bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulin stimulates spreading of skeletal muscle cells involving the activation of focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinases
Authors: Goel Hira Lal , Dey Chinmoy Sankar
Published: October 2002

Insulin plays an important role in muscle cell survival and proliferation. However, there is no report showing the role of insulin in spreading of muscle cells. In the present report, we showed that insulin enhances muscle cell spreading concomitant with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. Moreover, insulin can stimulate the cell spreading even in presence of integrin α5 blockers although to a lesser extent as compared to control. Cell adhesion was not dependent on insulin and serum, and decreased in presence of integrin blockers. We found direct association of FAK with affinity purified insulin receptors using in vitro kinase assay. The increase in FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was associated with increase in its kinase activity and further supported by increased phosphotyrosine accumulation on focal adhesions and increased membrane localization of FAK after stimulation by insulin. Moreover, insulin‐mediated muscle cell spreading was dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) activity. PI 3‐kinase activity was found to be associated with FAK and the FAK associated PI 3‐kinase activity enhanced when cells were plated in presence of insulin. We also observed activation of MAP kinases, i.e., ERK‐1/‐2 during insulin mediated muscle cell spreading. In conclusion, FAK, PI 3‐kinase, and MAP kinase are important components of pathway(s) that regulate insulin stimulated muscle cell spreading. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical properties of chemoreceptor elements in the carotid body
Authors: Hayashida Y. , Hirakawa H.
Published: October 2002

The electrical properties of chemoreceptor afferent nerve fibers and glomus cells and the behavior of cytosolic Ca2+ in glomus cells are reviewed. While this has not been confirmed, spontaneously depolarizing potentials (SDPs) recorded in a chemoreceptor afferent terminal may be the postsynaptic expression of presynaptic events. Glomus cells, which are presynaptic elements, either depolarized or hyperpolarized in response to natural and chemical stimulation. After‐hyperpolarization following an initial depolarization and after‐depolarization following an initial hyperpolarization were often seen. When a glomus cell depolarizes, voltage noise increases despite a decrease in input resistance in both intact and denervated carotid bodies. The voltage noise may be “receptor noise” generated in the glomus cell itself. The electrical properties of glomus cells change in the denervated carotid body, which suggests that the chemoreceptor afferent nerve exerts some trophic effect(s) on glomus cells. Hypoxia either increases or decreases cytosolic Ca2+, while ACh or NaCN induces either an increase or no change in cytosolic Ca2+ in glomus cells. There are at least two possible explanations for voltage changes in glomus cells: a chemical stimulus first depolarizes the glomus cell and induces Ca2+ influx to release chemical substances, or a chemical stimulus induces an increase in [Ca2+]i and then hyperpolarizes the glomus cell via potassium influx. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:243–248, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comment on “Observations on an equation of state for water confined in narrow slit-pores” [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 2565 (2002)]
Authors: Truskett Thomas M. , Debenedetti Pablo G. , Torquato Salvatore
Published: October 2002

Giaya and Thompson recently investigated some predictions of our molecular theory for water and proposed a strategy for improving its predictions for ambient conditions. We clarify some of their observations and explain why their proposed strategy will prevent the theory from capturing water’s thermodynamic anomalies.
Structural studies of Fe0.81Ga0.19 by reciprocal space mapping
Authors: Viehland D. , Li J. F. , Lograsso T. A. , Ross A. , Wuttig Manfred
Published: October 2002

Reciprocal lattice mapping has been performed on Fe0.81Ga0.19 crystals by ω–ω/2θ, Ψ–φ, and ω–φ scans. A strong elongation of the 〈001〉c peak was found along the 〈110〉c direction. ω scans revealed short lateral correlation lengths ξ along 〈110〉c and strong diffuse scattering along the 〈001〉c. Multiple domains with monoclinic symmetry (angle ∼190°) were observed by Ψ–φ and ω–φ scans on the (001)c face, and were also tilted with respect to each other. The results show an average cubic structure with orthorhombic structural modulations, and two structural domain states that result in a limiting monoclinic symmetry.
Urban Economic Growth in China: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Lin Shuanglin , Song Shunfeng
Published: October 2002

This paper analyses the relationship between per capita GDP growth and investment, foreign direct investment, labour force growth, government expenditure and urban infrastructure based on the data for 189 large and medium-sized Chinese cities for the period of 1991-98. Cross-sectional analyses indicate that several factors, such as foreign investment, paved roads and government expenditure on science and technology are positively related to per capita GDP growth, while the overall size of government, measured by total government spending share in GDP, appears negatively related to per capita GDP growth. Contrary to the literature on economic growth, total investment share in GDP is insignificantly related to per capita GDP growth. Also, there is no clear evidence of convergence in per capita GDP among Chinese cities.
Hong Kong: From an Industrialised City to a Centre of Manufacturing-related Services
Authors: Tao Zhigang , Wong Y. C. Richard
Published: October 2002

Significant transformation of economic activities has taken place in Hong Kong in the past two decades. Hong Kong's manufacturing industry has declined substantially relative to its service industry, in terms of employment and of contribution to GDP. Hong Kong has emerged as a centre of services, mainly manufacturing-related producer services. While growth of producer services is expected in most advanced economies, Hong Kong's transformation from an industrialised city to a centre of manufacturing-related services has been dramatically speeded up by the opening-up of the mainland Chinese economy in the past two decades. In addition to its relocation of manufacturing to mainland China, Hong Kong has played an increasingly important role as an intermediary for trade between mainland China and the world market.
Localization ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeProtein Phosphatase 2A Subunits throughout Mitotic Cell Cycle
Authors: Gentry Matthew S. , Hallberg Richard L.
Published: October 2002

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes. This enzyme is a collection of varied heterotrimeric complexes, each composed of a catalytic (C) and regulatory (B) subunit bound together by a structural (A) subunit. To understand the cell cycle dynamics of this enzyme population, we carried out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the PP2A subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found the following: the level of each subunit remained constant throughout the cell cycle; there is at least 10 times more of one of the regulatory subunits (Rts1p) than the other (Cdc55p); Tpd3p, the structural subunit, is limiting for both catalytic and regulatory subunit binding. Using green fluorescent protein-tagged forms of each subunit, we monitored the sites of significant accumulation of each protein throughout the cell cycle. The two regulatory subunits displayed distinctly different dynamic localization patterns that overlap with the A and C subunits at the bud tip, kinetochore, bud neck, and nucleus. Using strains null for single subunit genes, we confirmed the hypothesis that regulatory subunits determine sites of PP2A accumulation. Although Rts1p and Tpd3p required heterotrimer formation to achieve normal localization, Cdc55p achieved its normal localization in the absence of either an A or C subunit.
High-Resolution Dissection of Phagosome Maturation Reveals Distinct Membrane Trafficking Phases
Authors: Gotthardt Daniel , Warnatz Hans Jörg , Henschel Oliver , Brückert Franz , Schleicher Michael , Soldati Thierry
Published: October 2002

Molecular mechanisms of endocytosis in the genetically and biochemically tractable professional phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum reveal a striking degree of similarity to higher eukaryotic cells. Pulse-chase feeding with latex beads allowed purification of phagosomes at different stages of maturation. Gentle ATP stripping of an actin meshwork entrapping contaminating organelles resulted in a 10-fold increase in yield and purity, as confirmed by electron microscopy. Temporal profiling of signaling, cytoskeletal, and trafficking proteins resulted in a complex molecular fingerprint of phagosome biogenesis and maturation. First, nascent phagosomes were associated with coronin and rapidly received a lysosomal glycoprotein, LmpB. Second, at least two phases of delivery of lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin D [CatD] and cysteine protease [CPp34]) were accompanied by removal of plasma membrane components (PM4C4 and biotinylated surface proteins). Third, a phase of late maturation, preparing for final exocytosis of undigested material, included quantitative recycling of hydrolases and association with vacuolin. Also, lysosomal glycoproteins of the Lmp family showed distinct trafficking kinetics. The delivery and recycling of CatD was directly visualized by confocal microscopy. This heavy membrane traffic of cargos was precisely accompanied by regulatory proteins such as the Rab7 GTPases and the endosomal SNAREs Vti1 and VAMP7. This initial molecular description of phagocytosis demonstrates the feasibility of a comprehensive analysis of phagosomal lipids and proteins in genetically modified strains.
Shadows Cast by Retinal Blood Vessels Mapped in Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Adams Daniel L. , Horton Jonathan C.
Published: October 2002

The mammalian eye is a remarkable optical device, but its design is not perfect. The blood vessels that supply the inner retina are located in front of the photoreceptor layer, blocking access to light. Their shadows create a pattern of blindness in the field of vision that corresponds precisely to the location of the largest vessels in the eye. We show here that in squirrel monkeys, focal deprivation by blood vessels leads to rewiring of the eye's geniculocortical projections, imprinting an image of the retinal vascular tree onto the primary visual cortex. This process illustrates vividly that local imbalances in neuronal activity can influence column formation during normal development.
Biology and pathology of the placenta in relation to antiphospholipid antibody-associated pregnancy failure
Authors: Sebire N J , Regan L , Rai R
Published: October 2002

The placenta is a complex organ composed of maternal and foetal components whose anatomy and function is often greatly simplified in order to explain a range of presumed placenta-related pregnancy complications. Since one of the major roles of the placenta is its materno-foetal transfer function, abnormalities at the materno-foetal interface may be responsible for a range of pregnancy complications manifesting from the first throughthird trimesters according to the severity of the pathological process in each case. This article reviews some aspects of abnormal early placental development and its consequences, with particular regard to recurrent pregnancy failure and obstetric complications in association with primaryantiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Treatment With Selumetinib for Café-au-Lait Macules and Plexiform Neurofibroma in Pediatric Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Guo Ya-Xin , Wang He-Xiao , Wang Shan-Shan , Croitoru David , Piguet Vincent , Gao Xing-Hua , Xu Xue-Gang
Published: January 2024

This case report describes 4 patients with a rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder resulting from NF1 variants that leads to café-au-lait macules and neurofibromas.
Clinical and Serologic Phenotyping and Damage Indices in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Fibromyalgia
Authors: Corbitt Kelly , Carlucci Philip M. , Cohen Brooke , Masson Mala , Saxena Amit , Belmont H. Michael , Tseng Chung‐E , Barbour Kamil E. , Gold Heather , Buyon Jill , Izmirly Peter
Published: January 2024

Objective

Given fibromyalgia (FM) frequently co‐occurs with autoimmune disease, this study was initiated to objectively evaluate FM in a multiracial/ethnic cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Patients with SLE were screened for FM using the 2016 FM classification criteria during an in‐person rheumatologist visit. We evaluated hybrid Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)‐SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, SLE classification criteria, and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index. We compared patients with and without FM and if differences were present, compared patients with FM with patients with non‐FM related chronic pain.

Results

316 patients with SLE completed the FM questionnaire. 55 (17.4%) met criteria for FM. The racial composition of patients with FM differed from those without FM (P = 0.023), driven by fewer Asian patients having FM. There was no difference in SLE disease duration, SELENA‐SLEDAI score, or active serologies. There was more active arthritis in the FM group (16.4%) versus the non‐FM group (1.9%) (P < 0.001). The Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score did not correlate with degree of SLE activity (r = −0.016; 0.107) among patients with FM or non‐FM chronic pain (r = 0.009; −0.024). Regarding criteria, patients with FM had less nephritis and more malar rash. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index did not differ between groups.

Conclusion

Except for arthritis, patients with SLE with FM are not otherwise clinically or serologically distinguishable from those without FM, and Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score indices do not correlate with SLEDAI. These observations support the importance of further understanding the underlying biology of FM in SLE.
Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing
Authors: Lalegani Dezaki Mohammadreza , Zolfagharian Ali , Demoly Frédéric , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: January 2024

In this review, 4D printing (4DP) is delved into through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and its implications for human–material interaction (HMI). FFF 4DP's emergence in HMI represents a nascent and evolving concept worthy of deeper exploration. In this article, FFF 4DP's fundamental principles, methodologies, materials, and associated benefits and challenges are introduced. Herein, the primary focus is the intersection between FFF 4DP and HMI, investigating the potential of employing FFF 4D‐printed objects as interactive interfaces. Various HMI scenarios are examined, including applications in soft actuators, smart toys, household devices, smart consumer products, 4D textiles, and customizable wood‐based items. Moreover, in this article, the current state of the art and development in the field are discussed, highlighting notable projects that integrate FFF 4DP into HMI to advance environmental sustainability. Also, key challenges/limitations requiring attention for the widespread adoption of 4DP in HMI applications are identified. In this work, an in‐depth analysis of FFF 4DP within the HMI context is offered, underscoring its potential to transform human interactions with machines and smart devices. Innovative features for dynamic and adaptable interfaces are introduced, promising to revolutionize user experiences. The article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and designers interested in exploring the exciting possibilities of FFF 4DP in the realm of HMI.
Bistable Interface: Reversible Switching of Rectifying to Nonrectifying Current Across Heterostructured Thin Films of MOFs
Authors: Sindhu Pooja , Saha Sauvik , Bhoi Umashis , Ballav Nirmalya
Published: January 2024

A diverse range of physicochemical properties offered by metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly engaging in thin film configurations, specifically for device applications. Heterostructured thin films of MOFs allow to utilize the unique interfaces that develop within such configurations. Typically, interface is monostable and electrical transport across heterostructured MOF thin films has so far been realized to be either Ohmic or rectifying (p‐n junction) type. This work reports the emergence of a bistable interface in a heterostructured thin film of Mott‐like electrically insulating MOFs whereby rectifying to nonrectifying current can be reversibly switched by applying thermal energy. The inherent resistive switching behavior of both the individual MOF layers at different temperatures coupled with charge‐transfer apparently makes the interface complex.
In Situ Structure Modulation of Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Fengchun , Gu Xin , Cui Akang , Li Yang , Dong Sijin , Wu Shuang , Cheng Zhenjie , Yao Qian , Yang Jian , Wu Mingbo
Published: January 2024

Manganese‐based layered oxide cathodes, particularly KxMnO2 (KMO), have shown great potential in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their low cost, high theoretical capacities, and excellent thermal stability. However, Jahn‐Teller distortion, manganese dissolution, and interface instability of electrode/electrolyte lead to structural instability and performance decay. Here, lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (LiDFOB) is introduced as an electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of P3‐type KMO. LiDFOB creates a uniform, thin, and robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase layer on the cathode surface, enhancing reaction kinetics, preventing manganese dissolution, and stabilizing the structure. The P3‐KMO cathode with LiDFOB in the basic electrolyte exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance, such as a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.5% and high capacity retention of 78.6% after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the full cell of P3‐KMO||soft carbon demonstrates satisfactory specific capacity and energy density. This study emphasizes the importance of interface chemistry for PIBs.
3D Printed Electronic Skin for Strain, Pressure and Temperature Sensing
Authors: Roy Shounak , Deo Kaivalya A. , Lee Hung Pang , Soukar John , Namkoong Myeong , Tian Limei , Jaiswal Amit , Gaharwar Akhilesh K.
Published: January 2024

Electronic skin (E‐skin) that can mimic the flexibility and stretchability of human skin with sensing capabilities, holds transformative potential in robotics, wearable technology, and healthcare. However, developing E‐skin poses significant challenges such as creating durable materials with skin‐like flexibility, integrating biosensing abilities, and using advanced fabrication techniques for wearable or implantable applications. To overcome these hurdles, a 3D‐printed electronic skin utilizing a novel class of nanoengineered hydrogels with tunable electronic and thermal biosensing capabilities is fabricated. This methodology takes advantage of the shear–thinning behavior in hydrogel precursors, allowing to construct intricate 2D and 3D electronic structures. The elasticity of skin using triple crosslinking in a robust fungal exopolysaccharide, and pullulan is simulated, while defect‐rich 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoassemblies ensure high electrical conductivity. The addition of polydopamine nanoparticles enhances adhesion to wet tissue. The hydrogel exhibits outstanding flexibility, stretchability, adhesion, moldability, and electrical conductivity. A distinctive feature of this technology is the precise detection of dynamic changes in strain, pressure, and temperature. As a human motion tracker, phonatory‐recognition platform, flexible touchpad, and thermometer, this technology represents a breakthrough in flexible wearable skins and holds transformative potential for the future of robotics and human‐machine interfaces.
The Case for a Defect Genome Initiative
Authors: Yan Qimin , Kar Swastik , Chowdhury Sugata , Bansil Arun
Published: January 2024

The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has streamlined the materials discovery effort by leveraging generic traits of materials, with focus largely on perfect solids. Defects such as impurities and perturbations, however, drive many attractive functional properties of materials. The rich tapestry of charge, spin, and bonding states hosted by defects are not accessible to elements and perfect crystals, and defects can thus be viewed as another class of “elements” that lie beyond the periodic table. Accordingly, a Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) to accelerate functional defect discovery for energy, quantum information, and other applications is proposed. First, major advances made under the MGI are highlighted, followed by a delineation of pathways for accelerating the discovery and design of functional defects under the DGI. Near‐term goals for the DGI are suggested. The construction of open defect platforms and design of data‐driven functional defects, along with approaches for fabrication and characterization of defects, are discussed. The associated challenges and opportunities are considered and recent advances towards controlled introduction of functional defects at the atomic scale are reviewed. It is hoped this perspective will spur a community‐wide interest in undertaking a DGI effort in recognition of the importance of defects in enabling unique functionalities in materials.
Influence of Laser Power on Achieving Ultra Low Stiffness in Resistive Strain Gauges Through on Laser Bonding Transfer‐Patterning of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Film
Authors: Theogene Barayavuga , Cui Jianlei , Ren Xiaoying , Wei Fengqi , Wang Zhijun , Mei Xuesong
Published: January 2024

This study describes a novel stretchable and very sensitive strain gauge enabled by laser‐joining carbon nanotubes, resulting in unique architectures forming macroscopic web networks. The stiffness of the resistive strain sensor created by laser material patterning is reduced significantly, from 1.5824 to 0.142 kN m−1, corresponding to a change in laser power from 0 to 0.436 W. Many benefits of laser‐based bonding include precise and flexible local pattern production with minimal energy impact on the flexible substrate. Furthermore, the maximum Gauge factor of the sensor exhibits diverse trends with different strains, generating values of GF = 12.8 for strains less than 2.5% and GF = 165 for strains greater than 2.5% during extension‐retraction cycles. These disparities are the result of a dynamic fight between network degradation and regeneration.
Dynamic Orientation Control of Gold Nanorods in Polymer Brushes by Their Thickness Changes for Plasmon Switching
Authors: Sekizawa Yu , Hasegawa Yuka , Mitomo Hideyuki , Toyokawa Chisato , Yonamine Yusuke , Ijiro Kuniharu
Published: January 2024

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have unique optical properties such as transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (T‐ and L‐LSPR). As the L‐LSPR absorption depends on the angle of the AuNRs to incident light and polarization, orientational control of AuNRs is a crucial issue. In spite of various techniques to control AuNR orientation, dynamic orientation tuning on a solid substrate remains challenging. Herein, dynamic changes are demonstrated in AuNR orientation in the anionic polymer (DNA) brushes via control of their thickness by salt concentration. AuNRs vertically align toward the substrates when their thickness exceeds the AuNR length. Once their thickness becomes shorter than the AuNR length, the attached AuNRs begin to tilt. The tilt reaches a maximum level close to horizontal when the thickness decreases to half that of the AuNR length. The dynamic control between the vertical (uniform) and tilted (random) orientation of the AuNRs showed not only absorption intensity changes in L‐LSPR but also the switching of side‐by‐side plasmon coupling. The polymer brush‐based system affords a novel platform for the stimuli‐responsive control of AuNR orientation on the substrates via changes in the thickness of polymer brushes for actively tunable plasmonic substrates.
Tailoring Electronic Properties of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Efficient Optoelectronics
Authors: Ahmed Tanveer , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Lien Der‐Hsien
Published: January 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are nanocrystals synthesized in solution, boasting remarkable optical properties and notable electronic characteristics, such as size‐tunable bandgaps and high photoluminescence quantum yield. These features, coupled with solution processability, position CQDs as potential candidates for cost‐effective and high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, several technological challenges hinder the full exploitation of CQDs in optoelectronics. Among these is the need for long insulating organic ligands in liquid‐phase synthesis, which restrict efficient charge injection and transport in quantum dot (QD) films. Furthermore, the high surface‐to‐volume ratios and core–shell structures prompt complexities in terms of doping and modifying electronic properties. The colloidal nature of quantum dots (QDs) also raises challenges regarding controlled deposition and patterning, which are critical for device fabrication. In this review, the imperative is outlined to tailor CQDs for optoelectronic applications, the limitations that obstruct the implementation of desired modifications are elaborated on, and the specific hurdles confronting electronic coupling, targeted doping, and precision patterning of CQDs are focused on. Additionally, herein, a summary of the solutions proposed to date is offered, insights are shared on the discussed topics, and areas warranting future investigation are highlighted.
Uniaxial Strain Tuning of Upconversion Photoluminescence in Monolayer WSe2
Authors: Roy Shrawan , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie
Published: January 2024

Strain engineering is one of the leading mechanical ways to tune the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides among different techniques. Here, uniaxial strain is applied on exfoliated 1L‐WSe2 flakes transferred on flexible polycarbonate substrates to study the strain tuning of upconversion photoluminescence. It is demonstrated that the peak position of upconversion photoluminescence is redshifted by around 20 nm as the applied uniaxial strain increases from 0% to 1.17%, while the intensity of upconversion photoluminescence increases exponentially for the upconversion energy difference ranging from −155 to −32 meV. The linear and sublinear power dependence of upconversion photoluminescence is observed for different excitation wavelengths with and without uniaxial strain, suggesting the multiphonon‐assisted mechanism in one‐photon regime for the upconversion process. These results offer the potential to advance 2D material‐based optical upconversion applications in night vision, strain‐tunable infrared detection, and flexible optoelectronics.
Ligand and Substrate Effects on Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ru(II)‐Catalyzed Hydroacyloxylations to Vinylic Esters
Authors: Beasley Paul A. , McDonald Frank E.
Published: January 2024

Two Ru(II)‐catalytic systems were developed for anti‐Markovnikov regioselective hydroacyloxylations of terminal alkynes to vinylic esters. [Ru(NCCH3)6][(BF4)2] favors (E)‐vinylic ester products with arylacetylenes and select carboxylic acids, whereas a Ru scorpionate complex with two electron‐withdrawing ligands favors (Z)‐vinylic ester isomers.
A Mechanistic Insight on CuI‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxazolidinones through a Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Pich Rosa , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Lavedan Pierre , Lahitte Jean‐François , Remigy Jean‐Christophe , Pla Daniel , Gómez Montserrat
Published: January 2024

In this contribution, we describe a straightforward and efficient synthesis of oxazolidin‐2‐ones through a Cu(I)‐catalyzed four‐component coupling of amines, aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and CO2 via carboxylative cyclization of propargylamine intermediates. This strategy enables the selective synthesis of a variety of (Z)‐5‐alkylidene‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones substituted in positions 3, 4 and 5 of the heterocyclic core with a variety of functional groups, well‐tolerated in terms of scope. A mechanistic study was carried out monitoring the process in solution by different techniques (operando FTIR, multi‐nuclear NMR), with the aim of identifying the intermediates, both organic compounds and Cu(I) coordination complexes, which showed the plausible multi‐metallic nature of the catalytic intermediates (identified by X‐ray diffraction analyses on monocrystal).
Intrinsic Visible Plasmonic Properties of Colloidal PtIn2 Intermetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Takekuma Haruka , Sato Ryota , Iida Kenji , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Haruta Mitsutaka , Kurata Hiroki , Nobusada Katsuyuki , Teranishi Toshiharu
Published: January 2024

Materials that intrinsically exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible region have been predominantly researched on nanoparticles (NPs) composed of coinage metals, namely Au, Ag, and Cu. Here, as a coinage metal‐free intermetallic NPs, colloidal PtIn2 NPs with a C1 (CaF2‐type) crystal structure are synthesized by the liquid phase method, which evidently exhibit LSPR at wavelengths similar to face‐centered cubic (fcc)‐Au NPs. Computational simulations pointed out differences in the electronic structure and photo‐excited electron dynamics between C1‐PtIn2 and fcc‐Au NPs; reduces interband transition and stronger screening with smaller number of bound d‐electrons compare with fcc‐Au are unique origins of the visible plasmonic nature of C1‐PtIn2 NPs. These results strongly indicate that the intermetallic NPs are expected to address the development of alternative plasmonic materials by tuning their crystal structure and composition.
Traditional Electrochemical Zn2+ Intercalation/Extraction Mechanism Revisited: Unveiling Ion‐Exchange Mediated Irreversible Zn2+ Intercalation for the δ‐MnO2 Cathode in Aqueous Zn Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Shuangshuang , Zhang Dan , Gan Yang
Published: January 2024

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/δ‐MnO2 batteries are extensively investigated owing to the low cost, safety and eco‐friendliness. However, the charge storage mechanism of δ‐MnO2 electrode is still in debate. In this paper, it is revealed that the Zn2+ intercalation in δ‐MnO2 electrode is an ion exchange process rather than the commonly‐conceived electrochemical process for the first time. Before the discharge/charge process, Zn2+ irreversibly intercalates into the structure of δ‐MnO2. The ion‐exchange mediated irreversible Zn2+ intercalation in δ‐MnO2 has no contribution to the capacity of δ‐MnO2 electrode during cycles. This study further reveals that the electrochemical H+ intercalation/extraction, the electrodissolution of δ‐MnO2 and the electrodissolution‐electrodeposition of vernadite dominate the charge storage process of δ‐MnO2 electrode. These findings shed new light on the fundamental understanding for the reaction mechanism of δ‐MnO2 electrode in aqueous batteries.
Harmonized Physical and Electrochemical Process Design for Densely Dispersed Cu Catalysts on Cu2O Absorbers for Efficient Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim Dong Su , Oh Shin Young , Lee Hak Hyeon , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: January 2024

The photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (photo‐CO2RR) is a promising technology to convert CO2 into high‐value‐added carbon‐based chemicals using a relatively low voltage, which can economically solve the problem of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, unlike the conventional electrochemical CO2RR approach, photo‐CO2RR technology is in its initial development stage. Particularly, when sunlight is applied to photoelectrodes for photo‐CO2RR, severe photocorrosion is unavoidable, resulting in the deterioration of fundamental functions including device long‐term stability and conversion performance. This study proposes an innovative two‐step catalyst formation strategy to enable the efficient photo‐CO2RR with Cu catalysts prepared using intrinsic photocorrosion of the Cu2O absorption layer. This approach is based on the harmonized process design of the i) growth of physically generated Cu nanoparticles and ii) construction of improved photoelectrochemical Cu cluster catalysts. The vacuum‐evaporated Cu seeds are designed to induce an evenly dispersed electrical path on Cu2O, and the selectively concentrated electrical field from the Cu seeds provides preferential sites for metallic Cu catalysts in subsequent photoelectrochemical reduction. This harmonized combination process of Cu catalysts on Cu2O demonstrates a synergistic performance of −1.2 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE with suppression of photocorrosion and produces ≈95% CO product gas (0.4 VRHE).
Recurrent missense variant identified in two unrelated families with MPZL2‐related hearing loss, expanding the variant spectrum associated with DFNB111
Authors: Lo Emma , Blair Justin , Yamamoto Nobuko , Diaz‐Miranda Maria Alejandra , Bedoukian Emma , Gray Christopher , Lawrence Audrey , Dedhia Kavita , Elden Lisa M. , Germiller John A. , Kazahaya Ken , Sobol Steven E. , Luo Minjie , Krantz Ian D. , Hartman Tiffiney R.
Published: January 2024

MPZL2‐related hearing loss is a rare form of autosomal recessive hearing loss characterized by progressive, mild sloping to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Thirty‐five previously reported patients had biallelic truncating variants in MPZL2, with the exception of one patient with a missense variant of uncertain significance and a truncating variant. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics and genotypes of five patients from four families with confirmed MPZL2‐related hearing loss. A rare missense likely pathogenic variant [NM_005797.4(MPZL2):c.280C>T,p.(Arg94Trp)] located in exon 3 was confirmed to be in trans with a recurrent pathogenic truncating variant that segregated with hearing loss in three of the patients from two unrelated families. This is the first recurrent likely pathogenic missense variant identified in MPZL2. Apparently milder or later‐onset hearing loss associated with rare missense variants in MPZL2 indicates that some missense variants in this gene may cause a milder phenotype than that resulting from homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating variants. This study, along with the identification of truncating loss of function and missense MPZL2 variants in several diverse populations, suggests that MPZL2‐related hearing loss may be more common than previously appreciated and demonstrates the need for MPZL2 inclusion in hearing loss testing panels.
Omalizumab improves sleep and health status for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: An analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Meltzer Eli O. , Mullol Joaquim , Ko Jinnie , Saenz Rebecca , Steinke John W. , Millette Lauren A. , Gevaert Philippe
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have high incidence of sleep impairment. We evaluated the impact of omalizumab treatment on sleep characteristics and associated health status in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods

Prespecified exploratory analysis assessed outcomes from patients included in the POLYP 1 and POLYP 2 phase 3 clinical trials and the open‐label extension. Sleep was assessed by the sleep domain of the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22; MCID > 4 in patients with CRS) and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS‐Sleep). Health status was assessed by Healthy Days Core Module (HDCM) and sinonasal‐specific Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).

Results

Omalizumab improved sleep as assessed by the SNOT‐22 sleep domain. At week 24, adjusted mean (95%CI) SNOT‐22 sleep scores had reduced from baseline by −8.5 (–9.9 to –7.1) with omalizumab versus –2.7 (–4.1 to –1.3) with placebo. At week 52 (all patents on OMA), adjusted mean (95%CI) SNOT‐22 sleep scores had reduced from baseline by −10.1 (–11.4 to –8.7) with omalizumab. Improvements were observed in all eight items of the SNOT‐22 sleep domain: difficulty falling asleep, fatigue, frustration/restlessness/irritability, lack good night's sleep, reduced concentration, reduced productivity, wake up tired, and wake up at night. In addition, omalizumab improved six of eight sleep outcomes on the MOS‐Sleep scale. There were concurrent improvements in HDCM and PGIC.

Conclusion

Omalizumab improved sleep and self‐reported health status in patients with CRSwNP. This contributes to evidence that omalizumab provides value for patients beyond the reduction of sinonasal symptoms.
Surface‐Initiated Living Self‐Assembly of Polythiophene‐Based Conjugated Block Copolymer into Erect Micellar Brushes
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Yang Lei , Sun Yan , Lin Geyu , Manners Ian , Qiu Huibin
Published: January 2024

Nanostructured conjugated polymers are of widespread interest due to their broad applications in organic optoelectronic devices, biomedical sensors and other fields. However, the alignment of conjugated nanostructures perpendicular to a surface remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report a facile method to directly self‐assemble a poly(3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene), P3EHT‐based block copolymer into densely aligned micellar brushes through surface‐initiated living crystallization‐driven self‐assembly. The presence of an ethyl pendant on the side group intrinsically moderates the crystallization rate of the polythiophene main chains, and hence favors the controlled living growth of long conjugated fibers and the subsequent fabrication of conjugated micellar brushes. The corona of the micellar brush can be further decorated with platinum nanoparticles, which enables the formation of erect nanoarrays with heights up to 2700 nm in the dried state. This also renders the micellar brush catalytically active toward hydrogen evolution reaction, which shows a low overpotential of 27 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Notably, the P3EHT‐based micellar brush can simultaneously grow with polyferrocenyldimethylsilane, PFS‐based micellar brush on the same surface without any significant interference between the two systems. Thus, these two micellar brushes can be patterned through site‐selective immobilization of two types of seeds followed by independent living self‐assembly.
An ER‐targeted, Viscosity‐sensitive Hemicyanine Dye for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy by Activating Pyroptosis Pathway
Authors: Zeng Shuang , Wang Yang , Chen Chen , Kim Heejeong , Liu Xiaosheng , Jiang Maojun , Yu Yichu , Kafuti Yves S. , Chen Qixian , Wang Jingyun , Peng Xiaojun , Li Haidong , Yoon Juyoung
Published: January 2024

The concept of molecular design, integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions, aligns with the general trend of modern medical advancement. Herein, we rationally designed the smart molecule ER‐ZS for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeted diagnosis and treatment in cell and animal models by combining hemicyanine dyes with ER‐targeted functional groups (p‐toluenesulfonamide). Owing to its ability to target the ER with a highly specific response to viscosity, ER‐ZS demonstrated substantial fluorescence turn‐on only after binding to the ER, independent of other physiological environments. In addition, ER‐ZS, being a small molecule, allows for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via liver imaging based on high ER stress. Importantly, ER‐ZS is a type I photosensitizer, producing O2⋅− and ⋅OH under light irradiation. Thus, after irradiating for a certain period, the photodynamic therapy inflicted severe oxidative damage to the ER of tumor cells in hypoxic (2 % O2) conditions and activated the unique pyroptosis pathway, demonstrating excellent antitumor capacity in xenograft tumor models. Hence, the proposed strategy will likely shed new light on integrating molecular optics for NAFLD diagnosis and cancer therapy.
Sonogenetics for Monitoring and Modulating Biomolecular Function by Ultrasound
Authors: Hahmann Johannes , Ishaqat Aman , Lammers Twan , Herrmann Andreas
Published: January 2024

Ultrasound technology, synergistically harnessed with genetic engineering and chemistry concepts, has started to open the gateway to the remarkable realm of sonogenetics—a pioneering paradigm for remotely orchestrating cellular functions at the molecular level. This fusion not only enables precisely targeted imaging and therapeutic interventions, but also advances our comprehension of mechanobiology to unparalleled depths. Sonogenetic tools harness mechanical force within small tissue volumes while preserving the integrity of the surrounding physiological environment, reaching depths of up to tens of centimeters with high spatiotemporal precision. These capabilities circumvent the inherent physical limitations of alternative in vivo control methods such as optogenetics and magnetogenetics. In this review, we first discuss mechanosensitive ion channels, the most commonly utilized sonogenetic mediators, in both mammalian and non‐mammalian systems. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive overview of state‐of‐the‐art sonogenetic approaches that leverage thermal or mechanical features of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, we explore strategies centered around the design of mechanochemically reactive macromolecular systems. Furthermore, we delve into the realm of ultrasound imaging of biomolecular function, encompassing the utilization of gas vesicles and acoustic reporter genes. Finally, we shed light on limitations and challenges of sonogenetics and present a perspective on the future of this promising technology.
Structural Distortion in the Wadsley‐Roth Niobium Molybdenum Oxide Phase Triggering Extraordinarily Stable Battery Performance
Authors: Wu Zhibin , Liang Gemeng , Kong Pang Wei , Zou Jinshuo , Zhang Wenchao , Chen Libao , Ji Xiaobo , Didier Christophe , Peterson Vanessa K. , Segre Carlo U. , Johannessen Bernt , Guo Zaiping
Published: January 2024

Wadsley‐Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium‐molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo)13O33 with superior electrochemical Li‐ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single‐phase solid‐solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X‐ray diffraction, with the valence and short‐range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This work reveals that the superior stability of niobium molybdenum oxides is underpinned by changes in octahedral distortion during electrochemical reactions, and we report an in‐depth understanding of how this stabilizes the oxide structure during cycling with implications for future long‐life battery material design.
Synergistic Glutathione Depletion and STING Activation to Potentiate Dendritic Cell Maturation and Cancer Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Liu Jianping , Zhang Ye , Yang Bowei , Jia Yingbo , Liu Rui‐Tian , Ding Lingwen , Shen Zheyu , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2024

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation and antigen presentation are key factors for successful vaccine‐based cancer immunotherapy. This study developed manganese‐based layered double hydroxide (Mn‐LDH) nanoparticles as a self‐adjuvanted vaccine carrier that not only promoted DC maturation through synergistically depleting endogenous glutathione (GSH) and activating STING signaling pathway, but also facilitated the delivery of model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) into lymph nodes and subsequent antigen presentation in DCs. Significant therapeutic‐prophylactic efficacy of the OVA‐loaded Mn‐LDH (OVA/Mn‐LDH) nanovaccine was determined by the tumor growth inhibition in the mice bearing B16‐OVA tumor. Our results showed that the OVA/Mn‐LDH nanoparticles could be a potent delivery system for cancer vaccine development without the need of adjuvant. Therefore, the combination of GSH exhaustion and STING pathway activation might be an advisable approach for promoting DC maturation and antigen presentation, finally improving cancer vaccine efficacy.
Disclosing Support‐Size‐Dependent Effect on Ambient Light‐Driven Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation over Nickel/Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Chunqi , Wang Huiling , Chen Jin , Chen Jing , Jia Hongpeng
Published: January 2024

The size of support in heterogeneous catalysts can strongly affect the catalytic property but is rarely explored in light‐driven catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate the size of TiO2 support governs the selectivity in photothermal CO2 hydrogenation by tuning the metal‐support interactions (MSI). Small‐size TiO2 loading nickel (Ni/TiO2‐25) with enhanced MSI promotes photo‐induced electrons of TiO2 migrating to Ni nanoparticles, thus favoring the H2 cleavage and accelerating the CH4 formation (227.7 mmol g−1 h−1) under xenon light‐induced temperature of 360 °C. Conversely, Ni/TiO2‐100 with large TiO2 prefers yielding CO (94.2 mmol g−1 h−1) due to weak MSI, inefficient charge separation, and inadequate supply of activated hydrogen. Under ambient solar irradiation, Ni/TiO2‐25 achieves the optimized CH4 rate (63.0 mmol g−1 h−1) with selectivity of 99.8 %, while Ni/TiO2‐100 exhibits the CO selectivity of 90.0 % with rate of 30.0 mmol g−1 h−1. This work offers a novel approach to tailoring light‐driven catalytic properties by support size effect.
Therapeutic crisis intervention for families: an investigation of caregiver perceptions and experiences
Authors: George Sarah E. , Catchpole Chelsey , Skinner Rosemary , Barbaro Parma , Adey Nathan G. , Davies Simon
Published: January 2024

The Therapeutic Crisis Intervention for Families (TCI‐F) program aims to equip caregivers with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to deal with crisis situations involving their children. Despite the program's global dissemination, its influence on predictors of intervention uptake and caregiver experience is not understood. We therefore sought to investigate the changes in determinants of implementation behaviour from pre‐ to post‐TCI‐F. These include knowledge, confidence, and intention to implement new strategies, beliefs about consequences that implementation would be beneficial, beliefs that change was part of one's social role, and a sense of having sufficient resources and support. In addition, we sought to understand the experiences of program participation. Caregivers who participated in TCI‐F were invited to complete questionnaires about determinants of implementation behaviour before and after the program. They were also invited to complete a questionnaire about their experiences attending TCI‐F. One hundred fifty‐five participants completed questionnaires. Significant improvements were found in all determinants of implementation behaviour. Caregivers reported improved knowledge about program strategies, a belief that this was part of their role, confidence and capability in managing crises, beliefs that implementation will be beneficial, intentions to implement learned strategies, and a sense of being provided with sufficient resources and support. Additionally, participants reported high levels of satisfaction, hope for the future, improved coping, and overall well‐being following the program. Qualitative responses supported these findings and revealed that many participants expressed a wish that the program was available sooner and that additional maintenance support was available. Findings support the use of TCI‐F and indicate that this is a promising intervention for caregivers who are struggling to cope with the crisis behaviours of their children. As this is the first published empirical investigation of TCI‐F, avenues for further research are identified.