bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of protein localisation to restricted zones within Drosophila mechanosensory cilia
Authors: Xiang Wangchu , zur Lage Petra , Newton Fay G. , Qiu Guiyun , Jarman Andrew P.
Published: August 2022

The Drosophila chordotonal neuron cilium is the site of mechanosensory transduction. The cilium has a 9 + 0 axoneme structure and is highly sub-compartmentalised, with proximal and distal zones harbouring different TRP channels and the proximal zone axoneme also being decorated with axonemal dynein motor complexes. The activity of the dynein complexes is essential for mechanotransduction. We investigate the localisation of TRP channels and dynein motor complexes during ciliogenesis. Differences in timing of TRP channel localisation correlate with order of construction of the two ciliary zones. Dynein motor complexes are initially not confined to their target proximal zone, but ectopic complexes beyond the proximal zone are later cleared, perhaps by retrograde transport. Differences in transient distal localisation of outer and inner dynein arm complexes (ODAs and IDAs) are consistent with previous suggestions from unicellular eukaryotes of differences in processivity during intraflagellar transport. Stable localisation depends on the targeting of their docking proteins in the proximal zone. For ODA, we characterise an ODA docking complex (ODA-DC) that is targeted directly to the proximal zone. Interestingly, the subunit composition of the ODA-DC in chordotonal neuron cilia appears to be different from the predicted ODA-DC in Drosophila sperm.
Automatic vocalisation-based detection of fragile X syndrome and Rett syndrome
Authors: Pokorny Florian B. , Schmitt Maximilian , Egger Mathias , Bartl-Pokorny Katrin D. , Zhang Dajie , Schuller Björn W. , Marschik Peter B.
Published: August 2022

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Rett syndrome (RTT) are developmental disorders currently not diagnosed before toddlerhood. Even though speech-language deficits are among the key symptoms of both conditions, little is known about infant vocalisation acoustics for an automatic earlier identification of affected individuals. To bridge this gap, we applied intelligent audio analysis methodology to a compact dataset of 4454 home-recorded vocalisations of 3 individuals with FXS and 3 individuals with RTT aged 6 to 11 months, as well as 6 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls (TD). On the basis of a standardised set of 88 acoustic features, we trained linear kernel support vector machines to evaluate the feasibility of automatic classification of (a) FXS vs TD, (b) RTT vs TD, (c) atypical development (FXS+RTT) vs TD, and (d) FXS vs RTT vs TD. In paradigms (a)–(c), all infants were correctly classified; in paradigm (d), 9 of 12 were so. Spectral/cepstral and energy-related features were most relevant for classification across all paradigms. Despite the small sample size, this study reveals new insights into early vocalisation characteristics in FXS and RTT, and provides technical underpinnings for a future earlier identification of affected individuals, enabling earlier intervention and family counselling.
Positron Emission Tomography reveals age-associated hypothalamic microglial activation in women
Authors: Butler Tracy , Glodzik Lidia , Wang Xiuyuan Hugh , Xi Ke , Li Yi , Pan Hong , Zhou Liangdong , Chiang Gloria Chia-Yi , Morim Simon , Wickramasuriya Nimmi , Tanzi Emily , Maloney Thomas , Harvey Patrick , Mao Xiangling , Razlighi Qolamreza Ray , Rusinek Henry , Shungu Dikoma C. , de Leon Mony , Atwood Craig S. , Mozley P. David
Published: August 2022

In rodents, hypothalamic inflammation plays a critical role in aging and age-related diseases. Hypothalamic inflammation has not previously been assessed in vivo in humans. We used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with a radiotracer sensitive to the translocator protein (TSPO) expressed by activated microglia, to assess correlations between age and regional brain TSPO in a group of healthy subjects (n = 43, 19 female, aged 23–78), focusing on hypothalamus. We found robust age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus but not hypothalamus in the combined group of women and men. This pattern differs from what has been described in rodents. Prominent age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus in humans, but in hypothalamus in rodents, could reflect evolutionary changes in size and function of thalamus versus hypothalamus, and may be relevant to the appropriateness of using rodents to model human aging. When examining TSPO PET results in women and men separately, we found that only women showed age-correlated hypothalamic TSPO expression. We suggest this novel result is relevant to understanding a stark sex difference in human aging: that only women undergo loss of fertility—menopause—at mid-life. Our finding of age-correlated hypothalamic inflammation in women could have implications for understanding and perhaps altering reproductive aging in women.
Definition of a sectioning plane and place for a section containing hoped-for regions using a spare counterpart specimen
Authors: Li Zhongmin , Muench Goetz , Wenhart Clara , Goebel Silvia , Reimann Andreas
Published: August 2022

Histological examination of targets in regions of interest in histological sections is one of the most frequently used tools in biomedical research. However, it is a technical challenge to secure a multitarget section for inspection of the structure’s mutual relationship of targets or a longitudinally filamentous- or tubular-formed tissue section for visitation of the overall morphological features. We present a method with a specified cutting plane and place, allowing researchers to cut directly at the multitarget centers accurately and quickly. The method is proven to be reliable with high accuracy and reproducibility and a low coefficient of variation, testing on repeat experiments of three target’s position-known models. With this method, we successfully yielded single sections containing whole intraorbital optical nerves, three aortic valves, or whole thoracic tracheas in their central positions. The adjoined custom-made tools used in the study, such as various tissue-specific formulated calibrated trimming and embedding guides, an organ-shaped cavity plaster mold, and a two-time embedding technique for optimal and identical trimming or embedding, also bear great potential to become a common supplemental tool for traditional histology and may contribute to the reduction of the labor, and the number of animals needed.
Ability of IMPROVE and IMPROVE-DD scores to predict outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study
Authors: Helmy Mina Adolf , Milad Lydia Magdy , Hasanin Ahmed , Elbasha Yasmin S. , ElSabbagh Hala A. , Elmarzouky Mohamed S. , Mostafa Maha , Abdelhakeem Amr K. , Morsy Mohamed Abd El-Monem
Published: August 2022

In this study we aimed to evaluate the ability of IMPROVE and IMPROVE-DD scores in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. This prospective observational study included adult patients with severe COVID-19 within 12 h from admission. We recorded patients' demographic and laboratory data, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), SpO2 at room air, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), IMPROVE score and IMPROVE-DD score. In-hospital mortality and incidence of clinical worsening (the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy) were recorded. Our outcomes included the ability of the IMPROVE and IMPROVE-DD to predict in-hospital mortality and clinical worsening using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to detect independent risk factors for the study outcomes. Eighty-nine patients were available for the final analysis. The IMPROVE and IMPROVE-DD score showed the highest ability for predicting in-hospital mortality (AUC [95% confidence intervals {CI}] 0.96 [0.90–0.99] and 0.96 [0.90–0.99], respectively) in comparison to other risk stratification tools (APACHE II, CCI, SpO2). The AUC (95% CI) for IMPROVE and IMPROVE-DD to predict clinical worsening were 0.80 (0.70–0.88) and 0.79 (0.69–0.87), respectively. Using multivariate analysis, IMPROVE-DD and SpO2 were the only predictors for in-hospital mortality and clinical worsening. In patients with severe COVID-19, high IMPROVE and IMOROVE-DD scores showed excellent ability to predict in-hospital mortality and clinical worsening. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality and clinical worsening were IMPROVE-DD and SpO2.
Mid-term results in revision hip arthroplasty with impaction bone grafted cup reconstruction for acetabular defects
Authors: Rohe Sebastian , Dörr Nicoletta , Böhle Sabrina , Matziolis Georg , Brodt Steffen , Röhner Eric
Published: August 2022

Acetabular defects are a challenging condition for surgeons in revision THA. A crucial aim is an anatomical restoration of the centre of rotation (COR) through grafts. The aim of this study was to determine the cup survival after biological restoration of acetabular defects in THA and the effect of Paprosky classification, age, BMI, and number of previous operations on cup survival. Retrospectively patients with a cup exchange and an impaction of cortico-cancellous or bulk grafts between 2009 and 2012 were included with a follow up with a minimum of 5 year. Implant failure was defined as radiographic loosening or explantation of the cup. The acetabular defect situation was classified to Paprosky. 82 patients (58 female 70.7%) were included. 26 patients were not available to contact. 56 patients (40 female 71.4%) remained for survival analysis with mean age of 75.6 ± 8 years. Survival of the cup after 5 years was 90% and after 7.8 years 88%. There was no difference in survival concerning defect classification, type of implant or graft, age, BMI, and number of previous operations. Patients on the follow up reached an HHS of 67.4 ± 19, a WOMAC Score of 33.4 ± 25.4 points and an unsatisfactory result in the SF-36. Impaction bone grafting of acetabular defects is a good option with satisfactory biomechanical results and survival for small defects. Predictive factors for cup survival could not be clarified in our study. So, the correct indication, knowing the limits of the methods and the correct choice of implant allow a defect-oriented approach and are decisive for the success of the operation.
Improving RED algorithm congestion control by using the Markov decision process
Authors: Mahawish Amar A. , Hassan Hassan J.
Published: August 2022

Congestion control plays an essential role on the internet to manage overload, which affects data transmission performance. The random early detection (RED) algorithm belongs to active queue management (AQM), which is used to manage internet traffic. The RED is used to eliminate weakness in default control of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) drop-tail mechanism. The drawback of RED is parameter tuning, while adaptive RED (ARED) automatically adjusts these parameters. In this study, the suggested algorithm, the Markov decision process RED (MDPRED) uses the Markov decision process (MDP) to suitably adapt values for queue weight in the RED algorithm based on average queue length to enhance the performance of the traditional RED during TCP Slow Startup phase. This study is conducted based on fluctuations among the rate of service, queuing weight, and the mean queue length by using open-source network simulator NS3. The study shows efficient results by fluctuating end-to-end packet throughput and fast response to the inception of congestion in the network. The modified algorithm achieves a low level of drop packets by evaluating the results with other five algorithms, which is done by increasing the algorithm’s response when the average queue size becomes close to the maximum queue length threshold.
Evaluation of multiple satellite precipitation products and their potential utilities in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin
Authors: Ji Haoyu , Peng Dingzhi , Gu Yu , Liang Yaqi , Luo Xiaoyu
Published: August 2022

Hydrological modeling in the Third Pole remains challenging due to the complex topography and scarcity of in-situ precipitation observations. In this study, we assessed five satellite precipitation products (SPPs) including TRMM3B42, PERSIANN-CDR, GPM-IMERG, CMORPH, and GSMaP, and simulated daily streamflow in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) with VIC model. The performance of SPPs was evaluated by CC, RB, RMSE, POD and FAR, to compare with daily observations. Overall, all SPPs showed decreasing trends of precipitation from east to west compared to 10 km rainfall data. PERSIANN had the highest values of POD (0.65), RB (91.6%) and FAR (0.59) but worst performed in streamflow. CMORPH, GPM and TRMM fit well with the observations annually but overestimate the precipitation in the southeast during wet seasons. Simulation from GPM and CMORPH yield satisfactory results (NSE of 0.86 and 0.82, RE of − 20% and − 13%, respectively), while TRMM outperformed GPM in modeling runoff with smaller relative error. Results indicated the potential of GPM and CMORPH in providing alternative rainfall information in YZRB. Accurate evaluation of multi-source SPPs and their hydrological utility in YZRB would benefit further hydrometeorological studies and water resources management in this area.
The prevalence of human papillomavirus among women in northern Guangdong Province of China
Authors: Huang Wenbo , Xu Hongyan , Hu Hongbo , Zhang Dingmei , Liu Yulan , Guo Yanle , Xiao Fengjin , Chen Weijuan , Ma Zhanzhong
Published: August 2022

Globally, cervical cancer, whose etiologic factor is Human papillomavirus (HPV), is the third most common cancer among women. In cervical cancer screening, HPV testing is important. However, the prevalence of HPV in northern Guangdong Province has not been conclusively determined. A total of 100,994 women attending Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College between 2012 and 2020 were recruited. HPV was tested by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based hybridization gene chip assay. The prevalence of HPV among these women was established to be19.04%. Peak prevalence was observed in women aged 40–49 (7.29%). Besides, the prevalence of single-type HPV infection (14.46%) was significantly high, compared to multiple-type infection (4.58%) (p < 0.01), while the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection (19.97%) was significantly higher than that of low-risk genotypes (5.48%) (p < 0.01). The most prevalent high-risk genotypes were HPV52 (4.16%), HPV16 (2.98%), HPV58 (2.15%), HPV53 (1.58%) and HPV68 (1.34%). HPV co-infection with up to 10 genotypes was reported for the first time. Our findings suggested a high burden of HPV infections among women in northern Guangdong. Establishing the prevalence and genotype distribution characteristics of HPV infections in the region can contribute to cervical cancer prevention through HPV vaccination.
Optimization of a wheat small red bean double cropping system in South Korea
Authors: Yang Jing , Kim Young-Bok , Hong Ki-Heung , Yoon Seong-Tak
Published: August 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and small red bean [Vigna angularis (Willd. Ohwi & Ohashi)] are the main ingredients of walnut-shaped “Hodugwaja”. An innovative wheat small red bean double cropping system was evaluated in a rice field in the Cheonan region (Korea) to determine its effect on land use. The effects of different nitrogen levels, sowing dates, and density on growth, yield, and quality of wheat and small red bean were also investigated using selected wheat (‘Keumgang’, ‘Sooan’, and ‘Goso’) and small red bean (‘Hongeon’, ‘Chungju’, and ‘Arari’) varieties. The effect of different fertilizer treatments [N1 (50%, 6.6 kg/10a), N2 (100%, 8.8 kg/10a), and N3 (200%, 13.2 kg/10a)] were investigated for wheat, while the effect of sowing date and density were investigated for the small red beans. Our findings revealed that the best variety, sowing date, and nitrogen level combination for wheat small red bean double cropping system in Cheonan area is ‘Goso’ sown on October 26, N3 nitrogen application, and ‘Chungju’ sown on July 10 with high ridge cultivation, at a density of 60 × 15 cm. This system was the most ideal yielding 521.6 kg/10a (1000 m2) and 275 kg/10a of ‘Goso’ and ‘Chungju’, respectively. This pioneering research provides a reliable cultivation plan and theoretical basis for implementing the double cropping system of wheat small red beans in central Korea. Undeniably, this study also provides a basis for future field experiments on wheat planting patterns and small red bean fertilization.
Responses of alpine summit vegetation under climate change in the transition zone between subtropical and tropical humid environment
Authors: Kuo Chu-Chia , Liu Yea-Chen , Su Yu , Liu Ho-Yih , Lin Cheng-Tao
Published: August 2022

Climate change has caused severe impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity globally, especially to vulnerable mountain ecosystems; the summits bear the brunt of such effects. Therefore, six summits in Taiwan were monitored based on a standardized multi-summit approach. We used both statistical downscaling of climate data and vegetation cover data to calculate climate niches to assess the impacts of climate change. Two indicators, thermophilic and moist-philic, were applied to evaluate the overall response of vegetation dynamics. The results revealed that potential evapotranspiration increased significantly and led to a declining tendency in monthly water balance from 2014 to 2019. The general pattern of species richness was a decline. The difference in plant cover among the three surveys showed an inconsistent pattern, although some dominant species expanded, such as the dwarf bamboo Yushania niitakayamensis. The thermophilic indicator showed that species composition had changed so that there were more thermophilic species at the three lowest summits. The moist-philization indicator showed a decline of humid-preferred species in the latest monitoring period. Although total precipitation did not decrease, our results suggest that the variability in precipitation with increased temperature and potential evapotranspiration altered alpine vegetation composition and could endanger vulnerable species in the future.
Cell-membrane-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for detecting extracellular ATP
Authors: Sun Wan , Gu Xiangling , Dong Pingxuan , Chu Lianjun , Zhang Zhongyu , Cheng Zhenyuan , Yang Fan
Published: August 2022

A fluorescent probe for detecting extracellular ATP.
Heterostructures of Cu2−xS/Cu2−xTe plasmonic semiconductors: disappearing and reappearing LSPR with anion exchange
Authors: Espinosa Alba Roselia , Novak Marc , Luo Qi , Hole Brandon , Doligon Clarisse , Prenza Sosa Kenya , Gray Jennifer L. , Rossi Daniel P. , Plass Katherine E.
Published: August 2022

Converting Cu2−xS nanorods to Cu2−xTe through anion exchange resulted in unexpected effects on the LSPR behaviour.
Tetrachlorocatecholates of triarylarsines as a novel class of Lewis acids
Authors: Chishiro Akane , Akioka Ippei , Sumida Akifumi , Oka Kouki , Tohnai Norimitsu , Yumura Takashi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: August 2022

Tetrachlorocatecholates of triarylarsines have been synthesized as a novel class of pnictogen-mediated Lewis acids. Their Lewis acidities and electronic properties were studied in comparison with the phosphorus and antimony analogues.
Interfacial modification between argyrodite-type solid-state electrolytes and Li metal anodes using LiPON interlayers
Authors: Su Jin , Pasta Mauro , Ning Ziyang , Gao Xiangwen , Bruce Peter G. , Grovenor Chris R. M.
Published: August 2022

Improved wetting behaviour of argyrodite Li6PS5Cl SSE by introducing a LiPON interlayer, and the corresponding FIB-SEM cross-section image. The thin LiPON interlayer helps the Li metal to contact conformally with the surface of Li6PS5Cl SSE.
Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots for light emission
Authors: Osypiw Alexander R. C. , Lee Sanghyo , Jung Sung-Min , Leoni Stefano , Smowton Peter M. , Hou Bo , Kim Jong Min , Amaratunga Gehan A. J.
Published: August 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging class of photoactive materials that exhibit extraordinary optical features. This paper presents a review of colloidal QD synthesis and the reasons behind their use in light emission applications.
Exploring the effect of partial B-site Al3+–Mg2+ dual substitution on optoelectronic, surface, and photocatalytic properties of BaTaO2N
Authors: Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Vargas Ronald , Kadirova Zukhra C. , Teshima Katsuya , Lerch Martin
Published: August 2022

The effect of the Al3+–Mg2+ cosubstituent ratio on the optoelectronic, surface, and photocatalytic properties of BaTaO2N is studied.
Near-UV light emitting diode with on-chip photocatalysts for purification applications
Authors: Leem Young-Chul , Myoung NoSoung , Hong Sang-Hyun , Jeong Sehee , Seo Okkyun , Park Seong-Ju , Yim Sang-Youp , Kim Joon Heon
Published: August 2022

An array of TiO2 nanodisks combined with SiO2 pedestals is fabricated directly on the surface of an InGaN-based near-ultraviolet LED to enhance photocatalytic activity for purification of organic dye molecules.
First-principles calculations for determining the mechanism of the photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde on the g-C3N4 catalyst
Authors: Pan Ling-Yu , Ding Yu-Feng , Yin Shuang-Feng , Cai Meng-Qiu
Published: August 2022

The photocatalytic oxidation of toluene (TL) to benzaldehyde (BAD) has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, green chemistry, and high selectivity of the target products.
Metal–organic-framework embellished through ion etching method for highly enhanced electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction catalysis
Authors: Mou Qiuxiang , Xu Zhenhang , Zuo Wei , Shi Tianyu , Li Erlei , Cheng Gongzhen , Liu Xinghai , Zheng Huaming , Li Houbin , Zhao Pingping
Published: August 2022

In this work, Ni-MOF-Fe-2 was fabricated by using Fe3+ etching bulk Ni MOF, and the as-prepared catalyst showed significantly enhanced OER performances, which exhibited a low overpotential (η10 = 269 mV) and remarkable durability in 1 M KOH.
Copper depletion combined with photothermal therapy suppresses breast cancer
Authors: Li Chaonan , Hao Dengyuan , Wang Xue , Sun Tingting , Xie Zhigang
Published: August 2022

Robust nanoparticles of a multifunctional molecule (PY-TBDP) have been prepared, which could achieve enhanced tumor inhibition effect by the reduction of copper ions in tumor cells and the mild photothermal effect.
Radical cyclization/bis(pentafluoroethylation) of 1,6-dienes using HCF2CF3-derived CuCF2CF3
Authors: Luo Ziwei , Tsui Gavin Chit
Published: August 2022

A domino radical cyclization/bis(pentafluoroethylation) of 1,6-dienes is described. This method provides access to N-heterocycles/carbocycles containing two C2F5groups in one step.
Glutathione-depleting polymer delivering chlorin e6 for enhancing photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Shi-yin , Chen Guo , Chen Ji-feng , Wang Jin , Deng Shao-hui , Cheng Du
Published: August 2022

We report a novel GSH-depleting polymer based on a thiol–pyridine disulfide exchange reaction, with fast reactivity and high efficiency in GSH depletion that effectively promotes ROS accumulation and significantly enhances photodynamic therapy.
Optimized antibody immobilization on natural silica-based nanostructures for the selective detection of E. coli
Authors: Widyasari Diaz Ayu , Kristiani Anis , Randy Ahmad , Manurung Robeth V. , Dewi Rizna Triana , Andreani Agustina Sus , Yuliarto Brian , Jenie S. N. Aisyiyah
Published: August 2022

This work describes for the first time the surface modification of natural-based fluorescent nanoparticles with antibodies as optical biosensing platforms.
Design, synthesis, bio-evaluation, and in silico studies of some N-substituted 6-(chloro/nitro)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial and anticancer agents
Authors: Pham Em Canh , Thi Le Tuong Vi , Truong Tuyen Ngoc
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to synthesize novel N-substituted 6-(chloro/nitro)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with various substituted aryl groups at position 2 and alkylation at position 1, and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Expedient approach for trans-esterification of β-keto esters under solvent free conditions using silica supported boric acid (SiO2–H3BO3) as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: Das Kamal , Majumdar Swapan
Published: August 2022

A simple, mild, high yielding and minimizing chemical waste procedure for trans-esterification of β-keto methyl/ethyl esters with alcohol groups was developed under solvent-free condition using silica-boric acid as recyclable heterogeneous catalyst.
The annual-hydrogen-yield-climatic-response ratio: evaluating the real-life performance of integrated solar water splitting devices
Authors: Kölbach Moritz , Höhn Oliver , Rehfeld Kira , Finkbeiner Manuel , Barry James , May Matthias M.
Published: August 2022

The annual-hydrogen-yield-climatic-response ratio is introduced as a figure of merit for evaluating, comparing, and optimizing the real-life performance of integrated solar water splitting devices.
Hysteresis in the thermally induced phase transition of cellulose ethers
Authors: Bizmark Navid , Caggiano Nicholas J. , Liu Jason X. , Arnold Craig B. , Prud’homme Robert K. , Datta Sujit S. , Priestley Rodney D.
Published: August 2022

The effects of substituents on the thermally triggered phase transition of cellulose ethers are discussed. By tuning the content of amphiphilic side chains, the thermal hysteresis of phase transition during heating and cooling can be controlled.
Experimental investigation and finite element modelling of PMMA/carbon nanotube nanobiocomposites for bone cement applications
Authors: Sadati Vahideh , Khakbiz Mehrdad , Chagami Milad , Bagheri Reza , Chashmi Fatemeh Salahi , Akbari Babak , Shakibania Sara , Lee Ki-Bum
Published: August 2022

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are one of the preferred candidates for reinforcing polymeric nanobiocomposites, such as acrylic bone types of cement.
Faceted and defect-rich CuMn2O4 nanoparticles for efficient electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Rani Balasubramanian Jansi , Sivanantham Arumugam , Shridharan Tatachari Santhanagopalan , Runfa Tan , Cho In Sun
Published: August 2022

Facet engineering, which exposes desired crystal planes, is an effective method for manipulating the surface adsorption and catalytic reactivity of electrocatalysts used in water splitting.
Rationally regulating the π-bridge of small molecule acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Li Yonghai , Han Chenyu , Wang Junjie , Bi Fuzhen , Zheng Nan , Yang Jiawang , Wang Jiuxing , Bao Xichang
Published: August 2022

The unilateral π-bridge endows acceptors with enhanced crystallinity and orientation, affording a notable efficiency of 15.45% with an impressive fill factor of 79.31%. Meanwhile, the resultant ternary cell shows a high PCE of up to 18.15%.
Protein fibril assisted chiral assembly of gold nanorods
Authors: Thomas Angel Rose , Swetha K. , C. K. Aparna , Ashraf Rahail , Kumar Jatish , Kumar Sanjay , Mandal Soumit S.
Published: August 2022

Amyloid fibril mediated synthesis of chiral gold nanorods with their optical properties characterised via CD and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Single band ratiometric luminescence thermometry based on Pr3+ doped oxides containing charge transfer states
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Li Junyi , Lei Ruoshan , Zhao Shilong , Xu Shiqing
Published: August 2022

Luminescence thermometry, an important technique for remote temperature readout, requires the exploitation of new thermometric strategies to improve sensing properties.
Revisiting the Pushchino RRAT search using a neural network
Authors: Tyul’bashev S. A. , Pervukhin D. V. , Kitaeva M. A. , Tyul’basheva G. E. , Brylyakova E. A. , Chernosov A. V.
Published: August 2022

The search for rotating radio transients (RRAT) at declinations from −9° to +42° was carried out based on the semi-annual monitoring data obtained on the Large Phased Array (LPA) radio telescope at a frequency of 111 MHz. A neural network was used to search for candidates. Four new RRATs were detected; they have dispersion measures of 5–16 pc cm−3. A comparison with an earlier RRAT search that was conducted using the same data shows that the neural network reduced the amount of interference by 80 times. It is now down to 1.3% of the initial amount of interference. The loss of real pulsar pulses does not exceed 6% of their total number.
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie aus der Sicht ambulanter Krebspatienten
Authors: Pichler Theresia , Frank Tamara , Maier Sabrina , Batenhorst Ineke , Albawi-Daltrozzo Tanja , Harbeck Nadia , Algül Hana , Heinemann Volker , Hermelink Kerstin , Mumm Friederike , Dinkel Andreas
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Diese Studie untersucht aktuelle Bedürfnisse und Belastungen von ambulanten Krebspatienten im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Material und Methoden Zwischen 11/2020 und 02/2021 wurden 122 ambulante Krebspatientinnen und -patienten des Comprehensive Cancer Center München in die Studie eingeschlossen und anhand eines standardisierten, halbstrukturierten Interviews zu Wissensstand und Informationsbedürfnissen in Bezug auf COVID-19, Risikowahrnehmung und Sorgen hinsichtlich der ambulanten Krebsbehandlung, COVID-19-spezifischen Belastungen sowie zum Vertrauen in das Gesundheitssystem und der Impfbereitschaft befragt. Zusätzlich wurde psychosozialer Distress anhand des Distress-Thermometers (DT) erhoben.

Ergebnisse Über ein Drittel der Krebspatienten (34,2 %, n = 41/120) hatte noch Informationsbedarf hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen des Coronavirus auf ihre Erkrankung oder Behandlung. 17,2 % (n = 21/122) waren von Veränderungen der laufenden oder geplanten Krebstherapie betroffen. Bei n = 42/121 (34,7 %) der Patienten zeigte sich ein erhöhter psychosozialer Distress (DT ≥ 5). Die häufigste Corona-spezifische Belastung war die Angst vor einer Überlastung des Gesundheitssystems (77,9 %, n = 95/122), gefolgt von der Befürchtung, dass sich Angehörige noch größere Sorgen um die betroffenen Patienten machen (56,2 %, n = 68/121). 71,2 % (n = 74/104) der Patienten sind bereit, sich impfen zu lassen; 60 % (n = 18/30) der zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung Unentschlossenen oder Ablehner wünschen sich vor einer endgültigen Entscheidung für die Impfung ein Informationsgespräch mit ihrem Onkologen/ihrer Onkologin.

Schlussfolgerung Corona-spezifische Belastungen von Krebspatienten betreffen insbesondere den Verlauf der Therapie, aber auch eine mögliche Überlastung des Gesundheitssystems. Onkologische Behandler-Teams sollten Fragen ihrer Patienten Raum geben, mögliche Unsicherheiten anerkennen, emotionale Unterstützung leisten und auf valide Informationsquellen aufmerksam machen.
Antimicrobial Acylphloroglucinol Meroterpenoids and Acylphloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma
Authors: Hai Ping , He Yunqing , Wang Ruirui , Yang Jian , Gao Yuan , Wu Xudong , Chen Nie , Ye Li , Li Rongtao
Published: August 2022

Ten novel meroterpenoids, dryoptins/11″-epi-dryoptins A~E (1~10) with an unprecedented skeleton consisting of dimeric or trimeric acylphloroglucinols and
dehydrotheonelline, two undescribed acylphloroglucinol-nerolidol meroterpenoids (11~12), and ten known acylphloroglucinol derivatives (13~22), were isolated from
D. crassirhizoma. The novel structures including absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism
(ECD) calculations. A biosynthetic pathway of 1~10 was assumed. The trimeric acylphloroglucinol meroterpenoids 7/8 showed significant antifungal activity against
standard Candida albicans with a MIC50 value of 1.61 µg/mL [fluconazole (FLC): 3.41 µg/mL], and when combined with FLC, the principal components 20 and 21
exhibited strong antifungal activities against FLC-resistant C. albicans with MIC50 values of 8.39 and 7.16 µg/mL (FLC: > 100 µg/mL), respectively. Moreover, compounds
2, 5/6, 18, 19, and 21 exhibited inhibitory effects against several pathogenic fungi and bacteria, with MIC50 values of 6.25 ~ 50 µg/mL.
Whiteness and/as war
Authors: Gregory Joshua R.
Published: August 2022

Viewed as the sociogenetic product of the violent instinct and historical racialization, whiteness shares the psychoanalytic impetus that also subtends the cycle by which modern war originates and repeats, seemingly perpetually and indomitably. Relating whiteness to war in this way urges a reconceptualization that generates a series of novel insights that cohere as a tripartite theory which spans the dimensions ofwhatwhiteness is,why, andhow. Ultimately, this leads to a refined understanding that apprehends the distinction between whiteness and war to represent a difference of degree, not kind, and consequently suggests a possibility of liberation from white hegemony through collectively reorienting to whiteness as a melancholic object.
Single crystal elasticity and equation of state of tantalum up to 54 GPa
Authors: Fukui Hiroshi , Yoneda Akira , Kamada Seiji , Uchiyama Hiroshi , Hirao Naohisa , Baron Alfred Q. R.
Published: August 2022

We measured single crystal elasticity of Ta under high pressures up to 54 GPa at room temperature using inelastic x-ray scattering at room temperature. Simultaneously, we measured the density of Ta using x-ray diffraction. Combining the bulk modulus and density, we obtain an equation of state of Ta as a primary scale. The Vinet equation was fitted to the pressure–volume data and we found consistency with previous work including experimental static and shock compressions and theoretical calculation. We proposed a parameter set for the Vinet equation [K0 = 191.1(3) GPa, K′0 = 4.006(2)] which is consistent with the pressure based on extrapolated velocities within 2% up to ∼80 GPa. Furthermore, we found the present scale to be consistent with a recent ruby scale (Ruby2020) up to ∼50 GPa.
Influences of HMX contents on potential reaction violence and fragmentation degree of PBT-propellants after impact load
Authors: Yang Nian , Ma Teng , Liu Jingping , Bai Dayu , Li Yang , Wang Xu , Huang Yinsheng , Liu Dabin , Xu Sen
Published: August 2022

The extent of damage that is developed during the production, transportation, storage, and handling of propellants after a low-velocity impact is an important factor in evaluating a dangerous threat such as deflagration-to-detonation transition. In this paper, a friability test was performed to evaluate the critical impact ignition velocity (CIIV), fragmentation degree, and potential reaction violence of four 3, 3-Bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) copolymer-propellants (PBT-propellants) with various 3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) contents under impact at different velocities. The results showed that as the HMX contents increased, the CIIV decreased and changes of that also decreased. Simultaneously, the fragmentation degree increased with the increase in impact velocity, as it was judged by the initial dynamic activity ratio. Then, we calculated the maximum value of the initial dynamic activity ratio by fitting the data using Boltzmann, which were 27 (HMX = 0), 39 (HMX = 5%), 48 (HMX = 10%), and 56 (HMX = 15%). The ratios of the maximum value of the initial dynamic activity ratio between PBT-propellants containing HMX and those without HMX were 1.44, 1.78, and 2.07. The addition of HMX increased the maximum fragmentation degree of PBT-propellants under impact. The potential reaction violence increased as the impact velocity increased due to the increase in the fragmentation degree of PBT-propellants after impact. Similarly, we also obtained the maximum values of potential reaction violence, which were 62.39, 50.17, 41.89, and 34.65. The maximum value of potential reaction violence decreased with the increase in HMX contents, and the addition of HMX improved the safety of PBT-propellants burning after impact.
Analytical soliton solutions of the higher order cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the influence of the model’s parameters
Authors: Esen Handenur , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with third order dispersion (3OD), fourth-order dispersion (4OD), and cubic-quintic nonlinearity (CQNL) terms that define the propagation of ultrashort pulses. Two analytical methods, which are the new Kudryashov’s method and the unified Riccati equation expansion method, are implemented to extract the analytical soliton solutions of the presented equation for the first time. Thus, bright, dark, and singular soliton solutions are acquired. To illustrate the physical behavior of some of the obtained solutions, 3D, 2D, and contour graphs are depicted. In particular, to understand the effects of the group velocity dispersion, 3OD, 4OD, CQNLs, self-steepening coefficient terms, and group velocity term of the traveling wave transformation on the soliton dynamics of the proposed equation, 2D plots for different values of coefficients are represented. The obtained results provide us with the knowledge that the presented model can be examined from a physical perspective. It can be concluded that the used methods are effective approaches to derive the analytical solutions for the NLSE.
Racial-ethnic disparities in adolescent sexual behaviours: the cross-sectional Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2009–19
Authors: Demissie Zewditu , Ethier Kathleen , Williams Kymber , Dunville Richard , Cavalier Yolanda , Payne Rebecca , Underwood J. Michael
Published: August 2022

Background There are notable disparities by race/ethnicity in the sexual health of US adolescents and young adults. Our objective was to examine change over time in racial-ethnic disparities in sexual behaviours among US high school students. Methods Data were analysed from six biennial cycles of the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2009–19), conducted among cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of 9th−12th grade students. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models tested for linear trends by race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and differences in these trends in: ever had sex, current sexual activity, having four or more lifetime sexual partners, and condomless sex. Prevalence ratios and risk differences by race/ethnicity for each cycle were used to calculate average percent change in the estimates to determine if health disparities changed over time. Results During 2009–19, prevalence estimates for ever had sex, current sexual activity, and having four or more lifetime sexual partners decreased overall and across all racial-ethnic groups. For condomless sex, prevalence estimates increased over time overall (38.9–45.7%) and for Black (37.6–51.8%) and White (36.7–44.2%) students, but not Hispanic (45.1–43.8%) students. Significant differences in trends by race/ethnicity were observed for all variables. Data suggest that racial-ethnic health disparities for sexual behaviours decreased over time, except for condomless sex. Conclusions Although racial-ethnic gaps in sexual behaviours may be shrinking for many behaviours, work is still needed to achieve health equity in risks associated with HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy.
Λ
b
→ Λ
c
form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules*
Authors: Miao Yan , Deng Hui , Huang Ke-Sheng , Gao Jing , Shen Yue-Long
Published: August 2022

In this study, we calculate the transition form factors of

decaying into

within the framework of light-cone sum rules with the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the

-baryon. In the hadronic representation of the correlation function, we isolate both the

and

states so that the

form factors can be obtained without ambiguity. We investigate the P-type and A-type currents to interpolate light baryons for comparison because the interpolation current for the baryon state is not unique. We also employ three parametrization models for the DAs of

in the numerical calculation. We present the numerical predictions for the

form factors and branching fractions, averaged forward-backward asymmetry, averaged final hadron polarization, and averaged lepton polarization of the

decays, as well as the ratio of the branching ratios

. The predicted

is consistent with LHCb data.
Radiation hard 3D silicon pixel sensors for use in the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC
Authors: Heggelund A.L. , Huiberts S. , Dorholt O. , Read A.L. , Rohne O. , Sandaker H. , Lauritzen M. , Stugu B. , Kok A. , Koybasi O. , Povoli M. , Bomben M. , Lange J. , Rummler A.
Published: August 2022

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade requires the
planned Inner Tracker (ITk) of the ATLAS detector to tolerate
extremely high radiation doses. Specifically, the innermost parts of
the pixel system will have to withstand radiation fluences above
1 × 1016 neqcm-2. Novel 3D silicon pixel
sensors offer a superior radiation tolerance compared to
conventional planar pixel sensors, and are thus excellent candidates
for the innermost parts of the ITk. This paper presents studies of
3D pixel sensors with pixel size 50 × 50 μm2 mounted
on the RD53A prototype readout chip. Following a description of the
design and fabrication steps, Test Beam results are presented for
unirradiated as well as heavily irradiated sensors. For particles
passing at perpendicular incidence, it is shown that average
efficiencies above 96% are reached for sensors exposed to fluences
of 1 × 1016 neqcm-2 when biased to 80 V.
A low-order dynamical model for fire-vegetation-climate interactions
Authors: Kim Soong-Ki , Timmermann Axel , Kim Jin-Soo , Olson Roman , An Soon-Il
Published: August 2022

Climate conditions play a key role in determining the occurrence and severity of wildfires. Despite the impacts of wildfires on ecosystems, human livelihoods, and air quality, little is known conceptually about how natural or anthropogenic shifts in climate may influence the fire activity on a regional or global scale. Here, we introduce a new low order dynamical model that describes the nonlinear interactions between climate, vegetation (fire fuel) and fire probabilities. This 1-dimensional model describes the influence of precipitation and temperature on burned area and fuel availability. Estimating key parameters from observations, the model successfully reproduces the spatio-temporal variability of wildfire occurrences, particularly, in semi-arid regions in Africa, South America, and northern Australia. The fidelity of the model translates into a high degree of longer-term predictability of fire conditions in these vulnerable regions. Our new low-order modeling framework may provide guidance to forestry managers to assess fire risks under present and future climate conditions.
Development of models for functioning of a universal service center in agriculture of Uzbekistan
Authors: Djiyanov M , Tadjibekova I , Temirkulova N
Published: August 2022

The expediency of creating a universal service center (USC) in a specific agricultural region has been revealed hereby. Its tasks have been substantiated as an executive of technical services. Basing on the formulated tasks, the structure of the operation of the USC has been developed within the framework of the system “Plant – service executive – consumer of the service”. The methods for determining the rational location of the USC in the territory of a particular region have been developed and implemented. An example of calculation of the functioning parameters of a universal service center has been presented. It was revealed that the economic effect of the USC would be achieved by reducing the route of mobile service workshops in the process of providing services to cars.
Influence of erosion on the mechanical composition and physical properties of serozems on rainfed soils, Tashkent province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Juliev M , Matyakubov B , Khakberdiev O , Abdurasulov X , Gafurova L , Ergasheva O , Panjiev U , Chorikulov B
Published: August 2022

The problem of soil protection from erosion is relevant for many countries in the arid zone of the world, including the territory of Uzbekistan. In the republic, the main arrays of crops are located on rainfed lands, where the crop is created only due to moisture in precipitation. The amount of porosity (duty cycle) of soils is determined mainly by specific and bulk mass, mechanical composition, and humus content. Porosity of soils decreases from unwashed soils to washed away and down the profile. In the arable horizons of unwashed rainfed soils, it is 52%, washed out - 47.49%. Deeper in the profile, in horizons transitional to soil, due to a sharp increase in density and a decrease in the humus content in all soils, regardless of erosion, Porosity sharply drops to 48-50%. Thus, with a small bulk mass, the overall porosity of rainfed typical serozems is generally satisfactory, since it provides good soil aeration and the use of precipitation, only on highly washed away soils the porosity decreases markedly and the absorption of precipitation is slightly worsened.
Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi biodiversity of sunflower
Authors: Sodikov B , Khakimov A , Rakhmonov U , Omonlikov A , Gulmatov R , Utaganov S
Published: August 2022

Diseases caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi are a serious problem for agricultural crops, including sunflower crops. The limited possibilities of measures to control them further increases the interest and focus on them. This article reveals data on the species composition, occurrence rate of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of sunflower. Here, 11 species of true fungi and 1 species of oomycetes have been isolated. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Fusarium oxysporum fungi species. During the study, pathogenic fungi specific to sunflower have also been isolated.
Features of physico-chemical parameters of local varieties of lentil grains in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamidova F Y , Yormatova D Y , Kh Majidov K , Bokijonov M M
Published: August 2022

In Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the cultivation of lentils and such types of grain are characterized by high quality indicators and physicochemical characteristics. In Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the cultivation of lentils. Such types of grain are characterized by high quality indicators and physicochemical characteristics. The physico-chemical parameters of local varieties of lentil grains were studied. The technological characteristics of lentil grains were established, the distinctive characteristics of lentil grains in comparison with well-known varieties have been determined. It was found that in the process of deep processing of lentil grain to obtain a protein isolate, proteins retain their native conformation, as evidenced by the position of the absorption bands Amide I, Amide II and Amide III in the analysis of IR spectra.
Valuable economic traits of F3 hybrids of medium-fiber cotton
Authors: Kh Akhmedov D , Jabborov J S , Mannopov R S
Published: August 2022

Today, a cluster system has been established in Uzbek cotton industry for the cultivation of agricultural crops. This cluster system includes the processes from sowing the seeds to harvesting, processing, obtaining and selling the finished product. Today, there is a growing demand for varieties with high fiber yield and length, as well as other quality indicators of fiber. In this regard, this research focused on creating raw materials with high fiber consumption and quality. In this research, the results of several years of researches on F2 hybrids, which obtained on the basis of parental forms with high fiber yield and length selected from 12 F3 hybrid families, were analyzed and studied. Besides, Namangan-77 cotton variety was selected as a standard variety. The research results showed that the standard for fiber yield was observed in Namangan-77 cotton variety 35.1%, in the remaining 10 hybrids, except for hybrids 5 and 12, from 36.0% to 42.2%, and the highest rate was F3 CP-2532 x Jarkurgon hybrid. 42.2% in the family, which is 7.1% higher than the standard navigation. In terms of fiber length, the standard variety was 35.0 mm, while all other 12 hybrid families had fiber lengths ranging from 35.3 mm to 37.2 mm, 0.4 mm to 2.5 mm longer than the standard variety, and these hybrids were used as donors.