bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental temperature effects on adipose tissue growth in a hibernator
Authors: MacCannell Amanda D. V. , Sinclair Kevin J. , McKenzie Charles A. , Staples James F.
Published: December 2018

Obligate hibernators express circannual patterns of body mass and hibernation, which persist under constant laboratory conditions. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is important for thermogenesis during arousals from hibernation, whereas White Adipose Tissue (WAT) serves as energy storage and thermal insulation. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental temperature on BAT and WAT. We hypothesized that changes to environmental temperature would not influence the pattern of mass gain or BAT and WAT volume in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). To test this, we housed animals thermoneutral 25°C (warm-housed) or 5°C (cold-housed), with the same photoperiod (12 h light:12 h dark) over an entire year. Throughout the year we measured the volume and water-fat ratio of WAT and BAT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found no evidence of torpor in the warm-housed animals, indicating that this species might not be an obligate hibernator, as previously assumed. Regardless of ambient temperature BAT volume increased prior to winter, then decreased in late winter with no change in water-fat ratio. By contrast both body mass and WAT volume of cold-housed animals declined throughout the winter and recovered after hibernation, but thermoneutral housing produced no circannual pattern in body mass, even though WAT volume declined in late winter. Cold exposure appears to be a primary regulator for WAT but BAT may exhibit an endogenous circannual rhythm in terms of depot volume.
Repercussão dos acordos de leniência e de colaboração premiada celebrados pelo Ministério Público Federal sobre as competências do Tribunal de Contas da União
Authors: Alves Francisco Sérgio Maia
Published: December 2018

Repercussion of the agreements of leniency and award-winning collaboration concluded by the Federal Public Ministry on the competences of the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU — Brazil) O presente trabalho visa analisar a repercussão dos acordos de leniência e de colaboração premiada celebrados pelo Ministério Público Federal no âmbito da esfera de persecução criminal sobre o exercício das competências constitucionais e legais do Tribunal de Contas da União. O artigo busca ainda verificar se o TCU pode dispor sobre a configuração de um débito e identificar quais os requisitos que devem ser atendidos para que o colaborador na instância criminal também aufira benefícios perante a jurisdição de contas. Para tanto, serão examinados o marco jurídico pertinente ao instituto da colaboração premiada e à atividade de controle externo, os termos de colaboração premiada e os acordos de leniência celebrados pelo Ministério Público Federal tornados públicos no âmbito da Operação Lava Jato, a doutrina especializada e as decisões judiciais e de controle externo acerca desses instrumentos processuais. This paper aims to analyze the repercussion of leniency agreements and award-winning collaboration concluded by the Federal Public Ministry in the scope of criminal prosecution on the exercise of the constitutional and legal powers of the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU - Brazil). The paper also seeks to verify if the TCU can dispose on the configuration of a debt and to identify the requirements that must be fulfilled in order the employee in the criminal instance also gains benefits by the jurisdiction of accounts. To this end, will be examined the legal framework pertinent to the Institute for Privileged Collaboration and the external control activity, the terms of award-winning collaboration and the leniency agreements signed by the Federal Public Prosecutor made public under the Lava Jato Operation, the specialized doctrine and the Judicial decisions and external control over these procedural instruments.
Atividade apreciativa da administração pública: uma nova visão sobre a discricionariedade administrativa
Authors: Saddy André
Published: December 2018

Appreciative activity of public administration: a new vision about public discretion O trabalho intitulado Atividade apreciativa da administração pública: uma nova visão sobre a discricionariedade administrativa busca demonstrar a existência de quatro, e não apenas três, formas de subjetividade ou autonomia pública. Além da liberdade de conformação ou configuração, a discricionariedade administrativa em sentido técnico-jurídico e a margem de livre apreciação dos conceitos jurídicos indeterminados, existe, também, o que se pretende chamar de apreciatividade administrativa. O trabalho expressa que a teoria das distintas margens de liberdade/autonomia/volição administrativa não aborda de maneira correta a existência de todas as condutas administrativas, ou seja, deixa de tratar da subjetividade ou da autonomia pública administrativa habilitada por fontes não voluntárias do direito, derivada do conteúdo do direito, dos defeitos do sistema jurídico e do exercício da função, reportando-se normalmente a ações não deônticas, realizadas por agentes públicos que atuam em contato direto com o cidadão, com algum caráter imediato ou urgente, e que são realizadas de maneira rotineira, regular e cotidiana. A proposta, portanto, é teorizar a apreciatividade administrativa. The work entitled Appreciative activity of Public Administration: a new vision about public discretion seeks to demonstrate the existence of four, and not just three forms of subjectivity or public autonomy. In addition to the freedom of conformation or configuration, administrative discretion in technical legal sense and the margin of free appreciativity of indeterminate legal concepts, there is also what you want to call administrative appreciativity. The work expresses the theory of the different margins of freedom / autonomy / administrative volition does not address properly the existence of all administrative conduct, that is, fails to deal with subjectivity or public administrative autonomy enabled by non-voluntary sources of law, derived from the content of law, the shortcomings of the legal system and the role of exercise, reporting often to non deontic actions held by public agents who work in direct contact with citizens, with some immediate or urgent, and they’ve done routine, regular, everyday way. The proposal is therefore theorize administrative appreciativity.
Extraction Planning Under Capacity Uncertainty at the Chuquicamata Underground Mine
Authors: Reus Lorenzo , Belbèze Mathias , Feddersen Hans , Rubio Enrique
Published: December 2018

The authors propose an extraction schedule for an underground copper mine. The schedule maximizes profits, considers uncertainties because of equipment failure, and shows that a stochastic-based solution can achieve the same expected profits as a deterministic-based solution.
CANDU FIRE PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT (PRA) MODEL
Authors: Shalabi Hossam , Hadjisophocleous George
Published: December 2018

Fire Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is being introduced to the fire protection engineering practice both locally and worldwide. The commercial nuclear power industry has also experiencing the impact of this new approach. This paper examines the work performed to assess the relative accuracy of fire models for CANDU nuclear power plant (NPP) applications. The Canadian NPP uses some portions of NUREG/CR-6850 in performing fire PRA. Canadian fire ignition frequencies have been provided by International Fire Data Exchange Project. The CANDU Fire PRA Model can quantitatively evaluate plant damage states and core damage frequencies. This model will assist fire engineers in performing CANDU Fire PRA analysis, by recognizing vulnerabilities related to fire events and will contribute to further improvement of the Canadian NPPs’ safety.
Management of ‘surplus suffering’ in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis to improve patient quality of life
Authors: Burke Therese , Vucic Steve , Patching Joanna
Published: December 2018

Background:

A study exploring the lived experience of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) identified the potential for ‘surplus suffering’ in this group of patients. This article explores the concept of surplus suffering and the role nurses can play in identifying and managing it.

Methods:

Qualitative inquiry, using a form of focused ethnography called life history, explored the experiences of 13 people living with RRMS. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis to reveal key themes from the data.

Findings:

A total of eight key themes explained the journey of living with RRMS. This article explores one particular theme, surplus suffering, as it is novel to the area of multiple sclerosis and neurology, and may severely impact upon quality of life. Surplus suffering is suffering over and above suffering caused by the disease itself, and may be inflicted by healthcare professionals, friends, family and community.

Conclusion:

Awareness by MS and neurology nurses of the potential for surplus suffering, and subsequent management, may enhance clinical nursing care and quality of life for people living with this chronic neurological disease.
Characterization and Validation of Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Staining of the Chemokine CXCL12
Authors: Fricker Simon P. , Sprott Kam , Spyra Melanie , Uhlig Philipp , Lange Nicole , David Kerstin , Wang Yan
Published: December 2018

Chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in cancer biology. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is essential for the homing and retention of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow niches, and has a significant role in neonatal development. It is also implicated in multiple facets of cancer biology including metastasis, angiogenesis/neo-vasculogenesis, and immune cell trafficking at the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an ideal method for investigating involvement of CXCL12 in the TME. Three antibodies were evaluated here for their suitability to stain CXCL12. Both D8G6H and K15C gave apparent specific staining in both lymphoid and tumor tissue, but with converse staining patterns. D8G6H stained cells in the parafollicular zone whereas K15C showed staining of lymphoid cells in the interfollicular zone of tonsil tissue. Using a cell line with high CXCL12 expression, TOV21G, as a positive control, it was found that D8G6H gave strong staining of TOV21G cells whereas no staining was observed with K15C indicating that D8G6H specifically stains CXCL12. Significant staining of CXCL12 in the ovarian TME using tissue microarray was observed using D8G6H. These data demonstrate the importance of antibody characterization for IHC applications, and provide further evidence for the involvement of CXCL12 in ovarian cancer biology.
Cold Ischemia Score: An mRNA Assay for the Detection of Extended Cold Ischemia in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
Authors: Mathieson William , Mommaerts Kathleen , Trouet Johanna M. , Mathay Conny , Guan Ping , Carithers Latarsha J. , Rohrer Daniel , Valley Dana R. , Blanski Alexander , Jewell Scott , Moore Helen M. , Betsou Fay
Published: December 2018

Although there are thousands of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks potentially available for scientific research, many are of questionable quality, partly due to unknown preanalytical variables. We analyzed FFPE tissue biospecimens as part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables program to identify mRNA markers denoting cold ischemic time. The mRNA was extracted from colon, kidney, and ovary cancer FFPE blocks (40 patients, 10–12 hr fixation time) with 1, 2, 3, and 12 hr cold ischemic times, then analyzed using qRT-PCR for 23 genes selected following a literature search. No genes tested could determine short ischemic times (1–3 hr). However, a combination of three unstable genes normalized to a more stable gene could generate a “Cold Ischemia Score” that could distinguish 1 to 3 hr cold ischemia from 12 hr cold ischemia with 62% sensitivity and 84% specificity.
Vivir y trabajar en fincas, fábricas y talleres. Experiencias de padecimientos y cuidados de mujeres migrantes en Mendoza y Buenos Aires
Authors: Linardelli Maria Florencia , Goldberg Alejandro
Published: December 2018

En las últimas décadas se aprecia un aumento de investigaciones abocadas a la participación de las mujeres en los flujos migratorios. Incluso se afirma que asistimos a un proceso de “feminización de las migraciones” que implica el aumento de la cantidad de mujeres involucradas en los movimientos poblacionales de manera autónoma y la visibilización de su participación histórica. En ese contexto, ha cobrado relevancia dentro de las ciencias sociales la relación entre migraciones protagonizadas por mujeres y la salud/enfermedad/cuidado. El artículo propone un diálogo entre dos casos de estudio etnográficos situados en Argentina: 1) mujeres migrantes que trabajan en la agricultura en Mendoza; y 2) migrantes bolivianas insertas en talleres textiles de Buenos Aires. Mediante un enfoque comparativo exploramos las condiciones en que acontecen sus trayectorias migratorias y los modos de vida/ vivienda/trabajo en la sociedad a la que migraron, sus narrativas del padecimiento y las estrategias de cuidado que despliegan para recuperar la salud.
Gender and Student Participation
Authors: Leraas Bethany C. , Kippen Nicole R. , Larson Susan J.
Published: December 2018

Active class participation has been associated with student engagement and can be an important aspect of a successful learning experience in college classrooms. Several factors influence student participation including classroom dynamics (such as classroom connectedness, instructor-student rapport) and individual characteristics (such as biological sex and psychological gender).  With respect to individual characteristics, previous research has evaluated sex differences in participation and has yielded inconsistent findings. The present study investigated the relationship between psychological gender and student participation both in- and out-of-class. Classroom connectedness and professor-student rapport were assessed as possible moderating factors. Results indicated that masculinity and androgyny were associated with more in-class participation while femininity and androgyny were associated with student professor interaction outside of class. While both classroom connectedness and instructor-student rapport were correlated with student participation, there was no evidence of them moderating the relationship between gender and participation. Professor gender type was not associated with student participation. Implications for college classrooms and higher education are discussed.
Discovery Learning: Development of a Unique Active Learning Environment for Introductory Chemistry
Authors: Ott Laura E , Carpenter Tara S. , Hamilton Diana S , LaCourse William R.
Published: December 2018

It is well established that active learning results in greater gains in student conceptual knowledge and retention compared to traditional modes of learning.  However, active learning can be very difficult to implement in a large-enrollment course due to various course and institutional barriers.  Herein, we describe the development and implementation of Discovery Learning, a novel active learning discussion/recitation for a large enrollment general chemistry course.  Drawing on the very successful cooperative learning pedagogies Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) and Student-Centered Active Learning Environment with Upside-down Pedagogies (SCALE_UP), Discovery Learning involves students working in self-managed teams on inquiry problems in a unique learning environment, the Chemistry Discovery Center.  In this case study, we will describe the design and implementation of Discovery Learning and report data on its successes, which include increased student performance and retention.
Den Schul(um)bau sozial-ökologisch gestalten: Das Reallabor STADT-RAUM-BILDUNG stellt erste Ergebnisse vor
Authors: Kirschbaum Marc , Wacker Albrecht
Published: December 2018

Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter, Inklusion, Ganztags- und Gemeinschaftsschule ‐ die Schulen stehen vor einem Paradigmenwechsel. Vertreter(innen) von kommunalen Ämtern und Schulen forschen gemeinsam mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren und Architekt(inn)en im Reallabor STADT-RAUM-BILDUNG
an sozial-ökologischen Lösungen.
Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of two POC tests for therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab
Authors: Van den Bossche Dorien , De Smet Dieter , Debrabandere Johan , Vanpoucke Hilde
Published: December 2018

Background

Infliximab (IFX) is an effective therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Serum IFX trough concentrations correlate well with clinical, biological and endoscopic outcomes. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab is useful for dose optimization and prevention of secondary treatment failure. In the present study, analytical and clinical performance of two point-of-care (POC) tests, RIDA®QUICK IFX Monitoring assay (R-biopharm) and Quantum Blue® Infliximab assay (Bühlmann), have been evaluated and compared to our established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (apDia IFX ELISA).

Methods

Analytical performance was assessed according to the CLSI EP5-A2 protocol using the manufacturer’s kit controls and different serial dilution series. Method comparison with our established ELISA was done using a wide range of consecutive patient samples (n=180). Clinical concordance was evaluated by categorization based on well-known therapeutic cut-off points (3–7 μg/mL).

Results

The analytical performance of both POC tests was inferior to the established ELISA, but acceptable based on the manufacturer’s quality claims. Eight-point serial dilution confirmed the analytical performance data in the low-level measuring range. Eleven-point serial dilution demonstrated linearity for both POC tests over the studied concentration range. Method comparison with the ELISA showed significant negative proportional bias for the RIDA®QUICK IFX Monitoring assay. However, good correlation and clinical concordance were shown. Quantum Blue® Infliximab assay showed a significant positive proportional and a negative systematic bias in comparison with the ELISA, resulting in overestimation of IFX levels with impact on clinical concordance data.

Conclusions

Both POC tests have their own specific benefits and drawbacks but are suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of IFX. However, long-term monitoring of IFX trough levels requires measurement of IFX concentrations with the same assay.
Sensitization of an austenitic stainless steel due to the occurrence of δ-ferrite
Authors: Arganis-Juárez Carlos R. , Vázquez Audi , Garza-Montes-de-Oca Nelson F. , Colás Rafael
Published: December 2018

A series of analyses were conducted on samples of an austenitic type 304 stainless steel that exhibited a high degree of sensitization (DOS) after being subjected to a solution annealing treatment at 1050°C. The DOS was detected by electrochemical potentiokinetic tests. Examination by scanning electron microscopy of etched samples revealed the presence of δ-ferrite within the austenitic matrix, and of the segregation of chromium and nickel in either phase; images obtained by atomic force microscopy revealed localized attack at the austenite/δ-ferrite interface. It was found that the DOS and the ferrite number of the steel were reduced as the material was held at the solution temperature for longer times. Aging at 650°C showed precipitation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries and at the austenite/δ-ferrite interface; this treatment increased the DOS.
Sample transportation – an overview
Authors: Nybo Mads , Cadamuro Janne , Cornes Michael P. , Gómez Rioja Rubén , Grankvist Kjell
Published: December 2018

Transportation of blood samples is a major part of the preanalytical pathway and can be crucial in delaying laboratory results to the clinicians. A variety of aspects however makes sample transportation a complex, challenging and often overlooked task that needs thorough planning and dedicated resources. The purpose of this review is to outline the options available for this task and to emphasize the preanalytical aspects that need consideration in this process, e.g. performance specifications for sample transportation as stated in ISO standards 15189 and 20658, quality control of automated transportation systems, monitoring of sample integrity parameters and temperature surveillance in general and for external samplers in particular. All these are tasks that the laboratory must assure on a daily basis in terms of continuous quality control, and simultaneously the laboratory must remain alert to alterations in clinical demands (sample frequency, turn-around-times) and new regulations within this area (e.g. the recent General Data Protection Regulation from the EU).
Identification of risk investment using the risk matrix on railway facilities
Authors: Kowalski Jan , Polonski Mieczyslaw
Published: December 2018

The implementation of construction projects is fraught with many hazards that are difficult to determine at the stage of the tender procedure. Usually, the identification of these hazards rests with the contractors. In many cases this diagnosis is not used due to the lack of access to reliable data and easy-to-use computer programs supporting the risk analysis process.

In order to facilitate the analysis and risk assessment on Polish railway investments, the authors present a proposal for the assessment of potential hazards that may occur during the implementation of these investments with the use of their point assessment. The proposed method is an original attempt to apply a point assessment of risk factors, whose final result is ready investment risk assessment matrices at the design and execution stage of constructionworks. The basis for the development of matrices was questionnaire surveys involving a large group of experts with extensive professional experience. In addition, the project manager can set the partial weights of hazards separately for time and cost hazards depending on the assessment of the planned project. In order to quickly calculate the weights of individual risk factors for any defined time and cost of partial weights, the authors developed the proposed matrices in the form of a calculation sheet. The matrices can be used to assess potential hazards to future infrastructure investments.
Prediction of physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood based on color change evaluated by means of “group method of data handling” (GMDH) neural network
Authors: Nasir Vahid , Nourian Sepideh , Avramidis Stavros , Cool Julie
Published: December 2018

The effect of thermal modification (TM) on the color of western hemlock wood and its physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The focus of this study was the prediction of material properties of thermally modified wood based on the color change via the “group method of data handling (GMDH)” neural network (NN). The NN was trained by color parameters for predicting the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), density, porosity, water absorption (WA), swelling coefficient, dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) and hardness. The color parameters showed a significant correlation with temperature and are well correlated with the heat treatment (HT) intensity. Color parameters combined with the GMDH-type NN successfully predicted the physical properties of the material. The best correlation was achieved with the swelling coefficient, EMC and WA. All these properties were significantly influenced by HT. The color parameters did not seem suitable for predicting the wood hardness and MOEdyn. The GMDH NN shows a higher model accuracy than the multivariate linear and partial least squares (PLS) regression models.
Deformation Behavior and Processing Map during Isothermal Hot Compression of 49MnVS3 Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel
Authors: Wang Qingjuan , Shi Jiamin , Cai Jun , Feng Yaoyao
Published: December 2018

The deformation behavior of 49MnVS3 non-quenched and tempered steel was studied using isothermal compression tests at the temperature range of 750–1000  °C and the strain rate range of 0.1–50 s−1 on a Gleeble-3500 thermal mechanical simulator. The results indicated that the flow stress increases significantly with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. Under the whole deformation conditions, the dependence of flow stress on deformation temperature and strain rate was analyzed by hyperbolic sine equation. Besides, the hot deformation activation energy and stress exponent were calculated to be 323.56 kJ/mol and 6.99, respectively. In addition, the processing map based on dynamic material model was established, and the optimum processing condition of the 49MnVS3 non-quenched and tempered steel can be determined to be at the temperature range of 809–850 °C and strain rate of 36.6 s−1–50 s−1.
MDA-19 suppresses progression of melanoma via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Dang Ningning , Meng Xianguang , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Qian , Sun XiYa , Wei Jingjing , Huang Shuhong
Published: December 2018

Objective

To investigate the effect of MDA-19 on progression of melanoma, and explore the relevant mechanism.

Methods

The melanoma cell lines, M14 and UACC257, were treated with different concentrations of MDA-19, then CCK8, clone formation assay, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed to examine cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 P17), EMT and signaling pathway-related proteins were also detected by Western blot.

Results

MDA-19 inhibited melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to the NC group, MDA-19 significantly inhibited cell growth capacity, migration and invasion of M14 and UACC257 cells, and accelerated cell apoptosis in a mitochondrial pathway through regulating Bcl-2/Bax and Caspase 3 in M14 and UACC257 cells. Moreover, MDA-19 was observed to up-regulate the expression of E-cad and down-regulate the expression of N-cad, Vimentin and Slug in melanoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, MDA-19 could inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway by blocking Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt) and downstream proteins, P70 and Cyclin D1 in M14 and UACC257 cells.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that MDA-19 could inhibit progression of melanoma by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that MDA-19 is a potential anti-cancer agent for therapy of melanoma.
Efforts to improve Japanese women’s status in STEM fields
Authors: Souma Yoshie
Published: December 2018

I discovered novel copper and silver carbonyl catalysts while at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The energy saving synthesis of tert-carboxylic acids was developed using the carbonylation reaction of olefins or alcohols using these novel copper or silver carbonyl catalysts under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. After retiring from the institute, I was involved in efforts to improve women’s status in natural science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. I worked for the gender equality committee of the Chemical Society of Japan and the Japan Inter-Society Liaison Association Committee for Promoting Equal Participation of Men and Women in Science and Engineering, which sent recommendations to the government on how to realize a society with gender equality. The government accepted our recommendations, and the numerical target for female researchers was written into the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan in 2006. Based on the plan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology started programs to aid universities in increasing the percentage of female researchers from 2006.
Surface modification of polymeric flat sheet membranes by adding oligomeric fluoroalcohol
Authors: Kundu Neha , Lee Hyung Keun , Deshwal Bal Raj
Published: December 2018

The present study attempted to modify the surface of polymeric membranes by mixing 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethanol with polyethersulfone to improve the hydrophobicity of the membrane. The characteristics of the surface-modified membrane were examined by using the contact angle, liquid entry pressure (LEPw), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The modified membrane was tested for SO2 absorption. The surface contact angle and LEPw values increased by the addition of fluoroalcohol. The fluorine/carbon atomic ratio decreased with increasing evaporation period. The modified membrane was utilized for the absorption of SO2 from the simulated flue gas in alkaline medium (0.5 m NaOH solution). The SO2 removal efficiency slightly decreased probably due to the transformation of the finger-like structure into a sponge-like structure, and the increase in the membrane resistance. The SO2 absorption rate also increased as the gas flow rate increased.
Macedonian Monument Culture Beyond ‘Skopje 2014’
Authors: Reef Paul
Published: December 2018

While recent studies on Macedonia have mostly focused on ‘Skopje 2014’ as a uniquely excessive project of nation-building, this article analyses local developments in monument culture elsewhere in Macedonia. Disentangling the processes of nation-building since the Ohrid Agreement of 2001, the author distinguishes three coexisting, but competing, repertoires of monument culture, namely a Yugoslav, a Macedonian, and an Albanian one. Each repertoire has been closely associated with ethnicity and the legitimation of ethnopolitical claims, as well as party politics and ideology. The past has continued to divide Macedonians. The author argues that these divisions in Macedonian monument culture reflect the competing and diverging Albanian and Macedonian historical narratives, and amount to effectively mutually exclusive ethnic and ideological nation-building efforts in post-Ohrid Macedonia.
The Far Right in Greece. Paramilitarism, Organized Crime and the Rise of ‘Golden Dawn’
Authors: Tsoutsoumpis Spyridon
Published: December 2018

The article unravels the ties between conservatism, the state, and the far right in Greece. It explores the complex social and political reasons which facilitated the emergence of far-right groups in Greece during the civil war and have allowed them to survive for seven decades and to flourish from time to time. The author pays particular attention to paramilitarism as a distinct component of the Greek far right. He follows the activities of ‘Golden Dawn’ and other far-right groups, in particular their paramilitary branches. To the wider public, among the most shocking aspects of the rise of ‘Golden Dawn’ was the use of violence by its paramilitary branch, tagmata efodou. The article examines the far right’s relationship to the state and the security services, and explores its overall role in Greek politics and society. He demonstrates how an understanding of the decades following the civil war are indispensable to making sense of recent developments.
A ARROGÂNCIA DO SUBDESENVOLVIMENTO VERDE E AMARELO
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo analisa a questão inerente ao irrazoável rigor com o qual os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo tratam a questão dos medicamentos no Brasil, exigindo-se receita médica até mesmo para medicamentos simples, sobrecarregando o Sistema de Saúde Público, que se encontra em situação reconhecidamente caótica. Trata-se de mais um exemplo dos excessos de ingerência do Estado brasileiro em assuntos que muitas vezes podem ser identificados como de natureza privada, sem qualquer benefício para a população, o que se convencionou denominar por a arrogância do subdesenvolvimento.
Apresentação
Authors: De Miranda Maria Geralda
Published: December 2018

A revista Augustus, desde a sua criação, possui a interdisciplinaridade como sua principal marca. Nesta edição, de número 44, temas relevantes relacionados à saúde, à educação ambiental, ao patrimônio cultural, entre outros, são abordados por diversos autores de diferentes partes do Brasil e por meio de abordagens teórico-metodológicas diversas.
A LEI 12.305/2010 E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Reis Danielle , Friede Reis , Dusek Patrícia Maria , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos , Geralda Maria
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho discute a necessária efetivação da Lei nº 12.305/2010, destacando aspectos como a gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos e a responsabilidade compartilhada entre governos e sociedade. Argumenta que uma política pública que se propõe a modificar comportamentos e práticas enraizadas, no tocante ao manejo e gerenciamento do antes considerado lixo, não se constrói apenas com a homologação de uma lei. Conclui-se que para alcançar a etapa do engajamento popular, é necessária a efetivação de políticas públicas de educação ambiental, uma vez que tudo começa na separação e descarte adequado dos resíduos na fonte geradora, o que evita a perda de qualidade dos materiais recicláveis. A população precisa ser educada adequadamente de modo que possa mudar seus hábitos no momento do descarte do lixo.
The key role of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in body fat redistribution
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhu Chunfang , Lu Meng , Chen Chi , Nie Xiaomin , Abudukerimu Buatikamu , Zhang Kun , Ning Zhiyuan , Chen Yi , Cheng Jing , Xia Fangzhen , Wang Ningjian , Jensen Michael D , Lu Yingli
Published: December 2018

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are an ideal therapy for type 2 diabetes and, as of recently, for obesity. In contrast to visceral fat, subcutaneous fat appears to be protective against metabolic diseases. Here, we aimed to explore whether liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, could redistribute body fat via regulating lipid metabolism in different fat depots. After being fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, 50 male Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a diabetic control group, low- and high-dose liraglutide-treated groups and a diet-control group. Different doses of liraglutide (400 μg/kg/day or 1200 μg/kg/day) or an equal volume of normal saline were administered to the rats subcutaneously once a day for 12 weeks. Body composition and body fat deposition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and MRI. Isotope tracers were infused to explore lipid metabolism in different fat depots. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of adipose-related genes. The results showed that liraglutide decreased visceral fat and relatively increased subcutaneous fat. Lipogenesis was reduced in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) but was elevated in subcutaneous WAT. Lipolysis was also attenuated, and fatty acid oxidation was enhanced. The mRNA expression levels of adipose-related genes in different tissues displayed similar trends after liraglutide treatment. In addition, the expression of browning-related genes was upregulated in subcutaneous WAT. Taken together, the results suggested that liraglutide potentially redistributes body fat and promotes browning remodeling in subcutaneous WAT to improve metabolic disorders.
Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveals Functional miRNA-Targets in Development Testes of Small Tail Han Sheep
Authors: Bai Man , Sun Limin , Jia Chao , Li Jiarong , Han Yue , Liu Hang , Chen Yang , Jiang Huaizhi
Published: December 2018

Small Tail Han Sheep is a highly valued local breed in China because of their precocity, perennial estrus, and high fecundity. The average annual lambing rate of ewes is as high as 180–270%, the semen of ram has characteristics of high yield, high density, and good motility. To reveal the key miRNAs and miRNA-targets underlying testis development and spermatogenesis in male Small Tail Han Sheep, integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old testes was performed by RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics methods. The results showed that total of 153 known sheep miRNAs and 2712 novel miRNAs were obtained in 2-,6 - and 12-month-old Small Tail Han Sheep testes; 5, 1, and 4 differentially expressed (DE) known sheep miRNAs, and 132, 105, and 24 DE novel miRNAs were identified in 2- vs. 6-, 6- vs. 12-, and 2- vs. 12-month-old testes, respectively. We combined miRNA results of this study and the mRNA results obtained in our previous study to predict the target mRNAs of DE known sheep miRNAs; 131, 10, and 15 target mRNAs of DE known sheep miRNAs and 76, 1, and 11 DE miRNA–targets were identified in the three groups, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses showed that: in 2- vs. 6-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 100 biological processes and 11 signaling pathways; in 6- vs. 12-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 4 biological processes; and in 2- vs. 12-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 17 biological processes and 4 signaling pathways. Three miR–target regulatory networks were constructed based on these DE miRNA–targets. The key miRNA-Targets involved in testis development and spermatogenesis were screened. 6 known sheep miRNAs and 6 novel miRNAs were selected to validate the accuracy of miRNA sequencing data by qRT-PCR. The binding sites of oar-miR-379-5p with WNT8A was validated by a dual luciferase reporter gene detection system.
Así no se explica la atención conjunta
Authors: Pinzón Anderson
Published: December 2018

La atención conjunta se da cuando dos sujetos atienden al mismo objeto a la vez, y el hecho es cognitivamente abierto. Existen dos enfoques al respecto: el primero reconoce que cada sujeto sabe que el otro está percibiendo lo mismo, es decir, es un co-perceptor; se trata, entonces, de explicar en qué consiste ser un co-perceptor. El segundo enfoque resalta que los sujetos saben que el objeto está siendo percibido por ambos; en dicho caso, se trata de explicar en qué consiste que un objeto sea percibido como perceptualmente compartido. En este texto se analizan las razones del primer enfoque para mostrar por qué es desorientador; y se dan razones para validar el segundo enfoque. La respuesta a la apertura cognitiva abre el camino a la futura investigación en atención conjunta.
Elementos para una teoría de los grados de justificación.
Authors: Garzón- Rodríguez Carlos Andrés
Published: December 2018

En este escrito se presentan las bases de una estrategia pragmática, contextualista e inferencialista para articular una teoría que dé cuenta de los grados de justificación de nuestras aserciones. Se arguye que hay contextos de emisión de aserciones configurados con ciertos criterios inferenciales, los cuales responden a propósitos prácticos o teóricos, y conforman, en consecuencia, diferentes estándares de justificación en esos contextos. Finalmente, a partir de una caracterización de tipos de proposiciones, inferencias, compromisos asertivos y esquemas de justificación, se muestra cómo determinar el grado de justificación alto, medio o bajo de una aserción con respecto a un contexto de emisión de aserciones dado
Estimación de la huella hídrica asociada al proceso de beneficio bovino de la cadena cárnica en los frigoríficos Vijagual y Jongovito (Colombia)
Authors: Zambrano M. A. , Montenegro J. P. , Reyes H.
Published: December 2018

La huella hídrica es un indicador de la apropiación de los recursos de agua dulce y aporta una valiosa información sobre el impacto ambiental que ocasiona un bien o servicio. Por ello, es interesante conocer el consumo de agua y los niveles de contaminación detrás de todo proceso productivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue dar una primera aproximación a la contabilidad de la huella hídrica en el proceso de beneficio bovino en el Frigorífico Vijagual S.A.S. de la ciudad de Bucaramanga y en el Frigorífico Jongovito S.A de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto.  Para el cálculo de la huella hídrica azul se hizo necesario conocer el volumen de agua empleada en el proceso y el del agua que retorna a la fuente hídrica después de su tratamiento.  Para el cálculo de la huella hídrica gris se tomó como indicador la carga contaminante de materia orgánica expresada en DQO, por ser el parámetro de mayor concentración. La huella hídrica verde no se determinó por no tratarse de un proceso agroforestal. Para el Frigorífico Vijagual se obtuvo como resultado una huella hídrica total de 2.583 l/res, mientras que para el Frigorífico Jongovito se obtuvo una huella hídrica de 1.358 l/res. Si bien es cierto estos valores son inferiores a datos nacionales e internacionales, en términos de sostenibilidad es muy importante disminuir el consumo de agua, mejorar cada vez más los sistemas de tratamiento y realizar un esfuerzo en concienciar respecto al uso responsable del agua a sus operarios, en beneficio de las generaciones presentes y futuras.
Productividad y eficiencia de ganaderias lecheras especializadas en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Morales Vallecilla F. , Ortiz Grisales S.
Published: December 2018

El estudio caracterizó la productividad y eficiencia de 52 lecherías especializadas en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Se encontró que en promedio los predios fueron de 41,3 hectáreas y 133 animales, respectivamente. El cuadro reproductivo supuso: días abiertos (97-225), servicios por concepción (1.4-5.4) e in intervalo entre partos en días (IPP) (382-520). Las pasturas básicas fueron estrella C. plestostachyus  y guinea P. maximun, con rendimientos anuales de 18.6 Ton MS.ha-1, un consumo de MS de pasto por vaca de 9.44 Kg y un total de 12.2 kg incluyendo los concentrados. Se determinó una relación lineal: Y=Producción de leche (Kg. Día) = 5.6639 + 0.5513 X, R²=0.77, donde solo con pastoreo las vacas producen 5.66 l.vaca-1día y cada kg de concentrado adicional incrementa en 0.5513 l.vaca-1día. Las vacas productivas fueron 84.8 vacas.hato-1 con 11.9 l.vaca-1día. La carga animal por finca fue 3.2 UGG.Ha-1 con una productividad de 7965 litros.ha-1año; donde por cada UGG que ingresa al sistema, se mejora en 2816 l.Ha-1año. De 34 variables analizadas, las que determinaron la productividad de las fincas fueron: litros totales por lactancia (33,3%), vacas en ordeño (17.7%), Ha productivas (11.0%), l.Ha-1año (7.8%), kg de concentrado (5.3%) y MS del pasto kg.Ha-1(4.5%). Se identificaron cuatro sistemas de producción con base en pastoreo que dependen críticamente de los suplementos concentrados con asimetrías en componentes raciales que afectan negativamente la productividad.
Resistencia a Medicamentos en Mycobacterium tuberculosis: contribución de mecanismos constitutivos y adquiridos
Authors: Gómez Tangarife Verónica , Gómez Restrepo Alex Julián , Robledo Restrepo Jaime Alberto , Hernández Sarmiento José Mauricio
Published: December 2018

En presencia de aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) multifármaco-resistentes (MTB-MDR) y con resistencia extendida (MTB-XDR) las tasas de fracaso de los esquemas estandarizados de tratamiento son altas, constituyéndose en un verdadero problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. La fármaco-resistencia en MTB se debe principalmente a mutaciones en genes blanco; sin embargo, una proporción de aislamientos fármaco-resistentes no presentan mutaciones en dichos genes, sugiriendo la participación de otros mecanismos, tales como permeabilidad reducida de la pared celular, modificación enzimática y/o bombas de eflujo. La resistencia clínica a los medicamentos anti-tuberculosos (anti-TB) ocurre en gran parte como resultado de la selección de mutantes resistentes durante la falta de adherencia del paciente al tratamiento, inapropiados seguimientos y prescripción médica, dosis subóptimas de fármacos y dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud y al tratamiento. Los Avances de la biología molecular y la secuenciación del genoma de MTB han contribuido a mejorar el entendimiento de los mecanismos de resistencia a los principales medicamentos anti-TB. Un mejor conocimiento de los mecanismos de fármaco-resistencia en MTB contribuirá a la identificación de nuevos blancos terapéuticos, al diseño de nuevos medicamentos, al desarrollo de nuevos métodos diagnósticos y/o mejorar las técnicas que actualmente están disponibles para la detección rápida de TB fármaco-resistente. Este artículo presenta una revisión actualizada de los mecanismos y las bases moleculares de la resistencia de MTB a medicamentos anti-TB.
Capacidade para o trabalho entre trabalhadores de enfermagem da atenção básica à saúde. Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Carneiro e Cordeiro Técia Maria , De Araújo Tânia Maria
Published: December 2018

Objetivo Avaliar fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem da atenção básica à saúde na Bahia, Brasil.Métodos Estudo transversal exploratório. Para verificar a capacidade para o trabalho foi utilizado o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho; e a magnitude das associações foi estimada pela regressão logística.Resultados A prevalência da capacidade para o trabalho inadequada foi de 17,9%, estava associada ao vínculo de trabalho efetivo, ao trabalho realizado em apenas um turno, ter desenvolvido doença ocupacional, estar insatisfeito com a capacidade para o trabalho e vivenciar alta exigência no trabalho.Conclusão A capacidade para o trabalho inadequada é um problema de saúde pública no âmbito da saúde do trabalhador; assim, medidas de promoção e prevenção devem ser adotadas nos ambientes laborais, além da implementação de um programa de saúde ocupacional. Com este estudo, confirmou-se a complexidade multidimensional da capacidade para o trabalho e a relevância técnica e científica de futuros estudos para campo da saúde do trabalhador.
Factores asociados con la adherencia a la actividad física en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles
Authors: Quiroz Mora Carlos Andres , Serrato Diana Marcela , Bergonzoli Pelaez Gustavo
Published: December 2018

Objetivo Determinar los factores asociados a la adherencia a la actividad física en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles ECNT en la red de salud Ladera del municipio de Santiago de Cali.Métodos Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con 268 adultos con diagnóstico de Diabetes o Hipertensión u obesidad, 134 casos y 134 controles de la red de salud E.S.E Ladera. Para el análisis univariado se realiza análisis de frecuencias y estadística descriptiva. En el análisis bivariado se aplican pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y t de Student, ambas con un IC del 95%, para el análisis Multivariado se realizó regresión logística binaria y se estimó la razón de probabilidad a través del Odds Ratio (OR).Resultados Factores con OR<1: la autopercepción del estado de salud, espacios adecuados para la actividad física, autocuidado de la salud, periodicidad de actividad, demostraron ser facilitadores para la adherencia a la actividad física. Los factores con OR>1: estar solo durante el día, haber dejado de realizar ejercicio físico, considerar el ejercicio físico poco importante, espacios inseguros, falta de prescripción del ejercicio, fueron barreras para la adherencia a la actividad física.Conclusiones Percibirse con buena calidad de vida, tener la actividad física programada por el sistema de salud y ambientes adecuados y seguros, facilitan la adherencia, mientras no pertenecer a un grupo familiar, no considerar la prescripción a la actividad física importante y estar en zonas inseguras, limitan la adherencia.