bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Followership: A Classroom Exercise to Introduce the Concept
Authors: Hurwitz Marc
Published: June 2017

Followership is valuable for personal and organizational success, whether success is measured by satisfaction with work, improved team relationships, obtaining promotions, or quality and quantity of work output. Furthermore, senior executives and coaches recognize it as a critical skill. Despite this, creating effective followership training in the classroom is challenging because of media messages that preference leadership, internal schemas held by students that ignore followership, and cultural biases against it. This article presents a memorable kinaesthetic, visual classroom activity that introduces followership in a theory-agnostic way. The exercise begins with students introducing each other as leaders or followers, and then debriefing that activity using the Describe, Analyze, and Evaluate methodology from multicultural training. Over a 10-year period, the exercise has successfully engaged undergraduate and graduate students, MBA candidates, and working professionals from frontline to senior management.
Establishing energy requirements for body weight maintenance: validation of an intake-balance method
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Peterson Courtney M. , Thomas Diana M. , Hirezi Michael , Zhang Bo , Smith Steven , Bray George , Redman Leanne
Published: June 2017

Background

Experimentally establishing a group’s body weight maintenance energy requirement is an important component of metabolism research. At present, the reference approach for measuring the metabolizable energy intake (MEI) from foods required for body weight maintenance in non-confined subjects is the doubly-labeled water (DLW)–total energy expenditure (TEE) method. In the current study, we evaluated an energy-intake weight balance method as an alternative to DLW that is more flexible and practical to apply in some settings.

Methods

The hypothesis was tested that MEI from foods observed in a group of subjects maintaining a constant energy intake while keeping their weight within ±1 kg over 10 days is non-significantly different from DLW-measured TEE (TEEDLW). Six non-obese subjects evaluated as part of an earlier study completed the inpatient protocol that included a 3-day initial adjustment period.

Results

The group body weight coefficient of variation (X ± SD) during the 10-day balance period was 0.38 ± 0.10% and the slope of the regression line for body weight versus protocol day was non-significant at 1.8 g/day (R2, 0.002, p = 0.98). MEI from foods observed during the 10-day balance period (2390 ± 543 kcal/day) was non-significantly different (p = 0.96) from TEE measured by DLW (2373 ± 713 kcal/day); the MEI/TEEDLW ratio was 1.03 ± 0.15 (range 0.87–1.27) and the correlation between MEI from foods and TEEDLW was highly significant (R2, 0.88, p = 0.005).

Conclusions

A carefully managed 10-day protocol that includes a constant MEI level from foods with weight stability (±1 kg) will provide a group’s body weight maintenance energy requirement similar to that obtained with DLW. This approach opens the possibility of conducting affordable weight balance studies, shorter in duration than those previously reported, that are needed to answer a wide range of questions in clinical nutrition.

Trial registration The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01672632; August 20, 2012).
Emerging roles of mechanical forces in chromatin regulation
Authors: Miroshnikova Yekaterina A. , Nava Michele M. , Wickström Sara A.
Published: June 2017

Cells are constantly subjected to a spectrum of mechanical cues, such as shear stress, compression, differential tissue rigidity and strain, to which they adapt by engaging mechanisms of mechanotransduction. While the central role of cell adhesion receptors in this process is established, it has only recently been appreciated that mechanical cues reach far beyond the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton, and are directly transmitted to the nucleus. Furthermore, changes in the mechanical properties of the perinuclear cytoskeleton, nuclear lamina and chromatin are critical for cellular responses and adaptation to external mechanical cues. In that respect, dynamic changes in the nuclear lamina and the surrounding cytoskeleton modify mechanical properties of the nucleus, thereby protecting genetic material from damage. The importance of this mechanism is highlighted by debilitating genetic diseases, termed laminopathies, that result from impaired mechanoresistance of the nuclear lamina. What has been less evident, and represents one of the exciting emerging concepts, is that chromatin itself is an active rheological element of the nucleus, which undergoes dynamic changes upon application of force, thereby facilitating cellular adaption to differential force environments. This Review aims to highlight these emerging concepts by discussing the latest literature in this area and by proposing an integrative model of cytoskeletal and chromatin-mediated responses to mechanical stress.
Feeding on ripening and over-ripening fruit: interactions between sugar, ethanol and polyphenol contents in a tropical butterfly
Authors: Beaulieu Michaël , Franke Kristin , Fischer Klaus
Published: June 2017

In ripe fruit, energy mostly derives from sugar, while in over-ripe fruit, it also comes from ethanol. Such ripeness differences may alter the fitness benefits associated with frugivory if animals are unable to degrade ethanol when consuming over-ripe fruit. In the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, we found that females consuming isocaloric solutions mimicking ripe (20% sucrose) and over-ripe fruit (10% sucrose, 7% ethanol) of the palm Astrocaryum standleyanum exhibited higher fecundity than females consuming a solution mimicking unripe fruit (10% sucrose). Moreover, relative to butterflies consuming a solution mimicking unripe fruit, survival was enhanced when butterflies consumed a solution mimicking either ripe fruits supplemented with polyphenols (fruit antioxidant compounds) or over-ripe fruits devoid of polyphenols. This suggests (1) that butterflies have evolved tolerance mechanisms to derive the same reproductive benefits from ethanol and sugar, and (2) that polyphenols may regulate the allocation of sugar and ethanol to maintenance mechanisms. However, variation in fitness due to the composition of feeding solutions was not paralleled by corresponding physiological changes (alcohol dehydrogenase activity, oxidative status) in butterflies. The fitness proxies and physiological parameters that we measured therefore appear to reflect distinct biological pathways. Overall, our results highlight that the energy content of fruit primarily affects the fecundity of B. anynana butterflies, while the effects of fruit consumption on survival are more complex and vary depending on ripening stage and polyphenol presence. The actual underlying physiological mechanisms linking fruit ripeness and fitness components remain to be clarified.
Polyaniline/MoSX Supercapacitor by Electrodeposition
Authors: Wang Yong , Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2017

Supercapacitors as a promising energy storage device have received significant attention. Here we report a facile, low cost and mass production strategy to prepare polyaniline (PANI)/molybdenum sulfide (MoSX) supercapacitor material by electrodeposition. More specifically, PANI was electrodeposited on glassy carbon (GC) through chrono amperometry followed by electrodeposition of MoSX via chrono potentiometry from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH4)2MoS4) precursor. This composite material was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, PANI/MoSX shows superior capacitance of 48.64 mF cm−2 at a current density of 56.62 µA cm−2 and long-term stability without any degradation during the 150 cycles. The enhanced capacitance observed is from the combination of electrochemical behaviors of PANI and MoSX.
Recent advances in methods to assess the activity of the kinome
Authors: Radu Maria , Chernoff Jonathan
Published: June 2017

Protein and lipid kinases are deregulated in most, if not all, cancers and are among the most valuable therapeutic targets in these diseases. Despite the introduction of dozens of effective kinase inhibitors into clinical practice, the development of drug resistance remains a major barrier to treatment because of adaption of cellular signaling pathways to bypass targeted kinases. So that the basal and adaptive responses of kinases in cancer can be better understood, new methods have emerged that allow simultaneous and unbiased measurement of the activation state of a substantial fraction of the entire kinome. Here, we discuss such kinome-profiling methodologies, emphasizing the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Assessment of injection safety in Ha Dong General Hospital, Hanoi, in 2012
Authors: Van Tuong Phan , Phuong Tran Thi Minh , Anh Bui Thi My , Nguyen Trang Huyen Thi
Published: June 2017

Background: Injection is one of the most frequently used medical methods to introduce drugs or other substances into the body for purposes of treatment or prevention. Unsafe injection can cause adverse outcomes, such as abscess and anaphylactic shock, and increases the risk of blood-borne transmission of viruses to patients and health care workers, as well as the community. Recognizing the importance of injection safety, in 2000 the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH) collaborated with the Vietnam Nurses Association to launch the “Safe injection” program throughout the country, including Hanoi.

Methods: This cross-sectional study, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, was conducted from February to August 2012 in Ha Dong General Hospital using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. The target population of the study was 109 nurses working in clinical departments and 436 injections were observed.

Results: The percentage of nurses who are familiar with injection safety standards was found to be 82.6%. The proportion of practical injections that met the 23 standards of injection safety set by the MOH amounted to 22.2%. The factors related to safe injection practice of nurses who are younger age group (OR=3.1; p<0.05) and lower amount of working years (OR=2.8; p<0.05).

Conclusions: A low proportion of nurses performed correct safety injection practice, which raises the need for further training about this issue, especially among older nurses.
RNAtor: an Android-based application for biologists to plan RNA sequencing experiments
Authors: Kane Shruti , Garg Himanshu , Krishnan Neeraja M. , Singh Aditya , Panda Binay
Published: June 2017

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technology that identifies novel transcripts (coding, non-coding and splice variants), understands transcript structures, and estimates gene/allele expression. Biologists face specific challenges while designing RNA-seq experiments. The nature of these challenges lies in determining the total number of sequenced reads and replicates required for detecting marginally differentially expressed transcripts, and in determining the adequate number of lanes to use in a sequencing flow cell. Despite previous attempts to address these challenges, easily accessible and biologist-friendly mobile applications do not exist. Thus, we developed RNAtor, a mobile application for Android platforms, to aid biologists in correctly designing their RNA-seq experiments. The recommendations from RNAtor are based on simulations and real data.
ПОНЯТИЕ КРАСОТЫ, ВЫРАЖЕННОЕ В СЛОВАХ ЭТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ГНЕЗДА ИНДОЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО КОРНЯ *LEIP
Authors: Galochkina Tatiana Anatolevna
Published: June 2017

Когнитивный подход к исследованию семантического развития слов обеспечивает более емкое описание их значений, особенно переносных, выраженных, как правило, в виде метафор.В статье описывается значение концептуальной метафоры в качестве инструмента исследования семантики слов со значением красоты, входящих в этимологическое гнездо индоевропейского корня *leip. Показана модель причинно-следственной связи между значением слов и концептуальным мышлением.Цель. Статья посвящена актуальному в настоящее время направлению в лингвистике – когнитивной семантике. Автор раскрывает семантическую взаимосвязь слов, входящих в этимологическое гнездо индоевропейского корня *leip, с использованием концептуальной метафоры.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют аналитический и герменевтический методы.Результаты. Автор доказывает причинно-следственную связь между значением слов и концептуальным мышлением.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при составлении этимологических словарей.
Educar para la ecociudadanía: contra la instrumentalización de la escuela como antesala del «mercado del trabajo»
Authors: Sauvé Lucie , Asselin Hugue
Published: June 2017

Frecuentados por influyentes lobbies, los sistemas educativos se impregnan cada vez más de las tendencias que caracterizan a nuestras sociedades contemporáneas, en particular, el fuerte predominio de la esfera económica en las relaciones sociales y la red de interacciones entre sociedad y medio ambiente. Este artículo presenta el análisis de un proyecto de política nacional que tiene por meta orientar la educación para favorecer un mejor acceso al «mercado del trabajo» y contribuir así a promover un cierto desarrollo económico. Veremos que esta iniciativa corresponde a las recomendaciones para la educación que formulan diversas instancias internacionales que consideran el crecimiento económico sostenido como la solución clave para resolver los problemas de nuestra humanidad. Examinaremos por fin los aportes potenciales de una educación para la ecociudadania al despliegue de un proyecto educativo que invita a los jóvenes a clarificar su propia visión del mundo, a tener una mirada crítica hacia las realidades socioecologicas, a redefinir la economía y a desarrollar un poder-hacer para reconstruir los lazos entre sociedad y naturaleza.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a potential tumour suppressor in pituitary adenomas
Authors: Formosa R , Borg J , Vassallo J
Published: June 2017

Pituitary adenomas (PA) represent the largest group of intracranial neoplasms and yet the molecular mechanisms driving this disease remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to use a high-throughput screening method to identify molecular pathways that may be playing a significant and consistent role in PA. RNA profiling using microarrays on eight local PAs identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway as a key canonical pathway downregulated in all PA types. This was confirmed by real-time PCR in 31 tumours. The AHR has been shown to regulate cell cycle progression in various cell types; however, its role in pituitary tissue has never been investigated. In order to validate the role of AHR in PA behaviour, further functional studies were undertaken. Over-expression of AHR in GH3 cells revealed a tumour suppressor potential independent of exogenous ligand activation by benzo α-pyrene (BαP). Cell cycle analysis and quantitative PCR of cell cycle regulator genes revealed that both unstimulated and BαP-stimulated AHR reduced E2F-driven transcription and altered expression of cell cycle regulator genes, thus increasing the percentage of cells in G0/G1phase and slowing the proliferation rate of GH3 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between AHR and retinoblastoma (Rb1) protein supporting this as a functional mechanism for the observed reduction. Endogenous Ahr reduction using silencing RNA confirmed the tumour suppressive function of the Ahr. These data support a mechanistic pathway for the putative tumour suppressive role of AHR specifically in PA, possibly through its role as a cell cycle co-regulator, even in the absence of exogenous ligands.
Childhood Illness and the Gender Gap in Adolescent Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Xing Anlu , Wise Paul , Darmstadt Gary L. , Bendavid Eran
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

Achieving gender equality in education is an important development goal. We tested the hypothesis that the gender gap in adolescent education is accentuated by illnesses among young children in the household.

METHODS:

Using Demographic and Health Surveys on 41 821 households in 38 low- and middle-income countries, we used linear regression to estimate the difference in the probability adolescent girls and boys were in school, and how this gap responded to illness episodes among children <5 years old. To test the hypothesis that investments in child health are related to the gender gap in education, we assessed the relationship between the gender gap and national immunization coverage.

RESULTS:

In our sample of 120 708 adolescent boys and girls residing in 38 countries, girls were 5.08% less likely to attend school than boys in the absence of a recent illness among young children within the same household (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.50%–4.65%). This gap increased to 7.77% (95% CI, 8.24%–7.30%) and 8.53% (95% CI, 9.32%–7.74%) if the household reported 1 and 2 or more illness episodes, respectively. The gender gap in schooling in response to illness was larger in households with a working mother. Increases in child vaccination rates were associated with a closing of the gender gap in schooling (correlation coefficient = 0.34, P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Illnesses among children strongly predict a widening of the gender gap in education. Investments in early childhood health may have important effects on schooling attainment for adolescent girls.
Is there a relationship between increased aortic stiffness and segmental left ventricular deformation in elite athletes? (Insights from the MAGYAR-Sport Study)
Authors: Nemes A , Kalapos A , Domsik P , Oszlánczi M , Lengyel C , Balogh L , Forster T
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Myocardial contractility of the left ventricle (LV) is related to arterial distensibility. Sport activity is frequently associated with changes in both LV and arterial functions. This study aimed to find correlations between three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived segmental LV deformation parameters and echocardiographically assessed aortic stiffness index (ASI) in athletes. This study comprised 26 young elite athletes (mean age: 26.7 ± 8.4 years, nine men).

Results

Among segmental circumferential strains (CSs), only that of apical anterior (r = 0.40, p = 0.05), septal (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), inferior (r = 0.59, p = 0.001), lateral (r = 0.44, p < 0.05), and midventricular anteroseptal (r = 0.44, p < 0.05) segments correlated with ASI, whereas LV-CS of the midventricular anterior segment showed a correlation tendency. Only longitudinal strain of basal anteroseptal (r = −0.46, p < 0.05) and inferoseptal (r = −0.57, p < 0.01) segments showed correlations with ASI, whereas that of the basal anterior segment had only a tendency to correlate. Some segmental multidirectional strains also correlated with ASI.

Conclusions

Correlations could be demonstrated between increased aortic stiffness and circular function of the apical and midventricular LV fibers and longitudinal motion of the basal septum and LV anterior wall (part of LV outflow tract) in maintaining circulation in the elite athletes.
Die Mishandelde Vrou in die Strafreg: 'n Regsvergelykende ondersoek
Authors: Matthee Jacques
Published: June 2017

This article seeks to critically examine recent criminal law developments in Australia, England and Wales that specifically address the situation in which battered women find themselves. This article specifically focuses on the question of whether or not South Africa can learn something from these developments in order to make better provision for battered women who kill their abusers after having suffered through years of physical abuse. The question of whether or not a separate defence can be created for battered women in South Africa is also explored in this article. In order to answer this question, an investigation is launched into suggested defences in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
PREVALENCE OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AND CONDUCT DISORDER IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Pondé Milena Pereira , Matos Mirella Lins , Oliveira Cinthia Cristina Pinto Bispo de
Published: June 2017

Aim:  To estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in children and adolescents previously diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods:  A cross-sectional study involving 71 children and adolescents previously diagnosed by a psychiatrist as having ASD.  All were enrolled at a school that accompanies only individuals with ASD.  The evaluation instruments consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the semi-structured interview Kiddie-SADS-PL for the investigation of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.  Results:  Overall, 62% of the children in the sample had some psychiatric comorbidity: 49.3% had some form of ADHD, 11.3% ODD and 1.4% CD.   In relation to the children with ADHD, 11.3% fulfilled the criteria for the inattentive subtype, 12.7% for the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, 7.1% for the combined subtype and 18.3% for ADHD not otherwise specified.  Conclusion:  These results ratify the clinical heterogeneity of ASD and highlight the importance of diagnosing comorbidities that could affect the clinical status and functioning level of children and adolescents with ASD.
IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF ORAL MUCOSITIS INDUCED BY CHEMOTHERAPY AND/OR RADIOTHERAPY: STATE OF ART
Authors: Dantas Juliana Borges de Lima , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Lima Hayana Ramos , Carrera Manoela Pereira , De Almeida Reis Sílvia Regina , Medrado Alena Peixoto
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Oral mucositis is a common and worrying clinical condition in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head and neck regions and aggressive chemotherapy. Mucositis manifests as a continuous process, which begins with erythematous and atrophic lesions, which can progress to very painful ulcers. The immunopathogenesis of oral mucositis is considered a complex cascade of biological events, and advances in its understanding might result in promising and effective therapies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to highlight the recent findings of the immunopathogenesis of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and their possible therapeutic agents. Methods and materials: scientific articles were selected in the PubMed and LILACS databases from December 2015 to May 2016, using the keywords in English "mucositis etiopathogenesis" and "mucositis". In PubMed 107 articles were found and, in LILACS, 61. The articles were selected after reading and those which reported detail on the immunopathology of oral mucositis were chosen. Results and conclusion: The literature indicates that histopathological changes related to oral mucositis, including apoptotic phenomenon, the action of certain chemical mediators and the influence of the oral cavity microbiota promote a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this type of injury and their biological development. Therefore, additional clinical studies based on scientific evidence are needed to get a better understanding of the immunopathology of oral mucositis and the determination of preventive agents and effective therapeutic for this deleterious effect arising from antineoplastic treatment.
Modified Filter-Transfer-Freeze ("FTF") Technique for Raman Microspectroscopic Analysis of Single Cells v2
Authors: T. Taylor Gordon , Zhuo-Qun "Emma" Li not provided , Elizabeth Suter not provided , Stephanie Chow not provided
Published: June 2017

A method for concentrating aquatic microbes for single-cell analysis by Raman microspectroscopy. Modified fromHewes and Holm-Hansen (1983): A Method for Recovering Nanoplankton from Filters for Identification with the Microscope: The Filter-Transfer-Freeze (FTF) Technique. Limnology and Oceanography. 28(2): 389-394. Many materials commonly used in microscopy to examine individual microorganisms contribute contaminating Raman scattered emissions, e.g., most types of membranes and filters, glass slides, cover slips, immersion oil, glycerol, etc. and are therefore unsuitable for this application. We developed a protocol that enables single-cell analysis while minimizing extraneous Raman scattered photons. The technique transfers cells from popular polycarbonate membranes to mirror-finished 304 stainless steel slides (1x3x0.0235') supplied by Stainless Supply® (Monroe, NC USA).
Evidence-Based Information Halves the Influence of Physicians’ Non-Evidence-Based Cancer Screening Recommendations v1
Authors: Wegwarth* Odette , Gert G. Wagner** not provided , Gerd Gigerenzer* not provided
Published: June 2017

Randomized survey study to test whether evidence-based patient information about cancer screening provided upfront to people make them less likely to simply follow a non-evidence-based recommendation of their physician
High quality DNA from Fusarium oxysporum conidia suitable for library preparation and long read sequencing with PacBio v1
Authors: Kaur Sukhwinder , Quyen Anh Pham not provided , and Lynn Epstein not provided
Published: June 2017

This protocol is for isolation of high quality, high molecular weight DNA (20 kb and larger) that is suitable for PacBio library preparation. This protocol has been tested on lyophilized conidia from multiple isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, including f. sp. apii, f. sp. ciceris, and f. sp. lycopersici.
A Look into a Professional Learning Community
Authors: Dehdary Nazanin
Published: June 2017

Professional learning communities are not commonplace in Iran and this is evidenced by the scant literature in this regard.  The present study is an attempt to fill the gap in the literature. This study was conducted in the hope of evaluating a professional learning community within an English language institute in Iran to detect the threats to its survival from the viewpoints of some of the teachers and members of the board of studies. The analysis of the data uncovered three major strengths the current PLC enjoys. These plus points are the dynamic work context, management policy, and a nexus of focus communities. There is, however, a consensus among participants that in recent years many teachers have detached themselves from different communities within the institute. The analysis of the data revealed sense of belonging, teacher’s view of the profession, infrastructure and flawed dialogue as the major threats.
Arab Learners of English and the Use of Discourse Markers in Writing
Authors: Mughrabi Farah Mohammad Al
Published: June 2017

This study aims at investigating the development level of Arab EFL learners in the use of discourse markers (DMs) in writing through the analysis of their errors. For this purpose, two types of questions regarding the use of DMs (additive, causative, adversative, and temporal) were distributed to 40 undergraduates (20 males & 20 females), first, second, third, and fourth year English-major, in the academic year 2015, at the Hashemite University in Jordan. The study concludes that students' level in using DMs becoming better and better as their academic level evolves.
Cultivation of Translation Competence — A Study on Translation Teaching in College English Teaching in Leshan Normal University, Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zou Li
Published: June 2017

The paper probes into the translation competence of non-English majors in college English study, based on a study carried out in Leshan Normal University in terms of translation teaching in college English teaching. Questionnaires on EFL teachers and students as well as data analysis are implemented with an aim to find out the current problems of translation teaching in college English and non-English majors’ translation competence. Based on the problems, the author draws the conclusions and raises some suggestions, trying to help non-English majors to improve their translation competence and also to help EFL teachers to perfect their teaching approaches in translation teaching. The paper’s findings are supposed to not only apply to Leshan Normal University but also apply to other colleges and universities in China.
Steuerungsdienste aus der Cloud auf Basis IEC 61131
Authors: Langmann Reinhard , Stiller Michael
Published: June 2017

Der Beitrag stellt Konzept und Implementierung für Cloud-based Industrial Control Services (CICS) vor. Eine CICS-Steuerung kann als verteiltes dienstorientiertes Steuerungssystem in der Cloud die klassische SPS für Anwendungen mit unkritischem Zeitverhalten im Sinne von Industrie 4.0 ersetzen. Die CICS-Dienste werden industrieüblich nach Standard IEC 61131-3 programmiert und in einer CICSRuntime in der Cloud ausgeführt.
Process Operation 4.0
Authors: Hollender Martin , Graven Tone Grete , Partini Jeton , Schäring Pierre
Published: June 2017

Digitalization, Internet of Things, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality are some examples of rapidly developing areas of technology with high impact on how industrial processes will be operated in the future. Normal operations are usually already highly automated and will be even more automated in the future. Tasks like fault detection, diagnosis and process optimization are becoming more complex. Many of those tasks can be best handled by interdisciplinary teams with broad expertise and knowledge about process, plant, operations, maintenance, networks, sensors and actuators. Collaborative Process Operations makes it possible to efficiently bring disciplines together to focus on the problem at hand. Big Data and Artificial Intelligence tools support teams and make them as efficient as possible. Previously isolated control rooms become networked control centers for the Industry 4.0 high performance work force. Work environments must support collaboration at all levels and support high performance work around the clock.
Technische Fehler in Robotern mit elastischen Aktoren – Experteneinschätzungen und methodische Analysen
Authors: Beckerle Philipp , Perner Gernot , Stuhlenmiller Florian , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: June 2017

Robotersysteme mit elastischen Aktoren ermöglichen eine sichere Mensch-Roboter- Interaktion und einen energieeffizienten Betrieb. Da steigende Komplexität und kritische Betriebssituationen das Auftreten von Fehlern begünstigen können, untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag technische Fehler bei Robotersystemen mit elastischen Aktoren. Um relevante Fehler zu identifizieren und zu bewerten, wurden Expertenaussagen aus einer Onlinebefragung statistisch ausgewertet und zudem methodische Analysen an einem Praxisbeispiels durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde ein Aktor mit variabler Torsionssteifigkeit einer Funktions- und Strukturanalyse unterzogen und deren Daten für eine Fehlermöglichkeits- und -einflussanalyse genutzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit bestätigt zum einen die Ergebnisse früherer Studien. Darüber hinaus untermauert sie die praktische Relevanz von Fehlern in den elastischen Elementen und deutet darauf hin, dass Fehler im Allgemeinen entscheidende Auswirkungen auf die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion haben können. Aus methodischer Sicht, erscheint die Fehlermöglichkeits- und -einflussanalyse für die Fehleranalyse im Systemengineering sehr geeignet.
Perception of Complete Visually Impaired Children to Three Different Oral Health Education Methods: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Mudunuri S , Sharma A , Subramaniam P
Published: June 2017

Aim: To evaluate the perception of visually impaired children to three different methods of oral health education. Study design: Sixty total visually impaired children were divided into three groups of 20 children each. Children in group-I received oral health education through a lecture. Children in group II received Demonstration on a Model by Tell and Touch method (DMTT) and children in group III were self trained on oral hygiene skills. All children received written instructions in Braille. Their knowledge and practice of oral hygiene methods were recorded by a questionnaire and their method of brushing and rinsing was assessed during a personal interview. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Children in group II were able to brush and rinse significantly better (p <0.05) as compared to the other groups. Demonstration on a Model by Tell and Touch method was found to be the most preferred method of oral health education. Conclusion: Oral health education given through DMTT method was perceived well by the visually impaired children.
Discurso opositivo e ironia na página "Humans of Protesto" / Oppositional speech and irony at the page "humans of protesto"
Authors: Serrano Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2017

RESUMO: A página do Facebook Humans of Protesto expõe de forma irônica os atores apresentados como mais incoerentes e bizarros das manifestações ocorridas principalmente em 15 de março e 12 de abril de 2015, lideradas pelo Movimento Brasil Livre, Vem Pra Rua e Revoltados On Line. A estratégia de argumentação realizada para desqualificar os protestos e qualificar negativamente seus participantes é analisada neste artigo com base nas definições de Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) sobre os lugares comuns e os discursos retóricos, diferentes formas de argumentação. O estudo possibilita a compreensão de como as estratégias de discurso net-ativista promovidas pela página analisada são construídas para aumentar a adesão de quem acessa seu conteúdo. ABSTRACT: The Facebook page Humans of Protesto exposes in an ironic way the more inconsistent and bizarre characters of demonstrations mainly occurred in March 15th and April 12th of 2015, led by Movimento Brasil Livre, Vem Pra Rua and Revoltados On Line. The strategy of argumentation carried out to discredit the protests and negatively qualify its participants is analyzed based on the definitions of Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) about platitudes and rhetorical speeches, different forms of argumenting. The study allows the understanding of how speech strategies promoted by that page is built to increase the support of those who access its contents.
O Popol Wuj como ferramenta de ensino na era da informação / The Popol Wuj as a tool to learn at the age of information
Authors: Barrera Conrad Sackl Ana Maria
Published: June 2017

RESUMO:Este artigo aborda o devir do Manuscrito do Popol Wuj (XIMÉNEZ, 1700) de origem pré-hispânica, um dos textos mais antigos das Américas, sobrevivente da colonização espanhola e conservado até a era da informação. Justifica-se seu estudo pelo fato de a obra ser largamente utilizada nas escolas da América Latina, porém pouco aproveitada no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever alguns detalhes do trabalho de restauração do manuscrito na Newberry Library de Chicago e sua posterior digitalização na Universidade de Ohio (The Ohio State University), abordar algumas características ontológicas do manuscrito e do documento digitalizado e comentar as funcionalidades de ambas a partir do ponto de vista de autores como Genette (2009) e Biasi (2007 e 2010). Finalmente pesquisa-se a epistemologia do texto maia por considerá-lo um aporte para as discussões sobre novos paradigmas a respeito da ecologia, seguindo as considerações de di Felice (2012) sobre redes de informação. Nessa perspectiva, propõe-se que o Popol Wuj é uma ferramenta didática para o ensino interdisciplinar e intercultural.  ABSTRACT:This article deals with the topic of the historical path and the future of the Popol Wuj (Ximénez, 1700), a mythic manuscript that survived the Spanish colonization. Considered to be one of the oldest Pre-Hispanic texts found in the Americas, the book has remained preserved till our Information Age. The text, widely used in Latin-American schools, is not yet well known in Brazil. The goal of this research is to understand the epistemology of the text, considering it appropriate for an ecological education, in accordance with the Net Information concepts from Massimo di Felice (2012).The article also describes some details of the restoration of the manuscript and its digitalization, done at Ohio State University. After a commentary on the ontological and functional characteristics of the manuscript and its digitalized copies, taken from the point of view of authors like Genette (2009) and Biasi (2007 e 2010), we point out that the Popol-Wuj is an efficient tool for interdisciplinary and intercultural teaching.
Consciência linguística no uso de estratégias de leitura na escola, em tecnologia virtual e tecnologia não virtual / Linguistic awareness in the use of reading strategies at school, on virtual and non-virtual technology
Authors: Pereira Vera Wannmacher , Santos Thais Vargas
Published: June 2017

RESUMO:Neste artigo, é relatado um estudo que examinou a contribuição de materiais de leitura de crônicas, contos e fábulas, em tecnologia virtual e tecnologia não virtual, para 52 alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, no que se refere à consciência linguística no uso de estratégias de leitura (predição, leitura detalhada e scanning). Tal estudo tem como suporte os estudos psicolinguísticos sobre leitura aplicados ao ensino, com apoio da Computação. Envolveu a produção dos materiais de ensino, a preparação da equipe, a elaboração e a aplicação desses materiais em oficinas na escola selecionada, a elaboração e a aplicação de pré-teste antes das oficinas e de pós-teste após as oficinas e o tratamento dos dados. Os resultados indicam: diferença significativa na comparação pré e pós-teste; diferença não significativa na comparação entre as tecnologias (virtual e não virtual) com tendência favorável à não virtual na leitura da fábula e da crônica e à virtual na leitura do conto; presença de diferença significativa em situações pontuais no que se refere à comparação de desempenho entre as estratégias de leitura.  ABSTRACT:In this article, we report a study that examined the contribution of reading materials of chronicles, short stories and fables, on virtual and non-virtual technologies, to 52 students of the 9th grade of Middle School, regarding linguistic awareness in the use of reading strategies (prediction, detailed reading and scanning). This study is based on Psycholinguistic studies on reading applied to teaching, with support on Computation. The research involved the teaching materials production, the team preparation, the construction and application of these materials in workshops at the selected school, the construction and application of pre-test before the workshops and post-test after the workshops and the data treatment. The results indicate: significant difference in the pre-test and post-test comparison; a non-significant difference in the comparison between technologies (virtual and non-virtual) with tendency towards non-virtual in the fable and chronicle reading and favorable to virtual in the tale reading; presence of a significant difference in specific situations regarding the comparison of performance among the reading strategies.
Comparison of vaginal and oral misoprostol, for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death
Authors: K. Kala , Rani Anupama V. , N. Dharmavijaya M. , M. Umashankar K.
Published: June 2017

Background: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue, a methyl-ester of prostaglandin E1 additionally methylated at C-16. Misoprostol is an effective myometrial stimulant of pregnant uterus, selectively binding to prostanoid receptors. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal and oral misoprostol for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death (IUFD).Methods: A prospective randomised clinical trial, comparing 50µg oral and 50µg vaginal misoprostol, six hourlies for a maximum of four doses for the induction of labour in women with IUFD. All patients with IUFD after 28 weeks without previous uterine surgeries, without contraindications for prostaglandins are included in the study. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote. Bangalore from June 2012 to June 2015. It is a tertiary institution serving predominantly rural population. The primary outcome measure was the induction to delivery time, secondary all complications were noted.Results: Twenty-five women were randomised to the vaginal route and twenty-five to the oral route. The induction to delivery time was longer with vaginal misoprostol 10.5±4.03 compared to oral misoprostol (9.58±4.9). There was no significant difference in the amount of misoprostol needed to achieve successful induction in the two groups. 3 patients needed oxytocin augmentation to complete the induction of labour. There were no cases of failed induction. The systemic side effects (shivering, diarrhoea, vomiting and pyrexia) were more common with oral misoprostol (44.5%) compared to vaginal misoprostol (20%).Conclusions: Oral misoprostol achieved successful induction of labour in women with IUFD in a shorter time than vaginal misoprostol. Both routes are equally effective in termination of pregnancy. Sublingual route is easy to administer, patient compliant, no need for internal examination, less chance of labour dysfunction, less chance of post-partum sepsis.
Study of perinatal autopsies in tertiary care hospital 20 year experience
Authors: Kamakeri N. S. , C. A. Ramalingappa , D. Vinayraju
Published: June 2017

Background: Losing a baby is painful. Looking for answers can help. Although nothing can change the loss, a perinatal autopsy may offer answers to better understand what happened. A perinatal autopsy is a medical exam done on the fetus or infant to help explain the cause of death. This exam may also find the underlying reason for an illness, disease or birth defect.Methods: Babies of mothers with bad obstetrics history, died in utero, neonatal period and baby deaths of unknown cause were subjected for clinical autopsy in the last 20 years. Based on the major and associated pathological findings, an attempt was made to find the cause of death.Results: Immaturity of the organs found to be the most common cause for perinatal death. Meconium aspiration pneumonia, external congenital abnormalities are found to be the other common causes for perinatal mortality.Conclusions: Perinatal autopsies are the effective method of finding the cause of perinatal death, and helps to some extent in preventing the future loses.
Diagnostic accuracy of chromohysteroscopy in women with unexplained infertility
Authors: Chopra Kanika , Trivedi S. S. , Patra Sharda
Published: June 2017

Background: Chronic endometritis has been related to infertility but it is usually asymptomatic and the diagnosis is rarely suspected clinically. In cases of absence of any macroscopic abnormalities during conventional hysteroscopy, endometrial dyeing using methylene blue help identify abnormal areas and coupled with the histopathological examination gives a better diagnosis of endometritis.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 infertile women in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi over a period of one year. All women under- went hysteroscopy followed by chromohysteroscopy using 1% methylene blue dye. Biopsy was taken from light and dark stained areas. The histopathology results of these samples were compared and analyzed in relation with hysteroscopic and chromohysteroscopic findings and diagnostic accuracy calculated.Results: Out of 100 women who underwent dianostic hysteroscopy 68 cases had normal findings and 32 had abnormal finding and on chromohysteroscopy light staining pattern was seen in 56 cases and 44 cases had dark staining. Histopathology of biopsy tissue from these dark stained areas showed endometritis in 50% (22 out of 44 cases) and normal endometrium in 50% (22 out of 44) cases, and biopsy from light stained area showed chronic endometritis in 5.35% (3 out of 56) cases and remaining 94.65% had normal endometrium. Diagnostic accuracy of chromohysteroscopy were sensitivity=88%, specificity=70.66%, PPV=50%, NPV=94.6%.Conclusions: Chromohysteroscopy is a simple and effective technique for diagnosing endometrial pathology in cases of infertility.
Postpartum IUCD: its acceptance and complications
Authors: Garg Nishi , Grover Seema , Kaur Bhupinder
Published: June 2017

Background: Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device is the most commonly used reversible method of contraception worldwide. Immediate PPIUCD insertion is labelled when intra uterine device is inserted within 10 minutes to 48 hours of expulsion of placenta. The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of women accepting PPIUCD, factors influencing its acceptance, to look for side effects like bleeding disturbances, expulsion, lost strings, pain abdomen and pelvic infection etc. and the drop-out rates for follow up after PPIUCD.Methods: This was an open prospective, and longitudinal study to assess the safety and acceptance of the Multi-load when inserted within 10 minutes to 48 hours of placental expulsion.Results: During the period of January 2015 to November 2015 there were total 1624 deliveries in the said period in the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology of GGS Medical College and Hospital Faridkot. Out of these 714 delivered by LSCS and 910 delivered Vaginally. After excluding 470 patients were counselled, only 97 (20.64%) accepted PPIUCD. Out of these 67 (69%) patients had post placental insertion. 15.4% underwent immediate postpartum insertion. 15.4% got PPIUCD with cesarean section. (25.77%) patients had missing threads/strings, 12 (12.37%) patients had mild pain and 9 women (9.27%) had excessive discharge.Conclusions: PPIUCD is cost effective and a very safe means of contraception. Postpartum period is the period when patient is highly motivated for contraception and can be easily counselled. PPIUCD has a huge potentiality and abundant scope in India and if widely used it will have a strong impact on population control and will prevent unplanned pregnancy and its sequelae.
Efficiency and safety of single dose Magnesium sulphate in eclamptic convulsion
Authors: Goudar Vinaya , Naganagoudaru Rashmi
Published: June 2017

Background: An acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy is characterized by the appearance of tonic clonic seizures, in a patient with pre-eclampsia. Objective of the study was to study the efficacy and safety of a ‘single dose’ of magnesium sulphate in treatment of eclamptic convulsions.Methods: The present prospective study was undertaken among women aged between 18-35 years outpatient’s Department of gynecology in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hubli, Karnataka, India. The study was undertaken during December 2009 to November 2010.Results: The incidence of eclampsia in our study was 2.12%. Eclapmsia is more common in patients from rural (89%) as compared to urban areas (11%) in our study. In our study eclampsia is more common in unbooked cases (80%). Majority of patients (72%) in our study group were illiterates. 61%, 28% of patients had antepartum and intrapartum eclampsia respectively in our study. We had only 11 post-partum convulsions Table 2. 80% of patients in our study were more than 28 weeks of gestations. 65% of the patients had <5 episodes of convulsions. The number of convulsions did not affect the recurrence, and 35% had >5 episodes. In present study 5 Patients had Systolic Blood Pressure less than 140 mmHg. Majority (52) had more than 160 mmHg 42 had in between 140 and 160 mmHg. Diastolic arterial pressure was >110 in 81% of cases. The convulsions were controlled in 75% of women. Recurrence of convulsions occurred in 25% of women after receiving the single dose magnesium sulphate regime. In our study 75% of cases, there was no recurrence of convulsions and in 25% of cases, there was recurrence of convulsions, out of which 20 cases received low dose magnesium sulphate regime and the other 5 cases received Phenytoin regime as 2nd line of treatment.Conclusions: Hence the single dose Magnesium sulphate is safe and effective in controlling convulsions.