bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution: insights from a comprehensive bibliometric study on Industry 4.0
Authors: Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna , Knop Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to outline the current state of research and development in Industry 4.0 by highlighting key topics, cooperative networks, and emerging trends that characterize this ground-breaking stage of manufacturing and technology. The article answers the question what are the key keywords, countries, collaboration networks and most frequently occurring terms in Industry 4.0 research, and what conclusions can be drawn from the bibliometric analysis regarding their frequency, strength of connections and mutual relationships. With a focus on the incorporation of digital technology into manufacturing processes, the article aims to provide a detailed overview of the international initiatives driving the fourth industrial revolution. This study uses bibliometric analysis to look at 4,981 scientific papers from 2020 to 2024 that are available in the Scopus database. The text of these articles is carefully examined, with an emphasis on titles, abstracts, and keywords, in order to map out the network of co-authorships and the frequency of certain terminologies. The VOSviewer program was used to provide a network visualization, offering a pictorial depiction of the connections of coauthoring nations and the phrases that are shared across the corpus of work. The results show a strong and complex web of global partnerships, suggesting a broad dedication to pushing the boundaries of Industry 4.0. Five significant co-authorship clusters were found, demonstrating the prominent significance that certain nations have played in various Industry 4.0 research domains. Key phrases like “digital transformation,” “smart manufacturing,” “machine learning,” and “internet of things” were used a lot, highlighting the importance of digitization and smart manufacturing technology. This publication offers a comprehensive statistical and visual study of the worldwide research dynamics in Industry 4.0, making it a unique contribution to the body of knowledge. Understanding the complex nature of the fourth industrial revolution is made easier with its mapping of cooperative networks and thematic goals as well as its emphasis on the discourse’s essential place for sustainability.
Comparison of tribological and corrosion characteristics of AISI 316Ti and AISI 430 stainless steels
Authors: Čuchor Dávid , Bronček Jozef , Obertová Veronika , Drbúl Mário , Radek Norbert
Published: November 2024

This study presents an investigation into the tribological, corrosion, and tribocorrosion properties of AISI 316Ti (austenitic) and AISI 430 (ferritic) stainless steels. The comparative analysis focuses on microstructural characterization, hardness, and a series of tribological, electrochemical, and tribocorrosion tests conducted in 0.9% NaCl using a specialized linear tribometer to reveal the quality of the studied materials in tribocorrosion applications. Friction tests were performed under both dry and corrosive conditions, while tribocorrosion tests were conducted under open circuit potential (OCP) conditions in 0.9% NaCl, with the electrode potential of the test specimen monitored during friction. To evaluate the electrochemical behavior of the materials, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted using a 0.9% NaCl solution. The measured corrosion potential (Ecorr) suggests that AISI 430 is thermodynamically more stable than AISI 316Ti; however, AISI 316Ti demonstrated higher polarization resistance (RP) values compared to AISI 430. The findings indicate that material qualities significantly influence the coefficient of friction (CoF). Additionally, a notable antifriction effect of 0.9% NaCl was observed during tribological testing, resulting in a lower CoF compared to dry friction conditions. A cathodic shift in OCP during tribocorrosion testing was also observed in both materials, indicating an increase in corrosion vulnerability when the passive layer is degraded.
Fakhri Khalik im Gespräch mit Beatrice Kustor
Authors: Khalik Fakhri , Kustor Beatrice
Published: November 2024

In diesem Interview spricht der Arzt, Psychoanalytiker und Gruppenanalytiker, Fakhri Khalik, über sein Lebensthema Trauma, über die Gründung und Arbeit des Vereins »Children of Baghdad« sowie seine gruppenanalytische und psychoanalytische Arbeit mit Geflüchteten in Frankfurt am Main. »Children of Baghdad e. V.« ist ein Verein, der im Jahr 2003 als Reaktion auf die kriegsbedingte Situation der Kinder im Irak von Fakhri Khalik und Peter Riedesser, dem damaligen Leiter der Kinderund Jugendpsychiatrie der Universität Hamburg Eppendorf, gegründet wurde. Khalik spricht über und reflektiert zudem seine Arbeit mit Flüchtlingen und Migranten in Deutschland und weist auf den negativen Einfluss bürokratischer Hindernisse und die psychologische Notwendigkeit hin, die Muttersprache der Migranten in der Schule zu unterrichten.
Reflexionsräume schaffen – Chaträume vermeiden
Authors: Keval Susanna
Published: November 2024

In diesem Beitrag geht es um Bildungsprojekte zur interkulturellen Kompetenz bei mehreren kommunalen Institutionen, die in Verbindung mit gruppenanalytischem Arbeiten und einer niedrigschwelligen Selbsterfahrung neue Möglichkeiten der Wissensvermittlung ermöglichen und auch eine institutionelle Wirkung entfalten können. Die Autorin beschreibt hier, wie Dank der gruppenanalytischen Vorgehensweise Reflexionsräume in kommunalen Institutionen entstehen und sich partiell zu einem »ganzheitlichen Projekt« der Organisationsentwicklung entfalten können. Diese Entwicklung beschreibt sie anhand von mehreren Fallbeispielen.
Legal regulation of social protection of the population of the USSR during the years of perestroika (1985-1991)
Authors: Guk Denis Andreevich
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study is to examine the social transformations carried out in the USSR from 1985 to 1991 by analyzing the adopted normative legal acts aimed at the social sphere in the context of increasing crisis phenomena in the state and society during the period of perestroika. During the study, it was determined that the social protection system is an integral part of the socio-economic policy of the state. This study analyzes social policy, including resolutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the government, laws, decrees and their impact on the social sphere in the context of perestroika. The author reveals the concept of social protection, examines the main problems associated with the implementation of reforms, identifies what measures were taken by the country’s leadership to solve them using new methods and approaches during the period of perestroika. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that through an analytical review of normative legal acts and scientific works related to social transformations during the period of perestroika, priority areas in the field of social policy of the USSR were identified and their impact on the living conditions of the population from 1985 to 1991 was assessed. As a result of the study, it is concluded that these transformations affected the lives of citizens of the USSR, and the results of the reforms carried out at the time of 1991 are given.
Reduplication in linguistics: A systematic review of the main directions
Authors: Chimitdorzhieva Gunsema Nimbuyevna
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this review is to present the existing knowledge on the reduplication of the language mechanism based on a number of published modern studies to identify the main theoretical solutions to the issue under study, as well as to summarize the data to determine further research prospects. The material was a series of linguistic works by domestic and foreign scientists who influenced the formation of the studied issues in the 20th and 21st centuries. The article presents research demonstrating the main trends and directions in the study of reduplication (doubling, repetition) as a specific linguistic phenomenon. Scientific works reflect the diversity and complexity of the research object, which contributed to the emergence of different views and approaches to explain the nature of reduplication. The content of the article illustrates attempts to determine the place of reduplication in the language system through the traditional description of structural, grammatical and functional-semantic features of reduplicated forms, description of the formal nature of reduplication through morphophonological models, reduplication templates and copies, identification of their pragmatic potential through typological comparison of common characteristics of reduplication in different languages. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the generalization and presentation of research results on topical issues in the field of the study of reduplicated forms. The results of the review and analysis of scientific papers devoted to reduplication as a specific linguistic mechanism show the state of knowledge of the problem at the present stage, different approaches to determining the place of reduplication in the language system, theoretical ideas for studying various aspects of the linguistic phenomenon under consideration, prospects for further research on the nature of reduplications.
Language teachers’ perceptions and acceptance of educational robotics for classroom integration
Authors: Yu Xiaotong , Gutiérrez-García María Ángeles , Soto-Varela Roberto , Gómez-García Melchor
Published: November 2024

Robotics education and robot-embedded learning have become focal points in recent interdisciplinary and innovative education. Despite the identified opportunities, there are still limitations and considerations before integrating educational robotics into foreign language education on a large scale. This survey investigates foreign language teachers’ perceptions and acceptance of teaching with educational robotics and robot-assisted language learning. To achieve this, the ERPA scale, containing five subscales measuring teachers’ technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge, and the perceived usefulness of robots, was adapted as the data collection instrument. The scale consisted of 19 items based on a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 109 foreign language teachers from Spain participated in the survey. The results suggest a positive relationship between teachers’ basic digital competence, technological knowledge of robot usage, pedagogical knowledge in foreign language teaching, and perceived usefulness of robots. Additionally, the length of service and target language positively affect acceptance. This research contributes to current educational robotics studies by identifying features of robots considered suitable for language teaching, such as animal-like embodiments instead of humanoid forms.
Preliminary validation of the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scales in a mixed-age UK sample
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Li Xuefei , Booth Tom
Published: November 2024

Background: Ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination based on a person’s age is prevalent and negatively impacts individuals and society. In 2016 WHO received a mandate from its Member States to lead the global campaign to combat ageism. However, success in combating ageism is critically dependent on the availability of valid and reliable measures of people’s experiences of ageism that can capture its multidimensional nature and as directed against multiple age groups across diverse country settings. The goal of current study is to present a preliminary psychometric validation of a measure specifically designed to meet this need: the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scale. The scale includes items measuring self-directed, interpersonal, and institutional ageism and spans stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Method: We collected data from a UK mixed-age adult sample (N = 402), and several psychometric properties were tested, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Results: Results suggested that the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scale has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model for self-directed ageism items. This scale also proved to have adequate convergent validity. Discussion: The results provide sufficient supports for the adoption of the scale in this population and underscore the need for its translation and validation in other settings, as well as the evaluation of a more extended set of psychometric properties in future studies.
Extreme Political Candidates Mobilize Supporters (and Opponents) More than Moderates Particularly in a Polarized Society
Authors: Potoczek Anna , Jasko Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

While political candidates differ in how extreme vs. moderate their ideas are, it remains unclear how the extremism of a politician’s agenda impacts voters. To fill this gap, the present research investigated the mobilizing effects of extreme vs. moderate politicians on both supporters and opponents. The results of five preregistered experiments (N = 3,532) showed that, in comparison to moderates, extreme political candidates were more successful in motivating their supporters to get engaged on their behalf. However, they were also more likely to energize their opponents to act against them. We further show that the effect the candidates’ ideological extremism had on their support was positively mediated via higher perceived commitment to their goals, but negatively via lower expectancy of their success. Crucially, we show that social norms moderate the appeal of extreme politicians. Specifically, the advantage of extremists over moderates emerged when the opinions within society were polarized or skewed towards the extremes, but the advantage disappeared under a normal distribution of opinions. Taken together, these studies provide insights into why and when political candidates with extreme views win greater support than moderates.
When self-compassion lacks ferocity: Anger and responding to false accusations
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J. I. , Geddes Amy , Strachan Shaelyn M. , Bailis Daniel Seth
Published: November 2024

Objective: Self-compassion can help people when they make mistakes, but does it affect how people respond when falsely accused of making a mistake? In this research we tested the hypothesis that self-compassion is associated with lower levels of anger after a false accusation which, in turn, lowers the likelihood that people will attempt to challenge the accusation.Method: In Studies 1a (N = 422) and 1b (N = 492), participants imagined that they were playing in an important tennis match and were falsely accused by an official of making an error. In Study 2 (N = 346), participants completed an online survey that, at one point, displayed a message accusing them of plagiarising one of their responses. Results: In all studies, self-compassion assessed prior to the accusation was negatively associated with levels of anger following the accusation. Anger, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to challenge the accusation (Studies 1a and 1b) and with the likelihood that participants brought the false accusation to our attention when given an opportunity to do so (Study 2). Conclusion: This research shows that highly self-compassionate people are not always ferocious and may be susceptible to being taken advantage of when facing false accusations.
Validation of the French Version of the 18-Item Short Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (F-DERS-SF) and of a Super Short Six-Item Form (DERS-F SSF)
Authors: Dan-Glauser Elise
Published: November 2024

Difficulties in emotion regulation, i.e., when people struggle to feel and manage emotions, as well as to pursue their goals despite emotion occurrence, is a predominant symptom in many diagnoses. When studied in lay populations, this variable can be measured with rather complete questionnaires, extensively examining their different components. This is the case of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which includes 36 items, resulting in a total score and six different sub-scores, i.e., lack of awareness, lack of clarity, difficulties in goal-directed behavior, non-acceptance of emotions, lack of available regulation strategies, and impulsivity. In most cases, however, long versions are tiresome and their length and complexity compromise valid recordings. This is the reason why shorter versions of the DERS are available, such as the DERS-SF, which comprises 18 items. When dealing with specific populations, and in particular clinical ones (such as patients with addictions or with attention deficits), 18 items remain burdensome. The creation of a Super Short Form is thus necessary in the field. The present work has two aims. First, we aimed at validating the French translation of the 18-item DERS-SF, as it is a widely used instrument, but which lacks clear French validation. Second, based on an extensive database gathered in our lab, we propose a DERS Super Short Form composed of just 6 items, each reflecting a dimension of the difficulties in emotion regulation. Data of 3944 participants (76% female), who completed either the 36-item or the 18-item form of the French DERS were analyzed. Results support the validity and reliability of the French version of the DERS-SF (Cronbach α > .84 for the total score and congruence index, Tucker’s ϕ >.99). The Super-Short Form demonstrated satisfactory reliability. External validity was confirmed, above and beyond what could be seen with longer scales, enriching the understanding of the various sub-dimensions of the difficulties in emotion regulation, and particularly with respect to the awareness subscale.
Awareness of implicit attitudes reexamined: Large-scale tests in two experimental paradigms
Authors: Kurdi Benedek , Melnikoff David , Morris Adam
Published: November 2024

Influential classic and contemporary accounts have posited that implicit attitudes reside beyond conscious awareness. This idea has been challenged by robust evidence demonstrating that participants can predict their own implicit attitudes highly accurately. However, past tests have all been conducted using well-known targets (e.g., racial groups), about which participants possess ample relevant knowledge. As such, predictions of implicit attitudes may have relied on inferential mechanisms drawing on sources of knowledge other than privileged introspective access, most prominently explicit attitudes. In this project we conducted eight experiments (five preregistered; total N = 6,794) in which implicit attitudes and their explicit counterparts were manipulated to shift in opposite directions, thus eliminating the latter as an obvious source of inference. Across experiments, mean-level implicit attitude predictions (β = 0.31) were directionally consistent with explicit (β = 0.49) rather than implicit attitudes (β = 0.20). Moreover, although predictions and implicit attitudes were associated with each other at the level of individual participants (β = 0.20), the relationship was considerably stronger among participants for whom explicit and implicit attitudes were aligned with each other (β = 0.38) than among participants for whom the two were dissociated (β = 0.11). These results generalized across two learning paradigms (impression formation and attribute conditioning), two implicit attitude measures (IAT and EPT), and two types of experimental design (between-participant and within-participant). Echoing classic and contemporary accounts, the present data suggest that implicit attitudes are largely unconscious, and successful implicit attitude predictions are subserved primarily by inference rather than introspection.
Efficient Bayesian Hierarchical Factor Analysis for Model-Based Psychological Research
Authors: Stevenson Niek , Heathcote Andrew , Forstmann Birte , Matzke Dora
Published: November 2024

Studying individual differences in psychology often involves examiningcorrelations across various measures. However, research involving high-dimensional data—such as in task batteries or neuroscience—often targetslatent constructs rather than individual correlations. Furthermore, the num-ber of correlations grows quadratically with increasing dimensionality, po-tentially leading to overfitting and spurious inference. Therefore, researcherscommonly use factor analysis to study individual differences. However, con-ventional approaches ignore the hierarchical structure of the data and over-look measurement error, leading to attenuated factor loadings. In this pa-per, we introduce a Bayesian framework that integrates hierarchical mod-eling to account for measurement error with factor analysis to infer latentstructures. We employ a post-hoc processing algorithm that removes theneed for conventional constraints on factor loadings, thereby avoiding po-tential bias in their estimation. Additionally, we utilize a shrinkage priorto automatically identify and exclude unsupported factors. The accompa-nying software enables the creation of generative models at the individuallevel, supporting a wide range of hypotheses—from descriptive to theory-driven models—and facilitating robust group-level inferences grounded inpsychological theory. Through simulations and empirical applications, wedemonstrate that our hierarchical factor analysis method flexibly and reli-ably estimates latent structures in high-dimensional data, offering a valuabletool for individual-differences research in psychology and neuroscience.
A sociocultural approach to effective listening skill development for Malaysian EFL students: A Literature Review
Authors: Islami Annisa Permata , Mohd Saad Mohd Rashid Bin
Published: November 2024

This literature review explores the development of effective listening skills among Malaysian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students through a sociocultural lens. Recognizing the significance of sociocultural factors in language learning, this study examines various theories, strategies, and interventions pertinent to enhancing listening proficiency in this context. By synthesizing existing research, the review elucidates key socio-cultural influences on listening skill acquisition and offers insights into tailored pedagogical approaches to optimize listening skill development among Malaysian EFL learners. Thus, internationalization has become a desirable trend among learners to further their future study or professional world where English is the medium of instruction. As a result, Malaysian students look for strategies to help them overcome their academic comprehension challenges. This paper explores and better explains EFL Malaysian students’ academic listening challenges and strategies to motivate stakeholders to support in furthering their studies overseas or in the working world. Thus, this paper reviews related literature on academic listening strategies through the traditional literature review.
यस धरतीको पानीमा कवितामा विपरिचितीकरण
Authors: नेत्र एटम
Published: November 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा विजय मल्लको ‘यस धरतीको पानीमा’ कवितालाई काव्यिक पाठका रूपमा लिएर यसमा अभिव्यञ्जित विपरिचितीकरणको खोजी गरिएको छ । यस कवितामा बिसौँ शताब्दीको मध्यमा शक्तिराष्ट्रहरूबिचको हतियार र अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रममा होडबाजीका कारण सिर्जित राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तरराष्ट्रिय स्तरमा मान्छेले अनुभूत गरेको अभिशाप, निराशा, व्याकुलता र त्रासको उद्घाटन गर्न नदीमा पानीको सट्टा रगत बगेको देखाई पाठकलाई पृथक् प्रभाव दिन कलात्मक प्रविधिका रूपमा विपपरिचितीकरणको भूमिका छ भन्ने देखाउनु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । यसको सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचाको रचना गर्दा कविताको विधागत विशिष्टता, शिल्प र प्रविधिलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । विपरिचितीकरणको अध्ययनका निम्ति मूल रूपमा स्लोभ्स्की (सन् १९१७) र कुलर (सन् २०१५) का मान्यताबाट विश्लेषणका आधार लिई गुणात्मक शोधपद्धतिमा चयन गरिएका प्रविधि प्रयुक्त पाठको सघन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसको विश्लेषणमा ग्रहणबोध, भाषा र विधाका गरी तीन तहमा प्रस्तुत विपरिचितीकरणका युक्तिहरू अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यसबाट विपरिचितीकरणका प्रविधिले कवितालाई परम्पराभन्दा पृथक्, ताजा र अद्भुत स्वरूप दिने हुँदा त्यसै आधारमा कवितात्मकताको जीवन्तता गाँसिएको हुन्छ भन्ने तथ्य स्पष्ट पारिएको छ । ‘छोरीलाई मानचित्र पढाउँदा’ कवितामा प्रयुक्त विपरिचितीकरणले ग्रहणबोधका तहमा वक्ताको अनुभूतिगत नवीनता, भाषाका तहमा अलङ्कार र मानवीकरणबाट पृथक् दृश्यात्मकता पाएको तर प्रगीतात्मक कविताको विधागत विशिष्टता भने परम्परागत रूपमै पालना गरेकाले विजय मल्ल चिन्तन र काव्यिक युक्तमा अग्रभूमीकरण सिर्जना गर्न सक्षम भए पनि विधात्मक रचनाकारिताप्रति परम्परामै प्रतिबद्ध कवि हुन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष यसमा निकालिएको छ ।
नेपाली कवितामा संवेदनशीलताको सङ्गठन र विच्छेदन
Authors: अशोक थापा
Published: November 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेखमा अङग्रेजी कवि टीयस इलियटको संवेदनशीलताको सङ्गठन र विच्छेदन (युनिफिकेसन एन्ड डिसोसिएसन अफ सेन्सिबिलिटी) लाई नेपाली कविताको सापेक्षतामा विवेचना गरिएको छ । इलियटको प्रस्तुत चिन्तनअनुसार यहाँ कवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाको ज्वरशमना प्रकृति, भूपि शेरचनको हामी र मेरो देश अनि नेत्र एटमको प्रिय बादल शीर्षकका कवितालाई विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पाश्चात्य साहित्यचिन्तनका सापेक्षतामा नेपाली कविताको विवेचना गर्ने सन्दर्भमा यहाँ आगमन, निगमन र तुलनात्मक शोधविधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । विश्लेषणका तहमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिलाई प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सामग्रीसङ्कलनका लागि इलियटको निबन्धलाई अध्ययन र समीक्षा गरिएको छ भने चयनित नेपाली कवितालाई पुस्तकालयकार्य गरी विमर्श गरिएको छ । कवितामा विचार र संवेदनशीलताको सङ्गठन जति चुस्त रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छ त्यसले कविताको प्रभावकारिता निर्धारण गर्छ भन्ने मान्यतालाई परीक्षण गरी नेपाली कविहरूमा संवेदनाको सङ्गठन र विघटन समानान्तर रूपमा भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । एलियटको मान्यताअनुसार परिष्कारवादी कविहरू विचारसहित संवेदनशीलतालाई सङ्गठित गर्न सक्षम देखिन्छन् भने स्वच्छन्दतावादी कविहरू अव्यवस्थित देखिन्छन् भन्ने निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा अधिभौतिकता, समीकरण, पृथकीकरण, संवेदनशीलता, वैचारिकताजस्ता सूचकहरूको आधारमा कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
Youth Disillusionment with Nationalism in Saput's “Meropani hoinara? yo desh” (“Isn’t this country mine too?”): A Critique of Nepali National Identity
Authors: Bhusal Tilak , Bhattarai Krishna Prasad
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this article is to explore youth disillusionment and the quest for national identity in Prakash Saput's song “Meropani hoinara? yo desh” (“Isn’t this country mine too?”). The lyric of the song reveals the frustrations of young Nepalis who feel marginalized by the political system agonized with corruption and inequality. In particular, the youths articulate a profound sense of betrayal and alienation by questioning the ownership and belonging within their homeland. The article examines how Saput's song serves not only as a reflection of the current socio-political landscape but also as a powerful critique of the systemic failures that hinder the younger generation's aspirations. To examine this issue, the article has employed nationalism as a theoretical insight, especially the ideas of Benedict Anderson, Ernest Gellner and Anthony D Smith to be used for textual analysis. This article posits that "Meropani hoinara? yo desh" resonates as a call for recognition and change, urging everyone to acknowledge the contributions and potential of Nepali youths in shaping a more inclusive national identity
Pesticide Use by Vegetable Growers in Rupandehi District, Western Nepal: Environmental and Health Risk Effects
Authors: Thapa Chandra Bahadur , Gubhaju Munesh Ratna , Marasini Sanjaya
Published: November 2024

Rupandehi district, located in the southern part of western Nepal, is well-known for producing different kinds of vegetables and has many commercial vegetable-growing pocket areas. This study aims to identify the types of pesticides used and their effect on human health and environment. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 150 vegetable growers, 40 pesticide retailers, and focus group discussions with key informants. This study found that the vegetable growers used insecticides with 25 technical names; fungicides with 10 technical names; and herbicides with 4 technical names. The maximum vegetable growers (40%) experienced respiratory tract irritation, followed by skin disorders (20%), asthma (13%), gastrointestinal disorders (12%), eye irritation (10%), and neurological effects (9%) in the study area. Similarly, air, water, and land pollution were found in the study area mainly due to the improper pesticide use and disposal of pesticide containers. Most of the vegetable growers (47%) illegally disposed of pesticide containers, followed by burning in the field (28%), storing foodstuffs (10%), putting oil (7%), selling to recyclers (5%), and burying in the field (3%). This study may provide baseline information for pesticide management and utilization in this area, and there is an urgent need for a thorough investigation into the harmful effects of pesticides on farmer health and pesticide residues in vegetables.
Fostering Tourism Potentials in Devdaha, Lumbini: Some Critical Remarks
Authors: Devkota Chiranjivi
Published: November 2024

This study uses a quantitative analysis based on a rapid questionnaire survey with 130 respondents from two wards that were purposefully chosen to investigate the dynamics of tourism in Devdaha Municipality, Nepal. The survey looked at a number of topics, such as the kinds of tourists that come to Devdaha, major stakeholders involving on it, how much people know about it as a pilgrimage site, how tourism affects local jobs and revenue. The results show that domestic travelers make up the majority of visitors, and a sizable percentage of respondents acknowledged the locations of Buddhist pilgrimages. Although governmental and non-governmental stakeholders are present, opinions about the professionalism and service qualities are critically observed. The paper also notes the expected advantages of tourism in fostering cross-cultural interchange and bolstering the local economy, while highlighting the major obstacles, such as infrastructure, promotional activities and economic concerns.
Assessing Postural Risks in the Building Construction Sector: A Case Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Sumon , Uddin Md. Kutub , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Among the different parts of the construction sectors, the building sector needs more workers for materials handling because of the absence of proper infrastructural facilities. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) can occur due to awkward body postures and repetitive and long-term contact of body parts with this activity. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the body posture risk levels among building construction workers in Bangladesh.
Methods:  This study was conducted using an ergonomic technique called Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to analyze the body postures of the building construction workers and assess the risk level of WRMSDs. This research examined primary construction tasks such as concrete laying, lifting and carrying materials, bricklaying, plastering, and sand mixing.
Results: The results revealed that the selected tasks' average REBA score was 9.50. It indicates that the postural risk level is high and that certain workers worked in poor postures, putting them at risk of developing WRMSDs. Traditional working methods, as well as non-ergonomic tools and equipment, are to blame for these issues.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the postural risk level for building construction workers is alarming. This problem may mitigate by the redesign or change of working methods and equipment in an ergonomic way. Working in proper postures may also minimize the risk of WRMSDs.
Migrant workers in Thailand: Qualitative exploration of reporting workplace accidents and filing workers' compensation claims
Authors: Yotwilai Nawiya
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Reporting accidents in the workplace is a method to prevent accidents and injuries. Reporting could influence to safety improvement regarding the diminution of workplace injuries. They were completed reporting along with accuracy influence filing workers' compensation claims. Employers and migrant workers often ignore reporting workplace accidents. This exploration aims to demonstrate migrant workers' proceedings with crucial barriers to reporting workplace accidents and filing workers' compensation claims.
Methods: The study conducted in-depth interviews involving the purposeful snowball sampling of 48 migrant construction workers who were employed legally and filed claims from 2019 to 2022 in Thailand. The interview process comprised semi-structured questions and probes with the flexibility to explore experiences for individual participants. The recorded information was transcribed into English. Transcripts were translated and coded in NVivo software.
 Results: Migrant workers often misunderstood and disbelieved the workers' compensation system before accidents occurred. Geographical distribution caused unequal opportunities for healthcare access. Mobility prohibition tended toward negative effects with the high rate of underreporting workplace injuries. Incomplete reporting contributed to the denial of filing claims with additional risks of liabilities. The trouble of filing claims related to difficult communication due to insufficient language skills. Migrant workers decided to have a reliance on traditional medicine.
Conclusion: True reporting of workplace accidents can encourage employers to prevent future accidents. Migrant workers need to implement the regulations. The public agencies should provide an equal and effective system of workers' compensation.
Workplace aggression in the healthcare sector: a scoping review to facilitate the development and evaluation of effective de-escalation training programs
Authors: Corsi Martina , Perretta Salvio , Marino Riccardo , Doda Aleksandra , Buselli Rodolfo , Foddis Rudy
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Workplace aggression is a challenge for preventive and occupational medicine and aggression management training is fundamental to any workplace violence prevention strategy.  Despite the increasing interest that has been recently devoted to the importance of prevention of aggressive behaviors, international literature on the topic is huge but heterogeneous.
Methods: The authors tried to to analyze literature regarding this issue with the future goal of finalizing a de-escalation training course for healthcare workers, alongside a procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of the course that takes into account evidence synthesis.
Results: Although in recent years several studies have proposed different theoretical models of escalation of aggression and de-escalation techniques, what emerged is that no model can possibly account for all the factors and mechanisms involved in human aggression which present high levels of unpredictability.
Conclusion: Authors argue that common programs, regarding the understanding of aggression and of de-escalation strategies, are effective in some way as has already been evidenced anecdotally through literature references, and that de-escalation courses should be useful and should repeated over time with the main aim of empathic communication through practice. Further, literature evidence suggests that simulation scenarios should be preferred to test the effectiveness of a course rather than a paper test or self-assessment quality of the course, but the limit of the artificiality of the scenarios should be overcome.
Prediction of the Behavior Towards Personal Protective Equipment Use in the Ghanaian Construction Sector: Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Boakye Maxwell Kwame , Ayeke Elom , Asantewaa-Tannor Patricia , Lawer Augustine Korli , Nsakie Ruby , Adu-Gyamfi Christopher , Abdul-Rahaman Abdul-Aziz
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The construction industry experiences a high rate of fatalities and injuries due to unsafe behavior at the workplace. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) effectively prevents occupational accidents, but compliance with its use is not always guaranteed due to unsafe behavior. However, the drivers of PPE use behavior among Ghanaian construction workers are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the determinants of PPE use behavior among building construction students using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the additional construct of perceived threat.
Methods: Data was collected from 250 building construction students from Ho Technical University using a structured questionnaire. A stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to assess factors influencing PPE use behavior.
Results: The study revealed that the six constructs explained 94% of variance in self-reported PPE use behavior. The intention construct was found to be the strongest predictor of PPE use behavior. Aside from intention, perceived severity was a better predictor of PPE use behavior among all the other constructs.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that the higher the perceived severity, the more likely the students will use PPE to mitigate the risks of exposure to hazards. The findings underlined the importance of emphasizing the severity of occupational injuries from construction activities to improve PPE use behavior.
Coping strategies to workplace violence among nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Do Sinh Minh , Anh Thi Lan Mai  , Mai Thi Thuy Vu
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Nursing students, due to limited clinical practice and challenges in building relationships, are highly vulnerable to workplace violence. Understanding their responses to such incidents is critical, given its significant implications. This study aimed to investigate nursing students' coping strategies for workplace violence in Vietnam
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 776 nursing students conveniently sampled from 10 Vietnamese universities through the KoBotool Box platform. The research instrument has been developed in accordance with findings from several antecedent studies. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe coping strategies, and χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to test differences in reporting workplace violence experiences between student groups.
Results: Students used a variety of strategies to respond to workplace violence. Trying to stay calm to explain to the perpetrator was the most common strategy (71.8% for physical violence; 40.5% and 36.9% for non-physical violence). The rate of reporting experiences of workplace violence with physical violence and non-physical violence by patients/patients' relatives and non-physical violence directed by medical staff/instructors was 35.9%, 9.5%, and 7.9%, respectively. The most common reason nursing students do not report an incident was because they believe it is part of their clinical placement.
Conclusion: Students' response strategies to workplace violence are emotionally oriented and inadequate in their experiences of workplace violence. Appropriate training on how to respond to and report exposure to workplace violence should be provided and or enhanced for nursing students.
A Chronology of AI Failures in Safety and Cybersecurity
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Thapaliya Suman
Published: November 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, leading to significant technological advancements and raising important questions about its implications for society. This study examines the progress and potential risks associated with AI development, drawing on historical milestones and expert predictions to outline both achievements and failures. Ray Kurzweil's forecasts highlight a future where AI could surpass human intelligence, potentially leading to new and challenging scenarios.
Aim: This research aims to explore the safety and security challenges posed by AI, particularly the risks associated with malicious AI and AI failures, and to propose strategies for developing safe and reliable AI systems.
Methodology: The study reviews key milestones in AI development, analyzes documented AI failures, and compares AI safety approaches to cybersecurity principles. It also examines Roman Yampolskiy's contributions to AI safety engineering and the broader implications of AI's integration into various sectors.
Results: Historical analysis reveals numerous AI failures, from misidentifying objects to causing financial market disruptions, and highlights the challenges in ensuring AI safety. The study identifies intentional and unintentional failures and emphasizes the potential dangers of malevolent AI. A comparison with human safety efforts underscores the complexity of creating inherently safe AI systems.
Findings: Ensuring AI safety requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating techniques from cybersecurity, software engineering, and ethics. The study stresses the importance of proactive measures and adversarial testing to mitigate risks. It concludes that while current AI systems pose significant challenges, the development of comprehensive safety mechanisms is crucial to prevent catastrophic outcomes in future AI advancements.
Development of Renewable Energy and Its Current Situation in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Bibek Kanta , Parajuli Chandra
Published: November 2024

This article provides an overview of the current state of electrification in Nepal, highlighting the significant progress made and the challenges that remain. It also outlines future projections and targets for the energy sector, emphasizing the role of renewable energy and energy efficiency in achieving sustainable development goals. In Nepal, the field of renewable energy is expanding quickly. While solar and wind energy are viewed as crucial supplements to help Nepal overcome its energy crisis, the country currently mostly relies on burning biomass for its energy requirements. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used type of renewable energy in Nepal. Nepal has a great opportunity to promote renewable energy sources. In addition to offering subsidies, the GoN has prioritized promoting RETs for last-mile electrification. Due to their lack of ready funds to invest, rural poor people are unable to benefit from technology and government subsidies. These technologies can be considered practical, dependable, and sustainable for modern development due to their established technologies, quality control systems, economics of the many renewable energy technologies (RETs), and rural social elements. The sustainability of any development in Nepal's last-mile regions depends on the diversification of the systems and the services they provide. The secondary data has been used and descriptive methodology adopted. Compared to traditional energy technologies, renewable energy technologies are clean energy sources with significantly reduced environmental impact. Instead of expensive energy imports, the majority of investments in renewable energy go toward building and maintaining the facilities.
Assessing Environmental Concerns and Their Effects on Customer Satisfaction with Petrol Scooters
Authors: Hamal Bikit
Published: November 2024

Background: This study investigates customer satisfaction regarding petrol scooters, reflecting a shift in market dynamics from a buyer's market to a seller's market, characterized by increased competition and consumer choice. Understanding consumer satisfaction is vital for manufacturers to enhance loyalty and retain customers in this evolving landscape.
Objective: The primary objective of this research is to evaluate consumer perceptions of petrol scooters in terms of performance, pricing, service availability, and environmental impact. Specifically, it aims to identify the factors that contribute to customer satisfaction and the expectations users have regarding their scooters.
Methods: A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The survey was distributed among 116 respondents, focusing on their experiences and satisfaction levels with petrol scooters.
Findings: The results reveal that a significant portion of the scooter-riding population is young females aged 18-25, with 44.8% using their scooters daily. While many users express satisfaction with their scooters, they also identify areas for improvement, such as speed, fuel efficiency, noise, and lighting.
Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing these features can bolster customer satisfaction, particularly among young women, thereby promoting brand loyalty and encouraging repeat purchases. Manufacturers should focus on these improvements to align with consumer expectations and preferences.
Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the unique preferences of young female riders in the petrol scooter market, offering actionable insights for manufacturers to tailor their marketing strategies effectively.
Employee Perceptions of Job Demands, Autonomy, and Organizational Support: A Study on Workplace Stress and Satisfaction
Authors: Maharjan Shreejana
Published: November 2024

Background: Employee well-being has become a key determinant of organizational performance, with demands, autonomy, and support identified as major contributors to workplace satisfaction and mental health.
Objective: The study aims to investigate the extent to which employees perceive their work as demanding, requiring significant skills, and allowing autonomy, as well as how these factors impact feelings of favoritism, stress, and workplace support, including health benefits and training.
Methods: Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 89 respondents, utilizing Likert-scale questions to assess opinions on job demands, autonomy, favoritism, stress levels, information sufficiency, and consistency in job roles. Descriptive statistics, primarily frequency and percentage distributions, were employed to analyze participant responses.
Findings: The results indicate a mixed response to job demands, with a notable portion of employees agreeing that their work is effort-intensive and skill-demanding. Despite these demands, only moderate levels of autonomy were reported, as many participants indicated limited choice in determining their work processes. Favoritism and bullying perceptions were low overall, but stress was reported to impact performance for a considerable segment of employees. Health and training support appeared somewhat limited, with only a portion of employees confirming regular access to these resources.
Conclusion: Findings suggest a critical need for organizations to balance job demands with adequate autonomy and support, as these factors significantly affect employee well-being and productivity.
Novelty: This study uniquely combines various workplace dimensions—demands, autonomy, favoritism, stress, and support structures—into a single analysis, providing a holistic view of factors influencing employee satisfaction and stress.