bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Biocompatible Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Das Anirban , Dutta Tanoy , Gadhe Laxmikant , Koner Apurba , Saraogi Ishu
Published: January 2020

The misfolding and aggregation of proteins leading to amyloid formation has been linked to numerous diseases, necessitating the development of tools to monitor the fibrillation process. Here we report an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dye, DMNDC, as an alternative to Thioflavin-T (ThT), most commonly used for monitoring amyloid fibrils. Using insulin as a model protein, we show that DMNDC efficiently detects all stages of fibril formation, namely, nucleation, elongation, and saturation. An approximately 70 nm hypsochromic shift along with a large increase in emission intensity was observed upon binding of DMNDC to protein fibrils. The aggregation kinetics of insulin remained unaffected at excess DMNDC concentration, suggesting that DMNDC does not inhibit insulin aggregation. Additionally, the efficient cellular internalization and low toxicity of DMNDC make it highly suited for sensing and imaging of amyloid fibrils in the complex biological milieu.
Поэтика жеста в повести Ф.M. Достоевского "Кроткая"
Authors: Отева Ксения
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена поэтике жеста в повести Достоевского Кроткая. Телесные и мимические движения интерпретируются как реплики в невербальном диалоге между героями. Описана семантика ключевых кинетических комплексов: жесты смотрения связаны с желанием понять другого, жесты насмешки – с темой гордыни, жесты движения то навстречу друг другу, то прочь – с приглашением к диалогу или отказом от него. Сделан вывод о том, что точка зрения на мир Кроткой в повествовании явлена не столько через ее прямое слово, сколько через жесты, которые припоминает и заново интерпретирует рассказчик.
Desempeño relativo de la productividad física de la ganadería de Nueva Zelanda y Uruguay, 1870-2010
Authors: Álvarez Scanniello Jorge
Published: January 2020

In the nineteenth century, New Zealand and Uruguay were new European settler societies and rich in natural resources. Both countries engaged with the world economy as producers and exporters of livestock products. However, these countries exhibited divergent long-term development. The aim of this article is to identify the main historical tendencies associated with the relative physical productivity of livestock in both countries and to understand convergent-divergent processes in light of their technological trajectories. The main synthetic indicators used in agrarian sciences, such as Livestock Units and Meat Equivalents, are reviewed and a series of corrections that account for the specific features of each agrarian system is proposed for the usual aggregation methods. The technological trajectories that affected livestock productivity growth are also compared. The main results indicate that Uruguayan livestock production fell behind that of New Zealand due to the technological trajectory followed by each country. In the nineteenth century, Uruguay had very favourable natural conditions for livestock production. It did not develop technologies to improve soil and land productivity until the second half of the twentieth century. In contrast, New Zealand began to improve grassland productivity during the nineteenth century in order to increase and diversify livestock production.
Bellek Mekânlarının Hatırlama ve Unutulma Döngüleri Çerçevesince Belirlenmesi İçin Bir Metodolojik Öneri: Düzce Örneği
Authors: MUTLU Esra , TANRIVERDİ KAYA Ayşegül
Published: January 2020

Yaşamın izleri, anılar, tarih kentsel mekânlarda birikim oluşturarak, yerin kimliğini, özgünlüğünü ve her şeyden önemlisi aidiyeti oluşturur. Yere ve topluluğa bağlı gelişen aidiyetin sürekliliği ve güçlenmesi, yerin kimliğini güçlendirerek sürekliliğini sağlamaktadır. Küresel kültürün egemen olduğu dünyamızda yerel yaşam kültürü ve kimliklerin özgünlüğü mekânların dönüşümü ile birlikte kaybedilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bireysel bellek çerçevelerinden yola çıkarak kolektif bellekte yer etmiş mekânların tespit edilmesi sağlıklı ve imgelenebilir kentsel çevreler oluşturma noktasında önem taşımaktadır.  Bu araştırmada, deprem afeti ile ciddi bir kentsel yıkım yaşayan ve deprem sonrası yeni yaşam alanlarının oluşmasıyla yer değiştirmek zorunda kalan Düzcelilerin bellek mekânlarının tespiti amacına yönelik bir metot önerisi sunulmuştur. Araştırma yöntem olarak sözlü mülakat ve zihinsel harita kullanımını içeren iki aşamadan meydana gelmektedir. Hatırlanma sayısı ve hatırlanma sırasının önemli kriterler olduğu anket verileri ışığında belirlenen kentsel mekânlar, geliştirilen puantaj tekniği sayesinde elde edilen frekansların yıllar bazında (afet öncesi ve sonrası) kıyaslanmasıyla hatırlanma ve unutulma döngüleri başlıkları altında gruplandırılmıştır. Hatırlama döngüsü içerisinde yer alan bellek mekânları potansiyel kimlik mekânları olarak nitelendirilirken, unutulma döngüsü içerisinde yer alan mekânlar ise tehdit altında olan ve kente geri kazandırılmayı bekleyen bellek mekânlar olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırma sonucunda kimlik kazanımı için sürekliliği önemli olan bellek mekânlarının belirlenmesi için metodolojik bir öneri hazırlanmış olup, farklı kentlere uygulanabilir olması yönünden geliştirilmeye açıktır. Toplumun belleğinde sürekliliği olan mekânların korunması veya geliştirilmesi için öngörülen bu çalışmanın; kent kimliğinin sürekliliğini sağlamak konusunda referans kaynak oluşturması öngörülmüştür.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolektif Bellek, Bellek Mekânları, Hatırlama ve Unutulma Döngüsü
The Role of Religiosity in Families at High Risk for Depression
Authors: Svob Connie , Weissman Myrna M.
Published: January 2020

Background: About forty years ago we began a study of the offspring of depressed (high-risk) and not depressed (low-risk) parents, matched for age and gender, from the same community. We interviewed all of their biological children, blind to the clinical status of the parents. Over the years, we returned to re-interview the families at baseline, 2, 10, 20, 25 30, and 35 years. As the years went by and the sample grew up, we also interviewed the third generation, the grandchildren. As technology became available, we included measures of electrophysiology and magnetic resonance imaging in order to better understand the mechanisms of risk. At the 10-year follow up, we included measures of religion and spirituality – namely, personal religious/spiritual importance and frequency of religious service attendance. We included these measures in all subsequent waves including a more extensive follow up of religious beliefs at the 35-year follow up.Issues of Focus: This paper describes the study design and highlights the key findings of the role of religious/spiritual belief in the transmission and endurance of depression using clinical and biological approaches.Methods: We describe study findings based on clinical measures, as well as physiological measures that employed electrophysiology and magnetic resonance imaging.Results: Taken together, the findings suggest that religiosity/spirituality is protective against depression in high-risk individuals at both clinical and physiological levels.Implications: The findings suggest religiosity interacts with both culture and biology in its impact on depression.
Contribution of Religion/spirituality and Major Depressive Disorder to Altruism
Authors: Neugebauer Richard , Wickramaratne Priya , Svob Connie , McClintock Clayton , Gameroff Marc J. , Miller Lisa , Conway Anne
Published: January 2020

Background. In most studies, religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are positively associated with altruism, whereas depression is negatively associated. However, the cross-sectional designs of these studies limit their epidemiological value. We examine the association of R/S and major depressive disorder (MDD) with altruism in a five year longitudinal study nested in a larger prospective study.Methods. Depressed and non-depressed individuals and their first- and second-generation offspring were assessed over several decades. At Year30 after baseline, R/S was measured using participants’ self-report; MDD, by clinical interview. At Year35, participants completed a measure of altruism. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression; statistical significance, set at p<.05. two-tailed.Results. In the overall sample, both R/S and MDD were significantly associated with altruism, AOR 2.52 (95% CI 1.15-5.49) and AOR 2.43 (95% CI 1.05-5.64), respectively; in the High Risk group alone, the corresponding AORs were 4.69 (95% CI 1.39-15.84) and 4.74 (95% CI 1.92-11.72). Among highly R/S people in the High Risk group, the AOR for MDD with altruism was 22.55 (95% CI 1.23-414.60) p<.04; among the remainder, it was 3.12 (95% CI 0.63-15.30), a substantial but non-significant difference.Limitations. Altruism is based on self-report, not observation, hence, vulnerable to bias.Conclusions. MDD’s positive association with elevated altruism concurs with studies of posttraumatic growth in finding developmental growth from adversity. The conditions that foster MDD’s positive association with altruism and the contribution of R/S to this process requires further study.
Sanitation technology library: details and data sources for appropriateness profiles and transfer coefficients
Authors: Spuhler Dorothee , Roller Leandra
Published: January 2020

This document provides supplementary information to apply the procedures described in: Spuhler, D., Scheidegger, A. and Maurer, M. (2020) Ex-ante quantification of nutrient, total solids, and water flows in sanitation systems. Submitted to Water Research,which in turn builds on the system generator described in: Spuhler, D., Scheidegger, A. and Maurer, M. (2018) Generation of sanitation system options for urban planning considering novel technologies. Water Research 145, 259-278.It provides the in-depth description of the methods, the raw data on their appropriateness profiles, the transfer coefficients including literature references and Factsheets for 41 sanitation technologies.Recommended citation:Spuhler, D. and Roller, L. (2020) Sanitation technology library: details and data sources for appropriateness profiles and transfer coefficients. ERIC: https://doi.org/10.25678/0000ss.Supplementary material for: Spuhler, D., Scheidegger, A., and Maurer, M. (2020) Ex-ante quantification of nutrient, total solids, and water flows in sanitation systems. Submitted to Water Research.
HERMENEUTIKA NEGOSIATIF - KHALED ABOU EL FADL (Sebuah Gagasan Komparasi Ilmu Tafsir dan Hermeneutika)
Authors: amir abdul muiz
Published: January 2020

This article examines the comparative study between interpretation and hermeneutic theory, which is considered by some Muslims to be two interpretive theories that cross or contradict each other, especially when applied in interpreting Al-Qur'an verses. Therefore, this study exists to find the similarity of the two in order to complement each other. To realize this, the qualitative method used in this study is based on descriptive literature study data. Then the data is processed and analyzed using critical studies. The findings show that, basically, there is a significant difference between the interpretation and hermeneutics of the terms from an ontological point of view. However, epistemologically both have similarities that can be exploited as the potential to perfect each other's limitations. That is why interpretation and hermeneutics possible to be integrated as a theory of interpretation through the interconnection approach. That effort appears to have been demonstrated by Khaled Abou El Fadl by offering the idea of negotiating-authoritative hermeneutics. The theory can be an alternative tool to strengthen the methodology of interpretation of the Qur'an so that it can work comprehensively and holistically.
Mass media exposure and maternal healthcare utilization in South Asia
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Lariscy Joseph
Published: January 2020

Maternal mortality is a serious issue in the developing world due in part to inadequate healthcare before, during, and after childbirth. Mass media has the potential to disseminate information on maternal healthcare that can improve birth outcomes for mothers and infants, particularly among women with limited educational attainment. This study examines the impact of mass media exposure (e.g., television, radio, and newspaper) and sociodemographic factors on maternal healthcare utilization in four South Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Afghanistan. Analyses use 2014–2016 Demographic and Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of women aged 15–49 years. Results show that maternal healthcare utilization is significantly higher among women exposed to mass media across countries, even after controlling for mother’s, husband’s, and household socioeconomic status. Women exposed to mass media are 39–113% more likely to receive antenatal care, 17–99% more likely to deliver their babies by skilled birth attendants, and 24–95% more likely to receive postpartum check-ups after their delivery across countries. Mother’s educational attainment moderates the association between mass media and maternal healthcare in three of the four countries. Governments and public health organizations can consider mass media as a key intervention in promoting maternal health in developing contexts.
Occupational Safety and Health in Norway Revisited
Authors: Skyberg Knut
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Impact of Financial Intermediation and Financial Sector Efficiency on Economic Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Kiani Adiqa , Ali Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The financial sector plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of financial intermediation and financial sector efficiency on economic growth in Pakistan. The study examines time series data from 1973 to 2014 to examine long-run cointegration by employing ARDL approach GDP per capita is used for economic growth while credit to the private sector is used as a proxy for financial intermediation. Efficiency is measured by interest rate spread which is equal to the difference between the lending interest rate and deposit interest rate. The results showed that financial intermediation has a positive significant impact on the economic growth of Pakistan in both long run and short run while financial sector efficiency has a positive impact on economic growth only in the long run. The study concluded that Pakistan should develop modern and stable financial institutions in order to enhance the ability of the financial sector to lend more which in turn creates investment opportunities that contribute to economic growth and development eventually.
Impact of Development Perspective of HRM and Lesson Learned System of Knowledge Management on Project Success Through Project Management Competency Retention
Authors: Ghafoor Muhammad Mudassar , Khan Kanwal Iqbal , Muneer Yasin , Haider Khawaja Hasnat
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to find out the impact of development perspective of Human Resource Management (HRM), and lesson learned system of knowledge management (KM) on project success with the mediation of project management competency retention (PMCR). The data was collected from 310 employees of the telecommunication industry. The results confirmed that the development perspective of HRM and lesson learned through the system of KM has a significant relationship with PMCR and project success. The intervening role of PMCR is also proved between lesson learned the system of KM and project success. The study presents new evidence to organizations for enhancing competency retention of employees and achieve project success.
Introduction to Cold Spray
Authors: Smith M.F.
Published: January 2020

Cold spray is a process technology that, for the first time, enables the rapid deposition of a wide range of metals and some other materials in the solid state at temperatures far below their melting points. This chapter provides an overview of the processes involved in cold spray process technologies, namely high-pressure cold spray (HPCS) and low-pressure cold spray (LPCS), explaining differences of LPCS from HPCS. It summarizes the historical background of the cold spray process. The growing international interest in the cold spray process from the early 2000s is also reviewed.
Process Science of Cold Spray
Authors: Klassen T. , Gärtner F. , Assadi H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter reviews the current understanding of high-pressure cold spraying for different materials, covering widely accepted general mechanisms for particle deposition and the processes and parameters involved. It begins by reviewing the mechanisms of bonding. An overview of the optimization of the critical process parameters for improving coating qualities is then provided. This is followed by a separate section dealing with bonding between different materials and addressing influences on adhesion to the substrate as well as the cohesion between dissimilar coating constituents. The knowledge of the basic science and mechanisms finally allows for discussion on the requirements for suitable cold spray equipment and of the parameter sets needed for successful coating deposition.
Modeling and Simulation of Cold Spray
Authors: Assadi H. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T.
Published: January 2020

The modeling and simulation activities in the field of high-pressure cold spray can be divided into two main parts: solid mechanics and fluid dynamics. This chapter focuses on these parts of modeling work in cold spray research. The discussion covers the objective, principal concepts, methods, and outcome of modeling and simulation of particle impact and of in-flight history of particles in cold spraying. The concept of integration of particle impact and fluid flow modeling to optimize cold spray deposition for a given material is also explained.
SISTEM PENGEMBANGAN, PENGELOLAAN DAN FASILITAS LABORATORIUM PRODUKTIF AKUNTANSI DALAM MENINGKATAKAN KUALITAS KOMPUTER AKUNTANSI (PRODI AKUNTANSI FAKULTAS EKONOMI UMRAH)
Authors: Jack Febriand Adel, Tumpal Manik
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan memberikan solusi kelayakan fasilitas laboratorium produktif akuntansi fakultas Ekonomi UMRAH. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Ruangan laboratorium akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi UMRAH belum memenuhi standar sebagai laboratorium akuntansi dianalisis berdasarkan, fasilitas, keaslian aplikasi (software), sistem LAN dan kondisi ruangan, Analisis perubahan rangkaian posisi komputer cleint mahasiswa dan dosen. Analisis solusi pengembangan dan pengelolaan laboratorium akuntansi lebih utama pada penataan tempat komputer, Server,  jaringan LAN dan instalasi komputer yang aman sehingga akan lebih efisien dan efektif digunakan selama proses belajar dan mengajar, sehingga  dosen lebih mudah memantau proses dan hasil praktikum komputer akuntansi dalam ruang belajar laboratorium.
FENOMENA FLYPAPER EFFECT PADA BELANJA DAERAH PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Ardiansyah
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris tentang fenomena flypaper effect pada belanja daerah (kabupaten/kota) di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 24 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Data penelitian yang digunakan bersumber dari Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Pemerintah Daerah (kabupaten/kota) di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi fenomena flypaper effect pada belanja daerah (kabupaten/kota) di Provinsi Jawa Tengah.
Usefulness of perioperative rotational thrombelastometry during scoliosis surgery in children
Authors: Jonas Jakub , Durila Miroslav , Malosek Martin , Maresova Dagmar , Stulik Jan , Barna Michal , Vymazal Tomas
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Surgical correction of scoliosis in pediatric patients is associated with significant blood loss. Rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) might help to decrease the use of blood transfusion products by enabling an early point of care (POC) diagnosis of coagulopathy, thus helping to provide targeted therapy. The aim of this case-control study was to find out whether POC use of ROTEM during scoliosis surgery in children helps to reduce the need for blood transfusion products.

METHODS

Data were prospectively analyzed from all patients treated during 2016–2018 who received ROTEM-based therapy during scoliosis surgery. These patients were compared with a group of historical controls treated during 2014–2016 whose scoliosis treatment did not include ROTEM. Perioperative blood loss, consumption of blood transfusion products, and hospital LOS were compared between the groups.

RESULTS

A total of 37 patients were analyzed, 22 patients in the non-ROTEM group and 15 patients in the ROTEM group. In the ROTEM group compared with the non-ROTEM group, there was significantly lower perioperative blood loss and administration of packed red blood cell units, no administration of fresh-frozen plasma, and shorter overall hospital LOS (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

ROTEM use during scoliosis surgery in children seems to help to decrease blood loss and the use of blood transfusion products and may also shorten the hospital LOS.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03699813 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Predictors of the need for laminectomy after indirect decompression via initial anterior or lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Park Daehyun , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Mehra Ratnesh , Kwon Yonguk , Kim Sungtae , Ruan Hui Bing , Chou Dean
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate factors that are associated with the need for additional posterior direct decompressive surgery after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) or lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

METHODS

Eighty-six adult patients who underwent ALIF or LLIF for degenerative spondylolisthesis and foraminal stenosis were enrolled. Patient factors (age, sex, number of surgery levels, and visual analog scale [VAS] score for leg and back pain); procedure-related factors (cage height and lordosis); and radiographic measurements (disc height [DH]; foraminal height [FH], foraminal area [FA], central canal diameter [CCD], and facet joint degeneration [FD]) were analyzed. All patients underwent staged surgery on 2 different days, with the anterior portion first, followed by the posterior portion.

RESULTS

Of 86 patients, 62 underwent posterior decompression and 24 had no posterior decompression. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to age, sex, preoperative VAS score for back pain, cage height, cage angulation, preoperative DH, FH, FA, CCD, and FD (p > 0.05). The group that underwent posterior decompression showed statistically different numbers of treated segments (1.92 vs 1.21, p < 0.01), preoperative VAS leg score (7.9 vs 6.3), symptom duration (14.2 months vs 9.4 months), postoperative DH improvement (61.3% vs 96.2%), postoperative FH improvement (21.5% vs 32.1%), postoperative FA improvement (24.1% vs 36.9%), and cage height minus preoperative DH (5.3 mm vs 7.5 mm) compared with the nondecompression group.

CONCLUSIONS

There appears to be some correlation between the need for posterior decompression and the number of treated segments, VAS leg scores, symptom duration, FH, FA, and difference between the cage height and preoperative DH. In selected patients undergoing staged surgery, indirect decompression without direct decompression may be a reasonable option in treating degenerative spinal conditions.
PEEK interbody devices for multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: association with more than 6-fold higher rates of pseudarthrosis compared to structural allograft
Authors: Teton Zoe E. , Cheaney Barry , Obayashi James T. , Than Khoi D.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Common interbody graft options for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) include allograft and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). PEEK has gained popularity due to its radiolucent properties and a modulus of elasticity similar to that of bone. PEEK devices also result in higher billing costs than allograft, which may drive selection. A previous study found a 5-fold higher rate of pseudarthrosis with the use of PEEK devices compared with structural allograft in single-level ACDF. Here the authors report on the occurrence of pseudarthrosis with PEEK devices versus structural allograft in patients who underwent multilevel ACDF.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed 81 consecutive patients who underwent a multilevel ACDF and had radiographic follow-up for at least 1 year. Data were collected on age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, pseudarthrosis, and rate of reoperation for pseudarthrosis. Logistic regression was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Of 81 patients, 35 had PEEK implants and 46 had structural allograft. There were no significant differences between age, sex, smoking status, or BMI in the 2 groups. There were 26/35 (74%) patients with PEEK implants who demonstrated radiographic evidence of pseudarthrosis, compared with 5/46 (11%) patients with structural allograft (p < 0.001, OR 22.2). Five patients (14%) with PEEK implants required reoperation for pseudarthrosis, compared with 0 patients with allograft (p = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS

This study reinforces previous findings on 1-level ACDF outcomes and suggests that the use of PEEK in multilevel ACDF results in statistically significantly higher rates of radiographic pseudarthrosis and need for revision surgery than allograft. Surgeons should consider these findings when determining graft options, and reimbursement policies should reflect these discrepancies.
Disturbio antropogénico como consecuencia del crecimiento urbano. El caso de la zona lacustre y de montaña en la delegación Xochimilco, México
Authors: Zaragoza Álvarez Rigel Alfonso , Landázuri Benítez Gisela , Vega Peña Ernesto Vicente
Published: January 2020

En la Ciudad de México se localiza un humedal de importancia internacional: el sistema lacustre que se ubica en la delegación Xochimilco y que corresponde a la chinampería, un sistema de agricultura que desde la época prehispánica hasta la fecha abastece a la metrópoli de productos agrícolas. En las últimas décadas, sin embargo, el paisaje chinampero ha sido perturbado por el crecimiento de la mancha urbana, alimentada tanto por causas naturales como por la acción u omisión de algunos programas públicos. Para conocer ese impacto, se midió el grado de disturbio antropogénico en la zona periférica del sistema lacustre, en tres diferentes décadas, utilizando indicadores estadísticos en un análisis multivariado y cartográfico. Al mismo tiempo, los testimonios de los productores y habitantes de la zona dan fe de las alteraciones que ha sufrido ese ecosistema.
Capital social en organizaciones cafetaleras de dos regiones de la zona centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Hernández Sánchez María Isabel , Nava Tablada Martha Elena
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el nivel de capital social en dos organizaciones cafetaleras de la zona centro de Veracruz, México, para valorar en qué medida las actividades grupales implementadas contribuyen a superar la crisis del sector. Se aplicaron 41 cuestionarios a los socios y dos entrevistas semiestructuradas a los dirigentes de las organizaciones. El capital social existe en ambas organizaciones, sin embargo, éste no se presenta en el mismo nivel. La organización de la región de Coatepec tiene un bajo grado de capital social, producto de los escasos niveles de confianza, reciprocidad, cooperación y participación; lo cual se refleja en cohesión débil, redes y alianzas poco densas. La organización de la región de Huatusco presenta un alto grado de capital social, expresado en mayores niveles de confianza, solidaridad, cooperación, participación y redes consolidadas que fortalecen sus capacidades para realizar acciones colectivas en beneficio de sus miembros. El concepto de capital social es útil para comprender el papel de las organizaciones cafetaleras en la generación de actividades grupales. Se concluye que un alto nivel de los elementos que conforman el capital social es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para enfrentar con éxito la crisis cafetalera.
Gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos, capacidades del gobierno municipal y derechos ambientales
Authors: Gran Castro Juan Alberto , Bernache Pérez Gerardo
Published: January 2020

El sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos está inmerso en un esquema jerárquico y centralizado cuyo éxito depende de las capacidades y acciones del gobierno local. El objetivo del estudio es analizar dicha gestión en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco desde una posición centrada en la sociedad. En la investigación se utilizó metodología y herramientas de obtención de información cualitativa: cuestionario, encuesta, entrevista a actores clave y visita de campo. La conclusión de esta investigación es que las capacidades del gobierno municipal resultan insuficientes y son rebasadas por las necesidades en materia de residuos, ocasionando transgresiones a los derechos ambientales colectivos y transgeneracionales.
¿Está preparado México para el fracking? Reforma energética en México 2014
Authors: Gutiérrez Nájera Raquel
Published: January 2020

En el marco de la reforma energética de 2014, México pretende basar su crecimiento económico en el incremento de su dependencia con los recursos fósiles, la exploración y producción de hidrocarburos y abriendo al sector privado la actividad energética. Para ello, realiza nuevos arreglos institucionales, programáticos y normativos que faciliten y flexibilicen la exploración, el reconocimiento y producción de energías convencionales y no convencionales, incluyendo técnicas altamente cuestionadas por sus impactos ambientales, sociales y en salud pública como es el fracking. Sin embargo, ello le llevaría a incumplir con los compromisos internacionales asumidos de transitar hacia una economía baja en carbono y más sustentable. En virtud de que son reformas de recientes datos y que aún no existe evidencia de los resultados de las mismas, el objetivo del presente artículo, es hacer una aproximación al análisis de las reformas legales en materia energética mediante el método exegético, para contrastar dichas reformas con la legislación ambiental y los compromisos internacionales asumidos por México para la reducción de los gases de efecto invernadero. Lo anterior en razón de que México, con estas reformas, promueve un crecimiento basado en recursos fósiles, lo que definitivamente mermará las obligaciones que ha contraído en materia de cambio climático.
Approaches to the review of the Khotyn Uprising in 1919 in soviet and contemporary Ukrainian historiography
Authors: Dubitska Tetyana
Published: January 2020

The Khotyn Uprising was an event that became one of the most striking pages in the history of the region in the XX century. Considerable attention was paid to the study of the history of this issue during the Soviet period, but interpretation of the rebellion has changed several times because of the increasing influence of ideology on the research of Soviet scientists. With the proclamation of Ukraine's Independence, it became possible to objectively cover these events, which led to a process of rethinking the scientific works of Soviet researchers. The presence of different approaches in covering this issue necessitates a detailed analysis of the transformations that took place in the interpretation of the Khotyn uprising.
The article explores the specific features of the main approaches to the coverage of the Khotyn uprising in Soviet and contemporary Ukrainian scientific historical literature.
It is established that in the 20th – 40th of the XX century the Khotyn uprising was reported as a spontaneous peasant rebellion against the Romanian invaders. According to the Representatives of this approach, one of the main causes of the defeat of uprising was the absence of a Bolshevik insurgency organisation.
It is revealed that 50th of the XX century became a transitional period between the previous interpretation of the Khotyn uprising and the new coverage of events, as scientists still emphasized that the uprising was peasantry, but began to provide a significance to revolutionary elements among them.
Since the 60th of the XX century the situation is changed: ideology has become a decisive element in research of the uprising and, therefore, all events related to the uprising have been covered in according to the ideology. Thus, the Khotyn uprising is reported as prepared by the communist-led committee, had a well-planned commencement and aimed at restoring Soviet power in the Khotyn region.
It is established that with the proclamation of Ukraine's Independence in the coverage of the uprising, there are dramatic changes related to the nature and purpose of the uprising, the political orientations of its leaders, etc. In contemporary Ukrainian science, for example, the Bolshevik character of the uprising and the struggle for power of the Soviets is refuted; instead, the emphasis was made on national liberation; it was confirmed the thesis about the orientation of some of the organizers of the uprising to the Ukrainian People's Republic in Kiev. The neutrality of the UPR’s Directory is explained because of the threat of war with Romania.
Keywords: Khotyn uprising, Soviet historiography, contemporary Ukrainian historiography.
Zibotentan, an Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist, Prevents Amyloid-β-Induced Hypertension and Maintains Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Palmer Jennifer C. , Tayler Hannah M. , Dyer Laurence , Kehoe Patrick G. , Paton Julian F.R. , Love Seth
Published: January 2020

Cerebral blood flow is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is associated with mid-life hypertension. In people with increased cerebral vascular resistance due to vertebral artery or posterior communicating artery hypoplasia, there is evidence that hypertension develops as a protective mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion. In AD, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation may similarly raise cerebral vascular resistance by upregulation of the cerebral endothelin system. The level of endothelin-1 in brain tissue correlates positively with Aβ load and negatively with markers of cerebral hypoperfusion such as increased vascular endothelial growth factor. We previously showed that cerebroventricular infusion of Aβ40 exacerbated pre-existing hypertension in Dahl rats. We have investigated the effects of 28-day cerebral infusion of Aβ40 on blood pressure and heart rate and their variability; carotid flow; endothelin-1; and markers of cerebral oxygenation, in the (normotensive) Wistar rat, and the modulatory influence of the endothelin A receptor antagonist Zibotentan (ZD4054). Cerebral infusion of Aβ caused progressive rise in blood pressure ( p < 0.0001) (paired t-test: increase of 3 (0.1–5.6) mmHg ( p = 0.040)), with evidence of reduced baroreflex responsiveness, and accumulation of Aβ and elevated endothelin-1 in the vicinity of the infusion. Oral Zibotentan (3 mg/kg/d, administered for 31 d) abrogated the effects of Aβ40 infusion on baroreflex responsiveness and blood pressure, which declined, although without reduction in carotid blood flow, and Zibotentan caused uncoupling of the positive linear relationship between endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, which as a sensor of tissue oxygenation would be expected to increase if there were hypoperfusion.
Relationship between Eating and Digestive Symptoms and Respiratory Function in Advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
Authors: Lee Jang Woo , Oh Hyun Jun , Choi Won Ah , Kim Dong Jin , Kang Seong-Woong
Published: January 2020

Background:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients can have various issues that affect their quality of life, including eating and digestive conditions.

Objective:

We sought to identify the relationship between respiratory function and various eating and digestion related symptoms in patients with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods:

Eating and digestive symptoms, including loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, swallowing difficulty, mastication difficulty, early satiety, and aspiration, were evaluated among patients with advanced DMD who were nonambulatory and required noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support. In addition, various respiratory function parameters were measured, including forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal insufflation capacity (MIC), peak cough flow (PCF), assisted PCF (APCF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). We then analyzed the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and respiratory function parameters.

Results:

A total of 180 patients (age, 22.3±5.0 years) were included in the analysis. Loss of appetite and early satiety showed no correlation with any of the respiratory function parameters. Constipation was correlated with MEP; swallowing difficulty was correlated with MIC, APCF, MIP and MEP; and mastication difficulty was correlated with FVC, PCF, APCF, MIP, and MEP. Notably, age did not correlate with any gastrointestinal symptoms.

Conclusions:

Eating and digestive symptoms are more closely correlated with respiratory function than with age in patients with DMD. We think this correlation is mainly caused by the skeletal muscle strength, which is major determinant of both digestive and respiratory function.
Clinical and Genetic Features in a Series of Eight Unrelated Patients with Neuropathy Due to Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase (GARS) Variants
Authors: Forrester Natalie , Rattihalli Rohini , Horvath Rita , Maggi Lorenzo , Manzur Adnan , Fuller Geraint , Gutowski Nicholas , Rankin Julia , Dick David , Buxton Christopher , Greenslade Mark , Majumdar Anirban
Published: January 2020

Pathogenic variants in the Glycyl-tRNA synthetase gene cause the allelic disorders Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D and distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V. We describe clinical features in 8 unrelated patients found to have Glycyl-tRNA synthetase variants by Next Generation Sequencing. In addition to upper limb predominant symptoms, other presentations included failure to thrive, feeding difficulties and lower limb dominant symptoms. Variability in the age at testing ranged from 14 months to 59 years. The youngest being symptomatic from 3 months and ventilator-dependent. Sequence variants were reported as pathogenic, p.(Glu125Lys), p.(His472Arg); likely pathogenic, p.(His216Arg), p.(Gly327Arg), p.(Lys510Gln), p.(Met555Val); and of uncertain significance, p.(Arg27Pro). Our case series describes novel Glycyl-tRNA synthetase variants and demonstrates the clinical utility of Next Generation Sequencing testing for patients with hereditary neuropathy. Identification of novel variants by Next Generation Sequencing illustrates that there exists a wide spectrum of clinical features and supports the newer simplified classification of neuropathies.
Spatial resolution improvement of 450 kV computed tomography via vertical subpixel detector shifting
Authors: Lifton Joseph , Liu Tong
Published: January 2020

X-ray sources with acceleration voltages of 450 kV typically have large focal spot sizes that lead to low spatial resolution computed tomography (CT) data. In this work a method to improve the spatial resolution of 450 kV CT is developed. The proposed method relies on using vertical subpixel detector shifting and deconvolution to generate a projection-set that has double the number of pixels in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation. The results show that the proposed method is able to increase the 10% modulation transfer function of the considered system from 3 lp/mm to 4 lp/mm. In addition, a scan of a metal additively manufactured component with periodic features of approximately 200 μm is used to demonstrate the method; small features that were not fully resolved in a conventional scan become resolvable when the proposed method is used.
Evaluation of geometrical uncertainties on localized prostate radiotherapy of patients with bilateral metallic hip prostheses using 3D-CRT, IMRT and VMAT: A planning study
Authors: Soda Rikana , Hatanaka Shogo , Hariu Masatsugu , Shimbo Munefumi , Yamano Takafumi , Nishimura Keiichiro , Kondo Shuichi , Utsumi Nobuko , Takahashi Takeo
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:

Since most radiation treatment plans are based on computed tomography (CT) images, which makes it difficult to define the targeted tumor volume located near a metal implant, this study aims to evaluate and compare three treatment plans in order to optimally reduce geometrical uncertainty in external radiation treatment of localized prostate cancer.

METHODS:

Experimental subjects were three prostate patients with bilateral hip prosthesis who had undergone radical radiotherapy. The treatment plans were five-field three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), fixed 5-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using similar gantry angles, and single-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The monitor units (MUs), dose volume histograms (DVHs), the dose indices of planning target volume (PTV), clinical target volume (CTV) and rectum were compared among the three techniques. The geometrical uncertainties were evaluated by shifting the iso-center (2– 10 mm in the anterior, posterior, left, right, superior, and inferior directions). The CTV and rectum dose indexes with and without the iso-center shifts were compared in each plan.

RESULTS:

The Conformity Index of PTV were 1.35 in 3D-CRT, 1.12 in IMRT, and 1.04 in VMAT, respectively. The rectum doses in 3D-CRT are also higher than those in IMRT and VMAT. The iso-center shift little affected the CTV dose when smaller than the margin size. The rectum dose increased especially after a posterior shift. Additionally, this dose increase was larger in the VMAT plan than in the 3D– CRT plan. However, the VMAT achieved a superior rectum DVH to that of 3D– CRT, and this effect clearly exceeded the rectum-dose increase elicited by the iso-center shift.

CONCLUSION:

For radiotherapy treatment of localized prostate cancer in patients with hip prosthesis, the dose distribution was better in the VMAT and Metal Artifact Reduction (MAR)–CT image methods than the conventional methods. Because the anatomical structure of the male pelvic region is relatively constant among individuals, we consider that VMAT is a valid treatment plan despite analyzing just three cases.
Energy Consumption and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Nigeria: An Empirical Perspective
Authors: Olaoye Olusegun Peter , Aderemi Timothy Ayomitunde , John Nwagwu Chinedu , Jude-Okeke Yvonne , Ezinwa Azuh Dominic
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between energy consumption and foreign direct investment in Nigeria over the period of 1990 to 2017. Consequently, Data were collected from UNCTAD World Bank database, World Data Atlas and CBN Statistical Bulletin respectively. Cointegration, DOLS and Granger Causality approach were employed to address the objective of the study.  The major findings in this study are summarized as follow. Energy consumption and FDI inflow have a significant negative relationship with each other. There is a significant positive relationship between energy consumption and oil exports. However, openness of the economy and energy consumption have a non-significant negative relationship. In the same vein, there is an existence of a unidirectional causality which runs from FDI to oil exports in Nigeria. There is one way causal relationship running from energy consumption to oil exports. FDI inflows Granger Causes energy consumption. Meanwhile, energy consumption Granger Causes openness of the economy. Due to the findings that emerged in this study, it is important that this study recommends the following to the policy makers in Nigeria since energy consumption does not drive FDI inflows the policy makers in the country should provide a conducive climate that will facilitate the accessibility of foreign investors to primary energy consumption in the country. Also, the country should improve the value addition to the production of primary energy so that its consumption could be competitive in the global market.Keywords: Energy; Consumption; FDI; Oil Exports and NigeriaJEL Classifications: F21, F23DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8489
EFEKTIVITAS DAN PENGARUH PNPM MANDIRI PERDESAAN, ALOKASI DANA DESA, PENDAPATAN ASLI DESA DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP JUMLAH KEPALA KELUARGA MISKINDI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TAHUN 2009-2011
Authors: Astuti Prihartini Budi
Published: January 2020

Permasalahan kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan yang kompleks dan multidimensional, oleh karena itu upaya pengentasan kemiskinan harus dilakukan secara komprehensif, mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan dilaksanakan secara terpadu. Masalah kemiskinan di Indonesia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari konteks kelembagaan dan tata kelola pemerintahan. Setelah kurang lebih enam tahun sejak pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, sejumlah tantangan tetap ada, namun proses desentralisasi memiliki potensi untuk lebih meningkatkan kesejahteraan dengan membawa pelayanan lebih dekat kepada masyarakat Indonesia, dan terutama kepada orang miskin. Upaya pengurangan kemiskinan sedang dalam proses menjadi lokal, dan pemerintah daerah kini mengikuti jejak nasional dalam menyiapkan strategi pengurangan kemiskinan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan pengaruh PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP) , PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Non-SPP, Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADs) dan jumlah penduduk terhadap jumlah keluarga miskin di Kabupaten Kebumen pada tahun 2009-2011 baik secara parsial maupun simultan.

Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa variabel PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP) berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah KK miskin dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,005459, PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Non-SPP berpengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap jumlah KK miskin dengan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,002676, Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah KK miskin dengan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,010433, Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADs) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah KK miskin dengan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,022590 sedangkan variabel Jumlah Penduduk berpengaruh secara negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap jumlah KK miskin dengan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,017860. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP), PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Non-SPP, Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), dan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADs) efektif dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Kebumen tahun 2009 â€“ 2011, karena secara umum telah terjadi keberhasilan program, keberhasilan sasaran dan pencapaian tujuan secara menyeluruh.
Management Excellence ; Sebuah Pendekatan Praktis Untuk Membangun Organisasi Yang Excellent
Authors: Novandari Weni
Published: January 2020

The concept of management continues to evolve over time. New concepts in management replace the previous concepts that are not relevant anymore with the recent condition. One thing to be observed is that the concepts of management should not merely a collection of principles, procedures, methods and techniques, but the concept should be operationalized, so it can be implemented by the organization.

This article discusses about how to become an excellent organization with the implementation of management excellence. Organizational excellence itself is a manifestation of the concept of total quality management. By applying excellence management, organization will be able to understand the changes and quickly adapt even utilize the changes into the source of their advantage. Organizations are able to understand and align the needs of all stakeholders , able to anticipate the market movements, and capable of interpreting trends will come and the current condition of the well so that the organization can enhancing their performance and achieve long-term excellence.