bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of clinical studies on rajonivrutti avastha with special reference to menopausal syndrome
Authors: Yadav Rachana , Dei Laxmipriya
Published: December 2020

Menopausal symptoms are alarming call to more sincere attention to elderly women’s health. As lifespan is increased with developed medical facilities, women are living around 30 years in postmenopausal state with all the complaints of menopause and geriasis. In Ayurveda, menopause is depicted as “jarapakwa avastha” and rajonivrutti. Rajonivrutti janya laksana is a group of symptoms produced by degenerative changes in the body. Degenerative changes are dhatukshaya lakshana in Ayurveda. Vata dosha is dominant in the vridhha stage of life. Symptoms in menopausal phase like insomnia, anxiety, urinary symptoms, and osteoporotic changes are due to dominance of vata dosha. Along with that pitta dosha symptoms like hot flushes, irritability, etc are seen, during this phase. Thus, review and compilation of the work done at institute for post graduate teaching and research in ayurveda, Jamnagar on the topic was done to help future researchers to fulfil the lacunae and develop standard ayurvedic treatment protocol. The research work conducted on rajonivrutti avastha and its vyapada were collected and reviewed from Ayurvedic research data base, Jamnagar, Jamnagar Central Library and Department of Prasuti tantra and Stree roga, Jamnagar. Total 15 research works were conducted. Drugs having rasayana, deepana, pachana, medhya, balya, vayasthapana properties help in dhatukshaya janya lakshana pacification, vata- pitta doshhar, shrotoshodhana, and the process of formation of dhatu is benefited and ultimately resulting into delay aging process and related compilations. Menopausal syndrome can be well managed by ayurvedic treatment.
Slow vital capacity
Authors: Singh Shruti , Khan Sara Z. , Patel Bhakti , Gumpeni Rammohan , Verma Sameer , Talwar Arunabh
Published: December 2020

Forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC) are non-invasive tests of respiratory function. Although FVC has been extensively studied and is used in most PFT (pulmonary function test) labs, SVC can also be used in clinical practice as it is a more comfortable and convenient test to perform. SVC-based diagnostic criteria can lead to earlier detection of obstructive lung disease. In contrast to FVC, SVC is less affected by respiratory muscle fatigue, airflow patency, expiratory muscle weakness and air leakage making it an appropriate test of respiratory function in patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neuromuscular disorders. As respiratory insufficiency is the major cause of mortality in ALS patients, regular SVC measurement provides the respiratory functional status, so that early treatment can be started which improves the survival and quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of considering SVC in clinical practice.
A study on knowledge and practices regarding mosquito borne diseases in Rithala village, New Delhi
Authors: Setu Yachna , Sulania Anika , Singh Satyavir
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite various continuous efforts by the government, mosquito borne diseases (MBDs) like dengue and malaria are still a public health problem. Awareness and knowledge about the risk of mosquito bite and source reduction can prevent the transmission of these diseases. The present study was done to assess the awareness of rural population about MBDs and preventive measures against mosquito bite and personal preventive measures (PPMs) taken by them. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge about Mosquito borne diseases and to identify the utilization pattern of personal preventive measures for mosquito control.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among adult rural population of Rithala village, New Delhi by systematic random sampling and were interviewed by using semi-structured, pretested and predesigned questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 22.

Results: It was observed that 92.21% (188/204) of study participants were aware of mosquito borne diseases and majority were aware of dengue i.e., 87.25% (178/204). The most common source of information about mosquito borne diseases was television 60.78% (124/204). One or the other PPMs were used by 86.76% (177/204) and most commonly used PPMs was liquid vaporizers i.e., 43.13% (88/204).

Conclusions: There is a gap between knowledge of MBDs and use of PPMs so there is a need to educate rural population about all MBDs, their different mosquito breeding site and other less common methods of PPMs.
Magnitude of HIV testing and socio demographic factors associated with it among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Eleni Tesfaye , Tessema Mekibib Kassa , Tegegne Kaleab Tesfaye
Published: December 2020

Background: Survey data in Sub-Saharan African countries in the 2005 to 2010 period showed that only 10% men and 15% women aged 15 to 24 years were aware of their human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. This study aims to assess: magnitude of HIV testing, and socio demographic factors associated with it among adults age 15-49 years.

Methods: Demographic and health surveys in 2016, in Ethiopia were analyzed in SPSS, using multivariate logistic regression. We used HIV testing as the outcome variable using the recommended definition by Ethiopia demographic and health survey (EDHS) 2016. Descriptive statistics were employed to show the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics.  

Results: Of the total sample of 27289 of men and women 15-49 years at the time of survey, 19.4% (n=5295) have been tested for HIV in the past 12 months and received the results of the last test. Men and women in the 15-19 age group 9.952 (AOR 9.95295% CI 6.156-16.091) and men and women age 15-49 years in urban areas (AOR 34.040; 95% CI: 21.028-55.105) were found significant predictors of HIV testing.

Conclusions: HIV testing among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia was low. Age and place of residence were found significant predictors of HIV testing there remain a high proportion of undiagnosed HIV-infected persons and for the Ethiopian government there is a need for innovative strategies aimed at increasing HIV-testing, particularly for rural areas and those beyond adolescent age.
Identification of ground water recharge potential zones by using remote sensing and geographic information system
Authors: Harish Ballu , Haseena Mahammad
Published: December 2020

Background: The ground water is the most precious and important resource around the world and is decreasing day by day. In connection, there is a need to bound the potential groundwater zones. The geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques have become important tools to locate groundwater potential zones.

Methods: This research has been carried out to identify ground water potential zones in Nuthankal Mandal with help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. In order to evaluate the ground water potential zones, different thematic maps such as geology, slope, soil, drainage density map, land use and land cover and surface water bodies i.e., lakes and other using remotely-sensed data as well as toposheets and secondary data, collected from concern department. The prepared layers are further used for mapping and identification of ground water potential zones.

Results: In this study ground water potential zones are demarked with the help of composite maps, which are generated using GIS tools. The accurate information to obtain the parameters that can be considered for identifying the ground water potential zone such as geology, slope, drainage density and lineament density are generated using the satellite data and survey of India (SOI) Topo-sheets, the groundwater potential zones are classified into five categories like very poor, poor, moderate, good & very good. The use of suggested methodology is demonstrated for a selected study area in Nuthankal Mandal.

Conclusions: This groundwater potential information was also used for identification of suitable locations for extraction of water.
Acquired heart diseases in children in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital, Gadarif state, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Massaad Samia O. , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed A. , Mustafa Afra M. , Elgaili Salah Sami Eldirdiri , Omar Saeed M. , Babiker Rabie A. , Mahjoub Amar Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Background: Acquired heart diseases (AHD) are heterogeneous diseases including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and other affecting the heart and blood vessels after birth but usually appear clinically after 5 years of age. AHD considered as major cause of   morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to document the spectrum, the affected age and clinical characteristics of AHDs in children of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross section study conducted in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital in period from June to Dec 2019.

Results: A total of 46 children from Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital with confirmed AHD were enrolled in this study. The females were 27 (58.7%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 10.6±3.9 years (age’s ≤16 years old); the most common affected age group was 10-14 years accounted 18 (39.1) cases. RHD was the commonest AHD found in 38 (82.6%) patients, the commonest valvular lesion was mitral regurgitation 31 (73.9%).

Conclusions: RHD was the most common AHD in the children in the present study, there is need to improve the scope of intervention facilities in the Sudan particularly in rural areas to prevent the growing and spread of these diseases.
Public’s view on myths related to COVID-19: a web-based cross-sectional study in Nepal
Authors: Sarraf Deeependra Prasad , Keswhar Shashi , Gupta Pramendra Prasad
Published: December 2020

Background: The global pandemic COVID-19 has created havoc. Various myths prevail among public that hamper them from adopting evidence based preventive measures to minimize the spread of COVID-19 and to seek timely health advice. The aim of the study was to find out the public’s view on myths related to COVID-19 in educated Nepalese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based online survey was conducted in educated public in Nepal during May, 2020. A self-designed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables and 21 myths was prepared using Google forms via docs.google.com/forms. The responses were recorded on a 3-point scale (agree, disagree, do not know). The Google form link was sent to the study participants via the social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp and Viber. Descriptive statistics mean, frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 22.  

Results: Out of 270, 33.7%, 33.3% and 37% participants agreed that eating lemon, turmeric and garlic prevents us from COVID-19 respectively. Thirty seven percent participants believed that spraying bleach or disinfectant into our body will protect us against COVID-19. The overall view of participants toward the myths related to COVID-19 was ‘agree’ (17.3%), ‘disagree’ (59.2%) and ‘don’t know’ (23.5%).

Conclusions: Myths regarding COVID-19 prevailed among majority of the participants in this study. There is an urgent need to educate the public regarding various preventive approaches for COVID-19 issues. Media and government agencies have a vital role in creating awareness to adopt evidence-based facts.
Postcholecystectomy syndrome: a case report
Authors: Krishna Kumar Dhakchinamoorthi , Pavitha P. Leena , Prukruthi Ramachandran , Tabassum Fathima , Bellja J. B. Shalam , Madhumathi Hanumakonda
Published: December 2020

The term postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) refers to varied signs and symptoms attributed to patients on cholecystectomy for the surgical management of symptomatic gallstone disease. This complication occurs as a result of a pathological condition of the gallbladder or attribution of several symptoms. PCS affects about 10-15% of the patients. The management and treatment of PCS associated symptoms are depending on the specific diagnosis and may include pharmacological or surgical management. In the present case, a 74-year-old man undergone for laparoscopic cholecystectomy admitted with complaints of loose stools for several times with other complications (anaemia, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and also reported known case of trigeminal neuralgia). The present case report added insight information on PCS and its therapeutic management.

 
Bushmeat and zoonoses threats warrant need for national zoonoses combat inter-disciplinary research partnership, evolving citizen science and policy ban of trade and consumption
Authors: Thomas Ansu
Published: December 2020

“We must find them before they find us” said Dr.Shi, Bat Virologist”. Indian bat species diversity stands 127 ssp and China 147 bat ssp. Indian publications online (2000-2020), searching “bat”, “Chiroptera”, “India”, retrieved results viz., 191 (Elsevier); 27 (Scopus) and 0 (Wiley). For China, 594 publications exist (2000-2017)2; Himalayan cave bat biodiversity is not systematized, average annual deforestation rate, from 2000 to 2014 being 0.5% (Bhutan, Nepal) but 1.3% in India, China. “Dilution effect”, so-called “negative diversity–disease”, says ‘biodiversity losses promote disease transmission’. Protecting natural areas from human incursion reduces zoonotic disease spillover. Emergence of bat coronavirus represents recent viral explosion reaction to declining biodiversity. Meta-analysis of 143 hunting studies from India showed 114 mammal species but bat-hunting data absent.
Functional outcome following open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures with locking compression plate
Authors: M. Mohamed Nishad , Shakeeb K. U. Mohamed , A. J. Gijo
Published: December 2020

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common upper extremity fractures representing break in humerus bone. Incidences of PHFs increased in last few years due to life style changes and increased road accidents. Appropriate management strategy for PHFs is still uncertain. The aim of current study is to assess the functional outcome following open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using locking compression plates.

Methods: Current study is a descriptive investigation conducted on 31 PHFs patients admitted to baby memorial hospital, calicut, between January 2013 to June 2014. Surgical management of PHFs was done by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plates and functional outcomes and complications of the employed treatment modality were investigated.

Results: PHFs were observed to be common in 41-60 years age group, with 65% males being affected. Road accidents and domestic falls were observed to be the most common causes of PHFs in younger and elderly populations respectively. Three parts PHFs were observed to be more prevalent, followed by two and four parts fractures. Results of current study revealed that majority of PHFs united by 8-10 weeks duration with 22.58% cases with excellent and 41.93%, 16.12% and 19.35% cases with good, moderate and poor constant and Murley score respectively. Two patients reported post-operative complication of shoulder stiffness, while one patient each reported plate impingement, varus maluion, infection and varus malunion with intraarticular screw cut-out.  

Conclusions: Locking compression plates (PHILOS/PHLP) is an efficient treatment modality for proximal humerus fractures allowing early mobilization and good functional outcome.
Fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly in a sub-Saharan country
Authors: Mebouinz Ferdinand N. , Diouf Joseph D. , Sane Jean C. , Diao Souleymane , Kasse Amadou , S. Mouhammadou Habib
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, radiographic and therapeutic profile of the fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly in a sub-Saharan country.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out at the orthopedic trauma department of Idrissa Pouye Hospital in Senegal. Sixty-six patients recruited were aged at least 90 years; and treated for proximal femur fracture between 2008 and 2017.

Results: The median age of the patients was 91 years (90-107). Females represented 54.5%. The fracture was located in the right 65.2%. Femoral neck fractures were 53% predominant with 94.3% type IV according to Garden’s classification. Concerning the 31 patients with a pertrochanteric fractures, 61.3% were stable and 38.7% unstable. The time taken for seeking hospital care was an average of 5.8±9.7 days. All patients had a preoperative anesthesic score less than 4 according to the American society of anesthesiologists (ASA). The therapeutic indication was functional in 15.1% of cases, surgical by internal fixation in 39.2% and by arthroplasty in 45.7% of cases. Pertrochanteric fractures were managed by a dynamic hip screw (DHS) in 68.2% and by gamma nail in 18.2%. Femoral neck fractures were managed by Moore's arthroplasty in 93.3% and by bipolar hip prothesis (BHP) in 6.7%.

Conclusions: Fractures of the proximal femur represent a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For patients above 90 years, the management remains essentially surgical by internal fixation in pertrochanteric fractures or by arthroplasty in cervical fractures.
Comparative analysis between locking compression plate and Joshi's external stabilization system in the management of proximal tibial fractures
Authors: Dwivedi Amit , Sharma Anupinder , Ashta Vaibhav , Nairobi Robium , Nandi Sunandan
Published: December 2020

Background: Proximal tibial fractures present with a variety of patterns. They are mostly treated using plate osteosynthesis or Joshi's external stabilization system (JESS) depending upon the injury configuration and surgeon preference. We have compared the efficacy of plate fixation to JESS in the treatment of complex proximal tibial fractures.

Methods: 36 patients of proximal tibial fractures with a mean age of 47 years were included in the study, 20 were treated using plate osteosynthesis while the other 16 were treated using JESS, they were followed up at regular intervals till 24 weeks and the progress was recorded in accordance with the knee society score (KSS) parameters

Results: 20 patients were treated using plate osteosynthesis, 18 of them had excellent KSS scores, 2 patients recorded good scores, average range of flexion was 126o, no incidences of superficial or deep infections were seen in any of them. Bone consolidation was achieved around 12 weeks in plate fixation group of the16 patients treated using JESS, 12 had excellent scores, 4 recorded a good score, average range of flexion was 118o, superficial infection was seen in 2 patients, with no incidence of deep infection. Bone consolidation was achieved around 16 weeks in JESS group.

Conclusions: Both open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plating and JESS appear to be adequate fixation methods for complex proximal tibial fractures, but as per our study plate fixation resulted in earlier bone consolidation and gave a slightly better functional outcome compared to JESS.
Type-III supracondylar humerus fracture: functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation after failed closed reduction
Authors: P. Shobha H. , K. Vishwas , K. Lingaraju , Kumar Giridhar
Published: December 2020

Background: To evaluate results of open reduction and internal fixation with Criss cross k-wires after failed closed reduction in Gartland type III Supracondylar fracture of humerus in our institution.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Krishna Rajendra hospital affiliated to the orthopaedic department of Mysore medical college and research institute from December 2018 to December 2019. Twenty-five patients of type-III fracture of supracondylar humerus were included within the study. Consent was obtained from all patients. Under anaesthesia, closed reduction was attempted first. When 2-3 attempts of closed reduction failed, an open reduction and internal fixation with cross k-wires was performed. Fortnightly follow up was applied for the first 8 weeks then monthly for the next 4 months. The clinical outcome was evaluated using Flynn criteria.

Results: Out of 25 patients, 16 were male and 9 were female. Left side was involved in 17 patients and right side in 8. Mean age was 6.9 years with age range from 3 to 12 years. Excellent or good results were obtained in 23 (92%) patients and fair or poor in 2 (8%). 

Conclusions: We conclude that these fractures must be managed aggressively, by a specialised surgeon. Open reduction and internal fixation of severely displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus is a safe and effective method when a satisfactory reduction can't be obtained by 2-3 attempts on closed method.
An assessment of the functional outcomes of patients undergoing early exercise physiotherapy following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the double-row suture bridge technique
Authors: Dias Nixon K. , Sera Rakesh
Published: December 2020

Background: The methods of repairing rotator cuff tear are single-row technique, traditional double-row technique and suture-bridge technique. Studies have shown that the arthroscopic suture-bridge technique improved the pressurized contact area between the tendon and footprint. Controversy exists regarding the influence of early versus delayed motion on stiffness and healing rate after cuff repair. Early motion rehabilitation increases range of motion after cuff repair, although risk of re-tear is higher compared to immobilization. This study evaluated the functional outcomes in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the suture-bridge technique followed by an early exercise physiotherapy regime.

Methods: The study was a prospective and retrospective analysis of patients treated arthroscopically for rotator cuff tears in Hosmat hospital, Bangalore. 30 patients who had only a supraspinatus/infraspinatus tear were included in the study. The functional outcome was assessed by two scoring systems, UCLA and ASES scores. Post operatively, patients were immobilized for 3 weeks only. They were followed up at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and at 6 months.

Results: Our study had 20 patients reporting a good outcome, whereas 9 patients had a fair outcome. Only 1 patient reported a poor outcome. The mean ASES scores improved from 20.43 to 77.87 whereas the UCLA score improved from 10.03 to 27.93. None had re-tears.
Conclusions: The arthroscopic suture-bridge technique resulted in acceptable patient satisfaction and functional outcome as 67% of our patients had a “good” outcome. Early ROM exercise accelerated recovery from postoperative stiffness for patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. 
Paediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures managed by k-wire fixation, should the wires be buried or left exposed: a dilemma
Authors: Choudhary Nitin , Gupta Sanjeev , Mahajan Neeraj , Mahajan Rahul , Saharan Amar
Published: December 2020

Background: Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus in children are common injuries. If displaced or unstable they may require surgical reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires). These may be passed through the skin and left exposed or buried subcutaneously.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in department of orthopaedics at my college from January 2019 to March 2020.  A total number of 37 subjects were included in the study.

Results: Patients were followed for a period of 3 months and results were drawn on basis of union, infection, carrying angle at the elbow, and range of motion (ROM) which was assessed by clinico-radiological means.

Conclusions: Buried wire group has shown better union rate than exposed group, wires could be removed under local anaesthesia thereby avoiding any major procedure and also the risk of infection is low making this a better option than the exposed cohort.
The variability of sagittal spino-pelvic mobility in Indian population
Authors: N. Sukesh A. , Varughese Jacob , Thomas Appu B. , Theruvil Bipin
Published: December 2020

Background: Abnormal spino-pelvic mobility is increasingly recognized as a leading cause for hip instability following arthroplasty.

Methods: We studied the lateral spino-pelvic radiographs of 90 patients, with no spine/hip pathology in standing and sitting positions. We measured the change in sacral slope and grouped them into three spino-pelvic patterns.

Results: We found that 50% of study subjects had normal spino-pelvic mobility. The remaining 50% were either hypermobile (24%) or stiff (26%). The stiff spines were either fixed (11%) or hypomobile (15%).

Conclusions: Our study shows that in a normal population without any prior hip/spine pathology a significant percentage (50%) have abnormal spino-pelvic mobility. The significance of spinal stiffness in younger age group need to be looked further to make any changes in acetabular cup placement during hip replacement.
Assessment of the outcome of fracture intertrochanteric femur treated by trochanteric fixation nail in the elderly population
Authors: Tyagi Vipin , Kakran Rahul , Dwivedi Amit , Shah Fenil
Published: December 2020

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures femur in elderly population are more commonly forbidden high morbidity. The surgical stabilization together with early rehabilitation is the main challenge. The elderly population have poor bone mass quality and also the chances of complications like nonunion or implant failure are more with conventional procedures. Stable fixation and early rehabilitation is the main aim in intertrochanteric fractures. The aim is to assess the functional outcome of intertrochanteric fractures femur managed by trochanteric fixation nail (TFN) in the elderly population.

Methods: The study includes 40 patients, 30 male and 10 female, with fracture intertrochanteric femur treated with TFN from September 2018 to May 2019 at Yashoda Superspeciality Hospital, Nehrunagar, Ghaziabad. The patients were evaluated at 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively and assessed by the Modified Harris hip score. Classification used is AO classification.

Results: The mean age of patients was 64 years. The mean duration of surgery was 48±10 min. The Harris hip score was 96.90±4.60, which is better than scores from other implants used for intertrochanteric fractures femur.

Conclusions: In this study, we conclude that TFN is a good choice in managing the intertrochanteric fractures, having higher bone union rate and less union time. The period of immobilization is decreased, early weight bearing and less complications.
A rare case report of type IV capitellum fracture in a young female managed by a single Herbert screw fixation
Authors: David Vivek Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , . Chittra
Published: December 2020

Isolated coronal shear fractures of capitellum are very rare, accounting for nearly 1% of all elbow fractures. There are various approaches and implants documented for management of such fractures. One of them is lateral Kocher’s approach and Herbert screw fixation. Our case report is strengthening this approach and Herbert screw fixation and shows good short term functional outcome along with radiological union.

 
Uncommon presentation of a ganglionic cyst: a case study of intra muscular ganglion cyst of rectus femoris
Authors: Singh Rithika , Kumar P. Mohan , Gavaskar B. , Praveena E.
Published: December 2020

Ganglionic cyst most commonly occurs in hand and wrist. When it presents in uncommon location like in lower limb, it causes a diagnostic dilemma. One such case is ours, an uncommon presentation of intra muscular cystic ganglion of rectus femoris. Due to its unlikely presentation in rectus femoris, diagnosis and management was delayed. A 12 years old boy presented with complaints of pain and swelling over left lower limb in suprapatellar region. On radiographic and ultrasound examination, swelling was found to be cystic lesion in rectus femoris. Histopathological examination of biopsied specimen was found to be intra muscular ganglion cyst of rectus femoris. The patient’s general condition improved with betterment in laboratory parameters, resolution of the lesion, without any sequelae, no residual deformity and excellent clinical outcome. To consider cystic ganglion as differential diagnosis, along with intra muscular myxoma, lipoma and synovial cyst in patients with lower limb intra muscular swelling.
formas narrativas del populismo: un método de indagación
Authors: Patrouilleau María Mercedes
Published: December 2020

El artículo propone un método para analizar los discursos populistas, con énfasis en la dimensión narrativa: el Análisis Narrativo por Capas. Este se construyó integrando teorías posestructuralistas, conceptos de la narratología, de la teoría literaria y el aporte del Análisis Causal por Capas (Inayatullah, 1998). El método se apoya en premisas narratológicas, que establecen las capas de análisis sobre: la secuencia narrativa, el cronotopos, los mitos y las voces narrativas, desde las cuales es posible analizar una diversidad de corpus discursivos y se aportan nuevos elementos para la comprensión de las experiencias populistas en América Latina.
Civil Procedure Relations: Issues of Theory
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University PhD (Law), Kuznetsov Evgeniy N.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of civil procedural legal relations. The article analyzes the Soviet and Russian approaches to the essence of procedural legal relations, the features of the scientific analysis of civil procedural legal relations in the German doctrine. The composition, object, subjects and content of civil procedural legal relations are determined.
Efficient Verification Proceedings in a Civil and Arbitration Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Ural State Law University PhD (Law), Kurochkin Sergey A.
Published: December 2020

Judicial instances are the factors of key importance in ensuring the effectiveness of court protection, an important condition for the effective implementation of the right to correct a judicial error, and minimize the costs of civil litigation. What is the role of appeal and cassation in ensuring the efficiency of Russian civil procedure at the present stage? Do verification procedures need to be rationalized at a fourth level? The answers to these questions are offered.
The Cross-Complaint Procedure as a Result of Law Making of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Research Scientist of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation (ILCL), Fokin Evgeniy A.
Published: December 2020

The subject of research is critical analysis of legal position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the need to go through the pre-claim procedure when filing a counterclaim. The reason for the analysis was the adoption on July 22, 2020 by the Presidium of the Russian Supreme Court of the Review of the practice of application by commercial courts of the provisions of procedural legislation on mandatory pre-trial claim. Point 17 of this document enshrined as a general rule the obligation of the defendant to file a pre-trial claim upon filing a counterclaim. The article shows the inexpediency and absence of any clear grounds for such an approach. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the nature of the pre-trial claim and the nature of the counterclaim are incompatible. Those exceptions were also criticized for which, according to the instructions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, a counter-claim procedure is not needed. Thus, the article comes to a fundamental conclusion that there is no need to comply with the claim procedure when filing a counterclaim. Along with this, the study touches upon other issues raised in connection with the adoption of the Review on the complaint procedure: about judicial lawmaking and the quality of clarifications of the highest court instance.
New Obligations of Parties to Civil Proceedings: The Development of Procedural Activity or Additional Encumbrance
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure and Labor Law of the Southern Federal University PhD (Law), Smagina Elena S.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the new legal regulation of the obligations of participants in civil proceedings: to disclose evidence, send documents, indicate one of the defendant’s identifiers in the statement of claim, comply with a claim or other pre-trial procedure for resolving a dispute.
Local Community: The Essence of the Concept and Role in Local Self-Government
Authors:   Associate Professor of the V.V. Kuzin Department of Management and Economics of the Sports Industry of the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, PhD (Law), Khludnev Egor I.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the relationship between the concepts of “population of a municipality” and “local community”, analyzes the views of various scientists on the essential characteristics of local communities, on the basis of which the author’s vision of the role of local communities in the implementation of local selfgovernment is justified.
On the Preparation and Implementation of the Urban Reform of Public Self-Government of 1870
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Legal and Economic Disciplines of the Ulyanovsk Branch of the A.S. Griboedov Institute of International Law and Economics, Class 2 Municipal Service Counsellor, PhD (Law), Okutina Natalya N.
Published: December 2020

The study of the experience of legal regulation of city authorities in the Russian Empire is one of the most interesting issues of historical and legal science today. Filling our historical vision of the development of local governance will allow further reform of local governance at the present stage of development. The author paid special attention to the issue of legal regulation and organizational design of the system of local governments according to the City Regulation of 1870. The article considers the competence of city institutions, conducted a short analysis of the interaction of state authorities with city authorities.
Mobility of Authorities and Stabilization of Laws on the Demarcation Thereof: Search for a Constitutional Law Balance
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev (Orel State University), Efimov Georgiy A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of correlation, on the one hand, mobility, on the other hand, the stability of the powers of the authorities and public-territorial entities. The author argues that the excessive flexibility of constitutional legislation in this area can call into question one of the fundamental principles of constitutionalism, which consists in the need for sustainable autonomy of public-territorial units. Powers can be redistributed from the center to the periphery and in the opposite direction in a variety of combinations. At the same time, it is important that this movement does not lead to the absolutization of the central government, blocking of political and territorial autonomy, exclusion of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities from social and political life, their transformation into some kind of “driving belts” of the will of the central authorities without taking into account the needs and interests of citizens, living in the respective territories.
OBJECTIVES OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ENERGY RESOURCE USAGE FOR ENERGY LAW AND ORDER ENHANCEMENT
Authors:   Doctor of Law Head of the Department of Energy Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Director of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Romanova Viktoria V.
Published: December 2020

The nature of the legal regime of energy resources, requirements for their quality, metering, extraction, production, delivery, transportation, storage, pricing, customs regulation are fundamental problems of energy law. Certainty in the legal regulation of the use of energy resources as the key object of social relations within the scope of energy law has a direct impact on securing the balance of interests between energy law subjects at national and international levels. The level of the international unification of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources remains low, with the exception of unified provisions on the use of nuclear power. Due to the specific nature of energy resources, both national and international unification is performed primarily using an industry-based approach. Further development of the legal regulation of the use of energy resources, the improvement of the legal regime of energy resources, in particular, factoring in the need to apply innovative energy saving, energy efficient technologies, ensuring anti-terrorism security, and industrial safety of the energy infrastructure require legal studies in this area. Comparative legal studies of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources in other countries will be especially valuable. This article can be useful for further research into the subject matter, for education purposes.
THE PECULIARITIES OF ENERGY TRADE ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS USING UNCONVENTIONAL CONTRACT STRUCTURES
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Professor of the Department of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University), Shevchenko Lyubov I. , Kulakhmetov Timur R. ,   Lawyer at the Legal Protection Center Law Firm
Published: December 2020

Digitalization shall spur the development of market mechanisms and competition, especially in retail electricity markets, by making information available to all stakeholders, including regulators and consumers. It will be difficult to implement initiatives to make sure consumer demands are met at all times without studying global practices of using unconventional contract structures in the energy sector and the impact of the energy transition on public relations. At the same time, the absence of an effective regulatory framework that would allow us to take full advantage of unconventional contract structures for their further application in the energy sector can result in technological inferiority in key areas of the smart energy sector in terms of both technology and standardization. As the Russian regulatory framework for the regulation of public relations using unconventional contract structures is still in its infancy, it makes sense to turn our attention to other countries’ distributed generation development regulation practices that gave impetus to change the industry and use digital platforms.
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES OF COMMODITY DELIVERY OPERATORS IN THE GAS MARKET
Authors:   Candidate of Legal Sciences Leading Research Scientist of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vildanova Marina M.
Published: December 2020

This article studies the peculiarities of the legal status of the gas transportation operator under exchange contracts organizing transportation and serving as a prototype of the new law institution of the commodity delivery operator. In order to balance interests of gas sellers, buyers, and consumers, commodity delivery conditions shall be met and commercial gas balancing in the exchange and over-the-counter markets shall be implemented to ensure the fulfillment of all delivery obligations. The article addresses the implementation of the institution of the commodity delivery operator in the gas exchange market, as well as the peculiarities of commercial gas balancing aimed at 100% fulfillment of exchange contracts and reduction of market players’ costs. The role of the commodity delivery operator organizing gas transportation, metering, and monitoring of gas deliveries is important for the implementation of commercial balancing. Effective, well-balanced reforms are essential for the growth and creation of a favorable investment climate needed to modernize the gas market.
LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM EXPORT CONTRACTS FOR NATURAL GAS SUPPLY
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Koshman Sergey S.
Published: December 2020

Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
Long-Term and Short-Term Export Contracts for Natural Gas Supply
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Koshman Sergey S.
Published: December 2020

Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
On Development Trends of Corporate Regulation in the Russian Federation and Abroad
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lisitsin-Svetlanov Andrey G.
Published: December 2020

Energy law, just like some other complex law branches, serves to regulate a number of relations that are cross-disciplinary in nature. Cross-disciplinary interrelations with such law branches as anti-trust and corporate law are the most evident. Many studies on corporate law have been published up to date. However, only few of the numerous publications focus on specific issues of corporate regulation. Therefore, the monograph edited by V.V. Romanova, LL.D., Topical Issues and Tasks of Corporate Law, is undoubtedly of interest. It addresses two problems: the legal regulation of corporate governance in predominantly state-owned companies and the legal regulation of greenmail prevention. So far, these problems, while clearly of concern for both practice and research, have not been duly examined in the Russian literature. The applicability of this study stems from the fact that state companies and companies with significant state participation have taken the lead over the years of new Russian economy development. It can hardly be viewed as a typical model for a country building a market-based economy and, therefore, for the law of a market economy. As for the greenmail issue, answers to the arising questions can also be found in the legal plane of the economic life that is still new for Russia.
Mathematical modeling of heat transfer inside a biogas plant
Authors: Fiapshev Amur , Khamokov Marat , Kilchukova Olesya , Fiapshev Batyr
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this project was to simulate heat transfer processes inside a biogas plant. The unique design of the suggested biogas plant incorporates a heat exchanger mixer as one combined part. This allowed more even biomass warming and keeping the required temperature level all over the tank to optimize the overall biogas processing in the plant. The research results show how major biogas plant parameters affect the plant performance.
Developing an automated control system using the IEC 61131-3 programming language
Authors: Ivanova Viliya , Ivanov Igor , Kiselev Igor
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a novel HVAC automated control system built on a programmable logic controller. The system was designed using one of the IEC 61131 programming languages being used for programming PLCs. It means a significantly wider range of control options compared to conventional systems. Also we propose an upgrade option for an air supply unit with water heating, the key idea of which is implementing qualitative control instead of quantitative one. The mixing part including a three-way valve and recirculating pump provides control of heater water temperature lowering possibility of occurring frost under low temperatures.
Improving energy efficiency in electric power generation, transmission, and consumption
Authors: Akatjev Vladimir , Tyurin Mikhail , Borodina Elena
Published: December 2020

This review incudes a detailed analysis of energy efficiency indicators applicable to the electric power sector in general. Major factors affecting energy efficiency in general and in the residential sector in particular have been found. Certain innovative monitoring and control solutions for residential electric power consumers have been considered for the purpose of creating energy efficient power consumption. Also, under the applications of a step rate system and other specific conditions, such as a limited capacity level, a technical solution providing reliability and efficiency of power consumption has been described.
Synthesized Optimal Control of Group Interaction of Quadrocopters Based on Multi-Point Stabilization
Authors: Diveev A.I. , Shmalko E.Yu. , Hussein O.
Published: December 2020

The study examines the problem of optimal control of group interaction of three quadrocopters. A group of three quadrocopters must move the load on flexible rods from one point in space to another one without hitting obstacles, one quadrocopter being not able to complete the task due to the weight of the load. To solve the problem, the method of synthesized optimal control based on multi-point stabilization was used. The method is called synthesized, since the problem of synthesizing the stabilization system for each robot is first solved. At the next stage, the problem of the optimal location of stabilization points in the state space is solved in such a way that when these points are switched from one to another, at a given time interval, the quadrocopters move the load from the initial position to the final one with the optimal value of the quality criterion. The network operator method is used to solve the synthesis problem. All phase constraints describing group interaction and obstacles are included in the quality criterion by the method of penalty functions. An evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to find the positions of points