bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Engineering Technologies
Authors: Selvakumar P.
Published: May 2024

India is the third-largest fish producer in the world and the second-largest aquaculture country after China. The Indian Blue Revolution highlighted the significance of the aquaculture and fishing industries. This industry is viewed as one that is growing and has the potential to have a significant impact on India. For aquatic life to remain healthy, water quality monitoring is essential. Traditional methods for water quality monitoring involve manual sample collection and complex procedures. They are ineffective, expensive, lack real-time monitoring, and require laboratory testing. To address these issues, the proposed method for monitoring the water quality in aquaculture uses IoT to determine the pH value of the water, which can identify poor water quality that may result in disease or negatively impact living things. Similar to early water quality detection, which prompts the owner to take the proper action, this strategy alerts the owner.
Latino Parent Involvement in School
Authors: Caro Pedro
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines different facets of Latino parent involvement within the school setting. Objectives include analyzing traditional parent involvement practices, examining cultural factors surrounding Latino parent involvement, and assessing the association between school leadership and parent involvement. This chapter presents several case studies and best practices for educators, such as teachers, administrators, school counselors, and other mental health practitioners, who may work directly with Latino children and families. The goal is to increase their capacity to serve this population effectively. The first section introduces theories of effective parent involvement and explores critical components of effective parent involvement. The second section centers on critical aspects of Latino parent involvement and barriers that Latino parents have had to endure as they navigate the educational system in America historically. The final section addresses the association between school leaders and their role in supporting parent involvement at the school level.
The Night I Fought for Life
Authors: Azizi Marzia
Published: May 2024

In a war-torn country, your foremost struggle is not the pursuit of wealth or riches; it is the fight for survival and then obtaining an education. In 2016, when the author enthusiastically embarked on the author's higher education journey at the American University of Afghanistan, the author had to confront death to pursue that education. It was just the beginning of the second semester when the Taliban, now in control of the country, launched a terrorist attack on my university on August 24, 2016, resulting in the tragic loss of friends, classmates, and teachers. To survive that night, the author leaped from the second floor, landing on the ground, feigning death beside a classmate who wasn't breathing and was covered in blood. The author could witness the terror and the horror right before the author's eyes, resembling a scene from a Hollywood movie. That night, not only did the author lose the author's friends, classmates, and teachers but the author also lost a piece of the author's own mental well-being. Yet, amidst the ruins, the author did not lose hope. In the author's heart, the author still carried hope and optimism for a better beginning.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence for Reference Purposes in Academic Libraries
Authors: Mupaikwa Elisha
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence has played an important role in reference services for academic libraries. This chapter reviews 40 journal articles published between 2000 and 2023. It reports that artificial intelligence technologies of machine learning, robots, and natural language processing have all played an important role in providing personalised services in information literacy, sentiment analysis, information retrieval and recommendations on library materials. In addition, the review reported an increased usage of ChatGPT among academics and reference librarians in academic libraries. The review generally showed a limited adoption of artificial intelligence for reference purposes in the developing world due to several limitations such as lack of knowledge and skills, lack of finance and limited infrastructure among these institutions.
Future Trends and Emerging Technologies in AI and Libraries
Authors: Priya S. , Ramya R.
Published: May 2024

This abstract investigates how libraries are changing in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). It explores how new technologies are changing how libraries operate and provide services. Recommendation systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI), natural language processing (NLP) for improved user engagement, text analysis and data mining for knowledge discovery, AI-driven metadata management, and AI-driven preservation initiatives are some of the major themes in this field. Furthermore, RPA, or robotic process automation, simplifies library operations. The chapter focuses on how these technologies are transforming user experience, library administration procedures, and information access, so influencing how libraries will function in the digital era.
Integrating AI in Higher Education
Authors: Al Daraai Salim Bakhit , Al Maqrashi Mallak , Al Zakwani Mohammed , Al Shaikh Zahir
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of a study investigating the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education. The chapter examines various applications, strategies, and ethical considerations associated with this integration. It explores how AI technologies can automate tasks such as teaching, learning, and grading, enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of education. Additionally, the chapter investigates the potential benefits of AI in delivering personalised learning experiences, catering to diverse learning needs, and enhancing student engagement through intelligent tutoring systems and virtual environments. Furthermore, the chapter addresses ethical concerns related to AI, including issues concerning data privacy and algorithmic bias. It emphasises the importance of aligning AI applications with educational objectives. It highlights the necessity of providing teacher training and continuously improving AI implementation to ensure that these technologies complement, rather than replace, the human aspects of education.
IoT-Enabled Machine Learning-Based Smart and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Patel Vivek , Gautam Swati , Chaurasia Vijayshri , Kureel Sunil , Kumar Alok , Gupta Rajeev Kumar
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, an elaborated description of machine learning (ML)-based IoT system for smart and sustainable agriculture in modern perspective is presented. Idea for future perspective to advanced ML-IoT system development is emphasized, and a CNN and LightGBM-based crop recommendation system is suggested. Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology and dedicated platform to connect the remote systems to each other. Recently, IoT is widely adopted in smart and sustainable agriculture for environmental and crop data acquisition. The sensors data collected from IoT devices is analyzed using ML techniques for detection and further action is taken for improvement in farming. The ML-IoT solution assists farmers in deciding which state of action to be taken as per the analysis of IoT sensor devices data such as temperature, light intensity, humidity, ultraviolet range, and soil moisture and boost agriculture for sustainable goals. A comprehensive discussion is given of the present situation, applications, opportunities for study, constraints, and future issues.
Integrating Circular Economy Principles for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ibrahim Mirna
Published: May 2024

The circular economy (CE) has risen in prominence as a potential model to improve sustainability. However, the relationship between circularity and sustainability is complex. This chapter reviews the literature debating if and when CE practices lead to sustainability gains. The chapter discusses conceptualizations of CE and sustainability; analyzes mechanisms linking CE implementation to varied, ambiguous, or even contradictory sustainability impacts; appraises common CE and sustainability assessment methods and tools; discusses gaps in evaluating this nuanced relationship; and proposes an integrated assessment framework focused on life cycle thinking, local-to-global scale effects, and capturing unintended consequences of CE activities. Findings indicate that while CE principles hold promise for enabling sustainability, the dynamics between circularity and sustainability are highly case-specific. Developing capabilities to consistently quantify when and to what extent “circular” practices lead to “sustainable” outcomes is an open challenge requiring continued empirical demonstration.
Directing Research Efforts in Agriculture Teacher Education
Authors: Barrick R. Kirby
Published: May 2024

Each year thousands of students enroll in agricultural education programs throughout the United States. Additionally, hundreds more pursue a college degree and the license to become a certified secondary school teacher of agriculture. How has agricultural education evolved, and how has agricultural teacher education contributed to creating and sustaining successful instructional programs in agriculture? This textbook identifies and elaborates on research that has been completed and published by the profession over the years. This chapter provides a broad background of writings from the past 60 years that serve as a call for agricultural education researchers to continue to pursue the answers to important questions in agricultural education.
Developing Technical Agriculture Skills Through Laboratory Instruction in School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Wells Trent , Solomonson Jay K. , Hainline Mark S.
Published: May 2024

In the context of school-based agricultural education (SBAE), technical agriculture skill instruction frequently spans the full gamut of the agricultural industry. Specifically, agriculture teachers are tasked with providing students with technical skill instruction in numerous content areas, such as animal science, plant science, and agricultural mechanics. The teaching and learning of these skills are meant to expose students to various facets of agriculture and help advance their college and career readiness. Delivering technical agriculture skill instruction in school laboratories is a common component of SBAE programming. Due to the nature of this type of instruction, there are a range of factors that must be considered when using SBAE laboratories to facilitate technical agriculture skill development, such as laboratory management and teacher competence. This chapter will explore these concepts and their supporting literature more deeply. Further, this chapter will also identify current gaps in the scholarly literature and provide recommendations to SBAE scholars to consider.
Teacher Needs and Professional Development in Agricultural Education
Authors: Smalley Scott W.
Published: May 2024

Professional development within agricultural education is critically important to help enhance the skills of educators. The demand for effective professional development has become increasingly apparent. Having a focus on what is essential to have a high-quality program is key to creating a long-term impact. A professional development opportunity which allows a teacher to focus on curriculum knowledge rather than pedagogy allows for collaboration. Collaboration is a great way for educators to enhance individual teaching practice. This chapter will highlight in the research review a variety of studies which have reviewed professional development strategies and the needs of teachers. This review provides insight into the current state of in-service teacher professional development needs. To create change and reform within agricultural education, continued research needs to occur in formal and non-formal education settings of agricultural education. Building upon the existing body of research, several key questions emerge, providing direction for further investigation.
Education Needs of School-Based Agriculture Teachers to Prepare Students for the 21st Century
Authors: DiBenedetto Catherine A.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary of and recommendations for pre-service and in-service education needs of secondary school-based agriculture teachers to prepare students for post-secondary education and the AG STEM careers prevailing in the 21st century. Focus will be placed on research conducted and theory related to professional development programs, needs assessments, and 21st century employability skills. The objectives of this chapter are to 1) describe the diverse roles and responsibilities of agricultural education teachers, 2) identify current challenges facing agricultural education programs to prepare effective teachers, 3) summarize high-quality professional development models aligned with 21st century employability skills for agriculture teachers, and 4) present recommendations for future research needed to address pre-service and in-service education needs of secondary school-based agriculture teachers to prepare students for the opportunities, demands, and challenges of the 21st century workforce.
Transforming Agricultural Education Through the NEXTGeneration Inclusion Consortium (NIC)
Authors: Petrie Lana , Ricketts John , Rockers Alyssa , Oliver Leigh , Luitel Sudina
Published: May 2024

The NEXTGeneration Inclusion Consortium (NIC) is a collaborative partnership that promotes the future workforce in the fields of food, agriculture, natural resources, and human sciences (FANHS). The NIC project provides a framework for agricultural educators to support underrepresented students in pursuing careers in FANHS fields. In addition, NIC offers a range of student-centered initiatives that promote experiential learning, immersive learning experiences, financial support, and domestic and international travel. The consortium strives to create a supportive and inclusive environment that encourages diversity and enhances the potential of the next generation of FANHS professionals. As NIC agriculture educators, the aim is to inspire underrepresented students to pursue careers in agriculture. In striving to remove obstacles, create opportunities, and promote inclusivity, NIC is committed to shaping diverse, skilled, and globally minded students in agriculture.
Personalization of Travel Experiences Through Data Analytics
Authors: Dwivedi Dwijendra Nath , Mahanty Ghanashyama , Khashouf Shafik
Published: May 2024

Travel and tourism represent a multifaceted sector, with the customer's journey from departure to return encompassing myriad interactions. A deeper comprehension of these interactions allows for enhanced planning aimed at enriching the customer's experience. The integration of advanced data analytics has significantly advanced the focus on customer needs within the travel and tourism industry. In this specific study, data analytics is applied to tailor experiences for visitors to an amusement park, using a comprehensive dataset from a fictional park to explore how variables such as age, group makeup, admission time, ride preferences, and eating habits can enhance the visitor experience. The findings offer valuable insights into visitor behaviors, facilitating the customization of services. For instance, age-related data informs the imposition of ride restrictions, while data on arrival and departure times aid in refining park operations and managing crowds more effectively.
Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
Authors: Saxena Prachi , Varma Jyoti
Published: May 2024

Latterly technologies associated with nanomedicine and drug delivery have played a significant role in the advancement of modern medicine, thereby overcoming the hurdles of using conventional drugs. Nanomedicine incorporates the use of nanotechnology for the treatment of various diseases, and one of its crucial applications is drug delivery. “Smart” nanocarriers are designed to carry large amounts of payload, which can be used to target particular cell types or tissues, deliver new medications, control drug release, get past physiological barriers to reach their target, extend the therapeutic window of medications, and reduce undesirable side effects. This book chapter focuses on providing an updated overview of nanomedicines that enhances the effectiveness of new medications. The applications, challenges, and future prospects of nanomedicines as drug carriers have also been discussed.
Risk Prediction of the Development of the Digital Economy Industry Based on a Machine Learning Model in the Context of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Luan Rui , Xu Ping
Published: May 2024

In today's society, rural areas face challenges such as complex terrain and uneven population distribution, and infrastructure construction is exceptionally difficult. At the same time, poor information transmission and low communication efficiency have also become a major obstacle to the promotion of the digital economy in rural areas. This study aims to use gradient advancement models to identify potential risks in the growth of the digital economy sector related to rural revitalization. In this study, we used an enhanced hierarchical gradient boosting algorithm. The research results indicate that the introduction of this technology can provide us with a more comprehensive and reliable risk prediction model, thereby more scientifically assisting the development and decision-making of the digital economy in rural areas. This article provides a new perspective and solutions for development issues in rural areas, promoting sustainable development and economic growth in rural areas.
Strengthening Postharvest Technology Development and Improvement through Feedback
Authors: Adegbola J. A. , Owojaiye O. B. , Ogunremi O. B. , Aina O. B. , Achime K. C. , Pessu P. O.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This inquiry is predicated on the datum or truism that all technologies have a gap and or become obsolete at some point, and the utilization of pass´e technologies predisposes the agricultural sector to underdevelopment. It investigates technological paucities and fixes for Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) technologies (NSPRI Smoking Kiln (NSK), Parabolic-shaped Solar Dryer (PSSD), Ice Fish Box® (IFB®), Hermetic Steel Drum (HSD) and Ventilated Plastic Crate (VPC)) from the perspective of users of the technologies.Research Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using the in-person method as its feedback mechanism in 18 states across 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data were obtained through interview schedules while a multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of respondents. Eighteen (18) States where NSPRI postharvest technologies have been disseminated and adopted were purposively selected, followed by the selection of users of improved NSPRI postharvest technologies. Frequencies, percentages, means and weighted averages were employed in the analysis of data components.Findings: Results showed that 70% of respondents have never provided feedback on NSPRI technologies. Executives of various associations were used by 45% of NSK users, 59% of IFB users, and 48% of VPC users to provide feedback while 43% of PSSD users and 40% of HSD users shared opinions through NSPRI extension staff. In general, there exists a strong (NSK: 94% PSSD: 95.2% IFB®: 91% HSD: 88.6% VPC: 74.5%) willingness to recommend technologies among respondents even as they provided positive feedback on use parameters and components of the technologies. However, respondents opined that the roller and chimney (NSK), durability of polypropylene cover (PSSD), draining of thawed ice (IFB®), and bolted ring (HSD) require improvement.Originality/ Value: These findings provide valuable information for the improvement of extant postharvest technologies.
A Systematic Review on Buffalo Breeds, Lactation Performance, and Buffalo Milk Production Characteristics in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gayanjalee D. A. , Rasika D. M. D. , Weerathilake W. A. D. V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to systematically review the publications originating from Sri Lanka on buffalo milk to identify potential dairy buffalo breeds and their lactation performances, milk composition, physicochemical properties, and products originating from buffalo milk.Research Method: Articles published over the last 6 decades were found through Scopus and Google Scholar databases using keywords. Original Research articles which are relevant and published in English were only selected. The six-step selection process in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Approach (PRISMA) was adopted.Findings: The majority of the publications focused on product development aspects rather than buffalo milk production aspects. Pure breeds of the locals, Murrah, Surti, and Nili-Ravi, and their crossbreeds are frequently cited in the literature. The daily average milk yields of Murrah, Local, Surti, and Nili-Ravi pure breeds were 4.7±2.3, 3.1±1.3, 3.0±1.19, and 1.2 L, respectively. Daily milk yields of the crossbreeds ranged from 1.1 – 5.0 L. Average lactation lengths were largely dependent on the breed in which Murrah recorded the highest (341±100 days). The average lactation length of the local breed was exceptionally shorter (156±27 days) than that of the exotic breeds (>235 days). The calving interval of the Murrah and Local buffaloes was the same (636 d). Pure breeds of Surti and Nili-Ravi recorded calving intervals of 489 and 411 d, respectively. Whereas, it ranged from 417-477 d among crossbreeds. Studies focused on milk compositions and physicochemical properties were extremely rare. Curd and cheese were the most focused products originating from buffalo milk.Value: This study summarises the buffalo milk production aspects in Sri Lanka and identifies research gaps in the area. Current literature reflects a satisfactory level of information relevant to the buffaloes reared in the Dry-Zone. This study recommends more research in milk composition analysis and lactation performance of the breeds and buffalo production in the Low-Country Wet Zone and Up-Country regions.
Alternative Agronomic Management Practices Through Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Plant Density Adjustments for Hybrid Fodder Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Karunadhipathi U. L. , Malaviarachchi M. A. P. W. K. , Weerasinghe W. M. P. B. , Mahipala M. B. P. Kumara
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The basal fertilizer recommendation for growing hybrid fodder sorghum varieties in uplands involves relatively high quantities of Urea, TSP, and MOP, with rates of 100:90:65 kg/ha for SX-17 and 150:62:37 kg/ha for Dairy green. For both initial and ratoon crops, it is recommended to apply 150 kg/ha of urea as a top dressing. This study investigated the impact of reducing the fertilizer application rate to 75% and employing alternative agronomic practices on hybrid fodder sorghum varieties grown in lowland fallow paddy fields in the dry zone during the Yala and third seasons.Research Method: The agronomic management practices, including four basal fertilizer rates (Urea:TSP: MOP) of 100:90:65 (BD1), 150:62:37 (BD2), 75:68:49 (BD3), and 113:47:28 (BD4); two top-dressing urea fertilizer rates of 150 (TD1) and 112.5 kg/ha (TD2); two plant spacing configurations of 45x30 (WS) and 45x15 cm (NS); and two irrigation interval regimes, 5 days up to 30 days followed by 8 days (SI) and 7 days up to 30 days followed by 10 days (LI) were investigated. These factors were combined into four agronomic management packages: AMP1 (BD1, TD1, WS, SI), AMP2 (BD2, TD1, NS, SI), AMP3 (BD3, TD2, WS, LI), and AMP4 (BD4, TD2, NS, LI). The study used a split-plot design with three replicates and assessed various parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, plant weight, leaf area index (LAI), number of tillers, and fodder yield in both the initial fodder sorghum crop and the first ratoon crop. The crops were harvested when 50% of the panicles on the plants were at the milk and dough grain stages.Findings: The initial crop exhibited significantly heavier plants having wider stems when grown with higher fertilizer rates, wider plant spacing, and shorter irrigation intervals in AMP1. Irrespective of fertilizer rate and irrigation interval, the initial crops tended to have higher LAI with narrow plant spacing in AMP2 and AMP4. In the ratoon crops, wider plant spacing in AMP1 and AMP3 resulted in clumps with a greater number of tillers and heavier plants. However, the ratoon crops also exhibited higher LAI with narrow plant spacing in AMP2 and AMP4. Total fodder dry matter yield (DMY) in AMP2 and AMP4 with narrow plant spacing was significantly greater for both varieties. Furthermore, the DMY was not affected by fertilizer rate and irrigation interval.Value: Hybrid fodder sorghum varieties (SX-17 and Dairygreen) cultivated at higher plant density, along with reduced fertilizer (75%) and irrigation, can produce comparable fodder yield (21.1 and 26.1 MT/ha, respectively) to those grown at lower plant density with more fertilizer and irrigation (24.6 and 28.1 MT/ha, respectively) in lowland paddy fields during Yala and third seasons in the dry zone.
Identification of Pre-analytical Errors in the Laboratory of National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sri Lanka
Authors: Koggalage P. D. , Madhubhashini M. P. G. D. , Abeysinghe D. U. , Abeywickrama G. R. D. M.
Published: May 2024

Background: Laboratory investigations are the backbone of the diagnosis of diseases. Previous studies have shown that more than 70% of clinical laboratory specimens have to be rejected due to pre-analytical errors.Objective: To determine the sample error rate and identify the causes of sample errors to prevent pre-analytical errors on a laboratory basis.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Details were recorded on a data sheet from the received blood samples which were rejected. Sample rejection criteria were described using a formula.Results: The overall sample rejection rate was found to be 71.15%. Incomplete request forms accounted for 54.2% of sample rejections for biochemical samples, while mislabelled blood samples accounted for 35.1% of sample rejections for complete blood counts.Conclusion: According to the study findings, it has shown that relevant healthcare workers should pay more attention to patient investigations relevant to blood samples to provide appropriate patient management with minimal errors in investigation reports.
Breath-holding Spells in Pediatrics: Clinicolaboratory Findings and Cardiac Repolarization Changes
Authors: Gamal El-Din Hadeer Mahmoud , Gaber Rana Ahmed , Abo Elnour Sara I.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Breath-holding spells (BHS) are a benign common problem in young children. Autonomic nervous system dysregulation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. BHS may be associated with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to explore the clinicolaboratory profile of children with BHS, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography (ECHO) findings.

Methods:

The study included 50 children with breath-holding spells (BHS) and 50 controls, enrolled over 16 months. Clinical evaluation involved detailed history-taking, physical examination, and growth assessment. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels. Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were analyzed for corrected QT interval (QTc) and QTc dispersion (QTcd). Echocardiography (ECHO) studies were conducted to exclude primary cardiac diseases. Ethical approval was obtained, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.”The study included 50 children with breath-holding spells (BHS) and 50 controls, enrolled over 16 months. Clinical evaluation involved detailed history-taking, physical examination, and growth assessment. Laboratory investigations , Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings and Echocardiography (ECHO) studies were conducted and were analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of our children was 35 ± 20 months with their ages ranging from 11 to 84 months. Thirty-one children were male (62%) and 19 were female (38%). Cyanotic spells were present in 35 (70%) children, 7 (14%) children were of the pallid type, and 8 (16%) children were of the mixed type. Detailed history, laboratory tests (complete blood count, serum iron, and serum ferritin), ECG, and ECHO were done. Anemia was found in 66% of them (44% had IDA). The corrected QT interval (QTc) was 0.45 ± 0.02 s, 16% of children had prolonged QTc (>0.46 s), and QTc dispersion (QTcd) was 0.03 ± 0.02 s. We found a highly significant difference (P = 0.001) between cases and controls as regards QTc values, and no significant difference (P = 0.32) between the two groups as regards QTcd values.

Conclusions:

The cyanotic type is more common than the pallid and mixed types of BHS. IDA is a common finding in BHS. QTc is increased in children with BHS, which is a sign of cardiac repolarization changes. Therefore, the use of ECG for the diagnosis of rhythm abnormalities in these children is reasonable.
A study of mydriatic effect on intraocular pressure and anterior chamber angle morphology by anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Prabhakar Srinivasapuram Krishnacharya , Hiremath Meghana
Published: May 2024

Context

Pharmacological mydriasis possibly is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) rise and anterior chamber angle changes. Hence, this study is focused on pressure analysis with anterior segment optical coherence tomography measurements of angle parameters during various dilation phases.

Aims

Purpose is to investigate IOP variations during dilation phases and to discover association of anterior segment optical coherence tomography measurements.

Settings and design

Observational study.

Patients and methods

Thirty-two participants were recruited and IOP measured by rebound tonometer in pre, mid, and full pupillary dilation phases. Lens vault (LV at horizontal and vertical), angle opening distance (AOD at 500 and 750 μm) and trabecular iris space area (TISA at 500 and 750 μm) in temporal and nasal scans were quantified. Paired t test performed to establish a statistical significance P value less than or equal to 0.05.

Statistical analysis used

MS Excel.

Results

A total of 32 participants with mean age of 47.5±10.94 years consisting of 17 (53.13%) males and 15 (46.87%) females with 20 (62.5%) right and 12 (37.5%) left eyes were investigated. Mean IOP in pre, mid, and full-dilation phases were 14.86±2.87, 15.94±2.72, and 15.63±2.69 mmHg. Predilation IOP with IOP in mid and full dilation showed statistical significance (P=0.0001, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.56) and 0.88 and 0.85 Pearson’s coefficients, respectively. IOP analysis with LV, AOD, and TISA in pre, mid, and full-dilation phases exhibited a significant difference (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

This research highlights an increase in IOP alongside a noteworthy decrease in the average LV by 30.94 μm during mid-dilation compared to the predilation phase. Likewise, the AOD at 750 μm demonstrated a significant reduction by 0.40 and 0.45 μm in temporal scans during mid and full dilation, respectively, while TISA remained unchanged.
Lifestyle-related determinants of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) across various age groups in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Zoha Imtiaz , Iqbal Sehar , Zafar Saira , Anees Mariam , Shah Hassan Bin Usman , Farooq Umar , Abid Juweria , Akram Sajeela , Ghazanfar Madiha , Ahmad Abdul Momin Rizwan
Published: May 2024

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 58% of the total deaths in Pakistan. Modifiable risk factors, including physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and tobacco and alcohol use, are the major contributors to NCDs. Their prevalence and causal factors vary among age groups, and the aim of this review is to assess these differences and their causes. A search in “Google Scholar” AND “PubMed” showed a total of 31,200 articles after using the appropriate keywords. After adjusting for time period and relevance, 66 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria such as being in the English language, published within the last 10 years, and containing information on lifestyle risk factors of NCDs in adolescent, adult, and elderly age groups. The prevalence of physical activity in adolescents, adults, and the elderly is 20, 34.8, and 15.7%, respectively. Unhealthy diets have been observed in 20.9% of adolescents and 96.5% of adult NCD patients, while 78% of the elderly reported good eating habits. Smoking is prevalent in 15% of college students, 40% of adult males, and 22% of the geriatric male population. Interventions targeted toward the prevention and management of NCDs should consider the role age plays in the development of these diseases and how the prevalence of these risk factors differs among them. Specific considerations need to be put into place when dealing with adolescents and the elderly to reduce the national and global burden of disease.
Combined convolution recurrent neural network for the classification of dysarthria speech
Authors: Mahendran M. , Visalakshi R. , Balaji S.
Published: May 2024

Dysarthria is a neuromotor articulation condition that affects a person and weakens their tongue and lip muscles, and it additionally affects their capability to talk. Diffusion of factors, such as numbness, terrible coordination, and susceptible speech-generating muscle groups, can contribute to the condition. Cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disorder, stroke, or some other kind of traumatic brain harm might also lead to dysarthria. People with dysarthria are not able to talk on a consistent basis because their speech is unclear and their phonemes are spoken irregularly because of trouble transferring the tongue, lips, and jaw as easily as in everyday speech. Dysarthric speech is stated to be 15 times slower than an ordinary speech.
Trends in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Incidence, Clinical, and Angiographic Features
Authors: Bahar Ashari , Fatahillah Laode Muhammad , Kurnianto Ivan , Mardiana  , Salusu Santi , Hayyatunnufus  , Halim Wijoyo , Jaelani Amaludin
Published: May 2024

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), thrombosis of the dural sinus, cerebral veins, or both, is a rare cerebrovascular disease. Although mortality rates after CVT have declined over time, this condition can result in devastating neurologic outcomes. CVT is estimated to account for <1% of all strokes. Unlike arterial strokes, CVT tends to affect young patients with a female predominance, is often nonapoplectic in onset, and has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. These and other features make CVT a challenging disease to diagnose without an understanding of its evolving epidemiology, clinical features, associated conditions, and the neuroimaging findings typically needed to confirm the diagnosis. Methods: This descriptive study retrospectively collected 39 CVT cases in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Makassar. Data were taken from patients’ medical records, radiological records, and catheter lab data records. The clinical manifestation and angiographic findings variables of consecutive CVT cases that had digital subtraction angiography (DSA) between January 2017 and December 2023 were analyzed. Results: This study was conducted on a total of 39 CVT patients with a mean age of 42.26 ± 12.98 years, mostly female 53.84%. The most clinical manifestation was vascular headache (87.2%). Presentation of hemiparesis was 30.8%, diplopia was 20.5%, and seizure 10.3%. Based on angiographic findings, most thrombosis is located in the cavernous sinus, as many as 41%, followed by superior sinus sagitalis (SSS), as many as 30.8%, and tranversus sinus (25.6%). The patient with the manifestation of vascular headache was female and located in the cavernous sinus. All patients presented with diplopia were located in the cavernous sinus. Conclusion: Most of CVT’s patients were female and of productive age, with the most clinical presentation was vascular headache followed by focal neurological deficits like hemiparesis and diplopia. Based on angiographic findings, mostly thrombosis is located in the cavernous sinus, followed with the superior sagitalis sinus (SSS). The characteristics of patient CVT with vascular headaches mostly were female with thrombosis located in the cavernous sinus.
Effect of polar fractions of Marsilea crenata C. Presl. leaves in zebrafish locomotor activity
Authors: Ma’arif Burhan , Anwar Mohamad Fajrul , Hidayatullah Hidayatullah , Muslikh Faisal Akhmal , Suryadinata Arief , Sugihantoro Hajar , Mirza Denis Mery , Maulina Novia , Taek Maximus M.
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are pathological conditions initiated by the loss of neuronal cell structure and the progressive decline in function caused by prolonged neuroinflammation. Postmenopausal women are at a high risk of experiencing NDs due to estrogen deficiency in their bodies, necessitating the administration of phytoestrogens as a replacement for estrogen in the body. One alternative therapy is administering phytoestrogens, estrogen-like substances from plants, which can be obtained from Marsilea crenata C. Presl. leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of the n-butanol fraction (BF) and water fraction (WF) of M. crenata leaves could increase locomotor activity in rotenone-induced zebrafish. Treatment was given to each group of zebrafish with BF and WF at doses of 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ppm to determine the locomotor activity. Then an analysis was carried out by looking at each movement of the zebrafish swimming for 1 min at the time of observation on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The result showed that BF and WF significantly increased the locomotor activity of zebrafish at the optimum dose of 20 ppm for BF and 5 ppm for WF compared to the negative control. This concludes that the polar fraction of M. crenata leaves is proven to have the potential to prevent ND progressivity.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the aqueous extracts of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F Pruski as anti-breast cancer agents
Authors: Mardina Vivi , Fadlly Teuku Andi , Harmawan Tisna , Sufriadi Elly , Iqramullah Muhammad , Umar Hamdani , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: May 2024

The invasive plant, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J. F. Pruski, has been known for its bioactivities and used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonetheless, previous research has not directly compared the effectiveness of the plant parts in producing the AuNPs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the flower and leaf of S. trilobata in synthesizing AuNPs. S. trilobata leaves and flowers were separately extracted using distilled water at 60°C for 30 min. The leaf and flower extracts were mixed with the HAuCl. 3H2O and heated to 60°C for 30 min to yield AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt, respectively. AuNPs were also prepared using trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) as a control. The resultant AuNPs were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and anticancer activity– 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against MCF-7 cells. The AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt were revealed to have better stability and smaller particle diameters. AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt had average particle diameters of 11.86 ± 3.37 and 34.86 ± 23.56 nm, respectively. Agglomeration was predominantly observed in AuNPs synthesized using the flower or leaf extract as stipulated to be affected by the insufficient capping agent and intense hydrolytic reaction. AuNPs-AFSt had higher DPPH antioxidant activity than AuNPs-ALSt with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of IC50 123.44 and 168.83 ppm, respectively. Both AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt could inhibit 80% growth of the MCF-7; however, at lower concentrations, inhibitory effects were more pronounced in AuNPs-AFSt. Aqueous extracts of S. trilobata flowers and leaves could be used to synthesize AuNPs, whereas the former yielded AuNPs with higher biological activities.
Evaluation of pulp tissue dissolution capacity through different sodium hypochlorite agitation protocols
Authors: Vilela Diego Gomes , Campos Gustavo Oliveira , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , De Martin Alexandre Sigrist , Da Silveira Bueno Carlos Eduardo , Kato Augusto Shoji
Published: May 2024

Aims:

This ex vivo study aimed to assess the dissolving capacity of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using eight agitation protocols within swine pulp tissue.

Subjects and Methods:

Twelve lower first premolars were prepared and split into the fragments with a groove housing porcine dental pulp. Groups were assigned based on agitation systems: manual, passive ultrasonic, Easy Clean and XP-Endo Finisher. Two agitation time protocols were applied: One min (3 s × 20 s cycles) and 2 min (6 s × 20 s cycles). Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the groups.

Results:

Both time frames demonstrated superior results compared to manual group (P > 0.5). However, in the two min groups, no significant differences were observed among the other protocols (P < 0.5). Intriguingly, increasing cycle numbers significantly improved results within each group (P > 0.5).

Conclusion:

Extending the chemical agitation time during final irrigation enhances tissue removal, regardless of the irrigation protocol employed.
Diffuse Allergic Reaction to Patent Blue Dye for Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Jin Ling , Yu Jyh-Cherng , Hong Zhi-Jie , Liao Guo-Shiou
Published: May 2024

We present the case of a 59-year-old Taiwanese female who is married and retired, and was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in her right breast at stage cT1cN0 (Stage IA). She visited us for further treatment and underwent breast-conserving surgery after communication. During the surgery in the operating room, Patent Blue V was injected to localize the sentinel lymph nodes. At the same time, the patient developed blue-colored urticaria around her whole body skin after the blue dye injection. This rare reaction alerted us to pay attention to the patient’s vital signs and prevent a severe allergic reaction, but her vital signs remained stable throughout the operation process. Although her vital signs were stable when she returned to the nursing ward, the patient required more time to recover, possibly due to her allergic predisposition.
Candy Closure: A Novel Technique for Closing Small Skin Defects
Authors: Mohan Amitabh , Rangwala Murtuza , Chandaka Ganesh M
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Local advancement flap is an important tool in the hands of reconstructive surgeons, whereas doing closure of the defect local tissue provides the best match. In this study, we describe a new technique for the closure of defects up to the size of 8 cm.

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective intervention and observation study where we perform the candy closure technique to close the defect created after excising the skin lesion. This is an advancement flap technique where flaps are advanced and the defect is closed. This is a better technique to close the small skin defect.

Results:

In this study, we perform the candy closure technique in 43 patients without any flap loss or any major complication. The scar quality was fair to good and it was acceptable to the patient. The defect was closed primarily so the requirement of dressing was alleviated and the patient could return to work early.

Conclusion:

The candy closure technique is a safe and effective advancement flap for the closure of defects using surrounding skin. The technique can be used to close small defects where redundant skin is amiable in the surroundings.
Novel use of intraprocedural ibutilide during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Banerjee Arnab , Bhattacharya Kuntal , Majumder Suchit
Published: May 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to occur during electrophysiology studies during the induction of supraventricular tachycardia, especially with isoprenaline. If AF is sustained ablation becomes challenging. DC cardioversion (DCCV) is preferred as medications like amiodarone alters subsequent analysis. We report a 45-year-old female with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) (induced with isoprenaline), who developed spontaneous AF, which recurred several times (despite successful DCCV). It was finally controlled with ibutilide. She was taken up after 1 h when AVNRT could be reinduced without any occurrence of AF. The AV nodal property was altered minimally. Radiofrequency ablation could be successfully performed. This is the first report of ibutilide-aided AVNRT ablation, which appears feasible and does not affect inducibility.
Exploring the association between microscopic colitis and celiac disease: A comprehensive analysis using the national in-patient data (2016–2019)
Authors: Altawili Abdullah , Albalawi Mohammed A. , Albalawi Saeed A. , Alyami Dhafer M. , Alatawi Abdulrahman A. , Albalawi Khalid S. , Alghassab Muath A. , Alotaibi Turki F. O. , Althobaiti Alanoud A. H. , Abu-Zaid Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Background:

Several investigations suggested correlation between microscopic colitis (MC) and celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to examine this relationship using large-sized, population-based data with adequate control for confounding factors.

Methods:

This study employed the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database over 4 years (2016–2019). Patients with/without MC in the presence/absence of CD were identified through ICD-10 codes. Univariate and multi-variate analyses involving odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed.

Results:

Overall, 26,836,118 patients were analyzed. Of whom, 6,836 patients had MC (n = 179 with CD and n = 6,657 without CD). The mean hospital stay was not significantly different between both groups (5.42 ± 5.44 days vs. 4.95 ± 4.66 days, P = 0.202). The univariate analysis revealed a significant association between MC and CD (OR = 22.69, 95% [19.55, 26.33], P < 0.0001). In the multi-variate analysis, which adjusted for potential confounders including age, race, hospital region, hospital teaching status, ZIP income, smoking status, alcohol overuse, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lipidemia-related disorders, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and selected auto-immune diseases, the association remained significant (OR = 15.71, 95% CI [13.52, 18.25], P < 0.0001). Moreover, in patients with MC, the presence of CD emerged as a significant, independent variable of in-hospital mortality in univariate (OR = 2.87, 95% [1.14, 7.21], P = 0.025) and multi-variate (OR = 3.37, 95% CI [1.32, 8.60], P = 0.011) analyses.

Conclusion:

This study establishes a probable link between MC and CD, backed by both univariate and multi-variate analyses, while also identifying CD as an independent risk factor for increased mortality among MC patients. These findings need to be validated in real-world clinical studies.