bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping nanocrystalline disorder within an amorphous metal–organic framework
Authors: Sapnik Adam F. , Sun Chao , Laulainen Joonatan E. M. , Johnstone Duncan N. , Brydson Rik , Johnson Timothy , Midgley Paul A. , Bennett Thomas D. , Collins Sean M.
Published: May 2023

Intentionally disordered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) display rich functional behaviour. However, the characterisation of their atomic structures remains incredibly challenging. X-ray pair distribution function techniques have been pivotal in determining their average local structure but are largely insensitive to spatial variations in the structure. Fe-BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a nanocomposite MOF, known for its catalytic properties, comprising crystalline nanoparticles and an amorphous matrix. Here, we use scanning electron diffraction to first map the crystalline and amorphous components to evaluate domain size and then to carry out electron pair distribution function analysis to probe the spatially separated atomic structure of the amorphous matrix. Further Bragg scattering analysis reveals systematic orientational disorder within Fe-BTC’s nanocrystallites, showing over 10° of continuous lattice rotation across single particles. Finally, we identify candidate unit cells for the crystalline component. These independent structural analyses quantify disorder in Fe-BTC at the critical length scale for engineering composite MOF materials.
Electromagnetic response of the surface states of a topological insulator nanowire embedded within a resonator
Authors: Haver Shimon Arie , Ginossar Eran , de Graaf Sebastian E. , Grosfeld Eytan
Published: May 2023

Exploring the interplay between topological phases and photons opens new avenues for investigating novel quantum states. Here we show that superconducting resonators can serve as sensitive probes for properties of topological insulator nanowires (TINWs) embedded within them. By combining a static, controllable magnetic flux threading the TINW with an additional oscillating electromagnetic field applied perpendicularly, we show that orbital resonances can be generated and are reflected in periodic changes of the Q-factor of the resonator as a function of the flux. This response probes the confinement of the two-dimensional Dirac orbitals on the surface of the TINW, revealing their density of states and specific transition rules, as well as their dependence on the applied flux. Our approach represents a promising cross-disciplinary strategy for probing topological solid state materials using state-of-the-art photonic cavities, which would avoid the need for attaching contacts, thereby enabling access to electronic properties closer to the pristine topological states.
Probing the optical near-field interaction of Mie nanoresonators with atomically thin semiconductors
Authors: Estrada-Real Ana , Paradisanos Ioannis , Wiecha Peter R. , Poumirol Jean-Marie , Cuche Aurelien , Agez Gonzague , Lagarde Delphine , Marie Xavier , Larrey Vincent , Müller Jonas , Larrieu Guilhem , Paillard Vincent , Urbaszek Bernhard
Published: May 2023

Optical Mie resonators based on silicon nanostructures allow tuning of light-matter-interaction with advanced design concepts based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible nanofabrication. Optically active materials such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers can be placed in the near-field region of such Mie resonators. Here, we experimentally demonstrate and verify by numerical simulations coupling between a MoSe2 monolayer and the near-field of dielectric nanoresonators. Through a comparison of dark-field (DF) scattering spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation experiments (PLE), we show that the MoSe2 absorption can be enhanced via the near-field of a nanoresonator. We demonstrate spectral tuning of the absorption via the geometry of individual Mie resonators. We show that we indeed access the optical near-field of the nanoresonators, by measuring a spectral shift between the typical near-field resonances in PLE compared to the far-field resonances in DF scattering. Our results prove that using MoSe2 as an active probe allows accessing the optical near-field above photonic nanostructures, providing complementary information to sophisticated near-field microscopy equipment.
Multi-omics resources for targeted agronomic improvement of pigmented rice
Authors: Sedeek Khalid , Zuccolo Andrea , Fornasiero Alice , Weber Annika M. , Sanikommu Krishnaveni , Sampathkumar Sangeetha , Rivera Luis F. , Butt Haroon , Mussurova Saule , Alhabsi Abdulrahman , Nurmansyah Nurmansyah , Ryan Elizabeth P. , Wing Rod A. , Mahfouz Magdy M.
Published: May 2023

Pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rich source of nutrients, but pigmented lines typically have long life cycles and limited productivity. Here we generated genome assemblies of 5 pigmented rice varieties and evaluated the genetic variation among 51 pigmented rice varieties by resequencing an additional 46 varieties. Phylogenetic analyses divided the pigmented varieties into four varietal groups: Geng-japonica, Xian-indica, circum-Aus and circum-Basmati. Metabolomics and ionomics profiling revealed that black rice varieties are rich in aromatic secondary metabolites. We established a regeneration and transformation system and used CRISPR–Cas9 to knock out three flowering time repressors (Hd2, Hd4 and Hd5) in the black Indonesian rice Cempo Ireng, resulting in an early maturing variety with shorter stature. Our study thus provides a multi-omics resource for understanding and improving Asian pigmented rice.
Pressure-induced phase transition toward high symmetry in zero-strain Li2TiO3
Authors: Qi Wenming , Abdugopur Hadiqa , Xu Wei , Gao Min , Hushur Anwar , Zhang Hongyan
Published: May 2023

We propose a potential Li2TiO3 structural model for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries systems by modulating the electrode material crystal structure, for instance, the gap between octahedral-TiO6 layers.
Boosting N2 photoreduction using a ZnO@HCuxS composite with high activity and easy recovery grown on a copper mesh
Authors: Li Chaojie , Su Qian , Wang Weiwen , Zhang Zisheng , Duan Jihai
Published: May 2023

Accelerating the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers is the key to improve the efficiency of the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).
Modeling high strain-rate microcavitation in soft materials: the role of material behavior in bubble dynamics
Authors: Tzoumaka Anastasia , Yang Jin , Buyukozturk Selda , Franck Christian , Henann David L.
Published: May 2023

Inertial Microcavitation Rheometry is a promising tool for characterizing the behavior of soft materials at high strain rates. We develop a simulation capability for spherical bubbles, incorporating compressibility and complex viscoelastic behavior.
Two-dimensional spreading of frictionless adhesive oil droplets
Authors: Hoggarth Johnathan , Ono-dit-biot Jean-Christophe , Dalnoki-Veress Kari
Published: May 2023

As adhesive oil droplets accumulate in two-dimensions they spread at a constant height. The structure can be described through a ‘granular capillary length’ which sets a fundamental length scale by balancing the forces of adhesion and buoyancy.
Structural and reactive evolution of oxidatively grafted Pd catalysts on MnO2 for the low-temperature oxidation of CO
Authors: Hall Jacklyn N. , Kropf A. Jeremy , Kanbur Uddhav , Dogan Fulya , Byron Carly , Wen Jianguo , Delferro Massimiliano , Kaphan David M.
Published: May 2023

Atomically-dispersed Pd species supported on MnO2 synthesized by the chemisorption of Pd(tricyclohexylphosphine)2 catalyze the low temperature (295–323 K) oxidation of CO to CO2.
Applying deep learning to iterative screening of medium-sized molecules for protein–protein interaction-targeted drug discovery
Authors: Shimizu Yugo , Yonezawa Tomoki , Bao Yu , Sakamoto Junichi , Yokogawa Mariko , Furuya Toshio , Osawa Masanori , Ikeda Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2023

Updating predicting models could greatly improve the hit rate of virtual screening for identifying Keap1/Nrf2 protein–protein interaction inhibitors.
Nickel catalyzed three-component sulfonylation of non-activated alkyl chlorides
Authors: Gu Chang , Wang Zhuochen , Shi Renyi
Published: May 2023

We describe a nickel-catalyzed three-component sulfonylation of readily available non-activated alkyl chlorides. A wide range of alkyl aryl sulfones can be synthesized from alkyl chlorides, aryl boronic acids, and potassium metabisulfite.
Syn-versus anti-carbopalladation of alkynes with organoborons: access to indoles symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted on their 2,3-positions
Authors: Ghasemi Mehran , Rahimi Banafshe , Dehghan Maryam , Bernoosha Mohammad Hossein , Jafarpour Farnaz
Published: May 2023

A palladium (ii)-catalyzed borono-ortho-CH activation/amination cascade for construction of two C–N bonds and one C–C bond in a single synthetic sequence is reported. A formal anti-carbopalladation of alkynes proceeds with electron-rich arylboronic acids.
A high-throughput computational dataset of halide perovskite alloys
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Manganaris Panayotis , Mannodi-Kanakkithodi Arun
Published: May 2023

A high-throughput computational dataset of halide perovskite alloys is generated from 494 unique compositions, using multiple DFT functionals. The dataset is further applied to screen promising halide perovskites with high stability, suitable band gap and excellent PV efficiency.
Fishnet-like double active layer-loaded carbon fiber for electrical double-layer capacitors
Authors: Fang Yanli , Ma Xianguo , Ren Jianwei , Wang Hui
Published: May 2023

The rational design and controllable synthesis of high-performance energy storage materials are important measures to address the growing demand for energy storage devices.
Selective elimination of enterovirus genotypes by activated sludge and chlorination
Authors: Larivé Odile , Torii Shotaro , Derlon Nicolas , Kohn Tamar
Published: May 2023

Enterovirus (EV) genotypes exhibit different susceptibilities to activated sludge and chlorination. The most persistent genotypes (CVB3, CVB5, E25 in this study) rather than bulk EV should be used as indicators of wastewater treatment success.
Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA
Authors: Smalling Kelly L. , Bradley Paul M. , Romanok Kristin M. , Elliot Sarah M. , de Lambert Jane , Focazio Michael J. , Gordon Stephanie E. , Gray James L. , Kanagy Leslie K. , Hladik Michelle L. , Loftin Keith A. , McCleskey R. Blaine , Medlock-Kakaley Elizabeth K. , Cardon Mary C. , Evans Nicola , Weis Christopher P.
Published: May 2023

Mixtures of contaminants are observed in public-supply drinking water. Frequent exceedances of human-health advisories indicate potential cumulative risk to vulnerable subpopulations and the continued need for broad chemical assessments in tapwater.
Bimetallic Re(i)/Pt(ii)/Pd(ii) complexes: study of synthesis and properties
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhou Qing-Dong , Jia Zhiyu
Published: May 2023

Re(i)-based bimetallic complexes were obtained; our study demonstrates electronic communication between the two metal centers and their potential applications in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction.
Skillfully manipulating electron transitions of Au nanoparticles for the modulation of nanozyme functions
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Yujie , Wang Kaiyuan , Zhou Yufeng , Wei Wei , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin
Published: May 2023

CZIF/Au nanozymes have tunable enzyme-like functions, arising from the different electron transitions which are dependent on the wavelength of incidence light.
One-step assembly of a MacMillan catalyst-based phenolic-type polymer
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Yang Xiaorong , Li Liqi , Hu Yansong , Wang Shutao
Published: May 2023

A MacMillan catalyst-based phenolic-type polymer (Mac-CP) has been constructed via a “bottom-up” approach and used as a reusable organocatalyst for the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction.
Crystalline radicals derived from boron-dipyrromethene and its heavier analogues
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Xie Zhuofeng , Dai Yuyang , Liu Xiaona , Bao Manling , Liu Chen , Han Qiqi , Liu Chunmeng , Su Yuanting
Published: May 2023

The first series of radicals derived from boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and its heavier analogues have been isolated and fully characterized.
Ratiometric sensing of β-galactosidase based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and solid-state luminescence enhancement
Authors: Tian He , Lin Wei , Hu Xi-Le , Wang Jing-Bo , Zhang Min-Yu , Zang Yi , Wu Xin-Yan , Li Jia , James Tony D. , He Xiao-Peng
Published: May 2023

An ESIPT-based ratiometric probe with solid-state luminescence enhancement is developed for the sensitive detection of glycosidase activity.
Titanium-catalysed deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols and lignin model compounds
Authors: Căciuleanu Alexandru , Vöhringer Felix , Fleischer Ivana
Published: May 2023

Deoxygenation of alcohols and lignin model compounds was achieved with titanocene as catalyst and silane as H-donor and activating agent.
2-Oxindole and related heterocycles: synthetic methodologies for their natural products and related derivatives
Authors: Sharma Shivangi , Monga Yukti , Gupta Ashu , Singh Shivendra
Published: May 2023

2-Oxindole based natural products and bioactive molecules.
A compact frequency reconfigurable beam switching antenna based on a single‐layer FSS
Authors: Li Guang , Ye Yangyang , Zhang Fushun
Published: May 2023

A compact frequency reconfigurable beam switching antenna based on a single‐layer frequency selective face (FSS) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a dual‐band dipole antenna and a single‐layer FSS with hexagonally arrangement. The omnidirectional radiation pattern of the dipole antenna designed as a radiation source and surrounded by the FSS can be converted into directional radiation pattern sweeping along the entire azimuthal plane at two single frequency of 2.4 or 5 GHz. The frequency selection is achieved by controlling the diode state of the FSS unit, and the beam switching is realised by a specific combination of electromagnetic wave reflection or transmission from the hexagonal FSS. The novelty lies in applying the hexagonal arrangement to a dual single‐frequency single‐layer FSS unit. This will not destroy the reflection or transmission characteristics of the FSS unit, but also contribute to reduce the antenna size and achieve a low cost. To validate the design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The single‐layer FSS antenna with a volume of 57 mm × 57 mm × 58.5 mm can be scanned in 12 steps along the azimuth plane at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively.
Investigation of the influence of blocks on the linear spectrum for synthetic speech detection
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Jichen , Lin Pei
Published: May 2023

In recent years, constant‐Q cepstral coefficient (CQCC) has successfully used in synthetic speech detection (SSD), however, linear‐domain logarithm power spectrum (LLPS) information is not fully captured by discrete cosine transform (DCT) in CQCC extraction and how the block affects the LLPS information extraction for SSD has not been investigated in the previous studies. In order to investigate how the block affects the LLPS information extraction and extract more detailed information from LLPS for SSD, a new feature, constant‐Q block coefficient (CQBC), is proposed by modifying CQCC using block transform plus DCT on LLPS in this letter. Furthermore, how the length of block affects the performance is deeply investigated in this work. The experimental result on ASVspoof 2015 evaluation set indicates that: (1) there is much difference in the performance for different length block (2) CQBC‐DA can improve the performance of SSD and its average equal error rate can reach 0.0724, which decline 36% compared with CQCC‐DA (3) CQBC‐DA is superior to many front‐ends that have been benchmarked in terms of average equal error rate.
Sinc‐attention feature extraction for trivial‐event based speaker verification
Authors: Li Lin , Li Jun , Wang Dingyi , Wang Xiaoqin , Qiao Shushan
Published: May 2023

Human speech contains trivial events that are non‐subjectively controlled and are limited by physical characteristics. These events are represented by a series of extremely short utterances, such as the ‘hmm’ phrase used for expressing doubt or confirmation. In speaker verification (SV), such events can be a robust choice to verify the real speaker from disguised speech since they are less affected by the randomness of pronunciation. However, trivial events like ‘hmm’ contain little linguistic information and are extremely short, thus the performance of SV systems will decrease drastically. In this letter, a Sinc‐Attention feature extraction method is proposed to extract more discriminative speech features from speech signals to achieve a robust SV system for trivial events. Learnable filters are utilized to obtain low‐level representations of the speech for SV. Moreover, a novel adaptive weighting of features inspired by attention mechanisms is proposed, which effectively improves the representation capability of speaker features. The experiments on different models prove that our method helps SV systems achieve a lower equal error rate (EER) than hand‐crafted feature‐based systems.
Giants are bullies: How their growth influences systems of inner sub-Neptunes and super-Earths
Authors: Bitsch Bertram , Izidoro Andre
Published: May 2023

Observational evidence points to an unexpected correlation between outer giant planets and inner sub-Neptunes, which has remained unexplained by simulations so far. We utilize N-body simulations including pebble and gas accretion as well as planetary migration to investigate how the gas accretion rates, which depend on the envelope opacity and the core mass, influence the formation of systems of inner sub-Neptunes and outer gas giants as well as the eccentricity distribution of the outer giant planets. We find that less efficient envelope contraction rates allow for a more efficient formation of systems with inner sub-Neptunes and outer gas giants. This is caused by the fact that the cores that formed in the inner disk are too small to effectively accrete large envelopes and only cores growing in the outer disk, where the cores are more massive due to the larger pebble isolation mass, can become giants. As a result, instabilities between the outer giant planets do not necessarily destroy the inner systems of sub-Neptunes unlike simulations with more efficient envelope contraction where giant planets can form closer in. Our simulations show that up to 50% of the systems of cold Jupiters could have inner sub-Neptunes, in agreement with observations. At the same time, our simulations show a good agreement with the eccentricity distribution of giant exoplanets, even though we find a slight mismatch to the mass and semi-major axes’ distributions. Synthetic transit observations of the inner systems (r < 0.7 AU) that formed in our simulations reveal an excellent match to the Kepler observations, where our simulations can especially match the period ratios of adjacent planet pairs. As a consequence, the breaking the chains model for super-Earth and sub-Neptune formation remains consistent with observations even when outer giant planets are present. However, simulations with outer giant planets produce more systems with mostly only one inner planet and with larger eccentricities, in contrast to simulations without outer giants. We thus predict that systems with truly single close-in planets are more likely to host outer gas giants. We consequently suggest radial velocity follow-up observations of systems of close-in transiting sub-Neptunes to understand if these inner sub-Neptunes are truly alone in the inner systems or not.
EPIC 206197016: A very hot white dwarf orbited by a strongly irradiated red dwarf
Authors: Krtička J. , Kawka A. , Mikulášek Z. , Fossati L. , Krtičková I. , Prvák M. , Janík J. , Liptaj R. , Zejda M. , Paunzen E.
Published: May 2023

Context. Very precise satellite photometry has revealed a large number of variable stars whose variability is caused either by surface spots or by binarity. Detailed studies of such variables provide insights into the physics of these objects.

Aims. We study the nature of the periodic light variability of the white dwarf EPIC 206197016 that was observed by the K2 mission.

Methods. We obtain phase-resolved medium-resolution spectroscopy of EPIC 206197016 using X-shooter spectrograph at VLT to understand the nature of the white dwarf variability. We use non-local thermodynamical equilibrium model atmospheres to determine stellar parameters at individual phases.

Results. EPIC 206197016 is a hot DA white dwarf with Teff = 78 kK. The analysis of the spectra reveals periodic radial velocity variations that can result from gravitational interaction with an invisible secondary whose mass corresponds to a red dwarf. The close proximity of the two stars where the semimajor axis is about 3 R⊙ results in the irradiation of the companion with temperatures more than twice as high on the illuminated side compared to the nonilluminated hemisphere. This effect can explain the observed light variations. The spectra of the white dwarf show a particular feature of the Balmer lines called the Balmer line problem, where the observed cores of the lower Balmer lines are deeper than predicted. This can be attributed to either weak pollution of hydrogen in the white dwarf atmosphere by heavy elements or to the presence of a circumstellar cloud or disk.
Molecular gas content and high excitation of a massive main-sequence galaxy at z = 3
Authors: Lei Han , Valentino Francesco , Magdis Georgios E. , Kokorev Vasily , Liu Daizhong , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Jin Shuowen , Daddi Emanuele
Published: May 2023

We present new CO (J = 5 − 4 and 7 − 6) and [C I] (3P2−3P1 and 3P1−3P0) emission line observations of the star-forming galaxy D49 at the massive end of the main sequence at z = 3. We incorporate previous CO (J = 3 − 2) and optical-to-millimetre continuum observations to fit its spectral energy distribution. Our results hint at high-J CO luminosities exceeding the expected location on the empirical correlations with the infrared luminosity. [CI] emission fully consistent with the literature trends is found. We do not retrieve any signatures of a bright active galactic nucleus that could boost the J = 5 − 4,  7 − 6 lines in either the infrared or X-ray bands, but warm photon-dominated regions, shocks, or turbulence could in principle do so. We suggest that mechanical heating could be a favourable mechanism able to enhance the gas emission at fixed infrared luminosity in D49 and other main-sequence star-forming galaxies at high redshift, but further investigation is necessary to confirm this explanation. We derive molecular gas masses from dust, CO, and [C I] that all agree within the uncertainties. Given its high star formation rate ∼500 M⊙ yr−1 and stellar mass > 1011.5 M⊙, the short depletion timescale of < 0.3 Gyr might indicate that D49 is experiencing its last growth spurt and will soon transit to quiescence.
The maximum principle for discounted optimal control of partially observed forward-backward stochastic systems with jumps on infinite horizon
Authors: Zheng Yueyang , Shi Jingtao
Published: May 2023

This paper is concerned with a discounted optimal control problem of partially observed forward-backward stochastic systems with jumps on infinite horizon. The control domain is convex and a kind of infinite horizon observation equation is introduced. The uniquely solvability of infinite horizon forward (backward) stochastic differential equation with jumps is obtained and more extended analyses, especially for the backward case, are made. Some new estimates are first given and proved for the critical variational inequality. Then a maximum principle is obtained by introducing some infinite horizon adjoint equations whose uniquely solvabilities are guaranteed necessarily. Finally, some comparisons are made with two kinds of representative infinite horizon stochastic systems and their related optimal controls.
Statistical dependence and shape of Young tableau
Authors: García Jesús E. , González-López Verónica Andrea , Alvaro Maria Magdalena Kcala
Published: May 2023

Given two continuous random variables, X and Y, we study the relationship between their statistical dependence and the Young tableau of the permutation defined from the graph of a bivariate sample coming from (X, Y). From a sample of size n of (X, Y), we identify the Young tableau of the permutation which maps the ranks of the X observations on the ranks of the Y observations. Procedures to detect statistical dependence between pairs of random variables, based on statistics calculated on the permutation defined by the graph of a bivariate sample have been developed, see García and González-López (2020) [Symmetry 12, 9, 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091415] and García and González-López (2014) [J Multivar Anal 127, 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2014.02.010]. In those papers, the information used is the length of the longest increasing (decreasing) subsequence, identified as the first line (the first column) of the Young tableau of the permutation. In this paper, we expose the information captured by the shape of the Young tableau of the permutation.
An accelerated proximal alternating direction method of multipliers for robust fused Lasso
Authors: Fan Yibao , Shang Youlin , Jin Zheng-Fen , Liu Jia , Zhang Roxin
Published: May 2023

In the era of big data, much of the data is susceptible to noise with heavy-tailed distribution. Fused Lasso can effectively handle high dimensional sparse data with strong correlation between two adjacent variables under known Gaussian noise. However, it has poor robustness to non-Gaussian noise with heavy-tailed distribution. Robust fused Lasso withl1norm loss function can overcome the drawback of fused Lasso when noise is heavy-tailed distribution. But the key challenge for solving this model is nonsmoothness and its nonseparability. Therefore, in this paper, we first deform the robust fused Lasso into an easily solvable form, which changes the three-block objective function to a two-block form. Then, we propose an accelerated proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (APADMM) with an additional update step, which is base on a new PADMM that changes the Lagrangian multiplier term update. Furthermore, we give theO(1/K) nonergodic convergence rate analysis of the proposed APADMM. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed new PADMM and APADMM have better performance than other existing ADMM solvers.
„Nicht schon wieder ein Pneumothorax“ – Fallbericht Birt-Hogg-Dubé-Syndrom
Authors: Elsner Laura Katharina , Kovács Julia , Kauke Teresa , Steinlein Ortrud , Behr Jürgen , Kahnert Kathrin
Published: May 2023

Falldarstellung eines 40-jährigen Patienten mit rezidivierend spontan auftretenden Pneumothoraces in der Vorgeschichte. Neben einer konservativen Versorgung eines Pneumothorax auf der linken Seite erfolgte eine subtotale parietale Pleurektomie rechts nach einem Pneumothorax 6 Jahre später. In der durchgeführten CT-Thoraxuntersuchung zeigt sich ein hochgradiger struktureller Umbau des Lungenparenchyms im Sinne von multiplen pulmonalen Zysten beidseits mit einer Größe von bis zu 7,5 cm. Nach Ausschluss eines alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangels, einer immunologischen Grunderkrankung, unauffälliger Familien- und Berufsanamnese wird aufgrund des CT-morphologischen Verteilungsmusters der zystischen Veränderungen der Verdacht auf ein Birt-Hogg-Dubé-Syndrom gestellt. In der durchgeführten genetischen Untersuchung erfolgt ein Nachweis der krankheitsauslösenden, pathogenen Variante c.1294_1298del;p.(Ser432Argfs*22) im FLCN-Gen in heterozygotem Zustand. Das Birt-Hogg-Dubé-Syndrom ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, die klinisch durch pulmonale Zysten, Fibrofollikulome der Haut und das gehäufte Auftreten von Nierentumoren charakterisiert ist. Insbesondere das erhöhte Risiko für maligne Tumoren der Niere sowie das Risiko für Spontanpneumothoraces unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit einer frühen Diagnose und Durchführung von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen bei betroffenen Patienten und deren Angehörigen.
Impact-Analysen eines familienintegrierenden Behandlungspfades
Frühgeborener aus Sicht der Kostenträger
Authors: Mayer-Huber Sandra , Keller Matthias , Zeller Michael , Günter Alexander , Wagner Christian , Heumann Christian , Benstetter Franz
Published: May 2023

Zielsetzung Mithilfe familienintegrierender Behandlungspfade konnte
bereits mehrfach eine Reduktion der initialen Krankenhausverweildauer
nachgewiesen werden. Wie sich dies auf die Ausgaben der Kostenträger
auswirkt, blieb bisher unklar.

Methodik Um das Einsparungspotenzial durch eine Verkürzung der
Verweildauer zu veranschaulichen, wurden eine grobe Hochrechnung und eine
Budget-Impact-Analyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Basierend auf den Ergebnissen eines Modellvorhabens konnte die
durchschnittliche Verweildauerreduktion von einer Woche jährliche
Kosteneinsparungen von rund 60 Millionen € bewirken.

Schlussfolgerung Selbst wenn weitere Einsparungspotenziale wie indirekte
Kosteneinsparungen durch die Prävention psychischer Belastungen der
Eltern nicht einkalkuliert werden, hat der Einbezug der Familien in die
Versorgung Frühgeborener ein weitreichendes Potenzial für
Kostenträger.
Gibt es zu viele Unterbringungen nach § 126a StPO?
Überlegungen zum Zusammenspiel von forensischer und allgemeiner
Psychiatrie unter Beachtung rechtlicher Gesichtspunkte
Authors: Opgen-Rhein Markus , Brieger Peter , Baur Alexander , Henking Tanja
Published: May 2023

Aus Sicht der forensischen Kliniken werden durch die Justiz immer
häufiger einstweilige Unterbringungen nach § 126a StPO
angeordnet. Es werden drei Hypothesen aufgestellt, die diese Zunahme
(mit)erklären könnten: 1) Anordnung auch bei
Bagatellfällen. 2) Anordnung trotz positiver Prognose. 3)
Verändertes Anzeigeverhalten der psychiatrischen Kliniken. Einfache
Erklärungsansätze für die Zunahme der einstweiligen
Unterbringungen greifen jedoch zu kurz. Umso dringlicher erscheint eine
Stärkung des primärpräventiven Ansatzes. Bereits in der
allgemeinpsychiatrischen Versorgung sollte der kleine Teil Menschen mit
psychischer Erkrankung und erhöhter Gewaltbereitschaft erkannt und einer
gewaltpräventiven Behandlung zugeführt werden. Forensische
Psychiatrie und allgemeinpsychiatrische Versorgung müssen sich
dafür enger verzahnen.
Proprioceptive Exercises in Hemiplegia Improve Balance and
Spatiotemporal Parameters
Authors: Deniz Gulnihal , Bilek Furkan
Published: May 2023

Objective It was planned to investigate the effects of proprioceptive
exercises applied to patients with hemiplegia on muscle tone, balance,
perception, posture, mobility, and spatiotemporal parameters.

Materials and Methods 70 participants with hemiplegia were randomized to
an experimental group (conventional stroke rehabilitation
program+proprioceptive exercise, 30 sessions) and a control group
(conventional stroke rehabilitation program, 30 sessions). Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Test, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Posture Assessment Scale for Stroke
Patients (PASS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rivermead Mobility Index
(RMI), Spatiotemporal parameters (cadence, maximum plantar pressure, total
weight transfer, step cycle duration, swing phase, step length and foot angle),
and Berg Balance Scale (BERG) were applied on all participants before and after
treatment.

Results When the intra-group values were compared before and after the
treatment, TUG, PASS, MMSE, RMI and BERG values increased significantly. MAS
upper extremity and MAS lower extremity values decreased significantly.
(p<0.01). In the comparison between the groups, one of the
spatiotemporal parameters, cadence, total weight transfer, and maximum plantar
pressure values, increased significantly after the treatment. Step cycle
duration, swing phase, step length and foot angle values decreased significantly
after the treatment. (p<0.01)

Conclusion Unlike the literature, proprioceptive exercises that we add to
the conventional rehabilitation program can be used to improve muscle tone,
balance, perception, postural control, mobility, and spatiotemporal
parameters.
Effect of a Best-Practice Alert on the Rate of Smoking Cessation among Pregnant Women
Authors: Tvina Alina , Tillis Brian , Chen Meinuo , MacBeth Margaret , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Palatnik Anna
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine if a best-practice alert (BPA) implementation increases the rate of smoking cessation during pregnancy and affects pregnancy outcomes associated with smoking.

Study Design This was a pretest–posttest study design where a BPA was added to electronic medical records (EMR) of pregnant persons who reported active smoking. The BPA provided the 5A's method to conduct counseling on smoking cessation. The rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy were compared 1.5 years before and after implementation of the BPA. Secondary outcomes examined whether counseling on smoking cessation was done, the number of the counseling sessions during pregnancy, and obstetric outcomes associated with maternal smoking.

Results After implementation of the BPA, the rate of smoking cessation in pregnancy increased from 17.5% prior to BPA implementation to 54.9% after BPA implementation (p < 0.001). The rate of counseling on smoking cessation increased from 66.6% prior to BPA implementation to 95.6% after BPA implementation, with an increase noted also in the number of smoking cessation counseling sessions. In multivariate analyses, after controlling for maternal demographic and clinical factors, BPA implementation was significantly associated with higher rates of smoking cessation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–5.51), higher rates of documented smoking cessation counseling in the EMR (aOR: 12.44, 95% CI: 6.06–25.64), and higher odds of conducting the counseling more than once (aOR: 6.90 95% CI: 4.45–10.88).

Conclusion The rate of smoking cessation and number of times pregnant persons were counseled increased after implementation of a BPA. The BPA could be a useful EMR tool to increase smoking cessation rates during pregnancy.

Key Points
Management of Patients undergoing Elective Craniotomy under Antiplatelet or Anticoagulation Therapy: An International Survey of Practice
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Rychen Jonathan , Chiappini Alessio , Mariani Luigi , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda
Published: May 2023

Background The literature concerning the management of antiplatelet (AP) and anticoagulation (AC) medication in the perioperative phase of craniotomy remains scarce. The aim of this international survey was to investigate the current practice among neurosurgeons regarding their perioperative management of AP and AC medication.

Methods We distributed an online survey to neurosurgeons worldwide with questions concerning their perioperative practice with AP and AC medication in patients undergoing craniotomy. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results A total of 130 replies were registered. The majority of responders practice neurosurgery in Europe (79%) or high-income countries (79%). Responders reported in 58.9 and 48.8% to have institutional guidelines for the perioperative management of AP and AC medication. Preoperative interruption time was reported heterogeneously for the different types of AP and AC medication with 40.4% of responders interrupting aspirin (ASA) for 4 to 6 days and 45.7% interrupting clopidogrel for 6 to 8 days. Around half of the responders considered ASA safe to be continued or resumed within 3 days for bypass (55%) or vascular (49%) surgery, but only few for skull base or other tumor craniotomies in general (14 and 26%, respectively). Three quarters of the responders (74%) did not consider AC safe to be continued or resumed early (within 3 days) for any kind of craniotomy. ASA was considered to have the lowest risk of bleeding. Nearly all responders (93%) agreed that more evidence is needed concerning AP and AC management in neurosurgery.

Conclusion Worldwide, the perioperative management of AP and AC medication is very heterogeneous among neurosurgeons.
Cerebellar Atrophy and Epilepsy in Twins with a Novel SCN8A Mutation
Authors: Aleksandrova Iliyana , Asenova Asya , Todorov Tihomir , Atemin Slavena , Maver Ales , Peterlin Borut , Mitev Vanio , Todorova Albena , Bojinova Veneta
Published: May 2023

Purpose Pathogenic SCN8A variants are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, ranging from mild to severe epileptic phenotypes, cases of intellectual disability, or movement disorders without epilepsy. Ataxia and cerebellar atrophy are rarely described as components of the disease phenotype.

Case Presentation We present the cases of male twins, born after normal pregnancy and delivery, both with normal neuropsychological but with delayed motor development in the first 2 years of life. Between 8 months and 9 years of age, the boys experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures, several times per year. When 9 years old, the children suffered an increase in seizure frequency, and the family reported gradual worsening in coordination, speech, communication, and social skills. When 9 and a half years of age, the patients were admitted to the Clinic of Child Neurology for the first time. They both had coordination syndrome (intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia) that had worsened compared with previous reports, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebellar atrophy. The genetic testing confirmed a mutation c.2617G > T, p.Gly873Cys in SCN8A gene. After adding lamotrigine to valproate and levetiracetam, and adjusting the dosage of valproate and levetiracetam, we observed good seizure control accompanied by improvement in the coordination syndrome.

Conclusion The cerebellar atrophy in our patients is likely due to the underlying sodium channelopathy, as it was presented at the time of the seizure worsening, but we cannot exclude the role of the epileptic seizures as the worsening of the coordination syndrome accompanied the seizure aggravation, and the tendency toward improvement was evident after seizure control.
Study on Effectiveness and Tolerability of Adjunctive Perampanel Treatment in Children with Refractory Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Thavalenga Jincy , Nanjundappa Raghunath C.
Published: May 2023

Background Nearly 30% of patients with epilepsy are refractory to currently available antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved perampanel (PER) for patients as young as 4 years, there are limited data on using PER in children.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive PER treatment in children with refractory epilepsy (RE).

Methodology This prospective intervention study was conducted in the tertiary care center, in Bengaluru, India from December 2020 to May 2022. PER was added after the failure of a minimum of two ASDs and patients with 6 months follow-up. Treatment response was classified as complete, partial, or none with ≥90, ≥50, and <50% reduction in seizure frequency, respectively. Adverse events and discontinuation data were used to assess tolerability.

Results Our cohort consisted of 100 cases, a mean age of 9.3 ± 3.8 years and male:female ratio of 3:1. The predominant seizure type was generalized seizures (74%), and concomitant enzyme-inducing ASD use was noted in 27%. Structural etiology was noted in 57%. A total of 76% of participants responded to PER therapy (46% complete response and 30% partial response), while 23% showed no response and 1% discontinued the treatment. Adverse events were observed in 25% of participants (11/25 [44%] drowsiness/sedation, 10/25 [40%] behavioral problems, and 4 [16%] other side effects). Early PER add-on provided a statistically significant benefit over late PER add-on (p = 0.01). Response to PER did not differ significantly with the type of seizure and ASD used (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Adjunctive PER therapy is safe and effective for treating children with RE. An early add-on of PER is more beneficial in controlling seizures than a late add-on.
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictors of Disease Severity and Mortality in Critically Ill Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shenoy Sangeetha , Patil Shruti
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to predict the severity of illness as assessed by two scoring systems, namely, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III (PRISM-III) and outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study wherein all critically ill children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit from January 2021 to October 2022 were included. Children with chronic systemic diseases and hematological illness were excluded from the study. Demographic details, diagnosis, PRISM-III-24 and PELOD-2 scores at admission, and outcome were retrieved from the hospital case records. NLR and PLR values were compared among high and normal PRISM-III and PELOD-2 groups as well as among survivors and nonsurvivors. A total of 325 patients with critical illness were included with a mean (standard deviation) age of 7(5) years and a male: female ratio of 3:2. The values of NLR were significantly higher among the patients with high PRISM-III (2.2 vs. 1.3, p-value = 0.006) and PELOD-2 (2 vs. 1.4, p-value = 0.015) groups compared with normal. The NLR and PLR were significantly higher among the nonsurvivors compared with the survivors (2.3 vs. 1.4, p-value = 0.013, and 59.4 vs. 27.3, p-value = 0.016 for NLR and PLR, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for NLR and PLR was 0.617 and 0.609, respectively. A high PLR, PRISM-III, and PELOD-2 were the factors found to be independently associated with mortality on multiple logistic regression analysis. Patients with high NLR are associated with more severe illness at admission. NLR and PLR are useful parameters to predict mortality.
Neurorecovery after Critical COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Alabsi Haitham , Emerson Kristi , Lin David J.
Published: May 2023

With the hundreds of millions of people worldwide who have been, and continue to be, affected by pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its chronic sequelae, strategies to improve recovery and rehabilitation from COVID-19 are critical global public health priorities. Neurologic complications have been associated with acute COVID-19 infection, usually in the setting of critical COVID-19 illness. Neurologic complications are also a core feature of the symptom constellation of long COVID and portend poor outcomes. In this article, we review neurologic complications and their mechanisms in critical COVID-19 illness and long COVID. We focus on parallels with neurologic disease associated with non-COVID critical systemic illness. We conclude with a discussion of how recent findings can guide both neurologists working in post-acute neurologic rehabilitation facilities and policy makers who influence neurologic resource allocation.
A Prospective Pilot Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Endometriosis: The UAE-E Study
Authors: Koukounaras Jim , Clements Warren , Ang W. Catarina , Zia Adil , Lukies Matthew , Moriarty Heather K , Kavnoudias Helen
Published: May 2023

Purpose Uterine artery embolization (UAE) evidence is increasing in the setting of adenomyosis, which shares pathological similarities to endometriosis. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside of the uterus, and the retrograde menstruation hypothesis may account for disease development. In women where fertility is no longer desired, hysterectomy can be offered to improve pain-related symptoms. The authors hypothesize that this cohort of patients may similarly respond to UAE. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of UAE in the management of endometriosis-related symptoms.

Methods Six-patient prospective single-arm pilot study in female, premenopausal patients over 40 years with symptoms of endometriosis. Institutional review board approval was obtained.

Inclusion criteria include completed family, premenopausal, pelvic endometriosis as confirmed by laparoscopy within the last 5 years, and symptoms of endometriosis impacting quality of life as evidenced by the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy pelvic pain and Short Form-36 questionnaires.

Results The primary endpoint will be safety, as assessed by the composite number of procedural and postprocedural complications during procedure, predischarge, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Secondary endpoints will include technical success, clinical success, and durability.

Discussion This study will be a novel application of UAE in the setting of endometriosis and has the potential to improve patient quality of life. This pilot study will assess safety and allow the investigators to design a prospective randomized controlled study.
Use of intrinsic hysteresis for the active control of internal transport barriers in magnetically confined fusion plasmas
Authors: Panta S. R. , Newman D. E. , Terry P. W. , Sanchez R.
Published: May 2023

In magnetically confined fusion devices, control of internal transport barriers (ITBs) is important both to enhance and suppress the turbulent transport to improve confinement control. Barrier control should allow for the improvement of confinement to aid in achieving the needed fusion criteria while also permitting the degradation of confinement to control profiles and clean the device by moving out the impurities accumulated near the core. In this work, we present a novel control scenario that takes advantage of the hysteresis intrinsic to transport barriers to easily cycle through enhanced and degraded confinement regimes. The control scenario is illustrated using a five-field simplified transport model for an ITB using typical parameters of a neutral beam injection-heated DIII-D tokamak discharge. Pellets and ion cyclotron resonance frequency power are used as control knobs for this active control scenario. These knobs adequately modify at will the local gradients and, therefore, the growth rates and shearing rates, allowing for easy and efficient control of the barrier by taking advantage of the barrier hysteresis. The result is a control cycle that could be operated with a relatively small amount of power in high performance regimes which, nowadays, typically require large power to control. It may also have advantages to avoid, or at least ameliorate, the appearance of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the barrier region.