bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in 117 myelination-related genes in schizophrenia: Replication of association to lipid biosynthesis genes
Authors: Stokowy Tomasz , Polushina Tatiana , Sønderby Ida E. , Karlsson Robert , Giddaluru Sudheer , Le Hellard Stephanie , Bergen Sarah E. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Andreassen Ole A. , Djurovic Srdjan , Hultman Christina M. , Steen Vidar M.
Published: April 2018

Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder with high heritability. Several common genetic variants, rare copy number variants and ultra-rare gene-disrupting mutations have been linked to disease susceptibility, but there is still a large gap between the estimated and explained heritability. Since several studies have indicated brain myelination abnormalities in schizophrenia, we aimed to examine whether variants in myelination-related genes could be associated with risk for schizophrenia. We established a set of 117 myelination genes by database searches and manual curation. We used a combination of GWAS (SCZ_N = 35,476; CTRL_N = 46,839), exome chip (SCZ_N = 269; CTRL_N = 336) and exome sequencing data (SCZ_N = 2,527; CTRL_N = 2,536) from schizophrenia cases and healthy controls to examine common and rare variants. We found that a subset of lipid-related genes was nominally associated with schizophrenia (p = 0.037), but this signal did not survive multiple testing correction (FWER = 0.16) and was mainly driven by the SREBF1 and SREBF2 genes that have already been linked to schizophrenia. Further analysis demonstrated that the lowest nominal p-values were p = 0.0018 for a single common variant (rs8539) and p = 0.012 for burden of rare variants (LRP1 gene), but none of them survived multiple testing correction. Our findings suggest that variation in myelination-related genes is not a major risk factor for schizophrenia.
Variability and Reproducibility of 3rd-generation dual-source dynamic volume perfusion CT Parameters in Comparison to MR-perfusion Parameters in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Sudarski Sonja , Henzler Thomas , Floss Teresa , Gaa Tanja , Meyer Mathias , Haubenreisser Holger , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Attenberger Ulrike I.
Published: April 2018

To compare in patients with untreated rectal cancer quantitative perfusion parameters calculated from 3rd-generation dual-source dynamic volume perfusion CT (dVPCT) with 3-Tesla-MR-perfusion with regard to data variability and tumour differentiation. In MR-perfusion, plasma flow (PF), plasma volume (PV) and mean transit time (MTT) were assessed in two measurements (M1 and M2) by the same reader. In dVPCT, blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), MTT and permeability (PERM) were assessed respectively. CT dose values were calculated. 20 patients (60 ± 13 years) were analysed. Intra-individual and intra-reader variability of duplicate MR-perfusion measurements was higher compared to duplicate dVPCT measurements. dVPCT-derived BF, BV and PERM could differentiate between tumour and normal rectal wall (significance level for M1 and M2, respectively, regarding BF: p < 0.0001*/0.0001*; BV: p < 0.0001*/0.0001*; MTT: p = 0.93/0.39; PERM: p < 0.0001*/0.0001*), with MR-perfusion this was true for PF and PV (p-values M1/M2 for PF: p = 0.04*/0.01*; PV: p = 0.002*/0.003*; MTT: p = 0.70/0.27*). Mean effective dose of CT-staging incl. dVPCT was 29 ± 6 mSv (20 ± 5 mSv for dVPCT alone). In conclusion, dVPCT has a lower data variability than MR-perfusion while both dVPCT and MR-perfusion could differentiate tumour tissue from normal rectal wall. With 3rd-generation dual-source CT dVPCT could be included in a standard CT-staging without exceeding national dose reference values.
Engineering of III-Nitride Semiconductors on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics
Authors: Mánuel J. M. , Jiménez J. J. , Morales F. M. , Lacroix B. , Santos A. J. , García R. , Blanco E. , Domínguez M. , Ramírez M. , Beltrán A. M. , Alexandrov D. , Tot J. , Dubreuil R. , Videkov V. , Andreev S. , Tzaneva B. , Bartsch H. , Breiling J. , Pezoldt J. , Fischer M. , Müller J.
Published: April 2018

This work presents results in the field of advanced substrate solutions in order to achieve high crystalline quality group-III nitrides based heterostructures for high frequency and power devices or for sensor applications. With that objective, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics has been used, as a non-crystalline substrate. Structures like these have never been developed before, and for economic reasons will represent a groundbreaking material in these fields of Electronic. In this sense, the report presents the characterization through various techniques of three series of specimens where GaN was deposited on this ceramic composite, using different buffer layers, and a singular metal-organic chemical vapor deposition related technique for low temperature deposition. Other single crystalline ceramic-based templates were also utilized as substrate materials, for comparison purposes.
Author Correction: Structural transformation of layered double hydroxides: an in situ TEM analysis
Authors: Hobbs Christopher , Jaskaniec Sonia , McCarthy Eoin K. , Downing Clive , Opelt Konrad , Güth Konrad , Shmeliov Aleksey , Mourad Maurice C. D. , Mandel Karl , Nicolosi Valeria
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.
Orbital-selective spin excitation of a magnetic porphyrin
Authors: Rubio-Verdú Carmen , Sarasola Ane , Choi Deung-Jang , Majzik Zsolt , Ebeling René , Calvo M. Reyes , Ugeda Miguel M. , Garcia-Lekue Aran , Sánchez-Portal Daniel , Pascual Jose Ignacio
Published: April 2018

Scattering of electrons by localized spins is the ultimate process enabling detection and control of the magnetic state of a spin-doped material. At the molecular scale, scattering is mediated by the orbitals hosting the spin. Here we report the selective excitation of a molecular spin by tunneling through different molecular orbitals. Spatially resolved tunneling spectra on iron-porphyrins reveal that the inelastic spin excitation extends beyond the iron site, changing shape and symmetry along the molecule. Combining density functional theory simulations with a phenomenological scattering model, we show that the extension and lineshape of the inelastic signal are due to excitation pathways assisted by different frontier orbitals. By selecting the intramolecular site for electron injection, the relative weight of iron and pyrrole orbitals in the tunneling process is modified. Thus, the excitation mechanism, reflected by its spectral lineshape, depends on the degree of localization and energy alignment of the chosen molecular orbital.
Spin transport in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Authors: Garcia Jose H. , Vila Marc , Cummings Aron W. , Roche Stephan
Published: April 2018

This review summarizes the theoretical and experimental studies of spin transport in graphene interfaced with transition metal dichalcogenides, and assesses its potential for future spintronic applications.
Critical review of the molecular design progress in non-fullerene electron acceptors towards commercially viable organic solar cells
Authors: Wadsworth Andrew , Moser Maximilian , Marks Adam , Little Mark S. , Gasparini Nicola , Brabec Christoph J. , Baran Derya , McCulloch Iain
Published: April 2018

A critical analysis of the molecular design strategies employed in the recent progress of non-fullerene electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics.
Design of a wearable device for real-time screening of urinary tract infection and kidney disease based on smartphone
Authors: Zhou Jianyu , Dong Tao
Published: April 2018

In this study, we developed a novel wearable and low-cost device for qualitative screening of glucose (GLU), leukocytes (LEU), and nitrite (NIT) and for semi-quantitative analysis of blood (BLD) and proteins (PRO) in the urine samples.
From fundamental supramolecular chemistry to self-assembled nanomaterials and medicines and back again – how Sam inspired SAMul
Authors: Smith David K.
Published: April 2018

Personal inspiration led to the development of a programme of research targeting the use of self-assembled systems in nanomedicine, which in the process of approaching a range of applications has uncovered new fundamental concepts in supramolecular science.
Memory effect in tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide semiclathrate hydrate reformation: the existence of solution structures after hydrate decomposition
Authors: Machida Hironobu , Sugahara Takeshi , Hirasawa Izumi
Published: April 2018

The memory effect in TBAB semiclathrate hydrate reformation results from the residual solution structure composed of clusters and cluster aggregates.
“Doubly enantiophobic” behavior during crystallization of racemic 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one thioether
Authors: Lodochnikova Olga A. , Zaripova Aigul R. , Fayzullin Robert R. , Samigullina Aida I. , Vandyukova Irina I. , Potapova Lubov N. , Kurbangalieva Almira R.
Published: April 2018

One racemate forms two conglomerates and no racemic compound.
Single crystal-to-single crystal transformations induced by ammonia–water equilibrium changes
Authors: Daszkiewicz Marek , Puszyńska-Tuszkanow Mariola , Staszak Zbigniew , Chojnacka Ida , Fałtynowicz Hanna , Cieślak-Golonka Maria
Published: April 2018

Reversible single crystal-to-single crystal transformations were observed for the Ni(ii) complex with 5-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin.
Morphology/dimensionality induced tunable upconversion luminescence of BiOCl:Yb3+/Er3+ nano/microcrystals: intense single-band red emission and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Li Yongjin , Song Zhiguo , Yao Lu , Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli
Published: April 2018

Different morphologies of BiOCl:Yb3+/Er3+ nano/microcrystals have been synthesized via solvothermal method, and the dependence of UC luminescence performance on morphology/dimension have been explored.
Effects of acceptor doping on a metalorganic switch: DFTvs.model analysis
Authors: Ślusarski Tomasz , Kostyrko Tomasz , García-Suárez V. M.
Published: April 2018

A model of a molecular switch based on a metalorganic molecule with valence tautomeric properties, controlled with acceptor doping, shows spin-filtering, NDR effects and a voltage induced multistable transport behavior.
Theoretical investigation of the strengthening mechanism and precipitation evolution in high strength Al–Zn–Mg alloys
Authors: Xiao W. , Wang J. W. , Sun L. , Li X. W. , Li Z. H. , Wang L. G.
Published: April 2018

Density-functional theory calculations have been performed to systematically investigate the behaviors of solute atoms in 7000 series Al–Zn–Mg based alloys.
A new surfactant–copper(ii) complex based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane amphiphile. Crystal structure determination, self-assembly and functional activity
Authors: Zhiltsova Elena P. , Pashirova Tatiana N. , Ibatullina Marina R. , Lukashenko Svetlana S. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Islamov Daut R. , Kataeva Olga N. , Kutyreva Marianna P. , Zakharova Lucia Y.
Published: April 2018

A new complex [Cu(L)Br3] (where LBr is 1-cetyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide) has been synthesized and characterized.
Controlling the charge state of supported nanoparticles in catalysis: lessons from model systems
Authors: Pacchioni Gianfranco , Freund Hans-Joachim
Published: April 2018

Model systems are very important to identify the working principles of real catalysts, and to develop concepts that can be used in the design of new catalytic materials.
An investigation of the roles furan versus thiophene π-bridges play in donor–π-acceptor porphyrin based DSSCs
Authors: Cariello Michele , Abdalhadi Saifaldeen M. , Yadav Pankaj , Decoppet Jean-David , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Cooke Graeme
Published: April 2018

We show that furan, rather than thiophene, gives rise to higher power conversion efficiencies for this class of porphyrin derivative.
A temperature sensor based on the enhanced upconversion luminescence of Li+ doped NaLuF4:Yb3+,Tm3+/Er3+ nano/microcrystals
Authors: Qiang Qinping , Du Shanshan , Ma Xinlong , Chen Wenbo , Zhang Gangyi , Wang Yuhua
Published: April 2018

In this paper, fluorescent and optical temperature sensing bi-functional Li+-doping NaLuF4:Ln (Ln = Yb3+,Tm3+/Er3+) nanocrystals were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method using oleic acid as a capping ligand.
A novel efficient g-C3N4@BiOI p–n heterojunction photocatalyst constructed through the assembly of g-C3N4 nanoparticles
Authors: You Zengyu , Wu Chenyan , Shen Qianhong , Yu Yang , Chen Hao , Su Yuxuan , Wang Hui , Wu Chunchun , Zhang Fang , Yang Hui
Published: April 2018

A novel g-C3N4@BiOI p–n surficial dispersive heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by simply loading g-C3N4 nanoparticles on flower-like BiOI nanosheets.
Accelerated decarbonylation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in compressed carbon dioxide: a facile approach
Authors: Chatterjee Maya , Ishizaka Takayuki , Kawanami Hajime
Published: April 2018

The high efficiency of compressed CO2in combination with a metal catalyst was successfully demonstrated in the decarbonylation of HMF.
Facile, highly efficient and environmentally friendly transesterification mediated by platinum dioxide and nickel oxide under essentially neutral conditions
Authors: Teng Binhao , Shi Jiangong , Yao Chunsuo
Published: April 2018

A practical, highly efficient and eco-friendly transesterification reaction under essentially neutral conditions was achieved using PtO2 or PtO2/NiO as the catalyst.
Quantitative elemental analysis of polymers through laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma by using a dried droplet calibration approach, DDCA
Authors: Villaseñor Ángela , Boccongelli Marina , Todolí José Luis
Published: April 2018

Elemental analysis of polymers is accurately performed through Laser Ablation-ICP techniques according to the Dried Droplet Calibration Approach (DDCA).
Bio-MCM-41: a high-performance catalyst support derived from pyrolytic biochar
Authors: Liu Yingying , Zhu Lingjun , Wang Shurong , Fukuda Suneerat
Published: April 2018

Bio-MCM-41 was produced from pyrolytic rice husk char in a sequential stepwise method and then used to prepare Cu/Bio-MCM-41 catalyst with good performance.
Structure, sensing and photocatalytic properties of two multifunctional 3D luminescent coordination polymers based on an N-heterocyclic carboxylic acid
Authors: Zong Ziao , Bi Caifeng , Zhu Zheng , Fan Chuanbin , Meng Xiangmin , Zhang Xia , Fan Yuhua
Published: April 2018

Two novel luminescent coordination polymers, {[Zn(tmlb)(H2tmlb)]·H2O}n (1) and [Zn(tmlb)(bbibp)]n (2) ((bbibp = bis(benzoimidazo-1-ly)biphenyl), H2tmlb = (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methylenebis(benzoic acid)), have been rationally designed and successfully solvothermally synthesized.
Novel compatibilized nylon-based ternary blends with polypropylene and poly(lactic acid): morphology evolution and rheological behaviour
Authors: Codou Amandine , Anstey Andrew , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: April 2018

Excellent sub-micrometric dispersions in ternary blends were reached by blending a semi-polar PLA at low viscosity in PA6/PP formulations.
Synthesis of manganese-based complex as cathode material for aqueous rechargeable batteries
Authors: Qiu Nan , Chen Hong , Yang Zhaoming , Sun Sen , Wang Yuan
Published: April 2018

Manganese-based complex with high energy density shows a capacity retention of 94% over 2000 cycles.
Discovery of the elusive radical NCO and confirmation of H2NCO+ in space
Authors: Marcelino N. , Agúndez M. , Cernicharo J. , Roueff E. , Tafalla M.
Published: April 2018

The isocyanate radical (NCO) is the simplest molecule containing the backbone of the peptide bond, C(=O)–N. This bond has a prebiotic interest since it links two amino acids to form large chains of proteins. It is also present in some organic molecules observed in space such as HNCO, NH2CHO, and CH3NCO. In this letter, we report the first detection in space of NCO towards the dense core L483. We also report the identification of the ion H2NCO+, which definitively confirms its presence in space, and observations of HNCO, HOCN, and HCNO in the same source. For NCO, we derive a column density of 2.2 × 1012 cm−2, which means that it is only ~5 times less abundant than HNCO. We find that H2NCO+, HOCN, and HCNO have abundances relative to HNCO of 1/400, 1/80, and 1/160, respectively. Both NCO and H2NCO+ are involved in the production of HNCO and several of its isomers. We have updated our previous chemical models involving NCO and the production of the CHNO isomers. Taking into account the uncertainties in the model, the observed abundances are reproduced relatively well. Indeed, the detection of NCO and H2NCO+ in L483 supports the chemical pathways to the formation of the detected CHNO isomers. Sensitive observations of NCO in sources in which other molecules containing the C(=O)–N subunit have been detected could help elucidate its role in prebiotic chemistry in space.
Auftreten eines genitalen Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus unter Pembrolizumab-Therapie eines metastasierten malignen Melanoms
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S. , Opitz S. , Eickenscheidt L. , Kowalzick L.
Published: April 2018

Pembrolizumab ist ein monoklonaler Antikörper, der an den PD-1-Rezeptor auf T-Zellen bindet und die Interaktion mit den Liganden PD-L1 und PD-L2 auf Krebszellen hemmt. Pembrolizumab wird für die Behandlung fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankungen, v. a. für das metastasierte maligne Melanom angewendet. Zu den bekannten Nebenwirkungen dieser Therapie gehören neben kutanen Nebenwirkungen Müdigkeit, Dysfunktion der Schilddrüse und Kolitis. Diese sind durch die immunregulatorischen Eigenschaften des Medikaments bedingt. Hier berichten wir über den Fall einer 74-jährigen Patientin mit metastasiertem malignen Melanom, die unter einer Therapie mit Pembrolizumab zwar Stabilität des Tumorleidens zeigte, aber auch einen ausgedehnten Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus der Vulva entwickelte. Dieser Fall ergänzt die Kenntnisse über mögliche kutane Nebenwirkungen einer PD-1-Inhibitor-Therapie.
Kontrolle bei älteren Patienten spart Geld und verbessert die Gesundheit
Authors: Blaich Cornelia
Published: April 2018

Malet-Larrea A et al. Cost analysis and costbenefit analysis of a medication review with follow-up service in aged polypharmacy patients. Eur J Health Econ 2017;
18: 1069–1078

Arzneimittelbezogene Probleme durch Medikationsfehler oder unerwünschte Wirkungen verschlingen Gesundheitsressourcen und sind eine finanzielle Belastung für
das Gesundheitssystem. Vor allem ältere Patienten, die häufig viele Medikamenten einnehmen, sind von arzneimittelbezogenen Problemen und deren negativen
klinischen Auswirkungen betroffen. Eine individuelle Überprüfung der Pharmakotherapie eines Patienten hilft, vermeidbare Medikationsfehler und
Nebenwirkungen zu verhindern.
Zur Qualität der Dialysebehandlung in Deutschland
Authors: Thiem Helena
Published: April 2018

Büchtemann D et al. 10 Jahre Qualitätssicherung Dialyse in Deutschland – Bilanz und Ausblick. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundh wesen 2017; 126: 23–30

Im April 2006 wurde die Qualitätssicherungsrichtlinie Dialyse (QSD-RL) des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses beschlossen. Ziel war die Sicherstellung einer hohen
Behandlungsqualität sowie deren stetige Verbesserung. Adressaten der Richtlinie sind alle Mediziner, die im Rahmen der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung die
Dialyse durchführen. Die Autoren wollen in ihrer Untersuchung nun erstmals die Ergebnisqualität der Behandlungen beurteilen.
Wie sich die Teleradiologie selbst zu Fall bringt – und wie sie wieder auf die Beine kommt
Authors: Golder Werner
Published: April 2018

Das Misstrauen gegenüber der Teleradiologie ist nicht neu. So faszinierend es ist, selbst umfangreiche Datensätze bildgebender Diagnostik jeglicher Modalität
mittels elektronischer Übertragungstechnik in kürzester Zeit an jeden beliebigen Ort zu senden, so bestechend es ist, auf diesem Wege konsiliarisch die Meinung
von Spezialisten und Subspezialisten zu schwierigen Fragen einzuholen, ebenso problematisch kann der Umgang mit dieser Technik in der klinischen Praxis
sein.
Antiprotozoal Diterpenes from Perovskia abrotanoides
Authors: Tabefam Marzieh , Farimani Mahdi , Danton Ombeline , Ramseyer Justine , Kaiser Marcel , Ebrahimi Samad , Salehi Peyman , Batooli Hossien , Potterat Olivier , Hamburger Matthias
Published: April 2018

As part of a screening for new antiparasitic natural products from Iranian plants, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from the aerial parts of Perovskia abrotanoides were found to exhibit strong inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania donovani. The activity was tracked by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based activity profiling. Preparative isolation by a combination of silica gel column chromatography and HPLC afforded 17 diterpenoids (1–17), including 14 abietane-, two icetexane-, and one isopimarane-type derivatives. Among these, (5R,10S)-11-hydroxy-12-methoxy-20-norabieta-8,11,13-triene (2), 12-hydroxy-norabieta-1(10),8,11,13-tetraene-1,11-furan (6), and 12-methoxybarbatusol (9) were new compounds, the structure of which was established by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism). The antiprotozoal activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against T. b. rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, L. donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. Selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated in comparison to cytotoxicity on rat myoblast (L6) cells. Particularly active were 7α-ethoxyrosmanol (4) with an IC50 of 0.8 µM against T. b. rhodesiense (SI 14.9) and an IC50 of 1.8 µM (SI 6.9) against L. donovani, ferruginol (8) with an IC50 of 2.9 µM (SI 19.2) against P. falciparum, and miltiodiol (10) with an IC50 of 0.5 µM (SI 10.5) against T. b. rhodesiense. None of the compounds exhibited selective toxicity against T. cruzi (SI ≤ 1.6).
The Battle Ground between Two Giants: Toe Transfer and Hand Allotransplantation
Authors: AL Deek Nidal , Wei Fu-Chan
Published: April 2018

A few severe hand injuries represent a gray zone for the reconstructive surgeon, for which autologous tissue transfer and allotransplantation can yield satisfactory results, but not without downsides or morbidity.

This article is written to address the dilemma of application of both techniques in those selected cases.
Bilateral Supratentorial Subdural Hematomas after Craniotomy for Posterior Fossa Tumor Removal
Authors: Solomou Aikaterini , Kraniotis Pantelis , Bonanos George , Constantoyannis Constantine
Published: April 2018

A 69-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with headache and dizziness. He was submitted to brain computed tomography (CT) which showed a tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere, findings which were subsequently confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He underwent a paramedian suboccipital craniotomy for removal of the mass. Histology confirmed the presence of a hemangiopericytoma. The patient was discharged 5 days postoperatively with improvement in his symptoms. Fifteen days later, he presented with gait difficulties. Clinical examination revealed positive Mingazzini sign on his left side. He was submitted to brain MRI which revealed bilateral subdural hematomas on late subacute stage with mass effect and midline shift caused by the largest on the right. The patient underwent burr hole evacuation of the right subdural hematoma. The postoperative CT showed evacuation of the right chronic subdural hematoma. Two days postoperatively, the patient's symptoms improved.
Knochenentnahme am Becken aus Sicht der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Authors: Lautner Nora , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: April 2018

Autologer Knochen bietet durch seine positiven Eigenschaften wie Osteoinduktion, -konduktion und -genese unter Vermeidung immunologischer Risiken die idealen Voraussetzungen zur erfolgreichen Augmentation oder Rekonstruktion im mund-, kiefer- und gesichtschirurgischen Bereich. Der anteriore Beckenkamm stellt aufgrund seiner vielen Vorteile wie gute Verfügbarkeit, ausreichendes Knochenangebot und mannigfaltiger Auswahl an Knochenqualitäten (kortikal, kortikospongiös, spongiös) sowie der geringen Entnahmemorbidität den „Goldstandard“ dar. Die Entnahme aus dem posterioren Beckenkamm bietet die Möglichkeit, bei ausgeprägtem Augmentationsbedarf größere Mengen freien Knochens zu transplantieren. Diese geht jedoch gleichzeitig mit dem Nachteil der Patientenumpositionierung und dem damit verbundenen erhöhten intraoperativen Zeitaufwand einher. Durch die Verwendung eines mikrochirurgischen Beckenkammtransplantats können große, bis zur Unterkiefermitte reichende Knochenanteile des Unterkiefers rekonstruiert werden. Im späteren Verlauf ermöglicht der Einsatz enossaler Implantate eine erfolgreiche mastikatorische Rehabilitation. Die Art und Qualität jedes einzelnen Knochentransplantats – unabhängig davon, ob frei oder mikrovaskulär – sollte immer sorgfältig geprüft und entsprechend dem Bedarf eines jeden Patienten individuell ausgewählt sowie sorgsam durchgeführt werden.
Spätfolgen – Beckenchirurgie
Authors: Keel Marius Johann Baptist , Bastian Johannes Dominik
Published: April 2018

Nonunions and Malunions des Beckens werden nach inadäquater Reposition und Fixation des vorderen und hinteren Beckenrings beobachtet. Klinisch zeigen sich Schmerzen, Beschwerden beim Gehen oder Sitzen, Beinlängenunterschiede oder Probleme beim Wasserlösen und Sexualverkehr. In über 30% treten Beckendeformitäten auf, die sowohl klinisch als auch radiologisch imponieren. Für die präoperative Planung sollten eine Beckenübersicht, eine Inlet- und Outlet-Untersuchung wie auch eine Computertomografie mit 3-D-Rekonstruktionen durchgeführt werden. Nonunions werden mit einem 2-stufigen Konzept operativ revidiert. Sowohl am vorderen als auch am hinteren Beckenring wird die Pseudarthrose debridiert, Knochen angelagert und eine stabile innere Fixation durchgeführt. Bei partiell oder nicht geheilten Beckendeformitäten oder eigentlichen Malunions (verheilte Beckenfehlstellungen) des Beckenrings erfolgt eine 3-stufige Versorgung mit Mobilisierung der Symphyse oder Osteotomien der oberen und unteren Schambeinäste, gefolgt von der Mobilisierung des Iliosakralgelenkes oder Osteotomie des Sakrums mit offener Reposition und innerer Fixation. Im 3. Schritt wird der vordere Beckenring fixiert. In über 80% tritt nach dieser anspruchsvollen Chirurgie eine Heilung ein. Neurologische Defizite oder thromboembolische Komplikationen sind am häufigsten und werden in je 5% beobachtet.
Spectral calibration of EBT3 and HD-V2 radiochromic film response at high dose using 20 MeV proton beams
Authors: Feng Yiwei , Tiedje Henry F. , Gagnon Katherine , Fedosejevs Robert
Published: April 2018

Radiochromic film is used extensively in many medical, industrial, and scientific applications. In particular, the film is used in analysis of proton generation and in high intensity laser-plasma experiments where very high dose levels can be obtained. The present study reports calibration of the dose response of Gafchromic EBT3 and HD-V2 radiochromic films up to high exposure densities. A 2D scanning confocal densitometer system is employed to carry out accurate optical density measurements up to optical density 5 on the exposed films at the peak spectral absorption wavelengths. Various wavelengths from 400 to 740 nm are also scanned to extend the practical dose range of such films by measuring the response at wavelengths removed from the peak response wavelengths. Calibration curves for the optical density versus exposure dose are determined and can be used for quantitative evaluation of measured doses based on the measured optical densities. It was found that blue and UV wavelengths allowed the largest dynamic range though at some trade-off with overall accuracy.
The Gisin-Percival stochastic Schrödinger equation from standard quantum filtering theory
Authors: Gough John E.
Published: April 2018

We show that the quantum state diffusion equation of Gisin and Percival, driven by complex Wiener noise, is equivalent up to a global stochastic phase to quantum trajectory models. With an appropriate feedback scheme, we set up an analog continuous measurement model which exactly simulates the Gisin-Percival quantum state diffusion.
Kinetic energy definition in velocity Verlet integration for accurate pressure evaluation
Authors: Jung Jaewoon , Kobayashi Chigusa , Sugita Yuji
Published: April 2018

In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a proper definition of kinetic energy is essential for controlling pressure as well as temperature in the isothermal-isobaric condition. The virial theorem provides an equation that connects the average kinetic energy with the product of particle coordinate and force. In this paper, we show that the theorem is satisfied in MD simulations with a larger time step and holonomic constraints of bonds, only when a proper definition of kinetic energy is used. We provide a novel definition of kinetic energy, which is calculated from velocities at the half-time steps (t − Δt/2 and t + Δt/2) in the velocity Verlet integration method. MD simulations of a 1,2-dispalmitoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer and a water box using the kinetic energy definition could reproduce the physical properties in the isothermal-isobaric condition properly. We also develop a multiple time step (MTS) integration scheme with the kinetic energy definition. MD simulations with the MTS integration for the DPPC and water box systems provided the same quantities as the velocity Verlet integration method, even when the thermostat and barostat are updated less frequently.
Porous microspheres support mesenchymal progenitor cell ingrowth and stimulate angiogenesis
Authors: Paterson Thomas E. , Gigliobianco Giulia , Sherborne Colin , Green Nicola H. , Dugan James M. , MacNeil Sheila , Reilly Gwendolen C. , Claeyssens Frederik
Published: April 2018

Porous microspheres have the potential for use as injectable bone fillers to obviate the need for open surgery. Successful bone fillers must be able to support vascularisation since tissue engineering scaffolds often cease functioning soon after implantation due to a failure to vascularise rapidly. Here, we test the angiogenic potential of a tissue engineered bone filler based on a photocurable acrylate-based high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). Highly porous microspheres were fabricated via two processes, which were compared. One was taken forward and investigated for its ability to support human mesenchymal progenitor cells and angiogenesis in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Porous microspheres with either a narrow or broad size distribution were prepared via a T-junction microfluidic device or by a controlled stirred-tank reactor of the HIPE water in oil in water (w/o/w), respectively. Culture of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells showed proliferation over 11 days and formation of cell-microsphere aggregates. In-vitro, hES-MP cells were found to migrate into microspheres through their surface pores over time. The presence of osteoblasts, differentiated from the hES-MP cells, was evidenced through the presence of collagen and calcium after 30 days. Microspheres pre-cultured with cells were implanted into CAM for 7 days and compared with control microspheres without pre-cultured cells. The hES-MP seeded microspheres supported greater angiogenesis, as measured by the number of blood vessels and bifurcations, while the empty scaffolds attracted host chick cell ingrowth. This investigation shows that controlled fabrication of porous microspheres has the potential to create an angiogenic, bone filling material for use as a cell delivery vehicle.
Nucleation sites of Ge nanoislands grown on pit-patterned Si substrate prepared by electron-beam lithography
Authors: Smagina Zh. V. , Zinovyev V. A. , Rudin S. A. , Novikov P. L. , Rodyakina E. E. , Dvurechenskii A. V.
Published: April 2018

Regular pit-patterned Si(001) substrates were prepared by electron-beam lithography followed by plasma chemical etching. The geometry of the pits was controlled by varying the etching conditions and the electron-beam exposure duration. It was shown that the location of three-dimensional (3D) Ge nanoislands subsequently grown on the pit-patterned Si substrates depends on the shape of the pit bottom. In the case of pits having a sharp bottom, 3D Ge islands nucleate inside the pits. For pits with a wide flat bottom, the 3D Ge island nucleation takes place at the pit periphery. This effect is attributed to the strain relaxation depending not only on the initial pit shape, but also on its evolution during the Ge wetting layer deposition. It was shown by Monte Carlo simulations that in the case of a pit with a pointed bottom, the relaxation is most effective inside the pit, while for a pit with a wide bottom, the most relaxed area migrates during Ge deposition from the pit bottom to its edges, where 3D Ge islands nucleate.
Making graphene luminescent by adsorption of an amphiphilic europium complex
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Yoshihara Koushi , Kondo Kazuki , Ogata Shuhei , Watanabe Takeshi , Ishii Ayumi , Hasegawa Miki , Koh Shinji
Published: April 2018

We fabricated luminescent chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer graphene sheets with an adsorbed europium complex, EuLC18, and characterized their luminescence properties. The EuLC18/graphene sheets clearly showed several photoluminescence peaks in a wavelength region from 580 to 694 nm, which were attributed to the ff transitions of the Eu ion. Luminescence was obtained via a photo-antenna effect, in which the ligands of EuLC18 absorbed the photo-excitation energy and transported it to the Eu excitation. Although the absolute luminescence quantum yield of the EuLC18/graphene sheet was as low as 0.5% due to the interaction between graphene and EuLC18, we demonstrated that graphene sheets can be made luminescent simply through adsorption of the luminescent Eu complex on the graphene surface.
Three-dimensional modeling of the neutron spectrum to infer plasma conditions in cryogenic inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Weilacher F. , Radha P. B. , Forrest C.
Published: April 2018

Neutron-based diagnostics are typically used to infer compressed core conditions such as areal density and ion temperature in deuterium–tritium (D–T) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. Asymmetries in the observed neutron-related quantities are important to understanding failure modes in these implosions. Neutrons from fusion reactions and their subsequent interactions including elastic scattering and neutron-induced deuteron breakup reactions are tracked to create spectra. It is shown that background subtraction is important for inferring areal density from backscattered neutrons and is less important for the forward-scattered neutrons. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of a cryogenic implosion on the OMEGA Laser System [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] using the hydrodynamic code HYDRA [Marinak et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 2275 (2001)] is post-processed using the tracking code IRIS3D. It is shown that different parts of the neutron spectrum from the view can be mapped into different regions of the implosion, enabling an inference of an areal-density map. It is also shown that the average areal-density and an areal-density map of the compressed target can be reconstructed with a finite number of detectors placed around the target chamber. Ion temperatures are inferred from the width of the D–D and D–T fusion neutron spectra. Backgrounds can significantly alter the inferred ion temperatures from the D–D reaction, whereas they insignificantly influence the inferred D–T ion temperatures for the areal densities typical of OMEGA implosions. Asymmetries resulting in fluid flow in the core are shown to influence the absolute inferred ion temperatures from both reactions, although relative inferred values continue to reflect the underlying asymmetry pattern. The work presented here is part of the wide range of the first set of studies performed with IRIS3D. This code will continue to be used for post-processing detailed hydrodynamic simulations and interpreting observed neutron spectra in ICF implosions.
Dispersion relation and electron acceleration in the combined circular and elliptical metallic-dielectric waveguide filled by plasma
Authors: Abdoli-Arani A. , Montazeri M. M.
Published: April 2018

Two special types of metallic waveguide having dielectric cladding and plasma core including the combined circular and elliptical structure are studied. Longitudinal and transverse field components in the different regions are obtained. Applying the boundary conditions, dispersion relations of the electromagnetic waves in the structures are obtained and then plotted. The acceleration of an injected external relativistic electron in the considered waveguides is studied. The obtained differential equations related to electron motion are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Numerical computations are made, and the results are graphically presented.
On the role and value of β in incompressible MHD simulations
Authors: Chahine Robert , Bos Wouter J. T.
Published: April 2018

The parameter β, defined as the ratio of the pressure to the square of the magnetic field, is widely used to characterize astrophysical and fusion plasmas. However, in the dynamics of a plasma flow, it is the pressure gradient which is important rather than the value of the pressure itself. It is shown that if one is interested in the influence of the pressure gradient on the dynamics of a plasma, it is not the quantity β which should be considered, but a similar quantity depending on the pressure gradient. The scaling of this newly defined quantity is investigated using incompressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations in a periodic cylinder in the Reversed Field Pinch flow regime.
Disorder-induced f-electron localization in Nb and Y co-doped CeO2
Authors: Charoonsuk T. , Vittayakorn N. , Kolodiazhnyi T.
Published: April 2018

We report the effect of the charge compensation on the electronic transport and optical properties of CeO2 co-doped with donor, Nb, and acceptor, Y, ions. As expected, the concentration of Ce3+ decreases with an increase in the Y content in Ce0.992−xNb0.008YxO2, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.008. More importantly, random electric fields generated by the Y ions bring additional disorder into the system. As a result, the high-temperature activation energy of conductivity increases significantly from 189 to 430 meV. A similar energy shift in the optical absorption peak centered at 1.3–1.5 eV is attributed to an increase in the energy gap separating the localized f-electrons from the empty Ce 4f band. The results underline the paramount importance of the disorder-induced Anderson localization of the f-electrons in ceria.
The Cauchy problem for space-time monopole equations in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Huh Hyungjin , Yim Jihyun
Published: April 2018

We consider the initial value problem of space-time monopole equations in one space dimension with initial data in Sobolev space Hs. Observing null structures of the system, we prove local well-posedness in almost critical space. Unconditional uniqueness and global existence are proved for s ≥ 0. Moreover, we show that the H1 Sobolev norm grows at a rate of at most c exp(ct2).
Highly improved passivation of c-Si surfaces using a gradient i a-Si:H layer
Authors: Lee Soonil , Ahn Jaehyun , Mathew Leo , Rao Rajesh , Zhang Zhongjian , Kim Jae Hyun , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Yu Edward T.
Published: April 2018

Surface passivation using intrinsic a-Si:H (i a-Si:H) films plays a key role in high efficiency c-Si heterojunction solar cells. In this study, we demonstrate improved passivation quality using i a-Si:H films with a gradient-layered structure consisting of interfacial, transition, and capping layers deposited on c-Si surfaces. The H2 dilution ratio (R) during deposition was optimized individually for the interfacial and capping layers, which were separated by a transition layer for which R changed gradually between its values for the interfacial and capping layers. This approach yielded a significant reduction in surface carrier recombination, resulting in improvement of the minority carrier lifetime from 1480 μs for mono-layered i a-Si:H passivation to 2550 μs for the gradient-layered passivation approach.
Evaluating the dielectric strength of helium-nitrogen gas mixtures by plasma parameter measurements
Authors: Park Chanyeop , Pamidi Sastry , Graber Lukas
Published: April 2018

Plasma diagnostic experiments are used for understanding the dielectric strength of gaseous cooling media. Plasma measurements on helium-nitrogen gas mixtures with varying composition were conducted with a single-tip Langmuir probe. The data from the measurements were used to derive the electron temperature and electron density. The results suggest that the measured electron temperature is suitable for assessing the dielectric strength variation of the gaseous media as a function of gas composition. However, the results also confirmed that the measured electron density is substantially influenced by the effective wall area of the plasma chamber and thus is inappropriate for being used as the indicator of dielectric strength variation.
A thin wideband high-spatial-resolution focusing metasurface for near-field passive millimeter-wave imaging
Authors: Chu Hongjun , Qi Jiaran , Xiao Shanshan , Qiu Jinghui
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we present a flat transmission-type focusing metasurface for the near-field passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging systems. Considering the non-uniform wavefront of the actual feeding horn, the metasurface is configured by unit cells consisting of coaxial annular apertures and is optimized to achieve broadband, high spatial resolution, and polarization insensitive properties important for PMMW imaging applications in the frequency range from 33 GHz to 37 GHz, with the focal spot as small as 0.43λ0 (@35 GHz). A prototype of the proposed metasurface is fabricated, and the measurement results fairly agree with the simulation ones. Furthermore, an experimental single-sensor PMMW imaging system is constructed based on the metasurface and a Ka-band direct detection radiometer. The experimental results show that the azimuth resolution of the system can reach approximately 4 mm (≈0.47λ0). It is shown that the proposed metasurface can potentially replace the bulky dielectric-lens or reflector antenna to achieve possibly more compact PMMW imaging systems with high spatial resolution approaching the diffraction-limit.
The flush-mounted rail Langmuir probe array designed for the Alcator C-Mod vertical target plate divertor
Authors: Kuang A. Q. , Brunner D. , LaBombard B. , Leccacorvi R. , Vieira R.
Published: April 2018

An array of flush-mounted and toroidally elongated Langmuir probes (henceforth called rail probes) have been specifically designed for the Alcator C-Mod’s vertical target plate divertor and operated over multiple campaigns. The “flush” geometry enables the tungsten electrodes to survive high heat flux conditions in which traditional “proud” tungsten electrodes suffer damage from melting. The toroidally elongated rail-like geometry reduces the influence of sheath expansion, which is an important effect to consider in the design and interpretation of flush-mounted Langmuir probes. The new rail probes successfully operated during C-Mod’s FY2015 and FY2016 experimental campaigns with no evidence of damage, despite being regularly subjected to heat flux densities parallel to the magnetic field exceeding ∼1 GW m−2 for short periods of time. A comparison between rail and proud probe data indicates that sheath expansion effects were successfully mitigated by the rail design, extending the use of these Langmuir probes to incident magnetic field line angles as low as 0.5°.
Dynamics of focused femtosecond laser pulse during photodisruption of crystalline lens
Authors: Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Singh Ram Kishor , Sharma R. P.
Published: April 2018

Propagation of laser pulses of femtosecond time duration (focused through a focusing lens inside the crystalline lens) has been investigated in this paper. Transverse beam diffraction, group velocity dispersion, graded refractive index structure of the crystalline lens, self-focusing, and photodisruption in which plasma is formed due to the high intensity of laser pulses through multiphoton ionization have been taken into account. The model equations are the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation along with a rate equation that takes care of plasma generation. A close analysis of model equations suggests that the femtosecond laser pulse duration is critical to the breakdown in the lens. Our numerical simulations reveal that the combined effect of self-focusing and multiphoton ionization provides the breakdown threshold. During the focusing of femtosecond laser pulses, additional spatial pulse splitting arises along with temporal splitting. This splitting of laser pulses arises on account of self-focusing, laser induced breakdown, and group velocity distribution, which modifies the shape of laser pulses. The importance of the present study in cavitation bubble generation to improve the elasticity of the eye lens has also been discussed in this paper.
Supersonic flows past an obstacle in Yukawa liquids
Authors: Charan Harish , Ganesh Rajaraman
Published: April 2018

Shock formation, when a supersonic flow passes a stationary obstacle, is ubiquitous in nature. Considering particles mediating via a Yukawa-type interaction as a prototype for a strongly coupled complex plasma, characterized by coupling strength (Γ, ratio of the average potential to kinetic energy per particle) and screening parameter (κ, ratio of the mean inter-particle distance to the shielding length), we address the fundamental problem of supersonic fluid flow U0, past a stationary obstacle immersed in this strongly coupled system. We here report the results on the bow shocks formed in Yukawa liquids when the liquid flows at speeds larger than the speed of sound in the system. Depending on the values of Mach number MCL=U0CL, where CL is the longitudinal speed of sound in the system, the bow shocks are found to be either traveling or localized. We find that for the transonic flows (0.8 ≲MCL≲ 1.2), the bow shocks travel in the upstream direction opposite to the incoming fluid. The phase velocity of the traveling bow shocks is found to be a non-monotonous function of κ, varying as ∝1/k1.11 at a fixed value of Γ, and is found to be independent of Γ at a fixed value of κ. It is observed that for the flow values with MCL>1.5, the shock waves do not travel in the upstream direction but instead form a stationary arc like structure around the obstacle. For the fluid flows with 1≲MCL≲2.6, secondary bow shocks are seen to emerge behind the stationary obstacle which travel in the downstream direction, and the phase velocity of these secondary bow shocks is found to be equal to that of the primary bow shocks.
A general range-separated double-hybrid density-functional theory
Authors: Kalai Cairedine , Toulouse Julien
Published: April 2018

A range-separated double-hybrid (RSDH) scheme which generalizes the usual range-separated hybrids and double hybrids is developed. This scheme consistently uses a two-parameter Coulomb-attenuating-method (CAM)-like decomposition of the electron-electron interaction for both exchange and correlation in order to combine Hartree-Fock exchange and second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) correlation with a density functional. The RSDH scheme relies on an exact theory which is presented in some detail. Several semi-local approximations are developed for the short-range exchange-correlation density functional involved in this scheme. After finding optimal values for the two parameters of the CAM-like decomposition, the RSDH scheme is shown to have a relatively small basis dependence and to provide atomization energies, reaction barrier heights, and weak intermolecular interactions globally more accurate or comparable to range-separated MP2 or standard MP2. The RSDH scheme represents a new family of double hybrids with minimal empiricism which could be useful for general chemical applications.