bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Importance of Factors Affecting Construction Hazards in the Design Phase
Authors: Hosseinian Seyyed Shahab , Torghabeh Zahra Jabbarani , Ressang Aziruddin
Published: June 2013

dentifying the root causes of construction accidents has indicated that not only contractors but designers and architectures are capable of influencing construction workers safety. The aim of this study is to investigate and prioritize factors affecting construction hazards in the design phase. To achieve the aim of this study, a questionnaire survey was distributed among respondents randomly selected from construction sites within Malaysia. Relative Importance Index method was used to prioritize factors in order of level of effect on construction hazards. The results indicated that Lack of designers safety knowledge, Lack of designers knowledge about construction processes and Late involvement of constructors in the design process have the highest level of effect while Lack of safety organizations which evaluates the safety level of design and Few application of components' prefabrication have the lowest level of effect on hazards in the design phase of construction projects.
Finite Element Modeling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes: Review and Recent Developments
Authors: Alatshan F. , Mashiri Fidelis R.
Published: June 2013

The paper reviews previous investigations in the area of finite-element modeling of concrete-filled steel tubes. The literature provides a summary of the main type of the elements that are most frequently used to simulate concrete, steel and the interaction between the steel and the concrete in the composite beam and column members. A summary of confined concrete models is presented. Finally, finite-element were developed for 12 triangular concrete filled fabricated VHS-plate stub column specimens tested and reported in previous research [1, 2]. The confined concrete models, reviewed in the literature, were employed in the simulation and comparison was made to find the most suitable model for this type of column.
Experimental Investigations for Statistically Controlled Vacuum Moulding Solutions of Al-SiC MMC
Authors: Boparai Kamaljit Singh , Singh Rupinder
Published: June 2013

The purpose of the present investigations is to study the effect of vacuum moulding (VM) process parameters (namely: chemical composition, component volume and vacuum pressure) for development of statistically controlled Al-SiC MMC. Starting from the identification of component/ benchmark, technological prototypes were prepared by VM process for functional validation of the parts. The study suggested the long-term performance level of the VM process after it has been brought under statistical control as casting solution for Al-SiC MMC. The provided data from the experimentation highlights the ability of the VM process to produce a product that will consistently meet the design requirements and the customer expectation.
First-Principle Study on Magnetic Properties of TM-Doped 6H-SiC
Authors: Ma Pei Ting , Lei Tian Min , Zhang Yu Ming , Liu Jia Jia , Zhang Zhi Yong
Published: June 2013

Magnetic properties of 6H-SiC doped with transition metal (TM) atoms are calculated using the density functional theory method (DFT). It is shown that TM doped in a 6H-SiC host may have both magnetic and nonmagnetic states. From the figures of their density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) and to compare the energy differences between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic states, we demonstrate that Cr and Mn-doped 6H-SiC emerge a half-metallic ferromagnetic state, Co and Ni-doped 6H-SiC create very little magnetic features, while Fe-doped 6H-SiC is in the nonmagnetic state. We also calculate the energy differences between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic of Cr, Mn and Fe-doped 6H-SiC in the doping concentration (8.34%). It is found that the energy of the antiferromagnetic state is lower than that of the ferromagnetic state.
Tool Wear Monitoring Using Microphone Signals and Recurrence Quantification Analysis when Drilling Composites
Authors: Eneyew Eshetu D. , Ramulu M.
Published: June 2013

The quality of the hole produced during the drilling of composite materials is one of the controlling factors for the resulting joint strength and integrity of the structural component. Quality of the hole depends on the condition of the cutting tool. Continuous cutting tool condition monitoring method is vital to accomplish the desired hole quality. To address this concern, an online tool condition monitoring technique using a simple audio microphone as a sensor is developed and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) methodology was used as a signal analysis tool to predict the tool condition in terms of flank wear. A series of experimental drilling operation was carried out on uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite. It was found that the amplitude of the microphone signal decreases with the increase of the tool flank wear. In addition, from the selected eight RQA output variables, six of them show an increasing trend with the increase of the measured flank wear, whereas, two of them show a decreasing trend with the increase of tool wear. The same trend has been observed in both set of experiments. These results demonstrate that, this novel approach is an effective and economical online tool condition monitoring method.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Axle Box Spring by FEM
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Wei Hua , Song Dong Li
Published: June 2013

Axle box spring of railway vehicle is the structure of helical spring in series with rubber pad to reduce working stress of helical spring and absorb high-frequency vibration. Rubber pad model was built. Static and dynamic characteristics were researched in axial and radial directions. The results show that the static stiffness of rubber pad decreases with the increase of radial displacement and increases distinctly with the increase of the amount of compression; The dynamic stiffness of rubber pad increases with the decrease of the excitation force in the case of the same excitation frequency and decreases with the decrease of the frequency in the case of the same excitation displacement. Axle box spring method was established and the amplitude-frequency curve of dynamic stiffness of the spring was presented. The results provide a theoretical basis to research the dynamic performance of railway vehicle.
Research on Tooth Profile Deviations Measurement Method Based on the Optical Image Measuring Instrument
Authors: Wang Qing Hai , Zhao Feng Xia
Published: June 2013

To resolve the problems of small module gear measurement with traditional methods, a new method for measuring the tooth profile deviations of small module gear using the optical image measuring instrument is put forward. According to the ISO 1328-1, the mathematical models of total profile deviation, profile form deviation and profile slope deviation are proposed. The involute profile measurement schemes are given. The results show that tooth profile coordinate values of small module gear can be measured automatically and effectively with the optical image measuring instrument, and the provided method has higher precision of getting measuring points and less fitting error of tooth profile.
Research on Sustainable Energy Development Strategy and Low Carbon Relationship
Authors: Peng Xiang Dong
Published: June 2013

Environmental resources for sustainable development have become the subject of today's time. Domestic sustainable energy strategy is derived from analysis low-carbon. Low-carbon energy use is closely related to the state, the context of the low carbon sustainable development will be a good validation.
Research on the Equipment Manufacturing Industry's Interregional Industrial Linkages in the Bohai Sea Region
Authors: Pian Feng , Jiang Yi Peng , Luan Wei Xin
Published: June 2013

As the largest economic region in northern China, Bohai Rim becomes the third of China's economic growth poles after the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta which has an extremely important position in China's economic development. How to strengthen the industrial linkages of the equipment manufacturing industry in Bohai Sea region becomes the promotion of regional development is a pressing matter of the moment. Analysis the industrial linkages of the equipment manufacturing industry in Bohai Sea region using MRIO method, as related to the development of regional industrial policy of equipment manufacturing industry to provide a basis for decision making.
The Effect of Boric Acid Addition on the Performance of a Gelled Electrolyte
Authors: Lu Dong Liang , Zhang Dang Jun , Duan Chun Yan , Lin Tao
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of boric acid as an additive for gelled electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and an equivalent circuit analysis were employed to study the electrochemical performance of the gelled electrolyte with the addition of varying amounts of boric acid. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the grid corrosion in corrosion test. For moderate contents of boric acid, the electrode capacity improved, as well as the oxygen evolution profermance. However, the adverse effects of boric acid were found to include increased electrical resistance, decreased hydrogen evolution overpotential and promote the corrosion of the grid. The experimental results indicates that the optimum content was 0.4wt.%.
Improved Flotation of Oolitic Hematite Ore Based on a Novel Cationic Collector
Authors: Rao Zhi Qiang , Zhang Yu Shu , Jin Yong Chao
Published: June 2013

Oolitic hematite is one of the most refractory iron ores with complicate mineral compositions and abundant reserves in China. The hematite and limonite in the ore integrate closely with fine particles of collophanite, quartz, chamosite, calcite and chalcedony to form concentric ring structure, making the separation of the minerals extremely difficult. Since the tiny hematite crystal can not be liberated during the grinding of the ore the beneficiation can only be accomplished by recovering iron minerals aggregate with hematite as the major component. The previous research results showed that reverse flotation with fatty acid collectors could remove liberated phosphate minerals but not the quartz, chlorite and silicate minerals. This was because the gangue minerals such as quartz were contaminated by iron on the surface and there were high content of iron in some silicate minerals and high content of silicon in iron minerals, causing the floatability difference between the silicon and the iron minerals very small and thus the separation efficiency very low. Experiments were conducted to beneficiate the ore by reverse flotation with different cationic collectors. The results indicated that the flotation separation efficiency with most cationic collectors such as dodecylamine, ether amine, GE601 or GE609 was not satisfactory. However, a novel cationic collector for silicon removal, EM506 was found to be specifically selective to separate the gangue minerals from the iron ore with an increase of TFe grade from 49% to more than 58% and a recovery of TFe greater than 96%, which provided a promising approach for the beneficiation of the refractory oolitic hematite ore.
Bearing Capacity of Concrete-Cored DCM Pile Composite Ground
Authors: Chi Wang , Xu Yong Fu , Dong Ping
Published: June 2013

The concrete-cored DCM pile is an kind of composite pile by inserting the inner concrete pile into the DCM column socket. In two test sites, plate load test is used to measure bearing capacity of concrete-cored DCM pile composite ground. Vertical stress of surrounding soil and DCM column socket are measured by pressure cells. The axial force of precast core pile can be obtained by steel stressmeters which welded on the reinforcing steel along depth. The field tests results show that, the bearing capacity of concrete-cored DCM pile composite ground is much larger than that of original soil. The development degree of concrete-cored DCM pile bearing capacity in composite foundation increases steadily during the loading process. Both concrete-cored DCM piles and surrounding soils play an important effect on the bearing capacity of composite foundation.
Neonatal Follicular Th Cell Responses Are Impaired and Modulated by IL-4
Authors: Debock Isabelle , Jaworski Kathy , Chadlaoui Hanan , Delbauve Sandrine , Passon Nicolas , Twyffels Laure , Leo Oberdan , Flamand Véronique
Published: June 2013

Newborns are characterized by poor responses to vaccines. Defective B cell responses and a Th2-type polarization can account for this impaired protection in early life. We in this study investigated the generation of follicular Th (TFH) cells, involved in the development of Ab response and germinal center reaction, upon vaccination in neonates. We showed that, compared with adults, Ab production, affinity maturation, and germinal center formation were reduced in neonates immunized with OVA–aluminum hydroxide. Although this vaccination induced CD4+ CXCR5+ PD-1+ TFH cells in newborns, their frequency, as well as their Bcl6 expression and IL-21 and IL-4 mRNA induction, was decreased in early life. Moreover, neonatal TFH cells were mainly localized in interfollicular regions of lymphoid tissues. The prototypic Th2 cytokine IL-4 was found to promote the emergence and the localization in germinal centers of neonatal TFH cells, as well as the neonatal germinal center reaction itself. In addition, IL-4 dampened expression of Th17-related molecules in neonatal TFH cells, as TFH cells from immunized IL-4–deficient neonates displayed enhanced expression of RORγt and IL-17. This Th17-like profile correlated with an increased secretion of OVA-specific IgG2a. Our study thus suggests that defective humoral immunity in early life is associated with limited and IL-4–modulated TFH cell responses.
T Cell–Dependent IgM Memory B Cells Generated during Bacterial Infection Are Required for IgG Responses to Antigen Challenge
Authors: Yates Jennifer L. , Racine Rachael , McBride Kevin M. , Winslow Gary M.
Published: June 2013

Immunological memory has long considered to be harbored in B cells that express high-affinity class-switched IgG. IgM-positive memory B cells can also be generated following immunization, although their physiological role has been unclear. In this study, we show that bacterial infection elicited a relatively large population of IgM memory B cells that were uniquely identified by their surface expression of CD11c, CD73, and programmed death-ligand 2. The cells lacked expression of cell surface markers typically expressed by germinal center B cells, were CD138 negative, and did not secrete Ab ex vivo. The population was also largely quiescent and accumulated somatic mutations. The IgM memory B cells were located in the region of the splenic marginal zone and were not detected in blood or other secondary lymphoid organs. Generation of the memory cells was CD4 T cell dependent and required IL-21R signaling. In vivo depletion of the IgM memory B cells abrogated the IgG recall responses to specific Ag challenge, demonstrating that the cell population was required for humoral memory, and underwent class-switch recombination following Ag encounter. Our findings demonstrate that T cell–dependent IgM memory B cells can be elicited at high frequency and can play an important role in maintaining long-term immunity during bacterial infection.
Effects of Cognitive‐Behavioral Programs for Criminal Offenders
Authors: Lipsey Mark W. , Landenberger Nana A. , Wilson Sandra J.
Published: June 2013

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can prevent criminal offenders from continuing their criminal careers. However, some treatment programmes work better than others.

This Campbell review shows that a small number of factors make the difference. It is particularly important for the programmes to be stringently implemented, by well‐trained providers. No significant differences were found in the effectiveness of the different types of programmes or “brand names”. Whether the treatment is implemented in prison or in the community has no influence on the outcome.
Die diens van ouderling vandag
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Elke ouderling kwel hom oor die vraag: Hoe moet ek vandag ouderling wees? Daar is heelwat oor geskrywe. Maar hoe lyk die praktyk van ouderling-wees?
Die gesigte van die neo-marxisme
Authors: Boshoff M. C.
Published: June 2013

Ons weet nie sondermeer wat die voorsetsel ‘NEO’ beteken nie. Het Marx in ons tyd herleef of ’n ombuiging, hersiening, aanvulling of selfs ’n korrektief op die oorspronklike visie van Marx gekom? Wat hou die naam, doelstellings en gees van Karl Marx lewendig en dreig om die Westerse lewenswyse en die Christelike godsdiens te vernietig met ’n leefwyse wat die Christelike geloof op sy kardinale punte aanval?
Die verhouding tussen kerk en staat by Calvyn in kerkhistoriese perspektief
Authors: Buys F.
Published: June 2013

Calvyn se standpunte oor die verhouding tussen kerk en staat kom na vore, nie net uit die laaste hoofstuk van die vierde boek van sy Institusie nie, maar lê verspreid oor al sy vele publikasies. In verskeie van sy kommentare, traktate en briewe is die saak aan die orde. Om al die relevante bronne binne die bestek van hierdie enkele artikel te reflekteer, sou ’n onbegonne taak wees. Nie alleen is die onderwerp geweldig omvangryk nie, maar strome literatuur wat reeds daaroor gepubliseer is en navorsing wat gedoen is en nog steeds gedoen word, sou dit enigsins makliker maak om ’n proefskrif oor die onderwerp te skryf as om ’n oorsigtelike artikel te skryf!
Die invloed van Calvyn op die geldende kerkordes in Suid-Afrika 1652-1983
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Dit is ’n onbegonne taak om Calvyn se invloed op elke bepaalde Kerkorde en Kerkwet wat in SA gegeld het en nog geld in een artikel na te gaan. Daarenteen kan sy invloed in die Nederlandse kerkordelike ontwikkeling van 1571 tot en met die Dordtse KO van 1619 maklik uitgewys word omdat dele van die KO reeds in 1571 regstreeks aan die Institusie ontleen is.
Submitting to the civil authorities today
Authors: Eloff T.
Published: June 2013

In Southern Africa, as is often the case in the rest of Africa, the relationship between “church and state” is an important one. This is the case not only because of the importance of politics in the lives of (South) Africans, but especially because of the churches’ involve­ ment in human relations and society. It is therefore all the more surprising that such few exegetical studies were done in this field in the past two decades. Some historical (“The Church Struggle” of De Gruchy is a good example) and some ethical studies lightens this somewhat dark picture.
Seksisme en feminisme in Teologiese perspektief
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Of ’n mens daarvan hou of nie, die feminisme dwing jou om vandag oor die vraagstuk standpunt in te neem. Beslissinge sal ook in die Gereformeerde leefwêreld geneem moet word waarin met die algemene twintigste eeuse kerklike musiek saamgespeel word om die “diskriminasie” teen die vrou op sterkte van haar seks “in die kerk” op te hef - of om andersins miskien op duidelike gronde ’n baie eensame standpunt in te neem. 0ns verwys in dié verband na die volgende werk:
Grepe uit die lewenstaak van ds. S. J. du Toit
Authors: Van der Waal C.
Published: June 2013

Onlangs het ondergetekende ’n met potlood geskrewe brief van ds. S. J. du Toit, wat hy op 5 Julie 1910 aan sy broer Daan, die bekende Oom Lokomotief van di Patriot, gerig het in ’n ou nommer van ‘Stemmen des Tijds’ gevind. Hierdie brief is in meer as een opsig van historiese waarde. Dit is bekend dat tussen ds. Du Toit en sy broer destyds as gevolg van politieke verskille 'n verwydering ontstaan het wat gelei het tot die uittrede van Oom Lokomotief uit di Patriot. Alle bande is daarmee egter nie verbreek nie.
Het ons kerk-wees in strukture gestol?
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Die kerk plaas ons in die grond van sy bestaan as liggaam waarvan Christus Hoof is, voor ’n misterie. Hoewel die Skrif soms na die kerk in betreklik gelykblywende of statiese beelde verwys (tempel, gebou), is die dominerende profiel dié van ’n lewende organisme, ’n koinonia van mense (Spoelstra 1978; 23—35). Die liggaam van Chris­tus het natuurlik ”n institusionele aspek, ruggraat of torso wat in die ingestelde dienste (ampte)  gegee is (1 Kor 12:28, Ef 4:11 v ). Dit gee egter geen reg om van die kerk dualisties in terme van orga­nisme en instituut of as dinamies en staties te praat nie.
Integrating the youth into the life and work of the church through education
Authors: Heystek N. P.
Published: June 2013

Although quite a few images or phrases are used in the Bible to describe the church, we shall use only two in this presentation, namely: the church as body of Christ (Rm 12:4-5; 1 Cr 12:12 f, Cl 1:24; Eph 4:11) and as flock of God (Jn 10:1-18; 1 Pt 5:2).
Respons
Authors: Booyens M. J.
Published: June 2013

Op enkele punte wat dr. Vorster noem, kom ek later terug. Die wese van die huidige praktiese politiek raak hy egter nie aan nie. Ek kan dit nie beter formuleer as wat kol. Johan Coetzee, destydse hoof van die veiligheidspolisie, aan ons op ’n Krugerdagviering in 1977 te Heilbron, gesê het nie. Hy het verklaar dat ’n hoe kommunistiese amptenaar vir hom gesê het: ‘Die Afrikaanse volk met sy godsdiens staan in die pad van die kommunisme in Afrika ...’
Kerkeenheid en meerdere kerkevergaderings
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Die 20e eeuse vraagstuk van die “eenheid van die kerk” hang saam met die opkoms van die genootskaplike kerkbegrip uit die Rasionalisme gedurende die 18e eeu. Die Reglemente van De Mist (1804) en Koning Willem I in Nederland (1816) het met die eerste Sinode in 1824, praktiese beslag in Suid-Afrika gekry.
Die Kategismusprediking in die krisis
Authors: Schulze L. F.
Published: June 2013

Die tema is nie deur my gekies nie maar aan my opgedra. Ek het nadere besonderhede by my opdraggewers ingewin, en is ingelig dat dit gaan om die probleem: Waarom kom die leer, wat tegelyk belydenis is, nie déúr nie: waarom vind dit nie aanklank by die lidmate nie?
Die verhouding tussen indikatief en paraklese in die brief aan die Efesiërs
Authors: Jordaan G. J. C.
Published: June 2013

The letter of the apostle Paul to the Ephesians is divided into two main sections. The first section is Ephesians 1:3 - 3:21 and is presented by the apostle as a prayer (1:16; 3:13,14); the second section is found in Ephesians 4:1 - 6:24 and is presented as a paraclesis (4:1).
Die "Heiligheid" van die kerk teen die agtergrond van die breuk kerk-sinagoge
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: June 2013

It is shown that the binary reference to the έκ λησία as ἀγία καἱ ἅμωμος in Ephesians 5:27 has to be interpreted in terms of the words ΘλαϬίας καὶ άποκϵ - κομμἐυος in Deuteronomy 23:1, and that this antithetical articulation is the result of the preference of the early church for using the word έκκλησία instead of συναγωγή, accentuating thereby the inclusive Christian assembly rather than the exclusive cultic community. These conflicting beliefs about the presence of God within the community constitute one of the main features that produced the separation of Synagogue and Church. The thesis is explored by combining semantic information with the results of recent social-scientific studies the New Testa­ment. Theoretical and methodological issues, however, are not entered into.
Fokus
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

Die oogpunt met hierdie rubriek is om ’n forum te skep waarin artikels van ’n meer populêr-wetenskaplike aard gepubliseer kan word. Artikels wat byvoorbeeld gerig is op die kerklike bedieningspraktyk, pastorale probleemhantering, spesifieke bedieningsfasette, die identifisering van probleemareas in die gemeentelike praktyk ensovoorts, kan in hierdie rubriek geplaas word.
Vanwaar die eenhoring in Bybelvertalings?
Authors: Schulze L. F.
Published: June 2013

Luther’s translation of Psalm 22:22 reads: "Deliver me from the unicorns" (errette mich von den Einhömem). This translation arouses curiosity for it is common knowledge that the unicorn has never existed but yet figures as a prominent symbol of the New Age. Besides, the Hebrew word means antelope, buffalo, or wild bull. The question thus arises why the Hebrew re'em was translated by Luther with unicorn While the official Dutch translation of 1633 (Statenvertaling, translated according to the title page from the original languages) gives the same translation as Luther, the obvious deduction was that the unicorn was such a powerful symbol in 16th century Europe that it slipped into the Bible translations. However, Calvin, tending even less than Luther to allegory and non-literal interpretation, also mentions the unicorns in his commentary on Psalm 22:22. This renders Jerome’s Vulgate suspect and, indeed, the Vulgate translates the Hebrew word with unicorns. The next stop was the translation of the Septuagint, which reads monokeros. In this way the cultural background as a possible explanation of this translation shifted from the 16th century to the first centuries B.C.
Besinning oor die teologiese ensiklopedie van Kuyper met Kerkreg en Díakoniologie as parameters
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Abraham Kuyper of the Netherlands compiled an extensive encyclopaedia or structure in which the unity of theology as well as the diversity of subjects was given account for. Contemporary theological trends and developments prove the fact that the process by which theology is defined, its unity established, and by means of which subsidiary disciplines gain autonomy, is largely unexplored. By means of reference to two closely related subjects, the one more 'theoretical' and the other more 'practical', this fact is clearly demonstrated. In conclusion the article suggests that theologians should reconstruct the house of theology as a science by paying scholarly attention to basic theories, different presuppositions among theologians and the criteria by which both the unity and the diversity in theology are determined.
Bouke Spoelstra: 'n blyk van waardering
Authors: Borchardt C. F. A.
Published: June 2013

Hiermee wil ons Bouke Spoelstra se aandeel aan die werksaamhede van die Kerkhistoriese Werkgemeenskap van Suider-Afrika in oënskou neem. Een van die voordele van die stigting van die Kerkhistoriese Werkgemeenskap op 1 Oktober 1970 was dat waar ons mekaar tevore uit geskrifte geken het, ons nou persoonlik kennisgemaak het. So het die naam Bouke Spoelstra, bekend uit sy geskrifte, veral sy proefskrif Die Doppers in Suid-Afrika (1760-1899) en sy aan­ deel aan die Handleiding by die Kerkorde, nou vir ons 'n gesig gekry en het hy vanweë ons jaarlikse kontak by die byeenkomste 'n gewaardeerde vriend geword.
Fokus
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

Fokus is 'n rubriek waarin artikels van 'n meer populêr-wetenskaplike aard gepubliseer word. Artikels wat vir hierdie rubriek aan die redaksie voorgelê word, moet voldoen aan dieselfde tegniese vereistes as navorsingsartikels (kyk asseblief die voorskrifite vir skrywers). Bydraes vir Fokus word aan 'n interne keuringsproses onderwerp.
Die wisselwerking tussen profeet en gehoor in die boek Esegiël
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: June 2013

The interaction between prophet and audience is one of the important elements of the prophetic process. This interaction is closely related to the audience's acceptance or rejection of the prophetic message. The reaction of the prophet could either be to adapt his message to the expectations of the audience or to affirm his message. This paper explores this interaction in the Book of Ezekiel. The interaction is clear in the quotation of popular proverbs and the words of the exiles, the people in Jerusalem and the enemies of the people, in symbolic actions that evoked questions from the prophet's audience and in the interpretation of certain oracles against the background of certain expectations of the prophet's audience. In some instances the interaction may be purely rhetorical, but in other instances it reflects events in the time of the prophet.
Een of meer bekers by die instellingsnagmaal? ’n Verkenning
Authors: Grové A. H.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this article is to determine whether one or more cups were used at the first Holy Communion when Christ instituted this meal. The relevant texts (Matt. 26:27. Mark. 14:23. Luke. 22:17 and 1 Cor 11:25) are in­vestigated within their socio-historical contexts. The conclusion arrived at is that there is more than one legitimate interpretation of the words of institution. It is valid to accept both the possibilities of one cup or more than one having been used by the disciples.
Wetenskapsteoretiese besinning oor die grondslae van die Diakoniologie
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

In this article it is argued that theology must be practical to have meaning. The author of this article attempts to determine whether 'practical theology’ and 'diaconiology' are the same discipline or whether they are different disciplines within the science of theology. It is alleged that diaconiology differs intrinsically from practical theology when the point of departure, prepositions and theological positions are taken into account. Practical theology is based on the empirical church and its actions. Diaconiology should take as its point of departure the kingship (kingdom) of God in this world. It is conceded that the reformed diaconiological tradition got stuck in formal ministries. The article propagates the development of diaconio­logy, inter alia by means of a critical investigation of the process by which God encounters man and church. It is concluded that an em­pirical analysis of the official ministries may be necessary to establish whether the kingdom of God is indeed actualized in practice.
Die Rede van Stefanus in Openbaringshistories Perspektief
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

Die rede van Stefanus voor die Joodse Raad in Handelinge 7 is van besonder groot belang, want in hierdie rede gee Stefanus vir ons 'n stuk openbaringsgeskiedenis van die OT. En 'n besondere kenmerk is dan dat ons hier die openbaringsgeskiedenis van die O.T. kry vanuit Pinkster.
Arbeidsetiek: ’n teologies-etiese benaderíng
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this article is to reflect on basic perspectives underlying work ethics, on the one hand, and on the other to highlight some of the most burning questions in work ethics. This is done from a Christian viewpoint, although attention is paid to Hellenistic and Marxistm approaches. It is argued that a creational as well as a pneumatological approach is onesided and that a trinitarian/eschatological structure is more rewarding.
Prof. F.N. Lion-Cachet
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

Die Redaksie van In die Skriflig het besluit om hierdie uitgawe van die tydskrif op te dra aan prof. F.N. Lion-Cachet, wat aan die einde van 1996 na ses en twintig en ’n half jaar aan die Teologiese Skool en die PU vir CHO geëmeriteer het. Hy was en is steeds ’n gewaardeerde kollega wat op baie terreine ’n besondere bydrae gelewer het. Op hierdie manier wil die Redaksie sê: baie dankie vir hierdie bydrae. Dat sy optrede en bydrae erkenning geniet het, blyk uit die verskeidenheid van kollegas wat ’n bydrae tot hierdie bundel gelewer het.
Naasteliefde as uitdaging aan die Afrikaner
Authors: Van Wyk I. W. C.
Published: June 2013

Afrikaners and their churches were accused of lovelessness during the apartheid years. The time has come for us not only to reflect on the commandments to love, but also to obey these commandments in our lives. The essence of neighbourly love is therefore highlighted in this article and Afrikaners are called upon to practise this love in Africa and South Africa where we live - no matter how difficult it may be.
A qualitative investigation into the so-called ministry of deliverance
Authors: Janse van Rensburg J.
Published: June 2013

Since the publication of the book“The occult debate” (Janse van Rensburg, 1999) it has become clear that epistemological views on occultism within the reformed tradition have drastically diverged. During the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church in 2007, the report of the Algemene Taakspan vir Leer en Aktuele Sake (ATLAS)on a ministry of deliverance denied the existence of the devil and claimed that it would be un-scientific to embark on an empirical research in this regard, because of the impossibility to verify information gathered in this manner. However, it is the hypothesis of this article that qualitative information could assist in attaining a clearer under-standing of the need for a ministry of deliverance. In this article the methodology of the qualitative research is explained and the narratives of participants are revealed. Thereafter the respon-ses of the participants are evaluated.
The foundational statement in Matthew 5:17-20 on the continuing validity of the law
Authors: Viljoen F.P.
Published: June 2013

The statement of Jesus in Matthew 5:17-20 forms a pivotal point of Matthew’s teaching on the law. Yet, some scholars argue that these verses reveal a strong Jewish character, with eclectic layers of traditions that even contradict one another. Matthew is being accused of careless inclusion of this material into his text which led to an inconsistent overall teaching of the law. This article proposes that a careful reading of the different elements of the statement within its context reveals its coherence. The statement forms an inherent part of the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the Gospel through which Matthew in a pastoral manner addresses concerns of his community regarding their righteousness.
Hoe kan God dit toelaat? ’n Bibliologiese verryking van die teodiseevraagstuk uit ’n vergelyking tussen Openbaring en 4 Esra
Authors: Du Rand J.A.
Published: June 2013

How can God allow it? A bibliological enrichment of the theodicy issue from a comparison between the Book of Revelation and 4 EzraIn the process of understanding and defining the relationship between God and man, the theodicy issue frequently floats to the surface. A long strand in the history of philosophy and theology has addressed itself to the task of reconciling God’s omnipotence and benevolence with human suffering and the existence of evil. Some of the philosophical and theological views are represented in this article. According to reformed scholarly presentation, theodicy should seriously take into account the soteriological and eschatological hermeneutical views. This is confirmed by the Old Testament, intertestamental literature and the New Testament. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the apocryphal 4 Ezra which puts surprising views about theodicy on the table.
Die openbaring van Johannes
Authors: Snyman W. J.
Published: June 2013

Die versoek is om voordragte te gee oor die boek Openbaring. Dit is ’n heel groot bestelling en groot saak om af te handel in enkele lesings.
Die huidige stand van die Belydenis in die Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland
Authors: Van der Linde G. P. L.
Published: June 2013

As volledig op alle leerstellige, kerkregtelike en liturgiese besluite, van die Sinodes van Sneek 1969, Dordrecht 1971 en Haarlem 1973, ingegaan moet word sou dit ’n lywige boekdeel kan vul. Derhalwe is gekonsentreer op enkele sake wat die ontwikkelingsgang in die G.K.N. gedurende die laaste jare t.o.v. die belydenis die beste weerspieël.
1945 – voortsetting of weerkeer? – 1975
Authors: Godschalk L. A. F.
Published: June 2013

Afskeiding of Vrymaking of watter ander daad van kerklike afskeid mag op grond van Jesus se verhoorde gebed uit Johannes 17 nooit plaasvind as die gemeenskap waarvan afskeid geneem word self geen toonbeeld van kerklike skeurmaking is nie. Daarom mag daardie daad nie net as Afskeiding of Vrymaking getipeer word nie, maar moet dit aangevul word met die woorde ‘of weerkeer’ want in en deur dié afskeid word weergekeer tot die eenheid, die sigbare eenheid van die liggaam van Christus.
Infection in the Graeco-Roman era with the emphasis on epidemic ilness.
Authors: Cilliers Louise , Retief Francois P.
Published: June 2013

In this article the views of the ancient Greeks and Romans on the etiology of infectious diseases are assessed. It appeared that these views were remarkably correct in many respects: Hippocrates for instance believed that an imbalance in the humours preceded disease, while we know today that a malnourished body predisposes a patient to epidemic disease. Further acute observations were recorded during the plague which afflicted Athenians in the 5th century BC, when it was noted that the disease (probably smallpox) was spread by close contact with patients and that the same person never contracted the disease twice – the first description in Western history of acquired immunity. The ancients’ theories of miasmata and ‘seeds of disease’ in the air were the forerunners of what is today identified as pathological micro-organisms causing disease. Little progress in the study of the etiology of infectious diseases was made since Graeco-Roman times, in fact, in the 19th century it was still believed in London that infection was the result of ‘bad air’. The problem was eventually solved when in the 19th century Robert Koch, with the help of the microscope, discovered the pathogenic organisms causing infectious diseases. In many respects the scientific discoveries during the last two centuries merely confirmed the observations of the ancient Greeks and Romans made more than 2000 years ago.
Alcoholic leukopenic pneumococcal sepsis
Authors: Alraiyes Abdul Hamid , Shaheen Khaldoon , Alraies M Chadi
Published: June 2013

Alcohol abuse has been associated with an increased mortality and morbidity due to increased aspiration, delirium tremens, and seizures. The association of pneumococcal lung infections and leukopenia in the setting of alcohol abuse are rarely reported; however, when present, severe lung infections can happen with severe lung injury and poor response to conventional therapy and ultimately, death. We are reporting a case of 55-year-old-man presented with shortness of breath, cough and altered mental status and eventually found with severe pneumococcal lung infection in the setting of leukopenia and long-term alcohol abuse representing alcoholic leukopenic pneumococcal sepsis syndrome.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Computed Tomography and Different Imaging Modalities in Evaluation of Sinonasal Neoplasms Diagnosed by Histopathology
Authors: Gomaa Mohammed A. , Hammad Moustafa S. , Abdelmoghny Abobakr , Elsherif Ashraf M. , Tawfik Heba M.
Published: June 2013

Objective

The study purpose was to detect the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) and different imaging modalities as conventional radiology in evaluation of sinonasal neoplasms diagnosed by Histopathology.

Methods

Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) were complaining of symptoms related to sinonasal tract. After thorough clinical and local examination, the patients were subjected to the following: conventional radiography, CT, MRI, and histopathological examination.

Results

The nasal cavity was the most commonly involved site with sinonasal malignancies followed by the maxillary sinuses. The least commonly affected site was the frontal sinuses. Benign sinonasal tumors were present in 14 cases. The most common benign lesion was juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (6 cases), followed by inverted papilloma (3 cases). While malignant sinonasal tumors were present in 16 cases, squamous cell carcinoma was present in 5 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma, in 3 cases. Lymphoepithelioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were present in 2 cases each, while adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma were present in 1 case each.

Conclusion

MRI with its superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capability is superior to CT in pretreatment evaluation of primary malignant tumors of sinonasal cavity.
Clinical Decision Making when Addressing Upper Limb Post-Stroke Sensory Impairments
Authors: Doyle Susan , Bennett Sally , Gustafsson Louise
Published: June 2013

Introduction:

This study explored factors influencing occupational therapists' clinical decision making when choosing to assess upper limb post-stroke sensory impairments (ULPSSI) and selecting interventions.

Method:

A survey of 187 American occupational therapists working with stroke survivors.

Findings:

Respondents most commonly assessed ULPSSI to determine the impact on occupational performance and guide interventions, and most commonly did not undertake assessment if clients either reported no impairments or were unable to participate in testing. Being unaware of interventions, believing motor interventions addressed ULPSSI and lack of time most commonly led to the decision not to use interventions for ULPSSI. Clients' cognitive status, severity of ULPSSI and time since stroke influenced therapists when choosing between compensatory or remedial approaches. Prior experience, effects seen when trialling interventions and consulting other therapists most commonly influenced specific intervention choice.

Conclusion:

Deciding to assess ULPSSI was influenced by theoretical knowledge and domain-specific clinical knowledge while decisions about interventions were largely influenced by the therapists' domain-specific clinical knowledge, clinical experience and by specific contextual factors such as time available for therapy. Respondents used both automatic and reflective or deliberate decision-making processes. Education on evidence-based interventions and strategies for decision making in areas of clinical uncertainty is warranted.
‘As Good as it's Going to Get’. Bad News Conversations in Neurology: Challenges for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Sexton Deborah
Published: June 2013

Introduction:

This exploratory study sought to answer the question, ‘What are the experiences of neurological occupational therapists when having bad news conversations with disabled people regarding likely levels of long-term disability?’.

Method:

The study design was a retrospective qualitative method within a phenomenological methodology. Convenience sampling was used to identify occupational therapists working with neurologically impaired adults. Ten semi-structured interviews using a topic guide were conducted. Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty Research Ethics Committee.

Findings:

Participants had bad news conversations prior to discharge and there was a functional focus. Four approaches to these conversations emerged: collaboration, being direct, avoidance and using a client-centred approach. Strategies included use of pre-discharge home visit, goal setting, using others, maintaining hope and communication skills. The participants agreed that this task has an emotional cost.

Conclusion:

Bad news conversations are an important and sometimes difficult clinical task that can have an impact on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Little has been documented regarding occupational therapists' conversations relating to living with long-term disability. This study has underlined the importance of addressing this task in undergraduate education and also in the supervision of junior occupational therapists.
Invited review: Epidemics on social networks
Authors: Kuperman Marcelo N.
Published: June 2013

Since its first formulations almost a century ago, mathematical models fordisease spreading contributed to understand, evaluate and control the epidemic processes.They promoted a dramatic change in how epidemiologists  thought of the propagation of infectious diseases.In the last decade, when the traditional epidemiological models seemed to be exhausted,  new types of models were developed.These new models incorporated concepts from graph theory to describe and model the underlying social structure.Many of these works  merely produced a more detailed extension of the previous results,  but some otherstriggered a completely new paradigm  in the mathematical study of epidemic processes. In this review, we will introduce the basicconcepts of epidemiology, epidemic  modeling and networks, to finally provide a brief description of the mostrelevant results in the field. Received: 6 April 2013,  Accepted: 3 June 2013; Edited by: G. Mindlin; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050003Cite as: M N Kuperman, Papers in Physics 5, 050003 (2013)
The direct and indirect radiative effects of biogenic secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Scott C. E. , Rap A. , Spracklen D. V. , Forster P. M. , Carslaw K. S. , Mann G. W. , Pringle K. J. , Kivekäs N. , Kulmala M. , Lihavainen H. , Tunved P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We use a global aerosol microphysics model in combination with an offline radiative transfer model to quantify the radiative effect of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the present day atmosphere. Through its role in particle growth and ageing, the presence of biogenic SOA increases the global annual mean concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN; at 0.2% supersaturation) by 3.6–21.1%, depending upon the yield of SOA production, and the nature and treatment of concurrent primary carbonaceous emissions. This increase in CCN causes a rise in global annual mean cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) of 1.9–5.2%, and a global mean first aerosol indirect effect (AIE) of between +0.01 W m−2 and −0.12 W m−2. The radiative impact of biogenic SOA is far greater when it also contributes to particle nucleation; using two organically-mediated mechanisms for new particle formation we simulate global annual mean AIEs of −0.22 W m−2 and −0.77 W m−2. The inclusion of biogenic SOA substantially improves the simulated seasonal cycle in the concentration of CCN sized particles observed at three forested sites. The best correlation is found when the organically-mediated nucleation mechanisms are applied, suggesting that the AIE of biogenic SOA could be as large as −0.77 W m−2. The radiative impact of SOA is sensitive to the presence of anthropogenic emissions. Lower background aerosol concentrations simulated with anthropogenic emissions from 1750 give rise to a greater fractional CCN increase and a more substantial indirect radiative effect from biogenic SOA. Consequently, the anthropogenic indirect radiative forcing between 1750 and the present day is sensitive to assumptions about the amount and role of biogenic SOA. We also calculate an annual global mean direct radiative effect (DRE) of between −0.08 W m−2 and −0.78 W m−2 in the present day, with uncertainty in the amount of SOA produced from the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) accounting for most of this range.