bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Assessment of Nanostructured Liquid Crystalline Particles for the Management of Bacterial Keratitis: in-vivo and Pharmacokinetics Study
Authors: Kaul Shreya , Nagaich Upendra , Verma Navneet
Published: May 2021

The research work was driven to develop novel nanostructured liquid crystalline particles of vancomycin for its improved pre-ocular residence time, ocular bio-availability, enhanced targeting, increased permeability, reduced dosing frequency, controlled drug release and reduced systemic side-effects. Formulation was developed by fragmenting cubic crystalline phase of glycerol monooleate, water and poloxamer 407. A four-factor, three-level Taguchi statistical experimental design was constructed to optimize the formulation. Formulations exhibited internal-cubic structure of the vesicles with particle size in the range of 51.11 ± 0.96 nm to 158.73 ± 0.46 nm and negative zeta potential. Ex-vivo transcorneal permeation studies demonstrated that the optimized cubosomes had 2.4-fold increase in apparent permeability co-efficient as compared to vancomycin solution. Whereas, in-vivo studies in rabbits demonstrated that the severity of keratitis was considerably lowered in day 3 with optimized cubosomes. Ocular pharmacokinetic studies evaluated level of drug in aqueous humor and results revealed that the time to peak concentration (Tmax) of vancomycin loaded cubosomal formulation was about 1.9-fold higher and mean residence time was 2.2-fold greater than vancomycin solution. Furthermore, histological examination revealed that the corneal layers displayed well-maintained morphology without any stromal swelling, consequently indicating safety of formulation. In conclusion, results manifested that the developed vancomycin loaded cubosomes could be a promising novel ocular carrier and an ideal substitute for conventional eye-drops for the management of bacterial-keratitis.
A minimal dose of unmanipulated bone marrow infusion without conditioning for T-B+NK- severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Yi Eun Sang , Ju Hee Young , Cho Hee Won , Lee Ji Won , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Kang Eun-Suk , Ahn Kang Mo , Kim Yae-Jean , Yoo Keon Hee
Published: May 2021

Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the standard method of reconstituting immune function in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); however, current conditioning recommendations and optimal cell doses lack consensus. In this study, we investigated HSCT outcomes and immune reconstitution, following minimal dose (MD) HSCT in T cell-negative (T-), B cell-positive (B+), natural killer-cell negative (NK-) SCID patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with SCID who received HSCT between 2002–2018. Standard dose (SD) and MD were classified based on a total nucleated cell count (TNC) of 1.0 × 10 8 /kg or more and less. Results Seven patients with SCID received HSCT, of which four belonged to the MD group. Patients in the MD group were administered 5 mL or less of bone marrow without conditioning, with median TNC and CD34+ cell counts of 0.49 × 10 8 /kg and 0.62 × 10 6 /kg, respectively. T cells recovered within a year after HSCT, and immunoglobulin supplementation was discontinued at a median of 3.5 months after HSCT in all MD recipients. All MD recipients were alive without disease recurrence at a median of 126.9 months after HSCT, exhibiting donor chimerism in the range of 10.1%–100%. Although grade II–III graft-versus-host diseases occurred, these were manageable in all patients. One of the three patients in the SD group died of cytomegalovirus infection, while another was dependent on intravenous immunoglobulin until 41 months after HSCT. Conclusion In patients with T-B+NK- SCID, sufficient therapeutic effects were safely obtained with minimal dose of bone marrow infusion without conditioning.
Integrated Analysis of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Proliferative Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhao Jian-Zhi , Lin Jia-Jie , Gong Miao , Wang Yu , Liu Ke-Xin , Du Mei-Yang , Li Huan-Huan , Wang Si-Fan , Yang Li-Yun , Sun Bo , Kong Peng , Liu Kun , Li Bin , Sun Shao-Guang
Published: May 2021

Background

Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to vascular remodeling diseases. Recently, it has been discovered that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a new type of non-coding RNAs, are related to the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. tsRNAs regulate target gene expression through miRNA-like function. This study aims to explore the potential of tsRNAs in human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation.
Methods

High-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the tsRNA expression profile of proliferative and quiescent HASMCs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate sequence results and subcellular distribution of AS-tDR-001370, AS-tDR-000067, AS-tDR-009512, and AS-tDR-000076. Based on microRNA-like functions of tsRNAs, we predicted target promoters, mRNAs, and circular RNAs (circRNAs), constructed tsRNA-promoter, tsRNA-mRNA, and circRNA-tsRNA interaction networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to reveal the function of target genes. Western blot and EdU incorporation assays were utilized to detect the effect of tsRNAs on HASMC proliferation.
Results

Compared with quiescent HASMCs, 887 up-regulated and 951 down-regulated tsRNAs in proliferative HASMCs were identified (fold change > 2 or < -2, p‑value < 0.05). AS-tDR-001370, AS-tDR-000067, AS-tDR-009512, and AS-tDR-000076 were up-regulated in proliferative HASMCs and were mainly located in the nucleus. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that they involve a variety of terms and pathways related to VSMC proliferation. Knockdown of AS-tDR-000067 promoted the expression of target gene p53 and inhibited HASMC proliferation. Knockdown of AS-tDR-000076 promoted the expression of target gene mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and inhibited HASMC proliferation.
Conclusion

During HASMC proliferation, the expression levels of many tsRNAs are altered. AS-tDR-000067 and AS-tDR-000076 may become a new therapeutic target for vascular remodeling diseases.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Mycovirus Infecting the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana
Authors: Shi Najie , Hu Fei , Wang Ping , Zhang Yuxiang , Zhu Qiuyan , Yang Guogen , Huang Bo
Published: May 2021

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is used worldwide for its biological control. Seven dsRNA segments were detected from a single Beauveria bassiana strain RCEF 1446. High-throughput sequencing indicated the presence of three mycoviruses in the infected sample. Two known mycoviruses were identified as Beauveria bassiana Victorivirus 1 and Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 1, and the novel mycovirus was designated as Beauveria bassiana bipartite mycovirus 1 (BbBV1). The complete sequence of the BbBV1 is described here. The mycovirus contains two dsRNA segments. The first dsRNA is 2,026 bp in length and encoding a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (68.54 kDa), while the second segment encoding a hypothetical protein (35.55 kDa) of unknown function, was 1,810 bp in length. Moreover, the RdRp protein sequences showed the highest identity of 62.89% to Corynespora cassiicola bipartite mycovirus 1. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp reveals that the virus represents a distinct lineage of unassigned dsRNA mycoviruses infecting fungi.
Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tiny Positive Events in the Daily Life of Elderly People Living Alone
Authors: Huang Lili , Jiang Yuqi , Zhen Enjie , Zhu Lijuan , Zhou Chuncong , Lin Wenjun , He Buxin , Chen Xiaolin , Yin Zhiqin
Published: May 2021

Background

The aging population has become a common social problem in China, and the number of elderly people living alone is increasing. The aim of this study was to explore the status and influencing factors of tiny positive events in the daily life among elderly people living alone, and to compare the urban and rural dwelling elderly. The goal of this study was to provide basis developing a more targeted and personalized positive experience strategy and to provide a scientific reference for the prevention of and interventions for loneliness and social isolation.
Methods

A total of 280 old people living alone in Wenzhou were surveyed by a multistage probability sampling method, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a general condition questionnaire and a positive event questionnaire of older persons. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, multiple response analysis, chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 22.0, and the two-tailed level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results

The amount of tiny positive events in the elderly living alone was lower than the medium level, which was concentrated in the dimension of the surrounding environment. The most important positive events showed the characteristics of the hierarchy of needs. Education, economic source, monthly income, two-weeks illness and the frequency of children's visits were the important factors affecting positive events. The urban elderly focused on social and self-worth events, while the rural elderly people focused more on personal and family matters.
Conclusion

In the future, we can combine these characteristics and influencing factors into interventions for the elderly living alone to create more positive events in their daily life and increase their positive experiences.
Nakamurella Leprariae Sp. Nov., Isolated From a Lichen Sample
Authors: An De-Feng , Yang Shao-Juan , Jiang Long-Qian , Wang Xin-Yu , Huang Xiao-Yu , Lang Lei , Chen Xue-Mei , Fan Ming-Qun , Li Gui-Ding , Jiang Ming-Guo , Wang Li-Song , Jiang Cheng-Lin , Jiang Yi
Published: May 2021

A novel actinobacterium, YIM 132084T, was isolated from Lepraria sp. lichen collected from Yunnan province, south-west PR China and identified by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile and coccus-shaped. Colonies were round, convex, smooth and light orange yellow in colour. It grew at 10–40 ℃ (optimum 28 ℃), at pH 6.0–11.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–4 % NaCl (optimum 0 %). Strain YIM 132084T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 as major fatty acids. Strain YIM 132084T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and mannose, ribose, glucose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed high level of similarity with Nakamurella flavida KCTC 19127T (97. 7%) and Nakamurella flava CGMCC 4.7524T (97.7%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 72.4 mol%. Strain YIM 132084T showed an average nucleotide identity value of 76.1 % and 74.9 %, a digital DNA-DNA hybridizations value of 20.9 % and 20.6 % with the reference strains Nakamurella flavida and Nakamurella flava based on draft genome sequences, respectively. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain YIM 132084T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella leprariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 132084T (= CGMCC 4.7667T = NBRC 114280T = KCTC 49367T).
Annual Changes in Serum Syndecan-1 as a Therapeutic Target and a Biomarker for the Severity Classification of COVID-19
Authors: Ogawa Fumihiro , Oi Yasufumi , Nakajima Kento , Matsumura Reo , Nakagawa Tomoki , Miyagawa Takao , Sakai Kazuya , Saji Ryo , Taniguchi Hayato , Takahashi Kohei , Abe Takeru , Iwashita Masayuki , Nishii Mototsugu , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonitis associated with severe respiratory failure is associated with high mortality. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with microemboli or microvascular endothelial injuries. Here, we report that serum syndecan-1 (SDC-1), a component of the endothelial glycocalyx, may be a biomarker of severity classification for COVID-19 related to endothelial injury.Methods and analysis: We analyzed the data of COVID-19 patients for one year from February 2020 at Yokohama City University Hospital and Yokohama City University Medical Center Hospital. We selected COVID-19 patients who required admission care, including intensive care, and analyzed the classification of severe and critical COVID-19 retrospectively, using various clinical data and laboratory data with serum SDC-1 by ELISA. Results: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data with SDC-1 in five severe COVID-19 and ten critical COVID-19 patients. In the two groups, their backgrounds were almost the same. In laboratory data, the LDH, CHE, and CRP levels showed significant differences in each group (P=0.032, P <0.0001, and P = 0.007, respectively) with no significant differences in coagulation-related factors (platelet, PT-INR, D-dimer, ISTH score; P=0.200, 0.277, 0.655, and 0.36, respectively). For the clinical data, the SOFA score was significantly different from admission day to day 14 of admission (p<0.0001). The SDC-1 levels of critical COVID-19 patients were significantly higher on admission day and all-time course compared with the levels of severe COVID-19 patients (P=0.009 and P <0.0001, respectively).Conclusions: Annual changes in serum SDC-1 levels closely reflect the severity of COVID-19, therefore, serum SDC-1 may be a therapeutic target and a biomarker for the severity classification of Covid-19.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Rotor-Porous Air Journal Bearing System With O-Rings Mounted
Authors: Zhang Kang , Feng Kai , Li Wenjun , Song Lijun
Published: May 2021

Porous air journal bearings (PAJBs) with O-rings mounted are regarded as a potential choice to offer air levitation with a large load capacity and optimal start/stop characteristics, which are required in small-size and high-efficiency turbomachinery. However, the coupling of the mechanical properties of the O-rings and lubrication induce strong nonlinear characteristics, thereby affecting the dynamic responses of the rotor. In this study, a numerical model is presented, which is coupled with the excitation frequency-influenced stiffness and damping characteristics of O-rings, the Darcy’s laws, air motion equations established by the air lubrication model, and the rotor and bearing motion equations. The model is well verified by the experimental results. The effect of the different system parameters on the performance of the rotor-PAJB system (RPS) is studied by analyzing the bifurcation diagrams, orbit, Poincaré maps, and FFT plots. Results show that the motion of the rotor is changed between periodic and quasi-periodic with the variation in rotational speed, external supply pressure, bearing clearance, and porous permeability. With O-rings mounted, the stability of RPS can be increased to hinder the rotor motion from changing from periodic to quasi-periodic. The effectiveness in increasing the stability of the RPS for the O-rings with SBR as the material is better than that with NBR but weaker than that with VMQ. Moreover, only a few number of O-rings have better effects on improving the stability of the RPS.
The Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio has Little Impact on Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa , Fukumoto Satsuki , Goto Hironori , Mori Satoshi , Hara Yukiko , Tada Keiichiro
Published: May 2021

Background: The impact of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the survival outcomes of patients with early-stage breast cancer is controversial. Methods: We reviewed a series of 115 breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical treatment. The NLR was calculated using a blood sample obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationships of disease-free survival with the NLR as well as other clinicopathological factors were assessed.Results: There was no significant association between the NLR and disease-free survival in these patients. On the other hand, negative estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor statuses, extended nodal involvement, and advanced TNM stage were significant predictors of shorter disease-free survival.Conclusions: The NLR has little impact on the survival of early-stage breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical treatment.
Study on the Mechanism of Bushen Jianpi Decoction in the Treatment of T2DM Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Luo Dongqiang , Shao Ying , Sun Yong , Du Shuntang , Liu Feng
Published: May 2021

Through the preliminary clinical observation, we had found that Bushen Jianpi decoction (BJD) combined with had better efficacy and less side effects, but its mechanism was not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine its molecular targets and mechanism in T2DM therapy by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking.Results: A total of 144 candidate compounds and 1103 differentially expressed genes were screened, and 43 common targets related to T2DM in BJD were identified. The "TCM-compound-target-disease" network suggested that quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were the top three compounds. Through protein-protein interaction network, 45 core target genes were identified, including ITGA4, TP53, MYC and so on. GO enrichment showed that genes were significantly enriched in biological processes such as response to oxidative stress, response to lipopolysaccharide, response to molecule of bacterial origin and response to reactive oxygen species. KEGG enrichment showed that there was significant gene enrichment in Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, P13K-Akt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications signal pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the key components of BJD had good binding potential with target genes. Conclusions: BJD may play a role in the treatment of T2DM through anti-inflammation, antioxidation and regulating metabolism, but it still needs to be further confirmed by experiments.Keywords: Network pharmacology, GEO database, Molecular docking, Bushen Jianpi decoction; T2DM
Thymosin Beta 4 as an Early Biomarker in Sepsis Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Long Minghui , Sun Zhongyi , Yang Cheng , Jiang Xiaofang , He Li , Su Lianjiu , Peng Zhiyong
Published: May 2021

Background: The incidence of sepsis is high among patients in the intensive care units (ICU) and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis that contributes to increased mortality. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is an actin-sequestering protein that can prevent inflammation and fibrosis in several tissues. However, its functions in septic AKI remain unknown.Methods: 98 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed sepsis were enrolled. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory findings, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Serum Tβ4 levels at ICU admission were measured and analyzed for evaluating the probability of AKI using the logistic regression. In addition, the effects of exogenous Tβ4 on kidney injury was also conducted in mice where a sepsis model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection. Results: Of the 98 patients with sepsis, 47 (48%) developed AKI. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, higher body mass index (BMI) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were more likely to develop AKI. Among patients with AKI, hemoglobin, and Tβ4 were significantly decreased. Multivariate analysis showed decreased Tβ4, high SOFA, and high BMI to be independent risk factors for AKI in patients with sepsis. The overall mortality rate of the 98 septic patients was 20.4%, and the mortality rate of those with AKI was 29.8%. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with AKI had a significantly higher risk of death. In particular, increasing AKI severity was associated with an increased risk of death. Furthermore, exogenous Tβ4 could reduce renal apoptosis and attenuated renal dysfunction, as well as reducing systemic inflammatory response through the prevention of the activation of NF-κB pathway in the sepsis model.Conclusions: The combination of Tβ4, SOFA, and BMI could allow for timely detection of septic AKI. Exogenous Tβ4 could prevent kidney injury in sepsis.
Proteomic Analysis of Eluted Antigens from Crude Somatic Antigens of Trichinella Spiralis Muscle Larva by Igg-ELISA, Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Supcharoengoon Utsanee , Watthanakulpanich Dorn , Limpanont Yanin , Adisakwattana Poom , Reamtong Onrapak , Zhiyue Lv , Dekumyoy Paron
Published: May 2021

Background: Trichinellosis is caused by Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML), which in swine is the main source of transmission. Trichinellosis is detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using excretory–secretory antigens (ESAg). Preparation of ESAg is difficult, and it produces a low content. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the test depends on the quality of the antigen that is produced in each batch. Crude somatic antigens (CSAg) of T. spiralis ML at molecular weights (MWs) of 101, 79, and 43 kDa were previously positive for swine trichinellosis sera, with no cross-reaction observed for normal sera, except that 79 and 43 kDa each reacted with one of the coccidiosis and with mixed infections containing trichuriasis and coccidiosis. Therefore, the current study aimed to obtain eluted antigens of T. spiralis ML CSAg, which were analyzed by IgG-ELISA for detecting swine trichinellosis and identification by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS-MS).Methods: In this study, T. spiralis larvae CSAg at 101, 79, and 43 kDa (TsCSAg-101, TsCSAg-79, and TsCSAg-43, respectively) were eluted from sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The eluted antigens were analyzed by IgG-ELISA for sensitivities and specificities. In addition, three specific antigens were identified by 2-DE and LC MS-MS.Results: Sensitivity of IgG-ELISA using three eluted antigens was persistent at 100%. Specificities were 90.63%, 95.54%, and 97.77% following TsCSAg-101, TsCSAg-79, and TsCSAg-43, respectively. The LC MS-MS results showed that 18/20 spots of the antigens were identified for 11 different proteins. One protein has several isoforms; for example, a serine proteinase and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein.Conclusions: TsCSAg-43 showed the highest specificity compared to the other two eluted antigens, which indicated that these specific proteins (a 45k antigen–trichina [fragment], a DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha, an antigen targeted by protective antibodies, and a conserved hypothetical protein [gi339234223]) should be developed and produced in large volumes in further study.
Efficacy of Yoga Nidra vs Supine Relaxation Technique on Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia in frontline COVID-19 Health Care Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gunjiganvi Mallikarjun , Gurjar Mohan , Mishra Prabhakar
Published: May 2021

Background

Mental health disturbances have been well documented due to COVID-19 pandemic. There was surge in literature about use of various Mind Body Therapies during pandemic to curb these disturbances. But none have been studied to prospectively during COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of Yoganidra in frontline Health care workers (HCW) during pandemic using online and digital tools.
Methods

This open label randomized trial consisting of 2 arms (Yoganidra and Supine Relaxation technique [SRT]) was conducted at Level- III COVID care centre involving dedicated frontline HCWs. Online YouTube digital platform was used deliver the respective intervention to study participants. Daily reminders were sent using digital social media. Each intervention lasted for 30min a day. Participants completing > 9 days of practice were included for analysis. Primary outcome was changes in scores of Physical Health Quality (PHQ)-9, Generalized Anxiety Score (GAD)-7, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale. Secondary outcomes were rate of recruitment, days of intervention practice, satisfaction of digital contents. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v.23.
Results

Of 139 HCWs contacted, 79 HCWs (40 in SRT and 39 in Yoganidra) consented and were recruited into study. After withdrawal and incomplete practice days, 32 in SRT group and 30 in Yoganidra group were included for final analysis. Demographics and pre-intervention scores of PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI were comparable at baseline. After completion of study, there were significant reduction in scores of PHQ-9, GAD-7 and ISI in Yoganidra 0.002 vs 0.064, < 0.001 vs 0.123, < 0.001 vs 0.828 respectively and effect size was 0.041, 0.013 and 0.024 respectively compared to SRT group. Recruitment rate was 56.8%, 78% of participants completed > 9 days of practice and 100% satisfaction among participants.
Conclusion

Yoganidra significantly reduces depression, anxiety and insomnia scores among frontline COVID HCWs compared to SRT using virtual session platform. It is also feasible to conduct the virtual sessions of Yoga Nidra using digital platform.
Trial Registration:

Clinical Trials Registry of India REF/CTRI/2020/07/026609, (ctri.nic.in/clinicaltrials/login.php, number REF/CTRI/2020/07/026609)
Prognostic Nomogram for Death from Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-HIV- and HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Feng Qiuyue , Hao Jingjing , Li Ang , Tong Zhaohui
Published: May 2021

Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Many risk factors for poor prognosis have been reported, but few studies have created predictive models with these variables to calculate the death rate accurately. This study created nomogram models for the precise prediction of mortality risk in non-human immunodeficiency virus (NHIV)- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).Methods: A retrospective study was performed over a 10-year period to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of NHIV-PJP at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and HIV-PJP at Beijing Ditan Hospital in China from 2010 to 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen out mortality risk factors to create the nomograms. Nomogram models were evaluated by using a bootstrapped concordance index, calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: A total of 167 NHIV-PJP patients and 193 HIV-PJP patients were included in the study. Pneumothorax, febrile days after admission, CD4+ T cells ≤100/µl and sulfa combined with caspofungin (CAS) treatment were identified as independent risk factors for death that could be combined to accurately predict mortality risk in NHIV-PJP patients. We created a nomogram for mortality by using these variables. The area under the curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.799-0.931). The nomogram had a C-index of 0.865 and was well calibrated. The independent risk factors for death in HIV-PJP patients included in the nomogram were pneumothorax, platelet (PLT) ≤80×109/L, haemoglobin (HGB) ≤90 g/L, albumin (ALB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection and sulfa combined with CAS treatment. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.904 and excellent calibration. The area under the curve was 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.850-0.970).Conclusions: Our nomograms were useful tools for the precise prediction of mortality in NHIV-PJP and HIV-PJP patients.
Graphyne-3: A Highly Efficient Candidate for Separation of Small Gas Molecules From Gaseous Mixtures
Authors: Azizi Khatereh , Allaei S. Mehdi Vaez , Fathizadeh Arman , Sadeghi Ali , Sahimi Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Two-dimensional nanosheets, such as the general family of graphenes have attracted considerable attention over the past decade, due to their excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. We report on the result of a study of separation of gaseous mixtures by a model graphyne-3 membrane, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. Four binary and one ternary mixtures of H2, CO2, CH4 and C2H6 were studied. Theresults indicate the excellence of graphyne-3 for separation of small gas molecules from the mixtures. In particular, the H2 permeance through the membrane is on the order of 107 gas permeation unit, by far much larger than those in other membranes, and in particular in graphene. To gain deeper insights into the phenomenon, we also computed the density profiles and the residence times of the gases near the graphyne-3 surface, as well as their interaction energies with the membrane. The results indicate clearly the tendency of H2 to pass through the membrane at high rates, leaving behind C2H6 and larger molecules on the surface. In addition, the possibility of chemisorption is clearly ruled out. These results, together with the very good mechanical properties of graphyne-3, confirm that it is an excellent candidate for separating small gas molecules from gaseous mixtures, hence opening the way for its industrial use.
Continuous Multidimensional Assessment System of Medical Residents in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: yousefi mehdi , ebrahimi zahra , vakilzadeh ali khorsand , fazaeli somayeh , ariafar atousa , tayyebi mohammad , mashhadi leila
Published: May 2021

Background
One of the most important principles in education, especially in clinical fields, is the evaluation of learners. Proper and continuous assessment can be used to provide appropriate feedback to students about their strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, the study aimed to design a system of continuous assessment of medical residents (SCMAR).
Methods
This study was performed using a combination of qualitative methods, including focus group discussion sessions and expert group meetings. The study population consisted of all the stakeholders involved in the learner evaluation process in Imam Reza Hospital Complex (IRHC) in Iran. This study was conducted in four steps, including identification of sub-axes and indicators through focus group discussions, review and approval of axes, sub-axes, and indicators in expert group meetings, model design by the research management team, and finally, agreement on sub-axes and indicators. Data analysis was performed during the agreement review stage in Excel software (2016 version).
Results
The finalized SCMAR consists of 10 main axes and 35 sub-axes. The axes include objectives, evaluators, areas and indicators of evaluation, evaluation periods, evaluation requirements, data collection, data sources, point assignment and data analysis methods, reporting, and feedback dissemination methods. Regarding areas and indicators of evaluation, 5 areas and 11 indicators were proposed.
Conclusion
A comprehensive evaluation system that continuously reviews the performance and professional behavior of learners can be used as a stimulus to improve the quality of delivered service and educational processes. The present study aimed to address this need by designing a framework.
Patients With Several Clinical Presentations By SARS-CoV2 Showed A Dramatic Decrease Of Antibodies.
Authors: Mattar Salim , Serrano-Coll Héctor , Garcia-Posada Mara , Gastelbondo Bertha , Humanez-Moreno Katherine , Garay Evelin , González Karen , Berrocal José , Arrieta German , Miranda Jorge
Published: May 2021

There are many doubts about the SARS-CoV-2 immune response's length, and it is unknown whether those patients may exhibit different kinetics in the secretion of IgG anti-SARS-CoV2 according to the severity of their infection. This research aimed to evaluate IgG antibodies' kinetics and persistence against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in a group of COVID-19 patients with different clinical disease presentations in the Colombian Caribbean region. Two blood samples were taken. The first one was at the first surge in August 2020; the second was six months later, February 2021. The study showed a decrease of 61.1% in their median of IgG antibodies after six months (P > 0.0001). According to the clinical form of COVD-19, the patients that required hospitalization (moderate or severe) COVD-19 showed a lower secretion of IgG against SARS-CoV2 and a higher negative seroconversion for IgG 69.2% in the second serological evaluation (P < 0.05). Thus, the drop of antibodies-SARS-CoV-2 is typical in all the clinical forms of COVID-19. It is worrisome in patients with moderate or severe clinical forms. The evaluation of natural immunity is mandatory to define the vaccination strategy mainly in patients that suffered complicated forms of COVID-19.
Effects Of SMILE-Derived Decellularized Lenticule As An Adhesion Barrier In A Rabbit Model of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Yin Houfa , Chen Xinyi , Hong Xiaogang , Ma Jian , Wu Fang , Wan Ting , Sang Yiwen , Fu Qiuli , Qin Zhenwei , Lyu Danni , Wu Wei , Yin Jinfu , Yang Yabo
Published: May 2021

Background: To investigate the effects of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived decellularized lenticule on intraocular pressure (IOP) and conjunctival scarring in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods: Trabeculectomy was performed on both eyes of New Zealand rabbits. Decellularized lenticule was placed in the subconjunctival space in one eye of the rabbits (decellularized lenticule group), and no adjunctive treatment was performed in the fellow eye (control group). The filtering bleb features and IOP were evaluated 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery, and histopathologic examination was performed 28 days after surgery. Results: Decellularized lenticule significantly increased bleb survival and decreased IOP postoperatively in the rabbit model with no adverse side effects. Histopathologic results showed a larger subconjunctival space and less subconjunctival fibrosis in the decellularized lenticule group. Conclusions: Decellularized lenticule can prevent postoperative conjunctiva-sclera adhesion and fibrosis, and it may represent a novel antifibrotic agent for trabeculectomy.
Comparison of Radiographic And Clinical Outcomes Observed After Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Using Iliac Screw Versus S2-Alar-Iliac Screw
Authors: Luo Qiang , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Ki-Tack , Ha Kee-Yong , Ahn Joonghyun , Kim Sung-Min , Kim Min-Gyu
Published: May 2021

Background: To date, there is a paucity of reports clarifying the change of spinopelvic parameters in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) who underwent long segment spinal fusion using iliac screw (IS) and S2-alar-iliac screw (S2AI) fixation.Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients underwent deformity correction surgery for ASD between 2013 and 2017 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether IS or S2AI fixation was performed. All radiographic parameters were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and the last follow-up. Demographics, intraoperative and clinical data were analyzed between the two groups. Additionally, the cohort was subdivided according to the postoperative change in pelvic incidence (PI): subgroup (C) was defined as change in PI ≥5° and subgroup (NC) with change <5°. In subgroup analyses, the 2 different types of postoperative change of PI were directly compared.Results: A total of 142 patients met inclusion criteria: 111 who received IS and 31 received S2AI fixation. The IS group (65.6 ± 26, 39.8 ± 13.8) showed a significantly higher change in lumbar lordosis (LL) and upper lumbar lordosis (ULL) than the S2AI group (54.4 ± 17.9, 30.3 ± 9.9) (p<0.05). In subgroup (C), PI significantly increased from 53° preoperatively to 59° postoperatively at least 50% of IS cohort, with a mean change of 5.8° (p<0.05). The clinical outcomes at the last follow-up were significantly better in IS group than in S2AI group in terms of VAS scores for back and leg. The occurrence of sacroiliac joint pain and pelvic screw fracture were significantly greater in S2AI group than in IS group (25.8% vs 9%, p<0.05) and (16.1% vs 3.6%, p<0.05).Conclusions: IS fixation showed a greater change in LL and ULL than S2AI fixation in ASD surgery. PI may be changed under certain circumstances.
Epicardial Delivery of Cardiosphere Derived Cells or Their Extracellular Vesicles in a Relevant Infarcted Swine Model: Safe, Easy but of Limited Effectiveness.
Authors: Crisostomo Verónica , Baez-Diaz Claudia , Blanco-Blazquez Virginia , Alvarez Verónica , Lopez-Nieto Esther , Maestre Juan , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Galvez-Monton Carolina , Casado Javier G , Sanchez-Margallo Francisco M
Published: May 2021

The epicardial administration of therapeutics via the pericardial sac offers an attractive route, since it is minimally invasive and carries no risks of coronary embolization. The aim of this study was to assess viability, safety and effectiveness of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells (CDCs), their extracellular vesicles (EVs) or placebo administered via a mini-thoracotomy 72h after experimental infarction in swine. The epicardial administration was completed successfully in all cases in a surgery time (knife-to-skin) below 30 minutes. No significant differences between groups were found in cardiac function parameters evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging before therapy and at the end of the study, despite a trend towards improved function in CDC-treated animals. Moreover, infarct size at 10 weeks was smaller in treated animals, albeit not significantly. Arrhythmia inducibility did not differ between groups. Pathological examination showed no differences, nor were there any pericardial adhesions evidenced in any case 10 weeks after surgery. These results show that the epicardial delivery of CDCs or their EVs is safe and technically easy 3 days after experimental myocardial infarction in swine, but it does not appear to have any beneficial effect on cardiac function. Our results do not support clinical translation of these therapies as implemented in this work.
Cumulative Incidences of Lung Cancer in Various Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Sakashita Hiroyuki , Akiyama Masako , Honda Takayuki , Ejima Masaru , Ishizuka Masahiro , Okamoto Tsukasa , Miyazaki Yasunari
Published: May 2021

Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients often develop lung cancer. However, previous studies on the incidences of lung cancer in ILD patients focused on specific aetiologies, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The lung cancer incidences in these patients have not been investigated, and thus, we aimed to evaluate them here.
Methods

ILD patients at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidences of lung cancer in patients with various ILDs were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between ILD groups using log-rank tests. The association between several variables at initial diagnosis and lung cancer development was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify predictors.
Results

In all, 606 ILD patients, including 161 with IPF, 133 with non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, 160 with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 87 with connective tissue disease-related ILDs, 19 with pulmonary sarcoidosis, and 46 with other ILDs, were included. Twenty-eight patients developed lung cancer. The cumulative incidences of lung cancer at 1, 3, and 5 years were: 1.9, 5.7, and 12.3% with IPF, respectively; 0.8, 0.8, and 4.0% in non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; 2.0, 4.6, and 11.0% in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and 1.1, 1.1, and 2.9% in connective tissue disease-related ILDs. IPF patients had a higher incidence of lung cancer than non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients (p = 0.036). A radiological usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, forced vital capacity value, and pack-years were associated with lung cancer development (hazard ratios 2.959, 1.031, 1.011; 95% confidence intervals 1.257–6.963, 1.006–1.057, 1.002–1.020, p = 0.013, 0.017, 0.020, respectively).
Conclusions

The lung cancer incidence is higher in IPF patients than in non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients and is equally high in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and IPF.
A Novel Variable-Length Header Extraction Scheme Based on Ring Laser for All-Optical Packet Switching Network
Authors: Jafari Dariush , Danaie Mohammad , Rezaei Pejman , Nurmohammadi Tofiq
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a novel header extraction scheme based on semiconductor ring laser is proposed and simulated for proof of principle. This scheme is to be used in all-optical packet switching network which can extract return-to-zero (RZ) format modulation data packet with variable header/payload length and intensive spacing. Simulations and numerical analysis for a 3-byte header and 128-byte payload show that this structure can extract the headers with more than 20 dB contrast ratio. Additionally, the structure simplicity and its small size is proper candida to integration in all-optical circuits.
Decreasing malaria transmission in Mojo Health Center, Ethiopia: Shifting burden of the disease and its implication for malaria elimination
Authors: Abate Andargie , Golassa Lemu
Published: May 2021

IntroductionMalaria continues to strike hardest against the public health and economic development in Ethiopia. Its transmission tends to be highly heterogeneous within or between years, and from area to area. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the trend prevalence of malaria in Mojo health center, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in Mojo health center, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia from February to March, 2021. Malaria cases and related data reported between 2016 and2020 were carefully reviewed from laboratory registration logbooks. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software.ResultsA total of 19, 106 blood films were examined from malaria suspected patients. The overall microscopically confirmed prevalence of malaria was 4.2%. P. vivax was the predominant species accounting 76.2% of positive samples. Malaria cases declined from 259 in 2016 to 77 in 2020. The proportion of malaria was higher among males (64.8%) than females (35.2%). Higher malaria cases were observed from the age group 15–24 years followed by the age group of 25–34. Malaria cases were at a peak level from September-November and lowest from December-February.ConclusionDespite declining trend of malaria prevalence was observed, malaria still remains a public health burden in the area. The high burden of malaria among reproductive age group, males, and during cultivation season reflects its impact on health and economic development. Shifting of P. falciparum to P.vivax related malaria should get an attention during prevention and control strategies for the successful progress of malaria elimination programme.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) with Granulomatous Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD) and SARS COVID-19 Infection: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Pattanaik Debendra , Ritter Shaunah , Fahhoum Joseph
Published: May 2021

Background

We present a case of CVID complicated by granulomatous interstitial lung disease (GLILD). This patient clinical course was further complicated by COVID-19 infection. This is only the 2nd known case report of COVID 19 in CVID with GLILD. The clinical course and outcome of COVID 19 infection with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and GLILD is not well known.
Case presentation:

Our patient met the clinical features of CVID secondary to low IgG/IgA, recurrent infections, and failure to respond to pneumococcal vaccination. He was treated with monthly maintenance IVIG therapy. Our patient also was diagnosed with co-existing GLILD that despite IVIG treatment was progressing. The patient needed to be started on Rituxan and Mycophenolate Mofetil to achieve control but unfortunately became infected with COVID19 delaying his treatment for GLILD. Our patient only suffered from mild COVID 19 infection and was able to make antibodies to this. We believe severe infection was avoided as his CVID was well controlled with IVIG therapy despite progression of his granulomatous interstitial lung disease.
Conclusion

In conclusion, our patient with CVID with co-existing biopsy proven granulomatous interstitial lung disease despite being very high risk for severe COVID 19 infection only had mild infection. This was believed to be due to well controlled CVID with IVIG therapy.
Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission (AIEE) Based Colorimetric and Selective Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor for Cyanide
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Sudha , Murugesan Kumaresan.M , Jeyasingh Vanthana , Selvapalam Narayanan , Dass Geetha
Published: May 2021

We have prepared and reporting a new cyanide colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent chemo sensor L. Naked-eye colorimetric studies shows the prepared receptor is selectively sensing cyanide ion in acetonitrile medium. The sensor L shows very weak fluorescence in acetonitrile medium. The emission intensity of L gets reduced (quenching of fluorescence) upon addition of one equivalent of cyanide. Meanwhile further gradual addition of more than one equivalents of cyanide onto 1:1 cyanide complex of L shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement. The weakly emissive receptor L show drastic enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon addition of excessive cyanide ion which is mainly attributed due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation of 1:1 L•CN- complex and intermolecular aggregation of host: guest complex. This enhanced fluorescence emission is attributed due to the aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) is subsequently supported with UV-Vis, emission and 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies. The preferential binding of cyanide by electron deficient receptor L through hydrogen bonding and anion···π interaction over benzene analogue of L is also analyzed with help of MEP surface analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for selective colorimetric and turn- on cyanide sensor through AIEE mechanism. This type of fluorine rich organic material having such an aggregation enhanced emission properties in response to cyanide addition will be useful to construct the new type of material for various sensory applications.
Horizontally Arranged Zinc Platelet Electrodeposits Modulated by Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Film for High-Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Zaiping , Zhao Zedong , Wang Rong , Peng Chengxin , Chen Wuji , Wu Tianqi , Hu Bo , Zeng Jiaxi , Liu Peiying , Liu Yicheng , Guo Jia , Lu Hongbin
Published: May 2021

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) provide a promising complementarity to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost, non-toxicity and intrinsic safety. However, Zn anodes suffer from zinc dendrite growth and continuous unfavorable side reactions, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and severe capacity decay. Here, we develop an ultrathin, fluorinated two-dimensional porous covalent organic framework (FCOF) film as a protective layer on the Zn surface to address these issues. The strong interaction between fluorine (F) in FCOF and Zn reduces the surface energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane and regulates planar growth of zinc anode materials. As a result, Zn deposits underneath FCOF films show parallel platelet morphology with (002) planar orientations preferred. Furthermore, F-containing nanochannels facilitate the de-solvation of hydrated Zn ions and prevent electrolyte penetration, thus retarding corrosion of Zn. Such unique FCOF films prolonged the Zn symmetric cell lifespan to over 1700 h, which is 13 times longer than the cells without protection (125 h). The assembled full cells demonstrate a cycle life of over 250 cycles at 3 mAcm-2 under practical conditions, including lean electrolyte (12 μLmAh-1), limited Zn excess (only 1×excess), and a high mass loading of MnO2 cathode (16 mgcm-2). This work provides a new perspective for the realization of planar deposition of zinc metal anodes for developing high performance Zn-based batteries.