bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le jury criminel dans la tradition politique américaine
Authors: Calvès Gwénaële
Published: March 2024

Aux États-Unis, le jury incarne un contrepoids local au pouvoir fédéral. Loin d’être le fruit d’une intime conviction, la délibération du jury exprime l’idée d’un bien commun unanimement atteint par delà les différences. La crise actuelle de cette conception vient de la non-discrimination de l’accès aux fonctions de juré acquise dans les années soixante : face au risque de préjugement induit par ses appartenances raciales ou sexuelles, la démarche du jury s’efforce d’atteindre une neutralisation de points de vue différents mais nullement irréductibles.
Gender mainstreaming : Une approche trop quantifiée ? Une analyse au départ du droit fédéral belge
Authors: Mercier Sophie
Published: March 2024

À partir du milieu des années 90, les différents États ont pris conscience de la nécessité d’intégrer la dimension de genre au sein de toutes les politiques publiques. Pour ce faire, chaque État a eu une marge de manœuvre très large pour instituer cette approche. En Belgique, et en particulier au niveau fédéral, plusieurs instruments ont été développés pour réaliser cet objectif. Cette contribution revient sur une partie de ces instruments et analyse la manière dont ils sont instaurés et puis implémentés. Nous chercherons à démontrer que le droit encadrant ces outils favorise tendanciellement une dimension chiffrée du gender mainstreaming. Nous considèrerons les forces et les faiblesses d’une telle logique de rationalisation pour pouvoir répondre à la question suivante : le gender mainstreaming relève-t-il d’une approche trop quantifiée en droit fédéral belge ?
Johann Gottlieb. Fichte lecteur de notre mondialisation. Une critique radicale de l’échange international
Authors: Pouch Thierry
Published: March 2024

Toute nation participant à la division internationale du travail retire nécessairement un gain économique supérieur à une situation d’autarcie. C’est le message fondamental, normatif, de toutes les écoles théoriques ayant œuvré à la compréhension des fondements de l’échange entre les pays. Le protectionnisme est par conséquent très souvent vilipendé par les économistes qui y voient un frein à la circulation internationale des biens et des services, bloquant ainsi la croissance, l’emploi et l’élévation des niveaux de vie. Le questionnement actuel portant sur les gains que les nations et les populations ont réellement retiré de la mondialisation, sur les inégalités que cette mondialisation aurait occasionnées, suggèrent de rouvrir l’œuvre de Johann Gottlieb Fichte, qui, pour avoir été présent dans certaines écoles de pensée économique, est aujourd’hui totalement absent. Dans L’État commercial fermé , il adresse en effet une critique virulente aux économistes qui, soit prônent le libre-échange, soit le protectionnisme. Fichte estimait que les avancées de la métaphysique devaient être appliquées à la vie réelle. C’est pourquoi son ouvrage contient l’une des premières doctrines du socialisme d’État. La situation présente de la mondialisation peut redonner du lustre à une approche aujourd’hui oubliée des économistes.
La question de la connaissance a priori en sciences sociales : les points de vue de Simiand, Mises et Simmel
Authors: Robitaille Christian
Published: March 2024

Les sciences sociales contemporaines se caractérisent par un abandon de la quête d’une véritable connaissance a priori non-relativiste. D’une part, les méthodes quantitatives et le positivisme méthodologique rejettent en général la possibilité de l’acquisition de ce type de savoir. D’autre part, les méthodes qualitatives et les approches herméneutiques, lorsqu’elles ne cherchent pas explicitement à obtenir des connaissances a posteriori , se caractérisent généralement par un apriorisme sceptique selon lequel l’adoption de n’importe quelle perspective ou cadre théorique est considérée valable. Cet article propose d’évaluer trois perspectives différentes sur la possibilité de la connaissance a priori en sciences sociales, c’est-à-dire celles de François Simiand (critique de l’apriorisme), Ludwig von Mises (partisan de l’apriorisme praxéologique) et de Georg Simmel (initiateur d’un apriorisme formaliste). Cette évaluation comparative permet de mettre en évidence la portée et les limites de l’apriorisme en ce qui a trait à l’acquisition de connaissances en sciences sociales. Elle permet, en dernière analyse, de rendre à l’apriorisme ses lettres de noblesse et d’ainsi faciliter son éventuel retour sous une forme qui échapperait au relativisme actuel.
Le Dieu de Leibniz et l’entrepreneur capitaliste
Authors: Rateau Paul
Published: March 2024

L’article vise à montrer les difficultés théoriques que soulève l’interprétation de Leibniz proposée par Jon Elster. L’analogie entre l’entrepreneur capitaliste et le Dieu leibnizien, pour séduisante qu’elle soit, apparaît fragile sinon superficielle. La conclusion évoque la nécessité de réintroduire le point de vue du « consommateur » pour définir l’ optimum à atteindre, en esquissant un parallèle entre la théorie de l’équilibre général et la théodicée.
Les connaissances infirmières mobilisées en phase aigüe de l’accident vasculaire cérébral : une étude exploratoire qualitative descriptive
Authors: Setnikar Alexandra , Lecordier Didier
Published: March 2024

L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est un problème de santé publique majeur dans lequel les infirmières s’investissent, dans le domaine des soins et de la recherche. La littérature met en évidence une description de leurs activités de soins sur la maladie et les fonctions altérées, ainsi que sur l’expérience de la personne victime d’un AVC. L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire les connaissances mobilisées par les infirmières quand elles prennent soin de la personne en phase aigüe de l’AVC. Cette enquête exploratoire qualitative descriptive multicentrique a été conduite auprès d’infirmières exerçant en unité neurovasculaire au moyen d’entretiens non directifs. L’analyse qualitative thématique a permis de décrire leurs activités, puis de mettre en évidence les connaissances et savoirs mobilisés. Les résultats montrent que les infirmières s’expriment aisément sur les savoirs issus de la médecine, et plus difficilement sur les savoirs issus des sciences humaines et sociales, et des sciences infirmières. Pourtant, elles combinent souvent ces savoirs dans une perspective de soins infirmiers. Ce travail ouvre des pistes pour soutenir les connaissances infirmières déjà mobilisées et pour développer les savoirs infirmiers (concepts et théories de soins) pertinents dans le contexte de l’AVC. Les résultats encouragent aussi une analyse réflexive sur leur expérience.
Analyse des environnements de recherche doctorales en design en entreprises
Authors: Rapin Loélia , Artignan Lucile , Fournier Mélina
Published: March 2024

L’émergence de travaux de recherche en design en entreprise et le peu de littérature scientifique existante sur le sujet nous ont amenées à témoigner de notre expérience de designers en recherche doctorale dans le cadre de contrats industriels CIFRE. Avec cet article, nous souhaitons contribuer à la documentation de ce format de recherche. Nous tentons de comprendre comment les environnements sont formés et comment ils peuvent exercer une influence sur les dynamiques de recherches doctorales en design en entreprise. À travers un processus qui mêle autoethnographie et représentation graphique, cet article esquisse trois situations de recherche doctorales en design en entreprise et les dynamiques communes qu’elles mettent en jeu. La définition d’un langage graphique commun permet d’apporter certains éléments de réponse sur la façon dont le positionnement de l’acteur industriel, l’intégration de la pratique de design et la discussion pluridisciplinaire jouent un rôle important dans l’environnement de recherche doctorale en design en entreprise. Enfin, nous discutons des influences stratégiques, méthodologiques et épistémologiques qu’elles peuvent avoir sur les dynamiques de recherche.
Sur un âge des ombres politiques. Secret et complots dans la France des monarchies censitaires (1820-1848)
Authors: Tardy Jean-Noël
Published: March 2024

Contrairement à une idée reçue bien enracinée, la conspiration ou le complot, pour reprendre la terminologie du code pénal, n’implique pas nécessairement le secret. La loi insiste sur la résolution d’agir contre le gouvernement et le pacte entre les conjurés. Par ailleurs, depuis la Révolution française, le secret en politique a mauvaise presse et il est volontiers associé à l’arbitraire et au despotisme. La démocratie, même en danger, n’a rien à dissimuler. Cette vision du monde est bouleversée par la résistance soulevée par les idées des Lumières et le retour au pouvoir des monarchies traditionnelles après 1815. En plein essor du romantisme artistique, la conspiration et le recours au secret s’imposent comme des moyens d’action légitimes sinon efficaces pour lutter contre un ordre politique injuste. Pour les conspirateurs, le secret, perçu à l’origine comme contingent, fait l’objet de réflexions complexes évoluant avec les conceptions théologico-politiques des révolutionnaires.
Digitalization and industry 4.0: What skills improve professional behaviours?
Authors: Aranda-Jiménez José-Ramón , De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen , Campos-García Irene , San-Martín José , Cosculluela-Martínez Carolina
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To identify the skills that, in the processes of digitalization and Industry 4.0, contribute to improving the professional behaviours of the employees involved in these processes.Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, a Delphi study was carried out, collecting the opinions of 38 teaching and professional experts, through face-to-face meetings or by videoconference, and analysing their opinions using descriptive statistics and structural equation models.Findings: The results obtained show that the key skills for improving professional behaviours are teamwork, conduct, management, and problem-solving, which influence most of the behaviours studied.Originality/value: In practice, these results allow companies to be guided in terms of employee training in relation to digitalization skills and assist their selection processes. Additionally, educational institutions can review their study plans, increasing the relevance of the skills that companies value the most.
Arrhythmia classification based on multi-feature multi-path parallel deep convolutional neural networks and improved focal loss
Authors: Ran Zhongnan , Jiang Mingfeng , Li Yang , Wang Zhefeng , Wu Yongquan , Ke Wei , Xia Ling
Published: March 2024

Early diagnosis of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can provide useful information for the prevention and detection of arrhythmia diseases. Due to the similarities in Normal beat (N) and Supraventricular Premature Beat (S) categories and imbalance of ECG categories, arrhythmia classification cannot achieve satisfactory classification results under the inter-patient assessment paradigm. In this paper, a multi-path parallel deep convolutional neural network was proposed for arrhythmia classification. Furthermore, a global average RR interval was introduced to address the issue of similarities between N vs. S categories, and a weighted loss function was developed to solve the imbalance problem using the dynamically adjusted weights based on the proportion of each class in the input batch. The MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset was used to validate the classification performances of the proposed method. Experimental results under the intra-patient evaluation paradigm and inter-patient evaluation paradigm showed that the proposed method could achieve better classification results than other methods. Among them, the accuracy, average sensitivity, average precision, and average specificity under the intra-patient paradigm were 98.73%, 94.89%, 89.38%, and 98.24%, respectively. The accuracy, average sensitivity, average precision, and average specificity under the inter-patient paradigm were 91.22%, 89.91%, 68.23%, and 95.23%, respectively.
Assessing agglomeration processes in Russian second-tier urban agglomerations
Authors: Voroshilov Nikolai , Kozhevnikov Sergei
Published: March 2024

One of Russia's strategic objectives is to identify and create conditions to ensure accelerated development of promising centers of economic growth in the country's regions. In practice, most of these centers are cities of different levels of hierarchy, which create or have the potential to create urban agglomerations on their basis. At the same time, at present, most attention is paid to the study of the largest and large urban agglomerations not only in domestic, but also in the world science; while the real prerequisites and processes of second-tier agglomerations development are studied rather poorly. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to analyze and identify the specifics of agglomeration processes in several Russian second-tier agglomerations. To achieve this purpose, we used a wide range of both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, structural-functional, etc.) and applied economic and mathematical methods (index method, correlation analysis, calculation of the Theil index). The main conclusions of the research was that the key trend of these agglomerations' development was the increasing concentration of an already high share of regional production, investment, and population against the background of growing intra-regional heterogeneity. At the same time, agglomeration processes themselves spread only to the territory closest to the core, which is manifested in the convergence of growth rates of these territories in terms of key socio-economic indicators. All this proves the underdevelopment of the satellite zone of second-tier agglomerations and the hypertrophied development of the core: weak interconnectedness of their reproductive processes, which may be a threat to the development of such agglomerations as integrated socio-economic systems and growth centers of regional and macro-regional significance in the future. The authors showed that a number of northern/arctic agglomerations (Surgut, Arkhangelsk) have a significant development potential due to not only the formed economic base of their satellite zone, but also socio-economic connectivity along the line "core-satellite zone". The scientific novelty of the presented research lies in the development of approaches, substantiation of methodological tools for assessing agglomeration processes, and identification of the specifics of these processes in Russian second-tier agglomerations on the basis of its testing.
Variability in seed quality traits in castor germplasm
Authors: Velasco L. , Pérez-Vich B. , Garcés R. , Fernández-Martínez J.M.
Published: March 2024

Castor is an industrial oilseed crop with great potential for biorefineries. However, little is known about the variability in the bioactive compounds in castor germplasm. This study evaluated seed weight, oil content, fatty acid profile, tocopherols, and phytosterols in 160 accessions of the USDA-ARS castor germplasm collection. The accessions were grown in Cordoba, Spain, under three different environmental conditions. Environmental and genotype-by-environment interaction effects were predominant for most traits, resulting in moderate to low broad-sense heritabilities, which ranged from 0.12 for total tocopherol content to 0.88 for hundred-seed weight. The genetic variability in the seed quality traits identified in the collection was lower than that reported previously for the germplasm of wild and semi-wild accessions from Spain, which is attributed to the lower genetic diversity in cultivated than in wild forms. The variation in seed quality traits in castor germplasm can be exploited to improve the concentration of bioactive compounds in castor cultivars.
Sociedad y cultura en los puentes de Madrid
Authors: Gil-Plana Álvaro , Hernández Lamas Patricia , Martín-Caro Álamo José Antonio , Cabau Anchuelo Beatriz , Bernabéu Larena Jorge
Published: March 2024

Los puentes no son sólo estructuras funcionales; casi siempre asumen valores sociales y culturales. Este hecho se percibe con mayor intensidad en los puentes urbanos. Se estudia aquí la vinculación de estos puentes del municipio de Madrid con la ciudadanía y la vida social, y su presencia en diferentes expresiones culturales desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad. Desde los más antiguos puentes sobre el Manzanares hasta los más modernos de la periferia, pasando por los urbanos, las Rondas y la M-30, se realiza un recorrido por sus apariciones más relevantes en la literatura, la pintura y el cine, así como por su actual valor y significación social para los madrileños. Los puentes de Madrid construyen sociedad y son cultura.
¿Deberían poder usarse vigas planas de hormigón armado en zona sísmica?
Authors: Gómez Martínez Fernando
Published: March 2024

El Anejo Nacional al Eurocódigo 8 prohíbe el uso de vigas planas de hormigón para sismicidad media y alta, y tanto NCSE-02 como la norma italiana NTC impedían su proyecto en ductilidad alta, por desventajas como: transmisión deficiente de esfuerzos al pilar y menor rigidez, ductilidad, disipación, resistencia de nudos y jerarquía pilar-viga. Esta tendencia mediterránea es opuesta a la europea e internacional, donde se permiten las vigas planas con límite de anchura y suficiente sobredimensionando de pilares para garantizar la rigidez lateral. La revisión normativa y experimental sugiere que la limitación de ancho garantiza la transmisión y disipación, mientras que la realización de dos estudios analíticos apunta a que el incremento de sobrerresistencia y ductilidad causados por el engrosamiento de pilares garantiza una capacidad global al menos equiparable a los pórticos de vigas de canto, sugiriendo que el uso de vigas planas podría ser una opción en zona sísmica.
Fisac y el cine: los estudios Bronston en Las Matas
Authors: Sánchez Lampreave Ricardo , Anton Barco Maria
Published: March 2024

A finales de la década de los cincuenta Miguel Fisac recibe el encargo de diseñar los estudios cinematográficos del productor estadounidense de origen ruso Samuel Bronson en las afueras de Madrid. El malogrado proyecto nunca vio la luz, pero dejó las fotografías de una gran maqueta y unos interesantes croquis y esquemas en los que Fisac estudió la ordenación de un conjunto de gran escala siguiendo un esquema de modernidad funcionalista de bloques abiertos para programas fraccionados. Este proyecto constituye la mayor ordenación de las proyectadas por Fisac, casi una pequeña ciudad. Los aspectos constructivos y estructurales del proyecto muestran los temas que tiene sobre la mesa en ese momento y las soluciones son reconocibles en otros proyectos de esa década.
L’École des Femmes par le Théâtre à la Source
Authors: Clerc Pierre-Alain
Published: March 2024

Entre 2013 et 2018 s'est constituée entre Lausanne, Montpellier et Paris la troupe du Théâtre à la Source : le projet consistait à jouer L'Ecole des Femmes de Molière en appliquant rigoureusement tout ce qu'on sait sur le théâtre du XVIIème siècle. Le choix s'est porté sur cette comédie en raison de tous les témoignages issus de la querelle suscitée par cette pièce. Le travail réunissait des chercheurs, praticiens et universitaires français et suisses. Il s'est développé par étapes, jalonnées par plusieurs journées d'études qui ont abordé divers sujets : décor, costumes, prononciation, déclamation, art oratoire, débit, geste, position en scène, direction des regards, influences italiennes, musique jouée durant les entractes. Le résultat propose non pas une version restituée mais hypothétique, dans la démarche dite historiquement informée. Les protagonistes en furent Pierre-Alain Clerc, Michaël Bouffard, Bénédicte Louvat, Olivier Bettens, Matthieu Franchin, avec l'aimable participation de nombreux chercheurs et amis, dont Jean-Noël Laurenti.
Le Paysage médical au temps de Molière
Authors: Berriot-Salvadore Evelyne
Published: March 2024

Les thérapeutes qui apparaissent dans le théâtre de Molière marquent très fortement leur appartenance à une vieille institution dont il convient d’abord de comprendre les complexes rouages. Quels sont les rapports, quelles sont les hiérarchies entre médecin, chirurgien, apothicaire, les trois principaux acteurs de l’art d’Esculape ? Le XVIIe siècle est une période où les espaces de savoir et de pouvoir se déplacent et provoquent ainsi de nouvelles tensions entre médecins de cour et médecins de ville, entre faculté et cercles savants, enfin entre facultés elles-mêmes (comme celle de Paris et celle de Montpellier). Ces oppositions, parfois brutales, se cristallisent à l’occasion de débats (circulation du sang, polypharmacie, hystérie) dont les enjeux ne sont pas seulement scientifiques.
De quelques vrais-faux malades et médecins sur la scène anglaise (1580–1610)
Authors: Valls-Russell Janice
Published: March 2024

Placé sous le double signe de John Hall, médecin de Stratford-upon-Avon, et des Edward’s Boys, comédiens-collégiens de King Edward VI School dans cette même ville, spécialistes du répertoire anglais de la première modernité, cet article propose quelques scènes médicales dans le théâtre des années 1580–1610. Après un rappel des termes qui désignaient ceux que nous appelons « médecins », nous présentons trois types de scènes : celles qui, dans La Comédie des erreurs de William Shakespeare ou A Mad World My Masters de Thomas Middleton, explorent un comique de situation à travers le jeu d’un « malade malgré lui » ou d’un faux médecin au chevet d’une fausse malade ; celles qui, dans des tragédies comme Tamerlan, de Christopher Marlowe, et Macbeth, de Shakespeare, constatent l’impuissance du médecin ; et celles qui, dans des tragi-comédies ou « romances » comme The Gentleman Usher, de George Chapman ou Périclès, de Shakespeare, mettent en scène une médecine que Chapman décrit comme réparatrice.
Le Dottor Graziano et les médecins dans les canevas de Flaminio Scala (1611) : chirurgiens, guérisseurs de folie et nécromants
Authors: Berger Cécile
Published: March 2024

Cette étude rappelle d’une part les caractéristiques typiques du masque buffo du théâtre italien qu’est le personnage du Docteur dans les canevas dell’arte. D’autre part, elle dresse le profil de l’un des premiers qui incarna le Docteur Graziano, le comédien Lodovico De’ Bianchi qui a largement inspiré les Docteurs du Teatro delle favole rappresentative de Flaminio Scala publié en 1611. L’analyse des canevas de Scala permet alors de dessiner non seulement les contours de la figure du Docteur, plus souvent savant pédant ridicule que médecin, mais aussi de celle des médecins, vrais ou faux, apothicaires ou nécromants intervenant dans ces canevas. Centré sur un corpus théâtral italien témoin de la période entre les XVIe et XVIIe siècles, l’article étudie non seulement le style scénique (rhétorique, gestuelle et tenue vestimentaire) de ces personnages liés à la pratique de la médecine, mais tente de mesurer les limites de leur portée satirique.
Médecins comiques, médecins tragiques dans le théâtre espagnol du Siècle d’Or
Authors: Couderc Christophe
Published: March 2024

La figure du médecin est présente dans la tradition folklorique espagnole, dans les contes et les proverbes et, de ce fait, dans le théâtre du Siècle d’or. Sa présence y est cependant discrète. La veine satirique et burlesque est exploitée dans les genres brefs (entremeses), dont la représentation s’insérait entre celle des actes des « grandes » comedias. Dans ces dernières, on retrouve la figure caricaturale du médecin charlatan, mais certains auteurs, comme Tirso de Molina dans El amor médico, octroient à la médecine un traitement plus original. À l’autre extrémité de l’arc générique, mais de façon non moins complexe, Calderón, dans la tragédie El médico de su honra, intègre également médecin et médecine dans la trame de sa pièce.
Poétique et politique dans les performances des Ultras marocains
Authors: Ziamari Karima , Caubet Dominique , Miller Catherine
Published: March 2024

Avec le développement des groupes d’Ultras au Maroc à partir des années 2005-2006, la présence des supporters dans les stades a donné lieu à de véritables performances, où les groupes ultras rivalisent de créativité et d’expressivité. Ces performances sont aujourd’hui amplement relayées ou créées sur les sites web et les réseaux sociaux. Jusqu’en 2018, la circulation de ces slogans et chants restait plutôt interne au monde des supporters. Fin 2018 et début 2019, les Ultras se sont invités de façon plus visible dans l’expression contestataire. À partir d’un corpus de chants, d’images et de slogans recueilli sur le cyberespace, cet article entend analyser le contenu et la forme de ces textes qui empruntent à de nombreux modèles culturels et développent une poétique où la métaphore se mêle à l’humour, à l’indignation et la religiosité.
Translating Native Consent in the Spanish Empire: Maya Words and Agency in Sixteenth-Century Yucatan
Authors: Cunill Caroline
Published: March 2024

Building on two case studies, the article explores how the Maya caciques understood the concept of consent and made use of it in concrete political negotiations with the Spanish crown in sixteenth-century Yucatan, New Spain. It highlights that the analysis of translation practices is pivotal to unraveling the intricacies of inter-legal communication under imperial rule. Although part of the corpus analyzed in the article was originally written in the Maya Yucatec language, it can be viewed as the result of a process of translation in which two legal cultures were finding ways to be intelligible to one another. The article shows, moreover, that oral exchanges and nonverbal communication – through posture or clothing, and gift-giving – were also crucial in expressing consent in the Spanish empire. This article is part of the special theme section on Consenting to Early Modern Empires, guest-edited by Sonia Tycko.
Spaces of Dis/Harmony in Colonial Goa. Lefebvre’s Spatial Dynamics and the Convent of Santa Mónica, 1606-1740
Authors: Michon Daniel
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the interplay of Henri Lefebvre’s conceived, perceived, and lived spaces in the Real Convento de Santa Mónica, a nunnery located at the heart of the Portuguese Asian empire, in Goa, India. The sense of harmony produced by the conceived and perceived spaces, frameworks that produced a particular habitus among the nuns, which in turn facilitated congenial lived spaces that aligned with the nuns’ aspirations, was significantly disrupted by an external authority, the Archbishop of Goa Ignácio de Santa Teresa, in the early eighteenth century. The archbishop’s desire to curb the power of the Orders and elevate the local Goan ecclesiastical institutions had an unintended effect: it introduced a state of disharmony into the lived space of the nuns, and thus the dialectic between habitus and space led many nuns to experience the convent not as a place of calm and refuge, but rather as a prison. This article is part of the special theme section on Women, Children, and Enslaved People in the Portuguese Empire in Asia, 16th-18th Centuries, guest-edited by Rozely Vigas and Rômulo Ehalt.
Implementation of Different Machine Learning Projects Using Scikit-learn and Tensorflow Frameworks
Authors: Şahin Durmuş Özkan
Published: March 2024

In this study, the solution of classification, regression, and time series problems used in different fields with Scikit-learn and TensorFlow libraries using Python programming language is discussed. Four projects are carried out. The first project addressed the classification problem. The performance of the models is evaluated by using classical machine learning techniques and deep neural networks to solve the classification problem. The second project considered is the regression problem. The White Wine Quality dataset is used to understand the regression problem. The third project is the image classification problem. Image classification is one of the essential areas of study in recent years. Classification of images is achieved with CNN, one of the deep learning techniques. Keras and TensorFlow libraries are used in CNN. The last project discussed is the estimation of the closing value of the stock market stock.
Disease Identification and Classification From Pearl Millet Leaf Images Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Chaturvedi Pooja , Manekar Swati , Kumari Aparna , Bishnoi Deepika
Published: March 2024

Plant disease plays a crucial role in the reduction as well as degradation of production and yield in the area of precision agriculture and is a major concern for farmers and agriculturists. Hence, the detection and identification of diseases among the crops is essential. In this chapter, the CNN model for the identification and classification of different plant diseases through its leaf images is used. Four diseases such as ergot, downy mildew, blast, and rust in the pearl millet crops are considered in this work. The images of the pearl millet crop are considered for the five classes: healthy, ergot, downy mildew, rust, and blast. The dataset consists of 2074 images. The dataset is trained for the 30 epochs. The proposed approach is compared with the various existing methodologies such as naïve Bayesian, decision tree, support vector machine, and random forest. The simulation result shows that the proposed approach using the CNN outperforms the existing approaches in terms of accuracy and loss.
Introduction to Industry 4.0
Authors: Mahajan Rashmi , Singh Meenakshi , Iyer Vishwanathan , Gupta Ushmita , Somani Pritesh Pradeep , Behare Nitesh
Published: March 2024

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) heralds a profound transformation that extends beyond mere technological advancement. The chapter serves as an indispensable guide for comprehending the far-reaching changes that are reshaping industries on a global scale. This chapter embarks on an enlightening journey that delves into the core concepts, historical context, and the pivotal technologies propelling Industry 4.0. It signifies a fundamental shift in our approach to industrial processes, innovation, and global competitiveness.
Harmonizing Innovation - Bridging Industry 4.0 with Supply Chain Sustainability
Authors: Laturkar Kasturi , Laturkar Kaustubh
Published: March 2024

The integration of Industry 4.0 and supply chain sustainability marks the dawn of a new era of innovation and accountability within businesses, bringing technological innovation together with environmental and social responsibilities for the benefit of all. As Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of digital technologies, internet of things, and data analytics, it empowers organizations to create smart, connected, and efficient supply chains by harnessing the power of digital technologies. In addition, Industry 4.0 technologies enhance the transparency and traceability of the supply chain. With blockchain technology, for example, it is possible for all transactions and movements within the supply chain to be immutable. By doing so, not only is the authenticity of the sustainable materials ensured, but also fair labor practices are promoted. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of the environmental and ethical implications of their purchases, this transparency facilitates brand trust as well as loyalty among consumers.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Health Effects of 5G Radiation
Authors: Saha Soumitra , Kumar Shubh
Published: March 2024

The human race has acquired the peak of sensation today in augmenting development in the technological domain. With gratitude to state-of-the-art technology, humans are now enjoying heavenly delights, and 5G technology with high-wave transmission capability can be considered a universally acknowledged example. However, the radiation from 5G technology, which employs high-frequency waves, puts humankind at unimaginable health risks, which weakens us to further radiation. Seemingly invisible high-power radiations function like dormant volcanoes in the human body. The extremes of radiation in 5G technology have become so widespread that the miscellaneous physical problems provoked by radiation can easily be termed manufactured disorders that humans progressively construct. In addition to causing chronic diseases, this radiation plays a distinct role in suppressing the regular immune system of the human body. This chapter tries to clarify and shed light on the dangers of radiation arriving from 5G technology-supported devices and various types of incurable diseases of the human body.
Unlocking the Future of Healthcare
Authors: Garse Samiksha , Dalal Divya , Dokhale Sneha , Devarajan Shine
Published: March 2024

Modernization and advancement in technology have developed a new field called Health Informatics. It is an interdisciplinary that accommodates bioinformatics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) applications. Additionally, a large amount of data that travels around the global network of cloud computing has coined the term internet of things (IoT), which has fostered a new wave of innovation in the healthcare sector. This chapter provides insights into how recognition systems, self-monitoring systems, big data analysis and interpretation, etc. use AI and IoT-based models to accelerate the capabilities of providing advanced healthcare outcomes. It not only unlocks futuristic smart healthcare, but also platforms a revolutionary milestone in the medical world. Moreover, the chapter addresses the challenges of security, scalability, cost-effectiveness, standardization, and quality care encountered by the healthcare sector.
Encouraging Sustainable Living Through HR Initiatives
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Singha Surjit , Jasmine Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines how human resources (HR) professionals can facilitate organizational change in the direction of environmental responsibility in the context of sustainable human resource management. HR establishes itself as a strategic catalyst for concrete transformations in employee conduct and organizational culture by implementing performance management integration, waste reduction, and sustainable commuting initiatives. The study emphasizes tangible instances, demonstrating how human resource initiatives surpass theoretical concepts to promote a dedication to environmental stewardship actively. In ecological sustainability, HR professionals serve as catalysts for organizations, imparting knowledge and devising strategies to direct progress. This thorough examination offers practical recommendations for incorporating environmentally conscious principles into the operations of organizations, thereby promoting long-term sustainability.
Fostering a Culture of Sustainability Through Human Resources Practices
Authors: Singha Surjit
Published: March 2024

This chapter demonstrates the critical role of human resources (HR) in fostering organizational sustainability. HR emerges as a key for embedding environmental and social responsibility, from recruiting and training to leadership development and internal communications. The strategic integration of sustainable practices catalyzes positive transformation, the dedication of resources, and the support of innovation within HR. The emphasis on training sustainable changemakers ensures a long-term commitment. This method encourages active employee participation by increasing transparency, collaboration, and accessibility. The combination of indicators, incentives, and recognition offers a strong foundation for continuous growth, establishing firms as worldwide leaders in sustainable business practices.
Harmonizing Human Resource Strategies Navigating Employer Branding in Sustainable Organizations
Authors: Francis Shimmy , Rangasamy Sangeetha
Published: March 2024

In the framework of sustainable businesses, this chapter examines the synergies between employer branding and human resource (HR) strategies. In order to establish a harmonic organizational framework, this chapter thoroughly investigates how HR practices might be strategically aligned with sustainability goals. It explores the opportunities and challenges of managing employer branding within sustainable business practices. It sheds light on specific variables and practices that must be considered to develop an employer brand that reflects the organization's commitment to sustainability. In order to create an integrated, attractive, and socially responsible employer brand, it is important to align their human resources practices with sustainability initiatives. It provides insights into the strategic integration of employer branding and human resources, presenting a roadmap for businesses looking to match their HR procedures with sustainability programs.
The Impact of Mentorship on the Career Development of Women in STEM Fields
Authors: Babatope Valerie Onyia
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the influence of different mentorship models on the career development of women in STEM fields, examining their respective benefits and addressing the challenges and barriers faced by women in accessing and benefiting from these models. It highlights the positive impact of various mentorship approaches, including traditional one-on-one mentorship, peer mentorship, group mentorship, reverse mentorship, virtual mentorship, and formal mentorship programs. These models have been found to enhance women's self-confidence, facilitate career advancement, foster skill development, provide psychosocial support, contribute to long-term career success, and promote leadership development. Challenges identified such as underrepresentation and implicit biases in mentor selection hindered the effectiveness of these mentorship models. The findings underscore the importance of organizations promoting diversity and inclusion, addressing bias, establishing inclusive decentralized platforms, and developing tailored mentorship programs to empower women in STEM fields.
Silver Nanowires (AgNWs) Post-Treatment Effect in Application of Flexible Transparent and Conductive Electrodes: A Mini Review
Authors: Nasikhudin Nasikhudin , Al Fath Yusril , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Rahmadani Hari , Diantoro Markus , Pujiarti Herlin
Published: March 2024

Transparent flexible electrodes (TFEs) are extremely crucial for expanding flexible and wearable electronic devices. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been extensively investigated as an alternative to replace Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a commercial TFE due to their high conductivity, transparency, and flexibility. AgNWs have replaced ITO-based electrodes as the preferred approach in flexible, transparent, and conductive electrodes (FTCE). AgNWs outperform other materials, such as Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), ceramic material, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), and conductive polymers, in terms of electrical conductivity, transmittance, flexibility, and low sheet resistance. Numerous techniques, including as electrospinning, spray coating, spin coating, and doctor blades, are used to use AgNWs as flexible substrates. Seed-based growth and template-assisted synthesis are two fundamental synthesis techniques that could be used to generate AgNWs. However, poor adhesiveness, and thermal and electrical stability, begin to be bottlenecks for AgNWs as high deployment in a variety of devices. So AgNWs synthesis process began to shift to other methods, such as wet chemical and polyol. In this paper, short and clear summary of various advances including post-treatment methods such as UV radiation, microwave, sonication, quenching, and so on is conducted to be one step forward to test mechanical properties and to improve AgNWs performance.
Optimisation Studies of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle as a Drug Carrier for Gemcitabine: Enhancing Therapeutic Effectiveness in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chung Shei Li , Lim Wei Meng , Leong Chee Onn , Yee Maxine Swee Li
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic cancer, often referred to as “the silent killer”, presents with minimal or no symptoms in its early stages, leading to late detection when surgical resection is no longer the optimal treatment option. Gemcitabine (GEM), one of the leading chemotherapeutic drug for advanced stages of cancer, is a crucial treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, the low 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients highlight the limited effectiveness of current treatments. In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) have garnered significant attention in both scholarly and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique combination of properties including stable porous structure and high loading capacities. This research aims to investigate the potential of MSNP as a carrier for anticancer drugs, specifically GEM. MSNP was successfully synthesized in the laboratory using sol-gel method with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant template. Comprehensive morphological and physical characterizations of the MSNP product were performed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, element mapping, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and accelerated surface area porosimetry (ASAP). The results demonstrate that MSNP exhibits desirable properties for drug loading, including a stable mesoporous structure with pore size of ~ 4.94 nm, a high surface area of about 278.32 m²/g, and average particle diameter of approximately 85 nm. The effects of incubation time and initial GEM concentrations were studied to determine the optimal drug loading parameters for the MSNP vehicle. The successful loading of up to 24 µg of GEM in 1 mg of MSNP achieved in an optimized incubation time of 2 hour, validates the tremendous potential of MSNP as a potential anticancer drug carrier in pancreatic cancer treatment. These findings provide a valuable reference for future research and investigations in this promising field.
Silver and Palladium-Embedded Acrylamide-Based Hybrid Cryogels as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Ullah Qamir , Kizilbash Nadeem , Ambreen Jaweria , Haleem Abdul , Soliman Mohamed , Alotaibi Mashael Alhumaidi , Siddiq Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Silver and palladium nanoparticles were prepared by in situ chemical reduction using Sodium Borohydride as a reducing agent at 18°C. The synthesis of pure and hybrid cryogels and the incorporation of silver and palladium nanoparticles inside the cryogel network, was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x-ray respectively. The antibacterial activities were checked by using the hybrid cryogels against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 2593) and Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) bacteria. After taking into account the facile synthetic process and the adsorption performance, these cryogels can serve as good candidates for antibacterial purposes.
Solar energy as a sustainable source of energy for industrial applications in Sri Lanka: a conceptual mini-review
Authors: Kannan Nadarajah , Asharp Thusalini
Published: March 2024

The world’s primary energy demand has increased significantly due to the industrial revolution and population growth, which create the demand for primary energy. The COVID-19 pandemic situation significantly damages the world’s energy network, which critically affects developing countries like Sri Lanka. Therefore, this paper has been developed to discuss an important framework for the use of solar energy as a suitable energy source for various industrial operations. The application of solar thermal energy and solar PV systems into industrial processes can minimize the economic cost of energy usage in the country. The points discussed in this conceptual mini-review can help policymakers identify and explore industrial windows that can be structured with solar energy for a sustainable energy future in Sri Lanka.
Antibody-Suppressor CXCR5+CD8+ T Cells Are More Potent Regulators of Humoral Alloimmunity after Kidney Transplant in Mice Compared to CD4+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Han Jing L , Zimmerer Jason M , Zeng Qiang , Chaudhari Sachi , Satoskar Anjali , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Uwase Hope , Breuer Christopher K , Bumgardner Ginny L
Published: March 2024

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), especially with CD4+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ Tregs), is an emerging therapeutic strategy to minimize immunosuppression and promote long-term allograft acceptance, although much research remains to realize its potential. In this study, we investigated the potency of novel Ab-suppressor CXCR5+CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TAb-supp) in comparison with conventional CD25highFoxp3+CD4+ Tregs for suppression of humoral alloimmunity in a murine kidney transplant (KTx) model of Ab-mediated rejection (AMR). We examined quantity of peripheral blood, splenic and graft-infiltrating CD8+ TAb-supp, and CD4+ Tregs in KTx recipients and found that high alloantibody-producing CCR5 knockout KTx recipients have significantly fewer post-transplant peripheral blood and splenic CD8+ TAb-supp, as well as fewer splenic and graft-infiltrating CD4+ Tregs compared with wild-type KTx recipients. ACT with alloprimed CXCR5+CD8+ T cells reduced alloantibody titer, splenic alloprimed germinal center (GC) B cell quantity, and improved AMR histology in CCR5 knockout KTx recipients. ACT with alloprimed CD4+ Treg cells improved AMR histology without significantly inhibiting alloantibody production or the quantity of splenic alloprimed GC B cells. Studies with TCR transgenic mice confirmed Ag specificity of CD8+ TAb-supp–mediated effector function. In wild-type recipients, CD8 depletion significantly increased alloantibody titer, GC B cells, and severity of AMR pathology compared with isotype-treated controls. Anti-CD25 mAb treatment also resulted in increased but less pronounced effect on alloantibody titer, quantity of GC B cells, and AMR pathology than CD8 depletion. To our knowledge, this is the first report that CD8+ TAb-supp cells are more potent regulators of humoral alloimmunity than CD4+ Treg cells.
Did the first description of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica take place in Scotland or in Denmark?
Authors: Manzo C. , Isetta M. , Castagna A.
Published: March 2024

The first description of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is generally attributed to Dr. Bruce. In an 1888 article entitled Senile rheumatic gout, he described five male patients aged from 60 to 74 years whom he had visited at the Strathpeffer spa in Scotland. In 1945, Dr. Holst and Dr. Johansen reported on five female patients examined over several months at the Medical Department of Roskilde County Hospital in Denmark. These patients suffered from hip, upper arms, and neck pain associated with elevated ESR and constitutional manifestations such as low-grade fever or loss of weight. In the same year, Meulengracht, another Danish physician, reported on two patients with shoulder pain and stiffness associated with fever, weight loss, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. As in the five patients reported by Dr. Holst and Dr. Johansen, a prolonged recovery time was recorded. On reading and comparing these three accounts, we question whether it is correct to attribute the first description of PMR to Dr. Bruce and put forward shifting this accolade to the three Danish physicians.