bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Operative Laboratory Investigation of Bioconversion Route From Waste Coal to Natural Energy
Authors: Basera Priyanka , Lavania Meeta , shinde Omkar , Sarkar Supriya Kumar , Lal Banwari
Published: August 2021

Purpose: In the present research, the potential of reactivated consortium for the methane production consuming waste coal as a carbon source (1% w/v) in the modified media at mesophilic temperature (37°C) was determined. Methods: Media modification was conducted for the enhancement of methane production by selecting three different components from the two media i.e. Methanosprillium sp producing media (MSP) and Methane producing bacteria media (MPB). From MSP medium; C2H2NaO2 (sodium acetate), KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen the phosphate) and NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) whereas from MPB medium; yeast extract, peptone, and NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) were selected in the range of 0.5-2.5 (g/l). Analytical assay i.e Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. Further, compatibility study and pathogenicity was performed.Results: In the present study reactivated consortia was used therefore key components of the media were modified. In case of MPB medium: 2g/l of yeast extract, 2g/l peptone and 1 g/l NH4Cl showed the promising results. Whereas, for MSP medium: 1 g/l of KH2PO4, 0.5 g/l of NaHCO3 and 1.5 g/l of C2H2NaO2 were noted to be the suitable range for methane production. Analytical studies confirmed the presences of -OH and aliphatic groups which majorly belongs to alkane, alkene, and phenol derivatives compounds whereas Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies delineated the active interaction of bacteria with coal particles. In addition, a compatibility study was performed and their successful results aid in the future approach of field implementation. Further, pathogenicity data indicated the non-virulent and non-toxic nature of the consortia. Conclusions: Production of waste coal is one of the most problematic and common activities of the mining industry. They release toxic substances into the environment (water, air, and soil) and damage the local biodiversity. Therefore, the generation of biogenic methane from waste coal is an environmentally friendly approach to overcome this problem.
Observations of Boundary Layer Wind and Turbulence of a Landfalling Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Zhao Zhongkuo , Gao Ruiquan , Zhang Jun A. , Zhu Yong , Liu Chunxia , Chan P. W. , Wan Qilin
Published: August 2021

This study analyzed the atmospheric boundary layer characteristics based on the multiple level observations by a 350-m height tower during the landfall of Super Typhoon Mangkhut (1822). Mean wind profiles showed logarithmic wind profiles at different wind speed ranges suggesting nearly constant flux layers. The height of the constant layer increased with the wind speed and deceased with the radial distance from the storm centre. This behaviour was supported by flux observations. Momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy increased with the wind speed at all flux measurement levels. The drag coefficient (surface roughness) estimated was nearly a constant with a value of 8´10-3 (0.09 m). Both the estimated eddy diffusivity and mixing length varied with height. The eddy diffusivity also varied with the wind speed. Our results supported that the eddy diffusivity is larger over land than over ocean in a same wind speed range.
Utilization of Inpatient Ophthalmology Services In Taiwan—A Nationwide Population Study
Authors: Hsu Chia-An , Hsu Min-Huei , Yen Ju-Chuan
Published: August 2021

Background and AimsThe goal of this study was to perform a nationwide investigation of ophthalmic admission services from 1997 to 2011 in Taiwan. MethodsTaiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was utilized to conduct this study. Records of primary ophthalmic admissions from 1997 to 2011 were extracted. Admissions were categorized as operative and non-operative. The total study period was divided into an early period from 1997 to 2005 and a late period from 2006 to 2011. ResultsThe mean ages of patients were 56 and 44 years for operative and non-operative admissions, respectively. The male to female ratio was approximately 1.3 to 1, and the average length of hospital stay was approximately 4 days. The average cost was approximately 1000 United State Dollars per admission, with a slightly increasing trend over time. The number of ophthalmic admissions trended downward, from 3,248 in 1997 to 2,174 in 2011. Operative cases were primarily admitted for the purposes of cataract surgery, vitrectomy, and scleral buckling during both periods and included trabeculectomy during the late period. Non-operative cases were primarily admitted to treat corneal ulcer; glaucoma; infection, including orbital cellulitis and lid abscess; blunt eye injury; and optic neuritis. Non-operative cases in this study included a high proportion of corneal ulcers during both periods. ConclusionThe landscape of primary ophthalmic admissions in Taiwan were probed and analyzed in this study. Future policy makers and ophthalmologists could utilize the completed panorama of Taiwan’s eye care services to make informed decisions.
Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bhukya Srinivasa , Wu Zhenhua , Maniscalco Joseph , Elmustafa Abdelmageed
Published: August 2021

In this research, Copper (Cu) donor material assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy was studied. Cu assisted FSW joints of AA6061-T6 alloy were prepared at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and various welding speeds at 1 mm/s and 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of different thickness (i.e., 20%, 40%, and 60%) with respect to the workpiece thickness was selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. It is observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material with incremental thicknesses with respect to workpiece at the plunge stage. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of microstructure, and mechanical properties. The results of microstructure analysis at the stir zone (SZ) show the formation of finer grains due to dynamic recrystallization and plastic deformation. Micro-hardness tests reveal that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the SZ across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest value of hardness appeared in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness in the SZ decreased due to lower heat input and faster cooling rate. Tensile test plots show no significant change in ultimate tensile strength with or without Cu donor material. Fractography of tensile tested samples shows both ductile and brittle like structure for given welding parameters. This proposed work of FSW with Cu donor material is promising to increase tool life due to the decrement of the downforce during plunge and throughout the welding stage. Meanwhile, the inclusion of donor material did not compromise the weld quality in terms of the mechanical properties and micro-hardness.
Local Spread of Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses Without A Mutation For The Maximum Duration of An Epidemic Season In Japan
Authors: Kageyama Seiji , Tsuneki-Tokunaga Akeno , Kanai Kyosuke
Published: August 2021

Close observation of the local transmission of influenza A(H1N1) viruses enabled an estimation of the transmission period of the virus without a mutation. Of 4,448 isolates from 11 consecutive years, 237 isolates could be categorized into 57 strain groups with identical hemagglutinin genes. Transmission of these 57 strains was chased for the maximum duration of an epidemic season. In addition, 35 identical strains were recognized at the study site and other countries within 147 days. Consequently, it can be postulated that once an influenza virus enters a temperate country, the strain rarely mutates until the end of the season.
Preventive Effect of Biodegradable Stents On Biliary Stricture And Fibrosis After Biliary Anastomosis In A Porcine Model
Authors: Kwon Chang-Il , Choi Sung Hoon , Kim Kyu Seok , Moon Jong Pil , Park Sehwan , Jeon Jinkyung , Kim Gwangil , Jang Jae Young , Sung Min Je , Ko Kwang Hyun , Son Jun Sik
Published: August 2021

The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the preventive effect of novel biodegradable stents (BS) on biliary stricture and fibrosis after duct-to-duct (DD) biliary anastomosis. Ten mini-pigs were allocated to the control group (n = 5) and or the stent group (n = 5). The common bile duct was exposed through surgical laparotomy, and then resected transversely. In the stent group, a 4 mm or 6 mm polydioxanone/magnesium sheath core BS was inserted according to the width of the bile duct, followed by DD biliary anastomosis. In the control group, DD biliary anastomosis was performed without BS insertion. In the stent group, stents were observed without deformity for up to four weeks in all animals. Eight weeks later, histopathologic examination revealed that the common bile duct of the anastomosis site was relatively narrower in circumference in the control group compared to the stent group. The degree of fibrosis in the control group was more marked than in the stent group (3.84 mm vs. 0.68 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). Our study showed that novel BS maintained their original shape and radial force for an adequate time and then disappeared without adverse events.
Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle/Metabolic Responses To Resistance Exercise Training in South Asian and White European Men
Authors: Alkhayl Faris , Ismail Ahmad , Celis-Morales Carlos , Wilson John , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Johnston Lynsey , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason , Preston Tom , Gray Stuart
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe aims of the current study, therefore, were to compare 1) free-living MPS and 2) muscle and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise in South Asian and white European adults.MethodsEighteen South Asian and 16 White European men were enrolled in the study. Free-living muscle protein synthesis was measured at baseline. Muscle strength, body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max and metabolic responses (insulin sensitivity) to a mixed meal were measured at baseline and following 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Results Free-living muscle protein synthesis was not different between South Asians (1.48 ± 0.09 %/day) and White Europeans (1.59 ± 0.15 %/day) (p=0.522). In response to resistance exercise training there were no differences, between South Asians and White Europeans, muscle mass, lower body strength or insulin sensitivity. However, there were differences between the ethnicities in response to resistance exercise training in body fat, resting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood pressure, VO2max and upper body strength with responses less favourable in South Asians. ConclusionIn this exploratory study there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis or anabolic and metabolic responses to resistance exercise, yet there were less favourable responses in several outcomes. These findings require further investigation.
Combined use of Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-seq) And Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) For Rapid Identification of Genes Influencing Fiber Content of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Zhao Yue , Sun Yufeng , Cao Kun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Bian Jing , Han Chengwei , Jiang Ying , Xu Lei , Wang Xiaonan
Published: August 2021

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an ancient crop, is a significant source of high-quality fiber that primarily caters to the textile industry worldwide. Compared to other fiber crops, hemp is an environmentally friendly fiber crop which requires fewer pesticides and purifies the soil during cultivation. Fiber content is a crucial quantitative trait for evaluating fiber yield in hemp. Understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in hemp breeding is essential for improving yield. In this study, to investigate these underlying mechanisms, we developed 660 F1 plants from a cross between Jindao-15(high fiber content fiber-use variety)and Fire No.1༈low fiber content fiber-use variety༉, and thirty plants each with high and low fiber content were selected from 305 monoecious plants of this population according to 5 %-10 % of population size for quantitative traits. The DNA from these plants was extracted to establish two bulk DNA pools. The DNA was then subjected to the restriction digestion by the enzymes RsaI and HaeIII to obtain 314–364 bp digestion fragments and subjected to sequencing using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Then, each fragment was labeled with specific SLAF tags, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to determine the candidate regions related to fiber content through marker association analysis of genotype frequency differences between the mixed pools of DNA. The gene annotation results identified the candidate genes responsible for the fiber content of hemp. In this study, we successfully developed 368,404 SLAF tags, which led to the detection of 389,687 SNPs. These SNPs were then subjected to the SNP-Index correlation algorithm, which revealed four candidate regions related to fiber content traits on Chromosome 1, with a length of 8.68 Mb and containing 389 annotated genes. We found that 199 non-synonymous mutations which change the amino acids sequences existed in the parent population. The annotation information and the comparison results identified 15 genes that were highly likely to modulate the fiber content of hemp. Further, qPCR validation identified six genes (LOC115705530, LOC115705875, LOC115704794, LOC115705371, LOC115705688 and LOC115707511) that were highly positively correlated with influencing the hemp fiber content. These genes were involved in the transcription regulation, auxin and water transportion, one carbon and sugar metabolism. Thus, our study highlights the importance of the combined use of SLAF-Seq and Bulked Segregant analysis (BSA) to locate genes related to hemp fiber content rapidly. Hence, our study provides novel mechanistic inputs for the fast identification of genes related to important agronomic traits of hemp and other crops catering to the textile industry.
Cortical Activation during Cooperative and Competitive Joint Actions in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – An fNIRS Study
Authors: Su Wan-Chun , Culotta McKenzie , Tsuzuki Daisuke , Bhat Anjana
Published: August 2021

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have social communication and perceptuomotor difficulties that affect their ability to engage in various types of joint actions. In this study, we compared spatio-temporal action errors and fNIRS-related cortical activation between children with and without ASD during a Lincoln log joint action game requiring them to play leader or follower roles, move in synchrony or while taking turns, and move cooperatively or competitively with an adult partner. Children with ASD had greater motor, planning, and spatial errors and took longer to complete the building tasks compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children with ASD had lower superior temporal sulcus (STS) activation during Turn-take and Compete, and greater Inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL) activation during Lead and Turn-take compared to TD children. As joint action demands increased, TD children showed greater STS activation during Turn-take (vs. Synchrony) and Compete (vs. Cooperate) whereas children with ASD showed greater IPL activation during Lead and Compete (vs. Cooperate). Our findings suggest that children with ASD rely on self-generated action plans (i.e., increased IPL activation) more than relying on their partner’s action cues (i.e., reduced STS activation) when performing joint actions.
Magnetoencephalography Resting-State Correlates of Executive and Language Components of Verbal Fluency
Authors: Oswald Victor , Zerouali Younes , Boulet-Craig Aubrée , Krajinovic Maja , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Jolicoeur Pierre , Lippé Sarah , Jerbi Karim , Robaey Philippe
Published: August 2021

Verbal fluency (VF) is a heterogeneous test that requires executive functions as well as language abilities. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the specificity of the resting state MEG correlates of the executive and language components. To this end, we administered a VFtest, another verbal test (Vocabulary), and another executive test (Trail Making Test), and we recorded 5-min eyes-open resting-state MEG data in 28 healthy participants. We used source-reconstructed spectral power estimates to compute correlation/anticorrelation MEG clusters with the performance at each test, as well as with the advantage in performance between tests, across individuals using cluster-level statisticsin the standard frequency bands. By obtaining conjunction clusters between verbal fluency scores and factor loading obtained for verbal fluency and each of the two other tests, we showed a core of slow clusters (delta to beta) localized in the right hemisphere, in adjacent parts of the premotor, pre-central and post-central cortex in the mid-lateral regions related to executive monitoring. We also found slow parietal clusters bilaterally and a cluster in the gamma 2 and 3 bandsin the left inferior frontal gyrus likely associated with phonological processinginvolved in verbal fluency.
Genome and Metagenome of The Phytophagous Gall-Inducing Mite Fragariocoptes Setiger (Eriophyoidea): Are Symbiotic Bacteria Responsible For Gall-Formation?
Authors: Klimov Pavel B. , Chetverikov Philipp E. , Dodueva Irina E. , Vishnyakov Andrey E. , Bolton Samuel J. , Paponova Svetlana S. , Lutova Ljudmila A. , Tolstikov Andrey V.
Published: August 2021

Eriophyoid mites represent a hyperdiverse, phytophagous lineage with an unclear phylogenetic position. These mites have succeeded in colonizing nearly every seed plant species, and this evolutionary success was in part due to the mites' ability to induce galls in plants. A gall is a unique niche that provides the inducer of this modification with vital resources. The exact mechanism of gall formation is still not understood, even as to whether it is endogenic (mites directly cause galls) or exogenic (symbiotic microorganisms are involved). Here we (i) investigate the phylogenetic affinities of eriophyoids and (ii) use comparative metagenomics to test the hypothesis that the endosymbionts of eriophyoid mites are involved in gall-formation. Our phylogenomic analysis robustly inferred eriophyoids as closely related to Nematalycidae, a group of deep-soil mites belonging to Endeostigmata. Our comparative metagenomics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy experiments identified two candidate endosymbiotic bacteria shared across samples, however, it is unlikely that they are gall-inducers (morphotype1: novel Wolbachia, morphotype2: possibly Agrobacterium tumefaciens). We also detected an array of plant pathogens associated with galls that may be vectored by the mites; a mite pathogenic virus (Betabaculovirus) has the potential to be used in the biocontrol of agricultural pests.
Dynamic Evaluation of Policy Feasibility, Feedbacks and the Ambitions of COALitions
Authors: Bi Stephen , Bauer Nico , Jewell Jessica
Published: August 2021

The Paris Agreement prioritised international bottom-up climate negotiations. Meanwhile, research has asserted the coal exit as a prerequisite for Paris-consistent pathways. The Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA), an opt-in initiative toward phasing-out coal-fired electricity by mid-century, embodies both paradigms but currently encompasses just 5% of global coal demand. To assess its long-term prospects against Paris-consistent pathways, we couple the energy-economy model REMIND to an empirical coalition accession model and demonstrate a novel scenario analysis technique, Dynamic Policy Evaluation (DPE). Capturing co-evolutionary feedbacks between policy uptake and global energy markets, we simulate nationally-and-temporally-fragmented PPCA accession and analyse its sensitivity to coalition growth, sectoral ambition, and Covid-19-related uncertainty. Surprisingly, we find that virtually-global PPCA participation achieves <3% of 1.5oC-consistent coal declines, as non-electric consumption remains unregulated. In contrast, our median-estimate scenario (82% accession) assuming economy-wide coverage achieves ~53% efficacy (virtually-global: ~85%), suggesting that the PPCA should prioritise policy ambition over coalition expansion.
The climate roles of H2O and CO2 from longwave absorption
Authors: Anderl Thomas
Published: August 2021

In search for reproducibility of the results from sophisticated scientific research, the present work focuses on the longwave absorption in the atmosphere. It is found that the variability of Earth’s surface temperature follows a near-proportional relationship between the atmospheric trace gas concentrations of water vapor and CO2, and longwave absorption. Furthermore, estimates are attempted on the CO2 V/R-T (vibrational/rotational-to-translational) energy transfer as a dominant heating process.
ASOCIACION DE LA CLASIFICACION LI-RADS 2018 CON LOS HALLAZGOS HISTOPATOLOGICOS DE CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR, EN EL CENTRO MEDICO NAVAL, PERIODO: ENERO 2016 - DICIEMBRE 2020
Authors:   Residente De La Especialidad En Imagenologia Diagnostica, Terapeutica Del Centro Medico Naval., Garcia Belen Mendoza , Vazquez Constantino Contreras ,   Medico Adscrito De Imagenologia Diagnostica, Terapeutica Del Centro Medico Naval.
Published: August 2021

The LI-RADS Classification is an interpretation and reporting system to classify focal alterations of the liver with the risk of developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma, using a series of major criteria in Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance These findings can be classified into 5 categories.The objective of this thesis is to identify if there is an association between the LI-RADS 2018 classification and the histopathological results of patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma from the Naval Medical Center. Materials And Methods:An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out from January 2016 to December 2020. In this study, 35 patients with a diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma were analyzed, who underwent Computed Tomography or Abdomino-pelvic Magnetic Resonance , to associate said pathology with imaging findings, complying with the most characteristic major criteria that allow staging in the LI-RADS 2018 System. Results:Of the 35 patients, 57% were women (n = 20), 43% were men (n = 15). Of the total number of patients, 80% were Beneficiaries and the method of obtaining the sample for all patients was closed biopsy with a percutaneous needle. The distribution of the 2018 LI-RADS scale in all patients with liver biopsy was: LI-RADS 1 n = 8 (22.8%), LI-RADS 2 n = 5 (14.2%), LI-RADS 3 n = 12 (34.2%), LI-RADS 4 n = 3 (8.5%), LI-RADS 5 n = 7 (20%). It was found that the LI-RADS 5 category obtained a value of p = 0.001, with a specificity of 100%, a sensitivity of 70%, a PPV of 100% and a NPV of 89%, with an incidence of 20%. Conclusions:This study shows, through the results obtained, that there is a positive association between the LI-RADS 2018 classification of the ACR and the histopathological findings of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
TENOXICAM PERFORMANCES FOR ALUMINIUM CORROSION INHIBITION IN 2M H2SO4: EXPERIMENTAL AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL APPROACHES
Authors:   Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d Ivoire., Mariko Kalifa , Diabate Donourou ,   Universite Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, CÃƒÂ´te dIvoire., Marius Niamien Paulin ,   Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d Ivoire.
Published: August 2021

The inhibiting performances of Tenoxicam against aluminium corrosion in 2M H2SO4 have been tested. The results show thatinhibition efficiency increases withincrease in tenoxicam concentration,but decreases with increasing temperature. The experimental data show that the adsorption process follows the Villamil isotherm. The thermodynamic adsorption and activationfunctions were determined and analysed. The adsorption of the molecule onto the aluminium surface is an exothermic and spontaneous process. The Adejo-Ekwenchi isotherm indicatesa mixed adsorption type, but essentially physisorption at low temperature and chemisorption at high temperature. The global and local molecular descriptors confirmedthe existence of a mixed adsorption type.The QSPR studies based on two sets of energetic molecular parameters ( , ) and ( show a good reliability between inhibition efficiency and the mentioned descriptors.
THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS , EXPERIENCE OF THE MOHAMED 6 CENTER FOR THE TREATMENT OF GYNECOLOGICAL BREAST CANCER
Authors:   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., a Sarroukh , b Benbouchaib ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., c Benhessou ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., d Ennachit ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., e Karroumi ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer amongst women. It is a serious disease that impacts all aspects of the patients life and goes beyond that to touch the lives of all their loved ones. This work aims to evaluate the impact cancer has on the lives of our patients and their loves ones, namely: their social, economic and psychological well-being. Methodology: We have conducted a cross-functional study at the Mohamed VI Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, between May and July of 2017, leveraging 2 sets of questions, including the Arabic Dialect version of the quality of life questionnaire, in its 2 versions: Family and Patient. Results: The average age of the patients sample was 26-43. Amongst the studied aspects, fear was the most negatively impacted spiritual, physical, and social well- being were the least impacted. 50, 9 % of patients were accompanied, 69, 6 % of companions were females. Amongst the companions, psychological well-being was most negatively impacted. Conclusion: The patients and their companions had their quality of life severely negatively impacted, in all aspects. As such, caring for cancer patients must be done in all-inclusive manner, taking into account their life quality and their lives loves ones, who are their main source of support during their ordeal.
EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BREAST CANCER: EXPERIENCE OF THE MOHAMED 6 CENTER FOR THE TREATMENT OF GYNECOLOGICAL BREAST CANCER
Authors:   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., H. Sarroukh , R. Samhari ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., a Benbouchaib ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., b Benhassou ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., c Ennachit ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc., d Kerroumi ,   Mohamed 6 Centre For The Treatment Of Gynecological Mammary Cancers, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer amongst women. It is a serious disease that impacts all aspects of the patientÂ’s life and goes beyond that to touch the lives of all their loved ones. This work aims to evaluate the impact cancer has on the lives of our patients and their loves ones, namely: their social, economic and psychological well-being. Methodology: We have conducted a cross-functional study at the Mohamed VI Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, between May and July of 2017, leveraging 2 sets of questions, including the Arabic Dialect version of the Â“ quality of life Â“ questionnaire, in its 2 versions: Family and Patient. Results: The average age of the patientsÂ’ sample was 26-43. Amongst the studied aspects, Â“fearÂ” was the most negatively impacted spiritual, physical, and social well- being were the least impacted. 50, 9 % of patients were accompanied, 69, 6 % of companions were females. Amongst the companions, psychological well-being was most negatively impacted. Conclusion: The patients and their companions had their quality of life severely negatively impacted, in all aspects. As such, caring for cancer patients must be done in all-inclusive manner, taking into account their life quality and their lives loves Â‘ones, who are their main source of support during their ordeal.
THE EFFECT OF OPERATING COSTS ON OIL EXTRACTION UNDER UNPROVED RESERVES THE CASE OF MALAYSIAN PETRONAS FIRM -SUDAN
Authors:   Associate Professor in Accounting and Finance Bayan College of Science and Technology., Osman Mahmoud Dalil Abdelmotalab , Ibralim Mohammed Yousif Asim ,   Assistant Professor in Accounting Taibah College of Science and Technology.
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to identify the extent to which the operating costs of oil extraction affect all unproved reserves. To reach this aim, the research used the descriptiveanalytical approach. The researchalso used the questionnaire method, as a research instrument, where, (45) questionnaire forms were distributed to a random sample of the employees working at the Malaysian Petronas Firm-Sudan in 2021. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program SPSS,the research has reached, the fact that modern devices prices are very high, which, cause the firmto incur ahuge amount of money. The research findings have reached,the fact that heavy machineries and equipment need paved roads. The research findings have also shown that the indemnity of the employees and experts causes the firm to incur more burden.The research recommended that oil fields should be guarded by the army in fear of being attacked by the armed movements. The researchalso recommendedthe preparation of maps and geological survey. The research as well, recommended halting the search work for oil during the fall.
ROLE OF A PEDODONTIST IN CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE REHABILITATION - AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Basu Payel , Somani Rani ,   Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jawa Deepti ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jaidka Shipra ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Basu Tanushree ,   Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India., Sabin A.P Muhamed ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Madhu Aiswarya ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ahmad Layeeque ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2021

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies requiring multidisciplinary care. Such anomaly is associated with many problems such as impaired feeding, defective speech, hearing difficulties, malocclusion, dental abnormalities, gross facial deformity as well severe psychological problems. Cleft of the lip and palate is one of the complex conditions that occur at a functionally potential area in the orofacial region and also at such a crucial time that strategic interventions at the right age by the concerned specialists becomes the need of the hour. Pediatric dentist is an integral part of the cleft rehabilitative process right from the neonatal period upto the phase of permanent dentition. Being well versed with a childs growth and development, both physical and mental, a Pedodontist helps in restoring function and esthetics in a cleft child, in a most empathetic way. This article describes the enormous challenges faced by these innocent souls and the vital role played by a Pedodontist, to provide comprehensive cleft care, be it preventive, restorative, or interventional care, in order to achieve the best possible outcome and meaningfully improve their quality of life.
MARGINAL VOICES IN ALICE WALKERS STRONG HORSE TEA
Authors:   Associate Professor & Head, Department of English RNC Arts, JDB Commerce & NSC Science College, Nashik., S. Baviskar Ghansham
Published: August 2021

The dominant forces, the torchbearers of civilizations in America, have always silenced marginal voices.Thereligious books have always been the instrumental foundationsfor the whites to retaindominance across the world. Ruthlesswhites like the Aryansdefeated the nativesand enslaved them in their trap. They enforced slavery and imbibed the superstitious notions and outdated religious rituals that never allowed the oppressed to question its authorityon the base of reason and science. In the twentieth century, the emergence of revolutions and the movements for the human rights of the African Americans forced the imperialists to accept democratic values, implement, and administer them in the countries. Under the influence of the dominant oppressive forces, thewhiteskept the downtrodden and oppressed people ignorant about it. The pains and problems of the people did not end with the abolition of slavery and untouchability in both the countries but continuedhorribly in racist, classist, and sexist society. The vintages of slavery resulted from the race and caste are still on display in the slums.The humble dwellers in the slumsstruggle never ending problems caused by the elite dominated industrialism and capitalism in the metropolitan citieswhere there is hardly any room and scope for their growth and emancipation. Alice Walkers Strong Horse Tea voicesthe margins who were rejected and dejected for ages. This paper is an attempt to throw light on the margins within the margins and voice the miserable livesof the oppressed, those who struggle against the oppressionandare silenced meticulously by the hypocritical ruthless masters.
The Region of Caucasus and Central European-Carpathian Territory in the Final Eneolithic and the Bronze Age (a Contribution to the Transfer of Technologies and Knowledge)
Authors:   Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bátora Jozef
Published: August 2021

This article shows that the cultures in the Middle Danube/Carpathian territory were not just peripheral cultures of the developed Aegean-West Asian cultures, but also the western periphery of the Eurasian steppe region. From this aspect, the cultural-historical development in this area was influenced and associated with the cultural-historical development in the Caucasian and Northern Pontic regions as well. This is confirmed by several artifacts of the Caucasian character in the territory of Central Europe. First of all, we can mention single-edged copper axes, whose oldest exemplars in Europe come from the North Caucasus (the Maykop and Novosvobodnaya cultures). With the arrival of the Yamnaya culture, technology of their production emerged in the Northern Balkans and Central Europe along the Danube, through the Northern Pontic region. Their oldest exemplars in this territory are the Baniabic type axes. There are also weapons or tools; and jewellery which is represented by earrings of the so-called of Transylvania type associated mainly with the Únětice, Košťany and Otomani cultures in the Carpathian-middle Danube region. Their prototypes can be found in the North Pontic region — Yamnaya culture. The remaining cultural contacts between Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Bronze Age are confirmed by the dagger of the Srubnaya type from Sklabiňa in Central Slovakia. The existence of contacts between the Caucasian region and the territory of Central Europe as late as the final Bronze Age is proved by the finds of Cimmerian character. As a pars pro toto example, a dagger of the Kabardino-Pyatigorsk type from Malý Cetín in southwest Slovakia can be mentioned.
The Warrior on Claps from Tillya Tepe
Authors:   Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Skupniewicz Patryk , Maksymiuk Katarzyna ,   Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities
Published: August 2021

Among the objects excavated in 1978 at the site of Tillya Tepe (Northern Afghanistan) by the Soviet-Afghan archaeological expedition led by Victor I. Sarianidi, the twin golden clasps from Burial III attract special and instant attention of any military historian or a researcher of ancient arms and armour. The identity of the personage(-s) on the Tillya Tepe clasps has quite rarely been studied. Scholars are usually satisfied with a generic term a “warrior”. Kazim Abdullaev has identified the personage as Ares-Alexander. Jeannine Davis-Kimball has identified the personage as Enaree, the castrated priest of one of the epiphanies of Great Goddess. Patryk Skupniewicz supported the latter identification associating the personages from Tillya Tepe clasps with the North Indian, mainly Gandharan iconography of Skanda Kartikeya who, as a war-god, was an Indian equivalent of Ares. This article establishes the correspondence between the images on Tillya Tepe clasps with the representations of enthroned and armed goddesses which are quite common in the iconography related to the discussed clasps. The armed and enthroned goddess has been identified as the Iranian goddess Arshtat on Kushan coins. The warrior depicted on the golden clasps from Tillya Tepe should be interpreted as a portrayal of Arshtat, whose image was borrowed from the iconography of Athena. The goddess is shown seated on the throne with griffin-shaped legs known already in the Achaemenid times in the pose developed in the images in the late Hellenistic period, which is in line with the date of the entire site.
The Site of the Maykop Culture in the Mountains of the Northwestern Caucasus
Authors:   State Hermitage Museum, Ostashinskii Sergei M. , Cherlenok Evgenii A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

The Meshoko rock shelter was first explored in the 1960s. Along with some other settlements in the vicinity, its materials were interpreted as evidence of the synchronism of the early Maykop and late Eneolithic cultures. Modern excavations have shown that Maykop and Eneolithic finds are concentrated in different layers, with natural deposits between them. The stratigraphic sequence of the Meshoko rock shelter consisted of six main layers. Maykop artifacts were in the third layer from above. The most interesting object discovered there is the hearth, the base and walls of which were formed by limestones. No evidence of a dwelling was found, which probably indicates the temporary nature of the settlement. The few Eneolithic materials cannot be confidently synchronized with the Maykop culture. It is more likely that they were introduced into the third layer through pits which were dug down from the Maykop level. The bulk of the collection of the third layer is associated with the Maykop culture, most likely with the middle stage of its development (Inozemtsevo-Kostromskaia). This conclusion corresponds to the radiocarbon dates of the settlement, which were about 3600–3000 BC. The Meshoko rock shelter is located at the bottom of the mountain gorge. This is unusual for Maykop sites, which, as a rule, occupy the steppe and flat areas of the foothills. Also, there are no close analogies in the paleoethnobotany and archaeozoology assemblages. The study of these ecofacts indicate that the Maykop population probably lived in a forest zone and was well adapted to the conditions of the local environment.
The Seal of Novgorod Veche in Publications and Researches
Authors:   Institute of Russian History, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoruzhenko Oleg I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to so-called “seal of the Novgorod veche” or “the seal from the collection of Count M. V. Tolstoy”, which not only has been periodically published since the second half of the 19th century, but also has been undergoing transformations from publication to publication. It is often interpreted in the scholarchip as the 15th-century monument of sphragistics. It supposedly sealed decisions of the Novgorod veche — the supreme authority of the Novgorod Republic, i. e. having been in use until 1478. The iconography of the seal enables some authors to suggest the emergence of the attributes of Novgorod independence — the “veche stepen”, which is understood as a platform for orators to speak, and the rod of the Novgorod archbishop. This article attempts to trace the history of the development of this approach to the monument of sphragistics and to understand whether this source meets the requirements applied by researchers. The author demonstrates that all known images of the seal are rooted in the only source — the illustration in the 1855 corpus by of A. B. Lakier of 1855 reproducing the seal of Novgorod voevodas of the late 16th — early 18th centuries. The version that this seal belonged to the Novgorod veche was formed in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, but took its final shape in the presentation by A. V. Artsikhovsky. Unfortunately, the ingenious and outwardly convinving idea of Artsikhovsky is refuted by the whole complex of monuments of Novgorod sphragistics.
A Letter from an Unknown Person with a List of the Tushino Embassy to the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tyumentsev Igor O. , Tupikova Nataliya A. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2021

The events of the Russian Time of Troubles are insufficiently studied due to the destruction of Russian archives during the hard times and in the Moscow fire of 1626. The state archives in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were not accumulated. Upon finishing their careers, statesmen took documents to their private collections, which were then shared by the heirs. The search for these documents and their introduction into scholarship have now accelerated due to the digitization of archival materials and their online publishing. A document entitled “Spis przedstawicieli Rosji przysięgających wierność Zygmuntowi III” by Polish archivists has become available on the Platforma Cyfrowa Biblioteki Kórnickiej resource, which lists 26 senior ambassadors from 259 members of the embassy of the Tushino boyars to the Polish king. Until recently, historians have had assumptions about the composition of this embassy on the basis of indirect data from other sources. The document published below, despite the distortion of the names, contains direct references to the members of the Tushino Embassy. The comparison of the data in this document with the information about lands granted to the Tushino boyars and nobles by the king in February — July 1610, available in the Lithuanian Metrica, enables to establish with high accuracy the personalities of the leaders of “the men of Tushino” who swore allegiance to the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sigismund III Vasa. The embassy in question was an important stage in the formation of the project of installing a foreign prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, which led to the creation of a third center of power in the country.
The Interregnum and the Saint Petersburg Revolt of the Decembrists as Reflected in the Post-Soviet Historiography
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyin Pavel V. , Shkerin Vladimir A. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The review is devoted to scientific and historical-journalistic works of the late Soviet and post-Soviet periods which formulate the original versions of the events of the Interregnum of 1825 and the revolt of the Decembrists. The elimination of the ideological framework of Soviet studies of the Decembrists emancipated scholarly research and made it possible to put forward previously impossible concepts and hypotheses. On the other hand, the same circumstance contributed to the emergence of conspiracy theories and other quasi-scientific or not at all scientific versions that are not based on the necessary sources, but appeal to a wide range of readers. As a result, modern literature has developed a contradictory variety of conceptual models of different levels and quality claiming to explain the events of 1825. This review offers an experience of understanding the existing range of concepts, versions and hypotheses in post-soviet historiography. It focuses on the main discussion topics: about the circle of contenders to the throne (whether it was limited to Grand Dukes or included the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna); about the position and role of the Governor-General of the capital Miloradovich and the existence of a general opposition or a conspiracy of generals who supported the transfer of the throne to Grand Duke Constantine; about the role of the secret society of the Decembrists and the officer conspiracy initiated by him in the Guards Corps; about other influential political actors (the Russian–American Company, the “German party”, etc.) presumably opposing the accession of Grand Duke Nicholas.
The language of Dutch indoor cycling instructors
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Karpiński Jacek
Published: August 2021

Sports, physical fitness and good health are important to most people across the world. For this reason, fitness centres are constantly growing and offering their customers a wide range of different activities (e. g., strength training, personal training or group classes). One of the most popular forms of fitness for years has been indoor cycling — a group class on stationary bikes to the rhythm of stimulating music. A charismatic trainer is of course a part of it. This article focuses on the specific language of Dutch indoor cycling instructors used in contact with their clients. The research is based on the participant observation of Spinning® classes in Dutch fitness centres between June 2019 and March 2020 and is supported with my own experience as an indoor cycling instructor. Already at first sight, some characteristics are noticeable that make this language special, such as specific pronunciations and intonations, vocabulary, certain morphosyntactic features or the use of affirmation and visualization. Language seems to be an important tool to ensure the balance between body and mind. Moreover, language is seen as part of the whole philosophy of Spinning®, which confirms the words of Johnny G., the creator of this programme: “Spinning® has always shone a bright light in the health and fitness community. Not because riding a stationary bike is such a trick, but because of its language”.