bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of spectroscopy features in layered MoSxSe(2-x) solid solutions
Authors: Fajardo-Peralta Alejandro , Nguyen Minh An T , Valenzuela-Benavides J , Brodie Alexander , Gontijo Rafael Nunes , Elías Ana Laura , Perea-Lopez Néstor , Mallouk Thomas E , Terrones Mauricio
Published: March 2022

In this work we report the structural and spectroscopic characterization of the bulk MoSxSe2-x solid solutions synthesized by chemical vapor transport. The bulk crystals were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Electron microscopy evaluation of the layered materials shows two distinct types of crystals: flat and easily cleavable hexagonal microcrystals up to 50 μm in size, and agglomerated irregular crystals of 5–10 μm in size. XRD shows a consistent increase in interplanar spacing as the Se content is increased in the sample series. Raman spectra of bulk MoSxSe2-x obtained with three different excitation energies revealed first order phonon modes associated with pure MoS2 (x = 2) and MoSe2 (x = 0) along with a complex behavior of vibrational modes when x had intermediate values. XPS Mo3d line scans indicate a slight shift towards lower binding energies as the Se/S ratio increases, consistent with the expected energies of MoSe2. A simple and direct relationship can be established between the characteristic Raman peaks and the value of x, which can be useful for identifying the compositions of TMD crystals.
Quantifying stability of parameter estimates for in vivo nearly incompressible transversely-isotropic brain MR elastography
Authors: Jyoti Dhrubo , McGarry Matthew , Van Houten Elijah , Sowinski Damian , Bayly Philip V , Johnson Curtis L , Paulsen Keith
Published: March 2022

Easily computable quality metrics for measured medical data at point-of-care are important for imaging technologies involving offline reconstruction. Accordingly, we developed a new data quality metric for in vivo transversely-isotropic (TI) magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) based on a generalization of the widely accepted octahedral shear-strain calculation. The metric uses MRE displacement data and an estimate of the TI property field to yield a ‘stability map’ which predicts regions of low versus high accuracy in the resulting material property reconstructions. We can also calculate an average TI parameter stability (TIPS) score over all voxels in a region of interest for a given measurement to indicate how reliable the recovered mechanical property estimate for the region is expected to be. The calculation is rapid and places little demand on computing resources compared to the computationally intensive material property reconstruction from non-linear inversion (TI-NLI) of displacement fields, making it ideal for point-of-care evaluation of data quality. We test the predictions of the stability map for both simulated phantoms and in vivo human brain data. We used a range of different displacement datasets from vibrations applied in the anterior-posterior (AP), left-right (LR) and combined AP + LR directions. The TIPS and variability maps (noise sensitivity or variation from the mean of repeated MRE scans) were consistently anti-correlated. Notably, Spearman correlation coefficients ∣R∣>0.6 were found between variability and TIPS score for individual white matter tracts with in vivo data. These observations demonstrate the reliability and promise of this data quality metric to screen data rapidly in realistic clinical MRE applications.
Allowed and forbidden zones in a Lightning-strokes spatio-temporal differential space
Authors: Ben Ami Yuval , Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Yair Yoav
Published: March 2022

In this work, we analyze time series of lightning strokes as detected by an LF/VLF network, over the Eastern Mediterranean during winter storms. The strokes’ raw data is examined without pre-grouping it into flashes. A distance-versus-time differential space (termed dRvsdT) is introduced, examining the intervals between successive strokes. While it loses information on the strokes’ exact time and location, it clusters common properties of the time and space intervals. The clusters on the dRvsdT space point on strokes within a flash (<1 s), strokes that occur almost simultaneously but in remote thunderclouds (located 10 s–100 s km away), the recharge time of a thundercloud (10 s of sec, a time-lag when strokes cannot occur), and counts of local and remote flashes. This method and its implications for flash determination and properties are universal and can be used for similar measurements around the globe.
Improvements on hot corrosion behaviour of HVOF coated CO2 laser beam and pulsed gas tungsten arc weldments in 2.5% sulphur gas plus molten salt in industrial waste incinerator environment
Authors: P Roshith , M Arivarasu
Published: March 2022

This research article discusses in detail how the‌ ‌rate‌ ‌of‌ ‌corrosion‌ ‌increases‌ for the Alloy 254 in the ‌molten‌ ‌salt‌ ‌mixture‌ ‌of‌ ‌10‌ ‌wt%‌ ‌NaCl‌ ‌+ 40‌ ‌wt%‌ ‌K‌2‌SO‌4‌ + 40‌ ‌wt%‌ ‌Na‌2‌SO‌4‌ ‌+‌ ‌10‌ ‌wt%‌ ‌KCl‌ ‌and‌ ‌corrosive‌ ‌gas‌ combination of ‌ ‌2.5‌%‌ ‌SO‌2‌ ‌+‌ ‌3‌%‌ ‌O‌2‌ ‌+‌ ‌25‌%‌ ‌CO‌2‌ ‌+‌ ‌69.5‌%‌ ‌N‌2 in simulated municipal‌ ‌solid‌ ‌waste‌ ‌‌incinerator environment at 700 °C and 800 °C.‌ ‌In addition, the article shows rate of ‌thermal corrosion abridged due to the addition‌ ‌of‌ ‌80‌ ‌Ni-‌ ‌20‌ ‌Cr‌ ‌-‌High-velocity oxygen fuel ‌coating‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌SMO‌ ‌254‌ ‌specimen. Thermogravimetric analysis is adapted to analyze the corrosion rate. A‌ ‌higher‌ ‌hardness‌ ‌was‌ ‌obtained‌ ‌for‌ ‌the‌ ‌High-velocity oxygen fuel coated‌ ‌specimen‌ ‌than‌ ‌that‌ ‌of‌ ‌base‌ ‌metal.‌ ‌Surface‌ ‌roughness‌ ‌was‌ ‌measured‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌thermal‌ ‌barrier‌ ‌coated‌ ‌surface.‌ As a result of the impact of molten salt and corrosive gas, hot corrosion by-products such as ‌sulphides, chlorides‌ ‌and‌ ‌Na‌ are produced, which are observed to increase the severity of corrosion rate. ‌‌ The study provides a detailed analysis of the metallurgical changes along the cross-section on the hot corroded samples by optical and Scanning electron microstructural image analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to know about the corrosion products formed during corrosion. Formation‌ of the major protective oxide phases such as NiCr2O4, Cr2O3, NiO and CrMnO4 provide better corrosion resistance to the substrate in the coated samples. The diffusion of the corrosive elements along the cross-section of the weld interface, weld zone, and base metal zone was analyzed in detail using Electron dispersive spectroscopy‌ ‌data in the point scan, line scan, and x-ray mapping techniques. Thermal spray coatings were found to be effective to prevent the hot corrosion, however, a higher weight gain (17.75 mg cm−2) was observed on the pulse current gas tungsten arc weldment sample in the simulated environment compared to a weight gain (2.66 mg cm−2) base metal specimen at 700 °C. Spallation of coated surface occurred at 800 °C, and it could be concluded that the coating has found to be effective in preventing the hot corrosion and safe to operate at a temperature of 700 °C for Alloy 254 in this aggressive simulated environment.
Interspecific interactions alter plant functional strategies in a revegetated shrub-dominated community in the Mu Us Desert, China
Authors: Miao Chun , Bai Yuxuan , Zhang Yuqing , She Weiwei , Liu Liang , Qiao Yangui , Qin Shugao
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Previous studies investigating plant–plant interactions have focused on plant growth, context dependence and shifts in interactive outcomes. However, changes in functional traits in the context of interactions have been inadequately explored; few studies have focused on the effects of interactions on the plasticity of functional strategies.

Methods

We conducted a 4-year removal experiment for the xeric shrub Artemisia ordosica and perennial graminoids (PGs) in the Mu Us Desert, northern China. Soil nutrient content, biomass and 12 functional traits related to plant morphology and nutrient status were measured for the shrub species and a dominant PG species (i.e. Leymus secalinus) in the presence and absence of shrubs and PGs.

Key Results

Shrubs affected the functional traits of L. secalinus, reducing leaf dry matter content and increasing plant height, which probably promoted the functional strategy of L. secalinus towards a more resource-acquisitive and competitive strategy. In contrast, when the shrubs were affected by PGs, they shifted towards a resource-conservative and stress-tolerative strategy, by increasing leaf dry matter content and decreasing specific leaf area. Moreover, the shrub species relied more on internal nutrient recycling (higher nitrogen resorption efficiency) rather than on external nitrogen uptake under nitrogen competition; instead, L. secalinus tended to exhibit higher external nitrogen uptake from soil during nitrogen shortages.

Conclusions

This study indicated that the functional strategies and nutrient cycling of the shrub species and the dominant PG were altered by each other. The shifts in functional traits may help plants to coexist in the community for a relatively long time. Our findings highlighted that interspecific interactions alter plant functional strategies and provided new insights into community assembly and succession mechanisms in a revegetated shrubland for ecological restoration of drylands.
Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth
Authors: van Kampen Ruth , Fisichelli Nicholas , Zhang Yong-Jiang , Wason Jay
Published: March 2022

Droughts interact with tree phenology to drive declines in growth. As climate change makes drought more likely in the Northeastern USA, it is important to understand how droughts at different times of year will lead to reduced height and diameter growth of trees. To determine how seasonal drought may reduce intra-annual growth, we implemented spring, summer or fall droughts on 288 containerized saplings of six tree species (Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Prunus serotina, Juniperus virginiana, Pinus strobus and Thuja occidentalis). We tracked weekly soil moisture, leaf water potential, height, diameter and survival of all trees before, during and after each 6-week drought. We found that the tree species that conducted the majority of their height or diameter growth in the spring were most sensitive to spring droughts (B. papyrifera and Pi. strobus). Thuja occidentalis also experienced significantly reduced growth from the spring drought but increased growth after the drought ended and achieved total height and diameter growth similar to controls. In contrast, summer droughts halted growth in most species for the remainder of the growing season even after the drought had ended. Fall droughts never impacted growth in the current year. These fine temporal-scale measurements of height and diameter growth suggest that tree response varies among species and is dynamic at intra-annual scales. These relatively rare data on intra-annual height growth sensitivity are important for canopy recruitment of saplings in forest ecosystems. Species-specific sensitivities of intra-annual growth to drought can inform models of forest competition in a changing climate.
VATA-ADL: The Visual Analogue Test for Anosognosia for Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Della Sala Sergio , Cocchini Gianna , Beschin Nicoletta , Fowler Elizabeth A , Kaschel Patrick , McIntosh Robert D
Published: March 2022

Objective

To study awareness of problems with one’s own Activities of Daily Living (ADL) following stroke by means of a novel instrument—the Visual-Analogue Test for Anosognosia for Activities of Daily Living (VATA-ADL).

Methods

The new test overcomes some of the methodological problems of traditional structured interviews and self-rating questionnaires. In particular, to account for possible verbal communication difficulties, each question is illustrated by a drawing and a 4-point visual-analogue Likert scale. The patient’s self-rating is compared with that given by informants (personal or professional caregiver) to acquire a measure of metacognition of one’s own problems in performing everyday tasks.

Results

The VATA-ADL was validated in 61 dyads of older people and their informants. A group of 80 post-acute stroke patients and their informants then completed the test. Informant ratings correlated highly with traditional ADL scales, the questionnaire items showed high internal consistency (α = .95) and loaded onto one factor. By comparison to informants’ assessments, the patients showed a generally poor appreciation of their functional disabilities. Thirty-nine patients overestimated their abilities (anosognosia) whereas nine showed underestimation of their abilities.

Conclusions

Anosognosia (overestimation of abilities) for ADL is frequent, even in post-acute stages post-stroke. Some other patients underestimated their abilities, indicating that poor metacognition of one’s own abilities in brain damaged patients is bi-directional. Both types of misestimation may have clinical consequences worth considering for the wellbeing of patients and their carers.
‘Sneering, or Other Social Pelting’
Authors: O’Brien Lucy
Published: March 2022

My aim in this piece is to understand what kinds of acts sneering acts are. I aim to look at what sneering acts do and what social function they perform. In particular, I want to mark them out as acts of ‘making people feel’. I explore the grounds on which we might criticize sneering acts, and ask whether the thing that we do when we sneer is always vicious.
Truth without Dependence
Authors: Trueman Robert
Published: March 2022

According to the Dependency Theory, truth asymmetrically depends on the world, in the following sense: true propositions are true because the world makes them true. The Dependency Theory strikes many philosophers as incontrovertible, but in this paper I reject it. I begin by presenting a problem for the Dependency Theory. I then develop an alternative to the Dependency Theory which avoids that problem. This alternative is an immodest Identity Theory of Truth, and I end the paper by responding to Dodd’s charge that immodest Identity Theories are incoherent.
Multiobjective optimization-driven primer design mechanism: towards user-specified parameters of PCR primer
Authors: Yang Cheng-Hong , Cheng Yu-Huei , Yang Emirlyn Cheng , Chuang Li-Yeh , Lin Yu-Da
Published: March 2022

Primers are critical for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and influence PCR experimental outcomes. Designing numerous combinations of forward and reverse primers involves various primer constraints, posing a computational challenge. Most PCR primer design methods limit parameters because the available algorithms use general fitness functions. This study designed new fitness functions based on user-specified parameters and used the functions in a primer design approach based on the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to address the challenge of primer design with user-specified parameters. Multicriteria evaluation was conducted simultaneously based on primer constraints. The fitness functions were evaluated using 7425 DNA sequences and compared with a predominant primer design approach based on optimization algorithms. Each DNA sequence was run 100 times to calculate the difference between the user-specified parameters and primer constraint values. The algorithms based on fitness functions with user-specified parameters outperformed the algorithms based on general fitness functions for 11 primer constraints. Moreover, MOPSO exhibited superior implementation in all experiments. Practical gel electrophoresis was conducted to verify the PCR experiments and established that MOPSO effectively designs primers based on user-specified parameters.
Roles of the fibroblast growth factor signal transduction system in tissue injury repair
Authors: Chen Keyang , Rao Zhiheng , Dong Siyang , Chen Yajing , Wang Xulan , Luo Yongde , Gong Fanghua , Li Xiaokun
Published: March 2022

Following injury, tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process, resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms. Both the repair and regeneration processes are highly coordinated by a hierarchy of interplay among signal transduction pathways initiated by different growth factors, cytokines and other signaling molecules under normal conditions. However, under chronic traumatic or pathological conditions, the reparative or regenerative process of most tissues in different organs can lose control to different extents, leading to random, incomplete or even flawed cell and tissue reconstitution and thus often partial restoration of the original structure and function, accompanied by the development of fibrosis, scarring or even pathogenesis that could cause organ failure and death of the organism. Ample evidence suggests that the various combinatorial fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and receptor signal transduction systems play prominent roles in injury repair and the remodeling of adult tissues in addition to embryonic development and regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on our current understanding of the roles, the underlying mechanisms and clinical application of FGFs in tissue injury repair.
Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Study
Authors: Surgers Laure , Chiarabini Thibault , Royer Guilhem , Rougier Hayette , Mercier-Darty Mélanie , Decré Dominique , Valin Nadia , Woerther Paul-Louis , Decousser Jean-Winoc , Girard Pierre-Marie , Lacombe Karine , Boyd Anders
Published: March 2022

Background

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) represent a major threat to public health. Little is known on their potential for sexual transmission.

Methods

We recruited individuals at a sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic in Paris, France, in whom we evaluated the prevalence of ESBL-E intestinal carriage and, among those testing positive, the proportion with clearance 6 months thereafter. We compared carriage prevalence between groups using logistic regression adjusted for age, geographic origin, travel outside Europe, and antibiotic use in the past 6 months.

Results

A total of 2157 individuals participated, of whom 226 (10.5%) were ESBL-E carriers. The proportions of ESBL-E carriers varied across sexual groups and were as follows: HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and who were on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 16.3% (41 of 251); HIV-negative MSM not on PrEP, 9.7% (47 of 487); HIV-positive MSM, 12.2% (61 of 500); HIV-negative men who have sex exclusively with women, 10.0% (44 of 439); and HIV-negative women who have sex with men, 6.9% (n = 33 of 480). After adjustment, ESBL-E prevalence was significantly higher in HIV-negative MSM on PrEP (P < .001) and HIV-positive MSM (P = .01) than in women who have sex with men. A higher number of sexual partners in the past 6 months was associated with ESBL-E carriage after adjustment (P = .004). Escherichia coli sequence type 14 and blaSHV-12–producing ESBL-E were observed only in MSM. Of 102 individuals with ESBL-E returning for testing, 26 (25%) had carriage at 6 months.

Conclusion

ESBL-E carriage is more frequent in MSM undergoing PrEP or living with HIV and with increasing number of sexual partners. More research is warranted to understand the consequences of ESBL-E carriage in these populations and how transmission can be reduced.
Hospitalizations Associated With Strongyloidiasis in the United States, 2003–2018
Authors: Inagaki Kengo , Bradbury Richard S , Hobbs Charlotte V
Published: March 2022

Background

Strongyloides stercoralis is considered to be historically endemic in Appalachia and the American South, but recent surveillance data, especially data evaluating strongyloidiasis associated with hospitalization, are lacking in most parts of the United States.

Methods

We performed a population-based retrospective analysis on strongyloidiasis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2018. Geographic distribution of strongyloidiasis associated hospitalization was assessed. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with strongyloidiasis.

Results

We identified 6931 hospitalizations associated with strongyloidiasis during the study period (11.8 per million hospitalizations). The rate of strongyloidiasis was highest in the Northeast US region, including the Middle Atlantic division (47.1 cases per million population; adjusted odds ratio, 2.00 [95% confidence interval: 1.58–2.53]), and the East South Central division (27.5 cases per million; adjusted odds ratio, 2.77 [2.02–3.80]). Older age, male sex, nonwhite race/ethnicity (particularly Hispanic and Asian), nonprivate insurance, and residence in neighborhoods with low median income were also associated with strongyloidiasis. Immunocompromising conditions, particularly human immunodeficiency virus infection, were present in 41.3% of hospitalizations with strongyloidiasis. In-hospital death occurred in 7.8% of patients with strongyloidiasis-associated hospitalization.

Conclusions

Strongyloidiasis-associated hospitalization is rare in the United States but can be associated with increased mortality rate/mortality risk . It occurs more frequently in poor and marginalized populations. Immunocompromised conditions were common among hospitalized patients with strongyloidiasis. Enhanced surveillance efforts are needed to inform health policies for improving the health of at-risk populations.
Clinical Outcome Assessments in Pediatric Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Receiving Biologics: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hunter Theresa , Komocsar Wendy J , Liu Chunyan , Colletti Richard B , Steiner Steven J , Dotson Jennifer L , Benkov Keith , Zhang Nanhua , Crandall Wallace
Published: March 2022

Background

To assess disease activity, steroid-free remission, and other clinical outcome assessments among pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in the ImproveCareNow (ICN) registry.

Methods

Patients aged 2–17 years diagnosed with UC or CD between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019 were enrolled if they initiated a biologic after enrollment in the ICN registry and completed at least 12 months follow-up after first maintenance dose. Baseline (at biologic initiation) demographics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Pediatric UC Activity Index (PUCAI), partial Mayo score, and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) were assessed for UC; and the Short Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (sPCDAI) and PGA were assessed for CD at first maintenance dose, 1- and 3-year time points. Kappa coefficients were used to assess the level of agreement between the outcome measures.

Results

A total of 1887 patients (UC = 350; CD = 1537) were included. Baseline demographics were similar across groups. For UC patients, mean PUCAI scores decreased and the proportion of patients in steroid-free remission, quiescent state based on PGA, and remission based on partial Mayo score increased from first maintenance dose to 1 and 3 years. For CD patients, mean sPCDAI score of CD patients decreased and the proportion of patients in steroid-free remission by sPCDAI and in quiescent state based on PGA increased from first maintenance dose to 1 and 3 years. Kappa coefficients showed only modest correlation between disease activity assessments.

Conclusions

Disease activity scores improved over time, with more pediatric patients with UC and CD achieving steroid-free remission at 1 and 3 years after first biologic maintenance dose.
Machine learning applications in cardiac computed tomography: a composite systematic review
Authors: Bray Jonathan James Hyett , Hanif Moghees Ahmad , Alradhawi Mohammad , Ibbetson Jacob , Dosanjh Surinder Singh , Smith Sabrina Lucy , Ahmad Mahmood , Pimenta Dominic
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) models are rapidly being applied to the analysis of cardiac computed tomography (CT). We sought to provide an overview of the contemporary advances brought about by the combination of ML and cardiac CT. Six searches were performed in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to November 2021 for (i) CT-fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR), (ii) atrial fibrillation (AF), (iii) aortic stenosis, (iv) plaque characterization, (v) fat quantification, and (vi) coronary artery calcium score. We included 57 studies pertaining to the aforementioned topics. Non-invasive CT-FFR can accurately be estimated using ML algorithms and has the potential to reduce the requirement for invasive angiography. Coronary artery calcification and non-calcified coronary lesions can now be automatically and accurately calculated. Epicardial adipose tissue can also be automatically, accurately, and rapidly quantified. Effective ML algorithms have been developed to streamline and optimize the safety of aortic annular measurements to facilitate pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement valve selection. Within electrophysiology, the left atrium (LA) can be segmented and resultant LA volumes have contributed to accurate predictions of post-ablation recurrence of AF. In this review, we discuss the latest studies and evolving techniques of ML and cardiac CT.
A Delphi Consensus report from the "Prolonged Air Leak: A Survey" study group on prevention and management of postoperative air leaks after minimally invasive anatomical resections
Authors: Zaraca Francesco , Brunelli Alessandro , Pipitone Marco Damiano , Abdellateef Amr , Abu Akar Firas , Augustin Florian , Batchelor Tim , Bertani Alessandro , Crisci Roberto , D’Amico Thomas , D'Journo Xavier Benoit , Droghetti Andrea , Fang Wentao , Gonfiotti Alessandro , Janík Miroslav , Jiménez Marcelo , Kirschbaum Andreas , Kostic Marko , Lazzaro Richard , Lucchi Marco , Marra Alessandro , Murthy Sudish , Ng Calvin S H , Nachira Dania , Pardolesi Alessandro , Perkmann Reinhold , Petersen René Horsleben , Pischik Vadim , Russo Michele Dario , Opitz Isabelle , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Ugalde Paula A , Vannucci Fernando , Veronesi Giulia , Bertolaccini Luca
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES

This study reports the results of an international expert consensus process evaluating the assessment of intraoperative air leaks (IAL) and treatment of postoperative prolonged air leaks (PAL) utilizing a Delphi process, with the aim of helping standardization and improving practice.

METHODS

A panel of 45 questions was developed and submitted to an international working group of experts in minimally invasive lung cancer surgery. Modified Delphi methodology was used to review responses, including 3 rounds of voting. The consensus was defined a priori as >50% agreement among the experts. Clinical practice standards were graded as recommended or highly recommended if 50–74% or >75% of the experts reached an agreement, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 32 experts from 18 countries completed the questionnaires in all 3 rounds. Respondents agreed that PAL are defined as >5 days and that current risk models are rarely used. The consensus was reached in 33/45 issues (73.3%). IAL were classified as mild (<100 ml/min; 81%), moderate (100–400 ml/min; 71%) and severe (>400 ml/min; 74%). If mild IAL are detected, 68% do not treat; if moderate, consensus was not; if severe, 90% favoured treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This expert consensus working group reached an agreement on the majority of issues regarding the detection and management of IAL and PAL. In the absence of prospective, randomized evidence supporting most of these clinical decisions, this document may serve as a guideline to reduce practice variation.
Effect of mental health collaborative care models on primary care provider outcomes: an integrative review
Authors: Holmes Ashleigh , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: March 2022

Background

Collaborative care models (CCMs) have robust research evidence in improving mental health outcomes for diverse patient populations with complex health care needs. However, the impact of CCMs on primary care provider (PCP) outcomes are not well described.

Objective

This integrative review synthesizes the evidence regarding the effect of mental health CCMs on PCP outcomes.

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were systematically searched using key terms, with inclusion criteria of English language, peer-reviewed literature, primary care setting, PCP outcomes, and mental health CCM. This resulted in 1,481 total records, with an additional 14 records identified by review of reference lists. After removal of duplicates, 1,319 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, 190 full-text articles were assessed, and a final selection of 15 articles were critically appraised and synthesized.

Results

The articles included a wide variety of sample sizes, designs, settings, and patient populations, with most studies demonstrating low or moderate quality evidence. Although CCMs had an overwhelmingly positive overall effect on PCP outcomes such as knowledge, satisfaction, and self-efficacy, multiple logistical barriers were also identified that hindered CCM implementation such as time and workflow conflicts. Adaptability of the CCM as well as PCP enthusiasm enhanced positive outcomes. Newer-to-practice PCPs were more likely to participate in CCM initiatives.

Conclusion

Accumulating evidence supports CCM expansion, to improve both patient and PCP outcomes. Logistical efforts may enhance CCM adaptability and workflow. Further studies are needed to specifically examine the effect of CCMs on PCP burnout and retention.
STRIPAK regulation of katanin microtubule severing in theCaenorhabditis elegansembryo
Authors: Lu Tammy , Smit Ryan B , Soueid Hanifa , Mains Paul E
Published: March 2022

Microtubule severing plays important role in cell structure and cell division. The microtubule severing protein katanin, composed of the MEI-1/MEI-2 subunits in Caenorhabditis elegans, is required for oocyte meiotic spindle formation; however, it must be inactivated for mitosis to proceed as continued katanin expression is lethal. Katanin activity is regulated by 2 ubiquitin-based protein degradation pathways. Another ubiquitin ligase, HECD-1, the homolog of human HECTD1/HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, regulates katanin activity without affecting katanin levels. In other organisms, HECD-1 is a component of the striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase complex, which affects cell proliferation and a variety of signaling pathways. Here we conducted a systematic screen of how mutations in striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase components affect katanin function in C. elegans. Striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase core components (FARL-11, CASH-1, LET-92, and GCK-1) were katanin inhibitors in mitosis and activators in meiosis, much like HECD-1. By contrast, variable components (SLMP-1, OTUB-2) functioned as activators of katanin activity in mitosis, indicating they may function to alter striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase core function. The core component CCM-3 acted as an inhibitor at both divisions, while other components (MOB-4, C49H3.6) showed weak interactions with katanin mutants. Additional experiments indicate that katanin may be involved with the centralspindlin complex and a tubulin chaperone. HECD-1 shows ubiquitous expression in the cytoplasm throughout meiosis and early development. The differing functions of the different subunits could contribute to the diverse functions of the striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase complex in C. elegans and other organisms.
Do changes in geomagnetic secular variation, dipole moment and polarity reversal frequency correlate over the past 155 Myr?
Authors: Eid B , Lhuillier F , Shcherbakov V P , Shcherbakova V V
Published: March 2022

Changes in palaeosecular variation, dipole moment and polarity reversal frequency are salient features of the Earth’s magnetic field over the geological past, yet how these changes are linked by the geodynamo remains controversial. To further understand this issue, we provide new absolute (API) and relative (RPI) palaeointensities from the ∼1-km-thick basaltic sequence of Waja (North Ethiopia) emplaced around 31 Ma, yielding an instantaneous virtual dipole moment of 57 ± 9 ZAm2 (1σ, N = 18) and a relative variability in intensity εF = 0.39 ± 0.07 (1σ, N = 19). Our analysis of the API database with strict selection criteria (inclusion of Thellier-style determinations with pTRM checks only, at least five determinations per cooling unit, and within-unit relative standard error lower than 10 per cent) fails to identify any robust correlation between changes in dipole moment and reversal frequency over the past 155 Myr. More convincingly, the available RPI results are consistent with an increase of the palaeosecular-variation proxy εF with reversal rate, as predicted by numerical dynamo simulations. We also find that the API-based estimate εF = 0.40 ± 0.03 (1σ, N = 104), computed from the filtered version of the World Palaeointensity Database for the 0.77–31 Ma interval, is consistent with the scaling rule, suggesting that the API record has been sufficiently sampled over the past 31 Ma. We thus speculate that the absence of negative correlation between changes in dipole moment and reversal frequency in the API database over the past 155 Myr may be the result of insufficient sampling prior to 31 Ma rather than the signature of an intrinsic geomagnetic feature.
SPG15 protein deficits are at the crossroads between lysosomal abnormalities, altered lipid metabolism and synaptic dysfunction
Authors: Marrone Lara , Marchi Paolo M , Webster Christopher P , Marroccella Raffaele , Coldicott Ian , Reynolds Steven , Alves-Cruzeiro João , Yang Zih-Liang , Higginbottom Adrian , Khundadze Mukhran , Shaw Pamela J , Hübner Christian A , Livesey Matthew R , Azzouz Mimoun
Published: March 2022

Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15 (HSP15) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the inability to produce SPG15 protein, which leads to lysosomal swelling. However, the link between lysosomal aberrations and neuronal death is poorly explored. To uncover the functional consequences of lysosomal aberrations in disease pathogenesis, we analyze human dermal fibroblasts from HSP15 patients as well as primary cortical neurons derived from an SPG15 knockout (KO) mouse model. We find that SPG15 protein loss induces defective anterograde transport, impaired neurite outgrowth, axonal swelling and reduced autophagic flux in association with the onset of lysosomal abnormalities. Additionally, we observe lipid accumulation within the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that distortions in cellular lipid homeostasis are intertwined with lysosomal alterations. We further demonstrate that SPG15 KO neurons exhibit synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by augmented vulnerability to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Overall, our study establishes an intimate link between lysosomal aberrations, lipid metabolism and electrophysiological impairments, suggesting that lysosomal defects are at the core of multiple neurodegenerative disease processes in HSP15.
Morphological, behavioral and cellular analyses revealed different phenotypes in Wolfram syndrome wfs1a and wfs1b zebrafish mutant lines
Authors: Crouzier Lucie , Richard Elodie M , Diez Camille , Alzaeem Hala , Denus Morgane , Cubedo Nicolas , Delaunay Thomas , Glendenning Emily , Baxendale Sarah , Liévens Jean-Charles , Whitfield Tanya T , Maurice Tangui , Delprat Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by diabetes, optic atrophy and deafness. Patients die at 35 years of age, mainly from respiratory failure or dysphagia. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to block the progression of symptoms and there is an urgent need for adequate research models. Here, we report on the phenotypical characterization of two loss-of-function zebrafish mutant lines: wfs1aC825X and wfs1bW493X. We observed that wfs1a deficiency altered the size of the ear and the retina of the fish. We also documented a decrease in the expression level of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes in basal condition and in stress condition, i.e. after tunicamycin treatment. Interestingly, both mutants lead to a decrease in their visual function measured behaviorally. These deficits were associated with a decrease in the expression level of UPR genes in basal and stress conditions. Interestingly, basal, ATP-linked and maximal mitochondrial respirations were transiently decreased in the wfs1b mutant. Taken together, these zebrafish lines highlight the critical role of wfs1a and wfs1b in UPR, mitochondrial function and visual physiology. These models will be useful tools to better understand the cellular function of Wfs1 and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for WS.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm, Diamondback Moth and Cabbage Looper, 1986
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Mclntire J. R. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 3 Jul. “Schultz” starter fertilizer was used at planting and 10N-10P-10K fertilizer was applied on 12 Aug at a rate of 400 lb/acre. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.3. Each plot consisted of 2 18 ft rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3 ft row spacing. All applications were made with a C02 pressurized sprayer delivering ca 60 gal/acre at 40 psi.
Control of Lepidopterous Labvae on Fall Cabbage, 1986
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John
Published: March 2022

Cabbage transplants were planted on 5 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Cabbage was transplanted with 17-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 75 gal water per acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 5, 12, 19, and 26 Sep, and 3 and 10 Oct. Dipel 2X (0.25 lb/acre) and ABG 6167 (0.5 pt/acre) were applied in the ABG 6101 and 6204 plots, respectively, on 5 Sep. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the number of imported cabbageworm (ICW), cabbage looper (CL), diamondback moth (DB), and cabbage web worm (CWW) on 5 randomly chosen plants per treatment. On 16 Oct, damage ratings were determined as in Greene et al. (J. of Econ. Entomol., 62 (4): 798-800). Plants with a damage rating of 3 or below were considered marketable.
Control of a Carrot Weevil, 1986
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Woodson W. D.
Published: March 2022

‘Danvers 126’ carrots were direct-seeded into 2 row beds on 40-in centers on 11 Nov at the Tex. Agric. Exp. Sta., Weslaco, TX. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of early, late and entire season applications of methyl-parathion and Pydrin and untreated controls. Early and continuous season spray regimes were initiated 4 Dec. Early season treatments were terminated 12 Feb. Late season treatments were initiated 26 Feb and continued along with entire season treatments until 6 May. Applications were made at approximately 2 week intervals using a back-pack mounted sprayer operated at 40 psi, 2 mph with nozzles 10 inches above the leaf canopy delivering 10 gal/acre. Plots were sampled prior to treatment and at 8, 16 and 24 weeks post initial applications. Ten randomly selected carrots from each plot were examined for feeding damage to roots and presence of eggs and larvae in the roots and foliage. Data was analysed using covariance analysis with pre-treatment data serving as plot covariants and mean separations determined using the SAS procedure PDIFF and DNMRT.
Apple, Aphid Control, 1986
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test chemicals were applied on 24 Jul to 18-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 350 gal/acre. There were 2 single tree replicates in each treatment in a randomized complete block design. The standard pesticide program during the course of this test consisted of Captan 80W (0.7 lb/100), Imidan 50W (1 lb/100), and Thiodan 50W (1 lb/ 100) applied on 1 Aug. Prior to treatment, 5 succulent terminal shoots were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 1 to 2 m. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on each terminal stem included by these leaves. Weather during this test was generally wet; also 1 inch of rain occurred on 26 Jul. For 3 days following application of aphicides, maximum temperatures were 84° to 89°F.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insect Pests on Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

Silver Treat’ sweet corn were planted 10 Jul to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25-ft long. Foliar sprays at silking were applied with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, using a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. The center two rows of each plot were treated and the outer two rows were untreated guard rows. Sprays were applied on 26, 29 Aug; 3, 5, 8 and 12 Sep. At harvest (17 Sep), twenty ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “fresh-market” (clean ears, no damage evident), “processing” (evidence of tip feeding, but less than 3.6 cm tip damage) and “culls” (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All ‘worms’ found within the husk or ear were identified, counted and recorded; all ears were then weighed and total weights recorded. On 28 Oct, twenty stalks from the center two rows of each plot were split from three nodes above the ear to three nodes below the ear and each 2.5 cm of European corn borer (ECB) damage was recorded as one cavity.
Onion Thrips Control on Onion in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Story R. N. , Lye B. H.
Published: March 2022

A study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment, Louisiana State University, St. Gabriel, LA, in the spring of 1986 to evaluate the efficacy of certain compounds for the control of onion thrips on onion. Onion sets were transplanted on 38-inch rows on 12 Feb with a plant spacing of 6 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 40 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 2, 14, and 24 Apr. Insect population counts were made on 11, 21, and 30 Apr. At each sampling date within each plot, 5 plants were randomly selected for sampling. The total number of thrips present on each plant was counted by careful examining each leaf.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes with Foliar Sprays, 1986
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the William Rodonis Farm, Litchfield, NH, where a Colorado potato beetle population known to be resistant to several registered insecticides is known to occur. The location had been planted with potatoes in 1985 which insured an adequate population of overwintering adults. ‘Norland’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows spaced 3 ft apart on 25 Apr. Temik 15G was applied in the seed piece furrow at planting time at a rate of 20 lb/acre. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Spray applications were begun on 10 Jun when the activity of Temik had subsided and adult beetles were laying eggs, Spray applications were made with a R & D C02 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 35 gal/acre (35 psi) using a hand-held boom with 4 nozzles which covered 2 rows. Applications were repeated on 23 Jun, 3 Jun, 15 Jul, and 24 Jul. Evaluations were made on 26 Jun and 17 Jul by counting the live larvae and adult beetles in each plot (50 ft row) that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage. A damage rating assessment was made on both dates using the M. Semel system of: L = visible feeding but less than 10% of foliage consumed; M = 10-25%; VS = greater than 51% but not totally defoliated; DEF = defoliated.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1986
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig S. , Voss Robert Hurley , Ferro David N.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 8 May in South Deerfield, MA. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1000 lb/acre, 10N:10P:10K) and at first hilling (160 lb/acre of urea 45). Soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.3. The previous year, potatoes had been grown in the same field; therefore, Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pressure was heavy. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2 30-ft rows with a 3 ft fallow area separating each plot. Applications were applied with a C02 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi, with a delivery rate of ca. 65 gal/acre. Applications were made on 18 and 19 Jun and on 3, 9 and 23 Jul. Foliar applications of Agrikelp (of 1.0 and 2.0 qt. formulation/acre) were applied on 29 Jun and 7 Jul. The synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was tank mixed with Ambush treatments. Temik 15G applied at planting was administered to each seedpiece using calibrated hand scoops. Temik 15G (2.0 lb/AI) was applied at plant emergence on 3 Jun. CPB densities were determined by counting adults and larvae on 10 primary stalks in each plot. Densities were first determined 18 Jun, before foliar treatments were applied. Early Temik treatments had already effected larval densities by this time. At mid-season, each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale from 1 (0-20%) to 5 (81-100%). When a treatment scored 5's in 2 of 4 plots, further treatment and evaluation was discontinued.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Bacillus Thubingiensis, 1986
Authors: Tompkins George J. , Linduska James J. , Martin Phyllis A. W. , Travers Russell S. , Diggs Diana , Lanham Mary Lynn
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 18 Apr in a Norfolk “A” loamy sand at the University of Maryland Vegetable Research Farm near Salisbury, MD in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates; a guard row buffered each treated row. Rows were 3 ft apart, 40 ft long and plants were spaced 9 inches apart in the row. Treatments were applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. Each spray treatment was mixed in 1 liter of water to which 0.01% of a liquid detergent was added as a spreader. All rows were treated with their respective applications on 23, 30 May, 6, and 13 Jun. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) counts and foliage damage were taken on 5 and 12 Jun and the potatoes were hand dug on 19 Jun and 20. Potatoes were randomly selected and weighed from each row. Foliage damage was assessed as follows: 1 = visible feeding but less than 10% of foliage consumed; 2 = 10-20%; 3 = 21-50%; 4 = 51-90%; and 5 = total defoliation.