bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEMUDAHAN, KEPERCAYAAN DAN PERSEPSI AKAN RESIKO MENGGUNAKAN E-COMMERCE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ONLINE (Survey Pada Konsumen Lazada.co.id)
Authors: Usvita Mega
Published: November 2021

This study was intended to see how the effect of easiness, trustworthiness and perception on the risk of using e-commerce toward online purchasing decision (survey on consumer lazada.co.id). The populations in this study were all people who have visited the site Lazada.co.id with sample of 100 people, the sampling techniques using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique where the method of determination of the samples based on certain criteria. The results of this study, easiness variable (X1), trustworthiness (X2), the perception of risk (X3) gave positive and significant impact on online purchase decision (Y) with a significant level of 0.000. The amount influence of convenience (X1), trust (X2), the perception of risk (X3) toward online purchase decision (Y) is 0.314 (R2 = 31.4%).

Keywords: Convenience, Trustworthiness, Perception of Risk, Purchase Decision
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Endarwita Endarwita
Published: November 2021

This study was intended to see how the influence of Training and WorkMotivation toward Employee Job Performance at Bappeda in West Pasaman. The population in this study were all employees at Bappeda in West Pasaman with sample of 53 people, where sampling techniques using saturated sampling. From the result of this study, the training variables (X1) and work motivation (X2) significantly affected the performance (Y) with a significant level of 0.000. The magnitude of the effect of training (X1) and work motivation (X2) on the Performance (Y) is 0.573 (R2 = 57.3).

Keywords: Training, Work Motivation, Performance
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN LOKASI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEPEDA MOTOR MEREK HONDA
Authors: Mantauv Citra Suci
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Promotion and Locations of purchasing decisions. The sample used in this research is 100 people. Sampling in this research is based on convenience sampling technique. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression. With the constant value (α) is 8.418 while the value of Promotion coefficient 0.367 and the locataion of 0.432. Based on the results of data analysis with multiple linear regression known that the R-squre value of 0.773. Test f shows the two variables indenpenden have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN DAN KEPUASAN TERHADAP LOYALIATAS MAHASISWA DI SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI (STIE) PASAMAN KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Putra Eko
Published: November 2021

Students with high loyalty are the assets of Higher Education because they will provide positive recommendations and encourage friends, relatives and other communities to make choices and use the education services they have experienced. The purpose of this research is (1) To know how influence of trust toward student loyalty in STIE Pasaman, (2) to know how influence of satisfaction to student loyalty in STIE Pasaman, (3) To know how the influence of trust and satisfaction on student loyalty in STIE Pasaman. Sampling is used Probability Sampling by using slovin formula, where the sample amount is 85 people. The result of multiple linear regression analysis can be interpreted that the variable of trust, and satisfaction have positive and significant effect on loyalty because it has significant value less than α = 0,05. Based on the joint influence between the trust, and satisfaction on the loyalty of STIE Pasaman students is 59.3% (R2 = 0.610). Means 39% influenced by other variables not included in this study.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA PADA BADAN ASET DAN PENDAPATAN DAERAH KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Putra Endang Tirtana
Published: November 2021

This research is intended to see how the impact of Training and Competence on Job Performance at the Regional Assets and Income of Pasaman Barat Regency. Population and sample in this research is all employees of Agency of Asset and Revenue of Regency of Pasaman Barat with number 77 peoples. Sampling technique using total sampling technique. From the results of this study got the variables Training (X1) and Competence (X2) have a significant effect on Job Performance (Y) with a significant level of 0.000. The magnitude of the effect of Training (X1) and Competence (X2) on Job Performance (Y) is 0.641 (R2 = 64.1).
PENGARUH INSENTIF, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. SARI BUAH SAWIT KECAMATAN KINALI KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Wildan Wildan , Hamzah Nur
Published: November 2021

This study was condueted at PT. Sari Buah Sawit Kinali, west pasaman. incentive, work anvironment and job atitude on job performance. The populations of this study are all of the 99 emplayees of PT. SBS Kinali, west pasaman for the populations are less than 100, so the sampling tecknique used is cencus method which means that all 99 population becomes samples of the research. Data calleting is by questionare and documentation. Data analisis method is descriptive analys and multiplelinear regression by using SPSS 16.0 for windows the result shows that there is on impacts of indipendent variable on dependent variable. indipendent variable simultaneorsly positive and significantly impact job performance with 34,424 of coeffisiont regresion value and 0,000 significant rate R² value shows 0,521% and the rest of 0,479% impacted by other variables which are not studied hare.

Keywords :Job Performance, Insentive, Work Environment, and Job At¬¬titude
Investigating Critical Risk Factors of Liver Cancer with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Tao Yaling , Li Zhunan , Cai Ting
Published: November 2021

The crude incidence of liver cancer ranks top five among all cancers in China, and the death rate ranks the top two. Identifying critical risk factors of liver cancer helps people adjust their lifestyles to reduce cancer risk. Launched in 2012, Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Urban Cancer project has been carried out in major cities of China, which collected a broad range of epidemiological risk factors including definite, probable and possible causes of cancer. We retrieved data from 2014 to the present and obtained 184 liver cancer cases among 55 thousand people. We explored 84 risk factors and implemented liver cancer prediction model with machine learning algorithms, where deep neural network achieved the best performance using non-clinical information (mean AUC=0.73). We analyzed model parameters to investigate critical risk factors that contribute the most to prediction. Using 50% top-ranking risk factors to train a model, the performance showed no significant difference from that using all risk factors. Using top 10% risk factors induced a sensitivity drop and a lower false positive rate. These phenomena prove that the identified risk factors are critical in liver cancer prediction. This work is a reference in public health research, and provides a scientific lifestyle guideline for individuals to prevent liver cancer based on machine learning technology.
Analisis Wacana Kritis Pada Media Massa Daring (Online) Bantennews.co.id Kolom Hukum Edisi Februari 2021
Authors: Yusyama Asep Yana , Khoirunnisa Ratna
Published: November 2021

News in the mass media column has changed the paradigm of society since long time ago. As the times progress, the mass media are also increasingly progressive and dynamic in reporting. Currently, there are many news media in the form of online which is indeed a relatively fast reporting process compared to conventional mass media, especially when examined from a critical discourse point of view. The research question is "What is the description of the Fairclough model's analysis of representation, relation, and identity to the Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) of the online mass media online mass media bantennews.co.id edition, February 2021. The purpose of this research is to describe the analysis of representations, relations, and the identity of the Fairclough model of Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) in the online daily law column of bantennews.co.id, February edition, 2021. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, the data collection technique used is documentation technique; As for the data analysis technique used was content review. The data source of this research is Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) in the online mass media law column bantennews.co.id February edition, 2021. Based on the results of the research, the news text of the bantennews.co.id daily law column contains a discourse on a condition of social phenomena that occurs in Our society is getting more and more various cases of crimes that occur. The motives are different, some have been carried out by suspects from recidivists, unemployed, to the State Civil Service (ASN). Victims who are oppressed in the text of discourse are ordinary people, women, to people who psychologically feel unacceptable in the midst of society.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Probing Promting terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Pelajaran Fisika dengan Materi Konsep Getaran Dan Gelombang Kelas X Jurusan Asisten Keperawatan SMK Negeri 11 Muaro Jambi
Authors: Febri Yan
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to know how the Effect of The Technique Probing to Students Learning Outcomes in Study Conception Wave and Vibration. This Research has been at class x Nursing Assistant Departmen SMKN 11 Muaro Jambi To get the data, the research took 24 students as a sample by using Purpsive Sampling technique, after that the class was divided into two group, i.e. experiments and control classes. The instrumentation of this research used an objective multiple choice test. This test was consisted of four options, and the result of this test had been tested through t- test statistic. The calculation of tcount was 2,10 and ttable was 1,99; and 0,05 on the significant level or tcount > ttable. The conclusion is Ha that explained there are any Effect of The Technique Probing to Students Learning Outcomes in Study Conception Wave and Vibration accepted or agreed. This indicated that Effect of The Technique Probing brings the significant influence to the learning output.
Pengaruh Tangibles, Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness dan Assurance Jasa Kesehatan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Pengguna BPJS pada Puskesmas Sungai Sariak Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Hasan Alfadila
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze: The Effect of Tangibles, Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness and Assurance on Patient Satisfaction. This type of research is descriptive and associative research. The population and sample of this study were all patients who came for treatment at Sungai Sariak Public Health Center in Padang Pariaman Regency who used BPJS as many as 96 people. The instrument used for the study was a closed questionnaire. Data analysis techniques are descriptive analysis and inductive analysis: classic assumption test, model feasibility test and path analysis test. The results showed that: 1) tangibles had a significant effect on patient satisfaction. 2) empathy has a significant effect on patient satisfaction. 3) reliability of patient satisfaction. 4) responsiveness has a significant effect on patient satisfaction. 5) assurance has a significant effect on patient satisfaction. It is recommended to Sungai Sariak Puskesmas Padang Pariaman Regency to provide quality services to all patients without any difference in social status so that patients do not feel any difference to go to the Sungai Sariak Puskesmas.
Analysis of Students’ Problems in Determining Adjective Clause of Report Text at Grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016
Authors: Silfia Efa , Riany Novi
Published: November 2021

One of them carries out important rule that is using adjective clauses especially who, which, when, and where. Based on the finding above, it can be seen that students who has understood what adjevtive clause is and how to find out in the report text. This research was aimed to find out students’ problems in determining adjective clause of report text at grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016. And to find out the causes of students’ problems in determining adjective clause of report text at grade XI of SMAN 2 Kerinci Academic Years 2015/2016. The method of this research was descriptive reserach. The sample of this research was class XI IA1 of SMAN 2 Kerinci. There were 28 students. The data were collected by using grammar test for quantitative data and using interview for qualitative data. The result of this research showed that the students at XI IA1 of SMAN 2 Kerinci were very good in determining adjective clause of report text. It indicated the mean of students’ score. It was 71.5 The researcher found that most of the students were able to determine adjective clauses of report text and few of them didn’t understand how to use them. It can be concluded that the students problems in determining adjective clauses of report text were no gotten by all students. It was concluded that the students’ problems in determining adjective clauses of report text was good. It is caused the students did not understand what their teacher had taught about tenses especially adjective clauses, they felt bored to study grammar.
Bagaimana Dukungan Keluarga dan Kepribadian Wirausaha Memiliki Niat Berwirausaha
Authors: Sari Nurmala , Sri Dwijayanti Novia
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh antara: (1) Dukungan keluarga terhadap niat berwirausaha, (2) Kepribadian Wirausaha terhadap niat berwirausaha, (3) Dukungan Keluarga dan Kepribadian Wirausaha terhadap Niat Berwirausaha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Ex-post Facto. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 117 mahasiswa dari Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (PIPS). Pengujian analisis menggunakan uji prasyarat analisis, uji asumsi regresi dan uji hipotesis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap niat berwirausaha (2) terdapat pengaruh kepribadian wirausaha terhadap niat berwirausaha (3) terdapat pengaruh dukungan keluarga dan kepribadian wirausaha secara bersama-sama terhadap niat berwirausaha. Hasil koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 71,5%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dukungan keluarga dan kepribadian wirausaha berpengaruh terhadap niat berwirausaha mahasiswa Jurusan PIPS Universitas Jambi.
Розробка мобільного Аndroid-додатку з застосуванням принципів Сlean Аrchitecture
Authors: Козуб Г.О. , Козуб Ю.Г. , Могильний Г.А. , Жуков А.В.
Published: November 2021

В роботі розглянуто існуючі методи розробки мобільного Android-додатку із застосуванням принципів CLean Architectureз метою оптимізації архітектури програмних продуктів на старті їх створення. Досліджено концептуальні підходи та принципи Clean Architecture, розглянуто можливість побудови Android-додатків згідно пошарової схеми, згідно з якою шари зв’язуються правилом залежності Dependency Rule. Для розробки Android-додатку “Lucky Days - Lunar Calendar” використаносередовищеAndroid Studioна базі вихідного коду продукту IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition та мови програмування Kotlin, яка працює поверх JVM та компілюється в JavaScript. Показано коди додаткудля потоку вводу-виведення, який демонструє використання співпрограми.Крім можливостей, що існують в IntelliJ IDEA, в Android Studio реалізовано нову уніфіковану підсистему складання, тестування і розгортання застосунків, яка базується на інструментарії Gradle і підтримує використання засобів безперервної інтеграції. Наведено описання інтерфейсу програми, наведено фрагменти кодів, що відповідають за найбільш важливі функції. До складу також включені пристосовані під особливості платформи Android розширені інструменти рефакторингу, перевірки сумісності з минулими випусками, виявлення проблем з продуктивністю, моніторингу споживання пам'яті та оцінки зручності використання. У редактор також додано режим швидкого внесення правок.Для спрощення проектування додатку використано бібліотеку Android Navigation з набору Jetpack та створено граф зв’язків між вікнами додатку. Для роботи мобільного додатку сформовано та запаковано у архів бази даних SQLite, а для організації комунікації між не пов’язаними частинами додатку реалізовано EventBus з набором функцій. Наведено приклади кодів Event-класів та State-класів, які використовуються у розробленому додатку. Запропоновану методику, що відповідає принципам Clean Architecture, а саме відокремлення бізнес-логіки від відображення елементів списку впроваджено для розробки Android-додатку.
Aikuiskasvatus on avain demokraattiseen kansalaisuuteen
Authors: Turunen Jorma
Published: November 2021

International Council for Adult Education (ICAE) 6. maailmankonferenssi ja yleiskokousOcho Rios, Jamaika 9.–12.8.2001
[Konferenssijulkaisu:
Creativity and Democratic Governance. Adult Learning: A Strategic Choice. Proceedings of the ICAE World Assembly (6th, Ocho Rios, Jamaica, August 9-12, 2001) = Creativite et Gouvernance Democratique. L'apprentissage des Adultes: Un Choix Strategique. Actes de la Assemblee Mondiale du CIEA (6th, Ocho Rios, Jamaique, 9 au 12 aout 2001) = Creatividad y Gobernabilidad Democratica. Educacion de Adultos: Una Eleccion Estrategica. Actas de la Asamblea Mundial del ICAE (6th, Ocho Rios, Jamaica, Agosto 9-12, 2001). ISBN 9780919971301]
APLIKASI RESTFULL PADA SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PARIWISATA KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Tinambunan Melvitasari , Sintaro Sanriomi
Published: November 2021

Android, Geographic Information Systems, RESTful, Web One of the mapping technologies widely used today is Geographic Information Systems. Geographic Information Systems (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS) is a mapping technology in the form of computer-based information systems, designed to work using data that has spatial information or spatial reference. Mapping technology is widely used to facilitate human work. In this research, Geographic Information System technology was used to support one of the business processes at the Bandar Lampung City Tourism Office. This system was built to assist related agencies in recording tourist sites. The system consists of a web-based system and Android-based applications that are connected using RESTful Web Service. The system is implemented using the PHP programming language with the help of CodeIgniter for web-based systems, and the Java programming language for Android-based applications. The method of developing the system used is the waterfall model method according to Rossa U.S. and Saladin (2014). Application design is based on Unified Modeling Language (UML), flowchart diagrams, and interface design. While the application used in the creation of the Android base system is Android Studio. The testing method used is the system's functional Black-Box. The results of black-box testing data show that the system runs as it should, the system is easy to understand by users, and can meet the functional needs of the system needed by the Bandar Lampung City Tourism Office
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI SIMULASI PENGECATAN KENDARAAN BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Yussandi Rian
Published: November 2021

Android is a mobile device on the operating system for mobile phones based on Linux, android provides an open platform for developers to create applications. Android-based application developers make applications so that they can be useful for the community ranging from game genre applications, education, entertainment and simulation applications that are very likely to be created and run on this android operating system. Simulation is the process of designing a matemastis or logical model of a real system, conducting experiments on models using computers to describe, explain and predict system behavior. For a simulation application company can be used as a medium of product promotion, while for smartphone users can help to channel the existing imagination into a real picture. The application of simulation applications many functions, one example of its application to two-wheeled motor vehicles. By utilizing android application and the growth of vehicle users that lead to the hobby of modification, it can be utilized by creating an android-based coloring simulation application to help modifiers and modification lovers in order to channel their imagination and make it easier to design colors as desired. Without having to bother using design software that requires special skills
PROGRAM LATIHAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI DALAM MENJAGA KESEHATAN DIMASA PANDEMI SMK KRIDAWISATA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Gumantan Aditya , Ahdan Syaiful , Sucipto Adi
Published: November 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan program latihan dan melakukan budaya hidup sehat pada siswa SMK Kridawisatsa Bandar Lampung.Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pelatihan bagi siswa-siswa aktif dalam extrakulikuler olahraga yang terdiri dari siswa aktif berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Untuk melihat tingkat kebugaran dalam setiap siswa dilakukan sebuh tes awal yang melibatkan keseluruhan siswa aktif pada ektrakulikuler olahraga. Setelah melakukan tes awal setiap siswa diberikan jadwal dan program latihan permasing-masing anak sehingga anak melakukan program latihan yang telh dibuat selama tiga bulan berikutkanya dengan kontrol oleh mentor dan pelatih yang disiapkan oleh tim pengabdian olahraga. Berdasarkan hasil tes awal memilki klasifikasi kebugaran dengan rata-rata sebesar 65 dan pada tes akhir dengan rata-rata sebesar 85 dengan begitu mendapatkan peningkatan kebugaran dan pengetahuan siswa terdadap kebugaran jasamni sehingga pengabdian ini dikategorikan program yang berjalan dengan baik dan efektif
Formation of Cytoplasmic Actin-Cofilin Rods is Triggered by Metabolic Stress and Changes in Cellular pH
Authors: Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen C. , Kurzbach Sophie , Kinali Arzu S. , Müller-Taubenberger Annette
Published: November 2021

Actin dynamics plays a crucial role in regulating essential cell functions and thereby is largely responsible to a considerable extent for cellular energy consumption. Certain pathological conditions in humans, like neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as variants of nemaline myopathy are associated with cytoskeletal abnormalities, so-called actin-cofilin rods. Actin-cofilin rods are aggregates consisting mainly of actin and cofilin, which are formed as a result of cellular stress and thereby help to ensure the survival of cells under unfavorable conditions. We have used Dictyostelium discoideum, an established model system for cytoskeletal research to study formation and principles of cytoplasmic actin rod assembly in response to energy depletion. Experimentally, depletion of ATP was provoked by addition of either sodium azide, dinitrophenol, or 2-deoxy-glucose, and the formation of rod assembly was recorded by live-cell imaging. Furthermore, we show that hyperosmotic shock induces actin-cofilin rods, and that a drop in the intracellular pH accompanies this condition. Our data reveal that acidification of the cytoplasm can induce the formation of actin-cofilin rods to varying degrees and suggest that a local reduction in cellular pH may be a cause for the formation of cytoplasmic rods. We hypothesize that local phase separation mechanistically triggers the assembly of actin-cofilin rods and thereby influences the material properties of actin structures.
Click Chemistry in Natural Product Modification
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Shuning , Zhao Songfeng , Wang Xuan , Liu Bo , Xu Hongtao
Published: November 2021

Click chemistry is perhaps the most powerful synthetic toolbox that can efficiently access the molecular diversity and unique functions of complex natural products up to now. It enables the ready synthesis of diverse sets of natural product derivatives either for the optimization of their drawbacks or for the construction of natural product-like drug screening libraries. This paper showcases the state-of-the-art development of click chemistry in natural product modification and summarizes the pharmacological activities of the active derivatives as well as the mechanism of action. The aim of this paper is to gain a deep understanding of the fruitful achievements and to provide perspectives, trends, and directions regarding further research in natural product medicinal chemistry.
The Blockade of Interleukin-2 During the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Reveals Its Dominant Regulatory Role
Authors: Nihei Jorge , Cardillo Fabiola , Mengel Jose
Published: November 2021

Trypanosoma cruziinfection causes Chagas’ disease in humans. The infection activates the innate and adaptative immunity in an orchestrated immune response to control parasite growth, guaranteeing host survival. Despite an effective immune response to the parasite in the acute phase, the infection progresses to a chronic stage. The parasite infects different tissues such as peripheral neurons, the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart muscle, among many others. It is evident now that tissue-specific immune responses may develop along with anti-parasite immunity. Therefore, mechanisms to regulate immunity and to ensure tissue-specific tolerance are operating during the infection. Studying those immunoregulatory mechanisms is fundamental to improve host protection or control inflammatory reactions that may lead to pathology. The role of IL-2 duringT. cruziinfection is not established. IL-2 production by T cells is strongly down-modulated early in the disease by unknown mechanisms and remains low during the chronic phase of the disease. IL-2 activates NK cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells and may be necessary to immunity development. Also, the expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells require IL-2. Thus, IL-2 may be a key cytokine involved in promoting or down-regulating immune responses, probably in a dose-dependent manner. This study blocked IL-2 during the acuteT. cruziinfection by using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The results show that parasitemia and mortality rate was lower in animals treated with anti-IL-2. The percentages and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells diminished within three weeks of infection. The numbers of splenic activated/memory CD4 and CD8 splenic T cells increased during the acute infection. T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 also augmented in anti-IL-2-treated infected mice. The IL-2 blockade also increased the numbers of inflammatory cells in the heart and skeletal muscles and the amount of IL-17 produced by heart T cells. These results suggest that IL-2 might be involved in the immune regulatory response during the acuteT. cruziinfection, dampening T cell activation through the expansion/maintenance of regulatory T cells and regulating IL-17 production. Therefore, the IL-2 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic purposes in acute and chronic phases of Chagas’ disease.
Gender-Related Differences in Chest Pain Syndromes in the Frontiers in CV Medicine Special Issue: Sex & Gender in CV Medicine
Authors: Mehta Puja K. , Wei Janet , Shufelt Chrisandra , Quesada Odayme , Shaw Leslee , Bairey Merz C. Noel
Published: November 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among both women and men, yet women continue to have delays in diagnosis and treatment. The lack of recognition of sex-specific biological and socio-cultural gender-related differences in chest pain presentation of CAD may, in part, explain these disparities. Sex and gender differences in pain mechanisms including psychological susceptibility, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, and visceral innervation likely contribute to chest pain differences. CAD risk scores and typical/atypical angina characterization no longer appear relevant and should not be used in women and men. Women more often have ischemia with no obstructive CAD (INOCA) and myocardial infarction, contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic equipoise. Existing knowledge demonstrates that chest pain often does not relate to obstructive CAD, suggesting a more thoughtful approach to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical therapy for chest pain in stable obstructive CAD. Emerging knowledge regarding the central and ANS and visceral pain processing in patients with and without angina offers explanatory mechanisms for chest pain and should be investigated with interdisciplinary teams of cardiologists, neuroscientists, bio-behavioral experts, and pain specialists. Improved understanding of sex and gender differences in chest pain, including biological pathways as well as sociocultural contributions, is needed to improve clinical care in both women and men.
Thrust Faults Promoted Hydrocarbon Leakage at the Compressional Zone of Fine-Grained Mass-Transport Deposits
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Xie Xinong , Wu Shiguo , Yin Guorui
Published: November 2021

Fine-grained mass-transport deposits (MTDs), especially their compressional toe zones, are traditionally considered as effective seal in constraining the vertical fluid migration underneath. However, this study documents thrust faults at the compressional toe zone of fine-grained MTDs that could disaggregate the seal competence and promote vertical fluid flow. The investigated MTD referred to as MTD-a lies directly over a large hydrocarbon reservoir that is located within the Central Canyon of northern South China Sea, which is examined by using high-resolution 3D seismic and borehole data. Thrust faults and irregular blocks composed of coarse-grained sandstones are observed in the compressional zone of the MTD-a’s toe. More importantly, seismic evidence (e.g., enhanced seismic reflections) suggests that a large amount of hydrocarbons from the underlying reservoir penetrated through the MTD-a along these thrust faults and charged into the coarse-grained sandstone blocks. This clear evidence of thrust faults compromising the MTD’s seal effectiveness and thus facilitating the vertical fluid flow through the non-permeable strata demonstrate the importance of reassessing the seal capacity of MTD.
Two-phased Mass Rarity and Extinction in Land Plants During the End-Triassic Climate Crisis
Authors: Lindström Sofie
Published: November 2021

Greenhouse gas emissions from large-scale volcanism in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province is considered to have caused the end-Triassic mass extinction (201.5 million years ago), but the impact on land plants has been debated. Here, abundance changes in spores and pollen record the devastating effects this volcanic induced climate crisis had on coastal and near-coastal lowland mire vegetation around the European epicontinental sea and the European Tethys margin. Combined stress from rising air temperatures and changing climate at the onset of the crisis was exacerbated by a rapidly rising sea-level resulting in fragmentation and destruction of coastal and near-coastal lowland mire habitats, causing mass rarity and extinctions primarily in gymnosperm trees and shrubs adapted to these environments. The devastation of these habitats was further amplified by a subsequent sea-level fall leaving pioneering opportunists and herbaceous survivors to colonize disturbed areas in an environment stressed by increased wildfire activity and enhanced soil erosion. The pioneering flora was severely decimated in a second mass rarity phase and ultimately extirpated. The second mass rarity phase occurred just prior to and at the onset of a prominent negative excursion in δ13Corg. A subsequent sea-level rise appears to have restored some of the near-coastal mire habitats allowing some of the plants to recover. The supraregional mass rarity during the end-Triassic crisis affected both previously dominant as well as rare plants and this resonates with ongoing and future climate change and attests to the vulnerability of coastal and lowland vegetation, especially rare plant species, to climatic and environmental disturbances, where rising sea-level threatens entire ecosystems.
Evolution of Subduction Cusps From the Perspective of Trench Migration and Slab Morphology
Authors: Zhao Hui , Shen Xiaobing , Leng Wei
Published: November 2021

The geometries of trenches vary worldwide due to continuous plate boundary reorganization. When two trenches intersect to generate a corner, a subduction cusp is formed. Although subduction cusps are frequently observed throughout historical plate movement reconstructions, few studies have been conducted to explore the controlling factors of trench migration and slab morphology along subduction cusps. Here, we use a 3-D dynamic subduction model to explore the influence of the overriding plate strength, initial slab-pull force, and initial cusp angle on the evolution of subduction cusps. Our numerical model results suggest the following: 1) subduction cusps have a tendency to become smooth and disappear during the subduction process; 2) the slab dip angle is smallest in the diagonal direction of the subduction cusp, and a larger cuspate corner angle leads to a larger slab dip angle; 3) the asymmetric distribution of the overriding plate strength and initial slab-pull force determine the asymmetric evolutionary pathway of subduction cusps. Our results provide new insights for reconstructing the evolution of subduction cusps from seismological and geological observations.
Sexual Reproduction in Dinoflagellates—The Case of Noctiluca scintillans and Its Ecological Implications
Authors: Lee Jeffery Liang-Neng , Chiang Kuo-Ping , Tsai Sheng-Fang
Published: November 2021

Noctiluca scintillans is a larger, bioluminescent red-tide dinoflagellate (400–1,000 μm in diameter) that reproduces by sexual or asexual reproduction (binary fission). The process of sexual reproduction in N. scintillans has been thoroughly studied, but the ecological role and the mechanism of shifting from asexual to sexual reproduction have not been fully elucidated. It is believed, however, that sexual reproduction occurs when N. scintillans faces environmental stress. In this study, we tried to determine which factors drive N. scintillans to undergo sexual reproduction and we considered sexual reproduction’s ecological role. We cultured N. scintillans under different conditions of temperature, N. scintillans cell concentration, prey concentration, cultivation time, cultivation volume, light exposure time and physical vibration (simulated wave motion), and counted gametocyte mother cells every 24 h to calculate how the sexual reproduction rate changed over the experimental period. Rises in the sexual reproduction rate or the concentration of gametocyte mother cells only occurred in response to large variations in prey concentration, typically after the exponential phase of N. scintillans population growth. A noticeable upsurge in gametocyte mother cells, from 1% or less to nearly 10% of the total N. scintillans population, occurred when the prey concentration fell below ∼400 cells/mL. This implies that a sudden decrease in prey concentration induces more N. scintillans to shift from trophonts to gametocyte mother cells. We suggest that sexual reproduction may occur in N. scintillans as a response to the post-bloom situation when the dinoflagellate’s food supply has been dramatically depleted, producing large numbers of gametes for an alternative mode of survival after the end of each bloom.
How and to What Degree Does Physical Structure Differ Between Natural and Artificial Habitats? A Multi-Scale Assessment in Marine Intertidal Systems
Authors: Grasselli Ferrante , Airoldi Laura
Published: November 2021

Marine infrastructures are increasing, generating a variety of impacts and introducing artificial habitats which have low ecological value and support assemblages that differ significantly from those on natural rocky coasts. While in the past there was little ecological consideration as to how artificial structures were built, now the trend is to look for “greener” designs inspired by or mimicking nature. These greening efforts have had a strong focus on enhancing physical habitat structure to support more diverse assemblages, driven by the untested assumption that artificial habitats lack the physical structure proper to natural habitats. We tested this assumption by comparing five descriptors of physical structure (inclination; exposure; roughness; abundance, and diversity of surface morphological microelements) across a combination of natural and artificial habitats of regular and irregular morphologies (seawalls = artificial regular; cliffs = natural regular; breakwaters = artificial, irregular; and boulder fields = natural irregular) in the North Adriatic Sea. Most structural descriptors were similar between artificial and natural habitats. Only inclination was consistently steeper in the artificial than in the natural habitats. Other minor differences in roughness or in the abundance of some surface microelements were related to the general morphology (regular or irregular) of the habitat rather than to its artificial or natural identity. The outcomes challenge the widespread assumption that artificial habitats lack the physical structure proper to natural habitats and stimulate renewed consideration about other structural and non-structural elements that could enhance the performance and sustainability of artificial marine structures, such as construction material, environmental setting or maintenance. They also encourage a wider reflection about what makes an artificial building surface “greener”: structural complexity is an important ecological parameter, and its deliberate increase will lead to responses in the biota, however, this may not necessarily match “more natural” conditions.
Chest-Related Imaging Investigations During Multiple Waves of COVID-19 Infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Kei Shing , Vardhanabhuti Varut
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption to healthcare worldwide. In this study, we aim to quantify its impact of chest related radiological procedures over the different waves of local infection in Hong Kong across the territory's public hospitals.

Methods: This was an observational study enrolling patients between January 2017 and December 2020. Consecutive population-based chest radiographs, CT, US, and interventional radiology (IR) procedures were obtained public hospitals across Hong Kong.

Results: A significant reduction of 10.0% (p < 0.001) in the total number of chest radiographs was observed. Non-significant reduction of 2.5% (p = 0.0989), 39.1% (p = 0.2135), and 1.9% (p = 0.8446) was observed for Chest CT, Chest US, and Chest IR procedures, respectively, in 2020 compared to the projected values.

Conclusion: Although, it was anticipated that there would be a significant impact to health services caused by the pandemic, for chest-related investigations in Hong Kong, the impact was not as severe. Quantitative analysis could help with future planning and public health decision making.
Arterial-Arteriolar Sclerosis Is Independently Associated With Poor Renal Outcome in IgA Nephropathy Patients
Authors: Dong Lingqiu , Tan Jiaxing , Li Fangming , Wang Siqing , Jiang Zheng , Qin Aiya , Zhong Zhengxia , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Tang Yi , Qin Wei
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with arterial-arteriolar sclerosis (AS).

Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven IgAN from the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively enrolled. Clinicopathological features were collected. Patients were categorized based on the presence and the severity of the AS. All the patients were regularly followed-up until a composite end point. The correlation between AS and prognosis of IgAN was assessed.

Results: A total of 1,424 patients were recruited and followed for 60.0 ± 28.7 months. Patients with AS tended to have older age, higher blood pressure, heavier proteinuria, higher serum creatinine, uric acid, and total triglyceride (TG). Meanwhile, they were more likely to have a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, and albumin. At the end of follow-up, 126 patients in the AS group and 47 patients in the non-AS group had reached the composite end point (p < 0.001). AS was associated with the renal outcome (log-rank p < 0.001) and was an independent risk factor for the progression of IgAN (p = 0.049). The severity of AS was associated with renal outcomes (log-rank p < 0.001) and there was a trend that it might serve as an independent risk marker for progression of IgAN. In the subgroup analysis, patients presenting with AS and lower eGFR, albumin, and hemoglobin or higher proteinuria, uric acid, and TG had a significant trend for a shorter time to reach the end point (log-rank p < 0.001).

Conclusion: AS was commonly seen in patients with IgAN and was independently associated with the poor prognosis.
Trends in Non-invasive Prenatal Screening and Invasive Testing in Denmark (2000–2019) and Israel (2011–2019)
Authors: Sagi-Dain Lena , Singer Amihood , Petersen Olav B. , Lou Stina , Vogel Ida
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Following the wide distribution of non-invasive prenatal genetic screening (NIPS), numerous studies have reported a decline in total invasive tests in the recent years, up to 50–70% in some countries. However, in Denmark and Israel we have not experienced these declines. The objective of our study was to evaluate the trends in NIPS and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) use in Denmark and Israel.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed by data acquisition from the Danish Cytogenetics Central Registry throughout the years 2000–2019, and Israeli Public Health Services, Ministry of Health computerized database (from 2011).

Results: Of the 1,243,956 live births registered in Denmark over the years 2000–2019, a relatively steady level of invasive testing around 6% was noted since 2004, as opposed to 13.0% in Israel based on 1,594,962 live births between 2011 and 2019. The average uptake of NIPS was 1.1 ± 0.5% in Denmark vs. 4.3% in Israel (2013–2019). Relatively steady rates of invasive testing were noted in both countries, compared to a slight decline in NIPS in the recent years.

Discussion: The recent decrease in the rates of invasive testing in the NIPS era was not observed in Denmark or in Israel. These results imply that Danish and Israeli women and/or health providers might favor the high resolution and yield of CMA testing over the non-invasiveness of NIPS. We explore and discuss this phenomenon, based on five central factors.
Influence of Polysaccharides From Polygonatum kingianum on Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Quorum Sensing in Lactobacillus faecis
Authors: Yang Min , Meng Fanying , Gu Wen , Fu Lihui , Zhang Fan , Li Fengjiao , Tao Yating , Zhang Zhengyang , Wang Xi , Yang Xingxin , Li Jingping , Yu Jie
Published: November 2021

Polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients of Polygonatum kingianum, which has been proven to regulate the balance of gut microbiota. For the first time, this study focused on the regulation of polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum (PS) on Lactobacillus faecis, a specific probiotic in the intestinal tract. PS effectively promoted the biomass, biofilm and acetic acid production in L. faecis 2-84, and enhanced quorum sensing (QS) signaling. The characteristics of gene sequence were analyzed using genomics approaches, and L. faecis 2-84 was found to encode 18 genes that are closely related to QS and 10 genes related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, transcriptome and proteome analysis demonstrated that PS could promote the QS system of L. faecis by enhancing the transcription of oppA gene and expression of oppD protein. PS also regulated the production and metabolism of SCFAs of L. faecis by upregulating the expression of ldh and metE gene and adh2 protein, and downregulating the expression of mvK gene. In conclusion, it was speculated that PS could affect intestinal SCFAs production by affecting the QS system and SCFAs production in L. faecis. The present study implied that PS might have a role in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics, where the QS system and SCFAs might be two of the important mechanisms for the probiotic activity of PS.
Insights Into Mechanism of the Naphthalene-Enhanced Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by Pseudomonas sp. SL-6 Based on Omics Analysis
Authors: Cao Hao , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Shuangyan , Liu Jiading , Han Dongfei , Zhao Baisuo , Wang Haisheng
Published: November 2021

The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated environment is multifarious. At present, studies of metabolic regulation focus on the degradation process of single PAH. The global metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microorganisms facing coexisting PAHs are poorly understood, which is the major bottleneck for efficient bioremediation of PAHs pollution. Naphthalene (NAP) significantly enhanced the biodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE) by Pseudomonas sp. SL-6. To explore the underlying mechanism, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeled quantitative proteomics was used to characterize the differentially expressed proteins of SL-6 cultured with PHE or NAP + PHE as carbon source. Through joint analysis of proteome and genome, unique proteins were identified and quantified. The up-regulated proteins mainly concentrated in PAH catabolism, Transporters and Electron transfer carriers. In the process, the regulator NahR, activated by salicylate (intermediate of NAP-biodegradation), up-regulates degradation enzymes (NahABCDE and SalABCDEFGH), which enhances the biodegradation of PHE and accumulation of toxic intermediate–1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1H2Na); 1H2Na stimulates the expression of ABC transporter, which maintains intracellular physiological activity by excreting 1H2Na; the up-regulation of cytochrome C promotes the above process running smoothly. Salicylate works as a trigger that stimulates cell to respond globally. The conjecture was verified at transcriptional and metabolic levels. These new insights contribute to improving the overall understanding of PAHs-biodegradation processes under complex natural conditions, and promoting the application of microbial remediation technology for PAHs pollution.