bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HR data analytics and evidence based practice as a strategic business partner
Authors: Patil B.S. , Priya M.R. Suji Raga
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to target utilizing Human resources (HRs) data analytics that may enhance strategic business, but little study has examined how it affects components. Data analytics, HRM and strategic business require empirical investigations and how to over come HR data analytics implementation issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A semi-systematic methodology for its evaluation allows for a more complete examination of the literature that emerges theoretical framework and a structured survey questionnaire for quantitative data collection from IT sector personnel. SPSS analyses data.

Findings

Future research is essential for organisations to exploit HR data analytics’ performance-enhancing potential. Data analytics should complement human judgment, not replace it. This paper details these transitions, the important contributions to theory and practice and future research.

Research limitations/implications

Data analytics has grown rapidly and might make HRM practices faster, more efficient and data-driven. HR data analytics may improve strategic business. HR data analytics on employee retention, engagement and organisational success is insufficient. HR data analytics may boost performance, but there is limited proof. The authors do not know how HRM data analytics influences firms and employees.

Originality/value

Data analytics offers HRM new opportunities, along with technical and ethical challenges. This study makes a significant contribution to HR data analytics, evidence-based practice and strategic business literature. In addition to estimating turnover risk, identifying engagement factors and planning interventions to increase retention and engagement, HR data analytics can also estimate the risk of employee attrition.
Supplemental nesting habitat increases bee abundance in apple orchards
Authors: Hyjazie Batoule F. , Forrest Jessica R. K.
Published: January 2024

Identifying the resources that limit bee populations is essential for both bee conservation and pollination management in agroecosystems. Land‐use change typically leads to decreased habitat availability for wild pollinators, including loss of nesting habitat, which is an essential but often‐overlooked resource for wild bees. Cavity‐nesting bees, such as many Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), occupy holes in wood or reeds to build their nests; due to their nesting habits, they are frequently scarce in agricultural settings. Nevertheless, under the right circumstances, these bees can be ideal pollinators of apple and other orchard crops. Artificial nesting structures (‘bee hotels’ or ‘trap‐nests’) are often used to study cavity‐nesting bees and have been proposed as tools for bee conservation.

To evaluate the effects of additional nesting habitat on the local abundance of pollinators, we selected 24 sites in apple orchards in eastern Canada in 2021 and 2022. Each site comprised two study plots: one in which we installed artificial nesting structures for cavity‐nesting bees, and one without added nesting habitat (control).

Pollinator surveys were conducted in both plot types to measure pollinator visits to apple blossoms and, after apple bloom, to flowers in the undergrowth and/or in shrubs. Numbers and size of developing fruit were also recorded. Both Osmia bees and overall pollinator numbers were significantly higher in the treatment with trap‐nests (respectively, 33% and 22% higher during the 2021 growing season, and 113% and 30% higher during apple bloom across the 2 years of the study); however, there was no consistent difference in apple size or fruit set between the two treatments. Thus, trap‐nests locally increased the numbers of cavity‐nesting bees as well as total pollinator numbers, but they had little effect on apple yield, likely because apple production was not pollinator limited in the years of this study.

Synthesis and applications. These findings suggest that bee populations in apple orchards can be limited by nesting resources such that addition of constructed nesting habitat could be an effective means of increasing pollinator numbers in orchards, and potentially, supporting bee conservation.
Bees go up, flowers go down: Increased resource limitation from late spring to summer in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Bishop Gabriella A. , Fijen Thijs P. M. , Raemakers Ivo , van Kats Ruud J. M. , Kleijn David
Published: January 2024

The loss of floral resources is a leading cause of wild bee decline in agricultural landscapes, but little is known about the temporal aspects of floral resource limitation for both social and solitary bees. Understanding when floral resources are most needed is crucial for the optimal design of pollinator conservation measures.

We surveyed bees and flowers in 160 semi‐natural habitat patches multiple times per year (May–July) for 5 years. We identified the seasonality of floral resources and wild bees and examined inter‐ and intra‐annual patterns of floral resource limitation at both local and landscape scales.

Floral resource availability varied across years but generally peaked in late May, after which it declined and remained low through July.

Bumblebee and solitary bee abundances increased across the season, leading to stronger floral resource limitation for both groups later in the season. Bumblebee abundance was marginally positively associated with the cumulative amount of landscape‐scale floral resources as well as the floral resources of the previous year. Solitary bee abundance was only predicted by local‐scale floral resources.

Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that agri‐environmental management should target the provision of summer floral resources for both social and solitary bees. Local‐scale enhancement of floral resources can likely benefit solitary bees, but bumblebees probably require the management of floral resources at the landscape scale. Increasing the floral resources and the flowering period of herbaceous habitats that cover large proportions of the landscape, such as pastures, has the greatest potential to improve summer floral resources for bees.
Comparison of the negative effect of remimazolam and propofol on cardiac contractility: Analysis of a randomised parallel‐group trial and a preclinical ex vivo study
Authors: Yoshikawa Yusuke , Oura Shunsuke , Kanda Masatoshi , Chaki Tomohiro , Hirata Naoyuki , Edanaga Mitsutaka , Yamakage Michiaki
Published: January 2024

Remimazolam is a newly developed ultra‐short‐acting benzodiazepine that exerts sedative effects. This study aimed to clarify the effects of remimazolam on cardiac contractility. In a randomised‐parallel group trial, haemodynamic parameters were compared between propofol (n = 11) and remimazolam (n = 12) groups during the induction of general anaesthesia in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery. In a preclinical study, the direct effects of remimazolam on cardiac contractility were also evaluated using isolated rat hearts. RNA sequence data obtained from rat and human hearts were analysed to assess the expression patterns of the cardiac γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subunits. In a clinical study, the proportional change of the maximum rate of arterial pressure rise was milder during the study period in the remimazolam group (propofol: −52.6 [10.2] (mean [standard deviation])% vs. remimazolam: −39.7% [10.5%], p = 0.007). In a preclinical study, remimazolam did not exert a negative effect on left ventricle developed pressure, whereas propofol did exert a negative effect after bolus administration of a high dose (propofol: −26.9% [3.5%] vs. remimazolam: −1.1 [6.9%], p < 0.001). Analysis of the RNA sequence revealed a lack of γ subunits, which are part of the major benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor, in rat and human hearts. These results indicate that remimazolam does not have a direct negative effect on cardiac contractility, which might contribute to its milder effect on cardiac contractility during the induction of general anaesthesia. The expression patterns of cardiac GABAA receptor subunits might be associated with the unique pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines in the heart.
Higher education crisis: Academic misconduct with generative AI
Authors: Song NaYoung
Published: January 2024

Higher educational institutions (HEIs) are facing a significant challenge in maintaining academic integrity due to the technological integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI). The widespread use of AI tools by college students has resulted in an increase in plagiarism and cheating, highlighting the need for effective implementation of this technology. However, there is a lack of research on the best practices for using AI in academic settings. HEIs must take responsibility for addressing these issues, as the majority of institutions do not have formal guidelines for AI use, leading to confusion among students and instructors. To combat academic misconduct, HEIs should establish clear objectives and policies for the equitable, inclusive, and ethical use of AI. Improving AI literacy among students and faculty is crucial, as it ensures that everyone has equal access to technology, preventing a digital divide. Moreover, proactive education on the ethical use of AI is vital for HEIs to prepare students for the AI‐driven future of education and maintain academic integrity.
Attitudes, knowledge and practice regarding the anti‐müllerian hormone test among general practitioners and reproductive specialists: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Copp Tessa , Thompson Rachel , Hammarberg Karin , Lensen Sarah , Augustine Lidiya , Doust Jenny , Peate Michelle , Cvejic Erin , Mol Ben W. , Lieberman Devora , McCaffery Kirsten J.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe clinicians' attitudes, knowledge and practice relating to the anti‐müllerian hormone (AMH) test.

Design

Cross‐sectional nationwide survey.

Setting

Australia.

Population or Sample

A total of 362 general practitioners (GPs), gynaecologists and reproductive specialists.

Methods

Clinicians were recruited through relevant professional organisations, with data collected from May 2021 to April 2022.

Main outcome measures

Clinicians' attitudes, knowledge and practice relating to the AMH test, measured using multiple choice, Likert scales and open‐ended items.

Results

Fifteen percent of GPs (n = 27) and 40% of gynaecologists and other specialists (n = 73) order at least one AMH test per month. Specialists reported raising the idea of testing most of the time, whereas GPs reported that patient request was more common. Half of clinicians lacked confidence interpreting (n = 182, 51%) and explaining (n = 173, 48%) an AMH result to their patients. Five percent (n = 19) believed the test was moderately/very useful in predicting natural conception/birth and 22% (n = 82) believed the same for predicting premature menopause, despite evidence that the test cannot reliably predict either. Forty percent (n = 144) had previously ordered the test to help with reproductive planning and 21% (n = 75) to provide reassurance about fertility.

Conclusions

Clinicians reported use of AMH testing in clinical circumstances not supported by the evidence. With the proliferation of direct‐to‐consumer testing, efforts to support clinicians in the judicious use of testing and effectively navigating patient requests are needed.
A whole‐cell hypersensitive biosensor for beta‐lactams based on the AmpR‐AmpC regulatory circuit from the Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. IB20
Authors: Higuera‐Llantén Sebastián , Alcalde‐Rico Manuel , Vasquez‐Ponce Felipe , Ibacache‐Quiroga Claudia , Blazquez Jesús , Olivares‐Pacheco Jorge
Published: January 2024

Detecting antibiotic residues is vital to minimize their impact. Yet, existing methods are complex and costly. Biosensors offer an alternative. While many biosensors detect various antibiotics, specific ones for beta‐lactams are lacking. To address this gap, a biosensor based on the AmpC beta‐lactamase regulation system (ampR–ampC) from Pseudomonas sp. IB20, an Antarctic isolate, was developed in this study. The AmpR–AmpC system is well‐conserved in the genus Pseudomonas and has been extensively studied for its involvement in peptidoglycan recycling and beta‐lactam resistance. To create the biosensor, the ampC coding sequence was replaced with the mCherry fluorescent protein as a reporter, resulting in a transcriptional fusion. This construct was then inserted into Escherichia coli SN0301, a beta‐lactam hypersensitive strain, generating a whole‐cell biosensor. The biosensor demonstrated dose‐dependent detection of penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. However, the most interesting aspect of this work is the high sensitivity presented by the biosensor in the detection of carbapenems, as it was able to detect 8 pg/mL of meropenem and 40 pg/mL of imipenem and reach levels of 1–10 ng/mL for penicillins and cephalosporins. This makes the biosensor a powerful tool for the detection of beta‐lactam antibiotics, specifically carbapenems, in different matrices.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) as adjunct treatment in life threatening postpartum hemorrhage: Fourteen years' experience from a single Norwegian center
Authors: Stensæth Knut Haakon , Carlsen Marte Irene Skille , Løvvik Tone Shetelig , Uleberg Oddvar , Brede Jostein Rødseth , Søvik Edmund
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a global health problem. The introduction of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in 2008 sought to enhance the management of hemorrhagic shock during PPH. In this study, we present a single Norwegian center's experience with REBOA as a supportive treatment in combating life threatening PPH.

Material and methods

This is a historical cohort study from St Olav's University Hospital, with data from period 2008–2021. It includes all patients who underwent REBOA as an adjunct treatment due to life threatening PPH, analyzing the outcomes and trends over a 14‐year period.

Results

A total of 37 patients received REBOA as an adjunct treatment. All procedures were technically successful, achieving hemodynamic stability with an immediate average increase in systolic blood pressure of 36 ± 22 mmHg upon initial balloon inflation. Additionally, a downward trend was noted in the frequency of hysterectomies and the volume of blood transfusions required over time. No thromboembolic complications were observed.

Conclusions

Our 14 years of experience at St Olav's Hospital suggests that REBOA serves as a safe and effective adjunct interventional technique for managing life‐threatening PPH. Furthermore, the findings indicate that incorporating a multidisciplinary approach to enable rapid aortic occlusion can potentially reduce the necessity for blood transfusions and hysterectomies.
Editorial: Eosinophilic oesophagitis coming of age—Increasing frequency and wider age range
Authors: Attwood Stephen E.
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kiran et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17781 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17811
Editorial: Can we predict or not predict response to hypnotherapy? That is the question
Authors: Lövdahl Jenny , Törnblom Hans
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Devenney et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17815
Letter: Baseline age on antiviral treatment may significantly influence the clinical response of children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Yaxin , Wang Fu‐Sheng
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17667 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17843
The ‘revolving door’ of mental illness: A meta‐analysis and systematic review of current versus lifetime rates of psychological disorders
Authors: Menzies Rachel E. , Richmond Bethany , Sharpe Louise , Skeggs Amira , Liu Janessa , Coutts‐Bain Daelin
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Therapists have long observed a phenomenon referred to as the ‘revolving door’ of mental health services, in which individuals often develop, seek treatment for, and recover from multiple mental illnesses across their life. However, this has not been systematically examined. If this phenomenon is widespread, one would expect that the number of lifetime disorders would exceed that of current disorders. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to test this hypothesis.

Methods

A search was conducted of the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. In total, 38 studies were included in the current review; 27 of these contained sufficient quantitative data to be included in the meta‐analysis, addressing the primary research aim. The remaining 11 studies were included in the systematic review only.

Results

Meta‐analyses of the 27 studies indicated that the average number of lifetime disorders was 1.84 times that of current disorders. Previous treatment significantly moderated this relationship, while the clinical nature of the sample did not. Examination of the remaining studies revealed common temporal sequences, indicating disorders which typically develop first or consequently to other disorders.

Conclusions

These findings provide support for the revolving door of mental illness, suggesting a need for transdiagnostic treatments and broader conceptualisation of relapse prevention.
EPAS1‐mutated paragangliomas associated with haemoglobin disorders
Authors: Mancini Maxence , Buffet Alexandre , Porte Baptiste , Amar Laurence , Lussey‐Lepoutre Charlotte , Crinière Lise , Baudin Eric , Meatchi Tchao , Gimenez‐Roqueplo Anne‐Paule , Favier Judith , Burnichon Nelly
Published: January 2024

We report a large series of 40 patients presenting EPAS1‐mutated paraganglioma (PGL) in whom we investigated a cause underlying chronic hypoxia. Four patients suffered from hypoxaemic heart disease. In patients with available haemoglobin electrophoresis results, 59% presented with a haemoglobin disorder, including six with sickle cell disease, five with sickle cell trait and two with heterozygous haemoglobin C disease. Histological and transcriptomic characterization of EPAS1 tumours revealed increased angiogenesis and high similarities with pseudohypoxic PGLs caused by VHL gene mutations. Sickle haemoglobinopathy carriers could thus be at increased risk for developing EPAS1‐PGLs, which should be taken into account in their management and surveillance.
Bringing Down the Scaremongers: Venezuelan Diaspora as a Dog Whistle in Colombia's 2022 Presidential Election
Authors: Páez Moreno Ángel E. , Lugo‐ocando Jairo , Garzón Viviana
Published: January 2024

This article examines how the Venezuelan diaspora has been portrayed in the media during the Colombian presidential election of 2022 and how it has influenced voters' preferences there. It examines presidential debates and conversations on X (formerly Twitter), as well as traditional legacy media and digital natives' media material. The authors used a population‐based sample of 17,372 articles on the 2022 elections to analyse data from a stratified sample. Our findings point to a potential socio‐political turning point away from the social imaginary that had been equating Venezuelan realities with leftist ideologies in Colombia and other parts of Latin America.
Navigating risk: Young women's pathways through the care, education and criminal justice systems
Authors: Larsson Birgit , Schofield Gillian , Biggart Laura , Ward Emma , Dodsworth Jane , Scaife Victoria
Published: January 2024

The criminalization of young women in care remains an important practice and policy issue in England despite 2018 national guidance and the subsequent development of local authority protocols to reduce the criminalization of care‐experienced young people. This paper contributes to the emerging research on young women whose behaviour challenges professionals, through secondary analysis of case file data and narrative interviews with 24 care‐experienced young women from a national project on care and offending. Analysis focused on young women's pathways through the care, justice and education systems and identified five domains within young women's lives where available risk or resilience factors were significant in directing young women towards prosocial opportunities, to new types of victimization or to criminalization and offending. These domains consisted of placements and caregiver relationships; partner relationships; pregnancy and motherhood; participation in education; and the transition to adulthood through leaving care. The paper concludes with implications for practice for professionals working with young women, in particular emphasizing that how the care, justice and education systems respond to young women can contribute to negative pathways or transform them.
Predicting Hand Movements With Distributional Semantics: Evidence From Mouse‐Tracking
Authors: Gatti Daniele , Marelli Marco , Rinaldi Luca
Published: January 2024

Although mouse‐tracking has been taken as a real‐time window on different aspects of human decision‐making processes, whether purely semantic information affects response conflict at the level of motor output as measured through mouse movements is still unknown. Here, across two experiments, we investigated the effects of semantic knowledge by predicting participants’ performance in a standard keyboard task and in a mouse‐tracking task through distributional semantics, a usage‐based modeling approach to meaning. In Experiment 1, participants were shown word pairs and were required to perform a two‐alternative forced choice task selecting either the more abstract or the more concrete word, using standard keyboard presses. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same task, yet this time response selection was achieved by moving the computer mouse. Results showed that the involvement of semantic components in the task at hand is observable using both standard reaction times (Experiment 1) as well as using indexes extracted from mouse trajectories (Experiment 2). In particular, mouse trajectories reflected the response conflict and its temporal evolution, with a larger deviation for increasing word semantic relatedness. These findings support the validity of mouse‐tracking as a method to detect deep and implicit decision‐making features. Additionally, by demonstrating that a usage‐based model of meaning can account for the different degrees of cognitive conflict associated with task achievement, these findings testify the impact of the human semantic memory on decision‐making processes.
Thought Experiments as an Error Detection and Correction Tool
Authors: Bascandziev Igor
Published: January 2024

The ability to recognize and correct errors in one's explanatory understanding is critically important for learning. However, little is known about the mechanisms that determine when and under what circumstances errors are detected and how they are corrected. The present study investigated thought experiments as a potential tool that can reveal errors and trigger belief revision in the service of error correction. Across two experiments, 1149 participants engaged in reasoning about force and motion (a domain with well‐documented misconceptions) in a pre‐training—training—post‐training design. The two experiments manipulated the type of mental model manipulated in the thought experiments (i.e., whether participants reasoned about forces acting on their own bodies vs. on external objects), as well as the level of relational and argumentative reasoning about the outcomes of the thought experiments. The results showed that: (i) thought experiments can serve as a tool to elicit inconsistencies in one's representations; (ii) the level of relational and argumentative reasoning determines the level of belief revision in the service of error correction; and (iii) the type of mental model manipulated in a thought experiment determines its outcome and its potential to initiate belief revision. Thought experiments can serve as a valuable teaching and learning tool, and they can help us better understand the nature of error detection and correction systems.
When Good Intention Goes Away: Social Feedback Modulates the Influence of Outcome Valence on Temporal Binding
Authors: Chen Yunyun , He Hong , Zou Xintong , Zhang Xuemin
Published: January 2024

The retrospective view of temporal binding (TB), the temporal contraction between one's actions and their effects, proposes that TB is influenced by what happens after the action. However, the role of the interaction between multiple sources of information following the action in the formation of TB has received limited attention. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the combined influence of social feedback and outcome valence (i.e., positive or negative outcomes) on TB. In Experiment 1, the valenced outcome was followed by either positive or negative social feedback. The results showed that negative social feedback enlarged the difference between TB over negative and positive outcomes relative to positive social feedback. The modulatory effect of social feedback on TB was not observed in the absence of causal beliefs between actions and outcomes (Experiment 2). These results highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between cognitive, emotional, and social factors in shaping our subjective temporal experience.
Cutaneous balloon‐cell melanoma metastases to the axillary lymph node: Exploring cytomorphologic features and differential diagnoses on fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Shaker Nada , Li Zaibo , Bamporiki Judith , Sangueza Omar P. , Abid Abdul
Published: January 2024

Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) is an exceptionally uncommon histological variant, making up <1% of all malignant melanomas. Diagnosing balloon cell melanoma on cytological specimens can be challenging due to its scarcity and its similarity to other medical conditions. A comprehensive clinical assessment and histological analysis, coupled with immunohistochemical staining, play a crucial role in distinguishing balloon cell melanoma from various benign and malignant skin conditions. The differential diagnoses encompass spitz nevus, balloon cell nevus, clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (melanoma of soft tissues), metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and benign adnexal tumours like clear cell hidradenoma.

Malignant melanoma encompasses a spectrum of histopathological subtypes, each with unique clinical and cytological characteristics. Notably, balloon‐cell melanoma (BCM) emerges as an exceptionally rare and diagnostically challenging variant. Marked by the presence of distinct balloon‐like, clear cytoplasmic vacuoles within melanoma cells, BCM stands apart from other melanoma subtypes. Despite its rarity, the distinctive cytological features of BCM make it a compelling subject of investigation, emphasizing the crucial role of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology in ensuring accurate diagnosis and guiding subsequent management decisions.
A genomic predictor for age at sexual maturity for mammalian species
Authors: Heydenrych Matthew J. , Budd Alyssa M. , Mayne Benjamin , Jarman Simon
Published: January 2024

Age at sexual maturity is a key life history trait that can be used to predict population growth rates and develop life history models. In many wild animal species, the age at sexual maturity is not accurately quantified. This results in a reduced ability to accurately model demography of wild populations. Recent studies have indicated the potential for CpG density within gene promoters to be predictive of other life history traits, specifically maximum lifespan. Here, we have developed a machine learning model using gene promoter CpG density to predict the mean age at sexual maturity in mammalian species. In total, 91 genomes were used to identify 101 unique gene promoters predictive of age at sexual maturity across males and females. We found these gene promoters to be most predictive of age at sexual maturity in females (R2 = 0.881) compared to males (R2 = 0.758). The median absolute error rate was also found to be lower in females (0.427 years) compared to males (0.785 years). This model provides a novel method for species‐level age at sexual maturity prediction without the need for long‐term monitoring. This study also highlights a potential epigenetic mechanism for the onset of sexual maturity, indicating the possibility of using epigenetic biomarkers for this important life history trait.
Biomass and trait biogeography of cephalopods on the European and North American continental shelves
Authors: Ottmann Daniel , Andersen Ken H. , van Denderen P. Daniël
Published: January 2024

Aim

We evaluate whether the biomass and trait biogeography of cephalopods follow the distribution expected by metabolic theory for ectotherms with rapid growth and high metabolic rate.

Location

Continental shelves of the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific oceans; global marine ecoregions.

Time Period

1968–2020.

Major Taxa Studied

Cephalopods and fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes).

Methods

We map the biomass of cephalopods and their traits across marine shelves using scientific bottom trawl survey data from the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific. We further map global fisheries catch. We apply statistical methods to evaluate how temperature, zooplankton productivity and depth drive these patterns.

Results

Cephalopods represent a small fraction (1%) of the combined fish and cephalopod biomass on continental shelves. However, their distribution displays a high regional heterogeneity, with some areas being virtually absent of cephalopods and other areas accounting for up to 24% of total biomass. Higher temperatures and zooplankton productivity are associated with increased cephalopod biomass and proportional biomass relative to fish. The largest cephalopods are found in the Northeast Pacific. Growth rates are highest in warmer waters with fastest growth rates found in lower latitudes of the North Atlantic. Cephalopods constitute 5% of the combined fish and cephalopod global fisheries catch. This proportion varies across regions. Higher temperature and zooplankton productivity are associated with increased cephalopod catch relative to fish.

Main Conclusions

Temperature and productivity shape the large‐scale biogeography of cephalopods and their traits on marine shelves. The relations with temperature suggest that future warming could lead to a proliferation of fast‐growing cephalopods in cold and temperate systems, with implications for ecosystem dynamics and fisheries. Despite a relatively low observed biomass, cephalopods hold substantial potential to change ecosystem structure and functioning given their high energy lifestyle.
Patient and caregiver preferences for haemophilia treatments: A discrete‐choice experiment
Authors: Garcia Viridiana Cano , Mansfield Carol , Pierce Anna , Leach Colton , Smith Jane Cavanaugh , Afonso Marion
Published: January 2024

Introduction

An evolving haemophilia treatment landscape provides new possibilities for previously unattainable lifestyles.

Aim

We sought to understand how people with haemophilia (PwH) and their caregivers value the potential benefits of novel prophylactic treatments. We conducted a discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) to quantify preferences for features of haemophilia treatments among adults and caregivers of children with haemophilia. A best‐worst scaling (BWS) exercise measured the perceived burden of treatment administration features.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, web‐based survey was administered to male adults (≥18 years) and caregivers of male children (≤17 years) living with haemophilia in the United States. Respondents evaluated eight pairs of hypothetical haemophilia treatment profiles defined by six attributes in the DCE and 15 features in the BWS.

Results

In the DCE, both adults with haemophilia (n = 151) and caregivers (n = 151) prioritised avoiding the risk of developing inhibitor/ anti‐drug antibodies and treatments that allowed for a more active life. They placed a lower priority on reducing the number of spontaneous bleeding episodes, route and frequency of administration, and avoiding the risk of hospitalisation due to adverse events. The BWS documented the burdensomeness of IV infusions and medications that require mixing and refrigeration.

Conclusion

PwH and caregivers prefer treatments that enable a more active lifestyle with a lower risk of inhibitor development. Both groups valued the ability to lead an active life over reducing spontaneous bleeding, with caregivers placing the most weight on this attribute. As new treatments expand possibilities, healthcare professionals and PwH should continue to share decision‐making, incorporating clinical judgment and individual preferences.
Exploring the life experiences of school‐aged children afflicted by tethered spinal cord syndrome: An interpretative qualitative study
Authors: Lin Nan , Ren Mingxian , Xiang Yujun , Li Jiahuan , Wang Dan , Xu Hongzhen
Published: January 2024

Background

Children affected by tethered cord syndrome (TCS) encounter multifaceted challenges encompassing educational, familial and social spheres, underscoring the significance of a holistic comprehension of their subjective emotional well‐being and life encounters. Nonetheless, healthcare professionals tend to prioritise the physical functionality of the afflicted individuals throughout the treatment and rehabilitation process, often neglecting the emotional experiences and requirements of these children as they transition into posthospitalization phases.

Aim

To advance the subjective experiences and perceptions of children with TCS upon reintegration into their families, educational institutions and wider societal contexts subsequent to their discharge from medical facilities.

Methods

The study was conducted at the Children's Hospital in Zhejiang. Twelve children aged 8–15 with TCS were included in the study. The research design used an interpretative qualitative approach, utilising semi‐structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Data analysis was performed using reflexive thematic analysis, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of emerging themes and patterns.

Results

Four major themes (and seven subthemes) were identified from the findings: (1) growing pains (a shameful secret, distance between ideal and reality); (2) inappropriate expressions of familial affection (knowing is not understanding, unspeakable guilt); (3) social estrangement (uncomfortable distinctions, familiar stranger) and (4) striving for independence and consistency.

Conclusions

Children affected by TCS exhibit internal sensitivity and challenges in self‐development, family dynamics and social interactions. They aspire to attain a future characterised by independence and freedom, akin to that of their typically developing peers. These findings can help health professionals, families and educators gain a deeper understanding of what it takes to be a child with TCS, and the findings can also serve as a platform for interventions that seek to promote self‐expression in these children so that they can experience life as a meaningful and positive process.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study received support from children with TCS and their guardians during data collection, as well as from the head nurse of the unit. Coresearchers also contributed to design, data collection, analysis and writing.
Barriers to HIV testing and possible interventions to improve access to HIV healthcare among migrants, with a focus on migrant women: Results from a European survey
Authors: Krankowska Dagny C. , Lourida Panagiota , Quirke Siobhan M. , Woode Owusu Melvina , Weis Nina ,   EACS/WAVE Migrant Women Working Group
Published: January 2024

Background

According to European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reports, women and migrants are more likely to have delayed HIV diagnosis (CD4 <350 cells/mm3). As a follow‐up to a previously published systematic review revealing a range of barriers to HIV testing among migrant women, the aim of the present study was to identify barriers to HIV testing from the perspective of service providers and to formulate possible interventions to improve access to HIV healthcare among migrants in Europe, with an emphasis on migrant women.

Methods

Between November 2021 and February 2022 an online survey, consisting of 20 questions, was forwarded to 178 stakeholders and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) working with migrant populations in 33 countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) European region.

Results

Forty‐three responses from 14 countries were analysed. Most respondents (70%) judged migrants’ access to healthcare as worse than that for the resident native population. Only 2/11 prevention interventions were available to all in at least 50% of participating countries. The three main barriers to accessing healthcare for migrant women and reasons for late HIV diagnosis among migrant women were stigma and discrimination, language barriers, and cultural barriers.

Conclusions

Many HIV prevention interventions are not free of charge for all within Europe. The results of this survey show that migrant women face many barriers to accessing healthcare and that these might contribute to late HIV diagnosis. Simplification of access to free healthcare for all, more awareness raising about HIV screening and prevention among migrant women, and more migrant‐focused outreach programmes are suggested to improve migrant women's access to HIV healthcare in Europe.
Factors associated with sex differences in viral non‐suppression in the Swedish InfCareHIV cohort: An observational real‐world study
Authors: Lindh Maria , Brännström Johanna , Reepalu Anton , Svedhem Veronica , Mellgren Åsa
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Women living with HIV are underrepresented in clinical trials assessing outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART), justifying the need for observational studies. We investigated differences in viral non‐suppression between women and men in the Swedish InfCareHIV cohort and analysed results in relation to biological and socio‐demographic variables and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

The study included people living with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥18 years, who initiated ART at least 6 months prior to inclusion. Data from the InfCareHIV registry 2011–2018 were collected. Associations between variables and HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL were investigated in uni‐ and multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations, providing relative risks (RRs) as effect size.

Results

The study included 38% (n = 2981) women. Women were more likely to have HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL than were men [RR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.31]. After adjusting for origin and route of transmission, sex at birth was no longer associated with viral non‐suppression. PROMs were available in 52.4% of PLWH, and items associated with viral non‐suppression were impaired adherence in women (RR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.79–3.17) and men (RR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.40–2.42), and experience of side effects in women (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.02).

Conclusions

This observational study found a 20% higher relative risk of viral non‐suppression in women than in men and the difference was associated with socio‐demographic factors. The associations between PROMs and viral non‐suppression varied between women and men. PROMs are important health outcomes that may identify PLWH in need of support to achieve viral non‐suppression.
Scalp microbiome composition changes and pathway evaluations due to effective treatment with Piroctone Olamine shampoo
Authors: Hu Ping , Henry Jim , Tiesman Jay P. , Parlov Mirjana , Bacon Rob , Charbonneau Duane , Venkataraman Arvind , Locker Kathryn C. S. , Krigbaum Holly , Schwartz Jim
Published: January 2024

Objective

To characterize the scalp microbial composition, function, and connection to dandruff severity using a metagenomics approach and to understand the impact of a Piroctone Olamine containing anti‐dandruff shampoo on the scalp microbiome.

Methods

Shotgun metagenomics was used to characterize the composition of the scalp microbiomes from 94 subjects with and without clinically defined dandruff. Furthermore, the microbiome of the scalps of 100 dandruff sufferers before and after 3 weeks of treatment with either control or anti‐dandruff shampoo containing 0.5% Piroctone Olamine (PO) was characterized and compared to identify microorganisms associated with the dandruff condition and the associated pathways and processes that may contribute to PO's effect on scalp microbiome.

Results

A higher relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and Staphylococcus capitis and a lower abundance of Cutibacterium acnes were associated with the dandruff scalps relative to the no‐dandruff scalps. A 3‐week PO shampoo treatment reduced the relative abundance of Malassezia species and Staphylococcus capitis and increased the relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes. This change to the scalp microbiome composition is consistent with a return to a healthy no‐dandruff microbiome and improved clinical signs and symptoms as measured by adherent scalp flaking score (ASFS) compared with the control shampoo. Functional genomics analysis showed that the PO shampoo treatment reduced oxidative stress‐associated genes and decreased the abundance of protease, urease, and lipase genes. These changes correlated positively to improvements in dandruff severity. PO treatment favourably shifted scalp microbiomes in dandruff subjects toward the no‐dandruff state.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that part of the aetiology of dandruff can be attributed to dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome. PO treatment can restore a healthier microbiome, reducing oxidative stress and promoting better scalp health.
Mild but effective skin cleansing—Evaluation of laureth‐23 as a primary surfactant
Authors: Dick Anja , Stolz Hermann Josef , Sonsmann Flora Karla
Published: January 2024

Objective

Skin cleansing products are among the main reasons for the development of hand eczema. Therefore, a mild but effective skin cleansing product is of particular interest, especially in the work place, where various contaminations frequently have to be removed from hands.

Methods

In this study, the potential of laureth‐23 as a primary surfactant was evaluated and compared to other fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO). Also, different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations were compared to each other. Therefore, transepidermal water loss, erythema and visual scoring were measured after occlusive patch testing in 24 healthy subjects (aged 18–55). Afterwards, the results were ranked from low to high irritant potential and an irritation score was calculated. Furthermore, the cleaning performance was tested using an automated cleansing device in 10 healthy subjects (aged 18–55).

Results

The results confirmed the low irritant potential of laureth‐23 and blends thereof. Within the different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations, the combination of laureth‐23 with a mild amphoteric and a mild anionic surfactant was superior to other laureth‐23 surfactant combinations like laureth‐23/anionic/anionic regarding skin compatibility as well as cleaning performance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, laureth‐23 showed very good performance as a primary surfactant. Especially, the combination of laureth‐23, cocamidopropyl betaine and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate was mild to the skin while also showing good cleansing performance.
Early recovery of urinary continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy is associated with membranous urethra and neurovascular bundle preservation
Authors: Ando Satoshi , Sugihara Toru , Hinotsu Shiro , Kishino Hiroto , Hirata Daichi , Watanabe Risako , Yanase Atsushi , Yokoyama Hirotaka , Hoshina Hayato , Endo Kaori , Kamei Jun , Takaoka Eiichiro , Fujimura Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We investigated the correlation between surgical outcomes and postoperative urinary continence recovery in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods

Patients who underwent RARP in our institution (n = 195) were included in this study. Preserved urethral length (PUL) was assessed during the procedure. Other outcomes of the surgical procedure were collected from operative records. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log‐rank test was used to compare urinary continence recovery rate with the PUL, sparing of the neurovascular bundle (NVB), and other surgical procedures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model, and p‐values of <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Patients with a PUL ≥26 mm had 10.0%, 24.7%, 36.6%, and 89.0% continence recovery rates at 30, 60, 90, and 365 days after surgery, respectively, while patients with a PUL <26 mm had 0%, 17.8%, 26.1%, and 80.9% recovery rates, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significantly better postoperative urinary continence recovery at 30 days after RARP in patients with a PUL ≥26 mm than those with a PUL <26 mm (p = 0.0028) and in patients with NVB preservation than those with no NVB preservation (p = 0.014). Urinary continence recovery within 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery was 90.6% for patients with a PUL of ≥26 mm and NVB preservation, while only 82.3% for patients with a PUL of <26 mm or no NVB preservation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a PUL ≥26 mm and NVB preservation after RARP correlate with a significantly higher postoperative rate of recovery of urinary continence.
The deployment of advanced practice nurses in the French health system: From clinics to professional networks
Authors: De Rosis Carolina , Duconget Lisa , Jovic Ljiljana , Bourmaud Aurélie , Dumas Agnès
Published: January 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of the role deployment of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in French healthcare settings.

Introduction

The introduction of APNs was formalised in France by the decrees issued on 18 July 2018, which described the areas, activities and training of APNs.

Background

A qualitative study on the role implementation of APNs was conducted between July 2021 and May 2022 following a call for projects launched by the Île‐de‐France Regional Health Agency to evaluate the deployment of APNs in the area.

Methods

Data were collected through field observations and semi‐structured interviews in order to explore both the APNs deployment processes in nine healthcare structures and the roles played by APN networks and associations with regard to the deployment of APN activities in their working environments.

Results

The projects proved to be evolutionary, and their development was marked by various forms of APN isolation and multiple obstacles that were specific to their professional practice settings. Some APNs relied on a variety of forms of mutual assistance and advocacy deployed throughout APN networks and associations.

Discussion

The deployment of APNs' role was impacted by diverse configurations of professional power relations and the nature of the obstacles that were structural for APNs in primary care. Their experience of isolation derived from the novelty of their role, the challenge they posed to the cohesion of the nursing profession and a lack of supportive policies for their deployment. Their participation in APN networks and associations enabled them to access advocacy and manage the uncertainties and unknowns related to the deployment of their activities.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the formalisation of schemes for mutual assistance among APNs and advocacy should be integrated into the guidelines for the implementation of their role.

Implications for nursing policy

APN policy should strengthen a bottom‐up approach, relying in particular on the development of different forms of collaboration and communication between APN networks and associations on the one hand and the public authorities on the other.