bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structural basis for cancer drug interactions with the catalytic and allosteric sites of SAMHD1
Authors: Knecht Kirsten M. , Buzovetsky Olga , Schneider Constanze , Thomas Dominique , Srikanth Vishok , Tofoleanu Florentina , Reiss Krystle , Ferreirós Nerea , Geisslinger Gerd , Batista Victor S. , Ji Xiaoyun , Cinatl Jindrich , Keppler Oliver T. , Xiong Yong
Published: April 2018

SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that depletes cellular dNTPs in non-cycling cells to promote genome stability and to inhibit retroviral and herpes viral replication. In addition to being substrates, cellular nucleotides also allosterically regulate SAMHD1 activity. Recently, it was shown that high expression levels of SAMHD1 are also correlated with significantly worse patient responses to nucleotide analogue drugs important for treating a variety of cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In this study, we used biochemical, structural, and cellular methods to examine the interactions of various cancer drugs with SAMHD1. We found that both the catalytic and the allosteric sites of SAMHD1 are sensitive to sugar modifications of the nucleotide analogs, with the allosteric site being significantly more restrictive. We crystallized cladribine-TP, clofarabine-TP, fludarabine-TP, vidarabine-TP, cytarabine-TP, and gemcitabine-TP in the catalytic pocket of SAMHD1. We find that all of these drugs are substrates of SAMHD1 and that the efficacy of most of these drugs is affected by SAMHD1 activity. Of the nucleotide analogues tested, only cladribine-TP with a deoxyribose sugar efficiently induced the catalytically active SAMHD1 tetramer. Together, these results establish a detailed framework for understanding the substrate specificity and allosteric activation of SAMHD1 with regards to nucleotide analogues, which can be used to improve current cancer and antiviral therapies.

Significance

Nucleoside analogue drugs are widely used to treat a variety of cancers and viral infections. With an essential role in regulating the nucleotide pool in the cell by degrading cellular nucleotides, SAMHD1 has the potential to decrease the cellular concentration of frequently prescribed nucleotide analogues and thereby decrease their clinical efficacy in cancer therapy. To improve future nucleotide analogue treatments, it is important to understand SAMHD1 interactions with these drugs. Our work thoroughly examines the extent to which nucleotide analogues interact with the catalytic and allosteric sites of SAMHD1. This work contributes to the assessment of SAMHD1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy and the future design of SAMHD1 modulators that might improve the efficacy of existing therapies.
Transcranial direct current stimulation alters functional network structure in humans
Authors: Ruttorf M. , Kristensen S. , Schad L.R. , Almeida J.
Published: April 2018

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is routinely used in basic and clinical research, but its efficacy has been challenged on a methodological and statistical basis recently. The arguments against tDCS derive from insufficient understanding of how this technique interacts with brain processes physiologically. Because of its potential as a central tool in neuroscience, it is important to clarify whether and how tDCS affects neuronal activity. Here, we investigate influences of offline tDCS on network architecture measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our results reveal a tDCS-induced reorganisation of a functionally-defined network that is dependent on whether we are exciting or inhibiting a node within this network, confirming in a functioning brain, and in a bias free and independent fashion that tDCS influences neuronal activity. Moreover, our results suggest that network-specific connectivity has an important role in defining the effects of tDCS and the relationship between brain states and behaviour.
Translocation of structured biomolecule through a vibrating nanopore
Authors: Shahzad M. A.
Published: April 2018

We study the effect of fluctuating environment in protein transport dynamics. In particular, we investigate the translocation of a structured biomolecule (protein) across a temporally modulated nano-pore. We allow the radius of the cylindrical pore to oscillate harmonically with certain frequency and amplitude about an average radius. The protein is imported inside the pore whose dynamics is influences by the fluctuating nature of the pore. We investigate the dynamic and thermodynamical properties of the translocation process by revealing the statistics of translocation time as a function of the pulling inward force acting along the axis of the pore, and the frequency of the time dependent radius of the channel. We also examine the distribution of translocation time in the intermediate frequency regime. We observe that the shaking mechanism of pore leads to accelerate the translocation process as compared to the static channel that has a radius equal to the mean radius of oscillating pore. Moreover, the translocation time shows a global maximum as a function of frequency of the oscillating radius, hence revealing a resonant activation phenomenon in the dynamics of protein translocation.
Improving Accuracy of Nuclei Segmentation by Reducing Histological Image Variability BMI 260 - Spring 2017
Authors: Roohani Yusuf , Kiss Eric
Published: April 2018

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in United States. Early diagnosis of this disease is essential for many types of treatment. Cancer is most accurately observed by pathologists using tissue biopsy. In the past, evaluation of tissue samples was done manually, but to improve efficiency and ensure consistent quality, there has been a push to evaluate these algorithmically. One important task in histological analysis is the segmentation and evaluation of nuclei. Nuclear morphology is important to understand the grade and progression of cancer. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used to segment train models for nuclei segmentation. Stains are used to highlight cellular features. However, there is significant variability in imaging of stained slides due to differences in stain, slide preparation and slide storage. This make automated methods challenging to implement across different datasets. This paper evaluates four stain normalization methods to reduce the variability between slides. Nuclear segmentation accuracy was evaluated for each normalized method. Baseline segmentation accuracy was improved by more than 50% of its base value as measured by the AUC and Recall. We believe this is the first study to look at the impact of four stain normalization approaches (histogram equalization, Reinhart, Macenko, Khan) on segmentation accuracy.
Crystal structures of two polymorphic forms of DOTAM-mono-acid dihydrate
Authors: Jurek Paul , Kiefer Garry E. , Fronczek Frank R.
Published: April 2018

The structural chemistry of 2-[4,7,10-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl]acetic acid dihydrate, C16H31N7O5·2H2O, is described. The macrocyclic compound, also known by the abbreviation DOTAM-mono-acid, crystallized at room temperature and was isolated concomitantly as two polymorphic forms. The structures of both polymorphs were determined at 90 K. The first polymorph crystallized as a zwitterionic dihydrate [systematic name: 4,7,10-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-1-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ium dihydrate] in the space group P21/n, with Z′ = 1. The second polymorph crystallized as a zwitterionic dihydrate in the space group P21 at 90 K, with Z′ = 2. The two independent molecules are related by a local center. In each polymorph, the zwitterion is formed between the negatively-charged carboxylate group and the ring N atom that bears the acetate pendant arm. Extensive inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding exists in both polymorphic structures. In polymorph 1, an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network propagating parallel to the a direction creates an infinite chain. A second hydrogen-bonding network is observed through a water molecule of hydration in the b direction. Polymorph 2 also has two intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks. One propagates parallel to the a direction, while the other propagates in the [\overline{1}10] direction. Increasing the temperature of polymorph 2 yields the same structure at T = 180 K, but the pseudocenter becomes exact at 299 K. The higher-temperature structure has Z′ = 1 in the space group P21/c.
Synthesis, crystal structure and aggregation-induced emission of a new pyrene-based compound, 3,3-diphenyl-2-[4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl]acrylonitrile
Authors: Miao Bao-Xi , Tang Xin-Xue , Zhang Li-Fang
Published: April 2018

The title organic compound, C37H23N, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}, has been designed, synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffaction, MS, NMR and elemental analysis. There are alternating relatively strong and weak intermolecular π–π interactions between adjacent pyrene ring systems, forming a one-dimensional supramolecular structure. The compound is weakly fluorescent in THF solution, but it is highly emissive in the condensed phase, revealing distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics.
{1-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)hydrazine-κ2
N′,O}{1-[1-(2-oxidophenyl)ethylidene]-2-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)hydrazine-κ2
N′,O}nickelate(II) nitrate hemihydrate
Authors: Mamour Sarr , Mayoro Diop , Elhadj Ibrahima Thiam , Mohamed Gaye , Aliou Hamady Barry , Ellena Javier
Published: April 2018

The 2-hydrazinopyridine precursor has been widely used to prepare ligands of various kinds by condensation with carbonyl compounds. These types of ligands are suitable for synthesizing novel transition metal (II) complexes with interesting magnetic properties. In this context we have synthesized the ligand 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl-2-ethylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine (HL) which was used in the preparation of the mononuclear title complex, [Ni(C13H12N3O)(C13H13N3O)]NO3·0.5H2O. As a result of the presence of HL and L in the [{Ni(HL)(L)}]+ unit, the complex appears to be a supramolecular dimer composed of the Δ(−) and Λ(−) optical isomers, which are linked by strong hydrogen-bonds. As well as the dimer generated by two mononuclear [{Ni(HL)(L)}]+ cations, the asymmetric unit also contains two nitrate anions and one water molecule. Each Ni atom is coordinated to two ligand molecules by a nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring, an imine nitrogen atom and a phenolic oxygen atom of one of the ligand molecules and a phenolate oxygen atom of the other organic molecules. The environment around the cation is a distorted octahedron. The basal planes are defined by the two nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings and the two phenolic oxygen atoms of the ligand, the apical positions being occupied by the azomethine atoms. The O atoms of one of the nitrate ions are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.745 (9):0.255 (9) ratio. In the crystal, the dimers are linked by numerous hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework.
1-Methoxy-1,1-diphenylbut-2-yne
Authors: Seidel Nadine , Seichter Wilhelm , Weber Edwin
Published: April 2018

In the title compound, C17H16O, the phenyl rings are twisted relative to each other at an angle of 85.9 (1)°. The crystal structure features weak C—H...π interactions, which connect the molecules into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Firms in Transition: A Review of the Venture Capital, IPO, and M&A Literature
Authors: Cormier Denis , Coulombe Daniel , Gomez Gutierrez Luania , Mcconomy Bruce J.
Published: April 2018

A key area of research focuses on firms in transition, particularly those going public via initial public offerings, those growing via venture capital infusions, and acquirers and targets in merger and acquisition deals. In this article, we provide a review of research regarding firms in transition, with a primary focus on accounting‐related research. As part of our review we include key contributions both in the Canadian context and internationally, and discuss areas to be considered for future research.
Successive short‐selling ban lifts and gradual price efficiency: evidence from China
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Gao Ya , Feng Xu
Published: April 2018

Using a database of five successive short‐selling ban lifts in the Chinese stock market, we find that the stock price efficiency gradually changes. Specifically, the price efficiency of stocks that can be shorted later improves more than the price efficiency of stocks that can be shorted earlier. Two hypotheses are tested to explain the gradual changed price efficiency: the private information hypothesis and the analysis capability hypothesis. We further show that short selling is more associated with private information than with public information and that the relationship grows stronger after each ban lift, which supports the private information hypothesis.
Media sentiment, institutional investors and probability of stock price crash: evidence from Chinese stock markets
Authors: Zhu Yanjian , Wu Zhaoying , Zhang Hua , Yu Jing
Published: April 2018

Using a large sample of firm‐level media reports data, we examine whether and how media reports affect the probability of stock price crash in China. We find that positive media reports reduce the probability of stock price crash, while the relationship between negative reports and the probability of price crash is U‐shaped. The probability of stock price crash is more sensitive to the media reports in SOEs and large firms. Furthermore, we find evidence to support the media management behaviour of institutional investors. Such behaviour significantly changes the probability of stock price crash. However, we only observe the media management behaviour of institutional investors in firms held by non‐block institutions, in support of the notion that transient investors behave opportunistically and reap short‐term investment gains through media management.
Versatile facial osteotomies
Authors: Lim L , Heggie AA
Published: April 2018

Facial Osteotomy techniques have evolved enormously over the past 20 years providing significant and often life‐changing benefits to our dental patients with skeletal malocclusions. Advancements in technology and refined surgical techniques have resulted in improvements in surgical outcomes, a reduction in post‐operative complications and a quicker recovery for today's patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. This paper aims to an update on the contemporary approach to the correction of skeletal malocclusions with facial osteotomies.
Implant based rehabilitation options for the atrophic edentulous jaw
Authors: Spencer KR
Published: April 2018

The atrophic and edentulous jaw can pose a number of challenges for the implant clinician. In simple terms, the amount of bone that remains is insufficient for the conventional placement of a dental implant. A variety of treatment strategies can be employed to enable implants to be placed despite the paucity of bone stock in either the mandible or the maxilla. Conceptually these strategies follow one of two pathways: either augmentation of the bone, or the novel utilization of the remaining bone. This article will discuss patient assessment, treatment planning, and the range of contemporary options available to enable fixed implant based rehabilitation of each jaw. “The edentulous patient is an amputee, an oral invalid, to whom we should pay total respect and rehabilitation ambitions” (P‐I Branemark, September 2005).
Case series: Salvia divinorum as a potential addictive hallucinogen
Authors: El‐Khoury Joseph , Baroud Evelyne
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective

Recreational use of salvia divinorum (salvia), a potent, naturally occurring hallucinogen, is on the rise internationally. Despite the paucity of information about its long‐term health effects, salvia is readily available and generally portrayed as a safe non‐addictive substance.

Methods and Results

We report on two patients who presented with an enduring and pervasive pattern of salvia use.

Discussion and Conclusions

Evaluating patients for salvia use during clinical assessment is strongly encouraged, especially among young polysubstance users.

Scientific Significance

Clinicians should be mindful of the multifaceted psychiatric effects of salvia, including the potential for a use disorder. (Am J Addict 2018;27:163–165)
Corporations and Nations: Power Imbalance in the Extractive Sector
Authors: Oshionebo Evaristus
Published: April 2018

This article examines the nature and significance of the power imbalance between developing countries and transnational corporations (TNCs) in the natural resource sector. It situates this power imbalance within the context of global economic realities, including the high profitability of extractive TNCs; rampant poverty in developing countries; dependence of many developing countries on the extractive sector for economic sustenance; and lack of regulatory expertise on the part of developing countries. The article suggests two potential avenues for addressing this power imbalance. First, it advocates for the recognition of TNCs as “subjects” of international law, thus paving way for the imposition of some international law duties on TNCs. Secondly, the article argues that civil society groups should be empowered to participate actively in the regulatory process and that an empowered civil society could potentially counterbalance the power of TNCs and other corporations.
Controlling Corporate Power in China: Case Studies of Seed Companies and Water Distribution
Authors: Zhang Lanying , Li Guanqi , He Huili
Published: April 2018

In the course of China's economic transition, the government set up a policy goal to gradually withdraw from the market, while, at the same time, increasing the intensity of anti‐corruption actions. This article reviews the development of Chinese modern corporations and corresponding policy changes. The development and expansion of modern corporations as a result of reforms that occurred after 1978 reveals the government's decision not to fully withdraw from the market. When private companies are allowed to pursue maximum profits, especially in areas of public resources and services, society and the environment suffer severe negative consequences. Case studies of corporate control of seed companies and water utilities demonstrate in detail the damage caused by privatization. In order to protect the interests of society from corruption, government must concentrate on reducing the rent‐seeking behavior of corporations and collusion between businesses and government officials. The Chinese government's fight against corruption in recent years has been based on its market involvement, as well as on its determination to confine the power of corporations, which is a tough game.
Press Photography and Visual Censorship in the Australian Parliament
Authors: Young Sally
Published: April 2018

Still photography is an important medium for visually communicating — and scrutinising — the power of elected representatives. However, it has been severely restricted by parliaments. Surprisingly, the photographs taken by press photographers have been viewed as a larger threat to parliamentary dignity than other seemingly more powerful media, such as television. This article analyses parliaments’ “extraordinary sensitivity to photography”1 by conducting a comparative, historical examination of press photography in five national parliaments — Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The article discusses historical milestones in media access for each of these parliaments, but focuses particularly upon the unusual case of the Australian Parliament and its rules on still photography. The author draws upon interviews conducted with Australian press photographers, as well as an analysis of primary material — including parliamentary guidelines on media access, photographs, newspaper reports, parliamentary debates, inquiry reports and submissions.
Alice Springs: From Singing Wire to Iconic Outback Town
Authors: Smith Robyn
Published: April 2018

Alice Springs: From Singing Wire to Iconic Outback Town. By Stuart Traynor (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2016), pp.456, AU$39.95 (pb).
Workers’ Capital: Industry Funds and the Fight for Universal Superannuation in Australia
Authors: McKenna Bernard
Published: April 2018

Workers' Capital: Industry Funds and the Fight for Universal Superannuation in Australia. By Bernard Mees and Cathy Brigden (St Leonard's: Allen and Unwin, 2017), 270pp. AU$30.75 (pb).
Bearing Witness: Essays in Honour of Brij V. Lal
Authors: Robertson Robbie
Published: April 2018

Bearing Witness: Essays in Honour of Brij V. Lal. Edited by Doug Munro and Jack Corbett (Canberra: ANU Press, 2017), pp.333, AU$53.00 (pb).
The Pursuit of Power. Europe 1815–1914: To Hell and Back. Europe 1914–1949
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G.
Published: April 2018

The Pursuit of Power. Europe 1815–1914. By Richard J. Evans (London: Allen Lane, 2016), pp.xxiv + 819, maps and colour plates, £25.00 (hb).

To Hell and Back. Europe 1914–1949. By Ian Kershaw (London: Allen Lane, 2015), pp.xx + 593, maps and colour and b/w plates. £30.00 (hb).
Leningrad 1941 – 1942. Morality of a City under Siege
Authors: Markwick Roger D.
Published: April 2018

Leningrad 1941 – 1942. Morality of a City under Siege. By Sergey Yarov. Foreword by John Barber. Translated by Arch Tait (Cambridge, UK and Malden, USA: Polity Press, 2017), pp.xiii + 409. Notes. Index. £26.99 (hb).
Settler Colonialism and (re)Conciliation: Frontier Violence, Affective Performances, and Imaginative Refoundings
Authors: Moran Anthony
Published: April 2018

Settler Colonialism and (re)Conciliation: Frontier Violence, Affective Performances, and Imaginative Refoundings. By Penelope Edmunds (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), pp.xvi + 253, US$95.00.
The Cold War: A World History
Authors: Deery Phillip
Published: April 2018

The Cold War: A World History. By Odd Arne Westad (London: Allen Lane, 2017), pp. 710. £30.00.
Liberty and Loyalty: The Great War and Labour's Conscription Dilemma
Authors: Archer Robin
Published: April 2018

A unique struggle over conscription was a defining characteristic of the Australian experience of the Great War. The labour movement was at the center of opposition to conscription, and arguments from liberty were central to its stance. But anti‐conscriptionists had to make their arguments in an environment shaped by powerful competing appeals to loyalty. This article examines the ways in which labour anti‐conscriptionists sought to minimise the impact of these loyalist appeals, while pressing ahead with their central liberal arguments. Two ways of interpreting these arguments enabled them to do this. The first emphasised the Britishness of the liberal tradition and the close relationship between conscription and “continental despotism”. The second emphasised the affinity between the liberal tradition and the New World and drew on other comparisons, especially with North America.
PTTG‐1 (Securin) immunoexpression in meningiomas correlates with tumor grade and proliferation rate: potential use as a diagnostic marker of malignancy
Authors: Iliadis Alexandros , Virvili Maria‐Aikaterini , Flaris Nicolaos A. , Pervana Stavroula , Pazarli Elissabet , Tripsianis Grigoris , Grigoriou Maria E. , Efstratiou Ioannis , Kanakis Dimitrios N.
Published: April 2018

This study essentially aims to contribute to the immunohistochemical investigation of the use of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) as a marker of cell proliferation or advanced tumor grade in meningiomas of various WHO grades. In all, 51 cases were recovered in total, 21 Grade‐I, 23 Grade‐II and 7 Grade‐III meningiomas. Mitotic index (MI), Ki‐67/MiB‐1 positivity percentage and PTTG expression were analyzed in correlation to each other as well as to the tumor WHO grades. All three biomarkers showed a high diagnostic significance and a strong association with WHO grades. In comparison, PTTG expression was on a par with the other two indices, and performed very well regarding identification of advanced grade tumors. PTTG may be considered an important diagnostic tool and serve in the future as a novel prognosticator of the biological behavior of all grade meningiomas as well as a useful high‐risk patient selection tool.
Editorial: is proton pump inhibitor use associated with worse outcomes in patients with liver abscesses?
Authors: Tabibian J. H. , Lindor K. D.
Published: April 2018

Linked content

This article is linked to Bettinger et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14512 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14591.
Recent Political Change in Myanmar and Its Impact on her Economic Growth
Authors: Nwe Khin , Kawata Keisuke , Yoshida Yuichiro
Published: April 2018

The present study estimates the causal effect of a process of political change, namely, a recent constitutional referendum, on economic growth in Myanmar. To analyze the impact of this process, this study compares the trajectories of actual and counterfactual GDP per capita after the referendum using the synthetic control method. We calculate the counterfactual GDP per capita using country‐level panel data from 2002 to 2013, with Myanmar as the treated country and a set of developing countries in East and South Asia, the Pacific and sub‐Saharan Africa as the control group. The results of the synthetic analysis suggest that the recent process of political change in Myanmar had a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita but not on per capita foreign direct investment or trade.
Prediction of Response to Lithotripsy—the Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy and X‐ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
Authors: COHEN N. P. , PARKHOUSE HELEN , SCOTT M. L. , BOWSHER W. G. , CROCKER P. , WHITFIELD H. N.
Published: April 2018

A single urine sample was obtained from each of 38 patients before and immediately after treatment with a Wolf Piezolith 2300. Each sample was analysed for crystals using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. In all cases it was possible to make a stone diagnosis prior to treatment and there was 100% correlation between the pre‐ and post‐treatment diagnosis. All stones smaller than 90 mm2 on plain X‐ray cleared with piezoelectric lithotripsy alone, regardless of composition. Larger stones composed of calcium oxalate were all successfully fragmented, but 5 of 15 mixed or phosphate stones failed to respond.
Total Nephrectomy in Children: A Clinicopathological Review
Authors: ADAMSON A. S. , NADJMALDIN A. S. , ATWELL J. D.
Published: April 2018

The records of 85 children undergoing total nephrectomy have been reviewed. Diagnoses ranged between pyelonephritis (37 patients), renal tumours (25), renal dysplasia and multicystic kidney (16), obstructive uropathy (6) and renal vein thrombosis (1). In the pyelonephritic group a contributory ipsilateral abnormality was demonstrated in 36 of the 37 children. Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) was the most common abnormality in this cohort and was usually of a severe grade. Calculus disease was present in 9 patients, only 1 of whom had VUR. Of the remaining 7 patients with pyelonephritis, 6 had evidence of obstruction to the upper tracts. Calculus disease poses a more severe threat to the childhood kidney than the well known risk factors of vesicoureteric reflux and obstructive uropathy.
Prognostic value of nutritional risk screening 2002 scale in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A large‐scale cohort study
Authors: Peng Hao , Chen Bin‐Bin , Tang Ling‐Long , Chen Lei , Li Wen‐Fei , Zhang Yuan , Mao Yan‐Ping , Sun Ying , Liu Li‐Zhi , Tian Li , Guo Ying , Ma Jun
Published: April 2018

Little is known about the value of the nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) scale in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We conducted a large‐scale study to address this issue. We employed a big‐data intelligence database platform at our center and identified 3232 eligible patients treated between 2009 and 2013. Of the 3232 (12.9% of 24 986) eligible patients, 469 (14.5%), 13 (0.4%), 953 (29.5%), 1762 (54.5%) and 35 (1.1%) had NRS2002 scores of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Survival outcomes were comparable between patients with NRS2002 <3 and ≥3 (original scale). However, patients with NRS2002 ≤3 vs >3 (regrouping scale) had significantly different 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS; 82.7% vs 75.0%, P < .001), overall survival (OS; 88.8% vs 84.1%, P = .001), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS; 90.2% vs 85.9%, P = .001) and locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRRFS; 91.6% vs 87.2%, P = .001). Therefore, we proposed a revised NRS2002 scale, and found that it provides a better risk stratification than the original or regrouping scales for predicting DFS (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.530 vs 0.554 vs 0.577; P < .05), OS (AUC = 0.534 vs 0.563 vs 0.582; P < .05), DMFS (AUC = 0.531 vs 0.567 vs 0.590; P < .05) and LRRFS (AUC = 0.529 vs 0.542 vs 0.564; P < .05 except scale A vs B). Our proposed NRS2002 scale represents a simple, clinically useful tool for nutritional risk screening in NPC.
Robust Structure‐Based Shape Correspondence
Authors: Kleiman Yanir , Ovsjanikov Maks
Published: April 2018

We present a robust method to find region‐level correspondences between shapes, which are invariant to changes in geometry and applicable across multiple shape representations. We generate simplified shape graphs by jointly decomposing the shapes, and devise an adapted graph‐matching technique, from which we infer correspondences between shape regions. The simplified shape graphs are designed to primarily capture the overall structure of the shapes, without reflecting precise information about the geometry of each region, which enables us to find correspondences between shapes that might have significant geometric differences. Moreover, due to the special care we take to ensure the robustness of each part of our pipeline, our method can find correspondences between shapes with different representations, such as triangular meshes and point clouds. We demonstrate that the region‐wise matching that we obtain can be used to find correspondences between feature points, reveal the intrinsic self‐similarities of each shape and even construct point‐to‐point maps across shapes. Our method is both time and space efficient, leading to a pipeline that is significantly faster than comparable approaches. We demonstrate the performance of our approach through an extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation on several benchmarks where we achieve comparable or superior performance to existing methods.
Unsettling Food Security: The Role of Young People in Indigenous Food System Revitalisation
Authors: Bagelman Caroline
Published: April 2018

Official assessments of Canadian food security, which greatly inform policy and perception, paint an insufficient picture of the ways many Indigenous peoples, and in particular Indigenous children who are most impacted by food insecurity, actually experience and understand the problem. This article begins with a discussion of how these metrics neglect the vital connection between access to Indigenous food systems and Indigenous food security. To address the serious food insecurity experienced by Indigenous peoples, this connection must be acknowledged, and revitalisation of these food systems, which are damaged by settler‐colonial practices, must become a focus of the discourse and action. Indigenous elders believe children will be pivotal in revitalisation. In this spirit, this article traces experiential learning projects on revitalisation, in which young people unsettle the settler discourse of food security and take action in small but important ways.
‘Out of Place around Other People’: Experiences of Young People Who Live with Food Insecurity
Authors: Mott Rebecca , Keller Kimberly , Britt‐Rankin Jo , Ball Anna
Published: April 2018

We used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to address the question, ‘What does it mean to experience food insecurity?’ Youth focus group interviews incorporating art/writing prompts and interviews with programme director interviews contributed to our understanding of youth feeling out of place around other people. Young people living in food‐insecure homes in rural areas may experience complicated sets of interactions that simultaneously connect them to others living in similar circumstances, yet isolate them from the community at large. A multitude of complex factors, including place, affects food insecurity. We also discuss implications for practitioners who work with youth who live with food insecurity.
Pushing the Boundaries: Searching for Housing in the Most Segregated Metropolis in America
Authors: Rosenblatt Peter , Cossyleon Jennifer E.
Published: April 2018

The Housing Choice Voucher Program struggles to assist families in accessing low–poverty neighborhoods. This paper explores a newly introduced incentive in the voucher program in Milwaukee County that could expand its potential to improve locational outcomes by providing security deposit assistance to households who move to a suburban jurisdiction. Using in–depth interviews we examine the different ways voucher users responded to the program and how it interacted with their life experiences and search strategies. Our interviews highlight the role of housing instability and discrimination, as well as the role of informal search assistance and the appeals voucher users make to persuade landlords to rent to them. Our study speaks to the limits of “nudge”–like policy incentives and emphasizes how choices about moving are influenced not only by incentives but also by a stratified housing market. We conclude with policy suggestions based on our findings that could make suburban searches more promising for voucher holders.
Recent alcohol use prolongs hospital length of stay following lung transplant
Authors: Lowery Erin M. , Yong Meagan , Cohen Arala , Joyce Cara , Kovacs Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2018

Little is known about the alcohol habits of people with advanced lung disease. Following lung transplantation, patients are asked to abstain from or minimize alcohol use. The aim of this investigation was to assess alcohol use in a cohort of patients with advanced lung disease undergoing evaluation for lung transplant. This is a prospective observational investigation comparing patient self‐report of alcohol use with their responses on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and alcohol biomarkers collected at the time of transplant. There were 86 included in the cohort, 34% currently using alcohol, 13% had AUDIT scores >3, and 10% had positive results for alcohol biomarkers at the time of transplantation. Patients with evidence of recent alcohol use prior to lung transplant surgery had a 1.5‐fold increase in hospital length of stay following lung transplant (P = .028), spent 3 times as long on mechanical ventilation after transplant, and required intensive care unit monitoring nearly 3 times longer than those without recent alcohol use (P = .008). There were no differences in primary graft dysfunction, although several patients with recent alcohol use had post‐transplant atrial arrhythmias, acute kidney injury, and acute cellular rejection. Abstaining from alcohol use may optimize outcomes following lung transplant.
Pulmonary hypertension is not a risk factor for grade 3 primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Authors: Cottini Silvia R. , Brandi Giovanna , Pagnamenta Alberto , Weder Walter , Schuepbach Reto A. , Béchir Markus , Huber Lars C. , Benden Christian
Published: April 2018

Grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) represents the most important risk factor for patient mortality during the first year after lung transplantation (LTX). We investigated whether pretransplant pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a risk factor for the development of PGD3. This retrospective, single‐center cohort study included 96 candidates undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) prior to being listed for LTX between March 2000 and October 2015. Based on their mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) levels, the patients were classified into 3 groups: (1) <25 mm Hg, (2) 25‐34 mm Hg and (3) ≥35 mm Hg. Forty‐seven patients were classified in group 1, 31 in group 2, and 18 in group 3. Fifteen recipients (16%, 95%‐CI 8‐23) developed PGD3. In the univariate analysis, the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to COPD (OR: 7.06, P = .005), blood transfusion >1000 mL during surgery (OR: 5.25, P = .005), the need for intra‐operative cardio‐pulmonary bypass (CPB) or extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (OR: 4, P = .027), mPAP (OR 1.06, P = .007) and serum high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) (OR 0.09, P = .005) were associated with PGD3. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only HDL‐C (OR 0.10, P = .016) was associated with PGD3 based on our single‐center cohort data analysis.
Prosocial and self‐interested intra‐twin pair behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins in the early to middle childhood transition
Authors: Yirmiya Karen , Segal Nancy L. , Bloch Guy , Knafo‐Noam Ariel
Published: April 2018

Several related and complementary theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain the existence of prosocial behavior, despite its potential fitness cost to the individual. These include kin selection theory, proposing that organisms have a propensity to help those to whom they are genetically related, and reciprocity, referring to the benefit of being prosocial, depending on past and future mutual interactions. A useful paradigm to examine prosociality is to compare mean levels of this behavior between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Here, we examined the performance of 883 6.5‐year‐old twins (139 MZ and 302 DZ same‐sex 6.5‐year‐old full twin pairs) in the Differential Productivity Task. In this task, the twins’ behaviors were observed under two conditions: working for themselves vs. working for their co‐twin. There were no significant differences between the performances of MZ and DZ twins in the prosocial condition of the task. Correlations within the twin dyads were significantly higher in MZ than DZ twins in the self‐interested condition. However, similar MZ and DZ correlations were found in the prosocial condition, supporting the role of reciprocity in twins’ prosociality towards each other.
Manual dexterity, but not cerebral palsy, predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal stroke
Authors: Thébault Guillaume , Martin Sophie , Brouillet Denis , Brunel Lionel , Dinomais Mickaël , Presles Émilie , Fluss Joel , Chabrier Stéphane ,   AVCnn Study Group
Published: April 2018

Aim

To disentangle the respective impacts of manual dexterity and cerebral palsy (CP) in cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke.

Method

The population included 60 children (21 females, 39 males) with neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke but not epilepsy. The presence ofCPwas assessed clinically at the age of 7 years and 2 months (range 6y 11mo–7y 8mo) using the definition of the Surveillance ofCPin Europe network. Standardized tests (Nine‐Hole Peg Test and Box and Blocks Test) were used to quantify manual (finger and hand respectively) dexterity. General cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed while controlling for socio‐economic status, lesion side, and sex.

Results

Fifteen children were diagnosed withCP. In simple regression models, both manual dexterity andCPwere associated with cognitive functioning (β=0.41 [p=0.002] andβ=0.31 [p=0.019] respectively). However, in multiple regression models, manual dexterity was the only associated variable of cognitive functioning, whether or not a child hadCP(β=0.35;p=0.007). This result was reproduced in models with other covariables (β=0.31;p=0.017).

Interpretation

As observed in typically developing children, manual dexterity is related to cognitive functioning in children having suffered a focal brain insult during the neonatal period.

What this paper adds

Manual dexterity predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke.

Correlations between manual dexterity and cognitive functioning occur irrespective of sex, lesion side, presence of cerebral palsy, and socio‐economic status.

Residual motor ability may support cognitive functioning.
An artificial delay in emergence influences the number but not the fitness of adult emerald ash borer emerging from infested ash wood
Authors: Fick William E. , MacQuarrie Chris J. K.
Published: April 2018

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is the most significant invasive forest pest in North America. Laboratory research on this species requires sources of adult and larval insects that are of the same fitness as those present in the wild. Production of adult EAB relies on flushing adults from logs which are subject to cold storage for some period prior to use. The effect of this storage on the number of insects emerging or the fitness of those that emerge has not been investigated. We subjected logs of EAB‐infested white ash, Fraxinus americana L. (Oleaceae), to 7–14 months of cold storage and quantified the number of insects that emerged, the time to emergence, and the body condition of adults as a measure of fitness. Body condition was evaluated using Soxhlet fat extraction and water weight. No published methods for Soxhlet fat extraction were available for this species so we developed extraction protocols. The number of insects emerging decreased with time, but fitness (i.e., fat and water content) did not decrease. Time to emergence did increase but only in the longest storage treatment, whereas a comparison of male vs. female emergence provides evidence for protandry in EAB. Rearing programs for EAB using wood from cold storage should adjust the amount used to produce a given number of insects but the quality of those individuals emerging will not be affected. We suggest that those insects that perished during storage were of lower quality when entering diapause and thus would serve as poor‐quality host in rearing programs for natural enemies of EAB. These data also provide evidence for one pathway of introduction for EAB, suggesting that refrigeration in transit was required for EAB to remain viable and establish its beachhead in North America.
Global networking: Meeting the challenges, facilitating collaboration
Authors: Botelho M. , Oancea R. , Thomas H. F. , Paganelli C. , Ferrillo P. J.
Published: April 2018

The constant change of information and technology advancement as well as the impact of social media has radically changed the world and education and, in particular, the needs of students, organisations and disadvantaged communities who share the aim of training and providing quality healthcare services. Dental organisations and education centres around the world have recognised the importance of networking in delivering effective education to students, healthcare professionals and communities. Networking is one way to meet the challenges of delivering healthcare education and services. This can be achieved by sharing of resources, expertise, knowledge and experience to benefit all the stakeholders in healthcare delivery. The joint ADEE/ADEA Meeting in London on 8‐9 May 2017 has facilitated discussions amongst dental educators from all over the world during a workshop on “Global Networking: the how and why for dental educators.” The aim of this workshop was to determine how can dental educators worldwide network to share ideas, experience, expertise and resources to improve both the curricula and the teaching and learning environment. A pre‐conference survey was designed and implemented to identify the domains of interest and needs of participants. A structured questionnaire was administered, and this information was used to guide discussions on three main themes: curricula, faculty development and mobility of faculty and students. Four questions were then defined to help group leaders to frame discussions in the four working groups. The four groups engaged in parallel discussions, with the ideas recorded and collated by group leaders, which later served for the thematic analysis across the groups to draw the key points discussed. Overall, a great desire and potential to create a global networking to share and gain support and expertise at individual and organisational level was apparent and the working group has proposed an action plan, acknowledging that it requires great planning, effort and commitment.
Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility, and Data Breaches
Authors: Lending Claire , Minnick Kristina , Schorno Patrick J.
Published: April 2018

We study whether corporate governance and social responsibility are related to data breaches. We find that socially responsible companies with smaller boards and greater financial expertise are less likely to be breached. The financial impact of a breach is visible in the long term. Specifically, data‐breach firms have –3.5% one‐year buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns. Additionally, banks with breaches have significant declines in deposits and nonbanks have significant declines in sales in the long run. Finally, we find that following a data breach, companies are more likely to replace their chief executive officer and chief technology officer as well as improve their governance and social responsibility.
A Long‐Run Performance Perspective on the Technology Bubble
Authors: Franke Maximilian , Löffler Gunter
Published: April 2018

The events surrounding the stock price peak of March 2000 are commonly interpreted as the bursting of a technology or Internet bubble, with some researchers pointing out that the pattern could also arise in fundamental models. We inform the debate by studying the long‐run performance of Internet and technology stocks from March 2000 onward. Using calendar‐time regressions, we do not find conclusive evidence of negative abnormal returns. The results are consistent with a new interpretation of the events; namely, the price drop of the early 2000s was not warranted in light of future cash flows and risk.