bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POSSMs: a parsimonious speciation model for metals in soils
Authors: Lofts Stephen
Published: February 2022

Environmental context Predicting the chemistry of metals is important for understanding their movement and impacts in the environment. Metal chemistry models are generally complex and difficult to apply, but a simpler model, which does not need large amounts of input data, can also provide good results. A simpler model can be more easily included in large-scale models of metal transport and impacts in the environment. Abstract Mechanistic geochemical models are useful for detailed study of the speciation of metals in well-characterised soils, but can be challenging to apply when driving soil compositional data are sparse, for example, at large scales. Empirical models, using minimal driving data, have been developed either for prediction of solid–solution partitioning or for the computation of the free metal ion from the total or geochemically active metal. This work presents an empirical speciation model, POSSMs (ParsimOniouS Speciation of Metals in soils), which predicts the free, solution-bound and sorbed metal in a soil in a single calculation, using a minimal set of soil parameters. The model has been parameterised for Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb using datasets of geochemically active soil metal and solution phase composition. The parameterised model can also be used to compute the free metal ion from the solution metal. The model was tested by applying it to literature datasets on the speciation of metals in soil solutions and extracts, and on the metal solid–solution partitioning. The performance of the model was comparable to other empirical models of similar complexity. Some test datasets produced biased predictions, particularly in the underestimation of measured free ion at circumneutral and alkaline pH, where the model predicted low free ion concentrations. The model is not a replacement for mechanistic geochemical models, but is a useful tool for soil metal speciation where comprehensive driving data are not available.
A comparison of catch efficiency and bycatch reduction of tuna pole-and-line fisheries using Japan tuna hook (JT-hook) and circle-shaped hook (C-hook)
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Q. , Nguyen Binh V. , Phan Huyen T. , Nguyen Luong T. , To Phuong V. , Tran Hao V.
Published: February 2022

Unwanted bycatch of sea turtles in the tuna fisheries is a global challenge. To evaluate whether the incidental catch of sea turtles could be reduced through changes in fishing gear, this study compared catch rates and bycatch in the tuna pole-and-line with the addition of above-water lights (PL) fisheries using a Japan tuna hook (JT-hook) and a circle-shaped hook (C-hook). There were two phases to this study. First, five PL fishing vessels that used traditional JT-hooks were compared with five PL fishing vessels that used circle-shaped hooks throughout 1 full year of fishing. Results showed that C-hooks significantly reduced bycatch of sea turtle, while negligibly increasing the catch of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna. Second, we conducted the onboard research to investigate the effect of JT-hook v. C-hook on the catch rates of commercial PL fishery. Results showed that there were higher catch rates of long snouted lancefish (Alepisaurus ferox) and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), but lower catches of thresher shark (Alopias spp.) on C-hooks, with no significant differences for other species considered. Our results suggest that the use of C-hooks in the PL fishery is beneficial to protected endangered sea turtle species.
Where translation studies and the social meet
Authors: van Doorslaer Luc , McMartin Jack
Published: February 2022

This article outlines some main developments that have led to the recent emergence of research on the ‘sociology of translation.’ Such research adopts approaches from the broader social sciences, particularly sociology, but is also directly related to the so-called ‘cultural turn’ within translation studies. The scope of translation research has subsequently expanded to include cultural and power-related issues, creating common ground with the social sciences both in terms of how translation is conceptualized and the methods used to study it. Translation has come to be understood as a socially situated relation with difference, just as translation practitioners and researchers have been understood as complex, situated agents acting within and across the social spheres that condition cross-cultural, multilingual exchange. This orientation opens the way for new discoveries at the intersection of translation studies and the social sciences – workTranslation in Societyseeks to advance.
Marginal tubes and foliations by marginal surfaces
Authors: Le Pengyu
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a marginal tube, which is a hypersurface foliated by marginal surfaces. It generalises the notion of a marginally trapped tube and several notions of black hole horizons, for example trapping horizons, isolated horizons, dynamical horizons, etc. We prove that if every spacelike section of a marginal tube is a marginal surface, then the marginal tube is null. There is no assumption on the topology of the marginal tube. To prove it, we study the geometry of spacelike surfaces in a four-dimensional spacetime with the help of double null coordinate systems. The result is valid for arbitrary four-dimensional spacetimes, regardless of any energy condition.
A wearable exhaling-oxygen-sensing mask based on piezoelectric/gas-sensing coupling effect for real-time monitoring and uploading lung disease information
Authors: Lin Yuxing , Long Zhihe , Liang Shan , Zhong Tianyan , Xing Lili
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive analysis of respiratory gases may provide noninvasive health monitoring of lung diseases, such as corona virus 2019 pneumonia. Here, a self-powered wearable mask has been fabricated for real-time monitoring and uploading exhaling oxygen information. Tetrapod ZnO (T-ZnO) nanostructures are hybridized with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) that adhere to flexible fabric substrate on a mask. The piezoelectric effect of T-ZnO/PVDF is coupled with the gas sensing properties. The sensing unit can convert breath energy into piezoelectric signal without any external power supply, and the outputting piezoelectric voltage increases with increasing oxygen concentration, acting as the sensing signal. The sensing unit integrated with data processing module and wireless Bluetooth module can transmit the exhaling oxygen information to the mobile device, realizing real-time monitoring the oxygenation capacity of the lungs. This self-powered wearable approach can promote the lung diagnosis outside of clinical settings.
Epitaxial (110)-oriented La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film directly on flexible mica substrate
Authors: Ye Lianxu , Zhang Di , Lu Juanjuan , Xu Sicheng , Xu Ruixing , Fan Jiyu , Tang Rujun , Wang Haiyan , Guo Haizhong , Li Weiwei , Yang Hao
Published: February 2022

Manufacture and characterizations of perovskite-mica van der Waals epitaxy heterostructures are a critical step to realize the application of flexible devices. However, the fabrication and investigation of the van der Waals epitaxy architectures grown on mica substrates are mainly limited to (111)-oriented perovskite functional oxide thin films up to now and buffer layers are highly needed. In this work, we directly grew La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films on mica substrates without using any buffer layer. By the characterizations of x-ray diffractometer and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of the (110)-oriented LSMO thin film on the mica substrate. The LSMO thin film grown on the mica substrate via van der Waals epitaxy adopts domain matching epitaxy instead of conventional lattice matching epitaxy. Two kinds of domain matching relationships between the LSMO thin film and mica substrate are sketched by Visualization for Electronic and STructural Analysis software and discussed. A decent ferromagnetism retains in the (110)-oriented LSMO thin film. Our work demonstrates a new pathway to fabricate (110)-oriented functional oxide thin films on flexible mica substrates directly.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on a multi-head graph attention network
Authors: Jiang Li , Li Xingjie , Wu Lin , Li Yibing
Published: February 2022

The bearing is the core component of mechanical equipment, and attention has been paid to its health monitoring and fault diagnosis. Bearing fault diagnosis technology based on deep learning has been widely developed because of its powerful feature learning and fault classification ability. However, the traditional deep learning-based bearing fault diagnosis methods fail in mining the relationship between signals explicitly, which is beneficial to fault classification. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method based on a multi-head graph attention network (MHGAT) for bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, it employs dynamic time warping to transform the original vibration signals into graph data with topological structure, so as to exploit the intrinsic structural information of the independent samples. Next, the graph data is input into the MHGAT, and the weights of neighbor nodes are learned automatically. Then, the MHGAT extracts the discriminative features from different scales and aggregates them into an enhanced, new feature representation of graph nodes through the multi-head attention mechanism. Finally, the enhanced, new features are fed into the SoftMax classifier for bearing fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined by two bearing datasets. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by comparison to traditional deep learning diagnosis models.
Dual-molecular targeted NIR II probe with enhanced response for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma imaging
Authors: Ma Yaqun , Wang Yanxing , Hui Xin , Lin Bi , Yuan Ying , Tao Xiaofeng , Lv Ruichan
Published: February 2022

In this research, a fluorescent probe of 7-(diethylamine) coumarin derivatives with multiple binding sites to detect biothiols in tumor cell with strong NIR II luminescence in vivo was synthesized. The biothiols include cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, and the tumor-response luminescence was proved by the cell experiment. Importantly, the monolayer functional phospholipid (DSPE-PEG) coating and aggregation induced emission (AIE) dye of TPE modification made the probe have good stability and biocompatibility with little luminescence quenching in aqueous phase, which was proved by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The final aqueous NIR II probe combined with bevacizumab (for VEGF recognition in the cancer cells) and Capmatinib (for Met protein recognition in the cancer cells) has stronger targeted imaging on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer with intravenous injection. This GSH/Cys detection in the tumor cell and strong dual-molecular NIR II bioimaging in vivo may provide new strategy to tumor detection.
Characterization of plasma in RF jet interacting with water: Thomson scattering versus spectral line broadening
Authors: Yatom Shurik , Oldham Trey , Thimsen Elijah
Published: February 2022

In this work we carry out a detailed characterization of an Ar radiofrequency plasma jet interacting with liquid. The focus of the paper is measurement of the electron density by examining the Stark broadening of hydrogen Balmer α line and Thomson scattering (TS). Supporting diagnostics are done to investigate the channel evolution and movement, and gas temperature. The comparison of the two approaches shows the caveats and the advantages that should gain attention in future applications. In particular, the plasma channel dynamics have a significant impact on the TS signal and may result in physical phenomena being missed due to channel dislocations. The conclusions of the work elucidate the pitfalls for interpreting the results of TS when the discharge is a dynamic filamentary plasma. This work establishes the temporal evolution of the plasma and the gas parameters in a plasma–liquid system employed for investigation of plasma-induced electrodeless electrochemistry.
Normal zone propagation in various REBCO tape architectures
Authors: Lacroix Christian , Giguère Jaël , Bergeron Hartman Simon-Mathieu , Ben Saad Haïfa , Martin Anthony , Leduc Thomas , Gendron-Paul Maxime , Bellil Zakaria , Fournier-Lupien Jean-Hughes , Moret Lucile , Barusco Pedro , Granados Xavier , Obradors Xavier , Pekarčiková Marcela , Gömöry Fedor , Grosse Veit , Bauer Markus , Sirois Frédéric
Published: February 2022

The normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of three families of REBCO tape architectures designed for superconducting fault current limiters and to be used in high voltage direct current transmission systems has been measured experimentally in liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The measured NZPVs span more than three orders of magnitude depending on the tape architectures. Numerical simulations based on finite elements allow us to reproduce the experiments well. The dynamic current transfer length (CTL) extracted from the numerical simulations was found to be the dominating characteristic length determining the NZPV instead of the thermal diffusion length. We therefore propose a simple analytical model, whose key parameters are the dynamic CTL, the heat capacity and the resistive losses in the metallic layers, to calculate the NZPV.
Enhanced viral inactivation by combined ultraviolet light and heat
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Yun , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yunchu , Dong Jianfei
Published: February 2022

Viral sensitivity to high temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been extensively studied. However, there is still little attention paid to study the joint effect of these two physical factors. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the advances of disinfection techniques, rapid and effective viral inactivation by combining heat and UV light is worth investigating. This work focuses on developing such a device combining UV light-emitting diode light sources and a heater. Moreover, two UV bands have been studied in this work, namely 280 nm ultraviolet-C (UVC) and 365 nm ultraviolet-A (UVA. A) control system is developed to accurately control both the heating temperature of the device and the irradiance of the dual-spectral UV light sources. The performance of the device is verified by a series of experimental measurements. More importantly, the disinfection effect of the device has been verified by the experiments based on non-pathogenic carrier virus commonly used in the laboratory. The disinfection doses of the 280 nm UVC and 365 nm UVA light sources under the high temperature synergy have been examined. The experimental results show that when combined with a heating temperature of 60 ∘C, the cumulative UV radiation doses required for sufficient viral inactivation can be greatly reduced.
Modular multilevel TMS device with wide output range and ultrabrief pulse capability for sound reduction
Authors: Zeng Zhiyong , Koponen Lari M , Hamdan Rena , Li Zhongxi , Goetz Stefan M , Peterchev Angel V
Published: February 2022

Objective. This article presents a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse generator with a wide range of pulse shape, amplitude, and width. Approach. Based on a modular multilevel TMS (MM-TMS) topology we had proposed previously, we realized the first such device operating at full TMS energy levels. It consists of ten cascaded H-bridge modules, each implemented with insulated-gate bipolar transistors, enabling both novel high-amplitude ultrabrief pulses as well as pulses with conventional amplitude and duration. The MM-TMS device can output pulses including up to 21 voltage levels with a step size of up to 1100 V, allowing relatively flexible generation of various pulse waveforms and sequences. The circuit further allows charging the energy storage capacitor on each of the ten cascaded modules with a conventional TMS power supply. Main results. The MM-TMS device can output peak coil voltages and currents of 11 kV and 10 kA, respectively, enabling suprathreshold ultrabrief pulses (>8.25 μs active electric field phase). Further, the MM-TMS device can generate a wide range of near-rectangular monophasic and biphasic pulses, as well as more complex staircase-approximated sinusoidal, polyphasic, and amplitude-modulated pulses. At matched estimated stimulation strength, briefer pulses emit less sound, which could enable quieter TMS. Finally, the MM-TMS device can instantaneously increase or decrease the amplitude from one pulse to the next in discrete steps by adding or removing modules in series, which enables rapid pulse sequences and paired-pulse protocols with variable pulse shapes and amplitudes. Significance. The MM-TMS device allows unprecedented control of the pulse characteristics which could enable novel protocols and quieter pulses.
Towards single-trial classification of invasively recorded auditory evoked potentials in cochlear implant users
Authors: Bauernfeind G , Teschner M J , Wriessnegger S C , Büchner A , Lenarz T , Haumann S
Published: February 2022

Objective. One promising approach towards further improving cochlear implants (CI) is to use brain signals controlling the device in order to close the auditory loop. Initial electroencephalography (EEG) studies have already shown promising results. However, they are based on noninvasive measurements, whereas implanted electrodes are expected to be more convenient in terms of everyday-life usability. If additional measurement electrodes were implanted during CI surgery, then invasive recordings should be possible. Furthermore, implantation will provide better signal quality, higher robustness to artefacts, and thus enhanced classification accuracy. Approach. In an initial project, three additional epidural electrodes were temporarily implanted during the surgical procedure. After surgery, different auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded both invasively (epidural) and using surface electrodes, with invasively recorded signals demonstrated as being markedly superior. In this present analysis, cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) signals recorded in seven patients were used for single-trial classification of sounds with different intensities. For classification purposes, we used shrinkage-regularized linear discriminant analysis (sLDA). Clinical speech perception scores were also investigated. Main results. Analysis of CERA data from different subjects showed single-trial classification accuracies of up to 99.2% for perceived vs. non-perceived sounds. Accuracies of up to 89.1% were achieved in classification of sounds perceived at different intensities. Highest classification accuracies were achieved by means of epidural recordings. Required loudness differences seemed to correspond to speech perception in noise. Significance. The proposed epidural recording approach showed good classification accuracy into sound perceived and not perceived when the best-performing electrodes were selected. Classifying different levels of sound stimulation accurately proved more challenging. At present, the methods explored in this study would not be sufficiently reliable to allow automated closed-loop control of CI parameters. However, our findings are an important initial contribution towards improving applicability of closed auditory loops and for next-generation automatic fitting approaches.
Neutrino mass models by the 1000s!
Authors: Volkas Raymond R.
Published: February 2022

After putting the problem of neutrino mass generation in the context of physics beyond the standard model as a whole, I specialise to models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses and mixings. I spend most of the time summarising the results of a systematic classification and model-construction scheme based on opening up gauge-invariant ΔL = 2 effective operators constructed out of standard model fields. The focus is on tree-level openings of all operators up to mass dimension 11 using only exotic fields for the virtual states in the UV. This process produces renormalisable models that furnish mostly loop-level - that is to say radiative - Majorana neutrino mass models. I reference a searchable database authored by Gargalionis, and describe some of the general features of this large family of about 11,000 models. We will see that exotics such as scalar leptoquarks abound, and often lead to models of neutrino mass that can also address some or all of the current B-decay anomalies such R
K(*) and R
D

(*) and the (g – 2)
e,μ
discrepancies.
Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Authors: Neronov Andrii
Published: February 2022

New field of multi-messenger astronomy has experienced rapid expansion over the last several years. The range of astronomical “messenger” channels now includes, along with electromagnetic radiation, also neutrinos and gravitational waves. Signals detected in these channels span over 43 decades in energy / frequency. This talk provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field, across different types of messengers and energy / frequency ranges.
Ultra-High energy cosmic rays
Authors: Mollerach Silvia
Published: February 2022

An overview of the status of the knowledge in the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is presented. The latest results on the spectrum, arrival direction distribution and composition measurements are summarized and some implications for the understanding of the cosmic ray origin and their propagation are discussed.
A numerical approach to stochastic inflation and primordial black holes
Authors: Tomberg Eemeli
Published: February 2022

Certain models of cosmic inflation produce strong cosmological perturbations at short length scales, which may later collapse into primordial black holes. To find the statistics of these strong perturbations and the ensuing black holes, it is necessary to go beyond linear perturbation theory. Stochastic inflation provides a way to take the leading non-linear effects into account. In this contribution, I discuss recent progress in numerical computations of stochastic inflation. A numerical approach can include more of the non-linearities than an analytical calculation, and can be applied to single-field inflationary models with any potential.
Maximally misaligned axions
Authors: Reig Mario
Published: February 2022

I discuss a simple model of maximal axion misalignment. Maximally-misaligned axions with ma
> 10−22 eV are compelling DM candidates with a rich and interesting phenomenology. On the other hand, maximally-misaligned axions lighter than m ∼ O(100)H
0 may behave as dark energy with decay constants substantially smaller than the Planck scale, avoiding consistency problems associated to trans-Planckian scales.
Exploring the Sun’s core with BabylAXO
Authors: Galan Javier
Published: February 2022

Axions are a natural consequence of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, the most compelling solution to the strong-CP problem. Similar axion-like particles (ALPs) also appear in a number of possible extensions of the Standard Model, notably in string theories. Both, axions and ALPs, are very well motivated candidates for Dark Matter (DM), and they would be copiously produced at the sun’s core. A relevant effort during the last two decades has been the CAST experiment at CERN, the most sensitive axion helioscope to date. The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a large-scale 4th generation helioscope, and its primary physics goal is to extend further the search for solar axions or ALPs with a final signal to background ratio of about 5 orders of magnitude higher.

We briefly review here the astrophysical hints and models that will be at reach while searching for solar axions within the context of the IAXO helioscope search program, and in particular the physics under reach for BabyIAXO, an intermediate helioscope stage towards the full IAXO.
Sterile neutrino dark matter, neutrino secret self-interactions and extra radiation
Authors: Sen Manibrata
Published: February 2022

keV scale sterile neutrinos are excellent warm dark matter candidates. In the early Universe, these can be produced from oscillations and scatterings of active neutrinos. However, in the absence of any new physics, this mechanism is in severe tension with observations from X-ray searches. In this work, we show that secret self-interactions of active neutrinos, mediated by a scalar, can efficiently produce these sterile neutrinos without being ruled out by X-ray observations. These neutrino self-interactions are also testable: for a mediator mass greater than a few MeV, these self-interactions can give signatures in laboratory based experiments, while for lighter mediators, there will be observable consequences for upcoming cosmology probes.1
Revisiting the two singlet dark matter model
Authors: Basak Tanushree , Coleppa Baradhwaj , Loho Kousik
Published: February 2022

We reinvestigate the two real singlet extension of the Standard Model with a

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry. In this model, the destructive interference between the two t-channel scalar mediators to some extent alleviates the otherwise very stringent constraint from the Xenon1T experiment while the Breit-Wigner enhancement of dark matter annihilation cross section not only proves useful in satisfying the relic abundance criterion but also ensures the scope for explaining the observed gamma-ray excess in the galactic centre.
Beyond the Standard Model Searches with the Majorana Demonstrator Experiment
Authors: Xu Wenqin
Published: February 2022

The Majorana Demonstrator experiment operated two modular arrays of p-type point contact high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, of which 30 kg is enriched to 88% in Ge-76, to search for neutrinoless double beta decay. The data-taking campaign for double beta decay with enriched detectors was successfully concluded in March 2021, and data-taking with natural detectors is still ongoing. The Demonstrator has achieved excellent energy performance in a wide dynamic range covering 1 keV to 10 MeV. The extra-low background level and excellent energy performance achieved by the Demonstrator makes it competitive in various searches of physics beyond the Standard Model.

If there is an axion-photon coupling, axions can be produced by the Primakoff conversion of photons in the Sun. Solar axions can inversely generate photon signals in germanium crystals, which can be coherently enhanced when the Bragg condition is satisfied. The Demonstrator is searching for solar axions with a novel method to correlate and leverage its high number of HPGe detectors. We will discuss the status and results of recent searches for new physics with the Demonstrator, including the first reporting of a solar axion search.
Annual modulation results from three-year exposure of ANAIS-112
Authors: Amaré J , Cebrián S , Cintas D , Coarasa I , García E , Martínez M , Oliván M A , Ortigoza Y , Solárzano A Ortiz de , Puimedón J , Salinas A , Sarsa M L , Villar P
Published: February 2022

ANAIS-112 is a dark matter direct detection experiment that operates 112 kg of NaI(Tl) scintillators at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC, Spain). Its main goal is to test in a model independent way one of the most puzzling results in the present particle physics scenario: the DAMA/LIBRA observation of an annual modulation in the detection rate compatible with that expected for dark matter. This signal is in strong tension with the negative results of other very sensitive experiments. However, until recently a direct comparison using the same target material (NaI(Tl)) was lacking. ANAIS-112 has been taking data since August 2017 in stable conditions with excellent performance. Results from the first three years are compatible with the absence of modulation and incompatible with the DAMA/LIBRA measured modulation at more than 2.5σ C.L. This result supports the projected goal of reaching a 3σ sensitivity to the DAMA/LIBRA result for the scheduled five-year operation.
Acoustic response of nuclear recoils in bubble chambers
Authors: Broerman Benjamin
Published: February 2022

The bubble chambers of the PICO collaboration use the acoustic signal generated from nucleations to classify nuclear recoil events from alpha decays in the bulk fluid. The success of these detectors in probing the potential WIMP-proton cross section comes in part from the low energy threshold that can be achieved. This nucleation threshold, based on the Seitz model, is dependent on fluid type, pressure, and temperature. At higher thresholds bubble nucleation does occur but with a significant loss in the measurable acoustic signal. To investigate this, the acoustic response of bulk nuclear recoil events was measured as a function of pressure and temperature and found to depend exponentially on both parameters.
Constraining Dark Matter Annihilation with Cosmic Ray Antiprotons using Neural Networks
Authors: Nippel Kathrin , Kahlhoefer Felix , Korsmeier Michael , Krämer Michael , Manconi Silvia
Published: February 2022

The interpretation of indirect detection experiments searching for dark matter annihilations requires computationally expensive simulations of cosmic-ray propagation. We present a new method based on Recurrent Neural Networks that significantly accelerates simulations of secondary and dark matter cosmic ray antiprotons. This approach allows for an efficient marginalization over the nuisance parameters of a cosmic ray propagation model in order to perform parameter scans for a wide range of dark matter models. We present resulting constraints using the most recent AMS-02 antiproton data on dark matter WIMP models. The speed-up achieved with our method results in a runtime two orders of magnitude below a conventional Monte Carlo approach, once the neural network has been trained.
Constraining sub-GeV dark matter with the Integral data
Authors: Cirelli Marco , Kavanagh Bradley J. , Fornengo Nicolao , Pinetti Elena
Published: February 2022

The goal of this work is to constrain sub-GeV dark matter particles (1 MeV ≤ mDM ≤ 5 GeV) by looking at photons in the keV energy range and by including the inverse Compton scattering contribution to the total flux. In particular, the electrons and positrons produced by dark matter particles can scatter the low-energy photons in the Milky Way up to the X-ray energies. These X rays are probed by the Integral data, which we utilised to constrain the dark matter annihilation cross-section. The relevant annihilation channels are electron, muon and pion. As a result, we derived competitive bounds for dark matter particles with a mass between 150 MeV and 1.5 GeV.
Improving the sensitivity to light dark matter with the Migdal effect
Authors: Grilli di Cortona G , Piacentini S , Messina A
Published: February 2022

We studied, using a Bayesian approach, how the Migdal effect can be exploited in experiments based on liquid argon detectors. In particular we develop a simulated experiment to show how the Migdal electron allows to push the experimental sensitivity down to masses of 0.1 GeV/c
2, extending the search region for dark matter particles of previous results. Finally, given the relevance of the Migdal effect to the search for low mass Dark Matter, we discuss some new ideas on how to possibly measure such an effect with detectors based on a Time Projection Chamber exposed to an high neutron flux.
Indirect Dark Matter search towards the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Poirè Chiara
Published: February 2022

Dark Matter particles, such as Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) gravitationally captured in massive celestial objects, can be indirectly detected through their annihilation into Standard Model particles. The centres of those massive objects are, therefore, places where to look for a possible high energy neutrino flux excess from dark matter annihilations, using neutrino telescopes. The deep-sea neutrino telescope ANTARES, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has been shown to be very competitive in the quest for Dark Matter WIMPs produced in the Galactic Centre. A closer potential DM source is the Sun, where it is possible to have a very clean signal since the background from astrophysical origin is expected to be very low. In this work we show the expected sensitivity of a search for Dark Matter WIMPs from the Sun, using 13 years of data collected by ANTARES.
Measurement of the underground argon radiopurity for Dark Matter direct searches
Authors: Pesudo Vicente
Published: February 2022

A major worldwide effort is underway to procure the radiopure argon needed for DarkSide-20k (DS-20k), the first large scale detector of the new Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. The Urania project will extract and purify underground argon (UAr) from CO2 wells in the USA at a production rate of about 330 kg/day. Additional chemical purification of the UAr will be required prior to its use in the DS-20k LAr-TPC. The Aria project will purify UAr using a cryogenic distillation column (Seruci-I), located in Sardinia (Italy). Assessing the UAr purity in terms of 39Ar is crucial for the physics program of the DarkSide-20k experiment. DArT is a small (1 litre) radiopure chamber that will measure the 39 Ar depletion factor in the UAr. The detector will be immersed in the active liquid Ar volume of ArDM (LSC, Spain), which will act as a veto for gammas from the detector materials and the surrounding rock. In this article, the status and prospects of the UAr projects for DarkSide-20k are reviewed with a special focus in DArT.
Directional Dark Matter Search with the NEWSdm experiment
Authors: Golovatiuk Artem
Published: February 2022

Despite the extensive search for the detection of the dark matter (DM), experiments have yielded null results: they are probing lower and lower cross-section values and touching the so-called neutrino floor. A way to possibly overcome the limitation of the neutrino floor is a directional sensitive approach: one of the most promising techniques for directional detection is nuclear emulsion technology with nanometric resolution. The NEWSdm experiment in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy is based on a novel nuclear emulsion acting both as the Weakly Interactive Massive Particle (WIMP) target and as the nanometric-accuracy tracking device. This would provide a powerful method of confirming the Galactic origin of the dark matter, thanks to the cutting-edge technology developed to readout sub-nanometric trajectories. Here we discuss the experiment design, its physics potential, the performance achieved in test beam measurements and the near-future plans. After submitting a Letter of Intent, a new facility for emulsion handling was constructed in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. A Conceptual Design Report was submitted to INFN in Summer 2021.
Underground detections of an extra gauge interacting sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Seto Osamu , Shimomura Takashi
Published: February 2022

We show that decay products from sterile neutrino dark matter in extra U(1) models are detectable in both direct dark matter detection experiments and neutrino telescope. The sterile neutrino dark matter interacts with a light gauge boson and decays into neutrinos. Those neutrinos could scatter off nuclei with a large enough recoil energy in direct dark matter detection experiments as WIMPs do.
Probing light dark scalars with future laboratory experiments
Authors: Taoso Marco
Published: February 2022

We explore a dark sector containing a pair of light non-degenerate scalar particles, with masses in the MeV-GeV range, coupled to the visibile sector through heavier mediators. We analyze the prospects for detection with the proposed beam-dump facility SHiP, and the proposed LHC experiments FASER and MATHUSLA. We confront these sensitivities with constraints from the beam-dump experiment CHARM and colliders (LEP, LHC and BaBar).
Supernova Constraints on Dark Flavored Sectors
Authors: Terol-Calvo Jorge
Published: February 2022

Proto-neutron stars forming a few seconds after core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments where hyperons can be efficiently produced by weak processes. By making use of various state-of-the-art supernova simulations combined with the proper extensions of the equations of state including Λ hyperons, we calculate the cooling of the star induced by the emission of dark particles X0 through the decay Λ → nX
0. Comparing this novel energy-loss process to the neutrino cooling of SN 1987A allows us to set a stringent upper limit on the branching fraction, BR(Λ → nX
0) ≤ 8 × 10−9, that we apply to massless dark photons and axions with flavor-violating couplings to quarks. We find that the new supernova bound can be orders of magnitude stronger than other limits in dark-sector models.
Studying QCD modeling of uncertainties in particle spectra from dark-matter annihilation into jets
Authors: Jueid Adil
Published: February 2022

Motivated by various excesses observed by the Fermi-LAT and AMS collaborations, we perform a detailed analysis of QCD uncertainties on particle spectra from dark-matter annihilation (or decay) into jets. When annihilated to SM particles, the final-state annihilation products undergo various complicated processes such as QED and QCD bremsstrahlung, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes contain some intrinsic uncertainties which are usually difficult to model and which are neglected in physical analyses. First, we perform several re-tunings of the fragmentation function parameters. Then, we estimate two kinds of uncertainties: (i) perturbative from QCD showers and (ii) non-perturbative from hadronisation function. The results are tabulated for a wide range of dark matter masses, mχ
∈ [5,105] GeV, and annihilation channels. They can be found on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764809.
The search for Light Dark Matter with NEWS-G
Authors: Durnford Daniel , Piro Marie-Cécile
Published: February 2022

The NEWS-G direct dark matter search experiment uses spherical proportional counters (SPC) with light noble gases to explore low WIMP masses. The first results obtained with an SPC prototype operated with Ne gas at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) have already set competitive results for low-mass WIMPs. The forthcoming next phase of the experiment consists of a large 140 cm diameter SPC installed at SNOLAB with a new sensor design, with improved detector performance and data quality. Before its installation at SNOLAB, the detector was commissioned with pure methane gas at the LSM, with a temporary water shield, offering a hydrogen-rich target and reduced backgrounds. After giving an overview of the improvements of the detector, preliminary results of this campaign will be discussed, including UV laser and Ar-37 calibration data.
WimPyDD: an object-oriented Python code for WIMP-nucleus scattering direct detection in virtually any scenario
Authors: Tomar Gaurav , Jeong Injun , Kang Sunghyun , Scopel Stefano
Published: February 2022

We introduce WimPyDD, a modular, object-oriented and customisable Python code that accurately predicts the expected WIMP-nucleus scattering rates in WIMP direct-detection experiments including the response of the detector. WimPyDD utilises the framework of Galilean-invariant non-relativistic effective theory, allowing to handle an arbitrary number of effective operators, and can perform the calculation of the excepted rate in virtually any scenario, including inelastic scattering, WIMPs with an arbitrary spin, and a generic velocity distribution in the Galactic halo. The power and flexibility of WimPyDD is discussed in some explicit examples.
The Scoto-seesaw model: Dark matter and Stability
Authors: Mandal Sanjoy
Published: February 2022

We analyze the consistency of electroweak breaking, neutrino and dark matter phenomenology within the simplest scoto-seesaw model. The scoto-seesaw model can be obtained by adding the minimal dark sector to the simplest “missing partner” type-I seesaw. This way one has a physical picture for the neutrino oscillation lengths: the “atmospheric” mass scale arises from the tree-level seesaw, while the “solar” scale is induced radiatively, mediated by the dark sector. One also has a lower bound for the neutrinoless double beta decay amplitude 1.
Search for gamma-ray line emission from Dark Matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre with the MAGIC telescopes
Authors: Inada Tomohiro , Kerszberg Daniel , Hütten Moritz , Teshima Masahiro , Rico Javier , Ninci Daniele
Published: February 2022

We present a search for dark matter spectral lines in the Galactic Centre (GC) region with the MAGIC telescopes. The MAGIC telescopes, located on the Canary island of La Palma (Spain), are sensitive to photons in the energy range from 50 GeV to 50 TeV with low zenith angle observations. MAGIC has performed indirect dark matter searches with various astrophysical targets. Since the MAGIC telescopes are located in the northern hemisphere, the GC is visible only at high zenith angles. Observations at high zenith angles significantly increase the telescopes’ effective collection area, which boosts sensitivity for gamma rays in the TeV regime. We report the results obtained with more than 200 hours of high zenith angle observations of the GC region with MAGIC.
Quenching Factor consistency across several NaI(Tl) crystals
Authors: Cintas D. , An P. , Awe C. , Barbeau P. S. , Barbosa de Souza E. , Hedges S. , Jo J. H. , Martínez M. , Maruyama R. H. , Li L. , Rich G. C. , Runge J. , Sarsa M. L. , Thompson W. G.
Published: February 2022

Testing the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation result independently of dark matter particle and halo models has been a challenge for twenty years. Using the same target material, NaI(Tl), is required and presently two experiments, ANAIS-112 and COSINE-100, are running for such a goal. A precise knowledge of the detector response to nuclear recoils is mandatory because this is the most likely channel to find the dark matter signal. The light produced by nuclear recoils is quenched with respect to that produced by electrons by a factor that has to be measured experimentally. However, current quenching factor measurements in NaI(Tl) crystals disagree within the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. To disentangle whether this discrepancy is due to intrinsic differences in the light response among different NaI(Tl) crystals, or has its origin in unaccounted for systematic effects will be key in the comparison among the different experiments. We present measurements of the quenching factors for five small NaI(Tl) crystals performed in the same experimental setup to control systematics. Quenching factor results are compatible between crystals and no clear dependence with energy is observed from 10 to 80 keVnr.
Planck scale multi-scattering dark matter in DEAP-3600
Authors: Lai Michela
Published: February 2022

Dark matter candidates at Planck scale masses might have been produced by many cosmological mechanisms in the early Universe. Underground detectors like DEAP-3600, designed for the search of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, can actually be sensitive to these super-heavy dark matter candidates. The collaboration has performed a blind analysis of data from DEAP-3600 over 813 days of lifetime, by looking for a multi-scattering signal. As no event is found after the unblinding, leading exclusion limits are set, constraining dark matter in the mass range of (8.3 × 106 — 1.2 × 1019) GeV/c2, and dark matter-argon nucleus cross-sections in the range (1.0 × 10−23 — 2.4 × 10−18) cm2.
Ultralight dark matter searches with KAGRA gravitational wave telescope
Authors: Michimura Yuta , Fujita Tomohiro , Kume Jun’ya , Morisaki Soichiro , Nagano Koji , Nakatsuka Hiromasa , Nishizawa Atsushi , Obata Ippei
Published: February 2022

Among various dark matter candidates, bosonic ultralight fields with masses below 1eV are well motivated. Recently, a number of novel approaches have been put forward to search for ultralight dark matter candidates using laser interferometers at various scales. Those include our proposals to search for axion-like particles (ALPs) and vector fields with laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. ALPs can be searched for by measuring the oscillating polarization rotation of laser light. Massive vector fields weakly coupled to the standard model sector can also be searched for by measuring the oscillating forces acting on the suspended mirrors of the interferometers. In this paper, the current status of the activities to search for such ultralight dark matter candidates using a gravitational wave detector in Japan, KAGRA, is reviewed. The analysis of data from KAGRA’s observing run in 2020 to search for vector dark matter, and the installation of polarization optics to the arm cavity transmission ports of the interferometer to search for ALPs in future observing runs are underway.
Search for dark matter signals toward the irregular dwarf galaxy WLM with H.E.S.S
Authors: Armand Céline , Moulin Emmanuel , Poireau Vincent , Rinchiuso Lucia
Published: February 2022

Cosmological and astrophysical probes suggest that dark matter (DM) makes up for 85% of the total matter of the Universe. The determination of its nature, however, remains one of the greatest challenges of fundamental Physics. In the DM indirect detection framework, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) particles would produce signals by self-annihilating and creating SM products such as γ rays, which might be detected by ground-based telescopes. Dwarf irregular galaxies represent promising targets for the search for DM as they are assumed to be dark matter dominated. These dwarf irregular galaxies are rotationally supported with relatively simple and well measured kinematics which lead to small uncertainties on their dark matter distribution profiles. In 2018, the H.E.S.S. telescopes observed the irregular dwarf galaxy Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM) for 18 hours. These observations are the very first ones made by an imaging air Cherenkov telescope toward this kind of objects. We search for a DM signal looking for excess of γ rays towards WLM dwarf galaxy. We perform the first analysis of this source in stereoscopy using the data taken by the five H.E.S.S. telescopes. In this proceeding, we present the new results on the observations of WLM interpreted in terms of velocity-weighted cross-section for DM self-annihilation 〈συ〉 as a function of DM particle mχ
mass for the eight annihilation channels

W
+

W
−

,

Z
+

Z
−

,
b

b
¯

,
t

t
¯

,

e
+

e
−

,

μ
+

μ
−

,

τ
+

τ
−

, and γγ.
Search for long-duration transient gravitational waves from glitching pulsars during LIGO—Virgo third observing run
Authors: Modafferi Luana M. , Moragues Joan , Keitel David
Published: February 2022

Pulsars are spinning neutron stars which emit an electromagnetic beam. We expect pulsars to slowly decrease their rotational frequency. However, sudden increases of the rotational frequency have been observed from different pulsars. These events are called “glitches” and they are followed by a relaxation phase with timescales from days to months. Gravitational wave (GW) emission may follow these peculiar events. We give an overview of an analysis of GW data from the Advanced LIGO and Virgo third observing run (O3) searching for transient GW signals lasting hours to months after glitches in known pulsars. The search method consists of placing a template grid in frequency–spindown space with fixed grid spacings. Then, for each point we compute the transientF-statistic which is maximized over a set of transient parameters like the duration and start time of the potential signals. A threshold on the detection statistic is then set, and we search for peaks over the parameter space for each candidate.