bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloning, computational analysis and expression profiling of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) gene during reproductive phases and ovatide stimulation in endangered catfish, Clarias magur
Authors: Agarwal Deepak , Kumar Gulshan , Ashraf Rather Mohd , Ahmad Ishtiyaq
Published: November 2023

The cloning and characterization of the complete coding sequence of the Clarias magur SRD5A1 (CmSRD5A1) gene, which encodes an enzyme responsible for regulating steroid levels by converting testosterone into 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), have been successfully achieved. DHT plays a vital role in enabling the complete expression of testosterone's actions in neuroendocrine tissues. The ORF of the full-length cDNA sequence of SRD5A1 was 795 bp, translating into 265 amino acids, with a total length of 836 bp including UTRs. Like other vertebrates, the signal peptide analysis revealed that SRD5A1 is a non-secretory protein, and hydropathy profiles indicated that it is hydrophobic in nature. The 3D structure of CmSRD5A1 sequence generated above was predicted using highly accurate AlphaFold 2 in Google Colab online platform. CmSRD5A1 contains seven transmembrane helices connected by six loops, with the N-termini located on the periplasmic side and C-termini on the cytosolic side. Structural superimposition with known bacterial and human SRD5As showed very high structural similarity. The electrostatic potential calculation and surface analysis of CmSRD5A1 revealed the presence of a large cavity with two openings one highly electropositive towards the cytosolic side and another relatively neutral towards the transmembrane region. The structural comparison revealed that the electropositive side of the cavity should bind to NADPH and the steroid hormone in the hydrophobic environment. Polar residues binding to NADPH are highly conserved and the same as known strictures. The conserved residues involved in hydrogen bonding with the ketone group at C-3 in the steroids hence fevering Δ4 double-bond reduction are identified as E66 and Y101. Our findings showed that SRD5A1 expression was lower during the spawning phase than the preparatory phase in female fish, while the administration of Ovatide (a GnRH analogue) resulted in up-regulation of expression after 6 h of injection in the ovary. In males, the lowest expression was observed during the preparatory phase and peaked at 16 h post- Ovatide injection in the testis. The expression of SRD5A1 in the brain of female fish was slightly higher during the Ovatide stimulation phase than the spawning phase. This study represents the first report on the cloning and characterization of the full-length cDNA of SRD5A1 in Indian catfish.
Molecular and virulence characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Park Seung Min , Suh Jin Woong , Ju Yong Kuk , Kim Jeong Yeon , Kim Sun Bean , Sohn Jang Wook , Yoon Young Kyung
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to characterize the molecular features and virulence profiles of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates. Clinical CRAB isolates were obtained from blood cultures of adult patients with CRAB bacteremia, collected between July 2015 and July 2021 at a Korean hospital. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 13 virulence genes, genotyping was conducted via multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and a Tenebrio molitor infection model was selected for survival analysis. Herein, 170 patients, from whom CRAB isolates were collected, showed the in-hospital mortality rate of 57.6%. All 170 clinical CRAB isolates harbored blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51. MLST genotyping identified 11 CRAB sequence types (STs), of which ST191 was predominant (25.7%). Virulence genes were distributed as follows: basD, 58.9%; espA, 15.9%; bap, 92.4%; and ompA, 77.1%. In the T. molitor model, ST195 showed a significantly higher mortality rate (73.3% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.015) than the other groups. Our findings provide insights into the microbiological features of CRAB blood isolates associated with high mortality. We suggest a potential framework for using a T. molitor infection model to characterize CRAB virulence. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which virulence improves clinical outcomes.
Correction: Optical absorption and shape transition in neutral SnN clusters with N ≤ 40: a photodissociation spectroscopy and electric beam deflection study
Authors: Lehr Andreas , Rivic Filip , Jäger Marc , Gleditzsch Martin , Schäfer Rolf
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Optical absorption and shape transition in neutral SnN clusters with N ≤ 40: a photodissociation spectroscopy and electric beam deflection study’ by Andreas Lehr et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 11616–11635, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01171A.
Unveiling the influence of daily dietary patterns on brain cortical structure: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Cong , Chen Zhe , He Shaqi , Chen Yanjing , Liu Jun
Published: November 2023

Cognitive impairment is a significant concern in aging populations.
Water extract of green tea attenuates alcohol-related hepatitis by inhibiting liver inflammation and gut microbiota disturbance in mice
Authors: Xia Guoqing , Li Zixuan , Sheng Xiaodong , Xie Zhongwen , Fang Qian , Zhang Cheng , Wang Tiantian , Wang Yulian , Wu Baoming , Lv Xiongwen
Published: November 2023

GTWE attenuates alcohol-related hepatitis by inhibiting liver inflammation and gut microbiota disturbance in mice.
The effects of Fe, Mg, and Pt-doping on the improvement of Ni stabilized on Al2O3-CeO3 catalysts for methane dry reforming
Authors: Jawad Abbas
Published: November 2023

Herein, the promotional effects of Mg, Fe, and Pt on Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3-CeO2 (Ni/Al2O3-CeO2) were investigated in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction.
Highly effective bifunctional defective cobalt phthalocyanine for photo-involved lithium-oxygen batteries
Authors: Xia Yujiao , Yu Xingyu , Xu Yunyun , Fan Xiaoli , Gao Bin , Jiang Cheng , Zhang Mingyue , Huang Xianli , Gong Hao , He Jianping , Wang Tao
Published: November 2023

Photo-assisted lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) have become efficient energy storage devices.
Tri-layer high-temperature all-organic films with superior energy-storage density and thermal stability
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Pansong , Wang Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyong , Chen Weixing , Wang Yifei
Published: November 2023

Tri-layered all-organic composites exceed the upper energy-storage-density limits of commercial bench-mark BOPP (∼1.4 J cm−3) and representative ferroelectric polymer-based composites (<4 J cm−3) at elevated temperature.
Parameter identification of transformer lumped element network model through genetic algorithm‐based gray‐box modelling technique
Authors: Cheng Bozhi , Yang Yaoxian , Shen Shuhang , Wang Zhongdong , Crossley Peter , Wilson Gordon , Fieldsend‐Roxborough Andrew
Published: November 2023

The lumped element network model has been proven to be an efficient tool for the interpretation of transformer Frequency Response Analysis. However, it is challenging to obtain parameters of the model if transformer design information is unavailable. In such a case, optimisation algorithms can be used for gray‐box model parameter estimation. A methodology is developed by the authors to establish a transformer network model without winding design data, and instead, end‐to‐end open circuit Frequency Response and other terminal test results are utilised; and Genetic Algorithm is applied to approximate the unknown parameters of the model. The modelling approach developed is independent of the unit number of the network model and therefore guarantees the accuracy of optimisation. Furthermore, it can deal with transformers with a complicated winding structure such as interleaved disc type winding. Two single windings, helical and interleaved disc type, and a single‐phase 144/13 kV 60 MVA transformer are used to demonstrate the method. FRA spectra produced by the best estimated gray‐box model and the corresponding white‐box model are compared. The main features in amplitude and phase spectra are well matched, with low values of Relative Standard Deviation, for both single windings and transformer. Estimated electrical parameters show a high consistency with reference values, which are calculated based on winding design data. This validates the methodology and gives confidence to apply grey‐box modelling for FRA interpretation.
Conservation efforts of uceng native fish (Nemacheilus fasciastus) through domestication in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Jubaedah Iis , Sayida Bela , Anas Pigoselpi , Aries Gusti
Published: November 2023

Uceng (Nemacheilus fasciastus) is a native fish species from Temanggung. In the past three years, uceng catches have declined due to increased fishing intensity, invasive fish species, and illegal fishing. The purpose of this study is to describe the uceng domestication as an ex-situ conservation effort. This research used a descriptive method design with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The result showed that the domestication of uceng has been successfully adapted to cultivation conditions. In 2015-2018, the Fisheries Agency of Temanggung collaborated with the Center Research and Development Freshwater Aquaculture Bogor to conduct research and development on domestication with the aim of breeding and restocking into public waters to preserve the population. Fish uceng farming uses natural spawning processes that take six months. The water quality conditions are the same as their natural environment habitat, with temperatures ranging from 24-28°C, pH between 7-9, and dissolved oxygen above five ppm. In one breeding process, approximately 1000 eggs are produced with the potential to become 60-70% larvae. Research and development efforts are still being conducted by domesticating the uceng technical team for restocking in public waters. They are expected to provide added value for stakeholders in related sectors.
Application of whole cell microalgae as an alternative to Vibriosis prevention
Authors: Susianingsih Endang , Kadriah I.A.K , Nurhidayah
Published: November 2023

Increasingly intensive aquaculture activities make the development of the disease increase. One of them is Vibriosis, a disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio bacteria. Several alternative disease prevention have been widely used. One of them is by using microalgae. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of microalgae in whole cells on the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Using 5 types of microalgae, namely Melosira sp, Phaeodactylum sp, Nannochloropsis sp, Porphyridium aerugineum, and Porphyridium sp with 105 cells/ mL of density. In vitro, the challenge test was carried out using a Complete Randomized Design with 6 treatments (5 types of microalgae and 1 control treatment without microalgae), which were repeated 3 times. While in vivo, it was carried out using PL 16 tiger shrimp with a density of 20 heads/jar volume of 20 L. The results showed that in vitro can give whole cell microalgae types P.aerugineum, Nannochloropsis sp, and Melosira sp can prevent the growth of luminous pathogenic Vibrio bacteria. While in vivo administration of microalgae Phaeodactylum sp and Porphyridium aerugineum may inhibit the growth of fluorescent pathogenic Vibrio bacteria better than other microalgae and control.
Probiotics and constant temperature's impacts on asian seabass Lates calcarifer fry growth, survival, and health
Authors: Haryanti  , Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Muzaki Ahmad , Permana Gusti Ngurah , Sugama Ketut
Published: November 2023

This study is conducted to provide information on the effect of temperature and incorporation of probiotics on the growth, survival, and health of Asian seabass L. calcarifer fry. A constant temperature of 30 ± 0.5 °C was applied for larval rearing of Asian bass combined with probiotic supplements (Alteromonas sp. BY-9 and Bacillus cereus BC). Containers for larval rearing were using a polycarbonate tank with a volume of 200 L. The treatments applied were (A) application of temperature and probiotics and (B) without application of temperature and probiotics (Control). Each treatment was repeated six times, and the rearing tanks were positioned in a large tank to form a water bath system. The results of growth of fry during rearing with constant temperature and supplemented of probiotics (A) and control (B) showed different growth profiles. The time needed to reach a body length of 2.5 cm in (A) treatment was only 37 days after hatching, while in (B) treatment, it took two days longer, which was 39 days. In (A) treatment, immunity increased in all target genes by relatively high multiples expression (5 times in CAT, 3-30 times in HSP-70, and 1 -1.6 times in SOD)
Quality determination of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae using salinity shock, thermal hock, and formaldehyde dipping
Authors: Sumarwan Joko , Yasa Ngurah , Subaedah Siti , Supono Supono
Published: November 2023

The methods of determination for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae/PL quality were not well recognized by the user or the PLs producer. The objectives of these trials were to determine the correlation of salinity shock, thermal shock, and formaldehyde (37%) dipping (dose and duration) to the survival rate/SR of PLs 10. The thermal shock was conducted at 9, 12, 15, and 18 oC. Salinity shock was conducted with 0, 5, 10, and 15 ppt. Formaldehyde dipping was accomplished with 300, 600, 900, and 1.200 ppm. The survival rate (SR) of tested PLs was observed every 15 minutes for 60 minutes. The results showed that PLs demonstrated 100% survival in all salinity test levels but 0 ppt, which caused a decrease in SR after 30 minutes and longer exposures. The lowest threshold for temperature stress was 15 oC with 90% SR. The PLs demonstrated 90% of SR at below 600 ppm of formaldehyde stress test at all exposure durations. The findings of this study provide basic information for shrimp farmers regarding the threshold level for salinity, temperature, and formaldehyde stress during aquaculture handlings.
Growth performance of freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) as the effect of prebiotic-feed from sweet potato
Authors: Khairunnisah  , Rusydi Rachmawati , Ayuzar Eva , Salamah  , Khalil Munawwar
Published: November 2023

Good growth of freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is supported by an excellent intestinal digestion process in the absorption of feed nutrition. Implementing prebiotics from sweet potatoes is expected to maximize the nutrient absorption inside the digestive tract of freshwater crayfish. This research aims to evaluate the growth performance of freshwater crayfish in implementing sweet potatoes in feed. The research was conducted for one month, from March to April 2021, in the Laboratory of Hatchery and Cultivation Technology, Agriculture Faculty, Malikussaleh University. The experimental design was a non-factorial, completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The experimental factor was different percentages of sweet potato in feed, namely A: 0% (Control), B: 1%, C: 2%, D: 3%. This research showed that prebiotic feed from sweet potatoes had a significant effect (p<0.05) on freshwater crayfish's growth and feed efficiency. The best result was demonstrated by treatment D, namely adding sweet potato 3% in feed at length growth of 2.64±0.035 cm and weight growth of 3.155±0.078 g. Meanwhile, the feed efficiency value of freshwater crayfish was 69.023±7.118%. The water quality parameters during the research were optimal for crayfish cultivation.
Antibiotic-resistant threads of Aeromonas hydrophila as a major pathogen in Indonesia freshwater aquaculture
Authors: Mawardi Mira , Santika Ayi , Setiadi Setiadi , Putri Annisa Wening Maharani , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Kristanto Anang Hari , Pantjara Brata , Suryanto Suryanto , Indrawati Agustin , Wibawan I. Wayan Teguh , Purwaningsih Uni , Sugiani Desy , Penataseputro Tanjung
Published: November 2023

Aeromonas hydrophila is a zoonotic, important primary fish pathogen in many economic fish species. Aeromonas acquires and exchanges antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) and has been widely studied as a potential reservoir of ARGs. This research aims to observe the impact of antibiotics used through the role of Aeromonas hydrophila as a pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The tested antibiotics are based on the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 1/2019 Decree, namely tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin, which the Indonesian government allows to be used in aquaculture. Random sampling was conducted using four to five fishes per farm in West Java, namely Bogor (17 farms) and Sukabumi (10 farms), Central Java at Banyumas (38 farms), and Magelang (25 farms). The test method used is CLSI-2020, an Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test disk diffusion with standard bacteria ATCC Escherichia coli 25922. The results show that A. hydrophila is resistant to tetracycline by 15,06% and oxytetracycline by 54,54%. However, A. hydrophila is sensitive to enrofloxacin by 84%. The aquatic environment acts as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant A. hydrophila and emphasizes the importance of prudent antimicrobial use and timely AMR surveillance in aquaculture.
The effect of different dosage probiotic Bacillus cereus in fish diets on the growth and enzyme activities of coral trout grouper juvenile, Plectropomus leopardus
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Muzaki Ahmad , Giri Nyoman Adiasmara
Published: November 2023

Coral trout grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is one of the economically important marine fish. The feed nutrients and probiotics influence the digestive system of fish. This research aims to get an optimal dosage of the probiotic Bacillus cereus on the diet for enhanced growth and enzyme activity of coral trout grouper juveniles. The experiment was conducted with different treatments with four dosages of probiotics in the diet: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0, % and 1.5%, and repeated four times. The diet was formulated with 48.32%-49.25% protein and 11.97%-12.98% lipid—twelve juveniles of coral trout grouper with an average weight of 5.7±0,3 g and length of 7.3±0,3. The fish were reared in 30 L of 16 polycarbonate tanks with a flow-through system. The research was carried out for eight weeks. The Fish were fed two times a day. The observed parameters were carried out for specific growth rate, survival rate, feed efficiency, viability of bacteria in diet, and enzyme activity. The results showed that the probiotics Bacillus cereus diet increased growth, feed efficiency, viability of probiotic bacteria, protease enzyme activity, and lipase enzyme activity in the intestine. The dosage of probiotics 1.5% in feed showed better results than other diets (P <0.05).
Genetic variation of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) from Indonesian and Australian populations using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)
Authors: Suprapto Rommy , Permana I. Gusti Ngurah , Haryanti  , Muzaki Ahmad , Gunawan  , Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Imron
Published: November 2023

Genetic profiles of broodstock are crucial to enhance a successful selective breeding program in barramundi aquaculture. However, there is currently a lack of information on the genetic variation of the barramundi broodstock population. The study aimed to examine DNA microsatellite characteristics of barramundi from two different wild populations, i.e., Indonesian and Australian waters. In this study, a total of 30 fish were sampled and analyzed from the two localities using six microsatellite primers (LcaM21F, LcaM27F, LcaM32, LcaM35F, LcaM36, and LcaM37). The observation on body weight of 9 months old barramundi showed that broodstock from Australia and Indonesia were 820.25 g and 786.59 g, respectively. Generally, private alleles and the heterozygosity numbers of the Indonesian population were higher than the Australian population. The present study suggests a different genetic profile between the Australian and Indonesian barramundi populations.
Rural area infrastructure as a factor in the development of organic farming
Authors: Maksimovich Kirill Yu. , Lisitsin Alexander E. , Aleschenko V. Vitaly , Yakushev M. Adel , Sayfutdinova M. Adelya
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the impact of rural infrastructure in the regions of the Siberian Federal District on the organic farming development. Authors determine that the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions and southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are characterized by the most favorable conditions for the organic farming development in terms of engineering, transportation and social infrastructure. The infrastructure is relatively well developed in the Altai Territory, the Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Irkutsk regions. Weak infrastructure development characterizes the Republics of Tuva and Altai, as well as remote areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk, and Tomsk regions. The primary mechanisms by which infrastructure influences the organic agricultural sector development are: reducing transportation and transaction costs and increasing profits in producing high-value-added products close to cultivation areas, enhancing the attractiveness of rural employment for skilled professionals, and generating solvent demand among the local population. The article proposes various options for increasing the efficiency of government and business actions in rural areas, including public-private partnerships for implementing infrastructure projects, associated training contracts, institutionalization of remote jobs, government procurement of organic agricultural products with advantages for local agricultural producers.
Choice of technology for heat treatment of large diameter gears on the basis of the system-resource approach
Authors: Gorobchenko Stanislav , Kovalev Dmitriy , Sokolova Viktoriia , Miroshikhina Ekaterina , Yumagulova Venera , Krivonogova Alexandra , Pushkov Yuri
Published: November 2023

The article solves the problem of choosing a technology for heat treatment of gears of large diameter based on a system-resource approach for a particular enterprise. To solve the problem, a functional model was developed, the production resources available to the enterprise were analyzed, and the possibilities of developing solutions using system forecasting models were analyzed. Sketches of the solution were developed for transfer to the departments of mechanization and automation for further design and technological development and manufacturing.
Study of the influence of oil consumption and changes in key indicators during the operation of diesel and gas engines
Authors: Musurmanov R.K. , Utaev S.А. , Turaev A.K.
Published: November 2023

When operating diesel engines, carburetor engines and diesel-based gas engines, carcinogenic substances contained in the lubricating oil accumulate in the exhaust gases. The content of carcinogenic components is different for diesel engines and gas engines based on diesel engines. During the operation of internal combustion engines, motor oils affect the environment with various types of pollution, as a result of waste, evaporation, leaks and spills. In these cases, the content of contaminants depends on the design, operating mode, operating conditions of the oil and its chemical composition. It has been experimentally established that the highest oil consumption is about 80-90% through the gaps in the parts of the cylinder-piston group. As the load increases, an increase in oil flow is observed. As a result of oil leaks through sealing materials, environmental pollution occurs.
Use of morphometric and phenological indicators of Betula pendula Roth for environmental health assessment
Authors: Turmukhametova Nina , Turmukhametov Denis
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of long-term biomonitoring of the quality of the environmental of the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Russia) based on the analysis of morphological and phenological indicators of Betula pendula Roth. The authors studied Betula pendula trees at various stages of ontogenesis in the generative period. The authors also found out the heterogeneity of ontogenetic groups of trees by morphological and phenological characteristics in different ecotopes of the city, differing in the degree of pollution by industrial and transport emissions, using principal component analysis A decrease in the morphometric parameters of the Betula pendula leaf blade and leaf damage by phyllophagous insects do not always indicate a deterioration in the quality of the habitat. Moderate doses of atmospheric toxicants can accelerate the growth of B. pendula leaves. However, in conditions of urban pollution, the stability of B. pendula development is disrupted, which is manifested in an increase in the leaf asymmetry index. There are the most informative indicators of the state of the environment in individuals B. pendula: morphometric – an indicator of fluctuating asymmetry of leaves, phenological – the timing and duration of phenophases. The young generative trees of B. pendula are most sensitive to habitat pollution.
Radar complex for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Zhdanov Eduard , Shpak Alexander
Published: November 2023

The paper considers the problem of creating a radar complex designed to detect air, sea and ground objects as well as to determine their range, speed, geometric parameters, and promptly present the results of automated processing to the operator. The goal of the work is to create a side-scan airborne radar complex with a synthetic aperture installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The design of the airborne radar complex has been determined. The main characteristics of the developed complex are given. The main operating modes of the combined complex as part of an aircraft are considered and described: lateral sighting and sighting in the front hemisphere. The structural and functional diagram of the X-band side-view of airborne radar equipment, consisting of an antenna, a transceiver unit, a container with a digital core and a micronavigation system, is described. In high-resolution mode, the radio hologram generated on board is sent via a communication channel to the control and processing station. Radar image formation and secondary processing are performed at a ground station in automatic mode.
COVID-19 and Spontaneous Resolution of Lumbar Disk Prolapse: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Awaiting Microdiscectomy
Authors: Hutton Dana , Mohamed Belal , Mehmood Khalid , Magro James , Shekhar Himanshu , Solth Anna , Pulhorn Heinke , Bennett David , Okasha Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Background Between individual patients with lumbar disk prolapse (LDP), the natural course of disease is significantly variable. Spontaneous resolution is reported to occur in up to 70% of cases. However, we currently cannot predict for whom and when this will occur. Neurosurgical intervention is indicated for LDP patients with nontolerable pain after at least 8 to 12 weeks of conservative management, or significant neurologic deficit. Channeling essential resources in the National Health Service (NHS) to fight the COVID-19 pandemic led to the postponement of most elective operations, including microdiskectomy. This left many LDP patients previously considered to be surgical candidates with conservative-only options in the interim. To our knowledge, we are the first center to report the specific impact of the peri- and postpandemic period on waiting list times, delayed elective microdiskectomy, and the incidence of spontaneous LDP resolution.

Methods Retrospective case series of a prospectively collected electronic departmental database identified LDP patients who would have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic at some point in their care pathway (March 2020–February 2022). Further information was obtained from electronic patient records.

Results In total, 139 LDP patients were listed for elective microdiskectomy at the time of postponement of elective surgery. Over a third of LDP patients (n = 47, 33.8%), in shared decision with the responsible neurosurgeon, had their rescheduled microdiskectomy canceled due to clinical improvement (14.1%), radiologic regression (6.5%), or both (12.2%).

Conclusion Our single-center retrospective analysis revealed that for over a third of LDP patients, the prolonged postpandemic waiting list times for elective microdiskectomy resulted in their surgery not taking place either due to spontaneous clinical improvement or proven radiologic regression. Considering this, a prolonged conservative approach to LDP may be appropriate in some patients, allowing time for natural resolution, while avoiding perioperative risks.
Neonatal Sacrococcygeal Fetiform Teratoma Containing Bowel: A Case Report
Authors: Toms Ashley , Govender Tarlia Rasa , Brisighelli Giulia , Harrison Derek
Published: November 2023

A fetiform sacrococcygeal teratoma (homunculus) is a highly differentiated subgroup of mature cystic teratoma that resembles a malformed fetus. These tumors originate at the base of the coccyx and may vary in their intrapelvic and extrapelvic extent and location. It is important to differentiate this anomaly from fetus-in-fetu which has a higher degree of structural organization. A 5-day-old neonate presented with a type II sacrococcygeal fetiform teratoma. The mass contained both cystic and solid components. Upon surgical excision and coccygectomy, fully formed bowel was found inside the mass, as well as bones and other well-defined structures. The tumor was confirmed to be fully excised and no malignant or immature features were found on histopathological examination. The patient was last seen growing well with an alpha-fetoprotein of 3.5 μg/L, 14 months after resection.
Foreword
Authors: Dryden Gordon McL. , Smith-Flueck Jo Anne M.
Published: November 2023

The Xth International Deer Biology Congress was held in Croatia in September, 2022. Topics covered included reviews of the present knowledge of the conservation, management, genetics, nutrition and health of deer and the use of antler products in the treatment of disease.
Carry on Caesar
Authors: Ranzato Irene
Published: November 2023

The variations on broadly fixed formulas used to represent such characters as the one portraying the Roman emperor, Julius Caesar, are all the more conspicuous for their, sometimes, almost imperceptible nuances. This article will illustrate some meaningful examples of filmic Caesars, focusing on the linguistic representation of this character, often handled as a stock character. The larger definition of stock characters, which includes but is not limited to stereotypes, encompasses a set of both visual and linguistic formulaic features which depend on identity constructions or social positions, to put it in Quantz’s terms (2015). The character Julius Caesar is often made to follow what film historians have called a general ‘linguistic paradigm’, by which British actors with posh accents, in post-war Hollywood epics of the 1950s, are frequently cast as wicked Roman tyrants or simply as members of the establishment opposed by the ‘hero’ of the tale. Departures from a schema can be however just as revealing in order to pinpoint recurrent themes, and they will be explored by focusing on the comic rendition of Caesar as interpreted by Kenneth Williams in the 1964 British comedy Carry on Cleo, and on the analysis of its outrageously racist and sexist Italian translation.
Accessibility and reception studies at the Macerata Opera Festival
Authors: Raffi Francesca
Published: November 2023

This essay discusses an audience reception study carried out within the framework of media accessibility to
evaluate the experience of blind/partially sighted patrons and their (sighted) accompanying persons in the context of the Macerata
Opera Festival (MOF). Adopting a qualitative analytical approach, feedback was collected from individuals in the sample who
completed post-hoc self-report questionnaires, and three interdependent variables were measured: (a) comprehension and recall, (b) cognitive load, and (c) psychological immersion. This qualitative analysis was combined with a descriptive methodology, using
attitudinal data to evaluate the lived experience of individuals, notably their appreciation and preferences. Results revealed
that there was no substantial divergence in the values of the variables recorded for the two groups in the sample: blind/partially
sighted and sighted (accompanying) patrons. Additionally, audio descriptions and tactile tours increased psychological immersion,
without provoking cognitive overload. Furthermore, high levels of appreciation and preferences were related to comprehension and
recall, cognitive load, and psychological immersion. This confirms the effectiveness of audio descriptions and tactile tours in
enhancing the engagement and empowerment of blind/partially sighted members of the audience.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells (DFATs) vs Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) in Enhancing the Viability of Fat Grafts
Authors: Zhu Jinglin , Zhao Fangning , Chai Yimeng , Jia Xinyu , Li Facheng
Published: November 2023

Background

Enhancing graft fat survival remains a paramount challenge in autologous fat transplantation surgeries. Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent 2 pivotal cells with potential to improve fat graft survival rates.

Objectives

In this study we aimed to compare the effectiveness of DFATs and ASCs in promoting fat graft survival, emphasizing their adipogenic and angiogenic capabilities.

Methods

Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In vitro assessments compared adipogenesis, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, cell migration abilities, and surface markers. For in vivo evaluation, a cell-assisted lipotransfer animal model was employed to gauge graft volume retention and histological morphology. Analysis techniques included hematoxylin and eosin staining, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In vitro findings suggested a slight superiority of DFATs in adipogenesis and angiogenesis compared to ASCs. In vivo tests demonstrated both cell types surpassed the control in terms of graft volume retention, with the DFATs group marginally outperforming in retention rates and the ASC group presenting a slightly enhanced graft tissue structure.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the distinct advantages of DFATs and ASCs in bolstering fat graft survival, offering potentially novel insights for plastic surgeons aiming to elevate fat graft survival rates.
Phylogeographic analysis reveals early Pleistocene divergence and strong genetic structure inEuphorbia phosphorea(Euphorbiaceae), an endemic species to the semi-arid Caatinga Biome
Authors: Hurbath Fernanda , Leal Bárbara S S , Cordeiro Inês , Chaves Cleber J N , Palma-Silva Clarisse
Published: November 2023

The largest continuous patch of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) is the Caatinga Biome in north-eastern Brazil, which has the greatest biodiversity and highest degree of endemism compared to any other SDTF patch of South America. Our aim was to conduct a phylogeographic study with Euphorbia phosphorea to understand the evolutionary history of this species endemic to the Caatinga Biome. We studied genetic diversity and structure, demographic dynamics, as well as intraspecific phylogenetic relationships, based on plastidial and nuclear DNA. In addition, we conducted species distribution modelling (SDM) to infer connectivity since the Last Interglacial. Our results recovered a stronger genetic structure for plastidial than for nuclear genome, which probably result from distinct species capability to seed and pollen dispersal, and low levels of genetic diversity within populations. Although SDM results suggest higher connectivity during Last Maximum Glacial, demographic analyses detected no signs of demographic expansion in this period. In agreement with previous studies with rock specialists, our data reveal remarkable among-population differentiation and low within-population genetic diversity, which make populations more prone to drift effects. Furthermore, our results shed light on the importance of early Pleistocene events in the diversification of lineages within the Caatinga Biome, although further comparative work is required.
Improving implant training for physicians and their teams in under-represented regions
Authors: Jeilan Mohamed , Varwani Mohamed Hasham , Raqib Abdul , Ozcan Emin Evren
Published: November 2023

The burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) absorbing most of the burden while lacking the necessary healthcare infrastructure to combat the increase. In particular, the disparity in pacemaker implants between high-income countries and LMICs is glaring, partially spurned by reduced numbers of physicians and supporting staff who are trained in pacemaker implant technique. Herein, we will discuss current pacemaker implant training models, outline training frameworks that can be applied to underserved regions, and review adjunctive training techniques that can help supplement traditional training models in LMICs.
Artificial intelligence electrocardiogram as a novel screening tool to detect a newly abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction after anthracycline-based cancer therapy
Authors: Jacobs Johanna E J , Greason Grace , Mangold Kathryn E , Wildiers Hans , Willems Rik , Janssens Stefan , Noseworthy Peter , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Voigt Jens-Uwe , Friedman Paul , Van Aelst Lucas , Vandenberk Bert , Attia Zachi Itzhak , Herrmann Joerg
Published: November 2023

Aims

Cardiotoxicity is a serious side effect of anthracycline treatment, most commonly manifesting as a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Early recognition and treatment have been advocated, but robust, convenient, and cost-effective alternatives to cardiac imaging are missing. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to electrocardiograms (ECGs) may fill this gap, but no study so far has demonstrated its merit for the detection of an abnormal EF after anthracycline therapy.

Methods and results

Single centre consecutive cohort study of all breast cancer patients with ECG and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) evaluation before and after (neo)adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy. Patients with HER2-directed therapy, metastatic disease, second primary malignancy, or pre-existing cardiovascular disease were excluded from the analyses as were patients with EF decline for reasons other than anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Primary readout was the diagnostic performance of AI-ECG by area under the curve (AUC) for EFs < 50%. Of 989 consecutive female breast cancer patients, 22 developed a decline in EF attributed to anthracycline therapy over a follow-up time of 9.8 ± 4.2 years. After exclusion of patients who did not have ECGs within 90 days of a TTE, 20 cases and 683 controls remained. The AI-ECG model detected an EF < 50% and ≤ 35% after anthracycline therapy with an AUC of 0.93 and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusion

These data support the use of AI-ECG for cardiotoxicity screening after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This technology could serve as a gatekeeper to more costly cardiac imaging and could enable patients to monitor themselves over long periods of time.
When structural reforms of labor markets harm productivity. Evidence from the German IAB panel
Authors: Hoxha Sergei , Kleinknecht Alfred
Published: November 2023

We find firm-level evidence that removing labor market rigidities can harm productivity growth. This holds, in particular, in industries with a high ‘cumulativeness’ of knowledge, i.e., when accumulation of worker-embodied (and often ‘tacit’) knowledge from experience is important for innovative competencies. We conclude that there is a trade-off between the efficient allocation of scarce resources in a static neoclassical perspective and dynamic Schumpeterian efficiency, the latter requiring rigidities in labor markets that are valuable for innovation.
Estimating the abundance of benthic invertebrates from trap-catch data
Authors: Hiddink Jan Geert , Coleman Matthew T , Brouwer Stephen , Bloor Isobel S M , Jenkins Stuart R
Published: November 2023

Trap fisheries targeting invertebrates are economically important but many of the target species lack stock assessments. One reason for this is the difficulty of estimating density. One important means by which density can be estimated uses the catch rates of baited traps that are spaced at different distances. With declining spacing, the sphere of attraction will increasingly overlap, leading to reductions in catches, allowing for the estimation of the density that is catchable by traps on the seabed. Here we review the analytical methods adopted across a range of studies and find that no consensus on robust methods exists. We propose an analytical method that assumes the trapping area is circular and that the chance of catching an individual declines linearly with distance from the trap. We apply this method to estimate the density and the trapping radius of crabs and gastropods from real and simulated datasets. The method estimated a trapping radius of between 4 and 86 m, and densities that are up to 2.5 times less and 13 times greater than estimates provided in the original sources, illustrating the sensitivity to methodology. In conclusion, we provide and test a standardized method to estimate the density of benthic invertebrates.
Gauss–Manin Connection in Disguise: Quasi Jacobi Forms of Index Zero
Authors: Cao Jin , Movasati Hossein , Villaflor Loyola Roberto
Published: November 2023

We consider the moduli space of abelian varieties with two marked points and a frame of the relative de Rham cohomology with boundary at these points compatible with its mixed Hodge structure. Such a moduli space gives a natural algebro-geometric framework for higher genus quasi-Jacobi forms of index zero and their differential equations, which are given as vector fields. In the case of elliptic curves, we compute explicitly the Gauss–Manin connection and such vector fields.
113 Maternal Stress Influences Dam and Progeny Cortisol, Immune, and Behavior
Authors: Main Alexis R
Published: November 2023

Maternal stress exposes fetuses to increased cortisol concentrations, resulting in lifelong and multi-generational effects on physiology and behavior, especially if stress occurs during sensitive periods of development. This study aimed to validate the prenatal stress model and characterize the immune phenotype of the dam and the stress responsiveness and behavioral phenotype of her progeny. Gilts were randomly assigned to receive either hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) at mid (MID) or late (LATE) gestation for 21 days or placebo (CON). Blood or saliva samples were taken from gilts during the 21 day- treatment period. Blood samples were taken, and behavior was registered in response to weaning from the progeny. Body weights were also recorded. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED with repeated measures (SAS 9.4). Significant treatment*day interactions occurred for salivary and plasma cortisol. The MID had the greatest salivary cortisol at 3- and 21-days post-HCA treatment and the least plasma cortisol at 7- and 21-days post-HCA compared with LATE and CON. Also, at 21 days post-HCA, there was a significant treatment effect where LATE gilts had decreased percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.012), increased percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.012), and decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.0007) compared with their respective controls. Plasma IgG patterns were differentially affected by HCA treatment. At 7 days post-HCA, IgG decreased among MID gilts but increased at d 21, whereas IgG increased at d 7 and then decreased at d 21 among LATE treated gilts. Colostrum IgA was greater in the CON gilts than in MID or LATE-treated gilts (P = 0.032). Among the pigs born to these gilts, plasma cortisol was similar before weaning, but 24-h post-weaning pigs from CON had greater cortisol than those from MID or LATE (P < 0.05), and leukocyte distribution in response to weaning was also affected by maternal treatment (P < 0.01). Finally, behavioral responses, including social interactions, were affected by maternal treatment (P < 0.001). Taken together, these findings imply that HCA treatment differentially affects the immune function and HPA responsiveness of the dam dependent on when stress is experienced within gestation.
150 Repeatability of Rangeland Behavioral and Social Traits Derived from Gps Collars
Authors: Bergeron John H , Huber Scott , Shane Tracy , Karl Jason , Hess Melanie , Washington-Allen Robert , Cox Mike , Hess Andrew
Published: November 2023

The ability of an individual to cope with stressors in their environment is going to be paramount in the face of climate change. Rangeland livestock experience harsh conditions including heat and/or cold stress, water and feed restrictions and risk of predation. In extensive management systems, the ability to capture the capacity to cope with stressors of an individual in its environment is encumbered by remote locations with difficult terrain and no access to power or the internet. GPS collars can provide insights into individual land-use behavior, e.g., their impact on the environment or ability to cope with stressors, and social interactions, e.g., mothering ability. GPS collars (n = 112) developed at the University of Idaho were deployed on 57 ewes and 55 lambs (45 ewe-lamb pairs) in an extensive rangeland environment at the Great Basin Research and Extension Center in Eureka, NV. The collars recorded location data every 10 minutes from July 27th to August 18, 2022. Coordinate fixes were successfully recorded 67.11 ± 27.12% of the time and resulted in a kept record occurring every 60 ± 202 minutes. Of the ewe-lamb pair devices, 43 pairs contributed 801 ± 703 paired records (i.e., records that occurred within 5 minutes of each other). GPS coordinate locations, and their respective capture times, allow for the analysis of distance traveled, water usage, dispersion, and ewe-lamb distance. Distance traveled was analyzed on a daily basis with a weighted median distance imputed for all travel times that lasted more than 900 seconds. Dispersion was defined as the distance of an individual from the centroid of the flock in meters, and was transformed to a Z-score based on the position of individuals with GPS coordinates captured within 10 minutes of the measurement of the individual. Ewe-lamb pair distances were cube root transformed. Twin status, dam line, age, and day were fitted as fixed classes to estimate the repeatability of records for mature ewes. Repeatability estimates of daily distance traveled, daily water usage, and daily dispersion were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively. Daily ewe-lamb distances had a repeatability estimate of 0.45 ± 0.08. Day of recording was significant for daily distance traveled (P-value = 2.72×10-4) and water usage (P-value = 1.06×10-3). No other effects were significant in any of the models. In conclusion, PLF tools are an enabling technology that allow for passive data capture in remote locations. Our findings suggest that GPS collars can elucidate a variety of land use and social behavior traits that could serve as meaningful criteria for selection in extensive livestock production settings. Selection on these indicators of resilience may increase livestock productivity and welfare by increasing heat stress tolerance via the analysis of novel behavioral traits seen on extensive rangelands.