bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light-driven polymer recycling to monomers and small molecules
Authors: Wimberger Laura , Ng Gervase , Boyer Cyrille
Published: March 2024

Only a small proportion of global plastic waste is recycled, of which most is mechanically recycled into lower quality materials. The alternative, chemical recycling, enables renewed production of pristine materials, but generally comes at a high energy cost, particularly for processes like pyrolysis. This review focuses on light-driven approaches for chemically recycling and upcycling plastic waste, with emphasis on reduced energy consumption and selective transformations not achievable with heat-driven methods. We focus on challenging to recycle backbone structures composed of mainly C‒C bonds, which lack functional groups i.e., esters or amides, that facilitate chemical recycling e.g., by solvolysis. We discuss the use of light, either in conjunction with heat to drive depolymerization to monomers or via photocatalysis to transform polymers into valuable small molecules. The structural prerequisites for these approaches are outlined, highlighting their advantages as well as limitations. We conclude with an outlook, addressing key challenges, opportunities, and provide guidelines for future photocatalyst (PC) development.
Structure of antiviral drug bulevirtide bound to hepatitis B and D virus receptor protein NTCP
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zakrzewicz Dariusz , Nosol Kamil , Irobalieva Rossitza N. , Mukherjee Somnath , Bang-Sørensen Rose , Goldmann Nora , Kunz Sebastian , Rossi Lorenzo , Kossiakoff Anthony A. , Urban Stephan , Glebe Dieter , Geyer Joachim , Locher Kaspar P.
Published: March 2024

Cellular entry of the hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV) requires binding of the viral surface polypeptide preS1 to the hepatobiliary transporter Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). This interaction can be blocked by bulevirtide (BLV, formerly Myrcludex B), a preS1 derivative and approved drug for treating HDV infection. Here, to elucidate the basis of this inhibitory function, we determined a cryo-EM structure of BLV-bound human NTCP. BLV forms two domains, a plug lodged in the bile salt transport tunnel of NTCP and a string that covers the receptor’s extracellular surface. The N-terminally attached myristoyl group of BLV interacts with the lipid-exposed surface of NTCP. Our structure reveals how BLV inhibits bile salt transport, rationalizes NTCP mutations that decrease the risk of HBV/HDV infection, and provides a basis for understanding the host specificity of HBV/HDV. Our results provide opportunities for structure-guided development of inhibitors that target HBV/HDV docking to NTCP.
Allele-specific transcriptional effects of subclonal copy number alterations enable genotype-phenotype mapping in cancer cells
Authors: Shi Hongyu , Williams Marc J. , Satas Gryte , Weiner Adam C. , McPherson Andrew , Shah Sohrab P.
Published: March 2024

Subclonal copy number alterations are a prevalent feature in tumors with high chromosomal instability and result in heterogeneous cancer cell populations with distinct phenotypes. However, the extent to which subclonal copy number alterations contribute to clone-specific phenotypes remains poorly understood. We develop TreeAlign, which computationally integrates independently sampled single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing data from the same cell population. TreeAlign accurately encodes dosage effects from subclonal copy number alterations, the impact of allelic imbalance on allele-specific transcription, and obviates the need to define genotypic clones from a phylogeny a priori, leading to highly granular definitions of clones with distinct expression programs. These improvements enable clone-clone gene expression comparisons with higher resolution and identification of expression programs that are genomically independent. Our approach sets the stage for dissecting the relative contribution of fixed genomic alterations and dynamic epigenetic processes on gene expression programs in cancer.
Sub-8 nm networked cage nanofilm with tunable nanofluidic channels for adaptive sieving
Authors: Liu Si-Hua , Zhou Jun-Hao , Wu Chunrui , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Sun Jian-Ke
Published: March 2024

Biological cell membrane featuring smart mass-transport channels and sub-10 nm thickness was viewed as the benchmark inspiring the design of separation membranes; however, constructing highly connective and adaptive pore channels over large-area membranes less than 10 nm in thickness is still a huge challenge. Here, we report the design and fabrication of sub-8 nm networked cage nanofilms that comprise of tunable, responsive organic cage-based water channels via a free-interface-confined self-assembly and crosslinking strategy. These cage-bearing composite membranes display outstanding water permeability at the 10−5 cm2 s−1 scale, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional polymeric membranes. Furthermore, the channel microenvironments including hydrophilicity and steric hindrance can be manipulated by a simple anion exchange strategy. In particular, through ionically associating light-responsive anions to cage windows, such ‘smart’ membrane can even perform graded molecular sieving. The emergence of these networked cage-nanofilms provides an avenue for developing bio-inspired ultrathin membranes toward smart separation.
Structural basis of ligand recognition and design of antihistamines targeting histamine H4 receptor
Authors: Xia Ruixue , Shi Shuang , Xu Zhenmei , Vischer Henry F. , Windhorst Albert D. , Qian Yu , Duan Yaning , Liang Jiale , Chen Kai , Zhang Anqi , Guo Changyou , Leurs Rob , He Yuanzheng
Published: March 2024

The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) plays key role in immune cell function and is a highly valued target for treating allergic and inflammatory diseases. However, structural information of H4R remains elusive. Here, we report four cryo-EM structures of H4R/Gi complexes, with either histamine or synthetic agonists clobenpropit, VUF6884 and clozapine bound. Combined with mutagenesis, ligand binding and functional assays, the structural data reveal a distinct ligand binding mode where D943.32 and a π-π network determine the orientation of the positively charged group of ligands, while E1825.46, located at the opposite end of the ligand binding pocket, plays a key role in regulating receptor activity. The structural insight into H4R ligand binding allows us to identify mutants at E1825.46 for which the agonist clobenpropit acts as an inverse agonist and to correctly predict inverse agonism of a closely related analog with nanomolar potency. Together with the findings regarding receptor activation and Gi engagement, we establish a framework for understanding H4R signaling and provide a rational basis for designing novel antihistamines targeting H4R.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates hyperuricemia in a novel model
Authors: Fu Yang , Chen Yong-Song , Xia Dai-Yang , Luo Xiao-Dan , Luo Hao-Tong , Pan Jie , Ma Wei-Qing , Li Jin-Ze , Mo Qian-Yuan , Tu Qiang , Li Meng-Meng , Zhao Yue , Li Yu , Huang Yi-Teng , Chen Zhi-Xian , Li Zhen-Jun , Bernard Lukuyu , Dione Michel , Zhang You-Ming , Miao Kai , Chen Jian-Ying , Zhu Shan-Shan , Ren Jie , Zhou Ling-Juan , Jiang Xian-Zhi , Chen Juan , Lin Zhen-Ping , Chen Jun-Peng , Ye Hui , Cao Qing-Yun , Zhu Yong-Wen , Yang Lin , Wang Xue , Wang Wen-Ce
Published: March 2024

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout, whether the microbiota could ameliorate HUA-associated systemic purine metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a novel model of HUA in geese and investigated the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could have beneficial effects on HUA. The administration of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were used in this HUA goose model. The effects of LGG and its metabolites on HUA were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Heterogeneous expression and gene knockout of LGG revealed the mechanism of LGG. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the Lactobacillus genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. This study showed that LGG and its metabolites could alleviate HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Whole-genome analysis, heterogeneous expression, and gene knockout of LGG enzymes ABC-type multidrug transport system (ABCT), inosine-uridine nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (iunH), and xanthine permease (pbuX) demonstrated the function of nucleoside degradation in LGG. Multi-omics and a correlation analysis in HUA patients and this goose model revealed that a serum proline deficiency, as well as changes in Collinsella and Lactobacillus, may be associated with the occurrence of HUA. Our findings demonstrated the potential of a goose model of diet-induced HUA, and LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA.
Levels of evidence for human system risk evaluation
Authors: Ward Jessica , Reynolds Robert J. , Connell Erin , Anton Wilma , Kabeel Avalon , Charvat Jacqueline M. , Nartey Nicholas , Marotta Kristina , Abukmail Ahmed , Buckland Dan M. , Van Baalen Mary , Antonsen Erik
Published: March 2024

NASA uses a continuous risk management process to seek out new knowledge of spaceflight-induced risk to human health and performance. The evidence base that informs the risk assessments in this domain is constantly changing as more information is gleaned from a continuous human presence in space and from ongoing research. However, the limitations of this evidence are difficult to characterize because fewer than 700 humans have ever flown in space, and information comes from a variety of sources that span disciplines, including engineering, medicine, food and nutrition, and many other life sciences. The Human System Risk Board (HSRB) at NASA is responsible for assessing risk to astronauts and communicating this risk to agency decision-makers. A critical part of that communication is conveying the uncertainty regarding the understanding of the changes that spaceflight induces in human processes and the complex interactions between humans and the spacecraft. Although the strength of evidence grades is common in the academic literature, these scores are often not useful for the problems of human spaceflight. The HSRB continues to update the processes used to report the levels of evidence. This paper describes recent updates to the methods used to assign the level of evidence scores to the official risk postures and to the causal diagrams used by the HSRB.
Open-top multisample dual-view light-sheet microscope for live imaging of large multicellular systems
Authors: Moos Franziska , Suppinger Simon , de Medeiros Gustavo , Oost Koen Cornelius , Boni Andrea , Rémy Camille , Weevers Sera Lotte , Tsiairis Charisios , Strnad Petr , Liberali Prisca
Published: March 2024

Multicellular systems grow over the course of weeks from single cells to tissues or even full organisms, making live imaging challenging. To bridge spatiotemporal scales, we present an open-top dual-view and dual-illumination light-sheet microscope dedicated to live imaging of large specimens at single-cell resolution. The configuration of objectives together with a customizable multiwell mounting system combines dual view with high-throughput multiposition imaging. We use this microscope to image a wide variety of samples and highlight its capabilities to gain quantitative single-cell information in large specimens such as mature intestinal organoids and gastruloids.
Global spatial dataset of mangrove genus distribution in seaward and riverine margins
Authors: Twomey Alice , Lovelock Catherine
Published: March 2024

Mangroves are nature-based solutions for coastal protection however their ability to attenuate waves and stabilise and accrete sediment varies with their species-specific architecture and frontal area. Hydrodynamic models are typically used to predict and assess the protection afforded by mangroves, but without species or genus distribution information, the results can be significantly different from reality. Data on the frontal genus of mangroves exposed to waves and tides can provide information that can be used in hydrodynamic models to more accurately forecast the protection benefit provided by mangroves. Globally, frontal species were identified from existing mangrove zonation diagrams to create a global mangrove genus distribution map. This dataset aims to improve the accuracy of hydrodynamic models. Data may be of interest to researchers in coastal engineering, marine science, wetland ecology and blue carbon.
The Arctic Plant Aboveground Biomass Synthesis Dataset
Authors: Berner Logan T. , Orndahl Kathleen M. , Rose Melissa , Tamstorf Mikkel , Arndal Marie F. , Alexander Heather D. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Loranty Michael M. , Ludwig Sarah M. , Nyman Johanna , Juutinen Sari , Aurela Mika , Happonen Konsta , Mikola Juha , Mack Michelle C. , Vankoughnett Mathew R. , Iversen Colleen M. , Salmon Verity G. , Yang Dedi , Kumar Jitendra , Grogan Paul , Danby Ryan K. , Scott Neal A. , Olofsson Johan , Siewert Matthias B. , Deschamps Lucas , Lévesque Esther , Maire Vincent , Morneault Amélie , Gauthier Gilles , Gignac Charles , Boudreau Stéphane , Gaspard Anna , Kholodov Alexander , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Greaves Heather E. , Walker Donald , Gregory Fiona M. , Michelsen Anders , Kumpula Timo , Villoslada Miguel , Ylänne Henni , Luoto Miska , Virtanen Tarmo , Forbes Bruce C. , Hölzel Norbert , Epstein Howard , Heim Ramona J. , Bunn Andrew , Holmes Robert M. , Hung Jacqueline K. Y. , Natali Susan M. , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Goetz Scott J.
Published: March 2024

Plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem attribute that is sensitive to rapid climatic changes occurring in the Arctic. Nevertheless, measuring plant biomass in the Arctic is logistically challenging and resource intensive. Lack of accessible field data hinders efforts to understand the amount, composition, distribution, and changes in plant biomass in these northern ecosystems. Here, we present The Arctic plant aboveground biomass synthesis dataset, which includes field measurements of lichen, bryophyte, herb, shrub, and/or tree aboveground biomass (g m−2) on 2,327 sample plots from 636 field sites in seven countries. We created the synthesis dataset by assembling and harmonizing 32 individual datasets. Aboveground biomass was primarily quantified by harvesting sample plots during mid- to late-summer, though tree and often tall shrub biomass were quantified using surveys and allometric models. Each biomass measurement is associated with metadata including sample date, location, method, data source, and other information. This unique dataset can be leveraged to monitor, map, and model plant biomass across the rapidly warming Arctic.
A longitudinal study on the effect of labor values on benign/malicious envy: the mindfulness reperceiving model
Authors: Zhang Qingji , Chao Xiaomei , Tu Yeman , Yao Shunyu , Quan Peng
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the relationship between labor values and two forms of envy—benign and malicious—as well as the potential mediating role of mindfulness using a mindfulness reperceiving model. Two thousand three hundred sixty three Chinese teenagers participated in a longitudinal study over an eight-month period, completing questionnaires measuring labor values, benign envy, malicious envy, and mindfulness. The cross-sectional data showed that labor values had an immediate negative effect on malicious envy, with mindfulness partially mediating this relationship. Additionally, labor values had an immediate positive effect on benign envy, but mindfulness did not mediate this relationship. Longitudinal data analysis revealed that the delayed effect of labor values on later benign/malicious envy was similar to its immediate effect. However, mindfulness only played a mediating role in the relationship between labor values and later malicious envy. Cross-gender stability was found in both the immediate effect model and the delayed effect model. Overall, this study sheds light on the influence of labor values on the development of social emotions and the potential mediating role of mindfulness in the Chinese cultural context.
Changes in landscape and climate in Mexico and Texas reveal small effects on migratory habitat of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus)
Authors: Diffendorfer Jay E. , Botello Francisco , Drummond Mark A. , Ancona Zach H. , Corro Lucila M. , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Ibsen Peter C. , Moreno-Sanchez Rafael , Lukens Laura , Sánchez-Cordero Victor
Published: March 2024

The decline of the iconic monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in North America has motivated research on the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) change and climate variability on monarch habitat and population dynamics. We investigated spring and fall trends in LULC, milkweed and nectar resources over a 20-year period, and ~ 30 years of climate variables in Mexico and Texas, U.S. This region supports spring breeding, and spring and fall migration during the annual life cycle of the monarch. We estimated a − 2.9% decline in milkweed in Texas, but little to no change in Mexico. Fall and spring nectar resources declined < 1% in both study extents. Vegetation greenness increased in the fall and spring in Mexico while the other climate variables did not change in both Mexico and Texas. Monarch habitat in Mexico and Texas appears relatively more intact than in the midwestern, agricultural landscapes of the U.S. Given the relatively modest observed changes in nectar and milkweed, the relatively stable climate conditions, and increased vegetation greenness in Mexico, it seems unlikely that habitat loss (quantity or quality) in Mexico and Texas has caused large declines in population size or survival during migration.
The tale of an endemic shrimp’s exceptional osmoregulation and the ancient Athalassic mangrove oasis
Authors: Giraldes Bruno W. , Boughattas Sonia , Benslimane Fatiha M. , Althani Asmaa A. , Schubart Christoph D. , Huber Carla S. R. , Utz Laura R. P. , Al-Khayat Jassim A. A. , Sadooni Fadhil N. , Amado Enelise M.
Published: March 2024

The hyperarid mangrove in the Middle East is characterised by the absence of rivers or freshwater inputs and is one of the most extreme settings of this ecosystem on Earth. Endemic to Qatar’s hyperarid mangroves, a Palaemon shrimp is uniquely confined to a sole mangrove site in the Arabian Gulf. Within these mangrove channels, we unveiled brine groundwater sources exceeding 70 ppt salinity, contrasting the local marine standard of 42 ppt. Concurrently, a mysid species typically linked to salt pans and groundwater coexists. Stable isotopic analysis implied the existence of a predator–prey dynamic between this mysid species and the studied shrimp. Then, investigating the endemic shrimp’s adaptation to extreme salinity, we conducted osmolarity experiments and phylogenetic studies. Our findings demonstrate that this shrimp transitions from hypo- to hyper-osmoregulation, tolerating salinities from 18 to 68 ppt—an unprecedented osmoregulatory capacity among caridean shrimps. This speciation pattern likely arises from the species osmolarity adaptation, as suggested for other Palaemon congeners. Phylogenetic analysis of the studied Palaemon, along with the mangrove’s geological history, suggests a profound evolutionary interplay between the ecosystem and the shrimp since the Eocene. This study proposes the hyperarid mangrove enclave as an Athalassic mangrove oasis—a distinctive, isolated ecosystem within the desert landscape.
GeSe ovonic threshold switch: the impact of functional layer thickness and device size
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Zhao Zihao , Song Zhitang , Zhu Min
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional phase change memory (3D PCM), possessing fast-speed, high-density and nonvolatility, has been successfully commercialized as storage class memory. A complete PCM device is composed of a memory cell and an associated ovonic threshold switch (OTS) device, which effectively resolves the leakage current issue in the crossbar array. The OTS materials are chalcogenide glasses consisting of chalcogens such as Te, Se and S as central elements, represented by GeTe6, GeSe and GeS. Among them, GeSe-based OTS materials are widely utilized in commercial 3D PCM, their scalability, however, has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we explore the miniaturization of GeSe OTS selector, including functional layer thickness scalability and device size scalability. The threshold switching voltage of the GeSe OTS device almost lineally decreases with the thinning of the thickness, whereas it hardly changes with the device size. This indicates that the threshold switching behavior is triggered by the electric field, and the threshold switching field of the GeSe OTS selector is approximately 105 V/μm, regardless of the change in film thickness or device size. Systematically analyzing the threshold switching field of Ge–S and Ge–Te OTSs, we find that the threshold switching field of the OTS device is larger than 75 V/μm, significantly higher than PCM devices (8.1–56 V/μm), such as traditional Ge2Sb2Te5, Ag–In–Sb–Te, etc. Moreover, the required electric field is highly correlated with the optical bandgap. Our findings not only serve to optimize GeSe-based OTS device, but also may pave the approach for exploring OTS materials in chalcogenide alloys.
Preponderance of generalized chain functions in reconstructed Boolean models of biological networks
Authors: Mitra Suchetana , Sil Priyotosh , Subbaroyan Ajay , Martin Olivier C. , Samal Areejit
Published: March 2024

Boolean networks (BNs) have been extensively used to model gene regulatory networks (GRNs). The dynamics of BNs depend on the network architecture and regulatory logic rules (Boolean functions (BFs)) associated with nodes. Nested canalyzing functions (NCFs) have been shown to be enriched among the BFs in the large-scale studies of reconstructed Boolean models. The central question we address here is whether that enrichment is due to certain sub-types of NCFs. We build on one sub-type of NCFs, the chain functions (or chain-0 functions) proposed by Gat-Viks and Shamir. First, we propose two other sub-types of NCFs, namely, the class of chain-1 functions and generalized chain functions, the union of the chain-0 and chain-1 types. Next, we find that the fraction of NCFs that are chain-0 (also holds for chain-1) functions decreases exponentially with the number of inputs. We provide analytical treatment for this and other observations on BFs. Then, by analyzing three different datasets of reconstructed Boolean models we find that generalized chain functions are significantly enriched within the NCFs. Lastly we illustrate that upon imposing the constraints of generalized chain functions on three different GRNs we are able to obtain biologically viable Boolean models.
Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: an in vitro analysis
Authors: Karačić Sabina , Palmer Brianne , Gee Carole T. , Bierbaum Gabriele
Published: March 2024

Biofilms are important in the natural process of plant tissue degradation. However, fundamental knowledge of biofilm community structure and succession on decaying leaves under different oxygen conditions is limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the composition, temporal dynamics, and community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal biofilms on decaying leaves in vitro. Leaves harvested from three plant species were immersed in lake water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in vitro for three weeks. Biofilm-covered leaf samples were collected weekly and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that community composition differed significantly between biofilm samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, though not among plant species. Over three weeks, a clear compositional shift of the bacterial and fungal biofilm communities was observed. The alpha diversity of prokaryotes increased over time in aerobic assays and decreased under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen availability and incubation time were found to be primary factors influencing the microbial diversity of biofilms on different decaying plant species in vitro. Null models suggest that stochastic processes governed the assembly of biofilm communities of decaying leaves in vitro in the early stages of biofilm formation and were further shaped by niche-associated factors.
Estimating actual SARS-CoV-2 infections from secondary data
Authors: Rauch Wolfgang , Schenk Hannes , Rauch Nikolaus , Harders Matthias , Oberacher Herbert , Insam Heribert , Markt Rudolf , Kreuzinger Norbert
Published: March 2024

Eminent in pandemic management is accurate information on infection dynamics to plan for timely installation of control measures and vaccination campaigns. Despite huge efforts in diagnostic testing of individuals, the underestimation of the actual number of SARS-CoV-2 infections remains significant due to the large number of undocumented cases. In this paper we demonstrate and compare three methods to estimate the dynamics of true infections based on secondary data i.e., (a) test positivity, (b) infection fatality and (c) wastewater monitoring. The concept is tested with Austrian data on a national basis for the period of April 2020 to December 2022. Further, we use the results of prevalence studies from the same period to generate (upper and lower bounds of) credible intervals for true infections for four data points. Model parameters are subsequently estimated by applying Approximate Bayesian Computation—rejection sampling and Genetic Algorithms. The method is then validated for the case study Vienna. We find that all three methods yield fairly similar results for estimating the true number of infections, which supports the idea that all three datasets contain similar baseline information. None of them is considered superior, as their advantages and shortcomings depend on the specific case study at hand.
A microbially produced AhR ligand promotes a Tph1-driven tolerogenic program in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zelante Teresa , Paolicelli Giuseppe , Fallarino Francesca , Gargaro Marco , Vascelli Gianluca , De Zuani Marco , Fric Jan , Laznickova Petra , Kohoutkova Marcela Hortova , Macchiarulo Antonio , Dolciami Daniela , Pieraccini Giuseppe , Gaetani Lorenzo , Scalisi Giulia , Trevisan Caterina , Frossi Barbara , Pucillo Carlo , De Luca Antonella , Nunzi Emilia , Spaccapelo Roberta , Pariano Marilena , Borghi Monica , Boscaro Francesca , Romoli Riccardo , Mancini Andrea , Gentili Lucia , Renga Giorgia , Costantini Claudio , Puccetti Matteo , Giovagnoli Stefano , Ricci Maurizio , Antonini Martina , Calabresi Paolo , Puccetti Paolo , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Romani Luigina
Published: March 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. While the significance of the gut microbiome on multiple sclerosis pathogenesis is established, the underlining mechanisms are unknown. We found that serum levels of the microbial postbiotic tryptophan metabolite indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) inversely correlated with disease duration in multiple sclerosis patients. Much like the host-derived tryptophan derivative l-Kynurenine, 3-IAld would bind and activate the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), which, in turn, controls endogenous tryptophan catabolic pathways. As a result, in peripheral lymph nodes, microbial 3-IAld, affected mast-cell tryptophan metabolism, forcing mast cells to produce serotonin via Tph1. We thus propose a protective role for AhR–mast-cell activation driven by the microbiome, whereby natural metabolites or postbiotics will have a physiological role in immune homeostasis and may act as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin independently predicts dialysis need and mortality in critical COVID-19
Authors: Engström Jonas , Koozi Hazem , Didriksson Ingrid , Larsson Anders , Friberg Hans , Frigyesi Attila , Spångfors Martin
Published: March 2024

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel kidney injury and inflammation biomarker. We investigated whether NGAL could be used to predict continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and mortality in critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This prospective multicenter cohort study included adult COVID-19 patients in six intensive care units (ICUs) in Sweden between May 11, 2020 and May 10, 2021. Blood was sampled at admission, days two and seven in the ICU. The samples were batch analyzed for NGAL, creatinine, and cystatin c after the end of the study period. Initiation of CRRT and 90-day survival were used as dependent variables in regression models. Of 498 included patients, 494 were analyzed regarding CRRT and 399 were analyzed regarding survival. Seventy patients received CRRT and 154 patients did not survive past 90 days. NGAL, in combination with creatinine and cystatin c, predicted the subsequent initiation of CRRT with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95. For mortality, NGAL, in combination with age and sex, had an AUC of 0.83. In conclusion, NGAL is a valuable biomarker for predicting subsequent initiation of CRRT and 90-day mortality in critical COVID-19. NGAL should be considered when developing future clinical scoring systems.
Modulation of the northward penetration of Antarctica intermediate waters into the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean under glacial and interglacial conditions
Authors: Le Houedec Sandrine , Tremblin Maxime , Champion Amaury , Samankassou Elias
Published: March 2024

The Indo-Pacific warm pool is the warmest and most dynamic ocean–atmosphere-climate system on Earth and was subject to significant climate changes during the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial transitions. This has been shown to significantly affected the strength of surface waters that redistribute heat from the tropics to the southern part of the Indian Ocean. Here we investigate the response of the oceanic circulation at intermediate depth (1200 m) of the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) with neodymium (Nd) isotopes in the context of the climatic oscillation of the last 500 ka. The most striking feature of our new dataset is the seesaw Nd record that mimics glacial-interglacial cycles. While the interglacial periods are characterized by a higher contribution of the less radiogenic neodymium (~ − 7εNd) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), the glacial periods are characterized by more radiogenic water mass of Pacific origin (~ − 5εNd). To explain the increase in the εNd signature toward a more radiogenic signature as the Indo-Pacific connection is reduced under the low sea level of the glacial periods, we show that under global cooling, the AAIW advances northward into the tropics, which is a consequence of the general slowdown of the thermohaline circulation. Therefore, oceanic mixing at intermediate depth in the eastern tropical Indian intermediate water is modulated by the production rate of the AAIW in the Southern Ocean. Our study provides new evidence for the role that changes in the deep oceanic conditions play in amplifying externally forced climate changes that ultimately lead to drier/moister atmospheric conditions and weaker/stronger monsoons during glacial/interglacial periods over eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
Porphyrin-containing conjugated microporous polymers with gradient asymmetric design for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Zheng Kunpeng , Wang Maorong , Wang Binbin , Wang Meilong , Wang Zhong , Long Xiaojing
Published: March 2024

Gradient asymmetry is employed to design metal-free polymer electrocatalysts. The superior activity of the highly asymmetric PPA-BN is attributed to the abundant active sites and adequate oxygen intermediate adsorption by local charge distribution.
Nanoristors: highly uniform, sub-500-millivolt, large-scale, and robust molybdenum disulfide nanograined memristors
Authors: Woo Gunhoo , Kim Hyeong-U , Jang Byung Chul , Naqi Muhammad , Hong Seongin , Bala Arindam , Kang Seunghun , Kim Yunseok , Kim Sunkook , Kim Taesung , Kim Jae-Joon , Yoo Hocheon
Published: March 2024

Highly robust and uniform quality memristor devices are proposed using PECVD-grown nanograin MoS2 layers.
Construction of intimate Lewis acid and basic sites on an Al2O3–NC composite catalyst with enhanced performance in transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Zhang Peng , Bai Lele , Wang Yao , Sun Zhichao , Liu Ying-Ya , Wang Anjie
Published: March 2024

The concerted function of acidic and basic sites leads to enhanced catalytic performance in transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.
In situ electrochemically activated V2O3@MXene cathode for a super high-rate and long-life Zn-ion battery
Authors: Duan Yunlong , Geng Zhi , Zhang Daohong , Wang Qiufan
Published: March 2024

An in situ electrochemically oxidized cathode is fabricated based on a V2O3@MXene cathode for Zn-ion storage, which delivered a high capacity of 450 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 as well as ultra-high-rate performance and cycling stability.
Probing the influence of crosslinkers on the properties, response, and degradation of enzymatic hydrogels for electrochemical glucose biosensing through fluorescence analysis
Authors: Diaz-Gonzalez Jancarlo , Arriaga L. G. , Casanova-Moreno Jannu R.
Published: March 2024

The combination of microscopy, spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques reveals crosslinker effects in enzymatic hydrogels and allows probing for a possible degradation mechanism of these gels.
Vibrational spectroscopy and dissociation dynamics of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Roy Tarun Kumar , Qian Yujie , Karlsson Elizabeth , Rabayah Rawan , Sojdak Christopher A. , Kozlowski Marisa C. , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Lester Marsha I.
Published: March 2024

Vibrational spectroscopy and dissociation dynamics of a prototypical cyclic hydroperoxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide has been studied using a combination of synthesis, spectroscopy, and theoretical methods.
Cardiotoxic effects of common and emerging drugs: role of cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Bo Yiming , Zhao Xin , Li Liliang
Published: March 2024

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity has become one of the most common and detrimental health concerns, which causes significant loss to public health and drug resources. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have recently achieved great attention for their vital roles in the regulation of heart health and disease, with mounting evidence linking CBRs with the pathogenesis and progression of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. This review aims to summarize fundamental characteristics of two well-documented CBRs (CB1R and CB2R) from aspects of molecular structure, signaling and their functions in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, we describe the roles of CB1R and CB2R in the occurrence of cardiotoxicity induced by common drugs such as antipsychotics, anti-cancer drugs, marijuana, and some emerging synthetic cannabinoids. We highlight the ‘yin-yang’ relationship between CB1R and CB2R in drug-induced cardiotoxicity and propose future perspectives for CBR-based translational medicine toward cardiotoxicity curation and clinical monitoring.
Automatic measurement of slug flow processes from in‐line videos
Authors: Qian Yanjun , Hulsizer Joel , Mou Mingyao , Vega Zambrano Consuelo , Smith Ema , Jiang Mo
Published: March 2024

Slug flow processes draw much attention in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing thanks to their ability to eliminate downtime costs and batch‐to‐batch variation. Using in‐line video can monitor the current process status and improve the stability of the slug flow. However, there are no effective image processing methods aiming at such videos from chemical experiments due to limited training sample size and the variety of experimental settings. The paper proposes a training‐free method to automatically detect and measure the slugs from in‐line videos. Multiple image features are fused to identify the slug shapes under various lighting conditions, a six‐point model is fitted to achieve better volume estimation, and a consistency score is estimated to quantify the detection uncertainty. The proposed algorithm achieves similar results to manual labeling for various types of slug flow processes, improving the accuracy of slug column estimation by a large margin compared to the existing automatic methods. Finally, using it to monitor the slug flow process's stability and the change of the slug volume in an injection point are demonstrated. The method not only shows that handcrafted image features have the capability for detection and segmentation from chemical experiment images but also paves the road for a training‐based algorithm for the task.
CO outflows from young stars in the NGC2023 cluster
Authors: Sandell G. , Mookerjea B. , Güsten R.
Published: March 2024

Context. Young early-type HAeBe stars are still embedded in the molecular clouds in which they formed. They illuminate reflection nebulae, which shape the surrounding molecular cloud and may trigger star formation. They are therefore ideal places to search for ongoing star formation activity.

Aims. NGC 2023 is illuminated by the Herbig Be star HD 37903. It is the most massive member of a small young cluster with about 30 PMS stars, several of which are Class I objects that still heavily accrete. It might therefore be expected that they might drive molecular outflows. We examined the whole region for outflows.

Methods. We analyzed previously published APEX data to search for and characterize the outflows in the NGC 2023 region. This is the first systematic search for molecular outflows in this region. Since the outflows were mapped in several CO transitions, we can determine their properties quite well.

Results. We have discovered four molecular outflows in the vicinity of NGC 2023, three of which are associated with Class I objects. MIR-63, a bright mid-infrared and submillimeter Class I source, is a binary with a separation of 2″.4 and drives two bipolar outflows orthogonal to each other. The large southeast–northwest outflow excites the Herbig-Haro flow HH 247. MIR-73, a Class I object, which is also a far-infrared source, drives a pole-on outflow. MIR-62 is a Class II object with strong infrared excess and a luminosity of 7 L⊙. It is not detected in the far-infrared. The Class I sources have bolometric luminosities of about 20 L⊙ or lower, that is, they are all low-mass stars. One other far-infrared source, MIR-75, may have powered an outflow in the past because it now illuminates an egg-shaped cavity.

Conclusions. The four outflows are all powered by young stars and are located in the immediate vicinity of NGC 2023. They are at a similar evolutionary stage, which suggests that their formation may have been triggered by the expanding C II region.
Radio outburst from a massive (proto)star
Authors: Cesaroni R. , Moscadelli L. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Eislöffel J. , Fedriani R. , Neri R. , Ray T. , Sanna A. , Stecklum B.
Published: March 2024

We report new Very Large Array high-resolution observations of the radio jet from the outbursting high-mass star S255IR NIRS 3. The images at 6, 10, and 22.2 GHz confirm the existence of a new lobe emerging to the SW and expanding at a mean speed of ∼285 km s−1, about half as fast as the NE lobe. The new data allow us to reproduce both the morphology and the continuum spectrum of the two lobes with the model already adopted in our previous studies. We conclude that in all likelihood both lobes are powered by the same accretion outburst. We also find that the jet is currently fading down, recollimating, and recombining.
Aspects of use and features of the predatorymite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans, 1952) (Mesostigmata: family Phytoseiidae, subfamily. Amblyseiinae) in comparison to N. californicus
Authors: Meshkov Yury I. , Glinushkin Alexey P. , Stepanova Eugenia V. , Zakharov Dmitry A. , Sidorov Ilya I. , Semenova Natalia A. , Akimova Svetlana V. , Yanykin Denis V. , Paskhin Mark O.
Published: March 2024

The predatory mite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans, 1952) isused as a specialized acariphage on vegetable, flower and berry crops inAsia. In protected ground of European agriculture, N. californicus is one ofthe effective predators of spider mites (Tetranychidae). The periodicity ofattacks on the victim depends on the temperature. The predator prefers tohunt immature individuals of T. urticae, often ignoring adult female spidermites if there is a choice. N. longispinosus does not show preferencebetween eggs and T. urticae nymphs. However, as the density of the spidermite population increases, the predatory mite switches its diet from theeggs to its larvae and nymphs. Adult females of N. californicus exhibit atype 2 functional response to both eggs and T. urticae nymphs. Pyrethroidand avermectin substances are highly toxic to predator populations, despitelow acute toxicity of many other insecticides (Actara, Envidor, etc.).
Statistical analysis of forest machines ergonomic parameters
Authors: Sokolov Anton , Seliverstov Alexander , Sukhanov Yuri
Published: March 2024

The main technology currently used in wood harvesting in Russia is the cut-to-length technology (CTL) based on the use of two machine types: harvesters and forwarders. Powerful and manoeuvrable hydraulic manipulators (cranes) are a main part of the equipment of both the harvester and the forwarder. A statistical analysis of ergonomic parameters of the manipulator control system equipped with partial automation option is described in this article. Two machines were studied in natural field conditions. Differences in the frequency and duration of telescopic extension boom control activations were identified. The distributions of the extension boom use parameters for the crane of the logging machines were defined. It can be used to build various models for the analysis of promising crane design solutions. It is determined that the duration of the rocker switch single press has a log-normal distribution and the period between switch activations has an exponential distribution.
Biological study of gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunb.) Makino
Authors: Kodirov Nizomiddin , Galiakhmetova Elvira , Nizamova Alfina , Kudashkina Natalya , Galiakhmetova Renata , Rashitovna Svetlana
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the pharmacognostic study of the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the Gynostemma herb have been established. A quantitative assessment of diagnostically significant signs was carried out using a microscopic method. Using various analytical methods of phytochemical analysis, the quantitative content of the main groups of biological active substances was determined: tannins, ascorbic acid, free organic acids, polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids. A high content of biologically active substances (saponins and flavonoids), which are pharmacologically active components the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum, was revealed.
Analysis of changes in moisture levels in broccoli during long-term storage
Authors: Shvetsova Svetlana
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the effect of long-term storage on the moisture content of broccoli. To determine the effect of the long-term storage process on the moisture content of broccoli, this study analyzed the moisture content of several batches of broccoli before and after the long-term storage stage. The measurement was carried out using the method of drying to constant weight at a temperature of 105 °C. The measurement was carried out in three batches of broccoli collected from different agricultural fields. The results obtained allow us to evaluate the level of influence of long-term storage on the change in the % moisture content of broccoli. The results of the study are relevant for further research in the field of improving the quality and environmental friendliness of agricultural products, including through the optimization of long-term storage processes, and can also be used in conducting broader research in the field of agriculture and ecology.
Geospatial conditions of landslide formation on the territory of Sakhalin Island
Authors: Rybalchenko S.V.
Published: March 2024

The paper considers the conditions for the formation of landslide-prone areas of Sakhalin Island, the intensity of development and the main characteristics of landslides of various types common on the territory of Sakhalin Island. Sakhalin Island, determined by the geospatial location of the territory. It is due to the geospatial location of the territory as a result of the tectonic and geological history of its development that the present relief, in addition to extensive sedimentation basins, is represented by steeply sloping erosion-denudation and abrasion forms of macro and mesorelief with high potential energy, overlain by layered significantly dislocated and structurally disturbed terrigenous strata represented by relatively weak rocks, the accumulation of which occurred as a result of cyclic sedimentation. The tectonic and accompanying seismic activity, as well as the geologic history of the terrane formation, have led to the formation of complex engineering, geological, and hydrogeological conditions of the territory. Furthermore, the marginal position of the region determines its monsoon climate with high cyclonic activity, leading to a general high moisture content of the territory and activation of exogenous processes. Thus, due to the geospatial position of Sakhalin in the transition zone, a whole complex of natural factors of landslide formation was formed in the territory, including global factors (tectonic, climatic) and their subordinate determinants, as well as secondary (trigger) factors (geomorphologic, geological, hydrogeological, seismic), contributing to the widespread development of modern active landslides of different scales, characteristics, as well as types of landslide process and mechanism of mountain displacement.
Changes in the hydrological regime and Climatic variability assessment within the Belaya River catchment, Russia
Authors: Tarakanov Denis , Elizaryev Alexey , Fashchevskaya Tatyana , Khasanov Ilmir , Mikhailov Stepan
Published: March 2024

The trends of changes in the indicators of the hydrological regime and climatic variability in the catchment area of the Belaya River were assessed. Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator at 8 out of 10 (80%) in the considered posts showed the presence of a positive trend in changes in the average monthly values of streamflow. At the same time, meteorological data sets at 19 of 34 (56%) observation stations have a positive trend of changes in the average monthly precipitation and temperature.
Impact of anthropogenic factor on changes in physical and chemical properties of chernozems in the lake Sevan basin of the republic of Armenia
Authors: Kroyan Samvel , Tovmasyan Suren , Margaryan Anush
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the study of changes in the physical and chemical composition of mountain chernozems of the Republic of Armenia under the influence of an anthropogenic factor. It is established that under long-term and unsystematic agricultural use of chernozems in arable variants of soils, in comparison with virgin soil, significant changes in their physical and chemical properties are observed. Especially, absorption capacity decreases as a result of reduction of such important bases as absorbed calcium and magnesium. To improve the physical and chemical properties, increase fertility, effective use, and protection of mountain chernozems of the Lake Sevan basin of the Republic of Armenia, it is necessary to develop and apply a complete scientifically substantiated system of agrotechnical measures.