bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Law “Is” Possible in Wartime?
Authors: Stovba Oleksiy
Published: December 2024

During the peaceful time law is silence. It is a silent background of the everyday life, where to give money means to receive goods, to buy a ticket – to reach your destination, to go out from home means a safety walk through the streets and parks. In such cases law is hidden behind similar practice. It’s like an air or light, which exist in the space without self-presentation. And similar to the air and light as the part of our world law as the silent background of our everydayness makes the latter possible. Metaphorically say, law lets the whole social world to be – and lets us to be as the part of this world. It is Adalbert Stifter’s “soft law” (“sanfte Gesetz”) which brings us to the truth of our Being and gives possibility for us to be, who we are – purchases and sellers, neighbors, employers, pedestrians and drivers and so many other modes of being-as-someone (das Alssein, in terms of W. Maihofer), which are derived from the horizon of the social world.
In opposite, a war is loud. The sounds of shelling, rocket strikes or air bombardments are deafening the silence of the “soft law,” silence of the mute background which gives the word to the truth of our life with one another. In the similar case silence as the tissue of our common Being, which is woven by the law, is broken apart by the shelling, gun machine’s bursts or sirens of air-raid warnings. If in peaceful times we “inhale” the law or “light up” our lives by the law “in the background regime” then during the war we don’t have “enough air or light.” We try to “inhale breath of law” frantically or – during the discrete “flash of law” – to look, who we are, where we are and is there any world yet – common world of our Being-with-others or the whole horizon of the social possibilities is closed already? In other words, in the war times the silence of law is broken and law exists not as silent continual background, but only as discrete spark in the darkness of war. The world is closed by the war.
Do We Need the Legal Concept of Just War?
Authors: Szymaniec Piotr
Published: December 2024

The article presents the origins and development of the legal concept of just war from Cicero do Emer de Vattel. The question about the significance of this very concept is raised. The author shows that the twiglight of the concept was caused, firstly, by the hypertrophy of the idea of state sovereignty, and secondly, by the predominance of legal positivism. Moreover, it is argued that the concept of a just war can be used effectively and in a way devoid of hypocrisy, as the ideas of Francisco de Vitoria revealed. In the author’s view, there may be room for very narrowly coined concept of just war in the contemporary international law.
“Based on Accuracy.” The Parallels between Law and Poetry in Wartime
Authors: Pichlak Maciej , Suwiński Bartosz
Published: December 2024

This essay aims to discuss some common points between law and poetry in the face of war. Both law and poetry are regarded here as special forms of discourse, with their unique forms of structuring reality and social functions each of them plays. The paper analyses similarities of law and poetry in both these aspects. In fulfilling this task, it builds on selected poems of Serhiy Zhadan, one of the most relevant contemporary Ukrainian writers, and some renowned Polish poets from the post-World War Two generation
The paper goes against a dominant approach in “law and literature” studies that focuses on differences between the two. The above notwithstanding, we demonstrate that law and poetry have much in common. The affinities may be found on formal level (how both forms of discourse approach the text and what methods of interpretation they employ), but also in their ethical commitments.
The paper discusses more in depth three aspects that make law and poetry similar to each other: First, the manner of describing reality, which focuses on individual (or, more precisely, the interplay between individual and universal) and searches for the accuracy of description. Secondly, that both discourses serve as media for memory, both individual and collective. Thirdly, that they can establish links and mutualities between diverging or even opposing elements: viewpoints, perspectives, individuals. In extreme case of war, they can even link enemies – victims and perpetrators – without any false equalising.
By analysing these various aspects of law and poetry, the paper poses also the question about pre-regulatory functions of law. As it demonstrates, even if the law cannot properly serve its regulatory function (e.g., due to the lack of effective power), the most rudimentary function of law still remains. This is the law as a form of discourse that helps to order human experience in a chaotic reality.
On the Moral Wrongness of a Male-only Ban on Leaving One’s Homeland
Authors: Mori Yuichiro
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to examine whether it is morally wrong to ban only male citizens from leaving a country in wartime, and if it is, why it is the case. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelensky declared martial law and ordered general mobilization, at the same time prohibiting male citizens aged 18 to 60 from crossing the border. The justifiability of the ban is in dispute, and opponents have made a case in both legal and moral dimensions. In the moral dimension, there are arguments based on consequentialism, individual freedom, and fairness or non-discrimination. In this paper, I focus on the third argument and argue that the ban unfairly and morally wrongfully discriminates against male Ukraine citizens on the basis of their gender. First, I define discrimination and apply it to our case. Second, moving from the descriptive definition of discrimination to its moral wrongness, I argue that the male-only ban is unfair and morally unjustified. Third, I argue that the ban can also be deemed morally wrong from one of the prominent views in the field of the ethics of discrimination, namely the deliberative freedom view.
Contemporary Limits of Constitutional Patriotism
Authors: Zymovets Roman
Published: December 2024

“Constitutional patriotism” has become one of the common concepts of political philosophy. Emerging in the local context of post-war Germany’s division, it gained particular popularity at the end of the last century in connection with the further globalization and multiculturalization of the world community and the creation of the European Union. Constitutional patriotism is seen, above all, as a more abstract form of social integration, replacing the traditional collective identity of the national community with a liberal-democratic political culture. Thus, it was a response to the criticism of communitarianism towards liberalism regarding the underestimation of the problem of motivating the protection of liberal democratic institutions. The article substantiates the need for a differentiated approach to the analysis of constitutional patriotism. There are two interpretations of constitutional patriotism – cosmopolitarian and particularistic. The paradox of tolerance — the issue of maintaining a tolerant attitude towards groups intolerant of the liberal political culture of society – outlines the existential boundaries of universally interpreted constitutional patriotism. This paradox became relevant as a result of the European migration crisis, as well as hybrid wars, one of the tools of which was the use of democratic institutions to destroy the constitutional order. Modern political incarnations of the paradox of tolerance demonstrate that the autonomy of liberal-democratic political culture always has its limits in preserving the conditions necessary for the existence of political culture itself.
Limitations of Human Rights in the Conditions of War and Peace: The Constitutional Aspect
Authors: Shevchuk Stanislav
Published: December 2024

The article conducts a doctrinal analysis of the constitutional criteria for restrictions on human rights. The author asks whether the content and scope of these restrictions differ during the martial law period and during peacetime. It also questions whether the constitution allows the state to exceed its constitutional limits during an armed response to the aggressor. It is argued that the introduction of more severe limitations on human rights during martial law must be balanced with the constitutional requirement for the state to act in accordance with the constitution. Otherwise, disproportionate restrictions that nullify the core of constitutional rights could lead to state power exceeding the limits established by the constitution. The main criterion, or basis, for the doctrine of limiting state power by the constitution is the fundamental constitutional rights and freedoms. As the jurisprudence of constitutional courts shows, the core of constitutional rights that are not absolute (absolute rights are very few in modern constitutional systems—the right to dignity, the prohibition of torture, and the right to life) cannot be subject to any limitations, similar to absolute rights. A very important criterion, derived from the constitutions and practices of constitutional jurisdiction bodies of modern states, is that the state, when imposing limitations, cannot violate the essence of a constitutional right, i.e., its core, which is not subject to any legislative limitations for the purpose of constitutional protection of individual freedom and autonomy. It is asserted that the narrowing of the content and scope of existing constitutional human rights and freedoms constitutes their limitation, and limitations are permitted by the Constitution. It is concluded that the rights and freedoms listed in part two of Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine, and not subject to limitations, should be limited according to peacetime criteria, meaning they are not subject to extraordinary restrictions during wartime. As for other constitutional rights and freedoms not included in the list in Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine, stricter restrictions may be applied by the state if they pursue a legitimate goal and are justified by the need to achieve victory over the enemy.
The Embodiment of Law and Law of the Body. The Body as Law Phenomenon
Authors: Stovba Oleksiy
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the reasoning of the body as a legal phenomenon. After all, although the body is ontologically the closest thing to us, from the legal point of view it is one of the most mysterious legal phenomena. Thus, traditional jurisprudence usually divides all legal beings into subjects of law (the state, individuals and legal entities, the nation, etc.) and objects of legal relations (estate, material evidence, objects of dispute, etc.). However, the body cannot be identified within these criteria. On the one hand, the body itself is not a subject of law. After all, purely disembodied, abstract entities, such as legal entities or the state, are subjects of law, sometimes without any material “embodiment”. On the other hand, purely corporeal existence does not guarantee legal personality, since, for example, the presence of a dead body in itself indicates its absence. This state of affairs is fully reflected in the national legislation of Ukraine.  Its analysis shows that the human body is not defined as an independent object of legal regulation, and there is no corresponding legal regime. The most symptomatic manifestation of the total disregard for the legal issues of the body is the absence of a corresponding term even in special medical legislation regulating organ transplantation, health care, and medical assistance.
Therefore, the phenomenon of the body currently remains outside the attention of Ukrainian lawyers. This leads to the lack of conceptual reasoning of the body as a legal phenomenon and uncertainty of legal regulation of the human body as such. So, it can be stated that the phenomenon of the body needs to be comprehended from a philosophical and legal point of view. The result of such comprehension is the identification of the following ontological features of the body as a legal phenomenon: syncretism, liminality and intentionality of the body. This, in turn, gives grounds to assert that normativity is immanently present in the body, when the body itself is a hypothesis and disposition for others, and the impossibility of communication with it is a sanction.  As a result, the author concludes that the inviolability of the body should be enshrined in law and the relevant amendments should be made to the Civil and Criminal Codes of Ukraine.
ANALISIS KINERJA BATTERY CHARGING MENGGUNAKAN TENAGA SURYA UNTUK KENDARAAN RODA DUA
Authors: Muslimin Ikhwanul , Farid Muhammad , Mandra Muhammad Ahsan S
Published: December 2024

Penggunaan energi matahari sebagai salah satu sumber energi altematif yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini memiliki banyak keuntungan salah satunya dilihat dari ketersediaan energi matahari yang tidak terbatas dan tidak menimbulkan polusi. Adapun tujuan dari tugas akhir ini untuk mengetahui proses perancangan battery charging menggunakan energi surya untuk kendaraan roda dua dan berapa besar daya dan efisien pembangkit listrik dengan teknologi solar cell pada analisis kinerja battery charging menggunakan tenaga surya untuk kendaran roda dua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen, dimana hasil penelitian diperoleh melelui pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur yang sesuai spefikasi, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai analisis kinerja battery charging menggunakan tenaga surya untuk kendaraan roda dua pada solar cell 50 WP beban statis untuk mengetahui daya input, ouput dan efisiensi pada pukul 07.00-17.00 wita yang dilaksanakan selama 5 hari di laboraturium pendidikan teknik otomotif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan daya input minimun yaitu 336,29 W, maksimum pada yaitu 350,92 W. dengan daya output minimun pada hari ke-5 (26 Desember 2023) yaitu 43,33 W, maksimum pada hari ke-2 (21 Desember 2023) yaitu 50,9 W dan didapat rata-rata daya  yaitu 46,32 W. Dan efisiensi minimun pada hari ke 1 (20 Desember 2023) yaitu 9,2 %, maksimum pada hari ke 2 (21 Desember 2023) yaitu 17,7 %.
PENGEMBANGAN GAMIFIKASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI SISTEM AC
Authors: Khoiruddin Muhammad Alfa , Iskandar Ranu
Published: December 2024

Proses pembelajaran belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan media pembelajaran yang menarik, sehingga mengakibatkan suasana belajar yang monoton. Permasalahan tersebut mengakibatkan menurunnya motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran gamifikasi untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar serta mengetahui respon siswa setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran gamifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE dan desain pre-experimental dengan model One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran gamifikasi sangat layak digunakan berdasarkan penilaian ahli media sebesar 91,51%, ahli materi sebesar 95,60%, dan ahli bahasa sebesar 87,27%. Media pembelajaran gamifikasi dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar kategori sedang dengan nilai gain sebesar 0,558 dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kategori sedang dengan nilai gain sebesar 0,598. Respon siswa sangat baik dengan persentase 89,13%. Kesimpulannya adalah pengembangan media pembelajaran gamifikasi sistem AC sangat layak digunakan, dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar, serta mendapatkan respon positif dari siswa.
MUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA BUKU PRODUKTIF SMK BIDANG OTOMOTIF SESUAI KURIKULUM MERDEKA: SUATU ANALISIS KONTEN
Authors: Tafakur Tafakur , Sudarwanto Sudarwanto , Sriyanto Joko , Sayyidi Sabbihis
Published: December 2024

Buku teks mata pelajaran merupakan sarana utama bagi proses belajar siswa. Buku teks tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan pengetahuan, namun dapat diklaim sebagai sarana penguatan pendidikan karakter siswa. Namun, belum ada kajian yang cukup untuk memastikan muatan karakter dalam buku teks pelajaran produktif di bidang otomotif di SMK. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui muatan pendidikan karakter pada buku teks produktif SMK bidang otomotif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analisis konten dengan obyek buku teks bahan ajar produktif untuk bidang keahlian teknik otomotif sesuai kurikulum merdeka di Indonesia. Prosedur analisis konten ini terdiri dari tahap pengadaan data, reduksi data, tahap inferensi, dan tahap analisis. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui analisis tematik dengan langkah familierisasi data, mengkode data awal, menentukan tema, menelaah tema, mendefinisikan dan memberi nama tema, serta membuat laporan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa muatan karakter pada buku teks mata pelajaran produktif SMK Otomotif adalah Religius yang terdiri dari mencintai lingkungan, percaya diri, cinta damai, dan toleransi; nilai karakter integritas yang terdiri dari aktif terlibat di masyarakat, dapat dipercaya, komitmen, dan tanggung jawab; nilai karakter mandiri yang terdiri dari keberanian, berdaya juang, etos kerja, kreatif, menjadi pembelajaran sepanjang hayat, professional, dan tangguh; nilai karakter nasionalisme yang terdiri dari berprestasi, disiplin, menghormati keragaman, menjaga kekayaan negara, dan menjaga lingkungan; nilai gotong royong yang terdiri dari bekerja sama, kerelaan, komitmen terhadap keputusan bersama dan tolong menolong. Dengan demikian, buku teks pelajaran produktif di SMK Otomotif dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung penguatan pendidikan karakter untuk siswa
Low-Power Retentive True Single Phase Clocked(TSPC) D-Flip-Flop with Redundant Precharge Free Operation
Authors: Prasad S. Bhanu Venkata , Sujatha Dr. G.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In this paper, optimizing power consumption of flip-flops (FFs) can significantly reduce the power of digital systems.
In this article, an energy-efficient retentive true single- phase-clocked (TSPC) FF is proposed. With the employment of inputaware precharge scheme, the proposed TSPC FF precharges only when necessary. In addition, floating node analysis and
transistor level optimization are employed to further ensure the high energy efficiency of the FF without significantly increasing
the area.
As The proposed Low power Retentive TSPC FF consumes less power which can be used in application like PLL (phased Lock
loop) The main objective of a PLL is to generate a signal in which the phase is the same as the phase of a reference signal. The
main Block For this is To design Phase frequency Circuit, Which is designed by using Low power Retentive TSPC FF To Give
the better Results compare to conventional Circuit with a power Supply of 1.2 V by using Tanner EDA Tool
Experimental Investigation into Super Finishing of Nickel Alloy A-286 Hole Surface Using Extrusion Honing Process
Authors: B P Sreenivasa Murthy
Published: December 2024

Extrusion Honing (EH) is also known as Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a fine finishing process mainly applicable
for difficult to reach internal surfaces and components with intricate geometries finished through the action of extrusion, where
abrading action of the polymer media laden with abrasive particles machines the component surface. The EH processes is an
advanced finishing techniques widely used as finishing machining process a solution to produce parts with high surface
properties that mainly used in high-end industries like aerospace, automobile, medical, tool and die, and prosthetic. EH
processes is mainly used for finishing operations namely polishing, de-burring, removal of cast layers, radiusing and finishing of
intricate shapes by flowing abrasive laden viscoelastic media over the surfaces to be finished.
Although EH have a wide range of applications and could be used in every shop floor as a finishing solution, their usage is
limited owing to high initial and running costs associated with them. In this work, the experiment is conducted using a one way
extrusion honing machine and the process is carried out on Nickel Alloy A-286 specimens, a super alloy having high hardness
and high strength properties which is machined to get good surface finishing. In this paper a thorough research is done on how
the EH parameters impacts on surface parameters of Nickel Alloy A-286. The results obtained are measured and extruded
surface is analysed with the help of surface roughness measuring instrument.
Comprehensive Review on the Studies on Castellated Beam
Authors: Uikey Bharat Singh
Published: December 2024

The numerous studies on castellated beams, a kind of steel beam that is frequently employed in structural engineering
due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and aesthetic appeal, are examined in this thorough literature review. Standard Ibeams are split and reassembled to form web apertures in castellated beams, which preserve structural strength while using less
material. Important subjects covered in the paper include the structural performance of castellated beams under bending,
shearing, and axial loads, among other loading situations. Important design considerations are also covered, such as how hole
size, shape, and placement affect beam efficiency. Research on castellated beams' buckling properties, fatigue durability, and
failure modes is reviewed, as are methods for improving their design to strike a compromise between cost and performance.
Furthermore, the paper highlights advancements in computational methods, particularly the use of software for finite element
analysis (FEA), such as Abaqus, which has emerged as a crucial tool for simulating the complex behaviours of castellated
beams. The significance of experimental studies in confirming analytical models and expanding our understanding of
castellated beam behavior in real-world scenarios is also included in the review. In order to keep up with the latest developments
in castellated beam design and technology, engineers and researchers can benefit greatly from consulting this survey of the
literature.
Comparative Study Between Geopolymer and Ordinary Concrete Regarding Compressive and Flexural Strength in RC Beam and their Environmental Sustainability Assessment for Construction
Authors: Kumar Nitin
Published: December 2024

In this study, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and bond behavior of geopolymer and regular Portland
cement (OPC) concrete are compared in reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The principal binder of geopolymer concrete is
industrial by-product such as fly ash, and it provides an ecologically benign and sustainable substitute for regular OPC concrete.
According to the research, geopolymer concrete is a potential material for structural applications because of its better qualities,
which include increased compressive strength, improved durability, and enhanced resistance to sulfate, acid, and high
temperatures. In contrast to OPC concrete, geopolymer concrete has better mechanical qualities, a reduced carbon footprint, and
increased durability when combined with reinforcing steel bars to form strong and long-lasting structural elements in RC beams.
The study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the characteristics and behavior of geopolymer concrete in RC beams in
order to help build ecologically responsible and sustainable infrastructure. This research offers important insights into the
possible applications of geopolymer concrete in the construction industry, which may help lessen the environmental effect of
concrete manufacturing and promote sustainable growth, by comparing the performance of geopolymer concrete with OPC
concrete.
The distribution of the ABO and rhesus blood groups among diabetes mellitus patients in Zintan City, Libya
Authors: Abubakeer Adell , Salem Retaj Ali Salem , Ali Amira Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Amani Altaher Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies have explored the potential connection between ABO blood groups and the risk of developing specific illnesses in the literature. This study aimed to examine the distribution of ABO blood and rhesus (Rh) groups among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Al-Zintan City, Libya. This cross-sectional study took place from October to December 2022, involving 144 blood samples (99 from diabetic patients and 45 from non-diabetic individuals aged 15 to 85 years). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Al-Zintan, where all laboratory work and statistical analysis using SPSS were conducted. Of the diabetic patients, 46% were male and 53% were female. The test results showed no association between ABO and Rh blood groups in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Among diabetics, the O blood group was most prevalent at 49%, followed by A (34%), B (11%), and AB (5%). Rh+ was more common (n=88) than Rh- (n=11), with no significant difference (p=0.733). Gender distribution also showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The O blood group was more common in females (55.10%) than males (44.90%), and the B blood group was found more often in females (72.73%) than in males (27.27%). This research shows no significant relationship between ABO and Rh blood types and diabetes mellitus occurrence among patients at the endocrinology and diabetes center in Al-Zintan City. Blood group variations do not influence diabetes prevalence or characteristics in this population.
Antidiabetic activity test of infusion combination rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume) in male mice (Mus musculus) induced by alloxan
Authors: Chaerul Rasid , Mercya Yovita
Published: December 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism which is characterized by increased blood glucose levels. The existence of DM as a public health problem is increasing globally. This experimental research was carried out to determine the activity of a combination of rosella flower infusion and cinnamon bark on blood glucose levels in male mice that had been induced by alloxan. After ensuring that the blood glucose level of the mice was >175 mg/dl, 4 groups were tested, namely test group 1 was given a single rosella flower infusion, test group 2 was given a single cinnamon bark infusion, test group 3 was given a combination of rosella flower infusion and stem bark cinnamon, and the control group were given aqua destillata. Based on the results of the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test, it shows a value of p = 0.009 (p £ 0,05), which means there is a difference in the reduction in blood glucose levels between the test groups. Then, to determine the greatest decrease in glucose levels, a Post Hoc test was carried out and the highest mean rank value was obtained (13.00) in the infusion group of the combination of rosella flowers and cinnamon bark, followed by the cinnamon bark infusion group (5.80), and the rosella flower infusion group (5.20).
The Process of Dispute Resolution with Mediation in The Land Office of Batu City
Authors: Sherin Adriani  , Salsabila Firdina Nur Alfida Putri , Dwi Ratna Indri Hapsari
Published: December 2024

The National Land Agency oversees government affairs in the land sector also has the authority to take administrative actions for resolving land disputes within its jurisdiction, playing a vital role in addressing land issues in Indonesia. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs also Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020, the BPN Kota Batu operates as a vertical agency under the National Land Agency also is directly accountable to the Minister through the Head of the Regional Office. This office serves as a mediator in local land disputes. The author conducts empirical legal research, including direct interviews with the Head of the Dispute Control also Handling Section at the BPN Kota Batu. Key issues examined involve the mediation process for resolving disputes also challenges encountered during mediation. Findings reveal that 1)the BPN Kota Batu adheres to proper procedures for mediation in line with applicable regulations, also 2)obstacles include 1)cooperation from the involved parties also 2)the mediator's capacity to facilitate dispute resolution effectively.
Abstrak
Badan Pertanahan Nasional mengawasi urusan pemerintahan di sektor pertanahan serta memiliki wewenang guna mengambil tindakan administratif dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tanah di wilayahnya, memainkan peran penting dalam menangani masalah pertanahan di Indonesia. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Agraria serta Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020, Kantor Pertanahan Kota Batu beroperasi sebagai lembaga vertikal di bawah Badan Pertanahan Nasional serta langsung bertanggung jawab kepada Menteri melalui Kepala Kantor Wilayah. Kantor ini berfungsi sebagai mediator dalam sengketa tanah lokal. Penulis melakukan penelitian hukum empiris, termasuk wawancara langsung dengan Kepala Seksi Pengendalian serta Penanganan Sengketa di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Batu. Isu-isu kunci yang diteliti melibatkan proses mediasi guna menyelesaikan sengketa serta tantangan yang dihadapi selama mediasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 1)Kantor Pertanahan Kota Batu mematuhi prosedur yang tepat guna mediasi sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, serta 2)kendala yang dihadapi meliputi 1)kerja sama dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat serta 2)kapasitas mediator guna memfasilitasi penyelesaian sengketa secara efektif.
Kesenjangan Sosial Ekonomi di Indonesia: Penyebab, Dampak, dan Solusi Kebijakan
Authors: Ningsih Uci , Alpendi Alpendi , Dewi Ambar Sari
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze socio-economic inequality in Indonesia using a meta-analysis approach. Socio-economic inequality encompasses various dimensions, such as disparities in access to education, healthcare services, economic opportunities, and digital technology. Contributing factors include uneven development policies, the effects of globalization, geographical conditions, and gender inequality. This study integrates findings from various relevant studies meeting inclusion criteria, including articles published between 2018 and 2023. Meta-analysis facilitates the identification of patterns in causes, impacts, and effective solutions for reducing socio-economic inequality. The findings indicate that the impacts of socio-economic inequality are not only economic, such as reduced purchasing power, but also social, such as increased stratification and limited social mobility. Proposed solutions include wealth redistribution through progressive tax policies, increased investment in education and digital infrastructure, and community-based empowerment in underdeveloped regions. This study concludes that reducing socio-economic inequality in Indonesia requires more inclusive policy approaches, consistent implementation, sustainable evaluation, and cross-sectoral coordination.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kesenjangan sosial ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan meta-analisis. Kesenjangan sosial ekonomi mencakup berbagai dimensi, seperti ketimpangan akses pendidikan, layanan kesehatan, peluang ekonomi, dan teknologi digital. Faktor-faktor penyebabnya meliputi kebijakan pembangunan yang tidak merata, pengaruh globalisasi, kondisi geografis, dan ketidaksetaraan gender. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan temuan dari berbagai studi yang relevan dengan kriteria inklusi, termasuk artikel yang diterbitkan pada periode 2018–2023. Meta-analisis memungkinkan identifikasi pola penyebab, dampak, dan solusi yang efektif dalam mengurangi kesenjangan sosial ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak kesenjangan ini tidak hanya bersifat ekonomi, seperti rendahnya daya beli, tetapi juga sosial, seperti meningkatnya stratifikasi dan terbatasnya mobilitas sosial. Solusi yang dapat diterapkan meliputi redistribusi kekayaan melalui kebijakan pajak progresif, peningkatan investasi di sektor pendidikan dan teknologi digital, serta pemberdayaan berbasis komunitas di daerah tertinggal. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengurangan kesenjangan sosial ekonomi di Indonesia memerlukan pendekatan kebijakan yang lebih inklusif, dengan implementasi yang konsisten, evaluasi berkelanjutan, dan koordinasi lintas sektor.
Developing the textbook "Arabic Language Lessons in the Modern Way" In The Illustrated Dictionary To Upgrade Students' Reading Skills (Research Development At The Insan Qurani Institute Aceh Besar)
Authors: Syahda Zakkia , Badruzzaman Badruzzaman
Published: December 2024

In this research, the researcher developed the textbook “Durus Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah ‘Ala Ath-Thariqah Al-Haditsah” With The Picture Dictionary To Improve Students’ Ability In Reading Skills (Research And Development At Insan Qur’ani’s Islamic Boarding School, Aceh Besar). The researcher conducted the observation in the 7th grade at Insan Qur’ani’s Islamic Boarding School, Aceh Besar. The problem that students face when learning the Arabic language is their weak understanding of the studied material due to their lack of control over new Arabic vocabulary and words. The objectives of this research are: 1) To know the procedure for developing the textbook “Durus Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah ‘Ala Ath-Thariqah Al-Haditsah” with the picture dictionary in improving students’ ability in reading skills. 2) To determine the validity of the picture dictionary in improving students’ ability in reading skills. 3) To know the effectiveness of the picture dictionary in improving students’ ability in reading skills. The research method used is Research & Development. The picture dictionary development process uses the ADDIE development model, with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the research are: 1) The process of developing the picture dictionary is used to teach reading skills using the ADDIE development model with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. 2) Based on the Picture Dictionary's eligibility guidelines, the Picture Dictionary's criteria is "Excellent", with details of the design expert's validation results, and the criteria received a "Very Good" score of 80%. The content expert's validation results receive an "excellent" criteria of 85%. The results of the picture dictionary answer questionnaire from students obtained criteria of “excellent” with a value of 91.14%. 3) The effectiveness of using the picture dictionary was proven by increasing the average score of the students’ learning outcomes test. It is known that the average score of the pre-test for the experimental class was 64.05 and the average score of the post-test was 87.14. While in the control group, the average score of the pre-test was 52.62 and the average score of the post-test was 74.29. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning results using the picture dictionary in teaching reading skills in the 7th grade at the Insan Qur’ani’s Islamic Boarding School, Aceh Besar.
PROSECUTOR’S WARNING AS A FORM OF PROSECUTORIAL RESPONSE
Authors:   Saratov State Academy of Law, Gracheva O.A.
Published: December 2024

The current legislation regulating the activities of the prosecutor to prevent extremist activity is analyzed. A number of conflicting norms of the current Law on Prosecutor’s Office and the Law on Countering Extremist Activity are identified. On the basis of comparative analysis of statistical data and law enforcement practice in this area, the author identifies the distinctive features of the prosecutor’s warning as a measure of prosecutorial response.
OFFICIAL CRYPTOCURRENCY CRIME: A NEW CHALLENGE TO THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ignatenko M.S.
Published: December 2024

It is noted that cybercrime using cryptocurrencies is becoming a new trend of official crime in Russia and the world. It is proved that this type of threats is a new challenge to the system of public administration, as the existing legal framework and generally accepted methods of operational and investigative activities do not allow to effectively prevent corrupt transactions with the use of cryptocurrencies.
TOPICAL ASPECTS OF THE SOCIAL POLICY SUBJECT ORGANIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Leonova O.V.
Published: December 2024

Problems and prospects of the modern social policy subject organization in the Russian Federation are investigated. The ideological and conceptual foundations of the socio-economic relations management subjects functioning are considered. The necessity of restructuring the institutional organization of social policy in modern Russia on the basis of adjusting government strategies is summarized.
Chinese-Russian Cooperation in the Arctic at the Present Stage
Authors: Pogodin S. N. , Long Cui
Published: December 2024

The study is aimed at studying the works of Chinese authors on the issues of Russian-Chinese cooperation.

Aim. To analyze the main areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic as interpreted by Chinese authors.

Tasks. To identify the current state and forecasts of Chinese-Russian Arctic cooperation, considered in the works of Chinese scientists, and compare them with the national interests of Russia.

Methods. To determine the specifics of the Chinese understanding of cooperation in the Arctic, historiographic and geopolitical approaches were used, focused on the adoption and implementation of political and managerial decisions, achieving specific managerial results. Using the historiographic approach, the transformation of Chinese-Russian relations, the dynamics and problems in the interaction of the two countries are analyzed.

Results. A comprehensive study reflects the specifics and shows the prospects for strategic cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation. An analysis is given on current issues of Chinese-Russian cooperation in the Arctic region based on a study of the works of Chinese scientists. The existing problems in Chinese-Russian relations are identified and analyzed, and proposals for their resolution are defined. A prospective analysis of the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the Arctic is made based on the works of Chinese researchers.

Conclusions. The People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation are important partners in the development of the Arctic. This partnership is built on the basis of comprehensive strategic interaction between the countries. The two countries need to further deepen their Arctic cooperation. It is necessary to overcome the difficulties for the stable and sustainable development of the Arctic. Cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic will continue to develop on the basis of a strategic partnership between the countries. At the same time, Russia considers the Northern Sea Route as a competitive national transport artery with the possibility of its international use for transportation between Europe and Asia. To this end, the Russian Federation gives priority attention, in particular, to the issues of neutralizing the course of unfriendly states to militarize the region and limit Russia’s ability to exercise its sovereign rights in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to establishing mutually beneficial cooperation with non-Arctic states that pursue a constructive policy towards Russia and are interested in implementing international activities in the Arctic, including the infrastructural development of the Northern Sea Route.
Promising Areas of Energy Cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Seregina A. A. , Galitskaya E. A.
Published: December 2024

The promising areas of energy cooperation outlined in this article are most fully capable of ensuring mutual consideration of the energy interests of Russia and Saudi Arabia in the context of achieving national technological sovereignty and achieving the production of common goods for the purposes of energy development of the two countries.

Aim. To identify promising areas of energy cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia, taking int o account the priorities of ‘green’ energy development in KSA.

Tasks. To analyse the current state and priorities of ‘green’ energy development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within the framework of the ‘Vision 2030’ programme; to analyse the existing legal framework and institutional mechanisms of energy cooperation between Russia and KSA; to identify key areas of technological cooperation between Russia and KSA in the field of nuclear energy; to assess the potential of cooperation between Russia and KSA in the field of hydrogen energy development; to develop practical recommendations for the development of Russian and Saudi energy co operation in the field of hydrogen energy.

Methods. To solve the problems posed in the study, the author uses such methods as statistical analysis, system and compar ative analysis, scientific generalization, expert assessments.

Results. Support and assistance to the governments of the Russian Federation and Saudi Arabia in the area of fuel and energy complex is an important tool for achieving the strategic objectives of the two countries in the field of energy, science and technology. The energy dialogue between Russia and Saudi Arabia has considerable potential fo r further deepening and expansion, particularly in such areas as nuclear and hydrogen power.

Conclusions. Intensified efforts to create favorable conditions for bilateral energy cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia are today aimed at: the possibility of diversifying the fuel and energy complex and maintaining its sustainability in the changing global energy landscape; creating advanced technologies that can increase the competitiveness of the two countries on the world stage, as well as achieve the goal of the energy transition to reduce the carbon footprint; creating new highly skilled jobs in research, engineering, production and services.
CIS Countries Foreign Economic Activity — from Challenges to New Opportunities
Authors: Goncharov M. S.
Published: December 2024

Aim and tasks. To identify current trends and issues in foreign trade, the international financial system, and the investment activity of CIS member states, and to provide recommendations that contribute to sustainable economic development and strengthened mutual cooperation.

Methods. Utilized statistics from the external sectors of CIS economies from 2019 to 2023. Methods of aggregation, comparison, retrospective, and indicative analysis were applied to the data. Graphical representation of indicators allowed for visualization of key trends in the studied metrics, calculated from data provided by the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the World Bank, UNCTAD, and the Brookings Institution.

Results. In recent years, the CIS has faced several global shocks that have affected the international economic relations of its members with each other and with third countries. Despite external destabilizing influences and geopolitical turbulence, CIS member states maintain resilience and a positive development trajectory, largely due to mutually beneficial cooperation with Russia — an essential economic partner. Russia holds a leading position in mutual trade with CIS countries, and the reorientation of Russian exports to “friendly” countries has stimulated regional trade turnover. The burden of external debt for CIS national economies is decreasing, and their debt stability and solvency are normalizing. Less positive situation is in direct investment flows, which remain unstable and unevenly distributed among countries.

Conclusions. In the context of individual national economies, it is fair to note that the complex geopolitical environment and unprecedented external economic pressures narrow opportunities for economic growth and sustainable development. However, this statement is not always true for interstate associations, and CIS member states are a prime example of this. Currently, during a challenging period that requires solidarity and mutual support from participants, the potential of this union can be fully realized. A thorough study of the issue can reveal numerous promising areas for mutually beneficial cooperation in trade, credit, and investment relations. It is necessary to eliminate integration barriers to transform the CIS into a powerful and influential international organization.
Regional Subjects of Eurasian Integration
Authors: Glazyev S. Yu.
Published: December 2024

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The Concept of Equal and Indivisible Security in Eurasia: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Gaidaev O. S. , Kovalenko V. D. , Lisenkova A. D.
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the practical feasibility of building an architecture of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia and identifies the main factors obstructing the realisation of this goal. The analysis is based on the results of the All-Russian Winter Online School “International Conflicts and Global Security”, which was held from 4 to 6 February 2024 at the North-West Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

Aim. To identify and summarise the empirical and theoretical limitations of the concept of indivisible security in the context of building an inclusive and sustainable security architecture in Eurasia.

Methods. The methods of scientific discussion followed by theoretical analysis of the materials of the All-Russian Winter Online School “International Conflicts and Global Security” were applied.

Results. In the course of the study it became possible to identify several promising directions of Russian scientific discussion on equal and indivisible security in Eurasia. First, the study of global factors, such as the dynamics and characteristics of contemporary international conflicts, as well as the role and impact of new technologies on society and interstate relations. Second, discussing the possibilities and prospects for Russia’s co-operation with the states of Eurasia and other continents within the framework of a more inclusive Greater Eurasian Partnership.

Conclusions. The study shows that the formation of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia is hampered by a number of empirical and theoretical limitations. Empirical difficulties include the continuing growth of conflicts in the world, dynamic events, the absence of a world order, the prevalence of competing interests and fundamental differences between the approaches of European and Eurasian powers to building a new world order. A kind of “black swan” is digital technologies, which can both increase the efficiency of public administration and generate more rigid forms of social control and reproduce insecurity. The theoretical limitations include the contradiction between the universalist nature of the concept of indivisible security and the idea of its local application, i.e. in the Eurasian space. The state-centrism of the concept, as well as the difficulty of implementing indivisible security in the absence of “indivisible justice” in the relations of sovereign states are also significant difficulties. The authors of the article conclude that despite these shortcomings, this concept has practical potential and is one of the promising projects for building a new world order.