bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dramaturgical Act of Positioning Within Family Meetings: Negotiation of Patients’ Participation in Intermediate Care Services
Authors: Kvæl Linda Aimée Hartford , Debesay Jonas , Bye Asta , Bergland Astrid
Published: September 2019

Family meetings are a cornerstone in intermediate care (IC) and a powerful tool in achieving patient participation. Staff in IC are nevertheless uncertain about how to run these meetings. This study explores the negotiation of patient participation in 14 family meetings by observing the interactions between patients, relatives, and staff. Using Goffman’s dramaturgical theory, supplemented by positioning theory, we illustrate, through four cases, how the participants negotiate their opinions by enacting positions like performer, director, audience, and nonperson. Patient participation takes place when the family meetings are characterized by respect and empathy, when the staff restore and elicit patients’ and relatives’ preferences, and there exist real alternative outcomes of the meetings. The emphasis should be on meeting structure, group composition, and preparation of the patient team. The findings are valuable for staff, patient organizations, and policy makers responsible for program development and tools to optimize patient participation within family meetings.
Barriers and Facilitators to Parental Help-Seeking for Young Children With Developmental Delays: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Marshall Jennifer , Raffaele Mendez Linda M. , Singleton Destiny L.
Published: September 2019

This study examined influences, factors, and processes associated with parental recognition and response to developmental concerns through interviews and focus groups with six Spanish- and 17 English-speaking parents of children aged 2 weeks to 4.5 years with developmental concerns. Results revealed that social support, perceptions of perceived threat (the child’s susceptibility to developmental problems and potential severity of the issue), evaluation of the benefits and barriers of seeking help, self-efficacy, and referral coordination influenced parents’ recognition and response to developmental concerns. Experiences and paths to services varied greatly, illustrating the lack of consistency within service systems. Understanding these influences in identification and intervention is the first step in addressing how to better support parents and their children.
Prison Privatization: An Empirical Literature Review and Path Forward
Authors: Kim Dae-Young
Published: September 2019

A substantial body of literature has been devoted to examine the efficacy of prison privatization. Unfortunately, the empirical findings to date are equivocal regarding whether prison privatization fulfills its promises and our expectations of cost efficiency, prison quality, postrelease success, nonprofit prison privatization, system-wide improvement in corrections, local economic development, and determinants of privatizing prisons. Such inconclusive evidence may result from the shortcomings of past research, and thus there is a continuing need for more work using a wide range of data sources and research designs. This article conducts a review of empirical research, discusses conceptual and methodological problems in the literature, and offers guidance for future research. It may not only stimulate additional research but also inform public policy decision-making on prison privatization.
Deceptive Giant Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Esophagus: An Extremely Rare Surgical Case
Authors: Shi Xiao-Xin , Liao Meng-Ying , Tao Li-Li , Wang Xin-Gen , Yin Wei-Hua
Published: September 2019

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma rarely occurs in the esophagus. It always has atypical clinical manifestations and different pathologic features, which usually lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Given its poor prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance. The accumulation of similar cases is critical for surgeons and pathologists to raise awareness of such tumors. This report aims to discuss the diagnosis and provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for pathologists and clinicians.
Cultural Models of Substance Use Risk and Attributed Stigma: A Comparison of Young Adults in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Henderson Nicole L. , Dressler William W.
Published: September 2019

The stigma associated with substance use is well known, but little research has examined stigma attribution, or the tendency to stigmatize, nor is there much cross-cultural research on the topic. We examine cultural models for the risk of substance use associated with stigma attribution in two settings: the United States and Brazil. Study populations of young adults are the focus in each setting. Using methods of cultural domain analysis, cultural consensus analysis, and the analysis of residual agreement, we find similar models in each society. There is a continuum from viewing substance use risk as a biopsychosocial problem to viewing it as a moral issue. In the United States, viewing substance use as a biopsychosocial issue is associated with lower attributed stigma; in Brazil, viewing substance use as a biopsychosocial issue is associated with higher attributed stigma. We argue that social patterns of drug use in each society underlie this difference.
Fractional-order robust model reference adaptive control of piezo-actuated active vibration isolation systems using output feedback and multi-objective optimization algorithm
Authors: Kang Shengzheng , Wu Hongtao , Yang Xiaolong , Li Yao , Wang Yaoyao
Published: September 2019

Improving the control performance of active vibration isolation systems is crucial to provide an ultra-quiet environment for precision instruments. This paper presents a new fractional-order robust model reference adaptive controller for the piezo-actuated active vibration isolation systems with a relative-degree-one model. One advantage of the proposed controller lies in that its controller parameters are adjusted online by fractional proportional–integral-type adaptive laws, which not only speeds up the convergence of the closed-loop system, but also improves the control energy efficiency. Moreover, the proposed controller only uses the measurable input and output of the plant as feedback signals, which is convenient for controller implementation. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory in detail. The optimal values of the fractional order and adaptive gains for adaptive laws are determined using the multi-objective genetic algorithm through off-line simulation. Comparative experiments on the piezo-actuated active vibration isolation systems are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Results show that the proposed controller achieves satisfactory isolation performance in a wider frequency band of 20–500 Hz, and simultaneously reduces the control effort compared with the traditional MRAC methods.
Sexual Abuse and Assault in a Large National Sample of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gewirtz-Meydan Ateret , Finkelhor David
Published: September 2019

The present study sought to examine features of sexual abuse cases among a U.S. nationally representative sample of 13,052 children and adolescents, ages 0–17 years. The National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence was collected in three different years (2008, 2011, and 2014) via telephone interviews. Information about sexual abuse and assault was obtained from youth themselves (ages 10–17) or caregivers (for children ages 0–9) using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results indicate most offenses are at the hands of other juveniles (76.7% for males and 70.1% for females), primarily acquaintances, and occurring more frequently for adolescents aged 14–17. Whereas girls are mostly abused by males (88.4%), boys are abused by both males (45.6%) and females (54.4%). In 15% of cases, penetration is part of the abuse. Victims report being very afraid in 37.5% of episodes but not at all afraid in 19.8%. Among 10- to 17-year-olds, 66.3% of episodes are not reported to parents or any adult. Police reports occur for 19.1% of all cases. The results in the present study indicate that children and youth are exposed to sexual abuse and assault in varied ways, which require moving beyond conventional stereotypes of the problem.
Sexual Abuse Disclosure Mediates the Effect of an Abuse Prevention Program on Substantiation
Authors: Elfreich Molly R. , Stevenson Margaret C. , Sisson Crystal , Winstead Alexandria P. , Parmenter Katelyn M.
Published: September 2019

Although abuse prevention programs have proliferated, little research has explored the direct effects of such programs on actual child sexual abuse disclosure rates, and no research has explored the effects of such programs on child sexual abuse substantiation. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the present research reflects an exploration of the effects of exposure to the Think First and Stay Safe™ abuse prevention program on abuse disclosure rates of 319 children who underwent a child forensic interview within 2015–2018 in a Midwestern child advocacy center. Supporting our mediational hypotheses, children exposed (vs. not exposed) to the Think First and Stay Safe™ program were significantly more likely to disclose abuse during the forensic interview, which in turn predicted significantly increased abuse substantiation likelihood.
Stability of lipid membranes with orthotropic symmetry
Authors: Walani Nikhil , Agrawal Ashutosh
Published: September 2019

Lipid membranes routinely undergo protein-mediated morphological remodeling during vital processes such as cellular transport and division. These membrane remodeling proteins can be broadly classified into two categories: one that generates a spherical shape and another that generates a cylindrical shape. To gain physical insights into membrane shape transitions, it is important to investigate the stability of membranes in the presence of these two types of proteins. However, the existing membrane theory is mostly restricted to the class of membranes that interact with the sphere shape-generating proteins and possess isotropic symmetry. In this work, we use curvature elasticity of the lipid membranes to derive the stability criterion for membranes that interact with the cylindrical-shape-generating proteins that possess orthotropic symmetry. We derive the convexity condition followed by the stability criterion for a generalized form of strain energy that can entertain material heterogeneity. The proposed framework would allow for a rigorous analysis of a broader set of membrane–protein interactions during key cellular processes.
From Favorable Histology to Relapse: The Clonal Evolution of a Wilms Tumor
Authors: Saliba Jason , Belsky Natasha , Patel Ami , Thomas Kristen , Carroll William L , Pierro Joanna
Published: September 2019

Favorable histology (FH) Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most curable of all human cancers, yet a small minority of patients fail treatment. The underlying biological pathways that lead to therapy resistance are unknown. We report a case of initially unresectable, FH WT which revealed limited necrosis and persistent blastemal predominant histology following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Despite intensification of therapy and whole abdominal radiation, the patient relapsed and succumbed to her disease. In an effort to discover candidate drivers of drug resistance, whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis were performed on samples from all 3 tumor specimens. Sequencing results revealed outgrowth of clones with a dramatically different genetic landscape including dominant mutations that could explain therapy evasion, some of which have not been previously reported in WT. Our results implicate PPM1D, previously shown to be associated with drug resistance in other tumors, as the major driver of treatment failure.
Rooting Evaluation Guidelines in Relational Ethics: Lessons From Africa
Authors: Mapitsa Caitlin Blaser , Ngwato Tara Polzer
Published: September 2019

As global discussions of evaluation standards become more contextually nuanced, culturally responsive conceptions of ethics have not been sufficiently discussed. In academic social research, ethical clearance processes have been designed to protect vulnerable people from harm related to participation in a research project. This article expands the ambit of ethical protection thinking and proposes a relational ethics approach for evaluation practitioners. This centers an analysis of power relations among and within all the different stakeholder groups in order to establish, in a context-specific manner, which stakeholders are vulnerable and in need of protection. The approach also contextualizes the nature of “the public good,” as part of an ethical consideration of interest trade-offs during evaluations. The discussion is informed by our experiences in African contexts and speaks to the “Made in Africa” research agenda but is also relevant to other global contexts where alternatives to “developed country” ontological assumptions about the roles of researchers and participations and the nature of vulnerability are being reconsidered.
An Empirical Assessment of the Sources of Police Job Satisfaction
Authors: Paoline Eugene A. , Gau Jacinta M.
Published: September 2019

Dissatisfied workers are at risk for negative occupational behaviors such as job turnover, poor performance, work avoidance, decreased morale among coworkers, and physical or legal liability. Relying heavily on demographic (e.g., sex, race, education) and occupational (e.g., rank, experience, assignment) explanatory factors, early empirical studies failed to effectively model the statistical correlates of police officer job satisfaction. Recent inquiries have found more success in explaining the variation in job satisfaction by examining a variety of work-related attitudes. The current study adds to this burgeoning area of research by assessing the role of internal and external dimensions of the work environment, as well as views of fairness and effectiveness, on the job satisfaction of police officers. Based on survey data from a midsized municipal police department in Florida, the multivariate analysis reveals a number of successful predictors of job satisfaction, especially for those officers with a street-level assignment. A second analysis, based on qualitative coding of open-ended survey questions, finds differences in positive and negative features of the occupation across varying levels of satisfied and dissatisfied respondents. Implications of these findings for police practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Complications and outcome after periacetabular osteotomy - influence of surgical approach
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Malviya Ajay
Published: September 2019

Background:

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) was introduced by Ganz as a novel surgical technique for hip dysplasia with a congruent hip to reorient the acetabulum in skeletally mature patients. The PAO through a modified Smith-Petersen (Iliofemoral) approach, has been subject to many modifications in order to avoid complications and to minimise risks for failure.

Aim:

The aim of this review was to report on the complication rates, functional and radiological outcomes in relation to surgical approaches.

Methods:

A search of NICE healthcare database advanced search, was conducted from the year of inception to May 2018. We included studies that reported complications of PAO. Data extracted from case series was analysed to detect the incidence of complications, relation to surgical approach and temporal trend of complications.

Results:

40 studies including 4070 hips with a mean age of 29 years and a mean follow-up of 52.8 month, were analysed. Outcome measures demonstrated good to excellent outcome in 82%. Higher rates of LFCN and sciatic nerve injuries were found to be associated with the ilioinguinal and the 2-incision approach. Minimally invasive (MIS) modified Smith-Petersen (MSP), minimally invasive trans-sartorial and trans-trochanteric approaches were not reported to be associated with any major wound complications. Radiological correction achieved with a mean improvement in acetabular inclination of 17.90 (range 4.5–40), anterior centre-edge correction 25.40 (range 10–51), lateral centre-edge correction 23.30 (range 15–44.6) and medial translation of 6 mm (range 3.2–10).

Conclusions:

The complication rates seem to be lower in this current review (7%) as compared to the previous review performed by Clohisy et al. (6–37%). The MIS trans-sartorial/MIS MSP and intertrochanteric approaches are associated with an even reduced complications rates. This review enables favouring the minimally invasive approaches with regard to reducing nerve injury and wound complications.
If it looks like a catheter and winds like a catheter . . . fibroblastic sheath mimicking a central venous catheter fragment: A case report
Authors: Baciarello Marco , Maspero Giada , Maestroni Umberto , Palumbo Giuseppina , Bellini Valentina , Bignami Elena
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Fibroblastic sheath formation is a well-known complication of long-term central venous catheters. When calcified, fibroblastic (formerly known as “fibrin”) sheaths may be easily mistaken for retained catheter fragments. We describe one such case and how imaging was used to recognize the sheath and avoid unnecessary interventions.

Case Description:

A patient with systemic sclerosis was referred for port removal because of suspected infection. A later computed tomography scan showed a persistent tubular structure coursing behind the right clavicle, which was also seen in an anteroposterior chest radiograph. Three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of the structure’s lumen in comparison to previous imaging studies allowed us to confirm that it was, in fact, a calcified fibroblastic sheath. The patient’s course was uneventful thereafter.

Conclusion:

Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction, as well as the hollow appearance of a tubular structure after removal of a central catheter may help differentiate a fibroblastic sheath from a retained catheter fragment. Accurate surgical notes mentioning the length of the catheter at implant and explant are also of paramount importance.
An immediate access dialysis graft designed to prevent needle-related complications: Results from the initial pre-clinical studies
Authors: Gage Shawn M , Lawson Michael , Nichols Craig , Sycks Dalton , Manson Roberto J , Knight Joseph A
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

No technology has been specifically developed with the intent to reduce needle-related vascular access injuries; a significant source of complications and abandonment. We present the initial pre-clinical study results of a novel, self-sealing, immediate cannulation dialysis graft that aims to prevent needle-related complications; to promote safe, reliable needle access; to reduce catheter use; and could facilitate home hemodialyisis.

Methods:

The innovative graft design consists of two cannulation chambers with self-sealing properties and materials that prevent side and back wall needle puncture. Study and control grafts (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) were implanted in one pig and 10 sheep in two studies over the course of 1 year. First cannulation occurred immediately post implant for all study grafts. Post-cannulation time to hemostasis, hematoma and seroma formation, infection, and patency were recorded.

Results:

The two studies account for nearly 60 weeks (average 6.4 weeks/graft) of study graft follow-up. In the ovine study, average study graft time to hemostasis was 27.3 s (standard deviation = 26.3, range = 0–120), and the control averaged 177.2 s (standard deviation = 113.4, range = 60–600), p < 0.0001. Secondary patency was 75% and 67% for the study and control grafts, respectively. Neither study nor control groups experienced seroma, graft infections, or deaths.

Discussion:

All novel grafts in the studies were implanted successfully and functioned as intended. There were no complications related to tunneling of the study graft and the chamber prevented back/side wall needle injury. This novel technology may help to mitigate these needle-related complications, while allowing for early/immediate cannulation which could also reduce catheter contact time.
Recurrent central venous catheter migration in a patient with brittle asthma
Authors: Hignell Emily R , Phelps Julian
Published: September 2019

Central venous catheters are widely used in intensive care and critically unwell patients, and reporting of unusual complications is in the interest of those using them on a regular basis. Recognised complications involve vascular, cardiac and pulmonary systems and include the risk of infection. Described is a case with a recurrent complication of device failure secondary to migration of the central venous catheter tip as a result of recurrent coughing episodes. The approach to inserting central catheters and diagnosing the cause for the migration is discussed. This case directly demonstrated looping and significant movement of a polyurethane catheter as a result of coughing. On two occasions, this resulted in the tip migration and the catheter becoming kinked, causing premature failure of the central venous catheter. This has only been seen before with silicone catheters. There should be high index of suspicion for migration of central venous catheters in patients with history of cough. Recommendations include maintaining a high index of suspicion for migration of central venous catheters in patients with history of cough and insertion of larger French size catheters in patient groups prone to severe coughing episodes. Ways to optimise initial central venous catheter placement using intracavitary electrocardiogram should be considered along with the use of interventional radiology in complex cases and those with recurrent complications.
Utility of Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) sessions in the adult and paediatric population
Authors: Bridges Catherine , Morris Calli , McElroy Jane A , Quinn Kathleen , Dyer Jonathan , Becevic Mirna
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Primary care provider (PCP) competency in dermatology is inadequate despite the high volume of patients with skin conditions. Better education and access to dermatology expertise is vital to improve patient care. We present a comprehensive case-based evaluation of Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) sessions, an innovative videoconferencing educational model, by determining the diagnostic and treatment accuracy of dermatological conditions by PCPs over a 2-year period.

Methods

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating the use and impact of Dermatology ECHO over a 2-year period. Outcomes assessed include patient demographics, PCPs’ diagnostic accuracy, and expert treatment impact. Results were analysed using summary statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to describe the adult and paediatric populations.

Results

One hundred and sixty-seven adult cases and 56 paediatric cases were presented in 2016–2017. Among the 223 cases, 137 adult and 44 paediatric cases were complete and eligible for analysis. The mean lesion duration was 3.3 years in adults and 2.9 years in children prior to presentation. Upon case presentation, almost half (43.8%) of the adult cases were incorrectly diagnosed by their PCP with 18.8% receiving a partially correct diagnosis. PCPs had greater diagnostic accuracy in children (45% correct diagnosis, 27.5% partially correct, 27.5% incorrect). Expert treatment recommendations benefited 83.6% of adult cases and 72.5% of paediatric cases.

Discussion

This study highlights the need for better dermatology access and teaching opportunities among PCPs in Missouri. Dermatology ECHO provides a platform for didactic learning and case presentations to improve dermatology competency among PCPs.
Investigating language learning strategies: Prospects, pitfalls and challenges
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: September 2019

Major advances have been made in research on language learning strategies (LLS) since it was triggered by good language learner studies (e.g. Rubin, 1975). Numerous accounts of strategy use have been compiled, key classifications have been proposed, some progress has been made towards furthering our understanding of the complex relationship between LLS use and attainment, an array of factors impacting strategy use has been investigated, some evidence has been gathered for the beneficial role of strategies-based instruction, and new data collection tools have been developed (see e.g. Cohen, 2011; Cohen & Griffiths, 2015; Cohen & Macaro, 2007; Griffiths, 2018, 2019; Griffiths & Oxford, 2014; Oxford, 2017; Oxford & Amerstorfer, 2018; Pawlak, 2011; Pawlak & Oxford, 2018). While acute problems related to the definition of LLS, their characteristics, their separation from regular learning activities or their actual utility have surely not disappeared, some promising solutions have been proposed (Griffiths, 2018; Oxford, 2017) and calls to abandon the concept have been countered (Dörnyei, 2005). This said, a question arises as to what can be done to move the field forward. Following a brief overview of existing research, the article tackles this issue with respect to the following areas: (1) foci of future research, (2) methodological choices, and (3) consideration of how research findings can inform pedagogy.
On the influence of wall distance and geometry for high-pressure n-dodecane spray flames in a constant-volume chamber
Authors: Maes Noud , Hooglugt Mark , Dam Nico , Somers Bart , Hardy Gilles
Published: September 2019

To isolate the effect of flame–wall interaction from representative operating conditions of an internal combustion engine, experiments were performed in a constant-volume pre-burn vessel. Three different wall geometries were studied at distances of 32.8, 38.2, and 46.2 mm from a single-hole 0.09-mm orifice diameter fuel injector. A flat wall provides a simplified case of flame–wall interaction. To mimic the division of a jet into two regions by the piston bowl rim in an engine, a two-dimensional confined wall is used. A third, axisymmetric confined wall geometry allows a second simplified comparison to numerical simulations in a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes framework. As a limiting situation for a free jet, the distance from the injector orifice to the end wall of the chamber is 95 mm. Thermocouples installed in the end wall provided insights into local heat losses for reference cases without a wall insert. The test conditions were according to the Engine Combustion Network Spray A guidelines with an ambient temperature of 900 K and an ambient density of 22.8 kg/m3 with 15% O2. Flame structures were studied using high-speed OH* chemiluminescence with integrated single-shot OH PLIF and combined with pressure-based apparent heat release data to infer combustion progress and spray behavior. Soot was studied in a qualitative manner using high-speed natural luminosity imaging with integrated high-speed laser-induced incandescence. Overall, increased mixing upon interaction with the surfaces is observed to increase early heat release rate and to significantly reduce soot, with the nearest wall distance showing most effect. The flat wall gives rise to the most significant effects in all cases.
The usefulness of feedback
Authors: Henderson Michael , Ryan Tracii , Boud David , Dawson Phillip , Phillips Michael , Molloy Elizabeth , Mahoney Paige
Published: September 2019

Feedback can occur before and after assessment submission, but needs to be useful in order for students to improve their subsequent performance. Arguably, undergraduate students, and particularly international, online and new students, are especially in need of feedback to effectively engage in academic and disciplinary expectations. Therefore, this article draws on survey data from students, disaggregated by mode of study, citizenship of enrolment and year of study, to explore their experiences of feedback usefulness both before and after assessment submission. Overall, undergraduate students were positive; however, this perception decreased according to their year level. Comparisons between online and international students also revealed key differences. A conclusion is that undergraduate students cannot be treated homogeneously, and educators need to attend to the feedback experiences of different student groups as they progress through their programme.
Pilgrim and path: the emergence of self and world on a walking pilgrimage in Ireland
Authors: Scriven Richard
Published: September 2019

This article foregrounds the pilgrim, as a relational identity, to explore the co-emergence of self and world through embodied spatial practices. The pilgrim, as a liminal and mobile figure, is aligned with Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological concept of the ‘flesh’, which presents subject and object as co-incipient. An auto-ethnographic study of the Croagh Patrick pilgrimage in the west of Ireland combines interview accounts from research participants and my own fieldwork experiences. This journey into the performative and liminal aspects of pilgrimages examines of how pilgrim and path emerge in an intermeshing of body and landscape, the spiritual and material and culture and praxis. In mobilising the figure of the pilgrim, this article contributes to disciplinary discussions concerning phenomenology/post-phenomenology, while highlighting the significance of pilgrimage as a purposeful performance.
The predominant frequency for viscous flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different diameters at low Reynolds number
Authors: Liu Ming-ming
Published: September 2019

Viscous flow past two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement is numerically investigated at a typical Reynolds number of 200 which is based on the diameter of the downstream cylinder. The non-dimensional diameter of the downstream cylinder D is fixed to be 1.0, while the non-dimensional diameter of the upstream cylinder d varies from 0.1 to 1.0 with an interval of 0.1. Moreover, the minimal non-dimensional distance between the two cylinders changes from 0.1 to 4.0. The numerical results show that continuous variation of the mean drag coefficient, the lift coefficient, and the lift frequency is observed with the increase in the gap ratio for d/ D = 0.1 and 0.2. Discontinuities are found for the mean drag coefficient, the lift coefficient, and the lift frequency of the downstream cylinder with the increase in gap ratio for d/ D = 0.9 and 1.0. Multiple lift oscillating frequencies of the downstream cylinder can be detected for d/ D = 0.3–0.8 at special gap ratios. Special attention is paid on d/ D = 0.4, which is a typical example for d/ D = 0.3–0.8. The predominant lift frequency of the downstream cylinder is observed to change from fL-1 to fL-2 as the increase in the gap ratio for d/ D = 0.4, which have not been previously detected. However, the predominant drag frequency of the downstream cylinder is found always to be fD-3 in present investigation scope. Moreover, a conclusion that fD-3 =  fL-1 +  fL-2 can be obtained.
Research Preregistration as a Teaching and Learning Tool in Undergraduate Psychology Courses
Authors: Blincoe Sarai , Buchert Stephanie
Published: September 2019

The preregistration of research plans and hypotheses may prevent publication bias and questionable research practices. We incorporated a modified version of the preregistration process into an undergraduate capstone research course. Students completed a standard preregistration form during the planning stages of their research projects as well as surveys about their knowledge of preregistration. Based on survey results, our senior-level psychology students lacked knowledge of importance of the preregistration movement in the sciences but could anticipate some of its benefits. Our review of the completed preregistration assignment suggested that students struggle with data analysis decision-making but generally perceive preregistration as a helpful planning tool. We discuss the value of a preregistration assignment for generating discussions of research practice and ethics.
Support condition monitoring of offshore wind turbines using model updating techniques
Authors: Xu Ying , Nikitas George , Zhang Tong , Han Qinghua , Chryssanthopoulos Marios , Bhattacharya Subhamoy , Wang Ying
Published: September 2019

The offshore wind turbines are dynamically sensitive, whose fundamental frequency can be very close to the forcing frequencies activated by the environmental and turbine loads. Minor changes of support conditions may lead to the shift of natural frequencies, and this could be disastrous if resonance happens. To monitor the support conditions and thus to enhance the safety of offshore wind turbines, a model updating method is developed in this study. A hybrid sensing system was fabricated and set up in the laboratory to investigate the long-term dynamic behaviour of the offshore wind turbine system with monopile foundation in sandy deposits. A finite element model was constructed to simulate structural behaviours of the offshore wind turbine system. Distributed nonlinear springs and a roller boundary condition are used to model the soil–structure interaction properties. The finite element model and the test results were used to analyse the variation of the support condition of the monopile, through an finite element model updating process using estimation of distribution algorithms. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the test model increases after a period under cyclic loading, which is attributed to the compaction of the surrounding sand instead of local damage of the structure. The hybrid sensing system is reliable to detect both the acceleration and strain responses of the offshore wind turbine model and can be potentially applied to the remote monitoring of real offshore wind turbines. The estimation of distribution algorithm–based model updating technique is demonstrated to be successful for the support condition monitoring of the offshore wind turbine system, which is potentially useful for other model updating and condition monitoring applications.
Types of Extracurricular Campus Activities and First-Year Students’ Academic Success
Authors: Kulp Amanda M. , Pascale Amanda Blakewood , Grandstaff Matthew
Published: September 2019

This research examines the relationships between first-year college students’ attendance at campus-sponsored extracurricular events and grade point average, persistence from fall to spring, and retention to the second year. Students’ attendance at various campus life events over the course of an academic year was tracked by scanning students’ identification cards. Hierarchical regression modeling revealed that first years attending events within a specific category of campus life programming called signature events had significantly higher cumulative grade point averages and better odds of persisting and retaining. The findings from this study add to the body of research on student involvement and engagement, with a specific focus on campus life activities.
A Catwalk to Congress? Appearance-Based Effects in the Elections to the U.S. House of Representatives 2016
Authors: Jäckle Sebastian , Metz Thomas , Wenzelburger Georg , König Pascal D.
Published: September 2019

This article addresses the question of appearance-based effects by looking at the U.S. House of Representatives election 2016. We broaden the focus beyond existing studies by offering a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the three traits attractiveness, competence, and likability while simultaneously taking into account confounding third variables and possible interactions. Corresponding to the comparative character of electoral competition in the districts, we developed a relative measure of the three traits which we apply in an online survey. This measure also takes into account the raters’ latency times, that is, their clicking speed, as a weighting factor for their ambiguity in the ratings. With these data we test whether appearance matters for the electoral outcome. We find that attractiveness positively affects the vote share, whereas perceived likability and competence play no role. The study also tests to what extent the found appearance effects are conditioned by incumbency status, age, and gender of the contestants. Furthermore, it gives hints which aspects of their appearance candidates could change to perform better at the ballot box.
Scurrying to Understand Sudden Expected Death in Epilepsy: Insights From Animal Models
Authors: Li Rui , Buchanan Gordon F.
Published: September 2019

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in patients with refractory epilepsy, accounting for up to 17% of deaths in patients with epilepsy. The pathophysiology of SUDEP has remained unclear, largely because it is unpredictable and commonly unwitnessed. This poses a great challenge to studies in patients. Recently, there has been an increase in animal studies to try to better understand the pathophysiology of SUDEP. In this current review, we focus on developments through seizure-induced death models and the preventative strategies they may reveal.
Rise and Fall of the Empire: Conquering Alzheimer’s Disease by Targeting Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Varma Parul , Hsieh Jenny
Published: September 2019

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More Is More: Potential Benefits of Characterizing High-Frequency Activity Over Long Durations
Authors: Sudhakar Shyam Kumar , Ahmed Omar J.
Published: September 2019

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Energy-efficient collaborative transmission algorithm based on potential game theory for beamforming
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lei Li , Feng Xin
Published: September 2019

A group of collaborative nodes can efficiently complete spatial long-distance transmission tasks using beamforming technology. However, a high sidelobe level interferes with communication quality, and uneven energy consumption of nodes affects network lifetime. This paper proposes an energy-efficient collaborative transmission algorithm based on potential game theory for beamforming. First, the minimum number of cooperative nodes is determined in accordance with the energy consumption and spacing limitation condition. A group of nodes satisfying the node spacing condition is selected as cooperative nodes based on the ring array to minimize communication interference among nodes. Second, a potential game model is proposed as a joint method for optimizing the collaborative parameters of the cooperative nodes and their energy consumption balancing features. Finally, the game process is continuously executed until the Nash equilibrium is reached. According to simulation results, the sidelobe level caused by the cooperative nodes is reduced and the transmission conflicts are lessened. Thus, the quality of communication links in between nodes in the network is improved. Energy efficiency is also promoted because a balancing of energy consumption is involved in the proposed potential game model, and network lifetime is effectively prolonged accordingly.
Educational Leadership in a Mayan Village in Southern Belize: Challenges Faced by a Mayan Woman Principal
Authors: Oliveras-Ortiz Yanira , Hickey Wesley D.
Published: September 2019

A Mayan woman principal taking a position in a historically paternalistic village in Southern Belize faces inevitable challenges due to the cultural structure of the village. In this case, the challenges go beyond cultural norms. Mrs. Po, a Mopan woman leading a school in a Kekchi village, faces challenges related to her role as a teaching principal in a multigrade school, her lack of leadership preparation, the remoteness of the village, and the language barrier, among others. The reader is encouraged to ponder the myriad of issues that impact the principal’s efforts to improve the education system while working in a village where the community struggles to perceive the value of education.
Adaptive block compensation trajectory tracking control based on LuGre friction model
Authors: Wu Zhimin
Published: September 2019

Aiming at the problems of modeling error and uncertain external disturbance in the multi-joint robot control model, an adaptive block compensation trajectory tracking controller based on LuGre friction model is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm divides the interference term of LuGre friction model into three parts with different physical quantities. Secondly, an adaptive neural network compensator is designed to assess the three parts of the LuGre friction model. Thirdly, a robust sliding mode controller is developed to reduce the influence of these estimation errors of neural network compensator and other uncertain disturbances and ensure that the system converges in a finite time at the same time. Finally, numerical simulations under different input and disturbance signals for the planar multi-joint robot and the inverted pendulum are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, and the performance of the proposed controller is compared with conventional sliding mode controller to illustrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed controller.
‘Sowing the seeds of community’: Daycare managers participating in a community approach project
Authors: Achituv Sigal , Hertzog Esther
Published: September 2019

This paper is based on a study of daycare center managers participating in a project aimed at changing the communal approach in early childhood education (ECE) centers. The project was implemented by the ECE system of Israel’s Association of Community Centers for ages birth to three, based on the Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The study aimed at learning about the managers’ views and attitudes toward the project, expanding knowledge in the sphere of ECE management and proposing relevant methods for policy improvement. The study applied qualitative methodology and was based on in-depth interviews with managers who participated in the first year of the project, and on observations at the daycare centers and on the project’s implementation process. The findings reveal that the managers are influenced in various ways, by the complex economic and organizational reality of their workplace. The position of the daycare managers as responsible for both implementing the project’s policies and for managing the caregivers creates a complex identity informed by ambivalent attitudes toward the system and the project itself. As ECE for ages birth to three is a conspicuous subject on international public agendas, this study may help ECE policymakers improve education systems by developing solid communal policies.
The police invention of humanity: Notes on the “thin blue line”
Authors: Wall Tyler
Published: September 2019

This article unpacks the idea of police as a “thin blue line” as narrating a story about the police invention of the human through a civilizing and exterminating war against beasts. To speak in the name of the “thin blue line,” then, is to articulate the police as the primary force which secures, or makes possible, all the things said to be at the core of “human” existence: liberty, security, property, sociality, accumulation, law, civility, and even happiness. The current project is less a history of the thin blue line slogan than a more conceptually grounded sketch, and abolitionist critique, of its most basic premises: the idea at the heart of thin blue line is that the most routine mode of violent state prerogative—the police power—is imagined as always a defense of civilization, which at once means the “human species.” In other words, thin blue line, to use a formulation from Sylvia Wynter, is best understood as a defense of a particular genre of the human, or “Man,” that “overrepresents itself as if it were the human itself.” But importantly, thin blue line articulates this police project of inventing the human as always incomplete, insecure, and unstable. Of course, it must always be incomplete, because it is through its inability to fully eradicate the bestial trace that police claim a license to endless war in the name of humanity. As a discourse of ordinary emergency, thin blue line becomes an expression of what Diren Valayden outlines as “racial feralization,” or the colonial bourgeois anxiety that humanity will regress back into a violent nature. A critique of the thin blue line encourages a consideration of how fantasies and failures of becoming human animate all things police, including the racialized violence at the heart of the police project.
Framing nitrogen pollution in the British press: 1984–2018
Authors: Zottola Angela , Atanasova Dimitrinka , Cardwell Emma , Forrester John , Stevens Carly
Published: September 2019

Awareness of the risks posed by excess nitrogen is low beyond the scientific community. As public understanding of scientific issues is partly influenced by news reporting, this article is the first to study how the British press has discussed nitrogen pollution. A corpus-assisted frame analysis of newspaper articles (1984–2018) highlighted five frames: Activism, where environmental charities and organizations are portrayed as having an active role in fighting pollution; Government Responsibility, where privatization is presented as central and positioned as one of the main causes of pollution; Industry Responsibility, in which industries’ actions are depicted as causing pollution to increase; Pollutions as Politics, in which pollution is not discussed as a problem to be solved but rather as a means to increase votes; and Risk, where readers are warned about the possible effects of pollution on human health, flora and fauna. The analysis also points to the absence of named scientists and sources with the coverage being dominated by politicians.
Cytotoxic Compounds From Ludwigia hyssopifolia
Authors: Zhang Jinyan , Liu Chang , Wei Jianhua , Li Bing , Zhan Xin , Li Yunqing , Hao Ji , Lu Rumei , Yang Xinzhou
Published: September 2019

Purification of the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions from Ludwigia hyssopifolia yielded 9 natural products, ethyl gallate (1), vanillin (2), trans- p-hydroxycinnamic acid (3), trans- p-hydroxy-ethyl cinnamate (4), ozoroalide (5), scopoletin (6), de- O-methyllasiodiplodin (7), syringaldehyde (8), and 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-dihydroxy-stilbene (9). The structures of 1 to 9 were determined by spectroscopic analyses including 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and Mass Spectrum (MS) data. Four compounds displayed cytotoxic effects on the human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cell line. Compounds 5 and 7 were also effective against TU212 cell line and significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner on Hep-2 cell line.
Effect of the Dried Flowers of Campsis grandiflora on Stagnant Blood Syndrome
Authors: Oku Hisae , Iwaoka Emiko , Shinga Megumi , Yamamoto Erika , Iinuma Munekazu , Ishiguro Kyoko
Published: September 2019

Dried flower of Campsis grandiflora ( Bignoniaceae), known as ryoushouka in Japanese, is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stagnant blood, contusion, pruritus, and gynecopathy such as menstrual and menopausal disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the stagnant blood flow (BF) improvement effect of the methanol extract (CG) of dried flowers of C. grandiflora using an in vivo assay, in a continuing effort to improve peripheral circulatory disturbance using natural sources. We used the assay system to monitor a decrease in BF in the tail vein microcirculation of mice subjected to sensitization with hen-egg white lysozyme. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CG led to the isolation of apigenin (1), acteoside (2), cleroindicin B (3), rengyol (4), and isorengyol (5). Apigenin (1) and acteoside (2) were identified as active compounds as they exhibited significant stagnant BF improvement effect in the peripheral circulation. This study proved the positive effect of ryoushouka against stagnant blood syndrome.
A New Arylnaphthalide Lignan From Oxalis corniculata
Authors: Zhang Bao , Jiang Li , Ma Xue , Wang Ai-Min , Liu Ting , Zhou Meng , Liao Shang-Gao , Wang Yong-Lin , Huang Yong , Li Yong-Jun
Published: September 2019

A new arylnaphthalide lignan, corniculin (1), was isolated from 75% EtOH extract of Oxalis corniculata. Its chemical structure was determined by mass spectrometric analysis as well as 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).