bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes sociais: possibilidades expandidas para a educação?
Authors: Meirelles Mauro , Stefen César
Published: July 2016

Este artigo busca pensar e avaliar o impacto e a onipresença das redes sociais na sociedade brasileira para, a partir disso, explorar algumas possibilidades que estas têm a oferecer como um lócus ampliado de aprendizagem e interação entre alunos e professores. Objetiva estabelecer um retrato da educação à distância no Brasil e pensar como, estas redes, podem servir a educação tanto presencial como a distância no que tange as suas possiblidades educativas.
O que transmito do que me disseram: narratividade em ambiente midiático
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Bolshaw
Published: July 2016

Apresentam-seaqui os diferentes momentos dos Estudos Narrativos (clássico,estruturalista, mitológico e hermenêutico), destacando alguns deseus conceitos e metodologias, porém constatando sua insuficiênciano que se trata ao estudo das atuais narrativas audiovisuais. Oobjetivo é contrastar os Estudos Narrativos com a Teoria das Mídiasde Harry Pross. Chega-se a conclusão de que é preciso enfatizar osdiferentes contextos de recepção midiática em relação àsnarrativas orais e escritas. E, principalmente, que a própria teoriada mídia pode ser entendida como uma meta narrativa histórica comdois finais possíveis.
Representações do cotidiano em documentários de periferia
Authors: Souza Gustavo
Published: July 2016

Pretendemos debater se a escolha do cotidiano como tema, por parte dos realizadores de cinema e audiovisual de diversas periferias brasileiras, reverte-se em um desdobramento político-discursivo. Para isso, as análises dos documentários escolhidos obedecem à seguinte orientação: como se apreende uma determinada vivência? Como resposta é possível inicialmente apontar: 1) a apropriação da experiência cotidiana e periférica para se reportar diretamente aos meios de comunicação de massa que constroem imagens e imaginários engessados sobre as periferias; 2) o abandono desse tom de resposta explícita para se ocupar do cotidiano periférico por meio de histórias do lugar, pessoas e sociabilidades.
Functional Maturation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Hepatocytes in Extracellular Matrix—A Comparative Analysis of Bioartificial Liver Microenvironments
Authors: Wang Bo , Jakus Adam E. , Baptista Pedro M. , Soker Shay , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Abecassis Michael M. , Shah Ramille N. , Wertheim Jason A.
Published: July 2016

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are new diagnostic and potentially therapeutic tools to model disease and assess the toxicity of pharmaceutical medications. A common limitation of cell lineages derived from iPSCs is a blunted phenotype compared with fully developed, endogenous cells. We examined the influence of novel three-dimensional bioartificial microenvironments on function and maturation of hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPSCs and grown within an acellular, liver-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. In parallel, we also compared a bioplotted poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold that allows for cell growth in three dimensions and formation of cell-cell contacts but is infused with type I collagen (PLLA-collagen scaffold) alone as a “deconstructed” control scaffold with narrowed biological diversity. iPSC-derived hepatocytes cultured within both scaffolds remained viable, became polarized, and formed bile canaliculi-like structures; however, cells grown within ECM scaffolds had significantly higher P450 (CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP1A2) mRNA levels and metabolic enzyme activity compared with iPSC hepatocytes grown in either bioplotted PLLA collagen or Matrigel sandwich control culture. Additionally, the rate of albumin synthesis approached the level of primary cryopreserved hepatocytes with lower transcription of fetal-specific genes, α-fetoprotein and CYP3A7, compared with either PLLA-collagen scaffolds or sandwich culture. These studies show that two acellular, three-dimensional culture systems increase the function of iPSC-derived hepatocytes. However, scaffolds derived from ECM alone induced further hepatocyte maturation compared with bioplotted PLLA-collagen scaffolds. This effect is likely mediated by the complex composition of ECM scaffolds in contrast to bioplotted scaffolds, suggesting their utility for in vitro hepatocyte assays or drug discovery.

Significance

Through the use of novel technology to develop three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the present study demonstrated that hepatocyte-like cells derived via induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology mature on 3D extracellular matrix scaffolds as a result of 3D matrix structure and scaffold biology. The result is an improved hepatic phenotype with increased synthetic and catalytic potency, an improvement on the blunted phenotype of iPSC-derived hepatocytes, a critical limitation of iPSC technology. These findings provide insight into the influence of 3D microenvironments on the viability, proliferation, and function of iPSC hepatocytes to yield a more mature population of cells for cell toxicity studies and disease modeling.
Proyecto de Investigación sobre la recepción del Concilio Vaticano II
Authors: Zolezzi Pb. Tibaldo , Navarro Jessica
Published: July 2016

Este artículo recoge lo más relevante de una investigación realizada por docentes del Instituto de Estudios Teológicos de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. En ocasión de la celebración de loscincuenta años del comienzo de los trabajos del Concilio Vaticano II han querido reconocer, a partir de la percepción de protagonistas de la vida eclesial de las diócesis del sur de Chile, las implicancias de esteConcilio en la vida de la Iglesia Católica  contemporánea. A través de consultas, entrevistas y diálogos se ha logrado determinar aspectos relevantes de la recepción del Vaticano II, de los aciertos y deficiencias que ha tenido la misma, así como también la existencia de aspectos que aún están pendientes de ser acogidos en la vida de la Iglesia
El Concilio Vaticano II: ¿Qué fue? ¿Qué hizo?
Authors: Piñera Bernardino
Published: July 2016

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Entrevista sobre el Concilio Vaticano II
Authors: Salas Ricardo
Published: July 2016

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EDITORIAL
Authors: Zolezzi Cid Tibaldo Gonzalo
Published: July 2016

El Editor presenta el número de la Revista Actas teológicas correspondiente al año 2014 y dedicado a la reflexión del Cocilio Vaticano II, en particular a los desafíos que representan hoy para la vida y misión de la Iglesia.
Articulación y sistematización del sector de orientación en el Liceo Industrial de Temuco
Authors: Saéz Efraín
Published: July 2016

El desarrollo del presente Trabajo de Título permite poner en la práctica los conocimientos construidos, en base a los procesos académicos realizados en la formación pedagógica y orientadora. Lo que sigue, como punto de inicio de esta descripción introductoria, es una mirada preliminar al proceso llevado a cabo para la construcción de este trabajo.
Sesiones sobre el Diálogo Interreligioso
Authors: Silva Sergio
Published: July 2016

El presente Artículo incluye las Sesiones del autor en el XIV Coloquio de Teología realizado en la Universidad por el Instituto de Estudios Teológicos, en el cual se abordaron los desafíos que el diálogo interreligioso plantea a la Evangelización en el contexto de la cultura actual.Para reflexionar y dialogar sobre el tema, el autor plantea tres Sesiones:Primera: Condiciones para un Diálogo auténtico, La acción apostólica de la Iglesia entendida como diálogo.Segunda: Evangelio y Cultura actual: amenazas y oportunidades, una actitud dialogal no condenatoria ante la cultura actual.Tercera: ¿Qué supone hoy la nueva Evangelización desde la Cultura? La Evangelización como acción permanente.
Mi propuesta para el Coloquio. Conferencia inaugural
Authors: Silva Sergio
Published: July 2016

En la conferencia inaugural del XIV Coloquio de Teología, el autor reflexiona sobre las propuestas del Concilio Vaticano II que aun después de varias décadas desafían a la Iglesia para su aplicación. Estos afectan a la vida interna de la Iglesia los que se expresan principalmente en temas eclesiológicos y litúrgicos, pero también al modo en que ella se relaciona con el mundo a través de su misión, la que consiste en llevar el Evangelio a toda cultura para encontrar en ella las semillas del verbo.
El Concilio Vaticano II en diálogo con el mundo. La Constitución Pastoral Gaudium et Spes
Authors: Silva Sergio
Published: July 2016

La Constitución pastoral Gaudium et Spes del Concilio Vaticano II, sigue planteando desafíos al diálogo Iglesia - Mundo, por lo que su difusión y reflexión se convierten en una tarea necesaria y oportuna. Por esta razón el XIV Coloquio de teología ha dedicado un espacio a la reflexión sobre los alcances y retos que este tema propone hoy a la Iglesia y a su labor en un mundo que la desafía constantemente.
Teología y Familia: ¿Cómo se expresa Dios en esta diversidad de configuraciones?
Authors: Corpas de Posada Isabel
Published: July 2016

La realidad interpela a la Iglesia y esta vez desde una de sus expresiones más básicas tal es la familia: iglesia doméstica. Esto se expresa una configuración variada que invita a descubrir la presencia de Dios y su presencia en ella. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre esta realidad.
Los desafíos pastorales de la familia en el contexto de la evangelización: A la espera de una «buena noticia» para las parejas y para las familias
Authors: Corpas de Posada Isabel
Published: July 2016

Las últimas asambleas sinodales han referido a la familia, en este sentido, la reflexión sobre los problemas  y especialemente sobre los desafíos que ofrece a la Iglesia en el context de la Evangelización merecen cada vez más una propuesta de acción y reflexión.
Propuesta de itinerario de acompañamiento para estudiantes embarazadas y padres adolescentes, en torno a la orientación vocacional y proyecto de vida
Authors: Nolasco Mendoza Julia
Published: July 2016

Luego de su práctica profesional en el Liceo municipal de Perquenco que puede ser un modelo de experiencia en el desafío de acompar a adolescentes embarazadas, la autora hace una propuesta de itinerario de acompañamiento para estudiantes embarazadas y padres adolescentes, en torno a la orientación vocacional y proyecto de vida. Incluye la propuesta algunas fichas de trabajo personal y de crecmiento en la conciencia de cuidar la propia vida y la del hijo que está por nacer.
Relación Iglesia Mundo en las experiencias de las primeras comunidades cristianas
Authors: Uriarte Luzio
Published: July 2016

En este escrito pretendemos iluminar esta temática, refiriéndonos a la experiencia que tuvieron las primeras comunidades cristianas en su encuentro con el mundo. Partiremos ubicando el significado de la relación Iglesia-mundo desde la perspectiva de la tarea evangelizadora de la Iglesia, para posteriormente adentrarnos en las diversas formas cómo las primeras comunidades cristianas se plantearon su relación con el mundo y las consecuencias que tuvieron estos planteamientos.
Chaw Ngünechen: perspectiva de Dios Padre en el Pueblo Mapuche
Authors: Huenupi Carlos
Published: July 2016

La vida cotidiana del mapuche está empapada de la presencia del Padre Dios. Sus expresiones de fe dan cuenta de que Chaw Ngünechen es el Único sustento que gobierna la naturaleza. El mapuche que dice Chaw Ngünechen está indicando su procedencia y aceptando que es Dios quien lo ha puesto en este mundo. Por eso que la naturaleza y el mundo son sagrados para el mapuche.
Jubileo en la Novena Región
Authors: Arnaudon Pablo Andrés
Published: July 2016

Muchos han hablado del jubileo hasta ahora. Las opiniones son complementarias y permiten vivir el jubileo, vibrar con él, interpretar y ponerse en camino en pleno conocimiento y conciencia. Por mi parte, mi llegada reciente a la novena región me hace hablar en términos de deseo de vivir y compartir en estos parajes llenos de vivencia, historia, cultura y naturaleza. Me propongo, después de una relectura bíblica, opinar sobre los caminos posibles para vivir plenamente el espíritu del jubileo en el corazón del pueblo de nuestra región.
Una Iglesia con rostro Mapuche
Authors: Huenumilla Audina
Published: July 2016

Como mujer mapuche que ha optado por consagrar su vida al interior de una congregación religiosa, me siento profundamente parte de la lglesia e igualmente, consciente de pertenecer a un Pueblo con una cultura diferente. Pienso que, desgraciadamente, en la lglesia no hemos hecho un esfuerzo real por inculturarnos en las categorías de mi pueblo. La lglesia permanece distante de él en sus expresiones litúrgicas, organizativas y disciplinarias. Por ello, qué le pediría yo a la Iglesia.
Objetivos y líneas de acción para la pastoral Mapuche
Authors: Vicariato Apostólico de la Araucanía Departamento de Pastoral Mapuche
Published: July 2016

El documento que presentamos a continuación contiene la Fundarnentación, la Propuesta pastoral y los objetivos y líneas de acción, del Departamento de Pastoral Mapuche del Vicariato Apostólico de la Araucanía
The Catalytic, Enantioselective Michael Reaction
Authors: Reyes Efraím , Uria Uxue , Vicario Jose L. , Carrillo Luisa
Published: July 2016

The catalytic enantioselective Michael reaction is the conjugate addition of a resonance‐stabilized carbanion to an electron‐poor olefin (an αβ‐unsaturated carbonyl compound or a related derivative) mediated by substoichiometric amounts of a chiral catalyst that enables stereocontrol in the newly generated stereocenter(s). This reaction allows the direct enantioselective construction of substituted 1,5‐dicarbonyl compounds or related architectures through the appropriate selection of the enolizable carbonyl compound employed as pronucleophile and the Michael acceptor. A variety of catalyst architectures have been described that make it possible to carry out this reaction with superior levels of chemical efficiency and high enantio‐ and stereocontrol, and also under conditions that tolerate a wide variety of functional groups. Both transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis have been employed as methodological approaches for carrying out this reaction in an enantioselective manner.

This chapter describes different catalytic systems and methods developed for achieving enantioselective Michael reactions through the end of 2012, including a detailed mechanistic explanation of the different generic modes of substrate activation operating with each type of catalyst and their associated stereochemical aspects. The intention is to provide researchers interested in applying this methodology to their own synthetic strategies with a suitable starting point for identifying an efficient synthetic approach. In addition, the preparation of selected catalysts that are excellent for a particular pairing of substrates in this reaction, together with practical experimental protocols are described and some examples in which these methodologies have been applied to total synthesis have been included. This chapter is limited exclusively to those examples in which the final Michael addition product is obtained after protonation of the conjugate addition intermediate and therefore, tandem, domino, or cascade processes initiated by Michael reactions lie outside the scope of this work.

Supplemental references are provided for articles published after the 2012 cut‐off date through the first half of 2015.
Two interacting X lines in magnetotail: Evolution of collision between the counterstreaming jets
Authors: Alexandrova Alexandra , Nakamura Rumi , Panov Evgeny V. , Sasunov Yury L. , Nakamura Takuma , Vörös Zoltán , Retinò Alessandro , Semenov Vladimir S.
Published: July 2016

We study the process of collision between the counterstreaming jets flowing out from two reconnection sites in the Earth's magnetotail. The X lines, bracketing the region of jets collision, were passing by two Cluster probes successively in tailward direction. Two probes observed two different stages of the collision process. At the jets collision site, a probe first observed an ion‐scale current sheet‐like structure, while the other probe observed more compressed one later. The strong wave activities on both ion and electron scales were seen within the compressed layer. Such evolution of the jets collision resulting in the formation of the compressed boundary between the active X lines shows an example of interaction between the X lines during multiple reconnection.
Focal mechanisms and size distribution of earthquakes beneath the Krafla central volcano, NE Iceland
Authors: Schuler Juerg , Pugh David J. , Hauksson Egill , White Robert S. , Stock Joann M. , Brandsdóttir Bryndís
Published: July 2016

Seismicity was monitored beneath the Krafla central volcano, NE Iceland, between 2009 and 2012 during a period of volcanic quiescence, when most earthquakes occurred within the shallow geothermal field. The highest concentration of earthquakes is located close to the rock‐melt transition zone as the Iceland Deep Drilling Project‐1 (IDDP‐1) wellbore suggests and decays quickly at greater depths. We recorded multiple swarms of microearthquakes, which coincide often with periods of changes in geothermal field operations, and found that about one third of the total number of earthquakes are repeating events. The event size distribution, evaluated within the central caldera, indicates average crustal values withb= 0.79 ± 0.04. No significant spatialb value contrasts are resolved within the geothermal field nor in the vicinity of the drilled melt. Besides the seismicity analysis, focal mechanisms are calculated for 342 events. Most of these short‐period events have source radiation patterns consistent with double‐couple (DC) mechanisms. A few events are attributed to non‐shear‐faulting mechanisms with geothermal fluids likely playing an important role in their source processes. Diverse faulting styles are inferred from DC events, but normal faulting prevails in the central caldera. The best fitting compressional and tensional axes of DC mechanisms are interpreted in terms of the principal stress or deformation rate orientations across the plate boundary rift. Maximum compressive stress directions are near‐vertically aligned in different study volumes, as expected in an extensional tectonic setting. Beneath the natural geothermal fields, the least compressive stress axis is found to align with the regional spreading direction. In the main geothermal field both horizontal stresses appear to have similar magnitudes causing a diversity of focal mechanisms.
Autonomous Parachute‐Based Precision Delivery Systems
Authors: Yakimenko Oleg A.
Published: July 2016

Introduction of a ram‐air parafoil possessing the steering and rate‐of‐descent control authority sparked a great interest of using them for autonomous precision payload delivery. A technological revolution of 1990s enabled the usage of relatively inexpensive powerful computer and miniature sensors including Global Positioning System receiver as a part of airborne guidance unit, processing all available data and producing corrective commands in real time. This chapter presents the current state of the art in aerial precision payload delivery starting from the concept of operations and key performance requirements and continuing with an overview of a variety of different‐weight systems that were developed and fielded within the Joint Precision Airdrop System program led by the US Army and US Air Force. Compared to uncontrolled round parachutes, these systems allowed reducing a touchdown error by an order of magnitude. The chapter further describes key elements of modeling of controlled parachute systems and designing guidance, navigation, and control architecture for them. The chapter concludes with presenting some latest developments and cost‐effective alternatives involving traditional parachutes with added limited control authority.
Operational Profiles of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Context of the
US
Regulatory Regime
Authors: Mueller Eric
Published: July 2016

This chapter describes current and future unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations in the context of the regulatory regime that governs their use. Because the uses of UAS are inextricably linked to the ways in which they receive airworthiness and operational approval, it is challenging to understand how UAS are and will be used without an understanding of that regime. The use of a certificate of authorization or waiver process for public entities is described, followed by a review of the airworthiness approval process for civil operators using “Section 333 exemptions.” A description of the long‐standing rules that have been in place for model aircraft hobbyists is also presented. Next, current UAS operations under these regulatory regimes are reviewed. Public and civil uses of UAS are described through examination of the publicly available approvals the FAA has provided, while hobbyist operations are described from a review of tens of thousands of UAS flights uploaded to an online drone community. The chapter identifies three regulatory regimes that have been proposed or are being developed, and then describes the types of operations that could be enabled by one or more of the regimes. These new operations are based on data collection needs for experts in non‐UAS fields rather than missions proposed by those who operate UAS directly.
Standards and Interoperability: A Systems Engineering Perspective
Authors: Yu Andy , Mockus Linas , DeLaurentis Dan
Published: July 2016

As the diversity of aircraft systems seeking integration into the air transportation system grows, interoperability is emerging as a key requirement throughout the design process and life cycle. The growth of UAS applications offers a prime example. While seemingly straightforward, interoperability varies extensively in meaning and context. To paint a clear picture, this chapter will provide a background on the history, concepts, and challenges in interoperability from a systems engineer's perspective. Rather than pursuing a deeply detailed review on interoperability, this chapter will highlight some commonly used standards for unmanned systems and implications of various mechanical, electrical, information, and programming principles. The chapter will also explain various types or levels of interoperability and reflect on their significance to different stakeholders, importance to system requirements, modeling frameworks for future and legacy systems, and criterion for acceptable interoperability practices. While this chapter may focus on UAS, several examples will also reference software, hardware, and policy.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cascade Alkylation and Cyclocondensation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Diazo Esters: Direct Access to Conjugated π‐Systems
Authors: Biswas Aniruddha , Karmakar Ujjwal , Pal Arun , Samanta Rajarshi
Published: July 2016

An inexpensive copper‐catalyzed cascade regioselective alkylation, followed by cyclocondensation of quinoline N‐oxides with α‐diazo esters has been achieved successfully to provide heteroarene‐containing conjugated π‐systems. The developed method is simple, straightforward, and economical with a broad range of substrate scope. The dual role of copper catalyst in the C−H bond functionalization and in Lewis acid‐promoted cyclization was explored.
Trends and disparities in disordered eating among heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents
Authors: Watson Ryan J. , Adjei Jones , Saewyc Elizabeth , Homma Yuko , Goodenow Carol
Published: July 2016

Objective

Disordered eating has decreased for all youth over time, but studies have not focused specifically on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth. Research has found that LGB youth report disordered eating behaviors more often compared to their heterosexual counterparts, but no studies have documented trends over time for LGB youth and considered whether these disparities are narrowing or widening across sexual orientation groups.

Method

We use pooled data from the 1999 to 2013 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (N = 26,002) to investigate trends in purging, fasting, and using diet pills to lose or control weight for heterosexual and sexual minority youth. We used crosstabs, logistic regression, and interactions in regression models, stratified by sex.

Results

The prevalence of disordered eating has decreased on all three measures across nearly all groups of heterosexual and sexual minority youth. However, we found disparities in reported disordered eating behaviors for LGB youth persisted across all survey years, with LGB students reporting significantly higher prevalence of disordered eating than heterosexuals. The disparities in fasting to control weight widened between the first and last survey waves between lesbian adolescents and heterosexual females.

Discussion

The significant reductions over time in prevalence of disordered eating among some youth are encouraging, but the disparities remain. Indeed, the increasing prevalence of fasting, diet pill use, and purging to control weight among lesbians may warrant targeted prevention and intervention programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:22–31)
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of the Photochromism of Bifunctional Derivatives of Cymantrene in Solution and without Solvent
Authors: Kelbysheva Elena S. , Telegina Lyudmila N. , Rodionov Alexey N. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Lokshin Boris V. , Loim Nikolay M.
Published: July 2016

Four monosubstituted cymantrene derivatives (5–8) containing two functional groups (allyl and amide) in a dendritic substituent were synthesized. The irradiation of these compounds with an Hg lamp in solution and under solvent‐free conditions gives two types of dicarbonyl chelates with Mn–olefin or Mn–amide coordination bonds. Olefin chelates (19 and 21) were isolated for the first time, and they undergo reverse photochemical intramolecular isomerization to the amide chelates in solution and as pure liquids. For the first time, it was shown that the photochromism of cymantrene functional derivatives can be observed without the use of a solvent.
A Total Synthesis of (–)‐Nardoaristolone B
Authors: Ople Rohini S. , Handore Kishor L. , Kamat Nidhi S. , Srinivasa Reddy D.
Published: July 2016

A stereoselective total synthesis of (–)‐Nardoaristolone B, a nor‐aristolane sesquiterpenoid natural product with an unusual 3/5/6 tricyclic ring system is described. The highlights of the present work includes use of (+)‐(R)‐Pulegone as a chiral‐pool starting material, ring‐closing metathesis, allylic oxidation and stereoselective cyclopropanation. In addition, a new analogue of Nardoaristolone B (minor product from the final step) was isolated in pure form and fully characterized with the help of single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Eugenyl acetate inhibits growth and virulence factors of drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Syed Musthafa Khadar , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan
Published: July 2016

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram‐negative pathogenic bacterium causing hospital‐acquired infections in immunocompromised patients and leads to high death rates, worldwide. The occurrence of resistance development by the organism to current therapeutic measures necessitates safe and alternative treatment strategy. Eugenyl acetate, an aromatic component of clove essential oil, exhibits various pharmacological activities. Therefore, in this study, as a suitable substitute for existing treatment approaches, we evaluated the prospective of eugenyl acetate as an antibacterial and anti‐virulence agent against drug‐resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compound against the clinical isolates (n = 20) was found to be in the range between 0.05% and 0.4% v/v. In time‐kill assay, eugenyl acetate at 1× MIC retarded the growth of the isolates and inhibited further proliferation. Moreover, a significant inhibition in the growth‐dependent reduction of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide by A. baumannii was observed upon treatment with eugenyl acetate, compared with no effects observed with ampicillin (P < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated cell rupture, wrinkled cell morphology, and an irregular shape of the bacterial cells upon treatment with the compound. Eugenyl acetate at sub‐MIC (0.025% v/v) exhibited anti‐virulence effects by reducing motility and protease production by A. baumannii. The percentage motility inhibitory effects of the compound ranged from 75.63% to 87.20%, significantly different from the control (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the compound reduced proteolytic activity of the isolates in the range of 50.81% to 92.66%. The results established the prospective of eugenyl acetate against A. baumannii. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do subjective memory complaints predict falls, fractures and healthcare utilization? A two‐year prospective study based on a cohort of older women recruited from primary care
Authors: Al‐Sari Usama A. , Tobias Jon H. , Archer Hilary , Clark Emma M.
Published: July 2016

Objective

A proportion of older individuals report subjective memory complaints (SMCs), which can predict the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Previous studies based on secondary care suggest that SMC is also associated with other adverse health consequences, including falls, fractures and increased healthcare utilization. In this study, we aimed to establish whether similar findings are observed in the wider population.

Methods

Prospective analysis of the Cohort for Skeletal Health in Bristol and Avon, a population‐based cohort recruited from primary care, was carried out. Data were collected by self‐completion questionnaire at baseline and 2 years. SMC was assessed at baseline. Fractures, measures of falls, mobility and healthcare utilization were assessed 2 years later. A random 5% subsample of data was validated against electronic general practitioner records. Logistic regression was used to identify independent associations, following adjustment for a range of confounders assessed at baseline.

Results

Data were available on 3184 women. Three hundred and fifty participants (11.0%) reported SMC. They were older (73.3 ± 4.5 vs 72.0 ± 4.2 years) and less mobile compared with those not reporting SMC. SMCs at baseline were associated with an increased risk of upper limb fractures over the following 2 years (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02–2.90). SMCs were also associated with an increased risk of falls (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.41–2.38) and increased healthcare utilization (OR for hospital appointments 2.20, 95% CI 1.26–3.86). No association was observed with bone mineral density at any site.

Conclusions

Subjective memory complaints are important markers of adverse health outcomes and should prompt interventions to reduce fractures such as physiotherapy‐led fall reduction programmes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between tumor biomarkers and efficacy in TH3RESA, a phase III study of trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) vs. treatment of physician's choice in previously treated HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer
Authors: Kim Sung‐Bae , Wildiers Hans , Krop Ian E. , Smitt Melanie , Yu Ron , Lysbet de Haas Sanne , Gonzalez‐Martin Antonio
Published: July 2016

In the phase III TH3RESA study (NCT01419197), 602 patients with HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer who received prior taxane therapy and ≥2 HER2‐directed regimens, including trastuzumab and lapatinib (advanced setting), were randomized to trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) or treatment of physician's choice (TPC). A statistically significant progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit favoring T‐DM1 was demonstrated. Here, we examine the relationship between HER2‐related biomarkers and PFS in an exploratory analysis. Biomarkers assessed included HER2 (n = 505) and HER3 (n = 505) mRNA expression, PIK3CA mutation status (n = 410) and PTEN protein expression (n = 358). For biomarkers with continuous data (HER2, HER3, PTEN), subgroups were defined using median values (>median and ≤median). For all biomarker subgroups, median PFS was longer with T‐DM1 vs. TPC. The PFS benefit favoring T‐DM1 vs. TPC was numerically greater in the HER2 mRNA >median subgroup (7.2 vs. 3.4 months; unstratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28–0.59; p < 0.0001) vs. ≤median subgroup (5.5 vs. 3.9 months; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49–0.92; p = 0.0131). The PFS benefit with T‐DM1 was similar among HER3, PIK3CA and PTEN subgroups. Consistent with other reports, benefit was seen with T‐DM1 regardless of PIK3CA mutation status. In a multivariate analysis including an interaction term (treatment group by log2‐transformed HER2 mRNA), patients with higher HER2 mRNA levels benefited more from receiving T‐DM1 (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.94; interaction p value = 0.0027). In summary, T‐DM1 prolonged median PFS in all biomarker subgroups analyzed, including activating PIK3CA mutations, with numerically greater benefit in patients with tumors expressing HER2 mRNA >median vs. ≤median.
Predictors of changes in child behaviour following parent management training: Child, context, and therapy factors
Authors: Hagen Kristine Amlund , Ogden Terje
Published: July 2016

This non‐randomised study examined a set of predictive factors of changes in child behaviour following parent management training (PMTO). Families of 331 Norwegian girls (26%) and boys with clinic‐level conduct problems participated. The children ranged in age from 3 to 12 years (Mage = 8.69). Retention rate was 72.2% at post‐assessment. Child‐, parent‐ and therapy‐level variables were entered as predictors of multi‐informant reported change in externalising behaviour and social skills. Behavioural improvements following PMTO amounted to 1 standard deviation on parent rated and ½ standard deviation on teacher rated externalising behaviour, while social skills improvements were more modest. Results suggested that children with higher symptom scores and lower social skills score at pre‐treatment were more likely to show improvements in these areas. According to both parent‐ and teacher‐ratings, girls tended to show greater improvements in externalising behaviour and social skills following treatment and, according to parents, ADHD symptomology appeared to inhibit improvements in social skills. Finally, observed increases in parental skill encouragement, therapists' satisfaction with treatment and the number of hours spent in therapy by children were also positive and significant predictors of child outcomes.
Can we translate the UK automation experience?
Authors: Marotti Richard
Published: July 2016

Automated dispensing systems (ADS) have the potential to reduce certain types of medication errors and improve the overall efficiency of pharmacy operations. Uptake of this technology in Australia has been limited to date with limited Australian reviews completed assessing the benefits from medication safety, time and cost‐savings perspectives. The purpose of this preceptorship was to evaluate the United Kingdom (UK) experience and determine which understandings could be translated to the Australian setting.
Synthesis and properties of cyclotriphosphazene and perfluoropolyether‐based lubricant with polar functional groups
Authors: Wang Xiaobai , Tan Angeline Yan Xuan , Cho Ching Mui , Ye Qun , He Chaobin , Ji Rong , Xie Hui Qing , Tsai Jack Wen Huei , Xu Jianwei
Published: July 2016

A novel hard disk lubricant IDL2 was synthesised by reacting sodium 4‐((2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenoate with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, followed by treatment with 1H,1H‐perfluoro‐3,6,9‐trioxatridecan‐1‐ol in the presence of sodium hydride and subsequent hydrolysis using sulfuric acid. The chemical structure of IDL2 was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), phosphorus‐31 (31P) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometer. The thermal property of IDL2 was analysed using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and it shows better thermal stability than two commercial lubricants Z‐DOL and Z‐Tetraol with two and four terminal hydroxy groups, respectively. IDL2 was found to have comparable hydrophobicity to commercial lubricants Z‐DOL, A20H and Z‐Tetraol with water contact angles in the range of 78 – 85°, revealing that IDL2 has analogous surface energy to these commercial lubricants. IDL2 exhibits comparable friction coefficient to A20H and Z‐Tetraol, but much lower than Z‐DOL. More interestingly, it has a much high bonding ratio when compared with commonly used commercial lubricants under the same testing conditions due to the presence of two polar hydroxy groups, which enhance the interaction between lubricant and substrate. These promising properties of IDL2 show that it would be very potential for real application as a hard disk drive lubricant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Net reclassification index at event rate: properties and relationships
Authors: Pencina Michael J. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , D'Agostino Ralph B.
Published: July 2016

The net reclassification improvement (NRI) is an attractively simple summary measure quantifying improvement in performance because of addition of new risk marker(s) to a prediction model. Originally proposed for settings with well‐established classification thresholds, it quickly extended into applications with no thresholds in common use. Here we aim to explore properties of the NRI at event rate. We express this NRI as a difference in performance measures for the new versus old model and show that the quantity underlying this difference is related to several global as well as decision analytic measures of model performance. It maximizes the relative utility (standardized net benefit) across all classification thresholds and can be viewed as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance between the distributions of risk among events and non‐events. It can be expressed as a special case of the continuous NRI, measuring reclassification from the ‘null’ model with no predictors. It is also a criterion based on the value of information and quantifies the reduction in expected regret for a given regret function, casting the NRI at event rate as a measure of incremental reduction in expected regret. More generally, we find it informative to present plots of standardized net benefit/relative utility for the new versus old model across the domain of classification thresholds. Then, these plots can be summarized with their maximum values, and the increment in model performance can be described by the NRI at event rate. We provide theoretical examples and a clinical application on the evaluation of prognostic biomarkers for atrial fibrillation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of nitrogen‐fixing and non‐nitrogen‐fixing tree species on soil respiration and microbial community composition during forest management in subtropical China
Authors: Luo Da , Cheng Ruimei , Shi Zuomin , Wang Weixia , Xu Gexi , Liu Shirong
Published: July 2016

Forest management with N‐fixing trees can improve soil fertility and tree productivity, but have little information regarding belowground carbon processes and microbial properties. We aimed to evaluate the effects of three forest management regimes, which were Erythrophleum fordii (N‐fixing tree), Pinus massoniana (non‐N‐fixing tree), and their mixed forest, on soil respiration and microbial community composition in subtropical China, using Barometric Process Separation and phospholipid fatty acid profiles, respectively. We found that the inclusions of N‐fixing species in forests significantly increased the soil respiration, but have no effects on SOC and ecosystem total C stock. In addition, soil microbial communities were obviously different among the three forest management regimes. For instance, total and bacterial PLFAs were higher in the E. fordii and mixed forest than in the P. massoniana forest. Conversely, fungal PLFAs in the P. massoniana forest were elevated versus the other two forests. Soil total N, nitrate‐N and pH were the key determinants shaping the microbial community composition. Our study suggests that variations in soil respiration in the studied forests could be primarily explained by the differences of root biomass and soil microbial biomass, but not soil organic carbon. Although soil fertility and microbial biomass were promoted, N‐fixing plantings also brought on increased CO2 emissions in laboratory assays. The future decision of tree species selection for forest management in subtropical China therefore needs to consider the potential influences of tree species on CO2 emissions.
How can the development of Applied Probability be encouraged?
Authors: Neuts M. F. , Purdue P.
Published: July 2016

Professor Neuts opened the discussion by suggesting that Applied Probability appeared to be in a precarious situation in the USA. Applied probabilists were widely spread in mathematics, statistics, electrical engineering, biomathematics and other departments; the fact that they defied classification was a drawback. They were perhaps not pure enough to be accepted by the mathematicians, but yet not applied enough for the practitioners. ‘Where’ he asked ‘do we fit in?’.
The caudal characteristic curve of queues
Authors: Neuts Marcel F.
Published: July 2016

Many queues and related stochastic models, and in particular those that have a matrix-geometric stationary probability vector, have steady-state queue-length densities that are asymptotically geometric. The graph of the asymptotic rate η of these densities as a function of the traffic intensity ρ is the caudal characteristic curve. This is an informative graph from which a number of qualitative inferences about the behavior of the queue may be drawn.
A system model with interacting components: renewal-type results
Authors: Arjas E. , Haara P. , Tweedie R. L.
Published: July 2016

We consider a k-component system where the failure rates of the components interact, but where interaction depends only on the current ages of the components. The stationary behaviour of such systems has been studied by, for example, Franken and Streller (1980). Our main aim is to study the transient behaviour, and in particular to show that under easily verifiable conditions the transient behaviour tends to a stationary situation.
Overflow processes for multiserver queues with finite waiting room
Authors: De Smit Jos H. A.
Published: July 2016

The overflow process of the multiserver queue with phase-type service times and finite waiting room is a Markov renewal process. The solution for this process is obtained. If the service times are exponential the overflow process reduces to a renewal process. For the latter case explicit expressions and numerical results are given.
Conjugate distributions and variance reduction in ruin probability simulation
Authors: Asmussen Soren
Published: July 2016

A general method is developed for giving simulation estimates of the probability ψ(u, T) of ruin before time T. When the probability law P governing the given risk reserve process is imbedded in an exponential family (Pθ), one can write ψ(u, T) = EθRθ for certain random variables Rθ given by the fundamental identity of sequential analysis. Using this to simulate from Pθ rather than P, it is possible not only to overcome the difficulties connected with the case T = ∞, but also to obtain a considerable variance reduction. It is shown that the solution of the Lundberg equation determines the asymptotically optimal value of θ in heavy traffic when T = ∞, and some results guidelining the choice of θ when T < ∞ are also given. The potential of the method in complex models is illustrated by two examples.
Optimization of piecewise-deterministic Markov models
Authors: Davis M. H. A.
Published: July 2016

Piecewise-deterministic (PD) Markov processes consist of a mixture of deterministic motion and random jumps, the jumps occurring ‘spontanteously’ in a Poisson-like fashion and also ‘surely’ when the process hits certain boundaries. They form a flexible class of stochastic models, including as special cases almost all the non-diffusion models of applied probability. The construction of these processes will be outlined and precise characterization of the extended generator given.
Connections Between Optimal Stopping and Stochastic Control II: Bounded-Variation Follower Problems
Authors: Karatzas Ioannis , Shreve Steven E.
Published: July 2016

The stochastic control problem of tracking a Brownian motion by a process of bounded variation is reduced to a control problem with reflection at the origin, and the latter is related to a question of optimal stopping of Brownian motion absorbed at the origin. Direct probabilistic arguments can be used to show equivalences between the various problems.
Simulation of sedimentation
Authors: Pickard David K. , Tory Andelmer M.
Published: July 2016

The sedimentation of a monodisperse suspension of solid particles in a viscous fluid is a complex process. Mathematically, a slurry may be viewed as a collection of interacting particle paths. Interest focuses primarily on various global aspects of the system, but the behaviour of individual particles during sedimentation is also important. Kynch's flux theory and continuum mechanics models explicitly avoid the treatment of individual particles. At the other extreme, Brenner's fluid dynamic approach characterizes individual motion in terms of the exact (and detailed) configuration of the entire slurry. We replace this chaos of complex interaction with the formal chaos of stochastic processes.
Statistical inference for point-process models of rainfall
Authors: Smtih James A. , Karr Alan F.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we develop maximum likelihood procedures for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing for three classes of point processes that have been used to model rainfall occurrences; renewal processes, Neyman-Scott processes, and RCM processes (which are members of the family of Cox processes). The statistical inference procedures developed in this paper are based on the intensity process
On estimating the growth function of tumours
Authors: Bartoszyński Robert
Published: July 2016

The growth rate of a cancerous tumour as a function of its age is a subject of intellectual and practical importance, as it influences both the effectiveness of proposed screening programs and strategy of treatment. Obtaining direct evidence on the growth rate is quite difficult owing to the ethical necessity to intervene when cancer is confirmed.
Introduction
Authors: Jensen E. B. Vedel
Published: July 2016

The workshops on stochastic geometry, stereology and image analysis have been held every second year since 1981. The first workshops were small meetings, but with prominent speakers, who have attended most of the workshops since then. Over the years the workshops have increased in size and in impact too.
Markov connected component fields
Authors: M⊘ller Jesper , Waagepetersen Rasmus
Published: July 2016

A new class of Gibbsian models with potentials associated with the connected components or homogeneous parts of images is introduced. The relationship with Markov random fields and marked point processes is explored and spatial Markov properties are established. Further, extensions to infinite lattices are studied. Statistical inference problems including geostatistical applications and statistical image analysis are also discussed. Finally, simulation studies are presented which show that the models may be appropriate for a variety of interesting patterns.
Gamma-type results and other related properties of Poisson processes
Authors: M⊘ller Jesper , Zouev Sergei
Published: July 2016

Families of Poisson processes defined on general state spaces and with the intensity measure scaled by a positive parameter are investigated. In particular, mean value relations with respect to the scale parameter are established and used to derive various Gamma-type results for certain geometrical characteristics determined by finite subprocesses. In particular, we deduce Miles' complementary theorem. Applications of the results within stochastic geometry and particularly for random tesselations are discussed.