bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic vegetable juice supplement alleviates hyperlipidemia in diet‐induced obese mice and modulates microbial community in continuous colon simulation system
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Mo Sung Joon , Kim Jisoo , Nam Bora , Park Soo‐Dong , Sim Jae‐Jung , Sim Jaehun , Lee Jung‐Lyoul
Published: January 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of organic vegetable juice (OVJ) supplementation on modulating the microbial community, and how its consumption ameliorated blood‐lipid profiles in diet‐induced obese mice. Here, we studied the alleviating effect of hyperlipidemia via animal experiments using diet‐induced obese mice and analyzed the effect of OVJ on the microbial community in continuous colon simulation system. OVJ consumption did not have a significant effect on weight loss but helped reduce the weight of the epididymis fat tissue and adipocytes. Additionally, blood‐lipid profiles, such as triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, were improved in the OVJ‐fed group. Expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis, including SREBP‐1, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS, were significantly decreased. In addition, OVJ treatment significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. OVJ supplement influenced intestinal bacterial composition from phylum to genus level, including decreased Proteobacteria in the ascending colon in the phylum. At the family level, Akkermansia, which are associated with obesity, were significantly augmented in the transverse colon and descending colon compared to the control juice group. In addition, treatment with OVJ affected predicted lipid‐metabolism‐function genes related to lipid synthesis. These results suggest that OVJ supplementation may modulate gut microbial community and reduce the potential symptom of hyperlipidemia in diet‐obese mice.
Valorization of mustard and sesame oilseed cakes for food application through eco‐innovative technologies
Authors: Usman Ifrah , Imran Ali , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Saeed Farhan , Afzaal Muhammad , Sana Saima , Islam Fakhar , Siddiqua Ayesha , Naeem Usman , Islam Saiful
Published: January 2023

Agricultural waste valorization is currently getting attention across the world owing to its environmental impact and rich phytochemistry. The mandate of the current investigation was the extraction and characterization of bioactive moieties from the mustard oilseed cake/meal MOC and sesame oilseed cake/meal SOC through ultrasound extraction (UE) techniques due to its higher yield and less burden on the environment as compared to conventional extraction (CE). Purposely, the MOC and SOC were initially subjected to compositional analysis. Thereafter, bioactive moieties were extracted by using different solvents, that is, ethanol and distilled water, and by applying conventional and ultrasonic extraction techniques. The outcomes indicated that among the techniques, ultrasound exhibited the highest results, and in solvents, ethanol performed better. The treatment extracted with ethanol with UE at 10 min showed the best result for total phenolic contents (TPC) as (6.07 ± 0.03 09 g GAE/100 g MOC) and (7.09 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g SOC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.3 ± 1.9 TE/100 g MOC) & (72.68 ± 1.9 TE/100 g SOC), and FRAP was recorded as (2.83 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g MOC) & (3.56 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g SOC). The higher antioxidant potential showed that the mustard and sesame waste holds significant therapeutic potential owing to its rich antioxidant profile and thus should be utilized for the development of functional products against lifestyle‐related disorders. In conclusion, ultrasound is a better technique for maximum as well as accurate extraction, with ethanol exhibiting as a better solvent for this process with more yields as compared to distilled water.
Women's health across the life course and opportunities for improvement: Every woman, every time, everywhere
Authors: Conry Jeanne A.
Published: January 2023

Synopsis

Emphasizing preventive health care across a woman's lifespan should improve health and decrease the chances of developing chronic medical diseases. The cornerstone to these recommendations is lifestyle choices.
Extending maternal nutrition to the neonate: The value of initiation and exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Kihara Anne‐Beatrice
Published: January 2023

Synopsis

Retaining the mother–neonatal dyad with initiation, exclusive, and continuation of breastfeeding provides an opportunity for both their survival and long‐term benefits.
Pregnancy as an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus: FIGO Best Practice Advice
Authors: Adam Sumaiya , McIntyre Harold David , Tsoi Kit Ying , Kapur Anil , Ma Ronald C. , Dias Stephanie , Okong Pius , Hod Moshe , Poon Liona C. , Smith Graeme N. , Bergman Lina , Algurjia Esraa , O'Brien Patrick , Medina Virna P. , Maxwell Cynthia V. , Regan Lesley , Rosser Mary L. , Jacobsson Bo , Hanson Mark A. , O'Reilly Sharleen L. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. ,   the FIGO Committee on the Impact of Pregnancy on Long‐term Health and the FIGO Division of Maternal and Newborn Health
Published: January 2023

Gestational diabetes (GDM) impacts approximately 17 million pregnancies worldwide. Women with a history of GDM have an 8–10‐fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a 2‐fold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with women without prior GDM. Although it is possible to prevent and/or delay progression of GDM to type 2 diabetes, this is not widely undertaken. Considering the increasing global rates of type 2 diabetes and CVD in women, it is essential to utilize pregnancy as an opportunity to identify women at risk and initiate preventive intervention. This article reviews existing clinical guidelines for postpartum identification and management of women with previous GDM and identifies key recommendations for the prevention and/or delayed progression to type 2 diabetes for global clinical practice.
Effect of one‐to‐one versus group counseling on uptake of postpartum contraception in selected hospitals in Ghana: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Asah‐Opoku Kwaku , Mumuni Kareem , Ameme Donne Kofi , Mohammed Abdul Gafaru , Samba Ali , Nkyekyer Kobinah
Published: January 2023

Objective

To compare the effect of one provider to one client counseling and one provider to a group client counseling on the uptake of postpartum contraception.

Methods

This was a hospital‐based prospective cohort study among women attending a postpartum clinic at Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital and Greater Accra Regional Hospital. Postpartum mothers were recruited daily from April 1, 2017 to November 28, 2017. Mothers from this cohort that used a contraceptive method within a year postpartum were determined at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after recruitment. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

Results

Of 982 women surveyed, contraceptive uptake among women who received one‐to‐one counseling was 306/600 (51.0%) and that for women who received group counseling was 48/382 (12.6%) (P < 0.001). Factors associated with contraceptive uptake during postpartum period were: one‐to‐one counseling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.94–10.07), mothers' age (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.98), being single (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35–0.85), cohabiting (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.69), and previous use of contraception (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.12–2.15).

Conclusion

One‐to‐one counseling was associated with a significantly greater uptake of contraception during the postpartum period compared with group counseling. Other factors associated with uptake were age, marital status, and history of contraceptive use.
Current developments of ambulatory pharmaceutical care in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Arab Omaima O. , Alshaya Omar A. , Almeleebia Tahani M. , Shorog Eman M. , Alzuman Sitah , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Alsalman Khaled J. , AlRuwaisan Rana A. , Alzahrani Wed , Omaer Abubker , Aldosari Fahad
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The evolving specialty of ambulatory care pharmacy practice under the clinical pharmacy profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has blossomed recently. It has provided patient‐centered care in multiple areas such as medication therapy management, anticoagulation, diabetes management, and immunization that advanced over the past two decades. In light of the Saudi Vision 2030, the ambulatory care pharmacy practice awaits tremendous opportunities with expected challenges that require consequential efforts and vigilant planning by clinical pharmacists and concerned governmental and non‐governmental bodies.

Objectives

Describe the current and future development of ambulatory care pharmacy services in KSA and propose a scheme for collaborative practice agreement (CPA).

Methods

This is a review written by a group of experts under the umbrella of the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (SSCP) to propose a structured strategy for building an ambulatory care pharmacy practice in KSA, describe the currently available services and training requirements, and suggest a scheme for CPA.

Results and Conclusion

The experts' vision support the ambulatory care pharmacy practice in KSA, recommends a framework and constructed elements for a unified and comprehensive CPA in the region. It emphasizes on the training and set requirements for pharmacists to be eligible to provide ambulatory care clinical pharmacy services in a defined care setting.
Mild and efficient regioselective surfactant catalyzed deacylation of lipophilic 5‐substituted 4‐acyl‐2‐(acylamino)‐Δ2‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolines
Authors: Yıldırım Ayhan
Published: January 2023

The most common transport route of biologically active compounds or drugs involves the absorption of the respective compounds across cell membranes via passive diffusion. In this context, biologically active compounds must have sufficient lipophilic character for their penetration through cell membranes. On the other hand, it is a very important task to be able to derivatize the existing compounds with effective and practical transformations to increase their biological activities. Accordingly, the free amino group in the structures of thiadiazolines can be functionalized and their biological activities can be further improved. In the present study, for the first time, several novel lipophilic 5‐substituted 4‐acyl‐2‐(acylamino)‐Δ2‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolines as potential biologically active agents were synthesized and selectively deacylated with the assistance of urotropin based cationic surfactant to afford the corresponding 5‐substituted 4‐acyl‐2‐amino‐Δ2‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolines with moderate to good isolated yields. The surfactant catalyzed eco‐friendly method developed in this study greatly facilitated the regioselective deacylation of the thiadiazoline ring system at the N2 position.
A multilevel study of social networks and collective reactions to organizational change
Authors: Pallotti Francesca , Mascia Daniele , Giorgio Luca
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the micro‐level dynamics underlying macro‐level associations between organizational change and its outcomes, focusing in particular on the role of networks in shaping individual reactions to change. Drawing upon multilevel research on situational and individual antecedents of change, we first argue that the magnitude of change at the unit level has a nonlinear effect on change recipients' tendency to resist change, which in turn influences their adaptive behaviors. We argue, further, that the attitudinal and structural composition of the professional networks in which change recipients are embedded account for differences in their adaptive behaviors. Finally, we argue that individual adaptivity coalesces at the collective, that is, unit level, and predicts the attainment of desired change goals. We find general support for our arguments in a longitudinal study using multi‐source data on 170 physicians in 29 units of a large hospital that experienced a major restructuring intervention. Results confirm that multilevel mechanisms involving individuals and their social context fundamentally undergird macro‐level outcomes of change. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of bringing a network perspective to bear on issues of individual and collective reactions to organizational change.
Characterizing temperature and precipitation multi‐variate biases in 12 and 2.2 km UK Climate Projections
Authors: Garry Freya K. , Bernie Dan J.
Published: January 2023

Many impactful weather and climate events include two or more variables (like temperature or precipitation) having high or low values (e.g., hot dry summers). Understanding biases in the relationship between modelled variables is important for characterizing uncertainties in the risks associated with compound events. We present a framework for evaluating the relationships between different variables (multi‐variate bias). We illustrate our approach with UK temperature and precipitation, using HadUK‐Grid observations and two model ensembles (12 and 2.2 km horizontal resolution) of the HadGEM3 regional model used in UK Climate Projections both forced with the same driving conditions. There are distinct regional patterns in the biases of both the Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of linear regression between temperature and precipitation in both resolutions, for example, large areas of positive biases in the Pearson correlation coefficients across the United Kingdom in winter, and negative biases across most of England in summer. We combine the Pearson correlation coefficients and bias in the coefficient of linear regression into a combined metric and consider regions where either the bias in the coefficient of linear regression or the bias in Pearson correlation coefficient is significantly dominant over the other. By considering only days with similar North Atlantic driving conditions using Met Office Weather Patterns we can identify regions with significant differences between the two model resolutions that are attributable to the difference in model resolution and structural design. The root mean square error (RMSE) of correlation bias across the United Kingdom is reduced in the 2.2 km compared to the 12 km model data in each season except summer where it is broadly similar. For Weather Pattern 2 (North Atlantic Oscillation positive) days the RMSE for correlation coefficient and the coefficient of linear regression is twice as large than for all conditions.
Prediction abilities of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal models for regional rainstorm processes in South China
Authors: Li Xianru , Wei Zhigang , Ma Li
Published: January 2023

Based on the daily precipitation data and the forecast data from subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) models, the prediction abilities of four S2S models for regional rainstorm processes are assessed. The results show that: Compared with the observations, the precipitation amounts that predicted by CMA, KMA, NCEP and UKMO models are lower. If the rainfall area is more concentrated and the precipitation amounts are greater, the biases are larger. When the lead times are greater than 15 days, the models cannot predict the occurrences of regional rainstorms. Among the four models, NCEP and UKMO models have better prediction abilities. NCEP model can make real‐time forecast four times a day and initial time forecast results at 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC are different. Compared with an initial time forecast, average of four initial time forecast results is closer to the observed values. The less precipitation predicted by NCEP, CMA, KMA and UKMO models may result of the underestimate of cyclonic circulation convergence intensity and water vapour flux amounts.
Comparative assessment of two portable Raman spectrometers for the characterisation of historical natural dye lakes
Authors: Bottura‐Scardina Silvia , Vandenabeele Peter , Miguel Catarina , Candeias António
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the use of portable Raman instruments to characterise natural dye lakes in paint mixtures, as an alternative approach to other Raman techniques (e.g. SERS). Raman spectroscopy has indeed been used extensively to study natural dyes as pure substances or as artistic pigments (dye lakes). However, the examination of these compounds with Raman spectroscopy is particularly challenging because of a strong fluorescence, a relatively weak Raman signal and their occurrence at low concentrations in artefacts. Because of these challenges, the typical way of analysing these materials is through either surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or Fourier‐transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy, yet those approaches are not always desirable in art analysis, especially as they often require micro‐sampling. Therefore, this study explores the potential of using commercial mobile instruments, which would open the possibilities for direct in situ analysis. Two dispersive instruments, one using a fibre‐optic probe and a 1064‐nm excitation laser and the other using the subtracted‐shifted excitation (SSE) post‐processing algorithm, have been tested in their feasibility to characterise dye lakes. Raman spectra were acquired from a set of laboratory reproductions of paint mixtures prepared with a chosen set of common lakes, three red (brazilwood, cochineal and madder) and one yellow (weld), mixed with natural proteinaceous and polysaccharide binders. The feasibility has been evaluated, and it is shown that these lakes produce a detectable Raman signal, in spite of the strong interference of the painting support (parchment) and that the two instruments provide significantly different information.
Pickering emulsion stabilized by casein–caffeic acid covalent nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Bingyan , Wang Yunping , Lu Rongrong
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the design of food‐grade Pickering emulsion delivery systems has become an effective strategy for improving the low bioavailability of bioactive substances. Protein‐based Pickering emulsions have received extensive attention because of a high biocompatibility and loading capacity. The bioavailability of active substances is mainly evaluated by simulating in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. As a model organism for antioxidation and anti‐aging, Caenorhabditis elegans can provide additional biological information for the in vivo utilization of active substances.

RESULTS

After the introduction of caffeic acid, the average particle size and Zeta potential of the casein–caffeic acid covalent complex nanoparticles (CCP) were 171.11 nm and − 37.73 mV, respectively. The three‐phase contact angle was also increased to 89.8°. By using CCP to stabilize Pickering emulsion (CCE), the retention quantity of the embedded curcumin increased by 2.19‐fold after 28 days. In the simulated gastric digestion, curcumin degradation in CCE was reduced by 61.84%, released slowly in the intestinal environment, and the final bioaccessibility was increased by 1.90‐fold. In C. elegans, CCE significantly reduced ROS accumulation, increased SOD activity by 2.01‐fold and CAT activity by 2.30‐fold, decreased MDA content by 36.76%, prolonging the lifespan of nematodes by 13.33% under H2O2 stimulation and improving bioavailability in vivo.

CONCLUSION

The results indictae that CCP‐stabilized Pickering emulsion can efficiently implement the physiological activities of bioactive compounds in vitro digestion and C. elegans, and thus it can be regarded as a reliable delivery system for food and medicine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mutational profiles and prognostic impact in colorectal and high‐grade appendiceal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastases
Authors: Morgan Ryan B. , Dhiman Ankit , Sood Divya , Ong Cecilia T. , Wu Xiaoyang , Shergill Ardaman , Polite Blase , Turaga Kiran K. , Eng Oliver S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) personalizes cancer treatments. In this study, we analyze outcomes based on NGS testing for colorectal cancer (CRC) and high‐grade appendiceal adenocarcinoma (HGA) with peritoneal metastases.

Methods

Retrospective review of genomic analyses and outcomes in patients with CRC or HGA with peritoneal metastases at a high‐volume center from 2012 to 2019.

Results

Ninety‐two patients (57 CRC, 35 HGA) were identified. Overall survival was longer for CRC (52.8 vs. 30.5 months, p = 0.03), though rates of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) were similar. Multiple genes were more frequently mutated in CRC, including KRAS (51% vs. 29%, p = 0.04), TP53 (47% vs. 20%, p < 0.01), and APC (46% vs. 6%, p < 0.01). For CRC, multivariate regression showed an increased hazard ratio (HR) with increasing peritoneal cancer index (1.06 [1.01–1.11], p = 0.02) and a decreased HR following CRS/HIPEC (0.30 [0.11–0.80], p = 0.02). PIK3CA mutation associated with significantly increased HR (3.62 [1.06–12.41], p = 0.04), though only in non‐CRS/HIPEC patients. Multivariate analysis in the HGA group showed a benefit following CRS/HIPEC (0.18 [0.06–0.61], p = 0.01) and for mucinous disease (0.38 [0.15–0.96], p = 0.04), while there was an increased HR with TP53 mutation (6.89 [2.12–22.44], p < 0.01).

Conclusion

CRC and HGA with peritoneal spread have distinct mutational profiles. PIK3CA and TP53 mutations are associated with survival for CRC or HGA with peritoneal metastases, respectively.
Semi‐supervised medical image segmentation via cross‐guidance and feature‐level consistency dual regularization schemes
Authors: Yang Xiaosu , Tian Jiya , Wan Yaping , Chen Mingzhi , Chen Lingna , Chen Junxi
Published: January 2023

Background

Semi‐supervised learning is becoming an effective solution for medical image segmentation because of the lack of a large amount of labeled data.

Purpose

Consistency‐based strategy is widely used in semi‐supervised learning. However, it is still a challenging problem because of the coupling of CNN‐based isomorphic models. In this study, we propose a new semi‐supervised medical image segmentation network (DRS‐Net) based on a dual‐regularization scheme to address this challenge.

Methods

The proposed model consists of a CNN and a multidecoder hybrid Transformer, which adopts two regularization schemes to extract more generalized representations for unlabeled data. Considering the difference in learning paradigm, we introduce the cross‐guidance between CNN and hybrid Transformer, which uses the pseudo label output from one model to supervise the other model better to excavate valid representations from unlabeled data. In addition, we use feature‐level consistency regularization to effectively improve the feature extraction performance. We apply different perturbations to the feature maps output from the hybrid Transformer encoder and keep an invariance of the predictions to enhance the encoder's representations.

Results

We have extensively evaluated our approach on three typical medical image datasets, including CT slices from Spleen, MRI slices from the Heart, and FM Nuclei. We compare DRS‐Net with state‐of‐the‐art methods, and experiment results show that DRS‐Net performs better on the Spleen dataset, where the dice similarity coefficient increased by about 3.5%. The experimental results on the Heart and Nuclei datasets show that DRS‐Net also improves the segmentation effect of the two datasets.

Conclusions

The proposed DRS‐Net enhances the segmentation performance of the datasets with three different medical modalities, where the dual‐regularization scheme extracts more generalized representations and solves the overfitting problem.
Demand information acquisition strategy in a dual channel supply chain
Authors: Chen Jing , Pun Hubert , Zhang Qiao
Published: January 2023

This article examines the information acquisition strategy of a dual‐channel supply chain, in which a manufacturer sells a product both through a retailer and through its own direct channel. Either the manufacturer or the retailer can acquire demand information from a third‐party marketing research company. The manufacturer first decides whether or not to acquire such information, and then the retailer decides whether or not to acquire information. This setup implies a signaling game (either the manufacturer or the retailer may have private demand information) with an endogenous information structure. We identify conditions under which neither of the firms will acquire demand information, even when the cost of implementation is negligible. We also show that information acquisition can have a negative impact on the retailer, the supply chain, customers, and society. The manufacturer who acquires information always prefers to share information with the retailer, which benefits the retailer. The retailer who acquires information, however, may not want to share information with the manufacturer. The managerial insight of our paper is that firms that have more accurate demand data must develop strategies for the appropriate use of that information, both in their own planning and within the context of their dual‐channel supply chain.
Integrated intravoxel incoherent motion tensor and diffusion tensor brain MRI in a single fast acquisition
Authors: Dietrich Olaf , Cai Mengfei , Tuladhar Anil Man , Jacob Mina A. , Drenthen Gerald S. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Marques José P. , Topalis Johanna , Ingrisch Michael , Ricke Jens , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik , Duering Marco , Backes Walter H.
Published: January 2023

The acquisition of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) data and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the brain can be integrated into a single measurement, which offers the possibility to determine orientation‐dependent (tensorial) perfusion parameters in addition to established IVIM and DTI parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of such a protocol with a clinically feasible scan time below 6 min and to use a model‐selection approach to find a set of DTI and IVIM tensor parameters that most adequately describes the acquired data. Diffusion‐weighted images of the brain were acquired at 3 T in 20 elderly participants with cerebral small vessel disease using a multiband echoplanar imaging sequence with 15 b‐values between 0 and 1000 s/mm2 and six non‐collinear diffusion gradient directions for each b‐value. Seven different IVIM‐diffusion models with 4 to 14 parameters were implemented, which modeled diffusion and pseudo‐diffusion as scalar or tensor quantities. The models were compared with respect to their fitting performance based on the goodness of fit (sum of squared fit residuals, chi2) and their Akaike weights (calculated from the corrected Akaike information criterion). Lowest chi2 values were found using the model with the largest number of model parameters. However, significantly highest Akaike weights indicating the most appropriate models for the acquired data were found with a nine‐parameter IVIM–DTI model (with isotropic perfusion modeling) in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), and with an 11‐parameter model (IVIM–DTI with additional pseudo‐diffusion anisotropy) in white matter with hyperintensities (WMH) and in gray matter (GM). The latter model allowed for the additional calculation of the fractional anisotropy of the pseudo‐diffusion tensor (with a median value of 0.45 in NAWM, 0.23 in WMH, and 0.36 in GM), which is not accessible with the usually performed IVIM acquisitions based on three orthogonal diffusion‐gradient directions.
Relationship between daily work connectivity behavior after hours and work–leisure conflict: Role of psychological detachment and segmentation preference
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Zihui , Shi Wendian
Published: January 2023

Work–leisure conflict (WLC) can have a series of negative effects on individuals. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of communication equipment, does individuals' use of communication equipment to handle work during nonworking hours lead to WLC? Previous studies have failed to discuss this relationship. Therefore, based on boundary theory, this study explored the possible effect of work connectivity behavior after hours (WCBAH) on WLC as well as the roles played by psychological detachment and individual segmentation preferences in this relationship. In this study, 82 employees were investigated via daily diary research for a period of 5 continuous working days, and a multilevel model was developed. The results indicated that daily WCBAH is positively related to WLC and that psychological detachment plays a mediating role in this relationship. Individual segmentation preferences can significantly moderate not only the relationship between WCBAH and psychological detachment but also the indirect effect of WCBAH on WLC via psychological detachment. This study increases our understanding of boundary theory and provides management suggestions regarding ways of reducing WLC.
Charge and Spin Transports Through a Normal Lead Coupled to an S‐Wave Superconductor and Majorana Fermions
Authors: Zou Wei-Ke , Li Nuo-Wei , Chong Fa-Li
Published: January 2023

Charge and spin transports through a normal lead coupled to an s‐wave superconductor and Majorana fermions at the ends of the nanowire are investigated using the Green's function method. In the limit of the superconducting gap , the analytical expressions of charge conductance and spin conductance are obtained at zero temperature. For different values of coupling constant x between the normal lead and s‐wave superconductor, the impacts of Majorana fermions coupling energy ε
m, temperature kT, and superconducting gap Δ on charge conductance and spin conductance are discussed. As x increases, changes from peak to valley and then to peak at bias
ε
m. The conductance of peaks and valleys is equal to quantum conductance , which corresponds to Majorana fermions. Moreover, decreases as x increases. For , the charge (spin) conductance of peaks and valleys cannot reach
π
. These results can help probe and understand Majorana fermions in experiments.
Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12‐month, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Matsuzaki Kentaro , Hossain Shahdat , Wakatsuki Harumi , Tanabe Yoko , Ohno Miho , Kato Setsushi , Shido Osamu , Hashimoto Michio
Published: January 2023

Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effect of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), a rich source of α‐linoleic acid (LNA), on human bone have not yet been elucidated. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial investigated the effects of long‐term PO intake on bone health in Japanese adults. After screening for eligibility, 52 participants (mean age 54.2 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 25) and PO (n = 27) groups, which received 7.0 ml of olive oil and PO daily, respectively. At baseline and 12‐month, quantitative ultrasound of the right calcaneus was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer and percentage of the Young Adult Mean (%YAM) was calculated. Serum levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated. In addition, PUFA levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane (RBC‐PM), serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROM) were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, %YAM levels increased and serum TRACP‐5b levels decreased significantly in the PO group at 12‐month, while serum BALP levels remained unchanged. Moreover, RBC‐PM LNA levels and BAP/d‐ROM ratios increased significantly in the PO compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that long‐term PO intake may improve age‐related BMD decline by suppressing bone resorption and increasing LNA levels.
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy for Studying Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Ghanam Jamal , Chetty Venkatesh Kumar , Zhu Xingfu , Liu Xiaomin , Gelléri Márton , Barthel Lennart , Reinhardt Dirk , Cremer Christoph , Thakur Basant Kumar
Published: January 2023

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are 30–200 nm nanovesicles enriched with unique cargoes of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. sEVs are released by all cell types and have emerged as a critical mediator of cell‐to‐cell communication. Although many studies have dealt with the role of sEVs in health and disease, the exact mechanism of sEVs biogenesis and uptake remain unexplored due to the lack of suitable imaging technologies. For sEVs functional studies, imaging has long relied on conventional fluorescence microscopy that has only 200–300 nm resolution, thereby generating blurred images. To break this resolution limit, recent developments in super‐resolution microscopy techniques, specifically single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), expanded the understanding of subcellular details at the few nanometer level. SMLM success relies on the use of appropriate fluorophores with excellent blinking properties. In this review, the basic principle of SMLM is highlighted and the state of the art of SMLM use in sEV biology is summarized. Next, how SMLM techniques implemented for cell imaging can be translated to sEV imaging is discussed by applying different labeling strategies to study sEV biogenesis and their biomolecular interaction with the distant recipient cells.
Recent Advances in Ferroelectric‐Enhanced Low‐Dimensional Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Ahsan , Xie Haowei , Qi Lu , Jiang Wei‐Chao , Zeng Yu‐Jia
Published: January 2023

Ferroelectric (FE) materials, including BiFeO3, P(VDF‐TrFE), and CuInP2S6, are a type of dielectric material with a unique, spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by applying an external electric field. The combination of FE and low‐dimensional materials produces synergies, sparking significant research interest in solar cells, photodetectors (PDs), nonvolatile memory, and so on. The fundamental aspects of FE materials, including the origin of FE polarization, extrinsic FE materials, and FE polarization quantification are first discussed. Next, the state‐of‐the‐art of FE‐based optoelectronic devices is focused. How FE materials affect the energy band of channel materials and how device structures influence PD performance are also summarized. Finally, the future directions of this rapidly growing field are discussed.
A Spiky Silver‐Iron Oxide Nanoparticle for Highly Efficient Targeted Photothermal Therapy and Multimodal Imaging of Thrombosis
Authors: Vazquez‐Prada Karla X. , Moonshi Shehzahdi S. , Wu Yuao , Akther Fahima , Tse Brian W.C. , Sokolowski Kamil A. , Peter Karlheinz , Wang Xiaowei , Xu Gordon , Ta Hang Thu
Published: January 2023

Thrombosis and its complications are responsible for 30% of annual deaths. Limitations of methods for diagnosing and treating thrombosis highlight the need for improvements. Agents that provide simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic activities (theranostics) are paramount for an accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment. In this study, silver‐iron oxide nanoparticles (AgIONPs) are developed for highly efficient targeted photothermal therapy and imaging of thrombosis. Small iron oxide nanoparticles are employed as seeding agents for the generation of a new class of spiky silver nanoparticles with strong absorbance in the near‐infrared range. The AgIONPs are biofunctionalized with binding ligands for targeting thrombi. Photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging demonstrate the highly specific binding of AgIONPs to the thrombus when functionalized with a single chain antibody targeting activated platelets. Photothermal thrombolysis in vivo shows an increase in the temperature of thrombi and a full restoration of blood flow for targeted group but not in the non‐targeted group. Thrombolysis from targeted groups is significantly improved (p < 0.0001) in comparison to the standard thrombolytic used in the clinic. Assays show no apparent side effects of AgIONPs. Altogether, this work suggests that AgIONPs are potential theranostic agents for thrombosis.
Catalyst‐Accelerated Circular Cascaded DNA Circuits: Simpler Design, Faster Speed, Higher Gain
Authors: Wang Jiaoli , Fu Xiaoxiao , Liu Shiyuan , Liu Ruiting , Li Jing , Wang Kemin , Huang Jin
Published: January 2023

DNA cascaded circuits have great potential in detecting low abundance molecules in complex biological environment due to their powerful signal amplification capability and nonenzymatic feature. However, the problem of the cascaded circuits is that the design is relatively complex and the kinetics is slow. Herein, a new design paradigm called catalyst‐accelerated circular cascaded circuits is proposed, where the catalyst inlet is implanted and the reaction speed can be adjusted by the catalyst concentration. This new design is very simple and only requires three hairpin probes. Meanwhile, the results of a series of studies demonstrate that the reaction speed can be accelerated and the sensitivity can be also improved. Moreover, endogenous mRNA can also be used as a catalyst to drive the circuits to amplify the detection of target miRNA in live cells and in mice. These catalyst‐accelerated circular cascaded circuits can substantially expand the toolbox for intracellular low abundance molecular detection.
Construction of Bimetallic Heterojunction Based on Porous Engineering for High Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Gong Shen‐Gen , Li Yan‐Fei , Su Yang , Li Bing , Yang Guo‐Duo , Wu Xing‐Long , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Li Yunfeng
Published: January 2023

It remains a great challenge to design and manufacture battery‐type supercapacitors with satisfactory flexibility, appropriate mechanical property, and high energy density under high power density. Herein, a concept of porous engineering is proposed to simply prepare two‐layered bimetallic heterojunction with porous structures. This concept is successfully applied in fabrication of flexible electrode based on CuO‐Co(OH)2 lamella on Cu‐plated carbon cloth (named as CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2). The unique structure brings the electrode a high specific capacity of 3620 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 and appropriate mechanical properties with Young's modulus of 302.0 MPa. Density functional theory calculations show that porous heterojunction provides a higher intensity of electron state density near the Fermi level (E–Ef = 0 eV), leading to a highly conductive CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2 electrode with both efficient charge transport and rapid ion diffusion. Notably, the supercapacitor assembled from CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2//CC@AC shows high energy density of 127.7 W h kg−1 at 750.0 W kg−1, remarkable cycling performance (95.53% capacity maintaining after 10 000 cycles), and desired mechanical flexibility. The methodology and results in this work will accelerate the transformative developments of flexible energy storage devices in practical applications.
Diagnosis of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm by High‐Performance Serum Metabolic Fingerprints
Authors: Su Jiabin , Cao Jing , Yang Heng , Xu Wei , Liu Wanshan , Wang Ruimin , Huang Yida , Wu Jiao , Gao Xinjie , Weng Ruiyuan , Pu Jun , Liu Ning , Gu Yuxiang , Qian Kun , Ni Wei
Published: January 2023

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is a high‐risk cerebrovascular saccular dilatation, the effective medical management of which depends on high‐performance diagnosis. However, most UIAs are diagnosed incidentally during neurovascular imaging modalities, which are time‐consuming and harmful (e.g., radiation). Serum metabolic fingerprints is a promising alternative for early diagnosis of UIA. Here, nanoparticle enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry is applied to obtain high‐performance UIA‐specific serum metabolic fingerprints. Diagnostic performance with an area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) of 0.842 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.783‐0.891) is achieved by the constructed machine learning (ML) model, including ML algorithm selection and feature selection. Lactate, glutamine, homoarginine, and 3‐methylglutaconic acid are identified as the metabolic biomarker panel, which showed satisfactory diagnosis (AUC of 0.812, 95% CI: 0.727‐0.897) and effective growth risk assessment (p<0.05, two‐tailed t‐test) of UIAs. This work aims to promote the diagnostics of UIAs and metabolic biomarker screening for medical management.
Ionic Liquids as Organocatalysts and Solvents for Lignocellulose Reactions
Authors: Suzuki Shiori , Takahashi Kenji
Published: January 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) are the only media that can allow the homogeneous organocatalytic reactions of lignocellulosic biomass (lignocellulose), since the designability of their cations and anions offers the dual functions of solubility and catalytic activity. This review provides an account of our recent achievements in the organocatalytic approaches for converting lignocellulose into polymer materials based on the principles of IL design that we have originally established. These methodologies include the simple and mild chemical modification of cellulose and lignin under high conversions, with high selectivity, and/or with efficient atom economy. Similar reactions and subsequent fractionation processes are applied to lignocellulose, and a highly productive reaction system is developed using a twin‐screw extruder that is specific to the IL media.
Circ‐N4BP2L2 enhances mitochondrial function in non‐small cell lung cancer cells through regulating the miR‐135a‐5p/ARL5B axis
Authors: Shi Hongyang , Ji Yuqiang , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Yu , Li Wei
Published: January 2023

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main histological subtype of lung cancer with a high incidence and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert vital functions in various cancers by acting as a sponge of miRNAs to abolish their inhibitory effect on target genes. This study aims to explore the biological function of circRNA NEDD4 binding protein 2 like 2 (circ‐N4BP2L2) in NSCLC. We found that circ‐N4BP2L2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells by using RT‐qPCR. A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA‐circN4BP2L2 or sh‐circN4BP2L2 to obtain circN4BP2L2‐overexpressed or ‐silenced cells, and then cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were determined. The results showed that knockdown of circ‐N4BP2L2 repressed cell proliferation, invasion as well as mitochondrial function, and promoted cell apoptosis; while overexpression of circ‐N4BP2L2 resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistically, the targeting correlations between miR‐135a‐5p and circ‐N4BP2L2 or ADP‐ribosylation factorlike 5B (ARL5B) were confirmed by using dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, we found that circ‐N4BP2L2 could promote the expression of ARL5B by serving as a sponge of miR‐135a‐5p. Moreover, rescue assays revealed that silencing miR‐135a‐5p or overexpressing ARL5B was able to abate the effects of circ‐N4BP2L2 knockdown on malignant phenotypes and mitochondrial function of A549 cells. Finally, tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that circ‐N4BP2L2 facilitated NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, circ‐N4BP2L2 enhanced NSCLC progression via the miR‐135a‐5p/ARL5B axis, which may provide a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC.
Meta‐QTL analysis and in‐silico transcriptome assessment for controlling chlorophyll traits in common wheat
Authors: Guo Kaiqi , Chen Tao , Zhang Peipei , Liu Yuan , Che Zhuo , Shahinnia Fahimeh , Yang Delong
Published: January 2023

Chlorophyll is an important plant molecule for absorbing light and transferring electrons to produce energy for photosynthesis, which has a significant impact on crop yield. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling chlorophyll traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 411 original QTLs for six chlorophyll traits was performed, including the evolution of soil plant analysis development (SPAD), chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll a content (Chla), chlorophyll b content (Chlb), chlorophyll content (Chl), and ratio of chlorophyll a to b (Chla/b), derived from 41 independent experiments conducted over the past two decades. Fifty‐six consensus meta‐QTLs (MQTLs) were detected, unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5D, 6A, 6D, 7B, and 7D. The confidence interval (CI) of the identified MQTLs was 0.18 to 15.07 cM, with an average of 5.74 cM, and 3.17‐times narrower than that of the original QTLs. A total of 30 MQTLs were aligned with marker‐trait associations (MTAs) reported in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for chlorophyll traits in wheat. Based on MQTL‐flanking marker information and homology analyses combined with RNA‐seq data, 136 putative candidate genes were identified in MQTL regions, involved in porphyrin metabolism, photosynthesis, terpene biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and secondary metabolites. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis for controlling chlorophyll traits and can be used in breeding wheat with high photosynthetic efficiency.
Effects of multiple ecological factors on the body mass of small rodents in a forest ecosystem
Authors: Lee Jae‐Kang , Eom Tae‐Kyung , Lee Dong‐Ho , Ko Hyeongyu , Rhim Shin‐Jae
Published: January 2023

The body mass of animals is directly or indirectly affected by multiple ecological factors. However, the effects of ecological factors on the body mass are controversial, and a comprehensive study dealing diverse ecological factors is rare. This study was performed to determine the effects of ecological factors on the body mass of small rodents in a natural deciduous forest located on Mt Gariwang, Pyeongchang and Jeongseon, South Korea from May 2019 to October 2020. We classified ecological factors into topographic, climatic, cover and demographic factors. Three forest‐dwelling small rodent species, striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius, Korean field mouse A. peninsulae and red‐backed vole Myodes regulus, were captured using the capture–mark–recapture method. The findings showed that the body mass of three rodent species was not regulated by topographic factors. In addition, a high ambient temperature resulted in a heavy body mass for A. agrarius and A. peninsulae, and the A. agrarius body mass was negatively affected by extreme rainfall. The body mass of each rodent species had a specific response to the cover factors: ground vegetation, understory vegetation or downed trees. The three species showed sexual dimorphism and two Apodemus species competed each other. This study reveals that ecological factors affecting body mass differ among species. Our findings contribute to enhancing the understanding of variation in the body mass of animals, particularly small rodents, in response to diverse ecological factors.
Correction to: Direct Reprogramming of Adult Human Cardiac Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes Using miRcombo
Authors: Paoletti Camilla , Divieto Carla , Chiono Valeria
Published: January 2023

This chapter was previously published as non-Open Access. Under the request of the authors the chapter is now converted to Open Access and is available as Open Access under a CC BY 4.0 license.