bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRÉVALENCE DE L’INFECTION OCCULTE LIÉE AU VIRUS DE L’HÉPATITE B ET LES GÉNOTYPES CIRCULANTS AU BURKINA FASO
Authors: ReBéMI  , DOUMBIA B  , KEITA A  , DIARRA B  , DJIGMA F  , KONE B  , COULIBALY C  , SIMPORE J
Published: October 2024

Introduction : L’infection occulte par le virus de l’hépatite B (IOB) caractérisée par l’antigène HBs indétectable dans le sérum et une présence de l’ADN viral, constitue un grand problème de santé publique et un enjeu majeur des formes cliniques d’hépatite dans le monde. La persistance d’IOB conduit très souvent au carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) et à l’immunodéficience. Le but de cette étude était d’estimer la prévalence d’IOB et caractériser les génotypes incriminés du virus.
Méthodes : Les plasmas de 252 volontaires négatifs à l’Ag HBs, ont été utilisés pour la mise en évidence de l’ADN viral par PCR classique. La PCR multiplex utilisant des amorces spécifiques de 6 génotypes (A à F) a été utilisée pour la caractérisation.
Résultats : Une prévalence de 11,9% (30/252) de l’IOB a été obtenue avec 7,5% chez les femmes et 4,4% pour les hommes. Les génotypes E (60,0%) et A3 (23,3%) étaient présents et les génotypes B, C, D, et F étaient absents. Une infection mixe aux génotypes E/A3 (16,7%) a été observée. L’anticorps anti-HBc était présent dans 80% des cas IOB.
Conclusion : La prévalence de l’infection occulte au virus de l’hépatite B est relativement élevé au Burkina Faso. Dans notre étude, elle était de 11,9%. Pour minimiser les infections liées au virus de l’hépatite B, il est nécessaire de renforcer le plateau technique pour la détection de ces infections occultes, notamment dans les centres de transfusion sanguine.
 
ABSTRACT
Introduction: occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) defined by DNA viral presence and surface antigen (HBs Ag) undetectable in serum, is a great issue for the public health and a challenge for the clinical entity worldwide. The persistence of OBI can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to provide an estimation of OBI and to characterize the virus genotypes involved.
Methods: Surface antigen (HBs Ag) negative plasmas of 252 volunteers were used for DNA viral detection by classic PCR. Multiplex PCR with specifics primers for 6 genotypes (A, B, C, D, E, and F) has been used for characterization.
Results: The prevalence of OBI was 11.9% (30/252 and the genotypes E (60.0%) and A3 (23.3%) has bees predominant while B, C, D and F were absent. Cases of coinfection by genotype E/A3 (16.7%) have been observed too.
Conclusion: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection is relatively high in Burkina Faso. In our study, it was 11.9%. To minimize infections linked to the hepatitis B virus, it is necessary to strengthen the technical platform for the detection of these occult infections, particularly among blood donors.
Reinforcement of Female Students at Islamic Boarding School in Preventing Early Marriage Behavior
Authors:   Institute of Science and Health Technology, Dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Department of Midwifery, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Alfitri Rosyidah , Maria Veronika Widiatrilupi Raden ,   Institute of Science and Health Technology, Dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Department of Midwifery, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Safitri Rani ,   Institute of Science and Health Technology, Dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Department of Midwifery, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Early marriage remains a significant problem in Indonesia. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia ranks second after Cambodia in cases of early marriage. East Java has the highest incidence of early marriage in the Java-Bali region. This situation forms the background for implementing the community service program. The purpose of this community service is to raise awareness and reinforce understanding of the risks associated with early marriage or child marriage, especially for female students in Islamic boarding schools. The lack of quality education, both general and religious, often leads to the misinterpretation of religious doctrines, which can harm women and children. This often affects female students in Islamic boarding schools, many of whom come from rural areas. According to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage, the legal age for marriage is 19 years. However, due to socio-economic and educational factors, parents often resort to early marriage as a means to alleviate poverty for their children. This service is implemented by measuring participants' knowledge and understanding before and after the counseling sessions.
Determinan Leverage dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Menggunakan Moderated Regression Analysis
Authors: Fazri Fanisyah , Hariani Swarmilah
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of Leverage and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance with Company Size as a moderation variable. The population in this study is primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2022 period. The sampling method in this study used purposive sampling techniques and obtained 215 samples of observation data. The data used is secondary data where financial statements are obtained from the official IDX website and the web of each company. The analysis method carried out is a multiple linear regression model with the help of the SPSS program version 25. The results of this study show that leverage does not have a significant effect on tax avoidance, capital intensity has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. The size of the company is not able to moderate the effect of leverage and capital intensity on tax avoidance
Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Aplikasi DANA Terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna dalam Melakukan Transaksi Secara Online Sebagai Alat Pembayaran Elektronik (E-Payment) Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Endah Marendah , Hulub Delisman Jaya , Puspitaningnalac Diva Rifdah Rizkia , Jumadi
Published: October 2024

As technology and the internet develop, more and more people are using itE-payment as an easy and fast solution in conducting transactions online. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of service quality on user satisfaction E-payment DANA. The DANA application is an application that supports non-cash payments or Mobile Payment. The type of research used is quantitative, for data collection by distributing questionnaires. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents. The sample taken is the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta who use DANA. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression, t test, F test and test of the coefficient of determination. Based on the test results that have been carried out, the results of this study indicate that partially, reliability, assurance, and responsiveness have a significant effect on user satisfaction. and simultan eously reliability, assurance, and responsiveness have a significant effect on user satisfaction. Keywords: Quality Reliability, Guarantee, Responsiveness, User Satisfaction, DANA
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Tingkat Pendapatan, dan Persepsi Terhadap Minat Wanita Usia Subur Untuk Melakukan Screening Kanker Serviks di Puskesmas Wanajaya Bekasi Tahun 2023
Authors: Putri Priana Dewi
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, income level, and perception towards the interest of women of reproductive age in cervical cancer screening at the Wanajaya Public Health Center in Bekasi. The type of research used is quantitative research with an analytic cross-sectional study approach, and bivariate data analysis will use the Chi-Square test. This research was conducted in December 2022. The data used in this study is primary data with 100 women of reproductive age as respondents. The research results showed that out of 100 women of reproductive age, 81 women (81%) had good knowledge, while 19 women (19%) had insufficient knowledge about cervical cancer screening. As for income levels, 53 women (53%) had a sufficient income level, while 47 women (47%) had a lower income level. Regarding perceptions of cervical cancer screening, 9 women (9%) had good perceptions, 41 women (41%) had moderate perceptions, and 50 women (50%) had poor perceptions. The statistical test results using Chi-Square showed a very significant relationship between income level and interest in cervical cancer screening, with a P-value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. From the analysis, the relationship between knowledge and interest in cervical cancer screening also showed a very high potential, with an Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.758 (2.092-28.761), meaning that women of reproductive age with good knowledge are 7.758 times more likely to be interested in cervical cancer screening compared to those with insufficient knowledge.
Between the Data Act and the GDPR: Attributing Responsibility for Data Sharing
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Napieralski Antoni
Published: October 2024

The normative links between the GDPR and the Data Act increase the complexity of attributing responsibility for data sharing under the Data Act. Due to overlaps in the material scope of the GDPR and the Data Act, exercising access rights stipulated by the DA leads to consequences in attributing controllership under the GDPR. Users who are not data subjects, together with third parties receiving the requested data, are likely to become joint controllers. Judicial interpretation of the concept of joint controllership effectively lowered the threshold of becoming a joint controller. In pursuit of the effective protection of the data subject, joint controllership becomes an unintended consequence of mechanisms introduced by the Data Act.
Data Sharing for the Common Good – Remarks on the Data Altruism Framework Established under the Data Governance Act
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Łódź, Poland, Michałowicz Adrianna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the data altruism framework established under the European Union’s Data Governance Act (DGA) and its potential to foster trust in voluntary data sharing. The DGA, effective from September 2023, introduces legal measures to facilitate the altruistic sharing of personal and non-personal data for objectives of general interest, such as healthcare, scientific research, and disaster response. The study aims to evaluate the regulatory framework’s effectiveness in building trust, focusing on three key aspects: the potential recipients of altruistically shared data, the possibility of commercial use of such data, and the transparency of data processing activities. The findings suggest that while the framework offers mechanisms to enhance trust, its voluntary nature and potential implementation challenges may limit its overall impact.
Experimentalist Competition Law Enforcement as a Complementary Data Sharing Toolkit: Learning from AGCM v. Google – Ostacoli alla Portabilità dei Dati
Authors:   Columbia Law School, Fazio Emanuele
Published: October 2024

Analysing the Italian case AGCM v. Google – Ostacoli alla portabilità dei dati, this paper scrutinises the “experimentalist architecture” of public competition law enforcement in dealing with data sharing disputes. In AGCM v. Google, the experimentalist competition law enforcement aimed at ensuring and designing the right to data portability provided by Article 20 GDPR. The paper investigates the extent to which the conditions and distinctive features of the experimentalist architecture play a role in AGCM v. Google, which include: strategic uncertainty, polyarchic distribution of powers, high degree of discretion of local agents, dynamic accountability, and the participation of all stakeholders in the design, review and updating of cross-sectoral data sharing solutions. In conducting the analysis, the internal administrative dialogue between local actors within the national competition law enforcement process is examined. In addition, the paper explores the potential for an external administrative dialogue between national competition law enforcement, implementation mechanisms, and regulatory revisions of the data sharing framework, involving local and EU actors.
Faire et défaire les liens de parenté : les adoptions
intrafamiliales informelles
Authors: Protar Louise
Published: October 2024

Cadre de la recherche : Cet article s’intéresse aux adoptions
intrafamiliales informelles en Polynésie française et à Kiriwina, en
Papouasie–Nouvelle-Guinée.

Objectifs : Il propose une
grille d’analyse de la circulation des enfants.

Méthodologie : Les observations et les entretiens analysés sont issus de deux
enquêtes ethnographiques. J’ai construit l’analyse des parcours de vie des personnes
impliquées dans des adoptions en lien avec les écrits sur la circulation des enfants et
les travaux récents en anthropologie de la parenté.

Résultats : Les adoptions intrafamiliales informelles se caractérisent par
l’existence d’une relation de parenté entre les parents de naissance et les parents
adoptifs, et l’absence de cadre juridique. Le terme informel renvoie à la souplesse, à la
versatilité du processus d’apparentement. Ce processus a une dimension matérielle, il est
construit par le travail parental, des transactions économiques et par des pratiques de
transmission. Sa temporalité, essentielle à sa compréhension, n’est pas linéaire : les
adoptions peuvent être défaites et certaines périodes biographiques sont propices à
défaire ou à nouer les liens adoptifs. S’apparenter passe aussi par des discours, et
notamment par le récit de l’adoption, qui fabrique de l’intentionnalité et énonce des
affects.

Conclusion : En l’absence d’officialisation de
la filiation, les adoptions informelles reposent sur une accumulation d’actes, matériels
et symboliques, ponctuels et réguliers, accomplis par les parents, les autres membres de
la famille et par les enfants eux-mêmes. Ces actions produisent de
l’attachement.

Contribution : Cet article s’appuie sur
une description de pratiques adoptives contemporaines dans deux sociétés du Pacifique
différentes pour élaborer une proposition analytique transversale qui contribue à l’étude
comparative de la circulation des enfants ainsi qu’à la conceptualisation de la parenté
pratique.
Politiques publiques d’enseignement, nature et incertitudes écologiques contemporaines à l’école de John Stuart Mill
Authors: Roelens Camille
Published: October 2024

Cet article se propose de porter un regard sur la place que les questions environnementales tiennent dans les plus récentes politiques publiques d’éducation scolaire françaises et en particulier dans les programmes d’enseignement pour la période d’instruction obligatoire. Nous présentons pour cela les principales lignes-forces et les implications potentielles du travail philosophique de Mill sur la nature pour penser l’humain et la société. Nous proposons une lecture des plus récentes versions des programmes de l’Éducation nationale française à la lumière des travaux de Mill. Nous discutons de l’opportunité de revisiter la question du sens des savoirs scolaires en démocratie par une école qui, pour des raisons historiques et philosophiques profondes, semble douter d’elle-même. Nous considérons que les programmes actuels semblent échapper au projet d’une telle discussion, même s’il semble possible et souhaitable d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexion et de débats dans ce domaine.
L’École au temps des « catastrophes » : repères épistémologiques et enjeux didactiques pour une éducation au développement durable
Authors: Orange Ravachol Denise
Published: October 2024

L’éducation au développement durable (EDD) est au coeur des orientations de l’École. L’accent est mis sur la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, la protection de l’environnement et de la biodiversité, l’enraiement des pandémies. Il s’agit de donner aux élèves des clés de lecture nécessaires de ces grandes questions sociétales et des moyens d’agir. À quelles conditions est-il possible d’atteindre de tels objectifs ? Le texte aborde ce sujet sous l’angle des catastrophes et des catastrophismes. Leur caractérisation dans les sciences de la nature oblige à faire intervenir des modes de raisonnement intégrant la contingence pour penser l’histoire de la Terre et des vivants, et les incertitudes de leur avenir.
Préparer les élèves à un monde incertain : une éducation aurovillienne
Authors: Vian Thibault
Published: October 2024

La présente investigation entend analyser une expérience éducative d’inspiration orientale : Auroville, en Inde, près de Pondichéry. Cette éducation propose non une progression scolaire homogène et téléologiquement orientée, mais une exploration ouverte de plusieurs univers, pour en penser et en expérimenter les bouleversements, de nature à introduire les élèves dans un monde incertain. Il s’agirait dès lors de penser un modèle alternatif, écologique, spirituel, qui prendrait corps dans un archipel scolaire, où chaque école aurait la forme de petits aurovillages, sur le modèle de la société utopique d’Auroville, avec la création d’une cuisine solaire, d’une médecine par le son, d’un jardin de culture, placé sous le signe de l’écologie politique. Cette expérience de pensée s’accompagne également de considérations critiques pour montrer les limites intrinsèques d’un tel modèle, lequel pourrait néanmoins inspirer quelques audaces pour reconsidérer les systèmes éducatifs contemporains.
Protein absorption in the zebrafish gut is regulated by interactions between lysosome rich enterocytes and the microbiome
Authors: Childers Laura , Park Jieun , Wang Siyao , Liu Richard , Barry Robert , Watts Stephen A , Rawls John F , Bagnat Michel
Published: October 2024

Dietary protein absorption in neonatal mammals and fishes relies on the function of a specialized and conserved population of highly absorptive lysosome rich enterocytes (LREs). The gut microbiome has been shown to enhance absorption of nutrients, such as lipids, by intestinal epithelial cells. However, whether protein absorption is also affected by the gut microbiome is poorly understood. Here, we investigate connections between protein absorption and microbes in the zebrafish gut. Using live microscopy-based quantitative assays, we find that microbes slow the pace of protein uptake and degradation in LREs. While microbes do not affect the number of absorbing LRE cells, microbes lower the expression of endocytic and protein digestion machinery in LREs. Using transgene assisted cell isolation and single cell RNA-sequencing, we characterize all intestinal cells that take up dietary protein. We find that microbes affect expression of bacteria-sensing and metabolic pathways in LREs, and that some secretory cell types also take up protein and share components of protein uptake and digestion machinery with LREs. Using custom-formulated diets, we investigated the influence of diet and LRE activity on the gut microbiome. Impaired protein uptake activity in LREs, along with a protein-deficient diet, alters the microbial community and leads to increased abundance of bacterial genera that have the capacity to reduce protein uptake in LREs. Together, these results reveal that diet-dependent reciprocal interactions between LREs and the gut microbiome regulate protein absorption.
Dual role of FOXG1 in regulating gliogenesis in the developing neocortex via the FGF signalling pathway
Authors: Bose Mahima , Talwar Ishita , Suresh Varun , Mishra Urvi , Biswas Shiona , Yadav Anuradha , Suryavanshi Shital T , Hippenmeyer Simon , Tole Shubha
Published: October 2024

In the developing vertebrate central nervous system, neurons and glia typically arise sequentially from common progenitors. Here, we report that the transcription factor Forkhead Box G1 (
Foxg1
) regulates gliogenesis in the mouse neocortex via distinct cell-autonomous roles in progenitors and in postmitotic neurons that regulate different aspects of the gliogenic FGF signalling pathway. We demonstrate that loss of
Foxg1
in cortical progenitors at neurogenic stages causes premature astrogliogenesis. We identify a novel FOXG1 target, the pro-gliogenic FGF pathway component
Fgfr3
, that is suppressed by FOXG1 cell-autonomously to maintain neurogenesis. Furthermore, FOXG1 can also suppress premature astrogliogenesis triggered by the augmentation of FGF signalling. We identify a second novel function of FOXG1 in regulating the expression of gliogenic cues in newborn neocortical upper-layer neurons.Loss of FOXG1 in postmitotic neurons non-autonomously enhances gliogenesis in the progenitors via FGF signalling. These results fit well with the model that newborn neurons secrete cues that trigger progenitors to produce the next wave of cell types, astrocytes. If FGF signalling is attenuated in
Foxg1
null progenitors, they progress to oligodendrocyte production. Therefore, loss of FOXG1 transitions the progenitor to a gliogenic state, producing either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes depending on FGF signalling levels. Our results uncover how FOXG1 integrates extrinsic signalling via the FGF pathway to regulate the sequential generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex.
Antibodies get under the skin
Authors: Levra Levron Chiara , Piacenti Gabriele , Donati Giacomo
Published: October 2024

By inhibiting receptor-ligand interactions in sebaceous glands, antibodies may be able to treat certain skin conditions.
Genetic requirement of dact1/2 to regulate noncanonical Wnt signaling and calpain 8 during embryonic convergent extension and craniofacial morphogenesis
Authors: Carroll Shannon H , Schafer Sogand , Kawasaki Kenta , Tsimbal Casey , Julé Amélie M , Hallett Shawn A , Li Edward , Liao Eric C
Published: October 2024

Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in embryonic patterning including the regulation of convergent extension during gastrulation, the establishment of the dorsal axis, and later, craniofacial morphogenesis. Further, Wnt signaling is a crucial regulator of craniofacial morphogenesis. The adapter proteins Dact1 and Dact2 modulate the Wnt signaling pathway through binding to Disheveled. However, the distinct relative functions of Dact1 and Dact2 during embryogenesis remain unclear. We found that
dact1
and
dact2
genes have dynamic spatiotemporal expression domains that are reciprocal to one another suggesting distinct functions during zebrafish embryogenesis. Both
dact1
and
dact2
contribute to axis extension, with compound mutants exhibiting a similar convergent extension defect and craniofacial phenotype to the
wnt11f2
mutant. Utilizing single-cell RNAseq and an established noncanonical Wnt pathway mutant with a shortened axis (
gpc4
), we identified
dact1/2
specific roles during early development. Comparative whole transcriptome analysis between wildtype and
gpc4
and wildtype and
dact1/2
compound mutants revealed a novel role for
dact1/2
in regulating the mRNA expression of the classical calpain
capn8
. Over-expression of
capn8
phenocopies
dact1/2
craniofacial dysmorphology. These results identify a previously unappreciated role of
capn8
and calcium-dependent proteolysis during embryogenesis. Taken together, our findings highlight the distinct and overlapping roles of
dact1
and
dact2
in embryonic craniofacial development, providing new insights into the multifaceted regulation of Wnt signaling.
Photoreceptor loss does not recruit neutrophils despite strong microglial activation
Authors: Power Derek , Elstrott Justin , Schallek Jesse
Published: October 2024

In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, tissue resident immune cells such as microglia and circulating systemic neutrophils are often first responders. The degree to which these cells interact in response to CNS damage is poorly understood, and even less so, in the neural retina which poses a challenge for high resolution imaging in vivo. In this study, we deploy fluorescence adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) to study fluorescent microglia and neutrophils in mice. We simultaneously track immune cell dynamics using label-free phase-contrast AOSLO at micron-level resolution. Retinal lesions were induced with 488 nm light focused onto photoreceptor (PR) outer segments. These lesions focally ablated PRs, with minimal collateral damage to cells above and below the plane of focus. We used in vivo (AOSLO, SLO and OCT) imaging to reveal the natural history of the microglial and neutrophil response from minutes-to-months after injury. While microglia showed dynamic and progressive immune response with cells migrating into the injury locus within 1-day after injury, neutrophils were not recruited despite close proximity to vessels carrying neutrophils only microns away. Post-mortem confocal microscopy confirmed in vivo findings. This work illustrates that microglial activation does not recruit neutrophils in response to acute, focal loss of photoreceptors, a condition encountered in many retinal diseases.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Africa: umbrella review of existing meta-analyses
Authors: Hasen Aragaw Asfaw , Mohammed Ahmed Adem , Seid Abubeker Alebachew
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In Africa, healthcare professionals experienced various mental health problems during COVID-19. However, very little was done on the extensive evidence regarding mental disorders. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.

Materials and Methods

Systematic searches of databases African Journals Online, MedRxiv, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to identify studies from the occurrence of COVID-19 from December 2019 to March 2023 were included. To pool the gathered data for results with a 95% confidence interval (CI), DerSimonian-Laird random effects meta-analysis was used. For heterogeneity examination, I2 was used. The quality assessment was evaluated by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist.

Results

A total of five studies reported the prevalence of depression, the pooled prevalence was 53.75% (95% CI [40.80–66.70], I2 = 63.6%, p = 0.027). In a total of four studies, the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 49.97% (95% CI [34.71–65.23], I2 = 71.26%, p = 0.014). From a total of two studies, the pooled prevalence of stress was 57.27% (95% CI [42.28–72.25], I2 = 58.9%, p = 0.119). From a total of four studies, the pooled prevalence of insomnia was 45.16% (95% CI [32.94–57.39], I2 = 50.8%, p = 0.107).

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic highly affects the mental health of healthcare professionals in Africa. Stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were representing the most common based on evidences from existing meta-analyses. This evidence can help experts when executing specific interventions that address mental health problems among healthcare professionals during future public health crises.
Research progress on V delta 1+ T cells and their effect on pathogen infection
Authors: Li Yuxia , Liu Yanfei , Bu Xiaoxiao , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhang Yanyan
Published: October 2024

The ongoing high occurrence of harmful infectious diseases significantly threatens human health. Existing methods used to control such diseases primarily involve targeting the pathogens, usually neglecting the vital role of host factors in disease advancement. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, playing a crucial role in combating pathogen invasion. Among these γδT cell subsets, which are categorized based on T cell receptor delta variable expression patterns, V delta (δ) 1+ T cells possess unique recognition abilities and regulatory characteristics and actively engage in various immune responses. The differentiation, development, and immune reactivity of Vδ1+ T cells are closely associated with the initial and progressive stages of infectious diseases. This article provides an overview of the classification, distribution, differentiation, and development of Vδ1+ T cells and their mechanisms in combating pathogenic infections, offering new insights for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Development and internal and external validation of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of chronic kidney disease progression in IgA nephropathy patients
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Zhixin , Tang Wenwu , Yuan Xinzhu , Xie Xisheng
Published: October 2024

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD), exhibiting significant heterogeneity in both clinical and pathological presentations. We aimed to explore the risk factors influencing short-term prognosis (≥90 days) and to construct a nomogram model for evaluating the risk of CKD progression in IgAN patients.

Methods

Clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with IgAN through biopsy at two centers were retrospectively collected. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the training cohort dataset and identify the independent predictors to construct a nomogram model based on the final variables. The predictive model was validated both internally and externally, with its performance assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Results

Out of the patients in the modeling group, 129 individuals (41.6%) did not achieve remission following 3 months of treatment, indicating a high risk of CKD progression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index, urinary protein excretion, and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were identified as independent predictors for risk stratification. A nomogram model was formulated utilizing the final variables. The AUCs for the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set were 0.746 (95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.691–0.8]), 0.764 (95% CI [0.68–0.85]), and 0.749 (95% CI [0.65–0.85]), respectively. The validation of the subgroup analysis also demonstrated a satisfactory AUC.

Conclusion

This study developed and validated a practical nomogram that can individually predict short-term treatment outcomes (≥90 days) and the risk of CKD progression in IgAN patients. It provides reliable guidance for timely and personalized intervention and treatment strategies.
Review of Domestic and Overseas Regulations and Technical Standards for Water Mist Fire Extinguishing Systems
Authors: Kim Woo-Ho , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: October 2024

The water mist system is an eco-friendly fire-extinguishing technology that suppresses fires using fine droplets with diameters of several hundred micrometers. This suppression occurs through a combination of smothering and cooling effects, as well as by blocking radiant heat. Compared to traditional water-based fire-extinguishing systems, water mist systems provide similar fire suppression capabilities while using only 10% of the water. Internationally, various organizations, such as the International Maritime Organization, Underwriters Laboratories, and Factory Mutual, have established standards and technical guidelines for water mist systems, outlining fire-testing methods and certification procedures. However, domestically, although standards and technical guidelines for water mist systems exist, specific requirements and procedures for certifying the performance of different types of protected objects have not yet been established. This gap has resulted in challenges across diverse operational environments where water mist systems are implemented, primarily due to the lack of clarity in technical standards. This study aims to compare and review the current regulations and standards for the design, manufacture, installation, certification, and maintenance of water mist systems, both domestically and internationally. It proposes a reasonable operational plan to broaden the applications of water mist systems in our country and contribute to the establishment of systematic and stable regulatory frameworks for their future use.
Emerging Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shah Monali , Chipre Sanyukta , Nadig Prasad , Dana Suchit
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) presents a non invasive avenue for treating various infections, including periodontal disease, offering an alternative to mechanical methods like scaling and root planing. Concerns about antibiotic resistance have fueled the exploration of PDT as an antimicrobial therapy. PDT combines low-power lasers with photosensitising drugs to eliminate microorganisms through the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon light activation. Aim: To evaluate the scope of PDT and its role in periodontology. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in major medical databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Wiley. A total of 43 studies from 2007 to 2023 were selected, focusing on PDT for the treatment of periodontal disease. The review included Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and cohort studies involving human subjects, using Photosensitisers (PSs) or Indocyanine Green (ICG) for subgingival irrigation in chronic periodontitis patients after scaling and root planing, with follow-ups extending over one month. The outcomes measured were Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Plaque Index (PI), and Gingival Index (GI). Results: In present review, after thorough analysis, a total of 21 studies were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Wiley. The risk of bias assessment showed high-risk in 1 out of 128 studies (0.59%), low risk in 139 out of 168 studies (82.74%), and unclear risk in 28 out of 168 studies (16.67%). The results indicated significant clinical improvements when PDT was combined with conventional treatments. Conclusion: The PDT in periodontology showcases varied roles, from antimicrobial action to tissue healing and the promotion of periodontal health. Its efficacy as an adjunctive treatment, especially in challenging cases or against resistant microbes, is evident, accentuated by its non invasive nature and minimal adverse effects, making it an appealing option in periodontal care.
Female Athlete Triad: Understanding the Interrelationship between Energy Availability, Menstrual Function, and Bone Health
Authors: Fatima Fatima , Waheed Saba , Hassan Tooba , Asifullah Muhammad Areeb , Samo Nuzhat Hussain , Jalal Saad
Published: October 2024

The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) is a complex medical condition characterized by three interrelated components: low energy availability (EA) with or without disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). This syndrome is particularly prevalent among female athletes who engage in sports that prioritize leanness, endurance, and aesthetic performance, such as gymnastics, dance, and long-distance running. Prolonged exposure to inadequate caloric intake relative to energy expenditure can disrupt hormonal regulation, leading to irregular or absent menstrual cycles (amenorrhea) and compromising bone health.
This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence and impact of low EA on menstrual function and BMD among 180 female athletes aged 18-30 years. Participants were divided into three menstrual status categories: eumenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea. The study also categorized athletes into sports groups (aesthetic, endurance, and power sports) to identify patterns across different disciplines. Data collection included dietary intake records, exercise logs, menstrual history questionnaires, and DEXA scans to measure BMD at the lumbar spine and hip.
Results indicate that 67% of participants exhibited low EA (< 30 kcal/kgFFM/day), which was significantly associated with menstrual dysfunction (p < 0.001). Among participants, 25% reported oligomenorrhea (irregular cycles), and another 25% experienced amenorrhea (absence of menstruation for more than three months). BMD analysis revealed that 30% of the athletes had osteopenia, while 5% were diagnosed with osteoporosis, highlighting the long-term risks associated with chronic low EA and menstrual irregularities. Notably, athletes engaged in aesthetic sports had the highest prevalence of low EA (80%) and menstrual dysfunction (45%), followed closely by those in endurance sports.
These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to promote energy balance, safeguard reproductive health, and prevent bone deterioration among female athletes. Educational programs focusing on nutritional counseling, regular monitoring of menstrual health, and multidisciplinary care involving coaches, sports dietitians, and healthcare providers are essential to mitigate the risks of the Female Athlete Triad. Future research should further explore psychological factors influencing energy availability, including body image concerns and disordered eating patterns, to develop comprehensive prevention strategies.
Study on Weight Gain Efforts through Indigenous Technical Knowledge
Authors: Rana G K , Baghel S S , Singh N K , Deshmukh K K , Thakur R S , Soni K
Published: October 2024

Introduction: In India, under-five child malnutrition is a serious public health issue. This is demonstrated by the fact that India has one of the highest rates of underweight children worldwide.
Aims: The study was carried out to assess the spatial distribution of nutritional status of children of 1-5 years through weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height data collected by the KVK. Preschoolers' dietary health was regressed on several sociodemographic factors after eliminating the effect of age. The information reveals that children's nutritional condition varies geographically and by gender in India.
Methodology: A study was conducted in district Seoni of Madhya Pradesh to eliminate malnutrition via using indigenous technical knowledge (ITK). The trials were conducted in three following years viz 2020 to 2023. Primarily the training was conducted of mothers along with Anganwadi workers regarding the addition of sweet rice to kids from 1-5 years age group. 
Results: There was twice-daily portions of sweet rice, was prepared by using Jaggery by adding water, desi ghee, and roasted rice dry fruits added to it and then it cooked for 15-30 min and given for 45 days.  The average body weight gain after evaluation and personal conversations of mothers was recorded as 9.91 kg and the proportion change against farmers practice was 13.48.
Conclusion: The study concluded that rice prevalent areas and rice-based food habits for mothers and children should be adopted the sweet rice (ITK) the recommended practice against farmers’ practice.
Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Biology: A Case Study in Samtse Dzongkhag
Authors: Subba Santa Bir , Dorji Kinzang
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of the use of Computer Assisted Instruction as an innovative instructional approach in enhancing students’ achievement in Biology. Study was conducted at two Bhutanese secondary level schools under Samtse district in southwest Bhutan. Sample size consisted of a total of 120 students and four Biology teachers. The study employed mixed methods since this method is particularly useful in understanding any contradictions between quantitative and qualitative findings. Quantitative data was collected based on test-retest approach (quasi-experiment) to establish a cause-and-effect of the interventions while qualitative data was collected based on semi-structured interview for both biology teachers and students. 
The simulation and animation were used as a mean of intervention for biological concepts teaching for the experimental group while the traditional method was applied for teaching the control group. Findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially.
Study revealed that Computer Assisted Instruction has positive impacts on students’ performance, evidenced by the findings that the students who were exposed to Computer Assisted Instruction (Experimental Group) have significantly outperformed the students who were taught using the Traditional teaching method (Control Group). The findings on gender difference revealed no significant difference in terms of academic performance in CAI. Further, both the teachers and students showed positive perceptions towards the use of CAI in teaching Biology.  Therefore, the findings of this study would encourage Biology teachers to use CAI to enhance students’ achievement.
Interest Rate Risk Modelling Using Semi-Heavy Tail Distributions of Normal Variance-Mean Mixtures: A Study on Central Bank of Kenya Interest Rates
Authors: Oduor Owino Kevin , Anyango Cynthia
Published: October 2024

Derivative prices such as options and bond prices as well as swaps depend on the distributional assumptions of the underlying economic variables, normally, interest rates. The risk associated with changes in interest rates may worsen the value of the contract that depend on it since the values of these assets (derivative contracts) are affected directly by the fluctuations in interest rates. The distribution of interest rates, therefore, needs to be well understood to reduce the risks of losses associated with it. The Binomial Option pricing model assumes that interest rates are constant throughout the life of the option. Another common assumption of the underlying economic variables is that their returns are normally distributed with constant volatility. These assumptions have been used in pricing derivatives and currencies and has led to over-pricing and in some cases under-pricing. The models of the Normal Variance-Mean Mixtures used in this research shows better performance than the normal distribution. Weekly 91-day and commercial bank interest rates are used from 1991 to 2021. This study will provide a better model for interest rates to avoid mispricing. We find that the 91-day Treasury Bills interest rates follow a Generalized Hyperbolic distribution while the Commercial Bank interest rates follows a Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution. G.A.R.C.H model is then used in forecasting under each of the above findings. A 99pc Value at Risk is then computed for the two models and calculates the minimum expected returns in the subsequent months. This research forms a foundation for the development of advanced pricing models that incorporates the fluctuations of interest rate in the pricing industry. We conclude that the Normal Inverse Gaussian and Generalized hyperbolic distributions provide better fits than the assumed normal distribution.
Comparative Evaluation of Calcium Sources and their Mode of Use on Apple Production in Acidic Soil under High Density Plantation System
Authors: Mir Lareb , Nazir Shaista , Itoo Hamidullah , Dhekale Bhagyashree , Shahnaz Efath , Dar Shahnawaz Rasool
Published: October 2024

Apples grown in Kashmir province are extremely prone to deterioration, particularly in post-harvest storage. Calcium is amongst the vital mineral element deceiving apple fruit quality, predominantly in acid soils deficit in available calcium. Calcium in sufficient quantity helps to retain apple fruit firmness and reduces the occurrence of physiological disorders, it also plays essential role to improve yield and quality of produce. Modes of calcium application and its different doses on two apple varieties was tested to improve yield and quality at Ambri Apple Research Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India. The direct application of calcium to apple as spray is most effective method for escalating fruit calcium content and quality. Among sources and their mode of application calcium nitrate foliar application performed better than foliar application of calcium chloride in improving fruit quality and yield of Golden Delicious than Red Chief Camspur, whereas soil application of calcium nitrate showed least response to improve fruit quality and yield in both varieties under acidic soil atmosphere. Physiological loss in weight at 30 days and 60 days after harvesting was lower in foliar applied calcium than soil calcium application. The significant variation in total sugar content and TSS of apple fruits were observed in different calcium sources and their mode of application. Calcium nitrate foliar spray performed better than calcium chloride foliar spray in improving fruit quality. Our study did not find any adversity of dosage in plants whether applied to soil or directly to plant and we did observe better yields and quality at higher calcium doses. Among varieties Golden Delicious performed better than Red Chief Camspur. Results of research evidenced that preharvest calcium sprays increase yield, improved fruit quality and reduced its deterioration in post-harvest storage.
Development of Dietetic Misti Dahi (Indian Yoghurt) Using Natural and Artificial Sweeteners
Authors: Bania Priyanka , Borpuzari Trishna , Borpuzari Rajendra Nath , Saikia Rashmi Rekha
Published: October 2024

Dairy based sweetmeats usually contain high sugar with a high calorific value which in turn is linked to various non-communicable diseases. To reduce this high calorie content, sugar can be replaced in part or wholly by non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, as well as natural sweetener like honey. In the present study natural and artificial sweetener sources (honey and sucralose, respectively) were used to replace sucrose in part or completely to develop low calorie fat reduced misti dahi, an Indian yoghurt. Effect of sweeteners on setting time, proximate composition, microbiological quality and calorific value of mistidahi, and sensory quality were analysed as per the standard methods. Protein and total solids (TS) content decreased from 4.22 to 3.96% or 4.39 to 4.23% in honey or sucralose and from 24.20 to 21.99% in honey or 21.57 to 16.70% in sucralose, respectively with increase in honey or sucralose used to replace sucrose in mistidahi, while fat content was variable. Microbiological analysis revealed that with an increase in the content of honey, the total aerobic plate count (TAPC) of mistidahi tended to show an increase, while for sucralose containing samples a decreasing trend in TAPC in mistidahi was noted.
Improving Indoor Air Quality: Using Polymate-777A as a Formaldehyde Scavenger to Decrease Formaldehyde Emission in Plywood Panels
Authors: Sahoo S.C. , Dutta Annesha , Das Chinmoy
Published: October 2024

Indoor air quality is significantly impacted by volatile organic compounds, with formaldehyde being a prominent concern due to its emission from wood composite products. Formaldehyde emissions from wood composite products is a big concern for the environment and people's health. This study focused at how effective a product called Polymate-777A, the additive used as a formaldehyde scavenger is in reducing the formaldehyde emissions from plywood. This study investigates the efficacy of Polymate-777A, a formaldehyde scavenger, in reducing formaldehyde emissions from plywood panels. Through a series of controlled experiments, it was evaluated the impact of varying concentrations of Polymate-777A on formaldehyde release, utilizing standardized testing methods to quantify emissions. Results indicate that the incorporation of Polymate-777A significantly reduces formaldehyde levels, enhancing the safety and environmental sustainability of plywood products. The Results revels that when 1.5% or more Polymate-777A was used as scavenger for plywood manufacturing, the plywood met the emission standards set by Japan and Europe for formaldehyde emissions. This study suggests that using Polymate-777A could be a good way to reduce formaldehyde emissions from wood products, which would be better for the environment and people's health.