bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Hypothyroidism from Birth to One Year of Age Follow up: A Longitudinal
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine, Paediatric Department, Zangana Kawes Omer
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism is the commonest neonatal endocrine disorder and most common treatable causes of mental retardation. The study aimed to find out the important clinical presentations of congenital hypothyroidism at onset of diagnosis and their response to treatment over first year of life. Methods: A longitudinal study conducted in Rapareen Paediatric Hospital, from April, 1st 2015 to May, 1st 2018. The study enrolled 38 neonates and infants with congenital hypothyroidism who divided in two groups, according to the age of presentation. Those presented in the first four weeks of life, and those presented after four weeks of age. Clinical features documented and tests done for all cases in the form of T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone at presentation, and repeated each month for three months, then every three months for one year. Thyroxin started in standard doses of 10–15 mcg/kg/day once a day and titrated to keep T4 level in the normal upper range. Assessment of all growth parameters development was done at each visit. Results: Mean age of presentation was 27(±19) days.Clinical presentations were, large fontanel in 33(86.84%), feeding difficulties 32(84.21%), and large head 17(44.73%),prolonged neonatal jaundice 29(76.31%). All growth parameters showed improvement after three to six months of treatment in both groups, but there was a significant delay in social and language development in-group two. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial, those received treatment in early life showed near normal growth and development.
Cardiotoxicity in Children With Acute Ieukemia Treated by Anthracycline; Detected by Cardiac Troponins and Echcocardiography
Authors:   M. B. Ch. B, Board candidate of pediatrics, Abdulqader Yaran Abbas , Al-Ani Mouroge Hashim ,   M. B. Ch. B/ C.A.B.P. Professor of pediatrics, at Hawler Medical University, Mahmood Nadine Abdulrazzak ,   M. B. Ch. B/C.A.B.P/D.Ch (Pediatric cardiology), Hawler Medical University
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives:the use of anthracycline antineoplastic agents has conducted to improved pediatric malignancies’ outcomes, yet their use is limited by their potential cardiotoxic effects. Thus, children who have received anthracyclines require cardiac evaluation periodically. The serum levels of cardiac troponins have been shown to be elevated in response to severity of cardiac dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of serum levels of cardiac troponin and echocardiography as sensitive markers for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in children with malignancy. Methods:we carried out this study at Nanakali Hospital, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology unit. We measured plasma high sensitive cardiac troponin T in 24 patients who received anthracyclines for their malignancy at cumulative doses of 75-310mg/m2, between Feb 2017 and Feb 2018. Evaluation of the patients for cardiac functions included physical examination, chest X-ray and echocardiography in addition to cardiac troponins. Results: Of the 24 patients, 3 (12.5%) had abnormal cardiac functions by echocardiography. Serum troponin level in two of them was significantly elevated. Physical findings of the patients were significant. Chest X-ray in 2 (8.3%) showed radiological findings. Conclusions: Serum troponin concentration and Echocardiography may be practical and sensitive indicator of abnormal cardiac function in children receiving anthracycline therapy.
Influence of Vitamin D and IgE Levels on Recurrent wheezy Chest in Children under Two Years of Age; A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study
Authors:   SHO of pediatrics in Raparin Teaching Hospital, Saeed Mohammed Hasan , Zangana Kawes Omer ,   Assistant Professor in Pediatric at Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine pediatric department
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Wheezing is a common presenting symptom of respiratory disease in children. Thirty percent of children experience at least one acute wheezing illness before the age of three years, and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, the most frequent causes of wheezing are bronchiolitis and asthma. Recurrent wheezing has significant morbidity. It is estimated that about one third of children manifest symptoms during the first years of life. Vitamin D is fat soluble and its role is helping growth of bone and function of immunity is crucial. IgE has essential role in type I hypersensitivity reaction like allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and others. Our study aimed to estimate serum vitamin D and IgE level in infants and children less than 2 years of age with recurrent wheeze. Methods:This case control study was carried in Raparin teaching hospital in Erbil city where we estimated serum levels of vitamin D and IgE of 50 children documented to have recurrent wheeze of more than 2 attacks in comparison to 50 normal children. Results: Vitamin D level was deficient in both groups with no significant difference in vitamin D and IgE levels between both groups. Conclusions:The study revealed that vitamin D was low in both studied groups and there was no clear relation between vitamin D deficiency and IgE level with recurrent wheezy chest.
SÍNDROME CONGÊNITA DO VÍRUS ZIKA: UM OLHAR CLÍNICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
Authors: Silva Taisa Pereira Cruz Costa , De Lima Maricelia Maia , Silva Ludmilla Cruz Costa , Costa Bernardo Gratival Gouvêa , De Siqueira Isadora Cristina , De Cerqueira Erenilde Marques
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo objetiva analisar a ocorrência da Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika, clínica e epidemiologicamente na microrregião centro norte da Bahia. Estudo de corte transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 32 participantes (mães e filhos) residentes na região do estudo, no período de abril a maio de 2019, por meio de formulário de coleta e exames sorológicos para detecção de anticorpos anti-Zika. As mulheres realizaram o pré-natal (100%), com 5-6 consultas; exames de imagens (94,1%), 58,8% com alterações fetais; não realizaram sorologias para arboviroses (100%); doenças pré-existentes: cardiopatia e asma; uso de Buscopam e Paracetamol (17,65%), ácido fólico e sulfato ferroso (82,35%); contato com agrotóxico e pesticidas (11,8%), álcool (5,9%) e todas negaram o uso de drogas ilícitas; ultrassom Transfontanela (52,9%); sintomas: dor de cabeça (63,6%), no 1º trimestre (63,3%). Conclui-se que há forte evidência de alterações congênitas, de parte das crianças do estudo, relacionadas à Síndrome Congênita pelo vírus Zika.
PROJETO PROFISSIONAL DE VIDA DO(A) JOVEM MFR E CFR E SUAS PARTICULARIDADES
Authors: Fedrigo Lariane
Published: April 2023

Esse trabalho busca apresentar as particularidades de uma MFR e CFR na educação do campo. Criada na França na década de 1930, a Pedagogia da Alternância busca promover a formação integral e fomentar a permanência de adolescentes e jovens em suas propriedades rurais. Metodologicamente, organiza-se em ciclos alternados entre tempo-casa e tempo-escola, de modo a possibilitar ao estudante a vivência tanto no ambiente escolar quanto no espaço familiar e comunitário. Isso ocorre por meio da adoção de um modelo educativo peculiar, organizado em instrumentos pedagógicos, para maior articulação entre as problemáticas e experiências da vida cotidiana com os saberes científico-curriculares próprios da escola de educação básica. Um destes instrumentos pedagógicos é o Projeto Profissional de Vida do(a) Jovem (PPVJ), que visa contribuir para a formação de um sujeito protagonista, que valorize o trabalho no campo e que seja capaz de encontrar soluções sustentáveis para o desenvolvimento de sua família e de sua comunidade. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as contribuições do PPVJ no desenvolvimento do protagonismo juvenil e da permanência do campo dos jovens atendidos pelas Casas Familiares Rurais (CFRs) do Brasil e Maisons Familiales Rurales (MFRs) da França. De abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de um estudo de campo, efetivado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com egressos das instituições de ensino selecionadas. Os dados indicam que o desenvolvimento do instrumento pedagógico do Projeto Profissional de Vida do(a) Jovem (PPVJ), no âmbito da CFR e MFR, tem correspondido às expectativas dos jovens atendidos, contribuindo para sua permanência e para sua atuação protagonista no campo.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Urban Growth in Denizli, Turkey
Authors: PARTİGÖÇ Nur Sinem
Published: April 2023

The existence of natural resources is under threat among various land use types because of the urban sprawl regarding the increase of population density such as forests, pastures, agricultural areas, water resources, etc. These resources have been lost significantly due to differentiating factors such as disasters, physical pressure originating from urbanization and development dynamics, irreversible use of resources, etc. Among these resources, especially agricultural areas in different abilities from I to III are affected primarily from the non-agricultural use of agricultural areas. The main purpose of study is to determine the spatiotemporal variations of urban growth using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques in central districts of Denizli city. The satellite images presenting the spatial changes due to urban growth in central districts (Merkezefendi and Pamukkale districts) between the years 1990 - 2018 and also 1/25.000 scaled topographic maps are used. As a result, it is observed that the existing urban macroform have changed and the misuse of natural resources have increased significantly in the 30-years period. These uses have changed in accordance with urban plan decisions based on the site selection of industrial areas and main transport routes. The effects of urban sprawl are evaluated in terms of urban planning discipline and important policies are developed in order to prevent the misuse of natural resources under threat of urbanization.
Classification of Risks in Real Estate Development Business
Authors: Khumpaisal Sukulpat
Published: April 2023

Risks generally denote the negative impact to the real estate project’s progression in regard to these will affect to the construction schedule, project cost and the quality of the products. This article highlights the importance, consequences and impacts of risks in the real estate development projects. This article also classifies risks in the general business, and then focus specifically on those in the real estate business, then it provides the academic and practitioners term of risks as well as define the risks those involve in the real estate business. The risk classifications in this article will be used to support and establish the risk assessment criteria based on the definitions of Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political factors or STEEP factor, which is popularly used in the general and real estate business.
Buddhista pszichológia
Authors: Tóth György
Published: April 2023

„Tulajdonképpen nincs értelme a címnek, csak akkor, ha a pszichológiát a nyugati világ által használt fogalmak alapján akarjuk tárgyalni. Nyilván az időszámítás előtti 2–3. században ez a fogalom még nem létezett. Ugyanakkor, mint látni fogjuk, a Buddha és követői már nagyon is tisztában voltak a tudatnak és az önismeretnek személyiség-meghatározó szerepével, illetve azokkal a módszerekkel, melyek közvetlenül ennek felderítésére, kedvező irányba történő megváltoztatására irányulnak. A buddhista pszichológia elsősorban az önismeretre koncentrál annak érdekében, hogy megértsük döntéseinket, cselekedeteinket, gondolatainkat és érzéseinket.”
Ze nyelv / Zen jel: V
Authors: Némethy András
Published: April 2023

„Ha elfogadjuk, hogy a zen voltaképpen tudatkutatás, a tudat tudománya, úgy egy nyelv megalkotása egyfajta tudományos játék – ha úgy tetszik gyakorlás vagy kutatómunka is lehet –, hiszen a semmiből hozunk létre egy új világot. Egy olyan világot, amit mi szeretnénk; amely aztán – ha megfelelően alkalmazzuk – képes lesz azt a világot leírni, amit szeretnénk általa bemutatni. Jelen írásomban egy ilyen nyelv megalkotásával kapcsolatos problémákat szeretném körbejárni, illetve a létrehozás előtt és közben felvetődő megannyi kérdésre szeretnék rávilágítani. Olyan kérdésekre, melyek a nyelvek és a nyelvészet témakörén messze túlmutatnak.”
Miért hiszünk olyan dolgokban, amelyek nem igazak?
Authors: Tátrai Tibor
Published: April 2023

„A közelmúltban, böngészés közben felkeltette a figyelmemet a fenti című videó (Why do we believe things that aren’t true? | Philip Fernbach | TEDxMileHigh 2017. szept. 13.) Az előadó Philip Fernbach, kognitív tudós, professzor a Leeds Business School-ban a Colorado Egyetemen, Boulderben. Az alábbiakban összefoglalom az előadás tartalmát, amelynek mondanivalója talán aktuálisabb, mint elhangzásakor. Arra gondoltam, hogy közösségünk tagjai, valamint érdeklődő olvasóink az előadást megtekintve, vagy e cikket elolvasva hasznosítani tudják az itt leírt gondolatokat. Ez is hozzájárulhat meditációnk, beszélgetéseink, vitáink színvonalának emeléséhez, és ezen keresztül önmagunk és a bennünket körülvevő modern világ teljesebb megértéséhez”
Relationship Between Widowhood and Psychological Health of Widows in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Akinyi Mudis Pamela
Published: April 2023

Despite the inevitability of death, the loss of a spouse comes with diverse psychological burden ranging from intense anguish, helplessness, deep pain, mourning and anxiety. Worldwide and even in Kenya, widowhood; the loss of a spouse through death is on the rise. The heightened stress that comes with death may be detrimental to psychological wellbeing of the remaining spouse. The objective of the current study is to assess the relationship between widowhood and psychological health of widows in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County, Kenya. The sampling technique used was purposive in nature. This enabled the researcher to sample 50 widows in Kisumu East Sub County. The study used mixed method research design, which includes quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires and scheduled interviews were used to gather information from the respondents. The researcher conducted a one-on-one session with the widows to be able to get further information on their psychological health. The study findings show that widowhood is correlated to psychological health as it leads to poor psychological health of widows. The study recommends that widows should be sensitized on the need to strive for good psychological health either by seeking counseling or joining widows support programs in the community to help them cope with psychological health challenges that comes with the death of a spouse. It is also recommended that counselors and non-governmental organization should aid in establishing widow support networks in Kisumu East Sub County. Through local campaigns, widows should be encouraged to share their experiences and speak with one voice in regard to their psychological health.
The Analysis of the Ways of Cultivating Students’ Humanistic Quality
Authors: Liu Yong , Liu Lin , Wang Tao , Liu Yanxia
Published: April 2023

The realistic factors and the state’s high attention to the humanistic education of contemporary students have become a strong motive force for us to actively build the platform of humanistic education on the campus of contemporary colleges. The teachers have done some of the ability of college students humanistic literacy education. One of the main aims of higher education is to educate students’ humanistic quality, improving their cultural quality and cultivating their sound personality. In college education, we can tap the potential of rich cultural implication by language teaching, widening communication channels in the construction of home page of campus network and permeating humanistic literacy education with Chinese and foreign literary classics to cultivate the humanistic quality of college students. So that the college students have both scientific literacy and rich humanistic spirit. Through the university education, we make the beneficial attempt to carry on the humanities literacy education by the humanities literacy education platform construction and so on. Strengthening the cultural liberal education of university students is an important measure to deepen the teaching reform further and improve the quality of university education.
Research on the Path of Deep Integration of Party Building and Business of Grassroots Party Organizations in Colleges and Universities—Take the Party Committee of the School of Automotive Engineering as an Example
Authors: Bo Chuansha , Liu Shumin , Chen Ruirui
Published: April 2023

On the basis of grasping the research background and research significance of the integration of party building and business of grassroots party organizations in colleges and universities, this paper uses the method of combining literature collation with field investigation, theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to grasp the connotation and importance of the deep integration of party building and business of grassroots party organizations in colleges and universities, so as to lay the theoretical basis for this topic. At the same time, the actual situation of the integration of party building and business of the party committee of the School of Automotive Engineering was investigated and interviewed, and the results and existing problems of the current integration of party building and business were objectively analyzed, and on this basis, a more comprehensive path strategy of deep integration of party building and business of grassroots party organizations in colleges and universities was formed.
Fear: The Roots of Dehumanization Among Human Beings
Authors: Zhang Yuting
Published: April 2023

Currently available research on dehumanization suggests that the antecedents of dehumanization can be attributed to two intrinsic causes at the cognitive and emotional levels, and three extrinsic causes at the level of power of others, external threats, and social relations. Such behavior of dehumanization and objectification of others, where we spend some attention to discover the common ground, may eventually lead us in one direction: Fear. When a person feels weak and threatened, he/she tends to do things that don’t see others as human beings to vent their aggression. In modern civilization, all human behavior stems from only two different, most fundamental motives, one of which is motivated by love and one by fear. Love is a product of the evolution of the human mind and consciousness, while fear governs the most basic physiological and survival needs of human beings.
High-Tech Accreditation, Technology Spillover, and Innovation
Authors: Zhao Xiaojuan
Published: April 2023

Innovation is the foundation of business survival. The two primary factors that impede enterprise innovation are funding limitations and technology spillover. China’s continuous qualification recognition of high-tech enterprises provides financial subsidies to supported enterprises, thereby resolving a portion of the problem of financing constraints. This paper establishes the duopoly Cournot competition model and incorporates technology spillover into the research process of government subsidies and enterprise innovation R&D. It has been discovered that government subsidies can increase the innovation input of enterprises in proportion to the magnitude of the technology spillover effect and the marginal technology efficiency. In addition, utilizing China’s A-share listed companies in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2021 as the research object, this paper develops a fixed-effect model to conduct an empirical test of the specific impact of high-tech enterprise qualification recognition in Shandong Province on enterprise innovation. The test results indicate that recognizing the qualifications of high-tech businesses is advantageous for boosting the innovation level of businesses. Nevertheless, this type of industrial policy has a more evident stimulative effect on catering innovation.
Farmers’ Perception towards Agricultural Pesticides and Associated Human Health Impact in Misrak Badawacho Woreda, Ethiopia
Authors: Misebo Tsegaye Dobamo , Wanore Denebo Sebaro , Gute Rediet Markos , Badulo Tesfaye Lamore , Ayano Wondimu Ersino
Published: April 2023

Pesticides are applied to control weeds and insect infestation in agricultural fields and various pests and disease carriers. As the modes of action for pesticides are not species-specific, concerns have been raised about risks associated with their exposure through various routes. The main objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception towards agricultural pesticides and associated human health impact in Misrak Badawacho Woreda, Ethiopia. Community-based cross-sectional study was used to assess farmers’ perception towards agricultural pesticides and associated human health impact. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics were used during this study. About 361 study subjects completed the questionnaires. Among the studies subjects (81%) of them were males and 19% were females. The results showed that commonly applied pesticides comprised of herbicides (55%), fungicides (28%), Veterinary control (14%) and insecticides (3%). About 54% of the farm workers were used normal clothe, 17% were used boots,11% were used eye glass, 8% were used handkerchief, 3% were used mask and 2% were used Cotton during pesticide application. From total study subjects 38% do not follow instructions during pesticide application and 55% reuse pesticide containers for storing food and water in the home. Majority (93%) reported that they had suffered from pesticide-related health signs and symptoms during or after application of pesticides. Itching and skin irritation was the common symptom (74%) followed by headache (68%) during pesticide application. Generally the Farm workers had poor handling practices during pesticide application. Therefore continuous pesticide training programs for workers could be implemented.
HOLLYWOOD MOVIES STAMPING OF ISLAM AND MUSLIMS: AN ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATION
Authors: Khanum Dr Masroor , Iqbal Dr. Zafar
Published: April 2023

The majority of countries in the globe have huge Hollywood film audiences, and residents of these nations frequently watch Hollywood blockbusters for enjoyment. Hollywood film imagery has the potential and influence to inspire audiences to consider various social, political, or ideological topics and to form opinions. Hollywood frequently misrepresents and mocks Islam, the second-largest religion in the world, and Muslims, who number more than 1.5 billion. The goal of the current study was to examine how different Muslim communities are portrayed in Hollywood films. The study also looked at how Islamic nations were portrayed in popular culture to see how people perceived Islam. The research design for this study included a qualitative content analysis. Three Hollywood films from 2012 onwards were chosen for examination using the purposive sampling methodology. The findings showed that all Muslim groups were portrayed as being anti-Western. All five of the Islamic nations were portrayed poorly in the films as well. The findings also showed that people in Islamic countries were regarded as uncivilized citizens and that life in those countries was clearly problematic rather than tranquil.
LEADING NEWSPAPER REPORTING ON TALIBAN BEFORE AND AFTER TAKEOVER OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Yousaf , Kamal Dr. Auje
Published: April 2023

The following study is concerned with the theory of peace journalism with reference to the issue of Afghanistan and Taliban. To fulfill this purpose, a two-month report from the Daily Dawn has been selected. The collected data has been investigated by the theoretical frame work of peace journalism and the methodology of content analysis. Although peace journalism analysis of content shows that reporting on Afghanistan is war related which is in contradiction to peace journalism, however, a number of unbiased news were also mentioned. The concluding results of this research shows that after the retaliation of the Taliban, the trajectory of news reporting has shifted to peace journalism, which can be predicted as a positive indication. Conflict reporting is complex but when done under the framework of peace journalism, even the most calamitous scenes and pictures could be altered in a manner that can help pave the path of peace and reconciliation.
HOW NOT TO DO COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH: MEDIA CAMPAIGN FOR SOCIAL CHANGE IN PAKISTAN’S TRIBAL DISTRICTS
Authors: Jan Faizullah , Shah Sayyed Fawad
Published: April 2023

This paper analyzes “Pakhto Voices” project run by Public Engagement Policy Lab., a U.K.-based non-governmental organization, in the light of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles and approaches. The main purpose of the project is to reduce health disparities among the people of the then Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA—now called Tribal Districts or Merged Districts) of Pakistan through a “community-based research project.” According to World Health Organization (WHO), Pakistan is one of the three remaining polio-endemic countries in the world, along with Afghanistan and Nigeria. More than half of the polio cases emerged from the Tribal Districts where people from Pakhtun ethnic group reside. The formative research design of the project employed a fusion of unobtrusive and obtrusive quantitative, qualitative and ethnographic methods. The formative research design had three components: Content Analysis; Citizen Consultation, and SMS data gathering program. In this paper, we argue that the “Pakhto Voices” project does not adhere to the principles of CBPR. The authors challenge the concept of “cultural competence” used during the creation of messages and interaction with the community in this program and argue that showing “cultural humility” could have improved the outcomes of the project. The paper is divided into 6 sections: 1) Introduction to the problem; 2) Health Disparities in TRIBAL AREAS; 3) Pakhto Voices Project 4) CBPR Approaches 5) Discussion 6) Conclusion.
Posterior Polar Cataract Management: My Approach
Authors: Singh Sudhir
Published: April 2023

Posterior polar cataracts (PPC) are cataracts lying on the posterior pole of the lens. They are slicked to the posterior capsule, so there are many times more chances of the post capsule ruptures and related sequelae. In this article, I will share my approach regarding the pre-operative considerations and plans, including patient counseling, anesthesia type, capsulorhexis, hydro procedures, intraocular lens types, cataract surgery methods, and the manual small incision cataract surgery, phacoemulsification and femto laser-assisted cataract surgery. This article will also discuss complications arising from posterior capsule ruptures and their management. This is an e-video article so each section is embedded with the video links and QR codes under the subject with the help of the surgical videos.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Glaucoma Patients and its Correlation with Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Mohan Shalini , Pandey Jayati , Tripathi Anchal , Verma Ashok K.
Published: April 2023

Aim: To compare optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Material and Methods: Patients with POAG (n=38), PACG (n=32), NTG (n=18) and con-trols (n=48) underwent B-scan ultrasound and computed tomography scan (CT scan) measurement of ONSD. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all groups and was correlated with ONSD.

Results: ONSD was significantly (p=
Therapeutic Role of Curcumin, a Traditional Indian Remedy in Various Ocular Disorders
Authors: Datta Ditsha , Mohan Shalini , Patel Namrata , Agrawal Ruchika
Published: April 2023

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. has been an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years to treat liver diseases, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, infectious diseases and cancer. Curcumin has multiple essential pharmacological properties namely, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Curcumin inhibits oxidative stress, angiogenesis and inflammatory processes and restore body homeostasis. Its effectiveness was also proved for major eye diseases. In this article, the influence of curcumin on various eye diseases such as dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, pterygium, anterior uveitis, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal neovascularization, corneal wound healing are reported. Data analysis from several clinical and preclinical investigations indicate that curcumin is highly effective as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various eye disorders.
A Case Report of Ocular Manifestation of Rickettsial Infection- A Rare Vision Threatening Gram Negative Bacteria Causing Chorioretinitis
Authors: Chaurasia Shivang , Mohan Shalini , Dutta Ditsha
Published: April 2023

Rickettsioses are emergent and resurgent arthropod vector borne diseases due to obligate intracellular small gram-negative

bacteria. Most of them are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected arthropods, such as ticks. Ocular involvement is common,

including conjunctivitis, keratitis, anterior uveitis, panuveitis, retinitis, retinal vascular changes, and optic nerve involvement.

Though rickettsiosis is common in India, there is paucity of rickettsial retinitis (RR) reports from India. Moreover, rickettsial

sub-types and their association with retinitis have not been studied.Ocular rickettsial infection may be a part of systemic rickettsial

infection which is mainly autoimmune in nature so treatment is mostly based on steroids and antibiotics.

We report the case of a 36 year old male native of North India.
Pogorelich at the Chopin: Towards a sociology of competition scandals
Authors: McCormick Lisa
Published: April 2023

Controversies are a regular feature on the international classical music competition circuit, and some of these explode into scandals that are remembered long afterward. This essay draws from the sociology of scandal to identify the conditions that predispose classical music competitions to moral disruption and to examine the cultural process through which a scandal attains legendary status. The case considered in depth is the International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition and the controversy surrounding Ivo Pogorelich’s elimination from the 10th Competition in 1980. Through an analysis of media coverage in Polish and English, I show how the scandal was discursively constructed through two interpretive frameworks: the collective memory of previous controversies at the Chopin Competition, and a generational divide. I also trace the legacy of the scandal over the decades that followed. Following Durkheim, I argue that controversies at classical music competitions should not be taken as an indication of their decline. Rather, scandals – especially legendary ones – can have positive effects for competition organisations and the wider social world of classical music, as long as they do not become chronic.
Images of Chopin in, and through, Japanese Video Games
Authors: Summers Tim
Published: April 2023

This article examines the use of Chopin’s music in video games created by Japanese developers. While, as William Gibbons and others have documented, classical music has been used throughout the history of video games, a surprising number of Japanese games have used Chopin’s music. Sometimes this music is presented as a straightforward performance of a piece by Chopin, while others remix, vary or interpolate Chopin’s musical materials in new compositions. Chopin’s music here stages many of the tensions and possibilities found in the video game medium. In that sense, it ‘thematises’ video games. The article focuses on three aspects of Chopin in games. The first is sentimentalism (both in association with death, the supernatural and the morbid, and in association with sexual romance and romanticism more broadly). Secondly, Chopin’s music is associated with virtuosity, intertwining emotion and physicality. Finally, Chopin’s music is used as an agent for postmodern juxtaposition, in the process problematising a divide between art and mass culture. These three trends are interlinked and draw upon longstanding historical images and connotative values in relation to Chopin. The discussion builds on antecedent research concerning Chopin’s reception by Lawrence Kramer, Jim Samson, Charles Rosen and Stephen Downes, critical perspectives on games and/as musical interfaces by David Sudnow and Roger Moseley, and discussions of classical music in popular culture by Andreas Huyssen and Mina Yang. Key case studies include Space Adventure Cobra, Clock Tower 3, Eternal Sonata, Gran Turismo, Pop’n Music, Catherine and a selection of visual novels. Chopin’s music in Japanese games serves as a way to understand the meanings of that music in a modern pop-culture context. Besides that, however, such a study uncovers how the issues central to the discourse of Chopin are manifest and (re)configured in a medium and context of production very far removed from the music’s origins.
A Fantasy about Sonata Form: Re-Examining Chopin’s Fantasy, Op. 49
Authors: Kennedy Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Fryderyk Chopin’s Fantasy in F minor, Op. 49 (1841) is considered a pinnacle of the composer’s oeuvre. Invoking the so-called stylus phantasticus, the Fantasy is presumed to betray something of Chopin’s legendary free improvisations, and includes the expected diversity of musical material in different metres, keys and tempi. Yet the work also evinces a quasi-Classical regularity, alluding to several set forms. Strikingly, while commentators such as Halina Goldberg, John Rink and Jeffrey Kallberg have explored hermeneutic, topical and formal ramifications of certain sections of the piece, few scholars have attempted a comprehensive structural analysis of the Fantasy. One exception is Carl Schachter, who parses the Fantasy from a Schenkerian standpoint and proposes a rotational basis for the return of themes. However, Schachter’s interpretation does not fully explain the piece’s reliance upon fifth relations, which seems to have more conservative, Classical origins. In this paper, I explore how Chopin’s Fantasy may be seen to exhibit a stylised sonata allegro form, in which both first and second subjects are split into two parts in different keys. As such, I apply the concept of tonal pairing, championed by such authors as Robert Bailey and Peter Smith, to a seminal work of Chopin, shedding further light on Chopin’s inventive manipulation of Classical sonata form. I will also discuss elements of cyclic form as discussed by Schachter, and devices by which Chopin strengthens or weakens the sense of telos. I conclude that a loose sonata form is the predominant mode of motivic and tonal organisation in Chopin’s Fantasy, Op. 49, and that many of the seeming departures from this form can be accounted for as transitions or instances of teleological genesis.
Chopin, Pianos and East Asian Modernity
Authors: Samson Jim
Published: April 2023

For music to have an identity, it seems, it must belong to someone. I will argue that in the twenty-first century Chopin no longer belongs to Europe. Can we really speak of ‘Chopin reception’ in East Asia today, given that he now belongs to these cultures too? Already in the early twentieth century, the piano emerged as a potent symbol of modernity in East Asia, and today the success of East Asian pianists in the International Chopin Competition has become a matter of the greatest national pride for relevant nations. In this paper I will ask if socio-political modernities in East Asia, and the cultural modernisms that followed them and responded to them, are distinguishable from those of ‘the West’. Which are the common factors, and which the unique, bearing in mind that modernists of both East and West cultivated and relished temporal distance (now vs then), as well as spatial distance (here vs there)? In addressing cultural encounters between East and West, I heed Jürgen Osterhammel’s caution against prematurity in the identification of dichotomous discourses. I also invoke the theoretical concept of ‘cultural lag’, a concept of some vintage, but one that can have explanatory value when we consider the counterpoints and synergies generated between science, politics and culture in both East and West. In reflecting on Chopin in East Asia, I contextualise cultural transfer in several ways. These include aesthetic responses to collective trauma, not least through the establishment of a tabula rasa, or alternatively through a mode of (depthless) imitation that celebrates what Susan Sontag called ‘sensuous surface’. They also include a surrender to mechanism, and a tendency to fetishise or iconise cultural figures. All of these are arguably symptomatic of East Asian modernisms.
Exotic Toys, Musical Centralities and Power Reversals: The Early Reception of European Keyboard Music and Instruments in East Asia 20
Authors: Chen Jen-yen
Published: April 2023

Western music first achieved a sustained presence in East Asia during the sixteenth century, brought to this ‘distant’ region by European traders and missionaries. However, its dissemination remained limited for some three centuries to specific locales such as the area of southern Japan around Nagasaki and the Chinese imperial court in Beijing. Even so, investigation of the early phases of this cross [1]cultural encounter helps to illuminate the process by which Asian listeners gradually assimilated the alien quality of Europe’s musical sounds as transmitted especially by its keyboard instruments, to such a degree that these came to function as a native language of sorts. The present article will discuss the following aspects: the exotic fascination with the technological complexity of the foreigners’ musical devices, taking precedence over any aesthetic engagement with the music; the initial clash and then shift in musical centralities in the sense formulated by Bruno Nettl, that is, the selective emphasis of parameters (e.g. polyphony, timbre) that define musical creation, listening and thought; the applicability to the history of Sino-Western exchange of Emily Dolan’s notion of ‘keyboardisation’, an idiosyncratic reconceptualisation of musical content that would eventually acquire normative force; questions of colonisation and reverse colonisation in understanding the complex power dynamics that shaped this global musical encounter.
Cultural Dissonance in Piano Pedagogy in Post-Colonial China
Authors: Zhang Fengyi
Published: April 2023

The popularity of the piano in China grew steadily through the 1980s. Many popular piano tutor books in today’s China stem from the Western world, and they are often several decades old, but re-published in Chinese versions. However, their use exposes significant cultural differences between the West and China. In this article, I will first introduce some historical commentary on the piano and piano pedagogy in China to provide a general background. Then, I will discuss several obstacles to the transmission of piano techniques and interpretation, including issues concerning cultural literacy, the conceptual space between Western metaphorical[1]kinaesthetic teaching methods and Chinese direct verbal instruction, and the difficulties posed by translation. Finally, some discussion of orientalism, prejudice and assimilation will be presented to explore the power relations and ideology that may lie behind these difficulties in transmission. Western piano tutor books used in China, particularly those originating in the mid[1]twentieth century, often feature stylised oriental elements in an attempt to introduce diverse musics from different parts of the world. Yet the accompanying descriptions indicate that this introduces explicit and implicit prejudice, and in ways that (ironically) infect even some piano tutor books written by Chinese musicians, thus unwittingly extending and naturalising a system of global cultural hegemony. When we consider that these are beginner tutor books used by children of primary school age, the long[1]term effects of this musical orientalism come into focus: although superficially China has striven toward cultural autonomy, thanks to these teaching materials, Western hegemonic views of Chinese music may remain current and are indeed internalised by Chinese musicians.
Cheong Images of Chopin in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Cheong Wai-Ling
Published: April 2023

Just as Poland capitalises on the worldwide popularity of Chopin’s music to export him as a cultural commodity, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has embraced Chopin as patriotism personified, a high-profile ‘cultural worker’ in exile who agonised over the crushing of the November Uprising in Poland in 1831. It was likely Fou Ts’ong winning third prize at the Fifth International Chopin Piano Competition in 1955 that triggered the PRC’s strategic promotion of Chopin. Unlike Fou, who had benefitted from the tutelage of Zbigniew Drzewiecki at Warsaw’s State College of Music (the present-day Fryderyk Chopin University of Music), Li Yundi, the first Chinese pianist to be awarded first prize at the International Chopin Piano Competition, in 2000, was trained at Shenzhen Art School. Understandably, this success story could not fail to boost the PRC’s claim on Chopin. The special case of Chopin in the PRC is even more striking when we shift our focus from charismatic performance platforms to Chopin’s treatment within academic circles. Through a critique of selected papers about Chopin published by People’s Music and Music Research, the PRC’s leading music journals, this study reveals how and to what extent Chopin was claimed and promoted above other Western classical composers, arguably to serve, first and foremost, ideological ends. With the onset of the decade-long Sino–US ambassadorial talks in 1958, held in Warsaw’s ‘Chopin Park’, as one main focus, the timeframe of this study is delimited to cover the period from the founding of the PRC in 1949 to c.1979, when the PRC established formal diplomatic relationships with the United States.
The Piano and Decentred Cultural Modernity in Korea: Shades of Chopin
Authors: Tokita Alison
Published: April 2023

This research is situated within the framework laid out in Decentering Musical Modernity (Janz and Yang eds, 2019). Rather than a passive reception of piano music, I avoid ‘triumphalist narratives’, where an individual nation is seen to heroically master Western music. Instead, the piano in Korea is seen as part of a transnational history, largely congruent with that of China, Japan and Taiwan. The global prominence of Korean pianists is obvious from the number of prize-winners in the Chopin Competition. This prominence is an outcome of the active take-up of piano and reed organ from the time of the Korean Empire in the late nineteenth century, associated with missionary activity and the establishment of mission schools. Enthusiasm for the piano and its music continued to grow during the period of Japanese rule (1910–1945), when Japan was also a transmitter of Western music, through its model of school music education, and the advanced musical training provided by Japanese music colleges. This article sketches the history of the piano in Korea during the colonial period, and explores its significance for those aspiring to a global modernity under the conditions of colonial modernity. Attention is given to the steady stream of visiting musicians from metropolitan Japan and Europe between 1920 and 1940 that fed Korea’s piano culture. Also documented are recitals with Chopin repertoire by local pianists who trained in Japan, America and Europe. I argue that East Asia had a common musical modernity, informed by intra-regional flows, which was curiously at odds with the political divisions and conflicts of the time. 

, colonial modernity, transnational, missionaries, Japanese colonisation
Polski patriota w Paryżu: Wojciech (Albert) Sowiński, eseista, antologista i leksykograf
Authors: Whealton Virginia E.
Published: April 2023

Jeśli w Paryżu połowy XIX wieku żył jakikolwiek muzyk żarliwie propagujący zdobycze kultury polskiej, to był nim Albert (Wojciech) Sowiński. Od przyjazdu do Francji w 1828 roku aż do śmierci w roku 1880 był on orędownikiem sprawy polskiej jako pianista, kompozytor i badacz. Był też płodnym autorem, a mimo to jego liczne prace poświęcone polskiemu repertuarowi – z wyjątkiem Les musiciens polonais et slaves, anciens et modernes: dictionnaire (1857) – z rzadka jedynie i przelotnie przyciągały uwagę współczesnych badaczy. W niniejszym eseju śledzę ewolucję paradygmatu postawy narodowej i polskiej tożsamości w najważniejszych pismach Sowińskiego poświęconych tym kwestiom oraz w zbiorach polskich melodii: Chants polonais nationaux et populaires (1830), Souvenirs de Pologne. Chants de la révolution du 29 novembre 1830 (1830), Mélodies polonaises: album lyrique (1833), Chants populaires de l’Ukraine (1842), De l’état actuel de la musique en Pologne (1842), Dictionnaire (1857) oraz Chants religieux de la Pologne op. 93 (1859). Cztery dzieła z roku 1830, aranżacje polskich melodii ludowych i pieśni powstańczych, łączyły się ściśle ze współpracą Sowińskiego z Leonardem Chodźką i jego paryskim otoczeniem. Zwłaszcza w Chants polonais kompozytor nawiązał do propagowanych przez Chodźkę i Joachima Lelewela poglądów podkreślających wyjątkową geograficzną, językową i etniczną różnorodność Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, różnorodność, która miała zaowocować wspaniałą muzyczną i polityczną przyszłością. Tymczasem w swoich pismach krytycznych z lat 40. ludowe tradycje ukraińskie Sowiński interpretował już jako przemawiające głównie do doświadczeń regionalnie ograniczonych, za podstawę dla tworzenia się nowoczesnej polskiej tożsamości muzycznej uznając Warszawę z jej muzycznymi instytucjami. W okresie pracy nad Słownikiem i Polskimi pieśniami religijnymi kompozytor przesunął punkt ciężkości swojej argumentacji z owego wyjątkowego statusu Polski na rzecz długiej tradycji wymiany intelektualnej z Europą Zachodnią, którą kraj miał w przeważającej mierze zawdzięczać działalności dworów i Kościoła katolickiego.
Beethoven and the Lyric Impulse. Essays on Beethoven Song Amanda Glauert (Routledge)
Authors: Stępień-Kutera Kamila
Published: April 2023

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Łokietek czyli Wiśliczanki Józef Elsner (Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk)
Authors: Żórawska-Witkowska Alina
Published: April 2023

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Cud mniemany, czyli Krakowiacy i Górale/ The Supposed Miracle or Cracovians and Highlanders Jan Stefani, Wojciech Bogusławski (Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne)
Authors: Zieziula Grzegorz
Published: April 2023

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