bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARADIGMA BARU MENGEMAS DAKWAH MELALUI MEDIA TELEVISI DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: February 2017

In this global era, da’wah through television has an important role in human development, especially akhlaq,moral, and character development. At present, television should deliver da’wah programs with a new paradigm adopting 5basic elements: 1) as the centre of information for all social classes; 2) as a media of education and instruction, whichparticipate in socializing religious values so that it can promote the birth of intellectual and religious Muslim society (khoiruummah); 3) da’wah package with direct or indirect interactive methods with da’i or da’iyah can give a fast and appropriatesolution to the society; 4) the existence of actual and creative da’wah programs on TV can balance the uneducativeprograms, especially foreign cultures which come into society without any boundaries; 5) television can be a means ofeconomic and social development among Muslims through producing marketable da’wah programs, such as talk show,religious drama program (sinetron), Islamic movies, etc. and this can be the source of financial funding for Islamic preaching.
PARTICIPAÇÃO E GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Melo Douglas Christian Ferrari de , Drago Rogério
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir, teoricamente, aspectos concernentes à gestão democrática do cotidiano escolar a partir de alguns elementos considerados essenciais para o processo, dentre os quais destacam-se: a participação popular no contexto educacional, a formação de professores, a eleição direta para diretores escolares, a organização e funcionamento dos conselhos escolares, dentre outros aspectos que contribuem para a democratização do acesso à educação de modo equânime.
CONTROLE DA QUALIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Scorsoline Ailton Bueno
Published: February 2017

A partir da década de 1990 a Educação Superior Brasileira vem experimentando uma série de impactos em sua estrutura, ocasionados por uma proposta de regulação do Estado sob a linha mestra da avaliação, como instrumento de controle da qualidade. Sob essa ótica, o presente texto discutirá as transformações nos processos de regulação da Educação por parte do Estado Brasileiro desde a última década do século XX e a influência cada vez mais presente de tendências internacionais com vistas à convergência de critérios e parâmetros que levem à configuração de um “padrão de qualidade” transnacional: Acreditação da Educação Superior.
A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA COMO TEORIA PEDAGÓGICA REVOLUCIONÁRIA
Authors: Batista Eraldo Leme , Lima Marcos Roberto
Published: February 2017

Apresentaremos neste texto uma análise da proposta pedagógica pedagogia histórico-crítica como um importante instrumental no processo de emancipação humana, sobretudo, das camadas subalternas. Entendemos que esta pedagogia esta fundamentada na visão crítica da sociedade capitalista, não se resumindo a um mero reformismo no âmbito pedagógico que mantêm incólume a estrutura societária. Constitui-se numa concepção pedagógica transformadora, embasada no materialismo histórico-dialético, que por sua práxis revolucionária, choca-se frontalmente com as tendências ditas “pós-modernas”, tornando-se um importante instrumental na superação da unilateralidade humana. Por manter a centralidade da categoria trabalho, coloca-se em desencontro com os interesses do grande capital, que se pauta em teorias conservadoras transvestidas em modismos educacionais que impossibilitam a compreensão da realidade.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Garrido Noemia de Carvalho , Loureiro Armando de Paulo Ferreira
Published: February 2017

Esse artigo tem o objetivo socializar uma proposta de trabalho na Educação de Jovens e Adultos oferecido pela Fundação Municipal para Educação Comunitária – FUMEC, integrada com o Centro de Educação Profissional de Campinas - CEPROCAMP.O CEPROCAMP oferece um programa denominado EJA Profissão, através de Dupla Docência, nas Escolas Municipais do Ensino Fundamental – EMEF. Nesse programa são oferecidos cursos em Dupla docência, um especialista da área trabalha em conjunto com o professor da sala de aula do ensino fundamental, uma vez por semana. Neste artigo pretende-se apresentar como ocorreram as aulas da EJA/Profissão em dupla docência.
O ESTADO BRASILEIRO E AS POLÍTICAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Melo Eliane Pimentel Camillo Barra Nova de , Lima Paulo Gomes
Published: February 2017

Este texto visa analisar historicamente a trajetória do sistema de avaliação da Educação Básica da década 1980 até a implantação da ANA (Avaliação Nacional de Alfabetização). Verifica-se que no Brasil houve três gerações de avaliações, no entanto, a educação padece dos mesmos problemas dos países que não investiram em avaliações. Fica evidente a influência externa no sistema de avaliação por meio de acordos entre as instituições brasileiras e internacionais. Verifica-se que houve grandes investimentos no sistema de avaliação, mas pouco ou quase nada se muda na educação brasileira. O resultado mais direto deste sistema de avaliação foi a política de responsabilização dos profissionais da educação pelo mau desempenho dos estudantes.
POR UMA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE INTERCULTURAL E PLURIÉTNICA NA UFRRJ
Authors: Pereira Amauri Mendes , Cruz Eliane Almeida de Souza e , Oliveira Luiz Fernandes de
Published: February 2017

Este texto foi escrito originalmente no final de 2012 para iniciar um debate epistemológico, pedagógico e político sobre a proposta de criação da disciplina obrigatória Educação e Relações Étnico-raciais na Escola para todas as licenciaturas da UFRJ. Entretanto, no primeiro semestre do ano de 2013, o MEC por meio de uma visita técnica exigiu o cumprimento das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-raciais e para o Ensino de História e Culturas Afro-brasileiras e Africanas (DCNERERs). Sendo obrigada a cumprir a legislação, o Conselho Superior da Universidade (CONSU), em abril de 2013, estabelece a obrigatoriedade da disciplina proposta em todas as licenciaturas da UFRRJ. Portanto, ao longo do texto, nas primeiras partes, mantivemos a escrita original de 2012 para que o leitor observe aquele momento inicial da reflexão. Mas, ao final, relatamos alguns desdobramentos após a inserção oficial da disciplina em todas as licenciaturas da UFRRJ.
SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA CENTRADA EM COMPETÊNCIAS
Authors: Rueda Jurany Leite , Lima Paulo Gomes
Published: February 2017

Esse estudo discute a lógica do Processo de Bolonha para a formação universitária centrada em competências, projeto que transcende a compreensão do espaço europeu e que transversaliza fronteiras mundiais, como a brasileira. Dessa forma, por meio de um atualizado levantamento de literatura especializada e documentos referenciais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa como quadro de discussão, desencadeamos reflexões a partir do Projeto Tuning, característico do modelo educacional do Tratado de Bolonha que tem como base geral a formação por competências de forma recorrente.  As discussões nos permitiram concluir que o Tratado de Bolonha passou por uma ampliação geográfica, passando a olhar para além de sua comunidade ao estabelecer programas de colaboração de educação superior com países não-membros da União Europeia, entretanto, qualquer projeto que tenha como parâmetro tal referencial deve considerar a tipologia do sujeito a ser formado, adequado à tipologia de sociedade na mesma perspectiva voltada para o mercado.
MULHERES NO MOVIMENTO ESTUDANTIL E AS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS DA DÉCADA DE 1990
Authors: Silva Mayris De Paula , Mendonça Viviane Melo de
Published: February 2017

A pesquisa analisou as memórias sociais de mulheres que atuaram no movimento estudantil brasileiro na década de 1990 em universidades públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Compreendeu a mulher como sujeito histórico, político e social, como principais referências os estudos feministas e de gênero. A metodologia para o estudo das memórias sociais foi a de História Oral Temática. Foram realizadas quatro entrevistas, no roteiro os temas: participação, gênero e educação. Concluiu-se que a participação da mulher no movimento estudantil o revela como um espaço masculinizado, com ausência dos debates de gênero. As memórias destas mulheres desvelam também que esse espaço de atuação está carregado de sentidos e vivências e, sobretudo, da (re) invenção da mulher na luta política para subverter os espaços de opressão.
Áhrif fiskveiðistjórnunar á virðiskeðju íslensks bolfisks
Authors: Knútsson Ögmundur , Kristófersson Daði Már , Gestsson Helgi
Published: February 2017

Íslenskur sjávarútvegur hefur nokkra sérstöðu samanborið við sjávarútveg nágrannaþjóðanna hvað varðar arðsemi. Margir hafa bent á að fyrirkomulag fiskveiðistjórnunar hefur áhrif á rekstrarhegðun útgerðarfyrirtækja og þar með afkomu þeirra. Afar mikilvægt er, þegar hugað er að breytingum á fiskveiðistjórnunarkerfinu, að fyrir liggi hvað það er sem leitt hefur til góðrar afkomu í íslenskum sjávarútvegi. Mikilvægt er að breytingar á kerfinu tryggi áframhald þessarrar miklu verðmætasköpunar.
Fyrri rannsóknir höfunda hafa bent til þess að þeir þrír ytri þættir sem hafa haft hvað mest áhrif á árangur virðiskeðjunnar hérlendis séu afnám útflutningshindrana, fiskveiðistjórnunarkerfið og stofnun fiskmarkaða á Íslandi. Niðurstöður rannsókna benda til þessa að fiskveiðistjórnarkerfið auki skilvirkni virðiskeðjunnar með því að draga úr sóknarkostnaði, auka sérhæfingu í veiðum, skapi hvata til að auka verðmæti afla og tryggi stöðugleika framboðs hráefnis.
Í þessari grein verða áhrif fiskveiðistjórnunarkerfisins á rekstur sjávarútvegsfyrirtækja könnuð með tvennum hætti. Annars vegar er með djúpviðtölum við stjórnendur í sjávarútvegi könnuð sýn greinarinnar á þátt fiskveiðistjórnunarkerfisins á þróun virðiskeðju sjávarútvegs . Hins vegar eru gögn um afkomu greind og borin saman við sambærileg gögn frá Noregi í þeim tilgangi að meta hvers vegna þróun hér varð önnur en þar og draga fram hugsanlegar ástæður þess.
The Ins and Outs of Icelandic Unemployment
Authors: Einarsson Bjarni G.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents new data on Icelandic labour market flows between employment, unemployment, and inactivity, constructed from the microdata in Statistics Iceland‘s Labour Force Survey (LFS). An analysis of the contribution of the transition rates to the dynamics of unemployment is then performed. Assuming a fixed labour force yields results comparable to previous estimates in Iceland, with a third of the variation in steady-state unemployment explained by the job finding rate, a significant departure from what is found in Anglo-Saxon, continental European, and Nordic economies. Taking account of movements in and out of the labour force has a significant effect on contributions of transition rates to variations in steady-state unemployment, with inactivity transitions accounting for roughly a third of the variability in steady-state unemployment and a dead-even split of the remaining two-thirds between the employment-unemployment and unemployment-employment transition rates. This contribution of inactivity transitions is comparable to that in the UK, US, and Spain. The background information available in the LFS indicates that some heterogeneity exists in the contributions by gender. The participation margin is thus an important source of variation in unemployment and needs to be accounted for to fully understand the drivers of Icelandic labour market fluctuations. Furthermore, ignoring transitions in and out of the labour force generates misleading results on the relative importance of the transition rates between employment and unemployment states in Iceland.
Defining green electricity from a consumer’s perspective: A cross-market explorative input for policy makers and marketers
Authors: Larsen Friðrik , Guðlaugsson Þórhallur
Published: February 2017

The marketing of electricity is an increasingly significant issue following the liberalization of electricity markets. Substantial emphasis has been placed on green electricity, but the concept is vague to many consumers. In this paper, the focus is on defining green electricity from a consumer perspective and using the understanding gained to provide input for public energy policy and to improve the marketing activities of energy companies. The paper draws on findings from a qualitative study of focus groups that gathered consumer insights from five European countries. The authors argue that although defining green electricity from a consumer perspective is a complex process, several constructs, including sustainability/corporate social responsibility, local production, visual impact and saving energy, are key. The definition is strongly affected by other constructs, including scepticism, marketing, price, and the fact it does not matter who provides it as electricity looks the same to the consumer.
Lífsstíll verður ferðavara; þróun fyrirtækja í hestamennsku á Íslandi
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Ingibjörg
Published: February 2017

Í þessari grein er skoðað hvað einkenni þróun fyrirtækja í hestamennsku (e. horse industry) á Íslandi og hverjar séu helstu ástæður þess að hestamennska sem áhugamál eða lífsstíll er þróuð yfir í fyrirtæki. Auk þess er rýnt í það hver sé þáttur ferðaþjónustu í þróun hestamennsku sem atvinnugreinar á Íslandi. Skoðað er hvernig hestamennska og ferðamennska mætast í fjölþættri og ört vaxandi atvinnustarfsemi, ekki síst í dreifbýli. Talsverðar rannsóknir eru til um einkenni og þróun lífsstílsfyrirtækja m.a. í ferðaþjónustu en lítið er um rannsóknir meðal slíkra fyrirtækja í hestamennsku. Rannsóknin var eigindleg og framkvæmd í gegnum hálfopin viðtöl við 16 rekstraraðila í hestamennsku. Vísbendingar komu fram um að fyrirtæki í hestamennsku gangi fremur milli kynslóða en ferðaþjónustufyrirtæki almennt, sem kemur nokkuð á óvart og vekur athygli á mögulegri sérstöðu hestamennsku og hestatengdrar ferðaþjónustu samanborið við önnur form ferðaþjónustu. Tengsl hestamennsku og ferðaþjónustu eru fjölþætt og spanna allt frá því að fyrirtæki í hestamennsku hafi tekjur sínar eingöngu af ferðaþjónustu yfir í að fyrirtækin hafi engin bein tengsl við ferðaþjónustu. Leitt er líkum að því að í þeim fyrirtækjum þar sem ferðaþjónusta hefur ekki bein áhrif innan fyrirtækjanna sjálfra hafi ferðalög tengd þeim töluverð óbein efnahagsleg áhrif innan ferðaþjónustunnar.
PERANAN KONSULTASI KONSELOR SEKOLAH
Authors: Anjar Tri
Published: February 2017

Konsultasi sebagai satu komponen bimbingan adalah segala usaha memberikan asistensi kepada seluruh anggota staf pendidik dan pada orang tua siswa demi perkembangan siswa yang lebih baik (Winkel, 1997). Sedangkan konseling adalah usaha membantu merefleksi diri siswa melalui wawancara konseling individual maupun kelompok, terlebih lagi bila permasalahan yang dihadapi siswa belum terselesaikan secara tuntas. Konsultasi dalam kamus bahasa Indonesia dapat diartikan sebagai “pertukaran pikiran untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan berupa nasehat atau saran yang sebaik-baiknya”. Konsultan dinyatakan sebagai orang ahli yang memberikan petunjuk atau nasehat dalam suatu kegiatan. Konsultasi diartikan sebagai tukar pikiran untuk meminta pertimbangan dalam memutuskan sesuatu. Artinya lebih menekankan pada unsur nasehat yang diberikan oleh orang yang berkompeten dibidangnya.
MENUMBUHKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI KERJA SAMA PELAYANAN GURUPEMBIMBING (BK) DAN ORANG TUA
Authors: Pranoto Hadi
Published: February 2017

Realita lapangan menunjukan bahwa siswa di Indonesia tidak memiliki kemauan dan keinginan belajar yang tinggi. Banyak siswa merasa “tidak bersemangat” di dalam kelas, tidak mampu memahami dengan baik pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru-guru mereka dan kurangnya guru pembimbing dalam memberikan layanan. Siswa masih menganggap kegiatan belajar tidak menyenangkan dan memilih kegiatan lain di luar kontek belajar. Rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa akan membuat mereka tertarik pada hal-hal yang negatif. Tugas guru pembimbing (BK) adalah membangkitkan motivasi anak sehingga ia mau melakukan serangkaian kegiatan belajar. Kegiatan untuk menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa bukanlah hal mudah untuk dilakukan. Maka orang tua dan guru pembimbing (BK) perlu bekerja sama untuk  menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa.Kata kunci: Motivasi Belajar, Pelayanan Guru Pembimbing (BK), Orang Tua
DIAGNOSIS OF LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND GUIDANCE LEARNING SERVICES TO SLOW LEARNER STUDENT
Authors: Rosada Ulfa , Rosada Ulfa
Published: February 2017

The failure to the learning process to reach ketuntasan material may not be returned in one factor , but on several factors involved in the process of teaching and learning. In the process diagnosis a learning disability what is important is finding the difficulty and types of difficulty teaching improvements conducted by effectively. A diagnosis is finding the a learning disability students and determine the possibility of how to overcome by taking into account the factors that affect the success of learning activities.
THE COMPATIBILITY STUDENT CHOICE OF UNIVERSITY MAJORING; A PRELIMINARY STUDIES
Authors: Daharnis Daharnis , Ardi Zadrian
Published: February 2017

The continuous improvements in order to optimize the basic education to higher education are still running. Based on that purpose, there are many factors to supporting the students' learning activities success; one of the factors is suitability with majors in university. The purpose of this study is to reveal the condition of the compatibility of students majoring with their interest, then to describe the information when the student choose their majoring. Samples in this study were 122 peoples, taken by random sampling from the Padang State University. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires. The results showed that there are students that their major do not match with their interest (22.13%), only 3.28% of students who feel compatible with their major. This result should be a major concern, particularly for counselor in schools for design counseling services to solve these problems. The result of this study used as a grand tour or a preliminary study for further research.
APPLICATION OF MASTERING CONTENT SERVICES TO INCREASE MATHEMATIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENT AT CLASS VII SMP NEGERI 2 METRO YEAR 2013/2014
Authors: Mahmudah Siti
Published: February 2017

Goals to be achieved by the researchers, is to know the results of the implementation of the mastery content services in improving student achievement of class VII SMP Negeri 2 Metro in the academic year 2013/2014. The study design using action research applied in guidance and counseling services. Subjects in this study, researchers took student class VII SMP Negeri 2 Metro in the academic year 2013/2014. Of the 24 students there are 10 students who experienced low mathematics achievement 41.66%. Results from this study that through mastery of content services provided by BK teachers can improve student achievement class VII SMP Negeri 2 Metro. There is an increase in student achievement in the first cycle seen from the average percentage that is equal to 27.5% and the second cycle by 75%, resulting in an increase of 47.5%.Keywords:  mathematics achievement, mastery content services, smp negeri 2 metro
COUNSELING MODEL BASED ON GUSJIGANG CULTURE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF COUNSELING MODEL BASED ON LOCAL WISDOMS IN KUDUS
Authors: Zamroni Edris
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the developing of conceptual framework of gusjigang counseling model as a manifestation of local wisdoms hold by the people of Kudus regency. Gusjigang is a philosophy of life taught by Sunan Kudus (one of the nine Java island’s first Muslim missionaries) which teaches men to have a good behavior (gus), to be good at reciting Koran (ji) as well as trading (gang). Gusjigang counseling model is close to Islamic counseling nuance which sets out the Islamic values of Kudus people who have been widely known as religious people. The goals of this counseling model are to develop men's virtuous characters, scientific and systematic thoughts, and improve persistence, creativity, innovativeness to survive.
ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION THE EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAM AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS OF SINGKAWANG
Authors: Basith Abd
Published: February 2017

Focus of this study are (1) describe and analyze the implementation of the guidance and counseling program, (2) find some factors inhibiting the implementation of the guidance and counseling program. This study uses qualitative methods; using interview data collecting technique, tested its validity through triangulation. Subjects in this study are all teachers of guidance and counseling in the Senior High School of Singkawang as many as 10 people as well as principals and supervisors as the informants with the total of 11 people. Results (1) the implementation of evaluation of guidance and counseling program by the teachers still has many weaknesses on each phase of the evaluation, such as not understanding the evaluation models of the guidance and counseling program, how to apply them, and monitoring process that is not done in deeply and in detail, (2) Some factors inhibiting the implementation of the evaluation of guidance and counseling program are lack of knowledge and understanding of the evaluation of guidance and counseling program in the schools, lack of interest in developing professional competencies, and lack of guidance to the teachers in implementing the guidance and counseling evaluation program.
STRESS CONDITIONS OF STUDENTS IN RESOLVING THESIS
Authors: Wardi Rahmanina , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to describe the condition of stress student in completing the thesis viewed from a physiological reaction, psychological, cognitive and behavioral. This study was a descriptive study with a sample of 93 people using simple random sampling. The instrument used in this study is the Student Stress Measurement Scale Completed Thesis (SPSMMS). The study findings revealed that 1) most of the students in completing the thesis stressed in general at a moderate level with a percentage of 35.5%, 2) most of the students in completing the thesis under stress with physiological reactions at a moderate level with a percentage of 40%, 3) most of the students in complete the thesis experiencing psychological stress reactions at a moderate level with a percentage of 38%, 4) most of the students in completing the thesis stressed with cognitive reaction at a moderate level of 35.5%, 5) most students in completing the thesis stressed by the reaction behavior at moderate levels 38.7%. The study recommends necessary counseling services in order to reduce student stress conditions in completing the thesis.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SELF CONCEPT AND DEFENCE MECHANISM OF STUDENTS
Authors: Yusri Fadhilla
Published: February 2017

Basically every individual has a concept about himself. The concept which has been ingrained in each individual, would influence the behavior of that individuals in various aspects of their life including in facing the problems. Only a little of the students are able to solve the problem well. Sometimes to keep themselves right in a problem, they “form” defense mechanism. This research was conducted to reveal the correlation between self concept and defense mechanism of guidance and counseling students of  IAIN Bukittinggi. The population was the entire of guidance and counseling students that concist of 452 students, and 102 samples. The data was collected by using questionnaire that was processed using product moment technique in SPSS 21.0 version. The result shown that there is a significant correlation between self-concept and defense mechanism in facing the problem with the r calculated was 0.433. The strength of the correlation between self-concept  and defense mechanism of BK  students of IAIN Bukittinggi are at moderate or sufficient.
EFFECT OF SCHOOL CLIMATE, WORK STRESS AND WORK MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHER
Authors: Sinaulan Ramlani Lina
Published: February 2017

Performance is a form of behavior of a person or organization with achievement orientation. The study results are known (a) the school climate affect performance of teachers, b) there is influence of work stress on teacher performance, (c) work motivation effect on teacher performance, d) school climate influence on job motivation of teachers, and (e) work stress effect on work motivation of teachers. Suggestions studies (a) improving teacher performance should the top priority schools in school management efforts. This condition given that performance of teachers are the main pillars that determine the success of the school in improving quality of students. Therefore, performance of the teacher must always be good and necessary to update the knowledge of teachers on the latest information in education as benchmarks increase teacher performance, (b) job motivation of teachers needs to improved, among others, with reward and punishment impartial towards the success achieved by the teacher as well as the violations committed so that it becomes part of an effort to motivate teachers to work.
Catatonia in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Part of Nepal: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Adhikari B.R. , Subedi S. , Joshi R.G. , Thapa A.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Catatonia is still an ill-understood phenomenology and we could not find any case based publications from Nepal. This study was undertaken to observe the proportion of catatonic patients in a year, to describe their frequencies, and to relate catatonia to mode of onset of catatonia, stressors and to diagnostic categories.Method: One-year prospective study was carried out in Psychiatry Ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. Socio-demographic variables were collected in structured Performa and Semi-Structured Performa was used for number of catatonic signs, life events, and mode of onset. Catatonia was screened and rated by Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorder, Diagnostic and Research Guidelines, tenth version. Medical diagnoses were made by the consultant in Internal Medicine. Those who could not be admitted at least 24 hours for observation were not taken into study and 2 cases were excluded due to extreme of ages.Result: The proportions of patients with catatonia were 9.3% in psychiatric in-patients. Mutism was the most common sign and larger proportion had retarded catatonia. Mode of onset of catatonia, stressors, and disorders were not related. Medical and psychiatric catatonia could not be differentiated from the pattern of catatonic signs, even though echolalia occurred only in seizure disorder in our sample.Conclusion: The phenomenon of catatonia is common in our set-up. Mutism was the most common symptom. It is important to rule out organic etiology first. Depression is a common diagnosis with catatonia.
ECT: Knowledge and Attitude among Patients and their Relatives
Authors: Adhikari S.R.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: There is widespread negative view of ECT in common people and other medical fraternities. Clinical efficacy of ECT does not necessarily predict patients and relatives knowledge and attitude regarding the procedure.Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study. Socio-demographic data of patients and relatives were collected. Knowledge, attitude and experience toward ECT were assessed by using an internationally validated instrument.Results: Majority of patients and relatives replied positively that they could have refused ECT if wanted to; they received adequate information from health professionals in giving consent to ECT, therapeutic uses, processes and side effects / risks of ECT. All agreed that viewing video tapes before treatment would have been helpful. Almost all patients and relatives agreed that- ECT is not used as punishment; it does not cause permanent brain damage; ECT is not dangerous; it is given only if patients agree; patients have full autonomy about its use and it is not used to control their behavior. All patients and relatives disagreed that ECT is inhumane; it’s cruel; illegitimate; should be outlawed. All agreed that they felt satisfied with ECT and glad it was given to their relatives.Conclusion: It is very important to give reliable and adequate information to patients and relatives about ECT. After beneficial effects of ECT and improvement in post-ECT psychopathology, subjects will have favorable attitude and increased satisfaction toward ECT. Positive experience of treatment will have enduring impact on subjects’ perceptions. Information leaflets and audio-visual aids play additional benefit when given information about the procedure.
Prevalence of Depression among elderly living in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley and its association with Sociodemographic variants
Authors: Kafle B. , Sharma V.D. , Ojha S.P. , Chapagain M , Tulachan P. , Dhungana S.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. The increasing elderly populations are prone to depression. Studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age homes is lesser in the developing countries.Objectives: To estimate prevalence of depression among elderly living in old age homes in Kathmandu valley and its association with the socio-demographic variables, individual factors and environmental factors.Method: It is a cross sectional study where 203 elderly people residing in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal were selected randomly. Interview was carried out using socio-demographic tool, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), ICD-10 DCR, Duke social support scale, UCLA loneliness scale, and Barthel index was used.Results: This study showed that, 47.3% of population had depression. Among them, 34.0% had mild depression and 13.3% had severe depression. There was significant association between the prevalence of depression, health problems, satisfaction with old age home, loneliness, social support and functional disability.Conclusion: Depressive disorder is highly prevalent among the elderly population residing in old age homes in Kathmandu Valley. This results in lowering their productivity and places burden to family and society. For this reason, concerned authorities should timely address depression in elderly people.
Pituitary Adenoma Presenting as Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report
Authors: Dhungana S. , Ojha S.P. , Chapagai M. , Tulachan P.
Published: February 2017

Anorexia nervosa is a syndrome characterized by severe weight loss and preoccupation of distorted body image with resulting complications due to starvation. In most of the typical cases of anorexia nervosa, neuroimaging is not done. However, with increasing evidence of intracranial lesions associated with eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, neuroimaging is indicated in almost all cases. We present a case of a 17-year-old female who was admitted initially with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (restricting type) and later found to have pituitary adenoma.
A general method towards transition metal monoboride nanopowders
Authors: Cao Weixiao , Wei Ya'nan , Meng Xin , Ji Yuexia , Ran Songlin
Published: February 2017

The borothermal reduction of metal oxides in molten salts is reported as a general method towards transition metal monoboride nanopowders. Crystallized CrB powders with average particle sizes of 40 – 50 nm were synthesized at a lowest temperature of 800 °C. The presence of molten salts greatly inhibited the formation of impurities and the grain growth of CrB particles. NbB and TaB powders were also successfully synthesized by the same method at 1 000 °C and 1 100 °C, respectively.
Examining the Potential of Variable Congestion Charges in Dublin City Center
Authors: Becker Thilo A. , Caulfield Brian , Shiels Philip
Published: February 2017

In Dublin, Ireland, roads regularly see excessively high levels of congestion during the morning and afternoon peak hours. Over the past several years, various options have been investigated to reduce the city's traffic congestion. Congestion charges, such as those currently implemented in London, United Kingdom, or Stockholm, Sweden, are generally supplemented by high-quality public transport systems, and in most cases, commuters have viable alternative methods of transport readily available to them. Although similar congestion-pricing schemes have been suggested for Dublin, the city's public transport system is in need of expansion and improvement, and cannot provide a viable alternative method of transport for many car commuters in remote locations. This research study examined the approach of introducing a user-sensitive variable congestion charge to Dublin's city center. The approach is based on one general congestion charge, as well as individual discount rates to reduce the congestion charge for some commuters.
Effect of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor on the cochlear nuclei after creation of a partial nerve lesion: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Montibeller Guilherme Ramina , Schackmann Benjamin , Urbschat Steffi , Oertel Joachim M. K.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

The risk of injury of the cochlear nerve during angle (CPA) surgery is high. Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been found in various experimental models of peripheral and CNS injury to have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. However, to the authors' knowledge, the influence of G-CSF on cochlear nerve regeneration has not been reported. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF after a partial cochlear nerve lesion in rats.

METHODS

A lesion of the right cochlear nerve in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was created using a water-jet dissector with a pressure of 8 bar. In the first group (G-CSF-post), G-CSF was administrated on Days 1, 3, and 5 after the surgery. The second group (G-CSF-pre/post) was treated with G-CSF 1 day before and 1, 3, and 5 days after applying the nerve injury. The control group received sodium chloride after nerve injury at the various time points. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured directly before and after nerve injury and on Days 1 and 7 to evaluate the acoustic function of the cochlear nerve. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after the operation, and their brains were fixed in formalin. Nissl staining of the cochlear nuclei was performed, and histological sections were analyzed with a light microscope and an image-processing program. The numbers of neurons in the cochlear nuclei were assessed.

RESULTS

The values for Waves 2 and 4 of the BAEPs decreased abruptly in all 3 groups in the direct postoperative measurement. Although the amplitude in the control group did not recover, it increased in both treatment groups. According to 2-way ANOVA, groups treated with G-CSF had a significant increase in BAEP Wave II amplitudes on the right side (p = 0.0401) after the applied cochlear nerve injury. With respect to Wave IV, a trend toward better recovery in the G-CSF groups was found, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the histological analysis, higher numbers of neurons were found in the G-CSF groups. In the statistical analysis, the difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-post groups reached significance (p = 0.0086). The difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-pre/post groups and between the G-CSF-post and G-CSF-pre/post groups did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of G-CSF improved the function of the eighth cranial nerve and protected cochlear nucleus cells from destruction after a controlled partial injury of the nerve. These findings might be relevant for surgery that involves CPA tumors. The use of G-CSF in patients with a lesion in the CPA might improve postoperative outcomes.
Transtentorial dissemination of optic nerve glioblastoma: case report
Authors: Mastorakos Panagiotis , Hays Michael A. , Caruso James P. , Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Taylor Davis G. , Beatriz Lopes M. , Shaffrey Mark E.
Published: February 2017

Optic nerve glioblastoma is a rare entity that usually presents with rapidly progressive vision loss, which eventually results in blindness and, ultimately, death. As with malignant gliomas in other anatomical locations, local recurrence is common. Isolated rapid changes in vision, atypical neuroimaging findings, and the rarity of optic nerve glioblastoma may render diagnosis challenging and, thus, delay treatment. The authors present a case of optic nerve glioblastoma that was treated with subtotal resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy and temozolomide. One year following the initial diagnosis, the patient developed a right cerebellar lesion, which was histopathologically consistent with glioblastoma. This case represents the first report of transtentorial dissemination of an optic nerve glioblastoma. In addition, the authors reviewed the literature regarding optic nerve glioblastomas. Of the 73 previously reported cases of malignant optic nerve gliomas, 32 were histologically confirmed glioblastomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 62 years, and 56% were male; the median survival was 7 months. A malignant glioma of the optic nerve should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with rapidly progressive visual loss. However, the incidence of optic nerve glioblastoma is exceedingly low.
Strategy Implementation Style and Public Service Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Equity
Authors: Andrews Rhys , Beynon Malcolm , Genc Elif
Published: February 2017

Strategic decision-making theories suggest that organizations that combine rational and incremental strategy implementation styles are likely to perform better than those that emphasize a single style. To assess whether these arguments apply to the public sector; we explore the strategy implementation style and perceived service effectiveness, efficiency and equity of Turkish municipal government departments. Using fuzzy cluster analysis, we identify four distinctive though inter-related styles of strategy implementation in our sample organizations: logical-incremental; mostly rational; mostly incremental; and no clear approach. A logical-incremental and mostly rational style of implementation are associated with better effectiveness, efficiency and equity; with the absence of an implementation style associated with worse performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Surrogate Based Optimization of Aerodynamic Noise for Streamlined Shape of High Speed Trains
Authors: Sun Zhenxu , Zhang Ye , Yang Guowei
Published: February 2017

Aerodynamic noise increases with the sixth power of the running speed. As the speed increases, aerodynamic noise becomes predominant and begins to be the main noise source at a certain high speed. As a result, aerodynamic noise has to be focused on when designing new high-speed trains. In order to perform the aerodynamic noise optimization, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level (SPL) has been used in the present paper, which could take all of the far field observation probes into consideration. The Non-Linear Acoustics Solver (NLAS) approach has been utilized for acoustic calculation. With the use of Kriging surrogate model, a multi-objective optimization of the streamlined shape of high-speed trains has been performed, which takes the noise level in the far field and the drag of the whole train as the objectives. To efficiently construct the Kriging model, the cross validation approach has been adopted. Optimization results reveal that both the equivalent continuous sound pressure level and the drag of the whole train are reduced in a certain extent.
Diffusion Assessment of Cortical Changes, Induced by Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sun Peng , Murphy Rory , Gamble Paul , George Ajit , Song Sheng-Kwei , Ray Wilson
Published: February 2017

Promising treatments are being developed to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Magnetic resonance imaging, specifically Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been shown to non-invasively measure both axonal and myelin integrity following traumatic brain and SCI. A novel data-driven model-selection algorithm known as Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) has been proposed to more accurately delineate white matter injury. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DTI/DBSI changes that extend to level of the cerebral peduncle and internal capsule following a SCI could be correlated with clinical function. A prospective non-randomized cohort of 23 patients with chronic spinal cord injuries and 17 control subjects underwent cranial diffusion weighted imaging, followed by whole brain DTI and DBSI computations. Region-based analyses were performed on cerebral peduncle and internal capsule. Three subgroups of patients were included in the region-based analysis. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was also applied to allow whole-brain white matter analysis between controls and all patients. Functional assessments were made using International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) as modified by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Scale. Whole brain white matter analysis using TBSS finds no statistical difference between controls and all patients. Only cervical ASIA A/B patients in cerebral peduncle showed differences from controls in DTI and DBSI results with region-based analysis. Cervical ASIA A/B SCI patients had higher levels of axonal injury and edema/tissue loss as measured by DBSI at the level of the cerebral peduncle. DTI Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Axial Diffusivity (AD) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) was able to detect differences in cervical ASIA A/B patients, but were non-specific to pathologies. Increased water fraction indicated by DBSI non-restricted isotropic diffusion fraction in the cerebral peduncle, explains the simultaneously increased DTI AD and DTI RD values. Our results further demonstrate the utility of DTI to detect disruption in axonal integrity in white matter, yet a clear shortcoming in differentiating true axonal injury from inflammation/tissue loss. Our results suggest a preservation of axonal integrity at the cortical level and has implications for future regenerative clinical trials.
Photodynamic Synergistic Effect of Pheophorbide a and Doxorubicin in Combined Treatment against Tumoral Cells
Authors: Ruiz-González Rubén , Milán Paula , Bresolí-Obach Roger , Stockert Juan , Villanueva Angeles , Cañete Magdalena , Nonell Santi
Published: February 2017

A combination of therapies to treat cancer malignancies is at the forefront of research with the aim to reduce drug doses (ultimately side effects) and diminish the possibility of resistance emergence given the multitarget strategy. With this goal in mind, in the present study, we report the combination between the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOXO) and the photosensitizing agent pheophorbide a (PhA) to inactivate HeLa cells. Photophysical studies revealed that DOXO can quench the excited states of PhA, detracting from its photosensitizing ability. DOXO can itself photosensitize the production of singlet oxygen; however, this is largely suppressed when bound to DNA. Photodynamic treatments of cells incubated with DOXO and PhA led to different outcomes depending on the concentrations and administration protocols, ranging from antagonistic to synergic for the same concentrations. Taken together, the results indicate that an appropriate combination of DOXO with PhA and red light may produce improved cytotoxicity with a smaller dose of the chemotherapeutic drug, as a result of the different subcellular localization, targets and mode of action of the two agents.
On Metal Segregation of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts Prepared by a One-Pot Method in Microemulsions
Authors: Tojo Concha , Buceta David , López-Quintela Manuel
Published: February 2017

A comparative study on different bimetallic nanocatalysts prepared from microemulsions using a one-pot method has been carried out. The analysis of experimental observations, complemented by simulation studies, provides detailed insight into the factors affecting nanoparticle architecture: (1) The metal segregation in a bimetallic nanocatalysts is the result of the combination of three main kinetic parameters: the reduction rate of metal precursors (related to reduction standard potentials), the material intermicellar exchange rate (determined by microemulsion composition), and the metal precursors concentration; (2) A minimum difference between the reduction standard potentials of the two metals of 0.20 V is needed to obtain a core-shell structure. For values ∆ε0 smaller than 0.20 V the obtaining of alloys cannot be avoided, neither by changing the microemulsion nor by increasing metal concentration; (3) As a rule, the higher the film flexibility around the micelles, the higher the degree of mixture in the nanocatalyst; (4) A minimum concentration of metal precursors is required to get a core-shell structure. This minimum concentration depends on the microemulsion flexibility and on the difference in reduction rates.
Taste Receptors Mediate Sinonasal Immunity and Respiratory Disease
Authors: Douglas Jennifer , Cohen Noam
Published: February 2017

The bitter taste receptor T2R38 has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), where the receptor functions to enhance upper respiratory innate immunity through a triad of beneficial immune responses. Individuals with a functional version of T2R38 are tasters for the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and exhibit an anti-microbial response in the upper airway to certain invading pathogens, while those individuals with a non-functional version of the receptor are PTC non-tasters and lack this beneficial response. The clinical ramifications are significant, with the non-taster genotype being an independent risk factor for CRS requiring surgery, poor quality-of-life (QOL) improvements post-operatively, and decreased rhinologic QOL in patients with cystic fibrosis. Furthermore, indirect evidence suggests that non-tasters also have a larger burden of biofilm formation. This new data may influence the clinical management of patients with infectious conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract and possibly at other mucosal sites throughout the body.
Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression and Cutaneous Wound Repair
Authors: Cremers Niels , Wever Kimberley , Wong Ronald , Van Rheden René , Vermeij Eline , Van Dam Gooitzen , Carels Carine , Lundvig Ditte , Wagener Frank
Published: February 2017

Skin wounds may lead to scar formation and impaired functionality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can induce the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protect against tissue injury. We aim to improve cutaneous wound repair by RIPC treatment via induction of HO-1. RIPC was applied to HO-1-luc transgenic mice and HO-1 promoter activity and mRNA expression in skin and several other organs were determined in real-time. In parallel, RIPC was applied directly or 24h prior to excisional wounding in mice to investigate the early and late protective effects of RIPC on cutaneous wound repair, respectively. HO-1 promoter activity was significantly induced on the dorsal side and locally in the kidneys following RIPC treatment. Next, we investigated the origin of this RIPC-induced HO-1 promoter activity and demonstrated increased mRNA in the ligated muscle, heart and kidneys, but not in the skin. RIPC did not change HO-1 mRNA and protein levels in the wound 7 days after cutaneous injury. Both early and late RIPC did not accelerate wound closure nor affect collagen deposition. RIPC induces HO-1 expression in several organs, but not the skin, and did not improve excisional wound repair, suggesting that the skin is insensitive to RIPC-mediated protection.