bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Strategic Autonomy in Korean Diplomacy: Focusing on Korea's Improvement of Relations with Hungary
Authors:   Institute of East and West Studies Yonsei University, Kim Youngin
Published: September 2023

This study analyzed the Korea’s improvement of relations with Hungary, which was completed before the end of the Cold War, by applying the concept of strategic autonomy. This phenomenon is not easily explained by a realistic approach that emphasizes the international structure and the power of the great powers. This study emphasizes the need to examine Korea’s internal diplomatic capabilities in order to explain the improvement of relations between Korea and Hungary. To this end, this study presents strategic autonomy as an alternative analysis concept, which has not been dealt with in terms of the performance of Korean diplomacy. As a result of the analysis, Korea’s improvement of relations with Hungary is explained in terms of strategic autonomy in that it proactively achieved the goal of Korean foreign policy, establishment of diplomatic relations with the communist bloc, in cooperation with its ally, the United States.
Problem-based learning integrated with flipped classrooms assisted by google sites to improve student mathematics learning achievement
Authors: Nugraha Adam Arya , Purwati Heni , Ariyanto Lilik , Sumarti
Published: September 2023

Mathematics is a subject taught at every level of education and has a vital role in everyday life. However, in reality, student mathematics learning achievement tends to be low. One of the reasons is the monotonous learning model or strategy and uninteresting learning media. The learning process is only one-way, making students imitate and record how to answer the questions given by the teacher without understanding the concept correctly. In addition, the learning media used is monotonous and tends to be traditional. Namely, only the whiteboard and several times using an LCD projector, making students bored and passive. So, innovative learning strategies and media are needed to overcome these problems. This study aims to determine the improvement of student mathematics learning achievement in statistics material in grade 10 through implementing Problem-based Learning integrated with Flipped Classroom assisted by Google Sites. The research method used is Classroom Action Research with the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of four stages: Planning, Action, Observation, and Reflection. The results showed increased student mathematics learning achievement in statistics material in grade 10 through implementing Problem-based Learning integrated with Flipped Classroom, assisted by Google Sites. The percentage of classical learning completeness in each cycle is Pre-Cycle 56% with an average of 69.3, Cycle I 72% with an average of 75.7, and Cycle II 89% with an average of 84.7. So, Problem-based Learning integrated with Flipped Classroom, assisted by Google Sites, successfully improves student learning achievement and is recommended to be implemented in the classroom.
Development of interactive multimedia based on educational games of plant parts and their functions to improve student learning outcomes
Authors: Nur Fadila None , Saidah Karimatus , Wendha Dhian Dwi Nur
Published: September 2023

Natural Science (IPA) is an activity to study nature systematically through actual activities and trains students to think critically and objectively to achieve learning objectives. Using learning media in the learning process can support success in the learning process. This study aims to determine interactive multimedia development's validity, practicality, and effectiveness based on the educational game "Plant World" material about plant parts and their functions. This research uses the R&D (Research and Development) method with the ADDIE model, which consists of 5 stages, namely 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, and 5) evaluation. Data collection techniques using expert validation questionnaires, teacher and student responses, and pre-test and post-test evaluations were then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the development of interactive multimedia based on the educational game "Plant World" with the validation of media and material experts obtained an average percentage of 86% very valid criteria, teacher responses received a percentage of 89% very practical criteria, and student responses obtained a percentage of 90% very good criteria. The effectiveness was obtained from the average pre-test result of 57.7 and the post-test of 81.7. It was found that the post-test value was higher than the pre-test value, and the specified KKTP was 75. Strengthened by the Paired Sample-test results obtained 0.001 <0.05, there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test evaluation.
Implementation of the PQ4R learning method to build disposition and enhance student critical thinking skills
Authors: Purnamasari Wulan , Sukarso AA , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Merta I Wayan
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the role of the PQ4R learning method in building critical dispositions and improving students' critical thinking skills on the subject of the human reproductive system. This research was conducted using the technique pretest-posttest control group design. Data were collected with instruments in the form of critical disposition questionnaires and tests of critical thinking skills. The subjects of this study were 69 students divided into two classes, which were taken from the population of course XI IPS SMAN 7 Mataram using the purposive sampling technique—the data analysis using t-test and testN-gain. The research results show an increase in critical dispositions and critical thinking skills in the experimental class compared to the control class, each of which is indicated by the t-test results of 0.000 <0.05. Changes (increases) in students' critical dispositions for the experimental class belonged to the medium category, and the control class belonged to the low category. The improvement of critical thinking skills in the experimental class is in the high category, and in the control class, it is in the low category. This research concludes that the PQ4R learning method can build students' dispositions and critical thinking skills. Recommendations from this study: The PQ4R learning method is suggested by teachers as an alternative effort to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Development and Application of an Experimental Design Ability Improvement Program Emphasizing Interactions for Science Gifted in Middle School
Authors:   Korean Science Education Society for the Gifted, Ahn Yujin , Yun Seokmin , Choi Hyukjoon
Published: September 2023

In this study, we developed and applied an ‘Experimental design ability improvement program emphasizing interactions’ that can help science gifted in performing experimental design. We examined the effect of the program and students’ perceptions of the program. For the purpose of this study, a new teaching and learning process emphasizing interactions was constructed by supplementing the existing teaching and learning process of hypothesis verification design. Refraction was selected as the class subject, considering the characteristics of gifted science students in middle school, and related experiments, learning activity sheets, and other learning materials were devised. The developed program was applied to 9 middle school science gifted students during 7 instructional hours. We investigated whether the program enhanced the experimental design abilities of science gifted by conducting DCT before and after the classes. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire after class to investigate their perceptions of the program. When the experimental design written by the students during class was analyzed, it was confirmed that the experiment plan was clearly refined after going through the process of modification and elaboration through feedback. From the students’ perception survey, they found that the program was interesting and useful. They perceived the level of difficulty as appropriate, and it was evaluated that communication in class was active. Most students found the activity of designing the experiment itself interesting and useful, and expressed the opinion that it gave them a deeper understanding of the experimental process.
A Study on Teachers’ Perceptions of Gifted Education Directions with Experience in Gifted Education
Authors:   Korean Science Education Society for the Gifted, Kim Gokyoung , Paik Seounghey
Published: September 2023

Currently, the interest and demand for gifted education in Korea is decreasing, and it is analyzed that the operational stability and characterization of gifted education institutions are insufficient. In addition, there is a lack of systematic support according to the level and characteristics of individual giftedness, and the negative perception that education is a minority elite still exists. This means that although it has been 20 years since gifted education was introduced in earnest in Korea, problems ranging from the selection of gifted students to the operation of gifted education programs have not yet been resolved. Therefore, this study examines the direction of change in the definition of gifted and gifted education recipients that have been discussed so far, and based on the 1st to 5th Comprehensive Plan for Gifted and Talented Education Promotion, the current status of gifted education in Korea and its achievements and analyzed its limitations. The perception of the future direction of gifted education was examined through focus group interviews with teachers who have experience in gifted education among graduate students at K University and who are interested in gifted education. As a result of the study, three keywords were identified: selection of gifted students, education program for gifted students, and teacher education, and the details are as follows. First, as a result of discussing the selection of gifted children, there was an opinion that various measurement tools were needed, such as considering the environment of students. In addition, there was an opinion that giftedness should not be limited to intellectual ability, but that students who show outstanding talent or achievement in various fields should be provided with opportunities to receive gifted education. Second, in the gifted education program, the need for customized classes was raised by arranging the children selected for gifted education as individuals or in small groups. In addition, it was confirmed that support such as mentor system and education program was needed in cooperation with external organizations such as the Office of Education. Third, teacher education in charge of gifted and talented education often lacks expertise in the field, so it was discussed that gifted and talented teachers need to have that expertise, and it was confirmed that additional research on teacher education is needed.
Comparing the Characteristics of Science Papers Written by Science Gifted Students and General High School Students
Authors:   Korean Science Education Society for the Gifted, Moon Hyeonwo , Son Jeongwoo
Published: September 2023

Research is an effective way for high school students to develop critical thinking, creative problem-solving, and communication skills. However, students often need help writing papers and need systematic training in writing papers. For this purpose, it is necessary first to understand the characteristics of students’ papers. Therefore, this study analyzed the science papers written by science-gifted students in science high schools, gifted schools, and general high school students in science core schools by analyzing each step of the science paper structure to compare their features and errors. The analysis utilized a self-developed step-by-step checklist of science paper structure for 17 science papers of gifted students and 40 science papers for general high school students. The results of the study were as follows. First, both groups lacked structure and volume in the abstract and limitations of the study in the conclusion and suggestion section. The general high school students’ deficiencies included irrelevant theories in the theoretical background, inaccurate data visualization in the results and discussion, missing citations, and formal reference errors. Second, students’ errors in their science papers varied across the stages of the science paper structure. From the above results, both groups commonly offer paper writing education regarding the abstract, conclusion, and recommendation stages. In contrast, other stages of paper structure and research ethics education are more necessary for general high school students. We hope paper writing education related to scientific research activities will be systematized.
EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED INOCULATION OF A70SPIRILLUM LIPOFERUM ON WHEAT (7.aestivum) CROP
Authors:   Department of Studies in Microbiology, Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106, N.S PADSHETTY , K RAMA SWAMY ,   Department of Studies in Microbiology, Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106, A DAYANAND ,   Department of Studies in Microbiology, Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106
Published: September 2023

Response of individual and combined strains of A. lipoferum (nativa and introduced) inoculation to wheat crop, in black cotton soils of Gulbarga district were studied. Higher yields of root and shoot dry matter and high nitrogenase activity (CH, reduction) were observed due to inoculation effect, as compared to unino- culated control. However, results of inoculation with combined strains of Azospi- tillum indicated no significant effect on the yield of dry matter and nitrogenas activity in comparison with individual strain inoculation.
EFFECT OF N, P AND K ON CSH-5 SORGHUM HYBRID SEED CROP. 11. SEED WEIGHT, GERMINATION AND VIGOUR
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, V KRISHNASAMY , K.R RAMASWAMY ,   Dean (Agri), AC & RI, TNAU Coimbatore
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of N at 0,100 and 200 kg/ha; and P and K at 0,50 and 100 kg/ha each on the quality of sorghum CSH-5 hybrid seed during the winter season of 1979. Application of N at 100 kg/ha increased the the seed weight significantly than of 0 or 200 kg/ha P and K at 100 kg each increased the weight significantly more than other doses. The dilference in germination due to doses of nutrients was not significant. N and P at 100 Kg/ha each improved, the seed vigour over other doso levels.
MOISTURE STRESS AND HORMONAL INFLUENCE ON THE FLOWERING BEHAVIOUR AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA )
Authors:   University of Agricultural sciences, Bangalore, GOWDA ANDANI , B.R HEGDE ,   University of Agricultural sciences, Bangalore
Published: September 2023

Field experiment conducted at Hebbal, Bangalore, on TMV-2 groundnut during 1976 and 1977 summer seasons, to study the effect of moisture stress and hormonal influence indicated that the total flowers produced in plants stressed between 30 10 45 days from sowing did not differ significantly from the regularly irrigated plots. The pod yield in stressed plots reduced by 4.7 per cent compared to normally irrigated crop with a yield of 3533.5 kg/ha. The flower primordial initiation and the first flower opening were noticed 14 and 24 days after sowing respectively. The first flush of flowers produced before 45th day from sowing dried up and did not form gynophores in stressed plants. However, a higher percentage of fruit set from the second flush compensated for yield differences in both seasons. NAA spray of 25 ppm at any stage of growth did not influence the total flower production as well as yield significantly in stressed and regularly irrigated plots.
STUDIES ON LEAF SURFACE MYCOFLORA OF SETARIA ITALICA IN RELATION TO AIR-BORNE FUNGI IN ALMORA HILLS
Authors:   Department of Botany, Kumaun University Campus Almora 263601, PANDEY MANJU LATA , AVENA AMAR ,   Department of Botany, Kumaun University Campus Almora 263601, B.C GUPTA ,   Department of Botany, Kumaun University Campus Almora 263601
Published: September 2023

The study of leaf surface and air mycoflora associated with Setaria italica revealed the presence of 58 species of fungi. A close correlation between the resident species of the leaf surface and air wes observed. The number of phycomycetes and Aspergilli was nearly the same in both the environments. Air-spora, however was chiefly dominated by the membors of Deuteromycetes.
CO. 4 A NEW HIGH YIELDING DROUGHT TOLERANT COWPEA VARIETY
Authors:   Associate Professor Pulses, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, J SELVARAJ , R.S ANNAPPAN ,   Professor and Senior Scientist, Pulses, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S GIRIDHARAN ,   Assitant Professor, Agricultural Research station,Srivalliputhur
Published: September 2023

A high yielding selection Covu. 1 isolated from the exotic germplasm type Russian Giant suitable for rainfed as well as irrigated conditions was released as Co. 4 during 1983. It matures in 85 days. The plant type is erect with a ton- dency for lower branches for spreading. The seeds are greyish brown on cooking. Under rainted conditions, on an average the grain yield of 916 kg/ha is obtained registering an yield increase of 20.2. 50.4 and 17.7 per cent over the ruling varieties Co 3. C. 152 and Co. 2 respectively. Under irrigated conditions. Co. 4. Cowpea has recorded a mean grain yield of 1572 kg/ha registering increased grain yield of 32.7, 37.5, and 49.9 per cent over Co. 3. C. 152 and Co. 2 respectively. Besides, this variety possess field resistance to stemfly and tolerance to wilt, rootrot and mosaic diseases,
FORMS OF SOIL NITROGEN AND AVAILABLE NITROGEN STATUS IN RELATION TO RICE NUTRITION IN ALLUVIAL SOILS OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT
Authors:   Professor, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, PERUMAL HANI , M VELAYUTHAM ,   Assitant Director, General (Soil) ICAR New Delhi, A DHANAPALAN MOSI ,   joint Director of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture Madras
Published: September 2023

The role of different organic N fractions in soils on nitrogen nutrition of rice and their inter-relationship with conventional soil test methods were investigated under field condition on alluvial soils of Thanjavur District in both Kuruvai and Theladi seasons. The changes in available N status due to cropping and N ferti lisation were monitored. These studies revealed that amino-acid fraction is quanti- tatively more important among the hydrolysable nitrogen forms for rice nutrition. The fixed NH, in the alluvial soil contributes about 6 per cent of total N and also significantly correlates with yield. The content of non-hydrolysable and unidenti- fied N forms, though quantitatively important are not directly related to the immediate N availability to the rice crop. The different forms of organic N are better related with organic carbon status than with KMnO,-N, leading to scope for improvement in the modification of these methods. Since N fertilisation and its transformation have a direct bearing with the changes in available N status, it is possible: to monitor the N fertility status of soil from the initial analysis as revealed from the study.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN AND ALGAL INOCULATION ON RICE CROP
Authors:   Associate Professor (Agronomy) College of Agriculture Gwalior, MP, M.L SHARMA , V.R MISHRA ,   Scientist, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry
Published: September 2023

Application of 60 kg N/ha through tertilizer nitrogen with blue green algal in- oculation was batter than 60 kg N/ha with no blue green algal inoculation, both in torms of total production and net profit. Treatment 60 kg N/ha plus inoculation with blue green algae gave the highest grain yield of rice (4.05 t/ha) and also. a maximum net profit of Rs. 917.00. The highest content of total N in plants at the panicle initiation stage and crude protein content in paddy grain were also recorded under 60 kg N/ha with blue green algal inoculation.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONSERVATTION SYSTEMS ON THE YIELD OF SORGHUM (CSH 6) IN RAINFED VERTISOLS
Authors:   Associate Professor of Agronomy Cotton & Millets Experiment Station Kovilpatty, J.G ROBINSON , T.N BALASUBRAMANIBN ,   Assitant Professor of Agronomy Cotton & Millets Experiment Station Kovilpatty, V RAVIKUMAR ,   Professor and Head, Cotton & Millets Experiment Station Kovilpatty
Published: September 2023

An experiment was cond:cted at Cotton and Millets Experiment Station, Kovil- patti for three years to study the effect of different moisture conservation systems on the yield of sorghum. The result indicated that compartmental bunding was found to register significantly higher sorghum grain yield/hs over flat bed system and found to be economically viable.
RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
Authors:   Associate Professor, Paiyur Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P MUTHUSWAMY , R NATESAN ,   Assitant Professor, Paiyur Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A NARAYANAN ,   Professor and Head RRS, Paiyur Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

Effect of three levels of phosphours [0.20 and 40 kg/ho] and two levels of molybdenum 10 and one kg/ha) on yield, production of root nodule and uptake of p were studied for two seasons in cowpea under rainfed condition. The experimental area had low available p status. Phosphorus application at 20 kg/ha had consistantly registered higher grain yield over control in both seasons whereas Mo application did not influence the grain yield Root nodule per plant and N content of the nodule did not differ significantly among p and MO levels. Cowpea crop was found to remove 12p kg/ha of which 45 per cent is utilised for grain production.. Phosphorus application had increased the available o status of the soil.
EFFECT ON SOME GROWTH REGULANTS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING BEHAVIOUR IN PYRETHRUM (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.)
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S MOHANDASS
Published: September 2023

The results of the present investigation indicate that total spread of plant was increased by Go and TIBA spross. Flowering could be adva, ced by CCC or TIBA sprays. The number and fresh and dry weights of flower were enhanced by spray of TIBA 100 ppm or CCC 250 ppm so also for total pyrethrins in flowers. On the other hand, Ethrel hed little or no effect for any of these characters.
SURVIVAL OF Rhizoctania solani CAUSING SHEETH BLIGHT OF RICE UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
Authors:   Assitant Professor, (Pathology)Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P LAKSHMANANI , M CHANDRASEKARAN NAIR ,   Professor of Plant PAthology,KAU,Vellayani Kerala
Published: September 2023

The viability of sheath blight organism was studied under various conditions. The organism lost its viability after two weeks when the infected plant debris were buried in garden land soil and wet land soll under flooded condition and also in cattle manure But under dry condition the viability was lost only after four weeks. When infected straw was heaped under taboratory condition, the pathogen lost viability only after 180 days. The viability of Sclerotia was completely lost within 60-90 days when stored in flooded soils as well as in paddy field water. Under dry conditior od percentage of sclerotia retained their viability even after 150 days.
EFFECT OF SEED SOAKING TREATMENT WITH AGRO-CHEMICALS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING ATTRIBUTES OF WHEAT
Authors:   Assitant Agronomist, S.K.N College of Agriculture Jobner 303 329, D.S BHATI , S.S RATHORE ,   Profeesor, Dry Land Farming A.R.S Bhilwara Rajastan College of Agriculture Udhaipur
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Rajasthan college of Agriculture. Udaipur with Sonalika (HD-1553) variety of wheat. Of the seven seed soaking treatments viz, control (dry seed), distilled water KH, PO. (5%), CaCl, (0 25%), Cycocel, (0.1%) NaCl 2.5% and saturated solution of Ca (OH), Treatment with KH,PO, enhanced the germination by reducing days of emergence and increasing the number of seedi- ings per metro row length. Dry matter accumulation and seedling height were also increased KH, PO, treatment increased N, P and K uptake, with resultant dry matter accumulation.
SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION MODEL FOR PLANT SELECTION IN GREENGRAM
Authors:   Professor and Assitant Professor, Department of Agrl., Statistics TNAU, Coimbatore, M MURUGESAN , K.P DHAMU ,   Professor and Assitant Professor, Department of Agrl., Statistics TNAU, Coimbatore, R RATHNASWAMY ,   Professor and Head, National Pules Research Center, Vamban
Published: September 2023

Simultaneous seletion model based on Discriminant Function was applied to select the genotype out of 63 greengram genotypes. 16 different sets of assigned weights were tried in the model to select the best genotype. The genotype LM 222 was selected as the best genotype by the model in 13 sets of weights out of 16 sets of weights
EFFECT OF PLANTING PATTERNS, MULCHES AND SOIL MOISTURE REGIMES ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K BALASWAMY , B BASKER REDDY ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K ANAND REDDY ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, B BUCHA REDDY ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, V MADAVA REDDY ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: September 2023

A two year study was made to find out the effect of planting patterns, organic mulches and soil moisture regimes on growth and yield attributes of maize. Normal planting with irrigation in all furrows resulted significantly higher growth and yield attributes followed by double file planting in deep furrows. Lowest values of growth and yield attributes were observed in normal planting with irrigation in alternate furrows. Paddy straw application at the rate of 8 t/ha improved the plant height, shoot dry matter production, and all the yield attributes of maize in both the years. The influence of moisture regimes on growth and yield attributes was found to be signifi- cant in both the years. Irrigation at 40% ASMD performed best followed by 60% and 80% ASMD. Double file planting in deep furrows, full mulch and irrigation. scheduling at 40% ASMD were efficient in utilising the available moisture for achiev ing higher water-use-efficiency.
PRESERVATION OF MOIST RAGI GRAINS WITH CERTAIN MILD ACIDS
Authors:   Department of Botany, Kumaun University Campus Almora 263601, K.N PANDEY
Published: September 2023

An attempt was made to study the preservative ability of two mild acids Viz.. propi- onic and acetic acids at high moisture contents of the grains of Eleusine coracana, Acetic seid proved better than propionic acid for the purpose. A 3% concentration of acetic acid was needed for the prevention and multiplication of all the mycoflora associ ated with the grains except for Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. which needed still a high concentration. The viability of the grains was lost by the treatment (9.14 1 lit. per ton) with propionic acid whereas they were found viable with the acetic acid treatment even at 5% concentration.
CONSTITUENTS OF SUBSTRATES IN RELATION TO SPOROPHORE YIELD OF Pleurotus sajor caju
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathalogy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K SIVAPRAKASAM
Published: September 2023

Studies were made to find out the factors responsible for the difference in producti- vity of various substrates. The yield of sporophore was related positively with cellulose content and cellulose: lignin ratio and negatively with the liginin and ortho-dihydroxy phenolics content of the substrates.
NUTRITIONAL ASPECT OF TAPIOCA PEEL FOR LIVESTOCK FEED AS INFLUENCED BY VARIETIES AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P MUTHUSWAMY
Published: September 2023

in Tapioca, peel constituting about one-sixth of the whole tuber yielded 3.8 to 6.7 t/ha. Variety H 165 had higher HCN content (160 ppm) than Burma variety (464 ppm). The high HCN content could be detoxified by sun drying the material and could be used safely. The mean crude protein, P and Ca contents were 11.03, 0.18 and 1.11 per cent rospectively which is comparable to that of cereal fodders. [Among the micronutrients Fe was present at higher concentration followed by Zn Mn and Cu. So tapicos peel which is a nutritious fodder can be fed to the cattle safely after detoxification by drying in sun.
EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum 1) UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Crop PHysiology, Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai 626 101 Tamil Nadu, V THANDAPANI , M SUBHARAYALU ,   Head and Professor, Regional Research Station,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aruppukottai 626 101 Tamil Nadu
Published: September 2023

Experiments were carried out with cotton MCU, 10 in order to find out the effect of pre-sowing chemicals and growth regulators for drought tolerance and high yield under rainfed condition. In the present study, it was found that soaking the cotton seeds either in CCC. 500 ppm or 2 percent KC1 for 12 hours followed by 5 hours shade drying and sown as dry seeding has given an increased kapas yield. under rainfod condition, Above treatments were supported by high Relative Water, Content.. more accumulation of proline, high Chlorophyll Stability Index, more leaf area and high dry matter production during growth period under drought condition.
EVALUATION OF MAIZE AS FODDER AND GRAIN INTERCROP IN LUCERNE STAND
Authors:   Assitant Professor, and Head Dept Of Agronomy, Veterinary College Madurai, N SANKARAN , S SANKARAN ,   Director Soil and Crop Management Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

Field experiments were conducted during 1980-82 at the experimental farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Coimbatore. to study the possibility of raising intercrops in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and the effect of N and P application. The treatments consisted of pure lucerne, pure fodder maize, pure grain maize and lucerne plus fodder maize/grain maize association. To the mixed stand, nine combinations of three levels each of N and P (0 30 and 60 kg N/ha 0, 12.5 and 25 kg P,O,/hu) to maize fodder crop. (0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha and 0.30 and 60 kg P,0./ha) to grain maize were applied. Lucerne + fodder maize association produced 45.9 and 37.7 per cent higher total DMP/yeer than pure lucerne and pure fodder maize respectively. Lucerne + grain maize stand resulted in 30.9 per cent higher DMP/year then pure lucerne The reduction in the total DMP/year in lucerns+grain maize stand is only 4 per cent as compared to pure grain maize.
EFFECT OF AMITRAZ AND SELECTED INSECTICIDES ON BOLLWORMS AND COTTON PLANTS
Authors:   Research Assitant, Agricultural Research Station Dharwad 580 008, R.A BALIKAI , K JAIRAO ,   Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad,Karnataka., T.T THONTADARYA ,   Professor and Head, Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad,Karnataka.
Published: September 2023

Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of amitraz and selected insecticides either alone or their combinations on the growth and yield components of cotton when used for pest control. in the first experiment, omitraz 004% 0.06% and 0 08% treatments recorded the highest parcentage of increase in yield over untreated control and the lowest porcentage of shedding of reproductive parts due to bollworms as compared to standard monocrolophos 01%) Amitraz treat- ments were effective in increasing both vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton plant and were also effective in inducing early maturity. In the second experiment, growth and yield components were high in endosulfan 005%+amitraz 0.03% monocrotophos 0.05% + amitraz 0.03% and carbaryl 0 1% + amitraz 0.03% treatments as compared to endosulfan 0.1% monucrotophos 0.1% and carbaryl 02% alons respectively. Endosulfan 0.05% + amitraz 0.03% recorded the lowest percen- tage of shedding of reproductive parts due to bollworms. None of the insecticides/ insecticide combination tested was phytotoxic to cotton plant.
HETEROSIS IN VARIETAL CROSSES OF SUNFLOWER
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, N Mohamed Sheriff , R Appadurai ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M Rangaswamy ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

Twenty cross combinations in sunflower were studied for heterotic potential in seed yield and its important yield components in Sunflower. Seven crosses exhibited significant heterosis over the respective better parents for seed yield capitulum. Among them the maximum degree of herterosis was realised in the combination EC 85820 x BSH 1. The utility of promising hybrids in sunflower breeding has been discussed.
STUDIES IN POTATO AGRONOMY 1 EFFECT OF LANT DENSITY AND TIME OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO VARIETIES
Authors:   Associate Professor (Agronomy),Brisa Agricultural University,Kanke Ranchi 6, D.C Ghosh
Published: September 2023

Experiments conducted with different plant densities, time of fertilizer application and varieties revealed that a plant density of 100,000 plants/hectare (50 cm x 20 cm spacing) recorded quite high LAI, RGR, NAR and CGR of potato crop in most of the growth stages and this ultimately helped in producing high TGR and finally recorded high tuber yield per plant under this mild and short winter conditions of West Bengal. All growth parameters after their initial rise declined gradually as the crop progressed towards its maturity. Application of fertilizers (150, 100 and 100 kg/ha of N. p., and K,0 respectively) in two splits-half at planting and half at 25 days after planting was found most conducive for high rates of growth and development of this crop particularly at the early growth stages which ultimately produced maxium tuber yield per plant. Both Kufri Chandramukhi and Kufri Jyoti performed well under this conditions, however, Kufri Chandramukhi gave early harvest while Kufri Jyoti produced maximum tuber yield per piant.
RESPONSE OF JL-24 GROUNDNUT TO RATES, TIMES AND METHODS OF GYPSUM APPLICATION
Authors:   National Agricultural Research Project Tirupati, V Sridhar , M.S Soundararajan ,   National Agricultural Research Project Tirupati, R Sudhakara Reo ,   National Agricultural Research Project Tirupati, C Sreeramulu ,   National Agricultural Research Project Tirupati
Published: September 2023

in sandy loam soil top dressing of 500 kg/ha gypsum over a basal dressing of the recommended dose of NP at 30 days after sowing (DAS) coinciding with first flowers appearance increased significantly tost weight of pod and kernels, shelling outturn and pod yield of spanish groundnut cultivars JL-24 and TCG 1704 (Pre- release variety. Delayed application at 45 or 60 DAS decreased the pod yield. There was further yield reduction when gypsum was applied to the plant and car- thed up. Eventhough top dressing of 750 kg/ha of gypsum alone increased pod yield over on gypsum application, the increase was highest due to top dressing of 500 kolla with NP. Higher dose of gypsum at 1000 kg,ha depressed pod yield either with or without NP in both JL-24 and TCG 1704. The response of JL-24 and TCG 1704 per unit of gypsum was 6.95 and 6.53 kg of pods respectively The highest additional net return wos with NP and 500 kg/ha of top dressing of gypsum at flower appearance.
STUDIES ON THE ASSOCIATION OF PERENNIAL GRASS (NB-21) LEGUME (LUCERNE) MIXTURE ON THE FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY.
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, V.S SHANMUGASUNDARAM
Published: September 2023

The results revealed that the growth attributes of grass as pure and as mixture (Grass + legume) were not materially altered by the inter cropping of lucerne. Nitrogen and phosphorus had less influence in the mixture. Nitrogen caused a positive response in shoot-root ratio N and P had no effect in increasing the LAI in grass- legume mixture
SEED AND SEEDLING PHYSIOLOGY OF GREENGRAM GENOTYPES (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) IN RELATION TO YIELD
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Crop PHysiology, Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai 626 101 Tamil Nadu, V THANDAPANI
Published: September 2023

The comparative assessment of seed and seedling physiology, water absorption rato, coefficient of velocity of garmination (CVG), vigour index (VI), shoot and root characters showed high significance and reliability in the evaluation of greengram geno- types. Study of seed leachates showed that members of the low yielding group, leached more of total sugars, total amino acids and potassium as compared to medium or high yielders, Leaching out of useful substances, beyond a level as noted in low vielders is not desirable.
LEAF GROWTH ATTRIBUTES AS COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR THE GENOTYPES OF GREENGRAM (Vigna radiata (L.) WILCZEK) IN RELATION TO YIELD
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Crop PHysiology, Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai 626 101 Tamil Nadu, V THANDAPANI
Published: September 2023

Among growth parameters the usefulness of Leaf Area (LA) and Leaf index (LAI) et peak Vegetative and peak flowering was evident. Specific Leaf weight (SLW) at Vegetative and stray flowering stages appeared to condition the yielding ability.
STUDIES ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM CULTURES
Authors:   Water Management Scheme Jaggayyapet, B SREEMANNARAYANA
Published: September 2023

Studies on the chemical composition viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, starch ash contents and protein quality in certain sorghum varieties showed that all the varie- ties tested differed significantly in nitrogen, potassium and starch contents, while the phosphorus and ash contents showed no significant differences. All the varieties differed significantly in their protein content and showed no statistical significance as far as leucine content is concerned. Simple correlations showed significant nega- tive correlation between nitrogen and leucine, potassium and leucine and grain yield and leucine. Ash and starch content showed significant positive correlation, Energy values of different varieties, calculated based on starch content varied from 1109.11 to 1315.39 calories per Lb. of sample.
GENOTYPE x ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR SEED YIELD IN CASTORBEAN
Authors:   S-2 (Plant Breeding) Central Arld Zone Research Institute, Jodhapur, A HENRY , H.S DAULAY ,   Scientist S-3(Agronomy),Central Arld Zone Research Institute, Jodhapur 342 003
Published: September 2023

Twelve promising genotypes of castorsean (Ricinus communis L.) were evaluated for seed yield during monsoon season of 1978, 1980, 1981 and 1982. Genotype x en- vironment interactions were significant indicating the differential response of genotypes. A major portion of the interaction was accounted for by the presence of linear compo- nent although non-linear component was also significant. The genotypes (Aruna) and (279) appeared best suited for favourable growing seasons, whereas genotypes 1578 and R 63 gave stable performance under fluctuating environmental conditions.
INSECTICIDES RESIDUES IN RICE
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K RAJUKKANNU , P DORAISAMY ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

Application of certain organophosphatic insecticides viz., fenthion, phosphamidon, monocrotophos, dimethoate, fenitrothion, phosalone chlorpyriphos, methyl parathion, dichlorvos and quinalphos to rice (var: IR 20) at 0.05 per cent concentration 20, 35 and 50 days after transplanting had not left any residues (45 days after the last spray) in the hand pounded rice. The dissipation of fonthion and dichlorvos was found total as neither the hand pounded rice nor the bran and straw contained any amount of residues. Although some of them had left residues in bran and straw, they were found well below the tolerance levels. The study has suggested that all the insecticides tried in this investigation could be safely used for the protection of rice crop it used 45 days before harvest,
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF N, P, K AND S ON GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF CORN (Zea mays L.)
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural  University of Maiduguri, C.S KARGBO
Published: September 2023

The effect of foliar application of N, P, K and S on the grain yield and yield components of corn was investigated. The results showed that neither the fifteen factorial treatments alone nor all the twenty-eight treatments used had a significant effect, (P<0.05) on the grain yield and yield components, However, the grain yield of the factorial treatments was positively and significantly correlated with seed size, (P<0.01) and car length, (P <0.05), but both yield components did not significantly. influence grain yield. Based upon these results, foliar application of micro-nutrients on corn to increase grain yields may not be worthwhile.
INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON CROPPING SYSTEMS IN DRYLANDS OF PENNAGARAM TALUK OF DHARMAPURI DISTRICT
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Agronomy,Regional Research Station,, Paiyur 635 112 Tamil Nadu., M.N BUDHARI , R RAMASAMY ,   Associate Professor, Agronomy,Regional Research Station,, Paiyur 635 112 Tamil Nadu.
Published: September 2023

Rainfall data for 37 years (1947-83) relating to Pennagaram taluk in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu have analysed and interpreted in terms of coefficient of variation and dependability. The traditional cropping systems now in vogue are discus- sed, Improved cropping systems based on the information on rainfall pattern have been proposed for increased rainfall use efficiency and income to dryland farmers.
CRITERIA FOR CHOICE OF CHARACTERS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SELECTION INDICES IN GREENGRAM.
Authors:   Orissa Univ. of Agri., and Technology. Regional Research Station,Bhubaneswar 751 003 Orissa., R.C MISRA
Published: September 2023

Five genetle parameters viz. heritability (h), genetic advance (GA.), genotypic correlation of characters with yield (rg). h.rg and path-coefficient of the characters on yield (p) were estimated using 30 varieties of greengram (Vigna radiata Wilczek). Based on these parameters as the criteria five groups of 1 to 9 characters selection indices were constructed. Expected genetic gain in yield due to the indices were com- puted and their efficiency over direct selection for yield per se was assessed. In all the five groups the efficiency of the ludices increased gradually with addition of char- acters to the indices. Combined direct and indirect selection was found to be more effective than indirect selection alone. The path-coefficient values of the characters on yield (p) was found to be the best criterian for choice of characters for construction of indices. The 6-character index based on pods/plant, 1000-seed wt., seeds, pods, reproductive period, clusters/plant, and yield/plant was found to be most efficient index in realising genetic advance in yield. Inclusion of characters like length of pod and niant height did not add much to the efficiency of indices.
INFLUENCE OF N-LEVELS ON THE YIELD AND UPTAKE BY CERTAIN CROPS AND THEIR IMPACT ON N-EFFICIENCY AND RECOVERY
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, PERUMALI RANI , P RAMANATHAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A CHANDRASEKARAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, T.S MANICKAM ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G.V KOTHANDARAMANA ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

Comparative efficiency of different levels of nitrogen application and their impact on yield, uptake, N-use efficiency and N-recovery were studied with rice-Bhavani (Soil- Typic Haplustall), ragi-Co 11, Groundnut-Pol. 2 (Soil Typic Ustorthent), and Cotton- MCU 5 (Soil Typic Chromustert). Nitrogen fertilizer incorporation exhibited a general increase in the yield and uptake of nitrogen by crops, which was more prominent and significant by the addition of 100 kg N/ha for rice, 45 kg N/ha for ragi, 10 kg N/ha for groundnut and 60 kg N/ha for Cotton. Beyond these levels, the yield increases were not apparent, Added fertilizer N and its positive effect in enhancing the N use offi- ciency/recovery and economy were well manifested at the lower N-levels. The lower efficiency and recovery of fertilizer N at higher N-application rates could be due to higher N-losses associated with larger dressings.
BIO-CHEMICAL STUDIES IN CO H. 1 MAIZE SEED DURING STORAGE
Authors:   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, K KRISHNAVENI , K.R RAMASAMY ,   Dean, (Agri) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: September 2023

Seeds obtained from the mother crop fertilized with N. P and K at the rate. of 200. 100 and 100 kg/ha and packed in 700 gauge thick polyethylene bag recorded lower values for electrical conductivity and leaching of free amino acids and sugars than that obtained from other treatments.
ZINC FIXING CAPACITY OF RICE SOILS.
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R NAGARAJAN , T.S MANICKAM ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: September 2023

An incubation study with labelled 65Zn was conducted to study the pattern of release and fixation of added 65Zn in 15 representative rice soils of Tamil Nadu at 10 levels of added 65Zn viz., 0. 2.5, 5.0. 7.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100/u/g of soil. The result showed that the DTPA extractable 65Zn was a function of added 65Zn and the rate of extractability was more in coarse textured soils than in clayey solls. The rate of extractability of added 65za had positive correlations with fine and coarse sand fractions and negative relationships with clay and organic carbon content of the soils. The Zn, fixing capacity revealed an exactly opposite trend to that of Zn extractability indicating higher Zn fixing capacity in clayey soils than the sandy loam soils.