bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of Feeding Behavior and Its Disorders
Authors: Nishijo Hisao , Ono Taketoshi
Published: June 2020

There are two forms of feeding behavior. The hypothalamus and the lower brainstem monitor the internal environment of the body and are involved in the control of feeding behavior to maintain energy balance and homeostasis (homeostasis-dependent feeding behavior). On the other hand, humans and animals, when placed in an environment similar to modern society (e.g., cafeterias), where organisms can easily ingest highly preferred foods, consume more than necessary (homeostasis-independent feeding behavior). The emotion/reward system, including the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, is involved in this type of feeding behavior. These two control systems interact in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), where feeding behavior is controlled by systems with higher activity. In modern society, there is abundant information on food, and high-calorie foods such as snacks are readily available. Thus, in modern society, the homeostasis-independent control system easily surpasses the homeostasis-dependent control system, which results in obesity. Various feeding and eating disorders might be ascribed to dysregulations in the two control systems. In the future, more effective treatments for feeding and eating disorders can be developed by elucidating the mechanisms of these two control systems.
Linternas en la noche: Una primera aproximación a las metodologías de acompañamiento intensivo para proyectos culturales
Authors: Ramos de León Roberto
Published: June 2020

El artículo trata de explicar cómo la necesidad de incorporar y/o sostener estrategias de acompañamiento profesional a proyectos culturales constituye una de las vías más plausibles para el acceso al mercado laboral. Se aborda un marco teórico y metodológico basado en publicaciones especializadas, así como en la propia experiencia del Centro de documentación Cultura y Empleo, Infoculture, promovido por la Asociación Multilateral y que, en la ciudad de Huesca (España), ha venido avanzando en este tipo de procesos que, actualmente, se están extendiendo en diferentes instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas.
Una comparativa dels conceptes ‘Espanya’ i ‘Catalunya’ a inicis del segle XVIII
Authors: Palomo Reina Cristian
Published: June 2020

Resum: En aquest article realitzarem una anàlisi quantitativa, semàntica i comparativa dels conceptes ‘Espanya’ i ‘Catalunya’ en les seves formes terminològiques singulars i plurals pròpies dels idiomes català, castellà i llatí, contingudes en els dietaris institucionals del Consell de Cent de Barcelona i de la Diputació del General de Catalunya. La cronologia  analitzada serà l’albada del segle XVIII, període convuls en què es produí la mort del monarca hispànic Carles II d’Àustria (1700), l’entronització dels Borbó (1701) i la consegüent guerra de successió per la Monarquia d’Espanya (1702-1715) que es batallà al Principat de Catalunya entre 1704 i 1714. Els resultats de l’estudi ofereixen noves perspectives sobre alguns aspectes del debat historiogràfic desfermat per la celebració del Tricentenari del 1714, i que gira al voltant de com era la identitat col·lectiva dels catalans a inicis del segle XVIII.Paraules clau: Història conceptual, Espanya, Catalunya, Barcelona, Guerra de Successió espanyola.Abstract: In this article we will carry out a quantitative, semantic and comparative analysis of the concepts ‘Spain’ and ‘Catalonia’ in its singular and plural forms of the Catalan, Spanish and Latin languages, contained in the institutional diaries of the Consell de Cent of Barcelona and the Deputation of the General of Catalonia. The chronology analysed will be the start of the 18th century, a period in which the death of the Spanish monarch Charles II of Austria (1700), the enthronement of the Bourbons (1701) and the consequent war of succession for the Monarchy of Spain (1702-1715) that was fought in the Principality of Catalonia between 1704 and 1714. The results of the study offer new perspectives on some aspects of the historiographical debate unleashed by the celebration of the Tricentenary of 1714, which revolves around the collective identity of Catalans at the beginning of the 18th century.Keywords: Conceptual history, Spain, Catalonia, Barcelona, War of Spanish Succession.
Sobre Berenguer Mercader, anfitrión del Parlament de Joan Roís de Corella, y demás contertulios
Authors: Rubio Vela Agustín
Published: June 2020

Resumen: Investigación documental sobre los contertulios del Parlament en casa de Berenguer Mercader, de Joan Roís de Corella: Berenguer Mercader, Joan Escrivà, Guillem Ramon de Vilarrasa, Lluís de Castellví y don Joan de Pròxita; y análisis crítico de los argumentos que han puesto en duda la identidad del batle general como el verdadero anfitrión del encuentro. Palabras clave: Berenguer Mercader, Joan Escrivà, Guillem Ramon de Vilarrasa, Lluís de Castellví, Joan de Pròxita.Abstract: Documentary research about the fellow participants in the Parlament en casa de Berenguer Mercader, by Joan Roís de Corella: Berenguer Mercader, Joan Escrivà, Guillem Ramon de Vilarrasa, Lluís de Castellví and don Joan de Pròxita; and critical analysis of the arguments put forward to question the identity of the batle general as actual host of the meetingKeywords: Berenguer Mercader, Joan Escrivà, Guillem Ramon de Vilarrasa, Lluís de Castellví, Joan de Pròxita.
Des de la concepció medieval fins a la narració actual: El reliquiari a través de l’obra de Joan Millet.
Authors: Marqués Serra David
Published: June 2020

Resum: La present reflexió s’ocupa del tema del reliquiari, originàriament destinat a la veneració d’elements sagrats, i aprofundeix en la seua constant evolució fins a l’era contemporània, a través de la producció de Joan Millet Bonet. Així doncs, es tracta de fer una comparació inter-temporal amb la intenció d’extraure els possibles vincles que puguen oferir-nos les diferents claus discursives necessàries perquè aquest objecte continue mantenint la seua naturalesa inherent. De tal manera, i inevitablement, fem al·lusió a les tangencials qüestions espirituals que acompanyen l’objecte sacre, tant en l’antiguitat com en l’actualitat. Tot això, necessàriament, configura els entorns en els quals se circumscriuen els reliquiaris en els seus diferents temps i, al seu torn, per extensió, també condicionen i conformen les seues possibilitats formals i estètiques.Palraules clau: Reliquiari, objet trouvé, ready made, objecte trobat, art, disseny, artesania, Joan Millet, espiritualitat.Abstract: This investigation addresses the theme of the reliquary, originally destined to the veneration of sacred elements, and goes in depth in the study of its constant evolution to the contemporary era, through the production of Joan Millet Bonet. Thus, an intertemporal comparison is proposed with the aim of extracting the possible links that can offer us the different discursive keys necessary for the object to maintain its inherent nature. In this way and inevitably, we allude to the tangential spiritual issues that accompany the sacred object, both in ancient times and the present day. All this, necessarily, configures the environments in which the reliquaries are circumscribed in their different times and, in turn, by extension, also condition and shape their formal and aesthetic possibilities.Keywords: reliquary, objet trouvé, ready made, object found, art, design, crafts, Joan Millet, spirituality.
L’espiritualitat de sant Vicent Ferrer en el context de la seua època
Authors: Navarro Sorní Miguel
Published: June 2020

Resum: L’objectiu de l’article és situar l’espiritualitat de sant Vicent Ferrer en el context crític de la seua época, i mostrar com eaquell context condiciona la major part de les característiques de la seua espiritualitat, que té en la predicació de l’Evangeli el seu tret més característic i que aglutina tota la seua vida i la seua doctrina.Paraules clau: espiritualitat tardomedieval,  sant Vicent Ferrer, context històric.Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the spirituality of Saint Vicent Ferrer within the crisis context of his time, and to show how this context influenced most properties of his spirituality; particulary, as his most relevant characteristic, his evangelic preaching, which summarizes his life and doctrine.Keywords: late medieval spirituality,  saint Vincent Ferrer, historical context.
La poesia en la prosa de Joan Roís de Corella: delimitació i transmissió del corpus
Authors: Martos Josep Lluís
Published: June 2020

Resum: L’obra en prosa de Joan Roís de Corella es caracteritza per incorporar-hi poesies. En aquest sentit, aquest treball té un doble objectiu, que es marca des del seu títol: d’una banda, delimita el corpus, que arriba a catalogar vint-i-un poemes, d’una extensió molt diversa, des d’un sol vers fins a vint-i-vuit; d’una altra banda, estudia la transmissió textual d’aquests poemes, amb especial atenció als trets que caracteritzen els diferents testimonis i a les particularitats de transmissió dels poemes.Paraules clau: Joan Roís de Corella, poesia, transmissió textual, corpus, codicologia.Abstract: The work in prose by Joan Roís de Corella is characterized by the incorporation of poetry. In this sense, this work has a double objective, which is marked by its title. On the one hand, it delimits the corpus, which is able to catalog twenty-one poems, from a very diverse extent, from one vers up to twenty-eight. On the other hand, it studies the textual transmission of these poems, paying special attention to the features that characterize the different testimonies and to the particularities of transmission of poems.Keywords: Joan Roís de Corella, poetry, textual transmission, corpus, codicology.
La novel·la històrica en les lletres valencianes: usos del passat en la construcció cultural contemporània
Authors: Francés Díez Maria Àngels
Published: June 2020

Presnetació "La novel·la històrica en les lletres valencianes: usos del passat en la construcció cultural contemporània"
Ressenya a Maria Barceló Crespí & Gabriel Ensenyat Pujol: Flandes i la Mallorca medieval a través dels Pont, Palma, 2019
Authors: Ripoll Perelló Maribel
Published: June 2020

Ressenya a Maria Barceló Crespí & Gabriel Ensenyat Pujol: Flandes i la Mallorca medieval a través dels Pont, Palma, Edicions Documenta Balear, 2019, 259 pp., ISBN: 978-84-17113-59-9 Review to Maria Barceló Crespí & Gabriel Ensenyat Pujol: Flandes i la Mallorca medieval a través dels Pont, Palma, Edicions Documenta Balear, 2019, 259 pp., ISBN: 978-84-17113-59-9
Sulla mostra ‘El noble esforç’: studiare al tempo del Coronavirus. Il doppio volto dell’amore cortese: da Guglielmo IX di Aquitania ai poeti catalani medievali
Authors: Compagna Anna Maria , Alaia Giovanna
Published: June 2020

Sulla mostra ‘El noble esforç’: studiare al tempo del Coronavirus. Il doppio volto dell’amore cortese: da Guglielmo IX di Aquitania ai poeti catalani medievali

About of ‘El noble esforç’: study in Coronavirus time. The double face of courtly love: from William IX of Aquitaine to the medieval Catalan poets
Ressenya a Laura Marqués Pascual & Antonio Cortijo Ocaña (eds.) Second and Third Language Acquisition in Catalan-Speaking Regions, Newark, Delaware, Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2019,
Authors: Llombart-Huesca Amàlia
Published: June 2020

Ressenya a Laura Marqués Pascual & Antonio Cortijo Ocaña (eds.) Second and Third Language Acquisition in Catalan-Speaking Regions, Newark, Delaware, Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs. 2019, 220 pp., ISBN: 978-1-58871-338-4

Review to Laura Marqués Pascual & Antonio Cortijo Ocaña (eds.) Second and Third Language Acquisition in Catalan-Speaking Regions, Newark, Delaware, Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2019, 220 pp., ISBN: 978-1-58871-338-4
Taking More Gastroscopy Images Increases the Detection Rate of Clinically Significant Gastric Lesions: Validation of a Systematic Screening Protocol for the Stomach
Authors: Lee Ja In , Kim Joon Sung , Kim Byung-Wook , Huh Cheal Wung
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims: For systematic screening protocol for the stomach (SSS), 22 gastroscopy images are considered sufficient to avoid blind spots during gastroscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of gastroscopy images taken during the gastroscopy procedure and the detection rate of clinically significant gastric lesions (CSGLs).Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data obtained from a cohort of consecutive subjects at a health promotion center. The primary outcome measure was the detection rate of CSGLs per endoscopist, according to the number of gastroscopy images. We also analyzed whether all the CSGLs were detected via SSS.Results: The mean number of gastroscopy images obtained by eight endoscopists was 27.6±10.5 in 2,912 subjects without CSGLs and without biopsies. Among the 5,970 subjects who underwent gastroscopy by the eight endoscopists, 712 CSGLs were detected in 551 subjects. Fifty-six CSGLs (7.9%) in 55 subjects (10.0%) were not detected during the SSS. Photo-endoscopists who took more images achieved a higher detection rate of CSGLs than those who took fewer images (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.41~3.05; P<0.0001).Conclusions: The modified SSS, which included 22 SSS images, the fundus, and the saddle area, detected significantly more CSGLs. This modified SSS should be validated with further prospective studies.
Clinical Significance of Changes in Gut Microbiome Associated with Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Kim Tae Jun , Lee Hyuk
Published: June 2020

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders, and are generally well tolerated. However, by reducing the secretion of gastric acid in the long term, PPI can increase the risk of inducing an imbalance in the gut microbiome composition. Moreover, gastric hypochlorhydria that is caused by PPIs favors the survival and migration of oral bacteria in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, with a possible induction of pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Therefore, gut dysbiosis that is associated with the use of PPI has been found to cause adverse infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this regard, adverse effects of the PPI-related gut dysbiosis have been reported in different observational studies, but their clinical relevance remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore the available data on the PPI-related gut dysbiosis in order to better understand its clinical significance.
Metachronous Gastric Cancer Occurring after Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Gwang Ha
Published: June 2020

Endoscopic resection (ER) has been widely used as a curative treatment for early gastric cancers (EGCs). Especially endoscopic submucosal dissection has several merits such as high en bloc and curative resection rates for EGCs and preservation of the entire stomach. However, ER has the inevitable limitation that the possibility of newly developing gastric cancers in the preserved stomach is still present. Metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) is defined as a newly developed gastric cancer occurring at a previously uninvolved site ≥1 year after the index ER of EGCs. The incidence of MGC is 3.3~15.6% and increases over time after ER. Old age, male sex, current smoking, severe atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, persistent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, differentiated-type histology, and multiple initial gastric cancers are risk factors of MGC. As H. pylori eradication could reduce the risk of MGC after ER of EGCs, H. pylori eradication is strongly recommended for the prevention of MGC after ER of EGCs. Most MGCs are found at an early stage on regular surveillance endoscopy after ER and successfully treated with ER, with excellent long-term outcomes.
Aggregation pathways of human γ D crystallin induced by metal ions revealed by time dependent methods
Authors: Fernández-Silva Arline , French-Pacheco Leidys , Rivillas-Acevedo Lina , Amero Carlos
Published: June 2020

Cataract formation is a slow accumulative process due to protein aggregates promoted by different factors over time. Zinc and copper ions have been reported to induce the formation of aggregates opaque to light in the human gamma D crystallin (HγD) in a concentration and temperature dependent manner. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of metal-induced aggregation of HγD under conditions that mimic more closely the slow, accumulative process of the disease, we have studied the non-equilibrium process with the minimal metal dose that triggers HγD aggregation. Using a wide variety of biophysics techniques such as turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance and computational methods, we obtained information on the molecular mechanisms for the formation of aggregates. Zn(II) ions bind to different regions at the protein, probably with similar affinities. This binding induces a small conformational rearrangement within and between domains and aggregates via the formation of metal bridges without any detectable unfolded intermediates. In contrast, Cu(II)-induced aggregation includes a lag time, in which the N-terminal domain partially unfolds while the C-terminal domain and parts of the N-terminal domain remain in a native-like conformation. This partially unfolded intermediate is prone to form the high-molecular weight aggregates. Our results clearly show that different external factors can promote protein aggregation following different pathways.
Genome-wide characterization of the Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster-encoding gene family in Pleurotus ostreatus and expression analyses of this family during developmental stages and under heat stress
Authors: Hou Zhihao , Chen Qiang , Zhao Mengran , Huang Chenyang , Wu Xiangli
Published: June 2020

Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms in China. The regulatory mechanisms of fruiting body formation and the response to heat stress in P. ostreatus are main research focuses. The Zn(II)2Cys6 family is one of the largest families of transcriptional factors and plays important roles in multiple biological processes in fungi. In this study, we identified 66 zinc cluster proteins in P. ostreatus (PoZCPs) through a genome-wide search. The PoZCPs were classified into 15 types according to their zinc cluster domain. Physical and chemical property analyses showed a huge diversity among the PoZCPs. Phylogenetic analysis of PoZCPs classified these proteins into six groups and conserved motif combinations and similar gene structures were observed in each group. The expression profiles of these PoZCP genes during different developmental stages and under heat stress were further investigated by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), revealing diverse expression patterns. A total of 13 PoZCPs that may participate in development or the heat stress response were selected for validation of their expression levels through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, and some developmental stage-specific and heat stress-responsive candidates were identified. The findings contribute to our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of ZCPs in P. ostreatus.
Cuando la alimentación se convierte en gastronomía. Procesos de activación patrimonial de tradiciones alimentarias
Authors: Hernández Ramírez Javier
Published: June 2020

En el ensayo se analizan procesos de transformación de la alimentación en patrimonio cultural. Estas dinámicas, que suponen la selección y activación de determinados elementos de las tradiciones culinarias, son promovidas por distintos agentes sociales que pugnan por la versión autorizada. El estudio de distintos referentes empíricos permite identificar tres modelos ideales a través de los cuales la alimentación es elevada a la categoría de patrimonio cultural: exo-patrimonialización, endo-patrimonialización y patrimonialización negociada.
Reserva Nacional China Muerta: Consideraciones en torno a la conservación biocultural de la naturaleza, los incendios forestales y la herida colonial en territorios indígenas
Authors: Figueroa Burdiles Noelia , Vergara-Pinto Francisca
Published: June 2020

Se presentan los principales resultados de una investigación de carácter exploratorio realizada en torno al incendio de la Reserva Nacional China Muerta (Región de La Araucanía), ocurrido en el año 2015. Empleándose un diseño metodológico cualitativo y un enfoque etnográfico, fue posible identificar distintos actores sociales relacionados con la reserva, y a través de sus discursos aproximarse a las memorias, significados y prácticas que les vinculan a esta área silvestre protegida y sus visiones en torno al incendio como desastre. Se identificaron dos principales dimensiones en dicha vinculación: la noción del uso material de sus recursos naturales y la relación simbólica-espiritual con el territorio que constituye. Los resultados dan cuenta de cómo el incendio fue un escenario que visibilizó la diversidad sociocultural de un territorio, involucrando distintas subjetividades en la comprensión de este desastre socionatural y del propio territorio; a través de los mecanismos de participación, acción y contención del incendio, como también a través del cuestionamiento acerca del futuro del territorio y del nombre de la Reserva “China Muerta”, el cual, a nuestro juicio, devela una herida colonial que continúa hasta nuestros días. Finalmente más que conclusiones y a modo de apertura para futuras investigaciones, se propone indagar acerca de qué modo las expresiones culturales presentes en territorios donde conviven poblaciones humanas y hábitats protegidos, contribuyen a poner en valor la relación naturaleza–cultura, ampliando la dimensión de patrimonio natural a la noción de patrimonio biocultural.
Hacia una ontología del escuchar. Fundamento del diálogo intercultural
Authors: Gueijman Patricia
Published: June 2020

Desde una mirada metafísica perspectivista y raciovitalista se pretende hacer un análisis del “escuchar” extrayendo de ello consecuencias aplicables al diálogo y a las prácticas interculturales, con el objetivo de realizar un aporte teórico sobre el arte de escuchar para que se efectúe un cambio liberador en el diálogo humano y un rescate de actitudes y características positivas de escuchas entre diversas sabidurías, tendiente a superar el eurocentrismo filosófico – teológico occidental hegemónico
Degradation of Congo Red Dye Using Homogeneous Photo Fenton Catalyst Coupled with Oxygen Kinetics and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Molla-Babaker Mohammed Mahmmod , Idreesb Shinwar Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Experimental design DoE (box behnken design BBD) and statistical analysis approaches were employed to determine the effect of Congo red dye (C.R)  concentration, photo catalyst dose (Fe+2) and follow of oxygen gas as an oxidant on the degradation of C.R. The results show that the concentration oppositely affects the degradation yield whereas the remaining two factors show positive effect, throughout all experiments oxygen molecule shows crucial role in their positive effect with p-value about 0.01 which is very significant value. The accepted regression model was linear with significance p-value 0.032 that mean all factors show good agreement in linear relationship and the interactions was not important. Degradation kinetics was also applied to investigate the effect of increasing dye concentration on degradation rate constant with and without photo catalyst dose and oxidant (O2). It appears that the degradation of peak at 498nm is second order The result was in good agreement with that of statistical analysis that are 0.0435, 0.0545 and  5.4 M- min-  with photo catalysis 12, 8 and 4 PPM dye, 4O2 mL/min,20PPM Fe+2 respectively, in case without photocatalyst the results were 0.0025 and 0.0207 M- min-with 12 and 4 PPM in turn.
Fastest Growing Waste: E-waste
Authors: Singh Riya , Khan Shadman Ahmed , Siddiqui Shadab
Published: June 2020

Electrical and electronic waste commonly known as e-waste is now one of the world's major concerns. Industries have been so diligent and successful in recent years. The sales and trend of electronic goods have increased rapidly in the world. But with the increase in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic goods and their trend, the result has been somehow leading us to the concern of e-waste. The obsolescence of electrical and electronics goods has become a huge drawback in the field technology because it is measured that various techniques have been used to solve this issue regarding the e-waste produced by industries but none of the solutions to recycle was very effective in the favors of nature and biodiversity. This research paper aims to particularize highlight and determine, the major concern, the effect of e-waste on environment and health.
Enhancement of the Productivity of Groundnut in Malawi through the Combined Use of Inoculants and Foliar Application of Nutrients
Authors: Phiri Austin T. , Simwaka Pacsu , Kausiwa Daniel
Published: June 2020

Low productivity characterizes the production of groundnut among smallholder farmers in Malawi. There is a need to explore options capable of increasing the productivity of the crop sustainably more especially under the changing climate. Against this background, experiments were conducted during the 2016/17 cropping season to investigate the potential to enhance the productivity of groundnut in Malawi through the combined use of inoculants (Graph-Ex and Histick-BASF) and foliar application of nutrients using Allwin fertilizer (legumes). The experiments were established at Bvumbwe and Chitala Agricultural research Stations and were laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Data collected were analyzed in Genstat Discovery Edition 4 and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% level of confidence. Means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD0.05). In general, foliar application of Allwin fertilizer alone particularly when conducted twice at two and four weeks after emergence produced a positive significant (p<0.05) groundnut grain yield response (97.8-170.8%) above the control. The yield increase is attributable to enhanced growth and development of the groundnut through the foliar supply of nutrients. In general, under the changing climate and amidst other constraints foliar feeding of nutrients using Allwin fertilizer alone particularly when conducted twice can increase significantly groundnut productivity in Malawi.
Comparison of Straw Chopper cum Incorporator with Existing Paddy Residue Management Technologies in Combine Harvested Paddy Field at North Western Region of India
Authors: Ramulu Chelpuri , Pateriya Raj Narayan , Naik Mude Arjun
Published: June 2020

Burning of paddy residue is major problem which leads to adverse affect on our environment. Management of crop residues in conservation agriculture is vital for long-term sustainability of Indian agriculture. The straw chopper cum incorporator machine consists of chopping unit, incorporation unit, adjustable frame, pulleys and belts. The power is transmitted to the chopping unit and incorporation unit by tractor (55.95 kW) PTO with the help of gear box, belt, pulley and gear arrangement. The fuel consumption, field capacity and field efficiency of residue management machine were observed 12.5-14.0 l/h, 0.43-0.64 ha/h and 60.46% respectively. Cost economics of straw chopper cum incorporator machine was compared with existing technologies adopted by farmers i.e. straw chopper + 2 rotavator practice and 6 harrowing + rotavator + planker practice. The cost of operation of straw chopper cum incorporator machine was observed 4272.8 Rs.ha-1 lower than existing technologies. The break even point (BEP), pay back period and benefit cost (B:C) ratio of the Straw chopper cum incorporator machine were 45ha, 0.7 years and 1.17 respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the Straw chopper cum incorporator machine can be recommended to the farmers for paddy residue management of combine harvested paddy field.
The Potential Influence of Forests and Climate Change on the Environmental Fates of Organic Compounds in Tropical Watersheds
Authors: Barrett Kayon S. C. , Jaward Foday M.
Published: June 2020

This exploratory review synthesizes current knowledge on the use, exposures and environmental fates of PBDEs, dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, and current-use pesticides, as well as purports the potential for forests and climate change to affect their fates at the catchment scale in tropical regions. Organic compounds such as these are under global scrutiny because of their widespread distribution and potential for adverse health impacts. PBDEs and current-use pesticides are produced for their beneficial services as flame retardants and pest controls, respectively, whereas dioxins and furans are the by-products of combustion events involving many organic compounds. However, these chemicals distribute to various environmental media and are associated with adverse health effects, including neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Previous studies have shown that temperate and boreal forests influence the environmental fates of some organic chemicals by transferring them from the atmosphere to the soils, therefore potentially reducing atmospheric exposure. Changing climate variables, such as temperature change, are also expected to be important in the environmental distribution of organic contaminants. However, the effect of these factors, forests and climate change, on the environmental fates of organic pollutants in tropical watersheds have not been adequately examined. Knowledge of the fates and impacts of organic pollutants in tropical regions is critical for environmental management and policy development therein, and this review therefore explores the potential influences of forests and climate change on contaminant fates in tropical regions. Finally, the areas where more research is needed to assist in these endeavors are elucidated.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Partially Purified Protein from Young and Matured Root of Guiera senegalensis (Moshi Medicine)
Authors: Jiyil M. K. , Shago M. I. , Mafuyai C. E. , Silas M. , Olorunyomi O. A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is increasing at an alarming rate leading to the need for traditional medicine as an alternative.

Aim of the Study: The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic and, aqueous extracts of partial purified protein of young and matured roots of Guiera senegalensis.

Methodology: Antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques, Quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by standard procedure, the gel chromatography technique was used to fractionate the crude protein. The test isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans.

Results: The antimicrobial activity showed all the extracts were quite effective against most of the test isolates except Candida albicans (fungus). The crude and partially purified proteins were active against Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition (37.33±5.03b mm) was observed in methanolic extracts of young root against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg/ml. Most extracts of methanolic exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the range of 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. The young root was more active than the matured root. Quantitative phytochemicals showed a high amount of saponins (9.98% and 6.42%) in matured and young roots respectively.

Conclusion: Guiera senegalensis has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new antibiotics that could be useful for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Inoculation of Pseudomonas putida in Farmer Environment to Improve Growth and Yield: Maize (Zea mays L.) Trial in Sothern, Central and Northern (Benin)
Authors: Adoko M. Y. , Agbodjato N. A. , Ouikoun G. C. , Amogou O. , Noumavo P. A. , Sina H. , Koda A. D. , Allagbé M. , Adjovi N. Ahoyo , Adjanohoun A. , Baba-Moussa L.
Published: June 2020

The application of Plant Growth Promoting rhizobacteria as a microbial bio-fertilizers to increase soil fertility and productivity, allows a rational use of chemical fertilizers which makes agriculture sustainable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas putida on the maize productivity in farmer environment. For this purpose, trials were conducted in two Agricultural Development Poles with nine (09) producers equitably distributed in Southern, Central and Northern Benin. The experimental design was a completely randomized block of three (03) treatments (T1: farmer practice; T2: P. putida + ½ recommended dose of NPK and Urea; T3: recommended dose of NPK and Urea) with three (03) repetitions. During sowing, two (2) maize seeds of the 2000 SYNEE-W variety were introduced into a pot and inoculated with 10 ml of bacterial suspensions of 108 CFU/ml concentration. The results showed that the best heights, stem diameters and leaf areas of maize plants were obtained with P. putida + ½ recommended dose of NPK and Urea with the nine (09) producers of the three (03) areas with respective increases of 14.76%; 18.08% and 26.56% compared to the farmer practice. In addition, the results related to yield parameters such as aerial biomass, underground biomass and maize grain yield were better improved with the P. putida + ½ recommended dose of NPK and Urea. The average rates of increase recorded were 42.70%, 38.96% and 77.69%, respectively, compared to farmer practice. In sum, this rhizobacteria can be used as the microbial bio-fertilizers to improve maize productivity in Benin.
Health Affairs blog downplays importance of privacy loss in CARES Act changes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2020

The quiet and rapid end of the federal law protecting substance use disorder (SUD) treatment record confidentiality came on March 27 with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (see “CARES Act eliminates most of 42 CFR Part 2,” ADAW, April 6, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32678). Bear in mind that the regulation is still in effect until next March. But once the law was passed, it didn't take long for history to be rewritten.
Controllable Stiffness Origami “Skeletons” for Lightweight and Multifunctional Artificial Muscles
Authors: Lin Yangqiao , Yang Geng , Liang Yuwen , Zhang Chao , Wang Wei , Qian Dahong , Yang Huayong , Zou Jun
Published: June 2020

Flexible, material‐based, artificial muscles enable compliant and safe technologies for human–machine interaction devices and adaptive soft robots, yet there remain long‐term challenges in the development of artificial muscles capable of mimicking flexible, controllable, and multifunctional human activity. Inspired by human limb's activity strategy, combining muscles' adjustable stiffness and joints' origami folding, controllable stiffness origami “skeletons,” which are created by laminar jamming and origami folding of multiple layers of flexible sandpaper, are embedded into a common monofunctional vacuumed‐powered cube‐shaped (CUBE) artificial muscle, thereby enabling the monofunctional CUBE artificial muscle to achieve lightweight and multifunctionality as well as controllable force/motion output without sacrificing its volume and shape. Successful demonstrations of arms self‐assembly and cooperatively gripping different objects and a “caterpillar” robot climbing different pipes illustrate high operational redundancy and high‐force output through “building blocks” assembly of multifunctional CUBE artificial muscles. Controllable stiffness origami “skeletons” offer a facile and low‐cost strategy to fabricate lightweight and multifunctional artificial muscles for numerous potential applications such as wearable assistant devices, miniature surgical instruments, and soft robots.
Near‐Unity Polarization of Valley‐Dependent Second‐Harmonic Generation in Stacked TMDC Layers and Heterostructures at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Danliang , Zeng Zhouxiaosong , Tong Qingjun , Jiang Ying , Chen Shula , Zheng Biyuan , Qu Junyu , Li Fang , Zheng Weihao , Jiang Feng , Zhao Hepeng , Huang Lanyu , Braun Kai , Meixner Alfred J. , Wang Xiao , Pan Anlian
Published: June 2020

With unique valley‐dependent optical and optoelectronic properties, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are promising materials for valleytronics. Second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in 2D TMDCs monolayers has shown valley‐dependent optical selection rules. However, SHG in monolayer TMDCs is generally weak; it is important to obtain materials with both strong SHG signals and a large degree of polarization. In the work, a variety of inversion‐symmetry‐breaking (3R‐like phase) TMDCs (WSe2, WS2, MoS2) atomic layers, spiral structures, and heterostructures are prepared, and their SHG polarization is studied. Through circular‐polarization‐resolved SHG experiments, it is demonstrated that the SHG intensity is enhanced in thicker samples by breaking inversion symmetry while maintaining the degree of polarization close to unity at room temperature. By studying TMDCs with different twist angles and the spiral structures, it is found that there is no significant effect of multilayer interlayer interaction on valley‐dependent SHG. The realization of strong SHG with high degree of polarization may pave the way toward a new platform for nonlinear optical valleytronics devices based on 2D semiconductors.
PEDOT:PSS‐Metal Oxide Composite Electrode with Regulated Wettability and Work Function for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Chenghao , Liu Zidan , Yuan Ligang , Zhu Hepeng , Luo Huiming , Yan Keyou
Published: June 2020

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) can be roll‐to‐roll deposited on the substrate facilely in the electronics, but its acidity and mismatched energy level limit the performance and stability. Herein, different metal salts are incorporated into PEDOT:PSS solution to prepare PEDOT:PSS‐AxOy (metal oxide) composite hole transport layer and it is found that the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be greatly enhanced. PSC using PEDOT:PSS‐MoOx has achieved much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) (19.64%) than that of pristine PEDOT:PSS (12.19%). Two key factors are important for the performance enhancement. First, the increased surface free energy of PEDOT:PSS‐AxOy is beneficial for the formation of large crystal size and pinhole‐free film, leading to reduced nonradiative recombination. Second, the work function of PEDOT:PSS can be tuned to match the energy level of photoactive layer with small amount incorporation, which greatly enhances the photovoltage by a factor of 1.1. Besides, the devices based on PEDOT:PSS‐AxOy exhibit improved long‐term stability. Unencapsulated PSCs with PEDOT:PSS‐MoOx retain over 90% and 80% of their initial PCEs in N2 for 45 d and in ambient air for 20 d, respectively. The modified PEDOT:PSS solutions overcome the intrinsic imperfection and can be potentially employed for large‐scale production in the electronic devices.
Microfluidic Printing of Slippery Textiles for Medical Drainage around Wounds
Authors: Zhang Han , Chen Guopu , Yu Yunru , Guo Jiahui , Tan Qian , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: June 2020

Surface materials with specific wettability play significant roles in existing fields from environmental protection to biomedicine. Here, a 3D droplet transport microfiber textile with slippery liquid‐infused porous surface is presented for medical drainage around wounds. The textile is fabricated by using a simple capillary microfluidic printing method to continuously spin polyurethane microfibers with liquid paraffin‐infused porous surface and print them into a 3D‐structure. Benefiting from the specific surface porous structure and oil encapsulation of the microfibers, aqueous droplets could be nondestructively and rapidly transported not only in simple single, double or multiple microfiber systems, but also in the microfibers composed stereoscopic textile through the microfluidic 3D printing. Based on this feature, it is demonstrated that the 3D slippery microfiber textile coupled with a vacuum sealing drainage therapy could significantly enhance the wound exudation drainage efficiency, reduce tissue injury, and prolong the effective service life in versatile wounds management. Thus, it is believed that the slippery microfiber textiles have potential for clinical applications.
Hybrid Graphene/Carbon Nanofiber Wax Emulsion for Paper‐Based Electronics and Thermal Management
Authors: Wu Xinhui , Steiner Pietro , Raine Thomas , Pinter Gergo , Kretinin Andrey , Kocabas Coskun , Bissett Mark , Cataldi Pietro
Published: June 2020

Materials for electronics that function as electrical and/or thermal conductors are often rigid, expensive, difficult to source, and sometimes toxic. An electrically and thermally conductive nanocomposite that is lightweight, flexible, and ecofriendly could improve the environmental friendliness of the electronics sector and enable new applications. Considering this, flexible and electrically and thermally conductive materials are fabricated by functionalizing paper with nanocarbon conductive inks. Carnauba wax is emulsified in isopropyl alcohol and mixed with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) or with hybrids of GNPs and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The percolation threshold of the hybrid samples is lowered compared with the pure GNP composites, due to their increased filler aspect ratio. The hybrid samples also exhibit superior bending and folding stability. Densification of the coating to decrease their sheet resistance enables them to achieve as low as ≈50 Ω sq−1 for the GNP‐based paper. The densification procedure improves the bending stability, the abrasion resistance, and the electromagnetic interference shielding of the paper‐based conductors. Finally, the compressed samples show an impressive enhancement of their thermal diffusivity. The flexible and multifunctional nanocarbon coated paper is a promising electrical conductor and thermally dissipative material and, at the same time, can increase the environmental sustainability of the electronics sector.
In Situ Nitrogen‐Doped Covalent Triazine‐Based Multiporous Cross‐Linking Framework for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Chuanguang , Zhang Hao , Hu Mingjun , Shan Guangcun , Gao Jiefeng , Liu Jinzhang , Zhou Xianglin , Yang Jun
Published: June 2020

Porous carbon as an electrode material has attracted extensive attention in the field of energy storage. Herein, to promote the energy density of carbon‐based materials, a class of in situ nitrogen‐doped 3D carbon skeleton with hierarchical pores through the structural evolution of pyridine‐incorporated porous covalent triazine‐based framework (p‐CTFs) is rationally designed and prepared. The controlled microscopic pore structure and nitrogen doping concentration can be achieved by varying the polymerization temperature. The experimental results show that p‐CTF‐800 has a large specific surface area (2795 m2 g−1), a rich nitrogen content (11.82%), and a broad pore size distribution (0.65–5 nm), and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 406 F g−1 in three‐electrode system and 245.7 F g−1 in water‐based symmetric supercapacitor. When using ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetraflfluoroborate as electrolyte, the energy density can reach 77 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 175 W kg−1, and still remain at 56.4 Wh kg−1 even at a power density up to 8749 W kg−1. Moreover, p‐CTF‐800‐supercapacitor presents excellent cyclic stability (94% energy retention after 20 000 cycles for IL electrolytes) under current density of 4 A g−1. These results indicate that as‐prepared p‐CTFs can behave as excellent electrode candidate materials for the future high‐performance energy storage devices.
Enhanced Kinetics Harvested in Heteroatom Dual‐Doped Graphitic Hollow Architectures toward High Rate Printable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Chen , Sun Zhongti , Yu Lianghao , Lian Xueyu , Yi Yuyang , Li Jie , Liu Zhongfan , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu
Published: June 2020

Carbonaceous materials have emerged as promising anode candidates for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to overwhelming advantages including cost‐effectiveness and wide availability of materials. However, further development in this realm is handicapped by the deficiency in their in‐target and large‐scale synthesis, as well as their low specific capacity and huge volume expansion. Herein the precise and scalable synthesis of N/S dual‐doped graphitic hollow architectures (NSG) via direct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is reported. Thus‐fabricated NSG affording uniform nitrogen/sulfur co‐doping, possesses ample potassiophilic surface moieties, effective electron/ion‐transport pathways, and high structural stability, which bestow it with high rate capability (≈100 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and a prolonged cycle life (a capacity retention rate of 90.2% at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles), important steps toward high‐performance K‐ion storage. The enhanced kinetics of the NSG anode are systematically probed by theoretical simulations combined with operando Raman spectroscopy, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements. In further contexts, printed NSG electrodes with tunable mass loading (1.84, 3.64, and 5.65 mg cm−2) are realized to showcase high areal capacities. This study demonstrates the construction of a printable carbon‐based PIB anode, that holds great promise for next‐generation grid‐scale PIB applications.
Advanced Intelligent Systems for Surgical Robotics
Authors: Thai Mai Thanh , Phan Phuoc Thien , Hoang Trung Thien , Wong Shing , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho
Published: June 2020

Surgical robots have had clinical use since the mid‐1990s. Robot‐assisted surgeries offer many benefits over the conventional approach including lower risk of infection and blood loss, shorter recovery, and an overall safer procedure for patients. The past few decades have shown many emerging surgical robotic platforms that can work in complex and confined channels of the internal human organs and improve the cognitive and physical skills of the surgeons during the operation. Advanced technologies for sensing, actuation, and intelligent control have enabled multiple surgical devices to simultaneously operate within the human body at low cost and with more efficiency. Despite advances, current surgical intervention systems are not able to execute autonomous tasks and make cognitive decisions that are analogous to those of humans. Herein, the historical development of surgery from conventional open to robotic‐assisted approaches with discussion on the capabilities of advanced intelligent systems and devices that are currently implemented in existing surgical robotic systems is reviewed. Also, available autonomous surgical platforms are comprehensively discussed with comments on the essential technologies, existing challenges, and suggestions for the future development of intelligent robotic‐assisted surgical systems toward the achievement of fully autonomous operation.
A Multitarget Gold(I) Complex Induces Cytotoxicity Related to Aneuploidy in HCT‐116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Jing , Abu el Maaty Mohamed A. , Hoffmeister Henrik , Schmidt Claudia , Muenzner Julienne K. , Schobert Rainer , Wölfl Stefan , Ott Ingo
Published: June 2020

A novel alkynyl phosphane gold(I) complex (trimethylphosphane)(3‐(1,3‐dimethylxanthine‐7‐yl)prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)gold(I) 1 displayed mutiple biological activites including selective proliferation inhibitory, anti‐metastatic, and anti‐angiogenic effects. The complex also induced effects related to aneuploidy in HCT‐116 colon carcinoma cells, which might be mainly ascribed to the dysfunction of mitochondrial bioenergetics and downregulation of glycolysis. Induction of aneuploidy beyond a critical level can provide an effective strategy to target cancer, in particular colorectal tumours with a low tolerance of aneuploidy, and could be of relevance for 1 and other metallodrugs.