bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of Optimization for Target Localization Model Parameters Based on LSSVR
Authors: He Xue Wen , Liu Gui Xiong , Zhu Hai Bing , Zhang Xiao Ping
Published: July 2011

Aiming at improving localization accuracy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on Least Square Support Vector Regression (LSSVR), making LSSVR localization method more practicable, the mechanism of effects of the kernel function for target localization based on LSSVR is discussed based on the mathematical solution process of LSSVR localization method. A novel method of modeling parameters optimization for LSSVR model using particle swarm optimization is proposed. Construction method of fitness function for modeling parameters optimization is researched. In addition, the characteristics of particle swarm parameters optimization are analyzed. The computational complexity of parameters optimization is taken into consideration comprehensively. Experiments of target localization based on CC2430 show that localization accuracy using LSSVR method with modeling parameters optimization increased by 23%~36% in compare with the maximum likelihood method(MLE) and the localization error is close to the minimum with different LSSVR modeling parameters. Experimental results show that adapting a reasonable fitness function for modeling parameters optimization using particle swarm optimization could enhance the anti-noise ability significantly and improve the LSSVR localization performance.
Compensation Research of the Thin Film Absorption in Thin-Film Thickness Wideband Monitoring System
Authors: Shang Xiao Yan , Han Jun , Kun Ying Xiu
Published: July 2011

During the course of thin film deposition,the thin-film thickness wideband monitoring system is utilized,the correction of thickness monitoring depends on overlapping stage of the theoretical transmittance curve and the measured one. The absorption of thin-film material results in the measured spectrum curve deviation from the theoretical spectrum curve. A method in software brings forward, namely before the next layer will be deposited, its theoretical transmittance curve is corrected so that the absorption of layers which have been deposited has no effect on this layer, as such, the theoretical transmittance curve of the layer which will be deposited is corrected until the deposition ends.By experiment, the monitoring error of thin-film thickness is less than 10-3, the result indicates that this method can satisfy the practical requirement.
Composite Morphological Approach for Skeleton Extraction
Authors: Zhu Hong Bo , Xu Xue Jun , Chen Xue Song , Jiang Shao Hua
Published: July 2011

Image processing toolbox of Matlab provides a morphological skeletonization operator. But this function is sensitive to noises. The aliasing shape's skeleton computed by this operator involves many extra branches. In order to eliminate the influence of aliasing noises, a combined method is introduced. The method combines the morphological thinning and skeletonization operators, and takes their advantages. It is not sensitive to noises, and can eliminate the extra branches.
Study of Thermo-Chemical Non-Equilibrium Phenomena behind Strong Shock Waves at Atmospheric Reentry
Authors: Allouche R. , Haoui R. , Parisse J.D. , Renane R.
Published: July 2011

This work consists of the numerical simulation of high enthalpy flows. The numerical model is governed by Euler equations and supplemented by the equations of the chemical kinetics modeling the phenomena of the chemical air components in a non-equilibrium state. The finite differences method is used for numerical simulations, the phenomena of a hypersonic flow one-dimensional reactive, non-viscous, chemical non-equilibrium is developed taking into account the physicochemical phenomena like the vibration, the dissociation of the diatomic molecules, the ionization of molecules and the formed atoms of chemical species to higher temperatures which appear behind a strong shock detached and evolve according to time in a relaxation range until to reach the equilibrium state. We are interesting in particular on the temperature effect in ionization of the atoms and the molecules.
Thermomechanical Couplings in Aircraft Tire Rolling/Sliding Modeling
Authors: Kongo Kondé Ange , Rosu Iulian , Lebon F. , Seguin L. , Brardo Olivier , Troude Florian , Devésa Bernard
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a finite element model for the simulation of aircraft tire rolling. Large deformations, material incompressibility, heterogeneities of the material, unilateral contact with Coulomb friction law are taken into account. The numerical model will allow estimating the forces in the contact patch - even in critical and extreme conditions for the aircraft safety and security. We show the influence of loading parameters (vertical load, velocity, inflating pressure) and slip angle on the Self Aligning torque and on the lateral friction coefficient. A friction coefficient law corresponding to Chichinadze model is considered to take into account thermal effects in the aircraft tire model behaviour.
Reliability-Based Design and Heuristic Optimization MPSO-SA of Structures
Authors: Elhami Norelislam , Itmi Mhamed , Ellaia Rachid
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we present a probability study about spring of clutch structure. In the structure problems, the randomness and the uncertainties of the distribution of the structural parameters are a crucial problem. In the case of Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO), it is the objective is to play a dominant role in the structural optimization problem introducing the reliability concept. The RBDO problem is often formulated as a minimization of the initial structural cost under constraints imposed on the values of elemental reliability indices corresponding to various limit states. This paper proposes a new method for a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSO) combined with a simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and RBDO. MPSO is known as an efficient approach with a high performance of solving optimization problems in many research fields. It is a population intelligence algorithm inspired by social behavior simulations of bird flocking. Numerical results show the robustness of the MPSO-SA algorithm and RBDO.
Degradation Characteristics of Inconel738LC with Thermal Exposure
Authors: Yoo Keun Bong , Lee Han Sang , Song Kyu So
Published: July 2011

Gas turbine components operated by hot combustion gas undergo material degradation due to the thermal cycle by daily startup and shutdown. The failure mechanism of the hot gas components is accompanied by degradation in the properties of high temperature strength and creep rupture time. Many hot gas components in gas turbines are made of Ni-based superalloy because of their high temperature performance. In this work, we survey the time and temperature dependent degradation of Ni-based superalloy. We prepared specimens from Inconel738LC that were then exposed at 871~982°C in 1,000~5,000hours. We carried out stress-rupture tests and microstructural investigation.
Effects of High Temperature Deformation and Thermal Exposure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Co-Based Superalloy
Authors: Lee Han Sang , Yoo Keun Bong , Song Kyu So , Lee Kyu Ho
Published: July 2011

The gas turbine components operated in hot combustion gas undergo material degradation due to the thermal cycles. The failure mechanism of the hot gas components would be accompanied by material degradation in the properties of high temperature strength and creep rupture time. Many stationary parts in gas turbine are made of Co-based superalloy because of their high temperature performance. In this work, we survey the time and temperature dependent degradation of Co-based superalloy. We prepared the specimens of Co-based superalloy ECY768 that are exposed at 871 and 982 oC in 1000 ~ 5000 hours. We carried out the mechanical test and microstructural observation.
Integrity Evaluation and Dynamic Behavior of Radioactive Material Transport Cask under Drop Impact
Authors: Lee Young Shin , Lee Hyun Seung , Chung Sung Hwan
Published: July 2011

Radioactive waste is shipped in casks designed to prevent the release of the radioactive material into the environment in normal accidental conditions. So, the cask must maintain its integrity such as shielding characteristics and leak tightness after the 9m free drop. In this paper, we consider several types of radioactive material transport casks. The drop scenarios for the integrity evaluation are 6 drop cases. The dynamic analysis is performed by applying the various free drop angle of cask for research the dynamic impact behavior and integrity evaluation of a radioactive material transport cask. As a results of impact drop analysis on radioactive material transport cask, the container maintain structural integrity evaluation in 9 meter free drop conditions.
Failure Mechanisms of Cartilage-on-Bone Tissues and the Influence of Loading History
Authors: Turley Sean , Thambyah Ashvin , Firth Elwyn , Broom Neil
Published: July 2011

The fetlock of the horse is a high impact weight bearing articulating joint. Its unique anatomy and kinematics during locomotion lead to site-specific variation of stresses within the joint and possible adaptations of the joint tissues to such specific loading histories. This study therefore seeks to determine the variations in cartilage-bone tissue morphology, and the respective tissue vulnerability to impact-induced microdamage, in different regions within the fetlock joint.
Nanoindentation of Individual ZnO Nano-/Micro-Rod
Authors: Yan Ian , Adschiri Tadafumi , Schirer Jeffrey P. , Gao Wei
Published: July 2011

The mechanical properties of the single ZnO nano-/micro-rod were studied using nanoindentation. The nanoindentation measurements were carried directly on these ZnO crystals on glass substrate without any further treatment. The hardness and Young’s modulus of the polar (0001) and nonpolar (011 ̅0) faces were tested and the results demonstrate a face dependence variation in both properties. The mechanical behaviour of the ZnO nano/micro-rod is discussed in conjunction with its morphology, structure and defect effects.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti-Mo-Zr Alloy
Authors: Zhang X.N. , Cao Peng
Published: July 2011

Recently there is increasing demand for the development of new -type titanium with a low elastic modulus for surgical orthopaedic implant applications. In this paper, we developed a new Ti-Mo-Zr alloy based on the d-electron alloy design theory. The designed Ti-12Mo-5Zr (at%) alloy was then produced using ingot metallurgy and evaluated pertaining to the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The alloy exhibited a relatively low Young’s modulus similar to some typical  orthopaedic titanium alloys. Yield strength, tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the alloy decreased after solid solution treatment. The mechanism by which heat treatment affects the mechanical properties is discussed.
Cracking and Mechanical Strength of NaOH-Slag Geopolymers
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: July 2011

The effect of the curing temperature and NaOH content on cracking tendency and compressive strength for NaOH-slag geopolymers is reported in relation to 29Si and MAS NMR structural analyses and XRD phase quantitative analysis.
Fatigue Strength of Ultrafine Grained Copper Treated by Post-ECAP Mild Annealing
Authors: Goto Masahiro , Nakashima Kazuya , Han Seung Zeon , Yokoho Yuji , Euh Kwang Jun , Kawagoishi Norio
Published: July 2011

In order to study the effect of post-ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) mild annealing treatment on fatigue strength of ultrafine grained (UFG) copper, the stress-controlled fatigue tests of UFG copper with and without post-ECAP annealing treatment were performed for a wide range of fatigue life. The evolution of surface damage and growth behavior of surface cracks were monitored by plastic replication technique. The effect of post-ECAP annealing on the fatigue strength was discussed through the observation of changes in surface morphological features.
Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-Cr Porous Preform Reinforced Al-Based Composites by Low Infiltration Method
Authors: Rong Hua Wei , Park Cheol Hong , Park Won Jo , Yoon Han Ki
Published: July 2011

With the rapid development of aerospace and automobile industries, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have attracted much attention because of its excellent performance. In this paper, Ni-Cr/AC8A composites reinforced with porous Ni-Cr preform were manufactured by low pressure infiltration process, infiltration temperatures are 700oC~850oC. The microstructure and phase composition of composites were evaluated using optical microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electro-probe microanalysis (EPMA), It's found that they're intermetallic compounds generated in the composites. Recently, intermetallic compounds have attracted much attention as high-temperature material. We study the hardness of Ni-Cr/AC8A composites, the results show the Ni-Cr/AC8A composite has high hardness due to the intermetallic compounds exist.
Fatigue Behavior of Weld-Repaired High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Zhang Chun Guo , van der Vyver Stefan , Hu Xiao Zhi
Published: July 2011

Fatigue crack growth properties of Bisplate 80, a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, with extensive weld repair have been studied. Fatigue cracking becomes relevant if extensive abrasive wear damage is repaired through welding because of the change in material properties. In this study, extended compact tension (E-CT) specimens of Bisplate 80 with and without weld repair, and with and without a buffer layer between the weld and parent material are used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. Fatigue crack growth rates are closely monitored at the interface regions between the weld, buffer layer and parent metal. Detailed SEM observations are also conducted at those locations. It is expected that the experimental results can provide useful information on the optimum weld repair conditions of HSLA.
An Analysis of the Bonding Energy through Pull-Out Tests for Aerated Concrete with Various Steel Strip Geometries
Authors: Alterman Dariusz , Vilches Juan , Neitzert Thomas Rainer
Published: July 2011

The relationship between various steel strip geometries and the bonding energy through pull-out tests of aerated concrete specimens is investigated. Prismatic concrete samples containing embedded steel strips with and without holes of differing sizes and quantities were analysed. Improvements of the bonding energy through pull-out tests by 70% are possible by increasing the number of holes on a steel strip from one to four while maintaining a constant surface area. The energy increased even up to 130% for strips containing holes compared to strips without. In addition, the tests have been carried out with a novel easy to assemble set-up containing a freely adjustable ball-joint and a plate with embedded bolts to avoid eccentricity during pull-out tests.
Study of Local Failure of a Multi-Plate Arch Bridge by Numerical Modeling
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Xiang Tao
Published: July 2011

An old multi-plate arch bridge (arch bridge) was built at a busy mining site for mine transportation in Western Australia in the early 1970s. After operation for more than 30 years, large deformations were noticed at the openings of two steel plate arches out the four at one side of the bridge. Site survey and inspection were carried, showing some corrosion and large deformation at the eastern end of the middle two arches of the bridge. This paper presents a simplified 2D finite element analysis (FEA) for predicting and evaluating the excessive deformation of the aged plates of the bridge. The finite element analysis results are consistent with the survey data for the deformed shape. It is found that the local failure was mainly caused by inadequate engineering design of skewed bridge a structure under the heavy traffic loads from iron ore mining trains on top of it.
Assembly Deformation and Stresses of Compliant Structures
Authors: Dong Chen Song , Kang Lu
Published: July 2011

Compliant components such as large sheet metal components are commonly used in various products including automotive, aircraft and home appliances. Because of part-to-part variations, deformation and stresses are induced in the assembly process. An approach to the assembly tolerance analysis of compliant structures is presented in this paper. Given component deformation, assembly deformation and stresses are derived by finite element analysis (FEA). The influence of component deformation on assembly deformation and stresses is studied by response surface methodology (RSM), and a regression model is developed. Using the developed regression model, Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to study assembly tolerance and stresses. This approach is illustrated by an example.
Effect of Tool Speeds during Friction Stir Lap Welding on Mode of Fracture and Fracture Strength of Al 6060-T5 Joints
Authors: Yazdanian Shamzin , Chen Zhan W. , Littlefair Guy
Published: July 2011

Friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of an age hardened Al alloy and evaluations of how FS speeds affected hooking and how hooking and softening due to FS affected fracture strength of the lap welds have been conducted. It was found that increasing rotation speed () and reducing welding speed (v) increased the stir zone size (AB-SZ) and also hook size (h), although a maximum value of h (hMax) reached. The features of hooks for the observed (,v)- AB-SZ-h relationships are presented and explained. It was found that when h increased to a value of ~ 0.9 mm (for the 3 mm alloy sheets), it started to invoke a significant effect on reducing fracture strength. Factors such as FS softening and insufficient joining, limited the fracture strength of the lap welds for small h values and these are presented and discussed.
Stress and Vibration Analysis of Motor Back Plate in HDD
Authors: Heo Geun Sub , Kang Oh Hyun , Park Cheol Woo , Lee Sang Ryong , Lee Choon Young
Published: July 2011

In the present study, we have simulated stress characteristics and vibration modes in the back plate of head-stack driving motor of 2.5 inch small sized hard disk drives (HDDs). The magnets in head-stack driving motor have large magnetic fields, and therefore, the resulting large force may induce fracture and deformation in the back plate of the motor. Since the high-speed motion of head-stack motor generates high frequency vibration, we analyzed the vibration mode to avoid resonant frequency. ANSYS software was used in this study to check the deformation of back plate with the following design parameters: thickness of plate, the number of support beams, and the width of support beams. From the vibration mode analysis, we obtained a stable plate shape whose operating frequency is off the resonant frequency.
Hydrogen Gettering within Processed Oxygen-Implanted Silicon
Authors: Misiuk Andrzej , Barcz Adam , Bak-Misiuk Jadwiga , Ulyashin Alexander G. , Romanowski Przemyslaw
Published: July 2011

Hydrogen gettering by implantation-disturbed buried layers in oxygen-implanted silicon (Si:O, prepared by O2+ implantation at energy 200 keV and doses 1014 cm-2 and 1017 cm-2) was investigated after annealing of Si:O at up to 1570 K, also under enhanced hydrostatic pressure, up to 1.2 GPa. Depending on processing conditions, buried layers containing SiO2-x clusters and/or precipitates were formed. To produce Si:O,H, Si:O samples were subsequently treated in RF hydrogen plasma. As determined by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, hydrogen was accumulated at the sample surface and within implantation-disturbed areas. It was still present in Si:O,H (D=1017 cm–2) even after subsequent annealing at up to 873 K. Hydrogen accumulation within disturbed areas of Si:O as well as of SOI can be used for recognition of defects in such structures.
Some Issues of Modeling the Double Barrier Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Tunnel Structures
Authors: Majkusiak Bodgan , Mazurak Andrzej
Published: July 2011

The paper discusses some issues of modeling the MOS tunnel structure with a gate stack containing a semiconductor quantum well (double barrier MOS system). The considerations are illustrated by simulations with the use of a theoretical model. Results of simulations are compared with experimental characteristics of fabricated DB MOS diodes.
Slowly Relaxing Structural Defects of Zinc Films with Excited States Induced by Ion Recombination Processes
Authors: Obara Masumi , Hamasaki Mitusgi , Obara Kozo , Manaka Hirotaka
Published: July 2011

In this paper we present experimental results with the ion recombination process in the vapor phase growth method. We consider the growth process of only one element case, Zinc, because of the clarification of the change of electron states in the element, not the entropy effect due to different elements. The advantages of using the ion recombination process are the following; 1) controllability of total energy, 2) the highest quenching rate, 3) locality of the collision. The total energy of the ion system was below 240 eV. Zn-ions exist on the growth front surface and Zn+ones impinge to the growth surface from the vapor phase. The crystal structures of deposited zinc films are measured with the XRD system. Very strong diffuse scattering intensity of x-ray diffraction was observed at 10 eV, 90 eV, 100 eV and 230 eV after seven months “annealing” in room temperature from the preparation. These experimental facts suggest the effectiveness of the application of the excitation process of the inner core electron system as a new advanced material process. In this process, the ion recombination process and the existence of a metastable state are essentially important factors.
Prediction of Mechanical Behaviour in Ni-Base Superalloys Using the Phase Field Model of Dislocations
Authors: Vorontsov V.A. , Voskoboinikov R.E. , Rae Catherine M.F.
Published: July 2011

The “Phase-Field Model of Dislocations” (PFMD) was used to simulate shearing of gamma-prime precipitate arrays in single crystal turbine blade superalloys. The focus of the work has been on the cutting of the L12 ordered precipitates by a<112>{111} dislocation ribbons during Primary Creep. The Phase Field Model presented incorporates specially developed Generalised Stacking Fault Energy (–surface) data obtained from atomistic simulations. The topography of this surface determines the shearing mechanisms observed in the model. The merit of the new –surface, is that it accounts for the formation of extrinsic stacking faults, making the model more relevant to creep deformation of superalloys at elevated temperatures.
Behaviour of Ni-Based Alloys for Fossil-Fired Power Plant Components in the Long-Term Creep Regime
Authors: Speicher Magdalena , Klenk Andreas , Maile Karl , Roos Eberhard
Published: July 2011

High efficiency steam power plants are planned to operate at temperatures higher than 700°C and at a pressure of up to 350 bar. Due to this increase of the steam parameters, Ni-based alloys are required for constructing these plants. Materials testing - based on appropriate manufacturing and design criteria - is necessary in order to have a reliable data base of the relevant design characteristics. Additionally, a better understanding of the specific material behaviour under service like loading conditions for the evaluation of possible damage mechanisms is essential. This paper describes research on the behaviour of thick-walled power plant components made of Alloy 617 mod. and Alloy 263. Results from basic qualification programs with standard specimens including welded joints show the applicability of the materials. Results from creep rupture tests of base material and welded joints and microstructural investigations to obtain information on precipitations and dislocations in the virgin and aged conditions are presented. Information on the influence of chemical composition on creep rupture was obtained by analysing creep rupture data sets.
Hot Isostatic Pressing Improves the Quality of the Blades from Nickel Base Superalloys for Turbine Engines
Authors: Razumovskii Igor M. , Tikhonov Albert A. , Marinin S.F. , Logunov A.V. , Beresnev A.G.
Published: July 2011

Typical defects of the cast engine blades from Ni base superalloys in the as-cast state and after long operation were investigated: the cast porosity, internal and external microcracs. The initial cast porosity and voids, which have appeared during long operation, reduce the fatigue and other service characteristics of the blades from Ni base superalloys. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) reduces the size and number of micropores in the cast blades from Ni base superalloys with a polycrystalline (alloy GS6U) and single crystal (alloy GS32) structures. As a result, HIP improves the mechanical properties of the blades. Application of the HIP, together with the standard heat treatment in the renovation of the blades after long operation can provide a virtually complete restoration of their structure and efficiency.
A Facile Route to Prepare Hydrophilic Copper Nanoparticles and their Thermal Conductivities
Authors: Li Dan
Published: July 2011

Well-dispersed and hydrophilic copper nanoparticles have been synthesized from an organometallic precursor in an organic (or oil) phase. There are two layers coated on the surface of the copper nanoparticles. The coating layer can not be dissolved or rinsed off by organic media. The changing of viscosity and enhancement of the thermal conductivity of copper nanofluids is also presented.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Zn(C14H12N2)(HCO2)2]•2H2O
Authors: Ni Sheng Liang , Meng Yue , Tang Pei Song
Published: July 2011

Reactions of a freshly prepared Zn(OH)2-2x(CO3)x×yH2O precipitate, formic acid with 2,9’-dimethyl-1,10’-phenanthroline in CH3OH/H2O afforded [Zn(C14H12N2)(HCO2)2]·2H2O. The title compound was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. It consists of complex molecules [Zn(C14H12N2)(HCO2)2] in which Zn atoms are hexa-coordinated by two N atoms of one phenanthroline ligand and four O atoms of two bidentate formate groups. In the crystal, molecules are connected by O–H···O hydrogen bonds forming layers parallel to (010), and the resulting layers are further linked 3D framework along [100] by π-π packing interactions.
Analysis of Shear Stress of Two Elasto-Plastic Random Surfaces
Authors: Lai Lian Feng , Gao Cheng Hui , Huang Jian Meng
Published: July 2011

A FEA model of two-dimensional (2D) sliding between two interfering fractal rough solids was build, and the results was presented. The trends in shear stress between the rough solids were provided by the FEA. Combined with the delaminating theory of wear, the Maximum shear stresses and its distance are presented when loading and sliding. The result showed that the Maximum shear stresses was located in the subsurface which range about 2 to 8 um from the surface. In addition, with different plastic characteristics, the location of Maximum shear stresses were different. With modeling the contact and sliding between rough surfaces, the friction, sub-surface crack initiation and propagation and wear mechanisms can be understood deeply.
Computer Aided Design of Technology and Die for the Shoe Toe
Authors: Fan Xiao Hong , Yuan Zheng Jun , Li Jing , Xu Bin
Published: July 2011

A three-dimensional(3D) model of the shoe toe is established by the CACX and UG software in this paper. Then the process analysis and calculations of the product are done with DYNAFORM software. The most reasonable technology scheme and the related die construction are determined in the end.
A Fine Atomization CMP Slurry for Copper
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ni Zi Feng , Li Qing Zhong
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a kind of alkaline slurry was introduced, in which silica was used as the abrasive, H2O2 was used as the oxidize, glycine was used as the complexing agent, azimidobenzene was used as the surfactant, and borax was used as the pH regulator. The atomization polishing method was used, and the effects of the traditional polishing and atomization polishing were compared. After the atomization polishing, the surface roughness of copper was 7.61 nm and the material removal rate was 188 nm/min; After the traditional polishing, the surface roughness was 15.22 nm and the material removal rate was 236 nm/min. The dosage of polishing slurry used in the atomization polishing is dozens of times less than that in the traditional polishing.
The Temperature Calculation of Axisymmetric Multilayer Cylinder
Authors: Li Yu
Published: July 2011

A general temperature calculation method of axisymmetric multilayer cylinder was deduced according to the axisymmetric heat conduction of cylinder. Four types of combined boundary conditions were summarized, and temperature computational formulas of axisymmetrical monolayer cylinder were formed under each type. The intermediate interface temperatures and radial stresses of axisymmetrical multilayer cylinder satisfy tridiagonal linear system of eouations, which can be solved with pursuit method. The calculation method is applied universally. Meanwhile, the corresponding calculating program was developed.
A Feature Recognition Approach with Fuzzy ART Neural Network
Authors: Lu Cong , Zha Jun
Published: July 2011

This paper proposes a feature recognition approach from a boundary representation solid model with Fuzzy ART neural network. To recognize the feature efficiently, some key technologies in Fuzzy ART neural network are used. The influence of the vigilance parameter on feature recognition is studied, and two learning modes, fast learning and slow learning are adopted and compared in feature recognition. Finally, a case study is given to verify the proposed approach.
Fractional PIλDμ Control for Steer-by-Wire System
Authors: Tian Jie , Wu Jin , Chen Ning
Published: July 2011

According to the design demands of the steer-by-wire system, a PIlDm controller based on fractional calculus was proposed. Aligning controller and steering controller were respectively designed to achieve the aligning and steering function of the front wheel steering module, which can ensure the robust of the steer-by-wire system during the special ranges of frequency. The five design parameters of fractional PIlDm controller were achieved by optimization method. Oustaloup method was used to approximate the fractional PIlDm controller and simulation model was achieved, which can be used in Matlab/Simulink. Computational simulations of the control system were carried out and simulation results showed the effectiveness of the control method to improve the robust of the steering-by-wire system.
Synthesis of Single-Phased BaTi2O5 Powders by Arc-Melting
Authors: Peng Jian , Wang Chuan Bin , Li Ling , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: July 2011

Arc-melting was employed to synthesize BaTi2O5 powders by fast melting the reagent mixture of BaCO3 and TiO2 with different molar ratios (0.90~1.05:2). The influence of molar ratios of BaCO3 to TiO2 on the phase of the powders derived from arc-melting was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. When the molar ratio was larger than 0.95:2, a little amount of Ba-rich compound Ba2TiO4 was produced besides the main phase of BaTi2O5. Ti-rich compound Ba6Ti17O40, BaTi2O9 and TiO2 began to appear at the ratios ranging from 0.90:2 to 0.95:2. Single-phased BaTi2O5 powders were obtained by arc-melting the reagent mixture with the molar ratio of 0.95:2.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Si3N4/TiC Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Material
Authors: Lü Zhi Jie , Zhao Jun , Wang Wei Min
Published: July 2011

Si3N4/TiC nanocomposite cutting tool materials were fabricated by adding Si3N4 and Al2O3 nanocomposites with Al2O3 and Y2O3 as additives. The microstructures of materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and then wear resistance of Si3N4/TiC nanocomposite cutting tool materials was studied when machining cast iron and quenched steel in continuous dry turning experiments. Micrographs of the worn tools materials were observed with SEM. Results showed that TiC nanoparticles distribute in the matrix grains and lead to the crack deflection as well as crack pinning. Due to TiC nanoparticles and β-Si3N4 quasiwhiskers, the crack trajectories exhibited crack deflection, rod-like grain bridging and pull-out. Wear mode of Si3N4/TiC inserts is mainly abrasive wear with slighter adhesive wear when machining cast iron. The dominant wear patterns during the cutting of quenched steel were adhesion, abrasion, as well as oxidation and diffusion under high temperature.
Synthesis and Gas Sensitivity of SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ni Zi Feng , Chen Guo Mei , Ying Peng Zhan
Published: July 2011

Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles have been synthesized in bulk quantity by thermal evaporation of SnO powder. The x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the nanoparticles are the tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the size of the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles is relatively homogeneous with diameter of about 10 nm. Gas-sensing components have been manufactured with the SiO2 nanoparticles. Their performances indicate that it has high sensitivity and selectivity to LPG, and the max sensitivity appears at 280°C, compared with C2H5OH, H2, CO and CH4.
Research on Influence Factors of Cooling Tower Performance
Authors: Wang Meng Lei , Tian Zhe , Liu Kui Xing
Published: July 2011

The cooling tower is often overlooked in the air conditioning system, but it impacts on the heat dissipation of system. This paper tests and researches the influence factors of cooling tower performance. First, we analyzed the cooling tower efficiency, cooling capacity and others of an actual air conditioning system. Then we studied the relationship between air/water ratio, inlet air quality and flow rate and the cooling tower performance. The results show that the air/water ratio have a linear relationship with the cooling tower efficiency, and the quality and the flow rate of inlet air have a greater impact on the cooling capacity and cooling water contrast method. This paper has an certain significance on the diagnosis and energy efficiency improvement of cooling towers.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis on the Heat Transfer of the Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger in Hydrous Soil
Authors: Huang Yi Yun , Zhang Ling , Chen Guang Ming , Han Xiao Hong
Published: July 2011

Based on the law of mass and energy conservation and the one-dimensional model of heat transfer, a heat and moisture transfer line source model for the ground-source heat pump system has been developed. Numerical simulation results in summer working conditioning indicate that the affect of moisture transfer in soil was mainly around the U-type tube. When the soil moisture content is high, the capacity of heat transfer in soil is good. The heat transfer capacity of the ground heat exchanger calculated by the model in this work is lower than those which are calculated by the common heat transfer model. When the initial soil moisture content is about 0.1, the difference calculated by the two model is about 18%.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of Casted Heat Exchanger in Non-Icing and Icing Conditions in Winter
Authors: Jie Yu , You Shi Jun , Zheng Xue Jing
Published: July 2011

A large number of seawater-source heat pump systems (SWHP) have been used in residential and commercial buildings in coastal areas due to the attractive advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. To overcome the disadvantages of the open loop SWHP in winter of cold regions, a closed loop SWHP system with casted heat exchanger (CHE) is presented in this paper. The CHE is consisted of pipes immersed in the seawater and used for transferring heat between the seawater and the heat exchanger pipes of the SWHP. In addition, two mathematical models that described heat transfer process of CHE in the icing and non-icing conditions in winter have been developed and validated by an experimental study. The temperature distributions along the CHE were compared between the experimental data and numerical simulation results. The relative error is less than 5%. As a result, application of SWHP systems with CHE in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.
Applications of Seawater Source Heat Pump in Buildings
Authors: Li Qing Yan , You Shi Jun , Zheng Xue Jing
Published: July 2011

In the area of using renewable energy, promoting the efficiency of seawater source heat pump plays an important part. Several nontraditional technologies are can be used in the new seawater source heat pump system. As for the intake system, infiltration intake technology is introduced, which can increase the supply temperature of sea water and thus raise the efficiency of the system. And as for the terminals, a new-style PVC low temperature water flowing radiant heating (LTWFRH) system is used to match the temperature characteristics of seawater source. After the optimization of the whole system, the seawater source heat pump can be more efficiency and thus saving more energy, considering the energy conservation effect of seawater source heat pump itself.
Environmental Geological Quality Evaluation of Shabaosi Gold Mine in Mohe City
Authors: Wang Nan , Cao J.F.
Published: July 2011

This paper has studied the main environmental geology problems about the Shabaosi gold mine by the way of the data used and investigation on the spot, the system is established in accordance with the components of the geology environment and evaluate this area’s environmental geology problems.
Reducing Vacant Houses Is More Important than the Implementation of Green Buildings
Authors: Sun Wang Hu , Xu Shu Chen , Li Li Sha
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this paper sets forth the various hazards of vacant rooms. By analyzing the phenomena of the Housing and relevant data, the paper demonstrates the urban and town housing in China is not in short supply in the aggregate and the discrepancy between housing supply and demand is due to the real estate market speculation and investment which have led to the massive housing vacancy. These vacant houses waste a lot of resources, impact the life of other inhabitants, impede the developing process of the city’s livability, distort the relationship between the supply and demand in the real estate market, and push up the house prices. Therefore, the reduction of vacant housing is more important than the implementation of green building, this conclusion, and vacant housing hazards and data are where the innovation of this article.
3B Rapid Transit: Yangzhou’s Ecology-Based Urban Development Research
Authors: Zhu Yu Jing
Published: July 2011

The paper considers the development and utilization of the Yangzhou’s Canal is not enough, the city's achievements in building a far cry from the once glorious, now can not meet the future transport planning has been far from development. This paper then made twenty creative pattern language to develop the city's green transport, including the characteristics of canal traffic and the bike and bus rapid transit system as the city's main mode of transport, to create a set of Boats, Buses, Bikes (3B Rapid Transit) in one of the three healthy, environmentally friendly urban transport network, reshaping the image of the city, another city of glory.
The Optimum Road Length in the Container Port
Authors: Li Shui Yu
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the optimum length formula, which is supposed to solve the jam problem by arranging the port road logically. The relation between the velocity-density-flow rate is applied as the theory basis for derivation of the optimum length. Three hypotheses are employed to smooth away the difficulty of time and space integration by using the geometric principle. The optimum road length in the container port roadway can provide valuable information for the port roadway design.
An Analysis on the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Facilities in Shanghai Expo
Authors: Zhao Xin
Published: July 2011

The energy conservation and emission reduction is a necessary part for China’s economic and social development, of which the energy conservation of the building is an important aspect. Taking the energy-saving examples from Shanghai Expo which just ended, this paper analyzes the energy conservation and environmental protection facilities in the architecture design in China.
Energy-Saving Measures of Architectural Design
Authors: Huang Yun Feng
Published: July 2011

This paper is to solve the current problem of high energy consumption in building. By careful analysis of relevant elements in planning and design, building design and equipment design, measures available for energy saving were concluded that combination of all the measures in practical engineering design can guarantee the energy-saving objective to be realized. What is special in this paper is that energy-saving elements in architectural design were systematically studied, that the wholeness of design was strengthened.
Analysis for Energy Savings Potential and Economics of Combined Air-Conditioning System with Temperature and Humidity Decoupled Treatment
Authors: Zhao Zhong Chao , Zhang Dong Hui , Chen Yu Ping
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the operation mechanism of combined air-conditioning system with temperature and humidity decoupled treatment (CACSTHDT) was presented, and the energy saving potential and economics of CACSTHDT were primarily analyzed through compared with a traditional air-conditioning system. The results indicated that CACSTHDT could save up to 28.64% energy consumption in comparison with a traditional air-conditioning system. The operating cost in one summer only was 71.36% of that cost of traditional air-conditioning system.
An Experimental Comparison of Compressive Strengths of Soils Stabilized with Enzyme and Ground Quicklime
Authors: Peng Hong Tao , Su Hai Tao , Zhang Xin Ping , Wang Jun
Published: July 2011

A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the difference of strengths of soils stabilized with enzyme and ground quicklime respectively. Perma-Zyme as an enzymatic soil stabilizer was used in this research. The analysis of the experimental data indicated that the type of soil and curing condition affected those treated with Perma-Zyme or ground quicklime significantly. Perma-Zyme can clearly improve the strengths of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil from 7 to 60 days of curing under air-dry condition, but had no significant effect on the strengths of silty loam under air-dry condition and those in sealed glass containers. Under the air-dry conditions, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were lower than those treated with Perma-Zyme at different ages. In sealed glass containers, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were higher than those treated with Perma-Zyme, because the water in specimens can not evaporate and can promote further hydration of the ground quicklime particles.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Enzyme and Portland Cement for Compressive Strengths of Stabilized Soils
Authors: Peng Hong Tao , Su Hai Tao , Zhang Xin Ping , Wang Jun
Published: July 2011

Portland cement can be used as soil stabilizer, but poses some problems such as dust pollution, consumption of fossil energy and relatively large amounts of calcium-rich raw materials. Enzyme as a soil enzymatic stabilizer is a natural organic compound and promising material to reduce the application of Portland cement. Perma-Zyme is one type of enzyme. The results of the study showed that soil type and curing method significantly affected the effectiveness of the treatments with Perma-Zyme and Composite Portland cement. Under the air-dry conditions, the unconfined compressive strengths of soils stabilized with Composite Portland cement were lower than those treated with Perma-Zyme at each age. In sealed glass containers, the unconfined compressive strengths of soils treated with Composite Portland cement were higher than those treated with Perma-Zyme. These results indicate that after compaction, the surface of soil stabilized with Portland cement should be moistened with a spray of some water or cover with materials (such as plastic sheet)，but the surface of soil stabilized with Perma-Zyme need not spray water and cover with materials in the actual project construction.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanostructures in Lonic Liquids
Authors: Zheng Ju Gong , Yang Ting
Published: July 2011

The dry chemical method is developed to fabricate CuO nanostructures via microwave assisted irradiation in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-ethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]). Both nanoparticles (20 nm in size) and nanorods (10-20 nm in diameter and 100-200 nm in length) of monoclinic CuO were obtained. The as samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SADE. The morphologies of the nanostructures can be controlled by the amount-tuning of NaOH and ionic liquids. The growth mechanism of CuO nanostructures is investigated.
Calculation and Analysis of the Water Environment Capacity for the Yuanhe River in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Mao Lan , Luo Bin , Zhou Wen Bin
Published: July 2011

Yuanhe River is a major source of drinking, irrigation, industrial, hydropower generation, and recreational water for the circumjacent city. It has more serious water pollution problems because it flows through some heavy industry cities. So basis of the river water environment functional zones combined the various water quality data and the monitoring hydrological data, the water environment capacity of the Yuanhe River was calculated by using the one-dimensional water quality model. The results show that the water environment capacity is 112650 t/yr for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 3265 t/yr for ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N). Most of the control units have residual water environment capacity, only individual control units have the serious water pollution and its residual capacity of COD and NH3-N is below 0, so it is necessary to strengthen the pollution control of these control units.
Modification of SNTHERM Albedo Algorithm and Response from Black Carbon in Snow
Authors: Dang Su Zhen , Liu Chang Ming
Published: July 2011

We carried out numerical experiments of snow accumulation and depletion as well as snow albedo for a SNOw pack TELemetry (SNOTEL) site, using a one-dimensinal energy and mass balance snow model (SNTHERM) and a two-stream, multi-layer Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation model (SNICAR). We developed SNTHERM_SNICAR model by replacing the snow albedo algorithm in SNTHERM with SNICAR algorithm, to improve understanding of snow accumulation and snowpack ablation processes and response from black carbon (BC) in snow. Model was tested against observed snow water equivalent (SWE) during the water year 2000 and 2002. Results show that both models do a very good job at predicting SWE, although underestimates and earlier melt-out happen. Snow albedo got from SNTHERM_SNICAR model is lower than that got from SNTHERM. Decrease in albedo, duo to BC mixed in snow, leads to faster snowmelt process and shorter duration of snow cover.
Effects of Soil Moisture Content on the Residual Strength of Two Plants Root-Soil Composites
Authors: Zhou Dan Dan , Liu Jing , Yao Xi Jun , Zhang Xin , Hu Ning
Published: July 2011

To study the effects of soil moisture content on the residual strength of root-soil composites and pure soil, the shear displacements of shear apparatus extend to 14mm. The results indicate that the residual strength of root-soil composites of two plants and pure soil increase at the beginning and then decrease, with increases of soil moisture content. When the residual strength reaches the maximum, the soil moisture content was about 10.77%.The residual strength of root-soil composites of Caragana microphylla Lam. and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. are both higher than pure soil under four kinds of soil moisture content, the variation tendency of cohesive strength of two plants and pure soil are similar with residual strength. The internal fiction angle decreases when soil moisture content increases.