bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of high‐quality Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) oil using low‐temperature continuous phase‐transition extraction equipment
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Yinru , Yu Wenwei , Ma Yingchuan , Cao Yong , Zhao Lichao
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to explore a processing method for efficient extraction of high‐quality krill oil (KO) using a low‐temperature continuous phase‐transition extraction equipment (LCPE). The efficiency of lipid extraction and quality of KO and defatted krill meal (DKM) by LCPE were compared with those of supercritical CO2 and n‐hexane extraction. Results showed that compared to other methods, extraction using LCPE had the highest lipid yield (21.72 ± 0.34%), bioactive substances, and dimethyl sulfide (3.12 ± 0.09 mg/kg), the lowest oxidative deterioration. Moreover, compared to other methods, DKM extracted by LCPE had the lowest fat (<2%), the highest protein (>60%), and the best oxidative stability. These benefits would ensure easier transportation and better long‐term storage, allowing for its application on distant‐ocean fishing vessels. Therefore, LCPE is a method that allows for efficient extraction of high‐quality KO.
Trypsin from digestive tract of harpiosquillid mantis shrimp: Molecular characteristics and the inhibition by chitooligosaccharide and its catechin conjugate
Authors: Prashanthkumar Mallikarjun Chanchi , Patil Umesh , Mittal Ajay , Saetang Jirakrit , Zhang Bin , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: November 2024

Trypsin from the digestive tract of harpiosquillid mantis shrimp (HMS) was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and a soybean trypsin inhibitor‐CNBr‐activated Sepharose 4B affinity column. The purified trypsin (PTRP‐HMS) had a purity of 30.4‐fold, and a yield of 14.5% was obtained. PTRP‐HMS had the molecular weight of 23.0 kDa as examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), and only one isoform was detected by native‐PAGE. Its optimal temperature and pH were 55°C and 8.5, respectively. TLCK almost completely inhibited the activity of trypsin. The PTRP‐HMS had a Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and catalytic constant (Kcat) of 0.87 mM and 13.04 s−1, respectively, toward Nα‐benzoyl‐l‐arginine 4‐nitroanilide hydrochloride. When chitooligosaccharide (COS) and COS‐catechin (COS‐CAT) conjugates were examined for inhibition toward the PTRP, the latter exhibited higher efficacy in inhibiting the trypsin. Both COS and COS‐CAT conjugate showed mixed‐type inhibition kinetics. As a consequence, COS and COS‐CAT conjugate could be used as natural additives for inhibiting trypsin in whole HMS, thus retarding the softening and lengthening the shelf‐life of HMS during the iced storage.

Practical Application

Harpiosquillid mantis shrimp (HMS) is of high demand due to its delicacy. However, its meat undergoes rapid softening within 2–3 days when stored in ice. Understanding causative proteolytic enzymes, especially trypsin from digestive tract, paves a way for preventing their negative impact on HMS eating quality. Employment of safe inhibitors, for example, chitooligosaccharide (COS) or COS conjugated with catechin, could inhibit HMS trypsin. Overall, softening of whole HMS containing trypsin in its digestive tract can be impeded, especially when treated with COS‐CAT. This finding is beneficial for the HMS local vendor or exporter, in which HMS quality can be maintained.
Effects of morning versus afternoon surgery on peri‐operative disturbance of sleep–wake timing: An observational study
Authors: Meewisse Arjen J. G. , van Huizen Elise C. , Choi Kee Fong , Kok‐de Goede Esther N. , Turgman Oren , Schenk Jimmy , Stenvers Dirk Jan , Hermanides Jeroen , van Zuylen Mark L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The circadian timing system regulates diurnal sleep–wake rhythm. Previously, we showed that, in patients undergoing elective surgery, sleep–wake timing is altered and post‐operative sleep quality is reduced. However, how the timing of the surgical procedure affects the disturbance and what other factors affect this disturbance remain unknown.

Methods

Single‐centre prospective observational study investigating the influence of surgery timing on post‐operative sleep in adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing elective surgery. Sleep–wake timing was measured from three nights before until seven nights after surgery with a daily sleeping log. Primary outcome was post‐operative midpoint of sleep shift between patients undergoing morning and afternoon surgeries. Secondary outcomes included factors affecting sleep timing disturbance and changes in subjective sleep quality.

Results

We included 259 patients: 144 patients underwent morning procedures (08:00 h–12:00 h) and 115 underwent afternoon procedures (12:00 h–17:00 h). Both groups had significant phase advance of midpoint of sleep on the night after surgery when compared with three nights before surgery (mean − 00:41 h, 95% CI −00:27 h to −00:54 h, p < .001, for morning surgery and mean − 00:28 h, 95% CI −00:09 h to −00:46 h, p = .003, for afternoon surgery). However, there was no between‐group difference (mean − 00:13 h, 95% CI −00:35 h–00:09 h, p = .25). Reduction of sleep quality was also similar. Phase advance was larger for patients with an evening chronotype or with lower pre‐operative sleep quality. Decline of sleep quality after surgery was larger for patients with an evening chronotype, longer procedures or better pre‐operative sleep quality.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the timing of surgery between 08:00 h and 17:00 h does not modulate the effect of anaesthesia and surgery on phase of the sleep–wake rhythm in patients undergoing elective surgery with a low pre‐operative risk of delirium.

Editorial Comment

Timing of surgery may impact post‐operative sleep. However, in this prospective cohort study of elective surgical patients, sleep–wake timing and post‐operative sleep quality did not differ between those undergoing morning versus afternoon surgery.
CEO political ideology and risk factor disclosure
Authors: Seo Jiwoo , Esplin Adam , Ke Yun
Published: November 2024

We examine whether and how CEO political ideology affects risk factor disclosure. Using CEO political contributions to proxy for ideology, we find that firms with Republican‐leaning CEOs provide less risk factor information than those with non‐Republican‐leaning CEOs. Our findings are robust using a propensity score‐matched sample, entropy balancing, and a two‐stage residual inclusion approach. The impact of political ideology on risk factor disclosure is stronger when the CEO has more power over corporate decision‐making and is mitigated by higher litigation risk. Our results suggest that politically conservative CEOs prioritise certainty and security, leading them to safeguard confidential information or avoid negative publicity by being transparent about company risks.
Associations between big five personality dimensions and lifetime use of cannabis
Authors: Jain Tanya , Patriquin Michelle , Sanches Marsal
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

With the rise in cannabis use over the last couple of decades and shifting social views around drug use, the characterization of potential predictors for the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD) may be of high relevance for the implementation of preventive measures toward this condition. We conducted a study with the aim of analyzing possible associations between personality traits and CUD.

Methods

Our sample consisted of 1335 inpatients admitted to The Menninger Clinic between September 2016 and December 2021. All participants completed the Big Five Inventory for the characterization of their personalities. The presence of a diagnosis of CUD and other substance use disorders was established through the administration of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5). Patients with and without a lifetime diagnosis of CUD were compared with regard to their scores in the five personality dimensions. We utilized analysis of covariance for the statistical inference, with age, sex, and use of other substances as covariates.

Results

Our findings revealed that low conscientiousness, low agreeableness, and high open‐mindedness were associated with the presence of CUD. The relationships between CUD and the remaining personality dimensions explored (extraversion and neuroticism) were not statistically significant.

Conclusions and Scientific Significance

This study indicates that certain personality dimensions are potential predictors for the risk for developing CUD. An inpatient population was sampled for this study, allowing for the comparison with other community‐based studies. These findings have important preventative and treatment implications from a clinical and research standpoint.
Who stays? Australian alcohol and other drug work and worker characteristics predicting regional, rural and remote job retention
Authors: Fischer Jane Anne , Kostadinov Victoria , Bowden Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The Australian alcohol and other drug (AOD) regional, rural and remote (RRR) workforce experiences chronic workforce retention challenges. However, little is known about the characteristics of RRR AOD workers nationally, or factors associated with retention.

Objective

To examine the personal and professional characteristics of RRR AOD workers and identify factors that predict intent to remain in the workforce.

Design

Secondary analysis of Australian National AOD Workforce Survey data, a cross‐sectional online survey of AOD workers (N = 1506).

Participants

AOD workers employed in RRR Australia (N = 447).

Main Outcome Measures

Demographic and professional characteristics; intent to remain in current job for the next year.

Results

The majority of RRR AOD workers were female (72%) and worked full time (65%) in the NGO sector (58%). Most (56%) intended to stay in their job. There were not only high rates of poor job engagement (33%) and high burnout (42%) but also high job satisfaction (80%). Significant predictors (p < 0.05) of retention intention were job satisfaction, low burnout, employment security and respect in the workplace.

Conclusions

Workforce initiatives and benefits tailored to the current composition of the RRR AOD workforce are needed. Retention of workers may be facilitated by increasing job satisfaction, security and respect, and decreasing burnout.
Circulating cell‐free DNA in liver transplantation: A pre‐ and post‐transplant biomarker of graft dysfunction
Authors: Sorbini Monica , Carradori Tullia , Patrono Damiano , Togliatto Gabriele , Caorsi Cristiana , Vaisitti Tiziana , Mansouri Morteza , Delsedime Luisa , Vissio Elena , De Stefano Nicola , Papotti Mauro , Amoroso Antonio , Romagnoli Renato , Deaglio Silvia
Published: November 2024

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) is still limited by organ shortage and post‐transplant monitoring issues. While machine perfusion techniques allow for improving organ preservation, biomarkers like donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) and mitochondrial cfDNA (mt‐cfDNA) may provide insights into graft injury and viability pre‐ and post‐LT.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on LT recipients (n = 45) to evaluate dd‐cfDNA as a biomarker of graft dysfunction during the first 6 months after LT. Dd‐cfDNA was quantified on blood samples collected pre‐LT and post‐LT using droplet digital PCR. In livers undergoing dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (D‐HOPE), total cfDNA and mt‐cfDNA levels were measured on perfusate samples collected at 30‐min intervals. Correlations with graft function and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results

Dd‐cfDNA levels peaked post‐LT and correlated with transaminase levels and histological injury severity. The longitudinal assessment showed that postoperative complications and rejection were associated with an increase in dd‐cfDNA levels. Mt‐cfDNA levels in D‐HOPE perfusate correlated with graft function parameters post‐LT and were higher in patients with early allograft dysfunction and severe complications.

Conclusions

This study confirms dd‐cfDNA as a marker of graft injury after LT and suggests that perfusate mt‐cfDNA levels during D‐HOPE correlate with graft function and post‐transplant clinical outcome. Integration of these tests into clinical practice may improve transplant management and viability assessment during hypothermic perfusion.
Somatic co‐alteration signatures are prognostic in high‐grade TP53‐mutated myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Symes Emily O. , Wang Peng , Sojitra Payal , Menon Madhu P. , Patel Anand A. , Hasan Faheema , Ghosh Sharmila , Roloff Gregory W. , Zhou Qianghua , Findley Anthony , Badar Talha , Zhang Jingjing , Tariq Hamza , Chang Hong , Bell Robert C. , Perry Anamarija M. , Venkataraman Girish
Published: November 2024

To assess the relevance of co‐occurring somatic mutations in TP53‐mutated myeloid neoplasms with ≥10% blasts, we pooled 325 individuals from 10 centres. We focused on comparing three published somatic co‐alteration signatures comprising (1) nine MDS‐related genes (‘ICC‐MDSR’), (2) ICC‐MDSR + additional secondary mutations‐related genes (‘Tazi signature’) and (3) EPI6 (comprising six genes). Outcomes examined were 24‐month overall survival (OS24) and front‐line complete response (CR1). The median age was 69 years with 77% receiving front‐line hypomethylating agents (HMA). All three signatures ICC‐MDSR (p = 0.009), Tazi signature (p = 0.001) and EPI6 (p = 0.025) predicted inferior CR1. In the low‐intensity (HMA) subgroup, only Tazi signature (p = 0.026) predicted inferior CR1. In OS24 analysis of the HMA‐treated subgroup (N = 200), only Tazi signature was adverse (hazard ratio, HR = 1.6 [1.1–2.2]; p = 0.011). However, a forward stepwise multivariable age‐adjusted Cox model including all three signatures picked EPI6 as the sole significant adverse predictor in the entire cohort (p = 0.0001) as well as within the HMA‐treated subgroup (p = 0.0071). These data confirm the value of testing co‐occurring somatic alterations even within a high‐grade TP53‐mutated myeloid neoplasm cohort.
Reserve Price (In)equivalence: Shill Bidding to Lower the Reserve Price
Authors: Jeong Seungwon (Eugene)
Published: November 2024

The optimal reserve price of the third‐price auction with two bidders differs from that with more than two bidders, whereas the optimal reserve price of the second‐price auction is the same regardless of the number of bidders. We generalize this result to the kth‐price multiunit auctions with single‐unit demand, and introduce a new kind of shill‐bidding incentive of bidders in order to lower the reserve price. Alongside budget constraints caused by overbidding, this may explain why third‐price auctions are rare in practice.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Fok Jacquelyn Chi Ying , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Chan Shannon Melissa
Published: November 2024

With technological advances in endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) was introduced as a treatment option for acute cholecystitis. Recently, new studies have emerged, suggesting that EUS‐GBD has a lower adverse event rate and reintervention rate, when compared to percutaneous drainage and endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage. There is growing interest in the different technical aspects of EUS‐GBD, such as the puncture approach, choice of stents, and long‐term management. There are also cohorts on performing EUS‐GBD in potential surgical candidates. This review article gathers the latest evidence on EUS‐GBD, including its indications, procedural techniques, choice of equipment, outcomes, postprocedural care, and the controversial extended indications.
[225Ac]Ac‐PSMA for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garo Maria Luisa , Ovčariček Petra Petranović , Fanti Stefano , Giovanella Luca
Published: November 2024

Background

Approximately 10%–20% of prostate cancers progress to metastatic and castration‐resistant forms (mCRPC). Radioligand (RLT) therapy with [177Lu]Lu‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an approved treatment for metastasized mCRPC. Moreover, Actinium‐225 (225Ac), an alpha‐emitter isotope, has also been used to label PSMA and, recently, to treat mCRPC patients with encouraging results. However, robust clinical data on [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA therapy and its comparison with [177Lu]Lu‐PSMA are still limited. Our aim was to evaluate the role of [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA in treating mCRPC and compare it with conventional [177Lu]Lu‐PSMA therapy.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials from June 2023 to January 2024. This work was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

After screening and study selection according to PRISMA guidelines, 11 studies were included, 9 of which focused on [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA only and two on tandem therapy ([225Ac]Ac‐PSMA/[177Lu]Lu‐PSMA). Overall, the pooled proportion of PSA decline in patients was .85 (95% CI: .79–.91, p < .001); patients pretreated with [177Lu]Lu‐PSMA achieved a pooled proportion of PSA decline of .90 (95% CI: .82–.97, p < .001). In patients treated with tandem therapy, PSA decline was observed in approximately 90% of them, while PSA response rates above 50% ranged from 53.3% to 65%. Xerostomia was the most frequently reported side effect, along with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions

Overall, the main results of our study showed that [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA‐617 had a significant therapeutic effect on mCRPC with an acceptable toxicity level. The latter, however, appears greater than with [177Lu]Lu‐PSMA‐617. In future studies, an adequate analysis of the incidence of side effects associated with [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA should be performed to evaluate the role of cumulative toxicity of earlier treatments and the higher frailty of heavily pretreated patients.
Gene expression patterns of the LDL receptor and its inhibitor Pcsk9 in the adult zebrafish brain suggest a possible role in neurogenesis
Authors: Gence Laura , Morello Elena , Rastegar Sepand , Apalama Marie Laurine , Meilhac Olivier , Bascands Jean‐Loup , Diotel Nicolas
Published: November 2024

The low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) is the first member of a closely related transmembrane protein family. It is known for its involvement in various physiological processes, mainly in the regulation of lipid metabolism, especially in the brains of mammals and zebrafish. In zebrafish, two ldlr genes (ldlra and b) have been identified and their distribution in the brain is not well documented. Recently, the roles of ldlr and its inhibitor pcsk9 in regenerative process after telencephalic brain injury have been discussed. In this study, we explored the expression patterns of these genes during zebrafish development. We found that ldlra expression was detected at the end of the pharyngula period (48 hpf) and increased during the larval stage. Conversely, ldlrb expression was observed from zygotic to larval stages. Using techniques like in situ hybridization and taking advantage of transgenic fish, we demonstrated the widespread distribution of ldlra, ldlrb and pcsk9 in the brain of adult zebrafish. Specifically, these genes were expressed in neurons and neural stem cells and also at lower levels in endothelial cells. As expected, intraperitoneal injection of fluorescent‐labelled LDLs resulted in their uptake by cerebral endothelial cells in a homeostatic context, whereas they diffused within the brain parenchyma after telencephalic injury. However, after intracerebroventricular injections into animals, LDL particles were not taken up by neural stem cells. In conclusion, our results provide additional evidence for LDLr expression in the brain of adult zebrafish. These results raise the question of the role of LDLr in the cholesterol/lipid imbalance in cerebral complications.
Do immune checkpoint inhibitors affect the course of multiple sclerosis? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gelibter Stefano , Saraceno Lorenzo , Susani Emanuela , Pirro Fiammetta , Sessa Maria , Protti Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Elderly people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) present higher probability of malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve cancer prognosis but pose risk of disease flares in people with pre‐existing autoimmune conditions, including MS. Data addressing the impact of ICIs on MS are scarce. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the effects of ICIs on MS disease activity.

Methods

A systematic literature search in Google Scholar and PubMed, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, identified five observational studies. Data on clinical and neuroradiological outcomes were analyzed using random‐effects models.

Results

The clinical activity meta‐analysis included 90 pwMS undergoing ICI therapy (median follow‐up = 0.62–1.85 years, 103.74 patient‐years). The pooled relapse rate was 5.45 per 100 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.86–14.92). Median time to relapse was 1 month after the ICI start (range = 0.4–6 months). No relapse occurred after 58 years. The neuroradiological activity meta‐analysis was conducted on 36 pwMS (median magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] follow‐up = 0.75–1.85 years, 41.94 patient‐years). The pooled new MRI lesion rate was 24.9 per 100 patient‐years (95% CI = 10.9–47.3), with median time to new MRI lesions of 3 months (range = 1–6 months). In 80% of cases, disease‐modifying treatment (DMT) was suspended at ICI initiation.

Conclusions

We found a low relapse rate in pwMS following ICI treatment, with no events in older pwMS. The risk of neuroradiological activity appears higher, but mainly occurs in pwMS who discontinued DMT. All events occurred within the first 6 months of ICI therapy. These conclusions are based on small observational studies, highlighting the urgent need for further research on this topic.
WONOEP appraisal: Genetic insights into early onset epilepsies
Authors: Quatraccioni Anne , Cases‐Cunillera Silvia , Balagura Ganna , Coleman Matthew , Rossini Laura , Mills James D. , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M. , Moshé Solomon L. , Sankar Raman , Baulac Stéphanie , Noebels Jeffrey L. , Auvin Stéphane , O'Brien Terence J. , Henshall David C. , Akman Özlem , Galanopoulou Aristea S.
Published: November 2024

Early onset epilepsies occur in newborns and infants, and to date, genetic aberrations and variants have been identified in approximately one quarter of all patients. With technological sequencing advances and ongoing research, the genetic diagnostic yield for specific seizure disorders and epilepsies is expected to increase. Genetic variants associated with epilepsy include chromosomal abnormalities and rearrangements of various sizes as well as single gene variants. Among these variants, a distinction can be made between germline and somatic, with the latter being increasingly identified in epilepsies with focal cortical malformations in recent years. The identification of the underlying genetic mechanisms of epilepsy syndromes not only revolutionizes the diagnostic schemes but also leads to a better understanding of the diseases and their interrelationships, ultimately providing new opportunities for therapeutic targeting. At the XVI Workshop on Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP 2022, Talloires, France, July 2022), various etiologies, research models, and mechanisms of genetic early onset epilepsies were presented and discussed.
Time‐varying group common factors in the stock market anomalies
Authors: Sakemoto Ryuta
Published: November 2024

This study investigates group common factors within six anomaly groups using a factor model with time‐varying coefficients and stochastic volatility. We explore the time‐varying relative contributions of group common factors in explaining the variation of each anomaly's return. We demonstrate that the relative importance is heterogeneous across the anomaly groups. The relative importance of the value group common factor decreased during the global financial crisis (GFC) and the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 because the GFC and the pandemic were associated with cash flow and earnings. Moreover, we reveal that business cycles have heterogeneous impacts on the group common factors.
Gingivitis Control in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease by a Need‐Related Programme: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Höfer Karolin C. , Hanna Witte , Isabelle Graf , Anna Golka , Anne Adams , Barbe Anna Greta , Weber Lutz Thorsten , Noack Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Children and young patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at persistent risk of gingivitis despite usual preventive measures. This clinical study aimed to determine the efficacy of an intensive oral preventive programme (OPP) for young patients with CKD in treating plaque‐induced gingivitis modified by systemic factors.

Methods

Young patients with CKD (N = 30) were recruited/randomised to a need‐related OPP (n = 15) or treatment as usual (TAU) including mainly motivation and instructions (controls, n = 15) followed by a single intensive prophylactic appointment after 3 months. For the OPP group, depending on the baseline degree of inflammation (PBI) professional mechanical plaque removal, local chlorhexidine gel application and mouth rinse were applied at need‐related appointments focussing on local plaque control and reduction in inflammation.

Results

After 3 months OPP, lower plaque indices were found (2.62–0.66, p < 0.05) in contrast to TAU (2.32–2.05, p > 0.05) with differences between study groups (p < 0.05). Regarding gingivitis, lower PBI values than baseline were observed in OPP (1.03–0.05, p < 0.05) than TAU (1.15–1.00; p > 0.05); OPP reductions (effect size) were higher than after a single intensive appointment (1.00–0.36; p < 0.05). Degree of immunosuppressive therapy did not differ between groups throughout the study.

Conclusions

Young patients with CKD suffer from generalised gingivitis with increased bleeding sites. This moderate degree of inflammation shows a normal distribution of high and low plaque responders, with no pattern of impact for the degree of immunosuppression. Effectiveness and duration of preventive measures follow a dose–response principle. Therefore, need‐related preventive measures should be implemented and maintained in future regular care for CKD patients.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register, registration number: DRKS00010580
Postoperative infections after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy in a single large institution: Effect of type and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration
Authors: Mitsui Masao , Sadahira Takuya , Nagasaki Naoya , Maruyama Yuki , Sekito Takanori , Iwata Takehiro , Katayama Satoshi , Bekku Kensuke , Araki Motoo
Published: November 2024

Objective

We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative infections after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) according to the type and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration.

Methods

A total of 1038 patients underwent RARP at our institution from 2010 to 2021; 1026 patients (201 in the cefazolin [CEZ] group and 825 in the ampicillin/sulbactam [ABPC/SBT] group) were analyzed, and 12 who used other antibiotics were excluded. The primary endpoint was the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI), and remote infection (RI). T‐tests, propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of type and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration.

Results

The incidence of UTI was 2.5% (5/201) in the CEZ group and 3.2% (26/825) in the ABPC/SBT group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.622). The rates of SSI and RI were comparable between groups (p = 0.680 and 0.906, respectively). Although the duration of antimicrobial therapy was longer in the ABPC/SBT group (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the incidence of UTI/SSI/RI after PSM and IPTW (all p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neither the type of antibiotic nor the duration of administration affected the incidence of UTI/SSI/RI.

Conclusion

The risk of postoperative UTI/SSI/RI after RARP did not change with the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy.
Review of doxycycline for prophylaxis of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Stratman Scott , Zampella John G.
Published: November 2024

The surging rates of STIs necessitate medical practitioners in the appropriate specialties to focus on rapid recognition, treatment and prevention of these conditions. Through both pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline, dermatologists can provide up‐to‐date treatment in the field of venereology. Herein, we review the results of clinical trials in the available literature that investigate doxycycline prophylaxis in the prevention of bacterial STIs. A search was performed using the PubMED and Scopus databases which yielded six clinical trials for our review. Based on the results of these clinical trials, doxycycline prophylaxis offers significant reductions in bacterial STIs, specifically in men who have sex with men (MSM). Additional research is needed in other high‐risk groups, including females. Moreover, additional research is needed to determine the effects of doxycycline prophylaxis on tetracycline resistance in STI‐causing bacteria. As the utilization of doxycycline prophylaxis for STIs becomes more common, it is important that dermatologists become familiar with the data surrounding this prevention regimen and patient populations who may seek to know more about it. More research is needed to determine benefits in other subpopulations, antimicrobial resistance and cost effectiveness.
Network analysis of lawyer referral markets: Evidence from Indiana
Authors: Liu Jing , Hyman David A.
Published: November 2024

Using network analysis, we study referrals among plaintiff‐side lawyers handling medical malpractice cases in Indiana. The referral network is stratified, with a few highly connected “hub” firms. Firm connectivity follows a power law distribution—suggesting that new entrants tend to associate with already well‐connected firms, rather than starting a new network. Regression analysis shows that, for a given firm, connectivity (i.e., node degree) in the referral network and being loyal to a smaller number of firms both lead to better outcomes in non‐referred cases. The referral network also became more concentrated over time. The stratification of the market for plaintiff‐side representation is reinforced through these processes.
Effects of Attachment Orientation and Designed Vertical Movement on Molar Distalisation With Clear Aligners: A Biomechanical Finite Element Study
Authors: Li Jialun , Yang Yi , He Xian , Lai Wenli , Long Hu
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of molar attachment orientation and designed molar vertical movement on molar distalisation using clear aligners. Specifically, the study focused on the impact of vertical forces during upper second molar distalisation.

Materials and Methods

A three‐dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to simulate upper molar distalisation using clear aligners. Four attachment orientations (0°, 45°, 90° and 135°) were designed. The study included three scenarios: distalisation alone; distalisation combined with intrusion; and distalisation combined with extrusion. The displacement tendencies and stress distribution on the second molar under various attachment orientations and vertical movements were analysed.

Results

Molar distalisation resulted in buccal tipping, distal tipping and intrusion tendency in all models. The molar with 135° attachment orientation exhibited the most significant distal movement under intrusive force, while the one with 45° attachment showed the greatest distal movement under extrusive force. Additionally, greater distal movement was achieved with intrusive force compared to extrusive force, likely due to improved aligner grip on the attachments and teeth during intrusion.

Conclusion

Attachment orientation significantly affects the effectiveness of molar distalisation and vertical movement with clear aligners. The 90° attachment group achieved the most effective molar distalisation. The 135° attachment is more effective under intrusive force, while the 45° attachment is preferable under extrusive force.
Radiographic Assessment of Root/Crown Ratio and Short Root Anomaly: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Population
Authors: Ye Yuer , Pan Yiqi , Zhang Hui , Chen Yani , Yang Guoli , Jiang Zhiwei , Wang Ying
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Research suggested that racial and gender differences may exist in tooth root development and the prevalence of short root anomaly (SRA). However, data on Asian and specifically Chinese populations were limited. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SRA and the characteristics of the root‐to‐crown ratio (R/C ratio) within the Chinese population.

Materials and Methods

Modified Lind's criteria were used to measure the crown and root lengths in permanent dentition. A total of 27 142 teeth from 1000 subjects were evaluated using panoramic radiographs. Fisher's exact test was employed to analyse gender differences in SRA. Paired‐sample and independent‐sample t tests were used to assess the characteristics of R/C ratios.

Results

SRA was observed in 27 patients, with a prevalence of 2.7% and a tooth prevalence of 0.309%. Females had a significantly higher prevalence of SRA compared to males (p < 0.01). SRA was found exclusively in incisors (83.72%) and premolars (16.28%), with the maxillary central incisor being the most commonly affected tooth. Additionally, there were statistical differences in the R/C ratio based on gender and jaw position in the normal groups. The highest R/C ratios were observed in the mandibular second premolars, while the maxillary central incisors had the lowest ratios.

Conclusions

SRA was relatively common in the Chinese population, and clinicians should be aware of its presence. It was more frequently observed in females and shows specificity in tooth position, with the maxillary central incisor being the most commonly affected tooth. Our study provides valuable insights for the early diagnosis and treatment of SRA in the Chinese population.
Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tract in a 12‐Year‐Old Patient: Case Report
Authors: Kaučikaitė Indrė , Lodienė Greta , Skučaitė Neringa
Published: November 2024

An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is considered an uncommon skin lesion resulting from a dental infection. In most cases of periapical abscesses, the sinus tract emerges intraorally, but rarely may appear on the cutaneous surface. The nonspecific clinical symptoms and diverse appearance of such lesions can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment of patients. In cases of non‐healing facial lesions, it is recommended to consider referring the patient for a comprehensive dental examination to prevent inappropriate treatment.
Nutrition Literacy, Neighborhood, and Diet
Authors: Peña Sylvia , Frenn Marilyn , Garcia Juanita , Gretebeck Randall , Singh Maharaj
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study examined the influence of nutrition literacy and neighborhood on diet quality within the Mexican‐origin population residing in the United States, addressing a gap in existing literature that lacks focus on specific Latinx subgroups.

Design

This study used a descriptive, correlational design to examine the relationships between nutrition literacy, neighborhood ranking, and diet quality.

Sample

A total of 130 Mexican origin participants living in the United States completed all components of this study.

Measurements

Participants completed demographics, the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit), Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and Diet History Questionnaire III (DHQ3).

Results

Compared to the national average of 59, participants’ average score was 63.16. When examining subgroups of diet quality, participants scored poorly compared to the national average for saturated fats, seafood, and plant proteins. Nutrition literacy was a predictor of total protein foods, seafood, and plant proteins, while the ADI was a predictor of increased refined grains score.

Conclusion

The present study provides insights about the influencing factors of diet quality in this population. Given the essential role diet has in shaping health outcomes and preventing chronic illness, addressing dietary subgroups within the Latinx population is critical to accurately informing nursing interventions and patient education.
Disaster Management Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of Individuals Who Survived the Earthquake in Turkey in the Earthquake of the Century: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ulutaşdemir Nilgün , Uzun Sevda , Kulakaç Nurşen
Published: November 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine the disaster management experiences and psychosocial problems of individuals who survived the earthquake in Turkey during the earthquake of the century.

Materials and Methods

A qualitative research design, phenomenological research, was applied in this study. This qualitative study included 33 volunteer earthquake survivors. The interviews were conducted using WhatsApp. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Results

In the analysis of the data, five themes (perception of the earthquake concept, things to do during an earthquake, actions taken to survive under the rubble, meeting everyday chores and dealing with post‐earthquake challenges, perceptions of disaster management), and fifteensubthemes (features of the earthquake, emotions, thoughts, correct actions, incorrect actions, actions for the body, situation‐oriented actions, housing, nutrition, hygiene, sleep, security, preparation, coping, and intervention) were identified.

Conclusion

The study showed that the earthquake negatively affected individuals psychosocially, but the effective spiritual coping mechanisms utilized to cope with the catastrophic event under the rubble supported the survival process. In addition, it was determined that the participants believed that religion and spirituality were important in coping with the earthquake.
Methods for 3D evaluation and quantification of gingival recessions and gingival margin changes: Advancements from conventional techniques
Authors: Gkantidis Nikolaos , Dritsas Konstantinos , Ghamri Mohammed , Halazonetis Demetrios , Sculean Anton
Published: November 2024

In an era of increasing life expectancy and growing patient demands towards lifelong natural tooth retention, accurate assessment of gingival recessions is crucial for diagnosing periodontal diseases, planning preventive or restorative interventions, and evaluating their outcomes. The traditional two‐dimensional (2D) methods, while useful, often fall short in capturing the complex topography of gingival tissue margins and their changes over time. By examining relevant published studies, this review highlights the transition from 2D to 3D techniques, analyzing the limitations of widely used 2D approaches, while emphasizing the potential of novel 3D tools and techniques. It discusses their comparative effectiveness, accuracy, and application challenges in clinical and research settings. Advancements in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging regarding methodologies for the precise evaluation and quantification of free gingival margin changes and gingival recessions are explored and critically evaluated. The review underscores the potential for these technologies to enhance patient outcomes through more precise diagnosis and data generation. It also identifies gaps in current research and suggests directions for future investigation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in 3D evaluation methods for gingival recessions and gingival margin changes, offering valuable insights for clinicians and researchers.
Evaluating use of evidence in U.S. state governments: A conjoint analysis
Authors: Xu Chengxin , Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Wang Shuping , Merrick Weston , Carter Patrick
Published: November 2024

Evidence‐based practice (EBP) has become a global public management movement to improve constituents' lives through government decision making. However, how civil servants' decisions are influenced by scientific evidence remains unanswered. In this study, we answer two related research questions: (1) How do different elements of evidence impact civil servants' program preferences? (2) How does the rating of evidence influence their program preferences? Collaborating with major governmental and nonprofit agencies that promote the use of EBPs, we invited civil servants from three U.S. state governments to a paired conjoint experiment. Our analysis shows that: Civil servants prefer programs with evidence that is: (1) from their own states; (2) more recent; (3) shows positive effect on people from different demographic groups; and is (4) created by independent government teams and university research teams. We also find the “evidence‐based” rating drives civil servants' preferences toward evidence with higher internal validity.
Interpreting Action with Norms: Responsibility and the Twofold Nature of the Ought‐Implies‐Can Principle
Authors: Figueroa Rubio Sebastián
Published: November 2024

This article examines the application of the ought‐implies‐can principle in the legal domain, especially in the relationship between obligations and responsibility. It addresses the challenge of cases in which an agent cannot do what is required of her, and yet it seems plausible to say that she has an obligation. To deal with these cases, two parallel distinctions are made: between rules of conduct and rules of imputation, and between doings and things done. It is proposed that these distinctions show that the principle operates in two different but complementary ways: as part of prescriptive relations and as part of responsibility practices.
Examining whether method of suicide exposure and closeness to decedent relate to firearm storage practices
Authors: Albury Evan A. , Gerner Jessica L. , Jobes David A. , Tucker Raymond P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

One factor that can influence whether someone will engage in secure firearm storage is having a suicide exposure (SE). Daruwala et al. (2018) examined this and found that individuals with an SE, without considering perceived closeness, did not significantly differ from those who did not have an SE in their firearm storage practices. Thus, the present study aimed to replicate and extend the research of Daruwala et al. (2018) by examining if the method of suicide (by firearm or other means) and closeness of suicide decedent relate to secure firearm storage practices.

Methods

308 male firearm owners completed self‐report measures assessing SE, perceived closeness to decedent, and current firearm storage practices. Chi square and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Suicide loss exposure, regardless of method used in suicide, did not relate to firearm storage practices in this sample. We also found that there was no association between perceived closeness to the decedent who died by suicide by firearm and secure storage, without considering age.

Conclusions

Results underscore the difficulty in helping male firearm owners develop personally salient reasons to increase safety with firearms. Implications for clinical care, firearm safety, and public health initiatives are explored.
Platelet storage failure—Metformin as causative agent
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , Kelly Kathleen , Nemkov Travis , Leite Caroline , Gresens Chris J. , Stanley Crystal , D'Alessandro Angelo , Vassallo Ralph R.
Published: November 2024

Background

Pathogen reduction technology (PRT)‐treated apheresis platelets (APs) were returned without platelet swirl and with pH22°C < 6.2. The platelet donor was taking prescription levothyroxine and metformin plus over‐the‐counter medications and supplements. We hypothesized that either PRT or medication was causative.

Study Design and Methods

One AP from a double AP collection from this donor was PRT‐treated, the other unit untreated. Units were assessed over 7‐day storage with a standard panel of platelet assays and metabolomics using high resolution mass spectrometry. The dose effect of metformin on platelets over storage was evaluated in vitro using APs obtained from non‐medicated donors.

Results

This donor's PRT‐ and non‐PRT treated paired units had pH values <6.2 by the end of day 2. Lactate generation rates in the PRT‐ and non‐PRT units were very high compared to previously reported values and approached that reported for anaerobic storage. Metabolomic analysis revealed impairments in a number of energy metabolic pathways between PRT‐ and non‐PRT platelets; however, this did not support a major causative role of PRT in the significant upregulation of lactic acid production. Metformin caused a dose‐dependent upregulation of glycolysis, resulting in pH decline.

Discussion

We conclude that metformin is the most likely cause for this donor's stored platelet pH failures. Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes and is not a donor deferral medication. Further investigation is indicated into the potential impact of metformin on platelet storage characteristics, the potential implications for medication deferral, and the need for additional screening tools in the laboratory.
Experimental Investigation on Sediment Erosion and Diffusion Characteristics During Coandă-Effect-Based Nodule Collection
Authors: Li Yuyao , Zhao Guocheng , Xiao Longfei
Published: November 2024

Small-scale experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the sediment erosion and diffusion characteristics during Coandă-effect-based polymetallic nodule collection under a viscous sediment bed. A protocol for preparing artificial sediments was devised, and 3D scanning technology coupled with turbidimetry techniques was used to quantify the impacts of collector jet velocity v and bottom clearance h on sediment erosion and diffusion. The findings reveal that an increase in v and a decrease in h leads to an increase in the level of disturbance, with a linear trend for some of the indicators, but there are also areas of insensitivity to change. Spatially, sediment particles show a clear tendency of localized aggregation, while temporally, sediment turbidity currents show a trend of short-term fluctuations and long-term stable changes. As a result, the traditional sediment plume monitoring system has been refined, culminating in the proposal of a new monitoring model that optimally balances efficiency and economy.
First report of teratological anomalies in Amblyomma and Dermacentor ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines
Authors: Amarga Ace Kevin , Robbins Richard G. , Tseng Hui-Yun
Published: November 2024

Teratological anomalies are congenital abnormalities manifested in the body structure of an organism because of developmental aberrations. These congenital abnormalities, also known as teratological forms, are rare in ticks (Ixodida) and include cases of asymmetries, atrophies, gynandromorphs, and schizomelies. Such teratological anomalies are underreported in Asia, as evidenced by the relatively few published works on this subject. Here, we describe five cases of teratological anomalies in the ixodid ticks Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, Amblyomma helvolum Koch, and Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto from Taiwan and the Philippines. These are the first records of teratologies in D. taiwanensis and A. cordiferum and only the second report for A. helvolum. Additionally, these are the first published accounts of teratological anomalies in ixodid species from Taiwan and the Philippines.