bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different conspiracy theories have different psychological and social determinants: Comparison of three theories about the origins of the COVID-19 virus in a representative sample of the UK population
Authors: Hartman Todd K. , Marshall Michael , Stocks Thomas Victor Arthur , McKay Ryan , Bennett Kate Mary , Butter Sarah , Gibson Miller Jilly , Hyland Philip , Levita Liat , Martinez Anton P , Mason Liam , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard
Published: December 2020

Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 have proliferated during the global pandemic, and their rapid spread among certain groups inthe population has important implications for policy attitudes (e.g., motivation to engage in social distancing and willingness to vaccinate). Using survey data from two waves of a nationally representative, longitudinal study of life in lockdown in the UK (N = 1,406), we analyze the factors associated with belief in three theories related to COVID-19, namely that it 1) originated in a meat market in Wuhan, China, 2) was developed in a lab in Wuhan, China, and 3) is caused by 5G mobile networks. Using a dual-factor model, we test how cognitive ability and motivations affect susceptibility to misinformation. Our findings suggest that motivational and political dispositions, as well as the sources from which people derive COVID-19 related information, are strongly associated with belief in conspiracy theories about the virus, though these predictors vary among conspiracies. Belief in the Chinese lab conspiracy is associated with right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO) and a preference for tabloid newspapers, while belief in the 5G network origin story is associated with social dominance orientation and a tendency to derive information on COVID-19 from social media. Moreover, we find that motivational factors like RWA and SDO have larger effect sizes than COVID-19 related anxiety, a desire for certainty, cognitive reasoning ability, or even general conspiracy ideation (in the case of 5G belief). These findings suggest that efforts to mitigate the potential damage caused by conspiracy theories, for example, by increasing education and awareness, may be inadequate because they miss a larger story, namely the role that politically motivated reasoning plays in making individuals susceptible to misinformation, and the propagation of conspiracies through networks and channels that reinforce these inaccurate worldviews.
Dominance is necessary to explain human status hierarchies - Extended online version and supplemental
Authors: Cheng Joey , Tracy Jessica , Henrich Joseph
Published: December 2020

Durkee et al. (2020) conducted a cross-cultural investigation of people’s beliefs about how traits, behaviors, and practices that enhance an individual’s perceived ability to generate benefits (prestige) or inflict costs (dominance) promote perceived social status in humans. In this online extended version of our letter, we (a) identify multicollinearity in the authors’ statistical analyses and explain how this statistical problem renders their results inconclusive as to how benefit-delivery and cost-infliction contribute to status allocation; (b) outline flaws in the authors’ operationalization and measures of social status, and discuss how they bias results toward benefit-delivery and underestimate any effect of cost-infliction; and (c) discuss a broader problem with the critical assumption underlying Durkee et al.’s approach: people’s subjective beliefs about what determines status do not serve as sufficient evidence for determining how status asymmetries are actually established in real life. Together, these three major issues severely undermine the authors’ conclusion that there is little evidence for dominance. In closing, we briefly survey the broader empirical record on actual status relations among real people (rather than people’s beliefs about what leads to status), conducted both in the lab and in naturalistic settings; these studies consistently yield opposite conclusions to Durkee et al. and demonstrate that both prestige and dominance govern human status hierarchies.
“Measure of Shame”: Media Career of the Global Slavery Index
Authors: Brankovic Jelena
Published: December 2020

Rankings are widely regarded as particularly well-suited for capturing the public eye, which is considered a reason why they have become ubiquitous. However, we know little about how rankings direct media attention, as well as how media in turn shape and help sustain careers of specific rankings in the public over longer periods of time. To advance our understanding of the discursive dynamics at the intersection of rankings and the press, this study examines the media career of the Global Slavery Index (GSI) by analyzing 361 newspaper and magazine articles, published between the release of index’s inaugural edition in 2013 and until the end of 2019. To interpret the media coverage, the study draws attention to GSI’s universality, highly rationalized character, and a pledge to spotlight violation of the global moral order. The examination of the media coverage points to the following properties of the index as having shaped and helped sustain its career in the public: (1) repeated publication; (2) broad definition of modern slavery; and (3) the construction thereof as a measurable global burden. The study finds that, throughout the period, the media were remarkably consistent in amplifying the most dramatic elements of the index. Over time, however, the index was increasingly more invoked for other purposes, usually either to lend credibility to a story or as a way of embedding local and situational concerns into global narratives.
Targeting a sustainable recovery with Green TLTROs
Authors: Klooster Jens van't , van Tilburg Rens
Published: December 2020

Since their introduction in 2014, the European Central Bank’s Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (TLTROs) have become ever larger and ever more attractive for banks. As they increasingly drive bank lending, TLTROs often enable unsustainable investments. This report proposes Green TLTROs, which are refinancing operations that provide banks with cheap funding if they lend in accordance with the EU’s taxonomy of green activities. We discuss the legality of such a market-based programme and show that it is compatible with a level playing field between banks and the singleness of monetary policy. We outline several possible technical designs of the Green TLTROs and suggest a pilot programme for energy efficient housing that can quickly be implemented.
Study of Seismic Response Demands of Different L-shaped Buildings
Authors: Khanal Bharat , Chaulagain Hemchandra
Published: December 2020

The present study evaluates the effect of plan configuration irregularity of different L shaped models. For this, one regular and six different L-shaped RC building frames were modeled for numerical analysis. The analysis was done through an equivalent static lateral force method and response spectrum analysis (dynamic analysis). The seismic response demands were measured in terms of story displacement, inter-story drift ratio, torsional irregularity ratio, and torsional diaphragm rotation. In addition, fundamental time period of structure, vibration mode shapes and modal participating mass ratios were also studied. The study shows that the fundamental time period of structure based on standard code shows a lower value as compared to a finite element approach. It is concluded that to account for the irregularities present within the buildings, current code provisions are insufficient and should be amended.
Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of Existing Masonry Infilled RC-Buildings in Pokhara
Authors: Pandit Tekkan , Chaulagain Hemchandra
Published: December 2020

Most of the structural designer do not consider masonry infill walls during design process due to a lack of modeling guidelines in design standards and are treated as non-structural elements. In fact, the interaction effect between bounding frames and infill masonry is a complicated issue in nonlinearity of structures. The current seismic codes indirectly incorporate the nonlinear response of structure through linear elastic approach by considering the response reduction factor ‘R’ without comprising infill. In this context, this study evaluates the response reduction factor of existing engineered designed RC frame structures that are designed based on Indian standard codes. For this, three existing RC buildings were selected and performed non-linear pushover analysis. The structural response was examined in terms of natural period, base shear, strength, stiffness, ductility and response reduction factor. The results specify that the buildings with infill walls significantly influence on ‘R’ value of structures. Additionally, study shows that the variation of ‘R’ value mainly depends on the percentage of infill inclusion.
Orientasi Etika dan Cyber Security Awareness (Studi Kasus pada UMKM di Bantul)
Authors: Umam M. Sulkhanul
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan internet pada kehidupan sehari-hari selain memberikan berbagai keuntungan juga memberikan tantangan bagi penggunanya. Pengguna internet (netter) dapat menjadi korban bahkan pelaku dari cyber crime. Begitu juga bagi UMKM yang menggunakan internet pada aktivitas bisnis mereka. Untuk dapat terhindar dari kasus cyber crime, diperlukan kesadaran keamanan siber (cyber security awareness) dari setiap pengguna internet. Dalam meningkatkan kesadaran keamanan diperlukan pengetahuan menggunakan internet (internet knowledge). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh internet knowledge terhadap cyber security awareness dan menguji perbedaan kedua faktor tersebut berdasarkan orientasi etika pengguna internet. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pelaku UMKM pengguna internet di Kabupaten Bantul. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner didapat 59 responden yang dijadikan sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini berhasil menguji pengaruh internet knowledge terhadap cyber security awareness. Namun penelitian gagal menguji perbedaan kedua faktor tersebut berdasarkan orientasi etika.
Interakcja postępowania wyjaśniającego i postępowania dyscyplinarnego w sprawach dyscyplinarnych studentów (zagadnienia wybrane)
Authors: Zagrodnik Jarosław
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to presenting connections between interaction of investigation procedures and disciplinary proceedings as two stages of proceedings in student’s disciplinary cases. Considerations included in this article are subordinated to assumption, according to which the actual shape of the interaction mentioned above is determined by the way in which the issue of the scope of the interaction of investigation procedures is resolved as well as the impact of the actions taken in these proceedings on the examination of the case in disciplinary proceedings. The analysis of the first of the issues mentioned above gives ground for statement that regulation included in the Act on Higher Education and Science (according to which – returning the petition for punishment in order to complementing the investigation procedures) leads directly to increasing the burden of proof of the investigation procedures in terms of substantive examination of the student’s disciplinary case. The legal solution indicated above determines the wide scope of consolidation of evidences for the Disciplinary Board during the investigation procedures; in fact subject to disproportionate expansion and prepares a disciplinary case for resolution by this committee. This assessment is supported by regulating the impact of the evidence that was perpetuated in investigation procedures on the examination and adjudication of the case in disciplinary proceedings. It resulting in a wide-ranging possibility of using this evidence as a basis for a judgment on disciplinary liability.
Status prawny pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej studentów
Authors: Dudzik Barbara
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of the legal status of the victim in proceedings as to disciplinary responsibility of students. The rights of the victim in both the explanatory proceedings and the proceedings before disciplinary commission have been presented. Problems occurring in the practice of disciplinary bodies as well as ways of solving them have been indicated. Many de lege ferenda proposals have been also been formulated.
We Have Always Been Here: Indigenous Scholars in/and Eighteenth-Century Studies
Authors: Peiser Megan L.
Published: December 2020

Outlining my own experience as a modern American Indian in academia, in this essay I reveal the ways that my Choctaw heritage and identity have been outlawed, and discouraged by social expectations and racist stereotypes. Part manifesto, part personal narrative, I highlight needed changes in decolonizing scholarly research, publishing practices, and pedagogy, and I call on the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) to make changes that illustrate true commitment to diversity initiatives which centre Native American and Indigenous Peoples’ (NAIP) voices, experiences, and knowledge. My ancestry, connected to Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears, centres as a catalyst to my call for an overthrowing of academic complicity with settler colonialism.
Pre-operative testing and personal protective equipment in the operating room during a pandemic: A survey of Ontario general surgeons
Authors: Griffiths Christopher D , Mertz Dominik , Serrano Pablo E
Published: December 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had major implications for general surgery practice. We sought to characterize general surgeons’ perceptions of their surgical practice in Ontario, Canada, regarding operating room precautions to maximize safety during the pandemic. Methods: A web-administered cross-sectional survey was sent to general surgeons registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario on May 19, 2020. Surgeons were surveyed regarding their practices in pre-operative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, use of intra-operative personal protective equipment (PPE) given a patient’s COVID-19 status, and management of common general surgical emergencies with COVID-19 patients. Responses were compared between surgeons from high- and low-prevalence public health units (PHUs) in Ontario using chi-square tests. Results: There were 81 respondents (rate: 81/271, 30%), 48 (59%) of whom were from a PHU in the top quartile of COVID-19 prevalence. Surgeons from low-prevalence PHUs reported pre-procedural COVID-19 testing rates similar to those reported in high-prevalence PHUs for elective (36% versus 55%), urgent (36% versus 54%), and emergent (20% versus 33%) surgeries. Seventy-eight percent of surgeons with COVID-19–negative patients limited trainees in the operating room compared with 96% of surgeons with COVID-19–positive patients. Use of N95 respirators was 17% for surgeons with COVID-19–negative patients, which dramatically increased to 62% for surgeons with patients whose COVID-19 status was unknown. Conclusions: These findings support a need for improved understanding of local disease prevalence and risk of COVID-19 transmission to conserve PPE and return surgical trainees to pre-pandemic standards.
Instandhaltung hochwertiger Investitionsgüter
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Thiel Frederic
Published: December 2020

Die COVID-19-Krise erhöht den Druck auf die Betreiber sowie Serviceanbieter hochwertiger Investitionsgüter des Transportsektors. Die vorhandenen Strukturen zur Leistungserstellung sind nicht auf das gegenwärtig geringe Nachfrageniveau ausgelegt. Störeffekte in den Lieferketten verschärfen die Situation zusätzlich. In Summe entsteht ein existenzbedrohender Kostendruck für die Unternehmen, der in der Regel unmittelbaren Handlungsbedarf bedeutet. Aufgrund des Ausmaßes und der Dringlichkeit von Kostensenkungen reichen kontinuierliche Verbesserungsmaßnahmen nicht aus, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit abzusichern. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz ist die Restrukturierung des Leistungserstellungsprozesses mit alternativen Organisationstypen, auch bekannt als Fertigungsprinzipien. Ein geeignetes Entscheidungsmodell zur Auswahl der Organisationtypen in der Instandhaltung hochwertiger Investitionsgüter fehlt derzeit und ist Gegenstand der Forschung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Kernherausforderungen für das Entscheidungsmodell beschrieben und erste Erkenntnisse am Beispiel der Instandhaltung von Luft- und Schienenfahrzeugen vorgestellt.
Temperierte Innenhochdruck- Umformung von Titan Grade 2
Authors: Albert André , Heidrich Jürgen , Reuther Franz , Psyk Verena
Published: December 2020

Zur wirtschaftlichen temperierten Innenhochdruck-Umformung von Bauteilen aus Titan Grade 2 (3.7035) wird ein innovatives Verfahrenskonzept vorgestellt. Dieses hat das Ziel, die Umformbarkeit im Vergleich zur Raumtemperatur deutlich zu verbessern und gleichzeitig auf den Einsatz von Schutzgas verzichten zu können. Hierzu wurde der temperierte Hochgeschwindigkeitszugversuch so weiterentwickelt, dass eine Materialcharakterisierung bei prozessrelevanten Dehnraten möglich ist. Des Weiteren wird die Prozess- und Werkzeugauslegung zur Fertigung eines T-Stückes vorgestellt.
Referenzmodelle für die Intralogistik
Authors: Rixe Christoph , Augustin Harald
Published: December 2020

Die Produktindividualisierung, Digitalisierung und Automatisierung der Produktion erfordern eine ständige Anpassung der Produktionsund Intralogistikprozesse. Referenzmodelle unterstützen dabei Produktions- und Fabrikplaner mit Standards, Werkzeugen und vielem mehr. Eine Marktrecherche von Referenzmodellen zeigt erhebliche inhaltliche und methodische Unvollständigkeiten auf. Eine daraus abgeleitete Handlungsempfehlung für die Konstruktion eines Intralogistikreferenzmodells wird vorgestellt.
Rekonfigurierbare Verarbeitungsanlagen
Authors: Fink Johannes , Härdtlein Christian , Berg Julia
Published: December 2020

Stetig wechselnde markt- und produktseitige Anforderungen bedingen eine schnelle Anpassungsfähigkeit der Anlagentechnik hinsichtlich deren Funktionalität und Kapazität. Rekonfigurierbare Verarbeitungsanlagen bilden eine Lösungsvariante zur Begegnung dieser Anforderungen. Durch die Abhängigkeit der Anlagengestaltung vom jeweiligen Anwendungsfall steigt die Komplexität bei der Entwicklung. Die Schritte zur Erarbeitung einer erforderlichen Gestaltungsmethode werden beispielhaft vorgestellt.
Produktentwicklung: KI-ready?
Authors: Schweitzer Gregor M. , Bitzer Michael , Vielhaber Michael
Published: December 2020

Produkt- und Betriebsdaten können durch den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) genutzt werden, um die Produktentwicklung zu verbessern. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass Daten in der richtigen Qualität und in ausreichender Anzahl verfügbar sind. Um diese Voraussetzung (KI-Readiness) besser zu erfüllen, benötigt es häufig großer Anstrengungen im Unternehmen. Prozesse, Methoden und IT-Systeme müssen global harmonisiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Evolutionsschritte hin zur „KI-Readiness“ in der Produktentwicklung beschrieben.
Splenic Rupture After Minimal Invasive Lateral Retropleural Corpectomy
Authors: Cappuccio Michele , Cappuccio Michele , Tugnoli Gregorio , Fidilio Tiziano , De Iure Federico
Published: December 2020

Retropleural minimal invasive approach to the thoracolumbar junction has become more popular in the last
decade both for degenerative and traumatic spine surgery as it marries the advantages of direct vision typical
of open surgery and the philosophy of tissue sparing which characterizes the thoracoscopic approach.
Nevertheless, as with the just mentioned techniques, this approach also requires the caudal displacement of
the diaphragm with the organs below including the spleen. The authors report one case of postoperative
spleen disruption following a retropleural minimal invasive approach in a patient with an underlying grade
II spleen lesion occurred 8 days before and considered safe by the general surgeon. We conclude that even
negligible spleen injuries must be considered an absolute contraindication to thoracolumbar junction lateral
approach even with minimal invasive techniques.
Separating religion from cult
Authors: Wheeler Alisha
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the term "cult" and all of the connotations that are attached to it. This paper aims to separate the term cult from religious and spiritual assumptions while positing that the term is an umbrella term for various organizations, with cult-like traits, many of which operate in the corporate environment.
Development of technological line for obtaining flax trust
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Shelimanova O. , Tkachenko V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The intensification of one of the most energy-intensive processes - the process of drying the material - contributes both to the creation of energy-saving technologies for processing crop products, and to solving the problem of obtaining dried material of a given quality. The purpose of this study is to develop energy and resource-saving technology for industrial preparation of linen trusts. Previous studies have shown that extracting flax stalks with water before the lobe stage helps to reduce the time before the main phase of fermentation of pectin. The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the next impregnation increases with increasing temperature, especially sharply this increase occurs at temperatures above 60 0C. As a result of research, a thermobiological method of flax stem lobe was developed, which is the basis of a technological line combining the processes of flax straw lobe, washing, deodorization and drying of the obtained flax trust, followed by its hydrothermal treatment. The line operation mode is discrete-continuous. Processing of raw materials is carried out in the containers of a special design providing immersion of raw materials in liquid and its movement on technological operations. After loading, the container is placed in the tank of the first hydrothermal treatment, where it is in heated water at a temperature of 90 ... 95 0C. Next, the soaked raw material is reloaded into the tank of the second hydrothermal treatment to stop the microbiological process and high-quality washing of the material in heated water at a temperature of 50 ... 70 0C. Due to the intensification of the process 3 ... 5 times due to the creation of appropriate aerodynamic and thermal humidity modes, the three-tier conveyor unit is modernized into a single-belt one, in the last zones of which the linen trust is brought to conditioned humidity by steam-air treatment. Experimental-industrial inspection of the technological line showed that the total duration of the main process is reduced by 1.5 ... 2 times, the specific costs of heat, electricity, water are reduced (by 20 ... 30%) and the yield of long fiber is increased by 0.5 .. 1.0%) with the improvement of its quality indicators, the degree of mechanization of technological operations increases.
Numerical investigation of energy losses in the environment for mesophilic mode of fermentationent for mesophilic mode of fermentation
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Zablodskiy М. М. , Spodoba M. O. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of energy losses of a biogas reactor into the environment during the fermentation of biomass in the mesophilic temperature regime. The article considers the influence of the presence of the insulating layer of the biogas reactor and the ambient temperature on the amount of energy losses and the required energy to recover these losses depending on the volume of the biogas reactor. The developed mathematical model allows to estimate the intensity of energy losses to the environment taking into account the amount of contamination of the inner wall of the biogas reactor, ambient temperature, average wind speed for the reactor location, surface area of the biogas reactor and its volume, material from which the biogas reactor is made, insulating layer and its material, mode of movement and frequency of biomass mixing. The following assumptions have been made for numerical studies: biomass fermentation takes place in the mesophilic temperature regime , biogas reactors with a volume of 50 to 200 liters, at ambient temperatures from to . It has been established that the heat loss to the environment for different volumes of biogas reactors, regardless of the ambient temperature and the presence or absence of an insulating layer, is not linear. Numerical research has shown that the use of an insulating layer of mineral wool with a thickness of 100 mm, depending on the volume of the biogas reactor and ambient temperature, reduces the amount of energy required to maintain the thermal regime by 55-63 times. Taking into account the amount of losses at the stage of design and manufacture of biogas reactors will reduce energy costs to maintain the required temperature, thereby increasing the profitability of the biogas plant.
Ultraviolet radiation treatment of the drug «KENO CID 210»
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Romanenko О. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tkachuk Т. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Blyshchyk B. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The effectiveness of the process of photoactivation of aqueous solutions has been proven by studies conducted in the article. As a method of exposure, UV radiation is low-cost and natural, so there is a need to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation on aqueous disinfectant solutions and to determine effective methods of irradiation. Accordingly, there is a need to investigate the effect of UV radiation on disinfectants, in particular on their antimicrobial properties and to determine the effective effect of ultraviolet radiation on the tool. The high pressure mercury arc lamp DRT-400 lamp was used as a source of ultraviolet radiation. The surface of the aqueous solution was at a distance of 0.25 m under a source of UV radiation. The photoactivated liquid was applied to the agar medium immediately after inoculation of bacteria. The growth of colonies of microorganisms was recorded 24 hours after application of the treated disinfectant solution. At the Department of Electrical Engineering, Electromechanics and Electrical Technologies of NULES of Ukraine measurements of pH, redox potential of disinfectant solutions immediately after irradiation were carried out. Graphical dependences of changes of disinfecting properties are received. It is established that ultraviolet radiation significantly changes the pH and redox potential of aqueous solutions of disinfectants. The intensity of the parameter change is characteristic of ultraviolet radiation at an exposure of 5-15 minutes. Irradiation of сoncentrated disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium and glutaraldehyde «Keno Cid 210» solution for 5 minutes effectively inhibits the growth properties of microorganisms. The concentration of the irradiated aqueous disinfectant solution can be 5 times lower than the concentration of the non-irradiated.
Outcomes following surgical management of vagus nerve stimulator–related infection: a retrospective multi-institutional study
Authors: Hasegawa Hirotaka , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Marsh W. Richard , Wharen Robert E. , Zimmerman Richard S. , Burkholder David B. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Britton Jeffrey W. , Meyer Fredric B.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a rare but significant complication after vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) placement. Treatment options range from antibiotic therapy alone to hardware removal. The optimal therapeutic strategy remains open to debate. Therefore, the authors conducted this retrospective multicenter analysis to provide insight into the optimal management of VNS-related SSI (VNS-SSI).

METHODS

Under institutional review board approval and utilizing an institutional database with 641 patients who had undergone 808 VNS-related placement surgeries and 31 patients who had undergone VNS-related hardware removal surgeries, the authors retrospectively analyzed VNS-SSI.

RESULTS

Sixteen cases of VNS-SSI were identified; 12 of them had undergone the original VNS placement procedure at the authors’ institutions. Thus, the incidence of VNS-SSI was calculated as 1.5%. The mean (± standard deviation) time from the most recent VNS-related surgeries to infection was 42 (± 27) days. Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus was the usual causative bacteria (58%). Initial treatments included antibiotics with or without nonsurgical procedures (n = 6), nonremoval open surgeries for irrigation (n = 3), generator removal (n = 3), and total or near-total removal of hardware (n = 4). Although 2 patients were successfully treated with antibiotics alone or combined with generator removal, removal of both the generator and leads was eventually required in 14 patients. Mild swallowing difficulties and hoarseness occurred in 2 patients with eventual resolution.

CONCLUSIONS

Removal of the VNS including electrode leads combined with antibiotic administration is the definitive treatment but has a risk of causing dysphagia. If the surgeon finds dense scarring around the vagus nerve, the prudent approach is to snip the electrode close to the nerve as opposed to attempting to unwind the lead completely.
Temporal trends in surgical procedures for pediatric hydrocephalus: an analysis of the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network Core Data Project
Authors: Tamber Mandeep S. , Kestle John R. W. , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Alvey Jessica , Browd Samuel R. , Drake James M. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Limbrick David D. , McDonald Patrick J. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Simon Tamara D. , Naftel Robert , Shannon Chevis N. , Wellons John C. , Whitehead William E. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , _ _
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Analysis of temporal trends in patient populations and procedure types may provide important information regarding the evolution of hydrocephalus treatment. The purpose of this study was to use the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network’s Core Data Project to identify meaningful trends in patient characteristics and the surgical management of pediatric hydrocephalus over a 9-year period.

METHODS

The Core Data Project prospectively collected patient and procedural data on the study cohort from 9 centers between 2008 and 2016. Logistic and Poisson regression were used to test for significant temporal trends in patient characteristics and new and revision hydrocephalus procedures.

RESULTS

The authors analyzed 10,149 procedures in 5541 patients. New procedures for hydrocephalus (shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy [ETV]) decreased by 1.5%/year (95% CI −3.1%, +0.1%). During the study period, new shunt insertions decreased by 6.5%/year (95% CI −8.3%, −4.6%), whereas new ETV procedures increased by 12.5%/year (95% CI 9.3%, 15.7%). Revision procedures for hydrocephalus (shunt or ETV) decreased by 4.2%/year (95% CI −5.2%, −3.1%), driven largely by a decrease of 5.7%/year in shunt revisions (95% CI −6.8%, −4.6%). Concomitant with the observed increase in new ETV procedures was an increase in ETV revisions (13.4%/year, 95% CI 9.6%, 17.2%). Because revisions decreased at a faster rate than new procedures, the Revision Quotient (ratio of revisions to new procedures) for the Network decreased significantly over the study period (p = 0.0363). No temporal change was observed in the age or etiology characteristics of the cohort, although the proportion of patients with one or more complex chronic conditions significantly increased over time (p = 0.0007).

CONCLUSIONS

Over a relatively short period, important changes in hydrocephalus care have been observed. A significant temporal decrease in revision procedures amid the backdrop of a more modest change in new procedures appears to be the most notable finding and may be indicative of an improvement in the quality of surgical care for pediatric hydrocephalus. Further studies will be directed at elucidation of the possible drivers of the observed trends.
Placement of leads for stereotactic electroencephalography without the use of anchor bolts: technical note
Authors: Karsonovich Torin , Alexander Allyson , Graber Sarah , O’Neill Brent R.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is an increasingly common technique that neurosurgeons use to help identify the epileptogenic zone. The anchor bolt, which typically secures the electrode to the skull, can be problematic in very thin bone or in electrodes placed in the occiput.

METHODS

A technique is described to place electrodes without the use of an anchor bolt. Accuracy data for entry point, target point, and depth were collected and compared between electrodes placed with and those placed without an anchor bolt.

RESULTS

A total of 58 patients underwent placement of 793 electrodes, of which 25 were boltless. The mean entry and depth errors at target were equivalent, although there was a trend toward greater depth error with boltless electrodes (3.4 mm vs 2.01 mm and 2.59 mm in the bolted groups, respectively). The mean lateral target error was slightly but significantly smaller for boltless electrodes. The majority (60%) of boltless leads were placed into thin temporal squamous bone. The average skull thickness at the entry point for all boltless leads was 1.85 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

Boltless SEEG electrodes can be placed through thin bone, adjacent to a cranial defect, or in the occiput with equivalent accuracy to electrodes placed with anchor bolts.
Long-term quality of life and work status after high-dose spinal cord stimulation in patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a secondary analysis of real-world data
Authors: Goudman Lisa , De Smedt Ann , Putman Koen , Moens Maarten , _ _
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

In recent years, the use of high-dose spinal cord stimulation (HD-SCS) as a treatment option for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) has drastically increased. However, to the authors’ knowledge a thorough evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and work status in these patients has not yet been performed. Moreover, it is unclear whether patients who are treated with HD-SCS can regain the same levels of HRQOL as the general population. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare the HRQOL of patients who receive HD-SCS to HRQOL values in an age- and sex-adjusted population without FBSS and to evaluate work status in patients who are receiving HD-SCS.

METHODS

HRQOL, measured with the 3-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L), and work status were evaluated in 185 FBSS patients at baseline (i.e., before SCS) and at 1, 3, and 12 months of treatment with HD-SCS. Difference scores in utility values between patients and an age- and sex-adjusted normal population were calculated. One-sample Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the EQ-5D-3L difference scores. Mixed models were used to evaluate the evolution over time in EQ-5D-3L utility scores and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) scores in patients and matched controls. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were calculated using the area under the curve method.

RESULTS

An overall significant increase in EQ-5D-3L utility scores and EQ-5D VAS scores was found over time in the patient group. Wilcoxon tests indicated that the difference scores in utility values between patients and the normal population were significantly different from zero at all time points. The median incremental QALY after 12 months of HD-SCS was 0.228 (Q1–Q3: 0.005–0.487) in comparison to continued conservative treatment. At 12 months, 13.75% of patients resumed work.

CONCLUSIONS

HD-SCS may lead to significantly increased HRQOL at 12 months in patients with FBSS. Despite the increase, reaching the HRQOL level of matched controls was not achieved. Only a limited number of patients were able to return to work. This finding indicates that specialized programs to enhance return to work may be beneficial for patients undergoing SCS.
Javna vatrogasna postrojba Pazin – sređivanje pismohrane i izrada potrebne dokumentacije
Authors: Runko Babić Andrea
Published: December 2020

Javnu
su vatrogasnu postrojbu Pazin Sporazumom o osnivanju javne vatrogasne postrojbe
Pazin (Službene novine Grada Pazina,
br. 1/00. i 16/02.) osnovali 1. ožujka 2000. Grad Pazin i Općine: Cerovlje,
Lupoglav, Motovun, Tinjan, Karojba i Sv. Petar u Šum, kao javnu ustanovu,
temeljem Zakona o vatrogastvu (NN,
106/99.) i Zakona o ustanovama (NN,
76/93. i 29/97.), kao sljednicu dviju vatrogasnih postrojbi, Vatrogasnoga voda
Pazin i Vatrogasne postrojbe Pazin. S obzirom da su sve one djelovale od 1970.
godine, Javna je vatrogasna postrojba Pazin, Ugovorom od 10. travnja 2018. s
Državnim arhivom u Pazinu, krenula u sređivanje svoje pismohrane. Stručnom
je obradom gradiva ustanovljeno da su stvaratelji od 1970. do 2017. godine
ostavili 21,10 d/m gradiva, od kojeg trajnoga ima 4,71 d/m (tehnički je
opremljeno u arhivske kutije), gradiva pak s rokovima čuvanja ima 8,037 d/m (ostavljeno
je u registratorima), a 8,353 d/m gradiva predloženo je za izlučivanje. Nakon što je Javna vatrogasna
postrojba Pazin podnijela »Prijedlog za izlučivanje gradiva« s Popisom gradiva
predloženim za izlučivanje, Državni arhiv u Pazinu donio je rješenje kojim joj se
odobrava izlučivanje i uništavanje dokumentarnoga gradiva što je ona na
propisan način i učinila. Postupak izlučivanja gradiva omogućuje uništavanje
nepotrebnih spisa, što rasterećuje pismohrane od gomilanja gradiva i najvećega
problema s kojim se susreću sve pismohrane – nedostatka spremišnoga prostora.
The Online Alternative
Authors: Trappes Rose , Teymoori Ali , Perkins T. J. , Pâslaru Viorel , Cohnitz Daniel
Published: December 2020

The recent global pandemic has led to a shift to online conferences in philosophy. In this paper we argue that online conferences, more than a temporary replacement, should be considered a sustainable alternative to in-person conferences well into the future. We present three arguments for more online conferences, including their reduced impact on the environment, their enhanced accessibility for groups that are minorities in philosophy, and their lower financial burdens, especially important given likely future reductions in university budgets. We also present results from two surveys of participants who attended one large and three small online philosophy conferences this year. We show that participants were in general very satisfied with presentations and discussions at the conferences, and that they reported greater accessibility. This indicates that online conferences can serve as a good alternative to in-person conferences. We also find that networking was less satisfactory in online conferences, indicating a point for improvement and further research. In general, we conclude that philosophers should continue to organize online conferences after the pandemic. We also provide some advice for those wishing to organize online conferences.
PROSES PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU DENGAN MODELPROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) KELAS IV SD 02PASAGADANG KEC. PADANG SELATAN
Authors: Norana
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan Peningkatan Proses Pembelajaran TematikTerintegrasi dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) di Kelas IV SD 02 PasaGadang Kec.Padang Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakankelas, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswakelas IV SD 02 Pasa Gadang Kec. Padang Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanyapeningkatan proses pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi pada siklus I dan siklus II. Persentaserata-rata kemampuan guru merancang RPP dari 75% menjadi 95,8%. Persentase rata-ratapelaksanaan guru dari 77,5% menjadi 92,5%. Persentase rata-rata pelaksanaan siswadari77,5% menjadi 92,5%.
ANALISIS LAPORAN ARUS KAS PADA DINAS KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMATIKA KABUPATEN SOLOK TAHUN ANGGARAN 2019
Authors: Melli Herfina  , Hengky Saputra
Published: December 2020

Laporan arus kas adalah salah satu laporan keuangan yang digunakan oleh keluarga, perusahaan dan pemerintah, baik pemerintah daerah maupun pemerintah pusat, dimana laporan ini sangat berguna bagi pengguna laporan keuangan untuk memperolah gambaran tentang mutasi kas akibat dari aktivitas yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui apakah laporan arus kas pada Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Solok sudah berjalan dengan efektif dan untuk mengetahui kinerja Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Solok berdasarkan laporan arus kas. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dimana, metode deskriptif adalah teknik yang menggolongkan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data yang diperoleh sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran yang jelas mengenai keadaan yang diteliti. Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Solok sudah menyajikan laporan arus kas dengan baik dan efektif sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah dimana penyajian laporan tersebut sudah mencantumkan Laporan Realisasi Anggaran (LRA), Neraca, Laporan Arus Kas dan Catatan Atas Laporan Keuangan. Dari Catatan Atas Laporan Keuangan Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika  Tahun 2019, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja Dinas Kominfo sudah berjalan dengan baik dengan pencapaian Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Dinas Kominfo mencapai angka yang lebih dari 100% dan secara umum sasaran-sasaran strategis yang ditetapkan dalam Rencana Kerja Tahunan  Tahun 2019 telah dapat dipenuhi, meskipun rencana tersebut belum sepenuhnya tercapai 100%.
A Competência Do Reparo Em Resina Composta
Authors:   Faculdade Patos de Minas, MAGALHÃES Gabriel , GÓES Roberto , NASCIMENTO Fernando
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Habitualmente a conduta tradicional ideal para tratar restaurações compostas insatisfatórias seria a substituição, entretanto, reparo em resina coparticipa da concepção odontológica de “intervenção mínima”. Objetivo: Aprofundar no assunto e avaliar desempenho do reparo (com resina composta) no manuseio em restaurações dentárias de resina composta defeituosa. Metodologia: Foi realizado uma busca em artigos na base de dados PubMed no período 2010 a 2019, com as palavras-chaves “composite resin”,“resin repair” e “microleakage dental”. Discussão: O reparo de restaurações parcialmente defeituosas foi extensivamente estudado e está crescendo na rotina clínica como uma abordagem alternativa. Destaca-se por limitar os riscos de lesões pulpares e preservar as estruturas dentais, minimiza apreensão dos pacientes quanto a dor, ansiedade, tempo e custo. Empecilho para um analise mais fluente são as inúmeras variações nas condições de estudo, por exemplo, diferentes condições de envelhecimento ou tratamentos de superfície adesiva. Materiais, marcas, condicionamento e outros vários fatores influenciam no resultado do reparo, contudo, estudos com resultados em acompanhamento sugerem que o reparo apresenta tanta eficácia quanto a substituição total de restaurações de resina com infiltrações. Conclusão: A proporção desse estudo pode levar a influenciar no financiamento dos dentistas na escolha entre a substituição e o reparo das restaurações.
Vedenjske naloge teorije uma: priročnik in naloge
Authors: Hutchins Tiffany L. , A. Prelock Patricia , Knez Nika , Vidmar Maša
Published: December 2020

Slovenska različica Vedenjskih nalog teorije uma je prevedena in prirejena iz angleške različice – The Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB), katere avtorici sta Hutchins in Prelock (2010, 2014) in se lahko uporablja vzporedno z Vprašalnikom teorije uma (The Theory of Mind Inventory-2), ki je prav tako preveden in prirejen na slovensko populacijo.
Application Research of TMD on Low Frequency Vibration Control of Track Box Girder Structure
Authors: Lei Xiaoyan , Zhang Xinya , Luo Kun
Published: December 2020

Vibration and noise problems of elevated track bridge structures are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to effectively control the low-frequency vibration response of the track box girder structure. Firstly, the controlled mode is confirmed through modal analysis of the box girder. The optimal stiffness, damping and attaching position of the tuned mass dampers are obtained based on the fixed-point theory and the identification method of equivalent quality for multi-degree-of-freedom system. Then, based on the vehicle-track-bridge coupling dynamic model, the control effectiveness of tuned mass dampers to low-frequency vibration of the track box girder structure under train moving load is discussed. The results show that the reasonable multi-mode modal tuned mass dampers combination can effectively suppress the low-frequency vibrations of the box-girder, and the vibration levels in the frequency bands 5–10 Hz and 20–31.5 Hz near the natural frequency are significantly reduced.
Moral Machines: Using Natural Morality to Guide Artificial Morality
Authors: Kornienko Aleksandra E.
Published: December 2020

Increasingly autonomous machines are entering our everyday lives and it is important that they do not make it worse. Apart from safety, the development of artificial morality is extensively occupying philosophers and engineers. Importantly, the only kind of morality we have known is our own. In this paper, I overview the biological and evolutionary basis of human morality and the main approaches to artificial morality. I then discuss important aspects of natural morality that should be of crucial consideration for the field of artificial morality if we want to make future human-robot societies sustainable and flourishing.
Robots in Religious Contexts
Authors: Balle Simon , Ess Charles
Published: December 2020

In the wake of the robot revolution, social robots will eventually find their way into religious contexts. Indeed, some have already done so. Recently ‘Mindar’, the android version of the Buddhist deity Kannon Bodhisattva, has been introduced in a Buddhist Temple in Kyoto; a humanoid designed as Ibn Sina has probed Islamic attitudes to robots in the UAE; and Catholic and Protestant contexts have seen such inventions as SanTO and Bless-U2 respectively. As roboticists start to produce ‘theomorphic robots’ to represent and mediate the divine, there is an urgent need to include scholars of diverse religious traditions in the debate.
Does AI Have Buddha-Nature? Reflections on the Metaphysical, Soteriological, and Ethical Dimensions of Including Humanoid Robots in Religious Rituals from one Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective
Authors: Kopf Gereon
Published: December 2020

The temple Kōdaij made history when its priest enshrined the robot Mindar as a personification of Kannon Bodhisattva. Since Mahāyāna Buddhist texts typically reject any form of dualism between the divine and the secular implied by monotheism and even claim that “insentient beings are buddha-nature” and “insentient beings become buddhas”, Gabriele Trovato’s term “theomorphic” may not apply in this case. This paper will explore if humanoid robots can be thought of as conscious, deserving of person rights, and even divine in a Buddhist context. What are the practical and ethical implications of the possible Buddhist claim “all humanoids have Buddha-nature”?
Robots’ Spiritual Superpowers
Authors: Löffler Diana , Hassenzahl Marc
Published: December 2020

Robots are often perceived as hybrids between ‘things’ and ‘beings’—as technologically ‘other’. To design these systems in a meaningful way, we discuss the approach of robot ‘superpowers’ and, instead of mimicking human abilities, concentrate on their quasi-social capabilities that are difficult or impossible to realize for humans. We discuss ‘superpowers’ such as the ability to personalize, superhuman patience, and non-judgmental listening on three examples of spiritual practices: blessings, prayers and confessions. By building on these capabilities, robots could be designed as novel and complementary, instead of substituting, species that offers new forms of social interaction in religious contexts.