bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Fairness in Relation to Women Transport Users
Authors: Hail Yvonne , McQuaid Ronald
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the concept of ‘fairness’ in transport, specifically regarding women using public transport, future autonomous vehicle taxis or bicycle sharing. Women generally have varying and complex mobility patterns compared to men and suffer disproportionate fairness issues when using transport. Different concepts of fairness are explored, including: equality of opportunity, equity and justice (including procedural, social and distributional justice). While each of these concepts has different implications for women using transport, it is also recognized that fairness principles should apply to all people (regardless of sex, gender or other characteristics). Analysis of the different forms of mobility, as represented by public transport, autonomous vehicles and bicycle sharing, illustrate a variety of specific fairness issues. Factors such as safety and security, cost, physical design of infrastructure and vehicles, and characteristics such as low-income or childcare responsibilities arise in each case. The three cases also indicate a range of both horizonal fairness factors (similar people being treated similarly) and vertical fairness factors (such as more disadvantaged people receiving greater support). Further research is required into setting frameworks for a more comprehensive inclusion of, and balance between, different concepts of fairness and their interactions in both transport policy and practice.
Uncovering the Indirect Impact of Work Ethic on Engineering Students’ Productivity through Positive and Negative Organizational Behaviors and Workaholism
Authors: Sattar Humayun , Syed Tasweer Hussain , Naseem Afshan , Ahmad Yasir , Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Raza Masood
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), destructive deviant behaviors (DDB), constructive deviant behaviors (CDB), and workaholism (WA) in the relationship between work ethic (WE) and the productivity of engineering students. Another objective is to present a comprehensive holistic model of relationships of these organizational behaviors (OB), attitudes, and work ethic with the productivity. Structure equation modeling (SEM) and Hayes’ processes are used to analyze the hypothesized model. Data were randomly collected from 400 participants from the universities of Pakistan. The overall assessment of the model showed that WE indirectly effects productivity through mediating variables (OCB, DDB, CDB, WA). One of the implications of this finding is that education practitioners/planners should promote work ethic (considered essential for sustainable management practices by contemporary researchers also) among engineering students. This ethic will be reflected in students’ behaviors (enhanced positive behaviors/attitudes, i.e., OCB, CDB, and WA, and reduced negative behaviors i.e., DDB) which will in turn improve their productivity. The originality of this research lies in it being the first to explore the indirect effect of Islamic work ethic (IWE) on individuals’ productivity through OCB, DDB, CDB, and WA.
Diversity Adversarial Training against Adversarial Attack on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Kwon Hyun , Lee Jun
Published: March 2021

This paper presents research focusing on visualization and pattern recognition based on computer science. Although deep neural networks demonstrate satisfactory performance regarding image and voice recognition, as well as pattern analysis and intrusion detection, they exhibit inferior performance towards adversarial examples. Noise introduction, to some degree, to the original data could lead adversarial examples to be misclassified by deep neural networks, even though they can still be deemed as normal by humans. In this paper, a robust diversity adversarial training method against adversarial attacks was demonstrated. In this approach, the target model is more robust to unknown adversarial examples, as it trains various adversarial samples. During the experiment, Tensorflow was employed as our deep learning framework, while MNIST and Fashion-MNIST were used as experimental datasets. Results revealed that the diversity training method has lowered the attack success rate by an average of 27.2 and 24.3% for various adversarial examples, while maintaining the 98.7 and 91.5% accuracy rates regarding the original data of MNIST and Fashion-MNIST.
Chaotic Compressive Spectrum Sensing Based on Chebyshev Map for Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Benazzouza Salma , Ridouani Mohammed , Salahdine Fatima , Hayar Aawatif
Published: March 2021

Recently, the chaotic compressive sensing paradigm has been widely used in many areas, due to its ability to reduce data acquisition time with high security. For cognitive radio networks (CRNs), this mechanism aims at detecting the spectrum holes based on few measurements taken from the original sparse signal. To ensure a high performance of the acquisition and recovery process, the choice of a suitable sensing matrix and the appropriate recovery algorithm should be done carefully. In this paper, a new chaotic compressive spectrum sensing (CSS) solution is proposed for cooperative CRNs based on the Chebyshev sensing matrix and the Bayesian recovery via Laplace prior. The chaotic sensing matrix is used first to acquire and compress the high-dimensional signal, which can be an interesting topic to be published in symmetry journal, especially in the data-compression subsection. Moreover, this type of matrix provides reliable and secure spectrum detection as opposed to random sensing matrix, since any small change in the initial parameters generates a different sensing matrix. For the recovery process, unlike the convex and greedy algorithms, Bayesian models are fast, require less measurement, and deal with uncertainty. Numerical simulations prove that the proposed combination is highly efficient, since the Bayesian algorithm with the Chebyshev sensing matrix provides superior performances, with compressive measurements. Technically, this number can be reduced to 20% of the length and still provides a substantial performance.
Some Results on Ricci Almost Solitons
Authors: Deshmukh Sharief , Alsodais Hana , Bin Turki Nasser
Published: March 2021

We find three necessary and sufficient conditions for an n-dimensional compact Ricci almost soliton (M,g,w,σ) to be a trivial Ricci soliton under the assumption that the soliton vector field w is a geodesic vector field (a vector field with integral curves geodesics). The first result uses condition r2≤nσr on a nonzero scalar curvature r; the second result uses the condition that the soliton vector field w is an eigen vector of the Ricci operator with constant eigenvalue λ satisfying n2λ2≥r2; the third result uses a suitable lower bound on the Ricci curvature S(w,w). Finally, we show that an n-dimensional connected Ricci almost soliton (M,g,w,σ) with soliton vector field w is a geodesic vector field with a trivial Ricci soliton, if and only if, nσ−r is a constant along integral curves of w and the Ricci curvature S(w,w) has a suitable lower bound.
Construction of Unknotted and Knotted Symmetric Developable Bands
Authors: Schönke Johannes , Grunwald Michael , Fried Eliot
Published: March 2021

We describe a method for constructing developable bands with N ≥ 3 half twists. Each band is formed by threading a flat rectangular strip through a scaffold made from identical circular cylinders and smoothly connecting its short ends. The N cylinders in a scaffold are arranged with N-fold rotational symmetry. The number of half twists in a band is equal to the number N of cylinders in its scaffold and each band inherits the symmetry of its scaffold. Each scaffold admits a family of bands of the same length but variable width up to a maximum value determined by the features of the scaffold. Apart from orientable and nonorientable unknots, our method allows for the construction of bands with the topology of torus knots. We detail the geometric properties of the construction, discuss certain fundamental restrictions that must be met to ensure constructability, and calculate the elastic bending energy of each band. The rotational symmetry underlying the construction is essential for obtaining the presented bands, as the general non-symmetric problem is even more complex and has not yet been investigated. The bands and their corresponding scaffolds can be used as structural elements in practical applications, one of which we describe and analyze. The construction serves as a basis for a general framework for building a large variety of scaffolds and the corresponding unstretchable bands. Together, these assemblies can be used in architectural, interior, and machine design. They also open new avenues for the layout of conveyor belts in factories, airports, and other settings.
The Administration of the Synbiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus 6c3 Strain, Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Decreases the Concentrations of Indoxyl Sulfate and Kidney Damage in a Rat Model
Authors: Jerez-Morales Alonso , Merino José S. , Díaz-Castillo Sindy T. , Smith Carlos T. , Fuentealba Jorge , Bernasconi Humberto , Echeverría Gerson , García-Cancino Apolinaria
Published: March 2021

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized. One group (Lac) received the mixture for 16 weeks in drinking water and the other no (Nef). A control group (C) included sham-nephrectomized rats. Serum creatinine and IS concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Optical microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy was used to study kidney and heart samples. The Lac group, which received the synbiotic, reduced IS by 0.8% while the Nef group increased it by 38.8%. Histological analysis of kidneys showed that the Lac group increased fibrotic areas by 12% and the Nef group did it by 25%. The synbiotic did not reduce cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the putative synbiotic showed that function reducing IS and the progression of CKD in a rat model, but no heart protection was observed.
Effective Drought Communication: Using the Past to Assess the Present and Anticipate the Future
Authors: Vernieuwe Hilde , De Baets Bernard , Verhoest Niko E. C.
Published: March 2021

Especially during drought events, it is important that water gets properly allocated and is not misused or wasted. For an effective drought management, it is thus of utmost importance to raise the awareness of water managers as well as the general public about the drought’s severity. In this paper, we provide two possible sources of information that can be used to communicate about drought events. To illustrate our approach, we make use of drought events that were identified in preceding work as connected components in space and time through the use of operators from the field of mathematical morphology and summarized in terms of characteristics such as affected area, duration and intensity. We demonstrate how these drought characteristics can be used to query for historical drought events that are most similar to an ongoing event, such that lessons learnt from the management of past events can be incorporated in the management of the ongoing event. Further, we also demonstrate how a probabilistic model describing the dependence structure between the drought characteristics is identified and how such model can serve as a basis to estimate the severity of the event. Both approaches provide information that can be used to communicate to laymen about the severity of the ongoing drought, which will help them to anticipate the future.
Water Insecurity in Ontario First Nations: An Exploratory Study on Past Interventions and the Need for Indigenous Water Governance
Authors: Arsenault Rachel
Published: March 2021

In 2018, I began an exploratory study involving fourteen Ontario First Nation participants that examined some First Nation water security challenges and opportunities. In acknowledgment that many of the government assessments, reports, and investments to date have failed, this study aims to determine the causes of the water crisis as well as potential solutions by sharing Indigenous perspectives and recommendations on water governance and security. During the study, Indigenous participants were asked interview questions regarding their water and wastewater systems, their historical and current water security conditions, and if they had recommendations for achieving water security in First Nations. The analysis from these interviews demonstrated that there were ten different themes for water security and insecurity in First Nation communities as well as a set of four recommendations shared by the fourteen participants. The participant recommendations are: (1) that Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Indigenous laws be included in water security initiatives and water governance; (2) that provincial and federal governments work with Indigenous communities on their water security challenges and opportunities; (3) that First Nation leadership develops and implements community water protection plans; (4) that Indigenous communities establish an oversight committee or body for monitoring tourist ventures and extractive development projects such as mining on their territories. This paper will also discuss how an Indigenous research paradigm can be applied during the research process to ensure that the information is captured from the Indigenous perspectives of the participants.
Urban Groundwater Contamination by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Jurado Anna , Vázquez-Suñé Enric , Pujades Estanislao
Published: March 2021

Pharmaceuticals, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their metabolites, have become a major concern due to their increasing consumption and their widespread occurrence in the environment. In this paper, we investigate the occurrence of NSAIDs and their metabolites in an urban aquifer, which may serve as a potential resource for drinking water, and propose a methodology to assess the removal of these substances in the river–groundwater interface. Then, risk quotients (RQs) are computed, in order to determine the risk posed by the single NSAIDs and their mixture to human health. To this end, six NSAIDs and two metabolites were collected from an urban aquifer located in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (NE, Spain), in which the major pollution source is a contaminated river. All of the target NSAIDs were detected in groundwater samples, where the concentrations in the aquifer were higher than those found in the river water (except for ibuprofen). Diclofenac, ketoprofen, propyphenazone and salicylic acid were detected at high mean concentrations (ranging from 91.8 ng/L to 225.2 ng/L) in the aquifer. In contrast, phenazone and mefenamic acid were found at low mean concentrations (i.e., lower than 25 ng/L) in the aquifer. According to the proposed approach, the mixing of river water recharge into the aquifer seemed to some extent to promote the removal of the NSAIDs under the sub-oxic to denitrifying conditions found in the groundwater. The NSAIDs that presented higher mean removal values were 4OH diclofenac (0.8), ibuprofen (0.78), salicylic acid (0.35) and diclofenac (0.28), which are likely to be naturally attenuated under the aforementioned redox conditions. Concerning human health risk assessment, the NSAIDs detected in groundwater and their mixture do not pose any risk for all age intervals considered, as the associated RQs were all less than 0.05. Nevertheless, this value must be taken with caution, as many pharmaceuticals might occur simultaneously in the groundwater.
A New, Catchment-Scale Integrated Water Quality Model of Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Phytoplankton: INCA-Phosphorus Ecology (PEco)
Authors: Crossman Jill , Bussi Gianbattista , Whitehead Paul , Butterfield Daniel , Lannergård Emma , Futter Martyn
Published: March 2021

Process-based models are commonly used to design management strategies to reduce excessive algal growth and subsequent hypoxia. However, management targets typically focus on phosphorus control, under the assumption that successful nutrient reduction will solve hypoxia issues. Algal responses to nutrient drivers are not linear and depend on additional biotic and abiotic controls. In order to generate a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of nutrient control strategies, independent nutrient, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and algal models must be coupled, which can increase overall uncertainty. Here, we extend an existing process-based phosphorus model (INtegrated CAtchment model of Phosphorus dynamics) to include biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and algal growth and decay (INCA-PEco). We applied the resultant model in two eutrophied mesoscale catchments with continental and maritime climates. We assessed effects of regional differences in climate and land use on parameter importance during calibration using a generalised sensitivity analysis. We successfully reproduced in-stream total phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment, DO, BOD and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations across a range of temporal scales, land uses and climate regimes. While INCA-PEco is highly parameterized, model uncertainty can be significantly reduced by focusing calibration and monitoring efforts on just 18 of those parameters. Specifically, calibration time could be optimized by focusing on hydrological parameters (base flow, Manning’s n and river depth). In locations with significant inputs of diffuse nutrients, e.g., in agricultural catchments, detailed data on crop growth and nutrient uptake rates are also important. The remaining parameters provide flexibility to the user, broaden model applicability, and maximize its functionality under a changing climate.
Vétérinaires des armées en opérations extérieures : défis et perspectives
Authors: Cabre Olivier , Roqueplo Cédric , Watier-Grillot Stéphanie , Dumas Emmanuel , Demoncheaux Jean-Paul
Published: March 2021

Les missions des vétérinaires des armées en opérations extérieures sont variées, exigeantes et essentielles pour la protection de la santé de la force déployée. L’exercice des compétences vétérinaires sur un théâtre d’opération est rendu difficile par l’environnement d’emploi, dans des contextes sécuritaires et sanitaires pouvant être très dégradés. L’exécution des missions en opérations extérieures nécessite l’acquisition et le maintien de compétences solides, pouvant ne pas être usuellement rattachées à la profession vétérinaire et nécessitant des compléments de formation interne au sein du service de santé des armées. La qualité de l’expertise des vétérinaires des armées est reconnue et recherchée sur les théâtres d’opérations extérieures. Le périmètre de leurs missions est amené à s’élargir davantage, en particulier dans le domaine de l’hygiène en campagne, illustrant ainsi une véritable mise en œuvre du concept « One Health / Une seule santé » visant à protéger les militaires de l’ensemble des risques sanitaires auxquels ils sont susceptibles d’être exposés en opérations.
Antioxidant Potential of Chestnut Shell, Stinging Nettle, Kiwi Fruit and Citrus Fruit Extracts and Antimicrobial Effects Against Some Fish Pathogens
Authors: KOBYA Orhan , KARA Büşra , UZUN YAYLACI Ecren , ÇAĞLAK Emre
Published: March 2021

The use of antioxidants and antibacterial compounds obtained from natural sources is important for human and animal health, as well as for controlling diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluates the antioxidant potentials and antibacterial effects of water extracts of C. sativa, U. dioica, A. deliciosa and C. aurantium against selected Gram-negative (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio ponticus and Aeromonas veronii) and Gram-positive (Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria. The results indicated that all extracts showed antibacterial activity against one or more species of bacteria. The chestnut shell extract had the highest DPPH inhibition (87.03 %) followed by citrus fruit (80.40 %). The most susceptible bacteria were V. harveyi (32.05 mm zone diameter) and, V. campbellii (21.66 mm zone diameter) and the resistant species were V. anguillarum, V. ponticus and A. veronii. The results show that plant extracts have the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture and as an antioxidant agent in processing technology.
Landslides and floods zonation using geomorphological analyses in a dynamic basin of Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada Román Adolfo
Published: March 2021

Despite of the geomorphological diversity of Central America and Costa Rica, there are few detailed geomorphological studies in the region. A 1:25,000 geomorphological analyses of the Upper General River Basin (UGRB) located in the southeast in Costa Rica is presented, based on the interpretation of aerial photographs and field geomorphological mapping. First, a morphometric analysis was performed to calculate and analyze seven variables that were merged in order to produce the flood and landslides susceptibility maps. Second, a total of 43 types of landforms divided genetically into endogenic (tectonic), and exogenic (fluvial, gravitational, and glacial) features are mapped for an area of 1560 km2. Finally, a geomorphological hazard map with the zonation of the different susceptibility levels of landslides and floods were performed. This cartography is important in terms of geomorphological evolution, disaster risk reduction as well as for land use planning for approximately 40,000 inhabitants. The presented methodology can also be applied in other developing countries for different purposes such as landscape evolution, morphogenetic detailed maps, disaster risk reduction, and land use planning.
Work Engagement of Public Elementary School Teachers and Organizational Support
Authors: Basañes Runato A. , Dagol Junelene May C.
Published: March 2021

Objective - The primary purpose of this research work is to determine the relationship between work engagement of public elementary school (PES) teachers and organizational support in the District of San Jose, Schools Division of Antique, Philippines.
Methodology/Technique - Descriptive-correlational design was employed in undertaking this study. A total sample of 167 was purposively selected among the PES teachers in San Jose District, Schools Division of Antique for the survey. The researchers adapted the accomplished Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form of teachers and Eisenberger's (1986) perceived Organizational Support Scale for the study.
Findings – The results show that PES teachers' level of work engagement was very satisfactory in all of 4 work engagement aspects - teaching-learning process, student outcomes, community involvement, and professional growth and development. The results also indicated that the PES teachers have a high organizational support level when the different variables were considered in this study - teaching load, teaching position, sex, and marital status. Moreover, looking into the PES teachers' work engagement, a significant difference was noted in community involvement when grouped according to teaching load; and professional growth and development when grouped according to sex. However, no significant difference was noted in all aspects when grouped according to a teaching position and marital status. A significant difference was also pointed out in organizational support in terms of teaching load, teaching position, sex, and marital status. Finally, there was no significant relationship between work engagement and organizational support of PES teachers.
Novelty - The study suggests that the Department of Education subjects its personnel to continuing education, training, seminars, and values formation activities to help teachers become more effective in delivering their daily obligations, engage in their work for skills development, and make them feel they are given much attention by the organization where they belong.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: A23, I20, I25.
Keywords: Community Involvement; Organizational Support; Professional Growth and Development; Student Outcomes; Teaching-learning Process; Work Engagement
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Basañes, R.A; Dagol, J.M.C. (2021). Work Engagement of Public Elementary School Teachers and Organizational Support, Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 6(1) 01 – 15. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.1(1)
The Impact of Culture on Impulse Buying Behavior in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Fairuz , Mehjabeen Melita
Published: March 2021

Objective: The primary aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of culture on impulse buying behavior for an emerging nation, Bangladesh.
Methodology: After conducting a detailed literature review, a questionnaire survey was developed. Using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling, a sample size of 351 was attained. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to understand the six cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model and impulse purchasing behavior, and OLS multiple regression was performed to test the association of the dimensions of culture with impulse buying behavior.
Findings: The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between masculinity and impulse buying behavior. Surprisingly, the results suggest that the other five cultural dimensions do not have any significant association with impulse buying behavior, implying that these specific cultural constructs do not influence consumers' impulse buying behavior in Bangladesh.
Novelty: Typically, academic research has focused on the individualism/collectivism or power distance dimensions at the cultural level primarily on the developed countries’ context, therefore, calling for further research including several dimensions of Hofstede's cultural model. The novelty of the paper lies in its consideration of including all six dimensions of Hofstede’s model in the context of an emerging nation.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: M31, M39.

Keywords: Impulse Buying Behavior; Culture; Emerging Economy; Bangladesh; Hofstede
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Chowdhury, F; Mehjabeen, M. (2021). The Impact of Culture on Impulse Buying Behavior in Bangladesh, Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 6(1) 73 – 85. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.1(8)
High-pressure effects on La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal using diamond anvil cell with dual-probe diamond electrodes
Authors: Yamamoto Sayaka , Matsumoto Ryo , Adachi Shintaro , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: March 2021

The high-pressure phase of La(O,F)BiS2 exhibits the highest transition temperature among all the BiS2-based superconductors. Various studies, such as the investigation of isotope effects, have been conducted to explain its superconducting mechanism. However, there are very few reports on the electrical transport properties and vibration modes of single-crystalline La(O,F)BiS2 under high pressure. In this study, we developed a diamond anvil cell with dual-probe diamond electrodes to measure the electrical transport properties of La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal and Pb as a manometer at low temperature. Using the developed system, a linear decrease in the transition temperature and phonon hardening was observed under the application of pressure on La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal.
THE ABILITY OF THE SECOND YEARS STUDENTS OF SMAN 2 SUNGAI PENUH IN USING QUESTION TAGS
Authors: Yelnim Yelnim , Kartawijaya Sukarta , Sherlin Intan
Published: March 2021

This reseach is aimed at analyzing the ability of the scond years student’s of SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh in using qestion tag. This research was done at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh. The prposes of the reseach are (1) To know the student’s ability ini using tag in English sentences. (2) To Know, what the student’s weakness using question tag in English sentences.(3)To now, wha the efort taken by teacher to improve student’s ability using question tag in English Sentences. The analysis focuses on learning about question tag. The data are collected by using obsevational method in collecting data, gives test some student’s with 20 item test. The informan of the reseacrh is 10 student’s each of class as sample. The analysis is coducted by using descripive quantiative method which is meant to envelope fact, situation, variable and phenomenon that happen a te time when the reseach takes places and present in with reality. The result shows that the student wakness in using question tag in english sentences. (1) the ability of student in using question tag in sentences low category with score 57% (2) the stdents did not know concept in each of sentences. (3) the student could not difference word that added s or es.
Smart Parking with Fair Selection and Imposing Higher Privacy Constraints in Parking Owner and Driver Information
Authors: B Vivekanadam
Published: March 2021

The use of private cars has enhanced the comfort of travel of individuals, but has proven to be a challenge for parking in congested downtown areas and metropolitans. This hike in the vehicle count has led to difficulty among the drivers to find a parking spot, exploiting resources and time. On the other hand, there are many idle private parking spots that remain inaccessible because of multiple reasons like unavailable owners, different open timings and so on. In order to prevent parking issues as well as to enable the use of private parking spots, smart parking applications that are easy to use by the drivers will prove to be highly effective. However, most parking lot owners and drivers face the threat of privacy which affects their willingness to participate while many others are located in a centralized location where the presence of malicious users is in plenty. In this proposed work, we have introduced a smart-parking system that is based on blockchain exhibiting qualities of privacy protection, reliability and fairness. To protect the privacy of users, vector-based encryption, bloom filters and group signatures are also insisted. This has helped us establish a more reliable smart parking system coupled with fair operation for smart contact. Experimental analysis of the real-world dataset indicates that the proposed work operates with high efficiency, establishing privacy protection, reliability and fairness.
Relações públicas em tempos de pandemia: Uma análise do projeto Apoie SB, realizado na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rhoden Valmor , Andres Fernanda Sagrilo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a prática de Relações Públicas durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19), em 2020. O Curso de Relações Públicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), campus São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul, RS), por meio do trabalho colaborativo de professores e alunos, criou e executou o projeto de extensão universitária Apoie SB. Os objetivos principais da iniciativa foram fomentar e contribuir com a economia local, por meio da divulgação de produtos e serviços de pequenos negócios e de microempreendedores. Cerca de 150 pessoas e empresas se inscreveram. A metodologia usada na execução do projeto foi a pesquisa participante. Os resultados mostram que a iniciativa obteve resultados satisfatórios, sendo que mais de 20 mil pessoas foram impactadas direta ou indiretamente, com mais de R$ 20 mil em mídia gratuita alcançados. O trabalho destaca a importância das estratégias de Relações Públicas para atingir objetivos institucionais em tempos de crise, como a pandemia de COVID-19.
Palavras-chave: São Borja; UNIPAMPA; Empreendedorismo
Public relations in pandemic times: An analysis of the project Apoie SB held on the western frontier of Rio Grande do Sul State
Abstract: This article presents a reflection on Public Relations’ practices during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. The Public Relations Graduation Course at Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), campus São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), through the collaborative work of teachers and students, created and executed the university extension project named Apoie SB. The main objectives of this initiative were to contribute to the local economy, promoting products and services of small businesses and micro-entrepreneurs. About 150 people and companies signed up. The methodology applied to the project was the participant observation. Results showed that the initiative obtained satisfactory outcomes, with over 20 thousand people being directly or indirectly impacted and reaching more than 20 thousand reais (near 4.000 US dollars) in free media. The importance of Public Relations strategies in achieving institutional goals during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic was discussed.
Keywords: São Borja; UNIPAMPA; Entrepreneurship
The Historical Origins of the Proportionality Doctrine as a tool of Judicial Review: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Dr. Syed Raza Shah Gilani  , Dr. Ilyas Khan  , Shehla Zahoor
Published: March 2021

It is a fact that the doctrine of Militant Democracy is essential to protect society from the threat of terrorism. On the other hand, we should not ignore the element of its interpretive nature, which means that there is an apprehension that the states having a poor human rights record may use it to achieve their ulterior motives while damaging the fundamental rights of the individual. In Europe, the ECtHR and domestic courts at the national level are duty-bound to save these fundamental rights. Hence, the doctrine of proportionality is an essential tool to check the militant democracy measures on the fundamental freedoms and human rights. To understand the authenticity of the doctrine of proportionality, it is essential to establish its origin and stages of evolution, because this will enable me to explore the use of this doctrine, which is adopted by many nations, before analyzing its use in the UK’s legal system.
The Effect of Integrative Pedagogy on Academic Achievements of Chemistry Students
Authors: Dr. Khisro Kaleem Raza  , Dr. Niaz Muhammad Aajiz  , Dr. Alam Zeb
Published: March 2021

The study in hand aimed to determine the effects of integrative pedagogy over the academic performance of secondary school students in the subject of Chemistry. The study was conducted in an experimental framework following the Solomon Four Group Design. A total sample of 120 students of 10th class was randomly taken from 4 private sector Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The sample was divided into 4 groups, each having 30 students. Giving a randomized treatment to the groups, two groups were taken as experimental while two were taken as controlled. One experimental and one controlled group were pre-tested for Chemistry subject performance through objective achievement tests, while others were not pre-tested. Both experimental groups were taught through integrative pedagogy while the controlled groups were taught through the traditional method for three months. After regular monthly post-testing, the triplicate data revealed an 11-point average increase in the academic performance of chemistry students in both the experimental groups in comparison to the controlled groups.
ACTIO PAULIANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN BAGI KREDITOR MENURUT KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG (PKPU)
Authors: Mantili Rai
Published: March 2021

Actio Pauliana is the right given to a creditor to cancel the debtor’s agreement with a third party. The purpose of this actio pauliana is to avoid losses from its creditors, by requesting the court to cancel the debtor’s legal action which is deemed to be detrimental to his creditors. Actio Pauliana provisions apart from being regulated in the Civil Code, are also regulated in Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Repayment Obligation (UUKPKPU). However, the two rules have several diff erences. In this paper, the author wants to explain about Actio Pauliana which is regulated in the Civil Code and Actio Pauliana which is regulated in UUKPKPU in order to provide protection for creditors. This writing gives the result that Actio Pauliana’s lawsuit which is regulated in the Civil Code is submitted to the District Court and cannot be justifi ed and can take a long time. Unlike the case with Actio Pauliana which is regulated in the UUPKPU, the fi ling of a lawsuit is made to the Commercial Court and can be proven simply so that it can provide more protection for creditors.
PENERAPAN PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PROSEDUR MEDIASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19. (STUDI DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KAB. KEDIRI)
Authors: Handayani Emi Puasa , Arifin Zainal
Published: March 2021

This article is the outcome of research aimed at took two problems. First, what is the procedure for the mediation process in accordance with the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016. Second, how is the implementation of Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016, during the Covid 19 pandemic at the Kediri District Religious Court. The method used in this research is juridical empirical. The research steps taken were: First, the researcher visited the Kediri District Religious Court offi ce. To fi nd initial data, and interviewed the data source, then processed and presented according to the theory used. The theory used is the legal system. In essence, there are three components in law, namely substance, structure and culture (society). The research found two things, namely: fi rst, that Mediation based on the regulations of the Supreme Court is carried out in three stages, fi rst is pre-mediation, the second stage is the application of mediation and the third stage is the implementation of mediation. The second fi nding is that the implementation of Perma RI Number: 1 of 2016 concerning mediation during the Covid 19 pandemic at the Kediri District Religious Court deviates from the established legal basis. The judge still gave a verdict or sentenced him, even though the Petitioner did not come at the time of mediation on the grounds of the Covid 19 Pandemic.
STUDY OF THE GENERAL TOXIC PROPERTIES OF THE ANTI-TB DRUG THIOSONIDE
Authors: Savchenko A. Yu. , Burenkov М. S. , Baidin Р. S. , Ramenskaya G. V. , Kukes V. G.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of the substance – thiosonide - in experiments on rabbits and rats. The animals received doses ranging from therapeutic to 75 times higher. The drug in studied doses did not cause any significant changes in body weight increase of animals, behavioral reactions, food and water consumption. There were no changes in the biochemical and cellular composition of peripheral blood, the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, carbohydrate metabolism, and the functional state of the cardiovascular system. In the work of the central nervous system, a slight decrease in motor activity was observed in male rats that were long-term treated with a drug substance in a dose of 100 mg/kg (more than 10 times higher than the therapeutic dose). A local irritant effect in the gastrointestinal tract of experimental rats was noted according to the results of histological studies, most pronounced under the influence of the drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg. According to the results of histological studies, minor dystrophic changes in the liver, kidneys and myocardium were found in some animals under the influence of a drug substance at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Thus, the active substance of the anti-tuberculosis drug does not have toxic properties that limit its long-term use, which allows us to consider it as a promising tool for inclusion in the basic long-term courses of treatment of the disease.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF A NEW BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE WITH ANTITHROMBOGENIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Spasov A. A. , Kucheryavenko A. F. , Maltsev D. V. , Miroshnikov М. V. , Sirotenko V. S. , Sultanova К. Т. , Gaidukova К. A. , Skripka М. О.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the toxicological profile of a new pharmaceutical substance RU891 with antithrombogenic properties. The minimum toxic dose (TDmin) for RU-891 by peroral administration is 230 mg/kg < TDmin ≤ 460 mg/kg. In experiments on the acute toxicity of the compound RU-891, the nature and severity of its damaging effect on the body of experimental animals were established and the safety of its action was evaluated. When studying the toxic effect of the test sample, the tolerated and toxic doses of RU-891 were determined, and the most sensitive organs and systems of the body were identified.
Physico-chemical conditions at Watlab ghat in Wular lake, Kashmir
Authors: Parveen Saltanat , Ganai Altaf H.
Published: March 2021

The present limnological investigations include analysis of various physico- chemical parameters at the selected site in Wular lake, Kashmir (a Ramsar site) from March, 2007 to February, 2008. The aim of current study was to evaluate the status of the Wular lake water on the basis of different physico-chemical conditions. The water depth ranged from 1.35 (m) to 2.60 (m). The pH of the water was on alkaline side throughout the study period. The lake depicted the usual cation progression: Ca > Mg. The lake can be categorized as calcium rich after Ohle (1934). Specific conductance was found low in spring and summer. High values of transparency were recorded in winter. The lake water is typical hard water type. The alkalinity was due to bicarbonates only. High values of both NO3–N (338 ?g/L) and PO4–P (203 ?g/L) were recorded during summer. Statistical analysis was also carried out to find out the degree of relationship between various abiotic factors. Dissolved oxygen showed significant negative correlation with water temperature (r = –0.839), whereas significant positive correlation with pH (r = 0.854) at the selected site. pH showed significant negative correlation with water temperature (r = –0.777) and CO2 (r = –0.854) respectively, at the selected site.
Assessment of spatio-temporal changes in characteristics of industrial waste water in Dehradun region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Ramola Bharti , Singh Ajay
Published: March 2021

Spatial and temporal changes in the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, TSS, BOD, COD and concentration of toxic metals viz. cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were assessed in the waste water contaminated with untreated or inadequately pretreated industrial effluents from pharmaceutical industries located in Selaqui area and sugar industry and distillery located in Doiwala area of Dehradun. Four effluent samples A, B, C, D collected from manufacturing and processing industries located in the study area and two ground water samples E1 & E2 contiguous to Selaqui industrial hub and Doiwala industrial stretch respectively, were analyzed  using standard physico-chemical methods. In order to delimit the temporal changes in parameters, samples were collected in three batches at three consecutive seasons of a year. Analyses at STP condition revealed that pH values of ground water samples remained fairly unchanged at 7.01 + 0.14 & 6.98 + 0.04 for E1 & E2 respectively, for two regional variations and three seasonal variations. EC (mmho/cm) varied non-uniformly with highest value of 0.479 observed for sample A in batch 1 whereas lowest value of 0.122 recorded for sample D in batch 3. TDS in effluents of distillery and sugar industry were found to be 3-6 folds higher than the same for effluents from pharmaceutical industries across all seasons. BOD and COD values for the effluents of distillery and sugar industries were recorded unexpectedly higher than corresponding values in effluents from pharmaceutical industries in all the three batches. TSS was very high in the range of 1500 to 4500 mg/l in all the effluent samples except the ground water samples. Highest concentration of heavy metal detected was iron with concentration of 10.80 mg/l. Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni were found to be above the permissible limit recommended by WHO standards. A plausible analysis is made to interpret the wide range variation of the parameters in the light of spatial and temporal change aspects and necessary pretreatment measures to bring down the magnitude of contamination within consent level are suggested.
Water quality profile of fresh water wetland of Atpadi in Sangli District, Maharashtra (India)
Authors: Patil Alaka A.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a study on influence on environmental parameters on water quality at wetland of Atpadi in Atpadi tehsil of Sangli district on the basis of water quality index (WQI). WQI was determined on the basis of various parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, total dissolved solids and biological oxygen demand for which no earlier reports are available on these water bodies. During this investigation, it was observed that some parameters are within the range prescribed by World Health Organization, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standard etc. But some parameters are beyond the permissible limit.
Biotherapeutics and its applications in Microbiology
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Chaudhary Vishu
Published: March 2021

Biotherapeutics is a rapidly growing segment of the entire pharmaceutical industry that constitutes approximately one-quarter of ongoing new drug endorsements. Monoclonal antibodies are a major part of these endorsements every year (mAbs). MAbs' non-clinical pharmacology and toxicology research compare with substance components during progression, since these biotherapeutics are extracted from an organic source, and to inspire a pharmacological reaction, the creature models must also have similar epitopes (focuses) as individuals. Biotherapeutic items (BTPs) are the quickest developing drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Despite their clinical achievement, the immunogenicity of BTPs keeps on being a significant concern. The subcutaneous (SC) course is to cultivate a passion for the organisation of biotherapeutics. Both monoclonal antibodies and various biotherapeutics are discussed. Medicine has been disrupted by biotherapeutic drugs (BPs), altering the way we treat a few processes. Comparative BPs (SBPs) are discussed here, also called biosimilars, including the assembly process and administrative viewpoints used. Monoclonal antibodies can apply synergistic antitumour impacts in blend with other immunomodulatory approaches, for example, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, directed treatment specialists, immunisations, or different immunomodulators. Probiotics have gotten profoundly perceived as enhancements for people and specifically for creatures given their gainful result on wellbeing improvement and prosperity support.
COVID-19 disinformation and political engagement among communities of color: The role of media literacy
Authors: Austin Erica Weintraub , Borah Porismita , Domgaard Shawn
Published: March 2021

Communities of color, suffering equity gaps and disproportionate COVID-19 effects, also must resist ongoing disinformation campaigns designed to impede their political influence. A representative, national survey (N=1264) of adults conducted June-July 2020 found that nonwhite respondents tended to report less COVID-19 knowledge, media literacy, and voting intent than white respondents, but more acceptance of COVID-19 disinformation and for risks associated with protesting for social justice. General media literacy skills are associated with COVID-19 knowledge and political engagement, while science media literacy is associated with less acceptance of COVID-19 disinformation. Media literacy skills appear important for empowering and informing communities of color.