bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ameliorative Effect of Allium Cepa L. (Red Onion) Extract against Potassium Bromate Induced Intestinal Injury‏ In Rats
Authors: Kermani Nadia M. , Abushofa Fikry A , Adaek Amera M. , Jaat Fathia G. , Shakhtour Fathia G.
Published: March 2022

Potassium bromate is an oxidizing agent and one of the cheapest dough improvers in the baking and food industry. This agent is classified as carcinogenic in rats and nephrotoxic in both man and experimental animals when given orally. The red onion, Allium cepa, is used in the daily diet for taste. Compounds in onions also have various medicinal properties, such as being anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. We therefore sought to investigate whether aqueous extract of red onion would be protective against injury to the intestine

Materials and Methods: 36 Wistar male rats were divided into 6 batches. Over a 4-weeks experimental period, group I rats served as a control and group II received 100 mg/kg b.w of KBrO3 on the 24th and 27th days. Group III received red onion juice at 1ml/100 g bw every day and 100 mg/kg bw of KBrO3 on the 24th and 27th days. Group IV received 50 mg/kg bw of KBrO3 twice per week, group V received red onion juice daily at 1ml/100 g bw and 50 mg/kg bw of KBrO3 twice per week, and group VI received 30 mg/kg KBrO3 every day. The body and four organs weights, including the kidney, testis, lung and liver of all experimental rats were measured. The histopathological investigation was performed for the intestine tissues of all groups.

Results: KBrO3-treated small intestines exhibited destruction in the villi, decreased number of goblet cells, crypt loss and cell infiltration in the epithelial lining. Treatment with extract of red onion appeared to significantly ameliorate the toxic effects of KBrO3.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that red onion ameliorates the extent of intestinal injury and appears to act as an antioxidant. This study supports that red onion has beneficial properties, although no direct clinical conclusions can be drawn from these data.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) (Myrtaceae) Leaves Extracts
Authors: Tambe Bhavana Dnyandeo , Pedhekar Pratiksha , Harshali Pardeshi
Published: March 2022

The phytochemical analysis of the medicinal plants are important and have commercial interest in both research institutes and pharmaceutical companies for the manufacturing of the new drugs for treatment of various diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening of the seeds of Syzygium cumini belonging to family Myrtaceae. The results revealed the presence of medicinally important phytochemical constituents in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases.

Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against standard strains and clinical isolates of some bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides and tannins as the chemical class present in the extracts. The extracts showed inhibitory activity against clinical isolates of the gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhi A, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram positive bacteria are Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the methanol extracts was more potent than the aqueous extracts.
Artificial Intelligence: A New Era in Drug Discovery
Authors: Mishra Devendra Kumar , Awasthi Himani
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a simulation of the process of human intelligence through computers. The process involves obtaining information, developing rules for using information, making possible or accurate conclusions, and self-correcting. The development of new drug residues begins when basic scientists learn about biological targets (receptor, enzyme, protein, and gene). These targets involve the biological processes that occur in patients with a disease. Drug discovery can be through target identification, target verification, lead identification, and effectiveness of lead. AI can offer revolutionary insights into medicine, through data from genetics, proteomics and other life sciences that advance the process of discovery and development. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently been developed as a fiery element in the medical care industry. AI has exciting potential for prosperity in the field of biopharmaceutical. The biopharmaceutical industry makes efforts to approach AI to improve drug discovery, reduce research and development costs, reduce the time and cost of early drug discovery, and support predicting potential risks/side effects in late trials that can be very useful in avoiding traumatic events in clinical trials and ultimately clinical trials. Usually, drug development takes five years to go to trial, but the AI drug takes just 12 months. The rapid growth in life sciences and machine learning algorithms has led to enormous statistical access to the growth of AI-based startups focused on drug innovation in recent years.
Standardization of marketed formulation Kipen Tablet for analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential
Authors: Ansari Md. Sarfuddin , Basedia Deepak Kumar , Dubey B. K.
Published: March 2022

The primary objective of the current investigation was to standardize the formulation Kipen Tablet marketed as patented and proprietary medicine for treatment of various conditions of Pitta, according to the WHO guidelines. The procured tablets of Kipen were Light green in color, with no odor and a bitter taste. Kipen exhibited 8.1% total ash with 2.35% acid insoluble ash and 4.95% water soluble ash. The water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were 1.36% and 1.3% respectively. The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that all the classes of phytochemicals were present in Kipen. TLC analysis of Kipen was done using Curcumin as the marker using ethyleacetate: n-hexane (3:7) as the solvent system. Curcumin appeared at Rf value of 0.56 on the TLC plate. The quantitation of the curcumin was done by HPLC method and it was found that Kipen contained 3.75 mg curcumin per 250 mg of Kipen (1.5 %). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method and it was seen that Kipen was able to inhibit about 51% edema formation in rat paws. The analgesic action of Kipen was evaluated using tail flick method and the response time pain stimulus (thermal) was observed. The highest reaction time for Kipen was 6.26 ± 0.06.15 ± 0.242 sec at 30 min post administration while it was 3.46 ± 0.095 sec and 6.22 ± 0.171 sec for vehicle treated and Ibuprofen treated group respectively at the same time duration.
Various Symptoms, Prevention and Treatments of Corona-virus (Covid-19)
Authors: Jadhao Amol G. , Magar Vaishali B.
Published: March 2022

Corona means “crown,” and examined nearly, the round virus has a “crown” of  proteins called peplomers jutting out from its center in every direction. These proteins help the virus identify whether it can infect its host. The severe acute respiratory syndrome has caused an alarmimg situation of the worldwide. The first detection, in Decmber2019, there have been no effective drug therapy options for treating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. And healthcare professionals are using some drug like remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydrochloroquine, azithromycin, paracetamol, steroids, multivitamins, ivermectin, tocilumab, NSAIDs, treatment with monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma etc. of treatments. The condition known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was also linked to a highly infectious coronavirus. The SARS virus has since been included and found to be successfully curable. The disease is caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), previously referred to as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The symptoms  is typically rapid, ranging from hours to days after infection. Symptoms include fever, cough and, often, sore throat, headache, Sneezing, shortness of breath, wheezing, or difficulty in breathing.  Reduce their anxiety level effectively when they are in the events of stress by using reasonable coping styles. Early studies of the out-break focused on the novel coronavirus gene and structure modeling, host and clinical case analysis. Currently, hundreds of registered clinical trials are underway, most of which are assessing antiretroviral agents, anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant therapies, and passive antibody treatments.
Studi Antiviral Andrographis Paniculata, For Herpes Simplex Virustipe 1 (HSV-1) Treatment: In Slico Study
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Megantara Sandra
Published: March 2022

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a lifelong infectious disease. Research and drug development for this disease continues to be developed. Andrographis paniculata or commonly known as Sambiloto is a plant that is commonly used empirically as an HSV-1 drug. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these plants as candidates for HSV-1 treatment. This study will determine several bioactive compounds contained in Sambiloto against the HSV-1 receptor in an insilico study which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs in the treatment of HSV-1 infection.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Rotenone-induced Lung Injury in Mice by Its Anti-oxidative Properties
Authors: Tian Wang , Daohui Wang , Pinyuan Zhang , Jie He , Bing Han
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Acute lung injury is commonly found in patients with insecticide poisoning and the pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress. Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the main constituents of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, shows an anti-oxidative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ginsenoside Rg3 can alleviate lung injury induced by rotenone in mice.

Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (n=11). The mice in ginsenoside Rg3 groups were treated with ginsenoside Rg3 at dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg. Except for the control group, mice were challenged intragastrically with rotenone at dose of 30 mg/kg, once a day for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the lung tissues of mice were collected. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on rotenone-induced lung injury was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The oxidative stress in lung tissues were also examined.

Results: Rotenone induced substantial hemorrhage, alveolar wall thickness and neutrophils infiltration. These structural damages were attenuated significantly by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. The lung injury induced by rotenone was associated with oxidative stress in lung tissues of mice. Compared with the control group, rotenone exposure resulted in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), the decreases of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GHS-Px), and the glutathione (GSH) content. Nevertheless, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment not only reduced MDA production but also increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and the content of GSH in lung tissue of mice.

Conclusion: Taken together, this study demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 has potential to ameliorate rotenone-induced lung injury and the mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rg3 is mediated by its anti-oxidative properties.
Effect of non-pharmacological measures on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children after the return to school activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiapinotto Sabrina , Sarria Edgar , Mocelin Helena , Lima João , Baldissera Marilisa , Delatorre Laura , Mattiello Rita , Fischer Gilberto
Published: March 2022

The non-pharmacological measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic
implemented in 2020 significantly impacted child admissions for
respiratory diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these
measures on the incidence of child admissions after the resumption of
school activities. Methods: This is a longitudinal study, conducted by
analyzing pediatric hospital admissions data. It included data on
patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis, asthma, or pneumonia. The period
studied was from January to July of 2019, 2020, and 2021. Poisson
regression models with robust variance were used to obtain relative risk
and the respective 95% CI. For statistical significance, p
<0.05 was used. Results: A total of 4024 pediatric admissions
due to the diseases covered were recorded during the period studied. The
reduction in admissions and costs in 2021 compared with 2019 was 56.99
admissions/100,000 children and 56% lower, respectively. Conclusion:
Even during the period of relaxation of the non-pharmacological measures
to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant and clinically
important reduction in the number of admissions due to respiratory
diseases in children. The maintenance of the reduction in admissions
indicates that these measures can have a highly important impact on
infant health even after the resumption of school activities.
Lineage and ‘role’ in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex
Authors: Barrett Craig , Santee Mathilda , Fama Nicole , Freudenstein John , Simon Sandra , Sinn Brandon
Published: March 2022

Lineage-based species definitions applying coalescent approaches to
species delimitation have become increasingly popular. Yet, the
application of these methods and the recognition of lineage-only
definitions have recently been questioned. Species delimitation criteria
that explicitly consider both lineages and evidence for ecological
‘role’ shifts provide an opportunity to incorporate ecologically
meaningful data from multiple sources in studies of species boundaries.
Here, such criteria were applied to a problematic group of
mycoheterotrophic orchids, the Corallorhiza striata complex, analyzing
genomic, morphological, phenological, reproductive-mode, niche, and
fungal host data. A recently developed method for generating genomic
polymorphism data–ISSRseq–demonstrates evidence for four distinct
lineages, including a previously unidentified lineage in the Coast
Ranges and Cascades of California and Oregon, USA. There is divergence
in morphology, phenology, reproductive mode, and fungal associates among
the four lineages. Integrative analyses, conducted in population
assignment and redundancy analysis frameworks, provide evidence of
distinct genomic lineages and a similar pattern of divergence in the
‘extended’ data, albeit with weaker signal. However, none of the
‘extended’ datasets fully satisfy the condition of a significant ‘role’
shift, which requires evidence of fixed differences. The four lineages
identified in the current study are recognized at the level of variety,
short of comprising different species. This study represents the most
comprehensive application of ‘lineage+role’ to date and illustrates the
advantages of such an approach.
Why the 11th Sustainable Development Goal should be updated: The impact of land prices on immigrant settlement
Authors: WADJIDOU BOUKARI
Published: March 2022

Sustainable city growth necessitates sound political decisions. Owing to
ineffective policies, the land price increments have had a significant
impact on immigration settlements. Scholars have studied city immigrant
settlements without mentioning rising land prices as a major driver of
illegal settlements. This study explores the influence of the long-term
increase in land prices on immigrant settlement, by employing a panel
cointegration model and the city-level panel data of Abomey-Calavi from
1992 to 2012. Increments in land prices are found to be correlated with
both internal and external immigrants. Rising land prices hamper formal
immigrant settlement. City growth may suffer significantly as the number
of immigrants may double by 2030. However, implementing a novel land
banking policy in urban planning, may help control land price spikes and
limit illegal settlements. The findings advocate for a discussion on
affordable land prices at the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG11)
summit.
Comparative validity of three simulation platforms for objective assessment of otoscopy skills
Authors: Rotimi Oloruntobi , Dodds Isobel , Haymes Adam , Bhutta Prof Mahmood
Published: March 2022

Introduction Otoscopy is a key clinical skill which following the
introduction of the Medical Licensing Assessment all newly qualified
doctors in the United Kingdom will be required to be able to perform
independently. At present there is no consensus on a standardised method
for objectively assessing otoscopy skills. Methods Prospective mixed
methods study comparing face, content and construct validity of three
different platforms for otoscopy skills assessment, using a traditional
otoscope with manikin, digital otoscope (Tympahealth) with manikin, and
traditional otoscope with a low-cost model ear (SimEar). Skills were
assessed using a standardised mark scheme, and five expert assessors and
twelve participants who rotated through three Objective Structured
Clinical Examination (OSCE) stations representing each model. Assessors
numerically ranked validity of each model, and participated in a
semi-structured interview of opinion. Results Each platform differed in
face, construct and content validity scores, with no one platform
consistently outperforming others. Three main themes were identified
during thematic analysis of expert assessor interviews: ability to
assess what is seen, anatomical reality, and ease of use. The low-cost
model showed greatest potential, where modification to include a
silicone ear could lead to high validity with marginal increase in cost.
Conclusion Several modalities for assessing otoscopy skills exist, each
with advantages and disadvantages. Modifications to a low-cost model,
for use with either a traditional or digital otoscope, could prove to be
the best model.
Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH/MOAH) in tropical plants oils and removal of them by molecular distillation
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zhang Hai , Cao Wenming , Wang Yan , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yuanrong
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, tropical plants oils (e.g. palm oil and coconut oil) are
extensively used in consumer products, especially in infant formulas.
However, there is a lack of statistical data about the levels of mineral
oil in tropical oils, including saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and
aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). In this study, we reported a survey of
MOSH/MOAH in tropical oils. Meanwhile, we provided an effective strategy
to reduce the content of MOSH/MOAH. A total of 708 tropical plant oils
were collected from five tropical countries for this survey. The highest
quantifiable MOSH and MOAH concentrations were up to 455.99 mg kg-1 and
78.87 mg kg-1, respectively. Thereinto, MOSH was ubiquitous in almost
all the tested samples. The distribution of sub-fractions for MOSH was
centered at C25-C35 and C35-C40 for most crude and refined oils. After
distillation, the MOH sub-fraction ≤C40 could be removed effectively,
but there was no effect on the sub-fraction >C40.
Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma at the site of prior, now defunctionalized, ureterosigmoidostomy for bladder exstrophy.
Authors: Mazirka Pavel , Terracina Krista , Goldstein Lindsey , Read Thomas
Published: March 2022

Patients with a history of ureterosigmoidostomy are at an increased risk
of rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma. The cancer can occur many decades after
the diversion, even if there was conversion to ileal urinary conduit.
These patients may still be considered as high-risk individuals and
screened for colorectal cancer accordingly.
Changes in soil organic carbon stocks from the 1980s­–2010s in northwest arid zone of China
Authors: Zhang Zipeng , Ding Jian-Li , Zhu Chuan-Mei , Shi Hao-bo , Chen Xiang-Yue , Wang Jing-Zhe , Han Li-Jing
Published: March 2022

Soil is the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, and thus
minor changes in it can dramatically affect atmospheric CO
concentrations. The fragile ecological environment in
the northwestern arid zone of China is susceptible to natural and
anthropogenic disturbances, which lead to variations in structure and
function of the ecosystem, as well as carbon source–sink dynamics. In
this study, digital soil maps of soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) were
produced at a 90-m resolution for two periods (the 1980s and 2010s)
based on historical soil profile data and a random forest model. The
results showed that the prediction accuracy for SOCS in the topsoil
(0–30 cm) was superior to that of the subsoil (30–100 cm). Among them,
the mean annual evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation
index during the growing season, multi-year mean temperature, and clay
content were the main environmental factors affecting the spatial
distribution of SOCS. In the past 30 years, the SOCS of the northwestern
arid zone have decreased by 585.50 Tg, with a mean decline of 19.52 Tg C
yr . The changes in SOCS caused by land-use
conversion and reductions in SOCS were further shown to be attributable
to grassland desertification and agricultural reclamation. These
findings are valuable for exploring the carbon cycle in terrestrial
ecosystems in the context of global climate change and for achieving
China’s goal of carbon neutrality.
Integrated metal-organic framework (MOF) and pressure/vacuum swing adsorption process design: MOF matching
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhou Teng , Sundmacher Kai
Published: March 2022

A two-step integrated MOF and pressure/vacuum swing adsorption (P/VSA)
process design has been recently established for gas separation. In the
first step, selected MOF descriptors and process operating conditions
are simultaneously optimized to maximize the process performance. Based
on the obtained results, the second step (i.e., MOF matching) is
addressed and exemplified by propene/propane separation in this work.
Computational MOF synthesis and screening are carried out to find new
advanced material candidates for enhancing the separation process
efficiency. First, model-based property-performance relationships are
developed for fast MOF screening. Then, MOF building blocks are
extracted from 471 CoRE MOFs. With these building blocks, 45472
hypothetical MOFs are created. After model-based and molecular
simulation-based screening, six candidates are left and sent to P/VSA
process optimization. Finally, three candidates are found to meet the
pre-defined separation specifications and one candidate shows a better
process performance than the best out of the 471 MOFs.
Profitability Analysis of Mobile Financial Service Providers in Bangladesh: Empirical Study on bKash
Authors: Uddin Md. Kamal
Published: March 2022

Mobile financial service is an important tool of financial inclusion. It plays significant role to the national economy of Bangladesh. The study aims to analyze the profitability performance of mobile financial service providers in Bangladesh with special reference to bKash. The study covers a period of 08 (eight) financial and operational years from 2013 to 2020. Data collected for the purpose from secondary sources and used descriptive statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, F statistics, related financial ratios, and least square method to fit straight line trend to evaluate the profitability performance. The ratio analysis shows that profitability performance during the year 2014 to 2017 was sound but rest of the years under study period were negative. The trend analysis results that trend in income and expenditure of bKash are upward but trend in profit and profitability are downward during the study period. The study finds that there is no significant difference of profitability performance between first four years and last four years. The study recommends that bKash should increase diversified income level to improve profitability performance and healthy financial position in the long run.
The impact of image orientation on distribution of visual fixations while solving simple cognitive problems
Authors: Nikishina VB , Petrash EA , Prirodova OF , Akhramenko RS , Danilova AV , Kuznetsova AA
Published: March 2022

Optimization of the educational process, including distance learning, requires orderly arrangement of the information presented, which translates into the need to factor in oculomotor reactions accompanying the search for solutions to simple cognitive tasks. This need supports the relevance of the present study, which aimed to investigate the age-dependent parameters of the oculomotor reactions occurring in solving a simple cognitive task. The sample included 97 persons, 47 males and 50 females, ages 21 to 36. For the purpose of rating the oculomotor reactions, the sample was divided into age groups: 21–26 years (n = 34); 27–32 years (n = 29); 33–36 years (n = 34). The methodology that governed the rating procedures was developed by the authors of the study and relied on the Tobii EyeX eye tracking hardware and software solution (GazeControl software). The study revealed a significant correlation between orientation of the image (presentation angle) and distribution of the visual fixations: regardless of the image presentation angle and its properties (schematic monochrome or full color image), the fixations tend to fall predominantly into the top and left parts of the image (the first quadrant). Other findings include a) a significant dependence of the capability to solve simple cognitive tasks and recognize the contents of the image on the spatial orientation of the presented stimuli, and b) the number of errors made in image contents recognition increasing with age, this dependence being significant and observed for both the schematic monochrome image (p1 = 0.014; p2 = 0.016; p3 = 0.014) and the full-color image (p1 = 0.015; p2 = 0.015; p3 = 0.017). The researchers have also identified the significant angles of rotation of the presented face images that stably caused recognition errors.
Vliyanie orientacionnyh harakteristik izobrazheniya na raspredelenie zritel'nyh fiksacij pri reshenii prostyh kognitivnyh zadach
Authors: Никишина В. Б. , Петраш Е. А. , Природова О. Ф. , Ахраменко Р. С. , Данилова А. В. , Кузнецова А. А.
Published: March 2022

Aktual'nost' issledovaniya obuslovlena neobhodimost'yu organizacii pred"yavlyaemoj informacii s uchetom parametrov glazodvigatel'nyh reakcij pri reshenii prostyh kognitivnyh zadach, chto pozvolit optimizirovat' processy obucheniya, v tom chisle s ispol'zovaniem distancionnyh obrazovatel'nyh tekhnologij. Cel'yu raboty bylo izuchit' parametry glazodvigatel'nyh reakcij pri reshenii prostoj kognitivnoj zadachi na uznavanie po vozrastnoj gruppe. Ob"em vyborki sostavil 97 chelovek (47 muzhchin i 50 zhenshchin) v vozraste 21–36 let. Normirovanie pokazatelej glazodvigatel'nyh reakcij osushchestvlyali po vozrastnym gruppam: 21–26 let — 34 cheloveka; 27–32 goda — 29 chelovek; 33–36 let — 34 cheloveka, s ispol'zovaniem razrabotannoj avtorskoj metodiki i programmno-apparatnogo kompleksa Tobii EyeX (PO «GazeControl»). Pokazano, chto orientacionnye harakteristiki izobrazheniya (ugol pred"yavleniya) statisticheski znachimo sootnosimy s pokazatelyami raspredeleniya fiksacij vzglyada. Raspredelenie fiksacij vzglyada proiskhodit preimushchestvenno v verhnej i v levoj polovinah izobrazheniya (pervyj kvadrant) vne zavisimosti ot ugla naklona izobrazheniya i ego harakteristiki (skhematichnoe monohromnoe ili polnocvetnoe izobrazhenie). Vyyavleny znachimaya zavisimost' resheniya prostyh kognitivnyh zadach i uznavaniya ot prostranstvennoj orientacii pred"yavlyaemyh stimulov i statisticheski znachimoe uvelichenie chisla oshibok s uvelicheniem vozrasta pri uznavanii kak skhematichnogo monohromnogo izobrazheniya (r1 = 0,014; r2 = 0,016; r3 = 0,014), tak i polnocvetnogo izobrazheniya (r1 = 0,015; r2 = 0,015; r3 = 0,017). Opredeleny dostoverno znachimye ugly povorota pred"yavlyaemyh izobrazhenij lic, privodyashchih k ustojchivym oshibkam uznavaniya.
Peace in perspective: the historical development of Peace Studies and the Bahá'í concept
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Alan
Published: March 2022

This article has as objective to discuss how the peace concept evolved along with the history, and subsequently, to examine how this concept dialogue with the perspective provided by Bahá’í Faith according to authoritative texts and experts. Aiming to provide an overview for a discussion of a term in flux, this exploratory analysis was conducted aiming to respond to the following question: which are the interfaces between the discussion on peace developed by Peace Studies and the conceptual framework provided also on peace by Bahá’í Faith? The research shows that there are intersections both in concepts of peace and violence. Moreover, Bahá’í Faith brings an additional contribution to Peace Studies, which is a unique discussion on human nature and the principle of the oneness of mankind.
Check investment risk in equity by using the var standard
Authors: Shirgholami Fatemeh , Farid Darush
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate and compare the investment risk between the gold and the stock using Value at Risk (VaR) measure. It is one of the known methods to measure, forecast and manage the risk and has been of interest in recent years to financial institutions. Methodology: The VaR is a method for assessment and identification of risk, which makes use of standard statistical techniques applied ordinarily in other areas. Results: This investigation is seeking to find an appropriate solution for managing the risk of investment in the stock exchange and the precious metals (gold) and to select an optimal portfolio using the concept of VaR. Conclusion: In this study, offering some definitions for VaR, risk and Monte Carlo Simulation, the rate of VaR of stocks and gold with conditional heteroskedastic variance is calculated by a parametric technique using GARCH model.
Management accounting its constraint
Authors: Zoeram Abbas Ghodrati , Ansari Vali , Dehghan Khalil
Published: March 2022

The organizational transformation that happened in the world economy recent decade was accompanied by the concepts of less- profitable production and flexible system. The concept implicitly provides a production and working capacity that is consistent with demand and current capacity of acceptance. The origin of limited management was higher according to efficiency and imbalance between resources and demand for the resources. There are double restrictions for the private institutions and in all Irish economic fields Methodology: The international institutions face with the global limitations about less- profitable productive models. The non- commercial institutes are facing new problems that are related to the lack of employees and other resources while there were a recession and low efficiency about resources. Goldratt in her book providing theories about constraints provides new fields in economic perspective. These managing ideas of best salesman are describing as an exciting story that describes the manager’s attempts to prevent the loss caused by performance and the bankruptcy of the company.   In the story, Goldratt and Descooks attacked to the price finished accounting as an “enemy to productivity” rather than using developed holistic techniques as on-time production and statistic control of the process. Results: In this article, the relative usefulness of the theory of constrains related to accounting business managing methods are explained to use the resources and decision-making.  The article also examines the spread and evaluation of constraints and reactions that cause accounting and managing culture. Conclusion: Survival of the price finished management that is explaining against the continuous attacks is consistent with the probabilities by Goldratt relating to regulations ability to make changes and obligatory developments as training programs.
The relationship between corporate governance and the dynamicity of capital structure in firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Khalili Mehrnaz , Hamidian Mohsen , Godarzi Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Big corporate companies with lots of stockholders have a direct effect on countries' economy. Thus, studying such firms is an inevitable requirement to study on the national economy of countries and to remove the problems and to improve the performance and strategies utilized. Due to the effect of decisions related to capital structure and changes in it on the achievement of the firm's goals, several studies have been carried out regarding the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on decisions related to capital structure. But there has not been any experimental studies done regarding the effect of corporate governance on the modification speed of capital structure towards optimal capital structure. Thus, the present research has been carried out to supply evidences regarding the role of corporate governance variables and their quality in the speed of modification of capital structure towards optimal capital structure. Methodology: The dependent variable in this research is the dynamicity of capital structure and the independent variable is corporate governance that is comprised of three elements as: institutional stockholders, board members' independence, and the existence of internal audit. To test the research hypotheses we have used the historical data of the years between 2009 and 2013 related to 139 firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange and by using Chang et al. (2014) model. To study about the normality of research data we have done tests related to skewness and pulling and normality and in order to observe lack of self-correlation of the data we have used Durbin-Watson tests. Also in order to test the linear correlation amount between the two variables we have used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Finally the data were adjusted by multiple regression method to approve or reject the research hypotheses within the models proposed. Results: The research results showed that corporate governance quality affects the dynamicity of capital structure Conclusion: and based on findings we can accept that speed coefficient of the changes in financial leverage has been meaningful in both groups of strong and weak corporate governance firms and this variable has affected the dynamicity of capital structure.
To determine the impact of organizational culture on customers’ satisfaction
Authors: Avazzadeh Elahe , Behzadi Raziyeh
Published: March 2022

As these days, the survival of organizations is totally depended on customers and customer s, organizations are trying to gain their customers‟ attentions and draw their interests in order to keep their finger on the pulse of the market, and also to ensure their own sustainable business as well. But it must be noted that customer-orientation will not happen unless the organization has already had its own rich and supportive culture and be provided for customer-orientation. Methodology: Therefore, this study examines the impact of organizational culture on customers‟ satisfaction in Post Company. The research, benefiting from Morgan’s Table, is a descriptive-survey research of 322 customers of Post Company and also, from the point of view of data collection methods; this study is considered a fieldwork research and the sampling method used, is Simple Random Sample method. Safe to say that the means of collecting data were questionnaires along with referring to the documents and evidences. Because of the abnormality of data and also to analyze the data itself properly, binomial test has been employed, and Friedman Test is used for classifying and ranking the factors. Results: The results indicate a strong influence of organizational culture on customers‟ satisfaction. Conclusion: Since the ranking results have shown that facts, so it is recommended that employees should get involved in organizational processes so long as the organization can get the best rank it can, as far as satisfaction of customers is concerned.
Considering the Suggestions System in Gachsaran Oil & Gas Production Company
Authors: Ghorbani Ali , Valikhani Mashallah
Published: March 2022

Suggestions system is a new managerial system that its implementation in an organization enables us to utilize the employee’s suggestions and opinions as the organization major capital in order to improve the performance of the organization. Methodology: This system puts the emphasis on the small and constant improvement. Results: In this research, we plan to consider the suggestions system in Gachsaran Oil & Gas Production Company. The method of data collecting is Field work method and library method and, Conclusion: in the end, strengths and weaknesses of suggestions system in Oil Company will be presented.
The effect of the implementation of the performance audit of efficiency on improving of public sector accountability
Authors: Valipour Hashem , Fatahi Sirous , Jafari Ayatollah , Ahmadi Mohsen
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of a scientific approach and results oriented performance auditing of efficiency, and accountability of government. Methodology: Methods of solidarity and survey research, including research in order hypotheses (8) assumes two questionnaires developed five options (Likret), which both feature high reliability and validity have been prepared in the interval Since October 2014 to June 2015, the Supreme Audit Court and the provincial sample using formula Cochran (357) patients were determined, were distributed. To test the hypothesis of non-parametric tests (Pearson), test (t) one-sample and independent equations path analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in spss. Results: Test results showed, while the implementation of performance auditing efficiency has a significant relationship with the public sector accountability; Conclusion: 1) the implementation of audit performance through operating efficiency (efficiency audit) a significant relationship with the public sector to improve corporate accountability, 2) the implementation of performance audit through operating efficiency (efficiency audit) is a significant contribution to the improvement of public sector accountability legislation, 3) implementation of audit performance through operating efficiency (efficiency audits) significant contribution to the improvement of professional accountability the public sector, and 4) implementation of a performance audit through operating efficiency (efficiency audit) a significant relationship with the public sector to improve political accountability, 5) implementation of audit performance through operating efficiency (efficiency audits) significant contribution to the improved public sector financial accountability, and 6) the implementation of audit performance through efficiency operations (efficiency audits) the public sector's significant contribution to the improvement of moral accountability, 7) implementation of audit performance through operating efficiency (efficiency audits) significant contribution to the improvement of cultural and public sector accountability and ultimately 8) audit the performance of the Index Seven combined response (organizational, legal, professional, political, financial, moral, and cultural) is a significant contribution to the improvement of public accountability.
Impact of corporate governance index quality on correction speed of capital structure in firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Khalili Mehrnaz , Hamidian Mohsen , Godarzi Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Big corporate companies with lots of stockholders have a direct effect on countries' economy. Thus, studying such firms is an inevitable requirement to study on the national economy of countries and to remove the problems and to improve the performance and strategies utilized. Due to the effect of decisions related to capital structure and changes in it on the achievement of the firm's goals, several studies have been carried out regarding the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on decisions related to capital structure. But there has not been any experimental studies done regarding the effect of corporate governance index on the modification speed of capital structure towards optimal capital structure. Methodology: Thus, the present research has been carried out to supply evidences regarding the role of corporate governance variables and their quality in the speed of modification of capital structure towards optimal capital structure. The dependent variable in this research is the dynamicity of capital structure and the independent variable is corporate governance that is comprised of three elements as: institutional shareholders, board members' independence, and the existence of internal audit and They have been used to measure corporate governance index. To test the research hypotheses we have used the historical data of the years between 2009 and 2013 related to 139 firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange and by using Chang et al. (2014) model. To study about the normality of research data we have done tests related to skewness and pulling and normality and in order to observe lack of self-correlation of the data we have used Durbin-Watson tests. Also in order to test the linear correlation amount between the two variables we have used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Finally the data were adjusted by multiple regression method to approve or reject the research hypotheses within the models proposed. Results: The research results showed that corporate governance quality affects the dynamicity of capital structure Conclusion: and based on findings we can accept that speed coefficient of the changes in financial leverage has been meaningful in both groups of strong and weak corporate governance firms and this variable has affected the dynamicity of capital structure.
Identification and Classifying of Affecting Motivation Factors in Employee Turnover by Using Topsis Method in The National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (N.I.O.P.D.C)
Authors: Shirgholami zarjo Hasan , Amrollahi Biuki Nahid
Published: March 2022

Motivational factors involved in reduction of employee turnover were classified in Oil Refining and Distribution Company in selected cities of Iran. For this purpose, we reviewed the literature and concepts of turnover. Methodology: Primary Questionnaire was designed and Distributed in statistical population to identify the effective factors involved in reduce of turn over. Main factors determined by using Minitab15 software and Pareto charts. Reliability of Questionnaire measured by retesting method. In order to classify of the identified factors, TOPSIS method was used. Then second questionnaire developed to evaluation of impact of each factors in selected cities. Results: Data collected and purified to make a decision matrix. Finally, effective factors classified according to weights and importance of each factor. Conclusion: Results showed that job security, Achievement motivation, and organizational commitment, respectively, have the greatest impact on reducing employees' turnover.
The Relationship Between Learning and CRM With the Company’s Performance
Authors: Falahati Marvast Mohammad Reza , Naderi Bani Mahmud
Published: March 2022

The key purpose of this essay is to investigate and scrutinize the relationship between influence of orientation of organizational learning on customer relationship management and scrutinization of the function and the possible relations between these three factors among the tile and ceramics companies in Yazd province. Methodology: In order to measure the various aspects of these factors a 27-item questionnaire based on the likert5-point scale is being used. In the time of research, the statistical universe of the research consists of forty (40) companies. In order to determine the sample volume Morgan table was used. Based on this table the sample volume which was under study was determined as forty (40) companies. The research questionnaires were being responded by the high-ranked managers of each company. To scrutinize the pivotal indices and the scatteredness of the research variables and in order to analyze the research data and hypotheses the structural equations modeling based on PLS method (partial least square method) has been used. Results: After scrutinization and analysis of the research hypotheses the existence of a meaningful and positive relationship among them all in all was approved; that is the influence of the orientation of organizational learning on customer relationship management is positive. Conclusion: The management of customer relationship has a positive but the orientation of organizational learning has no positive and meaningful influence on the function but the orientation of learning has a weak influence on the variable of function indirectly and throughout the moderator variable of the management of customer relationship.
Merits & Demerits of Governmental Intervention on Pricing System with Emphasis on Controlling Organization Role
Authors: Feizi Amirabbas
Published: March 2022

The issue of government intervention in pricing has always been discussed by experts and economists, and various theories has been proposed by supporters of closed economy and opponents of government intervention in the pricing (open economy). Generally, the role of government has been very crucial in facing price control policies in the development of national industry, or in destruction and lack of competitiveness of industry and economic backwardness. However, government’s non-intervention in pricing and lack of attention to the prices of goods and services at various times, such as: Natural disasters, wars, etc will have many deleterious effects and may even lead to public discontent. In unusual conditions the governments as the main policy makers in the field of economy must take necessary measures in supporting people particularly the vulnerable ones against unreasonable fluctuations in commodity and service prices and control inflation through different tools such as payment of subsidies, and avoid the rise in prices of goods and services. It has a crucial role in establishing social justice and equitable distribution of income. Methodology: Studying the economy of the country after the glorious Islamic Revolution indicates the presence of government in the market and special attention of the authorities to the pricing of goods and services at various times, such as during the Sacred Defence period, development period and targeted subsidies law enforcement period. Results: Since the intervention of governments in pricing in normal circum stances is not justified and it may have various consequences such as lack of competitiveness of national products in the international arena, reduction of the private sector’s motivation to invest in the production ,the existing bureaucracy in pricing system by the government and the lack of  attention to market supply and demand mechanism, faces the government's success with some doubts in achieving the goal of afford able consumer goods and continuity in this process causes reduction in supply due to lack of interest of  the producers in competing with the prices provided by the government which ultimately leads to economic under development because of the lack of private sector participation. Conclusion: Hence it is tried to explain and describe the role of regulatory agencies to access the Resistive Economy policies purposes with an increasing domestic production approach in order to access international markets, domestic and foreign investment attraction, transparency and healthy economic and distribution systems and pricing ,utilizing up-to-date market supervision methods with some advantages and disadvantages of government intervention in pricing.