bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Korean version of the Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (K-BCCS)
Authors: Kwon So-Hi , Kim Young-Joo
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (K-BCCS).Methods: The Perinatal Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (PBCCS) was translated into Korean according to an algorithm of cultural adaptation process and excluded six items which were specific to perinatal bereavement. A total of 229 clinical nurses participated in the study. Construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and group comparison validity were evaluated, and Cronbach’s α was calculated to estimate the reliability of the K-BCCS. Results: The K-BCCS consisted of 31 items in 7 factors, including knowledge and skills for bereavement care (12 items), organizational support (6 items), awareness of the needs (3 items), interpersonal skills (3 items), workload influence (2 items), continuous education (2 items), and understanding the grief process (3 items). The factor loading of 31 items within the 7 factors ranged from .60 to .86. For the convergent validity, the construct reliability (CR) ranged from .74 to .94, and the average variance extracted (AVE) ranged from .49 to .73, which is considered acceptable. The discriminant validity showed that the AVEs of the subscales were greater than the square of the correlation coefficient r. The nurses who had experience providing bereavement care (t=4.94, p<.001) or had received bereavement education (t=6.64, p<.001) showed higher K-BCCS values those without experience. The Cronbach’s α of 31 items was .93 and ranged from .60 to .94 per subscale. Conclusion: The K-BCCS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating nurses' confidence in bereavement care.
Effects of smart-care services program for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Chung Bok Yae , Hong Sung Jung
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a smart-care services program for breast cancer survivors on cognitive function and physical health. Methods: A quasi-experimental control group pretest posttest design was used. Subjects were recruited in D city, and data were collected from July 2017 to February 2018. The experimental group (n=24) participated in the smart-care services program, whereas the control group (n=26) received conventional management. The smart-care services program consisted of addressing cognitive function problems arising from chemotherapy, diet, exercise, head/neck massage and self-monitoring using smartphone applications and smart bands. All participants underwent assessments at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), a chi-squared test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: After the smart-care services program, significant differences were found between the groups in cognitive function (F=18.91, p<.001) and sleep time (F=9.25, p<.001). No significant differences were found between the groups in caloric consumption after the program. Conclusion: The smart-care services program significantly improved the level of cognitive function and sleep time for breast cancer survivors. The use of this smart-care services program for breast cancer survivors might be an effective nursing intervention tool for improving cognitive function and health behaviors.
Comparison between Mexican and International Medical Graduates’ scores in the ENARM Competing for Clinical Specialities in Mexico during 2012-2019: Data Visualization, Trends and Forecasting Analyses
Authors: Mendoza-Aguilar Alexela-Nerey , Cedillo-Pozo Aime , Roldan-Valadez Ernesto
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Because there is heterogeneity in the ENARM scores obtained between Mexicans and International medical graduates (IMG) in the eight clinical specialities with direct-entry (Anesthesiology, and Emergency Medicine. Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, Pneumology, Psychiatry), we aimed to evaluate those scores. We hypothesized that Mexican test-takers achieve higher scores than IMG with significant growth trends in their exam scores.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional, used historical data from the annual public report of the ENARM for eight years (2012 to 2019). We compare the minimum (MinSco) and maximum (MaxSco) scores of each speciality using ANOVA. Mexican versus IMG scores were evaluated with an independent student t-test, trends with Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and a 5-years forecasting trend.
Results: There was a significant difference among the MinSco for five surgical specialities; F (7, 115) = 26.611, p = < .001; the global mean of MinSco was 69.133; specialities above this mean were Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Pneumology. The global mean for MaxSco was 79.422; five specialities were above: Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Geriatrics, Psychiatry, and Medical Genetics. We did not find a significant difference in the MinSco between Mexicans and IMG, but a significant difference was found in the MaxSco between both groups.
Conclusions: ENARM represents a market of high-performance test-takers across the clinical specialities. Mexicans and IMG achieved similar entrance scores, but Mexicans showed a higher MaxSco over IMG in all clinical specialities.
«MÚSICA EN FAMILIA»: UNA EXPERIENCIA EDUCATIVA DESDE EL REAL CONSERVATORIO PROFESIONAL DE MÚSICA DE ALMERÍA
Authors: RAMIREZ RODRIGUEZ CARMEN
Published: May 2021

La vida precisa pasión, entusiasmo, compromiso, disciplina, esfuerzo, constancia, respeto y se llena de contenido desde el amor, en un espacio alejado de la austeridad de la escena, abierto a la sociedad del «bien-estar», al intercambio de conocimientos y al enriquecimiento individual a través de la admiración del talento ajeno. Partiendo de los conceptos de familia, buenas practicas y los beneficios de su practicidad en las actividades musicales, desarrollamos la primera edición de una experiencia cualitativa en equipo que denominamos "Musica en Familia", el 3 de abril de 2017, en aula 10 del Real Conservatorio de Música de Almería dentro de las actividades que conmemoraron la Semana anual de la Música.
Creación y co-creación musical: ¿Quién es quién en las músicas de masas?
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep
Published: May 2021

Los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas han transformado las músicas populares-urbanas a casi todos sus niveles. Los cambios experimentados desde la grabación hasta la distribución musical e, incluso, en los hábitos de consumo, han redibujado nuestro panorama discográfico y han dejado en entredicho los roles asignados, por tradición, a los distintos agentes implicados. En esta investigación se pretende analizar la actual figura del creador, en las músicas de consumo masivo, y contemplar la posibilidad de un sistema complejo de co-creación donde la autoría de las obras musicales grabadas pueda estar repartida entre varios individuos. Para ello, el trabajo se fundamenta en entrevistas realizadas a productores musicales, especializados en músicas de consumo masivo, para explorar sus técnicas y la implicación en el proceso de creación musical. Sus testimonios señalan cómo la música grabada representa una forma de arte independiente, en el sector musical, con sus propios métodos creativos. La información recogida reclama la necesidad de ciertas adaptaciones en diferentes ámbitos, como, por ejemplo, en la revisión de la figura jurídica del creador musical o la gestión de derechos de autor.
ARTE Y BIENESTAR EMOCIONAL EN TIEMPOS DE CONFINAMIENTO OBLIGATORIO
Authors: Barrantes Fernández Telma , Cruz Hidalgo Esteban , Rangel Preciado José Francisco , Parejo Moruno Francisco Manuel
Published: May 2021

La pandemia del coronavirus ha obligado a los gobiernos de todo el mundo a promulgar medidas desconocidas hasta ahora para frenar sus peores consecuencias económicas y sociales. En España, el Real Decreto 463/2020 de 14 de marzo de 2020 declaró el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19. Desde ese momento se procedió al confinamiento generalizado de la población en sus casas, permaneciendo los menores de edad encerrados entre el 14 de marzo y el 26 de abril de 2020. En este estudio intentamos identificar los comportamientos, emociones y síntomas físicos que han podido padecer los menores derivados del confinamiento. También analizamos si el desarrollo de actividades creativas durante el confinamiento ha motivado en ellos alteraciones emocionales y conductuales. Los resultados constatan que la realización de estas actividades tiene efectos positivos, contribuyendo a mitigar de forma significativa algunos síntomas como el nerviosismo o el apego excesivo a los adultos, mejorando también de forma perceptible su conducta y actitud ante esta situación extraordinaria. La investigación se completa comparando los efectos del confinamiento con la hospitalización pediátrica, incidiendo en los cambios actitudinales y de sociabilidad de los menores.
Nuevas perspectivas sobre las agrupaciones musicales universitarias: identidad, educación musical y transferencia social
Authors: Ramón Salinas Jorge
Published: May 2021

Este artículo pretende analizar cómo las agrupaciones musicales corales e instrumentales surgidas en el ámbito universitario se han convertido desde su origen histórico en agentes activos de educación y divulgación musical, coadyuvando a través de su actividad en algunos procesos de transferencia y transformación social. Especialistas externos y, sobre todo, docentes universitarios de las áreas de Música y Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, son los agentes involucrados generalmente en su dirección, gestión y desarrollo, así como en la creación de diversos entornos de aprendizaje musical. A través de su trabajo, muchas veces desinteresado, refrendan el papel de estas agrupaciones musicales como garantes de la pervivencia de tan valiosa manifestación artística presente desde los orígenes de la propia universidad. Las formaciones musicales universitarias, tanto vocales como instrumentales, llevan a cabo, a través de su actividad concertística dentro y fuera de la propia institución académica, una importante labor de transferencia más allá de los beneficios formativos y artísticos propios de la praxis musical que otorgan a sus componentes. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se plantea en primer lugar una clasificación y análisis de las formaciones musicales surgidas en el entorno universitario a través del desarrollo de argumentos genéricos que las definen, aproximándonos a ellas desde una perspectiva histórica en la que se hace especial hincapié en los elementos que determinaron su aparición. Del mismo modo, se insta a su puesta en valor desde el punto de la conservación del patrimonio inmaterial, así como a su incentivación como reflejo de una realidad cultural rica, dinámica y cambiante, poniendo en relieve su valor esencial en el ámbito educativo, competencial y cultural. Por último, se destaca su difusión y diversidad a través del análisis de estas agrupaciones en diversas universidades, especialmente en la Universidad de Zaragoza.
La guerra de sexos en las comedias románticas de Howard Hawks: La fiera de mi niña (Brining Up Baby, 1938), Luna Nueva (His Girl Friday, 1940), La novia era él (I was a Male War Bride, 1949) y Su juego favorito (Man´s favorite Sport, 1964)
Authors: Montesinos Ladrón de Guevara Begoña
Published: May 2021

Howard Hawks, plantea el enfrentamiento entre los sexos en buena parte de su filmografía. Comedias románticas, western o cine de aventuras comparten esta guerra de sexos que se inicia con una antipatia mutua entre los protagonistas que va evolucionando a medida que la pareja se ve inmersa en sus aventuras para transformarse en amistad, atracción, y finalmente amor. Cuatro de sus comedias La fiera de mi niña (Brining Up Baby, 1938), Luna Nueva (His Girl Friday, 1940), La novia era él ( I Was a Male War Bride, 1949) y Su juego favorito (Man´s Favorite Sport, 1964) plantean la guerra de sexos a través de una inversión de roles sexuales; mujer-activo /varón-pasivo que finalmente revierte a modelos más tradicionales.
El ocaso de un gremio: San Eloy de Santiago de Compostela en el siglo XIX
Authors: Pérez Varela Ana
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la reconstrucción de la historia del gremio de San Eloy de Santiago de Compostela en el siglo XIX, tema sobre el que todavía no existe ningún estudio. La metodología de nuestra investigación se ha centrado en primer lugar en analizar la bibliografía publicada sobre la desintegración del sistema gremial en España, motivada por el paradigma filosófico de la Ilustración y la liberalización del trabajo. Para aplicarlo al caso de Compostela y en concreto a los plateros, el segundo paso fue el vaciado de los libros consistoriales y las matrículas industriales del Archivo Histórico Universitario de Santiago, fuentes complementadas por los Anuarios de Comercio de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. Todo ello nos ha permitido conocer el estado de las relaciones entre el moribundo gremio y el Concejo durante el ochocientos, establecer las marcas y marcadores de la ciudad, ubicar la zona de obradores de plateros dentro de la urbe y rescatar del olvido una interesante nómina de artesanos que se resistieron a aceptar la pérdida de sus privilegios protegiendo su legado artesanal.
Morir en femenino: la construcción simbólica en las exequias fúnebres de María Josefa Amalia de Sajonia
Authors: Alba Pagán Ester
Published: May 2021

Este artículo ofrece un análisis de la construcción simbólica de la reina María Josefa Amalia de Sajonia, tercera esposa de Fernando VII, a través de sus exequias fúnebres celebradas en España en 1829. A través de los textos impresos de las Relaciones, Oraciones fúnebres y textos poéticos nos adentramos en el lenguaje hiperbólico que en ellos se ofrecía de la difunta, mientras que las Descripciones de las fiestas y de los cenotafios o túmulos funerarios, así como los grabados que se conservan de estos nos plantean en qué medida el lenguaje artístico contribuyó a fabricar el concepto de la reina doméstica frente a la antigua imagen de la reina cortesana, en la crisis del Antiguo Régimen. En este sentido, la intención no es la de ilustrar un discurso teórico con obras de arte, sino reflexionar a través de las obras de arte. Las ceremonias y el arte efímero presentan una trascendencia pública diferenciada que alcanzó a las capas populares. En el caso de las exequias de María Josefa Amalia, la aparición de la nueva técnica de estampación, la litografía, generará un número inusitado de grabados, especialmente en las ciudades de Barcelona, Valencia y otras ciudades del antiguo reino de la Corona de Aragón, junto a las producidas en la Corte. La popularización de esta técnica, más sencilla y menos costosa propiciará que muchas instituciones u organismos acompañen sus textos impresos de imágenes de sus monumentos levantados.
Há critérios para a inclusão de cães de Intervenções Assistidas por Animais em ambiente universitário?
Authors: Mores Maria Cecília Pianaro , Cintra Ana Carolina Rizzon , Cavalcante Carolina Zaghi , Sotomaior Cristina Santos , Michelotto Ana Lúcia Lacerda
Published: May 2021

Estudantes universitários passam por diferentes experiências estressantes, interferindo na vida acadêmica ou mesmo impedindo sua continuidade. Programas de Intervenções Assistidas por Animais (IAA) são utilizados em escolas e universidades para minimizar o estresse dos estudantes, no entanto, não são usuais no Brasil. Cães são os animais mais empregados nessas atividades, mas os critérios em relação à sua inclusão em ambiente universitário não são bem definidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática qualitativa da literatura a fim de averiguar se há critérios para a inclusão de cães nas IAA em universidades. A busca de publicações foi realizada nas plataformas PubMed e SciELO, e os critérios de inclusão foram artigos com revisão por pares publicados de 2010 a julho de 2020, envolvendo atividades assistidas por cães em ambientes universitário ou escolar. Dos 202 artigos encontrados, nove entraram nos critérios de inclusão. Destes, oito trabalhos apresentaram o tempo de interação, oito apresentaram o número de animais utilizados, quatro comentaram sobre o bem-estar do cão, quatro apresentaram a necessidade de exames veterinários, cinco abordaram a idade dos cães, cinco as raças utilizadas e três discutiram sobre o comportamento do cão. Como conclusão deste trabalho, evidenciou-se que não há consenso sobre os critérios de pesquisa que concernem a inclusão de cães de IAA em ambiente universitário e escolar. Tendo em vista o melhor aproveitamento da atividade e, especialmente, o bem-estar dos cães, mais estudos na área são necessários.
Anti-competitive practices of digital platforms and response measures in the Russian and foreign legislation
Authors: Zhevnyak Oxana Viktorovna
Published: May 2021

The goal of this research is to determine whether the Russian legislation on protection of competition contains the norms that allow preventing anti-competitive practices of digital platforms, and whether it is necessary to make corresponding amendments. The subject of this research is the anti-competitive practice of digital platforms, response measures of the state, antimonopoly legislation,  and recommendations on its improvement. The research methodology is based on the analysis of relevant examples of anti-competitive behavior of digital platforms on the Russian and foreign markets, and qualification of such behavior from the perspective of Russian legislation. In the course of this research, the author solves the issue on the sufficiency of legal material for conducting qualification of such behavior; describes the response measures taken by the competent government authorities of various countries, as well as the measures proposed by the researchers. As a result, the author systematizes the data regarding the antimonopoly practice of digital platforms depending on the type of violations. All examples of antimonopoly practices can be qualified as anti-competitive in accordance with the effective legislation of the Russian Federation. If they are not listed as particular violations, then fall under the general categories of acts prohibited by law, considering the non-exhaustive nature of such lists. Misuse of “the platform authority” by the digital platform, reflected in the fact that it utilizes the transaction and customer data, should be qualified as unfair competition. For preventing the anti-competitive practices of digital platforms, it is proposed to develop the system of measures aimed at minimization of risks of the clash of interests and elimination of its consequences: ban of the owner of the digital platform for joint activity of his activity with the activity conducted the clients of the platform; restrict participation of the owner of the platform in companies that conduct types of activity that compete with the clients; disclosure of information on their affiliates engaged in the activity similar to such of the clients of the platform; introduction of the criteria for such affiliation, along with the obligation to compensate for the losses of clients inflicted by the clash of interest.
Problematic issues pertaining to conclusion of marriage in the context of coronavirus infection: analysis of law enforcement practice in the context of legal regulation of family relations
Authors: Borovetс Anna Viktorovna , Nefedova Arina Igorevna , Shpakovskii Danil Yaroslavovich
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the problematic issues pertaining to conclusion of marriage in the conditions of coronavirus infection, their specificity, and related changes. The author substantiates the measures taken by the government to confine the spread of coronavirus infection, and thus adjust the procedure for marriage: temporary registration without a ceremony, all precautions taken. Analysis is conducted on the experience of foreign countries, namely the United States and the United Arab Emirates, which allow performing wedding ceremonies using the video conferencing platform. The article explores the possibility and consequences of implementation of such procedure in the Russian Federation. The novelty of this research consists in the fact that the problem of conclusion of marriage in the conditions of coronavirus pandemic has not yet been sufficiently covered due to its novelty and extraordinariness. The spread of coronavirus infection has become a determining factor for adjusting the marriage procedure. The following conclusions were made: the remote marriage ceremony is possible, which is proven by international experience, however, requires detailed regulation; such procedure would not only protect health of the citizens, but also allow the newlyweds to hold their celebration with minimum cost and maximum efficiency.
Descriptor of Thermogalvanic Cell for Waste-heat Harvesting
Authors: Okubo Masashi
Published: May 2021

The scaling relation between the Seebeck coefficient and solvent viscosity would enable for the design of improved thermogalvanic cells.
Proton-pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yoon Kyu-Tae , Bang Chang Seok , Kim Joon Sung
Published: May 2021

Background/Aims: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat several acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the risk of dementia in patients taking PPIs.Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the correlation between PPIs and dementia. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies. Publication bias was assessed.Results: A total of 12 nested, case-control, and cohort studies were identified and analyzed. We obtained hazard ratios (HRs) from five studies and performed a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of four cohort studies and one nested case-control study showed no association between PPIs and dementia (HR, 1.165; 95% CI, 0.912~1.488; P=0.222). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent results. No publication bias was detected.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant association between the use of PPIs and dementia.
Subepithelial Tumor-like Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jung Kyoungwon , Park Moo In
Published: May 2021

Subepithelial tumor-like gastric cancer (SET-like GC) is a special type of gastric cancer with a relatively low prevalence of approximately 1%. Diagnosing SET-like GC is challenging because the tumor is often covered with normal mucosa. The mechanisms of occurrence of SET-like GC include: 1) excessive infiltration of lymphocytes in the cancer, 2) intensive secretion of mucin by mucinous adenocarcinoma, 3) excessive fibrosis around the cancer, and 4) adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic gastric glands in the submucosa. It is important to be aware of the endoscopic features of SET-like GC to differentiate it from other subepithelial tumors, to recognize the possibility of SET-like GC, and to make a diagnosis before treatment. In this review, we summarized the epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of SET-like GC.
Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos
Authors: Napiórkowska Teresa , Templin Julita , Napiórkowski Paweł
Published: May 2021

Spider embryonic development depends on several factors, including temperature. Under optimum thermal conditions embryogenesis proceeds undisturbed and embryo mortality is low. On the other hand, dramatic shifts in incubation temperature may cause a range of developmental defects in embryos. It has been confirmed in numerous laboratory experiments that abrupt temperature changes can be a powerful teratogenic factor. Changes in the external structure are frequently reflected in the internal anatomy, and above all, in the central nervous system. In the present teratological study, by exposing spider embryos to the temperatures of 14 °C and 32 °C, changed every 12 hours for the first 10 days of their development, we obtained 74 postembryos of Eratigena atrica with body deformities such as oligomely, heterosymely, schistomely, bicephaly, complex anomalies and others. We selected six spiders to describe and analyze their morphological changes. In one case, that of a spider affected by polymely (the presence of a supernumerary appendage) combined with heterosymely (the fusion of walking legs), we also focused on the structure of the central nervous system. The analysis indicated that this complex anomaly was accompanied by only one change in the central nervous system: the presence of a supernumerary neuropil. Since no fusion of walking leg neuropils was observed, it was concluded that, in this instance, there was no relationship between the fusion of legs and the structure of the central nervous system.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIFÚNGICA DE FOLHAS DE CINAMOMO (Melia azedarach) SOBRE FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS VISANDO UMA ALTERNATIVA AOS AGROTÓXICOS
Authors: Martins Jade Ayres Barbedo , Siqueira Junior César Luis
Published: May 2021

Compostos bioativos de origem vegetal têm sido largamente estudados por serem fontes naturais de substâncias antifúngicas. No presente trabalho, utilizou-se um extrato hidroetanólico para extrair compostos bioativos de folhas de plantas de Melia azedarach.  A atividade antifúngica do extrato de M. azedarach foi então testada contra três fungos fitopatogênicos: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, este último, muito conhecido por ser causador de antracnose em frutos de mamão (Carica papaya L.)  no período pós-colheita. O extrato hidroetanólico exibiu forte potencial inibitório sobre o crescimento micelial do F. oxysporum reduzindo em 85 % seu desenvolvimento. Essa inibição é corroborada pela mudança morfológica causada nos micélios fúngicos pela adição de 100 ppm do extrato. Foi observada ainda, uma redução de 44% do crescimento do F. solani, na presença do extrato. Apesar da leve inibição provocada pelo extrato no desenvolvimento do fungo C. gloeosporioides (14 %), quando aplicado nos frutos, o extrato confere a redução do desenvolvimento de sintomas da antracnose mantendo a qualidade visual dos frutos testados. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho corroboram a ideia de uso de compostos extraídos de plantas como uma alternativa sustentável à aplicação de agrotóxicos promovendo o barateamento do processo de controle de pragas e patógenos no cultivo, além de constituir uma forma de controle menos agressiva ao ambiente.
A REGULAÇÃO DA VAZÃO E SEUS EFEITOS SOBRE OS ATRIBUTOS ECOLÓGICOS DA ICTIOFAUNA: O CASO DO BAIXO CURSO DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
Authors: Figueiredo Alba Vivian Amaral , Agra Filho Severino Soares , Santos Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara
Published: May 2021

O estudo se propôs a auxiliar pesquisas de elaboração de hidrogramas ambientais no Baixo Curso do Rio São Francisco. Neste contexto, foi realizada a caracterização da composição, abundância e estrutura da ictiofauna com objetivo de determinar seus atributos ecológicos, sob os efeitos da regularização da vazão. Foram analisados parâmetros bióticos e abióticos por meio de observações em campo, registros fotográficos, medições in loco e análise de dados primários e secundários. Os resultados indicaram declínio das espécies da flora aquática e ciliar, vulnerabilidade alta a moderada na perda do solo e mudanças dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água. Os índices de diversidade da ictiofauna validaram maior intervenção da vazão nos pontos amostrais próximos a Barragem, confirmados pela análise de similaridade. Os atributos ecológicos indicaram a predominância de espécies de peixes r estrategista, oportunistas e resistentes aos impactos advindos da regulação da vazão. A perda da sazonalidade, como consequência desta regulação, afeta vários aspectos inter-relacionados das comunidades, tais como alimento, movimentos, crescimento e épocas de reprodução.
IMPROVED TOPICAL PREPARATION OF CALCIPOTRIOL IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS
Authors: Kumari Meenu , Sachdeva Monika , Agarwal Vijay
Published: May 2021

This research project is aimed to prepare improved topical preparation of Calcipotriol in the treatment of psoriasis by incorporation of an anti-inflammatory agent, keratolytic agent, humectants, surfactant, thickener & to perform its evaluation. In these different preparations of lotions sodium carboxymethylcellulose is used as a viscosity-enhancing agent in varying concentrations. This non-steroidal formulation is prepared by adding tea tree oil to avoid side effects associated with steroidal preparation and to avoid the issue of atrophy with long-term use of steroids. Evaluation of all the formulations such as spreadability, viscosity, drug content determination, pH, in-vitro release study, to choose the optimized formulation was carried out. According to ICH guidelines, stability studies were carried out to check the stability (parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content) of prepared formulations for 3 months at room temperature. In-vitro drug release study CT5 formulation was carried by dialysis diffusion method. The cumulative% drug release of CT5 formulation in 210minutes was 85.10%. Based on the evaluation, formulation (CT5) was found to be better among all the formulations. The prepared calcipotriol formulation and a commercial formulation of calcipotriol were evaluated for anti-psoriatic activity. In-vivo anti-psoriatic was performed by using the Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis skin model. The results obtained in this study have been concluded that the prepared formulation (CT5) has great potential for topical delivery in the treatment of psoriasis.
Sonication of Petrochemical Industry Wastewaters
Authors: Oztekin Rukiye , Sponza Delia Teresa
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was the treatment of the pollutants (dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdis), total organic carbon (TOC) and total and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)) present in the petrochemical industry wastewater (PCI) by sonication. The effects of increasing sonication times (0 min, 60 min, 120 and 150 min), sonication temperatures (25oC, 30oC and 60oC), on the CODdis, TOC and (PAH) removal efficiencies were researched at a sonication frequency of 35 kHz and a sonication power of 640. All the PAHs and their metabolites were measured by an gas chromatography (Agilent 6890 NC) equipped with a mass selective detector (Agilent 5973 inert MSD) with a capillary column (HP5-MS, 30 m, 0.25mm, 0.25µm)). The CH4, CO2 and H2 gas analysis, CODdis, TOC and the other pollutants were measured according to Standard Methods. As the sonication time and temperature were increased from 60 to 120 and 150 min, and from 25oC to 30oC and to 60oC, the CODdis, total PAH and TOC yields increased from 80.16% to 92.15%, from 78.37% to 94.23% and from 79.65% to 96.90%, respectively. The PAHs intermediates namely, 1–methylnaphthalene, 9–hydroxyfluorene, 9,10–phenanthrenequione, benzoic acid, 1,2,3–thiadiazole–4–carboxylic acid, naphthalene, p–hydroxybenzoic acid, fluorene, di–hydroxy pyrene, pyrene di–hydrodiol were sonodegraded with yields of 92.11%, 95.23%, 98.42%, 97.34%, 99.44%, 96.30%, 99.36%, 97.17%, 99.63% and 99.98% respectively, after 150 min, at 25oC. The presence of CH4, H2 and CO2 gases during sonication showed that the degradation mechanism of the PAHs is ‘‘pyrolysis”.
Forest Management Plan for Implementation of a Pilot REDD+ Project for Masito Community Forest Reserve, Kigoma, Tanzania for 2012-2017: General Description
Authors: Nzunda Emmanuel F.
Published: May 2021

A forest management plan is a document that guides management of a formally managed forest. The general description is a component of a forest management plan, which describes the target forest and the focal landscape in socioeconomic and ecological terms. This paper gives a general description as part of a forest management plan for implementation of a pilot REDD+ project for Masito Community Forest Reserve, Kigoma, Tanzania for 2012-2017. The methodology used to obtain the data and information for the description was literature review. The general description is given under six main sections, namely: (1) legal status, ownership and administration; (2) location, size and boundaries; (3) physical features; (4) biological aspects; (5) buffer zones and corridors, and; (6) socio-economic aspects of adjacent communities. The forest was not yet gazetted. The vegetation type was predominantly miombo woodlands. The main land use of the forest adjacent communities was agriculture. The general description formed the basis for development of the other components of the management plan.
Effects of Government Actions on Safety and Security Perceptions of International Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Yu Shi , Munthali George N. Chidimbah , Xuelian Wu , Kudzala John Feston
Published: May 2021

Introduction: International students’ safety and security matters as they are migrants and foreigners belonging to a special minority group of people that need to be protected each and every time based on diplomatic ties on international endeavors. This study examines the effects of government actions in regards to safety and security perceptions of international students in Hubei Province, China during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional survey design was conducted in March 2020 involving 13 different universities in Hubei province of China. Data was collected through an online Microsoft questionnaire which was sent to selected universities that were purposively and conveniently sampled.

Results: 300 questionnaires were received out of 392, representing a response rate of 76.5%. Majority of the respondents were in the age group of <30 years representing 92.3%, almost 96% were single. 79% were undergraduate students, and among these, 64% had stayed in China for over 2 years. It was also revealed that more than half (51.7%) were Christians and more than one third (37%) were muslims. There was a positive correlation between social distance measures and safety and security perceptions while no correlation was found between information dissemination and safety and security perception. Lastly, students were materially supported with their respective authorities and that the political will was good.

Conclusion: The actions of the government especially through the social distance measures have proved to positively increase international students’ safety and security perceptions. Further, authorities tried to facilitate material and social support to the students. We recommend authorities to continue putting the safety and security of international students at their heart as demonstrated in China.
Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Achyranthes aspera Whole Plant
Authors: Manandhar Nayan , Bajgain Kuber , Neupane Astha
Published: May 2021

This study aims to establish qualitative as well as quantitative phytochemical profiles and determine the free radical scavenging activity of phytochemical constituents of the entire plant of Achyranthes aspera Linn. The extraction of dried plant material was carried out by cold maceration with    methanol followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out by performing various chemical tests. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively.  Antioxidant activity was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method.  The result of study revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of the extract were found as 209.007 µg GA/mg, 17.59 µg QE/mg, and 25.12% (100 µg/mL), respectively. The study showed that plant could be a source of antioxidant compounds.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Polyherbal Aqueous Leaves Extract (PALE)
Authors: Idu M. , Aihiokhai M. O. , Imoni C. A. , Akokigho C. E. , Olali N. C.
Published: May 2021

Background: Polyherbal plant extracts which usually comprise of two or more plant parts often contain a wide array of key phytoactive constituents relevant in attaining greater therapeutic efficacy. The active constituents derived from individual plants are insufficient to provide attractive pharmacological action when compared to a combination of multiple herbs.

Objective: To conduct phytochemical screening of polyherbal aqueous leaf extracts                            (PALE) and analysis of compounds present in it by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Materials and Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared from the combined aqueous extracts of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia, Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum using ratio 1:1:1 w/v. Phytochemical screening was done via standard analytical methods. The identification and characterization of compounds by GC-MS analysis was performed on gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry.

Results: The phytochemical analysis of PALE revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in varying quantities. GC-MS analysis of the extract depicts the presence of key bioactive compounds. Thirty-two bioactive compounds were identified with various retention time and % peaks. The major compounds identified in terms of % peak area are n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.72), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (7.28), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (16.54) and 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (12.92). Disulfide, dimethyl (0.04), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.28), 1-Dodecanol (0.85), 10-Phenyldecanoic acid (0.12), 1-Hexadecanol (0.75), Methoxyacetic acid, pentadecyl ester (0.27), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester (0.16), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.09), were among the minor compounds identified in the extract. From the study, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid indicated the highest peak with a retention time of 20.556 minutes and % peak area of 16.54%.

Conclusion: The presence of the revealed bioactive constituents in PALE may suggest its nutraceutical, pharmacological and therapeutic relevance. Therefore, in view of the medicinal importance associated with the observed bioactive constituents, further studies on the toxicity level of  the extract is advised subsequently.
Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Functions in Patient with Chronic Stroke - A Case Report
Authors: Zanwar Rupa , Motar Pooja , Holani Minal
Published: May 2021

Background: Literature shows that intensive Functional Electrical Stimulation facilitates upper limb motor recovery after Stroke.

Aim: To assess the effects of 4 weeks of FES therapy on right upper limb motor functions in patient with Chronic Stroke.

Materials and Methods: The participant was thirty year old male Right Hemiparesis who had experienced Chronic Ischemic Stroke. FES therapy was given for forty five minutes per session, three sessions a week for complete four weeks. The pre and post intervention score were measured with Fugl Meyer Assessment, Voluntary Control Grading and MAS.

Results: The Fugl Meyer Assessment score for right upper limb showed improvement with progression in stage of VCG for right upper limb and hand. Also improved MAS score was noted for right shoulder, elbow and hand muscles.

Conclusion: The current study confirms that application of FES therapy improves upper limb motor functions in Chronic stage of Stroke after 4 weeks.
Comparative Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions between Interferon Alpha 2B and Sofosbuvir in the Treatment of Hepatits C at GIMHS, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sajid , Metlo Marvi , Ahmed Zuheeb , Ahmed Tahseen , Ahmer Arslan , Abbassi Muhammad Aslam , Samtio Saima , Shah Syed Adeel Ahmed , Lal Sham , Arbani Rashid Ali
Published: May 2021

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients selected by random sampling who were reported with Hepatitis-C at GIMHS. Questions were asked from patients regarding symptoms and adverse drug reactions (ADR’S). Results were analyzed by using SPSS-22. Out of total patients (n=300) the frequency of male gender was (n=192) as compared to females (n=108). Among 300 patients some patients were on sofosbuvir (n=150), patients on interferon (n=150). Rate of ADR’S observed with interferon as fever (n=28), anemia (n=27), hair loss (n=21), headache (n=19), insomnia (n= 11), nausea (n=13), depression (n=14, 09), malaise (n=25), vomiting (n=06), ulcer (n=13), pain and redness at site of injection (n=17). While rate of ADR’S in patients who were on sofosbuvir, fever (n=33), chill (n=17), nausea (n=28), anemia (n=06), headache (n=14), insomnia (n=13), loss of appetite (n=5), diarrhea (n=1). This study concluded that as compared to Interferon, rate of ADR’S were less with Sofosbuvir.
Anticancer, Anticollagenase and in Silico Docking Studies of Anethum sowa L. Herb Oil against HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Pereira Divya Joseph , Kumar B. S. Mahanash , Karunakar Prashantha , Tharannum Seema
Published: May 2021

Aim: Anethum sowa L. isan aromatic plant with pharmacological potential. The chemical composition and the therapeutic of Anethum sowa L. herb oil grown in South Karnataka is very few; moreover, its essential oil and extract together is not being studied and compared for its effects on colon cancer cell lines HCT -116 and anti collagense study .

Methods: The current investigation was intended to sight see the incidence of components present in the herb oil examined by (GC-MS), antioxidant , antimicrobial , anticancer & anticollagenase potential was investigated and further the insilco docking studies to unleash the potential drug like molecules in the therapeutic plant was studied .

Results: 5-Oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-3-propionic acid methyl ester, (17.41%),beta-Amyrin(8.20),ritodrine(6.49),1-Naphthalenol,decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(methylethylidene)-,[1R-(1.alpha.4a.beta,8a.alpha)](2.39%),meta-Cymene(1.95%),trans-z-alpha-Bisabolene epoxide (1.80), and Viridiflorol(0.77%) were the new compounds isolated from this therapeutic plant, and Anethum sowa L. herb ethanolic extract contained many potential phytochemicals. The total phenol and flavonoid of the herb extract were 0.136mg/ml. and 0.108mg/ml respectively . Anethum sowa L. herb extract ABTS antioxidant assay showed excellent activity with an IC50 of 540µg/ml which was in power with gallic acid which showed an IC 50 of 393µg/ml. Essential oil of Anethum sowa L. herb exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all the three microorganisms E-coli strain (MTCC 433), Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (MTCC 3384) Streptococcusmutants strain (MTCC 497) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 20% herb oil . Cytotoxicity of Anethum sowa L.herb essential oil and ethanolic extract against Colon cancer cell lines – HCT -116 , showed that herb oil and herb ethanolic extract repressed the cell growth of the cell . Herb oil with an IC50 79.75µg/ml was more effective than the herb extract . Herb essential oil showed the maximum capacity in inhibiting the collagenase when compared to ethanolic extract of herb, the percentage of inhibition of Anethum sowa L. herb essential oil was found to be 60.89% and that of herb extract was (15.18%).

Conclusion: Herb oil showed very good anticancer, antimicrobial and anticollagenase activity and by the In silico docking performed between the compounds present in the herb oil, MAI-150 and APC of Homo sapiens, it was found that lupeol showed the highest binding affinity with APC when compared with MAI-150 and rest other compounds present in the herb oil.
Diagnosis of Dysglycemia in Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Care
Authors: Habadi Mohammed Ibrahim , Alrashidi Muslima Muaidh , Mutaki Ibrahiem Fahad , Alshammari Khaznah Awad , Alothayqi Jawaher Hussain , Alenezi Abdassalam Fhid , Hethwell Saeed Ahmad , Alruwaily Yasser Meshal , Aloufi Yasir Awadh Allah , Almulla Turki Ramadan , Al-Bogami Malak Abduallah
Published: May 2021

An early diagnosis of diabetes is a cornerstone for achieving the best prognostic outcomes. The potential complications take time to develop. For this reason, diabetic patients, especially type 2 are usually diagnosed with the disease after complications have been arisen. Dysglycemia is a term that has been used to describe the fluctuations in the plasma glucose levels, including the high (hyperglycemia) and low (hypoglycemia) levels, and can also refer to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Many modalities have been developed to assess plasma glucose levels. Studies have shown that advantages and disadvantages are reported for each modality when assessing dysglycemia and screening for diabetes. The aim of this review is to discuss the previously reported diagnostic approaches of dysglycemia among diabetic patients according to the existing published studies in the literature. The study is related to the following: the 50-g oral glucose challenge test, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, random blood sugar, and oral glucose tolerance tests in the assessment of the blood glucose fluctuating levels. Based on the findings, it is recommended that HbA1c levels assessment should be simultaneously conducted with the random and fasting blood glucose tests to decide which patients are required to perform an OGTT. Moreover, HbA1c tests might not be affordable in some healthcare settings although they are important indicators of long-term glycemic control.
Assessment of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness with SD-OCT in Eyes with Different Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Pateras E. , Kalogeropoulou G.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with the use of Spectral-Domain OCT in eyes with AMD of different stages.

Methods: The participants comprised of 30 age-matched normal eyes as controls (Group 1), 19 with early-AMD eyes (Group 2), 14 with intermediate-AMD eyes (Group 3) and 29 with advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes (Group 4). All subjects underwent routine ophthalmologic examination. The choroid images, which included the subfoveal choroidal thickness images, obtained using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (and the technique of Enhanced Depth Imaging-EDI). All of the participants volunteered in this study and remained anonymous due to the protection of their personal data.

Results: 92 eyes with age greater than 65 years old were included. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 260.93 ± 46.54 μm in age-matched normal eyes, 255.10 ± 44.85 μm in early AMD eyes, 230.92 ± 45.70 μm in intermediate AMD eyes and 206.82 ± 44.43 μm in advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes. There were statistically significant differences in the measurement results between the 4th Group with the 1st Group (P<0.0001) and 2nd Group (P=0.0006) respectively, meaning that SFCT was greater in normal and early AMD eyes.

Conclusion: Decreasing subfoveal choroidal thickness was demonstrated in the progression of AMD, especially in the advanced AMD eyes compared to normal or early AMD eyes.