bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin–Mineral Treatment of ADHD in Adults
Authors: Rucklidge Julia J. , Frampton Chris M. , Gorman Brigette , Boggis Anna
Published: May 2014

Objective: Despite widespread use, there is little data investigating the long-term impact of micronutrients on psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the naturalistic outcome 1-year post-baseline of a randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared micronutrients with placebo in 80 adults with ADHD. Method: All participants were contacted and clinician-rated questionnaires completed. Results: A total of 72 (90%) of the sample participated; although there was significant regression in psychiatric functioning from the end-of-trial on all measures, outcomes remained significantly improved from baseline. Dominant treatment from the end-of-treatment to follow-up was investigated as a mediator of outcome; those staying on the micronutrients performed better than those who switched to medications or discontinued micronutrients. Cost was the most substantial reason why people stopped micronutrient treatment. Conclusion: For the small number of participants who stayed on micronutrients, the benefits conferred through the controlled trial were maintained. The results are limited by small sample, lack of blinding, expectation, and reliance on self-report of symptoms.
Analysing the diffusion and adoption of mobile IT across social worlds
Authors: Nielsen Jeppe Agger , Mengiste Shegaw Anagaw
Published: May 2014

The diffusion and adoption of information technology innovations (e.g. mobile information technology) in healthcare organizations involves a dynamic process of change with multiple stakeholders with competing interests, varying commitments, and conflicting values. Nevertheless, the extant literature on mobile information technology diffusion and adoption has predominantly focused on organizations and individuals as the unit of analysis, with little emphasis on the environment in which healthcare organizations are embedded. We propose the social worlds approach as a promising theoretical lens for dealing with this limitation together with reports from a case study of a mobile information technology innovation in elderly home care in Denmark including both the sociopolitical and organizational levels in the analysis. Using the notions of social worlds, trajectories, and boundary objects enables us to show how mobile information technology innovation in Danish home care can facilitate negotiation and collaboration across different social worlds in one setting while becoming a source of tension and conflicts in others. The trajectory of mobile information technology adoption was shaped by influential stakeholders in the Danish home care sector. Boundary objects across multiple social worlds legitimized the adoption, but the use arrangement afforded by the new technology interfered with important aspects of home care practices, creating resistance among the healthcare personnel.
Cyborg practices: Call-handlers and computerised decision support systems in urgent and emergency care
Authors: Pope Catherine , Halford Susan , Turnbull Joanne , Prichard Jane
Published: May 2014

This article draws on data collected during a 2-year project examining the deployment of a computerised decision support system. This computerised decision support system was designed to be used by non-clinical staff for dealing with calls to emergency (999) and urgent care (out-of-hours) services. One of the promises of computerised decisions support technologies is that they can ‘hold’ vast amounts of sophisticated clinical knowledge and combine it with decision algorithms to enable standardised decision-making by non-clinical (clerical) staff. This article draws on our ethnographic study of this computerised decision support system in use, and we use our analysis to question the ‘automated’ vision of decision-making in healthcare call-handling. We show that embodied and experiential (human) expertise remains central and highly salient in this work, and we propose that the deployment of the computerised decision support system creates something new, that this conjunction of computer and human creates a cyborg practice.
Dynamics of twin boundaries in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Faran E. , Shilo D.
Published: May 2014

Combined experimental and theoretical investigation of discrete twin boundary motion in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys 10M NiMnGa is presented. Motion of individual boundaries is studied through mechanical tests and pulsed magnetic field experiments. Analysis of the experimental results leads to identification of two intrinsic energy barriers that dominate twinning kinetics and possible mechanism for overcoming these barriers. At low velocities, the twinning stress property is dictated by a long range (micrometre scale) periodic potential. At higher rates, a short range (nanometre scale) potential, which is related to the periodicity of the lattice, is responsible for the transition in kinetic behaviour from slower thermally activated to faster athermal motion. These observations enable formulation of different kinetic relations that are valid at different ranges of the driving force. The derived relations show a very good fit to the experimental results, allowing quantitative extraction of fundamental nanoscale properties of the twin boundary.
High temperature oxidation behaviour of yttria ( Y2O3) coated low alloy steel
Authors: Ghosh D. , Mukherjee S. , Das S.
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the effect of yttria (Y2O3) coating on high temperature oxidation behaviour of low alloy 2·25Cr–1Mo steel. The superficial coating is Y2O3, which was prepared for experimental investigation. The isothermal corrosion study of uncoated and coated specimens was carried out in air oxidation environment at 973 K for 8 h. The corrosion rate and reaction kinetics were studied and the post-corroded scales were characterised by SEM, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results clearly indicate that Y2O3 coated specimen improves the high temperature oxidation resistance than uncoated specimen. The improvement of oxidation resistance in presence of Y2O3 coating can be attributed to the modification of grain structure of the scale, changed mechanism of scale growth and enhancement of scale adhesion with the substrate. The detailed mechanism of the oxidation of Y2O3 coated and uncoated specimen is further discussed in this paper.
Investigating the transition time reduction in evaporation of NiCrAlY using EB–PVD
Authors: Hosseini S. H. , Rastegari S. , Mirdamadi S.
Published: May 2014

Thermal barrier coatings have been widely considered owing to increasing efficiency of gas turbine engines. These coatings are often available in ceramic, thermally grown oxide and metallic bond layers. The function of metallic bond layer in these coatings is adhesion improvement and substrate protection. This layer can also be applied for electron beam–physical vapour deposition (EB–PVD). Yet, EB–PVD method cannot control evaporation process to be able to induce a deposit with uniform chemical composition along the coating thickness. The present study investigates composition variation during evaporation process of Ni–20Cr–11Al–0·3Y alloy using computational models and experimental results along with transition time prediction by computational model. To this end, EB–PVD by an electron gun with power of 3 kW in 4–6×10−5 mbar vacuums was used. The results indicated that applying an initial molten pool with a composition similar to that of equilibrium pool (Ni–2Cr–15Al–0·5Y) decreases transition time by 70%.
Investigation of boriding kinetics of AISI D2 steel
Authors: Ortiz-Domínguez M. , Keddam M. , Elias-Espinosa M. , Damián-Mejía O. , Flores-Rentería M. A. , Arenas-Flores A. , Hernández-Ávila J.
Published: May 2014

A diffusion model was suggested to analyse the growth kinetics of Fe2B layers formed on AISI D2 steel by the pack-boriding process. It was used to estimate the boron diffusion coefficients of Fe2B in the temperature range of 1123–1273 K by applying the mass balance equation at the (Fe2B/substrate) interface. The proposed model was validated experimentally at 1253 K for a treatment time of 5 h by comparing the experimental Fe2B layer thickness with the predicted value. Furthermore, the pack-borided AISI D2 steel was characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. A contour diagram describing the evolution of Fe2B layer thickness as a function of the process variables was also proposed. In addition, the boron activation energy for AISI D2 steel was found to be equal to 201·50 kJ mol−1, on the basis of our experimental results.
Effect of cutting speed and CVD multilayer coating on machinability of Inconel 825
Authors: Thakur A. , Gangopadhyay S. , Maity K. P.
Published: May 2014

The current study aims at investigating the effect of cutting speed (51, 84 and 124 m min−1) as well as tool coating deposited using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on machined surface roughness, tool wear characteristics, chip morphology and chip reduction coefficient (ζ) during dry machining of Inconel 825. Turning operation was carried out using ISO P30 uncoated cemented carbide and CVD multilayer coated (TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN) insert with a constant feedrate of 0·198 mm rev−1 and depth of cut of 1 mm. Chip morphology and tool wear were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and optical microscopy. Results indicated CVD multilayer coated tool resulted in more machined surface roughness compare to it uncoated counterpart. However, coated tool demonstrated excellent resistance to crater and flank wear, and decrease in chip reduction coefficient during dry machining of Inconel 825.
Stirring effects on aluminium coatings electrodeposited in ionic liquids
Authors: Choudhary R. K. , Kain V. , Hubli R. C.
Published: May 2014

Aluminium coatings were electrodeposited on Fe9Cr1Mo steel from AlCl3–1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ionic liquid at room temperature and the effect of solution stirring on deposition rate, preferred crystal orientation, surface morphology and roughness have been investigated. Aluminium coating could not be obtained in the unstirred solution for a deposition current density of 20 mA cm−2 or higher. However, vigorous stirring of the bath enabled the deposition at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 or higher, along with a significant increase in coating thickness. On the other hand, roughness of the coating increased at higher stirring speeds. X-ray diffraction measurement showed 26% increase in normalised intensity of (111) reflection on increasing the stirring speed up to 800 rev min−1, whereas the intensity of (200) reflection was found to be decreased by 37%. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the anodised aluminium showed formation of less porous aluminium oxide film.
Effects of hyperthermia induced crystalline aggregation on properties of TiO2 thin films
Authors: Dong G. Z. , Fan H. Q. , Zhu Y. N. , Pan X. B. , Jiang X. B.
Published: May 2014

TiO2 thin films were prepared on fused quartz by using the sol–gel dip coating method followed by annealing. The effects of annealing temperature on the phase transition, crystalline agglomeration, surface topography and optical properties of the TiO2 films were studied. Activation energy of the phase transition from the anatase to rutile phase was estimated about 64 kJ mol−1. Crystallite size did not vary significantly with the annealing temperature, but higher temperature led to the aggregation of nanocrystallines into large particles with wide size distribution due to the surface nucleation (SN) mode gradually replaced the interface nucleation (IN) mode. Both the optical transmittance and band gap of the TiO2 thin films decrease as the annealing temperature increase. The highest optical transmittance over the visible wavelength region was obtained by the film annealed at 800 K, which was composed entirely of anatase phase.
Quantitative measurements of HER2 and phospho-HER2 expression: correlation with pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab
Authors: Cheng Huan , Bai Yalai , Sikov William , Sinclair Natalie , Bossuyt Veerle , Abu-Khalaf Maysa M , Harris Lyndsay N , Rimm David L
Published: May 2014

Background

Preoperative therapy with chemotherapy and the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is valuable for patients with large or locally advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers but traditional methods of measuring HER2 expression do not accurately stratify patients for likelihood of response. Quantitative immunofluorescent approaches have the potential to provide a mathematically continuous measure of HER2. Here we seek to determine whether quantitative measurement of HER2 or phospho-HER2 correlates with likelihood of response to trastuzumab- containing neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

We evaluated core biopsy samples from 27 HER2+ breast cancer patients enrolled in a preoperative clinical trial using trastuzumab, nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin combination therapy (BrUOG BR-211B (NCT00617942)). Tumor core biopsies were taken before initiation of treatment and 9–13 days after patients received "run-in" doses of either single agent trastuzumab or nab-paclitaxel. The AQUA method of quantitative immunofluorescence was used for analysis of in situ protein expression. Patients then received 18 weeks of treatment, followed by surgery to assess pathologic response to the neoadjuvant regimen.

Results

A HER2 score of 2111 by AQUA analysis has been shown to be equivalent to HER2 3+ by immunohistochemical staining in previous studies. Of 20 evaluable patients, 10 cases who achieved a pathologic complete response (pathCR) with neoadjuvant treatment had a mean HER2 level of 10251 compared with 4766 in the patients without pathCR (p = 0.0021). Measurement of phospho-HER2 showed no difference in pathCR vs non-pathCR groups. In 9 patients who had HER2 levels repeated after a single treatment with trastuzumab there was no evidence of a reduction in the HER2 or phospho-HER2 levels following that exposure.

Conclusions

High levels of HER2 are associated with achievement of a pathCR in the preoperative setting, while levels of Phospho-HER2 were not predictive of response. This data suggests that accurate measurement of HER2 may help determine the likelihood of response in the pre-surgical setting. Further validation in larger cohorts is required, but this pilot data shows the feasibility of this approach.
Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by Oromo people, Ghimbi District, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Balcha
Published: May 2014

Background

Ethiopia is one of the six centres of biodiversity in the world with several topographies, climatic conditions and various ethnic cultures. Ethnobotanical study is a real and encourageable in rich biological resource areas for medicinal plant identification, documentation, ranking, conservation and sustainable usages. The purpose of this study was to identify the most effective medicinal plants for specific treatment through priority ranking and to assess the status of the transfer of Traditional Botanical Knowledge (TBK) based on age groups and educational levels.

Methodology

Ethnobotanical data were collected using field observation and semi-structured interview, A total of 30 key informants and 165 community members were interviewed and data on medicinal plant species and associated knowledge were recorded, quantified and verified using several preference ranking methods.

Results

The study revealed a total of 49 medicinal plant species (belonging to 31 families and 46 genera) used to treat various human ailments, the majority of which 40 (81.6%) species were collected from wild while the rests from home garden. Herbs constituted the largest growth habit (18 species, 37%) followed by trees (16 species, 32%) and shrubs (15 species, 31%). Leaf `17 (35%) is the plant part widely used followed by root 13 (27%), leafy-stem 5 (10%), and seed 6 (12%). Oral administration was the dominant route (63%), followed by dermal route (22%) and nasal (11%). The highest number of plant species being used for infectious (48%) followed by two or more diseases and non-infectious disease. Of five and seven medicinal plants of preference ranking the highest ranks were given first forCroton macrostaychusused for malaria treatment and forPrunus africanaas ‘’rare” for immediate collection and use in the traditional treatment. Significantly higher average number of medicinal plants (p < 0.05) were reported by informants of higher institution (14.3 ± 34) and adult age groups (11.6 ± 43).

Conclusion

The Ghimbi people possess rich ethno-medicinal knowledge. This study can be used as a basis for developing management plans for conservation, sustainable use and drug development.
Dietary flounder skin improves growth performance, body composition, and stress recovery in the juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)
Authors: Hwang Jae-Ho , Rha Sung-Ju , Cho Jae-Kwon , Kim Seon-Jae
Published: May 2014

This study investigated the relationship between flounder skin meal (FSM) and vitamin C in mediating collagen biosynthesis. Based on the vitamin C requirements (150 mg/kg) of the black rockfish (mean body weight 10.05 ± 0.44 g), a vitamin C level of 400 mg/kg was selected, and 0, 5, 10, or 20% of the casein (purified proteins) in the diet was replaced with FSM. The feeding study was conducted for 8 weeks by using 4 experimental groups. The FSM supplementation resulted in improvement in growth performance, decrease of body lipids. Furthermore, it elevated the HDL-cholesterol levels and total protein content, reduced blood lipids, and led to rapid recovery in stress, which confirm the functionality of FSM with high collagen content.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gu Wan-Jie , Tie Hong-Tao , Liu Jing-Chen , Zeng Xian-Tao
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Ultrasound guidance has emerged as an adjunct for central vein catheterization in both adults and children. However, the use of ultrasound guidance for radial arterial catheterization has not been well established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guidance for radial artery catheterization.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ultrasound guidance with other techniques (palpation or Doppler) in adult or pediatric patients requiring radial artery catheterization were included. The primary outcome was first-attempt success.

Results

Seven RCTs enrolling 546 patients met the inclusion criteria, and all the selected trials were considered as at high risk of bias. Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization was associated with an increased first-attempt success (relative risk (RR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 2.35). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 74%). Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization in small children and infants also provided an increased chance for first-attempt success (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.88). Ultrasound guidance further significantly reduced mean attempts to success (weighted mean difference (WMD) −1.13, 95% CI −1.58 to −0.69), mean time to success (WMD −72.97 seconds, 95% CI −134.41 to −11.52), and incidence of the complication of hematoma (RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.41).

Conclusions

Ultrasound guidance is an effective and safe technique for radial artery catheterization, even in small children and infants. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the heterogeneity among the studies.
Hypovitaminosis D and morbidity in critical illness: is there proof beyond reasonable doubt?
Authors: Venkatesh Bala , Nair Priya
Published: May 2014

Vitamin D is recognized to have important actions outside its well-recognized role in musculoskeletal health. These include antimicrobial action, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective properties. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with adverse clinical outcomes have now been widely documented in observational studies in the critically ill. These studies of association, however, do not necessarily imply causation, as vitamin D deficiency may be merely a marker of higher illness severity and consequently poorer outcomes. This issue can be clarified only by undertaking high-quality randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in this vulnerable population.
Serum amyloid P: a systemic regulator of the innate immune response
Authors: Cox Nehemiah , Pilling Darrell , Gomer Richard H
Published: May 2014

The pentraxin SAP reduces neutrophil adhesion to ECM proteins, inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes, attenuates profibrotic macrophages, activates the complement pathway, and promotes phagocytosis of cell debris. Together, these effects of SAP regulate key aspects of inflammation and set a threshold for immune cell activation. Here, we present a review of SAP biology with an emphasis on SAP receptor interactions and how the effect of SAP on monocytes and macrophages has been explored to develop this protein as a therapeutic for renal and lung injuries. We also discuss how there remain many unanswered questions about the role of SAP in innate immunity.
TMEM115 as an integral membrane protein of the Golgi apparatus involved in retrograde transport
Authors: Ong Yan Shan , Tran Ton Hoai Thi , Gounko Natalia V , Hong Wanjin
Published: May 2014

Searching and evaluating the Human Protein Atlas for transmembrane proteins enabled us to identify an integral membrane protein, TMEM115 that is enriched in the Golgi apparatus. Biochemical and cell biological analysis suggests that TMEM115 has 4 candidate transmembrane domains located at the N-terminal region. Both the N- and C-terminal domains are oriented towards the cytoplasm. Immunofluoresence analysis supports that TMEM115 is enriched in the Golgi cisternae. Functionally, TMEM115 knockdown or overexpression delays Brefeldin-A induced Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, phenocopying cells with mutations or silencing of the COG complex. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro binding experiments reveals that TMEM115 interacts with COG complex, and may self-interact to form dimers or oligomers. A short region (residues 206–229) immediately to the C-terminal side of the 4th transmembrane domain is both necessary and sufficient for Golgi targeting. Knockdown of TMEM115 also reduces the binding of lectins PNA and HPA, suggesting an altered O-linked glycosylation profile. These results establish that TMEM115 is a novel integral membrane protein of the Golgi stack regulating Golgi-ER retrograde transport and is likely part of the machinery of the COG complex.
DNA polymerase alpha interacts with PrSet7 and mediates H4K20 monomethylation in Drosophila
Authors: Sahashi Ritsuko , Crevel Gilles , Pasko Jaroslaw , Suyari Osamu , Nagai Rika , Saura Mario Martinez , Yamaguchi Masamitsu , Cotterill Sue
Published: May 2014

In human cells appropriate mono-methylation of histone H4 lysine20 by PrSet7/SET8 is important for the correct transcription of specific genes, and timely progression through the cell cycle. Over-methylation appears to be prevented through the interaction of PrSet7 with PCNA, which targets PrSet7 destruction via the CRL4cdt2 pathway, however the factors involved in positive regulation of its histone methylation remain undefined.

Here we present biochemical and genetic evidence for a previously undocumented interaction between dPrSet7 and DNA polymerase-alpha in Drosophila. Depletion of the polymerase reduces H4K20 mono-methylation suggesting that it is required for the expression of dPrSet7 histone methylation activity. We also show that the interaction between PCNA and PrSet7 is conserved in Drosophila, but is only detectable in chromatin fractions. Consistent with this, S2 cells show a significant loss of chromatin bound dPrSet7 protein as S phase progresses.

Based on these data we suggest that interaction with the DNA polymerase represents an important route for the expression of PrSet7 histone methylase activity, by allowing loading of dPrSet7 onto chromatin or its subsequent activation.
Cellular micro-environments reveal defective mechanosensing responses and elevated YAP signaling in LMNA-mutated muscle precursors
Authors: Bertrand Anne T , Ziaei Simindokht , Ehret Camille , Duchemin Hélène , Mamchaoui Kamel , Bigot Anne , Mayer Michèle , Quijano-Roy Susana , Desguerre Isabelle , Lainé Jeanne , Ben Yaou Rabah , Bonne Gisèle , Coirault Catherine
Published: May 2014

The mechanisms underlying cell response to mechanical forces are critical for muscle development and functionality. We aim to determine whether mutations of the LMNA gene causing congenital muscular dystrophy impair the ability of muscle precursors to sense tissue stiffness and to respond to mechanical challenge. We found that LMNA-mutated myoblasts (LMNA) embedded in soft matrix did not align along the gel axis whereas control myoblasts did. LMNA myoblasts were unable to tune their cytoskeletal tension to the tissue stiffness as attested by inappropriate cell-matrix adhesion sites and cytoskeletal tension in soft versus rigid substrates or after mechanical challenge. Importantly, in soft 2D and/or static 3D conditions, LMNA myoblasts demonstrated enhanced activation of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) signaling pathway that was paradoxically reduced after cyclic stretch. SiRNA-mediated downregulation of YAP reduced adhesion and actin stress fibers in LMNA myoblasts. This is the first demonstration that human myoblasts with LMNA mutations have mechanosensing defects through a YAP-dependent pathway. In addition, our data emphasize the crucial role of biophysical attributes of cellular microenvironment to the response of mechanosensing pathways in lamin A/C mutated myoblasts.
Peptide-independent stabilization of MHC class I molecules breaches cellular quality control*
Authors: Hein Zeynep , Uchtenhagen Hannes , Abualrous Esam Tolba , Saini Sunil Kumar , Janßen Linda , Van Hateren Andy , Wiek Constanze , Hanenberg Helmut , Momburg Frank , Achour Adnane , Elliott Tim , Springer Sebastian , Boulanger Denise
Published: May 2014

The intracellular trafficking of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins is directed by three quality control mechanisms that test for their structural integrity, which is correlated to the binding of high-affinity antigenic peptide ligands. To investigate which molecular features of MHC-I these quality control mechanisms detect, we have followed the hypothesis that suboptimally loaded MHC-I are characterized by their conformational mobility in the F pocket region of the peptide binding site. We have created a novel variant of an MHC-I protein, Kb-Y84C, in which two alpha helices in this region are linked by a disulfide bond that mimics the conformational and dynamic effects of bound high-affinity peptide. Kb-Y84C shows a remarkable increase in the binding affinity to its light chain, β2m, and bypasses all three cellular quality control steps. Our data demonstrate that coupling between peptide and β2m binding to the MHC-I heavy chain is mediated by conformational dynamics, that support of the folded conformation of MHC-I by β2m plays a decisive role in passing the ER to cell surface transport quality controls, and that β2m association is also tested by the cell surface quality control that leads to MHC-I endocytosis.
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated STIM1 oligomerization requires intact mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake
Authors: Deak A. T. , Blass S. , Khan M. J. , Groschner L. N. , Waldeck-Weiermair M. , Hallström S. , Graier W. F. , Malli R.
Published: May 2014

Mitochondria contribute to cell signaling by controlling store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is activated by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereupon the stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) forms oligomers, redistributes to ER-plasma membrane junctions, and opens plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Mechanisms by which mitochondria interfere with the complex process of SOCE are insufficiently clarified. In this study we used a shRNA approach to investigate the direct involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering in SOCE. We demonstrate that knock-down of two proteins that are essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, either the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), results in decelerated STIM1 oligomerization and impaired SOCE following cell stimulation with an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-generating agonist. Upon artificially augmented cytosolic Ca2+-buffering or ER Ca2+ depletion by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitors, STIM1 oligomerization did not rely on intact mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. However, MCU-dependent mitochondrial sequestration of Ca2+ entering through the SOCE pathway was essential to prevent slow deactivation of SOCE. Our findings show a stimulus-specific contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake to the SOCE machinery likely by shaping cytosolic Ca2+ micro-domains.
Synthesis of Poly(1,2-phenyleneethynylene-1,2-phenylenevinylene) Bearing Phenol Residues and Forming Ability of the Folded Helical Conformation
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Togashi Yuta , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki
Published: May 2014

5,4′-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-ethynyl-2′-iodostilbene was synthesized and polymerized by the Sonogashira reaction to give the corresponding regioregular head-to-tail poly(1,2-phenyleneethynylene-1,2-phenylenevinylene). The polymer was converted to the corresponding hydroxy polymer after complete elimination of the protecting acetyl group by treatment with an alkaline solution. It was found that the folded helical conformation was preferred for the polymer containing the poly(1,2-phenylenevinylene) structure upon addition of methanol to the chloroform solution owing to the solvophobic interaction.
The Ayyubid Orogen: An Ophiolite Obduction-Driven Orogen in the Late Cretaceous of the Neo-Tethyan South Margin
Authors: Şengör A.M. Celâl , Stock Joann
Published: May 2014

A minimum 5000-km long obduction-driven orogeny of medial to late Cretaceous age is located between Cyrenaica in eastern Libya and Oman. It is herein called the Ayyubid Orogen after the Ayyubid Empire that covered much of its territory. The Ayyubid orogen is distinct from other Alpide orogens and has two main parts: a western, mainly germanotype belt and an eastern mainly alpinotype belt. The germanotype belt formed largely as a result of an aborted obduction, whereas the alpinotype part formed as a result of successful and large-scale obduction events that choked a nascent subduction zone. The mainly germanotype part coincides with Erich Krenkel's Syrian Arc (Syrischer Bogen) and the alpinotype part with Ricou's  Peri-Arabian Ophiolitic Crescent (Croissant Ophiolitique péri-Arabe). These belts formed as a consequence of the interaction of one of the now-vanished Tethyan plates and Afro-Arabia. The Africa-Eurasia relative motion has influenced the orogen's evolution, but was not the main causative agent. Similar large and complex obduction-driven orogens similar to the Ayyubids may exist along the Ordovician Newfoundland/Scotland margin of the Caledonides and along the Ordovician European margin of the Uralides.SOMMAIREEntre la Cyrénaïque dans l'est de la Libye et Oman, se trouve un ceinture orogénique d’au moins 5 000 km de longueur créé par obduction au Crétacé moyen et tardif.  Nous le nommons ici l’orogène ayyoubide d’après l'empire ayyoubide qui couvrait une grande partie de son territoire.  L'orogène ayyoubide qui est distincte des autres orogènes alpides, comporte deux parties principales : une bande occidentale, principalement germanotype, et une bande orientale principalement alpinotype.  La bande germanotype s’est formée en grande partie à la suite d'une obduction avortée, tandis que la partie alpinotype s’est formée par des épisodes d’obduction à grande échelle qui ont étranglé une zone de subduction naissante.  La partie principalement germanotype coïncide avec l’arc syrien d’Erich Krenkel (Syrischer Bogen), alors que la partie alpinotype correspond au croissant ophiolitique péri-Arabe de Ricou (Croissant ophiolitique péri-Arabe).  Ces bandes se sont formées par l'interaction de l'une des plaques de la Téthys, maintenant disparues, avec l’Afro-Arabie.  Le mouvement relatif Afrique-Eurasie a influencé l'évolution de l'orogène, mais ça n’a pas été le principal facteur.  Des orogènes grandes et complexes résultant de mécanismes d’obduction similaires à l’orogène Ayyoubide peuvent exister le long de la marge des Calédonides de l'Ordovicien de Terre-Neuve/Écosse et le long de la marge européenne des Uralides de l'Ordovicien.
Ode to Field Geology of Williams: Fleur de Lys Nectar Still Fermenting on Belle Isle
Authors: De Wit Maarten J. , Armstrong Richard
Published: May 2014

Throughout the 1960s, Hank Williams put Newfoundland on the proverbial global map as one of the most complete cross-sections of the Appalachian Orogen, and he became a champion attractor to this unique geological laboratory. By the end of the 1960s, Williams, together with Bob Stevens, had mapped the rocks of Belle Isle in the treacherous waters north of the Long Range Peninsula, and suggested their siliciclastic rocks were equivalent to those of the Fleur de Lys type sections on the Burlington Peninsula some 200 km away across White Bay, and by implication that the underlying Laurentian basement on Belle Isle should have its counterpart there too. New U–Pb geochronology on zircon from two samples of possible basement to the Fleur de Lys Supergroup is presented here. These data verify unequivocally the wisdom of the original suggestions based on dedicated field work. The new data also provide evidence that by the earliest Ordovician (ca. 483 Ma), high pressure-low temperature metamorphism at depths in excess of 30 km occurred in Fleur de Lys Supergroup domains. The tectonic implications of these findings are explored, and from this it emerges that only new mapping integrated with high-resolution geochronology and thermochronology are required, both on Belle Isle and in the Fleur de Lys Supergroup, to advance beyond the standards set by Hank Williams.SOMMAIRETout au long des années 1960, Hank Williams aura mis Terre-Neuve sur la carte mondiale comme étant le lieu de l'une des coupes géologiques les plus complètes de la chaîne de l’orogène des Appalaches, devenant ainsi un attracteur incontournable pour ce laboratoire géologique unique.  À la fin des années 1960, Bob Stevens et lui avaient cartographié les rochers de Belle-Isle, dans les eaux traîtresses du nord de la péninsule de Long Range, et proposé que leurs roches siliciclastiques étaient l’équivalent de celles des sections des coupes types Fleur de Lys sur le péninsule Burlington, quelques 200 km au delà des eaux de White Bay, et en conséquence, que le sous-sol des Laurentides sous-jacent à Belle-Isle devrait avoir sa contrepartie là aussi.  Une nouvelle datation géochronologique U–Pb sur zircon sur deux échantillons,  potentiels du substratum du supergroupe de Fleur de Lys, est présentée ici.  Ces données corroborent sans équivoque la sagesse des suggestions originales basées sur un travail de terrain méticuleux.  Les nouvelles données fournissent aussi la preuve qu’au tout début de l’Ordovicien (env. 483 Ma), qu’un métamorphisme de haute pression et de basse température a sévi à des profondeurs de plus de 30 kilomètres dans les domaines du supergroupe de Fleur de Lys.  Les implications tectoniques de ces résultats sont considérées, et de cela il se dégage que seule une nouvelle cartographie intégrée à une géochronologie et une thermochronologie de haute résolution, tant sur Belle-Isle et dans le supergroupe de Fleur de Lys, pourront permettre d’ajouter aux résultats obtenus par Hank Williams.
Selling vs. Profiling: Optimizing the Offer Set in Web-Based Personalization
Authors: Johar Monica , Mookerjee Vijay , Sarkar Sumit
Published: May 2014

We study the problem of optimally choosing the composition of the offer set for firms engaging in web-based personalization. A firm can offer items or links that are targeted for immediate sales based on what is already known about a customer's profile. Alternatively, the firm can offer items directed at learning a customer's preferences. This, in turn, can help the firm make improved recommendations for the remainder of the engagement period with the customer. An important decision problem faced by a profit maximizing firm is what proportion of the offer set should be targeted toward immediate sales and what proportion toward learning the customer's profile. We study the problem as an optimal control model, and characterize the solution. Our findings can help firms decide how to vary the size and composition of the offer set during the course of a customer's engagement period with the firm. The benefits of the proposed approach are illustrated for different patterns of engagement, including the length of the engagement period, uncertainty in the length of the period, and the frequency of the customer's visits to the firm. We also study the scenario where the firm optimizes the size of the offer set during the planning horizon. One of the most important insights of this study is that frequent visits to the firm's website are extremely important for an e-tailing firm even though the customer may not always buy products during these visits.
Why Do Salespeople Spend So Much Time Lobbying for Low Prices?
Authors: Simester Duncan , Zhang Juanjuan
Published: May 2014

In business-to-business settings a company's sales force often spends considerable time lobbying internally for authorization to charge lower prices. These internal lobbying activities are time consuming, and divert attention from other tasks, such as interacting with customers. We explain why internal lobbying activities serve an important role. They help the firm elicit truthful reporting of demand information from the sales force. As a result, it may be profitable for the firm to require lobbying (and make the requirement onerous), even though lobbying is a nonproductive activity that creates an additional administrative burden and imposes a deadweight loss.
The Elevator Trip Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Problem
Authors: Kuusinen Juha-Matti , Sorsa Janne , Siikonen Marja-Liisa
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the passenger counts for the origin-destination pairs of a particular single transit route called elevator trip. Assuming that passengers first alight and then board a stopping elevator, we can define an elevator trip as successive stops in one direction of travel with passengers inside the elevator. The elevator trip origin-destination passenger counts, i.e., elevator trip origin-destination matrices, estimated for a given time interval can be combined into a building origin-destination matrix that describes the passenger flow between every pair of floors in the building during that interval. The building origin-destination matrices of successive intervals form traffic statistics that can be used to forecast passenger traffic. The forecasts model the uncertainties related to future passengers, and need to be taken into account in elevator dispatching to make robust dispatching decisions in constantly changing traffic conditions. Many methods exist for estimating an origin-destination matrix for a single transit route such as a bus line. These methods estimate average origin-destination passenger counts from observations made during a given time period on the same route. Because an elevator trip is request driven, there may not be two similar elevator trips even within a day. This means that we need to estimate a separate origin-destination matrix for each elevator trip. A natural requirement then is that the estimated origin-destination passenger counts are integer valued. We formulate the elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problem as a box-constrained integer least squares problem, and present branch-and-bound-based algorithms for finding all solutions to the problem. The performance of the algorithms with respect to execution time is studied based on numerical experiments. The results show that the formulation and the algorithms are fast enough for solving elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problems in a real elevator group control application.
Presentation and persuasion: the meaning of evidence in Irish green infrastructure policy
Authors: Lennon Mick
Published: May 2014

This paper examines how meaning making influences the content and currency of the evidence used to shape and support policy proposals. It does this by answering three linked questions: (1) How does context influence the forms of evidence employed in policy advocacy? (2) What practices are initiated by reference to the perceived need for evidence in policy formulation? (3) What effects do these practices have on the location of power within policy debates? These questions are answered and illustrated by examining how agents managed their relationship with the evidence they presented in promoting ‘green infrastructure’ land use policy in Ireland.
The value of words: narrative as evidence in policy making
Authors: Epstein Dmitry , Farina Cynthia , Heidt Josiah
Published: May 2014

Policy makers today rely primarily on technical data as their basis for decision making. Yet, there is a potentially underestimated value in substantive reflections of the members of the public who will be affected by a particular regulation. Viewing professional policy makers and professional commenters as a community of practice, we describe their limited shared repertoire with the lay members of the public as a significant barrier to participation. Based on our work with Regulation Room, we offer an initial typology of narratives – complexity, contributory context, unintended consequences, and reframing – as a first step towards overcoming conceptual barriers to effective civic engagement in policy making.
Uses of evidence in local cultural policy: performance, legitimation, problem representation, and learning in two Australian municipalities
Authors: Blomkamp Emma
Published: May 2014

Taking an interpretive approach to evidence-based policy, this article illustrates the rhetorical and situated uses of evidence in two case studies of local cultural policy. Broadly defined as policyrelevant knowledge, evidence is selectively used by council officers in the development, delivery, and evaluation of arts programmes at two Australian municipalities. This article identifies four main uses of evidence in this context: rituals of accountability, advocacy, programme design, and improving practice. A narrow definition of evidence as scientific data or research would fail to account for the broad range of knowledge that informs the practice of local cultural policy.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Franklin Kathryn , Léger Marc James , Fisher Jennifer , Drobnick Jim , Suslau Dzmitry , Parke Elizabeth , Peters Lauren Downing , Humphrey Callie
Published: May 2014

GLAM! THE PERFORMANCE OF STYLE Curated by Darren Pih, exhibited at Tate Liverpool, 8 February–12 May 2013, Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, 14 June–22 September 2013, and Lentos Kunstmuseum Linz, 19 October 2013–2 February 2014.

DAVID TOMAS, CONSIGNED FOR AUCTION Artexte, Montreal, 7 September–26 October 2013; 31 October 2013–11 January 2014

55th VENICE BIENNALE Il Palazzo Enciclopedico, curated by Massimiliano Gioni, along with 88 national pavilions and 47 collateral exhibitions, Venice, 1 June–24 November 2013

ART ON THE UNDERGROUND: CONTEMPORARY ART PROGRAMME ON THE TUBE 15 for 150 and other site-specific projects, various curators led by director Tamsin Dillon, locations throughout the London Underground, June 2013 – ongoing

YANG FUDONG, NEW WOMEN Curated by Noah Cowan and Davide Quadrio, commissioned by the Toronto International Film Festival as part of A Century of Chinese Cinema, TIFF Bell Lightbox, Toronto, 7 June – 11 August 2013

DAVID BOWIE IS Curated by Geoffrey Marsh and Victoria Broackes, organized by the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 23 March – 11 August 2013. Travelling to the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 25 September – 27 November 2013, and other locations.

ARTE DE CONTRADICCIONES. POP, REALISMOS Y POLÍTICA. BRASIL-ARGENTINA 1960 Curated by Rodrigo Alonso and Paulo Herkenhoff, Fundación Proa, Buenos Aires, 14 July – 16 September 2012
Activist Photo Spaces: ‘Situation Awareness’ and the Exhibition of the Building Workers Unions
Authors: Rocco Vanessa
Published: May 2014

This article aims to demonstrate how the exhibition form and content created a powerful dialectic in the Exhibition of the Building Workers Unions (Berlin, 1931). Interactive display techniques designed by Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy and Walter Gropius supported messages advocating the crucial societal and economic role played by construction-sector labour unions. Designed to promote the system of free trade unions in Germany, the show demonstrated the potential effectiveness of photography as an integral part of a didactic system, choreographed into various displays that combined images with dynamic graphics and informative texts. To foster interest in the material, the artists used audience-involving strategies including startling viewpoints, photo-strips mounted on moving laths, and touch stations that would beckon the viewer. Taken together, the techniques constituted one of the boldest inter-war attempts to stimulate viewers through multi-sensory empowerment, and incite collective awareness at a time of immense political stakes.
Comparing deputies’ and voters’ support for Europe: The case of Portugal
Authors: Moury Catherine , de Sousa Luis
Published: May 2014

In this article, we compared and tried to explain deputies’ and voters’ perceptions about various dimensions of European integration. The general assertion that the political elite’s perceptions tend to be more pro-integration finds some support in our analysis, but
the results indicate this difference − in the Portuguese case − is smaller than has been suggested in the mainstream literature. The data also showed citizens are more in favour of enlargement than their representatives are. We also observe these assertions hold true only for the
deputies of the three parties with experience of government. Finally, we try to explain the divide between a voter and their deputy’s position on European integration, and we observed that the main explanatory variable for a narrow divide is political interest and information (which
also explains the voters’ probability of having an opinion).
Enlargement of Mitral Valve Ring in a Young Woman with Severe Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch
Authors: Attisani Matteo , Pellegrini Augusto , Sorrentino Paolo , Rinaldi Mauro
Published: May 2014

Mechanical prosthesis is the first choice for valve replacement at the mitral position in children. Replacement of the original prosthesis because of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) is almost inevitable when prostheses are implanted in small children. The impact of PPM on long-term mortality becomes significant when the effective orifice area (EOA) is severely reduced. In these cases prosthesis replacement can be technically difficult, and it often requires extended enlargement of the mitral valve annulus ring. We report a case of a woman who underwent a mitral valve replacement with a 19-mm St. Jude mechanical prosthetic valve at the age of 3 years. At the age of 33 years, the patient underwent a successful minimally invasive mitral annulus ring enlargement and implantation of a 23-mm St. Jude mechanical prosthetic valve via a right minithoracotomy.