bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Differences in the Choice of College Attended: The Role of State Public Policies
Authors: Perna Laura W , Titus Marvin A
Published: January 2007

This study uses multilevel modeling to examine, after taking student-level predictors of enrollment into account, the effects of state public policies on the type of institution high school graduates attend. Four types of state policies (direct appropriations, tuition, financial aid, and K-12 academic preparation) influence the type of college high school graduates select. Observed socioeconomic status differences in college enrollment patterns are not explained by the student- and state-level variables in the model.
The Community College as a Baccalaureate-Granting Institution
Authors: Levin John S
Published: January 2007

The introduction of baccalaureate degree programming and credentialing expands the mission and may lead to the alteration of the institutional identity of the community college. This study examines baccalaureate-degree granting community colleges through the lenses of both globalization theory and institutional theory, in a multisite, two-nation investigation. In addressing potential outcomes of baccalaureate-degree-granting status for community
colleges, this study questions whether the institution can maintain its
traditional role.
Higher Education Reform as a Social Movement: The Case of Affirmative Action
Authors: Rhoads Robert A , Saenz Victor , Carducci Rozana
Published: January 2007

This paper explores affirmative action as a social movement with two goals in mind: (a) to challenge dominant notions of higher education reform, while advancing a social movement perspective; and (b) to advance understanding of the role of collective action in supporting affirmative action in college admissions. The authors highlight ways in which proponents and opponents of affirmative action have utilized collective action as a means for advancing particular ideological visions relative to race-based admissions policies.
An Examination of Costs at Four-Year Public Colleges and Universities between 1989 and 1998
Authors: Harter John F. R , Wade John A , Watkins Thomas G.
Published: January 2007

Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, this paper examines the inflation-adjusted cost per student between 1989 and 1998 for a sample of four-year public colleges and universities. On average, per-student expenditures grew faster than inflation over the period; but expenditures on public service, academic support, student services, institutional support, and unrestricted scholarships grew faster than instruction for most institutions. The paper also found that the growth rate in adjusted total expenditures per student was caused by (in order of importance) an increase in average faculty salaries, an increase in non-instructional expenditures, and an increase in instructional expenditures other than the salaries of full-time faculty.
The Limits of Service-Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Butin Dan W. (Dan Wernaa)
Published: January 2007

This article takes a critical look at the attempted institutionalization of service-learning in higher education. It asks whether service-learning can become deeply embedded within the academy; and if so, what exactly is becoming embedded. Specifically, this article suggests that there are substantial pedagogical, political, and institutional limits to service-learning across the academy. These limits, moreover, are shown to be inherent to the service-learning movement as contemporarily theorized and enacted. The article concludes by reframing some of the grounding assumptions of service-learning to position it as a disciplinary field more suited for becoming genuinely embedded within higher education.
Past and Present in Victor Hugo Rascon Banda's La Malinche and Marisol Martin del Campo's Amor y conquista
Authors: Van Delden Maarten
Published: January 2007

Mexican writers have repeatedly used the life of La Malinche as a vehicle for their reflections on the question of Mexican national identity. This has resulted in a tradition of ahistorical and unduly theological readings of Mexican history which presents La Malinche either as traitor to or symbolical mother of a nation that did not in fact come into being until several centuries after his death. With the help of Michael André Bernstein and Gary Saul Morson's work on closed and open narratives, this article reads two recent works on La Malinche, in order to determine to what extent they reiterate traditional views of La Malinche's role in Mexican history. V'ctor Hugo Rascón Banda's play La Malinche deploys postmodernist techniques of anachronism and pastiche, but nevertheless reinserts La Malinche into the standard master narrative of the Mexican nation. Marisol Martín del Campo's novel Amor y conquista mixes painstaking historical reconstruction with the overt fictionalizing of the past, and succeeds in capturing a sense of uncertainty and openness of the story of La Malinche's life.
Picturing Mexico's Past: Photography and Historia Grafica
Authors: Mraz John
Published: January 2007

From a standpoint of what "photohistory" out to be, this article critiques the major book series on the historia gráfica (graphic history) of Mexico that have appeared in that country since 1920s. It begins with those produced by the Casasola Archive, Historia gráfica de Revolución mexicana (Graphic history of the Mexican Revolution) and Seis siglos de historia gráfica de México (Six Centuries of Mexican Graphic History). It then proceeds to comment on the more recent series subsidized by the Mexican government during the 1980s and early 1990s: Memoria y olvido (Memory and Forgetting), Así fue la Revolución mexicana (This was the Mexican revolution), Biografía del poder (Biography of Power), Historia Gráfica de México (Graphic History of Mexico), and Veracruz: Imágenes de su historia (Veracruz: Images of its History). The article argues that historias gráficas have been fundamental to the representation of Mexico's pas, but that they have rarely been carried out with the rigor necessary to construct real "photohistories."
Listening to the Ghosts: The "New Southern Studies"
Authors: Ford Sarah Gilbreath
Published: January 2007

This essay is a response to Michael Kreyling's article analyzing the state of new southern studies. Kreyling argues that in many of the new texts, there is too much "calculated amnesia" and wants to see more awareness of past texts and criticism. My response agrees with Kreyling in this charge but suggests that the combining of new and old is a tricky business because you must determine which old you want to preserve and value. I suggest that the texts that place the mixing of old and new at the heart of their examinations are the most successful. The articles in the special issue of American Literature on the new southern studies do not negotiate that tricky combination of old and new. The Prentice-Hall anthology, The South in Perspective, includes a nice mix of canonical and non-canonical texts, but diverts attention by unnecessarily separating texts into "upper south" and "lower south" categories. I end with a discussion of Houston Baker's Turning South Again and Baker's description of being haunted by the southern past. I suggest that to avoid the problem Kreyling addresses of forgetting the past we should listen to the ghosts.
William Melvin Kelley's Real Live, Invisible South
Authors: Harris Trudier
Published: January 2007

Like many African American writers born and bred outside the southern United States, William Melvin Kelley is attracted to the South, its people, its soil, and its history. In A Different Drummer(1962), Kelley creates an invisible southern state (located between Mississippi and Alabama and south of Tennessee) in which he can work through a range of complex attitudes toward the South and the people who reside in that territory. By creating a novel about African Americans in which the narrators of the tale are all white, Kelley is able to explore race relations that originated during slavery and that still have consequences in 1957. Tucker Caliban, the diminutive chauffeur who is a descendant of "the African," a gigantic black man enslaved by Tucker's employer's great grandfather, must sever the bonds between his family and the Willsons, in whose family several generations of his ancestors have been employed following their enslavement to the Willsons. The primary narrator, Mister Harper, speculates that the blood of the African, dead since early in the nineteenth century, nonetheless courses through Tucker's veins; it eventually awakens Caliban to reclaim his family and his history. Through narration and character, Kelley creates a unique lens through which to view black heroism, white male cowardice, white female sexuality, black activism, the possibility of friendship across racial lines, the failure of that potential for friendship, and the consequences of misdirected violence. In a narrative unusual in its formation as a text composed by an African American, A Different Drummeris an inviting site on which to explore mythmaking, the meanings of southernness to African Americans and specifically to African American writers, and the impossibility of any African American writer, no matter his or her state or city of origin, to escape imaginative immersion in the South.
"Calypso Magnolia": The Caribbean Side of the South
Authors: Lowe John
Published: January 2007

Calypso Magnolia urges the transnational study of a new region, one that configures the coastal United States with the Caribbean islands and the gulf coasts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. The essay maps the extensive connections between the U.S. South and the Caribbean, and examines the basin's treatment in nineteenth and twentieth century U.S. southern writers such as Martin Delany, Lucy Holcombe Pickens, William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright, Lee Smith, Judith Ortiz Cofer, and Virgil Suarez, relating them to theorists such as Bhabha, Braudel, Glissant, Dash, Benitez-Rojo, Roach and Gilroy.
Samuel Daniel and Edification
Authors: Kneidel Gregory
Published: January 2007

The 1590s witnessed a fashionable preoccupation with the decay of the
intellectual, social, and moral order that Renaissance humanism strove
to uphold. Partially the product of Protestant anti-poetic sentiment,
this preoccupation forced the period's literati to explain how secular
learning can be used to reform the English church and nation. In his
verse dialogue Musophilus (1599) and his prose Defence of Ryme (1603),
Samuel Daniel defends humanist poetics by melding a polemical Puritan
interpretation of Paul's dictum "let all things be done unto edifying"
(I Cor. 14:26) with a conservative cultural medievalism. This defense
is an unacknowledged moment in the development of scriptural poetics in
the English Renaissance.
Ecphrasis and Reading Practices in Elizabethan Narrative Verse
Authors: Quinn Kelly A
Published: January 2007

This essay examines ecphrastic passages in Samuel Daniel's Complaint
of Rosamond, Shakespeare's Lucrece, and Michael Drayton's Mortimeriados,
in which characters misinterpret works of visual art. The essay argues
that these characters are models of the Renaissance reader, and that
the poems present a model of reading that is both a response to the
humanist pedagogical theory that informs the readings these characters
make and a contribution to the contemporary debate on the moral efficacy
of poetry. The ecphrastic passages ultimately serve to emphasize the
fallibility of the interpretive process.
Recent Studies in the English Renaissance
Authors: Schoenfeldt Michael Carl
Published: January 2007

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the
English Renaissance and some general observations on the state of the
profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by
SEL for consideration follow.
Swift on False Witness
Authors: Clegg Jeanne
Published: January 2007

Swift's sermon of 1715, "On False Witness," is, compared to previous homilies on "sins of the tongue" (by Isaac Barrow, Robert South, Ezekiel, Hopkins, Peter Newcome), unique in focusing on government informers, in addressing its "Hearers" not as potential liars but as potential victims of lying, and in offering the congregation advice on how to avoid entrapment by spies. This choice of focus, determined by Swift's immediate aim of protecting his neighbors from the flourishing post-Succession "trade in carrying stories to the government," is relevant to Gulliver's Travels. Alternately victim and perpetrator of false witness, Gulliver exposes the unreliability of those who "inform" on the basis of individual observation, rather than speaking for, and from within, a neighborly community.
Nostalgic Correspondence and James Boswell's Scottish Malady
Authors: Loar Christopher F
Published: January 2007

The essay examines James Boswell's correspondence with his friend, John Johnston of Grange, most of which dates from the 1760s; the essay emphasizes the correspondence that transmitted Boswell's London Journal. The essay argues that these letters invoke a form of social melancholy that surrounds a mythical and absent Scottish past, and that this mythos is closely connected to midcentury rhetorics of spontaneity and sentiment. The mythos of Scotland involves a particular sort of masculinity— spontaneous, sentimental, and unproduced—which Boswell and Grange understand to be no longer available in eighteenth-century Britain, where hegemonic forms of masculinity are understood to be polished, refined, and calculated.
Francis Hayman Reading Paradise Lost in the 1740s
Authors: Raynie Stephen A
Published: January 2007

Francis Hayman's designs for Paradise Lost, which first appeared in Thomas Newton's 1749 edition, offer subtle editorial comment especially about the relationship of Adam and Eve. In the context of Hayman's other illustrations and his association with David Garrick and William Hogarth, it seems likely that the artist read the text closely. Particularly in the designs for books 4, 5, 7, and 8, Hayman sheds light on the complex gender issues of Milton's epic by seeming to read Adam as possessive. More generally, the artist suggests how the complex psychology of the Fall might have been read in the 1740s.
Duck, Collier, and the Ideology of Verse Forms
Authors: Thompson Peggy (Peggy Jane)
Published: January 2007

Do verse forms have ideologies? Stephen Duck's unwitting affirmation of the current socioeconomic order in "The Thresher's Labour" seems to imply that the heroic couplet has a necessary connection to a hierarchical and authoritative universe, just as scholars have implied for decades. But at his better moments, Duck uses the couplet to convey rather than betray his class-based anguish. These moments of control suggest what Mary Collier's more consistent success in "The Woman's Labour" more forcefully supports: the most dominant verse form of the eighteenth century does not have an essential ideology. The two poems remind us that though verse forms can support powerful patterns and tendencies, their meanings must be derived from actual practice.
Ordination and Revolution in Mansfield Park
Authors: Karounos Michael
Published: January 2007

This article makes three important assertions: it explains Austen's famous comment that Mansfield Park is about "ordination"; it shows that thematically the book is an anti-slavery novel; and it shows how Austen codifies her solution to the English anxieties of the French Revolution by implementing reforms in the institutions of the state, the military, and the church. The paper uses the Burkean terms of modeand substance to prove Burke's assertion that an estate, as well as a state, "without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation."
Austen's Later Subjects
Authors: Rohrbach Emily
Published: January 2007

This essay considers the issues of representation and literary subjectivity in Jane Austen's later novels, particularly Mansfield Park and Persuasion, and makes use of psychoanalytic texts to illuminate Austen's individual narrative strategies. Mansfield Park explores literary subjectivity above all in its spatial expression, and thus the heroine's identity appears articulated in the novel's prominent question "'But where is Fanny?'" Persuasion represents Austen's subtlest exploration of narrative temporality; Anne Elliot's prospective imagination reflects the temporal structures of narrative as recent theorists have described them. Our attention to the literary subject itself thus offers a key to Austen's explorations of the peculiar capacities of narrative art.
Alchemical Augmentation and Primordial Fire in Donne's "The Dissolution"
Authors: Albrecht Roberta
Published: January 2007

Jay Arnold Levine's interpretation of "The Dissolution" is still among the best, especially as it treats the purpose of alchemy in the poem. He argues that Donne's theme of impotence defines an opus gone awry, proving the problem of the poem as a case of excessive female moisture overwhelming male fire. This study examines certain other codes from occult doctrine, showing how Heraclitus's principle of primordial fire informs the poem. As the "road up" and/or the "road down" to fire, the male and female accomplish the miracle of the phoenix—born by fire, resolved by fire, refusing to die.
Looking at Britomart Looking at Pictures
Authors: McKeown Adam, Ph.D
Published: January 2007

In framing itself as a portrait designed to praise, The Faerie Queene operates in both a rhetorical and a pictorial mode. Many have observed, however, that these two modes do not obviously cooperate and that the poem's images do not square with its grand epideictic intentions. This essay argues that the efficacy of Spenser's literary pictorialism lies not in the reconciliation of these two modes but in the competition between them. The rhetorical and the visual, the persuasive goals of the poem and the pictures it spawns in the mind's eye, cooperate not by agreeing with each other but by complicating and destabilizing each other, forcing a confusion of meaning and sensation designed to create knowledge that uplifts the mind at the same time it ravishes the heart. The essay focuses on Britomart, who, more than any other character in the poem, must negotiate artworks that seem specifically to challenge the rhetorical value she is supposed to possess.
Re-Created Heritage Villages of the Midwest: A Four-Stage Development Model
Authors: Berglee Royal
Published: January 2007

Re-created heritage villages of the American Midwest consist of structures from the early settlement landscape that have been gathered from a surrounding community to resemble a village from an earlier period of time. These community-based sites are developed through a grassroots effort to celebrate and retain a sense of continuity with the past. They also function as supply side destinations for heritage tourism. This study identifies and examines a four-stage model for understanding the development of re-created heritage villages from the initial push for preservation to a mature, fully operational heritage tourism destination accepted and integrated within its community.
Hazard Response Capabilities of a Small Community: A Case Study of Falmouth, Kentucky and the 1997 Flood
Authors: Hughey Erin P , Tobin Graham A
Published: January 2007

In the early 1990s there were approximately 22,000 communities in the United States located in whole or in part of the 5% of U.S. land area comprised of floodplains (Kusler and Larson 1993). Significant flood losses occur in the U.S. every year, making flooding the leading natural hazard. Disparities exist in the hazards literature with regards to the response capabilities of small communities to disasters. The primary intent of this research is to examine the capacity of small communities to respond to disasters by analyzing official and unofficial records of hazard mitigation and response activities within Falmouth, Kentucky before and after a 1997 flood event. Qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized to establish the community's ability to respond to the flood which impacted over 80% of the community. Well-established community relationships were identified as the elements intrinsic to small community hazard response.
Analysis of Aggregate Passenger Routes in Air Travel: An Atlanta-Based Study
Authors: Song Wei
Published: January 2007

Airline hub-and-spoke networks have had numerous impacts on the domestic air transport system and its passengers. This paper studies this important phenomenon in air transportation from the perspective of passenger choice, by focusing on the relationship between aggregate travelers' route choice and the factors that influence them on observed air travel demand. A multinomial logit aggregate passenger route model is developed to examine the impacts of the following route and node attributes in the network: air fare, travel time en route, waiting time at hubs, activity level of hub airport, and number of stops en route. Route elasticity in response to air fare and travel time, as well as values of travel time and waiting time are also derived. Atlanta-based passenger data are used to calibrate the model. The results are intuitive and generally consistent over routes for different city-pair markets. While the general preference of passengers for direct routes of low fare and short distance is demonstrated by the consistent estimates of air fare, travel time and number of stops, the impacts of waiting time and hub activity level are varied.
Religious Diversity in the Southeastern U.S.
Authors: Vincent Peter , Winsberg Morton D , Warf Barney
Published: January 2007

Religious diversity—the suite of options available to believers in a given area—is an intriguing phenomenon that is under-researched by geographers, though not by other social scientists. This paper examines the geography of religious diversity in the southeastern U.S. It offers an alternative to the neoclassical economics and social ecology perspectives by employing an approach borrowed from island biogeography to explain the spatial structure of religious diversity. Regression analyses using data from the Glenmary Research Center reveal that the relationship between denomination counts and county population size is strong and consistent over a wide range of southern states. Several interpretations of the data are provided, including an evaluation of positive and negative residuals.
Arthur's Fall
Authors: Armstrong Alan
Published: January 2007

Arthur's fatal fall from his prison wall is a crucial moment in Shakespeare's King John. Rejecting other historical accounts of Arthur's death, Shakespeare chose this most theatrically compelling and technically difficult version, aiming to shock the audience without injuring the boy actor. Modern productions of King John may resort to stylized representations of the event, with descents of a mere step standing for the fall, or with actual leaps made safe by unidentified figures who catch the falling boy. Other performances use technology-assisted illusion to create the appearance of a dangerous fall and of Arthur's body onstage, where his dying words are required. But how did Shakespeare stage Arthur's fall? One otherwise gratuitous detail of Arthur's speech-his ship-boy disguise-holds a clue. The conventional image of the ship-boy included an identifying length of rope carried over his shoulder. An Elizabethan Arthur could have used that "prop" to begin his descent from above, reducing the distance of his fall, while still making an audience gasp in surprise when, suddenly losing his grip, he falls. King John's onstage death seems to confirm this hypothesis by deliberately recalling the iconography of Arthur's fall, in the king's metaphorical comparison of his body to a ship's rigging. The connection is reinforced when the same nautical rope metaphor is continued immediately in a speech delivered over John's body, by the boy actor who now plays the dead king's son Prince Henry, but who earlier had fallen to his death as Arthur.
What Does it Imply? How Does it Apply?: Holiday Editorials in The Reconstructionist, 1935-1955
Authors: Caplan Eric
Published: January 2007

Mordecai Kaplan founded The Reconstructionist to popularize his thought and to show its relevance to issues then facing American Jews. Accordingly, each issue of the magazine opened with a series of editorials in which current events were analyzed from the standpoint of Reconstructionism. This article examines those pieces that appeared before, during, or immediately after the Jewish holidays and generally sought to uncover a festival's relevance to secular life. Editorials of this nature were especially prevalent in the magazine's first twenty years of publication, and the pieces respond to the major events of the day: the rise of Nazism and fascism, World War Two, McCarthyism, and the founding of the State of Israel. They provide a concise picture of Kaplan's social vision and illustrate the interpretive process that he believed was necessary to render Judaism relevant to the modern age. A brief history of The Reconstructionist is included.
Magda Trocme: A Mother Responds, "Hineni!"
Authors: Fox Deborah
Published: January 2007

During World War II, the inhabitants of the plateau Vivarais-Lignon amid the mountains of southeastern France shielded between 2,500 and 5,000 Jews and other refugees. Magda Trocmé, the freethinking wife of a Protestant pastor in the plateau town of Chambon-sur-Lignon, was just one of these many rescuers. However, her response to the Jewish refugees deserves study in two respects. First, her actions were not based on religious principles, but on a perceived duty to another in need. Second, her actions exemplify the feminine qualities of rescue. Magda's sense of duty towards others and her readiness to serve can best be described by the Hebrew concept hineni: "Here I am, send me, I am ready to serve you." An examination of Magda Trocmé's actions and mindset reveals a woman who acted towards others as a mother answering a child's call with "Hineni!"
American Reform Judaism and the Southern Baptist Convention: Responses to Social Trends
Authors: Kaplan Dana Evan , Langston Scott M
Published: January 2007

This article addresses current trends in Reform Judaism by examining the role played by the new platform adopted in 1999 by the Central Conference of American Rabbis. The approval of a new statement of faith by the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), known as the 2000 Baptist Faith and Message, demonstrates a parallel response to the demands of modern society and institutional survival. Yet, in choosing similar responses, the Reform movement and the SBC are seeking to achieve different purposes. Although Reform has tried to reflect the diversity found in American society, the SBC has chosen to stand apart from it, often taking on an adversarial position, while also attempting to transform it. These differing uses suggest that the role of confessions in religious organizations should be re-evaluated.
Eleanor Roosevelt, Liberalism, and Israel
Authors: Mart Michelle
Published: January 2007

Eleanor Roosevelt was a leading American liberal and diplomat after World War II. Historians have long noted her strong support for the State of Israel and have attributed it to the decline of antisemitism, the legacy of the Holocaust, and the Cold War. These factors were significant, but perhaps equally important in understanding her attitudes were her liberalism and her Jewish friends. Israel was an American-style reformist republic, putting into action social programs reminiscent to Eleanor Roosevelt and others of the New Deal. For that reason, liberals in particular were enthusiastic supporters of the new state. In addition, Eleanor Roosevelt's support for Israel was shaped by her intimate relationships with a number of Jews—especially in the postwar period—most of whom supported Israel. The extent to which her Jewish friends and liberal ideals influenced her view of Israel is the subject of this article.
Scientific Fact or Engineering Specification? The U.S. Navy's Experiments on Long-Range Wireless Telegraphy Circa 1910
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang
Published: January 2007

In 1910 and 1913, the U.S. Naval Wireless Telegraphic Laboratory led by Louis Winslow Austin conducted a series of trans-Atlantic tests for the high-power spark-gap and electric-arc dischargers of the navy's Arlington wireless station. The experimental data that were supposed to verify the equipment's engineering specifications led to a scientific fact. Austin and his colleague Louis Cohen synthesized an empirical formula from the data-the "Austin-Cohen formula-that would be an important phenomenological law for the science of radio-wave propagation. The Austin-Cohen formula was transformed from an engineering rule for specific devices into a general fact of nature through the active mediation of the scientifically trained naval experimenters, and such a transformation succeeded because the formula became a crucial empirical reference for the theoretical debate between the surface diffraction hypothesis and the atmospheric reflection hypothesis.
Masterwork Completed
Authors: Hafter Daryl M.
Published: January 2007

Charles Coulston Gillispie has justified his place as dean of historians of science and technology with these two magisterial books. Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, published twenty-five years ago, demonstrates how intellectuals in Paris developed science and technology as the expression of the Enlightenment's use of reason to resolve social problems. Through networks of talented individuals benefiting from state support, experimental information was exchanged and standards developed. The recently published (2004) Science and Polity in France: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Years, shows how the embryonic science became professional as scientists earned a living through their expertise. This volume presents the debate over educational plans submitted to Revolutionary committees. It shows the bumpy adoption of the metric system and the perilous measurement of the Meridian of Paris. And while acknowledging that interchangeable parts and steel making were known, Gillispie asserts that the French Revolution did not create an industrial revolution. Meticulously documented, engagingly written, these volumes are definitive reference works for scholar and general reader alike.
Mr. Harmony and the Events of January 1793: Elizabeth Inchbald's Every One Has His Fault
Authors: Green Katherine Sobba
Published: January 2007

To appreciate the deft control with which Inchbald ventured political material on
the Covent Garden stage, one must read EOHHF against the political events of the
1792Ð93 theatrical season. EOHHF engaged with several tenets proposed in An
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, published by her new friend William Godwin just
weeks after her play took the stage. Thus, Inchbald negotiated a common difficulty of
"Jacobin" sympathizers who could not agree with all the details of reformist zeal. In
particular, EOHHF challenged Godwin's insistence on absolute truth, his repudiation
of marriage as an institution, and his indictment of aristocracy as the root of social
justice.
Richard Foreman and the Ends of an Avant-Garde
Authors: Harries Martin
Published: January 2007

Foreman's recent productions at once rehearse and question some of the central
projects of the twentieth-century avant-garde. Foreman engages the avant-garde faith
in the political force of experimental practices that evoke psychic depth. Examining
some of his theoretical manifestoes and two of his recent productions, Paradise Hotel
(1999) and Now that Communism is Dead, My Life Feels Empty! (2001), this essay argues
that Foreman's staged work interrogates the terms of his theoretical work. In his
theoretical writing, Foreman suggests that his Ontological-Hysteric Theater uses the
theatrical staging of hysterical forms to evoke essential ontological ground. In his
recent productions, the technological apparatus of his plays points instead to a very
different psychic topography, where the depth to which his theater can aspire is that of
the mass cultural media he uses in his intense stagings.
Authentic Possibilities: Plantation Performance of the 1890s
Authors: Webb Barbara L
Published: January 2007

African American theatre history has traditionally been a story of progress in which
real and authentic representations of black culture displace false and coerced ones.
Often, this story finds only a lack of agency or cultural betrayal in black participation
in, and attendance at nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century popular entertainments.
This case study of two plantation-themed shows from the late 1890s, South Before the
War and Black America, argues for an alternative approach. Defining black culture as
that which emerges fromÑrather than exists behindÑcommercial and social constraints
expands the options for interpreting black participation in American theatre
and the complex dynamics that link performance to racial identification.
Selling the Bird: Richard Walton Tully's The Bird of Paradise and the Dynamics of Theatrical Commodification
Authors: Balme Christopher B
Published: January 2007

This article examines Richard Walton Tully's forgotten play The Bird of Paradise (1912) that became a major box-office success for over twelve years before being forced to close due to alleged plagiarism. The play is set in 1890s Hawaii and was a major influence in popularizing Hawaiian performance culture throughout the US and beyond. The article argues that the play's disappearance from theatre historiography is largely due to the discipline's adoption of a modernist privileging of aesthetics, which has largely obscured theatre's impact on cultural history. To rectify such lacunae the article proposes a commodification paradigm that considers theatre and commercially successful plays as cultural commodities rather than as aesthetic objects.
Do You Believe in Fairies?: The Hiss of Dramatic License
Authors: Davis Tracy C.
Published: January 2007

When Peter Pan asks audiences to affirm their belief in fairies in order to revive Tinker Bell, this can be interpreted as an affirmation of the willing suspension of disbelief thought to be an essential condition of theatrical spectating. However, closer analysis of the original 1904 production of Peter Pan, including its variation from conventional pantomime, reveals the intertext of two contemporaneous debates in ethnology: the idea that the last of the fairy folk were departing from Britain, and the more empirical observation that gypsy-tinkers were losing their rural way of life. This reveals Peter Pan's query as a reflection about the status of oppressed groups, and thus less an affirmation of innocence than a referendum on the desirability of modernity. This case study is postulated as an example of dramatic licenseâa previously under-theorized conceptâproposing this as a term with specific referentiality to the theatrical medium, in which a mimetic, intellectual, and ideological problem is explicitly placed before an audience in order to elicit a response.
The Electoral Temptation of Race in South Africa: Implications for the 2004 Election
Authors: Davis Gavin
Published: January 2007

Gavin Davis discusses why those political parties which campaign electorally in South Africa by invoking implicit or explicit racial appeals are more likely to be successful than those which do not.
Social Capital for Africa?
Authors: Fine Ben
Published: January 2007

Ben Fine assesses the utility of the term 'social capital' — what it is, where it has come from, where it is going and what light, if any, it sheds on an understanding of the African condition.
Social Capital and Modernity
Authors: Zuern Elke
Published: January 2007

Elke K Zuern discusses Ben Fine's critique of the current approaches to social capital as outlined in his article in this edition.
Borderless Academe: "Families in Crisis" and A Lie of the Mind
Authors: Gendrich Cynthia , Hattery Angela
Published: January 2007

This article traces the ways in which theatre production, sociology, formal scholarship, teaching, and interdiscipinary thinking fused in a project called "Families in Crisis"-an interdisciplinary study in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and dramaturgy for a production of Sam Shepard's A Lie of the Mind. Here, we draw on our original interviews with eighteen men and women who have experienced IPV, as well as on materials from the play, from the sociological literature on IPV, and from student-actors' responses to the work with these materials. We also detail our class-a service learning course in theatre and sociology-that fused all elements of the study, as well as funneling energy back into the community services organization that provided us with access to battered women and women who batter.
The Productive Postshow: Facilitating, Understanding and Optimizing Personal Narratives in Audience Talk Following A Personal Narrative Performance
Authors: Goodwin Janna
Published: January 2007

By staging the personal narrative and asking people to stay and comment afterwards, the performer and hosting organization can encourage a degree of intimacy and vulnerability in participants unsupported by the formal structure and management of the interactive event. Audience members frequently want to respond to autobiographical material in kind, and it is the contention of the author that the facilitation of such events, if they are to be optimally successful, requires not only careful planning and consideration, but special skills. This article describes a case study in which a facilitative communication research method known as Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) was explored for its potential utility in the community conversation following a personal narrative performance by a woman living with Stage IV breast cancer. The adapted approach was found to afford many benefits, providing a critical orientation to the event and giving the facilitator and other participants a systemic way of drawing connections among stories. The facilitative tools of CMM-circular questions and reflecting team concepts-provide form and focus without agenda, while also helping to distribute, among all who are present, responsibility for maintaining or redirecting that focus. By emphasizing in its use the rules implicit in talk, CMM "teaches" members of a system to listen to one another in a different way and to ask (in new ways) questions of themselves, of one another, and of the text produced in interaction. It helps to give the "unspeakable" a voice.
Present(ing) Historical Memory: Beah Richards' "A Black Woman Speaks," Performance, and a Pedagogy of Whiteness
Authors: Wannamaker Annette
Published: January 2007

This essay discusses the study and in-class performance of Beah Richards' work, "A Black Woman Speaks." It explores teaching "A Black Woman Speaks" in a three-fold way-as a literary text, a cultural text, and as a performance text-and it demonstrates that this combination of pedagogical approaches enhances students' understanding of the complexities of Richards' work. Discussing Richards' work within a historical and cultural context helps to create historical memory and to make visible the ways white and black womanhood have been dependent upon one another for definition throughout history. A performance of the work in class is vital because it places the students/spectators into a position where they must question their own subjectivity and agency. Also, Richards' text and a performance of it, work to enhance a "Pedagogy of Whiteness," an attempt to make whiteness visible as a race and to re-construct whiteness as a site for activism against racism.
Not So Brave a World: The Representation of Human Cloning in Science Fiction for Young Adults
Authors: Crew Hilary S.
Published: January 2007

In analyzing the representation of human cloning in science fiction novels for young adults, Crew makes connections to moral and ethical discourses and to scientific research on human cloning. Crew finds that the majority of novels reproduce concerns about human cloning that are found in government reports including concerns about identity and individuality, unethical experimentation with human subjects, and the risks to family relationships associated with human cloning. Crew concludes that these novels raise important issues, and she emphasizes the value of science fiction novels that creatively present different perspectives on the ethics and science of human cloning for teen readers.
Globalization and Capital Taxation in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies
Authors: Hays Jude C.
Published: January 2007

This article contributes to the growing literature on the role that domestic political institutions play in mediating globalization pressures by arguing that the capital tax constraints arising from international economic integration are the most severe for countries with majoritarian political institutions. In doing so, the author solves a tax puzzle that challenges conventional thinking about how institutions condition the relationship between economic globalization and domestic politics. He presents a formal, game-theoretic model to sharpen the basic logic of his argument and then tests some of the model's predictions empirically using both quantitative and qualitative evidence.
Shock and Awe: Interpretations of the Events of September 11
Authors: Anderson Lisa
Published: January 2007

Scholars have usually understood the problem of democratic consolidation in terms of the creation of mechanisms that make possible the avoidance of populist excesses, polarized conflicts, or authoritarian corporatist inclusion that undermined free politics in much of postwar Latin America. This article makes the case that, under contemporary liberal economic conditions, the nature of the challenge for democratization has changed in important ways. Earlier problems of polarization had their roots in the long-present statist patterns of economic organization. By contrast, under free-market conditions, democratic consolidation faces a largely distinct set of challenges: the underarticulation of societal interests, pervasive social atomization, and socially uneven political quiescence founded in collective action problems. These can combine to undermine the efficacy of democratic representation and, consequently, regime legitimacy. The article utilizes data from the Latin American region since the 1970s on development, economic reform, and individual and collective political participation to show the effects of a changing state-economy relationship on the consolidation of democratic politics.
Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse
Authors: Hale Henry E.
Published: January 2007

Federal states in which component regions are invested with distinct ethnic content are more likely to collapse when they contain acore ethnic region, a single ethnic region enjoying pronounced superiority in population. Dividing a dominant group into multiple federal regions reduces these dangers. A study of world casesfindsthat all ethnofederal states that have collapsed have possessed core ethnic regions. Thus, ethnofederalism, so long as it is instituted without a core ethnic region, may represent a viable way of avoiding the most deadly forms of conflict while maintaining state unity in ethnically divided countries.
The Micropolitics of Social Violence
Authors: King Charles
Published: January 2007

The debates of the 1990s over the causes of and responses to substate conflict were significant and wide ranging; there is now a sizable literature on ethnic conflict and civil war. But this literature makes few connections to long traditions of scholarly theorizing about collective violence in political science and in allied fields. This article examines two recent books by Mark Beissinger and Ashutosh Varshney that help turn mainstream theorizing about mass violence back toward its roots in problems of social order, state-society relations, and group mobilization. They break down the intellectual wall that has grown up between the study of something called “ethnic” or “nationalist conflict” and a long line of work on collective action in political sociology and cognate disciplines. These books are part of a new micropolitical turn in the field:a concern with uncovering the precise mechanisms by which individuals and groups go about trading in the benefits of stability for the inherently risky behavior associated with mass killing. The final section of the article assesses what such a turn might mean for research methods and theory making in comparative politics and international relations as a whole.
Organizing Interests and Coalitions in the Politics of Market Reform in Latin America
Authors: Schneider Ben Ross
Published: January 2007

A recent wave of deep empirical research provides a solid basis for a comparative reassessment of the role of coalitions in the politics of market reform in Latin America in the 1990s. This research confirms earlier findings that interest groups and distributional coalitions were not major protagonists in either antireform or proreform coalitions. The new research goes further empirically into analyzing the origins of interests, especially business interests, and finds them to be much more ambiguous and dynamic than assumed in earlier studies. Consequendy, other factors, especially organizations and the evolving macroeconomic context, were stronger influences on preferences regarding reform. Given the relative weakness of interest group coalitions, the article provides a typology and preliminary analysis of other kinds of coalitions—electoral, legislative, and policy—that have become more central to reform politics. These other types of coalitions still require further theoretical elaboration and empirical investigation in order to determine how they can best be deployed to illuminate reform politics.
A State of Social Discourse
Authors: Pierssens Michel , Barsky Robert F
Published: January 2007

Besides being a unique compendium of fin-de-si�cle French culture and civilization, Marc Angenot's 1889 raises important issues regarding the rationale and methodology of historical reconstruction. The choice of a single year rather than a larger period, the choice of an exhaustive study of discursive possibilities, the refusal of traditional hierarchies between genres, styles, and printed sources: these are ways to create an
entirely new perspective on the nineteenth century as well as new tools for research, so many significant advances that also have some limitations.
Nestin Expression in Adult and Developing Human Kidney
Authors: Bertelli Eugenio , Regoli Marì , Fonzi Luciano , Occhini Rossella , Mannucci Susanna , Ermini Leonardo , Toti Paolo
Published: January 2007

Nestin is considered a marker of neurogenic and myogenic precursor cells. Its arrangement is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which is expressed in murine podocytes. We investigated nestin expression in human adult and fetal kidney as well as CDK5 presence in adult human podocytes. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that adult glomeruli display nestin immunoreactivity in vimentin-expressing cells with the podocyte morphology and not in cells bearing the endothelial marker CD31. Glomerular nestin-positive cells were CDK5 immunoreactive as well. Western blotting of the intermediate filament-enriched cytoskeletal fraction and coimmunoprecipitation of nestin with anti-CDK5 antibodies confirmed these results. Nestin was also detected in developing glomeruli within immature podocytes and a few other cells. Confocal microscopy of experiments conducted with antibodies against nestin and endothelial markers demonstrated that endothelial cells belonging to capillaries invading the lower cleft of S-shaped bodies and the immature glomeruli were nestin immunoreactive. Similar experiments carried out with antibodies raised against nestin and α-smooth muscle actin showed that the first mesangial cells that populate the developing glomeruli expressed nestin. In conclusion, nestin is expressed in the human kidney from the first steps of glomerulogenesis within podocytes, mesangial, and endothelial cells. This expression, restricted to podocytes in mature glomeruli, appears associated with CDK5.