bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Incidence of Hemophilia in the US
Authors: Dave Pallav
Published: June 2024

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that occurs because of deficiencies in coagulation proteins. The proteins involved are factor VIII and factor IX. Hemophilia A occurs when there is a deficiency of factor VIII. Hemophilia B, on the other hand, occurs when results when there is a deficiency of factor IX. Hemophilia affects normal blood clotting which is why bleeding is commonly reported in patients who live the disease. Another common problem reported in people with this disorder is joint problems including joint pain and arthropathy. Arthropathy occurs because bleeding is common in the joints. Bleeding in patients living with hemophilia can also happen in tissues and organs. Estimating the number affected by hemophilia in the US is difficult. However, results from epidemiological studies and surveillance data estimate the total number to be between 30,000 to 33,000. The incidence rate of hemophilia is 1 in every 5000 male births. Addressing the disorder is important because the disease is associated with a significant burden. Several comorbidities are associated with hemophilia. They are liver disease, overweight and obesity, and heart disease. Hemophilia is also associated with significant healthcare costs. Clotting factor replacement therapy and prophylaxis are the mainstay treatment strategies for treating hemophilia. Research has shown that the treatment strategies are effective in addressing hemophilia with lower risk of complications.
Ambientes de aprendizagem adaptativos: IA no centro da transformação
Authors: Franqueira Alberto da Silva , Moura Cleberson Cordeiro de , Martins Fernando Mário da Silva , Chagas Jéssica da Cruz , Miranda Monica Aparecida da Silva , Teodoro Willian da Silva
Published: June 2024

Este estudo investigou como a inteligência artificial pode potencializar a aprendizagem em ambientes educacionais. O objetivo geral foi analisar as aplicações da IA no contexto educacional, identificando seus benefícios e desafios. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão de literatura, onde foram analisados estudos relevantes sobre o tema. No desenvolvimento, foram exploradas diversas aplicações de IA, como tutores inteligentes, sistemas de avaliação automatizada e ambientes de aprendizagem adaptativos. Os tutores inteligentes foram destacados por sua capacidade de adaptar o conteúdo e o ritmo de ensino conforme as necessidades dos alunos. Os sistemas de avaliação automatizada ofereceram uma análise do desempenho dos estudantes, permitindo intervenções pedagógicas eficazes. Os ambientes de aprendizagem adaptativos ajustaram o nível de dificuldade das atividades com base no desempenho dos alunos, promovendo uma experiência de aprendizagem personalizada e dinâmica. As considerações finais ressaltaram que, embora a IA tenha o potencial de transformar a educação, há desafios significativos a serem enfrentados. A formação dos professores foi identificada como um dos principais obstáculos, assim como as questões éticas e de privacidade relacionadas ao uso de dados dos alunos. O estudo concluiu que é necessário investir em políticas educacionais que promovam a formação continuada dos docentes e garantam a proteção dos direitos dos estudantes. Além disso, recomendou-se a realização de estudos adicionais para explorar os impactos da IA em diferentes contextos educacionais.
Liderança educacional em ambientes de E-learning
Authors: Melo Júnior Hermócrates Gomes , Rezende Antonio Pinheiro de , Roza Fernanda Martins Gonçalves , Martins Fernando Mário da Silva , Andrade Filho Marcos Antonio Soares de , Teixeira Maria Lúcia Lima Diógenes
Published: June 2024

Este estudo abordou o papel do gestor educacional em ambientes e-learning, investigando como esses profissionais podem atuar de forma eficaz nessas plataformas, considerando os desafios específicos que apresentam. O objetivo geral foi identificar as funções e competências dos gestores educacionais nesses ambientes, destacando as melhores práticas e estratégias para uma gestão eficaz. No desenvolvimento, foram definidos os ambientes de e-learning, suas características e a crescente relevância no cenário educacional contemporâneo. Explorou-se as responsabilidades do gestor educacional, incluindo a integração de tecnologia e pedagogia, a utilização de ferramentas de business intelligence, e a promoção de um ambiente de aprendizagem inclusivo e colaborativo. Ademais, foram analisadas as competências essenciais para os gestores nesses contextos, como habilidades tecnológicas, capacidade de liderança e inovação, e a importância de uma formação contínua para docentes e gestores. Também se discutiu a implementação de práticas inclusivas e acessíveis, garantindo que todos os alunos tenham as mesmas oportunidades de aprendizado, independentemente de suas necessidades específicas. As considerações finais destacaram a importância das competências tecnológicas e da formação contínua dos docentes, além da implementação de práticas inclusivas como fundamentais para o sucesso dos ambientes de e-learning. Concluiu-se que os gestores educacionais devem estar preparados para enfrentar os desafios e aproveitar as oportunidades oferecidas pelas inovações digitais, promovendo uma gestão eficaz que integre tecnologia e pedagogia de maneira harmoniosa. Assim, os gestores educacionais têm um papel na criação de ambientes de aprendizagem adaptativos e dinâmicos, capazes de atender às demandas contemporâneas e preparar os alunos para o futuro.
The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor in the Barred Spiral Galaxy M83
Authors: Lee Amanda M , Koda Jin , Hirota Akihiko , Egusa Fumi , Heyer Mark
Published: June 2024

We analyze the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (α
CO) in the nearby barred spiral galaxy M83. We present new H i observations from the VLA and single-dish GBT in the disk of the galaxy, and combine them with maps of CO(1-0) integrated intensity and dust surface density from the literature. α
CO and the gas-to-dust ratio (δ
GDR) are simultaneously derived in annuli of 2 kpc width from R = 1–7 kpc. We find that α
CO and δ
GDR both increase radially, by a factor of ∼2–3 from the center to the outskirts of the disk. The luminosity-weighted averages over the disk are α
CO = 3.14 (2.06, 4.96)

M

⊙

pc

−
2

[
K

km

s

−
1

]

−
1

and δ
GDR = 137 (111, 182) at the 68% (1σ) confidence level. These are consistent with the α
CO and δ
GDR values measured in the Milky Way. In addition to possible variations of α
CO due to the radial metallicity gradient, we test the possibility of variations in α
CO due to changes in the underlying cloud populations, as a function of galactic radius. Using a truncated power-law molecular cloud CO luminosity function and an empirical power-law relation for cloud mass and luminosity, we show that the changes in the underlying cloud population may account for a factor of ∼1.5–2.0 radial change in α
CO.
Filter Design for Estimation of Stellar Metallicity: Insights from Experiments with Gaia XP Spectra
Authors: Xiao Kai , Huang Bowen , Huang Yang , Yuan Haibo , Beers Timothy C. , Liu Jifeng , Xiang Maosheng , Lu Xue , Xu Shuai , Yang Lin , Zheng Chuanjie , Li Zhirui , Zhang Bowen , Shi Ruifeng
Published: June 2024

We search for an optimal filter design for the estimation of stellar metallicity, based on synthetic photometry from Gaia XP spectra convolved with a series of filter-transmission curves defined by different central wavelengths and bandwidths. Unlike previous designs based solely on maximizing metallicity sensitivity, we find that the optimal solution provides a balance between the sensitivity and uncertainty of the spectra. With this optimal filter design, the best precision of metallicity estimates for relatively bright (G ∼ 11.5) stars is excellent, σ
[Fe/H] = 0.034 dex for FGK dwarf stars, superior to that obtained utilizing custom sensitivity-optimized filters (e.g., SkyMapper v). By selecting hundreds of high-probability member stars of the open cluster M67, our analysis reveals that the intrinsic photometric-metallicity scatter of these cluster members is only 0.036 dex, consistent with this level of precision. Our results clearly demonstrate that the internal precision of photometric-metallicity estimates can be extremely high, even providing the opportunity to perform chemical tagging for very large numbers of field stars in the Milky Way. This experiment shows that it is crucial to take into account uncertainty alongside the sensitivity when designing filters for measuring the stellar metallicity and other parameters.
Additional records of the little sleeper shark, Somniosus rostratus (Elasmobranchii: Squaliformes: Somniosidae), in Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Insacco Gianni , Zava Bruno , Spadola Filippo , Scannella Danilo , Deidun Alan , Cigala-Fulgosi Franco , Valastro Massimiliano , Di Natale Antonio , Piccinetti Corrado , Corsini-Foka Maria
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the distribution and morphometrics of the little sleeper shark, Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827), in the Mediterranean Sea. Ten sharks caught as bycatch between 2009 and 2019 in the northern sectors of the Strait of Sicily, the south Tyrrhenian Sea, the northwestern Ionian Sea, and the south Adriatic Sea using drifting longlines, as well as five retrieved from the Tripoli (Libya) marketplace, were morphologically confirmed to represent S. rostratus. The sharks exhibited typical characteristics for this species and were all caught from deep waters, indicating a potential mesopelagic habit. The study also utilized literature reviews and global databases for a comprehensive mapping of S. rostratus distribution in the Mediterranean Sea, which revealed sporadic occurrences in the eastern Mediterranean and an absence in the north Adriatic Sea. Morphometric data provided insights into the reproductive characteristics of S. rostratus. The study highlights the ecological significance of the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) for the species, indicating it as a likely spawning area, and underscores the impact of the interactions between sharks and pelagic drifting swordfish fisheries in the Mediterranean, which result in increased mortality rates for threatened shark and ray species. Prioritizing conservation measures for endangered elasmobranch populations is crucial for maintaining marine ecosystem balance and ensuring fishery resource sustainability.
Thermal Stratification in Solar Water Storage Tanks through Inlet Port Diffuser Optimization during Charge and Discharge Processes
Authors: Barrak Elaf Sadeq , Hammodi Karrar A. , Mouthanna Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The enhancement of thermal stratification in solar storage tanks is a crucial aspect of advancing solar energy technology. This study presents an experimental investigation conducted on a vertical cylindrical hot solar water storage tank operating in a dynamic mode, involving simultaneous charging and discharging. The experiment aims to assess the impact of varying inlet water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10 L/min) on thermal stratification within the tank and explores strategies to mitigate heat losses to the environment and minimize mixing effects caused by the inlet fluid flow. The experimental setup incorporates insulation and an inlet port diffuser section to optimize the distribution of inlet water during the charging and discharging states. The results reveal that the utilization of an inlet port diffuser significantly improves thermal stratification by reducing heat losses and minimizing mixing effects, as evidenced by improved Richardson numbers. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of a compact solar domestic hot water (SDHW) solution.
Enhancing Efficiency of Rural Cooking Stove: Numerical and Experimental Validation of Design and Development
Authors: Ismail Firas Basim , Balan Kareena , Abdulwahab Abdulkareem , Kazem Hussein A. , Chaichan Miqdam T. , Rahmat Muhammad Aqil Afham
Published: June 2024

The study presents the design of a highly efficient cooking stove for rural applications, along with performance evaluation. Drawing on diverse literature, existing works were analysed to derive design enhancements. Utilizing SolidWorks and Creo, a model was constructed, followed by material selection and cost analysis using accessible market components. ANSYS Fluent enabled flow analysis for both optimal and real configurations, complemented by experimental tests for validation. Results underscore the stove's efficiency, evident in reduced wood consumption for cooking and decreased soot generation. Significantly, the system's heat transfer rate reached 11.67°C/min, outperforming open stoves at 3.42°C/min, while maintaining affordability at RM 415.34. Nomenclature = Temperature transfer efficiency for heat recovery = Temperature outside air before entering system = Temperature inside air after system heat transfer has occurred = Temperature inside air before system is switched on = Temperature Transfer Efficiency for Heat Loss
Numerical Study of the Effect of Rotation on Backward-Facing Step
Authors: Rahi Ghaidaa Kareem , Hamza Dhafer
Published: June 2024

A numerical simulation of the effect of rotation on mixed convection laminar flow with separation and reattachment length is studied. The channel is subjected to span-wise Rotation. The working fluid was air with the prandtl number of 0.71. The governing equations are solved with a finite element-based commercial solver, COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of the Reynolds number and angular velocity Ω on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics is numerically studied. Range varies Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 500), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and angular velocity Ω (0, 10, 20, 30). The Nusselt number, pressure drop, recirculation length, and total flow rate were calculated. The calculated results span a wide parameters set, particularly from low rotational speed to high rotational speed. The Nusselt number, pressure drop, and patterns are shown. When comparing the results of the standard BFS case with the rotating BFS case in a step facing backward, the Heat Transfer Enhancement was 3% present obtained for rotation of Ω=30 at the Reynolds number Re=500.
Assessing Indoor Air Quality Indices and Airborne Contaminant Exposure in Isolation Rooms with Protected Zone Ventilation Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Barrak Elaf Sadeq , Hussain Hasanain M. , Habeeb Laith Jaafer
Published: June 2024

Airborne transmission of pathogens, particularly through respiratory droplets and aerosols, poses a significant risk to human health and contributes to the spread of infectious respiratory disorders. Urbanization and population increase are frequently linked to rising energy consumption and the use of natural resources like fossil fuels, which harms the ecology. Solar and geothermal energy are examples of renewable energy sources that provide options that can help with environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy-efficient thermal comfort solutions. Adequate ventilation plays a crucial role in mitigating this risk and safeguarding human well-being. Previous studies have examined the importance of ventilation in airborne infection control, emphasizing its impact on indoor air quality. This paper aims to comprehensively review various control measures for enhancing indoor air quality, taking into account relevant influencing parameters. Additionally, the study explores sustainable solutions that can contribute to the long-term prevention of declining air quality and mitigate the potential impact of future biological threats on human health. A thorough literature study evaluates the performance of protected zone ventilation in reducing the risk associated with respiratory droplets and aerosols generated by infected individuals in different confined spaces. The findings highlight the significance of guideline recommendations to prevent airborne transmission of infections and offer a concise overview of enhanced ventilation strategies for improving indoor air quality, particularly in air-conditioned environments. The results of this review contribute to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of protected zone ventilation in reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens. Moreover, they provide insights into the importance of maintaining optimal indoor air quality through appropriate ventilation measures. The implications of this research are crucial for developing evidence-based guidelines and strategies that can mitigate the impact of airborne transmission and foster healthier indoor environments.
Mixed neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract: A complex diagnosis and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Shenoy Santosh
Published: June 2024

In this editorial we comment on the manuscript describing a case of adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Mixed neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system are rare heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by a high malignant potential, rapid growth, and poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of these cancers, the standard therapy is poorly defined. The diagnosis of these tumors is based on combination of morphological features, immunohistochemical and neuroendocrine and epithelial cell markers. Both endocrine and epithelial cell components can act independently of each other and thus, careful grading of each component separately is required. These cancers are aggressive in nature and the potential of each component has paramount importance in the choice of treatment and response. Regardless of the organ of origin, these tumors portend poor prognosis with increased proportion of neuroendocrine component. Multidisciplinary services and strategies are required for the management of these mixed malignancies to provide the best oncological outcomes. The etiopathogenesis of these mixed tumors remains obscure but poses interesting question. We briefly discuss a few salient points in this editorial.
Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization as neoadjuvant therapy pre-liver transplantation for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ye Zhao-Dan , Zhuang Li , Song Meng-Chen , Yang Zhe , Zhang Wu , Zhang Jing-Feng , Cao Guo-Hong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The objectives of this study were to assess the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) as neoadjuvant therapy before liver transplantation (LT) for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze the prognostic factors.

AIM

To determine whether DEB-TACE before LT is superior to LT for advanced-stage HCC.

METHODS

A total of 99 individuals diagnosed with advanced HCC were studied retrospectively. The participants were categorized into the following two groups based on whether they had received DEB-TACE before LT: DEB-TACE group (n = 45) and control group (n = 54). The participants were further divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of segmental portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). The DEB-TACE group consisted of two subgroups: Group A (n = 31) without PVTT and group B (n = 14) with PVTT. The control group also had two subgroups: Group C (n = 37) without PVTT and group D (n = 17) with PVTT. Data on patient demographics, disease characteristics, therapy response, and adverse events (AEs) were collected. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the parameters that were independently related to OS and RFS.

RESULTS

The DEB-TACE group exhibited an overall response rate of 86.6%. Following therapy, there was a significant decrease in the median alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (275.1 ng/mL vs 41.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The main AE was post-embolization syndrome. The 2-year rates of RFS and OS were significantly higher in the DEB-TACE group than in the control group (68.9% vs 38.9%, P = 0.003; 86.7% vs 63.0%, P = 0.008). Within the subgroups, group A had higher 2-year rates of RFS and OS compared to group C (71.0% vs 45.9%, P = 0.038; 83.8% vs 62.2%, P = 0.047). The 2-year RFS rate of group B was markedly superior to that of group D (64.3% vs 23.5%, P = 0.002). Results from multivariate analyses showed that pre-LT DEB-TACE [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-5.14, P = 0.04], overall target tumor diameter ≤ 7 cm (HR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.05-3.75, P = 0.035), and AFP level ≤ 400 ng/mL (HR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.30-4.19, P = 0.009) were significant risk factors for RFS. Additionally, pre-LT DEB-TACE (HR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.43-6.96, P = 0.004) was identified as a significant risk factor for OS.

CONCLUSION

DEB-TACE is a safe and efficient therapy for advanced-stage HCC and also enhances patient survival after LT.
Prediction of pathological complete response and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Xu Yi-Jun , Tao Dan , Qin Song-Bing , Xu Xiao-Yan , Yang Kai-Wen , Xing Zhong-Xu , Zhou Ju-Ying , Jiao Yang , Wang Li-Li
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Except for pathological examination after resection, it is not known exactly whether LARC patients have achieved pathological complete response (pCR) before surgery. To date, there are no clear clinical indicators that can predict the efficacy of nCRT and patient outcomes.

AIM

To investigate the indicators that can predict pCR and long-term outcomes following nCRT in patients with LARC.

METHODS

Clinical data of 128 LARC patients admitted to our hospital between September 2013 and November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into pCR and non-pCR groups. Univariate analysis (using the χ 2 test or Fisher’s exact test) and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to study clinical predictors affecting pCR. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and differences in survival curves were assessed with the log-rank test.

RESULTS

Univariate analysis showed that pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), time interval between neoadjuvant therapy completion and total mesorectal excision, and tumor size were correlated with pCR. Multivariate results showed that CEA ≤ 5 ng/mL (P = 0.039), LMR > 2.73 (P = 0.023), and time interval > 10 wk (P = 0.039) were independent predictors for pCR. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the pCR group had significantly higher 5-year DFS rates (94.7% vs 59.7%, P = 0.002) and 5-year OS rates (95.8% vs 80.1%, P = 0.019) compared to the non-pCR group. Tumor deposits (TDs) were significantly correlated with shorter DFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Pretreatment CEA, LMR, and time interval contribute to predicting nCRT efficacy in LARC patients. Achieving pCR demonstrates longer DFS and OS. TDs correlate with poor prognosis.
Epidemiology and prognostic nomogram for locally advanced gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: A population-based study
Authors: Yu Ze-Hao , Zhang Lei-Ming , Dai Zhi-Qi , Zhang Meng-Na , Zheng Si-Ming
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) represents a specific subtype of gastric cancer renowned for its contentious epidemiological features, treatment principles, and prognostic factors.

AIM

To investigate the epidemiology of GSRC and establish an improved model for predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced GSRC (LAGSRC) after surgery.

METHODS

The annual rates of GSRC incidence and mortality, covering the years 1975 to 2019, were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to explore the temporal trends in both disease incidence and mortality rates using Joinpoint software. The clinical data of 3793 postoperative LAGSRC patients were collected from the SEER database for the analysis of survival rates. The Cox regression model was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The risk factors extracted were used to establish a prognostic nomogram.

RESULTS

The overall incidence of GSRC increased dramatically between 1975 and 1998, followed by a significant downward trend in incidence after 1998. In recent years, there has been a similarly optimistic trend in GSRC mortality rates. The trend in GSRC showed discrepancies based on age and sex. Receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS demonstrated the high discriminative ability and clinical utility of this nomogram. The area under the curve indicated that the performance of the new model outperformed that of the pathological staging system.

CONCLUSION

The model we established can aid clinicians in the early prognostication of LAGSRC patients, resulting in improved clinical outcomes by modifying management strategies and patient health care.
Visualization analysis of research hotspots and trends on gastrointestinal tumor organoids
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Tao , He Wen-Ting
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal tumor organoids serve as an effective model for simulating cancer in vitro and have been applied in basic biology and preclinical research. Despite over a decade of development and increasing research achievements in this field, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the research hotspots and future trends is lacking.

AIM

To address this problem by employing bibliometric tools to explore the publication years, countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and references in this field.

METHODS

The literature was collected from Web of Science databases. CiteSpace-6.2R4, a widely used bibliometric analysis software package, was used for institutional analysis and reference burst analysis. VOSviewer 1.6.19 was used for journal co-citation analysis, author co-authorship and co-citation analysis. The ‘online platform for bibliometric analysis (https://bibliometric.com/app )’ was used to assess the total number of publications and the cooperation relationships between countries. Finally, we employed the bibliometric R software package (version R.4.3.1) in R-studio, for a comprehensive scientific analysis of the literature.

RESULTS

Our analysis included a total of 1466 publications, revealing a significant yearly increase in articles on the study of gastrointestinal tumor organoids. The United States (n = 393) and Helmholtz Association (n = 93) have emerged as the leading countries and institutions, respectively, in this field, with Hans Clevers and Toshiro Sato being the most contributing authors. The most influential journal in this field is Gastroenterology. The most impactful reference is "Long term expansion of epithelial organs from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium". Keywords analysis and citation burst analysis indicate that precision medicine, disease modeling, drug development and screening, and regenerative medicine are the most cutting-edge directions. These focal points were further detailed based on the literature.

CONCLUSION

This bibliometric study offers an objective and quantitative analysis of the research in this field, which can be considered as an important guide for next scientific research.
Impact of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists on endoscopy and its preoperative management: Guidelines, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Singh Sahib , Suresh Kumar Vishnu Charan , Aswath Ganesh
Published: June 2024

Glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and, more recently, have garnered attention for their effectiveness in promoting weight loss. They have been associated with several gastrointestinal adverse effects, including nausea and vomiting. These side effects are presumed to be due to increased residual gastric contents. Given the potential risk of aspiration and based on limited data, the American Society of Anesthesiologists updated the guidelines concerning the preoperative management of patients on GLP-1RA in 2023. They included the duration of mandated cessation of GLP-1RA before sedation and usage of “full stomach” precautions if these medications were not appropriately held before the procedure. This has led to additional challenges, such as extended waiting time, higher costs, and increased risk for patients. In this editorial, we review the current societal guidelines, clinical practice, and future directions regarding the usage of GLP-1RA in patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure.
Impact of index admission cholecystectomy vs interval cholecystectomy on readmission rate in acute cholangitis: National Readmission Database survey
Authors: Sohail Abdullah , Shehadah Ahmed , Chaudhary Ammad , Naseem Khadija , Iqbal Amna , Khan Ahmad , Singh Shailendra
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Elective cholecystectomy (CCY) is recommended for patients with gallstone-related acute cholangitis (AC) following endoscopic decompression to prevent recurrent biliary events. However, the optimal timing and implications of CCY remain unclear.

AIM

To examine the impact of same-admission CCY compared to interval CCY on patients with gallstone-related AC using the National Readmission Database (NRD).

METHODS

We queried the NRD to identify all gallstone-related AC hospitalizations in adult patients with and without the same admission CCY between 2016 and 2020. Our primary outcome was all-cause 30-d readmission rates, and secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization cost.

RESULTS

Among the 124964 gallstone-related AC hospitalizations, only 14.67% underwent the same admission CCY. The all-cause 30-d readmissions in the same admission CCY group were almost half that of the non-CCY group (5.56% vs 11.50%). Patients in the same admission CCY group had a longer mean LOS and higher hospitalization costs attributable to surgery. Although the most common reason for readmission was sepsis in both groups, the second most common reason was AC in the interval CCY group.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that patients with gallstone-related AC who do not undergo the same admission CCY have twice the risk of readmission compared to those who undergo CCY during the same admission. These readmissions can potentially be prevented by performing same-admission CCY in appropriate patients, which may reduce subsequent hospitalization costs secondary to readmissions.
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Tubing, Seamless, 12.5Cr, (410), Annealed
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: June 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of seamless tubing.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA SINH KHỐI BIO-FLOC DẠNG ƯỚT VÀ KHÔ ĐẾN CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC, TĂNG TRƯỞNG, HUYẾT HỌC VÀ SINH HÓA MÁU CỦA CÁ TRÊ ĐEN (Clarias fuscus)
Authors: TRẦN THỊ PHƯƠNG NHUNG
Published: June 2024

Bio-floc (BFT) là khối kết dính của các loại vi khuẩn, tảo, động vật nguyên sinh, mảnh vỡ phân tử hữu cơ và sinh vật khác. .. Hạt floc rất giàu protein, lipit, vitamin và khoáng chất. Cá trê đen (Clarias fuscus) là loài cá có giá trị kinh tế và có thể sử dụng làm thuốc. Thịt cá có vị ngọt, thơm, không độc, có tác dụng bổ huyết, giảm đau, ích khí… Tác động của sinh khối BFT ướt và khô đối với cá trê đen đã được đánh giá trong nghiên cứu này. BFT được sản xuất trong hai bể tròn composit 1000L có bổ sung mật đường hàng ngày để điều chỉnh tỷ lệ C: N trong nước ở mức 15: 1. Sau khi thu nhận, BFT được bổ sung vào bể nuôi cá ở dạng ướt và khô. Cá trê đen được nuôi kết hợp giữa chế độ ăn nhân tạo và sinh khối BFT ướt hoặc khô, trong 8 tuần. Khi nguồn thức ăn nhân tạo giảm dần (từ 100% đến 50%) thì lượng BFT tăng theo tỷ lệ tương ứng (7 nghiệm thức). Kết quả, nồng độ nitrat, TSS, TAN… trong nước giảm mạnh ở bể nhận BFT ướt. SGR, FCR, PER, huyết học, sinh hóa máu cá ở bể nhận BFT khô kém hơn so với bể ướt. Như vậy, sử dụng sinh khối BFT ướt (50%) bổ sung vào thức ăn đã mang lại hiệu quả tích cực trong nuôi cá trê đen.
NGHIÊN CỨU XÁC ĐỊNH MỘT SỐ CHỦNG NẤM GÂY BỆNH ĐỐM LÁ DÂU TÂY ĐÀ LẠT
Authors: HỨA HUỲNH MINH THẢO  , DƯƠNG THẢO VI  , NGUYỄN MỘC TẤN  , DƯƠNG THỊ THÙY TRANG  , MÃ THỊ ANH THƯ  , HUỲNH XUÂN VŨ  , HUỲNH PHƯƠNG ANH  , NGUYỄN THỊ DIỆU HẠNH
Published: June 2024

Bệnh đốm lá do vi nấm trên thực vật, đặc biệt là cây dâu tây gây ra nhiều thiệt hại kinh tế ở Việt Nam và trên khắp thế giới. Do đó, việc phân lập và xác định đặc điểm các chủng gây bệnh đốm lá là yêu cầu thiết yếu để bảo vệ mùa màng và nền nông nghiệp ở nước ta vì điều kiện khí hậu rất thích hợp cho sự phát triển của vi nấm. Trong nghiên cứu này, 4 chủng nấm mốc đã được phân lập từ mẫu dâu tây bị bệnh đốm lá ở Đà Lạt, tỉnh Lâm Đồng. Kết quả khảo sát các đặc điểm đại thể, vi thể cũng như phân tích trình tự ITS cho thấy chủng mốc MD1 có quan hệ rất gần với loài Pilidium concavum, MD4 với Pilidium lythri, MD7 với Mucor circinelloides, và MD11 với Nigrospora sphaerica. Đặc biệt, kết quả gây bệnh đốm lá bởi 4 chủng vi nấm này đã được khẳng định theo nguyên tắc của Koch. Đây cũng là báo cáo đầu tiên về Mucor circinelloides và Nigrospora sphaerica gây bệnh đốm lá trên dâu tây, làm tiền đề cho biện pháp quản lý, kiểm soát phòng chống, dịch bệnh một cách hiệu quả trong thời gian tới.
TIỀM NĂNG CHỐNG VIÊM KHỚP CỦA CHIẾT XUẤT ETHANOL THÔ TỪ QUẢ CỌ ĐUÔI CÁ ĐỐI VỚI BỆNH VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP DO THUỐC BỔ TRỢ HOÀN TOÀN CỦA FREUND GÂY RA Ở CHUỘT
Authors: TRẦN THỊ PHƯƠNG NHUNG
Published: June 2024

Caryota nanas L. là một trong những loại cây trồng phổ biến ở Việt Nam. Người Việt Nam thường sử dụng C. nanas như một vị thuốc cổ truyền để chữa viêm khớp, viêm dạ dày, ghẻ lở, nhọt, hoặc giảm đau tự nhiên. Tuy nhiên, tác dụng chống viêm khớp của chiết xuất quả C. nanas vẫn chưa được khoa học chứng minh hoặc ghi nhận. Nghiên cứu hiện tại đã đánh giá hiệu quả cải thiện của chiết xuất thô của quả Caryota nanas L. (EeCN) (với ba liều khoảng 100, 200 và 300 mg/kg thể trọng) trên mô hình viêm khớp do thuốc bổ trợ hoàn chỉnh của Freund gây ra. Những thay đổi về chu vi và đường kính chân, chỉ số và điểm số viêm khớp, thông số viêm, thay đổi mô học trong mô khớp của các nhóm thí nghiệm đã được ghi nhận. Không giống như nhóm không được điều trị, nhóm được điều trị bằng EeCN cho thấy trọng lượng tương đối của tuyến ức và lách giảm đáng kể (tương ứng là 6,32% và 7,09%), nhiệt độ cơ thể và chân (1,4oC và 1,3oC), chu vi và đường kính chân (10,34 mm và 8,89 mm), chỉ số và điểm viêm khớp (17,25 và 7,87), mức độ bạch cầu, ESR, RF, CRP (2,94 x103tb/mm3, 2,41 mm/giờ, 6,71 mg/L và 6,27 mg/L, tương ứng) (p<0,001), và tăng đáng kể trọng lượng cơ thể (13,57%), mức hồng cầu (2,96 x106tb/mm3) (p<0,001). Kiểm tra mô bệnh học cho thấy giảm mạnh tình trạng viêm hoạt dịch và tổn thương sụn, cũng như cải thiện đáng kể không gian khớp. Chiết xuất Ethanol thô của quả Caryota nanas L. (300 mg/kg) có khả năng điều trị viêm khớp; nó có thể là một ứng cử viên đầy hứa hẹn cho việc kiểm soát bệnh viêm khớp.
ẤN ĐỘ DƯƠNG VÀ SỰ BIẾN ĐỘNG NHIỆT ĐỘ KHU VỰC ĐÔNG NAM Á
Authors: LƯƠNG VĂN VIỆT
Published: June 2024

Mục đích của nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định mối quan hệ giữa nhiệt độ nước biển (SST) với nhiệt độ không khí bề mặt (SAT) trên lục địa khu vực Đông Nam Á, từ đó xây dựng một chỉ số cho cảnh báo SAT khu vực này. Chỉ số giám này được xây dựng dựa trên SST của khu vực có quan hệ số tương quan Pearson cao nhất. Số liệu cho khảo sát này là trường SST và SAT từ năm 1979 đến năm 2019, đây là dữ liệu tái phân tích của NCAR/NCEP. Khu vực khảo sát SST nằm trong vùng nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới trên Ấn Độ Dương và Thái Bình Dương, với vĩ độ từ 40oS đến 40oN. Dựa trên việc khảo sát hệ số tương quan, khu vực để theo dõi và cảnh báo SAT tìm được nằm trên khu vực trung tâm xích đạo Ấn Độ Dương. SST khu vực này có quan hệ khá tốt với SAT trên khu vực Đông Nam Á với thời gian trễ khoảng 1 tháng. So với các chỉ số giám sát El Niño, SST khu vực này thể hiện mối quan hệ tốt hơn với SAT một cách rõ rệt.
Identify Factors That Influence Hard Skill Competency and Soft Skill Competency Through the Quality of Teaching in Aviation Vocational Education
Authors: Suyatmo Suyatmo , Ekohariadi Ekohariadi , Wardhono Arie
Published: June 2024

Objective: This research analyzes factors influencing quality teaching to create complex skill competency (HSC) and soft skill competency (SSC) in education vocational graduates. Aviation vocational education produces aviation experts who can compete in the era of the global market. HSC is a technical skill, and SSC is an individual's interpersonal skill. The quality of vocational teaching has a vital role in creating graduate performance. Method: This research studies quantitative with a survey method. Samples are Aircraft Engineering students - Aviation Polytechnic in Indonesia, as many as 229 people—data retrieval using instrument research that has been fulfilled with validity and reliability tests. Analysis of research data uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Result: This research shows that the formation performance of graduates (HSC and SSC) is determined by quality teaching. Lecturer Characteristics, Teaching Methods, and Laboratory Technicians are essential for increasing teaching quality in the formation of HSC—currently, SSC is developing through the pattern parenting student method. Students' success, integrity, and interpersonal skills reflect SSC. So that graduates are ready to compete in the job market. Novelty: Develop lecturers' characteristics and laboratory technicians to significantly increase the quality of education and prepare students to enter the world of work with relevant skills.­­­­­­­­­­
Teachers’ Practices of Reflective Teaching in EFL Classroom
Authors: Widiastari Nabila , Fithriani Rahmah
Published: June 2024

Objective: Reflective teaching (RT) is a strategy to improve student learning outcomes. Teachers have recently used reflective teaching extensively to enhance learning and teaching outcomes. This research presents teacher practices for implementing reflective learning in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes. This research explores teachers' reflective practices, their methods, and the outcomes resulting from these practices. Method: The research method used is a qualitative study using questionnaires for data collection and in-depth interviews with several EFL teachers. Results: The results showed variations in reflective practice, with some teachers using student feedback, video recordings, diaries, group discussions, and self-observation as reflection methods. This research also found that reflective practice can improve teachers' understanding and skills in teaching EFL. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in revealing specific reflective practices that can improve the quality of learning English as a foreign language.
Possibilities for Using E-Modules in Vocational High Schools to Facilitate Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Fitriana Eka , Djono Djono , Sumaryati Sri
Published: June 2024

Objective: Critical thinking as part of the competency tools for 21st-century positions has a strategy at the Vocational high school in preparing graduates who are competent, ready to work, and have communication and collaboration skills. However, learning media use still needs to be optimal for teachers to support classroom learning to increase students' understanding and facilitate critical thinking skills in the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the learning system because these problems must provide students with a better learning experience. The research aims to determine students' perceptions regarding opportunities for developing e-modules based on problem-based learning to facilitate critical thinking skills in accounting learning material. Method: Descriptive qualitative, using research instruments like interviews and questionnaires. The research participants were 45 students specializing in accounting. The research results showed that students are very familiar with using digital media, and most students said that learning with digital learning media gave an interesting learning impression. Results: are great opportunities for developing e-modules that students can use for independent learning flexibly. Novelty: E-modules integrated with problem-based learning models aim to empower students' critical thinking skills, especially in accounting material.
Purple sweet potato antioxidants for oxidative stress caused by intense physical exercise
Authors: Frestasya Laurens , Pangsibidang Reynatha C.A
Published: June 2024

Background: Intense exercise increases ROS and reactive nitrogen species, leading to oxidative stress and potential health issues. Balancing free radical production and antioxidant defence is crucial. Endogenous antioxidants help neutralise ROS, but additional supplementation is required to prevent cell damage.
Objective: This literature review explores the potential of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as an antioxidant source to counteract exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Method: Scientific articles from various platforms were collected using keywords such as "Physical exercise," "Oxidative stress," "Purple sweet potato," and "Antioxidant”.
Result: Purple sweet potato, rich in anthocyanins and vitamin C, exhibits potent free radical scavenging properties. Consumption of purple sweet potato enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, reduces lipid peroxidation (MDA), inhibits the NF-kB signalling pathway, and prevents increased heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression. These findings suggest that purple sweet potato consumption promotes cellular health and mitigates oxidative stress caused by intense physical exercise.
Conclusion: In conclusion, incorporating purple sweet potato into the diet shows promise in countering exercise-induced oxidative stress, promoting overall well-being, and preventing chronic diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and optimal dosage for combating oxidative stress during rigorous physical training.
Assessing the antioxidant properties of Pilea trinivera (Roxb.) Wight) by in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Sumiyati Yati , Manninda Reise , Gunady Alessandro Volta , Nadiah Afifah Putri , Dewi Winana Kartika
Published: June 2024

Background: Pohpohan leaves (Pilea trinivera (Roxb.) Wight), commonly consumed as fresh vegetables, contain flavonoids useful as antioxidants. Literature studies showed the content of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, luteolin, and apigenin.
Objective: The research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of 70% ethanolic extract of Pohpohan leaves in Wistar rats induced by heat stress with the parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Method: The pilot study found the extract's total flavonoid, phenolic content, and IC50, respectively, 1.48%, 1.64%, and 79.65ppm. The sample consisted of 30 male Wistar rats that met the criteria and were divided into six groups. MDA levels were determined using the TBARs method, while SOD activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Data analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney test.
Result: MDA levels (nmol/mL) for normal control, negative control, positive control, doses I, II and III group, respectively, were 2.581; 12.978;0.830; 8.597; 6.041; 2.291 whereas the SOD activity (U/mL) of each group was 161.55; 101.54; 267.70; 184.62; 207.69; 240. There were no significant differences in MDA and SOD levels between the positive control group and dose III.
Conclusion: The results showed the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Pilea trinervia (Roxb.) Wight).
Characterisation an d phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract Citrus reticulata peel and its anti-inflammatory activity using protein denaturation method
Authors: Wulandari Fitri , Sri Sunarsih Endang , Musnaini Khumairotul
Published: June 2024

Background: Inflammation is an initial systemic response that occurs in the body and necessitates prompt management to prevent complications and death. Natural therapies, including Citrus reticulata, rich in hesperidin, a potent anti-inflammatory flavonoid, are gaining attention due to accessibility and safety.
Objective: The aims of this study were to characterise Citrus reticulata peel simplicia and extract to ensure their quality, phytochemical screening and determining its anti-inflammatory activity.
Method: Simplicia characterisation involves testing water content, total ash content, and acid-insoluble ash content while the extract is tested for water and total ash content. Phytochemical screening is done using the tube method, and the anti-inflammatory activity test is conducted using the protein denaturation method.
Result: The extract had water content and total ash content of 14.91% and 1.89%, respectively. The ethanol extract of Citrus reticulata peel contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and terpenoids. It shows anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 132.13 µg/mL, with a difference of approximately 55% to achieve the same level of protein denaturation inhibition as positive control dexamethasone, with an IC50 value of 73.14 µg/mL.
Conclusion: Citrus reticulata peel simplicia and ethanol extract met quality standards, contain flavonoids with anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibit inflammation by up to 50% at 132.13 µg/mL.
Neurotoxin-induced animal model of multiple sclerosis: Molecular mechanism focus
Authors: Permana Yandi , Siswanto Soni , Aziz Nur Hidayah Kaz Abdul , Wardhani Bantari Wisynu Kusuma
Published: June 2024

Background: Neurotoxins can alter the central nervous system. They induce severe clinical symptoms such as encephalopathy, convulsions, muscle paralysis, and respiratory failure. Hence, the neurotoxin can mimic human central nervous system disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) to study pathophysiology and drugs of development.
Objective: This mini-review compared the neurotoxins for mimicking MS in animal models.
Method: This study was a narrative review using the scientific electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.  All related articles by keywords animal models, multiple sclerosis, and neurotoxins were collected by YP and BW. All authors contributed to manuscript development.
Result: Cuprizone, ethidium bromide, lysolecithin, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG), and Myelin Essential Protein (MBP) are neurotoxins for MS animal models. Cuprizone is particularly relevant for use in studies addressing toxic mechanisms of the demyelination process and studies of therapeutic interventions. Ethidium bromide causes spinal cord demyelination with distinctive features in the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. However, it is a carcinogen agent. Lysolecithin is suitable for old animal models because the duration for remyelination is relatively longer than others. MOG and MBP are preferable to resemble MS pathophysiology in humans.
Conclusion: MOG and MBP are appropriate for generating animal multiple sclerosis models for further in vivo experiments.
DISCURSO DA TRADIÇÃO E A ESTRUTURA DAS ESCOLAS DA ÁREA RURAL DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO, PR
Authors: Gabriel Bonavigo Andressa , Lingnau Carina
Published: June 2024

Este artigo foi desenvolvido durante o ano de iniciação científica sobre a o discurso da tradição e a estrutura das escolas relacionados às comunidades estabelecidas em três regiões conhecidas pelas tradições das comunidades étnicas italianas, polonesas e alemãs de Francisco Beltrão. O objetivo do artigo é verificar a influência dos grupos étnicos no discurso da tradição e na estrutura das escolas da área rural relacionadas aos habitantes locais que instigados por motivações culturais e geográficas podem ou não assumir identificação com os grupos étnicos descendentes de alemães, italianos e poloneses que povoaram o local. Como metodologia utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Nos resultados identificamos que na região não há representação da influência polonesa, assim como em relação às tradições alemãs não foram claramente identificadas pela escola, nem nas redes sociais investigadas. Apenas na Secção Jacaré, houve relações com a tradição da cultura italiana. Assim, embora o discurso da tradição étnica esteja presente em vários documentos municipais, nem sempre isso correspondeu com as informações obtidas nas redes sociais e documentos analisados.