bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Individuality to Imagined Global Citizenship
Authors: Semple Tara
Published: October 2022

Thus far we have understood the space of hipsterism within societal developments of the capitalist west, such as aesthetic capitalism and creativity, individualisation and tendencies such as Do What You Love in the New Spirit of Capitalism. The life course within hipsterism ultimately demonstrated the progression into more far reaching neoliberalism. We were able to map out hipsterism as a space shaped by some contradictions. One such contradiction is the respondents’ engagement in classic milieu formation and distinction, whilst showing that they find this very formation problematic and exclusive, but without effectively addressing it in everyday practice. Another contradiction is criticising modes of consumption, but engaging in very specific types of consumption as a distinctive feature of their milieu.
Moduli spaces of compact RCD(0,N)-structures
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Navarro Dimitri
Published: October 2022

The goal of the paper is to set the foundations and prove some topological results about moduli spaces of non-smooth metric measure structures with non-negative Ricci curvature in a synthetic sense (via optimal transport) on a compact topological space; more precisely, we study moduli spaces of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures. First, we relate the convergence of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures on a space to the associated lifts’ equivariant convergence on the universal cover. Then we construct the Albanese and soul maps, which reflect how structures on the universal cover split, and we prove their continuity. Finally, we construct examples of moduli spaces of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures that have non-trivial rational homotopy groups.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Touch Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section Biopsy and Their Comparison for Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bharath S. , Sharma Dhananjaya , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Shekhar Saket , Jha Chandan Kumar
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Evaluation of axillary lymph nodes after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer is mostly done by intra‐operative frozen section biopsy (FSB) and/ or touch imprint cytology (TIC). In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we have compared the accuracy of the two modalities.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched for articles comparing TIC with FSB. Articles were assessed for methodological and reporting quality. The main summary measures were pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, and diagnostic accuracy using bivariate generalized linear mixed models using random effects.

Results

Fourteen studies were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for FSB were 78%, 100%, and 98.57%. For TIC, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 74%, 98%, and 98.37%. For both methods, visual inspection of summary ROC curves and of forest plots did not show significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion

TIC showed comparable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to FSB and hence can be used as its substitute as a rapid and economical test for the detection of axillary lymph node metastasis during SLNB especially in low‐resource settings.
Multivariate copulas with given values at two arbitrary points
Authors: Klement Erich Peter , Kokol Bukovšek Damjana , Omladič Matjaž , Saminger-Platz Susanne , Stopar Nik
Published: October 2022

Copulas are functions that link an n-dimensional distribution function with its one-dimensional margins. In this contribution we show how n-variate copulas with given values at two arbitrary points can be constructed. Thereby, we also answer a so far open question whether lower and upper bounds for n-variate copulas with given value at a single arbitrary point are achieved. We also introduce and discuss the concept of an $$\mathbf{F}$$
F
-copula which is needed for proving our results.
Issues for patchy tissues: defining roles for gut-associated lymphoid tissue in neurodevelopment and disease
Authors: Abo-Shaban T. , Sharna S. S. , Hosie S. , Lee C. Y. Q. , Balasuriya G. K. , McKeown S. J. , Franks A. E. , Hill-Yardin E. L.
Published: October 2022

Individuals diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD; autism) often experience tissue inflammation as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet their underlying causes remain poorly characterised. Notably, the largest components of the body’s immune system, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), lie within the gastrointestinal tract. A major constituent of GALT in humans comprises secretory lymphoid aggregates known as Peyer’s patches that sense and combat constant exposure to pathogens and infectious agents. Essential to the functions of Peyer’s patches is its communication with the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intrinsic neural network that regulates gastrointestinal function. Crosstalk between these tissues contribute to the microbiota-gut-brain axis that altogether influences mood and behaviour. Increasing evidence further points to a critical role for this signalling axis in neurodevelopmental homeostasis and disease. Notably, while the neuroimmunomodulatory functions for Peyer’s patches are increasingly better understood, functions for tissues of analogous function, such as caecal patches, remain less well characterised. Here, we compare the structure, function and development of Peyer’s patches, as well as caecal and appendix patches in humans and model organisms including mice to highlight the roles for these essential tissues in health and disease. We propose that perturbations to GALT function may underlie inflammatory disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
Can drones save lives and money? An economic evaluation of airborne delivery of automated external defibrillators
Authors: Röper Johann W. A. , Fischer Katharina , Baumgarten Mina Carolina , Thies Karl Christian , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Fleßa Steffen
Published: October 2022

Background

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the most frequent causes of death in Europe. Emergency medical services often struggle to reach the patient in time, particularly in rural areas. To improve outcome, early defibrillation is required which significantly increases neurologically intact survival. Consequently, many countries place Automated External Defibrillators (AED) in accessible public locations. However, these stationary devices are frequently not available out of hours or too far away in emergencies. An innovative approach to mustering AED is the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), which deliver the device to the scene.

Methods

This paper evaluates the economic implications of stationary AED versus airborne delivery using scenario-based cost analysis. As an example, we focus on the rural district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Germany. Formulae are developed to calculate the cost of stationary and airborne AED networks. Scenarios include different catchment areas, delivery times and unit costs.

Results

UAS-based delivery of AEDs is more cost-efficient than maintaining traditional stationary networks. The results show that equipping cardiac arrest hot spots in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald with airborne AEDs with a response time < 4 min is an effective method to decrease the time to the first defibrillation The district of Vorpommern-Greifswald would require 45 airborne AEDs resulting in annual costs of at least 1,451,160 €.

Conclusion

In rural areas, implementing an UAS-based AED system is both more effective and cost-efficient than the conventional stationary solution. When regarding urban areas and hot spots of OHCA, complementing the airborne network with stationary AEDs is advisable.
Test of the FlashFREEZE unit in tissue samples freezing for biobanking purposes
Authors: Biskup Edyta , Schejbel Lone , de Oliveira Douglas Nogueira Perez , Høgdall Estrid
Published: October 2022

Availability of molecularly intact biospecimens is essential in genetic diagnostics to obtain credible results. Integrity of nucleic acids (particularly RNA) may be compromised at various steps of tissue handling, and affected by factors such as time to freeze, freezing technique and storing temperature. At the same time, freezing and storing of the biological material should be feasible and safe for the operator. Here, we compared quality of DNA and RNA from biospecimens derived from different organs (breast, colon, adrenal glands, testes, rectum and uterus) frozen either using dry ice-cooled isopentane or with FlashFREEZE unit, in order to verify if the latter is suitable for routine use in biobanking. Implementing FlashFREEZE device would enable us to limit the use of isopentane, which is potentially toxic and environmentally harmful, whilst facilitate standardization of sample freezing time. We considered factors such RNA and DNA yield and purity. Furthermore, RNA integrity and RNA/DNA performance in routine analyses, such as qPCR, next generation sequencing or microarray, were also assessed. Our results indicate that freezing of tissue samples either with FlashFREEZE unit or isopentane ensures biological material with comparable expression profiles and DNA mutation status, indicating that RNA and DNA of similar quality can be extracted from both. Therefore, our findings support the use of the FlashFREEZE device in routine use for biobanking purposes.
Implementation of Trauma-specific Interventions in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Palfrey Nicola , Ryan Rosie , Reay Rebecca E.
Published: October 2022

Exposure to childhood adversity is a prevalent and pressing issue due to its established links with poor physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. High rates of adversity have been found within young people attending mental health services, and the provision of trauma-informed care and trauma-specific therapies are therefore essential within these services. Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based intervention with established efficacy amongst traumatised children and youth. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-specific therapy (TF-CBT) when implemented in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). Given that most youth receive care in community settings, it is important to determine whether treatments tested under controlled conditions can apply in the real world of clinical practice. Specifically, this study aimed to quantify the number and type of adversities reported by clients receiving the intervention; investigate whether the intervention is associated with improvements in participants’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, general mental health symptoms and functioning; and report contact with CAMHS at 3 months and 2 years post-treatment. Results showed that CAMHS clients were more likely to have experienced multiple traumatic events than single events, with 100% of clients experiencing suicidal thoughts. Treatment was associated with significant improvements in PTSD symptom severity and improvements in general mental health symptoms. Many clients received ongoing mental health support at the 3-month and 2-year follow-ups, reflecting the complex nature of their issues and the need for support to maintain gains achieved during treatment.
A validation study on the factors affecting the practice modes of open peer review
Authors: He Ying , Tian Kun , Xu Xiaoran
Published: October 2022

In this paper we conduct a validation study on the factors affecting the practice modes of open peer review. Taking the Open Access Journals (OAJ) in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) as the research objects, we crawled the internet to gather their relevant data. Based on the method of categorical variable assignment, a quantitative analysis was performed on the qualitative factors that affect the practice modes of open peer review. A multi-dimensional analysis chart is used to illustrate the relationships between the factors. Optimal scale regression modeling and discriminant analysis were also employed to reveal the degrees of influences by the factors. The public categories of “type of open peer review” and “reviewer identity” are closely related to each other. “Reviewer identity” has evident positive influence on “type of open peer review”, and the degree of influence is the highest. Therefore, “reviewer identity” is the primary and most crucial factor affecting open peer review practice modes. “Review report” and “order of review report and publication” are the secondary ones. Whether or not the identities of review experts are open has become the most important factor affecting the practice modes of open peer review. Transparent peer review is currently the most effective practice mode of open peer review. Technologies like block chain can be used to address the psychological uneasiness for the peer review experts who are concerned with privacy issues. The fact that most OAJs use “pre-publication review” shows that open peer review still plays the traditional role of “academic goalkeeper”. Publication of peer review reports actually helps peer review experts augment their reputation, which in turn practically promotes the development of open peer review.
Files are mental particulars: a rejoinder to the relationist challenge
Authors: Tałasiewicz Mieszko
Published: October 2022

The paper is a rejoinder to a challenge against the particularist version of the mental files framework (MFF) posed by the relationist approach based on the notion of content coordination [such as recent attempt by Rachel Goodman and Aidan Gray in (Noûs https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12354 (2020)]. Relationists argue that important explanatory goals of MFF: (1) could be achieved without positing files as mental particulars, as there is a relationist notion of content coordination at hand that can be aptly used for “filing without files”; and (2) should be so achieved, as there are difficulties that afflict the particularist approach to MFF and the relationist account is simply better. However, both claims should be rejected. The particularist approach to MFF, properly interpreted, would not get into the troubles it is accused of generating. Indeed, it is the relationist approach that gets in trouble. Specifically, it lacks resources for explanation of nuances, which can be easily accounted for in terms of particularist interpretation, and, furthermore, it lowers the interdisciplinary standing of the whole framework. The particularist version is therefore better.
Influence of Hot Band Annealing on Cold-Rolled Microstructure and Recrystallization in AA 6016
Authors: Cantergiani Elisa , Weißensteiner Irmgard , Grasserbauer Jakob , Falkinger Georg , Pogatscher Stefan , Roters Franz
Published: October 2022

The influence of an intermediate heat treatment at the end of hot rolling and before cold rolling on Cube texture formation during the final solution annealing of AA 6016 is investigated. Three hot bands with different initial grain sizes and textures are considered: the first one without annealing before cold rolling, while the other two hot bands are heat treated at 540 °C for 1 hour in air before being cold rolled. One of the heat-treated hot bands was left to cool down in air and the other inside the furnace. Electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the cold-rolled specimens and crystal plasticity simulations show no difference in the amount of Cube remaining in the microstructure at the end of cold rolling for all three specimens. The initial grain size of the hot band has no influence on the Cube texture fraction left in the microstructure at the end of cold rolling for thickness reductions higher than 65 pct. Nevertheless, the grain size of the hot band affects the shape and distribution of the Cube grains left in the microstructure and the kernel average misorientation in the cold-rolled specimens. Moreover, the heat treatment decreases the intensity of the beta fiber components (Brass, Copper, and S) in the hot band and promotes the formation of a cold-rolled microstructure with a low kernel average misorientation. Both these factors lower the probability of preferential Cube nucleation during solution annealing and keep the Cube volume fraction after recrystallization below 10 pct, while it reaches 25 pct without intermediate annealing.
Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Some Egyptian Plant Extracts: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Elazab Sara T. , Arafa Fadwa M.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Toxoplasmosis is a globally widespread parasitic disease which causes major health problems in human and animals. This research was conducted to assess the effect of some Egyptian herbal extracts against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in vitro.

Methods

The methanol extracts of Withania somnifera, Cyper rotundus, Acacia nilotica,Chrysanthemum cinerariae folium, Anethum graveolens, Raphanus sativus, Ceratonia siliqua, Elettaria cardamomum and Cuminum cyminum were tested against T. gondii tachyzoites.

Results

Among the tested plants, the extracts from Raphanus sativus, Cuminum cyminum, and Ceratonia siliqua exhibited high anti-Toxoplasma activities at 50 µg/ml, relative to sulfadiazine. They showed low IC50 values on T. gondii (7.92, 9.47 and 13.52 µg/ml, respectively) and high selectivity index values (100.79, 59.19, and 29.05, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings indicated evident morphological changes in tachyzoites treated with these three herbal extracts.

Conclusion

Raphanus sativus, Ceratonia siliqua, and Cuminum cyminum methanol extracts could be promising sources of new medicament for toxoplasmosis.
Video labelling robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and the role of artificial intelligence (AI): training a novice
Authors: Cheikh Youssef Samy , Hachach-Haram Nadine , Aydin Abdullatif , Shah Taimur T. , Sapre Nikhil , Nair Rajesh , Rai Sonpreet , Dasgupta Prokar
Published: October 2022

Video labelling is the assigning of meaningful information to raw videos. With the evolution of artificial intelligence and its intended incorporation into the operating room, video datasets can be invaluable tools for education and the training of intelligent surgical workflow systems through computer vision. However, the process of manual labelling of video datasets can prove costly and time-consuming for already busy practising surgeons. Twenty-five robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) procedures were recorded on Proximie, an augmented reality platform, anonymised and access given to a novice, who was trained to develop the knowledge and skills needed to accurately segment a full-length RARP procedure on a video labelling platform. A labelled video was subsequently randomly selected for assessment of accuracy by four practising urologists. Of the 25 videos allocated, 17 were deemed suitable for labelling, and 8 were excluded on the basis of procedure length and video quality. The labelled video selected for assessment was graded for accuracy of temporal labelling, with an average score of 93.1%, and a range of 85.6–100%. The self-training of a novice in the accurate segmentation of a surgical video to the standard of a practising urologist is feasible and practical for the RARP procedure. The assigning of temporal labels on a video labelling platform was also studied and proved feasible throughout the study period.
Prediction and evaluation of high-risk patients with primary biliary cholangitis receiving ursodeoxycholic acid therapy: an early criterion
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Guo Guanya , Li Bo , Zheng Linhua , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Xiufang , Deng Juan , Jia Gui , Zhou Xia , Cui Lina , Guo Changcun , Zhou Xinmin , Leung Patrick S. C. , Gershwin M. Eric , Shang Yulong , Han Ying
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Current treatment guidelines recommend ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as the first-line treatment for new-diagnosed primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. However, up to 40% patients are insensitive to UDCA monotherapy, and evaluation of UDCA response at 12 months may result in long period of ineffective treatment. We aimed to develop a new criterion to reliably identify non-response patients much earlier.

Methods

Five hundred sixty-nine patients with an average of 59 months (Median: 53; IQR:32–79) follow-up periods were randomly divided into either the training (70%) or the validation cohort (30%). The efficiency of different combinations of total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) threshold values to predict outcomes was assessed at 1, 3 or 6 month after the initiation of UDCA therapy. The endpoints were defined as adverse outcomes, including liver-related death, liver transplantation and complications of cirrhosis. Adverse outcome-free survival was compared using various published criteria and a proposed new criterion.

Results

A new criterion of evaluating UDCA responses at 1 month was established as: ALP ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and AST ≤ 2 × ULN, and TBIL ≤ 1 × ULN (Xi’an criterion). The 5 year adverse outcome-free survival rate of UDCA responders, defined by Xi’an criterion, was 97%, which was significantly higher than that of those non-responders (64%). An accurate distinguishing high-risk patients’ capacity of Xi’an criterion was confirmed in both early and late-stage PBC.

Conclusions

Xi’an criterion has a similar or even higher ability to distinguish high-risk PBC patients than other published criteria. Xi’an criterion can facilitate early identification of patients requiring new therapeutic approaches.
Added prognostic value of molecular imaging parameters over proliferation index in typical lung carcinoid: an [18F]FDG PET/CT and SSTR imaging study
Authors: Linguanti Flavia , Abenavoli Elisabetta M. , Briganti Vittorio , Danti Ginevra , Lavacchi Daniele , Matteini Maria , Vaggelli Luca , Novelli Luca , Grosso Anna M. , Mungai Francesco , Mini Enrico , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Miele Vittorio , Sciagrà Roberto , Berti Valentina
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic meaning of volumetric and semi-quantitative parameters measured using [18F]FDG PET/CT and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging in patients with typical lung carcinoid (TC), and their relationship with proliferative index (Ki67).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients (38–94 years old, mean: 69.7) with diagnosis of TC who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT and/or SSTR scintigraphy/SPECT with [111In]DTPA-Octreotide plus contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) at staging evaluation. All patients had Ki67 measured and a follow-up (FU) of at least 1 year. SSTR density (SSTRd) was calculated as the percentage difference of tumor/non-tumor ratio at 4 and 24 h post-injection. At PET/CT, metabolic activity was measured using SUVmax and SUVratio; volumetric parameters included MTV and TLG of the primary tumor, measured using the threshold SUV41%. ROC analysis, discriminant analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves (KM) were performed.

Results

11 patients died during FU. Disease stage (localized versus advanced), SUVratio, SUVmax, Ki67, MTV and TLG were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. ROC curves resulted statistically significant for Ki67, SUVratio, SUVmax, MTV and TLG. On multivariate analysis, stage of disease and TLG were significant independent predictors of overall survival (OS). In KM curves, the combination of disease stage and TLG identified four groups with significantly different outcomes (p < 0.005). Metabolic activity (SUVmax and SUVratio) was confirmed as significant independent prognostic factor for OS also in patients with advanced disease, with the best AUC using SUVmax.

In patients with advanced and localized disease, SSTRd proved to be the best imaging prognostic factor for progression and for disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. In localized disease, SSTRd 31.5% identified two subgroups of patients with significant different DFS distribution and in advanced disease, a high cutoff value (58.5%) was a significant predictor of adverse prognosis.

Conclusion

Volumetric and semi-quantitative parameters measured using [18F]FDG PET/CT and SSTR imaging combined with Ki67 may provide a reference for prognosis evaluation of patients with TC, to better stratify risk groups with the goal of developing individualized therapeutic strategies.
Electrical properties of clathrate formed on the basis of a p-type semiconductor with 2D guest positions filled with ferroelectric and propolis
Authors: Maksymych Vitalii , Ivashchyshyn Fedir , Całus Dariusz , Pidluzhna Anna , Gała Marek , Chabecki Piotr
Published: October 2022

The paper presents findings on the characteristics of GaSe fourfold-expanded matrix with propolis and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), intercalated in between matrix layers. The nature of changes of impedance frequency behavior, electric loss tangent, and dielectric permittivity under normal conditions, when illumination is applied, and in a constant magnetic field of synthesized intercalate GaSe < NaNO2 > and bi-intercalate GaSe < NaNO2 + Propolis > has been identified. The extraordinary effects have been obtained, indicating that clathrate GaSe < NaNO2 > has immense values of photo- and magneto-capacitive effects while a current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of clathrate GaSe < NaNO2 + Propolis > exhibits the hysteresis behavior typical of memristor structures. The memory effect related to pseudo-capacitive charge accumulation has been found and shown to be due to oxidation–reduction reactions.
“I Just Wanted Support”: Examining how LDS Clergy May Effectively Minister to Sexual and Gender Minority Congregants
Authors: Skidmore Samuel J. , Lefevor G. Tyler , Perez-Figueroa Adlyn M. , Gonzalez Kirsten A.
Published: October 2022

This study explored why members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) who identify as sexual or gender minorities (SGM) speak with clergy regarding their SGM identities, as well as what LDS SGMs find helpful and unhelpful in these conversations. A sample of 25 current or former LDS SGMs participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported six overarching reasons for talking with clergy, including church procedures, seeking guidance, seeking emotional comfort, seeking repentance, seeking openness, and other people's initiation. Participants reported several ways clergy were helpful, including empathic listening, openness, and affirmative spiritual care. Participants further reported several ways clergy were unhelpful, including punishing, lacking empathic listening, having a limited worldview, and pathologizing. Clergy may benefit from understanding why LDS SGMs are speaking with them, and from utilizing helpful approaches such as empathic listening skills in their ministering efforts.
Anticandidal action of polyurethane foam: a new modifier with functionalized isothiouronium group
Authors: El-Zahed Mohamed M. , Kiwaan Hala A. , Farhat Asmaa A. M. , Moawed Elhossein A. , El-Sonbati Mervat A.
Published: October 2022

A novel sorbent of isothiouronium polyurethane foam, PUF-SC(NH2)2, was synthesized from low-cost raw materials (a commercial polyurethane foam). The prepared PUF-SC(NH2)2 was characterized with different tools, the infrared spectra and Boehm test demonstrated the presence of several active groups in the material matrices of PUF-SC(NH2)2. The diffraction analysis and images of the scanning electron microscope showed that the surface structure was amorphous, and Cu(II) salt crystals were embedded on its surface. The polyurethane foam, as a modifier, was applied to enhance antimicrobial activity, and its anticandidal action was studied against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231. Agar well-diffusion test showed a significantly biocidal action of PUF-SC(NH2)2. The anticandidal action was dependent on PUF-SC(NH2)2 dose, while the microbial inhibition increased with increases in PUF-SC(NH2)2 dose and the microbial growth stopped at 26 μg/mL. The PUF-SC(NH2)2-treated yeast was studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM micrographs showed severe morphological changes in the yeast cells including the disruption of the cell membrane structure and the appearance of large vacuoles as well as separation between cell membranes and cell walls. The results indicated that this green synergy of PUF-SC(NH2)2 may have a promising potential in antifungal therapy as an effective biomaterial and other biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract
Alcohol and breast cancer
Authors: Starek-Świechowicz Beata , Budziszewska Bogusława , Starek Andrzej
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women worldwide. In women, breast cancer includes over half of all tumours caused by alcohol. This paper discusses both ethanol metabolism and the mechanisms of mammary tumourigenesis caused by alcohol. Numerous signalling pathways in neoplastic transformation following alcohol consumption in women have been presented. In addition, primary and secondary prevention, phytochemicals, synthetic chemicals, specific inhibitors of enzymes and selective receptor modulators have been described.
Implementation of phase change material for cooling load reduction: a case study for Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Kamel Joseph Alfy , Mina Ehab Mouris , Elsabbagh Ahmed Moneeb
Published: October 2022

Integrating a phase change material (PCM) into building envelopes can reduce energy needs in the built environment, and the consequent greenhouse emissions. This research examines the impact of PCM integrated into a traditional wall in Egypt on peak and average cooling energy consumption. A MATLAB code based on the finite volume technique using the Crank-Nicolson method for discretization is implemented. Several benchmark cases and experimental results validate the code. The time-dependent boundary conditions of the cases examined were based on the irradiance and ambient temperatures measured in Cairo, Egypt. Simulations are performed on eight different PCMs, using their real published DSC curve. The study aims to investigate the performance of each PCM at different positions, thicknesses, and wall orientations. The calculations revealed that using the proper PCM type and the proper position could decrease the average by 38.14%, Also the peak heat flux could be decreased by 58.53%.
Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality and existence of the extremal functions with extended kernel
Authors: Liu Zhao
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the following Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality with extended kernel(0.1)\begin{equation} \int_{\mathbb{R}_+^{n}}\int_{\partial\mathbb{R}^{n}_+} \frac{x_n^{\beta}}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha}}f(y)g(x) {\rm d}y{\rm d}x\leq C_{n,\alpha,\beta,p}\|f\|_{L^{p}(\partial\mathbb{R}_+^{n})} \|g\|_{L^{q'}(\mathbb{R}_+^{n})}, \end{equation}for any nonnegative functions$f\in L^{p}(\partial \mathbb {R}_+^{n})$,$g\in L^{q'}(\mathbb {R}_+^{n})$and$p,\,\ q'\in (1,\,\infty )$,$\beta \geq 0$,$\alpha +\beta >1$such that$\frac {n-1}{n}\frac {1}{p}+\frac {1}{q'}-\frac {\alpha +\beta -1}{n}=1$.

We prove the existence of all extremal functions for(0.1). We show that if$f$and$g$are extremal functions for(0.1)then both of$f$and$g$are radially decreasing. Moreover, we apply the regularity lifting method to obtain the smoothness of extremal functions. Finally, we derive the sufficient and necessary condition of the existence of any nonnegative nontrivial solutions for the Euler–Lagrange equations by using Pohozaev identity.
Rate Effect on the Direct Shear Behavior of Granite Rock Bridges at Low to Subseismic Shear Rates
Authors: Luo Guangming , Qi Shengwen , Zheng Bowen
Published: October 2022

Natural faults are often heterogeneous with spatially variable cohesion caused by healing processes. Using rock bridges as laboratory analogs, we investigate how cohesion‐healed patches rupture at different shear rates. We performed direct shear experiments on granite rock bridges at shear rates from 1 μm/s to 10 mm/s (low to subseismic shear rates), and quantitatively characterized the failure surface morphology by integrating laser scanning with ArcGIS. The results show a notable dependence of both mechanical and morphological characteristics on shear rate. The failure mode transitions from tensile failure at low shear rates to shear failure at subseismic shear rates. At low shear rates, tensile failure forms curved coalescence patterns and undulating failure surfaces with significant roughness and morphological anisotropy. At subseismic shear rates, straighter shear‐formed coalescence patterns are observed. In addition, the peak shear strength, the roughness and morphological anisotropy increase with increasing shear rate within the subseismic rate regime. We explain the observed rate‐dependent behaviors by the energy and geometric features of micro‐cracking mechanisms. We suggest through the variations in 3D morphological parameters that rate effects should be incorporated into models of fault morphology. In addition, the failure surfaces at all shear rates are asymmetric, with asperities more inclined to the direction of the shear load. We find that this asymmetry results from both the fracture of rock bridges and the further shearing after failure, and it can be used to determine the sense of fault displacement.
Numerical Modeling of Gas Hydrate Recycling in Complex Media: Implications for Gas Migration Through Strongly Anisotropic Layers
Authors: Peiraviminaei A. , Gupta S. , Wohlmuth B.
Published: October 2022

Burial driven recycling is an important process in the natural gas hydrate (GH) systems worldwide, characterized by complex multiphysics interactions like gas migration through an evolving gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), competing gas‐water‐hydrate (i.e., fluid‐fluid‐solid) phase transitions, locally appearing and disappearing phases, and evolving sediment properties (e.g., permeability, reaction surface area, and capillary entry pressure). Such a recycling process is typically studied in homogeneous or layered sediments. However, there is mounting evidence that structural heterogeneity and anisotropy linked to normal and inclined fault systems or anomalous sediment layers have a strong impact on the GH dynamics. Here, we consider the impacts of such a structurally complex media on the recycling process. To capture the properties of the anomalous layers accurately, we introduce a fully mass conservative, high‐order, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element based numerical scheme. Moreover, to handle the rapidly switching thermodynamic phase states robustly, we cast the problem of phase transitions as a set of variational inequalities, and combine our DG discretization scheme with a semi‐smooth Newton solver. Here, we present our new simulator, and demonstrate using synthetic geological scenarios, (a) how the presence of an anomalous high‐permeability layer, like a fracture or brecciated sediment, can alter the recycling process through flow‐localization, and more importantly, (b) how an incorrect or incomplete approximation of the properties of such a layer can lead to large errors in the overall prediction of the recycling process.
On Constraining the Mesoscale Eddy Energy Dissipation Time‐Scale
Authors: Mak J. , Avdis A. , David T. , Lee H. S. , Na Y. , Wang Y. , Yan F. E.
Published: October 2022

A physically plausible lower bound on the spatially varying geostrophic mesoscale eddy energy dissipation time‐scale within the ocean, related to the geographical energy transfer rate out of the geostrophic mesoscales, is provided by means of a simple and computational inexpensive inverse calculation. Data diagnosed from a high resolution global configuration ocean simulation is supplied to a parameterized model of the geostrophic mesoscale eddy energy, from which the dissipation time‐scale results as a solution to an optimization calculation. We find that the dissipation time‐scale is shortest in the Southern Ocean, in the Western Boundary Currents, and on the western boundaries, consistent with the expectation that these regions are notable sites of baroclinic activity with processes leading to energy transfer out of the geostrophic mesoscales. Although our solution should be interpreted as a lower bound given the assumptions going into the calculation, it serves as an important physically consistent base line reference for further investigations into ocean energetics, as well as for an intended inference calculation that is more complete but also much more complex.
Pesticide data program: 30 years of food residue data and trends
Authors: Pappas Chris , Foos Brenda
Published: October 2022

The USDA’s Pesticide Data Program (PDP) celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2021 and is one of the world’s largest monitoring programs for pesticide residues. The PDP database contains over 42 million data points for a pesticide paired to a commodity that have resulted from the analysis of nearly 310,000 food samples of 126 different commodities. Over the decades of the program, sampling methods and infrastructure, major milestones, developments, and accomplishments have unfolded. Comparisons of data for four commodities that were in the program early on illustrate that over time pesticide residues on foods change, particularly when new pesticides are registered, and updated data, such as those provided by PDP, are key for exposure and risk assessment.
Adherence to and impact of home-based high-intensity IMT in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study
Authors: Palermo Anne E. , Nash Mark S. , Kirk-Sanchez Neva J. , Cahalin Lawrence P.
Published: October 2022

Study design

The pilot study was completed in 5 phases (Control and 4 phases of IMT) incorporating assessments at Baseline 1 (BL1), BL2, Follow-up 1 (F1), F2, F3, and F4.

Objective

To assess the adherence and impact of a daily high-intensity (80% of max) inspiratory muscle training (IMT) home program with once weekly supervision for people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting

Assessments: research institution or zoom. IMT: participant’s home.

Methods

Participants completed daily IMT in IMT Phase 1 and 2, once weekly in IMT Phase 3, self-selected frequency in IMT Phase 4. All phases had one weekly supervised session except IMT Phase 4. Primary outcomes included adherence and a difficulty score [DS (0- not difficult to 10- the most difficult)]. Secondary outcomes included respiratory function and seated balance.

Results

Data from 10 people with chronic SCI (>1 year) (Cervical level of injury: 6, AIS: A-B, injury duration: 10.9 years 95% CI [3.9, 18.1]) were used in the analysis. Participants completed 69% of their training days in IMT Phase 1 and 65% overall reporting an average DS of 7.4 ± 1.4. Only one participant completed training during IMT Phase 4. One participant’s training load was reduced due to suspected overtraining. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), sustained MIP (SMIP), and total power (TP), improved significantly (p < 0.05) from BL2 to F1.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that people with SCI can perform high-intensity IMT at home to improve inspiratory performance. It is strongly recommended that participants be intermittently monitored for adherence and safety.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration number: NCT04210063.
Diagnostic model development for schizophrenia based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtype-specific expression of metabolic markers
Authors: Zaki Jihan K. , Lago Santiago G. , Rustogi Nitin , Gangadin Shiral S. , Benacek Jiri , van Rees Geertje F. , Haenisch Frieder , Broek Jantine A. , Suarez-Pinilla Paula , Ruland Tillmann , Auyeung Bonnie , Mikova Olya , Kabacs Nikolett , Arolt Volker , Baron-Cohen Simon , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Drexhage Hemmo A. , de Witte Lot D. , Kahn René S. , Sommer Iris E. , Bahn Sabine , Tomasik Jakub
Published: October 2022

A significant proportion of the personal and economic burden of schizophrenia can be attributed to the late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disorder. A novel, objective diagnostic approaches could facilitate the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia and improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to identify robust schizophrenia-specific blood biomarkers, with the goal of developing an accurate diagnostic model. The levels of selected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers relevant to metabolic and immune function were measured in healthy controls (n = 26) and recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 36) using multiplexed immunoassays and flow cytometry. Analysis of covariance revealed significant upregulation of insulin receptor (IR) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) levels in T helper cells (F = 10.75, P = 0.002, Q = 0.024 and F = 21.58, P = 2.8 × 10−5, Q = 0.0004, respectively), as well as downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in monocytes (F = 21.46, P = 2.9 × 10−5, Q = 0.0004). The most robust predictors, monocyte GLUT1 and T helper cell CD36, were used to develop a diagnostic model, which showed a leave-one-out cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66–0.92). The diagnostic model was validated in two independent datasets. The model was able to distinguish first-onset, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 34) from healthy controls (n = 39) with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64–0.86), and also differentiated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) from patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (n = 68), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.92). These findings indicate that PBMC-derived biomarkers have the potential to support an accurate and objective differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.
GPX4-independent ferroptosis—a new strategy in disease’s therapy
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Du Jingtong , Zhang Yufeng , Wang Yuyao , Wang Bingxuan , Zhang Tianhong
Published: October 2022

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and earlier studies identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as an essential regulator of this process. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumors, degenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, researchers have found that inhibition of GPX4 does not entirely suppress ferroptosis in certain diseases, or cells express resistance to ferroptosis agonists that inhibit GPX4. As research progresses, it has been discovered that there are multiple regulatory pathways for ferroptosis that are independent of GPX4. The study of GPX4-independent ferroptosis pathways can better target ferroptosis to prevent and treat various diseases. Here, the currently inhibited pulmonary GPX4-dependent ferroptosis pathways will be reviewed.
Sexually dimorphic estrogen sensing in skeletal stem cells controls skeletal regeneration
Authors: Andrew Tom W. , Koepke Lauren S. , Wang Yuting , Lopez Michael , Steininger Holly , Struck Danielle , Boyko Tatiana , Ambrosi Thomas H. , Tong Xinming , Sun Yuxi , Gulati Gunsagar S. , Murphy Matthew P. , Marecic Owen , Tevlin Ruth , Schallmoser Katharina , Strunk Dirk , Seita Jun , Goodman Stuart B. , Yang Fan , Longaker Michael T. , Yang George P. , Chan Charles K. F.
Published: October 2022

Sexually dimorphic tissues are formed by cells that are regulated by sex hormones. While a number of systemic hormones and transcription factors are known to regulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the mechanisms that determine sexually dimorphic differences in bone regeneration are unclear. To explore how sex hormones regulate bone regeneration, we compared bone fracture repair between adult male and female mice. We found that skeletal stem cell (SSC) mediated regeneration in female mice is dependent on estrogen signaling but SSCs from male mice do not exhibit similar estrogen responsiveness. Mechanistically, we found that estrogen acts directly on the SSC lineage in mice and humans by up-regulating multiple skeletogenic pathways and is necessary for the stem cell’s ability to self- renew and differentiate. Our results also suggest a clinically applicable strategy to accelerate bone healing using localized estrogen hormone therapy.
Sensitivity and spectral control of network lasers
Authors: Saxena Dhruv , Arnaudon Alexis , Cipolato Oscar , Gaio Michele , Quentel Alain , Yaliraki Sophia , Pisignano Dario , Camposeo Andrea , Barahona Mauricio , Sapienza Riccardo
Published: October 2022

Recently, random lasing in complex networks has shown efficient lasing over more than 50 localised modes, promoted by multiple scattering over the underlying graph. If controlled, these network lasers can lead to fast-switching multifunctional light sources with synthesised spectrum. Here, we observe both in experiment and theory high sensitivity of the network laser spectrum to the spatial shape of the pump profile, with some modes for example increasing in intensity by 280% when switching off 7% of the pump beam. We solve the nonlinear equations within the steady state ab-initio laser theory (SALT) approximation over a graph and we show selective lasing of around 90% of the strongest intensity modes, effectively programming the spectrum of the lasing networks. In our experiments with polymer networks, this high sensitivity enables control of the lasing spectrum through non-uniform pump patterns. We propose the underlying complexity of the network modes as the key element behind efficient spectral control opening the way for the development of optical devices with wide impact for on-chip photonics for communication, sensing, and computation.
The occurrence of ansamers in the synthesis of cyclic peptides
Authors: Yao Guiyang , Kosol Simone , Wenz Marius T. , Irran Elisabeth , Keller Bettina G. , Trapp Oliver , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: October 2022

α-Amanitin is a bicyclic octapeptide composed of a macrolactam with a tryptathionine cross-link forming a handle. Previously, the occurrence of isomers of amanitin, termed atropisomers has been postulated. Although the total synthesis of α-amanitin has been accomplished this aspect still remains unsolved. We perform the synthesis of amanitin analogs, accompanied by in-depth spectroscopic, crystallographic and molecular dynamics studies. The data unambiguously confirms the synthesis of two amatoxin-type isomers, for which we propose the term ansamers. The natural structure of the P-ansamer can be ansa-selectively synthesized using an optimized synthetic strategy. We believe that the here described terminology does also have implications for many other peptide structures, e.g. norbornapeptides, lasso peptides, tryptorubins and others, and helps to unambiguously describe conformational isomerism of cyclic peptides.
Higher harmonics in planar Hall effect induced by cluster magnetic multipoles
Authors: Song Jeongkeun , Oh Taekoo , Ko Eun Kyo , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Woo Jin , Zhu Yangyu , Yang Bohm-Jung , Li Yangyang , Noh Tae Won
Published: October 2022

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are attracting tremendous attention due to their spintronic applications and associated novel topological phenomena. However, detecting and identifying the spin configurations in AFM materials are quite challenging due to the absence of net magnetization. Herein, we report the practicality of utilizing the planar Hall effect (PHE) to detect and distinguish “cluster magnetic multipoles” in AFM Nd2Ir2O7 (NIO-227) fully strained films. By imposing compressive strain on the spin structure of NIO-227, we artificially induced cluster magnetic multipoles, namely dipoles and A2- and T1-octupoles. Importantly, under magnetic field rotation, each magnetic multipole exhibits distinctive harmonics of the PHE oscillation. Moreover, the planar Hall conductivity has a nonlinear magnetic field dependence, which can be attributed to the magnetic response of the cluster magnetic octupoles. Our work provides a strategy for identifying cluster magnetic multipoles in AFM systems and would promote octupole-based AFM spintronics.