bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae) Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Formalin
Authors: Tumiir Mita Sindy , Tiwow Gideon A. R. , Karauwan Ferdy A. , Palandi Reky R.
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiinflamasi dari daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae) pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus), sehingga Masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan daun Leilem sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi inflamasi.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimental dengan menggunakan tikus putih sebanyak 15 ekor. Metode pengujian antiinflamasi yang digunakan adalah uji edema pada telapak kaki tikus dengan induksi formalin. Hewan uji dikelompokan menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda yaitu cataflam (kalium diklofenak) sebagai kontrol positif, aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif, dan ekstrak etanol daun Leilem dengan dosis 75 mg/kg BB, 150 mg/kg BB, 300 mg/kg BB. Hewan uji diamati dan diukur tebal edemanya selama 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan % reduksi radang pada jam ke-1 sampai jam ke-6 kelompok kontrol positif cataflam sebesar 13,9%, 41,4%, 53,4%, 61%, 73,8% dan 92,4%, ekstrak etanol daun Leilem dosis 75 mg/kg BB sebesar 2,5%, 11,3%, 5,3%, 2,8%, 1,7% dan 1,7%, dosis 150 mg/kg BB sebesar 12,2%, 36,3%, 39,5%, 40,3%, 44,8% dan 65,3%, dan dosis 300 mg/kg BB sebesar 44,9%, 50,3%, 50,6%, 51,1%, 63,6% dan 68,7%. Ekstrak etanol daun Leilem memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi.
Review
Authors: Slootjes Daniëlle
Published: March 2022

Prolegomena zu den spätantiken Konstitutionen. Nebst einer Analyse der erbrechtlichen und verwandten Sanktionen gegen Heterodoxe. By Peter Riedlberger. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: frommann-holzboog. 2020. 898 pp. ISBN 978-3-772-82886-7.
Review
Authors: Karabowicz Anna
Published: March 2022

Salus rei publicae als Entscheidungsgrundlage des römischen Privatrechts. By Gergely Deli. Budapest: Medium. 2015. 221 pp. ISBN 978-963-12-2773-4.
Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Acute and Chronic Pain Relief After Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elahwal Laila , Elrahwan Shimaa , Elbadry Amr Arafa
Published: March 2022

Background: There is an increasing cesarean section (CS) rate in Egypt. Multiple methods are used to manage pain after CS. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of ultrasound-guided bilateral ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block on pain reduction after CS. Methods: We classified 64 cases of elective CS into two equal groups. The block group underwent the nerve block, and the control group did not. Postoperative pain, morphine consumption, time to analgesic request, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding patient characteristics or operation duration. However, pain scores during rest and movement were significantly lower in the block group than in controls, especially within the first 12 hours following the operation. Morphine consumption was significantly lower in the block group (4.53 ± 1.456) in group B vs. (8.87 ± 2.013) in group C with P-value < 0.001. Time to the first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the other group (12.25 vs. 3.81 hours). Pruritis and nausea incidence was significantly higher in controls than in the block group. The incidence of chronic postoperative pain was significantly lower in the block group. Conclusions: The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block is efficient and safe for managing postoperative pain following CS. It is associated with significant improvement of acute and chronic pain after such operations.
Bruising and Bleaching Cosmetics
Authors: Urakov Aleksandr L. , Urakova Natalya A. , Shchemeleva Albina A. , Fisher Evgeny L.
Published: March 2022

: A review of the literature shows that bruises impair the aesthetic appearance of the skin. At the same time, official medicine has no cure for urgent skin discoloration in the area of bruises. Attention is drawn to the fact that alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions effectively decolorize blemishes and the traces of blood by local interaction under in vitro and in vivo conditions. It has been shown that the main ingredients of these solutions are water, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Some products have been developed for bleaching blood stains and marks on textiles, bandages, skin, nails, and inside the skin in the area of bruises. Here, the leading medical technologies for whitening cosmetic products are reviewed.
Dar à luz na sombra: exercício da maternidade na prisão
Authors: Braga Ana Gabriela , Bruna Angotti
Published: March 2022

Este livro procura identificar necessidades, detectar entraves e elaborar estratégias para garantia do exercício de direitos materno-reprodutivos no sistema prisional brasileiro. Por meio da observação de estabelecimentos prisionais, da realização de grupo focal com presas e de entrevistas com especialistas, as autoras puderam identificar, no fluxograma do sistema de justiça, os entraves e as lacunas que impedem detentas de terem seus direitos efetivados; mapear a percepção de mães presas do tratamento jurídico-penal-social que lhes é concedido e granjear suas propostas para realização do exercício da maternidade na condição adversa em que se encontram. Como resultado da pesquisa, foram elaboradas trinta propostas sobre desencarceramento, convivência familiar e fluxo do sistema de justiça, se não para diminuir a população prisional feminina, pelo menos para reduzir as violações de direitos e as consequências do aprisionamento. Assim, este livro busca contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a divulgação da pesquisa empírica em Direito e para os avanços na defesa dos direitos de mulheres e crianças encarceradas no Brasil.
Noether's Problem for Abelian Extensions of Cyclic p-groups of Nilpotency Class 2
Authors: Michailov Ivo , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Ivanov Ivan
Published: March 2022

Let $$K$$ be a field and $$G$$ be a finite group. Let $$G$$ act on the rational function field $$K(x(g):g\in G)$$ by $$K$$-automorphisms defined by $$g\cdot x(h)=x(gh)$$ for any $$g,h\in G$$. Denote by $$K(G)$$ the fixed field $$K(x(g):g\in G)^G$$. Noether's problem then asks whether $$K(G)$$ is rational over $$K$$. Let $$p$$ be prime and let $$G$$ be a $$p$$-group of exponent $$p^e$$. Assume also that (i) $$K = p>0$$, or (ii) $$K \ne p$$ and $$K$$ contains a primitive $$p^e$$-th root of unity. In this paper we prove that $$K(G)$$ is rational over $$K$$ if $$G$$ is any finite $$p$$-group of nilpotency class $$2$$ which is an abelian extension of a cyclic group.
Hemisphere Asymmetry during Different Levels of Co-activation of Antagonist Muscles: a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Authors: Mancheva Kapka , Kossev Andon
Published: March 2022

Contralateral and ipsilateral silent periods were recorded from first dorsal interosseous muscles of the dominant and the non-dominant hand in response to contralateral and ipsilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in twelve right-handed healthy volunteers during isometric index finger abduction and co-activation of antagonist muscles.

In the dominant hand, contralateral silent period recorded during coactivation of antagonist muscles was significantly shorter than contralateral silent period recorded during isometric index finger abduction. In the nondominant hand, we did not find significant differences.

In the dominant hand, ipsilateral silent period recorded during co-activation of antagonist muscles was significantly shorter than ipsilateral silent period recorded during isometric index finger abduction. In the non-dominant hand, we did not find significant differences.

In conclusion, our main finding was the hemisphere asymmetry during co-activation of antagonist muscles. Both, contralateral and ipsilateral silent periods recorded from the dominant right hand were shorter in comparison to those recorded from the non-dominant hand. These findings illustrate the role of co-activation for the better and precise usage of the dominant hand.
Parasite Contamination and Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. by Real-time PCR in Vegetables Sold in Bulancak Open-air Market in Giresun Province
Authors: Külcü Duygu , Karaman Ülkü , Özpınar Necati
Published: March 2022

In the present study, 192 vegetable samples were collected from the openair market by random sampling method between September 2019 and September 2020. The samples were analyzed by native-lugol, sedimentation, trichrome, modified trichrome, modified Kinyoun acid-fast and PCR methods. Data were given as percentage and mean. Descriptive statistics of the data set were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The differences between the means were compared with the Pearson’s Chi-Square, Kruskal–Wallis and Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square test. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Parasites were found in all collected vegetables and Cryptosporidium spp. (32.29%), Entamoeba coli (19.27%), Ascaris spp. (12.50%), Giardia intestinalis (9.38%), and Toxocara spp. (4.69%) were detected at the highest rate as a result of the analysis.
As a result of the study, the presence of parasites was detected in ready-to-eat vegetables collected from Bulancak open-air market in Giresun province. Parasites can be transmitted by eating vegetables that are undercooked, uncooked, or not well washed. In this direction, it can be recommended to take effective washing measures before consuming fresh vegetables, to apply raw fertilizer and to educate the public about their application in order to prevent parasitic infection that may arise from contaminated vegetables.
The Sarmatian Carbonate Tempestites from Kaliakra Cape (NE Bulgaria) – a Real Risk to Its Stability
Authors: Dobrev Nikolai , Koleva-Rekalova Elena , Nankin Rosen
Published: March 2022

This study presents the results of 227 tested specimens of the Sarmatian age taken from the rock complexes that build Kaliakra Cape: these are carbonate tempestites, as well as the limestones from the Karvuna Formation lying above them. Sedimentological and geotechnical tests have been performed. 
The micropetrographic analysis of the carbonate tempestites is also presented, including slightly consolidated conglomerates and hard limestones between them. It was found that the matrix of conglomerates is composed mainly of micritic peloids. Their size is about and below 0.2 mm. No cement is found, which is why the porosity is significant. Peloidal limestone has low values of bulk density -- an average value of 1.95 g/cm3. There is a significant difference in compressive strength and velocity of seismic waves obtained in both directions -- crosswise and parallel to the layering. 
Studies of collapses in the caves in the area show that they occur in friable peloidal limestones, and the disturbances follow the formation. This is also confirmed by the laboratory tests of samples showing lower strength indicators, namely in the direction of the layering. The data thus obtained provide valuable information on the geotechnical parameters of the main varieties in which the rock deformations are developed, which can be used in the analysis of slope stability.
A New Gradient-based Feature Extraction Method for Real-time Detection of Moving Objects Using Stereo Cameras
Authors: Sonugür Güray , Gökçe Barış
Published: March 2022

In this study, a gradient-based feature extraction method has been developed that can be used to detect moving objects in real-time applications such as unmanned ground or air vehicles. Feature extraction methods should produce fast results in real-time applications, as results need to be obtained between successive frames of video sequences within a limited time. For this reason, various sized image blocks were used in the developed method. The arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), median (MD), and local contrast (LC) methods were used to calculate block intensities. In the stereo video stream, depth maps were also divided into blocks along with successive frames' R, G, and B channels. A novel feature extraction method was developed by calculating gradient-based relationships between adjacent blocks around the centre block. In experimental studies, the features extracted from stereo video frames using the proposed method were compared with Surf, Fast and Brisk methods according to their quantity, accuracy, and processing times, and more successful results were obtained. In addition, the moving object detection performance of the method was tested in real-time using an Unmanned Ground Vehicle.
Corrosion of Aluminium Alloy EN AW-2024 in Selected Environments
Authors: Kamarska Kalina
Published: March 2022

Aluminium alloy 2024 is widely used in heavy industry. The aim of this study was to report on the corrosion behaviour of this alloy when exposed to selected environments of different acids and salts containing chloride, nitrate and sulphate ions and measure the corrosion rate by using the weight loss method at room temperature. The results obtained indicate that, under the conditions employed in the present work, the corrosion rate of this alloy depends on the specific ions present in the solution. Gravimetric analysis confirmed that with varying the exposure periods the weight loss of the alloy decreases and the corrosion rate can be described as an initial steep rise followed by subsequent fall.
Role of Mediastinal Nodal Status in the Selection of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Isolated Adrenal Metastases for Radical Surgical Treatment
Authors: Semkov Anatoli , Yankov Georgi , Naseva Emilia , Petrov Danail
Published: March 2022

The treatment of patients with isolated adrenal metastases remains controversial. Metastases from NSCLC suggest that these patients could have improved survival. The role of N2 status as independent predictor of poor survival is still unclear and under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mediastinal nodal status in patients with isolated adrenal metastases form Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treated with surgery. A total of eight patients with NSCLC and isolated adrenal lesions were operated on for a period of ten years. They were divided into two groups depending on the morphology of the adrenal lesion. Group I includes 4 patients with adrenal metastases which underwent lobectomy and Retroperitoneal Endoscopic Adrenalectomy (REA). The loco regional stage was pI in 3 patients and pIIA in one. The mean size of the metastases was 24.5 mm, without capsular invasion and all of them were metachronous. The other four patients were proven to be with adenomas of the adrenal gland. All of the patients underwent lobectomy with locoregional stage pIIIA (3) and pIIA. One stage operation was performed in two cases – left lower lobectomy and adrenalectomy via frenotomy. REA was performed in two of the patients. No major postoperative complications were observed. The median survival is 34.75 months in Group I and 18.6 months in Group II. Two of the patients from Group I are still alive at the end of the study – 57 and 34 months after the initial surgery. The mediastinal nodal status is significant and independent prognostic factor for survival in surgical patients with NSCLC and isolated adrenal metastasis.
The Burden of Care and Its Predictors in Severe Mental Illness: a Follow-up One Year after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Ignatova Desislava , Kamusheva Maria
Published: March 2022

Individuals with severe mental illness usually require informal care, which is frequently underestimated. There is much data on medical costs and outcomes of psychiatric care but less research on informal caregiving and its role in measuring recovery. This paper presents the results of an observational, crosssectional study that follows up on individuals with schizophrenia and affective disorders and their caregivers in an outpatient setting one year after hospital discharge. The burden of informal care is evaluated with the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) as a primary outcome measure and hours spent in care and financial aspects of informal caregiving. One hundred and five individuals with mental illness (50 with schizophrenia and 55 with affective disorder) and 105 carers are followed up one year after hospital discharge. The time spent in informal care has decreased (p < .001) with 1.4 hours per day for both diagnostic groups and is 4.4 hours per day for schizophrenia and 2.5 hours per day for affective disorders (p = .005). The monthly financial support is 203 Euro and 192 Euro, respectively (p = .373). The mean BAS score has decreased by 8.1 points for schizophrenia and 8.6 points for affective disorders (p = .412). While showing a statistically significant decrease in outpatient setting compared to inpatient setting, the burden of care at follow-up is still substantial. Statistically significant predictors of a high burden of care (measured by total BAS score) are patient’s severity of illness (p = .019), history of threats (p = .004), time spent in informal care (p < .001), the stigma of mental illness (p < .001), and younger caregiver (p = .030)
Molecular Characterization of Some Lettuce Samples (Lactuca sativa) Grown in Turkey Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)
Authors: Funda Yazgım , Alanyalı Filiz
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the differences between genotypes of some Lactuca sativa (lettuce) samples commonly grown in Turkey. In the study, Lactuca sativa genotypes were obtained from the samples of three different companies and their molecular analyses were carried out. Fourteen SSR primers were used for the analysis of genetic differences between Lactuca sativa genotypes. As a result of the analysis with SSR markers, the differences according to the UPGMA method were considered statistically significant at 95% sensitivity and shown in the distance matrix. As a result of this study, 23 genotypes were divided into two main groups and the genetic difference between these groups was determined as 12%. Among the Lactuca sativa genotypes, Yedikule and Eskule genotypes were genetically determined to be more distant than expected. The SSR findings gathered as a result of this study will contribute to the selection of appropriate SSR markers for future scientific studies and thus minimize the loss of time and effort for the studies.
Antioxidants, Polymers
Authors: Kröhnke Christoph , Zäh Matthias
Published: March 2022

Organic matter is subject to decomposition, particularly through reaction with oxygen. This leads to several reactive secondary products such as hydroperoxides and peroxy and alkoxy radicals. Antioxidants are used to slow down oxidative degradation by reacting with these reactive intermediates. On the one hand, this article explains the mechanism of the oxidation of polymers and, on the other hand, describes suited antioxidants and their influence on the stabilization of polymers during their processing in the melt and during their service life. Suitable antioxidants, including combinations of antioxidants, which act as free‐radical scavengers (primary antioxidants) and hydroperoxide or peroxide scavengers (secondary antioxidants), are explained. Traditional commercial antioxidants still play a role when used in industrially manufactured polymers. Moreover, the stabilization of polymer recyclates against oxidative degradation is gaining in importance. Furthermore, in recent years, unconventional antioxidants of natural origin have also increasingly come into focus. Methods for the analytical determination of antioxidants in polymeric substrates are also described, with which the consumption and effectiveness of these products can be examined.
Reliability
Authors: Moran Sean
Published: March 2022

Reliability is important in chemical plants for economic and safety reasons. The reliability of a plant depends on the decisions made during the design and construction of the plant as well as the maintenance actions performed during the operation of the plant. Reliability theory deals with various analytical aspects of reliability (science, engineering, modeling, optimization, etc). A proper understanding of reliability theory is important for the design and construction of reliable plants and to ensure sufficient reliability during the operation of the plant. The article gives a brief introduction to some basic concepts from reliability theory and discusses the areas of interest to chemical engineers. It concludes with an illustrative example from the chemical industry.
Combined Effect of Matrix Topography and Stiffness on Neutrophil Shape and Motility
Authors: Sung Baeckkyoung , Kim Deok‐Ho , Kim Min‐Ho , Vigolo Daniele
Published: March 2022

The crawling behavior of leukocytes is driven by the cell morphology transition, which is a direct manifestation of molecular motor machinery. The topographical anisotropy and mechanical stiffness of the substrates are the main physical cues that affect leukocytes’ shape generation and migratory responses. However, their combined effects on the cell morphology and motility have been poorly understood, particularly for neutrophils, which are the fastest reacting leukocytes against infections and wounds. Here, spatiotemporally correlated physical parameters are shown, which determine the neutrophil shape change during migratory processes, in response to surface topography and elasticity. Guided crawling and shape generation of individual neutrophils, activated by a uniform concentration of a chemoattractant, are analyzed by adopting elasticity‐tunable micropatterning and live cell imaging techniques. Whole cell‐level image analysis is performed based on a planar geometric quantification of cell shape and motility. The findings show that the pattern anisotropy and elastic modulus of the substrate induce synergic effects on the shape anisotropy, deformability, and polarization/alignment of crawling neutrophils. How the morphology–motility relationship is affected by different surface microstructures and stiffness is demonstrated. These results imply that the neutrophil shape‐motility correlations can be utilized for controlling the immune cell functions with predefined physical microenvironments.
Soil moisture heterogeneity and sensor deployment in uniformly managed field with unitextural soil
Authors: Irmak Suat , Kukal Meetpal S. , Sharma Kiran
Published: March 2022

This research investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of volumetric soil water content (VWC) and total soil water across 64 sampling locations (8 × 8 grid) in a production‐scale field, reported as a unitextural soil unit by SSURGO. Consequently, the required number and placement of soil moisture monitoring locations were calculated to represent soil water status with varying degrees of variability. Each soil layer in the root zone was subject to 5–9% of mean spatial VWC variability and maximum variability as high as 21% during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Total soil water showed spatial behavior, which was as high as 13%, with mean spatial variability of 5%. In 2014, the field minimum and maximum temporal CVs in VWC were 9 and 27%, respectively, which increased to 14 and 33% in 2015, respectively. Representative soil moisture and its variability were accounted for using 1–45 monitoring locations, depending on observed variability, acceptable measurement error, and confidence interval (CI). When the commonly used marginal error of 2% was considered, the numbers of sensor deployment locations were 8 (90% CI) and 11 (95% CI), which reduced to 5 (90% CI) and 4 (95% CI) sensors with 3% marginal error. We demonstrate that although SSURGO data can be valuable to make preliminary assessments, relying on it to spatially characterize soil units and their properties for effective within‐soil unit management, especially for variable rate water and nutrient applications, can create significant challenges.
A novel GNAS variant presents with disorders of GNAS inactivation and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shelkowitz Emily , Chan Christine M. , Jones Tonya , Nakano Stephanie J. , Meeks Naomi J. L.
Published: March 2022

The GNAS gene (OMIM#139320), located on chromosome 20q13.2, encodes for the alpha‐subunit of the stimulatory signaling protein, Gsα protein. GNAS variants with inactivating properties are associated with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) and when maternally inherited, pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a (OMIM#103580), which includes multiple hormone resistance. In this clinical report we describe a novel GNAS variant, c.159A>G, p.K53N, in an individual with features consistent with AHO and pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a and its segregation through multiple maternal relatives, including two genotype positive maternal first cousins who also display features classic for AHO. The proband developed unique features including cardiomyopathy which required a heart transplant at 5 years old and immune dysregulation resulting in multisystem organ failure and ultimately, death at the age of 18 years. Additional investigations exploring alternative explanations for the proband's presentation were pursued including whole genome sequencing which was negative. We postulate that the atypical features seen in the proband may have resulted from dysregulated Gsα signaling in cardiac tissue. Future studies are needed to explore the properties of the K53N GNAS variant and this proposed mechanism.
High lifelong cognitive reserve prolongs disability‐free survival: The role of cognitive function
Authors: Li Xuerui , Yang Wenzhe , Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Qi Xiuying , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The association between cognitive reserve (CR) and survival with independence is unknown. We examined whether lifelong CR accumulation is associated with disability‐free survival and explored the extent to which cognitive function mediates this association.

Methods

Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1633 dementia‐ and disability‐free participants were followed annually for up to 22 years. Lifelong CR including education, early‐/mid‐/late‐life cognitive activities, and late‐life social activity was assessed and tertiled.

Results

CR score was dose‐dependently associated with disability/death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.99). Compared to low CR, the HR (95% CI) of disability/death was 0.82 (0.70–0.95) for high CR. The median disability‐free survival time was prolonged by 0.99 (95% CI 0.28–1.71) years for participants with high CR. Cognitive function mediated 35.7% of the association between CR and disability‐free survival.

Discussion

High lifelong CR was associated with prolonged disability‐free survival. Cognitive function mediates about one‐third of this association. Our findings underscore the importance of CR for healthy aging.
Serum Beta‐Synuclein Is Higher in Down Syndrome and Precedes Rise of pTau181
Authors: Oeckl Patrick , Wagemann Olivia , Halbgebauer Steffen , Anderl‐Straub Sarah , Nuebling Georg , Prix Catharina , Loosli Sandra V. , Wlasich Elisabeth , Danek Adrian , Steinacker Petra , Ludolph Albert C. , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus
Published: March 2022

This exploratory case–control study investigates the synaptic marker beta‐synuclein in serum and plasma pTau181 in adults with Down syndrome (DS) with (sDS, n = 14) and without (aDS, n = 47) clinical symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as euploid controls (n = 23). Beta‐synuclein was higher in aDS and more pronounced in sDS (p < 0.0001), whereas pTau181 was only higher in sDS (p < 0.0001). Both markers showed good discriminatory power (area under the curve > 0.90) to distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic AD. The data indicate that synaptic alterations belong to the earliest AD‐associated events in DS and highlight the value of serum beta‐synuclein as a potential early marker of AD. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:6–10
Exploring the reinforcing mechanism and micromechanical models for the interphase characteristics in melt mixed XLPE‐fumed SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Thomas Jince , Thomas Minu Elizabeth , Abraham Jiji , Francis Bejoy , Ahmad Zakiah , Patanair Bindu , Saiter‐Fourcin Allisson , Jaroszewski Maciej , Rouxel Didier , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu
Published: March 2022

We present an experimental and theoretical exploration of well‐dispersed, distinctively stable, fumed SiO2 crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of fumed SiO2 /XLPE nanocomposites were assessed with different concentrations of fumed SiO2, which had noticed that network morphology was immensely influential for the performance of mechanical properties. A reasonable exploration of micromechanical models of composites indicated that the theories of Nicolais–Narkis, and Pukanszky provided an excellent fit to yield strength data of the composites considering the effect of the interphase between XLPE and SiO2. Furthermore, it highlights that the experimental data can be superimposed with the static micromechanical models of Nicolais–Narkis, and Pukanszky. Owing to the proper dispersion of the SiO2 nanospheres in the XLPE matrix, the filler‐polymer interactions are found to be enhanced. Moreover, it resulted in the excellent insulation properties of the nanocomposites, which makes it a better candidate for electrical cable insulating materials. The combined results of structural characterizations by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Atomic Force, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (AFM, TEM) confirmed the role of fumed SiO2 as a reinforcing mediator in the current system.
P(LLA‐co‐PDO) copolymers with random and block architectures: Synthesis and characterizations
Authors: Yin Junyi , Zhao Quan , Shen Yuxiang , He Bin
Published: March 2022

Biodegradable polymers are important in medical applications including absorbable medical devices and drug delivery systems. Copolymerization is an effective approach to extent the diversity of biodegradable polymers with combined certain properties of each components. In order to receive biodegradable polymers possess both advantages of poly(l‐lactide) and poly(p‐dioxanone), a series of biodegradable poly(l‐lactide‐co‐p‐dioxanone) (P(LLA‐co‐PDO)) copolymers with random and block architectures were synthesized via one‐step or two‐step ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐lactide (LLA) and p‐dioxanone (PDO) monomers in the presence of stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2]. The compositions of PDO in random copolymers were much lower than those in feeding doses, implying low reactivity of PDO in the copolymerization. The molecular weights of PPDO segments and the ratios between PPDO and LLA were the key factors to affect the compositions of PLLA‐PPDO‐PLLA triblock copolymers in two‐step polymerization. The thermal, mechanical and degradation properties of the copolymers were investigated. The amorphous and semi‐crystalline P(LLA‐co‐PDO) copolymers are potentially utilized in biomedical applications.
School playgroups: Which features of provision matter?
Authors: Edwards Susan , McLean Karen , Bartlett Jacinta , Nolan Andrea , Evangelou Maria , Henderson Michael , Skouteris Helen , Tarasuik Joanne
Published: March 2022

This paper identifies the shared features of provision in exemplar school playgroups defined using the social capital concepts of bonding and bridging relationships. Relationships promote capabilities amongst people, with play a known capability for advancing children's developmental and educational outcomes. By attending to the bonding and bridging relationships in each school playgroup, exemplar groups were identified and studied to reveal their shared features of provision. Six main features of provision were identified, including materials, facilitator, space, location, scheduling and health and safety. Awareness of these features may benefit school leaders and/or governance seeking to implement a school playgroup within their own community. Findings from this project suggest high‐performing school playgroups can operate in areas of lower and higher socioeconomic status and/or parental education, and in regional and rural areas.
Simultaneous determination of novel β‐lactamase inhibitor WCK 4234 and Meropenem in dog plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Patil Kiran , Pathan Amin , Naik Sukanta , Zope Vineet , Chavan Rajesh , Yeole Ravindra
Published: March 2022

A precise and accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) bioanalytical method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of WCK 4234 and meropenem (MEM) in dog plasma. Protein precipitation using acetonitrile was employed as a sample preparation approach. Cefepime was used as an internal standard. The developed method was selective, sensitive (limit of quantification, 0.075 μg/ml for both drugs), accurate (recovery > 90%), precise (CV < 10%) and linear (r2 ≥ 0.99, concentration range 0.075–120 μg/ml for both analytes). The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of both drugs in plasma to assess the pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. WCK 4234 + MEM in a 1:1 ratio at 15 + 15 and 30 + 30 mg/kg doses were administered by the intravenous route. The mean plasma concentration and area under the concentration–time curve of WCK 4234 ranged from 38.3 to 77.4 μg/ml and from 47.8 to 77.1 μg h/ml, respectively, and the values for MEM ranged from 52.2 to 115.3 μg/ml and 70.5 to 133.6 μg h/ml respectively. The elimination half‐life of WCK 4234 and MEM was around 0.8 h.
Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences
Authors: Mahmoodi Zohreh , Yazdkhasti Mansoureh , Rostami Mahnoosh , Ghavidel Nooshin
Published: March 2022

Purpose

There are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly using an SEM by gender differences.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 739 elderly people in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. Sociodemographic, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL90‐R), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were applied to evaluate the relationships between happiness, mental health, and sociodemographic factors by using statistical path analysis with Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS‐17.

Results

Overall, 55.5% of the participants in the study were female. The SCL90 (p value = .000) and happiness (p value = .000) scores showed significant differences between men and women. Fit indices confirmed the high model fitness, desirability, and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model in both men (X2 = 3.2, df = 1) and women (X2 = 5.4, df = 2) groups. According to the path analysis, among the variables that affected happiness just through the direct path, education had the most positive causal relationship in men (B = .13) and women (B = .16), but mental health problems in men (B = −.33) and women (B = −.26), as well as the distance from home to the healthcare center in men (B = −.13) and women (B = −.11), had the most negative causal relationship with happiness respectively. Age was the only variable that was negatively related to happiness through direct and indirect paths in the women (B = −.188).

Conclusion

We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men.
Metal–organic framework‐derived phosphide nanomaterials for electrochemical applications
Authors: Wang Xinlan , Zhang Guangxun , Yin Wei , Zheng Shasha , Kong Qingquan , Tian Jingqi , Pang Huan
Published: March 2022

Because of features, such as adjustable structures, high porosity, and high crystallinity, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) deservedly have received considerable attention. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvements in the electrical conductivity and chemical stability of some MOFs, because of which they cannot be utilized as electrode materials. Fortunately, MOF derivatives have received widespread attention in recent years, especially phosphide materials, which are widely used in practical applications because of their outstanding conductivity, excellent specific surface area, and standout charge mobility. In this review, the latest developments of MOF‐derived phosphides in electrocatalysis related to energy, including the excellent performance in terms of electrochemical energy storage and ingenious strategies, and diversified synthetic approaches have been emphasized and summarized. Additionally, the arduous task and feasible proposals of MOF‐derived phosphides are also discussed.
Comparison between the double‐syringe and the single‐syringe techniques of adenosine administration for terminating supraventricular tachycardia: A pilot, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kotruchin Praew , Chaiyakhan Itchaya‐on , Kamonsri Phimonphorn , Chantapoh Wittawin , Serewiwattana Nattapat , Kaweenattayanon Nayawadee , Narangsiya Nattacha , Lorcharassriwong Piyangkul , Korsakul Kittithat , Thawepornpuriphong Punnapat , Tirapuritorn Tanachoke , Mitsungnern Thapanawong
Published: March 2022

Background

Adenosine has been recommended as a first‐line treatment for stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Standard guidelines recommend 6‐mg of adenosine administered intravenously (IV) with an immediate 20‐ml IV bolus of normal saline solution (NSS; double syringe technique [DST]). However, a newly proposed single‐syringe technique (SST), in which adenosine is diluted with an up to 20 ml IV bolus of NSS, was found to be beneficial.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the SST was noninferior to the DST for terminating stable SVT.

Methods

A pilot multicenter, single‐blind, randomized controlled study was conducted at nine hospitals in north and northeast Thailand. Thirty patients who were diagnosed with stable SVT were randomized into two groups of 15, with one receiving adenosine via the DST and the other via the SST. We examined SVT termination, the average successful dose, and the complication rate of each group. Analyses were based on the intention‐to‐treat principle.

Result

The termination rate was 93.3% in the DST and 100% in the SST group (p = 1.000), and the success rate of the first 6‐mg dose of adenosine was 73.3% and 80%, respectively (p = 1.000). The total administered dose was 8.6 ± 5.1 mg in the DST group and 7.6 ± 4.5 mg in the SST group (p = .608). No complications were found in either group.

Conclusions

The SST was non‐inferior to the DST for termination of SVT. However, a further definitive study with a larger sample size is required.
m6A hypomethylation of DNMT3B regulated by ALKBH5 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration via E4F1 deficiency
Authors: Li Gaocai , Luo Rongjin , Zhang Weifeng , He Shujie , Wang Bingjin , Liang Huaizhen , Song Yu , Ke Wencan , Shi Yunsong , Feng Xiaobo , Zhao Kangcheng , Wu Xinghuo , Zhang Yukun , Wang Kun , Yang Cao
Published: March 2022

Background

The intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of low back pain, which accounts for a main cause of disability. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs and is involved in various diseases and cellular processes by modulating mRNA fate. However, the critical role of m6A regulation in IVD degeneration remains unclear. Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence is critical for the progression of IVD degeneration. Here, we uncovered the role and explored the regulatory mechanism of m6A in NPC senescence during IVD degeneration.

Methods

Identification of NPC senescence during IVD degeneration was based on the analysis of tissue samples and the cellular model. ALKBH5 upregulation inducing cellular senescence was confirmed by functional experiments in vivo and in vitro. ChIP‐qPCR and DNA‐Pulldown were used to reveal increased ALKBH5 was regulated by KDM4A‐mediated H3K9me3. Furthermore, Me‐RIP‐seq was performed to identify m6A hypomethylation of DNMT3B transcripts in senescent NPCs. Stability analysis showed that DNMT3B expression was enhanced for less YTHDF2 recognition and increased DNMT3B promoted NPC senescence and IVD degeneration via E4F1 methylation by in vivo and in vitro analyses.

Results

Expression of ALKBH5 is enhanced during IVD degeneration and NPC senescence, due to decreased KDM4A‐mediated H3K9me3 modification. Functionally, ALKBH5 causes NPC senescence by demethylating DNMT3B transcripts and in turn promoting its expression via less YTHDF2 recognition and following degradation due to transcript hypomethylation in vitro and in vivo. Increased DNMT3B promotes the development of IVD degeneration and NPC senescence, mechanistically by methylating CpG islands of E4F1 at the promoter region and thus restraining its transcription and expression.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings reveal an epigenetic interplay mechanism in NPC senescence and IVD degeneration, presenting a critical pro‐senescence role of ALKBH5 and m6A hypomethylation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting the m6A/DNMT3B/E4F1 axis for treating IVD degeneration.
The wildland–urban interface in the United States based on 125 million building locations
Authors: Carlson Amanda R. , Helmers David P. , Hawbaker Todd J. , Mockrin Miranda H. , Radeloff Volker C.
Published: March 2022

The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is the focus of many important land management issues, such as wildfire, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and human–wildlife conflicts. Wildfire is an especially critical issue, because housing growth in the WUI increases wildfire ignitions and the number of homes at risk. Identifying the WUI is important for assessing and mitigating impacts of development on wildlands and for protecting homes from natural hazards, but data on housing development for large areas are often coarse. We created new WUI maps for the conterminous United States based on 125 million individual building locations, offering higher spatial precision compared to existing maps based on U.S. census housing data. Building point locations were based on a building footprint data set from Microsoft. We classified WUI across the conterminous United States at 30‐m resolution using a circular neighborhood mapping algorithm with a variable radius to determine thresholds of housing density and vegetation cover. We used our maps to (1) determine the total area of the WUI and number of buildings included, (2) assess the sensitivity of WUI area included and spatial pattern of WUI maps to choice of neighborhood size, (3) assess regional differences between building‐based WUI maps and census‐based WUI maps, and (4) determine how building location accuracy affected WUI map accuracy. Our building‐based WUI maps identified 5.6%–18.8% of the conterminous United States as being in the WUI, with larger neighborhoods increasing WUI area but excluding isolated building clusters. Building‐based maps identified more WUI area relative to census‐based maps for all but the smallest neighborhoods, particularly in the north‐central states, and large differences were attributable to high numbers of non‐housing structures in rural areas. Overall WUI classification accuracy was 98.0%. For wildfire risk mapping and for general purposes, WUI maps based on the 500‐m neighborhood represent the original Federal Register definition of the WUI; these maps include clusters of buildings in and adjacent to wildlands and exclude remote, isolated buildings. Our approach for mapping the WUI offers flexibility and high spatial detail and can be widely applied to take advantage of the growing availability of high‐resolution building footprint data sets and classification methods.
Fast Remaining Capacity Estimation for Lithium‐ion Batteries Based on Short‐time Pulse Test and Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Ran Aihua , Cheng Ming , Chen Shuxiao , Liang Zheng , Zhou Zihao , Zhou Guangmin , Kang Feiyu , Zhang Xuan , Li Baohua , Wei Guodan
Published: March 2022

It remains challenging to effectively estimate the remaining capacity of the secondary lithium‐ion batteries that have been widely adopted for consumer electronics, energy storage, and electric vehicles. Herein, by integrating regular real‐time current short pulse tests with data‐driven Gaussian process regression algorithm, an efficient battery estimation has been successfully developed and validated for batteries with capacity ranging from 100% of the state of health (SOH) to below 50%, reaching an average accuracy as high as 95%. Interestingly, the proposed pulse test strategy for battery capacity measurement could reduce test time by more than 80% compared with regular long charge/discharge tests. The short‐term features of the current pulse test were selected for an optimal training process. Data at different voltage stages and state of charge (SOC) are collected and explored to find the most suitable estimation model. In particular, we explore the validity of five different machine‐learning methods for estimating capacity driven by pulse features, whereas Gaussian process regression with Matern kernel performs the best, providing guidance for future exploration. The new strategy of combining short pulse tests with machine‐learning algorithms could further open window for efficiently forecasting lithium‐ion battery remaining capacity.
Comment on “How green is blue hydrogen?”
Authors: Romano Matteo C. , Antonini Cristina , Bardow André , Bertsch Valentin , Brandon Nigel P. , Brouwer Jack , Campanari Stefano , Crema Luigi , Dodds Paul E. , Gardarsdottir Stefania , Gazzani Matteo , Jan Kramer Gert , Lund Peter D. , Mac Dowell Niall , Martelli Emanuele , Mastropasqua Luca , McKenna Russell C. , Monteiro Juliana Garcia Moretz‐Sohn , Paltrinieri Nicola , Pollet Bruno G. , Reed Jeffrey G. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Vente Jaap , Wiley Dianne
Published: March 2022

This paper is written in response to the paper “How green is blue hydrogen?” by R. W. Howarth and M. Z. Jacobson. It aims at highlighting and discussing the method and assumptions of that paper, and thereby providing a more balanced perspective on blue hydrogen, which is in line with current best available practices and future plant specifications aiming at low CO2 emissions. More specifically, in this paper, we show that: (i) the simplified method that Howarth and Jacobson used to compute the energy balance of blue hydrogen plants leads to significant overestimation of CO2 emissions and natural gas (NG) consumption and (ii) the assumed methane leakage rate is at the high end of the estimated emissions from current NG production in the United States and cannot be considered representative of all‐NG and blue hydrogen value chains globally. By starting from the detailed and rigorously calculated mass and energy balances of two blue hydrogen plants in the literature, we show the impact that methane leakage rate has on the equivalent CO2 emissions of blue hydrogen. On the basis of our analysis, we show that it is possible for blue hydrogen to have significantly lower equivalent CO2 emissions than the direct use of NG, provided that hydrogen production processes and CO2 capture technologies are implemented that ensure a high CO2 capture rate, preferably above 90%, and a low‐emission NG supply chain.