bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dog brains are sensitive to infant- and dog-directed prosody
Authors: Gergely Anna , Gábor Anna , Gácsi Márta , Kis Anna , Czeibert Kálmán , Topál József , Andics Attila
Published: August 2023

When addressing preverbal infants and family dogs, people tend to use specific speech styles. While recent studies suggest acoustic parallels between infant- and dog-directed speech, it is unclear whether dogs, like infants, show enhanced neural sensitivity to prosodic aspects of speech directed to them. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging on awake unrestrained dogs we identify two non-primary auditory regions, one that involve the ventralmost part of the left caudal Sylvian gyrus and the temporal pole and the other at the transition of the left caudal and rostral Sylvian gyrus, which respond more to naturalistic dog- and/or infant-directed speech than to adult-directed speech, especially when speak by female speakers. This activity increase is driven by sensitivity to fundamental frequency mean and variance resulting in positive modulatory effects of these acoustic parameters in both aforementioned non-primary auditory regions. These findings show that the dog auditory cortex, similarly to that of human infants, is sensitive to the acoustic properties of speech directed to non-speaking partners. This increased neuronal responsiveness to exaggerated prosody may be one reason why dogs outperform other animals when processing speech.
GSH-depleting metal–polyphenol-network nanoparticles with dual enzyme activities induce enhanced ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Wen-Xin , Li You , Ke Di , Gao Yi-Ru , Fei Teng , Wang Guo-Qing , Shu Yang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: August 2023

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death.
Structural evolution of water-in-propylene carbonate mixtures revealed by polarized Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics
Authors: Clark Jessica B. , Bowling-Charles Tai , Proma Shamma Jabeen , Biswas Biswajit , Limmer David T. , Allen Heather C.
Published: August 2023

Combined polarized Raman and MD simulation studies demonstrate that water undergoes increasing aggregation in mixtures with propylene carbonate as its concentration is increased.
Correction: The reaction of acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium: a DFT mechanistic study of green production of amides
Authors: Casella Girolamo , Carlotto Silvia , Ribeiro Ana P. C. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S.
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘The reaction of acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium: a DFT mechanistic study of green production of amides’ by Girolamo Casella et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp02024j.
Plasmonic-driven charge separation through combining Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to form a double Z-scheme heterostructure in WO3/BiOCl/g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics
Authors: Liu Zhangmeng , Yao Shuaiqi , Li Yayao
Published: August 2023

Integrating a heterojunction system with the impact of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an executable and innovative tactic for photocatalyst amelioration.
La-doped NiWO4 coupled with reduced graphene oxide for effective electrochemical determination of diphenylamine
Authors: Li Yanan , Zheng Jiqi , Yan Jiaze , Liu Yanyan , Guo Ming , Zhang Yifu , Meng Changgong
Published: August 2023

La-doped NiWO4 nanocomposites were coupled with rGO nanosheets and modified on a glassy carbon electrode to fabricate an electrochemical sensor that can effectively detect DPA.
Detailed-balance limits for sunlight-to-protonic energy conversion from aqueous photoacids and photobases based on reversible mass-action kinetics
Authors: Phun Gabriel S. , Bhide Rohit , Ardo Shane
Published: August 2023

(Photo)chemical and photophysical detailed balance analyses are used to predict optimal properties and efficiency limits for sunlight-to-protonic energy conversion from aqueous photoacids or photobases.
The heterogeneous diffusion of polystyrene nanoparticles and the effect on the expression of quorum-sensing genes and EPS production as a function of particle charge and biofilm age
Authors: Rodríguez-Suárez Joann M. , Gershenson Anne , Onuh Timothy U. , Butler Caitlyn S.
Published: August 2023

Biofilms are abundantly present in both natural and engineered environmental systems and will likely influence broader particle fate and transport phenomena.
The properties and efficacy of S-nZVI as a remediation agent in response to its preparation process and reaction conditions: a truth from meta-analysis
Authors: Qie Hantong , Liu Meng , Hou Daibing , Cui Xuedan , Yu Dayang , Lin Aijun , Yang Wenjie , Cui Jun
Published: August 2023

The influence of the preparation process (sulfurization method, sulfur reagents, and S/Fe molar ratio) and the decontamination conditions (initial pH value, and temperature) on the decontamination effect was quantitatively evaluated by meta-analysis.
Defining the size ranges of polystyrene nanoplastics according to their ability to cross biological barriers
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Sun Jiaqi , Zhou Lingfeng , Teng Miaomiao , Zhao Lihui , Li Yunxia , Wu Fengchang
Published: August 2023

We systematically describe the adverse effects of polystyrene nanoplastics of different sizes penetrating biological barriers, which provides a sufficiently accurate definition of the size range of nanoplastics.
Correction: Dietary l-tryptophan alleviated LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating tight junctions in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model
Authors: Chen Mengdie , Liu Yuyu , Xiong Shanbai , Wu Moucheng , Li Bin , Ruan Zheng , Hu Xiaobo
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Dietary l-tryptophan alleviated LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating tight junctions in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model’ by Mengdie Chen et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 2390–2398, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO00123A.
Progress in magnetic particle imaging signal and iron quantification methods in vivo – application to long circulating SPIONs
Authors: Tashkandi Jurie , Brkljača Robert , Alt Karen
Published: August 2023

In MPI research there is no standardized method to quantify SPIONs in vivo, causing inaccurate comparisons between studies. This work compares ROI selection methods of MPI scans for accurate signal and iron quantification of SPIONs in circulation.
A cooperation tale of biomolecules and nanomaterials in nanoscale chiral sensing and separation
Authors: Hong Tingting , Zhou Wenhu , Tan Songwen , Cai Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

A cooperation tale of biomolecules and nanomaterials in nanoscale chiral sensing and separation.
Electrochemical evaluation of AZ31 Mg alloy in corrosion protection of titanium silicon oxide from Earle's solution
Authors: Kalaiyarasan M. , Rajendran N.
Published: August 2023

A titanium silica oxide coating was fabricated on AZ31 Mg by the EPD method at different durations. The coating was found to be effective in reducing the degradation rate and enhancing the biocompatibility.
Revealing the contributions of DFT to the spectral interpretation for an amino benzoyl thiourea derivative: Insights into experimental studies from theoretical perspectives, and biological evaluation
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed M. , Haiba Nesreen S. , Awad Mohamed K. , Teleb Mohamed , Atlam Faten M.
Published: August 2023

2-Amino-N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)benzamide (APCB), an amino benzoyl thiourea derivative, was synthesized via ring opening nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Highly stretchable hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Luu Thien Trung , Huynh Nghia Dinh , Kim Hakjeong , Lin Zong-Hong , Choi Dukhyun
Published: August 2023

Here, we present a highly stretchable hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite for use in triboelectric nanogenerators with excellent performance output.
Three dimensional high-performance micro-supercapacitors with switchable high power density and high energy density
Authors: Wang Kuangbing , Nie Bangbang , Su Ni , Lv Benkun , Song Huiqian , Qi Guochen , Zhang Yudong , Qiu Jingjiang , Wei Ronghan
Published: August 2023

Micro-supercapacitors with switchable high energy density and high power density based on the Faraday reaction and electrical double layer principle.
Retraction: Radio-photothermal therapy mediated by a single compartment nanoplatform depletes tumor initiating cells and reduces lung metastasis in the orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor model
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhao Jun , Tian Mei , Song Shaoli , Zhang Rui , Gupta Sanjay , Tan Dongfeng , Shen Haifa , Ferrari Mauro , Li Chun
Published: August 2023

Retraction of ‘Radio-photothermal therapy mediated by a single compartment nanoplatform depletes tumor initiating cells and reduces lung metastasis in the orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor model’ by Min Zhou et al., Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 19438–19447, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR04587H.
Butterflyene: an entry into an aesthetically pleasing carbocycle via a Diels–Alder reaction on a tetrasubstituted olefin
Authors: Bhatt Gaurang J. , Deota Pradeep T. , Som Narayan N. , Shah Darshil
Published: August 2023

An aesthetically pleasing prototype decacyclic ring system resembling the shape of a butterfly has been synthesized in four simple steps. Diels–Alder reactions on a tetrasubstituted double bond give rise to the formation of its analogues.
Synthesis of fused 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via base-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile imines and 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiols
Authors: Cen Kaili , Wei Jiahao , Feng Yuting , Liu Yuan , Wang Xinye , Liu Yangyu , Yin Yalin , Yu Junhong , Wang Dahan , Cai Jinhui
Published: August 2023

This work describes the facile synthesis of fused 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via triethylamine-promoted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile imines with 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiols.
Long-persistent far-UVC light emission in Pr3+-doped Sr2P2O7 phosphor for microbial sterilization
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yan Shao , Xiao Fang , Shan Xihui , Lv Xulong , Wang Weili , Liang Yanjie
Published: August 2023

Intense UVC afterglow from a Sr2P2O7:Pr3+ phosphor can effectively inactivate infectious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which offers new insights into developing deep-UV-light sources for sterilization applications.
Na6Sn3P4S16: Sn(ii)-chelated PS4 groups inspired an ultra-strong SHG response
Authors: Zhao Chenyao , Zhang Bingbing , Tian Xinyu , Zhou Guoqiang , Xu Jingjing , Wu Kui
Published: August 2023

Na6Sn3P4S16 IR NLO thiophosphate exhibiting ultra-strong SHG response is originated from the collaborative polarization of edge-sharing SnS4 and PS4 units.
Correction: Highly efficient dual-state emission and two-photon absorption of novel naphthalimide functionalized cyanostilbene derivatives with finely tuned terminal alkoxyl groups
Authors: Ni Yingyong , Yang Longmei , Kong Lin , Wang Chengyuan , Zhang Qichun , Yang Jiaxiang
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Highly efficient dual-state emission and two-photon absorption of novel naphthalimide functionalized cyanostilbene derivatives with finely tuned terminal alkoxyl groups’ by Yingyong Ni et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2022, 6, 3522–3530, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QM00937D.
Efficient and stereoselective synthesis of sugar fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones as anticancer agents
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sahu Ram Krishna , Kumari Priti , Maity Jyotirmoy , Kumar Binayak , Chhatwal Rajni Johar , Singh Brajendra K. , Prasad Ashok K.
Published: August 2023

A highly stereoselective, efficient and facile route was achieved for the synthesis of novel and biochemically potent sugar fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranone derivatives starting from inexpensive, naturally occurring d-galactose and d-glucose.
Boosting functional properties of active-CMC films reinforced with agricultural residues-derived cellulose nanofibres
Authors: Rincón Esther , De Haro-Niza Jorge , Morcillo-Martín Ramón , Espinosa Eduardo , Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: August 2023

(L)CNF from horticultural residues or vine shoots improve the structural integrity of CMC films for food packaging. Gallic acid incorporation allows obtaining active films with enhanced UV-light barrier, high antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities.
Construction of an optical sensor for copper determination in environmental, food, and biological samples based on the covalently immobilized 2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-3-hydroxyphenol in agarose
Authors: Aish Mai , Alshehri Reem F. , Amin Alaa S.
Published: August 2023

An optical chemical sensor has been developed for the quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of copper.
AlCl3@ZnO nanostructured material: an efficient green catalyst for the one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Shinde Santosh T. , Kanade Kaluram G. , Gawade Ramesh B. , Hinge Vikram B. , Shinde Manish D. , Bankar Digambar B. , Thorat Nitin M. , Amalnerkar Dinesh P.
Published: August 2023

The one-pot green synthesis of 1,4 dihydropyridines using nanostructured AlCl3@ZnO under solvent-free ambient temperature conditions has been effectively accomplished. The proposed reaction protocol is sustainable, environmentally-friendly and offers economic viability.
Study on the relationships between the oil HLB value and emulsion stabilization
Authors: Wang Qiuxia , Zhang Hongwen , Han Yugui , Cui Yu , Han Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

Relationship between the HLB value of oil and emulsion stabilization is studied. When the HLB value of the emulsification system was close to that of oil, the emulsion exhibited the best stability.
Design, synthesis, anticancer and in silico assessment of 8-piperazinyl caffeinyl-triazolylmethyl hybrid conjugates
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Behrouz Somayeh , Shahbazkhani Kiana , Behrouz Marzieh , Zarenezhad Elham , Ghanbariasad Ali
Published: August 2023

Design, synthesis, anticancer, docking, and in silico assessment for 8-piperazinyl caffeinyl-triazolylmethyl hybrid conjugates are explained. These compounds have satisfactory activities against melanoma and breast cancer cell lines.
An ultrahigh mass-loading integrated high coulombic efficiency Si–graphite electrode for high-energy-density lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhu Yi , Zhang Xiandi , Hu Fanglin , Zhao Wengao , Du Jianxuan , Xue Shuyue , Li Peng , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: August 2023

A tailored silicon electrode with a tough graphite framework, optimized heteroatom penetration and rational binder engineering shows impressive lithium storage capability.
Amorphous CoB layer cooperates with piezoelectric polarization to boost carrier separation of Bi2WO6 for efficient piezo-PEC performance
Authors: You Jingke , Chen Xingfei , Liu Zhifeng , Guo Zhengang , Ruan Mengnan
Published: August 2023

The presence of an amorphous CoB layer accelerates the charge transport and water oxidation kinetics, resulting in a greatly enhanced photocurrent.
Force transmission during repose of flexible granular chains
Authors: Bhat Mohd Ilyas , Sharma Prerna , Sitharam T. G. , Murthy Tejas G.
Published: August 2023

We study the mechanics of standing columns formed during the repose of flexible granular chains.
Crack propagation and arrests in gelatin hydrogels are linked to tip curvatures
Authors: Shrivastava Anshul , M. Supreeth , Gundiah Namrata
Published: August 2023

Gelatin hydrogels are attractive scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications as they provide motifs for cell attachment, undergo large deformations, and are tunable.
Construction of desert rose flower-shaped NiFe LDH-Ni3S2 heterostructures via seawater corrosion engineering for efficient water-urea splitting and seawater utilization
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Hui , Yu Zhi-Ran , Zhang Yi , Barras Alexandre , Addad Ahmed , Roussel Pascal , Tang Long-Cheng , Naushad Mu. , Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: August 2023

A desert rose flower-shaped NiFe LDH-Ni3S2 heterostructure was prepared by seawater corrosion engineering technique and applied for efficient water-urea splitting and seawater utilization.
Recent advances in MXenes: a future of nanotechnologies
Authors: Khan Karim , Tareen Ayesha Khan , Iqbal Muhammad , Hussain Iftikhar , Mahmood Asif , Khan Usman , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Zhang Han , Xie Zhongjian
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are amongst the most interesting scientific research materials in the twenty-first century.
Triboelectric nanogenerator assisted synthesis and detection of chemical compounds
Authors: Tushar Shariful Islam , Sayam Abdullah , Uddin Md Mazbah , Dip Tanvir Mahady , Anik Habibur Rahman , Aktar Arin Md. Reasat , Sharma Suraj
Published: August 2023

This article comprehensively reviews the recent progress in chemical compound synthesis and detection using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Current limitations and challenges important for future development in these fields were also addressed.
Ultralow platinum catalysts for high performance fuel cells: in situ encapsulation of platinum atoms and CoPt3 in 3D hollow nanoshells
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Ming Pingwen , Li Bing , Zhang Cunman
Published: August 2023

Reducing the use of platinum is urgently needed while maintaining the activity and stability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Highly crystalline and robust covalent organic framework membranes for predictable solvent transport and molecular separation
Authors: Guo Hukang , Jiang Jianxiao , Fang Chuanjie , Zhu Liping
Published: August 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well-ordered nanopores and stable structures have excited exponential interest as potent membrane platforms for molecular separation in organic solvent systems.
CoV2O6 coupled with MXenes as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Huang Yin , Xu Guangzheng , Huang Xiaoyu , Wu Hao , Wang Xiuhua
Published: August 2023

The produced Co2V2O6·2H2O/ZIF-L@MXene/NF exhibits superior OER and HER activity in alkaline solution. Further Co2V2O6·2H2O/ZIF-L@MXene/NF is provided by a 1.5 V electrolyzer driven by a solar cell.
Design, synthesis and application of tetraphenylbenzene-based blue organic electroluminescent materials with aggregation-induced emission and hot exciton properties
Authors: Dong Xiaorui , Cao Yinpeng , Dong Xiuqing , Huo Jinnan , Shi Heping
Published: August 2023

A pair of TPB-based deep blue isomers, TPB-CN-CZ1 and TPB-CN-CZ2, with AIE-hot exciton properties have been designed and synthesized. A TPB-CN-CZ2-based non-doped OLED shows a satisfactory EQEmax of 11.8% with an efficiency roll-off of only 6%.
Carbazole-benzonitrile derivatives as universal hosts for triplet-harvesting blue organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jeong Sook Hee , Kim Seung Chan , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: August 2023

In this study, we proposed two carbazole-benzonitrile-based bipolar hosts, namely 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenoxy)benzonitrile and 2,6-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenoxy)benzonitrile, for improving the efficiency of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
Synthesis, optical and redox attributes of core-/bay-substituted thionated NDIs, PDIs and their diverse radical anions
Authors: Mandal Kalyanashis , Yadav Devendra , Saini Poonam , Mukhopadhyay Pritam
Published: August 2023

Synthesis of thirteen diversely functionalized NDIs/PDIs and their radical anions are shown with a large increase in the radical anion stability with the extent of thionation, and hold promise as new open-shell NIR absorbers and redox-catalysts.
Dithiene-fused quinoxalineimide-based all-acceptor polymers for n-type organic semiconductors
Authors: Tu Lijun , Wang Hao , Li Xiangya , Wang Xin , Li Mingwei , Wang Yang , Shi Yongqiang
Published: August 2023

Integration of bithiophene imide (BTI) and quinoxaline (Qx) units into a new electron-deficient building block, dithiene-fused quinoxalineimide (DTQI), is an effective strategy for constructing n-type polymer semiconductors.
Super-additive interaction of homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity in a hot electron transfer optosynapse for visual sensing memory and logic operations
Authors: Shih Li-Chung , Chen Kuan-Ting , Mao Shi-Cheng , Huang Ya-Chi , Chu Fang-Jui , Liu Tzu-Hsiang , Cheng Wen-Hui , Chen Jen-Sue
Published: August 2023

A ZTO/Au NPs heterostructure optosynaptic device proving the super-additivity of homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity is offered for visual and logical functions based on the light-bias coupling effect and hot electron transfer.
The influence of nitrogen doping of the acceptor in orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and OLEDs
Authors: Si Changfeng , Hu Ya-Nan , Sun Dianming , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: August 2023

We have developed a family of four orange-to-red TADF compounds whose structures differ by the number of nitrogen atoms contained within the acceptor. It was found that increasing the nitrogen atom content results in a more stabilized LUMO, a smaller ΔESTand fasterkRISC.
Normative Values for Word Syllable Duration With Interpretation in a Large Sample of Stroke Survivors With Aphasia
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam , Kim Soomin , Rodriguez Marcia , Johnson Lorelei P.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Slow speech rate and abnormal temporal prosody are primary diagnostic criteria for differentiating between people with aphasia who do and do not have apraxia of speech. We sought to identify appropriate cutoff values for abnormal word syllable duration (WSD) in a word repetition task, interpret them relative to a data set of people with chronic aphasia, and evaluate the extent to which manually derived measures could be approximated through an automated process that relied on commercial speech recognition technology.

Method:

Fifty neurotypical participants produced 49 multisyllabic words during a repetition task. Audio recordings were submitted to an automated speech recognition (ASR) service (IBM Watson) to measure word duration and generate an orthographic transcription. The transcribed words were compared to a lexical database, and the number of syllables was identified. Automatic and manual measures were compared for 50% of the sample. Results were interpreted relative to WSD scores from an existing data set of 195 people with mostly chronic aphasia.

Results:

ASR correctly identified 83% of target words and 98% of target syllable counts. Automated word duration calculations were longer than manual measures due to imprecise cursor placement. Upon applying regression coefficients to the automated measures and examining the frequency distributions for both manual and estimated measures, a WSD of 303–316 ms was found to indicate longer-than-normal performance (corresponding to the 95th percentile). With this cutoff, 40%–45% of participants with aphasia in our comparison sample had an abnormally long WSD.

Conclusions:

We recommend using a rounded WSD cutoff score between 303 and 316 ms for manual measures. Future research will focus on customizing automated WSD methods to speech samples from people with aphasia, identifying target words that maximize production and measurement reliability, and developing WSD standard scores based on a large participant sample with and without aphasia.
HST-1 as a window into the energetics of the jet spine of M 87
Authors: Punsly B.
Published: August 2023

We present a new interpretation of the optical knot, HST-1, in the jet of M 87. High-sensitivity 22 GHz Very Large Array images have located HST-1 to within 6 mas of the jet axis immediately upstream. Based on 1.7 GHz Very Long Baseline Array images of a bright flare in 2005, we see that preponderance of emission in the early stages originates from an elongated region that is tilted 12.5° from the jet axis. The superluminal motion, shape, location, and the large jet-aligned optical/UV polarization suggest an identification with the putative relativistic spine of the jet. As such, energy flux estimates for HST-1, ∼870 mas from the nucleus, published in 2006, indicate that the central engine injected, Qspine ≈ 2.5 × 1041 ergs s−1, into the base of the spine about 200 yr earlier. Furthermore, previous studies have revealed a tubular protonic jet on sub-mas scales that envelopes a low luminosity core, presumably the faint spine base. It was estimated that the central engine injected, Qtubular jet ≈ 6.1 × 1041 ergs s−1, about 1.5 yr earlier. If one component of the jet is inherently more powerful, a firm constraint on total jet power in the recent past would then exist. If the emitted jet is inherently dominated by the spine (tubular jet), then the total bilaterally symmetric jet power emitted from the central engine was < 4Qspine ≈ 1.0 × 1042 ergs s−1 (< 4Qtubular jet ≈ 2.4 × 1042 ergs s−1) ∼200 (∼1.5) yr earlier. Assuming a nearly constant central engine injected jet power for ∼200 yr indicates a total jet power of ≲2 × 1042 ergs s−1 in epochs of modern observation or ≲3.5% jet production efficiency for an accretion rate of 0.001 M⊙ yr−1. Seemingly, the focus of Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHTC) numerical models should be biased toward jet powers of ≲2 × 1042 ergs s−1, as opposed to larger estimates from ejections many centuries or millennia earlier.
Keynote lecture. Granular flows
Authors: Pouliquen Olivier
Published: August 2023

Our understanding of granular flows has progressed considerably over the past two decades. In this talk, I will first review the advances made in the rheology of dense granular media based on the concept of pressure-imposed rheology, discussing the different regimes, from viscous to inertial. I will also illustrate how these rheological descriptions can be used in a two-phase flow approach to model more complex flow configurations, at least in simple small scaled experiments mimicking granular avalanche flows. Can these advances help describe and predict debris flows, is not an easy question, which I will try to discuss by pointing out the limitations and robustness of the rheological models.
Keynote lecture. The planar setup: A window through the complex interactions in granular flows
Authors: Cabrera Miguel , Cote Laura , Caro Santiago
Published: August 2023

Granular flows are a complex process, involving a wide range of grain sizes, materials, varied viscous fluids, among others. For this reason, the simulation of granular flows requires a certain level of simplification, allowing the isolated study of its governing variables and extending the global observations to field events. Here, we present the planar setup as an alternative for studying simplified processes associated to granular flows. The planar setup consists of two windows separated by a thin gap and enclosing a granular assembly. We present two examples where the planar setup is adapted for the study of the competing action of segregation and disaggregation in a fractured grain under shear flow, and for the study of the stability scenarios of a flow impacting a permeable obstacle. The close visualization of the kinematics at the particle scale provides an ideal opportunity for describing the mechanisms behind the grain disaggregation or controlling the obstacle stability. Both examples highlight the advantages of the planar setup for the study of granular flows.
A Simplex Multi-Phase Approach for Modelling Debris Flows in Smoothed-Terrain-Following Coordinate System
Authors: Tai Yih-Chin , Wong Hock-Kiet , Ma Ching-Yuan
Published: August 2023

Herewith we present a multi-phase model for debris flows, of which the flow body is supposed to be composed of water, fine sediment (clay/silt) and grains. The rheology of debris flows varies due to the dynamical variation of the composition concentrations. In the present study the component of silt/clay is an individual phase, and its concentration plays a key role in determining the rheology of the interstitial fluid. Hence, there are three phases in the mixture, the grain phase, the clay phase and the water phase from the viewpoint of mass conservation. Only the grain phase and fluid phase are considered in the momentum conservation, since the clay is suspended in the fluid and the relative motion is negligible within the interstitial fluid. The grain constituent is treated as a frictional Coulomb-like continuum, and the viscosity of the interstitial depends on the clay concentration. The resultant models are given in a smoothed-terrain-following coordinate system, a compromise between the constraint of shallow curvature for the terrain-fitting coordinate system and retaining the high resolution of the topography. The numerical implementation is developed with the CUDA-library for GPU-high-performance computations. The feasibility and applicability will be presented by back calculation of a historical event.
Performance of the debris flow alarm system ALMOND-F on the Rochefort Torrent (Val d’Aosta) on August 5, 2022
Authors: Arattano Massimo , Chiarle Marta , Coviello Velio , Nigrelli Guido
Published: August 2023

On August 5, 2022 in the Rochefort torrent (Val Ferret, Mont Blanc), a debris flow occurred that invaded the road connecting the valley with the village of Courmayeur. The debris flow interrupted the car traffic and damaged the bridge that crosses the torrent and the aqueduct that serves the municipality of Courmayeur. Due to the recurrence of similar events, in 2017 the Valle d’Aosta Region had decided to install a monitoring and warning system for debris flows, close to the bridge on the Rochefort torrent, to interrupt the traffic in both directions through a pair of traffic lights in case of debris flow. The system, named ALMOND-F (ALarm and MONitoring system for Debris-Flow), has been installed along the torrent, few tens of meters upstream of the bridge. ALMOND-F adopts a warning algorithm that is based on the variation of the seismic signal intensity produced by debris flows and that had been thoroughly tested in previous years in the instrumented area of the Gadria basin. On August 5, 2022 the warning system activated the traffic lights and stopped the traffic about three minutes before the debris flow invaded the road. It is the first time that the ALMOND-F system is utilized in a real risk situation to protect the population, after some years of controlled tests carried out in an instrumented area. Even though this represents an undoubted technological success, the installation of ALMOND-F requires several issues to be addressed to grant the highest level of safety. For instance, the presence of other active debris-flow channels and/or natural risks in the same valley may represent a limitation to the installation of a site-specific alarm system. The installation of the Rochefort torrent, opportunely optimized also on the basis of the feedbacks of the August 5, 2022 debris flow event, could become a useful case study and so provide indications and suggestions on the mitigation of the debris flow risk through the use of warning systems.
Post-wildfire erosion rates and triggering of debris flows: A case study in Susa Valley (Bussoleno)
Authors: Mandrone Giuseppe , Vacha Damiano , Chicco Jessica
Published: August 2023

Post-wildfires geological hazards are an emerging problem in many places, including areas not typically associated with these events such as the Alpine Region. Hazards connected with post-fire processes such as debris-flows and flood-type events threatens people, infrastructures, services and economical activities. Apart from a few examples, there is a lack of models available to quantify the increase in susceptibility as a result of the modification induced by the wildfires. In this work we test the application of a modified version of the RUSLE, on GIS, to quantify the post-fire erosive phenomena for a case study in the north-western Italian Alps. The results of its application, taking advantage of high-resolution rainfall series and data deriving from field surveys, highlight the marked increase (more than 20 times) in erosion rates, quantified by expressing both the EI (erodibility index), the A (monthly soil loss) and the SL (monthly sediment loss) rise. The months of April, May and June represents the larger share of the total quantities. This is a consequence of the noticeable increase of the Erodibility Index EI, which for the post-fire scenario is more than one order of magnitude higher than the pre-fire one.
Hydrologic-hydraulic modelling in the Vezza catchment (Alpi Apuane, Italy): An area prone to flash floods and debris flows
Authors: Amaddii Michele , Rosatti Giorgio , Zugliani Daniel , Weihermüller Lutz , Brogi Cosimo , Rahmati Mehdi , Fantozzi Pier Lorenzo , Disperati Leonardo
Published: August 2023

The Alpi Apuane (Italy) are located a few kilometres from the coast of the Ligurian Sea, and they are characterized by peak elevations up to two thousand meters above sea level, as well as narrow, deeply incised valleys and steep slopes. Due to these morphoclimatic conditions, heavy rains are frequent, causing floods, landslides, and debris flows, particularly within the Vezza catchment. In this work we applied two different hydrological-hydraulic models to this catchment, focusing on the catastrophic debris flow event of June 19, 1996. Firstly, recent, well-documented rainfall events were used to validate the engineering geological model of the study area, then we began to analyse the rainfall-runoff and debris flow event of 1996 in the Cardoso sub-catchment. As models, we used the FLO-2D and a novel experimental model, developed by some of the authors and based on TRENT2D, in which the dynamic of a debris flow is fully coupled with the rainfall-runoff response of a basin. Preliminary results show how the used approach allowed us to gain some insight into the hydrological behaviour and debris flows formation, erosion, transport, and deposition in the Cardoso sub-catchment.
Keynote lecture. Towards reliability-management for debris flow risk assessment
Authors: Kowalski Julia , Zhao Hu , Yildiz Anil
Published: August 2023

Recent progress in data-integrated simulation methods excelled our understanding of debris flows including triggering mechanisms and dynamic run-out behavior. Research groups and geohazard practitioners worldwide successfully integrate advanced simulations into workflows for hazard mapping. However, many challenges remain in predictively applying such tools for accepted decision support. One reason is our lack of a systematic approach to managing the simulations’ reliability. In this contribution, we present results on an investigation to which extent the choice of data used for calibration influences the simulation’s reliability. We start with introducing building blocks of a modular and extendible data-integrated debris flow simulation toolchain developed by our group. Next, we introduce reliability as one quality measure of a holistic debris flow simulation and discuss how it can be assessed. Based on a synthetic example, we then show how different types of observed calibration data, such as impact area, deposit volume or localized velocity measurements impacts on the subsequent forward simulation’s posterior probability distribution, hence the simulation’s reliability. We conclude by discussing how linking a debris flow simulation’s reliability to type, scope and resolution of the calibration data could offer a novel pathway towards reliability management for debris flow risk assessment.
Application of physical models to improve the mitigation structures of debris flow in a case study
Authors: Farshi Davood , Suter Dany
Published: August 2023

Debris flows are a phenomenon in mountains areas, where a large amount of mobile rock material, large amounts of water and steep slopes meet together. They are characterized by high capacity of sediment transport, high concentration of sediment with wide range of grain sizes and high front-velocity. To improve the protection measures against debris flow, it is necessary to know the processes of debris flows and its interaction with structures of the measures. By investigation of the mitigation structures in experimental scaled physical models it is possible to understand the functionality of the structures under different scenarios as well as optimization of the structures. For the protection of the counties Agarn und Leuk in Valais in Switzerland a multi-level debris flow basin system has been designed. By means the physical model in scale of 1:55 the functionality and the dimensions as well as the details of the structures could be optimized.
Sediment control and logs capturing in sand pocket with combination of sabo dam with large conduit and iron bars
Authors: Watabe Haruki , Tagata Satoshi , Yuzawa Tatsuki , Itoh Takahiro
Published: August 2023

In the Otoishi River, a tributary on right side of the Akatani River in the Chikugo River basin, a large amount of sediment and woody debris were deposited on riverbed due to the sediment disaster caused by the heavy rainfall in northern part of Kyushu Region on 5th to 6th July in 2017. As one of countermeasures to control the outflow of sediment and woody debris to the Akatani River, a sand pocket is planned with the sabo dam with large conduit parts and the log broom works. In this study, hydraulic model test and flume test were carried out to obtain knowledges for design of the sand pocket. Iron bars are installed vertically at the upstream front of the large conduit parts for capturing sediment and logs, and those intervals are desirable to be set in consideration of sediment diameter and sediment movement without the dam. Besides, it is necessary to consider capturing function and flow characteristics such as shockwave when the log broom works is planned in setting of layout and dimensions.
Modelling of debris-flow deposition: Terrain slope, mobility coefficient, and back-calculated basal friction coefficient
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter , Scheidl Christian
Published: August 2023

Numerous simulation models have become available for the hazard delineation of gravitational mass movements such as debris flows in the potential depositional area. This study compares the basal friction coefficients of two modelling approaches as they have been used in other studies to simulate mass movement deposition. We show that both back-calculated basal friction coefficients are related to the fan or terrain slope in the deposition region and to a mass flow mobility coefficient. The latter is characterized by the geometric scaling between the deposition area and the deposition volume as well as by process type. Intended as a preliminary study, we aim to initiate systematic investigations of different model applications to determine the runout pattern of mass movement processes, that could provide guidance for appropriate parameter selection.
Preface
Authors: Tekouabou Stephane C. K. , Chenal Jerome , Diop El Bachir , Azmi Rida
Published: August 2023

From the search for funding for this conference, through the various preparations, scientific contributions and evaluations, to the organization and preparation of these conference proceedings, an international scientific committee with a diverse profile has been mobilized. For our first edition, we are publishing almost 29 articles selected by this international scientific committee among 74 submitted paper, from over 12 countries. This document constitutes a complete state-ofthe-art review of the issue of African cities, approached as digital and smart cities, in relation to territorial, social and technological issues, as well as governance and financing. It presents the best innovative technological and management solutions related to the digital and smart city as an alternative to the urban challenges of African cities.
Exploring the Relationship between Infrastructure and Entrepreneurial Development in BRICS Countries “PMGARDL” approach
Authors: Azmi Kamal , Azmi Rida
Published: August 2023

This article examines the significance of infrastructure in the emergence and development of entrepreneurship, focusing on policies and their interaction with other public support programs. The central issue is to emphasize the importance of considering various types and specificities of infrastructure. The article posits multiple hypotheses regarding the impact of infrastructure on entrepreneurship, with an emphasis on long-term influence. It assumes that incorporating infrastructure into public policies is essential for fostering entrepreneurial growth. Additionally, it suggests that diverse types of infrastructure play a crucial role in the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem, particularly in technology sectors.

The methodology employed in this study is based on the PMG-ARDL method. Researchers used the “TEA” proxy to measure entrepreneurial dynamics and examine the impact of specific infrastructure characteristics. The sample consists of data from BRICS countries, enabling comparisons across institutional contexts and development levels.

The main contributions of this study lie in highlighting the importance of infrastructure for entrepreneurship, especially in the long term. Results suggest that public policies should pay special attention to planning and improving infrastructure to energize the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The research also underscores the need for developing new indices to better measure the various specificities of infrastructure.
Ultrafiltration/Hemodialysis During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Report
Authors: Niles Scott D. , Sutton Robin G. , Embrey Richard P.
Published: August 2023

Patient demographics for elective cardiovascular surgery have shifted toward older patients with more profound disease states. Cardiopulmonary bypass is complicated when the patient presents with end stage renal disease. Hemodialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass has been successfully employed to reduce the postoperative sequelae associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. A patient with end stage renal disease who presented for coronary artery bypass grafting serves as the subject of this case report. Utilizing a modified technique previously described by Wiggins and Dearing, we describe successful intraoperative use of hemodialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass. Our experience suggests that hemodialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass is an effective alternative to ultrafiltration and may prolong the time interval for resumption of postoperative dialysis regimens.
Centrifugal Pumping: The Patient Outcome Benefits Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: DeBois William J. , Brennan Robin , Wein Elizabeth , Wayne Isom O. , Gold Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2023

The increased use of the centrifugal pump during coronary artery bypass surgery has been based primarily on theoretical data related to patient safety. There is minimal evidence suggesting improved outcome when compared to the traditional roller pump technology. We prospectively randomized 200 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting into centrifugal pump (100 patients) and roller pump (100 patients) groups to compare differences in blood product usage, complication rate, length of stay and net hospital financial balance.

Moderate hypothermic bypass was employed on all patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass circuits were similar in both groups with the exception of the arterial pump. Both groups were statistically identical in regard to age, sex, surgeon, complications, total pump time, aortic cross clamp time, prebypass hematocrit and platelet count. The twenty-four hour postoperative hematocrits, platelet counts, red blood cell requirements, blood loss and mortality (2%) were identical in both groups. The centrifugal pump patients had less 24 hour weight gain than their peers in the roller pump group (p=0.05) The length of stay and net hospital financial balance were also statistically favored in the centrifugal pump group (p<0.05). These latter findings were significant when studied in all payors and coronary artery bypass diagnostic related group classifications. Although the mechanism for improvement in length of stay and net hospital financial balance cannot fully be explained, the ramifications in an increasingly cost conscious environment are obvious.
Perfusion Techniques for Heparin-Bonded Circuits
Authors: Hollingsed Michael J. , Raley William H. , Hill Ronald C. , Valenzuela Roberto , Vasilakis Alexander , Cruzzavala Jose , Graeber Geoffrey M. , Vance Robert A. , Murray Gordon F.
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques include the development of durable, covalently bonded heparin coated surfaces using end-point attachment techniques. Advantages of heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass include reduced systemic heparin, avoidance of protamine sulfate at the completion of the procedure, enhanced biocompatibility of the circuit, successful application of cardiopulmonary bypass in cases where bleeding may become a problem, and in application of assist devices.

Our experience with this technology has led to the development of guidelines and management strategies. We generally consider application fortwo categories: 1) pharmacotoxicity, i.e., allergic reaction to heparin or protamine; and 2) progression of problems, such as prolonged bleeding tendencies (aspirin) or hemorrhage from cerebral vascular accident. Applications of this technology require tip to tip heparin-bonding, "streamlining" the circuit, meticulous attention to fluid mechanics, crystalloid cardioplegia, precise heparin management, and reversed Trendelenburg position for post-cardiopulmonary bypass volume.
Elimination of Arterial Line Clamping when Coming Off Bypass with Centrifugal Pumps with the Centri-Safe™ Valve In-Line
Authors: Esper Eduardo , Rigsby Helene M. , Devineni Rajsekhar , Kolff Jacob
Published: August 2023

Retrograde blood flow through the aortic cannula into the cardiopulmonary circuit may lead to aortic air emboli when nonocclusive centrifugal pumps are used. Perfusionists have been taught to clamp the arterial line to prevent retrograde flow when the pump fails. They also have to protect against the possibility of air entering the arterial cannula when low flows are requested or when the patient is taken off bypass. The present report details the advantages of having a check valve placed in-line with the arterial cannula during centrifugal blood pumping. It will allow weaning patients from cardiopulmonary bypass without the use of arterial line clamping.
Comparison of Celite and Kaolin Based Heparin and Protamine Dosing Assays During Cardiac Surgery: The In Vitro Effect of Aprotinin
Authors: Zucker Marcia L. , Walker Charles , Jobes David , LaDuca Frank M.
Published: August 2023

Both aprotinin and in vitro heparin and protamine dosing assays (RxDx System) have been shown to reduce postoperative bleeding in the cardiac surgery patient. While celite activated clotting time tests in the presence of heparin are artificially prolonged by aprotinin, the kaolin based ACT is not. In order to optimize heparin anticoagulation management during cardiac surgery when aprotinin is used, we have evaluated the utility of kaolin based heparin and protamine dosing assays in the presence of aprotinin. In vitro studies were performed using normal donor blood after the addition of heparin and/or aprotinin. Clinical evaluations compared anticoagulation management based upon the two activators (celite and kaolin) in 21 patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) who were not receiving aprotinin.

The kaolin heparin and protamine assays were unaffected by aprotinin using in vitro aprotinin supplemented normal donor blood samples. The amounts of aprotinin used were equivalent to the calculated plasma concentration in an average size patient (6 liter blood volume) receiving either full ( 1 H) or half ( 1/2 H) Hammersmith doses. Heparin and protamine doses, based on the kaolin assays, were not significantly different between aprotinin (apr) treated and control samples (p>0.20).

In a clinical evaluation of CPB patients, the C-ACT and K-ACT showed good correlation (r= 0.97, n = 213), as did the respective dose determination based on the celite and kaolin RxDx assays: heparin dose (r = 0.88, n = 69) and protamine dose (r = 0.88 , n = 19). These studies illustrate comparable heparin and protamine dosing using either celite or kaolin based RxDx assays during cardiac surgery. These findings also suggest that the kaolin based ACT and dosing assays may be useful in monitoring heparin anticoagulation in cardiac surgery patients receiving aprotinin with the potential of combining these two blood conservation methods.