bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forêts françaises en crise : nature, climat, société. Analyse et propositions des ONG de conservation de la nature
Authors: Chevassus-au-Louis Bernard , Badré Michel , Hirbec Patrick , Favrel Adeline , Khatib Sarah , Abel Jean-David , Le Bouler Hervé , Muller Yves , Zucca Maxime , Azam Clémentine , Ducousso Alexis , Michau Emmanuel , Debaive Nicolas , Vallauri Daniel
Published: January 2022

Les six ONG de conservation de la nature auteures de cet article proposent leur argumentaire pour une évolution de la politique forestière nationale. Celui-ci est fondé suivant cinq grands principes de gestion du bien commun que sont les forêts : 1. Assurer une gestion multifonctionnelle valorisant tous les services écologiques des forêts ; 2. Mettre la biodiversité au coeur de la politique forestière pour faciliter l’adaptation de la gestion ; 3. Accroître l’écoute des attentes de la société, pour mieux y répondre ; 4. Mettre forêts et forestiers en capacité de répondre pleinement aux enjeux inédits de la crise climatique ; 5. Insérer les forêts dans l’aménagement du territoire comme infrastructure verte de l’économie. Ensuite, les six ONG recommandent une orientation politique générale consistant à fonder toute politique forestière sur la charte constitutionnelle de l’environnement de 2004 et proposent 21 mesures structurelles ou opérationnelles.
Cent ans de dynamique forestière spontanée en plein petit âge glaciaire dans le Pays de Bitche, Lorraine
Authors: Schnitzler Annik
Published: January 2022

Cette étude analyse un document historique datant de 1758, dénommé l’Atlas topographique du comté de Bitche, situé au nord-est de la France. Ce document signé d’un ingénieur français a été élaboré au cours du petit âge glaciaire, après une période d’abandon des usages d’environ 100 ans en raison de graves troubles politiques. Il y décrit les hêtraies-chênaies (âge, dimensions, état sanitaire, régénération) du Pays de Bitche, afin d’en évaluer les richesses forestières. Par conversion des données qualitatives de l’atlas en données semi-quantitatives, il a été possible de reconstituer les paysages de l’époque. Les correspondances âges et diamètres proposés par l’atlas ont été réévaluées par carottages d’arbres actuels. Les résultats indiquent une hêtraie mature dominée par le Hêtre, très riche en gros bois et très gros bois incluant aussi une grande quantité de chênes morts par compétition avec le hêtre et stress climatiques répétés. La meilleure résistance du hêtre aux stress climatiques est discutée.
Valuation de la ressource territoriale et formes de circularité : la labellisation dans la filière forêt-bois française (Alpes, Jura, Vosges)
Authors: Lenglet Jonathan , Peyrache-Gadeau Véronique
Published: January 2022

La multiplication des labels territoriaux dans le secteur forêt-bois semble s’inscrire en réponse aux pressions croissantes et combinées d’une économie mondialisée et aux exigences sociales et environnementales, conditions d’un développement durable. Partant des développements récents en économie territoriale, nous élargissons la question de la spécification de la ressource bois par l’analyse des modalités de sa valuation. À travers l’étude des démarches de labellisation dans les Alpes, les Vosges et le Jura, nous analysons les portefeuilles de valeur construits et mobilisés par le collectif et nous mettons en évidence les différentes formes de circularité qui y sont liées. Nous montrons que les labels bois se construisent de plus en plus sur des valeurs de territorialité, à travers l’activation de différentes formes de proximité. Encore très récentes, ces démarches s’instiguent en « contre-normes » et remettent en cause le modèle productif dominant sur la base d’alternatives territorialisées.
Effet de la hauteur de prélèvement sur la composition quantitative et qualitative des polyphénols de l’écorce d’Abies alba Mill.
Authors: Gérardin Pauline , Fritsch Clément , Cosgun Sylvain , Brennan Maree , Dumarçay Stéphane , Colin Francis , Gérardin Philippe
Published: January 2022

L’écorce de résineux, cultivés dans un but commercial, est une source potentielle précieuse de métabolites secondaires tels que les polyphénols. Les tannins, qui font partie des polyphénols présents dans l’écorce, sont utilisés dans la fabrication d’adhésifs et de résines, mais également en tant qu’agent de tannage, antibactérien, antifongique, antitermite et antioxydant. Peu d’informations existent à propos du rendement et de la composition des extraits d’écorce en fonction de la hauteur de l’échantillon prélevé dans le tronc ainsi qu’en fonction de la présence ou l’absence de branches. Cette étude a pour but d’examiner la variabilité des métabolites secondaires présents dans l’écorce d’Abies alba à la fois en fonction de la hauteur de l’échantillon prélevé dans un arbre, mais également la variabilité présente à des hauteurs spécifiques entre plusieurs arbres. La finalité de cette étude est de déterminer quelle fraction d’écorce contient le plus d’extractibles chez cette essence. Pour cela, huit arbres ont été sélectionnés dans lesquels un maximum de treize disques a été coupé tout le long du tronc. Ces échantillons ont été prélevés en bas du tronc à une hauteur de 30 cm du sol puis à différentes hauteurs Ces différentes hauteurs ont été choisies pour des raisons industrielles (hauteur limite pour le bois d’œuvre ou pour l’utilisation industrielle) mais également pour des raisons physiologiques (hauteur à la base du houppier, hauteur de la première branche verte…). Les échantillons prélevés ont été broyés puis extraits avec un mélange eau/éthanol (1 :1, v/v) en réalisant une extraction accélérée à chaud et sous pression. Une première étude quantitative est réalisée pour connaître la quantité d’extractibles totale présente dans l’écorce. La seconde étude est qualitative, afin de connaître quels types d’extractibles sont présents dans ces écorces. Ces extraits ont donc été examinés par chromatographie liquide couplée à un spectromètre UV-visible et un spectromètre de masse .Les résultats ont montré que la composition de l’extrait total d’écorce augmente en même temps que la hauteur dans le tronc. La proportion la plus élevée en composés polyphénoliques se trouve dans la section inférieure sous la couronne.
Special Issue on High Performance Abrasive Technologies
Authors: Yamada Takazo , Ohashi Kazuhito , Suzuki Hirofumi , Yui Akinori
Published: January 2022

Demand for the high-precision and high-efficiency machining of hard ceramics, such as silicon carbide for semiconductors and hardened steel for molding dies, has significantly increased for optical and medical devices as well as for powered devices in automobiles. Certain types of hard metals can be machined by deterministic precision-cutting processes. However, hard and brittle ceramics, hardened steel for molds, and semiconductor materials have to be machined using precision abrasive technologies, such as grinding, polishing, and ultrasonic vibration technologies that use diamond super abrasives. The machining of high-precision components and their molds/dies using abrasive processes is very difficult due to their complex and nondeterministic natures as well as their complex textured surfaces. Furthermore, the development of new cutting-edge tools or machining methods and the active use of physicochemical phenomena are key to the development of high-precision and high-efficiency machining.

This special issue features 11 research papers on the most recent advances in precision abrasive technologies. These papers cover the following topics:

- Characteristics of abrasive grains in creep-feed grinding

- Quantitative evaluation of the surface profiles of grinding wheels

- ELID grinding using elastic wheels

- Nano-topographies of ground surfaces

- Novel grinding wheels

- Grinding characteristics of turbine blade materials

- Polishing mechanisms

- Polishing technologies using magnetic fluid slurries

- Application of ultrasonic vibration machining

- Turning and rotary cutting technologies

This issue is expected to help its readers to understand recent developments in abrasive technologies and to lead to further research.

We deeply appreciate the careful work of all the authors, and we thank the reviewers for their incisive efforts.
Microscopic Wear Characteristics of Ceramic Grinding Wheel in Creep Feed Grinding
Authors: Fujimoto Masakazu , Shimizu Keisuke ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai University 1 Takaya Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan,   Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with the microscopic wear characteristics of ceramic (Seeded Gel, SG) grinding wheels used in creep feed grinding. Creep feed grinding experiments with SG grinding wheels were carried out compared to rose-pink alumina (RA) grinding wheels. To clear the wear characteristics of the wheel working surface in creep feed grinding, changes in the shapes of grain cutting edges were observed by a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). This is a self-sharpening phenomenon based on micro fractures generated on the top of SG grain cutting edges. On the other hand, large fracture and attritious wear effected RA grain cutting edges. In addition, the features of any grain cutting edges were evaluated using attritious wear flat percentage. Changes in attritious wear flat percentage of SG grits maintained constant value and were stable. From these results, the influence of wear mode of the grinding wheel on grinding characteristics parameter, such as grinding force and workpiece surface roughness, is understood.
Evaluation of the Relationship Among Dressing Conditions Using Prismatic Dresser, Dressing Resistance, and Grinding Characteristics
Authors: Uchida Gen , Yamada Takazo , Ichihara Kouichi , Harada Makoto , Kohara Tatsuya ,   College of Science and Technology, Nihon University 1-8-14 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan,   Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Yokosuka, Japan
Published: January 2022

In the grinding process, the grinding wheel surface condition changes depending on the dressing conditions, which affects the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance. Several studies have been reported on the practical application of dressing using prismatic dressers in recent years. However, only a few studies that quantitatively evaluate the effects of differences in dressing conditions using prismatic dresser on the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance have been reported. Thus, this study aims to evaluate quantitatively the effect of the difference in dressing conditions using the prismatic dresser on the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance by focusing on the dressing resistance. In the experiment, dressing is performed by changing the dressing lead and the depth of dressing cut with a prismatic dresser, and the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance are measured. Consequently, by increasing the dressing lead and the depth of dressing cut, the ground surface roughness increased, and the grinding resistance decreased. This phenomenon was caused by the increase in dressing resistance when the dressing lead and the depth of dressing cut were increased, which caused a change in the grinding wheel surface condition. Furthermore, the influence of the difference in dressing conditions using the prismatic dresser on the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance can be quantitatively evaluated by using the dressing resistance.
Effect of the Abrasive Grain Distribution on Ground Surface Roughness
Authors: Yoshihara Nobuhito ,   Iwate University  4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan, Takahashi Haruki , Mizuno Masahiro
Published: January 2022

In order to reduce the grinding surface roughness, it is necessary to optimize the grinding conditions; this requires clear understanding of the relationship between the grinding conditions and ground surface roughness. Therefore, various studies have been carried out over the decades on the ground surface roughness and have proposed statistical grinding theory to define the relationship between the grinding conditions and ground surface roughness. However, the statistical grinding theory does not consider a few grinding conditions such as abrasive grain shape and distribution of abrasive grain, which affect the ground surface roughness. In this study, we construct a statistical grinding theory that considers the effect of abrasive grain distribution and improves the accuracy of the theoretical analysis of the ground surface roughness.
Effect of Types of Grinding Fluid on Grinding Characteristics of CMSX4
Authors: Ikari Tatsuki , Kitajima Takayuki , Yui Akinori ,   Mechanical Systems Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan 1-10-20 Hashirimuzu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan
Published: January 2022

Nickel-based heat-resistant alloys are widely used for fabricating the turbine blades in gas turbine engines. An increase in the number of such engines operated by air carriers will increase the demand for high-efficiency machining of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys. However, the high-efficiency grinding of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys is challenging because of their low thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, high chemical activity, large work-hardening properties, and high-temperature strength. In this work, the authors propose a high-efficiency grinding technique that uses speed-stroke grinding of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, and aim to clarify the optimum grinding conditions for the proposed grinding method. The workpiece material is CMSX4 used for the turbine blades. A Cubitron + WA grinding wheel and WA grinding wheel mounted on a linear motor-driven surface grind machines are used for grinding, and the grinding force, surface roughness, and grinding ratio are investigated with the removal rate maintained constant. Two types of grinding fluid are prepared: solution and soluble. From the experiments, it is found that wet grinding features a lower grinding force, smaller surface roughness, and higher grinding ratio when compared to dry-cut grinding. The improvement in the grinding ratio at high table speeds is significant, and it is found to be greater for the soluble-type fluid than for the solution-type fluid.
Polishing Performance of a Recycled Grinding Wheel Using Grinding Wheel Scraps for the Wet Polishing of Stainless-Steel Sheets
Authors: Mizobuchi Akira , Hamada Takeshi , Tashima Atsuyoshi , Horimoto Keita , Ishida Tohru ,   Tokushima University 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan,   Ishihara Kinzoku Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
Published: January 2022

The surfaces of large austenitic stainless-steel sheets, which have side lengths of at least 1 m a sheet thickness of at least 6 mm, used for food tanks and sliding plates in seismic isolation devices, must be finished to a mirror surface. Polishing is performed to improve the surface quality of such sheets and dry machining is typically applied. The problems associated with dry machining are the exhaust heat of machining and treatment of chips. A transition to wet machining is required to solve these problems. In our laboratory, we have developed a wet polishing machine and researched the selection of grinding wheels to develop wet polishing technology for large stainless-steel sheets. In this study, to reduce tool cost and reuse resources, we attempted to manufacture a recycled grinding wheel using snippets of grinding wheel scraps. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution was used as the bonding agent for the recycled grinding wheel to reduce environmental load. To overcome the ease of dissolution of PVA in water, we attempted to improve the water resistance of the PVA aqueous solution by incorporating an organic titanium compound. This is one of our efforts to contribute to sustainable development goals. The results are summarized below. (1) A recycled grinding wheel was fabricated by kneading crushed pieces of grinding wheel scrap with a bonding agent. (2) The maintenance of the shape of the recycled grinding wheel was controlled by the concentration of the bonding agent. (3) The recycled grinding wheel with a PVA bonding agent was vulnerable to water. In contrast, the recycled grinding wheel to which the organic titanium compound was added exhibited improved water resistance. (4) The polishing of stainless-steel sheets using the plain PVA recycled wheel was relatively ineffective, but polishing using the recycled wheel with the titanium additive was comparable to polishing with a new grinding wheel.
Effect of Grain Size on Change in Surface Roughness of Carbon Steels Through Polishing Processes
Authors: Matsuzawa Masaaki , Ito Atsushi , Komatsu Takafumi , Torizuka Shiro ,   Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan,   Komatsu Seiki Kosakusho Co., Ltd., Suwa, Japan
Published: January 2022

A mirror-like reflecting surface is an important characteristic in many industrial metallic parts. Polishing is done to form a mirror surface on metals. However, the effect of the grain size of metals on surface roughness through polishing processes is not clear. Specifically, mirror surface formation of ultrafine grained materials is still unknown. Ultrafine grained steels and coarse grained steels with 0.02, 0.10, and 0.60 wt% carbon contents were prepared by warm caliber rolling and annealing. Average grain sizes were 1–2 μm and 4–40 μm. The changes in surface roughness,Sa, were measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM) via eight polishing steps, using emery papers of type #600, #1000, #1500, #2000, #2500, #4000, and free abrasive grains of 3 μm and 1 μm diamond. As the polishing process progressed, the surface unevenness was removed and the surface roughness,Sa, decreased in all steels. The differences ofSaat each polishing step were analyzed from the point of carbon content, Vickers hardness, and grain size. Carbon contents and Vickers hardness have little effect onSa. However, grain size has a considerable effect onSain all steels. Ultrafine grained steels have smallerSain all polishing steps in all steels. This is because ultrafine grained steels have very small work hardening rate. After final polishing,Sais 2.5–3.6 nm in coarse grained steels and 2.0–2.6 nm in ultrafine grained steels. To obtain a mirror surface with smallerSa, grain size control is important.
Filsafat Digital Integral: Reformulasi Program Literasi Digital Nasional di Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Riyanto Waryani Fajar , Abror Robby Habiba
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of human migration from the real world to the virtual world (cyber). One of the impacts is the emergence of the phenomenon of cyber religion. As one of the parties responsible for literacy of its citizens in this regard, the government, through the role of the Ministry of Communication and Information, then initiated the National Digital Literacy Program, which is based on four pillars, namely: digital safety, digital skills, digital ethics, and digital culture. In dealing with the cyber religion phenomenon, the four pillars only reinforce the interobjective space. Therefore, to complete it, this research uses the theoretical framework of Ken Wilber's Universal Integralism or Holonic Integralism, which integrates four dimensions of "space" integrally, namely: intersubjective, interobjective, subjective, and objective space. In his findings, the researcher offers the concept of Integral Digital Philosophy, which integrates the four spaces simultaneously. The implications of this finding are beneficial for the provision of religious preachers about the importance of integrating the awareness of the "four worlds" when preaching in cyberspace.
Hsa_Circular RNA_0001013 Exerts Oncogenice Effects in Gastric Cancer Via the microRNA-136/TWSG1 Axis
Authors: Gao Zhaofeng , Hu Lingyu , Chen Fei , He Chunhua , Hu Biwen , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: January 2022

Background：Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most principle malignant cancers in the digestive system. Moreover, the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been identified in GC development. Methods：In this context, the purpose of research was to explore the regulatory mechanism circ_0001013, a novel circRNAs predicted by our research, in GC. The differential circRNAs and related mechanism in GC were predicted by microarray analysis. Circ_0001013, miR-136, and TWSG1 expression in GC clinical samples and cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The relationship among circ_0001013, miR-136, and TWSG was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, biotin coupled probe pull-down assay, and biotin coupled miRNA capture. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in GC cells, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by EdU assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry respectively. The effect of circ_0001013 on tumor growth was detected by xenograft tumor in nude mice. Results ：Microarray analysis predicted a novel circRNA, circ_0001013, was upregulated in GC, which was confirmed by RT-qPCR detection in GC tissues and cells. Besides, miR-136 was downregulated but TWSG1 was highly expressed in GC tissues. Mechanically, circ_0001013 could bind to miR-136, and miR-136 negatively targeted TWSG1 in GC cells. Silencing circ_0001013 or TWSG1 or overexpressing miR-136 decreased GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle arrest and accelerated cell apoptosis. Circ_0001013 silencing decreased TWSG1 expression and inhibited transplanted tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion：Circ_0001013 elevated TWSG1 expression by binding to miR-136, thereby exerting oncogenic effect in GC.
Barley Seedlings in Response to Salinity and Artemisinin Stress in the Present of Freeze-Thaw Stress
Authors: Wei Zhang , Bao Guozhang , Wenyi Tang , Gejun Dai , Jing Xiao , Jiapeng Liu , Zhao Wang , Jinghui Xi
Published: January 2022

In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, both the large daily temperature difference and soil salinization make plants susceptible to abiotic stresses such as freeze-thaw and salinity. Meanwhile, crops in this area could be subjected to the influence of artemisinin, an allelochemical exuded by Artemisia annua. In the context of freeze-thaw and salinity stresses, artemisinin was induced as an allelopathy stress factor to explore the physiological response of highland barley, including the relative electrical conductivity (RC), soluble protein (SP) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and water use efficiency (WUE).There data suggested that artemisinin weakened the self-osmotic adjustment ability of seedlings, reducing the SOD activity in scavenging efficiency of reactive oxygen species, then causing oxidative damage to cell membrane of seedlings, which significantly increases the content of RC and MDA. Artemisinin stress can reduce the WUE of seedlings and weaken the photosynthesis intensity of seedlings as well. In a word, salinity stress and artemisinin respectively showed a synergistic compound relationship with freeze-thaw stress,
Effect of Physiotherapy on the Promotion of Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Torró-Ferrero Galaad , Fernández-Rego Francisco Javier , Agüera-Arenas Juan Jose , Gómez-Conesa Antonia
Published: January 2022

Preterm infants have a low level of bone mineralization compared to those born at term. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of reflex locomotion therapy (RLT) on bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants and compare its effect against other physiotherapy procedures. 46 preterm infants born at 29-34 weeks were randomized to three groups: One group received RLT (n=17); other group received passive movements with gentle joint compression (n=14); and control group received massage (n=15). All treatments were carried out at the neonatal unit lasting one month. The main outcome measure was the bone mineralization measured with Tibial Speed of Sound (Tibial-SOS). All groups were similar in terms of gestational age (31.8±1.18), birth weight (1,583.41±311.9), and Tibia-SOS (1,604.7±27.9), at the beginning of the intervention. At the end of the study, significant differences were found among groups in Tibial-SOS [F(4,86)=2.77, p=0.049, ηp2 = 0.114] in benefit of RLT group. In conclusion, RLT has been effective in the improvement of Tibial-SOS, and has been more effective than other physical therapy modalities; therefore it could be considered as one of the most effective physiotherapeutic modalities for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia of prematurity.
Development and Application of a New Type of Medical Protective Sputum Suction Respiratory Circuit
Authors: Wu weizhou , Lu Kang , Jin Gaomei , Yang Haixia , Ren Lin , Guo Baoshuan , Xue Qingfeng
Published: January 2022

Background: At present, there are few breathing circuits that can protect health care workers. Here, we have developed a new disposable medical protective sputum suction breathing circuit.Methods：The main components of the structure of the novel medical protective breathing circuit are adapter, isolation sleeve, stop sleeve, sealing cover and sealing ring. An isolation sleeve is inserted into the conversion joint. The isolation sleeve inner sleeve has a stop sleeve with an inverted round table structure. The upper nozzle of the adapter is provided with a sealing ring tightly combined with the lower outer edge of the isolation sleeve, and a sealing cover is provided on the sealing ring.Results: The device is easy to operate and can prevent the pollution caused by sputum splashing when sucking sputum.Conclusion: The medical protective sputum suction and breathing circuit is simple in structure, easy to use, and can effectively protect medical staff.
Prevalence of Oral Leukoplakia in 9954 Central Indian Patients: a Prospective, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rahangdale Trushna , Phulambrikar Tushar , Dosi Tanvi , Naphade Vihang , Barkalle Gauri , Somani Anushree
Published: January 2022

Introduction India is one of the leading producers and consumer of tobacco. Additionally, India has one of the highest global prevalence of oral leukoplakia (OL). However, large epidemiological studies from Madhya Pradesh (Central India), the state with maximum consumers of tobacco products in India, are lacking. Objective Thus, we assessed the prevalence of OL among individuals residing in Central India and evaluated its association with age, gender, and history of adverse habits. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 9954 patients visiting the out-patient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology over a period of 15 months (January 2019 to March 2020). The clinical diagnosis of OL was arrived by exclusion of all the lesions mimicking OL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between OL and age, sex, and history of adverse habits. Results The prevalence of OL was 5.6% (557/9954). It was predominant in males (male-to-female ratio=3.9:1) and increased with advancing age. The odds of developing OL was higher among patients aged ≥50 years (OR=1.08; 95%CI: 1.07–1.08, p-value<0.0001), those with history of smoking tobacco (OR=1.32; 95%CI: 1.05–1.68, p-value=0.02), consuming smokeless tobacco (OR=318.60; 95%CI: 101.68–998.30, p-value<0.0001), and alcohol (OR=1.15; 95%CI: 9.0–1.49, p-value=0.269). Females had lower odds of developing OL (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.60–0.99, p-value=0.042). Conclusion We observed high prevalence of OL (5.6%). OL was significantly associated with older age, male sex, and tobacco-related adverse habits. While, alcohol consumption may possibly be a risk factor, no statistically significant relation was observed.
Analysis of the Performance of a Coherent SAC-OCDMA-OFDM-DWDM System Using a Flat Optical Frequency Comb Generator for Multiservice Networks.
Authors: Fares Abderraouf , Saouchi Kaddour , Brik Fatima , Djellab Hanane
Published: January 2022

A SAC-OCDMA-OFDM-DWDM system using a flat optical frequency comb generator and a coherent communication system is proposed in this research. The objective is to develop a novel OCDMA communication system that is appropriate and dedicated to multiservice networks. A comparison between the two codes, EDW and RD, has been presented. It has been concluded that the RD code system has better performance in terms of robustness and number of users than the EDW code. By analyzing the BER for several symbol rates and comparing it to the pre-FEC threshold, the proposed system demonstrates its effectiveness against linear and nonlinear effects. Performance evaluation of the proposed system is carried out via co-simulation of OptiSystem and MATLAB.
Orange-Brown Pigment Production from an Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus Sp. N11 and its Potential Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Ashfaq Madeha , Ali Qurban , Haleem Abdul , Ullah Aman , Umar Aiman , Ullah Irfan , AHMED SAFIA
Published: January 2022

Endophytic fungi are the main source of natural compounds including pigments having various industrial applications. Present study describes the production of extracellular orange-brown pigment from an endophytic fungal isolate Aspergillus sp. N11from Teucrium stocksianum. The optimum conditions for pigment production from this isolate was investigated and results showed that highest yield was observed in Potato dextrose broth, at pH 5 and 30 ℃ under shaking condition at 150 rpm for 7-10 days. The pigment was extracted in ethyl acetate and purified using column chromatography. Three different pigments were purified (yellow, light brown and orange-brown) and characterized based on Thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of purified fragments showed maximum zone of inhibition of 40 mm against S. aureus while for P. aeruginosa maximum zone of 50 mm and maximum antifungal activity of 20 mm against C. albicans. The antioxidant potential of purified pigment obtained from Aspergillus sp. N11 indicates that maximum scavenging activity of 67%. The results showed that purified pigments are astaxanthins belonging to oxygen containing carotenoids. The purified astaxanthins showed antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities indicating its potential to be utilized in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Application of Calcium-rich Clay Mineral Under Nonwoven Fabric Mats and Sand Armor as Cap Layer for Interrupting N and P Release from River Sediments
Authors: Hong Seung-Hee , Lee Chang-Gu , Park Seong-Jik
Published: January 2022

This work investigates the applicability of thermally treated calcium-rich clay minerals (CRCMs), such as sepiolite (SPL), attapulgite (ATT), and dolomite (DLM) to hinder the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release from river sediments. A non-woven fabric mat (NWFM) or a sand layer were also capped as armor layers, i.e., placed over CRCMs to investigate the capping impact on the N/P release. The capping efficiency was evaluated in a cylindrical reactor, consisting of CRCMs, armor layers, sediments, and sampled water. We monitored N/P concentrations, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential, pH, and electric conductivity in overlying water over 70 days. The DO concentrations in the uncapped and capped conditions were preserved for 30 days and 70 days (until the end of experiment duration), respectively. ATT showed higher efficiency for NH4-N and T-N than the other two materials, and the capping efficiency of NH4-N was measured as 96.4%, 93.7%, and 61.6% when capped with 2 cm sand layer, 1 cm sand layer, and NWFM layer, respectively. DLM showed a superior rejection capability of PO4-P to ATT and SPL, reported as 97.2% when capped with 2 cm sand armor. The content of weakly adsorbed-P was lower in the uncapped condition than in the capping condition. It can be concluded that ATT and DLM can be used as capping agents to deactivate N and P, respectively, to reduce water contamination from sediments of the eutrophic river.
Tropical Cyclone Damage Assessment using a Projection Pursuit Dynamic Cluster Model
Authors: Tu Chaoyong , Chen Shumin , Zhao Zhongkuo , Li Weibiao , Ni Changjian
Published: January 2022

Using data from 62 tropical cyclones (TCs) that landed in Guangdong Province in China between 2000 and 2019, we calculated six indices—minimum central pressure, maximum wind speed, maximum rainstorm ratio, cumulative surface rainfall, cyclone track length and lifetime—and constructed a projection pursuit dynamic cluster (PPDC) model to assess TC damage risk. Although a single index may provide correct information on the intensity of certain types of damage, a comprehensive damage risk assessment cannot be obtained from individual indices alone. The PPDC model is a stable tool for TC damage risk assessment, especially in terms of economic loss, agricultural disaster area and disaster-affected population. Model validation improved the correlation of each of the indices. Output from the PPDC model for disaster-affected population and agricultural disaster-affected area also improved after model validation. We examined the limitations of the single indices using data from three TCs. Output from the PPDC model can closely reflect the intensity of the damage caused by the cyclones. Projection pursuit dynamic clustering is a new and objective method for typhoon damage risk assessment, and provides the scientific basis to support disaster prevention and mitigation.
Size Constraint to Limit Interference in DRL-Free Single-Ended Biopotential Measurements
Authors: Catacora Valentin , Guerrero Federico , Spinelli Enrique
Published: January 2022

Purpose: In this work, it is shown that small, battery-powered wireless devices are so robust against electromagnetic interference that single-ended amplifiers can become a viable alternative for biopotential measurements, even without a Driven Right Leg (DRL) circuit. Methods: A power line interference analysis is presented for this case showing that this simple circuitry solution is feasible, and presenting the constraints under which it is so: small-size devices with dimensions less than 40 mm × 20 mm. Results: A functional prototype of a two-electrode wireless acquisition system was implemented using a single-ended amplifier. This allowed validating the power-line interference model with experimental results, including the acquisition of electromyographic (EMG) signals. The prototype, built with a size fulfilling the proposed guidelines, presented power-line interference voltages below 1.2 µVPP when working in an office environment. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a single-ended biopotential amplifier can be used if a sufficiently large isolation impedance is achieved with small-size wireless devices. This approach allows measurements with only two electrodes, a very simple front-end design, and a reduced number of components.
Meaningfulness Buffers and Crisis of Meaning Mediates The Longitudinal Effect of Covid-19 Stress On General Mental Distress
Authors: Schnell Tatjana , Krampe Henning
Published: January 2022

Background: Reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic are diverse. People who experience the situation as stressful (COVID-19 stress) appear vulnerable to developing general mental distress. Moreover, existential crises can arise. The identification of buffering factors and their effect over time is therefore highly relevant. The current study examined longitudinal protective effects of meaningfulness and self-control and negative effects of crisis of meaning on general mental distress. Methods: N=431 participants from Germany and Austria (mean age: 42 years) completed an online survey in both April/May (T1) and July/August 2020 (T2). We examined (i) whether two personal resources, meaningfulness, and self-control, measured at T1, moderated the longitudinal effect of COVID-19 stress (T1) on general mental distress (T2), and (ii) whether crisis of meaning (T1) mediated the latter effect. Results: Meaningfulness and self-control predicted lower symptoms of anxiety and depression over time, and crisis of meaning predicted higher symptoms. Meaningfulness but not self-control buffered the longitudinal effect of COVID-19 stress on general mental distress. COVID-19 stress was associated with crisis of meaning which, in further consequence, predicted general mental distress three months later. Conclusions: Meaningfulness and self-control appear to have generally protective effects on psychological distress. Moreover, meaningfulness seems to be particularly protective when people feel burdened by the situation. Strengthening this resource is thus especially appropriate for vulnerable populations. Measures that support meaningfulness will also prevent the emergence of crises of meaning, which can be triggered by acute stress reactions and appear to affect mental health in the longer term.
Factors Associated With Inadequate Receipt of Components and Non-use of Antenatal Care Services in India: A Regional Analysis
Authors: Nagdev Nilu , Ogbo Felix Akpojene , Dhami Mansi , Diallo Thierno , Lim David , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore
Published: January 2022

BackgroundFailure to use antenatal care (ANC) and inadequate receipt of components of ANC pose a significant risk for both the pregnant woman and baby. This study aimed to examine a regional analysis of factors associated with no or inadequate receipt of components of ANC services among Indian women.MethodInformation on 184,628 women of reproductive age 15-49 years from the 2015-16 India National Family Health Survey (NFSH-4) was used. Survey multinomial logistic regression analyses that adjust for cluster and survey weights were conducted to assess the socio-demographic and other factors associated with no or receipt of inadequate receipt of components of ANC in the six regions in India.ResultsAcross regions in India, 18% of women reported no ANC, and the prevalence of inadequate and adequate receipt of components of ANC in all six regions ranged from 16% to 43% and 34% to 81%, respectively. Our analyses revealed that in all six regions, poor households reported increased odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC. In all six regions, inadequate receipts of components of ANC was significantly higher among women who had limited knowledge about pregnancy complications and post-delivery complications. In all the six regions except the East region, women who delivered their babies at home reported higher odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC and women who had no postnatal checkup after delivery reported higher odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC in all regions except South, West and North East regions. Low levels of women's education and women who delivered their babies at home were associated with increased odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC in all six regions except North and East regions.ConclusionA better understanding of the factors associated and incorporating them into the short- and long-term intervention strategies, including free financial support from the Indian government to encourage pregnant women from lower socioeconomic groups to use health services across all regions.
The Interdisciplinary Nature-Induced Disaster Index: Eldgjá, Laki, and How to Evaluate Historical Sources in an Interdisciplinary Framework
Authors: Ebert Stephan F. , Kleemann Katrin
Published: January 2022

The integration of archives of society with archives of nature has helped scholars to date extreme events precisely. This approach has led to collaboration between the natural sciences and the humanities. While it has helped to highlight the dimensions of nature-induced disasters and their societal consequences, it has often led to rather monocausal explanations, promoting nature as the prime agent in history. The field is currently experiencing a shift away from monocausal explanations. Cultural factors need to be examined as well in order to analyze their contribution to disasters properly. To aid in this endeavor, we introduce the “Interdisciplinary Nature-Induced Disaster index” (INID-index), a tool to successfully integrate historical material into research on natural extreme events and their impacts on past societies. Eldgjá (ca. 934–940 CE) and Laki (1783–1784 CE)—the two major Icelandic eruptions of the Common Era—will be used as case studies to demonstrate the benefits of the index. A third contrasting study on a volcanic event in around 913 CE highlights the desiderata that the index can indicate, and its limitations. We consider this paper an offer to make transparent the questions that historians ask themselves and an example of a way to increase understanding across disciplinary cultures.
Use of the PALLIA 10 Score in Patients Enrolled in Phase I Trials at Gustave Roussy Cancer Center
Authors: Ouali Kaïssa , Mateus Cristine , Laparra Arianne , Pavliuc Elena , Martin-Romano Patricia , Sampetrean Anda , Vuagnat Perrine , Varga Andrea , Champiat Stephane , Verlingue Loic , Geraud Arthur , Marabelle Aurelien , Hollebecque Antoine , Gazzah Anas , Bahleda Rastilav , Vinay Sophie Postel , Michot Jean-marie , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Bayle Arnaud , Ribrag Vincent , Soria Jean-Charles , Scotte Florian , Massard Christophe , Baldini Capucine
Published: January 2022

Background
Early phase clinical trials usually include patients with advanced disease who have failed standard therapies. Early palliative care for these patients has shown to improve quality of life and even survival. PALLIA 10 score (ranging from 1 to 10) is a tool developed by the French Palliative Care Society to identify the best time to introduce palliative care.
Methods
We assessed the PALLIA 10 score and other prognostic factors (age, ECOG, Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score, LDH and albumin levels, number of prior systemic treatments and metastatic sites) in patients enrolled in phase I trials at Gustave Roussy Cancer Center prospectively during 2 periods of time (cohort 1 (C1) and 2 (C2)). A double-blind assessment of the PALLIA 10 score was done during 15 days by a member of the palliative care unit in C2. A PALLIA 10 > 3 motivated a dedicated palliative care consultation.
Results
From July 1st 2018 to November 1st 2018 (C1) and from December 1st 2020 to April 16th 2021 (C2), a total of 86 patients were assessed in C1 and 302 in C2. No difference was observed between the two cohorts regarding prognostic factors. Median PALLIA 10 was also similar and very low (median 1, range 1-5 in C1 and 1-8 in C2). On C1 and C2, 12% and 5% of patients had a dedicated palliative consultation. Overall, 77% and 74% of patients in C1 and C2 were still alive beyond 3 months after discontinuation of the trial (p=0.78), followed by at least one subsequent treatment in 63% and 70% of pts. In C2, assessment of PALLIA 10 score was significantly different between palliative care physician (median 5, range 3-8), phase I physician (median 1, range 1 -6) and phase I nurse (median 3, range 1-8) (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Only a few patients included in phase I clinical trial were referred to the palliative care unit. Median PALLIA 10 score was low when assessed by the phase I physician which suggests the need for a better tool to implement early palliative care in clinical practice and trials.
How Does Tourism Affect Protected Areas?: A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Application in UNESCO Natural Heritage Sites
Authors: Selçuk Onur , KARAKAS Hatice , CIZEL Beykan , Cetin Emre Ipekci
Published: January 2022

The tourism is an industry that makes extensive use of natural heritage sites. It has long been debated whether tourism is a threat to natural heritage sites. This research has been written to contribute to these discussions. In the study, the author(s) aims to determine the effects and threat levels of tourism in World Natural Heritage Sites. Within the scope of the research, the impact of tourism on 24 samples selected from UNESCO natural heritage sites was examined with multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the results of the research, the highest endangerment level among the selected NHS are "Lake Malawi National Park", "Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary" and "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park", while "Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves", "Sinharaja Forest Conservation Area" and "Vredefort Dome" were found to be the least affected sites. The research results were discussed with the implications developed in accordance with the contexts of the selected NHS.
Non-Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath Particles Correspond to Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Bryden Noella A. , Bryden Wayne A. , McLoughlin Michael , Smith Dexter , Devin Alese P. , Caton Emily R. , Haddaway Caroline R. , Tameris Michele , Scriba Thomas J. , Hatherill Mark , Gessner Sophia , Warner Digby F. , Wood Robin
Published: January 2022

Human breath contains trace amounts of non-volatile organic compounds (NOCs) which might inform non-invasive methods for evaluation of individual health. In previous work, we demonstrated that lipids detected in exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) could be used as markers of active tuberculosis (TB). Here, we advanced our analytical platform in characterizing small metabolites and lipids in EBA samples collected from participants enrolled in clinical trials designed to identify molecular signatures of active TB. EBA samples from 26 participants with active TB and 73 healthy participants were processed using a dual-phase extraction method, and metabolites and lipids were identified via mass spectrometry (MS) database matching. In total, 13 metabolite and 9 lipid markers were identified with optimized relative standard deviation values that were statistically different between individuals diagnosed with active TB and the healthy controls. A feature ranking algorithm reduced this number to 10 molecules, with the membrane glycerophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 24:4, emerging as top driver of segregation between the two groups. These results support the utility of this approach to identify consistent NOC signatures from EBA samples in active TB cases and suggest the potential to apply this method to other human diseases which alter respiratory NOC release.
DNA Marker Based Diversity Across Rice Genotypes and Advanced Breeding Lines Bred for Temperate India
Authors: Yetoo Nakeeb un Nisa , Sakina Aafreen , Sofi Najeebul Rehman* , Shikari Asif B. , Mir Reyaz R. , Bhat M. Ashraf , Waza Showkat A. , Jan Sofora , Rafiqee Sumira M.sc , Khan Gazala H. , Wani Shabir H.
Published: January 2022

Background: Characterization and evaluation of plant genetic resources play an important role for their utilization in the crop improvement programmes. Methods and results: This study entails the agro-morphological, cooking quality and molecular characterization of 51 genotypes / advance breeding lines of rice from Kashmir Himalayas. Significant variability was observed for all agro-morphological and cooking quality traits among all the studied genotypes. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method divided the genotypes into two major clusters having 15 and 36 genotypes. Thirty eight genotypes screened using 24 SSR markers detected 48 alleles with 2.0 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.37. High polymorphism information content (PIC) values was observed for the primers RM263 (0.67), RM159 (0.59) and RM333 (0.50). Furthermore, out of 38 SSR markers screened on 192 temperate rice germpalsm lines, R4M17 accurately differentiated indica and temperate japonica genotypes amplifying 220 bp and 169bp, respectively. Accordingly, 15 genotypes were reported as indica and 28 temperate japonica in addition to 149 genotypes as intermediate types. Conclusion: The information on marker-based diversity and performance based on cooking quality and agronomic traits helped to select the most divergent lines for crossing and also the analysis was useful to generate information on indica - japonica classification of our germplasm.