bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World and Self in Ageing and Psychosis
Authors: Eng Erling
Published: April 2008

Through the twofold meaning of nature for man-rhythmically-of which he is a part and from which he is apart, the situations of psychosis and of ageing "cross over." In both are manifested the imperious sway of that nature of which we are a part: in the earlier half of life-largely-as psychosis, in the latter half of life through ageing. It is in the midst of the life-span, with the transition from predominant instinctuality to awareness of its recession, that psychosis and ageing are disclosed as complementary perspectives, the vanishing point of the former toward the bodily birth of the individual, that of the latter toward the death of the individual body. Together they intimate the possibility of an individuality which can encompass the human meanings of both. In psychosis and ageing alike, the sway of that nature of which we are a part is coupled with a heightened awareness of our own nature as apart, in the former instance passively, with an accent on one's helplessness as mechanical mind, in the latter with the realization of one's own active part over and apart from the body. In psychosis the self is overwhelmed by that nature of which its body is a part as the latter's complexion is mediated by the world. In ageing the presence of the self stands out more clearly from the ebbing instinctuality with which it was earlier alloyed. To the negative defusion of instinctuality and individuality in psychosis corresponds the possibility of a positive separation in ageing. If in psychosis, "uprightness" (Straus), "eccentricity" (Plessner), "being in the world over and beyond the world" (Binswanger), has been early flawed, ageing enables individuality to emerge in relief from the detritus of imperfect projects. "When gods die they become men, when men die they become gods." (Heraclitus). While bodily membership in nature pervades emerging individuality in the first half of life, self-assumption of responsibility emerges with the discovery of ebbing instinctuality in the middle of life. The body as a hinge between nature of which we are a part and nature from which we are apart, and whose ambiguity (Merleau-Ponty) is rhythmically reflective of the world and of self, now becomes apparent. With this the possibility of a "depth psychology" is reached, that is, a reopening of the archives of one's history for a commemorative rereading (Freud, Jung). This moment of discovery, traditionally conveyed in the analogical imagery of late summer and the Mediterranean experience of noon and afternoon, recurs throughout the opus of Freud, from his "Gradiva" essay ( 1906), through "The Uncanny" ( 1919) to his "A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis" (1936), with undertones both of psychotic derealization and of the purifying ordeal of ageing.
Cognitive Therapy, Phenomenology, and the Struggle for Meaning
Authors: Moss Donald P.
Published: April 2008

This article critiques the inadequate attention given to the question of meaning in mainstream clinical psychiatry and psychology. The author reviews the history of phenomenological and existential psychiatry, especially the work of Erwin Straus, and highlights the emphasis on the personal world of experience and on such existential dimensions as time and ethical experience. Aaron Beck's school of cognitive therapy appropriates many themes and concepts from phenomenology, including the central concept of meaning, and turns them into a systematic technology for personal change. The author contrasts the phenomenological and cognitive approaches to meaning. The relationship between the cognitive and existential therapies is described by analogy to William James's healthy-minded and morbid-minded religion.
Sexual Norms and the Burden of Sexual Literacy
Authors: Dillon M.C.
Published: April 2008

In this paper, I argue against the kind of "scientific objectivity" that attempts to maintain the facade of value neutrality on the grounds that since objectivity is impossible, the claim to it is necessarily hypocritical. The impossibility stems from the inextricability of sex and sexuality: Sex as a natural phenomenon cannot be separated from sexuality as a matrix of value-laden, historically situated ideas and emotions. It stems also from the fact that the intensity of the pleasure-pain continuum, which is indissociable from sexual activity, makes caring a fundamental component of our sexual being: To desire is already to value. And it stems finally from the fact that the psychic and somatic health that stands as the goal of the counseling and therapy-providing services is itself a value. My recommendation is that we take responsibility for the values that inform our professional behavior-if only to make them available for critical scrutiny.
Emotion and Sartre's Two Worlds
Authors: Cogan John M.
Published: April 2008

On Sartre's own admission, his account of the emotions discloses them as functional. As such, the emotions aim to serve a particular purpose for which he provides the phenomenology. Sartre's phenomenology discloses consciousness as being-in-the-world in two ways, actually as having two worlds. One is a deterministic world, the other magical. Emotion is the drop from the deterministic world to the magical. In order for emotion to perform the function Sartre has in mind it performs, it is crucial there be a certain tension between the deterministic world and the magical world. I argue that given what Sartre himself says about the magical world, the necessary tension can never arise; hence, no functional thesis of emotion is possible if it is formed along Sartre's lines.
The Hallucinatory Epoché1
Authors: Azorin Jean-Michel , Naudin Jean
Published: April 2008

This paper focuses on the phenomenological significance of schizophrenics' auditory hallucinations and begins with the face-to-face relationship in order to describe the schizophrenic experience. Following European psychiatrists like Blackenburg and Tatossian, the authors compare the bracketing of reality in the Husserlian phenomenological reduction with that of the hallucinatory experience. "Hallucinatory epoché" is used to refer to the schizophrenic way to experiencing auditory hallucinations. The problem of intentionality is then discussed, in addition to that of dialogue, internal time, living body, and intersubjectivity. In this way, "voices" appear as a modification of the own inner voice of the hallucinating person. The "other, " at the origin of the "voices, " is described in terms of transparence, the quality of being univocal, and the quality of being a priori in the perfect tense. This other is not an alter ego, "it" is an alius. Descriptions of hallucinatory voices at several levels of experience, that is, at the transcendental and empirical levels along with descriptions at the level of the life-world, may be at the basis of certain modern empirical theories of "voices. " Results obtained from the European phenomenological point of view and Hoffman's findings in the cognitive field are then compared. The authors finally discuss a case of "speech therapy" (based on Hoffman's work) and argue that a possible avenue for phenomenological research on schizophrenia is to explore narrativity on the basis of single case studies. One of the goals of phenomenological psychiatry is to assist empirical research in finding new relationships between the stories told by the hallucinator-relationships that are presupposed in clinical experience.
Concerning the Festive and the Mundane
Authors: van den Berg J.H.
Published: April 2008

The festive and the quotidian offer two fundamentally different perspectives on the human world. The quotidian attitude opens to us a workaday world structured by mental and physical barriers which require to be leveled or removed. The festive attitude gives access to a world of the threshold in which we play the role of host and guest and in which it is possible for things and living beings to make their personal appearance. Modernity can be understood as an era in which a quotidian, work-oriented attitude was made to dominate and reconfigure all areas of human existence and in which the festive was progressively removed from public, and finally from private life. The renewal of psychology requires a re-understanding and a re-integration of the festive dimension in our lives.
Integrating Neuroscience and Phenomenology in the Study of Consciousness
Authors: Ellis Ralph D.
Published: April 2008

Phenomenology and physiology become commensurable through a self-organizational physiology and an "enactive" view of consciousness. Self-organizing processes appropriate and replace their own needed substrata, rather than merely being caused by interacting components. Biochemists apply this notion to the living/nonliving distinction. An enactive approach sees consciousness as actively executed by an agent rather than passively reacting to stimuli. Perception does not result from mere stimulation of brain areas by sensory impulses; unless motivated organismic purposes first anticipate and "look for" emotionally relevant .stimuli, brain-sensory processing is not accompanied by perceptual consciousness. To see a soccer ball requires looking for it in the right place. The sell-organizing, emotionally motivated agent instigates this looking-for activity.
The Last God-A Reading
Authors: Stenstad Gail
Published: April 2008

The last withdraws itself from all reckoning.... how then will we be able to measure up to the unusual beckoning of the last god?1
New Inscriptions On Lead From Olbia
Authors: Vinogradov Yu G.
Published: April 2008

Inscriptions on lead plates form a distinct group in Greek Black Sea epigraphy. They include private messages containing information about the lives and condition of Greek settlers as well as more standard texts, such as incantations, which also widen our knowledge of the social and economic structure and legal practice of the Ionian apoikiai of the region. The two inscriptions published for the first time here are both spells, probably judicial and of the early Hellenistic period, and testify to the flourishing legal activity and business life of Olbia.
Investigations of a Pazyryk Barrow At Kuturguntas
Authors: POLOS'MAK N.V.
Published: April 2008

In the summer of 1991 excavation was made of the largest barrow of a complex at Kuturguntas in the Bertek hollow of the Altai Highlands. The fairly well-preserved log-roofed construction consisted of an outer burial chamber of blackened roughhewn logs, an inner chamber of worked timber, a sarcophagus made of a single large log, and a storeroom. The coffin and storeroom had been ransacked in antiquity, but surviving grave goods-which include fragments of fur clothing, felt applique, and metal and wooden objects-parallel those found in other Pazyryk graves. Two carved wooden ibex heads had however not been attested among Pazyryk grave goods elsewhere. The wealth of the people buried in such medium-sized barrows lay in the thoroughbred horses buried with them. The burial here of 10 horses had not been disturbed, although only the wooden bridle decorations of the principal 'master's horse' survive well. These again show the popularity of the griffin motif in Pazyryk art. Fragments of three wooden bridle decorations displaying anthropomorphic horned faces probably had a protective function and are linked by the author to the mongoloid Hsiunnu, near neighbours of the Pazyryk people, and to the eclectic receptivity of the Pazyryk people to diverse iconography borrowings from the Middle and Far East.
A Late Hellenistic Skyphos From Pergamon With Applique Reliefs From the Chrysaliskos Estate
Authors: Zhuravlev D.V.
Published: April 2008

The terra sigillata skyphos found in 1971 and bearing reliefs with erotic scenes is the only one of its kind from the Northern Black Sea coast. The vessel and its process of manufacture are analysed, the reliefs described and its origins traced to Pergamon at the end 2nd-first half 1st c. BC.
Slaves and Tyrants: Dutch Tribulations in Seventeenth-Century Mrauk-U
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay
Published: April 2008

This paper is concerned with the travails of the factors of the Dutch East India Company (or VOC) in the northern Burmese kingdom of Mrauk-U (or Arakan). The Dutch entered into trade in this rather obscure region, at the frontier of South and Southeast Asia, primarily owing to their interest in slaves, to be used in urban and rural settlements under their control in Indonesia. Dutch demand fed into the logic by which the Mrauk-U state from the latter half of the sixteenth century developed a formidable war-fleet, through which raids on the peasantry in eastern Bengal were conducted by Magh captains and Luso-Asian mercenaries, who collaborated with them. However, the whole commercial relationship was underwritten by a moral and cultural tension. The Dutch factors in their writings analysed here, insisted that the Mrauk-U kings were "tyrants," citing their slave trade as a key sign; a particular target for their attacks was the ruler Thado Mintara (r. 1645-52). Yet the Dutch too were complicit in the very same slave trade, and were perhaps even aware of their own "bad faith." For their part, the rulers of Mrauk-U regarded the Dutch with suspicion, while criticising their hypocrisy and double-dealing. Such tensions, negotiated through the 1630s and a part of the 1640s, eventually led the Dutch to withdraw from the trade, and then to re-establish tenuous contacts with some difficulty in the 1650s. The paper thus explores both the history of a form of hostile trade, and the process of the creation of mutual stereotypes, that went with the nature of commercial relations.
Judgments Sweetened: Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern Jewish Culture
Authors: Chajes J.H.
Published: April 2008

The century 1550-1650 has been called "the Age of the Demoniac" by European historians who have analyzed the prominent role played by the possessed in numerous witch-trials during this period, as well as the propagandistic uses of demonic possession in the era of the Counter-Reformation. Noting that accounts of demonic possession among Jews reappear in Jewish sources after an absence of more than a millennium precisely in this period (c. 1540), J. H. Chajes here assesses the nature of the relationship, if any, between the Christian phenomenon and its Jewish analogue. Chajes identifies many elements common to the Jewish and Christian constructions of the phenomenon and its treatment (exorcism). Many of these, however, are near universals as far as spirit possession is concerned; the emphasis in the Jewish construction of possession on reincarnation and the locus of the Jewish "proliferation" in Ottoman Galilee further complicates the positing of direct Christian influence upon the Jewish developments. Instead, Chajes suggests that the Jewish proliferation of spirit possession arose for reasons analogous to those which fueled the proliferation in Christian Europe. These include inter-religious rivalry, efforts to reform the religiosity of the masses, and efforts to enhance and strengthen clerical authority. Moreover, the idiom of possession served to express the frustrated sexuality of the victims (nearly all female), as well as the stresses associated with life in pietistic religious environments.
Useful To Have, But Difficult To Govern. Inns and Taverns in Early Modern Bern and Vaud
Authors: Kümin Beat
Published: April 2008

This essay examines the significance of inns and taverns in the early modern period. Drawing above all on a series of registers from the French and German lands of the Swiss Republic of Bern, the discussion is presented in two parts. A first section investigates structural aspects such as ownership, clientele, and the remarkably multifunctional character of these establishments. The second part illustrates the continuing growth in provision during the Ancien Régime and the limited impact of government regulation. It is argued that inns and taverns became the most prominent social centres in early modern local communities and that popular demand for their services prevailed over sustained campaigns to restrict numbers and discipline patrons.
The Medieval Inheritance of Manuel Puig and Severo Sarduy
Authors: Riobó Carlos
Published: April 2008

In summary, this essay explores the similarities between the works of Manuel Puig and Severo Sarduy, and primary and secondary medieval "works." Ultimately, the argument seeks to reevaluate the supposed "pre-modern age" and establish points of contact between medieval and post-modern aesthetics. We must consider the events and philosophies, inspired by similar crises, that helped to establish "traditional" medieval and Latin American studies and writing. Specific Spanish medieval works and traditions herein described lay bare certain qualities and interpretations that serve
Bernard, Explorer of the Muslim Lake: a Pilgrimage From Rome To Jerusalem, 867
Authors: Halevi Leor
Published: April 2008

Bernard the Monk's Itinerarium is a ten-page guidebook for pilgrims traveling from Rome and Bari to Babylon and Jerusalem. It has not been studied as a source for Mediterranean history. Bernard shows how the late ninth-century Mediterranean economy was characterized by religious ideology. Islam and Christianity acted differently in establishing the "ethos" of an economy of exchange. While Muslim law and authority channeled the exchange, Christian apocalypticism wished for its end. Bernard's apocalypticism was in particular a response to the Muslim occupation of southern Italy. Such a response has been regarded as typical of the "age of ignorance" about Islam. But Bernard was surprisingly knowledgeable, and his account illustrates a largely unknown chapter in the history of the Christian encounter with Islam.
"Slay Them Not": Augustine and the Jews in Modern Scholarship
Authors: Cohen Jeremy
Published: April 2008

This essay lays the historiographical foundation for a forthcoming book on ideas of the Jew in medieval Christianity, ideas which depended considerably on Augustine's doctrine of 'Jewish witness": the notion that the Jews served a vital testimonial function in a properly ordered Christian society. Following a brief explanation of the doctrine and its historical significance, attention turns to its treatment by its three most important investigators of the last half century: Bernhard Blumenkranz, a medieval historian; Marcel Dubois, an authority on medieval scholastic philosophy; and Paula Fredriksen, a scholar of patristics. In each case, the essay discusses the writer's contribution to the field, exploring his/her presuppositions and methodology and assessing the need for still further research.
It Must Be the End of Time: Apocalyptic Auadith as a Record of the Islamic Community's Reactions To the Turbulent First Centuries
Authors: Campbell Sandra
Published: April 2008

Over the last three decades, scholars have mined medieval apocalyptic literature for information about historical events. Although this has also been done for the Islamic apocalyptic literature, this article argues that the latter is better used to gain insight into pcople's responses to events rather than to chart the events themselves. This, in turn, allows us to better understand certain religious and political developments. For instance, the widespread fear and anxiety experienced by the early Muslim community, as evinced in the apocalyptic literature, appears to have led to the acceptance of the obligation, expressed in many Sunni creeds, to obey those in authority no matter how unjust they may be. The widespread acceptance of this quietist tenet is best understood as a response to the strife and discord that vexed the umma in the first centuries of Islamic history.
Reading By Said's Lantern: Orientalism and Chaucer's Treatise On the Astrolabe
Authors: Mead Jenna
Published: April 2008

This paper takes Edward Said's foundational critique of western discourses of knowledge about the orient as a way of intervening in the tradition of reading Chaucer's only scientific text, The Treatise on the Astrolabe. I argue for recognizing the "color" of Chaucer's originary text of "Messahala, an Arabian astronomer, by religion a Jew", and against naturalizing the Treatise as an "unmarked white" text. My argument is that there are cultural and political values at stake in Chaucer's pedagogical text.
He Says, She Says: Subjectivity and the Discourse of the Other in the Prioress's Portrait and Tale
Authors: Gaynor Stephanie
Published: April 2008

The Prioress's Portrait, Prologue, and Tale present a series of displacements in which Chaucer describes and ventriloquizes a sexual other, the Prioress, who, in her Tale, demonizes a "racialized" other, the Jews. Except that the incriminations against the Prioress are much more subtly suggested, she is not so unlike the Jews she depicts. Both are characterized, though in greatly differing degrees, by their sensuality, greed, bodiliness, proximity to filth, and their resistance to the Law. The categories Woman and Jew, both, are created out of a disavowal of lack, an attempt to fix or know difference; and yet, when they appear, they carry the charge of the unresolvable problem of difference, not so much between groups (men and women or Christians and Jews) but within them, raising for the authorized Christian subject, the burning question of his diflerence within. When the woman aspires to the position of the authorized Christian subject, she must also disavow her lack in language. A close look at the serial generation of others in the Prioress's Portrait, Prologue, and Tale will reveal the perpetual process of turning out what must be rejected (what is deemed impure, anti-social, sinful, bodily or "feminine") onto an other outside the category of Christianitas.
Margery Kempe and Medieval Anti-Judaic Ideology
Authors: Rosenthal Judith
Published: April 2008

Although Margery Kempe (1373-1440) probably never had regular contact with a Jewish person, she depicts the Jews as symbols of evil in her autobiographical Book. Despite the rebellious nature Kempe displays to patriarchal authorities in the church by refusing to behave as a nun, to wear black, or to remain in a cloister, she is entirely orthodox in portraying the Jews as Christkillers in her vision of the Crucifixion. This anti-Judaic ideology appears in the Gospels and in official doctrine, beginning with Augustine, continuing with Pope Gregory I the Great, and worsening with Aquinas and the Franciscan and Dominican friars in the lourteenth century. Medieval drama, especially the N-Town Passion Play (which Kempe may have seen) provides a striking analogue tor Kempe's vision at Calvary. Kempe, extraordinary in some ways, is entirely conventional in her dratnatiration of the Jewish soldiers as dcicides.
Von dem Tractatus de arte oratoria des Lucretius Bononiensis
Authors: Langer Gottfried
Published: April 2008

The recueil in the Marienbibliothek at Halle/Saale containing the Tractatus logicalis published by Jacob van Breda at Deventer some time after IO April 1497 (see previous article), also contains another text by the same printer, a Tractatus de arte oratoria, published in 1506. The author of this little work is stated to be a certain Lucretius Bononiensis. The edition has never been described. Earlier editions of this text, including one of c. 1485 also printed by Jacob van Breda, make no mention of the author's name. It is possible that Luctetius Bononiensis is a pseudonym. In a work by Johannes Barclajus (1582-1621) there is a mention of a certain Lucretius, as pseudonym for a Dutch linguist. Perhaps the two Lucretiuses refer to one and the same person. The addition of'Bononiensis' would indicate that this Dutchman had studied at Bologna. Who was hiding behind this pseudonym is not determinable on the basis of the Tractatus de arte oratoria.
Jan Tschichold 1902-74
Authors: Ovink G. Willem
Published: April 2008

Among the principles of typographic design in this century one may distinguish two groups - decorative and functional - and among the latter a traditional and an anti-traditional wing. It was Tschichold who, by the example of his design work and by his theoretical writings, spread both branches of functionalism most effectively, with a more widespread influence than that exerted by their first theorists - Stanley Morison and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy respectively. How could he preach first revolution and then tradition with the same vehement and apodictic conviction and yet make splendid designs in both systems? The link between the two opposites is impeccable functionalistic workmanship mostly in different fields: first in advertising, then in book production.
Henry van de Velde
Authors: Baudin Fernand
Published: April 2008

In Quaerendo, 1 (1971), pp. 164-81 and 2 (1972), pp. 55-73 I analysed Henry van de Velde's first steps as typographer, including, in particular, his role in the designing of the avant-garde Flemish magazine Van Nu en Straks (founded 1893) in the earliest years of the Art Nouveau movement. My conclusion was that the typographical design was the work of a collective, possibly with Elskamp and Van Rijsselberghe, and that the ornaments alone were the work of Van de Velde and Van de Velde only. In Verslagen en Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taalen Letterkunde, 1977, No. 1, pp. 109-44, P.J. Lissens describes three proofs and a copy of a prospectus for Van Nu en Straks which he found in the Museum of Flemish Culture in Antwerp. In this prospectus Van de Velde is named as the magazine's art director. According to Lissens this indicates that contrary to what I suggest in Quaerendo, Van de Velde was responsible for the typography. In the magazine itself, however, Van de Velde's name does not appear. Why not? The editor of Van Nu en Straks, August Vermeylen, was short of both time and cash, but still demanded high standards. The first proof of the prospectus, set by the Antwerp printer Buschmann, he rejected, substituting for it a new design by Van de Velde. The latter, however, kept making changes and was always dreaming of a new type-face of his own (which would take years of preparation). The whole thing was beginning to drag on too long for Vermeylen's liking, and in addition it was costing too much. Typographical compromises had to be made for the magazine itself, to which Van de Velde very probably declined to lend his name. Despite the fact that the newly discovered documents shed new light on various details, I hold fast to my original view - including my contention that the Brussels printer Deman and possibly Theo van Rijsselberghe were the first in Belgium to strike out in a new typographic direction.
Thomas vander Noot en zijn Spieghel der behoudenessen (c. 1508)
Authors: Cockx-Indestege Elly
Published: April 2008

This article, in which the author describes a Brussels post-incunabulum in all its details and from all angles, complements the article to appear in the Liber amicorum Herman Liebaers (at press), in which the text and its author are discussed. The didactic moralizing poem Den Spieghel der behoudenessen by the Brussels rhetorician [rederijker] Jan Smeken - whose name appears in an acrostic in the text- was printed by Thomas vander Noot in Brussels in about 1508. Only one copy is known to have survived, and is now in the unversity library in Hamburg, but there the trail ends. The paper has no watermark and is of inferior quality. The text is abundantly decorated with woodcuts, which were not chosen at random but purposely made or selected for the job. The ten large ones are intended as illustration of the text, without which they are meaningless. The twenty smaller ones serve as a guide in the contemplation of the Passion of Christ; the illustrated episodes from the Passion generally go together with two prototypes from the Old Testament. The Speculum Humanae Salvationis, which was known in several Latin and Dutch editions at the beginning of the sixteenth century, was almost certainly known to the author of the Spieghel. The cutter of the large blocks took advantage of the circumstance that the same block could be used several times as a frame for a varying number of smaller blocks which could be fitted into the larger block as an insert and could later be removed. The repeated use of one block, sometimes on one sheet, sometimes at various places in a single gathering, was a factor which the printer had to allow for in the imposition of the pages. Some pages have too much or too little text, without any sign of a way of remedying the defect. These last two observations lead to the conclusion that the text was very probably set forme by forme.
A study of the printer Simon Steenbergen († 1596) of Deventer
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. , Vermaseren B.A.
Published: April 2008

Simon Steenbergen spent all his working life as a printer at Deventer, while his place and date of birth are unknown. By his marriage in 1551 or early 1552 he became brother-in-law of Richard II Paffrae(d)t. His earliest publications date from 1557 and concern two small contemplative works, viz. The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis and The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius. In 1564 Steenbergen had a punning printer's device which was in use only until 1566/7. At that time he reprinted three Emden publications: these were of Protestant character and it is to be assumed that thenceforth he adhered to the new doctrine. Two of these editions were intended for Antwerp, but were intercepted by the Roman Catholic High Sheriff of Utrecht and destroyed. In 1566/7 Lutheranism was tolerated at Deventer next to Catholicism. During the next thirty years the city became in turn again Catholic, then Calvinist, again Catholic and finally, in 1591, Calvinist for good. To judge from his publications, Steenbergen changed course as the situation required. It is therefore specially noteworthy that in 1588, when the city was Catholic, he published the Penitential Psalms with the litany of All Saints in Spanish, the
The editorial practice of a sixteenth-century scholar printer
Authors: Boers A.A.
Published: April 2008

The author examines the question of whether Geert Morrhe, a Dutch printer who worked in Paris in 1530-2, can be accounted one of the Paris scholar printers of the first half of the sixteenth century. The article begins with a discussion of what information can be gained about his editorial practice from Morrhe's letters and prefaces, and then draws parallels between Morrhe's prefaces and those of Aldus Manutius. Finally two books printed by Morrhe are examined in greater detail, changes from the text of the printed copy being described. The variants show that Morrhe tried to correct errors offending against the rules of classical Latin. In his edition of a speech by Johannes Stratius changes in the text have been made by the compositor due to a misunderstanding, while in the edition of Johannes Lichtenberger's Prognosticatio there is a change that is indicative of Morrhe's dislike of the orthodox theologians of Paris.
Two early cases of publication by subscription in Holland and Germany: Jacob Abendana's Mikhlal Yophi (1661) and David Cohen de Lara's Keter Kehunna (1668)*
Authors: Wim Wesselius Jan , Van Rooden Peter T.
Published: April 2008

Publication by subscription is a sales technique developed in England in the seventeenth century. It was probably not introduced to the German-speaking countries until after 1725. The first hitherto known instances in the Netherlands date from after 1680. The article describes the publication of two linguistic works by Sephardic Jews which are the earliest known examples of works published by subscription in Holland and Germany. The first of the works concerned is the Hebrew Mikhlal Yophi, a commentary on the Bible of which an edition prepared by Jacob Abendana appeared in Amsterdam in 1662. An exchange of letters between Abendana and Antonius Hulsius is indicative of the former's attempts at recruiting subscribers. Abendana's efforts concentrated on Leiden, where in about 1660 he, his brother Isaac and the rabbi David Cohen de Lara, formerly of Hamburg, were living as private Hebrew tutors and booksellers. Abendana used an approbation of his book by the Leiden professors Cocceius, Heidanus and Uchtmannus to support his request for permission to dedicate his work to the States General. This was a more conventional way of acquiring funds from the state. At the same time the dedication, the approbation and a letter from the Basle Hebraist Johan Buxtorf jun. were intended to smooth the book's path to the Christian reading public. A case is also presented for the publication by subscription of David Cohen de Lara's Keter Kehunna (Hamburg 1668). Cohen de Lara's initiative goes back to the example set by Abendana, who, in turn, probably borrowed the idea from the London Polyglot. Finally some observations are presented concerning the conspicuous popularity of this method of publishing with Sephardic Jews interested in language. A comparison with the events surrounding the appearance of the Dutch translation of Athanasius Kircher's Mundus subterraneus, subscriptions for which were opened in 1678, makes it probable that Abendana's work was one of the first ever to be published by subscription.
The dating of the Fasciculus Temporum manuscript in Arnhem Public Library
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. , Martens Johan C.
Published: April 2008

The comparison of a manuscript of the Fasciculus Temporum of 1473 with the authorised printed edition of 1474 of this chronicle has brought important details to light concerning the layout of an unknown original which served as a model for that edition which, with more or less success, was followed tens of times by the early printers.
The Van Oldenborch and Vanden Merberghe pseudonyms or Why Frans Fraet had to die Part two
Authors: Valkema Blouw Paul
Published: April 2008

The names Niclaes van Oldenborch and Magnus vanden Merberghe van O(e)sterhout have long presented historians of the Dutch book with a problem. They appear as imprints in two series of, mostly theological, publications in the vernacular, published respectively in the third and fourth decade of the sixteenth century and in the 1550s. Owing to the attributions of Dr Kronenberg, the distinguished expert in the field, the Van Oldenborch production swelled into a list of almost forty publications, a substantial part of the Protestant works to have been issued in the period. She was convinced of the man's historicity and continued to insist on it even after serious doubts had arisen about the accuracy of the principal piece of information on which she based her views. Further research now proves that, as had already been suggested earlier, Van Oldenborch was indeed a pseudonym, used by more than one printer in Antwerp and presumably also in Kampen. A total of seven, if not of eight, publishers adopted it at various times. Vanden Merberghe, too, was a fake imprint, but only one printer seems to have concealed his identity with it: Frans Fraet in Antwerp. Hitherto he was known exclusively for his literary work, even if he was reputed to have been executed for the publication of prohibited books in 1558. The production that actually led to so severe a sentence remained a riddle, however. The results of this research also show that nearly all the 'Van Oldenborch' publications which Dr Kronenberg regarded as post-incunabula appeared after 1540 and that a number of them can even be dated later than 1550. She placed the entire group notably too early. We can assume that this revision will be of consequence for the chronology of the Reformation in the Low Countries in so far as it depended on the diffusion of the new religious ideas in printed form.
The oldest Dutch commercial œuvre lists in print
Authors: OP 'T HOF W.J.
Published: April 2008

Book lists in early books are a well-known phenomenon. Yet they have still received little scholarly attention. In this article, one particular type is named, classified, and its origins and early history investigated: the commercial oeuvre list. This is a list of all available books written, translated, or edited by the author of the publication in which the list appears, and commercially issued by the relevant publisher. As a result of this last attribute, the list also came to function as an announcement of forthcoming publications. Properly considered, the commercial oeuvre list formed an entirely new development in the advertising technique of the book trade: the reader elevated from purchaser to a determining factor for the advertisement. The first to make use of such a list was the Amsterdam publisher Marten Jansz Brandt. In 1622, he issued the earliest known commercial oeuvre list. It concerned the popular and prolific writer, Willem Teellinck, father of the Dutch Reformed pietist movement, the Further Reformation. Given the concordance between the anthropological leanings of Teellinck's writings and the user-friendliness of the new form of advertising, it is no surprise to find them linked. At any rate, Brandt aimed at a specific reading-public: that of the pietist readers. Over a period of more than forty years, no less than fifteen lists appeared concerned with Teellinck's works. The longest contained 53 items. This long duration and large number of lists and items make it possible to study the various developments of the commercial oeuvre list in the first period of its existence. It turns out that the content was regularly updated up to and including the tenth list (1647) in accordance with what was in stock, and a reprint was introduced as soon as an edition was sold out. Brandt was responsible for eight of the fifteen known lists. The publishers Anthony de Later in Vlissingen and Theunis Jacobszoon Lootsman in Amsterdam followed his example in 1632 and 1647 respectively. For all three, when they first introduced commercial lists of Teellinck's works, it was a case of wanting to become his regular publisher. In other words, behind such lists were not only booksellers' but also publishers' interests. Oeuvre lists serve as trustworthy evidence to identify an author, translator, or editor of anonymous or pseudonymous publications. They therefore demand an intensive and far-reaching study. The register of book lists in books at the STCN office of the Royal Library, The Hague, recently made accessible, can therefore be of great service. That three of the fifteen lists examined - including the oldest! - are known only from copies in private hands, indicates in addition that these locations can't be left out of consideration in future research.
Ploos van Amstel and Christian Josi; two generations of printmakers working in the artful imitation of drawings
Authors: De Luise Alexandra
Published: April 2008

One of the most notable works in the history of color printing is, Collection d'Imitations de dessins, d'après les principaux maîtres hollandais et flamands commencée par C. Ploos van Amstel, continuée et portée au nombre de cent morceaux, published in London in 1821. The work's importance lies in its 104 prints, which are facsimiles of drawings and watercolors by Flemish and Dutch artists of the seventeenth century. The prints so carefully reproduce the chalk and brush lines of the originals in a mechanically printed form, that they are frequently mistaken for drawings. The prints pose various questions as to who Ploos and Josi were; the role that they and their assistants played in the occupation of reproducing prints from drawings during this active period of printmaking experimentation, and the achievement that this publication represented in the nineteenth century, at a time when Holland was overcome by the adversities of war.
The library of Hendrik Gabriël van Gameren, Bishop of Antwerp (1700-75)
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C.
Published: April 2008

Little is known of the books belonging to private owners in eighteenth-century Antwerp. This article describes the library of one of the prelates of the city; numerous other studies will have to be published before a reliable overview can be provided. Before he was appointed Bishop of Antwerp in 1758 Hendrik Gabriël van Gameren had been a professor in the Theological Faculty of Louvain University. In this capacity he had, among other things, collaborated on the new edition of 'Duhamel's Bible' (Louvain 1740). Otherwise Van Gameren played no distinguished part in society either as a professor or as a bishop. He was however a close friend of the highest official in the country, Patrice-François de Neny; it seems very probable that he shared the latter's Jansenist convictions. There are two documents which allow us an insight into his collection of books: a printed auction catalogue (Louvain 1775) and the ledger of the Louvain auctioneer-bookseller Jan Frans van Overbeke. The latter organised the auction of Van Gameren's library and carefully noted in a register the names of buyers and the prices obtained. He furthermore indicated which of the titles in the catalogue had really belonged to Van Gameren. These sources disclose that Van Gameren possessed a scholarly library of only limited extent (550 titles) which consisted almost exclusively of theological, church-historical and canon law books. The authors most represented were Karel van den Abeele, J.B. Thiers and Louis Maimbourg. But polemical literature concerning the Jesuit problem and Jansenism was also widely represented. The books were mostly of Southern Netherlandish and French origin. It is further noticeable that they are mostly recent works, especially in Latin or French, far fewer in Dutch. And although the Bishop's exlibris is known, he does not appear to have been a true bibliophile. The limited and single-track nature of the collection and the complete absence of any works in connexion with the Enlightenment lead to the assumption that the Bishop's heirs did not send his complete library to auction. To gain a definite answer to this we would have to dispose of an estate inventory. Regrettably no such document has been preserved.
Bookbindings from Nijmegen: 1475-1550
Authors: Van Dongen Gerrie A.M.
Published: April 2008

A group of twenty-four bookbindings from the last quarter of the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century can be identified as very likely executed by bookbinders in Nijmegen. Most of these manuscripts and early printed books contain contemporary ownership inscriptions from people or religious institutions in Nijmegen. Most of the bindings were tooled between ca. 1475 and 1527 with characteristic separate tools whose impressions appear on the bindings in different combinations. The fastenings and the penwork added by hand also support the assignment of these bindings to a single group. Around 1527, the binders switched to the use of rolls, still found in use as late as 1548.
Zur Reproduktionsgeschichte mittelalterlicher Schriftformen und Miniaturen in der Neuzeit Teil II: Die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Klamt Johann-Christian
Published: April 2008

With the growing enthusiasm for medieval art and architecture during the first half of the 19th century also miniature painting gained larger attention by scholars in various parts of Western Europe. In the wake of great ancestors as Mabillon and Bessel - and still indebted to them - those men discussed and copied medieval miniatures with an astonishing sensibility for both the artistic detail and the historical background. But also these protagonists - with their manifold intentions and their endeavour for the spreading of fac-similes - can be caught manipulating - unconsciously or consciously - the original. Finally, it was the medium of photography which guaranteed 'objective' reproductions of miniatures, for the benefit of research in modern sense.
The Evolution of a European Perspective on Disability Legislation
Authors: Degener Theresia , Hendriks Aart
Published: April 2008

In this article a comparison is made between various disability theories and their impact on European disability and health legislation. The official disability theories focus on the individual with disabilities. Legislation that emanates from these medically inspired theories has been shown to be inaccurate and inadequate in finding appropriate solutions for disability issues. Alternative theories have developed in response. These theories emphasize the importance of the interrelationship between individuals and their environment. In parallel, new disability legislation and programmes have evolved that acknowledge the social and human rights aspects of disability issues. Up until now health lawyers have played a minor role in the disability debate. They are strongly invited to join the many ongoing discussions. It is felt that their input is particularly needed with respect to a number of issues presently at the forefront of medicine, ethics and law.
The Enquiry Into Further Use of Human Tissue: Questions on the Answers
Authors: Serrao D.
Published: April 2008

The enquiry points to a number of aspects that need clarification, for instance the quality and the level of the public debate, public opinion on the necessity of detailed legislation on the topic and the position of different countries toward the international dimension of the matter.
The Role of the Judge in Advancing Human Rights - Knight Errant or Slot Machine Automation?
Authors: Kirby Justice Michael
Published: April 2008

In this paper, the author deals with the "role" of judges in "advancing" human rights. He cautions that the needs of different countries will vary. He starts with a reference to the recent failure of Judge Robert Bork to secure confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States. Bork had been a long time proponent of judicial restraint in the interpretation of the Bill of Rights, urging that protection of human rights should normally be left to the democratically accountable branches of government - the executive and the legislature. After reviewing the theoretical and practical arguments for and against judicial restraint, the author states his own conclusions. These are that, especially where there is a constitutional charter of rights and particularly in common law countries, judges have an inescapable function in developing the law. Their decisions necessarily advance their view of human rights. In human rights cases, they may nowadays receive assistance from international statements of human rights and the jurisprudence developing around such statements. The author appeals for an international approach but acknowledges that this will be difficult for lawyers, traditionally jurisdiction bound. But he warns that there are limits to the activism of the judiciary in controversial human rights cases. Judges themselves do well to recognise these limits both for their legitimacy and their effectiveness. An important modern challenge to the judiciary is that of resolving this dilemma between the pressures for restraint and the urgency of action.