bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREDICTORS OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER CARDIAC SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN OLDERY PATIENTS
Authors: Каменская О. В. , Клинкова А. С. , Ломиворотов В. В. , Шмырев В. А. , Чернявский А. М.
Published: September 2021

Для выявления предикторов неврологических осложнений в госпитальный период после коронарного шунтирования (КШ) проанализированы данные 92 больных 70 лет и старше с ИБС. Интраоперационно проведен мониторинг церебральной оксигенации ( rSO , %). На этапе вводной анестезии средний уровень rSO по правому и левому полушариям составлял 64-65% без значительных изменений во время операции. Снижение rSO во время искусственного кровообращения (ИК) связано с увеличением риска развития неврологических осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде. При снижении rSO во время ИК на 20% и более относительно исходных значений по левому и правому полушариям риск неблагоприятных неврологических событий возрастает в 7 и 9 раз соответственно. Два и более инфаркта миокарда в анамнезе в 3 раза увеличивают риск неврологических осложнений после КШ.

To identify predictors of neurological complications in the hospital period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 92 patients with coronary heart disease aged 70 years and over were analyzed. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oxygenation ( rSO , %) was carried out. At the stage of induction anesthesia, the average level of rSO for left and right hemispheres was 64-65 % without signiﬁcant changes during the operation. A decrease in rSO during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was associated with increased risk of neurological complications. The risk of neurological complications increase 7-fold and 9-fold with a decrease in rSO by 20 % or more during CPB relative to baseline for left and right hemispheres, respectively. A history of two or more myocardial infarctions increases 3-fold the risk of neurological complications after CABG.
ASSESSMENT OF DRUG THERAPY IN PSYCHIATRIC ELDERLY PATIENTS BASED ON THE AGS BEERS CRITERIA
Authors: Кирилочев О. О.
Published: September 2021

Целью исследования явился анализ частоты назначений потенциально не рекомендованных лекарственных препаратов (ПНЛП) лицам пожилого возраста, находящимся на лечении в условиях психиатрического стационара. Данная работа проведена с помощью инструмента по борьбе с полипрагмазией - критериев Бирса, созданного под эгидой Американской гериатрической ассоциации. Исследование свидетельствует о высокой частоте применения ПНЛП следующих фармакологических групп: бензодиазепиновые производные, нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (длительный приём), а также лекарственные средства с выраженным антихолинергическим потенциалом. Использование критериев Бирса может способствовать оптимизации лечения пожилых пациентов психиатрического профиля и повышению безопасности фармакотерапии.

The study objective was to analyze the frequency of prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) to elderly patients treated in a psychiatric in-patient setting. This study was carried out using AGS Beers criteria, an anti-polypharmacy tool developed under the auspices of the American Geriatric Association. The study indicates a high frequency of use of PIMs from the following pharmacological groups: benzodiazepine derivatives, non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs (long-term use), as well as drugs with signiﬁcant anticholinergic potential. The AGS Beers criteria can help optimize the treatment for older psychiatric patients and increase the safety of pharmacotherapy.
AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONTENT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND INDICATORS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX METABOLISM IN MEN IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC
Authors: Ким Л. Б. , Русских Г. С. , Путятина А. Н. , Цыпышева О. Б.
Published: September 2021

Изучено содержание васкулоэндотелиального фактора роста А ( VEGF-А ) в плазме крови и взаимосвязь его с показателями липидного обмена и метаболизма внеклеточного матрикса у мужчин трудоспособного возраста (19-69 лет), живущих и работающих в Европейской части Арктической зоны РФ (АЗРФ). Показано отсутствие возрастных различий в содержании VEGF-А . Проведенный корреляционный анализ в отдельных возрастных группах мужчин выявил значимые коэффициенты корреляции уровня VEGF-А с показателями липидного профиля (холестерин, ХС ЛПНП, Апо В , коэффициент атерогенности, отношение Апо В /Апо А 1) и метаболизма внеклеточного матрикса (ТИМП-4, ММП-2, ММП-3, ММП-9, гиалуронан, общий и пептидно-связанный гидроксипролин, гликозаминогликаны). Выявленные корреляции свидетельствуют о формировании определенной взаимосвязи ангиогенеза, атерогенеза и фиброза на конкретном отрезке жизни северян в АЗРФ.

The content of vascular endothelial growth factor-A ( VEGF-A ) in blood plasma and its relationship with lipid and extracellular matrix metabolism in working-aged men (19-69 years), living and working in the European part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Russian Arctic), were studied. No age dependence of the plasma VEGF-A content was found. The correlation analysis, performed in different age groups, revealed signiﬁcant associations of VEGF-A level with lipid parameters (CS, LDL-C, Apo B , atherogenicity coefﬁ cient, Apo B /Apo A 1 ratio) and extracellular matrix metabolism (blood TIMP-4, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, hyaluronan, total and peptide-bound hydroxyproline, glycosaminoglycans). The established correlations indicate the formation of relationships between angiogenesis, atherogenesis and ﬁbrosis at a speciﬁc period of life of northerners in the Russian Arctic.
INDICATORS OF THE HORMONAL SPECTRUM IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF STROKE IN REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT GENDER AND AGE WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SEVERITY OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
Authors: Мякотных В. С. , Остапчук Е. С. , Мещанинов В. Н. , Боровкова Т. А.
Published: September 2021

Определяли уровень содержания в сыворотке крови ряда гормонов в остром периоде инсульта у 29 мужчин и 29 женщин 45-88 лет. Сопоставляли полученные результаты с возрастом пациентов и выраженностью функционального дефекта, сформировавшегося по окончании острого периода инсульта. Наибольшие изменения выявлены для кортизола, альдостерона и эстрадиола ( р =0,014-0,022) у мужчин до 60 лет и для тестостерона ( р =0,001-0,0001) у мужчин 60-88 лет. У женщин старше 60 лет параллельно усилению степени выраженности функционального дефекта происходит только значительное увеличение концентрации пролактина в крови ( р =0,02), динамика остальных составляющих гормонального спектра не выявила статистически достоверной зависимости от возраста и функционального исхода острого периода инсульта. Делается заключение о том, что некоторые гормоны принимают активное участие в формировании постинсультного функционального дефекта, и уровень их содержания в сыворотке крови в остром периоде инсульта можно рассматривать в качестве прогностических критериев острой цереброваскулярной патологии. Но присутствующие при этом различия в динамике гормонального спектра у представителей разного возраста и пола указывают на необходимость персонализации диагностических и терапевтических мер в гендерном и возрастном аспектах.

The level of serum levels of a number of hormones in the acute period of stroke was determined in 29 men and 29 women aged 45 to 88 years. Comparison of the results obtained was carried out in relation to the age of the patients and the severity of the functional defect formed at the end of the acute period of stroke. The most pronounced dynamics in relation to different severity of functional disorders was found for cortisol, aldosterone and estradiol ( p =0,014-0,022) in men under the age of 60 years and for testosterone ( p =0,001-0,0001) in men 60-88 years. In women over the age of 60 years parallel to the increasing severity of the functional defect is only signiﬁcant increase in the concentration of prolactin in the blood ( p =0,02), the dynamics of the other components of the hormonal spectrum did not show any statistically signiﬁcant dependence on age and functional outcome of acute stroke. It is concluded that some hormones are actively involved in the formation of post-stroke functional defects, and the level of their content in the blood serum in the acute period of stroke can be considered as prognostic criteria for acute cerebrovascular pathology. However, the present differences in the dynamics of the hormonal spectrum in representatives of different ages and genders indicate the need to personalize diagnostic and therapeutic measures in gender and age aspects.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE OLD PROBLEMS. HYPERTENSION IN THE GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Темникова Е. А. , Кондратьев А. И. , Темников М. В.
Published: September 2021

Значительное увеличение численности лиц пожилого и старческого возраста во всём мире ведёт к возрастанию актуальности проблем сохранения здоровья и адекватной медицинской помощи гериатрическим пациентам. Особое значение приобретают своевременная диагностика и лечение хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, частота которых с возрастом значительно нарастает. Артериальная гипертензия в пожилом и старческом возрасте всегда вызывала особое внимание исследователей и практических врачей из-за её распространённости, меняющихся подходов к диагностике и оценке влияния на прогноз, различающихся неоднозначных предложений по ведению возрастных пациентов. В обзоре представлены данные международных и отечественных исследований и рекомендаций по вопросам патофизиологии артериальной гипертензии, особенностям её диагностики и лечения в различных клинических ситуациях.

A signiﬁcant increase of the elderly population over the world leads to an increasing the relevance of the problems of maintaining health and adequate medical care for geriatric patients. Timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncommunicable diseases, the frequency of which increases with age, have been the particular importance. The researchers and practicing doctors have always paid special attention to hypertension in old and very old age due to its prevalence, changeable approaches to diagnosis and assessment of the impact on the prognosis, various ambiguous proposals for the management of the patients. Modern information about the international and domestic researches and recommendations on the issues of the pathophysiology of hypertension, features of its diagnosis and treatment in various clinical situations is presented in the review.
EXPERIENCE OF HIGH TECH LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN COMBINATION WITH METHOD IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Демин Д. Б.
Published: September 2021

Проанализированы результаты высокотехнологичных лапароскопических операций у 236 пациентов, 116 из которых были до 60 лет, а 120 - пожилого и старческого возраста. В обеих возрастных группах больных при аналогичных объемах хирургической агрессии не получено достоверной разницы в числе интра-и послеоперационных осложнений. У пациентов старшего возраста их было даже меньше. Лапароскопическая техника сложного хирургического вмешательства в комбинации с максимально ранней реабилитацией пациента имели ключевое значение в ведении послеоперационного периода у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста и обеспечивали эффективность и безопасность данной операции у этого контингента больных.

The results of high tech laparoscopic operations were analysed in 236 patients, with 116 patients under 60 years old, and 120 patients above 60 years old. In both age groups of patients with similar characteristics of surgical aggression, there was no signiﬁ cant difference of intra- and postoperative complications. In elderly patients, there might be even a slight tendency for less complications. Laparoscopic technique of complex surgical intervention in combination with early patient’s rehabilitation is a very important element in management of the postoperative period in elderly patients, it allows the effectiveness and safety of modern surgery in this patient population.
STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE PERIODONTIUM IN OLDER PERSONS AND ITS CORRECTION BY MEANS OF ORAL HYGIENE
Authors: Улитовский С. Б. , Калинина О. В.
Published: September 2021

В исследовании приняли участие 258 лиц старшего возраста с генерализованным хроническим пародонтитом, наблюдение за которыми проводилось на протяжении 1 мес. Для углубленного изучения свойств и эффективности зубных паст, рекомендуемых лицам старшего и преклонного возраста с профилактической противовоспалительной целью, проводили испытания, которые позволили определить истинные характеристики и свойства исследуемых паст. Для изучения противовоспалительного действия зубных паст на стоматологический статус использовали пародонтальные индексы РМА и PI . Наиболее выраженное противовоспалительное действие было выявлено у образцов, активными компонентами которых являлись экстракт овса, тимол, эфирные масла чайного дерева и аниса, а также эвкалипта. Правильный подбор средств индивидуальной гигиены полости рта и разработка «Индивидуальной гигиенической программы профилактики хронического генерализованного пародонтита у лиц старшего и преклонного возраста» позволяют снизить явления воспаления в пародонте, выработки медиаторов воспаления и повысить стоматологическое здоровье лиц старшего и преклонного возраста.

The study involved 258 older persons with generalized chronic periodontitis, who were monitored for a month. For an in-depth study of the properties and effectiveness of toothpastes recommended for older and elderly people with preventive anti-inﬂammatory purpose, tests were conducted to determine the true characteristics and properties of the studied pastes. Periodontal indices PMA and PI were used to study the anti-inﬂammatory effect of toothpastes. The most pronounced anti-inﬂammatory effect was revealed in the samples, the active components of which were oat extract, thymol, anise and essential oils of tea tree, as well as eucalyptus. Proper selection of means of individual oral hygiene and the development of «Individual hygienic program of prevention of chronic generalized periodontitis in older and elderly people» can reduce the phenomenon of inﬂammation in the periodontium, the development of mediators of inﬂammation and improve dental health of older and elderly people.
NORDIC WALKING IN AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Крысюк О. Б. , Дейнеко В. В. , Кантемирова Р. К. , Сухонос Ю. А. , Арутюнов В. А.
Published: September 2021

В статье проанализированы результаты влияния комплексного решения модификации образа жизни, включавшего занятия скандинавской ходьбой, рациональное питание и фармакотерапию, на качество жизни людей пожилого и старческого возраста (средний возраст 72,5±3,6 года). Выявлено значимое повышение показателя шкалы боли опросника MOS SF-36 через полгода ( р =0,001), определяемое и к концу года ( р =0,0001). Выявлена тенденция к улучшению качества жизни по Миннесотскому опроснику через полгода ( р =0,0617). Значимое увеличение показателя качества жизни по Миннесотскому опроснику установлено после одного года применения указанного подхода ( р =0,0001). Обсуждена взаимосвязь повышения показателей качества жизни и достоверного уменьшения параметров САД ( р =0,0016) и ДАД ( р =0,0032) у людей пожилого и старческого возраста после одногодичной практики оригинального комплекса мер по модификации образа жизни.

The article analyzes the results of the impact of an integrated approach to lifestyle modiﬁ cation, including Nordic walking, rational nutrition and pharmacotherapy, on the quality of life of elderly people (average age 72,5±3,6 years). A signiﬁcant improvement in the pain scale indicator of the MOS SF-36 was revealed after six months ( p =0,001), which was also determined by the end of the year ( p =0,0001). A tendency to improve the quality of life was revealed in the Minnesota Questionnaire after six months ( p =0,0617). A signiﬁcant improvement in the Minnesota Quality of Life Questionnaire was found after a year of applying this approach ( p =0,0001). The relationship of improving quality of life indicators and a signiﬁ cant decrease in systolic blood pressure ( p =0,0016) and diastolic blood pressure ( p =0,0032) in elderly people after a one-year practice of an original approach to lifestyle modiﬁcation is discussed.
GERONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE BELGOROD REGION, 2010-2018
Authors: Дмитриев В. Н. , Урусова М. А. , Андреева Н. А. , Дмитриева Т. В.
Published: September 2021

В Белгородской обл. за восьмилетний период (2010-2018 гг.) общая численность населения незначительно увеличилась на 1,3 %. Общий прирост численности населения обеспечивался до 2017 г. только за счет миграционного прироста, ас 2018 г. он перестал компенсировать естественную убыль населения (превышение числа умерших над числом родившихся). В период 2010-2018 гг. имели место негативные демографические тенденции, характеризующиеся депопуляцией вследствие снижения рождаемости, увеличения смертности и постарения населения.

In the Belgorod region during 2010-2018 the total number of the population slightly increased by 1,3%, until 2017 only because of migratory gain. After 2018 it does not compensate natural decrease of the population. During the analyzed period from 2010 to 2018 the negative demographic trends which are characterized by depopulation owing to decrease in birth rate, growth of mortality and ageing of the population took place.
FAMILY DIABETES AND MAIN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: THE DESCRIBED AND POTENTIAL EFFECT OF METFORMIN (remembering Vladimir Dilman)
Authors: Берштейн Л. М.
Published: September 2021

Работа посвящена двум медико-биологическим проблемам - семейному диабету (имея в виду наличие случаев сахарного диабета 2-го типа в семье, в том числе в разных поколениях), а также особенностям его связей с основными неинфекционными заболеваниями человека и приурочена к юбилею известнейшего отечественного специалиста (теоретика и врача) в области геронтологии и эндокринологии профессора В. М. Дильмана. Широко признанные труды Владимира Михайловича, основанные на оригинальных идеях и породившие важные практические следствия (включая применение антидиабетических бигуанидов в не использовавшихся до него областях, необходимость устранения метаболической иммунодепрессии, учета изменений с возрастом на уровне гипоталамического порога в различных гомеостатических системах и целого ряда других предложений), как представляется, в течение долгого времени будут питать интеллектуальным материалом и стимулировать к дальнейшему поиску его последователей и специалистов, которым еще предстоит окунуться в область, очерченную В. М. Дильманом и интересовавшую его в течение многих лет.

The work discusses the two biomedical problems: family diabetes (bearing in mind the presence of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family, including its different generations) and the features of relationship of family diabetes with major non-communicable human diseases (NCDs). The paper is timed to the anniversary of the famous - in our country and abroad - expert in the ﬁeld of gerontology and endocrinology, Professor V. M. Dilman. The widely recognized works of V. M. Dilman, based on original ideas and giving rise to important practical consequences (including the use of antidiabetic biguanides in areas not studied before him, the need to eliminate metabolic immunodepression, to take into account the changes with age at the level of the hypothalamic threshold in various homeostatic systems and a whole number of other essential proposals), which for a long time, as it seems, will stimulate the further scientiﬁc search of his followers and specialists, who have yet to get acquainted with the area that attracted Prof. Dilman and interested him for many years.
HORMONAL PROFILE OF WOMEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN THE BACKGROUND OF MULTIMODAL NON-MEDICINAL CORRECTION OF CLIMACTERIC DISORDERS
Authors: Бериханова Р. Р. , Миненко И. А.
Published: September 2021

Невозможность применения гормональной терапии у женщин требует поиска эффективных немедикаментозных методов коррекции климактерических нарушений. Цель работы - оценка влияния нелекарственных программ коррекции возрастных нарушений у женщин с метаболическим синдромом (МС) на уровень половых гормонов. Из 330 женщин 45-50 лет с климактерическим синдромом (КС) и МС сформировано пять групп. Применяли базовое лечение, лечебную физкультуру, бальнеотерапию, поливитамины и минералы, физиотерапию (вибротерапию, хромотерапию, мелотерапию, ароматерапию, аэроионотерапию) в различных сочетаниях. Определяли уровень фолликулостимулирующего (ФСГ) и лютеинизирующего (ЛГ) гормонов, эстрадиола. У пациенток с КС легкой степени при использовании физиотерапии уже через 3 мес лечения снизился уровень ФСГ, ЛГ, увеличилось содержание эстрадиола. У пациенток с КС средней степени лучшие результаты были достигнуты при применении полного набора физиотерапевтических факторов: через 6 мес снизился уровень ФСГ на 19,3 % ( р <0,0001) и ЛГ на 23,9 % ( р <0,0001), увеличилось содержание эстрадиола на 22,3 % ( р =0,0084). Комплексная нелекарственная коррекция оказывает положительное влияние на функционирование гипоталамо-гипофизарной системы у пациенток с КС и МС. При КС средней степени приоритетна программа с примением вибро-, хромо-, мело-, арома-и аэроионотерапии.

The inability to use hormone replacement therapy in women requires the search for effective non-pharmacological methods for the correction of menopausal disorders. Purpose of work. To assess the effect of non-drug programs for the correction of age-related disorders in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) on the level of sex hormones. Of the 330 women 45-50 years old with menopausal syndrome (CS) and MS, 5 groups were formed. Applied: basic treatment, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, multivitamins and minerals, physiotherapy (vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, aeroionotherapy) in various combinations. The levels of follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones, estradiol were determined. In patients with mild CS, when using physiotherapy, after 3 months of treatment, FSH, LH decreased, estradiol increased. In patients with moderate KS, the best results were achieved using a full set of physiotherapeutic factors: after 6 months, FSH decreased by 19,3% ( p <0,0001) and LH by 23,9% ( p <0,0001), estradiol increased by 22,3% ( p =0,0084). Comprehensive non-drug correction has a positive effect on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in patients with CS and MS. In moderate-grade CS, a program with the use of vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy and aeroionotherapy is a priority.
AGE-RELATED DECLINE IN VACCINATION EFFICACY: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS
Authors: Перфильева Ю. В. , Каральник Б. В. , Остапчук Е. О. , Кали А. , Тлеулиева Р. Т. , Абдолла Н. , Красноштанов В. К. , Беляев Н. Н.
Published: September 2021

Инфекционные заболевания у пожилых людей значительно более часты и смертность от них выше, чем у молодых людей. Вакцинация является наиболее эффективной и наименее затратной профилактической мерой при ряде инфекционных заболеваний. Однако вакцины, которые эффективны у молодых людей, часто неэффективны у пожилых людей старше 65 лет, причиной чего является постепенное снижение функциональных возможностей иммунной системы, происходящее с возрастом и называемое иммуностарением. Связанные с возрастом изменения в клеточном и гуморальном иммунитете ухудшают первичный ответ на вакцины и ослабляют развитие долговременной иммунной памяти. Исследования последних лет дают основание предполагать, что одной из возможных причин возникновения и поддержания иммуностарения в организме могут быть миелоидные супрессорные клетки ( Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, MDSC ). Многочисленными исследованиями установлено, что MDSC способны ингибировать функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета посредством ряда механизмов. В настоящем обзоре приводятся сведения, подчеркивающие роль MDSC в ингибировании иммунного ответа на вакцины при старении, а также обосновываются возможные пути преодоления данного иммунного препятствия.

Infectious diseases in older people are much more frequent, and mortality from them is higher than in young people. Vaccination is the most effective and least expensive preventative measure for a number of infectious diseases. However, vaccines that are effective in young people are often ineffective in older people over 65, which is a result of a gradual decrease in the functional capacity of the immune systems, which occurs with age, and is called «immunosenescence». Age-related changes in the cellular and humoral immunity worsen the primary response to vaccines and weaken the development of long-term immunological memory. Recent studies suggest that one of the possible causes of the occurrence and maintenance of «immunosenescence» may be myeloid-derived suppressor cells ( MDSCs ). These cells have been shown to inhibit the functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells through a number of mechanisms. In this review, we provide information that emphasizes the role of MDSCs in inhibiting the immune response to vaccines during aging, and also substantiates possible ways to overcome this immunological obstacle.
NON-TRADITIONAL VIEW ON TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN SENIORS
Authors: Хорошинина Л. П. , Федорец В. Н. , Галенко А. С. , Медведева Т. В. , Лазарева А. А. , Лопатиева С. О.
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрываются малоизвестные врачебному сообществу научные данные о традиционных факторах сердечно-сосудистого риска применительно к социальной группе пожилых, старых людей и долгожителей. Рассматриваются связанные с метаболизмом признаки старения организма. Оцениваются особенности показателей липидного спектра, уровня мочевой кислоты, мочевины, креатинина, факторов системы свертывания крови. Приводятся данные о характере стенозирования коронарных артерий у пожилых и старых пациентов с ИБС; о взаимосвязи ИБС и жировой дегенерации печени; об особенностях липидного спектра у больных старших возрастных групп с различными заболеваниями сердца; о различных психологических особенностях и поведенческих типах личности стареющих людей, имеющих кардиологическую патологию. Обращается внимание на «профилактический парадокс», который наблюдается у мужчин 60 лет и старше с различными формами ИБС, когда влияние «традиционных» факторов риска на увеличение смертности от сердечнососудистых заболеваний практически нивелируется, а в качестве прогностически неблагоприятных факторов значимую роль играют низкий уровень холестерина ЛПВП, пониженный уровень апо- А 1, увеличение соотношения апо- В /апо- А 1 и низкая физическая активность. Дополнительную ценность обзору придает факт, что в современной литературе, как отечественной так и зарубежной, имеется незначительное количество публикаций, посвященных особенностям факторов риска развития кардиологических заболеваний у людей старших возрастных групп, а также у пациентов, чей возраст превышает 100 лет.

The article reveals little-known scientiﬁc data on the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in relation to social groups of the elderly, old people and centenarians. Some of metabolism associated signs of ageing are considering. In the article some biochemical markers in seniors are evaluated (lipids, ﬁbrinogen, uric acid etc.). Some particularities about atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries in seniors are discovering, as well as relationships between coronary heart disease (CHD) and fatty liver degeneration. One more topic of the article is the lipid spectrum characteristics in senior patients with different types of heart diseases and psychological features and behavioral personality types of the seniors with cardiovascular pathology. Special attention payed on so-called preventive paradox in men older than 60 years with different forms of CHD, when the inﬂuence of traditional risk factors is critically decreased, and as important prognostic factors low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced APO-A1, an increasing of APO-B/APO-A1 ratio and low physical activity play a signiﬁcant role.
NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY: SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Веселов Ю. В. , Чернов Г. И.
Published: September 2021

Работа принадлежит общей области социологии питания. В ней представлены результаты исследования повседневных практик питания пожилых людей. На основе эмпирического исследования в Санкт-Петербурге и Ленинградской обл. (телефонный опрос 516 респондентов; глубинные интервью) собрана информация по следующим тематическим блокам: приобретение продуктов питания пожилыми людьми, правильное питание, употребление экологически чистых и здоровых продуктов питания, организация питания и вкусы, употребления алкоголя и вредные привычки в питании, диеты и ограничения в питании, физическая активность, посещение предприятий общественного питания, ежедневные меню и гастрономические предпочтения. В рамках дискуссии представлен гастрономический портрет пожилого человека, проведен сравнительный анализ практик питания пожилых людей, молодежи и лиц среднего возраста. Определены основные проблемы в питании пожилых людей, намечены пути их решения.

The paper belongs to the general ﬁeld of nutritional sociology. It presents the data of a study of everyday nutrition practices of older people. Based on an empirical study, held in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast Region (telephone survey of 516 respondents; in-depth interviews), information is given on the following thematic blocks: the purchase of food items by older people; proper nutrition, the consumption of healthy foods; eating out and tastes; alcohol consumption and unhealthy eating habits; diets and dietary restrictions, physical activity; visiting cafes and restaurants; daily menus and gastronomic preferences. As part of the discussion, a gastronomic portrait of an elderly person is presented. A comparative analysis of nutrition practices of the elderly, young people and middle-aged people is held. The main problems in the nutrition of the elderly are identiﬁed; ways to solve them are outlined as well.
FEATURES OF THE CONFLICT ADAPTATION EFFECT IN MILD COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Величковский Б. Б. , Татаринов Д. В. , Хлебникова А. А. , Зиберова А. В. , Рощина И. Ф. , Селезнева Н. Д. , Гаврилова С. И.
Published: September 2021

Эффект адаптации к конфликту в задачах на подавление интерференции (таких как задача Струпа или фланговая задача) заключается в улучшении подавления иррелевантных стимулов после их подавления в предыдущей пробе. На материале фланговой задачи показывается, что когнитивное физиологическое старение сопровождается нулевым эффектом адаптации к конфликту, а мягкое когнитивное снижение - обратным (то есть отрицательным) эффектом адаптации к конфликту. Проведенный анализ времени реакции с помощью диффузионной модели ( drift diffusion model ) показал, что изменения в эффекте адаптации к конфликту у пациентов с мягким когнитивным снижением связаны с отсутствием у них адаптивного ускорения скорости переработки стимулов при наличии дистракторов. Этот результат может свидетельствовать о ригидности системы контроля перцептивных процессов, позволяющих осуществлять стратегическое перераспределение внимания в пожилом возрасте и при патологическом старении. Делается вывод о возможной роли обратного (отрицательного) эффекта адаптации к конфликту как раннего индикатора патологической когнитивной дисфункции.

Conﬂict adaptation effect in interference control tasks (like Stroop task or ﬂanker task) consists in better interference suppression in incongruent trials following an incongruent trial. In a ﬂanker task is shown that in normal cognitive aging there is a null conﬂict adaptation effect and that in mild cognitive impairment there is a reversed (negative) conﬂict adaptation effect. Using the drift diffusion model of reaction time, it is shown that the change in conﬂict adaptation effect in mild cognitive impairment is associated with the absence of adaptive increase in processing speed in the presence of distractors. This can be interpreted as the rigidity of perceptual control mechanisms, which are responsible for strategic distribution of attention in older age and in pathological aging, in particular. The conclusion is drawn that reversed conﬂict adaptation effect may be an early marker of pathological cognitive aging.
PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA TERHADAP PENYEBARAN VIRUS KOMPUTER DENGAN PROBABILITAS KEKEBALAN
Authors: Ersela Zain Neni Nur Laili , Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson
Published: September 2021

The increase in the number of computer viruses can be modeled with a mathematical model of the spread of SEIR type of diseases with immunity probability. This study aims to model the pattern of the spread of computer viruses. The method used in this research is the analytical method with the probability of mathematical immunity. Based on the analysis of the model, two equilibrium points free from disease E1 and endemic equilibrium points E2 were obtained. The existence and local stability of the equilibrium point depends on the basic reproduction number R0. Equilibrium points E1 and E2 tend to be locally stable because R0<1 which means there is no spread of disease. While the numerical simulation results shown that the size of the probability of immunity will affect compartment R and the minimum size of a new computer and the spread of computer viruses will affect compartments S and E on the graph of the simulation results. The conclusion obtained by the immune model SEIR successfully shows that increasing the probability of immunity significantly affects the increase in the number of computer hygiene after being exposed to a virus.
KORELASI PEMAHAMAN MATA KULIAH LOGIKA MATEMATIKA DENGAN SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA
Authors: Harizahayu Harizahayu , Tampubolon Ferdinan Rinaldo
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the use of a free GeoGebra application, where the ability of a GeoGebra software application had the potential to simplify and help the teaching and learning process in the informatics management study program, Medan State Polytechnic. The focus of this research was the incorporation of conventional method-based teaching, namely using the assistance of writing instruments such as pencils, pens, and paper when describing the Venn diagram in mathematical logic courses with the help of the GeoGebra application which made it easier for students to drew circles and determine the slices and combinations on the Venn diagram. The resulted of this study were obtained from the scores of student assignments and the results of interviews conducted online with the number of respondents consisting of 44 students who successfully uploaded assignments through the SIPADI application. The value analysis obtained was compiled into tables then processed using the SPSS application using the pair test and linearity test. Based on the output obtained, it was known that the GeoGebra value obtained the average value of learning outcomes or the mean of 75.9773, while for the average learning outcomes using conventional methods or the mean of 68.9091. The number of respondents or students who took the test amounted to 44 people, Std. Deviation for GeoGebra method was 5.800092 and conventional method was 5.56909, and Std. Error Means. Based on the results of descriptive statistical tests, the average value of the GeoGebra method > conventional method was 75.9773> 68.9091, so descriptively there was an average difference between the GeoGebra method and the conventional method.
تطبيق طريقة سوروكان في تعليم كتب التراث
Authors: Mukminin Amirul , Khoirul Anwar  , Aisyatul Hanun
Published: September 2021

This research started from learning at Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School which since established applying Sorogan Method in some lesson kitab turats, the students and the graduates proved to have the ability to understand the Qur'an and religious books needed in the community, therefore the graduates of Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School have a role in religious field in society, and some graduates have successfully established educational institution, this proves that the study of book in Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School done well, one way learn kitab turats in this Islamic Boarding School using the Sorogan Method. This study aims to know and analyze: 1). the implementation of Sorogan Method in Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School Sundak Rarang East Lombok. 2). the students ability in reading kitab turats by using Sorogan Method at Al-Badriyah Islamic Boarding School Sundak Rarang East Lombok from 2014 until 2017. This research is a case study research using qualitative research approach, that is research which have characteristic that its data is natural phenomenon and oral information. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that: 1). The implementation of the Sorogan method is realized with two ways. (a). One student called to go forward to become readers and mean while other friends listening then explained by teacher, all students get turn to progressing to become a reader and not all students get a turn in a meeting of learning but usually the reader 2 to 3 students because of time limitations, while the student  who have not got a turn at the learning meeting will get a turn in the next week. The students read the book in his study in front of the teachers then on the sidelines of the reading student sometimes he was asked by his teacher about how to read nahwu and sharafnya, after then teacher  give explanation about the discussion at that time. 2). While the ability of students in reading kitab turats with sorogan method is very good and continue to increase because the student continue to get improvements and additional knowledge in reading the kitab turats, but the number of students who follow lesson  in particular lesson kitab turats with sorogan method less.
تأثير استيعاب مادة المطالعة لمهارة الكلام
Authors: Wicaksono Eko Bowo , Alfy Mamduh Nuruddin
Published: September 2021

The research aims  to: (1) Determine the ability of class 3 students Intensive KMI Gontor Campus 2 in mastery of the Muthala'ah Uslub (2) Knowing the ability of Class 3 students Intensive KMI Gontor Campus 2 in speaking ability (3) Knowing whether there is an influence ability in mastery of Uslub Muthala'ah on the speaking ability of grade 3 students Intensive Kulliyatul Mu'allimin Al-Islamiyah Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Campus 2 Siman Madusari Ponorogo, East Java Academic Year: 1440 - 1441 H. This research applied quantitative method. The data collection technique used are (1) Test results, to know the ability of students in class 3 intensive KMI Gontor campus 2 in speaking skill. (2) Documentations, to get data on the value of learning achievement in muthola'ah lessons and the general description about the institutions. The data analysis used product moment correlation with a significance level of 5% or 1% with 73 degrees of freedom (df) 73. According to the analysis, it reveals that (1) mastery of muthola'ah grade 3 students Intensive KMI Gontor campus 2 school year: 1440-1441 is good with a grade of 5.58. (2) speaking ability of students in Intensive Class 3 KMI Gontor campus 2 academic year: 1440-1441 is very good with a score of 7.01. (3) There is a significant influence between mastery of muthola'ah and the speaking ability of grade 3 students Intensive KMI Gontor campus 2 academic year: 1440-1441, this was indicated by a value of 0.851 which was greater than the value of "r" in the table 5% and 1%, namely 0.232 and 0.302.
Efforts Towards Development Planning, Issues and Challenges: An Overview of Nigeria Experience
Authors: Alfakoro Abubakar S Yushau
Published: September 2021

So essential and imperative is national development plans to the success of any nation. If any country desires to attain sustainable economic growth and development, be it developed or developing, it must make plans for its goals and objectives. Since colonial period and after, Nigeria has committed itself on series of national development plans in order to attain sustainable economic growth and development. It is not a denying fact that Nigeria efforts towards development plans have not been achieved and also improves its economic situation. Over time, this has been proved from economic indicators such as increase in rate of unemployment, short life expectancy ratio, lack of infrastructural facilities and absolute poverty as a result of the spillover effect of its development plans to instill results. The main objective of this research work is to overview some of the previous Nigerian development plans and pin-point out the militating factors that serve as deterrent to the achievement of development plans in the country. This research work sourced its materials through secondary sources of materials. However, competent development expert, corruption free society, political leadership, harmonization and efficient resource allocation are part of the remedies or motor for a successful and sustainable national development plans
Enacting Scenario Card-Lesson Study in Pre-service Teacher Education: A Case Study on Indonesian Pre-service Teachers with Disabilities
Authors: Prasetyoningsih Luluk Sri Agus , Tri Laksono Prayitno
Published: September 2021

Pre-service teachers are agents involved in several teaching training before involving in the professional community. The present study was designed to look at the enactment of Scenario Card-Lesson Study (SCLS), a previously developed learning media. A single pre-service teacher with disabilities was voluntarily involved in the project. Data were garnered through multiple video-recorded observations and checklist documentation. Findings suggest that the participant demonstrated contextual practices of classroom teaching using SCLS. Based on the themed-finding, the participant designed the lesson plan effectively, improved classroom teaching skills, and wrote the lesson study report well. In addition, based on our observation session, The participant also engaged fully in student-student discussion and teacher-student interactions. One tangible finding from this study is that the participant appeared autonomous in designing the teaching and learning plans. Suggestions for policymakers, stakeholders, and future researchers in pre-service teacher education are offered in this paper.
Analysis of English Alive Textbook in Terms of Genres and Lexical Density
Authors: Noviyenti Leffi
Published: September 2021

The current study aimed at analyzing an English textbook titled English Alive used by English teachers from some senior high schools in Curup, Bengkulu, Indonesia. The textbook analysis was oriented towards two domains, namely genres and lexical density, by applying a content analysis method. This study revealed that the English Alive textbook had five genres: reading materials in the narrative, report, analytical exposition, spoof, and hortatory exposition. Those genres were embedded in sixteen passages distributed to the entire textbook, and those passages were mapped into ten units. Lexical density measurement indicated that most of the passages were categorized as easy to be comprehended, and a few passages were categorized as too easy to be comprehended. However, text genres in this textbook did not sufficiently conform to the distribution of English reading materials as suggested by the K-13 curriculum. Some reading passages did not seem contributive to students’ English acquisition according to comprehensible input theory and other related findings. Hence, the English Alive textbook could be used in today’s context and needs as supplementary material, but the primary reading materials should be resting upon K-13-driven English textbooks. Strength and weaknesses were also identified from the English Alive textbook. The former could be noted that this textbook adopted the constructivism theory and genre-based approach properly. However, the latter indicated that the provision of genre materials did not entirely conform to essential competencies formulated in the current K-13 curriculum of English education. Further studies could analyze more textbooks to help teachers choose appropriate English textbooks.
Implementation of Role-Playing Games in Overcoming Introverted Children
Authors: Rozi Fathor , Firdausiah Firdausiah
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze and examine the application of role-playing games in overcoming introverted children in early childhood at RA Uswatun Hasanah, Maron, Probolinggo. This research uses a qualitative approach, while the type of research uses case studies. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results showed that the teacher's steps in implementing role-playing games in overcoming the problems of introverted children through; Preparation and Planning Analysis, Role-Playing Engineering, Activity Documentation, Activity Evaluation. This research has implications for the use of role-playing, especially at RA Uswatun Hasanah. Introverted children begin to be able to mingle and even adapt to their friends, albeit slowly.
Isomorphic Learning Model Based on the Qur'an in Early Childhood
Authors: Saihu Made
Published: September 2021

This study discusses the isomorphic learning model based on the Qur'an in early childhood Islamic education. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method which was confirmed by three educators at PIAUD Amanah Bunda Tangerang during December 2019 to February 2020 through deep interviews. Research shows that in applying the isomorphic learning model, educators have several obstacles, namely: lack of parental support, lack of support from the surrounding environment, and lack of ability of educators to explore educational concepts in the Qur'an. Some of these obstacles can be overcome by conducting home visits, educational partners, and upgrading the study of the Qur'an. This study also shows that to foster noble character, it is carried out by introducing moral education, worship education and monotheism education. If associated with the isomorphic learning model, moral education is related to the disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology. While worship education is closely related to the science of health, nutrition and physiology. Finally, monotheism education is related to the science of neuroscience, aiming to optimize the work of the mind to study all of Allah's creations that exist on earth and in the sky. Thus, the isomorphic learning model based on the Qur'an which focuses on aspects of faith and morality as the foundation for early childhood Islamic education becomes an obligation to be implemented.
Technology and Pedagogic Trend of Education Process for Teachers in PGRI Organization
Authors: Fikri Muhammad Rusdil , Rosyidi Unifah , Zulaikha Siti
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the pedagogic concepts related to technology to implement the teacher education process in the PGRI (Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia) organization. Pedagogy in the global era requires a combination of technology for teaching and learning activities. The research method is qualitative through descriptive evaluative. Data collection techniques consist of interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include the reduction process data, data presentation, drawing conclusions and triangulation. The results showed that the PGRI organization had six programs to improve pedagogic competence, namely training, seminars, building partnerships, developing learning media, optimizing subject teacher group associations, and building social awareness. Various programs provide many activities related to pedagogy and technology.