bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 variant contributes to anatomical variations in mice
Authors: Agata Ako , Ohtsuka Satoshi , Noji Ryota , Gotoh Hitoshi , Ono Katsuhiko , Nomura Tadashi
Published: November 2023

Changes in genomic structures underlie phenotypic diversification in organisms. Amino acid-changing mutations affect pleiotropic functions of proteins, although little is known about how mutated proteins are adapted in existing developmental programs. Here we investigate the biological effects of a variant of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3R1537C) carried in Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are extinct hominins close to modern humans. R1537C does not compromise protein stability or GLI3 activator-dependent transcriptional activities. In contrast, R1537C affects the regulation of downstream target genes associated with developmental processes. Furthermore, genome-edited mice carrying the Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 mutation exhibited various alterations in skeletal morphology. Our data suggest that an extinct hominin-type GLI3 contributes to species-specific anatomical variations, which were tolerated by relaxed constraint in developmental programs during human evolution.
A comparative analysis of fruit fly and human glutamate dehydrogenases in Drosophila melanogaster sperm development
Authors: Vedelek Viktor , Vedelek Balázs , Lőrincz Péter , Juhász Gábor , Sinka Rita
Published: November 2023

Glutamate dehydrogenases are enzymes that take part in both amino acid and energy metabolism. Their role is clear in many biological processes, from neuronal function to cancer development. The putative testis-specific Drosophila glutamate dehydrogenase, Bb8, is required for male fertility and the development of mitochondrial derivatives in spermatids. Testis-specific genes are less conserved and could gain new functions, thus raising a question whether Bb8 has retained its original enzymatic activity. We show that while Bb8 displays glutamate dehydrogenase activity, there are significant functional differences between the housekeeping Gdh and the testis-specific Bb8. Both human GLUD1 and GLUD2 can rescue the bb8ms mutant phenotype, with superior performance by GLUD2. We also tested the role of three conserved amino acids observed in both Bb8 and GLUD2 in Gdh mutants, which showed their importance in the glutamate dehydrogenase function. The findings of our study indicate that Drosophila Bb8 and human GLUD2 could be novel examples of convergent molecular evolution. Furthermore, we investigated the importance of glutamate levels in mitochondrial homeostasis during spermatogenesis by ectopic expression of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter Aralar1, which caused mitochondrial abnormalities in fly spermatids. The data presented in our study offer evidence supporting the significant involvement of glutamate metabolism in sperm development.
Temporal dynamics and composition of ocular surface microbiota in C57BL/6J mice: uncovering a 12h ultradian rhythm
Authors: Jiao Xinwei , Li Zhijie
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the presence of rhythmic fluctuations in the composition, abundance, and functions of commensal core bacteria on the ocular surface of C57BL/6J mice.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 weeks, were subjected to a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Ocular surface tissue samples were collected at four time points (ZT) over a 24-hour period at six-hour intervals. The core ocular surface microbiota’s oscillation cycles and frequencies were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region, along with the JTK_CYCLE algorithm. Functional predictions of these bacteria were conducted using PICRUSt2.

Results

Deep sequencing of the ocular surface microbiota highlighted the high abundance of commensal bacteria, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes collectively constituting over 90% of the total sample abundance. Among the 22 core bacterial genera, 11 exhibited robust 12-hour rhythms, including Halomonas, Pelagibacterium, Pseudomonas, Nesterenkonia, norank_f_Hyphomonadaceae, Stenotrophomonas, Anoxybacillus, Acinetobacter, Zoogloea, Brevibacillus, and Ralstonia. Further taxonomic analysis indicated significant intra-cluster similarities and inter-cluster differences at the order, family, and genus levels during ZT0/12 and ZT6/18. Community interaction networks and functional prediction analyses revealed synchronized 12-hour rhythmic oscillations in neural, immune, metabolic, and other pathways associated with symbiotic bacteria.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the presence of ultradian rhythmic oscillations in commensal bacteria on the ocular surface of normal C57BL/6J mice, with a 12-hour cycle. These findings suggest a crucial role for ultradian rhythms in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis in the host.
Experimental infection of non-immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed goats reveals differential pathogenesis of Babesia aktasi n. sp.
Authors: Ozubek Sezayi , Ulucesme Mehmet Can , Bastos Reginaldo G. , Alzan Heba F. , Laughery Jacob M. , Suarez Carlos E. , Aktas Munir
Published: November 2023

Babesiosis is an acute and persistent tick-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. These hemoparasites affect vertebrates globally, resulting in symptoms such as high fever, anemia, jaundice, and even death. Advancements in molecular parasitology revealed new Babesia species/genotypes affecting sheep and goats, including Babesia aktasi n. sp., which is highly prevalent in goats from Turkiye’s Mediterranean region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of B. aktasi infection in immunosuppressed (n=7) and non-immunosuppressed (n=6) goats. These animals were experimentally infected with fresh B. aktasi infected blood, and their clinical signs, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored throughout the infection. The presence of parasites in the blood of immunosuppressed goats was detected by microscopic examination between 4 and 6 days after infection, accompanied by fever and increasing parasitemia. Goats that succumbed acute disease exhibited severe clinical signs, such as anemia, hemoglobinuria, and loss of appetite. However, the goats that survived showed milder clinical signs. In the non-immunosuppressed group, piroplasm forms of B. aktasi were observed in the blood within 2-5 days after inoculation, but with low (0.01-0.2%) parasitemia. Although these goats showed loss of appetite, typical signs of babesiosis were absent except for increased body temperature. Hematological analysis revealed significant decreases in the levels of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelet values post-infection in immunosuppressed goats, while no significant hematological changes were observed in non-immunosuppressed goats. In addition, serum biochemical analysis showed elevated transaminase liver enzymes levels, decreased glucose, and lower total protein values in the immunosuppressed group post-infection. Babesia aktasi, caused mild disease with minor clinical symptoms in non-immunosuppressed goats. However, in immunosuppressed goats, it exhibited remarkable pathogenicity, leading to severe clinical infections and death. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the pathogenicity of the parasite and will serve as a foundation for future research aimed at developing effective prevention and control strategies against babesiosis in small ruminants. Further research is required to investigate the pathogenicity of B. aktasi in various goat breeds, other potential hosts, the vector ticks involved, and its presence in natural reservoirs.
Feasibility of a remotely-delivered yoga intervention on cognitive function in breast cancer survivors: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Neville Alyssa R. , Bernstein Lori J. , Sabiston Catherine M. , Jones Jennifer M. , Trinh Linda
Published: November 2023

Background

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common, persistent quality of life complaint among breast cancer survivors (BCS), however there remain no proven treatments. There is emerging evidence that aerobic exercise and yoga may improve CRCI. There remains limited research on the safety and feasibility of virtually-supervised, remotely-delivered yoga interventions among cancer survivors, and no yoga studies to date have assessed cognitive function as a primary outcome in BCS. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of an 8-week, remotely-delivered yoga intervention and examine its impact on cognitive function, fatigue, and exercise levels in BCS using a concurrent mixed-methods design.

Methods

Participants completed objective and self-report cognitive function measures (NIH Toolbox remote cognitive battery, PsyToolkit Task Switch test, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function [FACT-Cog3]); fatigue (Revised-Piper Fatigue Scale); and exercise activity level (modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) before and after the yoga intervention. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted post-intervention to understand participants' experiences with the yoga intervention, CRCI, and fatigue.

Results

The intervention surpassed a priori feasibility indicators (adherence rate = 83.7%, attrition rate = 5.4%, no adverse events). Participants (n = 18, Mage= 52.2 ± 10.1) had significant improvements in objective memory, fatigue, and weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise post-intervention. Qualitative themes indicated that participants found the remote intervention to be enjoyable and beneficial.

Conclusions

In this small proof-of-concept study, remotely-delivered yoga appears safe and effective at improving CRCI. Future randomized controlled trials examining the impact of remotely-delivered yoga interventions on cognitive function in BCS are warranted.
Experimental study on the evolutionary characteristics of acoustic signals produced by granite under biaxial compression with different intermediate principal stresses
Authors: Lu Yongsong , Li Peifeng , Cai Wei
Published: November 2023

Biaxial compression is a typical stress state experienced by the surrounding rock near the excavation boundaries under deep underground engineering, frequently resulting in engineering geological disasters (spalling and rockburst). The motivation to mitigate the risk and damage of these disasters has led us to compressively examine the evolutionary characteristics of acoustic signals [microseismic (MS) events, sound and acoustic emission (AEs)] produced by granite under biaxial compression with different intermediate principal stresses. These characteristics include time (activeness and b value) and frequency (main frequency and proportion of the advantage frequency bands) domains. The results suggest that: 1) the signal properties-driven order of activeness under low and high intermediate principal stresses for the initial stresses were as follows: AE accounted for 37.4% and 43.5% of σpeak, MS for 61.1% and 66% of σpeak, and sound for 81.8% and 85.5% of σpeak. 2) The notable distinction in precursors of different acoustic signals before granite failure was confirmed: the sequential relationship in the continuous decrease rate of the b value (AE < MS < sound), the occurrence (only existing in AE signals) of a few signals with extremely high amplitude (the “quiescent period”) and the different frequency-change rule in the proportion of the advantage frequency bands. 3) The strong influences of intermediate principal stress on the signal precursors were determined; these precursors in the activeness, b value, and proportion are negative to intermediate principal stress, whereas that of the main frequency shows a positive correlation. Consequently, these findings can contribute integrated usage of the multifrequency signals in the prediction and warning of geological disasters under deep underground engineering.
Short-term wind power prediction based on anomalous data cleaning and optimized LSTM network
Authors: Xu Wu , Shen Zhifang , Fan Xinhao , Liu Yang
Published: November 2023

Wind power prediction values are often unstable. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support for large-scale grid integration of power systems by analyzing units from three different regions in China and using neural networks to improve power prediction accuracy. The variables that have the greatest impact on power are screened out using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Optimize LSTM with Lion Swarm Algorithm (LSO) and add GCT attention module for optimization. Short-term predictions of actual power are made for Gansu (Northwest China), Hebei (Central Plains), and Zhejiang (Coastal China). The results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the nine units ranges from 9.156% to 16.38% and the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.028 to 1.546 MW for power prediction for the next 12 h. The MAPE of the units ranges from 11.36% to 18.58% and the RMSE ranges from 2.065 to 2.538 MW for the next 24 h. Furthermore, the LSTM is optimized by adding the GCT attention module to optimize the LSTM. 2.538 MW. In addition, compared with the model before data cleaning, the 12 h prediction error MAPE and RMSE are improved by an average of 34.82% and 38.10%, respectively; and the 24 h prediction error values are improved by an average of 26.32% and 20.69%, which proves the necessity of data cleaning and the generalizability of the model. The subsequent research content was also identified.
Scleral changes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chen Lulu , Meng Lihui , Sun Lu , Chen Youxin
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine scleral thickness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinically evident scleritis and episcleritis, utilizing swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

This cross-sectional single center study compared scleral thickness (Nasal scleral thickness 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 6mm from scleral spur; Temporal scleral thickness 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 6mm from scleral spur) in 73 SLE patients without clinically evident scleritis and episcleritis and 48 healthy volunteers with SS-OCT. Further, we investigated the correlation between scleral thickness in SLE patients and various parameters including laboratory markers, disease duration, disease activity, and organ involvement.

Results

Across all measured sites (nasal scleral thickness at distances of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 6mm from the scleral spur, and temporal scleral thickness at the same distances), the scleral thickness in the SLE group was significantly greater than that in the control group (all p-values <0.001). SLE patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less exhibited a higher scleral thickness compared to those with a more prolonged disease duration. Patients with a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a thinner temporal scleral thickness. However, no significant associations were identified between scleral thickness and disease activity, organ involvement, or other laboratory markers.

Conclusion

Scleral thickness measured by SS-OCT was higher in SLE patients than healthy controls. Changes in scleral thickness in SLE patients are related to disease duration and ESR. SS-OCT can detect asymptomatic structural changes in SLE patients and may be a useful tool in the evaluation of early scleral abnormality.
Common autoimmune diseases and urticaria: the causal relationship from a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Mingyi , Su Yani , Xu Ke , Wen Pengfei , Zhang Binfei , Guo Jianbin , Nan Kai , Yang Peng , Shao Xiaolong , Liu Lin , Yang Zhi , Xu Peng
Published: November 2023

Objective

The immune response assumes a pivotal role in the underlying mechanisms of urticaria pathogenesis. The present study delves into an investigation of the genetic causal connections between urticaria and prevalent autoimmune afflictions, notably rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods

A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationships involving four autoimmune diseases and urticaria. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of four autoimmune disease were sourced from the IEU OpenGWAS database. The GWAS summary data for urticaria were derived from the Finnish consortium dataset. The principal analytical approach employed in this study was the random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Subsequently, a series of sensitivity analyses were performed, encompassing assessments of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, outliers, “Leave-one-out” analyses, and tests for adherence to the assumption of normal distribution.

Results

The random-effects IVW analysis indicate a positive genetic causal association between RA and urticaria (P < 0.001, OR 95% CI = 1.091 [1.051-1.133]). Conversely, SLE, UC, and CD do not exhibit a significant genetic causal relationship with urticaria. The reverse MR analysis reveals a positive genetic causal linkage between urticaria and SLE (P = 0.026, OR 95% CI = 1.289 [1.031-1.612]). However, the analysis demonstrates no substantial genetic causal relationship between urticaria and RA, UC, or CD. Importantly, the genetic causal assessment absence of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and outliers. Furthermore, it remains unaffected by any individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), demonstrating adherence to a normal distribution.

Conclusion

This investigation establishing RA as a predisposing factor for urticaria. Moreover, urticaria as a plausible risk determinant for SLE. Heightened vigilance is recommended among RA patients to monitor the manifestation of urticaria within clinical settings. Similarly, individuals afflicted by urticaria should duly acknowledge the prospective susceptibility to SLE.
Advances in oncolytic herpes simplex virus and adenovirus therapy for recurrent glioma
Authors: Hu Mingming , Liao XuLiang , Tao Yi , Chen Yaohui
Published: November 2023

Recurrent glioma treatment is challenging due to molecular heterogeneity and treatment resistance commonly observed in these tumors. Researchers are actively pursuing new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising option. Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate within tumor cells, destroying them and stimulating the immune system for an enhanced anticancer response. Among Oncolytic viruses investigated for recurrent gliomas, oncolytic herpes simplex virus and oncolytic adenovirus show notable potential. Genetic modifications play a crucial role in optimizing their therapeutic efficacy. Different generations of replicative conditioned oncolytic human adenovirus and oncolytic HSV have been developed, incorporating specific modifications to enhance tumor selectivity, replication efficiency, and immune activation. This review article summarizes these genetic modifications, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of Oncolytic viruses’ therapy. It also aims to identify strategies for further enhancing the therapeutic benefits of Oncolytic viruses. However, it is important to acknowledge that additional research and clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal utilization of Oncolytic viruses in treating recurrent glioblastoma.
Dermatophyte infection: from fungal pathogenicity to host immune responses
Authors: Deng Ruixin , Wang Xiaowen , Li Ruoyu
Published: November 2023

Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of pathogenic keratinophilic fungi. Apart from invasion against skin barrier, host immune responses to dermatophytes could also lead to pathologic inflammation and tissue damage to some extent. Therefore, it is of great help to understand the pathogenesis of dermatophytes, including fungal virulence factors and anti-pathogen immune responses. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in host-fungal interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of anti-fungal immunity and the relationship between immune deficiency and chronic dermatophytosis, in order to facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the outcomes of these patients.
Genetic evidence supporting the causal role of gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD: a bilateral two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ren Feihong , Jin Qiubai , Jin Qi , Qian Yiyun , Ren Xuelei , Liu Tongtong , Zhan Yongli
Published: November 2023

Background

The association of gut microbiota (GM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the relevancy of GM and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD, were revealed on the basis of researches on gut–kidney axis in previous studies. However, their causal relationships are still unclear.

Objective

To uncover the causal relationships between GM and CKD, as well as all known GM from eligible statistics and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Materials and methods

We acquired the latest and most comprehensive summary statistics of genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the published materials of GWAS involving GM, CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), c-reactive protein (CRP) and urine albumin creatine ratio (UACR). Subsequently, two-sample MR analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used to determine the causality of exposure and outcome. Based on it, additional analysis and sensitivity analysis verified the significant results, and the possibility of reverse causality was also assessed by reverse MR analysis during this study.

Results

At the locus-wide significance threshold, IVW method and additional analysis suggested that the protective factors for CKD included family Lachnospiraceae (P=0.049), genus Eubacterium eligens group (P=0.002), genus Intestinimonas (P=0.009), genus Streptococcu (P=0.003) and order Desulfovibrionales (P=0.001). Simultaneously, results showed that genus LachnospiraceaeUCG010 (P=0.029) was a risk factor for CKD. Higher abundance of genus Desulfovibrio (P=0.048) was correlated with higher eGFR; higher abundance of genus Parasutterella (P=0.018) was correlated with higher UACR; higher abundance of class Negativicutes (P=0.003), genus Eisenbergiella (P=0.021), order Selenomonadales (P=0.003) were correlated with higher CRP levels; higher abundance of class Mollicutes (0.024), family Prevotellaceae (P=0.030), phylum Tenericutes (P=0.024) were correlated with lower levels of CRP. No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in the results of sensitivity analysis, and no significant causality was found in reverse MR analysis.

Conclusion

This study highlighted associations within gut-kidney axis, and the causal relationships between GM and CKD, as well as GM and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD were also revealed. Meanwhile, we expanded specific causal gut microbiota through comprehensive searches. With further studies for causal gut microbiota, they may have the potential to be new biomarkers for targeted prevention of CKD and chronic systemic inflammation in CKD.
F-box protein 43 promoter methylation as a novel biomarker for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Jing-Wei , Su Xing , Li Jin-E , Wei Xue-Fei , Yang Jie-Ru , Gao Shuai , Fan Yu-Chen , Wang Kai
Published: November 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and poor prognosis worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to find effective and timely diagnostic markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of F-box protein 43 promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for HCC.

Method

A total of 247 participants were included in this study, comprising individuals with 123 hepatitis B virus-associated HCC, 79 chronic hepatitis B, and 45 healthy controls. F-box protein 43 methylation and mRNA levels in PBMCs were detected by MethyLight and quantitative real-time PCR.

Result

F-box protein 43 promoter methylation levels were significantly lower in HCC PBMCs than the chronic hepatitis B (P < 0.001) and healthy control PBMCs (P < 0.001). Relative mRNA expression levels of F-box protein 43 in HCC PBMCs were significantly higher than those in chronic hepatitis B (P < 0.001) and healthy control PBMCs (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of F-box protein 43 promoter methylation levels yielded an area under curve (AUC) of 0.793 with 76.42% sensitivity and 68.35% specificity when differentiating HCC from chronic hepatitis. These values for the F-box protein 43 promoter methylation level were superior to those of the alpha-fetoprotein serum (AFP) level (AUC: 0.780, sensitivity: 47.97%, and specificity: 96.20%), with increments in values for the combination of F-box protein 43 promoter methylation AFP levels (AUC: 0.888, sensitivity: 76.42%, and specificity: 86.08%).

Conclusion

Hypomethylation of the F-box protein 43 promoter in PBMCs is a promising biochemical marker for HBV-associated HCC.
Virtual reality as a tool to explore multisensory processing before and after engagement in physical activity
Authors: Basharat Aysha , Mehrabi Samira , Muñoz John E. , Middleton Laura E. , Cao Shi , Boger Jennifer , Barnett-Cowan Michael
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This pilot study employed a non-randomized control trial design to explore the impact of physical activity within a virtual reality (VR) environment on multisensory processing among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

The investigation compared both chronic (over 6 weeks) and acute effects of VR-based physical activity to a reading control group. The evaluation metrics for multisensory processing included audiovisual response time (RT), simultaneity judgments (SJ), sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI), and temporal order judgments (TOJ). A total of 13 older adults were provided with VR headsets featuring custom-designed games, while another 14 older adults were assigned to a reading-based control group.

Results

Results indicated that acute engagement in physical activity led to higher accuracy in the SIFI task (experimental group: 85.6%; control group: 78.2%; p = 0.037). Additionally, both chronic and acute physical activity resulted in quicker response times (chronic: experimental group = 336.92; control group = 381.31; p = 0.012; acute: experimental group = 333.38; control group = 383.09; p = 0.006). Although the reading group showed a non-significant trend for greater improvement in mean RT, covariate analyses revealed that this discrepancy was due to the older age of the reading group.

Discussion

The findings suggest that immersive VR has potential utility for enhancing multisensory processing in older adults. However, future studies must rigorously control for participant variables like age and sex to ensure more accurate comparisons between experimental and control conditions.
What is the analgesic range of acupuncture stimulus for treating acute pain?
Authors: Choi Kwang-Ho , Cho Seong Jin , Kim Minji , Kwon O Sang , Kang Suk-Yun , Seo Su Yeon , Bang Se Kyun , Ryu Yeonhee
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Since the analgesic effect of acupuncture stimulation is derived from different mechanisms depending on the type of pain, it is important to know which acupuncture points to stimulate. In this study, to confirm the effect of acupuncture stimulation on acute pain from a neurological point of view, somatosensory evoked potential and sensory threshold changes were evaluated to identify the nerve range that is affected by acupuncture stimulation on LI4 (Hapgok acupuncture point, of the radial nerve) during acute pain.

Methods

The subjects were 40 healthy men and women aged 19–35 years. The study was designed as a randomly controlled, crossover trial with acupuncture stimulation at LI4 as the intervention. The washout period for acupuncture stimulation was 2 weeks, and the subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., an acupuncture stimulation group and a nonstimulation group, with 10 men and 10 women in each group. Somatosensory evoked potential measurement was carried out for 5 min by alternately applying 2 HZ-pulse electrical stimulation to the thumb and the little finger of the hand acupunctured with a 64-channel electroencephalogram. The verbal rating scale was used before and after each acupuncture stimulation session.

Result and discussion

The results of the study confirmed that the somatosensory evoked potential amplitude value of the thumb was significantly decreased and that the intensity of sensory stimulation corresponding to a verbal rating scale score of 6 was significantly increased only in the thumb after acupuncture stimulation. Therefore, the results show that acupuncture treatment for acute pain is more effective when direct acupuncture stimulation is applied to the painful area.
Cytotoxicity and reversal effect of sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram on MRP1- and MRP7-mediated MDR
Authors: Bin Kanner Yuval , Teng Qiu-Xu , Ganoth Assaf , Peer Dan , Wang Jing-Quan , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Tsfadia Yossi
Published: November 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a major challenge in treating malignancies. In recent years, researchers have focused on understanding the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells and have identified the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCC1/MRP1 and ABCC10/MRP7, as a key factor in the development of MDR. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether three drugs (sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram) from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) family, commonly used as antidepressants, could be repurposed as inhibitors of MRP1 and MRP7 transporters and reverse MDR in cancer cells. Using a combination of in silico predictions and in vitro validations, we analyzed the interaction of MRP1 and MRP7 with the drugs and evaluated their ability to hinder cell resistance. We used computational tools to identify and analyze the binding site of these three molecules and determine their binding energy. Subsequently, we conducted experimental assays to assess cell viability when treated with various standard chemotherapies, both with and without the presence of SSRI inhibitors. Our results show that all three SSRI drugs exhibited inhibitory/reversal effects in the presence of chemotherapies on both MRP1-overexpressed cells and MRP7-overexpressed cells, suggesting that these medications have the potential to be repurposed to target MDR in cancer cells. These findings may open the door to using FDA-approved medications in combination therapy protocols to treat highly resistant malignancies and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment. Our research highlights the importance of investigating and repurposing existing drugs to overcome MDR in cancer treatment.
Adaptive optimization technology of segmented reconstruction signal based on genetic algorithm for enhancing radar jamming effect
Authors: Wang Yanqi , Wang Chao , Shi Qingzhan , Huang Jingjian , Yuan Naichang
Published: November 2023

Given the improved capabilities of radar systems, addressing unfamiliar signals presents a challenge for radar jamming technology. To tackle this issue, this study proposes an adaptive technique for optimizing jamming waveforms to suppress multiple false targets in escort jamming scenarios. The objective is to minimize the detectability of false targets by fine-tuning phase modulation and individual waveform parameters. The optimization model adjusts the energy and delay of jamming waveform segments using intercepted radar signal phase modulation and direct forwarding. Real-time adaptation is achieved through the utilization of a genetic algorithm and radar constant false alarm rate detection based on received emissions. The key findings highlight the advantages of adaptivity in effectively suppressing false targets under diverse conditions. The technique successfully learns efficient waveforms through feedback, even without specific knowledge of the radar system. The optimized waveforms maintain consistent jamming impact across different constant false alarm rate settings, surpassing the limitations associated with fixed assumptions. The introduction of phase modulation enhances the resilience of false targets by creating noise-like characteristics. Remarkably, robust jamming is achieved with only 12 false targets, reducing complexity. The unified waveform design is particularly suitable for single platform jamming, eliminating the need for multiple jammers. Furthermore, the optimized waveforms demonstrate improved coverage of real targets under position errors. As a result, the approach exhibits versatility across various signals, processing methods, and scenarios. This study suggests that increased adaptability and the incorporation of machine learning techniques contribute to the advancement of radar jamming capabilities. By optimizing jamming waveforms, the adaptive approach presented in this study may enhance the effectiveness of countering advanced radar systems.
Urban–rural difference in factors associated with childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yesmin Mst Farjana , Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Bornee Farzana Akhter , Kader Manzur , Mondal Md Nazrul Islam , Hossain Mohammad , Rashid Mamunur
Published: November 2023

Objective

Early childhood functional difficulty poses a substantial worldwide public health challenge, leading to adverse effects on children’s quality of life and overall productivity. Moreover, it represents a significant social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify factors contributing to childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh within the context of urban–rural areas.

Methods

A nationally representative cross-sectional survey data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019 in Bangladesh was used in this study. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with childhood functional difficulty.

Results

Functional difficulties were found in approximately 3.3% of children 2–4 years of age in urban areas and 2.5% in rural areas. Having a mother with functional difficulties and undernutrition were identified as significant factors common in both urban and rural areas. Further, mothers who had no formal education (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI = 1.18–6.45) and experienced infant death (AOR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.01–3.70) were identified as significant factors of functional difficulty in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, no access to mass media, children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.39–3.28), female sex (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.53–0.91), child undernutrition (AOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.32–2.27) and poorer socio-economic status (AOR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.08–3.55) were found significant factors.

Conclusion

Functional difficulty was found to be present in one out of every 35 children age 2 to 4 years in Bangladesh. Childhood functional difficulties were reported slightly higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Reducing childhood difficulties in urban areas demands comprehensive strategies: quality healthcare, inclusive education, community support, better information systems, and collaboration. To achieve urban–rural parity in child health, address disparities in economic development, healthcare, and education, especially for girls.
The evolution of our understanding of coronal mass ejections
Authors: Howard Russell A. , Vourlidas Angelos , Stenborg Guillermo
Published: November 2023

The unexpected observation of a sudden expulsion of mass through the solar corona in 1971 opened up a new field of interest in solar and stellar physics. The discovery came from a white-light coronagraph, which creates an artificial eclipse of the Sun, enabling the viewing of the faint glow from the corona. This observation was followed by many more observations and new missions. In the five decades since that discovery, there have been five generations of coronagraphs, each with improved performance, enabling continued understanding of the phenomena, which became known as Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events. The conceptualization of the CME structure evolved from the elementary 2-dimensional loop to basically two fundamental types: a 3-dimensional magnetic flux rope and a non-magnetic eruption from pseudo-streamers. The former persists to 1 AU and beyond, whereas the latter dissipates by 15 R⊙. Historically, most of the studies have been devoted to understanding the CME large-scale structure and its associations, but this is changing. With the advent of the fourth and fifth coronagraph generations, more attention is being devoted to the their internal structure and initiation mechanisms. In this review, we describe the evolution of CME observations and their associations with other solar and heliospheric phenomena, with one of the more important correlations being its recognition as a driver of space-weather. We conclude with a brief overview of open questions and present some ideas for future observations.
Progress and prospects for research on Martian topographic features and typical landform identification
Authors: Liu Danyang , Cheng Weiming
Published: November 2023

The study of Martian surface topography is important for understanding the geological evolution of Mars and revealing the spatial differentiation of the Martian landscape. Identifying typical landform units is a fundamental task when studying the origin and evolution of Mars and provides important information for landing on and exploring Mars, as well as estimating the age of the Martian surface and inferring the evolution of the Earth’s environment. In this paper, we first investigate Mars exploration, data acquisition and mapping, and the classification methods of Martian landforms. Then, the identification of several typical Martian landform types, such as aeolian landforms, fluvial landforms, and impact landforms, is shown in detail. Finally, the prospects of Mars data acquisition, landform mapping, and the construction and identification of the Martian landform classification system are presented. The construction of the Martian landform classification system and the identification of typical Martian landforms using deep learning are important development directions in planetary science.
Design and Test of a Comb-Brush-Type Honeysuckle-Picking Device
Authors: Li Linfeng , Li Shufeng , Li Jingbin , Wen Baoqin , Cen Honglei , Wang Meng , Li Yingjie , Song Kangle , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: November 2023

In response to the issues of high honeysuckle-picking costs and low efficiency in honeysuckle picking, this study has devised a comb-brush-type picking device, considering the unique characteristics of honeysuckle plants. We elucidated the device’s structure and operational principles and designed critical components within the picking mechanism. Subsequently, through theoretical analysis, we identified the primary factors influencing the device’s operational performance. We then used the honeysuckle picking rates, honeysuckle breakage rates, and impurity rates as assessment metrics. Utilizing a one-factor test, we determined the permissible ranges for each factor. Employing the response surface methodology, we analyzed the interactions among these factors and conducted model parameter optimization. This optimization identified the optimal parameter combination: a forward speed of 3.99 km/h, a driving shaft speed of 316.53 rpm, and a picking teeth length of 70 mm. Finally, we performed verification tests using these optimized parameters. The results demonstrated that the maximum relative error between test verification values and model-optimized predictions was 4.86%. This outcome confirms that the comb-brush-type honeysuckle-picking device can meet the operational requirements of mechanized harvesting and offers valuable insights for developing harvesting devices for vine plants.
A Mutation of cyOsPPDKB Affects Starch Structure and Gel Consistency in Rice
Authors: Gao Zhennan , Li Chunshou , Huang Fudeng , Xu Junfeng , He Yong , Dan Yuqing , Hao Yuanyuan , Tian Zhihong
Published: November 2023

In addition to increasing grain yield, improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality has received increasing attention recently. The cooking and eating quality (CEQ) is an important indicator of rice quality. Chalkiness and floury endosperm have a significant impact on the CEQ of rice, resulting in noticeable changes. Due to the easily observable phenotype of floury endosperm, cloning single gene mutations that cause floury endosperm and indirectly evaluating changes in CEQs facilitates the exploration of minor genes controlling CEQ. In this study, a stable genetic allele variant of flo4, named flo4-7, was obtained through EMS mutagenesis. The flo4-7 allele variant carries the cyOsPPDKB mutation. flo4-7 showed a significant reduction in compound starch granules and a significant increase in single starch granules in endosperm cells, indicating the involvement of cyOsPPDKB in the synthesis of endosperm starch. Additionally, flo4-7 exhibited a significant decrease in gel consistency (GC) compared to the wild type. Through the analysis of GC data from 166 rice germplasm resources, a C-T variation in the 18th exon of cyOsPPDKB was found to be a crucial site, causing a significant difference in GC between indica and japonica rice. This locus can be used in the future to develop molecular markers for molecular marker-assisted breeding. This study provides a good research foundation for improving the CEQ of rice.
Milk and Fresh Cheese Quality of Crossbred Cows Supplemented with Phytogenic Additives and Managed under Thermal Stress
Authors: Mesquita Abner Alves , Martins Poliana Carneiro , Fernandes Patrick Bezerra , Oliveira Leonardo Amorim de , Leão Paulo Victor Toledo , Silva João Antônio Gonçalves e , Cunha João Vitor Teixeira da , Cappato Leandro Pereira , Carmo Ruthele Moraes do , Pinheiro Pedro Paulo Alves , Castro Dias Mariana Borges de , Nicolau Edmar Soares , Silva Marco Antônio Pereira da
Published: November 2023

This investigation aimed to assess the physiological parameters and quality of milk and fresh cheeses produced by cows that were housed in paddocks, either with or without shade, and supplemented with a phytogenic additive. Sixteen crossbred cows were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, dividing them into paddocks with or without shade, and providing or not providing a phytogenic additive in their feed. This resulted in a total of four treatment groups and sixteen experimental plots, each containing four animals, over four periods of 21 days. Various parameters were examined, including haematology, rectal and skin temperature, respiratory rate, milk yield and composition, serum parameters, and cheese yield and quality. It is worth noting that the temperature and humidity, as measured by a black globe thermometer, did not display significant variations between the different environments and exhibited minimal fluctuations throughout the day. Additionally, the supplementation of the phytogenic additive led to a reduction in haematocrit levels (p = 0.011). Furthermore, the analysis showed that whey obtained from cheese production had a higher fat content when cows were without access to shade (p = 0.005). Notably, there was an interaction between factors in relation to the total dry extract content, which was lower when cows had access to shade and received the additive (p = 0.010). In summary, the provision of a phytogenic additive and the presence or absence of shade did not bring about significant changes in milk production and quality or in the yield and quality of fresh cheese.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Workers towards Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Two Major Tertiary Hospitals in Western Greece
Authors: Lagadinou Maria , Tsami Elpida , Deligakis Apostolos , Paraskevas Themistoklis , Michailides Christos , Velissaris Dimitrios , Gkentzi Despoina , Marangos Markos
Published: November 2023

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) and antimicrobial stewardship arethe two sides of the same coin that constitute a public health hydra. This study aimed to assessthe knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers (HCWs), on antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Western Greece. A total of 200 healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, and others) from the two largest tertiary hospitals in Western Greece were included in our survey. HCWs seem not to decide based on patient opinion in order to prescribe antibiotics. Approximately 97% of them are aware of their main adverse effects. Remarkably, 25% of respondents prescribe antibiotics due to diagnostic uncertainty, and 32.5% of them prescribe antibiotics based on their experience. HCWs statedthat they do not report adverse effects often. Inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions were mentioned as the main reason for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Monitoring the patient’s treatment progress, using electronic prescriptions, and adhering to international guidelines were suggested as solutions to the problem. Post Hoc analysis showed that nursing staff apply to the national guidelines (p: 0.011) and use electronic prescriptions (p: 0.003) less often compared to consultants, doctor directors, and trainees. The findings of our survey may be useful for the development of future national education programs and interventions thatmay improve healthcare workers’ knowledge and ability to manage antibiotics.
Situation Assessment of Air Traffic Based on Complex Network Theory and Ensemble Learning
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Jiawei , Wen Xiangxi , Wang Yu , Tong Rongjia , Liu Shubin , Chen Daxiong
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of the air transportation industry, the air traffic situation is becoming more and more complicated. Determining the situation of air traffic is of great significance to ensure the safety and smoothness of air traffic. The strong subjectivity of assessment criteria, inaccurate assessment results and weak systemic assessment method are the main problems in air traffic situation assessment research. The aim of our research is to present an objective and accurate situation assessment method for air traffic systems. The paper presents a model to assess air traffic situation based on the complex network theory and ensemble learning. The air traffic weighted network model was introduced to systematically describe the real state of an air traffic system. Assessment criteria based on the complex network analysis method can systematically reflect the operational state of an air traffic weighted network system. We transformed the air traffic situation assessment into a binary classification, which makes situation assessment objective and accurate. Ensemble learning was introduced to improve the classification accuracy, which further improves the accuracy of the situation assessment model. The model was trained and tested on the dataset of the East China air traffic weighted network in 2019. Its average classification accuracy is 0.98. The recall and precision rates both exceed 0.95. Experiments have confirmed that the situation assessment model can accurately output air traffic situation value and situation level. Furthermore, the assessment results are consistent with the real operational situation of the air traffic in East China.