bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of compression relaxation time of silicon rubber using optical method
Authors: Hidayat W , Prasetyo E , Marzuki A , Yanuar H P , Setyawan A
Published: October 2020

When rubber is subjected to a load, deformation will occur. Microscopically, the rubber bond structure is transformed from one equilibrium corresponds to the unloaded rubber that corresponds to the loaded rubber. As with any other transformation process, this process will take time. This paper experimentally demonstrates the relaxation time dependence on the mass of load observed at a constant temperature. The experiment was carried out by inserting the fiber sensor was into a silicon rubber bar. As the rubber bar was loaded, the intensity of light coming out of the fiber decreases exponentially with time. It is shown that the relaxation time increases with the increase of mass loaded on the fiber. By knowing this, the results of the fiber sensor can be adjusted according to the time-based review of rubber deformation.
Chemically induced demulsification of water in crude oil emulsion from East Kalimantan oil fields
Authors: Gustianthy A P , Febriantini D , Purnomo B , Muzayanha S U , Noverdi R
Published: October 2020

The application of demulsifiers on dewatering of crude oil emulsions from East Kalimantan oil fields is reported in this work. Two types of experiment were conducted: the bottle test in which emulsion resolution was carried out after demulsification process within the time intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120 and 180 min at temperature of 40 °C followed by the appearance of separated aqueous layer, and identification of variety of fractions or compounds in crude oils that promote and stabilize these emulsions. Demulsification was successfully obtained by adding PT Pertamina (Persero)’s commercial demulsifier series of Pertadem B-02 and Pertadem B-06. Pertadem B-02 is the best candidate for destabilizing water in oil emulsions. The optimal percentage demulsification efficiency (DE) achieved by Pertadem B-02 was 100% with just concentration of 18 ppm for field A and 97% for field B. Moreover, demulsification activities in the water in oil emulsions by Pertadem B-02 were faster compared to Pertadem B-06. Fractions identifications showed emulsifying agents in crude oil of Field A that promote very unstable emulsions compared to crude oil of Field B from East Kalimantan.
Synthesis of nanocomposites cellulose-Fe3O4/ZnO as novel green catalyst for biodiesel production from coconut oil
Authors: Azahra S N A R , Helmiyati
Published: October 2020

Cellulose-Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized. This process was supported by characterization using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Mapping (SEM-Mapping) instruments. The successfully synthesized-nanocomposites then were tested for a catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction to form biodiesel. The results of the biodiesel production were characterized using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest conversion of coconut oil into biodiesel was 90.6%, with a catalyst amount of 0.6% wt and a 120 minutes reaction time. The biodiesel production using GC-MS shows that the most formed-methyl esters are dodecanoic acid methyl esters (lauric acid methyl esters). The use of cellulose as a catalyst support by combining Fe3O4/ZnO composites is very promising to be a green catalyst in the reaction of biodiesel production.
Adsorption capability for Congo Red on exfoliated graphene-decorated CoFe2O4 nanocomposite: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and recyclability studies
Authors: Tan L V , Hong-Tham N T , Thinh P V
Published: October 2020

In the present work, we investigated kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption process of EG@CoFe2O4 adsorbent toward Congo Red dye in aqueous solution. Four kinetic models (pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, and Bangham) and four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich) were estimated elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Current results show that the pseudo second-order model is the most appropriate kinetics for the adsorption and that the monolayer behavior (Langmuir model), rather than multilayer behavior (Freundlich equation), is more suitable to describe the adsorption. The adsorption process was confirmed to be endothermic and spontaneous via thermodynamic study. On the other hand, via Boehm’s titration we confirmed that EG@CoFe2O4 can contain functional groups (carboxylic, phenolic, laconic groups and basic groups) with the respective amount of 0.020, 0.044, 0.032, and 0.156 mmol/g. The EG@CoFe2O4 showed high maximum adsorption capacity (98.60mg/g), and good recyclability.
Formulation of the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil-based eco-friendly diffuse solution
Authors: Ngan T T K , Hien T T , Danh P H , Nhan L T H , Tien L X
Published: October 2020

One of the most challenging issues associated with the use of artificial scent is the harmful effects not always visible to the eyes. To meet the growing consumer demand for the natural active ingredients of household products, the team looked for new, rich ingredients that have ample amount of compound that create scents and exhibit high antibacterial activities. The main objective of this study was to formulate a diffused product by replacing the harmful synthetic ingredients with safe natural ingredients. After applying the hydrodistillation method for the extraction process, lemongrass essential oil obtained with optimum efficiency of 0.29%. The process and formula of diffused products are optimized through the process of influencing parameters such as platform oil, emulsifier, solvent, Tween 80 and essential oil. The results indicate that lemongrass essential oil can be used as an eco-friendly alternative, which can add up the aromatic and deodorizing properties to the synthesized fragrance. The research into the application of lemongrass essential oils in many products will provide insight into the potential development of essential oils in the field of home care products.
Study on the formula to produce shampoo derived from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf.) essential oil
Authors: Hien T T , Nhut P T , Bach L G , Nhan N P T , Nhan L T H
Published: October 2020

Facing the proliferation of unnatural fragrance personal care products by their convenience and affordability. However, facing the immediate benefits is the insecurity of prolonged exposure to odors, the vast majority of which may exceed the allowable or unknown uses. Therefore, we research the production process of shampoos derived from natural essential oils. In this study, we use lemongrass oil originating from Tan Phu Dong commune, Tien Giang province to conduct steam distillation with optimum efficiency of 0.29%. The general formula for making a shampoo product is based on basic factors such as detergent, humectant, foaming agent, etc. The product evaluation is based on the results of the assessment of foaming ability, degree foam stability, and product stability under different storage conditions. Results showed that shampoo products derived from lemongrass oil gave good evaluation results, scalable, and developed to conduct commercialization.
The effect of chemical refining process on the physicochemical and fatty acid composition of water melon seed oil (Citrulus lanatus L.)
Authors: Soetjipto H , Septiyarini C P , Hartini S
Published: October 2020

A lot of watermelon seed waste is wasted, generally its only used to make “kuaci”, a kind of salted saline a snack made from watermelon seeds. As a member of Cucurbitaceae family, watermelon seeds can be used as a source of vegetable oil that predicted contains squalene inside like other Cucurbitaceae members. This study aims to determine the effect of refining process on the physicochemical properties and composition watermelon seed oil. Watermelon seed oil which is obtained by using Soxhlet extractor in n-hexane solvent was refined in 3 steps, which was degumming, neutralization, and bleaching, respectively. Degumming process used 3 concentrations of H3PO4, which were 0,15%; 0,20%; and 0,25%, respectively; whereas 3 zeolit concentrations of 2%; 4%; and 8%, respectively were used in bleaching steps. Data were analyzed by using 3x3 Factorial design and it was laid out with Randomized Completely Block Design, 3 replications and as the block is time analysis. The optimum yield of the watermelon (C. lanatus L.) seed oil is obtained in the amount of 48.47±0.91 % at 0.25% phosphoric acid concentration and 4% Zeolite concentration. The result of physicochemical analysis before and after the refining process have changed. The density, peroxide value and acid value show a significantly decrease, while only the saponification value shows an increase. Fatty acid composition (profile) of WSO before and after refining process does not change, comprises linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and squalene (unsaturated hydrocarbon). Linoleic acid is the main compound of WSO (76.69%), followed by palmitic acid (14.60%), stearic acid (6.53%) and squalene (2.18%), respectively.
Optimization infusion condition on flavonoid and antioxidant activity of herb beverages using response surface methodology
Authors: Martono Y , Muninggar J
Published: October 2020

Herbs have potential to be developed as functional beverages to reduce the risk of Covid-19 infection. One of herb ready to serve form is brewed in a bag. This study optimizes the conditions for herb beverages infusion in a silk bag based on their flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Optimization is completed using the Response Surface Methodology with 33 Central Composite Design models. As the factor X1 is the mass of the herbs in the bag, X2 is the infusion frequency and X3 is the steeping time. Each factor consists of 3 levels. The flavonoid content was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity was measured based on the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. The results of this study indicate that the optimal condition is achieved in the herb mass of 1.2 g with an infusion frequency of 18 times and steeping time for 15 minutes. Flavonoids content and antioxidant activity in herb beverages at optimal infusion conditions were 942,353 μg QE / mL (117.79 mg QE / g) and 83.06%, respectively.
Synthesis of poly pyridine-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (PMEOA) as a metal mixture carrier
Authors: Djunaidi M C , Cahyono H , Ismiyarto  , Siswanta D , Jumina
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of poly pyridin-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (poly (PMEOA)) as a metal mixture carrier by BLM (Bulk Liquid Membrane) method has been conducted. The synthesis began with the conversion of eugenol to acid followed by the synthesis of pyridin-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (PMEOA) ester. The monomer synthesis results were characterized by FTIR and GC-MS along with NMR. Polymerization of the ester produced poly (PMEOA). The resulting polymer was characterized using FTIR and NMR. Both of the synthesis products (monomers and polymers) were tested for their selectivity towards metal mixtures with Bulk Liquid Membrane Method (BLM) extraction. The results obtained show the difference in selectivity and effectiveness of its extraction ability. Mainly in the improvement of the heavy metal ions transport effectiveness resulted by the use of poly (PMEOA).
Multiplex Detection of Clinically Relevant Mutations in Liquid Biopsies of Cancer Patients Using a Hybridization-Based Platform
Authors: Giménez-Capitán Ana , Bracht Jillian , García Juan José , Jordana-Ariza Núria , García Beatriz , Garzón Mónica , Mayo-de-las-Casas Clara , Viteri-Ramirez Santiago , Martinez-Bueno Alejandro , Aguilar Andrés , Sullivan Ivana-Gabriela , Johnson Eric , Huang Chung-Ying , Gerlach Jay L , Warren Sarah , Beechem Joseph M , Teixidó Cristina , Rosell Rafael , Reguart Noemí , Molina-Vila Miguel A
Published: October 2020

Background

With the advent of precision oncology, liquid biopsies are quickly gaining acceptance in the clinical setting. However, in some cases, the amount of DNA isolated is insufficient for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The nCounter platform could be an alternative, but it has never been explored for detection of clinically relevant alterations in fluids.

Methods

Circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) was purified from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites of patients with cancer and analyzed with the nCounter 3 D Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) Solid Tumor Panel, which allows for detection of 97 driver mutations in 24 genes.

Results

Validation experiments revealed that the nCounter SNV panel could detect mutations at allelic fractions of 0.02–2% in samples with ≥5 pg mutant DNA/µL. In a retrospective analysis of 70 cfDNAs from patients with cancer, the panel successfully detected EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and NRAS mutations when compared with previous genotyping in the same liquid biopsies and paired tumor tissues [Cohen kappa of 0.96 (CI = 0.92–1.00) and 0.90 (CI = 0.74–1.00), respectively]. In a prospective study including 91 liquid biopsies from patients with different malignancies, 90 yielded valid results with the SNV panel and mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, TP53, NFE2L2, CTNNB1, ALK, FBXW7, and PTEN were found. Finally, serial liquid biopsies from a patient with NSCLC revealed that the semiquantitative results of the mutation analysis by the SNV panel correlated with the evolution of the disease.

Conclusions

The nCounter platform requires less DNA than NGS and can be employed for routine mutation testing in liquid biopsies of patients with cancer.
The Dowsing Debate: Water, Science and Colonialism in German Southwest Africa*
Authors: Kalb Martin
Published: October 2020

The dowsing debate in Imperial Germany and its role in the solution to the ‘water question’ in German Southwest Africa is a window on the three principal themes of this article: environmental challenges, imperial fantasies and the fluidity of epistemologies. First, the water question, as contemporaries termed it, was a significant concern in German Southwest Africa, and discussions of divination illustrate its centrality in the development of Germany’s first and only settler colony. Secondly, the main protagonist, district administrator and dowser Rafael Perfecto von Uslar, and his role in the search for water sources in German Southwest Africa capture the limits of German colonial control. Von Uslar stepped into a vacuum created by German ethnocentrism and its dismissive colonial gaze. Finally, the resurgence of divination, a folk tradition many believed existed only outside the sciences, blurred the line between objective scientific knowledge and superstition within the German Empire—all the while silencing local African expertise.
A state-of-art method for solar irradiance forecast via using fisheye lens
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Yangluxi
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this investigation is to enable the solar irradiance forecast function implementing a common camera devise instead of specialized instrument thereby serve for other researches. Development of various simulated tools requires higher accuracy surrounding weather condition data. Previous studies mainly focus on the improvement of precision for professional monitor equipment i.e. total sky imager, which is limited to the scope of users. In this research, a fisheye lens graph is rectified following a particular algorithm based on the image forming principle. Moreover, solar irradiance prediction adopts the advanced BP neutral network method being proved to be valid. Final results indicate that after rectifying the special perspective images under fisheye direction, colour threshold configuration could remarkably recognize the cloud image. The conclusion shows that common camera fisheye lens coupled with BP neural network successfully predict the solar irradiance.
Unstable Loci in Flag Varieties and Variation of Quotients
Authors: Seppänen Henrik , Tsanov Valdemar V
Published: October 2020

We consider the action of a semisimple subgroup $\hat{G}$ of a semisimple complex group $G$ on the flag variety $X=G/B$ and the linearizations of this action by line bundles $\mathcal L$ on $X$. We give an explicit description of the associated unstable locus in dependence of $\mathcal L$, as well as a formula for its (co)dimension. We observe that the codimension is equal to 1 on the regular boundary of the $\hat{G}$-ample cone and grows towards the interior in steps by 1, in a way that the line bundles with unstable locus of codimension at least $q$ form a convex polyhedral cone. We also give a description and a recursive algorithm for determining all GIT-classes in the $\hat{G}$-ample cone of $X$. As an application, we give conditions ensuring the existence of GIT-classes $C$ with an unstable locus of codimension at least two and which moreover yield geometric GIT quotients. Such quotients $Y_C$ reflect global information on $\hat{G}$-invariants. They are always Mori dream spaces, and the Mori chambers of the pseudoeffective cone $\overline{\textrm{Eff}}(Y_C)$ correspond to the GIT chambers of the $\hat{G}$-ample cone of $X$. Moreover, all rational contractions $f: Y_{C} \ \scriptsize{-}\scriptsize{-}{\scriptsize{-}\kern-5pt\scriptsize{>}}\ Y^{\prime}$ to normal projective varieties $Y^{\prime}$ are induced by GIT from linearizations of the action of $\hat{G}$ on $X$. In particular, this is shown to hold for a diagonal embedding $\hat{G} \hookrightarrow (\hat{G})^k$, with sufficiently large $k$.
The Governance of Covid-19: Anthropogenic Risk, Evolutionary Learning, and the Future of the Social State
Authors: Deakin Simon , Meng Gaofeng
Published: October 2020

We consider the implications of the Covid-19 crisis for the theory and practice of governance. We define ‘governance’ as the process through which, in the case of a given entity or polity, resources are allocated, decisions made and policies implemented, with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of its operations in the face of risks in its environment. Core to this, we argue, is the organisation of knowledge through public institutions, including the legal system. Covid-19 poses a particular type of ‘Anthropogenic’ risk, which arises when organised human activity triggers feedback effects from the natural environment. As such it requires the concerted mobilisation of knowledge and a directed response from governments and international agencies. In this context, neoliberal theories and practices, which emphasise the self-adjusting properties of systems of governance in response to external shocks, are going to be put to the test. In states’ varied responses to Covid-19 to date, it is already possible to observe some trends. One of them is the widespread mischaracterisation of the measures taken to address the epidemic at the point of its emergence in the Chinese city of Wuhan in January and February 2020. Public health measures of this kind, rather than constituting a ‘state of exception’ in which legality is set aside, are informed by practices which originated in the welfare or social states of industrialised countries, and which were successful in achieving a ‘mortality revolution’ in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relearning this history would seem to be essential for the future control of pandemics and other Anthropogenic risks.
The design and evaluation of a novel algorithm for automated preference card optimization
Authors: Scheinker David , Hollingsworth Matt , Brody Anna , Phelps Carey , Bryant William , Pei Francesca , Petersen Kristin , Reddy Alekhya , Wall James
Published: October 2020

Background

Inaccurate surgical preference cards (supply lists) are associated with higher direct costs, waste, and delays. Numerous preference card improvement projects have relied on institution-specific, manual approaches of limited reproducibility. We developed and tested an algorithm to facilitate the first automated, informatics-based, fully reproducible approach.

Methods

The algorithm cross-references the supplies used in each procedure and listed on each preference card and uses a time-series regression to estimate the likelihood that each quantity listed on the preference card is inaccurate. Algorithm performance was evaluated by measuring changes in direct costs between preference cards revised with the algorithm and preference cards that were not revised or revised without use of the algorithm. Results were evaluated with a difference-in-differences (DID) multivariate fixed-effects model of costs during an 8-month pre-intervention and a 15-month post-intervention period.

Results

The accuracies of the quantities of 469 155 surgeon–procedure-specific items were estimated. Nurses used these estimates to revise 309 preference cards across eight surgical services corresponding to, respectively, 1777 and 3106 procedures in the pre- and post-intervention periods. The average direct cost of supplies per case decreased by 8.38% ($352, SD $6622) for the intervention group and increased by 13.21% ($405, SD $14 706) for the control group (P < .001). The DID analysis showed significant cost reductions only in the intervention group during the intervention period (P < .001).

Conclusion

The optimization of preference cards with a variety of institution-specific, manually intensive approaches has led to cost savings. The automated algorithm presented here produced similar results that may be more readily reproducible.
Characteristics of Marjolin’s Ulcers in 21st Century: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Surgical Guideline Recommendation
Authors: Burusapat Chairat , Wanichjaroen Nutthapong , Wongprakob Nuttadon , Satayasoontorn Kantang
Published: October 2020

Marjolin’s ulcer is rare and aggressive malignancy. The objective was to conduct a review of Marjolin’s ulcer cases to gain a better understanding and its management. A retrospective study of patients with Marjolin’s ulcers at our hospital between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. For the systematic review, the electronic database of the National Library of Medicine was searched and articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included. A total of 14 patients were included in the retrospective study. Twelve patients were male. The mean age was 59.71 years. The latency period was 27.78 years. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma, and 71.43% had developed on the lower extremities. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas occurred in 38.46% of the cases Rates of lymphovascular and perineural invasion were 30.77 and 23.08%, respectively. Results from the literature search yielded 80 case reports (91 cases) and 42 retrospective reviews (1216 cases). Most cases were male and the most common location was lower extremities. The latency period for the acute and chronic periods was 2.75 months and 20.75 years, respectively. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (92.27% in the retrospective reviews) and 59.98% of the cases exhibited well-differentiation. Rates of regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases were 10.20 and 12.09%, respectively. Marjolin’s ulcer in 21st century is not so rare. The most common is well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Early flap surgery or skin grafts for chronic ulcers or burn scars are recommended to reduce risk. Guideline for surgical management is established.
Comparison Between Two Strategies of Topical Treatment in Tar Burn: A Case Report
Authors: Hohl Diogo Hummel , Coltro Pedro Soler , Gonçalves Henrique Ovidio Coraspe , Silva Gabriel Maziero Alves , da Silveira Vinícius Gomes , da Costa Diogo Pereira Higino , Farina-Junior Jayme Adriano
Published: October 2020

The management of tar burns presents a wide range of possible approaches, and several strategies can be used to reduce the damage regarding the removal of tar adhered to the patient’s skin. Tar residues should preferably be emulsified with solvent solutions. Due to the low incidence of tar burns, it has not yet been possible to select the appropriate agent for the removal of the adhered tar. In this article, we reported a case of a 47-year-old man with a tar burn in his forehead region and his both upper limbs treated with two different approaches and the outcomes. In the right upper limb, the removal of tar with oil-based on essential fatty acids was attempted at the time of hospital admission, whereas in the left upper limb, he was treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, sterile gauze, and bandage. On the right upper limb, the treatment was eventually performed with debridement and split-thickness skin grafting. On the left upper limb, there was complete re-epithelialization of the burns. The more conservative approach of keeping a dressing with 1% silver sulfadiazine on the tar itself, followed by removing the material in the dressing changes was considered better than the immediate removal of tar with an oily solution, especially about pain. Our impression was that the application of 1% silver sulfadiazine cream at the time of the admission, as well as in the following days, may be beneficial for the removal of the tar in close contact with the skin. Possibly, this approach leads to less trauma to the skin and, eventually, simplifies the treatment of burns by hot tar.
Identification and Characterization of Aldehyde Oxidase 5 in the Pheromone Gland of the Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Zhang Yandi , Yang Yu , Shen Guanwang , Mao Xueqin , Jiao Mengyao , Lin Ying
Published: October 2020

Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a subfamily of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes that play critical roles in the detoxification and degradation of chemicals. Active AOXs, such as AOX1 and AOX2, have been identified and functionally analyzed in insect antennae but are rarely reported in other tissues. This is the first study to isolate and characterize the cDNA that encodes aldehyde oxidase 5 (BmAOX5) in the pheromone gland (PG) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The size of BmAOX5 cDNA is 3,741 nucleotides and includes an open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 1,246 amino acid residues. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of BmAOX5 are approximately 138 kDa and 5.58, respectively. BmAOX5 shares a similar primary structure with BmAOX1 and BmAOX2, containing two [2Fe-2S] redox centers, a FAD-binding domain, and a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-binding domain. RT–PCR revealed BmAOX5 to be particularly highly expressed in the PG (including ovipositor) of the female silkworm moth, and the expression was further confirmed by in situ hybridization, AOX activity staining, and anti-BmAOX5 western blotting. Further, BmAOX5 was shown to metabolize aromatic aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and vanillic aldehyde, and fatty aldehydes, such as heptaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of benzaldehyde as substrate was 21 mU and Km was 1.745 mmol/liter. These results suggested that BmAOX5 in the PG could metabolize aldehydes in the cytoplasm for detoxification or participate in the degradation of aldehyde pheromone substances and odorant compounds to identify mating partners and locate suitable spawning sites.
Estimations of Fine-Scale Species Distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Eastern Florida
Authors: Hopperstad Kristen A , Sallam Mohamed F , Reiskind Michael H
Published: October 2020

Many species distribution maps indicate the ranges of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) overlap in Florida despite the well-documented range reduction of Ae. aegypti. Within the last 30 yr, competitive displacement of Ae. aegypti by Ae. albopictus has resulted in partial spatial segregation of the two species, with Ae. aegypti persisting primarily in urban refugia. We modeled fine-scale distributions of both species, with the goal of capturing the outcome of interspecific competition across space by building habitat suitability maps. We empirically parameterized models by sampling 59 sites in south and central Florida over time and incorporated climatic, landscape, and human population data to identify predictors of habitat suitability for both species. Our results show human density, precipitation, and urban land cover drive Ae. aegypti habitat suitability, compared with exclusively climatic variables driving Ae. albopictus habitat suitability. Remotely sensed variables (macrohabitat) were more predictive than locally collected metrics (microhabitat), although recorded minimum daily temperature showed significant, inverse relationships with both species. We detected minor Aedes habitat segregation; some periurban areas that were highly suitable for Ae. albopictus were unsuitable for Ae. aegypti. Fine-scale empirical models like those presented here have the potential for precise risk assessment and the improvement of operational applications to control container-breeding Aedes mosquitoes.
Anticompetitive Effects in EU Competition Law
Authors: Ibáñez Colomo Pablo
Published: October 2020

This article examines the meaning and scope of the notion of anticompetitive effects in EU competition law. It does so by bringing together several strands of the case law (and this across all provisions, namely Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and merger control). The analysis is structured around a framework that considers the main variables that shape the notion in practice: the time variable (actual or potential effects); the dimensions of competition and the counterfactual; the meaning of effects and the probability threshold (plausibility, likelihood, certainty). The exercise shows that it is possible to discern a concrete meaning to the notion of anticompetitive effects. Some central questions, including the role and operation of the counterfactual and the threshold of effects, have already been answered by the Court of Justice. In particular, it has long been clear that anticompetitive effects amount to more than a mere competitive disadvantage and/or a limitation of a firm’s freedom of action. The impact on equally efficient firms’ ability and/or incentive to compete would need to be established. At the same time, some open questions and some potential areas of friction (relating, inter alia, to stakeholders’ tendency to conflate appreciability and effects) remain. These are also discussed.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in an 8-Week-Old Infant
Authors: Orlanski-Meyer Esther , Yogev Dotan , Auerbach Adi , Megged Orli , Glikman Daniel , Hashkes Philip J , Bar-Meir Maskit
Published: October 2020

We describe an 8-week-old infant with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, significant hypoalbuminemia, and mild carditis following asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infant’s symptoms, including their temporal appearance, were consistent with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). A unique finding on colonic histology which may shed light on the pathogenesis of MIS-C was identified. The patient improved significantly following several anti-inflammatory treatments. The lag between the presentation of MIS-C and initial SARS-CoV-2 exposure, which may often be asymptomatic, together with the young age of our patient, makes this a challenging diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of this entity, even in the neonatal and infantile age groups, to facilitate timely identification and treatment.
A rare case of lumbosacrococcygeal mass in newborn: a human tail
Authors: Daib Aida , Saadi Cyrine , Rabiaa Ben Abdallah R , Barguellil Marwa , Hellal Youssef , Trabelsi F , Jabloun A , Kaabar N
Published: October 2020

Caudal cutaneous appendage is a rare condition. According to association with underlying spinal dysraphism, it can be classified into true or pseudotails. Management and prognosis depends closely on spinal anomaly. Fewer than 40 cases of true tail were reported. We describe a rare case of true tail in a newborn explored and operated in our unity.
Struma ovarii: two case reports of a rare teratoma of the ovary
Authors: Rockson Obed , Kora Christine , Ramdani Abdelbassir , Basma Aabdi , Bouhout Tariq , Serji Badr , El Harroudi Tijani
Published: October 2020

Struma ovarii is an extremely rare type of ovarian teratoma distinguished by the unusual presence of thyroid tissue. It is usually a benign condition; however, malignant transformation is sometimes detected. The diagnosis relies on histopathological examination and is infrequently made on routine investigations. We report two cases of struma ovarii: one benign and the other malignant. The first case involved a 27-year-old woman who underwent a right ovarian cystectomy for an incidental ultrasonographic finding of a solid right adnexal mass. The diagnosis of a benign struma was made after histopathological study. The second case involved a 68-year-old woman who underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy for a right ovarian bulky mass and the histopathological diagnosis was consistent with that of a malignant struma. We examine the challenges involved in the diagnosis and management of this rare entity.
Fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis hydathodes
Authors: Yagi Hiroki , Nagano Atsushi J , Kim Jaewook , Tamura Kentaro , Mochizuki Nobuyoshi , Nagatani Akira , Matsushita Tomonao , Shimada Tomoo
Published: October 2020

Hydathodes are typically found at leaf teeth in vascular plants and are involved in water release to the outside. Although morphological and physiological analysis of hydathodes has been performed in various plants, little is known about the genes involved in hydathode function. In this study, we performed fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis in Arabidopsis hydathodes. We used the enhancer trap line E325, which has been reported to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) at its hydathodes. We found that E325-GFP was expressed in small cells found inside the hydathodes (named E cells) that were distributed between the water pores and xylem ends. No fluorescence of the phloem markers pSUC2:GFP and pSEOR1:SEOR1-YFP was observed in the hydathodes. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis hydathodes are composed of three major components: water pores, xylem ends, and E cells. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis of the hydathode using the E325-GFP line. Microsamples were collected from GFP-positive or -negative regions of E325 leaf margins with a needle-based device (~130 µm in diameter). RNA-seq was performed with each single microsample using a high-throughput library preparation method called Lasy-Seq. We identified 72 differentially expressed genes. Among them, 68 genes showed significantly higher and four genes showed significantly lower expression in the hydathode. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis for hydathode physiology and development.
ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple
Authors: An Jian-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Liu Ya-Jing , Wang Xiao-Fei , You Chun-Xiang , Hao Yu-Jin
Published: October 2020

Abscisic acid (ABA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. As a crucial regulator of ABA signaling, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that MdABI5, the apple homolog of Arabidopsis ABI5, positively regulated ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. A series of biochemical tests showed that MdABI5 specifically interacts with basic helix-loop-helix 3 (MdbHLH3), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdABI5 enhanced the binding of MdbHLH3 to its target genes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (MdDFR) and UDP flavonoid glucosyl transferase (MdUF3GT). In addition, MdABI5 directly bound to the promoter of MdbHLH3 to activate its expression. Moreover, MdABI5 enhanced ABA-promoted interaction between MdMYB1 and MdbHLH3. Finally, antisense suppression of MdbHLH3 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis promoted by MdABI5, indicating that MdABI5-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis was dependent on MdbHLH3. Taken together, our data suggest that MdABI5 plays a positive role in ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MdbHLH3-MdMYB1 complex. Our work broadens the regulatory network of ABA-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing new insights to further study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms behind this process.
Potential Use of Antigen-Based Rapid Test for SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory Specimens in Low-Resource Settings in Egypt for Symptomatic Patients and High-Risk Contacts
Authors: Abdelrazik Abeer Mohamed , Elshafie Shahira Morsy , Abdelaziz Hossam M
Published: October 2020

Objective

Because of the rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its wide public health challenges, rapid diagnosis is essential to decrease the spread. Antigen-based rapid detection tests are available; however, insufficient data about their performance are available.

Methods

The lateral-flow immunochromatographic BIOCREDIT COVID-19 antigen test was evaluated using nasopharyngeal swabs in a viral transport medium from patients with confirmed infection, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt. Test performance was determined in comparison to the SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

Results

Three hundred ten specimens from 3 categories—patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals—were included; 188 specimens were RT-PCR-positive, from which 81 were detected by rapid antigen test. Overall sensitivity was 43.1%. Sensitivity was significantly higher in specimens with high viral loads.

Conclusion

Poor sensitivity of the BIOCREDIT COVID-19 test does not permit its use for diagnosis, and it can only be used in conjunction with RT-PCR for screening.
Unmet Healthcare Needs and Associated Factors Among Korean Enlisted Soldiers
Authors: Bae Eunkyoung , Park Jeongok , Jung Eunyoung
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore the rate of unmet healthcare needs among Korean enlisted soldiers and to examine the factors associated with unmet healthcare needs, based on Andersen’s Health Service Behavior Model.

Method

This study employed secondary data analysis using the dataset of the military health survey for two years, 2014 and 2015, conducted by the Republic of Korea School of Military Medicine. Of all military health survey participants, 3,636 enlisted soldiers who answered the question “In the last year, have you ever been unable to go to a hospital or a clinic when you wanted to go to a hospital or a clinic?”—the dependent variable in this study—were included in this study.

Result

The rate of unmet healthcare needs among Korean enlisted soldiers was 23.7% (n = 860) in the current study. Among the individual characteristics, on-duty stress (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.25-2.03) and need for treatment by a mental health specialist (OR = 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00-1.95) were associated with unmet healthcare needs. Among the contextual characteristics, perception of injury-prevention effort (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.52-0.71), support from superiors (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93), and possibility of accident or injury of military unit (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.82) were significant factors associated with unmet healthcare needs. The subjective health condition which was a proxy of the health outcome was significantly associated with unmet healthcare needs (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13-2.22). The results indicate that the safety awareness of troops and social support of superiors were the contextual military characteristics associated with unmet healthcare needs of enlisted soldiers.

Conclusions

The strengthening of aspect of organizational culture, such as injury-prevention efforts at the military level, or support from superior officers, will contribute to a reduction of the unmet healthcare needs of Korean enlisted soldiers.
Pseudofolliculitis Barbae in the U.S. Military, a Review
Authors: Tshudy Michael T , Cho Sunghun
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB), also known as ingrown hairs commonly results from adherence to military grooming standards in those who have curly facial hair. Many patients respond to specific grooming techniques or topical medications but severe cases often warrant restrictions on shaving or laser therapy. The treatment of PFB is challenged not only by grooming standards but also evolving readiness requirements. More recently, the Navy discontinued permanent restrictions on shaving because of concerns for poor gas mask fitting. The goal of this review is to outline the history of PFB in the military, describe current policies, and offer a more uniform approach to treating PFB in the military. We also discuss challenges that surround the management of PFB in the Armed Forces.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed to identify both current and past management and discussion of PFB in both civilian and military settings. We also performed an internet search to identify pertinent military regulations and history of PFB within the Armed Forces. A query of TRICARE, the health care program for the U.S. Department of Defense Military Heath System, was also performed to assess civilian-referred laser treatment for Active Duty service members.

Results

PFB has a long history in the military dating back to World War I, when shaving was enforced not only to ensure good personal hygiene and to foster good order and discipline but also to ensure gas masks would seal in the event of a chemical attack. The management of PFB has presented a challenge in the military and even led to a social uproar in the 1970s. Policy changes in the military regarding shaving limitations, or profiles, have historically influenced how PFB is managed, but the basic tenets remain the same. Grooming techniques and topical medications can be effective in treating mild-to-moderate disease, but more severe cases of PFB respond best to laser therapy. Limitations on shaving remain an important part of management, especially during flares of the disease and while initiating therapy. Long-term shaving profiles may be needed for treatment-resistant cases. The impact of the Navy’s recent policy on PFB is also discussed.

Conclusions

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae is a prevalent skin disease in the Armed Forces. A better understanding of the disease and patients’ individual needs by the health care provider and commander is paramount.
Soldiers’ Perception of Combat Ration Use During Arctic Training: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lavergne Florence V , Prud’homme Denis , Giroux Isabelle
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Soldiers work in various extreme environments, including the High Arctic, where energy requirements are increased compared with temperate climates. Soldiers often do not reach their energy needs with combat rations and face additional challenges to feeding in the Artic, which can hinder the performance. The purpose of this study is to document soldiers’ perception about individual, dietary, and environmental factors influencing intake of combat rations during Arctic field training.

Materials and Methods

This qualitative phenomenological study included in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with 16 soldiers of the Canadian Armed Forces participating in the Arctic Operations Advisor training in Yellowknife (Northwest Territories) and Resolute Bay (Nunavut) from January to March 2019. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then coded using a directed content analysis approach. Data were analyzed with NVivo qualitative data analysis software.

Results

Five themes related to the individual (personal preferences; mood and morale), the diet (water availability; food variety), or the environment (meal preparation time) were identified. A sixth theme found was related to the diet and the environment (food/water temperature). Soldiers explained food and water were frozen, thus limiting water availability and greatly increasing meal preparation time. Food variety was deemed adequate by some, but others preferred more options. Individual food preferences and soldier mood and team morale could be barriers or facilitators to intake. Overall, the complexity of combat ration intake in the Arctic stemmed from the interaction of factors.

Conclusions

Various factors related to the individual, diet, and environment were found to influence intake of combat rations by participating soldiers during Arctic training. Reducing barriers to combat ration consumption by enhancing operational suitability of rations for the Arctic environment could promote dietary intake. Bearing in mind many interrelated factors influenced intake of soldiers, the military would benefit from further assessing which challenges related to intake in the field could be addressed.
Bruxism and Stress Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness
Authors: Carter Kandis , McKenzie Carly T
Published: October 2020

Introduction

This study explores perceived stress and experience with bruxism among veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI). Stress may manifest physically as bruxism, a parafunctional oral activity that consists of teeth grinding and/or clenching.

Materials and Methods

An online survey of GWI veterans (n = 28, 27.7% response rate) assessed perceived general stress and self-reported behaviors, symptoms, and outcomes associated with bruxism. Survey questions also collected basic demographic data and past military experience. The appropriate Institutional Review Board approved this study (IRB-300001376). Statistical analyses utilized both analysis of variance and linear regression techniques in addition to descriptive statistics.

Results

This sample of GWI veterans reported higher levels of perceived stress (M = 20.2, SD = 7.0) than general population males (M = 12.1, SD = 5.9). A majority of GWI veterans reported both grinding (77.8%) and clenching (85.2%) teeth on a weekly or daily basis. Grinding frequency did not predict perceived stress scale values (F = 2.38, P = .11). Clenching frequency did significantly predict perceived stress scale values (F = 4.07, P = .03). Those who reported daily clenching had significantly higher perceived stress scores (M = 22.17, SD = 5.87) than did those who reported never clenching (M = 12.00, SD = 5.35). Length of military service did not significantly predict perceived stress or bruxism experience.

Conclusions

GWI veterans reported higher levels of perceived stress in comparison with that of general population males. Both the high frequency of teeth grinding and clenching in these patients is a potential physical manifestation of the high perceived stress levels reported. It is imperative that both military and civilian dentists and physicians are aware of the potential for increased stress and consequently bruxism in this patient population as it can have negative impacts on oral and mental health. Treatment of these patients can include but is not limited to behavior modification, stress reduction training, and the fabrication of mouth guards. The dental and medical implications of bruxism and stress in veterans with GWI should be further investigated.