bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left atrial diameter, left ventricle filling indices, and association with all‐cause mortality: Results from the population‐based Tromsø Study
Authors: Stylidis Michael , Sharashova Ekaterina , Wilsgaard Tom , Leon David A. , Heggelund Geir , Rösner Assami , Njølstad Inger , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Schirmer Henrik
Published: January 2019

Aims

To examine the associations between diastolic dysfunction indices and long‐term risk of all‐cause mortality in adults over 23‐year follow‐up.

Methods and results

Participants (n = 2734) of the population‐based Tromsø Study of Norway had echocardiography in 1994–1995. Of these 67% were repeated in 2001 and/or 2007–2008. Mortality between 1994 and 2016 was determined by linkage to the national death registry. Cox regression was used to model the hazard of all‐cause mortality in relation to left atrial parameters (treated as time‐dependent using repeated measurements) adjusted for traditional risk factors and cardiovascular disease. During the follow‐up, 1399 participants died. Indexed left atrial diameter, mitral peak E deceleration time, and mitral peak E to peak A ratio showed an U‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality. Combining left atrial diameter with mitral peak E deceleration time increased the prognostic accuracy for all‐cause mortality whereas adding mitral peak E to peak A ratio did not increase prognostic value. We estimated new optimal cutoff values of left atrial diameter, mitral peak E deceleration time, and mitral peak E to peak A ratio for all‐cause mortality outcome. E/e′ had a cubic relation to mortality.

Conclusion

Both enlarged and small left atrial diameters were associated with increased all‐cause mortality risk. A combination of Doppler‐based left ventricle filling parameters had an incremental effect on all‐cause mortality risk. The cutoff values of diastolic dysfunction indices we determined had similar all‐cause mortality prediction ability as those recommended by American Association of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.
Urate‐lowering therapy alleviates atherosclerosis inflammatory response factors and neointimal lesions in a mouse model of induced carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Lu Jie , Sun Mingshu , Wu Xinjiang , Yuan Xuan , Liu Zhen , Qu Xiaojie , Ji Xiaopeng , Merriman Tony R. , Li Changgui
Published: January 2019

Hyperuricemia (HU) is a cause of gout. Clinical studies show a link between HU and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of soluble serum urate (SU) on atherosclerosis development remains elusive. We aimed to use a new HU mouse model [Uricase/Uox knockout (KO)] to further investigate the relationship between HU and atherosclerosis. A mouse model by perivascular collar placement of induced carotid atherosclerosis was established in male Uox‐KO mice. The Uox‐KO mice had elevated SU levels and enhanced levels of atherosclerosis inflammatory response proteins. In contrast, Uox‐KO mice with carotid atherosclerosis showed severe neointimal changes in histology staining consistent with increases in intimal area and increases in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐ and F4/80‐positive cells. Allopurinol reduced neointimal areas induced by the perivascular collar in hyperuricemic mice, accompanied by decreased expression of PCNA‐ and F4/80‐positive cells. Urate‐lowering treatment alleviated atherosclerosis inflammatory response factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensities in both collar placement Uox‐KO mice and urate‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro results using HUVECs showed ROS was induced by urate and ROS induction was abrogated using antioxidants. These data demonstrate that urate per se does not trigger atherosclerosis intima lesions in male mice. Urate worsens carotid neointimal lesions induced by the perivascular collar and urate‐lowering therapy partially abrogates the effects. The current study warrants clinical studies on the possible benefits of urate‐lowering therapy in atherosclerosis patients with HU.
When a heritage speaker wants to be a Spanish teacher: Educational experiences and challenges
Authors: Bustamante Carolina , Novella G Miguel Á.
Published: January 2019

This study explored the experiences of eight Latina heritage speakers (HSs) who were enrolled in world language teacher preparation programs at two higher education institutions. Using data from interviews, classroom observations, and other documents, the qualitative multiple‐case study investigated their educational experiences and the challenges involved in attaining initial Spanish teacher certification. Four themes emerged: motivation to become a world language teacher, language awareness, developing professional and pedagogical knowledge, and issues related to the academic program. Recommendations for world language teacher preparation are offered.
Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans
Authors: Leles Suzana Gonçalves , Mitra Aditee , Flynn Kevin John , Tillmann Urban , Stoecker Diane , Jeong Hae Jin , Burkholder JoAnn , Hansen Per Juel , Caron David A. , Glibert Patricia M. , Hallegraeff Gustaaf , Raven John A. , Sanders Robert W. , Zubkov Mikhail
Published: January 2019

Aim

Most protist plankton are mixotrophic, with potential to engage in photoautotrophy and phagotrophy; however, the ecology of these organisms has been misdiagnosed for over a century. A large proportion of these organisms are constitutive mixotrophs (CMs), with an innate ability to photosynthesize. Here, for the first time, an analysis is presented of the biogeography of CMs across the oceans.

Location

Global marine ecosystems.

Time period

1970–2018.

Major taxa studied

Marine planktonic protists.

Methods

Records for CM species, primarily from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), were grouped by taxonomy and size to evaluate sampling efforts across Longhurst's oceanic provinces. Biases were evaluated through nonparametric tests and multivariate analysis. Biogeographies of CMs from OBIS data were compared with data from studies that specifically targeted these organisms.

Results

Constitutive mixotrophs of different taxonomic groups, across all size ranges, are ubiquitous. However, strong database biases were detected with respect to organism size, taxonomic groups and region. A strong bias was seen towards dinophytes. Species < 20 µm, especially non‐dinophytes, were least represented, with their recorded distribution limited to coastal regions and to temperate and polar seas. Studies specifically targeting these organisms revealed their distribution to be much wider. Such biases are likely to have occurred owing to a failure to capture and correctly identify these organisms in routine sampling protocols.

Main conclusions

Constitutive mixotrophs are dominant members of organisms traditionally termed “phytoplankton”. However, lack of routine protocols for measuring phagotrophy in “phytoplankton” protists has led to widespread misrepresentation of the fundamental nature of marine planktonic primary producers; most express both “animal‐like” and “plant‐like” nutrition. Our results have implications for studies of the global biogeography of plankton, of food web dynamics (including models) and of biogeochemical cycling in the oceans.
Exploring potential establishment of marine rafting species after transoceanic long‐distance dispersal
Authors: Simkanin Christina , Carlton James T. , Steves Brian , Fofonoff Paul , Nelson Jocelyn C. , Clarke Murray Cathryn , Ruiz Gregory M.
Published: January 2019

Aim

On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that resulted in the largest known rafting event in recorded history. By spring 2012, marine debris began washing ashore along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada with a wide range of Asian coastal species attached. We used this unique dataset, where the source region, date of dislodgment and landing location are known, to assess the potential for species invasions by transoceanic rafting on marine debris.

Location

Northeast Pacific from 20 to 60°N.

Time period

Current.

Major taxa studied

Forty‐eight invertebrate and algal species recorded on Japanese tsunami marine debris (JTMD).

Methods

We developed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution models for 48 species recorded on JTMD to predict establishment potential along the Pacific coast from 20 to 60°N. Models were compared within the context of historical marine introductions from Japan to this region to validate the emergence of marine debris as a novel vector for species transfer.

Results

Overall, 27% (13 species) landed with debris at locations with suitable environmental conditions for establishment and survival, indicating that these species may be able to establish new populations or introduce greater genetic diversity to already established non‐native populations. A further 21 species have an environmental match to areas where tsunami debris likely landed, but was not extensively sampled. Nearly 100 Japanese marine species previously invaded the northeastern Pacific, demonstrating this region’s environmental suitability for rafting Japanese biota. Historical invasions from Japan are highest in California and largely known from bays and harbours.

Main conclusions

Marine debris is a novel and growing vector for non‐native species introduction. By utilizing a unique dataset of JTMD species, our predictive models show capacity for new transoceanic invasions and can focus monitoring priorities to detect successful long‐distance dispersal across the world’s oceans.
Global patterns of terrestriality in amphibian reproduction
Authors: Lion Marília Bruzzi , Mazzochini Guilherme Gerhardt , Garda Adrian Antonio , Lee Tien Ming , Bickford David , Costa Gabriel Correa , Fonseca Carlos Roberto
Published: January 2019

Aim

Amphibians exhibit two basic reproductive modes, terrestrial and aquatic, each with different ecophysiological constraints related to evaporative water loss. We hypothesize that these fundamental niche differences will generate strong geographical patterns at the global scale in response to spatial heterogeneity in temperature and water availability.

Location

Global.

Time period

Present.

Major taxa studied

Amphibians.

Methods

We used global distribution maps of 5,434 amphibian species, classified into terrestrial or aquatic breeders, to estimate the occurrence and proportion of terrestrial breeding species per 1° cell. We used multiple regression models to test the relative importance of seven abiotic variables: annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, annual mean relative air humidity, annual mean actual evapotranspiration, availability of lotic and lentic environments and slope. We used residuals autocovariate (RAC) generalized multiple regression models to control for spatial autocorrelation and a spatial vector based on amphibian phylogeny to account for phylogenetic dependencies among cells. Model generality was evaluated by contrasting results between 11 widely recognized world zoogeographical realms.

Results

Globally, the occurrence of terrestrial breeding species was better explained by temperature followed by total annual rainfall, relative air humidity and terrain slope. In contrast, the proportion of terrestrial breeders was better explained by terrain slope, followed by total rainfall, temperature and relative air humidity. Actual evapotranspiration and the extension of large lotic and lentic water bodies played a minor role. However, the relative importance and even the sign of the regression coefficients varied among realms, revealing different evolutionary pressures.

Main conclusions

Niche differences among terrestrial and aquatic breeding amphibian species are reflected in their distinct geographical distribution across the globe. Adequate conditions for terrestrial reproduction to evolve and thrive are reached in distinct ways in different realms. Temperature constraints and slope suggest that reproductive modes will be impacted differently by climate change.
Validation of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for hybrid ryegrasses
Authors: Sandaña Patricio , Lobos Iris A. , Pavez Paula B. , Moscoso Cristian J.
Published: January 2019

One of the challenges of modern grassland systems is to minimize nitrogen (N) fertilization without negatively affecting the forage yield. Therefore, critical N dilution curves (Nc = ac W−b) have been developed in different species to improve N fertilization management. The aim of this study was to validate a critical N dilution curve for hybrid ryegrasses. Two field experiments were conducted in southern Chile. Treatments were the factorial combination of two hybrid ryegrasses (Shogun and Trojan cultivars) and seven N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 200, 350, 525 and 700 kg N/ha). Factors were arranged in a split‐plot design, where forage species were assigned to main plots and N rates to subplots that were randomized into four blocks. A wide range in forage yield and plant N concentration was observed (yield: 0.16 and 3.9 Mg DM/ha and N: 1.6% and 5.1%). The variations in these traits were principally explained by the N levels and harvest times. Relative yield responses of both cultivars were significantly (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.81–0.87) related to the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) calculated with different critical N dilution curves. However, the NNI calculated with N dilution curves from annual ryegrass best described the relative yield response of hybrid ryegrass. Therefore, this validated critical N dilution curve (%Nc = 4.1W−0.38) will serve as a useful diagnosis tool for improving the N fertilization management of grazing systems for hybrid ryegrasses.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Brachiaria brizantha pastures in lowlands of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Álvarez‐Lopeztello Jonás , Hernández‐Cuevas Laura V. , del Castillo Rafael F. , Robles Celerino
Published: January 2019

Brachiaria brizantha is one of the most cultivated grasses for fodder in tropical Americas; however, our knowledge of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity related to this species remains limited. We characterized the AMF diversity associated with B. brizantha pastures in Oaxaca (Mexico) lowlands and examined the influence of soil properties on AMF species diversity. We report 23 taxa with dominance of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae species. The soil is sandy loam; the acidity is high and shows low values of electric conductivity, magnesium, inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus and high levels of soil organic matter. Low electric conductivity levels (0.95 dS/m) and magnesium concentrations (1.34 cmol/kg) appear to be associated with low AMF spore density. Our results suggest that B. brizantha pastures in Oaxaca (Mexico) lowlands can harbor a great AMF species richness, similar to others natural grasslands.
Productive and morphophysiological responses of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. BRS Zuri to timing and doses of nitrogen application and defoliation intensity
Authors: Gomide Carlos A. M. , Paciullo Domingos S. C. , Morenz Mirton J. F. , Costa Igor A. , Lanzoni Clarissa L.
Published: January 2019

The response of plants to nitrogen fertilization is subject to several factors, including the level of stress caused by defoliation. After defoliation, the plant needs to adjust its energy balance to meet the demands of shoot and root recovery. Our objective was to evaluate the production of forage mass and other morphophysiological responses of zurigrass (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri) subjected to five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/dm3) that were applied at two stages (after the cut and after the appearance of the first leaf on the tiller) under two defoliation intensities (15 and 30 cm of residual height). The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the forage mass, as well as other morphophysiological traits, was measured in three regrowth cycles after the first standardization cut. Moreover, to understand the effect of cutting height on the root system, the root mass and root carbohydrate content were evaluated at zero, seven and 14 days after the standardization cut. The root mass reduced after 7 days since cutting under the low residual height (15 cm), but no effects on the root carbohydrate content were observed. The dose of nitrogen had a marked effect on most of the variables analyzed, leading to a linear increase in the root mass, the SPAD chlorophyll content and the harvested forage mass, whereas the number of tillers increased quadratically in response to the nitrogen dose. An increase was observed in the harvested forage mass for plants under the 15 cm of residue treatment compared with those under the 30‐cm treatment (16.0 vs. 13.6 g/pot), but no effect was observed for the time of nitrogen application.
Antioxidant capacity, phenolic compound content and sensory properties of cookies produced from organic grape peel (Vitis labrusca) flour
Authors: Abreu Joel , Quintino Iago , Pascoal Gabriela , Postingher Bruna , Cadena Rafael , Teodoro Anderson
Published: January 2019

The by‐products of the food industry can be used as nutrient source to improve the nutritional characteristics of other food products. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content of organic grape peel flour in cookies using response surface methodology. Composition analysis using different assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) revealed that this flour was low in calories (180.22 ± 0.25 kcal%), with low dietary fibre content (50.10 ± 0.01 g%) and high antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic compound analysis showed high values of phenolic compounds (1063.58 ± 8.09 mg%), consisting of resveratrol (54.27 ± 0.79 mg%), epicatechin (43.94 ± 0.90 mg%) and chlorogenic acid (35.70 ± 1.47 mg%). A 23 factorial experimental design was formulated to optimise the ingredients for cookie production. The resulting cookies presented high acceptance and good sensory properties, confirming that organic grape flour did not interfere with product acceptability. Thus, cookies with an acceptable quality and improved nutrition can be prepared using organic grape peel flour.
Characterization of polyphenolic and oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from grape seeds followed by the evaluation of prebiotic activity related to oligosaccharides
Authors: Bordiga Matteo , Montella Rosa , Travaglia Fabiano , Arlorio Marco , Coïsson Jean Daniel
Published: January 2019

The study was designed to characterize polyphenolic and oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from grape seeds. Polyphenols and oligosaccharides purification has been realized by using a multistep solid‐phase extraction (SPE) (using C‐18 cartridge followed by carbograph cartridge). The evaluation of the monomeric flavan‐3‐ol composition of polymeric chains and their relative mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) using the phloroglucinolysis method, combined with HPLC separation, has been realized. Then, the evaluation of the three different oligosaccharidic fractions as potential functional ingredients with prebiotic activity towards well‐known probiotic bacteria, allowing to improve their growth during in vitro fermentation, has been deepened. These oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from seeds showed a significant prebiotic activity on probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Conflicts of interest: new thinking, new processes
Authors: Komesaroff Paul A. , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy
Published: January 2019

Although the concept of ‘conflict of interest’ (COI) arises in many contexts in healthcare, it is often poorly understood, and commonly accepted, definitions are often circular, self‐contradictory and unable to provide procedural guidance. To overcome such confusion and imprecision, we offer a reformulation of COI that carefully defines interests, clarifies their scope and articulates a simple, non‐punitive approach to managing them. We define an ‘interest’ as ‘a commitment, goal, obligation or duty related to a particular social role or practice’. We show how in a particular setting multiple interests can be at play, which can be either financial or non‐financial, with the latter often being the most potent drivers of behaviour. We define a ‘conflict of interest’ as the condition that arises when two coexisting interests directly conflict with each other: that is, when they are likely to compel contrary and incompatible outcomes. COI therefore reflect objective states of affairs rather than internal mental states; they do not imply moral error; and they are identified through public rather than private processes involving ethical dialogues among relevant stakeholders. Once a COI has been identified, responses must be determined based on the seriousness of the conflict and the conditions that generated it. Such responses may be minimal or they may require a formal disengagement from one of the conflicting interests. The framework described, reflects the rich diversity of interests in modern societies, is universally applicable and provides simple, readily applicable guidelines for the identification and management of conflicts arising between them.
Prevalence and healthcare usage of knee pain in South Australia: a population‐based study
Authors: Blacketer Charlotte , Gill Tiffany , Taylor Anne , Hill Catherine
Published: January 2019

Background

It is known that South Australia (SA) has the highest rate of knee arthroscopy use of any state in Australia; however, Level 1 evidence demonstrates that knee arthroscopy in patients with uncomplicated knee osteoarthritis confers no benefit. In SA, which patients are presenting with knee pain and what treatments are they receiving?

Aims

To determine the prevalence, persistence and treatment modalities of knee pain in SA.

Methods

This study analysed data from the North‐West Adelaide Health Study (1999–2015), a longitudinal, population‐based cohort study of people aged 18 years and over (n = 4060), initially randomly selected from the north‐west region of Adelaide, SA. It incorporated clinic assessments, self‐completed questionnaires and telephone interviews to collect demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data over four main stages (1, 2, 3 and North‐West 15 (NW15)). Data were linked to Medical Benefits Scheme data.

Results

In stages 3 and NW15 of the North‐West Adelaide Health Study, 30–35% of participants reported knee pain (n = 803, 452). Demographic variables associated with knee pain included older age and lower educational level, while risk factors included obesity and high waist circumference. In the 12 months preceding NW15, 33% of participants with knee pain/stiffness consulted a general practitioner for their knee pain, 10.2% an orthopaedic surgeon, and 12.6% a physiotherapist. Between 2011 and 2015, 3.0% the cohort underwent a knee arthroscopy, and 3.1% underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusions

Knee pain affects large proportions of the SA population. Knee pain was persistent with underuse of non‐pharmacological treatments and high use of specialist referral. These data support the need for a national strategy to manage osteoarthritis effectively.
Sound practice: Exploring the benefits of establishing a music group on an acute mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Hall Tanya Louise , Mullen Antony , Plummer James , Berry Sherman , Clancy Richard V.
Published: January 2019

There is evidence supporting the use of formal music therapy in the treatment of mental health consumers. Despite this, it appears to be an intervention which has not been routinely offered to consumers in Australian acute mental health inpatient units, possibly due to the lack of trained music therapists (or inadequate funding to employ them), as well as the challenges posed by the acuity of presentations and the short duration of admissions. Less formal therapeutic music activities may benefit consumers within these settings. This article describes how a music group activity facilitated by clinical staff with no music therapy qualifications was established. The first phase of this evaluation is then described using a descriptive qualitative method. We undertook a series of consumer and staff focus groups to explore the impact of a music group activity on an acute mental health inpatient unit. Five themes emerged from the transcripts of the focus groups’ discussions, effects on mood, relationships and engagement, social connectedness and inclusion, the ward atmosphere and noise/agitation. Positive effects were shown across these areas, suggesting that the music group activity we established was beneficial for consumers and staff, and enhanced the ward atmosphere.
The national cost of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries in the United States
Authors: Padula William V. , Delarmente Benjo A.
Published: January 2019

Our objective was to estimate the US national cost burden of hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) using economic simulation methods. We created a Markov simulation to estimate costs for staged pressure injuries acquired during hospitalisation from the hospital perspective. The model analysed outcomes of hospitalised adults with acute illness in 1‐day cycles until all patients were terminated at the point of discharge or death. Simulations that developed a staged pressure injury after 4 days could advance from Stages 1 to 4 and accrue additional costs for Stages 3 and 4. We measured costs in 2016 US dollars representing the total cost of acute care attributable to HAPI incidence at the patient level and for the entire United States based on the previously reported epidemiology of pressure injury. US HAPI costs could exceed $26.8 billion. About 59% of these costs are disproportionately attributable to a small rate of Stages 3 and 4 full‐thickness wounds, which occupy clinician time and hospital resources. HAPIs remain a concern with regard to hospital quality in addition to being a major source of economic burden on the US health care system. Hospitals should invest more in quality improvement of early detection and care for pressure injury to avoid higher costs.
A systematic review of community participation measures for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taylor‐Roberts Laura , Strohmaier Sarah , Jones Fergal , Baker Peter
Published: January 2019

Background

Community participation is considered a fundamental aspect of quality of life and one of the essential goals of services for people with intellectual disabilities, yet there is no agreed way of measuring community participation.

Method

Two systematic searches were performed across eight electronic databases to identify measures of community participation and identify validation studies for each measure. Measures were included if they were developed for adults with intellectual disability, measured extent of participation and had published information regarding content and psychometric properties. Each measure was evaluated on the basis of psychometric properties and in relation to coverage of nine domains of community participation from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF).

Results

Eleven measures were selected with the quality rating scores varying substantially ranging from 2 to 11 of a possible 16.

Conclusions

The majority of measures were not sufficiently psychometrically tested. Findings suggest a need for the development of a psychometrically robust instrument.
Sleep problems in adults with Down syndrome and their family carers
Authors: Stores Rebecca J.
Published: January 2019

Background

Sleep disturbance is common and can have harmful psychological and physical effects. While sleep problems in children with Down syndrome (DS) have received a reasonable amount of attention, very little has been written about this topic in adults with DS.

Method

The present study consisted of an online survey completed by 100 family carers of adults with DS.

Results

High rates of sleep problems of different types were reported in the adults with DS comparable to those found in children with DS in previous research. Significant associations were found between sleep problems and body mass index, excessive daytime sleepiness and a range of health and psychological problems. Low rates of treatments for sleep problems were reported. The majority of family caregivers felt their own sleep was affected.

Conclusions

Sleep problems in adults with DS are common and varied. Assessment and treatment of such problems are likely to improve quality of life.
MicroRNA‐302c modulates peritoneal dialysis‐associated fibrosis by targeting connective tissue growth factor
Authors: Li Xiejia , Liu Hong , Sun Lin , Zhou Xun , Yuan Xinke , Chen Yusa , Liu Fuyou , Liu Yu , Xiao Li
Published: January 2019

Long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to the induction of mesothelial/epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (MMT/EMT) and fibrosis; these effects eventually result in ultrafiltration failure and the discontinuation of PD. MicroRNA‐302c (miR‐302c) is believed to be involved in regulating tumour cell growth and metastasis by suppressing MMT, but the effect of miR‐302c on MMT in the context of PD is unknown. MiR‐302c levels were measured in mesothelial cells isolated from the PD effluents of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. After miR‐302c overexpression using lentivirus, human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5) and PD mouse peritoneum were treated with TGF‐β1 or high glucose peritoneal dialysate respectively. MiR‐302c expression level and MMT‐related factors alteration were observed. In addition, fibrosis of PD mouse peritoneum was alleviated by miR‐302c overexpression. Furthermore, the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was negatively related by miR‐302c, and LV‐miR‐302c reversed the up‐regulation of CTGF induced by TGF‐β1. These data suggest that there is a novel TGF‐β1/miR‐302c/CTGF pathway that plays a significant role in the process of MMT and fibrosis during PD. MiR‐302c might be a potential biomarker for peritoneal fibrosis and a novel therapeutic target for protection against peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
Altitude affects the distribution and abundance of two non‐native insect pests of the common walnut
Authors: Poggetti Luca , Raranciuc Steluta , Chiabà Cristina , Vischi Massimo , Zandigiacomo Pietro
Published: January 2019

The leaf miner Coptodisca lucifluella and the carpophagous Rhagoletis completa, of American origin, are two non‐native walnut (Juglans spp.) pests in Italy. For the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (FVG) (N‐E Italy), C. lucifluella is not yet listed, while R. completa has been present for over 25 years. During 2015, samples of leaves and fruits were collected from 219 single old common walnut trees (Juglans regia) placed at different altitudes (0–1,073 m a.s.l.) in FVG to detect the distribution and abundance of both pests. Samples of leaf miner larvae and their parasitoids were subjected to mitochondrial DNA analysis for identification. C. lucifluella has been found in 55 out of 219 sites. The species has been identified by typical leaf symptoms and by its DNA barcode. This is the first report of the species for FVG. The leaf miner distribution was negatively correlated with altitude. The species has not been observed at sites over 600 m a.s.l. Larvae were parasitized by native parasitoids identified as belonging to the genus Chrysocharis by morphological features and by DNA barcode. R. completa has been found in 89 out of 165 sites on walnut trees with fruits. The infestation level was very high in lowland localities. At sites over 700 m a.s.l., no infestation was found. Both species are widespread in the region, and their occurrence is significantly affected by altitude. Data suggest that walnut trees could be cultivated in some mountain areas without the need to control R. completa with insecticides.
Effect of catecholamine stress hormones (dopamine and norepinephrine) on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and virulence factors of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout
Authors: Torabi Delshad Somayeh , Soltanian Siyavash , Sharifiyazdi Hassan , Bossier Peter
Published: January 2019

In this study, we evaluated the impact of the catecholamines on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and some virulence factors activities of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri. Norepinephrine and dopamine (at 100 µM) significantly increased the growth of Y. ruckeri in culture media containing serum. An increase in swimming motility of the pathogen was found following the exposure to the hormones; however, no effect was seen on caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions. Further, antagonists for the catecholamine receptors were observed to block some of the influences of the catecholamines. Indeed, the effects of catecholamines were inhibited by chlorpromazine (the dopaminergic receptor antagonist) for dopamine, labetalol (α‐and β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) and phenoxybenzamine (the α‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) for norepinephrine, but propranolol (the β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) showed no effect. Pretreatment of Y. ruckeri with the catecholamines resulted in a significant enhancement of its virulence towards rainbow trout and the antagonists could neutralize the effect of the stress hormones in vivo. In summary, our results show that the catecholamines increase the virulence of Y. ruckeri which is pathogenic to trout through increasing the motility, biofilm formation and growth.
WHAT DRIVES INVESTMENT FLOWS INTO SOCIAL TRADING PORTFOLIOS?
Authors: Röder Florian , Walter Andreas
Published: January 2019

We investigate investment flows into more than 5,300 social trading portfolios that are issued as structured products and are tradable at a regular exchange. We find that investment flows chase past performance. However, in contrast to mutual fund flows, the flow–performance relation exists nearly exclusively for the best performing social trading portfolios. Flows follow raw returns rather than factor model alphas. Additionally, flows are highly persistent. Finally, social trading portfolios with higher visibility on the web page of the social trading platform as well as traders communicating actively to investors via public comments attract higher inflows.
Detection of submerged fermentation of Tremella aurantialba using data fusion of electronic nose and tongue
Authors: Dai Chunxia , Huang Xingyi , Huang Daming , Lv Riqin , Sun Jun , Zhang Zhicai , Ma Mei , Aheto Joshua Harrington
Published: January 2019

In this study, a fusion model to combine electronic nose and electronic tongue was developed to detect submerged fermentation of Tremella aurantialba (T. aurantialba). Three chemical indicators of T. aurantialba fermentation were detected by traditional measuring methods as a comparison, including ergosterol content, reducing sugar content and polysaccharide content. Principal component analysis (PCA) and layer fusion in the feature were applied on electronic nose and electronic tongue data. Support vector machine regression (SVR) model was established for quantitative determination of the three chemical indicators. The SVR model was combined with PCA for testing of ergosterol content, reducing sugar content, and polysaccharide content. The correlation coefficient of the test set for ergosterol content, reducing sugar content, and polysaccharide content were 0.9946, 0.9945, and 0.9934, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction of the models for the three indicators were 2.7765 μg/mL, 29.1405 mg/mL, and 0.4858 mg/mL, respectively. The results proved that the combined system could be used to predict the ergosterol content, reducing sugar content, and polysaccharide content during submerged fermentation of T. aurantialba. In conclusion, detection of T. aurantialba fermentation based on electronic nose and electronic tongue technologies achieved satisfactory results and, therefore, offers broad application prospects in the liquid state industry.

Practical applications

The fermentation broth of T. aurantialba has a variety of pharmacological effects. The submerged fermentation of T. aurantialba is very complex. The existing detection technology needs a cumbersome process of sample preparation and costs a lot of time, which cannot meet the need of rapid detection. Electronic nose combined with electronic tongue could detect the odor and taste changes during the T. aurantialba fermentation quickly. The fusion techniques showed good performances in the quantitation of the main indicators of T. aurantialba. The method can be used to determine the state of fermentation instead of the traditional methods. It further improves the accuracy and scientificity of quantitative evaluation for T. aurantialba fermentation. Data fusion technique to combine electronic nose and electronic tongue could be applied in the liquid state fermentation industry in the future.
Study of electrochemically treated walnut emulsion and its stability
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xu , Yu Changhua , Jiang Lianzhou , Yu Dianyu , Wang Liqi , Elfalleh Walid
Published: January 2019

The oil‐containing walnut flour has limited applications since it is easily oxidized and deteriorated. In the present study, walnut cake with a fat content of 16.3% was used as a raw material for by‐products making following an hydraulic process. The walnut cake was crushed to 20 meshes and mixed with water at a ratio of 1:4. The mixtures were ground and filtered. Then, the filtrates were homogenized at 80 MPa pressure. The walnut emulsions were pumped into the solid polymer electrochemical reaction chamber at a speed of 35 mL/min, the temperature was controlled at 60 °C, the current density of the direct current was 0.08 A/cm2, and the time of cycle reaction was 90 min. After electrochemical treatment, the iodine values of fats in walnut emulsions were reduced from 140 to 92 g I2/100 g oil. The nitrogen solubility index of walnut emulsion has improved by 4.6% at 30 °C. Storing the oil‐containing walnut flour for 24 weeks, the peroxide value was reduced to 5.64 meq O2/kg oil compared to the nonelectrochemical treated oil (10.52 meq O2/kg oil). These results indicate that the electrochemical treatment enhances the stability of the oil‐containing walnut flour.

Practical applications

In the present study, fats from walnut cake were used for by‐products making following a hydraulic process. The electrochemical hydrogenation reduced the iodine values of fats in walnut emulsions. Based on the current funding, the oxidation stability of oil‐containing walnut flour was improved significantly. The trans fatty acids of electrochemical‐treated oil‐containing walnut flour was only 1.6%. A portion of the protein was electrolytically reduced. The nitrogen solubility index of oil‐containing walnut flour increased and improved the quality of the final products. The electrochemical hydrogenation improved significantly the stability of oil‐containing walnut flour and can be further applied for industrial purposes.
Heterogeneity in the Health and Functional Capacity of Adults Aged 85+ as Risk for Mortality
Authors: Burns Richard A. , French Davina , Luszcz Mary , Kendig Hal L. , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES

To examine whether older adults aged 85+, with different health and functional capacities, cluster in different ways and to demonstrate whether individuals within particular clusters report differential mortality risk.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

The Dynamic Analyses to Optimize Aging (DYNOPTA) project is a harmonization project of nine Australian longitudinal surveys of health and well‐being in adults aged 50+ between 1991 and 2006.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants were 685 older adults (female = 52%) living in the community and aged 85 to 103 at baseline who were followed until death or December 31, 2006, for survivors.

MEASUREMENT

Latent class analysis (LCA) analyzed self‐reported information on physical health, mental health, and functional capacity to define homogeneous classes based on probable cognitive impairment and depression status, medical conditions, and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.

RESULTS

LCA discriminated four classes reflecting two main survival patterns. Two classes reported half the median survival days; differences between these classes were related to high vs moderate depression and extent of functional limitations. Two classes reported better survival; differences between these classes were related to functional limitations, but both had low proportions with depression and dementia. The classes with shorter survival were associated with substantively higher rates of depression and dementia.

CONCLUSION

Higher rates of baseline depression and dementia were unique characteristics of those individuals in the clusters that reported shorter survival. However, a substantial proportion of very old adults experience good mental health with better survival outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1036–1042, 2019.
Facilitated Peer Mentorship to Support Aging Research: A RE‐AIM Evaluation of the CoMPAdRE Program
Authors: Masterson Creber Ruth M. , Baldwin Matthew R. , Brown Patrick J. , Rao Maya K. , Goyal Parag , Hummel Scott , Dodson John A. , Helmke Stephen , Maurer Mathew S.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

The need for mentorship in aging research among postdoctoral trainees and junior faculty across medical disciplines and subspecialties is increasing, yet senior personnel with expertise in aging are lacking to fulfill the traditional dyadic mentorship role. Facilitated peer mentorship is grounded in collaborative work among peers with the guidance of a senior mentor.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We evaluated the Columbia University Mentor Peer Aging Research (CoMPAdRE) program, an interprofessional facilitated peer mentorship program for early stage investigators, using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance framework (RE‐AIM). Reach: A total of 15 participants, of which 20% were women, from five states and across six medical specialties participated. Effectiveness: Participants published 183 papers, of which more than 20% were collaborative papers between CoMPAdRE mentees or mentees‐mentor. Participants reported developing skills in negotiation, navigating the academic role, organizing a seminar, management, and leadership over the course of the program. According to the qualitative findings, the most important components of the program included alignment around the aging, learning from national leaders, developing leadership skills and career networking. Adoption: Individual‐level factors included selecting participants with a research track record, willingness to sign a compact of commitment and involvement in shaping the program. An institutional‐level factor that facilitated program adoption included strong commitment from department leaders. Implementation: The program cost $3,259 per participant. Maintenance: CoMPAdRE is being maintained and currently incorporating a second cohort of mentees.

CONCLUSION

This RE‐AIM evaluation provides lessons learned and strategies for future adoption, implementation, and maintenance of an aging‐focused facilitated peer mentorship program. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:804–810, 2019.
Comparison of cone‐beam computed tomography and panoramic imaging in assessing the relationship between posterior maxillary tooth roots and the maxillary sinus: A systematic review
Authors: Kirkham‐Ali Kate , La Madeleine , Sher Judd , Sholapurkar Amar
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present systematic review was to analyze research articles that compare the accuracy of panoramic imaging to cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in assessing the relationship between posterior maxillary tooth roots and the maxillary sinus. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases. Initial searching yielded 64 results, and after exclusion, five full‐text articles were eligible. All were cohort studies, and the CBCT and panoramic images were either obtained from a pre‐existing database or patients were recruited specifically for the study. Analysis showed that a panoramic image is sufficient for accurately detecting when the roots are at distinct distance from the sinus. However, if the roots are either laterally or medially projecting over the sinus and “just touching” it, panoramic images generally misinterpret this position, and instead make the root appear to be in the sinus. There were mixed results for when the root tip penetrates the sinus. Some studies claimed there was high agreeance between both modalities in this situation, while others had a low level of agreeance. In these situations, ordering a CBCT should be strongly considered to properly assess oral surgery risk with regard to maxillary posterior teeth.
Platelet‐rich plasma and microneedling improves hair growth in patients ofandrogenetic alopecia when used as an adjuvant to minoxidil
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Zeeshan Md , Roy Prasoon Kumar , Chaudhary R. K. P. , Priya Aditi
Published: January 2019

Background

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a popular procedure for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

Aim

To ascertain the role of minoxidil 5% lotion alone versus minoxidil 5% lotion and PRP versus minoxidil 5% lotion, PRP with microneedling in AGA.

Material and methods

Ninety‐three AGA patients with Hamilton‐Norwood score 1‐5 were grouped into three groups A, B, and C. Patients in group A (control group) were treated with minoxidil 5% lotion twice daily (n = 31), whereas patients in group B underwent treatment with minoxidil 5% lotion twice daily and PRP (n = 31), and group C patients received minoxidil 5% lotion twice daily, PRP, and microneedling (n = 31). Baseline and post‐treatment photographs were taken along with dermoscopic evaluation. Selection of the dermoscopic variables included in the evaluation process was based on the published literature and dermoscopists’ expertise and experience. Hair pull test was performed before and during follow‐up.

Results

Post‐treatment, hair pull test was negative in 27 patients (87.1%, P < 0.01) of group C, 20 patients (64.5%, P < 0.05) of group B, and 15 patients (48.4%) of group A. Hair growth was better appreciated in group C (26/31) compared to groups B (17/31)and A (10/31).The patients’ self‐satisfaction score on a Likert scale was more than seven (high satisfaction) in 24/31 patients in group C. There was a statistically significant difference between three groups in terms of hair pull test, terminal‐to‐vellus hair ratio, and patient satisfaction score as determined by one‐way ANOVA.

Conclusion

PRP with microneedling is better in comparison with PRP alone or minoxidil monotherapy in patients with AGA.
Does Openness to Experience matter in love and work? Domain, facet, and developmental evidence from a 24‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Schwaba Ted , Robins Richard W. , Grijalva Emily , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: January 2019

Objective

Although numerous studies have demonstrated that personality traits predict important love and work outcomes, there is mixed evidence for the relevance of Openness to Experience to love and work. We sought to better understand the long‐term consequences of Openness in these two domains.

Method

We examined the associations between Openness and 51 love and work outcomes using data from a 24‐year longitudinal study of UC Berkeley students (N = 497) followed from the beginning of college into midlife. Using latent growth curve modeling, we examined whether Openness levels and change in Openness from college to midlife were associated with downstream love and work outcomes. Additionally, we tested whether three facets of Openness (intellectual interests, aesthetic interests, and unconventionality) had differential associations with outcomes.

Results

Although stable levels of Openness predicted few work or love outcomes, individual differences in Openness change were associated with delayed romantic commitment and some career outcomes. In addition, there were significant differences among facets of Openness: intellectual interests were highly associated with educational outcomes, whereas aesthetic interests and unconventionality predicted nontraditional career motivations.

Conclusions

We situate these results in past research on real‐world consequences of personality traits and discuss implications for theory and future research.