bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МІФОЛОГЕМА АГАСВЕРА В НОВЕЛІ ДЖЕЙМСА ГРЕМА БАЛЛАРДА THE LOST LEONARDO: ІНВАРІАНТ І ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ
Authors: Ільїнська Ніна Іллівна
Published: February 2025

Мета розвідки – простежити трансформацію міфологеми Агасвера в новелі Дж. Балларда «Викрадений Леонардо» (1964) у крос-культурному діалозі з апокрифічною легендою й інваріантним «ядром» (hard core) міфологеми. Досягнення поставленої мети реалізуємо через комплексну методику, репрезентовану загальнонауковими методами, як-от аналіз і синтез. Порівняльно-типологічний метод застосовуємо для встановлення схожості та відмінності інтерпретації міфологеми Агасвера як наскрізної в «тексті культури». Методики «пильного читання» (close reading), інтертекстуальний метод залучаємо в текстуальному вивченні творів. Основною стратегією є компаративний підхід, що відкриває перспективи крос-культурного дослідження. Результати. У розвідці проаналізовано оригінальний варіант перекодування міфологеми Агасвера у мідл-літературі. У такому аспекті новела Дж. Балларда «Викрадений Леонардо» (1964) досі не була предметом спеціального вивчення. Унаслідок теоретичних узагальнень, типологізації аналітичних спостережень над корпусом творів, що містять міфологему Мандрівного блукальця, описано структурно-семантичний конструкт міфологеми Агасвера в кореляції з апокрифічною легендою; проаналізовано прийоми її перекодування в артдетективній новелі Дж.Г. Балларда; простежено подвійну апеляцію мідл-літератури і до маси, і до інтелектуалів, що акцентовано її увагою до читача. З’ясовано, що історія Дж.Г. Балларда про Агасвера-художника, розважаючи реципієнта, виконує культуртрегерські функції. Завдяки насиченості контексту «знаками культури» вона сприяє інтелектуалізації читача, підвищенню його самооцінки. Жанрові структури артдетективу активізують рецептивний потенціал твору. У висновках зазначено, що в художній реалізації міфологеми Агасвера Дж.Г. Баллард удається до принципу «подвійного кодування». Концептуальну проблематику й художню майстерність «високої» прози він синтезує з установками на розважальність масової та мідл-літератури. У такий спосіб, балансуючи на межах інваріантних і варіативних складників міфологеми Агасвера, автор пропонує свою версію. Від інваріанта її відрізняють інверсія домінантного мотиву безсмертя, естетична проблематика новели, оригінальний образ Вічного блукальця, що є художником, міжтекстова взаємодія літератури й живопису, відкритий фінал і парадоксальність розв’язки. Із двох фіналів легенди про Вічного Жида автору ближче той, що дарує Вічному мандрівникові прощення.
МОВНА ПІДГОТОВКА ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ АКАДЕМІЧНОГО ВІЙСЬКОВОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА
Authors: Серебрянська Ірина Миколаївна
Published: February 2025

Статтю присвячено проблемі вдосконалення мовної підготовки у Збройних силах України, зокрема питанням підвищення рівня володіння військовослужбовцями іноземними мовами. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена новими викликами у військовій освіті, що постали перед українським суспільством в умовах повномасштабного вторгнення ворога, а також потребою серйозної трансформації у її структурі й змістовому наповненні. Наголошується на шляхах упровадження євроатлантичних стандартів досягнення взаємосумісності зі збройними силами країн – членів і партнерів НАТО. Метою наукової розвідки є узагальнення інноваційного досвіду мовної підготовки військовослужбовців у Військовому інституті Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Методи. Застосовано комплексний підхід до вивчення інноваційних процесів у вищій військовій освіти країни із сукупністю загальнонаукових та спеціальних методів (аналізу та синтезу, узагальнення, класифікації, порівняльного аналізу та описового методу). Результати. У ВІКНУ активно триває формування сучасної моделі військової освіти, сумісної з країнами НАТО, потужним інструментом якого в питаннях мовної підготовки є програма Defence Education Enhancement Program. Володіння іноземними мовами українськими військовослужбовцями є одним із пріоритетних завдань співробітництва з іноземними партнерами та його обов’язковою умовою. Саме цей принцип лежить в основі підготовки випускників ВІКНУ. Висновки. Мовна підготовка військових фахівців реалізується за трьома основними напрямами, окресленими «Дорожньою картою вдосконалення мовної підготовки у Збройних силах України»: 1) викладання навчальних дисциплін англійською мовою; 2) рівень володіння англійською мовою професорсько-викладацьким складом та вдосконалення його мовної підготовки; 3) тестування випускників із рівня знань іноземної мови. Питання якості мовної підготовки у ВІКНУ варто розглядати в контексті системи забезпечення якості освітньої діяльності та вищої освіти як одне з найбільш пріоритетних. Усі нововведення, започатковані в результаті співпраці ВІКНУ з НАТО, сприяють створенню позитивного освітнього середовища, яке дає змогу готувати висококваліфікованих військовослужбовців, ефективних у сучасному мультикультурному суспільстві.
Determinate Chloride Diffusion Coefficient and Corrosion Initiation on Self-consolidating Concrete
Authors: TaleshAbedini Shahram , Rahami Hossein , Mir Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Zeighami Ehsanollah
Published: February 2025

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), and slag (SL) can significantly extend concrete life, especially for those exposed to coastal environments. An essential part of estimating the service life of the reinforced concrete (RC) structures is estimating the time when the corrosion begins. The diffusion coefficient that leads to the concentration of chloride ions in concrete is one of the most important parameters for evaluating the corrosion initiation time. This study determined the chloride diffusion coefficient by preparing samples containing different admixtures based on the Nord-test accelerated migration test. The samples are placed in two environmental conditions, submerged and dry and wet cycles for 180 days. The Charged System Search (CSS) meta-exploration algorithm based on the Hesofer-Lind-Rakowitz-Fissler (HL-RF) method evaluated corrosion and chloride diffusion coefficient initiation time. Test results and numerical models showed that in a sample with admixture, its corrosion resistance was almost two times that of the ordinary concrete and the initial corrosion time. If several types of admixture are used, the corrosion time becomes twice as long as when only one admixture is utilized. The best performance for the durability of concrete belonged to the samples with three admixtures. Using additives, MK, SF, and SL, with concrete results in the probability of corrosion to decrease by about 40% after 25 years, and at 50 years, this value becomes about 50%.
Stress Intensity Factor in Top-loaded Thin Hemispherical Domes: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Cao Siwen , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2025

Measuring the stress intensity factors (SIF) at the tip of the meridian cracks of a dome can help evaluate the fracture process. The calculation of the SIF for planar cracks, based on truncating the Williams' series expansion, can be extended to curved surface cracks using the equivalent plane transformation method. This study investigates the effects of dimensions, crack length, and distributed loading area on the SIF at the crack tip, both experimentally and numerically. The results show that dimensionless SIFs generally increase with the crack length, distributed loading area and thickness ratio (thickness/ radius). The distribution load prevents any tension within the contact zone and suppresses top-surface radial cracking. The effect becomes more pronounced as the model thickness increases. Within the bearing capacity limits, designing a wide loading edge can effectively inhibit the propagation of meridian cracks and increase the service life of the dome.
Detailed Fluid Mechanical Analysis on Pressure Relief Valve Blowdown
Authors: Hős Csaba , Sáfrány Péter
Published: February 2025

We study the root cause behind pressure relief valve blowdown, i.e. the difference in opening and reseating pressure. Simple disc valve geometries with an adjustment ring are studied, with and without a deflecting skirt on the valve body, for incompressible fluid. An analytical estimate is given for the fluid force acting on the valve body, which considers both the uneven pressure distribution and the momentum force due to fluid deflection, the former being the principal driving mechanism of blowdown. Computational Fluid Dynamics computations reveal that the flow is close to ideal and prove the validity of the assumptions behind the analytic results. It was found that the skirt deflecting the outlet flow is indispensable to generating blowdown; however, its role is not in the additional momentum force due to varying the exit jet angle of the flow, but in increasing the pressure at the outer radii due to its orifice effect.
AI-assisted super-resolution cosmological simulations IV: An emulator for deterministic realizations
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Lachance Patrick , Dasgupta Ankita , Croft Rupert A. C. , Matteo Tiziana Di , Ni Yueying , Bird Simeon , Li Yin
Published: February 2025

Super-resolution (SR) models in cosmological simulations use deep learning (DL) to rapidly enhance low-resolution (LR) runs with statistically correct fine details. These models preserves large-scale structures by conditioning on an LR version of the simulation. On smaller scales, the generative process is inherently stochastic, producing multiple possible SR realizations with distinct small-scale structures. Validation of reconstructed SR runs from LR simulations requires ensuring that specific statistics of interest are accurately reproduced by comparing SR outputs with target high resolution (HR) runs. In this study, we develop an emulator designed to reproduce the small-scale structures of target HR simulation with high fidelity. By processing an SR realization alongside the high-resolution initial condition (HRIC), we transform the SR output to emulate the result of a full simulation with that HRIC. By comparing various metrics, from visualization to individual halo measurements, we demonstrate that the emulated SR runs closely align with the target HR simulation, even at length scales an order of magnitude smaller than the corresponding LR run. These results show the potential of this method for efficiently generating accurate simulations and mock observations for large galaxy surveys.
Penerapan Teknologi Web Dalam Pembelajaran Interaktif Sejarah Untuk Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Dengan Menggunakan Metode Design Thinking
Authors: Samosir Martin , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Marlina Leni
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pada era globalisasi pada masa saat ini mengalami kemajuan yang semakin pesat. Hal ini tentu menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan dalam kehidupan manusia. Perkembangan teknologi di indonesia sudah semakin berkembang, pemanfaatan teknologi web dalam proses pembelajaran memberikan peluang besar untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif dan menyenangkan, terutama untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Media  pembelajaran  yang  praktis  dan  inovatif  merupakan  salah  satu  faktor  utama dalam mencapai  keberhasilan  dari  tujuan  pembelajaran . Teknologi web menawarkan beragam media pembelajaran yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan siswa, seperti materi visual, video, game edukatif, dan simulasi yang memudahkan siswa dalam memahami konsep-konsep yang sulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penerapan teknologi web dalam pembelajaran interaktif sejarah bagi siswa kelas VI sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan metode design thinking. Metode design thinking diterapkan untuk memahami kebutuhan siswa dan merancang website pembelajaran yang interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa website ini berhasil meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi sejarah, serta mendapatkan penilaian positif dari guru dan siswa. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa integrasi teknologi web dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan memfasilitasi akses informasi yang relevan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan siswa di era digital. Dari Tabel 2 dan 3, dapat disimpulkan bahwa situs pembelajaran multimedia interaktif untuk siswa dasar memperoleh nilai rata-rata SUS sebesar 85,75. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada Gambar 14 di atas. Skala SUS menunjukkan grade B, sementara untuk penilaian subjektif, kategori yang diperoleh adalah Excellent, dan untuk Acceptability, hasilnya adalah Acceptable.
Logic Education Needed in High School & College
Authors: Baker Biff
Published: February 2025

This research provides a comprehensive exploration of integrating logic education into high school and college curricula, emphasizing the prevalence of logical fallacies and their impact on critical thinking. It highlights the importance of logical reasoning in fostering persuasive power among students and addresses the necessity of logic education for navigating misinformation and engaging in civic activities. Using Blooms Taxonomy various integration strategies, such as mandatory courses and extracurricular activities, are proposed, alongside potential challenges like curriculum resistance and educator training needs. Additionally, the research advocates for a balanced approach to logic education, promoting diverse viewpoints and ethical decision-making. It contributes to enhancing teaching and learning outcomes by fostering critical thinking skills among students.
Law Enforcement Leadership and Resiliency
Authors: Winter Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

Leadership styles are a contributing factor to the culture of policing. Efficacious leadership styles will contribute to cultural change. Senior management’s interactions with frontline leadership and followers create a cultural footprint. This will differentiate one organization from another and establish internal boundaries for management and follower interactions. Crime scene professionals are tasked with stressors unique to their amplified exposure to critical incidents over a career and the attention to detail required to accomplish the job demands. Leadership must recognize the specialized needs of these professionals and create an organizational structure laced with servant leaders and not simply managers and policymakers.
Alex Salmond, 1954–2024
Authors: Rosie Michael
Published: February 2025

This editorial marks the death of Alex Salmond, a leading figure in modern Scottish politics. Salmond’s political achievements were very considerable, although his legacy, marked by allegations of sexual impropriety, is more complex and highly contested.
What Do We Think of it So Far? Twenty-Five Years of Devolution
Authors: McCrone David
Published: February 2025

This article reviews twenty-five years of devolution in Scotland with regard to public opinion surveys conducted by the Scottish Centre for Social Research, and funded by Scottish Government. It shows that, despite changes in political party control of Scottish and of British governments, there is consistently higher support for the former over the latter in terms of public trust, capacity to listen, and having a say in how Scotland is governed. Furthermore, over the twenty-five period, credit is disproportionately allocated to Scottish government, and blame to Westminster government, despite the division of constitutional responsibilities between them, as well as the secondary legal status of Holyrood vis-à-vis Westminster. In that regard, Scottish institutions are arguably the beneficiary of powerful notions of ‘sovereignty’ deriving from a theoretical right to self-government even as Scotland remains constitutionally within the United Kingdom.
Testing Times: Edinburgh International Festivals and International Book Festival Diary 2024
Authors: Relich Mario
Published: February 2025

In this diary of Edinburgh's 2024 Festivals, Mario Relich explores some of their key themes, not least in light of the long shadows of our troubled, and troubling, times.
EVALUATION OF FLOOD DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IMPLEMENTATION IN BANDUNG REGENCY
Authors: Valentina Sela Pebri , Ilham Muh , Tefa Gradiana
Published: February 2025

Flood disasters are a challenge for every region, including Bandung Regency. The Bandung Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) seeks to reduce the risk of flood disasters through prevention and preparedness. The purpose of this study was to determine the Evaluation of the Implementation of Flood Disaster preparedness in Bandung Regency using William N Dunn’s policy evaluation theory with the parameters of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equity,  Responsiveness and Accuracy. The research method used is descpritive qualitative with an inductive approach. Based on the research results, it is known that the implementation of flood disaster preparedness in Bandung Regency in terms of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equity,  Responsiveness and Accuracy can be said to be good with supporting and inhibiting factors. The supporting is Regional Heads in implementing disaster management as evidenced by the availability of a disaster management Task Force and the implementation of effective coordination in reducing disaster risks. Inhibiting factors are: Limited facilities and infrastructure; Lack of human resources, and Limited budget for socialization of maps of disaster prone areas. The suggestions that the author can give are: Increasing the quality and quantity of human resources, maintaining available facilities and infrastructure; and Increasing the dissemination of disaster information by utilizing social media.
Keywords: Evaluation, Preparedness and Flood Disaster.
DYNAMIC CAPABILITY APPROACH IN EFFORTS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT FROM WASTE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wicaksono Aldi Gumuruh , Rahman Abdul , Asrijati Elsawuri Raya
Published: February 2025

Pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar, seperti peningkatan volume sampah, keterbatasan infrastruktur, rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, dan keterbatasan pendanaan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi solusi strategis melalui Program Local Service Delivery Project (LSDP), sebuah inisiatif inovatif yang dirancang untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan sampah secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kajian literatur dengan analisis kualitatif model Miles dan Huberman, mencakup reduksi data, penyajian, dan verifikasi temuan. Program LSDP didasarkan pada teori Dynamic Capability yang melibatkan proses sensing, seizing, dan transforming. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LSDP dapat meningkatkan kapasitas kelembagaan dan finansial pemerintah daerah melalui hibah berbasis kinerja, partisipasi masyarakat, dan penguatan regulasi. Program ini diharapkan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca hingga 23,9 MtCO2e dalam 20 tahun, mengurangi timbulan sampah sebesar 27,1%, dan menciptakan hingga 10.500 lapangan kerja baru. LSDP menawarkan pendekatan komprehensif untuk mengatasi krisis pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia dengan memperkuat tata kelola dari hulu ke hilir, serta mendorong sinergi antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan sektor swasta. Program ini memberikan model yang dapat direplikasi untuk mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan menuju visi Indonesia Emas 2045
Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective
Authors: Lu Yuqing , van Steenoven Anouk , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Wang Li , Kleverlaan Cornelis J. , Feilzer Albert J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding as a substitute for conventional heat-pressing and milling techniques for ceramic restorations. However, experimental and clinical evidence on the mechanical properties and performance of the final ceramic products is yet insufficient. This systematic review aimed to update the latest advances in additive manufacturing of restorative ceramics with a focus on their mechanical properties.

Methods

This systematic review was structured using the 5-step methodology based on the research question: what are the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured restorative ceramics in comparison with subtractive manufacturing? The electronic literature search was performed independently by 2 authors in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Published articles from 2019 to 2023 were screened, analysed and the relevant papers were selected for inclusion in this review.

Results

A total of 40 studies were included. The available ceramics include zirconia, alumina and alumina-zirconia composites, lithium disilicate, porcelain and fluorapatite glass ceramic. The mechanical properties were summarized according to material and technique: density (15 studies), flexural strength (31 studies), fracture toughness (7 studies), Young's modulus (7 studies), hardness (11 studies) and performance (7 studies). Overall, the properties exhibited an upward trend toward the values of conventional techniques. Typical processing defects, including porosity, agglomerates, cracks, surface roughness, and other defects, were also analyzed.

Conclusions

With significant technological advancements, the mechanical properties of AM ceramics have come close to ceramics by conventional manufacturing, whereas their reliability, the influence of printing layer orientations, and long-term performance still need further investigation.
Ichthyoarchaeological perspectives on roles of fish and red meat during Indus Civilization in Gujarat, India
Authors: Abhayan G. S. , Joglekar Pramod P. , Ajithprasad P. , Rajesh S. V. , Goyal Pankaj , Chase Brad , Kharakwal Jeevan , Shirvalkar Prabodh
Published: February 2025

The roles of animals during the Indus Civilization (circa 4000 BCE to 1300 BCE), which thrived in South Asia, have been extensively studied by zooarchaeologists. While significant progress has been made in understanding the domestication and hunting of mammals, information on the use of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, and crustaceans has been relatively sparse. Excavations at Indus Civilization sites have uncovered substantial quantities of fish remains, potentially providing valuable insights. In South Asia, the study of fish remains has often been neglected, primarily due to the lack of comprehensive reference collections for comparison. This paper discusses the current state and future possibilities of South Asian ichthyoarchaeology, highlighting the results of ichthyoarchaeological investigations in the Gujarat region of India. Analysis of fishbone assemblages from Indus sites such as Bagasra, Kanmer, Shikarpur, Kotada Bhadli, and Navinal in Gujarat has identified 24 fish species from 14 families. Evidence of anthropogenic activities such as cut marks, charring, and chewing on the bones suggests various aspects of fish consumption. These analyses reveal information about the diversity of fish species used, fishing environments, changes in fish consumption across different cultural phases, spatial distribution of fish remains within the sites, and fish processing patterns. The ichthyoarchaeological data aligns with cultural changes inferred from archaeobotanical and non-fish faunal records from these sites. This paper offers insights into a more nuanced role of fish in the diet, tailored to the tastes and preferences of consumers, rather than being a secondary or incidental food source, alongside mammalian meat during the Harappan Civilization in the Gujarat region.
Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese urban adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Qingzheng , Li Bing , Wang Yuepeng , Zhang Yue , Wang Qian , Li Binqi , Jing Wei , Yang Jing , Mu Yiming
Published: February 2025

Background

Recently, weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a new index for evaluating obesity, has been developed. This study aimed to examine the association between WWI and T2DM in Chinese urban adults.

Method

A total of 5,0978 eligible participants drawn from the prospective REACTION study (Cancer Risk Assessment in Chinese People with Diabetes) were included in this study. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on baseline WWI levels. Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the association of WWI with T2DM risk factors and with T2DM risk.

Results

The prevalence of obesity, central obesity and T2DM was 14.2%, 46.8% and 11.0% respectively, with a median age of 57 years. Logistic analysis showed that the WWI was significantly associated with the risk of T2DM. Compared to the lowest tertile of WWI (T1) serving as the reference group, the second tertile (T2) and the third tertile (T3) were associated with a 0.218-fold [1.218 (1.152, 1.288), P <0.001] and 0.286-fold [1.286 (1.212, 1.364), P <0.001] increase in the odds of developing T2DM respectively. After adjusting for all factors with the exception of the stratified variable, this association held true in age, sex, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia subgroup and was especially pronounced in those aged <60 years, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, and males, with interactions between WWI and age, sex, and BMI (P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusion

WWI was positively associated with T2DM in Chinese urban adults, especially in young and middle-aged males with BMI ≥24 kg/m2.
Autophagy-lysosome pathway in insulin & glucagon homeostasis
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Hui , Xu Huoyan
Published: February 2025

Lysosome, a highly dynamic organelle, is an important nutrient sensing center. They utilize different ion channels and transporters to complete the mission in degradation, trafficking, nutrient sensing and integration of various metabolic pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Glucose homeostasis relies on tightly regulated insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Glucagon also plays an important role in hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Currently, lysosome has been recognized as a nutrient hub to regulate the homeostasis of insulin and other hormones. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding lysosome-mediated autophagy and lysosomal proteins involved in maintaining insulin and glucagon homeostasis, as well as their contributions to the etiology of diabetes.
The impact of land transfer on food security: the mediating role of environmental regulation and green technology innovation
Authors: Xu Ming , Lu Zhaoyang , Wang Xinyue , Hou Guangwei
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Food security is the lifeblood of national security and an important cornerstone for world 15 peace, stability, and development. In this context, the study of the impact of land transfer (TF) on food security (FS) provides a new perspective for land resource optimization.

Methods

Based on the empirical data of 30 provinces and regions in China from 2010 to 2022, this paper used the two-way fixed effect model to explore the causal relationship and the intermediary relationship between the two. Moreover, quantile regression is used to further explore the heterogeneity. In addition, the spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the spillover effect.

Results

First, land transfer has a significant promoting effect on food security. Secondly, land transfer has obvious heterogeneity to food security. Third, environmental regulation and green technology innovation play an intermediary role in land transfer to food security. Fourth, land transfer has a spatial spillover effect on food security.

Discussion

This paper not only enriches the theoretical research on the impact of land transfer on food security, but also provides empirical evidence. It provides an important reference for deepening China’s land transfer policy system, optimizing land transfer resources and ensuring the safety of grain industry.
CD32B1, a versatile non-signaling antibody-binding scaffold for enhanced T cell adhesion to tumor stromal cognate antigens
Authors: Feigelson Sara W. , Dadosh Tali , Levi Nehora , Sapoznikov Anita , Weinstein-Marom Hadas , Blokon-Kogan Dayana , Avraham Yahel , Unger Tamar , Gross Gideon , Dahan Rony , Alon Ronen
Published: February 2025

Targeting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), as chimeric antigen T cells (CAR-T), T cell receptor-engineered (TCR)-T cells or adoptive cell transfer of tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) to solid tumors is a major therapeutic challenge. We describe a new strategy to confer these lymphocytes with de novo adhesiveness to surface proteins enriched in the tumor microenvironment. This approach is based on decorating CTLs with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to any surface protein of interest within the stroma and the extracelullar matrix of solid tumors. For efficient mAb decoration, we have introduced a mAb binding Fc receptor (FcR) scaffold, FcγRIIB1 (CD32B1), which we found to be enriched on B lymphocyte microvilli (MV). This isoform contains an inhibitory ITIM motif within a cytoplasmic tail anchored to the cortical cytoskeleton. We thus generated a non-signaling CD32B1 mutant lacking the ITIM motif (termed ITIM-less CD32B1, or ILCD32B1) and successfully expressed it in human T cells which normally do not express this FcR. The ILCD32B1 expressing lymphocytes bound multiple IgG1 mAbs whose Fc domain was engineered with a 5-residue substitution to reach a nM range of Fc-FcγCR dissociation constants. The mAb decorated ILCD32B1 expressing T cells could readily adhere to a surface-bound cognate antigen. To broaden the utility of this scaffold, we have also generated a new fusion protein in which the entire Fc binding domain was truncated (tILCD32B1) and replaced with a monomeric streptavidin variant, mSA2, via a CD8 hinge. The molecule, termed mSA2-CD8h-tILCD32B1, was also successfully expressed in T cells, readily and stably bound biotinylated IgG mAbs in vitro and once decorated with the biotin labeled mAbs, conferred the T cells with high adhesiveness to multiple surface-coated antigens. mSA2-CD8h-tILCD32B1 expressing human T cells decorated ex vivo with a biotin-labeled mAb retained the antibody for hours after accumulation inside breast tumors implanted in immunodeficient recipient mice. Our results collectively suggest that a non-signaling CD32B1 can be used as a versatile scaffold for mAb decoration of T cells. Our mAb decoration approach can confer new cell adhesive reactivities to improve tumor CTL (CAR-T and TIL) accumulation and retention inside solid tumors.
Developing transcriptomic biomarkers for TAVO412 utilizing next generation sequencing analyses of preclinical tumor models
Authors: Jin Ying , Chen Peng , Zhou Huajun , Mu Guangmao , Wu Simin , Zha Zhengxia , Ma Bin , Han Chao , Chiu Mark L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

TAVO412, a multi-specific antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), is undergoing clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. TAVO412 has multiple mechanisms of action for tumor growth inhibition that include shutting down the EGFR, c-Met, and VEGF signaling pathways, having enhanced Fc effector functions, addressing drug resistance that can be mediated by the crosstalk amongst these three targets, as well as inhibiting angiogenesis. TAVO412 demonstrated strong in vivo tumor growth inhibition in 23 cell-line derived xenograft (CDX) models representing diverse cancer types, as well as in 9 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lung tumor models.

Methods

Using preclinical CDX data, we established transcriptomic biomarkers based on gene expression profiles that were correlated with anti-tumor response or distinguished between responders and non-responders. Together with specific driver mutation that associated with efficacy and the targets of TAVO412, a set of 21-gene biomarker was identified to predict the efficacy. A biomarker predictor was formulated based on the Linear Prediction Score (LPS) to estimate the probability of patients or tumor model response to TAVO412 treatment.

Results

This efficacy predictor for TAVO412 demonstrated 78% accuracy in the CDX training models. The biomarker model was further validated in the PDX data set and resulted in comparable accuracy.

Conclusions

In implementing precision medicine by leveraging preclinical model data, a predictive transcriptomic biomarker empowered by next-generation sequencing was identified that could optimize the selection of patients that may benefit most from TAVO412 treatment.
Bibliometric insight into neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: trends, collaborations, and future avenues
Authors: Xu Pengliang , Yu Huanming , Bian Hupo , Jia Dan , Li Wenhui , Dong Hongfeng , Peng Xiuhua
Published: February 2025

Background

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NIT) is a rapidly emerging paradigm for advanced resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field.

Objective

To analyze the hotspots and trends in the research of NIT for NSCLC and provide a reference for the study of NIT for lung cancer in China.

Methods

Retrieve literature related to NIT for NSCLC from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to September 10, 2024. Use CiteSpace and VOSviewer software visualization software to analyze the keywords of country, author, institution, and literature.

Results

There were 1575 references, and the overall annual publication volume showed an upward trend; Forde and Patrick M have published the most articles in the literature. The research hotspots mainly focus on chemotherapy, NIT for NSCLC, immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathological reactions, etc.

Conclusions

This is the first bibliometric study comprehensively summarizing NIT’s research trends and development in NSCLC. Our bibliometric assessment provides a panoramic view of the research milieu surrounding NIT for NSCLC, encapsulating the present state, evolving trends, and potential future directions, particularly emphasizing the promise of immunochemotherapy.
Does the Chilean TURFs achieve the sustainability of its fisheries? Evaluation of its performance considering the administrative, biological, and economic dimensions of this fisheries regime
Authors: Romero Pedro , Bularz Bryan , Arenas-Proaño Gabriela , Moreno Daniel
Published: February 2025

The management based on the allocation of Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURF) is a mechanism used to achieve the sustainable development of the activity and its fisheries. In Chile, the measure began in the late 1990s, and after 30 years, it remains uncertain whether its implementation has achieved this goal. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the historical performance of the MEABR regime across biological, economic, and administrative dimensions. To achieve this, objectives for each dimension were defined in collaboration with the administrative professionals of the regime, leading to the identification of eight evaluation indicators. The performance results indicate that, in general, during the period from 1998 to 2020, the MEABR regime has met institutional objectives at an “acceptable” level in the biological, economic, and administrative dimensions. Specifically, regarding resource performance, it is observed that species such as loco, sea urchin, and the macroalgae kelps have seen increased initial densities within the areas; however, ecological conditions remain below acceptable levels, generating uncertainty about the future state of these resources. The study identifies the level of success of the regime and proposes strategies to reduce gaps to achieve sustainability objectives.
Life history, reproductive, and demographic parameters for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida
Authors: Wells Randall S. , Hohn Aleta A. , Scott Michael D. , Sweeney Jay C. , Townsend Forrest I. , Allen Jason B. , Barleycorn Aaron A. , McHugh Katherine A. , Bassos-Hull Kim , Lovewell Gretchen N. , Duffield Deborah A. , Smith Cynthia R. , Irvine A. Blair
Published: February 2025

Studies of the resident community of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of Sarasota Bay, Florida, have been conducted for more than 50 years. Detailed histories have been collected for resident individuals through integrated observations, systematic photographic identification surveys, tagging and tracking, catch-and-release health assessments, remote biopsy sampling, and stranding response. This has produced a unique dataset documenting life history milestones and vital rates of a small cetacean. Analyses of data from 482 resident Sarasota Bay dolphins have revealed estimated maximum life spans of 67 years for females and 52 years for males. For females, predicted age at sexual maturation is 8.5 years, with a predicted age at first reproduction of 9.6 years. Females were observed to give birth when 6-48 years of age, and have been documented with as many as 12 calves, with 45% observed post-separation. Ten percent of females were considered to be reproductively senescent, having gone >13 years without producing a calf. For males, predicted age at sexual maturation is 10 years. Males 10-43 years old sired calves, producing up to 7 calves each. The average calving interval was 3.5 years, albeit with effects due to mother’s age, birth order, and calf survival. Seasonal reproduction was evident, with 81% of births occurring during May-July. Mean annual birth rate was 0.071. Mean annual fecundity was 0.182 births/adult female (defined as females 6 yrs or older). Recruitment rate through reproduction was estimated to be 0.050 based on calves surviving their first year. Immigration was infrequent, with an estimated annual rate of 0.003-0.013. Estimated mean annual maximum loss rate, from mortality, emigration, and changed identification characteristics, was 0.072. Periods of increased loss rates were related to environmental events, and factors that may be important to long-term population resilience were suggested.
Case report: A novel 11-bp deletion in exon 11 causing a frameshift in the C-terminal of the ALAS2 gene leading to X-linked sideroblastic anemia—a family study
Authors: Al kindi Salam , Al-Mamari Altaf , Al-Zadjali Shoaib , Al-Rawahi Mohamed , Al Madhani Ali , Pathare Anil V.
Published: February 2025

X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) (MIM 300752) is the most common genetic form of sideroblastic anemia, a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by iron deposits in the mitochondria of erythroid precursors. It is due to mutations of the erythroid-specific enzyme ALAS2, the first enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Herein, we report a novel 11-bp deletion in exon 11 leading to a frameshift in the C-terminal region of the ALAS2 gene with a non-functional longer polypeptide of 614 amino acids leading to a loss-of-function mutation manifested as an X-linked sideroblastic anemia phenotype. The proband was a 29-year-old man with moderately severe microcytic hypochromic anemia with splenomegaly and increased ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow with considerable iron overload. Sanger sequencing documented a missense mutation leading to a frameshift with an elongated polypeptide of 614 AA instead of the normal 587 AA protein c.1743_1753 del (p.Gln581Hisfs*35). This mutation affected the interaction with cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate since the patient’s hemoglobin improved with oral administration of pyridoxine tablets. His iron overload also responded to sustained oral iron chelation therapy with deferasirox. The screening of the entire family’s kindred revealed that two other male siblings were also hemizygous for the same mutation with hypochromic microcytic anemia and tissue iron overload, whereas, three female siblings and their mother were heterozygous for the mutant allele. They did not have anemia or iron overload.
Preoxygenation strategies before intubation in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Na , Wei Chen , Deng Jiaxiang , Wang Yingying , Xie Hongwen
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) face life-threatening complications during tracheal intubation. Preoxygenation can enhance oxygen reserves and mitigate hypoxemia risk, but the optimal strategy remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the best preoxygenation strategy for these patients.

Methods

We conducted a network meta-analysis of studies published up to July 2024, evaluating conventional oxygen therapy (COT), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and their combinations prior to intubation. Data were extracted and analyzed using pairwise and network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework. Model selection was based on the deviance information criterion (DIC).

Results

A total of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 2,874 patients were included. NIV preoxygenation significantly reduced the likelihood of SpO2 <80% during intubation compared to COT (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.070–0.71). No significant differences were found in lowest SpO2, complications, ICU length of stay, or mortality across preoxygenation strategies. HFNC was the most effective for reducing complications, while HFNC combined with COT or NIV showed similar effects on the lowest SpO2 during intubation.

Conclusion

Preoxygenation with HFNC appears to be the safest and most effective approach prior to intubation in patients with AHRF compared to other strategies.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO (CRD42024565053).
From guideline to practice: three years of ICH S11 insights and recommendations
Authors: Tavares Diana , Chien Hsiao-Tzu , Sheean Maria Elzbieta , Theunissen Peter , van Meer Peter , Van Malderen Karen
Published: February 2025

Juvenile Animal Studies (JAS) may be warranted to ensure the safe clinical use of medicines for children. The ICH S11 guideline was developed to guide the need for and design of JAS, and proposes a weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach. We evaluated how the introduction of the guideline shaped the non-clinical strategy for paediatric medicines in the European Union. Our review included Paediatric Investigation Plans (PIPs) for 127 products approved between 2020 and 2023, along with the associated regulatory assessment and final non-clinical plans. Although in 12 of selected PIPs a JAS was already ongoing or completed at the time of submission, in all other cases (115/127), the PIP was submitted before the initiation of JAS. In 75% (86/115) of these procedures the discussions based on the ICH S11 WoE approach led to an agreement on the proposed non-clinical strategy. In approximately a quarter of PIPs, there was disagreement on the outcome of the WoE analysis leading to the addition (3%), modification (10%), or removal (11%) of JAS. Our review indicates that the implementation of ICH S11 facilitates science-driven discussions about the necessity and design of JAS within the broader non-clinical strategy. A thorough consideration of developmental aspects of the product’s pharmacological target, the clinical relevance of notable toxicity findings, and the clinical context of the medicine’s use fosters effective dialogue and improves regulatory alignment. The WoE approach in ICH S11 ensures that relevant safety information is generated to support paediatric drug development while balancing the principles of non-clinical replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs).
Xiaohua Funing decoction ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acids
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Jindong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) have emerged as factors involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Xiaohua Funing decoction (XFD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of NAFLD. Previous studies have indicated that XFD protects liver function, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, a Wistar rat model of NAFLD (Mod) was established via a high-fat diet. The effects of obeticholic acid (OCA) and XFD on Mod rats were subsequently evaluated. Wistar rats in the control (Con) group were fed a standard diet. There were eight rats in each group, and the treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Furthermore, metagenomic sequencing and BA metabolomic analyses were performed.

Results

Compared to the Con group, the Mod group presented significant differences in body and liver weights; serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels; and liver TG, TC, and bile salt hydrolase levels (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Importantly, OCA and XFD administration normalized these indicators (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Pathology of the liver and white fat steatosis was observed in the Mod group, but steatosis was significantly alleviated in the OCA and XFD groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The abundances of Bacteroidales_bacterium, Prevotella_sp., bacterium_0.1xD8-71, and unclassified_g_Turicibacter in the Mod group were significantly different from those in the Con group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas the abundance of Bacteroidales_bacterium was greater in the XFD group. A total of 17, 24, and 24 differentially abundant BAs were detected in the feces, liver, and serum samples from the Mod and Con groups, respectively (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In the feces, liver, and serum, XFD normalized the levels of 16, 23, and 14 BAs, respectively, including glycochenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, murideoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, 23-nordeoxycholic acid, and 3β-ursodeoxycholic acid. In addition, glycochenodeoxycholic acid was identified as a potential biomarker of NAFLD.

Discussion

In summary, our experiments revealed that XFD regulates the gut microbiota and BAs, providing beneficial effects on liver lipid accumulation in NAFLD.
Evaluation of the impact of postural restrictions after Semont liberatory maneuver on immediate reactions and short-term outcome in the posterior semicircular canal canalolithiasis: a preliminary study
Authors: Albera Andrea , Boldreghini Marco , Lucisano Sergio , Albera Roberto , Cassandro Claudia , Barci Alma , Riva Giuseppe , Canale Andrea
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most frequent peripheral vestibular disorder, characterized by brief but intense vertigo crises related to changes in position. The Liberatory maneuver is considered the gold-standard treatment, with a short-term resolution of the vertigo in over 70% of cases, and achieving a 90% success rate after four maneuvers. An immediate reaction to the subsequent repositioning maneuver is often an orthotropic nystagmus (Ny) occurring in the same direction as the Ny observed after returning to the primary position. This reaction, occurring seconds to minutes after reaching the second position, is considered a positive predictor of the maneuver’s effectiveness. To improve the success rate after the maneuver, many authors have suggested postural restrictions.

Methods

To determine the best predictors of outcome between the immediate behavior after the Semont maneuver and postural restriction, we analyzed 102 patients with posterior semicircular canalithiasis who underwent the Semont maneuver. In each case, we assessed the immediate reaction to the maneuver. Postural restrictions were recommended to 55 participants, while the remaining 40 were instructed to engage in normal head movements, even immediately following the maneuver.

Results

The resolution rate was almost the same (69% versus 62%), regardless of postural behavior, while a significantly high success rate was obtained in the presence of Ny in position 2 of the Semont maneuver.

Conclusion

Our results support the hypothesis that postural restriction is not necessary after the Semont maneuver and that the occurrence of Ny during position 2 is the main outcome indicator.