bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMIP6 Ocean and Atmospheric Climate Change Projections in the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve—Caribbean Sea—by the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Usta David Francisco Bustos , Parra Rafael Ricardo Torres
Published: November 2024

Seventeen climate models from CMIP6 were examined to assess the expected behavior of seven atmospheric/ocean variables in the Caribbean Basin and the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve (SBR) during the twenty-first century, under two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Additionally, an ensemble is made with the five models with the best oceanic resolution in the Caribbean Sea. Precipitation shows significant negative trends in most of the projected periods, while air and sea surface temperature, surface salinity and mean sterodynamic sea level (SDSL) have significant positive trends. Air temperature in SBR will probably increase by 2 °C compared to the preindustrial period after 2050 (SSP5-8.5) or 2060 (SSP2-4.5). The warming trend in the region could extend the hurricane season and/or increase hurricane frequency, affect ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves, and intensify ocean stratification. For the same period, SDSL is expected to rise in SBR between ~24.2 and 39.9 cm. If all contributing factors are included, an increase of up to ~95 cm (SSP5-8.5) could be expected by the end of the twenty-first century. This sea level rise would modify the ecological balance and enhance flooding, affecting tourism and risking the disappearance of the low-elevation islands.
Reconstructing the Eta and Iota Events for San Andrés and Providencia: A Focus on Urban and Coastal Flooding
Authors: Osorio Andrés F. , Montoya Rubén , Ayala Franklin F. , Osorio-Cano Juan D.
Published: November 2024

Hurricanes Eta and Iota were the most intense events during the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, and their passage caused serious infrastructure affectations and even human losses in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina due to the extreme winds, storm surge flooding, and rainfall flooding. Numerical modeling and field measurements were used to reconstruct the effects of these events on the archipelago. The simulations were conducted with WAVEWATCHIII, SWAN, XBeach, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and a parametric model for hurricane winds. A differentiated contribution of each hazard on physical infrastructure, coastal ecosystems, and population is represented through: winds up to 50 m/s, significant wave heights (Hs) between 1 and 6 m in intermediate waters (around 10 m deep) associated with flood levels in the order of 2 m on the coast, and flood distances varying between 12 and 904 m. A spatial distribution of Hs and the contribution of wave run-up and storm surge in some areas of the archipelago showed the importance of mangrove and coral reef ecosystems to mitigate the intensity of Eta and Iota on the coast. This study encourages science-based decision-making and provides information for policymakers to consolidate risk assessments in vulnerable zones like the archipelago.
The Biosphere Reserve Concept, Seaflower, and Climate Change
Authors: Márquez Germán
Published: November 2024

Based on UNESCO’s biosphere reserve concept and on the paper originally proposing an archipelago biosphere reserve, this chapter supports going deeper into implementing the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve as a social, economic, and environmental sustainability model. To this, it proposes some actions, from reconsidering its regulatory status to its integration with national development plans, including payment schemes for ecosystem services (PES), as Seaflower ecosystems provide society with many goods and services, estimated to be huge, but not reflected in their management and financing. Seaflower’s meaning has not been properly understood and is not taking advantage of this status. The current situation is worrying and unsustainable; it threatens the natural, historical, social, and cultural heritage of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, stressed by a questionable mass tourism development model and worsened, mainly in Providencia, by hurricanes Eta and Iota and because of climate change whose impact, mainly in coral reefs, could be extreme. Some of the ideas developed in this chapter were proposed by the author with the name Seaflower Initiative; now, could be integrated with Gran Seaflower Initiative, a recent proposal for the creation of a transboundary biosphere reserve in the western Caribbean.
Climate Change Effects on Seaflower Biosphere Reserve Fishery Resources
Authors: Velásquez-Calderón Carolina Sofia , Santos-Martínez Adriana , Rojas-Archbold Anthony , Prato Julián
Published: November 2024

Climate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon with differentiated impacts. Its effects are felt in marine and terrestrial ecosystems and organisms, and in the most vulnerable economies and societies. CC is altering the ocean’s chemistry, initiating cascading socioenvironmental impacts. The fisheries sector is the most affected. In the Western Caribbean’s Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, identified as having the highest climatic risk, these impacts are pronounced. This study comprehensively reviews existing knowledge on climate change effects on fishery resources and incorporates fishers’ perceptions through two rounds of surveys in 2019 and 2022. The findings reveal significant consequences for fishery resources, including alterations in biological properties and species distribution, loss of critical coastal fish breeding habitats, reduced fisheries productivity, and increased local and cross-border conflicts over fish resources. Especially, after the destructive impact of Hurricane Iota (2020), fishers shifted their hazard perception, elevating hurricanes as a significant threat alongside drought. These evolving perceptions emphasize the need for comprehensive policy strategies to address multiple hazards and their interactions, aligning with fishers’ priorities and enhancing the resilience of the fishing sector. This research underscores the urgency of ecosystem-based and co-management policies, alternatives for artisanal fishers, and heightened climate risk perception.
The commensurate state and lock-in in a holographic model
Authors: Ling Yi , Liu Peng , Wu Meng-He
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We study a holographic model in which the striped structure of charge density is spontaneously formed over an ionic lattice which breaks the translational symmetry explicitly. The effect of commensurate lock-in between the spontaneous stripes and the ionic lattice is observed when the lattice amplitude is large enough. We investigate the optical conductivity as a function of frequency in commensurate state and compare its characteristics during the phase transition from metallic phase to insulating phase. Notably, we find that the DC resistivity in lock-in state increases algebraically with lowering temperature, which is in line with the phenomenon observed in the holographic model for simulating the experimental behavior of Mott insulator in [1]. In addition, at lower temperature the pinning effect is observed for both unlock-in and lock-in states. This holographic model successfully demonstrates the commensurate lock-in signatures, and provides more information for understanding the interplay between ionic lattices and electronic lattices by holography.
Bony prominence and variations of the transverse sinus groove: novel anatomical findings in relation to sinus pathologies
Authors: Cardona Juan J. , Iwanaga Joe , Chaiyamoon Arada , Wang Arthur , Nickele Christopher M. , Amans Matthew R. , Heiferman Daniel M. , Johnson Kendrick D. , Loukas Marios , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: November 2024

The transverse sinus (TS) is often involved with pathology for structural reasons. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the anatomy along the groove of the TS and sigmoid sinus (SS), to discuss the relationship between the bony features and pathologies affecting the TS. Seventy dry skulls (140 sides) were used for detailed observation of the TS and SS grooves using gross investigation coupled with transillumination. Bony features such as the mastoid foramen (MF), occipital foramen (OF), granular foveolae (GF), and absence of the TS groove were evaluated, and a classification based on numbers of findings was proposed. The most common internal groove finding was MF (79.3%), followed by absent TS groove (32.9%), and OF (14.3%). MF was statistically more frequent on the left side (91.4%) than the right (67.1%) (p = 0.036); OF was statistically more frequent on the right side (24.3%) than the left (4.3%) (p = 0.008). Absent TS groove was more prevalent on the left side (54.3%) than the right (11.4%) (p = 0.000). A bony prominence (BP) was identified in 15.7% (11 skulls) and there were significant differences from the controls. The type III class (three internal groove findings) was the most prevalent, followed by type II (two findings). The complex and integral role of the bony features described here, and their particularities in normal patients or in those with DVS pathologies, is not well understood.
On the Detection of Population Heterogeneity in Causation Between Two Variables: Finite Mixture Modeling of Data Collected from Twin Pairs
Authors: Vinh Philip B. , Verhulst Brad , Maes Hermine H. M. , Dolan Conor V. , Neale Michael C.
Published: November 2024

Causal inference is inherently complex and relies on key assumptions that can be difficult to validate. One strong assumption is population homogeneity, which assumes that the causal direction remains consistent across individuals. However, there may be variation in causal directions across subpopulations, leading to potential heterogeneity. In psychiatry, for example, the co-occurrence of disorders such as depression and substance use disorder can arise from multiple sources, including shared genetic or environmental factors (common causes) or direct causal pathways between the disorders. A patient diagnosed with two disorders might have one recognized as primary and the other as secondary, suggesting the existence of different types of comorbidity. For example, in some individuals, depression might lead to substance use, while in others, substance use could lead to depression. We account for potential heterogeneity in causal direction by integrating the Direction of Causation (DoC) model for twin data with finite mixture modeling, which allows for the calculation of individual-level likelihoods for alternate causal directions. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using the Direction of Causation Twin Mixture (mixDoC) model to detect and model heterogeneity due to varying causal directions.
Global and Local Imperialism in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Stradis Athamos
Published: November 2024

Statistical mechanics applied on a universal scale (the Mentaculus) attaches probabilities to all possible events in the universe, far outstripping its local thermodynamic evidence base. This ‘imperialistic’ tendency is often criticised as requiring untenable dynamical choreography in phase space. However, I will argue that imperialistic issues arise even in local statistical mechanics; if we tolerate them here, we should tolerate them in the Mentaculus. In an attempt to sidestep these issues, some have suggested swapping the Statistical Postulate for a set of initial distributions claimed to yield the same thermodynamic predictions but indeterminacy elsewhere. I show that the result is still largely imperialistic, but for this very reason might be preferable to the standard Mentaculus as providing the same goods from weaker assumptions.
The phenomenology of aging
Authors: Klausen Søren Harnow
Published: November 2024

What does it mean to become older? This question cannot be answered by biology or sociology alone but must be addressed by studying how aging appears to aging persons and to others who encounter them. The paper presents the outline of such a phenomenological analysis of aging. In contrast to a problematic tendency to reduce phenomenology to the study of first-person experience, it is suggested that aging should be understood as a complex process comprising of both subjective and objective (mental, social and biological) elements, and as partly transcendent to experience, that is, not completely transparent to the aging person. In this it resembles physical and other “transcendent” objects as described by early phenomenologists like Husserl. It is further shown how Marcel Proust’s elaborate description of aging in the last volume of his Remembrance of Time Past can support and contribute to such an analysis, and how it is supported or at least compatible with findings from contemporary gerontology and cognitive psychology.
Construction of biphenylene dimers and surface-bound layers to explore donor-acceptor interactions
Authors: Molnár Kristóf P. , Dobszay Rita , Szabó Pál T. , Holzbauer Tamás , Kunfi Attila , London Gábor
Published: November 2024

Molecular complexes based on donor-acceptor interactions that involve π-systems with antiaromatic character are rarely studied. Herein, we report the synthesis of biphenylene derivatives as potential electron donor components in π-complexes. Molecules with two connected biphenylene units are suitable to probe the formation of differently folded complexes in solution, while biphenylene derivatives with a pendant triethoxysilane group can be used to functionalize solid surfaces and probe interfacial donor-acceptor complex formation. Our results show clear indication of complex formation in solution; however, no observable interaction was found on the surface using UV-vis spectroscopy.
Robotic upcycling and recycling: unraveling the era of sustainable in-space manufacturing
Authors: Rai Mini C. , Nair Manu H. , Schaefer Dirk , Detry Renaud , Poozhiyil Mithun , Rybicka Justyna , Dulanty Shan , Gotz Josie , Roa Maximo A. , Lampariello Roberto , Govindaraj Shashank , Gancet Jeremi
Published: November 2024

Advancements in material science, manufacturing and sensor technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things have paved the way for fabricating new parts using additive manufacturing in microgravity conditions. NASA has successfully demonstrated 3D printing onboard the International Space Station (ISS), though at a minor scale. Nevertheless, the parts built onboard the ISS were returned to Earth for further testing and verification. The logistics of bi-directional transportation of raw materials from Earth to ISS and 3D-printed parts from ISS back to Earth is complex, expensive, and slow. Harnessing materials from space to establish in-orbit manufacturing as a sustainable process is both technically and economically challenging. The potential to reuse, repurpose or recycle space debris is not well studied, though there is an increasing momentum in Active Debris Removal (ADR) missions. Unlike the standard research or review paper, this is a visionary paper in which the authors explicitly address the intersection between space debris removal and in-space manufacturing. This paper defines a pathway towards implementing an operational in-orbit manufacturing and debris removal model. For the first time, the authors introduce the application of Cloud-Based Design and Manufacturing (CBDM) for in-space manufacturing in this paper. The paper aims to define a roadmap towards implementing a space operational model for in-orbit manufacturing and debris removal. Future enabling technologies that will leverage the advances in robotics, automation, and Space 5.0-based solutions to create a new environmentally friendly and economically profitable orbital ecosystem are presented. The authors analyze the pros and cons of robotic ADR, upcycling and recycling space debris for on-demand manufacturing in orbit and present a systematic approach to implementing in-orbit manufacturing as a new frontier. Recommendations are made to establish an imminent Earth-independent space logistics and supply chain system for operating an orbital factory or warehouse that will help realize a suite of in-orbit manufacturing, maintenance, and assembly missions.
Bipolar nanochannels: the effects of an electroosmotic instability. Part 1. Steady-state response
Authors: Abu-Rjal Ramadan , Green Yoav
Published: November 2024

The steady-state current–voltage response of ion-selective systems varies as the number of ion-selective components is varied. For the highly investigated unipolar system, including only one ion-selective component, it has been shown that above a supercritical voltage, an electroosmotic instability is triggered, leading to overlimiting currents. In contrast, the effects of this instability on the current–voltage response of the second most common system of a bipolar system, including two oppositely charged permselective regions, have yet to be reported. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the steady-state electrical response of bipolar systems as we vary the ratio of the charge within the two oppositely charged regions. The responses are divided into those with an internal symmetry related to the surface charge and those without. In contrast to the unipolar systems, bipolar systems with the internal symmetry do not exhibit overlimiting currents and their steady-state response is identical to the convectionless steady-state response. In contrast, the systems without the internal symmetry exhibit much more complicated behaviour. For positive voltages, they have overlimiting currents, while for negative voltages, they do not have overlimiting currents. Our findings contribute to a more profound understanding of the behaviour of the current–voltage response in bipolar systems.
The homology of moduli spaces of 4-manifolds may be infinitely generated
Authors: Konno Hokuto
Published: November 2024

For a simply-connected closed manifold X of

$\dim X \neq 4$

, the mapping class group

$\pi _0(\mathrm {Diff}(X))$

is known to be finitely generated. We prove that analogous finite generation fails in dimension 4. Namely, we show that there exist simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds whose mapping class groups are not finitely generated. More generally, for each

$k>0$

, we prove that there are simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds X for which

$H_k(B\mathrm {Diff}(X);\mathbb {Z})$

are not finitely generated. The infinitely generated subgroup of

$H_k(B\mathrm {Diff}(X);\mathbb {Z})$

which we detect are topologically trivial, and unstable under the connected sum of

$S^2 \times S^2$

. These results are proven by constructing and computing an infinite family of characteristic classes using Seiberg–Witten theory.
Quasi-steady transitions in confined convection
Authors: Yanagisawa Takatoshi , Takano Sota , Noto Daisuke , Kameyama Masanori , Tasaka Yuji
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of geometrical confinement on thermal convection by laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations using Hele-Shaw geometries (typically the gap-to-height aspect ratio

$0.12$

) for the Prandtl number

$Pr \geq 40$

and the Rayleigh number

$Ra \leq 6 \times 10^7$

. Under such strong unidirectional confinement, the convective flows are forced to squeeze within the narrow gap and exhibit unique spatiotemporal signatures, which contrast those in unconfined systems. With the increase of

$Ra$

, we identify that the system experiences five convective regimes that can be classified from two aspects, time dependency and flow dimensionality: (I) quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2-D) steady flow; (II) quasi-2-D flow with oscillatory corner rolls; (III) three-dimensional (3-D) flow with oscillatory corner rolls; (IV) 3-D steady flow; and (V) 3-D time-dependent motion of plumes around sidewalls. Notably, unsteadiness does not emerge globally, but is localised near the sidewalls as oscillatory corner rolls, resulting in the regime transitions happening in a quasi-steady manner. We confirm that these regime transitions show less dependence on both

$Pr$

and the other (wider) horizontal scale of the geometry. Moreover, we find that a recently proposed criterion ‘degree of confinement’ (Noto et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 121, issue 28, 2024, e2403699121) successfully explains the emergence of 3-D structures, expanding its applicable range to smaller

$Ra$

. This study deepens the comprehension of the thermal convection emerging in tight geometries, impacting across disciplines, such as Earth and planetary science, and thermal engineering.
Interpersonal violence moderates sustained-transient threat co-activation in the vmPFC and amygdala in a community sample of youth
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Joseph Jane E. , Adams Zachary W. , Crum Kathleen I. , Sege Christopher T. , McTeague Lisa M. , Hajcak Greg , Halliday Colleen A. , Danielson Carla Kmett
Published: November 2024

The increased risk for psychopathology associated with interpersonal violence exposure (IPV, e.g., physical abuse, sexual assault) is partially mediated by neurobiological alterations in threat-related processes. Evidence supports parsing neural circuitry related to transient and sustained threat, as they appear to be separable processes with distinct neurobiological underpinnings. Although childhood is a sensitive period for neurodevelopment, most prior work has been conducted in adult samples. Further, it is unknown how IPV exposure may impact transient-sustained threat neural interactions. The current study tested the moderating role of IPV exposure on sustained vmPFC-transient amygdala co-activation during an fMRI task during which threat and neutral cues were predictably or unpredictably presented. Analyses were conducted in a sample of 212 community-recruited youth (M/SDage = 11.77/2.44 years old; 51.9% male; 56.1% White/Caucasian). IPV-exposed youth evidenced a positive sustained vmPFC-transient amygdala co-activation, while youth with no IPV exposure did not show this association. Consistent with theoretical models, effects were specific to unpredictable, negative trials and to exposure to IPV (i.e., unrelated to non-IPV traumatic experiences). Although preliminary, these findings provide novel insight into how childhood IPV exposure may alter neural circuity involved in specific facets of threat processing.
The effect of low birthweight on physical activity engagement and markers of chronic disease in the Framingham cohort
Authors: Leszczynski Eric C. , Vasold Kerri , Ferguson David P. , Pivarnik James M.
Published: November 2024

While physical activity reduces the risk for chronic disease development, evidence suggests those experiencing early life growth-restriction do not express positive adaptations in response to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low birthweight (LBW) on markers of chronic disease, adult physical activity, and the response to physical activity engagement in a longitudinal human cohort study. Data from the Framingham Offspring Cohort were organized to include participants with birthweight, physical activity, and chronic disease biomarker/treatment data available at two timepoints (exam 5 and exam 9, 19-year difference). A two-way ANCOVA was performed to determine the association of LBW and sex on physical activity engagement (63.0% female, 10.4% LBW). A multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the associations of low birthweight and sex on chronic disease development while adjusting for physical activity. LBW was associated with elevated blood glucose and triglycerides (Exam 9). Though not statistically significant (p = 0.08), LBW females potentially spent more time in sedentary activity at exam 5 than LBW males and normal birthweight (NBW) females. LBW males spent significantly more time (p = 0.03) sedentary at exam 9 compared to NBW males and LBW females. There were no differences in the likelihood of chronic disease treatment between groups. Chronic disease biomarkers remained elevated when adjusted for total physical activity. In conclusion, LBW participants in the Framingham Offspring Cohort were not more likely to be treated for chronic diseases when controlling for physical activity engagement, though biomarkers of chronic disease remained elevated.
Uniform blue emitting carbon nanodots synthesized from fig fruit using reverse diffusion purification
Authors: Alassafi Jamaan E. , Al-Hadeethi Yas , Aida Mohammed S. , Roqan Iman S. , Al-Shehri Samar F. , Ansari Mohammad S. , Alamodi Samer , Chen Mingguang
Published: November 2024

In this investigation, blue-emitting carbon nanodots (B.CNDs) with exceptional color purity were successfully synthesized from fresh fig fruit using a one-step pyrolysis method. These B.CNDs are small and spherical (3.7 nm) with an amorphous carbon core encapsulated inside a passivated layer primarily composed of oxygen-related functional groups. They demonstrated an emission property that is independent of excitation, showing the highest emission intensity in the deep blue region at 450 nm with a narrow full-width at half maximum (FWHM) at 44 nm and a quantum yield of 15.5%. This exceptional value of FWHM is attributed to the remarkable uniformity in both morphological and chemical composition that was achieved through the utilization of the reverse diffusion technique combined with the dialysis method for purification and separation of B.CNDs. This work not only contributes to the expanding field of carbon nanomaterials but also introduces a novel and sustainable approach to fabricate CDs with unparalleled color purity and optical performance.
Enhancing the solubility and antibacterial activity of novel molecular salts of enrofloxacin drug with isomeric pyridinedicarboxylic acids
Authors: Hushcha Valeryia , Ben Anna , Felczak Aleksandra , Lisowska Katarzyna , Kinart Zdzisław , Gacki Michał , Chęcińska Lilianna
Published: November 2024

Enrofloxacin (EFX) is a third-generation synthetic fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity but suffers from low water solubility, affecting its bioavailability. This study attempts to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of enrofloxacin by converting it into multicomponent forms using crystal engineering concepts. Cocrystallization of enrofloxacin with isomeric pyridine-2,n-dicarboxylic acids (n = 3,4,5,6) resulted in four new crystalline salts (1:1): EFX·Py2,3DCA, EFX·Py2,4DCA, EFX·Py2,5DCA·H2O and EFX·Py2,6DCA·H2O; two of these are monohydrates. The protonation of the nitrogen atom of the piperazine moiety and the presence of crystallization water molecules were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis provided information on the thermal behaviour of multicomponent forms. The biological studies showed that the obtained salts are characterized by high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and their haemolytic activity is low. The new salts demonstrate significantly greater solubility in water compared to the parent drug, along with enhanced antibacterial activity; hence, pyridinedicarboxylic acids appear to be efficient cocrystallizing agents for improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients.
Nanocarbon eco-hydrogel kit: on-site visual metal ion sensing and dye cleanup, advancing the circular economy in environmental remediation
Authors: Nille Omkar S. , Kolekar Akanksha G. , Devre Pooja V. , Koparde Sneha V. , Sawat Aniket H. , Sohn Daewon , Patole Shashikant P. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Gore Anil H. , Kolekar Govind B.
Published: November 2024

The naked-eye detection of hazardous pollutants through simple and cost-effective techniques with greener and circular economy approach is of great interest to the scientific community and related stakeholders in analytical science.
Suitable thickness of the adhesive layer facilitates the release of thermal stress in AlN crystals
Authors: Cao Wenhao , Wang Shouzhi , Yu Ruixian , Wang Guodong , Zhu Yajun , Wu Yuzhu , Lv Lingshuang , Liu Jingliang , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2024

In this work, the relation between the thickness of the adhesive layer and the thermal stress was investigated and the optimal adhesive thickness was determined by a combination of theoretical and experimental methods.
Robustness and stability of the l-carnosine copper(ii) dimer: changes in the copper coordination sphere upon heating/solvent substitution
Authors: Mrvoš-Sermek Draginja , Tašner Marina , Vušak Darko , Judaš Nenad , Wzgarda-Raj Kinga , Đilović Ivica , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka
Published: November 2024

Carnosine coordination compounds have been the subject of much research. The presented temperature-dependent structural and spectroscopic analyses indicate the robustness and reactivity of the activated coordinatively unsaturated Cu(car)2 dimer.
Solubility of selected polymers in cyclohexane: comparison between Flory–Huggins interaction parameters calculated using three different molecular dynamics simulation approaches
Authors: Costa Gabriel P. , Stoyanov Stanislav R. , Liu Qi , Choi Phillip
Published: November 2024

The selection of an appropriate method for the prediction of polymer solubility in organic solvents requires a structured pathway for balancing accuracy with computational efficiency.
Host molecules inside metal–organic frameworks: host@MOF and guest@host@MOF (Matrjoschka) materials
Authors: Wu Qiao , Liang Jun , Wang Dan , Wang Ruihu , Janiak Christoph
Published: November 2024

This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the definition and development of host@MOF materials, where organic macrocycles, cages, metal–organic polyhedrons or enzymes have been encapsulated in the pores of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
Electro-oxidative upgrading of lignite alkali-soluble derivatives for clean production of fulvic acids using NiCo-LDH@NiC2O4/NF anode
Authors: Ge Haiyan , Zhou Jining , Wang Zhicai , Yan Xiaobiao , Pan Chunxiu , Lei Zhiping , Li Zhanku , Yan Jingchong , Zhang Weidong , Ren Shibiao , Kang Shigang , Shui Hengfu
Published: November 2024

Using NiCo-LDH@NiC2O4/NF as an anode, the present works provides a selectively electro-oxidative upgrading of lignite alkali-soluble derivatives for clean production of fulvic acids.
Functionalization of pyrimidine and purine into RNA bases in water/ammonia ices via radical substitution reactions
Authors: Nikolayev Anatoliy A. , Evseev Mikhail M. , Krasnoukhov Vladislav S. , Kuznetsova Alina A. , Pivovarov Pavel P. , Porfiriev Denis P. , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: November 2024

Pyrimidine and purine can be functionalized into cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine in protic ices through NH2-for-H and OH-for-H substitution reactions. The barrier for rate-controlling OH-to-N H migration is greatly reduced inside ices.
An overview of vine water status assessment
Authors: Salgado-Pirata Madalena , Marques da Silva José Rafael
Published: November 2024

In regions influenced by the Mediterranean climate, the distribution of rainfall is uneven throughout the year, with rainfall concentrated in winter and hot, dry summers, which is being boosted by climate change towards a worsening of this situation. Due to the high socioeconomic relevance of viticulture in these regions, monitoring the vine water status is extremely important. Although vineyards are typically a rainfed crop, water stress can result in quantitative and qualitative production losses, and irreversible damage to plants. The complexity of grapevine’s physiological response to water availability can be measured through indicators, which quantify the degree of stress the plants are under, and thus decisions can be made on this basis. Therefore, this work describes the main water stress indicators used in viticulture, as well as the particularities of each one and the relationship between them, contributing to a better understanding.
Interaktives Zeichnen als pflegetherapeutische Intervention
Authors: Rothe Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Wie viele Augenlider hat ein Kamel? Und welches Tier kann auch rückwärts fliegen? Beim interaktiven Zeichnen geht es darum, durch gemeinschaftliches „Strippenziehen“ die richtigen Antworten zu finden. Wie die pflegetherapeutische Gruppe Körper, Geist und Seele von Patientinnen und Patienten auf einer Kriseninterventionsstation in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie aktivieren kann, erfahren Sie im Interventionskoffer.
Zwangsmedikation als Barriere im Beziehungsaufbau – eine kritisch-reflexive Aufarbeitung entlang des Caring-Konzepts
Authors: Köllner Hans Peter
Published: November 2024

Zwangsmedikation kann eine therapeutische Notwendigkeit auf Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrien sein, um akut bedrohliches Geschehen zu deeskalieren. Oft bleiben die Patienten, aber auch das Personal nach einer solchen Maßnahme irritiert zurück. Dieser Umstand wirkt störend auf den pflegetherapeutischen Beziehungsaufbau. Eine caring-sensible Reflexion der Pflegepersonen adressiert diese Herausforderungen, fördert deren professionelle Entwicklung und trägt zur gelingenden Pflegepraxis bei.
Bone Tumors of the Jaw – the “Blind Spot” for Radiologists Experienced with Tumors? – Part II
Authors: Grieser Thomas , Hirsch Edgar , Tödtmann Ninette
Published: November 2024

Primary bone tumours of the jaw are rare tumoral entities and do substantially differ from other bone tumours of the human body with respect of their frequently encountered unusual radiological appearances. The reason for that may be confined to the co-existence of two closely neighbored but different anatomical structures (i.e., tooth-forming apparatus and jaw bones with adjacent gingiva) and some tumour pathologies which are nearly excusively encountered in the jaw bones only (e.g., ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, ghost cell carcinoma).

This paper would like to highlight some basic principles of the diagnostic approach and possibilities of radiological differentiation of such tumour-suspicious changes within the gnathic system are elucidated and discussed.

The paper presented here is substantially based on the most recent classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial tumours (5th edition, 2022) which serves as a scaffold for the selection of typical tumour entities. Due to the educational character of this paper, only important jaw tumours worth mentioning and their characteristics are subject to be extracted from the literature and further discussed.

The main focus was put onto both the description of radiological tumoral appearance and the rational selection of a radiological diagnostic work-up. In order to better visualize this difficult field of tumour entities, much attention has been paid on a comprehensive pictorial essay.

For radiologists, it is their foremast task to detect, describe, and to classify bone tumours of the jaw when they are found intentionally or accidentally, resp. A close co-operation with their clinical partners is of upmost importance to gain information about patient´s history and clinical presentation. It is readily reasonable that radiologists are mostly able to provide only a suggestion of the presented tumour entity but this expert opinion would be very helpful to further narrow down the list of potential differential diagnoses (e.g., differentiation of a cyst vs. solid tumour osteolysis, identification of jaw osteomyelitis vs. tumoral infiltration, recognizing of secondary tumour involvement of the jaw).
Pflegefrust
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: November 2024

Das Aus der Ampel-Regierung führt allerorten zu Verdruss. Auch die Profession Pflege wird sich mal wieder
gedulden müssen, denn ihre Belange stehen bei Kanzler Scholz nicht gerade oben auf der Agenda.
BAPID: Bildungsarchitektur Pflege in Deutschland
Authors: Genz Katharina , von Gahlen-Hoops Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Angesichts zahlreicher fordernder Aufgaben in der Zukunft muss die Pflege hierzulande neu gedacht werden.
Einen Vorschlag, dem zu begegnen, bietet das vom DPR in Auftrag gegebene Projekt „BAPID“
(Bildungsarchitektur Pflege in Deutschland).
50 Jahre Bundesverband Pflegemanagement
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: November 2024

Der Verband feiert seine Vergangenheit und seine Zukunft – und hat allen Grund dazu: Der Abend war
gefüllt mit Blicken auf wichtige Meilensteine, regem Austausch und endete mit einer tollen Party samt
guter Stimmung.
Der kleine große Unterschied
Authors: Koch Peter
Published: November 2024

Das Thema Führung in der Langzeitpflege unterscheidet sich wesentlich von weiteren Bereichen des
Gesundheitswesens. Gleichwohl gibt es Führungsansätze, die auch in diesem Setting immer mehr Beachtung
finden, wie etwa das Thema New Work.
Effect of Bacteroides on Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wei Xuanyu , Tang Dong
Published: November 2024

Crohn’s disease (CD), also known as cicatrizing enteritis, is an inflammatory bowel disease that occurs in the distal ileum and right colon of unknown cause and is also called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent years, intestinal biota have been confirmed to play a significant role in various gastrointestinal diseases. Studies have found that intestinal microbiota disorders are closely associated with the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease. Bacteroidetes, the second largest microbiota in the intestine, are crucial for equilibrium in the microbiota and intestinal environment. Certain Bacteroides can induce the development of Crohn’s disease and aggravate intestinal inflammation directly or through their metabolites. Conversely, certain Bacteroides can reduce intestinal inflammation and symptoms of Crohn’s disease. This article reviews the effect of several intestinal Bacteroides in the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease and their impact on its treatment.
Interferential Current Stimulation Enhances Rectal Motor Activity: Insights from an Isolated Perfused Porcine Model
Authors: Martel Richard , Boettcher Michael , Klinke Petrowsky Michaela , Hoyos Nicolas Andres , Herrmann Irmgard , Magerl Walter , Herrmann Martin
Published: November 2024

Introduction Interferential current (IFC) has been studied in several clinical trials for the treatment of bowel motility disorders, most often in children. However, only moderate effects are reported, and in contrast to IFC, the so-called placebo application is indiscernible. The mechanisms and neuroanatomic points of action remain elusive. Therefore, this therapy remains being questioned.

Methods To gain objective experimental data about IFC stimulation, we examined this method ex vivo in an isolated perfused porcine rectum including the mesorectum. To elucidate the role of plexus nerve fibers and enteric ganglia, we performed IFC stimulation also in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or hexamethonium (HXN). We applied the commonly used stimulation modes with a beat frequency sweeping between 5 and 25 Hz (IFCd5–25) and 80 and 150 Hz (IFCd80–150). We monitored intraluminal pressure and motility by online barometry and video recording, respectively. Motor activity, reflected by changes in the intraluminal pressure (cm H2O·s−1) and longitudinal movements (pixels·s−1), was quantified over time as root mean squares (RMSs).

Results After IFCd5–25, we observed a 30% increase in the rectal motility in the pressure changes which was sustained over 30 minutes post-stimulation (p < 0.02); only a minor effect was detected for IFCd80–150. Both TTX and HTX abolished the stimulation. This suggests neuronal modulation.

Conclusion IFCd5–25 stimulates rectal motor activity in the isolated perfused porcine rectum. Ganglia in the enteric nervous system are modulated to allow increased activity for at least 30 minutes. Therefore, the isolated porcine rectum is a suitable tool to study the effectiveness of various IFC settings in the rectum.
Fetal Growth Restriction: A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Nadel Allan , Prabhu Malavika , Kaimal Anjali
Published: November 2024

An accurate diagnosis of fetal growth restriction relies on a precise estimation of gestational age based on a carefully obtained history as well as early ultrasound, since a difference of just a few days can lead to a significant error. There is a continuum of risk for adverse outcome that depends on the certainty of dates and presence or absence of comorbidities, in addition to the estimated fetal weight percentile and the umbilical artery waveform. The results of several studies, most notably the TRUFFLE trial, demonstrate that optimal management of fetal growth restriction with an abnormal umbilical artery waveform requires daily electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, and this monitoring does not require computerized interpretation. The role of ductus venosus waveform, biophysical profile, and middle cerebral artery waveform is less clear, and the results of these three modalities should be interpreted with caution.

Key Points
The Vascular Anatomy and Harvesting of the Lateral Femoral Condyle Flap in Pigs
Authors: Zuo Yanhai , Xiao Shouyun , Zhou Xinchu , Yi Lei
Published: November 2024

Background Clinically, there has been increasing employment of the lateral femoral condyle flap. The objective of this study was to explore the vascular anatomy of the lateral femoral condyle in pigs and to explore the feasibility of using pigs as an animal model of the lateral femoral condyle flap.

Methods A total of 20 fresh cadaveric hindlimbs of 4-week-old hybrid pigs were used in this study. The origination, course, and branches of the nourishing vessels of the lateral femoral condyle were observed in 15 specimens. The primary parameters included the variability in the anatomy of the vessels and the length and outer diameter of the vessels. Surgical procedures for the lateral femoral condyle flap were conducted on five specimens.

Results The primary nourishing arteries of the lateral femoral condyle in pigs were the first superolateral geniculate artery, which was observed in all 15 specimens and had a diameter and length of 1.99 ± 0.44 mm and 2.27 ± 0.46 cm, respectively, as measured at their origination. The operation was performed in the lateral position. A 10-cm skin incision was made from the lower edge of the patella to the posterior lateral side of the distal femur. After blunt dissection of the intermuscular septum between the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis, the whole course of the first superolateral geniculate artery was exposed.

Conclusion The vascular anatomy of the lateral femoral condyle in pigs and that of humans exhibited great similarities. The harvesting of the lateral femoral condyle flap in pigs was as easy as that in humans. Pigs could serve as a suitable animal model for the lateral femoral condyle flap.
Two-Carbon Homologation of Aldehydes: An Efficient Route to Difluoromethyl Alkynes
Authors: Zhu Shengqing , Chu Lingling , Shao Liang , Ren Shuaikang , Li Jing , Tang Chuqian
Published: November 2024

We report a simple and efficient two-carbon homologation method to directly convert aldehydes into difluoromethyl alkynes by using readily accessible and stable diphenyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphine oxide [Ph2P(=O)CH2CF3]. The conditions for this reaction are compatible with a broad range of aldehydes. Deuterium-labeling experiments suggest that the reaction probably involves a key rearrangement of aryl difluoroallenes generated in situ.
Acoustic size effect and sound-attenuation anisotropy in layered metallic structures
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V.
Published: November 2024

The frequency and angular dependences of the sound attenuation in layered structures ...NINI... and ...NSNS... (N is a normal metal, S is a superconductor, and I is a dielectric) are investigated theoretically. The possibility of simplifying Maxwell’s equations for sound-induced electric fields in a metal is analyzed. A sharp anisotropy of sound attenuation due to the quasi-two-dimensional character of motion of electronic excitations in layered structures is found in the region of strong spatial dispersion. “Giant” oscillations of sound attenuation are found for the .....NINI..... structure, corresponding to commensurability of normal layer thickness and sound wave length.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation in A-15 intermetallides near T
c
Authors: Skripov A. V. , Stepanov A. P.
Published: November 2024

An anomalous enhancement of spin–lattice relaxation rate has been observed in the intermetallides V3Ga, V3Si, and Nb3Al in the normal state near the superconducting transition temperature. Order parameter fluctuations above the critical temperature are believed to be responsible for this effect. Impurities are shown to destroy the relaxation rate anomaly.
Resistive state in a system of parametrically coupled Josephson bridges
Authors: Khlus V. A. , Omel’yanchuk A. N. , Kulik I. O.
Published: November 2024

The “self-synchronization” effect is studied, i.e., the exact coincidence of Josephson generation frequencies in intersecting superconducting bridges. A parametric interaction appears, which is due to the proximity effect, i.e., to the change in the order-parameter modulus in the region of the junction contact. The “voltage locking” region in the plane of the current-transport and current-control circuits is determined by computer-aided numerical calculations.
Sound absorption in a magnetic field at the 2 1/2-order phase transition
Authors: Ivanova T. V. , Kaganov M. I.
Published: November 2024

We have calculated the dependence of the electronic part of the sound-absorption coefficient in a magnetic field on the parameter z which describes the proximity to the 2 1/2-order phase transition. It is shown that from the side of the 2 1/2-order phase transition where the Fermi surface contains a small cavity, the absorption coefficient should display a Γ(z)∼z−1/2 rise. The function Γ(z) should have a maximum near z = 0.
Structure, elementary excitation spectrum, and thermodynamic properties of solid oxygen
Authors: Krupskiǐ I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Freĭman Yu. A. , Erenburg A. I.
Published: November 2024

Results of experimental and theoretical studies of solid oxygen are presented. The orientational structure and thermal expansion have been studied for all three crystal modifications. Magnon and libron excitation spectra have been calculated. Based on the analysis of structural, thermodynamic, spectral, and magnetic properties, solid oxygen is shown to be a quasi-two-dimensional magnetic material.
Dilatometric study of thermal expansion of single-crystal rhenium at 2−300°K
Authors: Petrenko N. S. , Popov V. P.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents experimental data on the coefficients of thermal expansion for high-purity single-crystal rhenium along and perpendicular to the hexagonal axis in the temperature range 2−300 °K. Rhenium has been found to display negative thermal expansion along the c axis below 10°K.
On the ferrorotational transition in solid hydrogen at very low ortho-fractions
Authors: Kokshenev V. B.
Published: November 2024

On the basis of a model Hamiltonian for a dilute solid solution of ortho-para-hydrogen, a theory is suggested for the orientational phase transition which Gaines et al. recently discovered in NMR studies at temperatures of about 0.18°K and ortho-fractions of about 10−3. The paper discusses the possibility of a long-range orientational order (of the ferromagnetic, ferrorotational type) arising in the ortho-subsystem of solid hydrogen as the result of coupling of the rotations of ortho-molecules with the lattice vibrations. Equations for the order parameter and the critical temperature are derived in the simplest molecular-field approximation. The estimate of the critical temperature is in agreement with the experimental value to within the order of magnitude.