bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Tolerance of Students as a Necessary Condition for Intercultural Interaction
Authors: Venera Minazova , Zukhra Magomedova
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the problem of ethnic tolerance of students - future teachers-psychologists - as a necessary condition for intercultural interaction. The specific features of student age are emphasized, which allow to “fix” at a more conscious level the foundations of tolerant behavior laid down at previous age stages. The results of a study aimed at suggesting that the level of development of ethnic tolerance of students of the psychological and pedagogical direction in some of its components is insufficient, and therefore it is necessary to analyze the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of ethnic tolerance of university students. The collection of information about the knowledge and ideas of students about tolerance and the forms of its manifestation was carried out as part of training sessions on the formation of intercultural competence. The results of the study confirmed the need for targeted work with students on the formation of tolerant qualities, and the article reveals the possibilities of the university in the formation of ethnic tolerance in the course of professional training of future educational psychologists. The main directions of psychological and pedagogical work on the formation of ethnic tolerance are determined: educational work; educational work; carrying out diagnostic procedures for the study of ethnopsychological phenomena; student’s independent work; student’s research work; public relations. The experience of the implementation of each direction in Kadyrov Chechen State University.
Linguocommunicative Strategies and Technologies of Conversational Commerce in English-Speaking Chatbots
Authors: Elkin Vladimir , Akopyants Arega , Kiseleva Anna , Tishenko Svetlana
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of studying linguocommunicative strategies and technologies of conversational commerce in English-speaking chatbots. The creation of chatbots as one of the priorities of innovative scientific and technical activities is based on natural language processing technologies as an interdisciplinary field of scientific and practical knowledge located at the intersection of computer science and linguistics and enabling computers not only to understand human, i.e. natural language, but also generate it and enter human-to-chatbot communication. In the course of a comprehensive analysis of theoretical data and empirical material, the role and place of chatbots in modern conversational commerce is established, on the basis of popular chatbots used by various companies a nomenclature of linguocommunicative strategies and technologies used for effective human-to-chatbot client-oriented communication is formed and the linguistic means of the realization of these strategies are examined and described.
Communication as a Factor of Interpersonal Interaction and Manifestation of Empathy
Authors: Arskieva Zalia , Ragimkhanova Larisa
Published: July 2023

This paper reveals a way to communicate at the level of empathy, which is the leading activity in the interaction of people. Communication gives a person the necessary information for the perception and understanding of another person. Communication is the bridge for building interpersonal relationships. If there is no communication in the world, it will be an unimaginable world. Communication skills allow us to live openly, share humanely, put people first, and fully enjoy freedom, harmony, and equality in interpersonal interactions. It is easy to imagine how closed, boring it would be if there were no communication between people. The modern world is a world of communication, through communication we can expand the network of personal relationships and develop a support system in interpersonal relationships, make communication useful, simple and enjoyable, make the interlocutor feel your respect and understanding, quickly inspire others to your understanding, allow others to voluntarily bring more help and develop mutually beneficial cooperation relationship; in addition, it can avoid unnecessary disputes between people, do not hurt the feelings of both parties, reduce the pressure caused by misunderstanding, and overcome anger and fear, shyness and other harmful emotions, and promote physical health. Communication is like a ray of sunshine in the dark, making everything alive and dynamic.
Communication in Social Networks as a Negative Factor Affecting the Performance of Schoolchildren
Authors: Arskieva Zalia
Published: July 2023

This article explores how social media has evolved into an online discussion category where people create content, share it, bookmark it, and chat at incredible speed. With ease of use, speed and reach, social media is rapidly changing public discourse in society and setting trends and agendas in areas ranging from environment and politics to technology and entertainment. Thanks to the invention of social media, people are now sharing ideas, feelings, personal information, photos and videos at an amazing rate. Over the past few years, the increased use of social networking sites has become an international phenomenon. What started as a hobby for some computer literate people has become a social norm and lifestyle for people all over the world. Teens and young adults use these sites as a way to connect with their peers, share information, reinvent their identity, and showcase their social lives. But in fact, this method of communication, as two sides of the coin, brings with it both positive and negative impacts. Social networks are distracting and time-consuming. Schoolchildren sit online for hours, completely ignoring their studies, which leads to a decrease in their academic performance.
Power as a Socio-Linguistic Construction
Authors: Bogatyreva Oksana
Published: July 2023

Intercultural communication, as a process of mutual understanding between two participants in a communicative act belonging to different cultures, is of particular interest to an information person, whose goal is to be in demand in conditions of an overabundance and lack of information. New generations make changes not only in the understanding of reality, but also in the language means of this understanding. This article is devoted to the study of power as a key concept of any society and linguistic culture. The purpose of this article is to consider the characteristic features of the concept of power in English, French and Russian, to identify general trends in its use, as well as features caused by different pictures of the world. The understanding of the differences of this concept in different languages plays an important role in successful intercultural communication.
Approaches to Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Amina Turaeva , Nurkhazhi Amirkhazhiev
Published: July 2023

This paper provides an accessible overview of the various approaches to concept analysis in order to provide a field for discussion of what ontological theorizing might entail. The article advances the notion of concepts as “basic” and sets out the parameters by which they acquire meaning, followed by a discussion of three approaches that address the multifaceted nature of basic concepts in and between different contexts. With the help of conceptual analysis, researchers can identify the first symptoms and manifestations of a particular problem or thesis, as well as establish the course of its development, from its very beginnings to the present day. This technique allows you to connect and explain the individual elements of the language idea, consider its internal structure and study it as a single system.
Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystems in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Zakalyukina Elena , Laipanova Zulfiya , Khasuev Aslanbek
Published: July 2023

Data from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) indicate an abnormally rapid increase in the average annual temperature in recent decades. In the entire history of direct instrumental observations, there has never been such a long and strong warming. Climate change is one of the most acute problems facing the current generation, as it poses a real threat to the development of human potential and the improvement of the quality of life. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has called climate change the top geopolitical and economic issue of the 21st century. Speaking at a special high-level meeting on climate change (September 22, 2009), he emphasized that this problem threatens development, peace and prosperity, will lead to water, food and land scarcity, will cancel out progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, will increase poverty and lead to the destabilization of weak states and the fall of regimes.
Historical Significance of the VI Plenum of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the Cpsu on the Process of Restoration of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat , Yangulbaeva Eliza , Saidov Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

One of the most important stages in the development of the Chechen and Ingush peoples was the criminal deportation of 1944 and the long-awaited return to their homeland in 1957. We are separated from February 1944 and January 1957 by 79 and 66 years, respectively, by historical standards a short period of time, but it included events of a global scale: the Cold War, the change of leaders of the country Stalin - Khrushchev - Brezhnev - Andropov - Chernenko - Gorbachev , the collapse of the USSR, the war in Afghanistan, many other local military conflicts and two “Chechen” wars, space flights and the emergence of new means of communication, computerization.
A Class of Inverse Boundary Value Problems for (λ, 1) Bi-Analytic Functions
Authors: LIN Juan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a class of inverse boundary value problems for (λ, 1) bi-analytic functions is given. Using the method of Riemann boundary value problem for analytic functions, the conditions of solvability and the expression of the solutions for the inverse problems are obtained.
A Power Load Prediction by LSTM Model Based on the Double Attention Mechanism for Hospital Building
Authors: FENG Zengxi , GE Xun , ZHOU Yaojia , LI Jiale
Published: July 2023

This work proposed a LSTM (long short-term memory) model based on the double attention mechanism for power load prediction, to further improve the energy-saving potential and accurately control the distribution of power load into each department of the hospital. Firstly, the key influencing factors of the power loads were screened based on the grey relational degree analysis. Secondly, in view of the characteristics of the power loads affected by various factors and time series changes, the feature attention mechanism and sequential attention mechanism were introduced on the basis of LSTM network. The former was used to analyze the relationship between the historical information and input variables autonomously to extract important features, and the latter was used to select the historical information at critical moments of LSTM network to improve the stability of long-term prediction effects. In the end, the experimental results from the power loads of Shanxi Eye Hospital show that the LSTM model based on the double attention mechanism has the higher forecasting accuracy and stability than the conventional LSTM, CNN-LSTM and attention-LSTM models.
Ökonomische Analyse der molekularen Diagnostik beim
nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom – Eine Bestandsaufnahme der
Versorgungs- und Vergütungssituation in der deutschen
Krankenhauslandschaft
Authors: Kurte Melina Sophie , Siefen Ann-Cathrine , Dengler Robert , Kron Florian
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund Seit 2009 führen zielgerichtete Therapien gegen
molekulare Tumoreigenschaften des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms zu
signifikanten Verbesserungen des Gesamtüberlebens. Aktuelle Erhebungen
der Testraten der dafür obligaten molekularpathologischen Diagnostik
zeigen hingegen niedrige Quoten auf. Während im ambulanten Sektor eine
Abrechnungsmöglichkeit für die molekulare Diagnostik besteht,
wird die fehlende Vergütung im stationären Fallpauschalensystem
als Hürde diskutiert.

Methode Ziel der Analyse war, die Versorgungs- und
Vergütungsstrukturen der molekularen Diagnostik in Deutschland zu
erheben. Hierzu wurden der Versorgungspfad und die
Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten der molekularen Diagnostik systematisch und
qualitativ aufgearbeitet. Im Deutschen Krankenhausverzeichnis wurden quantitativ
alle Krankenhäuser erhoben, die Patienten/-innen mit der ICD-10
Diagnose „Lungenkrebs“ behandeln. Diesen Krankenhäusern
wurden die zutreffenden ambulanten Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten
zugeordnet.

Ergebnisse Eine ambulante Abrechnungsmöglichkeit für die
molekulare Diagnostik wurde über eine Teilnahme an der
vertragsärztlichen Versorgung inklusive medizinischer
Versorgungszentren, der ambulanten Behandlung am Krankenhaus, der ambulanten
spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung, eine Hochschulambulanz oder eine
Teilnahme an einem Vertrag der Besonderen Versorgung definiert. An 1.001
Krankenhausstandorten (889 Krankenhäuser) wurden im Jahr 2020
Lungenkrebspatienten/-innen behandelt. 52% der
Krankenhäuser haben keine ambulante Abrechnungsmöglichkeit
(n=462), wovon 89%≤500 Betten (n=413) aufweisen.
Von 171.824 Krankenhausfällen wurden 32% (n=55.826) in
Krankenhäusern ohne ambulante Abrechnungsmöglichkeit behandelt,
davon entfielen 81% auf Krankenhäuser≤500 Betten
(n=45.260).

Schlussfolgerung Krankenhäuser ohne ambulante
Abrechnungsmöglichkeit der molekularen Diagnostik könnten
aufgrund der nicht kostendeckenden stationären Vergütung einem
ökonomischen Fehlanreiz unterliegen. Innovative Versorgungskonzepte
zeigen Möglichkeiten einer qualitätsgesicherten,
sektorenunabhängigen Vergütung auf. Ein Transfer in die
Regelversorgung könnte die Fehlanreize beheben.
Characteristics and Ethnic Distribution of Aortic Aneurysms in a Caribbean Cohort
Authors: Ramdass Michael J. , Persad Shivani T. , Harnarayan Patrick
Published: July 2023

Background There is a paucity of data regarding relationships between patient demographics and aneurysm characteristics in the West Indies. With this in mind, a retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted analyzing the computed tomography aortogram reports/images of 273 aortic aneurysms.

Methods Data were collected and analyzed on ethnicity, size, type, morphology, presence and maximum size of thrombus and aneurysm location, demographics, and clinical presentation with correlations.

Results There were 273 patients with aortic aneurysms giving an incidence rate of 4.33 per 100,000 people per annum. Statistically significant associations were noted with age, gender, and ethnicity. All false aneurysms were male (p = 0.004). The average size of aortic aneurysms being 0.7 cm larger in males than females (p < 0.001). Females were more likely to present with rupture (p = 0.001). Thrombus was more likely in males, Black and mixed races, and in the 8th decade (p < 0.001). Mean age of presentation was the highest in East Indians at 78 than the other ethnicities (Chinese: 65, Black: 70, mixed: 71, White: 73).

Conclusion Aortic aneurysmal disease is increasing in Trinidad and the Caribbean. Infrarenal fusiform aneurysms are the most common types with many significant differences based on age, gender, and ethnicity in the Caribbean population.
Electrochemical Dearomatizing Spirolactonization and Spiroetherification of Naphthols and Phenols
Authors: Kalek Marcin , Sarvi Beigbaghlou Somayyeh , Yafele Robert S.
Published: July 2023

An electrochemical oxidative ortho-dearomatization of naphthols and phenols with an intramolecular C–O bond formation has been developed. A careful optimization of the reaction parameters allowed for the application of free phenols as the starting materials, in contrast to the existing alternative procedures necessitating aryl methyl ether substrates. The reaction delivers an array of spirolactones and spiroethers in yields up to 97%, under simple experimental conditions: in a constant current mode, using an undivided cell, and without an inert atmosphere. The method avoids using catalysts or stoichiometric oxidants (e.g., hypervalent iodine reagents), generating hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
Endoscopically placed fiducial markers for image-guided radiotherapy in preoperative gastric cancer: Technical feasibility and potential benefit
Authors: Bleeker Margot , van der Horst Astrid , Bel Arjan , Sonke Jan-Jakob , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Pouw R. E. , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M.
Published: July 2023

Background and study aims Fiducial markers have demonstrated clinical value in radiotherapy in several organs, but little is known about markers in the stomach. Here, we assess the technical feasibility of endoscopic placement of markers in gastric cancer patients and their potential benefit for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT).

Patients and methods In this prospective feasibility study, 14 gastric cancer patients underwent endoscopy-guided gold (all patients) and liquid (7 patients) marker placements distributed throughout the stomach. Technical feasibility, procedure duration, and potential complications were evaluated. Assessed benefit for IGRT comprised marker visibility on acquired imaging (3–4 computed tomography [CT] scans and 19–25 cone-beam CTs [CBCTs] per patient) and lack of migration. Marker visibility was compared per marker type and location (gastroesophageal junction (i.e., junction/cardia), corpus (corpus/antrum/fundus), and pylorus).

Results Of the 93 marker implantation attempts, 59 were
successful, i.e., marker in stomach wall and present during entire 5-week radiotherapy course
(2–6 successfully placed markers per patient), with no significant difference (Fisher’s exact
test; P>0.05) in success rate between gold (39/66=59%) and
liquid (20/27=74%). Average procedure duration was 24.4 min (range 16–38). No
procedure-related complications were reported. All successfully placed markers were visible on
all CTs, with 81% visible on ≥95% of CBCTs. Five markers were poorly visible (on <75% of
CBCTs), possibly due to small marker volume and peristaltic motion since all five were liquid
markers located in the corpus. No migration was observed.

Conclusions Endoscopic placement of fiducial markers in the stomach is technically feasible and safe. Being well visible and positionally stable, markers provide a potential benefit for IGRT.
Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Bromides with N-Protected Glycine as an Aminomethyl Source
Authors: Kinoshita Takumi , Makihara Yuta , Murakami Kei , Itami Kenichiro , Jung Jaehyun , Sakakibara Yota , Amaike Kazuma
Published: July 2023

Benzylamines are important scaffolds that are ubiquitously found in various bioactive molecules. Among the benzylamine derivatives, primary benzylamines (ArCH2NH2) are regarded as valuable building blocks for pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report decarboxylative aminomethylation of aryl bromides with N-protected glycine under nickel/photoredox-catalyzed conditions. The corresponding products can be easily deprotected under acidic conditions to give primary benzylamines.
When a Transorbital Penetrating Brain Injury Reveals the Infratentorial Tumor: A Case Report and Technical Note
Authors: Champeaux-Depond Charles , Passeri Thibault , Caudron Yohan
Published: July 2023

A 62-year-old man was referred for a transorbital injury. A preoperative computed tomography scanner confirmed an 8 cm long × 14 mm wooden piece penetrating the right orbit and perforating the anterior cranial base until the frontal lobe with no apparent prominent vascular injury. However, an unexpected posterior fossa tumor causing blocked hydrocephalus was unveiled. Extraction of the wooden stick was safely achieved after intracranial exploration followed by meticulous cleaning and careful watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Except the right eyesight loss, he initially recovered well, were it not for his hard-to-treat hydrocephalus. What at the time of its discovery seemed to be a less important but very likely the indirect cause of its injury, became unexpectedly problematic. Despite all CSF diversion procedures, the patient worsened gradually. Neither a failed attempt to remove the tumor due to the fourth ventricle floor broad infiltration nor the posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy succeeded in improving his neurological status. Despite the diagnosis of a grade II ependymoma, the tumor demonstrated an aggressive radiological behavior with an intense edema of the brainstem, possibly the cause of his drowsiness. Unfortunately, he died of tumor progression solely 52 days after his transorbital injury.
Dilemmas in the Management of Acute TBI: A Prospective Observational Study of Anterior Pituitary Dysfunction and Its Correlation with Outcome
Authors: Choudhary Ajay , Sobti Shivender , Dev Nirankar , Kulshreshtha Bindu , Sharma Rajesh , Kaushik Kaviraj , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2023

Background The frequency and pattern of endocrinal abnormalities among patients with traumatic brain injury occur more frequently than previously suspected.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess anterior pituitary dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and outcome after treatment.

Materials and Methods One hundred patients with moderate-to-severe head injury presenting within 48 hours of injury were enrolled. Blood samples of all patients were taken for the hormonal assay at second day, at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Patients were evaluated by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Glasgow outcome score (GOS), and hormone profile.

Results The median GCS score was 10/15. Forty-four patients were operated and 56 patients were managed medically. Seven operated patients expired; 30 patients had good recovery. In conservative group, 46 patients had good outcome and two patients died. Cortisol and thyroid hormone values were changed prominently, followed by prolactin and growth hormone. On univariate analysis, association of GOS with fT3, fT4, serum prolactin, and serum cortisol was seen. On multivariate analysis, strong correlation of GOS with f T4 values was seen (p = 0.008)

Conclusion Most of the hormonal deficiency occurs in immediate phase. Hormonal screening should be done to improve long term outcome.
Visible–infrared dual-band detection with a polarization sensitivity based on GeSe/Ge heterojunction field effect transistor
Authors: Lu Yao , Wang Bo , Yang Maolong , Zhang Qiancui , Jiang Zuimin , Miao Tian , Zhang Ningning , Zhang Jincheng , Guo Hui , Hu Huiyong , Wang Liming
Published: July 2023

Electronic and optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor heterostructures, combining their respective advantages, have attracted wide attention. In this work, we fabricate a mixed-dimensional GeSe/Ge heterojunction field effect transistor (HJFET), which combines high carrier mobility of 2D GeSe and near-infrared detection of 3D bulk Ge. A significant on/off ratio of 5 × 102 and a transconductance of 0.23 μS are obtained, indicating a convincing gate control ability. Under 532 nm illumination, the HJFET exhibits an excellent photoresponse with high responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency (88.4 A/W, 2.25 × 1012 Jones, and 3280%), and it also can detect the infrared light of 1550 nm due to the absorption of Ge gate. The photogenerated electrons at 532 nm flow to Ge back gate when HJFET works at the reverse voltage bias, which prolongs the lifetime of photogenerated holes in the GeSe channel, thus increasing photocurrent and obtaining better the detection properties. Additionally, the transistor also exhibits polarization-sensitive behavior with a dichroic ratio of 2.37, which can be attributed to the strong anisotropic absorption property of GeSe in armchair and zigzag directions. These results indicate that the device has promising potential as a multifunctional optoelectronic unit, including on/off characteristic, broadband photodetection, and polarization sensitivity.
Freestanding graphene heat engine analyzed using stochastic thermodynamics
Authors: Durbin J. , Mangum J. M. , Gikunda M. N. , Harerimana F. , Amin T. , Kumar P. , Bonilla L. L. , Thibado P. M.
Published: July 2023

We present an Ito-Langevin model for freestanding graphene connected to an electrical circuit. The graphene is treated as a Brownian particle in a double-well potential and is adjacent to a fixed electrode to form a variable capacitor. The capacitor is connected in series with a battery and a load resistor. The capacitor and resistor are given separate thermal reservoirs. We have solved the coupled Ito-Langevin equations for a broad range of temperature differences between the two reservoirs. Using ensemble averages, we report the rate of change in energy, heat, and work using stochastic thermodynamics. When the resistor is held at higher temperatures, the efficiency of the heat engine rises linearly with temperature. However, when the graphene is held at higher temperatures, the efficiency instantly rises and then plateaus. Also, twice as much entropy is produced when the resistor is hotter compared to when the graphene is hotter. Unexpectedly, the temperature of the capacitor is found to alter the dissipated power of the resistor.
Filamentary-like structures of plasma in a small 3-kJ dense plasma-focus discharge in pure deuterium
Authors: Kubes P. , Marciniak L. , Sadowski M. J. , Cikhardtova B. , Cikhardt J. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Malir J. , Munzar V. , Novotný J. , Rezac K.
Published: July 2023

Filament-like structures were observed during discharges in a small 3-kJ plasma focus device operated with pure deuterium. These structures were recorded by means of two different laser diagnostic techniques: a schlieren system and a differential laser interferometry. They present the novel fine-scale (submillimeter) plasma structures recorded during the radial implosion, at the pinch stagnation, at the development of instabilities, and during a decay of the dense plasma column, when hard x-rays and fusion-produced neutrons were generated. The temporal uncertainty of these observations was about 2 ns, and the spatial one amounted to 40 μm. The filamentation seems be a natural and spontaneous process which occurs in high-current, hot, and dense plasmas produced in plasma focus devices. The observed filaments have usually longitudinal and/or azimuthal orientations. Their higher plasma density and appearance in regions of the measured and assumed current flows can be interpreted as the formation of plasma-current filaments with concentrated magnetic energy. These filamentary effects should be studied due to their possible role during the evolution of instabilities and the formation of small sources emitting fast electrons and ions.
Effect of surface polarization and structural deformation on the formation and stabilization of polarons in two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper metal halide perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongsi , Liao Haijun , Huang Le , Xiao Ye , Wen Minru , Dong Huafeng , Wu Fugen , Feng Xing
Published: July 2023

First-principles density-functional theory calculations were performed to reveal the effect of surface polarization and structural deformation on the formation and stabilization of the polaron in two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites. Our results revealed that the orientational distribution of organic cations induces surface polarization. The surface dipole moment can be well featured by the c axis distances between N and the nearest I atoms. Structural deformation and surface dipole moments result in separate real-space distributions of hole and electron polarons. Our results also reveal that the structural deformation of the [PbI6] sublattices and surface polarization are closely related to the reorientation of organic cations and can be effectively modulated by it. This reorientation significantly impacts the stabilization of polarons. Our understandings provide insight into the nature of polarons in two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites and general guidance for the proper selection of organic cations in two-dimensional perovskites for suitable applications in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.
Spatial flux and energy asymmetry in a low pressure capacitively coupled plasma discharge excited by sawtooth waveform: A harmonic study
Authors: Sharma Sarveshwar , Sirse Nishant , Turner Miles M
Published: July 2023

Plasma asymmetry generation in capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges provides control over vital parameters that are useful in many plasma processing applications. In this article, using the particle-in-cell simulation technique, we investigated the spatial plasma asymmetry creation by a temporally asymmetric (sawtooth) waveform by varying its number of harmonics (N). The simulation results predict a non-linear increase in the plasma density and ion flux with an increase in N, i.e., it first decreases, reaching to a minimum value for a critical value of N and then increases almost linearly with a further rise in N. The ionization asymmetry increases with N, and higher harmonics on the instantaneous sheath position are observed for higher values of N. These higher harmonics generate multiple ionization beams that are generated near the expanding sheath edge and are responsible for an enhanced plasma density. The ion energy distribution function (IEDF) depicts a bi-modal shape for different values of N. DC self-bias is observed on the powered electrode, its magnitude with respect to the plasma potential decreases with increasing N, and therefore, the corresponding ion energy on the powered electrode decreases. The results conclude that by changing N of a sawtooth waveform in a collisionless CCP system, the ion flux asymmetry is not altered, whereas sheath symmetry could be significantly affected causing a systematic variation in the ion energy asymmetry. Due to an increase in the higher harmonic contents in the sawtooth waveform, a transition from broad bi-modal to narrow-shaped IEDFs is found.
Light-triggered “on-off” switchable dielectric constant in (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 lead-free ceramics
Authors: Liu Li-na , Chen Xiao-ming , Xu Yu-ding , Lian Han-li , Liu Peng
Published: July 2023

Light control of dielectric properties is very significant to develop photo-dielectric devices. Here, light-triggered “on-off” switchable dielectric constant (εr) was observed in (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics, exhibiting unconventional photo-dielectric effect (PDE). The effects of light switch period (2–165 min), light intensity (20–100 mW/cm2), and wavelength (450–940 nm) on PDE were studied in detail. Variation in εr exhibits remarkable switch effect with changing light on-off, while dielectric loss remains almost unchanged, and conductivity is still as low as 10−12 S/cm with excellent electrical insulation under light irradiation. The unconventional PDE exists in the high-frequency range ≥1 MHz and at the low-temperature of −100 °C. In addition to the thermal effect and light-induced change in domain behavior, it is believed that polarization of the trapped electron-hole pairs under an external electric field contributes to the increase in εr, and the low mobility of the pairs contributes to low dielectric loss and low photoconductivity. The results exhibit that dielectric constant of the lead-free ceramics can be regulated via light, whilst the ceramics keep excellent electrical insulation, endowing the lead-free ceramics potential applications in photo-dielectric devices.
Effects of different current confinement layers in GaN-based VCSELs
Authors: Chen Yan-Hui , Mei Yang , Zheng Zhong-Ming , Xu Rong-Bin , Wang Ya-Chao , Ying Lei-Ying , Zheng Zhi-Wei , Long Hao , Bu Yi-Kun , Zhang Bao-Ping
Published: July 2023

For GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), a suitable current confinement layer is essential for high-performance devices. The effect of different current confinement layers, including SiO2, AlN, and diamond, on the performance of GaN-based VCSELs was compared through simulation. The devices’ heat dissipation and current confinement characteristics were analyzed based on the electro-opto-thermal model. Considering thermal management, the diamond was a better candidate under high injected current. Benefiting from the excellent heat dissipation, the device with diamond shows a significant improvement in output power and the thermal roll-over current. This work gives a superior option for the current confinement layer and can be helpful for future design and fabrication of high-power GaN-based VCSELs.
Improved analytic modeling of the linear Rayleigh–Taylor instability with plasma transport
Authors: Keenan Brett D. , Sauppe Joshua P.
Published: July 2023

The Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability with transport effects has long been studied analytically in the neutral fluid regime. How this picture may differ in plasmas has been given less consideration, however. Leveraging previous numerical simulations with plasma viscosity and diffusion of R–T at a binary plasma interface, we show how plasma transport and kinetic effects alter the linear R–T dispersion relation. Our insight informs a much improved analytical dispersion relation, which better matches the simulation data than previously established models. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of employing asymptotically correct viscosity coefficients in fluid codes for accurately capturing plasma R–T growth.
Numerical study of the coalescence-induced droplet jumping with macrotexture based on single-phase model
Authors: Xiao Xiang-yu , Huang Xiu-hui , Yu Zhi-yuan , Cao Da-min , Chen Shuo , Zhao Jia-yi
Published: July 2023

The low energy conversion efficiency in coalescence-induced droplet jumping limits its potential for various applications, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and energy harvesting. Fortunately, it has been proven that this efficiency can be significantly increased through a sophisticated macrotexture design. In this study, we propose a single-phase model with a moving mesh to simulate the self-jumping process under a ridge. The effect of the ridge is realized by adopting a pointwise constraint on several surface nodes. This effective model is validated by experimental results of droplet velocity. In comparison with volume-of-fluid, a single-phase flow method enhances computational efficiency by at least 33.3%. The kinematics and dynamics of the self-jumping process have been investigated with respect to the influences of ridge height and Ohnesorge number. With the help of the radial distributions of velocity and internal pressure, the self-propelled process can be divided into coalescence-induced and lobe-induced stages. The high ridge brings more symmetry-breaking, accelerating the droplet in the coalescence-induced stage. In the lobe-induced stage, the slingshot effect is weakened under high Ohnesorge number due to the prolate shape caused by viscous dissipation. Moreover, the study's findings demonstrate promising application prospects for other ridge shapes, thereby expanding the potential practical applications of this research.
A refined numerical investigation of a large equivalent shallow-depth underwater explosion
Authors: Sagar Hemant
Published: July 2023

The large equivalent shallow-depth explosion problem is very significant in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering, as such explosions can be used to attack and demolish ships and anti-ship missiles. In the current work, a refined numerical study of the flow-field characteristics of a large equivalent shallow-depth explosion is carried out using a self-developed Eulerian finite element solver. First, the numerical model is validated against theoretical results and a small equivalent explosion test in a tank. The numerical results are found to agree well with the theoretical and experimental results. In the next step, the cavitation cut-off effect is added to the underwater explosion model, and the cavitation phenomenon is quantitatively analyzed through the flow-field pressure. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the bubble and water hump under various initial conditions for different stand-off parameters are analyzed. The effect of gravity on these physical processes is also discussed. The bubble pulsation period, taking into account the free surface effect, is then quantitatively studied and compared with Cole’s experimental formula for an underwater explosion. Overall, when the stand-off parameter γ > 2, the influence of the free surface on the empirical period of the bubble is not significant. Our investigation provides broad insights into shallow-depth underwater explosions from theoretical, experimental, and numerical perspectives.
Dynamical analysis of a class of SEIR models through delayed strategies
Authors: Alfwzan Wafa F. , Baleanu Dumitru , Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Ahmed Nauman
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases, real-world problems, non-linear dynamical complex systems, etc., has increased significantly. According to World Health Organization, tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol. Approximately 5%–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects. The objective is to investigate the impact of time delays in implementing control measures on the epidemic dynamics. The classification of cell population has four compartments: susceptible cells (x), cancer-infected cells (y), virus-free cells (v), and immune cells (z). Our focus is to find the equilibria of the problem and their stability. The stability of the solutions is of two types: locally asymptotic and globally asymptotic. The Routh–Hurwitz criterion, Volterra-type Lyapunov function, and LaSalle’s invariance principle are used to verify the stability of solutions. The graphical behavior depicts the stable solutions to a real-world problem and supports the stability analysis of the problem. The findings contribute to the understanding of epidemic dynamics and provide valuable information for designing and implementing effective intervention strategies in public health systems.
A fuzzy classification framework to identify equivalent atoms in complex materials and molecules
Authors: Lai King Chun , Matera Sebastian , Scheurer Christoph , Reuter Karsten
Published: July 2023

The nature of an atom in a bonded structure—such as in molecules, in nanoparticles, or in solids, at surfaces or interfaces—depends on its local atomic environment. In atomic-scale modeling and simulation, identifying groups of atoms with equivalent environments is a frequent task, to gain an understanding of the material function, to interpret experimental results, or to simply restrict demanding first-principles calculations. However, while routine, this task can often be challenging for complex molecules or non-ideal materials with breaks in symmetries or long-range order. To automatize this task, we here present a general machine-learning framework to identify groups of (nearly) equivalent atoms. The initial classification rests on the representation of the local atomic environment through a high-dimensional smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP) vector. Recognizing that not least thermal vibrations may lead to deviations from ideal positions, we then achieve a fuzzy classification by mean-shift clustering within a low-dimensional embedded representation of the SOAP points as obtained through multidimensional scaling. The performance of this classification framework is demonstrated for simple aromatic molecules and crystalline Pd surface examples.
Nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate based diets
Authors: Jiwuba P. C. , Jiwuba L. C. , Ikwunze K. , Akazue R. C. , Okah U. , Ahamefule F. O.
Published: July 2023

Context Biodegradation of agricultural wastes by enzyme from microorganisms, especially white rot fungi has been promising in degrading structural carbohydrates or structurally modifying proteins and their anti-nutritional properties thereby producing high quality products. Aims To evaluate the nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats (WADG) fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate (PTRCRS) based diets. Methods The experimental diets were formulated such that PTRCRS was included in the different diets at 0, 20, 40 and 60% inclusion levels. Thirty-two WADG between six and eight months old averaging 5.26 kg in weight were randomly divided into four groups of eight goats each. The groups were randomly assigned to four experimental diets {T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%) and T4 (60%)} in a completely randomized design. Each animal received a designated treatment diet in the morning (08:00 h) for 90 days. Feed offered was based on 3.5% body weight per day in addition to 1 kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum which was fed at 16:00 h. Fresh drinkable water was provided ad libitum. Key results There were significant (P < 0.05) differences for dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percentage of body weight (% BW), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes. Daily weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in T3 and T4. Feed conversion ratio decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PTRCRS. Dry matter, CP, crude fibre, NDF and ADF were better (P < 0.05) digested in T4. Nitrogen intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T4 (19.62 g/day) and lowest in T1 (12.39 g/day). Nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention and nitrogen absorbed were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for T4 goats. Conclusion Incorporation of PTRCRS in WAD goat diets generally enhanced intakes, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilisation. Implications The treatment of cassava root sievate, which is in abundance and hitherto without any known economic value other than causing environmental nuisance with PTR, could solve the challenges of feed scarcity which has been a major factor in ruminant production. The feeding of WAD goats with PTRCRS generally enhance their performances.
A corpus-based discourse analysis of transgender labels in the Spanish-speaking press
Authors: García León Javier E. , Rodríguez-Castro Mónica
Published: July 2023

Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing coverage of transgender people in Latin American and
Spanish media. However, there are very few research studies that thoroughly examine the increasing use of terms such as
transgender “transgénero” and trans in Spanish-speaking press. This contribution studies the
linguistic representation of transgender people in Spanish-speaking quality press produced in Colombia and Spain. Within the
framework of Queer Linguistics and Corpus-based Discourse Analysis, this article explores the linguistic choices employed by the
Spanish-speaking press to name transgender people and examines the main differences in the linguistic choices made by newspapers
in the two countries. Unlike in English, the findings suggest that trans and transexual are the
most commonly used labels in Spanish. Although the semantic categories of representation are seen to differ between the two
countries, the linguistic choices observed seem to be closely linked to sociopolitical and ideological preferences.
Influencia de factores contextuales en creencias pedagógicas de los profesores de ELE en China
Authors: Lu Xiuchuan , Zou Xiao , Tao Jian
Published: July 2023

Abstracta

Las creencias pedagógicas de los profesores cumplen una función clave a la hora de marcar la práctica docente. Así, entender los factores contextuales que influyen en dichas creencias puede ayudar a mejorar y reformar la metodología educativa y elevar su eficacia. Basado en la teoría ecológica deBronfenbrenner (1979), este estudio expone en diferentes niveles los factores contextuales que influyen sobre las creencias de 20 profesores de español en ocho universidades chinas. Se revela, mediante los datos de entrevista, que dichos factores consisten en cuatro niveles: educación universitaria y experiencia intercultural (microsistema); política escolar, programa curricular y voluntad de los alumnos (mesosistema); entorno socioeconómico (exosistema), y cultura e ideología tradicional (macrosistema), los cuales también interactúan entre sí. El resultado ahonda en el entendimiento sobre la enseñanza del español en China, lo que genera conocimientos sobre la educación de otros idiomas distintos al inglés en el contexto asiático.
Fusarium Head Blight of Hemp in the US: A Familiar Foe Finds a New Target
Authors: Smith Henry
Published: July 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been a major threat to wheat and cereal production for at least a century. In 2019, FHB was first identified on hemp, with increasing reports in the years following. Hemp can be produced for fiber, grain, or medicinal compounds, and FHB presents a threat to all forms of production and the emerging US market. Traditionally FHB in cereals is managed largely by conventional fungicide use and genetically resistant cultivars. However, neither of these options are available for hemp, and management can be difficult. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the basics of the FHB-hemp pathosystem, including describing the disease cycle, identifying the period(s) of susceptibility, and exploring the impact of hemp in common grain crop rotations.

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The cIAP ubiquitin ligases sustain type 3 γδ T cells and ILC during aging to promote barrier immunity
Authors: Rizk John , Mörbe Urs M. , Agerholm Rasmus , Baglioni Maria Virginia , Catafal Tardos Elisa , Fares da Silva Marcelo Gregorio Filho , Ulmert Isabel , Kadekar Darshana , Viñals Monica Torrellas , Bekiaris Vasileios
Published: July 2023

Early-life cues shape the immune system during adulthood. However, early-life signaling pathways and their temporal functions are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrate that the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2), which are E3 ubiquitin ligases, sustain interleukin (IL)-17–producing γ δ T cells (γδT17) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) during late neonatal and prepubescent life. We show that cell-intrinsic deficiency of cIAP1/2 at 3–4 wk of life leads to downregulation of the transcription factors cMAF and RORγt and failure to enter the cell cycle, followed by progressive loss of γδT17 cells and ILC3 during aging. Mice deficient in cIAP1/2 have severely reduced γδT17 cells and ILC3, present with suboptimal γδT17 responses in the skin, lack intestinal isolated lymphoid follicles, and cannot control intestinal bacterial infection. Mechanistically, these effects appear to be dependent on overt activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Our data identify cIAP1/2 as early-life molecular switches that establish effective type 3 immunity during aging.
Electron and magnon resonant tunneling: materials, physics and devices
Authors: Han Xiufeng , Tao Lingling , Wu Hao , Tang Ping , Xing Yaowen
Published: July 2023

Resonant tunneling (RT) originally refers to electron tunneling through the resonant states of double-barrier potentials with a series of sharply peaked transmission coefficients (close to unity) at certain energies. Electron RT can be used to design promising electronic devices such as RT diode. If the quantum well states are spin-dependent, the electron RT would exhibit spin-polarized or spin-selective properties, as observed in the double magnetic tunnel junctions with a thin intercalary ferromagnetic layer. As a result of the quantum wave–particle duality, RT can be further expanded to magnons—the quanta of spin waves, which opens up a new avenue of research—magnon RT. Because of the bosonic nature and macroscopic quantum coherence, the magnon RT may occur in a wide spectrum and temperature range (room temperature and above room temperature), while the electron RT typically occurs around the Fermi level and at low temperature or around room temperature. Here, we review the recent advances in RT physics of electron and magnon, and outline possible device implications.