bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared discovery using a library tool on an interactive tabletop: Team composition, collaboration style and process
Authors: Tang Rong , Quigley Elizabeth , Guillette Jeremy , Erdmann Christopher
Published: May 2014

Sixty Harvard undergraduate students, paired up as 30 two‐person teams, participated in a usability study where they were interviewed and asked to perform eight tasks using the Library Explorer software on the Microsoft PixelSense tabletop. This paper focuses exclusively on the collaboration aspect of the study results. During the research session, participants' verbal responses, their interaction on the table, their collaboration behavior, and task process were recorded. Using a typology of collaboration profiles and collaboration processes, each dyad was coded by their collaboration style and assessed by their collaboration quality. Results show that the majority of the dyads adopted the “turn taker” collaboration style in completing their tasks, and the “driver‐passenger” style was also used frequently. Significant differences were found in team make‐up in terms of the formation of their collaboration style and their likelihood to recommend the tool to others. Knowing their partner prior also influenced the formation of participants' collaboration style. There is a significant correlation between overall collaboration style and the quality of collaboration. The use of collaboration styles such as “turn taker,” “driver passenger” and “independent,” correlate significantly with various quality measures of collaboration. While the “turn taker” style is associated positively with percent of tasks completed successfully, the “driver‐passenger” is inversely correlated with the success rate. There are some preliminary evidences from the results to support Klimoski and Mohammed's (1994) framework which suggests that team capacity leads to team process and then contributes to the team performance. Further analysis on participants' screen touch rate and problem solving strategies may help to examine the deep layer of participants' shared mental model construction and thus reveal the effect of the shared mental model on collaboration quality and task performance.
Linguistic characteristics of eating disorder questions on Yahoo! Answers – content, style, and emotion
Authors: Oh Jung Sun , He Daqing , Jeng Wei , Mattern Eleanor , Bowler Leanne
Published: May 2014

Social Q&A provides the possibility of looking into how people verbally express their information needs in natural language. In this study, we analyzed linguistic properties of different types of questions on the topic of eating disorders in Yahoo! Answers. Using term frequency analysis, Part‐of‐Speech (POS) analysis, and sentiment analysis, we examined linguistic content, linguistic style, and emotional expressions in two broad categories of eating disorder questions from Yahoo! Answers – socio‐emotional questions and informational questions.

Overall, the results of this study show that the language used in these two categories of questions are substantially different, suggesting the different nature of the needs that underlie these questions. Socio‐emotional questions take similar characteristics to personal narratives, focusing on past experiences and emotions. The heavy use of negative emotion words in this question type, along with other distinct linguistic characteristics, suggests that a key motivation of users asking this type of question is to work through their emotions related to the given health issue (eating disorders). On the other hand, informational questions show traits of relatively complex, precise, and objective writing, and reflect much varied interests with regard to the topic of eating disorders.

All in all, this study demonstrates that the combination of simple text analytic techniques reveals much about the linguistic characteristics associated with different kinds of questions, and thereby shed lights on the nature of the needs underneath the questions.
Deconstructing the collaborative impact: Article and author characteristics that influence citation count
Authors: Hurley Lori A. , Ogier Andrea L. , Torvik Vetle I.
Published: May 2014

It is well known that collaborative papers tend to receive more citations than solo‐authored papers. Here we try to identify the subtle factors of this collaborative effect by analyzing metadata and citation counts for co‐authored papers in the biomedical domain, after accounting for attributes known to be strong predictors of citation count. Article‐level metadata were gathered from 98,000 PubMed article records categorized with the term breast neoplasm, a topic offering longevity and relevance across biomedical subdisciplines, and yielding a relatively large sample size. Open access citation data was obtained from PubMed Central (PMC). Author‐level attributes were encoded from disambiguated author name data in PubMed and appended as article‐level attributes of collaborations. A logistic regression model was built to assess the relative weights of these factors as influences on citation counts. As expected, the journal and language of the paper were the strongest predictors. The significance of the number of authors diminished after accounting for other attributes. Some of the more subtle predictors included the group's highest h‐index, which was positively correlated, while the diversity of author h‐indices, minimum professional age, and author's total unique collaborators were negatively correlated. These observations indicate that smaller collaborations composed of early superstars – young, rapidly successful researchers with relatively high and similar h‐indices – may be at least as influential in biomedical research as larger collaborations with different demographics. While minimum h‐index was important, the first author's h‐index was insignificant, underscoring the importance of the middle authors' publishing history. The gender diversity outcomes suggest that mixed groups may be ideal, and further research in this area is indicated.
Challenges of information system use by knowledge workers: The email productivity paradox
Authors: Alberts Inge
Published: May 2014

With the growing importance of social media, cloud computing and mobile device interactions, the digital work environment is being perpetually transformed while forcing users to adapt to the emerging technologies. In this volatile environment, research leading to innovative approaches to better support the information practices of knowledge workers is acquiring a critical importance. Aiming to improve the technological and organizational policy‐making decisions for the implementation of new information systems, this paper examines the current challenges of 34 knowldege workers using information systems to perform their daily tasks. A qualitative research approch entailing the use of semi‐directed interviews and diary journals is followed to this end. The outcomes of this research are both theoretical and practical. This research provides a critical insight into the key challenges facing knowledge workers in the digital work environment. From a purely practical perspective, this study helps uncover the needs and expectations of knowledge workers as they use email and other technologies to achieve their work tasks. In light of this study, the technological and organizational policy‐making decisions for the implementation of new information systems must ensure that email as a tool drives true productivity and avoids the productivity paradox.
Institutional and individual influences on scientists' data sharing behaviors: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Kim Youngseek , Stanton Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2014

The objective of this research is to investigate the institutional and individual factors which influence scientists' data sharing behaviors across different scientific disciplines. Two theoretical perspectives, institutional theory and theory of planned behavior, are employed in developing a research model, which shows the complementary nature of the institutional and individual factors influencing scientists' data sharing behaviors. This research uses a survey method to examine to what extent those institutional and individual factors influence scientists' data sharing behaviors in diverse scientific disciplines. The national survey (with 1,317 scientists in 43 disciplines) shows that regulative pressure by journals; normative pressure at a discipline level; and perceived career benefit and scholarly altruism at an individual level have significant positive relationships with data sharing behaviors; and that perceived effort has a significant negative relationship. Regulative pressure by funding agencies and the availability of data repositories at a discipline level and perceived career risk at an individual level were not found to have any significant relationships with data sharing behaviors.
Ebooks vs. print books: Readers' choices and preferences across contexts
Authors: Zhang Yin , Kudva Sonali
Published: May 2014

With electronic book (ebook) sales and readership rising, are ebooks positioned to replace print books? This study examines the preference for ebooks and print books in the contexts of reading purpose, reading situation, and contextual variables such as age, gender, education level, race/ethnicity, income, community type, and Internet use. Additionally, this study aims to identify factors that contribute to ebook adoption. The results of this study support the notion that ebooks have firmly established a place in people's lives, but are not yet positioned to take over all the roles of print books. Both print books and ebooks have unique attributes and serve irreplaceable functions in meeting people's reading needs, which may vary by individual demographic, contextual, and situational factors.
Agricultural information and empire building in the late 19th century: National information policy, the people, and the USDA
Authors: D'Arpa Christine
Published: May 2014

The information work of the United States Department of Agriculture in its first years as an independent federal agency—1862 to 1888—was exceptional and contested. It engaged the public to collect information relevant to farming, markets, and trade. Through a close historical analysis of the Department's annual reports and supplementary materials, I examine that information work and situate it within the context of the emergence of the modern state, American empire, and industrializing capitalism using Marxist historiography and the political economy of information as my conceptual framework.
Conceptualizations of technology in the information field
Authors: Yan Jasy Liew Suet , Hassman Katie DeVries , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2014

The interdisciplinary nature of the information field (iField) calls for a greater understanding of how iSchool scholars engage with information technology in their research. The purpose of this article is to study how much emphasis iSchool scholars put into studying technology, and how they conceptualize technology in their research. Using content analysis as our method of investigation, we coded journal articles published by tenure track faculty members between 2008 and 2010 from five iSchools (Drexel, Michigan, Pittsburgh, Syracuse, and Washington). We report preliminary empirical evidence showing a microscopic view on the diversity in how iSchool scholars engage with technology, one of the fundamental components in the iField.
Automatically infer subject terms and documents associations through text mining
Authors: Lu Kun , Mao Jin
Published: May 2014

Subject indexing is an intellectual intensive process that bears many inherent uncertainties. Existing subject index systems generally produce binary outcomes on whether assigning an indexing term or not, which does not sufficiently reflect to which extent the indexing terms are associated with documents. On the other hand, probabilistic models have seen great success in capturing the uncertainties in the automatic indexing process. One hurdle to achieving weighted indexing in manual subject indexing process is the practical burden that could be added to the already intensive indexing process. In this study, we propose a method to automatically infer the associations between subject terms and documents through text mining. By uncovering the connections between MeSH terms and document text, we are able to derive the weights of MeSH terms in documents. Our initial results suggest that the new method is feasible and promising. The study has practical implications for improving subject indexing practice.
Citation functions in social sciences and humanities: Preliminary results from a citation context analysis of Taiwan's history research journals
Authors: Lin Chi‐Shiou , Chen Yi‐Fan , Chang Chieh‐Yu
Published: May 2014

This ongoing study employs citation context analysis to examine the citation functions in social sciences and humanities (SS&H) disciplines. The analyses focus on the uses of organic/perfunctory citations and confirmative/negational citations. In this poster, we will present the preliminary findings from the completed analysis on Chinese history research papers. Chinese history authors used a large amount of perfunctory citations. The percentage of negational citations was also high, and many papers have negated a previous research. It has seriously challenged the citation analysis assumptions that citations are of equal contribution and that citation means author endorsement of previous literatures. We will continue to complete the analyses for the other chosen SS&H disciplines, and we encourage other researchers to extend the analysis to other subject areas and in other countries or languages so as to better understand researchers' citation behavior and to better assess the applicability of citation analysis in different domains.
Comparing the use of semantic relations between tags versus latent semantic analysis for generic speech summarization
Authors: Kim Hyun Hee
Published: May 2014

We proposed an advanced tag method in which original tags are expanded and the semantic relations between original or expanded tags are used to extract key sentences from lecture speech transcripts. Then, to evaluate our proposed method, we compared it with two other methods, a tag method of using only original tags and a latent semantic analysis (LSA) method. As a result, the F measure mean (0.31) of the advanced tag method is higher than that (0.29) of LSA method and it is also higher than that (0.27) of the tag method, although there is no significant difference between them respectively.
Specialization in data curation: Preliminary results from an alumni survey, 2008–2012
Authors: Thompson Cheryl A. , Senseney Megan , Baker Karen S. , Varvel Virgil E. , Palmer Carole L.
Published: May 2014

Data curation is an emergent field requiring a workforce with new skills to meet digital data needs across a wide variety of domains. This study surveyed masters‐level graduates with a Specialization in Data Curation from the Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. The survey assesses the value of the program to graduates, career placement, and continuing education needs. Preliminary findings and trends are reported to inform the evolution of data curation education in library and information science (LIS) programs.
Information needs of adults living with type 2 diabetes: When cookbooks are more than just recipes
Authors: Whetstone Melinda
Published: May 2014

Adults managing life with Type 2 diabetes may receive material about diabetes and management, or they may seek health information. They may also keep information items in the home for subsequent use. Currently, health technology is striving to push topically relevant information items, but successful technology would deliver unique, but relevant information. Thus, a holistic view of kept information items, item uses, and information needs are required. Research of information needs, seeking, and use (INSU) often views information needs as explicit statements, but latent information needs may also exist. Kept and used information items may serve to project these implicit information needs. This exploratory study aimed to identify both explicit and implicit information needs of adults living with Type 2 diabetes. Semi‐structured interviews conducted in 21 participant's homes focused on kept and used items (n = 300). Resulting rich narratives provided insight of context, item acquisition, and item usage. The results indicate that the majority of items kept and used to manage life with diabetes are paper based and pertain to nutritional management. However, items and their abundance also projected information needs. These findings and their implications contribute to discussions of diabetes‐related collections development and health information technology tools.
Large‐time behavior of a two‐scale semilinear reaction–diffusion system for concrete sulfatation
Authors: Aiki Toyohiko , Muntean Adrian
Published: May 2014

We study the large‐time behavior of (weak) solutions to a two‐scale reaction–diffusion system coupled with a nonlinear ordinary differential equations modeling the partly dissipative corrosion of concrete (or cement)‐based materials with sulfates. We prove that as t → ∞ , the solution to the original two‐scale system converges to the corresponding two‐scale stationary system. To obtain the main result, we make use essentially of the theory of evolution equations governed by subdifferential operators of time‐dependent convex functions developed combined with a series of two‐scale energy‐like time‐independent estimates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of operational decisions on the design of salesforce incentives
Authors: Saghafian Soroush , Chao Xiuli
Published: May 2014

When facing high levels of overstock inventories, firms often push their salesforce to work harder than usual to attract more demand, and one way to achieve that is to offer attractive incentives. However, most research on the optimal design of salesforce incentives ignores this dependency and assumes that operational decisions of production/inventory management are separable from design of salesforce incentives. We investigate this dependency in the problem of joint salesforce incentive design and inventory/production control. We develop a dynamic Principal‐Agent model with both Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection in which the principal is strategic and risk‐neutral but the agent is myopic and risk‐averse. We find the optimal joint incentive design and inventory control strategy, and demonstrate the impact of operational decisions on the design of a compensation package. The optimal strategy is characterized by a menu of inventory‐dependent salesforce compensation contracts. We show that the optimal compensation package depends highly on the operational decisions; when inventory levels are high, (a) the firm offers a more attractive contract and (b) the contract is effective in inducing the salesforce to work harder than usual. In contrast, when inventory levels are low, the firm can offer a less attractive compensation package, but still expect the salesforce to work hard enough. In addition, we show that although the inventory/production management and the design of salesforce compensation package are highly correlated, information acquisition through contract design allows the firm to implement traditional inventory control policies: a market‐based state‐dependent policy (with a constant base‐stock level when the inventory is low) that makes use of the extracted market condition from the agent is optimal. This work appears to be the first article on operations that addresses the important interplay between inventory/production control and salesforce compensation decisions in a dynamic setting. Our findings shed light on the effective integration of these two significant aspects for the successful operation of a firm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 320–340, 2014
Technical considerations on the validity of blood oxygenation level‐dependent‐based MR assessment of vascular deoxygenation
Authors: Hirsch Nuria M. , Toth Vivien , Förschler Annette , Kooijman Hendrik , Zimmer Claus , Preibisch Christine
Published: May 2014

A blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD)‐based apparent relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) as a semi‐quantitative marker of vascular deoxygenation has recently been introduced in clinical studies of patients with glioma and stroke, yielding promising results. These rOEF measurements are based on independent quantification of the transverse relaxation times T2 and T2* and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Simulations demonstrate that small errors in any of the underlying measures may result in a large deviation of the calculated rOEF. Therefore, we investigated the validity of such measurements. For this, we evaluated the quantitative measurements of T2 and T2* at 3 T in a gel phantom, in healthy subjects and in healthy tissue of patients with brain tumors. We calculated rOEF maps covering large portions of the brain from T2, T2* and rCBV [routinely measured in patients using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)], and obtained rOEF values of 0.63 ± 0.16 and 0.90 ± 0.21 in healthy‐appearing gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), respectively; values of about 0.4 are usually reported. Quantitative T2 mapping using the fast, clinically feasible, multi‐echo gradient spin echo (GRASE) approach yields significantly higher values than much slower multiple single spin echo (SE) experiments. Although T2* mapping is reliable in magnetically homogeneous tissues, uncorrectable macroscopic background gradients and other effects (e.g. iron deposition) shorten T2*. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurement using DSC and normalization to WM yields robust estimates of rCBV in healthy‐appearing brain tissue; absolute quantification of the venous fraction of CBV, however, is difficult to achieve. Our study demonstrates that quantitative measurements of rOEF are currently biased by inherent difficulties in T2 and CBV quantification, but also by inadequacies of the underlying model. We argue, however, that standardized, reproducible measurements of apparent T2, T2* and rCBV may still allow the estimation of a meaningful apparent rOEF, which requires further validation in clinical studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA‐101 suppresses liver fibrosis by targeting the TGFβ signalling pathway
Authors: Tu Xiaolong , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhao Shuhua , Zheng Xiuxiu , Zhang Zhengping , Zhu Jie , Chen Jiangning , Dong Lei , Zang Yuhui , Zhang Junfeng
Published: May 2014

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) is crucial for liver fibrogenesis and the blunting of TGFβ signalling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or hepatocytes can effectively inhibit liver fibrosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in modulating TGFβ signalling and liver fibrogenesis. However, the regulation of TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) production by miRNA remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the miR‐101 family members act as suppressors of TGFβ signalling by targeting TβRI and its transcriptional activator Kruppel‐like factor 6 (KLF6) during liver fibrogenesis. Using a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis, we conducted a time‐course experiment and observed significant down‐regulation of miR‐101 in the fibrotic liver as well as in the activated HSCs and injured hepatocytes in the process of liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, up‐regulation of TβRI/KLF6 was observed in the fibrotic liver. Subsequent investigations validated that TβRI and KLF6 were direct targets of miR‐101. Lentivirus‐mediated ectopic expression of miR‐101 in liver greatly reduced CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis, whereas intravenous administration of antisense miR‐101 oligonucleotides aggravated hepatic fibrogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR‐101 inhibited profibrogenic TGFβ signalling by suppressing TβRI expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes. Additionally, miR‐101 promoted the reversal of activated HSCs to a quiescent state, as indicated by suppression of proliferation and migration, loss of activation markers and gain of quiescent HSC‐specific markers. In hepatocytes, miR‐101 attenuated profibrogenic TGFβ signalling and suppressed the consequent up‐regulation of profibrogenic cytokines, as well as TGFβ‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation. The pleiotropic roles of miR‐101 in hepatic fibrogenesis suggest that it could be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grouted Connections von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Leutbecher Torsten , Ismail Mohammed , Schmidt Michael
Published: May 2014

Die Bemessung von Grouted Connections erfolgt sehr häufig auf der Grundlage internationaler Regelwerke, die für die erforderlichen Nachweise analytische Beziehungen enthalten. Um auch für Konstruktionen mit signifikantem Biegemoment eine konsistente Bemessung zu erreichen und dabei die Mindeststandards der Eurocodes zu erfüllen, wurden und werden in der Praxis verschiedene mechanische Modelle eingesetzt, so z. B. nichtlineare Finite‐Elemente‐Modelle, aber auch Stabwerkmodelle. Erkenntnisse, die aus den Berechnungen sowie aus experimentellen Untersuchungen auf Werkstoff‐ und Bauteilebene gewonnen wurden, werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt und diskutiert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein verbessertes und einfach zu handhabendes Ingenieurmodell entwickelt und an einem Beispiel veranschaulicht.
Erythropoietin Responsive Cardiomyogenic Cells Contribute to Heart Repair Post Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zafiriou Maria Patapia , Noack Claudia , Unsöld Bernhard , Didie Michael , Pavlova Elena , Fischer Henrike J. , Reichardt Holger M. , Bergmann Martin W. , El-Armouche Ali , Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus , Zelarayan Laura Cecilia
Published: May 2014

The role of erythropoietin (Epo) in myocardial repair after infarction remains inconclusive. We observed high Epo receptor (EPOR) expression in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Therefore, we aimed to characterize these cells and elucidate their contribution to myocardial regeneration on Epo stimulation. High EPOR expression was detected during murine embryonic heart development followed by a marked decrease until adulthood. EPOR-positive cells in the adult heart were identified in a CPC-enriched cell population and showed coexpression of stem, mesenchymal, endothelial, and cardiomyogenic cell markers. We focused on the population coexpressing early (TBX5, NKX2.5) and definitive (myosin heavy chain [MHC], cardiac Troponin T [cTNT]) cardiomyocyte markers. Epo increased their proliferation and thus were designated as Epo-responsive MHC expressing cells (EMCs). In vitro, EMCs proliferated and partially differentiated toward cardiomyocyte-like cells. Repetitive Epo administration in mice with myocardial infarction (cumulative dose 4 IU/g) resulted in an increase in cardiac EMCs and cTNT-positive cells in the infarcted area. This was further accompanied by a significant preservation of cardiac function when compared with control mice. Our study characterized an EPO-responsive MHC-expressing cell population in the adult heart. Repetitive, moderate-dose Epo treatment enhanced the proliferation of EMCs resulting in preservation of post-ischemic cardiac function. Stem Cells  2014;32:2480–2491
Neutralization of Nerve Growth Factor Impairs Proliferation and Differentiation of Adult Neural Progenitors in the Subventricular Zone
Authors: Scardigli Raffaella , Capelli Paolo , Vignone Domenico , Brandi Rossella , Ceci Marcello , Regina Federico , Piras Eleonora , Cintoli Simona , Berardi Nicoletta , Capsoni Simona , Cattaneo Antonino
Published: May 2014

Adult neurogenesis is a multistep process regulated by several extrinsic factors, including neurotrophins. Among them, little is known about the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neurogenic niches of the mouse. Here we analyzed the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of AD11 anti-NGF transgenic mice, in which the expression of the recombinant antibody aD11 leads to a chronic postnatal neutralization of endogenous NGF. We showed that AD11-NSCs proliferate 10-fold less, with respect to their control counterparts, and display a significant impairment in their ability to differentiate into β-tubulin positive neurons. We found a considerable reduction in the number of SVZ progenitors and neuroblasts also in vivo, which correlates with a lower number of newborn neurons in the olfactory bulbs of AD11 mice and a severe deficit in the ability of these mice to discriminate between different odors. We also demonstrated that, in AD11 mice, the morphology of both SVZ-resident and neurosphere-derived astrocytes is significantly altered. We were able to reproduce the AD11 phenotype in vitro, by acutely treating wild type NSCs with the anti-NGF antibody, further demonstrating that both the proliferation and the differentiation defects are due to the NGF deprivation. Consistently, the proliferative impairment of AD11 progenitors, as well as the atrophic morphology of AD11 astrocytes, can be partly rescued in vitro and in vivo by exogenous NGF addition. Altogether, our results demonstrate a causal link between NGF signaling and proper proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from the SVZ. Stem Cells  2014;32:2516–2528
Evaluation of models for estimating concrete strains due to drying shrinkage
Authors: Theiner Yvonne , Andreatta Andreas , Hofstetter Günter
Published: May 2014

The present contribution focuses on a comparative study of shrinkage prediction models according to the European Standard Eurocode 2 (EC2), the recommendation by ACI committee 209 and fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010. The estimated ultimate drying shrinkage strains and the predicted evolution of drying shrinkage strains are compared with respective shrinkage strains measured on normal‐strength concrete specimens of different sizes. For all prediction models, the estimated ultimate values are found to agree quite well with the ultimate drying shrinkage strains measured on thin concrete slices. Whereas the evolution of drying shrinkage strains measured on small concrete prisms agree quite well with the predicted values, substantial differences between code values and experimental data are encountered for larger specimen sizes.
Challenges for concrete in tall buildings
Authors: Clark Gordon
Published: May 2014

Tall buildings present unique challenges in terms of both design and construction. The definition of tall is always a matter for debate and actually is related to the proportions of the building, although the actual physical height does also result in other influences such as extreme lateral loading.

Concrete features prominently in providing the structural material for most cores and framing options, thus ensuring stability of the structure. The core of a tall building is important structurally as well as for forming the spine for vertical transportation and services. There can be a wide choice of size and shape, which is dictated in part by the geometry of the building and the site.

This paper focuses on some of the issues for concrete, which is a key material in tall building construction, and is based on some of the work of an fib task group that has been formed to bring together important guidance based on experience of design and construction.
Aspects of imposed deformation in concrete structures – a condensed overview
Authors: Reinhardt Hans‐Wolf
Published: May 2014

Imposed deformation is a special case of loading that gets much less attention than mechanical loading due to external forces. However, imposed deformation can impair the serviceability of structures such as tightness and durability. Imposed deformations are due to shrinkage of concrete and temperature variations. The boundary conditions play an important role when analysing stresses due to imposed deformation. This paper provides an overview.
Retracted: A 3D Luminescent Metal‐organic Framework Constructed from Cu4I4 Cubane Clusters and Triangular Imidazole Ligand
Authors: Liu Shan‐Shan , Yuan Shuai , Hu Tuo‐Ping , Sun Di
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The solvothermal reaction between cuprous iodide and the rigid triangular imidazole ligand in mixed N,N′‐dimethylacetamide (DMA)‐acetonitrile solvent leads to the isolation of the 3D metal‐organic framework [(Cu4I4)3(TIPA)4]·7DMA (1) [TIPA = tri(4‐imidazolylphenyl) amine], which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Topologically, the structure of 1 is an unprecedented 3,3,4,4‐connected net with a point symbol of {4.8.10}2{4.82}2{42.82.102}2{84.122}. Compound 1 exhibits orange‐red photoluminescence with an emission maximum at 622 nm at room temperature.
Who Gets Custody Now? Dramatic Changes in Children’s Living Arrangements After Divorce
Authors: Cancian Maria , Meyer Daniel R. , Brown Patricia R. , Cook Steven T.
Published: May 2014

This article reexamines the living arrangements of children following their parents’ divorce, using Wisconsin Court Records, updating an analysis that showed relatively small but significant increases in shared custody in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These changes have accelerated markedly in the intervening years: between 1988 and 2008, the proportion of mothers granted sole physical custody fell substantially, the proportion of parents sharing custody increased dramatically, and father–sole custody remained relatively stable. We explore changes in the correlates of alternative custody outcomes, showing that some results from the earlier analysis still hold (for example, cases with higher total family income are more likely to have shared custody), but other differences have lessened (shared-custody cases have become less distinctive as they have become more common). Despite the considerable changes in marriage and divorce patterns over this period, we do not find strong evidence that the changes in custody are related to changes in the characteristics of families experiencing a divorce; rather, changes in custody may be the result of changes in social norms and the process by which custody is determined.
Mother–adolescent monitoring dynamics and the legitimacy of parental authority
Authors: Keijsers Loes , Laird Robert D.
Published: May 2014

This multi‐informant longitudinal study aimed to understand whether the family dynamics that underlie adolescent voluntary disclosure regarding their leisure time behavior differs when adolescents strongly or weakly endorse the legitimacy of parental authority. Longitudinal linkages between parental monitoring behaviors and adolescents' secrecy and disclosure were tested among youths with strong and weak legitimacy beliefs. The sample included 197 adolescents (51% female, M age 12 years) and their mothers. Mothers reported on several of their own monitoring efforts (i.e., solicitation, active involvement, observing and listening, and obtaining information from spouses, siblings, and others). Adolescents reported their disclosure, secrecy, and legitimacy beliefs. Only among youths reporting strong legitimacy beliefs, more mother engagement and supervision (indexed by mother‐reported active involvement and observing and listening) predicted more adolescent disclosure and less secrecy over time, and more mother solicitation predicted less secrecy.
Critical travelling waves for general heterogeneous one-dimensional reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Nadin Grégoire
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates time-global wave-like solutions of heterogeneous reaction–diffusion equations:

\partial _{t}u−a(x)\partial _{xx}u−b(x)\partial _{x}u = f(x,u)

in

\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}

, where the coefficients

a

,

a_{x}

,

a_{xx}

,

1/ a

,

b

,

b_{x}

and

f

are only assumed to be measurable and bounded in

x \in \mathbb{R}

and the nonlinearity

f

is Lipschitz-continuous in

u \in [0,1]

, with

f(x,0) = f(x,1) = 0

for all

x \in \mathbb{R}

. In this general framework, the notion of spatial transition wave has been introduced by Berestycki and Hamel [4]. Such waves always exist for one-dimensional ignition-type equations [22,27], but not for monostable ones [26]. We introduce in the present paper a new notion of wave-like solutions, called
critical travelling waves
since their definition relies on a geometrical comparison in the class of time-global solutions trapped between

0

and

1

. Critical travelling waves always exist, whatever the nonlinearity of the equation is, are monotonic in time and unique up to normalization. They are spatial transition waves if such waves exist. Moreover, if the equation is of monostable type, for example if

b \equiv 0

and

f(x,u) = c(x)u(1−u)

, with

\mathrm{\inf }_{\mathbb{R}}⁡c > 0

, then critical travelling waves have minimum least mean speed. If the coefficients are homogeneous/periodic, then we recover the classical notion of planar/pulsating travelling wave. If the heterogeneity of the coefficients is compactly supported, then critical transition waves are either a spatial transition wave with minimal global mean speed or bump-like solutions if spatial transition does not exist. In the bistable framework, the nature of the critical travelling waves depends on the existence of non-trivial steady states. Hence, the notion of critical travelling wave provides a unifying framework to earlier scattered existence results for wave-like solutions. We conclude by proving that in the monostable framework, critical travelling waves attract, in a sense and under additional assumptions, the solution of the Cauchy problem associated with a Heaviside initial datum.
MiR‐718 represses VEGF and inhibits ovarian cancer cell progression
Authors: Leng Ruobing , Zha Lang , Tang Liangdan
Published: May 2014

Oncogenic activation of VEGF is found in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. In this study, we investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of VEGF in ovarian cancer. We find that miR‐718 is expressed at low levels and inversely correlates with VEGF expression in ovarian cancer specimens. MiR‐718 also directly targets and represses VEGF expression. In addition, miR‐718 restoration inhibits ovarian cancer proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, VEGF expression could reverse the effect of miR‐718 on ovarian cancer by increasing the levels of phosphorylated AKT. These results suggest a new therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer by restoring miR‐718 expression, which is involved in VEGF regulation.
Identification of a Holocene aquifer–lagoon system using hydrogeochemical data
Authors: Sola F. , Vallejos A. , Daniele L. , Pulido-Bosch A.
Published: May 2014

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Cabo de Gata coastal aquifer (southeastern Spain) were studied in an attempt to explain the anomalous salinity of its groundwater. This detritic aquifer is characterised by the presence of waters with highly contrasting salinities; in some cases the salinity exceeds that of seawater. Multivariate analysis of water samples indicates two groups of water (G1 and G2). Group G1 is represented in the upper part of the aquifer, where the proportion of seawater varies between 10 and 60%, whilst G2 waters, taken from the lower part of the aquifer, contain 60−70% seawater. In addition, hydrogeochemical modelling was applied, which reveals that the waters have been subject to evaporation between 25 and 35%. There was a good agreement between the modelled results and the observed water chemistry. This evaporation would have occurred during the Holocene, in a coastal lagoon environment; the resulting brines would have infiltrated into the aquifer and due to their greater density, sunk towards the impermeable base. The characteristics of this water enabled us to reconstruct the interactions that must have occurred between the coastal aquifer and the lagoon, and to identify the environmental conditions that prevailed in the study area during the Middle Holocene.
Claiming the Union
Authors: Lee Susanna Michele
Published: May 2014

This book examines Southerners' claims to loyal citizenship in the reunited nation after the American Civil War. Southerners - male and female; elite and non-elite; white, black, and American Indian - disagreed with the federal government over the obligations citizens owed to their nation and the obligations the nation owed to its citizens. Susanna Michele Lee explores these clashes through the operations of the Southern Claims Commission, a federal body that rewarded compensation for wartime losses to Southerners who proved that they had been loyal citizens of the Union. Lee argues that Southerners forced the federal government to consider how white men who had not been soldiers and voters, and women and racial minorities who had not been allowed to serve in those capacities, could also qualify as loyal citizens. Postwar considerations of the former Confederacy potentially demanded a reconceptualization of citizenship that replaced exclusions by race and gender with inclusions according to loyalty.
The Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland; or, A Metrical Version of the History of Hector Boece
Authors: Boece Hector
Published: May 2014

Hector Boece (c.1465–1536) was a Scottish humanist historian, educated in Dundee and Paris, where he became a friend of Erasmus. His Latin Scotorum historia, covering the period from 330 BCE until 1437, was published in 1527, and rapidly translated into French and Scots. It was continued by several authors, indicating that it was accepted as a definitive account of the formation of Scottish national identity, though, inevitably, many of the earlier parts rely on legend and tradition rather than on historical sources. Dedicated to James V, it is biased in favour of his ancestors, and, via Holinshed, was the source for Shakespeare's Macbeth. This verse translation was completed for James V by the courtier William Stewart in 1535, but not published until the Rolls Series edition by W. B. Turnbull in 1858. Volume 2 takes the story up to the eleventh century, and includes the story of Macbeth.
The Dervishes
Authors: Brown John P.
Published: May 2014

An American diplomat and self-taught scholar of the history and languages of the Islamic world, John Porter Brown (1814–72) published in 1868 this illustrated account of the Dervish orders of the Near East. Assisted closely by followers of this Sufi ascetic path while in Constantinople, Brown based his research on original Turkish, Arabic and Persian manuscripts. The work also includes extracts from other scholarly works on Dervish history, fleshing out this engaging introduction to a devout way of life and the philosophy underpinning it. As a Freemason, Brown was struck by the relationship between some Masonic and Dervish tenets, and he highlights parallels between the Christian and Islamic faiths in order to forge a better understanding of the traditions and beliefs of the people of the Near East for the benefit of Western readers.
Conditions for extreme wave runup on a vertical barrier by nonlinear dispersion
Authors: Viotti Claudio , Carbone Francesco , Dias Frédéric
Published: May 2014

The runup of long strongly nonlinear waves impinging on a vertical wall can exceed six times the far-field amplitude of the incoming waves. This outcome stems from a precursory evolution process in which the wave height undergoes strong amplification due to the combined action of nonlinear steepening and dispersion, resulting in the formation of nonlinearly dispersive wave trains, i.e. undular bores. This part of the problem is first analysed separately, with emphasis on the wave amplitude growth rate during the development of undular bores within an evolving large-scale background. The growth of the largest wave in the group is seen to reflect the asymptotic time scaling provided by nonlinear modulation theory rather closely, even in the case of fully nonlinear evolution and moderately slow modulations. In order to address the effect of such a dynamics on the subsequent wall runup, numerical simulations of evolving long-wave groups are then carried out in a computational wave tank delimited by vertical walls. Conditions for optimal runup efficiency are sought with respect to the main physical parameters characterizing the incident waves, namely the wavelength, the length of the propagation path and the initial amplitude. Extreme runup is found to be strongly correlated to the ratio between the available propagation time and the shallow-water nonlinear time scale. The problem is studied in the twofold mathematical framework of the fully nonlinear free-surface Euler equations and the strongly nonlinear Serre–Green–Naghdi model. The performance of the reduced model in providing accurate long-time predictions can therefore be assessed.
Place, Ecology and Environmental Writing in the Queensland Novels of Arthur Upfield
Authors: Neilsen Philip
Published: May 2014

In the 29 novels by Arthur Upfield in which he is the protagonist, Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte (Bony) is often referred to as a product of Queensland. We are reminded repeatedly of his origins, first in North Queensland (where he was born and raised on a mission) and then Brisbane (where he was educated, and where he and his wife live in the suburb of Banyo – though this city location is never described). But my main purpose here is to explore Upfield’s representation of ‘place’, specifically in the three Queensland-focused Bony novels, and the related, recurrent discourses and tropes commonly associated with environmental writing and eco-criticism: wilderness, toxicity, pastoral, dwelling and particularly environmental crisis, eruption and catastrophe.
Exhibition: 'Live!' Queensland band culture exhibition, State Library of Queensland, May–November 2013
Authors: Bartleet Brydie-Leigh
Published: May 2014

Live! Queensland band culture exhibition, State Library of Queensland, May–November 2013
Patrick Buckridge — A Tribute
Authors: Lever Susan
Published: May 2014

Patrick Buckridge is that rare person — even in the academic world: a true scholar with a deep, sometimes eccentric, passion for ideas. He belongs contentedly to Brisbane while engaging intellectually with the vast world of scholarship in history, language and literature. He has retained his interest in his first love, Renaissance literature, but understands that literature is also here and now, in the society around him. So his studies have extended to Australian writers, Queensland literary history, the history of the book, the history of literary criticism and the nature of readership for literary work. As his May 2013 public lecture demonstrated, he believes in the continued importance of attentive reading as a source of intellectual understanding.
Literary Adaptation and Market Value
Authors: Lee Christopher
Published: May 2014

In The world republic of letters, Pascale Casanova suggests that an intimate relation between politics and literature is a feature of postcolonial nations because the relative lack of literary capital on the margins prevents the autonomy that is available to writers in the great national literary spaces such as France, England and the United States. The pressing imperatives of post-colonial responsibility certainly pose a particular challenge for contemporary Australian novelists aspiring not just to local distinction, but also access to international markets and a wider reputation in the world republic of letters. In Australia, the writer’s aspiration to a wider market share and greater cultural capital has often been construed as a forlorn search for a reliable readership. An established following provides a foundation for the development of a consistent artistic oeuvre, which is in turn able to support the critical topoi of canonisation: promise, originality, development and genius.