bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roots of Sin and Destruction of the Religious Education in the Shia Belief
Authors: Sadeghiyan Mehri
Published: March 2016

The religious Education is one of the key components of the present age detachment from which poses numerous problems for the society Islamic. One of the factors effective in the destruction of the religious Education is the roots of sin avoiding which can lead to the improvement of the religious Education of the members of the society. Thus, the present paper is aimed at familiarization with the most important roots of sin and its impacts on the destruction of the religious Education based on Islamic teachings In the Shia Belief. In order to achieve this goal, By means of a descriptive-analytical method, it has been attempted to look into the concept of sin and the religious Education and the most important roots of sin paving the way for the destruction of this lifestyle, so that according to them the members of society will be led towards a religious Education which will result in a society enriched and adorned by religious culture.
Production and Interaction between Gesture and Speech: A Review
Authors: Gao Ying , Liu Yuqin , Zhou Chunyue
Published: March 2016

Gesture in multimodal researches has been studied widely recently, and how gesture interacts with speech in communication is the focus in most researches. Some hypotheses or models about production and interaction between gesture and speech are introduced and compared in this paper. We find that it is generally agreed that speech production mechanism can be explained based on Levelt’s Model; while there is no consistency about gesture production and the interaction between gesture and speech. Most of theories argue that gesture stems from the visual-spatial images in working memory; some models approve of the interactive relationship while others consider no interaction between gesture and speech. Further research will be made in the areas of theoretical and applicative aspects.
A Qualitative Study of Reading Comprehension: An Insight from Pakistani Context Bridging the Needs of Engineering Students
Authors: Channa Mansoor Ahmed , Nordin Zaimuariffudin Shukri , Simming Insaf Ali , Chandio Ali Asgher
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to investigate the teachers’ opinions in terms of reading comprehension instruction to the engineering students for bridging their difficulties in reading academic text in communication subject. The study was conducted in the four engineering departments of one university in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews of 10 teachers were used as a qualitative instrument to collect data for this study to know the needs of engineering students in terms of reading comprehension. The data was analyzed through NVivo version 8 for interpretation of the results. This study provided the most promising findings to develop reading ability among engineering students. The findings revealed that teachers should use rereading text, text scanning, and text skimming strategies to develop reading comprehension ability of engineering students.
Toekomstbestendige wetgeving: duurzaam? wendbaar? duurzaam wendbaar?
Authors: Veerman Gert Jan
Published: March 2016

Toekomstbestendige wetgeving: duurzaam? wendbaar? duurzaam wendbaar?

‘Toekomstbestendigheid’ is in de mode, dat geldt ook voor het idee van de toekomstbestendige wetgeving. Van oorsprong betekent toekomstbestendig: duurzaam. Dat wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van het materiaal waarop teksten vroeger werden vastgelegd en van ideeën over de aard en oorsprong van regels: een godheid, de natuur, het wezen van de mens. Empirisch gesproken, is wetgeving niet zo duurzaam, maar wordt zij aangepast aan de maatschappelijke omstandigheden. Dat is in het algemeen zo, maar is ook vast te stellen voor de recente tijd. Een onderzoek naar wetten die de laatste tien jaar niet zijn gewijzigd, laat zien dat dergelijke wetgeving nauwelijks voorkomt en dat die zeer specifieke situaties betreft.

In een recente brief van de Minister van Economische Zaken over ‘Toekomstbestendige wetgeving’ lijkt toekomstbestendigheid een andere inhoud te hebben gekregen. Wetgeving moet wendbaar zijn om innovatie te faciliteren. Om niettemin tegemoet te komen aan de bescherming van publieke belangen wordt van de wetgever gevraagd ‘duurzaam wendbare’ wetgeving te ontwerpen. Drie operationaliseringen worden gegeven van dergelijke structureel wendbare wetgeving: doelregulering, ‘Right to Challenge’ en experimenteerbepalingen. Nadere analyse leert dat sprake is van een conceptuele vergissing, dat een politieke belangenafweging wordt vermomd als een technisch-legislatieve, dat de drie operationaliseringen zo structureel niet zijn en de nodige nadelen hebben. Wetgeving is al wendbaar, wordt aangepast aan de maatschappelijke omstandigheden en het daarvoor gewenste beleid. Zo worden (de) drie betekenissen van het concept van ‘toekomstbestendige wetgeving’ in het artikel ten grave gedragen.
Paden naar Utopia
Authors: Florijn Erik
Published: March 2016

Paden naar Utopia Over regels, regeldruk en experimenten in het onderwijs

De Staatssecretaris van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap (OCW) maakte onlangs bekend dat hij een experiment met regelluwe scholen wil starten. Het experiment houdt in dat ongeveer zestig ‘excellente’ scholen zes jaar lang de ruimte krijgen om met het oog op verbetering van de kwaliteit of de doelmatigheid van het onderwijs af te wijken van vrijwel alle onderwijsrechtelijke bepalingen. In dit artikel gaat de auteur na of het experiment met regelluwe scholen als een voorbeeld kan dienen voor het werken met experimenteerbepalingen zoals het kabinet dat voor ogen staat, of dat uit de opzet van dit experiment juist andere lessen kunnen worden getrokken. De auteur ziet een aantal knelpunten bij dit experiment. Zo worden onder meer opmerkingen gemaakt over de meetbaarheid van kwaliteit van onderwijs, de vormgeving van het experiment, de verhouding tussen het experimentenbesluit en de bovenliggende wet, en de praktische uitvoerbaarheid van een evaluatie.
Niet bekrachtigen of weigeren contraseign?
Authors: Borman Tim
Published: March 2016

Niet bekrachtigen of weigeren contraseign?

In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op de staatsrechtelijke finesses van de bekrachtiging van wetsvoorstellen nadat zij door de Eerste Kamer zijn aangenomen, het ministeriële contraseign en het verschil tussen die twee zaken. Letterlijk genomen ziet de term ‘bekrachtigen’ in de tekst van artikel 87 lid 1 Grondwet op een daad van de Koning en is de contrasignering door één of meer bewindspersonen een staatsrechtelijk en procedureel daarvan te onderscheiden handeling. Toch moet de bekrachtiging als geheel, dus inclusief het contraseign, worden gezien als een daad van de regering. Daarnaast gaat de auteur in op de niet-bekrachtiging van initiatiefwetsvoorstellen. De procedure voor niet-bekrachtiging wordt besproken, alsmede enige staatsrechtelijke curiosa die zich in de geschiedenis op dat punt hebben voorgedaan. Het blijkt dat niet-bekrachtiging niet alleen bij initiatiefwetsvoorstellen is voorgekomen, maar dat ook een aantal maal is afgezien van bekrachtiging van regeringsvoorstellen.
Een algemene bepaling of preambule voor de Nederlandse Grondwet – gerommel in de marge?
Authors: von Meijenfeldt Mirjam , Molendijk Roos
Published: March 2016

Een algemene bepaling of preambule voor de Nederlandse Grondwet – gerommel in de marge?

De regering heeft voorgesteld een algemene bepaling aan de Grondwet toe te voegen waarin staat dat de Grondwet de kernwaarden democratie, rechtsstaat en grondrechten waarborgt. In reactie op het door Adams en Leenknegt geschreven artikel wordt betoogd dat zowel een algemene bepaling als een preambule bij de huidige constitutionele stand van zaken slechts gerommel in de marge is. Het voorstel gaat voorbij aan waar het daadwerkelijk om gaat: een fundamentele herbezinning op de Grondwet en diens plaats in de samenleving.
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor: An Update
Authors: Bakiratharajan David , Rekhi Bharat
Published: March 2016

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, initially described by Enzinger and colleagues. Until now, nearly 300 such cases have been reported worldwide. The histogenesis of these tumors remains controversial. These tumors show characteristic imaging findings and exhibit a spectrum of histopathologic features, including classical and atypical subtypes. Local recurrences and, occasionally, distant metastases have also been reported. A complete tumor resection forms the preferred treatment modality for these tumors, along with follow-up, as these tumors have an uncertain malignant potential. Lately, certain “molecular signatures” underlying OFMTs have been described that can further aid in reaching an accurate diagnosis for these tumors and unraveling their pathogenesis. This article is a review of the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and molecular features of OFMTs.
Ribonucleic Acid In Situ Hybridization Is a More Sensitive Method Than Immunohistochemistry in Detection of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 and Napsin A Expression in Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Shi Jianhui , Liu Haiyan , Ma Xiao-Jun , Chen Zongming , He Ming-Xiao , Luo Yuling , Lin Fan
Published: March 2016

TTF-1 and napsin A immunomarkers have a crucial role in differentiating lung adenocarcinoma from lung squamous cell carcinoma and in identifying a primary lung adenocarcinoma when working on a tumor of unknown origin.Context.—

To investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in the detection of expression of these biomarkers in lung adenocarcinomas and to compare RNAscope to immunohistochemical techniques.Objectives.—

Both RNAscope and the immunohistochemical assays for TTF-1 and napsin A were performed on tissue microarray sections containing 80 lung adenocarcinomas and 80 lung squamous cell carcinomas. The RNAscope assay for both TTF-1 and napsin A was also performed on 220 adenocarcinomas from various organs.Design.—

The RNAscope assay for TTF-1 gave positive results in 92.5% (74 of 80) of the lung adenocarcinomas; in contrast, immunohistochemistry gave positive results in 82.5% (66 of 80) of those cases. The RNAscope assay for napsin A gave positive results in 90% (72 of 80) of lung adenocarcinomas; immunohistochemistry results were positive in 77.5% (62 of 80) of those cases. Napsin A expression was not seen in lung squamous cell carcinomas by either method. In contrast, TTF-1 expression was seen in 3.8% (3 of 80) (1+) and 10% (8 of 80) (1+) of the squamous cell carcinomas by immunochemistry and the RNAscope, respectively. All nonpulmonary adenocarcinoma results were negative for TTF-1 by the RNAscope assay.Results.—

Preliminary data suggest that RNAscope is superior to immunohistochemistry in detecting TTF-1 and napsin A expression in primary lung adenocarcinomas. Therefore, performing an RNAscope assay may be considered for both TTF-1− and napsin A− cases with a clinical suspicion of lung adenocarcinoma. The TTF-1 results should be interpreted with caution because a small percentage of squamous cell carcinomas can be focally positive by either assay.Conclusions.—
Residual β-Cell Function Predicts Clinical Response After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Xiang Hang , Yang Chao , Xiang Tianyuan , Wang Zheng , Ge Xin , Li Fan , Su Yuehan , Chen Haixu , Huang Xianyong , Zeng Qiang
Published: March 2016

New strategies of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) have gained much interest for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, assessing the clinical response and residual β-cell function still has limitations. The aim of the study was to select the optimal quantitative index to assess pre-existing β-cell function and to explore its predictive function for clinical response after auto-HSCT therapy. In this study, all of the patients who had undergone auto-HSCT were clustered into a responder group (Δβ-score > 0) and a nonresponder group (Δβ-score ≤ 0). We compared their quantitative metabolic indexes at baseline and performed receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to analyze the correlations between the indexes and clinical response. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare the cumulative response durations in each quartile of the selected indexes. In an average of 15.13 ± 6.15 months of follow-up, 44 of 112 patients achieved a clinical response. The responder group had lower levels of fasting plasma glucose and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) but higher levels of fasting C-peptide, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ROC analysis showed that HOMA-IR had the largest area under the curve (0.756), which was similar to that of QUICKI. Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed that the third quartile (1.3371–1.7018) of HOMA-IR or the second quartile (0.3523–0.3657) of QUICKI was preferential for a prolonged response. In conclusion, HOMA-IR and QUICKI could be optimal measurements for β-cell reserves, and they were predictive for the clinical response after auto-HSCT.

Significance

The β-score was comprehensive and reliable in evaluating clinical response after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The homeostasis model assessments for insulin resistance and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index could serve as precise assessments for residual β-cell function and good predictors of clinical response. They might be used to select optimal clinical trial participants or predict the clinical response after auto-HSCT.
Efficacy of CD34+ Stem Cell Therapy in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Absent in Patients With Diabetes but Preserved in Patients With Insulin Resistance
Authors: Vrtovec Bojan , Sever Matjaz , Jensterle Mojca , Poglajen Gregor , Janez Andrej , Kravos Nika , Zemljic Gregor , Cukjati Marko , Cernelc Peter , Haddad François , Wu Joseph C. , Jorde Ulrich P.
Published: March 2016

We evaluated the association of diabetes and insulin resistance with the response to cell therapy in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A total of 45 outpatients with DCM received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for 5 days. CD34+ cells were then collected by apheresis and injected transendocardially. Twelve patients had diabetes mellitus (DM group), 17 had insulin resistance (IR group), and 16 displayed normal glucose metabolism (no-IR group). After stimulation, we found higher numbers of CD34+ cells in the IR group (94 ± 73 × 106 cells per liter) than in the no-IR group (54 ± 35 × 106 cells per liter) or DM group (31 ± 20 × 106 cells per liter; p = .005). Similarly, apheresis yielded the highest numbers of CD34+ cells in the IR group (IR group, 216 ± 110 × 106 cells; no-IR group, 127 ± 82 × 106 cells; DM group, 77 ± 83 × 106 cells; p = .002). Six months after cell therapy, we found an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction in the IR group (+5.6% ± 6.9%) and the no-IR group (+4.4% ± 7.2%) but not in the DM group (−0.9% ± 5.4%; p = .035). The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels decreased in the IR and no-IR groups, but not in the DM group (−606 ± 850 pg/ml; −698 ± 1,105 pg/ml; and +238 ± 963 pg/ml, respectively; p = .034). Transendocardial CD34+ cell therapy appears to be ineffective in DCM patients with diabetes. IR was associated with improved CD34+ stem cell mobilization and a preserved clinical response to cell therapy.

Significance

The present study is the first clinical study directly evaluating the effects of altered glucose metabolism on the efficacy of CD34+ stem cell therapy in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The results offer critical insights into the physiology of stem cell mobilization in heart failure and possibly an explanation for the often conflicting results obtained with stem cell therapy for heart failure. These results demonstrate that patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and diabetes do not benefit from autologous CD34+ cell therapy. This finding could serve as a useful tool when selecting heart failure patients for future clinical studies in the field of stem cell therapy.
Effective Hypothermic Storage of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Compatible With Global Distribution of Cells for Clinical Applications and Toxicology Testing
Authors: Correia Cláudia , Koshkin Alexey , Carido Madalena , Espinha Nuno , Šarić Tomo , Lima Pedro A. , Serra Margarida , Alves Paula M.
Published: March 2016

To fully explore the potential of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), efficient methods for storage and shipment of these cells are required. Here, we evaluated the feasibility to cold store monolayers and aggregates of functional CMs obtained from different PSC lines using a fully defined clinical-compatible preservation formulation and investigated the time frame that hPSC-CMs could be subjected to hypothermic storage. We showed that two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of hPSC-CMs can be efficiently stored at 4°C for 3 days without compromising cell viability. However, cell viability decreased when the cold storage interval was extended to 7 days. We demonstrated that hPSC-CMs are more resistant to prolonged hypothermic storage-induced cell injury in three-dimensional aggregates than in 2D monolayers, showing high cell recoveries (>70%) after 7 days of storage. Importantly, hPSC-CMs maintained their typical (ultra)structure, gene and protein expression profile, electrophysiological profiles, and drug responsiveness.

Significance

The applicability of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) in the clinic/industry is highly dependent on the development of efficient methods for worldwide shipment of these cells. This study established effective clinically compatible strategies for cold (4°C) storage of hPSC-CMs cultured as two-dimensional (2D) monolayers and three-dimensional (3D) aggregates. Cell recovery of 2D monolayers of hPSC-CMs was found to be dependent on the time of storage, and 3D cell aggregates were more resistant to prolonged cold storage than 2D monolayers. Of note, it was demonstrated that 7 days of cold storage did not affect hPSC-CM ultrastructure, phenotype, or function. This study provides important insights into the cold preservation of PSC-CMs that could be valuable in improving global commercial distribution of hPSC-CMs.
Rapamycin-Induced Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2A Is Essential for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Authors: Preitschopf Andrea , Schörghofer David , Kinslechner Katharina , Schütz Birgit , Zwickl Hannes , Rosner Margit , Joó József Gabor , Nehrer Stefan , Hengstschläger Markus , Mikula Mario
Published: March 2016

Amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells represent a major source of donor cells for cartilage repair. Recently, it became clear that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition has beneficial effects on cartilage homeostasis, but the effect of mTOR on chondrogenic differentiation is still elusive. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) modulation on the expression of SOX9 and on its downstream targets during chondrogenic differentiation of AFS cells. We performed three-dimensional pellet culturing of AFS cells and of in vitro-expanded, human-derived chondrocytes in the presence of chondrogenic factors. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin or by small interfering RNA-mediated targeting of raptor (gene name, RPTOR) led to increased AKT activation, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 2A, and an increase in SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN abundance. Here we show that HIF2A expression is essential for chondrogenic differentiation and that AKT activity regulates HIF2A amounts. Importantly, engraftment of AFS cells in cell pellets composed of human chondrocytes revealed an advantage of raptor knockdown cells compared with control cells in their ability to express SOX9. Our results demonstrate that mTORC1 inhibition leads to AKT activation and an increase in HIF2A expression. Therefore, we suggest that mTORC1 inhibition is a powerful tool for enhancing chondrogenic differentiation of AFS cells and also of in vitro-expanded adult chondrocytes before transplantation.

Significance

Repair of cartilage defects is still an unresolved issue in regenerative medicine. Results of this study showed that inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, by rapamycin or by small interfering RNA-mediated targeting of raptor (gene name, RPTOR), enhanced amniotic fluid stem cell differentiation toward a chondrocytic phenotype and increased their engrafting efficiency into cartilaginous structures. Moreover, freshly isolated and in vitro passaged human chondrocytes also showed redifferentiation upon mTORC1 inhibition during culturing. Therefore, this study revealed that rapamycin could enable a more efficient clinical use of cell-based therapy approaches to treat articular cartilage defects.
Enhanced light emission from germanium microdisks on silicon by surface passivation through thermal oxidation
Authors: Xu Xuejun , Hashimoto Hideaki , Sawano Kentarou , Nohira Hiroshi , Maruizumi Takuya
Published: March 2016

We have observed enhanced direct-gap light emission from undoped and n-doped germanium microdisks on silicon. The enhancement is attributed mainly to increased carrier density due to surface passivation of the dry-etched sidewall. The enhancement factor increases as the disk size decreases, approaching 4 for microdisks with radii of 1 µm. To achieve maximum enhancement and not modify the geometric structure of resonators, 450–500 °C is found to be the best temperature window. Thermal oxidation is also effective for the degraded interface induced by sputtered Al2O3. These results indicate that thermal oxidation is a promising method suitable for fabrication of low-threshold germanium lasers.
Multilayer ReS2 lateral p–n homojunction for photoemission and photodetection
Authors: Najmzadeh Mohammad , Ko Changhyun , Wu Kedi , Tongay Sefaattin , Wu Junqiao
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a multilayer ReS2 p–n homojunction is fabricated on an oxidized Si substrate, and its photoemission under a forward bias and its photodetection under a reverse bias are reported for the first time. Au nanoparticles were used to make lateral p–n homojunctions. The device shows room temperature photoemission in the IR range, and in the photodetector mode, it shows a 0.41 A/W responsivity under illumination by a 660 nm red laser.
Realised Volatility Forecasts for Stock Index Futures Using the HAR Models with Bayesian Approaches *
Authors: Luo Jiawen , Chen Langnan
Published: March 2016

We investigate the realised volatility (RV) forecasts for the short, mid, and long term by developing the HAR models with Bayesian approaches and employing the high-frequency data of the China Stock Index 300 (CSI300) future for the period from 16 April 2010 to 21 May 2014. We also evaluate the performances of competing models for both in-sample forecasts and out-of-sample forecasts. We find that the proposed HAR-type models with Bayesian approaches capture the time-varying properties of parameters and predictor sets. We also find that the HAR-type models with Bayesian approaches have superior forecast performance for both in-sample forecasts and out-of-sample forecasts as compared with the benchmark HAR-type models.
Energetic particle precipitation: A major driver of the ozone budget in the Antarctic upper stratosphere
Authors: Damiani Alessandro , Funke Bernd , López Puertas Manuel , Santee Michelle L. , Cordero Raul R. , Watanabe Shingo
Published: March 2016

Geomagnetic activity is thought to affect ozone and, possibly, climate in polar regions via energetic particle precipitation (EPP) but observational evidence of its importance in the seasonal stratospheric ozone variation on long time scales is still lacking. Here we fill this gap by showing that at high southern latitudes, late winter ozone series, covering the 1979–2014 period, exhibit an average stratospheric depletion of about 10–15% on a monthly basis caused by EPP. Daily observations indicate that every austral winter EPP‐induced low ozone concentrations appear at about 45 km in late June and descend later to 30 km, before disappearing by September. Such stratospheric variations are coupled with mesospheric ozone changes also driven by EPP. No significant correlation between these ozone variations and solar ultraviolet irradiance has been found. This suggests the need of including the EPP forcing in both ozone model simulations and trend analysis.
Role of Stress Factors on the Adhesion of Interfaces in R2R Fabricated Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Corazza Michael , Rolston Nicholas , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Beliatis MichailJ. , Krebs Frederik C. , Gevorgyan Suren A.
Published: March 2016

The role of the common stress factors such as high temperature, humidity, and UV irradiation on interface adhesion of roll‐to‐roll fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is investigated. The samples range from bare front electrodes to complete devices. It is shown that applying single stress or combinations of stresses onto the samples variably affect the adhesion properties of the different interfaces in the OPV device. It is revealed that while the exposure of the complete devices to the stresses results in the loss of photovoltaic performance, some interfaces in the devices present improved adhesion properties. Depth profiling analysis on the fractured samples reveals interdiffusion of layers in the structure, which results in the increase of adhesion and change of the debond path. It is shown that through diffusion and intermixing of internal interfaces coupled stresses can increase the adhesion of OPV interfaces by over tenfold. The results are additionally compared to the photovoltaic performance of the complete devices.
Thinking of VACTERL‐H? Rule out Fanconi Anemia according to PHENOS
Authors: Alter Blanche P. , Giri Neelam
Published: March 2016

VACTERL‐H association includes three of eight features: vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, congenital heart disease, tracheo‐esophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal, limb anomalies, and hydrocephalus. The VACTERL‐H phenotype among cases with FA is considered to be about 5%; the frequency of FA among patients with VACTERL‐H is unknown. We examined 54 patients with FA in the National Cancer Institute Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome Cohort for features of VACTERL‐H, including imaging studies (radiology and ultrasound). Eighteen of the fifty‐four patients had three or more VACTERL‐H features. The presence of VACTERL‐H association in 33% of those with FA is much higher than the previous estimate of 5% (P < 0.0001). We created the acronym PHENOS (Pigmentation, small Head, small Eyes, central Nervous system (not hydrocephalus), Otology, and Short stature) which includes all major phenotypic features of FA that are not in VACTERL‐H; these findings were more frequent in the patients with FA who had VACTERL‐H. Identification of any components of the VACTERL‐H association should lead to imaging studies, and to consideration of the diagnosis of FA, particularly if the patient has radial ray and renal anomalies, as well as many features of PHENOS. There was no association of the presence or absence of VACTERL‐H with development of cancer, stem cell transplant, or survival. Early diagnosis will lead to genetic counseling and early surveillance and management of complications of FA. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome‐wide analyses of aggressiveness in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Brevik Erlend J. , van Donkelaar Marjolein M. J. , Weber Heike , Sánchez‐Mora Cristina , Jacob Christian , Rivero Olga , Kittel‐Schneider Sarah , Garcia‐Martínez Iris , Aebi Marcel , van Hulzen Kimm , Cormand Bru , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep A. ,   IMAGE Consortium, Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Reif Andreas , Ribasés Marta , Franke Barbara , Posserud Maj‐Britt , Johansson Stefan , Lundervold Astri J. , Haavik Jan , Zayats Tetyana
Published: March 2016

Aggressiveness is a behavioral trait that has the potential to be harmful to individuals and society. With an estimated heritability of about 40%, genetics is important in its development. We performed an exploratory genome‐wide association (GWA) analysis of childhood aggressiveness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to gain insight into the underlying biological processes associated with this trait. Our primary sample consisted of 1,060 adult ADHD patients (aADHD). To further explore the genetic architecture of childhood aggressiveness, we performed enrichment analyses of suggestive genome‐wide associations observed in aADHD among GWA signals of dimensions of oppositionality (defiant/vindictive and irritable dimensions) in childhood ADHD (cADHD). No single polymorphism reached genome‐wide significance (P < 5.00E‐08). The strongest signal in aADHD was observed at rs10826548, within a long noncoding RNA gene (beta = −1.66, standard error (SE) = 0.34, P = 1.07E‐06), closely followed by rs35974940 in the neurotrimin gene (beta = 3.23, SE = 0.67, P = 1.26E‐06). The top GWA SNPs observed in aADHD showed significant enrichment of signals from both the defiant/vindictive dimension (Fisher's P‐value = 2.28E‐06) and the irritable dimension in cADHD (Fisher's P‐value = 0.0061). In sum, our results identify a number of biologically interesting markers possibly underlying childhood aggressiveness and provide targets for further genetic exploration of aggressiveness across psychiatric disorders. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cooperative Tasking for Deterministic Specification Automata
Authors: Karimadini Mohammad , Lin Hai , Karimoddini Ali
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes necessary and sufficient conditions for task decomposability with respect to an arbitrary finite number of agents. It is furthermore shown that fulfilling the decomposed local tasks by individual agents guarantees the satisfaction of the original global decomposable task. A divide‐and‐conquer approach for cooperative tasking among multi‐agent systems is proposed. The basic idea is to decompose an assigned global specification (given as a deterministic automaton) into subtasks for individual concurrent agents such that the fulfillment of these subtasks by each individual agent leads to the satisfaction of the global specification as a team. A cooperative scenario involving three robots has been implemented to illustrate the proposed technique. This work provides insights into what kinds of tasks can be achieved distributively, which helps designers specify achievable global tasks for a group of agents and design necessary information sharing among each other for a particular task.
Regulation of iron acquisition responses in plant roots by a transcription factor
Authors: Bauer Petra
Published: March 2016

The presented research hypothesis‐driven laboratory exercise teaches advanced undergraduate students state of the art methods and thinking in an integrated molecular physiology context. Students understand the theoretical background of iron acquisition in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. They design a flowchart summarizing the key steps of the experimental approach. Students are made familiar with current techniques such as qPCR. Following their experimental outline, students grow Arabidopsis seedlings up to the age of six days under sufficient and deficient iron supply. The Arabidopsis plants are of two different genotypes, namely wild type and fit loss of function mutants. fit mutants lack the essential transcription factor FIT, required for iron acquisition and plant growth. Students monitor growth phenotypes and root iron reductase activity in a quantitative and qualitative manner. Then, students determine gene expression regulation of FIT, FRO2, and a reference gene by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). Finally, students interpet their results and build a model summarizing the connections between morphological, physiological and molecular iron deficiency responses. Learning outcomes and suggestions for integrating the course concept are explained. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(5):438–449, 2016.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUCTION OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC LIQUIDS
Authors: BUSKE NORBERT , SONNTAG HANS
Published: March 2016

Superparamagnetische Flüssigkeiten sind stabile Suspensionen mit fein verteilten magnetischen Teilchen im allgemeinen in einem organischen Dispersionsmedium.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL REARRANGEMENT OF A BENZO(B)THIEPIN DERIVATIVE
Authors: WEINTRAUB P. M. , SILL A. D.
Published: March 2016

Das Bromdihydrobenzothiepinon (I) lagert sich bei der Behandlung mit Lithiumbromid und Lithiumcarbonat in Dimethylformamid‐Lösung in ein Gemisch der Tricyclen (II) und (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: OXANILIC ACIDS, A NEW SERIES OF ORALLY ACTIVE ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS
Authors: SELLSTEDT J. H. , GUINOSSO C. J. , BEGANY A. J. , BELL S. C. , ROSENTHALE M.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Aminen (I) entstehen bei der Behandlung mit Oxalsäureesterchloridl (II) die Oxamidester (III).
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE OXIDATION OF TROPAN‐3α‐OL WITH BENZOYL CHLORIDE
Authors: KOCIENSKI P. J. , KIRKUP M.
Published: March 2016

Tropinon (I) wird zu dem deuterierten Tropinol (IIb) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC QUINONES. II. SYNTHESES AND DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF QUINAZOLONE, QUINOXALINE, AND INDOLO(2,3‐B)QUINOXALINE QUINONES
Authors: KUMAR GYANENDRA , BHADURI A. P.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von den Verbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) werden die Heterocyclen (V) [über die Stufe (III)], (VI), (VIIa) und (VIIb) synthetisiert, deren Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen mit Dienen untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROORGANIC CHEMISTRY. XVIII. ANODIC OXIDATION OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANES
Authors: SHONO TATSUYA , MATSUMURA YOSHIHIRO
Published: March 2016

Bei der anodischen Oxidation von Alkylcyclopropanen, wie (I) und (IV), in Methanol wird die C‐C‐Bindung zwischen den am höchsten substituierten C‐Atomen gespalten [Bildung der Verbindungen (II) und (III) bzw. (V) und (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE, BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE, AND TRIFLUORONITROSOMETHANE BY CHEMICAL PLASMA
Authors: SCHMEISSER M. , HEUSER W. , DANZMANN E.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktionen ivon Hexafluoräthan und Trifluorchlormethan mit zweiatomigen Molekülen im induktiven Hochfrequenzplasma (12 MHz) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ODD‐NUMBERED ALKANECARBONIC ACID AMIDES. RADIATION CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF ODD‐NUMBERED ALKANECARBONIC ACID AMIDES FROM ETHYLENE AND FORMAMIDE
Authors: DEDERICHS B. , SAUS A. , RATH H. P.
Published: March 2016

Durch gammastrahleninitiierte Telomerisation von Formamid (I) mit Äthylen (II) unter Druck werden primäre Alkancarbonsäureamide (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF SODIUM SALTS OF SUBSTITUTED 4‐HYDROXYAZOBENZENES WITH 1,4‐BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)BENZENE
Authors: IOVU M. , RADU S.
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensation der Natriumsalze (I) von subst. 4‐Hydroxyazobenzolen mit 1,4‐Bis‐(chlormethyl)‐benzol (II) unter wasserfreien Bedingungen in Benzol/Äthanol entstehen die Azobisäther (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW PYRAZOLINES FROM 4‐DIMETHYLAMINOCHALCONE AND 2‐P‐DIMETHYLAMINOCINNAMOYL‐1‐NAPHTHOL
Authors: HOSNI GALAL , SAAD SAMIR F.
Published: March 2016

Die Chalcone (II) reagieren mit Hydrazinhydrat, Benzolsulfonhydrazid und Phenylhydrazin in siedendem Äthanol zu den Pyrazolir‐1‐ Derivaten (I).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DIFLUORONITROALKYL ESTERS OF SUBSTITUTED ORTHOSILICIC ACIDS
Authors: FOKIN A. V. , VORONKOV A. N. , SHIROKOV S. V. , SHEVCHENKO V. I. , KOMAROV V. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Methyl‐dichlorsilane (I) und die Fluornitroalkohole (II) reagieren bei 60°C zu den Alkyl‐methyl‐bis‐difluornitroalkoxysilanen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (1‐3‐η‐ALLYL)DICARBONYLMOLYBDENUM(II) AND ‐TUNGSTEN(II) COMPLEXES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH CHELATING ANIONS
Authors: BRISDON BRIAN J. , GRIFFIN GERALD F.
Published: March 2016

Die Allyldicarbonyl‐Mo‐ und ‐W‐Kom‐ plexe (IV) werden nach einer oder mehreren der vier aufgezeigten präparativen Wege dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS. II. AMIDOALKYLATION OF OLEFINS WITH GLYOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: ALTMAN J. , MOSHBERG R. , BEN‐ISHAI D.
Published: March 2016

In Gegenwart von sauren Katalysatoren erhält man aus den Olefinen (I) und dem Methyla‐methoxy‐hippurat (II) die ungesättigten Amidester (III), die alkalisch zu (IV) verseift und dann sauer zu (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF HETEROPOLY ELECTROLYTES
Authors: PAPACONSTANTINOU ELIAS
Published: March 2016

Es wird die kontinuierliche Radiolyse ("Co‐ty‐Bestrahlung) von wäßrigen Lösungen der Heteropolyelektrolyte (NH4)6(P2Mo18O62), (NH4)6(P2W18O6,) und Na3(PW"O′40) in Gegenwart von O2, Ar, N2O, einigen niederen Alkoholen oder Ameisensäure bei pH‐Werten zwischen 1 und 4 untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITIONS IN THE BINAPHTHYL SERIES
Authors: NAKAMURA YUSHIN , HOLLENSTEIN ROGER , ZSINDELY JANOS , SCHMID HANS , OBERHAENSLI WILLI E.
Published: March 2016

Die Thermolyse des Binaphthyls (I) verläuft über eine intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion und anschließende Claisen‐Umlagerung zu den überbrückten neuen Ketonen (IIa), (IIb) und (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF THE STEREOISOMERIC TRIETHYL 2‐AMINOCYCLOHEXANE‐1,5,5‐TRICARBOXYLATES
Authors: SKARIC V. , DJURAS B. , SKARIC D.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Cyclohexanon (II) werden je nach Reaktionsbedingungen das Oxim (I) oder der Heterobicyclus (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIONS BY ZINC IN THE PRESENCE OF ACID. II. FORMATION OF CYCLOPROPANES BY Y REDUCTION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES BY ZINC IN THE PRESENCE OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE AND OLEFINS
Authors: ELPHIMOFF‐FELKIN I. , SARDA P.
Published: March 2016

Die Reduktion der Arylcarbaldehyde (I) mit Zink in BF3‐ätherat in Gegenwart der cyclischen Olefine (II) ergibt endo/exo‐Gemische der Bicyclen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION DOUBLE FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS OF MESOIONIC COMPOUNDS WITH DIMETHYL 7‐OXABICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTA‐2,5‐DIENE‐2,3‐DICARBOXYLATE. SYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC HETEROCYCLES
Authors: MATSUKUBO H. , KATO H.
Published: March 2016

Die mesoionischen Heterocyclen (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit dem Oxabicycloheptadiendicarbonsäureester (II) in Benzol über die nicht isolierbaren Zwischenstufen (IIIa) und (IIIb) sowie (IVa) und (IVb) zu dem Pyrrol (Va) = (Vb) und dem Pyrroldicarbonsäureester (VIIa) = (VIIb), wobei im Fall der Reaktion von (Ia) noch zusätzlich die Furane (VIa) und (VIIIa) nachgewiesen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF METAL CARBONYL ANIONS. III. SODIUM‐POTASSIUM ALLOY. EFFICIENT REAGENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL CARBONYL ANIONS
Authors: ELLIS J. E. , FLOM E. A.
Published: March 2016

Potassium Alloy: An Efficient Reagent for the Production of Metal Carbonyl Anions.
ChemInform Abstract: HORMONE‐RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS. SYNTHESES OF α‐MELANOTROPIN AND INFORMATION‐CARRYING SEQUENCES USING ALKALI‐LABILE PROTECTING GROUPS
Authors: EBERLE ALEX , FAUCHERE JEAN‐LUC , TESSER GODEFRIDUS IGNATIUS , SCHWYZER ROBERT
Published: March 2016

Mittels klassischer Aufbaumethoden werden α‐Melanotropin (I) und zahlreiche Peptide mit verschiedenen Teilsequenzen von (I) synthetisiert, die für biologische Untersuchungen in möglichst hoher Reinheit benötigt werden [Ermittlung der Befehlssequenzen, die eine Wechselwirkung zwischen (I) und Melanocyten auslösen].
ChemInform Abstract: ZINC OXIDE‐RICH AREA OF THE TERNARY SYSTEM ZINC OXIDE‐TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE‐SILICON DIOXIDE
Authors: HOLLAND ALEC E. , SEGNIT E. RALPH
Published: March 2016

Im untersuchten Bereich des Systems wird keine ternäre Verbindung gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: IONIC CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCIUM PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS. II. SOLUBILITY OF HYDROXYLAPATITE IN WATER OR SALT SOLUTIONS AT 37.DEG.
Authors: MADSEN H. E. LUNDAGER
Published: March 2016

Es wird eine Tabelle der Caund Phosphatkonzentrationen in mit Hydroxylapatit [Cas OH(PO4)3] gesättigten wäßrigen Lösungen bei 37°C und mehreren Konzentrationen eines indifferenten Salzes bei pH‐Werten zwischen 5 und 8 mit dem Computer berechnet.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION REARRANGEMENT OF 5‐AZACINNOLINE TO 4‐AZAINDOLE
Authors: KARTSEV V. G. , TERENT'EV P. B. , KOST A. N. , BUDYKA M. F.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung des Azacinnolins (I) mit amalgamiertem Zink in 30%iger Essigsäure führt über die Zwischenstufen (II) und (III) zum Azaindol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOACYLATION OF ENAMINES. IV. SYNTHESIS OF 1H‐PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINES
Authors: GROHE K.
Published: March 2016

Die Cyclokondensation von 5‐Aminopyrazolen (I) mit Perchloralkaniminen (II) bei 120‐180°C führt zu Pyrazolopyrimidinen (III), von denen die 4,6‐Dichlor‐Derivate (IV) mit Aminen (V) stufenweise über die Monoamine (VI) zu den disubstituierten Produkten (VII) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDE CHEMISTRY. IX. REACTION OF N,N‐BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)AMINO OXYL WITH TETRAMETHYLSILANE, CHLOROMETHYLSILANES, AND METHOXYMETHYLSILANES
Authors: HASZELDINE ROBERT N. , ROGERS DAVID J. , TIPPING ANTHONY E.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion des Oxyls (II) mit den Silanen (I) führt über die Disubstitutionsverbindungen (III) zu den Silylestern (IV), die jedoch unter den angewendeten Reaktionsbedingungen in‐ stabil sind und sich zersetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLIC IMPURITY‐ACTIVATED CRYSTAL GROWTH OF BORON PHOSPHIDE BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION AND ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: MOTOJIMA SEIJI , MIURA YASUO , SUGIYAMA KOHZO , TAKAHASHI YASUTAKA
Published: March 2016

Nadelförmige BP‐Einkristalle (5‐100 μmØ 4 mm lang) lassen sich durch chemische Abscheidung aus BCl3/PCl3/H2/Ar‐Gasgemischen an mit metallischen Fremdatomen (Mn, Ni, Pt, Ag oder Au) belegten Quarzsubstraten bei 1060‐1120°C herstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,9,14,20‐TETRA‐TERT‐BUTYL‐1,10,12‐TRISDEHYDRO(20)ANNULENE, A PARATROPIC 20Π‐ELECTRON SYSTEM
Authors: NAKATSUJI S. , NAKAGAWA M.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem entsprechenden Keton entsteht das Acetal (Ia), dessen Li‐Verbindung (Ib) mit dem Keton (II) zu (III) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROGENATION OF ANTHRAQUINONEIMIDAZOLINES AND REACTION OF ANTHRAQUINONEISOIMIDAZOLES WITH NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS
Authors: LOSKUTOV V. A. , KONSTANTINOVA A. V. , FOKIN E. P.
Published: March 2016

Die Dihydroanthraimidazoldione (I) reagieren mit äquimolaren Mengen von Br, in Eisessig bei 20‐25°C unter Bildung der Bromderivate (II); durch einen Brg‐Überschuß, wie auch durch andere Oxidationsmittel, werden die Dihydroverbindungen (I) zum Anthraimidazoldion (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DI‐O‐TOLYLARSINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: GIGAURI R. D. , INDZHIYA M. A. , CHERNOKAL'SKII B. D. , UGULAVA M. M.
Published: March 2016

Synthese von Derivaten des Di‐o‐tolylarsins.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC METALS. ANNULATED SYM‐DISELENADITHIAFULVALENES
Authors: SPENCER H. K. , LAKSHMIKANTHAM M. V. , CAVA M. P. , GARITO A. F.
Published: March 2016

Das Benzoselenadiazol (I) reagiert mit überschüssigem Schwefelkohlenstoff bei 160°C zu dem Benzoselenathiolanthion (IIa), das durch Behandlung mit Fluorsulfonsäuremethylester, Morpholin und abschließend mit wäßrigem Selenwasserstoff über (IIb) und (IIc) in das Selon (IId) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW PROCESSES FOR THE CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF PARAFFINIC AND OLEFINIC HYDROCARBONS INTO AROMATIC ONES
Authors: GRUIA M. , NOWAK S. , VIEWEG H. G. , ANDERS K. , FELDHAUS R.
Published: March 2016

In der vorliegenden Übersicht mit 20 Literaturhinweisen wird die Dihydrocyclodimerisation von Erdgasfraktionen,vor allem Butan‐ bzw. Butenfraktionenjzu Gemischen von Aromaten,vor allem Benzol, Toluol, Xylolen,behandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH‐PRESSURE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NICKEL PHOSPHIDE SULFIDE (NIPS)
Authors: HENRY R. , NAHIGIAN H. , STEGER J. , WOLD A.
Published: March 2016

NiPS wird in einer Hochdruckappa:‐ ratur bei 60 kbar und 1300°C aus den Elementen synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐BIS(1′‐ALKYLPYRIDINIUM)CYCLOPENTADIENIDES. TRIPOLAR MESOMERIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: ERHARDT W. D. , AMMON H. L.
Published: March 2016

1,3‐Bis(1′‐Alkylpyridinium)cyclopentadiendides: Tripolar Mesomeric Compounds? ‐ 1‐Methyl‐2‐brom‐pyridiniumbromid (I) reagiert mit Inden (II) in Gegenwart von Pottasche zu einem Kondensat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: MERCURY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. VI. CONVENIENT STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS VIA CARBONYLATION OF VINYLMERCURIALS
Authors: LAROCK R. C.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit CO und Alkoholen erhält man aus den Vinylmercurisalzen (II), die aus den Acetylenverbindungen (I) erhalten werden können, in Gegenwart von Palladiumchlorid die α,β‐ungesättigten Ester (III); in Gegenwart von Wasser entstehen die freien Carbonsäuren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AURANTIAMIDE AND AURANTIAMIDE ACETATE, NEW AMIDES FROM PIPER AURANTIACUM
Authors: BANERJI AVIJIT , DAS RITA
Published: March 2016

Die Kondensation von (‐)‐L‐N‐Benzoyl‐phenylalanin mit (‐)‐L‐Phenylalaninol in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid ergibt Aurantiamid (Ia), das mit Acetanhydrid in Pyridin zu (Ib) acetyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC CATALYSIS IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION. VII. KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF REACTION OF NEOPENTYL IODIDE WITH TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM AND SILVER NITRATES AND PERCHLORATES IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: POCKER Y. , WONG WAH‐HUN
Published: March 2016

Die Bildung von Ag‐jodid und Butenen durch die Titelreaktion wird mit und ohne Zusatz von Ammoniumsalz untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OPTICAL BASICITY IN THE SODIUM OXIDE‐BORIC OXIDE GLASS SYSTEM
Authors: DUFFY J. A. , GRANT R. J.
Published: March 2016

Gläser des Na,O‐B,O3‐Systems mit 0‐3 8% Na2O werden stufenweise von Zimmertemperatur bis ca. 600°C erhitzt und die dadurch ausgelösten Veränderungen des UV‐Absorptionsspektrums (speziell der ′So ‐ 3PI‐Bande) von Pb‐"Jndikatorionen beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR ENDOTHERMAL DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS UNDER NONISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS
Authors: HEIDE K. , HOELAND W. , GOELKER H. , SEYFARTH K. , MUELLER B. , SAUER R.
Published: March 2016

Unter Verwendung des Berechnungsverfahrens nach Freeman und Carroll zur Bestimmung kinetischer Parameter aus nicht‐isothermen Messungen wird ein Rechenprogramm beschrieben, das es erlaubt, unter Verwendung von 17 kinetischen Modellgleichungen (chemische Reaktionen, Keimbildung, Phasengrenzreaktionen, Diffusion) den wahrscheinlichsten Reaktionsmechanismus zu bestimmen.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF 1‐HALOGENBICYCLOOTANES
Authors: KRAUS WOLFGANG , GRAEF HANS‐DIETER
Published: March 2016

Das Tosylat (I) reagiert in Di‐ äthyläther mit wasserfreien Metallhalogeniden wie z.B. (II) oder TiCl4 oder FeCl3 zu den Halogeniden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRIKETONES, 1,3‐DIARYL‐3‐(2′‐DIHYDRORESORCINYL)‐1‐PROPANONES
Authors: LELYUKH L. I. , KORSHUNOVA K. M. , KHARCHENKO V. G.
Published: March 2016

Dihydroresorcin bzw. Dimedon (I) reagieren mit Chalkonen (II) in Gegenwart von Piperidin oder besser Natriumäthylat zu den Triketonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ANTHOCYANIDINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. XVII. REACTIONS OF FLAVYLIUM SALTS AND 2‐HYDROXYCHALCONES WITH HYDROXYLAMINE AND HYDRAZINE
Authors: JURD L.
Published: March 2016

Das Flavyliumsalz (Ia) setzt sich mit Hydroxylamin zum Isoxazolin (II) um, das sich beim Erhitzen in das Isomere (III) umlagert.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDES CONTAINING AMINOPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. III. SYNTHESIS OF TRIPEPTIDE ANALOGS CONTAINING AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID
Authors: YAMAUCHI KIYOSHI , MITSUDA YASUHIRO , KINOSHITA MASAYOSHI
Published: March 2016

Das ′Phthalimidomethylphosphonat (Ia) wird zu (Ib) chloriert bzw. durch Behandeln mit Hydrazin in Äthanol bei Raumtemperatur zu dem Aminomethylphosphonat (II) abgebaut.