bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative, Crowd-sourced and Interactive Documentary
Authors: Cardillo Susan
Published: April 2022

Campus Reboot is a crowd-sourced, interactive and collaborative web-based documentary project and course. The project is a living document of the historical times of college during a pandemic and aftermath. This project was created during COVID-19 to give college students a way to express their feelings and create interactive video projects.
Campus Reboot began as experimental research and a need to find ways for students to be creative during a pandemic. Practice-based research is an original investigation undertaken to gain new knowledge based on the practice and outcomes of that practice. There were three areas of involvement that were analyzed: the perspective of the students, the perspective of other instructors, and the perspective of those of us putting it all together. Working with fifteen colleges around the world, students created videos, based on prompts, to share their feelings about college during COVID-19.
Campus Reboot allowed students to not only create works that speak to the voice of their generation, in the midst of a historical pandemic but also to work with the footage from other schools to create a broader story of our times. This project and paper look at collaborative, crowd-sourced, and interactive documentary as tools for new narratives, social engagement, and a combined voice of a generation during a global crisis. This type of collaboration can be re-worked to fit different types of projects. With minimal cost and the use of multi-media, college students can collaborate internationally to tell stories of their generation.
Pin Up! The Interactive Documentary
Authors: Ryan Kathleen
Published: April 2022

Pin Up! The Movie: An Interactive Documentary uses oral history to explore an international subculture. In it, women and men adopt vintage style and advocate for social and political change. Specifically, they use the subculture to advocate for anti-racist practices, call for body positivity, and lobby for full equity and acceptance of LGBTQI subcultural members. These advocates do this with acknowledgement of historical racism and sexism, which is sometimes echoed in the contemporary subculture. This i-doc intentionally uses non-professional storytelling tactics (vertical video, online video recordings, strait to camera interviews) to transform notions of a proper “aesthetic” within the documentary genre. It also invites subcultural members to take over its social media feeds. This paper argues that actively approaching the i-doc as a shared authority demonstrates how emerging formats, gamification of storytelling, and non-narrative structures can result in a sense of subcultural authenticity: a way to use the documentary format to provide agency to both members of the subculture featured in the project, as well as to audience members.
Scriptwriting for Interactive Crime Films
Authors: Clarke Ashton , Zioga Polina
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the increasing number of interactive films being released, has highlighted the need for further development of methods and criteria that can guide the earlier stages of development, such as the scriptwriting process. Following the framework of interactive storytelling as a spectrum, it is acknowledged that writing a script for an interactive narrative that involves branching path options for navigating through the story, or multiple endings, is becoming more common and presents its own challenges. In this context, this paper examines established criteria used for assessing narrative quality and examines currently available software for interactive scriptwriting, identifying their affordances and limitations. Accordingly, we present Scapegoat, a short interactive crime drama, based on the model of British homicide investigations, and with the objective to investigate in practice the application of the criteria for narrative quality, together with the processes and elements of scriptwriting that can lead to a strong engaging story. We propose an approach that can efficiently incorporate crucial information of the interaction design, it can be effectively communicated to the crew and cast and used throughout the production lifecycle of the film. We highlight the crucial role of the on-set script supervisor for ensuring the interaction design is not compromised, and continuity is retained. We also discuss recommendations for further developments, including the importance of engaging the crew and cast early in the development process, together with future work into the requirements of interactive commissioners for television and film, and the need for standarisation in the industry.
Indigenous and Migrant Embodied Cartographies
Authors: Ebanks Schlums Debbie , Kahgee Adrian , Tabobondung Rebeka
Published: April 2022

The Odeimin Runners Club is an Indigenous and Black-Persons-of-Colour (IBPOC) media arts collective (the “Collective”) creating an online story map using an open-source satellite mapping platform. By tracing activities and connections in our engagements with each other and our communities, our counter-mapping project re-traces trade and ceremonial routes between the north of Turtle Island and the Caribbean archipelago, linking stories, videos and artworks to traditional territories. This paper addresses the process of a pilot project making three 16mm experimental films. Process cinema methodologies that incorporate plants and organic materials in film processing were applied in the first phase of the project to produce three short films using Bolex film cameras. The films are themed on human survival, land connection, “rematriation” and BIPOC counter-mapping, threading our knowledge and stories together as we visit each other’s territories. In the making, Indigenous and performative cartographic methods were also used to map the inter-relations between the histories and futures of the land. An interactive website was created to integrate these methodologies while giving public access to the films during online exhibitions. The interactivity of the platform establishes connections between the films and filmmakers, both formally and thematically, wherein sharing traditional wisdom, imparting important knowledge, and offering support and strength to one another, facilitate the navigation of current political and environmental instabilities facing the authors’ communities. The authors conclude by suggesting future explorations aimed at building an interactive online mapping experience for communities to deepen and widen connections between their respective communities.
Intersectionality: A Framework for Children with Special HealthCare Needs Research
Authors: Rodriguez Laura
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The experience of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) who hold multiply marginalized identities is underrepresented in healthcare research literature. Even less research investigates the impact of multiple systems of oppression on CSHCN experiences with healthcare providers, services, and systems. Methods: To identify gaps and areas of future research, in early 2020, a scoping review of current CSHCN healthcare literature that includes an explicit intersectionality framework or analysis was conducted. Findings:  Based on the literature search results, there were zero peer reviewed articles within the CSHCN research literature that included a framework or analysis of intersectionality. Implication: CSHCN have diverse lived experiences. An explicitly intersectional approach is best suited to creating programs, treatments, interventions, and service provision that address the truly complex needs of this population within the U.S. dominant culture. Promising frameworks and future research needs are discussed.
Head and neck cancer treatment and its sexual impact on quality of life: An integrative literature review.
Authors: Sant'Ana Ricardo , Dos Santos Ana Dulce , Da Silva Felipe , Bastos Rodrigo , Lima Carmen , Maheu Christine , Turato Egberto , Godoy Simone
Published: April 2022

Objective: To identify the impacts of head and neck cancer treatment on the sexual health of patients. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out from May to October 2020 using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and the SciELO portal. A total of 287 primary articles were identified. After assessing them, 6 articles met the eligibility criteria, which were: all articles published in the last ten years that addressed the sexual impact of HNC treatment on people's lives, without any language or age. Results: Patients with Head and Neck Cancer have to face aesthetic disfigurement challenges in post-treatment. This leads to a greater degree of suffering and social and sexual problems than is observed in other cancer patients. Health professionals do not feel safe to access the intimate and sexual demands of patients during the clinical treatment. Conclusions: Most of the studies included in this review focused on measuring the quality of life using only one or two variables related to sexuality. There is the need other research to explore how multiple factors, such as social, psychological, cultural, religious, ethnic, and ethical factors, affect sexuality. This promotes the creation of the paths for comprehensive care and management of patients.
Electronic health literacy among adults with chronic pain: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Park Hyejin , Martorella Geraldine , Schluck Glenna
Published: April 2022

Background: Approximately 100 million American adults are living with chronic pain, which costs the healthcare system an average of $560–635 billion each year. Levels of health literacy and ehealth literacy are important factors in determining a patient’s capacity to manage pain and the multidimensional impact of pain. To our knowledge, few studies have specifically examined the level of ehealth literacy and its association with health literacy among chronic pain patients. The purpose of this study was to 1) assess the levels of health literacy and ehealth literacy in adults with chronic pain, and 2) examine the relationship between health literacy and ehealth literacy skills among adults diagnosed and living with chronic pain. Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional survey was distributed to adults with chronic pain. A total of 196 participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to demographic characteristics, ehealth literacy (eHEALS), and health literacy (HLQ). Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize data from all the scales used in the study. Results: The average level of ehealth literacy was 32.6 (SD 4.4) out of 40. The level of health literacy was measured by four subscales: having sufficient information to manage my health (mean=2.8; SD=0.55), appraisal of health information (mean=3.27; SD=0.41), ability to find good health information (mean=3.68; SD=0.45), and understanding health information well enough to know what to do (mean=3.66; SD=0.48). Two subscales (i.e., appraisal of health information, ability to find good health information) were significant in predicting ehealth literacy total score. Discussion and Conclusions: Examining ehealth literacy and health literacy can assist in the dissemination of accessible and understandable chronic-pain-related health information for individuals of all health literacy levels. In addition, this will allow the development of interventions for enhancing ehealth literacy skills and/or usability of web-based information for adults with chronic pain.
(Im)mobilities and life satisfaction in times of COVID-19: The case of older persons in Switzerland
Authors: Dones Iuna , Ciobanu Ruxandra Oana , Baeriswyl Marie
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in mobilities worldwide. Physical movement and social contact are shown to be correlated to life satisfaction. In this paper we are interested in how during the pandemic other types of mobilities relate to life satisfaction. The paper draws on a survey (N=643) among persons aged 65+ in Switzerland. Results show that engagement in communicative mobilities are related to higher life satisfaction, imaginative mobilities only partially relate to life satisfaction, and virtual mobilities have no correlation.
Women’s empowerment under the lens of global health equity: Literature review of challenges, best practices, and societal impact
Authors: Al-Chetachi Walaa , Krivova Agafya , Badran Hana’a , Azam Saida , Radwan Eman , Shalaby Yasmine , Orin Mithila , Quintanilla Edith , Bhuiyan Shafi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Women’s empowerment refers to strengthening the social, economic, and educational powers of women. Numerous global initiatives have been implemented to enable women to make decisions about their health and lives. The purpose of this literature review was to review women’s health barriers, related best practices, and their impacts on women's empowerment in the global context. Methods: We comprehensively searched databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar and key program websites. To expand our review, we used a snowball strategy to scan articles, documents, reports, and research outputs of global programs and best practices to overcome barriers. Also, we screened publications posted on websites of organizations working on women’s empowerment and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals progress. Results: Findings suggest significant advancements have been made in the status of women's health over the past two decades. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated health barriers, impeding, and even reversing progress, which has resulted in widening women’s inequity in access to health care services worldwide. Conclusions: Findings suggest that successful and sustainable programs should have a multisectoral, multilevel and multistakeholder, diversified interventions approach with social empowerment, as well as the need for legislative enforcement against discrimination and harmful practices towards women.
The need for clarification of terminology and labels in interprofessional care: A commentary
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Axenciuc Rostislav , Mitchell Emily , Nyathi Sifelipilu
Published: April 2022

Background: The current healthcare environment is filled with numerous team caring models, which are often used interchangeably, but ultimately mean different levels of collaboration among HCPs, and between HCPs and patients: multiprofessional collaboration, transprofessional collaboration, and interprofessional patient-centered collaborative (IPCC) care. Furthermore, the labels for these care models are not patient-friendly, portraying that only HCP ‘professionals’ comprise the team membership. Clarity is required around the terminology and labeling of these caring models to ensure enhanced patient involvement within interprofessional teams. Discussion: The definitions of the three team care models are provided with an explanation of how these models of care connect to the 55-year-old patient’s case and impact on the relationship between HCPs and patient. Conclusion: While IPCC care is considered as the gold standard for the collaboration between a variety of HCP professional groups and the patient, work needs to be done on the label applied to this caring model. Future research should explore, from patients’ perspectives, the labels used in IPCC care and propose an alternative title that is more inclusive of patients as team members.
Study on Dissolution test and the correlation factors that lead to different Bioavailability of Drugs
Authors: Abed AL-Hussein Rinata Abed AL- star , Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Al-Naqeeb Abdulkhaliq A.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to study the physical and chemical characteristics solubility testing by using three types of drugs which are: (Clopidegrol tablet, Simvastatin tablet, Chlorpromazine tablet).

From different sources (France, Jordan, India, Germany, Creek, Syria and Lebanon) according to American standard (U.S.P30) to obtain the results to the primary solubility testing data the result of the significant level comparison to analysis the variation for the test of equal means of the data of solubility as following:1 - The solubility of the French drug is the heights with significant level differences at:A - With a highly significant level (P < 0.01) Compared with the Indian product.B - With a non significant level at ( P > 0.05) Compared with Jordan product.C - A highly significant level at (P < 0.01) according to the solubility of Jordan product by using Simvastatin.2 - The results of significant difference is based on the highest solubility by using Clopidegrol drug at (P < 0.01) compared with the Jordan and with significant level (P < 0.05) compared with Indian drug .3 - Also the result of significant level comparison given high significant level (P < 0.01) between the German product which gives a high significant difference level compared with the Greek product and with un significant level ( P > 0.05) compared with Indian product .4 - Show that their exist a significant difference (P < 0.05) with the highly solubility for the Lebanon product compared with Syrian product by also using chlorpromazine in similarly test for average reading of solubility by using t-test.
The use of the water extract of Rosa spp petals as a bacterial growth medium
Authors: Al-Azzauy Ahmed A. M. , Hana Dalya B. , Abdalah Mayssaa E.
Published: April 2022

In a pioneer study, simple water extract for the red petals of Rosa spp. was prepared under sterile conditions, then used for the first time as experimental bacterial culture medium for the growth of the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae; the medium was used as alternative culture medium for the routine culture media (Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar) that used for the growth of these genera in the laboratories.All the genera showed active growth after 24 hours when it used directly as a liquid culture medium. The extract was used also to enrich the agar-agar and cultivated with the same bacteria; it showed a noticeable growth. The results suggest that this extract is a suitable culture medium; it could be used instead ofthe routine culture media that used in the cultivation of these bacteria in the laboratories. It also represents important, rich nutritional medium as those that isused in the routine laboratory work.
The comparison study of Fluoride kinetics in saliva after the use of chewing gums containing different fluoride compounds In Iraqi subjects
Authors: Jassim Khalid Nassif
Published: April 2022

There is a relationship between the use of fluoride, the reduction of dental caries and the increase of dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fluoride kinetics in saliva after using two commercially available chewing gums with fluoride, which contains (3.38) mg of fluoride as marketed Sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) and sodium fluoride (NaF) which are the two most common sources of fluoride used in currently fluoride dentifrices.Fifteen 7-9 year-old volunteers were instructed to chew the fluoridated gums. Total saliva was collected, at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 15 minutes after 3 minutes starting chewing. Salivary fluoride was analyzed with a fluoride-specific electrode (201 Fluoride E. HANNA instruments) after acid hydrolysis.The fluoride amount in the saliva samples after the use of chewing gum which contains Sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) was 0.4 mg which higher than after the use of chewing gum contains sodium fluoride (NaF) which was 0.041mg in all experimental periods, The high fluoride presence in saliva after the use of chewing gum of (NaMFP) is significant to prevent dental caries and this should be evaluated in clinical researches. On the other hand, children at an age of risk for dental fluorosis should avoid the use of this kind of chewing gums.
Evaluation of Tensile Strength and Microhardness of Two Nickel- Chromium Based Casting Alloys with the Addition of Different Ratios Recasted Alloy Using Oxyacetylene Flame Casting Techniques
Authors: S.A Fahad , A.A. Widad , I.I. Sundus
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the tensile strength and microhardness of Ni-Cr alloy by adding two different ratios of recasted alloy (25%,50%)and one controlled group (100%fresh alloy),some technicians in our country modifies the casting of Ni-Cr alloy by adding recasted alloy because of high cost of Ni-Cr and low economical state.

We use two different trade mark of Ni-Cr alloy (wiron99 and maxwhiteness).According to ANSI/ADA Specification No. 14 (ISO 6871); 30 specimens were made for tensile testing for each alloy type. Another 30 specimens were made for micro-hardness testing which they were square in shape (6mm for each arm and 1mm thickness). ,after statistical analysis it was found that there were no significant differences between each sub-group for the same alloy type for tensile and micro-hardness testing specimens. Although there were a great significant differences between each alloy type.
Evaluation of calcium concentration in saliva of Iraqi male smokers
Authors: Abed Hayder Hamed , Al-Fatah Jamal Abed , Mohana Mosher Hadi , Ali Husseen Abed Al-Wahed
Published: April 2022

Calcium is the major component of bones and teeth, and it is not surprising that disturbances in calcium metabolism have been implicated in most of the major chronic diseases, including renal disease, osteoporosis; and periodontal tissues Saliva is a secretion which plays an important role in initial digestive processes and in maintaining homeostasis of the oral cavity environment. Constant presence of saliva in the oral cavity helps to keep its tissues in healthy condition. Secretion of calcium in saliva depends on many physiological factors such as salivary flow rates and pH of oral environment.

Fifteen Iraqi males were considered in this study with age range 49-52 years old. They were smoking 30-40 cigarette per day with nicotine contain of about 0.81-1.2 mg per cigarette Significant increasing in calcium concentration was observed in the smokers in comparison with the non-smokers with a mean changes 0.538 ± 0.410 SD. The pH values of saliva were decreased to 6.22 while for the non smokers was 7.12.Our result predicted elevated levels of calcium concentration of the smoker's saliva than the non smokers. This increasing in concentration we attributed to decrease of pH of saliva which retrieving calcium from teeth or aging process that attributed decrease in skeleton density than release of calcium from bone and teeth to circulation or hormonal changes.
The Possible Protective Effect of Simultaneous Administration of Alcoholic Ammi majus Seeds' Extract Against Gentamicininduced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Muttlag Shihab H. , Kasim Ali A. , Jassim Ali R.
Published: April 2022

In gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to play a pivotal role in cellular damage and necrosis via several complex mechanisms. Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae) is a rich source of many compounds which possess, among others, anti-oxidant activities.The aim of this study is to assess the possible protective effect of the alcoholic extract of Ammi majus seeds against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.Eighteen rats were divided randomly into three groups: Group 1 (control) received a daily intraperitoneal (ip.) injection of 0.5 ml isotonic saline for six successive days. Group 2 received gentamicin dose of 100 mg kg−1day-1 (ip.), for six successive days. Group 3 received simultaneously the gentamicin dose(ip.) and aqueous solution of Ammi majusseeds' alcoholic extract (orally), at a dose of 128 mg kg-1 day-1 for six successive days.Serum urea, creatinin, tissue MDA and GSH concentrations were measured to assess the possible protective effects of Ammi majus.Serum creatinine and urea levels in Ammi majus treated group were lower than the group treated with gentamicin alone (P < 0.05). Simultaneous treatmentwith Ammi majus normalized the kidney tissue MDA content (P < 0.001) when compared to gentamicin-treated group. However, simultaneous treatment withAmmi majus provided a significant increase in kidney GSH levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion Ammi majus seeds' alcoholic extract has a protective effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity when given simultaneously. This protective effect may be mediated by the antioxidant activity of its active constituents.Further study is needed to assess the effect of treatment with Ammi majus extract before the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity
Serum iron levels in correlation with serum lead, and serum calcium levels in diabetic patients
Authors: Abbas Wasan Abdulkareem
Published: April 2022

Recent medical researches suggest that there may be a link between iron levels and diabetes . The objective of this study is to measure serum iron levels indiabetic patients and compared with healthy controls .The study also include the measurement of both serum calcium ,and serum lead levels in diabetic patients and the correlation between these two elements and the disease ,and the correlation between these elements and iron level in diabetic patients.

This study included 30 patients had diabetes were submitted to the out patients clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Those patients were varying in theirages (30-70 years) and duration of disease (1-22 years) compared with 20 apparently healthy controls (non diabetic), with the same range of age.Calcium, lead, and iron estimation were done by atomic absorption method. In this study there is no significant changes were found in both serum leadlevels of the patients compared with the controls and serum iron levels of the patients compared with the controls , While there is a significant changes in serum calcium levels of the patients compared with the controls p ˂ 0.0001. Also there is inverse correlation between serum calcium and serum iron (r=-0.398) , a weak inverse correlation between serum lead and serum iron (r=-0.069),and a direct weak correlation between serum calcium and serum lead(r=0.027) were found in the patients.The role of iron in diabetes development still unclear, and the patients should carefully use iron supplements particularly patients with long duration of the disease.
Diagnostic Study on Brucella melitensis isolated from Human in Wassit province
Authors: Abbas Basil A. , Mohammed Haethem Q. , Tofah Jalal A.
Published: April 2022

This study was performed to identify the extent of the infection with Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in humans in Kut city through a period ofnine months from September 2007 till May 2008. One hundred blood samples were collected from humans and all were suspected in having brucellosis while twenty blood samples were collected from humans and all were known in not being suspected in having brucellosis and has no history in having such disease according to the performed serological tests (Rose Bengal test and 2-Mercaptoethanol test). The recorded cases for the brucellosis suspected samples were 58 Cases (58%) that positive for Rose Bengal test which the acute phases.With the use of 2–Mercaptoethanol test, the results showed that the chronic phase positive cases reached up to 12 samples (20.68%).Blood sample from the infected cases used for the purpose of bacterial isolation. Later by using Castaneda biphase medium the results showed that out of58, 8 (13.79%) isolates were positive for the test. This method has been characterized by its time shortness for isolation.A number of morphological and biochemical tests had been carried including the direct examination, Catalase, Oxidase , Urease, IMVIC test, inoculation intonitrate reduction test medium and the ability to grow in the bacteriostatic dyes medium under the presence of basic fuchsin dye with two concentrations 1:50000 and 1:100000.The results of the biotyping of isolates showed that 2 isolates out of 8 isolates (25%) were agglutinated with monospecific antisera for Brucella abortus (A) so itwas belonging to the biotype 2. While the rest 6 isolates (75%) which were agglutinated simultaneously with monospacific antisera for Brucella abortus (A)and with monospecific antisera for Brucella melitensis (M) so it was belonging to the biotype 3.

All isolate's colonies which were isolated from the infected cases were in the smooth phase and showed its negativity to the virulence factors tests represented by the enzymes of (hemolysin, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, DNAase).All isolates were subjected to the antibiotics sensitivity test toward twenty two antibiotics and they were sensitive in a rate of 100% toward Streptomycin,Pipracillin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampicin, Doxycyclin and Cephoxitin while toward Chloramphenicol it was 92% and for Tetracycline and Gentamycin itwas 80% for both. At the same time the isolates were resistant at a rate 100% to Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin, Nalidixic acid, Lincomycin, Cefixine,Cloxacillin, Clindamycin, and the mixed Trimethoprin and Sulfamethoxazole
A study of cytotoxic effect of Iraqi fenugreek seeds alkaloids extract on some cancer cell line.
Authors: Salman Salim Dawood
Published: April 2022

The inhibitory activity of total alkaloids of Iraqi fenugreek extract on cancer cells was evaluated and its cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines was measured.Alkaloids were extracted from the seed, which contain the main active constituent, by organic solvent. The crude extract was purified and the total alkaloids were obtained. Detection and identification of purified extract were carried out by using many assays.Cytotoxic effects of different concentration (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 μg/ml) of fenugreek alkaloids on two cell line (RD, REF) cancer line was studied after 24h,48h and 72h of exposure to the alkaloids extract. It was found that there was a significant cytotoxic effect on this line at concentration (1000μg/ml) after 24hr of exposure while no significant effect seen in other concentration used in the study. Similarly it found after 72hr a significant effect could be detected at high concentration (1000μg/ml).No significant cytotoxicity after 48hr of exposure for all concentration used could be seen. On REF cancer cell line no significant cytotoxic effect could be seen after 24hr of exposure even that there is a slight none, significant effect in some concentration. After 48hronly at high concentration (1000μg/ml) a significant effect was seen. All concentration used have no cytotoxic effect after 72hr of exposure. So we canconclude that fenugreek alkaloids have a cytotoxic effect on different cancer cell line which differs in potency from cell line to other and different exposure times.
Protective effects of simvastatin and/or telmisartan on cardiovascular system in patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Authors: M. H. Ali , Al-Shamma Kasim J. , A. H. Qais
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of simvastatin, telmisartan or their combination on cardiovascular system in patients with COPD.Eighty patients with mild to moderate COPD were participated in this study. They were recruited into four groups where the first group includes 20 patients on an inhaled β2- agonist only (control), the second group includes 20 patients on an inhaled β2- agonist plus 20mg/d simvastatin, the third group includes 20 patients on an inhaled β2- agonist plus 40mg/d telmisartan and the fourth group includes 20 patients on an inhaled β2- agonist plus combination of both simvastatin and telmisartan. Twenty apparently healthy subjects were selected to be a normal group for comparison. Baseline, 3 and 6 months periods were used to monitor patients. Assessing the plasma levels of hs-CRP, VCAM-1 and lipid profile. ANOVA method for statistics were used to compare the results.There was a great reduction in hs-CRP and VCAM-1 in addition to modulation of lipid profile after the use of simvastatin 20mg/d, telmisartan 40mg/d and their combination in COPD patients.Simvastatin 20mg/d, telmisartan 40mg/d and their combination exerted a protective effect on the cardiovascular system in COPD patients after 3 and 6 months of therapy by reducing hs-CRP, VCAM-1 and lipid profile.
Urinary Tract Infection Among Children's Under (12) Years Old In Tikrit City
Authors: Aswed AL-Qaidi Hussein S. , Jasim Thamer M. , AL_Mazruai Ibrahim A.Hussein
Published: April 2022

A total of 160 urine samples from patient attendants to Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit during the priod from 1st June to 30 September 2001 with signsand symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection .Only 51 urine sample (32%) were positive yielded significant Bacteruria.The result indicated that E.coli was the most frequent organism (41%) and consequently followed by Klebseilla spp., Enterobacter spp. (15.5%) andproteus mirabilus, pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Urinary Tract Infections are less common in male than female 19 (12%) and 32 (20%) respectively. Cell wasfound with bicteria in all the positive cases (the 51 urine sample).Regarding to relation of U.T.I. with age, the result showed that the most frequent infected patient was in age group of (6-8) years in both females and male 9(5.6%) and 5 (3%) respectively .The samples were examined within 30 min, specimens were cultured on blood agar, MacConky agar .and nutrient agar, incubated aerobically at 37oCfor 18-24 hrs. This is a cross section study indicated the Ratio of Urinary tract infections in girls more than boys a ratio of1:0.6 Culture and sensitivity test of antibiotics were done to recognize the etiological agent and select the suitable antibiotics.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfacetamide in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations with Metol and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ)
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R. , Ali Huda Mohammed , Musa Luma Aamr
Published: April 2022

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method of determination of Sulfacetamide (SAC) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.The method is based on the formation of (SAC) complex. The reaction between of the Sulfacetamide with the mixture of metol and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ) was evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of the Sulfacetamide. The maximum absorbance of the colored complex occurred at λ=540nm. Reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain (SAC) complex of high sensitivity and longer stability. Under optimum conditions the absorbance of the (SAC) complex where found to increase linearly with increase in concentration of the Sulfacetamide, which corroborated with correlation coefficient value. The concentration ranges are 0.1-100 μg ml-1 with detection limit 0.01842μg ml-1 and relative standard deviation 0.74 % and relative error of prediction for drug were lower.The proposed method was successfully applied to determine of the selected Sulfacetamide in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations with good precisionand accuracy compared to standard method as revealed by t- and F- values and the results obtained agree well with the labeled contents.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Antimicrobial Vaginal Tablets of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Rahi Firas Aziz , Thomas Lena M
Published: April 2022

Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone, effective in the treatment of a wide range of infections, including genitourinary tract infections.In this study, bioadhesive vaginal tablets of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method using a combination of bioadhesivepolymers carbopol 934P(Cp), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA) in different ratios.The prepared tablet formulations were characterized by measuring their swelling capacity, surface pH, bioadhesive properties, and in-vitro drug dissolution. It was found that the bioadhesive force was directly proportional to carbopol 934P content in different formulae and was further enhanced by the inclusion of carboxymethylcellulose. Swelling studies indicated that formulae containing a combination of carbopol 934P and sodium alginate or carboxymethylcellulose had greater swelling index than those containing carbopol 934P alone. Formulations containing Carbopol 934P and carboxymethylcellulose were found to swell to a greater extent than those composed of similar ratios of carbopol and sodium alginate. In vitro drug release study showed that the release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from formulae containing carboxymethylcellulose was faster than from those containing sodium alginate.Formula F5 composed of CP/CMC in a ratio of 2:1 showed moderate swelling, suitable bioadhesion and retardation of drug release. Thus, it may be considered a good candidate as a base for bioadhesive vaginal tablet
Profile of microorganisms isolated from blood and wound in the first week of post burn infections and antibacterial resistance pattern
Authors: Ibraheem Khalida Jhalil
Published: April 2022

Infection of burn wounds is a serious problem leading to death and need critical care.The purpose of this study is to identify common microorganisms isolated from blood and wound in the first week of post burn infections and assess their susceptibility to the commonly used antibacterial agents.Blood and wound swabs from 62 patients with burn wound infections were collected on Third and Sixth day of post burn infections.The microorganisms were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. Susceptibility test were performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 62 patients, female (62.9%) were found to be affected more than males (37.1%) while (53.2%) of the patients were paediatric and the remaining (46.8%)were adults. The flame burn was the predominant cause of burn among patients; (51.6%) had flame burns, (33.9%) a scald, and (14.5%) had an electrical burn.It was found that predominant aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%)and Bacteroides spp.(4.8%), respectively. While Candida tropicalis (0.8%) was the most common fungal organi followed by Candida albicans (0.4%). In most of the cases, the same microorganisms were found in blood and pus samples. All the bacterial isolates showed high resistance to used antibiotics.Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic followed by Meropenem and Ceftriaxone.
The Antimicrobial Activity and the Median Lethal Dose of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Ethanolic Extract on Mice
Authors: O. M. Seham
Published: April 2022

The antimicrobial activities of thyme (thymes vulgaris) ethanolic extract was studied by agar well diffusion technique against tested organisms (Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans). The results were showed that the extract have antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested microorganisms. The results were also showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanolic extract of thyme in laboratory mice was about (4220 mg/kg B.w). The toxic signs during 24 hours after oral administration of thyme extract were rapid breathing, dullness, contraction of abdominal muscles, paralysis then death.
Labelling Study of Sodium Citrate With Tc99m and The Bological Behaviour Of The Labelled Complex as Kidney Functioal Agent
Authors: S. M Khalida,
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to optimize the parameters for the development of a procedure for preparing Sn-sodium citrate label with Tc99m, of providing a stable complex after mixing with Tc99m-pertechnetate and to find the potential of technetium- 99m (Tc99m) citrate complex as a new kidney functional agent. The labeling conditions of Tc99m citrate complex using stannous chloride dehydrate as a reducing agent for pertechnetate have been described. The gel chromatography scanning (GCS) method reveals that the labeling efficiency of Tc99m-citrate complex is promoted by raising the pH of the preparation to(pH=4) using 1N NaOH. The optimal amounts of the reactants in the preparation to obtain labeled and stable complex with high kidney uptake were found to be (1mg) sodium citrate and (100 μg) SnCl2.2H2O. The results show that high labeling yield (≥95%) for the labeled complex. The data of bio distribution experiments in the laboratory animals (mice), clear high radioactivity accumulation of labeled complex in kidney at 5 minutes post injection. Theresults of bio distribution of labeled complex have shown a good biological behavior with low radioactivity accumulation in the non-target organs (blood, liver and other organs).
Helicobacter Pylori IgG Antibodies in Iraqi Uremic Patients
Authors: Al- Hadithi Hayffa Salman , Al- Maliki Sabah Zyara Kadhum , Katahb Omer Salim
Published: April 2022

Helicobacter pylori is a curved, S-shape Gram negative rod. It is non-sporulating, actively motile with cork screw motion. It has a bundle of (4-6) unipolar sheathed flagella, this sheath thought to protect bacteria against acidity.Our result predicted increase in infection with H.pylori after operation in positive patient for infection while reverse pattern were observed in negative patients for infection.Significant increase of anti H.pylori IgG level percentage in chronic renal patients before, after, and control groups.The developments of high level of IgG could be attributed to the treatment thatmprovide suitable factor for developing infections. The other aspect of gastrointestinal disorders in uremia is mucosal lesions such as esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis and peptic ulcer.The aim of this research was evaluation of H.pylori IgG antibodies in Iraqi chronic renal failure before and after kidney transplantation.We concluded that High level of H.pylori IgG was estimated in patients with chronic renal failure and treatments of infection required before transplantation.
Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and testing their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by using Bactec 960.
Authors: Kadhim Afraa Ali , AL-Marjan Mohammed Faraj , Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Manki Ahmed Asmar
Published: April 2022

This study was done from 3/7/2011 to 1/1/2012 , different clinical samples were collected from (1235) patients that coming to the Specialized center for chest and respiratory diseases / Baghdad to investigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and study their resistant to first and second line antimicrobial agents by using Bactec 960.The results obtained from direct smear examination with Ziehl – Neelsen stain in (294) patients that indicated these patients are Infected with tuberculosis . These samples has been cultured on solid medium Lowenstein Jensen media (L.J.) and liquid medium ( middle brook 7H8 broth base) in the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) using a device (BACTEC MGIT 960 System).Results of (275) samples that represented (22.27%) from total samples were showed a significant real growth that belong to bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From (275) isolates tested to 1st line anti TB (streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH),rifampin (RMP) and ethambutol (EMB)), (196) isolates were resistant to the first line antimicrobial agents that used in the treatment of tuberculosis by using Bactec 960. (125) isolates (63.77%) showed resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs (MDR-TB).Furthermore, the sensitivity test was done on thirty isolates that characterized by multiple drug resistance criteria (MDR-TB) on second line antimicrobial agents to investigate Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis(XDR-TB) between these isolates. The results showed that the bestantibiotics in their impact on the isolates (MDR-TB) is (PAS) P-aminosalicylic acid as the percentage of resistance was (3.3%).
An Unusual Location Of Hydatid Disease Hydatid Cyst Of Rib
Authors: MohIeldeen Sameer
Published: April 2022

The Hydatid cyst is endemic in our country, but bone lesions are less common. The disease often takes the appearance of abscess or malignant lesion. Osseous Hydatid disease is caused by parasitic tapeworm Genus Echinococcus. Patients usually present with pain , swelling, or pathological fracture.The course of the disease is generally slow and laboratory tests are frequently negative. Diagnosis is generally made through the combined assessment of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data.Living in a rural area is an important factor for the disease/ The gold standard for therapy is radical removal of the ribs or chest wall.We present the case of a 42- year old man with costal echinococcusis of the right (8th) rib ,complete excision of the rib ,followed by three months of Albendazole 10mg/kg/day.
Study of Some Cytokines and Hormones in a Sample of Iraqi women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome and Their Relation to Obesity.
Authors: Waheed, Huda J. , Saifallah Perry H. , Salman Isam N.
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to measure serum vaspin and apelin levels in women with PCOS to show their rule in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Ninety eight women with PCOS, 51 non-obese [body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2] and 47 obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Each group is compared to apparently healthy women as a control group matched for age and BMI. Clinical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical and hormonal analysis were determined. The mean serum level of vaspin and apelin showed statistically significant difference between PCOS patients (non-obese and obese) compared to control women (non-obese and obese) respectively. Also, the levels of both parameters (vaspin, apelin)showed significant differences between PCOS obese patients and non-obese ones. It is concluded that serum vaspin and apelin level increased in PCOS women particularly the obese. These data suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of PCOS
Development and evaluation of or dispersible tablet of Propranolol Hydrochloride by sublimation technique
Authors: M. G. Mowafaq
Published: April 2022

Propranolol Hydrochloride (PHCl) is a synthetic beta adrenergic receptor blockingagent used widely in the treatment of angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension.The purpose of this study was to develop PHCl orodispersible tablet of fast disintegration inmouth with high mechanical strength to withstand handling during manufacturing and patientuse.Sublimation technique was used to prepare the orodispersible tablets of PHCl using foursubliming agents; camphor, thymol, ammonium bicarbonate and menthol by directcompression method in presence of 2.5%w/w crospovidone as superdisintegrant. The product isof high porosity after sublimation of agent from the tablets. To mask the bitter taste of the drug,increase sweetness and to provide acceptable feeling in mouth, aspartame, saccharin sodium, and citric acid were added. Mannitol was used as sugar based multifunctional diluents. The formulas powder blend was evaluated before compression for angle of repose and compressibility index while the post-compression parameters were evaluated for weight variation, content uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and drug in vitro release of the formulated tablets. The weight and drug content of tablets of all batches were within the acceptable limits. The in vitro disintegration time was less than 62.8 seconds for all batches except that containing 2.5% w/w menthol shows disintegration in 202.73 sec.Menthol 15% w/w shows the shortest disintegration time among subliming agents with acceptable friability and hardness, thus selected as the best formula (F9). The optimized formulation showed faster release profile in comparison to the conventional tablets.