bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Kegiatan Menggambar Dan Klolase Di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 medan
Authors: Azrina Fildzah , Akrim Akrim
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh strategi guru yang dapat meningkatkan motorik halusnpada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi guru dalam meningkatkan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan menggambar dan kolase di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Objek dari penelitian ini yaitu guru dan juga kepala sekolah yang ada di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam peneitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan juga dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulann yang didapat bahwa, strategi yang dilakukan  guru di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan dalam meningkatkan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan menggambar dan kolase yaitu dengan cara menjelaskan terlebih dahulu kegiatan apa yang akan dikerjakan dan bagaimana cara pengerjaanya. Dan guru memberikan arahan secara perlahan serta memberikan contoh kegiatan menggambar dan kolase untuk memudahkan anak dalam mengerjakan kegiatan yang telah diberikan.

Kata Kunci: Strategi guru; kemampuan motorik halus; kegiatan menggambar dan kolase.

This research is motivated by teacher strategies that can improve fine motor skills in children. This study aims to find out how the teacher's strategy is in improving children's fine motor skills through drawing and collage activities at TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The objects of this research are the teachers and also the principals in TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the conclusions obtained, the strategy carried out by the teacher at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan Kindergarten in improving children's fine motor skills through drawing and collage activities is by explaining in advance what activities will be carried out and how to do them. And the teacher gives directions slowly and gives examples of drawing and collage activities to make it easier for children to do the activities that have been given.

Keywords: Teacher strategy; fine motor skills; drawing and collage activities.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Lossparts Terhadap Kemampuan Seni Anak Usia Dini Di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan
Authors: Nasution Adelia Fitri , Harfiani Rizka
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan kurang kreatifnya guru dalam menggunakan media dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pre eksperimental tipe one group pretest- posttes design. Dalam penelitian ini populasinya adalah 30 anak dengan sampel penelitian 15 anak. Hasil rata-rata pretest 2.27, setelah dilakukan pretest dilakukan kemudian diberikan perlakuan berupa penggunaan media Lossparts untuk melihat berpengaruh tidaknya media Lossparts terhadap kemampuan seni anak, selama melaksanakan treatment terlihat pengaruh media Loosparts  terhadap kemampuan seni anak dengan rata-rata 3.60. Untuk melihat terdapat pengaruh tidaknya atau perbedaan dalam kemampuan seni anak pada penggunaan media Loosparts dapat dilihat dari nilai Sig yang diuji menggunakan SPSS, nilai Sig dibandingkan dengan taraf Signifikan 0.05, apabila nila nilai Sig > 0.05 maka tidak terdapat pengaruh sedangkan jika nilai Sig<0.05 maka terdapat pengaruh. Maka hasil dari pengujian Hipotesis dengan menggunakan SPSS denga nilai Sig ,000 < 0.05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, Artinya trdapat pengaruh dalam penggunaan media Loosparts.

Kata Kunci: Media loosparts; kemampuan seni anak.

This research is motivated by the teacher's lack of creativity in using media in learning conducted at TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 17 Medan. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method with a pre-experimental research design type of one group pretest-posttest design. In this study the population was 30 children with a sample of 15 children. The average result of the pretest was 2.27. After the pretest was carried out, treatment was given in the form of using Lossparts media to see whether Lossparts media had an effect on children's artistic abilities. To see whether there is an effect or difference in children's artistic ability in using Loosparts media, it can be seen from the Sig value tested using SPSS, the Sig value is compared to the Significant level of 0.05, if the Sig value is > 0.05 then there is no effect whereas if the Sig value is <0.05 then there is an influence. Then the results of testing the hypothesis using SPSS with a value of Sig .000 <0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is an influence on the use of Loosparts media.

Keywords: Media Losparts; Children's Art Ability.

 
Penerapan Metode Talqin dalam Meningkatkan Hafalan Al-Qur’an Juz 30 Bagi Peserta Didik TKIT Tahfidz Plus Arrifa Subang
Authors: Ruswandi Agus , Juliawati Deti
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pembelajaran hafalan Al-Qur’an untuk anak usia dini. Untuk mencapai hal itu maka perlu ada metode yang dapat mengakomodir keberhasilan hafalan Al-Qur’an. Salah satu metode yang sudah berhasil meningkatkan hafalan tersebut yaitu metode Talqin yang dilaksanakan di TKIT Tahfidz Plus Arrifa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan metode Talqin dalam meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an juz 30 bagi peserta didik di TKIT Tahfidz Plus Arrifa Kecamatan Jalancagak Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif naturalistik. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Talqin berhasil meningkatkan hafalan surah-surah dalam Al-Qur’an juz 30 lebih banyak dibanding lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini sejenis yang ada di daerah sekitar. Kendala dalam pembelajaran dengan metode Talqin adalah sulit mendapatkan guru yang kompeten dalam metode Talqin, anak yang aktif bergerak pada usia dini, dan tingkat konsentrasi anak yang singkat, dan anak mudah jenuh atau bosan
Keefektifan Metode Modelling Simbolik Berbantu Media Wayang Kartun Profesi Terhadap Kemampuan Berbahasa dan Keterampilan Bercerita
Authors: Elyasari Siti , Buchori Achmad , Sulianto Joko
Published: November 2023

Abstrak

        Guru dituntut untuk dapat menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif dengan memanfaatkan media sehingga dapat membantu menumbuhkan kemampuan berbahasa dan keterampilan bercerita peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh, ketuntasan belajar, dan beda rata-rata metode modelling simbolik berbantu media wayang kartun profesi terhadap kemampuan berbahasa dan keterampilan bercerita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian posttest-only-control-design. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh peserta didik kelompok B TK Nurul Bahri 02 Batang. Sampel dipilih secara cluster random sampling, terpilih B1 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan B3 sebagai kelompok control. Instrumen yang digunakan antara lain RPP, posttest kemampuan berbahasa, dan posttest keterampilan bercerita. Data diolah menggunakan uji manova, uji ketuntasan belajar, uji beda rata-rata, dan uji N-Gain Score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode modelling simbolik berbantu media wayang kartun profesi berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berbahasa dan keterampilan bercerita, ditinjau dari table multivariate test dan table test of between subject effect pada uji manova dengan masing-masing nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. Uji ketuntasan belajar diperoleh nilai sig. 0,002 pada kemampuan berbahasa dan nilai Sig. 0,032 pada keterampilan bercerita, karena nilai Sig. < 0,05 disimpulkan persentase peserta didik yang mendapat nilai posttest ≥ 75 lebih dari 75%. Uji beda rata-rata diperoleh nilai sig. 0,039 pada kemampuan berbahasa dan nilai sig. 0,001 pada keterampilan bercerita, karena nilai Sig. < 0,05 disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata dari dua kelompok. Rata-rata uji N-Gain Score 0,71 pada kemampuan berbahasa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi tafsiran cukup efektif dan 0,67 pada keterampilan bercerita termasuk dalam kategori sedang tafsiran cukup efektif.

Kata Kunci: Keefektifan; Kemampuan Berbahasa; Keterampilan Bercerita; Metode Modelling Simbolik; Wayang Kartun Profesi.
Model Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di TK Babarsari
Authors: Lubis Hilda Zahra , Ardilla Novi
Published: November 2023

Penelitian yang dilakukan ini merupakan tentang metode dan Proses pembelajaran anak usia dini ditekankan pada proses belajar melalui bermain. Hal ini dilakukan untuk melatih keterampilan dasar. Melalui kegiatan bermain, anak dapat melibatkan diri dan bereksplorasi untuk memperkuat hal-hal yang dimiliki dan menemukan pengetahuan baru. Proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan aspek pengembangan anak. Proses belajar dengan strategi bermain dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Model belajar melalui bermain yang dipakai adalah bermain terbimbing dan diarahkan karena cenderung memakai media pembelajaran. Proses belajar yang dilaksanakan cenderung klasikal dengan materi dan metode yang sama secara serentak dan diterapkan bagi semua anak. Proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan dibuat variatif sesuai keunikan setiap anak sehingga dalam proses belajar dapat dikondisikan untuk memilih sudut permainan sesuai minat dan pilihannya.
Pengaruh permainan magic card terhadap kemampuan bercerita anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Mutiara Sipurennu
Authors: Huda Mutiah Nurul
Published: November 2023

Mutiah Nurul Huda, 2022. Pengaruh Permainan Magic Card Terhadap Kemampuan Bercerita Anak Di Di TK Mutiara Sipurennu. Skripsi jurusan Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Negeri Makassar (dibimbing oleh Syamsuardi dan Hj Herlina).

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan magic card terhadap kemampuan bercerita anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Mutiara Sipurennu. Pendekatan Penenlitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif  dengan jenis penelitian Quasi Eksperiment Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Mutiara Sipurennu yag berjumlah 20 anak. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 12 anak dengan 6 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 6 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik non parametrik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan bercerita anak usia 5-6 tahun yang diberikan perlakuan permainan magic card pada kelompok eksperimen lebih baik dari kelompok kontrol yang diberikan perlakuan menggunakan kartu gambar. Pembelajaran menggunakan magic card sangat menarik perhatian anak karena mengandung unsur magic pada gambar ketika dimainkan oleh anak sehingga menarik perhatian anak untuk belajar menceritaka gambar yang ada pada permainan magic card.

 

 
Kata Kunci : Permainan Magic Card; Kemampuan Bercerita
“British English or American English?”: Penutur Melayu Gen Z dan Pemilihan Leksikal dalam Domain Pakaian Berpandukan Analisis Pragmatik
Authors: Daud Muhammad Zaid , Suradi Noorsaiyidah
Published: November 2023

Tanah Melayu (TM) berada dalam era penjajahan British pada tahun 1824 melalui Perianjian Inggeris-Belanda. British telahcampur tangan dalam urusan pentadbiran TM yang sebelum ini diuruskan Raja-Raja Melayu dengan bantuan pembesar-pembesar negeri. Kedatangan British yang membawa bersama-sama buruh asing telah mewujudkan sekolah sekular (Melayu, Cina, Tamil dan Inggeris). Di sekolah Melayu, Bahasa Inggeris (BI) ada diperkenalkan di beberapa sekolah supaya murid-murid lepasan sekolah Melayu berpeluang berkhidmat dengan pihak British. Kin, pengajaran dan pembelajaran BI terus diperluas di peringkat sekolah rendah, menengah, mahupun universiti. Dalam masa yangsama, pengaruh media massa dan sosial terus memvariasikan pemilihan leksikal BI penutur Melayu. Maka, tujuan kajian in akan meneliti pemilihan leksikal "British or American English"oleh penutur Melayu Gen Z dalam domain pakaian berpandukan analisispragmatik(Teori Relevans/TR: Sperber&Wilson.
PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI PADA MASA KHULAFAURASYIDDIN
Authors: Mu'minah Siti
Published: November 2023

Pemikiran ekonomi pada masa khulafaurasyiddin merupakan pemikiran ekonomi yang sumber pemikirannya dari Rasulullah SAW dan di prektekkan pada masa Rasulullah SAW sehingga di kembangkan kembali pada saat sahabat - sahabat nabi menjadi Pemimpin.
Enhanced Ransomware Identification via Feature Extraction with Class Feature Weighting
Authors: Wang Fang
Published: November 2023

Ransomware attacks have risen alarmingly, with encryption techniques becoming more complex. This study introduces a novel detection model tailored for ransomware's distinctive characteristics. The Intel PIN tool extracts Windows API invocation sequences related to file operations. These sequences are used to construct n-grams, forming feature vectors enhanced by a new Class Feature Weighting (CFW) metric to improve malware detection. Preliminary results demonstrate elevated accuracy and precision versus existing methods. The major contributions are: (1) Introducing an innovative deep learning model for few-shot ransomware classification using entropy features and transfer learning. (2) Achieving high weighted F1-score of 85.8\% in classifying ransomware variants into families with limited training data. (3) Demonstrating the potential of entropy-based features to capture intricacies lost in image-based approaches, improving detection of new strains.
Keterikatan Pola Ayat Dasar Bahasa Melayu dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) Bahasa Jepun: Analisis Pragmatik
Authors: Yusof Mohd Nizam , Daud Muhammad Zaid
Published: November 2023

Keterikatan bahasa ibunda, contohnya bahasa Melayu sering menjadi permasalahan bagi pelajar semasa mempelajari bahasa ketiga (Bahasa Jepun). Antara aspek penggerak kepada interaksi verbal atau interaksi bukan verbal bagipelajar adalah melalui pembinaan ayat mudah. Pola ayat dasar sering digunakan ole pengajar dalam usaha membantu pelajar-pelajar menguasai nahu tatabahasa Jepun. Bertitik tolak daripada kenyataan ini pula, pengkaji akan meneliti keterikatan penutur jati bahasa Melayu di Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) semasa mempelajari/menjawab peperiksaan akhir kursus BLLW 1232: Bahasa Jepun .1 Satu teori yang berwibawa dalam bidang pragmatik, iaitu: Teori Relevans (TR) oleh Sperber dan Wilson (1986; 1995) telah diaplikasikan bagi tujuan analisis data. Teori in menekankan konteks, kesan kognitif, dan usaha memproses untuk membantupelajar membinadan menyusun semula perkataantau frasa menjadi ayat yang lengkap/gramatis dalam bahasa Jepun.
SALING MEMBANGUN DALAM MENANTI KEDATANGAN TUHAN
Authors: HARAHAP RAMLI
Published: November 2023

Kini kita tiba pada Minggu Keduapuluh tiga Setelah Trinitatis. Dalam Minggu ini kita akan membahas tema “Saling Membangun dalam Menanti Kedatangan TUHAN”. Kata “Saling Membangun” ini mengacu pada tindakan saling memberikan dukungan, pembinaan, dan penguatan di dalam komunitas Kristen. Membangun satu sama lain mencakup aspek-aspek seperti pemberian dorongan, nasihat positif, pelayanan, kasih, dan pertolongan, sehingga setiap anggota dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dalam iman dan karakter rohaniah.
Unsur Implisit dalam Lagu Rakyat “Mein Vater War Ein Wandersmann” bagi Masyarakat Jerman Berpandukan Akal Budi Melayu dan Pragmatik
Authors: Ali Nur Farain , Daud Muhammad Zaid
Published: November 2023

Perihal mengenai lagu rakyat sama ada pandangan falsa fah Barat (western philosopher) dengan pandangan falsa fah timur (eastern philosopher) telah membawa m a n a yang selari, iaitu: menceritakan perihal masyarakat, alam, haiwan, tumbuh-tumbuhan ataupun senario semasadi kawasan tersebut. Lagu rakyat biasanya dinyanyikan semasa bermain, mendodoikan anak, hiburan setelah penat membanting tulang dan juga semasa majlis-majlis keraian. Maka, kajian in akan meneroka unsur implisit dalam lagu rakyat bahasa Jerman iaitu. "Mein Vater war ein Wandersmann" berpandukan akal budi Melayu dan pragmatik, iaitu: Teori Relevans (Sperber & Wilson, 1986, 1995). Lagu rakyat in menceritakan seorang anak yang ingin mewarisi minat bapanya iaitu sebagai seorang pengembara yang merantau ke setiap pelusuk negeri di Jerman. Rumusannya, kajian ini telah membuka perspektif baharu terhadap penganalisisan lagu rakyat masyarakat Jerman berpandukan akal bud Melayu dan bidang pragmatik.
Pelanggaran Eufemisme dalam Album Billie Eilish – Happier Than Ever Berpandukan Akal Budi Melayu dan Pragmatik
Authors: Abidin Nadiah Zainal , Daud Muhammad Zaid
Published: November 2023

Penggunaan eufemisme (kesantunan berbahasa) dalam komunikasi lisan atau bukanlisan dapat diasosiasikan dengan percakapan yang halus sifatya, maka setiap ujaran in mempunyai peraturan ataupun etika ketika menggunakannya. Dalam masyarakat Melayu, eufemisme sering dikaitkan dengan sika sopan santun, supaya tidak dianggap sebagai kurang ajar atau biadab. Malangnya, penggunaan eufemisme dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu kini semakin menipis. Tambahan lagi, pengaruh muzik barat yang bertentangan dengan norma kehidupan masyarakat timur akan mewujudkan budaya hedonisme. Golongan anak muda pula mengidolakan penyanyi-penyanyi barat, seperti Billie Eilish, Tyga, Nicki Minaj, Kanye West, Machine Gun Kelly dan Travis Scott. Maka, tujuan kajian in akan meneliti perlanggaran eufemisme (Allan & Burridge, 1991) dalam album Billie Eilish - Happier Than Ever berpandukan akal budi Melayu dan pragmatik (Teori Relevans/TR: Sperber & Wilson, 1985; 1995).
MAKALAH MARKETING MIX DALAM ISLAM
Authors: mells
Published: November 2023

Marketing mix dalam Islam
Correlates of district-level differences in outpatient antibiotic prescribing in Germany: A qualitative study with prescribers
Authors: Schüz Benjamin , Scholle Oliver , Haug Ulrike , Tillmann Roland , Jones Christopher Martin
Published: November 2023

Background: Previous studies have identified substantial regional variations in outpatient antibiotic prescribing, both in the paediatric and adult population. This indicates inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in some regions, which should be avoided to reduce antimicrobial resistance and due to potential side effects. The reasons for regional variations in prescribing are not yet completely understood; socioeconomic and health care density differences between regions do not fully explain such differences. Here, we apply a behavioural perspective by adapting the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine regional factors deemed relevant for antibiotic prescriptions by paediatricians and general practitioners. Methods: Qualitative study with guideline-based telephone interviews of 40 (pediatricians and general practitioners) from regions with high and low rates of antibiotic prescriptions, stratified by urbanity. TDF domains formed the basis of an interview guide to assess region-level resources and barriers to rational antibiotic prescription behaviour. Interviews lasted 30-61 minutes (M = 45 minutes). Thematic analysis was used to identify thematic clusters, and relationships between themes were explored through proximity estimation.Results: Both paediatricians and general practitioners in low-prescribing regions reported supporting contextual factors (in particular good collegial support, good collaboration with laboratories) and social factors (collegial support and low patient demand for antibiotics) as important resources. In high-prescribing regions, poor coordination between in-patient and ambulatory health services, lack of region-level information on antimicrobial resistance, few professional development opportunities, and regional variations in patient expectations were identified as barriers to rational prescribing behaviour.Conclusions: Interventions targeting professional development, better collaboration structures with laboratories and clearer and user-friendly guidelines could potentially support rational antibiotic prescribing behaviour. In addition, better networking and social support among physicians could support lower prescription rates.
Human-animal interaction and human prosociality: A three-level meta-analytic review of experimental and correlational studies
Authors: Chen Nicole Rui Ying , Majeed Nadyanna M. , Junyan Gloria Lai , Koh Paye Shin , Kasturiratna K. T. A. Sandeeshwara , Kaur Manmeet , Ho Alycia Z Y , Yong Jose C. , Hartanto Andree
Published: November 2023

Pet ownership and interactions with animals have been shown to confer various physiological and psychological benefits to humans. Although interactions with animals are commonplace, there is no consensus in the literature on the actual impact of animal exposure on prosociality. Hence, this meta-analysis investigated 20 eligible studies (N = 4,116, k = 48) and provided an extensive examination into the different potential moderators of the relationship between human- animal interaction (HAI) and prosociality, such as the distinction between empathy and prosocial behaviour, HAI characteristics, and sample characteristics. Overall, a small positive effect size was found (d = 0.22), suggesting that human exposure to animals is associated with an increase in empathy and prosocial behaviours. Additionally, the type of prosociality measure, nature of human-animal interaction, animal species and animal class significantly moderated the relationship between human-animal interaction and prosociality. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings and highlight areas for further research.
Constructing spatial situation models during reading comics vs texts
Authors: Pagkratidou Marianna , Galati Alexia , Avraamides Marios N
Published: November 2023

When reading comics, do people monitor the protagonist’s spatial shifts in their mental representations of the depicted environment? To answer that we examined the location effect: the well-documented finding that information about the room in which the protagonist is located is more accessible compared to other rooms. Across three experiments, participants first encoded object locations visually (Experiments 1 and 2) or verbally (Experiment 3), and then, while reading stories, they responded to prompts about whether objects were in the same or different rooms. In Experiment 1, participants read either comics or texts, and were instructed to attend to spatial relations. Consistent with the location effect, participants were faster when objects were located in the room that the protagonist was at the time compared to other rooms. This was the case in both reading conditions, suggesting that there is no difference of how foregrounding operates between texts and comics, at least when people are instructed to attend to spatial information. In Experiment 2 participants read either comics or texts, and they were not given any instructions to attend to spatial relations. Participants exhibited a location effect when reading comics but not when reading texts, suggesting that with comics, instructions are not necessary to support the monitoring of the protagonist’s movement. In Experiment 3, the objects were encoded verbally rather than visually prior to reading a story in comics. There was no location effect suggesting that, in comics, monitoring the protagonist’s spatial shifts takes place only when the environment is encoded visually. Overall, findings suggest that comics can support the construction of situation models and may even be more efficient to foreground spatial shifts than texts.
Interacting With Curves: How to Validly Test and Probe Interactions in the Real (Non-linear) World
Authors: Simonsohn Uri
Published: November 2023

Hypotheses involving interactions, where one variable modifies the association between another two, are very common. They are typically tested relying on models that assume effects are linear, e.g., with a regression like y=a+bx+cz+dx·z. In the real world, however, few effects are linear, invalidating inferences about interactions. For instance, in realistic situations, the false-positive rate can be 100% for detecting an interaction, and a probed interaction can reliably produce estimated effects of the wrong sign. This paper proposes a revised toolbox for studying interactions in a curvilinear-robust manner, giving correct answers 'even' when effects aren't linear. It's applicable to most study designs, and produces results that are analogous to those of current -often invalid- practices. The presentation combines statistical intuition, demonstrations with published results, and simulations.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT TECHNOLOGIES IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EDUCATION OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Полтавський національний педагогічний університету імені В. Г. Короленка, KUDRIA O.
Published: November 2023

У статті визначається актуальність проблеми використанням проєктних технологій в освітній сфері. Зауважується, що саме метод проєктів надає можливість учителеві зосередитися на індивідуальних потребах учнів, створювати умови для розвитку їхньої креативності та інноваційного мислення. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що у ХХ столітті в освіті активно розпочало використовуватися проєктування як ефективний метод навчання. У США його використання було започатковано Д. Дьюї, У. Кілпатриком, Е. Коллінгсом. Ідеї організації навчання на принципах свободи, самостійності та співробітництва представлені в педагогічних дослідженнях Х. Паркхерст та впроваджені в практику школи як лабораторний метод. Використання елементів методу проєктів у 20-30-х роках ХХ століття було здійснено в експериментальних школах Європи. Зауважується, що в Україні використання методу проєктів розпочалося із 20-х років минулого століття і пов’язувалося з іменами видатних українських педагогів С. Русової, А. Макаренка, а у 50-60 рр. – В. Сухомлинським. У їх педагогічній діяльності відображено не лише ідеї, пов’язані із проєктною діяльністю учнів у навчальній роботі, але і з педагогічним проєктуванням. Зроблено висновок стосовно того, що використання проєктних технології в освітньому процесі пов’язано із навчальним проєктуванням та педагогічним проєктуванням. Метод проєктів в освіті ХХ ст. використовували для покращення якості освіти та виховання дітей, наближеності змісту освіти до реалій життя, формування в підростаючого покоління умінь використовувати отримані знання в практичних ситуаціях. Навчання учнів організовувалось на принципах свободи, самостійності та співробітництва. Педагоги впроваджували метод проєктів і з метою творчого розвитку учнів. А педагогічне проектування було пов’язане з творчою педагогічною працею та проєктуванням особистості. Подальших наукових розвідок потребує питання використання проєктних технологій у сучасній технологічній освіті, зокрема пов’язаних із навчальним та педагогічним проєктуванням у закладах загальної середньої освіти, а також проєктних технологій, що можуть бути використані у закладах вищої освіти для ефективної підготовки майбутніх вчителів технологій то професійної діяльності. Ключові слова: проєктні технології, метод проєктів, навчальне проєктування, педагогічне проєктування, проєктно-технологічна діяльність.
MANAGEMENT OF RELOCATED UNIVERSITIES IN CONDITIONS OF INCREASED UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Запорізький національний університет, AZHAZHA M. , NESTORENKO T. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, PELIOVA J. ,   Економічний університет в Братиславі
Published: November 2023

У статті аналізується складна ситуація, з якою стикаються університети, релоковані внаслідок окупації росією частини території Україні. Переміщення деяких університетів до філій у межах одного регіону спростив процес переїзду та адаптації. Однак університети, що переїхали на віддалені території, зіткнулися зі складною ситуацією інтеграції в новий контекст та соціокультурне середовище. Управління університетами, які перемістилися через конфлікти, політичний тиск, війни або інші кризові обставини, відоме як управління переміщеними університетами, релокованими університетами, університетами в еміграції або екзильними університетами. У статті обґрунтовується, що головною метою цих університетів, зазвичай, є збереження академічної та інтелектуальної діяльності в складних умовах та створення можливостей для навчання й досліджень для студентів та вчених, які були вимушені переселитися разом з унівверситетом. Управління релокованими університетами є складним завданням, яке вимагає великої гнучкості, творчості та співпраці. Ключове завдання – забезпечення доступності освітніх можливостей для тих, хто опинився в складній ситуації, збереження та розвиток освітнього та наукового потенціалу релокованого університету до, під час та після повернення в рідні стіни після деокупації території. У статті розглядається зарубіжний досвід управління релокованими університетами як цінне джерело для покращення управління університетами в умовах військових дій, окупації територій, конфліктів та інших негативних впливів. Стаття висвітлює інноваційні підходи до управління релокованими університетами в різних країнах. Висувається теза, що успіх релокованих університетів залежить від їхньої здатності адаптуватися, виконувати інноваційну місію та реалізовувати роль культурних і громадських центрів. Автори висувають ідею подальшого дослідження напрямків розвитку релокованих університетів з метою забезпечення стабільності їх діяльності та збереження контингенту студентів, викладачів та працівників. Ключові слова: релокація, університет, управління, програми підтримки.
Estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico das principais afecções ortopédicas em membros pélvicos de cães em Manaus, Amazonas no período de 2018 a 2021
Authors: Campos Yuan Goes Ribeiro , Souza Rafael Francisco Bonito de , Soares Maria Vitória Muchacho , Santo Edson Francisco do Espírito , Souza Alexandre Navarro Alves de
Published: November 2023

The incidence of orthopedic conditions is quite high in clinical and surgical practice, representing about a third of cases in companion animals. In this context, our objective was to conduct a retrospective study of the main orthopedic disorders of the hind limbs in dogs treated in veterinary clinics in Manaus, AM, from 2018 to 2021. A review of canine patient records was conducted, considering only the medical records with orthopedic complaints in the hind limbs that had documented history and confirmed diagnosis. Out of a total of 103 records analyzed, it was identified that 29.13% (n=30) of the animals presented long bone fractures, 24.27% (n=25) pelvic fractures, 13.59% (n=14) hip dysplasia, 11.65% (n=12) patellar luxation, 8.74% (n=9) cranial cruciate ligament rupture, 8.74% (n=9) traumatic hip dislocation, and 3.88% (n=4) concomitant conditions. Regarding long bone fractures, 65.64% (n = 21) were femoral fractures, and 34.38% (n = 11) were tibia/fibula fractures. Traumatic conditions were identified in 65.05% (n = 67) of cases, with 73.13% (n = 49) resulting from vehicular accidents, 23.88% (n = 16) from falls, and 2.99% (n = 2) from other accidents. It was also found that the frequency of these conditions was higher in small dogs (71.84%, n = 74), mixed-breed dogs (41.75%, n = 43) and males (56.31%, n = 58). Based on these findings, it can be stated that there is a high number of fractures of the appendicular skeleton caused by trauma in dogs in the city of Manaus, which demonstrates the importance of epidemiological knowledge for the diagnosis of the most common orthopedic conditions, as well as guidance for clinicians on the conditions commonly identified in the clinical-surgical routine.
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugated Vaccines and the Problem of Changing Circulating Serotypes of Pneumococcus
Authors: Kostyukova N. N. , Bekhalo V. A.
Published: November 2023

Relevance. In 2007, WHO recommended pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) be included in national immunization schedules for young children. By 2020, 145 countries, including Russia, were using PCV. Aims. To identify vaccines with high epidemiological and immunological efficacy against various forms of pneumococcal infection, including carriage. Conclusions. It has been shown that PCV has high epidemiological and immunological efficacy against various forms of pneumococcal infection, including carriage. It was revealed that the mass use of PCV, leading to the elimination of "vaccine" serotypes, is simultaneously accompanied by the spread of cases of infection due to serotypes not included in vaccines, which significantly reduces the positive effect of vaccination. This requires frequent replacement of serotype polysaccharides in the vaccine in accordance with the serotypes of circulating strains. An alternative to PCV can be vaccines based on pneumolysin, surface pneumococcal proteins, whole – cell and live attenuated, protein-based subunit vaccines, etc. vaccine variants.
Assessing the Epidemiological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Countries around the World: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Smirnova T. M. , Krut’ko V. N. , Mitrokhin O. V. , Briko N. I.
Published: November 2023

Relevance. To maximize the success of COVID-19 vaccination, it is necessary to consider the sensitivity of population health not only to these specific exposures, but also to the inherent socioeconomic factors that can modulate the effectiveness of health interventions. Aims. To assess the relationships between infection, mortality and the fatality ratio from COVID-19 in the countries of the world with the proportion of vaccinated in the population, as well as the relationship of the epidemic situation on COVID-19 with the parameters of the well-being of the population based on a cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis used the data of the portal Our World in Data as of 15/12/2021, as well as UNO data on human development. Results. The frequencies of infection and death were higher the higher the human development index of countries. The inverse correlation of vaccination rates with infection and mortality rates was typical only for countries with very high human development. In the same group of countries, the infection fatality rate was the lowest. Conclusion. The nature of the correlations between the level of vaccination and the parameters of the epidemic situation is not the same for countries with different levels of human development. Apparently, a number of socio-economic factors, including the integral level development of the country and the level of urbanization, can influence the effectiveness of vaccination.
Possibilities of Detecting an Epidemic Focus of Tuberculosis Infection in an Indicator Patient with a Positive Immunological Test for Tuberculosis
Authors: Oganezova G. S. , Bogorodskaya E. M. , Briko N. I. , Belilovsky E. M.
Published: November 2023

Relevance. In connection with the advent of new diagnostic immunological tests, it became possible to determine a potential focus of infection not only through the identification of patients with tuberculosis, but also through the identification of patients infected with M. tuberculosis, who still do not have manifestations of a local form of the disease. This made it possible to search for persons who were infected with an unknown source of tuberculosis infection in order to conduct an in-depth epidemiological investigation and detect hitherto unknown foci of tuberculosis. Aims. To study the effectiveness of identifying the source of infection in the environment of a patient with a positive immunological test for tuberculosis («indicator» patient). Materials and methods. 1) A retrospective study of the data of all 30 patients with tuberculosis in the period from 2014 to 2019 in Moscow, identified by indicator patients with a positive immunological test, was carried out. 2) A cohort of patients with latent tuberculosis infection with and without HIV infection (Moscow) was studied in the period 2020–2021. to determine the prevalence of latent infection in the close circle of communication of indicator patients. Results. Patients with tuberculosis, forming hidden foci and identified by the indicator patients infected by them with a latent infection, in 56.7% of cases were not examined for tuberculosis for 2–10 years, in 50.0% they suffer from tuberculosis with registered bacterial excretion, in 46.7% of cases are internal or external migrants. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among indicator patients is 10%, which is many times higher than the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among the permanent population of Moscow (less than 1%), in HIV-infected risk groups (up to 5%), in known foci of tuberculosis on average in Moscow (5%). The TB notification rate in the environment of indicator patients with latent tuberculosis infection is 38.8 per 100,000 of the corresponding group and exceeds that among the permanent population of Moscow by 5.4 times. Conclusion. A modified epidemiological investigation aimed at examining the environment of persons with latent TB infection among adults makes it possible to identify TB patients who have infected indicator patients and to identify other infected patients.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Meningococcal Groups A and C Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults 18–60 years of age
Authors: Romanenko V. V. , Kuzubov B. I. , Tsukanova N. A. , Kotova A. A.
Published: November 2023

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, despite the low incidence rate in 2020–2021, there are subjects where the incidence rate of meningococcal infection (MI) exceeds the national average by 2–9 times. MI often becomes fulminant with an extremely rapid development of symptoms up to infectious and toxic shock, which limits the possibility of providing specialized care. Less than 24 hours may pass between the appearance of the first symptoms (nonspecific, similar to ARVI) and the development of shock with a fatal outcome. To date, the most reliable way to protect against meningococcal infection is vaccination. However, the healthcare system until 2022 could use only one domestic vaccine with one serogroup A. Aims. To study the safety, reactogenicity and immunological efficacy of Meningococcal A+C polysaccharide vaccine, manufactured by Microgen, Russia, when used in persons aged 18 to 60 years. Materials and methods. The study included 100 people aged 18–60 years who met the inclusion criteria, the average age of the participants was 31.09 ±1.13 years. All study participants were evenly divided into two groups. The Meningo A+C® vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur, France (hereinafter referred to as MPV2 AC) was used as a comparison. PHA study was carried out using the test system «A set of diagnostic reagents for erythrocyte meningococcal polysaccharide groups A, B, C liquid according to TS 9388-004-68925985-10» manufactured by Bio-Diagnostics LLC, Russia (registration certificate No. FSR 2011/11185 dated 17.10.2011). Results and discussion. The results of the study assessing the reactogenicity and safety of the vaccine: in the first 7 days after vaccination, reactions were registered in 12.0% (95% CI: 5.62–23.80%) vaccinated with Meningococcal A+C polysaccharide vaccine, and in 10.0% (95% CI: 4.35–21.36%) in the comparison group, vaccinated with MPV2 AS. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p ≥ 0.05). Results of the study assessing the immunogenicity: on the 28th day after single-dose immunization of the participants of the clinical trial, both in the group vaccinated with Meningococcal A+C polysaccharide vaccine, and in the control group (vaccinated with MPV2 AC), a statistically significant increase in antibody titer was noted, p ≤ 0.001: 76.0% (95% CI: 62.59–85.70%) versus 74.0% (95% CI: 60.45–84.13%) in the control group, χ2 =0.0533 and p=0.818.. Conclusions. Meningococcal A+C polysaccharide vaccine is characterized by safety, low reactogenicity and high immunogenicity comparable to the MPV2 AC vaccine.
Vaccination of Patients with Comorbid Conditions against Meningococcal and Pneumococcal Disease and Influenza during the COVID-19 Pandemic – New Aspects
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Mashilov K. V. , Kostinova T. A.
Published: November 2023

The review discusses and confirms the important role of vaccination of patients with comorbid conditions against pneumococcus, influenza and meningococcus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two main mechanisms of influence of preventive immunization on the course of the fight against the pandemic; by reducing the incidence of preventable infections and reducing the burden on healthcare, and by directly influencing the vaccines used on the infection processes with the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19. Information is also provided on the vaccines used and their use, in particular in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MONITORING OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kyiv, Zinchenko O. V.
Published: November 2023

Considered the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the educational process due to the introduction of automatic control of attendance in the classroom using face recognition and additional information for the collection and further analysis of the received data. Algorithms and methods used in modern Facial Recognition Attendance System are studied. An intelligent system for monitoring the educational process and its analysis is proposed. Structural and functional schemes of the system, databases, software were developed, testing was carried out. During attendance monitoring, the webcam captures an image of the face of the participant of the educational process from the video stream, then the computer automatically creates a vector of facial features, which is compared with the vectors of facial features, pre-entered images and recorded in the relevant database. Vectors with 68 features are used for face recognition. In the development of the software, the tools of the OpenCV library and the Python programming language were used. With several successful comparisons, the person's data is identified: name and status (student or teacher), the current date and time are recorded in an Excel file. Operational data of the system is displayed on the monitor screen, which allows you to correct recognition errors if necessary. The system allows you to automatically keep a log of class attendance, create reports, analyze data to provide recommendations for improving the schedule and order of lessons. The object-relational database with open source code PostgreSQL is used for data storage. The grouping of the system's software code is carried out using the Django web application. The system user has the opportunity to create a personal account and create reports according to his requirements. The system was tested on the example of a group of 15 students and showed satisfactory results.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PROTECTION OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kyiv, Savchenko V.
Published: November 2023

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the use of functionally stable generalized information system of the enterprise. Diagnosis of the system in general. The following definitionassumption was used in the diagnosis: the amount of diagnostic information is the number of test results accumulated by the module before the execution of the algorithm, recorded during the mathematical modeling of the diagnostic procedure. It is illustrated that the reliability of the diagnosis does not change due to the expansion of the system. This is due to the property of adaptive self-diagnosis - the ability to diagnose with a given reliability. Values of reliability significantly depend on the number of failures. As the number of failures increases, the reliability of diagnosis decreases, due to the peculiarities of the algorithm of analysis of test results, in which the whole set of modules is divided into two subsets - possible good and possible bad modules. It is the power of many possible faulty modules that influences decisionmaking, i.e. the reliability of diagnosis. Dependence of reliability on a priori probability of working condition of modules shows insignificant increase of reliability with increase of value of probability of working capacity that is also caused by features of algorithm of analysis of diagnostic information in which the decision on failures of modules is made directly taking into account value of probability of working capacity. The amount of diagnostic information is the number of test results accumulated by the module before executing the algorithm. The property of adaptive self-diagnosis, in contrast to the existing ones, is considered in the work due to the increase in the time of diagnosis and the acceptable decrease in the reliability of the diagnosis. At the same time, the time of diagnosis is predictable and is within acceptable limits, which allows to detect failures in time, roll back the computational process and ensure the insensitivity of the computational process to failures of system modules.
On The Working Practices of the International Development Association in the Post-Soviet States of Central Asia
Authors: Romanchuk Ekaterina
Published: November 2023

Created to provide financial support to poor countries, the International Development Association (IDA) has been investing heavily in the countries of the Central Asia, especially in Uzbekistan. An analysis of the working practices of the IDA over the past three decades in the region shows that experts often overestimate the ability of Central Asian governments to implement planned transformations and enter the trajectory of sustainable and inclusive growth. The reasons for the low efficiency of IDA-funded projects and programs are often institutional difficulties arising from the poor quality of public administration. Up to mid-2000s, a number of failures took place to achieve the goals stated in projects and programs due to errors made by IDA experts when structuring transactions.
mRNA in situ hybridization analysis of VEGF in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jaafar Abdulkareem M. , Abdul Majeed Ban A. , Al-Rubaie Haythem A. MJ
Published: November 2023

Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been widely studied.Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CLL and its role in disease progression.Patients, materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (45 males & 15 females) compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recruited at the Medical City Hospital/ Teaching Laboratories/ Baghdad from January 2004 to December 2007. The bone marrow biopsy of each was re-examined histologically. In situ hybridization was performed utilizing biotin labeled VEGF cDNA probes.Results: The frequency of VEGF positivity was 95% (57 of 60 cases). A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between increasing VEGF scores and lower packed cell volume level and lower platelet count. A statistically significant association was found between advanced modified Rai stage and patients with high score. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between increasing scores of VEGF and advancing clinical stage. Conclusions: The score of VEGF is high among patients with advanced clinical stage of the disease.