bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF SHAQEEQA (MIGRAINE) BY HIJAMA BISH SHART (WET CUPPING) AND NUTOOL THERAPY – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Tausif Mohammad , Ansari Abdul Tawwab , Rahman Anisur , Rais Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Unani system of medicine or Greeko-Arab medicine, founded by Hippocrates is based on the concept of balance and equilibrium of natural body humors (Akhlat) i.e. (Blood, Phlegm, Bile and Black bile). Any imbalance in quality and quantity of these humors
leads to various diseases where as restoration of this equilirium maintains health. In present era man is subjected to various challenges and stressful situations every day in there life as a result of which pain in the head or headache is very common. Among
various types of headache, Shaqeeqa (migraine) is the most important one. In Unani system of medicine Shaqeeqa (migraine) is treated by a number of single or compound drugs and through various regimens of Ilaj bit tadbeer like Hijama bish shart (wet
cupping), Fasd (venesection), Dalk (massage), Nutool therapy etc. In this case study Hijama bish shart (wet cupping), applied on the Al-kahil region, total 3 sittings of wet cupping were done on every 5 day after that 5 sittings of nutool therapy were done on every 3 day. Considerable improvement both in disease process and in quality of life was achieved.
REVIEW OF THE TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.): AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT IN UNANI MEDICINE
Authors: Ara Shabnam Anjum , Akhlaq Shaheen , Fazil Mohammad , Akram Usama , Ahmad Bilal , Haque Merajul , Sayeed Ahmad , Khan Asim Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with common name fenugreek, is a very popular spice as well as an important herb of traditional Unani medicine. It is one of the most promising herbs having nutritional as well as medicinal value, used for the treatment of an extensive range of ailments.
Objective: The aim ofthe review isto present the traditional uses, phytochemistry, toxicology in the light of Unani medicine as well as contemporary researchesto comprehend itsimportance.
Methods: The literature was collected from classical Unani textssuch as Khazain al-Advia, Makhzan al-Advia, Muhit-i-Azam, Al-Jami li Mufradat al- Advia wa'l Aghziya, Al Qanoon Fit Tib etc., and scientific data from published experimental and clinical studies were searched from search engines like Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Google scholar, Pub Med etc.
Results: Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation of different compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin, volatile contents, gum and fibre. Fresh plant ingredients such as seed, leaves etc, crude extracts and isolated constituents of fenugreek
showed a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo studies that embrace its hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.
Conclusion: With its vast mode of action, it influences in multiple ways in treatment of the diseases and the present review revealed its therapeutic potential and status. For future research prospects, the need of further studies involving mechanisms of
action on scientific parameters is essential.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL AND TOPICAL UNANI FORMULATIONS IN TAQASHSHUR AL-JILD (PSORIASIS): A CASE STUDY
Authors: Ismail Bhoraniya Abdullah , Ahmad Ansari Umme Ammara Maqbool , Jabeen Juveria , Kalam Mohd Afsahul
Published: January 2022

Taqashshur al-Jild (Psoriasis) is an Autoimmune Inflammatory disease with a worldwide prevalence of about 1.5 -2%. A 27 years old male patient, approached the outpatient department of the N ational Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorder (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, with complaints of itching, scaling like dandruff, bleeding, burning of the scalp for one month. The examination of the skin revealed Psoriasis of the scalp. The patient was treated with the Unani regimen comprising of compound formulations Itrifal Shahetra (oral) 5gm, Habb-i-Musaffi Khoon (oral) 2 tablets, Marham Safed Kafoori (Topical), and Roghan Kamela (Topical) over scalp twice daily for 8 weeks days. The patient did not report any adverse effects during and after the treatment. After 8 weeks days of treatment, the whole scalp showed absence of the sign and symptoms of the disease. There was no recurrence of the disease during the next 2 months of post-treatment follow-up. This case report documented the successful treatment and prevention of recurrence of scalp psoriasis through Unani medicines. It concluded that the Unani regimen is effective and safe in the management of scalp psoriasis.
Aferição de usabilidade de interfaces assistivas sob o prisma da computação afetiva
Authors: Mezencio Rovilson , Andrade Ana  Carolina do C. , Lemos Rodrigo Pinto
Published: January 2022

Testes psicométricos podem classificar pessoas dentro de grupos com habilidades, competências, modo de agir e pensar semelhantes. Interfaces de software assistivas deveriam ser personalizadas ao máximo, a fim de reduzir o impacto do uso da tecnologia por pessoas com deficiências ou seus cuidadores. Seria relevante saber se personalidades diferentes reagem emocionalmente ou mesmo cognitivamente da mesma forma ao usar uma ferramenta assistiva. Em uma pesquisa realizada com 98 participantes, autorizada pelo Comitê de Ética da UFG, é isso que este trabalho propõe a descobrir.
Effect of Inventory Management Activities on Retailers’ Satisfaction in Inyange Industries Limited in Gasabo District, Rwanda
Authors:   Mount Kenya University of Rwanda, Irechukwu Eugenia Nkechi
Published: January 2022

This research examined the effect of inventory management activities on retailer satisfaction in manufacturing industries in Rwanda from the year of 2016 to 2021. The mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative data were used as research design to collect results from 121 respondents from 174 who were expected as sample size of the study by the use of simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Before, the actual process of data collection the researcher pre-tested the questionnaire survey and the key informant interview, which were used later for collecting data from the field. Thus, the quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive as percentage distribution and inferential statistics represented by multiple linear regressions. Thus, the regression coefficients demonstrated that ?1 =.241, with p=0.002 < 0.05 at sig. level of 5% which proves that IOP had a statistically positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of retailers; ?2 = .311 with p=0.001 < 0.05 at a sig. level of 5% implying that ISM had a positive and statistical significant effect on satisfaction of retailers; and ?1 = .402 with p= 0.000 < 0.05 at a sig. level of 5% implying that IDM had demonstrated a positive and statistical significant effect on retailers’ satisfaction in IIL between 2016 and 2021. The respective coefficients further indicate that 24.1 %, 31.1% and 40.2% of the variability in retailers’ satisfaction can be attributed to inventory order processing, inventory storage management and inventory distribution management respectively. The research recommends IIL to adopt JIT inventory practices all the time to avoid inventory costs while retailers need to accurately forecast demand and make orders before they experience stock-outs which affects the supply chain. It is hoped that this study will encourage IIL to sustainably adopt inventory management activities that will continue to sustain their retailer satisfaction. The study may also motivate other researchers to conduct research covering the whole country in order to improve its reliability. Keywords: Inventory Management Activities, Retailer Satisfaction, Manufacturing Industries, Rwanda
Durability Experiences on the Traditional and SCM Founded Blended Concrete
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Giet Engineering College, Rajahmundry, India., Chakrapani Eti Tirumala , Kashyap A M N ,   Civil Engineering Department, Giet Engineering College, Rajahmundry, India., Anjaneyulu G ,   Civil Engineering Department, Giet Engineering College, Rajahmundry, India., Manikanta M R ,   Civil Engineering Department, Giet College of Engineering College, Rajahmundry, India.
Published: January 2022

Concrete might be the maximum substantially used construction material in the global with approximately six billion tones being produced each year. It is best subsequent to water in phrases of in keeping with-capita consumption. However, environmental sustainability is at stake both in terms of damage due to the extraction of raw material and CO2 emission all through cement manufacture. This brought pressures on researchers for the discount of cement intake by means of partial substitute of cement by using supplementary materials. These materials may be obviously happening, industrial wastes or by way of-products that are less energy extensive. Fly ash and Ground Granulated Burnt Slag (GGBS) are selected specifically based totally on the standards of fee and their long lasting qualities., Not best this, Environmental pollution also can be decreased to a point due to the fact the emission of dangerous gases like carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide are very restricted. These substances (referred to as pozzalonas) when combined with calcium hydroxide, reveals cementitious compositions. Most commonly used pozzalonas are fly ash, silica fume, met kaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This wishes to look at the admixtures performance whilst combined with concrete so as to ensure a discounted existence cycle fee. The present research consists of three phases and reports the specializes in investigating characteristics of M35grade concrete .In the 1st phase the behavior of standard and SCM concrete (7.5%FA and 7.5%GGBS) of M35 grade specimens with different percentages of chemical admixtures curing with acids such as HCL. 2nd phase the same grade of specimens curing with Alkaline such as NaOH and in the 3rd phase the same grade of specimens curing with sulphate solution MgSO4 and finally assess the losses of mechanical properties and durability considerations of the concrete due to these conditions were reported.
Weighted Average Based Differential Quadrature Method for One-Dimensional Homogeneous First Order Nonlinear Parabolic Partial Differential Equation
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia., Koroche Kedir Aliyi
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the weighted average-based differential quadrature method is presented for solving one-dimensional homogeneous first-order non-linear parabolic partial differential equation. First, the given solution domain is discretized by using uniform discretization grid point. Next, by using Taylor series expansion we obtain central finite difference discretization of the partial differential equation involving with temporal variable associated with weighted average of partial derivative concerning spatial variable. From this, we obtain the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and it is linearized by using the quasilinearization method. Then by using the polynomial-based differential quadrature method for approximating derivative involving with spatial variable at specified grid point, we obtain the system of linear equation. Then they obtained linear system equation is solved by using the LU matrix decomposition method. To validate the applicability of the proposed method, two model examples are considered and solved at each specific grid point on its solution domain. The stability and convergent analysis of the present method is worked by supported the theoretical and mathematical statements and the accuracy of the solution is obtained. The accuracy of the present method has been shown in the sense of root mean square error norm and maximum absolute error norm and the local behavior of the solution is captured exactly. Numerical versus exact solutions and behavior of maximum absolute error between them have been presented in terms of graphs and the corresponding root mean square error norm and maximum absolute error norm presented in tables. The present method approximates the exact solution very well and it is quite efficient and practically well suited for solving the non-linear parabolic equation. The numerical result presented in tables and graphs indicates that the approximate solution is in good agreement with the exact solution.
D-Medium Control the Temperature of Electron Inside and Outside the Atom
Authors:   Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Tribhuvan University, Nepal., Dhobi Saddam Husain
Published: January 2022

The objective of this work is to show the presence of D medium and the presence of this medium to control the temperature of an electron inside or outside the atom. For this, some mathematical model developed in [1], work for temperature with velocity was developed and presence of D-Medium inside atom described [2]. On interconnecting temperature and D-Medium, the concept of D-medium generated and shows that D-medium surrounded the electron in all cases (free, inside an atom, or other), this medium controls the temperature of the electron. Hence temperature of an electron depends upon the D-medium either inside an atom or outside the atom. The penetration of a specific photon through this medium also increases the temperature of the electron because the electron is composed of sub-electronic particles [3].
Field Capacity and Efficiency of a Turmeric Rhizome Planter in Response to Machine Speeds and Some Selected Crop Parameters
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Agidi Gbabo , Muogbo Chukwudi ,   Engineering Section, N National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria, Mohammed Gana Ibrahim ,   Department of Agricultural and Bioenviromental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

This study present variation in field capacity and efficiency of a turmeric rhizome planter in response to the machine speed and some selected turmeric parameters (dimension); turmeric rhizome length and diameter. This was done with a view to ascertaining the best condition under which the planter could perform optimally. The land area covered in a specific duration by the planter depends largely on the field capacity. The turmeric rhizome planter consists of trapezoidal hopper, grooved cylindrical metering devise, ground wheels made of mild steel, chain/sprocket drive system, three linkage point and frame. The experiment was randomized in a factorial design of three levels of rhizome lengths of 30, 45 and 60 mm, diameter of 25, 30 and 35 mm and operational speeds of 8, 10, and 12 kmh-1. The result of the study shows that increase in planter operational speed resulted in an increase in field capacity and efficiency of the planter, and had a significant effect on them. The turmeric rhizome lengths and diameter were found to have insignificant effects on the field capacity and efficiency of the planter.
A Review on Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Concrete by using Rise husk ash and hydrated lime
Authors:   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Srinath Doddipati , Ramesh Gomasa ,   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India.
Published: January 2022

Concrete is a commonly used construction material all over the globe. Environmentally conscious construction is essential in today’s society. By using the proper materials, we may achieve long-term construction. RHA is often used as a cementitious product replacement, and in such cases, we may mix RHA with hydrated lime. Many research has been conducted on RHA, and they all indicate that it outperforms other kinds of concrete. The importance of rice husk ash in construction and its applications are the subject of this essay. Many studies have been undertaken to identify appropriate replacements for cement in concrete mixes to reduce our over-reliance on cement as a component in concrete production owing to its contribution to CO2 emissions. This article examined the research on the usage of fly ash and rice husk ash as partial concrete replacements and the chemical composition of these materials, and their impact on concrete compressive strength. The mix was created using a logical approach in which solid components were set, and water and superplasticizer content were modified to get the best viscosity and flowability. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a rice milling byproduct. Its usage as a soil stabilizer provides an environmentally friendly alternative to ultimate disposal. Because RHA is not self-cementitious, a hydraulic binder, such as lime, must be added to create cement types to strengthen the soil. In sandy soils, studies on stabilization using RHA and lime mixtures were carried out. RHA of rice husk incineration in ordinary ovens with no temperature control and laboratory burning at regulated temperatures were utilized. In soil mixes with varying RHA and lime concentrations, cementitious compounds were found to develop. Soils treated with RHA and lime underwent unconfined compression strength testing. All RHA and lime concentrations and periods tested showed strength gains, and all materials created were changed rather than stabilized. The use of RHA to improve sandy soils offers environmental, social, and economic advantages as an alternative to ultimate disposal.
Impact of Swear and Negative texts on Social Media Users
Authors:   Research Scholar, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Assistant Professor, CSE, FET, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India., Jindal Srishty , Prasad Dr. S.V.A.V. ,   Prof., EEE Dept., Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, Haryana, India., Sharma Dr. Kamlesh ,   Associate Professor, CSE, FET, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, the use of social media has increased exponentially. People show different behavior on social media depending on the kind of responses and behavior of people around them. It is important now to analyze the behavior of social media users and the way how they affect their friends. In this paper, behavioral analysis of people is done based on Twitter data. An algorithm is proposed which helps in finding the impact of text written by someone on social media and its effect on others. The impact of written text is calculated with the help of the number of retweets done for the same tweet. The severity of the used word is calculated based on AFINN dictionary. According to the proposed algorithm, the score of the dictionary is recalculated when a negative word is forwarded multiple times. This is done with the understanding that if a less severe negative word is used many times, it may affect the person in a highly negative manner. With this, Severity of words is recalculated and its impact on people is found with the help of the proposed algorithm. The impact of using negative words on social media affect 32 % of the total users (in their friend-list). Behavior change is demonstrated with the help of graphs week-wise, month-wise and year-wise analyses. The research helps in finding the impact of swear words on social media users depending on the frequency and severity score of the words.
Design and Implementation of Rainfall Prediction Model using Supervised Machine Learning Data Mining Techniques
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and applications, MD University, Rohtak (Haryana), India., Sharma Deepak , Sharma Dr. Priti ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and applications, MD University, Rohtak (Haryana), India.
Published: January 2022

Data mining is a rapidly developing technology that has enriched a lot of field such as business analysis, market analysis, weather forecasting, stock market analysis and many more. It starts with collecting data sets from reliable sources and pre-processing that data. There are some anomalies associated with data collected in large volumes such as outliers, missing values, and duplicated values. Remove these kinds of anomalies is teamed as pre-processing of data. In this paper, collection of weather data and pre-processing it for rainfall prediction model using Rapid Miner tool has been discussed. Also, artificial neural network data mining techniques is used to design a rainfall prediction model. ANN classification techniques is a complex data mining technique results in high accuracy in prediction of rainfall.
Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., ifeuzu Ugwu Francis , Chukwuemeka Prof. Agunwamba Jonah ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Published: January 2022

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legislation that establishes regulations specifically for the treatment and discharge, enduse, or disposal of faecal sludge is therefore essential. Thus, faecal sludges sampled from ten (10) pit latrines were subjected to laboratory analyses with particular reference to selected parameters. From the study, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), moisture content, suspended solids (SS) and volatile solids (VS) showed decreasing trend throughout as the pit depth increased. Temperature presented double scenarios, increasing initially and decreasing afterwards with the highest values within 0.4m to 0.6m pit depth in all the pit latrines. Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There has been substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Despite important gaps in scientific knowledge and continued reasons for some skepticism, a comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health. Although much of this research has been motivated by environmental public health policy, these results have important scientific, medical, and public health implications that are broader than debates over legally mandated air quality standards.
The Impact of Innovation Strategy on the Financial, Social and Environmental Performance
Authors:   Financial Engineering department, Asrar institute of higher education, Mashhad, Iran., Saremi Hamid , Mahmoudi Masoud ,   Accounting department, Shandiz institute of higher education, Mashhad, Iran., Soltaninezhad Mojtaba ,   Accounting department, Asrar institute of higher education, Mashhad, Iran., Hosseinpourh Mohammad ,   Ph.d student Accounting department, Islamic Azad University, Qaenat, Iran.
Published: January 2022

The core purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation strategy on financial, social and environmental performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The information used is from 129 companies listed on TSE in different industries between 2011 and 2018 (1032 observations). In order to analyze the data, a multivariate regression test was used. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between innovation strategy on financial performance and environmental performance. Also, the relationship between innovation strategy and social performance has a positive but insignificant. Innovation tools are also among the few management tools that can have a positive impact on both financial performance and the company’s environmental performance. In this research, an attempt has been made to look at the idea of innovation from a financial point of view, and its results in the long run indicate the right choice of management to invest in the company’s research and development unit.
The Tunisian Economics’ Situations After the Revolution of Arab Spring 2011
Authors:   Finance and Development, Faculty of Law and Economics and Politics Sciences/University of Sousse, Erriadh City, Tunisia., Sabbagh Foued
Published: January 2022

The Tunisian economic facts after the so-called the Arab spring or social revolution have been marketed by numerous fluctuations and radical changes in the general situation of the management of the administrative affairs of the country. The most prominent of these facts, including the series of chaotic sit-ins and the political and security instability that has increased from 2011 to 2018, note in particular the emergence of the phenomenon of terrorism and assassinations. These negative results are too the expensive cost of the Tunisian national economy, which has been directed, affected by all vital sectors of the country’s economy, especially the tourism, trade and investment sectors. In addition, the increase in excessive wages during the first three years following the revolution and the increasing number of random sit-ins that led to the cessation of the production in the Gafsa phosphate mine and the failure to work for most of the public servants represented negative factors that led to a decline in productivity and an increase in the financial and trade deficit. Thus, the budget deficit and the accumulation of indebtedness represent the main obstacle to achieving social and economic stability.
A Study on Advertisement and Efficiency in Indian Advertisement Industries
Authors:   Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts Commerce and Science College Pimpri Pune (Maharashtra), India., Wadmare Siddhant Vasantrao
Published: January 2022

Advertising could be a powerful communication force and important selling tool serving to to sell goods, services, images, and ideas through channel of knowledge and persuasion. It is highly visible force within the society. All people receive several advertising messages daily. It is essential to the success of any sort of business and business. Non-business organization like government, school and universities, and Public Service teams employ a lot of and a lot of advertising ways. It’s one of the elements of the selling and communication method. Advertising win over folks to shop for merchandise. All advertising contains each info and persuasion. Nowadays we are able to say advertising could be a communication, marketing, public-relation, info and persuasion method. This study is to look at however a client connects with promotional techniques utilized by advertising business in India. The advertising business in India is dynamic at a really quick pace. The promotional techniques that square measure currently being employed by the businesses is that specialize in a social cause and mistreatment folk as their whole representatives instead of mistreatment celebrity faces. Television, typically known as “king” of the advertising media has been perpetually facing challenges from not solely the digital medium, however conjointly from the web ads and social networking sites .In alternative words we are able to say that it’s a complete psychological treatment of the buyer and a really artistic and exciting area also.
Optimal Control in Manufacturing Areas Increase the Productivity in the Aerospace Industry of Mexicali, Baja California, México
Authors:   Tronco Común, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios San Quintín, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico., Rodríguez Rogelio Lopez , Sánchez Juan Carlos Quiroz ,   Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico,, Ortiz Alicia Lopez ,   Coordinadora en Fisioterapia, Universidad Autonoma de Durango, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Hernández Juan Gabriel López ,   Departamento de Computación, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico., Bernal Olivia Yessenia Vargas ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.
Published: January 2022

The efficient control in the manufacturing control is very essential to increase the productivity and some specialized devices are made with and adequate functions. These devices are MEMS (Micro Electromechanical Systems), which are low-power microdevices widely used in the industrial processes of the Mexicali aerospace industry, which have the function of controlling the operation of industrial systems at any stage of manufacturing by evaluating the way to carry out their activities, comparing standardized values with data real and activate and deactivate high power actuator mechanisms such as fans, motors, electric pumps and other high power used in this installed industry. These microdevices have specific characteristics in their operation to obtain the best operational performance of industrial equipment and machines, at a low cost and partially operating according to the operating system reference values of industrial systems and generating a safe process in their operation. The industrial processes of the Mexicali aerospace industry require specialized knowledge because they manufacture components with very rigid operations because they are manufactured for aircraft with very rigorous regulations, due to the high security that air transport requires. MEMS have increased their use in the last ten years, where it has been applied to various industries due to the simple way of coupling with industrial systems, and this is why research was conducted to evaluate its use in a company in this city that they did not intend to use them and when observing that they increased their productive performance at one stage of their industrial processes, they chose to apply them in all their manufacturing areas. The investigation was from 2018 to 2019.
Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech, Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi college of Engineering, Warangal, 506005, Telangana, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Self-compacting Concrete is one of the new innovative types of concrete, and it is used widely in the construction of several industries. This type of concrete can be made by using different admixtures and their combinations. The main aim of the SCC is to improve the durability of the concrete structure and also improves the workability of the concrete structure. Nowadays construction of large structures, it isn’t easy to compact the reinforced concrete without voids. This can be overcome by using self-compacting concrete. This type of concrete does not require compaction. So, it is one of the significant advantages of the concrete structure and saves time and energy. This Review paper explains self-compacting concrete and its advantages and uses, and applications of SCC. This paper helps to an understanding about self-compacting concrete.
Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Soil Properties for Gel Based Roof Tiles
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India., Narayanan Anuja , K Ashok ,   UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India., B Prasanth ,   UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India., R Sukil Saravanan ,   UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: January 2022

Our current 21st century has seen more drastic changes in terms of environmental conditions due to global warming, climate change and deforestation. This has shown a great rise in the global temperature throughout the world. Normally, the roof top of a building is provided with tiles to protect the structural components and to create a comfortable environment. The tiles can be made of materials like clay, concrete, fly ash, lime etc. Due to the prevailing environmental challenges, there is a need for the tiles to be made as with more energy efficient material that supports thermal insulation and cost effectiveness. Aerogel and hydrogel are the gel based product that are used in our current work to enhance the thermal insulation property of the tiles. Various tests such as water absorption test, wet and dry cycle test, bending strength test, thermal conductivity test, wear and tear test are carried out on the tile to quantify its characteristics. All the above shows better value than the normal commercial tile product.
A Study on Strengthening of Concrete Structures
Authors:   Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, 506005, Telangana, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Concrete is the most commonly used building material due to its high strength, moldability, weather-resistant, and fire resistance, among other benefits. In recent years, there has been a growth in the usage of Micro Silica fume. Through the Ore sand Bridge building, records show that Micro Silica was used in the concrete. These fabrics are not only environmentally sustainable, but they also have technological advantages on both new and hardened mortar products. Both goods are agricultural by-products, but their usage decreases the amount of primary raw materials removed from the earth. Latent hydraulic content is micro silica fume and fly ash. It has intrinsic cementation effects, which must be activated. Combining the powder with Portland cement is a popular way to achieve these results. Pozzolana is the name given to pulverized fly ash. These materials may not have intrinsic cementation properties, but a cementation substance is created when mixed with a high alkaline material.
Transparent Concrete: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech Structural Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Transparent Concrete is a new type of Concrete used widely in the construction industry. It has good properties, and it gives a good appearance and architectural design. In this one of the more critical properties is light transmission. So, by using this application, Concrete is very famous. There are many advantages to using LTC, and compared to regular conventional Concrete, it has some special properties. The special property of lightning occurs due to the presence of optical fibers. This paper author mainly explains the importance and uses, and advantages of Transparent Concrete and explained the Materials used for LTC. This paper may help understand Transparent Concrete for everyone easily. It gives a quick review of the Transparent Concrete.
Full Battery and Hybrid Bus based Rapid Transit System as a Cost Effective Urban Transit Mode alternative to Metros in Tier II Tier III Indian Cities
Authors:   Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Ayanavaram, Chennai (Tamil Nadu) India., Kumar T Dilip
Published: January 2022

Intra-city travel is a significant part of urban life and a fully functional intra-city transit system will help in reducing the number of private vehicles on the road, thus reducing pollution and traffic congestions. A robust urban transit system helps in the physical expansion of city limits, making education, job, and medical facilities accessible to people living in city fringe areas. This will help in depopulating the Central Business District areas and optimization of real estate cost. Heavy Rail Based Metro Transit system has improved living conditions in Metropolitan cities. The High Capital Investment required for setting up a metro system necessitates the requirement of alternate Transit systems for Medium and smaller cities. This paper delves into this important area of suggesting an alternate urban transit model for Tier II and Tier III Indian cities. In this paper, modifications were suggested in the Metro Neo specification issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs [10], to make it more cost-effective (to construct and maintain), agile, and with scope to harness new technologies as they become commercially viable in the future. Elevated or dedicated Busways with Full Diesel Hybrid Buses comprising an Energy Storage system (Li-ion battery pack) and a diesel power pack are suggested as the rolling stock for the transit system. This suggested rolling stock will be not only cost effective but also environmentally friendly. In the future, the Diesel Power Packs in the buses can be replaced with Hydrogen Fuel Cells or additional batteries to enable full electric and non-fossil fuel operation. The need for further research in developing cost-optimized structures in the Construction of viaducts and bus stations is felt and details in these areas have been highlighted. The suggested system will have the flexibility of a Bus Rapid Transit system and shall have some advantages of a metro system. Even in big cities with a full-fledged Metro system, the suggested modified Metro Neo system can act as a feeder system from faraway places. The paper proposes essential features of a transit system that is robust in present and is future-ready.
Transferring of Limited Rights Model (TLRM) with the highest priority in the Theory of Development Plans
Authors: KOCALAR Aziz Cumhur
Published: January 2022

In this study, transferring of limited rights model (TLRM) is proposed as an innovative implementation instrument for development plans in which its coverage area with theoretical and practical approaches is a holistic structure in relation with different disciplines and so widely. The model can be used with protected areas easily or together with preventive steps in related to the emergency situations such as the natural disasters. This model is also kept its validation in cultural, historical, urban, archeological, social and natural assets, and also cost, forest, meadow, sheep, thicket, heath and national parks, at the same time protects quag, underground, surface water, dams, drainage or water basins besides disasters, forest fire, flood, avalanche, disasters at first or later. The proposed model can be utilized for the aim of public service, order and interest in the development planning studies and applications, in the urban conservation, renewal and regeneration, in the real estate's utilization of individual and corporate ownership, in the process of making laws, the regulations and the decisions since 1980, as a result of the planning qualified as a rule of transaction.
Ecological Status of Woody Elements in Wildlife Sanctuary Tirthan (GHNP-CA) Kullu Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Kaushal P. , Kumari Anita
Published: January 2022

Ecological status of the flora of Tirthan Wildlife Sanctuary was undertaken to evaluate the biodiversity of this area. During the vegetation survey of Wildlife Sanctuary Tirthan in the different altitudinal zone, 23 species of trees and 18 species of shrubs were recorded. In the various altitudinal zone, the altitude 2500-3000m shows highest concentration of dominance, highest species diversity and also shows the highest evenness. The altitude 2000-2500m shows the highest richness of the trees. The species Celtis tetrandra and Taxus baccata are the dominant species whereas the species Abies pindrow, Cornus macrophylla and Cedrus deodara are sparsely present in altitude from 1500 to 3000m.
Studies on Cone and Seed Maturity Indices of Chilgoza Pine (Pinus Gerardiana Wall.)
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Shamet G.S. , Gupta D.
Published: January 2022

To standardize maturity indices in Pinus gerardiana, the seeds were collected from three diameter classes at two week interval starting from 23rd August to 18th October (5 collection dates). Cones and seeds extracted during each collection were subjected to various physico-chemical and germination studies. For best maturity, the cones should be collected on 4th October when these are greyed-orange in colour and cone and seed moisture contents are 43.09% and 27.90%, respectively. At this stage, the seeds exhibited maximum germination (73.23%), germination energy (46.20%), germination value (3.11), and germination index (2.07) revealing highest total sugar content (96.27 mg/g).
New Records of Orchids from Saddle Peak National Park (North Andaman) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Authors: Sumathi R. , Kaliyamurthy Karthigeyan , Jayanthi J.
Published: January 2022

Acriopsis liliifolia (J. Koenig) Ormerod, Apostasia wallichii R. Br., Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk. and Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume, from North Andaman form new additions to the orchid flora of Andaman & Nicobar archipelago.
Pavetta Gleniei Hook. f. – An Addition to Rubiaceae of India from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Authors: Murugan C. , Singh Lal , Kumar V.
Published: January 2022

Pavetta gleniei Hook.f. is reported for the first time from the Nicobar Islands, India. A short description with line diagram, herbarium image and relevant notes is provided.
Nationwide CoViD-19 lockdown impact on air quality in India
Authors: NIVDANGE SANDIP , Jena Chinmay , Pawar Pooja
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the comparative results of surface and satellite measurements made during the Phase1 (25 March to 14 April), Phase2 (15 April to 3 May) and Phase3 (3 May to 17May) of Covid-19 imposed lockdown periods of 2020 and those of the same locations and periods during 2019 over India. These comparative analyses are performed for Indian states and Tier 1 megacities where economic activities have been severely affected with the nationwide lockdown. The focus is on changes in the surface concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), PM2.5 and PM10, Ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)  and retrieved columnar NO2 from TROPOMI and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS satellite. Surface concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 30.59%, 31.64%  and 37.06%, PM10 by 40.64%, 44.95% and 46.58%, SO2 by 16.73%, 12.13% and 6.71%, columnar NO2 by 46.34%, 45.82% and 39.58% and CO by 45.08%, 41.51% and 60.45% during lockdown periods of Phase1, Phase2 and Phase3 respectively as compared to those of 2019 periods over India. During 1st phase of lockdown, model simulated PM2.5 shows overestimations to those of observed PM2.5 mass concentrations. The model underestimates the PM2.5 to those of without reduction before lockdown and 1st phase of lockdown periods. The reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, CO and columnar NO2 are discussed with the surface transportation mobility maps during the study periods. Reduction in the emissions based on the observed reduction in the surface mobility data, the model showed excellent skills in capturing the observed PM2.5 concentrations. Nevertheless, during the 1st & 3rd phases of lockdown periods AOD reduced by 5 to 40%. Surface O3 was increased by 1.52% and 5.91% during 1st and 3rd Phases of lockdown periods respectively, while decreased by -8.29% during 2nd Phase of lockdown period.
Trend assessment in climate variable by Mann Kendall test of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh
Authors: KHAVSE RAJESH , CHAUDHARY J.L.
Published: January 2022

Climate change is a natural phenomenon but in present decades its variability of change mainly due to anthropogenic activities is alarming. Agriculture of Chhattisgarh state is mainly dependant on monsoon rain and its distribution. Considering this fact, the present study  has been tried to analyze the most important climatic variables,              viz., precipitation and temeperature for analyzing their trend in the area. The trends of maximum atmospheric temperature, rainfall and rainy days are analysed statistically for meteorological data of Jagdalpur station of Bastar district, over last three decades stretching between years 1980 to 2014. The long term change in temperature, rainfall and rainy days has been analysed by correlation and linear trend analysis. The annual MMAX temperature has decreased at a rate of -0.465 °C per year during this period at Jagdalpur station and decreasing trend for rainy days during monsoonal season (June to September) is also found and is confirmed by Mann-Kendall trend test. Very weak increasing trend is observed in total month rainfall (TMRF) during season June to September. There are decreasing trends of mean monthly rainfall and south west (June - September) rainfall observed in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The agricultural planning and utilization of water is dependent on monsoon rainfall and more than 75% of rainfall occurring during the monsoon season is uneven both in time and space. Therefore its analysis is important for crop planning.
Artificial neural network model for precipitation forecast over Western Himalaya using satellite images
Authors: JOSHI PIYUSH , SHEKHAR M.S. , KUMAR ASHAVANI , QUAMARA J.K.
Published: January 2022

Kalpana satellite images in real time available by India meteorological department (IMD), contain relevant inputs about the cloud in infra-red (IR), water vapor (WV), and visible (VIS) bands. In the present study an attempt has been made to forecast precipitation at six stations in western Himalaya by using extracted grey scale values of IR and WV images. The extracted pixel values at a location are trained for the corresponding precipitation at that location. The precipitation state at 0300 UTC is considered to train the model for precipitation forecast with 24 hour lead time. The satellite images acquired in IR (10.5 - 12.5 µm) and WV (5.7 - 7.1 µm) bands have been used for developing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for qualitative as well as quantitative precipitation forecast. The model results are validated with ground observations and skill scores are computed to check the potential of the model for operational purpose. The probability of detection at the six stations varies from 0.78 for Gulmarg in Pir-Panjal range to 0.95 for Dras in Greater Himalayan range. Overall performance for qualitative forecast is in the range from 61% to 84%. Root mean square error for different locations under study is in the range 5.81 to 8.7.
Variability of CPT and tropopause characteristics over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: DALABEEH FALAHAL
Published: January 2022

. The climatology of the cold-point tropopause (CPT) and tropopause characteristics in a subtropical area like The Arabian Peninsula is examined using the radiosonde data of the CPT characteristics and NCEP Reanalysis data of the tropopause characteristics. The monthly mean data for January and July are analyzed for three stations, namely Medina, Tabuk and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. The trends of CPT and tropopause characteristics of pressure, height, temperature, temperature anomalies, relative humidity, wind speed and potential temperature are also analyzed.  The trends of these characteristics show that they experienced a sharp change during the 1990s and a significant change for the period from 2000 to 2016. For the whole period of study, the month of July, CPT and tropopause pressure decreased for about 5 hPa, whereas the height increased for more than 100 m. The temperature experienced a sudden drop during the beginning of the 1990s and a smooth decrease during the following years in January. Furthermore, a strong correlation is found between the CPT temperature and the Solar Cycle during the ‘90s period then it decreased sharply after this period.