bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Investigation on the Effect of Dendrobine on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Zhou Kuilong , Liang Zhijie , Zhang Huiting , Song Yangjie , Yang Xiaomin , Xiang Dongguo , Xie Qingfan
Published: May 2022

Dendrobine is the major active ingredient of Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, and Dendrobium fimbriatum, all of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine owing
to their antitumor and anti-inflammation activities. Hence, investigation on the interaction of dendrobine with cytochrome P450 enzymes could provide a reference for the clinical application
of Dendrobium. The effects of dendrobine on cytochrome P450 enzymes activities were investigated in the presence of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM dendrobine in pooled human liver
microsomes. The specific inhibitors were employed as the positive control and the blank groups were set as the negative control. The Lineweaver-Burk plots were plotted to characterize the
specific inhibition model and obtain the kinetic parameters. The study reveals that dendrobine significantly inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, 2C19, and 2D6 with IC50 values of
12.72, 10.84, and 15.47 µM, respectively. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP3A4 was found to be noncompetitive (Ki = 6.41 µM) and time dependent (KI = 2.541 µM−1,
Kinact
 = 0.0452 min−1), while the inhibition of CYP2C19 and 2D6 was found to be competitive with the Ki values of 5.22 and 7.78 µM, respectively, and
showed no time-dependent trends. The in vitro inhibitory effect of dendrobine implies the potential drug-drug interaction between dendrobine and CYP3A4-, 2C9-, and 2D6-metabolized
drugs. Nonetheless, these findings need further in vivo validation.
Rolle systemischer Infektionen bei Nierenerkrankungen des Hundes
Authors: Preyß-Jägeler Christine , Hartmann Katrin , Dorsch Roswitha
Published: May 2022

Nierenerkrankungen sind häufige Erkrankungen und Todesursachen beim Hund. Insbesondere für Glomerulopathien und akute Nierenschädigungen können Infektionserreger ursächlich verantwortlich sein. Zu den Infektionen, die in Mittel- und Südeuropa häufig mit der Entstehung von Immunkomplex-Glomerulonephritiden assoziiert und in Deutschland als Reisekrankheiten von Bedeutung sind, gehören Leishmaniose, Dirofilariose und Ehrlichiose. Selten verursachen in Deutschland Anaplasmose, Hepatozoonose, Borreliose und eine durch kleine Babesien versursachte Babesiose Immunkomplex-Glomerulonephritiden. Leptospirose, canine infektiöse Hepatitis und eine durch große Babesien verursachte Babesiose können für akute Nierenschädigungen durch tubulointerstitielle Nephritiden verantwortlich sein. Eine weiterführende Diagnostik zur Identifikation potenziell auslösender Infektionen bei Nierenerkrankungen des Hundes ist daher wichtig für die Prognose und Therapie der Patienten.
Delayed Cord Clamping for 45 Seconds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Impact on Hemoglobin at Birth and Close to Discharge
Authors: Amendolia Barbara , Kilic Nicole , Afridi Faraz , Qari Omar , Bhat Vishwanath , Nakhla Daniel , Sadre Sara , Eckardt Rebecca , Nakhla Tarek , Bhandari Vineet , Aghai Zubair H.
Published: May 2022

Objectives To assess the impact of delayed cord clamping (DCC) for 45 seconds on hemoglobin at birth and close to discharge in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to compare modes of delivery in infants who received DCC.

Study Design In a retrospective study, 888 VLBW infants (≤1,500 g) who survived to discharge and received immediate cord clamping (ICC) were compared with infants who received DCC. Infants who received DCC and born via Cesarean section (C-section) were compared with those born via vaginal birth.

Results A total of 555 infants received ICC and 333 DCC. Only 188 out of 333 VLBW infants (56.5%) born during the DCC period received DCC. DCC was associated with higher hemoglobin at birth (15.9 vs. 14.9 g/dL, p = 0.001) and close to discharge (10.7 vs. 10.1 g/dL, p < 0.001) and reduced need for blood transfusion (39.4 vs. 54.9%, p < 0.001). In the DCC group, hemoglobin at birth and close to discharge was similar in infants born via C-section and vaginal birth.

Conclusion DCC for 45 seconds increased hemoglobin at birth and close to discharge and reduced need for blood transfusion in VLBW infants. DCC for 45 seconds was equally effective for infants born by C-section and vaginal delivery. Approximately 44% of VLBW infants did not receive DCC even after implementing DCC guidelines.

Key Points
Effectiveness of Simulation Training in Acquiring Echocardiography Skills among Neonatology Care Providers
Authors: Noori Shahab , Ebrahimi Mahmood , Uzunyan Merujan , Bazyani Dariush , Noori Aryan J. , Siassi Bijan , Ramanathan Rangasamy
Published: May 2022

Objectives The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that simulation training improves echocardiography skills.

Study Design In this prospective study, 43 participants (16 neonatologists, 26 neonatology fellows, and 1 nurse practitioner) were tested on the simulator after 4 hours of didactic sessions on topographical cardiac anatomy and standard echocardiographic views. Participants were given 20 minutes to obtain and save the standard views. After the simulation hands-on training for 8 hours over 3 days, they were tested again. Each image was scored from 0 to 3 based on the image quality. Pre- and postsimulator training data were compared using both automated and visual scoring methods.

Results After the hands-on simulator training, the automated median (interquartile) score for the quality of acquired images increased from 36 (22, 43) to 55 (48, 58), p < 0.0001. The increase was similar using visual scoring. The number of views with acceptable or good image quality (scores of 2 or 3) increased from 11 (6, 16) to 20 (17, 21), p < 0.0001. The neonatology fellows and faculty, as well as those with or without prior echocardiography experience, demonstrated significant improvement.

Conclusions Echocardiography simulation is an effective tool in improving echocardiography skills among neonatology care providers.

Key Points
Inhaled Corticosteroid Exposure in Hospitalized Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Leiting Chelsey , Kerns Ellen , Euteneuer Joshua C. , McCulloh Russell J. , Peeples Eric S.
Published: May 2022

Objective The objective of this paper was to determine inhaled corticosteroid (IC) use in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), define the interhospital variation of IC administration to infants with BPD, and compare clinical, demographic, and hospital factors associated with IC use.

Study Design Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, a retrospective multicenter cohort of 4,551 infants born at <32 weeks of gestation with developing BPD was studied. The clinical, demographic, and hospital characteristics of infants exposed and not exposed to ICs were compared.

Results IC use varied markedly between hospitals, ranging from 0 to 66% of infants with BPD exposed to ICs. Increased annual BPD census was not associated with IC use. In total, 25% (1,144 out of 4,551) of patients with BPD and 43% (536 out of 1,244) of those with severe BPD received ICs. Increased IC exposure was associated with lower birth weight and gestational age, days on respiratory support, need for positive pressure ventilation at 36-week postmenstrual age, need for tracheostomy, and increased use of systemic steroids, bronchodilators, and diuretics.

Conclusion IC exposure is common in infants with BPD, with substantial interhospital variability. IC use was associated with more severe disease. Hospital experience did not account for the wide variability in IC use by the hospital. Further research into the effects of ICs use is urgently needed to help guide their use in this vulnerable population.

Key Points
Formation of Seven-Membered Rings by Ring-Closing Metathesis of Vinyl Bromides
Authors: Ajavakom Vachiraporn , Brown Richard C. D. , Pandokrak Potchanee , Salim Sofia S. , Moustafa Gamal A. I. , Bellingham Richard K. , Hill-Cousins Joseph T. , Ajavakom Anawat
Published: May 2022

A Grubbs II catalyst mediated ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of monobrominated dienes is reported to proceed in moderate to good yields (40–80%) where the linking chain contains five atoms, leading to carbocyclic and heterocyclic seven-membered bromoolefins. Notably, RCM to form five-, six-, or eight-membered bromoolefins was unsuccessful, with the exception of one example where RCM afforded diethyl 3-bromocyclohex-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate. In this case, a bromomethyl-substituted cyclohexene was obtained as a byproduct. The utility of selected bromoolefin RCM products was demonstrated through their participation in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Vinylic halide exchange (Br → Cl) was noted as a side reaction under RCM conditions.
Development of new gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection training model: A reproducibility evaluation study
Authors: Mitsui Tomohiro , Yoda Yusuke , Sunakawa Hironori , Takayama Seiichiro , Nishihara Keiichiro , Inaba Atsushi , Sato Daiki , Minamide Tatsunori , Takashima Kenji , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Shinmura Kensuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yano Tomonori
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a highly technical procedure mainly due to the distinctive shape of the stomach and diverse locations of lesions. We developed a new gastric ESD training model (G-Master) that could accurately recreate the location of the stomach and assessed the reproducibility of located lesions in the model.

Methods The model comprises a simulated mucous membrane sheet made of konjac flour and a setting frame, which can simulate 11 locations of the stomach. We assessed the reproducibility of each location in the model by assessing the procedure speed and using a questionnaire that was distributed among experts. In the questionnaire, each location was scored on a six-point scale for similarity of locations.

Results The mean score for all locations was high with > 4 points. Regarding locations, lower anterior and posterior walls had medium scores with 3 to 4 points. The procedure speed was slower in the greater curvature of the upper and middle gastric portions, where ESD is considered more difficult than the overall procedure speed.

Conclusions The new gastric ESD training model appears to be highly reproducible for each gastric location and its application for training in assuming actual gastric ESD locations.
A Facile Oxidation of Tertiary Amines to Lactams by Using Sodium Chlorite: Process Improvement by Precise pH Adjustment with CO2
Authors: Chu Changhu , Liu Chaoyang , Sun Haozhou , Qin Cheng , Yang Tiannuo , Zhang Wenxian , Zhou Yuan , Li Yani , Jia Zheng Robert
Published: May 2022

By using cheap and innocuous sodium chlorite, a series of tertiary amines have been oxidized to the corresponding lactams with good selectivity and high yield. In this method, neither transition-metal catalyst nor oxidant was used. In the oxidation step, the pH of the sodium chlorite was precisely adjusted to pH around 6 using CO2, such pH is a compromise between oxidative properties, chemical stability, and unwanted precipitation. In addition, buffer salts are not necessary, which allows this oxidation reaction to be performed under safe and environmentally benign conditions.
Methods for Determination of Absolute Configurations of Chiral Diols by THENA Ester and NMR Shift Difference
Authors: Thongpanchang Tienthong , Dolsophon Kulvadee , Soponpong Jakapun , Kornsakulkarn Jittra , Thongpanchang Chawanee
Published: May 2022

Determination of the absolute configuration of chiral secondary diols by chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) and NMR shift difference is of great challenge due to the complication from the interference of the aromatic anisotropic shielding effect of the two CDAs in close proximity. In this work, tetrahydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (THENA) was introduced as an alternative CDA for diols to overcome such complexity. Since the deshielding effect of THENA is weaker than the shielding effect of other CDAs, THENA would allow the direct analysis of the chemical shift difference in determining the absolute configuration of the chiral diols. In addition, an analytical method based on Riguera’s model could also be used to confirm the assignment. With a good agreement between the assigned configuration based on both analytical models, the absolute configuration of the chiral diols could be assigned with reliability.
Anesthetic Implications of Nephrotic Syndrome in Neurosurgical Practice
Authors: Puthiyedath Roshna C. , Kumar Ashutosh , Praveen Ranganatha , Sethuraman Manikandan
Published: May 2022

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common medical disorder especially in pediatric population with hypoproteinemia as an important feature. NS has multisystem involvement and multiple organ effects due to the disease or the treatment itself, which has important implications in the perioperative period. Hypoproteinemia in NS can result in reduction in availability of protein binding sites for certain intravenous anesthetics, leading to their increased free fraction that can concentrate at the receptor sites, thereby prolonging their action. NS can have phases of relapse and remission with increased propensity for complications, such as thromboembolism during relapse phase. Such patients presenting for neurosurgery pose unique challenge to the anesthesiologist. We hereby report a case of NS and its implication in neurosurgical practice and management.
First Trimester Cardiac Biomarkers among Women with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Are There Early Clues to This Late-Pregnancy Phenomenon?
Authors: Sarma Amy A. , Hsu Sarah , Januzzi James L. , Goldfarb Ilona T. , Thadhani Ravi , Wood Malissa J. , Powe Camille E. , Scott Nandita S.
Published: May 2022

Objective Whether biomarkers may enable early identification of women who develop peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) prior to disease onset remains a question of interest.

Study Design A retrospective nested case–control study was conducted to determine whether first trimester N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) or high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) differed among women who developed PPCM versus unaffected pregnancies. Cases were matched to unaffected women by age, race, parity, and gestational age of sample (control A) and then further by blood pressure and pregnancy weight gain (control B).

Results First trimester NT-proBNP concentrations were numerically higher among women who subsequently developed PPCM (116 pg/mL [83–177]) as compared with women in control A (56.1 pg/mL [38.7–118.7], p = 0.3) or control B (37.6 [23.3 − 53.8], p <0.05). A higher proportion of women who subsequently developed PPCM (50%) had detectable levels of hs-cTnI as compared with control A (0%, p = 0.03) or control B (18.8%, p = 0.52). Among both cases and controls, hs-cTnI values were low and often below the limit of detection.

Conclusion There were differences in first trimester NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI concentrations between women who subsequently developed PPCM and those who did not, raising the possibility the early pregnancy subclinical myocardial dysfunction may be associated with this late-pregnancy disease.

Key Points
The EDR inflow region of a reconnecting current sheet in the geomagnetic tail
Authors: Burch J. L. , Hesse M. , Webster J. M. , Genestreti K. J. , Torbert R. B. , Denton R. E. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. , Russell C. T. , Wang S. , Chen L.-J. , Dokgo K. , Hwang K.-J. , Pollock C. J.
Published: May 2022

On 6 July 2017, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecrafts were positioned within an electron diffusion region (EDR) just northward of a reconnection X line. The EDR was identified by electron crescent distributions, out-of-plane current, and energy conversion. From this position, the three spacecrafts closest to the X line (within about three electron inertial lengths) were able to accurately measure the reconnection electric field and the electron inflow velocity. The reconnection rates derived from the electric field and inflow velocity measurements agree with theoretical estimates (0.11–0.17) and a previous measurement of EM in a tail reconnection event on 11 July 2017.
Novel method to control explosive shock sensitivity: A mesoscale study to understand the effect of thermally expandable microsphere (TEM) inclusions in high explosives (HE) microstructure
Authors: Rai Nirmal K. , Lee Perry W. , Duque Amanda L.
Published: May 2022

When the void content and/or void structure of a high explosive (HE) is altered by some means (i.e., bulk heating or mechanical damage), the shock initiation behavior of the material changes. The ability to precisely predict the change in shock sensitivity after an HE has undergone microstructural changes is a crucial capability in multi-scale reactive flow models. Here, we utilize thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) as a dopant in a polymer bonded explosive (PBX) matrix to alter the shock initiation properties in a controlled fashion. Using a mesoscale modeling approach, we evaluated how a single TEM (before and after thermal expansion) behaves under shock compression, as well as how the matrix PBX in the direct vicinity of the TEM is affected. We first examined the effect of an unexpanded TEM in the explosive matrix and found that its presence does not significantly perturb the bulk flow and by extension will not affect bulk sensitivity. Next, we examined the effect of an expanded TEM and found that its presence significantly perturbs the flow via hydrodynamic jetting, which causes a secondary shock wave with a strength that exceeds that of the incident wave. Finally, we showed that this secondary shock interacts with the downstream porosity to ignite a larger fraction of the overall pore volume, commensurate with the secondary shock strength and the affected volume, increasing the global (bulk) shock sensitivity.
Asymptotically autonomous dynamics for non-autonomous stochastic 2D g-Navier–Stokes equation in regular spaces
Authors: Xu Dongmei , Li Fuzhi
Published: May 2022

This work is a continuation of our previous work [Li et al., Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 19, 3137 (2020)] on the regular backward compact random attractor. We prove that under certain conditions, the components of the random attractor of a non-autonomous dynamical system can converge in time to those of the random attractor of the limiting autonomous dynamical system in more regular spaces rather than the basic phase space. As an application of the abstract theory, we show that the backward compact random attractors [∪s≤τA(s,ω) is precompact for each τ∈R] for the non-autonomous stochastic g-Navier–Stokes (g-NS) equation is backward asymptotically autonomous to a random attractor of the autonomous g-NS equation under the topology of H0,g1(O)2.
Investigation on behavior of the backpressure based piezoelectric energy harvester driven by compressed air
Authors: Wang Yingting , Wang Zi , Bao Gang
Published: May 2022

A piezoelectric energy harvester with backpressure pre-loaded is designed to investigate the performance that can be driven by the compressed air load in the pneumatic system. The power generation principle and microelement mechanics model are established, which can explain the principle that backpressure changes the internal energy of materials. The backpressure affects the internal stress of materials. The electromechanical coupling coefficient can be adjusted by the backpressure. The power generation obviously changes as the electromechanical coupling coefficient is adjusted. An experimental testing system is established, and the experimental results are analyzed to prove the effect of backpressure on the output power. There is a linear relationship between the peak voltage and backpressure. When the backpressure increases every 1 kPa, the voltage increases by 0.667 V. The voltage increment under backpressure is 5.13 times that without backpressure. The optimal output power is 12.3 mW in 30 kPa backpressure pre-load. The output power increases to the original 237% under the backpressure. The prototype can directly supply energy to the temperature sensor, and it can supply power to a magnetic switch with capacitor energy storage.
Comparative performance analysis of lead-free perovskites solar cells by numerical simulation
Authors: Srivastava Shristy , Singh Anand Kumar , Kumar Prashant , Pradhan Basudev
Published: May 2022

Research of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has gained attention with an urgent intent to eliminate toxic lead in perovskite materials. The prime intention of this research is to supplement the current research progress with a comparative analysis of various lead-free PSCs through numerical simulation analysis using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS)-1D software. Lead-based toxicity and instability have been one of the major hurdles in restricting perovskite solar cells from being commercialized. This study caters in substituting the need for toxic lead (Pb)-based PSCs with more efficient Pb-free PSCs. The device simulation is carried out in the n–i–p configuration of FTO/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/perovskite layer/poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine/Au using six distinct Pb-free perovskites. The impact of various active layers, including hole and electron transport thicknesses and the concentration of doping on solar device performances, has been minutely probed and optimized. CsSnI3 based PSC shows the best power conversion efficiency of 28.97% among all Pb-free devices. This makes very evident its probability to achieve high-performance Pb-free solar devices experimentally at par with lead-based perovskite solar cells in future research.
Comparison of skyrmion phases between poly- and single-crystal MnSi by composite magnetoelectric method
Authors: Lu Peipei , Du Haifeng , Wang Le , Li Hang , Wang Wenhong , Shi Youguo , Wu Xueliang , Sun Young , Chai Yisheng
Published: May 2022

We have explored the skyrmion phases and phase diagram of poly- and single-crystal MnSi by the measurements of the magnetoelectric coefficient αE and ac magnetic susceptibility of the MnSi/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 composite. We found that the regular skyrmion lattice phase in the single-crystal sample has been averaged in the MnSi polycrystal due to random grain orientations, which results in an extended skyrmion lattice-conical mixture phase down to 25 K. The magnitude of the out-of-phase component in αE of the polycrystal, not single crystal, decreases gradually with decreasing frequency. With the changing of the driven ac field, we reveal a depinning threshold behavior in both samples. The depinning field is stronger in the polycrystal than that in the single crystal and may be responsible for the diminishing of the dissipative behavior at lower frequency due to grain boundaries and defects. The composite magnetoelectric method provides a unique approach to probe topological phase dynamics.
Mechanism of tethered agonist-mediated signaling by polycystin-1
Authors: Pawnikar Shristi , Magenheimer Brenda S. , Munoz Ericka Nevarez , Maser Robin L. , Miao Yinglong
Published: May 2022

Significance

Mutations of polycystin-1 (PC1) are the major cause (85% of cases) of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure. PC1 is thought to function as an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, yet the mechanism by which PC1 regulates G-protein signaling remains poorly understood. A significant portion of ADPKD mutations of PC1 encode a protein with defects in maturation or reduced function that may be amenable to functional rescue. In this work, we have combined complementary biochemical and cellular assay experiments and accelerated molecular simulations, which revealed an allosteric transduction pathway in activation of the PC1 C-terminal fragment. Our findings will facilitate future rational drug design efforts targeting the PC1 signaling function.
Methodology at work
Authors: Kyuseva Maria , Parina Elena , Ryzhova Daria
Published: May 2022

The chapter illustrates the frame-based methodology of lexical typological analysis through the comparison of the qualities sharp and blunt in 21 languages. We show that these qualities tend to be asymmetrical, with bluntness being negatively defined through sharpness. The two main oppositions found in the field are (1) the shape of a sharp object, and (2) the sense through which the quality is primarily experienced. The first opposition divides all objects into bladed (knives, etc.) and pointed (needles, etc.) ones; the second opposition contrasts touch with vision, and it further translates to the juxtaposition of function (sharp/blunt instruments, etc.) vs. shape (pointed/rounded features, etc.). We also find that these oppositions determine the semantic shifts developed by words denoting sharpness or bluntness and that the metaphoric patterns are consistent across languages.
Quality as a two-place predicate
Authors: Panina Anna , Tagabileva Maria
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents a typological description of the semantic domains empty and full. While the majority of other predicates of physical qualities have a single argument (the qualified object), the situations of fullness and emptiness imply two arguments – the container and the contents. Such argument structure influences the syntax of the predicates of fullness and emptiness and, to some extent, the oppositions within these domains. In this paper, empty and full are examined in relation to clean, bare, solid and several other adjacent semantic domains, with particular attention being given to metaphors and semantic extensions.
Typology of dimensions
Authors: Kozlov Alexey , Privizentseva Maria
Published: May 2022

The paper focuses on the lexical typology of dimensional terms such as English long, deep, wide, etc. Compared to other semantic fields, this one is relatively well-studied; however, the present study is the first to approach it from the modern typological point of view. We propose a semantic map of dimensional terms, which outlines the possible and impossible colexification patterns in the domain. However, other regularities appear likely to exist, which cannot be captured by the model of semantic mapping. We discuss the potential restrictions on colexifications, and suggest explanations for them.
The domain of surface texture
Authors: Kashkin Egor , Vinogradova Olga
Published: May 2022

The paper deals with the typology of surface texture expressions, such as
slippery road, smooth wooden board, rough hands, coarse
or
rough fabric. We discuss both their literal uses and metaphors formed with them, such as
slippery person, smooth speech, rugged captain. Our language sample includes 10 Uralic languages (Finnish, Estonian, Meadow Mari, Erzya, Moksha, Udmurt, Komi-Zyrjan, Hungarian, Khanty, Nenets), as well as 5 languages from other families (Russian, English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean). The categorisation includes primarily a division into visually perceived surfaces and surfaces perceived through physical contact. We discuss in what ways the antonymic areas under observation are asymmetrical in their semantics and combinability. One more focus is on evaluating variation in the texture lexicon in genetically related languages in comparison with its variation across a broader sample of languages.
Talking temperature with close relatives
Authors: Koptjevskaja-Tamm Maria
Published: May 2022

The chapter compares the temperature adjectives (‘hot’, ‘cold’ etc.) across Slavic against a broader typological background. The comparison targets both the systems as a whole and the forms involved in them. The main questions are how (dis)similar the temperature systems of closely related languages can be, and what is stable vs. changeable in the temperature terms of closely related languages. Slavic languages show substantial cross-linguistic variation in their systems (ranging from two to four main temperature values), while on the whole confirming several earlier tentative generalizations in Koptjevskaja-Tamm (2015). The temperature terms themselves differ in stability, both in meaning and in form (with ‘warm’ being the most stable term on both counts), even though most of them are traceable to proto-Slavic and even to proto-Indo-European.
Pest identification.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D.
Published: May 2022

This book chapter discusses pest identification. Various multiple choice questions are designed to correctly identify the correct species of pests.
Subterranean termites.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D.
Published: May 2022

This chapter contains key questions regarding termites, the cellulose (wood) feeding insects.
Ants.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye, II Daniel D.
Published: May 2022

This book chapter discusses ants. Because ants live in large nests that can house many thousands to millions of individuals, their collective effect is certainly what causes greatest concern as a force that may destroy or consume large quantities of food or other materials important to humans. In nature, ants perform beneficial functions, preying on pests, aerating soils, moving soil nutrients, and decomposing organic matter, but in urban environments, they can be considered as one of the most destructive urban pests. Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera which also includes bees and wasps, and, like many other hymenopterans, they are social insects with colony duties divided among different castes. Although most ants can bite with their jaws, the ones that cause greater concern are the ones that sting, using a modified ovipositor to inflict pain. Emphasis should be on excluding ants from buildings and eliminating food and water sources. Ants undergo complete metamorphosis, having egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Ant management requires diligent effort and the combined use of mechanical, cultural, sanitation, and chemical methods of control.
A trade-off between the employment of older and younger workers? An historical approach to the political framing and reframing of labour market crowding out in the Dutch welfare state
Authors: Yerkes Mara A. , Lenitz Johanna , de Graaf-Zijl Marloes
Published: May 2022

Against a background of population ageing, rising welfare state costs, and the potential for intergenerational conflict, there is continued belief in the unsubstantiated idea that older and younger workers crowd each other out in the labour market. Taking a longitudinal approach, we historically describe the framing and reframing of the idea of crowding out in Dutch political discourse between 1977–2017. Using a rich dataset of all political party manifestos for this period, we demonstrate the continued belief in employment as a zero-sum game, highlighting how this idea is politically framed and reframed against a backdrop of political and institutional welfare state development. These findings offer empirical evidence on an under-researched topic, providing insights into political and policymaking processes.
Signaling by the integrated stress response kinase PKR is fine-tuned by dynamic clustering
Authors: Zappa Francesca , Muniozguren Nerea L. , Wilson Maxwell Z. , Costello Michael S. , Ponce-Rojas Jose Carlos , Acosta-Alvear Diego
Published: May 2022

The double-stranded RNA sensor kinase PKR is one of four integrated stress response (ISR) sensor kinases that phosphorylate the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in response to stress. The current model of PKR activation considers the formation of back-to-back PKR dimers as a prerequisite for signal propagation. Here we show that PKR signaling involves the assembly of dynamic PKR clusters. PKR clustering is driven by ligand binding to PKR’s sensor domain and by front-to-front interfaces between PKR’s kinase domains. PKR clusters are discrete, heterogeneous, autonomous coalescences that share some protein components with processing bodies. Strikingly, eIF2α is not recruited to PKR clusters, and PKR cluster disruption enhances eIF2α phosphorylation. Together, these results support a model in which PKR clustering may limit encounters between PKR and eIF2α to buffer downstream signaling and prevent the ISR from misfiring.
Altered glycosylation in pancreatic cancer and beyond
Authors: Lumibao Jan C. , Tremblay Jacob R. , Hsu Jasper , Engle Dannielle D.
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the deadliest cancers and is projected to soon be the second leading cause of cancer death. Median survival of PDA patients is 6–10 mo, with the majority of diagnoses occurring at later, metastatic stages that are refractory to treatment and accompanied by worsening prognoses. Glycosylation is one of the most common types of post-translational modifications. The complex landscape of glycosylation produces an extensive repertoire of glycan moieties, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, thus adding a dynamic and tunable level of intra- and intercellular signaling regulation. Aberrant glycosylation is a feature of cancer progression and influences a broad range of signaling pathways to promote disease onset and progression. However, despite being so common, the functional consequences of altered glycosylation and their potential as therapeutic targets remain poorly understood and vastly understudied in the context of PDA. In this review, the functionality of glycans as they contribute to hallmarks of PDA are highlighted as active regulators of disease onset, tumor progression, metastatic capability, therapeutic resistance, and remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. A deeper understanding of the functional consequences of altered glycosylation will facilitate future hypothesis-driven studies and identify novel therapeutic strategies in PDA.
Design of flexible resistance sensor based on mesh convex microstructure
Authors: xu jing , Ma Jingxuan , Lian Jiadi , Liao YiHong , Wang Luwen , Linxi Dong , SUN Hui
Published: May 2022

To solve the problems of large volume and poor flexibility of the traditional pressure sensor prepared by rigid materials, a flexible pressure resistance sensor with mesh convex platform microstructure is prepared by using PDMS as a substrate and graphene as a conductive functional layer. The preparation process of the conductive layer and the substrate of the sensor are optimized. The effect of the concentration of graphene and thinckness of PDMS on the sensor’s sensitivity are investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of polyurethane to graphene and the hydrophilic treatment of the PDMS can improve the stability of the sensor. Excessive graphene blocks the microstructural gaps resulting in reduce sensitivity. The thicker the PDMS, the smaller the microstructural deformation, resulting in lower sensitivity. Based on the theoretical basis of elastic mechanics, the calculated results consistent with the experimental results. Finally, the performance of PDMS microstructure sensor with thickness of 0.2mm is tested. The sensor has a high linear sensitivity (0.152kPa-1) and a wide linear dynamic response range (0-4kPa), along with a fast response time of 83ms. The sensor is fixed to the finger for bending test and shows that the sensor is able to detect human physiological activity.
Fast switching of magnetic vortex state under an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Xu Min , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Runshui , Meng Dexiang , Zhang Jinyu
Published: May 2022

Vortex is considered to be a promising candidate for nonvolatile magnetic random storage devices due to its unique binary state and high thermal stability. The control of vortex polarity and chirality is key to devices based on vortex. In this work, the switching of the magnetic vortex state in Permalloy nanodisks has been investigated by micromagnetic simulation employing in-plane alternating magnetic fields. During the switching of magnetic vortex state, an antivortex is formed, and the antivortex and vortex will not annihilate together. The formation of antivortex and the annihilation of initial vortex lead to the switching of magnetic vortex state. The switching of vortex state depends on magnetic field and disk size. The switching time of magnetic vortex state declines with the enhancement of magnetic field amplitude or magnetic field frequency. All the switching can be completed within 1.4 ns, indicating that the alternating magnetic field driving can induce the rapid switching of vortex state. This work provides an effective method for the fast switching of magnetic vortex state, which benefits the potential storage applications in vortex-based spintronic devices.
Theory of drift-enabled control in nonlocal magnon transport
Authors: de-la-Peña Sebastián , Schlitz Richard , Vélez Saül , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Kamra Akashdeep
Published: May 2022

Electrically injected and detected nonlocal magnon transport has emerged as a versatile method for transporting spin as well as probing the spin excitations in a magnetic insulator. We examine the role of drift currents in this phenomenon as a method for controlling the magnon propagation length. Formulating a phenomenological description, we identify the essential requirements for existence of magnon drift. Guided by this insight, we examine magnetic field gradient, asymmetric contribution to dispersion, and temperature gradient as three representative mechanisms underlying a finite magnon drift velocity, finding temperature gradient to be particularly effective.
Differential spin Hall MRAM based low power logic circuits and multipliers
Authors: Nehra Vikas , Prajapati Sanjay , Kumar T Nandha , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

A Multiplier is an essential component that dictates the performance of modern computing systems. However, high power dissipation of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) multiplier circuits has become a major concern in sub 45 nm technology nodes. Recently, emerging non-volatile memory based hybrid circuits have gained a lot of attention due to the prominent feature of negligible static power consumption. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based spin-torque memories have been used for low power applications. However, spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) based hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits exhibit higher write energy and longer incubation delay. In this work, a differential spin Hall (DSH)-MRAM cell is employed for logic and circuit applications. It stores a pair of complementary bits with low write voltage and reduced area. The variability analysis of DSH-MRAM signifies the availability of sufficient margin between different resistance states. Different types of 8 × 8 and 4 × 4 hybrid CMOS/MTJ multipliers are analyzed using DSH based adders and logic gates. The proposed multipliers consume approximately 20% less power and exhibit 19% improvement in power-delay product characteristics compared to CMOS based multipliers.
Exceptional point singularities in multi-section DFB lasers
Authors: Shahmohammadi Mehran , Süess Martin J , Peretti Romain , Kapsalidis Filippos , Forrer Andres , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme
Published: May 2022

A laser exhibits both controllable gain and loss and, under proper design conditions, is an ideal non-Hermitian system allowing the direct observation and engineering of spectral singularities such as exceptional points (EPs). A dual section distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a prototype of such a system, allowing the controlled coupling of a ladder of cavity Fabry–Perot modes to a quarter wave shifted DFB mode. Tuning the coupling strength and the gain difference between these two set of modes enables probing the regimes from weak coupling to strong coupling and the robust observation of EP singularities. At these EPs, the laser exhibits a sequence of lasing and switching off the coherent emission when pumped above transparency. Additionally, the pumping scheme allows the deliberate lifting of the EP degeneracy. These results show that dual section QCL is a perfect platform to study EPs because the coupling parameter and system loss can be tuned in a single device.
A novel double image encryption algorithm based on coupled chaotic system
Authors: Chen Yong , Xie Shucui , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: May 2022

This paper constructs a two-dimensional Logistic-Sine-Henon map (2D-LSHM) for image encryption. By comparing with some existing chaotic systems, the 2D-LSHM has better chaotic performance and is more suitable for image encryption scenarios. Using the 2D-LSHM, we propose a double image adaptive encryption algorithm consisting of bit-level combinatorial permutation and four-directional adaptive diffusion called LSHM-DIAEA. Differently from traditional image encryption algorithms, the proposed LSHM-DIAEA can encrypt a color image and a grayscale image at the same time so that the information from each other can be fused and affected by each other, which makes the encryption process more secure and efficient. In addition, to enhance plaintext sensitivity, we introduce the secure hash algorithm-512 (SHA-512) and the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature extraction algorithm into the LSHM-DIAEA. Simulation and security analysis results illustrate that the LSHM-DIAEA provides a high security level to resist various cryptanalytic attacks and a high execution efficiency.
The effect of crystal region on the shape memory in polylactic acid matrix
Authors: Li Yufang , Zhang Yunfan , Ouyang Jianglin , Ye Jinqiao , Cai Ziqing
Published: May 2022

The paper analyzed the effect of tensile conditions on the shape memory effect of PLA plates. The experimental results showed that the PLA plates presented excellent recovery ratio and recovery stress at lower stretch temperatures. In shape memory system of PLA, the crystal regions acted as network points significantly influenced the shape memory effect. The change of crystal structure of PLA plates at different strecthing conditions was investigated. The structural evolution model of lamallae during the stretching process were established.
Fabrication of a holographic mask with high consistency for convex blazed grating
Authors: Wang Dinglu , Zhang Dawei , Xu Banglian , Hao Fayi , Huang Yuanshen , Li Baicheng , Shen Yuhang
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to fabricate a holographic mask that can be developed to the bottom of the whole convex substrate and has the same groove depth, to meet the requirements of ion beam etching. The influence of light fields and exposure parameters on different positions of the photoresist substrate surface was studied. By comparing and analyzing the groove of holographic masks fabricated with different conditions, a holographic convex grating mask with high groove consistency can be obtained under the conditions of 40× light spot and 18 min exposure time. Finally, the high quality of the optimized holographic was verified by tests with ion beam etching.
Monitoring at-home prosthesis control improvements through real-time data logging
Authors: Osborn Luke E , Moran Courtney W , Dodd Lauren D , Sutton Erin E , Norena Acosta Nicolas , Wormley Jared M , Pyles Connor O , Gordge Kelles D , Nordstrom Michelle J , Butkus Josef A , Forsberg Jonathan A , Pasquina Paul F , Fifer Matthew S , Armiger Robert S
Published: May 2022

Objective. Validating the ability for advanced prostheses to improve function beyond the laboratory remains a critical step in enabling long-term benefits for prosthetic limb users. Approach. A nine week take-home case study was completed with a single participant with upper limb amputation and osseointegration to better understand how an advanced prosthesis is used during daily activities. The participant was already an expert prosthesis user and used the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL) at home during the study. The MPL was controlled using wireless electromyography (EMG) pattern recognition-based movement decoding. Clinical assessments were performed before and after the take-home portion of the study. Data was recorded using an onboard data log in order to measure daily prosthesis usage, sensor data, and EMG data. Main results. The participant’s continuous prosthesis usage steadily increased (p= 0.04, max = 5.5 h) over time and over 30% of the total time was spent actively controlling the prosthesis. The duration of prosthesis usage after each pattern recognition training session also increased over time (p = 0.04), resulting in up to 5.4 h of usage before retraining the movement decoding algorithm. Pattern recognition control accuracy improved (1.2% per week, p < 0.001) with a maximum number of ten classes trained at once and the transitions between different degrees of freedom increased as the study progressed, indicating smooth and efficient control of the advanced prosthesis. Variability of decoding accuracy also decreased with prosthesis usage (p < 0.001) and 30% of the time was spent performing a prosthesis movement. During clinical evaluations, Box and Blocks and the Assessment of the Capacity for Myoelectric Control scores increased by 43% and 6.2%, respectively, demonstrating prosthesis functionality and the NASA Task Load Index scores decreased, on average, by 25% across assessments, indicating reduced cognitive workload while using the MPL, over the nine week study. Significance. In this case study, we demonstrate that an onboard system to monitor prosthesis usage enables better understanding of how prostheses are incorporated into daily life. That knowledge can support the long-term goal of completely restoring independence and quality of life to individuals living with upper limb amputation.
Spatial-temporal network for fine-grained-level emotion EEG recognition
Authors: Ji Youshuo , Li Fu , Fu Boxun , Li Yang , Zhou Yijin , Niu Yi , Zhang Lijian , Chen Yuanfang , Shi Guangming
Published: May 2022

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based affective computing brain–computer interfaces provide the capability for machines to understand human intentions. In practice, people are more concerned with the strength of a certain emotional state over a short period of time, which was called as fine-grained-level emotion in this paper. In this study, we built a fine-grained-level emotion EEG dataset that contains two coarse-grained emotions and four corresponding fine-grained-level emotions. To fully extract the features of the EEG signals, we proposed a corresponding fine-grained emotion EEG network (FG-emotionNet) for spatial-temporal feature extraction. Each feature extraction layer is linked to raw EEG signals to alleviate overfitting and ensure that the spatial features of each scale can be extracted from the raw signals. Moreover, all previous scale features are fused before the current spatial-feature layer to enhance the scale features in the spatial block. Additionally, long short-term memory is adopted as the temporal block to extract the temporal features based on spatial features and classify the category of fine-grained emotions. Subject-dependent and cross-session experiments demonstrated that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the representative methods in emotion recognition and similar structure methods with proposed method.