bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rendimiento y adaptación de genotipos de frijol negro opaco en ambientes con y sin sequía terminal
Authors: Tosquy-Valle Oscar Hugo , López-Salinas Ernesto , Villar-Sánchez Bernardo , Zetina Lezama Rigoberto , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge Alberto , Rodríguez-Rodríguez4 José Raúl , Ibarra-Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: July 2018

La sequía al final de la etapa reproductiva (terminal), es uno de los principales factores ambientales que limitan el rendimiento de frijol en las siembras de humedad residual en Veracruz y Chiapas, México. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el rendimiento y la adaptación de 13 genotipos de frijol bajo condiciones de humedad residual en localidades con y sin estrés hídrico terminal. La nueva variedad Verdín, junto con 10 líneas avanzadas y las variedades Negro Tacaná y Negro Jamapa se evaluaron en tres ambientes de Veracruz y Chiapas en otoño-invierno (O-I) de 2013 y primavera-verano (P-V) de 2014. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Durante el ciclo del cultivo se registró la precipitación pluvial y se determinó la dinámica de la humedad aprovechable del suelo. Las variables de respuesta fueron: días a la madurez fisiológica y rendimiento de grano. Se realizaron análisis combinados de los seis ambientes de prueba y también un análisis para determinar la estabilidad de rendimiento y adaptación de los genotipos. La dinámica de la humedad aprovechable indicó que, en Medellín y Ocozocoautla, en O-I de 2013 y en Medellín y Cintalapa en P-V de 2014, prevalecieron condiciones de sequía terminal, mientras que en Tlapacoyan, en ambos ciclos de producción, las plantas no tuvieron estrés por humedad. Así, las diferencias en disponibilidad de humedad durante la etapa reproductiva, a través de las localidades de prueba afectó la respuesta productiva y la duración del ciclo de cultivo de los genotipos evaluados. Entre los genotipos, la variedad Verdín mostró alto rendimiento con y sin sequía terminal con 1 121.7 y 1 568 kg ha-1, su rendimiento fue significativamente (p> 0.01) superior al de los testigos comerciales, Negro Tacaná y Negro Jamapa.
Estrategias de comercialización de los frutos en el tianguis de Malinalco, México
Authors: Guadarrama Martínez Noemí , Sangerman-Jarquín Dora Ma. , Chávez Mejía María Cristina , Chávez Mejía María Cristina , Rubí Arriaga Martín
Published: July 2018

El tianguis es concebido como un mercado público visto como espacios de intercambio y algunos, tienen la particularidad de que la actividad económica de adquisición de bienes se realiza a través del trueque, sin intervención de la moneda como valor de cambio. Es importante describir etnográficamente las diferentes estrategias de intercambio para revelar que los hechos económicos están mediados por los rasgos socioculturales de los sujetos, cuya función es fundamentalmente económica. La investigación tuvo como objetivo, exponer y analizar las estrategias de mercadeo tradicional y moderno utilizadas por los vendedores y compradores de los frutos de Malinalco, Estado de México. De enero a diciembre de 2015, se aplicó una encuesta con preguntas de tipo cerrado a 70 recolectores/comercializadores ubicados dentro del tianguis, para la elaboración del listado de las técnicas utilizadas para poder vender cada uno de los frutos.
HAM14F: híbrido de chile ancho mulato para el altiplano norte-centro de México
Authors: Santiago López Ulises , Ramírez Meraz Moisés , Méndez Aguilar Reinaldo
Published: July 2018

El chile ancho mulato es demandado principalmente en estado seco o deshidratado. En México, por ser ingrediente básico de platillos tradicionales tiene gran importancia gastronómica, económica y social. En 2014, a nivel nacional se cosecharon 1 878 ha de este tipo de chile con una producción de 3 869 t y rendimiento promedio de 2.1 t ha-1. La obtención de bajos rendimientos en las áreas productoras, principalmente en el altiplano norte-centro de México, es debida al elevado uso de semilla no mejorada o criolla, la cual se estima que se siembra 80% del área dedicada a este cultivo. Con la finalidad de atenuar la problemática citada, se desarrolló el híbrido de chile ancho mulato HAM14F, el cual alcanza una altura de 80 a 95 cm y tiene buena cobertura de follaje, 60 a 75 cm de diámetro. Es considerado de ciclo precoz debido a que la floración y la maduración del fruto se presenta a los 40 y 135 días después del trasplante (ddt), respectivamente. Produce frutos de color verde obscuro que se tornan a color café obscuro con una fuerte brillantez en estado maduro. Este híbrido tiene un rendimiento promedio a cielo abierto de 3.8 t ha-1, 21.1% superior al de la variedad AM-VR (3 t ha-1). Por lo antes mencionado, HAM14F se considera una buena alternativa para el Altiplano Norte-Centro de México.
Using Hotspots Algebra to analyze crime events and their urban context
Authors: Heredia G. Lenin , Bravo C. Germán E.
Published: July 2018

Hotspots analysis is essential in the criminology field and quite important in decisions making for police agencies because it permits the enhancement of allocation of police resources for timely and adequate actions. There exist different techniques for analysis and generation of hotspots, limited by its difficulty to consider other urban and demographic factors that could be the cause of the emergence of these hotspots or their influence over other factors. On the other hand, it is also difficult and unusual to analyze hotspots in a temporal context. This paper seeks, through spatial-temporal operations based in hotspots, to go beyond of classical crime analysis with hotspots, by looking for the spatial influence of other spatial factors over and analyzing also their relationship in a temporal context.

The paper initially presents and analyze the performance of various techniques for hotspot generation and determines that STAC technique from CrimeStat is the more suitable for the proposed objective. Then, it defines a hotspot algebra allowing the combined study of crime and spatial factors affecting it and/or been affected by crime events. Temporal analysis includes the hotspots generation for days of the week and/or months in a year. In this way it is possible to study causality relationships and/or correlations among the studied phenomena and the spatial-temporal environment where crime occurs. Therefore, it is possible to define and apply informed actions, primarily concerning the allocation of police resources.

Finally, it shows some application examples, thematic as well as temporal analysis, of hotspot algebra using crime data from Bogota for the years 2011 to 2013; finally, some future works in the subject are proposed.
Mitolojik ve Dinsel Bir Yükseliş Simgesi Olarak Merdiven Motifi
Authors: SÜMER Necati
Published: July 2018

.Merdiven, kişiyi belli

bir konumdan diğerine taşıyan araçtır. Bu konum, aşağıdan yukarı olabildiği

gibi yukarıdan aşağı da olabilir. Gündelik hayatın basit ihtiyaçlarını

karşılayan merdiven, mitoslarda ve bazı inançlarda önemli bir simgedir. Şamanın

ayin yaparken ağaca tırmanmasını sağlayan bir yükseliş aracı olan merdiven,

bazen de mitoslarda tanrıların dünyayla iletişim kurmak amacıyla yeryüzüne

inmek için kullandığı bir vasıtadır. Kimi dinlerde ise merdiven, peygamberlerin

rüyasında üzerinde meleklerin dolaştığını gördüğü bir iniş çıkış simgesidir.

Birçok amaçla kullanılan merdiven, genellikle yükseliş simgesi olarak değer

kazanmıştır. İnsan veya tanrılar, çoğu zaman yedi basamaklı merdivenlerle göğe

tırmanmayı tercih etmiştir. Gerek göğe yükselen hayali merdivenler gerekse de

yeryüzünde yapılan kutsal mabetler yedi basamaklı merdiven biçimindedir. Birçok

kültürde merdivene hem bu dünyada hem de öte dünyada bazı anlamlar ve değerler

yüklenmiştir. Bu çalışmada merdivenin mitoslarda ve inançlarda taşıdığı roller

üzerinde durulmuştur.
Timurlularda Şehzade Eğitimi
Authors: ŞAHBAZ Mehibe
Published: July 2018

Timurlular Türk-Moğol unsurlarıyla yerli İran ve

İslam kültürünün karışması sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Timurlular her ne kadar

Çağatay geleneği başta olmak üzere Cengiz ve bozkır geleneğini sürdüren Türk

teşkilatları, Arap ve Müslüman Türk devletlerinden ayrı bir yapı olarak

karşımıza çıkmış olsa da Türk- İslam kültür ve geleneklerinin hâkim olduğu

Maveraünnehir bölgesinde yetişmiştir. Timur iktidar meşrutiyetini ve hâkimiyet

anlayışını ortaya koyarken Türk hâkimiyet anlayışı üzerine şekillendirmiştir.

Diğer Türk ve Moğol Devletlerinde olduğu gibi Türk Cihan Hâkimiyeti anlayışını

korumuştur. Timurlu Devletinin İslam dinini kabul etmesiyle geleneksel Türk

hâkimiyet anlayışına uygun olarak gücünü doğrudan doğruya Allah’tan almaktaydı.

Yeryüzünde Allahın gölgesi ve İslam peygamberinden sonra en yetkili bir makama

sahip olarak kendine verilen bu makamın gücünü kullanarak halkını ve dini

korumak için mutlak bir otorite olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Timurlulardaki bu

hâkimiyet anlayışı kendinden sonra halefleri zamanında devam etmiştir. Bu

çalışmamızda da öncelikli olarak Timurluların nerede, ne zaman ve kim

tarafından kurulduğu, Timur zamanında oluşturulan Timurlu devlet siyaseti

gereği doğrultusunda Şehzadelerin (Mirzaların) eğitimi ele alınmıştır.

Timurlular şehzadelerin ve hanedan üyelerinin eğitimine büyük önem

vermişlerdir. Dolayısıyla bu görevi bir devlet görevi olarak kabul etmişler ve

şehzadelere ve hanedan üyelerine doğumdan itibaren başlayan bir eğitim sistemi

uygulamışlardır. Bu eğitim sisteminin nerede yapıldığı ve Şehzadelerin hangi

süreçten geçtiği ve Şehzadelere tahsis edilen hocalar ve bu hocaların eğitim

sürecinde şehzadeler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mirzaların

doğumları, tahta çıkışları, atabeylerin eğitim sürecindeki rolü ve görevleri

ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Timurlu hükümdarların ve şehzadelerin bilim, eğitim ve

kültüre önem vererek hâkim oldukları topraklara başta Semerkant olmak üzere

Herat, Şiraz, Tebriz gibi şehirleri ilim ve sanat merkezi haline getirmeleri

ele alınmıştır.
Hükümlerin Dayandığı Delillerde Kesinliği Öngören Fıkıh Kâidelerinin Hadislerdeki Temelleri
Authors: ÇELİKAN Serkan
Published: July 2018

İslâm fıkhında, ibadetlerden hukukî süreçlere kadar
bütün beşerî faaliyetlerde, kararlar üzerinde belirleyici olan bilgi ve
delillerin kesin nitelikli olması esastır. Bu, doğru ve adil sonuçlara
varabilmenin önemli bir şartıdır. Dolayısıyla şüphenin ve farklı ihtimallerin
varlığından kurtulamamış delillerin karar vermede ve hüküm tesisinde dayanak
olarak görülmesi mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu önemli husus fıkıh kâideleri (kavâid-i
fıkhiyye) olarak da bilinen İslâm hukukunun temel prensipleri arasında da
çeşitli maddeler aracılığıyla yerini bulmuştur. Hz. Peygamber (a.s.) devrinin
İslâm hukukunun ilk uygulama alanı olduğu dikkate alındığında bahsi geçen
ilkenin ve dolayısıyla bu ilkeyi farklı formlarda ortaya koyan fıkıh
kâidelerinin temellerinin de bu dönemde mevcut bulunabileceğini tahmin etmek
zor olmaz. Nitekim hadis kaynaklarında yapılan incelemeler şüphe-hüküm ilişkisi
olarak da isimlendirilebilecek bu konuda kavlî ve fiilî sünnetten çeşitli
örneklerin bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma söz konusu örneklerin tespitini,
sıhhat durumlarını ve mevzu bahis olan esasla ilgilerini belirlemeyi
amaçlamaktadır.
Cahiliye Döneminde Nesir ve Bir Hatip Olarak Eksem b. Sayfî
Authors: YÜKSEL Mücahit
Published: July 2018

İslâm öncesi döneme Kur’ân’da, “Cahiliye” adı

verilmektedir. Bu ismin verilmesindeki etken ise okuma-yazma oranının

düşüklüğü değil dine karşı takınılan kötü tavırdır. Çünkü her ne kadar

Araplar yazma alanında zayıf olsalar da sözlü edebiyat alanında iyi

durumdalardı. Ayrıca Cahiliyye adının verilmesi, bu dönemde hiçbir

güzelliğin olmadığı anlamına da gelmemektedir. Bu dönemde, tevhid dinine

bağlı olan ve güzel ahlâkıyla tanınan insanlara da rastlanmaktadır. Edebiyat,

Cahiliye döneminin önemli bir unsuru idi. Öyle ki şairler

ödüllendirilirdi ve şiir yarışmaları da yapılırdı. Dereceye giren

şiirler de Ka’be duvarına asılırdı. Ayrıca hatipler de itibar görür ve

kabile temsilcisi olarak yöneticilerle konuşurken sözcülük görevi yaparlardı.

Bu dönemde edebiyat alanındaki yeteneklerini menfaat için sergileyen

insanlar olduğu gibi topluma faydalı olma amacında olan kişiler de

bulunmaktaydı. Câhiliyye dönemindeki edebî faaliyetlerden bahsedilirken

her zaman şiir ön planda olmuştur. Ancak şiir kadar gündeme getirilmeyen nesir

de bu dönemde en az şiir kadar revaç bulmuştur. Çünkü sosyal hayatın gereği

olan birçok konuşma, nesir türünün içine girmektedir. Eksem b. Sayfi, Cahiliye

döneminin tanınan kişilerindendir. Sağlıklı bir bakış açısına sahip olan

Eksem, icra ettiği hutbeleriyle, kendi dönemindeki insanlara yol göstermiştir.

Cahiliyenin tüm kötülüklerine rağmen o, tevhid inancına sahip bir insan

olarak, herkesi tevhide ve güzel ahlaka çağırmıştır. Eksem,

konuşmalarında gösterişten kaçınmış ve mümkün olduğu kadar sade konuşmaya

çalışmıştır. Bununla birlikte Eksem, bazen edebi sanatları kullanmaktan

da geri kalmamıştır.Bu makale; Câhiliyye kavramının analizi, Câhiliyye

döneminde nesrin durumu ve önemli bir hatip olan Eksem b. Sayfî’nin edebî

kişiliği konularını ele almaktadır. Çünkü İslâm’ın getirdiği güzelliklerin daha

iyi anlaşılması için Cahiliyye döneminin tanınması önemlidir. Ayrıca Eksem b.

Sayfi de bu dönemin önemli bir şahsiyetidir.
Helâl ve Haramlarla İlgili Kaide ve İlkeler
Authors: ÇAYIROĞLU Yüksel
Published: July 2018

İslâm’da, şer’î hükümlerin önemli bir kısmını helâl

ve haramlar oluşturur. Zira inanç ve ahlâka dair mevzuların yanında fıkhın alt

bölümlerini oluşturan ibadetler, muameleler ve cezalara dair pek çok yasak

getirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla helâl ve haramın temel mantığı kavranmadan ve bu

konuda geçerli olan ilke ve prensipler bilinmeden, şeriatın doğru bilinip

anlaşılması mümkün olmadığı gibi, ortaya çıkan güncel problemler hakkında

isabetli hükümlerin verilmesi de mümkün olmayacaktır. Bunun önemli bir sebebi,

helâl ve haramlarla ilgili kâidelerin, kanuna karşı hile, hükümlerin

kaynakları, vesile ve maksatlar, ihtiyat, şüphe, niyet, zarar, maslahat,

zaruret ve taabbudîlik gibi fıkhın temel konularıyla olan yakın ilişkisidir. Bu

makalede, helâl ve haram hükümlerine hâkim olan başlıca küllî kâide ve

prensipler ele alınmıştır. Bu makalede ele alınan kâide ve prensipler

şunlardır: Helâl ve haram kılma yetkisi Allah’a aittir; eşyada asıl olan

ibahadır; menfaatlerde helâllik, zararlarda ise haramlık asıldır; haramı meşru

göstermek için hileye başvurmak da haramdır; harama götüren vesileler de

haramdır; harama düşmemek için şüpheli şeyler terkedilmelidir; helal ve haram

bir arada bulunduğunda haramlık yönü tercih edilir; iyi niyet haramları mubah

kılmaz; zaruretler haramları mubah kılar; haramlarda taabbudilik (haram kılınan

fiillerin sırf Allah emrettiği için terkedilmesi) esastır; helal dairesi harama

ihtiyaç bırakmayacak kadar geniştir. Helâl ve haramlarla ilgili kâide ve

prensipler istikra yöntemiyle, yani bu konudaki hükümlere bütüncül bir bakışla

çıkarılmıştır. Dolayısıyla söz konusu kâide ve prensipleri burada sayılanlarla

sınırlı görmek doğru değildir. Bu konuda yapılacak daha geniş ve derin

çalışmalarla elbette yeni bir kısım kâidelerin çıkarılması mümkün olacaktır.

Fakat görebildiğimiz kadarıyla kavaid kitaplarının konuyla ilgili ele aldıkları

başlıca kâideler bunlardan ibarettir.
İslam Hukukunda Telfîk Nazariyyesi
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Emrah , SİZGEN İbrahim
Published: July 2018

İslâm Hukuku canlı, dinamik ve yürürlükte olan bir

hukuktur. Bu dinamikliğini İslam hukuku, fukahânın nassa dayalı içtihatlarından

almıştır. Nitekim Mecelle maddelerinde yer alan ve ulema tarafından önem

atfedilen "Zamanın değişimiyle, hükümlerin değişmesi inkâr edilemez"

kaidesi bunu açıkça ifade etmektedir. Şer’î-amelî hükümlerden olup yaşadığımız

çağda bir problem haline gelen telfik ve telfik ile ilgili olan taklid,

mezhepler arası intikal, tetebu’r-ruhas, teysir ve ihdasu Kavli’s-sâlis (üçüncü

görüş ortaya çıkarma) gibi lafızlar temelde her ne kadar birbiriyle aynı

oldukları gözlemlense de amelî boyutta bu kavramlar birbirine zıt oldukları

anlaşılmıştır. Terim olarak farklı görüş ve hükümleri birleştirmek anlamına

gelen telfîk, hicri yedinci asırdan itibaren usûlcüler arasında tartışılan bir

konu olmuştur. İslâm Hukukunda içtihada dayalı bir mesele olan telfîk,

genellikle fıkıh usûlü kaynaklarının taklit bölümünde ele alınmış olup birçok

risalede işlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla telfîk, içtihatta ve taklitte olmak üzere

ikiye ayrılır. İsmail Hakkı İzmirli, telfîki tek bir olayda ve iki olayda

gerçekleşen olmak üzere iki bölümde ele almıştır. Seyyid Bey ise icmâya muhâlif

olan ve olmayan şeklinde taksimde bulunmuştur. Müçtehitler döneminden sonra

uygulamada telfîke başvurulmuş, ayrıca her mezhep müçtehitlerinin görüşleri

arasında telfîk dinin hükümlerini hafife almamak kaydıyla genellikle câiz

görülmüştür. Telfîkin câiz olmadığını ileri süren fakihler de vardır. Ancak

onların bu tutumu aşırılık ve bağnazlık gibi ifadelerle eleştirilmiş ve nassın

ruhuna aykırı olmayacak şekilde iyi niyet besleyen müleffikin (telfik yapan

kişi) telfiki usûlcülerce kabul görmüştür.
AUTOTRANSPLANTASI GIGI-GIGI IMPAKSI INSISIVUS MAKSILA KANAN DISERTAI KISTA DENTIGEROUS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GRAFT KOLAGEN KARBONAT APATIT
Authors: Wulansari Indah , Widiastuti Maria Goreti , Prihartiningsih Prihartiningsih
Published: July 2018

Background: Autotransplantation is a surgical movement to reposition teeththat have been erupted, partially erupted or not yet erupted from one place to another in the same individual, either on post-extraction sockets or artifcial sockets made by surgery. Dental folicle from impacted teeth may develope dentigerous cysts that will result in destruction of the jaw bone. There are many factors that inﬂuence the success of autotransplantation, one of which is adequate bone support.The purpose of this poster is to present the successful autotransplantation treatment of impacted right maxillary incisor teeth associated with dentigerous cyst and bone support replacement after cyst enucleation using a carbonate apatite collagen graft, GAMACHA®, at RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Case management: A 9-year-old girl, referred to the Oral and MaxillofacialSurgery Department of RSUP Dr. Sardjito with the complaint of right deciduous maxillary incisor persistence. Radiological examination showing persistent of 51 and 52 radices and impaction of teeth 11 and 12 in a horizontal position above radix 53. Also visible radiolucent image with a frm limit around the crown of 11 that supports the image of cyst. This patient performed cyst enucleation under general anesthesia, removal of impacted 11 and 21, followed by an artifcial socket drilling at the alveolar bone that could support all aspects of the root wall although only on the apical part of the tooth root for teeth 11 and 12 placement. Autotransplantation of teeth11 and 12 followed by the application of GAMACHA® and wire fxation, strengthen with acrylic splint.Conclusion: Two years follow up after surgery, patient have no complaintseither from aesthetic or functional and the result of clinical and radiologicalexamination did not found existence of any pathological abnormalities around teeth 11 and 12.
METHODS OF MUSICAL TEXT VISUALIZATION IN THE COURSE OF THEORETICAL DISCIPLINES
Authors: Romashkova Ol'ga Nikolaevna , Sorokina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of using visualization as one of the most progressive educational technologies. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing the forms of work that help, through visualization, to transpose sound artistic impressions into other planes related to visual associations in classes of musical-theoretical disciplines at various stages of education (music school - college - university). The question is raised about the need for deep connection between the selected forms of visualization and musical work, including at the level of the artistic image.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE CRIMEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Sinitsa Dmitrii Anatol'evich , Lykova Nataliya Nikolaevna
Published: July 2018

The article analyzes the problems of education development in the Crimea in the XIX - at the beginning of the XX century. Their study is topical in modern conditions in connection with the ongoing processes of the educational system modernization. For their harmonization, the experience of the scientific community of that period, of the highest state power of tsarist Russia, local governments (zemstvos) and the governments that operated in different regions in the first post-revolutionary years should be taken into account. For a long time, the experience of pre-revolutionary state bodies and local authorities has been unjustifiably ignored, and the practice of so-called “white” and “national” governments, which existed within the territory of the former Russian Empire, has remained out of scientific coverage. It is necessary to fill this lacuna, and the publication is aimed at it.
3D-MODELING SOFTWARE USE IN TEACHING ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Authors: Fazlulin Enver Munirovich , Ryabov Vladimir Anatol'evich , Yakovuk Oleg Anatol'evich
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the methodology of teaching the discipline “Engineering Graphics” at universities. By the example of modern graphic packages, the fragments of calculation-graphic works within the section “Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling” performed both in manual and computer implementation are given. The authors present the examples of serious advantages of “3D-modeling” section introduction into the educational process of general education departments of universities in terms of spatial imagination development that is so necessary to the modern constructor.
GLOBAL SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR LINGUO-SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION: HISTORY OF EMERGENCE, CONCEPT, STRUCTURE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF DEBYSER’S SIMULATION “RESIDENTIAL HOUSE”)
Authors: Shcherbakova Ol'ga Vladimirovna
Published: July 2018

The article presents the history of the development of the global simulation technology, which arose in the 70s of the XX century in France. The definitions of the notions “game”, “role-playing”, “theatrical production”, “simulation” are considered. Basing on the analysis of methodological literature and didactic projects of foreign schools, the paper defines the concept, structure and advantages of this technology in teaching basic and professional foreign language. The historical milestones of this method formation and its role in the development of foreign-language linguistic education are traced. The author presents the analysis of foreign experience of using this technology in the methodology of teaching foreign languages.
ATTEMPT OF COMPUTER-BASED TESTING APPLICATION IN THE PROCESS OF STUDENTS’ TEACHING AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AT BAUMAN MOSCOW STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Krivonosova Ekaterina Ivanovna , Morozova Marina Alekseevna
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the issues of modern information technologies application in the field of computer testing of students in the process of teaching engineering disciplines at the Department of Engineering Graphics at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. During the experiment, which was conducted in 2016-2017, an original database of test tasks was created. About 1000 test sessions were held that were attended by more than 320 students. A brief description of the indicators obtained on the basis of statistical analysis is given. The evaluation of the experiment results is presented. The authors formulate tasks for the further development of this direction.
IMPORTANCE OF AGE PECULIARITIES IN SCHOOL COLLECTIVE FORMATION
Authors: Lazarev Maksim Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2018

The topicality of the study is conditioned by the serious problems of the development and upbringing of the younger generation in the conditions of the comprehensive school. This fact outlines the problematic field and emphasizes the need to improve the efficiency of upbringing work in education. The educational system of primary school children is based on the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education, according to which primary school age is an important stage in the formation of the foundations of personal, physical, emotional and communicative development. The creation and upbringing of the school collective is one of the targets of the Standard provisions.
THE SOCIAL NETWORK “VKONTAKTE” AS A TOOL OF PUPILS’ COGNITIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mel'nikova Mariya Rudol'fovna , Ushatikova Irina Igorevna
Published: July 2018

In the era of the information society, every teacher should find and use new tools to maintain and develop pupils’ cognitive activity. In particular, the social network “VKontakte”, which is popular among teenagers, can become such a tool. The article examines the educational opportunities of the social network, the use of which will help the teacher to expand significantly the boundaries of the classroom. The psychological and pedagogical conditions for the effective use of “VKontakte” for solving the actual organizational and pedagogical problems of the modern school are formulated.
P. G. REDKIN: THE GREAT BUT FORGOTTEN TEACHER (TO THE 210TH ANNIVERSARY)
Authors: Pomelov Vladimir Borisovich
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the facts of the famous Russian teacher Petr Grigor'evich Redkin’s biography (1808-1891). Redkin’s contribution to Russian pedagogy is shown, especially in the field of methodology. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the future great Russian teacher K. D. Ushinsky was a student of P. G. Redkin at Moscow University. The paper gives the analysis of some pedagogical works by P. G. Redkin. The author asserts that P. G. Redkin’s works are still relevant and need further analysis.
Theory of Inhomogeneous Short Range Order and Calphad Modeling. Part 1. Basic Formalism
Authors: Kremer Edward
Published: July 2018

Conceptual role of Short Range Order in Statistical Thermodynamics of liquidalloys is discussed. It is shown why the popular model theories used by Calphadfall short in bringing this phenomenon to full usage. In contrast to this, presentedhere in details Theory of Inhomogeneous Short Range Order takes Short RangeOrder as basic element of formalism. Combinatorial factor provided by theoryexpresses the Statistical Sum of entire system as weighted average over StatisticalSums of small groups of atoms conventionally selected in the alloy. Equations ofthe theory are explicitly resolved in a parametric form.The theory in its tetrahedron approximation is applied, as introductory example,for the presentation the thermodynamic data of multiple two-component systemsdescribed previously by other authors using Redlich-Kister’ polynomials.
Universal Principles of Human Communication: Preliminary Evidence from a Cross-Cultural Communication Game
Authors: Fay Nicolas , Walker Bradley , Swoboda Nik , Umata Ichiro , Fukaya Takugo , Katagiri Yasuhiro , Garrod Simon
Published: July 2018

The present study points to several potentially universal principles of human communication. Pairs of participants, sampled from culturally and linguistically distinct societies (Western and Japanese, N=108: 16 Western-Western, 15 Japanese-Japanese and 23 Western-Japanese dyads) played a dyadic communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of experimenter-specified items to a partner by drawing, but without speaking or using letters or numbers. This paradigm forced participants to create a novel communication system. A range of similar communication behaviors were observed among the within-culture groups (Western-Western and Japanese-Japanese) and the across-culture group (Western-Japanese): they (1) used iconic signs to bootstrap successful communication, (2) addressed breakdowns in communication using other-initiated repairs, (3) simplified their communication behaviour over repeated social interactions and (4) aligned their communication behaviour over repeated social interactions. While the across- culture Western-Japanese dyads found the task more challenging, and cultural differences in communication behaviour were observed, the same basic findings applied across all groups. Our findings, which rely on two distinct cultural and linguistic groups, offer preliminary evidence for several universal principles of human communication.
Ethics Bureaucracy against the Health Service at the Health Center of the Town Pare Pare
Authors: Calundu Rasidin
Published: July 2018

The study was descriptive in nature so that his analysis is qualitative. The results showedthat the bureaucracy as a State civil servant that served as the Ministry of public health,which is certainly the attitude and ethics in carrying out the task quite well with attitudeopen and clear communication with an emphasis on honesty as a form of professionalismand commitment, it is embodied with excellent service, quality. Fast, easy, affordable andscalable. It also needed a friendly service, good communication as an civil servant in thehealth field who posed the stance of polite and communicative as the elaboration ofprofessional values are universal. Communication civil servant in the Ministry of healthhas always put forward said the words gentle, well-behaved, polite and fair and trustfulwith the openness it is certainly responsiveness civil servant in pretty good health carewith empathy becomes increasingly conducive atmosphere. All of which are highlyassociated with the application of ethics in health care at the clinic.
ANDROID-BASED COLLOIDS SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA: MULTIPLICITIES OF PLACE
Authors: Irwanto
Published: July 2018

his study aims are (1) to develop android-based chemistry instructional media on the colloids system material for high school students and (2) to determine the feasibility of the media developed. This study is research and development that adapted Borg & Gall and Dick & Carey models modified into four steps: preliminary study, curriculum study, product development, and evaluation. Media validated by materials experts, media experts, peer reviewers, and high school chemistry teacher, and tested to high school students. Data collection was done by the media assessment instruments. The results showed that (1) chemistry learning media was successfully developed using adobe flash professional cs 6 and can be run on Android devices; (2) the media were appropriate for learning based on assessment of material aspects and media aspects in the Very Good category, and the test results of st udents also showed that the media in the Very Good category.
POTENSI MISKONSEPSI ISTILAH KIMIA PADA BUKU AJAR KIMIA SMA MATERI KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK KEBAHASAAN
Authors: Irwanto
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya potensi miskonsepsi pada buku ajar kimia SMA khususnya pada materi Kesetimbangan. Miskonsepsi kimia dapat terjadi pada buku teks kimia yang menjadi acuan para pendidik maupun peserta didik karena kosa kata yang biasa digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari memiliki arti berbeda dalam kimia. Materi kesetimbangan kimia dipilih sebagai objek penelitian karena kesetimbangan merupakan salah satu materi kimia yang bersifat relatif abstrak dan sulit dipahami sehingga dapat menyebabkan miskonsepsi pada peserta didik. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan subjek penelitian tiga buku teks Kimia SMA kelas XI yang sering digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah, yakni karangan Michael Purba; Sandri Justiana & Muchtaridi; dan J.M.C Johari & M. Rachmawati. Adanya potensi miskonsepsi ditinjau dari aspek kebahasaan dilihat dari relevansi istilah terhadap lema (entri) yang telah didefinisikan secara internasional dalam A Concise Dictionary of Chemistry yang diterbitkan oleh Oxford University Press. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa istilah yang dapat menimbulkan potensi miskonsepsi, yaitu: (1) kesetimbangan, (2) dinamis, (3) konsentrasi, (4) endoterm, (5) proses kontak, (6) fase, dan (7) reaksi.
The Comparison of Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Model STAD and TGT toward Motivation and Achievement of Chemistry Learning on The Material of Rate Reaction
Authors: Irwanto
Published: July 2018

Cooperative learning model allows for each student’s knowledge of the subject to be an important aspect of project completion. There are many types of cooperative learning model, such as Students Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Teams Games Tournament (TGT). Those cooperative learning model can be applied in both social and science class. This experimental research aimed to determine the effectiveness of learning models application of STAD and TGT toward motivation and achievement of students’ chemistry learning. The research population was grade XI students in SMA N 4 Yogyakarta in the academic year of 2013/2014 with a total population of 145 students. The taken research samples were students from class XI IPA 5 by using STAD as first experiment class and students from class XI IPA 4 using TGT as second experiment class, y purposive sampling. The taken data was the data of prior knowledge of chemistry, chemistry-learning achievement analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance, and chemistry-learning motivation before and after learning analyzed by using t-test for paired samples and t-test for independent samples. The result of t-test for paired samples showed significant difference toward chemistry-learning at both experimental classes. The result of t-test for independent samples showed no significant difference toward chemistry-learning between those. The Analysis of Covariance showed significant difference toward chemistry-learning between those if prior knowledge was statically controlled.
The Effect of Compensation, Organizational Culture and Islamic Work Ethic Towards the Job Satisfaction and the Impact on the Permanent Lecturers
Authors: Jufrizen Jufrizen
Published: July 2018

This study examines the effect of compensation, organizational culture and Islamic work ethic directly towards the job satisfaction and performance of the lecturers and the effect of compensation, organizational culture and Islamic work ethic towards the performance of lecturers through job satisfaction. This study was conducted at the Private Islamic University in Indonesia. The population of the study is 295 lecturers. The data were analyzed using The Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL 8.80 applications. The results showed that compensation, organizational culture and Islamic work ethic have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive effect on the performance. Compensation, organizational culture and Islamic work ethic have a positive effect on the performance of lecturers significantly. Compensation and organizational culture have a significant effect on the performance through job satisfaction while Islamic work ethic does not significantly influence the performance of lecturers through job satisfaction.
INTEGRATED MEASUREMENT OF STUDENTS' ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS AND SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS
Authors: Irwanto
Published: July 2018

The learning of chemistry which becomes increasingly complex in the 21 century demands the students to develop a number of cognitive as well as psychomotoric skills throughly. There are skills which students have to master such as analytical thinking skills and science processing skills. However, in reallity, there are many obstacles faced by the teachers to measure those two variables. Therefore, a test which is able to measure the ability of the students both in cognitive and psychomotoric and to optimalize the potency of the students is needed. The objective of this study is to solve the problem of assessment in chemistry learning which only measures thinking skills on lower level and gives little attention on science processing skills of students. The interview results conducted towards chemistry teachers in several SMA/MA in Yogyakarta, show that the teacher have not been fully assessed in correct manner in practical learning procces. On the other hand, one of competencies which teachers must possesed is to develop assessment instruments. Moreover, there are a lot of learning results, instruments used by the teachers which have not been able to measure the students analytical thinking skills and science processing skills effectively and efficiently. A good assessing instrument is an instrument which is able to develop the students‟s ability to solve the problems, to find solutions, as well as to increase their analytical thinking skills through chemistry learning based on science processing skills. Therefore, the measurement of analytical thingking skills and science process skills of the students integratively has to be conducted to embrace the demand of 21 century chemistry learning.
USING VIRTUAL LABS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' THINKING ABILITIES, SKILLS, AND SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto
Published: July 2018

Educational problems are very complex problems, so it takes a solution to overcome those problems, especially in the 21st century. Educators are expected to disseminate learning by utilizing the development of 21st century technology, educators must also be able to develop technology-based learning media with reference to the school curriculum. The transformation of technology in the digital era provides a wide range of beneficial effects on the science learning process. One important impact of the development in digital era that can be utilized in science education is virtual laboratory. Virtual laboratory is a media that can provide direct experimental visualizations, interactive virtual environment, practical experimentation, to de experiments more efficiently, and be able to save on purchasing experimental tools. Learning by using a virtual laboratory can also be done anywhere and anytime without taking the class lessons. This study is aimed to determine the effect of virtual laboratory based learning model on students’ thinking abilities, skills, and scientific attitudes. This research used qualitative descriptive research method. The data analysis techniques used refers to the data analysis model by Miles & Huberman (1994), including components: reduce data, display data, draw conclusions, and verify. This paper reviews the 23 articles on students' thinking abilities, skills, and scientific attitudes toward virtual laboratory. This paper has been published in Indonesia and several journals have a scopus index reputation from 2010 to 2016. The results showed that the virtual laboratory is able to enhance students’ problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, conceptual understanding, science process skills, lab skills, motivation, interest, perception, and learning outcomes. Therefore, educators need to use virtual laboratories to improve teaching quality and student learning outcomes.
THE EVALUATION INSTRUMENT OF ANALYTICAL THINKING AND SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL IN CHEMISTRY SUBJECT
Authors: Irwanto
Published: July 2018

This study was aimed at developing and describing the feasibility of analytical thinking and science process skill instrument for Senior High School chemistry in the material of reaction rates. The study was conducted in ﬁ ve senior high schools in Yogyakarta. The instrument development used the 4-D model including deﬁ ning, designing, developing, and disseminating. Analytical Thinking and Science Process Skill (ATSPS) instrument was validated by expert judgement and chemistry teachers. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative methods. Findings show that evaluation of the the developed ATSPS instrument has a validity index of 0.95. Product evaluation of the instrument done by the Senior High School chemistry teachers obtained a score of 530 within the good category. The percentage of teachers’ responses to the chemistry assessment instrument is 88.33%. Therefore, ATSPS instrument is feasible to be used for measuring the knowledge and skills of the Senior High School students integratively.
How does mindfulness modulate self-regulation in pre-adolescent children? An integrative neurocognitive review
Authors: Kaunhoven Rebekah , Dorjee Dusana
Published: July 2018

Pre-adolescence is a key developmental period in which complex intrinsic volitional methods of self-regulation are acquired as a result of rapid maturation within the brain networks underlying theself-regulatory processes of attention control and emotion regulation. Fostering adaptive self-regulationskills during this stage of development has strong implications for physical health, emotional and socio-economic outcomes during adulthood. There is a growing interest in mindfulness-based programmesfor pre-adolescents with initial findings suggesting self-regulation improvements, however, neurode-velopmental studies on mindfulness with pre-adolescents are scarce. This analytical review outlinesan integrative neuro-developmental approach, which combines self-report and behavioural assess-ments with event related brain potentials (ERPs) to provide a systemic multilevel understanding ofthe neurocognitive mechanisms of mindfulness in pre-adolescence. We specifically focus on the N2,error related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe), P3a, P3b and late positive potential (LPP) ERP com-ponents as indexes of mindfulness related modulations in non-volitional bottom-up self-regulatoryprocesses (salience detection, stimulus driven orienting and mind wandering) and volitional top-downself-regulatory processes (endogenous orienting and executive attention).
The empirical reach of the ´mental whiteboard´: A commentary on Ginsburg et al. (2017)
Authors: Abrahamse Elger , Guida Alessandro
Published: July 2018

In a recent study, Ginsburg and colleagues (2017) explored the boundary conditions of the ordinal position effect, which refers to the horizontal format with which (non-spatial) item sequences have been observed to be represented in working memory. On the basis of 6 experiments on the ordinal position effect, they conclude that serial order in working memory is spatial by nature only if the memoranda are processed semantically. In this commentary we explain why we feel that Ginsburg et al.’s (2017) conclusions are premature, and how they inspire specific guidelines for a more optimal study of ´spatialization´ for serial order in working memory.
Pathways to Ethnic-Racial Identity Development and Psychological Adjustment: The Differential Associations of Cultural Socialization by Parents and Peers
Authors: Nelson Sarah C. , Syed Moin , Tran Alisia G. T. T. , Hu Alison W. , Lee Richard M.
Published: July 2018

Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development is a central developmental process for youth of color. Although a great deal of research establishes the importance of cultural socialization by parents to the development of ERI, limited empirical work has examined peers’ role in these processes. This study uses four cross-sectional data sets (N = 127, 312, 257, and 238, mean age = 17.96 -18.24) followed by a meta-analytic summary to test a path model of ERI development and parent and peer cultural socialization and their associations with psychological adjustment in a diverse sample of emerging adults. The final sample size adjusted meta-analytic model indicated that parent ethnic socialization predicted both ERI exploration and commitment while only peer preparation for bias predicted ERI commitment. In turn, ERI commitment and exploration predicted more positive mental health. The findings of this study highlight the importance of both parents and peers to cultural socialization processes during emerging adulthood. In particular, this study suggests that the messages peers impart about prejudice play a unique role in the development of ERI. The findings have important implications about the unique role peers play in communicating messages about prejudice as well as for ERI and the psychological adjustment of youth of color at this developmental stage. Additionally, these cross-sectional findings provide a preliminary but robust model from which researchers can frame future longitudinal work in this area.
Sample size calculations in economic RCTs: following clinical studies?
Authors: Gruener Sven
Published: July 2018

Clinical studies and economic experiments are often conducted utilizing randomized controlled trials. In contrast to clinical drug trials, sample size calculation has rarely been carried out by experimental economists. Using simple examples for illustration purposes, I discuss pros and cons of using sample size calculations in experimental economics.
The Components of Urban Growth in Developing Countries
Authors: Stecklov Guy
Published: July 2018

This report is concerned with the question of what share of urban population growth is due to natural increase and what share is due to rural to urban migration flows. This question is particularly salient in developing countries, where more of the world’s population growth is occurring and where urbanization trends are the fastest. This study revisits the issue of the driving mechanism for urban growth, aiming to assess the relative contribution of natural increase and rural to urban migration. This issue has been considered in two prior publications of the United Nations. The first provided both a broader discussion of urban and rural population growth more generally, as well as a presentation of the method for studying the components of urban growth using the Census Survival Ratio Method (United Nations 1980). The second report continued the analysis on the components to urban growth with the same basic methodology and using updated data from a larger number of countries (United Nations 2001). The current study greatly expands the empirical range by including data on 248 censuses from 76 countries. We focus attention on certain specific assumptions underlying the methodology. In particular, we examine the methodological limitations to help to understand the extent to which the overall assessment of the components of growth may (or may not) be affected by these assumptions. These additional analyses provide further insight into the sensitivity of estimates of the components of urban growth.
From privilege to prevalence: contextual effects of women's schooling on African marital timing
Authors: Frye Margaret , Lopus Sara
Published: July 2018

In Africa and elsewhere, educated women tend to marry later than their less educated peers. Beyond being an attribute of individual women, education is also an aggregate phenomenon: the social meaning of a woman’s educational attainment depends on the educational attainments of her agemates. Using data from 30 countries and 246 birth cohorts across sub-Saharan Africa, we investigate the impact of educational context (the percent of women in a country cohort who ever attended school) on the relationship between a woman’s own educational attainment and her marital timing. In contexts where access to education is prevalent, the marital timing of uneducated and highly-educated women is more similar than it is in contexts where attending school is limited to a privileged minority. This across-country convergence is driven by no-education women marrying later in high-education contexts, especially through lower rates of very early marriages. However, within countries over time, the marital ages of women from different educational groups tend to diverge as educational access expands. This within-country divergence is most often driven by later marriage among highly-educated women, although some countries’ divergence is driven by earlier marriage among women who never attended school.