael de Souza , Gimenes Marcelo Júnior , Araújo Demétrius de
Published: June 2010

O trabalho objetivou comparar a deposição da pulverização e o controle da ferrugem asiática após o tratamento com fungicidas sob quatro velocidades da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização na cultura da soja. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na FCA/UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, safra 2006/07. Alvos artificiais foram fixados na superfície adaxial e abaxial de folíolos posicionados nas partes superior e inferior das plantas selecionadas e distribuídas perpendicularmente ao deslocamento do pulverizador. O oxicloreto de cobre (50% de cobre metálico) foi o marcador utilizado em pulverização e a determinação quantitativa dos depósitos feita com o uso de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Após a aplicação do fungicida piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole sob diferentes velocidades da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização (0, 9, 11 e 29 km h-1) procedeu-se a avaliação da severidade da doença e produtividade da soja. Na parte superior das plantas os maiores níveis de depósitos foram encontrados na pulverização sem assistência de ar. Já na parte inferior da planta foram encontrados os maiores níveis de deposição quando foram utilizadas as maiores velocidades da assistência de ar. No geral, a severidade da doença foi mais acentuada nos tratamentos sem o uso da assistência de ar. Em relação à produtividade não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos com aplicação de fungicidas, porém houve incremento na produtividade para os tratamentos com assistência de ar.