bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Walnut and Cashew Nut Sensitization in Preschool Children with Food Allergies in Japan
Authors: Ikezawa Sona , Sato Hironori , Imaizumi Takaaki , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Ito Arisa , Hayata Eri , Yamamoto Takeshi , Nakano Taiji , Arima Takayasu , Hamada Hiromichi
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
The incidence of tree nut allergies, including walnut and cashew nut allergies, has increased significantly globally. In Japan, these allergies rank third after egg and milk allergies and are associated with high rates of anaphylaxis. Jug r 1 and Ana o 3 are effective biomarkers for diagnosing walnut and cashew nut allergies. However, sensitization rates and risk factors among preschool children remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE sensitization, as well as their associated risk factors, in this population.
Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at four hospitals in Chiba Prefecture and included preschool children under 7 years diagnosed with food allergies and without prior tree nut consumption. Sensitization was defined as a specific IgE level of ≥0.35 IU/mL. Clinical data, including allergic conditions, were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for sensitization.
Results:
Among 248 children, Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE levels were measured in 198 and 215, respectively. Jug r 1 sensitization peaked at 34.0% in the 3–4-year group, while Ana o 3 sensitization peaked at 12.2% in the 5–6-year group. Cashew, peanut, and wheat allergies were identified as major risk factors for Jug r 1 sensitization, whereas peanut, walnut, and wheat allergies were associated with Ana o 3 sensitization.
Conclusion:
Jug r 1-sIgE and Ana o 3-sIgE sensitization are prevalent in high-risk preschool children in Japan. Early screening and personalized management strategies are essential for managing tree nut allergies.
Clinicopathological Factors Affecting Positive Margins after Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Comparative Study of Low- and High- Volume Hospitals.
Authors: Makineli Seher , Gernaat Sofie A.M. , Richir Milan C. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , Veenendaal Liesbeth M. , Moman Maaike R. , Ferdinandus Patrick I. , Vriens Menno R. , van Diest Paul J. , Maarse Wies , Witkamp Arjen J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Positive margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are an important risk factor for local tumor recurrence and the need for re-excision in women with breast cancer. It remains unclear which factors collectively influence positive margins after BCS and whether the outcomes vary among hospitals. This study investigated the occurrence and risk factors of positive margins after BCS in women with breast cancer in two Dutch hospitals.
Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from medical records of women who were diagnosed with newly invasive breast carcinoma or carcinoma in situ and underwent primary BCS between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 in two Dutch hospitals.
Results: A total of 423 cases (410 patients) were included, with a median age of 58 years (IQR 51-66). On average the positive margin rate after BCS was 8.0%, which was significantly higher in the low-volume hospital (14.9%) than in the high-volume hospital (5.9%). Invasive lobular carcinoma (OR= 4.97, CI= 1.91 – 12.94), postoperative tumor size (OR= 1.07, CI= 1.03 – 1.11), low hospital volume (OR= 3.90, CI= 1.58 – 9.66), and lumpectomy size (OR= 0.97, CI= 0.94 – 1.00) were significantly associated with positive margins after BCS.
Conclusion: Positive margin rate after BCS was low with 8.0% among all cases and varied significantly between the hospitals. Patient-, tumor-, radiological- and surgery-related factors may contribute to these variations. An optimized collaborative multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer care, particularly between radiologists and surgeons, should be strived to achieve improved oncological outcomes in women after BCS.
Idosos na publicidade: o que dizem os criativos?
Authors: Martins Bruno Antônio da Silva , Drigo Maria Ogécia
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo averiguar se conhecimentos sobre a velhice são agregados ao processo de criação em publicidade, quando esse processo envolve pessoas idosas na composição de peças publicitárias. Assim, apresentamos reflexões sobre a velhice e explicações referentes à constituição de uma amostra de interesse, com seis peças publicitárias envolvendo pessoas idosas, analisadas a partir do depoimentos de criativos dessas peças. Constatamos que, para as peças da amostra, os criativos não se envolveram com conhecimentos específicos sobre a velhice. O artigo é relevante por tentar sensibilizar os criativos quanto à valorização de conhecimentos relativos ao tema da campanha, o que pode gerar produtos originais com potencial para suscitar questionamentos sobre tópicos relevantes no contexto atual e amenizar ou abandonar crenças estereotipadas.
A telenovela Vai na Fé, a cultura da convergência e o epraiamento transmidiático
Authors: Fracchia Bruno , Perez Clotilde
Published: February 2025

Based on works by Svartman, Jenkins, Ford and Green this article proposes a reading and interpretation of the concepts of convergence and media expansion in the Brazilian telenovela Vai na Fé, focusing on the storyline of the character Wilma Campos (Renata Sorrah). Filled with metalinguistic elements, her plot gains strength through audience interaction, culminating in its dissemination across various screens. Our analysis confirmed the value of convergence and media expansion manifested in audiovisual production, reception, and circulation, validating the conceptual principles of Svartman, Jenkins, Ford, and Green that there is no passive spectator, and the transmedia potential of audiovisual content.
A faceta contista de Ruth Guimarães em Contos de cidadezinha
Authors: Farias Júlia Batista Bernardes
Published: February 2025

Resenha do livro Contos de cidadezinha, de Ruth Guimarães.
Entrevista com Luís Reis sobre a obra de Hermilo Borba Filho
Authors: Motta Lucas , Almeida Magno , Fernandes Ana Clara
Published: February 2025

Entrevista com o Professor da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Luís Augusto Pessoa da Veiga Reis, sobre a obra do romancista e diretor de teatro Hermilo Borba Filho.
Association of Kidney Function With Incident Heart Failure: An Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Cheng Richard K. , Roberts Mary B. , Bansal Nisha , Reding Kerryn , Salahuddin Taufiq , Mamas Mamas , LaMonte Michael , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Franceschini Nora , Klein Liviu , Manson JoAnn E. , Eaton Charles B.
Published: February 2025

Background

Studies have shown an association of chronic kidney disease with heart failure (HF); however, this association has not been adequately examined in postmenopausal women, who are at heightened risk of both chronic kidney disease and HF. Additionally, association with HF subtypes is not well characterized.

Methods and Results

Incident HF was defined as first hospitalization for acute decompensated HF, obtained by self‐reported outcomes followed by physician adjudication through review of hospital records. Chronic kidney disease was defined using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Restricted cubic splines tested the association of eGFR with incident overall HF, and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved EF (HFpEF). Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated the multivariable‐adjusted association of eGFR categories with incident HF and its subtypes. The primary analysis included 23 309 women with 11 814 eGFR ≥90, 10 191 eGFR between 60 and 89, 1048 eGFR between 45 and 59 and 256 eGFR <45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. For overall HF, HFrEF and HFpEF, there was a stepwise increase in risk for incident HF with declining eGFR category. Associations were stronger for HFpEF (hazard ratio [HR], 2.80 [95% CI, 2.36–3.32]) than for HFrEF (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.66–2.87]) for eGFR <45 as compared with eGFR ≥90. Heterogeneity of the HF subdistributions (HFpEF versus HFrEF) was significant (
P
=0.017).

Conclusions

Kidney dysfunction is associated with incident HF in postmenopausal women. Although lower eGFR is associated with both incident HFrEF and HFpEF, the association is stronger with HFpEF.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT00000611.
Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liu Mengjiao , Soon Elna Yihui , Lange Katherine , Juonala Markus , Kerr Jessica A. , Liu Richard , Dwyer Terence , Wake Melissa , Burgner David , Li Ling‐Jun
Published: February 2025

Background

The adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking are well established. We aimed to investigate the less well‐understood effects of pregnancy smoke exposure on offspring cardiovascular health in early adolescence.

Methods and Results

Data were drawn from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children's Child Health CheckPoint. Mothers reported mean daily cigarettes smoked in each trimester (≤10 versus >10/day), and smoking cessation during pregnancy. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima‐media thickness, and retinal microvascular parameters were measured in early adolescence (mean 11.5 years). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥120 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. 187 (11.8%) of 1582 women (mean age 30.7±0.2 years), smoked during pregnancy, of whom 143 (76.5%) smoked throughout pregnancy, and 58 (31.0%) smoked >10 cigarettes/day. Compared with those born to nonsmoking mothers, the odds of hypertension in early adolescence were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.01–2.06) if mothers ever smoked, 1.99 (1.22–3.24) if mothers smoked >10 cigarettes/day, and 1.64 (1.11–2.42) if mothers smoked throughout pregnancy There was limited evidence of associations between smoking throughout pregnancy and other cardiovascular measures. Offspring of mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy and nonsmokers had similar cardiovascular measures, apart from hypertension.

Conclusions

Offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy have increased risks of hypertension in adolescence, with increased risk with greater exposure intensity and duration. Mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy had offspring with similar cardiovascular health to those born to nonsmokers. Our findings underscore the importance of specific strategies to stop maternal smoking before conception and during pregnancy.
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Socioeconomic Position With Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results of the German National Cohort
Authors: Moreno Velásquez Ilais , Peters Sanne A. E. , Dragano Nico , Greiser Karin Halina , Dörr Marcus , Fischer Beate , Berger Klaus , Hannemann Anke , Schnabel Renate B. , Nauck Matthias , Göttlicher Susanne , Rospleszcz Susanne , Willich Stefan N. , Krist Lilian , Schulze Matthias B. , Günther Kathrin , Brand Tilman , Schikowski Tamara , Emmel Carina , Schmidt Börge , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kluttig Alexander , Harth Volker , Obi Nadia , Castell Stefanie , Klett‐Tammen Carolina J. , Lieb Wolfgang , Becher Heiko , Winkler Volker , Minnerup Heike , Karch André , Meinke‐Franze Claudia , Leitzmann Michael , Stein Michael J. , Bohn Barbara , Schöttker Ben , Trares Kira , Peters Annette , Pischon Tobias
Published: February 2025

Background

Using data from the largest German cohort study, we aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship of socioeconomic position (SEP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and estimated CVD risk.

Methods and Results

A total of 204 780 (50.5% women) participants from the baseline examination of the population‐based NAKO (German National Cohort) were included. Logistic, multinomial, and linear regression models were used to estimate sex‐specific odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients with 95% CIs of CVD, CVD risk factors, and very high‐risk score (Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation‐2) for CVD associated with SEP. Women‐to‐men ratios of ORs (RORs) with 95% CIs were estimated. In women compared with men, low versus high SEP (educational attainment and relative income) was more strongly associated with myocardial infarction, hypertension, obesity, overweight, elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and current alcohol consumption, but less strongly with current and former smoking. In women with the lowest versus highest educational level, the OR for a very high 10‐year CVD risk was 3.61 (95% CI, 2.88–4.53) compared with 1.72 (95% CI, 1.51–1.96) in men. The women‐to‐men ROR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.78–3.05). For the comparison of low versus high relative income, the odds of having a very high 10‐year CVD risk was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.04–3.18) in women and 2.25 (95% CI, 2.08–2.42) in men (women‐to‐men ROR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05–1.63]).

Conclusions

In women and men, there was an inverse relationship between indicators of SEP and the likelihood of having several CVD risk factors and a very high 10‐year CVD risk. This association was stronger in women, suggesting that CVD risk is more strongly influenced by SEP in women compared with men.
Slower Postencoding Stimulus Reaction Time Predicts Poorer Subsequent Source Memory and Increased Midline Cortical Activity
Authors: Largo Gabriela Vélez , Elshiekh Abdelhalim , Rajagopal Sricharana , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Rajah M. Natasha
Published: February 2025

Individuals vary widely in their ability to encode and retrieve past personal experiences in rich contextual detail (episodic memory). However, it remains unclear how within-subject variations in attention, measured on a trial-by-trial basis at encoding, and between-subject variation in attention and executive function abilities affect encoding-related brain activity and subsequent episodic retrieval. In the present study, 38 healthy young adults (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.4, 21 females) completed a task fMRI study in which they were instructed to encode colored photographs of everyday objects and their left/right spatial location. In addition, participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to a central fixation cross that expanded in size at a variable duration after each encoding trial. RTs to the fixation cross preceding and following the object were hypothesized to reflect attentional variations pre- and postencoding stimulus, respectively. A mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to predict source memory success from pre- and poststimulus RT. Slower poststimulus RT, but not prestimulus RT, predicted poorer subsequent source memory within-subject. In addition, between-subject variation in task-switching ability, self-reported cognitive failures, and self-reported attentional abilities affected the association between poststimulus RT and subsequent memory. In addition, trial-by-trial task fMRI analysis indicated that increased encoding activity within default mode network regions was associated with slower poststimulus RT and with subsequent source retrieval failures. These results shed light onto the cognitive and neural factors that contribute to within-subject and between-subject variations in source memory ability.
Internal State Estimation via Physiological Data and Their Modulation by Environmental Context during Social Activity
Authors: Yamashita Ayumu , Maeda Hiroki , Chew Jouh Yeong , Amano Kaoru
Published: February 2025

Understanding individuals' internal cognitive states during group interactions is crucial for enhancing group dynamics and communication. This study investigated internal states by analyzing physiological data—EEG, electrocardiography, and pupil size—collected from high school students during group discussions. Using a data-driven clustering method, we identified four distinct internal states, each corresponding to the different power distributions in the four frequency bands of EEG activity. These states were associated with specific behaviors such as gazing at faces, speaking, and specific body language, as well as physiological metrics such as heart rate variability and pupil size. We also examined the influence of environmental factors on internal states, including the presence of a facilitator and the group size. The presence of a facilitator significantly increased the probability of participants remaining in the high alpha-power state, possibly reflecting a relaxed or moderately aroused state. This study provides insights into the physiological underpinnings of group interactions, which can be leveraged to improve educational settings and other group-based activities.
Exploring Nation Branding in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: AlSarraf Maitham , AlMutairi Shihanah
Published: February 2025

This study extends the geographical scope and highlights specific regional insights that can enhance the broader understanding of nation branding practices in diverse socio-economic contexts. An analysis of more than 100 articles enhances the understanding of nation branding by categorizing the diverse narratives and critiques into four distinct emerging themes related to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): economic transformations, cultural heritage, global image, and future visions.
Peliosanthes purpureiflora (Asparagaceae), a new species from China
Authors: MENG KAI KAI , QU JUN RU , LI REN KUN , LU LI YAN , MENG TAO , WANG LI PING , FENG HUI ZHE
Published: February 2025

A new species, Peliosanthes purpureiflora, endemic to South China, has been described. The new species exhibits several distinguishing characters including the terete pedicel, perianth segments spreading in the same plane, the truncate-conical corona with a 6-subdentate distal margin, the smaller ovary with a noticeable gap between the corona, and a longer style, approximately 1.2 mm in length, with three wing-like projections.
9. Inclusive practices in fieldwork
Authors: Miesen Floreana , Gevers Marjolein
Published: February 2025

Fieldwork is essential in geosciences for data collection, model validation, as well as personal development. Yet, traditional fieldwork environments often perpetuate biases related to gender, identity, and societal roles while also exposing participants to physical and interpersonal hazards. This chapter reviews recent advances towards safer and more inclusive fieldwork practices. Key recommendations include transparent communication about physical requirements, providing suitable protective equipment, accommodating medical and privacy needs considering the diverse backgrounds and abilities of fieldworkers. Inclusive risk assessments, codes of conduct, and comprehensive training are key tools to emphasise team morale, clear communication, and conflict management, to ensure a supportive and equitable fieldwork experience for all.
27. Focus groups
Authors: Longhurst Robyn , Johnston Lynda
Published: February 2025

Focus groups are usually made up of 6 to 12 participants and are a useful method for gathering a wide range of opinions and experiences about a specified topic. Careful preparation including creating ahead of the discussion a list of themes or questions to ask helps keep the discussion focused. This method can be used as a stand-alone method or with a suite of other methods.
30. Hydraulic modelling
Authors: Lane Stuart
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic modelling draws from the basic physical equations that describe the conservation of mass and momentum to describe how water moves across rivers and floodplains. It is a routine component of flood and water resource management now delivered through standard pieces of software. There are key steps in a hydraulic modelling project that need to be followed to guarantee reliable results. Hydraulic modelling to predict flood inundation and sediment transport, as well as links between the two; to predict the availability of river habitat under different flow magnitudes; and to understand how pollution is dispersed in rivers and streams. Commonly overlooked, hydraulic modelling involves ethical issues as it is a form of surveillance science whose results can have major implications for the users of rivers and floodplains.
31. Hydrological modelling
Authors: Melsen Lieke
Published: February 2025

Numerical hydrological models can be useful tools to explore elements of the hydrological cycle. While there is a wide range of model types available, they are all inherently subject to uncertainty.
35. Participatory modelling
Authors: Landström Catharina
Published: February 2025

Participatory modelling is a type of environmental participation that emphasizes co-production of knowledge. Purposes range from empowering local communities to accessing data that cannot be collected by other means, to impacting environmental management. Procedures vary with lay participant involvement, their backgrounds, numbers and relationships to the processes modelled.
37. Q method
Authors: Nost Eric
Published: February 2025

Q is a survey-based method in which researchers employ quantitative and qualitative techniques to characterize the different ways of thinking about a topic that exist. It provides a “bottom-up” approach to classifying the social world, as the researcher must induce meaning out of participants’ choices about how to rank order survey statements. To aid in this, Q studies are typically paired with other methods such as interviews. There are several analytical challenges to be aware of in using Q method, including whether it alone can support claims about how prevalent a shared perspective is and whether it provides “unbiased” results.
41. Soil toxicological analysis
Authors: Engel-DiMauro Salvatore
Published: February 2025

Soil toxicological analysis entails evaluating the potential for adverse effects of organic and/or inorganic substances in soils relative to public health and/or to wider ecological concerns. The discussion includes an overview of analytical methods and interpretive criteria and their integration with socially critical frameworks and methodologies. Guidelines on the use of soil toxicological analysis and references for further studies are also provided.
Climate Change and the Feminization of Poverty in Africa: Insights from Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhembwe Smart
Published: February 2025

The study analyzed how climate change contributes to the feminization of poverty particularly for rural women in Zimbabwe given that their livelihoods are dependent on natural resources that are climate sensitive. The study adopted a qualitative content analysis as its research design. The study established that gendered norms and power inequalities leave especially rural women exposed and vulnerable to climate change, resulting in them being trapped in poverty as they experience severe food and water shortages in addition to being exposed to climate-induced diseases and gender-based violence. The study also noted that the effects of climate change have negative consequences on rural women’s earnings and incomes. The study concludes that the vulnerability of women to climate change is something that is gendered and socially constructed given that the degradation of the environment is largely an outcome of patriarchy.
Regulating Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: An Evaluation Through the Lens of the Old Institutional Economic Theory
Authors: Nwoke Uchechukwu
Published: February 2025

The current corporate social responsibility (CSR) framework in Nigeria, influenced by Anglo-American neoliberal theory, is criticized for not considering local communities’ specific needs and prioritizing profits over community well-being. It is argued that the relationship between business and government in developing countries is unique and requires a different approach to CSR. Integrating local informal institutions, such as culture, values, and religion, is proposed to implement CSR practices in Nigeria. This approach, informed by old institutional economic theories, aims to give local institutions a more significant role in establishing effective CSR practices and promoting sustainable development in developing economies like Nigeria.
Social Participation and Life Satisfaction Among Rural Older Adults in China: The Mediating Roles of Social Networks and Loneliness
Authors: Cheng Xin , Wang Ping
Published: February 2025

Research has shown that social participation is related to life satisfaction. However, there is no study that simultaneously examines the mediating role of social networks and loneliness in this association. This study uses data from the Well-being of Older Adults in Anhui Province (2021, n = 1534). Parallel mediation analysis was employed to examine whether social networks and loneliness mediate the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. Social participation had a positive effect on life satisfaction among rural older adults (β = 0.155, p < .001). Parallel mediation analysis showed that both social networks and loneliness independently mediated the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction (β = 0.011, 95%CI = [0.002, 0.022]; β = 0.032, 95%CI = [0.002, 0.060]), with the proportions of the total effect mediated being 5.56% and 16.16%, respectively. Diversified channels for social participation should be recommended to enhance the engagement of rural older adults, expand their social networks, and alleviate loneliness, ultimately improving their quality of life.
Introduction to Special Issue: Living With Dementia Among Latinos
Authors: Angel Jacqueline L.
Published: February 2025

Dementia presents many challenges for nations and certainly for low-income families and particularly for U.S. Latinos. The articles in this special issue highlight important research findings addressing social, economic, and physical disparities in dementia, epidemiology, measurement, and care for older adults and their caregivers. They address relevant questions that complement current work undertaken by the 2023 National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners/Caregivers, as well as research presented at the 16th conference on “Aging in the Americas” held at the University of Southern California in 2023. Importantly, the 2024 ICAA meeting elucidates five new iterations of the National Institute on Aging fifth renewal application. Importantly, the 2024 ICAA meeting elucidates five new iterations of the National Institute on Aging fifth competing renewal application submission, which we envision will foster the development of the next generation of emerging scholars and early career investigators in the field.
Elevated Odds of Dating Violence Among U.S. Youth with Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Conditions: Estimates from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rothman Emily F. , Cusano Julia , Graham Holmes Laura , Taylor Bruce G. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Mumford Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2025

Youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions may be at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration as compared to counterparts without these conditions. To investigate this possibility, we conducted an analysis using U.S. nationally representative data collected from youth ages 11 to 21 years old ( N = 846). We calculated the prevalence of any dating abuse victimization or perpetration, as well as four specific subtypes of dating abuse—physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse—for youth with eight types of mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], oppositional defiant or other conduct disorder, bipolar disorder [BD], attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism, or learning disability). Nearly one-half (43%) of the sample reported that they had one or more of the eight mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions ( n = 337), 75% of those reported experiencing at least one act of dating abuse victimization in the past year, and 62% reported one or more acts of dating abuse perpetration. Ordinal regression model analyses demonstrated that youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions had substantially elevated odds of more frequent physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse victimization (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.2 to 7.4) and dating abuse perpetration (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.0 to 6.9) controlling for gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, age, and household income. Compared to youth with no mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, youth with BD were particularly likely to report more frequent experiences of all types of dating abuse victimization. Also, sexual dating abuse perpetration was elevated among youth with anxiety, depression, PTSD, BD, and ADHD. Funders are called upon to invest strategically in the development and rigorous testing of healthy relationships promotion programs and strategies that will benefit the millions of youth in U.S. schools who have these conditions.
The specification of the conceptual domain of information need
Authors: Afzal Waseem
Published: February 2025

Research on information need has a long-standing tradition. Within this body of research, certain lines of inquiry have been more predominant; for example, research on how information need is satisfied and the role of information need in everyday life. Undeniably, these lines of inquiry are of immense value; however, other avenues concerning information need deserve even more attention to ensure theoretical developments in the field of information behavior. These aspects include domain specification of the concept of information need, its operationalization and empirical validation. This study attempts to specify the conceptual domain of information need and articulates this domain through five aspects. These aspects shed light on the antecedents and consequents of information need, its descriptions, its role in life, and the relationship of information need with other needs. The proposed articulation should help in better theorization and operationalization of information need in empirical studies.
Generalized framework for identifying meaningful heterogenous treatment effects in observational studies: A parametric data-adaptive G-computation approach
Authors: Nianogo Roch A. , O’Neill Stephen , Inoue Kosuke
Published: February 2025

There has been a renewed interest in identifying heterogenous treatment effects (HTEs) to guide personalized medicine. The objective was to illustrate the use of a step-by-step transparent parametric data-adaptive approach (the generalized HTE approach) based on the G-computation algorithm to detect heterogenous subgroups and estimate meaningful conditional average treatment effects (CATE). The following seven steps implement the generalized HTE approach: Step 1: Select variables that satisfy the backdoor criterion and potential effect modifiers; Step 2: Specify a flexible saturated model including potential confounders and effect modifiers; Step 3: Apply a selection method to reduce overfitting; Step 4: Predict potential outcomes under treatment and no treatment; Step 5: Contrast the potential outcomes for each individual; Step 6: Fit cluster modeling to identify potential effect modifiers; Step 7: Estimate subgroup CATEs. We illustrated the use of this approach using simulated and real data. Our generalized HTE approach successfully identified HTEs and subgroups defined by all effect modifiers using simulated and real data. Our study illustrates that it is feasible to use a step-by-step parametric and transparent data-adaptive approach to detect effect modifiers and identify meaningful HTEs in an observational setting. This approach should be more appealing to epidemiologists interested in explanation.
Correlation of Pancreatic Laminin Alpha 5 Expression With Clinical Outcomes in Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Kuncha Jayachandra , Darden Carly M. , Liu Yang , Lawrence Michael , Sebastian Danobeitia J. , Naziruddin Bashoo
Published: February 2025

This study examines extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (ECM) expression in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients and its correlation with graft function after total pancreatectomy with islet autologous transplantation (TPIAT). Pancreatic sections from 29 CP patients undergoing TPIAT were analyzed for ECM including pan-laminin, laminin alpha 5 (LAMA5), collagen IV, and Perlecan by immunohistochemistry and scored by the percentage positive staining area within the whole tissue area. Graft function was monitored by blood glucose and C-peptide levels. Laminin alpha 5 levels in blood plasma were greater in CP. Laminin alpha 5 expression was significantly higher in all CP patient etiological categories including alcoholic, hereditary, idiopathic, Oddi dysfunction, and pancreatic divisum compared to healthy controls. The overall expression of LAMA5 positively correlated with expression of the ECM proteins pan-laminin ( R = 0.63, P < 0.001), collagen IV ( R = 0.67, P < 0.001), and Perlecan ( R = 0.71, P < 0.001). Increased LAMA5 expression was observed within islet endothelial vascular tissue and the peri-islet basal membrane. Increased LAMA5 expression in the pancreas correlated with poor islet isolation yield and posttransplant islet function after 3 months. Increased endothelial expression of LAMA5 and ECM proteins is indicative of progressive damage to the pancreas and correlates with poor graft function after TPIAT.
Percent of Medicare Enrollees Who Use Home-Based Health Care and Number of Visits Among Respondents to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey by Plan Option
Authors: Videon Tami M. , Rosati Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Using beneficiary reports of health care utilization from the 2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Cost Supplement, we compare the prevalence of home-based care and number of visits among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older, by plan option, excluding dual-eligible beneficiaries. Traditional Medicare (TM) beneficiaries were significantly more likely to receive home-based medical visits (10.4% vs. 8.0%) with greater differences observed in vulnerable subgroups. While average number of visits were comparable for TM (35.6) and Medicare Advantage (MA) (34.9) beneficiaries, the distribution of the number of visits varied by plan option. Compared with TM beneficiaries, MA beneficiaries were 4.5 times more likely to receive a single home-based medical visit (17.5% vs. 3.9%) and roughly 1.5 times more likely to have the fewest (two to four visits; 12.2% vs. 8.0%) and greatest number of home visits (90+ visits; 11.1% vs. 7.7%). Access to, and number of, home-based medical care differs significantly by plan option.
Research and application of the algorithm editing method for improving active noise control performance
Authors: Song Haisheng , Dong Yahui , Yang Na , Chen Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

In the field of active noise control systems, combining multiple algorithms to improve equalization performance has generated notable interest. Nevertheless, the computation of threshold control parameters for algorithm switching during each iteration leads to a significant increase in computational complexity. Additionally, the frequent switching of algorithms poses challenges in fully leveraging the performance of individual algorithms. Therefore, this paper utilizes the film editing concept to introduce the Algorithm Editing Method (AEM). AEM entails selecting appropriate algorithms based on distinctive iteration stages, followed by precise cutting and splicing according to the defined switching coefficient. Appropriate algorithms are implemented at specific iteration stages, eliminating the requirement for frequent algorithm switching during the iterative process. To substantiate the effectiveness of this approach, the FxLMS and Momentum-FxLMS algorithms serve as foundational components of AEM, enhancing convergence performance in an active noise control system. The results show a noteworthy enhancement in convergence speed and reduction of steady-state error, attained without a simultaneous escalation in computational complexity. Additionally, this study extends the application of AEM to improve the system’s robustness against impulse signals. The simulations and tests results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness, achieving a balance of optimized convergence speed, reduction in steady-state error, and minimized computational complexity.
Alternating mechanics of fracturing and two-interface failure characteristics in Changqing tight gas horizontal wells
Authors: Oyang Yong , Wang Tingting , Hui Cheng , Jiang Jun , Zhao Wanchun , Du Xuetong , Guan Zihao
Published: February 2025

The cementing interface quality in tight reservoir horizontal wells significantly influences fracturing design and effectiveness. Weak cementation strength at the second interface often leads to cracking and interlayer fluid flow during fracturing, hindering efficient oil and gas extraction. Studying the pressure-bearing capacity and failure extension of the second interface during fracturing is critical for optimizing reservoir development. In this paper, considering the fracturing characteristics of horizontal wells in Changqing tight reservoir, the casing-cement ring-formation is regarded as a unified cemented body, and a stress mechanics model of cemented interface is established by considering the alternating stress during fracturing loading and unloading process, and the mechanical change rule of the cemented interface of the cemented body is calculated and analysed. This study, based on actual data from a single well in the Changqing tight gas reservoir, quantified the effects of various construction parameters on interface contact pressure and failure length. The results indicate that the contact pressure of the first and second interfaces gradually decreases with an increasing number of alternating load cycles, with the changes in the second interface being more pronounced. Under loading pressure, the contact pressure of the second interface decreased by an average of 1.57%. The failure length of the interface is significantly correlated with the differences in properties between the formation and the cement sheath; higher elastic modulus results in shorter failure lengths. Higher in situ stress exerts a suppressive effect on interface failure, while reducing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid significantly increases the failure length of the interface. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing fracturing construction parameters and boundary condition selection for horizontal wells in the Changqing tight gas reservoir.
Revolutionizing education: Harnessing data mining for enhanced resource repository in fundamental training programs
Authors: Wu Xiaozhou
Published: February 2025

As information technology and data mining techniques evolve at a breakneck pace, they bring transformative potential to the educational landscape. The burgeoning growth of online educational resources not only enriches learning but also introduces complexities in resource management and personalization. This study pioneers the construction of a Fundamental Training Educational Resource Repository (FTERR) by harnessing sophisticated data mining approaches. We initiate by intricately mapping students’ learning needs through knowledge graph and semantic analysis, ensuring a deep alignment with individual educational journeys. Subsequently, we address the hurdles in resource management by introducing an innovative data storage model. This model, in synergy with advanced clustering algorithms, streamlines the retrieval process, rendering it both swift and intuitive. Our research transcends traditional data mining applications in education, steering towards a more informed and responsive educational ecosystem. This novel approach not only elevates the precision and efficiency of educational resource allocation but also significantly enriches the student learning experience, marking a leap forward in educational informatization. The main purpose of this study is to address the issue of insufficient personalized learning needs in online educational resources by introducing advanced data mining technologies, including knowledge graphs and semantic analysis. The study develops new data storage models and utilizes clustering algorithms to achieve rapid and visual retrieval of educational resources, thereby enhancing the utilization efficiency of educational resources and improving students’ learning experiences. The methods and findings of this study can provide references for data mining applications in other fields and promote the application and development of data science in a broader range of fields.
The Intersection of Health and Planet: Why Food Choices Matter
Authors: Robbins Ocean
Published: February 2025

Objective: To explore the interconnected crises of chronic disease, environmental degradation, and social inequity through the lens of food systems and to highlight the potential of plant-based dietary patterns to mitigate these challenges. Main Outcomes and Measures: Evidence demonstrates that plant-based diets reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes, alleviate environmental harm by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water usage, and promote health equity by increasing access to affordable, nutritious foods. Quantitative outcomes include projected savings of trillions of dollars in health care and climate-related costs and the prevention of millions of premature deaths globally. Results: Transitioning to plant-forward food systems has been associated with a reduction in chronic disease risk by up to 90%, a significant decrease in health care expenditures, and a 75% reduction in agricultural land use. Key interventions, such as produce prescriptions and plant-based meal programs, demonstrate the effectiveness of systemic solutions in improving health outcomes while addressing structural inequities. Conclusion: Aligning individual and collective efforts toward sustainable, health-focused food systems presents a transformative opportunity to improve global health, conserve natural resources, and foster social equity. By adopting plant-based diets and supporting equitable food policies, individuals, health care professionals, and policymakers can collaboratively create a more resilient, sustainable, and just future for generations to come.
The Convenient Villain and the Stereotypical Victim: How Demand and Vulnerability Help Construct Anti-Policies in Trafficking and Smuggling
Authors: Rossoni Isotta , de Massol de Rebetz Roxane
Published: February 2025

Executive summary

In 2022, the European Commission (EC) issued a proposal for the revision of the 2011 Anti-Trafficking Directive. At the heart of the revision is a desire to strengthen “end-demand” solutions to trafficking, which are gaining increased traction at the EU level. Notions of demand fuel specific constructions of culpability, which in turn are bolstered by and feed on representations of vulnerability/victimhood. This paper draws on the anti-policy framework to make sense of these developments in the EU human trafficking and smuggling policy fields. Relying on a qualitative methodology combining a deductive/inductive approach, it develops a comparative analysis of dominant constructions of culprits and (potential) victims linked to demand and vulnerability, present in trafficking and smuggling, two fields which are strongly interlinked in EU policy. The article demonstrates that whether accentuated as in trafficking, or minimized like in smuggling, in both policy fields, prevailing representations of culpability and vulnerability/victimhood provide the fodder for policy solutions rooted in “anti” logics. This leads to policy outcomes centered on stronger criminal justice systems, law enforcement and judicial cooperation, at the expense of more protection and rights-focused options.

Whilst we are by no means contending that “vulnerability” or “demand” should be altogether dismissed as analytical concepts, we are exhorting policy-makers to engage in critical reflection on their use, which at present are employed erratically and inconsistently. Based on the findings, the paper develops concrete policy recommendations.
What do patients with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas and stakeholders want from a peer support program? A qualitative study
Authors: Hemming L. , Duijts S. F. A. , Cockburn C. , Wilson C. , Yuen E. Y. N. , Spelten E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with a rare cancer in rural, regional, and remote Australia experience heightened challenges in their illness journey, including significant psychosocial impacts. Although peer support has shown benefits for common cancer patients living in urban areas, these programs often do not reach underserved groups for instance those with a rare cancer, or those living in rural, regional or remote areas. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of peer support programs for patients with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas.

Methods

Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 39 people with a rare cancer and 10 healthcare providers to explore key points for inclusion in a peer support service for people diagnosed with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically, using Nvivo.

Results

Participants described their peer support needs using the key terms who, what, how, where, and when. Participants advocated for a flexible, multicomponent intervention that could meet the varied and fluctuating needs of this group. Participants also noted challenges with the practical delivery of such a service, specifically, the risk of receiving misinformation, adverse emotional reactions, interpersonal challenges and implementation issues.

Conclusions

This study highlights the role of peer support in addressing unmet needs of patients with a rare cancer, particularly in rural areas, emphasising the importance of tailored, flexible, and multimodal interventions for the delivery of peer support that addresses diverse needs.
Effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages in the state of Qatar
Authors: AlAshwal Shadi M , Rabiu Muhammad , McCormick Ian , AlQahtani Omar , AlAbdulla Samya , Algadi Halla , Kokku Suresh , Al-Thani Mohammed Hamad
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the progress in Qatar’s eye care since 2009, focusing on effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages, leading to enhanced eye health strategies and action plans.

Methods

A modified Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey was employed using multi-stage sampling in all persons 50 years and older in Qatar. The study focused on uncorrected refractive errors, cataract surgery coverage and effectiveness, and visual acuity assessment.

Results

There were 339 individuals out of 3,206 examined participants who underwent cataract surgery, out of which 66.1% of 559 operated eyes obtained good post-operative outcomes (presenting visual acuity ≥ 6/12). Age -sex - adjusted eCSC for a cataract surgical threshold < 6/12 was 61.2% (95%CI 54.9–67.4). A poor post-operative outcome (presenting visual acuity < 6/60) was observed in 9.3% of all operated eyes, lower than the 14.9% reported in 2009. Cataract surgical coverage at the 6/18 threshold showed good coverage (94%) improving since 2009 (87%). Effective refractive coverage (eREC) was 74.3% (95%CI 70.9–77.7). Effective coverage of both services was lower among Qatari women compared to other population groups.

Conclusion

Qatar’s CSC improved since the 2009 RAAB, but there are disparities in effective coverage based on gender and nationality. WHO set a global target to achieve a 30%-point increase in eCSC and a 40%-point increase in eREC by 2030; accordingly, Qatar’s targets should be 91.2% and 100% retrospectively by 2030. To meet these targets, efforts are needed to improve the quality of cataract surgery and access to refractive correction.