bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of factor-VIII levels in thawed fresh frozen plasma stored at 2°C–6°C for 5 days
Authors: Mathew Ashly Monson , Shah Sangita D. , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Shah Mamta , Patel Tarak
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Plasma is the cell-free part of blood prepared either from whole blood or by plasmapheresis. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) must be stored at –18°C or colder and has a shelf life of 12 months. In routine practice, after thawing, FFP is stored for 24 h at 1°C–6°C if not transfused, and subsequently, it is discarded, leading to the wastage of valuable resources. This study measured the changes of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activities over 5 days in thawed FFP.

AIMS:

The objective of the study was to assess FVIII levels in thawed FFP immediately after thawing and after storage at 2°C–6°C for 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h and thereby to assess whether thawed FFP stored for 5 days can be considered to ameliorate coagulation factor deficiencies in affected patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

100 blood donors, 25 each from A, B, AB, and O blood groups were randomly selected. Coagulation test parameters, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and FVIII:C, were measured at 0, 24, 72, and 120 h using an ACL ELITE PRO coagulometer (Instrumentation Laboratory, USA). Measurements of coagulation factors were conducted using one-stage clotting factor assays. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and paired t-test.

RESULTS:

The average FVIII activity immediately after thawing (0 h) was 137.1%. FVIII activities were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 0 h to 120 h of storage at 2°C–6°C. A maximum decrease was seen in the first 24 h after thawing. The average FVIII activity at 120 h was 66.75%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Coagulation FVIII activities in thawed FFP on Day 5 were still sufficient to treat bleeding patients as the activities were more than 30%. Therefore, thawed FFP stored for 5 days can be considered for use in needy patients in emergency cases as it can ensure immediate availability as well as the reduction in wastage. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Allergic reaction due to platelet transfusion in antenatal patients: A case series with a review of literature
Authors: Kolahalam Venkata Sai Kiran , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Shah Mamta C. , Shah Sangita D. , Kucha Shailesh P.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Thrombocytopenia is a common condition in antenatal patients that may require platelet transfusion to prevent or treat bleeding. However, platelet transfusion can cause adverse reactions, such as allergic reactions, which can range from mild urticaria to severe anaphylaxis, signifying the diversity of immune responses. The present case series describes the clinical scenarios of such antenatal patients who experienced allergic reactions after platelet transfusion and explores the possible reasons, management, and prevention of such responses.

METHODS:

Data from medical records of three antenatal patients who received platelet transfusion at our hospital between July 2022 and June 2023 and developed allergic reactions within 24 h of transfusion was collected, which included their demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcomes.

RESULTS:

The three patients were aged 23, 25, and 28 years and presented with active labor. They had thrombocytopenia due to different causes: immune thrombocytopenia and postpartum hemorrhage. They received platelet transfusions for the prevention or treatment of bleeding. Within 24 h of transfusion, they developed allergic reactions characterized by urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, and hypotension. They were treated with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and fluids and the patients responded to the treatment. The factors that triggered the allergic reactions were not determined, but possible mechanisms include immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity, non-IgE-mediated anaphylactoid reactions, plasma protein-mediated allergic reactions, ABO-incompatible platelet transfusion, and cytokine-mediated reactions.

CONCLUSION:

Allergic reactions are a potential complication of platelet transfusion in antenatal patients and can be life-threatening. Clinicians should be alert to the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions and be ready to treat them quickly. The origin of allergic reactions is often unclear, but premedication, leukoreduction, and washing of platelets may reduce the risk of such reactions.
Efficacy of plerixafor in CD34+ stem cell mobilization in healthy pediatric stem cell donors
Authors: Bharadwaj Rishab , Kumar Vimal , Sachan Deepti , Krishna Deepthi , Munirathnam Deenadayalan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Efficient stem cell collection from pediatric donors is a common challenge for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). The addition of plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist to standard stem cell mobilization regimens has shown success. We describe our experience with the usage of a single dose of plerixafor in addition to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in healthy pediatric stem cell donors for patients undergoing HSCT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of the safety and efficacy of plerixafor, used in pediatric stem cell donors for aiding stem cell mobilization, was done. Data from 14 pediatric donors who received plerixafor in addition to standard G-CSF were studied.

RESULTS:

Plerixafor was well tolerated by all donors with no major adverse effects. All donors showed robust peripheral blood stem cell mobilization, enabling an adequate stem cell collection with single apheresis, even in scenarios with an unfavorable donor/patient body weight ratio.

CONCLUSION:

The use of plerixafor can be encouraged in pediatric donors to optimize apheresis outcomes.
Effectiveness and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in neurological disorders; measuring the response to treatment using Modified Rankin Scale – A single-center study
Authors: Gupta Shubham , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Aggarwal Geet , Bhardwaj Gunjan , Pawar Samruddhi , Goyal Vinay , Garg Arun , Sehgal Jyoti
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is commonly used as a treatment modality in varying neurological disorders. Response to TPE in neurological disorders is usually noted in “subjective” terms. We, measured response to treatment, objectively, using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was an observational prospective study in patients diagnosed with autoimmune neurological disorders (AND) who underwent TPE, in addition to intravenous immunoglobulin, and/or prednisolone. This study was carried out at a tertiary care center. Demographic data, procedure details including adverse reactions, and clinical responses were collated. Clinical response was assessed by applying MRS, in different neurological disorders, before (pre-TPE) and after TPE (post-TPE). Pre- and post-TPE clinical conditions were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

RESULTS:

Fifty-three patients were included, with 15 females and 38 males, who had a median age of 48 years. Seven different AND were; myasthenia gravis (n = 11), Guillain–Barre syndrome (n = 18), neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (n = 6); chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 5); autoimmune encephalitis (n = 6); transverse myelitis (n = 6); and multiple sclerosis (n = 1). Patients received a median of 5 cycles of TPE and a mean 1.5 plasma volume was exchanged. The improvement in the MRS scale was significant when post-TPE scores were compared with pre-TPE scores. The most common adverse reaction was shivering (n = 5; 1.85%), which was managed conservatively.

CONCLUSION:

TPE was shown to be an effective and safe treatment modality in providing relief to patients with neurological disorders.
The effect of bleaching agent on the compressive strength of orthodontic thermoplastic retainer materials
Authors: Ehteshami Ailin , Omidi Saina , Ghasemi Maede
Published: January 2025

Background:

There is an increasing desire for teeth bleching after orthodontic treatment. Therefor, this study aims to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide 15% and thermocycling on the compressive strength of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoplastic retainer material.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, forty samples of PETG material were thermoformed over a plastic template (10 mm × 8 mm × 2 mm). The samples were divided into four groups, with ten samples in each group. Group I served as the control, Group II was exposed to carbamide peroxide 15% (5 h daily for 14 days), Group III underwent thermocycling (5000 times), and Group IV underwent thermocycling (5000 times) followed by exposure to carbamide peroxide 15% (5 h daily for 14 days). The compressive strength of the groups was then evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests for statistical analysis. The significance level was set to 0.05.

Results:

The analysis showed a significant difference among the four groups. The compressive strength of all groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Group II exhibited a significant decrease compared to Group III (P = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between Group II and Group IV (P = 0.191). In addition, there was no significant difference observed between Group III and Group IV (P = 0.308). Group II had the lowest compressive strength (163.9 Mpa).

Conclusion:

It is not recommended to use a thermoplastic retainer as a bleaching tray during the initial phase of retention. However, since there were no further harmful effects of bleaching agents observed after thermocycling, it is possible to recommend the use of a thermoplastic retainer as a bleaching tray toward the end of the retention phase.
Discharge needs among women with mastectomy: a suggested nursing care plan
Authors: Ibrahim Abd Elmohsen Mostafa Basma , El kader Mohamed Labiba A. , Abd Elaziz Salwa H. , El- Marakby Hamdy H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for women worldwide. Mastectomy is widely used in the surgical management of breast cancer. It affects women emotionally, psychologically, spiritually, and physically. Identification of the patients needs after mastectomy can help them cope with their condition as well as help nurses develop a guided discharge care plan.

Aim

To determine discharge needs among women with mastectomy and establish suggested nursing care plans.

Design

A descriptive exploratory research design was used in the study.

Setting

The study was conducted at the surgical department in the breast cancer hospital at Eltagamoah El-awal City subordinate to the National Cancer Institute affiliated with Cairo University, Egypt.

Sample

A purposive sample of 100 adult women with breast cancer who performed a Modified Radical Mastectomy.

Tools

Two tools were utilized to collect data: (1) personal and medical background data form. (2) adapted Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire of Breast Cancer.

Results

The highest informational needs among studied women with mastectomy prior discharge were spiritual needs with a mean percentage (88.8%), followed by physical needs (87.8%), then treatment and complications with a mean percentage (of 87.2%).

Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, the studied women with mastectomy before discharge had informational needs in this order; spiritual, physical, treatment and complications, disease, and informational needs about investigation and tests, while the least dimension was psychosocial needs.

Recommendation

A longitudinal study is recommended to determine the long-term effect of unmet needs especially before hospital discharge after mastectomy.
Long-term clinical outcomes of isolated orbital floor fracture reconstruction using nonresorbable implants
Authors: Abd El Ghafar Ayman E , Shawky Nashaat , Shaheen Mahrous Hassan , Aziz Khalid Abdel , Diab Mostafa Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

There are no universally established guidelines for material selection in orbital wall fracture reconstruction. With an increasing preference for permanent implants, this study aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of three different non-resorbable materials in reconstructing isolated orbital floor fractures.

Design:

A retrospective, interventional comparative study.

Methods:

The medical records of patients with unilateral pure orbital floor fractures who underwent orbital reconstruction using non-resorbable alloplastic implants at two tertiary referral centers between January 2017 to December 2021 were reviewed. Cases with non-pure orbital floor blowout fractures and/or <2 years of follow-up were excluded. Patients were separated into three groups according to the implant material type: porous polyethylene (PPE) sheet, polypropylene (PP) mesh, and titanium (Ti) mesh. These groups were then retrospectively analyzed for clinical outcomes, implant-related complications, and patient’s satisfaction.

Results:

Sixty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-four patients (36.36%) received PPE sheets, 20 patients (30.3%) had PP mesh, and 22 patients (33.33%) received Ti mesh. At the 6-month postoperative visit, nine patients (40.9%) in the Ti mesh group experienced postoperative diplopia compared to six patients (30.0%) in the PP group and one patient (4.2%) in the PPE group (P < 0.047). Following the initial 6-month postoperative period, the PP group had more frequent postoperative enophthalmos compared to the other 2 groups. The total ocular motility restriction score was significantly lower in the Ti mesh group compared to the other 2 groups at all follow-up visits. Patient’s satisfaction was significantly higher in the PPE group (median = 10, IQR = 1) compared to the PP (median = 8.5, IQR = 3) and Ti groups (median = 8, IQR = 3), P < 0.001. Reoperation was needed in seven patients (31.8%) in the Ti group, two patients (10%) in the PP group, and none in the PPE group.

Conclusions:

The use of PPE orbital implants for the repair of isolated orbital floor fracture provides better long-term clinical outcomes compared to PP or Ti mesh and reduces the need for reoperation across all fracture sizes. Ti mesh has been associated with a higher frequency of unfavorable clinical outcomes and implant removal.
Epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors in North and Central India
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Patidar Narendra , Gaikwad Himanshu , Mishra Mihir , Das Sima
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors in patients presenting to three tertiary care referral centers in North and Central India.

Methods:

Hospital-based consortium study.

Settings and Design:

Retrospective, descriptive, observational study.

Results:

A total of 3184 patients were diagnosed with 3557 ocular and periocular tumors over 11 years from 2010 to 2021. Of these, 2395 (67.33%) were benign, 84 (2.36%) were premalignant, and 1078 (30.30%) were malignant. The most common location was the ocular surface (n = 1294, 37.09%), followed by the eyelid (n = 1185, 33.97%), intraocular (n = 624, 17.88%), and orbit (n = 454, 13.01%). The most common tumors were retinoblastoma (n = 483, 13.57%), ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (n = 301, 8.46%), and dermoid cyst (n = 167, 4.69%). In the pediatric age group, retinoblastoma was the most common tumor (n = 483, 13.57%), while in adults, it was OSSN (n = 301, 8.46%). The stage at presentation for malignant tumors was divided into in-situ (57.14%), local spread (8.16%), and metastasis (32.83%). For specific tumor locations, the stages were 78.83%, 17.51%, and 2.18%, respectively, for eyelid tumors; 51.76%, 27.05%, and 17.64%, respectively, for orbital tumors; 88.37%, 5.81%, and 5.19%, respectively for ocular surface tumors; and 35.71%, 14.15%, and 50.28%, respectively, for intraocular tumors.

Conclusions:

Identifying the epidemiological characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors will aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention. Intraocular tumors showed delayed diagnosis, advanced stages at presentation, and required patients to travel longer distances for treatment, indicating the need for strengthened diagnostic and treatment facilities to improve access to care.
Neuromodulation technologies improve functional recovery after brain injury: from bench to bedside
Authors: Liu Mei , Meng Yijing , Ouyang Siguang , Zhai Meng’ai , Yang Likun , Yang Yang , Wang Yuhai
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous recovery frequently proves maladaptive or insufficient because the plasticity of the injured adult mammalian central nervous system is limited. This limited plasticity serves as a primary barrier to functional recovery after brain injury. Neuromodulation technologies represent one of the fastest-growing fields in medicine. These techniques utilize electricity, magnetism, sound, and light to restore or optimize brain functions by promoting reorganization or long-term changes that support functional recovery in patients with brain injury. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects and underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation technologies in supporting motor function recovery after brain injury. Many of these technologies are widely used in clinical practice and show significant improvements in motor function across various types of brain injury. However, studies report negative findings, potentially due to variations in stimulation protocols, differences in observation periods, and the severity of functional impairments among participants across different clinical trials. Additionally, we observed that different neuromodulation techniques share remarkably similar mechanisms, including promoting neuroplasticity, enhancing neurotrophic factor release, improving cerebral blood flow, suppressing neuroinflammation, and providing neuroprotection. Finally, considering the advantages and disadvantages of various neuromodulation techniques, we propose that future development should focus on closed-loop neural circuit stimulation, personalized treatment, interdisciplinary collaboration, and precision stimulation.
Zur Bildkarriere der Klimastreifen in digitalen und urbanen Räumen
Authors: Gredel Eva
Published: January 2025

„UNITE BEHIND THE SCIENCE“ war in den letzten Jahren immer wieder auf Schildern, Aufklebern und Internetpräsenzen von Initiativen zum Klima- und Umweltschutz wie Fridays for Future, Extinction Rebellion und End Fossil: Occupy! zu lesen. Die Akteure der Initiativen verweisen seit 2018 mit dieser Sentenz darauf, dass in der Wissenschaft schon seit längerer Zeit vor dem Klimawandel und seinen Folgen gewarnt wird. Sie legitimieren ihre Forderungen durch Übernahmen von wissenschaftlich fundierten Fakten und Visualisierungen. In diesem Kontext erlebten die Klimastreifen (engl. warming stripes) des Klimatologen Ed Hawkins eine Karriere vom wissenschaftlichen Technobild bis hin zum Schlagbild mit hohen Reichweiten in urbanen und digitalen Räumen, die in diesem Beitrag als hybriden Konstellationen semiotischer Landschaften gedeutet wurden. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Klimastreifen und ihre Varianten als digitalkulturelle Einheiten im sozio-historischen Kontext der „Kultur der Digitalität“ (Stalder 2016) sowie als Element semiotischer Landschaften.
‚Unwörter‘ im Klimadiskurs
Authors: Rebhan Lena
Published: January 2025

In diesem Beitrag werden die pejorativen Komposita Klimahysterie und Klimaterrorist untersucht. Diese wurden nicht zuletzt durch den Sprachgebrauch prominenter politischer AkteurInnen in einen Gegendiskurs zum Thema Klimawandel eingebracht und wurden 2019 und 2022 jeweils zum ‚Unwort des Jahres‘ gewählt. Die Unwort-Komposita bewerten KlimaaktivistInnen und deren Aktionen inhärent negativ. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand einer explorativen Korpusstudie untersucht, wie die Klimaschutz(protest)bewegung in digitalen Diskursräumen konstituiert wird. Die ‚Unwörter‘ werden dabei als Symptome von Denk- und Argumentationsmustern verstanden, nach denen KlimaaktivistInnen aus irrationalen Gründen gefährliche Maßnahmen ergreifen, und referenz- wie propositionsbezogen analysiert, um diese Muster weiter zu dekodieren.
Beliefs about and adherence to statin therapy among hyperlipidemic patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Magadm Rania , Ghamri Ranya
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To assess patients' beliefs about the necessity and safety of statins and their impact on adherence in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 hyperlipidemic patients undergoing statin therapy for at least six months. A structured  questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic data, statin adherence and beliefs about statin necessity and safety using a 5-level  Likert scale.Results: Over 40 % of participants were nonadherent by missing seven or more doses in the past month, 26.7 % often forgot medication  when traveling and 45.3 % perceived themselves as noncompliant. The main noncompliance reasons were forgetfulness (28.0 %),  perceived cholesterol control (14.7 %) and side effects like muscle aches (10.3 %). Less than 25 % agreed on statin necessity for health,  with 45.0 % unsure. Higher belief scores correlated with longer statin use and fewer missed doses. About 27.0 % were concerned about  adverse effects, but concerns showed no consistent effect on adherence.Conclusion: Hyperlipidemic patients in Jeddah exhibit inadequate adherence to statin therapy, primarily due to forgetfulness, concerns  about transporting medication and varying beliefs regarding the necessity and potential adverse effects of statins. These findings  underscore the critical need for targeted educational interventions and enhancement of clinical practices.
Preserving, improving and rediscovering: The role of the Research Centre of Viticulture and Enology in safeguarding grapevine genetic resources in Italy
Authors: Palombi Maria Antonietta , Alba Vittorio , Ammoniaci Marco , Bevilacqua Noemi , Caputo Angelo Raffaele , Carraro Roberto , Favale Stefano , Garavelloni Simone , Gardiman Massimo , Morassut Massimo , Niero Marina , Nuti Roberto , Pipitone Giuseppina , Puccioni Sergio , Zombardo Alessandra
Published: January 2025

Grapevine is one the most cultivated species worldwide, with 8,000 estimated varieties. Protecting this biodiversity is of utmost importance, especially in countries historically devoted to viticulture, such as Italy. One of the richest Italian ampelographic collections, spread in different regions from the north to the south of the peninsula, is owned and managed by the Research Centre of Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE). Vitis vinifera L., but also other species of the Vitis genus. Since 2004, the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry has financed a specific programme named ‘Risorse genetiche vegetali – Trattato FAO (RGV-FAO)’ [Plant Genetic Resources – FAO Treaty] to collect, conserve, characterize and document plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. This paper presents the processes undertaken to enhance the collection, characterize its accessions, preserve and foster the genetic diversity and adaptability in grapevines, with particular emphasis on how this material is managed, evaluated and valorized in terms of different perspectives and practical uses.
İnovasyon Temelli Bilgi Ekonomisinin Can Damarı: Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme
Authors: Gözgü Fahriye
Published: January 2025

Yirmi birinci yüzyılda toplumlar artık, kendini geliştiren ve yaşam boyu öğrenme becerilerine sahip bireylere gereksinim duymaktadır. Bireyin günlük hayatını topluma uyumlu bir şekilde sürdürebilmesi ve mesleğindeki gelişmeleri yakından takip edebilmesi de kendini yenilemesi ile mümkündür. Bireyin kendini sürekli yenilemesi ise, ancak yaşam boyu öğrenme ile sağlanabilir. Bilimsel, teknik, ekonomik ve sosyal değişmenin hızı karşısında insan kişiliğinin tam olarak gelişmesi için eğitimin, dünya ölçüsünde ve hayat boyu devam eden bir süreç olması gerektiği anlayışından hareket eden yaşam boyu eğitim; bireyleri toplum hayatında meydana gelen ekonomik, kültürel, siyasi değişimlerle baş edecek düzeye getirmeyi amaçlar. Yaşam boyu eğitim üç temel amaca yönelmiş bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, yaşam boyu öğrenmede fırsatlar yaratarak bireylerin kişisel gelişimini sağlamak, toplumsal bütünleşmeyi gerçekleştirmek ve ekonomik büyümeyi sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada, yaşam boyu öğrenme kavramı ve kapsamı üzerine bir literatür taraması yapılarak, yaşam boyu öğrenme verileri ile inovasyon performansının belirleyicileri arasındaki ilişkinin, Türkiye’deki durumu incelenecektir.
Caracterização do pescado comercializado em Monte Alegre, Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará
Authors: Martins Deurilene , Freire Julliany , Campos Millena , Ferreira Charles , Freitas Elciane , Veneza Ivana
Published: January 2025

The Amazon has fish of financial and food importance, and its main form of commercial distribution is through
street markets, including in Monte Alegre, Pará. However, there are few studies on the variety of species
offered in the municipality and how their trade behaves. Thus, this research diagnosed the fish found in
municipal markets and aspects of local trade. The data were obtained through monthly interviews with
fishmongers, over a period of one year. The price variation of the five most frequent species, considering the
months and the seasonal period, was analyzed using ANOVA (one-way) and Kruskal-Wallis, considering
α=0.05 and subsequent post-hoc tests. Thirty-one species were recorded, the main ones being tambaqui
(Colossoma macropomum), pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), pirapitinga
(Piaractus bachypomus), tucunaré (Cichla sp.) and surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.), which were the fish most
frequently mentioned in the fishmongers' responses. The price of some of the most important species in the
market in Monte Alegre was related to the seasonal period, with the highest market value during the flood
period, as observed for pirarucu and curimatã. Tambaqui had the highest price in April, the month with the
highest rainfall during the period studied. This research highlights the diversity of fish sold in Monte Alegre,
confirming the importance of natural fishing resources for feeding local populations. In addition, the study
demonstrates the correlation between the dry and rainy seasons and the price of fish, in which the commercial
value of relevant species becomes higher during the rainy season.
Problematic issues in testing the physical fitness of preschool and primary school age children (review and analysis of russian literature)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Child Development, Health and Adaptation", Moscow, Lyakh V.I. , Pristupa E.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Child Development, Health and Adaptation", Moscow, Levushkin S.P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Child Development, Health and Adaptation", Moscow, Laptev A.I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Child Development, Health and Adaptation", Moscow, Sechin D.I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Child Development, Health and Adaptation", Moscow
Published: January 2025

The review discusses: the main problems that researchers face when
assessing physical abilities and physical fitness in general; the authors' attempts
to systematize and analyze the proposed tests and batteries for these purposes; the
different results that experts come to when testing different and the same physical
abilities of children of the same age and gender. Review and analysis of modern scientific
and methodological works of Russian specialists were completed. The inconsistent
results of research on the dynamics of identical indicators of physical fitness of children
of preschool and primary school age, in terms of their growth rates, taking into account
gender, individual differences, etc. are explained by the fact that: 1) the authors made
their conclusions based on the use of a different number of tests (from 3-6, mainly up to
about two dozen); 2) in some cases, tests were used to assess physical fitness, the results
of which depended on the level of mastery of the technique of a particular exercise; 3)
separate similar tests, for example, «strength» or «endurance» were performed from
different starting positions, they were of different duration or different coordination
complexity; 4) when assessing physical fitness some authors used «condition tests» to
a greater extent, while others used the coordination component. Recommendations are
given on how to come to a consensus among specialists on the creation of a unified
battery of tests for assessing children's physical fitness, both scientifically and in practice.
Pregnancy With Congenital Abnormalities from Marriage of a Different Ethnic: a Very Rare Case
Authors: Dalimunthe Sofyan Qadri Rozi , Maharani Cut Rika
Published: January 2025

Bladder exstrophy (BE) is one of the rare congenital abnormalities. This congenital disorder is also serious, with characteristics such as a spectrum of disorders involving the walls of the ventral body, the urogenital tract, the pelvis, the spine, and the anus. The incidence rate of this case is 1 per 30,000 to 50,000 live births. The case study reported the findings of congenital bladder extrophy in a 29-year-old Acehnese woman married to an Indian citizen, with a diagnosis of G3P0A2 38-39 weeks pregnant, coming with complaints. The mother felt the discharge of water. The patient admitted to being 9 months pregnant with HPHT 27/1/2021 and TTP 3/11/21 according to the gestational age of 38-39 weeks. The patient has a history of the disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Initial laboratory examination findings showed hyperglycemia at 256 mg/dL. Ultrasound examination found a single head presentation of the fetus alive with a mass in the abdomen of the fetus. The patient is planning to have an emergency cesarean section and is consulted by the internal medicine department for blood sugar regulation. Postpartum findings in infants with hernia, umbilical cord, Bladder Exstrophy, epispadia, and symphysiolysis will be consulted to the Division of Pediatric Surgery. This case report describes a pregnancy with congenital abnormalities and Bladder Exstrophy. Prenatal diagnosis allows the medical team to prepare for a multispecialty approach. It also gives parents time to prepare and adjust to expectations related to labor and the neonatal period, as well as potential complications and long-term prognosis.
Semantic Analysis of 'Song For The Last Act' by Louise Bogan
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni
Published: January 2025

This study conducts a semantic analysis of Louise Bogan's poem "Song for the Last Act," focusing on two primary research questions: (1) How is the meaning of death expressed in Bogan's poem? and (2) How do social and cultural contexts influence the interpretation of this poem? The analysis reveals that Bogan employs rich imagery and metaphorical language to convey the inevitability and complexity of death, reflecting both personal and universal themes. Additionally, the socio-cultural backdrop of Bogan's time, particularly the early 20th century's shifting attitudes towards mortality and existentialism, significantly shapes the poem's interpretation. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, this study draws on literary theory and contextual analysis to explore these dimensions in depth. The findings underscore the intricate relationship between text and context, illustrating how Bogan's work resonates with contemporary readers while remaining rooted in its historical milieu.
Green Nanotechnology for Oral Health (GNOH): Patch Nano-Hydrogel Berbasis Daun Sirih Sebagai Terapi Sariawan Efektif
Authors: Akbar Rizki Zaelani , Yuslianti Euis Reni
Published: January 2025

Green nanotechnology memberikan peluang besar dalam pengembangan produk kesehatan berbasis alam yang inovatif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi patch nano-hydrogel berbasis ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) sebagai terapi efektif untuk sariawan (stomatitis aftosa). Daun sirih dipilih karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang terbukti memiliki sifat antimikroba, antiinflamasi, dan penyembuhan luka. Teknologi nano-hydrogel memungkinkan kontrol pelepasan senyawa aktif secara bertahap, meningkatkan efektivitas dan kenyamanan penggunaan. Metode penelitian mencakup ekstraksi daun sirih, sintesis nano-hydrogel dengan teknik polimerisasi silang, karakterisasi produk menggunakan FTIR, SEM, dan analisis kapasitas pelepasan senyawa aktif. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans, serta secara in vivo untuk mengamati percepatan penyembuhan sariawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa patch nano-hydrogel daun sirih memiliki kemampuan pelepasan senyawa aktif yang terkontrol, dengan aktivitas antimikroba signifikan dan peningkatan penyembuhan luka dibandingkan terapi konvensional. Inovasi ini menunjukkan potensi besar dalam aplikasi klinis sebagai alternatif terapi sariawan yang aman, efektif, dan ramah lingkungan.
The Effect of Reproductive Health Education About Menstrual Disorders on Adolescents at The Al-Madinah Integrated Islamic Boarding School, Malati Jonggol Village in 2024
Authors: Juwita Sinta Dwi , Aprianti Nurul Azmi , Hidayah Nur Rahmah
Published: January 2025

Menstruation usually occurs for 3-7 days. The time period from the first day of menstruation to the first day of menstruation the following month is called the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle pattern is said to be normal if it occurs not <21 days and not >35 days. Menstrual cycle disorders that many women experience are cycles that last >35 days (oligomenorrhea), short menstrual cycles <21 days (polymenorrhea), and even not experiencing menstruation for 3 months in a row (amenorrhea). Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the influence of polymenorrhea education in adolescents on adolescent knowledge at the Terpadi Al-Madinah Jonggol Islamic Boarding School in 2024. Research Method: This research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental type of research through pretest and post-test activities. Results: The results of the study showed that there was an increase in knowledge after being given reproductive health education about polymenorrhea in adolescents. Conclusion: There is an effect of increasing knowledge after providing education to adolescents on reproductive health.
THE EFFECTS OF JOB STRESS, MOTIVATION AND WORK CONFLICT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Herminingsih Anik
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of stress levels, work motivation, and work conflict on employee performance at PT Tira Austenite Tbk. The study's population comprised 340 employees, from which a sample of 185 was determined using the Slovin formula and random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SEM Partial Least Square (SPLS) with the Smart-PLS version 3.0 program, involving two stages: the measurement model and the structural model. The measurement model was tested for validity through convergent validity, discriminant validity, and average variance extracted, while reliability was assessed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. The results of the hypothesis test show that work stress does not have a significant effect on employee productivity, while work conflict has a negative and significant effect. The findings can inform management practices and interventions aimed at improving employee performance, ultimately contributing to more effective workforce management strategies. Furthermore, longitudinal studies that track changes in employee performance over time in response to implemented motivational strategies could provide valuable insights into the long-term effectiveness of such interventions.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting and Mitigating Cyber Threats
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Uddin Imran , Das Rana , Saha Tuhalika , Haque Engr. S.K. Moududul , Shatu Nahid Reza , Shafiq Shafiqul Islam
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into cybersecurity has revolutionized the detection and mitigation of cyber threats, addressing the growing complexity and sophistication of attacks. This study explores AI's effectiveness in identifying threats such as malware, phishing, and zero-day vulnerabilities while automating threat responses and enhancing proactive defense mechanisms. It highlights key challenges, including adversarial attacks, data quality issues, algorithmic biases, and integration complexities with legacy systems. Emerging technologies such as federated learning, blockchain, and edge computing offer promising solutions to overcome these barriers. Ethical and regulatory considerations are also addressed, emphasizing the need for responsible AI adoption in cybersecurity. The findings underscore AI's transformative potential in cybersecurity and provide actionable recommendations for its effective implementation. The study concludes that while AI presents significant advantages, addressing its limitations through interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous innovation is critical to maximizing its impact.
The Impact of Chemical Composition of Processed Foods on Human Health in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Birupaksha , Chowdhury Mohammad Rafiqul Islam , Sayem Sayed , Hasan Abidul , Hossain Md. Shamim
Published: January 2025

Processed foods have become a staple in the diet of many Bangladeshis due to urbanization and changing lifestyles. However, their chemical composition raises significant public health concerns. Investigating chemical composition of processed food consumption in Bangladesh and evaluating its relationship to dietary quality are the goals of this study. This study applies data from a nationwide household food budget survey to a classification of foods based on the kind, degree, and purpose of food processing. Foods are divided into three categories: chemical composition of processed food (Group 3), processed culinary components (Group 2), and unprocessed or slightly processed foods (Group 1). The population was selected from Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The result of this study is the average per capita energy availability from food purchases was 8908 (SE 81) kJ/d (2129 (SE 19) kcal/d). Chemical composition of processed foods accounted for more than 61.7 percent of dietary energy (Group 3), compared to 25.6 percent from Group 1 and 12.7 percent from Group 2. The total diet included less fiber than advised and surpassed WHO upper limits for fat, saturated fat, free sugars, and sodium density. Additionally, it surpassed the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research's average energy density goal. When combined, Group 3 products are higher in fat, sugar, salt, and energy density than Group 1 and Group 2 products alone. According to the current analysis, any significant dietary change would need consuming significantly fewer chemical composition of processed food and a greater number of meals and dishes made with minimally processed foods and processed culinary components.
Financial Analysis in Rail System Enterprises: Application of The Republic of Turkey State Railways Transportation Company
Authors: Ari Hüseyin , Onay Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Financial analysis is a fundamental tool used to measure a company's financial condition and performance, particularly its profitability and operational efficiency. This study examines the applicability of financial analysis in railway system operations, specifically focusing on the Republic of Turkey State Railways Transportation Company. The study aims to validate the importance of financial analysis in the railway transportation sector and assess the company's financial condition and performance. The company's basic financial statements, such as the balance sheet and income statement, were analyzed to provide insights into its financial health regarding liquidity, debt, and profitability. Additionally, methods such as ratio analysis were employed to compare the financial performance with past years and to make inferences about potential future performance. The study's results indicate that while the company’s financial health is generally strong, there are areas where improvements can be made. Efforts to enhance operational efficiency and implement more effective cost-control measures are recommended to the company. The findings suggest that financial analysis significantly affect in the company’s strategic planning processes. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the importance and applicability of financial analysis in railway system operations through the example of the company in question. Financial analysis can be used as a tool to help railway system enterprises understand their financial condition, make strategic decisions, and ensure long-term sustainability.
Demiryollarında Araç Kaynaklı Yol Yüklerinin Belirlenmesi İçin Ölçüme Dayalı Hesaplamalı Bir Yöntemin Geliştirilmesi ve Simülasyon Ortamında Analizi
Authors: Bulduk Nihat , Metin Muzaffer , Marabaoğlu Deren
Published: January 2025

Demiryolu taşıtlarının hareketi sırasında, taşıtın hızı, kütlesi, tekerlek, ray ve yol geometrisi, sürtünme katsayısı gibi parametrelerin etkisiyle tekerlek-ray temas bölgesinde raylara dinamik bir etki oluşmaktadır. Raya yanal ve düşey yönde etkiyen bu kuvvetler rayı tasarım geometrisinden sapmaya zorlar ve derayman riski doğurur. Özellikle kurplarda meydana gelen yanal kuvvetler deraymanın en büyük sebeplerindendir. Bu nedenle raylara etkiyen tekerlek kuvvetlerinin anlık olarak takip edilebilmesi özellikle demiryollarını ilk hizmete alırken oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca, demiryollarında zamanla yaşanan deformasyonlar nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilecek deraymanın önüne geçmek için yol bakım çalışmalarının zamanında yapılması hayati öneme sahiptir. Doğru ve etkin bakım çalışması yapabilmek için de raya etkiyen kuvvetlerin periyodik olarak izlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, raya etkiyen yanal ve düşey kuvvetlerin anlık olarak belirlenebilmesi için, araç üzerinden yapılacak çeşitli ölçümlerle elde edilecek verilerin çeşitli hesaplamalarla işlenerek kullanıldığı yeni bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemde kullanılacak hesaplama denklemleri Newton’un ikinci yasası kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Denklemin içerisinde işlenecek değişkenler ise süspansiyon sapmaları, boji gövdesi ve tekerlek seti ivmeleri gibi anlık değişen parametrelerdir. Araç üzerinde ölçülen bu ve benzeri verilerin denklemlerde kullanılması sonucu raya etkiyen yanal ve düşey kuvvetlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Saha testleri öncesinde oluşturulan metodun doğruluğunu araştırmak için profesyonel projelerde ve akademide yaygın olarak kullanılan SIMPACK çoklu gövdeli dinamik simülasyon yazılımında aynı araç ve yol modeli oluşturulmuştur. Aynı zamanda, analitik metotla geliştirilen dinamik denklemler MATLAB/Simulink programında modellenmiştir. Her iki model (analitik ve sayısal) ile yapılan eş simülasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen düşey ve yanal tekerlek temas kuvvet çıktıları, geliştirilen denklemlerin tutarlı olup olmadığını görmek amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyonlarda taşıtın 60 km/sa hızla düz yolda ilerlediği ve aynı hızla 200 metre yarıçaplı 14 cm dever yüksekliğe sahip bir kurptan geçtiği varsayılmıştır. Her iki modelden elde edilen simülasyon çıktıları karşılaştırıldığında, düz yolda yanal ve düşey tekerlek temas kuvvetlerinin %99’un üzerinde, kurpta ise yanal tekerlek temas kuvvetinin %94’ün ve düşey tekerlek temas kuvvetlerinin de %97’in üzerinde tutarlı sonuçlar elde edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, geliştirilen denklemlerin içerisinde kullanılan değişkenlerin saha ölçümlerinde araç üzerinden ölçülebilecek nitelikte olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu bakımdan, literatüre şehir içi demiryolu hatlarında araçlardan raylara etkiyen kuvvetlerin anlık olarak izlenebilmesini sağlayan uygulanabilir bir yöntem kazandırılmıştır.
Tren Setlerinin Fren Disklerinde Meydana Gelen Aşınma Problemine Karşı Kompozit Balata Kompozisyonlarında Nitril Kauçuk Kullanımının Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Ünal Abdülkadir , Demirdalmış Ozan
Published: January 2025

Fren balataları ve fren diskleri belirli bir ömrü olan ve sürekli değiştirilmesi gereken sarf malzemelerdir. Bu nedenle tren setlerinin fren sistemlerinde kullanılan sürtünme çiftlerinin birbirleriyle uyumlu çalışmasının yanı sıra az aşınmaları ve böylece servis ömürlerinin uzaması arzu edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada dinamometre testleri sırasında fren disklerinde çatlamaya neden olan bir fren balatası kompozisyonuna nitril kauçuk ilavesi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra nitril kauçuk içeren ve içermeyen balataların karakteristiğinin belirlenmesi için balatalar fiziksel ve mekanik olarak bir dizi teste tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar balata kompozisyonuna kauçuk ilavesiyle birlikte balatada sertlik oranının düştüğünü, böylece balatanın fren diskine ilk alışma sürecinin kısaldığı ve disklerde meydana gelen aşınma miktarının azaldığını göstermiştir. Mekanik test sonuçları ise kauçuk içeren fren balatalarının sürtünme katsayılarının daha stabil hale gelerek seyir güvenliğini artırdığını göstermiştir.
Ray Bağlantı Elemanlarının Deneysel ve Yapay Zekâ Destekli Korozyon Direncinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Dursunlar Mustafa , Taş Zakir
Published: January 2025

Gezegenimizdeki küresel iklim değişikliği son yıllarda olumsuz etkilerini iyice hissettirmeye başlamıştır. Bu durum atmosfer koşullarını değiştirmekte ve mühendislik yapıları için tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Ağır iklim ve atmosfer koşulları altında işletilen demiryolları için özellikle ray bağlantı elemanlarının mekanik özellikleri yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada HM tipi ray-travers bağlantısındaki 38Si7 kimyasal bileşime sahip SKL14 gergi kıskacının EN ISO 9227 standardında deneysel olarak yapay atmosferde tuz püskürtme korozyon testleri yapılmıştır. Test sonuçlarında ilk pas 0,5 saat ve tamamen pas 1 saatte gözlemlenmiştir. 1 saat sonundaki ağırlık kaybı 0,0137 g olarak ölçülmüştür. Korozyon hızı 0,000749 mm/yıl (0,749 µm/yıl) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Deneysel korozyon verileriyle yapay zekâ destekli makine öğrenmesi yardımıyla tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak kaplamasız gergi kıskaçlarının korozyon performansının demiryolu standartları ve kullanımı için uygun olup olmadığı hem deneysel hem de yapay zekâ destekli olarak açıklanmıştır.
Metro Hattı Cer Gücü Elektrifikasyonunun Güvenilirlik ve Hata Ağacı Analizi
Authors: Ölmez Turan , Ölmez Büşra
Published: January 2025

Demiryolu sisteminin en önemli bileşenlerinden biri, tren hareketi için gerekli enerjiyi sağlamaktan sorumlu olan cer gücü sistemidir. DC cer güç kaynağı sisteminin güvenli ve güvenilir bir şekilde çalışması, tüm kentsel demiryolu ulaşım sisteminin temelini oluşturur. DC cer güç kaynağı sistemi arıza analizi, koruması ve güç sistemi güvenilirlik değerlendirmesi hakkında araştırma yapmak çok önemlidir. Raylı sistemlerin sürekliliği, güç tedarikinin performansından önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Demiryolu cer gücü elektrifikasyon sisteminin gelişmesiyle ve raylı sistemler yolcu sayısının artmasıyla birlikte RAMS kavramı, Güvenilirlik (R), Kullanılabilirlik (A), Bakım yapılabilirlik (M) ve Emniyet (S) önemi artmıştır. Bundan dolayı, cer gücü elektrifikasyon sisteminin yüksek güvenilirliğini analiz etmek ve iyileştirme çalışmalarının yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu makalede, Metro İstanbul A.Ş. cer gücü sistemi güvenilirliği ile ilgili endeks sunulmaktadır ve Hata Ağacı Analizi (FTA) yaklaşımını kullanarak güvenilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu makale sistem güvenilirliğini artırmanın ve cer gücü elektrifikasyonunun güvenilirlik endeksini artırmak için öneriler sunmaktadır.