bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: The Asian Working Group guidelines
Authors: Sood Ajit , Ahuja Vineet , Kedia Saurabh , Midha Vandana , Mahajan Ramit , Mehta Varun , Sudhakar Ritu , Singh Arshdeep , Kumar Ajay , Puri Amarender Singh , Tantry Bailuru Vishwanath , Thapa Babu Ram , Goswami Bhabhadev , Behera Banchha Nidhi , Ye Byong Duk , Bansal Deepak , Desai Devendra , Pai Ganesh , Yattoo Ghulam Nabi , Makharia Govind , Wijewantha Hasitha Srimal , Venkataraman Jayanthi , Shenoy K. T. , Dwivedi Manisha , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bajaj Meenakshi , Abdullah Murdani , Singh Namrata , Singh Neelanjana , Abraham Philip , Khosla Rajiv , Tandon Rakesh , Misra S. P. , Nijhawan Sandeep , Sinha Saroj Kant , Bopana Sawan , Krishnaswamy Sheela , Joshi Shilpa , Singh Shivram Prasad , Bhatia Shobna , Gupta Sudhir , Bhatia Sumit , Ghoshal Uday Chand
Published: July 2019

Introduction

These Asian Working Group guidelines on diet in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present a multidisciplinary focus on clinical nutrition in IBD in Asian countries.

Methodology

The guidelines are based on evidence from existing published literature; however, if objective data were lacking or inconclusive, expert opinion was considered. The conclusions and 38 recommendations have been subject to full peer review and a Delphi process in which uniformly positive responses (agree or strongly agree) were required.

Results

Diet has an important role in IBD pathogenesis, and an increase in the incidence of IBD in Asian countries has paralleled changes in the dietary patterns. The present consensus endeavors to address the following topics in relation to IBD: (i) role of diet in the pathogenesis; (ii) diet as a therapy; (iii) malnutrition and nutritional assessment of the patients; (iv) dietary recommendations; (v) nutritional rehabilitation; and (vi) nutrition in special situations like surgery, pregnancy, and lactation.

Conclusions

Available objective data to guide nutritional support and primary nutritional therapy in IBD are presented as 38 recommendations.
Production and characterization of co-composted biochar and digestate from biomass anaerobic digestion
Authors: Casini David , Barsali Tommaso , Rizzo Andrea Maria , Chiaramonti David
Published: July 2019

Biochar, produced through pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, is attracting increasing interest as soil amendment thanks to its potential numerous benefits to agriculture, as well as its ability to sequester carbon in soil. Solid fraction of digestate from anaerobic digestion is a well-known N-rich substrate, most often composted in large and small agro-industrial plants. Co-composting biochar and digestate has the potential to synergistically increase the agronomic value of both components: however, it needs further process and on-field research. The present research work reports on the experimental tests on producing biochar and co-composting various biochar amounts with digestate from biomass anaerobic digestion (product here named COMBI). Biochar was produced by feeding wood chips from chestnut to an innovative oxidative reactor. In order to evaluate the quality of the products obtained by composting and co-composting, correlating this with the final biochar rate in the material, the net organic matter yield, the humified organic matter, the compliance with the European Compost Network Quality Assurance Scheme (ECN-QAS) limits for inorganic pollutants, and the product stabilization and sanitization indexes were investigated. The 11.2% w/w d.b. biochar rate in the initial blend (19.8% w/w d.b final concentration in the co-composted products) offered the best performances and is recommended for further investigation. Additional benefits from co-composting were also assessed, as the reduced dust load that favors safety and health during logistics and use.
Early‐life N‐arachidonoyl‐dopamine exposure increases antioxidant capacity of the brain tissues and reduces functional deficits after neonatal hypoxia in rats
Authors: Sukhanova Iu.A. , Sebentsova E.A. , Khukhareva D.D. , Vysokikh M.Yu. , Bezuglov V.V. , Bobrov M.Yu. , Levitskaya N.G.
Published: July 2019

Perinatal hypoxia‐ischemia is one of the most common causes of perinatal brain injury and subsequent neurological disorders in children. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of N‐arachidonoyl‐dopamine (NADA) in the model of acute neonatal hypoxia (ANH) in rat pups. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a hypoxic condition (8% oxygen for 120 min) at postnatal day 2 (P2). Transcription factor HIF1‐α and glutathione peroxidases GPx2 and GPx4 gene expression was increased in rat brains in the hypoxic group compared to control 1.5 h but not 4 days after ANH. There were no post‐hypoxic changes in reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione levels in the brain of rat pups 1.5 h and 4 d after hypoxia. Hypoxic rats displayed retarded performance in the righting reflex and the negative geotaxis tests. ANH resulted in increased ambulation in Open field test and impaired retention in the Barnes maze task under stressful conditions as compared with the control group. Treatment with NADA significantly attenuated the delayed development of sensorimotor reflexes and stress‐evoked disruption of memory retention in hypoxic rats but had no effect on the hypoxia‐induced hyperactivity. In rats exposed to hypoxia, treatment with NADA decreased GPx2 gene expression and increased GSH/GSSG ratio in whole brains 1.5 h after ANH. These results suggest that the long‐lasting beneficial effects of NADA on hypoxia‐induced neurobehavioural deficits are mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant properties.
Association of plasma retinol levels with incident cancer risk in Chinese hypertensive adults: a nested case–control study
Authors: Xie Liling , Song Yun , Lin Tengfei , Guo Huiyuan , Wang Binyan , Tang Genfu , Liu Chengzhang , Huang Weitong , Yang Yan , Ling Wenhua , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Huo Yong , Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Hao , Qin Xianhui , Xu Xiping
Published: July 2019

We aimed to investigate the association between plasma retinol and incident cancer among Chinese hypertensive adults. We conducted a nested case–control study, including 231 patients with incident cancer and 231 matched controls during a median 4·5-year follow-up of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. There was a significant, inverse association between retinol levels and digestive system cancer (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·91). When compared with participants in the first quartile of retinol (< 52·3 μg/dl), a significantly lower cancer risk was found in participants in quartile 2–4 ( ≥ 52·3 μg/dl: OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·71). However, there was a U-shaped association between retinol levels and non-digestive system cancers where the risk of cancers decreased (although not significantly) with each increment of plasma retinol (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·60, 1·31) in participants with retinol < 68·2 μg/dl, and then increased significantly with retinol (per 10 μg/dl increase: OR 1·65; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·44) in participants with retinol ≥ 68·2 μg/dl. In conclusion, there was a significant inverse dose–response association between plasma retinol and the risk of digestive system cancers. However, a U-shaped association was observed between plasma retinol and the risk of non-digestive cancers (with a turning point approximately 68·2 μg/dl).
On ‘Hybrid’ Theories of Personal Good
Authors: Hurka Thomas
Published: July 2019

‘Hybrid’ theories of personal good, defended by e.g. Parfit, Wolf, and Kagan, equate it, not with a subjective state such as pleasure on its own, nor with an objective state such as knowledge on its own, but with a whole that supposedly combines the two. These theories apply Moore's principle of organic unities, which says the value of a whole needn't equal the sum of the values its parts would have by themselves. This allows them, defenders say, to combine the attractions of purely subjective and purely objective views. This common understanding of the theories is, however, mistaken. At the most fundamental level they don't combine a subjective and an objective element but two objective ones. Once this is understood, their attraction as hybrid theories diminishes: the value in their wholes may be just the sum of the values in their parts.
Energy and water mass balance of Lake Untersee and its perennial ice cover, East Antarctica
Authors: Faucher Benoit , Lacelle Denis , Fisher David A. , Andersen Dale T. , McKay Christopher P.
Published: July 2019

Lake Untersee is one of the largest perennially ice-covered lakes in Dronning Maud Land. We investigated the energy and water mass balance of Lake Untersee to understand its state of equilibrium. The thickness of the ice cover is strongly correlated with sublimation rates; variations in sublimation rates across the ice cover are largely determined by wind-driven turbulent heat fluxes and the number of snow-covered days. Lake extent and water level have remained stable for the past 20 years, indicating that the water mass balance is in equilibrium. The lake is damned by the Anuchin Glacier and mass balance calculation suggest that subaqueous melting of terminus ice contributes 40–45% of the annual water budget; since there is no evidence of streams flowing into the lake, the lake must be connected to a groundwater system that contributes 55–60% in order to maintain the lake budget in balance. The groundwater likely flows at a rate of ~8.8 × 10−2m3s−1, a reasonable estimate given the range of subglacial water flux in the region. The fate of its well-sealed ice cover is likely tied to changes in wind regime, whereas changes in water budget are more closely linked to the response of surrounding glaciers to climate change.
POSITIVE GROUND STATES FOR A CLASS OF SUPERLINEAR -LAPLACIAN COUPLED SYSTEMS INVOLVING SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS
Authors: DE ALBUQUERQUE J. C. , MARCOS DO Ó JOÃO , SILVA EDCARLOS D.
Published: July 2019

We study the existence of positive ground state solutions for the following class of$(p,q)$-Laplacian coupled systems$$\begin{eqnarray}\left\{\begin{array}{@{}lr@{}}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}_{p}u+a(x)|u|^{p-2}u=f(u)+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|u|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-2}u|v|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}, & x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\\ -\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}_{q}v+b(x)|v|^{q-2}v=g(v)+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|v|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-2}v|u|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}, & x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\end{array}\right.\end{eqnarray}$$where$1<p\leq q<N$. Here the coefficient$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)$of the coupling term is related to the potentials by the condition$|\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}a(x)^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}/p}b(x)^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}/q}$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\in (0,1)$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}/p+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}/q=1$. Using a variational approach based on minimization over the Nehari manifold, we establish the existence of positive ground state solutions for a large class of nonlinear terms and potentials.
Growth, fecundity, and competition between aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant and -susceptible Asia Minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax)
Authors: Tang Wei , Chen Jie , Yu Xiaoyue , Zhang Jianping , Lu Yongliang
Published: July 2019

Asia Minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.) is a problem grass weed of winter crops in China, where a population has become resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides. The mechanism of resistance is due to an Ile-2041-Asn mutation of the ACCase gene. Screen house experiments were conducted to study the growth, fecundity characteristics, and competitive ability of this aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant (APP-R) biotype compared with a susceptible (APP-S) biotype. When grown under noncompetitive conditions, the APP-R P. fugax developed more rapidly than the APP-S plants, with earlier tiller and panicle emergence and seed shedding; the APP-R P. fugax set seeds nearly 12 d earlier than the APP-S biotype. APP-R and APP-S biotypes had similar aboveground dry weight before the flowering stage. Fecundity of the APP-R biotype was similar to the APP-S biotype (8.57 g seeds plant−1 and 0.17 g seeds panicle−1 versus 8.22 g seeds plant−1 and 0.13 g seeds panicle−1, respectively). Ultimately, the relatively slower-developing APP-S P. fugax had 50% more shoot dry weight than the APP-R plants. Relative competitiveness among the APP-R and APP-S P. fugax biotypes was investigated through replacement series experiments. No difference in competitive ability was measured between APP-R and APP-S biotypes on the basis of shoot dry weight before the tillering stage. These results indicate that there is no apparent fitness penalty for the APP-R P. fugax. The shorter growth cycle of APP-R with no apparent fitness penalty suggests that growers will need begin weed control earlier and possibly include vegetative crops with an even shorter growth cycle in their rotations.
Streamflow in the Columbia River Basin: Quantifying Changes Over the Period 1951‐2008 and Determining the Drivers of Those Changes
Authors: Forbes Whitney L. , Mao Jiafu , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Shi Xiaoying , Tavakoly Ahmad A. , Jin Mingzhou , Guo Weidong , Zhao Tianbao , Wang Yutao , Thornton Peter E. , Hoffman Forrest M.
Published: July 2019

Trend, detection, and attribution analyses were performed using naturalized streamflow observations and routed land surface model runoff for 10 subbasins in the Columbia River Basin during water years 1951–2008. The Energy Exascale Earth System land‐surface model (ELM) version 1.0 and the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) routing model were used to conduct semi‐factorial simulations driven by multiple sets of bias‐corrected forcing data sets. Four main potential drivers, including climate change (CLMT), CO2 concentration (CO2), nitrogen deposition (NDEP), and land use and land cover change (LULCC), were analyzed during the assessment. All subbasins showed significant (α = 0.10) declines in the observed amount of annual total streamflow, except for the Middle and Upper Snake and Upper Columbia Subbasins. These declines were led by significant decreases in June–October streamflow, which also directly led to significant decreases in peak and summer streamflow. Except for the Snake River Subbasins, LULCC had the same pattern of declines in monthly streamflow, but the period was shifted to May–September. NDEP also had significant trends in June–October; however, rather than decreases, the trends showed significant increases in streamflow. While there were significant trends in CO2, NDEP, and LULCC, their signals of change were weak in comparison to the signal in CLMT and the natural internal variability found in streamflow. Overall, the detection and attribution analysis showed that the historical changes found in annual total, center of timing of, and summer mean streamflow could be attributed to changing climate and variability.
The “Yellowball” Catalog and the Citizen Science That Helped Define It
Authors: Crowell Rachel
Published: July 2019

The online community of the Milky Way Project citizen scientists helped scientists identify compact star-forming regions now known as yellowballs.
Science in a Frozen Ocean
Authors: Vernet Maria , Hoppema Mario , Geibert Walter
Published: July 2019

It’s notoriously difficult to access, but new technologies, international collaboration, regional models, and interdisciplinary approaches are improving understanding of the Weddell Gyre.
Analysis and Mapping of an Updated Terrestrial Heat Flow Data Set
Authors: Lucazeau F.
Published: July 2019

The number of heat flow measurements at the Earth surface has significantly increased since the last global analysis (Pollack et al., 1993, https://doi.org/10.1029/93RG01249), and the most recent of them provide insights into key locations. This paper presents a new compilation, which includes approximately 70,000 measurements. Continental heat flow (67 mWm−2) does not change significantly, but the differences are more important for oceanic heat flow. The divergence with conductive cooling models is reduced significantly for young ages of the seafloor, since the most recent measurements (92 mWm−2) are significantly higher on average than the older ones (79 mWm−2). This is related to a better quality and a better sampling of measurements in regions affected by hydrothermal circulation. The total Earth heat loss derived from these most recent measurements is estimated to ∼40–42 TW and represents only 3–5 TW less than with a conductive cooling model (∼45–47 TW). Hydrothermal heat loss in the oceanic domain is estimated with a new method based on the ruggedness of the seafloor and represents ∼1.5 TW more than previous estimates. The heat flow variability on continents is so large that defining a trend with stratigraphic or tectono‐thermal age is difficult and makes extrapolation from age a poor predictor. On the other hand, additional geological and geophysical information can be combined with age for better predictions. A generalized similarity method was used here to predict heat flow on a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid. The agreement with local measurements is generally good and increases with the number and quality of proxies.
Ship Emission Impacts on Air Quality and Human Health in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region, China, in 2015, With Projections to 2030
Authors: Chen Chen , Saikawa Eri , Comer Bryan , Mao Xiaoli , Rutherford Dan
Published: July 2019

Ship emissions contribute to air pollution, increasing the adverse health impacts on people living in coastal cities. We estimated the impacts caused by ship emissions, both on air quality and human health, in 2015 and future (2030) within the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China. In addition, we assessed the potential health benefits of implementing an Emission Control Area (ECA) in the region by predicting avoided premature mortality with and without an ECA. In 2015, ship emissions increased PM2.5 concentrations and O3 mixing ratios by 1.4 μg/m3 and 1.9 ppb, respectively, within the PRD region. This resulted in 466 and 346 excess premature acute deaths from PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Premature mortality from chronic exposures was even more significant, with 2,085 and 852 premature deaths from ship‐related PM2.5 and O3, respectively. In 2030, we projected the future ship emissions with and without an ECA, using two possible land scenarios. With an ECA, we predicted 76% reductions in SO2 and 13% reductions in NOx from the shipping sector. Assuming constant land emissions from 2015 in 2030 (2030 Constant scenario), we found that an ECA could avoid 811 PM2.5‐related and 108 O3‐related deaths from chronic exposures. Using 2030 Projected scenario for land emissions, we found that an ECA would avoid 1,194 PM2.5‐related and 160 O3‐related premature deaths in 2030. In both scenarios, implementing an ECA resulted in 30% fewer PM2.5‐related premature deaths and 10% fewer O3‐related premature deaths, illustrating the importance of reducing ship emissions.
Wind‐Induced Ground Motion: Dynamic Model and Nonuniform Structure for Ground
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Hickey C. J. , Raspet R. , Naderyan V.
Published: July 2019

Wind‐induced ground vibrations are a source of noise in seismic surveys. In a previous study, a wind‐ground coupling theory was developed to predict the power spectral density of ground motions caused by wind perturbations on the ground surface. The prediction was developed using a superposition of the point source response of an elastic isotropic homogeneous medium deforming quasi‐statically with the statistical description of the wind‐induced pressure fluctuations on the ground. Model predictions and field measurements were in agreement for the normal component of the displacement but underpredicted the horizontal component. In this paper, two generalizations are investigated to see if they lead to increased horizontal displacement predictions: (1) First, the dynamic point source response is calculated and incorporated into the ground displacement calculation. Measured ground responses are used to incorporate losses into the dynamic calculation. (2) The quasi‐static response function for three different types of nonuniform grounds are calculated and used in the seismic wind noise superposition. The dynamic point source response and the three more realistic ground models result in larger horizontal displacements for the point source at distances on the order of 1 m or greater from the source. However, the superposition to predict the seismic wind noise is dominated by the displacements very close to the point source where the prediction is unchanged. This research indicates that the modeling of the wind‐induced pressure source distribution must be improved to predict the observed equivalency of the vertical and horizontal displacements.
Geoelectric Field Evaluation During the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm: MA.I.GIC. Model
Authors: Piersanti M. , Di Matteo S. , Carter B. A. , Currie J. , D'Angelo G.
Published: July 2019

The space environment near Earth is constantly subjected to changes in the solar wind flow generated at the Sun. Examples of this variability are the occurrence of powerful solar disturbances, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The impact of CMEs on the Earth's magnetosphere perturbs the geomagnetic field causing the occurrence of geomagnetic storms. Such extremely variable geomagnetic fields trigger geomagnetic effects measurable not only in the geospace but also in the ionosphere, upper atmosphere, and on the ground. For example, during extreme events, rapidly changing geomagnetic fields generate intense geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). In recent years, GIC impact on the power networks at middle and low latitudes has attracted attention due to the expansion of large‐scale power networks into these regions. This paper presents a new model, called MA.I.GIC. (Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Ground‐Induced Current), to derive the geoelectric field used to determine the magnitude of GICs. In addition, we discuss the results of the MA.I.GIC. model applied to the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm with particular focus on the two sudden impulses occurring on 6 and 7 September 2017, and the two main phases on 7 and 8 September 2017.
The Woven Self: An Auto-Ethnography of Cultural Disruption and Connectedness
Authors: King Pita
Published: July 2019

This current auto-ethnographic study is set against the backdrop of colonial policies of urbanization and cultural assimilation that continue to impact the everyday lives of Māāori (indigenous people of New Zealand). Colonial actions have brought about a state of mass disruption to Māori traditions of forming and maintaining connections between people, ancestral homelands, and ways of being. Today, many Māori continue to grapple with the social, cultural, and economic consequences that these upheavals have brought about. My aim within this research is to engage with how Māori preserve and maintain their cultural selves while being stretched across a diverse landscape of being that is populated by new urban and heritage rural spaces. Grounded in Kaupapa Māori theory and working in the spirit of culturally patterned auto-ethnography, I offer a case study of my family’s experiences of disconnection and our efforts to strengthen connections with our ancestral homelands, communities, and ways of being. As my analysis illustrates, the enactment of culturally informed everyday social practices facilitates process of reconnection and the strengthening of connections, and allows the reproduction of Māori selves across space and time. Furthermore, I argue that cultural connectedness can be deepened and enriched by going beyond the extraordinary moments of big events (ritualized engagements), and by becoming part of the ordinary and everyday reproduction of cultural traditions and values. This article contributes to broader understandings of how indigenous peoples seek to work through and resist the ongoing impacts of colonial disruption.
The color of health: how racism, segregation, and inequality affect the health and well-being of preterm infants and their families
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Edwards Erika M. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Howell Elizabeth A. , McCormick Marie C. , Pursley DeWayne M.
Published: July 2019

Racism, segregation, and inequality contribute to health outcomes and drive health disparities across the life course, including for newborn infants and their families. In this review, we address their effects on the health and well-being of newborn infants and their families with a focus on preterm birth. We discuss three causal pathways: increased risk; lower-quality care; and socioeconomic disadvantages that persist into infancy, childhood, and beyond. For each pathway, we propose specific interventions and research priorities that may remedy the adverse effects of racism, segregation, and inequality. Infants and their families will not realize the full benefit of advances in perinatal and neonatal care until we, collectively, accept our responsibility for addressing the range of determinants that shape long-term outcomes.
Simple security proof of twin-field type quantum key distribution protocol
Authors: Curty Marcos , Azuma Koji , Lo Hoi-Kwong
Published: July 2019

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) was conjectured to beat the private capacity of a point-to-point QKD link by using single-photon interference in a central measuring station. This remarkable conjecture has recently triggered an intense research activity to prove its security. Here, we introduce a TF-type QKD protocol which is conceptually simpler than the original proposal. It relies on the pre-selection of a global phase, instead of the post-selection of a global phase, which significantly simplifies its security analysis and is arguably less demanding experimentally. We demonstrate that the secure key rate of our protocol has a square-root improvement over the point-to-point private capacity, as conjectured by the original TF QKD.
A full-width half-maximum method to assess retinal vascular structural changes in patients with ischemic heart disease and microvascular angina
Authors: Xu Bo Lun , Zhou Wen Li , Zhu Tie Pei , Cheng Ke Yun , Li Yi Jie , Zhan Hai Jing , Jiang Li Gang , Tong Yu Hua
Published: July 2019

Chest pain patients without obstructive ischemic heart disease (IHD) have increased attention in the clinical practice as carrying higher cardiovascular (CV) risk and impaired life quality. Retinal vasculature is a novel but reliable risk factor of atherosclerosis and systemic vascular diseases. However, the association of retinal blood vessels and unobstructed IHD, as known as microvascular angina (MA) is poorly understood. This study compared retinal vascular structures of obstructive IHD and MA using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and full-width half-maximum (FWHM) methods to provide new risk predictive evidence of MA. Fundus vessels of 120 IHD patients, including 91epicardial IHD and 29 MA patients, and 66 control subjects were evaluated. Significant differences in the retinal arterial lumen diameter (RALD), retinal arterial outer diameter (RAOD), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) have been found (P < 0.05). The severity of IHD was negatively correlated with diameters of RAOD, RALD and AVR (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the retinal vascular structure between IHD patients and patients with MA. Thus, assessment of retinal vascular structure is suggested to evaluate CV risk of IHD patients, despite having no obstructive IHD.
Identification of the Catechin Uptake Transporter Responsible for Intestinal Absorption of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Mice
Authors: Ishii Shunsuke , Kitazawa Hidefumi , Mori Takuya , Kirino Aya , Nakamura Shun , Osaki Noriko , Shimotoyodome Akira , Tamai Ikumi
Published: July 2019

Many studies have shown that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) contribute to the health benefits of green tea, although its bioavailability is usually low. However, the mechanism underlying its intestinal absorption remains unclear. In human subjects, it has been reported that the bioavailability of EGCg increases after repeated oral catechin intake. We hypothesized that a certain uptake transporter was involved in this increase, and investigated a novel EGCg transporter. We first confirmed the increase in EGCg bioavailability in mice fed the catechin diet for two weeks. Then, in situ intestinal catechin infusion exhibited that the absorption of EGCg in the ileum was selectively increased in mice fed the catechin diet. A comprehensive analysis of plasma membrane proteins revealed 10 candidates for EGCg transporter, which were selectively increased in the ileum. EGCg uptake by a Xenopus laevis oocyte expressed with respective transporter revealed that oocytes microinjected with DTDST cRNA exhibited significantly higher EGCg uptake. Furthermore, uptake of EGCg by CHO-K1 cells stably expressing DTDST was significantly higher than that by mock cells, which was nullified by treating with a DTDST inhibitor. In conclusion, this study identified DTDST as a novel intestinal EGCg transporter that is upregulated after repeated oral catechin intake.
Transfer entropy for synchronized behavior estimation of interpersonal relationships in human communication: identifying leaders or followers
Authors: Takamizawa Kenji , Kawasaki Masahiro
Published: July 2019

A person’s behavioral rhythms are synchronized spontaneously and unconsciously with those of other people, which often have positive effects, such as facilitating cooperation on tasks and promoting empathy for others. Although synchronization is induced by mutual interaction, it is unclear whether both individuals have the same influence. Is there a division of roles, in which some people are leaders and some followers? To address this, we calculated the transfer entropy (TE) of behavioral rhythms in a two-person cooperative tapping task, which provides an estimate of the direction of information propagation between two systems. We used TE to identify the causal relationship between two people (leader and follower); that is, the significant differences in the TE from one partner to another and vice versa. In this study, if there was a high TE from one individual (e.g., participant A) to the other individual (e.g., participant B), we defined participant A as the leader group and B as the follower group. First, using computer simulations, the programs which tapping intervals were almost independent with or were almost same with those of the partner programs were identified as the leader or follower, respectively, thereby confirming our hypothesis. Second, based on the results of the human experiment, we identified the leader and follower in some groups. Interestingly, the leader group showed a high systemizing quotient, which is related to communication deficits in developmental disorders such as autism. The results are consistent with participants’ subjective impressions of their partners. Our methods can be used to estimate the interpersonal division of roles in complex human communications.
Application of On-line SEC-NMR and DOSY for Practical Polymer Characterization
Authors: Ute Koichi , Nagao Ryuhei , Watanabe Kazuya
Published: July 2019

Most practical synthetic polymers are copolymers. The copolymerization of monomers with different reactivities proceeds through a complicated reaction process, and it is therefore not uncommon that the chemical composition of the resulting copolymer varies between a high molecular weight region and a low molecular weight region. SEC-NMR and DOSY are useful methods for investigating the molecular weight dependence of the composition of a copolymer. In this chapter, SEC-NMR and DOSY experiments on ethylene–propylene–diene rubbers and acrylate copolymers are described and the characteristic features of each measurement method are explained. Applications of SEC-NMR and DOSY using new hardware such as cryogenically cooled probe technology or high field-gradient systems to the analysis of copolymers are also described.
Dynamics of Polymer Systems Studied by NMR Field-cycling Relaxometry
Authors: Hofmann M. , Flämig M. , Rössler E. A.
Published: July 2019

With the availability of commercial field-cycling (FC) relaxometers together with progress of home-built instruments, NMR relaxometry has gained new impetus as a method of investigating the dynamics in polymer systems. The FC method provides the dispersion of the spin–lattice relaxation rate. Transforming the relaxation data to the susceptibility representation and assuming frequency-temperature superposition master curves are constructed from individual relaxation spectra measured at different temperatures. Thereby, relaxation spectra covering up to ten decades in amplitude and frequency are obtained, which allow transformation into time correlation functions. In the case of protons, due to the intra- and intermolecular origin of dipolar interactions, spin–lattice relaxation dispersion reflects segmental rotation as well as translation. The latter displays a universal low frequencies dispersion law, which allows determining the diffusion coefficient in addition to the reorientational time constant. By singling out the intermolecular relaxation via isotope dilution experiments, sub-diffusive translation in terms of the mean-square displacement as a function of time is accessed. Likewise, information on reorientational dynamics is provided by the intramolecular relaxation. The results complement those of neutron scattering and rheological experiments. All in all, thorough testing of current polymer theories becomes possible and FC NMR relaxometry may become a method of molecular rheology.
Nanostructures, Conformations, and Intermolecular Interactions in Natural Biopolymers Revealed by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Fenfen , Tian Donglin , Zhang Rongchun , Sun Pingchuan
Published: July 2019

In light of the biological significance as well as the great potential in medical and industrial applications, natural renewable and degradable biopolymers have gained tremendous attention in recent decades. Thus, it is crucial to understand details of nanoscale structures, chain conformations, inter-/intramolecular interactions, and dynamics for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular origin of the corresponding macroscopic material properties. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has demonstrated itself as a powerful and unrivalled approach for the investigation of natural biopolymers due to its abundant nuclei selectivity and non-destructive property as well as the capability of selective manipulation of various anisotropic spin interactions in the biopolymers. In this chapter, we mainly review some recently developed solid-state NMR approaches for quantitative/qualitative determination of the nano-structures, intermolecular interactions, and conformation transitions in biopolymers. Specifically, solid-state NMR studies on chitosan and cellulose-based materials will be reviewed.
Solid-state NMR of Organic Electronics
Authors: Nieuwendaal Ryan
Published: July 2019

Organic materials that exhibit high charge conductivities have potential uses in a number of electronics application areas, such as photovoltaics and flat panel displays and what once was a perpetual “on the horizon” class of materials, organic electronics are finding many real-world uses in a number of flexible electronics applications such as wearable sensors. However, regardless of the applied technology, precise knowledge of the morphologies of the organic molecules that comprise the active material are critical to optimizing the functionality. Solid-state NMR is a powerful analytical tool for deciphering local structures in complex morphologies and measuring molecular dynamics in dynamically heterogeneous materials. In this review, we cover recent solid-state NMR works that have focused on organic electronics materials such as polythiophenes, polyphenylene vinylenes, polyfluorenes, and a number of donor–acceptor polymers with applications in organic electronics, namely organic thin film transistors, organic light emitting diodes, and organic photovoltaics.
Development of Sulfur-33 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Structural Study of Crosslinked Rubber
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiko
Published: July 2019

In this chapter, toward understanding crosslinked structures in rubbers, development of the solid-state sulfur-33 (33S) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for analysis of organosulfur compounds and ones forming covalent bonds, which conventional NMR techniques may not be able to cover, is presented. Three methods to deal with large quadrupolar interactions of 33S nuclei are briefly discussed, including (1) zero-field solid-state 33S NMR, i.e., nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR), (2) frequency-swept solid-state 33S NMR at lower magnetic field and (3) field-swept solid-state 33S NMR. Among them, field-swept solid-state NMR has tremendous potential to observe a 33S NMR signal of sulfur atoms involved in crosslinked structures in rubbers. This is because it can readily combine with the following two ultra-high sensitivity techniques; optomechanical NMR, in which an NMR signal can be converted into a laser having high sensitivities via micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) equipped with thin-film capacitor, and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil, in which the high-quality factor of Q (Q-factor) of more than 16 000 for the coil is achieved at the present time.
Highly branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) functionalized with an inducer molecule suppresses quorum sensing in Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Shepherd Joanna , Swift Thomas , Chang Chien-Yi , Boyne James R. , Rimmer Stephen , Martin William H. C.
Published: July 2019

Bacterial quorum sensing has been implicated in a number of pathogenic bacterial processes, such as biofilm formation, making it a crucial target for developing materials with a novel antibiotic mode of action.
Potential-selective fate of 2D chiral crystallization on an electrode surface
Authors: Wu ChiaHo , Vegiraju Sureshraju , Chen Ming-Chou , Afraj Shakil N. , Huang Bo-Yuan , Yau Shuehlin
Published: July 2019

Molecular resolution STM is used to study the spatial structure and chirality of adsorbed Δ4,4-dicyclopenta[2,1 b:3,4-b]-dithiophene on an Au(111) electrode, revealing an ordered, racemate adlayer made of homogeneously mixed R- and S-TTE and patches of R- or S-only TTE.
Iridium-catalyzed alkenyl C–H allylation using conjugated dienes
Authors: Xu Liangyao , Meng Keke , Zhang Jian , Sun Yaling , Lu Xiunan , Li Tingyan , Jiang Yan , Zhong Guofu
Published: July 2019

An iridium-catalyzed olefinic C–H allylation of acrylamides with conjugated dienes was developed, providing an atom economic synthesis of skipped dienes.
Antielectrostatically hydrogen bonded anion dimers: counter-intuitive, common and consistent
Authors: White Nicholas G.
Published: July 2019

A Cambridge Structural Database survey reveals that antielectrostatically hydrogen bonded dimers occur frequently between a wide range of anions.
A novel folding pathway of the villin headpiece subdomain HP35
Authors: Wang Ercheng , Tao Peng , Wang Jun , Xiao Yi
Published: July 2019

Six folding states and three folding pathways are identified for HP35 with U and F being unfolded and folded states and I1, I2, I3 and I4 being intermediate states.
Modulation of the electronic properties and spin polarization of 2H VS2 nanoribbons by tuning ribbon widths and edge decoration
Authors: Zhao Rumeng , Wang Tianxing , Zhao Mingyu , Xia Congxin , An Yipeng , Dai Xianqi
Published: July 2019

VS2 magnetic nanoribbons with different edges and widths show abundant electrical and magnetic properties.
The effect of covalently bonded aryl layers on the band bending and electron density of SnO2 surfaces probed by synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Schuurman Joel C. , McNeill Alexandra R. , Martinez-Gazoni Rodrigo F. , Scott Jonty I. , Reeves Roger J. , Allen Martin W. , Downard Alison J.
Published: July 2019

A downward to upward surface band bending change can be induced by grafted 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups on SnO2.
High throughput scanning of dimer interactions to facilitate confirmation of the molecular stacking mode: a case of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and its amino-derivatives
Authors: He Xudong , Xiong Ying , Wei Xianfeng , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: July 2019

We confirm that the stacking mode can be ascertained by the potential energy surface scanning of dimers, thereby, the stacking structures and properties related to the stacking mode can quickly be screened by high throughput calculations.
Sandwich-type Na6B7− and Na8B7+ clusters: charge-transfer complexes, four-fold π/σ aromaticity, and dynamic fluxionality
Authors: Wang Ying-Jin , Feng Lin-Yan , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: July 2019

Boron-based Na6B7− and Na8B7+ clusters adopt unique sandwich structures, feature four-fold π/σ aromaticity and robust interlayer ionic bonding, and demonstrate dual-mode dynamic fluxionality.
To freeze, or not to freeze: the impact of subzero temperature on quantifying organic contaminants in ocean sediments
Authors: Otim Ochan
Published: July 2019

Assessing the extent of ocean bed contamination by anthropogenic organic chemicals requires collecting and preserving the native state of sediments. But, how?
Transformation and species identification of CuO nanoparticles in plant cells (Nicotiana tabacum)
Authors: Dai Yanhui , Zhao Jian , Liu Xiaoyun , Yu Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhixiang , Bu Yuyu , Xu Zefeng , Wang Zhenyu , Zhu Xiaoshan , Xing Baoshan
Published: July 2019

CuO NPs were transformed into Cu2O, Cu2S, and Cu acetate on cell walls and inside plant cells.
Silver(i)-catalysed carboxylative cyclisation of primary propargylic amines in neat water using potassium bicarbonate as a carboxyl source: an environment-friendly synthesis of Z-5-alkylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones
Authors: Qin Jian-Feng , Wang Bing , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: July 2019

An environment-friendly synthesis of Z-5-alkylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones in water under gas-free conditions.
Switching on palladium catalyst electrochemical removal from a palladium acetate–acetonitrile systemviatrace water addition
Authors: Hussein Haytham E. M. , Ray Andrew D. , Macpherson Julie V.
Published: July 2019

Trace water addition drives the electrochemical removal of a Pd catalyst from organic synthesis reaction solutions.
Insights into the selection of 2D LA-ICP-MS (multi)elemental mapping conditions
Authors: van Elteren Johannes T. , Šelih Vid S. , Šala Martin
Published: July 2019

Guidelines how to generate good 2D LA-ICP-MS (multi)elemental maps.
Early detection ofE. coliand total coliform using an automated, colorimetric and fluorometric fiber optics-based device
Authors: Tok Sabiha , de Haan Kevin , Tseng Derek , Usanmaz Can Firat , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: July 2019

We report early detection ofE. coliand total coliform bacteria using an automated, colorimetric and fluorometric fiber optics-based device.
A minimal benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-based electron acceptor as a third component material for ternary polymer solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 16.0%
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Zhou Xiaobo , Cai Dongdong , Tu Qisheng , Ma Wei , Zheng Qingdong
Published: July 2019

A simple small molecule of BTF is used as a third component in the binary blends of J71:ITIC and PM6:Y6 to achieve efficient ternary polymer solar cells with enhanced PCEs of 12.35% and 16.53%, respectively.
Submillimeter and lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9perovskite nanoflakes: inverse temperature crystallization growth and application for ultrasensitive photodetectors
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Hu Qingsong , Zhou Hongzhi , Luo Peng , Nie Anmin , Zhu Haiming , Gan Lin , Zhuge Fuwei , Ma Ying , Song Haisheng , Zhai Tianyou
Published: July 2019

Lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9perovskite nanoflakes with submillimeter in-plane size were synthesized through inverse temperature crystallization growth by controlling the evaporation temperature and solute concentration.
Synthesis of dual-emission fluorescent carbon quantum dots and their ratiometric fluorescence detection for arginine in 100% water solution
Authors: Wang Yuying , Liu Hanxiao , Song Huanhuan , Yu Mingming , Wei Liuhe , Li Zhanxian
Published: July 2019

The dual-emission carbon dots (CDs) can detect arginine in 100% water via ratiometric fluorescent method. The CDs exhibits good photostability, selectivity, and anti-interference ability, fast response time, and wide pH detection range.
Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies and catecholase like activities of [MO6] type complexes
Authors: Ahamad M. Naqi , Kumar Manjeet , Ansari Azaj , I. Mantasha , Ahmad Musheer , Shahid M.
Published: July 2019

Co(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes are prepared and characterized through spectral, crystallographic and theoretical studies. The Co(ii) complex is shown to be a catechol oxidase mimic and the activity is corroborated by DFT results.
Correction: Iodine mediated oxidative cross coupling of 2-aminopyridine and aromatic terminal alkyne: a practical route to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Samanta Surya Kanta , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Iodine mediated oxidative cross coupling of 2-aminopyridine and aromatic terminal alkyne: a practical route to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine’ by Surya Kanta Samanta et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 6441–6449.
Design, fabrication and anti-aging behavior of a multifunctional inorganic–organic hybrid stabilizer derived from co-intercalated layered double hydroxides for polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Qian , Guo Yixuan , Marek Adam A. , Verney Vincent , Leroux Fabrice , Tang Pinggui , Li Dianqing , Feng Yongjun
Published: July 2019

The concomitant presence of HALS/DBHP co-intercalated within the LDH structure strongly improved the anti-aging performance of PP, which opens the pathway for potential future research of high-performance PP associated with hybrid fillers.
Exposing the photocorrosion mechanism and control strategies of a CuO photocathode
Authors: Xing Haiyang , E Lei , Guo Zhengang , Zhao Dan , Li Xifei , Liu Zhifeng
Published: July 2019

A CuO photocathode modified with TiO2 and Pt displays superior photocorrosion stability in PEC water splitting.
Graphene edge-enhanced anchoring of the well-exposed cobalt clusters via strong chemical bonding for accelerating the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Si , Zhang Yijie , Li Wanfei , Wen Yue , Liu Muye , Lu Luhua , Liu Jinghai , Chen Ying , Song Weiguo , Zhang Yuegang
Published: July 2019

Carbon precursors with well-manipulated structures are crucially important for achieving high ORR activity and stability.
Photoinduced formation of Cu@Cu2O@C plasmonic nanostructures with efficient interfacial charge transfer for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Na , Yan Wenjun , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhijian , Chen Jiazang
Published: July 2019

Photoinduced in situ synthesis of Cu@Cu2O@C nanostructures with efficient interfacial charge transfer, wide spectral response, and effective protection from photocorrosion by carbon coating, which exhibit efficient and stable hydrogen evolution.
Dual drug-paired polyprodrug nanotheranostics reverse multidrug resistant cancers via mild photothermal-cocktail chemotherapy
Authors: Du Chang , Ding Yue , Qian Jiwen , Zhang Rong , Dong Chang-Ming
Published: July 2019

A dual drug-paired polyprodrug nanotheranostic PDCN25-CDDP was constructed for the combination therapy PT–CCT to combat multidrug resistant cancers, achieving complete MCF-7/ADR and OVCAR-3/DDP tumor ablation for 30 days.
Nanotube array-based barium titanate–cobalt ferrite composite film for affordable magnetoelectric multiferroics
Authors: Kawamura Go , Oura Kentaro , Tan Wai Kian , Goto Taichi , Nakamura Yuichi , Yokoe Daisaku , Deepak Francis Leonard , Hajraoui Khalil El , Wei Xing , Inoue Mitsuteru , Muto Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Matsuda Atsunori
Published: July 2019

Barium titanate–cobalt ferrite nanocomposite film showing room-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroics was fabricated onlyviaaffordable liquid phase processes.