bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drenagem torácica
Authors: De Azambuja Marina Ilha , De Castro Junior Miguel Angelo Martins
Published: July 2021

A drenagem torácica é um procedimento comum na prática diária realizada para drenar fluido, sangue ou ar de cavidade pleural. A drenagem efetiva requer um dreno posicionado adequadamente e um sistema de drenagem unidirecional hermético para manter a pressão intrapleural subatmosférica. Isso permite drenagem do conteúdo pleural e reexpansão do pulmão. Este capítulo aborda conceitos essenciais da drenagem torácica, com o objetivo de organizar o suporte téorico para a realização do procedimento.
Chemopreventive Effect of Statin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis
Authors: Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Al-Yaman Wael , Butler Robert S. , Carey William , McCullough Arthur , Romero-Marrero Carlos
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:

To estimate the annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced liver fibrosis, to determine the risk factors for the development of HCC, and to evaluate the chemoprotective effect of statin use stratified by fibrosis stage.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study at 2 US tertiary academic centers, including patients with NASH-related advanced liver fibrosis (bridging fibrosis [F3] and cirrhosis [F4]) followed between July 2002 and June 2016. Patients were followed from the date of diagnosis to the time of last abdominal imaging, liver transplantation, or HCC diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with HCC development, stratified by fibrosis stage.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,072 patients were included: 122 patients with F3 fibrosis and 950 patients with cirrhosis. No HCC was observed during 602 person-year follow-up among F3 patients. Among patients with cirrhosis, HCC developed in 82 patients with the annual incidence rate of 1.90 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53–2.35). Multivariable analysis in patients with cirrhosis demonstrated that HCC development was associated with male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 4.06, 95% CI, 2.54–6.51, P < 0.001), older age (HR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03–1.08, P < 0.001), and CTP score (HR, 1.38, 95% CI, 1.18–1.60, P < 0.001). Statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC (HR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.24–0.67, P = 0.001). Each 365 increment in cumulative defined daily dose of statin use reduced HCC risk by 23.6%.

DISCUSSION:

Our findings suggest that patients with NASH and bridging fibrosis have a low risk of HCC. Dose-dependent statin use reduced HCC risk significantly in patients with NASH cirrhosis.
Horta na escola
Authors: Silva Alysson Rodrigo Fonseca e , Melo Gabriella Ribeiro Coelho , Caetano Mariana , Fonseca Ana Paula Martins
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do projeto “Horta na escola” foi promover a Educação Ambiental, bem como despertar valores socioambientais, utilizando a horta como estratégia didático-pedagógica, na Escola Estadual Armando Nogueira, em Divinópolis-MG. Participaram das atividades duas turmas do 6º ano (n = 43 alunos), duas turmas do 7º ano (n = 45), duas turmas do 8º (n = 46) e duas turmas do 9º ano (n = 49), correspondendo a um total de 183 estudantes, e quatro professores, além de dois funcionários da escola que auxiliaram na confecção da horta. Além da horta, foi proposta a criação de uma composteira, visando o aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos provenientes da cozinha escolar. As ações foram conduzidas de forma que os estudantes pudessem participar na preparação dos canteiros, semeadura das hortaliças, confecção e uso da composteira. As atividades permitiram trabalhar diversos conteúdos, como reciclagem de matéria orgânica, nutrição humana, solo e interações ecossistêmicas. Foram ministradas também duas palestras, uma sobre reciclagem e a outra sobre a importância de uma boa alimentação, cada uma envolvendo um montante de 172 e 183 estudantes respectivamente. O projeto de extensão mostrou-se uma importante ferramenta de Educação Ambiental, aumentando o interesse, aprendizado e a conscientização do público envolvido.
Educação em saúde sobre antimicrobianos para usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Nascimento Juan Carlos Campos do , Ramos Miriam Sofia Duarte Barreto , Melo Juliana Félix de
Published: July 2021

O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever a experiência vivenciada por acadêmicos de medicina no desenvolvimento e na execução de atividades de educação em saúde sobre o uso correto de antimicrobianos junto a usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde na cidade de Parnaíba, Piauí. As atividades educativas foram realizadas em seis unidades, no período entre abril e dezembro de 2019, por dois estudantes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba. Os graduandos desenvolveram um jogo do tipo quiz e um folder informativo sobre o uso correto dos antimicrobianos e passaram, de forma lúdica, informações importantes sobre esse tema à comunidade. Tais atividades oportunizaram aos discentes envolvidos a aplicação do conhecimento científico para fora do ambiente acadêmico, impactando positivamente na saúde dos indivíduos. Foi percebido o quanto a falta de informação pode contribuir para hábitos nocivos. Além do mais, a realização deste trabalho possibilitou o aprimoramento dos conhecimentos sobre o tema, o incentivo à coletividade e estímulo à criatividade dos estudantes.
Nonlinear Extended State Observer based Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Laser Seeker System
Authors: Ferdjali Abdellah , Lechekhab Taki Eddine , Manojlović Stojadin , Stanković Momir , Madonski Rafal , Bujakovic Dimitrije
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the laser seeker control problem is solved in the framework of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The considered problem, which consists of laser seeker stabilisation and target tracking, is expressed here as a regulation problem. A nonlinear extended state observer (NESO) with varying gains is used to improve the performance of linear ESO (LESO), and thus enable better control performance in both transient period and steady-state, with lower control effort. Based on a detailed analysis of system disturbances, a special ADRC tuning method is proposed. The stability of the overall control structure is analysed with a description function method. Through comparative simulations LESO-based and the introduced NESO-based ADRC for the laser seeker system, the advantages of the proposed scheme are shown.
Designing a Cavity Backed Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Isolation for the Development of a Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Raha Krishnendu , Ray K.P.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an improved design of a rectangular microstrip antenna at 920 MHz by backing it with an appropriate cavity wall to enhance the isolation between the transmitter and receiver antenna for use in applications, where the weak received power gets masked by the direct coupled power between two antennas. Antennas having 0.12 λ cavity wall with separation gap of 0.36 λ resulted in an isolation of 52.6 dB at a resonance frequency of 920 MHz with maximum and minimum isolation of 71.4 dB and 49.1 dB, respectively for 5% BW of the antenna designed. These antennas were fabricated and tested, which are used in the development of Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar with an online graphical user interface; leading to the validation of the usefulness of proposed antennas. The isolation achieved at an optimised separation of the antennas enabled detection of metal targets as small as a bunch of wire buried 20 cm in the soil and non-metal, like wood and plastic buried in soil. It enabled the detection of a circular steel target of radius 12.5 cm buried at a depth of 65 cm in loose semi-dry pebbled soil.
Application of Sigma Point Particle Filter Method for Passive State Estimation in Underwater
Authors: Divya G. Naga , Rao S. Koteswara
Published: July 2021

Bearings-only tracking (BOT) plays a vital role in underwater surveillance. In BOT, measurement is tangentially related to state of the system. This measurement is also corrupted with noise due to turbulent underwater environment. Hence state estimation process using BOT becomes nonlinear. This necessitates the use of nonlinear filtering algorithms in place of traditional linear filters like Kalman filter. In general, these nonlinear filters utilize the assumption of measurements being corrupted with Gaussian noise for state estimation. The measurements cannot be always corrupted with Gaussian noise because of the highly unstable sea environment. These problems indicate the necessity for development of nonlinear non-Gaussian filters like particle filter (PF) for underwater tracking. However, PF suffers from severe problems like sample degeneracy and impoverishment and also it is tedious to select an appropriate technique for resampling. To overcome these difficulties in PF implementation, the strategy of combining PF with another filter like unscented Kalman filter is proposed for target’s state estimation. The detailed analysis of the same is presented in comparison with other particle filter combinations using the simulation results obtained in Matlab.
Blockchain Enabled Reparations in Smart Buildings Cyber Physical System
Authors: Tiwari Anupam , Batra Usha
Published: July 2021

Blockchain technology is evolving across the globe and is being looked upon as a definite part of the future. Blockchain is often associated with bitcoin and finance’s domain. But over the last decade, this backend technology to bitcoin has spread its association in almost all domains that we can think of. Further to this, smart contracts are making the blockchain ecosystem better. Other evolving technologies like Internet-of-things, Industrial Internet-of things, Cyber physical systems are also making their onset on the global platform. Smart buildings link Internet of-things connectivity, sensors and the cloud to remotely supervise and assure efficient heating- air conditioning, lighting and security systems etc to improve efficiency and overall sustainability. The global buildings sector over the next 40 years is expected to add 230 billion square meters of fresh construction, i.e., adding the equivalent of Paris every week. Thus integrating these technologies right at the onset, before they grow in isolation, is a coveted need today. This paper proposes a prototype to simulate architecture and discusses how blockchain-enabled smart buildings can further expedite automation, security and transparency. For an apprehension purpose, the paper focuses on smart contracts enabled repairs and service in smart buildings.
Qualification Testing, Evaluation and Test Methods of Gas Generator for IEDs Applications
Authors: Parate Bhupesh Ambadas , Deodhar K.D. , Dixit V.K.
Published: July 2021

In this work, the design qualification testing, evaluation and test methods of gas generator using double base (DB) propellant having square flake shape is explained for an improvised explosive devices (IEDs) applications. Various kinds of the gas generators are used to save life of an aeronaut in the fastest way from the disable fighter aircraft. Due to their ruggedised design, compactness, safe transportation, repeatability in performance and quick operation, the gas generator are used. The gas generator is designed and developed keeping functional, mechanical and structural requirements in mind. The gas generators are subjected to the various qualification tests, electrical characterisation followed by closed vessel (CV) firings at hot and cold temperatures. The gas generators after the successful qualification tests are validated through the ground trials i.e. dynamic firing of disruptor during the development phase. The damage caused due to impact of the projectile is assessed in terms of crater as acceptance criteria at stand-off distance of 0.5 m and 1m. The gas generator discussed in this research article is used to disrupt the suspected IEDs by creating a high-speed jet using water-jet disruptor. In conclusion, after successful qualification testing, the gas generator for IEDs application meets all the specifications as per user’s requirements.
Evaluation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Flaxseed Fiber Bundles
Authors: Azhar Sayed Waqar , Xu Fujun , Qiu Yiping
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, rational management of agricultural residues presented a new approach for extraction, characterization, and utilization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). In this context, the valorization of flaxseed fibers, providing an annual yield of millions of metric tons, as an abundant sustainable fiber source, was carried out. The cleaned and ground raw material was delignified and bleached, followed by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO oxidization along with mechanical homogenization. The resulting extracted cellulose and cellulose nanofibers were characterized by various analytical methods. The overall yield of CNF based on the raw material was 31.2% ± 1.5%. This study explored a simple method for converting flaxseed fibers to fluorescent, high quality, nano-sized cellulosic precursors for novel applications in pharmaceutical and bio-composite applications.
Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pencegahan Filariasis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Waihaong dan Air Salobar Kota Ambon
Authors: Iwan Ressita Fannia , Titaley Christiana Rialine , Taihuttu Yuniasih , Krentel Alison
Published: July 2021

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is an infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes. Mass drug administration (MDA) for LF is used in endemic areas to stop transmission and prevent disability due to LF. This study aims to identify factors associated with overall compliance with the MDA in 2018 in the catchment areas of Waihaong and Air Salobar Health Centers, Ambon. Method: This analysis used data derived from a survey conducted by the Faculty of Medicine Pattimura University, Ambon, in January 2019. We used information from 745 subjects who received LF drugs in both study areas. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with community compliance with taking filariasis drugs. Results: Our study found that only 67% of the community swallowed LF drugs (60,3% in Waihaong and 72,6% in Air Salobar). Higher compliance with swallowing the LF drugs was found in respondents living in the catchment area of Air Salobar Health Center (OR=2,01, 95%CI:1,42-2,86, P-value<0,001);with a high level of knowledge (OR=1,91, 95%CI:1,34-2,74, P-value<0,001 and with a high sense of trust towards the drugs deliverers (OR=4,93, 95%CI:2,17-11,22, Pvalue<0,001). Furthermore, respondents who felt a high moral obligation to take the drugs (OR=2,39, 95%CI:1,15-4,94, P-value=0,019); and received social support to take the drugs (OR=5,12, 95%CI:3,18-8,23, P-value<0,001) were also more likely to comply with treatment. This study shows that health promotion interventions to increase community awareness and knowledge are still required in Ambon City despite many rounds of mass drug administration. Various educational media and efforts to increase knowledge and capabilities of the drug deliverers are essential to improve community compliance with taking LF drugs.
Bt corn growing information system in Cagayan Province, Philippines: An analysis for enhanced extension delivery service
Authors: Hernando-Valdez Marissa , Delos Trinos Cecilia H
Published: July 2021

The adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn gene has increased production and agricultural information exchange plays a vital role towards sustained production growth. The study examined the information system by assessing the usefulness of information, frequency of consultations and strength of information exchange in Bt corn production in Cagayan Province, Philippines. Using descriptive correlation design, it was revealed that both technical and economic information from all sources were rated useful. Technical information on seed variety, land preparation, weather forecast, soil management and fertilizer application are frequently utilized while on the economic information only current market prices was frequently used. Frequency of Consultation with personal information sources gained the highest mean value of 5.02 signifying a two to three times exchange of information. Public information sources obtained an average mean of 2.80 which means four or five times contact in a year. This reveals the gap between the corn growers and public information sources. For the mass media sources, both radio (4.56) and television (4.72) are frequently used at two to three times a month. Personal information sources showed strong (224.25 IS) exchange of information between and among the Bt corn growers which comprise their communication network. Total information scores from public and mass media information sources revealed weak exchange of information. The total information score is significantly correlated with membership to organization, years of membership, nature of membership, land ownership and position in the farm. Total information score from friends, radio and newspaper showed significant relationship with income. Thus, information exchange with friends, listening to radio and reading newspaper had a significant influence on the increase of corn growers’ income.
Phytochemical, pharmacological and tissue culture studies of some important species of the genus Barleria L. (Acanthaceae) - a review
Authors: Sudheer W N , Praveen Nagella
Published: July 2021

Ayurvedic sciences helped the early humans to overcome chronic dangerous diseases. There are thousands of varieties of herbs and medicinal plants used to overcome such dreadful diseases. The genus Barleria L. belongs to family Acanthaceae, a medicinally significant group of plants having diversified phytochemicals used for different pharmacological properties. It has been utilized since ancient times for medicinal purposes. It has many plant secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, lignins, alkaloids, particularly the iridoid glycosides. The secondary metabolites extracted from Barleria spp. show potential pharmacological activities viz., anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fertility, anti-arthritic and anti-ulcer activity. In view of these, present review is focused on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and tissue culture studies of some of the important species of the genus Barleria L.
Diversity and inventorization of angiospermic flora in Dibrugarh district, Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Gogoi Pranati , Nath Namita
Published: July 2021

The floristic composition of the Dibrugarh District of Assam has remained unexplored and the present study on Angiosperms addresses this fact. A total of 462 species of flowering plants belonging to 334 genera under 106 families recorded as per the APG IV system of classification and 116 families were recorded according to Bentham and Hooker system. 39% of native species were included in superorder Superrosids, 29% from superorder Superasterids, 18% from superorder Monocots and 7% from superorder Magnoliids. The orders with the highest number of native species were Lamiales (35), Malpighiales (29), Rosales (26), Gentianales (23), Sapindales (18), Fagales (19), Alismatales (17), Poales (14), Zingiberales (13) and Laurales (11) which accounted for 60.8% of the species. A total of 129 non-native or invasive species were represented in 12 superorders. Habit analysis showed that herbs were represented by the highest proportion followed by trees, shrubs and climbers. Twenty species are listed under various IUCN threat categories and one species under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Traditional uses of some reported species were also documented. The present study was conducted to understand the diversity of local flora, which can be helpful in the conservation of natural vegetation and sustainable utilisation of resources in this region.
Nikifor i „Genko-wariat”. Wgląd w ekfrastyczne transgresje polsko-bułgarskie
Authors: Opacka-Walasek Danuta
Published: July 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu są ekfrastyczne reprezentacje postaci i malarstwa Epifaniusza Drowniaka oraz Genko Ivana Genkova (nazywanego „Genką-wariatem”), funkcjonującew rejestrach literackich, krytycznych i publicystycznych. Rewelatorska twórczość, traumatyczne biografie obu artystów posiadają potencjał legendotwórczy; byli oni podobnie stygmatyzowani, wykluczani przez swoją odmienność. W ustrojowych warunkach powojennych Polski i Bułgarii podlegali licznym deprecjacjom jako kłopotliwi politycznie Łemko i dysydent, podczas gdy ich obrazy uchodziły za paszporty tych krajów do światowej sztuki. Ekfrastyczne i hypotypiczne uobecnienia malarstwa, osobowości („sur une idée du tableau”, „sur une image de l’artiste”) Nikifora i Genkova są w artykule podstawą analizy porównawczej i interpretacji m. in. w aspektach wykluczenia, transgresji, performansu.
CFD simulation of the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation reaction in the fixed bed reactor with a cylindrical catalyst of various sizes
Authors: Solovev Sergei A. , Soloveva Olga V. , Paluku Daniel L. , Lamberov Alexander A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the Discrete Element Method of simulation was used to study the catalytic granule size effect on the efficiency of a bed reactor for the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation reaction. The model constructed for the laboratory experiment was made of catalyst granules of lengths 3, 6 and 9 mm, and diameters 2.8, 3, and 3.2 mm. A detailed evaluation of the catalyst total surface area and porosity effect was conducted owing to the analysis of particles size effect on the packing. Different results were observed for a wide feed gas mixture rate. Calculations performed allowed to deduce dependences of the reaction product concentration, the pressure drops, and the reactor productivity for all the particle sizes investigated.
Systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of glial fibrillary acidic protein vs. S100 calcium binding protein B as blood biomarkers in observational studies of patients with mild or moderate acute traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mastandrea Paolo , Mengozzi Silvia , Bernardini Sergio
Published: July 2021

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and sports-related concussions (SRCs) are the leading causes of hospitalization and death in subjects <45 years old in the USA and Europe. Some biomarkers (BMs) have been used to reduce unnecessary cranial computed tomography (CCT). In recent years, the astroglial S100 calcium-binding B protein (S100B) has prevented approximately 30% of unnecessary CCTs. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has also been studied in direct comparison with S100B. The aim of our cumulative meta-analysis (cMA) is to compare – in the context of hospital emergency departments or SRC conditions – the differences in diagnostic accuracy (DA), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of GFAP and S100B. The main cMA inclusion criterion was the assessment of both BMs in the included subjects since 2010, with blood samples drawn 1–30 h from the suspected TBI or SRC. The risk-of-bias (RoB) score was determined, and both the publication bias (with the Begg, Egger and Duval trim-and-fill tests) and sensitivity (with the box-and-whiskers plot) were analyzed for outliers. Seven studies with 899 subjects and nine observations (samples) were included. The diagnostic odds ratios (dORs) with their prediction intervals (PIs), Se and Sp (analyzed with a hierarchical model to respect the binomial data structure) were assessed, and a random-effects MA and a cMA of the difference in the BMs dOR natural logarithms (logOR(G-S)) between the BMs were performed. The cMA of dOR(G-S) was significant (5.78 (CI 2–16.6)) probably preventing approximately 50% of unnecessary CCTs. Further work is needed to standardize and harmonize GFAP laboratory methods.
An overview of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Patrick J. , Pusica Yanna , Sohaei Dorsa , Prassas Ioannis , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: July 2021

Since its initial outbreak in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the global community. In addition to the negative health consequences of contracting COVID-19, the implementation of strict quarantine and lockdown measures has also disrupted social networks and devastated the global economy. As a result, there is rising concern that the pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of the general population. To better understand its impact, an increasing number of studies examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health and psychosocial implications of enforced quarantine and lockdown. In this article, we aim to review and summarize the findings from a variety of studies that have explored the psychosociological effects of the pandemic and its impact on the mental well-being of the general population. We will also examine how various demographic groups, such as the elderly and youth, can be more susceptible or resilient to the pandemic’s mental health effects. We hope to provide a broader understanding of the underlying causes of mental health issues triggered by the pandemic and provide recommendations that may be employed to address mental health issues in the population over the long-term.
Predicting the molecular mechanism of glucosamine in accelerating bone defect repair by stimulating osteogenic proteins
Authors: Gani Maria Apriliani , Nurhan Ahmad Dzulfikri , Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Khotib Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Bone defect is serious condition that is usually caused by traffic accident. Chitosan is a polymer developed as a scaffold to treat bone defect. However, the mechanism by which chitosan can accelerate bone growth in defect area is still unclear. This study aims to identify proteins which are crucial to the osteogenic properties of chitosan monomer using an in silico study.

Methods

Molecular docking was carried out on chitosan monomer, which are d-glucosamine and glucosamine 6-phosphate units against bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), fibronectin, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), and phosphate transporter (PiT) using AutoDock Vina. Ligand preparation was carried out using Chem3D version 15.0.0.106, while protein preparation was performed using AutoDockTools version 1.5.6.

Results

The results showed that glucosamine 6-phosphate had the best binding affinity with fibronectin and PiT, which was −5.7 kcal mol−1 on both proteins, while d-glucosamine had the best binding affinity with PiT (−5.2 kcal mol−1).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the osteogenic properties of chitosan may be due to the presence of bonds between glucosamine units and fibronectin and/or PiT. However, in vitro studies need to be done to prove this.
Hydration effect on kidney function and serum electrolyte in children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and risk of TLS
Authors: Yulistiani  , Tiffany Claudia , Ugrasena I. Dewa Gede , Qibtiyah Mariyatul
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncology emergency disorder, which may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), arrhythmias, seizures, and sudden death. Hydration is used to prevent TLS in medium-high risk patients, and treatment in TLS patients. According to the pediatric protocol in Dr. Soetomo District General and Teaching Hospital, close monitoring is required to prevent the progression of hematological malignancy towards TLS. The study aimed to analyze the hydration effect on potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels; serum creatinine (sCr); and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level.

Methods

This was an observational and prospective study conducted at Dr. Soetomo District General and Teaching Hospital for four months on 15 pediatric hemato–oncology patients who got TLS and in risk of TLS. Laboratory parameters were observed in 11 days, pre and post hydration.

Results

Among the 15 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were eight TLS patients and seven TLS risk patients. After hydration administration 67% of TLS patients achieved normal potassium level, 75% achieved normal phosphate level, 0% achieved normal calcium level, and 50% achieved normal sCr and BUN levels. Meanwhile, TLS risk patients reached normal level in all parameters. This difference in performance is caused by disease progression.

Conclusions

Hydration can maintain serum electrolytes and renal function in a normal range, preventing TLS in TLS risk patients. In TLS patients, hydration only tends slow the progression of the disease.
In vitro antimalarial activity of Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
Authors: Wijayanti Marsih , Ilmi Hilkatul , Kemalahayati Einstenia , Tumewu Lidya , Wardana Fendi Yoga , Suciati  , Hafid Achmad Fuad , Widyawaruyanti Aty
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The rapid spread of antimalarial drug resistance is becoming a problem in the treatment of malaria. The fact was indicated the importance of finding new antimalarial drugs. The genus Garcinia is well known to be a rich source of bioactive prenylated xanthones and triterpenes reported for their antimalarial activity. Garcinia parvifolia is one of the Garcinia genera that can be explored for the search of new antimalarial drugs. This study was aimed to determine the antimalarial activities of G. parvifolia extracts and fractions.

Methods

Garcinia parvifolia Miq. stem was collected from Balikpapan Botanical Garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was extracted gradually with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol by ultrasonic assisted method. The most active extract was further separated using the open column chromatography method. All extracts and fractions were tested against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and followed by IC50 determination.

Results

The results showed that all extracts inhibit P. falciparum growth by LDH assay. The highest inhibition was showed by dichloromethane stem extract (BP12-S-D) with the IC50 value of 6.61 ± 0.09 μg/mL. Further fractionation of BP12-S-D has obtained 10 fractions. All of them were identified by TLC, and a brownish-yellow spot (fraction-1) appears after spraying with 10% H2SO4. Fraction-1 (F1) performed the highest parasite growth inhibition with the IC50 value of 6.00 ± 0.03 μg/mL compared with other fractions. This fraction was classified as having a promising activity of antimalarial. The fraction-1 was identified using HPLC, and two major peaks were observed (A and B). The UV–Vis spectra showed the absorption at wavelengths 250 and 278 (A), 243, 281, and 317 nm (B). Based on the profile of TLC, HPLC, and UV–Vis spectra of F1, it was expected that the active compounds are flavonoid (A) and xanthone (B).

Conclusions

The fraction-1 of dichloromethane extract of G. parvifolia Miq. stem has the highest antimalarial activity. It might be a potential candidate for the new antimalarial drug.
Analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug regimentation in surgical patients
Authors: Wijaya Dhani , Suharjono  , Matulatan Fendy , Padolo Elfri
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that more than 50% of drugs were prescribed incorrectly, including stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) drugs. Prescribing SUP drugs in incorrect doses and frequencies are considered irrational, and may affects to the effectivity of the therapy. This research aimed to assess the appropriateness of the SUP drugs regimentation in the inpatient surgery room at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods

This research was cross-sectional study and conducted for 4 weeks in 2019 in the inpatient surgery room of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The population was SUP drugs that were prescribed in inpatient surgery room. Those SUP drugs with indications for the prevention of stress-induced ulcers that complied to the terms listed on the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) were included as the samples, and vice versa. The samples then assessed for their regimentation appropriateness using the dose and frequency standard of ASHP.

Results

There were 224 dose units taken as sample, from the total population of 1,404 SUP drugs. The result showed that as much as 48.2% of SUP medications were given to the patients in inappropriate regimentation. Of that number, all ranitidine injection were inappropriately regimented. On the contrary all omeprazole injection dose units were appropriately regimented, meanwhile the amount of appropriate regimentation of sucralfate suspension were 74.6%.

Conclusions

According to ASHP standard, the SUP drugs in the inpatient surgery room at Dr. Soetomo Hospital were mostly given in inappropriate regimentation. Further research is needed to explore how will those inappropriate regimentation affect on the efficacy of therapy in the patients.
Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) leaves
Authors: Dewi Ika P. , Kwintana Rifdah B. , Ulinnuha Jihan U. , Rachman Fadhillah , Christianty Fransiska M. , Holidah Diana
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The sugarcane leaf is rich inphytochemical content. It is rarely used because it is a waste although it has potential activity as antimutation, anti inflammation, and antioxidation. There is no study about its hepatoprotective activity yet. This study was conducted to determine the hepatoprotection of sugarcane leaves in tested animals with liver acute injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Methods

Twenty-four Wistar strain rats were divided into three groups of experimental animals (dose 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg) and three control groups (normal, positive, and negative). The ethanol extract of sugarcane leaves obtained from Panti, Jember, was made using the maceration method. The animals were treated for 14 days by giving the extract to the treatment group. One hour after treatment on the last day, the test animals were given CCl4 intraperitoneally except for the normal group. On the 15th day, the blood of the test animal was taken to be tested for the biochemical value of the liver (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin) and examined for its liver to be made histological preparations.

Results

The results showed that the treatment with a dose of 500 mg/kg was able to decrease AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin parameters compared to the negative control. The extract also provided improvements in liver tissue histology compared to the negative control.

Conclusions

Sugarcane leaf ethanol extract (SCLE) has a potential hepatoprotective effect.
Discovery of new targeting agents against GAPDH receptor for antituberculosis drug delivery
Authors: Noh Muhammad Amirul Asyraf , Fazalul Rahiman Siti Sarah , A Wahab Habibah , Mohd Gazzali Amirah
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern due to the emergence and evolution of multidrug-resistant strains. To overcome this issue, reinforcing the effectiveness of first line antituberculosis agents using targeted drug delivery approach is an option. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GADPH), a common virulence factor found in the pathogenic microorganisms has recently been discovered on the cell-surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, allowing it to be used as a drug target for TB. This study aims to discover active small molecule(s) that target GAPDH and eventually enhance the delivery of antituberculosis drugs.

Methods

Ten ligands with reported in vitro and/or in vivo activities against GAPDH were evaluated for their binding interactions through molecular docking studies using AutoDock 4.2 program. The ligand with the best binding energy was then modified to produce 10 derivatives, which were redocked against GAPDH using previous protocols. BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2019 was used to explore the ligand-receptor interactions between the derivatives and GAPDH.

Results

Among the 10 ligands, curcumin, koningic acid and folic acid showed the best binding energies. Further analysis on the docking of two folic acid derivatives, F7 (γ-{[tert-butyl-N-(6-aminohexyl)]carbamate}folic acid) and F8 (folic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) showed that the addition of a bulky substituent at the carboxyl group of the glutamic acid subcomponent resulted in improved binding energy.

Conclusions

Folic acid and the two derivatives F7 and F8 have huge potentials to be developed as targeting agents against the GAPDH receptor. Further study is currently on-going to evaluate the effectiveness of these molecules in vitro.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Faisal Shah , Khotib Junaidi , Zairina Elida
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Pakistan has taken unprecedented measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Complete lockdown followed by smart lockdown and quarantine centres was established. Their awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 had an impact on the individual behaviour of the precautionary measures. The current study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of university students in Pakistan.

Methods

An online cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Pakistan. A questionnaire containing demographic and KAP information related to COVID-19 has been created.

Results

A total of 358 students responded to the survey, and 353 participants completed the study. Among the respondents, 61.5% were male, 76.8% were single, and 58.4% enrolled in a bachelor’s degree. The results showed that most of the respondents (68%) had good knowledge about COVID-19, while the overall knowledge score was 8.78 ± 1.63 (range 1–10). The majority of the respondents (90.9%) were aware of COVID-19, 95.8% knew the sign and symptoms, and 83% of them knew about its transmission. We found a significant difference in knowledge scores across education and area of study p<0.05. More than half (53.5%) of the respondents were satisfied with the facilities provided by the government of Pakistan. The average practices score among the students was 5.08 ± 1.312. A significant difference was found among practice score and area of study p<0.05.

Conclusions

Most of the students have an adequate level of knowledge and are doing better preventive measures against COVID-19. Health education initiatives are required to ensure best practice among the high-risk groups.
Resveratrol ameliorates physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior
Authors: Ardianto Chrismawan , Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Sumartha I Nengah Budi , Nurrahmi Nurrahmi , Rahmadi Mahardian , Khotib Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Depression is a mental disorder that profoundly affects all aspects of life, but currently, antidepressants have some problems with their effectiveness and side effects. Resveratrol is a compound that has the ability to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This study aimed to determine resveratrol’s effect on physical and psychological stress-induced depressive-like behavior.

Methods

Mice were divided into control, physical stress, psychological stress groups. Treatment was conducted with fluvoxamine 20 mg/kg and resveratrol 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg for seven days. The depressive-like state was evaluated using a forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT).

Results

Physical stress and psychological stress induction increase the immobility time on FST and TST. Besides, there is an increase in time in central on OFT, which indicates an anxiety or mental illness-like behavior. However, the OFT examination on sniffing, rearing, grooming, and crossing behavior did not show a significant difference. Resveratrol 80 mg/kg and fluvoxamine 20 mg/kg were significantly reduced immobility time at TST compared to the physical stress group. While in psychological stress, resveratrol 80 mg/kg tended to decrease immobility time but not significant. A significant increase in time in central duration was seen in the resveratrol 40 mg/kg compared to the psychological stress. Stress induction causes increased amygdala corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression. However, neither resveratrol nor fluvoxamine affected amygdala CRF mRNA expression.

Conclusions

Resveratrol ameliorates depressive-like behavior induced by physical and psychological stress.
Profile of gyrA gene mutation in clinical isolate of levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Fahmi Alifia Risma , Suharjono  , Kuntaman
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Escherichia coli is one of the pathogenic bacteria that caused a nosocomial infection. Levofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones group antibiotics which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that works effectively against E. coli. The mutation can happen in the bacteria which caused a resistant effect in the use of antibacterial. This study aimed at identifying mutation in gene gyrA among E. coli that were resistant to levofloxacin.

Methods

The susceptibility of E
. coli was determined by disk diffusion. PCR and sequencing were performed to identify the mutation in gyrA.

Results

A total of 10 isolates showed result resistance to levofloxacin and gyrA gene mutation in the amino acid changes. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a point mutation in QRDR (quinolone resistance determining region) of gyrA Ser83→Leu, Asp87→Asn. The silent mutation was also found at codon Val85, Arg91, Ser111, Thr123.

Conclusions

Mutation in the gyrA gene affect the occurrence of bacterial resistance of E. coli to levofloxacin.
Drug-related problems of antibiotic use in gastroenteritis related to patient therapy outcomes at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital
Authors: Kurniawati Fivy , Munif Yasin Nanang , Aulia Farida , Vinanda Krisha Gidfrie
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Gastroenteritis is a disease of digestive system commonly occur among the people. Some cases of gastroenteritis are caused by bacteria, so it is treated by using antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can be associated to Drug-Related Problems (DRPs). This study aims to identify patterns of potential DRPs of antibiotic use and analyze the effect of potential DRPs of antibiotic use toward the patient’s therapeutic outcomes and length of stay.

Methods

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out by using patient’s medical record. The study population was gastroenteritis patients at the inpatient ward of Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital during January 2018–June 2019. Then, SPSS was employed to analyze the data and the effect of potential DRPs toward therapeutic outcomes was analyzed by utilizing the chi-square method.

Results

More than half of gastroenteritis patients in Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital were identified to have potential DRPs of antibiotic use. The most identified of potential DRPs was problems related to drug selection. Based on the chi-square analysis, there was no relationship between potential DRPs of antibiotic use and the therapeutic outcome. In addition, there was also no relationship between potential DRPs of antibiotic use and patient’s length of stay.

Conclusions

The potential DRPs of antibiotics use do not have a significant effect on the therapeutic outcome and length of stay of the gastroenteritis patients in Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital.
Green tea and its active compound epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit neuronal apoptosis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
Authors: Machin Abdulloh , Susilo Imam , Purwanto Djoko A.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To determine the effect of green tea with the active ingredient epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the inhibition of apoptosis in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.

Methods

Four month old maleRattus norvegicusrats with a body weight of 200–275 g was used for the MCAO model and divided into five groups, and the treatment was carried out for 7 days. Before being sacrificed, the subject had 1 cc of blood drawn for high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) examination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and after being sacrificed, the brain tissue specimen was taken to examine caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 3 (BCL-3) using immunohistochemistry methods.

Results

There was no significant difference in HMGB-1 results for the treatment group compared to the control group (P1: 384.20 ± 231.72 [p = 0.553]; P2: 379.11 ± 268.4 [p = 0.526]; P3: 284, 87 ± 276.19 [p = 0.140]; P4: 435.32 ± 279.95 [p = 0.912]). There is a significant increase in BCL-2 expression between the treatment group compared to the control group (P1: 2.58 ± 0.51 [p = 0.04]; P2: 3.36 ± 0.50 [p<0.001]; P3: 4.00 ± 0.42 [p<0.001]; P4: 3.60 ± 0.52 [p<0.001]). There was a significant difference in caspase-3 expression compared to the control group in the P3 group (P1: 4.33 ± 0.49 [p = 0.652]; P2: 4.09 ± 0.30 [p = 0.136]; P3: 3.58 ± 0.51 [p = 0.01]; P4: 3.89 ± 0.42 [p = 0.063]). There is no correlation between HMGB-1 and caspase-3 (r = −0.063; p = 0.613) or BCL-2 (r = −0.106; p = 0.396). There is significant negative correlation between caspase-3 and BCL-2 (r = −0.459; p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Green tea with the active ingredient EGCG can inhibit neuronal cell death through the apoptotic pathway and not through the activation of HMGB-1.
Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents
Authors: Diyah Nuzul W. , Isnaeni  , Hidayati Shabrina W. , Purwanto Bambang T. , Siswandono
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study was purposed to design gossypetin derivatives which have higher activity than the parent compound found in Hibiscus sabdariffa and to find the most potent compound as the antibacterial agent.

Methods

Twenty-five gossypetin derivatives were designed by conjugation the molecular structure of gossypetin with acyl group from some natural phenolic acids. The antibacterial activity was predicted by docking simulation on Escherischia coli DNA gyrase (PDB. 1KZN) which was performed by Molegro Virtual Docker. Potency as an antibacterial agent was evaluated based on binding affinity, hydrogen bond, and similarity of binding pattern with reference ligand Clorobiocin.

Results

Almost all derivatives showed higher binding affinity than gossypetin (docking score −113.43 kcal/mol). The most active compound was 3G19 with docking score −167.42 kcal/mol which was comparable to clorobiocin (docking score −167.75 kcal/mol). The compounds displaying higher activity than gossypetin were belonged to 7,4′-dimethyl and 3,7,4′-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and also ferulic acid. The compounds showed similar binding mode with clorobiocin especially in interaction with Asn46.

Conclusions

Gossypetin derivatives designed by conjugating the gossypetin with phenolic acyl increased in silico antibacterial activity of the parent compound. The 3,7,4′-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid was selected as the most potent compound for antibacterial agents.