bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving gap solitons in periodic potentials
Authors: Pelinovsky Dmitry , Schneider Guido
Published: March 2008

We address the existence of moving gap solitons (traveling localized solutions) in the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a small periodic potential. Moving gap solitons are approximated by the explicit solutions of the coupled‐mode system. We show, however, that exponentially decaying traveling solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation do not generally exist in the presence of a periodic potential due to bounded oscillatory tails ahead and behind the moving solitary waves. The oscillatory tails are not accounted in the coupled‐mode formalism and are estimated by using techniques of spatial dynamics and local center‐stable manifold reductions. Existence of bounded traveling solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a single bump surrounded by oscillatory tails on a large interval of the spatial scale is proven by using these techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear problems in inelastic deformation theory
Authors: Kamiński P.
Published: March 2008

We will prove uniqueness and existence of solutions for nonlinear problems in the theory of inelastic behavior of metals. We will analyze dynamic problems, both coercive and non‐coercive, assuming maximal monotonicity and special polynomial boundedness for the nonlinear term.
A regularity result for a solid–fluid system associated to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Guerrero S. , Boulakia M.
Published: March 2008

In this paper we deal with a fluid-structure interaction problem for a compressible fluid and a rigid structure immersed in a regular bounded domain in dimension 3. The fluid is modelled by the compressible Navier–Stokes system in the barotropic regime with no-slip boundary conditions and the motion of the structure is described by the usual law of balance of linear and angular moment.

The main result of the paper states that, for small initial data, we have the existence and uniqueness of global smooth solutions as long as no collisions occur. This result is proved in two steps; first, we prove the existence and uniqueness of local solution and then we establish some a priori estimates independently of time.

Dans cet article, nous considérons un problème d'interaction fluide-structure entre un fluide compressible et une structure rigide évoluant à l'intérieur d'un domaine borné et régulier en dimension 3. Le fluide est décrit par le système de Navier–Stokes compressible barotrope avec des conditions de non-glissement sur le bord et le mouvement de la structure est régi par les lois de conservation des moments linéaire et angulaire.

Nous montrons, pour des données initiales petites, l'existence et l'unicité de solutions globales régulières tant qu'il n'y a pas de chocs. Ce résultat est obtenu en deux temps ; tout d'abord, nous prouvons l'existence et l'unicité de solutions locales puis nous démontrons des estimations a priori indépendamment du temps.
The pipe and the pinwheel: Is pressure an effective stimulus for the 9 + 0 primary cilium?
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: March 2008

Almost universally, the effective stimulus for mammalian 9 + 0 primary cilia has been taken to be bending. In this article I point out that in several physiological contexts there is great advantage in detecting pressure differences across the cell wall, i.e. axially directed forces pushing fluid to and fro through the hollow cilium and its basal body beneath. The form of the cilium—a fluid‐filled pipe that connects to an intricate pinwheel‐shaped basal body—is well configured for detecting fluid flow. Pressure‐detection calls for compressible elements within the cell, but it effectively matches form and function in a range of cases. The “pipe and pinwheel” scheme suggests that the bulbous swellings commonly found near the tip of some primary cilia are compliant, pressure‐sensitive elements which act like the bulb of an eye‐dropper. In looking exclusively at the bending of cilia, we might be missing aspects of a dual‐stimulus system.
Ca2+–dimethylphosphate complex formation: Providing insight into Ca2+‐mediated local dehydration and membrane fusion in cells
Authors: Potoff Jeffrey J. , Issa Zeena , Manke Charles W. , Jena Bhanu P.
Published: March 2008

Earlier studies using X‐ray diffraction, light scattering, photon correlation spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, strongly suggest that SNARE‐induced membrane fusion in cells proceeds as a result of calcium bridging opposing bilayers. The bridging of phospholipid heads groups in the opposing bilayers by calcium leads to the release of water from hydrated Ca2+ ions as well as the loosely coordinated water at PO‐lipid head groups. Local dehydration of phospholipid head groups and the calcium, bridging opposing bilayers, then leads to destabilization of the lipid bilayers and membrane fusion. This hypothesis was tested in the current study by atomistic molecular dynamic simulations in the isobaric—isothermal ensemble using hydrated dimethylphosphate anions (DMP−) and calcium cations. Results from the study demonstrate, formation of DMP—Ca2+ complexes and the consequent removal of water, supporting the hypothesis. Our study further demonstrates that as a result of Ca2+–DMP self‐assembly, the distance between anionic oxygens between the two DMP molecules is reduced to 2.92 Å, which is in close agreement with the 2.8 Å SNARE‐induced apposition established between opposing bilayers, reported earlier from X‐ray diffraction measurements.
Osteoporotic bone formation in mice lacking tob2; involvement of Tob2 in RANK ligand expression and osteoclasts differentiation
Authors: Ajima Rieko , Akiyama Toru , Usui Michihiko , Yoneda Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Yutaka , Nakamura Takahisa , Minowa Osamu , Noda Masaki , Tanaka Sakae , Noda Tetsuo , Yamamoto Tadashi
Published: March 2008

Mice lacking tob2, a member of the antiproliferative family genes, had decreased bone mass, and the number of osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow cells was increased. Overexpression of Tob2 in stromal cells repressed vitamin D3‐induced osteoclasts formation. Furthermore, expression of RANKL mRNA in stromal cells was increased in the absence of Tob2 and decreased in the presence of Tob2. Tob2 interacted with vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), which suggests its involvement in vitamin D3 receptor‐mediated regulation of transcription. Because VDR regulates RANKL expression, our data suggest that Tob2 negatively regulates formation of osteoclasts by suppressing RANKL expression through its interaction with VDR.
uORFs, reinitiation and alternative translation start sites in human mRNAs
Authors: Kochetov Alex V. , Ahmad Shandar , Ivanisenko Vladimir , Volkova Oxana A. , Kolchanov Nikolay A. , Sarai Akinori
Published: March 2008

It is known that eukaryotic ribosomes are able to translate small ORFs and reinitiate translation at downstream start codons. However, this mechanism is widely considered to be inefficient and it is not commonly taken into account. We compiled a sample of human mRNAs containing small upstream ORFs overlapping with annotated protein coding sequences. Statistical analysis supported the hypothesis on reinitiation of translation at downstream AUG codons and functional significance of potential alternative ORFs. It may be assumed that some 5′UTR‐located upstream ORFs can deliver ribosomes to alternative translation starts, and they should be taken into consideration in the prediction of human mRNA coding potential.
Promoted evolution of a shortened variant of heme A synthase in the membrane of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Lewin Anna , Hederstedt Lars
Published: March 2008

Bacillus subtilis heme A synthase is a membrane protein with 8 transmembrane segments. By using a two‐step mutagenesis approach we have generated and selected a fully functional enzyme protein variant with a seven residue internal deletion. The biochemical properties of the shortened variant are similar to those of the normal enzyme. This could indicate that residue H209 in the mutant protein substitutes for the missing H216 as an axial ligand to the heme iron. Our results provide insight in routes of membrane protein evolution and the structure of heme A synthases.
The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADe): Design and baseline characteristics
Authors: Jones Roy W. , Kivipelto Miia , Feldman Howard , Sparks Larry , Doody Rachelle , Waters David D. , Hey-Hadavi Judith , Breazna Andrei , Schindler Rachel J. , Ramos Harry ,   LEADe investigators
Published: March 2008

Background

Growing evidence suggests that elevated cholesterol levels in mid‐life are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that statins might have a protective effect against AD and dementia. The Lipitor's Effect in Alzheimer's Dementia (LEADe) study tests the hypothesis that a statin (atorvastatin 80 mg daily) will provide a benefit on the course of mild to moderate AD in patients receiving background therapy of a cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil 10 mg daily).

Methods

This is an international, multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group study with a double‐blind randomized withdrawal phase of patients with mild to moderate AD (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, 13 to 25). Inclusion criteria included age 50 to 90 years, receiving donepezil 10 mg for at least 3 months before randomization, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (LDL‐C) 2.5 to 3.5 mmol/L (95 to 195 mg/dL). Co‐primary end points are changes in AD Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐cog) and AD Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS‐CGIC) scale scores. A confirmatory end point is rate of change in whole brain and hippocampal volumes in patients who enrolled in the magnetic resonance imaging substudy.

Results

Enrollment of 641 subjects is complete. The baseline mean data are age 74 ± 8 years, 53% women, MMSE 22 ± 3, ADAS‐cog 23 ± 10, AD Functional Assessment and Change Scale (ADFACS) 13 ± 9, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) 10 ± 11, and Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) 6 ± 3. Mean prior donepezil treatment was 409 ± 407 days. Mean baseline lipid levels are total cholesterol 5.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L (224 ± 33 mg/dL), LDL‐C 3.7 ± 0.7 mmol/L (143 ± 26 mg/dL), triglycerides 1.5 ± 0.7 mmol/L (132 ± 64 mg/dL), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L (64 ± 18 mg/dL).

Conclusions

LEADe will report in 2008 and is expected to provide a more definitive evaluation of the potential for statins in the treatment of people with AD.
2008 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: March 2008

Alzheimer's disease is the seventh leading cause of all deaths in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans older than the age of 65 years. More than 5 million Americans are estimated to have Alzheimer's disease. Every 71 seconds someone in America develops Alzheimer's disease; by 2050 it is expected to occur every 33 seconds. During the coming decades, baby boomers are projected to add 10 million people to these numbers. By 2050, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease is expected to approach nearly a million people per year, with a total estimated prevalence of 11 to 16 million persons. Significant cost implications related to Alzheimer's disease and other dementias include an estimated $148 billion annually in direct (Medicare/Medicaid) and indirect (eg, caregiver lost wages and out‐of‐pocket expenses, decreased business productivity) costs. Not included in these figures are the estimated 10 million caregivers who annually provide $89 billion in unpaid services to individuals with Alzheimer's disease. This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, including incidence and prevalence, mortality, lifetime risks, costs, and impact on family caregivers.
Proximal pharyngeal reflux correlates with increasing severity of lingual tonsil hypertrophy
Authors: DelGaudio John M. , Iman Naseri , Wise Justin C.
Published: March 2008

Objective

To determine if degree of lingual tonsil hypertrophy(LTH) correlates with pharyngeal reflux.

Design

Prospective.

Methods

Patients with flexible laryngoscopic evidence of LTH were included. Degree of LTH was graded mild, moderate, or severe by two otolaryngologists blinded to pH study results. Threesensor pH study results were correlated to LTH grade.

Results

Nineteen patients were included (five with mild LTH, eight with moderate LTH, and six with severe LTH). Nasopharyngeal reflux (NPR) events <pH4 were found in four of six severe LTH patients but no mild or moderate LTH patients (P = 0.006). All severe LTH patients had NPR events <pH5, compared with only 4 of 11 mild or moderate LTH patients (P = 0.017). Atthe UES, 4 of 6 severe LTH patients had pathologic reflux, compared with 4 of 13 mild or moderate (P = 0.025). Interobserver reliability calculated by Cohen's kappa was excellent (0.92).

Conclusions

Our study shows a continuum of increasing pharyngeal reflux with higher LTH severity. Severe LTH may be a reliable physical sign of pharyngeal reflux, especially NPR.

© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Surgery for Nurses
Authors: Wilson Mary R.
Published: March 2008

James Maroney M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S. (Eng.) L.R.C.P. (London), SURGERY FOR NURSES, 1962, E. & S. Livingstone Limited, Edinburgh and London, 766 pages, Price: $8.00. Available from The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore 2, Maryland.
Medicine for Nurses
Authors: Skalitzky Barbara
Published: March 2008

Gordon W. Sears M.D., MEDICINE FOR NURSES, 1963, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London, 543 pages, Price $4.75.
The Semi‐Artificial Man
Authors: Nisenson Naomi
Published: March 2008

Harold M. Schmeck Jr., THE SEMI‐ARTIFICIAL MAN—A Dawning Revolution in Medicine, 1965, Walker and Company, New York, 215 pages, Price $5.00.
Textbook of Medical‐Surgical Nursing
Authors: Brooks Helen Louise
Published: March 2008

TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL‐SURGICAL NURSING by Lillian Sholtis Brunner, R.N., B.S., M.A.; Charles Phillips Emerson, Jr., A.B., M.D., L. Kraeer Ferguson, A.B., M.D., F.A.C.S., and Doris Smith Suddarth, R.N., B.S., N.E., M.S.N., 1198 pp., Philadelphia and Montreal,]. B. Lippincott Company, 1964, Price $11.00.
Alds to Diagnosis
Authors: Ehardt Joseph
Published: March 2008

Marie M. Seedor, Alds To Diagnosis, 1964, eachers College, Columbia University, New York, 336 pages, T, Price $4.00.
A Nurse's Guide to Anesthetics, Resuscitation and Intensive Care
Authors: O'Neill Miriam H.
Published: March 2008

W. Norris M.D., F.F.A.R.C.S., D. Campbell M.B., Ch. B., D.A., F.F.A.R.C.S., A Nurse's Guide To Anesthetics, Resuscitation And Intensive Care, 1965, E. & S. Livingstone Ltd., London and Edinburgh, 116 pages, Price $5.25.
Surgery of Childhood for Nurses
Authors: Curran Mary
Published: March 2008

Kayrnoiul Farrow M.A., Ch.B. (N.Z.), Uuncari Forrest M.B., Ch.B. (N.Z.)(London), Surgery of Childhood For Nurses, 1964, Williams and Wilkens Co., Second Edition, 992 pages, Price $7.00.
The Patlent in Surgery
Authors: Ehardt Joseph W.
Published: March 2008

George D. LeMaitre M.D., Janet A. Finnegan R.N., M.S., The Patlent in Surgery, 1965, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London, 399 pages, Price $4.75
Mathematics for Nursing Science: A Programmed Review
Authors: Craic Lora
Published: March 2008

Sally Irene Lipse, Mathematics For Nursing Science: A Programmed Review, 1965, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, London and Sydney, 219 pages, Price $2.95
A Textbook of Medical‐Surgical Nursing
Authors: Craig Lora
Published: March 2008

Jean C. Barbata, Deborah M. Jensen, William G. Patterson, A Textbook of Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 1964, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1005 pages, Price $8.95
Nurse's Guide to Cardiac Surgery and Nursing Care
Authors: Kane Sister Dolores
Published: March 2008

Nurse's Guide to Cardiac Surgery and Nursing Care, by Elizabeth Pitorak, Joan O'Gureck, Patricia Hanusz, and Carolyn Hudak, The Blakiston Division, McGraw‐Hill Book Company, New York, 1969, 156 pages. Price $4.95.
Comprehensive Cardiac Care: A Handbook for Nurses and other Paramedical Personnel
Authors: Kane Sister Dolores
Published: March 2008

COMPREHENSIVE CARDIAC CARE: A HANDBOOK FOR NURSES AND OTHER PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL, by Kathleen Andreoli, Virginia Hunn, Douglas Zipes, and Andrew Wallace, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1968, 153 pages. Price $5.50.
Fractures and Orthopaedic Surgery for Nurses and Physiotherapists
Authors: Miller Joan
Published: March 2008

Fractures and Orthopaedic Surgery for Nurses and Physiotherapists, by Arthur Naylor, Ch.M., M.B., M.S. (Sheff.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.), F.R.C.S. (Edin.), 6th Edition, 1968, 382 pages. Price $10.75.
Introduction to Asepsis: A Programmed Unit in Fundamentals of Nursing
Authors: Miller Joan
Published: March 2008

Introduction to Asepsis: A Programmed Unit in Fundamentals Of Nursing, Revised Version, by Marie M. Seedor, Nursing Education Monographs, Teachers College, Columbia University, 275 pages. Price $3.50
Manual of Preoperative and Postoperative Care
Authors: Miller Joan
Published: March 2008

Manual of Preoperative and Postoperative Care, by the Committee on Pre and Postoperative Care, American College of Surgeons, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1967, 506 pages.
Intensive Nursing Care
Authors: Miller Joan
Published: March 2008

Intensive Nursing Care, by Zeb L. Burrell, and Lenette Owens Burrell, C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, 1969, 298 pages. Price $8.75.
Effective Decision Making
Authors: Curran Mary T.
Published: March 2008

Effective Decision Making, by Argyle AnaLearn Programmed Instruction, Metromedia Company, New York, 1969, 82 pages plus panel book.
Practical Electrocardiography
Authors: Edwards Barba J.
Published: March 2008

PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, 4th Edition, by Henry I. L. Marrwtt, M.D., The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, Maryland, $7.75, 275 pages.
Patterns of Shock
Authors: Wilson Mary R.
Published: March 2008

PATTERNS OF SHOCK Katherine J. Bordicks, R.N., B.S.N., M.S.N., 156 pages, The Maemillan Company, New York, 1965. Price $5.95.
Science & Practice in Anesthesia
Authors: Rogers Caroline
Published: March 2008

SCIENCE & PRACTICE IN ANESTHESIA James E. Eckenhoff, M.D., F.F.A.R.C.S., 160 pages, J. B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1965. Price $7.00.
The Nature of Nursing
Authors: Rogers Caroline
Published: March 2008

THE NATURE OF NURSING Virginia Henderson, A.M., R.N., 84 pages, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1966. Price $1.95.
Calderwood's Orthopedic Nursing
Authors: Tighe Isabella
Published: March 2008

CALDERWOOD's ORTHOPEDIC NURSING Carroll B. Larson, M.D., F.A.C.S., and Mar/one Could, R.N., B.S., M.S., 470 pages, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1965. Price $7.75.
Meeting the Realities in Clinical Teaching
Authors: Miller Joan
Published: March 2008

Meeting The Realities In Clinical Teaching, by Ernestine Wiedenbach, R.N., M.A., C.N.M., Springer Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1969, 178 pages. Price $3.25.
The Surgery of Childhood for Nurses
Authors: Fisher Leona M.
Published: March 2008

The Surgery of Childhood for Nurses, by Raymond Farrow, M.A., B.M., F.R.C.S., and Duncan Forrest, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S., the Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1968, Third Edition, 295 pages. Price $11.50.
The Prep Manual by Mavis Orsica Pate
Authors: Coakley Jacquelyne
Published: March 2008

The Prep Manual by Mavis Orsica Pate, 150 pages, Long Island City, New York, Edward Week and Company, Inc., 1963. Price: $3.00.
The Nurse and her Problem Patients
Authors: Skalitzky Barbara
Published: March 2008

THE NURSE AND HER PROBLEM PATIENTS by Gertrud Bertrand Ujhely, R.N., M.A., 180 pages, New York, Springer Publishing Company, Inc., 1963 Price: $2.85.
Introduction to Operating Room Technique
Authors: Swartz Mary A.
Published: March 2008

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE by Edna Cornelia Berry, R.N., A.B. and Mary Louise Kohn, A.B., R.N., M.N., Second Edition, 197 pages, New York, The Blakiston Division, McGraw‐Hill Book Company, Inc., 1960. Price: $5.50.
Understanding Surgery
Authors: Sister Mary Giles S.S.M.
Published: March 2008

Understanding Surgery edited and compiled by Robert E. Rothenberg, M.D., F.A.C.S., New York, Pocket Books, Inc., 1955. Price: $0.55. Available from Publisher's Special Sales Organization, The Benjamin Company, 600 Fifth Avenue, New York 20, N. Y.
Programmed Mathematics of Drugs and Solutions
Authors: Leduc Melina M.
Published: March 2008

Mabel E. Weaver R.N., M.S., Vera J. Koehler R.N., M.N., PROGRAMMED MATHEMATICS OF DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS, 1964, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia and Montreal, Canada, 96 pages, Price $2.00.
Fundamental Considerations in Anesthesia
Authors: Hadley Frances
Published: March 2008

Charles L. Burstein M.D., FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ANESTHESIA, 1965, Charles E. Thomas, Springfield, Ill., Third Edition, 218 pages, Price $8.50
Anatomy and Physiology Applied to Nursing
Authors: Ehardt Joseph W.
Published: March 2008

Janet T.E. Riddle, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY APPLIED TO NURSING, 1966, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, second edition, 151 pages, Price $4.75
Anaesthesia for Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Craig Lora
Published: March 2008

Lillian E. Fredericks M.D., Dryden P. Morse M.D., ANAESTHESIA FOR OPEN HEART SURGERY, 1966, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 80 pages, $5.50
Marine rotifers from the Northern Adriatic Sea, with description of Lecane insulaconae sp. nov. (Rotifera: Monogononta: Lecanidae)
Authors: Fontaneto Diego , Segers Hendrik , Melone Giulio
Published: March 2008

During a survey of the marine rotifers of the Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy, we found a total of 20 taxa, including a new species of Lecane. This novelty, Lecane insulaconae sp. nov., occurred in the interstitial area of sandy sediment in the outlet of the Isonzo River, at a salinity of 30‰ and is therefore the first exclusively marine representative of this diverse (~200 species) genus. It is characterized by unique sets of anterolateral projections on the ventral and dorsal lorica. Here, we present the description of the species, together with scanning electron microscopy pictures of trophi of this and some other species, and an account of the marine rotifers encountered during the survey.
Diet and sexual maturation of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii during autumn and spring in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region
Authors: Watanabe Hikaru , Kubodera Tsunemi , Ichii Taro , Sakai Mitsuo , Moku Masatoshi , Seitou Masaki
Published: March 2008

Diet and sexual maturation were examined in the winter–spring cohort of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, during its southward migration through the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region of the western North Pacific. The main prey items are micronektonic animals and small pelagic fish, which were abundantly distributed throughout the study area. Among the prey species, O. bartramii was dependent on the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, which also migrate from the northern to southern transition region during the winter, and the micronektonic squid Watasenia scintillans throughout the study period. Other common prey items were Gonatopsis borealis, Diaphus theta, and Ceratoscopelus warmingii from October to November or December, and Tarletonbeania taylori after December. These dietary changes can be explained by the difference in the seasonal north–south migration patterns of the predator and prey species. Male sexual maturation progressed throughout the season, and most individuals were fully mature in January. In contrast, most of the females were immature throughout the study period. The feeding strategy of the squid in relation to their seasonal north to south migration and sexual maturation was discussed.
Parasitic castration of the stenopodid shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Decapoda: Stenopodidae) induced by the bopyrid isopod Argeiopsis inhacae (Isopoda: Bopyridae)
Authors: Calado Ricardo , Bartilotti Cátia , Goy Joseph W. , Dinis Maria Teresa
Published: March 2008

The present work reports the existence of parasitic castration induced by the bopyrid isopod Argeiopsis inhacae parasitizing the branchial chamber of female Stenopus hispidus. Parasitized and unparasitized females of S. hispidus displayed similar intermoult periods (14 ± 2 d) and exhibited similar mating behaviours. However, despite exhibiting typical mating behaviour, parasitized females were never able to produce any egg clutch when paired with unparasitized males; neither displayed the typical ‘dorsal bright green spot’ evidencing the presence of large vitellogenic oocytes. The idea that bopyrid infections generally lead to the ‘reproductive death’ of the decapod host is reinforced and the apparent existence of a heavily sex-biased infection towards females in S. hispidus may just be a consequence of the still limited number of surveyed specimens.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentation, organic‐carbon delivery, and paleoclimatic inferences on the continental slope of the northern Pandora Trough, Gulf of Papua
Authors: Febo Lawrence A. , Bentley Samuel J. , Wrenn John H. , Droxler André W. , Dickens Gerald R. , Peterson Larry C. , Opdyke Bradley N.
Published: March 2008

We investigated sediment and organic‐carbon accumulation rates in two jumbo piston cores (MV‐54, MV‐51) retrieved from the midslope of the northeastern Pandora Trough in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. Our data provide a first assessment of mass fluxes over the past ∼33,000 14C years B.P. and variations in organic‐carbon sources. Core sediments were analyzed using a suite of physical properties, organic geochemistry, and micropaleontological measurements. MV‐54 and MV‐51 show two periods of rapid sediment accumulation. The first interval is from ∼15,000 to 20,400 Cal. years B.P. (MV‐51: ∼1.09 m ka−1 and ∼81.2 g cm−2 ka−1) and the second occurs at >32,000 14C years B.P. (∼2.70 m ka−1 and ∼244 g cm−2 ka−1). Extremely high accumulation rates (∼3.96 m ka−1; ∼428 g cm−2 ka−1) characterize 15,800−17,700 Cal. years B.P. in MV‐54 and likely correspond to early transgression when rivers delivered sediments much closer to the shelf edge. A benthic foraminiferal assemblage in MV‐51 from ∼18,400 to 20,400 Cal. years B.P. indicates a seasonally variable flux of organic carbon, possibly resulting from enhanced contrast between monsoon seasons. The oldest sediments, >32,000 14C years B.P., contain TOC fluxes >200 g cm2 ka−1, with >50% of it derived from C3 vascular plant matter. Magnetic susceptibility values are 2 to 3 times higher and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates are 6 times higher during this interval than at any younger time, indicating a greater influence of detrital minerals and labile organic carbon. The MS data suggest more direct dispersal pathways from central and eastern PNG Rivers to the core site.
A model of volcanic magma transport by fracturing stress mechanisms
Authors: Piegari E. , Cataudella V. , Di Maio R. , Milano L. , Nicodemi M. , Scandone R.
Published: March 2008

Understanding the mechanisms of magma ascent preceding eruptions, and in particular the subvolcanic system that stores and transports magma to the surface, is of crucial relevance for hazard and risk assessment. We propose here a statistical model describing the rise of magma from the reservoir through the transport region via stress induced fracturing mechanisms of the medium. The model reproduces the general statistical properties of erupted volume, P(V), and inter‐eruption time, P(t), found in catalogue data for closed conduit volcanoes. We also investigate conditional distribution (e.g., the probability, P(V∣t), to have a volume, V, erupted after a waiting time, t), which can have important practical implications.
Comparison of the chemical alteration trajectory of Liriodendron tulipifera L. leaf litter among forests with different earthworm abundance
Authors: Filley Timothy R. , McCormick Melissa K. , Crow Susan E. , Szlavecz Katalin , Whigham Dennis F. , Johnston Cliff T. , van den Heuvel Ronald N.
Published: March 2008

To investigate the control of earthworm populations on leaf litter biopolymer decay dynamics, we analyzed the residues of Liriodendron tulipifera L. (tulip poplar) leaves after six months of decay, comparing open surface litter and litter bag experiments among forests with different native and invasive earthworm abundances. Six plots were established in successional tulip poplar forests where sites varied in earthworm density and biomass, roughly 4–10 fold, of nonnative lumbricid species. Analysis of residues by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and alkaline CuO extraction indicated that open decay in sites with abundant earthworms resulted in residues depleted in cuticular aliphatic and polysaccharide components and enriched in ether‐linked lignin relative to open decay in low earthworm abundance plots. Decay within earthworm‐excluding litter bags resulted in an increase in aliphatic components relative to initial amendment and similar chemical trajectory to low earthworm open decay experiments. All litter exhibited a decline in cinnamyl‐based lignin and an increase in nitrogen content. The influence of earthworm density on the chemical trajectory of litter decay was primarily a manifestation of the physical separation and concentration of lignin‐rich and cutin‐poor petioles with additional changes promoted by either microorganisms and/or mesofauna resulting in nitrogen addition and polysaccharide loss. These results illustrate how projected increases in invasive earthworm activity in northern North American forests could alter the chemical composition of organic matter in litter residues and potentially organic matter reaching the soil which may result in shifts in the aromatic and aliphatic composition of soils in different systems.
Mid‐Cenozoic tectonic and paleoenvironmental setting of the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: O'Regan Matthew , Moran Kathryn , Backman Jan , Jakobsson Martin , Sangiorgi Francesca , Brinkhuis Henk , Pockalny Rob , Skelton Alasdair , Stickley Catherine , Koç Nalan , Brumsack Hans‐Jürgen , Willard Debra
Published: March 2008

Drilling results from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) to the Lomonosov Ridge (LR) document a 26 million year hiatus that separates freshwater‐influenced biosilica‐rich deposits of the middle Eocene from fossil‐poor glaciomarine silty clays of the early Miocene. Detailed micropaleontological and sedimentological data from sediments surrounding this mid‐Cenozoic hiatus describe a shallow water setting for the LR, a finding that conflicts with predrilling seismic predictions and an initial postcruise assessment of its subsidence history that assumed smooth thermally controlled subsidence following rifting. A review of Cenozoic tectonic processes affecting the geodynamic evolution of the central Arctic Ocean highlights a prolonged phase of basin‐wide compression that ended in the early Miocene. The coincidence in timing between the end of compression and the start of rapid early Miocene subsidence provides a compelling link between these observations and similarly accounts for the shallow water setting that persisted more than 30 million years after rifting ended. However, for much of the late Paleogene and early Neogene, tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic Ocean describe a landlocked basin, adding additional uncertainty to reconstructions of paleodepth estimates as the magnitude of regional sea level variations remains unknown.
The Fluency Curriculum in the New Millennium: Building “Skills” Into “Knowledge” Classes
Authors: Quesal Bob , Murphy Bill
Published: March 2008

Recent changes in the standards for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) have led to changes in the way in which information is presented to students in communication sciences and disorders classes. One of the primary changes is the focus on knowledge and skills outcomes that result from students’ education. Another change is the degree to which those skills and knowledge are specified by the standards. Educators cannot always be assured that all students will obtain “skills” in all areas specified by the standards during their practicum experiences. For that reason, it becomes necessary to add “skills” components to what may have previously been “knowledge” classes. This article presents a number of ideas for adding these “skills” experiences to “knowledge” classes.
High-accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry. III. Additional improvements and overview
Authors: Harding Michael E. , Vázquez Juana , Ruscic Branko , Wilson Angela K. , Gauss Jürgen , Stanton John F.
Published: March 2008

Effects of increased basis-set size as well as a correlated treatment of the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer approximation are studied within the context of the high-accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry (HEAT) theoretical model chemistry. It is found that the addition of these ostensible improvements does little to increase the overall accuracy of HEAT for the determination of molecular atomization energies. Fortuitous cancellation of high-level effects is shown to give the overall HEAT strategy an accuracy that is, in fact, higher than most of its individual components. In addition, the issue of core-valence electron correlation separation is explored; it is found that approximate additive treatments of the two effects have limitations that are significant in the realm of <1kJmol−1 theoretical thermochemistry.
Graded media: Optimization and energy barriers (invited)
Authors: Zimanyi G. T.
Published: March 2008

It is shown that columns of perpendicular recording media with a spatially varying anisotropy K(x) offer improved characteristics in comparison to homogeneous K=const media. With a quadratically varying K(x) the ratio ξ of the energy barrier to the coercive field can exceed the homogeneous value by a factor of about 3. An improved architecture is suggested, which brings ξ even closer to its theoretical maximum of 4. This is achieved by adding a hard capping layer, which enhances the pinning properties of the hard end of the column. Next, the field dependence of the energy barrier Eb(H) is determined and found to be linear. A simple explanation is provided for this linear dependence. Finally, the reversal pathway is analyzed in detail and found that in these graded media partially formed domain walls are stable. They move into the column gradually, leading to a linear decrease of the magnetization. An analytical theory is constructed to account for this unconventional reversal pathway.
Global fitting without a global model: Regularization based on the continuity of the evolution of parameter distributions
Authors: Giurleo Jason T. , Talaga David S.
Published: March 2008

We introduce a new approach to global data fitting based on a regularization condition that invokes continuity in the global data coordinate. Stabilization of the data fitting procedure comes from probabilistic constraint of the global solution to physically reasonable behavior rather than to specific models of the system behavior. This method is applicable to the fitting of many types of spectroscopic data including dynamic light scattering, time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), and circular dichroism. We compare our method to traditional approaches to fitting an inverse Laplace transform by examining the evolution of multiple lifetime components in synthetic TCSPC data. The global regularizer recovers features in the data that are not apparent from traditional fitting. We show how our approach allows one to start from an essentially model-free fit and progress to a specific model by moving from probabilistic to deterministic constraints in both Laplace transformed and nontransformed coordinates.
Magnetic anisotropy in GaP(001) epilayers containing MnP nanoclusters observed by angle dependent ferromagnetic resonance measurements
Authors: Lacroix Christian , Lambert-Milot Samuel , Desjardins Patrick , Masut Remo A. , Ménard David
Published: March 2008

We report on the angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of GaP(001) epilayers with embedded MnP nanoclusters (GaP:MnP) grown on a GaP(001) substrate using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Angle dependent FMR spectra obtained at 292K show several peaks and indicate a strong magnetic anisotropy. The measured angular dependence of resonance fields can be modeled assuming that the MnP clusters possess a strong biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy whose axes are oriented along specific GaP crystallographic directions. Dominant populations of MnP clusters have their b-axis along GaP [111] and [111¯] directions, while a smaller population has the b-axis along the GaP [001] direction. In comparison, angle dependent FMR spectra of a polycrystalline MnP thin film grown on a GaP(001) substrate using MOVPE suggest that the crystals b-axis is oriented favorably along the GaP [001] direction.
Effects of boron addition to the atomic structure and soft magnetic properties of FeCoB films
Authors: Yang Aria , Imrane Hassan , Lou Jing , Kirkland Johnny , Vittoria Carmine , Sun Nian , Harris Vincent G.
Published: March 2008

The magnetic, microwave, and the atomic structure properties of (Fe0.7Co0.3)1−xBx sputtered films on glass substrates were investigated. The addition of boron induced a decrease in coercivity and ferromagnetic resonance linewidth. The amorphous structure was formed at x∼0.075. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of Fe and Co showed the reduced Fourier transform (FT) amplitude, and increased Debye-Waller factors as x was increased, indicating the increased disorder due to the thermal and structural displacements. Possible Fe–B bonding was observed with a reduced bond length, which indicates boron atoms' preference for staying in the interstitial sites in bcc unit cell.
Sensitivity of peptide conformational dynamics on clustering of a classical molecular dynamics trajectory
Authors: Jensen Christian H. , Nerukh Dmitry , Glen Robert C.
Published: March 2008

We investigate the sensitivity of a Markov model with states and transition probabilities obtained from clustering a molecular dynamics trajectory. We have examined a 500ns molecular dynamics trajectory of the peptide valine-proline-alanine-leucine in explicit water. The sensitivity is quantified by varying the boundaries of the clusters and investigating the resulting variation in transition probabilities and the average transition time between states. In this way, we represent the effect of clustering using different clustering algorithms. It is found that in terms of the investigated quantities, the peptide dynamics described by the Markov model is sensitive to the clustering; in particular, the average transition times are found to vary up to 46%. Moreover, inclusion of nonphysical sparsely populated clusters can lead to serious errors of up to 814%. In the investigation, the time step used in the transition matrix is determined by the minimum time scale on which the system behaves approximately Markovian. This time step is found to be about 100ps. It is concluded that the description of peptide dynamics with transition matrices should be performed with care, and that using standard clustering algorithms to obtain states and transition probabilities may not always produce reliable results.
Finite-difference time-domain simulations of radio frequency electromagnetic fields and signal inhomogeneities in ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging systems
Authors: Sekino Masaki , Kim Dongmin , Ohsaki Hiroyuki
Published: March 2008

Severe inhomogeneities of radio frequency electromagnetic fields arise in ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. The purpose of this study is to estimate the distribution of electromagnetic fields, magnetic resonance signals, and the specific absorption ratio (SAR) in the human head. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite-difference time-domain method. An increase in frequency resulted in severe inhomogeneities in the magnetic resonance signals and the SAR. A reduction in the duty ratio is required to meet safety standards for the SAR. The results indicate the importance of developing coils and image-processing methods to compensate for the signal inhomogeneities in proton images. On the other hand, ultrahigh-field MRI systems are particularly useful for quantitative measurements of nonproton nuclei.
Ferromagnetic resonance studies of surface and bulk spin-wave modes in a CoFe∕PtMn∕CoFe multilayer film
Authors: Wu Cheng , Khalfan Amish N. , Pettiford Carl , Sun Nian X. , Greenbaum Steven , Ren Yuhang
Published: March 2008

We studied exchange-dominated surface and bulk spin-wave modes in a single period of CoFe∕PtMn∕CoFe trilayer film grown on a seed layer of Ru with CoFe film compositions being Co-16at.%Fe. The thickness of the ferromagnetic CoFe layers is ∼400Å and that of the antiferromagnetic layer is 120Å. Multimode spin-wave spectra were observed using the ferromagnetic resonance technique, as the sample plane was rotated with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. The effective magnetic anisotropy parameters and the g factor of the magnetic film were calculated from the field corresponding to the main (strongest) resonance peak at different angles. In addition, we identified a high-order standing spin wave in our spectra and found a “critical angle” in the multilayer sample. As H is significantly rotated away from the normal, there is a critical orientation where only a single acoustic spin-wave mode can be observed. We included an effective surface anisotropy field to describe our results. From the surface anisotropy, we are able to analyze the spin-wave resonance spectra in terms of the dynamic surface spin pinning. This allows us to determine the exchange interaction stiffness in the CoFe layers, J∼2.7meV.
Gerade-ungerade symmetry breaking in HD: Bound states supported by the I′Πg1 outer potential well
Authors: Grozdanov T. P. , McCarroll R.
Published: March 2008

Gerade-ungerade symmetry breaking in HD for the bound states supported by the shallow outer I′Πg1 potential is studied theoretically. By clarifying the asymptotic behavior of the relevant nonadiabatic couplings among the stats correlating to the n=2 dissociation limit, simple two-state (for f-parity) and three-state (for e-parity) approximations are formulated. They reproduce binding energies in very good agreement with recent spectroscopic measurements. Comparisons with the calculations based on a single model potential are presented and the dependence of the results on the used ab initio Born-Oppenheimer (clamped nuclei) potentials is discussed.
Clusters of interacting single domain Co nanomagnets for multistate perpendicular magnetic media applications
Authors: Xiao Qijun , Yang Tianyu , Ursache Andrei , Tuominen Mark T.
Published: March 2008

In this work we develop prototype elements for multistate (beyond binary) perpendicular data storage using interacting nanomagnet clusters. This experimental work confirms earlier theoretical work that predicted multiple discrete values of stable remanent magnetization for such clusters. The fabrication scheme is based on ultrahigh resolution electron beam lithography performed on a thin suspended silicon nitride membrane to reduce the secondary backscattered electrons from the substrate. A Co nanomagnet cluster array is deposited into the nanotemplate via pulse-reverse electrodeposition to create nanomagnets with the favored uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements show the perpendicular magnetization of individual Co nanomagnets and the combined multiconfiguration behavior of a nanomagnet cluster. In concept, the discrete values of net remanent magnetization of the cluster, which represent distinct information states, can be “programmed” by a uniform applied field.
Aanalytical calculation of rotor losses in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor at different load conditions
Authors: Cho Han-Wook , Sung Ho-Kyung , Choi Jang-Young , You Dae-Joon , Park Ji-Hoon , Jang Seok-Myeong , Lee Sung-Ho
Published: March 2008

In this paper, the rotor losses in the high-speed permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor are discussed. In particular, the influence of different load conditions is highlighted in developed PM synchronous motor. On the basis of analytical field analysis, two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation, and the Poynting theorem, the flux harmonics and rotor losses are predicted and validated by finite element method. Moreover, the difference of rotor losses between the motor with rated- and overload conditions is made quantitatively clear in this work.
Femtosecond time-resolved electronic sum-frequency generation spectroscopy: A new method to investigate ultrafast dynamics at liquid interfaces
Authors: Sekiguchi Kentaro , Yamaguchi Shoichi , Tahara Tahei
Published: March 2008

We developed a new surface-selective time-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy, femtosecond time-resolved electronic sum-frequency generation (TR-ESFG) spectroscopy, to investigate ultrafast dynamics of molecules at liquid interfaces. Its advantage over conventional time-resolved second harmonic generation spectroscopy is that it can provide spectral information, which is realized by the multiplex detection of the transient electronic sum-frequency signal using a broadband white light continuum and a multichannel detector. We studied the photochemical dynamics of rhodamine 800 (R800) at the air/water interface with the TR-ESFG spectroscopy, and discussed the ultrafast dynamics of the molecule as thoroughly as we do for the bulk molecules with conventional transient absorption spectroscopy. We found that the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited R800 at the air/water interface exhibited three characteristic time constants of 0.32ps, 6.4ps, and 0.85ns. The 0.32ps time constant was ascribed to the lifetime of dimeric R800 in the lowest excited singlet (S1) state (S1 dimer) that is directly generated by photoexcitation. The S1 dimer dissociates to a monomer in the S1 state (S1 monomer) and a monomer in the ground state with this time constant. This lifetime of the S1 dimer was ten times shorter than the corresponding lifetime in a bulk aqueous solution. The 6.4ps and 0.85ns components were ascribed to the decay of the S1 monomer (as well as the recovery of the dimer in the ground state). For the 6.4ps time constant, there is no corresponding component in the dynamics in bulk water, and it is ascribed to an interface-specific deactivation process. The 0.85ns time constant was ascribed to the intrinsic lifetime of the S1 monomer at the air/water interface, which is almost the same as the lifetime in bulk water. The present study clearly shows the feasibility and high potential of the TR-ESFG spectroscopy to investigate ultrafast dynamics at the interface.
Magnetometry based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude-modulated light
Authors: Pustelny S. , Wojciechowski A. , Gring M. , Kotyrba M. , Zachorowski J. , Gawlik W.
Published: March 2008

We report on an all-optical magnetometric technique based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude-modulated light. The method enables sensitive magnetic field measurements in a broad dynamic range. We demonstrate the sensitivity of 4.3×10−9G∕Hz at 10mG and the magnetic field tracking in a range of 40mG. The fundamental limits of the method sensitivity and factors determining current performance of the magnetometer are discussed.
The global phase behavior of the two-component systems with intracomponent association: Flory approach
Authors: Belousov M. V. , Tamm M. V. , Erukhimovich I. Ya.
Published: March 2008

Within the Flory approach we study the phase diagrams of two-component fluids, the molecules of each component AfA, BfB bearing fA (fB) functional groups capable of forming thermoreversible A–A and B–B bonds. We develop a general procedure to classify these diagrams depending on the values of four governing parameters—entropies and normalized energies of A–A and B–B bonds, and give full topological classification of phase diagrams with fA,B⩾3. We show that these phase diagrams can have immiscibility loops and up to four critical points.