bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUKUM PROGRESIF DAN RELEVANSINYA PADA PENALARAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmad Noor , Hafis Wildan
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Existing law in Indonesia is still largely dominated by the colonial legal heritage through its products are now valid with various modification. To get out of the slump legal situation in Indonesia, then there must be self-liberation from conventional way of working madhhab inherited by positive law with all its doctrines and procedures that completely formal procedural fairness that it gave birth to the formal not substantial justice. This study attempts at discussing the so called progressive law, a legal thought introduced by Satjipto Raharjo. The progressive law perspective emphasizes discovery of law as an effort to explore the community's living values. We hold that this perspective suits the need of Indonesian people. In this study authors want to discuss about understanding of progressive law in Indonesia and the relevance of progressive law with legal reasoning for a Judge. The method used in conducting this research is normative juridical approach which focuses on the research literature or data is called secondary data. The result of this study is expected to bring usability or theoretical contribution in terms of thinking, as a contribution to thought and effort to develop the science of law.

Keywords: Progressive Law, Legal Idealism, Substantie Justice

 

Abstrak

Hukum yang ada di Indonesia sebagian besar masih didominasi oleh warisan hukum kolonial melalui produk-produknya yang sekarang berlaku dengan berbagai modifikasi. Untuk keluar dari situasi hukum yang merosot di Indonesia, maka harus ada pembebasan diri dari cara kerja mazhab konvensional yang diwarisi oleh hukum positif dengan semua doktrin dan prosedurnya yang sepenuhnya memihak keadilan prosedural formal yang melahirkan keadilan formal yang tidak substansial. Studi ini mencoba membahas apa yang disebut hukum progresif, pemikiran hukum yang diperkenalkan oleh Satjipto Raharjo. Perspektif hukum progresif menekankan penemuan hukum sebagai upaya untuk mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai kehidupan masyarakat. Kami berpendapat bahwa perspektif ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin membahas tentang pemahaman hukum progresif di Indonesia dan relevansi hukum progresif dengan alasan hukum untuk Hakim. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif yang berfokus pada literatur atau data penelitian yang disebut data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membawa kegunaan atau kontribusi teoritis dalam hal berpikir, sebagai kontribusi terhadap pemikiran dan upaya untuk mengembangkan ilmu hukum.

Kata Kunci: Hukum Progresif , Idealisme Hukum, Keadilan Substantif
Extraction and thermal characterization of epicuticular wax from Opuntia streptacantha at different stages of maturation
Authors: Moreno de Santiago Karina , Dibildox-Alvarado Elena , Rendón-Huerta Juan Antonio , López Ávila Karla Patricia , Berrospe-Ochoa Edgar Alejando , Morales-Rueda Juan Angel
Published: October 2022

The content of epicuticular waxes on the surface of the cladodes of Opuntia streptacantha and their thermal characteristics based on the stage of maturation of the plant were determined. The moisture content of samples of cladodes from O. streptacantha at different stages of maturation was determined. The ultrastructure of the surface of the cladodes was determined in dehydrated samples employing scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the cladodes contains amorphus particles related to epicuticular waxes in all stages of maturation. The extraction of hydrophobic compounds was carried out through soxhlet. The extracts obtained were thermally characterized utilizing DSC. Results showed no significant differences for the moisture content or hydrophobic compounds, regardless the stage of maturation. The melting temperature was different in young cladodes (1 and 2 years old) than old cladodes (3 and 4 years old); however, these temperatures are similar to thoses waxes with high commercial value, hereby we propose as a new alternative to commercial waxes for different technological applications.
Lebel ng Pangkatauhang Kawilihan ng Teacher Talk sa mga Klase sa Filipino: Basehan sa Pagbuo ng mga Gabay Pampagtuturo (Human Interest Level of Teacher Talk in Filipino Classes: Basis in Developing Teaching Guides)
Authors: Rivera Janet Ferrer
Published: October 2022

This study illustrates the level of human interest of faculty teaching Filipino course. The level of human interest was adapted from the formula of Rudolf Flesch which is the basis of developing a teacher guide. The data were gathered from the video recorded class session of nine (9) faculty from the different campuses of Mariano Marcos State University. The transcribed data was from the video-recorded class session of Filipino faculty. From the transcription, sample pages were determined through counting one hundred (100) words. In a way, the sample pages were the basis to identify the personal words and personal sentences in which these words are the elements in determining the level of human interest. The results indicate that generally, Filipino faculty had highly interesting level of human interest on their teacher talk. In which, the results were the basis to developed a teacher’s guide for those faculty who had lower level of human interest as described as dull or mildly interesting. The researcher developed a teacher’s guide and was evaluated by panel of experts. The result was then accepted as a pattern in developing a guide on the courses that they are going to teach. The used of personal word such as “natin” signify an integrative learned experienced while she teaches. On the other hand, the used of personal sentences on a kind of interrogative or imperative must also have a personal pronoun. This will yield the simplification on the statement or words needed to use by the teacher on the course of teaching. It is recommended to adapt the formula of Flesch which serve as a guide for understanding the level of human interest on the aspect in teaching language. Therefore, the lesson will lead into understanding the concept and students will be more interactive, cooperative and collaborative at the end.
Implementation of the Solid Waste Management Program in Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
Authors: Batara Orlando
Published: October 2022

This descriptive study was conducted to assess the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Program of Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur. The respondents of the study include the members of the municipal councils, barangay council, commercial establishments, other units in LGU, and school heads. The respondents of the study include the municipality council, barangay council, commercial establishments, LGU’s, schools, and household respondents which were clustered into eight (8) districts. A self-administered questionnaire, adapted from the study of Quibilan (2010) was used. Results revealed that the implementers of the SWMP of Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur have a moderate level of administrative capability. Municipal officials, LGU’s, schools, commercial establishments, barangay officials and residents have moderate level of participation. The SWMP is moderately implemented in its various activities. Health and cleanliness and satisfaction of the members are moderately improved. Administrative capability and community participation contributed significantly. The impact of the SWMP is significantly influenced by its level of implementation. It is suggested that personnel, technical and financial aspects should be enhanced to create a greater impact. Participation of the residents should be properly maximized. There should be an intensive information dissemination drive. The municipality should create a well-designed program on health and cleanliness to meet satisfaction of the community. A tie-up with the municipal government in the scheduled collection of garbage should be revived and disposal must be in a well-developed sanitary land-fill. A rigid monitoring of cleanliness and beautification in the barangays should be done. The proposed action plan may be implemented for the improvement of the SWMP of the municipality.
Study on the Immunity Interventions A Deterrent Effect Against Pathogens
Authors: MUHAMMAD ABDUL MANAN  , MARYAM SHERAZI  , AMBER NAEEM  , LAIBA SHAFIQUE
Published: October 2022

The year 2020 is exceptional year in human history and normal activities have almost stopped. That indicates human life will face greater consequences of Pandemics (COVID-19) in future. Few decades back man was not highly dependent on science and technology as today and has become ease oriented that pushing us toward non-healthy lifestyle. Economic challenges, social pressures, and health issues are some of things that might negatively affect our immune system. The cytokine storm was decreased by a large dosage of vitamin C, which also lowered chances of ICU admission and moderate or mild lymphopenia recovery in people who slept well by enhancing immunity mechanisms. Weak immune system is a big threat and life can be miserable if we failed to improve, revive and replenish our immune system. Healthy and active life style can increase immunity which will give us hope to fight with these types of catastrophic conditions.
Effect of Soybean Based Extenders on Milk and Tris Egg Yolk in Tharparkar Bull
Authors: ABDUL SAMAD MEMON  , ASMATULLAH KAKA  , ABDULLAH CHANNO  , MUHAMMAD BAKHSH  , QUDRATULLAH KALWAR  , ABDULLAH SETHAR
Published: October 2022

About 40 (n=10) ejaculates were taken from four Tharparkar Bulls (A, B, C, D) having age of 4-5 years, after the collection, ejaculates were examined for initial evaluation i.e. volume, color, pH, motility, wave motion, viability, morphology, membrane integrity and sperm concentration. Ejaculate having ≥ 70% motility, morphology, membrane integrity and viability were processed and extended into Tris based extender (Control) and Soyabean extender with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15ml concentration of soybean milk. frozen thawed samples were evaluated for motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity. samples diluted in tris extender resulted in48.50±1.2 motility, 65.00±1.5 morphology, 67.25±3.4 viability and 63.75±2.9 membrane integrity. However, In Soyabean based extender at the quantity of9 ml frozen samples improved semen quality parameters 57.75±1.1 motility, 73.00±3.4 morphology, 72.25±0.3 viability and 70.25±1.3 membrane integrity. After lab-based evaluation, samples diluted with Tris and optimized concentration of 9 ml of Soyabean based extender were inseminated into 20 cows (n=10 each group). Pregnancy was followed after 60 days of AI (Artificial Insemination) Semen diluted with Soya bean-based extender resulted in improved conception rate up to 60%. It was concluded that the soyabean based extender improved the cooled and frozen thawed semen quality of Tharparkar bull semen.
Emergence of the ABC Transporter Antibiotic Resistant Gene in Pathogenic Fungi Using In Silico Analysis
Authors: FATIMA ISMAIL  , EQAZA JAVED  , IQRA AHMAD
Published: October 2022

Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette proteins (ATP-ABC) transporters belong to a broad superfamily of proteins in all living organisms that have essential physiological functions. They are necessary for transporting a wide range of substrates across lipid membranes. ABC transport proteins share two conserved domain architectures: the multiple transmembrane helices (TMD) nucleotide binding protein domain (NBD). Fungi have evolved active transport pathways through endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Drug efflux from ABC transporters lowers the concentration of intracellular drugs, in many pathogens and cancer cells; therefore, efflux is subjected to extensive studies in pathogens. ABC transporter gene of aspergillus versicolor as reference and evaluated metadata of ABC transporter gene in comparison from dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi using fungi DB and NCBI databases. ABC transporters gene was studied using gene homology via phylogenetic analysis. Study evaluated ABC transporters sub families, number of transcripts, exon, intron numbers sizes and position using gene sequence analysis by NCBI. The evolutionary history of ABC gene analyzed by using 12 proteins of both dermatophytes. Study also explored the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) homology in dermatophytes using the NCBI SNP tool. ABC protein examined five sub-families which include ABC-B, ABC-C, ABC-D, ABC-F. Phylogenetic studies on ABC transporter genes showed its emergence in three major groups of dermatophytes and non- dermatophyte. Exon number of ABC transporter gene varies from 2 to 18 and one transcript number in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. The evolutionary history of ABC-B was analyzed by using 12 proteins of both dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. ABC genes in dermatophytes were found in five subfamilies ABC-B, ABC-C, ABC-D, ABC-F and ABC-G. However, ABC transporter gene family survey suggested that ABC- C family is a highly emerged sub family in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. Study revealed that ABC protein has been found in five sub-families of ABC transporter gene in dermatophytes. It has one transcript number in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. Whereas, the exon numbers are varied from 2 to 18. Moreover, ABC transporter gene phylogenetic family survey suggested that ABC- C family is highly emerged in both fungal types.
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Perempuan Terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Produktif
Authors: Eryadini Ninies , Ratna Nurdiana , Fitrotun Nufus Alfarucha
Published: October 2022

This study aims 1) to find out how women’s empowerment is carried out in Balai Sakinah Aisyiyah, 2) to determine the effect of women’s empowerment on increasing the productive economy in Balai Sakinah Aisyiyah’s programs (BSA).  Respondents used in the study amounted to 30 membersof Balai Sakinah Aisyiyah.Dta collection methods used in this research are questionnaire and documentationmethods. This research uses a quantitative approach with inferential analysis with a simple linear regression model with the help of SPSS 23. Significance is written by default as 0,05 (5%).  Research result are:1) after participating in coaching The Balai SakinahAisyiyah’s programs, members get useful result, namely the knowledge and the economic aspect. 2) from the analysis, it was obtained that the R square value or the coefficient of determination (KD) was 0,344, which means that women’s empowerment had an effect on increasing the productive economy by 34% and the remaining 66% was influenced by other factors. Sig 0,001 which means that the probability value is smaller than 5%, namely 0,05, identifies that women’s empowerment has an effect on the productive economy.
Strategi Dakwah Ibu Hj. Yusi Repelitawati dalam Memberdayakan Jamaah Majelis Taklim Khoirunnisa di Lamongan
Authors: Khudaifah Cicik , Muthowah Aflachal
Published: October 2022

This study uses qualitative research conducted by the author directly to see the reality of the field directly, with the methods of observation, interviews and documentation. The author's data processing or analysis technique uses descriptive. This study uses the ACTORS theory of empowerment proposed by Sarah Cook and Stave Macaulay which is intended in this study to understand the meaning behind the actions of Mrs. Hj. Yusi Repelitawati related to the empowerment of the Khoirunnisa taklim congregation, Babat Lamongan. As for the results of this study are: first Mrs. Hj. Yusi Repelitawati, who was born into a Christian family, at the age she was an adult, decided to convert to Islam. He was born into a well-to-do family, but he has a principle that he does not want to trouble his parents until he pioneered his career until he became a successful person and was able to establish a business and a taklim assembly. Mrs. Hj. Yusi lives on Jl. Gotong Royong No. 6 Tripe Lamongan. Second, the feeling of wanting to spread the religion of Islam aroused his enthusiasm to preach to the community, his da'wah strategy by building a taklim assembly while empowering his congregation was well received by the surrounding community even though he was a convert. It has been his goal so that many people can study Islam more broadly, he also wants to help the economy of the congregation of the taklim congregation by empowering the congregation of his taklim congregation into his own business.
Collecting, extracting and storing web research survey questionnaires data
Authors: F. Dorneles Carina , N. Mathias Gilney
Published: October 2022

Companies or institutions can use survey questionnaires to evaluate items or products, analyze their employees/customers’ satisfaction or collect any data they consider helpful. Furthermore, questionnaires can be used to collect data that can be used in research studies. Some problems in creating such questionnaires involve: deciding which questions to ask, how to ask them, and how to organize them. Many research communities, especially in the healthcare field, maintain repositories that are publicly accessible and include different questionnaires that help professionals and researchers analyze the results of questions, add new questions, or even point out nonsense questions. In this paper, we describe: (i) web crawler, which scans the Web searching for sites that possibly contain questionnaires; (ii) an extractor, which extracts the questionnaires from the list of pages collected by the crawler and saves them into a relational database; and (iii) the public dataset we have created to persist the questionnaires. The database created can then serve to analyze these data and/or as a centralized base of examples to prepare new questionnaires or reuse existing questions. The experiments we have conducted demonstrate that our crawler has achieved 94,47%, and the extractor has achieved a precision between 90% and 92%.
Cross-collection Dataset of Public Domain Portuguese-language Works
Authors: O. Silva Mariana , Scofield Clarisse , De Melo-Gomes Luiza , M. Moro Mirella
Published: October 2022

Many datasets are published in English to get more engagement, popularity and reach within a research community. Indeed, most sciences are language-agnostic and thrive on publicly available data. However, such a claim is not always valid for Arts, where Literature and Music are two examples of fields that heavily rely on the language of the work. Especially in Literature, combining human expertise with book consumers’ data may generate what is needed to sustain constant changes experienced in the book publishing market. Therefore, we introduce PPORTAL, the first public domain Portuguese-language literature dataset that is composed of a wide variety of book-related metadata. Afterintroducing its building process and content, we present an exploratory data analysis with a quantitative description of its main features. We also show its usability as a resource on different research domains through examples of real-world applications, as well as pointing out other potential applications.
Curating, Enriching and FAIRifying Datasets from the Brazilian COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Ferreira Gonçalves Marcus Vinicius , Santos dos Santos Jamile , Zava Ferreira Caio , Zavaleta Jorge , Manuel Serra da Cruz Sérgio , Oliveira Sampaio Jonice
Published: October 2022

As the world struggles to face the challenges of vaccination against COVID-19, more attention needs to be paid to the issues related to the lack of transparency and accessibility of curated vaccination datasets. Among the strategies to combat COVID-19, vaccination and data-centered epidemiological investigations are the best ones. This paper presents the process of building cured and annotated datasets with provenance metadata. The primary dataset is based on the registration data of the Vaccination Campaign against COVID-19 in Brazil. The dataset contains thousands of records processed up to March 2021. The data were analyzed, treated, cross-checked, and linked with other sources to correct and complement them, resulting in cured datasets and aligned to the FAIR Data principles.
Rede Neural Convolucional e LSTM para Biometria Baseada em EEG no Modo de Identificação
Authors: Freitas Carlos , Silva Pedro , Moreira Gladston , Luz Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Com o avanço da biometria e a necessidade de sistemas de segurança mais robustos, outros tipos de características humanas além das mais utilizadas foram levadas em consideração no desenvolvimento de sistemas biométricos. Uma destas características é o eletroencefalograma (sinais cerebrais). Este trabalho então avalia uma rede neural, cuja arquitetura combina camadas de Redes Neurais Convolucionais e camadas de Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), em um sistema biométrico no modo de identificação, e utiliza os dados dos 109 indivíduos presentes na base de dados EEG Motor Movement/Imagery Dataset. Ao utilizar um tamanho de janela de 12 seg., um resultado estado-da-arte de 99,7% de acurácia foi atingido, provando a eficiência da metodologia aplicada.
Web Scraping na Nuvem AWS: Uma Abordagem com Máquinas Virtuais Burstable
Authors: Pereira Matheus Marotti , Silva Thiago do Prado , Drummond Lúcia Maria de A.
Published: October 2022

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo propor um sistema de Web Scraping, baseado na nuvem computacional da AWS, utilizando as máquinas EC2 burstable. O framework define um cluster misto, com instâncias burstable fixas e temporárias, que pode variar o número de instâncias, adicionando ou removendo VMs, para garantir o SLA das mensagens e minimização dos custos. O framework proposto foi avaliado na nuvem AWS, comparado a uma abordagem apenas com instâncias on-demand não expansíveis e também a outra solução baseada em Function as a Service (FaaS). Os resultados mostraram que todos os testes atendem o SLA definido, alcançando uma redução de 96% de custo financeiro, em seu melhor caso quando comparado à abordagem FaaS, e redução de 95,59%, em seu melhor caso quando comparado à abordagem on-demand. Além disso, houve redução de custos de no mínimo 93,26% em todos os demais casos de teste, mostrando que máquinas burstable podem ser um ótimo recurso para esse problema.
LTMS: Um escalonador NUMA-Aware para STM
Authors: Costa Michael Alexandre , Perlin Tiago , Du Bois André Rauber , Cavalheiro Gerson
Published: October 2022

As transações em sistemas com Memória Transacional são, usualmente, realizadas de forma otimista, de forma a promover a exploração do paralelismo do hardware, mas aumentando a probabilidade de conflitos nos acessos. Neste trabalho é proposta uma estratégia de escalonamento baseada na migração de threads entre núcleos de processamento, apoiada pela observação da localidade de referência de acesso à memória dos threads em execução. Em experimentos realizados com o benchmark STAMP, para a maioria das aplicações, o escalonador proposto produziu menor taxa de aborts e menor tempo de execução em função do agrupamento de threads conforme a possibilidade de conflitos e o custo no acesso à memória.
MapReduce na AWS: Uma Análise de Custos Computacionais Utilizando os Serviços FaaS e IaaS
Authors: Campbell Ronald , Nunes Alan L. , Boeres Cristina , Drummond Lúcia Maria de Assumpção
Published: October 2022

Serviços da nuvem oferecem facilidades computacionais bem estabelecidas. Na busca de eficiência para executar aplicações do tipo MapReduce, que lidam com grandes volumes de dados, baixos custos monetários também são almejados. Para delinear os benefícios de diferentes serviços cloud, realizamos uma análise exploratória dos tempos e custos para a execução de uma aplicação MapReduce na nuvem pública da Amazon, a AWS. A partir de implementações com os frameworks Spark e MARLA sob os serviços EC2 e Lambda, respectivamente, apresentamos os impactos associados às quantidades e tipos de recursos escolhidos. Os resultados sugeriram o ambiente MARLA Lambda como o mais rápido e o Spark EC2 como o mais econômico.
Design Space Exploration of Heterogeneous Systems Applied to the Cloud Resource Allocation Problem
Authors: Arigoni Danillo C. A. , Santos Ricardo Ribeiro dos , Garanhani Liana D. Duenha
Published: October 2022

Cloud computing services providers offer on-demand computing resources to applications. Finding the best cloud resource allocation that fits the users’ budget, meets application performance and constraints are still a research challenge. The cloud resource allocation problem is quite akin to the Design Space Exploration (DSE) problem once they both have to find suitable hardware configurations in an ample design space, having incompatible objectives subject to several constraints. This work presents a solution to the cloud resource allocation problem by applying a design space exploration technique. We have designed and developed a software extension, MultiExplorer-VM, from a DSE tool, MultiExplorer, that has a workflow to provide virtual machine configurations according to the users’ requirements and application constraints. A comprehensive set of experiments has been performed to evaluate and validate the proposed tool. We have also compared solutions from our proposal to other existing research work focused on the cloud resource allocation problem based on the Paramount Interaction (PI) technique. The results show that the MultiExplorer-VM achieves significant (better) results than the PI technique. The cost results brought by the MultiExplorer-VM were up to 8.8 times lower compared to the PI technique. The experiments also reveal that for most of the applications, MultiExplorer-VM achieved the optimal cloud configuration.
ProvDeploy: Explorando Alternativas de Conteinerização com Proveniência para Aplicações Científicas com PAD
Authors: Kunstmann Liliane , Pina Débora , Oliveira Lyncoln S. de , Oliveira Daniel de , Mattoso Marta
Published: October 2022

As aplicações científicas demandam ambientes de Processamento de Alto Desempenho (PAD). Essas aplicações possuem diversos componentes advindos de bibliotecas e diferentes ambientes, tornando a pilha de software a ser gerenciada no momento da implantação e execução nada trivial. Essa complexidade aumenta caso o usuário necessite acoplar serviços de captura de dados de proveniência à sua aplicação. Este artigo apresenta o ProvDeploy para auxiliar o usuário na configuração de contêineres para sua aplicação com captura de proveniência. O ProvDeploy foi avaliado com uma aplicação intensiva em dados da área de Bioinformática, explorando alternativas de conteinerização em dois ambientes de PAD.
Aceleradores com CGRAs para Redes Reguladoras de Genes
Authors: Barros Olavo , Rondow Caio Von , Penha Jeronimo , Canesche Michael , Nacif José Augusto M. , Ferreira Ricardo
Published: October 2022

As redes reguladoras de genes são modelos usados para estudar a evolução e o comportamento celular. Uma rede pode ser representada por um grafo Booleano. Os algoritmos podem explorar paralelismo com a implementação dos grafos em FPGAs, porém devido a alta flexibilidade, o mapeamento para o FPGA pode demorar horas. Uma solução é usar um CGRA específico, que pode reduzir o tempo de mapeamento para poucos segundos, entretanto, esta abordagem gera novos desafios. Primeiro, as redes são grafos livres de escala. Segundo, as métricas de custo são diferentes dos CGRAs usuais. Este trabalho aplica a técnica de mapeamento de Simulated Annealing com novas funções de custo considerando especificidades das redes. Três padrões de interconexão foram avaliados para um conjunto de 21 redes reguladoras da literatura.
Opinião de Brasileiros Sobre a Produtividade no Desenvolvimento de Aplicações Paralelas
Authors: Andrade Gabriella , Griebler Dalvan , Santos Rodrigo , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: October 2022

A partir da popularização das arquiteturas paralelas, surgiram várias interfaces de programação a fim de facilitar a exploração de tais arquiteturas e aumentar a produtividade dos desenvolvedores. Entretanto, desenvolver aplicações paralelas ainda é uma tarefa complexa para desenvolvedores com pouca experiência. Neste trabalho, realizamos uma pesquisa para descobrir a opinião de desenvolvedores de aplicações paralelas sobre os fatores que impedem a produtividade. Nossos resultados mostraram que a experiência dos desenvolvedores é uma das principais razões para a baixa produtividade. Além disso, os resultados indicaram formas para contornar este problema, como melhorar e incentivar o ensino de programação paralela em cursos de graduação.
DyCa: Dynamically Adaptable Cache Bypassing Mechanism
Authors: Carmin Mariana , Santos Paulo Cesar , Alves Marco Antonio Zanata
Published: October 2022

As the number of cores increases, more cores and threads share the Last-Level Cache (LLC), which consumes a large portion of the chip’s total power and area. Therefore, sophisticated solutions must guarantee the best resource usage addressing cache conflicts and cache pollution problems. This work exploits the knowledge that many applications present poor temporal and spatial locality. Thus, an adaptive cache mechanism can benefit such applications, improving general system performance and decreasing energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an online and application-aware predictor to adapt the use of LLC. As a result, DyCa shows up to 22% and 21% performance increases in single and multi-program workloads, respectively.
Desenvolvimento do Montador Velvet Usando OpenACC
Authors: Costa Evaldo B. , Silva Gabriel P.
Published: October 2022

Em bioinformática, existem vários programas disponíveis para análise de sequências de DNA. Esta é geralmente uma tarefa muito demorada, uma vez que essas sequências de DNA podem ser muito longas e complexas. O montador Velvet foi projetado para montar dados de sequenciamento de leitura curta e longa em sequências genômicas mais longas. A última versão do Velvet foi desenvolvida para funcionar com várias threads usando programação paralela com OpenMP. Aqui apresentamos uma nova versão do Velvet que explora multiprocessamento e unidades de processamento gráfico (GPU) por meio de diretivas OpenACC. Nossos testes demonstram que essa extensão do Velvet permite um desempenho mais rápido e uso de memória mais eficiente.
Condorodus n. gen., a new Ordovician conodont genus from Argentina: origin, evolution and dispersal through the western margin of Gondwana
Authors: CARLOROSI Josefina M. T. , MESTRE Ana I. , HEREDIA Susana E.
Published: October 2022

Ordovician conodont collections from several Argentinian basins including the Eastern Cordillera, Famatina and Precordillera allow recognition of a group of conodonts that comprise a new genus here named Condorodus n. gen. Species of this genus have an apparatus composed of six elements recovered so far: Pa, Pb, Sb1, Sb2, Sc and Sd. The differences mainly between the P elements support recognizing three species, from the older to younger: C. diablensis n. gen., n. sp., C. gracielae n. gen., n. sp. and C. chilcaensis n. gen., n. sp., that appeared in the upper Floian (Lower Ordovician) and vanished in middle Darriwilian time (Middle Ordovician). The Eastern Cordillera is here assumed as the place of origin of the Condorodus n. gen. lineage during the late Floian, and then this genus dispersed through the western margin of Gondwana, reaching the Precordillera in the early Darriwilian, from there it could have dispersed to different regions of Gondwana, Perigondwana and Laurentia during the late Darriwilian, and probably give rise to conodont apparatuses of similar morphology in the Late Ordovician.
Manufacturing USA highlights report :
Authors: Brunner Zahraha
Published: October 2022

Manufacturing USA is a network of public-private partnerships united to secure U.S. global leadership in advanced manufacturing through large scale collaboration on technology, supply chain, and workforce development. The network includes the U.S. Departments of Commerce (DOC), Defense (DoD), and Energy (DOE), 16 manufacturing innovation institutes and six other federal partner agencies - NASA, NSF, HHS, and the Departments of Agriculture, Education and Labor. Together, they work towards accomplishing national manufacturing objectives to secure America's future through manufacturing innovation, education, and collaboration. This report provides a summary of the technology innovation and workforce development projects involving the institutes and their 2,300 member organizations during Fiscal Year 2021.
Optimization of the speed breeding system: effects of crop management techniques
Authors: BAYHAN Merve , ÖZKAN Remzi , AKINCI Cuma , ALBAYRAK Önder , YORULMAZ Levent
Published: October 2022

Before a new variety is introduced to the market, it is subjected to a multi-generational breeding process that takes many years. New technologies were needed to shorten this period and increase the effectiveness of breeding programs. One of these new technologies is speed breeding technique. With this technique, 5-6 generations can be taken in a year by using long-term photoperiods to accelerate plant development. In this study, it was aimed to measure the effects of high and low input applications on some agronomic characteristics of durum wheat plant under speed breeding conditions. The research was carried out in a polycarbonate greenhouse with controllable light and temperature in the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in 2021. In the study, Svevo (durum wheat) and Yitpi (bread wheat) varieties were used as plant material. Plants were exposed to 22 hours of light and 2 hours of dark photoperiod in speed breeding conditions. Among the properties examined in both bread and durum wheat, the number of fertile tiller per plant, plant height, number of grains per spike and grain weight were affected by application factors. Increasing the exposure time in terms of the emergence period shortened the vegetation period in plants considerably. Plants were exposed to intense stress due to water restriction applied to plants grown in low-input conditions. For this reason, no spike could be obtained from tillers in plants grown in low-input conditions. High rate of fertilization with irrigation at field capacity significantly increased the plant height and the number of fertile tillers in the plant. The germination rate of seeds obtained from low input conditions is higher than the germination rate of seeds obtained from high input conditions, low input application will contribute to increasing the success of speed breeding programs. Strong correlations were found between earliness and tallness and the number of grains per spike under speed breeding conditions in both bread wheat and durum wheat.
Invasive fungal infections in a paediatric intensive care unit in a lower- middle-income country
Authors: Hlophe S T , Jeena P M , Mahabeer Y , Ajayi O R , Govender N P , Ogunsakin R E , Masekela R
Published: October 2022

Background. Paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are high-risk settings for healthcare-associated infections. Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is one of the common causes of healthcare-associated infections.

Objective. To describe the prevalence and short-term outcomes of children with IFI, and to offer a basis for the efficient prevention and treatment of IFI.

Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in children under the age of 12 years over a two-year period. Participants were categorised according to pre-defined microbiology criteria into IFI if they had a positive culture from blood or other sterile sites. Data collected included demographics, invasive procedures, length of stay and mortality.

Results. One thousand and forty-two children were admitted during the study period. Of the total, 56.8% (n = 592) were male. Median length of stay was 18 days (mean ± SE 18.6±8.9). IFI was identified in 35 cases per 1 000 admissions, with 77.7% of these infants under the age of one year. The mean length of stay was 18.6 days compared with 7.5 days for children with bacterial infections. The in-hospital mortality for invasive fungal infection was 36% compared with 16% for all admissions. Findings confirmed that colonisation was more prevalent than IFI.

Conclusion. IFIs are common among infants, and these patients have a higher mortality rate and prolonged hospital stay. Therefore we recommend early diagnosis and timely treatment with high-performance antifungal drugs to improve the prognosis in children with IFI. Keywords. Healthcare-associated infections, South Africa, neonates, mortality, sepsis.
Leveraging routine data in impact evaluation: Understanding data systems in primary healthcare prior to a matched cluster-randomised evaluation of adherence guidelines in South Africa
Authors: Huber AN , Pascoe S , Fox MP , Murphy J , Mphokojoe M , Gorgens M , Wilson D , Pillay Y , Fraser-Hurt N
Published: October 2022

Background. An essential part of providing high-quality patient care and a means of efficiently conducting research studies relies upon high-quality routinely collected medical information.Objectives. To describe the registers, paper records and databases used in a sample of primary healthcare clinics in South Africa (SA) with the view to conduct an impact evaluation using routine data.Methods. Between October 2015 and December 2015, we collected information on the presence, quality and completeness of registers, clinical stationery and databases at 24 public health facilities in SA. We describe each register and type of clinical stationery we encountered, their primary uses, and the quality of completion. We also mapped the ideal flow of data through a site to better understand how its data collection works.Results. We identified 13 registers (9 standard, 4 non-standard), 5 types of stationery and 4 databases as sources of medical information within a site. Not all clinics used all the standardised registers, and in those that did, registers were kept in various degrees of completeness: a common problem was inconsistent recording of folder numbers. The quality of patient stationery was generally high, with only the chronic patient record being considered of varied quality. The TIER.Net database had high-quality information on key variables, but national identification (ID) number was incompletely captured (42% complete). Very few evaluation sites used electronic data collection systems for conditions other than HIV/AIDS.Conclusion. Registers, databases and clinical stationery were not implemented or completed consistently across the 24 evaluation sites. For those considering using routinely collected data for research and evaluation purposes, we would recommend a thorough review of clinic data collection systems for both quality and completeness before considering them to be a reliable data source.
Training, guideline access and knowledge of antiretroviral interactions: Is the South African private sector being left behind?
Authors: Chisholm BS , Swart AM , Blockman M
Published: October 2022

Background. South Africa (SA) has the largest antiretroviral therapy programme in the world. While the majority of the country accesses healthcare in the public sector, 15.2% access private healthcare. In 2019, dolutegravir was introduced as first-line treatment for HIV. Dolutegravir has clinically significant interactions with numerous commonly used medicines, e.g. rifampicin and cation-containing medicines such as calcium and iron. They require dosage adjustments, detailed in public and private HIV guidelines.Objectives. To describe SA healthcare workers’ guideline access, training and knowledge of dolutegravir’s interactions, focusing ondifferences between the public and private sectors.Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done using an online survey of healthcare workers in the field of HIV in SA, conducted by the National HIV and TB Healthcare Worker Hotline. Convenience sampling was used, with electronic dissemination to users of the hotline and by relevant HIV-focused organisations. Simple descriptive statistics and statistical analyses were used.Results. A total of 1 939 surveys were analysed, with 22% from the private sector. Training on the dolutegravir guidelines was receivedby significantly fewer healthcare workers in the private sector v. the public sector: 42.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 37 - 48) v. 67.5%(95% CI I 65 - 70), respectively. Significantly fewer healthcare workers in the private sector had access to the guidelines (63.8%; 95% CI59 - 69 v. 78.8%; 95% CI 77 - 81). When asked if they were aware that dolutegravir has interactions, just over half (56.9%) of healthcareworkers in the private sector responded ‘yes’, 24.6% responded ‘no’ and 18.5% did not answer. Of those who were aware that dolutegravir has interactions, 48.9% knew that dolutegravir interacts with calcium, 44.6% with iron and 82.0% with rifampicin. Private sector knowledge of dosing changes was lower for all interacting drugs, with the difference only significant for calcium and iron. Private sector healthcare workers reported significantly lower levels of counselling on dolutegravir use in all appropriate situations.Conclusion. Private sector healthcare worker access to HIV training and guidelines requires attention. In a high-burden HIV setting such as SA, it is vital that healthcare workers across all professions, in both the public and private sector, know how to adjust antiretroviral dosing due to clinically significant interactions. Without these adjustments, there is a risk of treatment failure, increased mother-to-child transmission and morbidity and mortality
Autologous whole blood clot and negative-pressure wound therapy in South Africa: A comparison of the cost and social considerations
Authors: Naude L , Balenda G , Lombaard A
Published: October 2022

Background. Advanced wound treatment modalities enhance healing of hard-to-heal wounds, decrease the risk of amputations, andimprove the quality of life of patients. Modalities have different rates of efficacy and incur different social and financial costs to theindividual and the healthcare system. Two such modalities, the autologous whole blood clot (WBC) and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), were compared in the South African (SA) context. The comparison was conducted on hard-to-heal wounds, with a specific focus on diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).Objectives. To compare the social considerations and financial costs of using autologous WBC v. NPWT in the treatment of DFUs in SA.Methods. Data were obtained based on current supply costs from SA suppliers for the two modalities, the standard of care for bothmodalities, the number of applications required for each, and social considerations provided by SA wound management clinicians. Wound healing rates were obtained from the published literature. This information was used to calculate costs of two scenarios (scenario 1: low exudate v. scenario 2: high exudate), which were compared over two treatment durations (4 and 12 weeks) for each treatment modality. Calculations included weekly cost of supplies, total cost saved by a patient with a DFU managed with either of the wound therapies, and the difference in total cost saved between the two modalities. Key social considerations were assessed qualitatively from discussions with SA clinicians experienced in both autologous WBC and NPWT, and from published research.Results. The cost of supplies per week was ZAR3 250 for autologous WBC and ZAR4 804 for NPWT in scenario 1, and ZAR3 332 andZAR6 612 in scenario 2. With healing rates over 4 weeks’ treatment duration of 19% for autologous WBC and 10% for NPWT, autologous WBC saved ZAR17 719.93, or 9% more than using NPWT, in scenario 1 and ZAR18 381.47, or 10% more, in scenario 2. At 12 weeks’ treatment duration, healing rates for autologous WBC and NPWT were 75% and 43%, respectively. In scenario 1, results indicated a 43% cost difference between the two modalities. Autologous WBC had a total cost saving of ZAR61 874.40 compared with NPWT over a period of 12 weeks. In scenario 2, results indicated a 46% cost difference between the two modalities. Autologous WBC had a total cost saving of ZAR70 454.68 compared with NPWT over a period of 12 weeks. One of the identified social considerations is that NPWT needs a reliable supply of electricity to recharge the pump, while autologous WBC does not.Conclusion. Both modalities are safe and effective in treating hard-to-heal wounds of the lower extremities. Autologous WBC consistently demonstrated better outcomes than NPWT in terms of both healing rate and cost-effectiveness, as well as having some advantages in terms of social considerations in SA.
Have we forgotten about HIV?
Authors: Farham Bridget
Published: October 2022

Have we forgotten about HIV?
The individuality of shape asymmetries of the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Chen Yu-Chi , Arnatkevičiūtė Aurina , McTavish Eugene , Pang James C , Chopra Sidhant , Suo Chao , Fornito Alex , Aquino Kevin M ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

Asymmetries of the cerebral cortex are found across diverse phyla and are particularly pronounced in humans, with important implications for brain function and disease. However, many prior studies have confounded asymmetries due to size with those due to shape. Here, we introduce a novel approach to characterize asymmetries of the whole cortical shape, independent of size, across different spatial frequencies using magnetic resonance imaging data in three independent datasets. We find that cortical shape asymmetry is highly individualized and robust, akin to a cortical fingerprint, and identifies individuals more accurately than size-based descriptors, such as cortical thickness and surface area, or measures of inter-regional functional coupling of brain activity. Individual identifiability is optimal at coarse spatial scales (~37 mm wavelength), and shape asymmetries show scale-specific associations with sex and cognition, but not handedness. While unihemispheric cortical shape shows significant heritability at coarse scales (~65 mm wavelength), shape asymmetries are determined primarily by subject-specific environmental effects. Thus, coarse-scale shape asymmetries are highly personalized, sexually dimorphic, linked to individual differences in cognition, and are primarily driven by stochastic environmental influences.
The cardiopharyngeal mesoderm contributes to lymphatic vessel development in mouse
Authors: Maruyama Kazuaki , Miyagawa-Tomita Sachiko , Haneda Yuka , Kida Mayuko , Matsuzaki Fumio , Imanaka-Yoshida Kyoko , Kurihara Hiroki
Published: October 2022

Lymphatic vessels are crucial for tissue homeostasis and immune responses in vertebrates. Recent studies have demonstrated that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) arise from both venous sprouting (lymphangiogenesis) and de novo production from non-venous origins (lymphvasculogenesis), which is similar to blood vessel formation through angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, the contribution of LECs from non-venous origins to lymphatic networks is considered to be relatively small. Here, we identify the Islet1 (Isl1)-expressing cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) as a non-venous origin of craniofacial and cardiac LECs. Genetic lineage tracing with Isl1Cre/+ and Isl1CreERT2/+ mice suggested that a subset of CPM cells gives rise to LECs. These CPM-derived LECs are distinct from venous-derived LECs in terms of their developmental processes and anatomical locations. Later, they form the craniofacial and cardiac lymphatic vascular networks in collaboration with venous-derived LECs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that there are two major sources of LECs, the cardinal vein and the CPM. As the CPM is evolutionarily conserved, these findings may improve our understanding of the evolution of lymphatic vessel development across species. Most importantly, our findings may provide clues to the pathogenesis of lymphatic malformations, which most often develop in the craniofacial and mediastinal regions.