bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Utilization on Cooperative Banking Services and Schemes in Rural Area
Authors: Niyaz  , Siddiq Abbokar
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the awareness level and utilization of various cooperative banking services in rural area especially Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. In India, most of the states are agriculture dominated, especially in rural area, cooperative banks play a key role in bolstering the common individual and financing his self -employment/business and personal needs. The awareness and effective utilization of various rural banking services will improve the financial inclusion statistics of the country. To assess the awareness level, 27 services and schemes offered by the cooperative society are taken and classified into different factors. The awareness levels of rural Muslims are compared with different demographical profile to know the difference.
Methodology: Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and distributed among rural Muslims cooperative bank account holders. The study is descriptive in nature and data was collected from 398 rural Muslims of five taluks of Dakshina Kannada district. To draw meaningful inferences, scales for reliability, normality assumption, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze, compare and interpret the data.
Findings: The results indicate that there are no significant differences among the economic status, income and sub-caste regarding awareness of cooperative banking services and schemes. However, there is a significant difference among the age, residence and occupation regarding awareness of cooperative banking services and schemes.
Originality: It may help the service provider to implement services and schemes according to the needs and profile of the rural households in the rural area, in order to have effective utilization of services and to raise the standard of living.
Practical Implication: The findings of the study will help the various stakeholders to overcome the problem of financial inclusion especially in rural areas and help to provide need-based financial service to the rural households in the country.
Paper Type: Analytical Research
Contesting History
Authors: Black Jeremy
Published: September 2021

Contesting History is an authoritative guide to the positive and negative applications of the past in the public arena and what this signifies for the meaning of history more widely. Using a global, non-Western model, Jeremy Black examines the employment of history by the state, the media, the national collective memory and others and considers its fundamental significance in how we understand the past.

Moving from public life pre-1400 to the struggle of ideologies in the 20th century and contemporary efforts to find meaning in historical narratives, Jeremy Black incorporates a great deal of original material on governmental, social and commercial influences on the public use of history. This includes a host of in-depth case studies from different periods of history around the world, and coverage of public history in a wider range of media, including TV and film. Readers are guided through this material by an expansive introduction, section headings, chapter conclusions and a selected further reading list. Written with eminent clarity and breadth of knowledge, Contesting History is a key text for all students of public history and anyone keen to know more about the nature of history as a discipline and concept.
Debating the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Stearns Peter N. , Stearns Peter N. , Censer Jack R.
Published: September 2021

The industrial revolution was and is a huge development and one of the fundamental changes in human experience in the modern world. In Debating the Industrial Revolution, Peter N. Stearns, a leading expert in world history, presents the major contours of the ongoing debates over industrialization in history. He explores the central historical discussion over what caused such a momentous change, demonstrating how interpretations have developed over time and encouraging students to critically engage with historical practice.

Trying to understand why industrialization happened, and why it continues to happen, continues to organize considerable analytical energy. This book will be the ideal primer for students wanting to understand the key debates, and get a sense of how they might develop in the future.
Consumer behaviour and attitude towards shopping mall after pandemic covid-19
Authors:   Sinhgad Institute., Ansari Dr. Zamarrud
Published: September 2021

The whole world had come to a standstill due to the COVID19 Pandemic. Consistent lock-down, one after another, Corona virus waves disrupted the normal life of people. This pandemic has had a very bad effect across all the sectors in the market. Most affected sectors being tourism, hotels and other hospitality domains and organised retail shops, etc. This paper was an attempt made to understand the customer‟s opinion, perception and shopping attitude for shopping in malls. It was a descriptive research conducted with the help of a survey. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data and it was analysed using SPSS software by applying various hypothesis testing tools. The study concludes that respondents are cautious about stepping out of their homes for shopping. But various factors such as all the protocols covid-19 pandemic, hygiene, cleanliness, contactless payment facilities, proper navigation at entrance assured safety and security from the pandemic. Result shows that age of the respondents also affects the willingness of the respondents for shopping in shopping malls.
Movimentos sociais: uma síntese visando à retomada do seu papel transformador
Authors: Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo propõe fazer uma síntese das principais ideias e estratégias que têm norteado os movimentos sociais no Brasil, através de ações ocorridas em Recife, visando recuperar seu potencial “transformador” da sociedade. Identificou-se, portanto, um conjunto de três experiências de movimentos sociais: a dos movimentos sociais tradicionais, a dos novos movimentos sociais e a dos movimentos sociais mais difusos e descentralizados. Metodologicamente, utilizamo-nos do que se vem observando, ultimamente, no pensar e atuar em termos dos movimentos sociais, consultando, quando necessário, fontes teóricas e ouvindo militantes durante protestos de rua. O principal resultado ao qual chegamos reside no fato de que há uma enorme diversidade de movimentos sociais coexistindo no tempo-espaço atual, os quais devem ser somados numa perspectiva de se buscar soluções que atendam a todos e a todas.
Mapas...Por quê? Por quem? Para quem?
Authors: De Avellar Mascarello Marcela , Dos Santos Caio Floriano , De Oliveira Barbosa André Luiz
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão acerca da cartografia e suas tecnologias, bem como da cartografia social e sua evolução através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, debatendo sobre os propósitos e objetivos que envolvem a elaboração de um mapa (Por quê? Por quem? Para quem?) e as relações de poder estabelecidas. Os mapas foram historicamente construídos de forma verticalizada com o intuito de legitimar o processo de conquista por parte do Estado (posteriormente por empresas). Isso vem sendo questionado na atualidade e acaba dando lugar a novas formas de abordagem cartográficas, como por exemplo: cartografia social, mapeamentos participativos, dentre outras. A cartografia social se apresenta como um instrumento de luta que busca fortalecer os processos de resistências nos territórios contra os grandes projetos de desenvolvimento que não dialogam com as comunidades. Nesse contexto, observaram-se dois exemplos de Observatórios de Conflitos (Minas Gerais e Extremo Sul do Brasil) que têm realizado mapeamento de conflitos ambientais e assessoramento técnico à movimentos e grupos sociais em suas lutas. Foi possível concluir que os mapas são instrumentos de poder e que de forma contra-hegemônica os mapeamentos participativos possuem grande valor para empoderar as comunidades tradicionais na luta pelos seus territórios.
Territórios ameaçados no contexto de expansão da urbanização neoliberal – o caso do Coque – Recife-PE
Authors: Moura de Castilho Cláudio Jorge , Gómez Bautista Diana Carolina , Siqueira Lopes Campos Dóris Jamylla , Barros Gomes Milena
Published: September 2021

Em Recife, historicamente, os territórios vividos resistem contra a especulação imobiliária cujos interesses fizeram parte preponderante, desde muito cedo, da formação da cidade. Pretende-se contribuir para a discussão sobre o atual processo de urbanização capitalista que tem ameaçado territórios historicamente conquistados pelas populações pobres. Partindo de uma experiência de resistência do território Coque, o grupo de pesquisa MSEU identificou o retorno de maneira célere da postura urbanística higienista em Recife. Como procedimentos metodológicos, utilizou-se de uma abordagem relacional mediante a qual a interdisciplinaridade é considerada como caminho fundamental à apreensão e explicação da complexidade do processo de urbanização capitalista.
Processo participativo das comunidades rurais no “sequestro do carbono” em Moçambique
Authors: Nguiraze André Camanguira
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a incorporação de práticas participativas e de mecanismos voltados para a articulação das comunidades rurais no processo de “sequestro de carbono”, na zona tampão, do Regulado de Nhambita. Optou-se pela pesquisa-ação, nesta proposta, pois permitiu o acompanhamento e avaliação das ações realizadas em ações participativas das comunidades rurais moçambicanas no sequestro do carbono através do envolvimento no agroflorestamento. Assim, pela metodologia adotada, foi possível compreender os mecanismos da produção alimentar e os riscos de estarem seriamente comprometidas nesta atividade devido à implementação de projetos de plantio e conservação de árvores para a captura de carbono e à chamada Redução de Emissões por Desmatamento e Degradação Florestal Plus (REDD+). Tais projetos poderão conduzir as comunidades locais a graves situações de insegurança alimentar e resultar na perda da posse de terra e do controle de recursos florestais por parte de camponeses, tanto que o comércio de carbono e REDD+ readapta os camponeses a “cultivar” o carbono a serviço dos países poluidores.
Da mobilização no espaço às territorialidades e discursos passivos nos territórios: os casos dos projetos de assentamentos Independência e Varame I – Passira-PE
Authors: De Morais Hugo Arruda
Published: September 2021

Este artigo possui como objetivo central apresentar, de forma sucinta, os resultados das análises feitas em torno da construção dos assentamentos rurais Independência e Varame I (Passira-PE), a partir de uma reflexão que permeia o processo de inclusão socioterritorial das famílias assentadas, tendo por base as territorialidades ativas e/ou passivas. Nessa perspectiva, as análises mostraram que há entre as famílias assentadas dos PA Independência e Varame I, ações de forte individualização e um crescimento de uma concepção de ‘não pertencimento’ ao lugar, o que impossibilita o surgimento de estratégias inclusivas com capacidade de inovação e transformação do território. O que ocorre de fato é um processo de desmobilização em termos de discursos e da tentativa de novas mobilizações coletivas nos territórios. A metodologia para a elaboração deste texto parte da utilização da técnica da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Apresentamos uma análise dos dados que toma como processo básico a análise voltada à descrição, interpretação e explicação dos discursos. O principal resultado deste artigo foi apresentar que entre as famílias assentadas nos PA Independência e Varame I não há no momento ações e comportamentos capazes de construir novas práticas nos PA, a partir de uma lógica de referência e identidades ligadas ao seu território de trabalho e vida.
O Movimento Negro e as Revoluções de 1968: uma análise da relação e ressignificação do negro e o histórico do movimento no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Mariana Morena
Published: September 2021

As Revoluções de 1968 foram um divisor de águas na forma como os movimentos sociais se organizam e se mobilizam ao redor de todo o mundo. O surgimento de novas tecnologias promoveu a difusão de táticas de mobilização e pautas contestatórias. Nesse sentido, a partir de 1968, se dá início um processo de revolução não só no ambiente social e institucional, mas também nos modelos cognitivos dos indivíduos. O movimento negro nos Estados Unidos, em especial, possui papel primordial na difusão de táticas contestatórias na sociedade estadunidense em resposta ao sistema de segregação institucionalizada. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel que o movimento negro dos EUA iniciado em 1968 teve no Brasil. Observa-se que, apesar de tardio, os protestos sociais chegam ao Brasil e transformam profundamente a comunidade negra e a forma como esta se enxerga na sociedade, possibilitando mudanças estruturais do Estado brasileiro no que tange o reconhecimento de estruturas discriminatórias e na promoção de políticas públicas para a população afrodescendente.
A luta pela terra, o mangue e o mar: a trajetória de um movimento socioambiental no litoral do Pará
Authors: Sousa Lima Paulo Victor , Ribeiro Tânia Guimarães
Published: September 2021

Este artigo busca compreender o processo de institucionalização da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu, localizada no município de Bragança, no litoral do estado do Pará. A pesquisa é qualitativa, a partir da análise de fontes primárias e secundárias, atrelada a realização de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados. Argumenta-se que a Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu é fruto de mobilizações protagonizadas por povos e comunidades de extrativistas costeiros-marinhos, que viram na criação deste modelo de Unidade de Conservação, uma alternativa aos conflitos socioambientais decorrentes da incorporação do litoral paraense à agenda desenvolvimentista. No entanto, a institucionalização da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu não resultou no fim da luta por reconhecimento de direitos ligados à terra, ao mangue e ao mar – em outras palavras, ao maretório.
Biomass burning and marine aerosol processing over the southeast Atlantic Ocean: A TEM single particle analysis
Authors: Dang Caroline , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Che Haochi , Zhang Lu , Formenti Paola , Taylor Jonathan , Dobracki Amie , Purdue Sara , Wong Pui-Shan , Nenes Athanios , Sedlacek Arthur , Coe Hugh , Redemann Jens , Zuidema Paquita , Haywood James
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This study characterizes single particle aerosol composition from filters collected during the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) and CLoud–Aerosol–Radiation Interaction and Forcing: Year 2017 (CLARIFY-2017) campaigns. In particular the study describes aged biomass burning aerosol (BBA), its interaction with the marine boundary layer and the influence of biomass burning (BB) air on marine aerosol. The study finds evidence of BBA influenced by marine boundary layer processing as well as sea salt influenced by BB air. Secondary chloride aerosols were observed in clean marine air as well as in BB-influenced air in the free troposphere. Higher volatility organic aerosol appears to be associated with increased age of biomass burning plumes, and photolysis may be a mechanism for this increased volatility. Aqueous processing and interaction with the marine boundary layer air may be a mechanism for the presence of sodium on many aged potassium salts. By number, biomass burning potassium salts and modified sea salts are the most observed particles on filter samples. These results suggest that atmospheric processing such as photolysis and cloud processing, rather than BB fuel type, has a major role in the elemental composition and morphology of aged BBA.
Data Assimilation of Volcanic Aerosols using FALL3D+PDAF
Authors: Mingari Leonardo , Folch Arnau , Prata Andrew T. , Pardini Federica , Macedonio Giovanni , Costa Antonio
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Modelling atmospheric dispersal of volcanic ash and aerosols is becoming increasingly valuable for assessing the potential impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions on infrastructures, air quality, and aviation. Management of volcanic risk and reduction of aviation impacts can strongly benefit from quantitative forecasting of volcanic ash. However, an accurate prediction of volcanic aerosol concentrations using numerical modelling relies on proper estimations of multiple model parameters which are prone to errors. Uncertainties in key parameters such as eruption column height, physical properties of particles or meteorological fields, represent a major source of error affecting the forecast quality. The availability of near-real-time geostationary satellite observations with high spatial and temporal resolutions provides the opportunity to improve forecasts in an operational context by incorporating observations into numerical models. Specifically, ensemble-based filters aim at converting a prior ensemble of system states into an analysis ensemble by assimilating a set of noisy observations. Previous studies dealing with volcanic ash transport have demonstrated that a significant improvement of forecast skill can be achieved by this approach. In this work, we present a new implementation of an ensemble-based Data Assimilation (DA) method coupling the FALL3D dispersal model and the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF). The FALL3D+PDAF system runs in parallel, supports online-coupled DA and can be efficiently integrated into operational workflows by exploiting high-performance computing (HPC) resources. Two numerical experiments are considered: (i) a twin experiment using an incomplete dataset of synthetic observations of volcanic ash and, (ii) an experiment based on the 2019 Raikoke eruption using real observations of SO2 mass loading. An ensemble-based Kalman filtering technique based on the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) is used to assimilate satellite-retrieved data of column mass loading. We show that this procedure may lead to nonphysical solutions and, consequently, conclude that LETKF is not the best approach for the assimilation of volcanic aerosols. However, we find that a truncated state constructed from the LETKF solution approaches the real solution after a few assimilation cycles, yielding a dramatic improvement of forecast quality when compared to simulations without assimilation.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of aerosol particles generated from Arctic sea surface microlayer and surface seawater samples at cirrus temperatures
Authors: Wagner Robert , Ickes Luisa , Bertram Allan K. , Els Nora , Gorokhova Elena , Möhler Ottmar , Murray Benjamin J. , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Salter Matthew E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Sea spray aerosol particles are a recognised type of
ice-nucleating particles under mixed-phase cloud conditions. Entities that
are responsible for the heterogeneous ice nucleation ability include intact
or fragmented cells of marine microorganisms as well as organic matter
released by cell exudation. Only a small fraction of sea spray aerosol is
transported to the upper troposphere, but there are indications from
mass-spectrometric analyses of the residuals of sublimated cirrus particles
that sea salt could also contribute to heterogeneous ice nucleation under
cirrus conditions. Experimental studies on the heterogeneous ice nucleation
ability of sea spray aerosol particles and their proxies at temperatures
below 235 K are still scarce. In our article, we summarise previous
measurements and present a new set of ice nucleation experiments at cirrus
temperatures with particles generated from sea surface microlayer and
surface seawater samples collected in three different regions of the Arctic
and from a laboratory-grown diatom culture (Skeletonema marinoi). The particles were suspended in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud chamber and ice formation was induced by expansion cooling. We confirmed that under cirrus conditions, apart from the
ice-nucleating entities mentioned above, also crystalline inorganic salt
constituents can contribute to heterogeneous ice formation. This takes place
at temperatures below 220 K, where we observed in all experiments a strong
immersion freezing mode due to the only partially deliquesced inorganic
salts. The inferred ice nucleation active surface site densities for this
nucleation mode reached a maximum of about 5×1010 m−2
at an ice saturation ratio of 1.3. Much smaller densities in the range of
108–109 m−2 were observed at temperatures between 220 and
235 K, where the inorganic salts fully deliquesced and only the organic
matter and/or algal cells and cell debris could contribute to heterogeneous
ice formation. These values are 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those previously reported for particles generated from microlayer suspensions
collected in temperate and subtropical zones. While this difference might
simply underline the strong variability of the number of ice-nucleating entities in the sea surface microlayer across different geographical regions, we also discuss how instrumental parameters like the aerosolisation
method and the ice nucleation measurement technique might affect the comparability of the results amongst different studies.
Supersaturation, buoyancy, and deep convection dynamics
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Morrison Hugh
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Motivated by recent discussions concerning differences of convective dynamics in polluted and pristine environments, the so-called convective
invigoration in particular, this paper provides an analysis of factors affecting convective updraft buoyancy, such as the in-cloud supersaturation,
condensate and precipitation loading, and entrainment. We use the deep convective period from simulations of daytime convection development over
land discussed in our previous publications. An entraining parcel framework is used in the theoretical analysis. We show that for the specific case
considered here, finite (positive) supersaturation noticeably reduces pseudo-adiabatic parcel buoyancy and cumulative convective available potential energy (cCAPE) in the lower
troposphere. This comes from keeping a small fraction of the water vapor in a supersaturated state and thus reducing the latent heating. Such a
lower-tropospheric impact is comparable to the effects of condensate loading and entrainment in the idealized parcel framework. For the entire
tropospheric depth, loading and entrainment have a much more significant impact on the total CAPE. For the cloud model results, we compare ensemble
simulations applying either a bulk microphysics scheme with saturation adjustment or a more comprehensive double-moment scheme with supersaturation
prediction. We compare deep convective updraft velocities, buoyancies, and supersaturations from all ensembles. In agreement with the parcel
analysis, the saturation-adjustment scheme provides noticeably stronger updrafts in the lower troposphere. For the simulations predicting
supersaturation, there are small differences between pristine and polluted conditions below the freezing level that are difficult to explain by
standard analysis of the in-cloud buoyancy components. By applying the piggybacking technique, we show that the lower-tropospheric buoyancy
differences between pristine and polluted simulations come from a combination of temperature (i.e., latent heating) and condensate loading
differences that work together to make polluted buoyancies and updraft velocities slightly larger when compared to their pristine
analogues. Overall, the effects are rather small and contradict previous claims of a significant invigoration of deep convection in polluted
environments.
Exceptional loss in ozone in the Arctic winter/spring of 2019/2020
Authors: Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Feng Wuhu , Müller Rolf , Kumar Pankaj , Raj Sarath , Gopikrishnan Gopalakrishna Pillai , Roy Raina
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Severe vortex-wide ozone loss in the Arctic would expose both
ecosystems and several millions of people to unhealthy ultraviolet
radiation. Adding to these worries, and extreme events as the harbingers of
climate change, exceptionally low ozone with column values below 220 DU
occurred over the Arctic in March and April 2020. Sporadic occurrences of
low ozone with less than 220 DU at different regions of the vortex for almost
3 weeks were found for the first time in the observed history in the
Arctic. Furthermore, a large ozone loss of about 2.0–3.4 ppmv triggered by
an unprecedented chlorine activation (1.5–2.2 ppbv) matching the levels
occurring in the Antarctic was also observed. The polar processing situation
led to the first-ever appearance of loss saturation in the Arctic. Apart
from these, there were also ozone-mini holes in December 2019 and January 2020 driven by atmospheric dynamics. The large loss in ozone in the colder
Arctic winters is intriguing and demands rigorous monitoring of the region.
Laboratory evaluation of the scattering matrix of ragweed, ash, birch and pine pollens towards pollen classification
Authors: Cholleton Danaël , Bialic Émilie , Dumas Antoine , Kaluzny Pascal , Rairoux Patrick , Miffre Alain
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Pollens are nowadays recognized as one of the main atmospheric particles affecting public human health as well as the Earth's climate. In this context, an important issue concerns our ability to detect and differentiate among the existing pollen taxa. In this paper, the potential differences that may exist in light scattering by four of the most common pollen taxa, namely ragweed, birch, pine and ash, are analysed in the framework of the scattering matrix formalism at two wavelengths simultaneously (532 and 1064 nm). Interestingly, our laboratory experimental error bars are precise enough to show that these four pollens, when embedded in ambient air, exhibit different spectral and polarimetric light scattering characteristics, in the form of ten scattering matrix elements (five per wavelength), which allow identifying each separately. To end with, a simpler light scattering criterion is proposed for classifying among the four considered pollens by performing a principal component (PC) analysis, that still accounts for more than 99 % of the observed variance. We thus believe this work may open new insights for future atmospheric pollen detection.
Morphological controls on Hortonian surface runoff: An interpretation of steady-state energy patterns, maximum power states and dissipation regimes within a thermodynamic framework
Authors: Schroers Samuel , Eiff Olivier , Kleidon Axel , Scherer Ulrike , Wienhöfer Jan , Zehe Erwin
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Recent developments in hydrology have led to a new perspective on runoff processes, extending beyond the classical mass dynamics of water in a catchment. For instance, stream flow has been analysed in a thermodynamic framework, which allows the incorporation of two additional physical laws and enhances our understanding of catchments as open environmental systems. Related investigations suggested that energetic extremal principles might constrain hydrological processes, because the latter are associated with conversions and dissipation of free energy. Here we expand this thermodynamic perspective by exploring how hillslope structures at the macro- and microscale control the free energy balance of Hortonian overland flow. We put special emphasis on the transitions of surface runoff processes at the hillslope scale, as hillslopes energetically behave distinctly different in comparison to fluvial systems. To this end, we develop a general theory of surface runoff and of the related conversion of geopotential energy gradients into other forms of energy, particularly kinetic energy as the driver of erosion and sediment transport. We then use this framework at a macroscopic scale to analyse how combinations of typical hillslopes profiles and width distributions control the spatial patterns of steady-state stream power and energy dissipation along the flow path. At the microscale, we analyse flow concentration in rills and its influence on the distribution of energy and dissipation in space. Therefore, we develop a new numerical method for the Catflow model, which allows a dynamical separation of Hortonian surface runoff between a rill- and a sheet flow domain. We calibrated the new Catflow-Rill model to rainfall simulation experiments and observed overland flow in the Weiherbach catchment and found evidence that flow accumulation in rills serves as a means to redistribute energy gradients in space, therefore minimizing energy expenditure along the flow path, while also maximizing overall power of the system. Our results indicate that laminar sheet flow and turbulent rill flow on hillslopes develop to a dynamic equilibrium that corresponds to a maximum power state, and that the transition of flow from one domain into the other is marked by an energy maximum in space.
The Progressive Face of Contemporary Pakistani English Novel: A Study of Ali’s Night of the Golden Butterfly (2010)
Authors: Khan Kalsoom
Published: September 2021

The present study is based in a departure from the currently abounding academic researches into contemporary Pakistani English novel exploring the cultural and religious identity crises of the local and diasporic Pakistani characters in the wake of 9/11 which constitute a single, superstructure-related segment of the aggregate social reality. The present research aims to bring to the fore a holistic and progressive strain within this corpus. Formulating a theoretical paradigm out of Marxist literary criticism as expounded in the seminal works of Leon Trotsky and K. Damodaran, the study thematically scrutinizes the narrative of Night of the Golden Butterfly (2010) by Tariq Ali for a realistic depiction of the socio-economic and political conditions of present-day Pakistan, and the delineation of the multiple spheres of life such as the economic, political, institutional, moral and intellectual as interconnected components of the composite unit of society. The study also appraises the novel for the representation of a vision for better collective future and suggestiveness in relation to the means and modes for a radical transformation of the social order.
SAÚDE MENTAL E TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO: PERCEPÇÃO DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Paes Marcio Roberto , Kowalski Isabela Cristina da Luz , Silva Alice Costa , Paes Robson Giovani , Nimtz Miriam Aparecida
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: apreender a percepção da equipe de enfermagem de uma unidade de quimioterapia sobre os cuidados da saúde mental dos pacientes. Metodologia: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva, desenvolvida em uma unidade de quimioterapia de hospital universitário de Curitiba – Paraná. Incluiu-se como participantes quatro enfermeiros, três técnicos de enfermagem e três auxiliares de enfermagem. Obtiveram-se os dados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada gravada e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: emergiram-se após a análise, as categorias temáticas: Cuidados de enfermagem em saúde mental aos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico; Dificuldades encontradas pela equipe de enfermagem no cuidado em saúde mental e Reconhecimento dos transtornos mentais nos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Verificou-se o comprometimento dos participantes com o cuidado geral dos pacientes. Constatou-se dificuldades para desenvolver cuidados específicos em saúde mental devido ao déficit de conhecimento na temática. Admitiu-se pelos participantes a necessidade de capacitação profissional aos cuidados nas dimensões psíquicas e emocionais. Conclusão: reconhece-se a necessidade de aprimorar os conhecimentos e a sensibilização dos profissionais acerca dos cuidados aos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico e com alterações emocionais e psíquicas.
VULNERABILIDADE DO TRABALHADOR RURAL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Mendonça Katiane Da Silva , Torres Barbara Vitória dos Santos , Oliveira Juliana Barbosa Valdevino de , Gusmão Beatriz Rodrigues , Nascimento Roberta Zaninelli do
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: abordar diante da literatura a vulnerabilidade do trabalhador rural em tempos de pandemia do COVID-19. Método: trata-se de uma análise qualitativa, através da revisão integrativa realizada no período de maio de 2020, a partir da seguinte questão: "Houve aumento da vulnerabilidade do trabalhador rural em tempos de pandemia" ?. Uma pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Sistema de Análise e Recuperação de Literatura Médica Online (MEDLINE) e da Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO). Resultados: foram encontrados artigos quatorze, mas apenas quatro foram relevantes ao estudo. Um dos setores mais afetados com isolamento social foi a agricultura familiar, como o setor pesqueiro. Conclusão: o isolamento social é uma medida de saúde pública indispensável, mas afeta os determinantes e condicionantes da saúde relacionados a pequenos agricultores, pescadores e marisqueiros uma vez ocorre drástica redução ou nulidade da avaliação de renda das famílias, sendo praticada por empresas públicas de assistência a essa população .  Descritores: Agricultores; COVID-19; Pandemias; Saúde do Trabalhador; Trabalhadores Rurais; Vulnerabilidade Social.
A QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS APÓS ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL
Authors: Procópio Gabriel Brito , Casarin Roberson Geovani , Santos Jessiane Pereira , Campos Ana Cristina Viana
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: investigar o impacto do AVC na qualidade de vida de idosos do Centro Integrado da Pessoa Idosa de Marabá (CIPIM). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória realizada por meio de entrevista com idosos que sofreram AVC residentes no CIPIM. Do total de idosos residentes, três foram selecionados para a entrevista. Foi utilizado duas perguntas norteadoras “Após o AVC houve mudanças em sua vida no dia a dia?” e “Como você avalia a sua qualidade de vida hoje?”. Suplementarmente, foi utilizada a classificação categorizada em escores do WHOQOL-OLD entre 14,1 e 20. Resultados: os discursos dos idosos, revelam uma representação lógica perceptiva em 3 etapas/fases: “o início do envelhecimento e o AVC”; “sequelas e limitações físicas após o AVC” e “a qualidade de vida dos idosos após AVC”. Os entrevistados E1, E2, E3 tiveram escores de qualidade de vida semelhantes: 10,3 (baixa), 10,0 (baixa) e 13,1 (média), respectivamente. Conclusão: Os impactos que o AVC causa, desde o início do acometimento, é um processo onde a participação direta dos profissionais de saúde, familiares e amigos que acolhem idosos em situações de vulnerabilidade social são mecanismos fundamentais para a recuperação, reabilitação e melhoria da qualidade de vida após o AVC.
A PERCEPÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS SOBRE A ASSISTÊNCIA RECEBIDA NO PRÉ-NATAL
Authors: Bezerra Tamires Barbosa , De Oliveira Camila Almeida Neves
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de puérperas atendidas em um Centro de Parto Normal, sobre a assistência recebida no pré-natal. Método: pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um Centro de Parto Normal, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, com 16 puérperas, e, os resultados submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Obteve a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, mediante CAAE: 21379919.3.0000.5037. Resultados: na ótica das puérperas, o atendimento pré-natal viabilizou a construção de vínculo com a equipe de saúde, através de uma assistência humanizada, prevalecendo a satisfação com a assistência recebida na gestação. No entanto, o estudo sinalizou a existência de fragilidades no tocante ao acesso às unidades de saúde e ao tempo de espera para a realização dos exames solicitados no pré-natal. Conclusão: é preciso avançar para alcançar efetivamente a qualidade da assistência pré-natal e aprimorar as práticas profissionais da atenção primária, para atender às expectativas das mulheres durante a assistência no período gravídico. Descritores: Percepção; Assistência à Saúde; Cuidado Pré-natal; Período Pós-parto; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Satisfação dos Usuários. Descriptors: Perception; Health Assistance; Prenatal Care; Postpartum Period; Primary Health Care; User Satisfaction. Descriptores: Percepción; Asistencia Sanitaria; Cuidado Prenatal; Período Posparto; Primeros Auxilios; Satisfacción del Usuario.
Pulmonary and Inspiratory Muscle Function Response to a Mountain Ultramarathon
Authors: Martinez-Navarro Ignacio , Collado Eladio , Hernando Bárbara , Hernando Carlos
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to provide within-race data on the time course of pulmonary function during a mountain ultramarathon (MUM). Additionally, we wanted to assess possible sex differences regarding pre- to post-race change in pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function. Lastly, we were interested in evaluating whether changes in respiratory function were associated with relative running speed and due to general or specific fatigue. 47 athletes (29 males and 18 females; 41 ± 5 years) were submitted to a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before a 107-km MUM. Spirometric variables: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF); maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP); squat jump (SJ) and handgrip strength (HG) were assessed before and after the race. Additionally PEF was measured at three aid stations (33rd, 66th and 84th km) during the race. PEF declined from the 33rd to the 66th km (p = 0.004; d = 0.72) and from the 84th km to the finish line (p = 0.003; d = 0.90), while relative running speed dropped from the first (0-33 km) to the second (33-66 km) race section (p < 0.001; d = 1.81) and from the third (66-84 km) to the last race section (p < 0.001; d = 1.61). Post-race, a moderate reduction was noted in FVC (-13%; p < 0.001; d = 0.52), FEV1 (-19.5%; p < 0.001; d = 0.65), FEV1/FVC (-8.4%; p = 0.030; d = 0.59), PEF (-20.3%; p < 0.001; d = 0.58), MIP (-25.3%; p < 0.001; d = 0.79) and SJ (-31.6%; p < 0.001; d = 1.42). Conversely, HG did not change from pre- to post-race (-1.4%; p = 0.56; d = 0.05). PEF declined during the race in parallel with running speed drop. No sex differences were noted regarding post-race respiratory function, except that FEV1/FVC decay was significantly greater among women. The magnitude of pre- to post-race respiratory function decline was uncorrelated with relative running speed.
القاعدة الفقهية، وصناعة العقل الاجتهادي
Authors:   طالب باحث دكتوراه، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية والفنون، جامعة محمد الأول، وجدة، المملكة المغربية, المسعودي محمد
Published: September 2021

الشريعة الإسلامية سمحة في نصوصها، مرنة في أحكامها، واضحة في غاياتها، ورغم أن نصوص الشريعة الإسلامية مقدسة، ومحفوظة فإنها ليست جامدة، ومن هنا أتاحت للعقل البشري مساحة واسعة للتفكير الإبداعي، والاستنباطي. لكن الاجتهاد في نصوص الشريعة الإسلامية له قواعد، وضوابط. وصناعة العقل الشرعي المستطيع على الاجتهاد، والاستنباط هو الغاية من دراسة العلوم الشرعية، وتكوين هذا العقل تتدخل فيه مجموعة من المؤهلات النفسية ككمال العقل، وكمال حواس الإدراك، وسلامتها من النقص، والعاهات المانعة من الفكر، والتدبر، والمؤهلات العلمية: كالمعارف اللغوية، والشرعية، والعقلية، سواء أكانت هذه المعارف من الوسائل التي بها يتم الفهم، والتدبر، والرد، والاستنباط، أم كانت من المقاصد، وأصول الشريعة الإسلامية التي يستند عليها لبناء الملكة الاجتهادية كثيرة، ومتنوعة، والقاعدة الفقهية، وهي حجة عند كثير من الفقهاء في الاستدلال، والاستنباط ألا تعتبر من ركائز ذلك البناء؟
واقع البطالة المقنعة والتنمية المستدامة في القطاع العام القطري (دراسة ميدانية)
Authors:   ماجستير الإدارة العامة، معهد الدوحة للدراسات العليا، كلية الإدارة العامة واقتصاديات التنمية، دولة قطر, صادق سباء
Published: September 2021

تَنُصُّ رؤية قطر الوطنية 2030 على العنصر البشري كركيزة أساسية من ركائز الرؤية الأساسية والتي طالما لا تنتهض ولا تعمر المجتمعات والدول دونها، وتتطلب التنمية البشرية في دولة قطر تأسيساً قوياً قادراً على مجابهة قوى التغيير المختلفة التي تتطلبها التنمية الاقتصادية من تنوع اقتصادي متكامل، يُمَكِّنُنا من التخلص من الاعتماد الأحادي على مصادر النفط والغاز، وفي مقابل تلك الرؤية الطموحة تمتلك دولة قطر ثروة بشرية شابة ذات طاقة تؤهلها على العطاء والارتقاء بمؤسساتها لتحقيق رؤيتها بصورة متمكنة، وتكمن إشكالية البحث في واقع مؤسسات القطاع العام القطري وتحديداً في ظاهرة البطالة المقنعة التي تحول دون تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، لذلك يسلط البحث الضوء على مصادر الخلل في العملية الحاصلة في المورد البشري القطري، من حالة الركود وانخفاض الإنتاجية في مؤسساته، ومعاناته من شعور عدم الإيمان بقدراته وإنجازاته وتفضيل المورد البشري الأجنبي، فتتلخص أهمية البحث من النَّاحية الأكاديمية العلمية في مساهمة نتائج الدراسة في التَّراكم المعرفي لظاهرة البطالة المقنعة والتنمية المستدامة في القطاع العام القطري ومعرفة الواقع، نظراً لقلة الدِّراسات التي تتعرض لهذا الموضوع، ومن النَّاحية التَّطبيقية العملية فإن نتائج الدِّراسة ستساعد متخذي القرارات على وضع إستراتيجية مناسبة للتَّعامل مع قوانين العمل الخاصة بسياسات الترشح والتعيين، وأيضاً تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة واقع البطالة المقنعة والتنمية المستدامة في القطاع العام القطري، ودراسة العلاقة والأثر بينهما، والخروج بنتائج وتوصيات تخدم أصحاب القرار، في هذه الدراسة سوف نعتمد على المنهج النوعي الذي يعتمد على المصادر الثانوية من المعلومات المنشورة والمتاحة وكذلك على التقارير والدراسات السياسية والأكاديمية وغيرها، وفي المقابل سيتم الاعتماد على المقابلات لمصادر المعلومات الأولية لزيادة الصلاحية الداخلية للبحث وكذلك الصلاحية الخارجية، ويتلخص سؤال البحث في: إلى أي مدى تسهم البطالة المقنعة في تثبيط عملية التنمية المستدامة في القطاع العام القطري؟
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases in School-Age Athletes in Southwest of Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Keleş Şennur , Filiz Serkan , Erarslan Ali , Arslan Gufat , Bakkal Muhammed Furkan
Published: September 2021

Objective: The prevalence and the risk factors influencing allergic disorders in amateur athletes are still poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of the common allergic disorders in school aged athletes compared with the general population in southwest of Turkey. Methods: Using the “International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase I” questionnaire, 714 athletes aged 7-18 and 325 age-matched healthy controls were examined. Risk factors that would affect the prevalence were evaluated with the questions given in addition to this questionnaire. Results: In the athlete group, the prevalence of existing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema was lower than controls [(3.8%) and (16.3%), respectively, p<0.001], [(18.7%) and (42.1%)], respectively, p <0.001] and [(5.5%) and (10.5%), respectively, p<0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that in the athlete population, a previously known allergy increased risk of curent wheezing (odds ratio [OR] =5.3; confidence interval, [CI]=1.8-15.4), current allergic rhinitis ([OR]=2.8; [CI]=1.3-6.2), and current eczema [OR]=4.5; [CI]=1.1-17.1). Familial atopy increased risk of current allergic rhinitis (OR=2.2; CI=0.9-4.9), and current eczema ([OR] = 6.6; [CI]=1.7-25.7). Conclusion: This study is the first prevalence study using the ISAAC method in school-age sports children in southwestern Turkey. Unlike adults, the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema was found to be lower than controls of the same age. It is thought that sports and spending more time outdoors in children reduce allergic inflammation.
Prevalence of Ocular Abnormalities in Term Infants
Authors: Daldal Hatice , Türkyılmaz Mustafa , Salış Oğuzhan , Yiğit Musa , Ekim Mustafa Muhterem
Published: September 2021

Objective: To exhibit the results of routine ophthalmologic screening in infants between 0-1 years of age referred to the ophthalmology clinic from the departments of pediatrics and family medicine. Method: Referred to the ophthalmology clinic between August 2014 and November 2019, 11196 eyes of 5598 term infants were retrospectively investigated in the study, and all participants were ophthalmologically examined at 1st, 6th, and 12th months of age. Infants’ pupils were dilated with 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. On examination, eye and face symmetries were evaluated with inspection, fixation, and ocular tracking. Pupil responses and motility were evaluated with the light source. While the red reflex test was evaluated using a direct ophthalmoscope, fundus was assessed through an indirect ophthalmoscope. Results: Congenital cataract (6), congenital glaucoma (3), strabismus (81), epiphora (426), non-specific retinal hemorrhages (42) and retinal pigmentation changes (10), coloboma (4) (one eyelid, four iris, one optical disc and three chorioretinal), optic disc abnormalities (3), congenital ptosis (13) (unilateral in 12 patients and bilateral in one patient), corneal dysgenesis (2) and microphthalmia (3) were determined in 11196 eyes of 5598 infants (2709 females, 2889 males). Conclusion: Perinatal ophthalmologic screening program is likely to diagnose several diseases earlier, such as congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma, strabismus, corneal opacities, causing vision losses in infants. Treatment options are available, and some diseases can be treated due to early intervention. Early treatment can also eliminate the problems precluding the development of complex visual ability continuing in perinatal period. Consequently, final visual acuity may be increased.
Retrospective Analysis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Children and Adolescents: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Tunç Selma , Özkan Behzat
Published: September 2021

Objective: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and the most common cause of goiter and acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents in regions devoid of endemic iodine deficiency. In this study, it was aimed to examine the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and autoimmune diseases accompanying Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively examined thyrotropin, free thyroxin, thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies), immunoglobulin A (IgA), anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG), and thyroid ultrasonography findings of 108 cases aged 5-18 years with positive anti-thyroid antibodies. Results: The female/male ratio was 80/28 and 68% of the patients were adolescents. The most common admission complaint was goiter. At the time of diagnosis, the cases had euthyroidism (44.4%), subclinical hypothyroidism (35%), overt hypothyroidism (16.6%), and hyperthyroidism (3.7%). Goiter was detected in 58 (53.7%) cases by thyroid ultrasonography. During the follow-up, overt hypothyroidism developed in 6 patients who had subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism developed in 8 patients who had euthyroidism. All patients with hyperthyroidism became euthyroid. Levothyroxine treatment was administered to 47 (43.5%) patients. Celiac disease was detected in 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus in 1 patient. Conclusions: The prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis increases with age both in childhood and adolescence, and thyroid functions tend to deteriorate over time. Therefore, close follow-up and appropriate treatment are important. Although the prevalence of celiac disease is higher in children and adolescents with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis compared to healthy children, the true prevalence of autoimmune diseases accompanying Hashimoto’s thyroiditis will be revealed in studies to be conducted in larger patient populations.