bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Boosting Knowledge Representation Learning in Entity Alignment through Triple Confidence
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Chen Tongqing , Wang Huiyong
Published: April 2024

Entity alignment is an important task in knowledge fusion, which aims to link entities that have the same real-world identity in two knowledge graphs. However, in the process of constructing a knowledge graph, some noise may inevitably be introduced, which must affect the results of the entity alignment tasks. The triple confidence calculation can quantify the correctness of the triples to reduce the impact of the noise on entity alignment. Therefore, we designed a method to calculate the confidence of the triples and applied it to the knowledge representation learning phase of entity alignment. The method calculates the triple confidence based on the pairing rates of the three angles between the entities and relations. Specifically, the method uses the pairing rates of the three angles as features, which are then fed into a feedforward neural network for training to obtain the triple confidence. Moreover, we introduced the triple confidence into the knowledge representation learning methods to improve their performance in entity alignment. For the graph neural network-based method GCN, we considered entity confidence when calculating the adjacency matrix, and for the translation-based method TransE, we proposed a strategy to dynamically adjust the margin value in the loss function based on confidence. These two methods were then applied to the entity alignment, and the experimental results demonstrate that compared with the knowledge representation learning methods without integrating confidence, the confidence-based knowledge representation learning methods achieved excellent performance in the entity alignment task.
A Two-Stage Method for Aerial Tracking in Adverse Weather Conditions
Authors: Feng Yuan , Xu Xinnan , Chen Nuoyi , Song Quanjian , Zhang Lufang
Published: April 2024

To tackle the issue of aerial tracking failure in adverse weather conditions, we developed an innovative two-stage tracking method, which incorporates a lightweight image restoring model DADNet and an excellent pretrained tracker. Our method begins by restoring the degraded image, which yields a refined intermediate result. Then, the tracker capitalizes on this intermediate result to produce precise tracking bounding boxes. To expand the UAV123 dataset to various weather scenarios, we estimated the depth of the images in the dataset. Our method was tested on two famous trackers, and the experimental results highlighted the superiority of our method. The comparison experiment’s results also validated the dehazing effectiveness of our restoration model. Additionally, the components of our dehazing module were proven efficient through ablation studies.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Thermomagnetic Generators: A Comprehensive Study on Frequency and Heat Dissipation
Authors: Homadi Abdulrahman , Sarhan Abd Alhamid Rafea
Published: April 2024

This study explores the design and optimization of thermomagnetic generators with a primary emphasis on enhancing energy efficiency. The core objectives revolve around improving power generation and efficient heat dissipation. We conducted an extensive investigation, systematically varying parameters such as dimensions, coil turns, and material properties, including temperatures and magnetization. At the heart of this research lies the utilization of the variable magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic–paramagnetic materials within distinct temperature zones. Gadolinium (Gd) was selected due to its unique Curie temperature (TC) closely aligned with room temperature. The Gd disk’s motion serves a dual purpose—acting as a heat conveyor from source to sink and inducing voltages. The synergy between a copper wire coiled around the Gd disk and the magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet (PM) facilitates voltage induction. The dynamic motion of the Gd disk, driven by changes in net forces (permanent magnet force, gravity force, and spring force), powers this energy conversion process. This versatile technique holds promise across various applications, especially in scenarios characterized by significant waste heat, such as engines and solar panels. Our multifaceted optimization approach not only enhances our understanding of thermomagnetic generators but also underscores their potential as sustainable and efficient contributors to energy solutions.
Estimating the Individual Treatment Effect with Different Treatment Group Sizes
Authors: Song Luyuan , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: April 2024

Machine learning for causal inference, particularly at the individual level, has attracted intense interest in many domains. Existing techniques focus on controlling differences in distribution between treatment groups in a data-driven manner, eliminating the effects of confounding factors. However, few of the current methods adequately discuss the difference in treatment group sizes. Two approaches, a direct and an indirect one, deal with potential missing data for estimating individual treatment with binary treatments and different treatment group sizes. We embed the two methods into certain frameworks based on the domain adaption and representation. We validate the performance of our method by two benchmarks in the causal inference community: simulated data and real-world data. Experiment results verify that our methods perform well.
Vitamin D and Ceramide Metabolomic Profile in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gaggini Melania , Marchi Federica , Pylypiv Nataliya , Parlanti Alessandra , Storti Simona , Paradossi Umberto , Berti Sergio , Vassalle Cristina
Published: April 2024

Sphingolipids (SLs) influence several cellular pathways, while vitamin D exerts many extraskeletal effects in addition to its traditional biological functions, including the modulation of calcium homeostasis and bone health. Moreover, Vitamin D and SLs affect the regulation of each others’ metabolism; hence, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between the levels of 25(OH)D and ceramides in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In particular, the blood abundance of eight ceramides and 25(OH)D was evaluated in 134 AMI patients (aged 68.4 ± 12.0 years, 72% males). A significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and both Cer(d18:1/16:0) and Cer(d18:1/18:0) was found; indeed, patients with severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL) showed the highest levels of the two investigated ceramides. Moreover, diabetic/dyslipidemic patients with suboptimal levels of 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) had higher levels of both the ceramides when compared with the rest of the population. On the other hand, 25(OH)D remained an independent determinant for Cer(d18:1/16:0) (STD Coeff −0.18, t-Value −2, p ≤ 0.05) and Cer(d18:1/18:0) (−0.2, −2.2, p < 0.05). In light of these findings, the crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D may unravel additional mechanisms by which these molecules can influence CV risk in AMI.
A Method for Automatically Predicting the Radiation-Induced Vulnerability of Unit Integrated Circuits
Authors: Dong Rui , Lu Hongliang , Yang Caozhen , Zhang Yutao , Yao Ruxue , Wang Yujian , Zhang Yuming
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, the reduction in device operating voltage and threshold voltage has made integrated circuits more susceptible to the effects of particle radiation. Moreover, as process sizes decrease, the impact of charge sharing effects becomes increasingly severe, with soft errors caused by single event effects becoming one of the main causes of circuit failures. Therefore, the study of sensitivity evaluation methods for integrated circuits is of great significance for promoting the optimization of integrated circuit design, improving single event effect experimental methods, and enhancing the irradiation reliability of integrated circuits. In this paper, we first established a device model for the charge sharing effect and simulated it under reasonable conditions. Based on the simulation results, we then built a neural network model to predict the charge amounts in primary and secondary devices. We also propose a comprehensive automated method for calculating soft errors in unit circuits and validated it through TCAD simulations, achieving an error margin of 2.8–4.3%. This demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the method we propose.
Design and Characterization of Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Wireless and Passive Temperature Sensing System
Authors: Zhou Zhixin , Wang Hui , Lou Liang
Published: April 2024

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor has received significant attention due to its wirelessly powered, battery-free, and chipless capabilities. This paper proposes a wireless sensing system comprising a one-port SAW resonator, helix antenna, and transceiver circuit. The SAW resonator used in this system is based on aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film, which exhibits high velocity and excellent piezoelectric properties. Simulations and experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the designed SAW resonator. A helix antenna was also designed using finite element simulation to facilitate signal transmission between the SAW temperature sensor and the transceiver. An impedance-matching network was introduced between the helix antenna and the SAW resonator to optimize signal transmission. When the wireless SAW temperature sensor was placed within a certain distance of the mother antenna, the reflection peak of the SAW resonator was observed in the spectrum of the return signal. The frequency of the echo signal increased almost linearly as the temperature increased during the temperature tests. The fitted temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) was −31.34 ppm/°C, indicating that the wireless temperature sensing system has high-temperature sensitivity.
Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021
Authors: Axt Carla Wiebke , Springer Andrea , Strube Christina , Jung Clarissa , Naucke Torsten J. , Müller Elisabeth , Schäfer Ingo
Published: April 2024

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Theileria (T.) equi and/or Babesia (B.) caballi. The aim was to assess the percentage of positive test results for EP in horses in Europe and to identify risk factors for pathogen contact/infection. This study included results from PCR and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing requested by European veterinarians between 2008 and 2021. Binary bivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. A total of 4060 horses were included. PCR testing was positive in 9.7% (154/1589), serology for T. equi in 15.2% (393/2591) and for B. caballi in 6.8% (175/2578). The odds of positive serology increased by 6.8% (B. caballi, p = 0.008) and 9.5% (T. equi, p < 0.001) each year. Regionality had a statistically significant impact on PCR (Eastern p = 0.047/OR = 1.605; Southern p = 0.029/OR = 1.451; Central p = 0.007/OR = 0.617) and serological testing for T. equi (Southern p < 0.001/OR = 2.521; Central p < 0.001/OR = 0.537; Northern p = 0.003/OR = 0.462), as well as breeds on seroprevalence of B. caballi (heavy horses: p = 0.016/OR = 2.239) and T. equi (ponies: p = 0.007/OR = 0.340; warmbloods: p = 0.025/OR = 1.602). In conclusion, there was a significant geographical impact on the results of PCR and serology, consistent with known vector habitats. The rising numbers of horses tested serologically positive highlights the importance of surveillance.
Effect of Pretreatment on a Copper Concentrate with High Arsenic Content
Authors: Quezada Víctor , Villagrán Geraldine , Calisaya-Azpilcueta Daniel , Marín Natalia
Published: April 2024

Chilean mining faces challenges associated with the depletion of oxidized copper ore and the environmental complexity of treating concentrates with high arsenic content. Given this, hydrometallurgy emerges as an alternative for the treatment of these concentrates. This research analyzes the interaction of sulfuric acid (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg/t), sodium chloride (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg/t), curing time (1, 5, 10, and 15 days), and temperature (25, 35, 50, and 75 °C) in the pretreatment of a copper concentrate with 35.57% total copper and 5.91% arsenic (enargite, 35.93%). In the pretreatment, a maximum copper extraction of 26.71% is achieved using 210 kg/t sulfuric acid at 50 °C over 15 days of curing. The experimental results are analyzed through an empirical model, where the interaction between sulfuric acid and curing time is identified as beneficial when the sulfuric acid addition is above 70 kg/t, leading to higher moisture content in the sample. In the absence of sulfuric acid, sodium chloride significantly influences the achievement of higher copper extractions. During curing at higher temperatures, the importance of maintaining a moisture level is emphasized to prevent solution evaporation and hinder diffusion through the particles, thereby ensuring reactivity in the sample.
Advances in Nano-Electrochemical Materials and Devices
Authors: Wang Mei , Chen Xuyuan , Aryal Nabin
Published: April 2024

Nano-electrochemical materials and devices are at the frontier of research and development, advancing electrochemistry and its applications in energy storage, sensing, electrochemical processing, etc [...]
Sodium and Human Health: What Can Be Done to Improve Sodium Balance beyond Food Processing?
Authors: Tremblay Angelo , Gagné Marie-Pascale , Pérusse Louis , Fortier Catherine , Provencher Véronique , Corcuff Ronan , Pomerleau Sonia , Foti Nicoletta , Drapeau Vicky
Published: April 2024

Sodium plays a key role in the regulation of water balance and is also important in food formulation due to its contribution to the taste and use in the preservation of many foods. Excessive intake of any essential nutrient is problematic and this seems to be particularly the case for sodium since a high intake makes it the nutrient most strongly associated with mortality. Sodium intake has been the object of recommendations by public health agencies such as the WHO and this has resulted in efforts by the food industry to reduce the sodium content of packaged foods, although there is still room for improvement. The recent literature also emphasizes the need for other strategies, e.g., regulations and education, to promote adequate sodium intake. In the present paper, we also describe the potential benefits of a global healthy lifestyle that considers healthy eating but also physical activity habits that improve body functionality and may help to attenuate the detrimental effects of high sodium intake on body composition and cardiometabolic health. In conclusion, a reduction in sodium intake, an improvement in body functioning, and educational interventions promoting healthy eating behaviours seem to be essential for the optimal regulation of sodium balance.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Growth, and Body Composition in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Ong Margaret L. , Cherkerzian Sara , Bell Katherine A. , Berger Paige K. , Furst Annalee , Sejane Kristija , Bode Lars , Belfort Mandy B.
Published: April 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive factors that benefit neonatal health, but little is known about effects on growth in very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestation). We aimed to quantify HMO concentrations in human milk fed to very preterm infants during the neonatal hospitalization and investigate associations of HMOs with infant size and body composition at term-equivalent age. In 82 human-milk-fed very preterm infants, we measured HMO concentrations at two time points. We measured anthropometrics and body composition with air displacement plethysmography at term-equivalent age. We calculated means of individual and total HMOs, constructed tertiles of mean HMO concentrations, and assessed differences in outcomes comparing infants in the highest and intermediate tertiles with the lowest tertile using linear mixed effects models, adjusted for potential confounders. The mean (SD) infant gestational age was 28.2 (2.2) weeks, and birthweight was 1063 (386) grams. Exposure to the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of HMO concentrations was not associated with anthropometric or body composition z-scores at term-corrected age. Exposure to the intermediate (vs. lowest) tertile of 3FL was associated with a greater head circumference z-score (0.61, 95% CI 0.15, 1.07). Overall, the results do not support that higher HMO intakes influence growth outcomes in this very preterm cohort.
Selected Flavonols Targeting Cell Death Pathways in Cancer Therapy: The Latest Achievements in Research on Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necroptosis, Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis, and Cuproptosis
Authors: Wendlocha Dominika , Kubina Robert , Krzykawski Kamil , Mielczarek-Palacz Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

The complex and multi-stage processes of carcinogenesis are accompanied by a number of phenomena related to the potential involvement of various chemopreventive factors, which include, among others, compounds of natural origin such as flavonols. The use of flavonols is not only promising but also a recognized strategy for cancer treatment. The chemopreventive impact of flavonols on cancer arises from their ability to act as antioxidants, impede proliferation, promote cell death, inhibit angiogenesis, and regulate the immune system through involvement in diverse forms of cellular death. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis occurring with the participation of flavonols have remained incompletely elucidated, and the results of the studies carried out so far are ambiguous. For this reason, one of the therapeutic goals is to initiate the death of altered cells through the use of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, galangin, fisetin, and morin. This article offers an extensive overview of recent research on these compounds, focusing particularly on their role in combating cancer and elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Assessment of the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of compounds in therapy targeting various types of cell death pathways may prove useful in developing new therapeutic regimens and counteracting resistance to previously used treatments.
The Possible Synergistic Pharmacological Effect of an Oral Berberine (BBR) and Curcumin (CUR) Complementary Therapy Alleviates Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Results from a Real-Life, Routine Clinical Practice Settings-Based Study
Authors: Wade Ursula , Pascual-Figal Domingo A. , Rabbani Fazale , Ernst Marie , Albert Adelin , Janssens Isabelle , Dierckxsens Yvan , Iqtadar Somia , Khokhar Nisar A. , Kanwal Ayesha , Khan Amjad
Published: April 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal discomfort and altered bowel movements. IBS cause a significantly negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Growing pharmacological evidence suggests that berberine (BBR) and curcumin (CUR) may mitigate IBS symptoms through multiple complementary synergistic mechanisms, resulting in the attenuation of intestinal inflammation and regulation of bowel motility and gut functions. In the present observational study conducted under real-life routine clinical practice settings, 146 patients diagnosed with IBS were enrolled by general practitioner clinics and pharmacies in Belgium. For the first time, this study assessed the potential synergistic pharmacological effect of a combined oral BBR/CUR supplement (Enterofytol® PLUS, containing 200 mg BBR and 49 mg CUR) (two tablets daily for 2 months), serving as complementary therapy in the management of IBS. Following the 2-month supplementation, significant improvements were observed in the patients’ IBS severity index (IBSSI) (47.5%) and all the primary IBS symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort (47.2%), distension (48.0%), intestinal transit (46.8%), and QoL (48.1%) (all p < 0.0001). The improvement in the patients’ IBSSI was independent of age, sex, and IBS sub-types. The patients’ weekly maximum stool passage frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.0001), and the stool status normalized (p < 0.0001). The patients’ need for concomitant conventional IBS treatment decreased notably: antispasmodics by 64.0% and antidiarrhoeals by 64.6%. Minor adverse effects were reported by a small proportion (7.1%) of patients, mostly gastrointestinal. The majority (93.1%) experienced symptom improvement or resolution, with a high satisfaction rate (82.6%) and willingness to continue the supplementation (79.0%). These findings support the potential synergistic pharmacological role of BBR and CUR in IBS, and their co-supplementation may alleviate IBS symptoms and improve QoL.
Redesigning Medication Management in the Emergency Department: The Impact of Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting on the Time to Administer Pre-Admission Time-Critical Medicines, Medication Order Completeness, and Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment
Authors: Atey Tesfay Mehari , Peterson Gregory M. , Salahudeen Mohammed S. , Simpson Tom , Boland Camille M. , Anderson Ed , Wimmer Barbara C.
Published: April 2024

In order to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and promote better medication management, a partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC) model was piloted in the emergency department (ED) of an Australian referral hospital. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PPMC on the timeliness of time-critical medicines (TCMs), completeness of medication orders, and assessment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. This concurrent controlled retrospective pragmatic trial involved individuals aged 18 years and older presenting to the ED from 1 June 2020 to 17 May 2021. The study compared the PPMC approach (PPMC group) with traditional medical officer-led medication charting approaches in the ED, either an early best-possible medication history (BPMH) group or the usual care group. In the PPMC group, a BPMH was documented promptly soon after arrival in the ED, subsequent to which a collaborative discussion, co-planning, and co-charting of medications were undertaken by both a PPMC-credentialled pharmacist and a medical officer. In the early BPMH group, the BPMH was initially obtained in the ED before proceeding with the traditional approach of medication charting. Conversely, in the usual care group, the BPMH was obtained in the inpatient ward subsequent to the traditional approach of medication charting. Three outcome measures were assessed –the duration from ED presentation to the TCM’s first dose administration (e.g., anti-Parkinson’s drugs, hypoglycaemics and anti-coagulants), the completeness of medication orders, and the conduct of VTE risk assessments. The analysis included 321 TCMs, with 107 per group, and 1048 patients, with 230, 230, and 588 in the PPMC, early BPMH, and usual care groups, respectively. In the PPMC group, the median time from ED presentation to the TCM’s first dose administration was 8.8 h (interquartile range: 6.3 to 16.3), compared to 17.5 h (interquartile range: 7.8 to 22.9) in the early BPMH group and 15.1 h (interquartile range: 8.2 to 21.1) in the usual care group (p < 0.001). Additionally, PPMC was associated with a higher proportion of patients having complete medication orders and receiving VTE risk assessments in the ED (both p < 0.001). The implementation of the PPMC model not only expedited the administration of TCMs but also improved the completeness of medication orders and the conduct of VTE risk assessments in the ED.
Simulation Analysis of an Atmospheric Turbulence Wavefront Measurement System
Authors: Wang Gangyu , Qin Laian , Li Yang , Cheng Yilun , Jing Xu , Chen Gongye , Hou Zaihong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a turbulent wavefront measurement model based on the Hartmann system structure is proposed. The maximum recognizable mode number of different lens units is discussed, and the influence of different lens array arrangements on the accuracy of turbulent wavefront reconstruction is analyzed. The results indicate that the increase in the aberration order of the turbulent wavefront has a certain influence on the reconstruction ability of the system. Different lens arrangements and number of lens units will lead to the effective reconstruction of different final mode orders. When using a 5 × 5 lens array arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement of 19 lenses, the maximum order of turbulent wavefront aberrations allowing for effective reconstruction was 25. When the sparse arrangement of 25 lenses or the sparse arrangement of 31 lenses was used, the maximum order allowing for effective reconstruction was 36. If the aberration composition of the turbulent wavefront contained higher-order aberrations, the system could not accurately measure the turbulent wavefront. When the order of the aberrations of the turbulent wavefront was low, the turbulent wavefront could be measured by the lens arrangement with fewer lens units, and the wavefront reconstruction accuracy was close to the measurement results obtained when more lens units were used.
Non-Isocyanate Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyurethane by BiCl3-Catalyzed Transurethanization Polycondensation
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Kobayashi Yuriko
Published: April 2024

Non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis by non-Sn catalysis is an essential challenge toward green polyurethane synthesis. Bismuth compounds are attractive candidates due to their low cost, low toxicity, and availability to urethane chemistry. This work applied various Bi catalysts to the self-polycondensation of a bishydroxyurethane monomer and found BiCl3 to be an excellent catalyst through optimization. The catalytic activity and price of BiCl3 are comparable to those of Bu2SnO, while its toxicity is significantly low. BiCl3 is, therefore, a promising alternative to Sn-based catalysts in non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis.
High Energy Density in All-Organic Polyimide-Based Composite Film by Doping of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Shen Yue , Cao Xiaodan , Zheng Xin , Ren Kailiang
Published: April 2024

Recently, due to the advantages of superior compatibility, fewer interface defects, and a high electric breakdown field, all-organic dielectric composites have attracted significant research interest. In this investigation, we produced all-organic P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer/PI (terp/PI) composite films by incorporating a small amount of terpolymer into PI substrates for high energy density capacitor applications. The resulting terp/PI-5 (5% terpolymer) composite films exhibit a permittivity of 3.81 at 1 kHz, which is 18.7% greater than that of pristine PI (3.21). Furthermore, the terp/PI-5 film exhibited the highest energy density (9.67 J/cm3) and a relatively high charge–discharge efficiency (84.7%) among the terp/PI composite films. The energy density of the terp/PI-5 film was increased by 59.8% compared to that of the pristine PI film. The TSDC results and band structure analysis revealed the presence of deeper traps in the terp/PI composites, contributing to the suppression of leakage current and improved charge–discharge efficiency. Furthermore, durability tests confirm the stability of the composite films under extended high-temperature exposure and cycling, establishing their viability for practical applications.
UVC Irradiation as a Surface Treatment of Polycarbonate to Generate Adhesion to Liquid Silicone Rubber in an Overmolding Process
Authors: Hartung Michael , Heim Hans-Peter
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the adhesion properties of polycarbonate (PC) and liquid silicone rubbers (LSR) through surface activation using ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation. While self-adhesive LSRs adhere easily to certain thermoplastic composites such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyamides (PAs), bonding to PC typically requires surface treatment due to the lack of compatible functional groups. Previous methods like plasma or flame treatment have been effective, but the use of UVC radiation for surface activation remains unexplored. Through experiments, it was found that UVC surface activation, particularly with ozone-generating lamps, significantly enhances the peel strength between PC and self-adhesive LSRs. The study evaluates the impact of different irradiation times and lamp configurations on peel resistance, surface energy, and composite stability. Results show that UVC/ozone (wavelengths 254 nm and 185 nm) activation increases peel resistance, with distinct differences observed between LSR types. Additionally, the study examines the stability of UVC activation over time and under various storage conditions, highlighting its effectiveness for up to 36 months at room temperature. Furthermore, the relationship between surface energy and peel strength is analyzed, finding that UVC/ozone activation increases surface energy but does not consistently correlate with improved adhesion. The study concludes with a comparison of UVC/ozone activation to alternative surface treatment methods, emphasizing its advantages such as cost-effectiveness and stability while considering limitations regarding substrate compatibility and occupational safety aspects. Overall, UVC/ozone surface activation presents a promising approach for enhancing adhesion in PC–LSR composite systems and holds potential for applications across various industries.
Calculation Model of Radar Terrain Masking Based on Tensor Grid Dilation Operator
Authors: Nie Kaiyu , Fang Shengliang , Liu Hao , Wei Xiaofeng , Zhang Yamin , Yang Jianpeng , Kong Qinglei , Chen Bo
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the three-dimensional (3D) radar detection range has played an essential role in the layout of devices such as aircraft and drones. To compensate for the shortcomings of three-dimensional calculations for radar terrain masking, a new calculation method is proposed for assessing the terrain occlusion of radar detection range. First, the high-dimensional electromagnetic data after discretization are modeled based on the tensor data structure, and the tensor grid dilation operator is constructed. Then, the dilation process begins from the overlapping section of the radar detection range and terrain, and it is adjusted by the terrain occlusion judgment factor and the dilation judgment factor to obtain the obstructed part due to the terrain. Finally, the actual radar detection range under terrain occlusion is obtained. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can adapt to different grid sizes and terrain shapes, significantly enhancing computational efficiency while maintaining internal features.
Comparison of the Electromyography Activity during Exercises with Stable and Unstable Surfaces: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Batista Gabriel de Amorim , Beltrán Sol Patricia , Passos Muana Hiandra Pereira dos , Calixtre Letícia Bojikian , Santos Laís Regina de Holanda , de Araújo Rodrigo Cappato
Published: April 2024

The effect of electromyographic (EMG) activity on agonist muscles during exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces remains uncertain. We aimed to review the literature regarding the comparison of the EMG activity of the agonist muscles of exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces. Eighty-six studies that evaluated the EMG activity of 1783 individuals during exercises for the lower limbs, upper limbs, and core were included. The EMG activities of the pectoralis major (SMD = 0.28 [95% CI 0.09, 0.47]) and triceps brachii muscles (SMD = 0.45 [95% CI 0.25, 0.66]) were significantly increased when the unstable device was added to the exercise. Likewise, the EMG activity of all core muscles showed a significant increase with the unstable surface during the exercises, such as the rectus abdominis (SMD = 0.51 [95% CI 0.37, 0.66]), external oblique (SMD = 0.44 [95% CI 0.28, 0.61]), internal oblique (SMD = 1.04 [95% CI 0.02, 2.07]), erector spinae (SMD = 0.37 [95% CI 0.04, 0.71]), and lumbar multifidus (SMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.08, 0.61]). However, the lower limb muscles did not show greater EMG activity during the exercise with unstable surfaces compared to the stable surface. In conclusion, unstable conditions increase the EMG activity of some upper limb and core muscles compared to a stable surface.
Rehumanize the Streets and Make Them More Smart and Livable in Arab Cities: Case Study: Tahlia Street; Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almatar Khalid Mohammed
Published: April 2024

An urban revolution has brought a qualitative change related to the globalization of technologies and the economy. This, in turn, leads to changes in the city’s “human face”. Riyadh is the capital city of Saudi Arabia, which has been impacted by rapid population growth. The significant urban expansion negatively impacted various human characteristics as streets became more devoted to transportation than urban space. Various efforts have been made to re-establish the human aspects of streets by creating built environments and urban spaces. This study aims to determine the physical street features that impact Riyadh city streets’ livability. The study also determines people’s perception of the physical quality of Riyadh’s city streets. An exploratory sequential mixed research method has been adopted. Two separate qualitative and quantitative research approaches have been used to answer the research questions. Through a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews, the physical aspects of the case study street were assessed, and physical issues were identified. The finding of this study showed that physical issues such as scarce planting, lack of services for disabled people, traffic congestion, inadequate seating, and inadequate canopies and shelter are deteriorating the Riyadh city street livability. Responding to these physical problems will require measures to be built in municipalities to make Saudi cities more livable. The first practical measure is the provision of facilities such as seating and street furniture, adequate parking spaces, adequate shelter, and services for disabled people. The second is improving the quality of existing facilities, such as planting and landscaping. Lastly, traffic congestion can be controlled by changing Tahlia Street to a transit street that allows only public transport. Overall, the findings of this study will help planners and decision-makers create a livable environment within the framework of the re-humanization of the cities. A collaborative system to support the rehumanization of urban spaces should be adopted by encouraging smart design and improving the open spaces functions to fulfil the community need through a participative method, including the involvement of citizens.
How Can Cities Build Their Brand through Arts and Culture? An Analysis of ECoC Bidbooks from 2020 to 2026
Authors: Ciuculescu Elena-Lavinia , Luca Florin-Alexandru
Published: April 2024

Recognizing the vital role of a positive city image in attracting stakeholders, urban officials are increasingly implementing cultural branding strategies to establish and highlight their city’s distinct character. Culture, essential in urban development, shapes identity and local economy, encouraging social cohesion and sustainability. According to existing research, strategies for branding places—and cities in particular—through arts and culture include associating them with a famous personality (such as Barcelona’s perceived connection with Gaudi), flagship buildings (like Paris with the Eiffel Tower) and hallmark events (as exemplified by Cannes and its Film Festival). The European Capital of Culture awarded annually by the European Union, which associates a city with a good cultural reputation, was a favorable starting point for this research. Fourteen EcoC Bidbooks brought forward by candidate cities bidding for the title within the 2020–2026 time frame were analyzed in order to investigate essential components of city branding. The study delves into aspects such as perceived image of European Capital of Culture candidates, problems behind this perceived image and ideal city image, revealing recurrent themes that define cultural European cities today. In addition, the research identifies new strategies that complete Ashworth’s list (such as culture tailored to a particular natural environment, alternative spaces turned into culture hubs, artistic transportation, historical moments and movements, culture gamification, grassroots culture, culture thematization, highlighting the cultures of minorities, cultural fusions and embracing local folklore and mythical creatures). This helps bridge a gap in the specialized literature on cultural place branding. The study’s originality extends to the analysis of Ecoc Bidbooks as a sum of cultural branding strategies proposed by the candidate cities. Each Bidbook is in fact a cultural vision of the city under optimum financial circumstances, thereby carrying a significant weight in the realm of research.
Closing Access Streets to Schools for Vehicular Traffic—Does It Affect the Air Quality?
Authors: Badyda Artur , Rogulski Mariusz
Published: April 2024

This article presents the impact of vehicle traffic intensity and the closure of access roads for wheeled vehicles to selected schools in Warsaw at selected hours of the day on changes in air quality. This study focused primarily on analyses related to the pollutant typical of road traffic, i.e., nitrogen dioxide, but also took into account PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, which are some of the key factors determining the quality of atmospheric air, the sustainability of human beings, and sustainable development. Some kinds of relationships were found between vehicle traffic intensity and air pollutant concentrations, in particular—nitrogen dioxide. Analyses of the pollutant concentrations in the periods before and after the introduction of restrictions on vehicle traffic on working days indicate that, in the case of two of the schools during the morning traffic rush hours, significantly lower NO2 concentrations were observed in the period after the introduction of road traffic restrictions, compared with the period before they were introduced. NO2 concentrations during the morning peak hours (on working days) after introducing restrictions were more than 30% lower than the concentrations recorded during the same hours in the period before introducing restrictions.
Research on Sustainable Economic Dynamics: Digital Technology Development and Relative Poverty of Urban Households
Authors: Jin Sensen , Deng Feng
Published: April 2024

The digital application gap and relative poverty caused by the development of digital technology are both important factors affecting sustainable economic dynamics. This paper explores the impact of digital technology development on the relative poverty of urban households in China, using the China Household Tracking Survey CFPS2010–2018 and the word frequency crawling technology of Python software. The results indicate that failure to adapt to the demands of digital technology may result in a multidimensional digital technology application gap, leading to increased income inequality among urban households and a higher likelihood of relative poverty. In economically developed areas, households headed by individuals with low levels of education and high levels of family support should be particularly mindful of the phenomenon of digital poverty. This paper expands the research scope of relative poverty and deepens the understanding of the relationship between digital technology and economic development, which is beneficial for the government to accelerate the construction of internal and external support mechanisms and to effectively address the challenges posed by sustainable economic development.
The High Mass Accretion in the Innermost Regions of a Viscously Evolved Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Liu Chunjian , Yao Zhen , Quan Yue
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate the mass accretion properties in the innermost regions of a viscously evolved protoplanetary disk and try to find some clues to the outburst events. In our newly developed one-dimensional time-dependent disk model based on the diffusion equation for surface density, we take into account the following physical effects: the gravitational collapse of the parent molecular cloud core, the irradiation from the central star to the disk, the effect of the photoevaporation mechanism, the viscosity due to the magnetorotational instability (MRI) and the gravitational instability (GI), and the thermal ionization mechanism in the inner regions. We find that the mass accretion rate M·disk in the innermost regions is statistically high enough to generate outbursts, although there are regions where the accretion rate is low. Additionally, we find that there is a weak correlation between the high mass accretion rate M·disk and the molecular cloud core’s properties (angular velocity ω and mass Mcd), as well as a strong correlation with the minimum viscosity parameter αmin. In general, there are two regions of outburst, the inner Region I and outer Region II. The outburst of Region I is caused by the MRI mechanism and thermal instability, while neither the MRI, the GI, nor the thermal instability causes the outburst of Region II. Our analysis suggests that the outer Region II is dominated by, or largely related to, the Rosseland mean opacity κR and the αmin parameter.
Reconstruction of Past Water Levels in Data-Deficient Karst Springs
Authors: Wen Chunyan , Li Jizhen , Sun Dandan , Zhang Yanwei , Zhao Naifeng , Hu Litang
Published: April 2024

Karst aquifers are crucial for providing fresh water worldwide but are also incredibly sensitive to human impact and climate change. This study aims to reconstruct the historical water levels of karst springs, despite the lack of data. By combining collected data, we have created a detailed numerical model to understand the complex behavior of karst aquifers. Our research reveals significant drops in the water levels at Longtan Spring, mainly due to the overuse of groundwater and inadequate water recharge, which is critical for the success of the Springs Resurgence project. We have also mapped out historical groundwater levels and identified the necessary conditions to get the spring flowing again. The model proved to be reliable during its calibration from 2000 to 2007, with an average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.52 for the monitoring wells. For the period from 1960 to 2019, our model showed a strong correlation coefficient of over 0.97 when compared with data from the GRACE satellite mission, demonstrating its high accuracy. The approach we have taken in this study provides a feasible way to figure out historical water levels in karst springs, which is vital for protecting these essential fresh water sources. This work will provide a strong basis for policies to restore the spring.
Modern Aile Biçimi: Ailedeki İmgesel Dönüşüm Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Gümüş Süleyman
Published: April 2024

Aile, din eğitimi faaliyetlerinin ve din eğitimi biliminin en önemli sorunsallarından birisidir. Bunda ailenin eğitim sürecindeki rolünün yanı sıra dinin aileye verdiği anlam da önemli bir paya sahiptir. Ailenin toplumsal ve kişisel yaşam için ne kadar belirleyici olduğu ortadadır ve eğer ailedeki ilişkiler radikal bir şekilde değişirse din büyük oranda yaşanmaz hale gelir. Diğer taraftan modernite, kendi ilkeleri ve hedefleri uyarunca aileyi biçimlendirmektedir. Dini olanla modern olan arasındaki bu farklılığı anlamak kolaydır fakat bunları temsil aktörleri ve onların eylemleri açısından analiz etmek o denli kolay değildir. Modern aile çocuk merkezli olarak yeniden yapılandırılmış; anne, ailenin istikrarının güvencesi haline gelirken baba, modern katı ataerkilliğin aktarıcına dönüşmüştür. Aile oluşturmasındaki temel güdü duygusal bağ olurken, duygusal bağın kaynağı olan arzu, çekirdek ailede peşi sıra anomaliler üretmiştir. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde modern batılı ailenin yapısal analizi yapılmış; ikinci bölümde ise toplumumuzun klasik ailesinden modern aileye çekişteki imgesel dönüşüme odaklanılmıştır.
Mitigating Carbon Footprint through Green Software: A Comprehensive Framework for Energy-Efficient Data Centers and User-Friendly Carbon Footprint Calculation
Authors: Raghavasamy.M Tharun , M Ashok , Ramasamy Kumar
Published: April 2024

The carbon footprint of the world is increasing day by day by the activities caused by every citizen. This is because the demand for energy increases and due to the lack of awareness.The average carbon emission is around 4.72 tonnes per person. There are some free online tools which are available for calculating the carbon footprint of each citizen. But those work as a datacentre in which data must be entered manually by the user which makes it quite inefficient. The existing methods do not meet the requirement of ease of handling the data.This software and the datacentres were developed which includes the availability of a user-friendly interface.Data centers also play a major role in carbon footprint, they emit CO2 and consume more energy. Data centers and new technology adoptions are mainly causing this carbon emission.These Data Centres use cloud energy to serve the user-generated requests and this energy consumption is the basic cause of carbon emission. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the data center must be governed. To reduce it, the concept of green software is introduced. Though hardware is seen as the main culprit for the consumption of energy, software plays a tremendous role in determining the efficiency of the hardware. Therefore, software must be energy efficient to handle the data center in low cost, low consumption, and low pressure.This led to the development of GREEN Software. The implementation of green software involves various factors.To reduce it, data center simulators are being used. This simulator calculates the amount of energy consumed and the amount of CO2 emitted, which as a result computes the change in carbon footprint due to it. This green software design framework provides a separate track session on energy consumption by the data center and cloud service provider along with the acquired energy efficiency level by the specific center.
Texture Identification of Cancer Cell Using Tamura’s Feature for Precise Treatment to Avoid Metastasis: A New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Industry 5.0
Authors: Santra Soumen , Dey Hemanta , Ghosh Ammlan , Majumdar Dipankar , Mandal Surajit
Published: April 2024

Texture plays a significant role in image processing where the images are computed to detect mortal diseases like cancer. Artificial Intelligence (AI) finds various approaches in the level of industry expert 5.0 for the precise treatment of this disease which helps to motivate and inculcate patient’s mind from the darkness of it. Cancer changes the structure of the affected area (cell and/or tissue and/or organ) in an irregular manner so the texture or coarseness of ROI (Region of Interest) changes rapidly in the patient’s body. Tamura’s feature is playing to detect different assessment parameters like linelikeness, coarseness, direction of texture, body roughness, smoothness, irregularity, contrast by which the model can assess whether a ROI of input dataset carcinogenic or not. This communication has detected the precise condition of the image of the affected area which helps medical practioner for proper diagnose and treatment to avoid metastasis. Here we use python 3.7 in Google Colab platform to execute the model. As the model is based on deep learning methodologies so this cloud platform helps us to reduce the computation time for big dataset.