bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A digital health peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion (SurgeryPalTM): study protocol for a multisite randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rabbitts Jennifer A. , Zhou Chuan , de la Vega Rocio , Aalfs Homer , Murray Caitlin B. , Palermo Tonya M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Spinal fusion surgery is associated with severe acute postsurgical pain and high rates of chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents. Psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and low pain self-efficacy predict higher acute pain and likelihood of developing chronic postsurgical pain. Interventions targeting baseline psychosocial risk factors have potential to interrupt a negative trajectory of continued pain and poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) over time but have not yet been developed and evaluated. This randomized controlled trial will test effectiveness of a digital peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention (SurgeryPalTM) vs. education-control delivered to adolescents and their parents to improve acute and chronic pain and health outcomes in adolescents undergoing spine surgery.

Methods

Adolescents 12–18 years of age undergoing spinal fusion for idiopathic conditions, and their parent, will be recruited from pediatric centers across the USA, for a target complete sample of 400 dyads. Adolescents will be randomized into 4 study arms using a factorial design to SurgeryPalTM or education control during 2 phases of treatment: (1) pre-operative phase (one-month before surgery) and (2) post-operative phase (1 month after surgery). Acute pain severity and interference (primary acute outcomes) and opioid use will be assessed daily for 14 days following hospital discharge. Chronic pain severity and interference (primary acute outcomes), as well as HRQL, parent and adolescent distress, sleep quality, and opioid use/misuse (secondary outcomes), will be assessed at 3 months and 6 months post-surgery.

Discussion

Demonstration of effectiveness and understanding optimal timing of perioperative intervention will enable implementation of this scalable psychosocial intervention into perioperative care. Ultimately, the goal is to improve pain outcomes and reduce reliance on opioids in adolescents after spine surgery.

Trial registration

NCT04637802 ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on November 20, 2020
Bioengineering of LAB vector expressing Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp): a strategic approach to control gut colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in a murine model
Authors: Gorain Chandan , Khan Afruja , Singh Ankita , Mondal Samiran , Mallick Amirul Islam
Published: July 2021

Background

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is accountable for more than 400 million cases of gastroenteritis each year and is listed as a high-priority gut pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the acute infection of C. jejuni (campylobacteriosis) is commonly treated with macrolides and fluoroquinolones, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among C. jejuni warrants the need for an alternative approach to control campylobacteriosis in humans. To this end, vaccines remain a safe, effective, and widely accepted strategy for controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In search of a suitable vaccine against campylobacteriosis, recently, we demonstrated the potential of recombinant Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) of C. jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in imparting significant immune-protection against cecal colonization of C. jejuni; however, in the avian model. Since clinical features of human campylobacteriosis are more complicated than the avians, we explored the potential of Hcp as a T6SS targeted vaccine in a murine model as a more reliable and reproducible experimental host to study vaccine-induced immune-protection against C. jejuni. Because C. jejuni primarily utilizes the mucosal route for host pathogenesis, we analyzed the immunogenicity of a mucosally deliverable bioengineered Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), expressing Hcp. Considering the role of Hcp in both structural (membrane-bound) and functional (effector protein) exhibition of C. jejuni T6SS, a head-to-head comparison of two different forms of recombinant LAB vectors (cell wall anchored and secreted form of Hcp) were tested and assessed for the immune phenotypes of each modality in BALB/c mice.

Results

We show that regardless of the Hcp protein localization, mucosal delivery of bioengineered LAB vector expressing Hcp induced high-level production of antigen-specific neutralizing antibody (sIgA) in the gut with the potential to reduce the cecal load of C. jejuni in mice.

Conclusion

Together with the non-commensal nature of L. lactis, short gut transit time in humans, and the ability to express the heterologous protein in the gut, the present study highlights the benefits of bioengineered LAB vectors based mucosal vaccine modality against C. jejuni without the risk of immunotolerance.
Retroperitoneal pneumatosis and subcutaneous emphysema after oblique lateral interbody fusion surgery: a case report
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhang Yu , Ge Xin , Xiao Liang , Xu Hongguang
Published: July 2021

Background

The oblique lateral interbody fusion technique has received increasing attention for the treatment of degenerative disc disease in recent years. A series of complications have been reported, such as vascular injury, sympathetic chain injury, and transient psoas weakness, although it is regarded as a relatively safe technique.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old male patient of Han nationality was diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis and underwent standalone oblique lateral interbody fusion surgery under general anethesia. Three days after the operation, subcutaneous gas accumulation appeared in the left lower abdomen of the patient with no inflammatory reaction of the wound. He was treated with conservative management, and the retroperitoneal pneumatosis and subcutaneous emphysema had disappeared completely 1 month later.

Conclusions

To date, this is the first reported case of retroperitoneal pneumatosis and subcutaneous emphysema related to oblique lateral interbody fusion surgery, which broadens the scope of the complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion surgery.
High performance decoupled active and reactive power control for three-phase grid-tied inverters using model predictive control
Authors: Azab Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is employed in this paper to control the operation of a three-phase grid-connected string inverter based on a direct PQ control scheme. The main objective is to achieve high-performance decoupled control of the active and reactive powers injected to the grid from distributed energy resources (DER).

The FCS-MPC scheme instantaneously searches for and applies the optimum inverter switching state that can achieve certain goals, such as minimum deviation between reference and actual power; so that both power components (P and Q) are well controlled to their reference values.

In addition, an effective method to attenuate undesired cross coupling between the P and Q control loops, which occurs only during transient operation, is investigated. The proposed method is based on the variation of the weight factors of the terms of the FCS-MPC cost function, so a higher weight factor is assigned to the cost function term that is exposed to greater disturbance. Empirical formulae of optimum weight factors as functions of the reference active and reactive power signals are proposed and mathematically derived. The investigated FCS-MPC control scheme is incorporated with the LVRT function to support the grid voltage in fulfilling and accomplishing the up-to-date grid codes. The LVRT algorithm is based on a modification of the references of active and reactive powers as functions of the instantaneous grid voltage such that suitable values of P and Q are injected to the grid during voltage sag.

The performance of the elaborated FCS-MPC PQ scheme is studied under various operating scenarios, including steady-state and transient conditions. Results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme with regard to the achievement of high-performance operation and quick response of grid-tied inverters during normal and fault modes.
Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients referred for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Ahmed Nancy Abdel Fattah , Amer Hebat-Allah Moheb , Ibrahim Dina Abdallah , El-Zayyadi Islam Abd El-Hamid
Published: July 2021

Background

Several conditions are associated with esophageal eosinophilia such as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms referred for diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. This study included 86 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy and biopsies.

Results

Esophageal eosinophilia EE was found in 26 patients (30.2%): 3 patients (3.5%) had EoE and 23 patients (26.7%) had low-grade esophageal eosinophilia. The most common presenting symptoms were heart burn in 84 patients (97.7%) and upper abdominal pain in 78 patients (90.7%). Reflux esophagitis (ERD) was observed in 18.6% of patients. In histopathological examination, EoE was found in 3.5%, mild reflux esophagitis in 37.2%, and severe reflux esophagitis in 16.3%. There is statistically significant correlation between EE and male sex, hypertension, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, incompetent cardia, and fixed rings. Age, incompetent cardia, and dysphagia were statistically significant independent predictors of low-grade EE.

Conclusion

Esophageal eosinophilia EE was found in 30.2% of patients: 3.5% had eosinophilic esophagitis EoE and 26.7% had low-grade esophageal eosinophilia.
Televised Tears
Authors: Moll Yasmin
Published: July 2021

The practice of feigning weeping in devotional contexts, including in hortatory preaching, is closely associated in Egypt with Islamic Revivalism. It is an expression of pious humility through which worshippers pretend to cry in order to (ideally) develop the embodied capacity to shed tears in the future. Secular Egyptians tend to dismiss such weeping as insincere, but so, too, do many participants in the piety movement in a specific context: on-camera weeping. Drawing on fieldwork with Islamic television preachers and their followers in Cairo, this article explores how the mass-mediated artifice of preacherly weeping provokes expressions of religious ambivalence about an otherwise authoritative ritual practice. While televised tears facilitate the sense of intimacy that many viewers identify as key to their religious adherence, the preacher's lachrymose passion as dramaturgical enskillment coexists uneasily with the pious discipline of sincere self-cultivation. Understanding why this is so illuminates the changing criteria for ritual aptness in a mass media age.
“I Do Not Forgive!”
Authors: Miller Alyssa
Published: July 2021

Reconciliation is a central goal of transitional justice. Yet, its importance for democratization can give reconciliation a coercive edge, pressuring victims to abandon legitimate grievances for the good of the nation to come. This article considers struggles over popular sovereignty in Tunisia's democratic transition, by examining the anticorruption campaign Manish Msamah (“I do not forgive”). Manish Msamah was formed in 2015 to defeat the Project Law on Economic and Financial Reconciliation, legislation that proposed amnesty for crony capitalists who profited from the Ben Ali dictatorship. Drawing on participant observation, media analysis, and activist interviews, the author shows how Manish Msamah debunks the ruse of consent at the heart of reconciliation, and in doing so maintains fidelity to the ideals of the 2011 Revolution. The campaign is revealed as an early participant in the “second wave” of the Arab Spring, which has refused the lure of procedural democracy in favor of deeper structural change.
The History of Afghanistan as Global History
Authors: Bose Neilesh
Published: July 2021

Faiz Ahmed's Afghanistan Rising enters several historical subfields through a textured study of Afghanistan's modern history. This introduction to the kitabkhana offers a snapshot of these contributions—and their limits—through the lens of recent developments in imperial history, legal history, and global history.
Juridical Pan-Islam at the Height of Empire
Authors: Yahaya Nurfadzilah
Published: July 2021

Located at the intersection of four regions, the Middle East, East Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, Afghanistan is a country whose legal history is sure to be diverse and exciting at the confluence of multiple legal currents. In the book Afghanistan Rising: Islamic Law and Statecraft between the Ottoman and British Empires, Faiz Ahmed shows how Afghanistan could be regarded as a pivot for Islamic intellectual currents from the late nineteenth century onward, especially between the Ottoman Empire and South Asia. Afghanistan Rising makes us aware of our own assumptions of the study of Islamic law that has been artificially carved out during the rise of area studies, including Islamic studies. Ahmed provides a good paradigm for a legal history of a country that was attentive to foreign influences without being overwhelmed by them. While pan-Islamism is often portrayed as a defensive ideology that developed in the closing decades of the nineteenth century in reaction to high colonialism, the plotting of Afghanistan's juridical Pan-Islam in Ahmed's book is a robust and powerful maneuver out of this well-trodden path, as the country escaped being “landlocked” mainly by cultivating regional connections in law.
Islamic Modernism, the HanafiMazhab, and Codification in Aman Allah's Afghanistan
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael
Published: July 2021

Few works in recent years have enriched the study of Islamic law quite like Faiz Ahmed's Afghanistan Rising: Islamic Law and Statecraft between the Ottoman and British Empires. The book presents an opportunity to interrogate prevailing historiographical debates about the “codification” of Islamic law (as opposed to its “compilation”), and to account for processes of divergence in Islamic legal culture across Eurasia. This response explores some of the prevailing tensions among Ottoman, Afghan, and Indian experts in early twentieth-century Afghanistan. These stemmed from the dissimilar legal training acquired by the actors and the varying character of Islamic modernism in each geographical context. A focus on diverse intellectual trajectories and competing visions of Islamic law furnishes a useful means for accounting for the aporia endemic to Aman Allah's modernizing project.
From whole organism to ultrastructure: progress in axonal imaging for decoding circuit development
Authors: Weaver Cory J. , Poulain Fabienne E.
Published: July 2021

Since the pioneering work of Ramón y Cajal, scientists have sought to unravel the complexities of axon development underlying neural circuit formation. Micrometer-scale axonal growth cones navigate to targets that are often centimeters away. To reach their targets, growth cones react to dynamic environmental cues that change in the order of seconds to days. Proper axon growth and guidance are essential to circuit formation, and progress in imaging has been integral to studying these processes. In particular, advances in high- and super-resolution microscopy provide the spatial and temporal resolution required for studying developing axons. In this Review, we describe how improved microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of axonal development. We discuss how novel technologies, specifically light-sheet and super-resolution microscopy, led to new discoveries at the cellular scale by imaging axon outgrowth and circuit wiring with extreme precision. We next examine how advanced microscopy broadened our understanding of the subcellular dynamics driving axon growth and guidance. We finally assess the current challenges that the field of axonal biology still faces for imaging axons, and examine how future technology could meet these needs.
Duplicated antagonistic EPF peptides optimize grass stomatal initiation
Authors: Jangra Raman , Brunetti Sabrina C. , Wang Xutong , Kaushik Pooja , Gulick Patrick J. , Foroud Nora A. , Wang Shucai , Lee Jin Suk
Published: July 2021

Peptide signaling has emerged as a key component of plant growth and development, including stomatal patterning, which is crucial for plant productivity and survival. Although exciting progress has been made in understanding EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) signaling in Arabidopsis, the mechanisms by which EPF peptides control different stomatal patterns and morphologies in grasses are poorly understood. Here, by examining expression patterns, overexpression transgenics and cross-species complementation, the antagonistic stomatal ligands orthologous to Arabidopsis AtEPF2 and AtSTOMAGEN/AtEPFL9 peptides were identified in Triticum aestivum (wheat) and the grass model organism Brachypodium distachyon. Application of bioactive BdEPF2 peptides inhibited stomatal initiation, but not the progression or differentiation of stomatal precursors in Brachypodium. Additionally, the inhibitory roles of these EPF peptides during grass stomatal development were suppressed by the contrasting positive action of the BdSTOMAGEN peptide in a dose-dependent manner. These results not only demonstrate how conserved EPF peptides that control different stomatal patterns exist in nature, but also suggest new strategies to improve crop yield through the use of plant-derived antagonistic peptides that optimize stomatal density on the plant epidermis.
The role of Aspergillus nidulans polo-like kinase PlkA in microtubule-organizing center control
Authors: Gao Xiaolei , Herrero Saturnino , Wernet Valentin , Erhardt Sylvia , Valerius Oliver , Braus Gerhard H. , Fischer Reinhard
Published: July 2021

Centrosomes are important microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC) in animal cells. In addition, non-centrosomal MTOCs (ncMTOCs) have been described in many cell types. The functional analogs of centrosomes in fungi are the spindle pole bodies (SPBs). In Aspergillus nidulans, additional MTOCs have been discovered at septa (sMTOC). Although the core components are conserved in both MTOCs, their composition and organization are different and dynamic. Here, we show that the polo-like kinase PlkA binds the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) receptor protein ApsB and contributes to targeting ApsB to both MTOCs. PlkA coordinates the activities of the SPB outer plaque and the sMTOC. PlkA kinase activity was required for astral MT formation involving ApsB recruitment. PlkA also interacted with the γ-TuRC inner plaque receptor protein PcpA. Mitosis was delayed without PlkA, and the PlkA protein was required for proper mitotic spindle morphology, although this function was independent of its catalytic activity. Our results suggest that the polo-like kinase is a regulator of MTOC activities and acts as a scaffolding unit through interaction with γ-TuRC receptors.
Distinct temporal expression of the GW182 paralog TNRC6A in neurons regulates dendritic arborization
Authors: Nawalpuri Bharti , Sharma Arpita , Chattarji Sumantra , Muddashetty Ravi S.
Published: July 2021

Precise development of the dendritic architecture is a critical determinant of mature neuronal circuitry. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of protein synthesis plays a crucial role in dendritic morphogenesis, but the role of miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) protein components in this process is less studied. Here, we show an important role of a key miRISC protein, the GW182 paralog TNRC6A, in the regulation of dendritic growth. We identified a distinct brain region-specific spatiotemporal expression pattern of GW182 during rat postnatal development. We found that the window of peak GW182 expression coincides with the period of extensive dendritic growth, both in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Perturbation of GW182 function during a specific temporal window resulted in reduced dendritic growth of cultured hippocampal neurons. Mechanistically, we show that GW182 modulates dendritic growth by regulating global somatodendritic translation and actin cytoskeletal dynamics of developing neurons. Furthermore, we found that GW182 affects dendritic architecture by regulating the expression of actin modulator LIMK1. Taken together, our data reveal a previously undescribed neurodevelopmental expression pattern of GW182 and its role in dendritic morphogenesis, which involves both translational control and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Bringing Pyongyang Back: the Prospects for Establishing Multilateral Cooperation Mechanism in East Asia
Authors: Batko Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

In this interconnected world, the multilateral mechanisms become more and more present and relevant. However, East Asia is a notable exception with no such institutionalised tool. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) remains the most troubling state and the main reason why collaboration has not resulted in strengthening the stability in East Asia. Although a formal dialogue called the Six Party Talks exists, it currently remains in deadlock after two nuclear tests conducted by Pyongyang in 2009. The actions that took place throughout last year have once again drawn greater attention to the Korean Peninsula, raising the possibility of resuming the negotiations. Nevertheless, the question about what this new agenda should include remain relevant. The purpose of this paper is to outline international relations in Northeast Asia from both theoretical and practical perspective and provide ideas on what can be done to facilitate the cooperation between the states.
Running as a Woman (or Man): A Review of Research on Political Communicators and Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Winfrey Kelly L. , Schnoebelen James M.
Published: July 2021

Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections and it was the so-called “Year of the Woman” in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 119 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books. Gender stereotypes in political communication have also been studied using a variety of methodologies, and to reflect that the research reviewed in this essay include both quantitative and qualitative methods. This summary of existing research includes a discussion of the gender stereotypes faced by candidates and how candidates present themselves to the public in light of these stereotypes.
Communication in health-related online social support groups/communities: A review of research on predictors of participation, applications of social support theory, and health outcomes
Authors: Wright Kevin
Published: July 2021

This article reviews literature on online support groups/communities for individuals facing health concerns. Specifically, the article focuses on predictors of online support group/community participation, major theoretical frameworks that have been applied to the study of online support groups/communities, and coping strategies and health outcomes for individuals facing health concerns. Finally, the article discusses the strengths and limitations of existing empirical studies in this area; presents a critique of the relative merits and limitations of a number of theoretical frameworks that have been applied to the study of online support groups/communities for people facing health concerns; and it provides an agenda for future communication research on health-related online support groups/communities.
Characteristics of narrative interventions and health effects: A review of the content, form, and context of narratives in health-related narrative persuasion research
Authors: de Graaf Anneke , Sanders José , Hoeken Hans
Published: July 2021

In recent years, many studies have been conducted on persuasive effects of narratives in a health context. A striking feature of this research area is the diversity of the narratives that are used in the various studies. Narratives that convey a health message differ widely on a large number of dimensions related to the content, form and context. We expect that these characteristics are potential explanatory factors in the effectiveness of the narratives. To provide an overview of the different characteristics of narratives in health effects research and of the persuasive effects that were found, we review 153 experimental studies on health-related narrative persuasion with a focus on the narrative stimuli. The results show that: a) with regard to the content, showing the healthy behavior in a narrative (as opposed to the unhealthy behavior with negative consequences) may be associated with effects on intention. Narratives that contain high emotional content are more often shown to have effects. b) With regard to the form, for print narratives, a first-person perspective is a promising characteristic in light of effectiveness. c) With regard to the context, an overtly persuasive presentation format does not seem to inhibit narrative persuasion. And d) other characteristics, like character similarity or the presentation medium of the narrative, do not seem to be promising characteristics for producing health effects. In addition, fruitful areas for further research can be found in the familiarity of the setting and the way a health message is embedded in the narrative. Because of the diversity of narrative characteristics and effects that were found, continued research effort is warranted on which characteristics lead to effects. The present review provides an overview of the evidence for persuasive narrative characteristics so far.
Avatars and computer-mediated communication: A review of the definitions, uses, and effects of digital representations on communication
Authors:   University of Connecticut, Nowak Kristine L. , Fox  Jesse ,   The Ohio State University
Published: July 2021

Avatars are growing in popularity and present in many interfaces used for computer-mediated communication including social media, ecommerce, and educational applications. Communication researchers have been investigating avatars for over twenty years, and an examination of this literature reveals similarities but also notable discrepancies in conceptual definitions. The goal of this chapter is to provide a general overview of current debates, methodological approaches, and trends in findings. Our review synthesizes previous research in four areas. First, we examine how scholars have conceptualized the term “avatar,” identify similarities and differences across these definitions, and recommend that scholars use the term consistently. Next, we review theoretical perspectives relevant to avatar perception (e.g., the computers as social actors framework). Then, we examine avatar characteristics that communicators use to discern the humanity and social potential of an avatar (anthropomorphism, form realism, behavioral realism, and perceived agency) and discuss implications for attributions and communication outcomes. We also review findings on the social categorization of avatars, such as when people apply categories like sex, gender, race, and ethnicity to their evaluations of digital representations. Finally, we examine research on avatar selection and design relevant to communication outcomes. Here, we review both motivations in CMC contexts (such as self-presentation and identity expression) and potential effects (e.g., persuasion). We conclude with a discussion of future directions for avatar research and propose that communication researchers consider avatars not just as a topic of study, but also as a tool for testing theories and understanding critical elements of human communication. Avatar-mediated environments provide researchers with a number of advantageous technological affordances that can enable manipulations that may be difficult or inadvisable to execute in natural environments. We conclude by discussing the use of avatar research to extend communication theory and our understanding of communication processes.
The path to cooperative action during group social dilemmas: A literature review, set of propositions, and model describing how the opportunity to communicate encourages cooperation
Authors:   University of Delaware, Pavitt Charles
Published: July 2021

A social dilemma is a circumstance in which each of an aggregate of people must make an individual decision whether to acquire a short-term benefit for themselves or to forego some of that benefit for the long-term benefit of the aggregate. The intent of this essay is to describe how communication, in terms of both the opportunity to talk and the content of what is said, interacts with other “cooperative mechanisms” – group identity, reciprocity and equity norms, and trust and trustworthiness – to largely determine individual cooperation versus defection. Two variables with relatively complex impacts on the cooperative mechanisms – social value orientation and group size – are also discussed. A model and set of propositions relating these variables are also included, and areas for further are explored.
Association between Prenatal Care and Gestational Weight Gain: Cross-Sectional Study in a Low-Income Area of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gigante Débora Souza , Adegboye Amanda Rodrigues Amorim , Lacerda Elisa Maria De Aquino , Saunders Cláudia , Padilha Patrícia Carvalho , Castro Maria Beatriz Trindade de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a adequação da assistência pré-natal e o ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) em puérperas brasileiras de baixa renda. Métodos: Estudo transversal no município de Mesquita-RJ, incluindo 281 mulheres no pós-parto imediato. O GPG foi classificado como adequado, insuficiente e excessivo de acordo com as recomendações do Institute of Medicine (IOM). O número de consultas do pré-natal foi categorizado (1: nenhuma consulta; 2: 1-3 consultas; 3: 4-6 consultas; 4: 7 ou mais consultas) e o início do pré-natal, segundo as semanas gestacionais (SG), foi utilizado como variável contínua. A assistência pré-natal (AP) avaliou as duas dimensões agrupadas do Índice de Kotelchuck: adequado (adequado + mais adequado) ou inadequado (intermediário e inadequado). Modelos de regressão logística multinomial foram utilizados para estimar as associações entre assistência pré-natal inadequada e GPG. Resultados: AP foi iniciada em média com 12,6 (± 6,9) SG; 8,2% das mulheres (n = 23) fizeram ≤ 4 consultas de pré-natal e 38,4% (n = 108) foram classificadas com AP inadequada. Em média, o GPG foi de 12,9 kg (± 6,2) e 36,5%, 31,0% e 32,5% das mulheres apresentaram GPG adequado, insuficiente e excessivo, respectivamente. Após o ajuste, a inadequação da AP (OR = 2,01; IC 95% = 1,03-3,90) foi associada a uma maior probabilidade de GPG abaixo das recomendações do IOM. Conclusão: Observou-se uma associação significativa entre a inadequação da assistência pré-natal e o GPG insuficiente, o que reforça a relevância da adequada AP para monitorar o adequado GPG e intervir precocemente na gestação.
REFLEXÕES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UM OLHAR SOBRE O TURISMO NO AMAZONAS
Authors: Menezes Thais Zucheto de , Simonetti Susy Rodrigues , Nascimento de Lima Arístocles Rannyeri , Cabral Nogueira Deborah Rayanne
Published: July 2021

Este artigo busca caracterizar os impactos da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) no setor do turismo em doze municípios no estado do Amazonas. Para isto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com levantamento de dados públicos como finanças públicas, número de empresas e empregos do setor e informações sobre voos, relativos aos primeiros semestres de 2019 e 2020, comparativamente. A seleção dos municípios de interesse utilizou, a priori, o Mapa do Turismo Brasileiro (2019-2021) elaborado pelo Ministério do Turismo (MTur). Os principais resultados indicam que houve um aumento na receita pública do setor de turismo entre 2019 e 2020, ainda que nem todos os municípios tenham disponibilizado seus dados. Além disso, houve um esvaziamento nos aeroportos e diminuição de voos, queda no número de empregos, mesmo diante do aumento no número de empresas no setor. O setor do turismo foi extremamente afetado pela pandemia, sendo que sua reativação será complexa, dada a precariedade e insuficiência dos municípios estudados com relação a suas estruturas sanitárias e ao oferecimento de formas seguras e rápidas no controle e tratamento da pandemia.
TURISMO NO PANTANAL/MS: ENTRE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 E AS QUEIMADAS
Authors: Ribeiro Mara Aline , Gonçalves Karoline Batista , Oliveira Joyce Avila de
Published: July 2021

Em março de 2020 a Organização Mundial da Saúde – OMS reconheceu a situação de pandemia da Covid-19, em função das altas taxas de disseminação, provocando a paralização de setores econômicos, sociais e culturais, representativos. O processo de readequação à realidade posta instigou um grupo de pesquisadoras do turismo a compreender os mecanismos advindos desse período histórico e social. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um diagnóstico dos impactos da pandemia pela Covid-19 no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, a partir da análise comparativa dos dados referentes ao ano de 2019 e 2020. Em associação à atividade turística nas cidades de Aquidauana, Corumbá e Miranda - delimitação espacial da investigação e às intensas queimadas que assolaram o Pantanal em 2020. A metodologia envolveu análise comparativa de dados da cadeira produtiva do turismo, além do levantamento bibliográfico, documental e entrevistas com agentes públicos e privados do turismo. Tanto a pandemia quanto as queimadas contribuíram para a diminuição do turismo no Pantanal, o qual, após a adoção de medidas de biossegurança definidas pela OMS, apresenta uma movimentação lenta e gradual a partir de pequenos deslocamentos, ou seja, um crescimento do turismo local, considerando que os/as empresários/as e trabalhadores/as do turismo estão se organizando para a retomada da atividade, com a recuperação do ambiente e ao mesmo tempo se adequando as medidas de biossegurança.
METROPOLIZAÇÃO E MOBILIDADES TURÍSTICAS EM/ENTRE SÃO PAULO E BAIXADA SANTISTA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Allis Thiago , Cruz Rita de Cássia Ariza da , Barreti Daniel , Beil Isabella Maria
Published: July 2021

Este artigo é assentado no reconhecimento de que há uma imbricada relação entre urbanização, metropolização e turismo o que, por conseguinte, orienta a análise acerca dos desdobramentos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre o turismo de São Paulo e da Baixada Santista. Mais que simplesmente refletir sobre os quantitativos envolvidos, busca-se qualificar o debate para além de uma suposta relação de causa e efeito, considerando a complexidade subjacente ao tema e aos estudos de caso. Assumindo que a realidade urbana entre São Paulo e Baixada Santista tem muitos paralelos no Brasil e no mundo, este estudo contribui para a interpretação do fenômeno do turismo em dinâmicas metropolitanas complexas. O desenvolvimento de certas práticas sob a égide de um “turismo de pandemia” indica uma acomodação na narrativa e nas dinâmicas do turismo atualmente, a despeito da gravidade e das incertezas sobre os desdobramentos da pandemia.
Investigation and management of pulmonary embolism 1: a probability-based approach
Authors: Stolberg Stephanie , Mudawi Dalia , Dean Katrina , Cheng Andrew , Barraclough Richard
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary embolism remains a common and potentially deadly disease, despite advances in diagnostic imaging, treatment and prevention. Managing pulmonary embolism requires a multifactorial approach involving risk stratification, determining appropriate diagnostics and selecting individualised therapy. This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management and early outpatient management of pulmonary embolism. The second part summarises pulmonary embolism in the setting of pregnancy, COVID-19, recurrent disease and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Investigation and management of pulmonary embolism 2: specific clinical conditions
Authors: Stolberg Stephanie , Mudawi Dalia , Dean Katrina , Cheng Andrew , Barraclough Richard
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary embolism remains a common and potentially deadly disease, despite advances in diagnostic imaging, treatment and prevention. Managing pulmonary embolism requires a multifactorial approach involving risk stratification, determining appropriate diagnostics and selecting individualised therapy. The first part of this article reviewed the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management and early outpatient management of pulmonary embolism. This second part summarises pulmonary embolism in the setting of pregnancy, COVID-19, recurrent disease and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Las tribulaciones de un emprendedor en España y en el Río de la Plata. Emilio Reus Bahamonde (1858-1891)
Authors: Moreno Lázaro Javier
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo relato la trayectoria empresarial de un emprendedor español en Sudamé­rica durante toda la década de 1880. Los proyectos de Emilio Reus desvelan la presencia de inversores españoles en América Latina durante la primera globalización, la importancia del capital social en el triunfo en los negocios de los españoles en ese continente y el enorme cos­te, en términos de pérdida de emprendedores, que supuso el exilio republicano español a Amé­rica en el siglo xix. Esas son las tesis que sostengo. Adicionalmente, en el texto se detallan in­versiones financieras y en capital fijo social en Argentina, Uruguay y Bolivia que ilustran su esplendor económico antes del crash de 1890.
Comentario: Los espacios extremos como categoria analítica
Authors: Tapada-Berteli Teresa
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este número especial ha sido analizar el funcionamiento y la problemática de los espacios en el margen y al margen en relación dinámica con las áreas urbanas centrales, entendidas no en su sentido estrictamente geográfico, sino como lugares de acumulación de capital. Para ello, además de la propuesta conceptual se han descrito casos de espacios vulnerables o desfavorecidos de diferentes ciudades españolas (Barcelona, Madrid, Lleida, Sevilla, Gran Canaria y Valencia), en el marco de procesos urbanos propios de su región.La noción de “espacios extremos” propuesta en este monográfico se presenta como una invitación al análisis crítico de las problemáticas que afectan a estos espacios en los márgenes, tanto como a revisar las estrategias de intervención de regeneración urbana a escala local o area-based initiatives, que constituye el enfoque dominante actualmente.
La Mujer Construye. ‘Arquitectura Na Periferia’
Authors: Álvarez Domínguez Mónica Enriqueta , Trachana Angelique
Published: July 2021

La participación para la intervención y transformación del entorno, en el estudio del caso‘Arquitectura Na Periferia’, se presenta como una vía emancipatoria de las mujeres y paramitigar conflictos de diferente índole en asentamientos marginados.En este artículo se estudian las consecuencias más amplias de la participación y lacolaboración ciudadana en prácticas que rompen los esquemas operativos habituales de ladisciplina arquitectónica y urbanística.De este modo, se pretende hacer, al mismo tiempo, una evaluación de algunas prácticasprofesionales renovadas revisando las actitudes y los procedimientos de actuacióny demostrando la eficiencia de los procesos en que las personas y las comunidadesinvolucradas crecen y se transforman.
Method for evaluating spectral resolution based on a single-lens spectrometer
Authors: He Peidong , Yuan Yan , Lv Qunbo , Xiangli Bin
Published: July 2021

Spectral resolution is a key parameter of a spectrometer. Typically, the Rayleigh
criterion is used to evaluate spectral resolution; however, it is not
applicable to a single-lens-based spectrometer, as its principle is
different from that using a prism or grating. Therefore, this work
proposes that a method resolution is a key parameter to evaluate
spectral resolution by exploiting the concept of focus depth.
Accordingly, the spectral resolution is determined using three
factors, namely, aperture factor

F

of the lens, pixel size

p

of the charge-coupled device, and the
derivative of the rate of change of focal length with respect to
wavelength

f
′

(
λ
)

. The proposed method is verified by
simulations with the following lens parameters: a diameter of 50.8 mm,
focal length of 200 mm at 587.6 nm, and

F

=

3.94

. The calculated and simulated
spectral resolution values are, respectively, 1.7 nm and 1.2 nm at
480 nm. Based on an analysis of the influences of

F

,

p

, and

f
′

(
λ
)

on the spectral resolution,
increasing

f
′

(
λ
)

or decreasing both

F

and

p

might improve the spectral
resolution. Finally, the proposed method is validated via experiments
for lenses with different

F

values as well as materials, and we
determine their spectral resolutions; these results are observed to be
similar to the calculated values.
Influence of high numerical aperture on depth-of-field enhancing phase mask optimization in localization microscopy
Authors: Lévêque Olivier , Duverger Romain , Sauer Hervé , Kulcsár Caroline , Goudail François
Published: July 2021

The depth-of-field (DoF) of localization microscopes can be extended by placing a phase mask in the aperture stop of the objective. To optimize these masks and characterize their performance, defocus is in general modeled by a simple quadratic pupil phase term. However, this model does not take into account two essential characteristics of localization microscopy setups: an extremely high numerical aperture (NA) and a mismatch between the refractive indices of the immersion liquid and sample. Using the more realistic high NA image formation model of Gibson & Lanni (GL), we show that the DoF extension is simply reduced by a NA-dependent scaling factor. We also show that, provided this scaled DoF extension factor is taken into account, masks optimized with the approximate quadratic model are still nearly optimal in the framework of the GL model. This result is important since it establishes that generic optimized masks can be used in setups with different NA and immersion indices.
800  nm femtosecond pulses for direct inscription of FBGs in CYTOP polymer optical fiber
Authors: Chah Karima , Chapalo Ivan , Nan Ying-Gang , Kinet Damien , Mégret Patrice , Caucheteur Christophe
Published: July 2021

We report the inscription of highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings in perfluorinated polymer (CYTOP) optical fibers using 800 nm femtosecond pulses and a line-by-line inscription method. We demonstrate that the energy for grating inscription without damage is below 27 nJ. After the writing process, we show that the grating reflectivity continues to rise for several hours. The obtained gratings show reflectivity degradation with temperature increase, while the Bragg wavelength undergoes a linear temperature dependence of 37.7 pm/°C when the humidity is controlled and the heating/cooling rate is relatively low (

≤

0.14

∘

C

/

m
i
n

). The humidity sensitivity at a fixed temperature (25°C) is 22.3 pm/%RH. Finally, the axial strain sensitivity is determined to be 1.35 pm/µɛ.
Physical study concerning the characteristics of single and double photon emission from bilayer graphene
Authors: Suntijitrungruang Ongart , Summueang C. , Boonchui S.
Published: July 2021

This research is a study of the photon radiation from the bilayer graphene perturbed by the electromagnetic field. Theoretically, our simulation shows vividly the asymmetry property of such bilayer graphene resulting in the outstanding attribute of the photon emission profiles. The methods employed in our work are a tight-binding model in the many-body system and Fermi’s golden rule. In this work, we show the emission profiles in various kinds such as the single-photon emission (both in linear polarization and circular polarization) and the double photon emission. Additionally, in the case of double photon emission, we illustrate the degree of entanglement between photon pairs by analyzing the certain coincident rate involved indirectly in the emission profiles. The results demonstrate that the degree of entanglement is maximum when the photon pair’s direction is perpendicular to each other (especially, in the case that one of the photons emits in the direction being perpendicular to the bilayer graphene plane). We also discover that the direction of the maximum entangled photons depends on the polarization between the photon’s pairs.
Theta-gamma coupling emerges from spatially heterogeneous cholinergic neuromodulation
Authors: Yang Yihao , Gritton Howard , Sarter Martin , Aton Sara J. , Booth Victoria , Zochowski Michal
Published: July 2021

Theta and gamma rhythms and their cross-frequency coupling play critical roles in perception, attention, learning, and memory. Available data suggest that forebrain acetylcholine (ACh) signaling promotes theta-gamma coupling, although the mechanism has not been identified. Recent evidence suggests that cholinergic signaling is both temporally and spatially constrained, in contrast to the traditional notion of slow, spatially homogeneous, and diffuse neuromodulation. Here, we find that spatially constrained cholinergic stimulation can generate theta-modulated gamma rhythms. Using biophysically-based excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) neural network models, we simulate the effects of ACh on neural excitability by varying the conductance of a muscarinic receptor-regulated K+ current. In E-I networks with local excitatory connectivity and global inhibitory connectivity, we demonstrate that theta-gamma-coupled firing patterns emerge in ACh modulated network regions. Stable gamma-modulated firing arises within regions with high ACh signaling, while theta or mixed theta-gamma activity occurs at the peripheries of these regions. High gamma activity also alternates between different high-ACh regions, at theta frequency. Our results are the first to indicate a causal role for spatially heterogenous ACh signaling in the emergence of localized theta-gamma rhythmicity. Our findings also provide novel insights into mechanisms by which ACh signaling supports the brain region-specific attentional processing of sensory information.