bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From little girls to adult women: Changes in age at marriage in Scheduled Castes from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna , Brabec Marek , Gautam Rajesh K. , Jhariya Jyoti , Kumar Arun
Published: February 2023

Background

Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers’ and children’s health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well-being of a mother and her offspring, especially in groups represented by extremely disadvantaged social strata in India. The results of such studies may influence the future family planning policy in the country.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the trend of age at marriage among the Scheduled Castes (SCs) women from two Indian states: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh relative to the level of education and also to socioeconomic changes in the states. These states manifest the highest proportion of girls getting married below the age of 18 years–far above the proportion observed in entire India.

Methods

Women from Scheduled Caste, N = 1,612, aged 25–65, born in 1950–1990 were investigated. A modern semiparametric regression approach was used. To capture the relationship between age at marriage and year of birth, categories of women’s level of education (illiterate; primary: 1st–5th standards; middle school: 6th–8th standards; high school: 9th–10th standards; higher secondary: 11th–12th standards), and categories of the profession (women working in the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector), flexible framework of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied.

Results

A significant impact of the cohort defined by the year of birth (<0.001), and women’s education (<0.001) on age at marriage was noted, while the influence of women’s occupation was not significant (p = 0.642). Mean age at marriage differed significantly with different education level. Women who graduated from primary school married 0.631 years later on average than illiterate ones, while those who graduated from middle schools, high schools (9th–10th standards) and higher secondary schools married significantly later than illiterate ones by 1.454 years and 2.463 years, respectively. Age at marriage increased over time: from slightly above 15 years in the cohort of illiterate women born in 1950 to almost 19 years in quite well-educated women born in 1990. The average age at marriage estimated for four education levels in 1990 ranged between 16.39 years (95%CI: 15.29–17.50) in the group of illiterate women and 18.86 years (95%CI: 17.76–19.95) in women graduated from high and higher secondary schools.

Conclusion

The rise of age at marriage can be partly explained by the increase of females enrolled in schools, the alleviation of poverty, and the implementation of social programs for women.
Impact of preschool attendance, parental stress, and parental mental health on internalizing and externalizing problems during COVID-19 lockdown measures in preschool children
Authors: Jarvers Irina , Ecker Angelika , Schleicher Daniel , Brunner Romuald , Kandsperger Stephanie
Published: February 2023

Background

Internalizing problems are common in young children, often persist into adulthood, and increase the likelihood for subsequent psychiatric disorders. Problematic attachment, parental mental health problems, and stress are risk factors for the development of internalizing problems. COVID-19 lockdown measures have resulted in additional parental burden and especially their impact on preschool children has rarely been investigated as of now. The current study examined the impact of sustained preschool attendance, parental stress, and parental mental health on internalizing and externalizing problems during COVID-19 lockdown measures in a sample of preschool children in Germany.

Methods and findings

N= 128 parents of preschool children filled out a one-time online survey about children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and attachment for three time points: before a nation-wide lockdown (T1), during the most difficult time of the lockdown (T2) and after the lockdown (T3). Additionally, parents answered questions about their own depressive and anxious symptomatology for the three time points and parental stress for T1 and T2. Linear-mixed effect models were computed to predict children’s internalizing / externalizing behavior. Preschool children showed a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems over time, highest at T2 with small decreases at T3. Parental depressive and anxious symptomatology increased significantly from T1 to T2, but also remained high at T3. Parental stress levels were comparable to community samples at T1, but attained average values reported for at-risk families at T2. Linear-mixed effect models identified higher parental stress, parental anxiety, attachment problems, parental education, and less preschool attendance as significant predictors for internalizing and externalizing problems in preschoolers with more specific associations shown in separate models. A limitation is the retrospective assessment for the times T1 and T2.

Conclusions

Preschool children’s mental health is strongly and negatively influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown measures. Sustained preschool attendance may serve as a protective factor.
Operational analysis for COVID-19 testing: Determining the risk from asymptomatic infections
Authors: Mangel Marc
Published: February 2023

Testing remains a key tool for managing health care and making health policy during the coronavirus pandemic, and it will probably be important in future pandemics. Because of false negative and false positive tests, the observed fraction of positive tests—the surface positivity—is generally different from the fraction of infected individuals (the incidence rate of the disease). In this paper a previous method for translating surface positivity to a point estimate for incidence rate, then to an appropriate range of values for the incidence rate consistent with the model and data (the test range), and finally to the risk (the probability of including one infected individual) associated with groups of different sizes is illustrated. The method is then extended to include asymptomatic infections. To do so, the process of testing is modeled using both analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Doing so shows that it is possible to determine point estimates for the fraction of infected and symptomatic individuals, the fraction of uninfected and symptomatic individuals, and the ratio of infected asymptomatic individuals to infected symptomatic individuals. Inclusion of symptom status generalizes the test range from an interval to a region in the plane determined by the incidence rate and the ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic infections; likelihood methods can be used to determine the contour of the rest region. Points on this contour can be used to compute the risk (defined as the probability of including one asymptomatic infected individual) in groups of different sizes. These results have operational implications that include: positivity rate is not incidence rate; symptom status at testing can provide valuable information about asymptomatic infections; collecting information on time since putative virus exposure at testing is valuable for determining point estimates and test ranges; risk is a graded (rather than binary) function of group size; and because the information provided by testing becomes more accurate with more tests but at a decreasing rate, it is possible to over-test fixed spatial regions. The paper concludes with limitations of the method and directions for future work.
Comparison of the efficacy of second and third generation lentiviral vector transduced CAR CD19 T cells for use in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia both in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Sawaisorn Piamsiri , Atjanasuppat Korakot , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Rattananon Parin , Treesuppharat Worapapar , Hongeng Suradej , Anurathapan Usanarat
Published: February 2023

T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specifically binding to a CD19 antigen has become the frontline of hematological malignancies immunotherapy. Their remarkable antitumor effect has exerted complete remission in treating B-cell malignancies. Although successful patient treatment has been shown, improvement to the structure of CAR to enhance its safety and efficacy profile is warranted. Transduction with a lentiviral vector (LVV) leading to the expression of CARs is also a critical step in redirecting T cells to target specific tumor antigens. To improve the efficacy of CD19 CARs in this study, the transduction ability of second and third generations LVV were compared. Ex vivo expansion of CD19 CARs T cells from healthy donors’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed after transduction of T cells with second and third generations LVV. Transduction efficacy of transduced T cells was determined to show a higher percentage in the third generations LVV transduced cells, with no changes in viability and identity of cells characterized by immunophenotyping. Testing the cytotoxic capacity of third generations LVV-transduced T cells against target cells showed higher reactivity against control cells. Cytokine expression was detected on the CD19 CARs T cells, suggesting that these cells limit in vitro growth of B-cell leukemia via secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN γ. To investigate whether the third generation LVV transduced T cells can limit CD19 lymphoma growth in vivo, an analysis of tumor burden in a mouse model assessed by bioluminescence imaging was performed. We found that, in the presence of CD19 CARs T cells, the level of tumor burden was markedly reduced. In addition, an increase in the length of survival in mice receiving CAR-CD19 T cells was also observed. This suggests that transduction with third generations LVV generate a functional CAR-CD19 T cells, which may provide a safer and effective therapy for B-cell malignancies.
The role of the arts in enhancing data literacy: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hannigan Ailish , Garry Fran , Byrne Conor , Phelan Helen
Published: February 2023

Data literacy has been defined as “the ability to read, work with, analyze and argue with data”. The United Nations has highlighted a growing risk of inequality for people excluded from the new world of data by lack of education, language, poverty, and discrimination and has called for the development of data literacy at all levels of society. Responses to data are shaped by personal, social and cultural influences, as well as by trust in the source. The arts can play an important role in regulating our responses to information and increasing accessibility, engagement and sense-making of data. However, to our knowledge, to date, there has been no comprehensive review of publications on the role of the arts in the context of data literacy. This paper presents a protocol and a methodological framework to perform a scoping review to identify and map the available evidence for the role of the arts in enhancing data literacy. The review aims to provide an overview of research over the past twenty years to develop a clearer understanding of (a) which art forms are represented in the literature (b) which population groups and settings are identified (c) and the rationale for using the arts to enhance data literacy.
Good conduct makes your face attractive: The effect of personality perception on facial attractiveness judgments
Authors: Niimi Ryosuke , Goto Mami
Published: February 2023

Human facial attractiveness is related to physical features, such as clear complexion and symmetry. However, it is also known that facial attractiveness judgments are influenced by a wide range of non-physical factors. Here, we examined the effect of the personality information of a target person on facial attractiveness judgments. In Experiment 1, participants read a verbal description of a target person (high or low honesty), followed by the presentation of the target face and facial attractiveness rating. The honest personality increased the rated facial attractiveness, replicating a previous report. This “honesty premium” effect was independent of pre-rated facial attractiveness (Experiment 1), target gender, participant gender, and target clothing (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 found that creative personality did not affect facial attractiveness ratings, while an aggressive personality was suggested to decrease the rated facial attractiveness of male targets. We did not find evidence that participants’ moods caused these effects. The results suggest that the “what is good is beautiful” stereotype is robust and that facial attractiveness is malleable and dependent on various physical and non-physical information.
Reporting Down syndrome on the death certificate for Alzheimer disease/unspecified dementia deaths
Authors: Landes Scott D. , Finan Julia M. , Turk Margaret A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Death certificates are crucial for understanding population health trends including the burden of disease mortality. Accurate reporting of causes of death on these records is necessary in order to implement adequate public health policies and fund disease research. While there is evidence that Alzheimer disease and unspecified dementia are prevalent among people with Down syndrome, a 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) rule change instructing that Down syndrome should be reported as the underlying cause of death in instances when death occurred from Alzheimer disease or unspecified dementia threatens the accuracy and the utility of death certificates for this population.

Methods

This study used 15 years (2005–2019) of US death certificate data for adults with and without Down syndrome. We compare the mortality burden due to Alzheimer disease and unspecified dementia prior to and after amending death certificates that report Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death.

Results

When analyzing death certificates without addressing the reporting of Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death, rates of death due to Alzheimer disease and dementia ranked as the third leading cause of death for both adults with and without Down syndrome. After amending death certificates that reported Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death, Alzheimer disease and dementia were the leading cause of death among those with Down syndrome, occurring 2.7 times more in adults with compared to without Down syndrome.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of accurate mortality data for studying and addressing population health trends. The current practice of reporting Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death rather than the disease responsible for death needs to be reconsidered and modified. If not, people with Down syndrome may be further marginalized within dementia related support and research.
PbAP2-FG2 and PbAP2R-2 function together as a transcriptional repressor complex essential for Plasmodium female development
Authors: Nishi Tsubasa , Kaneko Izumi , Iwanaga Shiroh , Yuda Masao
Published: February 2023

Gametocyte development is a critical step in the life cycle of Plasmodium. Despite the number of studies on gametocyte development that have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain to be fully understood. This study investigates the functional roles of two female-specific transcriptional regulators, PbAP2-FG2 and PbAP2R-2, in P. berghei. Knockout of pbap2-fg2 or pbap2r-2 impairs female gametocyte development, resulting in developmental arrest during ookinete development. ChIP-seq analyses of these two factors indicated their colocalization on the genome, suggesting that they function as a complex. These analyses also revealed that their target genes contained a variety of genes, including both male and female-enriched genes. Moreover, differential expression analyses showed that these target genes were upregulated through the disruption of pbap2-fg2 or pbap2r-2, indicating that these two factors function as a transcriptional repressor complex in female gametocytes. Formation of a complex between PbAP2-FG2 and PbAP2R-2 was confirmed by RIME, a method that combines ChIP and MS analysis. In addition, the analysis identified a chromatin regulator PbMORC as an interaction partner of PbAP2-FG2. Comparative target analysis between PbAP2-FG2 and PbAP2-G demonstrated a significant overlap between their target genes, suggesting that repression of early gametocyte genes activated by PbAP2-G is one of the key roles for this female transcriptional repressor complex. Our results indicate that the PbAP2-FG2-PbAP2R-2 complex-mediated repression of the target genes supports the female differentiation from early gametocytes.
The Aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix controls arbovirus vector competence through HPx1, a heme–induced peroxidase
Authors: Talyuli Octavio A. C. , Oliveira Jose Henrique M. , Bottino-Rojas Vanessa , Silveira Gilbert O. , Alvarenga Patricia H. , Barletta Ana Beatriz F. , Kantor Asher M. , Paiva-Silva Gabriela O. , Barillas-Mury Carolina , Oliveira Pedro L.
Published: February 2023

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of arboviruses. The peritrophic matrix (PM) is an extracellular layer that surrounds the blood bolus. It acts as an immune barrier that prevents direct contact of bacteria with midgut epithelial cells during blood digestion. Here, we describe a heme-dependent peroxidase, hereafter referred to as heme peroxidase 1 (HPx1). HPx1 promotes PM assembly and antioxidant ability, modulating vector competence. Mechanistically, the heme presence in a blood meal induces HPx1 transcriptional activation mediated by the E75 transcription factor. HPx1 knockdown increases midgut reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the DUOX NADPH oxidase. Elevated ROS levels reduce microbiota growth while enhancing epithelial mitosis, a response to tissue damage. However, simultaneous HPx1 and DUOX silencing was not able to rescue bacterial population growth, as explained by increased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which occurred only after double knockdown. This result revealed hierarchical activation of ROS and AMPs to control microbiota. HPx1 knockdown produced a 100-fold decrease in Zika and dengue 2 midgut infection, demonstrating the essential role of the mosquito PM in the modulation of arbovirus vector competence. Our data show that the PM connects blood digestion to midgut immunological sensing of the microbiota and viral infections.
Complete functional analysis of type IV pilus components of a reemergent plant pathogen reveals neofunctionalization of paralog genes
Authors: Merfa Marcus V. , Zhu Xinyu , Shantharaj Deepak , Gomez Laura M. , Naranjo Eber , Potnis Neha , Cobine Paul A. , De La Fuente Leonardo
Published: February 2023

Type IV pilus (TFP) is a multifunctional bacterial structure involved in twitching motility, adhesion, biofilm formation, as well as natural competence. Here, by site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis, we determined the phenotype conferred by each of the 38 genes known to be required for TFP biosynthesis and regulation in the reemergent plant pathogenic fastidious prokaryoteXylella fastidiosa. This pathogen infects > 650 plant species and causes devastating diseases worldwide in olives, grapes, blueberries, and almonds, among others. This xylem-limited, insect-transmitted pathogen lives constantly under flow conditions and therefore is highly dependent on TFP for host colonization. In addition, TFP-mediated natural transformation is a process that impacts genomic diversity and environmental fitness. Phenotypic characterization of the mutants showed that ten genes were essential for both movement and natural competence. Interestingly, seven sets of paralogs exist, and mutations showed opposing phenotypes, indicating evolutionary neofunctionalization of subunits within TFP. The minor pilin FimT3 was the only protein exclusively required for natural competence. By combining approaches of molecular microbiology, structural biology, and biochemistry, we determined that the minor pilin FimT3 (but not the other two FimT paralogs) is the DNA receptor in TFP ofX.fastidiosaand constitutes an example of neofunctionalization. FimT3 is conserved amongX.fastidiosastrains and binds DNA non-specifically via an electropositive surface identified by homolog modeling. This protein surface includes two arginine residues that were exchanged with alanine and shown to be involved in DNA binding. Among plant pathogens,fimT3was found in ~ 10% of the available genomes of the plant associated Xanthomonadaceae family, which are yet to be assessed for natural competence (besidesX.fastidiosa). Overall, we highlight here the complex regulation of TFP inX.fastidiosa, providing a blueprint to understand TFP in other bacteria living under flow conditions.
Mirror Affect: Seeing Self, Observing Others in Contemporary Art, Cristina Albu (2016)
Cinema’s Bodily Illusions: Flying, Floating, and Hallucinating, Scott C. Richmond (2016)
Bodies in Suspense: Time and Affect in Cinema, Alanna Thain (2017)
Authors: Lozier Claire
Published: February 2023

Review of: Mirror Affect: Seeing Self, Observing Others in Contemporary Art, Cristina Albu (2016)

Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press, 303 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-51790-006-9, p/bk, $30

Cinema’s Bodily Illusions: Flying, Floating, and Hallucinating, Scott C. Richmond (2016)

Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press, 215 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81669-099-2, p/bk, $27

Bodies in Suspense: Time and Affect in Cinema, Alanna Thain (2017)

Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press, 332 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81669-295-8, p/bk, $20
Estado de la cuestión sobre los victimarios franquistas en la cultura española del cambio al siglo XXI
Authors: Pericet Caro Adrián
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo explica en qué consiste la perspectiva historiográfica de los Perpetrator Studies, que ha motivado un «giro hacia el perpetrador» en los estudios sobre la violencia política y los crímenes de masas en Europa y América Latina en los últimos años y que también ha afectado al caso español. Igualmente, este artículo hace un recorrido por la atención que los victimarios franquistas han suscitado en la producción cultural española, fundamentalmente en el cine y la literatura, y se detiene a compilar y exponer en segundo término el tratamiento historiográfico que ha gozado este asunto hasta hoy. Concretamente, nos hemos centrado en una línea historiográfica consistente en el análisis histórico del discurso y la representación de los victimarios en diversas producciones culturales. La conclusión a la que llegamos después de este análisis y reflexión historiográfica es que la profundización en el estudio de los victimarios franquistas en todo su espectro, desde los altos mandos hasta los que «apretaron el gatillo», pasando por funcionarios intermedios, como jueces, ayudaría a comprender mejor los fenómenos represivos que acontecieron en España durante la Guerra Civil y el primer franquismo y la propia sociedad del momento. Y, por otra parte, que la línea de investigación que se ha abierto en España hace algunos años sobre el estudio de la representación de los perpetradores franquistas en la cultura, que además ha nacido aplicando con acierto la comparación con otras experiencias como la argentina, parece ser una de las más sugestivas y que más recorrido ha tenido hasta ahora.
El Siglo Futuro en la (re)construcción de la amalgama contrarrevolucionaria (1930-1933): de órgano de la disidencia nocedalista a catalizador de la modernización defensiva carlista
Authors: Agudín Menéndez José Luis
Published: February 2023

Se ha apuntado que, a la altura de 1930, El Siglo Futuro era un periódico de segunda categoría habida cuenta de su número de lectores. No obstante, las investigaciones dejaban de lado los propósitos de transformación que desde finales de la dictadura de Primo de Rivera venía ensayando con este diario integrista el administrador Gustavo Sánchez Márquez. Este, con el beneplácito del Cardenal Primado de Toledo, Pedro Segura, buscaba convertir a El Siglo Futuro en un gran diario nacional; anhelo que se vio perjudicado por la instauración de la II República. Ahora bien, los planes de Sánchez Márquez no quedaron en balde ya que se recuperaron tiempo después. A partir de abril de 1931, se labró el camino hacia la reconstitución de una nueva amalgama contrarrevolucionaria. Tras fracasar los intentos de recuperación de El Correo Español, El Siglo Futuro se convirtió en órgano oficioso de la Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista. El objetivo de este artículo pasa por revisar esa etapa de transición que terminó con la fundación de una sociedad anónima con la que los carlo-integristas trataron de salvaguardar las esencias del diario El Siglo Futuro permeándose a las posibilidades de la moderna empresa informativa capitalista. También se aborda la labor del integrismo siglofuturista por la reagrupación amalgamática y cómo el diario pasó a convertirse en correa de transmisión de la cultura política tradicionalista. Tampoco se puede omitir el rol del periódico en la construcción de una jefatura bicéfala para la Comunión al catapultar desde sus filas a la secretaría de la Comunión al organizador del tradicionalismo andaluz Manuel Fal Conde.
Almacenes «azucareros» en el puerto de La Habana, 1840-1880
Authors: Domínguez Cabrera David
Published: February 2023

La entrada masiva de africanos esclavizados impulsó el boom azucarero de Cuba a finales del siglo XVIII. La implementación de la economía de plantación conllevó a profundas transformaciones en la estructura demográfica y en la dinámica comercial de la Isla. A partir de la década de 1840, en plena consolidación de la Segunda Esclavitud en Cuba, emergió en la bahía habanera un nuevo complejo portuario: los almacenes de depósito. Los almacenes «azucareros» se replicaron en otros enclaves de la isla, cada vez más conectados a la exportación de commodities. El presente trabajo examina cómo se organizó el nuevo sistema logístico del complejo agroindustrial azucarero, cuyo epicentro radicó en el puerto de La Habana. Un sistema logístico que se articuló sobre tres ejes: la expansión del ferrocarril, la navegación a vapor y lo almacenes de depósito. Todo ello permitió el establecimiento de una geografía comercial azucarera en el occidente cubano, cada vez más interconectada con la economía-mundo capitalista. Los almacenes «azucareros» construidos en este periodo emularon el warehousing system, que ya se había implementado con éxito en los puertos noratlánticos de Londres y Liverpool. Solo en la bahía habanera estuvieron operativas en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cinco compañías con sus respectivas infraestructuras portuarias (muelles, almacenes, grúas, etc.), que compitieron por el control del tráfico mercantil. Su evolución posterior estuvo condicionada por los efectos socioeconómicos de las crisis mundiales de 1857 y 1866, así como por la inserción de los intereses monopolistas y los capitales trasnacionales en la economía cubana, en el contexto de agotamiento y disolución de la Segunda Esclavitud.
La monarquía constitucional y la independencia de México en el pensamiento político de José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (1821-1823)
Authors: Viñuela Pérez Rebeca , Escribano Roca Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo examina el pensamiento político del escritor José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi durante el Primer Imperio Mexicano (1821-1823). Existen abundantes estudios sobre su producción literaria y su propuesta educativa, así como sobre sus posturas liberales y republicanas. Sin embargo, la historiografía no ha abordado en profundidad un aspecto esencial del argumentario político de Lizardi durante el período aludido: su defensa del monarquismo constitucional como fundamento para la exitosa edificación de un Estado liberal en el México independiente. Se aborda la tarea de analizar el ideario ‘iturbidista’ del autor, encuadrándolo como una manifestación propiamente mexicana de los imaginarios monarquistas que, en aquella coyuntura, proliferaron en las culturas políticas del liberalismo a ambos lados del Atlántico. Se pretende con ello desmentir la corriente de pensamiento historicista que ha considerado el Primer Imperio como un mero accidente en la historia del país. Como un paréntesis reaccionario que precedió a la llegada de las premisas liberales al Estado mexicano. El análisis del pensamiento político de Fernández de Lizardi demuestra que la monarquía moderada formulada por el iturbidismo fue un proyecto construido en torno al liberalismo doctrinario. Y que, lejos de representar una anomalía en el contexto ideológico americano, se adscribe a una corriente filosófico-política que imaginó monarquías constitucionales compatibles con la limitación del poder ejecutivo, la representación parlamentaria y el respeto a los derechos individuales de la ciudadanía.
DEL ARCO BLANCO, Miguel Ángel, Cruces de memoria y olvido. Los monumentos a los caídos de la guerra civil española (1936-2019). Barcelona, Crítica, 2022, 449 pp.
Authors: Sánchez Recio Glicerio
Published: February 2023

DEL ARCO BLANCO, Miguel Ángel, Cruces de memoria y olvido. Los monumentos a los caídos de la guerra civil española (1936-2019). Barcelona, Crítica, 2022, 449 pp.
Francisco Ferrari Billoch y la represión antimasónica en la España franquista
Authors: Ginard Feron David
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo indaga en la relación con la masonería del escritor y periodista Francisco Ferrari Billoch (Manacor, Mallorca 1901-Madrid 1958), sin duda uno de los ejemplos más relevantes de evolución desde la pertenencia a la orden al propagandismo antimasónico en el siglo XX español. Pese a sus orígenes derechistas y católicos, en los inicios de la Segunda República (1931-1936) Ferrari experimentó una breve etapa masónica, laicista y progresista que dio paso en 1935-36 a un nuevo giro hacia la extrema derecha que lo convirtió, hasta principios de la década de los cuarenta, en uno de los más afamados libelistas españoles contra las logias y su supuesta conexión con el marxismo y el judaísmo, publicando obras como La masonería en acción (1941), La masonería femenina (1942), Andanzas del bulo. Apuntes para su historia (1942) y La garra del capitalismo judío. Sus procedimientos y efectos en el momento actual (1943). Sin embargo, tras la aprobación de la Ley de Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo (1940) fue procesado, condenado a 12 años de reclusión y encarcelado en la prisión de Burgos (1942-1945). La trayectoria de Ferrari es muy indicativa de la fascistización conocida en la década de los treinta por la derecha tradicional española, así como del papel adquirido por el combate contra las logias en el discurso del bando vencedor en la Guerra Civil. Por otra parte, el análisis de la documentación incluida en el sumario al que fue sometido en 1942 permite avanzar en el conocimiento de la mecánica de estos procedimientos, evidenciando el carácter implacable y la extrema ajuricidad de la represión antimasónica franquista.
RAMOS DIEZ-ASTRAIN, Xavier María, A través del Telón de Acero. Historia de las relaciones políticas entre España y la RDA (1973-1990). Madrid, CEPC, 2021, 331 pp.
Authors: De la Torre Muñoz Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

RAMOS DIEZ-ASTRAIN, Xavier María, A través del Telón de Acero. Historia de las relaciones políticas entre España y la RDA (1973-1990). Madrid, CEPC, 2021, 331 pp.
KERSHAW, Ian, Personalidad y poder. Forjadores y destructores de la Europa moderna. Crítica, Barcelona, 2022, 574 pp.
Authors: Magaldi Fernandez Adrián
Published: February 2023

KERSHAW, Ian, Personalidad y poder. Forjadores y destructores de la Europa moderna. Crítica, Barcelona, 2022, 574 pp.
RODRIGO, Javier, Generalísimo. Las vidas de Francisco Franco, 1892-2020. Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022, 496 pp.
Authors: Fernández Pasalodos Arnau
Published: February 2023

RODRIGO, Javier, Generalísimo. Las vidas de Francisco Franco, 1892-2020. Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022, 496 pp.
CANAL, Jordi (ed.), Los colores de la política en la España contemporánea. Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza / Marcial Pons, 2022, 469 pp.
Authors: Fernández Sirvent Rafael
Published: February 2023

CANAL, Jordi (ed.), Los colores de la política en la España contemporánea. Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza / Marcial Pons, 2022, 469 pp.
An Unusual Case of Primary Gastric Balloon Cell Melanoma
Authors: Chaudhry Hunza , Green Victoria , Lin Joanne , Lewis Justin , Wong Helen
Published: February 2023

Most cases of melanoma found in the gastrointestinal tract are the result of metastasis. Although uncommon and only described in isolated case reports, primary gastric melanoma should be considered when patients present with vague gastrointestinal symptoms and a mass is identified on esophagogastroduodenoscopy or imaging. We describe a case of primary gastric balloon cell melanoma in a 73-year-old man who presented with melena. Given the high morbidity and mortality of gastric mucosal melanoma, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment can lead to improved outcomes and survival.
A Novel Mutation in the ATP7B Gene: A Rare Manifestation of Wilson Disease With Liver Failure
Authors: Awan Rehmat Ullah , Rashid Shazia , Nabeel Ambreen , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Samant Hrishikesh
Published: February 2023

Wilson disease is a hereditary disorder which involves anomalous copper metabolism. Typically, the presentation is systemic, involving vital organs such as the liver, kidney, and brain, among others. We report a unique case presenting with solitary organ involvement as acute liver failure with novel ATP7B gene mutation, which has never been reported before.
Poéticas del embarazo y la lengua materna para América Latina: Ana Cristina Cesar y Tamara Kamenszain
Authors: Di Leone Luciana
Published: February 2023

La interpretación de la tradición literaria y la formación de un canon suelen sostenerse en la definición de una identidad, una marca autoral, un estilo particular y en una dinámica de herencia. En el caso de la literatura latinoamericana y su tradición, esta definición de identidad se mostró insuficiente, o inoperante, ya en las formulaciones de sus pensadores más conocidos como Octavio Paz, Ángel Rama o Antonio Cándido. En este texto pretendo mostrar, como uno de los modos más interesantes de contraponerse a la lógica identitaria, autoral y hereditaria, la fuerte presencia de textos poéticos contemporáneos que trabajan en torno a los problemas de la lengua materna —en lugar de una lengua nacional, el balbuceo, la lengua in−fante; del cuerpo materno o gestante— que contiene en sí la alteridad y la apertura; y una economía del cuidado y de la casa, vida doméstica y convivencia; y no del lucro. Para ello, propongo la lectura de algunos textos poéticos que nos permitan observar esta otra economía poética, como los de Ana Cristina Cesar y Tamara Kamenszain. Por último, y con el apoyo de la poesía de Roberta Iannamico, se señala la importancia de no entender estas experiencias como matrices de sentido totalizantes.
Arqueología de medios y estudios literarios
Authors: Vilar Mariano
Published: February 2023

La relación entre la literatura y los medios ha sido objeto de debate por muchas décadas. Aunque a menudo este debate se presentó en la forma simplificada de una confrontación, existieron numerosos críticos y teóricos que aspiraron a conectar problemas de teoría y análisis literario con el estudio de los medios y sus efectos sobre la sociedad y la conciencia humana. En los últimos años, la «arqueología de medios» (media archaeology) hizo su aparición en el panorama intelectual de las humanidades como un intento de repensar las tecnologías de almacenamiento, procesamiento y transmisión de información en el marco de una nueva perspectiva transdisciplinar sobre la cultura que retoma muchos elementos de Michel Foucault, Marshall McLuhan y el teórico alemán Friedrich Kittler. En este trabajo se plantean algunos de los lineamientos principales de esta perspectiva, con particular énfasis en las conceptualizaciones que propone de la historia y en las diferentes maneras en las que se articula con el análisis literario.
Juan L. Ortiz: el por−venir del poeta
Authors: Romero Laura Soledad
Published: February 2023

En el siguiente texto reconstruiremos algunos puntos de anclaje que posibilitaron la confección del presente dossier desde las expectativas primeras hasta las dificultades epistemológicas que representa hacer crítica de poesía desde una revista académica. En la presente introducción abordaremos los puntos centrales (o marginales) que nos deja este compendio dedicado a la obra poética de Juan Laurentino Ortiz para, una vez más, abrir el espacio de interrogación, de escucha y de proyección poética.
Fastness Improvement of a Crystalline Liquid Thermochromic Print on Cotton Fabric by the Application of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice-Husk
Authors: Tirta Jantera Sekar , Hoerudin  , Nuramdhani Ida
Published: February 2023

Most commercially available thermochromic dyes are not resistant to washing and rubbing when applied to textile materials. This is due to their low affinity for fibre. The addition of silica extracted from rice husk ash using the sol-gel method was performed to improve colour fastness and maintain the stability of thermochromic dyes printed on cotton fabrics. The rice husks used in this study were derived from the Baroma rice variety with silica content in ash and silica gel of 97.05% and 99.20%. The morphological structures and particle sizes of the silica obtained were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analyser (PSA). The particle sizes of the silica product, thermochromic dye and silica-dye mixture were 53.64–60.66 nm, 2.603 nm and 5.827 nm, respectively. The printing process of silica: the dye mixture was applied to cotton fabric in a ratio of 1:1. Fluid of silica: the dye showed good stability until the seventh day of observation. Colour fastness to washing assessed using a staining scale was better with the addition of silica than without silica, i.e. 3–4 in the first washing and 3 in the third washing. Similarly, fastness to rubbing was also better with the addition of silica, i.e. 3–4 dry rubbings and 3 wet rubbings. Moreover, the combination of silica, binder, PDMS and dye (in a ratio of 1:1:1:1) gave the best colour fastness to washing and rubbing.
Styl życia w rodzinie – konteksty socjalizacji w obszarze zdrowia
Authors: Syrek Ewa
Published: February 2023

W artykule podjęta została  próba zasygnalizowanie  znaczenia stylu życia rodziny dla  zdrowia zwłaszcza dzieci i młodzieży ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem znaczenia  obszaru zdrowia w procesie socjalizacji. Style życia jednostek i grup społecznych (w tym rodziny) warunkują zdrowie, które jest podstawą  szans życiowych, rodzajów, form  i możliwości uczestnictwa społecznego,  są elementem dystrybucji szans życiowych.
Oblicza wolności edukacyjnej w perspektywie zmian oświatowych i społecznych. Między samowolą a zniewoleniem
Authors: Kamińska Małgorzata
Published: February 2023

W artykule podjęto próbę krytycznej analizy i interpretacji pojęcia wolności edukacyjnej na tle rozważań o wartości i przejawach wolności i demokracji. Stanowi to swego rodzaju egzemplifikację zjawisk, które towarzyszą dokonującym się zmianom edukacyjnym i społecznym. Sygnalizowane zjawiska wolności nadzorowanej, wolności elitarnej czy wolności pozorowanej, pozostawione samym sobie, pozbawione krytycznego namysłu i świadomości ich skutków, mogą znacznie obniżyć jakość edukacji, a w konsekwencji osłabić cały system oświatowy i poziom społeczeństwa demokratycznego.
Prawo kobiet do ochrony i wsparcia w sytuacji przemocy w rodzinie w świetle przepisów obowiązującego prawa
Authors: Rajewska de Mezer Joanna
Published: February 2023

Przemoc jest zjawiskiem towarzyszącym człowiekowi od najdawniejszych czasów. Będąc działaniem intencjonalnym, wykorzystującym przewagę sprawcy nad ofirarą, naruszającym prawa oraz dobra osobiste człowieka i wywołującym cierpienie, powoduje negatywne skutki we wszystkich sferach życia ofiary. Jak wskazują statystyki, ofiarami większości notowanych na świecie aktów przemocy są kobiety. Prawo polskie oraz międzynarodowe zawiera regulacje, których celem jest przeciwdziałanie występowaniu przemocy oraz wieloaspektowe wsparcie osób krzywdzonych. Szereg podmiotów państwa jest wyposażonych w kompetencje w zakresie ochrony i udzielania pomocy ofiarom. Istotna jest jednak edukacja społeczeństwa w problematyce skutków stosowania przemocy wobec najbliższych oraz form pomocy psychologicznej, prawnej, medycznej i socjalnej dla poszkodowanych przemocą.
Tilt perception is different in the pitch and roll planes in human
Authors: Keriven Serpollet Dimitri , Hartnagel David , James Yannick , Buffat Stéphane , Vayatis Nicolas , Bargiotas Ioannis , Vidal Pierre‐Paul
Published: February 2023

Neurophysiological tests probing the vestibulo‐ocular, colic and spinal pathways are the gold standard to evaluate the vestibular system in clinics. In contrast, vestibular perception is rarely tested despite its potential usefulness in professional training and for the longitudinal follow‐up of professionals dealing with complex man–machine interfaces, such as aircraft pilots. This is explored here using a helicopter flight simulator to probe the vestibular perception of pilots. The vestibular perception of nine professional helicopter pilots was tested using a full flight helicopter simulator. The cabin was tilted six times in roll and six times in pitch (−15°, −10°, −5°, 5°, 10° and 15°) while the pilots had no visual cue. The velocities of the outbound displacement of the cabin were kept below the threshold of the semicircular canal perception. After the completion of each movement, the pilots were asked to put the cabin back in the horizontal plane (still without visual cues). The order of the 12 trials was randomized with two additional control trials where the cabin stayed in the horizontal plane but rotated in yaw (−10° and +10°). Pilots were significantly more precise in roll (average error in roll: 1.15 ± 0.67°) than in pitch (average error in pitch: 2.89 ± 1.06°) (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test: p < 0.01). However, we did not find a significant difference either between left and right roll tilts (p = 0.51) or between forward and backward pitch tilts (p = 0.59). Furthermore, we found that the accuracies were significantly biased with respect to the initial tilt. The greater the initial tilt was, the less precise the pilots were, although maintaining the direction of the tilt, meaning that the error can be expressed as a vestibular error gain in the ability to perceive the modification in the orientation. This significant result was found in both roll (Friedman test: p < 0.01) and pitch (p < 0.001). However, the pitch trend error was more prominent (gain = 0.77 vs gain = 0.93) than roll. This study is a first step in the determination of the perceptive‐motor profile of pilots, which could be of major use for their training and their longitudinal follow‐up. A similar protocol may also be useful in clinics to monitor the aging process of the otolith system with a simplified testing device.
Nasal biomarkers of immune function differ based on smoking and respiratory disease status
Authors: Rebuli Meghan E. , Stanley Lee Anna , Nurhussien Lina , Tahir Usman A. , Sun Wendy Y. , Kimple Adam J. , Ebert Charles S. , Almond Martha , Jaspers Ilona , Rice Mary B.
Published: February 2023

Respiratory biomarkers have the potential to identify airway injury by revealing inflammatory processes within the respiratory tract. Currently, there are no respiratory biomarkers suitable for clinical use to identify patients that warrant further diagnostic work‐up, counseling, and treatment for toxic inhalant exposures or chronic airway disease. Using a novel, noninvasive method of sampling the nasal epithelial lining fluid, we aimed to investigate if nasal biomarker patterns could distinguish healthy nonsmoking adults from active smokers and those with chronic upper and lower airway disease in this exploratory study. We compared 28 immune mediators from healthy nonsmoking adults (n = 32), former smokers with COPD (n = 22), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (n = 22), and smoking adults without airway disease (n = 13). Using ANOVA, multinomial logistic regressions, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), we determined associations between immune mediators and each cohort. Six mediators (IL‐7, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐12p70, IL‐15, and MCP‐1) were lower among disease groups compared to healthy controls. Participants with lower levels of IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, and MCP‐1 in the nasal fluid had a higher odds of being in the COPD or CRS group. The cluster analysis identified groups of mediators that correlated with disease status. Specifically, the cluster of IL‐10, IL‐12p70, and IL‐13, was positively correlated with healthy and negatively correlated with COPD groups, and two clusters were correlated with active smoking. In this exploratory study, we preliminarily identified groups of nasal mucosal mediators that differed by airway disease and smoking status. Future prospective, age‐matched studies that control for medication use are needed to validate these patterns and determine if nasosorption has diagnostic utility for upper and lower airway disease or injury.
A corpus-based quantitative study of numeral classifiers in Nepali
Authors: Parajuli Krishna Prasad , Allassonnière-Tang Marc
Published: February 2023

Nepali is typologically rare in terms of nominal classification systems, as it is one of the few languages of the world having simultaneously two gender systems (human/non-human, masculine/feminine) and one numeral classifier system (distinguishing features such as human, round-shaped objects, and long objects among others). Such a rare co-occurrence of different nominal classification systems is highly relevant for investigating linguistic complexity, as languages generally do not have several systems of the same type fulfilling the same functions. However, no corpus-based quantitative analyses have been conducted on the productive use of nominal classification systems in Nepali. The current paper aims at filling this gap by providing a token-based study from the Nepali National Corpus (∼20 million words). Our preliminary results show that there is in fact little formal overlap between the classifier and the gender systems.
Neuronal stress granules as dynamic microcompartments: current concepts and open questions
Authors: Söhnel Anna-Carina , Brandt Roland
Published: February 2023

Stress granules are cytosolic, membraneless RNA-protein complexes that form in the cytosol in response to various stressors. Stress granules form through a process termed liquid-liquid phase separation, which increases the local concentration of RNA and protein within the granules, creates dynamic sorting stations for mRNAs and associated proteins, and modulates the availability of mRNA for protein translation. We introduce the concept that neuronal stress granules act as dynamic cytosolic microcompartments in which their components differentially cycle in and out, monitoring the cellular environment. We discuss that neuronal stress granules have distinctive features and contain substructures in which individual components interact transiently. We describe that neuronal stress granules modulate protein expression at multiple levels and affect the proteoform profile of the cytoskeletal protein tau. We argue that a better knowledge of the regulation of stress granule dynamics in neurons and the modulation of their material state is necessary to understand their function during physiological and pathological stress responses. Finally, we delineate approaches to determine the behavior and regulation of critical stress granule organizers and the physical state of stress granules in living neurons.