bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters
Authors: Tüngler Anne , Van der Auwera Sandra , Wittfeld Katharina , Frenzel Stefan , Terock Jan , Röder Nele , Homuth Georg , Völzke Henry , Bülow Robin , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Janowitz Deborah
Published: December 2021

Evidence from previous studies suggests that elevated body mass index (BMI) and genetic risk for obesity is associated with reduced brain volume, particularly in areas of reward-related cognition, e.g. the medial prefrontal cortex (AC-MPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the striatum and the thalamus. However, only few studies examined the interplay between these factors in a joint approach. Moreover, previous findings are based on cross-sectional data. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between increased BMI, brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and genetic risk scores in a cohort of n = 502 community-dwelling participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a mean follow-up-time of 4.9 years. We found that (1) increased BMI values at baseline were associated with decreased brain parameters at follow-up. These effects were particularly pronounced for the OFC and AC-MPFC. (2) The genetic predisposition for BMI had no effect on brain parameters at baseline or follow-up. (3) The interaction between the genetic score for BMI and brain parameters had no effect on BMI at baseline. Finding a significant impact of overweight, but not genetic predisposition for obesity on altered brain structure suggests that metabolic mechanisms may underlie the relationship between obesity and altered brain structure.
A new model for predicting boiling points of alkanes
Authors: Mukwembi Simon , Nyabadza Farai
Published: December 2021

A general perception among researchers is that boiling points, which is a key property in the optimization of lubricant performance, are difficult to predict successfully using a single-parameter model. In this contribution, we propose a new graph parameter which we call, for lack of better terminology, the conduction of a graph. We exploit the conduction of a graph to develop a single-parameter model for predicting the boiling point of any given alkane. The model was used to predict the boiling points for three sets of test data and predicted with a coefficient of determination, $$R^2=0.7516,~0.7898$$

R
2

=
0.7516
,

0.7898

and 0.6488, respectively. The accuracy of our model compares favourably to the accuracy of experimental data in the literature. Our results have significant implications on the estimation of boiling points of chemical compounds in the absence of experimental data.
Comparisons of deep learning algorithms for diagnosing bacterial keratitis via external eye photographs
Authors: Kuo Ming-Tse , Hsu Benny Wei-Yun , Lin Yi-Sheng , Fang Po-Chiung , Yu Hun-Ju , Chen Alexander , Yu Meng-Shan , Tseng Vincent S.
Published: December 2021

Bacterial keratitis (BK), a painful and fulminant bacterial infection of the cornea, is the most common type of vision-threatening infectious keratitis (IK). A rapid clinical diagnosis by an ophthalmologist may often help prevent BK patients from progression to corneal melting or even perforation, but many rural areas cannot afford an ophthalmologist. Thanks to the rapid development of deep learning (DL) algorithms, artificial intelligence via image could provide an immediate screening and recommendation for patients with red and painful eyes. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the potentials of different DL algorithms for diagnosing BK via external eye photos. External eye photos of clinically suspected IK were consecutively collected from five referral centers. The candidate DL frameworks, including ResNet50, ResNeXt50, DenseNet121, SE-ResNet50, EfficientNets B0, B1, B2, and B3, were trained to recognize BK from the photo toward the target with the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Via five-cross validation, EfficientNet B3 showed the most excellent average AUROC, in which the average percentage of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 74, 64, 77, and 61. There was no statistical difference in diagnostic accuracy and AUROC between any two of these DL frameworks. The diagnostic accuracy of these models (ranged from 69 to 72%) is comparable to that of the ophthalmologist (66% to 74%). Therefore, all these models are promising tools for diagnosing BK in first-line medical care units without ophthalmologists.
Neural correlates of product attachment to cosmetics
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshiaki , Noriuchi Madoka , Isobe Hiroko , Shirato Maki , Hirao Naoyasu
Published: December 2021

The neurobiological basis of brand and product attachment has received much attention in consumer neuroscience research, although it remains unclear. In this study, we conducted functional MRI experiments involving female users of famous luxury brand cosmetics as participants, based on the regions of interest involved in human attachment and object attachment. The results showed that the left ventral pallidum (VP), which is involved in positive reward, and the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), which is involved in self-concept, a key concept in object attachment, are the core regions in cosmetic attachment. Moreover, the performed psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that VP-temporoparietal junction connectivity positively correlated with activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and PCC–anterior hippocampus (aHC) connectivity positively correlated with subjective evaluation of attachment. The former suggests that object attachment is a human-like attachment and a stronger tendency of anthropomorphism is associated with stronger feelings of security. The latter suggests that the individual’s concept of attachment as well as the relationships with the attached cosmetics are represented in the aHC, and the PCC–aHC associations produce subjective awareness of the attachment relationships. These associations between memory and reward systems have been shown to play critical roles in cosmetic attachment.
Network oscillations imply the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control during idea generation in open-ended creation tasks
Authors: Jia Wenjun , von Wegner Frederic , Zhao Mengting , Zeng Yong
Published: December 2021

Design is a ubiquitous, complex, and open-ended creation behaviour that triggers creativity. The brain dynamics underlying design is unclear, since a design process consists of many basic cognitive behaviours, such as problem understanding, idea generation, idea analysis, idea evaluation, and idea evolution. In this present study, we simulated the design process in a loosely controlled setting, aiming to quantify the design-related cognitive workload and control, identify EEG-defined large-scale brain networks, and uncover their temporal dynamics. The effectiveness of this loosely controlled setting was tested through comparing the results with validated findings available in the literature. Task-related power (TRP) analysis of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands revealed that idea generation was associated with the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control, compared to other design activities in the experiment, including problem understanding, idea evaluation, and self-rating. EEG microstate analysis supported this finding as microstate class C, being negatively associated with the cognitive control network, was the most prevalent in idea generation. Furthermore, EEG microstate sequence analysis demonstrated that idea generation was consistently associated with the shortest temporal correlation times concerning finite entropy rate, autoinformation function, and Hurst exponent. This finding suggests that during idea generation the interplay of functional brain networks is less restricted and the brain has more degrees of freedom in choosing the next network configuration than during other design activities. Taken together, the TRP and EEG microstate results lead to the conclusion that idea generation is associated with the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control during open-ended creation task.
Evidence of feedback regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide during Vosoritide therapy in Achondroplasia
Authors: Prickett Timothy C. R. , Espiner Eric A. , Irving Melita , Bacino Carlos , Phillips John A. , Savarirayan Ravi , Day Jonathan R. S. , Fisheleva Elena , Larimore Kevin , Chan Ming Liang , Jeha George S.
Published: December 2021

Evidence from genetic disorders of CNP signalling suggests that plasma concentrations of CNP are subject to feedback regulation. In subjects with Achondroplasia (Ach), CNP intracellular activity is suppressed and plasma concentrations are raised but the therapeutic impact of exogenous CNP agonists on endogenous CNP is unknown. In this exploratory dose finding and extension study of 28 Ach children receiving Vosoritide over a 5 year period of treatment, endogenous CNP production was assessed using measurements of plasma aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP) adjusted for age and sex and normalised as standard deviation score (SDS), and then related to skeletal growth. Before treatment NTproCNP SDS was raised. Within the first 3 months of accelerating growth, levels were significantly reduced. Across the 5 years of sustained growth, levels varied widely and were markedly increased in some subjects during adolescence. Plasma NTproCNP was suppressed at 4 h post-injection in proportion to the prevailing level of hormone resistance as reflected by SDS before injection. We conclude CNP remains subject to regulation during growth promoting doses of Vosoritide. Fall in CNP during accelerating growth is consistent with an indirect feedback whereas the fall at 4 h is likely to be a direct effect from removal of intra cellular CNP resistance.
Divergence and efficiency optimization in polarization-controlled two-color high-harmonic generation
Authors: Roscam Abbing Sylvianne D. C. , Campi Filippo , Zeltsi Alexandra , Smorenburg Peter , Kraus Peter M.
Published: December 2021

Improving the brightness of high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources is one of the major goals for next-generation ultrafast, imaging and metrology applications in the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum. Previous research efforts have demonstrated a plethora of techniques to increase the conversion efficiency of HHG. However, few studies so far have addressed how to simultaneously minimize the divergence and improve focusability, which all contribute to an increased brightness of the source. Here, we investigate how to improve both photon yield and divergence, which is directly linked to focusability, when adding the second harmonic to the fundamental driving field. We study the effects of the relative polarization in two-color HHG and compare the results to a one-color configuration. In a perpendicular two-color field, the relative phase between the two colors can be used to suppress or enhance recombination of either the long or the short trajectories. This allows to exert control over the divergence of the harmonics. In a parallel two-color field, the ionization rate is modified through the two-color phase, which selects trajectories during the ionization step. This enhances the total yield. We elaborate on the underlying mechanisms for parallel, perpendicular, and intermediate polarization angles, and confirm our experimental observations with simulations.
Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Ayehu Gashaw Walle , Asnakew Sintayehu , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Amare Tadeg Jemere , Teshome Fentaw , Teshome Assefa Agegnehu , Arage Getachew , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Gebremariam Alemayehu Digssie , Engidaw Melaku Tadege , Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw
Published: December 2021

Diabetes has become a major public health problem, with 4.6 million deaths annually. The number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes is on the rise and has a diverse prevalence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to synthesize the pooled estimate prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The databases Medline, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search were used to find potential studies published from January 2013 until January 2021. Extracted data were entered into the excel spreadsheet. The random effects model with Der Simonian-Laird weights was used to assess the pooled estimate of prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to screen for statistical heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's statistical test were also used to search for any publication bias (small study effect). After extensive searching of articles on different databases, a total of nine studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was 5.75%, 95% CI (3.90–7.59%), and 8.94%, 95% CI (2.60–15.28%), respectively. Regarding the associated factors, participants family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes status. The pooled odds of developing diabetes mellitus among participants with a family history of diabetes mellitus were about 3.56 times higher than those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.56, 95% CI (2.23, 5.68)). In this review, the higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was observed among adults in Ethiopia. Family history of diabetes was found to have an association with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Our finding highlights the need of screening at the community level, with special focus on adults with family history of diabetes mellitus.
Efficacy of steroid therapy for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Murakami Terumi , Sato Takatoshi , Adachi Michiru , Ishiguro Kumiko , Shichiji Minobu , Tachimori Hisateru , Nagata Satoru , Ishigaki Keiko
Published: December 2021

Although there is only symptomatic treatment for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), several reports have suggested that steroid therapy could be effective for FCMD; however, no independent intervention studies have been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid therapy for restoring motor functions in FCMD patients. This study involved 3-to-10-year-old FCMD patients who exhibited a decline in motor functions, requested steroid therapy. Patients with consent started oral administration of 0.5-mg/kg prednisolone every alternate day, which was increased to 1.0 mg/kg if the response was inadequate. We used the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) to evaluate and compare the motor functions of all patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level, P ≤ 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. At the onset of steroid therapy, 8.10 years (SD, 2.14 years) was the mean age of FCMD patients. The mean GMFM difference between before and after the steroid therapy was + 1.23 (SD, 1.10), and a P value of 0.015 represented significant improvement in GMFM. Our results indicate that steroid therapy may contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the motor functions of advanced-stage FCMD patients.

Clinical Trial Registration Registration Number: UMIN000020715, Registration Date: Feb 1st, 2016 (01/02/2016).
Nanoemulsion delivery systems for enhanced efficacy of antimicrobials and essential oils
Authors: Garcia Celine R. , Malik Muhammad H. , Biswas Sujit , Tam Vincent H. , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Li Wei , Liu Xinli
Published: December 2021

This review summarizes essential oil- and antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions with varying routes of delivery to support nanoemulsions as drug delivery vehicles to combat infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Clodronate-nintedanib-loaded exosome–liposome hybridization enhances the liver fibrosis therapy by inhibiting Kupffer cell activity
Authors: Ji Keqin , Fan Mingrui , Huang Dong , Sun Lingna , Li Bingqin , Xu Ruoting , Zhang Jiajing , Shao Xuan , Chen Yanzuo
Published: December 2021

CLD/NIN@LIEV decreases the nonspecific phagocytosis of nanoparticles and suppresses the inflammatory cytokines secreted by Kupffer cells, thus enhancing the therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis.
Unique Cd0.5Zn0.5S/WO3−x direct Z-scheme heterojunction with S, O vacancies and twinning superlattices for efficient photocatalytic water-splitting
Authors: Hou Teng , Chen Hanchu , Li Yanyan , Wang Hui , Yu Fengli , Li Caixia , Lin Haifeng , Li Shaoxiang , Wang Lei
Published: December 2021

Unique Cd0.5Zn0.5S/WO3−x direct Z-scheme heterojunction with S, O vacancies and zinc blende/wurtzite twinning superlattices exhibited a dramatically heightened capability toward visible-light photocatalytic H2 generation.
Self-assembly of non-macrocyclic triangular Ni3Ln clusters
Authors: Dais Tyson N. , Takano Rina , Ishida Takayuki , Plieger Paul G.
Published: December 2021

Four new non-macrocyclic triangular Ni3M (M = LaIII, EuIII, GdIII, or BaII) complexes with planar Ni3MO6 cores are reported, including structural and magnetic characterisation.
Shape-selective one-step synthesis of branched gold nanoparticles on the crystal surface of redox-active PdII-macrocycles
Authors: Yamashita Yutaro , Tashiro Shohei , Ishii Yoshiki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Matsushita Nobuyuki , Kubota Ryou , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: December 2021

Redox-active PdII3-macrocycle crystals were found to provide an excellent platform for gold reduction and growth of immobilized particles, leading to the one-step synthesis of stable, monodisperse, Konpeito-shaped gold nanoparticles.
Regioselective CF2 functionalization of Sc3N@D3h(5)-C78
Authors: Pykhova Anastasia D. , Semivrazhskaya Olesya O. , Samoylova Nataliya A. , Popov Alexey A. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Goryunkov Alexey A.
Published: December 2021

CF2 addition to Sc3N@D3h(5)-C78 proceeds regioselectively and much readier than to Sc3N@C80. The resulting Sc3N@C78(CF2) is a kinetically controlled closed product considerably less favorable energetically than several alternative open isomers.
Backbone-driven host–dopant miscibility modulates molecular doping in NDI conjugated polymers
Authors: Rosas Villalva Diego , Singh Saumya , Galuska Luke A. , Sharma Anirudh , Han Jianhua , Liu Jian , Haque Md Azimul , Jang Soyeong , Emwas Abdul Hamid , Koster L. Jan Anton , Gu Xiaodan , Schroeder Bob C. , Baran Derya
Published: December 2021

Molecular doping is the key to enabling organic electronic devices, however, the design strategies to maximize doping efficiency demands further clarity and comprehension.
Selective 1,4-arylsulfonation of 1,3-enynes via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis
Authors: Li Chao , Hu Duo-Duo , Jin Ruo-Xing , Wu Bing-Bing , Wang Cheng-Yu , Ke Zhuofeng , Wang Xi-Sheng
Published: December 2021

A photoredox/nickel-catalyzed selective 1,4-arylsulfonation of 1,3-enynes to access structurally diverse sulfone-containing allenes has been established with low catalyst loading.
Development of novel bone targeting peptide–drug conjugate of 13-aminomethyl-15-thiomatrine for osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Su Jia , Liu Chao , Bai Haohao , Cong Wei , Tang Hua , Hu Honggang , Su Li , He Shipeng , Wang Yong
Published: December 2021

13-Aminomethyl-15-thiomatrine (M19) previously developed by our research group was a promising candidate for novel anti-osteoporosis drug development.
Bifunctional manganese oxide–silver nanocomposites anchored on graphitic mesoporous carbon to promote oxygen reduction and inhibit cathodic biofilm growth for long-term operation of microbial fuel cells fed with sewage
Authors: Khater Dena Z. , Amin R. S. , Fetohi Amani E. , El-Khatib K. M. , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Manganese oxide–silver nanocomposites anchored on graphitic mesoporous carbon were synthesized for enhancing oxygen reduction and inhibiting cathodic biofilm growth for the long-term operation of microbial fuel cells.
Lateral indentation of a thin elastic film
Authors: Trejo Miguel , Romero Victor , Hamm Eugenio , Cerda Enrique
Published: December 2021

Here we present an experimental setup for testing thin-film materials by studying the lateral indentation of a narrow opening cut into a film, triggering a cascade of buckling events.
Thickness dependent OER electrocatalysis of epitaxial LaFeO3 thin films
Authors: Burton Andricus R. , Paudel Rajendra , Matthews Bethany , Sassi Michel , Spurgeon Steven R. , Farnum Byron H. , Comes Ryan B.
Published: December 2021

Epitaxial LaFeO3 exhibits thickness dependent OER electrocatalysis which balances catalysis at surface defect states with charge transport through the LaFeO3 film.
Sillén–Aurivillius phase bismuth niobium oxychloride, Bi4NbO8Cl, as a new oxide-ion conductor
Authors: Kluczny Maksymilian , Song Jun Tae , Akbay Taner , Niwa Eiki , Takagaki Atsushi , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: December 2021

Fast oxide-ion conductivity in Bi3.9Sr0.1NbO8−δCl is reported for the first time, and this oxide is stable under a reducing atmosphere.
Highly promoted electrocatalytic activity of spinel CoFe2O4 by combining with Er0.4Bi1.6O3 as a bifunctional oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells
Authors: Kim Doyeub , Thaheem Imdadullah , Yu Hyeongmin , Park Jeong Hwa , Lee Kang Taek
Published: December 2021

The CoFe2O4–Er0.4Bi1.6O3 as a novel bifunctional oxygen electrode exhibits efficient ORR and OER bifunctionality for reversible SOCs at intermediate temperatures.
Exceptional lithium diffusion through porous aromatic framework (PAF) interlayers delivers high capacity and long-life lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ghasemiestahbanati Ehsan , Shehzad Areeb , Konstas Kristina , Setter Caitlin J. , O'Dell Luke A. , Shaibani Mahdokht , Majumder Mainak , Hill Matthew R.
Published: December 2021

Sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks (SPAFs) accelerate Li-ion diffusion while retarding the polysulfide shuttle effect in Li–S batteries. This leads to high residual capacity above 1000 mA h g−1 and coulombic efficiency (>99.5%) after 500 cycles.
Atomistic and electronic structure of metal clusters supported on transition metal carbides: implications for catalysis
Authors: Prats Hector , Stamatakis Michail
Published: December 2021

Several materials composed of metal nanoclusters supported on transition metal carbides (TMCs) are studiedviadensity functional theory, in view of the promising catalytic properties demonstrated experimentally for selected TMC–metal combinations.
Recent advances, practical challenges, and perspectives of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathodes
Authors: Ndubuisi Amanda , Abouali Sara , Singh Kalpana , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: December 2021

We present an overview on the development of various mixed conducting perovskite-type related structure metal oxides and other crystal structures, and composite cathodes for advanced solid oxide fuel cells.
Simultaneously intensified plasmonic and charge transfer effects in surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors using an MXene-blanketed Au nanoparticle assembly
Authors: Yoo Seong Soo , Ho Jeong-Won , Shin Dong-In , Kim Minjun , Hong Sunghwan , Lee Jun Hyuk , Jeong Hyeon Jun , Jeong Mun Seok , Yi Gi-Ra , Kwon S. Joon , Yoo Pil J.
Published: December 2021

MXene-blanketed Au nanoparticle assembly with energy level alignment effectively facilitates the charge transfer effect while securing the electromagnetic effect by guiding the analyte near to hotspot center for surface enhanced Raman scattering.
Highly conjugated three-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure-based nanocomposite films for ultrahigh-responsive TEA gas sensors at room temperature
Authors: Shao Shaofeng , Xie Chunyu , Xia Yuxuan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jun , Wei Song , Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Sang Sub
Published: December 2021

Ultrasensitive gas sensors have been successfully fabricated with the high-quality COFs@SnO2@CNS heterostructures and exhibit an excellent TEA sensing performance at room temperature.
Gradient adhesion modification of polyacrylamide/alginate–calcium tough hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Wanglong , Zhang Yiwei , Dai Yu , Xia Fan , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: December 2021

A gradient adhesive–tough hydrogel without an obvious heterogeneous interface was constructed by on-side coordination-induced diffusion for application as a strain sensor to monitor human motions.
Two-dimensional buckling structure induces the ultra-low thermal conductivity: a comparative study of the group GaX (X = N, P, As)
Authors: Shen Chen , Hadaeghi Niloofar , Singh Harish K. , Long Teng , Fan Ling , Qin Guangzhao , Zhang Hongbin
Published: December 2021

2D buckling structure induces the ultra-low thermal conductivity: a comparative study of the group GaX (X = N, P, As).
Redox-active benzoquinones as challenging “non-innocent” linkers to construct 2D frameworks and nanostructures with tunable physical properties
Authors: Monni Noemi , Angotzi Marco Sanna , Oggianu Mariangela , Sahadevan Suchithra Ashoka , Mercuri Maria Laura
Published: December 2021

This review highlights the ability of the redox-active quinone–semiquinonecorein tuning and/or switching the physical properties of quinone-based 2D frameworks and nanostructures and the potential of these materials in current/future technological applications.
Pharyngeal Pressure Variability During Volitional Swallowing Maneuvers
Authors: Teplansky Kristin J. , Jones Corinne A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Within-individual pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability differs among pharyngeal regions in healthy individuals and increases with age. It remains unknown if pharyngeal pressure variability is impacted by volitional swallowing tasks. We hypothesized that pressure variability would increase during volitional swallowing maneuvers and differ among pharyngeal regions depending on the type of swallowing task being performed.

Method:

Pharyngeal high-resolution manometry was used to record swallowing pressure data from 156 healthy participants during liquid (5 cc) or saliva swallows, and during volitional swallowing tasks including effortful swallow, Mendelsohn maneuver, Masako maneuver, or during postural adjustments. The coefficient of variation was used to determine pressure variability of velopharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter regions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used on log-transformed data to examine effects of pharyngeal region and swallowing tasks on swallow-to-swallow variability.

Results:

There was a significant main effect of task with greater pressure variability for the effortful swallow (
p
= .002), Mendelsohn maneuver (
p
< .001), Masako maneuver (
p
= .002), and the head turn (
p
= .006) compared with normal effort swallowing. There was also a significant main effect of region (
p
< .01). In general, swallowing pressure variability was lower for the tongue base and upper esophageal sphincter regions than the hypopharynx. There was no significant interaction of task and region (effortful,
p
= .182; Mendelsohn,
p
= .365; Masako,
p
= .885; chin tuck,
p
= .840; head turn,
p
= .059; and inverted,
p
= .773).

Conclusions:

Pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability increases in healthy individuals during volitional swallowing tasks. Less stable swallow patterns may result when tasks are less automatic and greater in complexity. These findings may have relevance to swallowing motor control integrity in healthy aging and individuals with neurogenic dysphagia.
Study of effectiveness of enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin in experimental salmonellosis of chickens
Authors: Skvortsov Vladimir , Yurin Dmitry , Tarasova Julia , Kapustin Andrey , Laishevtsev Alexey
Published: December 2021

In this publication we present a comparative study of effectiveness of enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin for treatment of chickens, experimentally infected with Salmonella infantis. The chickens received both drugs in water-soluble form via drinking water ad libitum at concentrations of 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L one day before the challenge and then four consecutive days. The chickens were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 150 million CFUs of one-day old agar culture of S. infantis in 0.5 mL isotonic saline. The observation period was 15 days. Enrofloxacin proved most effective (88% and 84%) at concentrations of 200 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Lower concentrations caused a decrease in its effectiveness. When enrofloxacin was administered at a concentration of 50 mg/L the survival rate for chickens was 64%. The effectiveness of moxifloxacin in our experiment was considerably lower. The survival rate for chickens, receiving moxifloxacin at concentrations 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L was respectively 32%, 28%, 32% and 16%, and their average lifespan was half as long as of those groups, receiving enrofloxacin. The results of our research prove the high effectiveness of enrofloxacin at a concentration 200 mg/L in drinking water for the treatment of experimental salmonellosis in chickens.
Validation of the method for determining the specific activity of the gel with recombinant endolysin
Authors: Vorobev Alexey , Anurova Mariia , Bagandova Kalimat , Mizaeva Toita , Aleshkin Andrei , Vasina Daria , Antonova Natalia , Gushchin Vladimir
Published: December 2021

A method for determining the specific bactericidal activity of the gel with the recombinant modified endolysin of the bacteriophage ECD7 has been developed. Bacterial strains to determine the specific bactericidal activity were selected and acceptance criteria were determined. The developed methodology was validated according to the indicators “Specificity”, “Accuracy” and “Intermediate precision”. The developed method has been successfully validated and is suitable for determining the specific bactericidal activity of a gel with a recombinant modified endolysin.
Intraspecies variability of the 16S rRNA gene of the soil bacteria Acinetobacter lwoffii and Paenibacillus taichungensis
Authors: Nechayeva Anastasiya , Boyarshin Konstantin , Bespalova Olga , Iatsenko Viktoriia , Seliverstov Evgeniy , Klyueva Violetta , Makanina Olesya
Published: December 2021

The functioning of well-studied key groups of soil microorganisms depends on the microbial ecosystem in which they function in interaction with species belonging to other ecological groups. An analysis of the composition of the soil microbiota, and the possibility of analyzing the number of representatives of specific species, remains an urgent task of soil microbiology. Such analysis could be performed using modern and expensive methods such as metagenomics and mass-spectrometry, but some questions could also be answered using real-time PCR. This well-known approach is rather cheap for massive analysis and is ready to present reproducible results for practical agricultural applications. Understanding the variability of the primary structure of 16S rRNA is key to the reliable identification of bacterial species and provides an opportunity to choose the optimal pathways for their detection by PCR. In this work, analysis of the sequences of 16S rRNA of two species of soil bacteria, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Paenibacillus taichungensis is carried out. The most variable and most conservative areas on the level of species are detected. It was proved that conventional variable and conservative areas of the gene have on average nearly the same level of variability on the intraspecies level.
The role of poliphenols in formation of fungicidal activity and resistance to exometabolites of the fungus on the example of in vitro crops sunflower and savory
Authors: Kalashnikova Elena , Zaytseva Svetlana , Thay Nguen Tan , Kirakosyan Rima , Cherednichenko Mikhail , Khlebnikova Dariya , Polivanova Oksana
Published: December 2021

When studying the formation of secondary metabolites represented by phenolic compounds in callus cultures of sunflower plants, it was found that under in vitro conditions under the influence of a stress factor, the accumulation of polyphenols increases. It was found that the biosynthetic activity of callus cultures with respect to polyphenol increases in proportion to the concentration of the culture filtrate of the fungus (Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum) in the nutrient medium. This is confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of polyphenols in callus cultures. In savory plants, when introduced into culture in vitro, there is a sharp decrease in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. Ethanol extracts of microclones and callus cultures showed no fungicidal activity.
Psychoactive effects of “Enoant” and “Resveratrol” in Wistar rats of both sexes
Authors: Khusainov Denis , Tribrat Natalia , Lukyantseva Albina , Chuyan Elena , Biryukova Elena , Dzheldubaeva Elviza , Ablyakimova Vasfie , Verhoturov Nikita
Published: December 2021

The effect of two supplements containing resveratrol (“Resveratrol” and “Enoant”) on the psycho-emotional state of animals with an initial index of anxiety and depression above 0.5 was studied. For this, the “Elevated plus maze” (EPM) and “Forced swim test” (FST) were used. “Resveratrol” significantly reduces the index of depressivity (ID) in males on the 7th and 14th days of application, in females – only on the 14th day. No significant influence on the anxiety index (AI) was found in both sexes. “Enoant” significantly reduces the ID in males on the 7th day, but not on the 14th day, while no significant differences were observed in females. However, unlike “Resveratrol”, “Enoant” significantly reduces the AI on the 14th day in rats of both sexes.
Development of technology for obtaining a liquid extract of medicinal sage ( Salvia officinalis L.)
Authors: Moldavanova Anastasia , Malyutina Anastasia , Kozubova Larissa , Kazakova Valentina , Shestopalova Natalia
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory diseases of the female genital area are dominant among the total number of gynecological diseases. Among all the variety of medicinal plant materials used in official medicine, salvia medicinal draws attention to itself, which has repeatedly proved its effectiveness in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes of various origins. That is why the goal was set to develop a technology for obtaining a liquid extract from the leaves of Salvia officinalis L. As a result of the study, a method was developed for obtaining a liquid extract by selecting the optimal extraction conditions. It was found that the optimal raw material-extractant ratio is 1:50, the optimal concentration of the extractant ethyl alcohol is 70%, the infusion time of the extract is 24 hours. To intensify the extraction process, the method of ultrasonic processing of raw materials at the soaking stage was used. The optimal time for processing plant materials with ultrasound was 45 minutes. As a result of using this method to obtain a liquid extract from the leaves of sage officinalis, the yield of phenolic compounds was doubled in comparison with obtaining an extract without sonication of raw materials and amounted to 182.7 mg / g of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glycoside.
Structural features of mineral carriers of medicinal substances
Authors: Bondarev Alexander , Zhilyakova Elena , Malyutina Anastasia , Kozubova Larissa , Avtina Natalia , Timoshenko Elena , Vasiliev Georgy
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to investigation of the structural features of mineral carriers of medicinal substances. Tasks: conduct electron microscopy and study the structural features of mineral sorbents; develop a classification of sorption interaction. The materials are Smectite Dioctahedral (registration certificate N 015155/01, France), Kaolin (state standard 19608-84, Russia), Montmorillonite Clay (technical specifications 9296-001-62646221-2012, Russia). The methods are scanning electron microscopy on a FEI Quanta 600 microscope with a low vacuum mode and an LFD detector. Results. Electron microscopy of objects was performed using segmentation of elements as subsystems, inside which the morphological description does not penetrate. The morphology of objects is studied. It is established that the studied substances are microstructural objects. Porosity was determined in samples of Smectite, Kaolin and Montmorillonite Clay. The classification of sorption interaction is developed. According to the presented classification, the materials under study are divided into two groups according to their porous characteristics: Group 1-sorption interaction in pores and by ion exchange (Smectite, Montmorillonite Clay); Group 2-sorption in secondary pores and by means of Oxygen and Hydroxyl centers (Kaolin).
Research on Preheating Temperature Field Test of Natural Gas Pipeline in Service Welding under Extreme Condition
Authors: Xu Yan , Liu Yinglai , Feng Zhenjun , Nie Xianghui , Zhang Chao , Jasmine
Published: December 2021

When the natural gas pipeline is welding in service, the fast flowing medium with pressure in the pipe will take away a lot of heat, and the preheating temperature is not easy to be guaranteed, so it is easy to appear hydrogen-induced crack. In this paper, the in-service welding preheating temperature field of natural gas pipeline under the limit condition of unreduced volume was studied, and the pre-welding preheating test was carried out by using the medium frequency heating method. It is found that the temperature below the heating belt increases gradually with the increase of the intermediate frequency heating power, and the fitting shows a quadratic polynomial gradient. There are differences in preheating temperatures on the same circumference. The highest temperature mostly appears in the direction of 3 point of the pipeline, while the lowest temperature mostly appears in the direction of 0 point, which is related to the tightness of the heating belt, sunshine, blowing and other factors. In addition, the preheating temperature field of the pipeline in service is related to the gas flow in the pipeline. At the same heating power, the downstream temperature of the heating belt is higher than the upstream temperature at the same location, and the closer to the heating belt, the higher the temperature is. When the gas flow rate reaches 9.37m/s and the heating power is 160kW, the average measured temperature at 50mm upstream and downstream of the heating belt of Φ1016 pipeline is 107℃, and the average measured temperature at 50mm upstream of the heating belt is 71℃. When the gas flow rate reaches 8.91m/s and the heating power is 200kW, the average measured temperature at the downstream 50mm of the heating belt of Φ1219 pipeline is 72℃, the average measured temperature at the upstream 50mm of the heating belt is 52℃and the average measured temperature at the upstream 30mm of the heating belt is 71℃..
Analysis of 120m Circular Enclosed Coal Yard Based on Finite Element Mechanics
Authors: Teng Wang
Published: December 2021

Large diameter circular closed coal yard has large coal pile, high coal pile height, and the cancellation of expansion joints, which has many adverse effects on the structure. The study of finite element analysis method, in view of the large stack on the effect of pile and pile of coal load and temperature effect on structure to do the analysis, the influence of material parameters was verified the correctness of the structure internal force under the condition of various loads is obtained as a result, the temperature effect may produce several times the pile of coal load internal force, provides reference for engineering design.
Calculation Method for Load-Carrying Capacity of Circular Reinforced Con
Authors: Wang Tingwei
Published: December 2021

Finite element method and fiber model method were used to calculate the load-carrying capacity of the specimens. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, simplified calculation method of the load-carrying capacity for this kind of member is proposed. It indicates that finite element method result is relatively small, fiber model method result accords well with the experimental result. Circular reinforced concrete members covered with steel tube presents both the characteristics of reinforced concrete and concrete filled steel tube member, showing higher load-carrying capacity and greater deformability. The load-carrying capacity of circular reinforced concrete members covered with steel tube can be calculated by the means of the method of reinforced concrete member with confined concrete. The result predicted by the simplified method is in good agreement with the experimental result.
Lithium Ions Batteries Electrodes Materials, Design, Outlook and Future Perspectives
Authors: Li Xiangrui
Published: December 2021

With the rapid growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) industry and market, it is important to develop LIBs with higher capacities, stability and lifespan. However, challenges like low conductivity, solid electrolyte interface formation and electrode cracking now are in the way, which are closely related to electrode deficiency. Hence, to obtain better performance, the main orientation is to improve electrode materials’ morphological structure. Better porosity, stability and conductivity of anode and cathode materials tangibly improve the performance of LIBs including coulombic efficiency, safety and cyclic lifespan. This review paper will combine current challenges, commonly used and emerging electrode materials together with battery testing methods and their market trend to provide a big picture about LIBs
L’héritage d’Henrietta Lacks
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: December 2021

Many developments in biology and biotechnology have relied on the HeLa cell line, originally derived in 1951 from a Black cancer patient without her knowledge. This origin became generally known at the turn of the century, and the patient’s descendants have sought and obtained some recognition and some control but little compensation. They have now retained two famous attorneys to sue a biotech firm for very extensive damages, with more legal action planned against other companies. This may have important repercussions for the biotech industry, and raises complex issues regarding ownership of biological material and compensation to patients from whom these materials have been obtained.
Tétraspanines et syndécanes
Authors: Ghossoub Rania , Leblanc Raphael , David Guido , Zimmermann Pascale
Published: December 2021

Les exosomes sont de petites vésicules extracellulaires qui sont produites dans des compartiments endosomaux. Les mécanismes moléculaires sur lesquels reposent la biologie des exosomes, de leur biogenèse à leur internalisation par les cellules cibles, font notamment appel à des protéines membranaires particulières. Ces mécanismes méritent d’être clarifiés, afin de mieux comprendre la complexité de la composition des exosomes et de rationaliser leur utilisation comme biomarqueurs ou comme outils thérapeutiques. Nous discutons ici comment les syndécanes et les tétraspanines, deux familles de protéines d’échafaudage, coopèrent pour réguler les différentes étapes de la biologie des exosomes.
Biomarqueurs vésiculaires
Authors: Bonifay Amandine , Ghayad Sandra , Lacroix Romaric , Dignat-George Françoise
Published: December 2021

Les maladies cardiovasculaires et les cancers sont les premières causes de mortalité et de morbidité dans le monde. La recherche de biomarqueurs pertinents est un réel enjeu pour améliorer leur prise en charge clinique et thérapeutique. Les progrès rapides faits sur l’identification du contenu moléculaire et fonctionnel des vésicules extracellulaires et le développement de méthodologies sensibles et robustes identifient ces dernières comme des biomarqueurs prometteurs, accessibles dans les biopsies liquides. L’adaptation des étapes pré-analytiques, analytiques et une standardisation adaptée à chaque cible vésiculaire sont des prérequis indispensables pour accélérer le transfert de ces biomarqueurs vésiculaires vers la clinique et accompagner le développement d’une médecine personnalisée.
Taxonomical insights and ecology of sandfly (Diptera, Psychodidae) species in six provinces of Northern Vietnam
Authors: Vu Sinh Nam , Tran Hai Son , Tran Vu Phong , Tran Cong Tu , Tran Nhu Duong , Dang Duc Anh , Nguyen Thi Yen , Vu Thi Lieu , Ngo Khanh Phuong , Nguyen Viet Hoang , Hoàng Ngọc Anh , Cassan Cécile , Prudhomme Jorian , Depaquit Jérôme , Rahola Nil , Bañuls Anne-Laure
Published: December 2021

We studied sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations in six provinces of Vietnam. This work explores the diversity of sandfly species according to the province, as well as environment, and updated information on public health since leishmaniasis cases were reported in two provinces. Sandflies were collected using 428 CDC light traps from May 30 to October 13, 2016 and identified based on the morphology of the cibarium, pharynx and/or male genitalia or female spermathecae. A total of 2585 sandflies belonging to five genera and 13 identified species were collected. The main species were: theSergentomyia barraudigroup (12.53%),Se. sylvatica(9.63%) andPhlebotomus stantoni(3.95%). In all, 294Sergentomyiaspecimens classified asSe.sp2 andSe.sp3 and a heterogeneous group, herein calledSe.und_sp., showed unknown morphological characteristics requiring further studies. We provide detailed comments about morphological description and taxonomical identification in order to help standardization of sandfly classification in Southeast Asia. We observed differentiation according to the provinces in terms of density and species richness, with Lang Son having the highest density and Ninh Binh having the highest species richness. The majority of specimens were collected in rock caves and outdoors, suggesting mainly cavernicolous and exophilic characters of sandfly species in Northern Vietnam. However, specimens were also collected in intra- and peri-domiciliary sites. It is worth noting thatPh. stantoniwas the main species found in dog sheds and indoors, and in particular in a leishmaniasis patient’s house.
Exact tail asymptotics for a three-dimensional Brownian-driven tandem queue with intermediate inputs
Authors: Dai Hongshuai , Dawson Donald A. , Zhao Yiqiang Q.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider a three-dimensional Brownian-driven tandem queue with intermediate inputs, which corresponds to a three-dimensional semimartingale reflecting Brownian motion whose reflection matrix is triangular. For this three-node tandem queue, no closed form formula is known, not only for its stationary distribution but also for the corresponding transform. We are interested in exact tail asymptotics for stationary distributions. By generalizing the kernel method, and using extreme value theory and copula, we obtain exact tail asymptotics for the marginal stationary distribution of the buffer content in the third buffer and for the joint stationary distribution.
Optimal inventory strategies for an imperfect production system with advertisement and price reliant demand under rework option for defectives
Authors: Gautam Prerna , Maheshwari Sumit , Hasan Ahmad , Kausar Amrina , Jaggi Chandra K.
Published: December 2021

Every industrial sector emits carbon emissions during production, which is always a major concern for environmental practitioners. To resolve this, innovative and smart ways are required that are not only cost-effective but also environmentally savvy. Moreover, the production processes are also prone to various imperfections, and thus the production of defectives is quite pragmatic. The handling of such defective products varies from industry to industry and type of products. The present study constructs an inventory model to handle the defective products via a proficient rework strategy that makes the product fit to be sold at the primary price. Here, the demand for the product is assumed to be dependent on the selling price and advertisements. The model also considers the energy usage during the production and the cost of carbon emissions while optimizing the production batch size and selling price. Optimality is proved graphically by using the software Mathematica 11.3.0. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis for all the parameters is performed to impart managerial insights and robustness to the model.