bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Engineering and Physical Mapping of the Thinopyrum ponticum Translocation in Wheat Carrying the Rust Resistance Gene Sr26
Authors: Dundas Ian , Zhang Peng , Verlin Dawn , Graner Andreas , Shepherd Ken
Published: February 2015

Studies were initiated to induce homoeologous recombination between the 6Ae#1L chromosome segment from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & D. R. Dewey carrying the stem rust resistance gene Sr26 and homoeologous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes. The research was undertaken in an attempt to restore the yielding potential of wheat lines carrying Sr26. DNA probes mapping to chromosome arm 6L of Triticeae species were screened for chromosome 6Ae#1‐specific markers. Thirty out of 32 probes showed useful polymorphisms. A total of 1406 seedlings in a ph1bph1b background were screened for the presence of homoeologous recombinants with 24 of the polymorphic probes, as well as the 6Ae#1 isozyme markers for aconitase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and stem rust resistance. Eleven genotypes were found to have reduced amounts of 6Ae#1 chromatin and seven of these were resistant to stem rust (+Sr26). Six lines were homoeologous recombinants involving wheat chromosome 6A and four lines involved crossovers with 6D. The physical location of Sr26 was determined to be on the extreme distal segment of the 6Ae#1 chromosome. Rust resistant lines carrying shortened 6Ae#1 segments with improved agronomic performance are now being utilized by wheat breeding programs in several countries.
Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe) Decreases Stroke Size and Improves Neurological Scores in a Permanent Occlusion Rat Stroke Model
Authors: Brown A.T , Arthur M.C , Nix J.S , Montgomery J.A , Skinner R.D , Roberson P.K , Borrelli Michael , Culp W.C
Published: February 2015

Background:

Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), given IV one hour after stroke, has been shown to greatly reduce the percent stroke volume (%SV) in rabbits. With repeated doses its effect continued for 24 hours.

Purpose:

Test DDFPe as neuroprotective agent in permanent occlusion rat stroke models in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) measuring both %SV and neurological assessment scores (NAS).

Methods:

The male rats received either saline (control), or one or four doses (1x or 4x) of DDFPe (0.6ml/kg IV) one hour post stroke. Treatment groups were SD (n=26) (control, 1x and 4x; n=12, 7 and 7) and SHR (n=14) (control, 1x and 4x; n=7, 3 and 4). The 4x doses were given at 1.5 hour intervals. At six hours post stroke, the rats received a NAS using standard tests for balance, reflexes, and motor performance. Then rats were euthanized and brains removed for TTC evaluation of %SV.

Results:

For %SV analysis strain differences were not significant therefore strains were combined. DDFPe significantly decreased %SV in 1x and 4xDDFPe groups compared to control groups (2.59±1.81 and 0.98±0.88 vs. 9.24±6.06, p≤0.001 each; p≤0.0001 for the overall test for treatment effect). The 1x versus 4xDDFPe groups were not significantly different (p=0.40). In NAS analysis both strains showed significant improvement with 4xDDFPe therapy vs. controls, (SD: 5.00+2.45 vs. 9.36+3.56, p=0.01; SHR: 7.75+4.43 vs. 12.14+3.08, p=0.05). Differences between the 1x DDFPe group and controls were not significant (SD: 8.43+3.69; SHR: 9. 33+3.51).

Conclusion:

DDFPe treatment provides significant neuroprotection when assessed six hours post stroke.
Craniofacial Characteristics Related to Daytime Sleepiness Screened by the Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale
Authors: Gu Min , Yang Yanqi , Ho Angus C.H , Wong Ricky W.K , Hägg Urban , McGrath Colman P.J
Published: February 2015

The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess daytime sleepiness in Chinese adolescents using the Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and to identify associations between PDSS answers and craniofacial characteristics. A group of 265 Chinese adolescents aged 11-17 years self-completed the PDSS, and their extra- and intra-oral craniofacial characteristics were recorded. Among the participants, 59.7% (157) experienced one or more daytime sleepiness events. No significant associations were found between total PDSS scores and the craniofacial parameters, but when PDSS answers were assessed at the item level, several craniofacial characteristics were found to be positively associated with daytime sleepiness, such as hypertrophic tonsils (P = 0.05), a relatively large tongue (P < 0.01), a bilateral Class II molar relationship (P < 0.05) and increased overjet (P < 0.05). A short lower face (P < 0.01) and a convex profile (P < 0.01) were found to be negatively associated with daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is commonly reported among Chinese adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment and there are potential associations between the condition and craniofacial characteristics. An assessment of daytime sleepiness is recommended to orthodontists in young patients presenting with hypertrophic tonsils, relative large tongues and Class II tendency malocclusions, and appropriate medical referrals should also be considered.
Assessment of the absorbed dose to organs from bone mineral density scan by using TLDS and the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Karimian Alireza , Hajarizadeh Atefeh
Published: February 2015

Nowadays, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is used in bone mineral density
systems to assess the amount of osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is
to evaluate patient organ doses from dual X-ray absorptiometry by
thermoluminescence dosimeters chips and Monte Carlo method. To achieve this
goal, in the first step, the surface dose of the cervix, kidney, abdomen
region, and thyroid were measured by using TLD-GR 200 at various organ
locations. Then, to evaluate the absorbed dose by simulation, the BMD system,
patient's body, X-ray source and radiosensitive tissues were simulated by the
Monte Carlo method. The results showed, for the spine (left femur) bone
mineral density scan by using thermoluminescence dosimeters, the absorbed
doses of the cervix and kidney were 4.5 (5.64) and 162.17 (3.99)(mGy),
respectively. For spine (left femur) bone mineral density scan in simulation,
the absorbed doses of the cervix and kidney were 4.19 (5.88) and 175
(3.68)(mGy), respectively. The data obtained showed that the absorbed dose of
the kidney in the spine scan is noticeable. Furthermore, because of the small
relative difference between the simulation and experimental results, the
radiation absorbed dose may be assessed by simulation and software,
especially for internal organs, and at different depths of otherwise
inaccessible organs which is not possible in experiments.
A survey of short-term and long-term stability of tube parameters in a mammography unit
Authors: Praskalo Jovica , Davidovic Jasna , Kocic Biljana , Zivkovic Monika , Pejovic Svetlana
Published: February 2015

In order to set up a successful mammography screening program in the Republic
of Srpska, a Siemens Mammomat 1000 X-ray machine was selected for analysis as
the said mammography system is widely used in clinical practice. The
variations in tube parameters (specific air kerma, high-voltage accuracy and
reproducibility, linearity between exposure and dose exposure time) were
monitored over a five-year period, from 2008 to 2012. In addition, due to
observed daily fluctuations for chosen parameters, a series of measurements
were performed three times a day within a single-month period (mainly October
2012). The goal of such an experimental set up is to assess short-term and
long-term stability of tube parameters in the given mammography unit and to
make a comparison between them. The present paper shows how an early
detection of significant parameter fluctuations can help eliminate
irregularities and optimize the performance of mammography systems.
The influence of mechanochemical activation and thermal treatment on magnetic properties of the BaTiO3-FexOy powder mixture
Authors: Ristanovic Z. , Kalezic-Glisovic A. , Mitrovic N. , Djukic S. , Kosanovic D. , Maricic A.
Published: February 2015

Powder mixture of 50 mass % of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and 50 mass % of iron
(Fe) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique, i.e. ball milled in air
for 60 min, 80 min, 100 min, 120 min and 150 min. During mechanochemical
activation it was observed the iron powder transitsion to iron oxides.
Depending on the activation time the content of iron oxides FeO, Fe2O3 and
Fe3O4 varies. Simultaneously, with the content change of the activated
system, magnetic properties change as well. The XRD analysis of milled
samples shown that as the activation time increase, the iron oxide percentage
increases to, whereby the percentage of BaTiO3 in a total sample mass
decreases. The percentage of iron oxides and BaTiO3 in annealed samples
changes depending on annealing temperature. The thermomagnetic measurements
performed by Faraday method shown that the powder mixture milled for 100
minutes exhibit maximum magnetization prior to annealing. The increase of
magnetization maximum was observed after annealing at 540?C with all milled
samples, and at room temperature it has enhancement from 10 % to 22 %
depending on the activation time. The samples milled for 100 min and 150 min
and then sintered at 1200w?C exhibit magnetoelectric properties.
Neutrons in studies of phospholipid bilayers
and bilayer–drug interaction. II. Small-angle scattering
Authors: Belička M. , Devínsky F. , Balgavý P.
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we demonstrate several possibilities of using neutron scattering in pharmaceutical research based on examples of
scientific results achieved at our University. In this second part, elementary principles of small-angle neutron scattering and simple
methods of scattering data evaluation are described. Results of scattering on bilayers in unilamellar liposomes with intercalated
general anaesthetics, antimicrobials or cholesterol demonstrate the potential of this method at determination of structural properties
of bilayers.
The variability of secondary metabolites in mentha × piperita
cv . ‘perpeta’ during the development of inflorescence
Authors: Fialová S. , Tekeľová D. , Švajdlenka E. , Potúček P. , Jakubová K. , Grančai D.
Published: February 2015

Mentha × piperita (L.) Huds. of the family Lamiaceae is a very important species for commercial exploitation due to the high
content of essential oil. Besides the essential oils, there are also other significant secondary metabolites in peppermint, especially
flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. In this study, we evaluate the variability of essential oil constituents and of phenolic
compounds in the leaves of M. × piperita during the development of inflorescence. Similar studies, dealing with the variation of the
essential oils and its composition, have been performed in the past, but no attention was paid to the variation of other secondary
metabolites. We examined M. × piperita cv. ‘Perpeta’, the domestic cultivar. The plants were cultivated in the climatic conditions
of south-west Slovakia. The contents of secondary metabolites were investigated in the week periods, from the beginning of
inflorescence formation to the end of flowering. The yield and the quality of essential oil have been carried out by distillation and
gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phenolic substances were analysed using spectrophotometric methods
according to European Pharmacopoeia. The highest contents of phenolic substances have been found in leaves of plants during
the flowering phenophase, the same stage when essential oil of mint also achieves the highest quality.
Can a Single Session of a Community-Based Group Exercise Program Combining Step Aerobics and Bodyweight Resistance Exercise Acutely Reduce Blood Pressure?
Authors: Mendes Romeu , Sousa Nelson , Garrido Nuno , Cavaco Braulio , Quaresma Luís , Reis Victor Machado
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of a single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise on blood pressure in healthy young adult women. Twentythree healthy young adult women (aged 31.57 ± 7.87 years) participated in two experimental sessions (exercise and control) in a crossover study design. Blood pressure was monitored before, immediately after and at 10, 20 and 30 min of recovery. The exercise session consisted of four phases: 1) a warm-up (5 min of dance aerobics); 2) aerobic exercise training (30 min of step aerobics); 3) resistance exercise training (six sets of 12 repetitions of three bodyweight exercises in a circuit mode, 10 min); and 4) a cool-down (5 min of breathing and flexibility exercises); totaling 50 min of duration. Systolic blood pressure after exercise was significantly lower compared to control at the 10th min (-10.83 ± 2.13 vs. -2.6 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009), 20th min (-11.26 ± 2.13 vs. -3.04 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009) and 30th min of recovery (-10.87 ± 2.39 vs. -0.48 ± 2.39 mmHg; p = 0.004). A single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise was effective in inducing significant post-exercise hypotension in healthy young adult women. This type of low-cost exercise interventions may have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and in community health promotion.
Chronic Effects of Strength Training Vs. Hydro Aerobics on Functional and Cardiorespiratory Ability in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Novaes Giovanni S. , Novaes Jefferson S. , Vilaça-Alves José , Costa e Silva Gabriel , Garrido Nuno D. , Furtado Hélio , Reis Victor M.
Published: February 2015

The current study aimed to compare the effects of two exercise programs (Strength Training and Hydro Gymnastics) on the functional and cardiorespiratory abilities of Portuguese postmenopausal women. The study population consisted of 38 volunteers (age: 66.9 ± 6.1 years, body mass: 73.70 ± 10.38 kg, and body height: 1.55 ± 0.10 m). Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group: one group performed 24 weeks of strength training (GST; n = 14), another performed 24 weeks of hydro gymnastics (GH; n = 17) and a control group (CG; n = 7), where the subjects continued with their regular daily activities without involvement in any physical exercise program. Three assessments were performed: before the beginning of the program, 12 weeks after the start of the training program and 24 weeks after the start of the program. To assess the functional ability of the participants, several tests proposed by Jones and Rikli (2002) were performed. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory ability of the participants, a modified treadmill Bruce test was applied. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the two training methods in the tests, which primarily demanded muscular strength. Body mass and the body mass index showed significant differences during the three stages of assessment in the GST group (p<0.05). With respect to the values that represent the variables of cardiorespiratory ability, positive and significant changes were observed in the two experimental groups. It was concluded that both exercise programs promoted improvements in some indicators of the functional and cardiorespiratory abilities of Portuguese postmenopausal women.
Short-Term Effects of Complex Training on Agility with the Ball, Speed, Efficiency of Crossing and Shooting in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Cavaco Braulio , Sousa Nelson , Machado dos Reis Victor , Garrido Nuno , Saavedra Francisco , Mendes Romeu , Vilaça-Alves José
Published: February 2015

Complex training (CXT) is the result of a combination of strength and plyometric exercises in the same session. This method has recently been used in the preparation of athletes of different sports. The aim of the present study was to observe the acute effects of a CXT program of 6 weeks: i) on agility with the ball, sprinting and the efficiency of crossing and shooting in youth soccer players; ii) and the influence of the number of CXT sessions per week (one vs. two). Sixteen youth male soccer players were randomly divided into three groups: a group that performed one weekly CXT session (GCT1, n = 5, age: 13.80 ± 0.45 years); or a group that performed two weekly CXT sessions (GCT2, n = 5, age: 14.20 ± 0.45 years); or a control group that did not perform the CTX (n = 6, age: 14.20 ± 0.84 years). All groups maintained their regular soccer training sessions. No significant interactions were found between GCT1 and GCT2 in all variables. Significant statistical differences were identified (F = 1139, p = 0.02, μp2 = 0531) in the pre-test versus post-test, for both experimental groups, in shot effectiveness. In conclusion, the CXT program proved to be an effective method in boosting abilities and motor skills associated with soccer among young athletes, particularly in increasing shot effectiveness.
Development and Validation of an Automated Step Ergometer
Authors: C. de Sousa Maria do Socorro , Aniceto Rodrigo R. , Neto Gabriel R. , T. de Araújo Ravi C. , C. de Sousa Juliana B. , Costa José A. D. , Pellegrinotti Idico L.
Published: February 2015

Laboratory ergometers have high costs, becoming inaccessible for most of the population, hence, it is imperative to develop affordable devices making evaluations like cardiorespiratory fitness feasible and easier. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an Automated Step Ergometer (ASE), adjusted according to the height of the subject, for predicting VO2max through a progressive test. The development process was comprised by three steps, the theoretical part, the prototype assembly and further validation. The ASE consists in an elevating platform that makes the step at a higher or lower level as required for testing. The ASE validation was obtained by comparing the values of predicted VO2max (equation) and direct gas analysis on the prototype and on a, treadmill. For the validation process 167 subjects with average age of 31.24 ± 14.38 years, of both genders and different degrees of cardiorespiratory fitness, were randomized and divided by gender and training condition, into untrained (n=106), active (n=24) and trained (n=37) subjects. Each participant performed a progressive test on which the ASE started at the same height (20 cm) for all. Then, according to the subject’s height, it varied to a maximum of 45 cm. Time in each stage and rhythm was chosen in accordance with training condition from lowest to highest (60-180 s; 116-160 bpm, respectively). Data was compared with the student’s t test and ANOVA; correlations were tested with Pearson’s r. The value of α was set at 0.05. No differences were found between the predicted VO2max and the direct gas analysis VO2max, nor between the ASE and treadmill VO2max (p= 0.365) with high correlation between ergometers (r= 0.974). The values for repeatability, reproducibility, and reliability of male and female groups measures were, respectively, 4.08 and 5.02; 0.50 and 1.11; 4.11 and 5.15. The values of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) among measures were all >0.90. It was verified that the ASE prototype was appropriate for a step test, provided valid measures of VO2max and could therefore, be used as an ergometer to measure cardiorespiratory fitness.
Can Programmed or Self-Selected Physical Activity Affect Physical Fitness of Adolescents?
Authors: Neto Cláudio F. , Neto Gabriel R. , Araújo Adenilson T. , Sousa Maria S. C. , Sousa Juliana B. C. , Batista Gilmário R. , Reis Victor M. M. R.
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of programmed and self-selected physical activities on the physical fitness of adolescents. High school adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years, were divided into two experimental groups: a) a self-selected physical activity group (PAS) with 55 students (aged 15.7 ± 0.7 years), who performed physical activities with self-selected rhythm at the following sports: basketball, volleyball, handball, futsal and swimming; and b) a physical fitness training group (PFT) with 53 students (aged 16.0 ± 0.7 years), who performed programmed physical fitness exercises. Both types of activity were developed during 60 min classes. To assess physical fitness the PROESP-BR protocol was used. The statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA. The measurements of pre and post-tests showed significantly different values after PFT in: 9 minute running test, medicine ball throw, horizontal jump, abdominal endurance, running speed and flexibility. After PAS differences were detected in abdominal endurance, agility, running speed and flexibility. The intervention with programmed physical activity promoted more changes in the physical abilities; however, in the self-selected program, agility was improved probably because of the practice of sports. Therefore, physical education teachers can use PFT to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and power of lower and upper limbs and PAS to improve agility of high school adolescents.
Biological Maturation, Body Morphology and Physical Performance in 8-16 Year-Old Obese Girls from Montes Claros – Mg
Authors: Freitas Alex S. , Figueiredo António J.B. , R. de Freitas Andréia L. , Rodrigues Vinícius D. , C. da Cunha Alexandre A. , Deusdará Fernando F. , Coelho e Silva Manuel J.
Published: February 2015

Measurements of maturity depend on the biological system considered since differences are often found in performance and body size in subjects of the same chronological age. The objective of this study was to identify associations between biological maturation, body morphology and physical performance in girls aged from 8.0 to 15.9 year-old and to verify the bone age in obese girls and compare it with chronological age. For that purpose 2040 (11.9 ± 2.3 years) school girls from Montes Claros, participated in this study. Regular anthropometric measures as height and body mass were taken. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and calf skinfolds were also registered. Physical performance was assessed trough the test of a standing long jump, handgrip strength and 20 m multistage shuttle run. Maturational status, the average age at menarche and identification of PHV (maturity off set) were determined by means of the retrospective method. Girls with the BMI above the 95th percentile got their bone age evaluated through X-ray of the left hand/wrist, in accordance with the FELS method. It was possible to find an average age at menarche of 11.30 ± 0.70, while the average age at PHV was 12.17 ± 0.71 years of age. It was observed that both body composition and physical performance showed a tendency to increase with advancing age. However, when controlling the effect of maturation, despite having higher values in body composition the post-menarche girls group did not show higher levels of physical performance. In all age groups, obese girls showed mean rates of bone age higher than chronologic age (12.25 ± 2.09 and 14.09 ± 2.35, respectively, p=0.000). Chronological age should be used with caution when evaluating obese teenagers as it may underestimate biological age.
Knee Extensor Power Relates to Mobility Performance in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Accettura Angela J. , Brenneman Elora C. , Stratford Paul W. , Maly Monica R.
Published: February 2015

Background

Quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening is a common rehabilitation exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA). More information is needed to determine whether targeting muscle power is a useful adjunct to strengthening for people with knee OA.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive ability of knee extensor strength and knee extensor power in the performance of physical tasks in adults with knee OA.

Design

This study used a cross-sectional design.

Methods

Fifty-five participants with clinical knee OA were included (43 women; mean [SD] age=60.9 [6.9] years). Dependent variables were: timed stair ascent, timed stair descent, and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Independent variables were: peak knee extensor strength and mean peak knee extensor power. Covariates were: age, body mass index, and self-efficacy. Multiple regression analyses were run for each dependent variable with just covariates, then a second model including strength, and then a third model including power. The R2 values were compared between models.

Results

Power explained greater variance than strength in all models. Over and above the covariates, power explained an additional 6% of the variance in the 6MWT, increasing the R2 value from .33 to .39; 8% in the stair ascent test, increasing the R2 value from .52 to .60; and 3% in the stair descent test, increasing the R2 value from .44 to .47.

Limitations

The sample demonstrated very good mobility and muscle function scores and may not be indicative of those with severe knee OA.

Conclusions

In adults with knee OA, knee extensor power was a stronger determinant of walking and stair performance when compared with knee extensor strength. Clinicians should consider these results when advising patients on exercise to maintain or improve mobility.
What Works to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults? Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Stubbs Brendon , Brefka Simone , Denkinger Michael D.
Published: February 2015

Background

Preventing falls is an international priority. There is a need to synthesize the highest-quality falls prevention evidence in one place for clinicians.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of falls prevention interventions in community-dwelling older adults.

Data Sources

The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, BNI, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and PEDro databases were searched.

Study Selection

Meta-analyses with one pooled analysis containing ≥3 RCTs that investigated any intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were eligible. Sixteen meta-analyses, representing 47 pooled analyses, were included.

Data Extraction

Two authors independently extracted data.

Data Synthesis

Data were narratively synthesized. The methodological quality of the meta-analyses was moderate. Three meta-analyses defined a fall, and 3 reported adverse events (although minor). There is consistent evidence that exercise reduces falls (including the rate, risk, and odds of falling), with 13/14 pooled analyses (93%) from 7 meta-analyses demonstrating a significant reduction. The methodological quality of meta-analyses investigating exercise were medium/high, and effect sizes ranged from 0.87 (relative risk 95% confidence interval=0.81, 0.94; number of studies=18; number of participants=3,568) to 0.39 (rate ratio 95% confidence interval=0.23, 0.66; number of meta-analyses=6). There is consistent evidence that multifactorial interventions reduce falls (5/6, 83% reported significant reduction). There is conflicting evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D supplementation (7/12, 58.3% reported significant reduction).

Limitations

Meta-analyses often used different methods of analysis, and reporting of key characteristics (eg, participants, heterogeneity, publication bias) was often lacking. There may be some overlap among included meta-analyses.

Conclusions

There is consistent evidence that exercise and individually tailored multifactorial interventions are effective in reducing falls in community-dwelling older adults.
Reduced cross-protection against influenza A(H3N2) subgroup 3C.2a and 3C.3a viruses among Finnish healthcare workers vaccinated with 2013/14 seasonal influenza vaccine
Authors: Haveri A , Ikonen N , Julkunen I , Kantele A , Anttila V J , Ruotsalainen E , Nohynek H , Lyytikäinen O , Savolainen-Kopra C
Published: February 2015

Virus strains in the seasonal influenza vaccine for the 2014/15 northern hemisphere season remained unchanged from those in 2013/14. During spring 2014, drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses, subgroup 3C.3a, were detected in Finland; another subgroup, 3C.2a, emerged in the 2014/15 season and has predominated. We monitored antibody responses against vaccine and epidemic strains (2013/14 and 2014/15) among Finnish healthcare workers after influenza vaccination with the 2013/14 vaccine. The data suggest reduced cross-protection towards both subgroups of drifted A(H3N2) viruses.
Risk factors for hydrocephalus and neurological deficit in children born with an encephalocele
Authors: Da Silva Stephanie L. , Jeelani Yasser , Dang Ha , Krieger Mark D. , McComb J. Gordon
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

There is a known association of hydrocephalus with encephaloceles. Risk factors for hydrocephalus and neurological deficit were ascertained in a series of patients born with an encephalocele.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patients treated for encephaloceles at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between 1994 and 2012. The following factors were evaluated for their prognostic value: age at presentation, sex, location of encephalocele, size, contents, microcephaly, presence of hydrocephalus, CSF leak, associated cranial anomalies, and neurological outcome.

RESULTS

Seventy children were identified, including 38 girls and 32 boys. The median age at presentation was 2 months. The mean follow-up duration was 3.7 years. Encephalocele location was classified as anterior (n = 14) or posterior (n = 56) to the coronal suture. The average maximum encephalocele diameter was 4 cm (range 0.5–23 cm). Forty-seven encephaloceles contained neural tissue. Eight infants presented at birth with CSF leaking from the encephalocele, with 1 being infected. Six patients presented with hydrocephalus, while 11 developed progressive hydrocephalus postoperatively. On univariate analysis, the presence of neural tissue, cranial anomalies, encephalocele size of at least 2 cm, seizure disorder, and microcephaly were each positively associated with hydrocephalus. On multivariate logistic regression modeling, the single prognostic factor for hydrocephalus of borderline statistical significance was the presence of neural tissue (odds ratio [OR] = 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8–74.0). Fourteen patients had severe developmental delay, 28 had mild/moderate delay, and 28 were neurologically normal. On univariate analysis, the presence of cranial anomalies, larger size of encephalocele, hydrocephalus, and microcephaly were positively associated with neurological deficit. In the multivariable model, the only statistically significant prognostic factor for neurological deficit was presence of hydrocephalus (OR 17.2, 95% CI 1.7–infinity).

CONCLUSIONS

In multivariate models, the presence of neural tissue was borderline significantly associated with hydrocephalus and the presence of hydrocephalus was significantly associated with neurological deficit. The location of the encephalocele did not have a statistically significant association with incidence of hydrocephalus or neurological deficit. In contrast to modestly good/fair neurological outcome in children with an encephalocele without hydrocephalus, the presence of hydrocephalus resulted in a far worse neurological outcome.
Porohyperelastic anatomical models for hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Kim Hakseung , Min Byoung-Kyong , Park Dae-Hyeon , Hawi Stanley , Kim Byung-Jo , Czosnyka Zofia , Czosnyka Marek , Sutcliffe Michael P. F. , Kim Dong-Joo
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

Brain deformation can be seen in hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) via medical images. The phenomenology of local effects, brain shift, and raised intracranial pressure and herniation are textbook concepts. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the specific processes that occur when brain tissue is subject to the mechanical stress of different temporal and spatial profiles of the 2 neurological disorders. Moreover, recent studies suggest that IIH and hydrocephalus may be diseases with opposite pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the similarities and differences between the 2 subjects have not been thoroughly investigated.

METHODS

An anatomical porohyperelastic finite element model was used to assess the brain tissue responses associated with hydrocephalus and IIH. The same set of boundary conditions, with the exception of brain loading for development of the transmantle pressure gradient, was applied for the 2 models. The distribution of stress and strain during tissue distortion is described by the mechanical parameters.

RESULTS

The results of both the hydrocephalus and IIH models correlated with pathological characteristics. For the hydrocephalus model, periventricular edema was associated with the presence of positive volumetric strain and void ratio in the lateral ventricle horns. By contrast, the IIH model revealed edema across the cerebral mantle, including the centrum semiovale, with a positive void ratio and volumetric strain.

CONCLUSIONS

The model simulates all the clinical features in correlation with the MR images obtained in patients with hydrocephalus and IIH, thus providing support for the role of the transmantle pressure gradient and capillary CSF absorption in CSF-related brain deformation. The finite element methods can be used for a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders associated with parenchymal volumetric fluctuation.
En bloc spondylectomy for primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thoracic spine with aortic involvement: case report
Authors: Somasundaram Aravind , Wicks Robert T. , Lata Adrian L. , Qasem Shadi A. , Hsu Wesley
Published: February 2015

In this article, the authors describe a 48-year-old man who initially presented with progressively worsening back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a soft-tissue mass involving the T10–11 vertebral bodies with extension anteriorly into the aorta as well as epidural extension without spinal cord compression. A biopsy of the mass showed findings consistent with a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). A total en bloc spondylectomy with resection and reconstruction of the involved aorta using a vascular graft was performed. The patient received postoperative radiation therapy and is neurologically intact at 18 months postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a spinal MFH resection with aortic reconstruction.
In vitro interaction between Zidovudine and some adsorptive antacids
Authors: Okhuelegbe Eraga Sylvester , Osita Idemili Nwachukwu , Amara Iwuagwu Magnus
Published: February 2015

The in vitro interaction between zidovudine and three antacids and a commercial product was investigated. The extent of adsorption of zidovudine by the antacids, and the effects of the antacids on the disintegration time and dissolution of the drug from tablets were studied. Adsorption of the drug by the antacids followed the order; magnesium trisilicate > aluminium hydroxide > magnesium hydroxide. Retardation of dissolution amongst the antacids and commercial product was of the order; Jawasil® > magnesium trisilicate > aluminium hydroxide > magnesium hydroxide. Also, the degree of retardation of dissolution from the tablets increased as the amount of adsorbent increased. Co-administration of zidovudine and adsorptive antacid formulations should be avoided in clinical practice since it can lead to a decrease in the bioavailability of zidovudine, ultimately leading to therapeutic failure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21853 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 1-6, 2014 (June)
Prediction of blood-brain barrier penetration of meta-/para-Alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid Esters bearing substituted N-Phenylpiperazine fragment
Authors: Sichrovska Lubica Havranova , Malik Ivan , Sedlarova Eva , Csollei Jozef , Stanzel Lukas , Galisinova Jana , Andriamainty Fils
Published: February 2015

The present study deals with blood-brain barrier (BBB) passive penetration of the substances labelled as 7a7d and chemically referred to as 1-[3-(Y-alkoxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-(2-methylphenyl) piperazinium chlorides. Following their chemical structures, they could be classified as prospective ?-/?-adrenoceptor blockers. Such groups are known, among others, by their adverse reactions on central nervous system due to their transport across the BBB. The lipophilicity as the main parameter of the BBB permeability predictions is presented by the values of partition coefficient which was experimentally estimated using shake-flask method in two different partitions, i.e. in octan-1-ol/buffer and cyclohexane/buffer as well. The in silico models which were used are based on the correlation between the log BB and the ? log P readouts (the log P value estimated in octan-1-ol/buffer minus the one estimated in cyclohexane/buffer) whereby log BB is primary transfer marker for such compounds entering brain from blood. Besides the log BB outputs, some other molecular physicochemical descriptors have to be generated. According to the results obtained by using Young, Kaliszan, Kelder, Clarks, Pan, Abraham, Feher and van de Waterbeemd models, probably none of the currently investigated compounds will permeate across the BBB. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21854 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 7-14, 2014 (June)
Secondary Metabolites From Different Extractives of Stereospermum suaveolens
Authors: Begum Fatema , Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Nahar Kazi Sharmin , Rashid Mohammad Abdur
Published: February 2015

The methanol extract of leaves and bark of Stereospermum suaveolens has been subjected to repeated-chromatographic separation and purification processes to isolate the secondary metabolites. A total of seven compounds have been isolated from the plant, which were identified as fridelin (1), ?-sitosterone (stigmast-5- en-3-one) (2), stigmasterol (3), 3,4-dimethoxy cis-caffeic acid (4), 3?-friedelanol (5), ?-amyrone (6) and glyceryl tricaprate (7). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21857 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 31-36, 2014 (June)
Effect of solubility enhancers on the release of Carbamazepine from Hydrophilic Polymer based matrix tablet
Authors: Sultana Sharifa , Halder Shimul , Kabir AK Lutful , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: February 2015

In the present study, an attempt has been taken to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and glyceryl mono stearate (GMS) as solubility enhancers on the release profile of a poorly soluble drug, carbamazepine. Matrix tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by wet granulation technique using hydrophilic polymers (10% of Methocel K15 MCR and 10% of Methocel K100LV CR) as release controlling agents. Varying amounts of SLS and GMS were used in six different formulations to observe the impact on the release rate and mechanism of drug release. The dissolution study of carbamazepine from these extended release matrix tablets was conducted for 24 hours using basket method in 900 ml distilled water as dissolution medium. The data obtained from the dissolution studies were explored and explained with the help of zero order, Higuchi, first order, Korsmeyer- Peppas and Hixson-Crowell equations. It was found that the dissolution rate of carbamazepine with the formulation containing SLS was higher than GMS containing formulation and increased concentration of SLS increasing the release rate. Where there was no SLS or smaller amount of SLS or GMS release rate was decreased. Formulation having equal ratio of SLS and GMS did not show the desire release profile. The drug release mechanism followed mainly super case II transport. These results clearly demonstrated that the dissolution rate, extent and mechanism of carbamazepine release could be changed by optimizing the amount of SLS and GMS in the tablet formulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21894 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 167-173, 2014 (December)
Evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of Nifedipine prepared by Superdisintegrant addition and sublimation methods
Authors: Okhuelegbe Eraga Sylvester , Ikhuoria Arhewoh Matthew , Ike Ajah Anthony
Published: February 2015

Fast disintegrating tablets of nifedipine prepared by superdisintegrant addition and sublimation methods were evaluated. Twelve batches of tablets were formulated by direct compression using varying concentrations of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium. Camphor was incorporated into six of the batches. Their granules were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. FTIR analysis of the drug and excipients was also carried out. Results obtained showed that their granules were free flowing with angle of repose < 26° and Carrs index < 19 %. The tablets gave hardness of 3.67-5.99 kgf, friability of < 1 %, wetting and disintegration times of < 101 and < 91 secs, respectively. Dissolution profiles showed all the tablets released over 92 % of their drug within 30 mins. FTIR analysis demonstrated no interactions between nifedipine and excipients. The sublimation method in combination with superdisintegrant addition method of formulation yielded fast disintegrating tablets of superior quality than the superdisintegrant addition method alone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21901 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 199-205, 2014 (December)
Arendt and Deleuze on Totalitarianism and the Revolutionary Event: Among the Peoples of the Fall of the Berlin Wall
Authors: Phillips James
Published: February 2015

Gilles Deleuze and Hannah Arendt are two thinkers who have theorised the exceptionalism of the revolutionary moment. For Deleuze, it is the moment of the people to come. For Arendt, it is the moment of the freedom of political action. In the decades since the fall of the Berlin Wall there has been extensive debate on how to remember the German Democratic Republic (DDR) and how to understand the events leading up to its demise. Arendt's analyses of totalitarianism, natality and the public sphere provide points of orientation in an attempt to clarify the nature of the DDR, the dishonesty of its evaluation in the West as well as the transitory purchase of its legitimating discourse on later generations of its citizens. Deleuze's reinvigoration of the revolutionary sense of the term ‘people’ sets it in defiance of prevalent notions of popular sovereignty and therefore facilitates a different reading of the protests against the so-called people's republic of the DDR: something else was at issue besides the substitution of one state form for another.
Preparation for Pt-Loaded Zeolite Catalysts Using w/o Microemulsion and Their Hydrocracking Behaviors on Fischer-Tropsch Product
Authors: Hanaoka Toshiaki , Miyazawa Tomohisa , Shimura Katsuya , Hirata Satoshi
Published: February 2015

Pt-loaded β-type zeolite catalysts with constant Pt content (0.11 wt.%) and similar pore structure were prepared using a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion. The effect of Pt particle synthesis conditions using microemulsion (a type of Pt complex-forming agents and the molar ratio of complex-forming agent to Pt4+) on loaded Pt particle size was investigated. The Pt particle size of the Pt catalyst using tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) as a complex-forming agent with the molar TEAC/Pt ratio 10 was the minimum value (3.8 nm), and was much smaller than that (6.7 nm) prepared by the impregnation method. The utilization of the complex-forming agent of which hydrophobic groups occupied a small volume and the appropriate complex-forming agent/Pt ratio were favorable for synthesis of small Pt particles. The effect of loaded Pt particle size on the hydrocracking of the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) product was investigated using the Pt-loaded zeolite catalysts at 250 °C with an initial H2 pressure of 0.5 MPa, and reaction time of 1 h. The Pt catalyst with a Pt particle size of 4.2 nm prepared using the microemulsion exhibited the maximum corresponding jet fuel yield (30.0%), which was higher than that of the impregnated catalyst.
Using Nature-Based Rehabilitation to Restart a Stalled Process of Rehabilitation in Individuals with Stress-Related Mental Illness
Authors: Sahlin Eva , Ahlborg Gunnar , Tenenbaum Artur , Grahn Patrik
Published: February 2015

After a period of decrease, sick leave in Sweden due to psychiatric diagnoses is on the increase. The lack of established rehabilitation programmes for patients with stress-related mental disorders (SRMD) has opened up for the use of garden/nature in a multimodal rehabilitation context (Nature-Based Rehabilitation, NBR). Region Västra Götaland (VGR) started an NBR to offer additional rehabilitation for its employees on long-term sick leave due to SRMD, where initial care had not been sufficient. The aim was to explore whether the mental health and well-being of NBR participants had improved at the end of the NBR and at three follow-ups, and to explore the development of sick leave and health care utilization according to the NBR model (n = 57) and an occupational health service (OHS) model (n = 45). Self-assessment instruments for measuring burnout, depression, anxiety and wellbeing, and data from regional and national registers were used. Results showed decreased scores on burnout, depression and anxiety, and increased well-being scores and significantly reduced health care utilization in the NBR group. A large movement from ordinary sickness benefit to rehabilitation benefit was observed, which was not observed in the OHS group. The two groups were in different rehabilitation phases, which limited comparisons. The results point to beneficial effects of using NBR for this patient group and for enhancing a stalled rehabilitation process.
International Journal of Molecular Science 2015’s Best Paper Award
Authors:   Editorial Board of International Journal of Molecular Science
Published: February 2015

The International Journal of Molecular Science has previously granted [1–3], and is continuing with our practice of granting, annual awards to recognize outstanding papers in the area of chemistry, molecular physics and molecular biology published in its journal. [...]
Effect of Whey Supplementation on Circulating C-Reactive Protein: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhou Ling-Mei , Xu Jia-Ying , Rao Chun-Ping , Han Shufen , Wan Zhongxiao , Qin Li-Qiang
Published: February 2015

Whey supplementation is beneficial for human health, possibly by reducing the circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) level, a sensitive marker of inflammation. Thus, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate their relationship. A systematic literature search was conducted in July, 2014, to identify eligible studies. Either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects. The meta-analysis results of nine trials showed a slight, but no significant, reduction of 0.42 mg/L (95% CI −0.96, 0.13) in CRP level with the supplementation of whey protein and its derivates. Relatively high heterogeneity across studies was observed. Subgroup analyses showed that whey significantly lowered CRP by 0.72 mg/L (95% CI −0.97, −0.47) among trials with a daily whey dose ≥20 g/day and by 0.67 mg/L (95% CI −1.21, −0.14) among trials with baseline CRP ≥3 mg/L. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the baseline CRP level was a potential effect modifier of whey supplementation in reducing CRP. In conclusion, our meta-analysis did not find sufficient evidence that whey and its derivates elicited a beneficial effect in reducing circulating CRP. However, they may significantly reduce CRP among participants with highly supplemental doses or increased baseline CRP levels.