bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sphinx Contemplating Napoleon
Authors: Tawadros Gilane
Published: December 2020

Anchored in artistic practice, this vibrant collection of essays and writings spans a period from 1992–2017 and the work of leading artists such as Adel Abdessemed, Richard Avedon, Sonia Boyce, Frank Bowling, Omer Fast, Mona Hatoum, Susan Hiller, Alfredo Jaar, Glenn Ligon and Shen Yuan. A key figure in British and international art, Gilane Tawadros draws difference to the surface, recuperating it as a potentially radical frame through which to understand contemporary art and the everyday world. Playing with forms of writing, from critical analyses to fictional narratives, the book functions as a practice-based meditation on how to write about contemporary art.
Pearl Jam's Vs.
Authors: Brownlee Clint
Published: December 2020

Vs. is the sound of a band on fire. The same confluence of talent, passion, timing, and fate that made “grunge” the world’s soundtrack also lit a short fuse beneath Pearl Jam. The band combusted between late 1992 and mid-1994, the span during which they planned, recorded, and supported their sophomore record. The spotlight, the pressure, the pace—it all nearly turned the thriving act to ash.

Eddie Vedder, the reluctant public face of the band, responded by lashing out lyrically. Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Stone Gossard, who beheld success with varying degrees of anxious satisfaction, attacked their instruments in solidarity. Dave Abbruzzese welcomed the rock-star lifestyle, and left his mark on the record with more than just potent percussion.

Vs. roils with fury—and at times, gently steams—over the trappings of fame, human faults, and societal injustice. The record is a thrashing testament to Pearl Jam’s urgent creativity and greater-good interests, and the band’s logistical calculations behind it drew a career-defining line in the sand. It promised the world that Pearl Jam would neither burn out nor fade away. This book weaves research, little-known details, and band members’ memories into a definitive account of how Vs. set them on a path toward enduring integrity and relevance.
Musician in the Museum
Authors: Fairchild Charles
Published: December 2020

In recent years, popular music museums have been established in high profile locations in many of the presumed “musical capitals” of the world, such as Los Angeles, Liverpool, Seattle, Memphis, and Nashville. Most of these are defined by expansive experiential infrastructures centered around spectacular, high-tech displays of varying sizes and types. Through over-the-top acts of display, these museums influence and reflect the values and priorities in the public life of popular music.

This book examines the phenomenon of the popular music museum outside the typical and familiar frames of heritage and tourism. Instead, it looks at these institutions as markers of the broader entertainment industry in the era of its rise to global dominance. It highlights the multiple manifestations of power as read across a range of institutions and material forms and discusses how this contributes to shaping the experience of popular culture.
Access and Cartel Cases
Authors: Andersson Helene
Published: December 2020

This book examines the legislative patchwork surrounding access to the European Commission’s cartel case files.

Recent legislative changes have increased the value of the files and have also highlighted the inherent tension between a number of competing interests affecting their accessibility. The Commission is undoubtedly caught between a rock and a hard place, charged with the task of ensuring due process, transparency and effectiveness, while at the same time promoting both public and private enforcement of the EU competition rules. The author considers how best to ensure a proper balance between the legitimate but often diverging interests of parties, third parties and national competition authorities in these cases.

The book provides a unique and comprehensive presentation of the EU legislation and case law surrounding access to the Commission’s cartel case files. The author examines the question of accessibility from three different perspectives: that of the parties under investigation, cartel victims and national competition authorities. The author also considers the EU leniency system and whether any legislative changes could make the attractiveness of the system less dependent on the possibilities for cartel victims to access the evidence contained in the Commission’s case files.

Volume 28 in the series Hart Studies in Competition Law
Pease, Chitty and Cousins
Authors: Cousins Edward F , Wilson Graham
Published: December 2020

Containing in-depth commentary and analysis on the history of market and fair rights together with current developments in the law relating to franchise and statutory markets in the UK, this is the leading authority covering this complex area of law in the UK. Concentrating on certain aspects of practice and procedure, it provides practical guidance for local government and land law practitioners in the UK and Ireland, local authorities and private market officers.

Offering legal analysis of all relevant UK and European legislation and case law, coverage includes:

- practice and procedure in relation to rival markets and car boot sales by use of the tort of disturbance

- UK regulation and control by means of byelaws, street trading and the laws relating to pedlars, tolls and stallage, and highway obstruction

- the law of markets, fairs and street trading in the Republic of Ireland

This new edition also provides a practical toolkit of model byelaws and precedents for market officers and local authorities as well as analysis of EU implications post Brexit.
Caravaggio
Authors: Bersani Leo , Dutoit Ulysse
Published: December 2020

Caravaggio (1986), Derek Jarman's portrait of the Italian Baroque artist, shows the painter at work with models drawn from Rome's homeless and prostitutes, and his relationship with two very different lovers: Ranuccio, played by Sean Bean, and Lena, played by Tilda Swinton. It is probably the closest Derek Jarman came to a mainstream film. And yet the film is a uniquely complex and lucid treatment of Jarman's major concerns: violence, history, homosexuality, and the relation between film and painting. In particular, according to Leo Bersani and Ulysse Dutoit, Caravaggio is unlike Jarman's other work in avoiding a sentimentalising of gay relationships and in making no neat distinction between the exercise and the suffering of violence.

Film-making involves a coercive power which, for Bersani and Dutoit, Jarman may, without admitting it to himself, have found deeply seductive. But in Caravaggio this power is renounced, and the result is Jarman’s most profound, unsettling and astonishing reflection on sexuality and identity.
The Matrix
Authors: Clover Joshua
Published: December 2020

The Matrix (1999), directed by the Wachowski sisters and produced by Joel Silver, was a true end-of-the-millennium movie, a statement of the American zeitgeist, and, as the original film in a blockbusting franchise, a prognosis for the future of big-budget Hollywood film-making.

Starring Keanu Reeves as Neo, a computer programmer transformed into a messianic freedom fighter, The Matrix blends science fiction with conspiracy thriller conventions and outlandish martial arts created with groundbreaking digital techniques. A box-office triumph, the film was no populist confection: its blatant allusions to highbrow contemporary philosophy added to its appeal as a mystery to be decoded.

In this compelling study, Joshua Clover undertakes the task of decoding the film. Examining The Matrix's digital effects and how they were achieved, he shows how the film represents a melding of cinema and video games (the greatest commercial threat to have faced Hollywood since the advent of television) and achieves a hybrid kind of immersive entertainment. He also unpacks the movie's references to philosophy, showing how The Matrix ultimately expresses the crisis American culture faced at the end of the 1990s.
Decolonizing Theory
Authors: Nigam Aditya
Published: December 2020

Decolonizing Theory: Thinking across Traditions aims at disentangling theory from its exclusively Western provenance, drawing insights and concepts from other thought traditions, connecting to what it argues is a new global moment in the reconstitution of theory. The key argument, which is the point of departure of the book, is that any serious theorizing in the non-West should be fundamentally suspicious of any theory that only gives you one result-that four-fifths of the world does not and cannot do anything right. Everything in the non-West, from its modernity and secularism to its democracy and even capitalism, is always seen to be deficient. In other words, all it tells us is that we do not live up to the standards set by Western modernity. From this point of departure, it seeks to create a conceptual space outside (Western) modernity and capitalism, by insisting on a rethink of non-synchronous synchronicities.

The book takes three key themes around which the whole story of modernity can be unraveled, namely the question of the political, capital and historical time, and secularism for a detailed discussion. It does so by bracketing, in a sense, the autobiographical story that Western modernity gives itself. In each case, it tries to show that past forms never simply disappear, without residue, to be fully supplanted by the modern, and merely applying theory produced in one context to another is, therefore, very misleading.
Pensar el humanismo a partir del otro Lévinas y la alteridad del envejecimiento
Authors: Gutiérrez Olivares Claudia
Published: December 2020

En el siguiente escrito se examina la cuestión del humanismo en Lévinas, bajo la directriz de una “consideración inactual”. En ella se observa una apuesta de humanismo de corte radical, centrado en el esquema temporal que inaugura el otro. En cuanto modo de ser marginal al yo, el otro abre la escena de una razón excentrada, y conduce la cuestión del humanismo hacia una dimensión temporal particular, comprendida bajo la categoría de envejecimiento en el que se inscribe la huella de lo inmemorial y la dignidad.
Trabajo interprofesional en Chile Impactos de la racionalidad neoliberal y los horizontes de la justicia social
Authors: Muñoz Arce Gianinna
Published: December 2020

Se presentan los resultados generales de una investigación sobre trabajo interprofesional en la implementación de programas sociales, discutiéndolos a la luz de los impactos de la racionalidad neoliberal y desde una perspectiva que pone las discusiones sobre justicia social como un horizonte político insoslayable en el momento actual. Basado en la aplicación de un diseño mixto de investigación, incluyendo técnicas de producción de datos cuantitativas y cualitativas, los resultados del estudio sugieren que el trabajo interprofesional presenta una serie de nudos críticos que se relacionan con esta racionalidad neoliberal: las condiciones laborales inestables, sobrecargadas y precarias de las/os profesionales, la confianza excesiva en su capacidad emprendedora, la construcción de un estatus desigual entre las profesiones y la reproducción de lógicas individualistas y competitivas en las prácticas cotidianas.
Enfoque de Derechos en la Intervención Social Explorando las nociones de conspiración democrática y reconocimiento del otre, desde la experiencia del Centro de Intervención Social de la Universidad Academia Humanismo Cristiano
Authors: Abarca Valera Viviana
Published: December 2020

El enfoque de derechos en la intervención social ha sido ampliamente utilizado desde su diversidad de comprensiones, sin embargo, su ejercicio sigue siendo un desafío, tanto entre los equipos de trabajo, como entre las relaciones que sostenemos con los distintos colectivos que conforman lo social. El presente artículo muestra algunas claves y reflexiones para su operacionalización, a partir de la exploración de las nociones de reconocimiento del otre y de conspiración democrática, a la luz de la experiencia del Centro de Intervención Social, CEIS, de la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano.
El cuerpo y las violencias en el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales
Authors: Merino Jorquera Roberto
Published: December 2020

El trabajo que presentamos a continuación tiene por objeto develar y comprender las violencias e hiperviolencias desarrolladas en las prácticas sociales. Para este fin, realizaremos un recorrido teórico utilizando diferentes aportes de autores que han abordado las violencias desde el plano conceptual y categorial a la vez que ponen en tensión a las Ciencias Sociales en general y al Trabajo Social en particular. De este modo, se abordaran las violencias a partir de los aportes que sitúan al cuerpo y los cuerpos como soportes de estas relaciones donde se concretizan y materializan las violencias e hiperviolencias desde una formación social dada.
Comentario: Un más allá de la Justicia como crítica al Derecho Por otra intervención social
Authors: Gallardo Peralta Lorena Patricia
Published: December 2020

Justicia e intervención social son dos procesos necesariamente vinculados, tendiendo en cuenta que la intervención social busca restaurar, reparar, reconstruir, revindicar (…) un proceso de justicia inacabado, restringido, roto o bien oprimido en el otro. En este sentido, desde el trabajo social y otras disciplinas implicadas en la intervención con colectivos en condiciones de desigualdad social, de opresión o incumplimiento de sus derechos para lograr la justicia social. Abundando en esta idea en su definición internacional el Trabajo social se define como “una profesión basada en la práctica y una disciplina académica que promueve el cambio y el desarrollo social, la cohesión social, y el fortalecimiento y la liberación de las personas. Los principios de la justicia social, los derechos humanos, la responsabilidad colectiva y el respeto a la diversidad son fundamentales para el trabajo social” (Federación Internacional del Trabajo Social).
Desaceleración de la participación laboral femenina en México 1995-2016: implicaciones laborales formales e informales
Authors: Cervantes José Juan , Kumar Acharya Arun
Published: December 2020

Desde 1980, las transformaciones laborales impulsadas por el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal, provocaron en lo global y en América Latina atípicos aumentos en la participación laboral femenina (PLF), en diversas actividades económicas, induciendo con ello el decremento de algunas brechas de género y mejorando, en lo general, su situación ocupacional. Sin embargo, con base en investigaciones que encontraron tendencias a la desaceleración de estos empleos, en el contexto de México se analiza y explica (longitudinal; 1995-2016, y comparativamente, economía formal e informal), una serie de resultados que muestran la existencia de la problemática y sus factibles implicaciones (negativas) en el desarrollo del mercado de trabajo y en la precarización del trabajo femenino, en el corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Coreanos en Chile: Aculturación en un Caso de Migración Reciente
Authors: Choi Jinok , Aguirre Torrini Camilo Sebastian
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo se refiere a la comunidad coreana en Chile y a su inserción, tanto en las corrientes migratorias en Chile como en la diáspora coreana en Latinoamérica. Para ello, este artículo analiza críticamente la literatura sobre migración, producida tanto en Corea como en Chile. El análisis de ambas perspectivas se utiliza para enfatizar un punto en común de ambas: el carácter relativamente reciente de la migración coreana, conceptualizando a los coreanos en Chile como “recién llegados”. Además, mediante una serie de entrevistas, esta investigación se enfoca en la interacción de los migrantes coreanos con “tres sociedades”: la sociedad de destino, la sociedad de origen y un espacio en el cual las sociedades de origen y destino convergen, la comunidad coreana en Chile. Los resultados de este estudio permiten retratar la vida cotidiana de los inmigrantes coreanos como serie de “conexiones” y “desconexiones” que contribuyen a explicar los procesos de aculturación de esta colectividad.
Visión de los educadores acerca de la gestión del conocimiento de sus estudiantes
Authors: Sandoval-Manríquez Mario Waldo
Published: December 2020

Este artículo da cuenta de los primeros resultados del proyecto de investigación “Gestión del conocimiento y reforma del pensamiento en educación”, realizado desde el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de los Lagos y que cuenta con el apoyo financiero de la Beca Iberoamericana, Santander. El primer objetivo del proyecto es conocer la percepción de Directores (as), Jefes de UTP, profesores (as) y personal no docente acerca de la gestión del conocimiento de sus estudiantes, en 7 establecimientos educacionales de las comunas de la Provincia de Osorno. Este estudio se realiza con una metodología cualitativa, basada en el paradigma interpretativo. En una primera etapa se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a los educadores señalados más arriba, las que fueron analizadas con la metodología de análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados señalan que los énfasis pedagógicos están centrados en lo cognitivo; los profesores trabajan para los resultados, medidos con las pruebas SIMCE y PSU. Los educadores coinciden en que sus alumnos son tecnológicos, pero que utilizan las tecnologías para divertirse; al mismo tiempo manifiestan una visión ambivalente de sus estudiantes, los consideran sanos, tranquilos, pero flojos. La familia juega un rol fundamental en la educación de sus hijos, sin embargo, se constata el bajo capital cultural de ésta. La visión de los educadores acerca de la gestión del conocimiento de sus estudiantes se acerca más a los tradicionales métodos de enseñanza/aprendizaje.
The association of diabetes with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Homoud Bareen , Alhakami Alanoud , Almalki Malak , Shaheen Miselareem , Althubaiti Alaa , AlKhathaami Ali , Khatri Ismail A.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus increases stroke risk 1.5 to 3 fold, particularly ischemic stroke. There is limited literature on the impact of diabetes on stroke patients in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES:

Determine the association of diabetes on the presentation, subtypes, in-hospital complications and outcomes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

DESIGN:

IRB approved, retrospective chart review.

SETTING:

Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

All adult patients with ischemic stroke or TIA aged 18 years or older admitted from January 2016 to December 2017 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Stroke severity at presentation, stroke-related complications, discharge disposition and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in relation to diabetes.

SAMPLE SIZE:

802 patients.

RESULTS:

Among 802 cases, 584 (72.8%) had diabetes; the majority (63.1%) were males. The mean age was younger in the non-diabetic stroke group (54.6 [15.5] years vs. 63.3 [9.9],
P
<.001). Hypertension (83.6% vs 49.1%,
P
<.001), dyslipidemia (38.9% vs. 28.9%,
P
=.009), prior stroke (27.7% vs. 19.3%
P
=.014), and ischemic heart disease (20.4% vs. 7.8%,
P
<.001) were more common in diabetic patients whereas smoking was more common (19.3% vs. 11.1%,
P
=.003) in the non-diabetic patients. The commonest subtype of stroke was large artery disease followed by small vessel disease. Both were more common in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients (55.8% vs. 44%,
P
=.003), and (16.6% vs. 11%,
P
=.05) respectively. Diabetic stroke patients were more likely to have lacunar stroke (16.4% versus 9.2%,
P
=.009). TIAs occurred more commonly in the non-diabetic group (26.1% vs. 13.7%,
P
<.001). Non-diabetic patients had a better outcome (mRS score of 0–2) at discharge (62.4% vs. 45.9%,
P
=.002).

CONCLUSIONS:

Almost three-fourth stroke patients were diabetic in our cohort. Diabetic stroke patients were older, had multiple vascular comorbid conditions, presented late to the hospital, and were likely to have more disability at the time of discharge. Large vessel atherosclerosis as well as lacunar infarctions were more common in diabetic stroke patients.

LIMITATIONS:

Missing data about time of presentation in few patients, missing modified Rankin Scale score at discharge.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Endobronchial valve vs coil for lung volume reduction in emphysema: results from a tertiary care centre in Turkey
Authors: Dumanli Ahmet , Metin Bayram , Gunay Ersin
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) by either the endobronchial valve (EBV) or coil (EBC) procedure is recommended for severe emphysematous patients. BLVR applications generally help healthy lung areas ventilate more comfortably by reducing the hyperinflation and improving the contraction capacity of diaphragm.

OBJECTIVES:

Compare our experience with valve and coil BLVR devices.

DESIGN:

Retrospective.

SETTING:

Single tertiary care centre.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Demographic data, vital signs, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), the six-minute walking test (6MWT), vital signs, arterial blood gases and complications were recorded.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Change in PFTs and completion of the 6MWT.

SAMPLE SIZE:

60 Turkish men with a diagnosis of chronic pulmonary lung disease.

RESULTS:

Clinical and demographic characteristics were similar in patients who underwent EBV and EBC. Thirty (96.8%) EBV patients and 27 (93.1%) of the EBC patients were able to properly complete the PFT before the procedures, but all complied after the procedures. Significant improvement in PFTs were achieved after the procedure and there were no statistically significant differences in post-procedure performance. For the 6MWT, the completion rate improved from 15 (48.4%) to 19 (61.3%) patients in the EBV patients (
P
=.125) and from 19 (65.5%) to 21 (72.4%) patients in the EBC patients (
P
=.500). There was no significant difference in completion rates for the walking test for either group (median 32 meters in EBV patients and 37 meters in EBC patients;
P
=.652). Vital signs and arterial blood gases were similar in the two groups. The rates of complications were similar in both groups.

CONCLUSION:

Endobronchial valves and coils are safe and effective methods for BLVR for patients with severe emphysema.

LIMITATIONS:

Relatively small sample, retrospective design, single-centre retrospective study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Consensus Statement of the Saudi Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery on practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nadershah Mohammed , Al-Sebaei Maisa , AlJabbab Abdulsalam , AlMajid Emtenan , AlShadwi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has impacted essentially every country's healthcare system in extraordinary ways, fundamentally changing the way we deliver care. The practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery is no exception. In response to this global health crisis, the Saudi Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery has prepared this consensus statement to inform our clinical and other medical colleagues and the public at large on proper procedures during this time. The statement is based on the best scientific evidence available and follows the guidelines put forth by the Saudi Ministry of Health on the COVID-19 response. It explains how to manage and triage oral and maxillofacial patients based on the level of care needed at the time of clinical presentation.
A second wave of COVID-19 in Cook County: What lessons can be applied?
Authors: Arling Gregory , Blaser Matthew , Cailas Michael , Canar John , Cooper Brian , Geraci Peter , Osiecki Kristin , Sambanis Apostolis
Published: December 2020

During the ongoing public health crisis, many agencies are reporting COVID-19 health outcome information based on the overall population. This practice can lead to misleading results and underestimation of high risk areas. To gain a better understanding of spatial and temporal distribution of COVID-19 deaths; the long term care facility (LTCF) and household population (HP) deaths must be used. This approach allows us to better discern high risk areas and provides policy makers with reliable information for community engagement and mitigation strategies. By focusing on high-risk LTCFs and residential areas, protective measures can be implemented to minimize COVID-19 spread and subsequent mortality.  These areas should be a high priority target when COVID-19 vaccines become available.
THE ROLE OF LABOUR IN CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Kucharski Leszek , Kwiatkowski Eugeniusz
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper is to show the relationship between the size of such factor as workforce and economic growth rate in the 21st century, and, in particular, to determine the contribution of this factor to the economic growth. The empirical basis for the research represents statistics for Poland and the European Union country categories for the 2000–2019 period. The research shows that shares of employment growth rates in GDP growth (the so-called employment absorption rates) are much lower in Poland than in the Eurozone, EU-15 and EU-27 categories. The estimates of the jobless economic growth limits indicate that in Poland in the 2000–2019 period they were much lower than before, and were at a much higher level than in the Eurozone, the EU-15 and EU-27 categories.
Evaluation of One-Day Multiple-Choice Question Workshop for Anesthesiology Faculty Members
Authors: Sezari Parissa , Tajbakhsh Ardeshir , Massoudi Nilofar , Arhami Dolatabadi Ali , Tabashi Soodeh , Sayyadi Shahram , Vosoughian Maryam , Dabbagh Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are used commonly to evaluate medical health students. Most novice educators tend to create poor quality, flawed, and low-cognitive-level questions. Therefore, there is a need for educating the assessors to maximize the quality of MCQs and evaluations. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a one-day MCQ workshop on anesthesiology faculty members. Methods: Faculty members were invited to participate in a four-hour, one-day MCQ workshop. At the beginning of the workshop, the participants were questioned about their knowledge about MCQ quality indexes and also were asked about MCQ general principles (pre-test). Participants were again asked about the questions which they had in the pre-test as their post-test and were questioned about their expectations and the influence of this workshop. Results: The participants declared that their expectations were fulfilled (9.4 ± 0.6 out of 10), and the course was applicable (9.7 ± 0.7 out of 10). Before the workshop, only 12.5% of the participants know MCQ indicators. This rate increased to 41% after the workshop (P < 0.05). Also, they were questioned about Millman’s checklist for the MCQ examination. Participants’ correct answers were increased from 2.75 to 3.05 out of four (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although previous participation in MCQ training courses did not demonstrate an increase in knowledge and attitude, it could be theorized that short-term repetition would yield better results.
Cardiac Troponin Elevation After Long-Distance Cycling is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Exercise Intensity: An Observational Study
Authors: Azam Mahalul , Rahayu Sri Ratna , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Susanto Hardhono , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Bahrudin Udin
Published: December 2020

Background: To date, the mechanisms of post-exercise cardiac troponin elevation are debatable. Previous studies have reported that oxidative stress happens after extended exercise. Objectives: This study purposed to establish the association between the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a marker of oxidative stress, and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) after prolonged cycling. Methods: Ninety-two males in Indonesian cycling tours participated in the present study. Baseline and post-exercise blood specimens were obtained to define MDA and cTn-I levels. The elevations of MDA and cTn-I were determined as positive differences of post-cycling MDA and cTn-I levels to the baseline, respectively. Results: Eighty-eight participants (age, mean = 45.3 years old, [SD]:11.47; body mass index (BMI), mean=24.2 kg/m2, [SD]: 3.03) finished the cycling tours. Subjects’ characteristics were comparable based on the touring category, except for the family history of coronary artery disease, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, neutrophil count, resting heart rate, exercise intensity, and cTn-I elevation. MDA significantly escalated at the level of 210.90 µmol/mL at post-exercise, from 190.18 µmol/mL at baseline. cTn-I also increased at the level of 13.65 ng/dL from 5.16 ng/dL. The elevation of MDA was related to the elevation of cTn-I. Elevation of cTn-I after prolonged cycling was contributed by elevation of MDA and exercise intensity. Conclusions: The present findings support existing confirmation that cTn-I elevation after prolonged exercise is related to oxidative stress and exercise intensity.
‘In the Human Heart’
Authors: LeNotre Gaston G. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

A premodern philosophy of race and racism in Thomas Aquinas resolves some seeming oppositions between the three most current theories of race. Thomas’s generational account of race is primary. It affirms the racial naturalist view that there are biological differences between people, and some of which stem from a characteristic genotype and geography. Thomas’s individual account of race is secondary but nevertheless a necessary clarification of the generational account. It affirms the racial skeptic view that these racial characteristic properties are individual properties, not essential or specific properties, and as such cannot lead to a definite, essential being that is a ‘race.’ Thomas’s intersubjective account of race is tertiary, insofar as it presumes the generational and individual accounts, and yet crucially explains a peculiar social reality. It affirms the racial constructionist view that the intention by which we understand the notion of race is a socially constituted object, a mind-dependent reality informed by experience.
The Ethical Impermissibility of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy in Gender-Dysphoric Minors
Authors: Berns Phillip ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

Gender dysphoria in children has become a hot-button topic; however, clinical data still remain sparse on the effects of hormone therapy and transitional surgery on the physical and psychological well-being of those children. The American College of Pediatricians (as opposed to the American Academy of Pediatrics) cites studies indicating that anywhere from 77 to 94 percent of boys and 73 to 88 percent of girls desist in GD; that is, following puberty the majority of children who experience GD will identify with their assigned biological sex. After reviewing the clinical studies, this paper addresses the notion of gender from a Thomistic perspective, locating gender as a differentiation in the matter of the person flowing from the essence of the soul, resulting from the power of generation as opposed to other differences such as sight, which functions the same regardless of material differences. As a result, the paper concludes that hormone therapy cannot be morally licit for children.
An introductory perspective on emerging, transformative technologies in biopharma: promises, challenges and impediments
Authors: Boni Arthur A
Published: December 2020

This article provides a top-level overview of some key challenges and potential solutions associated with the development and commercialization of innovative and transformative solutions to address identified needs in biopharmaceutical, MedTech and Digital Health markets. As the industry seeks to incorporate more diverse technologies, it is simultaneously transforming thru the formation of open innovation partnership models and collaborations amongst the various parties in the ecosystem, including start-ups and emerging organizations. Accordingly, organizational, or business model transformation is required to reduce risk, while providing for capital-efficient development, clinical validation, and commercialization. We also address the need for an ethical and transparent approach to align the interests of all parties in the healthcare ecosystem and to achieve affordable pricing of the resultant solutions.
A framework for comparing R&D productivity at big pharma companies vs. biotech startups
Authors: Murphey Richard
Published: December 2020

Biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D) productivity has been steadily declining for several decades.  Preliminary evidence suggests that this trend is stabilizing or reversing.  One hypothesis explaining this improvement in R&D productivity is that the industry has shifted early-stage R&D activity from large multinational pharmaceutical companies to more smaller venture-backed startup companies.  We examine recent trends in FDA approvals and biopharmaceutical R&D investment to develop a framework to evaluate whether small companies are more productive at R&D than larger companies.
Three-dimensional optical modeling of color filter liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplays
Authors: Zhang Bao-Long  , Li Dan  , Dai Feng-Zhi  , Yang Shi-Feng  , Hoising Kwok  ,   College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China;,   Center for Display Research, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Published: December 2020

A three-dimensional (3D) optical model is developed for small color pixels in color filter liquid-crystal-on-silicon (CF-LCOS) microdisplays. The 3D optical model includes an LC electromechanical analysis of color LC cells, a calculation of optical reflectance using the extended Jones matrix, and a standard RGB (sRGB) representation of the optical reflectance in the pixel array. The simulated optical reflectance accords well with the experimental result.
Self-focus and transmission of relativistic electron beam in a dynamically loaded plasma
Authors: Su Dong  , Tang Chang-Jian  ,   The Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Published: December 2020

In order to further study the radiation of the relativistic electron beam-ion channel experimentally and theoretically, the propagation of a relativistic electron beam in neutral gas and its self-focusing process are investigated. Particle in cell (PIC) simulation shows that the electron beam can self-focus and transmit the dynamically loaded plasma through impact ionization. The transverse and the longitude inhomogeneities of the ion background have significant effects on the transport properties of the electron beam. Base on these researches, a model of transmission of electron beam in a transverse non-uniform ion background is supposed. And the condition of self-focus is given. The numerical results show that the transverse inhomogeneity will lead to the mixed phase transmission of the electron beam, and the inner electrons can defocus near the focus point, which is consistent with the PIC simulation. The PIC simulation also shows that due to the self-focusing of the electron beam, there are much more ions to be ionized at the focus point, which will capture the lower-energy electrons after collision, the capture electron effect will significantly reduce the efficiency of the transmission of the electron beam. But the distribution of the captured electrons in the longitude direction is quasi-periodic, which acts as the electrostatic Wiggler field. These may achieve the dynamical loading of the electrostatic Wiggler field. These results give new clues to the further study of electron beam-plasma system in experiment and the establishment of theoretical models.
Geometric structure and electronic characteristics of NaBn (n=19) clusters
Authors: Ruan Wen  , Xie An-Dong  , Yu Xiao-Guang  , Wu Dong-Lan  ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
Published: December 2020

The geometric configurations, electronic structures, vibrational frequencies, and average binding energies of NaBn(n=19) clusters are studied using the B3LYP DFT method at 6-311+G(d) level. The stabilities of the ground states of NaBn(n=19) clusters are analysized by means of energy gaps, and secondary energy differences between the ground state structures. And the polarizations are studied.
Electron broadening of the resonance lines of Ar+17 and Ar+16
Authors: Duan Bin  , Wu Ze-Qing  , Yan Jun  , Li Yue-Ming  , Wang Jian-Guo  ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathmatics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: December 2020

With the revised UCL wave code, the reactance matrix can be calculated when an electron impacts on an ion, so that the scattering matrix and the collision strength are calculated. With the collision strength, the electron broadening of the resonance line is studied. Specifically, the widths and the shifts of resonance lines emitted from Ar+17 and Ar+16 are calculated under the different values of electron temperature and electron density.
Evolution of ultracold 70S Cs Rydberg atom
Authors: Che Jun-Ling  , Zhang Hao  , Feng Zhi-Gang  , Zhang Lin-Jie  , Zhao Jian-Ming  , Jia Suo-Tang  ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: December 2020

Ultracold 70S Cs Rydberg atoms are obtained by two-photon excitation in a magneto-optical trap, and detected by using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The evolution of 70S Rydberg atoms is investigated by changing the delay time between excitation laser and ionization electric field and the excitation duration. Blackbody radiation is taken into account to explain experimental result. The experimental result is found to be consistent with theoretical value.
High-gain Raman scattering spectrum of trapped atomic gas
Authors: Jia Zhen-Qiang  , Zhang Lin  ,   Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the Raman scattering spectra of cold atomic gas in different environments are closely calculated. Comparing the spectra from the atoms in free and trapped environments, the calculation result gives a right spectrum structure for the free atoms and reveals a distinct high-gain spectrum exhibiting a comb-like structure for the harmonic trapped atoms. The spectral peaks of the trapped spectrum are uniformly distributed and the distance between adjacent spectral peaks exactly equals the frequency of the trap. The nonlinear gain scheme and the gain conditions of the Raman scattering process are clearly given in this paper.
Theoretical study of the P-branch spectral lines in d1+b1+ electronic state transition of NbN molecule
Authors: Wang Qi  , Fan Qun-Chao  , Sun Wei-Guo  , Feng Hao  ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Computation Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China;,   School of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China;,   Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Published: December 2020

The accurate P-branch spectral lines of high-lying rotational quantum states of (1,1) band in d1+b1+ electronic state transition of NbN molecule are obtained in this work using the analytical formula proposed in Sun's previous work. The formula not only reproduces all known experimental spectral lines excellently, but also generates the correct values of the unknown spectral lines up to J=80 that are unavailable experimentally for this band.
Spectrum of PuO under inner radiation fields
Authors: Xie An-Dong  , Zhou Ling-Ling  , Ruan Wen  , Wu Dong-Lan  , Luo Wen-Lang  ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
Published: December 2020

A density functional method DFT/B3LYP with SDD basis for Pu and 6-311+G* basis for O is used to study HOMO energy level, LUMO energy level, energy gap, and harmonic frequency of PuO ground state molecule under different inner radiation fields ranging from -0.005 to 0.005 a.u.. The results show that the magnitude and the direction of the electric field have important effects on these characteristics of PuO molecule. The HOMO energy level is found to decrease, but the LUMO energy level, energy gap and Fermi energy level are found to increase with the increase of electric field. The electron which occupies orbital is difficult to stimulate to empty orbital and transform into excited state. The PuO molecule is more stable in inner radiation field, and it can prevent O2, H2 and so on from proliferating to superficial inner layer and corroding the plutonium surface, which contributes to the plutonium corrosion prevention in inner radiation field.
Generating isolated attosecond pulses at an arbitrary angle of the two-color polarized laser pulse
Authors: Xia Chang-Long  , Liu Xue-Shen  ,   Institute of Atomic and molecular physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Published: December 2020

By adjusting the polarized angle of a two-color laser field that is synthesized by a 12 fs/2000 nm and 12 fs/800 nm, we find that the spectrum of the high-order harmonic generation has a “funnel structure” in the second plateau when θ is π/2. And when θ is π/6, a bandwidth of supercontinuum about 290 eV is observed. We illustrate the structure of the high-order harmonic generated spectrum by the time-frequency analysis. An isolated attosecond pulse is obtained by intercepting an arbitrary 70 eV width in the supercontinuum plateau, and whose full width at half maximum (FWHM) is about 60 as. When we intercept a narrow width of the bandwidth of supercontinuum, a linear polarized attosecond pulse with FWHM 94 as is obtained. All those are convenient to generate and use attosecond pulse in experiment.
Theoretical study of shield effect in the momentum transfer dependence of the cross section
Authors: Chen Zhan-Bin  ,   College of Physics and Electrical Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
Published: December 2020

The momentum transfer dependence of the cross section for electron impact ionization of helium for (e,2e) process is investigated by use of BBK model and modified BBK model. The results of the present work are compared with experimental data. The structure of the cross section is analysed, and the effective shield is discussed in detail in the final state.
Electromagnetically induced negative refraction induced by microwave field driving hyperfine levels transition
Authors: Li Xiao-Li  , Zhang Lian-Shui  , Sun Jiang  , Feng Xiao-Min  ,   College of Physical Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Published: December 2020

Electromagnetically induced negative refraction induced by microwave field driving hyperfine level transition is studied by proposing a quasi-lambda type four-level system. Negative refraction characteristics are observed when hyperfine levels within ground state are driven by a microwave field which interacts with electric dipole moment or magnetic dipole moment at different hyperfine levels. In addition, two optical transitions between ground state and excited state are driven by two coupling fields respectively, and the frequency bandwidth of negative refraction is controlled by the detuning of two coupling fields. It is shown that frequency bandwidth of negative refraction is much narrower under off-resonant coupling field than under the resonant coupling field and there is a significant difference in behavior between positively detuned coupling field and negatively detuned coupling field.
Time-resolved spectrum characteristics of instantaneous plasma generation and evolution processes in nanosecond laser-Cu-target
Authors: Liu Yuan-Xing  , Liu Shi-Bing  , Song Hai-Ying  , He Run  ,   Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Published: December 2020

The physical processes in the generation and the evolution of copper plasma induced by a high power nanosecond laser pulse are investigated with time-resolved spectrum. In the solid-gas-liquid phase transition, the intensity of reflected beam evolving with time markedly reveals the absorption of laser energy in the laser-copper interacting zone. So the phase transitions on the surface of copper target result in the fact that intensity of reflected beam evolving with time obviously presents a double-peak structure. Meanwhile, the appearance times of the plasma-gas-liquid phase transition on the target surface is advanced with the increase of peak-power of laser pulse. Therefore, these transient properties can be an efficient approach to diagnosing the phase transitions of copper target when the laser irradiates the target surface.
A high power photonic crystal fiber laser oscillator based on nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locking
Authors: Zhang Da-Peng  , Hu Ming-Lie  , Xie Chen  , Chai Lu  , Wang Qing-Yue  ,   Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering , Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Published: December 2020

A high power femtosecond fiber laser based on a Yb-doped large mode area photonic crystal fiber operating in an all-normal dispersion regime is experimentally demonstrated. A ring laser cavity is used without any elements for dispersion compensation. Stable mode-locking is achieved through nonlinear polarization rotation and the dissipative function of a filter. The laser directly outputs 1.03 ps chirped pulses at a 49.09 MHz repetition rate for an average power of 10 W, corresponding to a pulse energy of 202 nJ. The pulses are compressed to 95.5 fs with a grating pair outside the cavity.
Multi-beam laser heterodyne measurement with ultra-precision for the glass thickness based on oscillating mirror sinusoidal modulation
Authors: Li Yan-Chao  , Wang Chun-Hui  , Gao Long  , Cong Hai-Fang  , Qu Yang  ,   National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, We propose a novel method of measuring glass thickness by means of multi-beam laser heterodyne. Based on the Doppler effect and the heterodyne technology, loading the information about the glass thickness into the frequency difference of the multi-beam laser heterodyne signals by sinusoidal frequency modulation of the oscillating mirror that is in a simple harmonic motion, we can simultaneously obtain many values of the glass thickness through the multi-beam laser heterodyne signal demodulation. Processing these values by weighted-average, the glass thickness can be obtained accurately. This novel method is used to simulate the measurements for different glass thicknesses by MATLAB, the obtained result shows that the relative measurement error obtained by using this method is just 0.008%.