bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Comorbidities and Complications Among Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Repair
Authors: Bekeris Janis , Wilson Lauren A. , Bekere Dace , Liu Jiabin , Poeran Jashvant , Zubizarreta Nicole , Fiasconaro Megan , Memtsoudis Stavros G.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Hip fracture patients represent various perioperative challenges related to their significant comorbidity burden and the high incidence of morbidity and mortality. As population trend data remain rare, we aimed to investigate nationwide trends in the United States in patient demographics and outcomes in patients after hip fracture repair surgery.

METHODS:

After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval (IRB#2012-050), data covering hip fracture repair surgeries were extracted from the Premier Healthcare Database (2006–2016). Patient demographics, comorbidities, and complications, as well as anesthesia and surgical details, were analyzed over time. Cochran–Armitage trend tests and simple linear regression assessed significance of (linear) trends.

RESULTS:

Among N = 507,274 hip fracture cases, we observed significant increases in the incidence in preexisting comorbid conditions, particularly the proportion of patients with >3 comorbid conditions (33.9% to 43.4%, respectively; P < .0001). The greatest increase for individual comorbidities was seen for sleep apnea, drug abuse, weight loss, and obesity. Regarding complications, increased rates over time were seen for acute renal failure (from 6.9 to 11.1 per 1000 inpatient days; P < .0001), while significant decreasing trends for mortality, pneumonia, hemorrhage/hematoma, and acute myocardial infarction were recorded. In addition, decreasing trends were observed for the use of neuraxial anesthesia either used as sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia (7.3% to 3.6% and 6.3% to 3.4%, respectively; P < .0001). Significantly more patients (31.9% vs 41.3%; P < .0001) were operated on in small rather than medium- and large-sized hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS:

From 2006 to 2016, the overall comorbidity burden increased among patients undergoing hip fracture repair surgery. Throughout this same time period, incidence of postoperative complications either remained constant or declined with the only significant increase observed in acute renal failure. Moreover, use of regional anesthesia decreased over time. This more comorbid patient population represents an increasing burden on the health care system; however, existing preventative measures appear to be effective in minimizing complication rates. Although, given the proposed benefits of regional anesthesia, decreased utilization may be of concern.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Respiratory Status During Anesthesia for Airway Stenting: Spontaneous Respiration Versus Controlled Ventilation With Muscle Relaxants
Authors: Okamoto Sakura , Somiya Namie , M. Saito Akiko , Kada Akiko , Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Tomita Akira
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Airway stenting is a procedure in which a stent is inserted into a stenotic site of the airway. The safest method of ventilation for airway stenting is controversial. A prospective randomized interventional study was conducted on airway stenting. We conducted this study to investigate whether controlled ventilation with muscle relaxants (MR) during airway stenting reduces the incidence of desaturation events (percutaneous oxygen saturation [Spo
2] <95%) in comparison with spontaneous respiration (SP).

METHODS:

Sixty-four patients were enrolled at our hospital between April 2016 and August 2018, and were randomly assigned to the controlled ventilation with MR group or SP group. For anesthesia, total intravenous anesthesia with propofol target-controlled infusion and remifentanil was performed. In the SP group, SP was maintained. In the MR group, a rigid bronchoscope was inserted after the administration of MR to perform controlled ventilation. The incidence of desaturation events was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted by the preoperative respiratory state and stenotic site of the airway.

RESULTS:

The incidence of desaturation events in the SP and MR groups was 75.0% (24/32) and 9.7% (3/31), respectively, with an odds ratio of 0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.16, reference = SP group; P < .001). In the SP group, the mean intraoperative pH was lower than that in the MR group (7.2 ± 0.1 vs 7.4 ± 0.1, respectively; P < .001). In this group, the mean partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Paco
2) was higher (70.2 ± 17.0 mm Hg vs 40.5 ± 8.0 mm Hg, respectively; P < .001) and the mean partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood/fraction of the inspiratory oxygen ratio was lower (263.1 ± 64.2 mm Hg vs 396.4 ± 69.4 mm Hg, respectively; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Controlled ventilation with MR during airway stenting reduced the incidence of desaturation events, maintaining a favorable respiratory status.
Load carrying with flexible bamboo poles: optimization of a coupled oscillator system
Authors: Schroeder Ryan T. , Bertram John E. A. , Son Nguyen Van , Vinh Hac Van , Croft James L.
Published: December 2019

In Asia, flexible bamboo poles are routinely used to carry substantial loads on the shoulder. Various advantages have been attributed to this load-carrying strategy (e.g. reduced energy consumption), but experimental evidence remains inconsistent – possibly because carriers in previous studies were inexperienced. Theoretical models typically neglect the individual's capacity to optimize interactions with the oscillating load, leaving the complete dynamics underexplored. This study used a trajectory optimization model to predict gait adaptations that minimize work-based costs associated with carrying compliant loads and compared the outcomes with naturally selected gait adaptations of experienced pole carriers. Gait parameters and load interactions (e.g. relative amplitude and frequency, phase) were measured in rural farmworkers in Vietnam. Participants carried a range of loads with compliant and rigid poles and the energetic consequences of step frequency adjustments were evaluated using the model. When carrying large loads, the empirical step frequency changes associated with pole type (compliant versus rigid) were largely consistent with model predictions, in terms of direction (increase or decrease) and magnitude (by how much). Work-minimizing strategies explain changes in leg compliance, harmonic frequency oscillations and fluctuations in energetic cost associated with carrying loads on a compliant bamboo pole.
C-Arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene Sulfonic Acid: A Novel and Efficient Organocatalyst Material for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Jumina  , Setiawan Hamid Rohma , Triono Sugeng , Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Priastomo Yoga , Siswanta Dwi , Zulkarnain Abdul Karim , Kumar Naresh
Published: December 2019

The synthesis of C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene sulfonic acid derivatives and their application as an organocatalyst material for biodiesel production were investigated. The C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene derivatives were prepared in high yields through a two-step reaction: condensation between pyrogallol and aromatic aldehydes (i.e. benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) and then followed by a sulfonation reaction with sulfuric acid. They were evaluated as the organocatalyst for the esterification reaction of palmitic acid with methanol as a representation of biodiesel production. Using 4 mol% of C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene sulfonic acid, methyl palmitate was generated in up to 91.9% yield after 4 h at 65 °C, making it similarly efficient to sulfuric acid that is used as the catalyst in the conventional reaction under similar conditions. However, different from sulfuric acid, the C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene sulfonic acid could be recovered by using a simple filtration technique making it better than sulfuric acid from industrial and environmental points of view. These results demonstrate that the C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene sulfonic acid derivatives are a novel and potential organocatalyst for methyl palmitate biodiesel production.
An Effective Context Sensitive Offloading System for Mobile Cloud Environments using Support Value-based Classification
Authors: Mohammed Mostafa Abdulghafoor , Kamil Aya Ahkam , Hasan Raed Abdulkareem , Tapus Nicolae
Published: December 2019

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) has drawn significant research attention recently due to the popularity and capability of portable devices. This paper presents an MCC offloading system based on internet offloading choices. This system guarantees the conservation of battery life and reduced execution time. The proposed effective context sensitive offloading approach using support value-based classification is processed in different steps. Initially, the context data of the input tasks is extracted through the energy consumption model, cost model, execution model, communication model and stored. Then, the support value-based classification approach classifies the tasks based on the context information. This classification creates the information about the tasks and finally, a decision is made at the right time to achieve better offloading. The result indicates the presented offloading framework can choose reasonable cloud assets depending on various contexts of the mobile devices and achieve significant performance enhancement.
Evaluation of AODV and DYMO Routing Protocol using Generic, Micaz and Micamotes Energy Conservation Models in AWSN with Static and Mobile Scenario
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Dhull Kiran , Sharma Deepak , Arora Payal , Dahiya Sandeep
Published: December 2019

Adhoc Wireless Sensor Networks (AWSN’s) have found an increasing utility in various applications. In AWSN, sensor nodes are arranged in a topology which is suitable to the requirement of the nature of task. As the sensors are not connected in a fixed manner, their networking, location and functioning keeps on changing based on the situation due to which these are called Adhoc networks. The biggest challenge is to keep the sensors working for longer life by conserving their energy. Therefore, a suitable routing protocol needs to be selected to meet the energy conservation requirement at different nodes. In the present paper, we have evaluated the three energy conservation models i.e. Generic, Micaz and Micamotes for AODV and DYMO routing protocol. The evaluation is carried out using the parameter metrices: (i) Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), (ii) Throughput (iii) Energy consumed in Transmit mode and Receive mode. Based on the simulation results, it has been observed that Micamotes energy model using AODV routing protocol performs better in terms of energy consumption upto 42.99% and 29.90 % in transmit and upto 59.24% and 33.96 % in receive mode respectively as compared to Generic and Micaz energy model.
Predictive Maintenance and Monitoring of Industrial Machine using Machine Learning
Authors: Masani Kausha I. , Oza Parita , Agrawal Smita
Published: December 2019

Machine learning is one of the break-through technologies of the modern digital world. It's applications are found in various research domain such as medicine, image processing, production and manufacturing, aviation and autonomics and many more. To efﬁciently run a machine, it's maintenance and its monitoring automation system play a key role. The major problem we are targetting is to overcome the lack of an automation system which can give an accuracy rate of the production machine at a given instance of time. Also, the important energy meter parameters required to make power report in an automation system for addressing the production issues, at a given interval of time, were also not recorded. Thus in this paper, we describe how machine learning techniques are used for prediction of the accuracy of running production machine. To address these issues, we have used supervised machine learning technique of Binary decision tree using CART method and for power report, while the data is fetched using RS232 to RS485 convertor via Modbus communication protocol. Using CART we have predicted the machine accuracy at a given time with speciﬁc energy meter readings as its input features. This paper discusses the problem deﬁnition identiﬁed, data analysis of energy meter data and it's fetching and at the end ML techniques applied to predict the accuracy of running production machine. In the end, we prepare various power reports of the different machines from the fetched parameters as well as produce a graphical warning of deteriorating performance of the machine at a given instance of the time.
The Adaptive Roles of Positive and Negative Emotions in Organizational Insiders’ Security-Based Precaution Taking
Authors: Burns A. J. , Roberts Tom L. , Posey Clay , Lowry Paul Benjamin
Published: December 2019

Protecting organizational information is a top priority for most firms. This reality, coupled with the fact that organizational insiders control much of their organizations’ valuable information, has led both researchers and practitioners to acknowledge the importance of insiders’ behavior for information security. Until recently, researchers have employed only a few theories to understand these influences, and this has generated calls for a broadened theoretical repertoire. Given this opportunity, we incorporate the previously developed framework of emotions and add the broaden-and-build theory (BBT) to understand the influence of discrete positive and negative emotions on insiders’ precaution-taking activities. Our findings demonstrate that the relationship between both positive and negative emotions and precaution taking is mediated by insiders’ (1) psychological capital (PsyCap), a higher-order, work-related construct of positive psychological resource capabilities; and (2) psychological distancing, a coping mechanism characterized by insiders’ attempts to detach themselves psychologically from a situation. By considering these factors, our model explains 32% of the variance in insiders’ precaution taking in organizations. Researchers and practitioners can use these findings to develop information-security programs that more effectively utilize emotional appeals to promote insiders’ precaution taking.
The Spillover of Spotlight: Platform Recommendation in the Mobile App Market
Authors: Liang Chen , Shi Zhan (Michael) , Raghu T. S.
Published: December 2019

Product recommendations are ubiquitous in platform-based markets. This paper investigates the externality of platform-provided recommendations by focusing on the demand spillover to related products. In the context of the fast-growing mobile app market, we systematically examine the spillover effect on three groups of related apps: apps by the same developer, apps with similar functionality, and the same apps marketed on a different platform. We distinguish two mechanisms that potentially drive the externality: exposure spillover and quality endorsement spillover. We find that both spillover mechanisms can drive the externality, but their strength and relative importance vary depending on the specific relationship between the featured and nonfeatured products. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis suggests that the strength of the spillover effect also depends on the salient characteristics of the featured products including price and user rating.
Polynomial Time Algorithms for Branching Markov Decision Processes and Probabilistic Min(Max) Polynomial Bellman Equations
Authors: Etessami Kousha , Stewart Alistair , Yannakakis Mihalis
Published: December 2019

We show that one can compute the least nonnegative solution (also known as the least fixed point) for a system of probabilistic min (max) polynomial equations, to any desired accuracy [Formula: see text] > 0 in time polynomial in both the encoding size of the system and in log(1/[Formula: see text]). These are Bellman optimality equations for important classes of infinite-state Markov decision processes (MDPs), including branching MDPs (BMDPs), which generalize classic multitype branching stochastic processes. We thus obtain the first polynomial time algorithm for computing, to any desired precision, optimal (maximum and minimum) extinction probabilities for BMDPs. Our algorithms are based on a novel generalization of Newton’s method, which employs linear programming in each iteration. We also provide polynomial-time (P-time) algorithms for computing an [Formula: see text]-optimal policy for both maximizing and minimizing extinction probabilities in a BMDP, whereas we note a hardness result for computing an exact optimal policy. Furthermore, improving on prior results, we provide more efficient P-time algorithms for qualitative analysis of BMDPs, that is, for determining whether the maximum or minimum extinction probability is 1, and, if so, computing a policy that achieves this. We also observe some complexity consequences of our results for branching simple stochastic games, which generalize BMDPs.
A review of interventions to reduce pain in chronic wounds
Authors: Snelgrove Helen , Baileff Anne
Published: December 2019

Reduction of chronic wound pain has the potential to improve patients' quality of life, expedite the healing process and, ultimately, relieve pressure on community services. Despite this, education on pain assessment in the management of chronic wounds is lacking. This literature review seeks to provide evidence-based recommendations to reduce chronic wound pain and inform the practice of community nurses. The results of a thematic analysis indicate that a honey dressing or native collagen matrix dressing and conditioning exercises for the lower leg can reduce pain, and nitroglycerin ointment is especially effective. The review also highlights the need for an individualised approach to the assessment and treatment of pain in patients with chronic wounds.
Homeless Hope: a voluntary, nurse-led organisation working to educate and support people sleeping rough
Authors: Thomas Donna
Published: December 2019

This article describes the development of a nurse-led voluntary organisation that provides basic foot care to the homeless at street level in three Welsh cities. There is a large percentage of street sleepers who choose not to access professional health and care services for various reasons, and many of these individuals have foot health problems, such as sore, painful, swollen feet from continuous walking, calluses, dried skin, blisters that are often de-roofed and trench foot. Through support and education, however, several of these people have been able to take ownership of their identified problems, by building trusting relationships with Homeless Hope nurses. Through collaborative communication with professional services, Homeless Hope nurses provide an informal link between non-engaging rough sleepers and the services in place to help support them.
TIMERS: undertaking wound assessment in the community
Authors: Lumbers Melanie
Published: December 2019

Community nurses regularly treat patients with chronic wounds (those persisting over 6 weeks); with the complexity of both the patients' health needs and the wound itself, this often becomes a highly time-consuming task for the nurse. Wound assessment tools are designed to support all qualified nurses, regardless of whether the nurse possesses specialist wound care knowledge or not, in delivering safe and appropriate wound care. The wound assessment tool, using the acronym TIME, has been recently amended to now be known as TIMERS (Tissue, Infection/Inflammation, Moisture, Wound edge, Repair/Regeneration, Social). This article will examine what the newly amended wound assessment tool TIMERS represents, in addition to looking at the practical issues around its implementation in community settings.
The 17β-oestradiol treatment minimizes the adverse effects of protein restriction on bone parameters in ovariectomized Wistar rats
Authors: de Quadros Victoria P. , Tobar Natalia , Viana Lais R. , dos Santos Rogerio W. , Kiyataka Paulo H. M. , Gomes-Marcondes Maria C. C.
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Insufficient protein ingestion may affect muscle and bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, and especially in postmenopausal women. We evaluated how a low-protein diet affects bone parameters under gonadal hormone deficiency and the improvement led by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with 17β-oestradiol.

Methods

Female Wistar rats were divided into control (C), ovariectomized (OVX), and 17β-oestradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX-HRT) groups, which were fed a control or an isocaloric low-protein diet (LP; 6.6% protein; seven animals per group). Morphometric, serum, and body composition parameters were assessed, as well as bone parameters, mechanical resistance, and mineralogy.

Results

The results showed that protein restriction negatively affected body chemical composition and bone metabolism by the sex hormone deficiency condition in the OVX group. The association between undernutrition and hormone deficiency led to bone and muscle mass loss and increased the fragility of the bone (as well as decreasing relative femoral weight, bone mineral density, femoral elasticity, peak stress, and stress at offset yield). Although protein restriction induced more severe adverse effects compared with the controls, the combination with HRT showed an improvement in minimizing these damaging effects, as it was seen that HRT had some efficacy in maintaining muscle and bone mass, preserving the bone resistance and minimizing some deleterious processes during the menopause.

Conclusion

Protein restriction has adverse effects on metabolism, leading to more severe menopausal symptoms, and HRT could minimize these effects. Therefore, special attention should be given to a balanced diet during menopause and HRT. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:573–581.
Enabling fully programmable transponder white boxes [Invited]
Authors: Lopez Victor , Ishida Wataru , Mayoral Arturo , Tanaka Takafumi , Gonzalez de Dios Oscar , Fernandez-Palacios Juan Pedro
Published: December 2019

There is great interest in the disaggregation of hardware and software components in the networking community. The reason is that such a strategy enables flexible solutions and achieves efficiency and cost reductions within many network scenarios. Network operators have paid attention to disaggregation because it can help maintain a profit margin as revenues decrease. Optical network deployments historically have been based on end-to-end solutions that offer little interoperability in optical components. Disaggregation enables operators to mix solutions from different vendors to create a complete design that can address the requirements of the intended network scenario. While disaggregation enables the deployment of ad hoc solutions, it worsens system complexity. The definition of software-defined network (SDN) solutions enables a standard view of the network elements so that network operators can have an end-to-end design. The Telecom Infra Project (TIP) is focused on defining solutions for the telecom industry that can speed up network deployment. Within the TIP project, there are two main activities: the definition of white boxes for transport networks and an initiative called Transport Abstraction Interface (TAI). A white box is a hardware design that allows the user to install any software for network operation. On the other hand, TAI facilitates the connectivity of optical components with packet/optical platforms by providing an abstracted view of the optical components. This approach reduces the development time to integrate the components in open packet/optical systems. This paper presents different disaggregation models and their SDN architectures for providing end-to-end designs. Similarly, we present the capabilities of TAI. Finally, this work defines and demonstrates, for what we believe is the first time, a fully programmable optical white-box solution. Thus, we demonstrate how network operators can program a packet/optical white box and optical components using open solutions. This demonstration shows how open ecosystems speed up network innovation and reduce time to market.
Hose-model network virtualization in flexgrid optical networks
Authors: Liu Fengqing , He Weiguang
Published: December 2019

Network virtualization, which can flexibly and efficiently embed multiple client networks to a substrate network, is one of the most promising technologies to address the ossification problem of Internet infrastructure. This work focuses on studying the problem of hose-model network virtualization in general topology flexgrid optical networks. A mathematical model for this problem is presented, which integrates hose-model traffic routing and virtual network mapping into a unified integer linear programming (ILP) formulation. Considering the computational difficulty of an ILP algorithm, four heuristic algorithms are presented. They first optimize and allocate link bandwidths to transport hose-model traffic in the virtual network; second, the derived virtual network is mapped in a substrate flexgrid optical network, in which a virtual link is mapped to one or multiple optical connections with or without grooming being allowed. The performance of the mapping success rate and time-average revenue for these algorithms is assessed by extensive simulation.
Spectra manipulation with the photorefractive effect via the spatial–spectral correspondence relationship
Authors: Hsu Hsun-Ching , Han Pin
Published: December 2019

We propose a scheme based on the photorefractive effect to manipulate polychromatic spectra. A sinusoidal phase grating can be obtained by exposing photorefractive material to light, and it is used to diffract monochromatic or polychromatic light. The resultant diffracted spatial intensity distribution for monochromatic light is mapped to spectrum distribution for polychromatic light via the spatial–spectral correspondence relationship for mono-polychromatic light diffraction. Theoretical analyses and numerical examples show that for different detection angles, the diffracted spectrum exhibits different features, and that specific spectral line selection or line filter effects can be achieved. We also discuss the possibility of applying this spectral scheme to detect temperature or the grating’s period changes.
Analytically decomposing optical force on a spherical particle in Bessel beams into conservative and non-conservative parts
Authors: Ha Guangji , Zheng Hongxia , Yu Xinning , Lin Zhifang
Published: December 2019

Based on the recently developed Cartesian multipole expansion theory, we analytically analyze the conservative and non-conservative nature of the optical force acting on a spherical particle of arbitrary size and isotropic composition immersed in the optical Bessel beams of arbitrary orders and polarizations. It is rigorously proved that the conservative force on the particle in Bessel beams aligns in the radial direction transverse to beam propagation, while the non-conservative force is completely non-radial, lying in the azimuthal and longitudinal directions. To the best of our knowledge, our work provides the first analytical partition between the conservative and non-conservative components of the optical force on a particle of arbitrary size and composition placed in a class of extensively employed optical beams in practical optical manipulation, beyond the small particle limit.
Phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating modulated by a hollow cavity for measuring gas pressure
Authors: Luo Junxian , Liu Shen , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Yanping , Yang Kaiming , Guo Kuikui , He Jun , Liao Changrui , Wang Yiping
Published: December 2019

A gas pressure sensor, based on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) modulated by a hollow cavity, is proposed and demonstrated in this Letter. The device was fabricated by fusing a hollow-core fiber (HCF) between two single-mode fibers (SMFs) exhibiting FBGs that were inscribed using line-by-line femtosecond (fs) laser etching. A pair of micro-channels were drilled orthogonally into the HCF using an fs laser to allow the argon gas to get in and out freely. Such a sensor exposes a high spectrum finesse, e.g., a

Q

-factor of

∼

7302

, which can be improved by increasing the grating pitch quantity. Furthermore, a high gas pressure sensitivity of 1.22 nm/Mpa is obtained, corresponding the improved sensor with a grating pitch quantity of 300 and a hollow cavity length of 88.3 µm. In addition, the device exhibited a low temperature sensitivity of 8.92 pm/°C.
Dual-entropy-source quantum random number generation based on spontaneous emission
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Kong Dehuan , Wang Yebing , Zou Hongxin , Chang Hong
Published: December 2019

We describe a dual-entropy-source quantum random number generator based on atomic spontaneous emission. Using the intensity fluctuations of a coherent beam to modulate the detuning frequency of the driving field, the atomic ensemble exhibits larger fluctuations of the spontaneous emission noise. The quantum-to-classical-noise ratio of the measured noise is increased to 10.14 dB. After post-processing, a string of random numbers at rates up to 5.12 Mb/s is extracted, which passes all the NIST tests. The presented scheme shows the feasibility to combine multiple independent randomness sources to produce secure quantum random bits.
Composite Yb:YAG/sapphire thin-disk active elements for high-energy high-average power lasers
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan , Pestov Alexey , Mukhin Ivan , Volkov Mikhail , Zorina Maria , Chkhalo Nikolay , Palashov Oleg
Published: December 2019

Composite active elements (AEs) of thin-disk geometry with an anti-amplified-spontaneous-emission (ASE) cap were created for the first time from dissimilar materials (Yb:YAG and sapphire crystals) using the surface-activated direct bonding method based on etching the surfaces with an Ar ion beam and then bringing them into optical contact. Using a sapphire anti-ASE cap allows the thermal lens optical power and the

M

2

factor to be reduced significantly compared with the same AE with a YAG anti-ASE cap, and

M

2

compared to standard Yb:YAG disks without an anti-ASE cap. Lasing with 320 W average power and

∼

50

%

slope efficiency was obtained.
Dezaemon, RPG Maker, NScripter: Exploring and classifying game ‘produsage’ in 1990s Japan
Authors: Fiadotau Mikhail
Published: December 2019

The article examines three tools used for hobbyist game development in 1990s Japan: the Dezaemon series of user-customizable shoot ‘em up games, the RPG Tsukūru (RPG Maker) series of tools for creating Japanese-style role-playing games and the NScripter scripting engine for visual novels. In doing so, it aims to highlight the diversity, but also to bring out the commonalities, of game ‘produsage’: producing video games by using dedicated software. The focus on a non-western historical context is an attempt to challenge assumptions about the locales and platforms of game produsage prevalent in English-language scholarship. The article concludes with a two-axis typology of game produsage, based on the degree of expressive freedom their functionality enables and the limitations they impose on users’ distributing their games.
Invisible language: Metaphors for networked technology in artists’ writings on media
Authors: Zultanski Steven
Published: December 2019

Recently, a number of artists and theorists have been writing about the algorithmic, infrastructural and economic aspects of the contemporary media world. Such writing shifts the conversation about social media away from considerations of novel discourse and instead places emphasis on the power structures, profit motives and political machinations that undergird networked reality. Social media platforms are designed to feel like autonomous arenas of free signification, rather than highly controlled and tightly monitored corporate/governmental spaces. In other words, these platforms make the Internet feel like it is built on discourse, rather than on code, servers, fibre-optic cables and the hyper-exploited labour involved in the mining of rare metals. This article examines writings by Hito Steyerl, Trevor Paglen, Jackie Wang and others to argue that artist-writers are using open-ended and flexible metaphors, along with other literary techniques, to articulate the connections between the largely invisible systems of code, surveillance and economics.
emoji summaries
Authors: de la Puente Gabrielle , Muhammad Zarina
Published: December 2019

The White Pube present the emoji summaries that accompany their exhibition reviews on thewhitepube.com. The emoji summaries are there to replace the quantitative 1–5 star rating that normally heads typical art and film reviews. Rather than claim the same authoritative objectivity, The White Pube writers will respond to the exhibition with three selective emojis to offer a description of their personal experience.
Untitled (chicken nugget Facebook post)
Authors: Morris Simon
Published: December 2019

I sent Zara Worth this Facebook post because I thought the chicken nugget would make a good full stop at the end of her guest-edited issue of the Journal of Writing in Creative Practice on the subject of Social Media Speak (SMS).
obj///subj—ectivity
Authors: Muhammad Zarina
Published: December 2019

This text is from ‘Art Thoughts’; a collection of texts shared on The White Pube’s website that discuss art more broadly than the Reviews section. The piece investigates how the critic positions themselves in terms of objectivity and subjectivity when their identity does not afford them the supposed authority and neutrality of the cis-het white male writer.
Acceso a la autonomía económica de las mujeres a través del turismo rural en la isla de La Palma
Authors: Morales Hernández Ana María , Fernández Hernández Carlos
Published: December 2019

La división de género del mercado de trabajo en los espacios rurales repercute en el turismo rural. Las mujeres participan en menor medida que los hombres del mercado laboral y, cuando lo hacen, ocupan en mayor proporción puestos de trabajo temporal o a tiempo parcial, orientados al sector servicios. Estas características están relacionadas con la discontinuidad y flexibilidad de la demanda turística, así como con el tipo de labores que requiere la oferta de alojamiento de turismo rural. A través de un estudio cuantitativo de las personas propietarias de casas rurales de la isla de La Palma (Canarias, España), se observa que las mujeres reciben un significativo mayor porcentaje de ingresos a partir del turismo rural que los hombres. Sin embargo, estos ingresos no son suficientes como para garantizar una renta completa que permita su autonomía económica a través del turismo rural. Los resultados de este trabajo sostienen como certeza la segregación de género en el mercado laboral rural. Las evidencias obtenidas afianzan el hecho de una significativa mayor presencia de mujeres que de hombres ejerciendo el turismo rural como principal ocupación. Si bien el turismo rural no altera sustancialmente el modelo de desempeño imperante, nutriéndose de unas experiencias adquiridas por las mujeres en el ámbito doméstico y sin llegar a reportar una renta completa, supone para ellas cierto avance en el grado de su autonomía. Estos aspectos deben ser base para una acción pública que fomente el potencial de desarrollo del turismo rural desde una mayor equidad de género.
La producción científica en el “Sector de Hostelería y Turismo”: Un análisis bibliométrico de las tesis doctorales españolas en el periodo 1978-2018
Authors: Peña Sánchez Antonio Rafael , Jiménez García Mercedes , Ruiz Chico José , Pontón Aricha Teresa
Published: December 2019

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es desarrollar un estudio descriptivo, detallado y pormenorizado de la producción científica catalogada bajo el descriptor denominado “Sector Hostelería y Turismo” recogidas en las tesis doctorales inscritas en la base de datos TESEO, con la finalidad de cuantificar y trazar de forma cronológica la producción de tesis doctorales por universidades, directores y participación en tribunales, sexo, e idioma. Se trata de identificar a los principales actores que han protagonizado la investigación científica, ofreciendo una panorámica pormenorizada del progreso que se ha ido produciendo en los trabajos catalogados bajo este descriptor, lo que sin duda favorecerá la comprensión de la evolución en este campo del conocimiento científico en los últimos años.
El turista cinegético. Una aproximación a su perfil en la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura
Authors: Martín Delgado Luz María , Rengifo Gallego Juan Ignacio , Sánchez Martín José Manuel
Published: December 2019

El turismo es un sector económico que ha alcanzado en el siglo XXI un notorio auge, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, de acuerdo con los datos que ofrecen diferentes fuentes. Dentro de este sector existen numerosas modalidades de carácter específico, siendo una de ellas el turismo cinegético. En este trabajo se aborda una de las cuestiones menos conocida de esta tipología turística: el perfil de la demanda. Para ello se ha recurrido al uso de fuentes primarias recopiladas por el Observatorio Turístico de Extremadura, vía encuesta, en las oficinas de turismo de la comunidad autónoma. Los resultados han sido tratados mediante la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas descriptivas. De este análisis se han obtenido importantes resultados que han permitido generar conocimiento sobre las características del perfil de la demanda. Entre los resultados obtenidos cabe destacar la singular caracterización sociodemográfica, las peculiares características del viaje realizado y el indudable interés que tienen estos turistas por el desarrollo de otras actividades distintas a las de la práctica de las artes venatorias.
Turismo sostenible y patrimonio. Herramientas para la puesta en valor y la planificación. Viñals, M.J. (dir), Mayor, M., Martínez-Sanchís, I., Teruel, L., Alonso Monasterio, P. y Morant, M. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de València, València. 191 pp. ISBN 978-84-9048-618-4
Authors: Ivars Baidal Josep Antoni
Published: December 2019

Reseña de: Turismo sostenible y patrimonio. Herramientas para la puesta en valor y la planificación. Viñals, M.J. (dir), Mayor, M., Martínez-Sanchís, I., Teruel, L., Alonso Monasterio, P. y Morant, M. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de València, València. 191 pp. ISBN 978-84-9048-618-4
Physicians are at a higher risk than the General Population for Suicide?
Authors: Pereira Izadora De Sousa , Macêdo Amanda Plácido da Silva , Sá Ivna Celli Assunção de , Moreira Larissa Melo , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: December 2019

Suicide is a huge public health problem, which needs more attention. One doctor commits suicide in the U.S. every day -- the highest suicide rate of any profession. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, physicians are at a higher risk than the general population for suicide. Methods: A Brief Communication that focus on the starkest sign of the crisis gripping medicine: the number of physicians who commit suicide every year. Include: discovery or development of new information’s, novelty in modeling  scientific, elucidation of mechanisms editorials and channels of information. Results: The medical profession has proven to have one of the highest risks of death by suicide among professions. About 15-30% of students and residents screen positive for depression. Studies also show that 1 in 16 trainees report suicidal ideation. The researchers also suggest that psychiatry help is still a taboo among doctors. Limitations: As Short Communications are expected to have higher than average impact on the field rather than report on incremental research, they will receive prioritized and rapid publication. Conclusion: Strategies to reduce preventable deaths should include preventive and treatment service. We should all strive to help usher in a new era of medical culture that promotes sustainable medical careers. Excessive pressures and expectations at work, may entail   to a loss of meaning of work and of self for physicians. Key-words: Suicide; Doctors; Medicine; Mental Health
Series 2 Vol 1 No 1 Full issue PDF
Authors: Palmer Michael
Published: December 2019

Series 2 Vol 1 No 1 Full issue PDF
Editor's introduction
Authors: Palmer Michael
Published: December 2019

Editor's introduction to Series 2, Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Foreign Act of State
Authors: Newbury Mary V.
Published: December 2019

Foreign act of state, the principle that a domestic court will not ‘sit in judgment’ over the acts of foreign countries, is coming under increasing scrutiny, as illustrated by the recent case of Belhaj v Straw (2017). This article traces the emergence of the principle out of traditional rules of private international law that, according to Belhaj, continue to constrain the doctrine. The essay provides a practical guide to the doctrine for use by other judges, who will usually come across act of state in the context of a motion to dismiss or to strike out pleadings. The author reviews five key cases which have considered whether a ‘unifying’ doctrine exists apart from choice of law rules of private international law; whether the principle is one of jurisdiction, non-justiciability, or something different; and the nature of the ‘public policy’ exception. She suggests that the ‘disaggregation’ of act of state into four ‘rules’ posited in Belhaj will remain the organizing framework of the doctrine in the medium term—despite Lord Sumption’s attempts to condense it into one or two rules. She suggests the Supreme Court is departing from the notion of act of state as a broad and inflexible principle of jurisdiction and from the notion that courts should use it in cases where requested by the government to avoid embarrassment to its foreign policy. The author disagrees with the observation, made in Yukos Capital SAR v Rosneft Oil Co (2012), that non-justiciability—the notion that certain issues are inappropriate for domestic courts to adjudicate—has ‘subsumed’ act of state. Rather, it is doubtful that non-justiciability should continue to be regarded as part of the law of act of state. Whether act of state is restricted to acts taking place within the territory of the foreign state, whether it applies to all types of whether it applies to lawful as well as unlawful executive actions, or to judicial acts, still remain uncertain. The greater significance of Belhaj is seen to lie in the Court’s adoption of the public policy exception to act of state in certain circumstances. Five of the seven judges agreed that UK courts should adapt to modern conditions in the form of rules of public policy that are ‘sufficiently fundamental’ to distinguish the conduct in question (in Belhaj, alleged complicity in acts of torture) from other violations of international conventions.
Issue 110 (2017) Full issue PDF
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

Issue 110 (2017) Full issue PDF
Conference highlights at the Institute
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

In his final “First Page” commentary as Deputy General Editor of Amicus Curiae, Julian Harris highlights two recent high-quality conferences staged at the IALS (The Third Annual Conference on “The future of the commercial contract in scholarship and law reform” and the 2018 Annual Conference of the Information Law and Policy Centre on “Transforming cities with AI: law policy and ethics”) and papers resulting from the conferences appearing in this issue of Amicus Curiae.
The paradoxes of the theory of imprévision in the new French law of contract: a judicial deterrent?
Authors: Pédamon Catherine
Published: December 2019

Catherine Pédamon (Westminster Law School, University of Westminster) re-examines the theory and practice of hardship, frustration and impracticality in commercial contracts, in light of the new legal provision (Art 1195 CC) of the rewritten Civil code (CC) that now enshrines the theory of imprévision (unforeseeability) in French law.

Index keywords: France, Civil code, contract law, imprévision
El diálogo frente a la fragmentación en la Universidad Veracruzana. Una alternativa hacia la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria
Authors: López Espinosa Raúl Homero
Published: December 2019

Bajo cierta perspectiva, la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) conlleva la comprensión de problemas complejos a partir de una mirada holística, para ello, se requieren de comunidades de aprendizaje que construyan inteligencias colectivas y estructuras horizontales en las universidades. En este marco, en la Universidad Veracruzana (UV), desde la administración 2013–2017, se desarrolló un programa llamado Transversa, el cual identificó un problema de fragmentación en la gestión universitaria y, en particular, entre temas considerados transversales, como el género, la interculturalidad, la sustentabilidad, entre otros. Un problema análogo se evidenció en el Modelo Educativo gracias a la evaluación que se hizo de este. Transversa busca incorporar, bajo una visión sistémica, los temas transversales en las funciones universitarias y, una estrategia para hacerlo, es la promoción de una cultura de diálogo. El papel que tiene esta frente a la fragmentación y la RSU es lo que se presentará en este trabajo.
Reseña / La sistematización de experiencias, práctica y teoría para otros mundos posibles
Authors: Angeloni Marcos Exequiel
Published: December 2019

La sistematización de experiencias, práctica y teoría para otros mundos posibles, del educador popular y sociólogo Oscar Jara Holliday, presenta algunas nociones, fundamentos y ejemplos con respecto a cómo compartir de forma sistemática los aprendizajes generados en experiencias del campo de la educación popular y, a la vez, reflexiona crítica y teóricamente sobre las prácticas que dieron origen a los mismos.
The regulatory effects of the number of VP(N-vinylpyrrolidone) function groups on macrostructure and photochromic properties of polyoxometalates/copolymer hybrid films
Authors: Liu Zong-lai , Yue Tong-tong , Sun Wen-tian , Zhang Feng-jun , Feng Wei
Published: December 2019

Nanocomposite films were synthesized by introducing phosphotungstic acid (PWA) into the poly (vinylpyrrolidone and methyl acrylate) (P (VP(N-vinylpyrrolidone)coMA(methyl acrylate))). FT-IR curves illustrated that non-covalent bond interaction was built between PWA particles and organic matrixes. In combination the results of SEM, TG-DTA and DSC, it was conducted that the ratio of functional groups of VP had a critical effect on the surface morphology, thermal stability of the hybrid films. Irradiated with ultraviolet light, the transparent thin hybrid films change from colorless to blue. Stored in air, the hybrid films could recover colorless gradually. The analysis of kinetics told us that higher VP content within the different systems always accompanied more superior photochromic performance, faster coloring and fading speed. Appearance of W5+ in ESR spectra indicated that the photo-reduction process between PWA and copolymer matrix occurred.
Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin on the mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties of molded fiber materials
Authors: Zhao Yinling , Xiao Shengling , Yue Jinquan , Zheng Dingyuan , Cai Liping
Published: December 2019

In this study, poplar chemi-mechanical pulp was used as a raw material to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) content on the tensile strength and hydrophobicity of molded fiber materials (MFMs). The tensile strength and hydrophobic properties of the fabricated MFMs with different EHL contents were evaluated, and changes in their microstructure, chemical structure, and thermal stability were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, respectively. Results show that under the experimental conditions used herein, the addition of EHL could increase the tensile strength and surface water contact angle of MFMs up to 20.3 MPa and 95.0°, respectively. The SEM observations indicate that the addition of EHL expanded the contact area between the EHL and fibers, thereby reducing the holes between fibers. The FTIR and TG analyses indicated that hot-pressing degraded EHL to form small molecular substances and improved the reaction with aldehydes produced via carbohydrate degradation, improving both the inter-fiber bonding strength and hydrophobicity of the MFM surface.