bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: França Madeira Humberto Maciel
Published: August 2013

A busca da internacionalização da ciência nacional intensificou-se sobremaneira nos últimos anos, notadamentepela implantação do Programa Ciências Sem Fronteiras pela Presidência da República, programaeste gerenciado pelas agências Capes e CNPq. A despeito de dificuldades que o programa tem enfrentado,sobretudo pela falta de estudantes com domínio suficiente de língua estrangeira, resultando na distorçãono que tange às instituições de destino dos candidatos, pontos positivos podem ser destacados. O despertarpara a importância da intensificação do processo de cooperação científica internacional e a ampliação daformação de pesquisadores brasileiros no exterior, sobretudo em áreas de fronteira da ciência contemporâneae em áreas estratégicas, merecem especial menção. Esforços estão sendo feitos pela Capes no sentido deque os alunos se dirijam para instituições localizadas em países com grande tradição em pesquisa científica.Na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), a busca intensa pela internacionalização tem trazidofrutos. A instituição recebeu recentemente o Prêmio Santander Universidade, como Destaque do Anodo Guia do Estudante 2012, na categoria Internacionalização. Uma das ações implantadas na PUCPR é o estímuloà licença sabática para a realização de estágio pós-doutoral pelos docentes vinculados aos programasde pós-graduação stricto sensu. Por meio dessa iniciativa, todos os professores dos programas devemrealizar seu pós-doutorado num intervalo de sete anos, o que representará a realização de um estágio pós--doutoral, por docente, por ano.O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da PUCPR, que, desde o primeiro número do presentevolume da Revista Acadêmica assumiu a responsabilidade editorial da revista, contou no biênio 2011-2012com a participação de um terço do seu corpo docente permanente em estágio pós-doutoral em instituiçõesde renome da Espanha, México e Estados Unidos. Como consequência, atingiu-se a consolidação de parceriasde pesquisa e abertura de novas oportunidades, refletidas na vinda de professores daquelas instituiçõese nas publicações internacionais.O presente número da Revista Acadêmica reflete seu grau de nacionalização atingido, contendo artigosrepresentando todas as regiões geográficas do país. De um rol contendo sete estados da federação, incluindoCeará, Tocantins, Mato Grosso e Rio Grande do Sul, pesquisas envolvendo problemáticas de saúde e produçãoanimal são publicadas, dando ênfase a situações regionais. O próximo passo na evolução da revista, ode internacionalização, está sendo buscado mediante a divulgação da revista nas instituições de destino dospesquisadores e alunos, convite à participação de pesquisadores estrangeiros no corpo editorial e inclusãogradual de artigos em língua inglesa.
ÍNDICES DE TOLERÂNCIA AO CALOR DE VACAS LEITEIRAS NO PERÍODO CHUVOSO E SECO NO CEARÁ
Authors: Ramos da Rocha David , Flores Salles Maria Gorete , Araripe Noronha Moura Arlindo De Alencar , Alencar de Araújo Airton
Published: August 2013

O estudo avaliou a tolerância ao calor de um rebanho de fêmeas leiteiras mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) criadas em região litorânea do estado do Ceará. Foram avaliados os parâmetros ambientais para o cálculo do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) e a temperatura retal (TR) para o cálculo do índice de tolerância ao calor (ITC) durante o período chuvoso e seco do ano. Observou-se que os valores da TR encontravam-se dentro da normalidade quando se avaliou os dados médios em ambos os períodos. Os valores médios de temperatura ambiente (TA) estavam superiores à zona de conforto térmico para animais taurinos, com resultados bem próximos do limite máximo para mestiços e zebuínos quando se analisou os dados de máxima no turno da tarde do período seco. Os valores de umidade relativa do ar (UR) mostraram um comportamento inverso à temperatura ambiente, observando-se sempre os maiores valores no período chuvoso, bem como no turno da manhã quando comparado com o turno da tarde, em ambos os períodos. Os valores encontrados para o ITU mostraram condições de ambiente que passaram de críticos para emergenciais quando não se avaliaram somente os dados médios. Ambos os índices de tolerância ao calor mostraram uma menor tolerância ao calor dos animais no período seco do ano. Conclui-se que os animais sofrem com o calor em ambos os períodos, sendo o período seco menos favorável, em que foram verificados valores mais elevados de TR, TA, ITU e menores de ITC.
RENDIMENTO FORRAGEIRO DO CAPIM MARANDU SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES FONTES DE FÓSFORO
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Daniel , Viana Porto Edson Marcos , Alves Dorismar David , Dos Santos Neto José Augusto , Mesquita Gomes Virgílio , Ferreira da Silva Marcos , Almeida dos Santos Samara , Alves Macedo Carvalho Mateus
Published: August 2013

Determinou-se o rendimento forrageiro no estabelecimento do capim marandu submetido a diferentes fontes de fósforo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Janaúba (MG). O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e sete blocos, totalizando 28 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos avaliados no cultivo da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu foram: ausência de adubação fosfatada (testemunha); aplicação do fosfato natural reativo Argélia (FN); aplicação da mistura de 50% de fosfato natural reativo Argélia e 50% de superfosfato simples (SS); e aplicação do superfostato simples. Em todos os tratamentos foram aplicadas doses equivalentes a 70 kg ha-1 de P2O5. A adubação com fósforo utilizando fosfato natural reativo Argélia, superfosfato simples ou a associação de ambos, incrementa de maneira similar a produção de matéria seca de raízes e a altura do capim marandu em relação ao tratamento em que não se fez adubação com fósforo. A adubação com fósforo incrementa a produção de matéria seca do pseudocolmo, sem, contudo, influenciar o número e peso de perfilhos, bem como a produção de matéria seca total da parte aérea.
APLICAÇÃO DAS TÉCNICAS DE BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL NO MANEJO DE RECEPTORAS DE EMBRIÕES
Authors: Sanches Aguiar Thiago , Vieira de Araújo Claúdio , C. A. Berber Rodolfo
Published: August 2013

A fim de comparar os métodos de manejo tradicional e racional sobre a taxa de prenhez de receptoras de embriões, foram usadas 98 receptoras, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G1 – controle, animais submetidos ao manejo tradicional (funcionários usam choque elétrico e outras ferramentas para estimular os animais a se deslocarem do curral para o tronco de contenção e execução de procedimentos de transferência de embriões, uso de gritos) e G2 – animais submetidos ao manejo racional, adotando o seguinte protocolo: apartação e condução dos animais ao tronco com calma, sem correria e gritos, contenção no tronco somente após o posicionamento espontâneo e correto da cabeça com a guilhotina entreaberta. As transferências dos embriões foram realizadas pelo mesmo técnico. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado 30 dias após a transferência mediante ultrassonografia. Observou-se que o percentual de concepção positiva foi proporcional entre os grupos, não havendo diferença entre eles (p > 0,05). Concluiu-se que não houve aumento na taxa de concepção quando do uso do manejo racional em relação ao tradicional.
DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO DO JUNDIÁ RHAMDIA VOULEZI
Authors: Pimenta Sividanes Vinicius , Decarli Junior Antonio , Feiden Aldi , Boscolo Wilson Rogério , Signor Altevir , Signor Arcângelo Augusto , Diemer Odair
Published: August 2013

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento embrionário de jundiás oriundos de reprodutores mantidos em tanques-rede. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Difusão e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Rio Iguaçu, localizado no município de Boa Vista da Aparecida (PR) em fevereiro de 2012. Os reprodutores aptos à reprodução foram retirados dos tanques-rede e transportados para o laboratório de reprodução, pesados (fêmeas 255 ± 42,43 g e machos 287,50 ± 24,75 g) e induzidos ao protocolo de reprodução com extrato de hipófise de carpa na dosagem de 5,5 mg/kg nas fêmeas e de 2,5 mg/kg nos machos. Posteriormente, foram coletados cinco ovos com o auxílio de um tubo plástico e colocados em uma placa de Petri visando à realização das análises do desenvolvimento embrionário em diferentes intervalos de tempo. Após 61 minutos da fertilização, registrou-se à formação da mórula, antecedidas pela primeira clivagem aos 25 minutos e com a formação e divisão de quatro a oito blastômeros após 45 minutos. O fechamento do blastóporo ocorreu depois de 410 minutos e a eclosão após 1095 minutos pós-fertilização. A eclosão das larvas oriundas de reprodutores de Rhamdia voulezi mantidos em tanques-rede ocorre após 492,75 oC unidades de temperatura acumulada.
Water and sediment supply affect basin‐filling sedimentation patterns
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: August 2013

The spatial and temporal variability of sedimentation can affect models that scientists use to interpret the stratigraphic record. To better understand the influence of sedimentation variability, Straub and Wang quantify basin‐filling trends in three experiments with fluvial deltaic systems experiencing subsidence. They note that sediment fills some basins randomly, while in other basins sediment fills in an even, structured way.
Double Exposure: The Effects of Repeated Identification Lineups on Eyewitness Accuracy
Authors: Steblay Nancy K. , Tix Robert W. , Benson Samantha L.
Published: August 2013

Eyewitnesses may be asked to identify the same suspect from a lineup on successive occasions. This study explored the effects on eyewitness decisions of repeated same‐suspect lineups, within a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed‐model factorial design. Witnesses to a video crime attempted to identify the culprit from two same‐format lineups (simultaneous or sequential) separated by a 2‐week retention interval (Lineup1, Lineup2) in which a suspect (guilty or innocent) was common to the lineups. We predicted two components of a posited repeated lineup effect: that positive identification errors made at the first lineup would be carried forward rather than corrected at the second lineup and that the number of false identifications of the innocent suspect would rise from first to second lineup. Predictions were supported, with a stronger negative impact of repeated lineups for simultaneous than sequential lineups. Additionally, witnesses who made selections of the guilty suspect and of the innocent suspect at Lineup2 were equally confident and were significantly more confident than witnesses who declined to pick. The results underscore concerns about possible negative outcomes from repeated lineups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for precision measurements in nuclear decay in the LHC era
Authors: Naviliat‐Cuncic Oscar , González‐Alonso Martín
Published: August 2013

Precision measurements in nuclear β decay offer a sensitive window to search for new physics beyond the standard electroweak model. Searches for new physics are also a strong motivation for experiments carried out at the high energy frontier. It is instructive to confront results from the low energy and the high energy frontiers in order to look for possible complementarities. This paper reviews the constraints on new physics obtained from nuclear and neutron decays and compares them to those from other semi‐leptonic processes and from the LHC. The sensitivity requirements of new precision experiments in β decay, to impact the search for new physics at the light of current and projected LHC results, are updated. Experimental developments in nuclear and neutron β decay are discussed with emphasis on their projected goals to improve the limits on exotic weak couplings.
Design and Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl‐2‐amino(acetamino)‐6‐aryl‐1,3‐thiazine Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Wan , Xia Lin , Hu Aixi , Liu Ailin , Peng Junmei , Tan Weiqing
Published: August 2013

With a convenient and economical method, two series of 1,3‐thiazine derivatives 1 and 2 were synthesized, and their neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activities were evaluated. The pharmacological results showed that most of the compounds have potent NA inhibitory activity. Especially, 1g exhibited the best activity against influenza virus A (H1N1) NA (IC50 = 29.06 µg/mL), and its crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary biological assay indicated that 1,3‐thiazine could be used as a core structure to design novel influenza NA inhibitors.
Aggregation of the web performance of internal university units as a method of quantitative analysis of a university system: The case of Spain
Authors: Orduña‐Malea Enrique
Published: August 2013

The aggregation of web performance data (page count and visibility) of internal university units could constitute a more precise indicator than the overall web performance of the universities and, therefore, be of use in the design of university web rankings. In order to test this hypothesis, a longitudinal analysis of the internal units of the Spanish university system was conducted over the course of 2010. For the 13,800 URLs identified, page count and visibility were calculated using the Yahoo! API. The internal values obtained were aggregated by university and compared with the values obtained from the analysis of the universities' general URLs. The results indicate that, although the correlations between general and internal values are high, internal performance is low in comparison to general performance, and that they give rise to different performance rankings. The conclusion is that the aggregation of unit performance is of limited use due to the low levels of internal development of the websites, and so its use is not recommended for the design of rankings. Despite this, the internal analysis enabled the detection of, among other things, a low correlation between page count and visibility due to the widespread use of subdirectories and problems accessing certain content.
Active, soluble recombinant melittin purified by extracting insoluble lysate of Escherichia coli without denaturation
Authors: Buhrman Jason S. , Rayahin Jamie E. , Cook Laura C. , Federle Michael J. , Gemeinhart Richard A.
Published: August 2013

Cell lytic peptides are a class of drugs that can be used to selectively kill invading organisms or diseased cells. Several of these peptides have been identified as potential therapeutics. Herein, we report a novel process for purifying recombinant melittin, a cell lytic peptide that inserts into the membranes of cells causing cell lysis, from Escherichia coli. The process involves surfactant and low pH to solubilize melittin fusion proteins from the insoluble fraction of bacterial lysates. We are able to significantly improve purity of the final product and confirm the activity of the peptide. The process yields recombinant melittin that is effective when used to treat U‐87 MG glioma cells and inhibits growth of the gram‐positive pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. We demonstrate a method of repeated extraction of the insoluble protein fraction with mild detergent at a low pH that is able to generate a yield of pure, soluble melittin of ∼0.5–1 mg/L of E. coli culture. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1150–1157, 2013
Construction of unnatural heterodimeric receptors based on IL‐2 and IL‐6 receptor subunits
Authors: Ogawa Kenichiro , Kawahara Masahiro , Nagamune Teruyuki
Published: August 2013

Cells have various receptors on their surface for responding to extracellular signals that involve intercellular communication. Although the mechanism of signal transduction by such wild‐type receptors has been studied intensively, there has been minimal effort in investigating whether such receptors could signal when unnaturally coupled. In this study, we investigated whether unnatural receptor pairs comprising interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) receptor subunits could transduce a signal through forced dimerization. We replaced the extracellular domain of IL‐2R and IL‐6R signaling subunits (IL‐2Rβ, IL‐2Rγ, and gp130) with the FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) or the FKBP12‐rapamycin binding (FRB) domain, the protein pair known to be heterodimerized by rapamycin. When expressed in a hematopoietic cell line, unnatural heterodimers (IL‐2Rβ‐gp130 and IL‐2Rγ‐gp130 pairs) successfully transduced a signal. While the IL‐2Rγ‐gp130 pair maximally mimicked gp130 signaling, the IL‐2Rβ‐gp130 pair gave weaker gp130 signaling and no significant induction of IL‐2Rβ signaling, indicating a high potential of the IL‐2Rγ chain in terms of activating the coupled partners. This is the first report demonstrating that heterodimeric combinations of IL‐2R and IL‐6R subunits are functional for signaling. Further extension of this approach may attain a creative design of artificial receptor pairs that have distinct signaling properties when compared with natural receptors. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1512–1518, 2013
Development of surface‐engineered yeast cells displaying phytochelatin synthase and their application to cadmium biosensors by the combined use of pyrene‐excimer fluorescence
Authors: Matsuura Hideyuki , Yamamoto Yosuke , Muraoka Misa , Akaishi Kenji , Hori Yasuhisa , Uemura Kanoko , Tsuji Naoki , Harada Kazuo , Hirata Kazumasa , Bamba Takeshi , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Kuroda Kouichi , Ueda Mitsuyoshi
Published: August 2013

The development of simple, portable, inexpensive, and rapid analytical methods for detecting and monitoring toxic heavy metals are important for the safety and security of humans and their environment. Herein, we describe the application of phytochelatin (PC) synthase, which plays a critical role in heavy metal responses in higher plants and green algae, in a novel fluorescent sensing platform for cadmium (Cd). We first created surface‐engineered yeast cells on which the PC synthase from Arabidopsis (AtPCS1) was displayed with retention of enzymatic activity. The general concept for the sensor is based on the Cd level‐dependent synthesis of PC2 from glutathiones by AtPCS1‐displaying yeast cells, followed by simple discriminative detection of PC2 via sensing of excimer fluorescence of thiol‐labeling pyrene probes. The intensity of excimer fluorescence increased in the presence of Cd up to 1.0 μM in an approximately dose‐dependent manner. This novel biosensor achieved a detection limit of as low as 0.2 μM (22.5 μg/L) for Cd. Although its use may be limited by the fact that Cu and Pb can induce cross‐reaction, the proposed simple biosensor holds promise as a method useful for cost‐effective screening of Cd contamination in environmental and food samples. The AtPCS1‐displaying yeast cells also might be attractive tools for dissection of the catalytic mechanisms of PCS. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1197–1202, 2013
Mycelium growth stimulation of the desert truffleTerfezia claveryichatin by β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: López‐Nicolás José Manuel , Pérez‐Gilabert Manuela , García‐Carmona Francisco , Lozano‐Carrillo María Cecilia , Morte Asunción
Published: August 2013

The commercial value ofTerfezia claveryi, an edible desert truffle with important gastronomic, nutritional, and antioxidant properties, has led to growing interest in its cultivation. The erratic and slow growth ofT. claveryimycelium in vitro represents an impairment to obtain mycorrhizal plants, and it makes necessary to find a new culture medium able to overcome these drawbacks. In this work, we analyze the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on the growth ofT. claveryimycelium. Different parameters, including colony diameter, growth rate, and colony fresh weight, were evaluated, both in the presence and absence of these encapsulant agents. The results obtained confirm the ability of CDs to stimulate the growth ofT. claveryimycelium when present in the culture medium. A similar effect was observed when CDs were added to the culture medium ofTuber melanosporum. Three natural (α‐, β‐, and γ) and two modified (hydroxypropil‐β and methyl‐β) CDs were assayed. The best results were obtained with β‐cyclodextrin, but no improvement was observed with its chemically modified derivatives. CDs complex the different compounds present in the culture medium which impair mycelial growth. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical EngineersBiotechnol. Prog., 29:1558–1564, 2013
Transient stress‐based and strain‐based hemolysis estimation in a simplified blood pump
Authors: Pauli Lutz , Nam Jaewook , Pasquali Matteo , Behr Marek
Published: August 2013

We compare two approaches to numerical estimation of mechanical hemolysis in a simplified blood pump model. The stress‐based model relies on the instantaneous shear stress in the blood flow, whereas the strain‐based model uses an additional tensor equation to relate distortion of red blood cells to a shear stress measure. We use the newly proposed least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM) to prevent negative concentration fields and show a stable and volume preserving LSFEM for the tensor equation. Application of both models to a simplified centrifugal blood pump at three different operating conditions shows that the stress‐based model overestimates the rate of hemolysis. The strain‐based model is found to deliver lower hemolysis rates because it incorporates a more detailed description of biophysical phenomena into the simulation process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly parallelized inference of large genome‐based phylogenies
Authors: Meier‐Kolthoff Jan P. , Auch Alexander F. , Klenk Hans‐Peter , Göker Markus
Published: August 2013

Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) infers distances and phylogenetic relationships between organisms from completely or partially sequenced genomes. It is well suited for parallelization as pairwise distances are calculated independently. As exemplar data for a high‐performance cluster implementation that executes many pairwise genome comparisons in parallel, we here used sequences from the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. Phylogenies were inferred from genome‐scale nucleotide and amino acid data with all variants of GBDP, including novel adaptations to amino acid sequences and approaches yielding trees with branch support. The dependency of phylogenetic accuracy, average branch support as well as performance indicators such as running time and disk space consumption on details of genome comparison, distance calculation, and phylogenetic inference was examined in detail. If combined with conservative measures for branch support, GBDP appears to infer reasonable phylogenetic relationships of microorganisms with a comparatively low computational cost. Due to the linear speed‐up of the cluster, benchmarks reveal an overall computation time of less than 24 h required for the 7750 pairwise genome/proteome comparisons of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea data set that is opposed to an estimated running time of about 30 days for the non‐parallelized version. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous mixed crystals: a peculiar case of adsorption/absorption
Authors: Aquilano Dino , Pastero Linda
Published: August 2013

The paper deals with the peculiar case of adsorption/absorption in which the impurity is adsorbed and, successively, incorporated in a growing crystal, giving rise to a bi‐phased system: the host dominant crystal and the guest impurity crystallized as thin lamellae in selected growth sectors. The historical path is revisited, since the pioneering papers by Johnsen, Gaubert, Neuhaus and Seifert, through the works of Kern's and Hartman's Schools who verified the theoretical hypotheses on the growth mechanisms, initially put forward by Bunn, Royer and Kleber. An important attention is paid to the interesting case study represented by the system NaCl/CdCl2, both for the pure adsorption of CdCl2 on the NaCl crystal faces and for the formation of a three dimensional mixed salt of composition CdCl2·2 NaCl·3H2O. The core of the work is devoted to two highlighting examples of adsorption/absorption. In the first one, varying concentrations of lithium ions present as impurity in aqueous CaCO3 solutions, act as habit modifiers of the growing calcite crystals (adsorption) and, contemporarily, enter the calcite lattice in selected growth sectors, as Li2CO3 iso‐oriented lamellae (absorption). All this has been proved by X‐ray powder diffraction diagrams (XRPD), cathode‐luminescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. In the second example, the well known example of habit modification of NaCl crystals growing from aqueous solution in the presence of formamide is recovered and newly investigated in the light of up to date experimental and theoretical analyses. NaCl crystals were obtained from water‐formamide (H‐CO‐NH2) solutions, either by slow evaporation or by programmed cooling of saturated solutions, the formamide concentration ranging from 0 to 100%. Accordingly, the crystal morphology changes from {100} (pure aqueous solution) to {100} + {111} (water‐formamide solutions) to {111} (pure formamide solution). X‐ray powder diffraction diagrams prove that formamide is not only adsorbed on the {111}NaCl octahedron but is also selectively captured within the {111} growth sectors. The 2D‐lattice coincidences between the d101 layers of formamide and the NaCl – d111 ones suggest that formamide can be adsorbed as ordered epitaxial layers; further, the equivalence between the thickness of the elementary layers and indicates that formamide is allowed to be buried (absorption) in the growing crystal. Hence, one can ultimately state that formamide is not only an habit modifier of NaCl crystals, but that “anomalous NaCl/formamide mixed crystals” form, limited to the {111} NaCl growth sectors.
A Langmuir‐Kinetic Model for CVD Growth from Chemical Precursors
Authors: Raj Rishi , Krumdieck Susan P.
Published: August 2013

A time‐dependent decomposition parameter is added to the classical Langmuir adsorption model to develop a model for CVD growth kinetics. The results, presented in the form of a processing map, separate into three regimes: low temperature, intermediate temperature, and high temperature. The middle regime, which is prominent at low impingement rates and intermediate temperatures, is expected to promote step‐coverage.
Single‐Source Precursor‐Based Deposition of Sb2Te3 Films by MOCVD**
Authors: Bendt Georg , Schulz Stephan , Zastrow Sebastian , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: August 2013

The low‐temperature metal‐organic (MO)CVD of Sb2Te3 films is achieved by the use of the single‐source precursor (Et2Sb)2Te, 1. The role of the substrate temperature on the deposition rate and the composition of the resulting film is described. The resulting Sb2Te3 films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and Auger spectroscopies. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient of the Sb2Te3 film deposited at 200 °C is determined, and the value of 160 µV K−1 demonstrates the high quality and low carrier density of the film.
a‐SiC:H Films by Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma CVD From Ethylsilane Precursors**
Authors: Wrobel Aleksander M. , Walkiewicz‐Pietrzykowska Agnieszka , Uznanski Pawel , Glebocki Bartosz
Published: August 2013

Amorphous, hydrogenated, silicon carbide (a‐SiC:H) films are deposited in the remote hydrogen microwave plasma (RP‐CVD) process using diethylsilane as a single‐source precursor. The effect of substrate temperature (TS) on the kinetics of RP‐CVD, chemical composition, structure, surface morphology, and properties (density, refractive index, and extinction coefficient) of the resulting a‐SiC:H films is investigated. The TS dependence of film growth rate implies that RP‐CVD is an adsorption‐controlled process. The increase of TS from 30 °C to 350 °C causes the elimination of organic moieties from the film and the formation of a SiC network structure. The relationships between the content of SiC bonds, represented by the relative integrated intensity of the SiC IR band, and the film properties are determined. The number of SiC bonds is found to be a key parameter in the control of the examined film properties. The films deposited at TS = 350 °C appear to be very dense materials exhibiting small surface roughness and high refractive index. The results of the present study are compared with those reported for a‐SiC:H films produced by RP‐CVD from a triethylsilane precursor.
Deposition of Thin Copper Layers using Copper(II) Carboxylate Complexes with tert‐Butylamine as New CVD Precursors
Authors: Piszczek Piotr , Szymańska Iwona Barbara , Talik Ewa , Heimann Janusz
Published: August 2013

Volatile properties of copper(II) complexes of the general formula [Cu2(tBuNH2)2(μ‐O2CR)4] (R = CnF2n+1, n = 1–6) (1–6), and their potential application as CVD precursors are discussed. These compounds do not require special storage and handling conditions, and they are sources of metallated species between 435 and 473 K. Analysis of variable temperature infrared (IR) spectra of vapors prove the formation of the volatile and stable copper(I) carboxylate and copper(II) amine carboxylate species. Results of CVD experiments prove the usefulness of the CuII complexes studied in the production of metallic copper layers, between 673 K and 743 K, on silicon (Si(111)), Si‐SiO2, titanium, and Ti‐TiO2 substrates. Film morphologies are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structure and purity of copper layers are studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED).
Reactive Mass Transport during the Aluminization of Rene‐80
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Tkacz‐Śmiech Katarzyna , Nowotnik Andrzej
Published: August 2013

A bi‐velocity method is used to simulate the element‐concentration evolution in the diffusion zone during the aluminization of a Rene‐80 nickel‐based superalloy. The basis of the method and the detailed calculations are presented. The model enables the prediction of the formation of intermetallic phases and multi‐phase layers. The entropy‐production rate can also be calculated, and it is shown that it might serve as a basis to indicate the interphases. The proposed model is applied to model the diffusion in a ternary Al‐Cr‐Ni system. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental element‐concentration profiles, measured for the Rene‐80 alloy subjected to aluminization by CVD.
Deposition of Diamond onto a Titanium Substrate using a Molybdenum Intermediate Layer
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Ürgen Mustafa , Qazi Ishtiaq A.
Published: August 2013

Realizing that certain industrial applications may require diamond films to be deposited over a surface that has the hardness of titanium but has a much higher melting point, the deposition of diamond films over titanium with a pre‐deposited thin film of molybdenum is investigated for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that diamond films synthesized over silicon and metallic substrates exhibit identical morphologies. Raman spectra show that films deposited over a metallic substrate exhibit much higher stress than that of films deposited over silicon. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that carbon and metallic elements diffuse at or near the interface but do not affect the final texture of film.
Design and analysis of distributed utility maximization algorithm for multihop wireless network with inaccurate feedback
Authors: Liao Shengbin , He Jianhua
Published: August 2013

Distributed network utility maximization (NUM) is receiving increasing interests for cross‐layer optimization problems in multihop wireless networks. Traditional distributed NUM algorithms rely heavily on feedback information between different network elements, such as traffic sources and routers. Because of the distinct features of multihop wireless networks such as time‐varying channels and dynamic network topology, the feedback information is usually inaccurate, which represents as a major obstacle for distributed NUM application to wireless networks. The questions to be answered include if distributed NUM algorithm can converge with inaccurate feedback and how to design effective distributed NUM algorithm for wireless networks. In this paper, we first use the infinitesimal perturbation analysis technique to provide an unbiased gradient estimation on the aggregate rate of traffic sources at the routers based on locally available information. On the basis of that, we propose a stochastic approximation algorithm to solve the distributed NUM problem with inaccurate feedback. We then prove that the proposed algorithm can converge to the optimum solution of distributed NUM with perfect feedback under certain conditions. The proposed algorithm is applied to the joint rate and media access control problem for wireless networks. Numerical results demonstrate the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of myocardial damage by cardiac MRI in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Oflaz Serap , Yucel Basak , Oz Fahrettin , Sahin Dilek , Ozturk Nalan , Yaci Omer , Polat Nihat , Gurdal Ahmet , Cizgici Ahmet Y. , Dursun Memduh , Oflaz Huseyin
Published: August 2013

Objective

Cardiac damage is a major complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study evaluated the prevalence of myocardial damage in patients with AN by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Method

This study was cross‐sectional and observational. Forty consecutive female patients with a diagnosis of AN and 28 healthy female subjects were evaluated from January 2007 to 2011 at the Department of Psychiatry (University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey). Following enrolment in the study, participants underwent a cardiac evaluation, a physical examination, a standard electrocardiogram (ECG), an echocardiography and a CMR.

Results

Body weight, body mass index and heart rate values were lower in patients with AN than in the control group. When compared with control groups, patients with AN showed reduced left ventricular mass with normal systolic function. Compared to control subjects, patients with AN had higher prevalence of pericardial effusion (30% in the AN group, 4% in the control group, p = .005) and mitral valve prolapses (23% in the AN group, 4% in the control group, p = .03). Myocardial fibrosis (detected as late gadolinium enhancement on CMR) was found in 23% of patients with AN. Myocardial fibrosis was not detected in any control subject (p = .007).

Conclusion

A strong association was found between myocardial fibrosis and AN. Cardiac damage of myocardial fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with AN can be found by CMR examination. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:862–866)
THE RANDOM CARD SORT METHOD AND RESPONDENT CERTAINTY IN CONTINGENT VALUATION: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF RANGE BIAS
Authors: Shackley Phil , Dixon Simon
Published: August 2013

Willingness to pay (WTP) values derived from contingent valuation surveys are prone to a number of biases. Range bias occurs when the range of money values presented to respondents in a payment card affects their stated WTP values. This paper reports the results of an exploratory study whose aim was to investigate whether the effects of range bias can be reduced through the use of an alternative to the standard payment card method, namely, a random card sort method. The results suggest that the random card sort method is prone to range bias but that this bias may be mitigated by restricting the analysis to the WTP values of those respondents who indicate they are ‘definitely sure’ they would pay their stated WTP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow correlates with tumor stage and nodal involvement in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Fehm Tanja , Banys Malgorzata , Rack Brigitte , Jäger Bernadette , Hartkopf Andreas , Taran Florin‐Andrei , Janni Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer patients is associated with poor outcome. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of BM status on survival in a large cohort of cervical cancer patients. Three hundred twenty‐five patients with cervical cancer were included into this prospective two‐center study (University Hospitals Tuebingen, Munich, Germany). BM was collected preoperatively. DTCs were identified by immunocytochemistry using the pancytokeratin antibody A45B/B3. DTCs were detected in 22% of all BM aspirates. The number of CK‐positive cells ranged from 1 to 93 per 2 × 106 mononuclear cells. Eighteen percent of patients with T1 stage presented with DTCs in BM compared to 30% in T2 and 45% in T3/4 patients. Among nodal negative patients, 18% had tumor cells in BM compared to 32% of nodal positive patients. Positive DTC status was associated with tumor size (p = 0.007) and nodal status (p = 0.009) but not with grading (p = 0.426). DTC status did not correlate with overall or disease‐free survival. In the univariate analysis, tumor stage, nodal status, resection status and grading correlated with OS and DFS. In the multivariate analysis, only tumor stage and nodal status were independent predictors of OS and tumor stage, nodal status and grading of DFS. Tumor cell dissemination into BM is thus a common phenomenon in cervical cancer and correlates with higher tumor load but lacks prognostic relevance. Alternative detection methods may be needed to establish prognostic potential.
Successful treatment of drug‐induced acute liver failure with high‐volume plasma exchange
Authors: Liu Chung‐Te , Chen Tso‐Hsiao , Cheng Chung‐Yi
Published: August 2013

We report two patients with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI)‐related acute liver failure (ALF) who were successfully treated with high‐volume plasma exchange without liver transplantation. The first patient was a 66‐year‐old man admitted because of a perforated duodenal ulcer complicated with peritonitis and septic shock. After treatment with multiple antibiotics, the patient developed DILI and ALF. Grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy and profound jaundice were present. Symptoms and signs of ALF improved dramatically after initiation of plasma exchange. The patient was discharged uneventfully. The second patient was a 94‐year‐old man admitted for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. DILI and ALF developed 5 days after initiation of anti‐tuberculosis treatment. Grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy was present. After plasma exchange, the patient's level of consciousness improved dramatically, and he recovered from ALF. These 2 cases show the potential of plasma exchange in the treatment of DILI despite occurrence acute liver failure. J. Clin. Apheresis, 28:430–434, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic alcohol consumption promotes alterations on salivary gland regeneration process
Authors: Nör Felipe , Hartmann Marcelo Dewes , Slongo Peter Robson , Lamers Rafael Lazzaron , Fossati Anna Christina Medeiros
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate the histological effect of alcohol ingestion on the regeneration of the submandibular gland (SMG) in rats. Twelve 60‐day‐old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups. Test group (TG) animals ingested 40° GL of alcohol for 45 days before surgery, being its concentration gradually increased 10° GL/week for 4 weeks to achieve the final concentration of 40° GL. The control group (CG) received water during the whole experimental period. One‐third of the left SMG lobe was removed. Three and seven days after, the whole gland was excised and analyzed. In the TG, the inflammatory process was pronounced when comparing the CG on day 3. The inverse aspect was observed on day 7, associated with an advanced parenchyma development. Changes in laminin expression and glycoproteins production were observed in the TG, causing advanced morphogenesis and delay in cytodifferentiation during the salivary gland regeneration, probably due to alcohol effects. Animals who received ethanol showed alterations in the pattern of glandular regeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1125–1130, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Situationally Equivocal Eyewitness Evidence and the Violence of Crimes
Authors: Sharps Matthew Joseph , Herrera Megan R. , Price‐Sharps Jana Leigh
Published: August 2013

Eyewitness evidence is amongst the most important types of evidence in investigative and juridical proceedings. Yet, eyewitness evidence frequently derives from observations made under situationally equivocal conditions, including such factors as darkness and physical obstruction of view. The effect of the violence of a given crime on potential jurors' evaluation of such equivocal evidence was addressed. A witness's identification of a suspect in a violent crime was generated in three versions, varying only in the level of violence of the crime. Respondents were more likely to accept this identification as accurate under more violent conditions and were also less likely to report noticing or considering equivocal aspects (darkness and physical obstruction) in situations of greater violence. Predisposing factors to judgement of guilt lay significantly in the acceptance of punishment as a viable deterrent to crime and of societal guilt for the criminal's behaviour, although political or religious orientations were not shown to influence these results, and none of these factors interacted with the violence of the crime to influence judgement of guilt or innocence. These findings indicate the importance of affective factors in judgements of guilt or innocence, especially when these judgements are based on situationally equivocal eyewitness evidence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apodemes associated with limbs support serial homology of claws and jaws in onychophora (velvet worms)
Authors: de Sena Oliveira Ivo , Mayer Georg
Published: August 2013

Although the onychophoran jaw blades are believed to be derivatives of foot claws, serial homology of these structures has not been demonstrated. To shed light on the evolutionary origin of the onychophoran jaws, we searched for morphological landmarks and compared the internal and external anatomy of jaws and distal leg portions in representatives of the two major onychophoran subgroups, the Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae. Our data revealed hitherto unknown structures associated with the onychophoran limbs, such as a soft diastemal membrane separating the anterior and posterior portions of the inner jaw blade (present only in Peripatidae), apodemes associated with feet, an eversible dorsal sac at the basis of each foot claw, and a specific arrangement of musculature associated with the sclerotised claws, jaws and their apodemes. Specific correspondences in structure and position of apodemes support serial homology of claws and jaws, suggesting that the onychophoran jaw evolved from the distal portion rather than the entire limb in the last common ancestor of Onychophora. J. Morphol. 274:1180–1190, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of vibration–rotation coupling on simultaneous extraction of temperature and species concentration from vibrational CARS spectra of hot gases
Authors: Marrocco Michele
Published: August 2013

The coupling between vibration and rotation in light molecules changes the strength of the Raman response. From this standpoint, we consider high‐temperature molecular spectra obtained by means of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), whose spectral intensity is useful to extract thermometric information and species concentrations for applications in combustion science. In this context and unlike other studies on the subject that are exclusively focused on thermometry, the novelty of the current work lies in the determination of the mutual relationship among the free variables adopted in the analysis of CARS spectra when these do not include the effect of the vibration–rotation coupling. The relationship emerges from the comparison to a reference made of calculated vibrational spectra of nitrogen and oxygen subject to the coupling. These spectra are then fitted by means of spectra developed under the ordinary rigid‐rotor approximation that is usually adopted in any fitting procedure for such molecules. The results show that small changes of the fitted temperature correspond to larger deviations for the determination of concentrations and non‐resonant background. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety evaluation of femtosecond lentotomy on the porcine lens by optical measurement with 50‐femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Wang Rui , Chen Bing , Ye Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhao Hongyou , Zhen Jie , Huang Yifei , Wei Zhiyi , Gu Ying
Published: August 2013

Background and Objective

The optimized parameters of femtosecond (fs) lentotomy, an innovative strategy for presbyopia, have been further discussed regarding the safety of the procedure for eyeballs. This article's aim was to prove the safety and feasibility of the fs lentotomy procedure with 50‐fs laser pulses.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

This was an experimental study in which the safety of fs lentotomy by optical measurement was tested. The experiment was performed on 49 porcine crystalline lenses by 50‐fs laser pulses at a central wavelength of 800 nm and scanning focusing optics with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.125. The input pulse energy was in the range of 0.35 μJ to 0.65 μJ. The transmitted energy throughout the eyeball was measured through a hole in the back wall of the eyeball by a power meter. The transmittance and peak power density (PPD) on the cornea, lens, and retina were illustrated. The laser cutting quality of 50‐fs laser pulses on the crystalline lens were assessed, and the theoretical safety of such a procedure for the cornea, lens, and retina was evaluated.

Results

A sharp cut without noticeable large bubbles was obtained with 0.35 μJ pulse energy under the optical system for which the NA was 0.125. The transmittance of the whole eyeball was measured to be 69% to 75% under 0.35 μJ to 0.65 μJ incident laser energy. The threshold of PPD for photodisruption on the crystalline lens, retina, and cornea was measured to be in the magnitude of 1013 W/cm2, 108 W/cm2, and 109 W/cm2, respectively.

Conclusions

The cutting quality in this experiment implied the feasibility of the 50‐fs laser in fs lentotomy; the pulse energy for fs lentotomy descended from microjoules to hundreds of nanojoules, and the PPD on the cornea and retina during the procedure decreased further, both of which illustrated the safety of such an optical design and the parameters during fs lentotomy for the eyeball. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:450–459, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.