bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historiography of the History of Law and the State of Russia:
Pre-Revolutionary and Soviet Periods
Authors: Kozhevina Marina A. , Yashchuk Tatyana F.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The historiographic experience of studying the history of law and the state of Russia was not the subject of independent scientific analysis. Certain aspects were touched upon in the prefaces to the reprints of classical scientific works, publications of a biographical nature, in the literature reviews preceding the main part of the works. In modern humanities, there is an increasing interest in the scientific problems of the genesis and evolution of individual disciplines. The history of law and the state of Russia is a part of legal and historical knowledge and requires substantive consideration. Purpose. The goal is to determine the main conceptual approaches that have formed and developed within the framework of historical and legal science during the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. Methodology. The methodology is represented by a number of methods. The chronological method and the method of periodization were used to build the sequence of the historiographic process. The historical-comparative method in the diachronic version made it possible to compare the content of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods in the historiography of the issue, to reveal the features of each period. The institutional method showed the process of delimiting the history of law and the state of Russia from other scientific disciplines. The method of hermeneutics was necessary for the textual analysis of works of legal and historical content. Results. The process of institutionalization of the history of law and state of Russia is shown. As a result, this led to the emergence of its own historiography within its framework. The main research directions are systematized; the factors that influenced the development of historical and legal science in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods are identified; a circle of scholars dealing with historical and legal problems has been established; the most significant publications are indicated. Conclusion. Two periods of the historiography of the history of law and the state of Russia are highlighted and characterized. The basis for the study of the next modern period is being created.
Legal Means to Prevent Unjustified Payment of Pensions to Citizens Living Abroad
Authors: Kurchenko Oleg S.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of paying most types of pensions to those citizens whose place of permanent residence is a foreign state. At the same time, permanent residence of a pensioner abroad increases the risk of unjustified payment of pensions and creates the need to use additional legal means aimed at preventing such consequences. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to describe the system of legal means that are aimed at preventing unjustified payment of Russian pensions to citizens living abroad, and to analyze the provisions of Russian and international legal acts that establish these legal means. Methodology. To achieve these goals, formal legal (dogmatic) method and comparative legal method were mainly used. Results. The system of legal means to prevent unjustified payments to those Russian citizens who permanently reside abroad includes legal means provided for by national legislation and the norms of international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation. The first group is represented mainly by additional obligations of the beneficiary to inform the pension agency about maintaining the grounds for payment of pensions (especially the duty to confirm being alive), failure to which, as a general rule, constitute grounds for the suspension of payment of pension. The legal means stipulated in international legal acts are based on the interaction of the competent institutions of the Contracting parties and are implemented, as a rule, without the participation of the pension recipient. Conclusion. The expansion of the list of States with which Russia has concluded international agreements on cooperation in the field of social security and the improvement of national legislation in this area should help reduce the number of cases of excessive payment of pensions to citizens living abroad.
The Concept of Unsolved Crime
Authors: Revyagin Alexander V. , Gudkov Alexander Y.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Problems that arise in the process of solving crimes have always been the object of scientific attention of specialists in various fields of professional activity. They are also specialists in the fields of criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology, operational investigative activities and criminology. This is not by chance, since the ways to solve this problem are multi-volume, multi-faceted and include numerous areas of scientific knowledge and practical analysis of the most pressing issues of combating crime in Russia. Unsolved crime has a number of significant patterns that, in turn, determine its criminological and social nature, as well as determine the need for its further research. Purpose. Definition of approaches to the formulation of the concept of unsolved crime. Methodology. Various General scientific and special methods of cognition were used in this study. At the same time , the key ones were the dialectical method and the method of system analysis. Results. As a result of a consistent and systematic analysis of legal categories, we developed our own definition: unsolved crime is a socially dangerous phenomenon, expressed in the aggregate of officially registered criminal acts that remained unsolved due to the failure to identify the perpetrators during the Statute of limitations for criminal prosecution, accumulating a statistical array of unsolved crimes of previous years. Conclusion. The concept of unsolved crime has scientific and practical value, since the signs and properties of this type of crime define it as an independent type of crime that determines new approaches to the study of this criminological phenomenon, as well as to improve the fight against crime.
Fraud in Social Networks and Ways to Implement
Authors: Shut Oksana A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the development of legal norms regulating relations in social networks, which has been delayed for years. The outdated regulatory framework does not cope with the regulation of relations in networks. Therefore, it is necessary to implement modern relations of an illegal nature that develop between users in social networks in the norms of the current Criminal Code, as well as to develop a classification of methods of fraud in social networks, and identify their features. Purpose. The purpose is to consider the features of legal regulation of fraud in criminal legislation, to identify methods of fraud in social networks on the basis of modern scientific works and to classify them. Methodology. The description method recorded the signs and features of the crimes under consideration, in order to further formulate proposals for improving the legal norms governing the acts under study by methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The object of crimes committed in social networks is determined by their content. Instead of the concept of “computer” or “electronic” information, the author suggessed using the concept of “content content for computer and telecommunications virtual communication”. Fraud in social networks is carried out in two ways: deception or abuse of trust, aimed directly at seizing other people's funds, and secondly, deception or abuse of trust, aimed at seizing personal data, which is also used for further seizing money. The author performed a five-step classification of ways to commit fraud in social networks. Conclusion. The main ways of committing fraud in social networks are highlighted: fraud under a false name; using up-to-date news information; romantic scams; fraud in the service sector; creating fake questionnaires.
German Public Organizations in Post-Soviet States of Central Asia
Authors: Blinova Anna N. , Smirnova Tatyana B.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the formation and development of German ethnic self-organization in the countries of Central Asia. Features of the implementation of the Program for the Support of Ethnic Germans in Central Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan are reflected. The forms, methods, main projects in the field of ethno-cultural, language and youth work and social support are considered.
Workers of the Western
Siberian Forest Office: Career Biographies of Experts (End of the 19th – First Third of the 20th Century)
Authors: Milishchenko Oleg A.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses career biographies of officials of the forestry department and forestry faculty of the Siberian Institute of Agriculture. Based on materials from directories, archival documents, the press, specialized publications and scientific literature, the author provides data on the level of training of forestry figures and their contribution to the development of the industry, including organizational and teaching activities at the Forestry Department of the Siberian Institute.
Relatos de un caribe “otro”: simulacros de lo monstruoso y lo distópico en obras narrativas y cinematrográficas recientes
Authors: Bustamante Escalona Fernanda
Published: December 2020

A partir de textos narrativos de los escritores dominicanos Rita Indiana Hernández y Frank Báez, y de la reciente película del director cubano Alejandro Brugués, se analizará la monstruosidad y distopía tanto de los cuerpos, conductas y espacios caribeños. Para ello, se enfatizará en cómo estas propuestas estéticas, basadas en lo abyecto y grotesco, y que se sirven de procedimientos narrativos tanto literarios como audiovisuales, configuran una representación de un Caribe “otro” que se resiste al discurso exotista de lo caribeño y que a la vez legitima el discurso fundacional de violencia y bestialidad.
Gimferrer: poesía y cine en un instante plástico
Authors: Sánchez Mateo Zoraida
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo pretende analizar las principales claves de la poesía de Pere Gimferrer a través del comentario de un poema de su libro La muerte en Beverly Hills.Este poemario es una clara muestra de la gran renovación poética que llevaron a término los Novísimos a finales de los años 60 en España. La incorporación de los nuevos medios de comunicación de masas a la poesía y su fusión con la alta cultura permitió dejar atrás los estrechos márgenes de la lírica social al indagar en los límites del lenguaje.
Análisis enunciativo del género discursivo de la canción protesta: espacio de encuentro e interacción social
Authors: Vela Delfa Cristina
Published: December 2020

A partir un corpus de letras de canciones, analizaremos la configuración enunciativa del género de la canción protesta, con el objetivo de abordar el fenómeno de la polifonía y clasificar los tipos de acto de habla más comunes en este género discursivo. La canción protesta será estudiada como el resultado de un diálogo social entre sus emisores y receptores, cuyo objetivo fundamental es la construcción de textos con un fuerte fuerza perlocutiva.
Cultura y televisión, una relación necesaria
Authors: Domínguez Jiménez Carmen
Published: December 2020

La relación entre cultura y televisión suele presentarse como conflictiva e incluso imposible. En este artículo se hace un repaso histórico a la presencia de contenidos culturales en la televisión pública española, TVE, tanto a nivel nacional como regional, para defender la necesidad de la presencia de espacios culturales en televisión.
Multiplikasi tunas kunyit putih (Kaempferia rotunda L.) pada jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin secara in vitro
Authors: Murgayanti MURGAYANTI , Sumadi Sumadi , N Ramadhanti F
Published: December 2020

Kunyit putih merupakan tanaman obat yang bermanfaat dan perlu dibudidayakan lebih luas namun terkendala oleh penyediaan bibit bermutu yang terbatas. Perbanyakan tanaman dengan cara konvensional yang dilakukan turun temurun dan terinfeksi patogen menyebabkan kualitas rimpang menurun. Perbanyakan secara in vitro dapat mengatasi kelangkaan bibit kunyit putih yang bermutu tinggi dalam jumlah besar dan bebas patogen. Ketersediaan bibit unggul yang dihasilkan secara in vitro bergantung pada jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin yang ditambahkan pada media kultur. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetapkan jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin yang paling baik pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tunas kunyit putih (Kaempferia rotunda L.) secara in vitro. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran yang berlangsung pada bulan Agustus 2019 – April 2020. Bahan tanam berasal dari tunas rimpang yang berukuran ±0,5-1,0 cm. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 10 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Media yang digunakan adalah Murashige and Skoog (MS) dengan perlakuan jenis sitokinin Benzil Amino Purine (BAP), 2-Isopenteniladenina (2-iP) konsentrasi 1.5; 3.0; dan 4.5 ppm dan Thidiazuron (TDZ) konsentrasi 0.15; 0.30; 0.45 ppm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang berbeda dalam memacu dan merangsang pemunculan jumlah tunas, tinggi tanaman, dan panjang akar pada tunas kunyit putih secara in vitro. Pemberian 0.45 ppm Thidiazuron pada media MS memberikan pengaruh terbaik dalam menghasilkan jumlah tunas. Kata Kunci: Tunas Rimpang, Perbanyakan, Kaempferia rotunda, Sitokinin
An Applied Component Modeling to the Irreversibility from a New Configurationally Perspective of the Statistical Physics
Authors: Shahsavari Saeed , Mehran Moradi
Published: December 2020

From the perspective of statistical physics (Boltzmann equation), configurational entropy can be calculated using the study of the microstates of the system. When a physical process is performed, identifying the entropy production can be used to investigate the irreversibility, but from the perspective of the Boltzmann equation, to study entropy production, both all microstates and macrostates must be studied. Therefore, a very large volume of calculations will be needed. In this report, using a new innovative energy structure equation, a new macroscopic component modeling is extracted to investigate the configurational irreversibility. To investigate the irreversibility in physical systems, the energy structure equation of the system can be studied in different paths. During performing a physical process, some activated energy components related to the reversible process and remain will be related to the irreversible process. In this report, also using a quasi-statistical approach, the structure of irreversible components is studied. When macroscopic energy components are the base of the equations, a very large volume of the needed calculations will be less than Boltzmann equation and in fact, studying all particles isn’t needed, but it is enough that a few macroscopic components to be investigated. Also, considering the theories of dissipated energy, the extracted equations have the same base as the different formulations of the second law of thermodynamics.
The Impacts of Urban Expansion on Livelihoods of the Surrounding Rural Society: The Case of Tefki Town, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne
Authors: Worku Gadisa
Published: December 2020

Urbanization is recently a rising trend seen all over the world, mostly in an upsetting rate in developing countries. Similarly, most towns in Ethiopia are recently becoming expanded towards the adjacent rural societies. The Expansions of these towns were resulted in the consuming and conversion of farm land to urban land uses and affects the agrarian livelihoods. This study is intended to assess the impacts of urban expansion on livelihoods of the society surrounding rural kebeles of Tefki town from the year 2015-2019. Specifically, the study focused on evaluating the effects of town expansion on the farmers (households) in terms of   income, the opportunities of the affected households secured from the town expansion and compensation process.  Hence, 166 expansion affected households were selected through snowball sampling, and also (5) officials from different institutions were purposively taken for key informant interview while (7) respondents from the affected farmers were selected for interview. Thus, the primary data were collected using questionnaires and interview. Secondary data have been also used to triangulate and supplement the first hand information. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The result showed that Tefki town rapidly expanded during the last five years as a result of population growth and industrialization. This expansion made significant effects on livelihoods of the surrounding farmers. Although they secured access to certain services, it was also brought effects like loss of agricultural land and other assets including grazing land which resulted in change of their livelihoods, and unfair compensation. This expansion has made the households of the surrounding area to lose farm land on which their livelihood used to depend on for long period of time. Every farmer has been made to lose an average of 1 hectare of their owned farm land. The grazing land of the area has been decreased because of town expansion, and thus made farmers to lack enough place of grazing for their livestock. On the other side, the compensation was not made on time for the affected farmers. The study also found out that the compensation given to the farmers was not fair, and too inadequate to sustain the livelihoods of the affected households. Therefore, a detailed potential effect assessment study should be carried out by the government and other stakeholders prior to implementing urbanization programs so as to minimize the adverse effects of urban expansion.
Personal Branding and Behavioural Changes among the Millennial Generations in the Social Media
Authors: Ismail Ervan
Published: December 2020

The use of the social media Instagram in Indonesia has resulted in significant impact toward the behavioural changes among the millennial generations of the nation. With regards to the statement, branding becomes a general activity that has been performed in the domain of marketing especially in today’s context. Branding might be performed in order to discern from one product of another so that the peculiar characteristics of the given product might appear to the surface. However, due to the development of the branding context, branding has penetrated many lines and this penetration also impacts the development of an individual in changing his or her behaviours within the social media alone. Therefore, throughout the study, there will be an analysis toward the formation of the celebgram’s personal branding that might alter the behaviours of the millennial generations whose identities have been prominent in the social media such as Instagram and Youtube. During the conduct of the study, the celebgram that had been analysed was Awkarin. Awkarin is a female adolescent who has suddenly become famous due to the various contents in her Instagram Account.  In response to this finding, the study has been compelled to identify the personal branding of Awkawin in the Digital Public Relation of Instagram and to identify the existence of followers’ imitation toward the celebgram Awakarin in the social media Instagram. The reason is that such imitation will be peculiar existence for a celebgram who has suddenly become famous in the social media. The presence of the behavioural changes that Awkarin has pursued become a peculiar business or existence upon her individual development over the social media.
The Effect of Blockchain Technology on Tax Reduction in Joint-Stock Companies
Authors: Alzahrani Abeer , Abualfalayeh Ghaith
Published: December 2020

In the modern scenario, the concept of blockchain has been utilised by many business organisations across the globe. In addition, to make revolutionary changes in the operational behaviours of the companies the concept of blockchain has been utilised. Although, the technology is still under progress and needs several improvisations by contracting on the financial services and tax-paying operations it can be observed that the blockchain concept has made the entire process far more enhanced and secure. Blockchain is an essential and effective managerial factor that focuses on encrypting the personal data. However, this is identified that in case appropriate blockchain method is not implemented, the tax reduction process can be corrupted. On that basis, an innovative technology process such as anonymous blockchain technology can be taken in consideration. With the assistance, anonymous blockchain technology, the managerial activities of the organisation can be easily completed without any issues.
Yearning for Justice: A Testimony from Rohingyas Misery in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nasir M. , Rashid Ibrahim Ayan
Published: December 2020

The Rohingya crisis has been a global news item both in newspapers and television in most recent times. The central objective of this study is to investigate the causes and drivers for uprooting the Rohingyas and forcing them to leave their ancestral land and to unveil the distressing and destitute situation of the Rohingyas from the refugee camps. The evidence that emerges from this study is that the Government of Myanmar is deliberately involving in the extermination and forceful displacement of the Rohingyas for political, ethnic, religious, and economic ends. Reacting to what is happening in the Rakhine State of Myanmar, a top United Nations human rights official considered a “textbook example of ethnic cleansing”. The study calls for the international community to hold Myanmar state accountable to its acts of mass execution and annihilation of its citizens, and permit the Rohingyas to return to their ancestral lands in Myanmar.
Por que estudar a literatura artística brasileira? Considerações sobre as artes de tradição europeia nos séculos XIX e início do XX
Authors: Brancato João Victor Rossetti
Published: December 2020

O ensaio pretende refletir sobre a importância do estudo da literatura artística produzida no Brasil entre os séculos XIX e XX, com foco nas artes de tradição europeia. Primeiramente, define-se o conceito de literatura artística e o que a compõe. Depois, abordam-se de forma sumária as publicações sobre o assunto, explorando as potencialidades para o desenvolvimento do campo. Discutem-se os problemas e justificativas para o seu estudo, dialogando com a historiografia. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas problemáticas possíveis em uma pesquisa acadêmica a partir de uma ilustração de caso, a crítica de arte de M. Nogueira da Silva (1880-1943). Espera-se assim incentivar novas pesquisas na área.
Ilustração em cartas: uma expansão do pensamento entre desenhos e escrita
Authors: Caetano Renata Oliveira , Pereira Débora Bastos Fioravante
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca propor um exercício reflexivo sobre a relação entre ilustração e texto no suporte epistolar por meio das cartas do artista suíço Albert Müller. Nesse sentido, apresentamos duas de suas missivas, datadas do ano de 1924, cuja destinatária era sua esposa, Anna Müller. Observamos que os recursos linguísticos e semânticos promovem uma relação multidisciplinar em nosso objeto de estudo. Algo que rompe a relação hierárquica comumente atribuída a diferentes linguagens que ocupam o mesmo espaço em manuscritos, sendo o texto tomado como “mote”, enquanto a ilustração, uma “facilitadora de sentidos”. Para que fosse possível confrontar essa percepção, partimos das ideias de “tradução” e “coerência intersemiótica’ que relacionam as distintas linguagens trabalhadas nas cartas. Contudo, em nossas análises, percebemos como as linguagens interagiam entre si e na verdade promoviam uma espécie de expansão deste conteúdo, promovendo uma nova formulação da mensagem.
O uso do Arquivo Histórico da Escola de Belas Artes da UFRJ para o estudo da História da Arte brasileira: o caso da Exposição Geral de 1884 da Academia
Authors: Pereira Sonia Gomes
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa o uso do Arquivo Histórico da Escola de Belas Artes da UFRJ para a História da Arte brasileira, tomando como caso de estudo a Exposição Geral de 1884 na Academia de Belas Artes. Destaca os critérios estéticos, artísticos e técnicos, utilizados no julgamento das obras de pintura, no qual se destaca Vitor Meireles. Avalia a posição da Academia nessa época de mudanças de gosto, às vésperas da grande reforma de 1890, que instituiu a Escola Nacional de Belas Artes. Coloca em discussão o que havia de diferença entre os velhos mestres e os jovens artistas.
Apontamentos sobre a prática da H(h)istória da arte
Authors: Reinaldim Ivair
Published: December 2020

Procura-se neste texto articular alguns apontamentos acerca dos vínculos entre “arte” e “história”, “objeto” e “sujeito”, “imagem” e “texto”, sem a pretensão de esgotar os mesmos. Seu propósito principal é apresentar questões gerais formuladas a respeito da disciplina História da Arte por meio de publicações de autores considerados referenciais no campo e que se propuseram a pensar essa ampla problemática da prática da história da arte. Não se trata aqui de reivindicar originalidade em tais reflexões, mas de enumerar aspectos teórico-metodológicos capazes de articular tópicos essenciais para o debate, de modo a também viabilizar orientação pedagógica ao estudo da historiografia. Ao se identificar as convergências e divergências de enunciado e de enunciação nos discursos analisados, ressaltam-se alguns embates entre os posicionamentos dos autores – ao mesmo tempo, o desejo de ordem –, e que, de modo geral, estão ainda circunscritos ao contexto europeu, região onde a prática da História da Arte foi historicamente concebida, moldada e institucionalizada. Isso posto, um problema recorrente tem norteado o estado atual da questão: a partir da existência de cursos de graduação em História da Arte em algumas regiões do Brasil – e sua suposta primazia na formação de jovens profissionais –, em um país cujas particularidades culturais e sociais diferem do ambiente de origem da disciplina, qual história da arte é possível ser praticada?
Líderes eclesiásticos do primeiro bispado mineiro: 1749 a 1904
Authors: Dores Marcus Vinícius Pereira das
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho visa a apresentar breves biografias dos bispos da diocese de Mariana do período de 1749 a 1904. Nosso contato com essas figuras episcopais se deu durante a nossa pesquisa de mestrado, em que editamos parte do Livro de Inventários da Catedral de Mariana – bem integrante do Programa Memória do Mundo da UNESCO. Utilizamos, como fundamentação histórica deste artigo, trabalhos relacionados à história mineira, de modo destacado alguns trabalhos do historiador e memorialista mineiro Cônego Raimundo Otávio Trindade. Os bispos de Mariana, administradores do primeiro episcopado mineiro, testemunharam e/ou fizeram parte de diversos fatos históricos de Mariana, de Minas Gerais e até do Brasil. Neste artigo, são apresentados também os brasões e as imagens dos bispos aqui elencados.
Instruções de viagem a Europa ao primeiro pensionista da Academia Imperial de Belas Artes
Authors: Santos Paola Matheus dos , Mikhail Beatriz Dias
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as Instruções de Viagem recebidas por Antônio Baptista da Rocha, aluno de arquitetura da Academia Imperial de Belas Artes, ganhador do primeiro Prêmio de Viagem à Itália em 1845.
La protección de las relaciones intergeneracionales entre nietos y abuelos en el Código Civil y Comercial. Consideraciones a partir de su lectura transversal
Authors: Vazzano Florencia
Published: December 2020

Las familias de la actualidad se desenvuelven en escenarios de múltiples interacciones intergeneracionales, es decir, vinculaciones entre sujeto/as que pertenecen a generaciones diversas (Dabove, 2008), dentro de las cuales se destacan en este trabajo las que se entablan entre nieto/as y abuelo/as, así como también, entre bisnieto/as y bisabuelo/as (Chechile-Herrera, 2012). Las relaciones intrafamiliares entre lo/as sujeto/as que integran esas generaciones reciben su debida protección en el complejo jurídico, a través de respuestas inspiradas en la protección de la “persona”, en particular, mediante un especial resguardo de los derechos de lo/as nieto/as o bisnieto/as que son niños, niñas y adolescentes (Fernández, 2015)), y abuelo/as o bisabuelo/as que son personas mayores (Dabove, 2018).  El Código Civil y Comercial refleja en sus diversas captaciones la protección de las relaciones intergeneracionales entre nieto/as y abuelo/as, así como entre bisnieto/as y bisabuelo/as, integrándose al sistema jurídico en consonancia con las exigencias que devienen de los estándares internacionales y constitucionales en la materia. De allí que el presente trabajo tiene como propósito mostrar que la trascendencia que se asigna a dichas interacciones se desprende del análisis de diversos institutos incorporados al Código Civil y Comercial a partir del impacto del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, así como de la “re-interpretación” de figuras tradicionalmente receptadas por el mundo jurídico. Por tanto, la temática se aborda desde una lectura transversal de distintas instituciones del Derecho de Familias que demuestran lo antedicho.
Mercados financieros y bursátiles como mercados de consumo. Protección de los usuarios y consumidores financieros
Authors: Leturia Mauro Fernando , Gochicoa Adrián E.
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad el análisis conceptual de los denominados mercados financieros y bursátiles como mercados de consumo, principalmente a la luz del análisis de los conceptos de relación de consumo, proveedores, consumidor y usuarios. Trabajándose la temática de la duplicación de deuda del usuario financiero en virtud del libramiento de pagares como garantía personal de las operaciones financieras y de crédito para consumo en el caso de los mercados financieros, y la caracterización del consumidor financiero en el caso de los mercados de valores o bursátiles. Dicho análisis se realiza abarcando el estudio de la normativa vigente, como de la doctrina existente y jurisprudencia reciente al respecto.
Tax Day - día de la declaración jurada tributaria en los Estados Unidos de América y en la República Argentina
Authors: Bariggi Mónica
Published: December 2020

En Estados Unidos de América acontece un gran evento que enmarca la presentación de información tributaria respecto del Impuesto a las Ganancias ante el Fisco llamado y reconocido como tax day. en nuestro país existe el mismo acto tributario para el mismo tipo de impuesto, sin embargo, la importancia de la fecha límite del día de la presentacón de la declaración jurada del Impuesto a las Ganancias no se observa con las mismas características. Del análisis del tax day, sus orígenes y caracterísitcas como así tambien de la identificación de las diferencias y similitudes con la norma argentina; se pretenderá dar repuesta a porqué resulta ser tan importante en ese Estado este instituto.
Un vistazo a los mecanismos de solución de controversias en el T-MEC
Authors: López González Francisco
Published: December 2020

A 26 años de la creación de una zona de libre comercio en América del Norte, el T-MEC está llamado a sustituir las reglas que permitieron la consolidación de un bloque comercial regional que parecía sólido y bien apreciado por los tres países que lo conformaban. La llamada nacionalista de Trump que puso a “América primero” trajo, después de una sufrida negociación, un pacto más restrictivo a favor de Estados Unidos de América y menos conveniente para Canadá y México. Si bien los mecanismos de solución de diferencias de este T-MEC abrevan de la experiencia del TLCAN, existen características que los hacen particulares y novedosos. El razonamiento inductivo lleva a prever que serán la gran válvula de despresurización del régimen comercial recién reformulado.
Una necesaria aproximación a la responsabilidad penal por mala praxis médica
Authors: Camilo Momblanc Liuver
Published: December 2020

Las presentes reflexiones versan, desde un punto de vista peculiar y sin matices de cruzada, sobre uno de los temas más polémicos y antiguos a lo largo de la historia de las ciencias jurídicas en su relación con el ejercicio de la medicina: la responsabilidad médica. Este tópico ha experimentado una especial preocupación en la sociedad contemporánea por la progresiva judicialización de la medicina. Mayor inquietud genera aquella que alcanza los predios del Derecho Penal en torno a la cual existe un creciente debate académico, siendo inevitable que surjan opiniones diversas en torno a la imprudencia médica. En el artículo se sistematizan, a partir de un estudio doctrinal, exegético y comparado, algunos de sus principales fundamentos teóricos. Nos referimos a los presupuestos de la responsabilidad jurídica, el concepto de mala praxis médica, las diferentes posturas relativas a su incriminación, así como a la relevancia de la clasificación de la imprudencia en el análisis de la mala praxis médica.
Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y sus efectos en los institutos de participación y representación política
Authors: Bercholc Jorge O.
Published: December 2020

El comportamiento electoral de los votantes y las exitosas estrategias electorales en algunos resonantes ejemplos recientes, han generado perplejidad sobre los efectos e influencias que las tecnologías digitales pueden generar en los procesos de participación y representación política.El big data; los filtros y elecciones por dispositivos de algoritmos a través de los cuales se accede a la avalancha de información existente en la red; el avance sobre la privacidad e intimidad de estos dispositivos para la obtención de los datos que construyen el big data, a través de la propia huella digital que los usuarios proveen;; los efectos de fragmentación, interseccionalidades y polarización;; los Catch Each Party; el fenómeno de Cambridge Analytica. ¿Cómo se relacionan estas novedades tecnológicas con los institutos de participación, representación y los procesos electorales?
La autonomía económica y financiera de los municipios con particular atención al poder tributario
Authors: Goñi María Josefina
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se aborda la problemática de las limitaciones tributarias que encuentran los municipios argentinos, que, de conformidad al artículo 123 de la Constitución Nacional reformada en el año 1994, son autónomos. En el contexto mencionado se evalúa el alcance del poder de imposición de los municipios en nuestro país. Asimismo, se considera el tema en la provincia de Buenos Aires donde si bien el régimen municipal no se ha reformado en la reforma constitucional realizada en el año 1994, los municipios presentan autonomía económico-financiera y la dificultad se encuentra en relación a la aplicación de las normas. En lo atinente a la metodología utilizada se recurre al método analítico comparativo de diferentes constituciones provinciales argentinas con respecto a la aplicación de las políticas fiscales federales relacionadas con los municipios. Asimismo, se recurre al método racional deductivo e histórico, para analizar los cambios producidos en la evolución de nuestro federalismo.
La evaluación de los aprendizajes y los errores en el estudio del Derecho Romano
Authors: Aramburu Romina del Valle
Published: December 2020

Se llevó a cabo un estudio acerca de lo que significa la evaluación cómo procesos diversos y sus implicancias en el ámbito universitario de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, más específicamente en la materia Derecho Romano. Para ello se realizó un trabajo de campo sobre de los mecanismos pedagógicos vinculados con los procesos de evaluación de los aprendizajes requeridos por los alumnos en la búsqueda de la efectividad de que cumplan con las exigencias curriculares al ser evaluados y no que sea un mero instrumento que les ponga límites en el momento de ser calificados. La evaluación es un tema de complejidad y aquí se lo vincula al análisis del error, su concepto y clases, porque la evaluación es una constante evolución pedagógica y no un instrumento estanco, se promueve el desarrollo de habilidades tanto para el docente como para el/la del alumno/a.
Apuntes para una periodización de la historia constitucional argentina
Authors: Rincón Ricardo Germán
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo ofrece una periodización de la historia constitucional argentina, que luego se desarrolla contextualizadamente tomando datos de la historia política, social y económica de nuestro país. El análisis de las etapas es precedido por un breve repaso de las circunstancias previas a 1810 que hemos considerado relevante.
MEKANISME ENDOSITOSIS, DEGRADASI HEMOGLOBIN DAN DETOKSIFIKASI HEME PARASIT MALARIA
Authors: Safarianti Safarianti , Muhsin Muhsin , Maryatun Maryatun , Rezeki Soraya
Published: December 2020

Abstrak.Parasit malaria (Plasmodium Sp) adalah parasit golongan Protozoa yang hidup obligat intrasel. Parasit ini menimbulkan penyakit malaria pada manusia melalui perantara nyamuk betina Anopheles Sp. Pada siklus hidupnya, sejumlah besar merozoit yang bebas akan menginvasi sel eritrosit host. Proses invasi ini berlangsung melalui 4 tahap yaitu attachment atau perlekatan merozoit pada permukaan eritrosit, reorientasi dengan cara berputar untuk mencari tempat yang tepat dalam memasuki sel eritrosit, lalu mengarahkan rhoptry ke permukaan eritrosit, junction dan kemudian melakukan invaginasi untuk masuk ke dalam eritrosit, diakhiri dengan sealing atau menutup kembali eritrosit.Merozoit di dalam eritrosit hidup di lingkungan yang terpisah dari suplai nutrisi sirkulasi darah, sementara parasit memerlukan nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya.Akhirnya parasit mengembangkan suatu mekanisme baru yaitu endositosis untuk mendapatkan nutrisi dari sitosol sel eritrosit host yang sebahagian besar adalah hemoglobin.Hemoglobin tersebut harus didegradasi terlebih dahulu menjadi heme dan globin agar dapat digunakan sebagai sumber asam amino bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan parasit. Proses degradasi hemoglobin ini menimbulkan konsekuensi yang merugikan bagi parasit karena akan membebaskan heme yang bersifat toksik, namun parasit mampu mengatasinya dengan mengembangkan beberapa cara mendetoksifikasi heme toksik menjadi pigmen hemozoin yang bersifat non toksik bagi parasit. Kata kunci : Hemoglobin, degradasi hemoglobin, detoksifikasi heme. Abstract.  Malaria parasite (Plasmodium Sp) is an obligate intracellular parasit. This parasite causes malaria in humans through vector Anopheles Sp. In its life cycle, large amounts of free merozoites will invade host erythrocytes. This invasion process takes place through 4 stages, attachmentof merozoites on the surface of erythrocytes, reorientation by rotating to find the right place in entering erythrocyte cells, then directing rhoptry to surface of erythrocytes, junction and then invaginating to enter into erythrocytes, ending with sealing or closing back the erythrocytes. Merozoites in erythrocytes live in an environment separate from the supply of blood circulating nutrients, while parasites require nutrients for their growth and development. Finally the parasite develops a new mechanism called endocytosis to obtain nutrients from host erythrocytes cytosolwhich is largely are hemoglobin. The hemoglobin must first be degraded into heme and globin to be used as a source of amino acids for growth and development of parasites. This hemoglobin degradation process has an adverse consequence for the parasite because it will liberate the toxic heme, but the parasite is able to overcome it by developing some way to detoxify the toxic heme into a non-toxic crystal hemozoin. Keywords : Hemoglobin, hemoglobin degradation, heme detocxification
ANCAMAN PARTUS PREMATURUS DAPATKAH DICEGAH: SEBUAH LAPORAN KASUS DI RSUDZA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Andalas Mohd , Muchsalmina Muchsalmina , Hamle Huzaife , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Wanita berusia 27 tahun, primigrapida, datang ke Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA) dengan keluhan mules-mules dibagian perut. Pasien sudah mengeluh sejak 3 hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pasien juga mengeluhkan keluar air-air dari jalan lahir. Pada pemeriksaan fisik pasien di RSUDZA dalam keadaan baik. Pemeriksaan genikologis, adneksa kiri dan kanan, tidak ada bulging pada kavum Douglas dan juga tidak ada massa didaerah serviks. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dalam batas  normal. Pasien didiagnosa dengan Ancaman Partus Prematurus. Pasien direncanakan untuk mempertahankan kehamilanPada pasien ini dapat dicegah ancaman persalinan prematur dengan memberikan titrasi nifedipin 10 mg sampai hilangnya his maksimal 120 mg dan berikan maintance adalat oros 1x30mg. dan kortikosteroid untuk pematangan paru dengan deksamethason 6mg/12jam  selama 2 hari, dan clindamisin 3x300 mg dan metronidazole 3x500 mg.Kasus ancaman persalinan prematur pada kasus ini bisa dicegah,sehingga dapat menurunkan resiko mortalitas dan morbilitas bagi ibu dan bayi.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PENGGUNAAN ERITROPOETIN (HEMAPO® , EPOTREX®, NEORECORMON®) PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS DI RSUP PERSAHABATAN
Authors: Widianti Chandra , Anggriani Yusi , Kusumaeni Tri , Meila Okpri
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Penerapan INA-CBGs (Indonesia Case Base Groups) di era JKN mendorong penyedia layanan kesehatan, untuk menghitung biaya yang dikeluarkan agar tidak merugi. Pada pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK) yang menjalani hemodialisis, prevalensi anemia cukup tinggi, sehingga diberikan eritropoetin (EPO). Dibutuhkan penelitian untuk mengetahui dari beberapa jenis EPO, mana yang lebih cost-effective. Penelitian deskriptif non-eksperimental dilakukan di Unit Hemodialisa Rumah Sakit Persahabatan. Efektivitas terapi ditentukan oleh peningkatan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) setelah 3 (tiga) bulan berturut-turut mendapatkan terapi EPO yang sama. Analisis efektivitas-biaya diperoleh dengan menghitung nilai CER (Cost-Effectiveness Ratio). Hasil menunjukkan penggunaan Neorecormon® memiliki efektivitas yang lebih tinggi dengan persentase jumlah pasien yang mengalami peningkatan Hb sebesar 56,41% dibandingkan Hemapo® (54%) dan Epotrex® (52,63%). Total biaya pengobatan rata-rata dengan Hemapo® , Epotrex® dan Neorecormon® masing-masing Rp. 32.552.117, Rp. 34.787.487 dan Rp. 32.866.969. Hasil perhitungan nilai CER dalam penggunaan Neorecormon® untuk pasien yang mengalami peningkatan Hb adalah Rp 58.264.437, lebih kecil daripada Hemapo® (Rp. 60.281.698) and Epotrex® (Rp. 66.098.208). Berdasarkan nilai CER dan tabel efektivitas-biaya, menunjukkan bahwa Neorecormon® adalah pilihan terapi yang lebih cost-effective daripada Hemapo® dan Epotrex®.Kata-kata kunci: Analisis efektivitas-biaya, hemodialisis, eritropoetinAbstract. INA-CBGs (Indonesia Case Base Groups) in JKN era, encourages health care providers to calculate costs incurred so as not to lose money. In Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients who undergo hemodialysis, anemia prevalence is high enough to require administration of erythropoietin (EPO). Its necessary to investigate the therapeutic treatment from several types of EPO, which is more cost-effective. Descriptive non-experimental research conducted in the Hemodialysis Unit in Persahabatan Hospital. The effectiveness determined by an increased in hemoglobin (Hb) levels after three (3) months earned the same EPO therapy. Cost-effectiveness analysis is obtained by calculated the CER (Cost-Effectiveness Ratio). The results shows that Neorecormon® have a higher effectiveness with the percentage of patients whose Hb level increase by 56.41% comparing to Hemapo® (54%) and Neorecormon® (52.63%). The average total cost with Hemapo®, Epotrex® and Neorecormon® each successive Rp. 32.552.117, Rp. 34.787.487 and Rp. 32.866.969. The CER value of Neorecormon® show cost-effectiveness of Rp 58.264.437 for a patient with an increase in Hb, smaller than Hemapo® (Rp. 60.281.698) and Epotrex® (Rp. 66.098.208). Based on CER value and cost effectiveness grid, shows that Neorecormon® is the choice that is more cost-effective than Hemapo® and Epotrex®. Keywords : Cost effectiveness analysis, hemodialysis, erythropoetin
PENATALAKSANAAN GLAUKOMA AKUT PRIMER SUDUT TERBUKA
Authors: Sari Yulia Puspita
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Glaukoma merupakan penyebab kebutaan kedua terbanyak di seluruh dunia setelah katarak. Glaukoma sudut terbuka primer biasanya terjadi pada pasien dewasa yaitu di atas usia 40 tahun. Laporan kasus ini memaparkan seorang pria berusia 46 tahun datang ke Poliklinik Mata Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh dengan keluhan pandangan kabur pada mata kanan. Pada pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan keadaam umum tampak sakit sedang, composmentis, TD 130/80 mmHg, Nadi 82 x/menit, RR 19 x/menit, T 36,7oC. Pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan mata kanan VOD 6/60, TIO mata kanan 21,7 mmHg dan mata kiri 17,3 mmHg. Pada pemeriksaan segmen anterior mata kanan  dan kiri dalam batas normal dengan kedalaman bilik mata depan keduanya von Herick derajat II. Pada pemeriksaan gonioskopi pada mata kanan dan kiri kedua sudut bilik mata depan terbuka.  Pemeriksaan perimetri dijumpai hasil yaitu pada mata kanan terdapat nasal step dan enlargement blind spot sedangkan pada mata kiri dijumpai enlargement blind spot. Pasien didiagnosa dengan glaukoma sudut terbuka primer OD. Penatalaksanaan yang dilakukan ialah dengan menggunakan obat tetes mata timolol maleat 0,5%, dan artificial tears.Kata Kunci: Glaukoma sudut primer terbuka, penatalaksanaan  Abstract. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide after cataracts. Primary open-angle glaucoma usually occurs in adult patients over the age of 40 years. This case report describes a 46-year-old man who came to the Eye Clinic at Dr.  Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh Regional General Hospital with complaints of blurred vision in the right eye. On physical examination showed that the general condition appeared to be moderately pain, composmentis, TD 130/80 mmHg, pulse 82 x / min, RR 19 x / min, T 36.7 ° C. Examination visual acuity of right eye was 6/60, and left eyes was 6/9. Intra ocular pressure of right eye was 21.7 mmHg and left eye was 17.3 mmHg. Anterior segment examination was normal on both eyes with anterior chamber depth was von Herick grade II of both eyes.  Perimetry examination showed nasal step and enlargement of the blind spot on right eye, enlargement of the blind spot on left eye. Posterior segment examination was 0,6 with minimal cupping disc on right eye and 0,5 on left eye. This patient was diagnosed as  primary open angle glaucoma OD and treated with timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops and artificial tears.Primary open angle glaucoma,  managementKeywords: Primary open angle glaucoma,  management