bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity Induces Different Regional Patterns of Lymph Node Involvement: Assay on 8,979 Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Li Changlin , Liang Nan , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Guan Haixia , Sun Hui
Published: October 2020

Introduction Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the first station of extra-gland metastasis of thyroid cancer. LN status can influence clinical decisions and the prognosis of patients. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between obesity and regional patterns of LN involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Materials and methods This study retrospectively analyzed the data from 8,979 thyroid cancer patients. The rate of LN metastasis, the number of LN metastasis, the maximum diameter of positive LN, the number of LN dissections, and the LN ratios (LNR) were compared between normal-weight and obese patients.Results LN metastasis was more common in the obese group than normal-weight patients with PTC (52.6 vs. 42.0%, P <0.001). The number of LN metastasis and the maximum diameter of positive LNs were also higher in obese patients (2.41 vs. 1.79, P <0.001; 2.00 vs. 1.60, P =0.007, respectively). The number of lateral neck LN dissections was higher in the obese group (14.37 vs. 12.10, P <0.001), there was no significant difference in the central LNs. The LNR was higher in the central LNs of obese patients (0.18 vs. 0.14, P <0.001), yet there was no difference in the lateral LNs.Conclusions Obesity was associated with poor prognoses with PTC, which was related to the LNs. There was an inverse regional difference (central and lateral LNs) between obesity and the number of LN dissections and LNR, suggesting that caution was needed when performing central neck dissection in obese patients.
An Effective Processing Pipeline for Harmonizing DNA Methylation Data from Illumina’s 450K and EPIC Platforms for Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Vanderlinden Lauren A , Johnson Randi K , Carry Patrick M , Dong Fran , DeMeo Dawn L. , Yang Ivana V , Norris Jill M , Kechris Katerina
Published: October 2020

Objective: Illumina BeadChip arrays are commonly used to generate DNA methylation data for large epidemiological studies. Updates in technology over time create challenges for data harmonization within and between studies, many of which obtained data from the older 450K and newer EPIC platforms. The pre-processing pipeline for DNA methylation is not trivial, and influences the downstream analyses. Incorporating different platforms adds a new level of technical variability that has not yet been taken into account by recommended pipelines. Our study evaluated the performance of various tools on different versions of platform data harmonization at each step of pre-processing pipeline, including quality control (QC), normalization, batch effect adjustment, and genomic inflation. We illustrate our novel approach using 450K and EPIC data from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) prospective cohort. Results: We found normalization and probe filtering had the biggest effect on data harmonization. Employing a meta-analysis was an effective and easily executable method for accounting for platform variability. Correcting for genomic inflation also helped with harmonization. We present guidelines for studies seeking to harmonize data from the 450K and EPIC platforms, which includes the use of technical replicates for evaluating numerous pre-processing steps, and employing a meta-analysis.
Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP) Extract from Coriolus Versicolor Decreased Tmax of Tamoxifen and Maintained Biochemical Serum Parameters, with No Change in the Metabolism of Tamoxifen in the Rat
Authors: Naumovski Valentina , Kimble Benjamin , Laurenti Daunia , Nammi Srinivas , Norimoto Hisayoshi , Chan Kelvin
Published: October 2020

BackgroundNatural products such as mushrooms are increasingly used as adjunct therapies in cancer to stimulate the immune system. However, little is known about their interaction with chemotherapy drugs. This study investigated whether a commercial polysaccharide peptide (PSP) extract of the mushroom Coriolus (C.) versicolor interacts with tamoxifen, a common chemotherapy drug used in breast cancer. MethodsThe pharmacokinetic and biochemical parameters of tamoxifen in female Sprague-Dawley rats’ serum were determined after orally administering tamoxifen (20 mg/kg) at a single dose and repeated dosing with and without C. versicolor (340 mg/kg). ResultsAlthough the area-under-curve and maximum concentration showed no significant differences in both the single dose and repeated dosing, time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) increased by 228% and 93%, respectively, in the rats treated with C. versicolor (p<0.05). The repeated dosing of C. versicolor, when co-administered with repeated dosing of tamoxifen, maintained 19 out of 23 biochemical serum parameters in rats compared to control (p<0.05). Using hepatic female rat microsomes, an in vitro study showed that the extract (10 – 100 µg/mL) did not significantly alter the rate of tamoxifen depletion which is known to be mediated by cytochromes P450 (CYP450). ConclusionsThese results indicate that C. versicolor may delay the intestinal absorption of tamoxifen and maintain biochemical serum parameters, without any change in tamoxifen’s metabolism. If clinical trials confirm this result, the timing of tamoxifen and C. versicolor administration would need to be considered to avoid potential drug interactions resulting from a delay in achieving the systemic level of the anti-cancer medication.
Synergistic activity of colistin combined with PFK-158 against colistin-resistant and colistin-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Chen Liqiong , Yu Kaihang , Chen Lijiang , Zheng Xiangkuo , Huang Na , Lin Yishuai , Jia Huaiyu , Liao Wenli , Cao Jianming , Zhou Tieli
Published: October 2020

Background: The emergence of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria poses a serious public health threat and warrants immediate action. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the antibacterial activity of colistin through the combination with other drugs. In this study, we demonstrate the synergistic activity of colistin combined with PFK-158 against colistin-susceptible but more importantly against colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including non-fermenting bacteria (P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii) and Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli and K. pneumoniae).Methods: 18 colistin-resistant and 12 colistin-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria were collected as the experimental strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin and PFK-158 against all strains were determined by the broth microdilution method. The MICs of routine antimicrobial agents including aztreonam (ATM), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefepime (FEP), imipenem (IMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LVX), gentamicin (GEN), tobramycin (TOB) for all 30 experimental strains were determined by bioMerieux VITEK-2 (BioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France). The synergistic activity of colistin combined with PFK-158 in vitro was assessed using the checkerboard assay and the time-kill assays.Results: The results of the checkerboard assay showed that when colistin was used in combination with PFK-158, synergistic activity was observed against the 18 colistin-resistant and the 8 colistin-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, and the remaining 4 colistin-susceptible strains showed additive activity. No irrelevant activity and antagonistic activity was observed for all strains. The results of the time-killing assays presented that the killing activity against the colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterium were evident for the combination of colistin and PFK-158, compared with the groups adding colistin or PFK-158 alone. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results strongly exhibited that the combination of colistin and PFK-158 displayed the significant synergistic activity against all tested colistin-resistant and most colistin-susceptible Gram-negative strains. PFK-158 was found to potentiate the antibacterial activity of colistin against a wide panel of colistin-resistant and colistin-susceptible Gram-negative strains no matter what species (including non-fermenting bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae). It may be a potential new choice for the treatment of infections caused by the clinical Gram-negative strains.
Vincosamide inhibits malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating caspase-3 activity and blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Mingyue , Feng Haipeng , Lin Bo , Zhou Ying , Zheng Yifeng , Liu Kun , Li Mengsen
Published: October 2020

Background: Vincosamide(Vinco) was first identified in the methanolic extract of the leaves of Psychotria leiocarpa, and Vinco has important anti-inflammatory effects and activity against cholinesterase, Vinco also has a trait to ant-tumor. However, whether Vinco is able to inhibit the malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells is still unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of Vinco in suppressing the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.Methods: MTT, trypan blue exclusion assay and the Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 analysis were applied to detect the proliferation and death of HCC cells; electron microscopy was performed to observe the change of cellular mitochondrial morphology; scratch repair and Transwell assays were used to analyze the migration and invasion of HCC cells; the expression and localization of proteins were detected by laser confocal microscopy and Western blotting; and the growth of the cancer cells in in vivo was assessed in a mouse tumorous model.Results: At a dose of 10-80 mg/ml, Vinco inhibited the proliferation and promoted death of HCC cells in a dose-independent manner, but had low cytotoxcity effect on normal liver cells. Additionally, 80 mg/ml of Vinco could significantly disrupt the morphology of mitochondria, suppress the migration and invasion of HCC cells. The growth of HCC cells in the animal tumorous model was significantly inhibited after treatment with Vinco (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. The results of the present study indicated that Vinco (10-80 mg/ml) played a role in activating caspase-3, promoting the expression of PTEN, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT(Ser473) and mTOR(Thr2448), Vinco also has a trait for suppressing the expression of CXCR4, Src, MMP9, EpCAM, Ras and Oct4 in HCC cells.Conclusions: Vinco has a role in inhibiting the malignant behaviors of HCC cells; the role molecular mechanism of Vinco maybe involve in restraining expression of the growth-, metastasis-related factors Src, Ras, MMP9, EpCAM and CXCR4, and activating the activity of caspase-3. Vinco also could block PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, Vinco is an available chemotherapy for HCC patients.
Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters
Authors: Yuan Shuofeng , Yin Xin , Meng XiangZhi , Chan Jasper , Ye Zi-Wei , Riva Laura , Pache Lars , Chan Chris Chun-Yiu , Lai Pok-Man , Chan Chris , Poon Vincent , Matsunaga Naoko , Pu Yuan , Yuen Chun-Kit , Cao Jianli , Liang Ronghui , Tang Kaiming , Sheng Li , Du Yushen , Xu Wan , Sze Kong-Hung , Zhang Jinxia , Chu Hin , Kok Kin-Hang , To Kelvin , Jin Dong-Yan , Sun Ren , Chanda Sumit , Yuen Kwok-Yung
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 pandemic is the third zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) outbreak of the century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) since 2012. Treatment options for CoVs are largely lacking. Here, we show that clofazimine, an anti-leprosy drug with a favorable safety and pharmacokinetics profile, possesses pan-coronaviral inhibitory activity, and can antagonize SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple in vitro systems, including the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and ex vivo lung cultures. The FDA-approved molecule was found to inhibit multiple steps of viral replication, suggesting multiple underlying antiviral mechanisms. In a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, prophylactic or therapeutic administration of clofazimine significantly reduced viral load in the lung and fecal viral shedding, and also prevented cytokine storm associated with viral infection. Additionally, clofazimine exhibited synergy when administered with remdesivir. Since clofazimine is orally bioavailable and has a comparatively low manufacturing cost, it is an attractive clinical candidate for outpatient treatment and remdesivir-based combinatorial therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in developing countries. Taken together, our data provide evidence that clofazimine may have a role in the control of the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2, endemic MERS-CoV in the Middle East, and, possibly most importantly, emerging CoVs of the future.
Reusability of P3 facial filter in pandemic emergency: a 3D Analysis of a filter microstructure with X-Ray micro-tomography images after dry heat and UV sterilization procedures.
Authors: Borro Luca , Raponi Massimiliano , Fattore Andrea Del , Zanini Franco , Lillo Francesca Di , Contillo Adriano , Piazza Eleonora Di , Bordonaro Veronica , Tozzi Alberto Eugenio , Secinaro Aurelio
Published: October 2020

Objective: We sought to evaluate the effects of heating and UltraViolet (UV) sterilization on level 3 protection microstructure (P3) used on disposable filtering facepieces.Intervention: P3 facial filter has been exposed to dry heat and UV sterilization procedures.Methods: P3 facial filter samples underwent standardized sterilisation processes based on dry heat and UV irradiation techniques. We analysed key parameters of internal microstructure, such as fibres thickness and porosity, before and after sterilization using 3D data obtained with a synchrotron radiation based X-ray computed microtomography (Micro-CT). The analyzed filter has two inner layers that we called "finer" and "coarser" layers. The "finer" layer consists of a dense fibers network while the "coarser" layer has a less compact fiber network. Results: Analysis on 3D images showed no statistically significant differences between P3 Filter of Controls and dry heat/UV sterilized samples. In particular, averages fibres thickness in the finer layer of Controls, 60° dry heated and UV irradiated samples group was almost identical for each group. Average fibres thickness for coarser layer of Controls, 60° dry heated and UV irradiated samples group was very similar measuring 19.33 µm (±0.47), 18.33 µm (±0.47) and 18.66 µm (±0.47), respectively. Of note, there was no substantial difference in fibres maximum thickness in the finer layers and coarser layers. For Controls group samples maximum thickness was on average of 11.43 µm (±1.24) in the finer layer and 59.33 µm (±6.79) in the coarser layer. Similarly, 60° dry heated group samples were thickened 12.2 µm (±0.21) in the finer layer and 57.33 µm (±1.24) in the coarser layer, while UV irradiated samples group the mean max thickness is 12.23 µm (±0.90) in the finer layer and 58.00 µm (±6.68) in the coarser layer.Theoretical porosity analysis resulted of 74% and 88%, for finer and coarser layer, respectively. Theoretical porosity of finer layers tend to decrease on dry heat and UV irradiated samples when compared with the respective controls samples.Conclusions: Dry heat and UV sterilization processes do not substantially alter morphometry of the internal microstructure of the P3 filter samples studied with Micro-CT. The current study suggests that safe P3 filter facepiece reusability is theoretically feasible and should be further investigated.
Assessment Methods of Intellectual Product in Research Universities
Authors: Zhylinska O. , Novikova I. , Stepanova A. , Vikulova A.
Published: October 2020

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific debate over how to find the best methodology for valuing the intellectual products of research universities. The main purpose of the research is to propose a methodology for evaluating the product of intellectual labour in research universities. The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem of valuation of intellectual property has shown that, despite the considerable amount of scientific work on the valuation of intellectual property objects, there is no methodology for their evaluation in research universities. This problem is actualized at the stage of transformation of an intellectual product into a full-fledged type of economic activity. This study sheds light on the basic basics of the proposed methodology for determining the technical and economic utility of an intellectual product. The author’s methodology improves the classification of the intellectual property valuation and the basic concepts used in carrying out the valuation, the types of values, methodological approaches to the valuation and calculation of the intellectual property, the baseline information requirements, the evaluation procedure and the calculations. However, particular attention is paid to the main provisions for evaluating the university’s intellectual performance. The developed methodological recommendations will be useful to experts in cost estimation in intellectual property, in rendering independent valuation services, in carrying out internal valuation and in experts in carrying out valuation assessment. The methodological basis of the study is a scientific and practical understanding of the achievements of foreign scientists in the field of intellectual capital theory and analysis of Ukrainian legislation in the field of intellectual property. Methodological tools of the study were methods of economic-mathematical and logical-structural modelling. Research universities are selected as the research object because they are the core of the creation of intelligent and innovative products and the main driver of scientific and technological progress in the country and the world. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the developed methodology for the intellectual activity evaluation of research universities is the basis for organizing and implementing the process of determining the value of objects of intellectual property of the institution.

Keywords
intellectual property object, intellectual product, intellectual activity, research universities, methods of valuation of intellectual property objects.
Management of Companies Performance: Impact of Immaterial Capital
Authors: Lahmini Hajar Mouatassim , Mialed Karima , Mokhlis Chams Eddoha
Published: October 2020

The authors present their arguments and counterarguments on the issue of Immaterial capital and its impact on companies’ performance. The main purpose of the research is to assess companies’ Immaterial Capital and to measure its impact on stock performance. The article has three main objectives: 1) to define immaterial capital and propose a methodology for its assessment; 2) to determine the proportion of Immaterial Capital created in Moroccan companies listed on the Casablanca stock exchange while using the retained measurement methodology; 3) to verify the impact of Immaterial Capital on stock performance. Systematisation literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of Immaterial Capital assessment indicates that there is no broad consensus on that issue. Indeed, given its multidimensional character, immaterial capital is difficult to measure. It is worth to note that several approaches to assessing that capital, which weighs very heavily on the enterprise’s finances, have been developed. In this paper, the authors propose to measure immaterial capital in Moroccan companies listed on the Casablanca Stock exchange, while using two assessing methods, namely price-to-book and Enterprise Value-based approaches. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis which showed that a lot of sectors create immaterial wealth, in particular telecommunication sector, cement manufacturer, electricity, hydrocarbon distribution, mining, port services, food and beverages, autos distribution and pharmaceutical sector. The research empirically confirmed that all sectors which have a price to book ratio above 3 generate a positive immaterial capital calculated by the second methodology used. The results of the research can be useful for all companies that want to measure their real wealth and consequently to manage their performance competently. It should be noted that the analyses performed in this article are preliminary only. An extension to unlisted companies is intended so that the generalisation of the results would be possible. Keywords assessment, Casablanca stock exchange (CSE), enterprise value (EV), immaterial capital (IC), listed companies, Price-to-Book Ratio (PBR).
Innovations in the Company’s Earning Management: The Case for the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Kliestik Tomas , Nica Elvira , Suler Peter , Valaskova Katarina
Published: October 2020

Earning management is a collection of managerial decision that results in not reporting the true short-term, value-maximizing earnings as known to management. It is focused on the changes in financial reporting to mislead the stakeholders and achieve contractual benefits. Earnings management emphasizes the manipulation of accounting choices and operating cash flows, and it is known as a practice which chooses an accounting treatment that is either opportunistic (maximizing the utility of management only) or economically efficient. The paper deals with the possibilities of detection and quantification of trend, degree and scope of the earnings management of Slovak and Czech companies from 2015 to 2017. The paper aimed to create a systematic overview of the earnings management specificities considering the enterprises’ innovation policy as the phenomenon of earnings management understood ambiguously, contradictory and without consensus. The paper is to explain various opinions of earnings management understanding and to propose methodical instrumentation for the detection and quantification of earnings management. The validity of the focus in question is multiplied by the possibility of smooth implementation in the transition countries, countries that even after almost thirty years of transformation, still show a significant degree of difference from countries with a developed market economy. In total, 29 earnings management detection models were subjected to forensic analysis. 2,155 Slovak and 4,842 Czech enterprises represented the statistical sample after the removal of extreme values. The most effective model to reveal manipulation with earnings is the Kothari model. Using the Friedman non-parametric test, trend, degree and scope of earnings management were tested. The results of the analysis showed interesting results – countries tend to manipulate earnings upwards. Detection of earnings management practices in enterprises is of vital importance provided that the real and correct data have to be presented to stakeholders and third parties to prevent any forms of financial and credit risks.

Keywords
earnings management, earnings management detection models, discretionary accruals.
Errores en el análisis factorial de escala de ansiedad de Zung en una muestra colombiana
Authors: Cassiani-Miranda Carlos Arturo
Published: October 2020

El 18-04-2020 apareció publicada en Duazary una carta al editor que evaluó el desempeño psicométrico de Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale-15 (SAS-15). En aras de contribuir a promover la discusión constructiva sobre la literatura publicada en su revista hago algunas consideraciones críticas: En primer lugar, hay que recordar que el primer paso en la validación de una escala es la adecuada selección de la misma.
Implicaciones del porte legal de armas en salud pública: Una mirada desde el caso colombiano
Authors: Orozco-Muñoz Javier S. , Tascón-Hernández Jorge D. , Chica-Ocampo Maria Camila , Sánchez-Duque Jorge A.
Published: October 2020

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define la violencia como el uso de la fuerza física de manera exagerada contra sí mismos o con miembros de una comunidad. Cada acto de violencia en sí, genera un aumento del riesgo de muerte, de esta manera, se estima que 9 de cada 10 muertes violentas no se encuentra asociada al conflicto armado.
Respuesta a las Consideraciones del autor Cassiani-Miranda al respecto de la Comportamiento psicométrico de la Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale-15 (SAS-15) versión español, durante el aislamiento físico por pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Rodríguez-De Avila UIbaldo Enrique , Leon-Valle Zuleima Lucía , Ceballos-Ospino Guillermo Augusto
Published: October 2020

El profesor Cassiani-Miranda habla de  de nuestra autoría, con el objetivo .
Anti-cancer Immunotoxins, Challenges, and Approaches
Authors: Dashtiahangar Maryam , Rahbarnia Leila , Farajnia Safar , Salmaninejad Arash , Shabgah Arezoo Gowhari , Ghasemali Samaneh
Published: October 2020

:

The development of recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) as a novel therapeutic strategy has made a revolution in the treatment of cancer. RITs result from the fusion of antibodies to toxin proteins for targeting and eliminating cancerous cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Despite indisputable outcomes of RITs regarding inhibition of multiple cancer types, high immunogenicity has been known as the main obstacle in the clinical use of RITs. Various strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations, including immunosuppressive therapy, humanization of the antibody fragment moiety, generation of immunotoxins originated from endogenous human cytotoxic enzymes, and modification of the toxin moiety to escape the immune system. This paper is devoted to review recent advances in the design of immunotoxins with lower immunogenicity.
Withdrawal Notice: Therapeutic Options for Treatment of COVID-19: A Review from Repurposed Drugs to New Drug Targets
Authors: Akhtar Bushra , Muhammad Faqir , Sharif Ali , Hannan Abdul
Published: October 2020

The article has been withdrawn from the journal “Current Drug Targets” due to the English language issues.

Bentham Science apologizes to its readers for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publishers that manuscripts submitted to this journal should not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure, or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and while submitting- ting the article for publication, the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers, if and when the article is accepted for publication.
A Comparative Survey on Antioxidant Activity of Iranian Shrimp Waste (Penaeus semisulcatus) and Synthetic Antioxidants
Authors: Saatloo Naiema Vakili , Peivasteh-Roudsari Leila , gharehgheshlaghi Hadi Eghbaljoo , Khaniki Gholamreza Jahed , Nodehi Ramin Nabizadeh , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Sadighara Parisa
Published: October 2020

Shrimp waste, as an important source of natural carotenoids, is produced in large quantities in seafood processing
industry. One of the important characteristics of carotenoids is their ability to act as antioxidants, thus protecting cells and
tissues from damaging effects of free radicals and singlet oxygen. The aim of this study was to find effective method for carotenoid
extraction [Enzymatic and alkaline treatment] from shrimp waste and compare their antioxidant potential with synthetic
antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA] and butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT] using sunflower oil. The sunflower
oil was exposed to three concentration of extracted carotenoid [470, 235 and 118 mg/kg] and synthetic antioxidants. The
inhibition of lipid peroxidation was evaluated for Malondialdehyde and peroxide value.

The mean values of carotenoid extract were 243 and 170 mg/kg for enzymatic and alkaline treatment, respectively. So the
highest efficacy of carotenoid extraction was obtained from enzymatic extraction. The oil samples containing 470 ppm carotenoid,
which extracted by alcalase as the default treatment, exhibited the less peroxide value and higher antioxidant potential
than the oil samples containing synthetic antioxidants. According to the results, the synthetic antioxidants can be replaced
by extracted carotenoids from shrimp waste as a natural antioxidant to inhibit oxidation.
MCC950 Reduces Neuronal Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: He Ning , Zheng Xiaohe , He Teng , Shen Gerong , Wang Kunyu , Hu Jue , Zheng Mingzhi , Ding Yueming , Song Xinghui , Zhong Jinjie , Chen Ying-Yung , Wang Lin-Lin , Yueliang Shen
Published: October 2020

Background:

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a severe condition usually accompanied
by an inflammatory process that gives rise to uncontrolled local apoptosis and a subsequent
unfavorable prognosis. One reason for this unfavorable outcome could be the activation of the NLRP3
inflammasome.

Objective:

MCC950 is a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 that further inhibits the formation of the NLRP3
inflammasome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the NLRP3 inflammasome
was associated with the severity of local apoptosis and whether MCC950 could prevent neuronal
apoptosis following SCI.

Methods:

In this study, primary cortical neurons were cultured in vitro. With or without pretreatment/
posttreatment with MCC950, neurons were subjected to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD)
for 2 h and then reperfusion for 20 h. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression of
NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1 in neurons. In vivo, SCI model mice were established with a
5 g weight-drop method. MCC950 was intraperitoneally injected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days after
SCI. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores and footprint assays were used to assess motor function.
Paw withdrawal threshold and tail-flick latency were used to assess somatosensory function. H&E,
Nissl, and TUNEL staining were used to measure histological changes and apoptosis at 3 days after
SCI, and scar formation was observed by Masson staining and GFAP immunohistochemical analysis
at 28 days after SCI.

Results:

Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that MCC950 inhibited OGD-induced activation
of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons. Behavioral tests, Masson staining, and GFAP immunohistochemical
analysis showed that MCC950-treated mice had improved neuronal functional recovery
and reduced scar formation at 28 days after SCI. H&E, Nissl, and TUNEL staining confirmed that
there were more living neurons and fewer apoptotic neurons in MCC950-treated mice than control
mice at 3 days after SCI.

Conclusion:

These results reveal that MCC950 exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing neuronal
apoptosis, preserving the survival of the remaining neurons, attenuating the severity of the damage,
and promoting the recovery of motor function after SCI.
Cardiac Biomarkers in Stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Dementia. Are They of Use? A Brief Overview of Data from Recent Investigations
Authors: Khan Shahzad , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: October 2020

Conventionally, cardiac biomarkers are recognized as an essential tool to investigate the
presence or progression of various cardiovascular diseases. However, in recent years, data from several
clinical trials have successfully sorted out the utility of cardiac biomarkers in diseases that are
not primarily regarded as “cardiac diseases,” especially neurological diseases. Results of freshly
published trials have endorsed the use of cardiac biomarkers in various forms of stroke and dementia,
including Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is also one of the other CNS conditions
where measuring cardiac biomarkers have been found to be useful. Cardiac biomarkers can be helpful
in two ways. Firstly, to assess the secondary involvement of the heart during the progression of
the primary disease. Secondly, they can be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of the primary condition
itself. In this short review, we have collected encouraging results from recent studies that
show the importance of the most widely recognized cardiac biomarkers in two of the most prominent
neurological diseases of the current world, i.e., stroke and dementia.
Withdrawal Notice: COVID-19: Outbreak to Global
Authors: Paliwal Deepika , Khan Shoaib , Chaki Anindita
Published: October 2020

The article for the journal Anti-Infective Agents; has been removed by the Publisher due to acute language inconsistencies and
grammatical errors.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Development and Realization of a Computer Monitoring System Based on a Power Network
Authors: Qin Qin
Published: October 2020

Background:

To solve an electric power enterprise for a safe operation of power systems.

Methods:

A data acquisition technology based on multi-thread mechanism of data collection technology
is proposed; its application may provide a data acquisition rate of 1832/min and an update cycle of
approximately 30 s to ensure efficient and reliable performance on a large-scale electric power realtime
data acquisition.

Results:

A power state index diagnosis algorithm is designed.

Conclusion:

The on-line real-time diagnosis of the current operating state for the power system is realized,
and its importance is given.
QSAR to Design an Effective Eco-friendly Inhibitor Model from Chitosan Derivatives Sea-food Waste based on DFT Calculations and Experimental Study
Authors: El Sayed Doaa S. , Makhyoun Mohamed A.
Published: October 2020

Background:

A density functional theory (DFT) study of some selected eco-friendly chitosan derivatives was performed, recently used as corrosion inhibitors for steel in 0.1M and 0.5M HCl. Correlation between observed and predicted inhibition efficiencies is based on QSAR by some statistical calculations.

Methods:

We extracted the optimum molecular descriptors for the chitosan derivatives group under study and it was found that these descriptors have a proper effect on increasing the inhibition efficiency that was proved by applying the theoretical calculations (non-linear regression) on two models of chitosan derivatives (ChI and ChII). The quantum chemical descriptors most relevant to the corrosion inhibitors potential effect have been calculated in the aqueous phase. They include: EHOMO, ELUMO, dipole moment (D), molecular area (MA), molecular volume (MV), the charge on common oxygen (O Charge), the charge on common nitrogen (N Charge), nuclear repulsion energy (NRE), final single point energy (E) and total positive charge (TPC).

Results:

The optimum parameters resulted using multiple linear regression are EHOMO, CCO, CCN, and D. Using these optimum parameters, the models designed show good results in their inhibition effect on steel at the same environment of the chitosan derivatives group under study.

Conclusion:

Experimental explanation showed good results from modelling prediction, where the corrosion rate decreases markedly with increasing the concentration of the designed inhibitors till the optimum concentration where the rate becomes constant. SEM on the optimum inhibitor concentration proved the high inhibition efficiency obtained.
Corrigendum
Authors: Brawijaya Jurnal Kedokteran
Published: October 2020

First publish: February 29, 2020
In Vitro Test on the Effectiveness of Citrus limon and Allium sativum as Pediculicides
Authors: Susanty Elva , Lesmana Suri Dwi , Afandi Dedi , Yulianto Ragil , Andhika Kevin Rovi
Published: October 2020

Excessive usage of synthetic pediculicides, such as permethrin, lindane, and malathion, can induce resistance, environmental pollution, health problems, and even death. Efforts to prevent the side-effects of synthetic pediculicides are needed, one of which is by shifting to powerful yet safe natural pediculicides, such as Citrus limon (lemon) and Allium sativum (garlic). This study aimed to observe the effective concentration of Citrus limon and Allium sativum in vitro on the mortality of Pediculus humanus capitis (P. h. capitis). This research was an experimental laboratory study conducted in July to September 2019 in the Laboratory of Parasitology at Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau, while the making of Allium sativum extract was done at the Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Riau. A total of 288 samples of adult P. h. capitis was taken from children in two orphanages in Pekanbaru. Citrus limon juice and Allium sativum extract of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations, permethrin 1% as the positive control, and distilled water as the negative control were used in this study, and repetition was done three times. P. h. capitis mortality was observed every 10 - 120 minutes, characterized by the absence of movement of the legs and antenna. Data analysis was performed after 120 minutes with the one-way ANOVA test, LSD (=0.05), and Lethal Concentration 50 test (LC50). The one-way ANOVA test results of this study showed that statistically Citrus limon juice and Allium sativum extracts showed differences in each treatment formulation of juice on P. h. capitis mortality (Sig 0.017<0.05 and Sig 0.000<0.05) and LC50 juice of Citrus limon and Allium sativum extract by 51.999% and 72.426%. In this study, Citrus limon juice and Allium sativumÂ extract had effect as pediculicides.
Effect of Bortezomib on Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Histopathology Abdominal Aorta in Rats of Atherosclerosis Model
Authors: Ismawati Ismawati , Romus Ilhami , Maryanti Esy , Permatasari Nopi , Luthfianty Elfiah
Published: October 2020

The effects of using proteasome inhibitors on atherosclerosis could be beneficial or detrimental. This study aimed to analyze the effects of proteasome inhibitors in the progression stage. Experimental animals (18 rats) were divided into three groups, namely control (C) as a group of rats given standard feed, P1 as atherosclerosis-induced rat group, and P2 as atherosclerosis-induced rat group and given proteasome inhibitors. Proteasome inhibitor administered was bortezomib at a dose of 50Âµg/kgBW/day intraperitoneally on day 1 and 3. After four days of treatment, the termination and measurement of serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and abdominal aorta histopathology with hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out. Serum total cholesterol levels were measured using the CHOD-PAP (Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantypirin) method, whereas serum triglyceride levels were measured using the GPO-PAP (glycerol phosphatase oxidaseâˆ’phenol4-amino antipyrene peroxidase) method. Histopathological assessment was carried out with a scoring system in 9 fields of view with a 400x magnification, which was then averaged. The ANOVA test showed significant differences in serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and abdominal aortic histopathology between atherosclerosis and control groups, but there were no significant differences in the administration of bortezomib in atherosclerosis except in serum triglyceride levels. It can be concluded that the administration of 50Âµg/kg bortezomib for four days in the rats model of the progression stage of atherosclerosis can decrease serum triglyceride levels, although it can not inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and has no effect on serum total cholesterol.Â
Physical Activity Correlates to Body Mass Index among Medical Students
Authors: Vikawati Nura Eky , Sarosa Hadi , Makarim Fadli Rizal , Fasitasari Minidian
Published: October 2020

Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on preventing risk on cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome, including obesity. Learning behavior that tends to be sedentary causes medical students to tend to be physically inactive. This present study aimed to associate the physical activity (PA) level with blood pressure, body mass index, and non-fasting blood glucose level (NFBG) among medical students. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March in 2019 on the first-year medical students at Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA). A total of 167 medical students (64.7% female and 35.3% male) were enrolled in this study. The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form was used to measure the PA level. The activity level was classified into low, moderate, and high. Blood pressure and glucose level were measured using a digital sphygmomanometer and NFBG dipstick. The association between PA level and Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood Pressure (BP), and NFBG level were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. Chi square test was done to analyse the difference of PA level between male and female groups. The majority of the respondents had a low PA level (64.7%). A positive association was shown between PA level and BMI (p<0.05, r=0.192). Female medical students tend to be physically inactive than males (OR 2.004, 95% CI (1.038-3.8690)). Female students need to be encouraged to do more physical activity. The university's policies that promote physical outdoor activity need to be suggested.Â Â
Three Characterisctics of Atopy to Diagnose Allergy in Children with Respiratory Symptomps
Authors: Far-Far Imanuel , Endaryanto Anang , Setyoningrum Retno Asih , Soegiarto Gatot
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in the last decade. Therefore, precise and reliable in predicting allergy in children were needed. However, in daily practice, most misdiagnosis occurs because it is only based on a family history of allergy. This study aims to evaluate the chronicity, recurrence of symptoms with similar exposure, and family history of allergy to be used as a predictor of allergy in children with respiratory symptoms. Cross sectional study was conducted in children who referred to the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya from January 1st - July 31st 2019. Children with a suspected allergy who developed respiratory symptoms was included. The data was taken from standardized medical record. The sensitivity and specificity of the 3 characteristics of atopic with positive SPT were calculated. A total of 115 children were admitted and 109 children fulfill the inclusion criteria. Gender 60% male and 40% female. The most common group of age founded was age 5-<10 years 39.4%, followed by 1-<3 years (25.8%), 3-<5 years (22.9%), 10 years 8.3%, and <1 year (3.6%). Fifty-four patients (49.5%) fulfilled 3 characteristics of atopy and there were 64 patients (58.7%) with positive SPT results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 81.3%, 95.6%, 96.3%, and 78.2%, respectively. The 3 characteristics of atopy have good sensitivity and specificity to predict allergy in children.
ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАВОХІДНО-ТОНКОКИШКОВОГО АНАСТОМОЗУ ПІСЛЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНОЇ ТОТАЛЬНОЇ ТА ЛАПАРО-АСИСТОВАНОЇ ГАСТРОЕКТОМІЇ У ХВОРИХ НА РАК ШЛУНКУ
Authors: Верещако Р. І. , Сухін І. А. , Піскорський О. О. , Білиловець О. М. , Гилевич Р. С.
Published: October 2020

Резюме. Сьогодні рак шлунку стоїть на другому місті серед причин смерті від онкологічних захворювань. Існує два варіанти хірургічного лікування потенційно виліковних пацієнтів з неметастатичним раком шлунку, це лапароскопічна та відкрита гастроектомія. Відповідно є необхідність обговорення варіантів формування стравохідно-тонкокишкового анастомозу за методиками, які максимально спрощені, надійні, безпечні для пацієнта та економічно прийнятні. В статті досліджено методи формування різних типів стравохідно-тонкокишкових анастомозів, зокрема при лапароскопічній тотальний та лапаро-асистований гастроектомії. В роботі аналізуються результати лікування всього 41 пацієнта.

Чоловіків було 29, жінок 12. Середній вік пацієнтів складав 57 ± 9 років, середній індекс маси тіла (ІМТ) 25,0 ± 2,9. З метою прогнозування операційного ризику, фізичний стан пацієнтів оцінювали за шкалою, розробленою Американським Товариством Анестезіологів (ASA). Аналіз характеристики пухлини дозволив визначити стадію онкологічного захворювання як II у 17 пацієнтів та III у 24 пацієнтів. Вибір методу формування анастомозу залежить від досвіду хірурга, анатомічних особливостей пацієнта та економічної складової за кількістю розхідних матеріалів.

7 пацієнтам була виконана лапароскопічна тотальна гастроектомія з формуванням інтракорпорального анастомозу. Решті 34 пацієнтам виконувалась лапаро-асистована тотальна гастроектомія з формуванням циркулярного степлерного анастомозу двома способами:

1) введення зшивального апарату через місце майбутнього анастомозу за Брауном, кукса відвідної петлі тонкої кишки зашивалась відразу після пересічення тонкої кишки, за такою методикою були сформовані стравохідно-тонкокишкові анастомози у 23 пацієнтів;

2) введення зшивального апарату через куксу тонкої кишки з подальшим її зашиванням після формування анастомозу, такий підхід використано у 11 випадках.
НОВИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИБОРУ МЕТОДУ ЛІКУВАННЯ ДЕФЕКТІВ ТВЕРДИХ ТКАНИН ЗУБІВ
Authors: Бульбук О. В.
Published: October 2020

Резюме. Цілі: вивчити клінічну ефективність запропонованого алгоритму лікування пацієнтів із дефектами твердих тканин зубів.

Методи. Проведене лікування та спостереження за 50 пацієнтами із дефектами твердих тканин зубів різної локалізації, яким проводилося стоматологічне лікування за запропонованим нами алгоритмом. Проводили обстеження самої реставрації за модифікованою методикою USPHS. Тріщини та переломи зубів ми оцінювали та поділяли, згідно з класифікацією AAЕ.

Результати. У результаті проведених нами досліджень запропоновано систематизацію дефектів твердих тканин зубів LOV/DD і алгоритм вибору методу лікування дефектів твердих тканин зубів. Для перевірки ефективності запропонованого алгоритму було проведене лікування, згідно з запропонованим нами алгоритмом, та спостереження за 50 пацієнтами із дефектами твердих тканин зубів різної локалізації. При оцінці ефективності запропонованого алгоритму, після проведеного нами лікування пацієнтів, відсоток успішного лікування впродовж 18 місяців загалом становив (96,0±2,8) % за критеріями USPHS. Проаналізувавши результати дослідження ускладнень, нами відмічено, що в цих пацієнтів не спостерігалися випадки різних типів переломів зубів чи втрати зубів.

Висновки. При плануванні ортопедичного лікування пацієнтів із дефектами твердих тканин зубів рекомендується використовувати розроблений алгоритм вибору методу лікування дефектів твердих тканин зубів, що базується на запропонованій нами систематизації LOV/DD. При дефектах 3/3, 3/4, 4/1, 4/2 доцільно використовувати непряму реставрацію, при дефектах 4/3, 4/4 – штучні коронки, а у всіх інших випадках лікування проводити методом прямої реставрації.

Ключові слова: систематизація, дефект твердих тканин зуба, діагностика, реставрація, алгоритм вибору лікування.