bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the potentials of circular economy values in logistics and supply chain management
Authors: Ripanti Eva Faja , Tjahjono Benny
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to unveil the circular economy (CE) values with an ultimate goal to provide tenets in a format or structure that can potentially be used for designing a circular, closed-loop supply chain and reverse logistics.

Design/methodology/approach

This is desk-based research whose data were collected from relevant publication databases and other scientific resources, using a wide range of keywords and phrases associated with CE, reverse logistics, product recovery and other relevant terms. There are five main steps in the reformulation of CE principles: literature filtering, literature analysis, thematic analysis, value definition and value mapping.

Findings

In total, 15 CE values have been identified according to their fundamental concepts, behaviours, characteristics and theories. The values are grouped into principles, intrinsic attributes and enablers. These values can be embedded into the design process of product recovery management, reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to the redefinition, identification and implementation of the CE values, as a basis for the transformation from a traditional to a more circular supply chain. The reformulation of the CE values will potentially affect the way supply chain and logistics systems considering the imperatives of circularity may be designed in the future.

Originality/value

The reformulation principles, intrinsic attributes and enablers of CE in this paper is considered innovative in terms of improving a better understanding of the notion of CE and how CE can be applied in the context of modern logistics and supply chain management.
The paradox of the contented female worker
Authors: Asadullah M. Niaz , Talukder Fahema
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of subjective and emotional well-being of workers in Bangladesh’s female-intensive export-oriented ready-made garments (RMG) factories based on a function of demographic, economic and psychological factors and work-place characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

Employee-level data are obtained from a purposefully designed survey conducted in 2014 on 50 RMG factories located outside the country’s export processing zones. Dependent variables include domain-specific as well as overall life satisfaction. The analysis is quantitative in nature and based on ordered probit and (factory) fixed-effect regression models.

Findings

Compared to men, female workers are found to be more satisfied with life and financial situations and less depressed, a finding that is robust to controls for workplace characteristics and policies (e.g. provisions for childcare; higher presence of female supervisors; and management’s attitude toward work life balance) and factory fixed effects. This suggests that despite various compliance-related problems, employment in the RMG sector is intrinsically valued by female employees. Among other findings, although absolute income does not appear to affect well-being, relative income effect is statistically significant.

Originality/value

Although there is a sizable literature on the importance of decent jobs and women’s employment in low-pay manufacturing jobs in developing countries, studies on whether women intrinsically value such jobs are limited. Our study is unique in the sense that it draws on a purposefully designed survey conducted a year after the deadly collapse of RMG factory buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The incident exposed unsafe work conditions in which millions of women work in manufacturing sector around the developing world. To our knowledge, this is also the first paper on subjective assessment of work and non-work aspects of lives of women employed in Bangladesh’s RMG sector. The study also contributes to the international literature on the paradox of the contented female worker in low-pay jobs. Therefore, the paper will be of significant interest to readers from other countries that rely on apparel exports and depend on female labor.
Mutual fund trading around mergers and fund performance
Authors: Kaprielyan Margarita , Hossain Md Miran , Danso Charles Armah
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether mutual funds (MFs) take positions in companies that subsequently engage in M&As and whether fund managers adjust portfolio holdings in the same direction as wealth creation from mergers. Further, the study is the first to examine the relation between active trading surrounding M&As and risk-adjusted performance in MFs.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample includes mergers conducted by publicly traded acquirers of public and private targets over 2003–2016. Several measures of MF managerial activeness in M&As are introduced: merger trading intensity (proportional change in fund’s holdings of M&A stocks), active merger weight (deviation of the fund’s actual weights in M&A stocks and value weights) and active merger trading (deviation of the fund’s actual weights in M&A stocks from the average weights in M&A stocks across the funds within the same Center for Research in Security Prices objective).

Findings

Fund managers who are more vested in the firms engaged in M&As and who are more active in their trades of M&A firms generate higher contemporaneous and subsequent risk-adjusted performance, indicative of managerial skill. Active M&A trading effect on performance is economically meaningful.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine whether previously documented predictive power of active institutions regarding M&As’ profitability leads to higher risk-adjusted returns for MF investors. The study introduces several measures to gauge how actively fund managers trade companies engaged in M&As and contributes to the literature on MF managers’ ability to pick stocks.
Driving impact through base of the pyramid distribution models
Authors: Varga Valeria , Rosca Eugenia
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research question: how can intermediaries contribute to social impact creation through their interventions at different levels of distribution networks in the base of the pyramid (BoP) markets?

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts an embedded case study of an intermediary organization. The analysis focuses on the intervention of the intermediary on the distribution stages of supply chains in four different projects in the food sector in Ethiopia, Benin, Nigeria and Bangladesh.

Findings

The embedded case study reveals essential formal and informal roles undertaken by the intermediary organization to develop decentralized distribution networks based on local micro-entrepreneurs. The study proposes that efforts undertaken by the intermediaries toward knowledge sharing and capacity building among partners can enable the adoption of pro-poor strategies across the supply chain. Moreover, hybrid intermediaries can act as “guardians” of the mutual value creation approach since one of their key roles is to advocate the needs of the BoP.

Research limitations/implications

Important implications for improving nutrition and food security in the BoP markets are developed based on the empirical findings. The findings open avenues for further research into the antecedents of retention rates in distribution networks based on local micro-entrepreneurs.

Practical implications

Findings have implications for different types of BoP initiatives by highlighting how intermediary organizations intervene to develop distribution models with a special focus on social impact.

Originality/value

This paper fills an important research gap by discussing social impact aspects in BoP supply chains by adopting the perspective of intermediary organizations.
Crafting strategy for international marketing: outside-in or inside-out?
Authors: Asseraf Yoel , Shoham Aviv
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Drawing on the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities and exploration literatures, the purpose of this paper is to simultaneously investigate the impact of outside-in (OI) and inside-out (IO) strategic approaches on international strategic performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey-based quantitative study was used. The final sample consisted of 202 internationally active SBUs of Israeli firms. Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling.

Findings

OI approach to strategy enhances international performance more than IO does. OI is antecedent of exploratory marketing capabilities (MCs), while IO is antecedent of exploratory technological capabilities (TCs). The direct positive effect of exploratory MCs on performance is twice as strong as exploratory TCs are. Additionally, exploratory MCs positively impact performance through product adaptation.

Practical implications

To enhance international performance, managers should devote attention to an OI approach by incorporating a market orientation with responsive flexibility. Managers should be aware that exploratory MCs are more important in an international context than exploratory TCs are. Stakeholders such as venture capitalists can use the OI–IO model to predict which international venture is more promising.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the international marketing field by shedding light on the OI–IO debate, its transformation into exploratory capabilities and how it relates to the standardization–adaptation debate. New and broad OI–IO’s conceptualizations are developed and new viewpoints for understanding how international marketing should work and what motivates firms to adapt are offered. Overall, an OI–IO typology helps to bring order to an otherwise confusing conceptual landscape.
Digital or human touchpoints? Insights from consumer-facing in-store services
Authors: Vannucci Virginia , Pantano Eleonora
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Prior research highlights the extent to which consumers largely appreciate the possibility to choose among different digital touchpoints during the in-store experience, which results in a pervasive introduction of digital touchpoints as the first point of contact between retailers and consumers. However, consumers also give value to the human interactions in the service channels. The previous studies do not conclusively indicate the best balance of digital and human services. The purpose of this paper is to understand consumer-facing in-store services in new technology-enriched retail settings.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach involving face-to-face semi structured interviews was applied. To this end, the authors recruited 26 participants in Northern Italy between October and November 2017.

Findings

Results reveal motivations, preferences and discouraging factors leading consumers’ interactions with digital or human touchpoints. Findings ultimately provide useful guidelines to managers on understanding consumers’ attitudes toward digital vs human touchpoints phenomenon.

Originality/value

By identifying the key drivers of either digital and human touchpoints selection in offline retail settings, the present study figured out the attributes playing the crucial role in determining consumers’ preference regarding the in-store alternatives. Findings allow a further greater clarification of the practical issues, with emphasis on the new of human–machine integration.
The clothes swapping phenomenon – when consumers become suppliers
Authors: Henninger Claudia Elisabeth , Bürklin Nina , Niinimäki Kirsi
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore swap-shops, which emerged as part of the collaborative consumption phenomenon, by investigating what the implications are of consumers acting as suppliers and how this affects supply chain management within the context of the fashion industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study explores the collaborative consumption phenomenon through swap-shops in three countries: the UK, Finland and Germany. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with swappers, non-swappers and organisers. To further enhance the data set six observations of swap-shop events were conducted. Data were transcribed and analysed using multiple coding cycles and using a grounded research approach.

Findings

Findings indicate that consumers were most concerned with availability/sizing and quality of garments, whilst organisers felt uncertainty was the biggest issue. Data allowed creating a framework that blueprints the swapping supply chain, in which consumers emerge as suppliers. It highlights possible activities in different cycles, whilst furthermore indicates that consumption cycles can move from monetary (e.g. selling) to non-monetary transactions (e.g. swapping) and vice versa.

Practical implications

Swapping as a relatively new fashion supply mode implies a fluidity of market roles. Disruptive business models can blur boundaries between the supply- and demand-side. This indicates that consumers can change “roles” multiple times as they go through the consumption cycle.

Originality/value

The authors extended the knowledge on swapping by describing how this phenomenon can activate consumers, and extend and intensify the use of garments and therefore swapping can slow the material throughput in the system. It is the first paper to focus solely on swapping within a three country context.
Another look at property market maturity framework and its application to Lagos property market, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye Abel , Adebara Beatrice Oyinloluwa
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the framework for determining property market maturity by including the economic characteristics of a country in the measure.

Design/methodology/approach

The examination was done in Lagos property market, which was stratified into Mainland and Island markets. A total of 181 estate surveying and valuation firms and 87 property development companies, as represented by top-level managers, participated in the survey. Data were collected on their perception of property market maturity attributes that included market openness, presence of professionals, level of transparency and state of the economy, among others. The data were analyzed using mean rating and mean deviation.

Findings

The result showed that “diversity of real estate products and forms” was ranked highly and had reached a mature stage in Lagos Mainland, Island and the aggregated Lagos market. Contrarily, the state of the economy was still at immature stage in Lagos and its sub-markets. Overall, the results showed that the Lagos property market was emerging and that the inclusion of economic features in the maturity framework reduced the level of maturity of the market when compared with previous studies.

Practical implications

The study implied that the assessment of the state of economy of a country, as part of the attributes for measuring property market maturity, will impact on the result and should be taken into consideration.

Originality/value

The study adds to the previous studies on property market maturity by assessing the impact of the economic characteristics of a country on the measure.
Digital advertising as service: introducing contextually embedded selling
Authors: Nyström Anna-Greta , Mickelsson Karl-Jacob
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Previous research on advertising in digital contexts has emphasized its persuasive and information processing roles for the customer. This paper aims to problematize this point of view and argues that the converged and interactive nature of digital media makes all advertising content into potential points of engagement in a digital media journey.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual in nature and applies service logic (SL) and customer engagement to reconceptualize digital advertising and selling.

Findings

The authors present digital advertisements and digital media content as elements that contribute to a digital media journey, which ideally leads to a purchase. Advertising content is regarded as a resource used by consumers in their underlying value-creating processes. Thus, the digital advertising process is conceptualized as a customer-driven process of engaging with digital media content, where a purchase is incorporated in (and naturally follows from) the theme of engagement.

Research limitations/implications

The paper introduces the concept of contextually embedded selling, which refers to a process where digital advertising content is thematically congruent with the surrounding editorial content, so that both contribute to the same consumer journey. Otherwise, consumers experience a contextual jump – a disconnect in theme, place or time during the consumer’s process of engagement with the digital content.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to advertising theory on advertising, engagement and the emerging research on consumer journey design by presenting an approach based on SL, namely, contextually embedded digital selling.
Assessment of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary school infrastructure delivery in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Bonisile Ngxito , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu , Opawole Akintayo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Anecdotal evidence indicates that there is a backlog in the pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the adoption of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary educational infrastructure delivery with a view to providing empirical evidence that could guide policy responses towards its wider adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a mixed methodology approach. This comprises a triangulation of a questionnaire survey and interviews. In total, 100 participants were randomly selected from 182 built environment professionals namely quantity surveyors, architects and engineers (electrical, mechanical, civil and structural) from the Department of Roads and Public Works (DRPW), who are currently involved in the Eastern Cape School Building Program (ECSBP). The questionnaire survey was supplemented by semi-structured interviews conducted with four top government officials (three from the Department of Education (DoE) and one from DRPW) who were also part of the questionnaire survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and phenomenological interpretation respectively.

Findings

The key findings showed that the level of adoption of ABT for pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape province is primarily influenced and explained by perceptions that ABT offers inferior quality products compared to the conventional method, and limited awareness of its benefits.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides useful insights into the implications of the limited awareness of ABT as a an alternative technology for educational infrastructure delivery and policy responses towards its wider adoption and environmental sustainability.

Originality/value

Empirical evidence from this study indicates that the main motivation for the adoption of ABT is the limited government’s budget to cope with school infrastructural backlog, while environmental sustainability benefit is only secondary. Nonetheless, the realization that the backlogs in the provision of school infrastructure has resulted from sole reliance on the use of the conventional method is an indication of the potential that the adoption of ABT holds for minimizing of the backlog.
Purchase intention of organic food under the influence of attributes, consumer trust and perceived value
Authors: Curvelo Isabelle Cristina Galindo , Watanabe Eluiza Alberto de Morais , Alfinito Solange
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The consumption of organic food increases worldwide, which raises the need for studies that try to understand the variables that affect the consumption of this kind of food. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of attributes, consumer trust and perceived value on purchase intention of organic food.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive quantitative research was conducted through a survey of 247 valid cases of organic food consumers. For the purposes of analysis, exploratory factorial and linear regression analyzes were chosen.

Findings

Exploratory factor analysis showed that all tested constructs were valid for the Brazilian context. Linear regression analyses showed that emotional value, consumer trust and the attribute “sensory appeal” affect the purchase intention of organic food. Emotional value had a stronger relationship and sensory appeal showed a negative relationship with purchase intention.

Practical implications

Research results can help managers increase the likelihood of buying organic foods through strategic marketing management focused on emotional value and sensory appeal factors.

Originality/value

The study offers value to the study of organic foods in view that this theme is not much explored in the Brazilian scenario even with the market in an increasing pattern, as well as the combination of perceived value, attributes, trust and purchase intention as variables in a single prediction model.
Health impacts of a WISE: a longitudinal study
Authors: Elmes Aurora Isabelle
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to report findings from the first year of the Vanguard Laundry evaluation study, which explores the impacts of a work integration social enterprise (WISE) on health.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on social determinants of health (SDH) conceptual framework, a mixed-methods longitudinal case study is used to evaluate the health impacts of a WISE employing people with lived experience of mental illness. In stage one of this study, 31 participants including staff and managers completed semi-structured interviews, validated health and well-being measures and a questionnaire based on the organisation’s theory of change. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative data are analysed thematically.

Findings

Data provided further evidence of the conceptualised WISE pathways for impact on SDH through employment, social integration, increased income, improved social position and living conditions. While social enterprise (SE) beneficiary staff had lower well-being scores than other staff members and management, the majority reported improved health, increased social supports and enhanced well-being through improved material conditions and increased sense of purpose, confidence and social connection.

Research limitations/implications

Stage one of this study relied on self-reported data. Future stages will incorporate income support and health data extracted from government agencies with participant consent.

Originality/value

This paper responds to calls for longitudinal studies that include a range of participants and use health outcome measures to further explore how a WISE impacts health through acting on SDH.
Avoid M&A assimilation heartburn: an actionable model for cultural due diligence and integration
Authors: Galpin Tim
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper offers an approach to deal with the value destruction caused when culturally incompatible organizations merge.

Design/methodology/approach

A field-tested Cultural Comparison and Integration Model is demonstrated. 10;

Findings

The model illustrates how managers can compare and integrate cultures of combining firms using “cultural levers”.

Practical implications

A case example of the model in practice is included.

Originality/value

The model has been tested in a large and medium size organizations in a variety of industries and nationalities.
Single‐cell determination of iron content in magnetotactic bacteria: implications for the iron biogeochemical cycle
Authors: Amor Matthieu , Tharaud Mickaël , Gélabert Alexandre , Komeili Arash
Published: June 2019

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that mineralize dissolved iron into intracellular magnetic crystals. After cell death, these crystals are trapped into sediments that remove iron from the soluble pool. MTB may significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle, especially in the ocean where dissolved iron limits nitrogen fixation and primary productivity. A thorough assessment of their impact has been hampered by a lack of methodology to measure the amount of, and variability in, their intracellular iron content. We quantified the iron mass contained in single MTB cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB‐1 using a time‐resolved inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry methodology. Bacterial iron content depends on the external iron concentration, and reaches a maximum value of ~10−6 ng of iron per cell. From these results, we calculated the flux of dissolved iron incorporation into environmental MTB populations and conclude that MTB may mineralize a significant fraction of dissolved iron into crystals.
The biological role of the enigmatic C3larvinAB toxin of the honey bee pathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Ebeling Julia , Knispel Henriette , Fünfhaus Anne , Genersch Elke
Published: June 2019

Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the notifiable epizootic American foulbrood, a fatal bacterial disease of honey bee larvae. The species P. larvae has been classified into four differentially virulent and prevalent genotypes (ERIC I‐IV), which also differ in their virulence factor equipment. Recently, a novel P. larvae toxin, the C3‐like C3larvin, has been described. Genome analysis now revealed that the C3larvin gene is actually a part of a toxin locus encompassing two genes encoding a binary AB toxin with the A subunit being C3larvin (C3larvinA) and a putative B subunit (C3larvinB) encoded by the second gene. Sequence and structural analyses demonstrated that C3larvinB is a homologue of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), the B subunit of anthrax toxin. The C3larvinAB toxin locus was interrupted by point mutations in all analysed P. larvae ERIC I and ERIC II strains. Only one P. larvae ERIC III/IV strain harboured an uninterrupted toxin locus comprising full‐length genes for C3larvinA and B. Exposure bioassays did not substantiate a role as virulence factor for C3larvinAB in P. larvae ERIC I/II. However, the PA homologue C3larvinB had an influence on the virulence of the unique P. larvae strain expressing the functional C3larvinAB locus.
Magnetosome magnetite biomineralization in a flagellated protist: evidence for an early evolutionary origin for magnetoreception in eukaryotes
Authors: Leão Pedro , Le Nagard Lucas , Yuan Hao , Cypriano Jefferson , Da Silva‐Neto Inácio , Bazylinski Dennis A. , Acosta‐Avalos Daniel , de Barros Henrique L. , Hitchcock Adam P. , Lins Ulysses , Abreu Fernanda
Published: June 2019

The most well‐recognized magnetoreception behaviour is that of the magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), which synthesize membrane‐bounded magnetic nanocrystals called magnetosomes via a biologically controlled process. The magnetic minerals identified in prokaryotic magnetosomes are magnetite (Fe3O4) and greigite (Fe3S4). Magnetosome crystals, regardless of composition, have consistent, species‐specific morphologies and single‐domain size range. Because of these features, magnetosome magnetite crystals possess specific properties in comparison to abiotic, chemically synthesized magnetite. Despite numerous discoveries regarding MTB phylogeny over the last decades, this diversity is still considered underestimated. Characterization of magnetotactic microorganisms is important as it might provide insights into the origin and establishment of magnetoreception in general, including eukaryotes. Here, we describe the magnetotactic behaviour and characterize the magnetosomes from a flagellated protist using culture‐independent methods. Results strongly suggest that, unlike previously described magnetotactic protists, this flagellate is capable of biomineralizing its own anisotropic magnetite magnetosomes, which are aligned in complex aggregations of multiple chains within the cell. This organism has a similar response to magnetic field inversions as MTB. Therefore, this eukaryotic species might represent an early origin of magnetoreception based on magnetite biomineralization. It should add to the definition of parameters and criteria to classify biogenic magnetite in the fossil record.
The Relationship between Income, Wealth and Age in Australia
Authors: Tapper Alan , Fenna Alan
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the relationship between income, wealth, wealth‐adjusted income and age in Australia using a 2009–10 cross‐sectional data set. The main findings are: (i) wealth and wealth‐adjusted income generally rise with age, while income is constant across the life cycle; (ii) both income inequality and wealth inequality rise until mid‐life and fall thereafter, while wealth‐adjusted income inequality depends on the method of calculation used, one showing a fall in later life and another showing no fall; and (iii) after income, wealth and wealth‐adjusted income inequalities are adjusted for age, underlying inequality is lower in all three cases.
Congenital anomalies following antenatal exposure to dolutegravir: a Canadian surveillance study
Authors: Money D , Lee T , O'Brien C , Brophy J , Bitnun A , Kakkar F , Boucoiran I , Alimenti A , Vaudry W , Singer J , Sauve LJ ,   the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program
Published: June 2019

Objective

Dolutegravir is recommended worldwide as a first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for individuals living with HIV. A recent study reported increased rates of neural tube defects in infants of dolutegravir‐treated women. This study examined rates of congenital anomalies in infants born to women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada.

Design

The Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Programme captures surveillance data on pregnant WLWH and their babies and was analysed to examine the incidence of congenital anomalies.

Setting

Paediatric HIV clinics.

Population

Live‐born infants born in Canada to WLWH between 2007 and 2017.

Methods

Data on mother–infant pairs, including maternal ART use at conception and during pregnancy, are collected by participating sites.

Main outcome measures

Congenital anomalies.

Results

Of the 2423 WLWH, 85 (3.5%, 95% CI 2.85–4.36%) had non‐chromosomal congenital anomalies. There was no evidence of a significant difference in rates of congenital anomalies between women who were on ART in their first trimester (3.9%, CI 1.7–7.6%) or later in the pregnancy (3.9%, 95% CI 2.6–5.6%). Four of the 80 (5.0%, 95% CI 1.4–12.3%) neonates born to WLWH on dolutegravir during the first trimester had congenital anomalies, none were neural tube defects (95% CI 0.00–3.10%).

Conclusion

Despite recent evidence raising a safety concern, this analysis found no signal for increased congenital anomalies.

Tweetable abstract

Five percent of the infants of Canadian women living with HIV on dolutegravir at conception had congenital anomalies; none had neural tube defects.
Clinical outcomes of neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support: A seventeen‐year, single institution experience
Authors: Trivedi Payal , Glass Kristen , Clark Joseph B. , Myers John L. , Cilley Robert E. , Ceneviva Gary , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to describe a single‐center experience with neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and compare patient‐related outcomes with those of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry. A retrospective review of subject characteristics, outcomes, and complications of patients who received the ECLS at Penn State Health Children’s Hospital (PSHCH) from 2000 to 2016 was performed. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the PSHCH outcomes and complications to the ELSO Registry report. Data from 118 patients were included. Survival to discontinuation of the ECLS was 70.3% and 65.2% to discharge/transfer. Following circuitry equipment changes, the survival to discharge/transfer improved for both neonatal (<29 days) and pediatric (29 days to <18 years) patients. The most common complications associated with ECLS were clinical seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, and culture‐proven infection. ECLS for pulmonary support appeared to be associated with a higher risk of circuit thrombus and cannula problems. When compared to the ELSO Registry, low volume ECLS centers, like our institution, can have outcomes that are no different or statistically better as noted with neonatal and pediatric cardiac patients. Pediatric patients requiring pulmonary support appeared to experience more mechanical complications during ECLS suggesting the need for ongoing technological improvement.
Detection of legal highs in the urine of methadone‐treated patient by LC‐MS
Authors: Labuz Krzysztof , Adamowicz Piotr , Kała Maria , Pyrc Krzysztof , Reszke Edward , Mielczarek Przemyslaw , Silberring Jerzy , Smoluch Marek
Published: June 2019

Urine tests are the commonly accepted methods to control abstinence and adherence to treatment of patients who undergo methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Depending on various national guidelines and accessibility of techniques, only selected psychoactive substances are routinely tested in urine of MMT patients. In general, they belong to the few groups of compounds: THC, cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, PCP and benzodiazepines. It is, however, well known that patients enrolled in such replacement programmes take psychoactive substances that are not routinely detected by the toxicology laboratories, to escape unexpected tests. Here, we report semiquantitative detection of legal highs taken by the MMT patient, using high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to the flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow ion source (LC‐FAPA‐MS). To demonstrate effectivity of this technique, the data were confirmed by quantitative analysis using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. In the analysed sample of MMT patient, a mixture of psychoactive compounds was found, namely 3‐MMC (3‐methylmethcathinone), pentedrone and methcathinone and determined at the concentrations of 670; 50 and 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. Such fast analytical technique may be useful for the efficient control of substances taken intentionally by MMT patients.
Soil biota composition and the performance of a noxious weed across its invaded range
Authors: Nunes Krystal A. , Fitzpatrick Connor R. , Kotanen Peter M.
Published: June 2019

The success of invasive plant species is driven, in part, by feedback with soil ecosystems. Yet, how variation in belowground communities across latitudinal gradients affects invader distributions remains poorly understood. To determine the effect of soil communities on the performance of the noxious weedCirsium arvenseacross its invaded range, we grew seedlings for 40 days in soils collected across a 699 km linear distance from both inside and outside established populations. We also described the mesofaunal and bacterial communities across all soil samples. We found thatC. arvensetypically performed better when grown in soils sourced from northern populations than from southern locations where it has a longer invasion history. We also found evidence thatC. arvenseperformed best in soils sourced from outside invaded patches, although this was not consistent across all sites. The bacterial community showed a significant increase in the magnitude of compositional change in invaded sites at higher latitudes, while the mesofaunal community showed the opposite pattern. Bacterial community composition was significantly correlated withC. arvenseperformance, although mesofaunal community composition was not. Our results demonstrate that the interactions between an invasive plant and associated soil communities change across the invaded range, and the bacterial community in particular may affect variation in plant performance. Observed patterns may be caused byC.arvensepresence and time since invasion allowing for an accumulation of species‐specific pathogens in southern soils, while the naïveté of northern soils to invasion results in a more responsive bacterial community. Although these interactions are difficult to predict, such effects could possibly facilitate the establishment of this exotic species to novel locations.
Beyond the reef: The widespread use of non‐reef habitats by coral reef fishes
Authors: Sambrook Katie , Hoey Andrew S. , Andréfouët Serge , Cumming Graeme S. , Duce Stephanie , Bonin Mary C.
Published: June 2019

Marine ecology seeks to understand the factors that shape biological communities. Progress towards this goal has been hampered by habitat‐centric approaches that ignore the influence of the wider seascape. Coral reef fishes may use non‐reef habitats (e.g. mangrove and seagrass) extensively, yet most studies have focused on within‐reef attributes or connectivity between reefs to explain trends in their distribution and abundance. We systematically review the evidence for multihabitat use by coral reef fishes across life stages, feeding guilds and conservation status. At least 670 species of “coral reef fish” have been observed in non‐reef habitats, with almost half (293 species) being recorded in two or more non‐reef habitats. Of the 170 fish species for which both adult and juvenile data were available, almost 76% were recorded in non‐reef habitats in both life stages. Importantly, over half of the coral reef fish species recorded in non‐reef habitats (397 spp.) were potential fisheries targets. The use of non‐reef habitats by “coral reef” fishes appears to be widespread, suggesting in turn that attempts to manage anthropogenic impacts on fisheries and coral reefs may need to consider broader scales and different forms of connectivity than traditional approaches recommend. Faced with the deteriorating condition of many coastal habitats, there is a pressing need to better understand how the wider seascape can influence reef fish populations, community dynamics, food‐webs and other key ecological processes on reefs.
Glamour among value: P/E ratios and value investor attention
Authors: Moore Jordan
Published: June 2019

The trailing‐four‐quarter price–earnings (P/E) ratio is the most popular fundamental value proxy. This article is the first to examine the P/E ratio as the preeminent measure of value investor attention. Trailing‐four‐quarter P/E ratios predict significantly greater cross‐sectional variation in stock returns than lagged P/E ratios or current price‐to‐book (P/B) ratios. P/E strategy returns are robust to variables that proxy for fundamental risk, variables mechanically related to P/E ratios, relative trading volume, and liquidity. The role of attention is evident in return patterns across long and short portfolios, day of the week, and time since formation. Stocks with low P/E ratios exhibit an increase in total trading volume driven by small trades, an improvement in liquidity, and lower idiosyncratic volatility. These patterns are consistent with the typical trading activity of individual investors, who have the strongest attention constraints.
Effect of different freezing methods on the bioaccessibility of strawberry polyphenols
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem
Published: June 2019

Freezing is one of the most well‐established food preservation technique that is used to prolong the shelf life and maintain the quality of strawberries. The aim of the present study was (i) to investigate the changes in polyphenols from fresh and frozen strawberries during in vitro digestion and (ii) to compare effects induced by individual quick freezing (IQF) and conventional freezing (CF). Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, whereas identification and quantification of major polyphenols were carried out using UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS and HPLC‐PDA, respectively. The results showed that the bioaccessible amount of major anthocyanin from frozen strawberries, i.e., pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside, corresponding to 72–89% of the total anthocyanins, was significantly higher than that of fresh strawberries (10.8–13.3 and 5.8 μg g−1 sample, respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, the current study highlighted that freezing, independent of process type, i.e., IQF or CF, enhances the total amount of bioaccessible anthocyanins in strawberries.
Adjudicating Executive Privilege: Federal Administrative Agencies and Deliberative Process Privilege Claims in U.S. District Courts
Authors: Johnson Gbemende E.
Published: June 2019

Government transparency is a key component of democratic accountability. The U.S. Congress and the president have created multiple legislative avenues to facilitate executive branch transparency with the public. However, when the executive branch withholds requested information from the public, the federal judiciary has the power to determine whether agencies must release documents and information to requestors. When enforcing standards of executive branch transparency, judges must balance concerns of executive autonomy and judicial intrusion into administrative decisionmaking. While much judicial scholarship focuses on the decisionmaking on high courts, in the U.S. context, federal district courts play a key role in adjudicating transparency disputes. In this article, I examine case outcomes in disputes involving agency claims of deliberative process privilege over internal agency documents litigated between 1994 and 2004. I find that U.S. federal district courts largely defer to administrative agencies in transparency disputes. However, factors such as agency structure and the congruence between judicial and administrative agency policy preferences influence whether federal judges require executive branch officials to release requested information.
What drives polyploidization in plants?
Authors: Stuessy Tod , Weiss‐Schneeweiss Hanna
Published: June 2019

This article is a Commentary on Wagner et al. 223: 2039–2053.
Age at cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus and varicella zoster virus infection and risk of atopy: The Born in Bradford cohort, UK
Authors: Pembrey Lucy , Waiblinger Dagmar , Griffiths Paul , Wright John
Published: June 2019

Background

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in recent decades, but the causes remain unclear. Changes in the epidemiology of childhood infections could have contributed, but the current evidence is inconclusive. This study aims to investigate whether age at cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is associated with the development of atopy.

Methods

A total of 2559 children were enrolled in the Born in Bradford Allergy and Infection Study. Serum samples collected at 12 and 24 months were tested for CMV‐IgG, EBV‐IgG and VZV‐IgG for 1000 children to establish age at infection. Skin prick testing (SPT) was conducted at age 4 years.

Results

Serology and SPT results were available for 740 children. Of these, 135 (18%) were atopic. In girls, there was a strong association of CMV infection in the second year with increased odds of atopy (adjusted OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.87‐10.29) but this was not observed in boys. Age at EBV or VZV infection was not associated with risk of atopy in unadjusted analysis, but there was effect modification by sex; girls infected with VZV in the second year of life had increased odds of atopy (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.29‐6.30).

Conclusions

Our results highlight potential sex‐specific effects of age at CMV infection and age at VZV infection on risk of atopy, which provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the development of atopy.
Correlates of Intimate Partner Homicide among Male Suicide Decedents with Known Intimate Partner Problems
Authors: Logan Joseph E. , Ertl Allison , Bossarte Robert
Published: June 2019

Objective

Intimate partner (IP) problems are risk factors for suicide among men. However, there is little understanding of why some male suicide decedents who had such problems killed their partners before death (i.e., “IP homicide‐suicide”), while most of these decedents did not. To inform prevention efforts, this study identified correlates of IP homicide among male suicide decedents with known IP problems.

Methods

We examined IP homicide correlates among male suicide decedents aged 18+ years who had known IP problems using 2003–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System data. Prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for demographic, incident, and circumstance variables. IP homicide‐suicide narratives were examined to identify additional prevention opportunities.

Results

An estimated 1,504 (5.0%) of 30,259 male suicide decedents who had IP problems killed their partner. IP homicide‐suicide perpetration was positively correlated with suicide by firearm and precipitating civil legal problems but negatively correlated with mental health/substance abuse treatment. An estimated 33.7% of IP homicide‐suicides occurred during a breakup; 21.9% of IP homicide‐suicide perpetrators had domestic violence histories.

Conclusions

Connections between the criminal justice and mental health systems as well as stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting firearm possession among domestic violence offenders may prevent IP homicide‐suicides.
When punishment is emotion‐driven: Children's, adolescents', and adults' costly punishment of unfair allocations
Authors: Gummerum Michaela , López‐Pérez Belén , Van Dijk Eric , Van Dillen Lotte F.
Published: June 2019

When do children, adolescents, and adults decide to punish fairness violations? Two studies with 9‐year‐old children, 13‐year‐old adolescents, and adults investigated whether the link between unfairness and punishment was mediated by negative emotional reactions (measured through galvanic skin responses and emotion ratings). Study 1 (N = 117) examined this question in the context of second‐party punishment, where the punisher is a direct victim of the violation. Study 2 (N = 119) assessed third‐party punishment, where the punisher is an observer, unaffected by the violation. In each study, participants were presented with seven distributions of points, which differed in how fairly the points were allocated between a proposer and receiver, and had to decide whether to punish these distributions. Although the unfairness of the distribution strongly influenced second‐ and third‐party punishment in all age groups, the mediating role of emotional appraisals (i.e., galvanic skin responses vs. emotion ratings) depended on whether or not the punisher was personally affected by the violation and age. Thus, negative emotions primarily motivate costly punishment when the punisher is affected by the violation or when an unaffected third‐party punisher takes the perspective of the victim of a violation, an ability that develops between childhood and adolescence.