bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of Racial Disparities in Cangrelor Therapy in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Abusnina Waiel , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Lupu Lior , Haberman Dan , Cellamare Matteo , Sawant Vaishnavi , Zhang Cheng , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Hashim Hayder D. , Case Brian C. , Waksman Ron
Published: February 2025

Background

Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 receptor antagonist that exerts rapid and potent antiplatelet effects. It is associated with a reduction in the indcidence of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Aims

The aim of our study was to investigate the racial disparities and their impact on outcomes among patients with ACS who were treated with cangrelor during PCI.

Methods

We reviewed the data of patients with ACS who were treated with cangrelor during PCI at our center from 2018 to 2023 and divided between African American (AA) and Caucasian patients. The primary safety outcome was in‐hospital thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. The primary efficacy outcome was in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, MI, or stroke. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the primary outcomes after controlling for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results

The study included 1181 patients who received cangrelor during PCI for ACS, including 616 AA and 565 Caucasian patients. AA patients were significantly younger (61 ± 13 vs. 64 ± 12 years; p < 0.001) and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and end‐stage renal disease requiring dialysis. There were no significant differences between AA and Caucasian patients regarding in‐hospital TIMI major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–1.88; p = 0.343) and in‐hospital MACE (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.71–4.69; p = 0.212) after controlling for relevant baseline differences.

Conclusion

No racial disparities were observed with regard to the administration of cangrelor during PCI in patients presenting with ACS, and cangrelor was not associated with increased bleeding for AA patients as compared to Caucasian patients.
Tailoring P2/P3‐Intergrowth in Manganese‐Based Layered Transition Metal Oxide Positive Electrodes via Sodium Content for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Graff Kincaid , Hou Dewen , Gabriel Eric , Park Jehee , Koisch Alex , Schrock Riley , Conrado Angel , Schwartz Darin , Gutierrez Arturo , Johnson Christopher S. , Lee Eungje , Xiong Hui
Published: February 2025

High‐manganese content sodium‐ion positive electrodes have received heightened interest as an alternative to contemporary Li‐ion chemistries due to their high abundance, low toxicity, and even geographical distribution. However, these materials typically suffer from poor capacity, unstable cycling performance, and sluggish Na+ kinetics. Herein, we explore a manganese‐based layered transition metal oxide (NaxN0.25Mn0.75O2) and show by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) that careful variation of the sodium content can instigate the formation of a biphasic intergrowth. This intergrown P2/P3 material offered a higher capacity than its monophasic P2 counterpart due to the P3 structure having greater low‐voltage Mn3+/4+ redox. Further, the intergrowth material offers greatly enhanced kinetics and cycling stability when compared to single‐phase P3 material, due to the stabilizing nature of the P2 structure, elucidated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. These results highlight the beneficial effect that the intergrowth structure has on the electrochemical performance of high‐manganese content positive electrode for future sodium‐ion batteries.
Gesundheitscheck für Elektrolyseure
Authors: Müller Bernd
Published: February 2025

Das Monitoring der Zellspannung ist ein untrügliches Zeichen für den Gesundheitszustand von Elektrolyseuren. Mit einer patentierten Technologie und einer dünneren Membran von nur 18 μm hat Hystar den weltweit effizientesten Stack für PEM‐Elektrolyseure entwickelt. Das Unternehmen misst die Zellspannung, um Sicherheit und Effizienz zu überwachen.
The Predictive Value of Circulating Gal‐3 for New Stroke Events in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients Despite Oral Anticoagulation Medications
Authors: Wang Yihan , Luan Qianran , Dong Ying , Zhu Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

Background

CHA2DS2‐VASc is used to assess the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and guide anticoagulant treatment decisions, but it has limitations in accurately predicting stroke risk in individual patients. The objective of this study is to conduct a cohort study by assessing preoperative levels of Gal‐3 in paroxysmal AF patients, aiming to observe its correlation with the subsequent incidence of stroke events.

Method

This study enrolled 197 patients with nonvalvular paroxysmal AF. Blood samples were taken to test Gal‐3 levels. All patients were followed up for 4 years after admission.

Results

Compared to the nonstroke cases, serum levels of Gal‐3 were markedly elevated in stroke cases (7.08 [IQR, 4.60–10.96] vs. 17.34 [IQR, 8.28–20.31], p < 0.001). Gal‐3 yields a superior AUC (0.748, with a 95%CI of 0.681–0.807) compared to other classical stroke indices, such as BNP, CHA2DS2‐Vas score, and TNI. Remarkably, the Gal‐3 index exhibited a superior predictive capacity, yielding a significant incremental predictive value that surpassed the conventional risk factors (CHA2DS2‐VASc score) for stroke events, as evidenced by an IDI of 16.4% (p < 0.001) and an NRI of 34.7% (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The presence of Gal‐3 is an independent risk factor for stroke in patients with AF. Elevated levels of Gal‐3 have the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying incident strokes in AF patients. Furthermore, incorporating the assessment of Gal‐3 levels into the conventional CHA2DS2‐VASc score could significantly enhance its predictive accuracy for stroke in AF patients.
Multifunctional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Hao Zhendong , Li Wenjie , Cao Shihai , Dai Yuming , Cong Yuan , Tao Xuewei , Ju Jia
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are one promising electrochemical energy storage system attributed to their high theoretical capacity, relatively low cost as well as high safety. Nevertheless, the formation for zinc dendrites at the anode side severely impedes their electrochemical performance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as promising porous materials, possess some broad application prospects in advanced energy storage and conversion systems and they have demonstrated their versatility in settling the issues for zinc metal anodes. In this current review, the multifunctionality of COFs is reviewed. The overview toward zinc metal anodes is firstly overviewed. Then, multifunctional covalent organic frameworks toward stable zinc metal anodes is summarized. By construction of nanoporous structure, introduction of negative charges and utilization of zincophilic properties, COFs could act as protective layers for ZIBs. In addition, COFs have been utilized as the anode materials, separators and electrolytes in AZIBs. Finally, some perspective of COFs toward highly stable AZIBs are presented. This review could plat a platform for the application of the porous materials in advanced high‐energy‐density batteries.
DHARANI: A 3D Developing Human‐Brain Atlas Resource to Advance Neuroscience Internationally Integrated Multimodal Imaging and High‐Resolution Histology of the Second Trimester
Authors: Verma Richa , Bota Mihail , Ram Keerthi , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Folkerth Rebecca , Pandurangan Karthika , Ramesh Jivitha Jyothi , Majumder Moitrayee , Raveendran Rakshika , Nanda Reetuparna , K Sivamani , S Amal Dhivahar , Karthik Srinivasa , Kumarasami Ramdayalan , S Suresh , Lata S. , Kumar E. Harish , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Srinivasan Chitra , Kumutha Jayaraman , Vasudevan Sudha , Bhat Koushik , Sam C Chrisline , Neelakantan Sivathanu , Savoia Stephen , Mitra Partha P. , Joseph Jayaraj , Manger Paul R. , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar
Published: February 2025

We introduce DHARANI, the first online platform with three‐dimensional (3D) histological reconstructions of the developing human brain from 14 to 24 gestational weeks (GW) across the five fetal brains. DHARANI features 5132 Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin stained, 20 µm coronal and sagittal sections, postmortem MRI, and a neuroanatomical atlas with 466 annotated sections covering ∼500 brain structures. It is accessible online at https://brainportal.humanbrain.in/publicview/index.html. The 3D reconstruction enables a volumetric view of the fetal brain, allowing visualization in all three planes akin to MRI, previously unachievable with histological datasets from the fetal brain. This allowed qualitative assessment of the growth of brain regions and layers throughout the second trimester. “DHARANI” documents the initiation of sulci, with the lateral fissure, calcarine, parieto‐occipital, and cingulate sulci, at 14 GW. The central and postcentral sulci appear by 24 GW; however, cytoarchitectonic boundaries become visible before sulcal patterns. Cortical plate (CP) lamination begins at 24 GW in the parietal and occipital cortices. The frontal cortex lacks lamination at 24 GW, although putative Betz cells are already visible and show early patterning in the intermediate zone. The cell‐sparse layer between the CP and subplate, containing late migratory neurons, begins in the orbital cortex at 14 GW and reaches the frontal cortex by 17 GW. The appearance of the honeycomb pattern in the occipital and parietal cortex occurs after 14 GW. Additionally, we describe the development of the thalamic pregeniculate with the rotation of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Cerebellar nuclei and an early Purkinje cell layer appear by 21 GW in the already foliated cerebellar cortex.
Optimizing In Situ Proximity Ligation Assays for Mitochondria, ER, or MERC Markers in Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Cells
Authors: Crabtree Amber , Le Han , Harris Chanel , Oliver Ashton , Barillas Andy , Moore Johnathan , Nguyen Desiree Ngoc‐ha , Rabago Izabella Marie , Rodriguez Benjamin , Stephens Dominique C. , Beasley Heather K. , Garza‐Lopez Edgar , Neikirk Kit , Mungai Margaret , Vang Larry , Vue Zer , Vue Neng , Marshall Andrea G. , Turner Kyrin , Shao Jianqiang , Murray Sandra , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Wanjalla Celestine , Davis Jamaine , Damo Steven , Hinton Antentor O.
Published: February 2025

Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) use specific antibodies to detect endogenous protein‐protein interactions. PLAs are a highly useful biochemical technique that allow two proteins within proximity to be visualized with fluorescent probes amplified by PCR. While this technique has gained prominence, the use of a PLA in mouse skeletal muscle (SkM) is novel. In this article, we discuss how the PLA method can be used in SkM to study the protein‐protein interactions within mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contact sites (MERCs). © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Proximity ligation assay for skeletal muscle tissue and myoblast for MERC proteins
Advantages of ESG Indexes Compared to Traditional Ones in Predicting Stock Prices
Authors: Plastun Alex , Vorontsova Anna , Makarenko Inna , Bilan Yuriy , Khouri Samer , Streimikiene Dalia
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the predictability of traditional and ESG indices in the Ukrainian stock market, examining potential differences between models. The study tests two hypotheses: (H1) ESG indices exhibit lower predictability than traditional indices, and (H2) different forecasting models should be applied to ESG and conventional indices. Various forecasting models, including AR, ARIMA, ARCH, GARCH, TGARCH, Logit, and Probit regressions, are employed, along with additional tests, using daily data from the Ukrainian stock market (UX, PFTS, and WIG indices) spanning 2015–2022. The findings confirm both hypotheses for the case of returns, indicating less predictability for ESG indices and the need for distinct models. For volatility, there is limited evidence supporting Hypothesis 1, but Hypothesis 2 is confirmed. Possible factors explaining the results include higher information transparency, liquidity, and trading activity in ESG indices. The research has implications for academics and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of employing different models for forecasting ESG and traditional indices. It also highlights the preference for traditional indices in trading and speculative activities. The study suggests that a shift toward ESG indices represents a move toward more efficient markets.
Itinerant curriculum theory: People's theory against the field's epistemicidal ethos
Authors: Paraskeva João M.
Published: February 2025

The field of curriculum studies suffers from a glaring theoretical impasse. Much of this impasse has been rightly attributed to the triumphalism of the neoliberal wave that has massacred the educational hemisphere with policies and practices that reduce pedagogy to an instrumentalist praxis directly associated with the thirsty desires and needs of the market. However, another substantive part of this impasse – and not much explored in our scholarly affairs – relates to the apparent breakdown of many critical and post‐critical approaches. The combination of these two axes – completely antagonistic – has contributed to the consolidation of the epistemicidal nature of the curriculum. At the core of this article is a clarion call for all the scholars in the field to counter such an impasse, deterritorializing their approaches and commit to an itinerant position to address the world's endlessly different and diverse epistemological traditions, disestablishing the eugenic nature of our field – its theory and development. The article also explores significant drawbacks faced by counter‐hegemonic impulses in our field. In doing so, this article unveils the challenges of building a hegemonic critical pedagogical platform. It develops a laudatory eulogy for a collective engagement with an itinerant curriculum theory (ICT) as a just people's theory towards social and cognitive justice.
Development and Validity of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire (ARHQ) for Chinese
Authors: He Yuxiao , Tang Jiuqing , Yang Xinyan , Song Zujun , Ding Ning , Jia Yao , Liu Li , Zhao Jingjing
Published: February 2025

The Adult Reading History Questionnaire (ARHQ) is a popular instrument for screening dyslexia in adults. Yet, there is no evidence suggesting its applicability in Chinese. The present study aims to develop a Chinese Adult Reading History Questionnaire (Chinese‐ARHQ) and to assess its validity among Chinese adults. A total of 2439 Chinese adults completed the questionnaire of Chinese‐ARHQ with 2234 questionnaires valid for further analysis (Nmales = 825, Mage = 26.29 years, SDage = 9.12). Among these participants, 184 completed the questionnaire twice and 221 completed reading‐related tests. Results showed that the Chinese‐ARHQ had good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.88), and the test–retest reliability was 0.81. Three factors (current reading, dyslexia symptoms and memory) were extracted through exploratory factor analysis. The scores of Chinese‐ARHQ and its factors were both related to reading and phonological skills, revealing the good criterion validity of the questionnaire. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal threshold for the Chinese‐ARHQ was 0.36 with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 75.9%. Additionally, adults screened by the Chinese‐ARHQ (> 0.36) performed worse in reading and phonological awareness, further validating the Chinese‐ARHQ as a reliable screening tool for Chinese dyslexia in adults.
Bacterial Community Structure in Soils With Fire‐Deposited Charcoal Under Rotational Shifting Cultivation of Upland Rice in Northern Thailand
Authors: Arunrat Noppol , Uttarotai Toungporn , Kongsurakan Praeploy , Sereenonchai Sukanya , Hatano Ryusuke
Published: February 2025

Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) is a traditional agricultural practice in mountainous areas that uses fire to clear land after cutting vegetation for cultivation. However, few studies have assessed the effect of fire‐deposited charcoal on the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, and none have been conducted in Thailand. Therefore, this study was conducted 1 year after a fire in an abandoned 12‐year RSC in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Charcoal samples were collected from the surface litter layer, while charcoal‐soil mixtures were taken from the surface soil (0–2 cm). Soil samples from 2 to 7 cm captured the charcoal‐soluble layer, and samples from 7 to 15 cm represented soil without charcoal incorporation. The results revealed that charcoal led to higher pH and electrical conductivity in the charcoal layer, with notable differences in soil texture across layers, including the highest sand and silt content in the charcoal‐mixed soil layer (0–2 cm). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were significantly higher in the charcoal‐mixed layer compared to deeper layers, indicating improved nutrient retention due to charcoal presence. Enhanced microbial diversity was observed in the charcoal and charcoal‐mixed soil layers, with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetota dominating across all soil samples. The bacterial genus Ilumatobacter exhibited significant changes in abundance in the charcoal layer. Additionally, Pseudolabrys was more abundant in charcoal‐leached soil, while JG30a‐KF‐32 showed greater abundance in soil without charcoal. Shifts in Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota abundance were evident in the charcoal leaching and non‐charcoal layers. Network analysis indicated more complex bacterial interactions in the charcoal‐mixed soil layer, with reduced network complexity observed in the charcoal leaching layer and the layer without charcoal. These findings imply that charcoal provides a favorable environment for diverse and interactive bacterial communities, potentially benefiting soil health and fertility recovery in RSC fields.
A centurial signature of anthropogenic nitrogen and carbon in California serpentine ecosystems
Authors: McLaughlin Blair C. , Vallano Dena M. , Garcia Jeff , Koch Paul L. , Morozumi Connor N. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Zilliacus Kelly M. , Zavaleta Erika S.
Published: February 2025

Increasing anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are major threats to ecosystems globally. Although atmospheric N deposition is likely affecting N cycling and community composition in California's serpentine ecosystems, a historical record of N inputs to vegetation has yet to be reconstructed for these nutrient‐limited biodiversity hotspots. For leather oak (Quercus durata var. durata), a foundational, serpentine‐endemic species, we investigated leaf N and C isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C) and leaf %N of herbarium and modern leaf samples collected from 1899 to 2009 from serpentine ecosystems in two study areas in California: Santa Clara County, and Lake and Napa Counties combined. We also evaluated tree ring growth over a similar time period in long‐lived leather oak individuals. Leaf δ15N and δ13C values decreased over time in both study areas, likely reflecting changes in the regional and local atmospheric N and C pools caused by human perturbation. However, leaf %N values and stem growth did not change over time with increasing N deposition, indicating that increasing atmospheric N deposition and CO2 concentration may not translate to increased N uptake or productivity in plants with conservative growth strategies, even in ecosystems thought to be N‐limited. In serpentine systems, this could competitively advantage nitrophilic invasive annual grasses and accelerate trends toward native species loss. While the rates of decline in leaf δ15N values were similar between study areas, rates of decline in leaf δ13C values were steeper in Santa Clara County, possibly reflecting its more urban environment. Herbarium samples combined with tree ring data can provide a valuable opportunity to explore the historical record of human‐induced changes in N and C cycling and their biotic impacts.
eDNA Sampling Systems for Salmon Ecosystem Monitoring
Authors: Deeg Christoph M. , Saunders Robert G. , Tam Christopher , Kaukinen Karia , Li Shaorong , Bass Arthur L. ,   Uu‐a‐thluk Fisheries, Miller Kristina M.
Published: February 2025

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is transforming the way aquatic ecosystems are monitored and managed by scientists, resource managers, ENGOs, First Nations communities, and citizen scientists alike. However, available sampling systems currently don't allow for combined high filtration volumes, rapid sample collection, and preservation in the field, thus far hindering broad scale eDNA studies in the ocean specifically for small and medium scale organizations. To overcome these challenges, several modular water sampling systems that utilize hollow‐membrane (HM) filtration cartridges were developed by RKS laboratories and tested by the Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Molecular Genetics Laboratory. Compared to Sterivex filters, an industry standard for eDNA filtration, the HM filtration cartridges allowed for a six‐fold increase in filtration volume and threefold increase in filtration speed. The field sampling systems, which combine pumps, a programmable controller, an air pump, an ozone generator, and up to eight filters at once, enabled efficient direct eDNA filtration from diverse aquatic environments, from creeks to the open ocean. To evaluate ease of deployment, we present the results of a 3 day workshop where technical staff of an Indigenous resource management organization, without any prior knowledge in eDNA sampling, were trained and performed independent eDNA sample collection. The samples were analyzed by metabarcoding and qPCR to reveal the distributions of salmon and other species co‐occurring in salmon ecosystems, from large ephemeral predators, to the planktonic prey of salmon, even including their pathogens. In this example study, we further observed a substantial shift in community composition in the vicinity of aquaculture facilities where marine species associated with aquaculture feed were detected in freshwater at high relative abundance. This study demonstrates how these sampling systems provide an efficient entry point for small and medium scale organizations to utilize eDNA to fulfill their research and monitoring objectives.
Amino Acid‐Mediated Enantioselective Synthesis of a Bicyclic Ketocarbaldehyde: Theoretical and Experimental Insights into a Key Intermediate for Some Polycyclic Diterpene Synthesis
Authors: Leonelli Francesca , Vetica Fabrizio , Bodo Enrico , Russo Stefano , Michelini Lorenzo , Sturabotti Elisa , Mazzoccanti Giulia , Ciogli Alessia , Demitri Nicola , Lamba Doriano , Masi Annalisa , Migneco Luisa Maria , Bettolo Rinaldo Marini
Published: February 2025

A study on the amino acid‐mediated intramolecular cyclization of diketoaldehyde 2 to form bicyclic ketocarbaldehyde 1, a potentially useful intermediate in the synthesis of some polycyclic diterpenes, is hereafter presented. This cyclization exhibits a peculiar enantio‐selectivity if compared to similar intramolecular cyclizations due to its product being the (S)‐enantiomer when using d‐amino acids. Our findings reveal that the transformation proceeds through two irreversible steps: the cyclization and the subsequent dehydration process. The reaction enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was optimized by systematically varying the amino acids, solvents, and acids used. Aldol intermediates were successfully isolated. The structure of the most abundant one was confirmed by X‐ray analysis, which supported the proposed reaction mechanism. NMR and MS were employed to monitor in real‐time the formation and the evolution of these intermediates. This approach allowed us to detect the key species that contribute to the enantioselectivity and yield of the final product. Additionally, the transition state energies associated with the formation of the eight possible aldol intermediates were examined through computational studies, further elucidating the mechanistic pathway of this enantioselective cyclization.
Experimental studies of CO2 and NO mitigation using potential adsorbents in a standby power generation unit
Authors: Ravi Maniarasu , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Sivalingam Murugan
Published: February 2025

This current investigation evaluates the feasibility of employing potential adsorbents obtained from various biomass waste substances, namely, (i) coconut shell, (ii) rice husk, and (iii) eucalyptus wood, for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture applications. Activated carbons are obtained from abundantly available renewable biomass residues by single‐stage activation. The adsorption properties are evaluated using advanced techniques. Further, the adsorbents are packed in an in‐house fabricated post‐combustion adsorption chamber. In this investigation, the feasibility of employing adsorbents for capturing CO2 and NO by using an adsorption technique in a diesel engine‐operated standby diesel generator set intended to supply electrical power to a guest house, hostels, faculty quarters, and residential area in an educational institution in India is investigated. Essential parameters such as (i) maximum adsorption capacity, (ii) fractional adsorption kinetics, (iii) regenerability and reusability, (iv) dynamic adsorption of the breakthrough curve, and (v) isosteric enthalpy of adsorption of adsorbent samples are also examined. Compared to the other adsorbents examined, eucalyptus wood adsorbent mitigates CO2 and NO by 50% and 36% at full load, respectively.
Early Prediction of the Remaining Useful Life of Lithium‐Ion Cells Using Ensemble and Non‐Ensemble Algorithms
Authors: Josephin J.S. Femilda , Sonthalia Ankit , Subramanian Thiyagarajan , Aloui Fethi , Bhatt Dhowmya , Varuvel Edwin Geo
Published: February 2025

Lithium‐ion cells have become an important part of our daily lives. They are used to power mobile phones, laptops and more recently electric vehicles (both two‐ and four‐wheelers). The chemical behavior of the cells is rather complex and non‐linear. For reliable and sustainable use of the cells for practical applications, it is imperative to predict the precise pace at which their capacity will degrade. More importantly, the lifetime of the cells must be predicted at an early stage, which would accelerate development and design optimization of the cells. However, most of the existing methods cannot predict the lifetime at an early stage, since there is a weak correlation between the cell capacity and lifetime. In this study for accurate forecasting of the battery lifetime, the patterns of the parameters such as cell current, voltage, temperature, charging time, internal resistance, and capacity were examined during charging and discharging cycle of the cell. Twelve manually crafted features were prepared from these parameters. The dataset for the features was created using the raw data of the first 100 cycles of 124 cells. Six ensemble and non‐ensemble machine learning algorithms, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR), decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were trained with the features for predicting the life‐cycle of the cells. The R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE) values of MLR, decision tree, SVM, GBM, LGBM, and XGBoost were found to be 0.72 and 201, 0.83 and 155, 0.85 and 146, 0.92 and 100, 0.9 and 112, and 0.94 and 95, respectively. The prediction accuracy of lithium‐ion cell life‐time was found to be the best with the XGBoost algorithm. This shows that only first 100 cycles are required foraccurately predicting the number of cycles the lithium‐ion cell can work for. Lastly, the results of the study were compared with the available studies in the literature. Three studies were chosen, and the RMSE of the method proposed in this study was found to be higher than the three studies by 43, 17, and 20. Therefore, the proposed method is a suitable option for predicting the lifetime of lithium‐ion cells during the early stages of its development.
Revolutionizing sensing technologies: A comprehensive review of flexible acceleration sensors
Authors: Wu Bozhi , Li Ke , Wang Lei , Yin Kuibo , Nie Meng , Sun Litao
Published: February 2025

Flexible sensing technologies are pivotal for achieving multidimensional spatial freedom in sensing capabilities. Within this domain, flexible acceleration sensors stand out as innovative devices capable of accurately monitoring acceleration signals, even amidst deformation scenarios such as bending, compression, or stretching. These sensors are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential across various sectors, including health monitoring, industrial machinery, soft robotics, and so on. This review delves into the recent progress in the field of flexible acceleration sensors, examining their operational mechanisms, the materials used for the sensing layers, and their performance characteristics based on different operational principles. Moreover, we explore the diverse applications of these sensors in areas such as wearable devices, infrastructure surveillance, and automotive safety, providing a comprehensive overview of their current uses. Additionally, we assess the advantages and limitations of flexible acceleration sensors and propose potential directions for their advancement. Through this review, we aim to highlight the significant role that flexible acceleration sensors play in the ongoing evolution of sensing technologies, underscoring their importance in a wide array of applications.
Contextualizing guidelines for the health system of Cyprus: Experiences and lessons learnt
Authors: Kouis Panayiotis , McGuire Hugh , Kyriacou Monika , Yiallourou Anneza , Sioftanos Anastasis , Kolokotroni Ourania , Achilleos Haris , Grime Craig , Pinilla‐Dominguez Pilar , Giallouros Giorgos , Englezou Christina ,   Contextualization group, Yiallouros Panayiotis K. , Nikolopoulos Georgios K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Cyprus is undergoing a major health reform with the recent establishment of the General Healthcare System (GHS). The GHS offers equal healthcare access through one primary insurer (Health Insurance Organization [HIO]) and benefits from a wide collaborative network of public and private healthcare providers. However, unwanted variation in practice makes this transition challenging. Healthcare guidelines could decrease these variations in practice, but Cyprus lacks the capacity to develop them de novo. Through a collaboration with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom, the contextualization of NICE guidelines and the derivation of local quality indicators are carried out. This study presents the methodology and experience of contextualizing the first three NICE guidelines and deriving associated quality indicators in Cyprus.

Methods

HIO managed the guideline contextualization with the support of a Guidelines Secretariat. For each guideline, a local topic expert committee (TEC) was recruited. Through a series of meetings, followed by public consultation, each TEC made contextual changes to the guideline and derived relevant quality indicators. During this process, NICE assured quality by overseeing several elements of the contextualization procedure such as TEC membership, proposed changes and justification and derived quality indicators.

Results

Between 2022 and 2024, three NICE guidelines, NG196 on Atrial fibrillation (AF), NG230 on Thyroid cancer (TC) and NG203 on Chronic kidney disease (CKD), were contextualized through the modification of several individual guideline recommendations (21/79 [26.6%] in AF, 37/67 [55.2%] in TC and 62/217 [28.6%] in CKD). In parallel, NICE quality indicators were screened for applicability and feasibility in Cyprus while additional indicators were developed if required.

Conclusion

In a country with limited experience in guideline development, a supervised and systematic process supported by an established organization ensures quality, is less resource intensive and builds capability for the sustainability of the process.
Multiple Sets of Unconformity Migration Capacity and Their Influence on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Bozhong Area of the Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Pang Lei , Sun Yonghe , Hu Ming , Sun Tongwen , Shi Shangming
Published: February 2025

The Bohai Bay Basin is one of China's largest basins in terms of discovered hydrocarbon reserves. In this basin, unconformities serve as key pathways for the lateral migration of hydrocarbons, with the T8, T5 and T2 unconformities being the main ones developed here. Studying how these three unconformities differ in migration capacity is therefore essential for understanding hydrocarbon accumulation. By using logging data, along with measurements of porosity, permeability and sedimentary facies distribution, we analysed and compared the structures, physical properties and continuity of these unconformities. Based on this analysis, we linked hydrocarbon reserves per unit area to migration probability and developed a model for migration range. The results show that: (1) Although the T8 unconformity has poorer porosity and permeability compared to T5, it provides better continuity for migration channels, making T8 the main pathway in depressions, while T5 is more discontinuous and thus likely to form lithologic reservoirs in these areas. (2) T8 and T5 overlap gradually along the uplift belts, where both the porosity‐permeability and thickness of these unconformities improve, and T2 has both good continuity and physical properties, facilitating lateral migration on the uplift belts. (3) Compared with other unconformities, T2 is the primary migration pathway above the uplift areas.
Resectable Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma in the Immunotherapy Era: Upfront Surgery vs. Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Salem Aya F. , Chen Melissa M. , Williams Michelle D. , Swanson David M. , McQuade Jennifer L. , Amaria Rodabe N. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Bishop Andrew J. , Farooqi Ahsan S. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Su Shirley Y. , Mitra Devarati
Published: February 2025

Objective

We aim to evaluate outcomes for patients with resectable SNMM treated in the immunotherapy era.

Methods

Thirty‐seven patients with resectable SNM were identified using our institutional database between 2016 and 2023.

Results

Patients receiving neoadjuvant Ipi/Nivo (46%, n = 17) were more likely to have disease involving the sinuses and/or the skull base (71% vs. 35%, p = 0.05). The overall response rate to Ipi/Nivo was 24%. Two‐year LRFS from the start of therapy was 63%, and from the end of local therapy was 78%. Two‐year PFS was 49%. The patients who received Ipi/Nivo with evidence of response (n = 4, 24%) had better PFS (2‐year PFS 100% vs. 15%, p = 0.02) and LRFS (2‐year LRFS 100% vs. 31%, p = 0.08).

Conclusions

Outcomes for resectable SNMM patients continue to be poor in the immunotherapy era. In the context of selection bias, neoadjuvant Ipi/Nivo was not associated with better outcomes in all‐comers. However, those with evidence of response to Ipi/Nivo had better prognosis.
“I Don't Really Understand It All!”: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perceptions of Australian Vaping Laws
Authors: Rose Shiho , McGill Bronwyn , Watts Christina , Dessaix Anita , Freeman Becky
Published: February 2025

Issue Addressed

Adolescent vaping is a persistent public health concern. In response to this, Australia's regulatory environment has been rapidly evolving. As parents play a key role to mitigate adolescent vaping, the aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of parents of young people (aged 14–17 years) regarding Australian vaping laws, prior to the 2024 policy changes.

Methods

Qualitative data was analysed from Generation Vape, a national study of vaping attitudes, knowledge and behaviours amongst targeted cohorts. Parents participated in online focus group discussions conducted in April 2023. Reflexive thematic analysis was used.

Results

In total, 92 individuals participated in 18 focus groups. Four main themes were generated: (i) knowledge and comprehension of laws; (ii) perceived effectiveness and impact of vaping laws; and (iii) action. Participants indicated mixed knowledge of the laws and expressed confusion about their rationale. Some felt that the laws highlighted that vaping is negative and that knowing the laws gave support to parents in discouraging adolescent vaping. However, others thought the laws were irrelevant believing adolescents would continue vaping regardless. There was agreement that the laws were insufficient to protect young people from vapes and convoluted by loopholes.

Conclusions

Ensuring public knowledge about vaping laws is accurate and communicated effectively is paramount. Parents are public health allies in this issue, who can play an important role in addressing adolescent vaping, however, need to be supported in doing so.

So What?

With further vaping laws introduced in 2024, there is an opportunity to be proactive and ensure that clear, consistent and current information is communicated.
Physical Activity and Its Relationship With National‐Based Examination Results Among Adolescents
Authors: Venugopal V. , Ismail M. , Mohamed M.N.A. , Chinna K. , Jalaludin M.Y. , Su T.T. , Majid H.A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between self‐reported physical activity and national examination results among adolescents in an upper‐middle‐income country.

Methods

This study engaged in a secondary data analysis derived from a closed prospective cohort consisting of 579 students, who were recruited at the age of 13 in 2012 and followed up at ages 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) as part of the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study, which was conducted across three states in Peninsula Malaysia. Physical activity levels were evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire, and outcomes were assessed based on the National‐Based Examinations at ages 15 (Form 3, Year 9) and 17 (Form 5, Year 11) in Malaysia. A multivariate ordinal regression employing complex sample analysis was applied to ascertain the relationship between physical activity and national examination results.

Results

In Form 3 (Year 9), those physically active performed better in Malay Language, English Language, Mathematics and Science. Those physically active in Form 5 (Year 11), performed better in Modern Mathematics, Chemistry, and Principles of Accounting. Longitudinally, there was an increase in the overall percentage of those who were overweight and obese and an increase in those with suboptimal dietary and iron intake.

Conclusions

This study has shown that those physically active students fared better in several subjects in the national‐based examinations. Suitable physical activity intervention should be tailored accordingly to support adolescents’ optimum achievement in academia.
Digital Cytometry: Extraction of Forward and Side Scattering Signals From Holotomography
Authors: Jo Jaepil , Hugonnet Herve , Lee Mahn Jae , Park YongKeun
Published: February 2025

Flow cytometry is a cornerstone technique in medical and biological research, providing crucial information about cell size and granularity through forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) signals. Despite its widespread use, the precise relationship between these scatter signals and corresponding microscopic images remains underexplored. Here, we investigate this intrinsic relationship by utilizing scattering theory and holotomography, a three‐dimensional quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technique. We demonstrate the extraction of FSC and SSC signals from individual, unlabeled cells by analyzing their three‐dimensional refractive index distributions obtained through holotomography. Additionally, we introduce a method for digital windowing of SSC signals to facilitate effective segmentation and morphology‐based cell type classification. Our approach bridges the gap between flow cytometry and microscopic imaging, offering a new perspective on analyzing cellular characteristics with high accuracy and without the need for labeling.
A Compact Prism‐Based Microscope for Highly Sensitive Measurements in Fluid Biopsy
Authors: Perego Laura , Dallari Caterina , Falciani Chiara , Pini Alessandro , Gardini Lucia , Credi Caterina , Pavone Francesco Saverio
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for sensitive, portable, and affordable disease detection methods has spurred the development of advanced biosensors for rapid early‐stage diagnosis, population mass screening, and bed‐monitoring. Current high‐sensitivity devices face hurdles such as high production costs and challenges in multiplexed signal detection. To address these, we developed a prism‐based total internal reflection system which, in combination with surface functionalization techniques of gold nanoparticles, enables evanescent wave scattering for highly sensitive and rapid detection of specific analytes in both synthetic and human liquid samples. To validate its efficacy, we conducted scattering experiments in synthetic and human serum samples, exploiting functionalized AuNPs to recognize bacterial lipopolysaccharides as biomarkers for sepsis disease. We demonstrate a remarkable sensitivity in the femtogram per mL concentration range for this specific pathological biomarker. Based on this result we envisage the potential adoption of our technique for liquid biopsy in the clinical scenario.
Ultrasonographic Findings of Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy After In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Case Report
Authors: Xu Ye , Song Jinshuang , Liu Jinghua
Published: February 2025

This case study presents the diagnosis and management of an abdominal ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). The patient initially experienced atypical symptoms. Elevated serum β‐hCG levels and comprehensive imaging eventually confirmed the diagnosis of abdominal ectopic pregnancy. Timely laparoscopic surgery was performed, effectively managing this rare and potentially life‐threatening condition. This case underscores the importance of thorough follow‐up and advanced imaging techniques in the early detection and treatment of ectopic pregnancies, particularly in the context of assisted reproductive technologies.
Predicting 30‐day mortality in older patients with suspected infections by adding performance status to quick sequential organ failure assessment
Authors: Kudo Masataka , Sasaki Sho , Takada Toshihiko , Fujii Kotaro , Yagi Yu , Yano Tetsuhiro , Sada Ken‐ei , Fukuhara Shunichi , Suganuma Narufumi
Published: February 2025

Background

Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a simple and easy tool for identifying patients with suspected infection, who are at a high risk of poor outcome. However, its predictive performance is still insufficient. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG‐PS) score, a tool to evaluate physical function, has been recently reported to be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the added value of ECOG‐PS to qSOFA in predicting 30‐day mortality in older patients admitted with suspected infections.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2019, we prospectively collected data from adults aged 65 years or older, admitted with suspected infection at two acute care hospitals. Predictive performance was compared between two logistic regression models: one using qSOFA score alone (qSOFA model) and the other in which ECOG‐PS was added to qSOFA (extended model).

Results

Of the 1536 enrolled patients, 135 (8.8%) died within 30 days. The area under the curve of the extended model was significantly higher than that of the qSOFA model (0.67 vs. 0.64, p = 0.008). When the risk groups were categorized as follows: low (<5%), intermediate (5%–10%), and high (≥10%), 5.0% of those who died and 2.1% of those who survived were correctly reclassified by the extended model with an overall categorized net reclassification improvement of 0.03 (95% confidence interval: −0.06 to 0.30).

Conclusions

Adding the ECOG‐PS score could improve the performance of qSOFA in predicting mortality in older patients admitted with suspected infection.
Dissecting the COVID‐19 Immune Response: Unraveling the Pathways of Innate Sensing and Response to SARS‐CoV‐2 Structural Proteins
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Pinto Matheus , de Paula Pereira Leonardo , de Mendonça Angelo Ana Luiza Pessoa , Xavier Marcelo Antônio Pascoal , de Magalhães Vieira Machado Alexandre , Castro Russo Remo
Published: February 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), the virus responsible for COVID‐19, interacts with the host immune system through complex mechanisms that significantly influence disease outcomes, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. These interactions are crucial in determining the disease's severity and the host's ability to clear the virus. Given the virus's substantial socioeconomic impact, high morbidity and mortality rates, and public health importance, understanding these mechanisms is essential. This article examines the diverse innate immune responses triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2's structural proteins, including the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, along with nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and open reading frames. These proteins play pivotal roles in immune modulation, facilitating viral replication, evading immune detection, and contributing to severe inflammatory responses such as cytokine storms and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The virus employs strategies like suppressing type I interferon production and disrupting key antiviral pathways, including MAVS, OAS‐RNase‐L, and PKR. This study also explores the immune pathways that govern the activation and suppression of immune responses throughout COVID‐19. By analyzing immune sensing receptors and the responses initiated upon recognizing SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins, this review elucidates the complex pathways associated with the innate immune response in COVID‐19. Understanding these mechanisms offers valuable insights for therapeutic interventions and informs public health strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis.