bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FSI Computation and Experimental Verification of Fluid Flow in Flexible Tubes
Authors: Šedivý Dominik , Fialová Simona , Klas Roman , Kotek Michal
Published: August 2020

Presented paper is focused on the experimental and computational study of fluid flow in pipes with flexible walls. One possible real example of this phenomenon is the blood flow in arteries or their substitutes in the human body. The artery material itself should be understood as anisotropic and heterogeneous. Therefore, the experiment was carried out on the deforming tube, made of silicone (polydimethylsiloxane - PDMS). Obtained results and observed events were verified by numerical FSI simulations. Due to the large deformations occurring during loading of the tube, it was necessary to work with a dynamic mesh in the CFD part. Based on experimental testing of the tube material, a non-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin material model were considered. Blood flowing in vessels is a heterogeneous liquid and exhibits non-Newtonian properties. In the real experimental stand has been somewhat simplified. Water, chosen as the liquid, belongs to the Newtonian liquids. The results show mainly comparisons of unsteady velocity profiles between the experiment and the numerical model.
Active Vision Reconstruction Based on Ratio Invariability of Triangle Areas Generated from Triangle Array in Affine Space
Authors: Xu Guan , Shen Hui , Li Xiaotao
Published: August 2020

An active-vision process is presented by the affine invariability of the ratio of triangle areas to reconstruct the 3D object. Firstly, a plate with the triangle array is designed in the same plane of the planar laser. The image of the plate is rectified from the projection space to the affine space by the image of the line at infinity. Then the laser point and the centroids of the triangles constitute a new triangle that bridges the affine space and the original Euclidean space. The object coordinates are solved by the invariant of the triangle area ratio before and after the affine transformation. Finally, the reconstruction accuracy under various measurement conditions is verified by experiments. The influence analyses of the number of line pairs and the accuracy of the extracted point pixels are provided in the experimental results. The average reconstruction errors are 1.54, 1.79, 1.90, and 2.46 mm for the test distance of 550, 600, 650, and 700 mm, which demonstrates the application potential of the approach in the 3D measurement.
Economical evaluation of radiation processing with high-intensity X-rays
Authors: Zimek Zbigniew
Published: August 2020

X-rays application for radiation processing was introduced to the industrial practice, and in some circumstances is found to be more economically competitive, and offer more flexibility than gamma sources. Recent progress in high-power accelerators development gives opportunity to construct and apply reliable high-power electron beam to X-rays converters for the industrial application. The efficiency of the conversion process depends mainly on electron energy and atomic number of the target material, as it was determined in theoretical predictions and confirmed experimentally. However, the lower price of low-energy direct accelerators and their higher electrical efficiency may also have certain influence on process economy. There are number of auxiliary parameters that can effectively change the economical results of the process. The most important ones are as follows: average beam power level, spare part cost, and optimal shape of electron beam and electron beam utilization efficiency. All these parameters and related expenses may affect the unit cost of radiation facility operation and have a significant influence on X-ray process economy. The optimization of X-rays converter construction is also important, but it does not depend on the type of accelerator. The article discusses the economy of radiation processing with high-intensity of X-rays stream emitted by conversion of electron beams accelerated in direct accelerator (electron energy 2.5 MeV) and resonant accelerators (electron energy 5 MeV and 7.5 MeV). The evaluation and comparison of the costs of alternative technical solutions were included to estimate the unit cost of X-rays facility operation for average beam power 100 kW.
Source term estimation for the MARIA research reactor and model of atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides with dry deposition
Authors: Lipka Maciej
Published: August 2020

Source term is the amount of radionuclide activity, measured in becquerels, released to the atmosphere from a nuclear reactor, together with the plume composition, over a specific period. It is the basis of radioprotection-related calculation. Usually, such computations are done using commercial codes; however, they are challenging to be used in the case of the MARIA reactor due to its unique construction. Consequently, there is a need to develop a method that will be able to deliver useful results despite the complicated geometry of the reactor site. Such an approach, based upon the Bateman balance equation, is presented in the article, together with the results of source term calculation for the MARIA reactor. Additionally, atmospheric dispersion of the radionuclides, analysed with the Gauss plume model with dry deposition, is presented.
Cartographic modelling of administrative divisions in the “Historical Atlas of Poland”
Authors: Panecki Tomasz
Published: August 2020

The author’s aim is to reflect on the cartographic modelling of historical borders based on the example of the series “Historical Atlas of Poland. Detailed maps of the 16th century” (HAP). HAP presents secular (state, palatinate, district) and religious borders (dioceses, archdeaconry, deanery, parish). The belonging of historic settlements to administrative units is determined on the basis of written sources. During work on the current volumes of HAP, the borders were reconstructed through their manual interpolation (the so-called linear model). Digital tools enable the automatic generation of administrative units based on settlements in point geometry (Thiessen polygons) or the use of modern divisions (precincts [obręby ewidencyjne]) as a reference to them (semi-automatic method). The article compares and assesses the three mentioned methods of determining historical borders and the possibilities of harmonizing them in relation to contemporary administrative divisions. The source material consisted of 18,357 settlements from the volumes of HAP published so far and 235 parishes for detailed analyses. Precincts were adopted as reference areas due to the possibilities of data harmonization.
Scaling Up Anonymous Communication with Efficient Nanopayment Channels
Authors: Dinh Thien-Nam , Rochet Florentin , Pereira Olivier , Wallach Dan S.
Published: August 2020

Tor, the most widely used and well-studied traffic anonymization network in the world, suffers from limitations in its network diversity and performance. We propose to mitigate both problems simultaneously through the introduction of a premium bandwidth market between clients and relays. To this end, we present moneTor: incentivizing nodes to join and support Tor by giving them anonymous payments from Tor users. Our approach uses efficient cryptographic nanopayments delivered alongside regular Tor traffic. Our approach also gives a degree of centralized control, allowing Tor’s managers to shape the economy created by these payments. In this paper, we present a novel payment algorithm as well as a data-driven simulation and evaluation of its costs and benefits. The results show that moneTor is both feasible and flexible, offering upwards of 100% improvements in differentiated bandwidth for paying users with near-optimal throughput and latency overheads.
Protecting Private Inputs: Bounded Distortion Guarantees With Randomised Approximations
Authors: Ah-Fat Patrick , Huth Michael
Published: August 2020

Computing a function of some private inputs while maintaining the confidentiality of those inputs is an important problem, to which Differential Privacy and Secure Multi-party Computation can offer solutions under specific assumptions. Research in randomised algorithms aims at improving the privacy of such inputs by randomising the output of a computation while ensuring that large distortions of outputs occur with low probability. But use cases such as e-voting or auctions will not tolerate large distortions at all. Thus, we develop a framework for randomising the output of a privacypreserving computation, while guaranteeing that output distortions stay within a specified bound. We analyse the privacy gains of our approach and characterise them more precisely for our notion of sparse functions. We build randomisation algorithms, running in linearithmic time in the number of possible input values, for this class of functions and we prove that the computed randomisations maximise the inputs’ privacy. Experimental work demonstrates significant privacy gains when compared with existing approaches that guarantee distortion bounds, also for non-sparse functions.
SoK: Anatomy of Data Breaches
Authors: Saleem Hamza , Naveed Muhammad
Published: August 2020

We systematize the knowledge on data breaches into concise step-by-step breach workflows and use them to describe the breach methods. We present the most plausible workflows for 10 famous data breaches. We use information from a variety of sources to develop our breach workflows, however, we emphasize that for many data breaches, information about crucial steps was absent. We researched such steps to develop complete breach workflows; as such, our workflows provide descriptions of data breaches that were previously unavailable. For generalizability, we present a general workflow of 50 data breaches from 2015. Based on our data breach analysis, we develop requirements that organizations need to meet to thwart data breaches. We describe what requirements are met by existing security technologies and propose future research directions to thwart data breaches.
In-Depth Evaluation of Redirect Tracking and Link Usage
Authors: Koop Martin , Tews Erik , Katzenbeisser Stefan
Published: August 2020

In today’s web, information gathering on users’ online behavior takes a major role. Advertisers use different tracking techniques that invade users’ privacy by collecting data on their browsing activities and interests. To preventing this threat, various privacy tools are available that try to block third-party elements. However, there exist various tracking techniques that are not covered by those tools, such as redirect link tracking. Here, tracking is hidden in ordinary website links pointing to further content. By clicking those links, or by automatic URL redirects, the user is being redirected through a chain of potential tracking servers not visible to the user. In this scenario, the tracker collects valuable data about the content, topic, or user interests of the website. Additionally, the tracker sets not only thirdparty but also first-party tracking cookies which are far more difficult to block by browser settings and ad-block tools. Since the user is forced to follow the redirect, tracking is inevitable and a chain of (redirect) tracking servers gain more insights in the users’ behavior. In this work we present the first large scale study on the threat of redirect link tracking. By crawling the Alexa top 50k websites and following up to 34 page links, we recorded traces of HTTP requests from 1.2 million individual visits of websites as well as analyzed 108,435 redirect chains originating from links clicked on those websites. We evaluate the derived redirect network on its tracking ability and demonstrate that top trackers are able to identify the user on the most visited websites. We also show that 11.6% of the scanned websites use one of the top 100 redirectors which are able to store nonblocked first-party tracking cookies on users’ machines even when third-party cookies are disabled. Moreover, we present the effect of various browser cookie settings, resulting in a privacy loss even when using third-party blocking tools.
A case of bilateral “double/multiple crush” entrapment syndrome of the upper limbs in a violinist
Authors: Barbu Bogdan Alexandru , Handra Claudia-Mariana , Bădoiu Silviu , Nica Sarah Adriana
Published: August 2020

Entrapment syndromes of the upper limb are common neuro-muscular-skeletal pathology in musician instrumentists. From this group of morbid entities, the most prevalent worldwide is carpal tunnel syndrome closely followed by the cubital tunnel syndrome and de Quervain stenosing tenosynovitis. Due to their distinctive etiopathogenic correlation with exposure to specific occupational factors linked to instrument interpretation and professional environment, these diseases raise a medical challenge and constitute a socioeconomic and professional burden with legal branchings and implications for individuals and society. These syndromes develop isolated or more often in various associations with each other in a clinical pattern that has been described under the model of “double crush” syndrome by Upton and McComas. From its inception in 1973 until the present time, this clinical model has been a point of interesting debate between various specialists worldwide. This model underlines an already lesioned neuron’s susceptibility and vulnerability for further neural damage at a different level from the initial lesion. The sophisticated clinical presentation of this “double or multiple crush” syndrome is due not only to overlapping symptomatology from each contributing neuro-muscular-skeletal pathology or lesional site but also to other local or systemic conditions such as trauma, diabetes, osteoarthritis, thyroid disease, obesity, etc. The occupational factors such as repetitive movements, strain and overload, vibrations, ergonomics, and others all contribute to the creation and progression of the morbid process. We cannot overstate the implications of understanding these complex relations and interdependencies between the factors mentioned above as they are essential not only for the diagnosis of these neuropathies but also for the treatment, rehabilitation, and occupational reinsertion of the patients. The studies support the fact that both lesional sites need to be medically addressed for an optimal outcome and resolution. We present the case of a female violinist with bilateral multiple neuro-muscular-skeletal pathologies of the upper limb treated previously invasively and conservatively over several years by various specialists without a satisfactory clinical resolution of the symptomatology or any professional and legal measures taken.
Amputation, psychological consequences, and quality of life among Romanian patients
Authors: Cotigă Alin Cristinel , Zivari Mirela , Cursaru Adrian , Aliuş Cătălin , Ivan Claudiu
Published: August 2020

Amputation of the limb is a major psychological health issue that was not fully studied. Patients and their families struggle with symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, phantom limb phenomena, etc. There is also a tremendous impact on the person’s quality of life.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and the quality of life among persons suffering from amputation of the limb.

Methods: 31 respondents agreed to participate in the study. They were recruited from the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. The medical conditions and the socio-demographic data (i.e., gender, marital status, income, etc.) along with the assessment of the psychological conditions and quality of life were contributions to the statistical analysis of the study.

Results: This study showed that levels of depression are moderate to severe for a significant percent of the population (i.e., a “moderate to severe” or “severe” level of depression was presented by 29% of the patients according to the PHQ-9 test, and 16.1% of the patients according to Beck’s Depression Inventory). Moreover, the levels of anxiety were relatively higher than those of the general population (i.e., severe anxiety was confirmed by the GAD-7 test in the case of 38.7% of the patients) and for most of them the quality of life was impaired.

Discussion: Amputation occurs mainly in adults/elderly aged over 50 years, married, living in urban areas, with different levels of depression and anxiety. At least half of them had a self-perceived health condition that was deteriorated, their physical and role functioning being primarily affected.

Conclusion: There is a need for psychological support of the patients suffering from limb amputation as most of the studies showed high prevalence of depression and anxiety. Socio-demographic factors also represent important elements in defining the quality of life of those patients.
Chloroplast microsatellites reveal genetic diversity and population structure in natural populations of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) in India
Authors: Ginwal H. S. , Sharma Rajesh , Chauhan Priti , Rai Kirti Chamling , Barthwal Santan
Published: August 2020

Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) is one of the most important temperate timber species of Western Himalayas and is considered to be among the endangered conifer species in the region. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) were used to study genetic diversity and population structure in twenty one natural populations of C. deodara throughout its entire distribution range in Western Himalayas. When alleles at each of the 10 loci were jointly analysed, 254 different haplotypes were identified among 1050 individuals. The cpSSRs indicate that C. deodara forests maintain a moderately high level of genetic diversity (mean h = 0.79
). AMOVA analysis showed that most of the diversity in C. deodara occurs within populations. Bayesian analysis for population structure (BAPS) revealed spatial structuration of the variation (22 % of the total variation) and substructuring captured nineteen genetic clusters in the entire divisions of the populations. Most of the populations were clustered independently with minor admixtures. The distribution of genetic diversity and sub-structuring of C. deodara may be due to restricted gene flow due to geographic isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection. These findings indicated existence of genetically distinct and different high diversity and low diversity clusters, which are potential groups of populations that require attention for their conservation and management. The results are interpreted in context of future conservation plans for C. deodara.
The School of Salamanca’s Reconciliation of Economics and Religion
Authors: Cesario Anthony J.
Published: August 2020

Many years before Adam Smith, numerous theologians associated with the School of Salamanca, such as Domingo de Soto, Juan de Lugo, Juan de Mariana, Luís Saravia de la Calle, Martin de Azpilcueta, Luis de Molina, Leonard Lessius, Thomas Cajetan, and Francisco Garcia had made great strides in the development of economics. Specifically, these theologians, otherwise known as the “Scholastics,” analyzed and argued against price and wage controls by explaining that the only “just” prices and wages are those that are set by the market, examined and pushed back against prohibitions on usury, understood the concept of time preference, and helped develop monetary theory in multiple ways. They also demonstrated that all of this was consistent with the Catholic religion. This paper analyzes the ways in which these early theologians contributed to the development of economics and reconciled it with their Catholicism.
Rethinking Welfare: The LDS Welfare Program vs Public Welfare
Authors: Iglesias David R.
Published: August 2020

In his libertarian manifesto, For a New Liberty, Murray Rothbard [15] points to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as an excellent model for what a private welfare program would look like in a free society. In analyzing this same organization, we can see that nearly 50 years later Rothbard’s analysis is truer than ever. Unlike the public welfare programs in the U.S., the LDS church has successfully helped lift countless individuals out of poverty and off the welfare rolls by increasing their level of productivity – a point that Henry Hazlitt [7] made in his book, The Conquest of Poverty. Public welfare, on the other hand, has continuously failed to increase the standard of living or even lift those it ostensibly seeks to help out of poverty; on the contrary, it is a system that prevents economic independence. The analysis in the present paper seeks to revive, amplify and bring up to date Rothbard’s observation and provide further insight on key factors that other private organizations can take from the Church’s model. Ultimately, it reveals that the successful journey out of poverty is not a public but rather a private endeavor.
A Libertarian Perspective on Peace Enforcement by the United Nations
Authors: Sabhlok Sukrit
Published: August 2020

Most analysts view the United Nations as a positive stabilising force in international affairs. In this paper, I critically assess this opinion of the UN’s peace enforcement actions using the case studies of the Korean War and the Gulf War while relying on the non-aggression axiom of libertarian philosophy. In the process, I shed light on some of the moral considerations at play when deciding on UN-sanctioned military intervention.
Influence of Systemic Inflammatory Response to Appearance of New Foci of Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Bolotov Denis Dmitrievich , Novikov Alexey Alexeevich , Bolevich Sergey , Novikova Nina Aleksandrovna , Yakovchenko Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2020

Changes in the body in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process, even of a low intensity, lead to the change in the body’s reactivity, having a negative impact on the development, course and clinical prognosis of newly emerging inflammatory processes. Structural changes in the vascular network in the focus of chronic inflammation and following cellular reactions that occur under the action of chemokines and cytokines are the basis for the maintenance and development of the phlogogenic process, including subsequent structural changes in tissues. The failure to resolve the inflammation leads not only to the persistence of the process in the primary focus, but also to the formation of a multitude of the so-calledpathological circles, included at the system level, causing the imbalance among proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving factors. As a result, conditions are formed for the emergence of new foci of the inflammation in other organs and tissues and in the case of their realization, new vicious circles are formed that contribute to the maintenance and progression of the inflammation. The complex application of etio-tropic, pathogenetic and sanogenetic principles of the treatment allows intensifying of the formation of specialized pro-resolving factors with the elimination of their relative insufficiency, contributing to the reduction of newly formed vessels and to the restoration of the normal cellular composition of the tissue as well as to the resolution of inflammation.
Gas Transport Characteristics of Hemocorrectors and Perfusates Based on Perfluorocarbon Blood-Substituting Emulsions
Authors: Vorobyev Sergey Ivanovich , Kutyshenko Viktor Pavlovich , Bolevich Sergey Brankovich , Votrin Sergey Vladimirovich , Orlova Alexandra Sergeyevna , Bolevich Stefani , Morozova Elena Mihaylovna , Kartashova Maria Konstatinovna
Published: August 2020

This review summarizes the data regarding the gas transport characteristics of hemocorrection and perfusates on the basis of low concentrated drugs nano-sized perfluorocarbonic 20% Perftoran (a blood substitute, it is allowed for clinical use in Russia), 20% Ftoremulsion III (an improved blood substitute, registered in Russia), 10-20% Perfusol (a perfusion solution for perfusion of the isolated heart), 20% Ftorem (a cardioplegic emulsion for surgeries on the stopped heart) used in the biomedical field. The compensation of blood loss using traditional plasma substitutes without the gas transport function or with low gas transport characteristics leads to a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the resulting mixture and subsequently to deterioration in the oxygen transport characteristics of blood. The synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes can be used in the treatment of various forms of ischemia, such as carbon monoxide poisoning. Furthermore, recent results regarding the mechanism of COVID19 infection indicate a possible use of the synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes in the treatment and therapy of COVID19 infected patients.
Terminology Framework for Understanding of Physical Education and Sport
Authors: Živanović Nenad , Pavlović Petar , Stanković Veroljub , Milošević Zoran , Ranđelović Nebojša , Pantelić-Babić Kristina
Published: August 2020

A word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value.

This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology.

Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences.

It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen.

Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.
A Knife to a Gunfight: Endogenous Development Through Leader as Contradictory Policy Prescription
Authors: Zamfir George Iulian
Published: August 2020

By now a preferred EU instrument aimed at stirring rural development, LEADER initially constituted an alleged departure from the top-down productivist agenda of the CAP towards locally-led development. The exogenous-endogenous explanatory model legitimized the adoption of economistic assumptions into EU rural development policy. As the CAP policy genealogy conveys, agricultural policies occurred at the intersection of internal and external factors, whereas the endogenous framework evicts structural explanations for territorial marginalization. A case study from North-western Romania provides details on the implementation of the endogenous agenda from the perspective of public actors. Rather than inducing an alleged alternative development model, LEADER acts as adjuvant to other policies and, overall, as a pedagogical exercise in uneven development.
The Rebellious Social Network Reaction to COVID-19
Authors: Cioban Ștefana , Vîntoiu Dragoş
Published: August 2020

Gathering social media content and analysing the heavy and unstructured text coming from posts, comments and reactions can come as a powerful tool in understanding how people react to the information they receive. In this article we present the results from a social media analysis of 10771 headlines, with their subsequent text bodies and comments posted in a subreddit destined for Romanians during the state of emergency declared in Romania, from March 16 to May 15, 2020. Our objective was to model the main topics debated by this targeted population of people that tend to use Reddit to discuss current issues and to identify the sentiment polarity towards these topics. As expected, Romanians are mostly concerned with their social condition in the context of the pandemic caused by CoVID-19, as our research has revealed a word frequency for the term “Coronavirus” prominently higher than any other preferred term. However, the analysis brings up a surprising turnaround as the overall sentiment of the text posted in this dataset is predominantly neutral with a higher frequency of positive posts compared to the negative ones. This was unforeseen by our initial expectations: a natural tendency to more negative posts than positive considering the context of the chosen study period. Moreover, when compared to the time series of the CoVID-19 infections and caused deaths in Romania, spikes of extremely high or low mean sentiment scores per day can be correlated to the fluctuations of the declared cases. Not only does this bring us closer to understanding the social impact of CoVID-19 in the current context, but the outcome of this analysis can be easily extrapolated for further investigations upon other social networking tools or for more in-depth analysis on our studied corpus.
Perception of Intelligent Packaging in the Context of Bioeconomy
Authors: Erika Loučanová , Ján Parobek , Martina Nosáľová , Dopico Ana , Daniela Hupková
Published: August 2020

The research of new intelligent features has shown huge potential to optimize the supply chain and enhance consumer consciousness of product utilization. The implementation of bioeconomy principles in all sectors is essential in seeking to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Innovation in the packaging industry can be considered as one of the key sectors in this approach. The study deals with the evaluation of the perception of intelligent packaging in Slovakia as ecological innovations through the Kano model. The results indicate that customer awareness of intelligent packaging as ecological innovation in the context bioeconomy is still at a low level in Slovakia. Hdgdgdsgowever, from the point of view of intelligent packaging, Slovak customers represent a key element of stakeholders for the management of innovation processes towards bioeconomy criteria.
Advanced Signal Processing Methods for Inspection of Aircraft Structural Materials
Authors: Lysenko Iuliia , Eremenko Volodymyr , Kuts Yurii , Protasov Anatoliy , Uchanin Valentin
Published: August 2020

Aircraft, their assemblies, and units must provide high durability and reliability, and maintain mechanical and technological characteristics throughout the life span of the aircraft. Different elements of aircraft structures work under mechanical loads, over a wide temperature range, with varying degrees of exposure to corrosive environments. Aircraft structural materials have a variation in the characteristics values and require the various testing methods for their inspection.

In many NDT methods applied in aviation materials testing, signals that could be represented by a narrowband processes model are used. Known methods of their processing are focused on determining and analyzing the signals amplitude characteristics, but the information resource contained in phase characteristics is not used.

In the article, the methodology for signal processing and determining phase characteristics in the time domain are discussed. It is based on the combination of the discrete Hilbert transform and the deterministic and statistical methods of the phase measurement. There are given examples of the application of the methodology for pulsed eddy current testing of electrically conductive materials and products, ultrasonic thickness measurement of products made of materials have significant ultrasonic attenuation, the realization impulse variant of acoustic impedance flaw detection of products made of composite materials. The examples have shown that the proposed signal processing methodology enables to determine new information parameters and signal characteristics for the industry, and extend the scope of known NDT methods.
Detection of the Fatigue Cracks Initiated near the Rivet Holes by Eddy Current Inspection Techniques
Authors: Uchanin Valentyn
Published: August 2020

Eddy current (EC) method is considered as most applicable for in-service detection of fatigue subsurface cracks initiated in aircraft multilayer structures near the rivet holes. At the same time, the successful solution of this problem is obstructed by additional noise created by defect-free rivets. All EC inspection techniques for the detection of subsurface cracks around the rivets can be classified into three main groups: 1) static mode – carried out by placing the EC probe concentrically on the rivet head; 2) rotational mode – when the EC probe is rotated around the rivet axle and 2) sliding mode – performed by the movement of EC probe along the rivet line or near it. All these approaches have some advantages and limitations. In this study, known EC techniques for the detection of cracks in multilayer aircraft structures are analyzed. New advanced EC techniques for the detection of fatigue cracks in internal layers of the riveted structures based on different types (ring, sliding, and rotational) probes are presented. The static EC method with developed low-height ring-type probe creates the possibility to detect cracks in the difficult of access areas. The possibility to estimate the length of detected cracks by a ring-type probe is shown. The proposed rotational remote field EC probe can detect as small as 1.0 mm long cracks under the button-head rivet and 2 mm thick upper skin with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, in many aircraft structures, fatigue cracks will be detected before a critical threshold achieved. New EC sliding techniques based on remote field and double differential probes were proposed for the rapid detection of cracks in internal layers of riveted aircraft structures. Remote-field EC probe for reliable detection of fatigue cracks in third and fourth layers of five-layer units was proposed. Another sliding technique based on a double differential EC probe gives the possibility to detect transverse cracks in the second layer without the rivet row area access. The main advantage of developed techniques is high inspection reliability due to the possibility to discriminate the signals created by cracks and defect-free rivets. Presented inspection procedures include the selective signal analysis in the complex plane diagram. Proposed EC inspection techniques were successfully implemented into the aircraft maintenance practice.
Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators of Railway Stations
Authors: Čamaj Juraj , Černá Lenka , Šperka Adrián , Zmeškal Ekaterina
Published: August 2020

The liberalization of the rail freight market has been booming in recent years. On a pan-European scale, new freight carriers are increasing year after year. Support for the liberalization of the railway sector is mainly implemented through the so-called railway packages and one of the tools is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the individual railway stations. The relevance of the article is mainly to propose measures for railway stations, where freight transport is declining despite the liberalized market. These are main railway stations located on regional lines and railway stations with a smaller scope of transport work. The aim of this paper will be to propose measures to support freight transport in the Slovak Republic by setting minimum requirements (standards) for railway stations depending on their performance, respecting their current technical level of railway operation.
PENGARUH EFEK LEVERAGE SEBAGAI PEMODERASI TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) DAN STRUKTUR MODAL
Authors: Ramdini Sherly Fristylia , Hutabarat Francis
Published: August 2020

Research that can be done to study the relationship of return on equity to capital structure with Leverage dieminten period 2017-2018 Property Real Estate Subsector on the IDX. Secondary data retrieval is based on 14 units from the Property Real Estate sub-sector using Purposive Sampling techniques and related annual reports with the following company codes APLN, ASRI, KIJA, GAMA, BSDE, BKSL, CTRA, MYRX, SMDM, SMRA, LPCK, LPKR, BEST, and FATHER. The results of this study indicate that leverage has a good or positive relationship with the capital structure in the Real Estate and Property emintent for the period 2017-2018. While ROE does not have a relationship related to the Capital Structure of the emintent in Real Estate and Property listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2018
Analyzing the production and economic indicators of Russia's largest iron and steel works
Authors: Yashalova N.N. , Ryabkov I.L.
Published: August 2020

Subject. We investigate trends in the development of the largest steel companies in the Russian Federation.
Objectives. The aim of the study is to conduct an industry-wide analysis of the production and economic activities of the largest domestic enterprises operating in the iron and steel industry.
Methods. The study employs methods of comparative and system analysis, graphical and statistical methods for data processing.
Results. We present the analysis of main production and economic indicators of the leading steel producers of the Russian Federation, i.e. NLMK, Severstal, MMK, and EVRAZ. The paper reveals their current status and key development trends.
Conclusions. The largest Russian steel companies face serious challenges in both the domestic and foreign market. Competitive interactions in the domestic market as to the sale price of rolled metal and the share of presence are particularly sensitive. The threat of reduced supplies to export markets is also significant for Russian steel producers. It may entail insufficient utilization of capacities and potential loss of added value. The companies mainly export semi–finished goods and hot-rolled flat products, i.e. low-added value products. Products with high added value are usually delivered to the domestic market.
A correlation analysis of the impact of venture investment on innovative economic development
Authors: Postnikov V.P. , Trubinova K.A.
Published: August 2020

Subject. We consider venture investment as one of the most relevant tools for innovative system development in the Russian Federation.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze relationships between the Russian venture capital market and the innovative development of the Russian economy.
Methods. The study draws on the systems and situational approaches (analysis of the current state of the system in the direction of its development), logical and retrospective analysis, synthesis, method of tabular and graphical analysis. We also employ the factor and correlation analysis.
Results. The study considers theoretical foundations for venture financing. We provide a summary table, reflecting the characteristics of project stages for company development, and distribution of investors by these stages. We performed the analysis of the venture investment market in Russia, revealed the most attractive stages of company development and investment niches, considered the status of innovation-driven economy of Russia, and conducted a correlation analysis of relationship between indicators of the Russian venture capital market and indicators of innovative development of the country.
Conclusions. Developing the venture capital ecosystem and the algorithm for attracting venture capital investors to finance innovation projects has a direct impact on and enhances the country's innovative activities. It will also enable to increase the number of successfully implemented projects.
A study of the tax revenue growth factors of the depressed region
Authors: Koroleva L.P.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article explores the cause-effect relationship between the tax efficiency of the depressed region's economy in the gross regional product and the macroeconomic indicators that characterize the region's socio-economic development.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the tax efficiency of the economies of the RF Volga Federal District subjects and identify factors of growth of tax revenue of depressed still potentially promising regions, considering the Republic of Mordovia as a case study.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of economic and correlation analyses.
Results. The article identifies factors that have the most direct impact on the tax performance of the region's economy. It presents two equations of linear multiple regression, helping determine the contribution of these factors to the variation of the tax quota.
Conclusions and Relevance. To reduce the differentiation of Russian entities by level and pace of socio-economic development in depressed regions, it is necessary to stimulate aggregate demand, an increase in investment, and create new high-tech industrial productions. This will contribute to the growth of tax revenues and reduce the level of subsidy of depressed regions. The models presented can be used to predict tax efficiency when the region's socio-economic development level changes.
Homotopy Transforms Analysis Method for Solving Fractional Navier- Stokes Equations with Applications
Authors: Nemah Eman Mohmmed
Published: August 2020

The presented work includes the Homotopy Transforms of Analysis Method (HTAM). By this method, the approximate solution of nonlinear Navier- Stokes equations of fractional order derivative was obtained.  The Caputo's derivative was used in the proposed method. The desired solution was calculated by using the convergent power series to the components. The obtained results are demonstrated by comparison with the results of Adomain decomposition method, Homotopy Analysis method and exact solution, as explained in examples (4.1) and (4.2). The comparison shows that the used method is powerful and efficient.
De-Noising of Corrupted Fluoroscopy Images Based on a New Multi-Line Algorithm
Authors: Ali Maytham. A. , Romli Rohaida
Published: August 2020

Fluoroscopic images are a field of medical images that depends on the quality of image for correct diagnosis; the main trouble is the de-nosing and how to keep the poise between degradation of noisy image, from one side, and edge and fine details preservation, from the other side, especially when fluoroscopic images contain black and white type noise with high density. The previous filters could usually handle low/medium black and white type noise densities, that expense edge, =fine details preservation and fail with high density of noise that corrupts the images. Therefore, this paper proposed a new Multi-Line algorithm that deals with high-corrupted image with high density of black and white type noise. The experiments achieved images with a high quality and effectively preserved edge and fine details against black and white type noise densities depending on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Image Enhancement Factor (IEF) measures.
An application of Barnacle Mating Optimizer in Infectious Disease Prediction: A Dengue Outbreak Cases
Authors: Mustaffa Zuriani , Sulaiman Mohd Herwan , Mohsin Mohamad Farhan Mohamad , Yusof Yuhanis , Ernawan Ferda , Yusob Bariah , Noor Noorhuzaimi Mohd
Published: August 2020

Meta-heuristic algorithms have been significantly applied in addressing various real-world prediction problem, including in disease prediction. Having a reliable disease prediction model benefits many parties in providing proper preparation for prevention purposes. Hence, the number of cases can be reduced. In this study, a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm namely Barnacle Mating Optimizer (BMO) is proposed for short term dengue outbreak prediction. The BMO prediction model is realized over real dengue cases data recorded in weekly frequency from Malaysia. In addition, meteorological data sets were also been employed as input. For evaluation purposes, error analysis relative to Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) were employed to validate the performance of the identified algorithms which includes the comparison between BMO against Moth Flame Optimizer (MFO) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithms. Upon simulation, the superiority is in favour to BMO by producing lower error rates.
Investigating EFL Teachers’ Beliefs Concerning Teaching Grammar of “SUNRISE” Curriculum in Duhok High Schools
Authors: Malla Abbas Z. , Haji Nawzar M.
Published: August 2020

This research studied English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ beliefs towards grammar teaching of Sunrise curriculum in Duhok high schools. The study aimed to investigate teachers' beliefs about teaching grammar of Sunrise curriculum, identifying the practices that English teachers prefer to use in teaching grammar, and the difficulties that they face in grammar teaching classes. The participants were in-service EFL teachers of Duhok governorate high schools. Questionnaires and interview were the two instruments used for data collection. The results showed that high school EFL teachers in Duhok do indeed possess a set of excellent beliefs, but their practices are not compatible with their beliefs for various complicated reasons.
Evaluating the Use of Kurdish in Efl Classes at Secondary Schools in Duhok City: A Teacher’s Perspective
Authors: Hussein Asma A. , Zeebaree Hamza
Published: August 2020

This study examines the use of first language (L1) in secondary school EFL classes in Duhok city in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The use of L1 in EFL classes has been an ongoing debate among researchers and practitioners across the globe especially as regards its role as a facilitator of, or a hinderance/barrier to the teaching of English. Hence, the researcher aims to discover whether or not the use of Kurdish facilitates the teaching of English, in secondary schools in Duhok city. In addition, the researcher aims at finding out on what basis do teachers decide to use L1 and for what purposes do they use it. In this study, among the participants were 50 English language teachers from different secondary schools in Duhok city. The data were collected through interviews. The results indicated that the use of L1 (Kurdish) facilitates teaching of foreign language (FL) and that a balanced and judicious use of L1 in the EFL classroom by teachers can be useful in the language learning process especially with regard to grammar and vocabulary instruction.
Educational Augmented Reality Solar System
Authors: Alkurdi Ahmad A. H.
Published: August 2020

Augmented reality (AR) has been the main focus for several technology corporations in the past few years. AR is the integration of computer generated objects with the users’ environment. The advancement of hardware enables devices to create and place virtual objects in our setting. AR concepts have provided great capabilities for the educational, entertainment and health sector.

People, specifically Primary school children comprehend visual material much more efficiently than imaginary or textual subjects. Augmented reality helps in visualizing and picturing different subjects in classrooms whereas traditionally students would have to imagine the subjects at hand.

ARKit is a powerful framework developed for iOS that enables iOS based devices to provide AR capabilities. This framework supports the placement of computer generated object in to our world in a seamless and effortless manner.

The proposed system is an augmented reality mobile application which illustrates the movement of the solar system. It also incorporates functionality to show specific information about planets for educational purposes. the system is a gateway for developing similar educational applications for school children.