bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promising Health Benefits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea Buckthorn): A Miracle Plant
Authors: Mehta Madhuri , Gupta Vijayta , Kant Vinay , Varshneya Chandresh
Published: April 2022

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), a spiny bush plant native to Europe and Asia, have many nutritional and medicinal properties. All parts of this plant are rich source of bioactive components such as, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, sugar, organic acids and minerals. Various in vivo and in vitro studies on animals and human suggest that seabuckthorn has many beneficial effects as cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory, which reveals its medicinal and pharmacological properties. Seabuckthorn can be supplemented as nutraceuticals in animal feed to enhance its antioxidative potential, strengthen the immune system, which may help the organism to resist stress. To promote the large scale utilization of seabuckthorn, it would be worthwhile to perform more research on this plant.
Grey-Water Treatment and Reuse: A Review
Authors: Prashanna Rangan R. , Heenalisha K.
Published: April 2022

Globalization as well as Rapid industrialization had made an evil impact and led to the over usage of water, since it has been raised drastically in the last decade. This increase in water demand has led to a situation at which humans find difficulty in availing the water for their needs. There has been a great technological research been conducted on waste water recycling methods. Grey-water is a form of waste water, consisting of kitchen water, bathrooms, dish and cloth washers. Reusing of Grey-water has become a better choice, but since the amount of dissolved contents are unknown, it is mandatory to recycle before reuse. Since Grey-water is less in organic and BOD content and free from faecal matter for reproduction of bacteria, it could be recycled easily by adapting various techniques. The recycled water may be used for many regenerative purposes, say irrigating the agricultural lands, toilet flushings, home garden watering, etc. this paper aims in revolving the possible techniques that can be utilized for recycling the grey-water.
Microwave Assisted Rapid Extraction and Characterization of Coumarin from Fig Plant (Ficus carica)
Authors: Mohan Resmi , Vidhyalakshmi M. , Sivakumar Venkatasubramanian
Published: April 2022

Coumarins are fragrant natural bioactive organic compound find application as aroma, flavor and wide medicinal use. Fig plant (Ficus Carica) is a very good source of Coumarins. Coumarins are a member of the benzopyrone family and it has a benzene ring joined to a pyrone ring. There is a need for effective extraction and purification of Coumarins from plant materials. Different methods of extraction of Courmarin from Ficus Carica has been studied in this paper, among them, microwave extraction (180 W power) provided rapid extraction with 10 minutes time with extract yield of 0.67 g as compared to that of 1 hour of water bath extraction at 60C. Coumarin was isolated from the crude extract using NaOH and petroleum ether and their presence was characterized confirmed using UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, TLC and fluorescence test. The antibacterial activity of coumarin was also evaluated using disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibition Count (MIC). The present study analyzes and provides method of microwave assisted rapid extraction of Coumarin from Fig plant (Ficus Carica) and its characterization, which could be widely used as generic method from natural materials for different applications.
Applications of Nanoparticles Preparations on Wound: A New Approach for Wound Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Gupta Vijayta , Gupta Anuradha , Kant Vinay
Published: April 2022

Wound healing is an inherent physiological response that aids restore cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue. It is an intricate process and for a long time has been the subject of intense research. Impaired wound healing has resulted into socio-economical loss and decreased the quality of life of patient. So, there is always need to develop some alternative wound healing agent which can accelerate the healing mechanisms. The recent development of technology has provided a novel therapeutic modality in nanoparticles for use in wounds. Nanoparticles (NPs) are small entities that comprises of a hydroxyapatite core, which can bind ions, proteins, and other organic molecules from the surrounding environment. Nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic route for wound treatment in clinical practice. This article aims to review the wound healing activities of nanoparticles during the past years.
Thermodynamic Study of Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) Based Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
Authors: Wazeer Adil , Nagrath Vishwas , Mishra Harshit , Dubey Kaushalendra Kumar
Published: April 2022

Energy-Energy analysis of present vapour compression refrigeration system is done using isentropic fluid as refrigerants R134a.This thermodynamic analysis is carried out by 2nd law of thermodynamic approach in terms of COPII. The performance of the system both theoretical and actual experimental have been computed in summer condition. The results of proposed title explain the high-grade energy consumption by compressor with 1 TR of cooling effect. COPII indicates the actual energy output from the system in summer climate. Due to higher GWP and ODP of R22, R134a can be used for domestic / commercial and industrial applications.
Chemical Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles and Determination of its Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations against S. aureus and E. coli
Authors: Gupta Vijayta , Bhardbaj Monika , Gupta Annuradha , Verma Pawan K. , Vinay Kant
Published: April 2022

The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in the past few years is one of the main reasons behind increased incidences of antimicrobial resistance. The development of potent antibacterial agents to combat this problem is the need of present era. In view of this, in present study, cobalt (Co) nanoparticles were chemically synthesized by standard method. The synthesized Co nanoparticles were tested against the S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values of Co nanoparticles were determined against these bacterial strains on the day of Co nanoparticles synthesis and after their storage for 30 and 60 days. The Co nanoparticles showed antibacterial actions against S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains. The MIC values of fresh chemically synthesized Co nanoparticles in this study for S. aureus and E. coli were 140.0 μg/ml and 100.0 μg/ml, respectively. The MBC values of these nanoparticles for S. aureus and E. coli were 260.0 μg/ml and 220.0 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC and MBC values of Co nanoparticles increased on storage of its suspensions for 30 as well as 60 days. It might be considered as potent antibacterial candidate in future after some additional investigations.
Negligible Protection of Pancreas by Topical Curcumin in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wounded Rats
Authors: Kant Vinay , Kumar Dinesh , Gupta Vijayta , Jangir Babu L.
Published: April 2022

Damage or non-functioning of beta cells of Langerhans is lets of pancreas causes Type I diabetes. Curcumin, a bioflavonoid, have shown some tissue regenerative properties. It has shown a very good wound healing actions in diabetic animals after topical applications. In view of this, we planned to study the regenerative action of curcumin on damaged pancreas of diabetic rats after its topical applications on wounds. Damage of pancreas and induction of Type I diabetes in rats was achieved by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg b.wt.). Thereafter, open excisional wounds were created and wounded rats were divided into three groups viz. i) healthy control (non-diabetic), ii) Diabetic control and iii) Diabetic-treated. Pluronic F-127 gel (25%) was applied topically on wounds of group I and II once daily for 19 days. Curcumin (0.3%) in gel was topically applied similarly on group III. Average body weight gain was less and blood glucose levels were high in group II and III. There were also higher levels of MDA in group II and III. Histopathologically, atrophy and loss of intactness of beta cells of langerhans is lets in the pancreas were evident in group II and III, as compared to group I. In conclusion, topical applications of curcumin on wounds of diabetic rats did not able to prevent the damage of beta cells of the pancreas produced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg b.wt.). In future, the other higher or lower concentrations of curcumin and their nano-formulations may be tried to evaluate the protective actions.
Agricultural Regionalization: Spatial Analysis of Crop Combination Regions
Authors: Meena Shivraj
Published: April 2022

Crop combination regions refer to the number or diversity of crops grown in a particular area during a specific interval of time [1]. These regions provide strong basis for agricultural regionalization. Developmental policies and other planning measures can be taken on the basis of these regions. This research paper is a case study and it is based on Land Record Circles. The method used for delineation of regions is Rafiullah’s maximum positive deviation method. Out of 11 LRC’s 10 are mono crop regions and the prominent crop is Bajra. The results of the paper are analyzed according to the climatic conditions of the study area. This is a semi-arid region and major part of it is a dark zone. So, the rain fed agriculture is done in the study area. The Bajra crop is produced on south west-monsoon.
A Review on Air Sterilizer for Purification of Air Using UV Light and Filters
Authors: Bagsiraj M. Kaif R. , Narwade Shahid R. , Pirjade Khalid S. , Jamadar Taha S. , Husainy Avesahemad S. N.
Published: April 2022

In this review paper, we mainly focus on the working of air conditioner and the required development needed for the sake of human comfort. Day by day the requirement of air conditioner is increasing because the temperature is increasing rapidly. Along with the air conditioner the quality of the air must be improved in order to sort out health related issues.Impurity of air is increasing due uneven human activities. In order to purify the air, the air conditioner must be developed in such a way that different type of filters such as Manganese Dioxide filter, HEPA Filter, Electrostatic Filter must be attached to trap various types of pollution causing elements. In order to kill germs, the UV radiations must be introduced to kill the disease causing germs and pathogens for the sake of purification of air. Along with the purified air the energy must also be used efficiently, for that, IoT must be implemented to ease the work and to save energy.
Restoration and Conservation Benefits of Mangrove Forest to the Coastal Communities: A Review on Sri Lankan Perspective
Authors: Vijitharan Sharaniya
Published: April 2022

Mangrove forest plays a vital role to enhance the standard of living in coastal communities by providing a variety of products and services. However, the mangrove forest cover was 0.2% which is much less than other existing forest types. The objective of the study was to conduct a review of mangrove forest resources and their associated benefits to coastal communities through conservation and restoration in Sri Lanka. This study reviewed secondary data such as peer-reviewed published research papers and reports for this study. The present extent of mangrove forest cover is increased to 16,000 ha between 2015 and 2016. Notably, the Puttalam district has the highest extent of mangrove forest. 10% of mangroves are cleared for prawn farming in the Chilaw and Kalpitiya. Mangrove forests provide vegetables, fuelwood, timber, and seafood to local communities to accomplish their subsistence and commercial uses. The restoration project has been initiated by the Sri Lankan government with the partnership of non-profit organizations and Seacology. Rhizophoraand Avicinnia was the main species used for replanting. Community-based restoration and conservation approaches are widely considered and implemented for replanting mangroves. This study recommends that future researches need to be focused more on the mangrove forest in each province, and their values to empower the livelihood, and more in-depth scientific studies regarding the effective mangrove restoration, conservation, and quantification of mangrove forests carbon stocks through REDD+ scheme to obtain incentives to improve the living standards of the mangrove-dependent community.
Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part V)
Authors: Elfasakhany Ashraf
Published: April 2022

One of the requirements for any inventor for can crusher machines is to study all previous inventions in the area all over the world. In view of that, the study aims at presenting brief summary of the previous inventions for can crusher machines. We presented here the inventions within years from 1992 to 1993, i.e. couple of years since there are many inventions for such machines around the world; however, other duration periods were already covered in the early papers.
Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Hydraulic Scrap Baling Machine
Authors: Kumbhar S. V. , Jadhav M. A. , Husainy Avesahemad , S. G. Bardiya  , Patil Omkar B. , Mali Shubham K.
Published: April 2022

There are several industrial production processes that involve mechanical machining of cast parts by various operations such as turning, milling, and drilling. Metal Chips, especially of aluminum, mild steel and cold-rolled carbon steel, etc. The collection, storage, and transportation of metal chips are an important aspect in the process of recycling. This project focuses on the compaction and creation of metal chips bales for ease of storage as well as handling and transportation of metal chips. Efforts have been taken to ensure an efficient waste management system in shop floors, with minimum use of space and energy when it comes to disposing of metal chips formed during machining processes. The large space required to store the chips as loose chips have a large surface area. The scope of the project is limited to the design, analysis, and fabrication of scrap baling machine. A Baling press machine is a machine in which a loose scrap is converted into in the form of 8-12 kg bundle. In this machine, we adopt a square bundle rather than circular shape and square bales acquire less space as compared to the round bales.
Effect of Three Types of Projectile Materials Considering Extent of Damage on the Laminated Glass: A Study
Authors: Thakur Nitin , Kumar Pramod , Bharj Rabinder Singh
Published: April 2022

Ballistic performance of laminated glass is highly influenced by its configuration. Ballistic impact results in typical glass failure pattern, featuring a central Hertzian cone comprising of splintered glass and a spider web like cracking pattern around the cone with circumferential and radial cracks. The extent of damage varies, depending on the projectile materials. The aim of this research was to numerically compare three projectile materials, Armor steel, OFHC copper and Armco iron in reference to damage of the laminated glass (LG), considering crack pattern and the depth of penetration, for the constant velocity of AK-47 projectile. The numerical analysis concludes that, copper projectiles inflicted more damage in comparison to other two materials.
Patented of Beverage Can Crusher Machines: Design Overview
Authors: Elfasakhany Ashraf
Published: April 2022

Recycling of Cans, beverage Cans, has rapidly increased in last decade; over recent years, the recycling of beverage Cans showed much more increasing as garbage disposal become great problem as well as recycling become economically feasible. One important need to support/help the increase of Can recycling processes is to develop the compulsory technologies for the crusher devices/machines. The aim of the current study is to present an overview of different designs for patents of the Can crusher machines. Such overview designs are believed to be useful for all inventors who worked on developing contemporaneous patents for the Can crusher machines.
Theoretical Study on Methods to Increase the Efficiency and Performance of Solar Air Heater
Authors: Nagrath Vishwas , Haq Seyed Hunzela , Mishra Harshit , Wazeer Adil
Published: April 2022

Due to the low thermal performance of solar air heater, different methodologies are adopted to increase its performance namely fins, artificial roughness etc. Thermal performance is obtained for different values of Reynolds number, emissivity of a plate, tilt angle and by employing different kinds of artificial roughness.  There are numerous techniques which can be used on the absorber plate to increase the efficiency and Thermo-hydraulic performance of the solar air heater. We can use single roughness geometry or can combine two different roughness geometries also to get best output. By defining different correlations of heat transfer and friction factor in roughened ducts of solar air heater, we can get the best artificial roughness that can be utilized in the solar air heater. By selecting the coating material, we can improve the performance of solar air heater. As we must use our energy for future purpose, we have to store it and for that thermal energy storage materials are used. This is also one of the techniques to increase the effectiveness of solar air heater. In this article, focus has been given on study of methods of increasing the performance of solar air heater such as providing artificial roughness, increasing the collector aspect ratio etc.
Design and Development Prototype of Indigenous Robotic Radio Pharmaceutical Dispenser
Authors: Menon Chithra Biju , Siddavatam Irfan , Bhosale Vijay
Published: April 2022

Working in the nuclear medicine department leads to a possibility of long term low level radiations exposure. Imaging technologies like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computer tomography (SPECT) requires radiopharmaceuticals to be administered into the patients. There is radiation exposure to the staff especially when they dispense the required radioactive medicine doses with their hands into the syringes from the source vial. Also, during the process there is a possibility of spillage of the radioactive pharmaceuticals which could lead to radioactive contamination. This project aims at automating the steps involved in dispensing the unit doses into the respective syringes from the source vial and placing it in a lead shielded container. This will be achieved by developing a robotic application to carry out the activities. This will reduce the time for which the nuclear medicine staffs is exposed to the radioactive syringe. The only time when he will be exposed will be when it is injected into the patients.
Design and Development of Fertilizer Spraying and Weed Removal Machine
Authors: Rawal M. R. , Powar Omkar , Pawar Pratiksha , Shwetakshirsagar  , Mulik Kamlesh
Published: April 2022

In order to meet the food requirements of the growing population and rapid industrialization, modernization of agriculture practices is need of today and crucial one. Mechanization enables the conservation of inputs through precision in metering, ensuring the better distribution and reduces the quantity required for better response. In addition to that it prevents the losses or wastage of inputs applied. Mechanization reduces unit cost of production through higher productivity and optimized input. Though modernization is done in agriculture field, many farmers are using the traditional methods and equipment for weeding and fertilizer spraying. The spraying is traditionally done by labor carrying backpack type sprayer which requires more human effort or it is done by fertilizer spraying unit tractor, which is not affordable and suitable for many agricultural fields as per the cultivation. Weeding is usually done with the help of bulls, which is very costly for farmers with small arable land. To overcome these above two problems a machine is developed on which both the tasks are performed simultaneously and beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and weeding operations.
Agro Informatics with Reference to Features, Functions and Emergence as a Discipline in Agricultural Sciences: An Analysis
Authors: Paul P. K. , Sinha R. R. , Aithal P. S. , Saavedra Ricardo , Aremu Bashiru
Published: April 2022

There are many interdisciplinary subjects worldwide and this trend is growing rapidly. Among these subjects, one of the important is Agricultural Information Science. Information Science deals with the nature of Interdisciplinary Sciences and also falls under the category of Applied Sciences. The field is very much synonymously and treated as equal to Informatics in some countries. The branch therefore also called as Agro Informatics and consists with both practicing nature and as a field of study. The applications of IT and Computing in other subjects and areas led to the development of other subjects such as Bio Informatics, Geo Informatics, Health Informatics, etc. Agricultural Informatics is growing rapidly and emerging as a field internationally in many countries. IT and computing applications in different areas, sectors and subjects including societal areas are considered as Information Science. Thus, Agricultural Informatics is socially connected or touched. Thus, the applications of Computing including the latest technologies in agriculture and allied areas treated as Agricultural Informatics. Though it is the application of more than technologies and includes the techniques, methodologies, procedure, etc into Agriculture. Agricultural Informatics is the analysis, management and processing of agricultural data with the help of IT Systems. Agriculture is also an interdisciplinary field and responsible for cultivating or producing the food, feed, fiber, corn, various plants, vegetables including the domesticated animals with scientific methods. Agricultural Informatics is therefore an interdisciplinary area combines with both Agricultural Sciences and allied areas with IT & Computing. This paper is theoretical as well as conceptual in nature and deals with mainly various aspects of Agricultural Informatics viz. foundation, nature and characteristics, role and functions in detail. It also briefly explores about the stakeholders and technologies of Agro Informatics.
Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Public Health: A Critical Review
Authors: Jindal Harsh , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rakesh
Published: April 2022

Environmental pollution poses the major threat to global health in the world. However, in developing countries, the problem of pollution (air, water, soil, waste and noise) is increasing day by day due to rapid increase in industrialization and motor vehicle. The pollution produces harmful effects not only on human health (respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease and asthma, etc.) but also influence the plants and animals. Thus, to prevent from all health related issues there is a need to aware the different types of pollution, their cause, effect and remedial action. Hence, the aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of different types of pollution in detail, so that their effect could be minimized.
Water Pollution Policy Vis-À-Vis Red Category Industries: A Case Study
Authors: Mahalakshmi Pooja G. , Arul Carolin
Published: April 2022

According to the Constitution of India, the water right comes under Article 21 as Right to Life. Having water as a basic need in life, it has to be protected well by enforcing the law in an orderly manner with more stringent actions towards water polluting agents. Even though several laws exist on controlling water pollution, the punitive measures are not strong enough to control, especially in the case of industrial pollution. The purpose of this study is to find out the lacunae existing in Indian legal provisions on the view of water polluting industries. A case study is undertaken by selecting a red category industry located at Cuddalore, particularly in SIPCOT institutional area. To value the awareness and perceptions of different stakeholders on Water Pollution Policies, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the AGM of the industry and the NGOs and questionnaires survey were administered with the students and public. It was known that the 51% of people were affected by water pollution and 83.33% of people opt for plastic containers of 20-liter capacity for drinking and supplied by SIPCOT. Sadly, 100% of people recorded their responses saying industries were the prime source of water pollution. While question airing on health aspect, it was found that 85% people were affected by skin diseases and respiratory illnesses. The forte of the NGOs and the students were the involvement of all related stakeholders in granting permission at the initial stage of industrial establishment at any place is mandatory. Keeping that every solution is unique with regard to every problem; a proactive step of introducing a rationalist model specifically to tackle these kinds of uncertain conditions with respect to Government protocols on Water Pollution Laws towards red category industry was made. Based on the situational model, proposals of the establishment of the industries could be granted.
Extraction of Sand from Waste dumps of Mining: A New Approach to Address the Environmental Issue of Goa
Authors: Narasimha Murthy Ayapilla
Published: April 2022

Goa is India's smallest state by area (3700 sq.km) but rich of mineral deposits such as -iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite and many minor minerals like basalt, laterite stones, rubbles, river sand etc., Exploration and exploitation for iron ore has started at the beginning of the 20th century. Iron ore mining in Goa is completely in the private sector.  The mining belts extend over a length of 65km from SE to NW of the State covering around 700 sq.km. The iron ore deposits are distributed over the Northern, southern, and central blocks of Goa. It is the only state with large area under mining. Mineral production in Goa started in the late 1940s. Initially with Manganese ore but later shifted to iron ore with phenomenal growth in production. Every year around 60million tonnes of iron ore was being handled till 2015. Subsequently capping has been imposed by Hon’ble Supreme Court to mine 20 million tonnes from 100 mines by open cast method to control the pollution levels.  The mining is carried out by mechanized methods and generated large number of employments, around 5 lakh people by both direct and indirect means. The state is having 400 million tonnes of iron ore resources. The highest production of iron ore from Goa was 40 million tonnes per annum in the past, but for extraction of everyone tonne of ore approximately 4 tonnes of waste rock has to be removed as the mining has gone deep and extent of each lease area is small. The waste rock comprises manganiferous and phyletic clays which are soft and easily erodible. Further, Goa witnesses heavy rainfall up to 3500mm during SW monsoon every year, thus the surface waters are getting polluted.  As said above the lease areas are being small and the generation of waste rock is high. So, the disposal of waste rock and its prevention poses a problem. The analysis of waste rock indicates the waste rock is rich of sand grains which can be extractable by simple crushing and screening method. So, a detailed conceptual plan is necessary to sustain the mining and to tackle the environmental issues which are suggested in this paper.
Appraisal of Land use Survey using Total Station and Handheld GPS
Authors: Jayasekara H. A. I. M. , Munasinghe D. S.
Published: April 2022

A handheld GPS (Global Positioning System) is a device that uses to conduct a survey with less manpower and less time. Mostly total station is used in land use survey with higher accuracy. Hence this study is going to verify the capability of the handheld GPS to replace instead of the Total Station in land use survey. The aim of the study was to evaluate the land use survey results with handheld GPS and total station. GPS (Leica GS 15) instrument was fixed at a Base station named NSG 01 and data collection was done using handheld GPS (Leica Zeno 20) instrument with different modes such as Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) off and SBAS on. Further the collected data were processed with the Differential GPS (DGPS) and without DGPS approaches using Leica infinity and QGIS software and four plans were prepared. Then the area was calculated for each land use category. Results were compared using the error percentages each land use. Further it was compared using correlation analysis. Finally, the most accurate results were given by the handheld GPS in SBAS on mode. Its error level was 0.46% and it is very low compare with other modes. SBAS on mode Correlation Coefficient was 0.99995 and it was the closest value to 1. So, the SBAS on mode is the best method to improve the accuracy of land use surveys where there is scarcity of manpower and time instead of total station.
Hydro-Chemical Analysis of Ground Water for Irrigation and Drinking Purpose in Kolhapur, Maharashtra Region, India
Authors: Naik Vinayak , Sabale M. V. , Patil Yogesh , Kulkarni Yogesh
Published: April 2022

Multivariate statistical techniques and factor analysis were employed under this study to assess the ground water suitability for drinking as well as for agricultural purpose in Kolhapur region of Maharashtra State. Detailed analysis and the evaluated results with statistical approach indicated that overall ground water quality was satisfactory for the purpose although the some samples exceeded safe limit for some parameters. Electrical Conductivity for most of the samples found to be above the safe limit of 1500 μs/cm. Concentrations of cations Na+, K+, Ca+ and Mg+, varied from 102.4 to 184.2, 0.9 to 20.4, 56.7 to 112.4 and 13.6 to 28.2 ppm respectively, with mean values of 128.6, 8.7, 86.11 and 19.5 ppm with more than 90% falling under safe category. Chronological order of major cations were Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and major anions were HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- respectively. Na+ was found to be the dominant cation among the cations, and K+ was the lowest constituents, whereas bicarbonates was the most abundant and SO4 was the minor constituents under anions. Nearly 50% samples recorded below average values under WQI, and more than 80% samples falling in Class I category under Doneen’s graph. All samples exhibited the SAR values less than 10, indicating high suitability for the irrigation purpose.
GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSITION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES — A NORTH AMERICA PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kenning T.
Published: April 2022

The energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables is dominating the news in North America and other parts of the world. A decade ago, most people would have viewed global warming as an academic subject which did not impact themselves nor warrant serious concern. However, currently many parts of the world are experiencing record temperatures and related environmental impact such as the extensive forest fires being experienced in the western USA and Canada. Accordingly, governments worldwide recognize the need for future economic activity to be carbon-neutral or as is also termed carbon-zero. To achieve the goal of carbon-neutral economies by 2050 will be hugely challenging but economic opportunities will also arise in the major development of solar, wind and geothermal energy.
ANALYSIS OF DRIP IRRIGATION OF ONION HYBRIDS IN THE ZONE OF LIGHT CHESTNUT SOILS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
Authors: Postnova Alina Kirillovna , Bolkunov Alexey Ivanovich , Postnova Margarita Viktorovna
Published: April 2022

The analysis of the combination of climatic features of the Lower Volga region zone with drip irrigation for the development of onion production is carried out. This substantiation of the elements of irrigation technology for highly productive onion hybrids using drip irrigation systems provides a rational combination of resource consumption and the output of environmentally safe products, as well as the formation of record yields.
The Urobiome and Its Role in Overactive Bladder
Authors: Bae Sangrak , Chung Hong
Published: April 2022

Urine is no longer considered to be sterile. After the existence of the microbiome was revealed through metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, the relationship between characteristics of the microbiome and diseases have been studied and published in various journals. A microbiome exists in the urinary tract and is associated with urinary tract infection, malignancy of the genitourinary tract, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Based on the urine sampling method, sampling site, culture method, and sex, the characteristics of the microbiome vary. Most of the Lactobacillus species are identified mainly in women, and various other species are identified in men. These microorganisms can cause or prevent various diseases. Variations in the microbiome are seen in those with and without disease, and an asymptomatic status does not indicate the absence of microbes. This microbiome has been implicated in a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms and diseases, in particular, overactive bladder. The microbiome differs between patients with urgency and urge urinary incontinence and healthy individuals. There are many aspects of the microbiome yet to be studied in relation to other lower urinary tract symptoms.
ANALYSIS OF HORIZONTAL MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RATS IN THE TEST “OPEN FIELD” USING THE VIDEO TRACKING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Sulin V.Yu. , Martynova A.V. , Veli A. A. , Volkova V.V. , Vostroilova G.A. , Parshin P.A. , Vashanov G. A.
Published: April 2022

Using an original computer program (Delphi, Windows OS) and a Genius web camera, video recording and quan-titative analysis of horizontal motor activity of 12 nonlinear rats in the test “open field” were carried out. According to the results of the statistical analysis of the horizontal motor activity of rats in the “open field” test, three groups of the examined animals were identified: of low-, medium- and high-activity. To assess the influence of individual-typological characteristics of animals on their behavior, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out.
STUDY OF THE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF A COMPLEX ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG “MARBOTRIM”
Authors: Shabanov D.I. , Korchagina A.A. , Vostroilova G.A. , Bogdanova M.S.
Published: April 2022

The mutagenic properties of a new combined antibacterial drug “Marbotrim” were investigated by a micronucleus test of polychromatophilic erythrocytes and by accounting technique for chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. The frequency of occurrence of cells with chromosomal aberrations and polychromatophilic erythrocytes with micronuclei in the study groups did not have statistically significant differences compared to the values of the negative control group. The presented data can be evidence of the absence of the effect of Marbotrim on the genetic stability of animal cells.
EFFECT OF AMINOSELEFERON-B ON MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD COMPOSITION AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN COWS UNDER TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Authors: Shaposhnikov I.T. , Kotsarev V.N. , Chusova G.G.
Published: April 2022

The effect of aminoseleferon-B on the morphological blood indicators and protein metabolism of cows located in the zone of flare emissions from a chemical plant for the production of mineral fertilizers was studied. It was found that after the application of the drug to animals, there was a blood content increase of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, total protein, γ-globulins, and a decrease in neutrophils, eosinophils, β-globulins that contributed to the optimization of indicators of the morphological blood composition and protein metabolism.
CHANGES IN METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN COWS IN THE STUDY OF SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY
OF AMINOSELEFERON-B
Authors: Shaposhnikov I.T. , Cheskidova L.V. , Kotsarev V.N. , Chusova G.G. , Kashirina L.N. , Dronova Yu.E.
Published: April 2022

The study of subchronic toxicity of aminoseleferon-B was performed on lactating cows, which were administered the drug at a therapeutic dose (10 ml) for 7 days with an interval of 24 hours. The toxic effect of the drug was assessed by the clinical state of animals, morphological and biochemical blood indicators. Changes in the hematological and biochemical status of cows after administration of aminoseleferon-B were characterized by an increase of blood concentration of hemoglobin, leukocytes and lymphocytes, total protein, gamma-globulins, glucose, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and a decrease in the level of total lipids that was a consequence of the pharmacological action of the biologically active components of the drug. As a result of the conducted studies, there was detected no negative effect of aminoseleferon-B on the body of clinically healthy cows when studying subchronic toxicity.
INFLUENCE OF EIMERIA SPR. ON INDICATORS OF NATURAL HUMORAL IMMUNITY OF RABBITS
Authors: Duda Y.V. , Prus M.P. , Shevchik R.S. , Koreyba L.V.
Published: April 2022

This article describes that when the pathogens Eimeria magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. stiedae were parasitizing in rabbits, high levels of CIC were observed compared with healthy animals against the background of low BASK, LASK, CASK. At the same time, the difference between the experimental and control groups in these indicators grew with an increase in the intensity of invasion. The increased intensity of invasion with Eimeria spp. negatively affects the indices of the natural humoral immunity in rabbits.
TOXICOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE VETERINARY DRUG "OTIVET"
Authors: Petrov V.V. , Romanova E.W.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of toxicological evaluation (in acute experiment) on laboratory animals (white mice, rats, rabbits) of a combined drug based on miconazole, polymyxin B and prednisolone. As well as the results of a clinical study of the drug on small domestic animals (dogs, cats).
APPLICATION OF THE DRUG "PROSTIMUL" FOR CORRECTION OF THE IMMUNE STATUS OF PIGLETS UNDER TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS
Authors: Shakhov A.G. , Sashnina L.Yu. , Tarakanova K.V. , Karmanova K.V. , Vladimirova Yu.Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of Prostimul on the immune status of piglets under techno-logical stress caused by their weaning and transferring to an industrial pig-breeding compleх for growing. It was found that the application of the drug was accompanied by an increase in nonspecific humoral and cellular immunity and indicators of protein metabolism during the adaptation of piglets to new conditions of living. This is associated with the presence in the drug composition of recombinant porcine interferons alpha and beta that possess the immune modulating activity, as well as vitamins A, E and C increasing antioxidant and immune status. The results obtained allow us to recommend the drug "Prostimul" for a widespread application in industrial pig breeding during critical periods of rearing piglets to improve the immune status of the animal body.
PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES IN THE AUE “LYAKHOVICHSKOE-AGRO”
Authors: Petrukovich T.V.
Published: April 2022

When analyzing the milk performance of cows for 305 days of complete lactation, it was found that animals of the first and second lactation were less productive (milk yield: 6916 and 7596, respectively) than mature cows of the third lactation and older (7904 kg of milk). The milk production coefficient varied in the context of lactations from 1208.6–1340.0 which characterizes them as dairy cattle. The daughters of bulls with the breeding value index of 100 and above had the highest milk yield – 7531.8 kg of milk, which is 50.6 kg more than the herd average.
OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF COWS IN TREATMENT OF MASTITIS USING THE DRUG “AMSF”
Authors: Zimnikov V.I. , Klimov N.Т. , Pavlenko O.B. , Cheskidova L.V. , Ermolova Т.G.
Published: April 2022

The disease of cows with clinically pronounced catarrhal mastitis is acompanied by an intensification of the pro-cesses of lipid peroxidation and a high level of endogenous intoxication. Etiotropic therapy using the drug Synulox LC contributed to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant defense system, a decrease in the level of oxidative stress and endogenous intoxication. The most pronounced changes in the pro- and antioxidant status were noted when the antimi-crobial drug Sinulox LC and the drug “AMSF” were used together. The additional inclusion of the drug “AMSF” in the treatment regimen provided a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood by 36.3%, medium-weight molecules – by 34.2% (Р<0,0001), medium molecular peptides – by 37.4% (Р<0.0001) and endogenous intoxication index – by 27.7% (Р<0.01), an increase in vitamin А concentration – by 37.4% (Р<0.005), vitamin Е – by 27.9% (Р<0,005) and vitamin С – by 38.0% (Р<0.05), catalase activity – by 42.9% (Р<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase activity – by 37.4% (Р<0.01.) This was clinically confirmed by an increase in therapeutic efficacy.
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF FLOOR SANITIZER USE WHEN GROWING POULTRY OF MEAT TYPE
Authors: Kapitonova E.A.
Published: April 2022

We used “Khotimsky” mineral additive as a sanitary means in the bedding material of laying hens of the cross “Ross-308” parent flock which led to a decrease in the microbial contamination of the poultry house and, consequently, to an increase in the total egg production – by 1.6%; hatching egg yield – by 1.6%; yolk carotenoids – by 3.0% and vitamin A – by 1.5%.
HISTOARCHITECTONICS, MORPHOMETRIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF CHICKENS UNDER CONDITIONS OF ANTIGENIC LOAD AND THE USE OF MITOFEN
Authors: Zhurov D.O.
Published: April 2022

The article presents findings on macroscopic, morphometric and immunohistochemical studies of the liver of broiler chickens during the experimental infection with a pathogenic strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBD) and the use of Mitofen. It was found that during the experimental infection of chickens with a pathogenic strain of the IBD virus in the liver of chickens, pathological processes characteristic of metabolic disorders were revealed – granular, fine-droplet fatty and vacuolar dystrophy, as well as cell edema, deformation of the nucleus, the prevalence of stromal processes over cellular ones.
When using the antioxidant drug ″Mitofen″, areas with dystrophy of various genesis were noted. The morphometric parameters were characterized by the normalization of the cellular components of the organ under the action of the antigen on the organism. At the same time, the size of hepatocytes increased, there was an increase in the count of binuclear liver cells, and the density of the content of liver cells increased per conditional unit of area. The immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of specific phenotypes of lymphocytes in the liver parenchyma, that indicates the activation of humoral immunity.
EFFICIENCY OF A COMPLEX PREVENTION OF MASTITIS IN COWS WITH EARLY LACTOGENEGIS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND BEFORE CALVING
Authors: Kuzmich R.G. , Dobrovolskaya M.L.
Published: April 2022

The article presents materials and methods, describes the results of research conducted in setting the production developmental experiment on the use of a veterinary drug "Mastifort DC" and a dipping means for the prevention of mastitis in cows with early lactogenesis in the mammary gland. The work was carried out on the base of the MTK-1200 dairy com-plex.
EFFECT OF PROLACTIN (PRL) AND BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN (BLG) GENES ON INDICATORS
OF DAIRY PERFORMANCE IN COWS OF RED BELARUSIAN BREED GROUP
Authors: Mikhaljuk A.N.
Published: April 2022

Studies show that according to the prolactin gene (PRL), the highest milk yield was determined in the first-calf heifers with the PRLAB genotype by 2.5%, and in cows of the second and third lactations – with the PRLAA genotype by 0.8-7.0%. In terms of fat and milk protein content, animals with the PRLAB genotype had higher rate than those with the PRLAA genotype by 0.1-0.2 pp, the second and especially third lactation animals having the most noticeable changes. For the beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene, animals with the BLGBB genotype had the higher rate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation, as well as the amount of milk fat and lactoprotein. With an increase in the lactation ordinal number, the difference in these indices between the BLGAB and BLGAA herdmates increased.
EFFECTS OF TOXOPLASMAS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF MALE RATS WITH CHRONIC TOXOPLASMOSIS
Authors: Kosova M.S. , Pashinskaya E. S.
Published: April 2022

This article presents findings obtained during the simulation of chronic toxoplasmosis, reflecting the effect of toxo-plasma on the change in the reproductive ability of male rats, characterized by the development of preimplantation death in female rats. The effect recorded depends on the dose of infection and the term of the development of parasitosis in male rats.
USE OF LACTULOSE FOR INCREASE IN THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: Yavnikov N.V.
Published: April 2022

One of the ways to correct dysbiosis is the use of preparations based on probiotic strains of microorganisms as well as prebiotics. The aim was to increase the effectiveness of joint cultivation of lacto and bifidobacteria for the development of new probiotic feed additives. For this purpose, the composition of a nutrient medium with different levels of lactulose was designed, and the optimal ratio of probiotic strains was determined for joint cultivation. To create a bacterial consortium, on the basis of previous investigation, the strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis 17-11 β and the strain of Lactobacillus plantarum 8 β were selected as the most active probiotic cultures. Bifidobacteria were cultivated in the Blaurock medium (pH 6.5±0.1) at a temperature of 38.0±0.5°C. Lactobacteria were dissolved in a nutrient medium MRS-1 (pH 6.5±0.1) having been recovered at a temperature of 37.0±0.5°C for 24 hours. Then two successive passages followed, on the MRS-2 media (pH 6.3±0.1) and MRS-4 (pH 6.3±0.1). The joint cultivation of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria was performed in the casein-yeast medium. Studies have shown that the addition of lactulose to a nutrient in the amount of 1.0% and 1.5% has a positive effect on the cultural traits of probiotic cultures. In the joint cultivation of lactobacteria L. plantarum 8 β and bifidobacteria B. adolescentis 17-11 β, the largest biological bacterial consortium manifests at a ratio of lacto-bifidobacterium 1:2. As a result of the conducted research, it has been found that the cultivation of these strains under conditions in vitro, with the addition of 1.5% lactulose as a prebiotic component, allows to obtain the highest rate of growth and the level of accumulation of bacterial mass.