bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between preoperative serum zinc level and prognosis in patients with advanced esophageal cancer in the neoadjuvant treatment era
Authors: Kubo Yuto , Igaue Shota , Utsunomiya Daichi , Kubo Kentaro , Kurita Daisuke , Ishiyama Koshiro , Oguma Junya , Daiko Hiroyuki
Published: March 2024

Background

Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element, has an adverse influence on the prognosis of several cancers. However, the association between the preoperative serum Zn level and outcomes in patients with advanced esophageal cancer in the current neoadjuvant treatment era remains unclear.

Methods

This study involved 185 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent R0 surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from August 2017 to February 2021. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between the preoperative serum Zn level and the patients' outcomes.

Results

The patients were divided into a low Zn group (<64 μg/dL) and a high Zn group (≤64 μg/dL) according to the mean preoperative serum Zn level. Low Zn had significantly worse overall survival (OS) (2‐year OS rate: 76.2% vs. 83.3% in low vs. high Zn; p = 0.044). A low Zn in pathological non‐responders (Grade ≤ 1a) was significantly associated with a shorter 2‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate (39.6% vs. 64.1% in low vs. high Zn; p = 0.032). The multivariate analysis identified low BMI and Zn level among preoperative nutritional status indices as an independent risk factor for worse RFS in non‐responders. Compared with responders, pathological non‐responders comprised significantly more males and a performance status of ≥1, and there was no difference in Zn level according to pathological response.

Conclusion

A preoperative low Zn level had a negative impact on early recurrence in esophageal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This suggests the need to administer Zn supplementation to patients with esophageal cancer who have preoperative Zn deficiency.
Payload‐free protein nanoparticles target inflamed colons to restore intestinal barrier integrity for effectively treating inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Yang Mei , Shen Honglan , Zhong Suting , Xu Zongpu , Liu Xiangyu , Wu Weicheng , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: March 2024

Anti‐inflammatory compounds, delivered as a payload to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by carriers, still cannot treat inflammatory bowel diseases without avoiding side effects. Here, we developed payload‐free protein nanoparticles (PNPs) that crossed GIT to retain in the colon and treat colitis by restoring intestinal barrier integrity by modulating gut microbiome and metabolome. Specifically, PNPs, orally administered to mice with acute colitis, reached the colon within three hours. Consequently, PNPs improve gut microbiota dysbiosis to reverse metabolism balance, suppressing the expression of tumor‐necrosis factor α and toll‐like receptor 4 that restores the intestinal barrier integrity. PNPs then ameliorated colon inflammation and attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis by exerting probiotic effects on gut microbiota, treating colitis in a week more effectively than the clinically often used 5‐aminosalicylic acid without causing undesired side effects. Such PNPs represent safe, sustainable, and cost‐effective therapeutics for treating inflammatory and metabolic diseases by eliminating microbial and metabolomic imbalance.
Results of a phase I trial with Haploidentical mbIL‐21 ex vivo expanded NK cells for patients with multiply relapsed and refractory AML
Authors: Ciurea Stefan O. , Kongtim Piyanuch , Srour Samer , Chen Julianne , Soebbing Doris , Shpall Elizabeth , Rezvani Katayoun , Nakkula Robin , Thakkar Aarohi , Troy Ella C. , Cash Alex A. , Behbehani Gregory , Cao Kai , Schafer Jolie , Champlin Richard E. , Lee Dean A.
Published: March 2024

Natural killer (NK)‐cells have potent anti‐tumor effects, yet it remains unclear if they are effective for patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a phase I clinical trial, we treated 12 patients (median age 60 years) with refractory AML (median 5 lines of prior therapy, median bone marrow blast count of 47%) with fludarabine/cytarabine followed by 6 infusions of NK‐cells expanded from haploidentical donors using K562 feeder cells expressing membrane‐bound IL21 and 4‐1BBL. Patients received 106–107/kg/dose. No toxicity or graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was observed and MTD was not reached. Seven patients (58.3%) responded and achieved a complete remission (CR) with/without count recovery. Median time to best response was 48 days. Five responding patients proceeded to a haploidentical transplant from the same donor. After a median follow‐up of 52 months, 1‐year overall survival (OS) for the entire group was 41.7%, better for patients who responded with CR/CRi (57.14%), and for patients who responded and underwent transplantation (60%). Persistence and expansion of donor‐derived NK‐cells were identified in patients' blood, and serum IFNγ levels rose concurrently with NK cell infusions. A higher count‐functional inhibitory KIR was associated with higher likelihood of achieving CR/CRi. In conclusion, we observed a significant response to ex vivo expanded NK‐cell administration in refractory AML patients without adverse effects.
Quantifying the relationship between bone and soft tissue measures within the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago
Authors: Turcotte Cassandra M. , Choi Audrey M. , Spear Jeffrey K. , Hernandez‐Janer Eva M. , Taboada Hannah G. , Stock Michala K. , Villamil Catalina I. , Bauman Samuel E. ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Martinez Melween I. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Montague Michael J. , Platt Michael L. , Williams Scott A. , Higham James P. , Antón Susan C.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Interpretations of the primate and human fossil record often rely on the estimation of somatic dimensions from bony measures. Both somatic and skeletal variation have been used to assess how primates respond to environmental change. However, it is unclear how well skeletal variation matches and predicts soft tissue. Here, we empirically test the relationship between tissues by comparing somatic and skeletal measures using paired measures of pre‐ and post‐mortem rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico.

Materials and Methods

Somatic measurements were matched with skeletal dimensions from 105 rhesus macaque individuals to investigate paired signals of variation (i.e., coefficients of variation, sexual dimorphism) and bivariate codependence (reduced major axis regression) in measures of: (1) limb length; (2) joint breadth; and (3) limb circumference. Predictive models for the estimation of soft tissue dimensions from skeletons were built from Ordinary Least Squares regressions.

Results

Somatic and skeletal measurements showed statistically equivalent coefficients of variation and sexual dimorphism as well as high epiphyses‐present ordinary least square (OLS) correlations in limb lengths (R2 >0.78, 0.82), joint breadths (R2 >0.74, 0.83) and, to a lesser extent, limb circumference (R2 >0.53, 0.68).

Conclusion

Skeletal measurements are good substitutions for somatic values based on population signals of variation. OLS regressions indicate that skeletal correlates are highly predictive of somatic dimensions. The protocols and regression equations established here provide a basis for reliable reconstruction of somatic dimension from catarrhine fossils and validate our ability to compare or combine results of studies based on population data of either hard or soft tissue proxies.
Nanoscale imaging of pT217‐tau in aged rhesus macaque entorhinal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Evidence of interneuronal trafficking and early‐stage neurodegeneration
Authors: Datta Dibyadeep , Perone Isabella , Wijegunawardana Denethi , Liang Feng , Morozov Yury M. , Arellano Jon , Duque Alvaro , Xie Zhongcong , van Dyck Christopher H. , Joyce Mary Kate P. , Arnsten Amy F. T.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

Tau phosphorylated at threonine‐217 (pT217‐tau) is a novel fluid‐based biomarker that predicts onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, but little is known about how pT217‐tau arises in the brain, as soluble pT217‐tau is dephosphorylated post mortem in humans.

METHODS

We used multilabel immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of early‐stage pT217‐tau in entorhinal and prefrontal cortices of aged macaques with naturally occurring tau pathology and assayed pT217‐tau levels in plasma.

RESULTS

pT217‐tau was aggregated on microtubules within dendrites exhibiting early signs of degeneration, including autophagic vacuoles. It was also seen trafficking between excitatory neurons within synapses on spines, where it was exposed to the extracellular space, and thus accessible to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/blood. Plasma pT217‐tau levels increased across the age span and thus can serve as a biomarker in macaques.

DISCUSSION

These data help to explain why pT217‐tau predicts degeneration in AD and how it gains access to CSF and plasma to serve as a fluid biomarker.
Light Enables the Cathodic Interface Reaction Reversibility in Solid‐State Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Ren Liping , Zheng Ming , Kong Fanpeng , Yu Zhenjiang , Sun Nan , Li Menglu , Liu Qingsong , Song Yajie , Dong Jidong , Qiao Jinli , Xu Nengneng , Wang Jian , Lou Shuaifeng , Jiang Zaixing , Wang Jiajun
Published: March 2024

Limited triple‐phase boundaries arising from the accumulation of solid discharge product(s) in solid‐state cathodes (SSCs) pose a challenge to high‐property solid‐state lithium‐oxygen batteries (SSLOBs). Light‐assisted SSLOBs have been gradually explored as an ingenious system; however, the fundamental mechanisms of the SSCs interface behavior remain unclear. Here, we discovered that light assistance can enhance the fast inner‐sphere charge transfer in SSCs and regulate the discharge products with spherical particles generated via the surface growth model. Moreover, the high photoelectron excitation and transportation capabilities of SSCs can retard cathodic catalytic decay by avoiding structural degradation of the cathode with a reduced charge voltage. The light‐induced SSLOBs exhibited excellent stability (170 cycles) with a low discharge–charge polarization overpotential (0.27 V). Furthermore, transparent SSLOBs with exceptional flexibility, mechanical stability, and multiform shapes were fabricated for theory‐to‐practical applications in sunlight‐induced batteries. Our study opens new opportunities for the introduction of solar energy into energy storage systems.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals
Authors: Wei Yi , Xie Xiao‐Yu , Liu Jiabin , Liu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Bo , Chen Xin‐Yi , Li Shi‐Jun , Lan Yu , Hong Kai
Published: March 2024

Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α‐halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross‐coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron‐containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.
Zur Dekarbonisierung N‐Heterocyclischer Carbene (NHCs): Die einfachen Alan‐Addukte (NHC) ⋅ AlR3 (R=H, Me, Et)
Authors: Werner Luis , Radius Udo
Published: March 2024

Die Reaktion des Amin‐stabilisierten Alans (NMe3) ⋅ AlH3 1 mit dem Rückgrat‐gesättigten N‐heterocyclischen Carben (NHC) SIDipp (SIDipp=1,3‐Bis‐{2,6‐di‐iso‐propyl‐phenyl}‐imidazolidin‐2‐yliden) bei 0 °C ergab das NHC‐stabilisierte Alan‐Addukt (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2. Erhöhte Temperaturen oder verlängerte Reaktionszeiten bei Raumtemperatur führten zum Produkt einer Ringerweiterungs‐Reaktion (RER) des NHCs, (NMe3) ⋅ AlH(RER‐SIDippH2), 3 ⋅ (NMe3). Die anschließende Reaktionen mit den sterisch weniger anspruchsvollen NHCs (IMeMe {=1,3,4,5‐Tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden}, IiPrMe {=1,3‐Di‐iso‐propyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden} und IiPr {=1,3‐Di‐iso‐propyl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden}) lieferten die NHC‐stabilisierten RER‐Produkte (NHC) ⋅ AlH(RER‐SIDippH2) 3 ⋅ (NHC) (NHC=IMeMe, IiPrMe, IiPr), während mit den sterisch anspruchsvolleren NHCs IDipp (=1,3‐Bis‐{2,6‐di‐iso‐propyl‐phenyl}‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden), SIDipp und ItBu (=1,3‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden) keine Reaktion beobachtet wurde. Die Verbindungen 3 ⋅ (NHC) wurden ebenfalls ausgehend von (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 und NHC bei Raumtemperatur erhalten. Das Erhitzen von Lösungen von (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 ohne zusätzliche Base auf 95 °C führte unter Verlust von Ethen zu einer Dekarbonisierung des NHCs und somit zur Substitution des Carben‐Kohlenstoffatoms durch Aluminiumhydrid. Die anschließende Dimerisierung ergab cis‐[AlH{μ‐N(Dipp)CH2CH2N(Dipp)}]2 4_dimer. Das Erhitzen von Lösungen der NHC‐stabilisierten Aluminiumalkyle (SIDipp) ⋅ AlR3 2R (R=Me, Et) auf 145 °C führte stattdessen unter Freisetzung von Ethen zur vollständigen Spaltung des NHC‐Grundgerüstes und Isolierung der Dialkylaluminium(III)‐Amidinate {DippNC(R)NDipp}AlR2 5R (R=Me, Et).
The Synthesis and Reactivity of Naphthoquinonynes
Authors: de Carvalho Renato L. , Wood James M. , Almeida Renata G. , Berry Neil G. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Bower John F.
Published: March 2024

The first systematic exploration of the synthesis and reactivity of naphthoquinonynes is described. Routes to two regioisomeric Kobayashi‐type naphthoquinonyne precursors have been developed, and the reactivity of the ensuing 6,7‐ and 5,6‐aryne intermediates has been investigated. Remarkably, these studies have revealed that a broad range of cycloadditions, nucleophile additions and difunctionalizations can be achieved while maintaining the integrity of the highly sensitive quinone unit. The methodologies offer a powerful diversity oriented approach to C6 and C7 functionalized naphthoquinones, which are typically challenging to access. From a reactivity viewpoint, the study is significant because it demonstrates that aryne‐based functionalizations can be utilized strategically in the presence of highly reactive and directly competing functionality.
Long‐cycling and High‐voltage Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Fluorinated and Crosslinked Polyether Electrolytes
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhao Ruiqi , Zhang Jinping , Song Xingchen , Liu Jie , Xu Nuo , Zhang Hongtao , Wan Xiangjian , Ji Xinyi , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng
Published: March 2024

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), constructed through the in situ fabrication of polymer electrolytes, are considered a critical strategy for the next‐generation battery systems with high energy density and enhanced safety. However, the constrained oxidation stability of polymers, such as the extensively utilized polyethers, limits their applications in high‐voltage batteries and further energy density improvements. Herein, an in situ fabricated fluorinated and crosslinked polyether‐based gel polymer electrolyte, FGPE, is presented, exhibiting a high oxidation potential (5.1 V). The fluorinated polyether significantly improves compatibility with both lithium metal and high‐voltage cathode, attributed to the electron‐withdrawing −CF3 group and the generated LiF‐rich electrolyte/electrode interphase. Consequently, the solid‐state Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 batteries employing FGPE demonstrate exceptional cycling performances of 1000 cycles with 78 % retention, representing one of the best results ever reported for polymer electrolytes. Moreover, FGPE enables batteries to operate at 4.7 V, realizing the highest operating voltage of polyether‐based batteries to date. Notably, our designed in situ FGPE provides the solid‐state batteries with exceptional cycling stability even at practical conditions, including high cathode loading (21 mg cm−2) and industry‐level 18650‐type cylindrical cells (1.3 Ah, 500 cycles). This work provides critical insights into the development of oxidation‐stable polymer electrolytes and the advancement of practical high‐voltage LMBs.
How to Decarbonize N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): The simple Alane Adducts (NHC) ⋅ AlR3 (R=H, Me, Et)
Authors: Werner Luis , Radius Udo
Published: March 2024

The reaction of the amine‐stabilized alane (NMe3) ⋅ AlH3 1 with the backbone‐saturated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) SIDipp (SIDipp=1,3‐bis‐{2,6‐di‐iso‐propyl‐phenyl}‐imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene) at 0 °C yielded the NHC alane adduct (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2. Reaction at elevated temperatures or prolonged reaction at room temperature gave the product of a ring expansion reaction (RER) of the NHC, (NMe3) ⋅ AlH(RER‐SIDippH2) 3 ⋅ (NMe3). Subsequent reaction of the latter with sterically less hindered NHCs (IMeMe {=1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene}, IiPrMe {=1,3‐di‐iso‐propyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene}, and IiPr {=1,3‐di‐iso‐propyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene}) afforded the NHC‐stabilized RER‐products (NHC) ⋅ AlH(RER‐SIDippH2) 3 ⋅ (NHC) (NHC=IMeMe, IiPrMe, IiPr), while no reaction was observed with the sterically more demanding NHCs IDipp (=1,3‐bis‐{2,6‐di‐iso‐propyl‐phenyl}‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), SIDipp and ItBu (=1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene). The compounds 3 ⋅ (NHC) were also obtained starting from (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 and NHC at room temperature. Heating solutions of (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 without additional base to 95 °C resulted in decarbonization of the NHC and substitution of the carbene carbon atom with aluminum hydride under loss of ethene. Subsequent dimerization afforded cis‐[AlH{μ‐N(Dipp)CH2CH2N(Dipp)}]2 4_dimer. Heating solutions of the NHC‐ligated aluminum alkyls (SIDipp) ⋅ AlR3 2R (R=Me, Et) to 145 °C instead led to complete scission of the NHC backbone with evolution of ethene and isolation of the dialkylaluminium(III) amidinates {DippNC(R)NDipp}AlR2 5R (R=Me, Et).
Investigation of advanced biological properties of carbon, carbon‐boron quantum dots, and copper (II) phthalocyanine nanoconjugates
Authors: Özçeşmeci Mukaddes , Gümrükçü Selin , Ünlü Caner , Coşkun İbrahim Yağız , Özdemir Sadin , Yalçın M. Serkan , Tollu Gülşah , Özçeşmeci İbrahim
Published: March 2024

Non‐peripherally, glycerol terminal groups substituted copper (II) phthalocyanine were non‐covalently (electrostatic and/or π–π interaction) attached to carbon (CQD) and carbon‐boron quantum dots (CBQD) to form QDs‐Pc nanoconjugate systems. Synthesized novel phthalocyanine compounds and QDs‐Pc conjugate systems were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. Various biological assessments were applied to newly synthesized compounds. Conjugates 4 and 5 had a maximal free radical scavenging activity of 71.3% and 68.1% at a 100 mg/L concentration. Compounds exhibited high antidiabetic activities at 200 mg/L. Also, compounds showed significant DNA nuclease activity at all tested concentrations. The most efficient MIC value was obtained as 4 mg/L against Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus feacalis. This MIC value was further decreased after photodynamic therapy, and it was observed that the antimicrobial effects of the compounds increased. Inhibition of microbial cell viability was obtained as 100% for all compounds. In addition, compounds exerted perfect biofilm inhibitory effects.
Cadmium (II) metal–organic architecture based on versatile multi‐N‐donor “3,5‐diaminotriazole” and dicarboxylate spacer: Synthesis, crystal structure, and its photocatalytic degradation of organic dye
Authors: Khan Rais Ahmad , AlFawaz Amal , Alhamed Afnan Abdullah , AlMuryyi Nouf Abdulrahman , Hasan Imran , Paul Anup , Alshammari Saad G. , Abdulwahab Ahmed Rashed A. , Arman Hadi D. , Alsalme Ali
Published: March 2024

Herein, we have designed polyfunctional materials of d10‐configuration Cd (II) “Cd‐CP.” The coordination polymer Cd‐CP was synthesized using benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid and 3,5‐diaminotriazole via solvothermal reaction. The Cd‐CP has been fully characterized by using single X‐ray crystallography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform–infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that the CP‐Cd crystallized in triclinic space group P – 1 with the chemical composition [(BDC)(DAT)2Cd2Cl] (CH3)2 NH2+ · H2O. The present study investigated the impact of different reaction parameters, including the concentration of MG, the dosage of catalyst, and the duration of irradiation, on the outcome demonstrating a high level of photocatalytic efficacy at 99.19% under visible light irradiation. The obtained kinetic data exhibited conformity with a pseudo‐first‐order model, indicating that the rate‐determining step is likely to be photo‐absorption. The value of the apparent rate constant was found to be 0.019 min−1 for 50 mg L−1, 0.016 min−1 for 100 mg L−1, and 0.015 min−1 for 150 mg L−1 MG concentration. The corresponding half‐life time was found to be 36.44, 43.31, and 46.20 min with values of correlation coefficient (R2) as 0.99, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, a trapping experiment was conducted to demonstrate that hydroxy radicals (•OH) are the principal reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of MG. The results of the total organic carbon (TOC) study indicated a mineralization value of around 89%, suggesting that the dye has been completely degraded into non‐toxic by‐products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
A feasibility study for the application of climate change vulnerability assessments on species in the Tallurutiup Imanga National Marine Conservation Area
Authors: Cogger Aaron , Filgueira Ramon , Keenan Erin
Published: March 2024

Climate change is disproportionately affecting Arctic ecosystems and their resident species, but knowledge gaps complicate conservation planning.

A proof‐of‐concept application of existing trait‐based vulnerability assessment frameworks were applied to nine species from three different taxa (cetaceans, pinnipeds, marine fish) to determine their vulnerability under the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario. A literature review and data gap analysis were performed to quantify vulnerability and recommend future research priorities.

Each assessed species was found to be highly vulnerable to climate change, with char, cod, and walrus being the most vulnerable.

The largest data gaps include outdated or missing abundance measurements mortality rates in both marine mammals and fish, and reproductive behaviours for fish specifically.

Future assessments should consider multiple emissions scenarios that match the ranges of migratory species not confined to the TINMCA.

Providing a method to preliminarily evaluate climate change vulnerability may help mitigate issues brought by limited species experts, such as respondent fatigue.

More refined scores will require the assistance of species experts, including biologists and Indigenous knowledge holders.
Two Energetic Framework Materials Based on DNM–TNBI as Host Molecule: Effectively Coordinated by Different Cations
Authors: Yang Boqian , Li BiBo , Liu Yang , Xu Chuanhao , Feng Shangbiao , Zhang Shuhai
Published: March 2024

With the demand of develop outstanding‐performance energetic materials, 1‐(dinitromethyl)‐4,4’,5,5’‐tetranitro‐1H,1’H‐2,2’‐biimidazole (DNM–TNBI) emerged as a great contender (D: 9102 m ⋅ s−1; P: 37.6 GPa). However, the relatively poor thermal stability (Td: 142 °C) limits its practical application. In this study, DNM–TNBI as a host molecule to synthesize two new energetic open–framework materials by effectively coordinated with different cations. Their supramolecular structures were investigated and indicated that [DNM–TNBI2−][2NH4+] and [DNM–TNBI2−][2K+] can be classified as a new energetic hydrogen–bonded ammonium framework (EHAF) and an energetic metal organic framework (EMOF). Meanwhile, their thermal stabilities are higher than that of DNM–TNBI and have satisfactory detonation performance ([DNM–TNBI2−][2NH4+], D: 8050 m ⋅ s−1, P: 26.4 GPa; [DNM–TNBI2−][2K+], D: 8301 m ⋅ s−1, P: 30.8 GPa).
Hard Carbon Derived From Different Precursors for Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Wanli , Wang Bin , Li Yuqi , Wang Ning , Xu Yujie , Wang Chongze , Sun Yi , Hu Han
Published: March 2024

Due to the almost unlimited resource and acceptable performance, Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been regarded as a promising alternative for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for grid‐scale energy storage. As the key material of SIBs, hard carbon (HC) plays a decisive role in determining the batteries’ performance. Nevertheless, the micro‐structure of HCs is quite complex and the random organization of turbostratically stacked graphene layers, closed pores, and defects make the structure‐performance relationship insufficiently revealed. On the other hand, the impending large‐scale deployment of SIBs leads to producing HCs with low‐cost and abundant precursors actively pursued. In this work, the recent progress of preparing HCs from different precursors including biomass, polymers, and fossil fuels is summarized with close attention to the influences of precursors on the structural evolution of HCs. After a brief introduction of the structural features of HCs, the recent understanding of the structure‐performance relationship of HCs for sodium storage is summarized. Then, the main focus is concentrated on the progress of producing HCs from distinct precursors. After that, the pros and cons of HCs derived from different precursors are comprehensively compared to conclude the selection rules of precursors. Finally, the further directions of HCs are deeply discussed to end this review.
Recent Advances in Detection of Hydroxyl Radical by Responsive Fluorescence Nanoprobes
Authors: Alanazi Mazen , Yong Jiaxi , Wu Miaomiao , Zhang Zexi , Tian Dihua , Zhang Run
Published: March 2024

Hydroxyl radical (•OH), a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), is assumed as one of the most aggressive free radicals. This radical has a detrimental impact on cells as it can react with different biological substrates leading to pathophysiological disorders, including inflammation, mitochondrion dysfunction, and cancer. Quantification of this free radical in‐situ plays critical roles in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various disorders, like macrophage polarization and tumor cell development. Luminescence analysis using responsive probes has been an emerging and reliable technique for in‐situ detection of various cellular ROS, and some recently developed •OH responsive nanoprobes have confirmed the association with cancer development. This paper aims to summarize the recent advances in the characterization of •OH in living organisms using responsive nanoprobes, covering the production, the sources of •OH, and biological function, especially in the development of related diseases followed by the discussion of luminescence nanoprobes for •OH detection.
Messung der Schädigung in ermüdungsbeanspruchtem Beton
Authors: Beltrán Raúl , Rodenberg Annalena , Marx Steffen
Published: March 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird der Ansatz verfolgt, dass das Empfangssignal eines Ultraschallimpulses im Bereich von 200 bis 800 kHz in einem herkömmlichen selbstverdichtenden Betonprobekörper sowohl ballistische als auch diffuse Anteile aufweist. Daher ist es notwendig, ein verallgemeinertes analytisches Modell auf der Grundlage der Strahlungstransporttheorie anzuwenden, um den Energietransport elastischer Wellen im Beton realistisch zu beschreiben. Zur Lösung dieses Energietransportproblems wurden sowohl ein analytischer Lösungsansatz als auch ein numerisches Modell vorgestellt. Das numerische Modell wurde mit der Monte‐Carlo‐Methode erstellt. Zur Charakterisierung der Wellenstreuung im Beton wurden die Anfangsenergie E0, die mittlere freie Weglänge ls und die Absorptionslänge la verwendet. Die Ergebnisse an ermüdungsbeanspruchten Probekörpern zeigen, dass der Energietransport über die Versuchsdauer beide Komponenten beibehält, wobei der ballistische Anteil bei der unbeschädigten Probe und der diffuse Anteil bei der stark beschädigten Probe überwiegt. Die Steifigkeitsdegradation während der Ermüdungsversuche wurde anhand bereits bekannter Parameter wie dem statischen und dynamischen E‐Modul sowie den Energietransportparametern E0, ls und la beschrieben.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Rückbau und Wiederverwendung von Spannbetonhohldielen
Authors: Heckmann Michael , Dernbach Aaron , Müller Rebecca , Glock Christian
Published: March 2024

Spannbetonhohldielen weisen als Fertigteile Potenzial zur effizienten Bauteilwiederverwendung im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft auf. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts zur Evaluierung der Rückbau‐ und Wiederverwendbarkeit von Spannbetonhohldielen vorgestellt. Hierzu wurden vergleichende experimentelle Untersuchungen an zuvor unbelasteten als auch definiert belasteten rückgebauten Spannbetonhohldielen durchgeführt. Die Belastung erfolgte über 69 d an einer eigens errichteten Musterdeckenfläche. Bei deren Rückbau stellte sich das nicht beschädigungsfrei mögliche Trennen der konventionell vergossenen Deckenlängsfugen als wesentliche Herausforderung dar. Alternativ betrachtete Ausführungsvarianten der Längsfugen weisen auf einfache Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Rückbaubarkeit hin. In 4‐Punkt‐Biegeversuchen zeigten sowohl vorbelastete rückgebaute als auch nicht vorbelastete Spannbetonhohldielen ein einheitliches Versagensbild. Die vorbelasteten und rückgebauten Hohldielen versagten jedoch unter geringeren Lasten bei kleineren Durchbiegungen. Die Tatsache, dass sämtliche Elemente die Herstellerangaben zur Biegetragfähigkeit überschritten, stützt dennoch die Annahme eines hohen Wiederverwendungspotenzials von Spannbetonhohldielen.
Ho3+‐doped BaGd2ZnO5 green‐emitting phosphor for solid‐state lighting: synthesis, characterization, and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Ayoub Irfan , Kumar Vijay
Published: March 2024

In this work, we present the synthesis of a green‐emitting series of BaGd2ZnO5:xHo3+ (0.5–3 mol%) phosphors using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. Phase purity and crystal structure information were evaluated through X‐ray powder diffraction patterns. Optical properties were examined through diffuse reflectance spectra, revealing that the prepared phosphor exhibited a band gap of 4.65 eV. The effect of Ho3+ doping on the morphology and ion distribution on the surface was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques, respectively. The excitation spectra of the synthesized phosphor exhibited a charge transfer band and strong absorption transitions. The emission spectra displayed typical holmium emission characteristics, featuring a strong green emission band associated with f–f transitions from 5F4 + 2S2 → 5I8. Decay dynamics of the synthesized phosphor exhibited a single‐exponential decay pattern, with lifetimes ranging from 0.103 to 0.053 ms. The intrinsic radiative lifetime, calculated through Auzel's fitting was determined to be 0.14 ms. Using the emission spectra, colorimetric behaviour was analyzed, revealing that the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates exclusively lay within the green region at (0.285, 0.705), with an impressive colour purity of 99.6%. Given these marked properties, the synthesized phosphor exhibits great potential for a wide range of green‐emitting applications, including displays, white light‐emitting diodes, and security signage.
Circular economy startups and digital entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Roshan Ravi , Balodi Krishna Chandra , Datta Sagnika , Kumar Anil , Upadhyay Arvind
Published: March 2024

Circular economy (CE) is the way forward to protect an endangered environment, promote social justice, and advance sustainable and balanced regional economic development. The proliferation of the CE concept and the circular startup (CSU) boom coincides with digital transformation, a socioeconomic change propelled by the widespread adoption of digital technologies. This paper uses a systems theory perspective to study the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem's (DEE) role in CSU formation. Fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to empirically explore the configurational recipes for the presence and absence of a high CSU formation rate. The results reveal that for a high CSU formation, DEE elements, such as digital protection and access, act as critical drivers, while other DEE elements take on a supportive role. The findings also show the complementarity effects, substitution effects, and neutral permutations of DEE elements among the configurations.
A duoethnographic exploration of relational psychotraumatology: Research, training and practice considerations
Authors: Charura Divine , Smith Penn
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Using a duoethnological approach, supported by relational trauma theories, this paper synthesises idiosyncratic formulations and perspectives of working with relational trauma.

Aim

Initially, focus is centred on reflecting on the authors' research with different and diverse groups. These include in‐reach rehabilitation and recovery services for people with profound and enduring mental health needs, as well as experiences of trauma, loss, grief and post‐traumatic growth of sanctuary seekers.

Method

Duoethnography, which is a collaborative research methodology that promotes introspection and critical reflexivity in researchers, was followed for over a year, and this provided rich data, which were analysed.

Results

Duoethnological dialogue offered rich data, which was conceptualised into four themes, which are presented and elaborated on: (i) the importance of the therapists acknowledging and witnessing meaning‐making with those who present with relational trauma and engaging with the evolving process of remembering, repeating and working through their trauma; (ii) the importance of therapists clarifying the aim or function of therapy from their modality; (iii) the importance of the idiosyncratic experiencing and processing of relational trauma; and (iv) the importance of the dynamic process and diversity of possible stages in working through relational trauma.

Discussion

These themes support an argument for a praxis of relational trauma and exploration of different approaches that may be helpful in therapeutic practice, training and psychotraumatology research.

Conclusions

The paper concludes with reflections on how a human rights trauma‐informed approach entails facilitating hope in trauma work and offers recommendations for psychotraumatology therapeutic practice and trauma‐informed training.
The importance of examining both the amount and balance of social support: A study on the relationship between social support and subjective well‐being of older Japanese adults
Authors: Tham Yukari Jessica , Okamoto Shohei , Kobayashi Erika
Published: March 2024

Previous studies have highlighted that the balance between social support individuals receive and that they provide plays a crucial role in their well‐being. However, these studies predominantly focused on the balance without distinguishing situations where individuals receive and provide abundant support from situations where they receive and provide limited support. The present research emphasizes the importance of concurrently considering the amount and balance of social support. With this goal, we compared models focusing solely on balance to those considering both amount and balance, utilizing data from older Japanese adults (n = 1,324). The models focusing solely on balance yielded mixed findings: positive relationships between balance and subjective well‐being emerged only when variables indicating balance were created in a particular manner. In contrast, the models examining both amount and balance provided more reliable and comprehensive insights. First, the amount of support received and provided independently had a positive relationship with subjective well‐being. Second, balance was not related to subjective well‐being: individuals receiving or providing abundant support (i.e., unbalanced) reported similar levels of well‐being to those receiving and providing abundant support (i.e., balanced). Furthermore, they reported higher levels of well‐being than those receiving and providing limited support (i.e., balanced).
OxLDL enhances procoagulant activity of endothelial cells by TMEM16F‐mediated phosphatidylserine exposure
Authors: Yan Meishan , Wang Zelong , An Yao , Li Zhanni , Li Yun , Zhang Hongyu , Li Caixia , Wang Lifeng , Chen Li , Gao Chao , Wang Dongsheng , Gao Chunyan
Published: March 2024

Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a key component in atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, is a risk factor for atherothrombosis in dyslipidemia, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used oxLDL‐induced human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice as a hyperlipidemia model. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, cytosolic Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation were measured by flow cytometer. TMEM16F expression was detected by immunofluorescence, western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Procoagulant activity (PCA) was measured by coagulation time, intrinsic/extrinsic factor Xase, and thrombin generation. We found that oxLDL‐induced PS exposure and the corresponding PCA of HAECs were increased significantly compared with control, which could be inhibited over 90% by lactadherin. Importantly, TMEM16F expression in oxLDL‐induced HAECs was upregulated by enhanced intracellular Ca2+ concentration, ROS, and lipid peroxidation, which led to PS exposure. Meanwhile, the knockdown of TMEM16F by short hairpin RNA significantly inhibited PS exposure in oxLDL‐induced HAECs. Moreover, we observed that HFD‐fed mice dramatically increased the progress of thrombus formation and accompanied upregulated TMEM16F expression by thromboelastography analysis, FeCl3‐induced carotid artery thrombosis model, and western blot. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TMEM16F‐mediated PS exposure may contribute to prothrombotic status under hyperlipidemic conditions, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of thrombosis in hyperlipidemia.
An unusual presentation of subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma: Extensive necrosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report
Authors: Loukhnati Mehdi , Khalil Khaoula , Lahlimi Fatima Ezzahra , Tazi Illias
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical message

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma, a primary cutaneous lymphoma, which is described as following a slow course, could claim life. The occurrence of facial and breast nodules, the association with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the extent of necrosis and ulceration are signs of its aggressive nature needing early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare skin disease that accounts for <1% of all peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. It is described as following a slow and gradual process. However, it can be associated with a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare and potentially fatal hematologic factor that complicates SPTCL in 20% of cases, is an important prognostic factor. We report here an aggressive case of disseminated SPTCL with HLH involving a young woman who presented with extensive necrosis and ulceration at diagnosis. The report highlights the aggressive course of the disease, the occurrence of facial and breast nodules, the association with HLH, and the extent of necrosis and ulceration. The report highlights the poor prognosis despite polychemotherapy regimen use.
Do maxillary dentures protect the skull base from penetration injury?
Authors: Hino Shunsuke , Iijima Yosuke , Mochizuki Shuto , Nakayama Nami , Yamada Miki , Horie Norio , Kaneko Takahiro
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Foreign bodies penetrating from the oral cavity can damage surrounding tissues. This case is considered an extremely rare and fortunate instance in which a maxillary denture appeared to weaken the external force and change the direction of the scissors, preventing damage to vital organs.

The patient was a 73‐year‐old man. While on a ladder pruning a plant, he accidentally fell. The gardening scissors passed through the maxillary sinus from the maxillary alveolus and penetrated below the zygomatic arch. At the time of injury, the patient was wearing a metal‐frame denture on the maxilla, and contact between the cutting edge and the denture was speculated to have weakened the piercing force of the blade and changed the direction of the cutting edge. This extremely rare case demonstrates how a maxillary denture could reduce the severity of a penetrating injury caused by scissors.
Radioligand therapy (RLT) used to treat cardiac metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Ved Kieran J. , Bhatt Arjun , Burke Aidan M. , Larkins Michael C. , Pandya Dishita , Marcu Constantin B.
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Radioligand Therapy (RLT) in the form of [177Lu] Lu‐DOTA‐TATE (Lutathera®) is a promising treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) with cardiac metastasis. We present a patient treated with [177Lu] Lu‐DOTA‐TATE that showed shrinkage of metastasis after four treatments at 7.4 GBq every 8 weeks.
The Impact of the Ratio Between Stronger and Weaker Acid Sites on the Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural from Monosaccharides
Authors: Vieira José Lucas , Alves Santos Érick , Ribeiro Caue , Gallo Jean Marcel R.
Published: March 2024

Sulfonated carbons and commercial Amberlyst 15 and 45 served as model catalysts to explore the impact of the ratio between stronger and weaker acid sites (NS/NW) on 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural production from fructose and xylose. Catalysts with varying structural and surface properties, and consequently different NS/NW ratios, were prepared from diverse templated mesoporous carbons and distinct sulfonation methods. HMF or furfural yields exhibited an exponential correlation with the NS/NW ratio. However, the catalytic activity per site (TON) displayed a volcano‐like plot, reaching a maximum between NS/NW=2–4. Consequently, our findings suggest the involvement of both strong (sulfonic acid) and weak acid (surface carboxylic acid, alcohol, and phenol groups) sites in monosaccharide dehydration mechanisms. These insights may guide the development of novel catalysts.
Electrochemical and Optical Spectroscopic Probing of Transition‐Sized Au130(SR)50 Nanoclusters
Authors: Du Xiangsha , Zhang Xinwen , Ma Hedi , Zhou Meng , Higaki Tatsuya , Wang Gangli , Wang He , Jin Rongchao
Published: March 2024

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) exhibit a quantized conduction band, hence, a distinct HOMO‐LUMO gap (Eg). Such a quantized electronic structure gives rise to multiple discrete peaks in the optical absorption spectrum of the NCs. As the size grows to 130 gold atoms (Au130 protected by ligands), electrical charging and optical behaviors seem to show certain metal‐like features (hence, transition‐sizes). To probe such behaviors, especially the potential ligand effect, we have devised the synthesis of Au130 NCs protected by phenylethanethiolate and naphthalenethiolate, respectively, with the former having a nonconjugated separation between the aromatic molecular group and the metal core while the latter being in direct bonding. A careful comparison of these two Au130 nanoclusters with the earlier reported analogues is carried out, including the structurally characterized Au130(pMBT)50 and the aqueous counterpart. While all of these nanoclusters possess the same 80 free electron counts in the core, some notable differences in electrochemical and optical properties are found, which are attributed to the ligand effects. The obtained insights may stimulate further interest in the transition‐sized nanoclusters and also promote their applications in optics, energy conversion, and biomedicine.
A GFP Inspired 8‐Methoxyquinoline–Derived Fluorescent Molecular Sensor for the Detection of Zn2+ by Two–Photon Microscopy
Authors: Csomos Attila , Madarász Miklós , Turczel Gábor , Cseri Levente , Bodor Andrea , Matuscsák Anett , Katona Gergely , Kovács Ervin , Rózsa Balázs , Mucsi Zoltán
Published: March 2024

An effective, GFP‐inspired fluorescent Zn2+ sensor is developed for two–photon microscopy and related biological application that features an 8‐methoxyquinoline moiety. Excellent photophysical characteristics including a 37‐fold fluorescence enhancement with excitation and emission maxima at 440 nm and 505 nm, respectively, as well as a high two–photon cross–section of 73 GM at 880 nm are reported. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between the structure and properties was elucidated and explained backed up by DFT calculations, particularly the observed PeT phenomenon for the turn–on process. Biological validation and detailed experimental and theoretical characterization of the free and the zinc–bound compounds are presented.
Influence of Polymer Side Chain Size and Backbone Length on the Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes
Authors: Ulrich Hans F. , Gruschwitz Franka V. , Klein Tobias , Ziegenbalg Nicole , Anh Doan Thi Ngoc , Fujii Shota , Hoeppener Stephanie , Sakurai Kazuo , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen bonds are a versatile tool for creating fibrous, bottlebrush‐like assemblies of polymeric building blocks. However, a delicate balance of forces exists between the steric repulsion of the polymer chains and these directed supramolecular forces. In this work we have systematically investigated the influence of structural parameters of the attached polymers on the assembly behaviour of benzene trisurea (BTU) and benzene tris(phenylalanine) (BTP) conjugates in water. Polymers with increasing main chain lengths and different side chain sizes were prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (TEGA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA). The resulting structures were analyzed using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both BTU and BTP formed fibres with PHEA attached, but a transition to spherical morphologies was observed at degrees of polymerisation (DP) of 70 and above. Overall, the main chain length appeared to be a dominating factor in inducing morphology transitions. Increasing the side chain size generally had a similar effect but mainly impeded any aggregation as is the case of POEGA. Interestingly, BTP conjugates still formed fibres, suggesting that the stronger intermolecular interactions can compensate partially for the steric repulsion.