bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived momentary willpower fluctuates with affect and predicts subsequent distress intolerance
Authors: Veilleux Jennifer , Skinner Kayla D , Baker Danielle , Chamberlain Kaitlyn
Published: May 2020

Although willpower—a common synonym for self-control—is typically construed as an individual difference, people may experience subjective shifts in their momentary willpower over time and based on context, where context includes affect. People who struggle with self-control (i.e., those with externalizing problems such as substance use, difficulties with eating, and those with borderline personality features) may be particularly vulnerable to willpower fluctuations. In three studies with four different sample groups (college students without borderline features: n = 49; borderline features group: n = 50; current smokers: n = 61; chronic dieters: n = 92), participants completed one week of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) where momentary willpower, positive affect, negative affect, tiredness, and distress intolerance were assessed randomly 7 times per day. Smokers and dieters provided additional reports about states prior to smoking and eating. Results revealed that higher momentary willpower was associated with lower negative affect and greater positive affect. Smokers and dieters reported lower willpower immediately before smoking and eating, respectively, and reported lower willpower alongside heightened craving uncontrollability. Lower momentary willpower also was associated with higher tiredness and concurrent distress intolerance. Finally, lower willpower predicted subsequent distress intolerance via time-lagged analyses for the psychopathology groups (borderline features, smokers, and dieters) only. Overall, this study suggests that perceptions of willpower are indicators of self-control self-efficacy, particularly for those who struggle with externalizing problems.
Assessing gain modulation as a cortical principle of natural language computation
Authors: Murphy Elliot
Published: May 2020

Recent work in language and computation in neural systems has begun to develop a model of linguistic computation relying on gain modulation, or the process whereby neurons combine multiple sources of information. In this brief article, I will review these proposals and provide two conclusions: First, gain modulation models of language face a number of internal conceptual and empirical difficulties. Second, our current understanding of gain modulation does not support its use as a core component of linguistic computation.
A Model of Distance Special Education Support Services Amidst COVID-19
Authors: Frederick Janice K. , Raabe Ginger R. , Rogers Valerie , Pizzica Jessica
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the everyday life of many individuals across the globe. The school closures across the majority of the United States have presented administrators, educators, and behavior analysts with the unprecedented task of deciding how best to teach and support our students, especially those accessing special education services. The current paper describes the steps our program took, in light of school closures, to advocate for and ultimately create and implement a model that allows special education students to access the behavior analytic educational supports they had received on campus (e.g., BCBA and paraprofessional support) in a novel and remote manner. We share details regarding the advocacy and collaboration process as well as the distance special education support model itself in hopes that similar processes and models can be implemented across geographical locations to assist special education students in accessing their educational and behavioral supports in a meaningful way throughout current and future school closures.
Crosslinguistic evidence against interference from extra-sentential distractors.
Authors: Mertzen Daniela , Laurinavichyute Anna , Dillon Brian , Engbert Ralf , Vasishth Shravan
Published: May 2020

Cue-based retrieval theories of sentence processing posit that long-distance dependencyformation is guided by a cue-based retrieval mechanism: dependents are retrieved viaretrieval cues associated with a verb. When retrieval cues match multiple similaritems in memory, this leads to cue-based retrieval interference. A landmark study byVan Dyke and McElree tested interference from sentence-external items: retrievalcues were manipulated to (mis-)match semantically similar items presented prior toa target dependency. The support for interference of this type is weak, and onlycomes from English object cleft constructions. Our study provides a cross-linguisticinvestigation of interference from sentence-external items: Three eyetracking studies inEnglish, German and Russian tested interference in the online processing of filler-gapdependencies under varying task demands. A fourth study attempted to replicatethe Van Dyke and McElree study using self-paced reading. Bayes factors analyzesshow cross-linguistic evidence against interference from sentence-external items. Abroader implication from these data is that cue-based retrieval interference is drivenby sentence-internal distracting items, suggesting that a cue-based search is restrictedto the current linguistic context.
Capturing and analyzing social representations. A first application of Natural Language Processing techniques to reader’s comments in COVID-19 news. Argentina, 2020
Authors: Rosati German , Domenech Laia , Chazarreta Adriana , Maguire Tomas
Published: May 2020

We present a first approximation to the quantification of social representations about the COVID-19, using news comments. A web crawler was developed for constructing the dataset of reader’s comments. We detect relevant topics in the dataset using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and analyze its evolution during time. Finally, we show a first prototype to the prediction of the majority topics, using FastText.
Withdrawn: Civic Work: Making a Difference On and Off the Clock
Authors: Schlachter Laura Hanson , Ársælsson Kristinn Már
Published: May 2020

This paper was accepted for publication in the American Journal of Sociology on March 3, 2024. Please do not further cite, use, or distribute previous versions of this paper.Instead please refer to the version available at https://doi.org/10.1086/730771 and use the following citation:Schlachter, Laura Hanson and Kristinn Már Ársælsson. 2024. "Civic Work: Making a Difference On and Off the Clock." American Journal of Sociology 130(1): 1-44.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States
Authors: McKay Tara , Henne Jeff , Gonzales Gilbert , Quarles Rebecca , Gavulic Kyle A. , Gallegos Sergio Garcia
Published: May 2020

After decades of navigating HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, gay and bisexual men are again responding to new and uncertain risks presented by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic by adapting aspects of their sexual behavior. We fielded a survey of LGBTQ Americans’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic collected from April 10 to May 10, 2020, an important time period during which most states issued stay-at-home orders (April 10 to April 30) and also began implementing phased reopening (May 1 to May 10). In this paper, we limit analyses to a subsample of 728 gay and bisexual men and focus on changes to sexual behavior in response to the pandemic. We find that many gay and bisexual men made significant changes to their sexual behavior and partner selection. Nine out of 10 men in our sample reported having either one sexual partner or no sexual partner in the last 30 days, which, for many, was a substantial decrease compared to just before the pandemic. Men also made changes to the kinds of partners they had and their sexual activities with partners (e.g., more virtual sex), engaged in new strategies to reduce their risks of infection from partners, and expressed high levels of concern about how HIV may affect COVID-19 risk, treatment, and recovery. We expect these changes to be important not only for reducing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, but also for reducing new sexually transmitted infections. Despite substantial changes in sexual behavior for most men in our sample, we note concerns around the sustainability of sexual behavior change over time and nondisclosure of COVID-19 symptoms to partners.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Emotional Contagion: Societies facing Collapse
Authors: Belli Simone , Alonso Claudia Valeria
Published: May 2020

This study will seek answers to three research questions, directed to evaluate the patterns and the structure of pandemics and contagious in different ages and territories, always taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic: What kind of patterns and emotional contagion are shared in different pandemic moments across ages and countries? How a pandemic affect our daily lives? Which type of emotion will dominate and why in the emotional contagion caused by a pandemic situation?To answer these research questions, our methodology is based on a mapping of epistemological knowledge from social science and history about how societies faced collapse due to epidemic outbreaks. Also, we present an autoethnography to revise moment by moment how professional and private lives are being affected by this pandemic right now.
Free Will in Human Behavior and Physics
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: May 2020

If the concept of “free will” is reduced to that of “choice” all physical world share the latter quality. Anyway the “free will” can be distinguished from the “choice”: The “free will” involves implicitly a certain goal, and the choice is only the mean, by which the aim can be achieved or not by the one who determines the target. Thus, for example, an electron has always a choice but not free will unlike a human possessing both. Consequently, and paradoxically, the determinism of classical physics is more subjective and more anthropomorphic than the indeterminism of quantum mechanics for the former presupposes certain deterministic goal implicitly following the model of human freewill behavior. Quantum mechanics introduces the choice in the fundament of physical world involving a generalized case of choice, which can be called “subjectless”: There is certain choice, which originates from the transition of the future into the past. Thus that kind of choice is shared of all existing and does not need any subject: It can be considered as a low of nature. There are a few theorems in quantum mechanics directly relevant to the topic: two of them are called “free will theorems” by their authors (Conway and Kochen 2006; 2009). Any quantum system either a human or an electron or whatever else has always a choice: Its behavior is not predetermined by its past. This is a physical law. It implies that a form of information, the quantum information underlies all existing for the unit of the quantity of information is an elementary choice: either a bit or a quantum bit (qubit).
The Small World Network of College Classes: Implications for Epidemic Spread on a University Campus
Authors: Weeden Kim A , Cornwell Benjamin
Published: May 2020

To slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, many universities shifted to online instruction and now face the question of whether and how to resume in-person instruction. This article uses transcript data from a medium-sized American university to describe three enrollment networks that connect students through classes, and in the process create social conditions for the spread of infectious disease: an university-wide network, an undergraduate-only network, and a liberal arts college network. All three networks are “small worlds” characterized by high clustering, short average path lengths, and multiple independent paths connecting students. Students from different majors cluster together, but gateway courses and distributional requirements create cross-major integration. Connectivity declines when large courses of 100 students or more are removed from the network, as might be the case if some courses are taught online, but moderately sized courses must also be removed before less than half of student-pairs are connected in three steps and less than two-thirds in four steps. In all simulations, most students are connected through multiple independent paths. Hybrid models of instruction can reduce but not eliminate the potential for epidemic spread through the small worlds of course enrollments.
Violence, worry and trust in the emergence of weapon-carrying
Authors: Brennan Iain
Published: May 2020

This paper identifies longitudinal predictors of weapon-carrying in a sample of 10-25 year olds in England and Wales. It conceptualises weapon-carrying as anticipation of an adverse event and proposes hypotheses about the origins of weapon-carrying derived from the field of risk analysis. Specifically, it tests if worry about victimisation and experience of violence predict later weapon-carrying and assesses the moderating influence of trust in the police. The results indicate that worry about victimisation does not predict weapon-carrying, but experience of violence does. Distrust of police and peer criminality were also identified as important precursors to weapon-carrying. The study provides further evidence that weapon-carrying is a product of exposure to violence and criminogenic factors rather than a response to concern about victimisation.
Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom
Authors: codagnone cristiano , Bogliacino Francesco , Gómez Camilo Ernesto , Charris Rafael Alberto , Montealegre Felipe , Liva Giovanni , Villanueva Francisco Lupiañez , Folkvord F. , Veltri Giuseppe Alessandro
Published: May 2020

Currently, many different countries are under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N=3,504), Spain (N=3,524) and the United Kingdom (N=3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to estimate the consequences of the economic lockdown in terms of mental health, by predicting the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lockdown and extreme social distancing in the three countries has had an enormous impact on individuals’ mental health and this should be taken into account for future decisions made on regulations concerning the pandemic.
Not Minding the Gap: Does Ride-Hailing Serve Transit Deserts?
Authors: Barajas Jesus , Brown Anne
Published: May 2020

Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates gaps in service that impede travelers’ abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing fills transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hailing origins and destinations to examine if ride-hailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs was most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. In bivariate analyses, transit service was not associated with ride-hailing trip ends. But after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, transit dependency, population density, and employment density, we found fewer ride-hailing trips in neighborhoods where bus service dominated and significantly more ride-hailing trips where rail service was prevalent. Patterns were slightly different for overnight weekend ride-hailing pick-ups, where higher transit density predicted a greater number of trips in nearby tracts. Additional research and policy is needed to ensure that ride-hailing services provide travel options to those who need them the most and fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.
Tempat Klinik Obat Aborsi Cytotec Makassar 082242388712 Jual Obat Penggugur Kandungan Di Makassar
Authors: halomuji
Published: May 2020

Jual Obat Aborsi Makassar, Jual Cytotec Makassar, Klinik Aborsi Di MakassarOBAT ABORSI MAKASSAR —  OBAT ABORSI AMPUH —  JUAL OBAT PENGGUGUR KANDUNGAN TUNTASObat Aborsi Ampuh 0822 4238 8712 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Ampuh Hub : 0822 4238 8712 | Jual Obat Aborsi Aman | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec Ampuh | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1–6 BulanJual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Misoprostol Asli Usia 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bulan 100% TuntasKami jual Obat Penggugur Kandungan Ampuh untuk kehamilan dari umur janin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bulan, Obat Penggugur Kandungan Asli Cytotec Misoprostol Pfizer Di Produksi Oleh Dokter Terkemuka Di AMERIKA PT PFIZER USA.Apa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jual-obat-aborsi-makassar* Paket Obat Telat Bulan — Obat Aborsi Standar 90% TingkatKeberhasilan* Paket Obat Telat Bulan — Obat Aborsi Tuntas 99% Tingkat Keberhasilanwebsite resmi : klinikobatherbal.comLalu Anda Kirimkan SMS Ke Nomer Kami___________________________________.:: HUBUNGI ::..:: PEMESANAN LEBIH NYAMAN VIA SMS ::.Di No. Hp / WA : 0822 4238 8712Call : 082242388712
Tempat Klinik Obat Aborsi Cytotec Mataram 082242388712 Jual Obat Penggugur Kandungan Di Mataram
Authors: kitaasemua
Published: May 2020

Jual Obat Aborsi Mataram, Jual Cytotec Mataram, Klinik Aborsi Di MataramOBAT ABORSI MATARAM —  OBAT ABORSI AMPUH —  JUAL OBAT PENGGUGUR KANDUNGAN TUNTASObat Aborsi Ampuh 0822 4238 8712 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Ampuh Hub : 0822 4238 8712 | Jual Obat Aborsi Aman | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec Ampuh | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1–6 BulanJual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Misoprostol Asli Usia 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bulan 100% TuntasKami jual Obat Penggugur Kandungan Ampuh untuk kehamilan dari umur janin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bulan, Obat Penggugur Kandungan Asli Cytotec Misoprostol Pfizer Di Produksi Oleh Dokter Terkemuka Di AMERIKA PT PFIZER USA.Apa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jual-obat-aborsi-cytotec-di-mataram-082242388712-obat-aborsi-penggugur-kandungan-ampuh* Paket Obat Telat Bulan — Obat Aborsi Standar 90% TingkatKeberhasilan* Paket Obat Telat Bulan — Obat Aborsi Tuntas 99% Tingkat Keberhasilanwebsite resmi : klinikobatherbal.comLalu Anda Kirimkan SMS Ke Nomer Kami___________________________________.:: HUBUNGI ::..:: PEMESANAN LEBIH NYAMAN VIA SMS ::.Di No. Hp / WA : 0822 4238 8712Call : 082242388712
Activité physique adaptée et maladie neurodégénérative
Authors: Leroy B.
Published: May 2020

Les patients atteints de maladies neurodégénératives ont été longtemps peu encouragés à fréquenter des programmes de réentraînement à l’effort de peur de voir s’aggraver leur maladie. Depuis un peu plus d’une dizaine d’années, de nombreux articles viennent complètement inverser cette hypothèse. Ainsi, le Dr Olivier Bouquiaux a été parmi les premiers en Wallonie à encourager la pratique d’activités physiques adaptées pour aider ces patients à se remettre en mouvement, en communiquant de façon originale et en créant une association sans but lucratif dédiée. Cela constituait un vrai défi, car il persiste encore aujourd’hui une méconnaissance de l’efficacité thérapeutique réelle de la médecine par l’exercice, un manque d’encouragement à la pratiquer et surtout d’infrastructures et de moyens financiers pour la déployer.
Empowering Political Executive: Analysing Government-Opposition Relations Amidst Constitutional Development During Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Regime
Authors: Khan Arif , Khan Bakhtiar , Saif Ul Islam
Published: May 2020

The era of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is characterized by sensational and dramatic political developments. As the post-1972 developments revealed, Bhuttos style of politics was quite different from what he had been projecting ever since 1967. The PPP was lacking the collaborative working mechanism. The opposition leaders sensed undemocratic treatment all the time. The PPP victory in the firstever general elections of 1970 afforded to the party an opportunity to make a new beginning. A change in the attitude of the party leadership, however, did not allow the ship of the nation to sail smoothly. This paper evaluates the performance of the PPP government with reference regarding constitutional development when PPP was in power. The purpose is to determine whether or not the PPP style of politics was in line with the spirit of the Constitution and under the established principles of democracy.
Relationship between Teachers Classroom Management Skills and Students Academic Achievements at Secondary level in Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Gul Andaz , Shah Rahmat Ullah , Ghazi Safdar Rahman
Published: May 2020

The major purpose of this study was to investigate “Relationship between Teachers Classroom Management Skills and Students Academic Achievements at Secondary level districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,” All government secondary schools of southern district were constituting the population of the study and all teachers and students of the secondary schools were also included in the population of the study. From each district, eight schools were selected as a sample from which four schools were male and four schools were female. From each school, five teachers and 20 students were selected as a sample or respondents in this way 280 teachers and 1120 students were selected as a sample of the study. The sample of the study was finalized by using the John Curry formula. The collected data was entered into SPSS version 23 for treatment. According to the nature of the objectives of the study T. Test, Pearsons correlation was used.
Media Agenda on War against Terrorism: An Analysis of British Newspapers
Authors: Safdar Aasima , Manzoor Samia , Zaheen Beenish
Published: May 2020

The war against terrorism was started by the Bush administration after the attacks of September 11th . In this context, America attacked Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 alongside British forces and NATO allies. The present article explored the agenda of the British press regarding War against Terrorism in British press. The study conducted thematic analysis of two mainstream British daily newspapers i.e. The Guardian and The Independent. The standpoint of the British press was inferred to find out either they supported the government stance or they adopted a critical viewpoint regarding these two wars. The results indicated that the British press advised their government to adopt responsible approach to deal with the crisis. Mostly, the issues related to terrorism, Al-Qaeda, US policies and British role in the war against terrorism dominated the news agenda of the British newspapers. The press stressed on the strong role of UNO during the war against terrorism.
Need Analysis of School Management Information System for Public Schools in Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Afzal Jahangir , Afzal Muhammad Tanveer
Published: May 2020

The research was designed to identify and analyze the need for School MIS at secondary and higher secondary school levels in Punjab. Three separate questionnaires were developed for school principals, teachers and parents. The population of the study was the principals, teachers and parent members of the school councils of public schools. Punjab has 36 districts and the study was delimited to 12 districts selected randomly. A 10% sample from each of twelve districts was taken. Findings of the study indicated that there is no type of school-based MIS available in public schools and there is a dire need of school-based MIS to easily record and retrieve information. It was concluded that school efficiency cannot be improved significantly without introducing school-based MIS in public schools of Punjab
“One of the Boys”: Women at the Ontario Veterinary College in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Woodger Kevin , Stone Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2020

For much of the twentieth century, veterinary medicine was a male-dominated profession. This dominance extended to the veterinary schools, which acted as professional gatekeepers. Gender, therefore, was a central organizing principle of the veterinary profession as well as of veterinary education. We argue that the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) was central to the process of professional gatekeeping and was a key site for the training of women veterinarians. Women applying to OVC faced admission practices that favoured male applicants. Those women who were accepted to OVC were met with the masculine culture of veterinary medicine. Despite these difficulties, women actively pursued veterinary training at OVC, including in areas for which they were widely believed to be unsuitable. However, while the number of women at OVC increased during the 1970s and 1980s, the view that women were not suited to veterinary medicine persisted among at least some faculty members.
Convent Class Struggle: Lay Sisters and Choir Sisters in America
Authors: Titley E. Brian
Published: May 2020

American Catholic sisterhoods of European origin usually featured a subgroup of servant nuns known as lay or coadjutrix sisters. Generally from poor backgrounds and with limited education, the coadjutrices did most of the physical labour in convents and were excluded from many of the privileges of choir sisters. Obliged to wear distinctive clothing that marked their inferior status, they were segregated from choir sisters during meals and recreation, denied opportunities for self-improvement, and excluded from singing the Divine Office and from governance of the community. Choir sisters, on the other hand, monopolized professional work, such as teaching, had access to higher education, and controlled all the leadership positions in the congregation. This paper examines the often difficult relations between lay and choir sisters and agitation by the former for better treatment and greater equality in the United States in the century prior to the Second Vatican Council.
Child Labour, Parental Neglect, School Boards, and Teacher Quality: School Inspector Reports on the Supply and Demand of Schooling in Mid-nineteenth-century Sweden
Authors: Larsson Germund , Westberg Johannes
Published: May 2020

By examining the state school inspector reports of 1861–1863, which provide rich insights into the local conditions of schooling in Sweden, this article sheds further light on the wide range of factors that weakened school enrolment and attendance in nineteenth-century Sweden. In terms of parental demand, these included child labour on farms, at manors, and in industries; the transformation of the servant system among rural households; and religious practices, such as the confirmation and the beliefs of Protestant sectarian groups. On the supply side, factors that school inspectors reported included the inability of Swedish teacher seminars to examine enough teachers and the problematic behaviour of local school boards. As a result, this article provides additional input into the debate in educational history regarding the role of the state, religion, rural elites, and parents in the rise of mass schooling, while simultaneously providing further qualitative evidence to a quantitatively oriented research field in economic history on the determinants of schooling.
Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Jintan Hitam pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 sebagai Terapi
Authors: Pandiangan Asri , Ginting Kristian Pieri
Published: May 2020

Diabetes melitus  atau DM merupakan kelompok penyakit metabolic dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi akibat kelainan sekresi insulin, kelainan kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Prevalensi diabetes melitus pada penduduk usia>15 tahun sebesar 6,9%, Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu atau TGT sebesar 29,9% dan Gula Darah Puasa Terganggu atau GDPT sebesar 36,6%. Diabetes mellitus merupakan silent killer. Adapun gejala-gejala klasik pada diabetes adalah polifagi, polidipsi dan poliuri. Penanganan pasien diabetes terbagi atas terapi farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Literatur review ini bertujuan mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak biji jintan hitam terhadap pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 sebagai terapi alternatif yang sudah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelusuran artikel melalui database NCBI dan Google Scholar. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka adalah dari tahun 2001 sampai 2019 dengan 32 sumber pustaka. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan bioaktif pada biji jintan hitam bermanfaat sebagai anti diabetes. Kandungan biji jintan hitam sebagai antioksidan dapat meningkatkan sekresi insulin dengan meningkatkan metabolism energi di mitokondria, meningkatkan jalur intraseluler pada reseptor dan menurunkan glukoneogenesis dengan menekan sintesis enzim glukoneogenik.

 

Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, thymoquine, anti diabetes

 

EFFECT OF BLACK SEED EXTRACT FOR DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AS ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

 

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus or DM  is an group metabolic disease with the hyperglycemia characteristic because of insulin secretion disorder, insulin activity or both of them. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus at the age > 15 years old, is 6.9 percent, 29.9 percent ImpairedGlucoseTolerance or IGT and 36.6 percent ImpairedFastingGlycaemia or IFG.. Diabetes mellitus is a silent killer. As for classic symptoms of diabetes are polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria. Intervention for patient diabetes divided by pharmacological and non pharmacological intervention. This literature review aims to find out which effect of Black Seed for patient of diabetes mellitus type 2 as alternative therapythat have been done by previous researchers. The method used in this article is the search of articles through the NCBI and Google Scholar databases. The year of publication of library sources is from 2009 to 2018 with 29 library sources.Various experimental research conducted showed part bioactive component useful as antidiabetic. Bioactive component as antioxidant can increase insulin secretion by increasing energy metabolism at mitochondria and increasing intraceluler pathway on insulin receptor and reduce gluconeogenesis by reduce synthesis gluconeogenic enzyme.

 

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, thymoquinone, anti diabetic
PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN TEPID WATER SPONGING DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSERVASI LEVINE
Authors: Iqomh Muhammad Khabib Burhanuddin , Nurhaeni Nani , Wanda Dessie
Published: May 2020

Peningkatan suhu tubuh  menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman, gelisah pada anak, sehingga waktu untuk istirahat menjadi terganggu.Tatalaksana pada anak dengan demam dapat dilakukan dengan metode farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Tepid water spongingmerupakan tatalaksana non farmakologi. Konservasi adalah serangkaian sistem agar tubuh manusia mampu menjalankan fungsi, beradaptasi untuk melangsungkan kehidupan. Perawat mempunyai peran untuk membantu anak dalam mengatasi gangguan termoregulasi. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penurunan suhu tubuh menggunakan tepid water sponging dengan pendekatanl konservasi Levine di ruang rawat infeksi. Efektifitas diukur dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan berdasarkan proses keperawatan yang terdapat dalam model konservasi Levine yaitu: pengkajian, menentukan trophicognosis, menentukan hipotesis, intervensi dan evaluasi. Terdapat lima kasus yang dibahas. Hasil penerapan model konservasi Levine mampu meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam mempertahankan fungsi tubuh dan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan. Kombinasi tepid water sponging dan terapi farmakologi mampu mengatasi demam dengan cepat dibanding terapi farmakologi.

 

Kata kunci: termoregulasi, tepid water sponging, teori model konservasi Levine

 

REDUCTION OF BODY TEMPERATURE USING TEPID WATER SPONGINGWITH THE LEVINE CONSERVATION APPROACH

 

ABSTRACT

Increased body temperature causes discomfort, anxiety in children, so that the time to rest becomes disturbed. Management of children with fever can be done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Tepid water sponging is a non-pharmacological treatment. Conservation is a series of systems so that the human body is able to function, adapt to life. Nurses have a role to help children overcome thermoregulation disorders. This scientific work aims to determine the effectiveness of decreasing body temperature using tepid water sponging with the approach of Levine conservation in the infectious care room. Effectiveness is measured in the provision of nursing care based on the nursing process contained in the Levine conservation model, namely: assessment, determining trophicognosis, determining hypotheses, intervention and evaluation. There are five cases discussed. The results of the application of the Levine conservation model are able to improve the ability of children to maintain body functions and adapt to changes. The combination of tepid water sponging and pharmacological therapy is able to overcome fever quickly compared to pharmacological therapy.

 

Keywords: thermoregulation, tepid water sponging, Levine conservation model theory
PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT
Authors: Noya Cindy Ayustin , Kinasih Angkit , Agustina Venti , Kurniasari R.Rr Maria Dyah
Published: May 2020

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.

 

Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa

THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION 

 

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI.

Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN ANAK RETARDASI MENTAL
Authors: Iswanti Dwi Indah , Mendrofa Fery Agusman Motuho , Diyanto Diyanto
Published: May 2020

Kemandirian bukanlah keterampilan yang muncul secara tiba-tiba tetapi perlu diajarkan dan dilatih pada anak agar tidak menghambat tugas- tugas perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Terutama pada anak yang mengalami retardasi mental akan sangat membutuhkan dukungan dari keluarga. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan  dukungan keluarga dengan tingkat kemandirian anak retardasi mental di SLB Negeri Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua siswa kelas IV-VI di SLB Negeri Semarang yang berjumlah 64 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Dukungan keluarga pada anak retardasi mental sebagian besar adalah mendukung yaitu sebanyak 53,1%, kemandirian anak retardasi mental sebagian besar adalah kurang mandiri yaitu sebanyak 53,1%. Hasil uji statistik menemukan ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian anak retardasi mental di SLB Negeri Semarang, dengan p value sebesar 0,000.

 

Kata kunci : dukungan keluarga, kemandirian anak retardasi mental

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT AND THE LEVEL OF INDEPENDENCE OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

 

ABSTRACT

Independence is not a skill that emerges suddenly but needs to be taught and trained in children so as not to inhibit the tasks of further child development. Especially for children who are mentally retarded, they will need support from the family. Research objectives to find out the correlation between family support and the level of independence of mentally retarded children in extraordinary school State of Semarang. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all parents of students in class IV-VI in Semarang State SLB, amounting to 64 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Family support for mentally retarded children was mostly supportive, as much as 53.1%, the independence of most mentally retarded children was less independent, which was as much as 53.1%. The results of statistical tests found that there was a correlation between family support and the independence of mentally retarded children in Semarang State SLB, with a p value of 0,000.

 

Keywords: family support, independence of mentally retarded children
MANAJEMEN KASUS PADA KLIEN HARGA DIRI RENDAH KRONIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN TEORI CARING
Authors: Irawati Kellyana , Daulima Novy Helena Catharina , Wardhani Ice Yulia
Published: May 2020

Harga diri rendah kronik adalah suatu evaluasi diri negatif dimana mereka merasa tidak berarti, malu, dan tidak mampu melihat hal positif yang dimilikinya. Dibutuhkan intervensi keperawatan untuk membantu meningkatkan harga diri klien. Tujuan penulisan ini menggambarkan hasil manajemen kasus spesialis pada klien harga diri rendah kronik dengan pendekatan teori transpersonal caring: Jean Watson. Klien yang diambil dalam penulisan ini sebanyak 31 klien harga diri rendah kronis, dengan 16 klien diberikan terapi kognitif dan 15 klien diberikan terapi perilaku kognitif. Hasil: terjadi penurunan tanda dan gejala harga diri rendah kronis dan peningkatan kemampuan klien dengan harga diri rendah kronis. Kesimpulan: pemberian terapi kognitif dan terapi perilaku kognitif dapat membantu meningkatkan harga diri klien.

 

Kata kunci: harga diri rendah kronis, terapi kognitif, terapi perilaku kognitif

CASE MANAGEMENT IN LOW CHRONIC MANDIRI PRICE CLIENTS WITH CARE THEORY APPROACH

 

ABSTRACT

Chronic low self-esteem is a negative self-evaluation in which they feel meaningless, shame, and unable to evaluate the positive side of them self. Nursing interventions are required for enhancing client`s self-esteem. The purpose of this paperis to describe the results of a specialist case management in client with chronic low self-esteem using the approach of transpersonal caring theory of Jean Watson. Clients were takenfor thispaper were 31 clients with chronic low self-esteem, with 16 clients were intervered by cognitive therapy and 15 clients were given cognitive behavioral therapy. Results:  The signs and symptoms of chronic low self-esteem were decrease and the client’sability was increase with chronic low self-esteem. Conclusion: The intervention of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can help increasing the level of self-esteem on clients.

 

Key words: chronic low self esteem, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy
GAMBARAN HARGA DIRI LANSIA
Authors: Setianingsih Setianingsih , Kassatun Yenni , Anggraeni Rina
Published: May 2020

Lansia pada umumnya memiliki dorongan kemauan yang masih kuat, akan tetapi terkadang realisasinya tidak dapat dilaksanakan, karena kelemahan, keterbatasan fungsional, dan ketidak mampuan, yang ditimbulkan akibat dari proses menua. Keterbatasan yang dimiliki akan menimbulkan keraguan dan ketidakpercayaan diri pada lansia. Lansia di panti pelayanan sosial lanjut usia sebagian besar merasa malu dan sakit-sakitan, namun ada juga yang merasa bersyukur masih ada yang merawat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran harga diri lansia di Panti Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Cepiring. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 31 lansia yang diambil melalui teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Harga diri lansia di Panti Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Cepiring Kendal sebagian besar mengalami harga diri rendah yaitu sebesar 18 orang (58,1%). Sebagian besar lansia merasa bahwa kadang – kadang tidak baik sama sekali (77,4 %)dan terkadang merasa sangat tidak berguna sebanyak 67,7 %.

 

Kata kunci: harga diri, lansia

DESCRIBE ELDERLY SELF-ESTEEM

 

ABSTRACT

Elderly people generally have a strongpower, but sometimes the realization cannot be carried out, because of weaknesses, functional limitations, and disabilities, which result from the aging process. Limitations that are owned will cause doubt and self-mistrust in the elderly. The elderly in Cepiring Elderly Care Centre mostly feel shy and sick, but there are also those who feel grateful that there are still carers. The purpose of this study was to describe elderly self-esteem at the Elderly Care Centre. This study used a descriptive observational design with a sample of 31 elderly people taken through a purposive sampling technique. The measuring instrument of this study used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire. The self-esteem of the elderly in the Elderly care centre mostly experienced low self-esteem, amounting to 18 people (58.1%). Most elderly people feel that sometimes it is not good (77.4%) and sometimes feel very useless as much as 67.7%.

 

Keywords: self-esteem, elderly
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT NYERI DADA SEBELUM DAN SETELAH DILAKUKAN TERAPI MUROTALL AL-QURAN
Authors: Priyanto Priyanto , Anggraeni Idia Indar
Published: May 2020

Nyeri dada merupakan keluhan utama yang sering dirasakan oleh penderita penyakit jantung koroner. Nyeri dada muncul karena suplai oksigen ke miokardium menurun. Terapi murottal Al-Qur’an merupakan terapi religi dimana seseorang akan diperdengarkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an selama beberapa menit sehingga akan memberikan dampak positif bagi tubuh seseorang, salah satunya untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat nyeri dada sebelum dan setelah dilakukan terapi murottal Al-Qur’an. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-experimental dengan desain one group Pre-test dan Post-test. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling, dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 17 responden. Instrument penelitian yang digunakana dalah Numeric Rating Scale untuk mengukur skala nyeri sebelum dan setelah terapi murottal Al-Qur’an, pemberiannya sekali selama 20 menit. Uji statistic yang digunakan adalah paired sample T test. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna tingkat nyeri dada sebelum dan setelah dilakukan terapi murottal Al-Qur’an dengan nilai p-value 0,000 (p < α (0,05)). Terapi murottal Al-Qur’an dapat menurunkan skala nyeri dada pasien.

 

Kata kunci: nyeri dada, terapi murottal al-qur’an

THE DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN CHEST PAIN LEVEL BEFORE AND AFTER MUROTTAL AL-QUR'AN THERAPY

 

ABSTRACT

Chest pain is a major complaint that is often felt by people with coronary heart disease. Chest pain occurs because of decreased supply of oxygen to the myocardium. Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy is a religious therapy where someone will be heard verses of Al-Qur’an for a few minutes so it will have a positive impact on one’s body, one of them is to reduce pain. This study aims to find out the difference  between chest pain level before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy.This research design used pre-experimental method with one grouppre-test and post-test. The sampling method was accidental sampling, the number of sampling were 17 respondents. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale to measure pain scale before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy, giving it once for 20 minutes. The test statistic used is paired sample T test.The results of this study indicate that there are significan differences in chest pain levels before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy with a p-value of 0.004 (p <α (0.05)).Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy can reduce the scale of patient's chest pain.

 

Keywords : chest pain, murottal al-qur’an therapy