bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Riots and Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: HAGER ANSELM , KRAKOWSKI KRZYSZTOF , SCHAUB MAX
Published: September 2019

Do ethnic riots affect prosocial behavior? A common view among scholars of ethnic violence is that riots increase cooperation within the warring groups, while cooperation across groups is reduced. We revisit this hypothesis by studying the aftermath of the 2010 Osh riot in Kyrgyzstan, which saw Kyrgyz from outside the city kill over 400 Uzbeks. We implement a representative survey, which includes unobtrusive experimental measures of prosocial behavior. Our causal identification strategy exploits variation in the distance of neighborhoods to armored military vehicles, which were instrumental in orchestrating the riot. We find that victimized neighborhoods show substantially lower levels of prosocial behavior. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction is similarly stark both within and across groups. Using qualitative interviews, we parse out two mechanisms that help explain the surprising reduction in ingroup prosociality: Victimized Uzbeks felt abandoned by their coethnics, and variation in victimization created a feeling of suspicion.
Dietary administration of resistant starch improved caecal barrier function by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating microbiota composition in meat duck
Authors: Qin Simeng , Zhang Keying , Applegate Todd J. , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping , Luo Yuheng , Wang Jianping , Peng Huanwei , Su Zhuowei , Xuan Yue , Zeng Qiufeng
Published: September 2019

Resistant starch (RS) was recently approved to exert a powerful influence on gut health, but the effect of RS on the caecal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined. Thus, the effect of raw potato starch (RPS), a widely adopted RS material, on microbial composition and barrier function of caecum for meat ducks was determined. A total of 360 Cherry Valley male ducks of 1-d-old were randomly divided and fed diets with 0 (control), 12, or 24 % RPS for 35 d. Diets supplemented with RPS significantly elevated villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in the caecum. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with 12 % RPS had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and the butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Erysipelatoclostridium were enriched in all diets. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased in the 24 % RPS diet v. the control diet. When compared with the control diet, the diet with 12 % RPS was also found to notably increase acetate, propionate and butyrate contents and up-regulated barrier-related genes including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, mucin-2 and proglucagon in the caecum. Furthermore, the addition of 12 % RPS significantly reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1β and endotoxin concentrations. These data revealed that diets supplemented with 12 % RPS partially improved caecal barrier function in meat ducks by enhancing intestinal morphology and barrier markers expression, modulating the microbiota composition and attenuating inflammatory markers.
‘Fifty pounds will buy me a pair of horses for my carriage’: the history of permissive subjects in English
Authors: DRESCHLER GEA
Published: September 2019

This article investigates the history of so-called permissive subjects in English, for exampleThe tent sleeps four: inanimate, non-agentive subjects used with verbs that normally take animate, agentive subjects. Although permissive subjects are assumed in the literature to be innovations, there is little information available on their use and frequency. Using historical corpora, I provide an account of the history of permissive subjects with five verbs –see,buy,seat,sleepandsell.The results show that permissive subjects withseeandbuyare already found in the sixteenth century, while those withseatandselloccur from the nineteenth century onwards, and those withsleepfirst occur in the twentieth century. The five types also differ in other respects, with genre and functional motivations playing an important role. Crucially, there is an increase in the overall use of these permissive subjects, which follows the increase in subject-initial clauses and a more marked use of the presubject position as described by Los & Dreschler (2012), supporting their proposal that several subject-creating strategies – passives, middles and permissive subjects – became more frequent in English due to changes in the pragmatic character of the clause-initial position, in turn caused by the loss of verb second.
EVIDENCE FOR INTELLIGENT EXTRATERRESTRIALS IS EVIDENCE AGAINST THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
Authors: Ruhmkorff Samuel
Published: September 2019

The recent explosion in the discovery of exoplanets and our incipient ability to detect atmospheric biomarkers recommend reflection on the conceptual implications of discovering – or not discovering – extrasolar life. I contend that evidence for intelligent extraterrestrial life is evidence against the existence of God, because if there are intelligent extraterrestrials, there are likely to be evils in the universe even greater than those found on Earth. My reasoning is based on Richard Gott's Copernican Principle, which holds that in the absence of information to the contrary, we should take ourselves to be typical observers.
The prevention of torture in Rio de Janeiro: A study on the role of public defenders
Authors: Chénier-Laflèche Étienne
Published: September 2019

The attorneys of the Public Defender's Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PDORJ) are heavily present in the penitentiary system of Rio de Janeiro, individually meeting the vast majority of detainees and conducting monitoring visits. This article presents the work of the PDORJ in the prison system, focusing on its role in the prevention of torture. Based on semi-structured interviews with public defenders, the article explains the paradox between the extensive presence of the PDORJ in the prison system and the few instances of torture that are officially reported. It also presents recommendations aimed at better identifying and responding to accounts of torture.
Metabole Chirurgie zur Behandlung des schwer einstellbaren Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und tiefem BMI
Authors: Schiesser Marc
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die bariatrische Chirurgie hat sich als effiziente Therapie der morbiden Adipositas etabliert. Metabole Chirurgie beschreibt die operative Behandlung von Diabetes und anderen metabolischen Dysfunktionen. Sie fokussiert nicht alleine auf Gewichtsverlust, da viele Effekte, welche zur Verbesserung des Diabetes führen, unabhängig vom Gewichtsverlust sind. Es gibt mittlerweile viele Studien, welche die Effizienz der operativen Therapie bei adipösen Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes aufzeigen. Neuere Daten zeigen zudem, dass die metabole Chirurgie auch bei Patienten mit einem BMI unter 35 kg / m2 gute Resultate liefert. Die verschiedenen Fachorganisationen haben diese Tatsache erkannt und ihre Empfehlungen dahingehend adaptiert. Bei adipösen Typ 2 Diabetikern mit einem BMI unter 35 kg / m2 und schlechter glykämischer Kontrolle kann eine operative Therapie in Betracht gezogen werden.
Langzeit-Resultate der Schlauchgastrektomie
Authors: Kraljevic Marko , Peterli Ralph
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Schlauchgastrektomie (SG) hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem bariatrischen Standardverfahren entwickelt und gehört weltweit zu den häufigsten bariatrischen Eingriffen. In diesem Artikel werden eigene Langzeitresultate und jene aus der Literatur beschrieben. Die anhaltende Gewichtsabnahme im Langzeitverlauf scheint weniger günstig zu sein im Vergleich zu Bypass-Verfahren. Die Übergewichtsabnahme (excess weight loss, EWL) 10 Jahre und mehr nach SG beträgt im Durchschnitt etwa 50 %. Im Hinblick auf die Adipositas-assoziierten Komorbiditäten ist die SG erfolgreich. Die Langzeitsicherheit ist getrübt durch den persistierenden oder neu auftretenden Gastro-ösopahgealen Reflux, der meist konservativ behandelt werden kann. Nicht selten ist aber eine Umwandlung in einen Magenbypass nötig. Weitere Gründe für Reoperationen sind ungenügende Gewichtsabnahme. Insgesamt ist die SG jedoch als sicheres Verfahren zu werten.
Immuntherapie – Übersicht, Wirkmechanismen, Anwendung
Authors: Bill Ruben , Schardt Julian
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Entwicklung von neuen Immuntherapien hat die Behandlungskonzepte von unterschiedlichen Krebsarten aus der Reihe der soliden Tumoren bis hin zu hämatologischen Krebserkrankungen in den letzten Jahren revolutioniert. Dabei werden in der klinischen Routine vor allem sogenannte Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) eingesetzt. Immuncheckpoints wie CTLA-4 oder die PD-1 / PD-L1 Achse spielen eine wesentliche Rolle in der Regulation der T-Zell Aktivierung und dienen im physiologischen Kontext der Verhinderung einer überschiessenden Immunantwort während der Abwehr eines Pathogens oder der Aufrechterhaltung der immunologischen Toleranz zur Vermeidung von Autoimmun-Erkrankungen. Allerdings sind dieselben Mechanismen auch massgeblich an der Verhinderung einer effizienten Anti-Tumor Immunantwort beteiligt. Antikörper, die eine Rezeptor-Liganden Interaktion von CTLA-4, PD-1 oder PD-L1 blockieren, erzielen bei einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Tumorentitäten wie zum Beispiel dem malignen Melanom, Bronchialkarzinomen oder den Hodgkin-Lymphomen gute Ansprechraten, die für einen Teil der Patienten mit Langzeitremissionen verbunden sein können. Mit rascher Geschwindigkeit werden aktuell die Indikationen für Immuntherapien erweitert und Kombinationstherapien von ICI mit anderen Therapiestrategien wie gefässmodulierenden Substanzen, klassischen Chemotherapien oder lokalen Therapien (z. B. Intratumorale Injektion von onkolytischen Viren) in klinischen Studien getestet. Im folgenden Artikel sollen Grundzüge der Wirkungsmechanismen von ICI näher erläutert und in den Kontext mit den wichtigsten Therapieindikationen im klinischen Alltag gestellt werden.
Layer‐Wise Formation Mechanisms of an Entire‐Troposphere‐Thick Extratropical Cyclone That Induces a Record‐Breaking Catastrophic Rainstorm in Beijing
Authors: Li Wan‐Li , Xia Ru‐Di , Sun Jian‐Hua , Fu Shen‐Ming , Jiang Li‐Zhi , Chen Bao‐Fa , Tian Fu‐You
Published: September 2019

A rarely seen entire‐troposphere‐thick (ETT) extratropical cyclone that induced a record‐breaking catastrophic rainstorm in Beijing (the largest since 1963) on 20 July 2016 was reproduced reasonably by a convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting Model. This cyclone was the result of a vertical coupling of a lower, a middle, and an upper tropospheric cyclone, which formed at different times and locations. Dry air descending from the stratosphere through a tropopause folding process capped moist air to the middle and lower troposphere, making convection associated with the cyclone relatively shallow. Overall, cyclonic vorticity associated with the ETT cyclone enhanced much rapider than its wind kinetic energy (KE), and formation mechanisms of the ETT cyclone were characterized by layer‐wise features: (i) The formation of the middle and upper tropospheric cyclones was dominated by cyclonic vorticity transport, instead of cyclonic vorticity production, whereas the lower tropospheric cyclone was generated through both cyclonic vorticity transport and convergence‐related cyclonic vorticity production. (ii) Consistent with the cyclonic vorticity intensification, the formation of the lower and middle tropospheric cyclones featured an enhancement of rotational wind KE (in western section of the cyclone, this was mainly due to the work done by the pressure gradient force, but in eastern section, it was mainly due to the inward transport of wind KE by rotational wind), whereas the formation of the upper tropospheric cyclone featured a decrease in the rotational wind KE (particularly in its eastern section), which was in contrast to its increasing cyclonic vorticity. The export of wind KE by a southwesterly wind within the eastern section of the cyclone governed the rotational wind attenuation.
Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Compressive Statistical Sensing
Authors: Cucho‐Padin G. , Wang Y. , Li E. , Waldrop L. , Tian Z. , Kamalabadi F. , Perillat P.
Published: September 2019

Quasiperiodic radio frequency interference (RFI), such as those generated by telecommunication and active radar systems, is commonly encountered in radio astronomy observations. Such RFI‐contaminated signals contain hidden periodicities due to cyclic features involved in their formation (e.g., carrier frequencies, periodic keying of the amplitude, and baud rates). RFI signal characterization and its subsequent excision based on the well‐known cyclic spectrum analysis have been previously demonstrated; however, the high complexity of the algorithm and the computational cost of its implementation have limited its utility in radio astronomy, rendering less sophisticated solutions. To overcome this challenge, we present a novel method for RFI detection and mitigation based on efficient estimation of the cyclic spectrum by compressive statistical sensing (CSS) of sub‐Nyquist data. CSS performs second‐order statistical estimation such as cyclic spectrum using a reduced number of input samples, thereby enabling accelerated performance. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, we conduct experiments with simulated data and assess the detection and mitigation results under different parameter settings, for example, interference‐to‐noise ratio, additional RFI sources, frequency resolution, and input data size. We demonstrate the real performance of the method by analyzing radio astronomy data (∼1.3 GHz) acquired with the L‐wide band receiver at the Arecibo Observatory, which is typically corrupted by active air surveillance radars located nearby. Our CSS‐based solution enables robust and efficient detection of the RFI frequency bands present in the L‐band data, and subsequent excision by blanking is also demonstrated.
TRPM8-androgen receptor association within lipid rafts promotes prostate cancer cell migration
Authors: Grolez Guillaume P. , Gordiendko Dmitri V. , Clarisse Manon , Hammadi Mehdi , Desruelles Emilie , Fromont Gaëlle , Prevarskaya Natalia , Slomianny Christian , Gkika Dimitra
Published: September 2019

In prostate carcinogenesis, androgens are known to control the expression of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) protein via activation of androgen receptor (AR). Overexpression and/or activity of TRPM8 channel was shown to suppress prostate cancer (PCa) cell migration. Here we report that at certain concentrations androgens facilitate PCa cell migration. We show that underlying mechanism is inhibition of TRPM8 by activated AR which interacts with the channel within lipid rafts microdomains of the plasma membrane. Thus, our study has identified an additional nongenomic mechanism of the TRPM8 channel regulation by androgens that should be taken into account upon the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
CCT3 acts upstream of YAP and TFCP2 as a potential target and tumour biomarker in liver cancer
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhang Xiao , Lin Jiafei , Chen Yuxin , Qiao Yongxia , Guo Susu , Yang Yueyue , Zhu Guoqing , Pan Qiuhui , Wang Jiayi , Sun Fenyong
Published: September 2019

Although Yes-associated protein (YAP) is very important to liver cancer, its nuclear localisation prevents consideration as a promising therapeutic target and a diagnostic biomarker. Recently, we reported that the protumourigenic roles of YAP in liver cancer are indispensable for transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) in a Hippo-independent manner; however, proteins that act upstream to simultaneously control YAP and TFCP2 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to uncover such proteins and evaluate whether they are potential YAP-associated therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Mass spectrometry revealed that chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) co-interact with YAP and TFCP2, and notably, CCT3 is a non-nuclear protein. CCT3 was elevated in liver cancer, and its higher expression was associated with poorer overall survival. Inhibiting CCT3 resulted in a suppressed transformative phenotype in liver cancer cells, suggesting that CCT3 might be a potential therapeutic target. CCT3 prolonged half-life of YAP and TFCP2 by blocking their ubiquitination caused by poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) in a beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (βTrCP)-independent manner. Interestingly, PCBP2 directly interacted with YAP via a WB motif-WW domain interaction, whereas indirectly interacted with TFCP2 via the aid of YAP. Furthermore, CCT3 was capable of separating PCBP2-YAP interactions, thereby preventing YAP and TFCP2 from PCBP2-induced ubiquitination. Moreover, YAP and TFCP2 were downstream of CCT3 to positively control tumourigenesis, yet such effects were inhibited by PCBP2. Clinically, CCT3 was positively correlated with YAP and TFCP2, and elevated levels of the CCT3-YAP-TFCP2 axis might be critical for liver malignancy. In addition, seral-CCT3 was proven to be a potential biomarker, and its diagnostic capacity was better than that of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) to a certain extent. Together, CCT3 acts as a trigger of YAP and TFCP2 to affect tumourigenesis and serves as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in liver cancer.
Accurate detection of m6A RNA modifications in native RNA sequences
Authors: Liu Huanle , Begik Oguzhan , Lucas Morghan C. , Ramirez Jose Miguel , Mason Christopher E. , Wiener David , Schwartz Schraga , Mattick John S. , Smith Martin A. , Novoa Eva Maria
Published: September 2019

The epitranscriptomics field has undergone an enormous expansion in the last few years; however, a major limitation is the lack of generic methods to map RNA modifications transcriptome-wide. Here, we show that using direct RNA sequencing, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications can be detected with high accuracy, in the form of systematic errors and decreased base-calling qualities. Specifically, we find that our algorithm, trained with m6A-modified and unmodified synthetic sequences, can predict m6A RNA modifications with ~90% accuracy. We then extend our findings to yeast data sets, finding that our method can identify m6A RNA modifications in vivo with an accuracy of 87%. Moreover, we further validate our method by showing that these ‘errors’ are typically not observed in yeast ime4-knockout strains, which lack m6A modifications. Our results open avenues to investigate the biological roles of RNA modifications in their native RNA context.
Exploring use of unsupervised clustering to associate signaling profiles of GPCR ligands to clinical response
Authors: Benredjem Besma , Gallion Jonathan , Pelletier Dennis , Dallaire Paul , Charbonneau Johanie , Cawkill Darren , Nagi Karim , Gosink Mark , Lukasheva Viktoryia , Jenkinson Stephen , Ren Yong , Somps Christopher , Murat Brigitte , Van Der Westhuizen Emma , Le Gouill Christian , Lichtarge Olivier , Schmidt Anne , Bouvier Michel , Pineyro Graciela
Published: September 2019

Signaling diversity of G protein-coupled (GPCR) ligands provides novel opportunities to develop more effective, better-tolerated therapeutics. Taking advantage of these opportunities requires identifying which effectors should be specifically activated or avoided so as to promote desired clinical responses and avoid side effects. However, identifying signaling profiles that support desired clinical outcomes remains challenging. This study describes signaling diversity of mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands in terms of logistic and operational parameters for ten different in vitro readouts. It then uses unsupervised clustering of curve parameters to: classify MOR ligands according to similarities in type and magnitude of response, associate resulting ligand categories with frequency of undesired events reported to the pharmacovigilance program of the Food and Drug Administration and associate signals to side effects. The ability of the classification method to associate specific in vitro signaling profiles to clinically relevant responses was corroborated using β2-adrenergic receptor ligands.
PIF transcription factors link a neighbor threat cue to accelerated reproduction in Arabidopsis
Authors: Galvāo Vinicius Costa , Fiorucci Anne-Sophie , Trevisan Martine , Franco-Zorilla José Manuel , Goyal Anupama , Schmid-Siegert Emanuel , Solano Roberto , Fankhauser Christian
Published: September 2019

Changes in light quality indicative of competition for this essential resource influence plant growth and developmental transitions; however, little is known about neighbor proximity-induced acceleration of reproduction. Phytochrome B (phyB) senses light cues from plant competitors, ultimately leading to the expression of the floral inducers FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER of FT (TSF). Here we show that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs 4, 5 and 7 (PIF4, PIF5 and PIF7) mediate neighbor proximity-induced flowering, with PIF7 playing a prominent role. These transcriptional regulators act directly downstream of phyB to promote expression of FT and TSF. Neighbor proximity enhances PIF accumulation towards the end of the day, coinciding with enhanced floral inducer expression. We present evidence supporting direct PIF-regulated TSF expression. The relevance of our findings is illustrated by the prior identification of FT, TSF and PIF4 as loci underlying flowering time regulation in natural conditions.
Zebrafish behavioural profiling identifies GABA and serotonin receptor ligands related to sedation and paradoxical excitation
Authors: McCarroll Matthew N. , Gendelev Leo , Kinser Reid , Taylor Jack , Bruni Giancarlo , Myers-Turnbull Douglas , Helsell Cole , Carbajal Amanda , Rinaldi Capria , Kang Hye Jin , Gong Jung Ho , Sello Jason K. , Tomita Susumu , Peterson Randall T. , Keiser Michael J. , Kokel David
Published: September 2019

Anesthetics are generally associated with sedation, but some anesthetics can also increase brain and motor activity—a phenomenon known as paradoxical excitation. Previous studies have identified GABAA receptors as the primary targets of most anesthetic drugs, but how these compounds produce paradoxical excitation is poorly understood. To identify and understand such compounds, we applied a behavior-based drug profiling approach. Here, we show that a subset of central nervous system depressants cause paradoxical excitation in zebrafish. Using this behavior as a readout, we screened thousands of compounds and identified dozens of hits that caused paradoxical excitation. Many hit compounds modulated human GABAA receptors, while others appeared to modulate different neuronal targets, including the human serotonin-6 receptor. Ligands at these receptors generally decreased neuronal activity, but paradoxically increased activity in the caudal hindbrain. Together, these studies identify ligands, targets, and neurons affecting sedation and paradoxical excitation in vivo in zebrafish.
Design and synthesis of highly active MoVTeNb-oxides for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation
Authors: Melzer Daniel , Mestl Gerhard , Wanninger Klaus , Zhu Yuanyuan , Browning Nigel D. , Sanchez-Sanchez Maricruz , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: September 2019

Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is an alternative route for ethene production. Crystalline M1 phase of Mo-V mixed metal oxide is an excellent catalyst for this reaction. Here we show a hydrothermal synthesis method that generates M1 phases with high surface areas starting from poorly soluble metal oxides. Use of organic additives allows control of the concentration of metals in aqueous suspension. Reactions leading to crystalline M1 take place at 190 °C, i.e., approximately 400 °C lower than under current synthesis conditions. The evolution of solvated polyoxometalate ions and crystalline phases in the solid is monitored by spectroscopies. Catalysts prepared by this route show higher ODH activity compared to conventionally prepared catalysts. The higher activity is due not only to the high specific surface area but also to the corrugated lateral termination of the M1 crystals, as seen by atomic resolution electron microscopy, exposing a high concentration of catalytically active sites.
Moebius strips of chiral block copolymers
Authors: Geng Zhen , Xiong Bijin , Wang Liquan , Wang Ke , Ren Min , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao , Yang Zhenzhong
Published: September 2019

The Moebius topology (twisted, single-sided strip) is intriguing because of its structural elegance and distinct properties. Here we report the generation of block copolymer Moebius strips via a fast self-assembly of chiral block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(D-lactide acid) (PS-b-PDLA) in tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvents. The Moebius strip is formed by morphological evolution from large compound micelle (LCM) to spindle-like micelle (SLM) and then to toroid with a 180° twist along the ring. Mechanism insight reveals that a subtle balance of crystallization of PDLA and microphase separation between PS and PDLA chains dominates the formation of Moebius strips. An intriguing helix-helix transition occurs during the chiral transfer from microphase to assemblies, which is driven by relaxation of the internal stress within SLM related to orientated stretching of PS chains. Mesoporous chiral channels can be generated within Moebius strips after removal of PDLA, which are interesting in chiral recognition, separation and asymmetric catalysis.
CDK5-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TRIM59 promotes macroH2A1 ubiquitination and tumorigenicity
Authors: Sang Youzhou , Li Yanxin , Zhang Yingwen , Alvarez Angel A. , Yu Bo , Zhang Weiwei , Hu Bo , Cheng Shi-Yuan , Feng Haizhong
Published: September 2019

Despite the development of adjuvant therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain incurable, thus justifying the urgent need of new therapies. CDK5 plays a critical role in GBM and is a potential target for GBM. However, the mechanism by which CDK5 promotes GBM tumorigenicity remains largely unknown. Here, we identify TRIM59 as a substrate of CDK5. EGFR-activated CDK5 directly binds to and phosphorylates TRIM59, a ubiquitin ligase at serine 308, which recruits PIN1 for cis–trans isomerization of TRIM59, leading to TRIM59 binding to importin α5 and nuclear translocation. Nuclear TRIM59 induces ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor suppressive histone variant macroH2A1, leading to enhanced STAT3 signaling activation and tumorigenicity. These findings are confirmed by inhibition of CDK5-activated TRIM59 activity that results in suppression of intracranial tumor growth. Correlative expressions of the components of this pathway are clinically prognostic. Our findings suggest targeting CDK5/TRIM59 signaling axis as a putative strategy for treating GBM.
Sensory representations in the striatum provide a temporal reference for learning and executing motor habits
Authors: Hidalgo-Balbuena Ana E. , Luma Annie Y. , Pimentel-Farfan Ana K. , Peña-Rangel Teresa , Rueda-Orozco Pavel E.
Published: September 2019

Previous studies indicate that the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) integrates sensorimotor information from cortical and thalamic regions to learn and execute motor habits. However, the exact contribution of sensory representations to this process is still unknown. Here we explore the role of the forelimb somatosensory flow in the DLS during the learning and execution of motor habits. First, we compare rhythmic somesthetic representations in the DLS and primary somatosensory cortex in anesthetized rats, and find that sequential and temporal stimuli contents are more strongly represented in the DLS. Then, using a behavioral protocol in which rats developed a stereotyped motor sequence, functional disconnection experiments, and pharmacologic and optogenetic manipulations in apprentice and expert animals, we reveal that somatosensory thalamic- and cortical-striatal pathways are indispensable for the temporal component of execution. Our results indicate that the somatosensory flow in the DLS provides the temporal reference for the development and execution of motor habits.
Neural correlates of victimization in psychosis: differences in brain response to angry faces
Authors: van der Stouwe Elisabeth C. D. , van Busschbach Jooske T. , Opmeer Esther M. , de Vries Bertine , Marsman Jan-Bernard C. , Aleman André , Pijnenborg Gerdina H. M.
Published: September 2019

Individuals with psychosis are at an increased risk of victimization. Processing of facial expressions has been suggested to be associated with victimization in this patient group. Especially processing of angry expressions may be relevant in the context of victimization. Therefore, differences in brain activation and connectivity between victimized and nonvictimized patients during processing of angry faces were investigated. Thirty-nine patients, of whom nineteen had experienced threats, assaults, or sexual violence in the past 5 years, underwent fMRI scanning, during which they viewed angry and neutral facial expressions. Using general linear model (GLM) analyses, generalized psychophysiological (gPPI) analysis and independent component analyses (ICA) differences in brain activation and connectivity between groups in response to angry faces were investigated. Whereas differences in regional brain activation GLM and gPPI analyses yielded no differences between groups, ICA revealed more deactivation of the sensorimotor network in victimized participants. Deactivation of the sensorimotor network in response to angry faces in victimized patients, might indicate a freeze reaction to threatening stimuli, previously observed in traumatized individuals.
Asymmetric developmental change regarding the effect of reward and punishment on response inhibition
Authors: Miyasaka Mami , Nomura Michio
Published: September 2019

Reward and punishment influence inhibitory performance, but developmental changes in these effects are not well understood. Our aim was to understand the effects of potential reward gains and losses (as indices of reward and punishment) on response inhibition among children and adolescents. We conducted financial and non-financial go/no-go tasks with 40 boys (8- to 15-year-olds). Participants gained or lost money depending on their performance on the financial task, and score rankings were compared to participants on the non-financial task. We found that adolescents’ inhibitory control, as reflected in their reaction times when they made inhibitory errors, was lower in the reward-present condition than in the reward-absent condition, although accuracy was higher when the reward was available for all participants. Additionally, inhibitory control, specifically among adolescents, was higher for financial feedback than for non-financial feedback. These results suggest that the effects of reward and feedback type on motor impulsivity differ as a function of developmental stage. We discuss the theoretical implications of the present findings in terms of the interaction between emotional feedback and response inhibition among children and adolescents.
The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation
Authors: Kamng’ona Arox W. , Young Rebecca , Arnold Charles D. , Kortekangas Emma , Patson Noel , Jorgensen Josh M. , Prado Elizabeth L. , Chaima David , Malamba Chikondi , Ashorn Ulla , Fan Yue-Mei , Cheung Yin B. , Ashorn Per , Maleta Kenneth , Dewey Kathryn G.
Published: September 2019

We tested the hypotheses that a more mature or diverse gut microbiota will be positively associated with infant growth and inversely associated with inflammation. We characterized gut microbiota from the stool samples of Malawian infants at 6 mo (n = 527), 12 mo (n = 632) and 18 mo (n = 629) of age. Microbiota diversity and maturity measurements were based on Shannon diversity index and microbiota for age Z-score (MAZ), respectively. Growth was calculated as change in Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) from 6 to 12 mo and 12 to 18 mo. Biomarkers of inflammation (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured at 6 and 18 mo. Multivariable models were used to assess the association of each independent variable with each outcome. Microbiota diversity and maturity were related to growth in weight from 6 to 12 mo, but not to growth in length or head circumference or to growth from 12 to 18 mo. Microbiota diversity and maturity may also be linked to inflammation, but findings were inconsistent.
Ultra-broadband Optical Gain Engineering in Solution-processed QD-SOA Based on Superimposed Quantum Structure
Authors: Yousefabad Hamed Goli , Matloub Samiye , Rostami Ali
Published: September 2019

In this work, the optical gain engineering of an ultra-broadband InGaAs/AlAs solution-processed quantum dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifier using superimposed quantum structure is investigated. The basic unit in the proposed structure (QDs) is designed and fabricated using solution-processed methods with considerable cost-effectiveness, fabrication ease, and QDs size tunability up to various limits (0.1 nm up to the desired values), considering suitable synthesis methods. Increasing the number of QDs, the device can span more than 1.02 μm (O, C, S, and L bands) using only one type of material for all QDs, and is not restricted to this limit in case of using more QD groups. Also, it can manipulate the optical gain peak value, spectral coverage, and resonant energy for customized optical windows, among which 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm are simulated as widely-applicable cases for model validation. This makes the device a prominent candidate for ultra-wide-bandwidth and also customized-gain applications in general. Variation impact of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings, injection current and number of QD groups on optical gain are explained in detail. Besides proposing a design procedure for implementation of an ultra-broadband optical gain using superimposed QDs in solution-processed technology, the proposed gain engineering idea using this technology provides practically infinite bandwidth and an easy way to realize. By introducing this idea, one more step is actually taken to approach the effectiveness of solution process technology.
Improved spatial resolution by induced live cell and organelle swelling in hypotonic solutions
Authors: Jaiswal Astha , Hoerth Christian H. , Zúñiga Pereira Ana M. , Lorenz Holger
Published: September 2019

Induced morphology changes of cells and organelles are by far the easiest way to determine precise protein sub-locations and organelle quantities in light microscopy. By using hypotonic solutions to swell mammalian cell organelles we demonstrate that precise membrane, lumen or matrix protein locations within the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and mitochondria can reliably be established. We also show the benefit of this approach for organelle quantifications, especially for clumped or intertwined organelles like peroxisomes and mitochondria. Since cell and organelle swelling is reversible, it can be applied to live cells for successive high-resolution analyses. Our approach outperforms many existing imaging modalities with respect to resolution, ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness without excluding any co-utilization with existing optical (super)resolution techniques.
Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Huot Louise , George Simon , Girard Pierre-Alain , Severac Dany , Nègre Nicolas , Duvic Bernard
Published: September 2019

Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) used in biological control of agricultural pest insects. It enters the hemocoel of its host via the intestinal tract and releases its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. In order to improve our knowledge about the physiological responses of its different hosts, we examined the transcriptional responses to EPN infestation of the fat body, the hemocytes and the midgut in the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. The tissues poorly respond to the infestation at an early time post-infestation of 8 h with only 5 genes differentially expressed in the fat body of the caterpillars. Strong transcriptional responses are observed at a later time point of 15 h post-infestation in all three tissues. Few genes are differentially expressed in the midgut but tissue-specific panels of induced metalloprotease inhibitors, immune receptors and antimicrobial peptides together with several uncharacterized genes are up-regulated in the fat body and the hemocytes. Among the most up-regulated genes, we identified new potential immune effectors, unique to Lepidoptera, which show homology with bacterial genes of unknown function. Altogether, these results pave the way for further functional studies of the responsive genes’ involvement in the interaction with the EPN.
Toward rational catalyst design for partial hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to methyl glycolate: a descriptor-based microkinetic analysis
Authors: Yan Wei-Qi , Zhang Jun-Bo , Xiao Ling , Zhu Yi-An , Cao Yue-Qiang , Zhou Jing-Hong , Sui Zhi-Jun , Li Wei , Zhou Xing-Gui
Published: September 2019

A descriptor-based microkinetic analysis has been performed to provide a basis for the catalyst screening for DMO hydrogenation to MG.
Correction: MXene as a non-metal charge mediator in 2D layered CdS@Ti3C2@TiO2 composites with superior Z-scheme visible light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Liu Qiaoran , Tan Xiaoyao , Wang Shaobin , Ma Fang , Znad Hussein , Shen Zhangfeng , Liu Lihong , Liu Shaomin
Published: September 2019

Correction for ‘MXene as a non-metal charge mediator in 2D layered CdS@Ti3C2@TiO2 composites with superior Z-scheme visible light-driven photocatalytic activity’ by Qiaoran Liu et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9en00567f.
Selenium influences mmu-miR-155 to inhibit inflammation inStaphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhen-biao , Guo Ying-fang , Li Cheng-ye , Qiu Chang-wei , Guo Meng-yao
Published: September 2019

Mastitis, a major disease affecting dairy cows, is most commonly caused byStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus).
Comparison of berry juice concentrates and pomaces and alternative plant proteins to produce spray dried protein–polyphenol food ingredients
Authors: Hoskin Roberta Targino , Xiong Jia , Lila Mary Ann
Published: September 2019

Plant protein sources – buckwheat flour alone or blended with pea and rice proteins, and polyphenol sources – blueberry, cranberry and muscadine grape extracts from juice concentrates and pomaces – were complexed to obtain spray dried food ingredients.
Effects of nano-confinement and conformational mobility on molecular imprinting of cross-linked micelles
Authors: Chen Kaiqian , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2019

Confining molecular imprinting in the nanospace of a micelle yielded highly selective protein-mimicking nanoparticle receptors to distinguish closely related water-soluble guests.
Positive effect of functional side groups on the structure and properties of benzoxazine networks and nanocomposites
Authors: Saiev Shamil , Bonnaud Leïla , Zúñiga Camilo , Dubois Philippe , Beljonne David , Ronda Juan Carlos , Cadiz Virginia , Lazzaroni Roberto
Published: September 2019

Calculated glass transition temperature of the MDP-a resin obtained through tetra-functional and penta-functional polymerization paths.
Ligand–metal secondary interactions in phosphine–sulfonate palladium and nickel catalyzed ethylene (co)polymerization
Authors: Tan Chen , Qasim Muhammad , Pang Wenmin , Chen Changle
Published: September 2019

Ligand secondary interactions and Lewis acid modulation are simultaneously achieved in palladium and nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization and copolymerization.
Highly elastic and degradable thermoset elastomers from CO2-based polycarbonates and bioderived polyesters
Authors: Zhao Jin-Kai , Yang Guan-Wen , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Wu Guang-Peng
Published: September 2019

The first example of CO2-based thermoset elastomers (CO2Es) on the basis of two sustainable and degradable polymers, rigid CO2-based polycarbonates and soft polyesters, is reported.
Effects of poplar addition on tar formation during the co-pyrolysis of fat coal and poplar at high temperature
Authors: Qiu Shuxing , Zhang Shengfu , Fang Yunpeng , Qiu Guibao , Yin Cheng , Reddy Ramana G. , Zhang Qingyun , Wen Liangying
Published: September 2019

The effects of added poplar on the tar formed during the co-pyrolysis of poplar and fat coal at high temperature were discussed, and two stages were proposed to describe the mechanism of the effects based on the addition levels.
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new star-shaped molecule with a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene core and diketopyrrolopyrrole arms
Authors: Li Chunpeng , Niu Qingfen , Zhang Shanshan , Li Tianduo , Yang Qingxin
Published: September 2019

The new star-shaped molecule BDPP-1 with a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene core and diketopyrrolopyrrole arms exhibited excellent solubility, high thermal stability, broad and strong absorption, narrow band gap and appropriate molecular levels.
Mesoporous carbon with high content of graphitic nitrogen for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene
Authors: Wang Jia , Pan Xiaoli , Li Fuwei
Published: September 2019

Graphitic-N doped mesoporous carbon was easily synthesized by using acetonitrile as a precursor and exhibited a good catalytic performance than other nitrogen-doped carbon materials for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene.
Revealing the role of the 1T phase on the adsorption of organic dyes on MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Omar Asmaa M. , Metwalli Ossama I. , Saber Mohamed R. , Khabiri Gomaa , Ali Mohamed E. M. , Hassen Arafa , Khalil Mostafa M. H. , Maarouf Ahmed A. , Khalil Ahmed S. G.
Published: September 2019

The high adsorption capacity of dyes onto the 1T-rich MoS2 samples is due to the strong binding between the hydroxide/carboxyl groups and the 1T active sites. The capacity can be tuned by controlling the ratio between 1T and 2H phases of MoS2 nanosheets.
Comparison of nano-structured transition metal modified tri-metal MgMAl–LDHs (M = Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co) prepared using co-precipitation
Authors: Gevers Bianca R. , Naseem Sajid , Leuteritz Andreas , Labuschagné Frederick J. W. J.
Published: September 2019

Comparison of the effect of transition metal modification on the material properties of quintinite synthesised using co-precipitation under the same conditions.
Facile synthesis of novel 3D flower-like magnetic La@Fe/C composites from ilmenite for efficient phosphate removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Pengchen , Armutlulu Andac , Jiang Wenju , Lai Bo , Xie Ruzhen
Published: September 2019

In this study, a novel 3D flower-like La@Fe/C magnetic composite was successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction of ilmenite via microwave radiation.
Synthesis of a 1,2-cis-indoxyl galactoside as a chromogenic glycosidase substrate
Authors: Nagata Sakuto , Tomida Hirotaka , Iwai-Hirose Haruka , Tanaka Hide-Nori , Ando Hiromune , Imamura Akihiro , Ishida Hideharu
Published: September 2019

The highly challenging synthesis of a 1,2-cis-indoxyl galactoside was first achieved.
Black hole mass of central galaxies and cluster mass correlation in cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations
Authors: Bassini L. , Rasia E. , Borgani S. , Ragone-Figueroa C. , Biffi V. , Dolag K. , Gaspari M. , Granato G. L. , Murante G. , Taffoni G. , Tornatore L.
Published: September 2019

Context. The correlations between the properties of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the mass of its central super-massive black hole (SMBH) have been extensively studied from a theoretical and observational angle. More recently, relations connecting the SMBH mass and global properties of the hosting cluster, such as temperature and mass, were observed.

Aims. We investigate the correlation between SMBH mass and cluster mass and temperature, their establishment and evolution. We compare their scatter to that of the classical MBH − MBCG relation. Moreover, we study how gas accretion and BH-BH mergers contribute to SMBH growth across cosmic time.

Methods. We employed 135 groups and clusters with a mass range 1.4 × 1013 M⊙ − 2.5 × 1015 M⊙ extracted from a set of 29 zoom-in cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations where the baryonic physics is treated with various sub-grid models, including feedback by active galactic nuclei.

Results. In our simulations we find that MBH correlates well with M500 and T500, with the scatter around these relations compatible within 2σ with the scatter around MBH − MBCG at z = 0. The MBH − M500 relation evolves with time, becoming shallower at lower redshift as a direct consequence of hierarchical structure formation. On average, in our simulations the contribution of gas accretion to the total SMBH mass dominates for the majority of the cosmic time (z >  0.4), while in the last 2 Gyr the BH-BH mergers become a larger contributor. During this last process, substructures hosting SMBHs are disrupted in the merger process with the BCG and the unbound stars enrich the diffuse stellar component rather than increase BCG mass.

Conclusions. From the results obtained in our simulations with simple sub-grid models we conclude that the scatter around the MBH − T500 relation is comparable to the scatter around the MBH − MBCG relation and that, given the observational difficulties related to the estimation of the BCG mass, clusters temperature and mass can be a useful proxy for the SMBHs mass, especially at high redshift.
Stability and regularity transmission for coupled beam and wave equations through boundary weak connections
Authors: Guo Bao-Zhu , Ren Han-Jing
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we consider stability for a hyperbolic-hyperbolic coupled system consisting of Euler-Bernoulli beam and wave equations, where the structural damping of the wave equation is taken into account. The coupling is actuated through boundary weak connection in the sense that after differentiation of the total energy for coupled system, only the term of the wave equation appears explicitly. We first show that the spectrum of the closed-loop system consists of three branches: one branch is basically along the real axis and accumulates to a finite point; the second branch is also along the real line; and the third branch distributes along two parabola likewise symmetric with the real axis. The asymptotic expressions of both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained by means of asymptotic analysis. With an estimation of the resolvent operator, the completeness of the root subspace is proved. The Riesz basis property and exponential stability of the system are then concluded. Finally, we show that the associated C0-semigroup is of Gevrey class, which shows that not only the stability but also regularity have been transmitted from regular wave subsystem to the whole system through this boundary connections.
Behandlung des gutartigen Lagerungsschwindels beeinflusst
Angststörungen
Authors: Strauß Silja
Published: September 2019

Gunes A et al. Effects of treatment on anxiety levels among patients with benign
paroxysmal positional vertigo. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; doi:
10.1007/s00405–019–05297–9

Der Zusammenhang von Schwindel und Angststörungen ist bekannt. Türkische
HNO-Ärzte untersuchten bei Patienten mit benigner paroxysmaler positionaler
Vertigo (BPPV) das Angstniveau vor und nach einer Behandlung mit dem
Beck-Angstinventar (BAI). Darüber hinaus bewerteten sie den Einfluss der
Behandlung auf Subparameter des BAI.