bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure and functional landscape of an RNA polymerase ribozyme
Authors: McRae Ewan , Wan Christopher , Kristoffersen Emil , Hansen Kalinka , Gianni Edoardo , Gallego Isaac , Curran Joseph , Attwater James , Holliger Philipp , Andersen Ebbe
Published: August 2022

The emergence of an RNA molecule capable of replicating itself and other RNA sequences is a central pillar of hypotheses regarding the origin of life. In vitro evolution has yielded polymerase ribozymes (PR) that can copy a range of RNA templates using nucleotide or trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates and may give rise to a replicase activity. However, our understanding of PR function is encumbered by a lack of structural information beyond the progenitor class I ligase (cIL) ribozyme. Here, we report the structure of the complete 5TU+t1 triplet polymerase ribozyme (TPR) apoenzyme and map its structure / function landscape. The TPR is an RNA heterodimer, comprising a catalytic (5TU) and a catalytically inactive (t1) subunit held together by two kissing loop interactions and its overall structure resembles a left hand with thumb and fingers at a 70° angle. While the 5TU subunit shows partial structural homology to the cIL, the t1 accessory subunit - despite sharing the same progenitor - exhibits a dramatically reorganized secondary and tertiary structure. Our combined structural and functional data suggest a model for templated RNA synthesis by the TPR holoenzyme and provide a foundation for a better understanding of RNA’s potential for self-replication.
A Calligraphy Exercise for Improving Upper Limb Functions in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Pilot Randomized Control Study
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu Xiaodi , Qiao Jun , Chen Nan , Wu Xie
Published: August 2022

Background: Self-administered rehabilitation exercises can improve upper limb (UL) function in stroke patients, but their effects depend on successful integration of fundamental principles of neurorehabilitation. This study aimed to validate the effect of a modified calligraphy exercise for improving UL function in subacute stroke patients. Methods: 30 subacute stroke patients were randomized into experimental and control groups. Patients in the experimental group received three-week calligraphy interventions. Patients in the control group received education protocol. Fugl-Meyer Assessment for UL (FMA-UL), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) assessment were performed before and after the interventions.Results: Both groups got significantly higher FMA-UL scores after the interventions (P < 0.001), but no significant improvement was found in the DASH assessment in the experimental (P = 0.336) or the control group (P = 0.024). For the MBI assessment, significant improvements after the interventions were found in the experimental (P = 0.001) and the control groups (P < 0.001). It was also found that patients in the experimental group had significantly better performance in the post-intervention FMA-UL assessment than patients in the control group (P = 0.001). However, patients in the experimental group did not get significantly higher scores in the post-intervention MBI assessment than patients in the control group (P = 0.243).Conclusions: The outcomes indicated that the modified calligraphy exercise improved the motor impairments in the patients’ UL, suggesting its potential as a self-administered exercise for facilitating UL function recovery in subacute stroke patients.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on Feb. 4, 2021, and was assigned of a trial registration number: ChiCTR2100043036.
TBTA-D2Net: a novel hyperspectral image classification method based on triple-branch ternary-attention mechanism and improved dense2Net
Authors: Tang Ting , Pan Xin , Luo Xiaoling , Gao Xiaojing , Yan Weihong
Published: August 2022

In recent years, hyperspectral image (HSI) classification methods based on deep learning with few samples have received extensive attention. To extract more discriminative HSI features and prevent the network from degradation due to deepening, this paper proposed a network based on the triple-branch ternary-attention mechanism and improved dense2Net (TBTA-D2Net) for HSI classification. In this paper, the spatial information is taken as a two-dimensional vector, and the spectral features, spatial-X features, and spatial-Y features are extracted separately in three branches. A dense2Net bottleneck module and an attention module are designed on each of these three branches. Finally, the features extracted from the three branches are fused for classification. To evaluate the effectiveness of the TBTA-D2Net algorithm, experiments are conducted on three publicly available hyperspectral datasets, Indian Pines (IP), Pavia University (UP), and Salinas Valley (SV). The experimental results show that in the case of the small proportion of training samples, the TBTA-D2Net algorithm performs better than the other comparative algorithms in classification. The overall classification accuracy of OA improved by an average of 1.55%-4.12% over the second-best algorithm.
Graphene Saturable Absorber Mirror for Passive Mode-locking of Mid-Infrared QCLs
Authors: Outafat Amine , Faci Salim , Richalot Elodie , Protat Stéphane , Algani Catherine
Published: August 2022

Passive mode-locking in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) remains one of the huge challenges because of the fast relaxation time of the excited carriers which is typically in the range of sub-picoseconds. The use of conventional techniques such as the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is inefficient because the spatial hole burning effect dominates the carrier dynamics. To overcome this effect, longitudinal transition structures with relaxation time around \(50 \mathrm{ps}\) were proposed. However, mode-locking is assured with an external modulation at a cavity roundtrip frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate that a single-layer graphene used as a saturable absorber permits to generate stable pulses in such structures. The graphene is integrated with a highly reflective mirror to increase the internal electric field and achieve the saturation intensity. The dynamic of the QCL is modeled with Maxwell-Bloch equations and the graphene layer with Maxwell-Ampere equation. This system of equations is solved using the one-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To model the graphene layer of \(0.33 \mathrm{nm}\) thickness, a specific sub-cell is implemented using Maloney method. Simulation results show a generation of isolated pulses with a peak electric field of \(80 \mathrm{\frac{MV}{m}}\) and a duration of \(51 \mathrm{fs}\). The mode-locking remains stable for the QCL with a vertical transition having a relaxation time below \(5 \mathrm{ps}\).
Preoperative planning of compact zone trajectory is necessary in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with endplate involvement: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Hung Pei-I , Chou Po-Hsin , Lin Hsi-Hsien , Wang Shih-Tien , Chang Ming-Chau
Published: August 2022

Background Treatment strategy focusing on osteoporotic vertebral body and endplate fracture is not emphasized. This prospective randomized controlled study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between reduction methods with or without compact trabecular bone during percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Methods 100 patients who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty were randomly divided into groups A (the guide pin and balloon were introduced into fracture site directly) and B (the guide pin and balloon were inserted away from the fracture site). Surgical duration, clinical and radiological outcomes at postoperative and follow-up, and complication of cement leakage and adjacent fracture were recorded. Patients were followed up for an average of 20.18 months. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Both groups had similar patient demographics. Two groups had similar operation time and injected cement volume. The method of elevating the collapsed endplate indirectly had no significant influence on radiological outcomes, however, there was significant influence on decreasing intradiscal cement leakage and postoperative functional outcomes at 1-month and 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Elevating and reinforcing the collapsed endplate rather than just fulfilling the defect during percutaneous kyphoplasty is a safe and more effective way in pain and functional improvement with lower rates of further collapse in the osteoporotic vertebral fractures with endplate destruction.
“I'm putting a Band-Aid on a bullet hole the only way I know how:” Barriers and facilitators of opioid use and recovery in Nevada
Authors: Swigart Tessa , Lee Lisa
Published: August 2022

Nevada, like the rest of the United States, is undergoing substantial challenges with opioid use disorder (OUD), further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While much of the attention around substance use is centered on treatment and recovery, it is important to understand the factors that influence initiation of use, and the function substances play in people’s everyday lives. We conducted qualitative semi-structured individual interviews using purposive and snowball sampling among 35 people across Nevada with a current or prior history of OUD. Our questions were developed to capture why people start to use drugs, why they continue to use, what motivates them to continue to use or to seek treatment, and why individuals maintain recovery or return to use. We found five significant emergent themes: that trauma is a risk factor for drug misuse; that the function of opioids in everyday life is a source of temporary relief but also highly disruptive; that recovery is most often a complicated and nonlinear process; that there are many barriers to accessing services that are both logistical and psychosocial; and that compassion, hope, and having a sense of purpose are crucial to the recovery process. In this paper, we intentionally provided ample space to elevate the voices of people with lived experience using opioids. The narratives portray opioid use as a rational choice to escape the emotional ramifications of trauma. However, due to the physiological dependence and physical risk of opioids, drug policies that criminalize addiction, societal stigma toward people who use drugs (PWUDs), and the barriers to timely access of harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services, PWUDs become trapped in a distressing cycle. Lastly, respondents indicated that hope, value, belonging, and purpose are powerful factors in cultivating intrinsic motivation for making positive changes in one’s life and fostering resilience.
Development and evaluation of recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay for detecting Schistosoma haematobium gene in urine samples
Authors: Zhao Song , Zhang Qiaoqiao , Wang Xinyao , Li Wei , Juma Saleh , Zhang Jianfeng , Yang Kun
Published: August 2022

Background: A sensitive assay to diagnose S. haematobium infection (which causes urogenital schistosomiasis) is needed to improve control and elimination interventions. However, the sensitivity of immunological diagnostic methods and other methods (such as reagent strip testing to detect microhematuria and microscopy-based egg counting) for detecting S. haematobium infection is low. Therefore, we aimed to develop a rapid and specific assay based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) for surveillance and subsequent control of S. haematobium infection in low-endemic areas, evaluate its sensitivity and specificity, and validate its diagnostic performance using urine samples from infected individuals. Methods: Using a mitochondrial COX1 gene fragment of S. haematobium , we designed a fluorescent probe according to the principle of RAA, and then established and optimized a reaction system for use in an RAA assay. We also assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the RAA assay and validated its diagnostic performance (compared to microscopy-based egg counting) using urine samples from imported patients with light (<50 eggs/10mL urine) and heavy (≥50 eggs/10mL urine) S. haematobium infection loads and negative controls. Results: The established RAA assay (at 39°C in 20 minutes) could detect as little as 10 copies/μL of S. haematobium recombinant plasmid and had no cross-reaction with Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma japonicum, Ancylostoma duodenale , Clonorchis sinensis , Echinococcus granulosus , or Ascaris lumbricoides . The validation of the RAA assay showed that it had 100% consistency with microscopy-based egg counting.Conclusion: As it is simple to use and has high sensitivity and specificity, the RAA assay for S. haematobium can be used in field diagnostics to support urogenital schistosomiasis control and elimination in Africa and regions with imported cases.
Surface fractal analysis of the pore structure in natural and heat-treated spruce wood cell walls using nitrogen adsorption/desorption test
Authors: Gao Yiqin , Wang Mingjie , Li Yuanyuan , Li Li , Chen Yao
Published: August 2022

Surface fractal dimension evaluates the internal surface complexity of pores in a wide range of materials. Unfortunately, the scale-dependent property of surface fractal in the pore structure of natural and heat-treated wood remains unclear. In this study, derived from the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) fractal model and the Neimark fractal model, a comprehensive surface fractal analysis of the pore structure of natural and heat-treated wood was carried out based on nitrogen adsorption/desorption data. The results showed that two regions were identified as surface fractal, i.e., the pores with diameters less than 10 nm (Region 1) and the pores with diameters larger than 10 nm (Region 2). The scale-dependent property of two fractal regions was not affected by the different heat treatment atmospheres. The FHH and Neimark surface fractal dimensions of the pores in Region 1 were 2.079–2.155 and 2.780–2.940, respectively, and showed an obvious difference. The FHH and Neimark surface fractal dimensions of the pores in Region 2 were 2.481–2.536 and 2.413–2.551, respectively, and showed a slight difference. In addition, the FHH surface fractal dimensions of the pores in Region 2 had a positive relationship with the rate of early-stage moisture absorption. These findings are expected to evaluate the relationship between the transport properties and the pore structure in wood cell walls through the surface fractal dimension.
Multi-Peak and Bright-Dark Solitary Wave Solutions of Higher-Order Dispersive Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations and their Applications
Authors: Li Yue , Arshad Muhammad , Lu Dianchen , Xu Xu , Hussain Naveed
Published: August 2022

In mathematical physics, the Schrödinger equations have very important applications in Quantum mechanics, transmission lines, and optical fibers. The higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) having higher-order dispersion, nonlinearity and cubic-quintic terms illustrates the propagation in optical fibers of enormously short pulses. In this paper, we construct the wave solutions of the higher-order NLSE with cubic-quintic dispersion and generalized second-order spatiotemporal dispersive NLSE by using the modified exponential rational function method (MERFM). As results, narrative solitons solutions in different forms are obtained, such as bright-dark solitons, trigonometric function, hyperbolic function, rational function, exponential function, singular solutions etc. The constructed results are compared with existing solutions in the literature which confirm that some have not been found in previous studies and their structures play an important role to explain a lot of physical phenomenon. Moreover, the structures of the newly obtained solutions are described by given appropriate parameters, and some interesting and novel graphs are obtained, which are helpful to explain the complicated physical phenomena of these nonlinear models. As consequence show the predominant and effectiveness of MERFM, which is also suitable for solving similar mathematical and physical models in other fields.
Identification of hybrid tuliptree and parental species by near infrared hyperspectral imaging （NIR-HSI） spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Zhenan , Wu Haoqi , Gao Handong , Xue Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

Hybrid tuliptree (Liriodendron sion-americanum P.C. Yieh ex Shang et Z.R. Wang) has good wood quality and been widely used in furniture and other fields. Compared with parental species, hybrid tuliptree displayed faster growth rate, better wood quality and wider adaptability. But the morphological properties of hybrid tuliptree and parental species are highly similar, its identification has become an urgent problem. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) technique to identify hybrid tuliptree, Chinese tuliptree, and tuliptree. For this purpose, the building models were carried out using Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) after different data treatment. The results demonstrated that NIR-HSI spectroscopy combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) treatment and SVM model can achieve the highest prediction accuracy (100%). This study shows that NIR-HSI technique has great potential in the genus Liriodendron identification and is suitable for classifying highly similar woods.
Hybrid Lightweight Attribute-Based Security Scheme for Fog-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Lachure Jaykumar , Doriya Rajesh
Published: August 2022

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) combines resources from both physical and cyberspace. A typical CPS system is like a Water Distribution System (WDS) composed of different sensors, actuators, logical programming controllers, and grid systems. Cloud computing provides on-demand computing services and data, but suffers from latency and security issues between devices. The devices in CPS are power-constrained and perform real-time operations; therefore, authentication of these devices is crucial for ensuring secure communication between the instruments and control room. The lightweight Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) helps to provide authentication between the device and fog-enabled controller rooms. The proposed Hybrid Lightweight Attribute-Based Security Scheme helps to provide authentication and signature verification with significantly less computational and communication overhead. Thus, the model helps to save energy and works in real-time. The model is also tested with a different brain-pool curve list to determine which curve list performs better and faster.
Utilization of Diabetes Self-Management Program among Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Using 2006-2019 Texas Medicare Data
Authors: Lee Wei-Chen , Digbeu Biai Dominique Elmir , Serag Hani , Sallam Hanaa , Kuo Yong-Fang
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Cancer treatment is associated with inferior health outcomes such as diabetes. Medicare provides Diabetes Self-Management Training (DSMT) program to beneficiaries to achieve normal metabolic control and reduce the risk of micro and macro-vascular complications. This study aimed to examine the trend of DSMT utilization among cancer survivors and assess individual characteristics associated with DSMT utilization.
Methods: The data for this study was from Texas Cancer Registry-Medicare linkage data with prostate, breast, or colorectal cancer diagnosed in 1999-2017. Outcome variables include the number of first-time DSMT users, the number of total users, and the average number of DSMT utilization in minutes. We performed logistic regression and gamma regression to obtain multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the association between DSMT utilization and individual characteristics.
Results: The number of first-time users has slowly increased but suddenly dropped after 2016. The number of all users (first-time and follow-up users) has increased and remained plateau after 2016. Determinants including Hispanic ethnicity and Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility are positively associated with both initiation and retention of DSMT. Barrier to both initiation and retention of DSMT is living in a metropolitan area.
Conclusions: Multi-level strategies to enhance accessibility and availability of DSMT programs for Medicare beneficiaries are highly recommended.
Implication to Cancer Survivors: Examining the DSMT utilization over 14 years provides insights on how to strengthen utilization to reduce burden of diabetes on cancer survivors.
Dye adsorption performance of nanocellulose beads with different carboxyl group content
Authors: Xue Jianghua , Zhu Enwen , Zhu Hengfeng , Liu Dongning , Shi Zhuqun , Xiong Chuanxi , Yang Quanling
Published: August 2022

The problems caused by water pollution are increasingly serious, wastewater contains a lot of heavy metal ions, textile dyes, medicines, etc. However, most adsorption materials usually face problems such as inefficient recycling, high cost, and secondary pollution. As a natural polymer, cellulose has low cost, degradability and good biocompatibility. In this work, by changing the addition amount of sodium hypochlorite during 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation, nanocellulose with different carboxyl content could be prepared, which is expected to be a good high-efficiency cationic adsorbent due to its rich in hydroxyl groups on the surface and negatively charged. Then the calcium chloride solution was used as the cross-linking agent to prepare nanocellulose beads (TOCNB) by the dropping solidification method. As the content of carboxyl groups increases, the Zeta potential value of the nanocellulose dispersion became increasingly negative. The nanocellulose beads all presented a good three-dimensional network porous structure. With the increase of carboxyl group content, the specific surface area increases from 173 m2 g− 1 to 367 m2 g− 1, and the adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) also gradually strengthened. The saturated adsorption capacity of TOCNB on MB was calculated as high as 925.93 mg g− 1. The nano cellulose bead was a cationic adsorbent with highly efficient adsorption and adjustable specific surface area, and the preparation method was simple, fast, efficient and green.
A network pharmacology study to determine the integrated application of dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids and gut microbiota against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Oh Ki-Kwang , Gupta Haripriya , Ganesan Raja , Sharma Satya Priya , Won Sung-Min , Jeong Jin-Ju , Lee Su-Been , Cha Min-Gi , Kwon Goo-Hyun , Jeong Min-Kyo , Min Byeong-Hyun , Hyun Ji-Ye , Eom Jung-A , Park Hee-Jin , Yoon Sang-Jun , Choi Mi-Ran , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki-Tae
Published: August 2022

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been issued in a wide range of complicated progressive interruption such as steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a key therapy to unravel the progressive diseases associated with NAFLD has not been established completely among taking many of the potential compounds. In the context of the unfinished project, we comprised metabolites of gut microbiota (endogenous species) and dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids (exogenous species) known as potent antioxidant, antiinflammation, and anticancer, in search for combinatorial effects via network pharmacology analysis.
Results
We identified the 668 overlapping targets related to metabolites from gut microbiota between SEA and STP; and we selected 14 out of 16 flavonoids because the 2 flavonoids were violated by Lipinski’s rule. The flavonoids’ targets were 112, compared with the 668 overlapping targets to identify the significant targets. Then, we identified the final 47 intersecting targets against NAFLD. On PPI networks, both VEGFA and AKT1 had the highest degree value, which were considered as hub targets against NAFLD. In bubble chart, cAMP signaling pathway was a key mode to be functioned as inhibitive mechanism. On the networks of microbiota (or natural products)-metabolites-targets-key signaling pathway, Enterococcus sp. 45, Escherichia sp.12, Escherichia sp.33, and Bacterium MRG-PMF-1 as key microbiota; flavonoid-rich products as key natural resources; luteolin, and myricetin as key metabolites (or dietary flavonoids); CFTR, PIK3R1, and AKT1 as key targets are potential key components to treat NAFLD, by suppressing cAMP signaling pathway.
Conclusion
In this study, we suggested that four components (microbiota, metabolites, targets, and a key signaling pathway) and dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids can be exerted combinatorial pharmacological effects against NAFLD.
LPS infection augmented ROS accumulation regulates inflammation and apoptosis via Erk1/2MAPK/Akt/NF-κB pathways in keratinocytes after 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide challenge
Authors: Sagar Satish , Kumari Golden , Parida Soumya Ranjan , Pal Arttatrana
Published: August 2022

A monofunctional analog of sulfur mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES) is a well-known chemical warfare agent that induces vesicles/blisters on cutaneous toxicity in exposed individuals. However, gram-negative bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection with CEES exposure enhances the keratinocytes injury remains unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of LPS infection augmented the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation triggered the expression of inflammatory mediators, leading to membrane damage, disruption of cell-cell comunication and apoptosis via Erk1/2MAPK/Akt/ NF-κB pathways after CEES challenge in keratinocytes. Our results showed that LPS infection with CEES exposure increased the intracellular superoxide (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (OH·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Further, accumulated ROS activated Erk1/2MAPK, Akt, tuberin-mTOR and NF-κB in keratinocytes. The activated NF-κB stimulates inflammatory mediators, which was subsequently subdued lipids and proteins damage leading to crash the cell-cell communication and apoptosis. Protection against LPS infection with CEES toxicity could also be performed by blocking of ROS accumulation with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or Erk1/2MAPK or Akt inhibitors, which inhibited the intracellular redox-sensitive signaling pathways, inflammation, cell-cell communication and apoptosis. These results illustrated that accumulated ROS in keratinocyte cells function as a key NF-κB signaling pathway via Erk1/2MAPK/Akt/tuberin-mTOR regulatory signaling cascades induced by CEES exposure after LPS infection, leading to inflammation, loss of cell-cell communication and apoptosis, which was attenuated by antioxidant NAC or Erk1/2MAPK or Akt inhibitors. Moreover, the protective effects of all these inhibitors might provide the basis for the development of a therapeutic strategy to work against exposure to CEES with bacterial endotoxin infection.
Control Algorithm for 6 kW Hall Thruster
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshiki , Watanabe Hiroki , Cho Shinatora , Funaki Ikkoh , Kusawake Hiroaki , Kajiwara Kazuhiro , Kurokawa Fujio , Takahashi Toru
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a control algorithm for ensuring the stable operation of a 6 kW Hall thruster. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is developing a “wide-range” power processing unit (PPU) to power a 6 kW Hall thruster system, a candidate for all-electric satellites. The PPU provides discharge oscillation, power, and discharge current control. The increments in the control loop are fixed, so the PPU digital controller does not need to calculate them, and the algorithm's computational complexity is minimal. Results of integration tests on the 6 kW Hall thruster and the PPU breadboard model showed that the three control functions run correctly. The total controlled PPU power was adjusted in the range of 3.45–3.55 kW under constant power control with a target of 3.5 kW. Oscillations of ±0.05 kW around the target power are acceptable. Discharge oscillation control decreased the number of 0.1 ms segments with amplitudes exceeding 1.5 A from 700 to 0 by changing the coil current. The PPU successfully controlled the coil current, reducing the discharge current from 13.7 A to 13 A. The propulsion efficiency increased from 59% to 60.5%.
Development of chloroplast derived SSR markers for genus Allium and their characterization in the allies for genetic improvement of alliums
Authors: Jayaswall Kuldip , Sharma Himanshu , Bhandawat Abhishek , Sagar R. , Jayaswal Deepanshu , Kumar Akash , Sharma Isha , Chaturvedi Pratibha , Manjunathagowda Dalasanuru Chandregowda , Mahajan Vijay , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Major
Published: August 2022

Alliums are the most popular for their culinary usage and nutraceutical benefits. Their productions are greatly affected by the multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Poor characterizations of genetic resources are the major bottleneck in genetic improvement of alliums. Chloroplast derived simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) have recently gained much popularity due to their maternal inheritance and low recombination along with their hypervariable nature. In this study, 22 chloroplast-derived SSR markers were produced from chloroplast genomes of A. cepa and A. sativum. Repeat comparison revealed tri nucleotide repeats were in higher proportion (50%) compared to other repeat motifs. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4, heterozygosity from 0.009 to 0.540, and PIC from 0.007 to 0.427. The polymorphism survey and clustering of twenty-two cpSSR markers of twenty-five alliums, lead to three groups (groups I, II, and III), indicated the usefulness of these cpSSR markers. This demonstrated that cultivated A. cepa and A. sativum belong to different groups II than most wild alliums, confirming the usefulness of the AccpSSR and AscpSSR markers that will allow introduction of desirable biotic and abiotic tolerance traits from various wild alliums to selected cultivated alliums. In addition, these cpSSRs were validated in 79 alliums, divided them into three groups using Jaccard dissimilarity and Bayesian model-based structure analysis. Subsequent clustering allowed us to identify diverse alliums, for constructing core collection of germplasm resource. The study will be useful for molecular breeding and genomic selection based crop improvement.
Performance Analysis of Low Power Interior PMSM with different magnet Topology in Rotor Using FEM
Authors: Naik Supriya , Bag Baidyanath , Chandrasekaran Kandasamy
Published: August 2022

Study and performances analysis of magnet design on rotor surface of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) based on finite element method (FEM) is presented. Three-phase PMSM has been investigated and numerical simulation performed using FEM with the aid of ANSYS Maxwell 2018.1 software. This research presents the positional variation of permanent magnets and their effects on the performance of the three-phase PMSM. The FEM is used as a technique for simulation besides the possibility of dealing with nonlinear equations. The PMSM involves a complex electromagnetic reaction, the authors used the ANSYS program to analyze and represent the performance of the motor under variable conditions. The case studied in this proposal is for three phases 220V, 50Hz, 0.55kW PMSM. Five rotor topologies namely, (i) spoke/tangential, (ii) saturable bridge/ U-shape (iii) V-shape (iv) radial, and (v) segmented bridge permanent magnet (PM) rotor is considered in the study. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a variety of rotor designs with different positions of magnets on efficiency, phase current, air gap magnetic flux density, and torque of PMSM. The ANSYS software has been used to model and simulate all topologies considered. In addition to the overall efficiency at steady state, electromagnetic and mechanical parameters are evaluated for each topology and comparative results are reported. The developed 2-D model shows the magnetic field distribution and performance of operational parameters under transient and steady-state conditions. The rotor shape with the smallest magnet volume is highly affecting the torque, magnetic flux, efficiency, and torque ripple. Radial force distribution with demagnetization of PM is also studied and results are reported. The obtained results show that significant changes in motor performance because of variation of PM design.
Intestinal parasitic infection, anemia and B12 deficiency among schoolchildren in Nigeria: an epidemiological study
Authors: Blessing Amisu Olawunmi , John Okesanya Olalekan , Olabode Olaleke Noah , Omolade Ologun Celina , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Oluwafunmilayo Ogunwale Victoria , Racheal Ayeni Ahuoyiza , Manirambona Emery
Published: August 2022

Background:Intestinal parasites,anemia and B12 deficiency are common public health problems among school-aged children, especially in a rural settlements predisposing them to several health problems and other diseases. This research assesses the parasitic infections among children under 12 years, anemia and micronutrient deficiency of the participants.Methods:This epidemiological study included 150 primary school children from 3 schools randomly selected in Elemere, a poor rural area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Their stool were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. 5ml venous blood was extracted to check forHb levels. Vitamin B12 levels of the anemic participants were determined using ELISA.Results:The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 24%, with the most common parasite asAscarisat 94.4%. Those having anemia (Hb<11.9g/dL) was 28.7%. Parasitic infection was significantly associated with hemoglobin level0.000at P-value <0.005. 30.2% of anemic participants had B12 deficiency.Conclusion:Intestinal parasites, especiallyAscariasisare highly prevalent among the school-aged children studied. Anemia is also highly prevalent with a significant association to the presence of intestinal parasites. Vitamin B12 deficiency is high among the anemic children. Further investigation needs to be carried out to determine if any relationship exists between the three variables among the population studied.
Social Adaptability Capacity of High School Students:Current Status and Influencing Factors
Authors: Nguyen My Linh Thi , Nguyen Cong Khanh
Published: August 2022

This study presents the survey results of 790 students of six high schools in Hanoi on social adaptability competence, which is one of the four components of social intelligence. The survey results on the current situation of social adaptability capacity show that majority of students have correct and appropriate adaptability behaviors. The majority of students rated their own social copping performance (graded by scores) from average to good (84.3%). However, there is still a significant part of high school students with weak or negative adaptability behaviors, belonging to the group of low social adaptability ability (15.7%). The survey results also found a number of factors that significantly affect the level of this ability of students. This result contributes to providing useful information in the development of educational programs and is a reliable database for generating educational solutions to improve the social adaptability capacity of high school students.
Time Series Stock Market Predictions Using Time Interval Triggered Flag Attribute Model Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kalva Sudhakar , S Naganjaneyulu
Published: August 2022

Despite being one of the most widely used techniques of financial management, stocks have drawn increasing numbers of investors during recent years. A substantial degree of risk is involved in buying stocks. The foremost concern for investors is how to minimise risks and maximise returns. One of the most common issues in the stock market is predicting a company's stock value. Volatility in individual profits and the health of the economy are negatively impacted by fluctuations in stock prices. One of the most widely held beliefs among humans is that investing in stock markets, which are supposed to produce excellent outcomes, is one of the finest ways to generate money. Volatility in stock market prices can occur for a variety of causes. It fosters an environment of uncertainty, which discourages constructive investment. Stock markets are notorious for their volatility. Those who are directly or indirectly involved in stock markets should be aware of it. It is necessary to create an intelligent system that can make forecasts based on a variety of indications such as fundamental, statistical, and technical trends. However, no single good predictive model has ever been able to consistently outperform market patterns. Traditionally, predictions for time series data have been made based on previous data and market trends, as well as historical correlation data and projections. Above all, there is no system that calculates projections based on a user's choice of investment type and risk tolerance. The main focus of this research work is on predicting stock market price changes. Instead of looking at daily changes, this research examines the price trend over specific time intervals by identifying turning points. To determine the increasing trend of price change, deep neural network model is used for accurate predictions. In this research work, an Efficient Time Series Stock Market Predictions using Time Interval Triggered Flag Attribute Model (ETSSMP-TITFA) using deep learning is proposed that predicts the lower bound and upper bound of stock market price predictions of multiple companies. The proposed model is contrasted with the traditional models and the results represent that the proposed model performance is better.
Face Super-Resolution via Multi-Scale Feature Fusion
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Chen Zhenxue , Cao Jiaqian , Sun Luna , Wang Wencheng
Published: August 2022

Due to equipment limitations, faces collected by public monitoring platforms often have low resolution. To solve this problem, a face super-resolution model based on deep learning with multi-scale feature fusion is proposed. The low-resolution faces will be processed by this model to obtain faces with high definition, which greatly improves recognition rates. This model preprocesses the input face and then performs super-resolution reconstruction at multiple scales. At the same time, it uses the improved UNET structure to collect high-dimensional information of face images of different scales and returns to the preprocessed image for super-resolution reconstruction. It uses both high and low-frequency information efficiently and adopts a residual attention fusion module to focus on human facial features. The results show that the super-resolution face built by this model has greatly improved clarity, clearer features, and richer detail. The model is also faster than others with similar reconstruction effects.
Krylov complexity of many-body localization: Operator localization in Krylov basis
Authors: Ballar Trigueros Fabian , Lin Cheng-Ju
Published: August 2022

We study the operator growth problem and its complexity in the
many-body localization (MBL) system from the Lanczos algorithm
perspective. Using the Krylov basis, the operator growth problem can be
viewed as a single-particle hopping problem on a semi-infinite chain
with the hopping amplitudes given by the Lanczos coefficients.
We find that, in the MBL systems, the Lanczos coefficients scale as
\sim n/\ln(n)∼n/ln(n)
asymptotically, same as in the ergodic systems, but with an additional
even-odd alteration and an effective randomness. We use a simple linear
extrapolation scheme as an attempt to extrapolate the Lanczos
coefficients to the thermodynamic limit. With the original and
extrapolated Lanczos coefficients, we study the properties of the
emergent single-particle hopping problem via its spectral function,
integrals of motion, Krylov complexity, wavefunction profile and return
probability. Our numerical results of the above quantities suggest that
the emergent single-particle hopping problem in the MBL system is
localized when initialized on the first site. We also study the operator
growth in the MBL phenomenological model, whose Lanczos coefficients
also have an even-odd alteration, but approach constants asymptotically.
The Krylov complexity grows linearly in time in this case.
Field Theory of Interacting Boundary Gravitons
Authors: Ebert Stephen , Hijano Eliot , Kraus Per , Monten Ruben , Myers Richard M.
Published: August 2022

Pure three-dimensional gravity is a renormalizable theory with two
free parameters labelled by GG
and \LambdaΛ.
As a consequence, correlation functions of the boundary stress tensor in
AdS_33
are uniquely fixed in terms of one dimensionless parameter, which is the
central charge of the Virasoro algebra. The same argument implies that
AdS_33
gravity at a finite radial cutoff is a renormalizable theory, but now
with one additional parameter corresponding to the cutoff location. This
theory is conjecturally dual to a T\overline{T}TT¯-deformed
CFT, assuming that such theories actually exist. To elucidate this, we
study the quantum theory of boundary gravitons living on a cutoff planar
boundary and the associated correlation functions of the boundary stress
tensor. We compute stress tensor correlation functions to two-loop order
(GG
being the loop counting parameter), extending existing tree level
results. This is made feasible by the fact that the boundary graviton
action simplifies greatly upon making a judicious field redefinition,
turning into the Nambu-Goto action. After imposing Lorentz invariance,
the correlators at this order are found to be unambiguous up to a single
undetermined renormalization parameter.
Quantum dynamics in 1D lattice models with synthetic horizons
Authors: Morice Corentin , Chernyavsky Dmitry , van Wezel Jasper , van den Brink Jeroen , Moghaddam Ali
Published: August 2022

We investigate the wave packet dynamics and
eigenstate localization in recently proposed generalized lattice models whose low-energy dynamics mimics a quantum field theory in (1+1)D curved spacetime with the aim of creating systems analogous to black holes. We identify a critical slowdown of zero-energy wave packets in a family of 1D tight-binding models with power-law variation of the hopping parameter, indicating the presence of a horizon. Remarkably, wave packets with non-zero energies bounce back and reverse direction before reaching the horizon.
We additionally observe a power-law localization of all eigenstates, each bordering a region of exponential suppression. These forbidden regions dictate the closest possible approach to the horizon of states with any given energy.
These numerical findings are supported by a semiclassical description of the wave packet trajectories, which are shown to coincide with the geodesics expected for the effective metric emerging from the considered lattice models in the continuum limit.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI KARARNAMELERİNE İLİŞKİN SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: KESER Hayri
Published: August 2022

2017 yılında yapılan Anayasa değişikliği ile Türk Tipi Başkanlık sistemi kabul edilmiş ve Anayasanın 104/17. maddesi ile Cumhurbaşkanına, yürütme yetkisine ilişkin konularda Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi (CBK) çıkarma yetkisi tanınmıştır. Böylelikle Cumhurbaşkanı, yürütme yetkisi alanı içerisinde yer alan tüm konularda CBK çıkarma yetkisi ile donatılmıştır. CBK'lar olağan ve olağanüstü dönemlerde olmak üzere iki şekilde çıkarılabilmektedir. Olağan dönem CBK’ların hukuki rejimi Anayasanın 104/17. maddesinde, olağanüstü dönemlerde çıkarılacak CBK’lar ise Anayasanın 119/6-7. maddelerinde düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca CBK’lara ilişkin düzenlemeler Anayasanın özel hükümlerine de serpiştirilmiştir. Türk Tipi Başkanlık sistemi anlayışı ile kuvvetler arasında sert ve net ayrılık benimsenmiştir. Bu yönü ile Cumhurbaşkanına tek başına kararname çıkarma yetkisi tanınmıştır. Bakanlar kurulu, Cumhurbaşkanlığı kabinesi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bakanların Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından atanması ve görevlerine son verilmesi kabul edilmiş, bakanların parlamentoya karşı bireysel ve kolektif sorumluğu kaldırılmıştır. Parlamento üyesinin bakan olarak atanması halinde parlamento üyeliği düşmekte ve parlamento çalışmalarına katılımları sona ermektedir. Dolayısı ile bakanlar kurulunun kanun önerme yetkisi de kalkmıştır. Halk tarafından seçilen Cumhurbaşkanı, yürütmenin tek hâkim unsuru haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca Cumhurbaşkanın seçim vasıtasıyla işbaşına gelmesi, gücünü, dayanağını ve meşruluğunu halktan alması anlamına da gelmektedir. Cumhurbaşkanının CBK çıkarabilmesi için parlamento tarafından yetkilendirilmesine gerek yoktur.
Neurofibromatosis segmentaria, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Dufflart Ocampo Juan David , Armendariz Barragán Yonatan , Ruiz Gómez Daniela , Sáenz Corral Claudia Ileana , Toussaint Caire Sonia , Vega Memija María Elisa
Published: August 2022

Introducción: la neurofibromatosis es un desorden genético, que afecta el crecimiento de tejidos neurales, con una incidencia de 1 en 4 000 personas, con impacto en la esperanza de vida por su asociación con neoplasias y enfermedad vascular. La neurofibromatosis segmentaria es una variante de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1, con una incidencia aproximada de 1 en 20 000 a 25,000 personas, se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas que afectan un segmento corporal sin cruzar la línea media. Generalmente no tienen historia familiar ni compromiso sistémico. Caso clínico: paciente de sexo femenino de 63 años con dermatosis que afecta el tronco posterior de manera unilateral a nivel de los dermatomas T10-T11, caracterizada por múltiples neoformaciones exofíticas milimétricas en forma de domo, de consistencia blanda y depresibles a la palpación. El estudio histopatológico de una de ellas confirmó el diagnóstico de neurofibroma. La paciente no presentaba afectación neurológica ni ocular, además, sin afección en familiares, por lo que se establece diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis segmentaria. Conclusiones: la neurofibromatosis segmentaria es una patología poco frecuente, Aunque posiblemente sea subdiagnosticada por su carácter asintomático, lo que ocasiona una aparente baja incidencia. Los pacientes que la padecen pueden presentar penetrancia sistémica variable y un riesgo similar de neoplasias al descrito en pacientes con neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Pese al carácter benigno reportado en la literatura sugerimos un abordaje multidisciplinario de los pacientes.
Accidente Lonómico: Reporte de dos casos
Authors: Arango María Fernanda , Garcia Agudelo Lorena , Vargas Ledmar Jovanny , Patricia Sierra Alina , Silva Diana Carolina , Aldana Paula del Pilar , Daza Tavera Leider Yesid
Published: August 2022

Introducción: dentro de los insectos del orden lepidóptero, la familia Saturniidae tiene más de 2.400 especies, allí se encuentran Hylesia y Lonomia. Objetivo: presentar dos casos de pacientes con accidente lonómico, el manejo y desenlace para reconocer la importancia de estos eventos en las regiones silvestres de la Orinoquia colombiana. Casos clínicos: paciente de 8 años proveniente de área rural quien refería contacto en región palmar de mano derecha con gusanos quién 48 horas después de dicho contacto presentó equimosis en extremidades, flictena sangrante en talón derecho, cefalea, escalofríos y artralgias, además se evidenciaron tiempos de coagulación prolongados. Paciente de 13 años de características similares a las del caso previamente descrito sin presentar manifestaciones clínicas, pero que presentaba tiempos de coagulación prolongados. Se consideró que cursaba con accidente lonómico por lo que se aplicaron 5 ampollas de suero antilonómico polivalente a cada una sin registrar reacciones adversas. En ambos casos cursaron con evolución clínica adecuada con disminución a rangos de seguridad de tiempos de coagulación. Conclusiones: el veneno lonómico actúa en la cascada de coagulación produciendo manifestaciones hemorrágicas de gravedad variable. El suero antilonómico es el único tratamiento eficaz, a pesar de estar disponible desde hace más de 20 años en Brasil hay un 5% de progresión a síndromes hemorrágicos severos y un 1.5 a 2% de mortalidad. A pesar de tener gran relevancia clínica en las Américas existe subregistro, es importante conocer sus manifestaciones y el manejo para así poder evitar complicaciones mortales.