bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON SEA‐BLUE HISTIOCYTES AND GAUCHER‐LIKE CELLS IN ACQUIRED LIPIDOSIS OCCURRING IN LEUKEMIA
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Terashima Kazuo , Kojima Mizu , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kimura Hideo
Published: August 2010

Smears of bone marrow aspiration from 82 patients with leukemia and major hematopoietic organs, such as bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes, obtained from 97 autopsy cases of the disease, were light‐microscopically examined. As the results, occurrence of either sea‐blue histiocytes or Gaucher‐like cells, or of both, was observed in bone marrow smears of 23 patients and in the hematopoietic tissues of 44 out of the examined cases, particularly marked in those of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In acute myelogenous leukemia, these lipid storage cells were also confirmed though less in frequency or degree. Histochemically, the sea‐blue histiocytes were substantiated to contain ceroid‐like pigments in their cytoplasm, while the lipid materials stored in the Gaucher‐like cells were presumed to be glycolipids. Ultrastructural morphology of the inclusions in the sea‐blue histiocytes was almost consistent with that of ceroid previously reported, but showed more marked variegated and heterogeneous features. Intracytoplasmic inclusions of the Gaucher‐like cells differed from those of Gaucher cells seen in Gaucher's disease and were dominated by fibrillar or linear deposits. Transitions from phagocytized leukemic cells to the inclusions characteristic of each type of the cells were traced. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 775‐797, 1977.
INDUCTION OF ATROPHIC GASTRITIS IN ICR MICE BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF AN ALLOGENIC ANTIGEN
Authors: Watanabe Hiromitsu , Hieose Fumio , Takizawa Shoichi , Terada Yoritaka
Published: August 2010

In an attempt to produce experimental autoimmunity in small animals the experiment was sought to induce atrophic gastritis in IGR/JGL mice. The stomach antigen of ICR mice was extracted and emulsified with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant. This was subcutaneously injected in 5‐week‐old IGR/JGL mice at 1 week intervals for a total of 1 to 4 administrations. The stomach antibody in the serum gradually increased up to 26 until four weeks after the last injection of the stomach antigen. At the same time pyknosis and a decrease in number of the gastric mucosal cells, which ultimately led to the atrophying of gastric mucosa, developed. Thereafter, concomitant with the decrease in serum antibody against mucous cells, regeneration of mucous cells was especially remarkable, but atrophy of the fundic gland continued. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 799‐808, 1977.
TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF MOUSE ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA CELLS (Y‐1) IN NON‐STIMULATED AND STIMULATED STATES
Authors: Kawaoi Akira , Uchida Toshikazu , Okano Tadao
Published: August 2010

ACTH sensitive murine adrenocortical adenoma cells (Y‐1) were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopes under non‐stimulated and stimulated conditions. They showed the ultrastructural characteristics which were fairly different from those of the original adrenocortical cells of LAF1 mice. The smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (sER) were poorly developed, and the mitochondrial cristae showed lamellar rather than tubular or tubulo‐vesicular type. Administration of AGTH induced rounding‐up of the Y‐1 cells with slight increase in sER, but no mitochondria with vesicular inner structure appeared. The effects of dbcAMP on the morphology of the Y‐1 cells were similar to those of AGTH except that the rounding‐up occurred more rapidly and uniformly. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 841‐856, 1977.
DISTRIBUTION OF FIBROUS LONG‐SPACING FIBERS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL LYMPH NODES
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Masuda Shinji , Kitamura Tokuji , Moriizumi Tetsuji , Kajikawa Kinichiro
Published: August 2010

The occurrence and distribution of fibrous long‐spacing fibers (FLS) of lymph nodes in normal and pathological conditions have been examined by electron microscopy. The FLS can be easily identified by the characteristic broad cross bands with a 90 to 120 nm period. In normal lymph nodes, the FLS were most often found in the stalk of the valve projecting into the lymphatic sinus and in the perivascular matrix, and less frequently in the wall of the vein, in the sinus wall and in the stroma of the medulla at the hilus. In pathological conditions, a large number of FLS appeared in the hyalinous matrix of lymphocyte depletion type of Hodgkin's disease. These fibers were also observed in reticular matrices of lymphosarcoma and mixed cellularity type of Hodgkin's disease as well as in granulation tissues. It was noted that FLS appeared to be formed in the regions where abundant reticular fibers were laid down. Compared with the ultrastructural and histological findings in various lesions of lymph nodes, the possible mechanism and significance of FLS were discussed.
CLINICO‐PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GASTRO‐DUODENAL ULCERS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF AGING OF THE PATIENTS
Authors: Yamagiwa Hiroshi , Yoshimura Hitoshi , Tomiyama Hiroki , Kobuchi Kinya , Onishi Takehisa , Gochi Akira
Published: August 2010

The gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer resected surgically were Investigated clinico‐pathologically. The duodenal ulcers occurred frequently in the third to fourth decades in the patients with relatively normal gastric mucosal structure and high acid secretion. On the other hand, the gastric ulcer occurred frequently in the fifth to sixth decades in the patients with moderate to marked mucosal damage and subsequent intestinal metaplasia. Although the duodenal ulcers occurred frequently in the anterior wall, the gastric ulcers were usually found in the lesser curvature and posterior wall. Multiple lesions in the patients of gastric ulcer and linear lesion in the patients of duodenal ulcer increase by aging. The duodenal ulcers were found at the rate of 25% in the patients with gastric ulcer and the gastric ulcers were found at the rate of 40% in the patients with duodenal ulcer.
HEMANGIOENDOTHELIAL SARCOMA OF THE LIVER AFTER THOROTRAST INJECTION
Authors: Hiraoka Takesuke , Kambara Takeshi , Morinaga Takeshi , Nakagawa Shoso
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver which occurred 33 years after the injection of thorotrast was reported. A fifty‐nine years old male with complaint of abdominal swelling and progressive jaundice died of hepatic failure and hemorrhage from gastric ulcer after 10 days of medical treatment in the Kumamoto University Hospital. Autopsy revealed hemangioendothelial sarcoma and multiple capillary hemangiomas in the liver. Histologically, a yellowish brown crystalline substance was intensively accumulated in the connective tissue in and adjacent to the thickened capsule of the liver, the lymph nodes of hepatic hilus, the spleen, the bone and the bone marrow. The material was certified as thorotrast with the Th‐232 activity measurement and the autoradiographical examination. The absorbed dose of irradiation of the local liver tissue was calculated to be approximately 2,597 rads in 33 years. The relation among capillary hemangioma, hemagioendothelial sarcoma, and thorotrast was discussed.
TYPE 1 GLYCOGENOSIS WITH CONTRACTED KIDNEYS AND LIVER CELL ADENOMA
Authors: Nishio Shunji , Oka Kazunari , Tanaka Kenzo , Imagawa Eiji , Omae Teruo
Published: August 2010

A 22‐year‐ old man with type 1 glycogenosis died of renal and respiratory failure. Postmortem examination revealed deposition of glycogen in liver cells, a liver cell adenoma, bilateral contracted kidneys with scant glycogen deposition, and pulmonary edema. The development of liver cell adenoma was thought to be related to underlying metabolic disorder and contracted kidneys were considered to be the sequel of massive glycogen deposition in the renal tubular epithelium.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN HUMAN BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: Tanaka Hisako , Shimoda Tadakazu , Uchida Ken , Suzuki Teruo , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: August 2010

Lymphocyte subsets in the tumor nests of breast carcinoma were immunohistochemically investigated and a quantitative analysis was added. The majority of cases showed predominance of T cell and suppressor T cell (T8). A decrease in number of lymphocyte subsets and the helper T (T4)/T8 ratio in the stroma of tumor nests correlated well with the progression of clinical stage and the presence of metastasis. This correlation could not be found in the peripheral region of the tumor nests. Macrophages and NK cells were infrequently observed only in the peripheral region of ductal carcinoma. T cell infiltration was prominent in medullary carcinoma with lymphocyte infiltration (MC), and macrophages, NK cells, and T zone histiocytes were frequently encountered. For the purpose of knowing the activity of T cells, IL‐2 receptor (Tac) and transferrin receptor were examined irnmunohistochemically. The fact that a few activated T cells were found only in the peripheral region of tumor nest suggested the local immune response in ductal carcinoma not to be so active as to reject the tumor cells. Since numerous activated T cells were recognized in the tumor nests of MC, this type of breast carcinoma was thought to have a higher immune reactivity. There was little evidence indicating NK cells to play a role for natural cytotoxicity in breast carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36 1455‐1468, 1968
PROGNOSIS OF MINUTE CARCINOMA OF THYROID| Follow‐up Study of 49 Patients
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Mochizuki Yuichi , Nakayama Iwao
Published: August 2010

Forty‐nine patients with minute carcinoma of thyroid gland (clinically silent carcinoma less than 10 mm in diameter) underwent partial thyroidectomy and regional lymph node dissection. Nodal metastasis was found in 33 patients (67%). Histologically, no difference in the incidence of nodal metastasis was found between sclerosing carcinoma and nonsclerosing carcinoma. During the period of follow‐up (from 3 to 18 years), neither recurrence of the carcinoma nor death was observed in 16 patients without nodal metastasis and 24 patients who had less than 4 metastatically involved nodes. In these 24 patients, most of the metastatic deposits were less than 5 mm in diameter and even the largest one did not exceed 16 mm. Recurrence without death was found in 2 of 4 patients who had many metastatically involved nodes, more than 8, or at least one large metastatic deposit measuring larger than 16 rnm in diameter (moderately involved group), whereas recurrence followed by death occurred in 3 of 5 who had many involved nodes and at least one large deposit (extensively involved group). In both moderately and extensively involved groups, recurrence and death occurred in elder patients. The present study suggested that the prognosis of minute carcinoma depends on the degree of nodal involvement and age of the patient. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36 1469‐1475, 1986.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF HEMANGIOMAS: 4. Cavernous Hemangioma of the Liver
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu
Published: August 2010

Seven cases of cavernous hamangioma of the liver found accidentally at autopsy were studied by electron microscope. The structures of the hemangioma consisted of capillaries and the intervening stromal cells. The endothelial cells contained pinocytotic vesicles, scattered ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. A distinct basement membrane was present beneath the endothelial cells, and multilaminated arrangement of the basement membrane was sometimes observed beneath the endothelial cells. The endothelial cells also contained numerous cytoplasmic filaments, but contained sparse specific endothelial granules. The internal elastic lamina was hardly seen at all in the hemangioma. The stromal cells showed typical smooth muscle cells, modified smooth muscle cells, and fibroblast‐like cells. Elastic tissue as well as collagen fibers was present within the intervening stroma. Neither adventitia nor nerve fibers were found in the cavernous hemangioma. It is thought that cavernous hemangioma of the liver may be of a hamartomatous nature. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36:1477‐ 1485, 1986.,
GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF TENDON SHEATH| An Immunohistochemical Study of 28 Cases
Authors: Mizuno Kazuya , Ishikura Hiroshi , Aizawa Miki
Published: August 2010

An immunohistochemical study was carried out on 28 cases of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Although this tumor has been considered to be of histiocytic origin on the basis of light and electron microscopic findings, there remains some debate about the histogenesis of the tumor. To clarify this point, by using the PAP method, each surgical specimen was stained for α1‐ antitrypsin, a1‐antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, ferritin, neuron specific enolase, and S‐100 protein. Tumor cells in fifteen out of 28 cases were positively stained for α1‐antitrypsin, 19 for α1‐antichymotrypsin, 23 for lysozyme, 22 for ferritin, 22 for neuron specific enolase, but no case for S‐100 protein. These results suggest that this tumor is composed of cells with histiocytic character. In addition, from the immunohistochemical point of view, at least two types of giant cells seem to exist in this disease. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36:1487‐1494, 1986.
IgM MYELOMA‐ITS DISTINCTION FROM WALDENSTRöUM'S MACROGLOBULINEMIA‐
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Yamamura Fumie , Motoyama Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (MM) with marked elevation of serum IgM as an M‐component, diagnosed as IgM myeloma, was described, Clinically, multiple bone lesions were found but neither lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly nor tumor mass formation in the gastrointestinal tract. Pathologically, the tumor cells proliferating in the bone lesions were mainly comprised of myeloma cells closely resembling mature plasma cells, though they contained immature cells as a minor cell population. At autopsy, slight infiltration of myeloma cells was confirmed in the lymph nodes, spleen and both kidneys, which is considered to be a terminal phenomenon that occurred in the clinical course of the case. From these findings, it appears reasonable that, though a monoclonal increase of serum IgM was found, this case differs from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) both clinically and pathologically and is rather situated within the category of MM. The occurrence of such a case is extremely rare, only 28 cases being reported in the literature, including 13 autopsy cases. The existence of IgM myeloma in the category of MM should be emphasized as a disorder distinct from WM. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1553‐1563, 1986.
GIANT CELL FIBROMA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA: Report of a Case with ultrastructural Study
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kaneko Ryoji , Suzuki Atsumi , Niitsu Jiro
Published: August 2010

A case of giant cell fibroma of the oral mucosa found in a 3‐year‐old female is reported. The lesion was characterized histologically by the presence of numerous large stellate cells and multinucleated giant cells scattered in a loosely arranged collagen‐background. The large stellate cells had a large hyperchromatic nucleus, while the cytoplasm was well demarcated and frequently the cells had dendritic‐like processes. The multinucleated giant cells had similar morphology and occasionally resembled Langhans giant cells. Ultrastructural examination suggested that the multinucleated giant cells in the lesion were unusual fibroblasts. This is the first reported case of oral giant cell fibroma in a Japanese patient. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1571‐1576,1986.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF PROLACTIN IN ESTROGEN‐INDUCED PROLACTINOMA OF THE RAT PITUITARY: Experimental Models for the Human Prolactinomas and the Effects of Bromocriptine
Authors: Osamuba R. Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: August 2010

In order to establish the experimental model for human prolactinomas and its bromocriptine treatment, estrogen‐induced prolactinoma was produced in the female Wistar rats, in which daily bromocriptine treatment was given for a week, 3 days or 1 day (24 hours). The prolactinoma was produced by giving 5 mg estrogen depot every four weeks. The rats were killed at 4, 12, 20, and 24 weeks after the initial injection of the estrogen. By immunoelectron microscopy, in the estrogen induced prolactinoma, PRL was localized in well developed lamellar or whorling rough endoplasmic retlculum (RER) and Golgi saccules. In the rats treated with bromocriptine for a week, the serum PRL levels were lowered and the atrophied cytoplasm was filled with secretory granules containing PRL. These data were comparable to those of the human prolactinomas and the present experiment will serve as an animal model for studying the morphofunctlonal changes of human prolactinomas induced by bromocriptine treatment. The experiment with bromocriptine treatment for 24 hours supported the proposed mechanism that bromocriptine evokes inhibition of exocytosis followed by continuous granule formation in Golgl complexes and subsequently lowers synthesis of PRL.
ALPHA‐1‐ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS
Authors: Kage Masayoshi , Kage Misako , Liew Choong T. , Xu Yuhui , Peters Robert L.
Published: August 2010

A clinicopathological examination was carried out on eight adult patients with alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (ATT) deficiency. Phenotyping comfirmed five patients with PiMZ, two patients with PiZ‐, and one patient with PiZZ. Cirrhosis was found in six of the patients, four of whom had a history of excessive ethanol comsumption. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in two patients with cirrhosis. Dysplastic change was present in four patients, although no neoplasia in the liver was found in all patients. All patients had periodic acid‐Schiff positive and diastase resistant inclusions of hepatocytes, which were identified as ATT by indirect immunoperoxidase stain. The possibility of. the combined effects of ATT inclusions and such harmful stimuli such as alcohol or viral hepatitis infection may render the hepatocytes more susceptible to damage, and may contribute to development of cirrhosis.
PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF SMALL HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Kondo Yoichiro , Kondo Fukuo , Wada Katsunori , Okabayashi Atsushi
Published: August 2010

Twenty‐one nodules of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HOC) were examined. Hlstologically, the nodules often presented formation of plump trabeculae, marked nuclear atypism, or aggressive growth comprising capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and replacement of adjacent pseudolobules. Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC:(1) variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, (2) acinar formation, (3) selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, (4) nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nuclear membrane, irregularities in shape, and enlargement of nucleus or nucleolus, (5) hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and (6) hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment. During the invasive growth, the tumor cells may well be subtly blended with benign hepatocytes, giving rise to a pattern of “mixed cellularity”. It is also emphasized that connective tissue septa of pseudolobules could be a route of rapid tumor spreading.
A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE REGENERATIVE EPITHELIUM IN THE INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT: Experimental Study of Local Direct Instillation of Paraquat Into the Intrahepatic Bile Ducts of Rats
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Matsumori Hideaki , Hosokawa Yoshinori , Abe Hiroshi , Uekusa Toshimasa , Kuwabara Noriyuki , Fukuda Yoshiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

To date, no reliable report on the regeneration of the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium following damage to the duct has been published. In this study, a direct instillation of paraquat dichloride into the intrahepatic bile ducts of rats was carried out, and the livers were examined under light and electron microscopy. One hour after treatment, the biliary epithelia showed degeneration and necrosis, and these changes remained for a considerable period in a large majority of the ducts examined. Three weeks after instillation, low columnar epithelium consisting of hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm was present in a medium‐sized bile duct, which was collared by marked periductal fibrosis. Electron microscopically, the eosinophilic epithelium showed a marked increase in the number of rough endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes, mitochondria, and filamentous structures, suggesting an active viability of the cell. Subsequently, the eosinophilic cells were replaced by normal‐appearing epithelium, not associated with the periductal fibrosis. The data suggest that an epithelial regeneration occurred in the intrahepatic duct following injury and that this activity may be similar to that of the extrahepatic bile duct epithelium.
EXPERIMENTAL MESANGIOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI‐THYMOCYTE SERUM
Authors: Ishizaki Masamichi , Masuda Yukinari , Fukuda Yuh , Sugisaki Yuhichi , Yamanaka Nobuaki , Masugi Yozo
Published: August 2010

Focal glomerulonephritis was induced in rats, by a single intravenous injection of anti‐Thy‐1.1 antibody (ATS). One hour after the administration, the glomeruli of affected rats developed necrotic changes of the mesangial cells while after two hours, mesangiolytic changes appeared. From six days onwards, focal segmental mesangial proliferation which persisted until 30 days, occurred. This is thought to be the first report of experimental nephritis induced by pure anti‐mesangial antibody.
DISSEMINATED TRICHOSPORON BEIGELII INFECTION IN A PATIENT WITH MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors: Manabe Toshiaki , Moriya Takuya , Shirabe Teruo , Takemoto Yoshinobu
Published: August 2010

A case of disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection is reported. Trichosporon inhabits the soil, but may also be present in the human skin and mouth as a normal flora. Occasionally it causes superficial mycotic infection, but it is rarely invasive. A review of literature disclosed 21 reported cases of invasive Trichosporon beigelii infection, to date. Of these, two cases were from Japan. The scarcity of reports on this invasive infection may be due to a lack of awareness of the organism. Histologically, it should be carefully differentiated from Candida.
CYTOLOGICAL and ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DNA SYNTHESIZING MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN PLEURAL EFFUSION
Authors: Isoda Kotaro , Hamamoto Yuji
Published: August 2010

Cytologic examination of 3H‐thymidine‐labeled mesothelial cells in the pleural fluid revealed that single and small‐sized cells with slight basophilic cytoplasm scarcely stainable by PAS and colloidal iron are in the DNA‐synthetic phase and that these are exfoliating cells from the pleural surface. While abnormal labeling in a few arranged and binuclear cells suggesting accelerated or disturbed mesothelial mobilization was frequently found in congestive cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis, and uremia, it never occurred in single and large‐sized activated cells possessing rich PAS‐positive granules, cells in large clusters or sheet‐like arrangements, or multinuclear giant cells. Transmission electron microscopical observation of these labeled cells proved that a smooth cellular surface and scant intracytoplasmic organelles, by which undifferentiated cells are generally characterized, are essential for DNA‐synthesizing mesothelial cells. Probably as a result of some pleural irritation, surface lining cells immediately enter the cell cycle and at once revert to an undifferentiated form capable of DNA synthesis, after which they may be released as a single form, and differentiate and transform into mature, activated cells with a bleb‐like surface structure or microvilli, and finally may proliferate in the fluid. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1279–1296, 1986.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HBV‐NEGATIVE ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOTICS
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Hayashi Morimoto , Watanabe Kishichiro , Takayanagi Nobutatsu , Ohta Goroku
Published: August 2010

Ninety five cases of HBV marker‐negative cirrhosis with excess alcohol intake were examined clinicopathologically to obtain some clues and insights into the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The following data were obtained: (1) cases were divided morphologically into 37 cases of macronodular cirrhosis (MacCir), 16 mixed cirrhosis (MixCir), and 42 mi‐cronodular cirrhosis (MicCir), (2) the mean age at death was the oldest in MacCir (61 yrs), the youngest in MicCir (51 yrs), and intermediate in MixCir (59 yrs), (3) association of HCC was common both in MacCir and MixCir (78 and 63%, respectively) but infrequent in MicCir (17%), (4) all livers of MicCir with HCC had broad collapse and a small number of macronodules in noncancerous areas and the mean age of them was older than that of MicCir without both the collapse and macronodules (56 vs 48 yrs), (5) in total cases, the mean age at death of patients with HCC was 7 years older than that without HCC (60 vs 53 yrs), (6) the mean liver weight was the largest in MicCir (1,211 g), the smallest in MacCir (829 g), and intermediate in MixCir (1,022 g), (7) the incidence of MacCir was significantly higher in patients who had given up alcohol for more than one year before death than those without abstinence, and (8) neither the subtypes of cirrhosis nor the incidence of HCC was significantly related to the total amount of alcohol intake. These data indicate that the development of HCC in HBV‐negative alcoholics with cirrhosis occurs in relation to the development of macronodules and loss of liver weight, most likely along with the prolongation of the life span. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1297–1305, 1986.
STUDIES ON THE VASCULAR PERMEABILITY FACTOR OF BOVINE and HUMAN PLATELETS
Authors: Imura Joji
Published: August 2010

The vascular permeability factors (VPFs) of bovine and human platelets were studied on the vascular permeability activity in the skin of unanesthetized rabbits. By continuous Urografin or sucrose density gradient method, subcellular organelles were separated from both bovine and human platelets as four fractions. Acid extract prepared from each fraction was used as a provocative for the production of inflammation. After intradermal injection, the alpha‐granule extract alone provoked an obvious vascular permeability activity. In skin sites responding to the injection, high concentration of the bovine VPF induced a monophasic response with time, though both human and low concentration of bovine VPFs brought about nearly the same biphasic response. On quantitative analysis of the vascular permeability activity, chromatoscanner method was applied for the first time to the estimation of exuded dye. It was confirmed that the method attains to satisfactory results corresponding to those by the common dye‐extraction method. We assume that the bovine and human platelets may play a role in inflammation by releasing the VPF during the aggregation and adhesion of the cells to each other as well as to the endothelium in association with migration. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1347 ‐1357, 1986
“BLACK THYROID” ASSOCIATED WITH MINOCYCLINE THERAPY A Report of an Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ohaki Yoshiharu , Misugi Kazuaki , Hasegawa Hideyuki
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of a 69‐year‐old woman showing black discoloration of the thyroid gland designated as “Black thyroid” was reported. The patient received long‐term, high dose antibiotics minocycline therapy (total dose: 70 g) for bronchial asthma associated with respiratory infection and died of uterine cancer. The thyroid gland was coal black in color and histological examination revealed numerous dark brown pigments scattered in the follicular epithelium and colloid matrix. Special stains and electron microscopic examination suggested these deposited pigments to be consistent with lipofuscin. Histological examination of the thyroid glands in consecutive 500 autopsy cases revealed intimate relationship between deposition of lipofuscin pigments in the follicular epithelium and age of the patients. But, massive deposition of lipofuscin in the thyroid alone did not make the thyroid black and addition of minocycline appeared to be necessary for the black discoloration. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1367–1375, 1986.
ILEAL ATRESIA and ABSENCE OF APPENDIX
Authors: Yokose Yoshihiko , Maruyama Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Uchida Kazuhiko , Shiraiwa Kazumi , Konishi Yoichi
Published: August 2010

A case of ileal atresia with absence of vermiform appendix in a female newborn is reported. At the region about 105 cm from the Treitz's arch, intestinal atresia was observed with an associated V‐shaped deformity of the mesentery. Polyp‐like protuberance was observed in the area a few centimeters from the blind end of the distal intestine. Histologically, keratinizing squamous cells, bile pigments, lanugo hair, and alcian‐blue stained materials and cells were observed in the serosal layer of the tip of the proximal blind segment and mesenterium connecting to this portion. Thrombi were not observed in the mesenterium connecting to the proximal blind segment, gap segment, and distal blind segment. Squamous cells and lanugo hair were found in the green meconium taken from the large intestine. Polyp‐like protuberance was surfaced by normal intestinal mucosa, and in its inside there were two layers consisting of folded muscular tissue. In this report, we describe the detailed pathology of ileal atresia and discuss its possible cause. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1403–1410, 1986.
PRODUCTION OF PYROGEN BY POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES DURING THE COURSE OF CASEIN‐INDUCED PERITONITIS IN RABBITS
Authors: Kitamura Masao , Goto Fumimasa , Ohkawara Susumu , Yoshinaga Masaru
Published: August 2010

Rabbits with casein‐induced peritonitis were febrile only during the early stage (1.5 to 12 hours) of inflammation. At that stage, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) had preformed endogenous pyrogen (EP), while blood leukocytes and leukocytes obtained at the later stage of the inflammatory process did not. Early PEC consisted of 99% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). As early PEC and highly purified PMN (almost 100% pure) released almost identical amounts of EP, we concluded that PMN were the EP‐producing cells in the early PEC. EP from PMN of rabbits was composed of three factors with similar molecular weight (8,000 to 18,000) but different pI values (pI 7.2, 5.4, and 4.5). EP in the three fractions could not be separated from thymocyte comitogenic factor (TMF) in terms of m.w. and pI values. About 60% of EP activity and 92% of TMF activity in the culture supernatant were present in the pi 7.2 fraction. The pi 7.2 factor was weaker in EP activity and stronger in TMF activity than the other acidic fractions (pI 5.4 and 4.5). After high purification, 42 ng of the pI 7.2 factor had one unit of EP activity: one unit of TMF activity was present in 126 pg of highly purified pi 7.2 factor.
PULMONARY CYTOPLASMIC HYALIN RESEMBLING MALLORY'S ALCOHOLIC HYALIN IN THE LIVER
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Kono Naoko , Ohta Goroku
Published: August 2010

Sixty‐three consecutive autopsy cases of interstitial fibrosis of the lung, 6 cases of organizing pneumonia, 14 of pneumocystis pneumonia, and 20 of acute bacterial pneumonia complicating as a terminal illness listed in our Department of Pathology during a period from 1978 to 1983 were surveyed for Mallory body‐like cytoplasmic hyalins in the alveolar cells. We found the hyalins in 10 of 63 cases (15.9%) with interstitial fibrosis of the lung and one of 6 cases with organizing pneumonia. Seven of the former 10 had an associated malignancy; 3 esophageal cancers, 2 lung cancers, and 2 leukemias. Five of the seven patients received an irradiation for treatment of their malignancies, subsequently developed interstitial fibrosis of the lung. Among the remaining 3 of the 10, one showed diffuse interstitial fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and two had an idiopathic type of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. There was only one case in which the pulmonary hyalins were found in the absence of extensive interstitial fibrosis within small organizing foci of peribronchial and subpleural location. Pulmonary hyalins showed the same conventional staining properties and ultrastructural features as Mallory's alcoholic hyalins found in the liver, but did not reveal a simultaneous association with the hepatic hyalins. Pulmonary hyalins frequently stained positively with monoclonal anti‐cytokeratin antibodies, more strongly at their periphery. Pulmonary hyalins were considered to be a non‐specific reaction of alveolar cells to injuries, mostly in association with the pulmonary fibrosis of any etiology but not the hepatic hyalins.
ALVEOLAR SOFT PART SARCOMA, GRANULAR CELL TUMOR, AND PARAGANGLIOMA: An Immunohistochemical Comparative Study
Authors: Ogawa Katsuhiko , Nakashima Yasuaki , Yamabe Hirohiko , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: August 2010

Five cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma, 5 cases of granular cell tumor, and 6 cases of paraganglioma were Investigated immunohistochemically to examine the expression of tissue‐specific intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and glial flbrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), actin, myoglobin, and nervous tissue markers (S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase, and Leu‐7). In alveolar soft part sarcomas, some of the tumor cells were positive for desmin, but negative for nervous tissue markers. The tumor cells of granular cell tumors were stained with anti‐S‐100 protein antibody, but not with antineuron‐specific enolase antibody. In contrast, the tumor cells of paragang‐liomas were positive for neuron‐specific enolase, but not for S‐100 protein except for stellate cells surrounding the tumor cell nests. This immunohisto‐chemical approach was valuable for the differential diagnosis of these three tumors. Furthermore, the complete absence of cytokeratin in all of the tumor cells may be helpful in distinguishing these three tumors from metastatic carcinoma in soft tissue. The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma is a matter of controversy. The result that besides desmin actin was also demonstrated in some of the tumor cells may support the myogenic origin of this tumor. ACTA
CERVICAL TERATOMA IN A FETUS AND AN ADULT Two Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Mochizuki Yuichi , Noguchi Shiro , Yokoyama Shigeo , Murakami Nobuo , Moriuchi Akira , Aisaka Kouzou , Yamashita Hiroto , Nakayama Iwao
Published: August 2010

Two cases of cervical teratoma in a 30‐weeks fetus and a 26‐year‐old female have been presented. In the former case a large mass entirely occupied the anterior neck but showed no invasive or metastatic lesions, and in the other case a mass containing multiple cysts was situated in the right lower pole of the thyroid gland. Histologically, both tumors were composed of the elements derived from three germ layers including various epithelial components, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. In addition to these predominantly mature elements, there were some elements showing primitive immature structure in the former case. Positive immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin displayed only in the former case and was observed in the compressed thyroid follicles located in the fibrous capsule and several small foci of primitive glandular structure which was an element of the tumor.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE CELL COAT OF MACROPHAGES AND THE LOCALIZATION OF FIBRONECTIN IN GRANULOMA FORMATION
Authors: Nakamura Toshitsugu , Hotchi Masao
Published: August 2010

Experimental granulomatous lesions induced by subcutaneous injection of glucan or carrageenan into the footpad of rats were analysed using ruthenium red staining and immunoperoxidase staining for fibronectin at the ultra‐structural level in order to clarify the characteristics of the cell coat of aggregated macrophages. In both types of lesion, the macrophages were aggregated loosely or closely with interdigitated pseudopods, while those with large vacuoles containing carrageenan fibrils were markedly swollen and did not show any mutual attachment or interdigitation of pseudopods. The surface coat of the aggregated cells in both groups lacked the outer filamentous layer usually present in those in the free state and was thickened focally just above the site where subplasmalemmal microfilaments were condensed. Fibronectin was demonstrated among the inflammatory cells and the irritants at the early stage and at the site of the focally thickened cell coat at the late stage. However, these findings were not observed in the macrophages with large vacuoles containing carrageenan. These results support the contention that fibronectin participates in the phagocytoiss of irritants by macrophages and that, in granulomatous lesions, fibronectin appears focally just above the site of condensed subplasmalemmal microfilaments, this transmembrane association (fibronexus) playing some role in the attachment of macrophages.
ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OF HUMAN‐TYPE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ON COLLAGENATION IN HUMAN CANCER XENOGRAFTS
Authors: Kimoto Tetsuo , Watanabe* Satoru
Published: August 2010

The most important activity of SSM is stimulation of collagenation from cancer‐infiltrated stromal tissue which confines the cancer. In order to elucidate the proliferative responses of collagen in cancer, single and double xeno‐grafts were prepared by transplantation of human gastric cancer (HGC), human lung cancer (HLC), and NB41A3 (mouse neuroblastoma) into nude mice. The collagen responses were dependent on the type of cancer cell used, particularly the cell membranes. SSM distinctly stimulated the proliferation of collagen fibers which showed a response to these cancer cells.

When examined by CD, stromal collagenation was found to be dependent upon changes in the molecular structure of the cancer cell membrane. One of the glycoproteins, fibronectin, was presumed to be the most important of the substances involved.
STUDIES ON GLOMERULAR IMMUNE SOLUBILIZATION BY COMPLEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH IgA NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Sakai Hideto , Woodroffe* Andrew J. , Clarkson* Anthony R.
Published: August 2010

A study of the solubilization of glomerular immune deposits by serum or complement in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 patients with IgA nephropathy. These specimens were incubated with fresh and heated sera from healthy adults or with lyophilized complement components, i.e., C3 and C4, at 37°C for one hour in plastic tubes. The sections were then stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled anti‐human IgA antisera and examined by fluorescence microscopy. Normal sera showed a marked capacity to solubilize the glomerular immune deposits characteristic of IgA nephropathy. The solubilization capacity was reduced after inactivation and absorption of sera with anti‐human C3 antiserum. Lyophilized C3 or C4 did not show any ability to solubilize such deposits. It was concluded that the solubilization of glomerular immune deposits may require whole active (fresh) components of complement related to the alternative pathway. ACTA PATHOL. JPN.
AUTOPSY FINDINGS IN A JAPANESE PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Nakamine Hirokazu , Shimizu Eiji , Nishino Eisei , Takenaka Toru , Maeda Jiro , Hanaoka Masao
Published: August 2010

A 37‐year‐old Japanese man was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the basis of a homosexual history, generalized lymphadenopathy, marked decrease of helper/inducer T cells in the peripheral blood, and positive serum antibody (antibodies) against human immunodeficiency virus (human T‐lymphotropic virus type III/lymph‐adenopathy‐associated virus). Autopsy showed severe depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs including the systemic lymph nodes, spleen, and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and adrenal cytomegalovirus infection (‘necrotizing adrenalitis’) were identified, but there was no neoplasm. Postmortem findings in AIDS were reviewed in the literature. ACT A PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1797–1809, 1987.
MESENTERIC FIBROMATOSIS IN FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS A Case Report and a Review of Japanese Cases
Authors: Suehiro Shinichi , Inai Kouki
Published: August 2010

A 30‐year‐old female with mesenteric fibromatosis (MF) associated with familial colonic polyposis (FCP) was reported together with a review of Japanese cases of simple MF. Intestinal surgery can contribute to the pathogenesis of MF more intensely in cases associated with FCP than in simple MF cases. Furthermore, the biological behaviour of MF seems to be more aggressive in the former than in the latter. ACT A PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1837–1843, 1987.
A CASE OF LEIOMYOMA OF THE LAMINA MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE OF THE ESOPHAGUS WITH A COMPLICATION OF CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE OVERLYING MUCOSA
Authors: Watanabe Masahide , Baba Takeshi , Hotchi Masao
Published: August 2010

An extremely rare case of leiomyoma originating in the lamina muscularis mucosae of the esophagus with a complication of carcinoma in situ in its overlying mucosa was reported. The patient was a 53‐year‐old male who complained of a feeling of abdominal fullness. A small, elevated tumor was found in the middle portion of the esophagus by esophagoscopy. Biopsy specimens showed it to be squamous cell carcinoma. The resected material revealed the tumor mass to be composed of both a leiomyoma, measuring 0.8 × 0.6 × 0.25 cm, which continued from the lamina muscularis mucosae, and carcinoma in situ and dysplasia in the overlying mucosa of the leiomyoma. The mucosa apart from that covering the leiomyoma was intact. It was speculated that chronic stimulation of the epithelium covering the leiomyoma might have induced the dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1845–1851, 1987.
BENIGN RENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA WITH REGIONAL LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT: Report of a Case Showing Enlargement Five Years After Nephrectomy
Authors: Manabe Toshiaki , Moriya Takuya , Kimoto Masatoshi
Published: August 2010

A case of renal angiomyolipoma followed by massive enlargement of the angiomyolipoma in regional lymph nodes five years after nephrectomy is reported. On the basis of its histology and the absence of distant metastasis, we considered this to be a benign, hamartomatous, and multicentric lesion. Considering the rather rapid growth, however, this case raises some questions with regard to the treatment of this condition, i.e., whether removal of a renal angiomyolipoma should be accompanied by lymphadenectomy, and whether the lymph nodes should be carefully scrutinized by CT scanning or echography preoperatively. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1853–1858,1987.
FLOW LOADED CANINE CAROTID ARTERY II. Ultrastructural Changes in the Subendothelial Layer
Authors: Masuda Hirotake , Saito Naotoshi , Kawamura Koichi , Shozawa Takeshi , Kanazawa Akihiko , Sageshima Masato
Published: August 2010

To study the subendothelial layer of the flow loaded arteries, blood flow changes were produced by constructing an arterio‐venous shunt between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein using eleven adult beagle dogs. One week after operation, the subendothelial layer of the flow loaded canine carotid arteries was observed with a transmission electron microscope. In the arteries loaded by highly elevated blood flow, the subendothelial layer showed thick subendothelial space (300 to 500 nm) with multilayered basement membrane. The microfilaments and microfibrils increased significantly. There were no collagen fibers. Spindle to cylindrical elastic fibers appeared in the lumlnal margin of the internal elastic lamina. On the other hand, in the control arteries, the subendothelial layer was thin (about 50 nm) with scanty basememt‐membrane‐like material. There were a few microfilaments and microfibrils, but no collagen fibers. The luminal margin of the internal elastic lamina was smooth. It is suggested that these are the wall shear stress dependent subendothelial changes, which would be partly due to the increased protein synthesis by the endothelial cells stimulated by the wall shear stress and be partly due to the wall shear dependent mechanical stress transmitted from the endothelial surface.
LIPID STORAGE DISEASE: PART III
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Naito Makoto , Suzuki Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2010

For the purpose of evaluating electron microscopy of tissue culture in making the diagnosis of Sphingolipidoses, an ultrastructural study was made on the cultured fibroblasts from 23 patients with the disorders. The characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in the cultured cells of Fabry disease, Tay‐Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, generalized gangliosidosis, Niemann‐Pick disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and multiple sulfatase deficiency, and differ in fine structure with these diseases. All these cytoplasmic inclusions were surrounded by a single limiting membrane and enzyme cytochemically showed acid phosphatase activity, indicating their lysosomal origin. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusions showed pleomorphic osmiophilic inclusions in Fabry disease, membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) in Tay‐Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease, MCB and vacuolar inclusions containing finely reticulogranular materials in generalized gangliosidosis, myelin‐like inclusions in Niemann‐Pick disease, concentric lamellar inclusions in metachromatic leukodystrophy, and polymorphic cytoplasmic Inclusions in multiple sulfatase deficiency. In the heterozygous carriers of Fabry disease, pleomorphic osmiophilic inclusions were also detected. However, any specific inclusions were not detectable in the cultured fibroblasts of Gaucher disease and Krabbe disease. Availability of electron microscopy in the cultured fibroblasts of Sphingolipidoses is discussed.
A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Ikegami Masahiro
Published: August 2010

The development and progression of colorectal cancer were studied by examining the mode of proliferation of cancer and adenoma in 806 cases (857 lesions) of colorectal cancers and 12 cases of familial polyposis coll. Colorectal cancer was classified into two groups: those accompanied by intramucosal growth or with polypoid growth and those without polypoid growth. Early cancer in the group without polypoid growth was considered to originate from de novo carcinoma of about 5 mm, showing vascular invasion when reaching the size of about 10 mm and then exhibiting massive submucosal invasion. Their cut‐surface closely simulated cancer of ulcerative type without polypoid growth which occupied the greater portion of advanced cancer of the large bowel. In other words, ulcerative type cancer without polypoid growth is considered to arise from de novo carcinoma and this type occupies 70–90% of all colorectal cancers. Since the lesions originating from de novo carcinoma develops from an extremely small intramucosal carcinoma and then leads to a massive submucosal growth, immediate partial resection is recommended.