bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cometary Comae-Surface Links
Authors: Marschall Raphael , Skorov Yuri , Zakharov Vladimir , Rezac Ladislav , Gerig Selina-Barbara , Christou Chariton , Dadzie S. Kokou , Migliorini Alessandra , Rinaldi Giovanna , Agarwal Jessica , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Kappel David
Published: November 2020

A comet is a highly dynamic object, undergoing a permanent state of change. These changes have to be carefully classified and considered according to their intrinsic temporal and spatial scales. The Rosetta mission has, through its contiguous in-situ and remote sensing coverage of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) over the time span of August 2014 to September 2016, monitored the emergence, culmination, and winding down of the gas and dust comae. This provided an unprecedented data set and has spurred a large effort to connect in-situ and remote sensing measurements to the surface. In this review, we address our current understanding of cometary activity and the challenges involved when linking comae data to the surface. We give the current state of research by describing what we know about the physical processes involved from the surface to a few tens of kilometres above it with respect to the gas and dust emission from cometary nuclei. Further, we describe how complex multidimensional cometary gas and dust models have developed from the Halley encounter of 1986 to today. This includes the study of inhomogeneous outgassing and determination of the gas and dust production rates. Additionally, the different approaches used and results obtained to link coma data to the surface will be discussed. We discuss forward and inversion models and we describe the limitations of the respective approaches. The current literature suggests that there does not seem to be a single uniform process behind cometary activity. Rather, activity seems to be the consequence of a variety of erosion processes, including the sublimation of both water ice and more volatile material, but possibly also more exotic processes such as fracture and cliff erosion under thermal and mechanical stress, sub-surface heat storage, and a complex interplay of these processes. Seasons and the nucleus shape are key factors for the distribution and temporal evolution of activity and imply that the heliocentric evolution of activity can be highly individual for every comet, and generalisations can be misleading.
Learning and dropout in contests: an experimental approach
Authors: Fallucchi Francesco , Niederreiter Jan , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: November 2020

We design an experiment to study investment behavior in different repeated contest settings, varying the uncertainty of the outcomes and the number of participants in contests. We find decreasing over-expenditures and a higher rate of ‘dropout’ in contests with high uncertainty over outcomes (winner-take-all contests), while we detect a quick convergence toward equilibrium predictions and a near to full participation when this type of uncertainty vanishes (proportional-prize contests). These results are robust to changes in the number of contestants. A learning parameter estimation using the experience-weighted attraction (EWA) model suggests that subjects adopt different learning modes across different contest structures and helps to explain expenditure patterns deviating from theoretical predictions.
Entrack: Probabilistic Spherical Regression with Entropy Regularization for Fiber Tractography
Authors: Wegmayr Viktor , Buhmann Joachim M.
Published: November 2020

White matter tractography, based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, is currently the only available in vivo method to gather information on the structural brain connectivity. The low resolution of diffusion MRI data suggests to employ probabilistic methods for streamline reconstruction, i.e., for fiber crossings. We propose a general probabilistic model for spherical regression based on the Fisher-von-Mises distribution, which efficiently estimates maximum entropy posteriors of local streamline directions with machine learning methods. The optimal precision of posteriors for streamlines is determined by an information-theoretic technique, the expected log-posterior agreement concept. It relies on the requirement that the posterior distributions of streamlines, inferred on retest measurements of the same subject, should yield stable results within the precision determined by the noise level of the data source.
Know Your Counterparts: The Importance of Wording for Stakeholder Communication in Social Franchise Enterprises
Authors: Bergfeld Arne , Plagmann Carolin , Lutz Eva
Published: November 2020

Social enterprises pursue a dual mission: on the one hand, they strive for social purpose, while on the other, they try to achieve economic stability despite scarce resources. To achieve the dual mission, social enterprises avail themselves of both for-profit and non-profit institutional logics. Due to this combination of multiple institutional logics, such enterprises can be classified as hybrid organizations. This study focuses on these organizations and investigates tensions between social enterprises and various stakeholder groups caused by the use of commercial logics within the social sector. In particular, we examine the perception of commercial versus social welfare logics by various stakeholder groups, and investigate the effects on organizational communication. Our study is centered on social franchise enterprises. We use an exploratory qualitative research approach based on semi-structured interviews with 21 social franchisors and social franchisees of seven social franchise enterprises. Our main results suggest that the use of commercial logics in the social sector tends to decrease the legitimacy of social franchise enterprises in the eyes of internal stakeholders, the general public, and various (but not all) external stakeholder groups. Many stakeholders of social franchise enterprises show a strong aversion to commercial logics, and particularly to commercial terminology. Overall, we conclude that social franchise enterprises very consciously apply commercial and social welfare logics and use alternative terminology where necessary to retain legitimacy and prevent tensions.
Trends in Demand of Urban Surface Water Extractions and in Situ Use Functions
Authors: van der Meulen E. S. , Sutton N. B. , van de Ven F. H. M. , van Oel P. R. , Rijnaarts H. H. M.
Published: November 2020

Scientific literature currently lacks comprehensive understanding of urban surface water use functions. This hampers sound analysis of the demand and potential supply of these functions. This study provides a comprehensive overview of potential use functions, by integrating knowledge from ecosystem services and integrated urban water management fields. Analysis of water-related management plans for Toronto and Amsterdam shows that surface water is currently being used for a variety of functions related to nutrition, energy, water regulation, recreation, symbolic use, transportation and floating buildings. Notably, many use functions involve in situ use, rather than water extractions. Interviewed water managers and spatial planners in both cities expect demand of most use functions to increase by 2040, especially demand for thermal energy extraction, recreation and transportation. Some identified novel demands, such as climate regulation and reuse of waste products from waterway maintenance. Increasing demand is mainly driven by urban growth, climate change and sustainability ambitions. This study found urban surface water uses that are usually not acknowledged in scientific literature on urban water management. This comprehensive overview supports planning, design, and maintenance of urban surface waters, laying the foundation for future research on supply and demand of urban water use functions.
Fabrication, microstructures, and optical properties of Yb:Lu2O3 laser ceramics from co-precipitated nano-powders
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Toci Guido , Pirri Angela , Patrizi Barbara , Feng Yagang , Wei Jiabei , Wu Feng , Yang Zhaoxiang , Vannini Matteo , Li Jiang
Published: November 2020

The Yb:Lu2O3precursor made up of spherical particles was synthesized through the co-precipitation method in the water/ethanol solvent. The 5 at% Yb:Lu2O3powder is in the cubic phase after calcination at 1100 °C for 4 h. The powder also consists of spherical nanoparticles with the average particle and grain sizes of 96 and 49 nm, respectively. The average grain size of the pre-sintered ceramic sample is 526 nm and that of the sample by hot isostatic pressing grows to 612 nm. The 1.0 mm-thick sample has an in-line transmittance of 81.6% (theoretical value of 82.2%) at 1100 nm. The largest absorption cross-section at 976 nm is 0.96×10−20cm2with the emission cross-section at 1033 nm of 0.92×10−20cm2and the gain cross sections are calculated with the smallest population inversion parameter β of 0.059. The highest slope efficiency of 68.7% with the optical efficiency of 65.1% is obtained at 1033.3 nm in quasi-continuous wave (QCW) pumping. In the case of continuous wave (CW) pumping, the highest slope efficiency is 61.0% with the optical efficiency of 54.1%. The obtained laser performance indicates that Yb:Lu2O3ceramics have excellent resistance to thermal load stresses, which shows great potential in high-power solid-state laser applications.
The Horizontal Effect of the Charter: Towards an Understanding of Horizontality as a Structural Constitutional Principle
Authors: FRANTZIOU Eleni
Published: November 2020

This article analyses the main debates over the application of the Charter to disputes between private parties and assesses the ways in which the case law over the last ten years has responded to them. The article goes on to propose an alternative schema, whereby horizontality can be understood as a structural principle of EU fundamental rights adjudication on its own terms, rather than as an extension of the direct effect doctrine. It is argued that a self-standing principle of horizontality with equally valuable—yet operationally distinct—direct, indirect, and state-mediated manifestations, could respond more coherently to the conceptual, procedural, and remedial challenges displayed in the case law.
Does evolutionary relatedness predict ecological similarity?
Authors: Sclafani Judith A. , Congreve Curtis R. , Patzkowsky Mark E.
Published: November 2020

A fundamental question in paleobiology is whether ecology is correlated with evolutionary history. By combining time-calibrated phylogenetic trees with genus occurrence data through time, we can understand how environmental preferences are distributed on a tree and evaluate support for models of ecological similarity. Exploring parameters that lend support to each evolutionary model will help address questions that lie at the nexus of the evolutionary and ecological sciences. We calculated ecological difference and phylogenetic distance between species pairs for 83 taxa used in recent phylogenetic revisions of the brachiopod order Strophomenida. Ecological difference was calculated as the pairwise distance along gradients of water depth, carbonate, and latitudinal affinity. Phylogenetic distance was calculated as the pairwise branch length between tips of the tree. Our results show no relationship between ecological affinity and phylogeny. Instead results suggest an ecological burst during the initial radiation of the clade. This pattern likely reflects scaling at the largest macroevolutionary and macroecological scales preserved in the fossil record. Hierarchical scaling of ecological and evolutionary processes is complex, but phylogenetic paleoecology is an avenue for better evaluating these questions.
Large number of bubble solutions for a fractional elliptic equation with almost critical exponents
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Wei Suting
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the following non-linear equation with a fractional Laplacian operator and almost critical exponents:
\[ (-\Delta)^{s} u=K(|y'|,y'')u^{({N+2s})/(N-2s)\pm\epsilon},\quad u > 0,\quad u\in D^{1,s}(\mathbb{R}^{N}), \]
where N ⩾ 4, 0 < s < 1, (y′, y″) ∈ ℝ2 × ℝN−2, ε > 0 is a small parameter and K(y) is non-negative and bounded. Under some suitable assumptions of the potential function K(r, y″), we will use the finite-dimensional reduction method and some local Pohozaev identities to prove that the above problem has a large number of bubble solutions. The concentration points of the bubble solutions include a saddle point of K(y). Moreover, the functional energies of these solutions are in the order $\epsilon ^{-(({N-2s-2})/({(N-2s)^2})}$.
ON UNRAMIFIED SOLVABLE EXTENSIONS OF SMALL NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: KÖNIG JOACHIM
Published: November 2020

We investigate unramified extensions of number fields with prescribed solvable Galois group G and certain extra conditions. In particular, we are interested in the minimal degree of a number field K, Galois over
$\mathbb {Q}$
, such that K possesses an unramified G-extension. We improve the best known bounds for the degree of such number fields K for certain classes of solvable groups, in particular for nilpotent groups.
THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION
IN QUADRATIC NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: LI ANDREW
Published: November 2020

Aigner showed in 1934 that nontrivial quadratic solutions to

$x^4 + y^4 = 1$
exist only in

$\mathbb Q(\sqrt {-7})$
. Following a method of Mordell, we show that nontrivial quadratic solutions to

$x^4 + 2^ny^4 = 1$
arise from integer solutions to the equations

$X^4 \pm 2^nY^4 = Z^2$
investigated in 1853 by V. A. Lebesgue.
THE NUMBER OF ROOTS OF A POLYNOMIAL SYSTEM
Authors: MINH NGUYEN CONG , THANG LUU BA , TRUNG TRAN NAM
Published: November 2020

Let I be a zero-dimensional ideal in the polynomial ring
$K[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$
over a field K. We give a bound for the number of roots of I in
$K^n$
counted with combinatorial multiplicity. As a consequence, we give a proof of Alon’s combinatorial Nullstellensatz.
Otolith fluctuating asymmetry inBoops boops(Actinopterygii, Sparidae) from two marine stations (Bizerte and Kelibia) in Tunisian waters
Authors: Ben Labidi Mouna , Mejri Marwa , Shahin Adel A.A.B. , Quignard Jean-Pierre , Trabelsi Monia , Ben Faleh Abderraouf
Published: November 2020

For the first time, saccular otolith shape and size were analysed in 254 samples of the bogueBoops boopscollected from the marine stations of Bizerte and Kelibia situated in north-east Tunisia. The objectives were (1) to examine the inter- and intra-population variation in the otolith shape and size, including length (Lo), width (Wo) and area (Ao) measurements, and (2) to assess the relationship between otolith mass asymmetry (OMA) and total fish length (TL). In addition, the impact of pollution present in these two stations on the shape and size of the otolith in relation to the TL was discussed. Analyses of the otolith shape and biometric data showed a statistically significant asymmetry in the otolith shape (P< 0.0001) between the right and left sides within the population of Bizerte, as well as between the otoliths from the same right-right and left-left sides between the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. Similarly, a significant Wo asymmetry (P< 0.05) was recorded within the population of Kelibia. Conversely, a significant symmetry was detected in Lo and Ao (P> 0.05) between the right and left sides within the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. Moreover, the level of asymmetry of Ao was higher than that of Lo and Wo in both populations. Nevertheless, Student'st-test showed no statistically significant differences (P> 0.05) for Lo, Wo and Ao in relation to the means of TL between the three groups of the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia, although significant differences (P< 0.05) were found by using box plots. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship (P> 0.05) was detected between OMA and TL within and between the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. The possible cause of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the otolith shape and size both within and/or between populations of the two stations has been discussed in relation to the instability of development induced by environmental stress associated with the variation in water temperature, salinity, depth, feeding conditions and pollutants present in these stations.
SEDUCTIONS OF THE BOUZOUKI AND THE BRASS BAND: TRANSGRESSIVE REFLECTIONS ON MIKIS THEODORAKIS AND GIUSEPPE VERDI
Authors: Herzfeld Michael
Published: November 2020

It may transgress convention to compare Mikis Theodorakis, better known for his songs than for his operatic work, with the Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi. Both, however, in very different national contexts, were engaged in political activity through their music – which often faced severe censorship – and their parliamentary activity. Both drew on popular traditions and utilised strong rhythms in their earlier works, experimenting later with freer forms. The differences between them meanwhile serve to highlight important differences between two countries often viewed within the shared frame of assumed Mediterranean commonalities and of ancient cultural origins, and help us to understand the role music plays in linking lived time to recorded history.
States of ambivalence: Recovering the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in International Relations
Authors: Berenskötter Felix , Nymalm Nicola
Published: November 2020

This article revisits and revives the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in theorising international relations by discussing how this figure appears and what role it plays in the politics of (collective) identity. It shows that this concept is central to poststructuralist logic discussing the political production of discourses of danger and to scholarship on ontological security but remains subdued in their analytical narratives. Making the concept of the Stranger explicit is important, we argue, because it directs attention to ambivalence as a source of anxiety and grasps the unsettling experiences that political strategies of conquest or conversion, including practices of securitisation, respond to. Against this backdrop, the article provides a nuanced reading of the Stanger as a form of otherness that captures ambiguity as a threat to modern conceptions of identity, and outlines three scenarios of how it may be encountered in interstate relations: the phenomenon of ‘rising powers’ from the perspective of the hegemon, the dissolution of enmity (overcoming an antagonistic relationship), and the dissolution of friendship (close allies drifting apart). Aware that recovering the concept is not simply an academic exercise but may feed into how the term is used in political discourse and how practitioners deal with ‘strange encounters’, we conclude by pointing to alternative readings of the Stranger/strangeness and the value of doing so.
What difference does an academic makerspace make? A case study on the effect and outreach of DTU Skylab
Authors: Özkil Ali Gürcan , Skovgaard Jensen Lasse , Hansen Camilla Arndt
Published: November 2020

With the rise of the “Maker Movement” and the entrepreneurial university, academic makerspaces became widespread. These facilities provide tools and machines that enable making and tinkering; and while the offerings, organizational and operational models, and outreach of the academic makerspaces can vary widely across institutions, their common value proposition is enabling innovation, entrepreneurship, and hands-on project-based learning and these studies are largely qualitative and exploratory by nature. Through a case study, this paper presents an in-depth analysis and insights on the users and usage of an academic makerspace. Using the data generated by and collected from the users of an academic makerspace, we evaluate the effects of having access to the makerspace on users' teaching and learning experiences, and their satisfaction with the offerings. Our results show that attracting courses and educators to the facilities played a strong role in growing the user base, courses and teaching activities introduced new teaching and learning activities to adopt the offerings, group and project work is positively impacted, and the users are very satisfied with the facilities and having the access to its offerings. The analysis also showed that the demand for the offerings can be challenging to manage during certain periods, most of the users come from three departments (mechanical, electrical, civil engineering), and the diversity of the users could improve with the introduction of new offerings, such as a wet lab for bio/chemistry experiments and a food lab to tinker with food processing and preparation.
The importance of riparian forests and tree plantations for the occurrence of the European Turtle DoveStreptopelia turturin an intensively cultivated agroecosystem
Authors: CHIATANTE GIANPASQUALE , PORRO ZENO , MERIGGI ALBERTO
Published: November 2020

Farmland birds represent a large proportion of European avifauna, and the populations of several species have suffered a dramatic decline in recent decades. Among these species, the European Turtle DoveStreptopelia turturhas undergone rapid decline in much of its European range. Therefore, the main aims of this research are to estimate the population density of the Turtle Dove and to investigate its habitat use at home range scale in an intensively cultivated agroecosystem in northern Italy. In the 2015 breeding season we carried out turtle dove counts from 372 point-counts, randomly allocated following a stratified cluster sampling design. The density was estimated by distance sampling, whereas the habitat suitability was assessed by Resource Selection Probability Function. In particular, we followed a presencevsavailability approach, using binary logistic regression and the Information-Theoretic approach. During fieldwork, 76 observations of Turtle Dove were collected and a density of 5.0 pairs/km2was estimated. The Turtle Dove inhabits areas with high tree cover, either semi-natural forests or tree plantations, as well as areas with many shrubs and hedgerows. On the other hand, areas with a high proportion of crops, such as paddyfields, maize, and winter cereals are avoided. For the species’ conservation, it is necessary to maintain a combination of habitat features with suitable nesting and feeding areas, as the degradation of either of these may reduce Turtle Dove populations.
Temperament, parenting styles and the intensity of early maladaptive schemas: assessment of correlations in a non-clinical adult group
Authors: Mącik Dorota
Published: November 2020

Background:

Prior research has partially verified the significance of child temperament and styles of upbringing for schema intensity. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the inter-relations between them.

Aim:

The present study examined how temperament (stable and labile) and style of parenting (positive and negative) are related to each other, and to early maladaptive schemas.

Method:

Participants (395 healthy adults) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire YSQ-S3 and the Retrospective Assessment of Parents’ Attitudes and Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Structural equation modelling was used to verify hypotheses.

Results:

Temperament and parental styles together explain more than 59% of the variance of schema intensity. The obtained path coefficients show one-way directions of inter-relations. Stable temperament connects to schemas directly with a negative path coefficient. Labile temperament shows a significant positive association with negative parental attitudes, but not directly with schemas. Negative parenting is positively connected with schemas. A positive style of parenting is not significantly connected with temperament and schemas.

Conclusions:

Results show evidence that negative style of parenting and labile temperament features are more important for schema developing and may be treated as risk factors. Because temperament seems to be a relatively persistent feature, it may play a similar role in adulthood, reinforcing emotions and feelings in the context of environment, and then maintain the schemas.
Compared benefits of educational programs dedicated to diabetic patients with or without community pharmacist involvement
Authors: Foucault-Fruchard Laura , Bizzoto Laura , Allemang-Trivalle Aude , Renoult-Pierre Peggy , Antier Daniel
Published: November 2020

Background:

International guidelines on diabetes control strongly encourage the setting-up of therapeutic educational programs (TEP). However, more than half of the patients fail to control their diabetes a few months post-TEP because of a lack of regular follow-up by medical professionals. The DIAB-CH is a TEP associated with the follow-up of diabetic patients by the community pharmacist.

Aim:

To compare the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) in diabetic patients of Control (neither TEP-H nor community pharmacist intervention), TEP-H (TEP in hospital only) and DIAB-CH (TEP-H plus community pharmacist follow-up) groups.

Methods:

A comparative cohort study design was applied. Patients included in the TEP-H from July 2017 to December 2017 were enrolled in the DIAB-CH group. The TEP-H session was conducted by a multidisciplinary team composed of two diabetologists, two dieticians and seven nurses. The HbA1c level and the BMI (when over 30 kg/m2at M0) of patients in Control (n= 20), TEP-H (n= 20) and DIAB-CH (n= 20) groups were collected at M0, M0 + 6 and M0 + 12 months. First, HbA1c and BMI were compared between M0, M6 and M12 in the three groups with the Friedman test, followed by the Benjamini-Hochberg post-test. Secondly, the HbA1c and BMI of the three groups were compared at M0, M6 and M12 using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Findings:

While no difference in HbA1c was measured between M0, M6 and M12 in the Control group, Hb1Ac was significantly reduced in both TEP-H and DIAB-CH groups between M0 and M6 (P= 0.0072 andP= 0.0034, respectively), and between M0 and M12 only in the DIAB-CH group (P= 0.0027). In addition, a significant decrease in the difference between the measured HbA1c and the target assigned by diabetologists was observed between M0 and M6 in both TEP-H and DIAB-CH groups (P= 0.0072 andP= 0.0044, respectively) but only for the patients of the DIAB-CH group between M0 and M12 (P= 0.0044). No significant difference (P> 0.05) in BMI between the groups was observed.

Conclusion:

The long-lasting benefit on glycemic control of multidisciplinary group sessions associated with community pharmacist-led educational interventions on self-care for diabetic patients was demonstrated in the present study. There is thus evidence pointing to the effectiveness of a community/hospital care collaboration of professionals on diabetes control in primary care.
Utilitarianism and the question of free labor in Russia and India, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: Stanziani Alessandro
Published: November 2020

Liberal utilitarianism is usually presented as a current of thought mostly inspired by Jeremy Bentham and other Western European thinkers, and eventually diffused in other parts of the world. This paper adopts a different approach and shows, on the one hand, how the Bentham brothers’ experiences in Russia and serfdom in particular inspired their invention of the Panopticon. The latter was not related to deviance (Foucault's interpretation), but to labor organization and surveillance. On the other hand, the interplay between utilitarianism and colonial India led Bentham, then James and John Stuart Mill, and ultimately Henry Maine to revise utilitarianism, in particular the relationship between law, labor, and political economy. In both the Britain–Russia interplay and Britain–India interplay, the tension between universalism and particularism of philosophical, social and economic categories was at work.
Agreeing to Disagree: The European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit
Authors: Bradley Kieran
Published: November 2020

Brexit – Withdrawal Agreement – Article 50 TEU – Negotiations – Legal character of agreement – Transition period – ‘New legal order’ – ‘Due regard’ – ECJ jurisdiction – Governance – Enforcement and supervision – Dispute settlement – Future relations
Using Nuclear Fallout to Measure Soil Erosion in Tunisia
Authors: Sikiti da Silva Issa
Published: November 2020

Cesium-137 acts as a tracer to evaluate the efficiency of conservation methods.
Monogenetic Near‐Island Seamounts in the Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: Schwartz D. M. , Wanless V. D. , Soule S. A. , Schmitz M. D. , Kurz M. D.
Published: November 2020

Rarely have small seamounts on the flanks of hotspot derived ocean‐island volcanoes been the targets of sampling, due to sparse high‐resolution mapping near ocean islands. In the Galápagos Archipelago, for instance, sampling has primarily targeted the subaerial volcanic edifices, with only a few studies focusing on large‐volume submarine features. Sampling restricted to these large volcanic features may present a selection bias, potentially resulting in a skewed view of magmatic and source processes because mature magmatic systems support mixing and volcanic accretion that overprints early magmatic stages. We demonstrate how finer‐scale sampling of satellite seamounts surrounding the volcanic islands in the Galápagos can be used to lessen this bias and thus, better constrain the evolution of these volcanoes. Seamounts were targeted in the vicinity of Floreana and Fernandina Islands, and between Santiago and Santa Cruz. In all regions, individual seamounts are typically monogenetic, but each seamount field requires multigenerational magmatic episodes to account for their geochemical variability. This study demonstrates that in the southern and eastern regions the seamounts are characterized by greater geochemical variability than the islands they surround but all three regions have (Sr‐Nd‐He) isotopic signatures that resemble neighboring islands. Variations in seamount chemistry from alkalic to tholeiitic near Fernandina support the concept that islands along the center of the hotspot track undergo greater mean depths of melting, as predicted by plume theory. Patterns of geochemical and isotopic enrichment of seamounts within each region support fine‐scale mantle heterogeneities in the mantle plume sourcing the Galápagos hotspot.
Enduring neurobehavioral effects induced by microbiota depletion during the adolescent period
Authors: Lach Gilliard , Fülling Christine , Bastiaanssen Thomaz F. S. , Fouhy Fiona , Donovan Aoife N. O’ , Ventura-Silva Ana Paula , Stanton Catherine , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F.
Published: November 2020

The gut microbiota is an essential regulator of many aspects of host physiology. Disruption of gut microbial communities affects gut-brain communication which ultimately can manifest as changes in brain function and behaviour. Transient changes in gut microbial composition can be induced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, however, it is possible that enduring shifts in the microbiota composition can be achieved by perturbation at a timepoint when the gut microbiota has not fully matured or is generally unstable, such as during early life or ageing. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-week microbiota depletion with antibiotic treatment during the adolescent period and in adulthood. Following a washout period to restore the gut microbiota, behavioural and molecular hallmarks of gut-brain communication were investigated. Our data revealed that transient microbiota depletion had long-lasting effects on microbiota composition and increased anxiety-like behaviour in mice exposed to antibiotic treatment during adolescence but not in adulthood. Similarly, gene expression in the amygdala was more severely affected in mice treated during adolescence. Taken together these data highlight the vulnerability of the gut microbiota during the critical adolescent period and the long-lasting impact manipulations of the microbiota can have on gene expression and behaviour in adulthood.
Micro-combinatorial sampling of the optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous $$\hbox {Si}_{1-x}\,\hbox {Ge}_{{x}}$$ for the entire range of compositions towards a database for optoelectronics
Authors: Kalas Benjamin , Zolnai Zsolt , Sáfrán György , Serényi Miklós , Agocs Emil , Lohner Tivadar , Nemeth Attila , Khánh Nguyen Quoc , Fried Miklós , Petrik Peter
Published: November 2020

The optical parameters of hydrogenated amorphous a-$$\hbox {Si}_{1-x}\,\hbox {Ge}_{{x}}$$

Si

1
-
x

Ge
x

:H layers were measured with focused beam mapping ellipsometry for photon energies from 0.7 to 6.5 eV. The applied single-sample micro-combinatorial technique enables the preparation of a-$$\hbox {Si}_{1-x}\,\hbox {Ge}_{{x}}$$

Si

1
-
x

Ge
x

:H with full range composition spread. Linearly variable composition profile was revealed along the 20 mm long gradient part of the sample by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and elastic recoil detection analysis. The Cody-Lorentz approach was identified as the best method to describe the optical dispersion of the alloy. The effect of incorporated H on the optical absorption is explained by the lowering of the density of localized states in the mobility gap. It is shown that in the low-dispersion near infrared range the refractive index of the a-$$\hbox {Si}_{1-x}\,\hbox {Ge}_x$$

Si

1
-
x

Ge
x

alloy can be comprehended as a linear combination of the optical parameters of the components. The micro-combinatorial sample preparation with mapping ellipsometry is not only suitable for the fabrication of samples with controlled lateral distribution of the concentrations, but also opens new prospects in creating databases of compounds for optical and optoelectonic applications.
Spectrochemical differentiation in gestational diabetes mellitus based on attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Bernardes-Oliveira Emanuelly , de Freitas Daniel Lucas Dantas , de Morais Camilo de Lelis Medeiros , Cornetta Maria da Conceição de Mesquita , Camargo Juliana Dantas de Araújo Santos , de Lima Kassio Michell Gomes , Crispim Janaina Cristiana de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycaemic imbalance first recognized during pregnancy, and affects up to 22% of pregnancies worldwide, bringing negative maternal–fetal consequences in the short- and long-term. In order to better characterize GDM in pregnant women, 100 blood plasma samples (50 GDM and 50 healthy pregnant control group) were submitted Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, using chemometric approaches, including feature selection algorithms associated with discriminant analysis, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), analyzed in the biofingerprint region between 1800 and 900 cm−1 followed by Savitzky–Golay smoothing, baseline correction and normalization to Amide-I band (~ 1650 cm−1). An initial exploratory analysis of the data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a separation tendency between the two groups, which were then classified by supervised algorithms. Overall, the results obtained by Genetic Algorithm Linear Discriminant Analysis (GA-LDA) were the most satisfactory, with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The spectral features responsible for group differentiation were attributed mainly to the lipid/protein regions (1462–1747 cm−1). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost GDM detection.
Combination of data-driven models and interpolation technique to develop of PM10 map for Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dung Anh , Duong Son Hong , Tran Phuong Anh , Cao Hai Hoang , Ho Bang Quoc
Published: November 2020

The degradation of air quality is the most concerned issue of our society due to its harmful impacts on human health, especially in cities with rapid urbanization and population growth like Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. This study aims at developing a new approach that combines data-driven models and interpolation technique to develop the PM10 concentration maps from meteorological factors for the central area of Hanoi. Data-driven models that relate the PM10 concentration with the meteorological factors at the air quality monitoring stations in the study area were developed using the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms. Models’ performance comparison showed that ANN models yielded better goodness-of-fit indices than MLR models at all stations in the study area with average coefficient of correlation (r) and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSE) of 0.51 and 0.34 for the former, and 0.7 and 0.49 for the latter. These indices indicates that the ANN-based data-driven models outperformed the MLR-based models. Thus, the ANN-based models and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique were then combined for mapping the monthly PM10 concentration with a spatial resolution of 1 km from global meteorological data. With this combination, the PM10 concentration maps account for both local PM10 concentration and impacts of spatio-temporal variations of meteorological factors on the PM10 concentration. This study provides a promising method to predict the PM concentration with a high spatio-temporal resolution from meteorological data.
Increased mosquito abundance and species richness in Connecticut, United States 2001–2019
Authors: Petruff Tanya A. , McMillan Joseph R. , Shepard John J. , Andreadis Theodore G. , Armstrong Philip M.
Published: November 2020

Historical declines in multiple insect taxa have been documented across the globe in relation to landscape-level changes in land use and climate. However, declines have either not been universally observed in all regions or examined for all species. Because mosquitoes are insects of public health importance, we analyzed a longitudinal mosquito surveillance data set from Connecticut (CT), United States (U.S.) from 2001 to 2019 to identify changes in mosquito community composition over time. We first analyzed annual site-level collections and metrics of mosquito community composition with generalized linear/additive mixed effects models; we also examined annual species-level collections using the same tools. We then examined correlations between statewide collections and weather variables as well as site-level collections and land cover classifications. We found evidence that the average trap night collection of mosquitoes has increased by ~ 60% and statewide species richness has increased by ~ 10% since 2001. Total species richness was highest in the southern portion of CT, likely due to the northward range expansion of multiple species within the Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Psorophora genera. How the expansion of mosquito populations in the northeast U.S. will alter mosquito-borne pathogen transmission in the region will require further investigation.
Photobiomodulation drives pericyte mobilization towards skin regeneration
Authors: do Valle Isabella Bittencourt , Prazeres Pedro Henrique Dias Moura , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , de Castro Oliveira Hortência Maciel , Castro Pollyana Ribeiro , Freitas Iuri Dornelas Prates , Oliveira Sicília Rezende , Gomes Natália Aparecida , de Oliveira Rafaela Férrer , Marquiore Larissa Fassarela , Macari Soraia , do Amaral Flávio Almeida , Jácome-Santos Humberto , Barcelos Lucíola Silva , Menezes Gustavo Batista , Marques Márcia Martins , Birbrair Alexander , Diniz Ivana Márcia Alves
Published: November 2020

Photobiomodulation is being widely applied for improving dermal or mucosal wound healing. However, the underlying cellular and molecular processes that directly contribute to its effects remain poorly understood. Pericytes are relevant cells involved in the wound microenvironment and could be one of the main targets of photobiomodulation due to their plasticity and perivascular localization. Herein, we investigate tissue repair under the photobiomodulation stimulus using a pericyte labeled (or reporter) transgenic mice. Using a model of two contralateral back wounds, one the control and the other photoactivated daily (660 nm, 20 mW, 0.71 W/cm2, 5 J/cm2, 7 s, 0.14 J), we showed an overall influx of immune and undifferentiated cells and higher mobilization of a potent pericyte subpopulation (Type-2 pericytes) in the photoactivated wounds in comparison to the controls. Doppler analysis showed a significant increase in the blood flow in the photoactivated wounds, while marked vascular supply was observed histologically. Histochemical analysis has indicated more advanced stages of tissue repair after photoactivation. These data suggest that photobiomodulation significantly accelerates tissue repair through its vascular effects with direct recruitment of pericytes to the injury site.
Modeling schistosomiasis spatial risk dynamics over time in Rwanda using zero-inflated Poisson regression
Authors: Nyandwi Elias , Osei Frank Badu , Veldkamp Tom , Amer Sherif
Published: November 2020

The recorded clinical cases of S. mansoni at primary health facility level contain an excessive number of zero records. This could mean that no S. mansoni infection occurred (a true zero) in the health facility service area but it could also that at least one infection occurred but none were reported or diagnosed (a false zero). Standard statistical analysis, using exploratory or confirmatory spatial regression, fail to account for this type of data insufficiency. This study developed a zero-inflated Poisson model to explore the spatiotemporal variation in schistosomiasis risk at a fine spatial scale. We used environmental data generated at primary health facility service area level as explanatory variables affecting transmission risk. Identified risk factors were subsequently used to project the spatial variability of S. mansoni infection risk for 2050. The zero-inflated Poisson model shows a considerable increase of relative risk of the schistosomiasis over one decade. Furthermore, the changes between the risk in 2009 and forecasted risk by 2050 indicated both persistent and emerging areas with high relative risk of schistosomiasis infection. The risk of schistosomiasis transmission is 69%, 29%, and 50% higher in areas with rice cultivation, proximity to rice farms, and proximity to a water body respectively. The prediction and forecasting maps provide a valuable tool for monitoring schistosomiasis risk in Rwanda and planning future disease control initiatives in wetland ecosystem development context.
Plant functional traits are correlated with species persistence in the herb layer of old-growth beech forests
Authors: Campetella Giandiego , Chelli Stefano , Simonetti Enrico , Damiani Claudia , Bartha Sandor , Wellstein Camilla , Giorgini Daniele , Puletti Nicola , Mucina Ladislav , Cervellini Marco , Canullo Roberto
Published: November 2020

This paper explores which traits are correlated with fine-scale (0.25 m2) species persistence patterns in the herb layer of old-growth forests. Four old-growth beech forests representing different climatic contexts (presence or absence of summer drought period) were selected along a north–south gradient in Italy. Eight surveys were conducted in each of the sites during the period spanning 1999–2011. We found that fine-scale species persistence was correlated with different sets of plant functional traits, depending on local ecological context. Seed mass was found to be as important for the fine-scale species persistence in the northern sites, while clonal and bud-bank traits were markedly correlated with the southern sites characterised by summer drought. Leaf traits appeared to correlate with species persistence in the drier and wetter sites. However, we found that different attributes, i.e. helomorphic vs scleromorphic leaves, were correlated to species persistence in the northernmost and southernmost sites, respectively. These differences appear to be dependent on local trait adaptation rather than plant phylogenetic history. Our findings suggest that the persistent species in the old-growth forests might adopt an acquisitive resource-use strategy (i.e. helomorphic leaves with high SLA) with higher seed mass in sites without summer drought, while under water-stressed conditions persistent species have a conservative resource-use strategy (i.e. scleromorphic leaves with low SLA) with an increased importance of clonal and resprouting ability.
Ising ferromagnetism and robust half-metallicity in two-dimensional honeycomb-kagome Cr2O3 layer
Authors: Hashmi Arqum , Nakanishi Kenta , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ono Tomoya
Published: November 2020

In contrast to the current research on two-dimensional (2D) materials, which is mainly focused on graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide-like structures, studies on 2D transition metal oxides are rare. By using ab initio calculations along with Monte Carlo simulations and nonequilibrium Green’s function method, we demonstrate that the transition metal oxide monolayer (ML) of Cr2O3 is an ideal candidate for next-generation spintronics applications. 2D Cr2O3 has honeycomb-kagome lattice, where the Dirac and strongly correlated fermions coexist around the Fermi level. Furthermore, the spin exchange coupling constant shows strong ferromagnetic (FM) interaction between Cr atoms. Cr2O3 ML has a robust half-metallic behavior with a large spin gap of ~3.9 eV and adequate Curie temperature. Interestingly, an intrinsic Ising FM characteristic is observed with a giant perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of ~0.9 meV. Most remarkably, nonequilibrium Green’s function calculations reveal that the Cr2O3 ML exhibits an excellent spin filtering effect.
Luminous silica colloids with carbon dot incorporation for sensitive immunochromatographic assay of Zika virus
Authors: Xu Lai-Di , Du Feng-Luan , Zhu Jin , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: November 2020

Fluorescent SiO2 colloids prepared from silanized CDs embedded in silica spheres were integrated with an immunochromatographic platform for Zika virus detection.
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation and proton conductivity of three hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Yijie , Zhang Minghui , Yang Qianqian , Yin Jianbo , Liu Di , Shang Yanxue , Kang Zixi , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: November 2020

In this communication, we report the SCSC transformation and proton conductivity of three H-bonded organic frameworks. The results show that H-bonded systems can improve their proton conductivity by uptaking water molecules based on the adaptability.
The latest development of CoOOH two-dimensional materials used as OER catalysts
Authors: Zhang Shengqi , Yu Tao , Wen Hui , Ni Zhiyuan , He Yan , Guo Rui , You Junhua , Liu Xuanwen
Published: November 2020

The influence of the structure–activity relationship of the two-dimensional CoOOH catalyst on the OER is analyzed from different angles.
Small molecule–PNA oligomer conjugates for rRNA A-site at neutral pH for FID assays
Authors: Lee En Ting Tabitha , Sato Yusuke , Nishizawa Seiichi
Published: November 2020

A conjugation strategy was used to synthesize light-up probes for the bacterial rRNA A-site with strong binding affinity and selectivity.
A transient lanthanum phosphinidene complex
Authors: Watt Fabian A. , McCabe Karl N. , Schoch Roland , Maron Laurent , Hohloch Stephan
Published: November 2020

Deprotonation of the terminal phosphido complex (PN)2La(PHMes) results in the C–H-activation of one of the PN ligands via a transient phosphinidene complex.
Quantitative calculations of the non-radiative rate of phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes
Authors: Zhou Xiuwen , Powell Benjamin J.
Published: November 2020

We calculated, quantitatively, the non-radiative rate of a family of Ir(iii) phosphors by two methods based on transition state theory.
Dimensional interpolation for metallic hydrogen
Authors: Ghosh Kumar J. B. , Kais Sabre , Herschbach Dudley R.
Published: November 2020

The ground state energy of metallic hydrogen obtained from dimensional interpolation.
The fluorescence toolbox for visualizing autophagy
Authors: Ding Siyang , Hong Yuning
Published: November 2020

This review summarizes current advances in the rational design of fluorescence tools for monitoring and measuring autophagy.