bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grounded Theory Approach in Social Research
Authors: Pulla Venkat
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses Grounded Theory, which is one of the newer methodologies becoming popular with social researchers since its evolution in the late 1960s. The paper discusses the principles and processes of the Grounded Theory and then explores the nature of codes, coding process and the concept of saturation. It then goes on to discuss the pros and cons, arguments for and against the use of Grounded Theory methodology in social research and explores the applicability of this methodology in producing sound theoretical basis for practice. Selected narratives from the author's recent studies are used to explain the processes of Grounded Theory methodology.
Mystical Survival: The Geography of the Infinitely Near
Authors: Widyalankara Anuththaradevi
Published: February 2016

Pilgrims Publishing, Varanasi, 2012, 113pp. INR 250/-, Paperback, ISBN 978-81-7769-994-4 byÂ Dr Anuththaradevi Widyalankara
Impact of Rural-urban Labour Migration on Education of Children: A Case Study of Left behind and Accompanied Migrant Children in India
Authors: Roy Archana K , Singh Pappu , Roy U N
Published: February 2016

In developing countries, seasonal labour migration from rural to urban or from backward to developed region is a household livelihood strategy to cope with poverty. In this process, the children of those migrants are the worst affected whether they accompany their parents or are left behind in the villages. The present paper explores the impact of temporary labour migration of parent(s) on school attendance of the children between 6–14 years and their dropping out from the school through an analysis of the cases from both the ends of migration stream in India. Data was collected from thirteen construction sites of Varanasi Uttar Pradesh and nine villages of Bihar by applying both qualitative and quantitative techniques. It is evident from the study that the migrants through remittances improve school accessibility for the left behind children and bridge gender gap in primary school education. However, among the accompanying migrant children of construction workers, many remain out of school and many are forced to drop out and some of them become vulnerable to work as child labour due to seasonal mobility of their parents. Thus, mainstreaming these children in development process is a big challenge in attaining the goal of universal primary education and inclusive growth in the country like India.
Education for Disabled Children in Bangladesh: Perceptions, Misconceptions and Challenges
Authors: Ahmed Neaz , Kashem Abul
Published: February 2016

Despite having specific policy, laws and services, disabled children in Bangladesh are facing troubles in obtaining education. Poverty, limited institutional services, lack of trained teachers, weak academic support, etc. are the most common visual causes behind their physically challenged conditions but the root causes remains hidden in our social system. The paper describes as to how people view the concept, educational need and importance of the disabled children while considering existing social, cultural and religious misconceptions and stigmas. Besides, opinion of the respondent are also described here. Based on quantitative research method, the data was collected from disabled children, their parents and their teachers through interviews and observation of the researchers. The findings reveal that majority of the population considered in the study are still maintaining different attitudes. Moreover, religious and cultural trends are not in favour of the disabled children. Families are found more attentive and sensitive but external supports are not appropriate to ensure their educational rights with harmony. Even disabled children often fail to receive proper cooperation and mental support from their institutions, society and from their parents. However, changes are visible but at a slower pace, and this trend should be speeded up. The paper also probes for the opinions and suggestions of the parents and teachers to overcome those barriers and limitations. The study was conducted in the Sylhet city of Bangladesh covering general and specialised schools where disabled children attend.Â
Urbanisation and Growth of Slum Population in Jharkhand: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Harshwardhan Rahul , Tripathy V K
Published: February 2016

The objective of this paper is to examine the relation between the pace of urbanisation and growth of slum population in Jharkhand. This paper also attempts to analyse the trends and patterns of growth of slum population at the district level in Jharkhand. In terms of urbanisation process of India, slums have become an integral part of urban scenario. In India, rapid growth of slums is the result of rural-urban migration of the rural poor to the cities/towns in search of employment in the last two decades. In the absence of any affordable housing, there has been growth of slums in the urban areas of the country. In India, out of a total population of 1.21 billion, 31.30% population resides in the urban areas, but 21.68% (61.8 million) of the total urban population live in the slums. Slums are considered as a major problem within the urban areas, particularly in relation to the issues of transportation, population growth, health and safety. The developing states or regions of India are more prone to this problem due to the lack of infrastructural development and heavy urban population pressure. Like other states of India, Jharkhand too is facing the problem of slums. After its separation from Bihar in 2000, the rate of urbanisation and the rate of growth of slums had gone high. The study reveals that in 2001, there were only 11 urban centers consisting of slum population but in 2011, it reached to 31. The slum population registers 23.68% growth while the urban population growth stands at 32%. This paper is primarily based on secondary data collected from different governmental agencies, particularly the Census data of population to analyse the spatial distribution of slum population in the districts of Jharkhand. This study explores the changing urbanisation scenario in Jharkhand and the growth of slums with respect to it.
The Naga National Struggle, ‘Framework Agreement’ and the Peace Prospects
Authors: Dutta Akhil Ranjan
Published: February 2016

The signing of the ‘Framework Agreement’ between the Government of India (GOI) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isaac-Muivah) on 3 August 2015 that pledges to restore ‘pride and prestige’ of the Nagas takes place after more than six-and-a-half-decades of violence and militarisation of the Naga society. The Agreement has been signed at a moment when the Naga society is marked by enormous fragmentation from within. While, the GOI through the creation of the state of Nagaland in 1963 and other initiatives created a local ruling class opposed to long-cherished Nagas’ demand for sovereignty; on the other hand, the tribes-centric proliferation of various insurgent outfits has created hostilities within the Naga society. The continuance of security apparatuses like Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), 1958 and that of the top-down development paradigm has been in contrast to the social and cultural dynamics of the Naga society. The recent Accord, which has remained silent on those issues, however, has shifted the Naga national discourse from exclusive sovereignty of the Nagas in Nagaland to that of shared sovereignty of the Nagas within the Union of India. While, there have been celebrations of the Accord among the civil society forces in Nagaland spearheaded by Naga Hoho who for long have endeavoured to sustain ceasefires between GOI and the insurgent outfits in the state, there have, however, been serious reservations in regard to the efficacy of the Accord to restore peace, harmony and national pride among the Nagas.
Water erosion and connectivity analysis during a year with high precipitations in a watershed of Argentina
Authors: Ares María Guadalupe , Bongiorno Fabricio , Holzman Mauro , Chagas Celio , Varni Marcelo , Entraigas Ilda
Published: February 2016

Soil erosion is a global concern because of its consequences for the environment and the economy of countries. In the Argentine Pampas Region, soil erosion process is a priority issue, although there is little information about sediment concentration (SC) in agricultural catchments. The study aimed at assessing the factors that have a major influence on SC and discussing the dynamics of hydrological and sedimentological connectivity during 2012, a year with precipitation over the mean and significant erosive events. The study was conducted in a watershed of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A linear regression model, that considered autocorrelation, was obtained. Maximum rainfall intensity in 30 minutes and peak flow were related to SC. An analysis of satellite images was carried out to discuss the hydrological connectivity, and a connectivity index was calculated to assess changes in sedimentological connectivity. The analyses suggested increments in hydrological and sedimentological connectivity, associated with the drainage area expansion and with water erosion rills. Hydrological connectivity is needed for sedimentological connectivity. However, increments in sedimentological connectivity may have been conditioned by the input of energy to detach and to transport particles. This may have been evidenced when flows exceeded a threshold runoff coefficient.
Metabolite Profiles of Diabetes Incidence and Intervention Response in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Walford Geoffrey A. , Ma Yong , Clish Clary , Florez Jose C. , Wang Thomas J. , Gerszten Robert E. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: February 2016

Identifying novel biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk may improve prediction and prevention among individuals at high risk of the disease and elucidate new biological pathways relevant to diabetes development. We performed plasma metabolite profiling in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a completed trial that randomized high-risk individuals to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions. Previously reported markers, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and glutamine/glutamate, were associated with incident diabetes (P < 0.05 for all), but these associations were attenuated upon adjustment for clinical and biochemical measures. By contrast, baseline levels of betaine, also known as glycine betaine (hazard ratio 0.84 per SD log metabolite level, P = 0.02), and three other metabolites were associated with incident diabetes even after adjustment. Moreover, betaine was increased by the lifestyle intervention, which was the most effective approach to preventing diabetes, and increases in betaine at 2 years were also associated with lower diabetes incidence (P = 0.01). Our findings indicate betaine is a marker of diabetes risk among high-risk individuals both at baseline and during preventive interventions and they complement animal models demonstrating a direct role for betaine in modulating metabolic health.
Intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and reproductive health among university women
Authors: Lévesque Sylvie , Rodrigue Carl , Beaulieu-Prévost Dominic , Blais Martin , Boislard Marie-Aude , Lévy Joseph J.
Published: February 2016

Relationships between victimization, termination of pregnancy (ToP), diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (STI), and emergency contraceptive use were examined using data from a survey of university students in Montreal, Canada. Female students who had been sexually active in the past two years with at least one male partner were included (n=1,812). Victimization experiences were assessed, and logistic regressions were performed to predict the correlates of lifetime use of emergency contraception, ToP, and ever having been diagnosed with an STI. In this sample, 36.1% reported intimate partner violence (IPV), 8.5% reported sexual assault (SA) and 18.9% reported both SA and IPV. Factors statistically associated with emergency contraceptive use, ToP and STI diagnosis were older age, financial hardship, migratory trajectory, early sexual initiation, and dual victimization. These data indicate that the reproductive health needs of female university students experiencing victimization are unmet. Interventions should focus on victimization screening and enhancing reproductive autonomy.
Synthesis of Dimethyl 2-{1-[(1-Methylimidazol-2-yl)Sulfanyl]-1H-Isoquinolin-2-yl}but-2-Enedioate and Related Compounds
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Nasrin , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: February 2016

A good yield in the synthesis of dimethyl 2-{1-[(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1 H-isoquinolin-2-yl}but-2-enedioate and related compounds is described involving the reaction of acetylenic esters and 1-methylimidazole-5-thiol or 1-methyltetrazole-5-thiol as SH-acids in the presence of isoquinoline. This one-pot method is simple and effective under mild conditions.
Highly Efficient Cationic Palladium Catalyzed Acetylation of Alcohols and Carbohydrate-Derived Polyols
Authors: Mensah Enoch , Reyes Francisco , Standiford Eric
Published: February 2016

The development of a new facile method for the acetylation of alcohols and carbohydrate-derived polyols is described. This method relies on the nature of the cationic palladium catalyst, Pd(PhCN)2(OTf)2 which is generated in situ from Pd(PhCN)2Cl2 and AgOTf to catalyze the acetylation reaction. This new acetylation protocol is very rapid and proceeds under mild conditions with only 1 mol% of catalyst loading at room temperature. This new method has been applied to a variety of different alcohols with different levels of steric hindrance, as well as carbohydrate-derived polyols to provide the corresponding fully acetylated products in excellent yields.
Design and Analysis of Electrical Distribution Networks and Balancing Markets in the UK: A New Framework with Applications
Authors: Pakka Vijayanarasimha , Rylatt Richard
Published: February 2016

We present a framework for the design and simulation of electrical distribution systems and short term electricity markets specific to the UK. The modelling comprises packages relating to the technical and economic features of the electrical grid. The first package models the medium/low distribution networks with elements such as transformers, voltage regulators, distributed generators, composite loads, distribution lines and cables. This model forms the basis for elementary analysis such as load flow and short circuit calculations and also enables the investigation of effects of integrating distributed resources, voltage regulation, resource scheduling and the like. The second part of the modelling exercise relates to the UK short term electricity market with specific features such as balancing mechanism and bid-offer strategies. The framework is used for investigating methods of voltage regulation using multiple control technologies, to demonstrate the effects of high penetration of wind power on balancing prices and finally use these prices towards achieving demand response through aggregated prosumers.
Analysis of the Potential for Use of Floating Photovoltaic Systems on Mine Pit Lakes: Case Study at the Ssangyong Open-Pit Limestone Mine in Korea
Authors: Song Jinyoung , Choi Yosoon
Published: February 2016

Recently, the mining industry has introduced renewable energy technologies to resolve power supply problems at mines operating in polar regions or other remote areas, and to foster substitute industries, able to benefit from abandoned sites of exhausted mines. However, little attention has been paid to the potential placement of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems operated on mine pit lakes because it was assumed that the topographic characteristics of open-pit mines are unsuitable for installing any type of PV systems. This study analyzed the potential of floating PV systems on a mine pit lake in Korea to break this misconception. Using a fish-eye lens camera and digital elevation models, a shading analysis was performed to identify the area suitable for installing a floating PV system. The layout of the floating PV system was designed in consideration of the optimal tilt angle and array spacing of the PV panels. The System Advisor Model (SAM) by National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA, was used to conduct energy simulations based on weather data and the system design. The results indicated that the proposed PV system could generate 971.57 MWh/year. The economic analysis (accounting for discount rate and a 20-year operational lifetime) showed that the net present value would be $897,000 USD, and a payback period of about 12.3 years. Therefore, we could know that the economic effect of the floating PV system on the mine pit lake is relatively higher than that of PV systems in the other abandoned mines in Korea. The annual reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was analyzed and found to be 471.21 tCO2/year, which is twice the reduction effect achieved by forest restoration of an abandoned mine site. The economic feasibility of a floating PV system on a pit lake of an abandoned mine was thus established, and may be considered an efficient reuse option for abandoned mines.
Chemical Characterization and Trypanocidal, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxicity Potential of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil
Authors: Barros Luiz , Duarte Antonia , Morais-Braga Maria , Waczuk Emily , Vega Celeste , Leite Nadghia , De Menezes Irwin , Coutinho Henrique , Rocha João , Kamdem Jean
Published: February 2016

Drug resistance in the treatment of neglected parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, has led to the search and development of alternative drugs from plant origins. In this context, the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from Lantana camara leaves was tested against Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The results demonstrated that L. camara essential oil inhibited T. cruzi and L. braziliensis with IC50 of 201.94 μg/mL and 72.31 μg/mL, respectively. L. camara essential oil was found to be toxic to NCTC929 fibroblasts at 500 μg/mL (IC50 = 301.42 μg/mL). The composition of L. camara essential oil analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed large amounts of (E)-caryophyllene (23.75%), biciclogermacrene (15.80%), germacrene D (11.73%), terpinolene (6.1%), and sabinene (5.92%), which might be, at least in part, responsible for its activity. Taken together, our results suggest that L. camara essential oil may be an important source of therapeutic agents for the development of alternative drugs against parasitic diseases.
Suppressive Effects of the Site 1 Protease (S1P) Inhibitor, PF-429242, on Dengue Virus Propagation
Authors: Uchida Leo , Urata Shuzo , Ulanday Gianne , Takamatsu Yuki , Yasuda Jiro , Morita Kouichi , Hayasaka Daisuke
Published: February 2016

Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes one of the most widespread mosquito-borne diseases in the world. Despite the great need, effective vaccines and practical antiviral therapies are still under development. Intracellular lipid levels are regulated by sterol regulatory elements-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are activated by serine protease, site 1 protease (S1P). Small compound PF-429242 is known as a S1P inhibitor and the antivirus effects have been reported in some viruses. In this study, we examined the anti-DENV effects of PF-429242 using all four serotypes of DENV by several primate-derived cell lines. Moreover, emergence of drug-resistant DENV mutants was assessed by sequential passages with the drug. DENV dependency on intracellular lipids during their infection was also evaluated by adding extracellular lipids. The addition of PF-429242 showed suppression of viral propagation in all DENV serotypes. We showed that drug-resistant DENV mutants are unlikely to emerge after five times sequential passages through treatment with PF-429242. Although the levels of intracellular cholesterol and lipid droplets were reduced by PF-429242, viral propagations were not recovered by addition of exogenous cholesterol or fatty acids, indicating that the reduction of LD and cholesterol caused by PF-429242 treatment is not related to its mechanism of action against DENV propagation. Our results suggest that PF-429242 is a promising candidate for an anti-DENV agent.
Amino-functionalized (meth)acryl polymers by use of a solvent-polarity sensitive protecting group (Br-t-BOC)
Authors: Ritter Helmut , Tabatabai Monir , Herrmann Markus
Published: February 2016

We describe the synthesis of bromo-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Br-t-BOC)-amino-protected monomers 2-((1-bromo-2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino)ethyl (meth)acrylate 3a,b. For this purpose, 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate 1a,b was reacted with 1-bromo-2-methylpropan-2-ol (2a). The free radical polymerization of (Br-t-BOC)-aminoethyl (meth)acrylates 3a,b yielded poly((Br-t-BOC)-aminoethyl (meth)acrylate) 6a,b bearing protected amino side groups. The subsequent solvolysis of the Br-t-BOC function led to the new polymers poly(2-aminoethyl (meth)acrylate) 8a,b with protonated free amino groups. The monomers and the resulting polymers were thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, IR, GPC and DSC methods. The kinetics of the deprotection step was followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solvent polarity and neighboring group effects on the kinetics of deprotection are discussed.
CONSTRAINING THE WARM DARK MATTER PARTICLE MASS THROUGH ULTRA-DEEP UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT z = 2
Authors: Menci N. , Sanchez N. G. , Castellano M. , Grazian A.
Published: February 2016

We compute the mass function of galactic dark matter halos for different values of the warm dark matter (WDM) particle mass m

X
and compare it with the number density of ultra-faint galaxies derived from the deepest UV luminosity function available so far at redshift z ≈ 2. The magnitude limit M
UV = −13 reached by such observations allows us to probe the WDM mass functions down to scales close to or smaller than the half-mass mode mass scale ∼109
M
⊙. This allowed for an efficient discrimination among predictions for different m

X
which turn out to be in practice independent of the star formation efficiency η adopted to associate the observed UV luminosities of galaxies to the corresponding dark matter halo masses. Adopting a conservative approach to take into account the existing theoretical uncertainties in the galaxy halo mass function, we obtain a robust limit m

X
 ≥ 1.8 keV for the mass of thermal relic WDM particles when comparing with the measured abundance of the faintest galaxies, while m

X
 ≥ 1.5 keV is obtained when we compare with the Schechter fit to the observed luminosity function. The corresponding lower limit for sterile neutrinos depends on the modeling of the production mechanism; for instance m
sterile ≳ 4 keV holds for the Shi–Fuller mechanism. We discuss the impact of observational uncertainties on the above bound on m

X
. In the cold dark matter (CDM) limit

we recover the generic CDM result that very inefficient star formation efficiency is required to match the observed galaxy abundances. As a baseline for comparison with forthcoming observational results from the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Field project, we provide predictions for the number density of faint galaxies with M
UV = −13 for different values of the WDM particle mass and of the star formation efficiency η, which are valid up to z ≈ 4.
KamLAND SENSITIVITY TO NEUTRINOS FROM PRE-SUPERNOVA STARS
Authors: Asakura K. , Gando A. , Gando Y. , Hachiya T. , Hayashida S. , Ikeda H. , Inoue K. , Ishidoshiro K. , Ishikawa T. , Ishio S. , Koga M. , Matsuda S. , Mitsui T. , Motoki D. , Nakamura K. , Obara S. , Oura T. , Shimizu I. , Shirahata Y. , Shirai J. , Suzuki A. , Tachibana H. , Tamae K. , Ueshima K. , Watanabe H. , Xu B. D. , Kozlov A. , Takemoto Y. , Yoshida S. , Fushimi K. , Piepke A. , Banks T. I. , Berger B. E. , Fujikawa B. K. , O’Donnell T. , Learned J. G. , Maricic J. , Matsuno S. , Sakai M. , Winslow L. A. , Efremenko Y. , Karwowski H. J. , Markoff D. M. , Tornow W. , Detwiler J. A. , Enomoto S. , Decowski M. P. ,   The KamLAND Collaboration
Published: February 2016

In the late stages of nuclear burning for massive stars (M > 8 M
⊙), the production of neutrino–antineutrino pairs through various processes becomes the dominant stellar cooling mechanism. As the star evolves, the energy of these neutrinos increases and in the days preceding the supernova a significant fraction of emitted electron anti-neutrinos exceeds the energy threshold for inverse beta decay on free hydrogen. This is the golden channel for liquid scintillator detectors because the coincidence signature allows for significant reductions in background signals. We find that the kiloton-scale liquid scintillator detector KamLAND can detect these pre-supernova neutrinos from a star with a mass of 25 M
⊙ at a distance less than 690 pc with 3σ significance before the supernova. This limit is dependent on the neutrino mass ordering and background levels. KamLAND takes data continuously and can provide a supernova alert to the community.
WATCHDOG: A COMPREHENSIVE ALL-SKY DATABASE OF GALACTIC BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARIES
Authors: Tetarenko B. E. , Sivakoff G. R. , Heinke C. O. , Gladstone J. C.
Published: February 2016

With the advent of more sensitive all-sky instruments, the transient universe is being probed in greater depth than ever before. Taking advantage of available resources, we have established a comprehensive database of black hole (and black hole candidate) X-ray binary (BHXB) activity between 1996 and 2015 as revealed by all-sky instruments, scanning surveys, and select narrow-field X-ray instruments on board the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Monitor of All-Sky X-ray Image, Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, and Swift telescopes; the Whole-sky Alberta Time-resolved Comprehensive black-Hole Database Of the Galaxy or WATCHDOG. Over the past two decades, we have detected 132 transient outbursts, tracked and classified behavior occurring in 47 transient and 10 persistently accreting BHs, and performed a statistical study on a number of outburst properties across the Galactic population. We find that outbursts undergone by BHXBs that do not reach the thermally dominant accretion state make up a substantial fraction (∼40%) of the Galactic transient BHXB outburst sample over the past ∼20 years. Our findings suggest that this “hard-only” behavior, observed in transient and persistently accreting BHXBs, is neither a rare nor recent phenomenon and may be indicative of an underlying physical process, relatively common among binary BHs, involving the mass-transfer rate onto the BH remaining at a low level rather than increasing as the outburst evolves. We discuss how the larger number of these “hard-only” outbursts and detected outbursts in general have significant implications for both the luminosity function and mass-transfer history of the Galactic BHXB population.
Une révolution culturelle ?
Authors: Jacquemond Richard
Published: February 2016

Résumé Génération révolution
Le sucre
Authors: Vaugelade Anaïs
Published: February 2016

Résumé Et qu’il soit lent…
Déplis de peuples
Authors: Bortzmeyer Gabriel
Published: February 2016

Résumé Filmer la révolution
Pré-impressions d’Évian
Authors: Rabau Sophie
Published: February 2016

Résumé Voyage à contre-courant
Que, jamais, on ne me préserve de faire la vagabonde
Authors: Mendelsohn Sophie
Published: February 2016

Résumé Vicieuses perverses non-dangereuses
The role of the canonical biplot method in the study of volatile compounds in cheeses of variable composition
Authors: González-Martín M. I. , Vicente-Tavera S. , Revilla I. , Vivar-Quintana A. M. , González-Pérez C. , Hernández Hierro J. M. , Lobos-Ortega I.
Published: February 2016

The canonical biplot method (CB) is used to determine the discriminatory power of volatile chemical compounds in cheese. These volatile compounds were used as variables in order to differentiate among 6 groups or populations of cheeses (combinations of two seasons (winter and summer) with 3 types of cheese (cow, sheep and goat’s milk). We analyzed a total of 17 volatile compounds by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass detection. The compounds included aldehydes and methyl-aldehydes, alcohols (primary, secondary and branched chain), ketones, methyl-ketones and esters in winter (WC) and summer (SC) cow’s cheeses, winter (WSh) and summer (SSh) sheep’s cheeses and in winter (WG) and summer (SG) goat’s cheeses. The CB method allows differences to be found as a function of the elaboration of the cheeses, the seasonality of the milk, and the separation of the six groups of cheeses, characterizing the specific volatile chemical compounds responsible for such differences.
Influence of pre-sowing treatments by gamma rays on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of Sesamum indicum L.
Authors: Hussein O. S. , Hamideldin N.
Published: February 2016

The present work aims to improve the quantity and quality of seeds and/or seed oil by using low doses of radiation. Sesame seeds were exposed to γ- rays at levels of 30, 60 and 90 Gy. The results show that 30, 60 and 90 Gy doses activated most of growth and yield parameters significantly (weight of plant, number of capsules, weight of capsules/plant and weight of seeds/plant), with 60 Gy being the best dose. With regard to the total oil percentage in the produced crops, few changes have been observed, which did not reach the level of significance. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid (18:1, omega 9) was increase by 10.5% at a 30 Gy dose followed by 60 Gy (1.1%). The total of amino acid content showed that 30 Gy dose recorded the highest value (350.4 mg·g−1) followed by 60 Gy (285.6 mg·g−1) as compared to the control value (254.4 mg·g−1). The values of phosphorus, potassium magnesium and iron which represent the major minerals in sesame seeds were increased in the irradiated samples.
Effect of Spanish style processing on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Algerian green table olives
Authors: Mettouchi S. , Sacchi R. , Ould Moussa Z. E.D. , Paduano A. , Savarese M. , Tamendjari A.
Published: February 2016

The study was carried out on seven Algerian olive cultivars to report the effect of Spanish style processing on individual and total phenolic compounds and the changes that occur in antioxidant capacity. The results indicate that the treatment leads to losses in phenolic contents which are cultivar dependent. Sigoise is the least affected variety (12.25%) and Azzeradj from Seddouk the most affected one (94.80%). The phenolic profile shows drastic changes after processing. Hydroxytyrosol is dominant in processed olives (14.42–545.42 mg.100 g-1) while oleuropein is the major phenolic compound in fresh olives (994.27 mg.100 g-1). As a consequence to the loss in phenolic content, substantial reductions in the antioxidant activities of the extracts are noted. They are estimated to be 13.12–92.75% in scavenging activity against the DPPH radical, 37.78–93.98% in reducing capacity, 59.45–97.94% in the hydrogen peroxide radical and 7.26–51.66% in the inhibition bleaching of β-carotene. Among the processed varieties, only Sigoise presented a positive value of RACI (relative antioxidant capacity index).
Conversion of Oleum papaveris seminis oil into methyl esters via esterification process: Optimization and kinetic study
Authors: Syam A. M. , Rashid U. , Yunus R. , Hamid H. A. , Al-Resayes S. I. , Nehdi I. A. , Al-Muhtaseb A. H.
Published: February 2016

This paper presents an acid pre-treatment process and a kinetic study for the esterification reaction of Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of amberlite 120 as a solid catalyst to convert the oil into methyl esters. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters, i.e. reaction time, percentage of the catalyst and volume ratio of methanol to oil. The results revealed that 0.87% w/w of catalyst concentration and 44.70% v/v of methanol to oil ratio provided final free fatty acid (FFA) contents of 0.60% w/w at 102.40 min of reaction time. It proved that the contribution of Amberlite 120 in the esterification of FFA was highly significant. The kinetics of the esterification in Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of the amberlite 120 catalyst were also investigated to establish the reaction rate constant (k), reaction order, and activation energy. The study was performed under the optimized parameters at three reaction temperatures (50, 55, and 60 ºC). The value of k was in the range of 0.013 to 0.027 min-1. The first-order kinetics’ model was suitable for this irreversible FFA esterification with the activation energy of about 60.9 KJ·mol-1.
Formación de recubrimientos resistentes a la abrasión de compuestos intermetálicos del tipo AlSiFexMny sobre la aleación AISI 304L
Authors: Martínez-Perales Laura G. , Flores-Valdés Alfredo , Salinas-Rodríguez Armando , Ochoa-Palacios Rocío M. , Toscano-Giles José A. , Torres-Torres Jesús
Published: February 2016

Los intermetálicos α-Al9FeMnSi y β-Al9FeMn2Si formados por sinterización reactiva de polvos Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni se han utilizado en aceros AISI 304L para mejorar la microdureza. Las variables de procesamiento de sinterización reactiva fueron temperatura (600, 650, 700, 750, y 800 °C), presión (5, 10 y 20 MPa) y el tiempo de retención (3600, 5400 7200 segundos). Los resultados experimentales muestran que la temperatura es la variable más importante que afecta a la formación del sustrato/recubrimiento, mientras que la presión no parece tener un efecto significativo una influencia significativa. Los resultados muestran las condiciones óptimas de la sinterización reactiva que favorecen la formación del sustrato/recubrimiento a 800 °C, 20 MPa y 7200 segundos. En estas condiciones, la zona de reacción entre el sustrato y el recubrimiento es más compacta y bien adherida, con microdureza de 1300 Vickers. Los resultados de MEB y DRX confirman la formación de intermetálicos α-Al9FeMnSi y β-Al9FeMn2Si en la interfase sustrato/ recubrimiento, así como la presencia de Cr y Ni, indicando la difusión de estos dos elementos del sustrato a la interfaz.
What is digital identity?
Authors: Ertzscheid Olivier
Published: February 2016

The question of digital identity and e-reputation is central in today’s Internet ecosystem, both in terms of individual and collective use. This book is an accessible guide to cutting-edge research on the subject and provides an overview of the fundamental issues that individuals need to master in order to retain control over their or their organization’s online presence.

This is a book for readers who wish to discover more about this rich and complex issue, as well as for businesses, organizations and public authorities seeking a methodology and good practices in this domain. It is also for all those who have asked themselves at least once whether the publication of a piece of information, a video or a Facebook status update risked causing harm to themselves one day, their friends and family, or their employer. Lastly, and above all, this is a book for people who have never asked themselves that question.

This book has been produced with support from the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Public Banking Sector for Sustainable Development
Authors: El Dessouky Naglaa Fathy
Published: February 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a significant field of studies to stress the importance of the new role of organizations towards the society for sustainable development. Nowadays, an enormous number of authors have been participating in this field to highlight the responsibility of organizations towards the community, society and the natural environment where they are operating. Despite the growing number of researches related to CSR in the developed countries little empirical studies have been devoted to examine CSR concept and practice in the African countries, the MENA region (Middle-East and North Africa), as well as in the Golf countries. This chapter seeks to study CSR concept and practice in the emerging market economies (EMEs). It will mainly focus on the implementations of CSR by the public banking sector. We will investigate the role of the public banking sector existing in an Arab country in comparison to an Asian country to explain and analyze the similarities and differences of CSR activities in both experiences. In this comparative study we will primarily examine Banque Misr, as one of the oldest and largest public bank in Egypt and the Malayan Banking Berhad (trading as Maybank) as the largest public bank in Malaysia. After a meticulous review of literature, we propose a systemic framework to study CSR practices and policy implementations. We illustrated the CSR as a constant process where all variables are interrelated and are affecting each other in a mutual approach. In this systemic framework we advocated to study all significant variables related to CSR practice as: the history/philosophy development, core-values, CSR adopted definition, motives, key players, approaches, stakeholders focus, sectors of intervention and mechanisms of policy implementations. The chapter concludes that common CSR policies exist between the Malaysian and the Egyptian experience. Nevertheless the Malaysian model has formulated an elaborated and further sophisticated CSR public banking program. Meanwhile, the Egyptian model needs to adopt more global oriented CSR public banking policies, in particular to assure the sustainable development requirements.
The Normative Grounding of Social Responsibility in African Emerging Markets
Authors: Mofuoa Khali
Published: February 2016

In African emerging markets (AEMs), the prevailing notions of social responsibility (SR) are based chiefly on Western ethics. Even discussions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have, more often than not, been couched in the similar manner. Consequently, the field of CSR in AEMs is largely unaware of Setho ethics that for it are germane as a basis for thinking and talking about SR. In this chapter, the author proposes Setho ethics rooted in Botho, which sees the communal, interdependence and interrelatedness of beings, as an alternative vision of CSR in AEMs. In fact, people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) see themselves in a symbiotic relationship with society, a point well-articulated by Mbiti (1969, p. 24) thus, “I am because you are, and since we are, therefore I am”. This African view through the Setho ethics lenses generates a different notion of an ideal SR of business to society worth illuminating in the CSR discourse today.
Rise of Experiential Marketing in Emerging Markets
Authors: Youssef Mervat Medhat , Abdallah Hanan Atef
Published: February 2016

This chapter aims to contribute towards the improvement of using Experiential Marketing as a business model in Emerging Markets. This chapter also clarifies how experiential marketing fits within the Emerging marketing climate, and how to go about planning and evaluating it for best results. It provides examples focused on Emerging Markets ethics, market mix strategies, customer brand consumption experience and consumer word of mouth. The finding suggests how Experiential Marketing strategies can best utilize marketing communication channels to achieve Emerging Markets objectives. This chapter will encourage companies and brands in Emerging Markets to look into using experiential advertising in their marketing strategies. The chapter will focus on highlighting the connection between Emerging Markets and Experiential Marketing in different aspects, which then will be analyzed in order to determine how functional and successful Experiential Marketing can be. It concludes with analysis of demonstrating views from the public and experiential specialists.
The Benefits and Challenges of Using Mobile-Based Tools in Self-Management and Care
Authors: Misra Rupananda
Published: February 2016

An effective intervention tool in self-management and care is the patients' use of mobile-based devices. This tool reflects a paradigm shift in many areas of health management from healthcare professionals to the patients themselves. These mobile devices contribute to a growing public interest in self-care. This new use will save patients not only expensive hospitalization costs and doctor visits but will also save the US treasury millions of dollars. To successfully empower the patients who use these mobile-based tools to manage their own health as well as to see positive health outcomes, Mobile app developers need to consider many things when developing these mobile apps such as an engaging and easy-to-use interface, relevant content, and more. In addition, the developers must secure patient data and ensure user privacy.
Expanding Role of Telephone Systems in Healthcare
Authors: Shi Jing , Erdem Ergin , Liu Heping
Published: February 2016

The telephone systems in healthcare settings serve as a viable tool for improving the quality of service provided to patients, decreasing the cost, and improving the patient satisfaction. It can play a pivotal role for transformation of the healthcare delivery for embracing personalized and patient centered care. This chapter presents a systematic review of new developments of healthcare telephone system operations in various areas such as tele-health. Current research on topics such as tele-diagnosis, tele-nursing, tele-consultation is outlined. Specific issues associated with the emerging applications such as underreferral, legal issues, patient acceptance, on-call physician are discussed. Meanwhile, the architecture and underlying technologies for healthcare telephone systems are introduced, and the performance metrics for measuring the system operations are provided. In addition, challenges and opportunities related with improving the healthcare telephone systems are identified, and the potential opportunities of optimizing these systems are pointed out.
Evaluating and Managing Electronic Commerce and Outsourcing Projects in Hospitals
Authors: Lin Chad , Jalleh Geoffrey , Huang Yu-An
Published: February 2016

Despite the huge popularity of outsourcing in electronic commerce/IT in the past two decades, many hospitals have failed to realize the expected benefits from their outsourcing projects. Not surprisingly, the management of electronic commerce/IT outsourcing contracts has become one of the top management issues for hospitals executives in recent years. Hence, the purpose of this study was to provide an overview of outsourcing in electronic commerce/IT investment evaluation and benefits realization processes and practices in Australian and Taiwanese hospitals. Inherent in this study was the opportunity to compare such practices between a developed economy (Australia) and a newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). Several key electronic commerce/IT investment evaluation and outsourcing issues and challenges faced by Australian and Taiwanese hospitals will be presented. The results will assist hospital executives to develop their own approaches and strategies to better manage the opportunities and threats that exist in undertaking electronic commerce/IT outsourcing projects in Australian and Taiwanese hospitals.
Waseda University's E-School
Authors: Nishimura Shoji , Scott Douglass J.
Published: February 2016

In 2003, the School of Human Sciences, Waseda University (Japan), established the e-School, Japan's first complete undergraduate program enabling students to earn their bachelor degrees solely through e-learning. Supported by the availability of high-speed Internet connections, it has become possible to economically transmit high-quality videotaped lectures across Japan and throughout the world. Waseda's e-School has many features that contribute to its success, among these are that lecture contents are transmitted with an image quality that allows students to easily read what is written on the blackboard. In addition, online classes are relatively small—21 students on average—and new classes are created to respond to students' needs and interests. This chapter outlines the e-School's first 10 years of operation: Its history, curriculum, administration, and management learning system. Data are also presented for student engagement with the e-School system for the first ten years of operation (2003-2012).
From Healthcare Services to E-Health Applications
Authors: Spinelli Riccardo , Benevolo Clara
Published: February 2016

The increasing adoption of ICT – and especially Internet-based technologies – in healthcare has been very fruitful and has led to the innovative approach to healthcare practice commonly known as e-health. However, the boundaries of this new approach to healthcare are not clear, as it is reflected by the various properties and taxonomies of e-health applications which have been proposed. In this chapter, we first review the definition of e-health and the main taxonomies for its constituents. Then we propose an original taxonomy for e-health applications, based on the structural features of the delivery system of the services which are digitalized: the need for a physical interaction between the subjects involved in the service provisioning and the possibility of delivering the services through Internet-based technology.
“Microblog, A Public Sphere?”
Authors: Jiang Shaohai
Published: February 2016

Based on Habermas' public sphere theory, this chapter examined netizens' opinion expression about the “Snowden affair” on two microblogging websites, Twitter and its Chinese counterpart, Sina Weibo. The results indicated that on Sina Weibo, netizens were more likely to express their opinion and particularly show their attitude towards Snowden. However, their voice was quite homogenous, mostly supporting him. On Twitter, netizens had diverse attitudes towards Snowden, and the news reports on Twitter covered far more topics. However, Twitter users prefer forwarding news to directly expressing their own opinion. And the US government did not have active engagement on Twitter. Thus, in both democratic and authoritarian contexts, microblogging has some important elements of public sphere, although it might not be absolute. We cannot ignore the communicative power of microblogging to promote cooperation and mutual understanding, which is significant in the democratic process and civil society in both China and the US.
Reformulating Government-Citizen Relations in a Digitally Connected World
Authors: Gessler Helin Alagöz
Published: February 2016

This chapter analyses the effects of social media on political communication and the role they play in government-citizen relations by focusing on the Twitter ban phenomenon in Turkey in March 2014. The chapter asks the reasons of government intervention in social media, particularly Twitter. It argues that Twitter makes, on the one hand, a significant contribution to the evolution of political participation as it diversifies the process and methods of political communication. On the other hand, it introduces a new type of security dilemma which encourages governments to consider taking measures against social media to protect their authority.
Imperfect Bipartisanship and Spanish Pluralism
Authors: Escolar Marta Pérez
Published: February 2016

The objective of this research is to find if the success of Podemos in the 2014 European Parliament Elections and its activity on Twitter agrees with the theoretical perspectives that Dahlgren (2011) and De Ugarte (2007) developed or if there is a new civic participation paradigm that determines the success of the current political communication strategies. In order to verify this proposal, this study not only has applied Dahlgren and De Ugarte's theories, but it has also developed a tweets sampling methodology that permits collection and analysis of information from Podemos' tweets from the 25th March 2014 to the 24th May 2014. The main conclusion of this research is that there is not a ‘new civic participation model', but there are some emerging social and collective trends that De Ugarte and Dahlgren did not consider in their approaches, but that offer a context for the development of a new concept of “politics”.