bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama Dalam Drama Romeo dan Juliet Karya William Shakpeare dan Drama Atas Nama Cinta Karya Agus R. Sarjono
Authors: Amalia Fitria , Ramadhan Ramadhan
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze two literary works and to present the results of the analyzes that the author has reviewed as a consideration or reference for comparative literary studies with the title "The inner conflict of the main character in the drama Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Atas Nama Cinta by Agus R. Sardjono. "Shows the inner conflict of the story of Romeo and Juliet about love wrapped in a grudge between the two families, which causes the murder and suicide of the main character until the family finally reconciles. As well as the comparison with In the Name of Love, which is a love drama wrapped in comedy that has a deep meaning about love and power and is closely related to the drama Romeo and Juliet because they have similar inner conflicts.This study uses a Literary Psychology approach with Sigmund Freud's theory. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The sources of this research are two drama scripts, namely Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Atas Nama Cinta by Agus R. Sardjono. From the analysis of the two drama scripts, it can be rejected. The conflict in the two drama scripts Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Atas Nama Cinta by Agus R. Sarjono experienced an inner conflict with the main character. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, there is an ego in the event of this request. Ego is a psychological responsibility and arises because of the organism's need for good relations (reality).
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pakar Untuk Memprediksi Penyakit Pada Ayam Berbasis Android
Authors: Rahmawati Heni
Published: August 2021

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari banyak sekali jenis hewan yang dipelihara oleh masyarakat, seperti contohnya adalah ayam. Ayam merupakan hewan unggas yang paling banyak dipelihara masyarakat baik secara tradisional yang sering disebut ayam kampung sampai peternakan besar yang berupa ayam pedaging atau petelur, karena populasinya yang cukup banyak bila dibanding hewan lain. Oleh karena itu penyakit yang menyertainya juga semakin kompleks, dari penyakit yang ringan sampai penyakit yang bisa menular kepada manusia dan mengakibatkan kematian seperti penyakit flu burung (avian influenza). Representasi pengetahuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan Kaidah Produksi, kaidah ini dapat dikatakan sebagai hubungan implikasi dua bagian, yaitu : bagian premis (jika) dan bagian konklusi (maka) (If_Then). Pada penelitian ini dibuat sistem pakar (expert sistem) berbasis android yang dapat menangani identifikasi penyakit pada ayam berdasarkan gejalanya. Sistem pakar ini bisa memberikan informasi yang cepat dan tepat  tentang penyakit yang diderita oleh ayam.
Keterampilan Dasar Futsal Peserta Ektrakurikuler di SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Prasetyo Widiyono Ibnu , Mudiono
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterampilan dasar bermain futsal peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen .Keterampilan dasar bermain futsal meliputi passing, controlling dan dribbling. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian deskripsi kuantitatif dengan satu variable tanpa membuat perbandingan dan menghubungkan dengan variabel lainnya .Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Keterampilan dasar bermain futsal. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen dengan jumlah 20 peserta. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey. Pada penelitian ini , dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen Tes Keterampilan Futsal FIK Jogja. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistic deskriptif yang beupa persentase. Hasil penelitian memperoleh nilai maksimum (paling lama) sebesar 69,55, nilai minimum (paling cepat) 44,15 dan rerata diperoleh sebesar 59,17 serta standar deviasi 6,79. Selanjutnya data dikategorikan sesuai dengan rumus yang telah ditentukan menjadi 5 kategori, yaitu Baik Sekali, Baik, Cukup, Kurang, dan Kurang Sekali. Dari hasil penelitian tentang survei keterampilan dasar bermain futsal peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal di SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen sebagai berikut : jumlah peserta dinyatakan baik sekali 0 siswa (0%), 10 siswa (50%) dinyatakan Baik, 5 siswa (25%) dinyatakan Cukup, 3 siswa (15%) dinyatakan Kurang, dan 2 siswa (10%) dinyatakan Kurang Sekali.

Kata kunci : Futsal,Ekstrakurikuler,SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen
Pengaruh Dana Perimbangan dan Investasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Santi Atmini Lara , Hardiani Hardiani , Rosmeli Rosmeli
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis  pengaruh dana perimbangan dan investasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series tahun 2002-2018. Data bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jambi dan Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan (DJPK) Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Data dianalisis dengan alat analisis regresi berganda.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik  secara simultan maupun parsial, Dana Bagi Hasil, Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus, Penanaman Modal Asing, dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi.
Pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto, Suku Bunga, dan Inflasi terhadap Foreign Direct Investment di Indonesia Periode 2000-2017
Authors: Saragih Cindy Augare Malouni , Haryadi Haryadi , Emilia Emilia
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dan perkembangan produk domestik bruto (PDB), suku bunga, dan inflasi terhadap investasi asing langsung/foreign direct investment (FDI) di Indonesia.. Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dalam bentuk time series yang diakses pada situs resmi Bank Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik, dan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal dalam periode tahun 2000-2017. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara simultan, seluruh variabel berpengaruh terhadap FDI di Indonesia. Secara parsial, variabel PDB dan suku bunga berpengaruh positif terhadap FDI di Indonesia, sementara inflasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap FDI di Indonesia.
Tingkat Aktifitas Fisik Siswa Boarding School dan Siswa Non Boarding School Di SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Rizki , Widiyatmoko Fajar Ari , Kresnapati Pandu
Published: August 2021

This research method uses qualitative descriptive research and the method used is a survey method with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The population is all students of SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo, totaling 12 classes. The sample of this research was taken by means of purposive sampling, which consisted of 27 Boarding School students and 79 non-Boarding School students. Based on the results of this study, the activity level of students of SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo was in the medium category, the activity level of the boarding school students at SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo was in the medium category, the activity level of the non-boarding school students at SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo was in the medium category, there were differences in the level of activity. boarding school students and non-boarding school students at SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo, with a mann-whitney test score <0.05.
 
Keywords: Physical activity, boarding school, non boarding school, junior high school
 
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Tingkat aktifitas fisik siswa boarding school dan siswa non boarding school di SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Populasinya adalah semua pelajar SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo yang berjumlah 12 kelas. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan cara pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, yang terdiri atas 27 siswa Boarding School dan 79 siswa non Boarding School. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, tingkat aktifitas siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo pada kategori sedang, tingkat aktifitas siswa boarding school di SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo pada kategori sedang, tingkat aktifitas siswa non-boarding school di SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo pada kategori sedang, terdapat perbedaan tingkat aktifitas siswa boarding school dan siswa non-boarding school di SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Sukorejo, dengan nilai uji mann-whitney< 0,05.
 
Kata kunci :Aktifitas fisik, Boarding school, non Boarding school, SMP
Analisis Teknik Lay Up dan Three Point Dalam Gerakan Shoot Bola Basket Tim Putra Kabupaten Sukamara Tahun 2020
Authors: Pebriany Amy Thasia , Zahraini Dian Ayu , Setyawan Danang Aji
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine how the techniques and results of the lay-up and three-point analysis in the basketball shoot movement of the men's team in Sukamara Regency in 2020. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis research type. The population and sample of the study were 12 athletes in the men's team of Sukamara Regency. The technique of collecting data is by taking video, the recordings are packed on DVD, and entered into the Dartfish Software. The results showed that the average score of all athletes in laying up very well was 11.4. Whereas for the three points the average distance of the eleven athletes is 11.12 m, the jump height is 0.25, the upper arm opening angle is 147.1?, the right hand angle is 165.1?, the body position is 172.0?, the right leg angle is 171.6?, the left leg angle is 173.0?, and 0.15 m foot openings. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the lay-up and three point test conducted by the twelve male team athletes of Sukamara Regency has done an average of very well. To be able to improve the lay-up and three-point movements, regular shooting practice is needed so that the more practice you will understand the position and accuracy in shooting. Key words: Lay up analysis, three point
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana teknik dan hasil analisa lay up dan three point dalam gerakan shoot bola basket tim putra Kabupaten Sukamara tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analisis. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah 12 atlet tim putra Kabupaten Sukamara. Teknik pengambilan data dengan cara mengambil video, hasil rekaman di kemas dalam bentuk DVD, dan dimasukan ke dalam Software Dartfish. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata dari keseluruhan atlet dalam melakukan lay up dengan sangat baik adalah 11,4. Sedangkan untuk three point rata-rata jarak kesebelas atlet adalah 11.12 m, tinggi lompatan 0.25, sudut bukaan lengan atas 147.1?, sudut tangan kanan 165.1?, posisi badan 172.0?, sudut sudut kaki kanan 171.6?, sudut kaki kiri 173.0?, dan bukaan kaki 0.15 m. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam pelaksanaan tes lay up dan three point yang dilakukan oleh duabelas atlet tim putra kabupaten sukamara rata-rata sudah melakukan dengan sangat baik. Untuk dapat meningkatkan gerakan lay up dan three point diperlukan latihan shoot yang rutin sehingga semakin banyak berlatih semakin paham posisi dan ketepatan dalam melakukan shoot.
Kata kunci : Analisis lay up, three point
Complex open elbow fracture-dislocation with severe proximal ulna bone loss: a case report of massive osteochondral allograft surgical treatment
Authors: Concina Chiara , Crucil Marina , Theodorakis Emmanouil , Saggin Giorgio , Perin Silvia , Gherlinzoni Franco
Published: August 2021

We report a case of a 69-year-old right-dominant man who had an open Monteggia-like lesion of the right elbow (Gustilo-Andersen IIIA) with severe proximal ulna bone loss associated with an ipsilateral ulnar shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident. The patient underwent two-stage surgery. Wound debridement and bridging external fixation were performed at first. Three months later, a frozen massive osteochondral ulnar allograft was implanted and fixed with a locking compression plate. A superficial wound infection appeared 5 weeks after the second surgery. Superficial wound debridement, negative pressure therapy, and antibiotics were administered for 3 months, achieving infection healing. At 3 years post-surgery, the elbow range of motion was satisfactory with a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score of 16.7. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed good allograft-bone integration without allograft reabsorption or hardware loosening. Although not complication-free, massive ulna osteochondral allograft implantation can be considered a valid option in cases of open Monteggia-like lesions associated with ulnar shaft fracture and severe bone loss in active patients, whenever osteosynthesis or joint replacement is not a proper solution. This type of bone stock restoration allows for future surgery, like arthroplasty, if needed.
Conceptualizing breakthrough pain
Authors: Narain Leslie , Naeem Rida , Nemala Apurva , Linder Daniel , Sun Zhuo , Young Lufei
Published: August 2021

The concept of breakthrough pain (BTP) is examined through the development of a conceptual model with a long-term goal of positively impacting the management of chronic pain patients who experience BTP when hospitalized. The model is based on a 2008 Health Economic Model of Breakthrough Pain developed by Abernethy, Wheeler, and Fortner, which will be referred to as the parent model. The conceptual model of BTP, titled, Novel Conceptual Model of Breakthrough Pain (NCMBP) shares a similar structure in regards to the relationships of major constructs. Like the parent model, the NCMBP is based on three major constructs which are analyzed and explained further with associated concepts. The NCMBP is primarily concerned with the importance of a pain management plan and the endpoint result of patient-perceived analgesia. The NCMBP is viewed as a necessary foundation for continuing safe and effective pain management in the setting of a current opioid overdose epidemic in the United States. The structure and conceptual relationships of the NCMBP are preliminary and will continue to undergo revision as conduction of research is attempted to test the model.
English Language Teaching, Vol. 14, No. 8, August 2021
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: August 2021

English Language Teaching, Vol. 14, No. 8, August 2021
Voetbal en doping
Authors: Ram Herman
Published: August 2021

Voetbal en doping

Anders dan veel anekdotiek doet vermoeden worden in het voetbal relatief veel dopingcontroles uitgevoerd, maar worden daarbij betrekkelijk weinig dopingovertredingen vastgesteld. De wel vastgestelde overtredingen worden op dezelfde basis afgehandeld als in andere sporten gebeurt. Tuchtrechtelijke uitspraken worden echter zelden gepubliceerd, wat het verzamelen van objectieve data bemoeilijkt.
Rapport ‘Ongelijke leggers’ besproken
Authors: Segaar Dolf
Published: August 2021

Rapport ‘Ongelijke leggers’ besproken

Het op 28 april 2021 gepresenteerde rapport ‘Ongelijke Leggers’ doet verslag van het onderzoek naar grensoverschrijdend gedrag in de gymsport. Grensoverschrijdend gedrag wordt daarin gedefinieerd als ‘elke vorm van verbaal, non-verbaal of fysiek gedrag met een (al dan niet seksuele) connotatie (duiding) dat als doel of gevolg heeft dat de waardigheid van de persoon wordt aangetast, in het bijzonder wanneer een gewelddadige, manipulatieve, bedreigende, vijandige, beledigende, vernederende, of kwetsende situatie wordt gecreëerd’.
Cyberbullying and Its Contributing Factors Among Iranian Adolescents
Authors: Shariatpanahi Ghazal , Tahouri Kia , Asadabadi Mahsa , Moienafshar Atousa , Nazari Maryam , Sayarifard Azadeh
Published: August 2021

Background: Exposure to new communication systems via the Internet and mobile phone can be detrimental if cyberbullying is the case. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying and detect its contributing factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in four girls’ and boys’ high schools in District 17, Tehran, Iran. About 288 adolescents were selected using the simple random method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire encompassing three sections (namely, the experience of being cyberbullied, the experience of attempts at cyberbullying, and close friends’ exposure to cyberbullying). Data were analyzed with SPSS software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data (P < 0.05). Results: Eighty-five of the respondents (29.82%) had experienced being cyberbullied, 89 persons (30.90%) had made attempts at cyberbullying, and 117 individuals (40.62%) had friends being cyberbullied. Female gender and secondary high school education significantly increased the likelihood of attempts at cyberbullying and being cyberbullied (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between an increase in time to use virtual tools per week and aging with attempts at cyberbullying (P < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between being cyberbullied and attempts at cyberbullying (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the study findings, the authorities are recommended to implement appropriate educational programs to increase adolescents’ awareness of cyberbullying and culturalization to exploit new communication tools at the school and community levels.
Correlation Between Dynamic Changes of Chest CT Findings and Therapeutic Response of COVID-19: A Multicenter Experience in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhu Jingqi , Tang Cuisong , Shi Yuxin , Zhan Songhua , Wang Shuai , Song Litao , Shao Zhihong , Tang Guangyu , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. Computed tomography (CT) offers valuable clues to the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, little is known about the correlation between dynamic changes of CT scores and therapeutic response in the course of COVID-19. Objectives: To describe the temporal changes of CT findings and characterize the time window of disease progression on the follow-up CT scans of patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: In this historical cohort study performed in Shanghai, China, the follow-up chest CT images of 91 patients with COVID-19 with different therapeutic responses were reviewed in multiple centers, with an emphasis on characterizing the changing trend of CT scores for lung lesions at 13 - 15 days after the symptom onset and thereafter. The CT score curve patterns were categorized into type 1 (characterized by an increase to the peak level, followed by a decrease), type 2 (characterized by a steady change without an obvious peak), and type 3 (characterized by a progressive increase). Results: The CT scores of the progression group (n = 9) with a longer time to the peak were significantly higher than those of the non-progression group (n = 82) on the first day and days 13 - 15 (P < 0.05), except for the median CT scores before days 13 - 15. The CT curve type 1 and type 2 were commonly observed in the non-progression group (63.4% and 36.6%, respectively), while type 3 was more common in the progression group (88.9%). Conclusion: Most patients with COVID-19 show favorable responses to clinical treatments in Shanghai. Thirteen to fifteen days after the symptom onset can be considered as a turning point for the therapeutic response. The CT curve type 3 usually represents a poor response. The CT scores of patients with different therapeutic responses may overlap before days 13 - 15. The changing trend of longitudinal CT scores may contribute to the prediction of disease progression.
Role of COVID-19 in Hepatic Damage and Its Cellular Entrance and Mechanism of Action: A Mini-Review
Authors: Oroojan Ali Akbar
Published: August 2021

Context: COVID-19 induces damage to the liver in addition to the pulmonary system. This event can alter hepatic biochemical and histological variables. Therefore, the present mini-review study investigated the effect of COVID-19 on hepatic damages and its cellular mechanism of action. Evidence Acquisition: In this mini-review study, the effects of COVID-19 on liver cells were sought in PubMed without restriction. The related components were searched in the Me SH term system and also used in two groups of COVID-19 and hepatocytes in combination with each other. Then, the titles and abstracts of the selected articles were assessed, and unrelated articles were removed. Results and Conclusion: COVID-19 leads to liver tissue damage and hepatocyte apoptosis by inducing increased cytokines, ischemia, and hepatic hypoxia following cardiorespiratory failure, coagulation disorders, and intracellular calcium. The SARS-CoV-2 virus exerts this effect through the ACE2 receptor and increasing its expression in cholangiocytes.
Chemotherapeutic, Toxin, and Therapeutic Protein Delivery via Nucleolin Aptamer-functionalized Nanoplatforms for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Safarzadeh Kozani Pouya , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

: Nucleolin is a protein abundantly present in the nucleolus, but its expression on the surface of cells is potentially associated with various types of malignancies. So far, several nucleolin-targeting strategies, including the nucleolin-targeting peptide, anti-nucleolin pseudopeptides, anti-nucleolin antibodies, and the anti-nucleolin aptamer, AS1411, have been developed and investigated in different types of studies. The AS1411 aptamer has been known as the outstanding approach for targeting nucleolin with superior specificity and therapeutic potential in comparison with other targeting strategies. In this review, we highlight different nucleolin-targeting strategies for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, proteins with therapeutic potential, and toxins.
In Vitro Effects of Olive Vegetation Water on IFN-γ and IL-10 Secretion in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Baheri Mahboubeh , Baharifar Narges , Sheikh Abolfazl , Dayer Mohammadreza , Sheikhi Abdolkarim
Published: August 2021

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is associated with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Evidence indicates that nutritional interventions have some immunomodulatory impacts. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of olive vegetation water (OVW) on IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients. Methods: In this study, PBMCs of MS patients were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. The cytotoxicity of OVW was assessed by the MTT assay. The treatments were performed for 48 and 72 hours, and IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Results: No cytotoxicity was observed for OVW. Besides, OVW showed a significant inhibitory effect on IFN-γ secretion but augmenting effect on IL-10 secretion by PBMCs dose-dependently. Conclusions: This study indicated that OVW could have immunoregulatory effects on inflammatory reactions in MS patients.
Alzheimer’s Disease and its Risk Factors: A Case-control Study
Authors: Dolatshahi Mojtaba , Mahmoudi Sara , Torabi nia Mansour , Kheirandish Vahid
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is supposed to involve environmental exposure and genetic vulnerability. The present study aimed to assess the association between Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factors. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 95 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 98 matched controls. All participants (case and control groups) were examined by mini-mental state examination. This information was collected by a risk factor questionnaire from January to June 2019. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis via SPSS-22 software. Results: The findings revealed the effect of risk factors' odds ratios on the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease by logistic regression analysis. Sex (female), chronic disease, loneliness or being single, and family history showed positive associations with AD, whereas daily physical exercise, religious beliefs, high level of social communication, and male sex had negative associations with AD development (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study highlighted the difficulty of etiology and recommended that the effective interventions for social support of older people, psychological condition, chronic disease, and lifestyle may be promising preventive policies.
Investigation of Antioxidant Status in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Dinarvand Negar , Rasouli Mehdi , Meshkini Fatemeh , Zargari Mehryar
Published: August 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), constitutes the leading cause of death across the world. They are responsible for the highest mortality rate in Iran. The traditional risk factors for CAD are smoking, obesity, hypertension, family history, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, enhanced oxidative stress is known as a novel risk factor for CAD. Objectives: The associations of oxidative and antioxidative markers were investigated relative to the occurrence and severity of CAD. Methods: A total of 286 participants, including 141 males and 145 females aged 30 - 70, were classified as CAD case and control groups, based on their coronary angiography results. The CAD severity scoring was done based on the number and extent of lesions in coronary arteries. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was assayed using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. Meantime, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as a lipid peroxidation product. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase in SOD activity (P = 0.019) and the uric acid concentration (P = 0.000) of CAD patients compared to the control group. Although no change was seen in GPx and CAT activity, as well as FRAP and MDA, a significant positive correlation was found between CAT and SOD activity (P = 0.011) and between FRAP and uric acid (P = 0.000) levels. Conclusions: The results suggest that some antioxidants are significantly associated with the severity of CAD, thereby helping predict the risk of cardiovascular events. However, extra studies are needed to endorse the significance of these findings.
Labor in a Life of Liturgy: De Opere Monachorum and the Potential of Monastic Labor
Authors: Settle Zac ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

This essay theorizes the interplay between Augustine’s vision of prayer and his theological treatment of labor. In so doing, it articulates some of the broader economic implications of Augustine’s theological system. More particularly, this essay theorizes the conceptual slippage between a prayerful life of Christian existence aimed at the beatific vision and labor properly related to, directed, undertaken, and contextualized. I argue that under the right conditions—conditions similar to those Augustine recognizes in a monastic context, and dissimilar to those fostered in contemporary capitalism—labor can become a modality of prayer. When labor is undertaken in this manner—which is made possible by God’s efficacious grace and the transformative power of the virtues—it is possible for the boundaries between labor and prayer to blur, such that the whole of one’s labor is grafted into one’s larger life of prayer before God. That mode of labor and prayer depends on forms of time, relationality, and selfhood that contrast sharply with typical features of labor undertaken in contemporary capitalism, all of which will be briefly canvased in conclusion.
Schelling as a ‘Post-Heideggerian Thinker’
Authors: Fulvi Daniele ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I focus on Luigi Pareyson’s interpretation of Schelling, arguing that it must be read in continuity with Pareyson’s early engagement with the philosophies of Heidegger and Jaspers. Firstly, I argue that Pareyson shapes his existentialism on Jaspers’s and Heidegger’s thoughts, and particularly in relation to that which he considers the fundamental question of philosophy, namely ‘why is there Being rather than nothingness?’ Secondly, I demonstrate how Pareyson reads Schelling’s philosophy in light of his interpretations of Jaspers and Heidegger, i.e., in relation to the ‘fundamental question of philosophy’. Finally, I show how Pareyson’s reading of Schelling is centered on the notion of ‘awe of reason’, and how he defines Schelling as a ‘post-Heideggerian thinker’, since Heidegger’s philosophy allows us to innovatively reinterpret Schelling’s philosophy in an existentialist way.
Revisión bibliográfica sobre la memoria histórica de pandemias anteriores en revisiones de enfermería sobre COVID-19: una realidad secularmente documentada
Authors: Leon Molina Joaquin , Hellin Gil M Fuensanta , Abad Corpa Eva
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Las revisiones sobre COVID-19 deberían reflejar antecedentes históricos de anteriores pandemias. Objetivo: Nos planteamos mapear el contenido de revisiones recientes, en el área de enfermería sobre COVID-19, para comprobar si se hace alusión a crisis sanitarias por epidemias y enfermedades infecciosas. Metodología. Revisión narrativa descriptiva. Se consultaron la Web de la Ciencia, PubMed y Lilacs para identificar las revisiones; se consultó el contenido de los documentos para detectar la presencia de descriptores y términos relativos a las pandemias anteriores al siglo XXI de la humanidad, atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión y objetivos del estudio. Resultados: Sólo en 11 documentos de los 192 identificados se localizaron reseñas pertinentes. Conclusiones: Pueden existir reticencias a la hora de utilizar documentación publicada hace más de un siglo; sin embargo, sería aconsejable no perder la memoria histórica de crisis pandémicas que ha padecido la humanidad durante milenios.

Introduction: Reviews for COVID-19 should reflect historical antecedents from previous pandemics.Objective: We plan to map the content of recent reviews in the nursing area on COVID-19 to see if it refers to health crises due to epidemics and infectious diseases.Methodology: Descriptive narrative review. The Science Web, PubMed and Lilacs were consulted to identify the reviews; The content of the documents was consulted to detect the presence of descriptors and terms related to pandemics prior to the 21st century of humanity, taking into account the inclusion criteria and objectives of the study.Results: Relevant reviews were found only in 11 documents of the 192 identified.Conclusions: There may be reluctance to use documentation published more than a century ago; However, it would be advisable not to lose the historical memory of pandemic crises that humanity has suffered for millennia
Temporal pattern and synergy influence activity of ERK signaling pathways during L-LTP induction
Authors: Miningou Zobon Nadiatou T , Jędrzejewska-Szmek Joanna , Blackwell Kim T
Published: August 2021

Long-lasting long-term potentiation (L-LTP) is a cellular mechanism of learning and memory storage. Studies have demonstrated a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in L-LTP produced by a diversity of temporal stimulation patterns. Multiple signaling pathways converge to activate ERK, with different pathways being required for different stimulation patterns. To answer whether and how different temporal patterns select different signaling pathways for ERK activation, we developed a computational model of five signaling pathways (including two novel pathways) leading to ERK activation during L-LTP induction. We show that calcium and cAMP work synergistically to activate ERK and that stimuli given with large intertrial intervals activate more ERK than shorter intervals. Furthermore, these pathways contribute to different dynamics of ERK activation. These results suggest that signaling pathways with different temporal sensitivities facilitate ERK activation to diversity of temporal patterns.
Disintegration half-life of biodegradable plastic films on different marine beach sediments
Authors: Eich Andreas , Weber Miriam , Lott Christian
Published: August 2021

The seafloor is considered the major sink for plastic debris in the world’s oceans. Biodegradable polymers are available on the market as a substitute for conventional plastic and could potentially end up in the same environment. To gain more insight into the effects of different sediments on the degradation rate of biodegradable plastic we performed two iterative seawater tank experiments. First, to test the effect of sediment grain size, film of Mater-Bi HF03V, a blend of thermoplastic starch and biodegradable polyesters, was placed on the surface of mud as well as on four different grain size fractions of beach sand. Disintegration half-life was shortest on mud (139 days) and increased with the grain size of the beach sediment fractions (63–250 µm: 296 days; 250–500 µm: 310 days; 500–1,000 µm: 438 days; >1,000 µm: 428 days). We assume that the higher surface-to-volume ratio in fine sediment compared to coarse sediment led to a higher bacterial abundance and thus to faster disintegration rates. In a follow-up experiment, the <500 µm fraction of sediment from four different beaches around Isola d’Elba, Italy, was used to test plastic disintegration as above. Additionally, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB, MIREL P5001) was used as a positive control and high-density polyethylene (HD-PE) as a negative control. No disintegration was observed for HD-PE. Mater-Bi HF03V and PHB disintegrated significantly differently on sediment from different sites, with half-lives of Mater-Bi HF03V ranging from 72 to 368 days and of PHB from 112 to 215 days. Here, the half-life was shortest on slightly coarser sediment and at potentially anthropogenically impacted sites. We assume that the effect of the grain size on the disintegration rate was masked by other parameters influencing the microbial community and activity. Understanding the parameters driving biodegradation is key to reliably report the range of disintegration rates occurring under the various conditions in different ecosystems.
Can India Go in for Pre- School / Pre- Verbal Eye Screening Now with Red Reflex? - A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gupta Himika , Singh Ravikant , Ernam Sunila Sanjeev
Published: August 2021

Aims: To study the feasibility and challenges for early vision screening of the 0-6 yr preverbal/ preschool children in both urban and rural settings of India using the simple Red Reflex test.
Study Design:Operational research.
Place and Duration of Study: Four settings (two urban and two rural) were designed to target the 0-6year old children. Model I .Pre School (Urban slum Population), Model II. Health Centre                (Urban Hospital), Model III. Immunization OPD of Municipal Hospital (Rural hospital) Model IV. Anganwadi Centre (Rural Population) was designed and conducted July 2017 –Dec 2017 (6 months).
Methodology: All models were conducted as single day vision screening camps except Model III which was an opportunistic screening for a period of 3 months (July – Sept 2017). Vision screening was done using Red Reflex test and follow up was done for three months. Data was analyzed on MS Excel and expressed in proportions / percentages. 
Results: Maximum children (155) were screened in Model I. Out of the 301 total children screened 33 (10.96%) had abnormal Red Reflex test. The yield was maximum 6 (17.14%) in Model III. Urban health centre Model I was the most time efficient model(average 0.74 minutes/child). 
Conclusions: Single day screening of population based cohort is time efficient but opportunistic screening using universal immunization programme model had maximum yield.
Measurement and Prediction of Received Signal Level and Path Loss through Vegetation
Authors: Zhimwang J. T. , Ogherohwo E. P. , Iliya D. D. , Aminu Ibrahim , Shaka O. S.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the measurement and prediction of received signal level and path loss through vegetation. Results were estimated under free space, single tree, and vegetation conditions which revealed that the presence of isolated trees along a radio path can affect signal propagation leading to reduction in signal strength (attenuation). The attenuation was found to be dependent on many factors and parameters of the trees e.g. Geometry of measurement, (either trunk or canopy path), state of trees foliation, frequency, canopy thickness among others. In the measured data, high loss values were recorded at canopy geometry which is due to high presence of interacting and attenuating elements at the canopy. Also, high variation in Received signal strength (RSS) was noted at canopy geometry. However, the trend shows variation from path to path. The main factor is the density of tree parameters along the chosen path. Depending on the density of tree parameters along the chosen path, the depth dependence may be extremely slow as seen in the measure data. With this evidence, for radio communication inside woodlands or forests, localizing the two nodes inside the vegetation will certainly give overall best performance in terms of signal impairment. The propagation mechanism in each case are the same at the antenna geometries used following the trend of signal decay. Different transmit antenna inclination angles were used and this has not shown any significant contribution to the excess loss. However, antenna height with respect to the trees canopy showed significant contribution to the excess loss. This information will be useful to network planning engineers in link budget estimation.
Production environment and managerial techniques in explaining productivity growth in Brazilian beef cattle production
Authors: Martins Maristela M. , Spolador Humberto F. S. , Njuki Eric
Published: August 2021

Brazil is a key player in the global beef markets having generated 15% of global production, and approximately 20% of world exports in 2018. Productivity improvements will be indispensable if the Brazilian beef sector wants to maintain its position as a key player in both the domestic and international markets. In light of the aforementioned, this study makes two key contributions to the agricultural productivity literature on Brazil. First, it estimates the production technology used in the Brazilian beef cattle sector using stochastic production frontier methods that account for exogenous factors that impact the production environment. Second, using the estimated coefficients as weights, it decomposes a total factor productivity (TFP) index that tracks various sources of productivity growth including: technical efficiency, technological change, scale efficiency, and environmental efficiency. By utilizing farm‐level data this study generates deeper insights into the dynamics driving beef cattle production at the most disaggregated level. Results indicate that TFP growth averaged 1.73% per annum and was primarily driven by scale efficiency, which increased at 1.39%. Meanwhile, technical efficiency declined at a rate of −0.03% per annum. [EconLit Citations: D24, O13, Q15].
PtSe2/Pt Heterointerface with Reduced Coordination for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Zongpeng , Xiao Beibei , Lin Zhiping , Xu Yaping , Lin Yan , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Fang Baizeng , Guo Shaojun , Zhong Wenwu
Published: August 2021

PtSe2 is a typical noble metal dichalcogenide (NMD) that holds promising possibility for next‐generation electronics and photonics. However, when applied in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it exhibits sluggish kinetics due to the insufficient capability of absorbing active species. Here, we construct PtSe2/Pt heterointerface to boost the reaction dynamics of PtSe2, enabled by an in situ electrochemical method. It is found that Se vacancies are induced around the heterointerface, reducing the coordination environment. Correspondingly, the exposed Pt atoms at the very vicinity of Se vacancies are activated, with enhanced overlap with H 1s orbital. The adsorption of H. intermediate is thus strengthened, achieving near thermoneutral free energy change. Consequently, the as‐prepared PtSe2/Pt exhibits extraordinary HER activity even superior to Pt/C, with an overpotential of 42 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1. This work raises attention on NMDs toward HER and provides insights for the rational construction of novel heterointerfaces.
Knockdown circ_0040414 inhibits inflammation, apoptosis and promotes the proliferation of cardiomyocytes via miR‐186‐5p/PTEN/AKT axis in chronic heart failure
Authors: Feng Yanling , Yan Biao , Cheng Hongji , Wu Jinlei , Chen Qinxiu , Duan Yuexing , Zhang Peng , Zheng Dong , Lin Guixiong , Zhuo Yufeng
Published: August 2021

Previous studies have shown that circ_0040414 is highly expressed in the blood of patients with heart failure (HF), which suggests that circ_0040414 is associated with heart failure (HF). However, the functional involvement of circ_0040414 in HF and its potential mechanism remains unclear. Consistent with previous studies, our study showed that the expression of circ_0040414 in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) was significantly higher than that of healthy control, which indicated that circ_0040414 could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with CHF. In cardiomyocytes, circ_0040414 increased the level of proapoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved‐caspase 3 and reduced the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. It also promoted inflammatory factors IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐β, but inhibited cell proliferation. In terms of mechanism, circ_0040414 upregulated the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) through sponging miR‐186‐5p to inhibit AKT signaling activity. Our study uncovered a novel role and the mechanism of circ_0040414 in controlling CHF, enriched the molecular regulatory network in CHF, and may provide a possible strategy for the treatment of CHF.
Sample Preparation for Detection of Different Bacterial Strains by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight (MALDI‐TOF) Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chac Denise , Kordahi Melissa , Brettner Leandra , DePaolo R. William
Published: August 2021

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) provides a fast and easy means to identify culturable microorganisms to the species level. The sample preparation of microbial colonies for MALDI‐TOF analysis requires a suitable protein extraction method. While standard MALDI‐TOF sample preparation methods are well suited for the identification of and the discrimination between microorganisms belonging to different species, they are not disruptive enough to allow the discrimination between different strains of the same microorganism. More disruptive protein extraction methods lead to better discrimination power because they allow a better breakdown of bacterial cell membrane and a more efficient extraction of conserved microbial proteins that are specific to each species and strain. Here we describe how to extract proteins from single microbial colonies using formic acid and acetonitrile to disrupt cells prior to placing them on a target plate for MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Contrary to other sample preparation methods for MALDI‐TOF MS, this approach allows the discrimination between different strains of microorganisms of the same species. Our approach also provides the groundwork data for building algorithms that allow the detection of specific microbial strains of interest, with a great potential for diagnostic applications in clinical settings. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Protein extraction and MALDI‐TOF bio‐typing of phenotypically distinct bacterial species
Changes in the demand for CSR activities and stakeholder engagement based on research conducted among public relations specialists in Poland, with consideration of the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz , Gawroński Sławomir , Opolska‐Bielańska Agata , Lach Mateusz
Published: August 2021

Care for the external and internal environment of the company, ethics and human resources, as well as the organizational culture, is a crucial element for the importance and competitive advantage of the company. It was especially noticeable during the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic. Companies began to grapple with difficulties, which contributed to an increased interest in crisis management competencies. The pandemic has permanently changed the functioning of society and the image of many industries, including public relations. The analysis of changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic becomes a valuable element of the direction of innovative research. Recognizing the interest, these aspects of the company were verified. The article uses data obtained in the course of the implementation of three independent research projects realized in Poland. The first study concerned crisis management from the perspective of a public relations agencies. The structures of the offer of public relations services (including CSR strategies) were examined. The responses of some public relations specialists regarding CSR and activities in this area after the COVID‐19 pandemic were extracted from the second research project. The last, third project involved specialists employed in PR agencies. The research area covered changes in the demand of companies for CSR‐related activities after the pandemic and the desired areas of training and personal development, with particular emphasis on CSR. The common denominator of all three projects is CSR campaigns and the way they are implemented by PR specialists.
What does it mean to be wild? Assessing human influence on the environments of nonhuman primate specimens in museum collections
Authors: Eller Andrea R. , Canington Stephanie L. , Saiyed Sana T. , Austin Rita M. , Hofman Courtney A. , Sholts Sabrina B.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Natural history collections are often thought to represent environments in a pristine natural state—free from human intervention—the so‐called “wild.” In this study, we aim to assess the level of human influence represented by natural history collections of wild‐collected primates over 120 years at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH).

Materials and Methods

Our sample consisted of 875 catarrhine primate specimens in NMNH collections, representing 13 genera collected in 39 countries from 1882 to 2004. Using archival and accession information we determined the approximate locations from which specimens were collected. We then plotted location coordinates onto publicly available anthrome maps created by Ellis et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2010, 19, 589), which delineate terrestrial biomes of human population density and land use worldwide since the 1700s.

Results

We found that among primates collected from their native ranges, 92% were from an environment that had some level of human impact, suggesting that the majority of presumed wild‐collected primate specimens lived in an environment influenced by humans during their lifetimes.

Discussion

The degree to which human‐modified environments may have impacted the lives of primates currently held in museum collections has been historically ignored, implicating unforeseen consequences for collection‐based research. While unique effects related to commensalism with humans remain understudied, effects currently attributed to natural phenomena may, in fact, be related to anthropogenic pressures on unmanaged populations of primates.