bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGISLASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP FENOMENA FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY PEER TO PEER LENDING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aminuddin Nur Afifah
Published: August 2021

Financial technology is the implementation of the use of technology to improve banking and financial services. The emergence of Fintech-based companies, especially those offering lending and borrowing services or Peer To Peer Lending (P2PL) is currently getting the attention of the public and regulators. P2PL-based fintech services are one of the solutions for limited access to financial services in the country and realizing financial inclusion through synergies with financial institutions and technology companies. With the development of fintech peer to peer lending, illegal fintech problems arise which are detrimental to society, so it is necessary to study the legal protection of the regulations that govern it, and how to resolve disputes against it This research is normative by examining legal issues regarding legal protection for consumers and fintech peer to peer lending services and dispute resolution in the fintech business. The research method used includes a statue approach and a conceptual approach.

Keywords : Legal Protection, Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending.

 

Financial technology merupakan implementasi dari pemanfaatan teknologi untuk peningkatan layanan jasa perbankan dan keuangan. Kemunculan perusahaan-perusahaan berbasis Fintech terutama yang menawarkan layanan pinjam meminjam uang atau Peer To Peer Lending (P2PL) saat ini semakin mendapatkan perhatian publik dan regulator. Layanan fintech berbasis P2PL menjadi salah satu solusi terbatasnya akses layanan keuangan di tanah air dan mewujudkan iklusi keuangan melalui sinerginya dengan istitusi-institusi keuangan dan perusahaan-perusahaan teknologi. Semakin berkembangnya fintech peer to peer lending timbul permasalahan fintech illegal yang banyak merugikan masyarakat, maka itu perlu dilakukan kajian perlindungan hukum terhadap regulasi yang mengaturnya, serta bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa terhadapnya. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan mengkaji isu hukum tentang perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dan layanan fintech peer to peer lending dan penyelesaian sengketa pada bisnis fintech. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan undang-undang (statue approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).
Kata Kunci : Perlindungan hukum, financial technology peer to peer lending.
ANALISIS PEMBUBARAN ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA HUKUM YANG BEBAS BERSERIKAT
Authors: Wardani Aini Kusuma
Published: August 2021

The results of the study of this article concluded that the 1945 National Constitution emphasized the importance of the system of check and balances (supervision and balance) which need to be a clear division of power between executive and judicial functions. This means that in the problem of dissolving community organizations it is very important to involve the court to break the verdict of the dissolution of community organizations in Indonesia by carrying out the settlement of disputes in court using the principle of justice, simple and mild costs so that the process of resolving the dissolution of community organizations can be carried out effectively and effectively

Keywords: Community organization, HTI

Berdasarkan hasil kajian artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa UUD NRI Tahun 1945 menekankan pentingnya sistem check and balances (pengawasan dan keseimbangan) yang mana perlu ada pembagian kekuasaan yang jelas antara fungsi eksekutif dan yudikatif. Artinya dalam permasalahan pembubaran organisasi kemasyarakatan sangat penting untuk melibatkan pengadilan untuk memutus vonis pembubaran organisasi kemasyarakatan di Indonesia dengan cara melakukan penataan penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan dengan menggunakan asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan sehingga proses penyelesaian sengketa pembubaran organisasi kemasyarakatan bisa dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien.

Kata Kunci: Organisasi Kemasyarakatan, HTI
Geographic and genetic variation in susceptibility of Butomus umbellatus to foliar fungal pathogens
Authors: Harms Nathan , Shearer Judy , Cronin James , Gaskin John
Published: August 2021

Large-scale patterns of plant invasions may reflect regional heterogeneity in biotic and abiotic factors and genetic variation within and between invading populations. Having information on how effects of biotic resistance vary spatially can be especially important when implementing biological control because introduced agents may have different Impacts through interactions with host-plant genotype, local environment, or other novel enemies. We conducted a series of field surveys and laboratory studies to determine whether there was evidence of biotic resistance, as foliar fungal pathogens, in two introduced genotypes (triploid G1, diploid G4) of the Eurasian wetland weed, Butomus umbellatus L. in the USA. We tested whether genotypes differed in disease attack and whether spatial patterns in disease incidence were related to geographic location or climate for either genotype. After accounting for location (latitude, climate), G1 plants had lower disease incidence than G4 plants in the field (38% vs. 70%) but similar pathogen richness. In contrast, bioassays revealed G1 plants consistently received a higher damage score and had larger leaf lesions regardless of pathogen. These results demonstrate that two widespread B. umbellatus genotypes exhibit different susceptibility to pathogens and effectiveness of pathogen biological controls may depend on local conditions.
Do health preferences differ among Asian populations? A comparison of EQ-5D-5L Discrete Choice Experiments data from 11 Asian studies
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Purba Fredrick , Shafie Asrul Akmal , Igarashi Ataru , Wong Eliza , Lam Hilton , Minh Hoang Van , Lin Hsiang-Wen , Ahn Jeonghoon , Pattanaphesai Juntana , Jo Min-Woo , Mai Vu Quynh , Busschbach Jan , Luo Nan , Jiang Jie
Published: August 2021

Introduction

For establishing EQ-5D-5L value set, the EuroQol Group developed a standardized EQ-VT protocol. Both time-trade off (TTO) method and discrete choice experiment (DCE) method are used in the EQ-VT protocol. Published studies did not make use of the DCE data for comparison purpose. This study aims to compare the health preferences among 11 Asian studies using the DCE data collected in their EQ-5D-5L valuation studies.

Methods

In the EQ-VT protocol, 196 pairs of EQ-5D-5L health states were valued by a general population sample using DCE method for all 11 studies. DCE data was obtained from the study PI. Three different main-effects models were fitted for each study. Coefficients were first tested between studies. Next, the relative importance of dimensions and levels was calculated and compared.

Results

The number of statistically differed coefficients ranged from 5 to 16, out of 20 main-effects coefficients. For the relative importance, there is not a universal preference pattern that fits all studies, but with some common characteristics e.g. mobility is the most weighted dimension except for Vietnam; the relative importance of levels were approximately 20% for level 2, 30% for level 3, 70% for level 4 across all studies.

Discussion

This study confirmed that health preferences heterogeneity among Asian populations. It is therefore justifiable to announce that national/regional value sets should be used for calculating health utility.
NEWS2 Versus PSI in CAP
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Saifullah Nausheen , Ahmed Naseem , Jafri Saira , Barry Aziz , Jawad Nadia
Published: August 2021

Background: In the UK, National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) has been in frequent use to precisely categorize patients according to severity and as an aid in deciding the level of management. NEWS2 is an excellent tool that does not need any laboratory investigation to mark. With Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), however, many variables are taken into account i.e. clinical, laboratory and imaging to score the patients into classes of severity. Our aim is to compare NEWS2 with PSI to foresee in-hospital mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on a sample of 116 Pakistanis presenting with CAP. We performed statistical analyses on SPSS version 22.0 and observed frequencies of various categorized variables. ROC curve for estimating AUC and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate predictive validity of each severity score in relation to in-hospital outcome.Results: There were 45 (38.8%) mortalities during the hospital stay. Sensitivity of NEWS2 in terms of mortality prediction was 97.8% but specificity was only 15.5% whereas PSI showed worse sensitivity (68.9%) but better specificity (50.7%).Conclusion: NEWS2 is much more sensitive than specific for prediction of mortality among CAP patients as compared to PSI.
LOGO, a contextualized pre-trained language model of human genome flexibly adapts to various downstream tasks by fine-tuning
Authors: Yang Meng , Huang Haiping , Huang Lichao , Zhang Nan , Wu Jihong , Yang Huanming , Mu Feng
Published: August 2021

Interpretation of non-coding genome remains an unsolved challenge in human genetics due to impracticality of exhaustively annotate biochemically active elements in all conditions. Deep learning based computational approaches emerge recently to help interpretating non-coding regions. Here we present LOGO (Language of Genome), a self-attention based contextualized pre-trained language model that applies self-supervision techniques to learn bidirectional representations of unlabeled human reference genome and extend to a series of downstream tasks via fine-tuning. We also explore a novel knowledge embedded version of LOGO to incorporate prior human annotations. Experiments show that LOGO achieves 15% absolute improvement for promoter identification and up to 4.5% absolute improvement for enhancer-promoter interaction prediction. LOGO exhibits state-of-the-art predictive power on chromatin features with only 3% parameterization against fully supervised convolutional neural network, DeepSEA. Fine-tuned LOGO also shows outstanding performance in prioritizing non-coding variants associated with human diseases. In addition, we apply LOGO to interpret type 2 diabetes (T2D) GWAS signals and infer underlying regulatory mechanisms. We make a conceptual analogy between natural language and human genome and demonstrate LOGO is an accurate, fast, scalable, and robust framework with powerful adaptability to various tasks without substantial task-specific architecture modifications.
Efficacy of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil with epidural analgesia for post-cesarean section analgesia: a multi-center, prospective, randomized, blinded trial
Authors: Wang Ling-Yu , Hu Zu-Rong , Zhang Chun-Yuan , Dai Zai-Shen , Han Bao-Yi , Zeng Wei , Hu Hong-Tao , Song Xing-Rong , She Ying-Jun
Published: August 2021

BackgroundEpidural analgesia provided satisfactory analgesic effects of incision pain after cesarean section. However, uterine contraction pain is also a common complication that cannot be relieved despite adequate levels of sensory blockade by epidural analgesia. This study evaluates the effect of flurbiprofen axetil with patient-controlled epidural analgesia on incision pain and uterine contraction pain after cesarean section.MethodsA multi-center, prospective, randomized, blinded trial was performed. 1000 obstetric patients scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomized to receive epidural analgesia with intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (group EF) or placebo (group E) postoperatively. The primary outcomes were incision pain and uterine contraction pain score 48 hours after a cesarean section. Secondary outcomes were the PCEA attempts, the incidence of complication, satisfaction scores, and return of gastrointestinal (GI) function.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between groups. The VAS of uterine contraction pain was significantly lower in group EF than in group E from 12 hours to 48 hours after cesarean delivery (P < 0.01). The VAS of incision pain at rest and on movement was lower in group EF than in group E from 12 hours to 48 hours after cesarean delivery. While sitting or walking, the VAS of incision pain was lower in group EF compared with that in group E. GI function recovered faster in group EF than that in group E (15 ± 6 vs. 25 ± 12, 95%CI 5.7 to 8.7, P < 0.01). The satisfaction scores are higher in group EF than that in group E (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5, 95%CI -0.36 to -0.11, P < 0.01).ConclusionCombination flurbiprofen axetil with PCEA provides more effective analgesia for uterine contraction pain and incision pain after cesarean section, with a higher quality of recovery and better satisfaction scores.Trials RegistrationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (IRB2017062201) and written informed consent was obtained from his or her parents or legal guardians for each pediatric patient in the trial. The trial was registered before patient enrollment at chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-IOR-17011956, Principal investigator: Ying-Jun She, Date of registration: 2017.07.12). Written informed consent was obtained from patients in the study.
A dynamic framework for updating approximations with increasing or decreasing objects in multi-granulation rough sets
Authors: Wang Hong , Guan Tao
Published: August 2021

The data we need to deal with is getting bigger and bigger in recent years, and the same happens to multi-granulation rough set, so updated schemes have been proposed with the variation of attributes or attribute values in multi-granulation rough sets, this paper puts forward a dynamic mechanism to update the approximations of multi-granulation rough sets when adding or deleting objects. Firstly, the relationships between the original approximations and updated approximations are explored when adding or deleting objects in multi-granulation rough sets, and the dynamic processes of updating optimistic and pessimistic multi-granulation rough approximations are proposed. Secondly, two corresponding dynamic algorithms are proposed to update the lower and upper approximations of optimistic and pessimistic multi-granulation rough sets. Finally, a great quantity of experiments had been implemented, and the results indicate that two dynamic algorithms proposed are more effective than the static algorithm.
Comparison of QSOFA and SIRS Scores for the Prediction of Adverse Outcomes of Secondary Peritonitis in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Uganda: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nkonge Emmanuel , Kituuka Olivia , Ocen William
Published: August 2021

Background: SIRS and qSOFA are two ancillary scoring tools that have been used globally, inside and outside of ICU to predict adverse outcomes of infections such as secondary peritonitis. Mulago hospital uses SIRS outside the ICU to identify patients with secondary peritonitis, who are at risk of adverse outcomes. However it’s associated with delays in decision making given its partial reliance on laboratory parameters. In response to the practical limitations of SIRS, the sepsis-3 task force recommends qSOFA as a better tool, however its performance in patients with secondary peritonitis in comparison to that of SIRS has not been evaluated in Mulago hospital, Uganda.Objective: To compare the performance of qSOFA and SIRS scores in predicting adverse outcomes of secondary peritonitis in Mulago hospital, Uganda.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with clinically confirmed secondary peritonitis, from March 2018 to January 2019 at the A&E, Mulago hospital. QSOFA and SIRS scores were generated for each of the patient, with a score of ≥ 2 recorded as high risk, while a score of ≤ 2 recorded as low risk for the adverse outcome respectively. After surgery, patients were followed up until discharge or death. In-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay were the primary and secondary adverse outcomes, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy at 95% confidence interval were calculated for each of the scores using STATA v.13Results: A total of 153 patients were enrolled. Of these, 151(M: F, 2.4:1) completed follow up and were analysed, 2 were excluded. Mortality rate was 11.9%. Fourty (26.5%) patients had a prolonged hospital stay. QSOFA predicted in-hospital mortality with AUROC of 0.52 versus 0.62, for SIRS. Similarly, qSOFA predicted prolonged hospital stay with AUROC of 0.54 versus 0.57, for SIRS.Conclusion: SIRS is superior to qSOFA in predicting both mortality and prolonged hospital stay among patients with secondary peritonitis. However, overall, both scores showed a poor discrimination for both adverse outcomes and therefore not ideal tools.
Using Bioinformatics To Mine The Hub Immune-Related Genes in Low-Grade Gliomas Based On TCGA and CGGA Databases
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Li Song , Li Xiaodong , Gao Lei
Published: August 2021

Background

Low grade gliomas(LGG) are the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system. Tumor cells interact with immune cells and stromal molecules to form glioma immune microenvironment, which plays an important role in tumor progression.
Methods

According to the immune median score of ESTIMATE website, the gene expression and clinical data downloaded from TCGA database was analyzed in subgroups (high and low immune score groups). The DEGs were screened with the change threshold of P < 0.05 and | logfc | ≥ 1, and the volcano map and heat map were drawn by the ggplot2 package. Go and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Metascape website. The PPI network of DEGs was constructed by STRING website. The hub genes were screened by using cytohubb plug-in of Cytoscape. CGGA and TCGA websites were utilized to analyze the overall survival of hub genes on LGG, and THPA database was used to further verify those protein expression in LGG and normal tissues.
Results

Subgroup analysis of immune-related score showed that the prognosis of patients was negatively correlated with immune-related score. The ROC curve of 5-year and 3-year survival rate was 0.88 and 0.75 respectively. The immune-related score was substantially correlated with IDH1 mutation status, tumor size and pathological type. The GO term enrichment showed that DEGs were closely related to the activation and regulation of immune related factors, the production and regulation of immune response. KEGG enriched in Staphylococcus aureus infection and phagosome. In addition, CPLX1 and TLR7 were associated with immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment.
Conclusions

Subgroups based on immune-related score can guide the prognosis of LGG. And CPLX1 and TLR7 may be the key genes of LGG immunology and potential biological targets for detection, diagnosis and immunology of LGG.
Time to Surgery Does Not Influence Survival Outcome in Patients With Upfront Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Brugel Mathias , Bouché Olivier , Kianmanesh Reza , Teuma Lugdivine , Tashkandi Ahmad , Regimbeau Jean Marc , Pessaux Patrick , Royer Benoit , Rhaiem Rami , Perrenot Cyril , Neuzillet Cindy , Piardi Tullio , Deguelte Sophie
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThis study evaluated the impact of time to surgery (TTS) on overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and postoperative complication rate in patients with upfront resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA).MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who underwent upfront surgery for PA between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2014 from four French centers. TTS was defined as the number of days between the date of the first consultation in specialist care and the date of surgery. DFS for a 14-day TTS was the primary endpoint. We also analyzed survival depending on different delay cut-offs (7, 14, 28, 60 and 75 days).ResultsA total of 168 patients were included. 59 patients (35%) underwent an upfront surgery within 14 days. Patients in the higher delay group had significantly more vein resections and endoscopic biliary drainage. Adjusted OS (p = 0.44), DFS (p = 0.99), fistulas (p = 0.41), hemorrhage (p = 0.59) and severe post-operative complications (p = 0.82) were similar in both groups. Other delay cut-offs had no impact on OS or DFS.DiscussionTTS seems to have no impact on OS, DFS and 90-day postoperative morbidity.
Analysis of Immunohistochemical Characteristics and Recurrence After Complete Remission with Fertility Preservation Treatment in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma and Endometrial a typical Hyperplasia
Authors: Li Liwei , Xiao Zerui , Wang Yiqin , He Yijiao , Wang Zhiqi , Shen Danhua , Wang Jianliu
Published: August 2021

Objective To investigate the relationship between immunohistochemical characteristics and recurrence after complete remission(CR) with fertility preservation treatment in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH). Methods The clinical data and immunohistochemical results of 53 patients with EC and 68 patients with AH admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether recurrence after complete remission (CR): Group 1: recurrence after CR; Group 2: no recurrence after CR, for statistical analysis. Results (1)The expression rate of ER in Group 1 was lower than that in Group 2, (P < 0.05). The expression rate of Ki-67 in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Group 2, (P < 0.01). The expression rates of PR, P16, P53, and PTEN were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05); (2) Combination index ER/ Ki-67 row ROC curve analysis, there was a significant difference (P < 0.01), the best cut-off value was 3.55, sensitivity 0.730, specificity 1.000, Youden index 0.730. The 3-year RFS of high rate patients was 100%, and that of low rate patients was 42.3%, P＜0.01. Conclusions The expression rate of Ki-67 is of great significance in predicting the recurrence of EC after fertility preservation therapy. The best cut-off value of combination index ER/ Ki-67 (3.55) was better than a single immunohistochemical marker in predicting recurrence of EC after fertility preservation treatment.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Independent Indicators Among PFDN1/2/3/4/5/6 in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dai Yin-Hai , Li Fuping , Kong Wei-Jie , Zhang Xue-Qin , Wang Mao , Ma Hai-Long , Wang Qi
Published: August 2021

Background: Previous studies have proved that the aberrant expressions of PFDNs (Prefoldin) family proteins were correlated with several human cancer. However, the specific functions of PFDNs in liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC) remain unknown. The study aimed to identify the prognostic biomarkers and independent indicators among PFDN1/2/3/4/5/6 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: We used these databases including Oncomine, Ualcan, GEPIA2, Human Protein Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, STRI-NG and TIMER and the software of Cytoscape in our study.Results: PFDN1/2/3/4/5/6 were highly expressed in LIHC tissues. The mRNA expression levels of PFDN1/2/3/4/5/6 were relevant to tumor grades.PFDN1/3/4/5 expressions significantly changed in different cancer stages. The protein expression levels of PFDNs were higher in LIHC tissue than normal liver tissue. Moreover, High mRNA expressions of PFDN1/2/3/4 were associated with shorter OS of LIHC patients. In multivariate analysis,high expressions of PFDN1/2/4 were independently correlated with poorer OS of LIHC patients. In our findings,55% of patients with LIHC had genetic mutations on PFDNs. Besides, there were significant associations between the expressions of PFDN1/2/3/4/5 and six types of infiltrated immune cells(B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cells).Conclusions:PFDN1/2/3/4 were potential prognostic markers to suggest poor OS of LIHC patients. In addition, high PFDN1/2/4 expressions were independent prognostic factors in OS for LIHC patients.
Development of The Psychosocial Adaptation Questionnaire Among Breast Cancer Women With Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in China
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Zhang Xiujie , Dong Yu , Xu Hui , Jin Feng
Published: August 2021

Background
The adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) of breast cancer often impacts women on physiological, psychological, and social facets, which requires them to adjust to achieve psycho-social adaptation (PSA). As a standardized evaluation tool was lacking, we developed a PSA questionnaire of breast cancer women with AET.
Methods
Item development and extraction based on literature, qualitative interviews (n = 16) and assessment of content validity in phase I. Phase II: 300 participants were used to perform item analysis, internal consistency reliability, and exploratory factor analysis by cross-sectional studies. Phase III: Test–retest, criterion validity, and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire were performed with 96 respondents.
Results
In Phase I, the initial questionnaire was formed. In Phase II, exploratory factor analysis demonstrated 4 factors: emotional dimension (6 items), self-cognitive (5 items), self-image (3 items), and social dimension (2 items), the cumulative contribution of the factors was 65.057%. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.876. The correlation coefficient between the questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was 0.565 (p < 0.01). In Phase III, the 16-item questionnaire and its factorial structure was confirmed.
Conclusions
The 16-item questionnaire has been confirmed by good reliability and validity. In conclusion, it could be a useful tool to assess the PSA among breast cancer women with AET and provide a basis for further research.
Life Cycle Assessment of Cogeneration Systems Using Raw and Torrefied Dichrostachys Cinerea (L.) Wight & Arm. (Marabou).
Authors: Alba Yasmani , Pérez-Gil Maylier , Barrera Ernesto L. , Casas-Ledón Yannay , Arteaga-Pérez Luis Ernesto
Published: August 2021

Purpose This study aims to assess environmentally three different alternatives related to the valorization of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arm. (marabou), identified as an invasive tree, as a feedstock for cogeneration facilities installed in the sugarcane industry in Cuba. The alternatives are (A-1) Electricity generation from marabou in a conventional back-pressure steam turbine cycle, (A-2) Electricity generation from torrefied marabou in a back-pressure steam turbine cycle, and (A-3) Electricity generation from torrefied marabou using extraction-condensing turbines.Methods SimaPro 9.0.0.35 software was used for the modeling of the inventory, based on different operational parameters. The ReCiPe environmental impact assessment method was used in the hierarchical perspective, assessing 18 impact categories (midpoint), and 3 damage categories (endpoint).Results and discussion The results demonstrated that A-3 shows the lower environmental impacts (Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Terrestrial Acidification, and Water Consumption) as compared to A-2 and A-1. This performance is explained by a lower normalized marabou consumption (1.85 kg marabou/kWh generated), and lower emissions associated with marabou harvesting, transportation, and processing. The cogeneration stage was the main contributor to the environmental burdens in Water Consumption (100% in A-1; 87% in A-2 and A-3). Marine Ecotoxicity was the impact category with better environmental performance due to the substitution of synthetic mineral fertilizers by ashes produced during combustion. The human health damage category reached the higher impacts on the torrefaction subsystem in the A-3 scenario, representing over 94% of the total environmental burden of the process. PM<10, NO2, and SO2 contributed the most over this damage category, mainly in marabou combustion, causing injuries in respiratory systems by aspiration of organic compounds.Conclusions The use of more efficient technology (extraction-condensing steam turbine), using torrefied marabou as feedstock, compared with the previous alternatives, impacts beneficially on the environment. Thus, a combination of marabou torrefaction with cogeneration facilities in sugarcane industries can be considered as an environmental-friendly technology in the Cuban context. The current study results will help decision-makers implement more sustainable policies in the Cuban energy sector, using marabou as feedstock as an attractive bioenergy route pathway.
Experiment On Fluid Regime Under Different Rotate Velocity In Physical Simulation of Titanium Vertical Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Yin Yajun , Peng Xin , Xiao Gen , Qie Xiwang , Shen Xu , Wan Peng , Ji Xiaoyuan , Zhou Jianxin
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the physical simulation of filling process of vertical centrifugal casting (VCC) of complex titanium alloy casting was studied. Combined with the mature PTV particle tracking technology, the high-speed photography pictures of the filling process of VCC at different rotational speeds were obtained. The trajectory and velocity information of tracer particles in the rotating flow field were obtained by the corresponding analysis software. Then, through the analysis and modeling of quantitative experimental data, the flow behavior characteristics and movement law of titanium alloy melt in the mold cavity under different mold speeds were studied. The results show that: 1. When the mold is still, the front edge of the filling fluid forms a curved surface with the curvature center pointing to the outside of the mold; when the mold rotates, the front edge of the liquid flow forms a curved surface with the curvature center pointing to the inside of the mold; 2. With the increase of the mold rotation speed, the speed of the fluid filling the mold increases significantly; when the rotational speed is greater than 120 rpm, the fluid still has a certain driving force in the mold center far away from the gate It is good for filling the inner corner of mold with fluid; 3. When the rotational speed of centrifugal casting of titanium alloy reaches 45 rpm or above, typical turbulent vortices appear in the wake; with the increase of rotating speed to 180 rpm, the average curvature radius of turbulent vortices first increases and then decreases, and reaches the minimum value of 0.67 cm at 120 rpm.
MicroRNA Signature in Papillary Thyroid Cancer; A Novel Diagnostic Panel
Authors: HONARDOOST MARYAM , Behnagh Arman Karimi , Hosseinkhan Nazanin , Abdolmaleki Fereshte , Panahi Mahshid , Maghsoomi Zohreh , Khamseh Mohammaf Ebrahim
Published: August 2021

Background

Detection of cancer in patients with thyroid nodule requires sensitive and specific diagnostic modalities that are accurate and inexpensive. The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNA panel to detect papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Method:

Following conducting differential expression analysis on stage 1 PTC and normal tissues available in TCGA, Real-time PCR was used to quantify the expression of candidate miRNAs in 59 tissue specimens from 30 patients with PTC and 29 patients with benign nodules. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to access accuracy of miRNA expression levels compared to the pathology report as the gold standard.
Results

There was a significant difference between tissue expression level of miR-9, miR-20b, miR-222 and miR-221 in the PTC group Compared with non-PTC (P value < 0.05). The area under the curves were 1, 0.98, o.99, 0.98 and 1 irrespectively
Conclusion

A panel of miRNA including miR-20b, miR-222, miR-221 and miR-9 expression could be used as a useful to differentiate PTC from benign nodules.
Analysis of Characteristics Pigment And Paper Excavated At The Site of Hoeamsa Temple (12th-Century), Korea
Authors: Go InHee , Mun Seong Woo , Lee Jang Jon , Jeong Hye Young
Published: August 2021

One paper fragment and three pigments were excavated from earthenware found in the Hoeamsa Temple site (Historic Site No. 128), which is presumed to have been constructed in the 12th century. This study identifies the types and characteristics of the paper and pigments through methods such as fiber identification, pigment component analysis, and crystal structure analysis. Using the Graff 'C' staining method, the paper fragment is identified as paper-mulberry bast fiber (B. kazinoki Siebold), and according to radiocarbon dating results, the paper is believed to be from the Joseon Dynasty, between 1460 and 1640, which is when the Hoeamsa temple was believed to have been rebuilt. The green pigment consists of cerussite, malachite, and ataccamite, while quartz, muscovite, and illite were detected in the white pigment, and quartz, hematite, illite, and kaolinite were detected in the red pigment. The L* value ranged from 41.59 to 79.05. The white pigment showed the highest brightness value at 79.05, while the green pigment was measured at 58.20 and the red pigment at 41.59. The a* value ranged from -2.25 to 22.75: the a* value of the red pigment was the highest at 22.75, the green pigment was the lowest at -2.25. The b* value ranged from 7.44 to 26.26: the b*value of the red pigment was the highest at 26.26 and the white pigment was the lowest at 7.44.These scientific data identified the raw materials of paper used during the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the data can be used for repair and restoration of ancient dancheong (traditional Korean decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts) by analyzing the composition of pigments and identifying the characteristics of crystal structure.
Process Improvement of Waste Collection, Materials Recycling And Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Haishang
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Mechanism That Allows Manno-Oligosaccharide To Promote Cellulose Degradation By Microbes And Composting of Cow Manure With Straw
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Duan Manli , Zhou Beibei , Wang Quanjiu , Zhang Zhenshi , Su Lijun , Bai Qingjun
Published: August 2021

New sugar source, manno-oligosaccharide, can regulate the structure of microbes. The effects of adding manno-oligosaccharide at four different levels (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w/w compost) to cow manure–straw compost on the composting process, degradation of lignocellulose, and bacterial community in this study was investigated. The results showed that adding 0.5% manno-oligosaccharide had the greatest effects on accelerating the composting process, reducing the toxicity, and improving the stability of the product. After composting for 25 days, 0.5% oligosaccharide treatment can decrease the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents to 2.25%, 11.25%, and 7.07% respectively, compared with CK. Manno-oligosaccharide affected the distribution of the bacterial community, inhibited pathogenic bacteria, and improved the abundance of functional genes. Finally, adding 0.5% manno-oligosaccharide mainly affected the degradation of lignocellulose by enhancing the C/N value and the abundances of Streptomyces and the secretion system during composting was demonstrated by redundancy analysis.
Identifying The Factors Affecting ‘Patient Engagement’ In Exercise Rehabilitation
Authors: Teo Junsheng Leslie , Zheng Zhen , Bird Stephen Richard
Published: August 2021

Background
Despite the proven benefits of exercise rehabilitation for numerous health conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and recovery from surgery, patient adherence to such programs is reported to often be less than 35%. Increasing patient engagement therefore has the potential to improve patient health outcomes, benefiting the patient, their carers and the services that support them. The aims of this review were to identify the factors that contribute to ‘patient’ engagement in prescribed exercise rehabilitation using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) framework of behavioural analysis.
Methods
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched. ‘COM-B’ was the key word searched for specifically within titles and abstracts, combined with either ‘physical activity’ OR ‘exercise’ included using the ‘AND’ operation. Records were then filtered and excluded following full-text screening based on the predetermined eligibility criteria.
Results
Twenty studies were included in the review. The main COM-B themes highlighted for improving patient engagement were: Capability - improving patient knowledge and cognitive skills for behavioural regulation, such as ‘Action Planning’ and ‘Action Control’, which could also benefit time-management; Opportunity - a balanced life situation that enabled time to be devoted to the exercise program, social support, easily accessible and affordable resources and services; and Motivation - increasing patient levels of self-efficacy and autonomous motivation, which were noted to be influenced by levels of perceived ‘Capability’, additionally ‘Motivation’ was noted to be influenced by patients perceiving the benefits of the exercise, and adherence to the program was promoted by ‘goal-setting’. Other issues in the ‘Capability’ domain included a fear and/or dislike of exercise.
Conclusion
Patient engagement behavior has been shown to be influenced by both external (Opportunity) and intrapersonal variables (Capability and Motivation). Those prescribing exercises within a rehabilitation program need to discuss these factors with their patients and co-design the exercise rehabilitation program in partnership with the patient, since this is likely to improve patient engagement, and thereby result in superior health outcomes. Furthermore, these factors need to be a consideration in clinical trials, if the findings from such trials are to translate into mainstream healthcare settings.
Economic Effects of Employment Loss Among Young People During an Economic Crisis
Authors: Martinez Miguel A. , Cámara Ángeles
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
N-Myc Promotes Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance of Prostate Cancer by TEM8
Authors: Li MingFeng , Fang LinNa , KWANTWI LOUIS BOAFO , He GuiFang , Luo WenWu , Yang LiJie , Huang YuHang , Yin ShiYuan , Cai YongPing , Ma Wei , Zhan HeQin , Tong ZhuTing , Zhang Li , Yin Yu , Liang Chaozhao
Published: August 2021

Although patients with early localized prostate cancer can achieve a longer survival, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has gradually developed with the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). N-Myc and TEM8 play an important role in the progression of several cancer types. However, the underlying mechanism of how N-Myc and TEM8 promote the progression of prostate cancer remains unclear. In this study, the expression of N-Myc and TEM8 were detected in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). To find the mechanism of prostate cancer resistance to treatment, LNCaP cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% Charcoal-stripped fetal Bovine Serum. Subsequently, R language software was used to verify our results. Tubule formation assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was conducted to examine the effect of N-Myc and TEM8 overexpression on angiogenesis of prostate cancer cells.IHC results showed a positive correlation between the expression of N-Myc and TEM8 in prostate cancer tissues. Further analysis showed that N-Myc and TEM8 were associated with clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. We found that the overexpression of N-Myc and TEM8 promotes proliferative ability and angiogenesis. Further, N-Myc and TEM8 overexpression was associated with therapeutic resistance. N-Myc promoted angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer via TEM8. Hence, targeting N-Myc/TEM8 pathway in prostate cancer would be a novel therapeutic strategy to advance the treatment of prostate cancer patients.
Optimal Design of a Helical Coil Support for Dewars in Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Nitin Baby , Sandilya Pavitra , Chakraborty Goutam
Published: August 2021

Fuel cells are gaining popularity because of their efficient energy production without causing environmental pollution. Recently DRDO, has developed a fuel cell-based fuel cell-based Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system. In this system, the hydrogen is produced onboard while oxygen is carried in liquified form (LOX) from the land in specially designed insulated storage vessels called dewars. Such vessels are needed because LOX has low boiling point (NBP ~ 90K) and heat of vaporization (~213 kJ/kg) due to which it boils off easily even when there is small amount of heat inleak from the ambient. A typical dewar consists of two vessels separated by insulation. Support members are used to hold the two vessels together. Heat inleak through the supports and the insulation of the dewar causes the boiling of LOX. The vessels are subjected to dynamic loads during the voyage as well as due to the filling and consumption of LOX. Therefore, the support system should be designed so that it can withstand the dynamic loads experienced by the dewar. While the support system should have enough mechanical strength to withstand the loads it is subjected to, it should also restrict the heat inleak from the ambient to minimize the LOX boil-off. To meet this requirement, we need to optimize the support system design. Design optimization of support systems is especially critical in submarines to reduce the snorkeling frequency. Even though the dewars are available commercially for various applications, their design methodologies are not available in the open literature. Cylindrical rods are generally used as support members. In earlier studies, the authors have shown that helical coils give better thermal performance than tension rods as dewar supports. These two support systems involve different design criteria. It is important to evolve an optimal design of the support system to maximize the mechanical strength of the support while minimizing the heat inleak through the support. In this paper we are presenting a design methodology for optimizing a helical support. We have proposed a modified optimization technique derived from the classical genetic algorithm (GA) for this purpose. The modification has been done by ensuring design feasibility of the coil at each step of the algorithm. The proposed optimization technique has been tested on a LOX dewar and an optimal design of the helical coil support has been obtained.
Torsion In A Complete Bicorporeal Gravid Uterus: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Kimmee , Elfituri Abdullatif , Legit Christina , Doumouchtsis Stergios
Published: August 2021

PurposeBicorporeal uterus has a prevalence of 0.3% and can have significant implications in pregnancy. We encountered a patient in her third pregnancy with a bicorporeal uterus, having had two previous caesarean sections. This pregnancy was in the left hemi-uteri which was damaged during her previous delivery. We discuss the antenatal and intraoperative considerations undertaken. We also share her antenatal imaging and intraoperative photos of her pelvic anatomy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was undertaken on PubMed revealing that uterine torsion in the context of a bicorporeal uterus in pregnancy is a rarely documented occurrence. We used the patient’s electronic obstetric notes for all her pregnancies as well as the computerised records of her imaging. Her caesarean section was electively planned and led by two experienced obstetric consultants and a senior registrar. Postnatally she was contacted for permission to publish the images from her scans and caesarean section. ResultsHer previous obstetric history was important and allowed a high index of suspicion for obstetric complications. Prediction of surgical complexities on antenatal screening and imaging was important in her case. Finally anticipation of possible intraoperative complications allowed for pre-operative planning. ConclusionThis case encompassing a series of learning points and surgical tips which has educational value as well as clinical interest. In the presence of a uterine abnormality, placental complications, extensions of incisions and vascular injury should be anticipated. A safe incision site must be identified before entering the uterine cavity. Therefore involvement of senior clinicians is essential.
Novel Conditioner For Efficient Dewaterability And Modification of Oily Sludge With High Water Content
Authors: Liu Biming , Teng Yue , Song Wenbin , Wu Haixia
Published: August 2021

The Oily sludge with high water content (OS) was dewatered, modified and converted into solid fuel by a novel chemical conditioner (OSO-101). The effect of OSO-101 dosage on the dewaterability of OS was studied, showing that OSO-101 dosage of 15% (wt.) could achieve the best dewaterability efficiency of OS (98.18%). Meanwhile, compared with some conventional conditioners, OSO-101 developed by our team was more effective in improving OS dewaterability efficiency. And OSO-101 may have free radical reaction, polar reaction and redox reaction with petroleum hydrocarbons in OS, thereby polymerizing and forming condensed solid structures. The calorific value change of OS after conditioning, heavy metal content and dioxins content of fly ash leached from incinerated product were measured for resource analysis and environmental assessment. Results showed that the resultant OS fuel blocks had extremely low content of heavy metals, dioxins and other toxic and hazardous substances leached from fly ash, thereby no secondary treatment and fully meeting environmental protection emission standards. Additionally, OSO-101 had certain economic rationality, and could effectively recover the calorific value contained in OS. This research is expected to provide new insights for efficient dewaterability and modification of OS, as well as subsequent resource utilization and harmless treatment, bringing potential environmental and economic benefits.
ASIC1a Stimulates the Resistance of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Promoting Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition via the AKT/GSK3β/Snail Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yinci , Cao Niandie , Gao Jiafeng , Liang Jiaojiao , Liang Yong , Xie Yinghai , Zhou Shuping , Tang Xiaolong
Published: August 2021

Background: The main obstacle to the cure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is multidrug resistance. Acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) acts as a critical roles in all stages of cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis as well as in resistance to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells after being stimulated by extracellular factors and is closely related to tumor infiltration and resistance. Methods: Western blotting assay, Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, MTT and colony formation assay and scratch healing assay were used to detect the level of ASIC1a and the cell proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities in this research.Results: In this research, we found that the protein of ASIC1a is overexpressed in HCC cancer tissues. In addition, we identified that the levels of ASIC1a are highly expressed in resistant HCC cells. Compared with the parental cells, EMT occurred more frequently in drug-resistant cells. Functional studies demonstrated that inactivation of ASIC1a restrained cell migration and invasion and enhanced the chemosensitivity of cells through EMT. In HCC cells, the overexpression of ASIC1a stimulates the up-regulation of EMT characterization molecular level and proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities and further induces drug resistance, while knocking down ASIC1a with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) has the opposite effect. Further investigations found that ASIC1a increased cell migration and invasion through EMT by regulating α and β-catenin, vimentin and fibronectin expression via AKT/GSK-3β/Snail pathway. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that ASIC1a acts an important assignment in drug resistance of HCC through EMT via AKT/GSK-3β/Snail pathway, thereby lending a latent therapeutic objective and new ideas regarding to HCC.