bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Radio Astronomy Search for Cold Dark Matter Axions
Authors: Kelley Katharine , Quinn P. J.
Published: August 2017

The search for axions has gained ground in recent years, with laboratory searches for cold dark matter (CDM) axions, relativistic solar axions, and ultra-light axions as the subject of extensive literature. In particular, the interest in axions as CDM candidates has been motivated by their potential to account for all of the inferred values of

in the standard

model. Indeed, the value of

could be provided by a light axion. We investigate the possibility of complementing existing axion search experiments with radio telescope observations in an attempt to detect axion conversion in astrophysical magnetic fields. Searching for a CDM axion signal from a large-scale astrophysical environment provides new challenges, with the magnetic field structure playing a crucial role in both the rate of interaction and the properties of the observed photon. However, with a predicted frequency in the radio band (200 MHz–200 GHz) and a distinguishable spectral profile, next-generation radio telescopes may offer new opportunities for detection. The SKA-mid telescope has a planned frequency range of 0.4–13.8 GHz with optimal sensitivity in the range of ∼2–7 GHz. Considering observations at ∼500 MHz, the limiting sensitivity is expected to be ∼0.04 mK based on a 24 hr integration time. This compares with a predicted CDM axion all-sky signal temperature of ∼0.04 mK using SKA Phase 1 telescopes and up to ∼1.17 mK using a collecting area of (1 km)2 as planned for Phase 2.
Ultraviolet Light Curves of Gaia16apd in Superluminous Supernova Models
Authors: Tolstov Alexey , Zhiglo Andrey , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Sorokina Elena , Kozyreva Alexandra , Blinnikov Sergei
Published: August 2017

Observations of Gaia16apd revealed extremely luminous ultraviolet emission among superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). Using radiation hydrodynamics simulations, we perform a comparison of UV light curves, color temperatures, and photospheric velocities between the most popular SLSN models: pair-instability supernova, magnetar, and interaction with circumstellar medium. We find that the interaction model is the most promising to explain the extreme UV luminosity of Gaia16apd. The differences in late-time UV emission and in color evolution found between the models can be used to link an observed SLSN event to the most appropriate model. Observations at UV wavelengths can be used to clarify the nature of SLSNe and more attention should be paid to them in future follow-up observations.
Déconstruire ? L’exemple des barrages de la Sélune (Manche)
Authors: Le Lay Yves-François , Germaine Marie-Anne
Published: August 2017

Deux barrages hydroélectriques installés sur la Sélune (Manche) sont visés par un projet de démantèlement qui ne fait pas consensus. Les dimensions du débat public sont explorées au moyen de l’analyse textométrique d’un corpus de 515 articles publiés de 2001 à 2015 dans deux titres de la presse régionale, Ouest-France et La Gazette de la Manche . Les résultats permettent de reconstruire la trajectoire géo-historique du conflit, de restituer les argumentaires et les régimes d’action choisis par les acteurs de la polémique et d’envisager l’évaluation controversée des conséquences que la déconstruction des infrastructures hydrauliques aurait sur le territoire. Les atermoiements des décideurs ont contribué à installer le conflit dans la durée. Émue par les éventuelles modifications de son cadre de vie, une partie de la population locale ressent vivement un sentiment de dépossession qui accompagne souvent les projets susceptibles de se lire à différentes échelles. Les positions tenues par les parties prenantes révèlent autant de régimes d’être au monde qui se focalisent sur des valeurs contrastées.
Enseigner l’histoire à Taïwan : l’impossible concorde ?
Authors: Stolojan-filipesco Vladimir
Published: August 2017

Depuis 1945 et jusqu’à la démocratisation des années 1990, le Parti nationaliste chinois a imposé à Taïwan un régime autoritaire avec pour corollaire des politiques identitaires faisant de l’île une Chine idéalisée. Il s’agissait de présenter le gouvernement en exil de la République de Chine comme le seul à pouvoir légitimement représenter la Chine sur la scène politique internationale. Ce grand récit a été mis à mal à partir du moment où le parti a commencé à relâcher son emprise sur la société insulaire. En 1997, les premiers manuels scolaires accordant plus de poids à l’histoire taïwanaise qu’à celle du continent chinois ont été adoptés, non sans affrontements entre les conservateurs défenseurs d’une identité sino-centrée et les tenants d'une identification taïwano-centrée. Certes, cette réforme n’a pas été remise en cause par la suite, mais des débats similaires se sont produits à chaque édition de nouveaux programmes du secondaire. Cette étude revient sur l’ensemble de ces discussions depuis 1997 en s’attachant à souligner leur lien avec les alternances gouvernementales qui se sont succédé depuis 2000.
Dynasties patronales et construction électrique en France : une greffe qui n’a pas pris
Authors: Lanthier Pierre
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse les raisons pour lesquelles la construction électrique française n’a pas fourni un nombre appréciable de dynasties patronales. Il examine d’abord les possibilités et les contraintes rencontrées par les entreprises familiales dans leur développement. Puis il étudie trois exemples de groupes familiaux ayant produit des dynasties patronales. Il en ressort le fait que les entreprises familiales ont dû recourir à des stratégies spécifiques pour combiner croissance et autonomie familiale. Ces stratégies n’ont à aucun moment freiné l’expansion et la modernisation des moyens de production, bien au contraire. À vrai dire, les difficultés rencontrées par la majorité des sociétés familiales provenaient de la nécessité de poursuivre la croissance technique et managérielle du secteur tout en desservant un marché lent à prendre son essor. Cela supposait des moyens financiers considérables dont ne disposaient pas la plupart des entreprises familiales. Il fallait donc beaucoup de capitaux dès le départ, ou une grande souplesse organisationnelle pour les attirer. La première possibilité n’était pas à la portée de tous, tandis que la seconde comportait une part élevée de risque.
Gestion de la vie privée et continuité familiale dans les entreprises alsaciennes du XIX e siècle
Authors: Stoskopf Nicolas
Published: August 2017

La longévité des dynasties patronales en Alsace est un bon indicateur de la capacité des industriels à gérer leur vie privée. Au XIX e siècle, trois grandes entreprises sur quatre sont ainsi transmises à la génération suivante. Cette réussite est fondée d’une part sur le grand nombre d’héritiers, particulièrement dans les familles de fondateur d’entreprise, qui participent dès que possible à la direction et se préparent à la succession. La cohabitation des générations suppose une grande cohésion fondée sur le respect de l’autorité paternelle, l’égalité de traitement entre frères (et parfois beaux-frères) et des stratégies matrimoniales destinées à renforcer les solidarités et le contrôle du capital. L’individu doit se soumettre à un destin collectif.
Le rôle des accidents de voyageurs dans la gestion des chemins de fer en France
Authors: Caron François
Published: August 2017

Bien que le chemin de fer ait considérablement accru la sécurité des voyages, l’accident ferroviaire a joué un rôle considérable dans l’imaginaire, associé à l’essor des systèmes techniques à grande échelle. Dès l’origine, des statistiques furent dressées et des rapports rédigés pour en analyser les causes, afin d’en tirer les leçons et d’en réduire le nombre. L’accident fut ainsi un facteur décisif de l’évolution des réseaux, tant du point de vue technique qu’organisationnel. La quête de la sécurité explique aussi bien la forte hiérarchisation des administrations ferroviaires, soumises au principe d’obéissance des agents, que la constante amélioration de la qualité des matériaux ou le développement des automatismes et des technologies de l’information, mises au service de la régulation des flux.
Bourreaux d’enfants
Authors: Welsh Geneviève
Published: August 2017

Attentats terroristes, guerres, génocides conduisent les professionnels de la santé mentale des enfants et des adolescents à mettre en place des dispositifs d’aide d’urgence, à analyser ce qui favorise ou empêche la vie psychique, et à discuter de la contextualisation sociale des faits psychopathologiques, comme les fusillades scolaires.
Cancer de l’enfant : effets traumatiques sur la fonction parentale ?
Authors: Bouthier Marie , Colmon-Demol Aurelie , Joron-Lezmi Émilie
Published: August 2017

À partir de notre clinique consacrée aux enfants atteints de cancer et à leur famille, nous nous intéressons aux impacts de la maladie sur la parentalité. De l’annonce qui vient faire effraction aux défenses mises en place par chacun, nous voyons combien les effets psychiques de la maladie ne concernent pas uniquement l’enfant malade, mais aussi ses parents, sa fratrie ainsi que l’ensemble de l’équilibre familial. Face au traumatisme que représente une telle expérience, comment être, rester ou devenir parent, et pour quel enfant ?
Prise en charge du traumatisme chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. La psychothérapie d’Anna en post-traumatique
Authors: Petit-Capiomont Ghislaine , Benoit Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2017

La prise en charge psychologique post-traumatique des adolescents mêle les problématiques propres à cette période de la vie et celles du psycho-traumatisme lui-même. L’exemple de la psychothérapie d’une jeune adolescente en posttrauma illustre les liens croisés entre ces deux approches et la nécessité pour le thérapeute de passer d’un registre à l’autre au cours de son travail d’écoute et d’interprétation.
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Ambrogne Janet A.
Published: August 2017

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder in the United States, believed to affect an estimated 2.8 million adults. In the fifth edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, BED was recognized as a separate diagnosis. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of BED including assessment, diagnosis, and current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options. Implications for nursing are also addressed. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(8), 32–38.]
Quality of Life in Patients With Schizophrenia in China: Relationships Among Demographic Characteristics, Psychosocial Variables, and Symptom Severity
Authors: Cai Chunfeng , Yu Liping
Published: August 2017

The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among demographic characteristics, psychosocial variables, symptom severity, and quality of life (QOL), and the way these variables affect QOL in patients with schizophrenia living in Hubei, China. A convenience sample of 178 individuals with schizophrenia participated. The results suggest that the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale was positively and statistically significantly correlated with employment status (
r
= 0.232,
p
< 0.01) and monthly household income (
r
= 0.311,
p
< 0.01), positively correlated with personal empowerment (
r
= 0.692;
p
< 0.001), and negatively correlated with perceived stigma (
r
= −0.41,
p
< 0.01) and symptom severity (
r
= −0.54,
p
< 0.001). Illness uncertainty was not found to have a relationship with QOL in this sample. Among all variables, personal empowerment (accounting for 22.1% of variance) was the best positive predictor, whereas symptom severity (accounting for 7.6% of variance) was the best negative predictor of QOL in patients with schizophrenia. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(8), 48–54.]
Medication-Assisted Weight Loss in the Age of Obesity
Authors: Leahy Laura G.
Published: August 2017

Obesity is a complex and potentially deadly health concern; yet, there are few medications available to treat this chronic, recurrent disease. Patients are frequently told to “lose weight” and change their diet and exercise habits. For many, making behavioral lifestyle changes is not enough to enhance weight loss efforts and improve overall health and quality of life. Medication-assisted weight loss must be considered as an adjunct treatment to lifestyle changes, as neither alone may provide the sustainable reduction in weight necessary to decrease the medical and psychiatric comorbidities associated with obesity. Short- and long-term medications are available to assist patients in losing excess weight. These agents are safe when taken as prescribed and monitored by a health care professional and incorporated into a plan to create and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Weight loss medication is not a “quick fix” but rather a tool in the kit of resources to combat obesity and improve patients' quality of life. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(8), 21–26.
Introducción: «Te vas pensando que has dejado atrás a zombis». La emigración juvenil: ¿aventura o exilio?
Authors: Feixa Carles , Rubio Clara
Published: August 2017

Uno de los efectos de la crisis económica de 2008 ha sido la emigración de una parte de la juventud española hacia el extranjero, en especial hacia Europa. Las narrativas culturales del fenómeno son ambivalentes: por una parte se ve como una aventura atractiva (que animan a emprender algunos políticos y empresarios), por otra parte se ve como un exilio forzado (que denuncian movimientos sociales y organizaciones juveniles). Aunque tal proceso migratorio evoca uno anterior más masivo —el que tuvo lugar durante los años 50 y 60 del siglo pasado—, sus protagonistas han cambiado: ya no se trata de jóvenes rurales y obreros, con bajo capital educativo, sino de jóvenes urbanos y mesocráticos, a menudo hiperformados. También han cambiado las estrategias de movilidad y comunicación que utilizan: el tren, la carta y los viajes sin retorno son remplazados por aviones low-cost, Skype y viajes pendulares. En cualquier caso, tal proceso se inscribe y acompaña el «viaje antropológico» desde el estudio de los «otros» (los jóvenes en tránsito desde el sur global hacia España) al estudio del «nosotros» (nuestros propios jóvenes en tránsito hacia el norte global). El artículo introduce los textos que componen este número de Temas Emergentes, y se propone analizar la emigración juvenil como un «hecho social total», en términos de Marcel Mauss, que pone en movimiento los recursos económicos, familiares, políticos e ideológicos del conjunto de la sociedad, en un contexto de crisis y renovación
Interpretando la emigración de los jóvenes españoles en un contexto de crisis económica
Authors: Moreno Mínguez Almudena
Published: August 2017

Este artículo trata sobre los efectos de la crisis económica en la movilidad internacional de los jóvenes españoles desde una perspectiva crítica. Las dificultades para encontrar empleo derivadas de la crisis económica han propiciado un cambio sin precedentes en la movilidad internacional de los jóvenes españoles. Los resultados recogidos en este artículo apuntan a un relativo declive de la población joven debido a la reducción de la fecundidad y a la creciente movilidad de los jóvenes, hecho que por un lado ha generado un gran ruido mediático y por otro puede tener consecuencias futuras para la sostenibilidad del Estado de bienestar en España.
Representar la migración juvenil. Estudio comparativo de sus imaginarios simbólicos en la televisión y en las redes sociales digitales
Authors: Soto Merola Joana , Visa Barbosa Mariona
Published: August 2017

El artículo describe las dinámicas de creación de identidades que se fusionan entre las personas jóvenes que han emigrado a Londres en busca de trabajo. Se analizan los discursos y los imaginarios que se desprenden de los medios de comunicación generalistas y de las auto-representaciones que hacen los propios jóvenes de su éxodo. El objetivo del trabajo es entender cómo se negocia la identidad en un contexto mundial interconectado entre sí, arbitrado por las representaciones mediáticas y en el que el Estado-nación ha dejado de tener el monopolio de la construcción de las imágenes identitarias.
Mission auprès des païens et travail pastoral : le vocabulaire de la conversion (Europe du nord, VIIe-Xe siècles)
Authors: Wood Ian N.
Published: August 2017

Il n’y avait pas de différence entre le vocabulaire de mission et le vocabulaire pastoral employé pendant le haut Moyen Âge. Les mots les plus importants concernent la prédication. Mais, même si on ne peut pas distinguer entre le vocabulaire de la mission externe et interne, il faut se souvenir que le contexte dans lequel fonctionnaient les missionnaires externes et les pasteurs internes était totalement différent.
Conversion et apostasie au regard du droit malikite médiéval
Authors: Aillet Cyrille
Published: August 2017

L’apostasie, plus que la conversion elle-même, est ce qui préoccupe au premier chef les sources narratives et les juristes de l’Islam médiéval. Le corpus juridique permet de préciser selon quelles formules légales et quels rites s’effectuent ces changements de statut. L’examen du fiqh permet de souligner les liens entre conversion et abjuration et d’analyser la doctrine de la « sincérité ». Il révèle une image de la conversion islamique plus complexe que celle que l’on retient habituellement.
Dans les petits papiers du pouvoir. Abjurations huguenotes du temps de l’édit de Nemours (1585)
Authors: Foa Jérémie
Published: August 2017

L’article interroge la mise en œuvre de l’édit de Nemours (juillet 1585) dans la France des guerres de Religion. Après avoir établi que ses conséquences furent non négligeables, on s’interroge sur la manière dont il fut appliqué. Qui en furent les maîtres d’œuvre ? Quel savoir-faire fut mis en place pour traquer les faux convertis, contraindre les néophytes à tenir parole ? L’article aborde dans un dernier temps le problème du niveau d’adhésion, notamment aux formules eucharistiques catholiques qui étaient exigées des convertis.
Normes séculières et conversions religieuses dans les corporations d’artisans de la République polono-lituanienne (XVIe-XVIIe siècle)
Authors: Tatarenko Laurent
Published: August 2017

Les réglementations des corporations urbaines de l’époque moderne définissaient de manière rigoureuse les conditions d’accès aux métiers, ainsi que les statuts et les devoirs de leurs membres. Dans les grandes villes de Pologne-Lituanie, ces textes normatifs comportaient également des indications précises sur les appartenances confessionnelles des individus et leurs obligations religieuses au moment des célébrations communes. Ces mentions explicites devaient permettre d’accueillir les artisans protestants et les populations orthodoxes, présentes sur ces territoires, tout en imposant une répartition stricte entre les fidèles de chaque Église afin de prévenir les tensions. Si ces structures ont constitué au départ un obstacle aux conversions des individus, elles sont devenues au cours du XVIIe siècle un relais local des nouveaux rapports de force, issus de la « reconquête » catholique des élites politiques.
La condition juridique du juif converti dans le Traité sur les juifs de Giuseppe Sessa (1717)
Authors: Poutrin Isabelle
Published: August 2017

Le Traité sur les juifs de G. Sessa (1717) offre une vision d’ensemble du changement de condition juridique qu’entraînait le baptême pour les juifs de l’État de Piémont au début du XVIIIe siècle. Les normes exposées et discutées par le juriste turinois sont ancrées dans le droit canonique médiéval et moderne ; elles concernent les modalités de la conversion, les affaires d’argent, les conséquences de la conversion en matière familiale et patrimoniale. Elles témoignent de l’ambivalence de la société majoritaire à l’égard des convertis puisqu’elles visent à favoriser les conversions, mais aussi à imposer au néophyte une période de mise à l’épreuve.
A Learning Theory Rubric for Evaluating Mobile Learning Activities
Authors: Parsons David , MacCallum Kathryn
Published: August 2017

Learning theories underpin the expectations of meaningful outcomes that any given learning task should have. However, educators' understanding and application of such theories is likely to vary with their own experience and context. In this article, we explore the potential value of a rubric for the design of mobile learning activities that is based on a core set of six learning theories, which we have identified from the literature as being highly relevant to the context of mobile learning. The key concepts of these theories have been used to create the evaluation rubric, which supports the analysis of learning activity design from the perspective of each of the chosen learning theories. The application of this rubric is explored from two perspectives. First, we apply it to an existing mobile learning activity to evaluate to what extent the activity embodies the theories within the rubric. Then we propose a redesigned activity by using the rubric as a guiding framework for improving the task design. This process demonstrates the potential value of applying such a rubric to designing mobile learning activities, to ensure that they adequately leverage the components of one or more relevant theories.
The Customized xLearning Environment Model
Authors: Mesquita Anabela , Moreira Fernando , Peres Paula
Published: August 2017

The evolution in Information Communication Technologies, the changes in the labour market requirements together with the needs and expectation of students who arrive in higher education institutions, are forcing education to adapt. Students do not learn all at the same pace nor have all the same learning style or habits. An ideal learning environment would consider these differences as well as students' background, needs and characteristics. It should take into consideration the latest developments in learning theories, communication, social networks and learning objects available in learning management systems. It should also bridge the gap between education and the labour market by connecting all the actors whether they are students, teachers, experts or potential employers. In this learning environment education is closer to the job market allowing all actors to play in this scenario. In this paper, we propose a model where all the learning and e-learning elements are present and where the student is the focus and the one who decides what should be included in this learning environment in order to create a Customized xLearning Environment.
Supplementation of extract of Lafoensia pacari in the diet of semi heavy laying hens
Authors: Moreira Janaina Da Silva , Stringhini José Henrique , Conceição Edemilson Cardoso da , Arhnold Emmanuel , Noleto Raiana Almeida , Carvalho Fabyola Barros de
Published: August 2017

It was intended to evaluate the supplementation of Lafoensia pacari standardized in tannins extract in the diet of laying hens on the performance, internal and external quality of eggs and metabolism of the feed nutrients. A total of 168 Isa Brown laying hens, aged 24 weeks, with the mean weight of 2.6 kg and the mean posture rate of 87% were used during 4 periods of 28 days each. The treatments consisted of Halquinol performance-enhancing antibiotic, Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotic and three levels of pacari extract – 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg kg-1of feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments and seven replicates of four hens each. The pacari standardized in tannin extract presented a percentage of albumen and an egg weight similar to the antibiotic (p < 0.04). The supplementation with the extract improved the shell quality, verified by the specific gravity (p < 0.03) and promoted the metabolizability of ether extract similar to antibiotic and MOS (p < 0.04), allowing its indication as a phytogenic additive.
Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique
Authors: Olivo Paula Martins , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Silva Junior Ranulfo Combuca da , Leal Eduardo Souza , Prado Rodolpho Martin do
Published: August 2017

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets.
PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: McKay Jerome T. , Haro Marcela A. , Daly Christina A. , Yammani Rama D. , Pang Bing , Swords W. Edward , Haas Karen M.
Published: August 2017

B-1 cells produce natural Abs which provide an integral first line of defense against pathogens while also performing important homeostatic housekeeping functions. In this study, we demonstrate that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) regulates the production of natural Abs against phosphorylcholine (PC). Naive PD-L2–deficient (PD-L2−/−) mice produced significantly more PC-reactive IgM and IgA. This afforded PD-L2−/− mice with selectively enhanced protection against PC-expressing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, but not PC-negative nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, relative to wild-type mice. PD-L2−/− mice had significantly increased PC-specific CD138+ splenic plasmablasts bearing a B-1a phenotype, and produced PC-reactive Abs largely of the T15 Id. Importantly, PC-reactive B-1 cells expressed PD-L2 and irradiated chimeras demonstrated that B cell–intrinsic PD-L2 expression regulated PC-specific Ab production. In addition to increased PC-specific IgM, naive PD-L2−/− mice and irradiated chimeras reconstituted with PD-L2−/− B cells had significantly higher levels of IL-5, a potent stimulator of B-1 cell Ab production. PD-L2 mAb blockade of wild-type B-1 cells in culture significantly increased CD138 and Blimp1 expression and PC-specific IgM, but did not affect proliferation. PD-L2 mAb blockade significantly increased IL-5+ T cells in culture. Both IL-5 neutralization and STAT5 inhibition blunted the effects of PD-L2 mAb blockade on B-1 cells. Thus, B-1 cell–intrinsic PD-L2 expression inhibits IL-5 production by T cells and thereby limits natural Ab production by B-1 cells. These findings have broad implications for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at altering natural Ab levels critical for protection against infectious disease, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
Primary Breast Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mohamed Kamal E. H. , Ali Rusha A. E.
Published: August 2017

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) represents 0.04-0.5% of all malignant breast tumors, <1% of all patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and 1.7-2.2% of all patients with extra nodal lymphomas. Despite the high prevalence of breast cancer, primary breast lymphoma is very rare. We report a rare case of PBL, successfully treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This is the first case of PBL to be reported from Sudan to our knowledge.
Hemochromatosis as Junctional Tachycardia, a Rare Presentation
Authors: Ghani Ali , Ahsan Irfan , Gottleib Charles
Published: August 2017

We present here a 45-year-old male with no past medical problem who presented with palpitations. He was found to have supraventricular tachycardia intractable to medical therapy. Later his rhythm converted to junctional tachycardia. Further workup revealed hemochromatosis to be primary etiology causing the arrhythmia. The low index of suspicion for additional workup is key to diagnosis and successful outcome.
Reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Tests for Concussion Assessment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farnsworth James L. , Dargo Lucas , Ragan Brian G. , Kang Minsoo
Published: August 2017

Objective: 

Although widely used, computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) have been criticized because of low reliability and poor sensitivity. A systematic review was published summarizing the reliability of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores; however, this was limited to a single CNT. Expansion of the previous review to include additional CNTs and a meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, our purpose was to analyze reliability data for CNTs using meta-analysis and examine moderating factors that may influence reliability.

Data Sources: 

A systematic literature search (key terms: reliability, computerized neurocognitive test, concussion) of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SPORTDiscus) was conducted to identify relevant studies.

Study Selection: 

Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: used a test-retest design, involved at least 1 CNT, provided sufficient statistical data to allow for effect-size calculation, and were published in English.

Data Extraction: 

Two independent reviewers investigated each article to assess inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies involving 2674 participants were retained. Intraclass correlation coefficients were extracted to calculate effect sizes and determine overall reliability. The Fisher Z transformation adjusted for sampling error associated with averaging correlations. Moderator analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the length of the test-retest interval, intraclass correlation coefficient model selection, participant demographics, and study design on reliability. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q statistic.

Data Synthesis: 

The proportion of acceptable outcomes was greatest for the Axon Sports CogState Test (75%) and lowest for the ImPACT (25%). Moderator analyses indicated that the type of intraclass correlation coefficient model used significantly influenced effect-size estimates, accounting for 17% of the variation in reliability.

Conclusions: 

The Axon Sports CogState Test, which has a higher proportion of acceptable outcomes and shorter test duration relative to other CNTs, may be a reliable option; however, future studies are needed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these instruments.
Nutritional vulnerability: An assessment of the 2010 feeding food programme in Mbire district, Zimbabwe, and its impact on pregnant women
Authors: Ncube Alice , Kunguma Olivia , Nyahwo Moddie , Manombe Stella
Published: August 2017

Malnutrition contributes significantly to Zimbabwe’s high maternal mortality rate. The prevalence of malnutrition among vulnerable pregnant women in the Mbire district of Zimbabwe was studied to establish why they remained vulnerable despite benefiting from the Vulnerable Group Feeding Programme, a subsidiary of the World Food Programme. A case study on the demographic characteristics, nutritional provision of the programme and the vulnerable pregnant women benefiting from the programme was conducted. One hundred women were purposively sampled at health centres in the district. A two-stage sampling procedure was then utilised to select the most food-insecure wards. The two most foodinsecure wards, namely Angwa and Chapoto, were chosen because of their proximity to each other. A questionnaire was administered to the pregnant women to collect their demographic information. Practising nurses at the health centres determined the women’s nutritional status and anthropometrics, and they also assessed the food baskets. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the relevant authorities. The results indicated that the food hamper provided by the World Food Programme was complementary food aid given to all vulnerable members of the community regardless of the nutritional demands. The supplements that the pregnant women received were also inadequate to cater for their nutritional needs or those of the foetuses. It was therefore recommended that the government, through the Ministry of Health, should make more provisions available for vulnerable pregnant women in order to reduce the risks facing pregnant women in the country
Therapeutic Response in Adult Patients with Nonsevere Chronic Paracoccidioidomycosis Treated with Sulfamethoxazole–Trimethoprim: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nery Andreia F. , Crepaldi Natasha P. , Rossi Soraya B. R. S. , Tadano Tomoko , Leal-Santos Fabio A. , Hahn Rosane Christine , Menezes Valfredo M. , Fontes Cor Jesus F.
Published: August 2017

According to the Brazilian Consensus on Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), itraconazole is the drug of choice for treatment. However, the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) is most commonly used in clinical practice because of its higher availability in the public health services. The aims of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic response of patients with nonsevere chronic PCM to SMX-TMP and highlight the factors related to treatment failure. An adequate therapeutic response was defined as completely improved disease signs and symptoms after medication use for a minimum of 6 months, followed by normalized hematological and biochemical changes, radiological improvements, and negative mycological examination findings. Medical records were analyzed for 244 patients with nonsevere chronic PCM who were treated between 1998 and 2014. In total, 41.9% of the patients had PCM for ≥ 8 months. Seven (2.9%) patients were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The median (25%, 75% percentiles) treatment duration was 21 (10, 25) months. Adequate treatment adherence was reported by 68.3% of patients. In addition, 73.6% of patients exhibited an adequate therapeutic response. The majority (82.6%) of patients who were treated with SMX-TMP for > 24 months displayed an adequate therapeutic response, and the frequency of adequate therapeutic response gradually decreased as the duration of treatment decreased. Treatment nonadherence (P < 0.001) and PCM-HIV coinfection (P = 0.019) were factors associated with therapeutic failure. The study results support the good efficacy of SMX-TMP. Attention should be given to PCM-HIV coinfection, emphasizing the concern of a higher risk of PCM therapeutic failure in these patients.
Cystic Echinococcosis in Turkana, Kenya: The Role of Cross-Sectional Screening Surveys in Assessing the Prevalence of Human Infection
Authors: Solomon Nadia , Zeyhle Eberhard , Carter Jane , Wachira John , Mengiste Asrat , Romig Thomas , Fields Paul J. , Macpherson Calum N. L.
Published: August 2017

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Infection leads to formation of cysts within the viscera of the human host. In the 1980s, the transhumant population of northwest Turkana, Kenya, was found to have the highest prevalence of CE in the world. In 1983, AMREF Health Africa and the Kenya Medical and Research Institute launched a CE Control Program in northwest Turkana, screening and treating the local people. This epidemiological study of CE in Turkana analyses approximately 30 years of surveillance and surgical data. Cyst data were categorized using the World Health Organization CE ultrasound classification system before being analyzed for cyst, patient, and population characteristics, and surveillance data from 1985 are compared with more recent surveillance data to assess changes in prevalence in the control region since the commencement of control activities. In 1985, the prevalence of CE among the Turkana was 5.6%. In 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, calculated CE prevalence rates were 1.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Since the 1980s, the age distribution of people with CE in Turkana has shifted: initially, cases of CE appeared predominantly within younger age groups, but recent data reveal a higher prevalence within older age groups. The frequency of infection in females also significantly decreased. The reduction in CE prevalence from 5.6% in the 1980s to 1.9–3.8% in 2010–2012 and the shift in age distribution of CE-infected individuals over time indicate that the prevalence of CE in Turkana has decreased since the control program began.
The Use of Xenosurveillance to Detect Human Bacteria, Parasites, and Viruses in Mosquito Bloodmeals
Authors: Fauver Joseph R. , Gendernalik Alex , Weger-Lucarelli James , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Brackney Doug E. , Foy Brian D. , Ebel Gregory D.
Published: August 2017

Infectious disease surveillance is hindered by several factors, including limited infrastructure and geographic isolation of many resource-poor regions. In addition, the complexities of sample acquisition, processing, and analysis, even in developed regions, can be rate limiting. Therefore, new strategies to survey human populations for emerging pathogens are necessary. Xenosurveillance is a method that utilizes mosquitoes as sampling devices to search for genetic signatures of pathogens in vertebrates. Previously we demonstrated that xenosurveillance can detect viral RNA in both laboratory and field settings. However, its ability to detect bacteria and parasites remains to be assessed. Accordingly, we fed Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes blood that contained Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Bacillus anthracis. In addition, we determined whether two additional emerging viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Zika virus could be detected by this method. Pathogen-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the sensitivity of xenosurveillance across multiple pathogen taxa and over time. We detected RNA from all pathogens at clinically relevant concentrations from mosquitoes processed up to 1 day postbloodfeeding. These results demonstrate that xenosurveillance may be used as a tool to expand surveillance for viral, parasitic, and bacterial pathogens in resource-limited areas.
Evaluation of the Current Techniques and Introduction of a Novel Approach for Estimating Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E , Porwal Amit , Al-Faraj Nida A , Bajonaid Amal M , Sumayli Hassan A
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Several techniques and methods have been proposed to estimate the anterior teeth dimensions in edentulous patients. However, this procedure remains challenging especially when preextraction records are not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate some of the existing extraoral and intraoral methods for estimation of anterior tooth dimensions and to propose a novel method for estimation of central incisor width (CIW) and length (CIL) for Saudi population.

Materials and methods

Extraoral and intraoral measurements were recorded for a total of 236 subjects. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson's correlation tests were performed. Association was evaluated between combined anterior teeth width (CATW) and interalar width (IAW), intercommisural width (ICoW) and interhamular notch distance (IHND) plus 10 mm. Evaluation of the linear relationship between central incisor length (CIL) with facial height (FH) and CIW with bizygomatic width (BZW) was also performed.

Results

Significant correlation was found between the CATW and ICoW and IAW (p-values <0.0001); however, no correlation was found relative to IHND plus 10 mm (p-value = 0.456). Further, no correlation was found between the FH and right CIL and BZW and right CIW (p-values = 0.255 and 0.822). The means of CIL, CIW, incisive papillae-fovea palatinae (IP-FP), and IHND were used to estimate the central incisor dimensions: CIL = FP-IP distance/4.45, CIW = IHND/4.49.

Conclusion

It was concluded that the ICoW and IAW measurements are the only predictable methods to estimate the initial reference value for CATW. A proposed intraoral approach was hypothesized for estimation of CIW and CIL for the given population.

Clinical significance

Based on the results of the study, ICoW and IAW measurements can be useful in estimating the initial reference value for CATW, while the proposed novel approach using specific palatal dimensions can be used for estimating the width and length of central incisors. These methods are crucial to obtain esthetic treatment results within the parameters of the given population.

How to cite this article

Sayed ME, Porwal A, Al-Faraj NA, Bajonaid AM, Sumayli HA. Evaluation of the Current Techniques and Introduction of a Novel Approach for Estimating Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):541-548.
An Innovative Approach to Retention: Thermoplastic Retainer
Authors: David Sumitha A , Ozeer KA Adam , Mohamed Umar , Sunil PC , Paul Parson
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to design and introduce a retainer that overcomes the common shortcomings seen in other retainers.

Materials and methods

Hard thermoplastic sheet of 0.5 mm thickness is vacuum or pressure-molded onto the patient cast. Lingual portion of the retainer is trimmed according to the contours of the anterior teeth. Contact points between the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth are marked on the retainer and reduced. Punch cut holes are placed on the retainer for the exit of flash and air bubbles while fixation. The retainer is bonded onto the lingual surface of the anterior teeth using composite.

Results

A 1-month review of the retainer showed no patient discomfort, occlusal interference, or bond failure. The aim of the article was found to have been achieved.

Conclusion

Initial evaluation has shown positive findings. Long-term clinical findings will determine the overall success of this new retainer.

Clinical significance

As compared with other retainers, thermoplastic retainer has shown reduced tendency to debond from occlusal forces, decreased patient discomfort, and occlusal interference.

How to cite this article

Ozeer KAA, David SA, Mohamed U, Sunil PC, Paul S, Paul P. An Innovative Approach to Retention: Thermoplastic Retainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(7):572-575.
Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal
Authors: Majety Kishore Kumar , Choudhury Basanta Kumar , Bansal Anika , Sethi Achla , Panjabi Jaina
Published: August 2017

Introduction

A thorough knowledge of the anatomic morphology of the root canal system is necessary for the long-term success of the root canal therapy. The occurrence of C-shaped root canal configuration is one such variation. Achievement of favorable prognosis after commencing root canal therapy in such teeth is one of the challenges imposed on the endodontist. Hence, we evaluated the healing occurring after endodontic therapy in patients with C-shaped root canals in mandibular molars.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the institution and included assessment of all the patients who underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular first and second molars. Endodontic therapy was performed in all the cases by experienced endodontist. Final postoperative radiographs were taken. Recording of the data of the personal and clinical details of a total of 250 patients was done. All the clinical and radiographic details of the patients, such as tooth location in the jaw, presence or absence of C-shaped canals, status of the pulp tissue, presence or absence of the fractures, and other details of the patients were recorded. Radiographic and clinical examination of the tooth of the patients was done during the baseline visit and further during the follow-up visits. The presence of C-shaped root canals was confirmed using the radiographs. Periapical index (PI) scoring system was used. Categories defined for enlisting the healing after the root canal treatment with the assessment of the PI score. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results

Vital pulp tissue was encountered in majority of the cases. C-shaped root canal configuration was observed in 40% of the cases included in the present study. After completion of the endodontic therapy, complete crown placement was done in only 22% of the cases. In cases of vital teeth with C-shaped root canals configuration, most of the teeth showed complete healing. Significant results were obtained while comparing the complete coverage crown parameter in relation to the healing process in teeth with C-shaped root canals.

Conclusion

In the present study, no significant effect of the C-shaped root canal configuration was found on the healing rate of the endodontic therapy in mandibular molars.

Clinical significance

Meticulous endodontic therapy with special techniques should be done while preparing teeth with C-shaped root canals.

How to cite this article

Bansal A, Parihar AS, Sethi A, Majety KK, Panjabi J, Choudhary BK. Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):591-595.