bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Armée et politique en Turquie (1908-1980)
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit
Published: October 2014

Portant sur la période allant de la « révolution jeune turque » au coup d’État de 1980, cet article émet l’hypothèse que, bien que disposant d’importants moyens de contrainte et d’action lui conférant un statut suprasocial, l’armée manque souvent de cohésion interne. Ses interventions, directes ou indirectes, sont autant de réponses aux crises, qu’elle peut porter à leur paroxysme, mais qu’elle ne maîtrise pas toujours. S’il n’y a pas de doute qu’elle dispose d’un « esprit de corps », d’une idéologie, nationaliste ou kémaliste, ainsi que d’une unité organique ad minima , elle ne peut pour autant se légitimer par une posture suprasociale exclusive et doit par conséquent interagir avec d’autres acteurs issus de l’État ou de la société. Son ingénierie de pouvoir est élaborée en fonction des intérêts et attentes des officiers qui la dirigent, des contraintes et des opportunités qui se présentent à eux et des appréhensions subjectives qu’ils ont d’un problème politique donné.
Une dimension méconnue du Mai 68 français
Authors: Schaufelbuehl Janick Marina
Published: October 2014

Cet article traite d’une dimension économique importante du Mai 68 français : la fuite massive de capitaux en direction de la Suisse. Sur la base de documents internes des principales instances impliquées dans les deux pays, l’auteure retrace les sorties clandestines de billets de banque qui sont la conséquence directe de la crise socio-politique de mai-juin 1968. Malgré l’instauration d’un contrôle des changes et des interventions secrètes sur le marché financier, les fuites perdurent et aggravent la crise financière majeure qui secoue l’État français. De l’autre côté, ces flux permettent à la place financière suisse d’affirmer son rôle mondial de gestionnaire de fortune et de consolider ses liens avec les détenteurs français de capitaux.
Efforts by the Slovenian Music Society to Revive Folksong Repertoire and Institutionalization of Ethnomusicology in 1934
Authors: Cigoj Krstulović Nataša
Published: October 2014

Ohranitev in oživitev ljudske glasbene dediščine je bila po letu 1848 pomembna vsebina prizadevanj Slovencev za kulturno osamosvojitev in tudi programskih načrtov ljubljanske Glasbene matice vse od ustanovitve leta 1872. V iskanju identitete in tradicije je imela ljudska pesem reprezentativno funkcijo. Priredbe ljudskih pesmi za zbor so imele tudi prosvetno funkcijo in so zavzemale pomemben delež v založniški, šolski in koncertni dejavnosti Glasbene matice. Razprava opozarja na nekatere ideje, dogodke in dejanja iz zgodovine tega društva, ki so pripeljali do institucionalizacije glasbenonarodopisnega dela leta 1934.
***
The preservation and revival of ethnic repertoire played a vital role in efforts to establish Slovenian cultural independence after 1848. This was also one of the main tasks of the Slovenian Music Society (Glasbena matica) after it was established in 1872. In the search for tradition and identity, folk songs initially had a representative function. Arrangements of folk songs also had an educational function and played a significant role in publishing, school, and concert activities. This article presents some of ideas, activities, and events from the history of the Music Society that led to the institutionalization of ethnomusicology in 1934.
Addressing Low-Power Electronics in a Digital System and FPGA Design Course
Authors: Winzker Marco
Published: October 2014

Low power dissipation is a current topic in digital design, and therefore, it should be covered in a state-of-the-art electrical engineering curriculum. This paper describes how low-power design can be addressed within a digital design course. Doing so would be beneficial for both topics because low-power design is not detached from the systems perspective, and the digital design course would be enriched by references to current challenges and applications. Thus, the presented course should serve as an example of how a course can be developed to also teach students about sustainable engineering.
Improving Performance to Engineering Students through Virtual Labs and its Monitoring in Cockpit
Authors: Tibola Leandro Rosniak , Pereira Carlos Eduardo , Tarouco Liane Margarida Rockenbach
Published: October 2014

Modern education needs use all resources to improve teaching-learning process. To achieve this goal, technology can be a sharp allied. Especially to the engineering education, which seeks the balance among theoretical and practice lessons. Thus, many universities are using the virtual labs and virtual worlds 3D like way to support the student's learning and enrich the teaching methods. High tech classes, broadband communication, mobility and ubiquity aren't enough if the student's engagement can't be measured. This work presents a proposal to monitor the virtual lab use by students, showing the educational parameters in a graphical interface, following the suitable pedagogical concepts.
I Scratch and Sense But Can I Program?
Authors: Simpkins N. K.
Published: October 2014

This article reports an investigation into undergraduate student experiences and views of a visual or ‘blocks' based programming language and its environment. An additional and central aspect of this enquiry is to substantiate the perceived degree of transferability of programming skills learnt within the visual environment to a typical mainstream textual language. Undergraduate students were given programming activities and examples covering four basic programming concepts based on the Sense programming language which is intended to simplify programming. Sense programming statements are represented by blocks which only fit together in ways that produce a meaningful syntactic outcome, which may lower the cognitive barrier to learning. Students were also presented with concepts represented using an equivalent textual construct and asked to consider their understanding of these based on the graphical cases. They were finally asked to complete a short online survey. This paper presents the programming activities, the survey and an analysis of the results.
Improved Power Transformer Winding Deformation Fault Diagnosis Method
Authors: Ma Hong Zhong , Jiang Ning , Wang Chun Ning , Geng Zhi Hui
Published: October 2014

according to analysing the generation principle of transformer winding deformation and its impact on the vibration signal, and make a large number of trial, it can be found in addition to the fundamental frequency component that can reflect the failure, the new characteristic frequency which conclude 50Hz frequency component and some of its harmonic components, the harmonic components of the fundamental frequency can also reflect the failure. Transformer winding deformation fault diagnosis method is proposed based on the relationship between the characteristic frequency, it can not only diagnose whether the failure inside the transformer windings, but also determine the type of fault. In order to verify the proposed method, deformation fault is set to the actual transformer winding. After de-noising, discounted processing, the acquisition monitoring points of vibration signal is used by the proposed method, and the actual transformer is diagnosed, The diagnostic result is same with actual failure. It is shown that the proposed diagnostic method is accurate and feasible.
Simulation Research of Anti-Sliding Control of Urban Rail Brake System Based on AMESim and Simulink
Authors: Zhu Xiao Yu , Wu Meng Ling , Tian Chun , Li Yun Feng
Published: October 2014

Anti-sliding control of urban rail brake can effectively improve the adhesion utilization rate of the train, shorten braking distance and prevent wheel scratches. This paper takes differential velocity plus slip rate and speed reduction plus its differential as slip criterion, using logic threshold control method to establish Single wheel anti-slip control system. Pneumatic model, mechanical model and control model are built in AMESim and Simulink to implement co-simulation. Simulation results show that the comprehensive model can effectively achieve the anti-slide function. And by taking wheel glide distance as evaluation index, the merits of the two kinds of antiskid criterion are analyzed. The results show that deceleration and deceleration differential criterion as sliding criterion effect is better.
Modeling of the PLC Behavior in Intralogistics with Non-Autonomous Hybrid Petri-Nets
Authors: Kopecki Lukas , Lauck Sebastian
Published: October 2014

This document introduces a new kind of non-autonomous petri net for modelling decentralized systems in intralogistics controlled by PLCs. It extends the Signal Interpreted Petri Net with hybrid elements for continuous and discrete aspects to control external input-/output-events, places and transitions. It enables the modelling of continuous changes on the output places, e.g. linear acceleration of motors. After the formal model-definition, an example of one conveyor and the corresponding control-logic is given.
Research on Influential Factors of Visual Website Aesthetics Basing on Multiple Linear Regression Method
Authors: Li Yang , Huang Yan Qun
Published: October 2014

Visual aesthetics has showed a reliable association with user experience and how to measure the whole visual aesthetic feeling of a web is a challenge. This research aims to provide a regression equation between visual aesthetics and influential factors by constructing a multiple linear regression model. The final result includes six factors, and those are color, style, novelty, font, figure and movement. The model also gives the ranking of the influence power. In a word, ­­this article not only gives a mathematical algorithm to solve the aesthetics problems, but also provides a new way to help designers access to a better visual effect.
Static Performance of SiGe HBTs at Low Temperature
Authors: Lakhdara Maya , Latreche Saϊda , Gontrand Christian
Published: October 2014

—This paper analyse is the impact of cryogenic temperatures for SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) base, realised in BiCMOS9 0.13μm industrial process. The use of these components in microwaves applications exposed to various temperatures is fundamental aspect to predict in precise way its electric characteristics. This paper investigates the temperature dependence from (170 K to 300 K) of DC, for NPN SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and notably modeling high performance Si/SiGe HBT for telecommunication and radar detection (>0.5THz) in low temperature (cryogenic temperature).
A Symmetrical Digital Selecting Type DC-DC Converter with Power Saving Techniques
Authors: Eguchi Kei , Zhang Ya Nan , Terada Shinya , Oota Ichirou
Published: October 2014

To achieve various conversion ratios with high power efficiency, a symmetrical digital selecting type switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter with power saving techniques is proposed in this paper. Unlike conventional SC DC-DC converters, the voltage ratio of capacitors is expressed as the ratio of a power of two. By combining some of these capacitors in series, the proposed converter can achieve a larger number of conversion ratios than conventional converters. Furthermore, by employing a symmetrical structure with power saving techniques, the proposed converter can alleviate energy loss due to stray parasitic capacitance. The theoretical analysis and SPICE simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Watermelon Rind: A Potential Adsorbent for Zinc Removal
Authors: Othman Norzila , Kueh Y.S. , Azizul-Rahman F.H. , Hamdan R.
Published: October 2014

The industrial revolution has significantly increase the discharge of wastewater into water bodies with heavy metals. In this study, watermelon rind was used as a biosorbent. Wastewater from mosaic industry was characterized by using flame AAS and zinc was found to have concentration range of 350mg/L to 450mg/L. Watermelon rind was characterized by using XRF and SEM. The results from XRF before biosorption shows the presence of Si to enhance biosorption. Zinc present after biosorption. The optimum pH, biosorbent amount, zinc concentration and contact time were found to be pH8, 1.5g, 400mg/L, and 30minutes respectively. The watermelon rind was proven as an effective biosorbent for zinc removal from aqueous solution
Development of the Electronic Control System for Air-Powered Engine
Authors: Chen Ping Lu , Deng Fang Zhen , Xu Jing , Liu Mu Hua
Published: October 2014

To improve the performances of air-powered engine (APE) used on the pneumatic and its hybrid vehicles, the electronic control system of APE was developed based on the single-chip microcontroller. The design process of hardware and software subsystem of the electronic control system was put forward according to the characteristics of APE and the resources of XC886 chip. The evaluation test was conducted to validate the electronic control system of APE. The experimental results show the control system can function well under any given conditions.
Research Status and Prospect of Transmission Tower Structure Damage Identification
Authors: Liu Wei Xing , Lu Ling , Li Zhi Chun
Published: October 2014

To have a comprehensive summary of existing methods for damage identification of transmission tower so as to provide systematic and effective information, from aspeces of data sources and analytical methods, the existing methods of damage identification were summarized to sort out the technical evolution of the various damage identification methods including the static and dynamic damage identification and inversion and pattern recognition methods.Then, the application status, advantages and disadvantages of various methods were analzed, and the improvement ideas and methods were summarized. Finally, establishment of four-in-one multi-system damage identification method was proposed based on construction monitoring, loads tsets, health monitoring and artificial patrol, which is the development trend of the transmission tower structure damage identification.
The Advantage Analysis of Applying Steel Tube Tower in Large Span Engineering
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Lin Na
Published: October 2014

With the operation of the power engineering, such as west-east electricity transmission, the outside sending of the three gorges, areas network and so on, many large span engineering emerged in different part of China. And among it, the key point of the whole subject is the design of the structure. This essay aims mainly at introducing the history and modern application of steel tube tower. Meanwhile do the analysis comparison for the modeling of the transmission tower according to angle steel tower and steel tube tower under the working condition of high winds. Steel tube tower is better because it is smaller in shape factor of wind load than angle steel tower, so it can reduce the tower weight and fundamental effort, the economical advantage is great.
Centralized Natural Exhaust Ventilation Systems Use in Multi-Story Residential Buildings
Authors: Pukhkal Viktor , Vatin Nikolay , Murgul Vera
Published: October 2014

An analysis of the schemes related to centralized exhaust ventilation systems used in multi-story residential buildings with ventilation units has been made herein. Main disadvantages of such systems have been determined. An aerodynamic scheme of a system with implementation options has been suggested. Calculation method for the systems has been developed
A Novel Energy-Balanced Dynamic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhou Xin Xin , Zhao Yan
Published: October 2014

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is taking an increasing role in our lives. Because the energy of the sensors is limited how to efficiently use the energy to prolong the lifecycle of the sensor networks is very important. In this paper, a novel energy-balanced dynamic routing algorithm based on ACO is proposed. The novel routing algorithm can dynamically choose routing according to the residual energy of the sensors and the sensors with more power is taken more data transfer tasks. The simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm can effectively balance energy consumption and prolong the lifecycle of the networks.
Design of Structural Health Monitoring System Based on WSNs
Authors: Zhou Yue , Liu Shuai , Zhang Li Xin
Published: October 2014

The structural health monitoring technology has been one of the most important issues. In this paper, the design of wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring application is studied. The basic concept, significance, state of the art of structural health monitoring, the architecture and the principle of the wireless structural health monitoring system are described. The hardware and software of the overall system are designed and built. The WLANonSAN architecture network is particularly proposed as a solution for the large-scale networks.
Defect Structure Parameters of Deformed Polycrystals on Micro- and Mesolevel of Grain Sizes
Authors: Kozlov Eduard , Popova Natal'ya , Fedorischeva Marina , Koneva Nina
Published: October 2014

In the paper we consider the size effect of the closed structural formations as the function of accumulation of scalar density dislocations and their components under plastic deformation. The focus is on the role of interfaces of different types. The sizes are determined and the various parameters of the structure defining the micro-and mesolevel are identified at the development of the mechanisms of plastic deformation. The role of statistically stored dislocations (SSD) and geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) in the formation of the defect structure of the material is examined. It has been established that the smaller the size of the closed structure, the greater the GND part and the smaller the SSD component. The work is based on the TEM research of the structure of deformed materials.
Shape Memory Effect and Superelasticity in Single Crystals of High-Strength Ferromagnetic Alloys
Authors: Chumlyakov Yuriy , Kireeva Irina , Panchenko Elena , Timofeeva Ekaterina , Kretinina Irina , Kuts Olga , Karaman Ibrahim , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: October 2014

In the present study the effect of second γ'-phase particles which do not undergo martensitic transformation on the functional properties – shape memory effect and superelasticity, in ferromagnetic FeNiCoAlX (X = Ta, Nb, Ti) and NiFeGaCo single crystals are investigated. Dispersed γ'-phase particles allow to control both mechanical and functional properties due to variation of chemical composition, volume fraction and size of nanoparticles, and to obtain the nanocomposites with complex of necessary properties.
Structure and Property Coating Modification by High Energy Density
Authors: Vlasov Viktor A. , Ivanov Yurii F. , Volokitin Gennady , Teresov Anton D. , Klopotov Аnatoliy A.
Published: October 2014

The paper reviews the results of investigations of the surface layer structure and properties of type 35-L steel and commercially pure titanium modified by plasma flows (arc plasma torch with the powder blown into an arc), electro-explosive alloying of titanium specimens, and high energy electron-beam treatment performed on the vacuum electron-beam plant SOLO. It is shown that the surface treatments under review have lead to a multilayer and multi-phase structure formed by crystalline particles of sub-microsized and nanosized range, mechanical (microhardness) and tribological (wear resistance) properties of which exceed manifold that of the substrate material.
Structure and Properties of Surface Alloys in Ti-Y System
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Teresov Anton D. , Ivanova Olga , Gromov Victor , Raikov Sergei , Sosnin Kirill V. , Semina Olga , Alsaraeva Kseniya
Published: October 2014

The doping of the surface layer of titanium by the yttrium, oxygen and carbon was implemented. Irradiation of the doped layer by intense electron beam leads to the formation of the multiphase structure and the nanosubmicron range having a high microhardness (at 3-fold higher than the hardness of the original structure) and a low coefficient of friction (6 times lower than the friction coefficient of the starting material).
Geometrically Necessary Dislocations in Deformed Martensitic Steel
Authors: Koneva Nina , Popova Natal'ya , Fedorischeva Marina , Kozlov Eduard
Published: October 2014

Effect of a size of closed structural formation on accumulation of dislocation density and its components at plastic deformation is studied. Main attention is given to a role of a division of boundaries of a different type. Structural formation sizes are determined and different parameters of structure defining micro-and mezolevel at development of plastic deformation mechanisms are distinguished. A role of statistically stored dislocations (SSD) and geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) for defect structure formation of a material is examined. It is determined that than a size of closed structural formation is less than that a component of GND is larger and component of SSD is less. The work is based on results of TEM reserches of a structure of deformed materials.
The Influence of Dislocation Junctions on Accumulation of Dislocations in Strained FCC – Single Crystals
Authors: Starenchenko Vladimir , Cherepanov Dmitrii , Kurinnaya Raisa , Zgolich Marina , Selivanikova Olga
Published: October 2014

Dislocation junctions, formed as a result of dislocation reactions, affect the plastic strain process, at least, for two reasons. First of all, junctions serve as barriers to shear-forming dislocations and restrict their path, therefore, the size of the shear zone. Sizes of the shear zone are determined by the density of reacting dislocations in non-coplanar slip systems, forming long enough barriers in the form of dislocation junctions. Secondly, non-breaking dislocation junctions are accumulated inside the shear zone, which leads to an increase in the intensity of the dislocation density accumulation.The present work is devoted to the study of the influence of dislocation junctions on accumulation of the density of dislocation debris (debris junctions) due to formation of stable junctions. For this purpose, the probability density function of lengths in non-breaking junctions is calculated. The model of dislocation interactions, built by the authors of the paper for FCC single crystals, is used.
Numerical Investigation of Combustible Channel Walls Ignited by Gas Flow
Authors: Matvienko Oleg V. , Bubenchikov Aleksei
Published: October 2014

A study is made of the process of ignition of reactive channel walls by a laminar flow of hot gases, including the stages of heating of a substance and of reacting in the surface layer with self-acceleration of the chemical reaction. The process is determined by the heat exchange between the gas and the wall, the strength of the heat source in the chemical-reaction zone, and the sink of heat due to conduction in the radial and axial directions. In the stage of self-heating, we can have heat sink not only deep into the wall and/or through its external boundary but into the gas flow as well. The problem has been solved in a conjugate formulation. The influence of the temperature, the velocity of the gas at the entrance to the channel, and the wall thickness on ignition characteristics has been studied.In spreading a high temperature gas flow in a channel which walls are made of reactable material there appears a problem dealing with the possibility of their ignition by the flow.
Hierarchically Organized Structures of Hardened Composition in Metal and Cement System
Authors: Sarkisov Yurii , Afanasiev Dmitrii , Klopotov Аnatoliy A. , Abzaev Yurii , Klopotov Vladimir D.
Published: October 2014

It is shown how action of the directed laser radiation leads to formation of column educations in cement MgO system – MgO – H3BO3 – H2O. Are considered from feature of structurization in the metal and nonmetallic systems hardening by cooling and hardening of fusions from positions of ap-plication of ideology of hierarchical structures.
Study of Stress Relaxion in Ni3Ge Single Crystals with Anomalous Temperature Strengthening
Authors: Starenchenko Vladimir , Solov'eva Yuliya , Starenchenko Svetlana , Solov'ev Artem
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the results of a study of stress relaxation in Ni3Ge single crystals with the L12 structure oriented along the [001] axis. The anomalous temperature dependence of the strain rate at relaxation has been determined.
The Flow Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Materials
Authors: Langdon Terence
Published: October 2014

Processing through the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) leads to very significant grain refinement with grains that are typically in the submicrometer or even the nanometer range. These ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials provide an opportunity for achieving exceptional flow properties including high strength at ambient temperature and, if the very small grains are reasonably stable, superplastic elongations at high testing temperatures. These flow characteristics are examined for materials processed using the two SPD procedures of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT).
Morphology of γ′-Phase in Ni-Al Superalloy at High-Temperature Annealing
Authors: Nikonenko Elena L. , Popova Natal'ya , Fedorischeva Marina , Koneva Nina , Kozlov Eduard
Published: October 2014

Phase composition and γ′-phase morphology of a superalloy on based N I-Al doped by high-melting elements in it after ordering annealing hawe been studied by TEM, SEM and electron microdiffraction methods. It is revealed that after annealing superalloy comprises mainly γ′-phase (∼90%). The structure, distribution and morphology of γ′-phase is determined.
In Situ Electron Microscopy Studies on the Tensile Deformation Mechanisms in Aluminium 5083 Alloy
Authors: Motsi Glenda T. , Olubambi Peter A. , Sono Tleyane J. , Shoke Lerato
Published: October 2014

In this study tensile deformation mechanisms of aluminium alloy 5083 were investigated under observations made from SEM equipped with a tensile stage. Observations during tensile testing revealed a sequence of surface deformation events. These included micro-cracking of large intermetallic particles, decohesion of small intermetallic particles from the matrix producing microvoids and slip bands distribution. The fracture surface was characterised with closely spaced dimples, typical for aluminium alloys.
Characterisation of Titanium Powder Flow, Shear and Bulk Properties Using the FT4 Powder Rheometer
Authors: Chikosha Silethelwe , Mahlatji Linda M. , Chikwanda Hilda K.
Published: October 2014

In order to reliably design and operate different powder processes, an understanding of the dynamic flow, shear and bulk properties of powders is required. Generally, powders are evaluated by several techniques that determine their flow, shear and bulk properties. The techniques can include compression tests, shear tests, angle of repose, flow of powder in a funnel, tapped density and many others. In order to minimize the number of instruments required to characterise the powder and eliminate operator error, automated powder rheometers that can do most of the required tests have been developed. The FT4 powder rheometer is one of these and has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the FT4 powder rheometer was used to characterise two metallic titanium powders with different particle sizes, namely CSIR Ti-45μm (Fine Powder) and CSIR Ti +45-180μm (Coarse Powder). Their particle size, particle size distribution, bulk densities, compressibility, cohesion, flowability index, effective angle of internal friction and wall friction angle were determined. Preliminary results of the study indicated that fine powder had a lower bulk density, was more compressible and more cohesive than the coarse powder. The fine powder had a lower flowability index compared to the coarse powder for both the Jenike and Peschl classification. The varying degrees of cohesion of these powders were confirmed by the cohesion values that were higher for the fine powder. The fine powder had a lower angle of internal friction but higher wall friction angle compared to the coarse powder.
Fluorination of Rare Earth, Thorium and Uranium Oxides and Phosphates from Monazite: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Kemp Dian , Cilliers Antonie C.
Published: October 2014

Monazite is a light rare earth phosphate which is difficult to process when using conventional chemical processes. It is considered to be one of the most important commercial sources of thorium and lanthanides. Using conventional chemicals to process monazite have caused severe environmental damage as has been demonstrated in the Baotou region, China. Monazite is found in combination with other minerals in nature such as bastnaesite and xenotime. The conventional techniques and chemicals used for the processing of monazite are expensive. In order to address this issue, South Africa would like to beneficiate monazite as part of its mineral beneficiation strategy. Doing so competitively would require a new cheaper and more environmentally friendlier process. A new method for the processing of monazite is currently being investigated. It is proposed to feed the monazite is fed into a plasma reactor to crack it. Potentially the cracking will allow the monazite to be more reactive and susceptible to react with less harsh chemicals. The plasma treated monazite is reacted with a fluorinating compound such as ammonium bifluoride. Ammonium bifluoride is used rather than fluorine or hydrogen fluoride as it is less dangerous to handle. The fluorinated rare earth mixture can now be separated using various methods.
Research on a Novel Miniature Air Compressor Generating both Compressed Air and Vacuum
Authors: Han Jian Hai , Zhang Jie , Fu Dong Liao , Hu Zhi Gang
Published: October 2014

A new kind of miniature air compressor is proposed in this paper. This compressor can produce both compressed air and vacuum. The system structure, operating principle and experimental characteristics of the novel miniature air compressor are described in detail. The experimental results prove that the shift between air compressor mode and vacuum pump mode is possible and the design of system structure is appropriate.
Research on the Compound Frequency Tracking Mode of Ultrasonic Power Based on DSP
Authors: Li Chang You , Wu Xiao Qian , Jia Ming Ming
Published: October 2014

Aiming at the problem that the tracking frequency range of ultrasonic power is fixed, and the accuracy of tacking frequency is low, the tactics of digital phase-locked loop frequency tracking technology combined with changing step searching circuit peak is proposed. The frequency tracking is achieved by combining the advantages of digital phase-locked loop frequency tracking technology with changing step searching circuit peak, building the digital phase detector circuit and current effective value converter circuit, taking the feedback of sampling the phase and circuit peak as basic of frequency tracking. Build the simulating model in Multisim. The experiment results show that composite frequency tracking strategy can effectively achieve frequency tracking and dynamically lock transducer multi-modal resonance.
Research on the Impact Vibration Characteristic of the Spindle System
Authors: Fu Peng Qiang , Wang Sheng Fei , Zhang Chao , Zhang Fei Hu
Published: October 2014

The components of spindle system are key components in ultra precision machine tool. According to the characteristics of the machining process of vertical hydrostatic spindle system for ultra-precision fly cutting machine, the mass- stiffness model of the spindle system is established. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the spindle system under the action of external shocks. The use of the state space method is discussed and an example is given. The influence law of vibration frequency is obtained for the various mass and stiffness value of the spindle system components.
Lapping and Polishing of Sapphire Wafer with Fixed Abrasive Pad
Authors: Wang Jian Bin , Zhu Yong Wei , Xu Jun , Wang Zhan Kui , Miao Ji Hua
Published: October 2014

The processing technology of sapphire with a high material removal rate a good surface quality is critical for its applications. The experiment of sapphire lapping and polishing was carried out by using three different fixed abrasive pad (FAP). Their material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured and analyzed. Results indicate that a MRR of 5.6μm/min reaches in rough lapping and a MRR of 0.4μm/min in fine lapping. The average surface roughness Ra of rough lapping and fine lapping is 142nm and 1.2nm respectively. The processing efficiency of sapphire wafer is effectively improved and a good surface quality is obtained when FAP adopted.
An Experimental Investigation of Temperatures in Grinding of Ceramics with a Brazed Diamond Tool
Authors: Xiang Xin , Wang Jiang Quan , Shen Jian Yun , Xu Xi Peng
Published: October 2014

An investigation is reported of the relationships of the temperatures and grinding parameter for grinding of ceramics with a brazed diamond grinding tool. During the experiments, the temperature distributions along the workpiece surface were measured using a foil thermocouples and the energy partition to the workpiece estimated using a temperature matching method. The results show that the grinding temperature increased with the increasing of worktable feed rate or tool velocity and depth of grinding. The measured temperature responses were found to be in good relation with the analytical results of a moving heat source with a rectangular distribution at the grinding zone.The energy partition ε is about 23%.
Design of Lapping Paste in Lapping 304 Ultra-Thin Stainless Steel Sheet
Authors: Fan Song Zhan , Fu Su Fang , Yao Jian Guo , Ma Li Jie , Su Jian Xiu
Published: October 2014

Ultra-thin stainless steel sheet is likely to be the ideal substrate materials used for flexible display. In order to obtain ultra-thin stainless steel substrate with high accuracy, low surface roughness and without damage, the ultra-precision lapping and chemical mechanical polishing technology must be used. In this paper, the lapping paste for stainless steel has been designed using the orthogonal experiment method. According to the range analysis method, an optimal lapping paste had been obtained. Tests lapping the 304 stainless steel sheet with the optimal lapping paste have been done. The test results show that the MRR is about 240nm/min and the surface rough Ra is about 128 nm. This research results can provide theory support for ultra precision machining the stainless steel.
Sugarcane Bagasse as the Potential Agro-Waste Resource for the Immobilization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442
Authors: Shaharuddin Shahrulzaman , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan , Muhamad Ida Idayu
Published: October 2014

Sugarcane bagasse was successfully developed to be used as immobilizing agent for Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442. Several different structural and morphology were obtained between the sugarcane bagasse and immobilized probiotic-sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was able to preserved high cell viability (~98%) after immobilization. Also it was shown that the bagasse was an excellent biomaterial for immobilizing Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442 and retaining the cell viability.
Automatic Alarm of Tobacco Blending Accuracy Based on PLC Control System
Authors: Cao Yan Yan , Cui Li Gong , He Xiang Guang
Published: October 2014

The tobacco blending is a special process in the tobacco product line. It plays a very important role in this area because it will affect the quality of the tobacco. The instant blending accuracy of the technological requirement is higher than 85%. This paper introduces an automatic alarm of tobacco blending accuracy based on PLC control system. The automatic alarming system is available and we can greatly improve the producing and automatic level. This is worth extending in the tobacco industry.
Embodied Carbon Potential of Conventional Construction Materials Used in Typical Malaysian Single Storey Low Cost House Using Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Authors: Gardezi Syed Shujaa Safdar , Shafiq Nasir , Zawawi Noor Amila Wan Abdullah , Farhan Syed Ahmad
Published: October 2014

The housing sector of Malaysia plays a very prominent role in meeting the major requirements of accommodation throughout the country. However, this sector consumes a handsome amount of resources among which the construction materials are a prime resource. Besides the valuable contribution of housing sector, the building materials used make a significant contribution in embodied CO2 emissions. In order to access the magnitude of CO2 from housing sector, it is necessary that effect of embodied CO2 emissions from the materials used in conventional housing construction in Malaysia shall also be studied. This study focuses on the embodied CO2 emission from the materials used in construction of a typical low cost house which are commonly adopted in Malaysia. The virtual model of selected single storey low cost house was developed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept. The results highlighted that bricks (37%), concrete (22%), mild steel (19%), steel rebar (7%) and roof tiles (6%) are the top five materials responsible for CO2 emissions. The overall contribution of single storey house in terms of embodied CO2 emissions is observed to be 34 kg-CO2 / sq. ft. This study has helped to highlight the potential contribution of conventional materials used in typical housing sector of Malaysia.
Experimental Study of a Piezoelectric Rain Energy Harvester
Authors: Wong Voon Kean , Ho Jee Hou , Yap Eng Hwa
Published: October 2014

Over the past few decades there has been significant advancement in the development of microelectronics. This has attracted attention of micro-scale energy harvester systems that could harvest energy from the operating environment of the microsystem. In this paper, rain energy harvesting using piezoelectric beam is tested. This paper seeks to create an experimentally validated proof of concept piezoelectric rain energy harvester using a piezoelectric beam. A rain simulator consists of six solenoid valves is designed to simulate different rain types. The effect of multiple water droplets impinging different positions on the piezoelectric beam is studied in this paper. Results show that a 4.5 ± 0.2 mm diameter water droplet falling at height of 0.82 m impinging the piezoelectric energy harvester is capable of generating a peak power of 0.16 mW.
Workability of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Blended Waste Materials
Authors: Nagaratnam Brabha H. , Rahman M.E. , Mirasa A.K. , Mannan M.A.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the workability properties of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing a ternary mix binder using Ordinary Portland Cement and agro-industrial wastes i.e; palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and low calcium based fly ash (FA). The mixtures were prepared with 0 to 40% cement replacement using agro-industrial wastes at 10% intervals. Water to binder ratio and cement content is kept constant at 0.38 and 540 kg/m3 respectively. Self-compact-ability parameters investigated were Slump flow, J-Ring, V-Funnel, Sieve Stability and Visual Stability Index Tests. It is found that agro-industrial wastes provide a positive effect on the workability properties of self-compacting concrete.
FTIR and Electrical Studies of Hexanoyl Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Muhammad F.H. , Fadzil A.F.M. , Winie Tan
Published: October 2014

Films of hexanoyl chitosan-based polymer electrolytes were prepared using solution casting technique. The interactions between hexanoyl chitosan-lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR results showed that there is a possible complexation between the electron donor of hexanoyl chitosan and DMC with lithium salt due to the shifting in the wavenumber and changes in the intensity of the infrared bands. The obtained spectroscopic data has been correlated with the conductivity performance of hexanoyl chitosan-based polymer electrolyte. The ionic conductivity was increased with addition of filler TiO2 and plasticizer DMC to the electrolyte system.
In2O3-Based Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis as Promising Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Korotcenkov Ghenadii , Brinzari V. , Trakhtenberg L. , Cho B.K.
Published: October 2014

Structural, electrophysical and thermoelectric properties of nanoscaled In2O3films doped by Sn and Zn were studied. Thin films based on In2O3-SnO2and In2O3-SnO2-ZnO systems were prepared by spray pyrolysis method from water solutions of metal chlorides. It was confirmed that In2O3-based films, especially the In2O3:Sn ones, are promising material for applications related to thermoelectricity. The power factor of obtained films was found to be on the level of the best samples prepared on the base of ITO system.
Porous GaN for Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Mohd Noor Nurul Huda , Hassan Zainuriah , Yam F.K.
Published: October 2014

Porous wide bandgap semiconductors have been widely studied in the last decade due to their unique properties compared to the bulk crystals. GaN received attention from the researchers as an ideal material to fabricate chemical sensing devices due to its excellent properties such as high thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities, large band gap and high breakdown voltage. In this work, porous GaN was prepared by ultraviolet (UV) assisted electroless chemical etching method. The samples used in this study were commercial n-GaN grown on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates. The samples were initially cleaned in 1:20 NH4OH:H2O, followed by second cleaning in 1:50 HF:H2O and final cleaning in 3:1 HCl: HNO3and these samples were etched in HF:H2O2:CH3OH under UV illumination for 60 minutes. The structural properties was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydrogen sensor was subsequently fabricated by depositing Pd Schottky contact onto the porous GaN sample. The effect of sensing dilute H2gas with different concentration which is 1% and 2% H2in a N2gas ambient was analyzed. The Schottky barrier height of the gas sensor samples was reduced upon exposure to gas. The porous GaN resulted better sensitivity compared to the as grown GaN sample in H2gas sensing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Octaethoxycalix[4]Arene for Heavy Metal Cations Adsorbent
Authors: Gusti Ngurah Budiana I M. , Jumina  , Anwar Chairil , Mustofa
Published: October 2014

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of octaethoxycalix [4] arene as the heavy metal cations adsorbent has been carried out. The synthesis of the target molecule was conducted in five steps. The first step was synthesis of 2,4-diethoxy benzaldehide via Riemer-Tieman reaction of resorcinol and chloroform, followed by o-ethylaton, reduction using NaBH4 and ciclytation using AlCl3 catalyst. The characterization was performed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrometry. In this research the study of adsorption was also investigated. The product was obtained as white solid, melting point at 205oC-207oC with 69.74% yield. The adsorption result showed that optimum pH of the Cr3+ was 7 and the optimum pH of the Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 5. The percentage of Pb2+ and Cd2+cations which removed by octaethoxycalix [4] arene were 55.556% and 89.895% respectively. When the pH was 7, adsorption Cr3+ almost 100%. Equilibrium adsorption data of octaethoxycalix [4] arene was carried out at 298 K. Two isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir) were tested for modeling the adsorption isotherms. The Langmuir isoterm model showed more applicable than Freundlich. The Adsorption of octaethoxycalix [4] arene was determined on acidity where optimum adsorption happened in bonderline acidity level. The study of kinetic adsorption showed that octaetoxycalix [4] arene followed the kinetic model of Ho. The adsorption capacity (μmol/g) and adsorption energy (kJ/mol) octaetoxycalix [4] arene adsorbent in adsorption of Cr (III), Pb (II) and Cd (II) were (211.30: 26.46), (12.07: 26.64) and (67.730:26.46).
Prediction of Friction Stir Processed AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Micro-Hardness Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Darras Basil M. , Deiab Ibrahim M. , Naser Ahmed
Published: October 2014

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a microstructural modification technique. In FSP, the material undergoes intense plastic deformation, yielding a dynamically recrystallized fine grain structure. One of the most important issues that need to be tackled in this field is the lack of predictive tools. That enables the selection of the optimum parameters required to achieve the desired modifications on the mechanical properties of the processed materials. In this study, the effects of different FSP parameters (rotational and translational speeds) on the resulting micro-hardness of friction stir processed AZ31 magnesium sheets are examined. Variations of micro-hardness with longitudinal and through-thickness positions are also investigated. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to model and predict the resulting micro-hardness.
Temperature Dependence of Second and Higher Order Elastic Constants of Orientationally Disordered (NH4I)x (KI)1-x Mixed Crystals
Authors: Tiwari Alpana
Published: October 2014

We have incorporated the translational rotational (TR) coupling effects in the framework of three body force shell model (TSM) to develop an extended TSM (ETSM). This ETSM has been applied to reveal the second order elastic constants (C11, C12and C44) in the dilute regimes 0≤ x ≤ 0.50 as a function of temperature for 10K≤T≤300K. The anomalous elastic behaviour in C44below 100 K has been depicted well by ETSM results in the orientationally disordered (NH4I)x(KI)1-xmixed crystals. In order to present a visual comparison of the TR-coupling effect on second order elastic constants, we have evaluated the SOECs with and without TR coupling term in ETSM. Besides third order elastic constants have also been studied and discussed for concentration range 0≤x≤0.50 as a function of temperature for 10K≤T≤300K.
Experiment Study and Simulation Research for the Atomization Characteristics of the Internal-Mixing Twin-Fluid Atomizer
Authors: Bai Peng Bo , Xing Yu Ming , Wang Ze
Published: October 2014

The internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer has found wide application in aerospace, industrial gas turbine, oil-fired boiler, energy field and so on. The atomization characteristics of internal mixing nozzle under different operating conditions are studied by utilizing the Malvern laser particle size analyzer. According to the experiment results, the influence of air pressure, hydraulic pressure and air-liquid ratio to droplet size and uniformity are analyzed. The three-dimensional flow field model of internal mixing nozzle is built to simulate the droplet size of mixing room and outlet by Fluent. The simulation results show that the droplet size decreases along with the increase of the air pressure and the air-liquid ratio, moreover, the air pressure plays a main actor. The droplet size increases in the mixing room, and then decrease sharply at the domain of the outlet. The droplet size of the nozzle’s outlet obtained in simulation matches the experimental result.
Chain Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Property of the Vinylidenefluoride and Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymers
Authors: Zeng Guo Ping , Yue Chun Bo , Weng Ya Qing , Wang Ming Yu , Li Heng Feng
Published: October 2014

A series of vinylidenefluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) copolymers were prepared by radical copolymerization, the chain elements structures of the copolymers were gain with the elemental analysis, and the crystal regions with X-ray diffraction spectrum. The effect of chain elements structure on the crystallinity and dynamic mechanical properties was discussed with the DMA analysis. The result shows: the increasing of the CTFE content decreases the chain elements structure of VDF-VDF, the random distribution of VDF-CTFE structure has a great effect on the crystallization properties and the dynamic mechanical properties. The increasing of CTFE content improves the storage modulus and the damping of copolymers in the amorphous copolymers, while the distribution of chain segments’ length gets narrower.