bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF WOMEN ENTERPRISE FUND MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTERPRISES IN EMBU COUNTY
Authors: Njoroge George W. W. , Ambrose Dr. Jagongo
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of WEF management training on women owned enterprise performance in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive study design. The population of interest in this study consisted of four hundred and seventeen (417) Women Owned Enterprises registered and operating SMEs in Embu County as provided by the Department for Gender and Social Development. The sample size was 201 Women Owned SMEs. The information sources used during this study was primary data, comprising of a questionnaire with closed statements. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic measures of central tendency, correlation analysis. The results were presented using tables.Results: Findings revealed that women owned enterprises performed poorly as far as businesses sales, profits, assets and workforce were concerned. The poor performance may have been caused by the level of training specifically; the results indicated that the majority of respondents lacked entrepreneurship training and also that there existed a significant relationship between Entrepreneurial Management Training and women enterprises performance.  Descriptive findings revealed that majority of respondents had not been trained on human resource skills and inferential results indicated a significant relationship between Human Resource Management Training and Women Enterprise Performance. The majority had not been trained on product marketing skills. Inferential results indicated that there is a significant relationship between Training in Product Marketing and Women Owned Enterprise Performance.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is recommended that women owned enterprises should encourage training specifically, on financial management, entrepreneur, human resource and how to market their products. Training curriculum should be particularly designed to meet the subject standards for women owned enterprises especially new entrants.
INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES ON PERFORMANCE OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Kihara Dr. Allan Samuel Njogu , Ngugi Dr. Patrick Karanja , Ogollah Dr. Kennedy
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dynamic capabilities on performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and descriptive survey design and the research philosophy was positivism. The study population study was 499 large scale manufacturing firms where a sample size of 217 firms was selected.Results: The study findings revealed that dynamic capabilities have a positive and significant influence on performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya.Policy recommendation: The study recommended that large manufacturing firms should also invest more in research and development, training, networking and innovation
Sistem Sadap pada Klon Karet PB 260 dan GT 1 (Hevea brasiliensis) untuk Peningkatan Produksi Lateks
Authors: Herlinawati Eva , Martini Aji
Published: September 2020

Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah menerapkan frekuensi sadap rendah dan stimulasi etefon. Stimulasi telah umum digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan tenaga kerja dan keuntungan. Etefon stimulasi dapat meningkatkan aliran lateks dan metabolisme sel. Etefon stimulasi dalam sistem eksploitasi karet harus diterapkan sesuai dengan tipologi klon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui frekuensi sadap dan frekuensi stimulan yang optimal pada klon PB 260 dan GT 1 dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi fisiologis dan kesehatan tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Karet, Sumatera Selatan mulai Januari hingga Desember 2018. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan dua faktor (frekuensi sadap dan frekuensi stimulan) dan tiga ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan klon PB 260 dan GT 1 tahun tanam 2010 (umur 8 tahun). PB 260 merupakan klon metabolism tinggi dan GT 1 merupakan klon metabolisme sedang. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa klon PB 260 membutuhkan pelukaan untuk mengaktifkan metabolisme sel dengan frekuensi stimulan yang rendah (4/y) untuk meningkatkan produksi. Karakteristik klon PB 260 adalah kadar sukrosa rendah dan fosfat anorganik tinggi. Sedangkan klon GT 1 membutuhkan etefon stimulasi untuk mengaktifkan sel metabolisme. Frekuensi stimulan untuk klon GT 1 dapat diterapkan hingga 12/y.
Impacto do programa educa e nutre como recurso de orientação alimentar para crianças
Authors: Doce Passadore Mariana , Leung Maria do Carmo , Yumi Montesinos Rafaela
Published: September 2020

Ações de educação alimentar e nutricional que incentivem a promoção da alimentação saudável para crianças da educação infantil são de extrema importância para a construção de hábitos alimentares na vida adulta e o ambiente escolar é bastante propício às estas ações. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver ações educativas ligadas à alimentação para promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis para crianças da educação infantil pertencentes a uma escola privada em São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção com 187 crianças de quatro a seis anos do ensino infantil de uma escola privada em São Paulo. Após aceite e autorização dos pais e/ou responsáveis por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, as crianças participaram de sete atividades lúdicas com alimentos e preparações que incentivaram o maior conhecimento das frutas, verduras e legumes, bem como a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. De modo geral, as crianças tem bom conhecimento sobre os alimentos, em especial, as frutas. Quanto à aceitação dos alimentos, os legumes apresentaram baixa aceitação enquanto que as frutas foram bem mais aceitas. As atividades práticas parecem aumentar a aceitação de alimentos e preparações com verduras e legumes. Conclui-se, portanto, que as atividades lúdicas propostas foram bem compreendidas e aderidas pelas crianças, que mostraram bastante interesse e participação. Pelos critérios utilizados, avalia-se que houve um impacto positivo no conhecimento dos alimentos e na aceitação dos mesmos. Sugere-se que ações contínuas de educação alimentar e nutricional para crianças devam fazer parte de sua rotina no ambiente escolar.
O Polypodium leucotomos no melasma: uma revisão
Authors: Fernandes Almeida Olivia , Gomes Soares Veronica Cristina , Leite de Freitas Luana Cristina , Torres Madeiro Leite Jorge Alberto , Rocha Oliveira Carlos , Yuri Suzuki Vanessa
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O Polypodium leucotomos possui algumas propriedades no corpo humano e principalmente na pele. Sendo utilizado como adjuvante no tratamento e prevenção de várias patologias como o melasma. Objetivo: Este estudo revisa a literatura para identificar o impacto do Polypodium leucotomos no tratamento do melasma. Material e Método: Análise de dados nas bases de artigos acadêmicos em saúde: Scielo, Medline, Lilacs com os descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Fitoterapia; Melasma e Suplementos dietéticos, sem restrição de ano, nos idiomas português e inglês. Onde os critérios de elegibilidade, foram considerados de inclusão, os artigos originais ensaios clínicos, caso controle, revisão sistemática e metanálise, estudos em animais, in vitro e em pacientes adultos, Resultado: Foram encontrados 31 estudos, 13 foram incluídos e 18 excluídos por não atenderem os critérios de elegibilidade. Conclusão: O levantamento da literatura permitiu concluir que entre as várias propriedades do Polypodium leucotomos ha destaque para a capacidade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, fotoprotetora e imunomoduladora, possuindo um considerável impacto na melhora da qualidade de vida dos portadores de melasma, sendo um fator clareador e protetor na doença. Porém, mais estudos clínicos randomizados devem ser realizados para confirmar seus efeitos e estabelecer a dose adequada como coadjuvante no tratamento do melasma.
Deep neural networks for computational optical form measurements
Authors: Hoffmann Lara , Elster Clemens
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Deep neural networks have been successfully applied in many different fields like computational imaging, healthcare, signal processing, or autonomous driving. In a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate that computational optical form measurement can also benefit from deep learning. A data-driven machine-learning approach is explored to solve an inverse problem in the accurate measurement of optical surfaces. The approach is developed and tested using virtual measurements with a known ground truth.
The Southern Railway, Transportation Costs and the Economy of Southern Peru
Authors: Zegarra Luis Felipe
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza los efectos del Ferrocarril del Sur en la economía del sur del Perú. La construcción del Ferrocarril del Sur, uno de los sistemas ferroviarios de mayor longitud del Perú, generó gran optimismo acerca del futuro económico de la región. Este estudio muestra (como fue prometido por sus promotores) que el ferrocarril redujo los costos de transporte. Comparado con los muleteros y llameros, el ferrocarril cobró bajas tarifas a pasajeros y de carga. El ahorro social del ferrocarril osciló entre 2.3% and 6.2% del stock de capital en 1890 y entre 10% y 22% en 1904. El ferrocarril no tuvo un efecto inmediato en la economía del sur del Perú. Desde finales del siglo XIX, sin embargo, el volumen de carga creció a tasas elevadas. A lo largo del tiempo, el ferrocarril promovió la integración del sur con la economía mundial y con el resto de la economía mundial.
La hidroeléctrica de Tlaxcala, México. Una empresa estatal trascendiendo la época liberal y posrevolución. 1902-1943. Siguiendo impulsos, salvando obstáculos
Authors: Torres Bautista Mariano Enrique
Published: September 2020

La significación de este caso estriba en su carácter de empresa creada desde antes de la revolución mexicana de 1910-17, por iniciativa estatal y con fondos públicos en un esfuerzo por modernizar una entidad caracterizada por su secular autonomía política dentro del contexto de la Nueva España y México.
International Remittances, Domestic Remittances, and Income Inequality in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Kimhi Ayal
Published: September 2020

Inequality decomposition techniques are used to analyze the different impacts of domestic and international remittances on household income inequality in the Dominican Republic. This analysis highlights the importance of the distinction between domestic and international remittances as drivers of inequality as well as the importance of identifying and quantifying the determinants of remittances and their subsequent impact on inequality. Domestic remittances are found to be more equalizing than international remittances. Education leads to lower domestic remittances and higher international remittances, reflecting the role of education in promoting international versus domestic migration. Schooling increases inequality through domestic remittances and decreases inequality through international remittances.
Ley Zamudio en perspectiva. Derecho Antidiscriminación chileno frente a estándares de la Unión Europea.
Authors: Sánchez González Ignacio Antonio
Published: September 2020

En el marco de los cambios socioculturales que Chile ha experimentado en los últimos años, se hace necesario repensar la fórmula adoptada por el legislador para combatir la discriminación. En el presente trabajo se sigue como fuente las experiencias de la doctrina y jurisprudencia europeas antidiscriminación, tomando en consideración el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, los fundamentos generales del derecho europeo, los diversos tipos de discriminación, y aspectos procesales de los litigios en esta materia. Clarificada esa base dogmática, el autor compara la legislación y práctica chilena en comento con la europea, tras exponer que la denominada “Ley Zamudio” se gestó con fuertes incidencias del entonces proyecto de Constitución Europea, mas en los hechos, los estándares modelo no se cumplen.
How Social Transformation Is Affecting Female Clothing Change in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Yang Xiaoming
Published: September 2020

During the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China, women's clothing had a revolutionary change. Under the unprecedented social transformation in a millennium, Social Darwinism called for “mother of the citizens”, arousing public concern to release women's bodies. Anti-foot-binding movement awakened women's self-awareness and planted a hint of women's emancipation. While Feminism turned the value to the “parity of citizens,” women disguised their female character and dressed as men. Early Qipao was widespread during women’s liberation movement. The New Culture Movement facilitated ideology of Human Liberation. Women gradually possessed independence of personality and changed their corsets. They tended to confront and express body curves instead of cover and weakening.
Research on Contemporary “Chinese Theme” Fashion Design based on Aesthetic Distance Theory
Authors: Ma Yuru , Bian Xiangyang
Published: September 2020

Chinese theme or style has a long history in international fashion design; it is a common theme for Chinese and western designers to pursue Oriental sentiment and express Oriental aesthetics. However, for contemporary Chinese theme fashion design, Chinese and western designers have different understanding and interpretation, and there are many differences in design techniques and effects. In this paper, we propose to research on contemporary Chinese theme fashion design based on the theory of aesthetic distance, and interpret the essence of Chinese theme fashion design from different aesthetic distances. In addition, the basic principles of contemporary Chinese theme clothing design are summarized through the analysis and comparison of Chinese and western design cases. The results show that Chinese theme design, to the West, represents “the other” and “exotic theme” in a modern way; while in the eyes of Chinese people, it is a contemporary embodiment of “retro theme”. The clothing design in modern Chinese fashion should, based on the design elements collected in an expansive and deep way, pursue the balance and integration of “conservative” and “avant-garde” elements and the harmony of “form” and “spirit”, abiding by the fundamental principle of “absorbing tradition” to “create the present”.
Saudi Female EFL Instructors’ Perceptions of the Effects of Professional Development on Their Self-Efficacy
Authors: Almuhammadi Khawlah H. , Assalahi Hussein M. , Madini Abeer Ahmed
Published: September 2020

This research explores female EFL instructors’ perceptions of the effect of the professional development provided by the English Language Institute (ELI) at King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) on their self-efficacy and the type of professional development training that they feel has the greatest effect on their sense of self-efficacy. This research is based on Bandura’s (1977) social cognitive theory and its subset of self-efficacy. In order to achieve its objective, this qualitative study incorporated semi-structured interviews with six EFL female instructors within the ELI at KAU, Saudi Arabia. The study results revealed that the instructors had positive perceptions of the professional development they received at the ELI in terms of enhancing their efficacy beliefs, as it enabled an opportunity for professional enhancement, positively influenced teaching practice to help students’ learning, and developed a positive atmosphere of collegiality and collaboration. Additionally, the participants demonstrated a positive attitude toward the ELI’s mentoring program, as it enabled them to be inspired by an expert in the field, improved their teaching competencies, and created a feeling of professionalism. However, the participants held a conflicting view of the effect of classroom observation on instructors’ self-efficacy. Some believed that observations represent an important professional development tool that helps improve their performance, while others perceived it as a source of efficacy doubt. Based on the research results, this study bridged a gap in the current literature and contributed to knowledge on EFL instructors’ self-efficacy and how it could be influenced by professional development activities.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reports on Sino-US Trade War in The New York Times
Authors: Zhou Ruiqi , Qin Siying
Published: September 2020

Critical Discourse Analysis is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse regarding language as a form of social practice. As a specific discourse, news discourse is a representation of the journalists’ expression and construction of events, as well as readers’ understanding and cognition of the events reported. It functions as a carrier that transmits ideologies and social values. Recently, news reports on the trade conflicts between China and the US has been the focus of world attention. A study of news reports on Sino-US trade conflicts with Critical Discourse Analysis approach helps interpret the relation between language use and social contexts and reveal ideological significance and power struggle in language. Twenty pieces of news reports on China’s tariff actions on the United States, collected from The New York Times from 2018 to 2019 are studied and the result shows that the use of language in the news texts is not arbitrary, but rather dominated by the medium. The options of lexical expressions in news, the selection of clause types and the position of participants enable the medium to construct a negative image of China and to define China as an unfavorable country. The reasons deciding the language use in this discourse are the tension and balance of the power relation between the U.S. and China in the trade war, and the institution’s favor of the American interest, the American political hegemony and the advocacy of force.
Realizations of Conceptual Metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English: A Contrastive Corpus-Based Approach
Authors: Albufalasa Mervat , Vorobeva Yulia , Vorobeva Yulia
Published: September 2020

Conceptual metaphors are often analyzed out of context. Nevertheless, the crucial role of context is evident as metaphors do not only transmit specific entailment of particular concepts, but they also reflect cultural and social characteristics. At the same time, one cannot deny that conceptualization is involved in the interpretation of various cultural models and conceptual metaphors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze conceptual metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English. The current study employed a contrastive corpus-based approach to compare and contrast the conceptual metaphors of ANGER in the aforementioned languages. The outcomes of this research study contributed immensely to the existing literature on conceptual metaphors analysis as there are almost no previous researches done in the field comparing three languages belonging to different language groups. The study found that the Arabic language demonstrated the highest tendency towards conceptual metaphors formation out of the three languages. The study confirmed that cultural context played a significant role in the formation of conceptual metaphors, and it also proved that due to different cultural environments, some metaphors are unique by nature and can be present only in a particular language. It can be concluded that conceptual metaphors of ANGER are not a universal concept, and cultural norms and values make this concept non-identical in the aforementioned languages.
Examining the Attitudes of Classroom Teachers Towards Sports: Example of Kırşehir Province
Authors: Çiriş Vahit , Başkonuş Turan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports. Within this scope, in the first part of this study, it is aimed to describe the attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports. In the second part of the study, it was investigated whether gender, participation in sports activities and years of service differ significantly on the attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports. The screening method was used in this research. The study was carried out with 308 classroom teachers working in Kırşehir. They participated in the study on a volunteer basis. “Personal Information Form” and “The Sports-Oriented Attitude Scale” were used in the data collection process. When testing the research data, a 0.05 significance level was taken. In the analysis of the data, the items related to the sub-problem were grouped and Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis techniques were used together with descriptive statistics such as frequency (f), percent (%), weighted mean (X̅) and standard deviation (SD). The attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports generally high (X̅ = 4.42). While their attitudes towards sports do not differ significantly according to their gender (U = 10381,500; p > .05); it differs significantly according to their participation in sports activities (U = 8686,000; p < .05) and years of service (X2 = 8,364; p < .05). Research results show that attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports are generally at a high level. However, it was concluded that the attitudes of classroom teachers towards sports differed significantly according to their participation in sports activities and years of service, but did not differ by gender.
Pandemia de COVID-19: trilhas para pesquisas futuras em marketing envolvendo o papel regulatório do consumo pró-social
Authors: Terres Mellina Da Silva , Rohden Simoni F. , Vedolin Letícia , Machado Bárbara Foiato Hein , Magnus Karen , Altmann Agnes , Schiavon Dieine Estela Bernieri
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Uma das estratégias adotadas por diversos países (i.e., China, Estados Unidos e Brasil) para contenção da pandemia de Covid-19 consiste na recomendação de distanciamento social para a população. Esse tipo de situação pode gerar emoções negativas, como medo e ansiedade, podendo afetar até mesmo o bem-estar e a esperança dos indivíduos e consequentemente os seus comportamentos de consumo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, portanto, o consumo pró-social como ferramenta para auxiliar a diminuição dos efeitos emocionais negativos causados pelo distanciamento social.Método: O estudo constitui-se de uma combinação da revisão sistemática de literatura com o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual teórico que identifica lacunas e apresenta proposições de pesquisa que possam direcionar futuros estudos.Originalidade: A literatura existente caracteriza o consumo pró-social como proveniente de emoções positivas. O presente trabalho propõe-se a explicar como o consumo pró-social pode gerar bem-estar mesmo em situações associadas a estados emocionais negativos.Contribuições: O modelo conceitual teórico desenvolvido por este estudo explica o papel do consumo pró-social como comportamento que reduz os efeitos negativos das emoções negativas causadas pelo distanciamento social e promove o bem-estar dos consumidores durante a crise da Covid-19. O entendimento desses mecanismos é benéfico para os consumidores, para o setor público e para o setor privado, estes dois os quais poderão adotar estratégias nesse sentido, estimulando o consumo pró-social e o aumento do bem-estar, bem como impulsionando vendas e aumentando o valor percebido da marca, no caso do último.
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli infections: The spread of antibiotic resistance through the food products
Authors: Jama-Kmiecik Agnieszka , Sarowska Jolanta , Frej-Mądrzak Magdalena , Choroszy-Król Irena
Published: September 2020

With the increasing demand for poultry meat and poultry products and the growing poultry industry around the world, food safety is an important challenge for public health. To assess the dissemination of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains, one should examine the level of genetic similarity between isolates from different hosts. In the proposed review paper, multiple levels of genotyping are proposed, in which typing of strains, plasmids, and genes are compared in order to obtain the more complete picture of this complex issue. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), and sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC). ExPEC presents an elaborated phylogenetic structure, a wide range of virulence factors (VF), and considerable plasticity of the genome. These strains cause not only uncomplicated UTIs, but also other dangerous illnesses such as bacteremia or sepsis. Mechanisms underlying ExPEC transmission dynamics and the selection of resistant to drugs clones are still poorly understood and require further investigations. Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics has led to a global threat, which is the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. Food, depending on certain products and processing technology, provides an excellent substrate for the growth of microorganisms. Intensive trade and wide use of antibiotics in contemporary food production favor the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Currently, antibiotic use in vegetable and animal food production is significantly higher compared to the number of antibiotics used in medicine to treat infections, which is a huge threat. We need new strategies to prevent, quickly diagnose, and treat ExPEC infections, especially in the context of the recently observed clonal expansion of strains with increased antibiotic resistance.
Synlig og usynlig religion: Umarkerte bilder i kapitler om religion
Authors: Thomas Andrew John
Published: September 2020

Finnes det systematiske forskjeller mellom hvordan religion illustreres i norske lærebøker i religionsfagene? Denne artikkelen analyserer hvordan bilder uten religionsspesifikke markører fordeles blant kapitler om individuelle religioner i tilgjengelige lærebøker i dag. Bildene som velges ut, viser seg å ofte brukes til å forklare, delvis forsvare, religiøse ideer. Frekvensen av slike bilder er høyest i kapitler om buddhisme, dernest kristendom, og ellers tilnærmet fraværende. Ser vi på selve bildene, kan vi oppdage konkrete teknikker som justerer leserens avstand til den illustrerte ideen. Denne ulikheten støtter tidligere forskning som viser systematiske forskjeller i hvordan ulike religioner framstilles som henholdsvis eksotiske og filosofiske, og som har konsekvenser for hvordan individuelle religioner konstrueres og skal behandles i klasserommet.

Nøkkelord: Religion, lærebøker, illustrasjoner, bilder, religionsforskjeller, religionsdefinisjoner
Kirkeskipet – om å utvikle barnegudstjenester med barn og for barn
Authors: Ellinggård Stein
Published: September 2020

Den lille jenta på to år ble sittende lenge ved lysene i koret. De andre barna var kommet ut i våpenhuset. Hun ville ikke gå, men satt der på alterringen sammen med Marit. Hun var stille, men så kom det. «Mamma ligger på sofaen, mamma er syk». «Skal vi tenne et lys for mammaen din», sa den voksne. «Nei», svarte jenta. Hun ville bare sitte der.

Slike opplevelser med barna er det det mange av når vi feirer gudstjenesten Kirkeskipet i Barnas katedral i Lademoen kirke. En gudstjeneste for de aller minste med øvre aldergrense tre år.
Die Haftung bei Verkehrsunfällen in den Niederlanden
Authors: Bischoff Stefan
Published: September 2020

The book describes the liability for traffic accidents in the Netherlands. It offers a comparative and useful contribution to the practice of German courts, law firms and insurers.

Essential structural features of Dutch traffic liability law are not regulated by law, but have been developed by case law, in particular by the Hoge Raad, which are presented in the book.
Psychological Stress of Healthcare Workers Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: YALÇIN Gülşen , SAYINBATUR Bahattin , KARAY Eyaz , KARAKAŞ Merve
Published: September 2020

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the psychological stress of hospital workers and related factors during the period of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A survey was conducted among hospital workers between March 23 and April 1, 2020. The survey had four sections in total, including consent form, sociodemographic form, Turkish Impact of Events Scale, and depression, anxiety, and stress scale.

Results: The mean age of 257 respondents was 36.7±9.1 (20–61) years, and 145(56.4%) of them were male. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom level, depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher in women than in men [(%95Cl, 1.09-3.73; p=0.026), (%95Cl, 1.61-5.47; p=0.001), (%95Cl, 1.23-3.97; p=0.008), (%95Cl, 1.36-4.86; p=0.004), respectively]. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom level rates of emergency room workers were significantly higher than those of the workers in other departments (%95Cl, 1.25-4.91; p=0.010). According to those who stated that the infection measures taken in the hospital were insufficient, the rates of depression, anxiety and stress was significantly higher than those who stated that they were sufficient [(95%Cl, 1.51-7.18; p=0.003), (95% Cl, 1.23-5.23; p=0.011), (95%Cl, 1.47-8.18; p= 0.004), respectively]. The rate of depression, anxiety, and stress was significantly higher in employees who previously had psychiatric disease than those who did not have disease before [(95% Cl, 1.37-160.7; p=0.026), (95% Cl, 1.20-128.3; p=0.035), (% 95 Cl, 1.01-47.36, p=0.049), respectively].

Conclusions: In the present study, we found that the mental health of hospital workers was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a difference between departments. More psychological stress occurs in specific groups such as emergency services and female healthcare professionals, and these groups should primarily be provided with psychological support.
Evaluation of Nosocomial Infections in Reanimation Intensive Care Unit: Analysis of Six Years Surveillance
Authors: KAYA UGUR Berna , METE Ayse Ozlem
Published: September 2020

Objective: Nosocomial infections (NI) raise costs due to the increased in mortality and long-term hospitalization. There are more NIs in intensive care units (ICU) probably due to invasive procedures. In order to reduce NIs, the most important step in terms of prevention is the identification of the common pathogens with their infection rates among these units. For this purpose, the centers should conduct surveillance studies and often evaluate their data.

Methods: We evaluated the infection rates and ratios, between January 1st, 2014 and August 31st, 2019 in Reanimation Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in our hospital. Method of the surveillance was, prospective, active, laboratory and patient based.

Results: In our reanimation ICU, 1591 patients were followed up during the study period. 192 NIs were observed in 179 patients on 21,840 intensive care days. NI rate was found to be 11.25 and Infection density rate was found to be 8.20 and their change over the years was examined. Analysis regarding the source of infections revealed that ventilator-related pneumonia (27.08%) and central venous catheter-related blood-stream infection (25.52%) was most commonly observed during the study period. The ventilator usage rate was 0.54 (11.859 ventilator days) and the central venous catheter usage rate was 0.94 (20.566 catheter days) in the study period. Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 96, 50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 24, 12.5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 18, 9.38%) were most commonly isolated.
Exploratory research for developing advanced pumping and compressor equipment adapted to abnormal operating conditions of oil and gas production
Authors: Appolonievich Sazonov , Albertovich Mokhov , Valentinovich Mulenko , Arturovich Tumanyan , Alexandrovich Frankov , Vasilievna Voronova
Published: September 2020

The observed instability of the oil and gas market makes it necessary to intensify the exploratory scientific research for the development of advanced and inexpensive pumping and compressor equipment intended for oil and gas production and treatment. The ongoing research work is being undertaken with a view to modernize well-known technical solutions and develop new scientific principles for gas compression with the use of labyrinth compressors. From the published materials, it became known that when designing labyrinth pumps, the screw auger on the pump rotor can be replaced with a set of vane wheels. This design approach should be transferred from the field of pumping technology to the field of compressor technology as well. At the initial stage of such research microlevel models of new turbocompressors have been developed to test their performance. Further, was made the transition from the low-cost physical experiments with micro-level models to a deeper study of the working process for the basic model of the compressor with the screw rotor. 3D-model development was carried out with the use of the SolidWorks 3D CAD-system. In order to undertake a calculation study, the FloEFD software package of computational fluid dynamics developed by Mentor Graphics Corporation has been used. The results of the research findings can be used for the development of energy-efficient technologies for the compression and pumping of various gases. The development of cheaper and more economical pump-compressor units will allow for the solution of urgent hydrocarbon exploration and production problems in abnormal operating conditions. Based on similar compressor units, there is a possibility to develop other sectors of science and technology as well.
Warfare against terrorism and colonial experience of European powers in the expert opinions of RAND Corporation
Authors: Nesterov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the expert opinions of RAND Corporation prepared during the warfare against terrorism. Their characteristic feature consists in reference to the colonial experience of the leading European powers in counter-insurgency. Special attention is given to the analysis of two vectors in the activity RAND Corporation: publication of the articles of 1960s-1970s dedicated to the problems of anti-insurrection and adaptation of the colonial experience of counter-insurgency activity to the new conditions of warfare against terrorism in the Near and Middle East. The selected methodology demonstrates how the leading powers perceive the role of colonial knowledge in ensuring domestic security in the “third world” countries (it refers to the lessons of history analyzed on the expert level within the framework of historical modeling of asymmetric conflicts). The conclusion is made that the expert opinions of RAND Corporation virtually resemble the key expert opinions of the time of Vietnam War, but adjusted them to the current conditions of warfare against terrorism. The aforementioned works were rather used for justification of the decisions of political and military elites, and clarification of the context and origins of the new American anti-insurrection doctrine to mainstream audience, as well as to the U. S. officials and commanders inexperienced in subjection of the rebels.
Information space of military-political conflicts in Donetsk and Luhansk through the prism of modern Ukrainian cinematography
Authors: Gorbachev Mikhail Valer'evich , Dibrov Egor Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2020

This article is dedicated to the analysis of information space of the zone of military-political conflicts in Donetsk and Luhansk. The authors shift away from the traditional models and patterns of its explanation, which relate to examination of databases, their maintenance technologies and application mechanism, information systems, and information needs of the information environment. Structural and content analysis of modern Ukrainian cinematography, which reflects the key components of information space of the zone of military-political conflicts in Donetsk and Luhansk is proposed as an alternative explanatory model. In accordance with the substantiated criteria, the author selected the film footages for further examination. Research methodology is based on the content analysis and intent analysis for interpretation of the content and focus of dialogues of the core storylines. Additional methods include the models of comparative analysis of film plots, narrative analysis of film micro-plots, and ideological assessment of films. As a result of the conducted research, the author determined the mechanisms of binary structuring of information space of the zone of military-political conflicts, as well as techniques and methods used for implementation of these mechanisms. The peculiarities of “distortion” of information space of the zone of military-political conflicts are described. Techniques of the film director that comprise the backbone of strategies for positioning information space of the zone of military-political conflicts in modern Ukrainian cinematography are explored. The author is first to analyze the films of modern Ukrainian cinematography regarding the positioning of information space of the zones of military-political conflict in Donetsk and Luhansk.
Discursive loyalty in the conditions of centralization of power in Russia: nature and typology of the phenomenon
Authors: Nikolaev Ilya Viktorovich
Published: September 2020

This article raises a problem of existence of the verbal political symbols of autocratic discourse in public space. The hypothesis is advanced that in the conditions of centralization of the Russian political system, forms a specific type of discursive loyalty, interpreted as communicative behavior within the framework of the structure of verbal political symbols set by the official political discourse. The object of this research is the Russian sociopolitical discourse of Russia in the early XXI century. The subject is the instruments of manifestation of discursive loyalty used by public actors. Special attention is turned to the public attitude on verbal symbols of the country’s leader, political parties and bureaucracy in the conditions of centralization and personification of power over the period from 2000 to the present. An attempt is made to formulate the typology of discursive loyalty based on the components of perception of political symbols indicated by R. Cobb and C. Elder. Three basic types of discursive loyalty are defined depending on the dominance of separate components in perception: 1) affective, based on emotional empathy with the content of the discourse of power and its source; 2) cognitive, based on recognition of the relevance of verbal symbols of the discourse of power; 3) analytical, based on rational choice of the verbal symbols of power upon availability of the alternative or evasive option. Types of loyalty are illustrated by examples of discursive behavior of the subjects of civil society of the early XXI century – presidency and prime-ministry of V. V. Putin, whose personal influence actualized the affective type of loyalty, and the results of transformation of the political system led to proliferation of analytical type of loyalty. The author believes that the prevalence of analytical type of discursive loyalty is dangerous for the political system, due to its simulated nature, which creates an illusion of public support.
Semantic vectors of sociocultural transformations: cultural and philosophical analysis
Authors: Tarasov Aleksei Nikolaevich , Luk'yanchikov Viktor Ivanovich
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the conditions, under which in the transitional periods that are defined by the author as “sociocultural transformation”, is carried out the selection of cultural-dominant characteristics forming the essence of the next gradual stage in the dynamics of culture. These conditions are determined based on the analysis of the dynamics of culture of the European (Euro-Atlantic) civilization. The author considered such transitional periods as Late Hellenism, Renaissance and Reformation, avant-garde and postmodernism, which represent the sociocultural transformation between Antiquity, Middle Ages and Modern Age respectively. The method of philosophical interpretation of the cultural phenomena of European (Euro-Atlantic) civilization became the key method for this research. The main conclusion of this work consists in description of  such semantic vectors of sociocultural transformation as relativization of meanings, paralyzation of meanings, principle of doubt and uncertainty, and separation with the preceding cultural tradition. These semantic vectors orient towards upward tendency of cultural development.
The origins of Russian Opera as the key to understanding modern opera art
Authors: Babenko Oksana Vasil'evna
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the origins of Russian Opera and its evolution. The grounds of Russian Opera can be observed in folk and Church rites of the Ancient Rus’. The origins of Russian Opera stem from the Middle Ages, when the cantatory tradition formed under the impact of Byzantine and Russian folk traditions. The folk-Church events of the XVI – XVII centuries contained the theatrical elements, which later on were incorporated by the professional musical theater. Until the XVIII century, theatrical performances were open only to royalty and upper class society. The first theatre in Russia was built in 1672 for the Tsar and received a name “The Comedy Mansion”. It staged operas on the Biblical themes. The first secular operas appeared in the second half of the XVIII century. In 1756, the Empress Elizabeth of Russia turned the theater into a state and public institution. Russian operas of that time mirrored the Western models to a large extent. The emergence of truly national operas is related to the name of M. I. Glinka (1804-1857). The conclusion is made that modern Opera borrowed the principles of nationalism and humanism from its precursors. The author draws parallels between the first operas, classical Russian Opera on the one hand, and modern Russian Opera on the other. Analysis is carried out on the origin of the plots and libretto of the operas. P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. P. Mussorgsky, A. P. Borodin, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, S. V. S. V. Rachmaninoff, S. S. Prokofiev, D. D. Shostakovich and others, same as the inventors of the opera, wrote their operas based on literary and historical storylines.
Creative unity of personality, life and truth in the philosophy of F. A. Stepun.
Authors: Pugin Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: September 2020

The works of F. A. Stepun are an important phenomenon in the early 1930s émigré discussion on personal freedom. Despite a relatively low interest towards his legacy and persona, many of the ideas and thoughts are currently gaining social significance. Using the method of textological analysis and comparative analysis, the author demonstrates that the formulated by F. A. Stepun idea of the trinity of personality, truth and life can be interpreted as the development of anthropological views upon the question of personality in the context of Russian liberalism. The succession of Russian liberal thought is evident in fact that he understands freedom from a creative perspective, as well as in  the indissoluble connection with truth. F. A. Stepun sees freedom as an essential condition for personal growth, realization of the creative beginning, and declares the trinity of freedom, truth and personality, which are tightly intertwined and transmit ontological saturation to one another.  Personality is not viewed outside of creative pursuit, as there is no freedom other than creative freedom. The creative beginning in a human is perceived as divine and cosmic beginning, attributed as the absolute values and meanings. At the same time, the philosopher has always believed that personality is something greater that just individuality. However, in the ultimate creative sense, it manifests in fate, which reveals the dynamism of personal becoming, depicts it in motion and development.
Category of theme in the genre of essay (on the materials of V. M. Peskov’s essays)
Authors: Cheng Jiaojiao
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the category of theme – one of the leading text categories that reflects the subject matter of speech and extra-textual reality. Analysis of the category of theme in the essay genre is a relevant trend in modern linguistics. The essays by V. M. Peskov, whose works are considered exemplary and representative for the scientific research in the field of humanities, serve as the materials for this article. Among the essays of the Soviet period, the essays of V. M. Peskov rightfully hold a special place and retain its relevance. The research methodology contains categorical-textual analysis based on the category of communicativeness. The novelty consists in application of the categorical-textual method towards analyzing the genre of essay, which implies a combination of uniform by means of explication textual categories, and with a high degree of objectivity, allows to determine the characterological features of the genre and functional style. The means of explication of the category of theme in the genre of essay have the following peculiarities: incorporation of several functions in a single nomination (primary, basic, principal); application of diverse additional nominations (referentially identical nominations, synonyms, taxonomic nominations, substitutions, grammatical transformations, zero nominations). The analysis of a wide range of additional nominations demonstrates that the essays by V. M. Peskov with a high degree of confidence can be attributed to the field of publicistic, fiction and colloquial styles; or in other words, the genre is at the intersection of several functional styles.
Peculiarities of nomination and usage of color tones in the French language
Authors: Urazmetova Aleksandra Vladimirovna , Ryabtsova Nadezhda Ivanovna
Published: September 2020

This article is dedicated to studying the methods of designation of color tones in the French language using adjectivized nouns. The research material consists of 90 nominations of color tones, acquired by means of continuous sampling from dictionaries and Internet sources. Nominations of such specific color tones are given on the basis of associations with the color of various objects, phenomena, and substances that have similar tone. Classification is conducted on the units under consideration, depending on the type of metaphorical transfer underlying the nomination. Special attention is turned to examination of grammatical peculiarities of application of the indicated units in the French language. The obtained results allowed determining the following types of associations in color designation: with the plant life (names of vegetables, fruit, nuts, flowers, plants, trees); with the animal world (names of fish, birds, mammals); with the natural resources, stones, and minerals; with the natural phenomena (force of sky and sea); with the gastronomy (food, sweets, seasonings, drinks); with various materials, substances and objects. The results of quantitative analysis of color tones in the French language, which was conducted for the first time, allowed revealing most productive associations in formation of color neologisms, among which are plant life, natural resources, stones and minerals. The authors’ special contribution consists in studying the grammatical peculiarities of usage the units in question in the French language. In these constructs consisting of two elements — two nouns without a preposition (main + adherent), the second element is an adjectivized noun that exercise function of an adjective. Due to adjectivization, such constructs significantly expand the capabilities of conveying color tones in the French language.