bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Decisions of a Green Supply Chain under the Joint Action of Fairness Preference and Subsidy to the Manufacturer
Authors: Zhang Zi-yuan , Fu Duan-xiang , Zhou Qing
Published: February 2020

Government subsidy promotes the development of green supply chain, and the influence of decision-makers’ behavioral preferences becomes increasingly prominent in green supply chain management. In order to further enrich the research content of green supply chain, we first use Stackelberg game theory to construct game models by taking the product green degree, wholesale price and retail price as the decision variables, then we work out the equilibrium strategies of the manufacturer and the retailer under four decision scenarios, and reveal the impact differences between the two parties’ fairness preference behaviors. Our research mainly has the following findings: Firstly, the government subsidy to the manufacturer can benefit these two parties and can have certain impact on the optimal decisions only by working with the green product market expansion efficiency. Secondly, these two parties’ fairness preference behaviors can cause serious damage to the other party’s profit and the overall profit of green supply chain, and increase the rate of their own profit in the overall profit of green supply chain, but the difference is that the retailer’s fairness preference behavior can cause a greater decline in product green degree and wholesale price, and when certain conditions are met, its own profit may rise compared to its fairness neutral, while the manufacturer’s fairness preference behavior can cause a greater damage to the overall profit of green supply chainand make its own profit always be lower than its fairness neutral. Thirdly, the government subsidy to the manufacturer and the fairness preference behaviors of both parties can cause a stack effect on the optimal solutions, which means that the subsidy government provides for the manufacturer can aggravate the negative influence caused by these two parties’ fairness preference behaviors.
Acute HIV Infection Masquerading as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alqahtani Awyshah M. , Alsaaran Zaid F. , AlOtaibi Naif H. , Barry Mazin , AlJerian Khaldoon , Alanazy Mohammed H. , Muayqil Taim A.
Published: February 2020

We describe a previously healthy 21-year-old man who presented acutely with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Lumbar puncture yielded an elevated opening pressure and an acellular CSF analysis. Radiological images showed bilateral flattening of the posterior eye globes and an empty sella turcica. His serum HIV antigen/antibody was reactive. We provide a review of published cases that have been labeled as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in HIV-infected patients, addressing the appropriateness of labeling such cases as truly idiopathic. We also discuss the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation of raised ICP in those who do not fulfil the typical IIH demographic.
Stent-Only Versus Adjunctive Balloon Angioplasty Approach for Saphenous Vein Graft Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Latif Faisal , Uyeda Lauren , Edson Robert , Bhatt Deepak L. , Goldman Steven , Holmes David R. , Rao Sunil V. , Shunk Kendrick , Aggarwal Kul , Uretsky Barry , Bolad Islam , Ziada Khaled , McFalls Edward , Irimpen Anand , Truong Huu Tam , Kinlay Scott , Papademetriou Vasilios , Velagaleti Raghava S. , Rangan Bavana V. , Mavromatis Kreton , Shih Mei-Chiung , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Direct stenting without pre-dilation or post-dilation has been advocated for saphenous vein graft percutaneous coronary intervention to decrease the incidence of distal embolization, periprocedural myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization.

Methods:

We performed a post hoc analysis of patients enrolled in the DIVA (Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents in Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty; NCT 01121224) prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients were stratified into stent-only and balloon-stent groups. Primary end point was 12-month incidence of target vessel failure (defined as the composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization). Secondary end points included all-cause death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization during follow-up.

Results:

Of the 575 patients included in this substudy, 185 (32%) patients underwent stent-only percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients in the stent-only versus balloon-stent group had similar baseline characteristics and similar incidence of target vessel failure at 12-months (15% versus 19%; hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.86–2.08];
P
=0.19). During long-term follow-up (median of 2.7 years), the incidence of definite stent thrombosis (1% versus 5%; hazard ratio, 9.20 [95% CI, 1.23–68.92];
P
=0.0085), the composite of definite or probable stent thrombosis (5% versus 11%; hazard ratio, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.23–5.18];
P
=0.009), and target vessel myocardial infarction (8% versus 14%; hazard ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.08–3.40];
P
=0.023) was lower in the stent-only group. Multivariable analysis showed that a higher number of years since coronary artery bypass grafting and >1 target saphenous vein graft lesions were associated with increased target vessel failure during entire follow-up, while preintervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction-3 flow was protective.

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of de novo saphenous vein graft lesions, there was no difference in target vessel failure at 12 months and long-term follow-up in the stent-only versus the balloon-stent group; however, the incidence of stent thrombosis was lower in the stent-only group, as was target vessel myocardial infarction.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT 01121224.
Serial Biomarkers of De Novo Lipogenesis Fatty Acids and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Lee Yujin , Lai Heidi T. M. , de Oliveira Otto Marcia C. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , McKnight Barbara , King Irena B. , Song Xiaoling , Huggins Gordon S. , Vest Amanda R. , Siscovick David S. , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: February 2020

Background

De novo lipogenesis (
DNL
) is an endogenous pathway that converts excess dietary starch, sugar, protein, and alcohol into specific fatty acids (
FA
s). Although elevated
DNL
is linked to several metabolic abnormalities, little is known about how long‐term habitual levels and changes in levels of
FA
s in the
DNL
pathway relate to incident heart failure (
HF
).

Methods and Results

We investigated whether habitual levels and changes in serial measures of
FA
s in the
DNL
pathway were associated with incident
HF
among 4249 participants free of
HF
at baseline. Plasma phospholipid
FA
s were measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years using gas chromatography, and risk factors for
HF
were measured using standardized methods. Incident
HF
was centrally adjudicated using medical records. We prospectively evaluated associations with
HF
risk of (1) habitual
FA
levels, using cumulative updating to assess long‐term exposure, and (2) changes in
FA
levels over time. During 22.1 years of follow‐up, 1304
HF
cases occurred. After multivariable adjustment, habitual levels and changes in levels of palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with incident
HF
(interquintile hazard ratio [95%
CI
]=1.17 [1.00‐1.36] and 1.26 [1.03‐1.55], respectively). Changes in levels of 7‐hexadecenoic acid (16:1n‐9) and vaccenic acid (18:1n‐7) were each positively associated with risk of
HF
(1.36 [1.13‐1.62], and 1.43 [1.18‐1.72], respectively). Habitual levels and changes in levels of myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n‐7), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1n‐9) were not associated with incident
HF
.

Conclusions

Both habitual levels and changes in levels of 16:0 were positively associated with incident
HF
in older adults. Changes in 16:1n‐9 and 18:1n‐7 were also positively associated with incident
HF
. These findings support a potential role of
DNL
or these
DNL
‐related
FA
s in the development of
HF
.
Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳
Authors: Kotyk Jeffrey
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the historicity of state and Buddhist accounts of the monk Xuanzang 玄奘 (602-664), arguing that in the reconstruction of Xuanzang’s life and career we ought to utilize the former to help adjudicate the latter. It is specifically argued that the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳 (T. no. 2053), a biography of Xuanzang sometimes cited by modern scholars, was produced as Buddhist propaganda to advance the standing of certain monks under the reign of Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690-705). It is further argued that the objectivity of the Buddhist account that describes Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 626-649) embracing Buddhism in his twilight years under the influence of Xuanzang ought to be reconsidered.
Spiritual Encounters with Nature
Authors: Bratton Susan Power
Published: February 2020

Mitchell (2016) proposes shared stories and religious background are unimportant to hiker spiritual experience on John Muir National Trail, USA. This study analyzes surveys from 265 volunteer day-hikes in three settings: urban, suburban natural area, and wildland; representing three modes of hiking: goal-directed, nature observation, and meditative. Overall, setting produced more statistically significant differences (22 of 25) among locale descriptors than the mode did (3 of 25). Sacred was more closely associated with descriptors of lack of human presence, than those related to biodiversity. Association of the sacred with higher elevations and mountain wildlands rather than with wetlands implies a pre-existing shared story. Nature oriented and meditative hiking accentuated perception of values, such as educational, humbling, sacred and wondrous, providing evidence that religious practice influences hiker perception. Suburban natural areas, which are more accessible to urban residents than wildlands, received ratings competing with wildlands in terms of personal benefits.
Erasmus and His Paraphrases on the New Testament: What Kind of Enterprise?
Authors: Bloemendal Jan
Published: February 2020

This 2019 Lecture explores Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the New Testament, which were among his main publications in the field of religion, next to his Novum Testamentum and his edition of the Opera of St Jerome. The Paraphrases were a complex enterprise in which many sides of such a publication convene: commerce and self-fashioning, literature, rhetoric, theology and religion. Ultimately, Erasmus probably wished to surpass Jerome, by offering tools for his fellow believers to obtain eternal salvation. To this aim, he presented Jesus as the exemplary teacher, but above all as the pastor bonus.
A new species of the genus Oxycheila (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Bolivia
Authors: ŠAFRÁNEK ONDŘEJ , AMAYA MARCELO
Published: February 2020

The new species Oxycheila alenatiki sp. nov. (Cicindelidae: Megacephalini) is described from central Bolivia and compared to related species. Colour photographs of habitus and male genitalia of O. alenatiki sp.nov. and related species O. gracillima Bates, 1872 and O. oberthueri Horn, 1897 are compared. A modified taxonomic key to the gracillima species group is provided.
Interaction of Urban Heat Island Effects and Land–Sea Breezes during a New York City Heat Event
Authors: Bauer Timothy J.
Published: February 2020

The state of knowledge of the effects of urban heat islands is advanced through investigation of a heat event in the highly complex coastal environment of New York City (NYC) by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and surface observations in the NYC metropolitan area to evaluate heat retention at high- and low-temperature times during 18–20 July 2013. Urban surface air temperatures are 1°–2°C higher than rural temperatures throughout the daytime and increase to 3°–5°C higher during the night. Lack of a land–sea temperature gradient prevents development of a land breeze during the night. A land–sea temperature difference approaching 20°C leads to sea-breeze effects during 18 July that reduce daytime skin temperatures, but higher winds greatly reduce the sea breeze during 19 July. WRF Model data are generated using three urban parameterization schemes. The most sophisticated multilayer urban parameterization proves to be most accurate when compared with surface observation data. Errors between WRF Model data and surface observations are attributed to assigned coastal sea surface temperatures, excessive building drag, and too little urban heat retention. Adjustments to the input parameters to the multilayer scheme improved accuracy to lead to the control simulation used for urban heat island effects and land–sea-breeze analysis. NYC building interaction with the synoptic flow generates urban drag and wake effects, although relatively high winds limit their extent. Urban flow results and identified model errors support the development and deployment of the best urban parameterization scheme.
How Robust is the Asian Precipitation–ENSO Relationship during the Industrial Warming Period (1901–2017)?
Authors: Wang Bin , Luo Xiao , Liu Jian
Published: February 2020

Instrumental observations (1901–2017) are used to uncover the seasonality, regionality, spatial–temporal coherency, and secular change of the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Asian precipitation (AP). We find an abrupt seasonal reversal of the AP–ENSO relationship occurring from October to November in a large area of Asia north of 20°N due to a rapid northward shift of the ENSO-induced subsidence from Indonesia to the Philippines. We identified six subregions that have significant correlations with ENSO over the past 116 years with |r| > 0.5 (p < 0.001). Regardless of the prominent subregional differences, the total amount of AP during a monsoon year (from May to the next April) shows a robust response to ENSO with r = −0.86 (1901–2017), implying a 4.5% decrease in the total Asian precipitation for 1° of SST increase in the equatorial central Pacific. Rainfall in tropical Asia (Maritime Continent, Southeast Asia, and India) shows a stable relationship with ENSO with significant 31-yr running correlation coefficients (CCs). However, precipitation in North China, the East Asian winter monsoon front zone, and arid central Asia exhibit unstable relationships with ENSO. Since the 1950s, the AP–ENSO relationships have been enhanced in all subregions except over India. A major factor that determines the increasing trends of the AP–ENSO relationship is the increasing ENSO amplitude. Notably, the AP response is asymmetric with respect to El Niño and La Niña and markedly different between the major and minor ENSO events. The results provide guidance for seasonal prediction and a metric for assessment of climate models’ capability to reproduce the Asian hydroclimate response to ENSO and projected future change.
Wave Climate Patterns from Spatial Tracking of Global Long-Term Ocean Wave Spectra
Authors: Jiang Haoyu
Published: February 2020

Long-term wave spectral statistics can provide a better description of wave climate than integrated wave parameters because several wave climate systems (WCSs) generated by different wind climate systems can coexist at the same location. In this study, global wave climate patterns are presented by spatially tracking point-wise long-term wave spectra (probability density distributions of wave spectral partitions) from a WAVEWATCH III hindcast, providing new insights into global wave climate. Tens of well-defined WCSs, which are generated in different source regions by different wind systems, including prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies, trade winds, and monsoons, were identified. These WCSs are independent of each other because wave systems from different origins travel independently. The spatial distributions of these WCSs can illustrate the entire life cycle of ocean waves, from being generated as dominant wind-seas to becoming less dominant swells in far fields, from a climatic point of view. The mean wave directions in WCS patterns, especially those in westerlies-generated WCSs, are generally in agreement with the great circles on Earth’s surface, which display the propagation routes of ocean swells.
Monsoonal Influences on Offshore Rapid Intensification of Landfalling Typhoons in a Sheared Environment over the South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Wenyu , Wu Liguang , Ren Fumin
Published: February 2020

Tropical cyclones (TCs) formed in the western North Pacific and South China Sea can undergo rapid intensification (RI) shortly before making landfall in China. Forecasting such offshore RI is a great challenge in operations. In this study the offshore RI events in a sheared environment are examined for TCs that made landfall in China during 1979–2017. It is found that there were only three offshore RI events in a sheared environment, all of which occurred to the south of Hainan Island within the monsoon trough in early to mid-July, coinciding with the termination of the mei-yu season. The specific geographic location and timing of the occurrence of the offshore RI in the sheared environment is associated with the adjustment of the East Asia summer monsoon system when the mei-yu season terminates in the Yangtze River valley. In addition to the adjustment favorable for TC intensification by enhancing the TC–trough interaction in the upper troposphere, this study suggests that two environmental factors also contribute to the offshore RI over the South China Sea in a sheared environment. One is the intrusion of dry air associated with the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and the other is the penetration of the water vapor flux associated with the monsoon surge. The adjustment of the East Asia summer monsoon system allows the water vapor flux of the monsoon surge to penetrate the TC circulation and prevents the dry air of the WNPSH from intruding into the TC circulation.
Preserving the everyday: Pre-political agency in peacebuilding theory
Authors: Millar Gearoid
Published: February 2020

Quite a lot of recent peacebuilding scholarship has deployed the concept of ‘the everyday’. In an extension of the local turn’s emphasis on agency and resistance, much of this scholarship interprets the everyday as inherently a site of politics. It does so either by interpreting every act (no matter how motivated) as an agentic political act, or by equating agentic political acts (at the local level) with the quotidian activities which define the everyday. This article argues, however, that representing the everyday in this way interprets both forms of activity in ways which have critical implications for peacebuilding theory, because both moves inadvertently strip everyday acts of the emergent creativity and innovation inherent to ‘everyday-ness’. Alternative understandings of and engagement with different forms of agency would encourage peace scholars to acknowledge the overtly political nature of peace projects and so to reserve ‘the everyday’ label for pre-political forms of action which may contribute to peace, but in a more unintentional, organic or emergent fashion. This is not to argue that everyday acts are a-political or non-political, but only that they do not have political motivations and are not themselves products of conscious will to power, or even to peace itself.
Extensions of Multiple-Group Item Response Theory Alignment: Application to Psychiatric Phenotypes in an International Genomics Consortium
Authors: Mansolf Maxwell , Vreeker Annabel , Reise Steven P. , Freimer Nelson B. , Glahn David C. , Gur Raquel E. , Moore Tyler M. , Pato Carlos N. , Pato Michele T. , Palotie Aarno , Holm Minna , Suvisaari Jaana , Partonen Timo , Kieseppä Tuula , Paunio Tiina , Boks Marco , Kahn René , Ophoff Roel A. , Bearden Carrie E. , Loohuis Loes Olde , Teshiba Terri , deGeorge Daniella , Bilder Robert M. ,   GROUP Investigators,   the WGSPD Consortium
Published: February 2020

Large-scale studies spanning diverse project sites, populations, languages, and measurements are increasingly important to relate psychological to biological variables. National and international consortia already are collecting and executing mega-analyses on aggregated data from individuals, with different measures on each person. In this research, we show that Asparouhov and Muthén’s alignment method can be adapted to align data from disparate item sets and response formats. We argue that with these adaptations, the alignment method is well suited for combining data across multiple sites even when they use different measurement instruments. The approach is illustrated using data from the Whole Genome Sequencing in Psychiatric Disorders consortium and a real-data-based simulation is used to verify accurate parameter recovery. Factor alignment appears to increase precision of measurement and validity of scores with respect to external criteria. The resulting parameter estimates may further inform development of more effective and efficient methods to assess the same constructs in prospectively designed studies.
Painful Legacy of Historical African American Culture
Authors: Davis Patrick Edward
Published: February 2020

African Americans continue to experience significant difficulty integrating into mainstream American society. Research literature demonstrates that after decades of legislation designed to address African American socialization issues, African Americans continue to seem to be unable to pull many of their communities out of academic disparities, high unemployment, crippling poverty, and endemic crime. There appears to be historical ramifications and etiological determinants that explicate the challenges that confront African American communities. However, few researchers seem to understand the actual culture of African Americans. As such, counselors, educators, and policymakers are seemingly unable to devise and implement effective intervention strategies that appropriately attend to these endemic challenges. Thereby, explication of the historical “roots” and legacy of African American culture seems critical.
Helping children in bullying situations: The role of intersubjective understanding and co-regulation
Authors: Kovač Velibor Bobo , Kostøl Elin Marie Frivold
Published: February 2020

Contemporary definitions of bullying are strikingly in agreement that bullying represents aggressive behaviour involving premeditation, time span, power imbalance and clear role assignment. Even though useful in some situations, these premises are not as helpful if the aim is to improve the social environment in educational contexts. The aim of the present article is to argue that educators need alternative theoretical tools when attempting to improve relations between children. We argue that interpretations of bullying in educational contexts are not ‘owned’ by any specific party, but rather involve (1) intersubjective negotiation and (2) the co-regulative competence of educators and children. The present theoretical proposition suggests that the role of educators is not to establish who did what, how and why, but rather to acknowledge and respect the children’s profound subjective experiences of the bullying situation, regardless of assigned roles in the conflict. We therefore suggest that intersubjective understanding of situations and the sensitive co-regulative competence of educators represent useful theoretical tools when dealing with systematic conflicts between children. The conclusion points out that nonpartial understanding of bullying and emotional recognition of experiences might increase children’s self-awareness, making them a part of the solution rather than ‘a part of the problem’.
Validation of numerically simulated ventricular flow patterns during left ventricular assist device support
Authors: Ghodrati Mojgan , Khienwad Thananya , Maurer Alexander , Moscato Francesco , Zonta Francesco , Schima Heinrich , Aigner Philipp
Published: February 2020

Intraventricular flow patterns during left ventricular assist device support have been investigated via computational fluid dynamics by several groups. Based on such simulations, specific parameters for thrombus formation risk analysis have been developed. However, computational fluid dynamic simulations of complex flow configurations require proper validation by experiments. To meet this need, a ventricular model with a well-defined inflow section was analyzed by particle image velocimetry and replicated by transient computational fluid dynamic simulations. To cover the laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regime, four numerical methods including the laminar, standard k-omega, shear-stress transport, and renormalized group k-epsilon were applied and compared to the particle image velocimetry results in 46 different planes in the whole left ventricle. The simulated flow patterns for all methods, except renormalized group k-epsilon, were comparable to the flow patterns measured using particle image velocimetry (absolute error over whole left ventricle: laminar: 10.5, standard k-omega: 11.3, shear–stress transport: 11.3, and renormalized group k-epsilon: 17.8 mm/s). Intraventricular flow fields were simulated using four numerical methods and validated with experimental particle image velocimetry results. In the given setting and for the chosen boundary conditions, the laminar, standard K-omega, and shear–stress transport methods showed acceptable similarity to experimental particle image velocimetry data, with the laminar model showing the best transient behavior.
Evangelical Devotionals and Bible Studies of The Pilgrim’s Progress: Fidelity or Bibliolatry?
Authors: Draycott Andy
Published: February 2020

I examine contemporary evangelical Bible studies and devotionals devoted to John Bunyan’s 1678 spiritual classic The Pilgrim’s Progress. Focusing on treatments of Bunyan’s Vanity Fair sequence, I ask whether these resources demonstrate fidelity to the text and to Scripture or whether they are instead examples of bibliolatry. Implications for the design of Bible studies in the ministry of Christian education are offered following theological analysis of the biblical imagination required for such tasks.
Pandemics, regional outbreaks, and sudden-onset disasters
Authors: Gully Paul R.
Published: February 2020

Pandemics of influenza, cholera, and plague are part of global history. Regional epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, primarily influenza A, continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality while remaining unpredictable in nature. Sudden-onset disasters such as earthquakes and floods occur with little warning. The consequences of climate change and environmental degradation can only be expected to increase the incidence of some infectious diseases and weather-related crises, adding to the unpredictability of such events. Health leaders, both in public health and healthcare, need to understand the international context and how coordination and response across or within jurisdictions will improve the likelihood of successful management of challenges. Public health emergencies respect no borders or political structures. The ability of institutions to adapt quickly can make a difference in health outcomes and a community’s trust in those institutions.
From Clinical Practice to Academic Student Instruction: Understanding the Clinical Instructor’s Perspective Using a Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Swart Ruth , Hall Marc
Published: February 2020

Background

Clinical instructors (CIs) are important to the provision of real-world experiential learning because they teach, mentor, and support students in clinical practice settings in higher education programs. CIs experience tensions that influence their retention and impact the sustainability of consistent, quality education for students.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of being a CI and how to better support them.

Methods

CIs in a nursing faculty at a Western Canadian university were approached to participate. Data collection included a survey ( n = 17) with questions asking about the importance of and their ability to prepare, teach, and mentor nursing students in practice. Individual interviews ( n = 6) and a focus group ( n = 3) were conducted that asked CIs about their experiences and challenges. Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results

Participants indicated feeling unprepared entering the instructor role. Key findings were the need to improve CI orientation so that it is more practical and meaningful, to increase peer support from other instructors, and to assist CIs’ transition into becoming educators.

Conclusions

Understanding CIs’ assessment of their needs can help institutions better support and retain them, promoting consistency and quality in practicum instruction.
Computed Tomography Findings of Emergency Cases Resulting From Fish Bone Ingestion
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Onishi Hiroshi , Motosugi Utaroh
Published: February 2020

Fish bones are some of the most commonly ingested foreign bodies. In most cases, fish bone ingestion is asymptomatic, and the bones are expelled from the body spontaneously. Otherwise, patients with fish bone ingestion can present to the emergency department with nonspecific symptoms. Fish bones can become impacted in various part of the body. Even in cases that are initially asymptomatic after ingestion, serious complications may develop at a later stage. Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis of fish bone ingestion because it is the most sensitive modality for detecting these foreign bodies. It is important to be familiar with CT findings to detect ingested fish bones and the related complications and to direct further management of the condition.
Antithrombogenic properties of Tulbaghia violacea–loaded polycaprolactone nanofibers
Authors: Madike Lerato N , Pillay Michael , Popat Ketul C
Published: February 2020

A broad range of polymers have been utilized for the development of blood-contacting implantable medical devices; however, their rate of failure has raised the need for developing more hemocompatible biomaterial surfaces. In this study, a novel scaffold based on polycaprolactone incorporated with 10% and 15% (w/w) Tulbaghia violacea plant extracts were fabricated using electrospinning technique. The fabricated scaffolds were then treated with T. violacea aqueous plant extracts (100 and 1000 µg/mL) to investigate their use as interfaces for blood-contacting implants. The 10% Tvio scaffold produced the lowest mean fibre diameter (193 ± 30 nm), whereas the 15% Tvio scaffold produces the highest mean fibre diameter (538 ± 236 nm) when compared with the control polycaprolactone (275 ± 61 nm) scaffold. The number of adhered platelets was directly linked to fibre diameter and concentration of plant extract in such a way that the lowest fibre diameter scaffold (10% Tvio) inhibited platelet adhesion, whereas more platelets adhered to the scaffold with the highest fibre diameter (15% Tvio scaffolds). There was also an increase in platelet adhesion as the concentration of T. violacea was increased from 100 to 1000 µg/mL for all designed scaffolds. The improved blood compatibility demonstrated by the 10% Tvio scaffold suggests that the plant possesses antithrombogenic properties, particularly at lower concentrations.
Motivated Misreporting in Smartphone Surveys
Authors: Daikeler Jessica , Bach Ruben L. , Silber Henning , Eckman Stephanie
Published: February 2020

Filter questions are used to administer follow-up questions to eligible respondents while allowing respondents who are not eligible to skip those questions. Filter questions can be asked in either the interleafed or the grouped formats. In the interleafed format, the follow-ups are asked immediately after the filter question; in the grouped format, follow-ups are asked after the filter question block. Underreporting can occur in the interleafed format due to respondents’ desire to reduce the burden of the survey. This phenomenon is called motivated misreporting. Because smartphone surveys are more burdensome than web surveys completed on a computer or laptop, due to the smaller screen size, longer page loading times, and more distraction, we expect that motivated misreporting is more pronounced on smartphones. Furthermore, we expect that misreporting occurs not only in the filter questions themselves but also extends to data quality in the follow-up questions. We randomly assigned 3,517 respondents of a German online access panel to either the PC or the smartphone. Our results show that while both PC and smartphone respondents trigger fewer filter questions in the interleafed format than the grouped format, we did not find differences between PC and smartphone respondents regarding the number of triggered filter questions. However, smartphone respondents provide lower data quality in the follow-up questions, especially in the grouped format. We conclude with recommendations for web survey designers who intend to incorporate smartphone respondents in their surveys.
Structure–properties relationship of the polyurethanes that contain Schiff base in the main chain
Authors: Oprea Stefan , Potolinca Violeta Otilia , Oprea Veronica , Diaconu Livia Ingrid
Published: February 2020

This article studies the diversification of useful properties of polyurethane (PU) structures by the inclusion of new components. PUs containing a Schiff base in the main chain were synthesized by using N, N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine as a chain extender. Novel Schiff base PUs were synthesized via a two-step polymerization starting from a Schiff base derivative diol chain extender with different molar ratios or by cross-linking with various natural raw materials. The sought after structures was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra that showed the disappearance of the signals of both the hydroxyl and isocyanate groups. The thermal properties of these PUs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The initial degradation temperatures of the obtained PUs were found to be in the range of 300–350°C. Based on the results from DMA, the rigid structure of the Schiff base from the backbone of the PUs presented a higher storage modulus, results which may be connected to the physical cross-linking process of the macromolecules. Their optical properties were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of Schiff base structures into the main PU chain generates new PU structures with improved thermomechanical properties, which includes possible bioactive Schiff base moieties, widening the range of practical applications for such polymers.
Computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method simulation of locomotive sanders
Authors: Gautam Aishwarya , Green Sheldon I
Published: February 2020

Locomotive sanders are used to optimize the traction between the train wheels and the railhead by spraying sand into the interface. It has been previously shown that a large fraction of sand sprayed by the sanders does not make it through the wheel–rail nip, leading to sand wastage and thereby increasing the cost and refilling effort. In this study, pneumatic conveying of sand through the wheel–rail nip is numerically modeled through coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method simulations. The gas phase, discrete phase, and coupled two-phase flows are separately validated against the literature, and the parameters affecting the deposition of sand into the nip are analyzed to determine their impact on sander efficiency. The aerodynamics associated with the particle-laden jet play a critical role in optimizing the amount of sand going through the wheel–rail interface, with the particle velocities being directly correlated with the sander efficiency. Particle–geometry interactions (e.g. particle bouncing) are found to have a negligible effect on the deposition. In the absence of crosswinds, it is recommended to employ particles with a smaller Stokes number to enhance the sander efficiency. A larger airflow rate through the nozzle is also recommended. Crosswinds strongly and adversely affect sander efficiency. The effects of crosswinds can be mitigated by reducing the nip–nozzle distance and using coarser particles.
Pre-bending a dynamic compression plate significantly alters strain distribution near the fracture plane in the mid-shaft femur
Authors: Ristow Jacob , Mead Matthew , Cordeiro Minal , Ostrander James , Atkinson Theresa , Atkinson Patrick
Published: February 2020

This study evaluated the effect of pre-bending dynamic compression plates on fracture site compression. Recommendations of 1 to 2 mm of pre-bend have been proposed, but there does not appear to be experimental data to confirm the optimal pre-bend magnitude. Dynamic compression plating was performed on the lateral convex surface of 18 femoral analogs to fixate a simulated mid-shaft fracture. Plates with 0 mm (flat plate), 1 mm, and 2 mm of pre-bend were evaluated for their production of compression by determining the strain magnitudes for 10 equal-sized zones across the anterior cortex at the osteotomy site using digital imaging correlation. The 0 and 1 mm plates produced significantly more compression at the near cortex (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) than the 2 mm plate. However, the 0 and 1 mm plates also created visible diastasis at the far cortex, while the 2 mm plate exhibited compression across all zones. The strain magnitudes for the 0 mm (R2 = 0.62) and 1 mm (R2 = 0.86) plates linearly and significantly decreased from the region adjacent to the plate until a region 50%–60% across the analog diameter. In contrast, the 2 mm plate exhibited uniform strains across the osteotomy site. This study demonstrates that pre-bending a dynamic compression plate 2 mm prior to fixation on a convex lateral femur provides the most compression at the far cortex. It also produces more uniform compression across the fracture when compared to 0 and 1 mm of pre-bend.
Unstable relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and eastern China summer precipitation: Insights from the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age
Authors: Zhou Xuecheng , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei
Published: February 2020

The eastern China summer precipitation is related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on interdecadal time scales in modern times, but it remains unclear whether such a relationship holds prior to the instrumental period. We examine this relationship during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). According to a composite analysis using simulations of the HadCM3 model, which is selected from nine available climate models, the PDO–eastern China summer precipitation relationship varies with climatic background. The modern relationship features deficient precipitation over North and South China and excessive precipitation in the Yangtze–Huai River Valley in positive PDO phases compared with negative phases. In contrast, there is more precipitation over South and North China but less in the Yangtze–Huai River Valley during the MCA and widespread below-normal summer precipitation over eastern China during the LIA. Such different PDO-related precipitation patterns between the MCA and LIA are closely linked to distinct changes in local atmospheric circulation. Compared with negative PDO phases, positive phases during the MCA show an anomalous Pacific–Japan/East Asia–Pacific pattern over East Asia and strengthened high-level westerlies centering on 120°E and 25–30°N, which lead to the triple pattern in the precipitation anomaly. During the LIA, a cyclonic anomaly occurs over the South China Sea–Philippine Sea in the lower and middle troposphere, and two upper-level low trough anomalies occur over East Asia, causing the anomalous precipitation deficit. The different PDO-related local circulations are found to be relevant to the thermodynamic effect of low-latitude sea surface temperature and summer precipitation over India, as well as the propagation of upstream wave trains.
Library as a consortium perspective: A systematic literature review
Authors: Pereira Rosivalda , Franco Mário
Published: February 2020

Consortia are a form of association between organizations seeking to reach a common objective. This study aims to systematize discussion in the area of library consortia and relate it to aspects of information management. To this end, the Web of Science databases was used to identify the literature to be analysed, resorting to Bibliometrix software. The results show a tendency in the literature to discuss themes such as open access contract management. The study concludes on an evolution of themes setting out from shared resources and directs future research towards identifying questions of access to and ownership of information resources.
Time and family on the move: ‘Accompanying partners’ in geographical mobility
Authors: Suter Brigitte , Cangià Flavia
Published: February 2020

Under conditions of global economy, geographical mobility becomes an important aspect of the working lives for a wider range of professionals. At times, these people move with their families. The relocation to a new country can entail changes for the whole family, in particular for the partner, who can experience a more pronounced alteration of work–family relations. Especially for dual career couples, with both partners employed before migration, the change in the experience of time can be very profound for the accompanying partner who can move from being a full-time professional to being a full-time homemaker. Based on two studies conducted respectively in China and Switzerland with mobile families, we explore how accompanying partners experience and practice time in the context of migration with the family. We discuss how, while time for the contracted partner can still be structured by work, a more ambivalent mixture of personal desire, family relations, cultural values and social expectations seem to affect the subjective experience of time for the accompanying partner.
Effects of foaming agent on properties of foamed gel
Authors: Cao Qing , Shen Jian-jun , Guo Wen-jie
Published: February 2020

To improve foam expansion and the stability of the foamed gel selected as the starting point, three foaming agents with relatively higher foam expansion and three foam stabilizers were used to determine optimum gradient and composition of the gel. Sodium laurate and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at a proportion of 2:3 were observed to produce the desirable foaming property and also created the largest foaming volume after the addition of 0.2% polyethylene glycol as the foam stabilizer. Different concentrations of gelatinizing and cross-linking agents were added to the foamed gel containing the foaming agent and the foam stabilizer. The most suitable ratio of the gelatinizing agent and the cross-linking agent determined on the basis of volume of foam dewatering after the addition of foam stabilizer for 6 h was 0.6%:0.5%. The resulting foamed gel was evaluated for rheological and plugging properties and a decrease in the viscosity of the gel and better plugging effect on coal seam were observed.
Commuting time and sickness absence in China: Rural/urban variations and Hukou impacts
Authors: Guo Murong , Tang Kuang , Wang Zicheng
Published: February 2020

This article addresses three main issues: the relationship between commute time and sickness absence, the heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect between rural migrants and urban citizens, and the effect of China’s Hukou system on the commuting–absenteeism effect. It applies a unique set of employer–employee matched data in China and a zero-inflated negative binomial model. We find clear evidence that a longer commuting time contributes to an increase in sickness absence. The heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect can also be confirmed: longer commuting leads to higher absence rates for urban citizens but not for rural migrants. Furthermore, we explore the effect of commuting on a set of health-related outcomes. The estimations demonstrate that commuting time has a significant impact on health-related outcomes for both migrants and urban citizens, but unequal access to housing provision and to social health insurance in the Hukou system may mean that rural migrants resort to more informal medical services and thus lack access to the official sickness certificate required to seek legal sickness absence. We recommend accelerated reform of the Hukou system to encourage rural workers to seek appropriate and timely medical services, thereby reducing public health risks.

JEL Codes: I12, I14, J83, N35, N75
Treating the untreatable? The biopsychosocial treatment of delusional disorder: a case study
Authors: Goodwin Terri-ann , Lowry Tim J. , Meurk Carla , Neillie Darren
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Delusional disorder (DD) is well recognised, but its treatment is controversial. This article presents a case study that highlights the therapeutic benefits associated with assertive biopsychosocial treatment of DD.

Method:

The literature on pharmacological and psychological treatments for DD is briefly reviewed, and a case example from the Queensland Fixated Threat Assessment Centre is given to illustrate a comprehensive biopsychosocial treatment framework.

Results:

Combined pharmacological and psychosocial intervention resulted in stabilisation and improvement in mental state for the case described.

Conclusions:

There is an emergent evidence base for an assertive biopsychosocial approach to treating DD. The case study demonstrates that a range of therapeutic goals is achievable.
Australian military and veteran’s mental health care part 1: an introduction to cultural essentials for clinicians
Authors: Lane Jonathan , Wallace Duncan
Published: February 2020

Objective:

This article aims to define the cultural specificity of Australian military and veterans, and introduce some of the essential clinician knowledge, skills and attitudes required for effective cultural competence in the management of mental health (MH) conditions in this population.

Conclusion:

Military culture has the defining characteristics of the military as an organisation with a formal structure, as a cultural group governed by norms and shared values, and as a social group that provides people with identities. Key requirements for cultural competence introduced here are basic knowledge of the military structure, norms and identity; clinical skills including basic assessment and awareness of the commonly occurring MH disorders; and an exploration of attitudes of both the clinician and the military or veteran patient. Further research is needed, particularly in terms of assessing clinician’s cultural competence.
Multifunctional Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3) O2-Si batteries with self-actuation and self-sensing
Authors: Ma Jun , Gonzalez Cody , Huang Qingquan , Farese Joseph , Rahn Christopher , Frecker Mary , Wang Donghai
Published: February 2020

Among anode materials for Li-ion batteries, Si is known for high theoretical capacity, low cost, large volume change, relatively fast capacity fade and significant stress-potential coupling. This article shows that a Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2-Si battery can store energy, actuate with Si volume change and sense with stress-potential coupling. Experiments are conducted in an electrolyte-filled chamber with a glass window with [Formula: see text] cathodes and Si composite anodes. The Si anodes are single-side coated on Cu current collector with Si nanoparticles, polyacrylic acid binder and conductive carbon black in a porous composite structure. During charging, the battery stores energy, Li inserts in the cantilevered Si anodes and the cantilevers bend laterally. Discharging the battery releases the stored energy and straightens the Si cantilevers. Imposing deformation on the Si cantilevers at a fixed state of charge causes bending stress in the composite coating and a change in the open circuit potential. Testing at [Formula: see text] confirms that the Si composite responds to dynamic stress variations and with almost no phase lag, indicating the bandwidth of the stress-potential coupling in Si composite anodes is at least [Formula: see text].