bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microarthropods and vegetation as biological indicators of soil quality studied in the poor sandy stand at former military sites
Authors: Gruss Iwona , Twardowski Jacek , Nebeská Diana , Trögl Josef , Stefanovska Tatyana , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Machová Iva
Published: March 2021

Biota play major roles in soil function and are highly sensitive to any
disturbances including land degradations. The objective of research was
to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods used to determine
soil quality in sandy soil, in particular to compare the microarthropod
and vegetation indices. The following soil fauna indices were used:
Collembola and Acari abundance, QBS-ar index, decomposition rate,
feeding activity. The Ellenberg index was used as a vegetation
indicator, in which the response to pH, nutrients, and moisture was
analysed. We based on an experiment conducted at a former military site
in the Czech Republic. Soil quality was determined at two sites which
differ slightly in nutrient content. Collembola abundance, feeding
activity, and QBS-ar index were highly sensitive to minor differences in
nutrients. In the group of vegetation indices, only the response to pH
was significant. All analysed indices showed better biological quality
in soils with higher nutrient content. Collembola were positively
correlated with all vegetation indicators, which may indicate a close
relation of springtails to certain plant species or similar habitat
requirements. Finally, we indicate the usefulness of biological
indicators for monitoring the quality of soil, which can be adopted when
making various decisions concerning land use.
Reduced flu activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Cervoni Edoardo
Published: March 2021

After the pandemic extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection was recognized in
mid-February 2020, indicators of influenza activity began to decline
worldwide.

The significant reduction in influenza activity may have implications in
terms of forecasting the most appropriate strains towards which to
direct the 2021/2022 vaccination campaign, its possible benefits against
the inevitable costs, not only economic, but also organizational. The
latter deserve special attention by virtue of the realistic need for a
new mass vaccination for Covid19 in autumn 2021.

In order to have a better perception of the fluctuation of influenza
activity at the level of General Practice, we verified the cases of
influenza diagnosed after hospitalisation for pneumonia and flu-like
illness for a period of 5 years in a population belonging to a large GP
Surgery in Merseyside, UK.
Two Novel Biallelic Variants in TECPR2 and FA2H Genes Causing Complicated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia in Iranian families from lur Ethnicity: Case Series.
Authors: Edizadeh Masoud , Chegeninezhad Negar , Akbari Soheila , Salehirad Maryam , Pakmanesh Rezvan , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh , Hayatigolkhatmi Kourosh , khodadadi Hamidreza
Published: March 2021

We herein report first Iranian families with spastic paraplegia 35 and
49 and claim that TECPR2 gene causes complicated spastic paraplegia 49
with or without sensory autonomic neuropathy. In addition, we show how
coexistence of SPG49 and griscelli syndrome can lead to misdiagnosis.
The association of vitamin D deficiency with iron deficiency anemia in Turkish children aged between 4 months to 5 years old
Authors: Çelik Emine , Saç Rukiye , Badem Nermin Dindar , Bilge Yıldız Dallar , Alioglu Bulent
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is most frequent in children
under five years old. Many studies have shown a high prevalence of
vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in similar age group. An association between
IDA and VDD was reported. The objective of our study was to determine
whether there is an association of VDD with IDA in Turkish children
under 5 years old. Methods: Children, ages between four months-five
years were included in a case–control study. Two groups were
constituted: children with IDA (group I) and healthy control children
without IDA (group II). Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels lower than 20
ng/mL were considered as deficiency. Results: Mean age of group I
(n=211, 24.8±17.5 months, 45% males) and group II (n=149, 26.4±17.7
months, 44% males) were comparable (p>0.05). Median
vitamin D level in group I (22.5 ng/ml) was lower than group II (32.3
ng/mL) (p=0.001). The frequency of VDD was 38.5% in group I and 14.5%
in group II (p<0.001). Sixteen children had subclinical
rickets signs (All <36 months old); 14 of these were in group
I (p=0.034). Conclusions: VDD is more frequent in small children with
IDA than healthy controls. Most of the children presenting subclinical
rickets signs had concurrent IDA. Physicians should note that VDD or
even subclinical rickets may associate to IDA in children younger than
36 months old.
Have We Lost Sight of the Women? An Observational Study About Normality-Centred Care in Australian Maternity Services.
Authors: Ananthram Harsha , Vangaveti Venkat , Rane Ajay
Published: March 2021

Objective • Prioritising normal birth has led to harm in some instances
in the UK • Australian organisations have also promoted normal birth in
maternity practice • The negative impact of normal birth appears less
well understood in Australia • The study explores this impact of normal
birth promotion and the quality of clinical incident investigations
Design • Survey-based research design Setting • Online survey Population
or Sample • Australian maternity health care providers Methods • Open
and close-ended questions on the survey • The survey received 1278
responses • Data analysed using SPSS software Main Outcome Measures •
Perceptions on bias against or delay in interventions • Perceptions on
systemic attempts to reduce caesarean rates • Perceptions on clinical
incident investigations and the engagement of women in these processes
Results • Promoting normal birth may by introduce bias against or delay
interventions • Attempts to reduce caesarean section rates may reduce
the agency of the woman to choose how she births • Incident
investigations appear to be independent and improve outcomes for mothers
and babies • Women with birth trauma appear to lack support and follow
up postnatally Conclusions • Current regulatory standards for maternity
services may need to be re-evaluated • Key performance indicators for
maternity services need to change to reflect core ethical and legal
obligations around informed consent
Effects of the use of preoperative GnRHa analogue and intra-operative mechanical tourniquet for myomectomy on surgical blood loss: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Idle Salwa Abdullahi , Coles Helen , Ayis Salma , Narvekar Nitish
Published: March 2021

Objective To compare the pre-operative use of GnRH analogue and/or
intra-operative use of tourniquets to determine which intervention best
reduces the intraoperative blood loss at open myomectomy. Design
Randomised controlled trial, partially blinded (clinician and
participant) Setting Single tertiary centre Population Women requiring
open myomectomy in our gynaecology outpatient clinic Methods Patients
were allocated to receive either pre-operative GnRHa, intra-operative
mechanical tourniquet or a combination of preoperative GnRHa and
intra-operative mechanical tourniquet. Main Outcome Measure Mean
intraoperative blood loss Results There was a difference in mean
intra-operative blood loss of groups GnRHa (n=14) versus Tourniquet
(n=12) (752ml, 95% CI 148ml-1355ml, p=0.01) and groups GnRHa versus
GnRHa+ Tourniquet (n=17) (804ml, 95% CI 250ml-1357ml, p=0.002). No
significant difference in intra-operative blood loss between groups
Tourniquet and GnRHa+ Tourniquet (52ml, 95% CI -630ml-526ml, p=1) were
detected. A sub-analysis showed that there is no statistical
significance (p=0.45) between mean blood loss at surgery and uterine
size across the groups. Conclusions The use of a mechanical tourniquet
with or without pre-operative gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues
is significantly more effective at reducing intraoperative blood loss at
open myomectomy than the use of pre-operative gonadotrophin releasing
hormone analogues alone Tweetable Abstract Mechanical tourniquet with or
without GnRHa significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss at open
myomectomy EudraCT Number 2010-019810-26
Effective Decision-Making Behaviors for Defense R&D: Accounting for Dynamic Competition
Authors: Calafut Mark , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas
Published: March 2021

Research and Development (R&D) in the Department of Defense (DoD) is shaped by competition. Competition is a complex, interactive process that is difficult to predict and has significant effects on the value of R&D investments over time. Initially promising investments may ultimately result in little value, due to the actions of others in a competitive environment. This article models the interaction of competition with R&D decision-making and introduces a simulation-based methodology to determine effective decision-making behaviors for the distinctive competition dynamics of DoD applications. The approach is built on the insight that R&D decision-making can be optimized for the resulting Post-Competition Value (PCV) of opportunities, rather than for their initial value. The authors demonstrate the value of this approach in three diverse applications across the DoD, including a case of defense industry companies, government laboratories, and nonprofits. In all cases, optimized behaviors are identified that achieve significantly more average value than standard alternatives that do not account for competition. This creates an opportunity for DoD leaders to systematically account for competition in their decision-making and enhance the value of their R&D investments.
On some general inequalities related to operator AM-GM inequality
Authors: Safshekan Rahim , Farokhinia Ali
Published: March 2021

nema
Happiness as an aim of democracy
Authors: Glisic Dejana
Published: March 2021

In this paper I will consider relation between political environment and
happiness, advocating the view according to which democracy represents a
form of social life that positively affects the happiness of citizens. The
subject of my research will be the analysis of basic psychological
assumptions about happiness, the influence of society and the cultural
environment on the subjective feeling of happiness, as well as arguments
that could support a democratic system as the most optimal for creating a
harmonious and happy society. I will focus in particular on the question of
whether individualist and collectivist societies equally provide people with
the basic conditions for a quality and happy life. I will approach the
research methodologically in two ways. First, I will address these issues
from a theoretical perspective, taking into account contemporary
psychological doctrines about happiness and the arguments of political
philosophy that consider the relationship between happiness and social
circumstances. Secondly, I will try to compare all theoretical assumptions
with the conducted empirical research. I will try to defend the assumption
that democratic environments create better conditions for personal
satisfaction and happiness of people, concluding that the happiness of
citizens, through the promotion of freedom, autonomy and equality, in a
sense is one of the direct goals of democracy, which gives it a great
advantage over undemocratic societies, both in theoretical terms and in
terms of the results of empirical research.
WE ARE NOT IN THE DARK
Authors: Hendricks Perry
Published: March 2021

Critics of skeptical theism often claim that if it (skeptical theism) is true, then we are in the dark about whether (or for all we know) there is a morally justifying reason for God to radically deceive us. From here, it is argued that radical skepticism follows: if we are truly in the dark about whether there is a morally justifying reason for God to radically deceive us, then we cannot know anything. In this article, I show that skeptical theism does not entail that we are in the dark about whether (or for all we know) there is a morally justifying reason for God to deceive us. And hence arguments against skeptical theism that make use of this assumption fail.
An Act of Futility, or Pascal’s Wager?
Authors: Vázquez Quintana Enrique
Published: March 2021

Futility is defined as something unimportant, useless, ineffective, without value or purpose, frivolousness, unable to solve problems. The definition of futility is clear and simple; the difficultly is its clinical application in the management of complex cases. The implications are different when dealing with medical or surgical patients. It is radically different when the decision of not doing any other efforts for the treatment of intractable heart failure or disseminated carcinomatosis or when we are dealing with surgical patients whose diseases carry very low opportunity of survival or of improvement in his general wellbeing. It is in the medical cases that the strategy of hanging the Crepe is used when trying to communicate to the relatives the gravity of their beloved ones illness. At times the physicians exaggerate the seriousness of the disease to lessen the suffering if eventually the patient dies. Crepe is a black piece of cloth forming a bow that used to be placed in the front door of the house to indicate the death and mourning of the relatives. This custom has been abandoned in almost all countries. Physicians undertake the utmost efforts in trying to preserve the life of their patients as well as to provide quality of life no matter the economic circumstances. In recent years I had two patients who were so sick that their condition gave the impression that their lives were close to an end. Nevertheless, after an operation deemed by some other physicians as futile, both patients recovered and are leading a normal lives for the past six and five years respectively.
Angioleiomyoma of the Tongue- A Rare Peculiar Entity
Authors: Rawat Garima
Published: March 2021

Angioleiomyomas (ALs) are benign mesenchymal tumors which were considered to be of smooth muscle origin, until the latest WHO classification (2016) of soft tissue tumors, in which it was reclassified as a tumor of perivascular origin. The majority of ALs occurs in the uterus, gastrointestinal tract and skin; AL of the oral cavity is infrequent, and AL of the tongue is particularly rare. These usually appear as solitary, slow-growing masses and are seldom observed in oral cavity. Here, we present a case of a fifty four year old male with a lesion on the left lateral border of the tongue, clinically mimicking a neurofibroma/ schwannoma. In this article we highlight the importance of scrupulous and detailed histopathological analysis and differential immunohistochemical studies which are essential for the diagnosis of AL from other spindle cell lesions.
A Rare Malignant Tumor of Gall Bladder
Authors: Agrawal Lakshmi
Published: March 2021

A 35 yrs old lady presented with abdominal pain and loss of appetite. LFT, RFT and other Lab investigation were within normal limits.
Modelling of an Optimized Microgrid Model by Integrating DG Distributed Generation Sources to IEEE 13 Bus System
Authors: Imtiaz Bisma , Zafar Imran , Yuanhui Cui
Published: March 2021

Due to the rapid increase in energy demand with depleting conventional sources, the world’s interest is moving towards renewable energy sources. Microgrid provides easy and reliable integration of distributed generation (DG) units based on renewable energy sources to the grid. The DG’s are usually integrated to microgrid through inverters. For a reliable operation of microgrid, it must have to operate in grid connected as well as isolated mode. Due to sudden mode change, performance of the DG inverter system will be compromised. Design and simulation of an optimized microgrid model in MATLAB/Simulink is presented in this work. The goal of the designed model is to integrate the inverter-interfaced DG’s to the microgrid in an efficient manner. The IEEE 13 bus test feeder has been converted to a microgrid by integration of DG’s including diesel engine generator, photovoltaic (PV) block and battery. The main feature of the designed MG model is its optimization in both operated modes to ensure the high reliability. For reliable interconnection of designed MG model to the power grid, a control scheme for DG inverter system based on PI controllers and DQ-PLL (phase-locked loop) has been designed. This designed scheme provides constant voltage in isolated mode and constant currents in grid connected mode. For power quality improvement, the regulation of harmonic current insertion has been performed using LCL filter. The performance of the designed MG model has been evaluated from the simulation results in MATLAB/ Simulink.
The UFAM Scientific Initiation Program: A Study of the Results between the Years 2008 to 2018
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Albuquerque de , Júnior Mário Norberto da Costa
Published: March 2021

Faced with a reality of constant changes and competitiveness, new skills and competences are required every day to operate in a diffuse and complex society. Scientific Initiation Programs are an excellent way to promote and teach scientific skills that will enable you to acquire these new skills. This work aims to present the evolution of the Scientific Initiation activity carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas in the period from 2008 to 2018, making a comparison between the actions carried out at Campus Manaus and those developed in other units of the State. Bibliographic and documentary sources were used to verify this evolution in the period. The results show an increase of approximately 257% in the submission of processes in the UFAM CI, consisting mostly of the areas of Exact and Earth Sciences (24% of submissions) and Health (18% of submissions). Over the period, a total of 5,790 scholarships were offered for Scientific Initiation in the capital and 1,637 scholarships in the interior, with CNPq being the largest funding agency and FAPEAM in this one. This theme still needs further studies, mainly with regard to data from UFAM itself.
Teaching Methods for Entrepreneurship Courses for Students in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Lung-Tan
Published: March 2021

This short research article aims to present the teaching entrepreneurial management for undergraduate students in Taiwan with higher power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Teachers and students have to keep distances and wear masks to avoid infection. However, it reduces the passionate of students to communicate and answer questions. Mobile App such as ZUVIO can help teachers and students to cope the situations. Teachers and students in Taiwan with higher power distance and higher uncertainty avoidance prefer to present lectures and ask students to memorize knowledge form textbooks. However, the kinds of teaching methods do not fit entrepreneurship courses, which require creativity and innovation. We used teamwork, project writing, and competition assessment to inspire their creativity and innovation, in order to reduce uncertainty avoidance. Moreover, we use online education software, ZUVIO, for students to vote on the project anonymously with the intention of decreasing power distance. Studies carried out at one university in Taiwan in 2018. Our sample came from around 50 students attended an entrepreneurship course in a university in Taiwan. At the end of the semester, students, mostly from China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia, students present innovative projects, attend competitions, and receive brilliant awards. We recommend teachers in Asian countries with higher power distance and higher uncertainty avoidance revise teaching methods according to their teaching situation. For instance, most business school teachers use paper-and-pencil tests to assess learning outcomes, but a small number of teachers competition to evaluate performance. It could cause a conflict situation between teachers.
On the Variation of Geomagnetic H-Component during Solar Quiet Days
Authors: Ugwu Ernest Benjamin Ikechukwu , Okeke Christopher Ekene
Published: March 2021

The hourly variation of the H-component of the geometric field from two equatorial electrojet stations, Huancayo and Addis Ababa, and one non-equatorial electrojet station, Alibag, were studied to find out the trend of solar quiet variation of H for the year 2008. The dH amplitudes of the electrojet stations showed enhancement in H, while there was no enhancement in the non-electrojet station which was located far away from the dip equator. The day-to-day monthly diurnal variation was, however, observed in all the three stations. Also, at nighttime, the dH amplitudes of all the stations were non-zero which we attributed to non-ionospheric current sources like the magnetosphere since at night there was no solar radiations. For seasonal variations, an Equinoctial maximum, J-Solstitial maximum, and S-Solstitial maximum were observed in the equatorial stations while the non-equatorial station recorded an equinoctial minimum, J-solstitial minimum and D-Solstitial minimum.
Granular Cell Tumor in the Brain of a Dog
Authors: Maglaty Marisa , Woolard Kevin
Published: March 2021

Diagnostic Exercise from The Latin Comparative Pathology Group. Clinical History: 10 year-old, female spayed, Golden Retriever/Poodle mix. This patient had a mass removed laparoscopically from the right adrenal gland (cortical adenoma) and was started on a low dose of prednisone post-operatively. Eight days post-op, she began having cluster seizures and was started on levetiracetam therapy. The following day, the dog was moderately obtunded and stumbling. On neurological examination, mild generalized ataxia was noted along with decreased menace OS, and delayed proprioception in the left pelvic and left thoracic limbs. CBC and chemistry values were unremarkable except for a mild hepatic enzyme elevation. EEG showed seizure-like activity and abnormal brain waves resembling sleep state while awake. MRI revealed an eccentric right-sided mass extending over the frontal and parietal lobes with subtentorial herniation. Due to poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy and Microscopic Findings: Tenuously adhered to the right parietal lobe of the brain and the dura mater is a soft, round, white, plaque-like mass measuring 3.5 x 3.0 x 0.3 cm. The mass is friable and poorly-demarcated from surrounding brain parenchyma. A portion of the mass adheres to the supradjacent surface of the calvarium.
Deconstruction of Dictatorship in Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa’s Works
Authors: Haghighat Chaleshtari Nasrin , Omidi Ali
Published: March 2021

Latin America's literature does not merely represent the creation of literary masterpieces for artistic enjoyment; instead, it is inspired by real-world events. Latin American authors attempt to depict the pains, sufferings, and problems they have always grappled with. Taking a descriptive-analytic approach by applying sociological criticism, the present study attempted to examine Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa’s most essential works on dictatorship rule, including Conversación en La Catedral, La guerra del fin del mundo, La ciudad y los perrosand La fiesta del chivo. One of the Latin America’s political typical features was fascism and dictatorship, which was reflected in different authors' works, including Llosa. The findings of the present study revealed that the dictatorial system raised in Llosa’s works is characterized by violence, political and economic corruption, intervention by foreign powers, the emergence of Communism as the sole savior of the third world, and the elites’ disenchantment with improvement in the status of the society. He put forward this sober idea that dictators are not natural catastrophes, but they are constructed as dictators by their victims.
Posthumanism in Hernan Diaz’s In the Distance
Authors: Abedi Pegah , Moradi-Joz Rasool
Published: March 2021

This study is an attempt to shed new light on the potential representation of posthumanism, the posthuman condition in particular, in Hernan Diaz’s tour de force novel entitled “In the Distance.” The main focus of the study is highlighting the inextricable bond between humans and their surroundings in the most anthropocentric trend of posthumanism, and addressing our exploitative way of living and the outcomes of our ill-treatment toward the natural environment, as represented in one of the contemporary fictions, “In the Distance.” We are told that nature is an eternal Eden which was predestined for serving humankind, and will be balanced once it has fulfilled its duty. The novel, however, as evidenced by current environmental issues, makes an effort to warn us about the end of nature and in turn the failure of humanity. In the same context, this study seeks to demonstrate the “In the Distance” novel as one of the main works arguing for post-humanistic principles during and after the colonialization of America, accompanied by modern civilization and technological advancement in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Implementasi Kansei Engineering Dalam Perancangan Desain Karakter Dengan Prinsip Appeal (Studi Kasus : Karakter dalam Film Battle of Surabaya)
Authors: Sari Dessy Riana , Suyanto M. , Sofyan Amir Fatah
Published: March 2021

Dalam penciptaan desain karakter animasi erat kaitanya dengan prinsip Appeal, namun prinsip animasi ini sangat bergantung terhadap penilaian pribadi. Sehingga diperlukan cara yang sistematis untuk memahami penilaian prinsip appeal dalam penciptaan degain karakter animasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kansei Engeneering untuk mendapatkan penilaian mengenai prinsip appeal dengan menggunakan studi kasus karakter dari animasi Battle of Surabaya. Metode Kansei Engeneering digunakan berdasarkan perasaan psikologis yang tercermin melalui kata kansei. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik multivariant. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi elemen desain karakter yang dihasilkan dengan prinsip appeal melalui pendekatan Kansei Engenering. Elemen desain pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi kasus karakter animasi di film Battle of Surabaya yang berpedoman dengan Kansei Word. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pengaruh appeal pada design karakter dapat dicapai dengan elemen desain seperti Teritary Color, Near Realis, Hooded Eyes, dan Square Face Shape. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi ilmiah mengenai penciptaan desain karakter yang mengacu pada prinsip appeal. Kata Kunci—Kansei Engeneering, Appeal, Desain KarakterAbstractWhen created animated character designs closely related to the principle of Appeal, but the principle of animation is very dependent on personal judgment. A systematic way to understand the appraisal principle is required in the creation of animated characters. This research uses Kansei Engeneering Method to get consideration of comparative principles by using case studies of characters from the Battle of Surabaya animation. The Kansei Engeneering method is used based on psychological feelings that are reflected through the word kansei. The analysis in this research uses multivariate statistical analysis. This researchy provides recommendations for the character design elements produced with the principle of appeal through the Kansei Engenering approach. The design elements in this study were obtained from a case study of animated characters in the film Battle of Surabaya, which is guided by Kansei Word. The analysis shows that the effect of appeal on character design can be achieved with design elements such as Teritary Color, Near Realist, Hooded Eyes, and Square Face Shape. This research is expected to make a scientific contribution regarding the creation of character designs that refer to the principle of appeal.Keywords— Kansei Engeneering, Appeal, Character design
Implementasi Constraint CHECK Pada Basis Data Aplikasi LaundryPOS Dalam Aspek Kebenaran Data
Authors: Rahma Firstyani Imannisa , Agustin Tinuk , James Ronaldus Morgan , Utami Ema
Published: March 2021

Komponen penting yang dibutuhkan dalam sistem informasi atau perangkat lunak adalah basis data. Basis data membantu perangkat lunak dalam mengolah data yang datang dari input yang masuk ke dalam sistem. Untuk menjaga integritas dan keamanan data, programmer wajib memberikan fitur validasi data pada input. Validasi data dapat dilakukan dengan membuat batasan di tingkat aplikasi maupun di tingkat basis data. Sangat penting melakukan validasi data tingkat basis data tidak hanya pada tingkat pemrograman saja. LaundryPOS adalah aplikasi karis berbasis mobile yang diperuntukkan untuk usaha laundry. Penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis keuntungan dari CHECK constraint di database pada aplikasi LaundryPOS dalam aspek kebenaran data. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan query dan kendala. Hasil dari pengujian ini membuktikan bahwa constraint CHECK mampu menjaga aspek kebenaran pada basis data aplikasi LaundryPOS dengan menyaring data input yang tidak sesuai dengan format yang ditentukan.Kata Kunci—CHECK constraint, integritas data, validasi data, aspek kebenaran data, MySQLAn importantcomponents in the information system or software is database. The database helps the software process data that comes from the input that enters the system. To maintain data integrity and security, programmers must provide data validation features on the input. Data validation can be done by creating constraints at the application level or at the database level. It is very important to do database level data validation not only at the programming level. LaundryPOS is a mobile-based cashier application intended for laundry businesses. This study will analyze the benefits of CHECK constraints in the database on the LaundryPOS in terms of data correctness. Tests carried out using the query and constraints. The results of this test demonstrate that CHECK constraint is able to maintain the Correctness Aspects of the LaundryPOS database by filtering input data that does not match the specified format.Keywords—CHECK constraints, data integrity, data validation, aspek kebenaran data, MySQL
Decoding Cli-Fi Dynamics in Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behaviour
Authors: Francis Ashna
Published: March 2021

Flight Behaviouris an integration of many important issues that humanity faces today like climate change, global warming, species extinction, and the advent of the age of Anthropocene. The novel is set in rural Tennessee and it explores the reaction of a bible belt community to the arrival of millions of monarch butterflies on the mountains of their hometown. This astonishing phenomenon is branded as a miracle by the townsfolk but the arrival of a research team reveals the troubling truth behind the butterflies’ presence. They have been driven away from their usual Mexican winter grounds because of devastating mudslides and flooding that affected the area. Kingsolver, in simple words, expresses the alarming reality of how changing climate affects biodiversity and leads many species to the verge of extinction. She artfully links the monarch’s struggle for survival with the protagonist’s search for identity, independence and self-expression.
1920 Tarihli Çok Gizli İngiliz İstihbarat Notundan Türk-Rus İlişkilerine Dair İki Belge Ve Analizleri
Authors: ELDEM Fatih Turgay
Published: March 2021

Bu makalede Birleşik Krallık (İngiltere) Hükümeti Hindistan Ofisinde siyasi istihbarat subayı olan Binbaşı Norman N. E. Bray’in 18 Kasım 1920 tarihinde yazdığı çok gizli kurum notu ekleri tercüme edilmiş ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Eklerden ilki, yazılı müzakereleri Mustafa Kemal’in Vladimir Lenin’e yazdığı ünlü 26 Nisan 1920 tarihli mektubuyla başlayıp, Temmuz 1920’de kesinleşen askeri-siyasi anlaşmanın metnidir. İkinci ek ise Kazım Karabekir’in Ekim 1920’de Mustafa Kemal’e gönderdiği, Bolşeviklerin Türk Milliyetçilerinden kabulünü istediği koşulları bildiren telgraftır. Belgelerin içerik analizlerinden BMM Hükümetinin, Bolşevik Rus Hükümeti ile Moskova Antlaşmasından çok önce anlaştığı ve Bolşeviklerin Atatürk Devrimlerinde oldukça etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
A Sequence Of Distance Education Lasting 6 Years in the Ottoman State: Literature Lessons From Ebuzziya Tevfik Bey to His Son Velid
Authors: YILDIRIM Yüksel
Published: March 2021

The first example of distance education in the Ottoman State is the letters education that he gave to Ebüzziya Tevfik Bey's son Velid as an individual enterprise between the years 1902 and1907. Tevfik Bey was exiled to Konya on April 10, 1900. He was closely interested in the education of his younger son Velid, who stayed in Istanbul, and gave him literature courses by means of correspondence. He was closely interested in the education of his younger son Velid, who stayed in Istanbul, and gave him literature lessons by letter. Only two letters from the 6-year literature education were included in this study. Thus, how the letter teaching was done has been studied over the details of the two letters. This article, which is remarkable for shedding light on the education life of the period, it also is contributes to Turkish education history.
DISASTER MITIGATION BASED ON COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS IN GARUT DISTRICT INDONESIA
Authors: Buchari Rd. Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Demographically, Garut District is vulnerable to the occurrence of natural disasters due to the predominantly mountainous region. Disaster mitigation is the first step of prevention. Disaster mitigation conducted in Garut District was forming a disaster response village by using three aspects namely planning, institutional-level village and strengthening the community capacity as an effort to build a community resistance and responsive to the disaster. Institutional established in the village is useful to organize citizens to improve the awareness and social sense. While capacity building is a form of village, training resources to become volunteers whose focus is on entrepreneurship and disaster. The purpose of this research is to discover how disaster mitigation is based on community institutions in disaster-prone areas in Garut Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting sampling in three Disaster-resilient Villages, namely Pasawahan, Rancabango, and Karyamekar. This research uses observations, interviews and literature studies with analysis tools to see the village’s institutional in conducting disaster mitigation management with such aspects: 1) planning; 2) institutional; and 3) capacity building. The results show that disaster response training is not delivered optimally to citizens, and is still limited to volunteers established in each RT/RW. Therefore, the village government should increase the participation of citizens through training in all groups by planning and maximizing the disaster-resilient village with the institutional and capacity development both disaster volunteers and communities to reduce the loss of disaster and encourage villagers to conduct a green activity and maintain the environment to remain beautiful.
Exploring the Perceptions of Moroccan EFL Teachers Towards Task-Based Language Learning
Authors: Mettar Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Moroccan students do not have many opportunities to use English outside the classroom setting. The adoption of task-based language learning (TBLL) is deemed to be an appropriate language instructional method for the Moroccan EFL context. Hence, teachers are explicitly urged in the official Moroccan English language guidelines documents to adopt tasks in their teaching practices. However, no known empirical research has been conducted to investigate teachers’ perceptions and use of TBLL. To fill this gap, this study attempted to investigate high school EFL instructors’ familiarity with TBLL and their views on the use of tasks in their classrooms. An online survey provided quantitative data from 90 participants. Results showed that although Moroccan EFL teachers have a good understanding of the key concepts of this approach, their use of tasks is limited. Lack of task-based materials, large class sizes, and students’ use of their mother tongue to complete the task are identified as the main obstacles facing a high level of use of tasks in teachers’ classroom practices. Several implications for the successful integration of TBLL in the Moroccan EFL context are suggested at the end of the article.
HIPEREALITAS IMAJINASI SEBAGAI IDE DALAM PENCIPTAAN LUKISAN
Authors: Pamungkas Rangga Jalu
Published: March 2021

Hiperealitas imajinasi merupakan suatu hasil kolaborasi pemikiran kreatif dari studi kebudayaan kontemporer dan estetika seni rupa. Tema ini digunakan sebagai jembatan pemecahan kasus dalam pengungkapan berbagai wacana kompleksitas dunia hari ini lewat kacamata fenomena aktual diri dan faktual yang ditampilkan dalam karya lukis. Dalam penciptaanya, citra hiperealitas imajinasi diwujudkan secara hibridasi berbagai mazhab artistika dan estetika seni rupa yang disebut dengan hybrid pop atau hibrid kontemporer dengan balutan citra personal. Karya yang hadir tampil secara figuratif, imajinatif, eksploratif, dan lebih menekankan unsur novelty serta inovasi dalam penyampaian visualnya. Hasil penelitian dari tema ini berupa lukisan-lukisan pada media kanvas dan kertas yang telah diklasifikasikan pada empat seri penting yang mewakili wacana kompleksitas dunia dewasa ini. Dengan demikian, tema ini hadir sebagai produk intelektual kreatif yang dapat dijadikan sarana edukasi, penyegaran pewacanaan pengetahuan hari ini dan esok, serta turut membuka cakrawala baru tentang pemahaman sesuatu yang belum pernah dirasakan oleh pengalaman indrawi sebelumnya.Kata kunci:Hiperealitas, imajinasi, kompleksitas, hibrid, edukasi, kontemporer.
Socio-economic functions of priority development areas and their implementation in the ecosystem of the Russian Far East
Authors: YAKIMOVA Vilena A. , KHMURA Sergei V.
Published: March 2021

Subject. We investigate the functions of priority development areas created in the subjects of the Russian Far East. Objectives. The study aims to determine the functional purpose of such areas and assess how they fulfill their socio-economic functions. Methods. We employ methods of generalization, systematization, sampling and grouping of socio-economic indicators of organizations and sole proprietors that have been granted the status of residents of priority development areas, methods of statistical, economic, correlation, and regression analysis. Results. The analysis shows that the regions of the Russian Far East have been intensively developing over the recent years. This leads to changes in the volume of investment, GRP and its structure, fixed assets, and created jobs. The paper identifies the main functions of priority development areas and includes findings on their implementation. Conclusions. At the initial stage of advanced development regime, there have been positive trends associated with a growth in investment inflows (Amur Oblast, Primorsky Krai), increased labor resources and employment expansion (Primorsky Krai, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), export orientation of projects (Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai), production ramp-up in manufacturing (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast), modernization and renewal of fixed assets (Sakhalin Oblast, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Evaluating the effectiveness of structured financial instruments in the commercial bank's ecosystem
Authors: YAKOVLEVA Alina K. , FEDULOVA Elena A.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article considers the process of effective operation of structured financial instruments in the ecosystem of a commercial bank.
Objectives. The main purpose is to evaluate the economic viability of structured financial instruments in the commercial bank’s ecosystem. The primary targets include defining the position of structured financial instruments in the bank’s ecosystem, revealing their performance criteria, and evaluating their cost parameters for the profitability of the bank and its customers.
Methods. We employ the systems analysis, which enables to provide the integrity of the study, the comparative and statistical analysis of the data that determine the rate of return and efficiency of structured financial instruments in commercial bank’s ecosystem, and unveil the interrelation and interdependence of analyzed parameters.
Results. We define the position of structured financial products in the ecosystem of the bank, analyze their efficiency, and formulate proposals to improve their performance.
Conclusions. The evaluation of economic effectiveness of structured financial instruments in commercial banks’ ecosystem demonstrates that raising funds from customers in structured products is always profitable for any bank. Therefore, it is important to improve the process of structured financial instruments’ development and operation in the bank’s ecosystem, and to aim at enhancing the product quality for customers.
State budget management in the Russian Federation
Authors: LUKIN Andrei G.
Published: March 2021

Subject. This article explores the theoretical foundations of the present State budget management structure in Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to justify the need to reform the structure of the State budget management in the Russian Federation in order to increase susceptibility and adaptability to new goals and objectives, as well as to new methods of public financial management.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, abstraction, induction, and modeling.
Results. Using budgeting tools, I show that the development of the State budget management structure in the Russian Federation was stopped after the second phase of budget reform. This led to the formation of a cumulative system for managing the State financial resources, which effectively excluded any influence of the public treasurers on the financial activities of inferior treasurers and recipients of budget funds. Such a structure does not provide an opportunity to assess and monitor the effectiveness of budget funds use by subordinate organizations. It also fails to create an effective system for managing budgetary risks, especially the risks of deviant activities of government employees.
Conclusions. The article concludes that within the framework of the current stage of budget reform in the Russian Federation, based on the methodology of budgeting and domestic practices of public financial management, it is necessary to continue developing an effective structure of State budget management. Otherwise, the implementation of large-scale national projects and budget reform itself is under threat of failure.
Building Transfer Student Pathways for College and Career Success
Authors: Sedotti Maria A.
Published: March 2021

Edited by: Mark Allen Poisel and Sonya Joseph

Reviewed by: Maria A. Sedotti, Director of Orientation Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus
Atypical: Life with Asperger's in 20 1/3 Chapters
Authors: Madrid Sergio
Published: March 2021

This reviews the authobiographic material from Jesse A. Saperstein's Atypical: Life with Asperger's in 20 1/3 Chapters.
Studying Absence: An Analysis of the Literature and Lack Thereof on the Intersection of HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Rights
Authors: Mateescu Daria
Published: March 2021

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "There is much that academics have taken it upon themselves to study, and also much that they have not. To the extent that the attempt to learn is an attempt to elucidate the truth, it seems unfathomable for our truth-seeking capacities to encompass the entirety of human experience, present and past. And yet, what the academy fails to study is often indicative of more than the inherent catch-22 in which we find ourselves. Factors of identity, and of the hierarchy of important or less important truths, inevitably make themselves evident when one attempts to examine those which have never had the chance to gain a justified worth to academic study. In this paper, I will examine the literature and lack thereof on the matter of reproductive rights and its fraught relationship to HIV/AIDS. I will look both to that research which demonstrates an absence of sufficient literature into this topic, while also historiographically examining two articles within that quantitatively lacking literature. From an examination of this epistemological gap and those worthy attempts to fill it, I will hypothesize that the gap is produced by factors of vulnerability pertaining to the demographics of that group which falls at this intersection, as well as definitional inadequacies in the language of rights."
Well Log Analysis of Nahr Umr, Shuaiba and Zubair Formations in EB-4 well of East Baghdad Oil Field, Iraq, using Rock Physics Templates (RPTs)
Authors: Ahmed S. Al-Banna  , Mustafa A. Al-Khafaji
Published: March 2021

RPT is a method used for classifying various lithologies and fluids from data of well logging or seismic inversion. Three Formations (Nahr Umr, Shuaiba, and Zubair Formations) were selected in the East Baghdad Oil field within well EB-4 to test the possibility of using this method. First, the interpretations of the well log and Density – Neutron cross plot were used for lithology identification, which showed that Nahr Umr and Zubair formations consist mainly of sandstone and shale, while the Shuaiba Formation consists of carbonate (dolomite and limestone). The study was also able to distinguish between the locations of hydrocarbon reservoirs using RPT. Finally, a polynomial equation was generated from the cross plot domain (AI versus Vp/Vs) to estimate one parameter from the other in these formations, and vice versa.
Numerical Simulation of Magnetohydrodynamic Influences on Casson Model for Blood Flow through an Overlapping Stenosed Artery
Authors: Ahmed Bakheet  , Esam A. Alnussairy
Published: March 2021

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects of unsteady blood flow on Casson fluid through an artery with overlapping stenosis were investigated. The nonlinear governing equations accompanied by the appropriate boundary conditions were discretized and solved based on a finite difference technique, using the pressure correction method with MAC algorithm. Moreover, blood flow characteristics, such as the velocity profile, pressure drop, wall shear stress, and patterns of streamlines, are presented graphically and inspected thoroughly for understanding the blood flow phenomena in the stenosed artery.
Weighted k-Nearest Neighbour for Image Spam Classification
Authors: Ahmad M. Salih  , Ban N. Dhannoon
Published: March 2021

E-mail is an efficient and reliable data exchange service. Spams are undesired e-mail messages which are randomly sent in bulk usually for commercial aims. Obfuscated image spamming is one of the new tricks to bypass text-based and Optical Character Recognition (OCR)-based spam filters. Image spam detection based on image visual features has the advantage of efficiency in terms of reducing the computational cost and improving the performance. In this paper, an image spam detection schema is presented. Suitable image processing techniques were used to capture the image features that can differentiate spam images from non-spam ones. Weighted k-nearest neighbor, which is a simple, yet powerful, machine learning algorithm, was used as a classifier. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed schema as it is evaluated over two datasets. The first dataset is a real and benchmark dataset while the other is a real-like, modern, and more challenging dataset collected from social media and many public available image spam datasets. The obtained accuracy was 99.36% and 91% on benchmark and the proposed dataset, respectively.