bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintomatologia de depressão autorreferida por idosos que vivem em comunidade
Authors: Oliveira Marcos Francisco de , Bezerra Valéria Peixoto , Silva Antonia Oliveira , Alves Maria do Socorro Costa Feitosa , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Caldas Célia Pereira
Published: August 2012

Este estudo exploratório quantitativo objetivou avaliar a sintomatologia da depressão autorreferida por idosos, considerando variáveis sociodemográficas. Os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada envolvendo 240 idosos residentes em João Pessoa (PB), no período de outubro a dezembro de 2010, foram analisados pelos softwares Excel e SPSS. Verificou-se que 75,8% não apresentaram grau de sintomatologia de depressão e 24,2% manifestaram depressão leve ou severa. De acordo com essas varáveis, nesses idosos com grau depressivo verificou-se que: em relação à faixa etária, aqueles com grau depressivo leve e severo destacam maior frequência entre 71 a 76 anos, 31,0%; com relação ao gênero, o feminino destaca-se com 86,0%; sobre o estado civil, os casados com 41,3% e os viúvos com 34,5%; considerando-se a renda familiar, os de 01 até 03 salários mínimos, 50%, apresentaram grau leve; com vistas à escolaridade, dos que não evidenciaram grau de depressão, 84,6%, sabem ler e escrever. Portanto, pode afirmar-se que a sintomatologia da depressão em idosos apresenta relação com as condições socioeconômicas e culturais, fortalecendo a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde que garantam um atendimento integral e de qualidade, considerando essas variáveis.
Padrões de inversão do sujeito na escrita brasileira do século 19: evidências empíricas para a hipótese de competição de gramáticas
Authors: Coelho Izete Lehmkuhl , Martins Marco Antonio
Published: August 2012

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma análise dos padrões de inversão do sujeito, restrita a orações em que há um constituinte em posição pré-verbal (em contextos XV(S)), em uma amostra extraída de cinco peças de teatro escritas por brasileiros nascidos no curso do século 19, no litoral de Santa Catarina. A perspectiva teórica assumida buscará conciliar a gradação observada entre formas em variação em textos escritos e uma interpretação gramatical (estrutural) da mudança sintática (KROCH, 1989). Os resultados atestam a recorrência de diferentes padrões de inversão: (i) construções com inversão inacusativa, que são encontradas tanto nas gramáticas do Português Antigo (PA), quanto na do Português do Brasil (PB) (ou mesmo do Português Europeu (PE)); (ii) construções XVS, com inversão do sujeito (pronominal) em construções com verbos não inacusativos - inversão germânica - que parecem superficializar estruturas geradas pela gramática do PA; e (iii) construções YXV, em que o sujeito ocupa sempre a posição pré-verbal (XSV ou SXV), associadas a estruturas geradas pela gramática do PB (ou mesmo do PE). Interpretamos esses padrões empíricos como construções geradas por estruturas que refletem nos textos a competição de diferentes gramáticas do português.
Denominal Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese: distinguishing between diachronic and synchronic structures within Distributed Morphology approach
Authors: Bassani Indaiá de Santana
Published: August 2012

Recent work on argument structure has shown that there must be a synchronic relation between nouns and derived verbs that can be treated in structural terms. However, a simple phonological/morphological identity or diachronic derivation between a verb and a noun cannot guarantee that there is a denominal structure in a synchronic approach. In this paper we observe the phenomenon of Denominal Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese and argue for a distinction between etymological and synchronic morphological derivation. The objectives of this paper are 1) to identify synchronic and formal criteria to define which diachronic Denominal Verbs can also be considered denominal under a synchronic analysis; and 2) to detect in which cases the label "denominal" can be justifiably abandoned. Based on results of argument structure tests submitted to the judgments of native speakers, it was possible to classify the supposed homogenous Denominal Verbs class into three major groups: Real Denominal Verbs, Root-derived Verbs, and Ambiguous Verbs. In a Distributed Morphology approach, it was possible to explain the distinction between these groups based on the ideia of phases in words and the locality of restriction in the interpretation of roots.
Benchmark Study: II. A 2010 Survey to Assess Grower Awareness of and Attitudes toward Glyphosate Resistance
Authors: Prince Joby M. , Shaw David R. , Givens Wade A. , Newman Michael E. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Weller Stephen C. , Young Bryan G. , Wilson Robert G. , Jordan David L.
Published: August 2012

A 2010 survey of 1,299 corn, cotton, and soybean growers was conducted to determine their attitudes and awareness regarding glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and resultant implications on weed management practices. An additional 350 growers included in the current study participated in a 2005 survey, and these answers were compared across time so that cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of responses could be made. Most growers surveyed in 2010 were aware of the potential for weeds to evolve resistance to glyphosate; however, many growers were not aware of glyphosate resistance in specific weeds in their county or state. Growers in the South were different from growers in other geographic regions and were significantly more aware of local cases of GR weeds. Awareness of GR weeds did not increase appreciably from 2005 to 2010, but the percentage who reported GR weeds as problematic was significantly higher. Grower reports of GR weeds on-farm in 2010 were up considerably from 2005, with growers in the South reporting significantly more instances than growers in other regions. Growers in the South were also more likely to consider glyphosate resistance a serious problem. Overall, 30% of growers did not consider GR weeds to be a problem. It appears that most growers received information about glyphosate resistance from farm publications, although in the South this percentage was less than for other geographic regions. Growers in the South received more information from universities and extension sources.
Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa Response to Harvest Frequency and Weed Management
Authors: Min Doo-Hong , Dietz Timothy S. , Everman Wesley J. , Chomas Andrew J. , Kells James J. , Leep Richard H.
Published: August 2012

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) alfalfa offers growers new options for weed control in alfalfa. One potential benefit of using GR alfalfa is increased longevity of an alfalfa stand under frequent harvests. It was hypothesized that GR alfalfa would have a greater longevity because of removal of weed interference with minimal crop injury. To study GR alfalfa yield, weed invasion, alfalfa stand persistence, and relative forage quality (RFQ), a field experiment with three weed control methods (no herbicide, glyphosate, and hexazinone) under two harvest frequencies (high and moderate) was established in August 2003 at the Michigan State University Agronomy Farm in East Lansing, MI. Forage yield of established alfalfa was not adversely affected by herbicide treatments. There were no differences in weed biomass between alfalfa treated with glyphosate and that treated with hexazinone, except in 2007. Average GR alfalfa stand density decreased approximately 90% (from 236 to 27 plant m−2), and yield decreased approximately 30% (from 11.04 to 7.87 Mg ha−1) during the 7-yr period (2004 to 2010) of the experiment. Stand density of GR alfalfa showed natural thinning during the 7-yr period regardless of harvest intensity or herbicide treatment. In most production years (4 out of 5 yr), relative forage quality of GR alfalfa was higher under a high-intensity harvesting system (4 to 5 harvests yr−1) than it was with a moderate intensity harvesting system (3 to 4 harvests yr−1). Relative forage quality was not affected by weed removal with herbicides in most years. Weed removal and harvest intensity in established GR alfalfa had no effect on stand persistence.
Sulfonylurea Herbicides' Fate in Soil: Dissipation, Mobility, and Other Processes
Authors: Grey Timothy L. , McCullough Patrick E.
Published: August 2012

Sulfonylurea herbicides used in turfgrass—including chlorsulfuron, flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, metsulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron—are all weak acids, with disassociation constants ranging from 3.3 to 5.2. Sulfonylureas are used at low rates ranging from 4 to 280 g ha−1. Although these use rates put their soil concentration in parts per billion, they still have residual activity with variable persistence. They have limited susceptibility to soil leaching with weak adsorption to soil clay minerals. Sulfonylurea herbicides used in turfgrass have variable soil organic matter adsorption, which is soil dependent. The persistence and activity of these sulfonylureas are affected by soil pH. At soil pH of 7.0 and greater, some of these sulfonylurea herbicides tend to persist for longer periods with half-lives extending into years rather than days. In normal use patterns with soil pH of 7.0 and less, dissipation occurs via chemical hydrolysis and microbial degradation with half-lives ranging from days to months. Overall, sulfonylurea herbicide adsorption is negatively correlated to increasing pH (increased persistence) and positively correlated to increased organic matter (decreased activity).
Selective Herbicides for Bald Cypress Restoration and Cultivation
Authors: Osiecka Anna , Minogue Patrick J.
Published: August 2012

Studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate herbicides having both PRE and POST activity for selective weed control in bald cypress plantings. Five herbicides were applied at two or three rates at two different timings. The first timing was to dormant seedlings without foliage and prior to weed emergence (i.e., PRE). The second timing was to foliated seedlings with established weed seedlings present (i.e., POST). Herbicide treatments included aminopyralid at 70 and 120 g ae ha−1, hexazinone at 420 and 560 g ai ha−1, imazapyr at 140 and 210 g ae ha−1, sulfometuron methyl at 110, 160, and 210 g ai ha−1, and flumioxazin at 290 and 430 g ai ha−1. Herbicide rate had little effect on vegetation control. PRE-applied sulfometuron methyl was most effective, providing nearly complete control of graminoids and broadleaves at 60 d after treatment (DAT). POST-applied treatments were generally less effective, though in the 2008 study imazapyr and sulfometuron methyl resulted in approximately 60% bare ground at 60 DAT. Growth of bald cypress seedlings was enhanced by both PRE- and POST-applied sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin, or hexazinone and by PRE imazapyr. The best bald cypress growth response followed POST-applied sulfometuron methyl at 210 g ha−1, which resulted in 63 cm3mean volume index, more than fivefold greater than the nontreated check. Aminopyralid caused severe and lasting seedling injury. POST-applied imazapyr resulted in fasciculation and no growth benefit, despite providing the most efficacious weed control among POST treatments. Survival and growth of bald cypress can be greatly enhanced with a single selective herbicide treatment using sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin, or hexazinone applied before or following foliation in the spring.
Evolved Resistance to Glyphosate in Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) from the Tropical Ord River Region in Australia
Authors: Gaines Todd A. , Cripps Andrew , Powles Stephen B.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was to determine whether a junglerice population from the tropical Ord River region of northwest Australia was glyphosate resistant, and whether alternative herbicides labeled for junglerice control were still effective. Seed samples collected from the field site were initially screened with glyphosate in the glasshouse, and surviving individuals were self-pollinated for subsequent glyphosate dose-response studies. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed, as the suspected resistant population was found to be 8.6-fold more resistant to glyphosate than a susceptible population based on survival (LD50of 3.72 kg ha−1), and 5.6-fold more resistant based on biomass reduction (GR50of 1.16 kg ha−1). The glyphosate-resistant population was susceptible to label-recommended doses of all other herbicides assessed, including three acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) –inhibiting herbicides (fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim), two acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides (imazamox and sulfometuron), paraquat, and glufosinate. Glyphosate resistance has previously evolved in numerous species found in glyphosate-resistant cropping systems, no-till chemical fallow, fence line, and perennial crop situations. Here we report the evolution of glyphosate resistance in a cropping system that included annual tillage. The evolution of glyphosate resistance in junglerice from a tropical cropping system further demonstrates the need for improved glyphosate stewardship practices globally.
Mentoring Undergraduate Students With Aspirations for Clinically Relevant Work: The Bard College Model
Authors: Gershuny Beth S. , Klerk Helena de
Published: August 2012

Although articles abound on the nature of the mentoring relationship for graduate students in clinical psychology, we were able to identify very few publications that address mentoring and advising undergraduate students interested in clinically relevant fields (e.g., clinical psychology, psychiatry, social work). To address this gap in the literature, we review the extant literature and offer specific suggestions and models for undergraduate education and training. In addition, we offer an advising rubric for undergraduate faculty to use as a guide with students interested in clinical realms.
17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase (P450 ) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Review
Authors: Owen Caroline P.
Published: August 2012

Prostate cancer is an age-related disease and a major cause of death in Western countries. A large proportion of prostate cancers have been found to be dependent on androgens for growth and various therapeutic approaches have aimed at either decreasing androgen levels or blocking their action. One method of decreasing androgen levels is through inhibition of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway, for example, the P450 enzyme complex 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (P450 ), which catalyses the conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone into the androgen precursors dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione respectively. A number of researchers have targeted this enzyme and have produced potent steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors. This review looks at the various inhibitors that have been developed, focussing mainly on more recent inhibitors reported over the last ten years. Some mention is also given to structural requirements suggested to be important for potent activity.
Jewish Denominations and Longevity
Authors: Abel Ernest L. , Kruger Michael L.
Published: August 2012

This study examined the relationship between affiliation with one of three denominations within Judaism representing a conservative-liberal continuum of Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism. The criterion for affiliation was burial in a cemetery maintained by these denominations. Longevities of married congregants born 1850–1910 were compared, controlling for birth year. Orthodox Jews had the shortest life spans (77 years); Conservative and Reform Jews had very similar life spans (80.7 years). Differences in years of survival of husbands after death of a spouse did not differ significantly. Reform widows survived longest (16.5 years) after death of a spouse. Conservative and Reform widows did not differ significantly from one another.
The Narrative Dynamics of Grief after Homicide
Authors: Rynearson Edward K.
Published: August 2012

The homicidal death of a loved one is horrific. Dying from homicide can be more sudden, frightening, and stigmatizing than natural dying and may be followed by a sub-type of prolonged grief complicated by vivid narrative reenactment of the dying, intense feelings of remorse, and nihilistic despair. After a literature review of grief after homicide, the author clarifies the salient narrative themes of homicidal dying and their specific effects on trauma and separation distress. A preliminary model is then developed and illustrated in a therapy case outlining a technique (imaginative exposure) to diminish the disabling fixation of reenactment imagery, remorse, and despair.
Adjunctive Treatment with Gabapentin in Bipolar Patients during Acute Mania
Authors: Astaneh Ali Nazeri , Rezaei Omid
Published: August 2012

Objective:

In this clinical trial, we studied the effects of adjunctive treatment with gabapentin in controlling the symptoms of acute mania in patients admitted with bipolar disorder.

Method:

Sixty patients with bipolar disorder (30 men and 30 women) admitted in the acute phase of mania were categorized as case and control groups, each holding 30 patients. Both groups were treated with lithium for 6 weeks and the case group received an adjunctive treatment with 900 mg gabapentin simultaneously. All patients were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the trial using Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and two groups were compared for improvement in acute symptoms.

Findings:

The final score of YMRS was significantly improved in the case group compared to the control group ( p = 0.00). The improvement of YMRS score was not significantly different between men and women and between different age groups.

Conclusion:

Adjunctive treatment with gabapentin is effective for controlling symptoms of acute mania.
Fourth-Estate Finger-Pointing: Political Localization in Bailout Rhetoric
Authors: Morrison Steve D.
Published: August 2012

This article examines how two print media outlets, one liberal and one conservative, contextualize the 2008 bank bailout. It argues that political media can be seen as examples of Appadurai's localities, promoting individual identity through the creation of narratives of the Other, in keeping with Said's study of Orientalism. By comparing the localizing techniques used in response to the unique political situation of the bailout vote, it is possible to determine the extent to which liberal and conservative localities share identity-producing techniques, and also the extent to which each ideological locality maintains an identity distinct from the partisan localities of the two major U.S. political parties. The results indicate that in this instance both localities share localizing techniques, but differ in their relation to their associated political parties, with the conservative locality subsumed into the Republican Party, but the liberal locality clearly distinct from the Democratic Party.
Preparing Technical Communication Students to Function as User Advocates in a Self-Service Society
Authors: Cleary Yvonne , Flammia Madelyn
Published: August 2012

The self-service nature of today's society means that technical communicators are needed more than ever before since users may find themselves struggling to make sense of online documentation with minimal support from the institutions that provide it. Certain demographics within the user population (older adults, disabled persons, non-native speakers) may face serious challenges when trying to use self-service documentation. Technical communication educators should prepare students to function as user advocates for members of these groups. Technical communication students need a thorough understanding of the challenges that may interfere with an audience's ability to use websites and other online documentation. This article suggests ways to help students gain this understanding through course content and by structuring service-learning and virtual team projects in which students can put their newly-developed understanding into practice.
Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010
Authors: Jaworski Leszek , Swiatek Anna
Published: August 2012

Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010

The integration of ASG-EUPOS network with the national first order networks was prepared in two measurement campaigns carried out in 2008 and 2010/2011. The measurements included a total of 340 points of POLREF - the first order national GNSS network. That set of data gives the possibility for comparison of solutions prepared for comprehensive analysis of the points' position and coordinates changes in the long term. Because the results of POLREF were not published the paper includes a brief description of campaigns from 1994 and 1995 and prepared solutions as well as the results of coordinates comparison with campaigns 2008 and 2010/2011. For points of significant deviations in coordinates the analysis of causes was presented.
Statistical View on Phase and Magnitude Information in Signal Processing
Authors: Popiński Waldemar
Published: August 2012

Statistical View on Phase and Magnitude Information in Signal Processing

In this work the problem of reconstruction of an original complex-valued signalot,t= 0, 1, …,n- 1, from its Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spectrum corrupted by random fluctuations of magnitude and/or phase is investigated. It is assumed that the magnitude and/or phase of discrete spectrum values are distorted by realizations of uncorrelated random variables. The obtained results of analysis of signal reconstruction from such distorted DFT spectra concern derivation of the expected values and bounds on variances of the reconstructed signal at the observation moments. It is shown that the considered random distortions in general entail change in magnitude and/or phase of the reconstructed signal expected values, which together with imposed random deviations with finite variances can blur the similarity to the original signal. The effect of analogous random amplitude and/or phase distortions of a complex valued time domain signal on band pass filtration of distorted signal is also investigated.
Shock veins in the Sahara 02500 ordinary chondrite
Authors: Owocki Krzysztof , Muszyński Andrzej
Published: August 2012

Shock veins in the Sahara 02500 ordinary chondrite

A specimen of the Sahara 02500 ordinary chondrite contains shock-produced veins consisting of recrystallised fine-grained pyroxenes that include small droplets of Ni-rich metal. Non-melted olivines and pyroxenes show planar deformations filled by shock-melted and -polluted metal and troilite. Shock-melted feldspathic glass is present close to the shock veins. Geothermometric estimations indicate that the meteorite locally experienced moderate shock metamorphism with a minimum local peak temperature above 1400°C, resulting in partial melting of Ca-poor pyroxene and full melting of feldspars, metal and sulphides. The mineral assemblage in the shock veins suggests a pressure during melt recrystallisation below 10 GPa.
Palaeontology of the Middle Turonian limestones of the Nysa Kłodzka Graben (Sudetes, SW Poland): biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications
Authors: Chrząstek Alina
Published: August 2012

Palaeontology of the Middle Turonian limestones of the Nysa Kłodzka Graben (Sudetes, SW Poland): biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications

The ammonitesLewesiceras peramplumMantell and?Lewesicerassp. are reported from the Upper Cretaceous in the Nysa Kłodzka Graben; they date from the Middle Turonian and ?Coniacian, respectively. The Middle Turonian limestones of the Stara Bystrzyca quarry contain an abundant assemblage of inoceramids (Inoceramus cuvieriSowerby and I. lamarcki Parkinson) and other bivalves, including oysters, as well as brachiopods and trace fossils. Micropalaeontological data show the presence of foraminifers and siliceous sponge spiculae, bryozoans, ostracods and fragments of bivalves and gastropods. The Middle Turonian calcareous deposits belongs to the upper part of theInoceramus lamarckiZone (late Middle Turonian) and were deposited on a shallow, subtidal offshore shelf. They overlie the Middle Turonian Bystrzyca and Długopole Sandstones, which represent foreshore-shoreface delta deposits. The fossil assemblage suggests a moderate- to low-energy, normal-salinity environment with occasionally an oxygen deficit.
Reflection of Plane Waves in a Rotating Transversly Isotropic Magneto-Thermoelastic Solid Half-Space
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Yadav Anand
Published: August 2012

Reflection of Plane Waves in a Rotating Transversly Isotropic Magneto-Thermoelastic Solid Half-Space

The governing equations of a rotating transversely isotropic magneto-thermoelastic medium are solved to obtain the velocity equation, which indicates the existence of three quasi plane waves. Reflection of these plane waves from a stress-free thermally insulated surface is studied to obtain the reflection coefficients of various reflected waves. The effects of anisotropy, rotation, thermal and magnetic fields are shown graphically on these coefficients.
“Gang” as Empty Signifier in Contemporary Canadian Newspapers
Authors: Richardson Chris , Kennedy Liam
Published: August 2012

The word gang appears frequently in newspapers. The meaning of this term, however, varies greatly depending on context. This study examines its different significations in the top-selling English-language newspapers in Canada. Taking almost 3,900 occurrences of the term and its variants (gangs, ganging, and ganged) in the Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, the Vancouver Sun, and Montreal's Gazette, the authors analyse how journalists deploy the concept of gangs to describe diverse subjects from vandalism by teenagers to extortion by organized crime syndicates to terrorist plots by religious extremists as well as simply groups of friends or acquaintances with no criminal connections. Using Ernesto Laclau's concept of the empty signifier as the main theoretical framework, the authors argue that “gang” has been emptied of its meaning and, while its current uses are not necessarily indicative of conspiratorial or ideological strategies, this ambiguity risks being appropriated within hegemonic political discourses if not questioned and reassessed by journalists and readers. The authors conclude by suggesting ways to combat this problem of ambiguity and highlight the political implications that future researchers may explore in relation to mediated representations of crime.
Polish Resistance of Fine Aggregates in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
Authors: Fowler David W. , Rached Marc M.
Published: August 2012

Many state agencies have limited the use of some sources of fine aggregates in portland cement concrete pavements because of possible skid issues related to the incorporation of such sands. The Texas Department of Transportation, for example, has adopted the acid-insoluble residue (AIR) test to identify polish-resistant aggregates. Because calcium carbonate is soluble in acid, no carbonate sand passes the AIR test, which has a minimum limit of 60% AIR in Texas. This paper describes research that evaluated the polish resistance of aggregates with a laboratory concrete performance test. Concrete slabs made with different fine aggregates were evaluated for skid with the use of a circular track meter, a dynamic friction tester, and a three-wheel polishing device. For each concrete slab tested, the change in texture and friction was monitored for 160,000 polishing cycles. To ensure that the values obtained in the laboratory related to field performance, test sections constructed with 100% limestone sand and blended sands were also evaluated. Results show that some aggregates that failed the AIR test performed as well as some siliceous fine aggregates that passed the AIR test. Other aggregate tests such as the fine aggregates micro-Deval have been shown to relate more closely to the concrete performance tests performed under laboratory conditions. Results obtained from laboratory and field testing showed that blending small quantities of siliceous sand with limestone sands considerably increased the skid resistance of concrete.
Steel Slag Aggregate Used in Portland Cement Concrete
Authors: Fronek Brad , Bosela Paul , Delatte Norbert
Published: August 2012

The issue of sustainability in the built environment is increasingly important, particularly in the transportation sector. In some cases slags from the iron and steel industries can be used to replace natural aggregates in construction. In this research, laboratory investigations of the use of steel slag as a portland cement concrete (PCC) aggregate were reviewed. Much of this research took place outside the United States. Some limited field cases of the use of steel slag in pavements were found. In at least two cases dramatic pavement failure resulted, but it is not known whether the slag used in the applications had been properly aged as required by modern specifications. Research on the use of steel slag aggregate in PCC has been carried out in Spain, Germany, Canada, Italy, India, and Saudi Arabia. Despite some limited field applications, virtually all research has been done in the laboratory. Much of this work shows that properly aged steel slag can be nonexpansive when used in PCC. When these research results are evaluated, it is important to consider the properties of the slags used because they may differ from the slags produced in the United States due to differences in sources or industrial processes. Several state department of transportation specifications were reviewed, and they generally do not permit the use of steel slag as a PCC aggregate. Steel slag represents a small part of the total aggregates currently used, but it is an alternative material that should be considered where it makes economic sense.
Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Jaynes Carla , Lethco Trent , Khuong Yennga , Riscica Vincent
Published: August 2012

Over the past 20 years, federal transportation policy and funding initiatives—such as the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991; the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century; Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users; Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery Grants; and the Partnership for Sustainable Communities—have opened doors to establishing sustainable transportation policy in the United States. However, these initiatives have not always resulted in transformative change. A clear path to actionable, sustainable transportation policy requires a change within the local and regional agencies tasked with establishing and implementing the policy. This paper documents the incremental changes in departments of transportation and planning in seven American cities (Charlotte, North Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; New York; Portland, Oregon; and Washington, D.C.) that have enabled a shift toward sustainable transportation policy. Interviews with key transportation leaders in each city revealed the methods used to implement more sustainable transport. These methods serve as a blueprint for other leaders who wish to create similar changes in their own cities.
Institutionalizing Sustainability at the Level of State Departments of Transportation
Authors: Mansfield Theodore J. , Hartell Ann M.
Published: August 2012

The quality of the sustainability plans of 11 state departments of transportation (DOTs) is systematically assessed with a content analysis methodology. Analysis reveals that state DOTs that have created a sustainability plan are also likely to have developed a policy framework aligned with the principles of sustainable transportation within their plan. The quality of a sustainability plan is driven by the strength of its policy framework, including plan visions, goals, policies, strategies, and performance measures. External drivers of plan quality include the presence of a prescriptive state sustainability mandate, external funding for plan development, and the involvement of a policy entrepreneur in plan development. Prescriptive mandates and external funding bolster the quality of the plan development process and the degree to which the plan is integrated with existing policies and practices of the DOT and other agencies. A policy entrepreneur's involvement in plan development strengthens the policy framework and helps unify plan content toward a consistent vision. In addition to conclusions relating to the development of transportation sustainability plans, this study illustrates the value of systematic and objective content analyses in assessing the quality of transportation planning documents.
Examining Barriers to Sustainable Intercity Transportation in Ireland
Authors: Cafferkey Gerard , Caulfield Brian
Published: August 2012

Over the past decade the Irish government has invested intensively in a large national motorway network. One benefit of this investment is that intercity travel has become considerably cheaper and quicker by car than by any other mode. The main objective of this research was to identify and examine the barriers to sustainable intercity transportation in Ireland. The majority of sustainable transportation research has occurred in an urban context; little research has focused on understanding the factors that encourage alternative modes for intercity trips. A stated preference study was conducted to determine which factors affect individuals' mode choice for an intercity trip. The results of this paper demonstrated that several factors affected individuals' mode choice for an intercity trip; the main factor was the requirement to have a car in the destination city.
Framework for Aggregating Highway Asset Performance Measures
Authors: Dehghanisanij Mohammadsaied , Flintsch Gerardo W. , Verhoeven Jack
Published: August 2012

Transportation infrastructure engineers and managers have realized the importance of appropriate performance assessment and its impact on overall infrastructure performance and condition. The need for robust, comprehensive, and informative performance measures requires further research and study. Recently, the Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure at the Transportation Institute of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University proposed a flexible framework to aggregate condition measures for different highway infrastructure assets and to translate the measures into corridor health indicators. Health indicators for one asset are aggregated into an associated asset health rating, and all asset health ratings are combined into a corridor health rating. This paper modifies this framework to develop a robust performance assessment method that can be used to determine the impact of investment decisions on various dimensions of performance at the corridor level. Instead of aggregating health indicators of an asset into one asset health rating, the method proposes aggregating similar health indicators of different assets into the associated corridor health indicators to develop corridor performance measures. The application of the methodology on a segment of Interstate 81 suggests that the modified approach enables consistent monitoring of different health indicators at the corridor level. The corridor indicators are homogeneous (combined from similar health indicators of different assets). The practicality of the approach is illustrated through its application in a resource allocation example. The results show that decision makers can use the framework as a guideline to allocate resources across different highway assets.
Synthesis of Disaccharides Containing 6-Deoxy-a-L-talose as Potential Heparan Sulfate Mimetics
Authors: Fairweather Jon K. , Liu Ligong , Karoli Tomislav , Ferro Vito
Published: August 2012

A 6-deoxy-a-L-talopyranoside acceptor was readily prepared from methyl a-L-rhamnopyranoside and glycosylated with thiogalactoside donors using NIS/TfOH as the promoter to give good yields of the desired a-linked disaccharide (69–90%). Glycosylation with a 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl trichloroacetimidate donor was not completely stereoselective (a:b = 6:1), but the desired a-linked disaccharide could be isolated in good overall yield (60%) following conversion into its corresponding tribenzoate derivative. The disaccharides were designed to mimic the heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide GlcN(2S,6S)-IdoA(2S). However, the intermediates readily derived from these disaccharides were not stable to the sulfonation/deacylation conditions required for their conversion into the target HS mimetics.
The Evolution of Intelligent Classifiers into an Integrated Approach to Correct RFID Anomalies
Authors: Darcy Peter , Stantic Bela , Sattar Abdul
Published: August 2012

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to wireless technology that is used to seamlessly and automatically track various amounts of items around an environment. This technology has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of tasks such as shopping and inventory saving commercial organisations both time and money. Unfortunately, the wide scale adoption of RFID systems have been hindered due to issues such as false-negative and false-positive anomalies that lower the integrity of captured data. In this chapter, we propose the utilisation three highly intelligent classifiers, specifically a Bayesian Network, Neural Network and Non-Monotonic Reasoning, to handle missing, wrong and duplicate observations. After discovering the potential from using Bayesian Networks, Neural Networks and Non-Monotonic Reasoning to correct captured data, we decided to improve upon the original approach by combining the three methodologies into an integrated classifier. From our experimental evaluation, we have shown the high results obtained from cleaning both false-negative and false-positive anomalies using each of our concepts, and the potential it holds to enhance physical RFID systems.
Reusing Services through Context-Aware Discovery and Adaptation in Pervasive Systems
Authors: Cubo Javier , Pimentel Ernesto
Published: August 2012

Reusing of software entities, such as components or services, to develop software systems has matured in recent years. However, it has not become standard practice yet, since using pre-existing software requires the selection, composition, adaptation, and evolution of prefabricated software parts. Recent research approaches have independently tackled the discovery, composition, or adaptation processes. On the one hand, the discovery process aims at discovering the most suitable services for a request. On the other hand, the adaptation process solves, as automatically as possible, mismatch cases which may be given at the different interoperability levels among interfaces by generating a mediating adaptor based on an adaptation contract. In this chapter, the authors present the DAMASCo framework, which focuses on composing services in mobile and pervasive systems accessed through their public interfaces, by means of context-aware discovery and adaptation. DAMASCo has been implemented and evaluated on several examples.
A Framework for Situation-Aware Adaptation of Service-Based Applications
Authors: Patiniotiakis Ioannis , Papageorgiou Nikos , Verginadis Yiannis , Apostolou Dimitris , Mentzas Gregoris
Published: August 2012

This work presents Situation Action Networks, a new framework for modeling Service-Based Application adaptation triggered by interesting or critical situations. The framework is based on a goal model able to track at run time the fulfillment of goals. Situation Action Networks are tree-like hierarchical structures which enable goal decomposition into sub-goals and primitive actions in a recursive fashion which provides goal seeking execution plans, as a sequence of primitive actions. Situation Action Networks are dynamic and can evolve at runtime by using their inherent planning capabilities.
F-DRARE
Authors: Tariq Fahad Bin , Korrapati Sandeep
Published: August 2012

Modern systems are designed to have various non-functional attributes such as fault tolerance, robustness, et cetera. The ability of systems to adapt while being connected to a global network as in Cyber Physical Systems, presents new opportunities. Extra-functional qualities may be extended to nodes in the network that initially were devoid of them. It is inevitable that such vast global networks will consist of computationally constrained units. Extending such computationally constrained nodes with the ability to adapt is already a difficult challenge, which becomes more difficult when added with the constraint of timely behavior. In this chapter, the authors present an approach to tackle the issue of runtime adaptation on computationally constrained systems with real-time constraints. The focus is on systems with only a single general purpose processor, with the responsibility to run the system and application software. The authors introduce their framework towards this aim, followed by the architecture and a case study.
Addressing Device-Based Adaptation of Services
Authors: Achilleos Achilleas , Yang Kun , Papadopoulos George A.
Published: August 2012

The rapid growth of the mobile devices market and the increasing requirements of mobile users augment the need to develop Web Service clients that could be deployed and run on both mobile and desktop devices. Different developers attempt to address this heterogeneity requirement and provide solutions that simplify and automate the development of device-aware services. This chapter proposes a Model-Driven Web Service oriented approach, which allows designing and automatically generating mobile and desktop-based clients that are able to invoke ubiquitously Web Services from different devices. This is further enabled via the Web Services Description Language that allows generating the required proxy classes, which support the communication with platform-specific clients. The applicability and efficiency of the approach is demonstrated via the design and development of a device-aware Web Service prototype.
Fault Detection and Isolation for Switching Systems using a Parameter-Free Method
Authors: Hakem Assia , Pekpe Komi Midzodzi , Cocquempot Vincent
Published: August 2012

This chapter addresses the problem of Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) of switching systems where faulty behaviors are represented as faulty modes. The objectives of the online FDI are to identify accurately the current mode and to estimate the switching time. A data-based method is considered here to generate residuals for FDI. Conditions of two important properties, namely discernability between modes and switching detectability, are established. These conditions are different for the two properties. More specifically, it will be shown that a switching occurrence may be detected even if the two considered modes are not discernible. A vehicle rollover prevention example is provided for illustration purpose.
Remote Fault Diagnosis System for Marine Power Machinery System
Authors: Yuan Chengqing , Yan Xinping , Li Zhixiong , Zhang Yuelei , Sheng Chenxing , Zhao Jiangbin
Published: August 2012

Marine power machinery parts are key equipments in ships. Ships always work in rigorous conditions such as offshore, heavy load, et cetera. Therefore, the failures in marine power machinery would badly threaten the safety of voyages. Keeping marine power machineries running reliably is the guarantee of voyage safety. For the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of marine power machinery system, this study established the systemic condition identification approach for the tribo-system of marine power machinery and developed integrated diagnosis method by combining on-line and off-line ways for marine power machinery. Lastly, the remote fault diagnosis system was developed for practical application in marine power machinery, which consists of monitoring system in the ship, diagnosis system in laboratory centre, and maintenance management & maintenance decision support system.
A Hybrid Simulated Annealing and Simplex Method for Fixed-Cost Capacitated Multicommodity Network Design
Authors: Yaghini Masoud , Karimi Mohammad , Rahbar Mohadeseh , Akhavan Rahim
Published: August 2012

The fixed-cost Capacitated Multicommodity Network Design (CMND) problem is a well known NP-hard problem. This paper presents a matheuristic algorithm combining Simulated Annealing (SA) metaheuristic and Simplex method for CMND problem. In the proposed algorithm, a binary array is considered as solution representation and the SA algorithm manages open and closed arcs. Several strategies for opening and closing arcs are proposed and evaluated. In this matheuristic approach, for a given design vector, CMND becomes a Capacitated Multicommodity minimum Cost Flow (CMCF) problem. The exact evaluation of the CMCF problem is performed using the Simplex method. The parameter tuning for the proposed algorithm is done by means of design of experiments approach. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by solving different benchmark instances. The results of the proposed algorithm show that it is able to obtain better solutions in comparison with previous methods in the literature.
Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm for Financial Classification Problems
Authors: Marinakis Yannis , Marinaki Magdalene , Matsatsinis Nikolaos , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: August 2012

Nature-inspired methods are used in various fields for solving a number of problems. This study uses a nature-inspired method, artificial bee colony optimization that is based on the foraging behaviour of bees, for a financial classification problem. Financial decisions are often based on classification models, which are used to assign a set of observations into predefined groups. One important step toward the development of accurate financial classification models involves the selection of the appropriate independent variables (features) that are relevant to the problem. The proposed method uses a discrete version of the artificial bee colony algorithm for the feature selection step while nearest neighbour based classifiers are used for the classification step. The performance of the method is tested using various benchmark datasets from UCI Machine Learning Repository and in a financial classification task involving credit risk assessment. Its results are compared with the results of other nature-inspired methods.
Extraction of Target User Group from Web Usage Data Using Evolutionary Biclustering Approach
Authors: Rathipriya R. , Thangavel K. , Bagyamani J.
Published: August 2012

Data mining extracts hidden information from a database that the user did not know existed. Biclustering is one of the data mining technique which helps marketing user to target marketing campaigns more accurately and to align campaigns more closely with the needs, wants, and attitudes of customers and prospects. The biclustering results can be tuned to find users’ browsing patterns relevant to current business problems. This paper presents a new application of biclustering to web usage data using a combination of heuristics and meta-heuristics algorithms. Two-way K-means clustering is used to generate the seeds from preprocessed web usage data, Greedy Heuristic is used iteratively to refine a set of seeds, which is fast but often yield local optimal solutions. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm is used as a global optimizer that can be coupled with greedy method to identify the global optimal target user groups based on their coherent browsing pattern. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated by conducting experiment on the msnbc, a clickstream dataset from UCI repository. Results show that the proposed work performs well in extracting optimal target users groups from the web usage data which can be used for focalized marketing campaigns.