bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Design Qualities Related Walkability in a Commercial Neighbourhood
Authors: Ernawati Jenny , Adhitama Muhammad Satya , . Surjono , Sudarmo Beta Suryokusumo
Published: August 2016

This study explored the relations of urban design qualities, the adaptability and people’s preference for walking on a commercial street. The research employed survey research method using a self-administered questionnaire applying Likert scale and multiple rating scale techniques. One hundred and three respondents participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and correlations analysis were used to answer the research questions. Results indicated the adaptability quality of a street may depend on the spatial quality of the street such as legibility, human scale, coherence, and imageability while it does not correlate with the appearance of the street such as transparency, complexity, and enclosure. Meanwhile, people’s preference of a street for walking may depend on both qualities. Implications of the findings will discuss further in the paper.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords:Urban Design Qualities; Walkability; Commercial Neighbourhood; Adaptability
Morphology of Traditional City Center in Semarang: Towards Adaptive re- use in urban heritage
Authors: Rukayah Siti , Dhanang Respati Puguh , Endang Sri Susilo Setiyorini
Published: August 2016

This study is a continuation of dissertation and studies after that. The concept of most of the traditional city in Java are waterfront city. Old Semarang traditional city center used to have to move four times. All of them laid along the river. Jurnatan (1695), The Gabahan (1659), Sekayu (1666) and Kanjengan (1670). But there is no explanation about the formerly of the city form to support the Program Planning and Preservation of Heritage Cities. How were the traditional city patterns at the time? How to conduct adaptive reuse to promoting the heritage cities in Indonesia to be recognized as World Heritage Cities by UNESCO? The serial maps from KITLV. NL, Tropenmuseum and Atlas Mutual Heritage will superimpose on an aerial view from google earth. Analysing using a sketch and computer aided design will peel the layering of the development of the city along the river. The result will compare with the Johannes R hand drawing of Semarang in 16s centuries.The formerly city form of Semarang in 16s-18s centuries had a history as international port based on the maritime power at the time similar with Malaka. Malaka since 1984 become world Heritage site could become a best practice for next research to attract tourism.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Masora Biblii hebrajskiej – wprowadzenie w tematykę
Authors: Majewski Marcin
Published: August 2016

Masora, system oznaczeń w i wokół tekstu biblijnego Starego Testamentu, to istna biblioteka informacji o tekście hebrajskim Biblii na etapie jego definitywnego ustalania. Podaje informacje, bez których trudne, a czasem niemożliwe staje się poprawne jego odczytanie czy zinterpretowanie. Jedną z barier w studiowaniu masory Biblii hebrajskiej jest brak literatury wprowadzającej w jej tematykę, zwłaszcza na gruncie języka polskiego. W opracowaniach polskojęzycznych nie znajdziemy żadnego szerszego wprowadzenia w studiowanie not masoreckich. Od kiedy system masory jest pieczołowicie zamieszczany w Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia czy Biblia Hebraica Quinta, tym pilniejszą wydaje się potrzeba gruntowego wprowadzenia do tematyki masory. Niech ten artykuł będzie zapowiedzią takiego opracowania.
Correlation between Associated Trees, Cocoa Trees and Carbon Stocks Potential in Cocoa Agroforests of Southern Cameroon
Authors: L. Zapfack , C. Chimi Djomo , Noumi V. Noiha , C. Zekeng J. , Daghela G. R. Meyan-ya , R. B. Tabue Mbobda
Published: August 2016

This study was conducted in the Cocoa Agro-Forests (CAF) of Mengomo’s locality. The aim was to
evaluate the influence of some factors on carbon stocks. The sampling was done in 30 plots of 25 x 25 m
2 in which all trees with a dbh≥10 cm were inventoried. The Shannon, Simpson and Evernnessindexes
were calculated to characterize the diversity of trees associated with cocoa. 62 species belonging to 48
genera and 27 families were identified, the Anacardiaceae, Moraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae
and Rutaceae, were revealed the most diverse families, with 5 species each. Shannon’s (3.66),
Evernness’s (0.76) and Simpson’s (0.96) indexes have reflected a low diversity, dominated by some few
species. The average density of cocoa trees is 1028 trees/ha. They store about 22.51±5.86 Mg C/ha.
Associated trees stored 124.20±60.05Mg C/ha for tree density of 113 trees/ha. These CAF sequestered
about 146.71Mg C/ha. The multiple correspondence analyses showed that carbon stocks in the CAF are
positively correlated with the associated trees and the age of the CAF and negatively correlated with the
abundance of cocoa trees. The biomass of cocoa is independent of the associated trees, but is inversely
related to the density of the associated trees.
An Analysis of Local Participation in Community Forestry: The Case of Tinto and Bimbia-Bonadikombo Community Forest, Cameroon
Authors: Nkemnyi Mbunya Francis
Published: August 2016

Local participation in forest management remains a fundamental challenge to be solved despite the growing political and academic interest in participatory management. This study analyzed how community forestry implementation in Cameroon has affected the participation of local people using two case studies. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were the main methods in data collection. The main findings revealed that majority of local community members (73.3%) were less informed of the purpose of community forestry. This limited participatory efforts in the implementation process. The creation and management process of the community forests were more focused on engaging influential actors rather than enabling social justice as proposed by the legislation. Marginalization of local community members, which community forestry was created to resolve was still evident. This study argues that although participatory policies are usually designed to benefit the less privileged, the outcomes most often do not match the purpose. There is need for participatory policy debates and development to go beyond theoretical formulation to crafting mechanisms and feedback systems that could ensure successful implementation and follow up.
Roadside Planting in Ethiopia: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity
Authors: Agujetas Perez Marta , Tegebu Fredu Nega , Steenbergen Frank van
Published: August 2016

 

Roads have both positive and negative impacts in the areas surrounding them. With the expansion of roads growing at an inexorable speed in Ethiopia and all Sub-Saharan Africa, these impacts need to be well understood. A questionnaire was used to gather information on road-related impacts on the rural population. A total of 529 sample households were selected in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. The three most common consequences cited by respondents in order of importance were dust, flooding and erosion. Close to 44% of the respondents said that the occurrence of dust has increased after construction of the road. The reduction of yield estimated by farmers ranges from 10% to 50%. Close to 11% of the sample households faced decline in crop production and income due to dust lifted up from roads. The breakpoint for road dust occurred approximately at 200 to 280 meters from the road. Roadside plantations along rural roads have proven to mitigate road-related impacts and restore the ecological balance. When linked to rural development programs, roadside planting can create employment while generating a reliable source of income for rural communities.
Taiwanese College Students’ Perceptions of Integrating Multimedia into ESP Courses
Authors: Lin Ching-Ying
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning difficulties and the preferred learning strategies among Taiwanese college students while they were taking English for Specific Purpose (ESP) courses. Two different ESP courses are examined: one of the courses is an undergraduate Marketing English course and the other is an undergraduate Hospitality English course, both in a college of liberal arts and social science in the national university in Taiwan. The instructor in the ESP courses adopted the multimedia—integrated instruction. The multimedia—integrated instruction not only provided authentic materials for learners in the target ESP, but also offered students real situational settings and useful activities that based on individual need. The result of the study indicated that students’ self-learning effectiveness in both performance and linguistic skills were significantly improved. In addition, they reported satisfaction with the multimedia-integrated instruction. Thus, the multimedia—integrated instruction increase learners’ motivation and also offer a solution to learners’ problems in the development of ESP courses.
Effects of Task Conditions and Administrations on Changes in State Motivation
Authors: Koga Tsutomu
Published: August 2016

Many traditional motivation studies have argued that trait motivation strongly controls state motivation. This study, however, focuses more on state motivation and attempts to suggest a bottom-up approach whereby stimulating state motivation through the use of tasks has a potential to positively influence trait motivation. As few studies have argued the task administration and condition in relation to changes in state variables, this study deals mainly with task conditions (i.e., closed vs. open tasks) and task administration (i.e., individual vs. pair tasks) with special attention to changes in state motivation, perceived competence, and anxiety. Four sets of narrative writing tasks were designed: individual-closed, individual-open, pair-closed, and pair-open. Before and after each task, students were asked to answer questionnaires measuring the previously mentioned three state variables. The results indicate that (a) learners’ motivation, competence, and anxiety were more likely to positively change in pair tasks, (b) before the tasks, individual-tasks were considered more attractive than pair-tasks, and (c) after the tasks, however, learners felt more competent performing pair-tasks than individual-tasks. Based on these results, this study suggests that pair tasks positively influence learners’ state variables.
Influence of Home Environment Infrastructure on Academic Performance of Students in Meru Country
Authors: Mwirigi Francis Silas , Muthaa Dr. George , Mutisya Dr. Sammy , Ronoh Dr. Richard
Published: August 2016

The environmental condition and the nature of social interaction that goes on in the family may have some positive or negative influence on the academic achievement of a child. However, the performance of the students has been left in the hands of the teachers and they are solely blamed for the learners’ poor performance. This study investigated the perceived influence infrastructure on the secondary school students’ performance. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design. The study employed structured questionnaires and interview schedules to collect data. The target population was 109,151 consisting of students, teachers and parents. A sample size of 598 respondents consisting of purposively sampled 212 teachers and multistage sampled 212 students and randomly sampled 174 parents was used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, standard deviation and percentages. The study established that phone ownership and excessive use of phones by students negatively affect students’ academic performance. The study also recommends that parents should control their children’s use of mobile phones.
Empowering Teachers: Building Sustainable Societies
Authors: Ph.D Osaretin Osadolor,
Published: August 2016

Teacher is whoever earns a living on teaching in the schools. However, in these modern times, teachers are change agents required for the realization of the national goals of education. Education has been described as the door to be opened to get national development. That being the case, the key for opening the door is the teacher.

National development may be far-fetched if issues inherent in sustainable societies are not addressed. Such issues include those which pre-disposes societies to unsustainability. They are; balance between economic system and ecosystem, according the environment its recognition, differentiating between growth and development, among others.

In order that the teachers may be well equipped to contribute towards bringing about sustainable societies, their acquisition of generic skills were canvassed as imperatives. The generic skills are; knowledge, communication skills, adaptability, creativity, team spirit, literacy, IT-Fluency, learning as a way of life.
The Implementation of Innovative Formative Evaluation Tools for the Novice Teacher
Authors: Wasserman Egoza , Nurit Wieder
Published: August 2016

As of the year 2010, every new teacher (novice) in the State of Israel must be subject in their first year of teaching to a series of uniform evaluations. This series includes a verbal formative evaluation in the first half of the school year which provides the novice teacher feedback on his educational and pedagogical performance and provides guidelines for the continuation of his work. For this reason it was decided to focus on formative evaluations in four areas to measure successful teaching: Role Perception and Professional Ethics, Field of Knowledge, Educational and Learning Processes, and Participation in the Professional Community. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the tools of formative evaluations of novice teachers and their implementation in the field. The study was conducted using the Qualitative Approach. Sixty-four evaluators participated in the study. The findings of the study refer to only two of the four categories of evaluation tools: Educational and Learning Processes and Field of Knowledge.
Twelve-year follow-up of mandibular incisor stability: Comparison between two bonded lingual orthodontic retainers
Authors: Schütz-Fransson Ulrike , Lindsten Rune , Bjerklin Krister , Bondemark Lars
Published: August 2016

Objective: To compare the long-term outcome 9 years after removal of two different types of fixed retainers used for stabilization of the mandibular anterior segment.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-four children who had undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in both arches were divided into two groups depending on which kind of retainer being used. Twenty-eight of the patients had a canine-to-canine retainer bonded to the canines and 36 had a bonded twistflex retainer 3-3, bonded to each tooth. Measurements were made on study models and lateral head radiographs, before and after treatment, 6 years after treatment, and 12 years after treatment, with a mean of 9.2 years after removal of the retainers.

Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups at the long-term follow-up according to Little's Irregularity Index or available space for the mandibular incisors. The overjet and overbite were reduced after treatment in both groups and stayed stable throughout the observation period. Also, no differences in bonding failures between the two retainers were found.

Conclusions: Both a canine-to-canine retainer bonded only to the canines and a twistflex retainer 3-3 bonded to each tooth can be recommended. However, neither of the retention types prevented long-term changes of mandibular incisor irregularity or available space for the mandibular incisors after removal of the retainers.
Response Differences Stability Model Simplify the Identification of Stable Rice Genotypes for Low Temperature Environment
Authors: Joshi Bal Krishna
Published: August 2016

Stable genotype is necessary for long-term grain security to the farmers. Developing site specific variety is a good way of maintaining diversity and getting potential yield. Simple parameters were estimated based on nine rice genotypes evaluated under low temperature at three different altitudinal environments of Jumla, Lumle and Khumaltar. The genotypes were influenced by the varying conditions and G x E interaction which was highly significant for maturity, bearing tiller, and plant height and grain yield indicating responses of the rice genotype in different environments. These traits are very important for adoption of genotypes in farmers’ field. It can be inferred that there is a possibility of developing site-specific variety which are stable and adoptable across these environments. Cold environment rice genotypes of NR10288-015J-15J-7, Chhommrong and NR10293 are most stable and ideally adapted in cold stress environment. NR 10346 is the site-specific genotype adapted to favorable environments. Hence, these genotypes could be used in breeding programs for increasing the productivity of rice in cold environment and for general cultivation as well.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, Page: 1-8, 2016
On Farm Research Is a Viable Means of Technology Verification, Dissemination And Adoption: A Case of Wheat Research in Nepal
Authors: Timsina K P , Gairhe S , Magar DB Thapa , Ghimire Y N , Gauchan D , Padhyoti Y
Published: August 2016

A study on the role of on-farm/outreach research (OR) site in wheat technology dissemination was conducted in Terai regions of Sunsari, Rupandehi and Banke districts, Nepal. On-farm research sites representing irrigated, partially irrigated and rainfed production domains and their comparative control, the non-outreach research sites were selected. From the list of wheat growers in respective study sites, 30 samples from each of the VDCs were selected randomly irrespective of their landholdings with the total sample size of 180 for the study. The study revealed that overall area covered by the improved varieties was about 94%; however, it was 100 % in OR site. The area covered by the improved varieties released after 1990s was found higher in OR site but there was still domination of improved variety Nepal 297 in the study area, which was released in 1985. The Technological Adoption Index (TAI) for wheat was found higher (0.63) in OR site compared to non-OR site (0.43). Test for equality of mean of TAI was carried out between OR and non-OR sites and found significantly different (P=<0.000) between the sites. Farmers were categorized into low adopters, medium adopters and high adopters based on their TAI value after conversion into percentage. Chi-square test shows the significance difference (χ2 =24.82 and P=<0.000) in number of farmers in different adoption categories between OR and non-OR sites. Results indicate OR sites are playing viable role for increasing number of high adopters (farmers) compared to non-OR site farmers. The knowledge on good agriculture management, access to modern improved seed, and use and availability of agriculture information, availability of agricultural inputs and loan were found significantly high on OR sites. There exists large scope for yield improvement of the wheat in Nepal by increasing number of outreach sites and by strengthening institutional coordination and linkage among the related stakeholders at different levels to provide system based packages rather than component technology for mass dissemination and adoption of technology among the farmers at large.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, page: 9-24
Consequences of Climate Change In Agriculture and Ways to Cope Up Its Effect In Nepal
Authors: Paudel Mina Nath
Published: August 2016

Nepal is one of the four most vulnerable countries affected by climate change in the world. Climate change has been occurred in Terai, hills and mountain of Nepal resulting change in agriculture systems. Global food production of major staples crops of rice, maize, wheat and soybean, and marine resources are decreasing. Nepal is blessed with number of natural flora and fauna which could address negative impact of climate change resulting food and nutritional insecurity. Emphasis should be given to develop technologies address negative impact of climate change. Nepal has been trying to develop some adoptive ways such as development of climate resilient technology encompassing crop varieties, animal breeds; agronomic practices that could address vagaries of climate change and sustain food and nutritional security. In Nepal, the effect of climate change is more pronounced in hills and mountains with respect to increase in temperature than that of Terai. In this paper, bird’s eye views on issues of climate change, negative impact of climate change on food and nutritional security and coping mechanisms to tackle all of such concerns of climate change in agriculture in general and food and nutritional security in particular have been illustrated in ways climate change could be addressed to limit its negative consequences on agriculture as well.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, Page: 25-37
Commercial Vegetable Farming: An Approach for Poverty Reduction in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Bhimsen , Thapa R B , Gautam D M , Karki K B , Regmi P P
Published: August 2016

Poverty reduction of farmers from Kapilbastu and Kaski districts were evaluated with respect to the vegetable farming where PRISM (Prosperity Realization through Irrigation and Smallholder Markets) technology was implemented. After the implementation of PRISM there has been considerable increase in vegetable farming area in both districts. Numbers of vegetable crops grown were increased with respect to yield and net return from both the winter and summer vegetables. With the opening of organized markets and large scale increase in income, farmers were attracted towards vegetable cultivation that provided wide range of vegetables for consumers as well. Earlier farmers cultivated vegetables only when there would be fallow land after the harvest of main season cereal crops while after the adoption of new technology farmers grew vegetables all the yearround. Among the popular vegetables during summer was cucumber in the hills and okra in the Terai covering more land than other vegetables crops in the study area. These cropshelp farmers achieve net return of NRs.25240.6 and from NRs. 20425.4 per Ropani in Kaski and Kapilbastu, respectively. Land area under vegetables crops were increased by 6 times in Kaski and 12 times in Kapilbastu. This increase in net return has been found as a result of creating better marketing system developed by the activity of the PRISM. Similarly, involvement of household in summer season vegetable was not enough and farmers hired labor for commercial vegetables cultivation.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN), Vol.4, 2016, page: 92-106
Effect of Herbicides and Sesbaniaco- Culture on Weed Management and Grain Yield of Direct Seeded Rice Variety Khumal-4 at Khumaltar Condition, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai R K , Gautam D D , Ranjit J D , Chauhan B S
Published: August 2016

Field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Agronomy Division, Khumaltar, Nepal during 2012 and 2013 to find the effect of different herbicides on weed management and grain yield of direct seeded rice. The experiment was carried out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD ) with seven treatments in three replications. Khumal-4 rice variety was used with in all the seven treatments viz; W1 = Weedy Check (no weeding) ; W2 = Farmers practice ( two hand weeding) ; W3 =Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb (followed by ) Bispyribac (post-emergence (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha ; W4 = Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4 –D; W5= Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence (pre) @ 90 g a.i/ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha; W6 = Oxadiargyl (pre) @ 90 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a .i /ha ; W7 = Sesbania (soaked) fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a.i / ha fb one hand weeding. Rice seeds were directly sown by seed drill machine at seed rate of 30 kg/ha. All the pre emergence herbicides were sprayed on the first day of rice sowing whereas the post emergence herbicides were sown on 20 -25 days after sowing (DAS) by using a knapsack sprayer. Sesbania seed were sown at 30 kg/ha as co-culture with rice on the same day as rice was sown by broadcasting. The Sesbania was knocked down at 30 DAS using 2, 4-D.The yield of rice in 2013 was less than that of 2012 which could be due to the less rainfall and uneven rain distribution during the rice season. The results showed that among the Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4 –D was found effective in controlling weed population , biomass and producing highest grain yield of rice 6512 kg /ha in 2012 and 3190 kg/ha in 2013 followed by the treatment Sesbania co-culture (Soaked) fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a.i/ ha fb one and weeding giving increased rice yield of 6499 kg/ha in 2012 and 2858 kg/ha in 2013.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, Page: 121-127, 2016
Status of Methane Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Madhab
Published: August 2016

Annual methane emission from paddy fields in Nepal has been estimated based on the published secondary data for 11 years from 2000-2010. Available data were collected from the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD), Department of Agriculture (DoA) and Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC). Green house gas emission (GHG) was estimated by using IPCC 2006 guidelines. Agricultural activities contribute directly to emissions of greenhouse gases through a variety of processes including the source categories such as enteric fermentation in domestic livestock, livestock manure management, rice cultivation, and agricultural soil management. Diverse traditional agriculture systems, unique diversities in land types and unavailability of required disaggregated data at the national level as defined by the emission factor data base (EFDB) of the IPCC 2006, were the problem encountered while calculating the emission status in this study. Annual methane (CH4) emission from paddy fields ranged from 111.57 to 133.07 Gg over years 2000 to 2010 but it was found lowest ( 111.57 Gg) in the year 2002 and highest (133.07 Gg) in the year2003. In the year 2010, methane emission from paddy cultivation represented about 17.48 % of cumulative methane emission both from livestock sector and paddy fields throughout Nepal. Also, some relevant policies and potential strategies towards mitigation measures of methane gas emission from paddy fields for the future in Nepal are highlighted.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN), Vol.4, Page: 142-148, 2016
Forest Fire and its management strategies in Nepal
Authors: Mathema Prakash
Published: August 2016

Not available.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013
Carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests in Salyan District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bishnu Prasad , Devkota B. P.
Published: August 2016

Forests play an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Broadleaf Forests absorb more carbon as compared to the Pine Forests. Quantification of carbon in any vegetation and soil type is a basic step for evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. To quantify the vegetation and soil carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests, above and below-ground biomass of both forests were estimated using stratified random sampling. Individual trees in the sample plots of both forest types were measured. Above-ground biomass of trees and saplings were estimated by using different models, while the biomass of grass, herb and litter were calculated directly from field measurements. To determine the soil carbon stock, soil samples from three depth levels (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) of each soil profile were collected for each sample plot laid out in both forest types. Total vegetation carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests were 90.37 and 24.82 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the soil carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests were 60.82 and 46.12 Mg C ha-1, respectively.Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013
Dualistic development and economic benefits: Experience from Community Forestry in Nepal
Authors: Sharma A. R. , Dangi R. B.
Published: August 2016

Not available.Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013
A comparative study on carbon stock in Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in two different ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Pandey H. P. , Bhusal M.
Published: August 2016

Estimation of total biomass and carbon sequestration in any forest is crucial as it gives ecological and economic benefits through various environmental services. With an aim to quantify the carbon stock densities in the two different ecological regions–the Hills and the Terai, two Community Forests (CFs) having the dominance of Shorea robusta were selected from Gorkha (in the Hills) and Chitwan (in the Terai) districts for the purpose of the study. Systematic random sampling with 1% sampling intensity was used to collect necessary data. The total carbon stock in the CFs of the Hills and the Terai were found to be 234.54 t ha-1 and 479.29 t ha-1, respectively. The biomass carbon stock density in the CF of the Terai was found to be higher (384.20 t ha-1) than the one in the Hills (123.15 t ha-1). Carbon densities of different carbon pools such as tree; sapling; leaf litter, grass and herbs were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Terai than in the Hill forest whereas dead wood and stumps and the soil organic carbon density were found to be not significantly different in these regions. Similarly, the highest amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) was found in the uppermost soil horizon in the forests of both the regions. These results revealed that the biomass carbon stock density was higher in the Terai S. robusta forest than in the Hill S. robusta forest. However, the SOC obtained was in inverse relation to that of the biomass carbon stock in both the ecological regions. It would not be biased if different ecological regions with similar forest types are intervened with different management strategies for having more carbon stocks and for the conservation of biodiversity in the days to come.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 24-31, 2016
Drivers and dynamics of land use land cover in Ambung VDC of Tehrathum district, Nepal
Authors: Pandey D , Heyojoo B P , Shahi H
Published: August 2016

Land use and land cover change has immense impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Geospatial technologies are very important for monitoring these changes. This research aims to find out the land use land cover dynamics and drivers of Ambung VDC, Tehrathum district. The Landsat images of the year 1990 and 2013 were used for quantifying the changes. Household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, training samples collection and direct field observations were carried out to gather socio-economic and bio-physical data. Supervised classification was performed to prepare land cover maps. Change on land use was calculated by using post classification change detection. During 1990–2013, forest cover was found to have increased by 6.6%, agriculture decreased by 5.9% and others (barren, settlement, grass, rock and water bodies) decreased by 0.7%. The VDC was found to have severe problem of rapid drying of water resources in spite of the increase in forest cover, and so research should be carried out to find out the reason and solve the problem before it is too late.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:90-96, 2016
Comparison of forest cover mapping results of two successive forest resource assessments of Nepal
Authors: Khanal S. , Poudel B. S. , Mathema P. , Pokharel Y. P. , Kharal D. K.
Published: August 2016

Not available.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:97-100, 2016
Frederick Burwick,British Drama of the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Hernandez Alex Eric
Published: August 2016

Burwick offers a wide-ranging and impressively detailed account of the relation between the labour force of the early industrial age and the regional theatres that workers frequented. The book will aid scholars interested in the history of drama, especially as it relates to class and the politics of Romanticism and reform.
Verification of three-dimensional neutron kinetics model of TRAP-KS code regarding reactivity variations
Authors: Uvakin M. A. , Alekhin G. V. , Bykov M. A. , Zaitsev S. I.
Published: August 2016

This work deals with TRAP-KS code verification. TRAP-KS is used for coupled neutron and thermo-hydraulic process calculations of VVER reactors. The three-dimensional neutron kinetics model enables consideration of space effects, which are produced by energy field and feedback parameters variations. This feature has to be investigated especially for asymmetrical multiplying variations of core properties, power fluctuations and strong local perturbation insertion. The presented work consists of three test definitions. First, an asymmetrical control rod (CR) ejection during power operation is defined. This process leads to fast reactivity insertion with short-time power spike. As second task xenon oscillations are considered. Here, small negative reactivity insertion leads to power decreasing and induces space oscillations of xenon concentration. In the late phase, these oscillations are suppressed by external actions. As last test, an international code comparison for a hypothetical main steam line break (V1000CT-2, task 2) was performed. This scenario is interesting for asymmetrical positive reactivity insertion by decreasing coolant temperature in the affected loop.
Error detection in core loading in the condition of asymmetrical distribution of power
Authors: Ryzhov A. , Pinegin A.
Published: August 2016

The error detection in core loading in many cases happens in conditions of a significant asymmetry in the distribution of power density, which is caused by thermal mechanical deformations of reactor core, and temperature differences in the cold legs of coolant. The asymmetry of power distribution essentially decreases the effectiveness of algorithms used to detect errors in the core loading using ICIS data. The paper proposes the ways for solving this problem by means of special filtration algorithms.
Dependence of microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity on growth rates for directionally solidified Zn-Al-Sb eutectic alloy
Authors: Bayram Ümit , Karamazı Yasin , Ata Pınar , Aksöz Sezen , Keşlioğlu Kazım , Maraşlı Necmettin
Published: August 2016

Zn-5.3 wt.% Al-0.8 wt.% Sb alloy was directionally solidified upward at a constant temperature gradient (G = 2.39 K mm−1) with a wide range of growth rates (V) (9.70 – 2 013.40 μm s−1) by using a Bridgman type directional solidification furnace. The average values of eutectic spacing (λ), microhardness (HVT), ultimate tensile strength (σUTS) and electrical resistivity (ρ) were measured from transverse sections of the directionally solidified samples. The dependency of λ, HVT, σUTS and ρ on V were experimentally obtained by using linear regression analysis for low, high and all growth rates. The bulk growth rates were also determined by using the measured values of λ and V for low, high and all growth rates. The results obtained in the present work were compared with the Jackson–Hunt eutectic theory and similar experimental results in the literature. Also, the specific heat difference (ΔCP) and enthalpy of fusion (ΔH) for the Zn–Al–Sb alloy were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry.
Workload impact on gender-based differences in delta blood lactate concentrations from supramaximal exercise
Authors: Martin J.L. , Perry R.A. , Baptista R.A. , McArtor J.D. , Clutter L.B. , Symons T.B. , de Paleville D. Terson , Roberts A. , Cesarz G. , Caruso J.F.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

Gender-based delta blood lactate concentration (Δ [BLa - ]) differences may be impacted by the volume of work performed during exercise. Thus workload can act as a confounding influence when data from men and women are compared.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine workload's impact on gender-based disparities in delta blood lactate concentration (Δ [BLa - ]) values from supramaximal exercise.

METHODS:

Subjects (49 women, 31 men) did two workouts on an exercise device (Impulse Technologies; Newnan, GA) comprised solely of either tonic or phasic repetitions. Total work (TW) and Δ [BLa -] were quantified from each workout. TW and raw Δ [BLa - ] values were each examined with 2 × 2 ANOVAs, with repeated measures for workout. Δ [BLa - ] values were also examined with TW as a covariate using a 2 × 2 ANCOVA and repeated measures for workout.

RESULTS:

Raw Δ [BLa - ] and TW results each yielded predictable inter-gender differences. However our ANCOVA data produced a two-way interaction and the following significant differences: men-phasic, women-phasic > women-tonic > men-tonic.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results support the idea that the volume of TW performed exacerbates inherent metabolic differences among men and women that heighten gender-based blood lactate differences. Future research on inter-gender lactate differences should consider workload as a covariate.
Attitude control methods for quadruped form MMS (MMS-G) to use state feedback control
Authors: Uchida Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Hirohiko , Tachino Shinya
Published: August 2016

The multi-purpose module system (MMS), a modular robot, comprises joint and function modules. It is possible to transform the MMS into the series-connected and the quadruped forms. This study presents a quadruped form MMS (MMS-G03). In particular, modeling and simulation of MMS-G03 for attitude control is discussed. Two attitude control methods are proposed based on an inverted pendulum model using a state feedback control scheme. The effects of the two methods are evaluated. According to the results, the attitude angle approached the target angle and converged. The attitude angle increased upon increasing the weight rate in both control methods because of the increase in the moment of inertia of body. The lifted leg method is effective at lower leg length rates, and the supporting leg method is effective at higher leg length rates. The usefulness of the proposed attitude control methods was observed under various module conditions.
Effect of a tapered metering pin on magnetorheological fluid under an impact load
Authors: Shimizu Yuzo , Endo Takuma , Takagi Shintaro , Sawada Tatsuo
Published: August 2016

This study reports on the effects of tapered metering pins on the behavior of magnetorheological (MR) fluid with a magnetic field applied around an orifice under an impact load. We proposed a mechanical model of the MR fluid pipe flow and compared it with the experiment results of the flow under an impact load. We also conducted drop impact tests with four types of tapered metering pins and carried out qualitative analysis of the effects of the pins. The experimental results were analyzed by displacement, velocity and acceleration of the dropping piston. The results show that the shape of the pins has some effect on the entire shock absorption process, whereas magnetic field strength affects the post-peak behavior only, and shock absorption with a longer tapered pin is more widely controllable by a magnetic field. These results indicate that a tapered metering pin has applicability to shock absorption using an MR fluid.
Flux-focusing eddy current sensor with magnetic saturation for detection of water pipe defects
Authors: Horai Satoru , Hirata Katsuhiro , Niguchi Noboru
Published: August 2016

In Japan, deteriorated water pipes are increasing more and more now. Therefore, the setting of the priority to update these pipes effectively is required. As a solution of this problem, we proposed a new sensor using the principle of SLOFEC [1] and the structure of a focusing eddy current sensor [2]. In this paper, we verify the performances of the proposed sensor by 3D-FEM analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed sensor is also verified through measurements on a prototype.
Least means square adaptive control with step delays for phase compensation
Authors: Kitayama Fumiya , Hirata Katsuhiro , Yamada Tatsuro
Published: August 2016

Active vibration control engine mounts are installed in automobiles to reduce vibration and improve ride quality. Previous control methods could be only applied when the phase difference is between -π/2 and π/2. In this paper, a new method that can be used at any phase difference, and that uses step delays so that pre-modelling of the device becomes unnecessary, is proposed. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through experimental results.
Development of ECT probe for flaw detection of microcrack in spring steel material
Authors: Fukuoka Katsuhiro
Published: August 2016

Nonuniform permeability distribution in ferromagnetic materials creates noise in eddy current testing (ECT). To overcome this problem, ferromagnetic materials are magnetized and inspected in the magnetic saturation state to reduce noise. In this study, I targeted a spring steel material that is not easily magnetized and developed an ECT system with an encircling coil probe that was able to detect microcracks. Clear signals for 70 μm deep microcracks were obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.5 by magnetizing a test object using the optimal exciting current.
Adaptive vibration control of hoop truss structure using voice coil actuator
Authors: Hu Zifan , Zhang Xinong , Luo Yajun
Published: August 2016

The vibration of hoop truss structure can be attenuated effectively through the voice coil actuator (VCA) under an adaptive LMS-based feedback strategy. The governing equations of the hoop truss with voice coil actuator are obtained using finite element method. The LMS-based feedback control theory is introduced and a simulation on adaptive vibration control of hoop truss structure with voice coil is done under the LMS-based feedback control strategy. The results of the simulation indicate that adaptive LMS-based feedback control using VCA is a viable control mean.
Theoretical analysis and simulation of a new SNR improvement method for the rough surface crack in MFL detection
Authors: Yang Yun , Li Long , Deng Zhiyang , Kang Yihua
Published: August 2016

In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the rough surface crack signal, a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technique based on the magnetic medium lift-off is proposed for the first time. The influence of surface roughness on the crack signal is analyzed based on a simplified model of the workpiece with rough surface. By replacing the air region of the lift-off between the sensor and workpiece with magnetic medium, the leakage magnetic field of the crack and surface roughness are redistributed which results in the change of signals acquired by the sensor. The improvement of the SNR comparing to the widely used air medium lift-off is demonstrated and confirmed through simulation approaches. In addition, the different thickness and relative permeability of the magnetic medium lift-off are analyzed to optimize the improvement method in this paper.
Research on a multi-layer piezoelectric structure applied in beam as a sensor
Authors: Luo Yajun , Yi Huizhen , Yang Huiran , Jiang Zhutong , Zhang Xinong
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a multi-layer piezoelectric structure(MPS) is designed as a sensor with multi-channel and high-output properties. It is bonded onto the surface of a cantilever, and then the FEM modeling and simulations are developed. The mathematical formulation of the model is based on the shear deformation beam theory because of the large thickness of MPS. Furthermore, the FEM model is obtained based on the Hamilton's principle and the finite element method. The effects of some key parameters such as the number of piezoelectric layers, the thickness of per piezoelectric patch and that of per adhesive layer are analyzed on the sensing property of the MPS. Finally, a contrast experiment is also finished. The results have shown that this novel piezoelectric structure has a clear sensing advantage. It is helpful for designing the piezoelectric balance sensor or the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting structure.
A rotating bias magnetic field EMAT and applications to NDT of ITER divertor components
Authors: Yang Guicai , Pei Cuixiang , Xiao Pan , Chen Zhenmao , Wang Wanjin , Luo Guangnan
Published: August 2016

In this paper, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT) method using rotating bias magnetic field was proposed for NDT of delamination defect in a thin multilayer tube of W-Cu monoblock in ITER divertor. To investigate its feasibility, a numerical simulation code was developed for EMAT signal simulation of tube configuration and uniform bias magnetic field. The EMAT signals of a typical EMAT transducer under bias magnetic field applied outside the tube were simulated for deboning defect of different size in the W-Cu interface of the mono-block. The reasonable sound speed and simple dependence of the signal amplitude on defect size demonstrated that the developed code is efficient and the proposed rotating bias field EMAT is feasible for inspecting delamination defect in thin multilayer tubes. In addition, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the rotating speed on the EMAT signals. It is found that a normal rotation speed does not give significant influence on the EMAT signals, which further support the validity of the rotating bias field EMAT.
Improvement of alternating magnetic characteristics represented by play model
Authors: Kitao Junji , Takahashi Yasuhito , Fujiwara Koji , Ahagon Akira , Matsuo Tetsuji , Daikoku Akihiro
Published: August 2016

In order to accurately represent the hysteretic property, this paper investigates the identification method for the play model. The magnetic field at the maximum magnetic flux density of symmetric loops is corrected, thereby improving the representation accuracy of magnetization curves and hysteresis losses under alternating magnetic flux density conditions. Moreover, we investigate its effectiveness in the finite element magnetic field analyses taking account of hysteretic property by using the play model.
Stretchable strain sensor for distributed strain measurement and design of measurement circuit
Authors: Nakamoto Hiroyuki , Ootaka Hideo , Hirata Ichiro , Kobayashi Futoshi , Kojima Fumio
Published: August 2016

We propose a stretchable strain sensor for measurement of distributed strain. The strain sensor is composed of elastic sheets. The elastic modulus of the strain sensor is low. Hence, the strain sensor pasted on human skin or clothes is able to stretch along their shape and stretch. The principle of the strain measurement is a capacitive change based on stretching. In this paper, a distributed strain sensor is proposed. A design of measurement circuit also is described. Experimental results reveal the characteristics of the distributed strain sensor and the effectiveness of the measurement circuit.