bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For a Workable Green Revolution for India
Authors: Jeevananda Reddy S 
Published: January 2019

>The note presents a brief accounting of agriculture in India to date and what is to be done for achieving an environment friendly workable green revolution or sustainable agriculture.
Biorhythm & Chronobiology
Authors: Dassonville Patrice F
Published: January 2019

During previous works, we have shown that time is not a phenomenon; instead, it's a concept [1]. This result leads to legitimate questionings : how time could be involved in biorhythms ? is the word chronobiology appropriate ? are we in the presence of a biological clock ? can we refer to a biological arrow of time ?
Paleocurrent Analysis of Kolhan Basin: Implications to Paleogeographic Reconstructions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kasturi
Published: January 2019

The paleocurrent investigation of a basin is one of the preliminary task for understanding paleogeographic reconstructions and fluvial paleo-channels. Correct paleo channel analysis helps in supporting paleotectonic conclusions from petrology and geochemistry. In this paper paleocurrent of Proterozoic Kolhan basin has been calculated from various methods. It reveals the pattern of transport towards the north-west or north-east in the central region of the area. In the southern region it shows prominent north or northeasterly paleocurrent patterns especially in its lower part. The presence of NNE and NNW paleocurrents, in addition to an important current parallel to the NW has also been indicated. The vector means calculated from grain orientation and cross-bedding indicate at least two distinct flow systems, approximately north-westerly and northeasterly directions during the deposition of the siliciclastics. However the overall polymodal nature of the current rose diagrams suggests interaction of factors during the deposition. The mean directions are almost uniform although magnitude of the vector resultants exhibit frequent variation in the different facies.
Effect of Microwave Processing and Storage on Quality of Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) Honey from Bac Lieu-Vietnam
Authors: Nam Nguyen Xuan
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present work was to find out if microwave processing and storage conditions can affect some of the main honey quality paramenters (reducing sugar (RS), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), diastase number (DN), water and colour) of cajuput honey was obtained from Bac Lieu-Vietnam. RS content were analyzed by DNS method, HMF under AOAC 980.23, diastase activity based on AOAC 958.09, water content according to AOAC 969.38B and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) were established in the CIE system. The results of the analysis showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of fresh honey was as follows: water content 23.18%, RS 717.42mg/g, HMF 4.24mg/kg, DN 4.85mg/kg, colour parameters L*a*b* 39.51-10.51-31.81. Honey was processed at continues power 30P(480 W), 50P(800 W), 70P(1120 W) for 20, 30, and 40 seconds then the honey sample was left to room temperature (20-23 °C), stored at room (<25 °C) and cool (<10 °C) temperature for eight weeks. The changes in the RS, HMF, DN, water and colour were observed. Microwave processing applied to cajuput honey did not effect on colour, while RS, HMF, DN and water content affected significantly. The storage time and temperature affected significantly on RS, DN and colour
In Silico Identification of the Antimastitis I Components in Allium cepa
Authors: MS Latha
Published: January 2019

Bovine mastitis is a pathogenic inflammation to the mammary gland of cattle results in huge reduction of milk production. Antibiotics are used for the treatment of mastitis. Limitted cfficacy of the antibiotic treatment is a threat to the diary industry. Farmers of South Kerala use the crude extract of Allium cepa for the treatment of mastitis and is found to be highly effective. Present study focus on the identification of the antimastitis components in Allium cepa which can perform efficient docking interaction with the target protein (PDB ID: 1JIL) of Staphalococus aureus bacteria using Schrodinger suit v 9.2. The phytochemicals, Myricetin, Quercetin-4'-glucoside and Quercetin-3-glucoside in Allium cepa are identified as the antimastitis components. The results of the study are helpful in developing novel drugs for the treatment of mastitis.
Darwinian Selection Transforms Organisms to Bio-Robots
Authors: Skopec Robert
Published: January 2019

Marwin Minsky, one of the founders of artificial intelligence (AI) thinks that there may be tell-tale signs if programmer of our mass simulation has made some slips. He said that some laws of physics that aren’t quite right could be the start of being able to prove that the Universe is a simulation. The illusory effect in the experiments started to fade if the brushstroke went higher than about 15 inches above the rubber hand. In other words, that's as far your Force Field goes. Scientific experiments can't grasp a fourth dimension any better than we can. Their studies can produce shadows of a sort, which suggest a fourth dimension really is there lurking just beyond our grasp. An illustration of clustering patterns due to Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), where the likelyhood of finding a galaxy at a certain distance from any other galaxy is governed by the relationship between dark matter and normal matter. If there is a new interaction between dark matter and radiation, the greatest cosmic controversy about the expanding Universe might be have an incredible resolution. Here we must as first formulate a new Main Natural Law: the Quantum Entanglement Entropy (QEE). Through above resonances the QEE is causing a metastasis of correlations, antagonistically intertwining (coincidences) all types of potentially conflicting interests.
A Review on Methaemoglobinaemia: From Diagnosis to Treatment
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

The first case of methaemoglobinaemia was reported by Sloss and Wybauw in 1912. Methaemoglobin is a derivative of normal haemoglobin in which the iron of the haem complex has been oxidized from the ferrous to the ferric form. Methaemoglobin does not combine with oxygen and thus does not take part in oxygen transport. In normal red cells, methaemoglobin is continually being formed by the auto-oxidation of haemoglobin, but it is reduced as soon as it is formed; thus the concentration of methaemoglobin in the red blood cells under normal conditions is less than one percent of total haemoglobin. The term methaemoglobinaemia is used to describe the excess accumulation of methaemoglobin in the red blood cell. Methaemoglobin lacks the capacity to carry oxygen, and methaemoglobinaemia causes symptoms and signs of hypoxia. Toxic methaemoglobinaemia occurs when a drug or other toxic substance oxidizes haemoglobin and the patient is likely to show cyanosis. Methaemoglobinaemia has a wide spread among industrial workers worldwide where they make use of toxic chemicals, also among fertilizer company workers. Methaemoglobin can be identified spectroscopically by its absorption band in the red part of the spectrum at 630nm; this band disappears on the addition of yellow ammonium sulphide. Methaemoglobin levels are best measured using the change of absorbance of methaemoglobin of 630nm that occurs when cyanide is added, converting the methaemoglobin to cyanmethaemoglobin. Treatment consists of slow intravenous injection of methylene blue; the recommended does is 2mg/kg bodyweight for infants, 1.5mg/kg bodyweight for older children, and 1mg/kg bodyweight for adults, in a 1% sterile aqueous solution.
In vivo Acute Toxicity (LD50) Studies and Phytochemical Screening of Stem Bark Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guilt and per (Caesalpinioideae) and Myosortisscorpioides L. (boraginaceae)
Authors: Zakari Abdu
Published: January 2019

The methanol extract of stem bark of Detarium microcarpum and Myosortisscorpioides were screened for in vivo safety pharmacological studies (acute toxicity LD50) using Swiss Albino Miceand for the presence of some phytochemicals. The result of the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of important secondary metabolites including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids. The results showed that the plant extracts were toxic to the mice and caused death at a concentration of =2900mg/Kg and 1600mg/kg body weight of the live mice and LD50 of 3,807.89mg/Kg and =2,828.43mg/Kg respectively. The result of the study was a useful guide to a practically safe dose in an ongoing antimalarial study of extracts of these plants.
Bronquiectasias secundarias a tuberculosis pulmonar en pacientes de un hospital general
Authors: Llanos-Tejada Félix , Tamayo-Alarcón Roberto
Published: January 2019

La tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) supone un problema de Salud Pública. Se estima que la mitad de los pacientes con TBP desarrollan a lo largo de su vida una complicación, siendo la más frecuente la bronquiectasia. Objetivos: Determinar las principales características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes con bronquiectasias secundarias a TBP en un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los casos con diagnóstico de bronquiectasia secundaria a TBP. Resultados: El 69% fue de sexo femenino y 40% fue adulto mayor. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron tos en 66,6%, expectoración 56,0% y hemoptisis 49,2%. El 43% tuvo patrón tomográfico sacular. El 53% recibió broncodilatadores, 41% corticoides inhalados, 33% antibióticos y 16% mucolíticos. El tiempo promedio entre el diagnóstico de TBP y el desarrollo de la bronquiectasia fue 16,76 ± 11,94 años. Conclusiones: Las bronquiectasias por TBP fueron más frecuentes en mujeres y en adultos mayores. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron tos, expectoración y hemoptisis. El patrón tomográfico más frecuente fue el sacular. El tratamiento más frecuente fue el uso de broncodilatadores.
Educar en Bioética: el rol del directivo en el proceso de enseñanza del profesional de las ciencias de la salud
Authors: Domínguez Barrera Constantino , Cervera Vallejos Mirtha , León Jiménez Franco , Ñique Carbajal César
Published: January 2019

En función de las necesidades de investigación en formación de recursos humanos poco abordado en nuestro medio, y partiendo de la experiencia de vida dedicados a la docencia universitaria por parte de los autores, pretendemos realizar un análisis y propuesta sobre las cualidades profesionales y personales que debe poseer un directivo u autoridad académica en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. Para llegar a desarrollar un cargo de directivo dentro de la vida universitaria proponemos que la persona debe contar con una trayectoria académica y profesional reconocida y secuencial, con sólidos conocimientos en la gestión de la universidad a través de la certificación de un entrenamiento o programa de postgrado, así como también el haber plasmado en su quehacer académico la metodología de la investigación científica evidenciado en la publicación de obras que son consultadas por sus pares y estudiantes, asimismo es imprescindible que el directivo académico sea un ejemplo a  seguir, sea ético, es decir que muestre coherencia entre su vida profesional y personal. En resumen, proponemos que para ser elegido autoridad en nuestro sistema universitario no basta cumplir con los requisitos que nos propone la ley, sino que deberíamos observar estas cualidades que a manera de propuesta creemos que sería determinantes para el buen gobierno de nuestras escuelas y/o facultades de ciencias de la salud.
Envase de vidrio en recto
Authors: Ayala-García Marco Antonio , Reyes Sánchez Jorge
Published: January 2019

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Pelatihan Strategi Pengembangan Perpustakaan Sekolah Tingkatan Menengah Se-Kecamatan Tlanakan
Authors: Subaidi Agus , Zayyadi Moh
Published: January 2019

The library is part of school facilities that must be managed properly. But in reality, in the field there are still many school libraries that are still not good in the management system such as reading room arrangement that is not comfortable, books that are not labeled so that it is difficult for readers to look for it, it is difficult to know the availability of books (administrative services using manuals) and there are still many librarians who Not yet qualified in their fields, there are even librarians who are not purely library subjects, so there is a need for training and education for librarians and providers in the school library. We see the need for library development in several schools in Tlanakan sub-district. Because it can increase interest in visiting and reading students. So that the target in achieving is the increase of librarian's knowledge and ability in managing the school library properly so that the library becomes a maximum means of supporting student learning. The findings of this activity are the participants responded well. They get a lot of previously unknown knowledge about library management and are motivated to develop libraries in their schools and plan to follow other trainings that support their knowledge in managing the library.
Kelompok Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa Di Desa Bongkot
Authors: Yani Athi Linda , Ghofar Abdul , Wididatie Wiwiek
Published: January 2019

Integrated service posts (posyandu) and families have a very important role in the healing rate of patients with mental disorders. In the Bongkot Village Office, posyandu mental has been established because of the high number of cases of mental disorders in the area. Many patients with ODGJ were found in their families because they were considered dangerous, the patients were not cared for, were ostracized by their families, the family considered that the patients could not be cured anymore and the family was embarrassed when they were found to have family members who had mental disorders. The method given is to conduct training for partners in order to be able to therapeutic group activities, to do psychoeducation for the community, especially ODGJ family groups, to conduct counseling related to mental health service systems, to form SHG groups in families, provide training in making skills and farming. The outputs of the proposed PKM program are publications that will be published in accredited national journals, national seminar proceedings, publications on mass media, product quality and quantity improvement, textbooks, community understanding and skills improvement, health improvement in ODGJ patients, system improvement.
Program Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa dan Alumni Di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan
Authors: Shodikin Ali , Sumarno Wahyu Kyestiati , Sutardi Sutardi , Muhajir Ali
Published: January 2019

At this time, a lot of news about unemployment of higher education graduates became a special concern for the campus as the organizer. The solutions adopted include entrepreneurship education programs for students and graduates. But often entrepreneurship education programs that are carried out are not continuous and sporadic in order to obtain less optimal results. The entrepreneurship development program aims to provide entrepreneurship guidance for students and alumni of Universitas Islam Darul Ulum by prioritizing the concept of sustainable training and coaching and adjusting tenant issues. This program uses a three-phase of Participatory Action Learning System (PALS) approach, namely awareness, entrepreneurship capacity building, and institutionalization. The results were obtained that this program provided improvements in tenant management, produced science and technology-based products and formed cooperation with related parties.
Entre redes de solidariedades e lutas: a experiência das libertas na Vila de Porto Seguro (1873-1885
Authors: Cunha dos Santos Joceneide , Coutinho Mendes Francimaura
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como escopo analisar a experiência de algumas libertas da Vila de Porto Seguro no interstício de 1873 a 1885: suas estratégias para conseguir a alforria e, em seguida, cuidarem dos seus sustentos. Para isso utilizamos, dentre outros documentos, testamentos e ações de liberdade. O método utilizado foi o indiciário proposto por Carlo Ginzburg.
Evaluoiminen opettajan työvälineenä suomalaisessa koulussa
Authors: Halonen Mia
Published: January 2019

Arvioitu teos
Pilvi Heinonen: Evaluointi opettajan vuorovaikutustoimintana. Osallistujuuden ulottuvuuksia luokkahuoneessa. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto 2017. 226 s. isbn 978-951-51-3723-4.
Suomen kielen syntaksin kehitys vuoden ja kahdeksan kuukauden ja kolmen ikävuoden välillä
Authors: Saikkonen Taija
Published: January 2019

Tanja Saikkosen kognitiotieteen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa 22. toukokuuta 2018. Vastaväittelijä toimi professori Harald Clahsen Potsdamin yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Martti Vainio.

Taija Saikkonen: The Development of Finnish Syntax between the Ages of 1 Year, 8 Months and 3 Years. University of Helsinki. Department of Digital Humanities. Studies in Cognitive Science 8. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-4216-0.
Evaluasi dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Sari Lia Mega
Published: January 2019

Islamic education is used as an ideal goal to be achieved in programs and processes in Islamic products or Islamic educational outputs, and to find out the achievements made by the evaluation activities. With evaluation, it can be called or called the level of progress. But the system used for education is the same as the evaluation system used by general education. Therefore the writer will discuss about evaluation in Islamic education that can be found if it is in it. In this discussion the author uses literature studies to be able to understand education in Islam, the author seeks various references both primary and secondary about studies in Islamic education. The result of this experiment is that the evaluation applied in Islamic education is different from that in general education. That is, if in Islamic education objects that are valued or discussed by students are not just things related to science, nor are they related to religious behavior alone; But the balance between the two. Students are evaluated about religious, social, scientific level, skills and so on. While evaluation in general education is not related to evaluating religious behavior, but the morals are only focused on knowledge, skills or matters relating to student achievement.
Komparasi Materi Bacaan Al–Qur'ān antara Riwāyat Hafş Ibn Sulaimān Al-Kūfīy dengan Riwāyat Warsy 'Uśmān Ibn Sa'īd Al-Mişrī dan Implikasinya pada Pembelajaran Baca Al–Qur'ān
Authors: S Rizal Taufik
Published: January 2019

This study discusses the similarities and differences in Al-Qur'an reading material between riwāyat Hafş Ibn Sulaimān al-Kūfiy and riwāyat Warsy 'Uśmān Ibn Sa'īd al-Mişrī and its implications for Al-Qur'ān reading learning. In implementing this research process, methods are used that are in harmony with the object of research, so the author uses a type of library research and is descriptive, comparative, or content analysis. In line with the type and nature of research, the data sources that I use are primary data sources, in an effort to collect data using the Library Study method. Data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of the study show that there are similarities and differences in the reading material between riwāyat Hafş Ibn Sulaimān al-Kūfiy and riwāyat Warsy 'Uśmān Ibn Sa'īd al-Mişrī as well as its implications for Al-Qur'an reading reading, namely the similarity in pronouncing makhārij al-hurūf and şifat al-surat. However, there are differences in the form of verbs, iśbat, dialect differences (lahjah). Thus the difference in qirā'āt is caused by 2 (two) aspects, namely the historical aspect and the biological aspect. Implications for Al-Qur'an reading learning which includes components such as goals, material, methods, teachers and students, media and evaluation.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Budaya Nemui Nyimah di Masyarakat Lampung Pepadun
Authors: Sada Heru Juabdin , Firdaos Rijal , Sari Yunita
Published: January 2019

This study aims to explain how the values of Islamic education in the culture are found in the community of Lampung Pepadun. The implementation of the culture of Nemui Nyimah in the community of Tiyuh Panaragan is seen in hospitality activities, such as there are procedures or adab-adab visiting and receiving guests. Data analysis techniques used by researchers are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of this study state that: The implementation of the culture of Nemu Nyimah in the Tiyuh Panaragan community can be seen in hospitality activities, such as adab-adab visiting and receiving guests in the community of Tiyuh Panaragan. Based on the results of the Nemu Nyimah Study, it is an explicit culture which means that it cannot be seen in any form, but the culture of Nemu Nyimah is always in any activity or event such as deliberation, forum mulei menganai, yasinan, ngakuk majeu (taking girls), and manjau debingei.
Is that Possible Technology Transfer in the Field of Telemedicine?
Authors: Soltanzadeh Sulmaz , Soltanzadeh Ladan
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers, devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things.Material and Methods:The Google scholar search engine was used to retrieve information from the Internet, using the search string “transfer +technology +telemedicine”. A total of 94 out of 3040 titles identified as potentially relevant items. 64 titles were excluded after abstract review and another 16 after full-text review. Finally, a total of 16 articles were selected for review.Results:The purpose of technology transfer is Pre-defined set of activities in which necessary technology will be available for applicant. Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technologies in order to provide clinical health care at a distance.Conclusion:The process of transfer of technology in the medical field not only of transport equipment but also in the field of telemedicine techniques will also be included.
Functional Requirements of Pharmacy’s Information System in Hospitals
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Meidani Zahra , Riazi Hossein , Sadeqi Jabali Monireh
Published: January 2019

Introduction:  Pharmacy Information System (PIS) existed in hospitals collects, saves and manages the information related to drug and drug consumption in process of caring patients and results in decreasing error in interpreting handwritten prescriptions, distributing drug and controlling side effects of drug. Regarding the importance of knowing users’ expectations for designing successful system and based on procedure of clinical environment and in direction of patient’ security and improving care quality, this study conducted with the aim of determining functional requirements of pharmacy information system and by offering system ‘final users for poll.Material and Methods: This research is descriptive cross-sectional one and of applied kind that conducted in 15 hospitals in 1391.  This study conducted in three independent steps including library study, internet search and designing finding semi produced guideline and questionnaire, offering ten experts the finding semi produced questionnaire for poll, offering 50 individuals of experts the final questionnaire for poll using Delphi technique. Validity of final questionnaire and its reliability confirmed through validity of content and re-test test, respectively. Data analyzed using SPSS software and answers given points of 0-4 and requirements with mean’ final point of 3 or more than 3 confirmed.Results: Based on the first and second turns of Delphi technique, final list of pharmacy information system’ functional requirements of 80 requirements determined. The highest mean point related to capability to connect with computerized provider order entry (3.73%), capability to calculate dose of drug and warn about drug interference (3.71%), capability to apply barcode technology (3.71%) and capability to register expiration date , way and place of keeping good (3.63%).Conclusion: Based on experts’ opinions, requirements that related to patient security were paid more attention. Finally, a list of pharmacy information system’ functional requirements presented that could be used by designers, developers and other beneficiaries of pharmacy information system in hospitals.
Diabetes-Related Complications Severity Analysis Based on Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches
Authors: Ebrahimi Morteza , Ahmadi Khatereh
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health problem affecting more than 285 million people worldwide. Evidence suggests that lifestyle and other non-pharmacological interventions can delay and even prevent the development of disease and its complications. This disease should be effectively controlled because of its complications including cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney diseases and etc.Material and Methods: In this research two fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches including fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods are used to decide the significance of each diabetes complications due to its main risk factors.Results: In GRA method values of the first pair-wise comparison between criterions were defined in interval-valued fuzzy numbers, this puts more accuracy on the problem and the final ranking obtained from this method was a little different in sorting and weights of alternatives compared to fuzzy TOPSIS method.Conclusion: It is a new view point of fuzzy MCDM methods to be used for analysis of complications due to a specific disease.
Middleware for the Integration of Hospital Information Systems
Authors: Shahmoradi Leila , Habibi-Koolaee Mahdi , Ebrahimi Maryam , Parnian Khoy Fatemeh , Soltani Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Background: The integration of healthcare information systems is one of the most urgent priorities of healthcare organizations. Middleware has a major role in the integration of hospital information system (HIS). The purpose of this study is to determine the type of middleware used, their configuration and integration approaches in the hospitals of the research community.Methods: This study was descriptive in nature and was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via a self-structured questionnaire, in 2014. Seventeen hospitals affiliated to TUMS that have the HIS were recruited for this study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. Simple statistical analysis was used to determine the integration status of HISs.Results: The most striking result to emerge from the data is that 64.7% of HISs had database-oriented middleware. Approximately half of surveyed HISs (41.2%) used synchronous mechanism and almost two-thirds of them (70.2%) used web service. Although, 17.2% of HISs use service-oriented integration approach, but the overall response to this question was poor.Conclusion:  The result of the study indicates that the database-oriented middleware facilitate accessibility of the databases, on a variety of platforms. It might be related to the variety of company those developed the HISs. The result showed that the using web services could be helpful to application integration. The results of this investigation show that the HIS companies and healthcare facilities must be considered to the standards of interoperability for development and selection of the systems. Further research should be done to investigate the integration status of HISs in cross-national level and with other information systems in the field of healthcare.
Designing a Diagnostic System of Patients Suspected with Glaucoma Using Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Moghbeli Fateme , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Nilforoushan Navid , Eghbalian Arani Hossein , Orooji Azam
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of eye diseases and is a group of disorders that cause damages to optic nerve. If it does not cure; it can lead to permanent vision loss. There is no sign and pain for this disease and it appears in form of blindness in very advanced phase of its progression. Digital imaging is a useful tool for non-invasive measurements in medical field. By using image processing techniques, many medical images could be processed and analyzed, helping experts to detect diseases, decreasing cost and time of tests and helping to do screening significantly. The main purpose of this study was to suggest an algorithm in order to detect glaucoma suspects in retinal fundus images.Material and Methods:  This study was an original applied study and its algorithm was developed in MATLAB environment using image processing toolbox. It was evaluated by using existed images obtained from RIM-ONE database. In the present paper, Otsu multi-level thresholding algorithm was used along with MICO algorithm to segment the optic cup and disc and estimate their vertical diameter.Results:  The algorithm was run on 124 images containing 57 images of glaucoma suspects and 67 images of healthy retina. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.90 respectively.Conclusion:  Suggested algorithm worked fast because light pre-processing has been done. However, there is no system with 100% correct diagnosis, the results obtained from suggested system was acceptable. Thus using such systems could be helpful for practitioners.
Modeling the Acceptance of Hospital Information Systems among Nurses: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Moghbeli Fateme , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Kouhestani Azita , Orooji Azam
Published: January 2019

Introduction:  The perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have been considered as the main factors affecting the acceptance of the new technologies since last few decades. However, it appears that these only two factors cannot describe the users’ behavior in the environments like the Hospital Information System. From the technology acceptance standpoint at the individual acceptance level, the present paper tends to develop a Technology Acceptance Model with introducing some external factors.Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2017. The research population was included 185 nurses who works in Health Information Management (HIM) departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire was developed in order to gather the required data. The validity was obtained by panel of experts and the reliability was examined and then confirmed in a 50 person sample using the Cronbach’s Alpha (a=0.93). The Likert’s five item scale was applied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and path analysis.Results: The behavioral intention was affected significantly and positively by the factors of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy, end user support, social norm, trust, job relevance, and training, with trust having the highest level of effects. Also perceived ease of use had a significant effect on perceived usefulness along with an indirect effect on behavioral intention through perceived usefulness. The factors of anxiety, voluntariness, and facilitating conditions showed no significant effects on behavioral intention.Conclusion:  The factors of trust, perceived usefulness, social norm, end user support, and self-efficacy have an impact on the behavioral intention of the users utilizing the Hospital Information System in the concerning hospitals. These factors could explain 72% of the changes of behavioral intention. Concentrating on them would lead to the improvement of the acceptance and Hospital Information System efficiency.
Designing and Evaluating of a Guideline-Based Recommender-Interpreter System to Inform Diabetic Patients about the Status of Periodic Lab Tests
Authors: Kamel Ghalibaf Azadeh , Mazloom Khorasani Zahra , Gholian-Aval Mahdi , Tara Mahmood
Published: January 2019

Introduction: One of the most important issues in managing diabetes is the periodic checkups and tests to prevent the secondary complications of the disease. Low level of literacy in patients with diabetes, and the widespread use of abbreviations and numbers in the lab test results, makes it difficult for the patient to understand and interpret her health status. The purpose of this study is to design an expert system based on clinical guidelines in order to interpret the laboratory test results to patients and provide relevant recommendations in a textual report.Material and Methods: The study consists of two phases: the design and the evaluation. Design phase consists of 4 stages. In the first step, based on a Delphi study, the biological and laboratory tests, periodically measured for diabetic patients, were identified. In the second phase, according to the American Diabetes Association guideline, the rules for the interpretation of tests were extracted. In the third stage, an observational study was conducted to identify the elements of explanations that were provided by the physician about the results of patients' tests. In the fourth stage, the template messages were designed. In the evaluation phase, 12 diabetic patients assessed the usability of the generated report in two aspects of the visual design and the content. Five indices of apparent attractiveness, ease of comprehension, applicability, description adequacy, and novelty of content was evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale checklist.Results: The results of the Delphi study revealed that routine tests for diabetic patients included three profiles (e.g. blood glucose, blood lipids, and kidney status), with two examinations (e.g. blood pressure and weight). The structure of the report was designed according to the patient physician communication at visit sessions. Each section of the report includes three types of feedback: descriptive, comparative, and conclusive statements. The average age of participants was 56.4 years with 72.1% women. Patients believed that the report was attractive with an average score of 9.3, and evaluated the report's comprehensiveness with an average score of 9.4. The usability (8.3), the information adequacy (8.7) and the novelty (8.2) were also perceived acceptable by patients.Conclusion: The results showed that the report was acceptable from the perspective of diabetic patients, and patients would like to get more information about their health status. The findings of this study can be used as guidance to design of the next phase of the study, e.g. evaluation of intervention effectiveness.
Comprehensive overview of Decision-Fusion technique in healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nazari Elham , Pour Reza , Tabesh Hamed
Published: January 2019

Introduction: In recent decades, the use of Decision-Fusion techniques has attracted the attention of many scholars and academics. The use of this technique to manage challenges such as diversity and scalability in the Big Data is very common in various industries, including the health care industry. Hence, a comprehensive review of studies on the use of this technique in the field of health care and its review of the types of applied methods, the type of used data, the obtained data, the use and purpose of technique can be useful. Therefore, the protocol of this Scope Review article will be presented to examine this technique in the field of health care.Method: The protocol was designed based on O'Malley and Arksey's five-step framework in combination with Levac et al.enhancement. First, a field-specific structure was defined for study. This structure consists of three main aspects: the purpose and hypothesis, modeling, model achievements. Considering this structure, the 5-step framework was created for the study. Three pubmed, science direct, and EMBASE databases were selected for search and an appropriate strategy for incorporating health related articles that utilized this technique was used. Data was extracted based on defined aspects, and categories were created based on their frequency. To analyze the extracted data from articles, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical methods and qualitative thematic analysis will be used.Advantages of the present study:-          this paper is the first study of Scope Review regarding the use of Decision-Fusion technology in health care.-          Reference frame questions aspects are designed as field-specific.-          To clarify the research questions, O'Malley Arksey's five-step framework was used in combination with Levac et al.enhancement.-          A classify scheme for the category of the aspects [for the categorization of the dimensions] was presented based on the frequency of their values.
Isompiin käsiin annettu
Authors: Lipponen Varpu , Karvinen Ikali
Published: January 2019

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata omaisten kokemuksia henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon toteutumisesta saattohoidossa. Tutkimus on jatkoa aikaisemmalle tutkimukselle (Lipponen & Karvinen 2014), jossa tutkijoiden mielenkiinnon kohteena olivat hoitohenkilökunnan kokemukset hengellisyydestä saattohoidossa. Omainen on usein vakavasti sairastuneen potilaan tärkein tukija. Kokonaisvaltaisen hoitotyön osa-alueena omaisen kokemuksia henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon toteutumisesta saattohoidossa ei kuitenkaan Suomessa ole aikaisemmin tutkittu terveystieteissä. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu kahdentoista iältään 36–86-vuotiaan saattohoitokodissa tai sen toteuttamassa kotihoidossa hoidettavana olleen kuolevan potilaan omaisen kuvaamista kokemuksista. Aineisto kerättiin avoimina teemoitettuina yksilöhaastatteluina ja analysoitiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysilla. Analyysin tuloksena syntyi neljä pääluokkaa: omaisen vakaumus, henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon näyttämöt, henkistä ja hengellistä hoitoa edistävät sekä henkistä ja hengellistä hoitoa estävät tekijät. Tulosten mukaan omaisen vakaumus loi perustan, jolle kokemukset henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon toteutumisesta saattohoidossa rakentuivat. Vakaumus merkitsi joko henkisyyteen ja hengellisyyteen turvautumista tai oman uskon kyseenalaistamista. Henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon näyttämöinä kuvattiin sairaalasielunhoitajan, hoitajien sekä erilaisten ryhmien toteuttamia kuolevan saattamiseen ja kuoleman jälkeiseen henkiseen ja hengelliseen hoitoon liittyviä rituaaleja. Henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon toteutumista saattohoitovaiheessa edisti hienovarainen ja ihmisläheinen huolenpito potilaasta ja omaisista. Sen sijaan hoitohenkilökunnan asenteet ja kiire näyttäytyivät henkisen ja hengellisen hoidon toteutumisen esteinä. Tutkimustulosten valossa läheisen ihmisen vakava sairaus on vaativinta aikaa elämässä. Ei ole yhdentekevää, millainen kuva lapselle tai puolisolle välittyy kuolevan kokonaisvaltaisesta hoidosta. Onnistuessaan henkinen ja hengellinen hoito voi olla omaisen terveyttä edistävää ja ennaltaehkäisevää myös saattohoidossa.
Maailmanuskonnot naisnäkökulmasta
Authors: Sakaranaho Tuula , Karhunen Katri
Published: January 2019

Viime vuosina on uskontotieteessä käyty kiivasta keskustelua siitä, miten maailman uskontoperinteitä tulisi tutkia ja opettaa. Kritiikin kohteena on ollut länsimaalaiskeskeinen ja historiaton lähestymistapa uskontoihin selvärajaisina ja selvästi toisistaan erottuvina perinteinä. Vähemmälle huomiolle tässä keskustelussa on jäänyt naisnäkökulmasta tuotettu feministinen tutkimus, joka on kyseenalaistanut monia vakiintuneita käsityksiä uskonnontutkimuksessa. Tässä artikkelissa tarjoamme yhdenlaisen tavan lähestyä maailman uskontoperinteitä ottamalla lähtökohdaksi Ninian Smartin uskontojen ulottuvuudet ja tarkastelemalla niitä naisnäkökulmasta. Artikkeli on luonteeltaan johdatusta aiheeseen, josta on kirjoitettu runsain mitoin. Aiheeseen johdattelevana artikkelina katamme tietyn osan tutkimuksen kenttää, ja lukija voi täydentää kokonaiskuvaa oman kiinnostuksensa ja tietämyksensä mukaan.
Muuta kirjastoja, muutat yhteiskuntia – IFLA 2018 Kuala Lumpurissa
Authors: Saarti Jarmo , Heikkinen Risto
Published: January 2019

Vuoden 2018 IFLA konferenssi pidettiin Kuala Lumpurissa, Malesiassa. Paikalle oli kokoontunut reilu 3500 konferenssivierasta yli sadasta maasta. Erilaisia tapahtumakokonaisuuksia oli liki kolmesataa aihekohtaisista sessioista toimielinten tapaamisiin ja lyhyisiin seitsemän minuutin lightning talks -pikaesitelmien kokonaisuuksiin. Lisäksi vielä epäviralliset tapahtumat ja vierailut suuren metropolin kirjastoihin ja nähtävyyksiin täyttivät nopeasti vierailijan kalenterin.
Yliopistokirjastoa kehittämässä Eritreassa – Oppimisen paikka osallistujille
Authors: Helminen Päivi
Published: January 2019

Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto osallistui vuosina 2015–2018 Ulkoministeriön rahoittamaan Eritrea Specific HEI ICI -ohjelmaan, jossa suomalaisten ja eritrealaisten korkeakoulujen yhteistyönä kehitettiin opetusta Eritrean korkeakouluissa. Kirjaston koordinoimassa hankkeessa kehitettiin digitaalista kirjastoa ja kirjastoautomaatiota. Hanke tarjosi monipuolisesti oppimismahdollisuuksia sekä eritrealaisille että suomalaisille osallistujille.
WAU:TA WU:SSA – LIBER LAG 2018
Authors: Heikkinen Risto , Puustinen Marjatta , Pöytälaakso-Koistinen Suvipäivi , Toukonen Jonna
Published: January 2019

Kirjoittajat osallistuivat Liberin arkkitehtuuriryhmän järjestämään liber lag -seminaariin Itävallassa Wienissä 18.–20.4.2018. Seminaarissa esiteltiin arkkitehtonisiksi maamerkeiksi suunniteltuja vaikuttavia kirjastorakennuksia, mutta joukkoon mahtui myös vanhojen rakennusten uudistusprojekteja. Kautta esitysten punaisena lankana kulki pohdinta siitä, meneekö muoto käyttötarkoituksen edelle (”form over function”) vai voiko arkkitehtoninen maamerkki olla myös käytännöllinen? Seminaari huipentui käyttäjäkokemusten ja -näkökulman korostamiseen: rakennus voidaan suunnitella monumentiksi, mutta tilan tärkein tehtävä on palvella sen käyttäjiä.
Comparative Study of the Endocrine Disorders of Βeta-Thalassemia Major Patients and Control Group in Duhok Province
Authors: Ali Ghorbat S. , Jubrial Amad M.S. , Najeeb Malika K. , Al hussein Hamdia Y.I.
Published: January 2019

Beta- thalassemia major  is a type of inherited blood disorder, characterized by impaired  synthesis of the beta chains. Currently, blood transfusion and sufficient iron chelation therapy are important for treatment and follow up of thalassemia patients. Unfortunately, repeated blood transfusion causes the progressive iron overload. Consequently, the excess iron is deposited as hemosiderin and ferritin in the tissues and multiple endocrine complications. In comparison with healthy control group, the results indicated significant (p<0.05) increased TSH level (3.86 ± 2.7 1µIU/ml), whereas the serum level of T4 hormone did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the thalassemia patients, 23.68% (9/38) had subclinical hypothyroidism. The mean level of estradiol in patients (30.60± 14.68pg/ml) is high significant (p< 0.01) decreased that compared with the control persons (13.83 ± 9.06 pg/ml) more than 13 years. Testosterone level in patients was significantly different (P< 0.001) respectively from the control group.  The mean of testosterone level was 1.22± 0.83 ng/ml  in thalassemia patients and 3.71± 1.32ng/ml in control group more than 14 years. These results indicate high prevalence hypothyroidism and puberty defection. Endocrine drugs supplementation is a safe for patients which have each type of endocrine disorders.
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Food Handlers in Duhok City
Authors: Abdulrahman Masood A. , Taher Arazoo I.
Published: January 2019

Food handlers harbouring S. aureus on their noses or in hands are considered as the main source of food contamination. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is a serious issue. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus among food handlers in restaurants of Duhok city. Nasal and hand swabs were taken from 200 food handlers. The collected swabs inoculated on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48h. Isolates identified as S. aureus underwent antimicrobial sensitivity testing to methicillin and vancomycin on Mueller Hinton agar. A total of 74 (37%) out of 200 cultures of food handlers were found to be colonized with S. aureus.53 (26.5%) isolated from the nose, compared with 8 (4.0%) from hands and 13 (6.5%) from both. 27% of the food handlers were found to be MRSA carrier, and none of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycin. The study revealed a high prevalence of MRSA among food handlers in Duhok city. Food handlers in public places are required to go through regular screening for both nasal and skin carriage of S. aureusfor the early detection and treatment of carriers. So as to protect the community from staphylococcal food poisoning and the spread of resistant S. aureus strains among the population.
Study the Effects of Reactive Materials Replacement on Some Properties of Cement Mortar
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Mohammed Jawad Raeid K. , Kamal Hamza M.
Published: January 2019

This study involves natural--materials replacement and its reaction with cement mortar behavior for many mortar samples under variable curing time with constant water to cement ratio (W/C = 0.5).In this researchsomeproperties such as (compressive strength the surface hardness and water absorption test), were affected by adding small ratios ofpowder (from (RHA) and (BRP) particles)as replacements to the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) / type (I). The percentages of natural materials additives replacement on the mixture of mortar include (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) with constant (W/C) ratio. Also the amount of the fine aggregate used was three times the amount of cement. The results showed that, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength and water absorption of the mortars for (replacement) gives better properties than mortar without replacement in all tests. Best enhancements in properties for mortars with pozzalanic replacements were achieved at (15%) for (RHA) and 10% for (RBP) replacement from weight of cement.
Fungal Contamination of Airconditioner Units in Five Hospitals of Erbil Province- Kurdistan Region /Iraq
Authors: Al-Bader Salah M. , Ismael Layla Q. , Ahmood Asaad A.
Published: January 2019

During April 2018, 75samples were collected from five hospitals in Erbil city. Samples were taken by sterile cotton swabs from the air dispenser window  of air conditioner units  (ACU) . They were cultured directly on Sabouraud's dextrose agar incubated at 25oC ±2. The samples were collected from five departments  in each hospital include out-patient ward (OP),in-patient ward (IP), emergency room (ER), intensive care unit(ICU), and operation theater (OT). A total of (410) fungal colonies were counted, they belong to13 genera include ten  hyphomycetes  and only one of zygomycetes ,basidiomycetes , and hemiascomycetes. Penicillium  represented in the highest  total occurrence (40%) followed by Aspergillus(38.66%) and Alternaria  (21.33%). The total frequency showed that Candidawas the highest (30%) followed by Penicillium(27.56%) and Aspergillus(13.17%). The highest density of filamentous fungi (no. of colony/sample) was detected in OP=16.75, and the lowest in OT=1.5. The diversity of isolates  showed that ( 9) genera were recorded from ER(60%)  and only one in OP (6%). All recorded genera in current study were regarded as indoor air pollutants. The predominant genera  Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium ,Cladosporiumand Candida are  well-known allergens and may cause  several pulmonary disorders  as well as fetal infections in particular cases.