bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La généralisation des « prestations monétaires » en Europe
Authors: Le Bihan-Youinou Blanche
Published: October 2011

Depuis les années 1990, l'introduction ou le développement de dispositifs visant à proposer aux personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie des prestations monétaires –dispositifs de cash for care – semblent se généraliser dans l'ensemble des pays européens. Si l'un des principaux arguments avancés pour défendre ce type de dispositif est celui du libre choix qu'il offre aux familles quant à l'organisation de la prise en charge de leur(s) parent(s) âgé(s), la situation est beaucoup plus complexe et ambigüe. Cet article interroge l'impact des prestations monétaires dans différents pays européens en s'intéressant aux processus de familialisation et défamilialisation du care et souligne l'importance de la contextualisation et de la régulation de tels dispositifs.
Dire la vieillesse et les vieux
Authors: Trincaz Jacqueline , Puijalon Bernadette , Humbert Cédric
Published: October 2011

DESCRIBING OLD AGE AND OLDER PEOPLE Every language has its own way of describing ageing, old age and older people. Looking for other descriptions is only interesting if done in relation to cultural representations, time perception or social organisation, the allocation of status and roles. The system of thought and behaviour, which on the other hand is not fixed in any particular society, both feeds and feeds-on ways of describing ageing.
Vivre et dire la vieillesse à plus de 90 ans, se sentir vieillir mais ne pas être vieux
Authors: Balard Frédéric
Published: October 2011

Définir la vieillesse n’est pas chose aisée car cette notion varie en fonction des sociétés et des représentations culturelles. Si la santé, la fonctionnalité (pouvoir effectuer normalement les tâches coutumières assignées aux adultes), l’autonomie et la sécurité sont des attributs apparemment transculturels autour desquels on analyse le vieillissement et l’entrée dans la vieillesse, ils ne suffisent pas à définir toutes les facettes du « vieux ». À travers l’analyse du discours et du vécu de nonagénaires et centenaires français, cet article propose d’explorer la vieillesse et de voir en quoi il est possible, à plus de 90 ans, de se sentir vieillir sans être vieux.
Development of a Mesh Generation Code with a Graphical Front-End
Authors: Carver Jeffrey
Published: October 2011

Scientists and engineers are increasingly developing software to enable them to do their work. A number of characteristics differentiate the software development environment in which a scientist or engineer works from the development environment in which a more traditional business/IT software developer works. This paper describes a case study, specifically about the development of a mesh-generation code. The goal of this case study was to understand the process for developing the code and identify some lessons learned that can be of use to other similar teams. Specifically, the paper reports on lessons learned concerning: requirements evolution, programming language choice, methods of communication among teammates, and code structure.
Does Agriculture Responds Asymmetrically to Oil Price Change
Authors: Wang Li Hong , Wang Bao Guo , Liu Gui Feng , Tian Zhi Hong
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the impact of the rise and decline of the oil prices on the agricultural diesel prices, and interviews the reasons and effects. The results show that the rise of the oil price is the major factor that impacts on diesel price change, that is to say, the price of diesel oil price goes up with the rise of oil price, however, it does not fall with the decline of oil price in short term. Possible explanations for these results are offered. The most important one is that the monopoly market structure of agricultural diesel and oil is the main reason why the agricultural diesel price responds asymmetrically to oil price change. And it gives some advice to find out a way to cope with the inconsistency between agricultural production and the oil price.
Research on Wind Energy Applications in Ocean Shipping
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Sun Pei Ting , Shi Chang Feng
Published: October 2011

Due to the world's energy shortage and increasing pressure on marine environmental protection, using solar and wind energy in ocean-going ships to reduce fuel consumption has become an international focus. At first this paper tests and analyzes aerodynamic characteristics of wing, and then ship model oblique towing test is conducted under different typical working conditions. Finally, the thesis analyzes the stability of ships which are equipped with additional wings in three different ocean-going cargo ships and provides security analysis basis for using sail-assist technology in ocean-going cargo vessels.
Based on Heating Network Load Forecasting of Steam Measurement Monitoring System
Authors: Xu Zhi Ling , Li Fei Biao , Li Zhi Fei
Published: October 2011

With the development of urban central heating, remote monitoring technology plays an important role in the heating network monitoring, control and management. The system, which uses the remote transmission manner of data radio, collects steam parameters from every steam-using corporation and sends them to the monitoring center of thermoelectricity plant, then analyses and disposes the data through the monitoring software of LabVIEW, brings forward a heating network load forecasting method based on wavelet and Neural network, decomposes load sequence to use wavelet packet, processes Elman network model training for subsequence, and recomposes the load forecasting results.
Situation on of Purifying and Comprehensive Utilizing Mineral Processing Lead Wastewater and its Development Trend in Nonferrous Metal Ore Mining
Authors: Chen Wen Bin
Published: October 2011

In this study, the affecting factors order of Pb2 + adsorbing Co3O4 is: the initial concentration > time> temperature> pH, under the conditions that initial concentration is 150 mg / L, 30 °C, pH value is 5.5 and oscillation of 60 min, the absorption is the best. The quasi-second order kinetics model can appropriately explain dynamic process of Nano Co3O4 adsorbing Pb2+, and the Langmuir equation can be the best explanation of isothermal adsorption processs. Through energy spectrum and infrared spectrum, it can be found that the process of Co3O4 adsorbing Pb2+ is mainly chemical absorption process. The concentration of Pb (Ⅱ) of mine wastewater reach the first class of irrigation water quality standards after the first time of adsorption treatment, and reach the first class of fishery water quality standard after the second treatment.
Research on MPPT Technology Based on Adaptive Area Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yun Yun , Wu Jun Ji , Ying Zhan Feng
Published: October 2011

Considering the fact that when the cell temperature and solar insolation change rapidly, traditional variable step size(VSS) perturbation and observation(P&O) methods exist the defects that their tracking speed is relatively slow, there is small power oscillation around MPP(Maximum Power Point) and even some of them exist the situation of tracking unsuccessfully. This paper proposes a MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracing) technology based on adaptive area algorithm. The simulation model of PV system is established by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed method can track the MPP fast and accurately, and ensure the steady state characteristics of PV systems even when the climate conditions change rapidly. It effectively overcomes the defects of traditional variable step size perturbation and observation methods.
The Charging Control of Linearity and Repeatability for RSD Solid-State Power Supply
Authors: Fu Rong Xia , Ren Shan Shan , Fu Rong Yao
Published: October 2011

All the parametric formulas in the discontinuous current mode of CCPS are given in this paper. Due to the leakage inductance and distributed capacitance existing in the high voltage high frequency transformer, the charging current decreases as the load voltage increase. To solve the issue, a dual-mode modulation strategy between pulse frequency and pulse width modulation is taken. Finally, a capacitor charging power supply of 100V input and 1600V output is designed. The experimental results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis and modulation strategy.
Research the Planning Method of Large-Scale Wind Power Development
Authors: Wang Zhi Dong , Liu Lian Guang
Published: October 2011

This study examines the primary planning research of Chinese wind power development. In recent year, wind power in China is developed rapidly which is dealing with many challenges and risks caused by limited primary energy resources and climate changes. Facing these challenges and risks, a better planning method of wind power is essentially. This research points out planning method of wind power consumption access to power grid. Based on wind power farm size and distribution, linked to power demand requirement of the future, research will put forward a better transmission power grid planning which adapted all kinds of wind power industry base.
Characteristics of Coarse Woody Debris in Different-Age Natural Larix gmelinii Forests in Daxing’anling Mountains
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Qiu Liang , Li Xiao Mei , Bao Chun Sheng , Gao Xiao Wei
Published: October 2011

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is composed of dry wood, fallen wood and large branches, and it is an important element for structure and function in forest ecosystems. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of coarse woody debris (CWD) of natural Larix gmelinii forests with different ages in Daxing’anling Mountains. The results show that (1) the CWD volumes in near-mature, middle-age and young forests are 88.55 m3•hm-2, 52.07 m3•hm-2 and 3.96 m3•hm-2, respectively; and their biomasses are 52.96 t•hm-2, 36.22 t•hm-2 and 2.35t•hm-2, respectively. Which indicate that the CWD volumes and biomasses increase with forest ages addition; (2) The CWD volume and biomass follow normal distribution in middle and near-mature forest; (3) the CWD volume and biomass decrease with forest age increasing within decay classes I and II, whereas increase in decay classes III, IVand V; (4) the volume of middle-age and young forests present a near normal distribution with decay class increasing.
Second Law Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery Steam Generator with Variable Working Condition Flue Gas
Authors: Zhang Chun Lin , Chen Eng Jian , Wang Bo Guang
Published: October 2011

In the present paper the design and performance of a waste heat recovery steam generator with variable gas flux is investigated based on second law. A method to calculate temperature and mass flow rate for design is proposed. The effects of the operating parameters and the structure parameters on the average entropy generation number are analyzed. The results show: (i) the average entropy generation number (Ns) decreases with the increase of no-dimensional heat capacities ratio and no-dimensional saturation temperature difference ratio; (ii) compare with the fluctuation of mass flow, fluctuation of temperature has larger effect on the Ns.; (iii) A larger steam parameter is suggested in order to decrease the entropy generation based on reasonable temperature difference and it is appropriate for the number of transfer units of the evaporator and economizer to be 2.5~3.
Research on the Coordinated Development of Wind Power and Grid in China
Authors: Yin Ming , Ge Xu Bo , Zhang Yi Bin
Published: October 2011

Wind power, strong and smart grid (SSG), analysis model, coordinated development Abstract. Chinese wind power industry has been experiencing a booming development in recent years and will keep the strong momentum of development through 2020. Some key problems are facing China’s wind power industry, which requires the innovation in technology and management. Fortunately, China is constructing Strong and Smart Grid which addresses the development of renewables. In this scenario, after analyzing some major wind-power related bottlenecks in China, the paper gives an in-depth introduction to the Strong and Smart Grid strategy. Finally, the paper presents a novel model for studying the coordinated development of wind power and grid.
Study on Continuous Predicting Technology of Outburst Based on Gas Emission Indexes in Excavation Face
Authors: Zhang Hong Zhen , He Yuan
Published: October 2011

Through researches, erecting the method to predict gas outburst with the continuity of gas emission and determining the predicting indexes and the critical value can increase the continuity and reliability of predicting outbursts, realize the dynamic predication of the outburst in excavation face and avoid it take place, which is suitable for the need of the efficiency and safety mining.
Solar-Coal Hybrid Thermal Power Generation in China
Authors: Hou Hong Juan , Mao Jian , Zhou Chuan Wen , Zhang Min Xing
Published: October 2011

Coal is presently the largest source of electricity in China, with the increasing demand for electricity, the problems of environment pollution become more and more severe. In order to solve the problems, all options for power generation by new and renewable energies are enjoying growing attention in recent years. China has abundant solar energy resources and large wasteland areas, which makes China an ideal country for solar thermal power generation development. However, its present higher costs for China made it difficult to promote large-scale. Under this condition solar hybrid with coal thermal power generation becomes the best solution of the problem. In this paper, the feasibility of solar hybrid with coal thermal power generation in China was analyzed from the aspects of environment, policy, investment risk and economics.
General Equilibrium Analysis of Developing Clean and Low-Carbonized Coal-Fired Power Technologies in China
Authors: Li Ai Jun , Li Zheng
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the effects of clean and low-carbonized development of coal-fired power industry in China by a hybrid CGE model, which links the engineering sub-model with an energy CGE model and an energy balance sub-model. According to the calculation results, the current environmental protection target of coal-fired power industry of China should center on developing and spreading high-efficient denitrifization technology, mercury removal technology should be gradually combined with desulfurization and denitrifization technology in mid-long term, and carbon capture and storage technology should be introduced in long-term.
Numerical Simulation on the Temperature Distribution and Transferred Heat of Floor Heating
Authors: Fan Hong Ming , Zhang Dan , Liu Hui Min , Yin Zhi Fang
Published: October 2011

As a late-model heating technique, radiant floor heating is much more energy-efficient as compared to the conventional air-conditioning system. For the sake of inner temperature distribution of the configuration, a steady three-dimensional model was performed based on the CFD software--CFX. On the basis of temperature distribution of the radiant floor, the total quantity of heat transferred can be calculated. It is observed that most heat quantity of heating water transferred to the concrete packing layer and the floor so as to heat the room.
Property Rights and China's Economic Development
Authors: Yu Hua , Ying Huang
Published: October 2011

The nature of market transactions is the change of the main property rights, the core system of market economy is the property right. In 1960, Coase pulished “The Problem of Social Cost”,it inspired economists’ enthusiasm to property rights, and summarized the coase theorem. Clear property rights is the precondition of the market, and to define property by the government ofen has scale economy and violence advantage. Property rights include real rights and human rights, The real right is the derivation of human rights. Clear property is the real power to promote social and economic development, and the goals of social and economic development is development and improvement of the property.
Modeling and Simulation of Three Phase Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Generation System
Authors: Lei Jin Yong , Dong Xu Zhu , Wu Hong Bin
Published: October 2011

According to the principle of photovoltaic(PV) grid-connected generation, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and grid-connected control strategy were presented in this paper. Based on the V-I characteristic curve of photovoltaic array, it built the mathematic model of photovoltaic array and the MPPT algorithm. Through adopting the double-loop feedback control strategy, it achieved the unit power factor control. Lastly, with the example system, it implemented the simulations analysis including the sunlight changing and the temperature changing. The simulation results show that the proposed models and the control strategy are correct.
Research on Methods of Reactive Compensation for Unbalanced Current in Three-Phase Four-Wire Low-Voltage Distribution System
Authors: Zhu Xue Ling , Cao Wen Si , Zhou Xiao Ming
Published: October 2011

Different condition of unbalanced current of three-phase four-wire low-voltage distribution system is analysed in this paper. The model of unbalanced reactive power compensation is built which is fit for the three-phase four-wire system ,Using phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth capacitance or inductance can transfer active power. Control the neutral current to be zero and three-phase current balanced by means of reactive power compensation. A compensating phase judgment approach is presented, the mathematic model of calculating phase current, phase compensating capacity line current and line-to-line compensating capacity is gave. Simulation result of physical system shows that the neutral current can be controlled to be zero and the phase current balanced. It substantiate that this compensation method is valid and optimize the operation condition of loads.
Capture of CO2 by [bmim]PF6 Ionic Liquid under Normal Temperature and Pressure Conditions
Authors: Li Qiang Wei , Zhao Yi , Wang Li Dong
Published: October 2011

Subscript textCO2 emission control is an important issue, in which chemical absorption process has reached the widest application. Ionic liquid is a kind of green solvent and expected to take the place of traditional amine absorbents as for its better characteristics. In this paper, two iminazole base ionic liquids were synthesized, including of bromide 1-butyl-3-methylimidazo ([bmim]Br) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6). The performance of CO2 absorption by [bmim]PF6 and [bmim]Br were compared under the same other conditions. Subscript textIt indicates that [bmim]PF6 has more absorption capacity and less saturated absorption time under low temperature, which provides reference for CO2 control by ionic liquid.
Research on the Combustion Characteristics of Small-Scaled Ethanol Pool Fire of Different Aspect Ratios
Authors: Kuang Cui Peng , Li Yuan Zhou , Zhu Shi , Mao Shao Hua
Published: October 2011

Four groups of small-scaled ethanol pool fire experiment with different aspect-ratio(s) is undertaken, to gauge the mass loss rate of fuel as well as the plume centerline temperature distribution. Comparison of plume centerline temperature is made between the theoretical values estimated by Heskestad plume model and experimental results, which indicates that: with the increasing of s, the difference between theoretical values and experimental values tend to grow greater; and when s≈1, theoretical values and experimental values cohere well.
Mathematical Model and Numerical Simulation of the Concrete Regenerator
Authors: Qiu Zhong Zhu , Gong Shao Lin , Li Peng , Guo Wen Wen
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the mathematical model of Concrete Thermal Storage Element was introduced, then simulation software FLUENT was used to simulate Concrete Thermal Storage Elements of different cross sections, square, triangle, hexagon and test model. According to the simulation results, the hexagon section regenerator gets the best performance of heat storage, followed by the test model, square section regenerator is the third one, and last is triangle section regenerator.
The Design of Programmable Time Controller of Short-Circuit Experiment Based on the ARM Microprocessor
Authors: Liu Jian Feng , Luo Ping Ping , Zhang Guang Qing
Published: October 2011

Dynamic simulation is an important technical means to study the physical power system stable operation. During the study of short-circuit experiments of dynamic simulation, fault duration and load switching timing is an important technical parameters, which is an important part of the dynamic simulation experiment. The Programmable Time Controller of Short-circuit Experiment (PTCSE) based on ARM-Microprocessor is designed, in which μC / OS-II real-time operating system for embedded is used. According to the Shanghai University of Electric Power dynamic simulation laboratory the specific circumstances of the console, the variety of functions is to be implemented such as input pulse fast response, programming controlling output pulse and other functions, which takes full advantage of the ARM-Microprocessor controller high speed, multitasking management, etc. Laboratory tests showed that the TCS moves quickly, reliably, and meets the requirement of qualitative and quantitative analysis of failure phenomenon, therefore the controller has practical value.
The Technological Innovation Evolution of Biopharmaceutical Industry: From Organizational Ecology’s Perspectives
Authors: Li Xi Nan
Published: October 2011

The biopharmaceutical industry, a high-tech dependence industry in china, is expanding rapidly. From the view of organizational ecology, the biopharmaceutical industry innovation population is qualitatively analyzed from aspects of innovative enterprises and achievements, which provide the evolution laws of two subpopulations. Then, the paper takes empirical study respectively on the two subpopulations with the contagion model and the density dependence model. Finally, this paper provides some syllogistic proposals in order to promote this industry to develop in a good way.
The Research on Solid-State Fermentation Technology of Fuel Ethanol Using in Straw
Authors: Qiu Yi , Huang Yong Hong , Sun Yu Kun , Huang Li , Cheng Hao
Published: October 2011

Based on the introduction of the major problems in solid-state fermentation of straw to produce fuel ethanol and its development direction, this paper systematically discuss the process that currently used.Through analyzing the characteristics of all phases such as pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation and so on,we put forward a new kind of process scheme. In this process, we use a mixed method which combined dilute sulfuric acids with steam explosion pretreatment method, after water washing, adopt the method of synchronized saccharification solid-state fermentation,by adding pichia and cellulase enzyme hydrolysis,and we can get ethanol solution at the same time of enzyme hydrolysis. Then through filtered, purified, denatured and so on, at last, we get the fuel ethanol. The equipment that this process requires is simple, and its fermentation have high efficiency high and low energy consumption.
The Comprehensive Way for City Rubbish Disposing
Authors: Li Bao Hua , Cao Kun Zhi
Published: October 2011

The current exsiting studies on city rubbish mainly focus on the following three areas: the environment science area, the management science area and the economy science area. The exploration into the problem of city rubbish from the aspect of city planning theory would shed sight on our better understanding of the issue of city rubbish. In the following study, we will use the classification of city function theory, the basic urban design theory, the region planning theory, as well as some theories in economics and social sciences. The methods used in the study include the disassembling of complex problems, using the system projecting theory,conducting the on-the-spot investigation, and distributing questionnaire. The present study aims to find the effect of the appropriately classified city function on the solving of city rubbish problem, to utilize the rubbish disposing facilities with region planning theory, and appeal people to realize the effect of district space on city rubbish in the progress of urban design. The overall and most important purpose of this study is to decrease the amount of rubbish to be produced, to recycle the rubbish, and make people live more safely and comfortably.
Study on the Dust Removal and Desulfuration Equipment with Wet Method for Ceramic Industrial Spray Drying Tower
Authors: Huang Zhi Cheng
Published: October 2011

For the lack of the dust removal and desulphurization equipment for ceramic industrial spray drying tower, we developed a new type of dust removal and desulphurization equipment, It uses four ways and seven grades remove dust, with double-barrel structure and self- clean system, and it can keep the ability of dust removal for a long time. Practice has proved that the equipment is cost low, easy maintenance, high efficiency, and with great promotion prospects.
The Assessment Index System of Low-Carbon City Development
Authors: Song Lei , Li Feng
Published: October 2011

The purpose of the research was to establish an index analysis system for evaluating the low-carbon cities development. DPSIR model was adopted to build an index system for low-carbon city evaluation. In this research, two different approaches were adopted for the empirical analysis of low-carbon city development evaluation. The one approach was DPSIR model for building an index system of low-carbon city evaluation; the other was the Factor Analysis which was introduced to calculate the weight of factors and evaluate low-carbon development in Yangtze River Delta. The results disclosed that the technology factor took account more weight in “driving force” index, the resource consumption factor play more important role in “pressure” index; the weight of exhaust emission factor was equal to the social low-carbon level factor in “state” index. The conclusion of empirical research was that the cities such as Yancheng, Wuxi, and Suzhou had higher scores, but the low-carbon city development in Zhejiang province was better than the cities in Jiangsu province and Shanghai area.
The Analysis of Prospect for Low-Carbon Technology in China’s Steel Industry
Authors: Wu Bo , Zeng Wei Hua , Sun Jian
Published: October 2011

While production of China's steel industry sharply growing, it also has made remarkable progress in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, compared with the developed countries, Low-carbon technology in China's steel industry has a large gap. It is current situation of our country steel industry, that technology and equipment of our country steel industry is behind, and high energy consumption, through the research on the development trend of low-carbon technology in China's steel industry and the low-carbon technology can be focused on in the future, the new international Low-carbon technologies in steel industry were reviewed, and the principal thinking of reducing CO2 emission of steel industry be offered. The Low-carbon technology level can be improved through the introduction of technology and international cooperation or multinational research.
The Analysis of the Generalized Carbon-Productivity in China’s Sub-Industrial Sectors
Authors: Gao Wen Jing , Zhao Guo Hao
Published: October 2011

As an energy-intensive sector, industrial sector is the subject of carbon emissions. The changes of the sector profoundly affect the pattern of China's overall carbon productivity. Based on DEA method, this paper calculated the generalized carbon-productivity from 2004-2009 of China’s sub-industrial sectors, and then decomposed their changes. The results indicate: 1. the overall carbon-productivity of China’s sub-industrial sectors was low, and there is an internal imbalance; 2.the low carbon-productivity is mainly due to the low technical efficiency and scale inefficiency.
Treatment of Chemical Production Wastewater Containing Fluorine with Two Kinds of Fluidized Bed Reactor by Induced Crystallization
Authors: Wang Shu Jiang , Liu Da Yong , Zhang Hong Gang , Sun Zhi Qiang
Published: October 2011

Keywords: Fluidized bed；Bubbling bed；Induced crystallization；Fluoride removal；Quartz sands Abstract: Through establishing two kinds of experimental device, regular bed and bubbling fluidized bed, it researched the treatment process of producing fluorine-containing wastewater in the method of chemical-induced crystallization. Taking a way of continuous flow, ordinary fluidized bed continuous flow approach measured the amount of fluoride crystals and the treatment effect. Using intermittent operation, bubbling fluidized bed measured the amount of fluoride crystal and the treatment effect. The results show that: ordinary fluidized bed treatment effect worse than the bubbling fluidized bed. Bubbling fluidized bed in a short time large amount of fluoride crystals, can be a lot of fluoride to fluoride content of waste water treatment 10mg / L or less. The technical processing speed, good effect, the reaction vessel is small, simple device, easy to control, with good prospects for practical application.
Synthesis of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Intercalated Layered Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite as Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitor
Authors: Yu Shu Ping , Lou Qun , Han Ke Fei , Wang Zhong Ming , Xi Ming Jun , Zhu Hong
Published: October 2011

Polyphenylene sulfide-intercalated layered manganese oxide (PPS-MnO2) nanocomposite is synthesized via the delamination/reassembling process. SEM images and XRD analysis indicate that the surface of the nanocomposite material is layered and the basal spacing of PPS-MnO2 was 1.69 nm. The maximum speciﬁc capacitance as obtained from cyclic voltammetry was 524.0 F•g−1. The speciﬁc capacitance decreases by 6% of the initial value over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 2mA•cm-2.
Study on the Restoration of Eutrophic Landscape Water by Microbe-Technology
Authors: Wang Zong Hua , Zhao Yu Bin
Published: October 2011

Some high effective microbes, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and corn-pound bacteria etc were used, to degrade pollutants of lake and the restoration characteristics were investigated. The experimental results showed that the restoration effect appeared 4 days later and got the best condition 22 days later. CODMn, NH3-N, TN, Tp and chlorophyll-a decreased rapidly and DO was improved from 7.2 mg/L to 8.5 mg/L.Ch1.-a related well to TP, CODMn, TN.
The Comparative Study of Complete Characteristic Curves of Pump’s Numerical Method
Authors: Yang Yu Si , Ma Jun , Cao Qian
Published: October 2011

This article has introduced four different numeralization methods for the Complete Characteristic Curves of Pump’s, and these methods are applied for the calculation of water hammer that caused by pump-stopping. Then by using the performance curves of pumps with different specific speeds we had compared those four methods, and determined the optimal method for the reference of related engineering and technical personnel.
System Frequency Stabilization Using Doubly Fed Induction Generators Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Xue Ying Cheng , Tai Neng Ling
Published: October 2011

The conventional decoupling controls of variable-speed doubly fed wind turbines provide minimal support to the regulation of system frequency. The characteristics of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines and conventional power plans are compared, and the contributions of DFIG to system inertial response and frequency regulation are investigated. The influence of auxiliary loop parameters on the inertial response is illustrated. We also introduce a novel algorithm to enhance the participation of DFIG in existing frequency regulation mechanisms. The proposed approach takes advantage of the fast responses associated with DFIGs. The control system consists of four functional modules, namely, frequency control, rotational speed delay recovery, speed protection, and coordination control with conventional generators. The simulation results show that the control strategy has a fast response speed to the transient frequency error, thereby proving that wind farms can participate in system frequency regulation to a certain extent.
The Establishment of Unified Coordinate System in Microtarget-Automatic-Assembly System
Authors: Li Xing Hua , Wang Hai Qiang
Published: October 2011

There are three subsystems in Microtarget-Automatic-Assembly System which is used in Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF). It is microscopic image measurement subsystem,confocal probe measurement subsystem and three-dimensional motion subsystem. It is necessary to establish a unified coordinate system in order to interact information in three subsystems and provide accurate and reliable position and attitude information for micro-operating system.Each coordinate system and its errors are analyzed in this paper.In the end,the way to establish the unified coordinate system is given. It is proved that this subsystem meets the requirements for precision.
Transmission Network Expansion Planning under Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fan Hong , Jin Yi Xiong
Published: October 2011

Improved genetic algorithm for solving the transmission network expansion planning is presented in the paper. The module which considered the investment costs of new transmission facilities. It is a large integer linear optimization problem. In this work we present improved genetic algorithm to find the solution of excellent quality. This method adopts integer parameter encoded style and has nonlinear crossover and mutation operators, owns strong global search capability. Tests are carried out using a Brazilian Southern System and the results show the good performance.
The Regulation of Grid and Motor Side Converter of DFIG in LVRT
Authors: Zhang Kan , Sun Su Juan
Published: October 2011

The most widely used generator type is the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Because of the close coupling of the generator and the gird, the stator flux of DFIG is distorted while the Grid voltage dip happens. To achieve the LVRT, the LVRT control strategy of DFIG, especially the association of gird side and rotor side converter, is discussed under gird voltage dips. Simulation and experiment have been implemented to prove the idea.
Synthesis of Coal-Water Slurry Dispersant Based on Humic Acid
Authors: Zhang Guang Hua , Hao Hao , Zhu Jun Feng
Published: October 2011

This paper focused on the preparation of the grafted modification of humic acid (HA) that was used in coal water slurry (CWS). By means of orthogonal experiment, the grafted humic acid was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA) copolymerized with humic acid, using potassium persulfate as the initiator in the reaction system. The structure of copolymer was characterized by ATR-FTIR. And then, the viscosity, liquidity, and stability of CWS used the dispersant based on the modified humic acid were determined through the CWS viscometer and tests of stability. The optimum conditions of synthesis are that the mass ratio of AA and HA is 0.35:1, dosage of initiator is 5%, reaction temperature of is 75°C, reaction time is 2.0h. Besides, when the dosage of active ingredient of the dispersant for CWS was 0.12%, the viscosity of CWS achieved lower.
Dielectric Response of Borassus flabellifier Wood at Different Moisture Content
Authors: Phadke Sushil , Shrivastava B.D , Mishra Ashutosh , Dagaonkar N
Published: October 2011

The dielectric properties for Borassus Flabellifier BF wood were determined in the longitudinal and perpendicular directions of fibbers at different moisture content. The wood parts of male and female Borassus Flabellifier tree were taken from where the natural liquid Neera collected overnight. The wood parts were dried by microwave oven from 25 percent moisture content to oven dried condition. The dielectric parameters were measured by four-probe method. All the measurement was taken on frequency 105 Hz at room temperature 3110K. The Results indicate that the longitudinal values were nearly same as perpendicular directions of fibbers for both dielectric properties and dielectric conductivity with moisture content. In this study the drying of wood done by microwave energy using a continuous microwave drier was compared to that by conventional method. Characterization of the samples was made by scanning electron microscope (SEM) Model JEOL JSM5400. The specimen’s were collected from Dhar Dist. (M.P.) India.
Ultra-Short-Term Ahead Generating Power Forecasting for PV System Based on Markov Chain for Error Series
Authors: Zhang Xiang Yu , Deng Chang Hong , Chen Tian Tian
Published: October 2011

This article presents a proper approach for the prediction of output power for photovoltaic generation system. Using the results of solar irradiation from the sunny-day-model as the base value, which are accurate when the sky is clear, and correcting the forecasting results with the assistance of Markov Chain in order to make them valid for other kinds of weathers. To be specific, by utilizing Markov Chain, the underlying stochastic effects of clouds coverage can be minimized and thus harvest more accurate results. The method is tested on the photovoltaic generation system of Electrical Engineering School, Wuhan University, P.R.China and rendered a satisfactory precision of forecasting. Finally, further measurements for enhancing accuracy are also discussed in this paper.
Effects of Grain Size and Rotational Speed on the Bio-Oil Yield in a Fast Pyrolysis Reactor Employing a Single Tapered Screw Extruder
Authors: Chen Yen Chang , Pan Yung Ning
Published: October 2011

The effects of process parameters of biomass grain size (ranging from 0.425 to 3.35mm), rotational speed (ranging from 20 to 60rpm) and the pyrolysis temperature (ranging from 400 to 550 oC) on the yield of bio-oil were investigated in this study by using a fast pyrolysis reactor with a single tapered screw extruder. This study gives the optimal pyrolysis temperatures and rotational speeds for different grain sizes to achieve peak bio-oil yield. The results indicate that higher feed rates are required for larger grain sizes to achieve peak bio-oil yields. For instance, a 20rpm rotational speed is for 0.425~1.18mm grain sizes (50~57% bio-oil yield), while a 40rpm rotational speed is for 1.7~3.35mm grain sizes (56~60% bio-oil yield). This implies that the productivity of bio-oil can be significantly increased in the current system. For the case of 2.5~3.35mm grain size, which corresponds to an optimal rotational speed of 40rpm, the production rate was estimated to be around 4kg/h.
FeedWater System Transient Analysis of Nuclear Power Station
Authors: Zhang Shao Bo , Luo Bi Xiong , Qiao Xu Bin , Chen Juan , Wang Xiao Dong
Published: October 2011

Nuclear power station has high safety requirements, and the safety systems related to the nuclear island must be checked by hydraulic calculation. In the conventional island, the safe shutdown of the nuclear island most closely relates to the feedwater system, which determines the quantity and quality of the feedwater supply to the steam generator. In this paper, feedwater evolution in case of steamline break will be presented by using Flowmaster hydraulic software, and the results was used as the input for the analysis of security assessment in the nuclear island.
Key Technologies of Rebuilding Underground Natural Gas Storages from Carbonate Buried Hill Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Huang Shu Jun , Zhang Hui , Shang Cui Juan , Jing Shu Long
Published: October 2011

In this paper, according to research difficulties of rebuilding underground natural gas storages from carbonate buried hill gas reservoirs, we select a variety of relevant technologies and methods to study. Considering the reservoir geologic features geology, the impact of water intrusion, the difference of reserve calculations and many other factors, we carry out the research and determine the key parameters of rebuilding underground natural gas storages, and finally get a reasonable understanding of the study. Upon completion of large-scale gas storage for research results, further to form the distinctive key technologies of rebuilding underground natural gas storages from carbonate buried hill gas reservoirs. The research results will provide the appropriate technical reference for similar future rebuilding underground gas storages and also provide the technical assurance for a safe and stable gas supply to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region.
The Effects of Laser Shock Peening on Microstructure and Properties of Metals and Alloys: A Review
Authors: Hu Jin Liang , Lou Jun , Sheng Hong Chan , Wu Shu Hui , Chen Guo Xing , Huang Ke Feng , Ye Lin , Liu Ze Kun , Shi Yi Ling , Yin Song
Published: October 2011

This study reviews the current status of the understanding and development of laser shock peening(LSP) on various metals. The influence of processing parameters on residual stresses, microstructure and properties are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing their underlying interrelationship between the LSP induced modifications. Finally, recommendations for further study are listed. Results indicate that the combination of uniquely flexible process and excellent performance makes the laser shock peening an attractive candidate for surface optimization applications.
Petroleum Geological Characteristics of South Buir Sag in Tamsag Basin, Mongolia
Authors: Shao Hong Jun
Published: October 2011

South Buir Sag is located in Tamsag Basin of Mongolia, which is a Mesozoic faulted basin. South Buir Sag shows the distinct characterization of faulted structure: many uplifts and many depressions, depressions alternated with many uplifts. This special structure framework results in the characteristic of multi-provenances, multi-depocencers. South Buir Sag experienced the whole process of Cretaceous basin development. South Buir Sag formed fan deltas-lacustrine system in the period of Tsagaantsav Formation, Lower Zuunbayan Formation which occurred in rifting stage. It developed deltas-lacustrine system during the period of Upper Zuunbayan Formation，Sainshand Formation，Bayanshire Formation which is in rifting-downwarping stage. From the period of Bayanshire Formation to present, South Buir Sag underwent downwarped and developed fluvial system. The sandstone of fan deltas front can provide favorable reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation. Some regions of structure and deposition matching well can form lithology-structure petroleum reservoir.
Low-Damage Drilling Fluid Technology Used in Jabung Oilfield, Indonesia
Authors: Geng Jiao Jiao , Yan Jie Nian , Chen Wen Yi , Peng Chun Yao , Zuo Jing Jie , Yan Xiao Lin
Published: October 2011

Formation damage is prone to occur during drilling into the formations with medium/high permeability in Jabung Oilfield, Indonesia. To prevent formation damage and enhance productivity of oil wells, a novel low-damage drilling fluid was developed on the basis of the modification of currently used KCl polymer drilling fluid using a special technology. By virtue of the synergistic effect of ideal packing agents and film-forming agents, a sealing layer with high pressure bearing capability can be formed on the rock surface of borehole, so as to prevent drilling fluids from invading into formations effectively. It is shown from the results of numerous experiments that this drilling fluid has excellent rheological properties, very low filtration rates (API filtration rate<4mL and HTHP filtration rate≤12.5mL), good lubricity, and strongly inhibitive character to shale. Also, it exhibits remarkable effectiveness of formation protection indicated by the returned permeability as high as 88.11% and extremely low dynamic filtration rate lower than 4mL.
The Technology of Liquid CO2 Used for Fire Prevention and the Related Device
Authors: Shu Yong Bao , Li Wen Jun , Li Zhong Xue
Published: October 2011

In order to avoid spontaneous combustion of coal, reduce cost and improve the effect of fire prevention and extinction, this essay brings about the technology and related device to prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of coal based on the properties of fire prevention and extinction of the liquid CO2 toward fire area, such as: asphyxiation oxygen, cooling down and inerting. The technical difficulties such as the safety packing, transportation and perfusion to the fire area underground of liquid CO2 are solved. The liquid CO2 is transported safely to the fire area underground and are infused to fire area in the form of liquid. The on site operation and test proved that the fire-fighting technology and device has the following advantages: high speed, simple operation, adjusted continuously, stable operation, and significant and reliable fire prevention effect. It accords with the actual application and has great practical value.
Study for Deformation Control Technology of Bottom Slope of Conveyor Belt in Open Pit Mine
Authors: Sun Shi Guo , Yang Hong , Feng Shao Jie , Duan Wei Guo
Published: October 2011

Deformation of slope for all section is almost the same while the width of slope along the strike is large enough, that is plane deformation. If the width is small, then cannot analyze according to the plane problem. According to above method, slope deformation of concave base is 3D problem if excavates a limited width concave conveyor belt alone the slope dip in open-pit mine. In this article, the relation between excavation width and deformation is analyzed by 3D numerical simulation method, on the basis of some mine actual geological occurrence conditions, meanwhile, calculative equation among deformation geometry and limit equilibrium is established to evaluate concave base slope stability. Concave base slope for conveyor belt is 32% for deformation of plane mode slope in light of numerous simulation result, and the stability coefficient can be improved by 0.5 through case studies analysis. So, the safety of belt transport system is ensured.
Exploration of Calculation Method about Structural Parameters of Big Channels in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Gu Wen Huan , Liu Yue Tian , Fu Xiao Di , Luo Fei Fei
Published: October 2011

The Volume calculation model of big channels is established based on percolation echanics theory. The permeability calculation model of big channels is on the basis of high-speed non-Darcy fluid flowing in big channels. Big channels inunconsolidated sandstone reservoirs exist in incomplete developed form and complete development form. And the percolation indexes vary in different stages of development. Research results show that permeability of big channels when percolation index is 0.5 differs from permeability of big channels calculated according to linear Darcy flow with a ifference of 15.8 times. Confirming the percolation index n accurately is the premise of calculating permeability in big channels and the average radius.
Burning Blended Coal of Indonesia Lignite and Vietnam Anthracite on a Face-Fired 600MW Boiler Original Designed for Bituminous Coal
Authors: Zhao Zhen Ning , Zhang Qin Feng
Published: October 2011

Elemental research of burning blended coal of Indonesia Lignite and Vietnam anthracite on a face-fired 600MW supercritical boiler is performed, which is original designed for burning high-quality bituminous coal. Maximum ratio of Vietnam anthracite can be 40 percent. With the increase of the ratio of the anthracite, the size of residue particles and the ratio of unburned carbon in residues (UBCRs) rise up markedly, the slag formation of Indonesia Lignite alleviate. The results reveal: the burnout of anthracite is more difficult than its ignition, the key way to solve this problem is to control Fineness of Pulverized Coal Powder (FPCP) of the blended coal according requirements of anthracite, but to control the Primary Air (PA) outlet temperature of mill and the mass ratio of PA to coal as flammable coal Lignite. Besides, Secondary Air (SA) Distribution mode of Centralized Oxygen Feeding(COF), Big Swirl Intensity also have obvious effects the combustion of blended coal.