bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A planning method for chemical plume tracking and source localization with autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Jiu Haifeng , Deng Wei
Published: March 2024

Underwater target detection technology is an important mean for the development and utilization of marine environment, which has important value in commercial and military fields, and is valued by more and more experts, scholars, and production technicians. A set of behavior-based autonomous underwater vehicle online task planning algorithm is proposed in this article, including the searching behavior based on changing Z-shape, tracking behavior based on an improved artificial potential field theory with likelihood map, rediscovering behavior, and source declare behavior. The proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and success rate of autonomous underwater vehicle to the source positionficient. The physical experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
First confirmed case of hydatid disease of the male breast: A case report
Authors: Sethi Humsheer Singh , Mohapatra Satya , Panda Adyakinkar , Mali Chayasmita
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Hydatid disease of the male breast has not been documented in literature to date.

Case report:

We present a case of a 46-year old male patient who presented with a painful breast lump for 1 year. On imaging, it was suspicious for hydatid disease of the breast and was successfully diagnosed preoperatively on fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology as hydatid disease of the breast.

Discussion:

Incidence of hydatid disease of the breast contributes to a minute number of total cases of hydatid disease. Male breast hydatid disease was unknown prior to this report. We did find similarities in the imaging features of our case and the ones described for female breasts. On ultrasonography, we found it analogous to the ‘water-lily’ sign which has been described in hepatic hydatic cysts.

Conclusion:

Keeping hydatid disease as a differential in the setting of a suspicious breast mass even in a male patient proved to be rewarding as it negated the need for further cross-sectional imaging and a definitive diagnosis could be sought based on the fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathological findings.
The synergy of dual faecal immunochemical and faecal calprotectin testing for accurate assessment of endoscopic and histological activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bohra Anuj , Batt Nicholas , Dutt Krishneel , Lewis Diana , Segal Jonathan P. , Newiadomski Olga , Vasudevan Abhinav , Langenberg Daniel R. Van
Published: March 2024

Background:

Faecal biomarkers are increasingly utilized for disease assessment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objectives:

To characterize the relative and combined accuracy of faecal calprotectin (FC) and faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for detecting endoscopic and histologically active disease in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), subdivided by disease location.

Design:

A prospective cohort study.

Methods:

Patients with confirmed IBD undergoing routine ileocolonoscopy for activity assessment were prospectively recruited and performed both FC and FIT ±30 days of ileocolonoscopy. Endoscopic activity was assessed via the simplified endoscopic score for CD, Mayo endoscopic score for UC and histological activity graded as nil/mild/moderate. Receiver-operator curve analyses were utilized to assess the performance of FC and FIT per disease subtype and location.

Results:

In all, 137 (79 CD, 57 UC) patients were recruited. FC was more sensitive than FIT in detecting active endoscopic (CD: 91% versus 69%, UC: 94% versus 82%) and histological (CD: 86% versus 55%, UC 88% versus 56%) disease. However, FIT was more specific than FC in detecting active endoscopic (CD: 94% versus 56%, UC: 85% versus 69%) and histological (CD: 93% versus 55%, UC: 96% versus 70%) diseases. FIT was more sensitive and specific than FC in detecting active colonic CD (endoscopic activity: 94% versus 93%, histological activity: 92% versus 77%, respectively); however, it was poorly sensitive for active ileal CD (43% versus 89%).

Conclusion:

FC demonstrated higher sensitivity and FIT higher specificity for active IBD. Hence, dual testing was synergistic, displaying excellent performance characteristics across most IBD locations and subtypes, holding promise for future clinical application.

Trial registration:

Not applicable.
Benefits of Usability Evaluation in the Development Process of Diabetes Technologies Using the Example of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Prototype
Authors: Beltzer Anne , Kölle Julia , Gil Miró Marta , Pleus Stefan , Krauss Collin , Haug Cornelia , Safary Elvis , Vetter Beatrice , Freckmann Guido
Published: March 2024

Background:

Usability engineering analyzes the interaction between the intended users and a device. Its implementation is mandatory for manufacturers to obtain regulatory approval for the European market. The aim of this evaluation was assessing the role of usability testing in the development process. For this purpose, a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device under development was investigated to determine whether it could be used safely and effectively by the intended users.

Methods:

Conduct of the usability testing was based on the international standard IEC 62366-1. Medical device use of CGM-experienced and non-experienced users (n = 15 each) was observed without initial training in use scenarios containing 18 tasks. The success rate of task completion was determined and the System Usability Scale (SUS) score was calculated from a questionnaire. A prototype of the FiberSense CGM System (EyeSense GmbH, Großostheim, Germany), comprising of a single-use sensor and a reusable detector, was investigated.

Results:

Most use errors made by both user groups were related to ease of handling of the reusable detectors. The SUS scores achieved in this study were below the pre-defined SUS score acceptance criterion of ≥68. The most frequently mentioned reason for use errors was an incomprehensible and non-chronological instructions for use (IFU).

Conclusions:

The evaluation provides valuable insights on how to improve usability of the prototype device and demonstrates the value of conducting structured usability testing prior to product finalization. The results reflected areas for improvement of the user interface, mainly by restructuring the IFU, provision of an additional leaflet, and device training prior to use.
Progress and prospect of ASCT combined with CAR-T therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Yuan Shihui , Chen Ying , Liu Huasheng
Published: March 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow. In recent years, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has become the cornerstone of MM treatment. At the same time, immunotherapy, such as monoclonal antibody therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) has also emerged, in which CAR-T is the most attractive focus. ASCT and its myeloablative preconditioning will turn its immune microenvironment into an inhibited state, which may provide an opportunity for the expansion of CAR-T cells so as to further clear the residual lesions after ASCT and reduce the recurrence rate after ASCT. Meanwhile, the infusion of CAR-T cells can accelerate the cellular immune reconstruction after ASCT of myeloma, thereby improving the antitumor effect. In order to explore the clinic value, this article reviews the progress and prospect of ASCT combined with CAR-T therapy in the treatment of MM.
Avatrombopag for the salvage treatment of platelet transfusion refractoriness
Authors: Qin Yuehong , Wang Yu , Zhang Yujiao , Jiao Yingying , Ye Jieyu
Published: March 2024

Background:

Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a life-threatening and intractable condition in hematological patients. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists such as avatrombopag promote platelet production and modulate immune intolerance. However, its application in PTR has not been extensively studied.

Objectives:

We aimed to compare the platelet response (PR) as well as bleeding events and mortality rate between the best available therapies (BATs) and avatrombopag (Ava) treatments in refractory PTR patients.

Design:

A total of 71 refractory PTR patients were enrolled at Nanfang Hospital. Intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and human leucocyte antigen-matched platelet transfusions were administered to 30 patients in the BATs group. The Ava group included 41 patients.

Methods:

Data of refractory PTR patients were retrospectively collected. The primary endpoint was PR (defined as an increase of platelet count to ⩾50 × 109/L without platelet transfusion support for 7 consecutive days). Secondary endpoints included platelet-transfusion independence rate, cumulative platelet transfusion units, World Health Organization bleeding grades, adverse events, overall survival (OS), and bleeding event-free survival (EFS).

Results:

There were 75.6% and 13.3% refractory PTR patients who reached PR within 3 months in Ava and BATs groups. The median platelet counts were significantly higher in Ava group from day 7. Platelet-transfusion independence rate in Ava was higher than BATs group. The median cumulative platelet transfusion unit in Ava was lower than that of BATs group. The OS and bleeding events-free EFS rate of Ava group improved within 3 months as compared to BATs group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that Ava therapy was a protective factor for the OS and EFS. No primary disease progression or termination of avatrombopag was observed due to intolerability.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that avatrombopag is an effective and safe treatment option for refractory PTR patients.
Stress and happiness at work: A mixed methods study on Indonesian teachers in adopting online learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prasetyo Anggun Resdasari , Kadiyono Anissa Lestari , Sulastiana Marina , Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2024

This study uses the multiphase mixed methods to answer research questions, the results of which are expected to be the basis for preparing Indonesian teachers to work happily when facing changes in online learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first phase explores how teachers perceive barriers to online learning through a descriptive survey method ( N = 201) with a content analysis. The second phase employs a quantitative method ( N = 201) with two analyses, namely: (1) regression analysis to examine the relationship between teachers’ stress and happiness at work; and (2) ANOVA analysis to observe differences in teachers’ stress and happiness at work for each type of school. Finally, the third phase uses an experimental design by applying the COPE method to the experimental group ( N = 100) to increase teachers’ happiness at work compared to the control group ( N = 101). The findings of the content analysis show that teachers face obstacles in dealing with changes in online learning methods. The findings of the regression analysis reveal that stress is significantly related to happiness at work, with stress affecting the happiness of 33.3% of teachers at work, while the findings of the ANOVA analysis indicate that teachers in all types of schools have moderate levels of stress and happiness at work in dealing with online learning methods. Furthermore, the application of the COPE method to the experimental group has been proven to significantly increase teachers’ happiness at work and reduce their stress levels. The results of this study highlight the importance of developing teachers’ happiness at work to be able to adapt with online learning methods.
E-learning use and teaching and learning performance in Tanzanian universities
Authors: Kisanjara Simeo B
Published: March 2024

The use of E-learning as a new educational technology is currently a top priority in many universities in developing-countries. The main purpose of this research is to determine how e-learning affects the teaching and learning (T&L) performance in Tanzanian universities. Employing a questionnaire tool, a quantitative approach was used to collect the data. A total of 390 out of 400 respondents including lectures and students were taken into account, with a 97.5% response rate. Data in SPSS version 21 were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the findings of this study, only one of the nine hypotheses tested have a non-significant effect on T&L performance, as indicated by p-values >0.01. Further, there is no statistically significant effect of perceived usefulness in using e-learning in T&L performance by lowering cost/expenses. Furthermore, other variables assessed including performance expectancy, ease of use, and perceived usefulness have significance effect on T&L performance by increased quality of instructional material delivery, convenience in teaching and learning facilities. The findings of this study inform policymakers on how to reformulate information and communication technology (ICT) policy to clearly spell out the adoption of e-learning for providing facilities in universities. The policy should, in particular, have a clear vision of implementing an appealing, conducive teaching and learning service delivery environment, as well as achieving appropriate and high T&L performance. By influencing the cost/expenses in T&L, quality of instructional material, and the convenience of T&L service delivery as the indicators of performance, this paper contributes to improve understanding of the factors of e-learning (including performance expectancy, perceived usefulness, and ease of use) on teaching and learning performance of the Tanzanian universities. These factors, which have a substantial influence on T&L performance in Tanzanian universities through affecting its indicators, were not thoroughly addressed in earlier relevant studies.
Development and study of content protection models for online courses
Authors: Barakova Aliya Sh , Ussatova Olga A , Zhubankuzova Indira A , Nurbekova Assel Zh , Mombekov Serzhan E
Published: March 2024

The development and investigation of content protection models for online courses is an urgent task in light of the growing popularity of online education and the need to protect content from unauthorised access and distribution. The purpose of this study is to create effective and reliable models for protecting the content of online courses. To achieve the goal, methods of analysis of existing content protection systems and mathematical modelling were used. Models based on various security approaches, including cryptography methods, watermarks, and access rights management systems, have been developed and tested. The main result of the research was the creation of tools to protect the content of online courses, which includes a comprehensive protection system using cryptographic algorithms and watermarks. An access rights management system has also been developed, which allows restricting access to content only for authorised users. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of using a combined content protection system and can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorised access and distribution of online course content. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed models for protecting the content of online courses in practical conditions. They can be used in various educational organisations providing online courses, and in other areas where protection of digital content from unauthorised access and distribution is required. The use of the developed content protection models will improve the security level of online courses and reduce the risks of leakage of confidential information. Moreover, the developed models can be used as an example in the development of similar digital content protection systems in other areas. In general, this research has a high practical significance and can be useful for everyone involved in the creation, storage, and distribution of digital content.
An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study of Thai English as a foreign language students’ engagement with emergency online learning in an English medium instruction university
Authors: Chaiyasat Chatchawan , Srimalee Poowadol , Wetprasit Anchida , Williamson Peter
Published: March 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, students’ language learning engagement through various forms of technology has received great attention among educators across institutions worldwide. This mixed-methods study attempts to investigate Thai EFL students’ engagement in online English courses, created by an English medium instruction (EMI) University, during the pandemic. A closed-ended questionnaire surveyed 248 Thai EFL students’ engagement with their English course and of this cohort, 56 participants were selected randomly to participate in a semi-structured interview. The statistical results revealed that the average level of students’ engagement with online English courses was generally above average. Significant and positive correlations existed between the four key dimensions of skill, psychological, participation, and performance engagement. In the qualitative inquiry, results suggested a range of issues contributing to positive and negative experiences. These were mainly focused on content, presentation styles, and student involvement. Findings contribute to understanding key success variables in English learning via an online environment.
Higher education teacher educators’ perceptions about approaches to teaching in a blended learning mode in a developing country
Authors: Brenya Boahemaa
Published: March 2024

The strong association between educators’ perceptions and teaching approaches must be considered when improving teaching quality in BL environments in higher education institutions (HEIs). Consequently, every effort to effectively initiate and implement instructional innovations and practices at the higher education level is highly dependent on educators’ perceptions, attitudes, characteristics, and approaches. However, there have not been many empirical studies to ascertain the relationship between teacher educators’ perceptions of and approaches to teaching in a BL mode. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the connection between educators’ perceptions and approaches to delivering instructions in a BL mode in a developing country. The study used a mixed-methods approach involving 10 participants in the qualitative data collection phase and 71 respondents in the quantitative data gathering phase from one public HEI in Ghana. While a thematic inductive tool was employed to analyze the qualitative data, R-package version 0.88 (2022) was used to analyze the quantitative data. The study’s results revealed a significant relationship between educators’ perceptions and approaches to teaching in a BL context. However, the study found no correlation between educators’ perception or approach and their ages or experiences of teaching in a BL mode. The findings of the study may encourage teachers to adopt a more positive attitude toward providing quality information to students learning in a BL environment.
Large epidermoid cyst of the spleen causing massive splenomegaly: A case report
Authors: Gomez Deshan Mario , Sivaganesh Sivasuriya
Published: March 2024

Splenic cysts are uncommon and are classified as primary cysts or secondary cysts based on the presence or absence of an intact epithelial lining, respectively. Epidermoid cysts have an epithelial lining of stratified squamous epithelium and have been reported in normal and intra-pancreatic accessory spleens. An 18-year-old girl presented with a symptomatic, uncomplicated splenic cyst causing massive splenomegaly and symptoms due to mass effect. Peripheral cytopaenias and lymphoproliferative neoplasm were excluded. Preoperative computed tomography was suggestive of a large splenic cyst causing massive splenomegaly and marked loco-regional pressure effects. Open splenectomy was performed and histology confirmed an epidermoid cyst with no features of malignancy. Splenic epidermoid cysts are a rare cause of massive splenomegaly. Surgical intervention is recommended due to symptoms and the risk of complications.
Zinc Supplementation Trial in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: Effects on Circulating FGF-23 and Klotho
Authors: Belostotsky V. , Atkinson S. A. , Filler G.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Zinc status, its role in bone metabolism and efficacy of deficiency correction has not been well studied in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives:

The primary objective was to investigate whether 3 months of oral zinc supplementation corrects zinc deficiency in children with CKD who have native or transplanted kidneys. The secondary objective was to compare circulating intact FGF-23 (iFGF-23), c-terminal FGF-23 (cFGF-23), and Klotho between zinc-sufficient and zinc-deficient children with CKD and to assess the relationship between circulating zinc, iFGF-23, cFGF-23, Klotho, bone biomarkers, copper, and phosphate excretion pre-supplementation and post-supplementation of zinc.

Methods:

Forty-one children (25 male and 16 female, age 12.94 ± 4.13 years) with CKD in native or transplanted kidneys were recruited through 2 pediatric nephrology divisions in Ontario, Canada. Of those, 14 patients (9 native CKD, 5 transplant CKD) with identified zinc deficiency (64% enrollment rate) received zinc citrate supplement for 3 months: 10 mg orally once (4-8 years) or twice (9-18 years) daily.

Results:

Zinc deficiency (plasma concentration < 11.5 µmol/L) was found in 22 patients (53.7%). A linear regression model suggested that zinc concentration reduced by 0.026 µmol/L ( P = .04) for every 1-unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) drop. Zinc deficiency status was associated with higher serum iFGF-23; however, this was predominantly determined by the falling GFR. Zinc deficient and sufficient children had similar circulating c-FGF-23 and alpha-Klotho. Normalization of plasma zinc concentration was achieved in 8 (5 native CKD and 3 transplant CKD) out of 14 treated patients rising from 10.04 ± 1.42 to 12.29 ± 3.77 μmol/L ( P = .0038). There were no significant changes in other biochemical measures in all treated patients. A statistically significant ( P = .0078) rise in c-FGF-23 was observed only in a subgroup of 11 children treated with zinc but not receiving calcitriol.

Conclusions:

Zinc status is related to kidney function and possibly connected to bone metabolism in patients with CKD. However, it plays a minor role in fine-tuning various metabolic processes. In this exploratory non-randomized study, 3 months supplementation with zinc corrected deficiency in just over half of patients and only modestly affected bone metabolism in asymptomatic CKD patients.
Risk factors for burn contractures in a lower income country: Four illustrative cases
Authors: Fanstone RuthAnn , Khan Mohammad Rabiul Karim
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Burns are most prevalent in low- and middle-income countries but the risk factors for burn contractures in these settings are poorly understood. There is some evidence from low- and middle-income country studies to suggest that non-medical factors such as socio-economic and health system issues may be as, or possibly more, important than biomedical factors in the development of post-burn contractures.

Methods

Four cases are presented to illustrate the impact of non-biomedical factors on contracture outcomes in a low-income setting. The cases were drawn from participants in a cross-sectional study which examined risk factors for contracture in Bangladesh.

Discussion

The two cases had similar burns but different standards of care for socio-economic reasons, leading to very different contracture outcomes The two cases both had access to specialist care but had very different contracture outcomes for non-medical reasons. The risk factors and contracture outcomes in each case are documented and compared.

Conclusion

The impact of non-biomedical factors in contracture development after burns in low- and middle-income countries is highlighted and discussed.

Lay Summary

Burns are common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but the risk factors for burn contractures in these settings are poorly understood. Burn contractures are formed when scarring from a burn injury is near or over a joint and results in limited movement. There is some evidence from LMIC studies which suggests that non-medical factors such as socio-economic (e.g., household income, level of education) and health system issues (e.g., whether specialist burn care could be accessed) may be as, or possibly more, important than non-medical factors (such as the type and depth of burn and the treatments received) in the development of contractures following burn injuries. Four cases are presented to illustrate the impact of non-biomedical factors on contracture outcomes in a low-income setting. The cases were drawn from participants in a larger study which examined risk factors for contracture in Bangladesh. Two cases had similar burns but different standards of care and different outcomes. Two cases had similar access to specialist care but very different outcomes for non-medical reasons. The risk factors present and contractures outcomes in each case are documented and compared. The importance of non-biomedical factors in contracture development after burns in LMICs is highlighted and discussed.
Reinventing Systems for Equity
Authors: Darling-Hammond Linda
Published: March 2024

Highlights

Around the world, nations are grappling with the longstanding inequalities in education and society that were made more visible during the pandemic—along with the increasing educational demands of our fast-changing, knowledge-based world. This article outlines the anatomy of educational inequality and the demands for students to develop “learning ability.” It argues that to address these issues, we must reinvent education systems—often designed around a now antiquated factory model—so that schools can become more student-centered and supportive of whole child development; focused on deeper learning that meets the demands of today's society; culturally and linguistically connected and sustaining; grounded in collaboration among students, staff, families, and communities; and equitable in the opportunities provided and outcomes achieved. It describes policy strategies to accomplish these aims, with a strong emphasis on the changes in educator preparation and in-school supports needed for developing powerful teaching.
Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Blood Pressure Levels Among HIV Sero-Positive and Sero-Negative Cohorts: A Secondary Analysis of the Vukuzazzi Study
Authors: Wireko Manasseh B. , Hendricks Jacobus , Bedu-Addo Kweku , Van Staden Marlise , Ntim Emmanuel A. , Larbi John A. , Owusu Isaac K.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The effect of hypertension is aggravated by lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption. This study sought to determine the association between alcohol consumption and the level of blood pressures among HIV seronegative and seropositive cohorts.

Methods:

This secondary analysis was performed on a cross-sectional survey data of 17 922 participants during the period between 2018 and 2020. A questionnaire was used to obtain participants’ alcohol consumption history, which was categorized into non-alcohol consumers, non-heavy alcohol consumers, and heavy alcohol consumers. A linear regression model was used to establish relationships among participants with raised blood pressure (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg).

Results:

Out of the total participants, 3553 (19.82%) were hypertensives. Almost 13% of the hypertensives (n = 458; 12.89%) were undiagnosed, and 12.44 % (442) had uncontrolled hypertension. About 14.52% of the hypertensives (3553) were not on any antihypertensive medication. Male non-consumers of alcohol had the highest systolic and diastolic BP; uncontrolled systolic BP (165.53 ± 20.87 mmHg), uncontrolled diastolic BP (102.28 ± 19.21mmHg). Adjusted for covariates, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with HTN among participants who were HIV seropositive [unadjusted (RR = 1.772, P = .006, 95% CI (1.178-2.665)], [RR = 1.772, P = .005, 95% CI (1.187-2.64)]. [unadjusted RR = 1.876, P = .036, 95% CI (1.043-3.378)], adjusted RR = 1.876, P = .041, 95% CI (1.024-3.437). Both moderate and heavy alcohol consumption were significantly related to hypertension among HIV sero-negative [unadjusted model, moderate consumption RR = 1.534 P = .003, 95% CI (1.152-2.044)], [adjusted model, moderate alcohol consumption RR = 1.535, P = .006, 95% CI (1.132-2.080)], [unadjusted model, heavy alcohol consumption, RR = 2.480, P = .030, 95% CI (1.091-5.638)], [adjusted model RR = 2.480, P = .034, 95% CI (1.072-5.738)].

Conclusion:

Alcohol consumption is significantly related to increase BP regardless of HIV infection.
Combination of Superior and Posterior Capsular Release Versus Superior Capsular Release Alone in Arthroscopic Repair of Large-to-Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Hwang Jung-Taek , Kim Yong-Been , Cho Min-Soo , Seo Su-Jung , Hong Myung Sun
Published: March 2024

Background:

Superior capsular release has been used to reduce tendon tension, especially in arthroscopic repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears. Some clinicians have used a more extensive release of capsules in arthroscopic cuff repair for adequate reduction of torn tendons to footprints.

Purpose:

To explore the effects of additional posterior capsular release for superior capsular release in arthroscopic repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We compared 26 shoulders that underwent superior and posterior capsular release (group S&P) with 26 shoulders that underwent superior capsular release alone (group S) in arthroscopic repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears between January 23, 2013 and December 2, 2015. The visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, and range of motion (ROM) and muscle power were checked preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. Follow-up ultrasound was checked at 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

In both groups, the overall mean functional outcomes improved from preoperatively to postoperatively. Patients in group S&P showed more pre- to postoperative improvement than patients in group S with regard to internal rotation ROM (mean difference, 30.0° vs 20.6°; P < .001) and internal rotation power (3.4 vs 1.8 kgf; P = .001). Patients in group S had a higher retear rate on the follow-up ultrasound than patients in group S&P, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (23.1% vs 11.5%, respectively; P = .465).

Conclusion:

In the current study, patients who underwent superior and posterior capsular release in arthroscopic repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears had greater postoperative improvement in internal rotation ROM and power compared with patients who underwent superior capsular release alone.
Are Changes in Reported Social-Emotional Skills Just Noise? The Predictive Power of Longitudinal Differences in Self-Reports
Authors: Kanopka Klint , Claro Susana , Loeb Susanna , West Martin , Fricke Hans
Published: March 2024

Prior work has shown that students’ self-reported levels on social-emotional measures predict achievement levels and gains, but we have little evidence on whether within-student changes in self-reports on social-emotional surveys are predictive of changes in theoretically related academic and behavioral outcomes. We use large-scale data from the California CORE districts to examine whether changes in individual reports on social-emotional measures from one school year to the next predict changes in state math and English language arts test scores and attendance. We show that changes in self-reported social-emotional measures predict changes in both achievement and attendance. These results are robust across model specifications. Moreover, the relationships between SEL and achievement and attendance outcomes are consistent across student subgroups.
Association Between Ego-Resilience and Social Isolation Among Urban Older People
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takeuchi Takeaki , Ihara Kazushige , Obuchi Shuichi , Kawai Hisashi , Hirano Hirohiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Hunkyung Kim , Watanabe Yutaka , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: March 2024

Social isolation among older adults affects their physical and mental health. Ego-resilience is associated with flexible adaptation to various environments and acceptable behaviors. However, its association with social isolation among older people is unclear. Therefore, a health survey was conducted with 510 adults aged 65 years or older to assess social isolation, its associated factors, and ego resilience. The results showed that the social isolation group had a lower median ego-resiliency scale score (42.0) compared to the non-social isolation group (38.0). The social isolation group were mostly males without spouses, took time to move, had more depressive moods, and poorer subjective health status. The non-social isolated group had faster maximum walking speed. Low ego-resilience was newly identified as a factor associated with social isolation among older people, as were being male, having no spouse, and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that ego-resilience affected social isolation and was partially mediated by depressive symptoms.
Examining the Impact of Project-Based Learning on Students’ Self-Reported and Actual Learning Outcomes
Authors: Crawford Lindsay K. , Arellano Carmona Kimberly , Kumar Rewanshi
Published: March 2024

Active, collaborative, and project-based learning strategies have become increasingly popular in college classrooms due to their effectiveness in cultivating student-centered learning. Compared to conventional teaching methods, active and project-based learning engages students in the learning process by fostering collaborative approaches to addressing real-world problems. To better prepare students for future careers in health promotion, we evaluated the effectiveness of a collaborative project-based health promotion assignment on self-perceived and actual learning among a sample of underrepresented students ( N = 33). In order to assess learning, students completed both a self-reported and actual learning assessment designed to assess competency of the core learning outcomes of the health promotion course. Results demonstrated approximately similar increases in self-reported and actual learning over the semester. Although the results were unexpectedly parallel, students consistently underestimated their knowledge on both the pre- and post-learning assessments. In all, survey results demonstrated the group-based project served as a valuable tool for undergraduate learning, with the majority of students evaluating the project positively across all measures.
Dynamics of Social Exclusion in Urban Spheres in India
Authors: Mishra Vinod Kumar
Published: March 2024

Urban inequality in India has increased with rising urban population. Urban poor particularly marginalised social groups face multidimensional exclusion in urban areas. The article attempts to engage and understand the multidimensional nature of social exclusion in urban spheres with the theoretical framework of the process of social exclusion. The article also highlights that marginalised social groups experience exclusion and discrimination in various socio-economic spheres. The article attempts to analyse impact of social exclusion on marginalised social groups. The social processes and interactions in urban areas are also determined by the social identities. The article examines the dynamics of multidimensional exclusion in urban spheres based on social identity. The article also suggests policies to make urban landscape more socially inclusive.
Attitudes and barriers to pulmonary arterial hypertension screening in systemic sclerosis patients: A survey of UK-based rheumatologists
Authors: Álvarez-Hernández María Paula , Allanore Yannick , Andrade Ivo , Buch Maya H , Coghlan Gerry , Del Galdo Francesco , Denton Christopher P , Khanna Dinesh , Kiely David G , Pauling John D , Ramjug Sheila , Hughes Michael
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

The objectives were to explore rheumatologists’ current clinical screening practices of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis in the United Kingdom and to identify barriers to screening and consider potential solutions.

Methods:

A survey of 31 questions was developed and included six sections: clinician demographics, the importance of screening, screening practices, barriers to screening, treatment and patient education. The survey was disseminated among rheumatologists working in the United Kingdom.

Results:

Forty-four rheumatologists working in the United Kingdom participated in the study, and the majority completed all the questions. Around one-third (37.0%) worked in specialised systemic sclerosis units (university or general hospitals (54.5% and 45.4%, respectively)). The majority recognised that systemic sclerosis-pulmonary arterial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Over half (60.0%) reported using the DETECT algorithm to screen for systemic sclerosis-pulmonary arterial hypertension, although other algorithms were also sometimes used. All of the respondents utilised transthoracic echocardiogram, and almost all (95.0%) performed pulmonary function tests for screening purposes. Various challenges and barriers were identified relating to systemic sclerosis-pulmonary arterial hypertension screening, with the difficulty in interpreting results from other hospitals and extended wait times for diagnostic tests being the most reported (76.0% and 74.0%, respectively). Most respondents agreed that access to key investigations (87.0%), ongoing clinician education (82.0%), multidisciplinary meetings (79.5%) and a better understanding of proposed screening algorithms (79.5%) could be potential solutions.

Conclusion:

Screening patients with systemic sclerosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension is crucial to improve survival, but variable practices exist among UK rheumatologists. Solutions include educating healthcare professionals on guidelines, sharing information between centres and integrating care services.
Survival Outcomes in Different Sino-nasal Malignancies: An Institutional Review
Authors: Preetha Umesh , Akhter Shamima , Sarthak Tandon , Parveen Ahlawat , Sandeep Purohit , Munish Gairola
Published: March 2024

Objective

The purpose of this review is to comprehend the treatment outcome of different PNS cancer histologies and their survival.

Materials and Procedures

A review of our institutional database from January 2010 to December 2022 included 122 sinonasal cancer patients. After exclusions, 84 patients whose data sets were complete underwent analysis. Overall survival (OS), loco-regional failure-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) were the measured endpoints.

Results

With a median follow-up time of 26 months, there was no correlation detected between histological type and OS, LRFS, or DMFS. It was discovered that the type of treatment technique was substantially related to LRFS. Surgery plus adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy had a minor tendency to be significant in terms of OS, with a median OS of 56 months (95% CI: 38.6–73.3).

Conclusions

It showed that the use of different treatment modalities had an impact on LRFS, while the type of histology did not correlate with the effectiveness of the treatment.
Nursing activities for health promotion in palliative home care: an integrative review
Authors: Leclerc-Loiselle Jérôme , Gendron Sylvie , Daneault Serge
Published: March 2024

Palliative care in community contexts is undergoing significant change as a result of public policy and new models of care, which link health promotion principles with palliative care practices. These models support the creation of partnerships between formal care structures and the communities in which care is provided. Given the central role of nurses in the institutional delivery of palliative care, particularly in the home, it is important to provide a systematic description of the activities of nurses that fall within the principles of health promotion. The objective was to describe the diverse range of nursing activities for health promotion that are provided in the palliative home care setting. This is an integrative review. Fifty-five studies listed in the MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases, and published between 1999 and December 2022, were identified. Data analysis and presentation of the results were guided by Kellehear’s Health-Promoting Palliative Care (HPPC) model. Six themes were identified to describe nursing activities for health promotion in the context of palliative home care: creating a meaningful relationship, supplying medical information, promoting self-care throughout the trajectory, providing emotional support, involving professional or community services and supporting change. The findings point to nurses focusing more on the individual context and on direct care. The relationship with communities in which they work remains unidirectional. However, some HPPC principles are relevant to nursing activities through the contextualization of nurses’ actions and their moral responsibility to work towards the respect of patient’s values. Being poorly described, how nurses can truly engage their practice towards health-promoting principles, such as the enhancement of support and control over their lives for people living with serious illness, still requires further empirical research.
Disparities in Transitions From E-cigarette Use to Other Tobacco Use Patterns Among Sexual Minority Versus Heterosexual Women and Men in the United States
Authors: Romm Katelyn F. , Berg Carla J.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Despite elevated rates of e-cigarette use among sexual minority versus heterosexual young adults, limited research has examined sexual identity in relation to transitions from e-cigarette use to other tobacco use patterns.

Methods:

We analyzed data from 608 US young adults in a 2-year study (2018-2020) who reported using e-cigarettes in the past 6 months (time period between assessments) but no other tobacco product at baseline (Fall 2018). Multinomial logistic regressions among women and men, separately, examined associations between sexual identity and past 6-month tobacco use in Fall 2020 (nonuse [referent group] vs e-cigarette only, other tobacco product only, e-cigarette and other tobacco product dual use), controlling for age and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Among women (n = 340; mean [ M]age = 23.42; n = 147 [43.4%] sexual minority; 29.4% racial/ethnic minority), 34.4% reported nonuse at follow-up, 26.8% e-cigarette only, 10.3% other tobacco product only, and 28.5% e-cigarette and other tobacco product dual use. Sexual minority (vs heterosexual) women displayed greater odds of e-cigarette-only use, as well as dual use relative to nonuse at follow-up. Among men (n = 244; Mage = 24.30; n = 51 [20.9%] sexual minority; 36.1% racial/ethnic minority), 25.4% reported no use, 20.9% e-cigarette only, 17.2% other tobacco product only, and 36.5% dual use at follow-up. Sexual minority (vs heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of e-cigarette only, other tobacco product only, and dual use relative to nonuse at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Research is needed to assess and intervene on tobacco/nicotine product perceptions (eg, harm, social acceptability) and reasons for use (eg, mood regulation) associated with high-risk tobacco use patterns and trajectories, particularly among sexual minority young adult women who may have distinct profiles and risks associated with use.
BTK inhibitors in CLL: second-generation drugs and beyond
Authors: Tam Constantine , Thompson Philip A.
Published: March 2024

BTK inhibitors (BTKis) are established standards of care in multiple B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The first-generation BTKi ibrutinib demonstrated superiority over standard chemoimmunotherapy regimens in multiple randomized trials but is limited by cardiovascular side effects such as atrial fibrillation and hypertension. Second-generation BTKis have improved selectivity and demonstrate reduced rates of cardiovascular complications in 3 head-to-head ibrutinib studies. The emergence of BTK C481S mutation has led to the development of noncovalent, “reversible” BTKis, such as pirtobrutinib, which are agnostic to the C481S mutation. However, these inhibitors are associated with resistant mutations outside the C481 hot spot. These variant non-C481 mutations are of great clinical interest because some are shared among pirtobrutinib, zanubrutinib, and acalabrutinib, with potential implications for cross resistance and treatment sequencing. Finally, BTK protein degraders with in vitro activity against C481 and non-C481 mutations are currently in clinical development. Here, we review the evolution of therapeutic BTK-targeting and discuss future directions for clinical research.
Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory mechanisms of different drought-tolerant Gleditsia sinensis seedlings under drought stress
Authors: Liu Fuhua , Zhao Yang , Wang Xiurong , Wang Biao , Xiao Feng , He Kequan
Published: March 2024

Background

Gleditsia sinensis is a significant tree species from both ecological and economic perspectives. However, its growth is hampered by temporary droughts during the seedling stage, thereby impeding the development of the G. sinensis industry. Drought stress and rehydration of semi-annual potted seedlings using an artificial simulated water control method. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were conducted on leaves collected from highly resistant (HR) and highly susceptible (HS) seedling families at five different stages during the process of drought stress and rehydration to investigate their gene expression patterns.

Results

The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in pathways related to “chloroplast” (GO:0009507), “photosynthesis” (GO:0015979), “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), “flavonoid biosynthesis” (map00941), “stress response”, “response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)” (GO:0000302), “signal transduction” (GO:0007165) in G. sinensis HR and HS families exposed to mild and severe drought stress. Additionally, the pathways related to “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), and osmoregulation were also enriched. The difference in drought tolerance between the two families of G. sinensis may be associated with “transmembrane transporter activity” (GO:0022857), “stress response”, “hormones and signal transduction” (GO:0007165), “cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis” (map00073), “ribosome” (map03010), “photosynthesis” (map00195), “sugar metabolism”, and others. An enrichment analysis of DEGs under severe drought stress suggests that the drought tolerance of both families may be related to “water-soluble vitamin metabolic process” (GO:0006767), “photosynthesis” (map00195), “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), “starch and sucrose metabolism” (map00500), and “galactose metabolism” (map00052). Osmoregulation-related genes such as delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), Amino acid permease (AAP), Amino acid permease 2 (AAP2) and Trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), as well as the antioxidant enzyme L-ascorbate peroxidase 6 (APX6), may be significant genes involved in drought tolerance in G. sinensis. Five genes were selected randomly to validate the RNA-seq results using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and they indicated that the transcriptome data were reliable.

Conclusions

The study presents information on the molecular regulation of the drought tolerance mechanism in G. sinensis and provides a reference for further research on the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance breeding of G. sinensis.