bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEWENANGAN KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK) DALAM PENGECUALIAN KERAHASIAAN BANK
Authors: Lestari Tiara Ayu
Published: September 2020

Prinsip kerahasiaan bank yang dianut oleh perbankan di satu sisi sangat menguntungkan nasabah karena segala data keuangannya terjaga dengan aman, sedangkan di satu sisi dapat merugikan pihak-pihak tertentu yang dalam keadaan mendesak sangat membutuhkan informasi data keuangan nasabah tersebut. Namun di Indonesia kerahasiaan bank ini masih dapat dibuka atau ditembus oleh hal-hal tertentu berdasarkan ketentuan di dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan dan di luar Undang-Undang Perbankan, salah satunya adalah oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dalam melakukan penyelidikan, penyidikan, dan penuntutan dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR YANG MENDUDUKI JABATAN DEWAN KOMISARIS MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Susilowati Retno , Maulana Agus
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan Pasa1 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, bahwa Perseroan Terbatas adalah badan hukum yang merupakan persekutuan modal, didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam saham, dan memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan dalam undang-undang. Persekutuan modal yang dimaksud adalah harta/aset PT harus berasal dari minimal 2 (dua) orang pemegang saham yang tidak terjadi percampuran harta kekayaan. Namun, di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat terdapat pendirian PT yang salah satu pemegang sahamnya adalah anak di bawah umur dan menjabat sebagai Dewan Komisaris dalam PT tersebut. Para pemegang saham dalam PT Y adalah orang tua dan anaknya yang masih di bawah umur serta harta kekayaan PT Y dianggap berasal dari 1 (satu) orang pemegang saham saja, sudah jelas dalam segi yuridis hal tersebut melanggar ketentuan Pasal 1320 ayat (2) KUHPerdata, Pasal 1313 KUHPerdata serta Pasal 110 juncto Pasal 112 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas karena tidak terjadi persekutuan modal yang sesungguhnya. Dengan demikian, PT Y harus menambah 1 (satu) orang pemegang saham/investor lainnya agar menghindari pertanggungjawaban tidak terbatas.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN AKTE CERAI
Authors: Mofea Sukhebi , Fuad Jaelani Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Pernikahan adalah salah satu asas pokok hidup yang paling utama dalam pergaulan atau masyarakat yang sempurna. “Annikahu Sunnaty paman rogiba an sunnaty falaisa minni” Rasullalah saw bersabda.pernikahan bukan saja merupakan satu jalan yang amat mulia untuk mengatur kehidupan rumah tangga dan keturunan, tetapi juga dapat dipandang sebagai satu jalan menuju pintu perkenalan antara suatu kaum dengan kaum lain, dan perkenalan itu akan menjadi jalan untuk menyampaikan pertolongan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Pemalsuan terhadap sesuatu merupakan salah satu bentuk tindak pidana yang telah diatur dalam kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (KUHP). Memang pemalsuan sendiri akan mengakibatkan seseorang atau pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Hal inilah yang membuat pemalsuan ini diatur dan termasuk suatu tindakan pidana.
TINDAK PIDANA PROSTITUSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRANSAKSI VIA MEDIA SOSIAL ELEKTRONIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI ANOMI ROBERT KING MERTON
Authors: Humulhaer Siti
Published: September 2020

Prostitusi atau pelacuran merupakan salah satu masalah sosial yang kompleks, mengingat prostitusi merupakan peradaban yang termasuk tertua di dunia dan hingga saat ini masih terus ada pada masyarakat kita. Ditinjau dari beberapa faktor penyebab seseorang melakukan tindak pidana prostitusi, sebagian besar terletak pada faktor ekonomi dan faktor sosial, faktor ekonomi dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, suasana lingkungan maupun pendidikan seseorang. Jadi prostitusi terjadi akibat kurangnya “kesejahteraan lahir batin” tidak terlepas dari aspek kehidupan atau penghidupan manusia termasuk rasa aman dan tentram yang dapat dicapai jika kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kewajiban penghargaan hak orang lain telah dipahami dan dihayati sehingga penegakan hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan kebenaran yang telah merupakan kebutuhan sesama, kebutuhan seluruh masyarakat. Adapun upaya penanggulangannya adalah dengan meningkatkan keimanan dan ketakwaan kepada Yang Maha Esa melalui pendidikan agama, melalui kegiatan religius dan pemahaman tentang ilmu-ilmu keagamaan. Menyediakan lembaga-lembaga baik formal maupun non formal untuk menciptakan suatu kegiatan yang positif untuk menunjang dalam hal perekonomian, Memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang aturan hukum dan sanksi hukum terhadap seseorang yang melakukan tindak pidana prostitusi dengan menggunakan transaksi via media sosial elektronik, Penegakan hukum yang tegas dalam upaya menanggulangi tindak pidana prostitusi dengan menggunakan transaksi via media sosial elektronik.
PENERAPAN ASAS ULTIMUM REMEDIUM DALAM KETENTUAN HUKUM PIDANA LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dg Tawang Dian Adriawan
Published: September 2020

Dampak terhadap kesehatan manusia terutama bersumber dari pencemaran lingkungan. Dampak pencemaran lingkungan dapat dirasakan setelah beberapa tahun atau puluhan tahun. Pencemaran lingkungan juga mengakibatkan rusaknya estetika dari lingkungan hidup atau lingkungan tempat tinggal manusia, seperti: gangguan adanya bau, kebisingan, asap atau kabut. Selain dampak pencemaran lingkungan, perusakan lingkungan hidup juga menjadi masalah yang tidak kalah pentingnya, misalnya penebangan hutan di Indonesia yang sudah tidak terkendali selama puluhan tahun dan hal menyebabkan terjadinya penyusutan hutan tropis secara besar-besaran yang sangat berdampak pada ekosistem hutan. Begitu juga perusakan lingkungan memberi dampak yang sangat merugikan masya-rakat sekitar, bahkan masyarakat dunia. Kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kerusakan hutan tidak hanya kerusakan secara nilai ekonomi, akan tetapi juga mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa yang tidak ternilai harganya. Dampak lainnya adalah hilangnya paru-paru Indonesia dan dunia. Penempatan asas ultimum remedium dalam sumber hukum pidana hanya terdapat pada peraturan perundang-undang yang bersifat administrasi yang memuat ketentuan pidana, sedangkan dalam sumber hukum pidana yang berasal dari KUHP dan Peraturan perundang-undangan pidana berlaku asas premium remedium. Asas premium remedium adalah teori hukum pidana modern yang menyatakan bahwa hukum pidana sebagai alat utama dalam penegakan hukum. Keberadaan UUPPLH khususnya tentang penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap delik formil, secara filosofis, sosiologis dan yuridis masih menimbulkan masalah, dan kurang memberi manfaan bagi perlindungan lingkungan, serta perumusan deliknya masih sangat kurang jelas sehingga telah melanggar asas lex certa yaitu asas kepastian.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG INTELIJEN NEGARA
Authors: Martono Budi Santoso
Published: September 2020

Berbagai kegiatan pemerintahan dan pembangunan nasional tidak tertutup kemungkinan ada ancaman, tantangan, hambatan dan gangguan yang datang dari manapun dan oleh siapapun dengan berbagai motifnya. Berbagai ancaman, tantangan, hambatan dan gangguan tersebut harus bisa ditanggulangi melalui kegiatan intelijen negara. Agar efektif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut oleh undang-undang intelijen negara dicantumkan ketentuan normatifnya dalam salah satu Bab tersendiri Ketentuan Pidana. Dalam pasal-pasal ketentuan pidana tersebut akan terinci unsur-unsurnya yakni siapa subyek atau aktor atau pelakunya, apa yang dilakukan dan konsekwensi perbuatannya tersebut yakni menerima sanksi atau hukumannya, Bertolak dari pemikiran di atas dapat dirumuskan permasalahan, yang sekaligus akan memandu penulis untuk membahas masalah yang dirasakan oleh publik sebagai suatu fakta yang harus dicarikan solusinya, sebagai berikut : a. Siapakah subyek hukum pelaku tindak pidana intelijen negara yang ditentukan dalam hukum positif undang-undang intelijen negara.b. Delik-delik apa saja yang ditentukan dalam hukum positif undang-undang intelijen negara. c. Bagaimana sanksi atau hukuman yang ditentukan dalam hukum positif undang-undang intelijen negara. Hasil analisis terhadap permasalahan diatas diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : Subyek hukum pelaku tindak pidana yang ditentukan dalam hukum positif Undang-UndangNomor 17 Tahun 2011 tentang Intelijen Negara dapat dikelompokkan dalam 3 (tiga) kategori sebagai berikut : Pertama, Setiap orang; Kedua, Badan Hukum; Ketiga, Personel Intelijen Negara, dibagi dalam 3 (tiga) variasi kondisi : 1). Dalam keadaan biasa; 2). Dalam keadaan perang; 3. Melakukan penyadapan. Delik intelijen negara terdapat 3 (macam) kategori delik yakni yakni: a. 3 (tiga) perbuatan pidana masuk dalam Delik Menjalankan undang-undang (bocornya keintelijenan dan penyadapan); b. masing-masing satu perbuatan pidana masuk kategori macam delik yang sengaja (rahasia intelijen negara) c. aspek jenis sanksi atau hkuman yang dibagi dalam 4 (empat) jenis hukuman, yakni 1). sanksi tunggal, 2). sanksi kumulatif, 3) sanksi alternatif dan 4), sanksi alternatif kumulatif, maka dalam Undang-undang ini, maka semua delik intelijen negara masuk dalam kategori sanksi kumulatif alternatif.
RELEVANSI RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENANGANAN ANAK NAKAL
Authors: Pratama Rommy
Published: September 2020

Perlindungan terhadap anak ini telah menjadi kesepakatan internasional sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam deklarasi Jenewa tentang Hak Anak-anak tahun 1924, yang selanjutnya telah mendapat pengakuan dalam Deklarasi Sedunia tentang Hak Asasi Manusia serta ketentuan hukum yang dibuat oleh badan-badan khusus dan organisasi-organisasi Internasional yang memberi perhatian bagi kesejahteraan anak-anak. Jauh hari Majelis Umum PBB memaklumkan Deklarasi Hak Anak-Anak dengan maksud agar anak-anak dapat menjalani masa kecil yang membahagiakan, berhak menikmati hak-hak dan kebebasan baik kepentingan mereka sendiri maupun untuk kepentingan masyarakat.
IMPLEMENTASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BONE, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Wiratno Wiratno
Published: September 2020

Pelayanan publik adalah kegiatan atau rangkaian kegiatan dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pelayanan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan bagi setiap warga negara dan penduduk atas barang, jasa, dan/atau pelayanan administratif yang disediakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Penyelenggara pelayanan publik adalah setiap institusi penyelenggara negara, korporasi, lembaga independen yang dibentuk berdasarkan undang-undang untuk kegiatan pelayanan publik, dan badan hukum lain yang dibentuk semata-mata untuk kegiatan pelayanan publik. Dalam menetapkan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik, Penyelenggara harus memperhatikan asas pelayanan publik, yaitu asas: a) kepentingan umum; b) kepastian hukum; c) kesamaan hak; d) keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban; e) keprofesionalan; f) partisipatif; g) persamaan perlakuan/tidak diskriminatif; h) keterbukaan; i) akuntabilitas; j) fasilitas dan perlakuan khusus bagi kelompok rentan; k) ketepatan waktu; dan l) kecepatan, kemudahan, dan keterjangkauan. Di samping itu, hal-hal yang harus dilakukan dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik, meliputi: 1) Standar Pelayanan; 2) Maklumat Pelayanan; 3) Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Publik; 4) Pengelolaan Sarana, Prasarana, dan/atau Fasilitas Pelayanan Publik Pengawasan internal; 5) Pelayanan Khusus; 6) Biaya/Tarif Pelayanan Publik; 7) Perilaku Pelaksana dalam Pelayanan; 8) Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik; 9) Pengelolaan Pengaduan; 10) Penilaian Kinerja; dan 11) Peran serta Masyarakat. Penyelenggaraan dan pelaksanaan pelayanan publik yang prima oleh pemerintah dapat merupakan indikator adanya tata-kelola pemerintahan yang baik atau Good governance. Dengan kata lain, tidak ada pemerintahan yang dapat disebut lebih atau semakin baik, apabila tidak adanya bukti bahwa pelayanan publik semakin baik dan semakin berkualitas. Penelitian ini meneliti Implementasi Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Publik di Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bone telah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip dan melaksanakan pelayanan publik dengan sangat baik, sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik.
PENYIMPANGAN DAN PELANGGARAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG TERHADAP RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH YANG TELAH DITETAPKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH (STUDI KASUS DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROPINSI JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Budhianti Meta Indah
Published: September 2020

Mewujudkan keterpaduan antara pelaksanaan rencana tata ruang dengan tidak mengabaikan kepentingan perorangan, berarti mencegah perbenturan kepentingan yang merugikan kegiatan pembangunan antar sektor, daerah dan masyarakat dalam penggunaan sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya buatan melalui proses koordinasi, integrasi dan sinkroniksasi perencanaan tata ruang, pemanfaatan ruang dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang. Penggantian yang layak diberikan kepada orang yang dirugikan selaku pemegang hak atas tanah, hak pengelolaan sumber daya alam seperti hutan, tambang, bahan galian, ikan dan atau ruang yang dapat membuktikan bahwa secara langsung dirugikan sebagai akibat pelaksanaan kegiatan pembangunan sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang dan oleh perubahan nilai ruang sebagai akibat penataan ruang. Sebagai penjawaban dari kebijaksanaan pembangunan perlu disusun rencana tata ruang wilayah di tiap Propinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota ternyata tidak semua Kabupaten/Kota menyusun dengan segera Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah untuk wilayahnya. Bagi pemerintah daerah yang telah mempunyai Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah ternyata masih banyak pelanggaran dan penyimpangan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah sendiri. Kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dan kurangnya kesadaran dari masyarakat tentang pentingnya rencana tata ruang wilayah. Perubahan fungsi lingkungan untuk digunakan dan dikelola termasuk peruntukkan taman dan pantai harus tetap memperhatikan kebijakan sektor maupun kebijakan pembangunan yang berorientasi pada kelestarian fungsi lingkungan termasuk pula keserasian pada masyarakat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan publik. Dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan data primer dan analisis datanya secara kualitatif sebagai penutup dari penelitian, peneliti menyarankan sebaiknya untuk mencegah dan/atau mengurangi pelanggaran terhadap RTRW yang telah ditetapkan PEMDA hendaknya konsekwen dalam penerapan RTRW dan terhadap pelaku pelanggaran penataan ruang dikenakan sanksi yang tegas.
Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019
Authors: Malchikov I. A. , Slobodenyuk A. V. , Vyalykh I. V. , Markaran A. Yu. , Grigorieva Yu. V. , Burtseva Yu. Yu. , Malchikova I. P.
Published: September 2020

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).
ARAP DÜNYASININ GÖZÜNDEN 15 TEMMUZ DARBE GİRİŞİMİ
Authors: ALTURK Haya
Published: September 2020

Türkiye’de 15 Temmuz darbe girişimi, Arap ülkeleri de dâhil olmak üzere dünya genelini büyük bir şokta bıraktı. Arap Baharı devrimleri yaşayan birçok Arap halkı, darbe girişimine şiddetle karşı çıktı ve Türk halkına ve hükümetine destek verdi. Arap bölgesindeki halkların ve partilerin darbeye karşı tutumları resmi sistemlerinin tutumlarını geçtiğini fark edilebilir. Bunun nedeni ise Arap Baharı'nda yaşanan olayları ve Arap halkının darbe girişiminde yaşadığı acı dolu tecrübelerdir. Bundan dolayı Arap halkı Türk halkı ve hükümetiyle olan dayanışmasını askeri darbe girişimine karşı durarak gösterdi. Fakat Arap hükümetleri ve medyalarnın görüşüne göre, işler farklıydı. Bazı ülkeler medya kanallarını kullanarak darbe girişimine destek verip hatta darbenin sonucu bilmeden darbenin başarısını kutladı.
Comparative Democracy Redux: The Economic Development Thesis 1972-2014
Authors: Burkhart Ross E. , Lewis-Beck Michael S.
Published: September 2020

This paper replicates the analysis conducted in Burkhart and Lewis-Beck (1994), using current statistical software, where economic development demonstrates a causal relationship to democracy in an extensive cross-national dataset from 1972-1989, even in the face of strong control variables such as regime history and world-system position. It extends those findings with a dataset of approximately 120 countries from 1972-2014, largely confirming the previously published findings.
Climate Change: A New Challenge for the Winemaking Sector
Authors: Fraga Helder
Published: September 2020

Viticulture and winemaking have a strong socio-economic importance worldwide. Weather and climate represent key forcing factors for grapevine development, yields, and quality. Hence, climate change is expected to pose a strong impact on this crop, threatening the sustainability of the winemaking sector. Recent-past trends show noticeable warming in the grapevine growing season, as well as changes in the precipitation patterns in many renowned winemaking regions worldwide. Furthermore, climate projections point to enhanced stress conditions for grapevine growth under future scenarios. The strong evidence for a significant warming and drying in the upcoming decades urges adaptation measures to be taken by the winemaking sector. The aim of this editorial is to provide an updated overview of the adaptation measures that can be used by sector stakeholders to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. A recent review article, which highlights several adaptation strategies to ensure the future sustainability of this important sector, is hereby analyzed.
Long-Term Correlation between Water Deficit and Quality Markers in HydroSOStainable Almonds
Authors: Lipan Leontina , Cano-Lamadrid Marina , Hernández Francisca , Sendra Esther , Corell Mireia , Vázquez-Araújo Laura , Moriana Alfonso , Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel A.
Published: September 2020

Global warming enhances the rainfall and temperature irregularity, producing a collapse in water resources and generating an urgent need for hydro-sustainable thinking in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the water stress of almond trees and quality parameters of fruits, after 3 years of experiments, with the objective of establishing quality markers necessary in the certification process of hydroSOStainable almonds. The results showed positive correlations among the stress integral (SI) and dry weight, color coordinates (L*, a* and b*), minerals (K, Fe, and Zn), organic acids (citric acid), sugars (sucrose, fructose, and total sugars), antioxidant activity, and fatty acids [linoleic acid, polyunsaturated (PUFA)/monounsaturated (MUFA) ratio, PUFA and SFA, among others]. As well as negative correlations of SI with water activity, weight (almond, kernel, and shell), kernel size, minerals (Ca and Mg), fatty acids (oleic acid, oleic/linoleic ratio, MUFA, and PUFA/SFA ratio), and sensory attributes (size, bitterness, astringency, benzaldehyde, and woody). Finally, this research helped to prove key quality parameters that can be used as makers of hydroSOStainable almonds. In addition, it was demonstrated that controlling water stress in almond trees by using deficit irrigation strategies can lead to appropriate yields, improve the product quality, and consequently, lead to a final added value.
Balancing Forage Production, Seed Yield, and Pest Management in the Perennial Sunflower Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae)
Authors: Vilela Alejandra E. , González-Paleo Luciana , Ravetta Damián A. , Murrell Ebony G. , Van Tassel David L.
Published: September 2020

The perennial sunflower Silphium integrifolium Michx. (Asteraceae), also known as silflower, is a prospective dual-purpose forage plus grain crop. Pre-flowering biomass harvest for animal feed and the subsequent delay in plant growth and anthesis has the potential to benefit seed yield and/or offset yield loss from native pests, such as the native North American Eucosma giganteana (Lepidopera: Tortricidae). The aim of this study was to develop a cropping technology for silflower to (A) balance forage and grain production and (B) minimize seed loss. Silflower produced high-quality forage, but biomass harvest in early spring reduced same-season seed production by 45%. Despite significantly delaying flowering, forage harvest alone did not effectively reduce Eucosma colonization, although treating plants with the insecticide permethrin did reduce colonization. Our results do not support the proposal that S. integrifolium could be profitably harvested for both high quality forage and as an oilseed grain within the same season. Nevertheless, our findings suggest the possibility of developing a strategy of alternating between forage or seed production, depending on their differential economic values. The choice between harvesting biomass vs. seed could be made much later in the season for this perennial crop than the choice of planting an annual forage vs. annual grain crop.
Endophytic Streptomyces laurentii Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag-NPs with Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties for Developing Functional Textile Fabric Properties
Authors: Eid Ahmed M. , Fouda Amr , Niedbała Gniewko , Hassan Saad El-Din , Salem Salem S. , Abdo Abdullah M. , F. Hetta Helal , Shaheen Tharwat I.
Published: September 2020

Improvement of the medical textile industry has received more attention recently, especially with widespread of microbial and viral infections. Medical textiles with new properties, such as bacterial pathogens self-cleaning, have been explored with nanotechnology. In this study, an endophytic actinomycetes strain of Streptomyces laurentii R-1 was isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Achillea fragrantissima. This is used as a catalyst for the mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for applications in the textile industry. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), which confirmed the successful formation of crystalline, spherical metal nanoparticles. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Our data elucidated that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs had a highly cytotoxic effect against the cancerous caco-2 cell line. The selected safe dose of Ag-NPs for loading on cotton fabrics was 100 ppm, regarding their antibacterial activity and safe cytotoxic efficacy. Interestingly, scanning electron microscope connected with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) of loaded cotton fabrics demonstrated the smooth distribution of Ag-NPs on treated fabrics. The obtained results highlighted the broad-spectrum activity of nano-finished fabrics against pathogenic bacteria, even after 5 and 10 washing cycles. This study contributes a suitable guide for the performance of green synthesized NPs for utilization in different biotechnological sectors.
Official Survey Data and Virtual Worlds—Designing an Integrative and Economical Open Source Production Pipeline for xR-Applications in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Höhl Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

How can official survey data be prepared for virtual worlds? For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), these steps can still be very time-consuming. This article is vital for these companies, since its aim is to create a practical open source solution for everyday work based on up-to-date research. Developing integrated Virtual Reality applications for geographic information systems VRGIS today, we are facing following problems: georeferenced data are currently available in many different data formats. Often there is a lack of common standards, user-friendliness and possibilities for process automation, just as the correct georeferencing in virtual worlds is an open field. It is shown that open source platforms can offer very interesting, practical and economical solutions. Following the method of structured and focused comparison according to George and Bennett, fourteen current software solutions are presented as examples. The applications can be classified according to the taxonomy of Anthes et al., with regard to output devices and software development. A comprehensive networking matrix for applied interactive technologies will be introduced for SME partner searches in related software developments. The evaluation criteria of integration capability, operability without programming knowledge and cost-effectiveness allow for a subsequent discussion and evaluation. Finally, this paper presents a simple proprietary and open-source software solution for small and medium-sized enterprises. Map illustrations and methods for georeferencing are explained. Exemplary digital products and data formats are presented at the Landesamt für Digitalisierung, Breitband und Vermessung (LDBV) in Bavaria.
Impact of Coping Veneering Techniques on the Survival of Implant-Supported Zirconia-Based-Crowns Cemented to Hybrid-Abutments: An-In-Vitro Study
Authors: Elshiyab Shareen Hayel , Nawafleh Noor , Khan Usman , Öchsner Andreas , George Roy
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of veneering technique (hand-layering vs. milling) on the fracture resistance of bi-layer implant-supported zirconia-based hybrid-abutment crowns. Mandibular molar copings were anatomically designed and milled. Copings were then veneered by hand-layering (HL) (n = 20) and milling using the Cad-On technique (LD) (n = 20). Crowns were cemented to zirconia hybrid-abutments. Ten samples of each group acted as a control while the remaining ten samples were subjected to fatigue in a chewing simulator. Crowns were loaded between 50 and 100 N for 1.2 million cycles under simultaneous temperature fluctuation between 5 and 55 °C. Crowns were then subjected to static load a to fracture test. Data were statistically analysed using the one-way ANOVA. Randomly selected crowns from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy to view fractured surfaces. Study results indicate that during fatigue, LD crowns had a 100% survival rate; while HL crowns had a 50% failure rate. Fracture resistance of LD crowns was statistically significantly higher than that of HL crowns at the baseline and after fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). However, fatigue did not cause a statistically significant reduction in fracture resistance in both LD and HL groups (p > 0.05). Copings fractured in the LD crowns only and the fracture path was different in both LD and HL groups. According to the results, it was concluded that milled veneer implant-supported hybrid-abutment crowns exhibit significantly higher fracture resistance, and better withstand clinical masticatory loads in the posterior region compared to the hand-layered technique. Also, fatigue application and artificial aging caused no significant strength reduction in both techniques. Clinical significance: Different veneering techniques and materials (hand-layering or milling) act differently to clinical forces and environment and may be prone to early chipping during service. Therefore, practitioners are urged to consider the appropriate veneering protocol for posterior implant-supported hybrid-abutment restorations.
An Examination of the Neutralization of In Vitro Toxicity of Chinese Cobra (Naja atra) Venom by Different Antivenoms
Authors: Liang Qing , Huynh Tam Minh , Konstantakopoulos Nicki , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Hodgson Wayne C.
Published: September 2020

The Chinese Cobra (Naja atra) is an elapid snake of major medical importance in southern China. We describe the in vitro neurotoxic, myotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of N. atra venom, as well as examining the efficacy of three Chinese monovalent antivenoms (N. atra antivenom, Gloydius brevicaudus antivenom and Deinagkistrodon acutus antivenom) and an Australian polyvalent snake antivenom. In the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation, N. atra venom (1–10 µg/mL) abolished indirect twitches in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as abolishing contractile responses to exogenous acetylcholine chloride (ACh) and carbamylcholine chloride (CCh), indicative of post-synaptic neurotoxicity. Contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl) were also significantly inhibited by venom indicating myotoxicity. The prior addition of Chinese N. atra antivenom (0.75 U/mL) or Australian polyvalent snake antivenom (3 U/mL), markedly attenuated the neurotoxic actions of venom (3 µg/mL) and prevented the inhibition of contractile responses to ACh, CCh, and KCl. The addition of Chinese antivenom (0.75 U/mL) or Australian polyvalent antivenom (3 U/mL) at the t90 time point after the addition of venom (3 µg/mL), partially reversed the inhibition of twitches and significantly reversed the venom-induced inhibition of responses to ACh and CCh, but had no significant effect on the response to KCl. Venom (30 µg/mL) also abolished direct twitches in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation and caused a significant increase in baseline tension, further indicative of myotoxicity. N. atra antivenom (4 U/mL) prevented the myotoxic effects of venom (30 µg/mL). However, G. brevicaudus antivenom (24 U/mL), D. acutus antivenom (8 U/mL) and Australian polyvalent snake antivenom (33 U/mL) were unable to prevent venom (30 µg/mL) induced myotoxicity. In the L6 rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, N. atra venom caused concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.8 ± 0.48 μg/mL. N. atra antivenom significantly attenuated the cytotoxic effect of the venom, whereas Australian polyvalent snake antivenom was less effective but still attenuated the cytotoxic effects at lower venom concentrations. Neither G. brevicaudus antivenom or D. acutus antivenom were able to prevent the cytotoxicity. This study indicates that Chinese N. atra monovalent antivenom is efficacious against the neurotoxic, myotoxic and cytotoxic effects of N. atra venom but the clinical effectiveness of the antivenom is likely to be diminished, even if given early after envenoming. The use of Chinese viper antivenoms (i.e., G. brevicaudus and D. acutus antivenoms) in cases of envenoming by the Chinese cobra is not supported by the results of the current study.
Secure Boot for Reconfigurable Architectures
Authors: Siddiqui Ali Shuja , Gui Yutian , Saqib Fareena
Published: September 2020

Reconfigurable computing is becoming ubiquitous in the form of consumer-based Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Reconfigurable computing architectures have found their place in safety-critical infrastructures such as the automotive industry. As the target architecture evolves, it also needs to be updated remotely on the target platform. This process is susceptible to remote hijacking, where the attacker can maliciously update the reconfigurable hardware target with tainted hardware configuration. This paper proposes an architecture of establishing Root of Trust at the hardware level using cryptographic co-processors and Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) and enable over the air updates. The proposed framework implements a secure boot protocol on Xilinx based FPGAs. The project demonstrates the configuration of the bitstream, boot process integration with TPM and secure over-the-air updates for the hardware reconfiguration.
Operational Protocols for the Use of Drones in Marine Animal Research
Authors: Raoult Vincent , Colefax Andrew P , Allan Blake M. , Cagnazzi Daniele , Castelblanco-Martínez Nataly , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Johnston David W. , Landeo-Yauri Sarah , Lyons Mitchell , Pirotta Vanessa , Schofield Gail , Butcher Paul A
Published: September 2020

The use of drones to study marine animals shows promise for the examination of numerous aspects of their ecology, behaviour, health and movement patterns. However, the responses of some marine phyla to the presence of drones varies broadly, as do the general operational protocols used to study them. Inconsistent methodological approaches could lead to difficulties comparing studies and can call into question the repeatability of research. This review draws on current literature and researchers with a wealth of practical experience to outline the idiosyncrasies of studying various marine taxa with drones. We also outline current best practice for drone operation in marine environments based on the literature and our practical experience in the field. The protocols outlined herein will be of use to researchers interested in incorporating drones as a tool into their research on marine animals and will help form consistent approaches for drone-based studies in the future.
The Role of External and Internal Team Coaches in Teacher Design Teams. A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Compen Boukje , Schelfhout Wouter
Published: September 2020

Teacher design teams (TDTs) are increasingly used as a means for teacher professional development. It has been posited that for teacher learning to occur, TDTs need support from team coaches. These coaches are either external experts or peer teachers that guide the team from within. The current literature is in debate on whether external or internal coaches are most effective in supporting TDTs. In this study, we, therefore, examine whether these coach types differ in how they fulfil their role. We additionally evaluate how coaching interacts with the team learning process and the TDT trajectory’s outcomes. We used a mixed methods design in the context of a large-scale TDT trajectory in Flanders (Belgium). We administered questionnaires among 63 teachers of 18 TDTs, and conducted interviews with the coaches of 14 TDTs. Our results indicate that coaching activities correlate with the majority of team learning beliefs and behaviours (TLBB) examined, as well as with perceived team effectiveness and the quality of material developed. Whereas teachers in TDTs with an internal coach seem to evaluate the coaching activities and the TLBB more positively than teachers in TDTs with an external coach, the opposite holds for perceptions of the trajectory’s outcomes.
Numerical Modelling of Horizontal Oil-Water Pipe Flow
Authors: Höhne Thomas , Rayya Ali , Montoya Gustavo
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this work is modeling of a horizontal oil–water flow with and without the Algebraic Interfacial Area Density (AIAD) model. Software and hardware developments in the past years have significantly increased and improved the accuracy, flexibility, and performance of simulations for large and complex problems typically encountered in industrial applications. At Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), the focus has been concentrated on the R&D of new modeling capabilities for Euler–Euler approach where interfaces exist. In this research paper, the applicability of the AIAD model for a horizontal oil–water flow is investigated. The comparison between the standard ANSYS Fluent Eulerian Interface Capabilities (namely Multi-Fluid VOF) without AIAD and ANSYS CFX with AIAD implemented via user functions for the oil–water flow was performed. Thereafter, the obtained results were compared with existing experimental data produced by the Department of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena of the University Simon Bolivar (USB) in Caracas, Venezuela. The results of the simulations show that horizontal oil–water flow can be modelled with rather acceptable accuracy when using regime transition capabilities as those offered by the AIAD model.
Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland—Forecasts Based on Trend and Causal Models
Authors: Gradziuk Piotr , Gradziuk Barbara , Trocewicz Anna , Jendrzejewski Błażej
Published: September 2020

The mitigation of climate change poses a major challenge to the legal framework which aims to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. The European Union’s direction for the use of renewable energy is distributed generation and an increased use of by-products and organic waste, especially in the production of next-generation biofuels. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the production potential of straw in Poland and the possibility of its use for energy purposes, including a forecast for 2030, on the assumption that the management of this resource is in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Code for Good Agriculture Practice. In Poland, in the years 1999–2018, the average annual surplus of straw harvested over agricultural consumption equalled 12.5 million tons (4.2 Mtoe). Its largest surpluses were in the Dolnośląskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Wielkopolskie, and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships (NUTS2). Based on the developed panel models, forecasts for straw surpluses in Poland are presented in three perspectives: realistic, pessimistic, and optimistic. The forecasts show regional differentiation until 2030. Each of the three perspectives indicate a slow increase in these surpluses, and depending on the adopted version, it will range from 10.6% to 21.9%.
Quality Retention of Fresh Tuna Stored Using Supercooling Technology
Authors: Kang Taiyoung , Shafel Timothy , Lee Dongyoung , Lee Chang Joo , Lee Seung Hyun , Jun Soojin
Published: September 2020

The present study was focused on the investigation of physiochemical changes in tuna subjected to a novel supercooling preservation, which was assisted using a combination of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and oscillating magnetic fields (OMF). Fresh tuna fillets were stored without freezing at −3.2 °C for 8 days. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameter Py indicated that there was a significant difference between the frozen-thawed samples (36.3%) and fresh (46.6%) and supercooled (45.9%) samples, indicating that cell damage from ice crystal growth did not occur in the supercooled tuna sample. The microstructure observation and drip loss measurement further confirmed that the ice crystal damage was present in frozen tuna, whereas no cellular damage was found in the supercooled samples. The EIS proved its ability to distinguish between tuna samples that were frozen or chilled (i.e., refrigerated and supercooled) during storage; however, it was less sensitive in detecting the extent of spoilage. Instead, the K-value was used to evaluate tuna freshness, and the measured K-values of the refrigerated, supercooled, and frozen tuna samples after 8 days of storage were 74.3%, 26.4%, and 19.9%, respectively, suggesting that the supercooling treatment significantly preserved the tuna fillets fresh with the improved shelf-life when compared to conventional refrigeration.
The Influence of Increased Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Pregnancy Course and Fetal and Maternal Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Lackovic Milan , Filimonovic Dejan , Mihajlovic Sladjana , Milicic Biljana , Filipovic Ivana , Rovcanin Marija , Dimitrijevic Dejan , Nikolic Dejan
Published: September 2020

Background: The aim of our study was to assess the influence of prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) changes as well as excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and fetal perinatal parameters. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the influence of increased prepregnancy BMI values and excessive GWG on neonatal early motoric development. Methods: The 203 eligible female participants were evaluated. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) defined according to Institute of Medicine 2009 guidelines in the USA were assessed with tested maternal and fetal perinatal parameters and infants early motoric development (Alberta Infant Motor Scale—AIMS). Results: Significant predictors of increased prepregnancy BMI in perinatal period include: weight at delivery (p = 0.001), GWG (p = 0.002) and BMI at delivery (p < 0.001), while significant predictors of excessive GWG in perinatal period are: prepregnancy BMI (p = 0.029) and BMI at delivery (p < 0.001). In the group of participants with both increased prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG versus others, significant predictors were: hypertension (HTA) (p = 0.019), amniotic fluid index (AFI) (p = 0.047), Pronation (AIMS) (p = 0.028) and Supination (AIMS) (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Increased prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are significantly associated with numerous perinatal factors that could alter the pregnancy course, pregnancy outcome and early motoric development of newborn. Moreover, increased prepregnancy BMI is shown to be a significant predictor of excessive GWG; thus, early selection of pregnant women for close monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy will have positive effects on reducing the risk of less favorable pregnancy course and early motoric development of newborn.
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Patient Self-Administered Financial Effects (P-SAFE) Questionnaire to Assess the Financial Burden of Cancer in French-Speaking Patients
Authors: Tremblay Dominique , Poder Thomas G. , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Touati Nassera , Fortin Béatrice , Lévesque Lise , Longo Christopher
Published: September 2020

People living with and beyond cancer (PLC) experience financial hardship associated with the disease and its treatment. Research demonstrates that the “economic toxicity” of cancer can cause distress and impair well-being, health-related quality of life and, ultimately, survival. The Patient Self-Administered Financial Effects (P-SAFE) questionnaire was created in Canada and tested in English. The objective of this study is to describe the processes of translation and cultural adaptation of the P-SAFE for use with French speaking PLC in Canada. The Canadian P-SAFE questionnaire was translated from English to French in collaboration with the developer of the initial version, according to the 12-step process recommended by the Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Consortium. These steps include forward and backward translation, a multidisciplinary expert committee, and cross-cultural validation using think-aloud, probing techniques, and clarity scoring during cognitive interviewing. Translation and validation of the P-SAFE questionnaire were performed without major difficulties. Minor changes were made to better fit with the vocabulary used in the public healthcare system in Quebec. The mean score for clarity of questions was 6.4 out of a possible 7 (totally clear) Cognitive interviewing revealed that lengthy questionnaire instructions could be confusing. Our team produced a Canadian-French version of the P-SAFE. After minor rewording in the instructions, the P-SAFE questionnaire appears culturally appropriate for use with French-speaking PLC in Canada. Further testing of the French version will require evaluation of psychometric properties of validity and reliability.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Presence of Arterial Stiffness in the Prepubescent Population
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno Maria Isabel , Vilches-Perez Alberto , Gallardo-Escribano Cristina , Vargas-Candela Antonio , Lopez-Carmona Maria Dolores , Pérez-Belmonte Luis Miguel , Ruiz-Moreno Alejandro , Gomez-Huelgas Ricardo , Bernal-Lopez Maria Rosa
Published: September 2020

Aim: Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, one of the world’s leading causes of death, first manifests itself at an early age. The identification of children who may have increased cardiovascular risk in the future could be an important prevention strategy. Our aim was to assess the clinical, analytical, and dietary variables associated with arterial stiffness (AS), measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in a prepubescent population with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study in prepubescent subjects with obesity who had ≤1 metabolic syndrome criteria (abdominal perimeter and blood pressure ≥90th percentile, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dL, fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL) was conducted. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, blood pressure, BMI, waist/height ratio (WHtR), glycemic status, lipid profile, and cfPWV were analyzed. 75 MHO children (boys: 43; girls: 32; p = 0.20) (age = 10.05 ± 1.29 years; BMI = 25.29 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were included. Results: We found a positive correlation between cfPWV and weight (r = 0.51; p < 0.0001), BMI (r = 0.44; p < 0.0001), WHtR (r = 0.26; p = 0.02), fasting insulin levels (r = 0.28; p = 0.02), and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index) (r = 0.25; p = 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis identified BMI and HOMA-IR as independent parameters associated with cfPWV. Conclusions: Prepubescent children with obesity who were shown to be metabolically healthy presented with arterial stiffness, which is closely related to BMI and the state of insulin resistance.
Cybervictimization, Self-Concept, Aggressiveness, and School Anxiety in School Children: A Structural Equations Analysis
Authors: Escortell Raquel , Delgado Beatriz , Martínez-Monteagudo María C.
Published: September 2020

The rapid increase in cases of cybervictimization amongst children has led researchers to examine the psychoemotional factors related to cyberbullying behavior, in an attempt to prevent and minimize its impact. The objective of this study was to establish and contrast the fit of an explanatory model on cybervictimization based on its relationship with self-concept, aggressiveness, and school anxiety using a structural equations analysis. A total of 542 Spanish students aged 10–12 (M age = 10.97; SD = 0.74) completed a battery of questionnaires. An adjusted structural equations model was obtained (χ2 = 512.23; df = 99; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.928; NFI = 0.91; IFI = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.078). A direct and negative relationship was obtained between cybervictimization and self-concept and between cybervictimization and school anxiety. In addition, a direct and positive relationship was found between aggressiveness and self-concept and between aggressiveness and school anxiety. Indirect relationships were not found between the variables. The study’s findings demonstrate that the variables of self-concept and school anxiety are directly related to cybervictimization and that the improved psychoemotional adjustment of the youngest students may help to prevent the risk of being victimized over the Internet.