bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical description of preheating a gas-air mixture in a gas burner with a heat divider
Authors: Ramazanov R S , Suslov D Y , Kushchev L A , Seminenko A S
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of thermal processes occurring during the operation of a household gas burner. The preparation of gas fuel for combustion is one of the important functions that a gas burner performs. At the same time, when designing gas burner devices, it is important to determine the final temperature of the gas-air mixture inside the burner body, since an increase in the temperature of the resulting mixture makes it possible to intensify the combustion process. We have proposed a solution that allows to intensify the transfer of heat in the body of a gas burner from the lid heated due to contact with the flame to the gas flow using the thermal shape of the conical divider installed in the center on the inner side of the lid. It has been established that the location of the heat divider in the center on the inner side of the cover allows minimizing or completely eliminating the formation of a stagnant zone. The conical shape of the heat divider provides less resistance to the oncoming flow movement, and also because of its own side surface, it allows you to increase the useful area of the heat exchange surface. An expression is obtained for determining the final temperature of the gas-air mixture at the outlet from the firing holes of the burner body.
The usage of water conditioning sludge from heat power industry enterprises in wall ceramics production
Authors: Starostina I V , Peganova O V , Shevtsova R G , Shakurova N V
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the ecological problems of water conditioning systems at heat power industry facilities. It is noted that the stable operation of water-heating equipment is provided with the quality of feed water. Various water-soluble salts, which can incrust the inner walls of boilers or pipelines, are removed from the natural water. For desalination of natural water the physical-chemical methods are mostly used. The by-product of desalination or chemical water-conditioning systems is the sludge waste. This work presents the results of using chemical water conditioning sludge from JSC Verofarm in the raw charge for wall ceramics production. The sludge is a finely-divided powder, the mineral composition of which is presented with calcium and magnesium carbonates, brucite and iron compounds, which make the sludge pink. It has been determined that the baking of sludge-containing ceramic samples at temperature 1000°C results in dissociation of calcium and magnesium carbonates with the formation of gaseous products H2O and CO2, which make the structure of ceramic materials porous. The presence of iron compounds in the raw charge promotes the formation of low-temperature silicate melt, which intensifies the baking process of ceramic samples. The optimal sludge content in the charge that doesn’t reduce the strength characteristics of wall ceramics is 10%. Such sludge content forms the liquid phase on the surface of the raw mix’s particles, which solidifies the forming pores. The increase of sludge content up to 20% intensifies gas generation; the amount of the formed liquid phase is not sufficient, which increases porosity and reduces the density and strength of ceramic materials. At that, the engobe layer is formed on the surface of the obtained wall ceramics samples. The wall ceramics products, obtained with the use of chemical water conditioning sludge, can be used as structural heat-insulation materials in making building envelopes or interior partitions.
Physical Device for Measuring Tension in a Wire
Authors: Dr. Yusuf R , Dr. Shashikiran N D , Chanamallappa Ganiger Dr. , Sadashiv Shetty Dr.
Published: March 2021

This paper provide a physical device for measuring tension in a wire of an orthodontic brace. The wire is having a closed circumference and capable of being wind in a winding position around brackets of two teeth. The device includes an anchoring member, a holding portion and a display. The anchoring member is having a first end attachable with the wire in the winding position and a second end attachable with the holding portion of the device. The device upon pulling the wire by anchoring the anchoring member along with its length, measures the tension exerted by the wire on the teeth and displays the measured data on the display of the device.
Modelling the dynamic behaviour of car hydraulic dampers
Authors: Dobre A
Published: March 2021

When the vehicle travels on a road, that usually isn’t perfectly smooth, this having a series of irregularities, occur shocks and vibrations due to the interaction of the wheels with the irregularities of the road, as well oscillations of sprung and unsprung masses that characterize comfort. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental researches undertaken by the author on the dynamic behaviour of hydraulic shock absorbers, in order to improve the comfort and dynamics of vehicles. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the damping characteristics of hydraulic dampers using simulation with AMESim specialized program. To validate the model, a set of experimental determinations was used with the help of a hydraulic dampers test stand. The experimental researches undertaken allowed to determine the real dynamic characteristics of the damper and to identify the influence of the parameters on these characteristics.
Behaviour of Structural Elements made of Geopolymer Concrete with Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Srinivas T , Abhignya G
Published: March 2021

In the current scenario, concrete construction is rapidly becoming an uneconomical and unsustainable operation because of the lack of raw materials and environmental degradation caused by the production of cement. In this study, an attempt was made to propose recycled aggregates from demolition waste as coarse aggregates in geopolymer concrete (GPC). Experimental studies have been carried out to determine an optimum percentage of recycled aggregates (RA) in GPC by replacing 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent, and 60 percent and behaviour of structural elements also, such as beams and columns, when these are subjected to bending and axial compression . Beams and columns of 150 mm × 150 mm × 1200 mm were prepared and tested under two point loading on beams and axial loading on columns of OPC, GPC and RGPC elements. From this study, it is found that an optimum replacement percentage of recycled aggregate was 40 percent based on mechanical properties and flexural behaviour of RGPC, GPC are relatively similar, but better than OPC element.
Construction automation
Authors: Prakash Akula , Mounika Kandlagunta , Anand Goud K , Vittalaiah A
Published: March 2021

Construction industry is creating a lot of enthusiasm for the construction network throughout the most recent couple of decades. This incorporates with skilled work power, adequate cash, and time when it is finished by ordinarily. As these necessities are not constantly accessible in all circumstances, the industry is confronting issues like consistently declining profitability, low work productivity in construction, a high mishap rate, low quality, deficient control of the building site, and the evaporating of the talented work power. To conquer the previously mentioned issues the terms ROBOTICS and AUTOMATION presented. The robots utilized in the construction have followed a similar idea as those utilized in assembling. Building robots have been utilized in different errands including material taking care of, different inside and outside completing assignments and quality control. Be that as it may, this use of mechanical autonomy in the construction business is not completely embraced. The purposes behind this circumstance are distinguished as existing robots are not all around embraced to building construction, issues related with the routinely planned structure, hard to legitimize robot business financially and administrative hindrances. The construction business requests a profitability increment that cannot be achieved by methods for customary techniques that have just arrived at their framework confines and cannot add to advance viability. Further justification must be accomplished by the decrease of work and construction times. Maybe if no critical research advances, temporary workers will have the option to tackle their issues by bringing in mechanical technology and procedure-controlled machines from abroad. Consequently, there is a need to sustain the advancement of effective innovative work programs in construction mechanization and apply autonomy. This paper makes an endeavour to utilize robots in the construction business, recorded to diminish risks at work destinations, improve quality, and decrease the expense of construction. A contextual investigation has been considered to show the appropriateness of robots in the construction business.
Studies on strength parameters of blended self cured concrete with natural and manufactured sand on the impact of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Vivek Kumar C , Swaminathen Dr. A.N. , Chandana I. , Selwyn Babu Dr.J.
Published: March 2021

Construction companies now use manufactured sand instead of natural river sand in concrete for a day, where the exploration limitation applies to river sand along with the implementation rule. Water, meanwhile, is also the most prevalent aspect of the concrete manufacturing curing process, and it is now scarce for a few days due to a greater rise in human population growth. In contrast to the traditional curing process, self-curing concrete minimizes the use of potable water. In addition to chemical admixture with the mixture, this paper deals with the various studies of fresh and hardened concrete specimens and findings with the self-curing agent mixed with PEG 400 with Fly Ash and GGBFS in different proportions. The results for the various combinations of blended proportions are correlated with the substitution of manufactured sand (M-Sand) with river sand with both ordinary self-curing concrete and mixed self – curing concrete with M30 grade. Attempts have been made to study the properties of blended self – curing concrete with Manufactured Sand.
Mix design challenges of porous concrete pavements modified with mineral admixtures
Authors: Tarangini D. , Radha Kiranmaye B. , Sravana Dr.P. , Srinivasa Rao Dr.P.
Published: March 2021

Pervious concrete has been gaining importance in pavement constructions and low volume road applications. It has applications in parking lots, footpaths and can be used with other materials to prevent erosion. The main problem of porous concrete pavement is its strength. This mainly depends on its pore structure, cement matrix, aggregate gradation, cement content, admixtures and water/cement ratio. The research aims at determining the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete with W/C of 0.34.Variations in aggregate sizes is considered and admixtures like fly ash, micro silica, nano silica and superplasticizer are used. The test results show significant difference in compressive strength with variations in admixtures addition. The results were in good agreement in the case of mixtures with W/C of 0.34 and 3% nano silica with respect to compress ive strengths and permeability.
Evaluation of correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete using alccofine and nano silica
Authors: Ashwini K , Srinivasa Rao P
Published: March 2021

In the present study correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete was studied using both experimental and analytically predicted results. Three grades of concrete M40, M50, and M60 were considered by replacing its cement content with alccofine and nano-silica. Experimental results of compressive and splitting tensile strength were evaluated using 150mm cubes and cylinders of diameter 150mm and height 300mm for 28 days of curing in water. An equation was proposed for correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength from experimental data using regression analysis and analytical results were predicted. Accuracy of empirical equations reported by researchers and the proposed equation was analyzed employing Root Mean Square Error, Integral Absolute Error, Normal Efficiency and Mean Absolute Error statistical parameters. Good compliance between experimental and analytical results was observed.
Slag resistant and refractory ceramic compositions in MgO – Al2O3 – SiO2 system on the base of local raw materials of Uzbekistan
Authors: Babakhanova Z A , Kh Aripova M
Published: March 2021

Forsterite and spinel-corundum ceramic materials were obtained in the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system based on local raw materials of Uzbekistan - talc-magnesite of Zinelbulak deposit, kaolin of Angren deposit and inorganic additives (fused periclase PPE-87, electric fused corundum). The formations of various phases were studied using XRD and SEM-EDS. Study of chemical-mechanical properties of ceramic samples showed that spinel-corundum composition have density from 2520 to 2770 kg/m3, water absorption rate from 10.52 to 11.71%, open porosity from 27 to 31%, apparent density from 2420 to 2750 kg/m3, compressive strength from 100 to 120 MPa, characterized by increased refractoriness (it was 1750 °C for forsterite ceramic materials, for spinel-corundum more than 1800 °C) and slag resistance under metallurgy slags. The synthesis of spinel in optimal compositions occurs at 300 °C lower than the traditional sintering temperature of spinel products, which contributes to significant energy savings in the synthesis of highly refractory spinel-corundum materials.
PID Controller Design with Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Stable and Unstable SOPDT Processes
Authors: Vivek Durga , Bharath kumar Dr.P.
Published: March 2021

The design of Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller for the various types of stable and unstable processes with the dynamic model having Second-Order Plus-Dead-Time (SOPDT) is focused in this work. This work initiated with the rejection of load disturbance by connecting PID controller to the system through feedback and then a set-point filter is connected in forward path to achieve proper tracking of reference. The direct synthesis method is applied to get the ranges of PID parameter values and the sharp optimum parameter values which suits for the process can be achieved by introducing Cuckoo Search algorithm which is taken from a class of meta-heuristic algorithms.
Lead-free ferroelectric barium titanate -based thin film for tunable microwave device application
Authors: Vu Thu-Hien , Phuong Nguyen T. M. , Nguyen Tai
Published: March 2021

Lead-free ferroelectric barium titanate-based (Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3, BSZT) thin films have been successfully deposited on Pt- coated silicon substrates by a spin-coating solgel method. Microstructure and dielectric respones of the Pt/BSZT/Pt thin film capacitors were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction analysis results indicated that BSZT thin films were well crystallized in tetragonal perovskite structure with a random crystal orientation at rather low temperature of 650 °C. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the thin film capacitors were performed at various bias voltage ranges and frequency from 1kHz up to 5MHz. Hysteresis C-V curves with two maxima confirmed the ferroelectric nature in the film. The BSZT capacitors provide excellent dielectric tunability ∼ 42- 69% and high figure-of-merit (FOM) ∼ 4-17 at different bias voltages.
Studies on strength behaviour of green self cured concrete with ecosand with impact of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Vivek Kumar C , Vamsi Krishna K , Suresh B , Venkatacharyulu S
Published: March 2021

Construction firms now use artificial sand or else manufactured sand in concrete for a day instead of natural river sand, where the excavation prohibition applies to river sand along with the implementation law. Natural sand or River sand are one of the constituents of concrete taken from a river. The problems of deterioration of the ecosystem and costly and the condition of the natural sand of river is rising day by day. About the Global Natural sand consumption has increased because of excessive use of concrete to ensure a very strong demand for river san, where Eco Sand is necessary to replace natural silica. Potable Water, meanwhile, is also the extremely ubiquitous feature for the concrete production and curing activity, and it is now insufficient for a limited period due to a superior growth in human population growth. Self-curing concrete helps to reduce the use of potable water, in contrast to the traditional curing system. In supplement to chemical admixture with the concrete mixture, this paper deals with the various studies of fresh and hardened concrete specimens with various replacement level of Eco sand and findings with the self-curing agent mixed with PEG 400 with Fly Ash and GGBFS proportioning. The results are correlated with the replacement of Eco sand with river sand with both ordinary self-curing concrete and blended self-curing concrete with M30 grade for the different combinations of blended proportions. Attempts have been made to research with Eco Sand to identify the properties of blended self-curing concrete.
Friction stir welding and processing-a perspective review
Authors: Verma Sanjeev , Kumar Vinod
Published: March 2021

The paper reviews the basic principles of friction stir welding, its methodology, and all other technical aspects. As reported by different researchers, the effect of varying welding variables such as tool geometry, tool-tilt angle and tool materials on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded materials, and weld quality are reported and discussed. The paper covers the various mechanical and metallurgical properties of similar/dissimilar aluminium alloys and other metal joints welded using friction stir welding (FSW). The attempt has been made to present a comprehensive review of some of the salient works carried out by various researchers pertaining to friction stir processing (FSP) /FSW of aluminium alloys. The paper also identifies the existing research gaps in the area of FSW, which should be explored in future.
Compressive Strength of Mortar Containing Cockle Shell Waste as Mixing Ingredient
Authors: Muthusamy Khairunisa , Embong Rahimah , Jose Rajan , Mohamad Nabilla , Syahira Hanim Kamarul Bahrin Nur
Published: March 2021

Undesirable pollution issue posed by disposal of shells from cockle trade and greenhouse gases release by cement industry requires solution. In view of cleaner environment, reducing waste dumped could be achieved through utilization of shell waste in cement production. In line with sustainable construction concept, production of construction material that contains lesser natural resources and combined with existing solid waste is more environmentally friendly. In relation to that, transforming the cockle shell waste into a value-added item such as partial cement replacement in construction material would reduce waste disposed to the environment. An experimental work was carried out to investigate the effect of cockle shell powder as a material for partial cement replacement on compressive strength and water absorption of mortar. Powdered cockle shell of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were integrated as partial cement replacement. Air curing method were used for all specimens. Specimen were subjected to compressive strength and water absorption test. The finding shows that incorporation of 10% cockle shell powder enhances compressive strength of mortar and reduces the percentage of water absorbed.
The Assessment on the Acceptance of Waste Materials as a Partial Cement Replacement in Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Syahida Adnan Zaidatul , Farhayu Ariffin Nur , Maszura Syed Mohsin Sharifah , Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim Nor
Published: March 2021

The numbers of Malaysia construction industry had been increasing in several years with the large construction building and infrastructures projects had been constructed. Therefore, these developments led to an increase of cement production. The production of cement causes a wider environmental implication such as air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution which are very dangerous for human health. This is due to the manufacturing of cement that release dust, toxic and carbon dioxide emissions, which is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases. To overcome this problem, several researches had been conducted for the past few decades to develop a new material to replace cement. Most of the materials selected are from waste materials that has similar chemical properties and mechanical properties. From the research, most of the results show a positive performance in concrete and suitable to be use as a cement replacement. Unfortunately, the research stops at the research stage where it is rarely seen that these waste materials had been used in construction, especially in Malaysia. Most of the developers did not corporate these waste materials as a cement replacement in their construction work due to unclear reasons. Therefore, this study had been conducted to investigate the factors of un-implementation of waste materials in construction industry especially in Malaysian construction. This can be achieved by intensive literature review on properties and performance of waste materials in concrete. An interview session with an expertise also had been conducted to design a questionnaire that later had been distributed to 140 respondents from construction site background especially registered contractor Class G1-G7 all around Peninsular Malaysia. The data had been analyzed and the factor contribute to un-implemented of waste materials in construction had been identified. From the data analysis, factors that contributes to the un-implemented are due to lack of awareness and knowledge about waste materials as a cement replacement. Thus, to overcome this problem, respondents suggest that the workshop need to be conducted to spread the awareness and give a knowledge regarding waste materials as a cement replacement.
CFD Simulation of the Oil Displacement in Micromodel for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application
Authors: Jacinta P P Y A , Majnis M F , Musa S A
Published: March 2021

Diminishing hydrocarbon reserves in oil reservoirs and the need to sustain continuous oil production have prompted researchers to further investigate Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. Researchers also test run these processes before EOR fluid injection into the reservoir to maximise oil production whilst minimising reservoir damage and fluid loss. This study aims to simulate oil displacement during the injection of two different types of EOR injection fluid, namely of water and polymer, using a commercial CFD software known as ANSYS Fluent. A heterogeneous 2D micromodel that has randomised pore network was selected as the basis of the flow system. By doing so, it is hoped to replicate a reservoir prototype using an innovative approach in a 2D geometry that appropriately simplifies complex reservoir properties represented. Initially, micromodel is fully saturated with crude oil. Then, water and polymer are injected separately on a case-to-case basis at flowrate of 0.8 mL/min. Visual inspection of the phase fraction contour results found that polymer flooded micromodel had smaller regions of oil volume fraction as compared to that of water flooded micromodel. Polymer flooded micromodel also had smaller and more branched fingering front as compared to water flooded micromodel. The analysis found that polymer flooding had better oil displacement efficiency as compared to traditional water flooding due to higher mobility ratio, reduced viscous fingering and lower residual oil saturation.
Optimization of capacity utilization using time-driven activity-based costing for library system
Authors: Zaini S N A M , Abu M Y
Published: March 2021

Library system encourages and offers a number of opportunities to access the resource of desired information. Nonetheless, there is a problem in the current practice in library system which do not explain the relation between supplied resources and practical capacity. To view it in the form of unused capacity, they should establish capacity cost rates (CCR). In efforts to support in reducing costs and divert the workforce for far more important activities, unused capacity analysis is ultimately critical in forecast planning. This work aims to develop a new costing system for optimization of capacity utilization in library system. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was applied in UMP library. While TDABC can enhance costs control for a range of library processes, it only focuses on acquisition and cataloging processes in this work. The analysis of data is carried out through four steps which are process mapping, time equation, CCR and forecast analysis. In this work, the total unused capacity at the acquisition center, in both local and overseas are 2,700,32 and 7,199,83 minutes. While in cataloging center, the total unused capacity are -393.05 and 5,468.35 minutes in local and oversea material respectively.
Role of the Rheological Parameters in Debris Flow Modelling
Authors: Khan M A , Mustaffa Z , Balogun A L B , Al-Bared M A M , Ahmad A
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the debris flow model has become an essential part of risk analysis and impact engineering. Coupled with field observations and historical records, these models have proven powerful tools to understand the behaviour of debris flow in complex terrain. However, their application poses several new challenges to scholars and engineers. A detailed understanding of the debris flow phenomena requires a sound knowledge of the shallow water equation and rheological model used to simulate the debris flow hazard. In this study, important rheological models used to analyse the debris flow process and their limitations have been highlighted. Furthermore, the suitability of the Voellmy-Salm rheological model has been studied for 2D pyroclastic flow taking different combinations of the coefficient of friction namely coulomb friction coefficient \i,and turbulent coefficient of friction £ using IMEX SFLOW 2D dynamic continuum model. It was found that velocity and runout distances are significantly influenced by the variation of the coefficient of the turbulent friction © at a large scale. It is then concluded that the identification of a suitable rheological model is necessary to simulate the precise behaviour of complex and heterogeneous debris flow
Effect of fermentation period on bacterial cellulose production from oil palm frond (OPF) juice
Authors: Supian N N I , Zakaria J , Amin K N M , Mohamad S , Mohamad S F S
Published: March 2021

In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by Acetobacter xylinum using oil palm frond (OPF) juice as a carbon source, where the effect of cultivation time in the range of 2-14 days on BC production was investigated. The highest BC production of 0.3365 g/L was obtained at cultivation time of 9 days. Structural analysis by FTIR showed that the properties of BC to be similar regardless of cultivation time. FESEM analysis revealed that the BC produced was composed of randomly packed and loosely fine cellulose fibers. The present study showed the feasibility of using OPF juice as an alternative in the production of BC which could reduce the production cost of BC.
Investigation of Adsorption behaviour of Acetone Vapour towards a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Layer using Adsorption Isotherm Models
Authors: Usman Fahad , Ojur Dennis John , Meriaudeau Fabrice , Cheng Seong Khe , Yousif Ahmed Abdelaziz , Abubakar Abdulkadir Bashir , Abbas Adam Abdullahi , Saidu Aminu
Published: March 2021

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are widely explored due their ultra-sensitivity to even a minute alteration of refractive index. Knowledge of adsorption processes could be exploited to explain the performance and interaction mechanism of an SPR sensor. Here in, we report the fitting of the experimental SPR sensing data during the detection of low concentrations of acetone vapour (0.5-5 ppm) using the linearized and non-linearized format of the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The sensing layer is made from a ternary composite material of doped polyaniline, reduced graphene oxide and chitosan. The objective is to find the best model, understand the interaction mechanism and investigate the performance of the sensing layer. Correlation factors and error values were used to determine the best fit. The results showed that the Freundlich model could fit the data better than the two formats of the Langmuir model. Also, the interaction mechanism was predicted to be the physical one due to the heterogeneity parameter value, n<1. In addition, the selectivity of the sensing toward acetone compared to water, methanol, ethanol and propanol vapours was explained in terms of proximity of solubility parameters. Moreover, the ternary based sensor was found to be reversible and stable.
Balancing of the moments of the VR-5 type engine taking into account the desaxial and the cylinder camber angle
Authors: Souri Kambiz , Vallejo Maldonado P. R. , Chainov N. D.
Published: March 2021

Recently, V-engines with a small angle of camber are more widely used as power units for passenger cars, especially because of the reduced engine length, and the transverse dimensions are almost the same as in-line ones. All this leads to an increase in overall engine power. However, due to the small camber angle between the parallel rows of cylinders, the intersection of the cylinders in their lower part may occur. To prevent the latter, significant multidirectional desaxial is used. Moreover, the calculation of the dynamics of similar engines introduces a number of features, including balancing the inertia forces and their moments from the reciprocating moving and rotating masses. The article discusses the balancing of 5-cylinder four-stroke VR type engines with desaxial crank mechanism and uniform flash alternation. The formulas allowing to find and analyze moments of the inertia forces of the reciprocating and rotating masses arising in VR-5 engines are given by the given value of the cylinder camber angle, the ratio of the crank radius to the connecting rod length and the relative displacement of the cylinder axis. A method of balancing the moments of inertia forces of the reciprocating and rotating masses is proposed and the results of the presented dynamic study of a VR-5 engine using analytical, software and graph-analytical methods.
Gasification Performance and Tar Generation Comparison From Fluidized Bed Gasification of Raw and Torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch
Authors: Nadiah Sidek Farah , Saleh Suriyati , Asma Fazli Abdul Samad Noor
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the effects of gasification temperature and steam to biomass ratio on gasification performance and tar generation. Fluidized bed gasifier is used for gasification process with steam employs as gasifying agent. Two types of feedstock were used namely raw and torrefied empty fruit bunch (EFB). Experimental results show the synthesis gas yield, lower heating value (LHV), cold gas efficiency (CGE) and tar generation are steadily increased for both feedstock when gasification temperature is increased from 600 and 1000°C. Meanwhile only yield of synthesis gas is increased when steam to biomass ratio is increased from 0.51 to 1.51. LHV, CGE and tar initially show increment trends but start to decrease beyond steam to biomass ratio of 1.02. Torrefied EFB shows superior performance in terms of producing more synthesis gas, better energy and efficiency compare to raw EFB. However, tar generated from torrefied EFB is higher than raw EFB. Based on tar component analysis, it has been found that 6 tertiary tar components are detected which consists of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene for both feedstock. In overall, torrefied EFB shows potential as fuel feedstock for gasification process based on high synthesis gas yield with considerable amount of tar generation.
Experimental evaluation of tertiary blends of water in diesel with butyl alcohol using compression ignition engine
Authors: Akasyah M. K. , Yusri I. M. , Mamat R. , Jamlos M. F. , Abdul Majeed A. P.P.
Published: March 2021

Alcohols are important alternative fuel resources for diesel engines. Prominent fuels of the three types include water in diesel reduce engine temperature and NOx and alcohols with a high number of carbons. There is potential to use tertiary blends of diesel fuel, water and higher alcohols, such as butanol, in diesel engines for the purpose of increasing the use of alternative fuel and decreasing fossil fuel consumption. In this study, diesel fuel (D) was mixed with water (5%), and butanol (5% - 10%). Test fuel blends of W5DBu5 (5% of water, 5% of butanol), W5DBu10 (5% of water, 10% of butanol) and W5DBu15 (5% of water, 15% of butanol) were prepared using ultrasonic emulsifier and tested in a diesel engine. It carried engine performance and exhaust emission tests of the blends out on a four-cylinder, four-cycle diesel engine generator at a fixed load of 50% and various engine speeds from 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm. According to engine test results, brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFC) of Blended fuels decrease compared to diesel at all engine speed. As compared to diesel, W5DBu15 presented the best oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at a speed of 2000 rpm with a reduction of 34.7%.
Exploration of Risky Riding Behaviour Among Young Motorcyclist
Authors: Zun Nurain binti Mohd Ali Siti , Suhana binti Mohd Razelan Intan
Published: March 2021

Road traffic crashes appears to be an endless problem (Kareem A 2003). Nowadays, statistics by Department of Road Transport showed that the road traffic crashes are significantly increasing in Malaysia every year. According to Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) report, motorcyclists are more prone to crash when they are on the road compared to drivers of other vehicles. There are many factors that contribute to the road traffic crashes in young motorcyclists such an inexperience, lack of riding skill and risk riding behaviour that have been related to the collisions in which motorcycles have been the most popular choice of vehicles among young motorcyclist. This research evaluates the correlation between the set of risky riding behaviour among secondary school students based on their background. To prove that risk behaviours majorly contributed to the number of motorcycle crashes, determination of risky riding behaviour within secondary school student at schools’ compound were conducted. Data collection also were collected through questionnaire distributed through google form for school students and young motorcyclist to assess their level of contribution in risky riding behaviour. The findings proved that, breaking the speed limit are the most popular risky riding behaviour among the school children. Meanwhile, riding while impaired and performing stunting acts are the behaviours considered to be less contributed to the number of motorcycle crashes. Correlation result shows that neglection of speed limit was highly contributed to the motorcycle crashes among the secondary school student. This result is very useful for the enforcement bodies to strategize their effort in curbing the crash issues involving young riders.
Assessment of Forest Fires Risk in U Minh Ha National Park-Vietnam and Proposed Adaptation Measures
Authors: Van T T Ho , Trong K H , Hai A T N , Phan Phuong H V
Published: March 2021

Forest ecosystems are part of the vital and indispensable resources for human survival and social development. Forests not only provide materials such as wood and firewood for some industries, but also maintain and protect the environment, such as climate regulation, erosion control and sedimentation, water regulation and flood mitigation. However, due to some uncontrolled activities of people and abnormal natural conditions, forest fires occur more frequently and severely. U Minh Ha National Park (UMHNP) is one of forest which has the highest risk of forest fires in the Mekong Delta. This study was conducted to assess the status of forest fires and the impacts of climate change on forest fire risk in UMHNP then proposed appropriate measures to reduce the risk of forest fire to minimize damage to the environment, humans, biodiversity, economics as well as people’s livelihoods protection in the Mekong Delta. By the method of data collection and rapid assessment, the topic has statistics of fires within 5 years as well as causes, key areas and its impacts on forest ecosystems. At the same time, it was pointed out that UMHNP is facing an increasing risk of forest fire due to climate change. Forest fire prevention and fighting in UMHNP is being well implemented but still faces some difficulties. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures such as strengthening communication, completing mechanisms and policies, supplementing fire protection equipment and facilities to improve environmental quality and local’s people life.
Impacts of Climate Change to Eleocharis Habitat in Tram Chim National Park, Dong Thap province, Vietnam
Authors: Trong K H , Thi H V , Thi Phuong C N , Thi Thanh V H
Published: March 2021

Combining the current remote sensing platform combined and field survey is one of the effective methods to assess the impact of climate change on the distribution of plant cover as well as their structure. This study combined field surveys in April 2019 and image analysis from google earth pro in real-time in May 2006, 2009, 2013 to assess the change of Eleocharis group in Tram Chim national park. The results of the study showed that Eleocharis group, which admirably adapts to the acidic soil conditions (pH <4.5), had significant changes. Although water storage has created an extremely safe environment to avoid the impacts of wildfires, temperature rising at midday made Eleocharis less alive. It could be seen that climate change had affected the physiological characteristics of the tropical grass group, more specifically, made their ecological limits change and narrowed the distribution area of the most developed group in the national park.
Impacts of Climate Change to the Growth and Development of The Dragonflies of Tram Chim National Park, Tam Nong – Dong Thap, Vietnam
Authors: Trong K H , Thi N D , Thi Nhu Y N , Thi H V , Thi Thanh Ho Van
Published: March 2021

Dragonflies are insects that have an association with wetland ecosystems and sensitive to changes in environmental factors. Therefore, under the increasingly strong impacts of climate change, they exhibit quite pronounced responses. Assessing the growth and development process of dragonflies can contribute positively to assessing and making strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change which is becoming increasingly complicated. The results of the current study showed that the Dragonfly species composition in Tram Chim National Park was remarkably diverse, including 11 species (2008) and 12 species (2019) of larvae belonging to 6 families in 2 subsets Zygoptera and Anisoptera. Based on information from field surveys, the results showed that the presence of dragonflies tended to be earlier than those recorded in the past, and it was often difficult to find them along the survey route, especially nearer to noon. Range, flight speed, and altitude were somewhat reduced, especially for Zygoptera. These environmental factors fluctuated greatly, which might cause pressing impacts on the growth and development of Dragonflies in the Tram Chim National Park area.
Optimization of operating conditions of Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) essential oil extraction by Hydro-distillation Process using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Tran T H , Nguyen T N Q , Le X T , Phong H X , Long T B
Published: March 2021

In this study, extraction of essential oils from the peels of lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) was conducted and optimized. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize four process parameters including the ratio of water and lemon peel (2:1 to 4:1 mL/g), extraction time (1 to 2 h) and extraction temperature (110 to 130 °C) to achieve maximal oil yield. The results showed a ratio of 3:1 (mL/g), extraction time of 1.6 hours, a temperature of 120 ºC produced an oil yield of 2.097%. In addition, GC-MS results revealed a total of 15 identified compounds in lemon essential oil with the major compound being Limonene, accounting for 66% of total content. The study applied surface response methodology to optimize the hydrodistillation conditions for extracting lemon essential oil. Application of this computer software is particularly advantageous in reducing the experiment number while producing reliable results.
RETRACTED: Prediction of Presence of Breast Cancer Disease in the Patient using Machine Learning Algorithms and SFS
Authors: Chaurasia V , Pandey MK , Pal S
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer disease is recognized as the common extensive malignant tumor in between women. Identification of the initial stage of malignant growth may treatment of this disease. Early treatment helps to alleviate the disease and helps anticipate its recurrence in women. Experts have used some fact checks and different medical methods or equipment to improve the accuracy of conclusions in clinical medical service management. In this article, it extensively discussed the implementation of data mining strategies to detection as well as prediction of breast malignant tumors, including random forest (RF), support vector classifier (SVC), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Decision Tree (DT) In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) to underline changes and show strong patterns in the informational index. The connection framework is likewise used to show the level of close relationship between attributes. The sequential feature selection (SFS) method is used for comparing the accuracy of a data set with all features and the accuracy of a classifier with selected features. The results show that RF_sfs, KNN_sfs, SVC_rbf and SVC_sfs have the highest and equal accuracy, which is 97.66%. They perform well and can predict the growth of harmful malignant tumors.
Effect of Dimensionality Reduction on Prediction Accuracy of Effort of Agile Projects Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Manju Vyas Ms. , Naveen Hemrajani Dr.
Published: March 2021

Agile framework for software development has received a lot of recognition in software industry in previous years as it focuses on rapid incremental delivery, lower risk and customer satisfaction. At early stages of development, the effort must be predicted so that the project is completed successfully within the time and cost deadlines. In recent years, various researchers have done study in this area and it is observed that the prediction of effort faces a problem of large dimension of features. Hence the prediction accuracy may be increased by reducing the dimensions of the features. In this paper, PCA has been used for reduction of feature dimensions for effort estimation. PCA identifies the key attributes by reducing the dimensions of the attribute which are those having highest correlation with the effort. The methodology shows the effect of PCA on the original dataset and the results are observed by applying various machine learning techniques pre and post PCA. The comparison metrics used are Mean Magnitude relative Error (MMRE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Prediction Accuracy (PRED (25)). The decreased values of errors and increased value of accuracy shows the better model accuracy when PCA is applied on the dataset. All the computations and implementations in this paper are done using Python on Scikit-learn library.
Safety and Compliance Management System Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning
Authors: Nain Megha , Sharma Shilpa , Chaurasia Sandeep
Published: March 2021

With the advancement in the Deep Learning and Computer Vision-based methodologies, the safety and productivity analysis of the construction entities (workers, equipment, and structures) on-site can potentially be improved. Construction industry is majorly the most dangerous sectors with respect to occupational safety and health because of the chaotic and dynamic environment at construction sites. The study of safety and compliance monitoring measures at construction by using the computer vision and deep learning-based approaches is the key focus of this paper. Safety and compliance are acclamatory to each other and are very essential for managing the safe conditions at construction. Manual monitoring of the compliant and unsafe conditions at the site is a challenging job and thus, a smart framework for automated monitoring is necessary for the assurance of a safe and healthy environment. A framework for safety and compliance management system is presented in this paper for enhancing the safer work culture along with the measures. This paper examines the prior literature on computer vision as per the safety and compliance constraints for (I) Understanding the existing SOTA (state-of-the-art) methods and their respective outcomes (II) Finding the challenges and limitations in the currently employed approaches and (III) Providing the potential directions for a future line of work. The purpose is to build a culture of safety using Computer Vision and Deep Learning.
Fog Computing in Healthcare: A Review
Authors: Pareek Kamini , Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Bhatnagar Vaibhav
Published: March 2021

The Internet of things (IoT) connects multiple devices worldwide. It is a growing field in the healthcare system such as health monitoring and tracking, fitness program, and remote medical assistance. With the advent of IoT based technologies in healthcare, it can alleviate the pressure on healthcare systems and can reduce the healthcare cost, and increase the computing and processing speed. Cloud computing was introduced to manage larger and complex healthcare data in the IoT environment. Cloud computing uses centralized cloud data centers. The central server manages the data for all the IoT devices. The integration of IoT with the cloud has some major issues such as latency, bandwidth overuse, real-time response delays, protection, and privacy. So the concept of edge computing and fog computing came into existence to overcome these issues. This paper review the IoT-Fog-based system model architectures, similar paradigm, issues, and difficulties in the area of cloud computing and finally, the performance of some of these proposed systems is assessed using the iFogSim simulator.