bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of PLA/EVA Reactive Blends for Heat-Shrinkable Film
Authors: Khankrua Rattikarn , Pongpanit Tanyawan , Paneetjit Ponchai , Boonmark Rungnapha , Seadan Manus , Suttiruengwong Supakij
Published: November 2019

Heat-shrinkable films have widely been used for various applications such as shrinkable labels and cap seals. These plastics have generally a short life. The biodegradable polymers can thus be an ideal candidate for such applications. This work aimed to study the stretching and shrinking ratio of poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate through reactive blends system for heat-shrinkable films application. The reactive agents, Joncryl® and Perkadox were used as in situ compatibilizers. PLA/EVA with 100/0, 97/3, 95/5, 93/7, and 90/10 ratios were prepared in the twin screw extruder. Neat PLA and PLA/EVA films were fabricated by blown film extrusion. The results revealed that the elongation at break of PLA in the TD direction was improved when adding EVA. PLA and EVA film with 0.1 phr of Perkadox was found to be sufficient as evident by FESEM micrograph and DMTA results. The films were stretched and shrunk at a temperature of 70 °C. The percentage of shrinkage of the stretched PLA/EVA reactive blend films, two and three times were, 100%, approximately. On the other hand, the four-times stretched films shrunk less than 100% because of the excessive stretching, which resulted in film breakage and defect.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation on Droplet Flow through 3D Metal Foam
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yu Xinhai , Tu Shan-Tung
Published: November 2019

The hydrodynamics of droplets passing through metal foam is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The accurate 3D porous structure for the simulation is generated by X-ray micro-computed tomography. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones using high-speed video. The simulated results show that for droplets passing metal foam, there is a critical capillary number, Cac (around 0.061), above which the droplet continues to deform until it breaks up. The simulated results show that the capillary number, droplet size, pores diameter, and thickness of metal foam have the significant effect of droplets deforming and breaking up when the droplets pass through the metal foam. To avoid the calescence of two droplets at the inlet zone of the metal foam, the distance between droplets should be larger than three times the diameter of the droplet.
Rapid Decline of IFN-γ Spot-Forming Cells in Pleural Lymphocytes during Treatment in a Patient with Suspected Tuberculosis Pleurisy
Authors: Usami Osamu , Chagan Yasutan Haorile , Hattori Toshio , Ashino Yugo
Published: November 2019

A differential diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy is often difficult. A 48-year-old Japanese man with no previous medical history visited the outpatient department for dyspnea and fever. His chest-XP and laboratory findings, especially high C-reactive protein levels, indicated pleuritis with pleural effusion. Pleural lymphocytes showed high numbers of spot forming responses in interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Pleural effusion contained high levels of adenosine deaminase and hyaluronic acid, but no Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) antigen was detected by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although the infectious agent was not detected, the clinical and laboratory findings strongly suggested that he was suffering from tuberculosis pleurisy. After treatment with anti-TB drugs, a rapid decline of spot-forming cells (SFCs) of pleural lymphocyte was observed, despite persistently high levels of other biomarkers and increased pleural lymphocytes. This case demonstrates that an IGRA of pleural lymphocytes would be useful for therapeutic diagnosis for TB pleurisy suspected for TB.
Precise Orbit Determination of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Using SLR
Authors: Yang Honglei , Xu Tianhe , Nie Wenfeng , Gao Fan , Guan Meiqian
Published: November 2019

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) of China is currently in the hybrid-use period of BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. All of them are equipped with Laser Retroreflect Arrays (LRAs) for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), which can directly obtain an independent, sub-centimetre level of distance measurement. The main purpose of this contribution is to use the solely SLR Normal Points (NPs) data to determinate the precise orbit of BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites, including one Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), three Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbits (ISGO), and one Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) of BDS-2 satellites, as well as four MEO of BDS-3 satellites, from 1 January to 30 June 2019. The microwave-based orbit from Wuhan University (WUM) are firstly validated to mark and eliminate the bad SLR observations in our preprocessing stage. Then, the 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-day arc solutions are performed to investigate the impact of the different orbital arc lengths on the quality of SLR-derived orbits and test the optimal solution of the multi-day arc. Moreover, the dependency of SLR-only orbit determination accuracy on the number of SLR observations and the number of SLR sites are discussed to explore the orbit determination quality of the 3-,5-, 7-, and 9-day arc solutions. The results indicate that (1) during the half-year time span of 2019, the overall Root Mean Square (RMS) of SLR validation residuals derived from WUM is 19.0 cm for BDS-2 GEO C01, 5.2–7.3 cm for three BDS-2 IGSO, 3.4 cm for BDS-2 MEO C11, and 4.4–5.7 cm for four BDS-3 MEO satellites respectively. (2) The 9-day arc solutions present the best orbit accuracy in our multi-day SLR-only orbit determination for BDS IGSO and MEO satellites. The 9-day overlaps median RMS of BDS MEO in RTN directions are evaluated at 3.6–5.7, 12.4–21.6, and 15.6–23.9 cm respectively, as well as 5.7–9.6, 15.0–36.8, and 16.5–35.2 cm for the comparison with WUM precise orbits, while these values of BDS IGSO are larger by a factor of about 3–10 than BDS MEO orbits in their corresponding RTN directions. Furthermore, the optimal average 3D-RMS of 9-day overlaps is 0.49 and 1.89 m for BDS MEO and IGSO respectively, as well as 0.55 and 1.85 m in comparison with WUM orbits. Owing to its extremely rare SLR observations, the SLR-only orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 GEO satellite can only reach a level of 10 metres or worse. (3) To obtain a stable and reliable SLR-only precise orbit, the 7-day to 9-day arc solutions are necessary to provide a sufficient SLR observation quantity and geometry, with more than 50–80 available SLR observations at 5–6 SLR sites that are evenly distributed, both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Black Spruce Bud Phenology across Quebec Based on MODIS-NDVI Time Series and Field Observations
Authors: Khare Siddhartha , Drolet Guillaume , Sylvain Jean-Daniel , Paré Maxime Charles , Rossi Sergio
Published: November 2019

Satellite remote sensing is a widely accessible tool to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the bud phenology of evergreen species, which show limited seasonal changes in canopy greenness. However, there is a need for precise and compatible data to compare remote sensing time series with field observations. In this study, fortnightly MODIS-NDVI was fitted using double-logistic functions and calibrated using ordinal logit models with the sequential phases of bud phenology collected during 2015, 2017 and 2018 in a black spruce stand. Bud break and bud set were spatialized for the period 2009–2018 across 5000 stands in Quebec, Canada. The first phase of bud break and the last phase of bud set were observed in the field in mid-May and at the beginning of September, when NDVI was 80.5% and 92.2% of its maximum amplitude, respectively. The NDVI rate of change was estimated at 0.07 in spring and 0.04 in autumn. When spatialized on the black spruce stands, bud break was detected earlier in the southwestern regions (April–May), and later in the northeastern regions (mid to end of June). No clear trend was observed for bud set, with different patterns being detected among the years. Overall, the process bud break and bud set lasted 51 and 87 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential of satellite remote sensing for providing reliable timings of bud phenological events using calibrated NDVI time series on wide regions that are remote or with limited access.
Improving the AMSR-E/NASA Soil Moisture Data Product Using In-Situ Measurements from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xie Qiuxia , Menenti Massimo , Jia Li
Published: November 2019

The daily AMSR-E/NASA (the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System/the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and JAXA (the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) soil moisture (SM) products from 2002 to 2011 at 25 km resolution were developed and distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC) and JAXA archives, respectively. This study analyzed and evaluated the temporal changes and accuracy of the AMSR-E/NASA SM product and compared it with the AMSR-E/JAXA SM product. The accuracy of both AMSR-E/NASA and JAXA SM was low, with RMSE (root mean square error) > 0.1 cm3 cm−3 against the in-situ SM measurements, especially the AMSR-E/NASA SM. Compared with the AMSR-E/JAXA SM, the dynamic range of AMSR-E/NASA SM is very narrow in many regions and does not reflect the intra- and inter-annual variability of soil moisture. We evaluated both data products by building a linear relationship between the SM and the Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI) to simplify the AMSR-E/NASA SM retrieval algorithm on the basis of the observed relationship between samples extracted from the MPDI and SM data. We obtained the coefficients of this linear relationship (i.e., A0 and A1) using in-situ measurements of SM and brightness temperature (TB) data simulated with the same radiative transfer model applied to develop the AMSR-E/NASA SM algorithm. Finally, the linear relationships between the SM and MPDI were used to retrieve the SM monthly from AMSR-E TB data, and the estimated SM was validated using the in-situ SM measurements in the Naqu area on the Tibetan Plateau of China. We obtained a steeper slope, i.e., A1 = 8, with the in-situ SM measurements against A1 = 1, when using the NASA SM retrievals. The low A1 value is a measure of the low sensitivity of the NASA SM retrievals to MPDI and its narrow dynamic range. These results were confirmed by analyzing a data set collected in Poland. In the case of the Tibetan Plateau, the higher value A1 = 8 gave more accurate monthly AMSR-E SM retrievals with RMSE = 0.065 cm3 cm−3. The dynamic range of the improved retrievals was more consistent with the in-situ SM measurements than with both the AMSR-E/NASA and JAXA SM products in the Naqu area of the Tibetan Plateau in 2011.
Big Data and Employee Wellbeing: Walking the Tightrope between Utopia and Dystopia
Authors: Axtell Carolyn , Taylor Mark , Wessels Bridgette
Published: November 2019

This special issue was inspired by an Economic & Social Research Council funded seminar series that explored the possibilities for using Big Data and data analytics for assessing health and wellbeing risks within organisations. The aim of this special issue was to build on some of the themes developed in the seminar series and draw together and update some key insights from different disciplinary perspectives on the opportunities, challenges and lessons that could be applied in this area. This editorial, therefore, draws together the findings and themes from the submitted papers and interprets these in light of the findings from the seminar series.
Investigating Key Attributes in Experience and Satisfaction of Hotel Customer Using Online Review Data
Authors: Ban Hyun-Jeong , Choi Hayeon , Choi Eun-Kyong , Lee Sanghyeop , Kim Hak-Seon
Published: November 2019

With the development of social media, customers are sharing their experiences, and it is rapidly spreading as a form of online review. That is why the online review has become a significant information source affecting customers’ purchase intention and behavior. Therefore, it is important to understand the customer’s experience shown in the online review in order to maintain sustainable customer satisfaction and loyalty. The purpose of this study is to investigate what are the key attributes and the structural relationship of those key attributes. To accomplish this purpose, a total of 6596 hotel reviews were collected from Google (google.com). A frequency analysis using text mining was performed to figure out the most frequently mentioned attributes. In addition, semantic network analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were applied to understand the experience and satisfaction of the hotel customer. As a result, the top 99 keywords were divided into four groups such as “Intangible Service”, “Physical Environment”, “Purpose”, and “Location”. The factor analysis reduced the dimension of the original 64 keywords to 22 keywords, and grouped them into five factors, which are “Access”, “F&B (Food and Beverage)”, “Purpose”, “Tangibles”, and “Empathy”. Based on these results, theoretical and practical implications for sustainable hotel marketing strategies are suggested.
Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Ding Xuhui , Fu Zhu , Jia Hongwen
Published: November 2019

Considering the undesirable output, this paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the slack variable and super efficiency improvement, to measure industrial water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The paper also creatively introduces urbanization level and urban primacy into driver factors’ estimation by stochastic and fixed Tobit models, exploring how urbanization characteristics affected the water utilization in regional industrial production. The results showed that industrial water efficiency has maintained an upward trend during the whole period, while most central and western provinces have shown a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising. However, the industrial water utilization efficiency of central regions is the lowest, and the eastern regions are the highest, catching up with western regions. Utilization efficiency shows an overall convergence during the research period from 2005 to 2017. Regarding the factors’ estimation, both population urbanization and land urbanization negatively affected industrial water utilization efficiency, particularly blind expansion and disorderly development. The urban primacy meant the unbalance of urbanization, which would lead to urban diseases and pollution transfer, while the effects of urban primacy depended on the urbanization level. However, the utilization efficiency of industrial water did not become better automatically along with urbanization development; therefore, the scale and speed of urbanization should be scientifically formulated. The effects of the level of economic development, the advanced industrial structure, and the level of foreign investment are significantly negative.
Physical Activity and Health Habits of 17- to 25-Year-Old Young People during Their Free Time
Authors: Gil-Madrona Pedro , Aguilar-Jurado Miguel Ángel , Honrubia-Montesinos Cristina , López-Sánchez Guillermo F.
Published: November 2019

The objective was to examine daily health-related habits and physical activity during free time in a group of young people, with the aim of analysing what types of habits are developed and the associations existing between these habits. A cross-sectional and observational study was carried out. The sample was composed of 1132 young people from Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), 53.4% women and 46.6% men, between 17 and 25 years old (M = 20.63; DT = 2.01). The instrument used in this study was the questionnaire of assessment of health-related habits (QAHH). Different ranges of age and gender were taken into account in the analyses. The results showed low rates of physical activity, with only 25% of the participants practicing physical activity in their free time. Regarding gender, no differences were observed between boys and girls in terms of the level of physical activity practice. The inferential analyses revealed several significant relationships between the habits of leisure time and the practice of physical activity. The analyses also revealed that alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption and Internet were used as means to escape from everyday life. The most frequent free-time activities of the participants during the week were the use of new technologies and the consumption of harmful substances. During the weekends the most frequent ones were physical activity and consumption of harmful substances. While the relationship between physical activity, health-related habits and leisure time in young people is complex, these results indicate that physical activity should be promoted in young people, especially during the week and as a healthy alternative to the consumption of harmful substances. To do this, professionals of different fields (education, psychology, sports sciences, nutrition and medicine, among others) should work together.
From Students’ Personal and Social Responsibility to Autonomy in Physical Education Classes
Authors: Valero-Valenzuela Alfonso , López Gabriel , Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio , Manzano-Sánchez David
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect that the application of the personal and social responsibility model has on students’ perception of a teacher’s interpersonal style and on the perception of autonomy. A quasi-experimental design was used with a control group (n = 60) and an experimental group (n = 60) to which the intervention was applied. Participants were aged between 10 and 13 years. As the main results, the experimental group saw improvements in support for the autonomous interpersonal style, in the need for autonomy satisfaction and also in the perception of personal and social responsibility. Perception of the controlling style decreased. In conclusion, the use of this type of program in educational centers is recommended for its benefits with regard to students’ autonomy and personal and social responsibility.
A Review of Agricultural Technology Transfer in Africa: Lessons from Japan and China Case Projects in Tanzania and Kenya
Authors: Mgendi George , Shiping Mao , Xiang Cheng
Published: November 2019

Agricultural technology transfer plays a chief role in transforming agricultural productivity in rural areas especially in the current setting where food demand surpasses the production capacity. Technology transfer facilitates the movement of soft and hard skills essential for improving farm production. Yet, the technical cooperation projects in Africa have been suffering from effectiveness and sustainability challenges while lacking responsiveness to local demand. This study applies a system dynamic method and a literature review to bring lessons from Japan and China’s experiences in agricultural technology transfer projects to Africa. Three cases in agricultural technical cooperation projects are presented: China—(Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center (ATDC) in Tanzania), Japan—(Smallholder Horticulture Empowerment Project (SHEP), and Rice Industry Development Support (RIDS) in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively). Japanese and Chinese agricultural technology has the potential to improve productivity and the livelihood of rural households. Nevertheless, strong linkages, commitment, and participation of all stakeholders in the design and implementation of agricultural technology transfer projects play an important role in enhancing project sustainability in the recipient countries. Further studies are recommended such as, to explain the agricultural technology transfer mechanism that fits well to equip beneficiary autonomy in terms of knowledge and capacity of production in the recipient country. The local governments need to set policy environments and institutional frameworks that encourage and support the agricultural technology transfer to benefit the rural farmers.
A Study on Sustaining Corporate Innovation with E-Commerce in China
Authors: Wang Xintian , Wang Hai
Published: November 2019

Previous research indicates that information technology promotes innovation in general. The mechanisms of how information technology, such as e-commerce, can promote corporate innovation have not yet been fully recognized. The empirical results show that e-commerce promotes corporate innovation by improving the regional informatization level and the local commercial circulation system. The evidence from Chinese firms implies that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of information infrastructure, encourage the transformation and upgrading of traditional commercial circulation, and promote innovation of traditional business in combination with e-commerce.
Assessment of Ecosystem Services Value in a National Park Pilot
Authors: Zhao Xiaodi , He Youjun , Yu Chao , Xu Danyun , Zou Wentao
Published: November 2019

Based on the pilot ecosystem analysis of Qianjiangyuan National Park, the ecosystem services function value index system was determined; multiple methods such as market value method and shadow engineering method were used to evaluate the four major categories in the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 of the ecological services of Qianjiangyuan national park which are provision, regulation, culture, and support. Results show that the total value of the pilot ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan national park had increased to 7430.11 × 106 yuan, 9128.41 × 106 yuan, 12,718.38 × 106 yuan, and 15,539.99 × 106 yuan for each category respectively. The regulation category has always been the core ecosystem services function in the national park, accounting for more than 40% of the value of the total services. The increase in the value of ecosystem services in the park was due to the implementation of ecological measures such as logging bans and people paying more attention to environmental protection.
Signing Auditors’ Foreign Experience and Debt Financing Costs: Evidence for Sustainability of Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Hou Fei , Liao Fangnan , Liu Jie , Xiong Hao
Published: November 2019

This study investigates whether signing auditors with foreign experience influence debt financing costs. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms for the period of 2001–2016, this study hand-collects the information of signing auditors’ foreign experience and empirically examines the relationship between signing auditors’ foreign experience and debt financing costs. The empirical results show that signing auditors’ foreign experience is significantly and negatively correlated with debt financing costs, suggesting that signing auditors’ foreign experience improves audit quality, reduces information risk and thereby lowers the cost of debt financing. Further analyses show that the negative effect of signing auditors’ foreign experience on the cost of debt financing is more pronounced in audit firms without industry expertise, suggesting that audit firm industry expertise mitigates the negative relationship between signing auditors’ foreign experience and debt financing costs. These results imply that signing auditors who have foreign experience could serve a significant role in debt financing, which would strengthen firms’ sustainability.
Virtuality Changes Consumer Preference: The Effect of Transaction Virtuality as Psychological Distance on Consumer Purchase Behavior
Authors: Park Do-Hyung
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, a variety of new industries and services are rapidly evolving based on the convergence between existing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and heterogeneous industries. In the meantime, the FinTech market, created by the convergence of financial and ICT areas, is emerging and growing rapidly. The new market of virtual transaction based on digital money is growing faster than any other FinTech area. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the perceived difference in the virtuality of a consumer’s transaction affects the consumer’s purchasing behavior and how the behavior changes. Specifically, this study revealed that consumers’ perceived virtuality differs according to the type of transaction method. Consumers felt that the money was more virtual when they had digital (virtual) currency for a service than when they had cash. This virtuality of money controls the psychological distance of the consumer’s money, which is closer to cash than virtual currency. This difference in psychological distance affects consumers’ information processing, such that when psychological distances are far (vs. close), consumers prefer products that are described as abstract (vs. concrete), and have a more favorable attitude toward products with more variety.
Compression Shear Properties of Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints of C/C Composite Materials at High Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Zhou Zhengong , Tan Zhiyong
Published: November 2019

The performance of joint structure is an important aspect of composite material design. In this study, we examined the compression shear bearing capacity of the adhesively bonded single-lap joint structure of high-temperature-resistant composite materials (C/C composite materials). The test pieces were produced in accordance with the appropriate ASTM C1292 standard, which were used for the compression shear test. The failure morphology of the layer was observed by a digital microscopic system and scanning electron microscope. The experimental result shows that the load on the test piece increased nonlinearly until the failure occurred, and most of the adhesive layer exhibited cohesive failures at three temperature points (400, 600, and 800 °C), while the interface failures occurred in a small part of the adhesive layer. A numerical analysis model was established using ABAQUS finite element software. The simulation results were compared with the test results to verify the correctness of the model. On the basis of correctness of the model verified by comparing the simulation results and the test results, the influences of temperature and overlapped length on the joint compression shear performance were studied through the validated simulation method. Numerical results showed that the ultimate load of the joint decreased with increases in temperature and that the distribution trends of the shear stresses in the overlapped length direction were substantially the same for joints of different overlapped lengths.
Symmetric Shape Transformations of Folded Shell Roofs Determining Creative and Rational Shaping of Building Free Forms
Authors: Abramczyk Jacek , Prokopska Aleksandra
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an innovative approach to solving interdisciplinary problems emerging in the design process of building free forms roofed with elastically transformed corrugated shells. The effectiveness and rationality of shaping such free forms and the creativeness in searching for the parametric forms require the application of their regular and symmetric models which have to be derived from the geometric and mechanical properties of the rationally transformed subsequent folds of these shells. Simplified smooth models used for engineering developments and accurate folded models implemented for scientific research have to be created by means of unconventional methods different from those presented in classical courses. Owing to the variety of the forms of the proposed innovative reference tetrahedrons and their parametric description, the algorithms developed by the authors have to be implemented in computer programs. The rationality of the transformed roof shells, revealed in the limitation of the level of the fold’s initial stresses resulting from the shape transformation, and the attractiveness of these forms are achieved by the axial symmetry and contraction of each shell fold at its half-length. The symmetries adopted in the process of modeling such roof shells are also exploited by the discussed new method to obtain coherent unconventional general forms of entire buildings.
Space–Time Spectral Collocation Method for Solving Burgers Equations with the Convergence Analysis
Authors: Huang Yu , Skandari Mohammad Hadi Noori , Mohammadizadeh Fatemeh , Tehrani Hojjat Ahsani , Georgiev Svetlin Georgiev , Tohidi Emran , Shateyi Stanford
Published: November 2019

This article deals with a numerical approach based on the symmetric space-time Chebyshev spectral collocation method for solving different types of Burgers equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this method, the variables of the equation are first approximated by interpolating polynomials and then discretized at the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto points. Thus, we get a system of algebraic equations whose solution is the set of unknown coefficients of the approximate solution of the main problem. We investigate the convergence of the suggested numerical scheme and compare the proposed method with several recent approaches through examining some test problems.
A Deep Learning Based Printing Defect Classification Method with Imbalanced Samples
Authors: Zhang Erhu , Li Bo , Li Peilin , Chen Yajun
Published: November 2019

Deep learning has been successfully applied to classification tasks in many fields due to its good performance in learning discriminative features. However, the application of deep learning to printing defect classification is very rare, and there is almost no research on the classification method for printing defects with imbalanced samples. In this paper, we present a deep convolutional neural network model to extract deep features directly from printed image defects. Furthermore, considering the asymmetry in the number of different types of defect samples—that is, the number of different kinds of defect samples is unbalanced—seven types of over-sampling methods were investigated to determine the best method. To verify the practical applications of the proposed deep model and the effectiveness of the extracted features, a large dataset of printing detect samples was built. All samples were collected from practical printing products in the factory. The dataset includes a coarse-grained dataset with four types of printing samples and a fine-grained dataset with eleven types of printing samples. The experimental results show that the proposed deep model achieves a 96.86% classification accuracy rate on the coarse-grained dataset without adopting over-sampling, which is the highest accuracy compared to the well-known deep models based on transfer learning. Moreover, by adopting the proposed deep model combined with the SVM-SMOTE over-sampling method, the accuracy rate is improved by more than 20% in the fine-grained dataset compared to the method without over-sampling.
Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Materniak-Kornas Magdalena , Tan Juan , Heit-Mondrzyk Anke , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Löchelt Martin
Published: November 2019

The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems to humans and livestock or companion animals. A robust lab animal model is not available or is a lab animal a natural host of a FV. Due to this, research is limited and often focused on the simian FVs with their well-established zoonotic potential. The authors of this review and their groups have conducted several studies on bovine FV (BFV) in the past with the intention of (i) exploring the risk of zoonotic infection via beef and raw cattle products, (ii) studying a co-factorial role of BFV in different cattle diseases with unclear etiology, (iii) exploring unique features of FV molecular biology and replication strategies in non-simian FVs, and (iv) conducting animal studies and functional virology in BFV-infected calves as a model for corresponding studies in primates or small lab animals. These studies gained new insights into FV-host interactions, mechanisms of gene expression, and transcriptional regulation, including miRNA biology, host-directed restriction of FV replication, spread and distribution in the infected animal, and at the population level. The current review attempts to summarize these findings in BFV and tries to connect them to findings from other FVs.
Feasibility of Using a Luminescence-Based Method to Determine Serum Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Clow Fiona , O’Hanlon Conor J , Christodoulides Myron , Radcliff Fiona J
Published: November 2019

Development of a vaccine to limit the impact of antibiotic resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is now a global priority. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) is a possible indicator of protective immunity to N. gonorrhoeae, but conventional assays measure colony forming units (CFU), which is time-consuming. A luminescent assay that quantifies ATP as a surrogate measure of bacterial viability was tested on N. gonorrhoeae strains FA1090, MS11 and P9-17 and compared to CFU-based readouts. There was a linear relationship between CFU and ATP levels for all three strains (r > 0.9). Normal human serum (NHS) is a common source of complement for SBA assays, but needs to be screened for non-specific bactericidal activity. NHS from 10 individuals were used for serum sensitivity assays—sensitivity values were significantly reduced with the ATP method for FA1090 (5/10, p < 0.05) and MS11 (10/10, p < 0.05), whereas P9-17 data were comparable for all donors. Our results suggest that measuring ATP underestimates serum sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae and that the CFU method is a better approach. However, mouse anti-P9-17 outer membrane vesicles (OMV) SBA titres to P9-17 were comparable with both methods (r = 0.97), suggesting this assay can be used to rapidly screen sera for bactericidal antibodies to gonococci.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Hemagglutinin Fused with the A Subunit of Type IIb Escherichia coli Heat Labile Enterotoxin Elicited Protective Immunity and Neutralization by Intranasal Immunization in Mouse and Chicken Models
Authors: Tang Neos , Lin Shi-Wei , Chen Ting-Hsuan , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Wu Hung-Yi , Wu Suh-Chin
Published: November 2019

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as causes of devastating avian diseases. This study aimed to develop type IIb Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTIIb) as novel mucosal adjuvants for mucosal vaccine development. The fusion protein of H5 and LTIIb-A subunit was expressed and purified for mouse and chicken intranasal immunizations. Intranasal immunization with the H5-LTIIb-A fusion protein in mice elicited potent neutralizing antibodies in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, induced stronger Th1 and Th17 cellular responses in spleen and cervical lymph nodes, and improved protection against H5N1 influenza virus challenge. More interestingly, intranasal immunization with the H5-LTIIb-A fusion protein in chickens elicited high titers of IgY, IgA, hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI), and neutralizing antibodies in their antisera. This study employed the novel adjuvants of LTIIb for the development of a new generation of mucosal vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
Multi-Space Seasonal Precipitation Prediction Model Applied to the Source Region of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Du Yiheng , Berndtsson Ronny , An Dong , Zhang Linus , Yuan Feifei , Uvo Cintia Bertacchi , Hao Zhenchun
Published: November 2019

This paper developed a multi-space prediction model for seasonal precipitation using a high-resolution grid dataset (0.5° × 0.5°) together with climate indices. The model is based on principal component analyses (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Trend analyses show that mean annual and seasonal precipitation in the area is increasing depending on spatial location. For this reason, a multi-space model is especially suited for prediction purposes. The PCA-ANN model was examined using a 64-grid mesh over the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) and was compared to a traditional multiple regression model with a three-fold cross-validation method. Seasonal precipitation anomalies (1961–2015) were converted using PCA into principal components. Hierarchical lag relationships between principal components and each potential predictor were identified by Spearman rank correlation analyses. The performance was compared to observed precipitation and evaluated using mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and correlation coefficient. The proposed PCA-ANN model provides accurate seasonal precipitation prediction that is better than traditional regression techniques. The prediction results displayed good agreement with observations for all seasons with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.6 for all spatial locations.
The Analysis of Water Supply Operating Conditions Systems by Means of Empirical Exponents
Authors: Stańczyk Justyna , Burszta-Adamiak Ewa
Published: November 2019

The stochastic character of water consumption by consumers and the technical condition of water supply systems are the main deterministic random factors influencing the observed changes in flow rate and pressure. The implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems resulted in the creation of dispersed data sets coming from the devices controlling the operation of the water supply system. Thanks to the use of metadata and advanced computer systems of analysis, data from various sources can be analyzed to detect the operating conditions of the water supply system. The aim of the research was to analyze an empirical exponent, determined on the basis of flow rate and pressure measurements for one of the District Metered Areas (DMAs). Modern supervised and unsupervised machine learning systems were implemented to classify the obtained results. The results of the research showed that on the basis of the established empirical exponent in the systems in which the pressure is reduced at night, it is possible to qualify the operating conditions of the water supply system in the DMA with accuracy of up to 90%. The conducted tests may be implemented as a component of expert diagnostic systems in water companies.
Connected and Shared X-in-the-Loop Technologies for Electric Vehicle Design
Authors: Ivanov Valentin , Augsburg Klaus , Bernad Carlos , Dhaens Miguel , Dutré Mathieu , Gramstat Sebastian , Magnin Pacôme , Schreiber Viktor , Skrt Urška , Van Kelecom Nick
Published: November 2019

The presented paper introduces a new methodology of experimental testing procedures required by the complex systems of electric vehicles (EV). This methodology is based on real-time connection of test setups and platforms, which may be situated in different geographical locations, belong to various cyber-physical domains, and are united in a global X-in-the-loop (XIL) experimental environment. The proposed concept, called XILforEV, allows exploring interdependencies between various physical processes that can be identified or investigated in the process of EV development. The paper discusses the following relevant topics: global XILforEV architecture; realization of required high-confidence models using dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS) and multi fidelity models (MFM) approaches; and formulation of case studies to illustrate XILforEV applications.
PENERAPAN FINANCIAL TEHCNOLOGY PADA BISNIS KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Zubaidi Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Di Indonesia Financial Technologi berkembang cukup pesat meskipun masih tertinggal jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain seperti China, Hong Kongdan India. Saat ini, berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan konsultan manajemen bisnis McKinsey Company dalam laporan terbarunyaberjudul Digital Banking in Indonesia: Building Loyalty and Generating Growth, tingkat penetrasi penggunaan layanan keuangan melalui fintech di Indonesiamasih sekitar 5%. Angka tersebut tersebut jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara China dengan presentasi 67%, Hong Kong 57% dan India 39%.Hal ini disamping sebagai peluang pasar yang besar juga memberikan solusi kepada umat Islam yang ingin bertransaksi secara syariah dengan memanfaatkan fintech. Bahkan Fintech syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keungan (OJK) telah melampaui target penyaluran pinjaman tahun 2018. Dua fintech syariah yang terdaftar di OJK, yaitu Dana Syariah dan Ammana telah menyalurkan pinjaman sebesar Rp 70 miliar dan Rp 7 miliar.Artikel ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana fintech dapat diterapkan dalam bisnis keuangan syariah, model-model penerapannya, kebijakan Otoritas JasaKeuangan, dan Fatwa-fatwa yang berkaitan dengan fintech.
PRINSIP- PRINSIP DALAM PRODUKSI, DISTRIBUSI DAN KONSUMSI MENURUT ISLAM
Authors: Zubaidi Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Islam hadir, tidak sekedar membawa doktrin ketuhanan maupun moralitas semata, melainkan juga membawa aspek hukum yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan kemaslahatan (tahqiq al-mashlahah) dalam kehidupan manusia. Karena itu, aspek-aspek ekonomi pun dibahas secara mendalam dalam Islam. Sumber-sumber hukum Islam memuat aturan-aturan yang berkaitan dengan aktifitas ekonomi. Termasuk produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi. Seperangkat aturan komprehensip ada dalam Islam untuk memastikan bahwa aktifitas ekonomi berujung kepada kemaslahatan manusia dalam kehiduapan dunia danakhirat. Artikel ini membahasi konsepsi produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi dalam Islam dengan metode deskripsi dan komparasi. Dari hasil deskripsi dan komparasi tersebut ditemukan bahwa Islam memiliki aturan tersendiri tentang produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi. Dimana kesimpulan besarnya bahwa produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi dalam Islam berorientasi pada kemashlahatan baik untuk kehidupan dunia maupun akhirat.
L' antiprotestantisme politique à la fin du XIXe siècle, I : Les débuts de l'antiprotestantisme et la question de Madagascar
Authors: Baubérot Jean
Published: November 2019

Depuis les débuts du protestantisme la polémique religieuse a toujours présenté en France une composante politique. La campagne anti-protestante de la fin du XIXe (importante surtout de 1894 à 1902) fut, elle, à dominante politique. Divers milieux nationalistes (monarchistes, bonapartistes, catholiques ralliés, libre-penseurs ex-boulangistes, républicains représentant le hobby colonial j accusèrent le protestantisme de contenir certains principes antinationaux et séditieux.

La première intervention française à Madagascar (1883-1885) provoqua une mise en cause des protestants accusés de faire le jeu de la politique coloniale anglaise. D'autre part l'antisémitisme, de plus en plus propagé en France, véhicula des thèmes antiprotestants (cf «La France juive» d'E. Drumont en 1886).

Les préparatifs de l'expédition de Madagascar (fin 1894) et les suites de ta prise de Tananarive (nomination d'un résident protestant Laroche en décembre 1895, révolte des «Fahavalos» quelques mois plus tard) fournirent raisons ou prétextes pour donner de la consistance aux attaques antiprotestantes. Dans l'Ile même, des temples, des écoles protestantes étaient données à la mission catholique et des cadres protestants indigènes arrêtés. Cette campagne et ces atteintes à la liberté religieuse s'appuyèrent, malgré les affirmations contraires des protestants d'alors, sur quelques faits réels. Cette étude montre cependant que le protestantisme a joué à propos des difficultés de la conquête, puis de la «pacification» de Madagascar, un rôle de bouc-émissaire.
L'exégèse de Philon d'Alexandrie
Authors: Nikiprowetzky Valentin
Published: November 2019

Philon d'Alexandrie suscite de la part des historiens et des critiques les jugements les plus contradictoires. Ces divergences sont dues à une méconnaissance persistante de la place qu'occupe dans son œuvre l'exégèse scripturaire. On cherche à faire de Philon un philosophe grec exposant un système, un mystique présentant un enseignement cohérent ou un docteur juif dont l'hellénisme n'est qu'un revêtement superficiel. C'est chaque fois mutiler une œuvre dont la forme littéraire importe. Il s'agit en fait d'exposés exégétiques du genre de ceux qui étaient présentés à la synagogue d'Alexandrie : un texte biblique fait l'objet d'un commentaire qui, verset par verset, résout toutes les difficultés exégétiques, puis le commentateur passe à l'exégèse allégorique. Les idées philosophiques sont entièrement mises au service de l'interprétation du passage étudié, ce qui conduit à l'élaboration de thèmes exégétiques originaux, comme celui de la migration spirituelle. Quant aux règles de l'exégèse allégorique de Philon, elles se ramènent à une adaptation constante du langage symbolique à la lettre des écrits bibliques.
Abraham et la conversion de Saul de Tarse, suivi d'une note sur « Abraham dans Jean VIII »
Authors: Leenhardt Franz Jehan
Published: November 2019

Abraham, figure clé de la piété juive , a servi à l'apôtre Paul, homme nourri de la foi traditionnelle de son peuple, à assurer sa position de néophyte acquis à une foi nouvelle. C'est ainsi qu'il présente le patriarche comme premier chaînon de la promesse qui aboutit à l'habitation du Christ dans les croyants, comme le type de l'homme mort rappelé à la vie par l'action de Dieu et comme le père de tous les croyants. — Une analyse de la place occupée par Abraham dans la péricope Jean 8, 30-59 vient confirmer l'importance de la geste du patriarche pour la pensée du christianisme du Ie siècle.
Celsus Redivivus
Authors: Schwartz Jacques
Published: November 2019

Celse, dont le "Discours véritable" doit être daté des premières années du règne de Marc-Aurèle, a exercé une influence littéraire étendue tant sur les adversaires du christianisme que sur les apologètes chrétiens de la fin du ΙIe et du IIIe siècle. Mais il faut se garder de surestimer la diffusion de son livre.
Une famille anabaptiste alsacienne en 1971
Authors: Denis Marie-Noële
Published: November 2019

Les anabaptistes de l'Est de la France restent-ils des marginaux dans la société contemporaine, comme ils l'ont été pendant quatre siècles ? L'étude d'un cas bas-rhinois permet à Mme Denis de répondre à cette question d'une façon très nuancée. A côté d'un recours à la technique la plus moderne et d'indices d' assimilation culturelle, on constate mie grande fidélité à la tradition anabaptiste et un particularisme économique, social et moral encore très marqué.
Jean-Ulrich Metzger et l'origine des Articles Organiques en 1802
Authors: Scheidhauer Marcel
Published: November 2019

Qui est à l'origine de la « Loi de Germinal an X » (8 avril 1802), loi qui subsiste encore de nos jours, dans sa majeure partie, pour les églises de la Confession d'Augsbourg d'Alsace et de Loraine ?

Ni le Premier Consul Bonaparte, ni le conseiller d'Etat Portalis ne connaissaient suffisamment le protestantisme pour élaborer cette nouvelle loi ecclésiastique. En ce qui concerne les luthériens, le gouvernement s'informa auprès du seul député colmarien, Jean-Ulrich Metzger (1752-1836). Celui-ci fournit à Portalis, avec lequel il entretenait des liens d'amitié, plusieurs mémoires et projets où il abondait dans le sens du gouvernement , proposant une constitution ecclésiastique très centralisée avec Consistoire Général, Directoire et inspections. Ce faisant Metzger agissait selon sa conviction personnelle et devançait ses compatriotes luthériens qui, sous l'égide du professeur Chr. G. Koch, auraient souhaité obtenir un régime ecclésiastique très démocratique où la paroisse aurait été la cellule de base. Metzger, bénéficiant entre autres du fait d'être sur place, à Paris, fournit donc l'essentiel des informations et soumit au gouvernement les projets qui allaient présider à l'élaboration des Articles Organiques.