bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synovial Fluid Fatty Acid Profiles Differ between Osteoarthritis and Healthy Patients
Authors: Van de Vyver Arne , Clockaerts Stefan , van de Lest Chris H. A. , Wei Wu , Verhaar Jan , Van Osch Gerjo J. V. M. , Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Yvonne M.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Free fatty acids (FAs) may influence cartilage metabolism and osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression. It is not clearly studied which FAs are present in the synovial fluid of knee joints and whether there are differences in FA content between nonsymptomatic and OA knee joints. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of different types of FAs in synovial fluid of both OA- and nonsymptomatic control joints, and to analyze differences between both groups.

Design

A total of 23 synovial fluid samples were collected from patients with end-stage knee OA undergoing total knee replacement, with approval of the medical ethical committee. As controls, 6 synovial fluid samples were obtained from postmortem donors without any history of joint disease or arthritis. Measurement of free FA concentration was done by mass spectrometry for saturated FAs (SFA), monounsaturated FAs (MUFA), and omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs).

Results

Our measurements demonstrated the presence of SFAs, MUFAs, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in synovial fluid of both nonsymptomatic and OA knee joints. The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly lower in the OA group ( P = 0.0005). Arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) concentrations were also lower in OA synovial fluid ( P = 0.01), while tetracosadienoic acid ( P = 0.0001) and nervonic acid ( P = 0.001) (MUFAs) were higher in synovial fluid of patients with knee OA.

Conclusion

Synovial fluid contains a broad spectrum of free FAs. The FAs profile differs between OA and control subjects, including a tendency for less n-6 FAs in OA joints.
Validation of simplified PESI score for identification of low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism: From the COMMAND VTE Registry
Authors: Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Amano Hidewo , Takase Toru , Hiramori Seiichi , Kim Kitae , Oi Maki , Akao Masaharu , Kobayashi Yohei , Toyofuku Mamoru , Izumi Toshiaki , Tada Tomohisa , Chen Po-Min , Murata Koichiro , Tsuyuki Yoshiaki , Saga Syunsuke , Sasa Tomoki , Sakamoto Jiro , Kinoshita Minako , Togi Kiyonori , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Takabayashi Kensuke , Shiomi Hiroki , Kato Takao , Makiyama Takeru , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi
Published: September 2018

Background:

The simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score has been reported to be useful in predicting 30-day mortality for patients with pulmonary embolism, which helps the identification of low-risk patients for early hospital discharge or home treatment. However, therapeutic decision-making should also be based on the risks of adverse events other than mortality.

Methods:

The COMMAND VTE Registry is a multicentre registry enrolling consecutive patients with acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism in Japan between January 2010 and August 2014, and the current study population consisted of 1715 patients with pulmonary embolism. We calculated the sPESI score for each patient, and compared 30-day rates of mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding between sPESI scores of 0 and 1 or greater.

Results:

Patients with a sPESI score of 0 accounted for 383 (22%) patients, and 110 (6.4%) patients died within 30 days. The cumulative 30-day incidence of mortality was lower in patients with a sPESI score of 0 than those with a sPESI score of 1 or greater (0.5% vs. 8.1%, log rank P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the cumulative 30-day incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism between patients with a sPESI score of 0 and 1 or greater (1.3% vs. 2.8%, log rank P=0.11). The cumulative 30-day incidence of major bleeding was lower in patients with a sPESI score of 0 than those with a sPESI score of 1 or greater (1.1% vs. 4.0%, log rank P=0.005).

Conclusions:

In patients with a sPESI score of 0, the 30-day mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding rates were reasonably low. The sPESI score could be useful to identify candidates for early hospital discharge or home treatment.
Vancomycin plus nafcillin salvage for the treatment of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia following daptomycin failure: a case report and literature review
Authors: Lewis Paul O. , Sevinsky Regan E. , Patel Paras D. , Krolikowski Matthew R. , Cluck David B.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Evidence supporting beta-lactam plus vancomycin synergy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to grow. Current in vivo evidence demonstrates that combination therapy is associated with shorter time to blood sterilization than vancomycin monotherapy. However, this combination has not been reported as salvage therapy for persistent MRSA bacteremia.

Case report:

We report a case of an 81-year-old male who was successfully treated with vancomycin plus nafcillin after failing vancomycin monotherapy, daptomycin monotherapy, and daptomycin plus gentamicin combination therapy. The patient originally presented with sepsis from a suspected urinary tract infection. Blood cultures drawn on days 1, 3, 5, 15, 19, 23, and 28 remained positive for MRSA despite multiple antimicrobial therapy changes. On day 29, therapy was changed to vancomycin plus nafcillin. Blood cultures drawn on day 32 remained negative. After 11 days, nafcillin was changed to piperacillin–tazobactam due to an infected decubitus ulcer. The combination was continued for 42 days after achieving blood sterility, 71 days after the patient originally presented. Evidence regarding salvage therapy for persistent bacteremia is sparse and is limited to case reports and case series.

Conclusion:

This case report supports that vancomycin plus an anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam combination should be further studied as salvage therapy for persistent MRSA bacteremia.
Treatment of penile lichen sclerosus with topical corticosteroids for over 25 years’ duration: A case report
Authors: Howard Matthew , Hall Anthony
Published: September 2018

Topical corticosteroids are currently recommended only for short-term management of flares of lichen sclerosus, with efficacy in halting disease progression. Given the chronic nature of this condition, there is a lack of literature surrounding the chronic effects of topical corticosteroids on the male genitalia with many dermatologists avoiding prescribing long term. This case report aims to provide anecdotal observation for the long-term use of topical corticosteroids and details the long-term follow-up of an individual who used potent and superpotent topical corticosteroids for over 25 years without significant demonstrable side effects. A short review on relevant literature is provided.
A case report of bosutinib-induced interstitial granulomatous drug reaction in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report
Authors: Aria Alexander B , Chen Leon , Huen Auris O
Published: September 2018

Bosutinib is a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. We report a case of bosutinib-induced interstitial granulomatous drug reaction in a 50-year-old Caucasian female with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Histologic analysis of a punch biopsy showed diffuse interstitial granulomatous infiltrates consisting of histiocytes amid thickened collagen accompanied by eosinophils. Her lesions improved with clobetasol 0.05% cream. No cases describing BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor–associated interstitial granulomatous drug reaction were found in a search of the literature. It is important for physicians to be aware of the risk of interstitial granulomatous drug reaction associated with bosutinib treatment.
Symptomatic Subclavian Steal During Pregnancy in a Woman Status Post Coarctation Repair in Infancy
Authors: Lubert Adam M. , Cotts Timothy B. , Henke Peter K.
Published: September 2018

A 24-year-old woman with a history of coarctation repair by subclavian flap aortoplasty presented at 15 weeks’ gestation with transient episodes of vision loss. She was diagnosed with subclavian steal syndrome and underwent left carotid artery to subclavian artery bypass at 17 weeks’ gestation. She has had no recurrence of symptoms at ten months of postoperative follow-up. Despite the anatomic substrate for subclavian steal in patients with this type of surgical repair, neurologic symptoms are uncommon. It is possible that the pregnancy-induced fall in systemic vascular resistance triggered symptoms in this previously asymptomatic patient.
Mortality After Complex Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in Elderly Patients: Conservative Versus Operative Treatment With Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Rotman Dani , Giladi Ornit , Senderey Adi Berliner , Dallich Alison , Dolkart Oleg , Kadar Assaf , Maman Eran , Chechik Ofir
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are a common fragility fracture and have been shown to increase mortality in elderly patients. In the last decade, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) was introduced as a reliable operative treatment option for this indication. In other fragility fractures, most notably hip fractures, urgent surgical treatment can reduce mortality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether treatment with RTSA can reduce 1-year mortality in elderly patients with complex displaced PHFs.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was performed to compare 1-year mortality between 2 groups of elderly patients (>75 years old) who presented to a level 1 trauma center emergency department with complex displaced PHFs. The conservative treatment group (n = 83; mean age, 83.7 years) presented from 2008 to 2010 when RTSA was not yet available, and treatment was nonoperative. The surgical treatment group (n = 62; mean age, 82.2 years) presented from 2012 to 2015 and underwent RTSA.

Results:

One-year mortality was 8.1% (male 7.1%; female 8.3%) in the surgical treatment group and 10.8% (male 18.8%; female 9.0%) in the conservative treatment group. The reduction in mortality in the surgical treatment group was not significant (entire cohort P = .56; males P = .35; females P = .59).

Discussion:

Recent studies failed to show better functional results after surgical treatment with RTSA when compared to conservative treatment. This study suggests that a benefit of surgical treatment with RTSA that was not examined until now might exist—a reduction in the increased mortality risk associated with PHFs.

Conclusions:

There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality between the groups, although there was a trend showing lower mortality with RTSA, mostly in men. Further studies with larger populations and longer follow-up times are needed to determine whether this trend is of clinical significance.
Perceptions of Gender-Based Violence Among University Staff: Interim Results
Authors: Mahlori Xitsakisi Fiona , Byrne Deirdre Cassandra , Mabude Lungisa Anthonia
Published: September 2018

Gender-based violence (GBV) is one of the greatest social issues affecting South Africa, and universities are no exception. This article reports preliminary results of a pilot study conducted at the University of South Africa (Unisa). The study aimed to ascertain perceptions of GBV among university staff. A range of frequency-seeking questions aimed at exploring awareness, experiences, and reflections about solutions to GBV were posed to selected staff members by means of an online survey. The results of the survey are presented here in graphic form and subjected to descriptive analysis, which is compared with existing literature on the topic. The key findings in this pilot study concern the perceptions of GBV among university staff, their awareness of the types of GBV and its prevalence, and the participants’ feelings about safety regarding GBV and commitment to participate in possible solutions. We conclude that we cannot expect trends reported in literature to be replicated in any research study.
Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Modeling and Its Use for Preoperative Counseling of Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Childs Sean , McVicker Zachary , Trombetta Ryan , Awad Hani , Elfar John , Giordano Brian
Published: September 2018

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) represents complex alterations in the bony morphology of the proximal femur and acetabulum. Imaging studies have become crucial in diagnosis and treatment planning for symptomatic FAI but also have limited patient understanding and satisfaction. Exploration of alternative patient counseling modalities holds promise for improved patient understanding, satisfaction, and ultimately for outcomes.

Purpose:

To compare perceived understanding of functional anatomy and FAI pathomorphology among patients counseled with routine computed tomography (CT), generic hip models, and a 3-dimensional (3D) model printed in accordance with a patient’s specific anatomy.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A prospective randomized analysis of patients presenting with radiographically confirmed FAI was conducted between November 2015 and April 2017. Patients were randomized into groups that received preoperative counseling with CT imaging alone, a generic human hip model, or a haptic 3D model of their hip. All groups were subjected to a novel questionnaire examining patient satisfaction and understanding on a variety of topics related to FAI. Data were compared with bivariate and multivariate analyses. Statistical significance was determined as P < .05.

Results:

Thirty-one patients were included in this study (25 men, 6 women). Ten patients were randomized to the CT-only group, 11 to the generic hip model group, and 10 to receive custom 3D-printed models of their hips. Patients preoperatively counseled with isolated CT imaging or a generic hip model reported greater understanding of their pathophysiology and the role of surgical intervention when compared with those counseled with haptic 3D models ( P = .03). At final follow-up, patients counseled with the use of isolated CT imaging or haptic 3D models reported greater increases and retention of understanding as compared with those counseled with generic hip models alone ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

Preoperative counseling with haptic 3D hip models does not appear to favorably affect patient-reported understanding or satisfaction with regard to FAI when compared with the use of CT imaging alone. Continued research into alternative counseling means may serve to further improve patient understanding and satisfaction on this complex anatomic phenomenon.
Postcolonial Possibilities for the Sociology of Race
Authors: Go Julian
Published: September 2018

The author considers what postcolonial theory has to contribute to the sociology of race. Although there are overlaps, postcolonial theory and the sociology of race are not reducible to each other. Postcolonial theory emphasizes the global, historical, and therefore colonial dimensions of race relations, including how imperialism has generated racial thought and racial stratification. A postcolonial sociology of race, therefore, would (1) analytically recover empire and colonialism and their legacies, (2) excavate colonial racialization and trace its continuities into the present, (3) reveal the reciprocal constitution of racialized identities that began under empire, and (4) critique the imperial standpoint and seek out the subjugated epistemologies of racialized subjects. Although such a postcolonial sociology of race is a project that has yet to be fully realized, there are a number of existing sociological works that begin the journey and point us in the right direction.
北美印第安原住民使用的象形文字 （下） ：萨满用象形文字的象征功能
Authors: 黄亚 平 , 伍 淳
Published: September 2018

摘要

印第安原住民社会中萨满用象形文字主要用于仪式场合和部落集会场合。 这类象形文字与祈祷、 吟唱、 舞蹈、 图画展示等多种形式共生相伴, 相互补足, 共同参与仪式表演。 在仪式表演的语境中, 印第安原住民象形文字中的萨满用象形文字具备鲜明的象征功能。
Deciphering the differentiation trajectory from hematopoietic stem cells to mast cells
Authors: Grootens Jennine , Ungerstedt Johanna S. , Nilsson Gunnar , Dahlin Joakim S.
Published: September 2018

Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into all types of blood cells, including peripheral tissue-resident mast cells. The early mast cell differentiation takes place in the bone marrow, after which the progenitor cells enter the circulation and mature once reaching their target organ. Early results from single-cell culture experiments and colony-forming assays have produced the classic hierarchical tree model of hematopoiesis. The introduction of high-throughput, single-cell RNA sequencing is now revolutionizing our understanding of the differentiation process, questioning the classic tree-based models. By integrating the results from early cell culture experiments with single-cell transcriptomics, we present a differentiation landscape model of hematopoiesis and discuss it with focus on mast cells. The review also describes how the hematologic neoplasm systemic mastocytosis can be used to model human hematopoiesis using naturally occurring cell barcoding by means of the common KIT D816V mutation.
A β1-tubulin–based megakaryocyte maturation reporter system identifies novel drugs that promote platelet production
Authors: Seo Hideya , Chen Si Jing , Hashimoto Kazuya , Endo Hiroshi , Nishi Yohei , Ohta Akira , Yamamoto Takuya , Hotta Akitsu , Sawaguchi Akira , Hayashi Hideki , Koseki Noritaka , Murphy George J. , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Sugimoto Naoshi , Eto Koji
Published: September 2018

During maturation, megakaryocytes (MKs) express β1-tubulin (TUBB1) and rearrange their microtubule components to enlarge, form proplatelets, and eventually release platelets. The development of a platform to identify in vitro conditions that would efficiently promote MK development could potentially enable large-scale platelet production. Here, we show that an immortalized MK cell line (imMKCL) genetically modified to express the β1-tubulin–Venus reporter provides a practical system to efficiently monitor the in vitro production of platelet-like particles (PLPs). The Venus transgene was inserted downstream of the TUBB1 locus in imMKCLs using CRISPR/Cas9, and the expression was visualized by Venus fluorescence intensity. This imMKCL reporter line was then used for high-throughput drug screening. We identified several compounds that significantly improved the efficiency of PLP production in vitro under feeder-free conditions and showed a significant tendency to recover platelets in vivo in a mouse thrombocytopenia model induced by anti-GPIbα antibody administration. Interestingly, most of these compounds, including a WNT signaling pathway inhibitor, Wnt-C59, antagonized the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to increase PLP production, confirming the crucial role of AhR inhibition in MK maturation. Consistently, small interfering RNA treatment against AhR increased the Venus intensity and PLP production. TCS 359, an FLT3 inhibitor, significantly increased PLP production independently of FLT3 or AhR. This study highlights the usefulness of the β1-tubulin reporter MK line as a useful tool to study the mechanisms underlying thrombopoiesis and to identify novel inducers of ex vivo platelet production.
Mental health legislation in Botswana
Authors: Maphisa J. Maphisa
Published: September 2018

The Mental Disorders Act of 1969 is the primary legislation relating to mental health in Botswana. Despite the country not being a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, its Act has a self-rated score of four out of five on compliance to human rights covenants. However, it can be argued that the Act does not adequately espouse a human rights- and patient-centred approach to legislation. It is hoped that ongoing efforts to revise the Act will address the limitations discussed in this article.
Development and Application of FEMA P-58 Compatible Story Loss Functions
Authors: Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Kazantzi Athanasia K.
Published: September 2018

The quantification of seismic performance, using metrics meaningful to both engineers and stakeholders, has been a focal point of research in performance-based earthquake engineering. The prevalent paradigm is currently offered by the FEMA P-58 guidelines in the form of a component-by-component approach that provides detailed assessment capabilities at the cost of requiring a complete inventory of the structural, nonstructural, and content components. In an attempt for simplification, a fully compatible story-by-story approach is offered instead, where story loss functions are employed to directly relate monetary losses to engineering demand parameters given the story area. These functions can be adjusted for application to different situations, assuming the ratio of cost and quantity of each component category inventory remains relatively constant. As an example, they are generated for a standard inventory makeup, characteristic of low/mid-rise steel office buildings. They are shown to offer a favorable compromise of simplicity and accuracy that lies between the component-by-component and building-level approaches that are currently prevalent in building-specific and regional loss assessment, respectively.
Glucose-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vivo: Evidence for a Causal Role of C-jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway
Authors: Tang Christine , Yeung Lucy Shu Nga , Koulajian Khajag , Zhang Liling , Tai Kevin , Volchuk Allen , Giacca Adria
Published: September 2018

Prolonged elevation of glucose can adversely affect β-cell function. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction, can activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, whether JNK is causal in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the causal role of JNK activation in in vivo models of glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction. Glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction was investigated in the presence or absence of JNK inhibition. JNK inhibition was achieved using either (i) the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 or (ii) JNK-1–null mice. (i) Rats or mice were infused intravenously with saline or glucose with or without SP600125. (ii) JNK-1 null mice and their littermate wild-type controls were infused intravenously with saline or glucose. Following the glucose infusion periods in rats and mice, β-cell function was assessed in isolated islets or in vivo using hyperglycemic clamps. Forty-eight-hour hyperglycemia at ~20 mM in rats or 96-hour hyperglycemia at ~13 mM in mice impaired β-cell function in isolated islets and in vivo. Inhibition of JNK using either SP600125 or JNK-1–null mice prevented glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in isolated islets and in vivo. Islets of JNK-1–null mice exposed to hyperglycemia in vivo showed an increase in Pdx-1 and insulin 2 mRNA, whereas islets of wild-type mice did not. Together, these data show that JNK pathway is involved in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and is thus a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Cardiac Valvulopathy in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia Treated With Cabergoline
Authors: Stiles Craig E , Tetteh-Wayoe Eugene T , Bestwick Jonathan P , Steeds Richard P , Drake William M
Published: September 2018

Context

Cabergoline is first-line treatment for most patients with lactotrope pituitary tumors and hyperprolactinemia. Its use at high dosages in Parkinson disease (PD) has largely been abandoned because of its association with the development of a characteristic restrictive cardiac valvulopathy. Whether similar valvular changes occur in patients receiving lower dosages for treatment of hyperprolactinemia is unclear, although stringent regulatory recommendations for echocardiographic screening exist.

Objective

To conduct a meta-analysis exploring any link between the use of cabergoline for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and clinically significant cardiac valvulopathy.

Data Sources

Full-text articles published through January 2017 were found via PubMed and selected according to strict inclusion criteria.

Study Selection

All case-control studies were included where patients had received ≥6 months of cabergoline treatment for hyperprolactinemia. Single case reports, previous meta-analyses, review articles, and articles pertaining solely to PD were excluded. Of 76 originally selected studies, 13 met inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction

Desired data were compiled and extracted from articles by independent observers. Each also independently graded article quality (bias) and met to reach consensus.

Data Synthesis

More tricuspid regurgitation was observed (OR 3.74; 95% CI, 1.79 to 7.8; P < 0.001) in the cabergoline-treated patients compared with controls. In no patient was tricuspid valve dysfunction diagnosed as a result of clinical symptoms. There was no significant increase in any other valvulopathy.

Conclusions

Treatment with low-dose cabergoline in hyperprolactinemia appears to be associated with an increased prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Exploring challenges of health system preparedness for communicable diseases in Arbaeen mass gathering: a qualitative study
Authors: Karampourian Arezou , Ghomian Zohreh , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud
Published: September 2018

Background: Infectious diseases are common problems in mass gatherings, especially when there is a lack of health system preparedness. Since Iran is one of the most important countries on the walking path of Arbaeen and has a vital role in providing health services to pilgrims, the experiences of health challenges by participants is of key importance. The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders’ experiences on the health system's preparedness and challenges, and to provide suggestions for preventing infectious diseases during the Arbaeen mass gathering.

Methods: A qualitative research method was used with a conventional content analysis approach. The number of participants was 17, including 13 executive managers and 4 health policymakers who entered the study among participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate the data. Interviews were analyzed by means of content analysis after face-to-face interviews.

Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of four main themes and 11 sub-themes. Health infrastructure defects in Iraq has three sub-themes (health abandonment in Iraq, the weaknesses in health culture and problems related to the health system); poor control of the causative factors of infectious diseases has three sub-themes (the underlying factors of the prevalence of contagious diseases, health system response to communicable diseases and ignoring the risks of the Arbaeen ceremony); the low perception of risk in pilgrims has three sub-themes (lack of awareness in pilgrims, fatalism in pilgrims and unhygienic belief in pilgrims); and the ineffectiveness of health education has two sub-themes (training shortage in the targeted group and educational content problems) that shows participant’s experiences of the health system's challenges for coping with infectious diseases during the Arbaeen ceremony.

Conclusion: Pilgrim-based training, planning and controlling other challenges may change these threats to opportunities and improve the health of participants of the mass gathering of Arbaeen in the region.
DAMAGE OF THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEMOBLASTOSIS
Authors: Войцеховский Валерий , Voytsekhovskiy Valeriy , Заболотских Татьяна , Zabolotskikh Tat'yana , Григоренко Алексей , Grigorenko Aleksey , Филатова Екатерина , Filatova Ekaterina
Published: September 2018

In 185 patients with chronic hemoblastosis (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma) after autopsy, the pathology of the bronchopulmonary system was studied. It was found out that in addition to immunodeficiency, an important role in the occurrence of respiratory diseases in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as in chronic myeloid leukemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis in the stage of blast crisis is played by specific leukemic infiltration of the lungs, bronchi, pleura and diaphragm; the presence of leukostasis in the vessels of medium and small caliber with violation of microcirculation; compression of the diaphragm by significantly increased spleen and liver; in some cases (especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia) hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles of the bronchial tree. In chronic myeloid leukemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis, hyperthrombocytosis with the development of the sludge syndrome in small vessels of the lungs is essential. Pulmonary localization of inflammatory processes in patients with multiple myeloma is facilitated by lymphoid and plasma cell infiltration of the lungs, paraproteinosis of the lungs, localization of myeloma nodes in the ribs, lung tissue and bronchi.
THE PROCESSES OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE ENDOTHELIUM OF THE ARTERIES OF THE UMBILICAL CORD IN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Дорофиенко Николай , Dorofienko Nikolay , Ишутина Наталия , Ishutina Nataliya , Андриевская Ирина , Andrievskaya Irina
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the work is to study the processes of peroxidation of lipids and their influence on the structure of the endothelium of the umbilical artery of newborns from mothers who had experienced exacerbation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the third trimester of pregnancy. For the object of the study there were taken 45 umbilical cord samples during childbirth from women who had acute CMV infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (main group), and 25 umbilical cord samples from healthy women (control group). Clinical diagnosis of primary CMV infection was established by the presence of IgM antibodies to CMV and low-avid IgG in the peripheral blood (avidity index <50%), as well as CMV DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in blood or urine; exacerbation of chronic CMV infection by the presence of IgM to CMV, high-avid IgG (avidity index >65%), and CMV DNA in scrapes taken from buccal epithelium. Lipid peroxides in the endothelium of the umbilical artery were detected by the Winkler-Schulze method. Morphological examination of the umbilical cord was performed by histochemical methods. The results of histochemical studies indicate that the exacerbation of CMV infection in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress that causes the depletion of the protective systems and oxidant potential, which leads to the development of significant oxidative destruction of the endothelium of the umbilical cord artery of newborns. The revealed morphohistochemical changes in umbilical cord tissues in CMV infection can affect the functional state of this organ and be a morphological substrate for the appearance of its dysfunction, mainly the basis for the violation of fetoplacental blood circulation causing the development of hypoxia.
Lung cancer
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: September 2018

A diagnosis of lung cancer for many people can be overwhelming. When a diagnosis has been made, the person may feel anxious, afraid or shocked. The role of the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) working as a member of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) is to provide care that is patient-centred, responsive, sensitive and safe. In order to do this, the HCA and AP have to develop further their understanding of lung cancer.

This article will provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract. The epidemiology regarding lung cancer is discussed, the risks and possible causes of lung cancer are outlined, along with the signs and symptoms, how a diagnosis is made and the potential treatment options available. Health promotion activity is considered.

A glossary of terms and a multiple-choice questionnaire are also provided.
Role of platelet-rich plasma in healing diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective study
Authors: Singh Shailendra Pal , Kumar Vishal , Pandey Anand , Pandey Pinki , Gupta Vipin , Verma Rajesh
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in healing diabetic fool ulcers (DFUs), and to compare the rate of healing and final outcome with conventional therapy.

Method:

A prospective study conducted between October 2013 and July 2015. Participants were divided in to two groups: a study group in which PRP was used and a control group receiving standard therapy. Wound assessment was carried out according to the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.

Results:

A total of 55 patients were recruited to the study. There were 29 patients in the study group and 26 patients in the control group. After application of PRP, there was significant improvement in mean wound score and significant percent improvement in wound score in the study group (p<0.0001). Complete healing occurred in all patients in the study group in (mean score and standard deviation) 36.7±3 days compared with 60.6±3.7 days in the control group (p<0.0001). There were no unwanted side effects in patients using the PRP in this study.

Conclusion:

PRP appears to be a promising agent in the management of DFUs. In this study, DFUs healed more quickly in the study group than in the control group. There was also significant percent improvement in wound score as compared with debridement and dressing only. If proper selection criteria are applied, PRP could be a useful aid to wound healing in people with DFUs.
Treatment options for partial auricle reconstruction: a prospective study of outcomes and patient satisfaction
Authors: Habiba Nazia U. , Khan Arshad H. , Khurram Mohammed F. , Khan Mohammed Kamran
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the various methods and outcomes of post-traumatic partial auricle wound reconstruction, and to review the benefit to the patient's quality of life and their psychological improvement after the operation.

Methods:

The prospective study included patients who suffered from post-traumatic partial auricular wounds. The defects were repaired using various techniques including simple local cutaneous advancement flaps, tube flaps, cartilage framework using conchal and costal cartilage with local skin flap cover.

Results:

A total of 18 patients were included, with a male predominance (sex ratio: 7:2), mean age with standard deviation of 31.66 ±9.27 years. Causes included road traffic accident (RTA), assault, human and insect bite and avulsion injuries. Injuries were sustained in the upper third of the auricle (n=8); middle third (n=5), lower third (n=3), and upper two-thirds (n=2). Out of the 18 patients, wound were repaired using post auricular mastoid skin flap (n=7); local superior and inferior chondrocutaneous flap (n=3); costal cartilage as a cartilage framework (n=4), temporoparietal fascia used to cover the costal cartilage graft (n=1), and conchal cartilage as a cartilage framework (n=3). In our study 13/18 patients were ‘highly satisfied’ with the aesthetic outcome, 3/18 were ‘moderately satisfied’, and 2/18 were ‘slightly satisfied’. None were dissatisfied by the postoperative result. In terms of objective assessment, patient outcome in two patients was graded ‘good’ while the outcome of remaining patients (n=16) was graded as ‘excellent’.

Conclusions:

The use of skin flaps in the post-auricular region and the mastoid region associated with or without cartilage framework yields good cosmetic and functional result. The various techniques used for ear reconstruction yielded 100% satisfactory results in terms of functional outcome as well as boosting the confidence of patients.
Quantitative Mineralogy of Clay-Rich Siliciclastic Landslide Terrain of the Sorrento Peninsula, Italy, Using a Combined XRPD And XRF Approach
Authors: Cesarano M. , Bish D.L. , Cappelletti P. , Cavalcante F. , Belviso C. , Fiore S.
Published: September 2018

Quantitative mineralogical analysis of clay-bearing rocks is often a non-trivial problem because clay minerals are characterized by complex structures and are often affected by structural disorder, layer-stacking disorder, and interstratification. In the present study, internal-standard Rietveld X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses were combined with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) chemical analyses for the mineralogical characterization and quantitative analysis of heterogeneous clay-rich sedimentary rocks that are involved in a slow-moving landslide in the Termini-Nerano area, Sorrento Peninsula (Italy), in order to investigate the relationship between the mineralogy of these rocks and landslides. Slow-moving landslides are usually considered to be associated with the more weathered and surficial parts of structurally complex slopes, and mineralogical analysis can help to clarify the degree of weathering of siliciclastic rocks. XRPD quantitative analyses were conducted by combining the Rietveld and internal standard methods in order to calculate the amounts of poorly ordered phyllosilicate clays (considered amorphous phases in Rietveld refinements) by difference from 100%. The vbAffina program was used to refine the amounts of mineral phases determined with XRPD using the element compositions determined by XRF analysis. XRPD analyses indicated that the samples mainly contain several different clay minerals, quartz, mica, and feldspars. Analysis of the clay fraction identified kaolinite, chlorite, and interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) and chlorite-smectite (C-S). The mineralogy of the materials involved in the landslide in comparison with the mineralogy of the “undisturbed” rocks showed that the landslide is located in the weathered realm that overlies an arkosic bedrock. The interstratified I-S and C-S occurred at landslide activity locations and confirmed that areas more susceptible to sliding contained the most weathered parts of the rocks and perhaps represent areas of past and currently active fluid flow.
Effect of Polarization and Chronic Inflammation on Macrophage Expression of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Biosynthesis Enzymes
Authors: Swart Maarten , Troeberg Linda
Published: September 2018

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on immune cells have the ability to bind to and regulate the bioactivity more than 400 bioactive protein ligands, including many chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. This makes them important regulators of the phenotype and behavior of immune cells. Here we review how HS biosynthesis in macrophages is regulated during polarization and in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, by analyzing published micro-array data and mechanistic studies in this area. We describe that macrophage expression of many HS biosynthesis and core proteins is strongly regulated by macrophage polarization, and that these expression patterns are recapitulated in chronic inflammation. Such changes in HS biosynthetic enzyme expression are likely to have a significant impact on the phenotype of macrophages in chronic inflammatory diseases by altering their interactions with chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors.
Personal characteristics of Islamic matrimonial website users in Saudi Arabia: An empirical study
Authors: Bajnaid Ayman , Elareshi Mokhtar
Published: September 2018

Engaging in friendships/romantic relationships with the opposite gender in Saudi Arabia is forbidden prior to marriage according to Islam. As a result, Saudis are increasingly turning to unconventional mediums to find a spouse. However, little research has been conducted regarding Saudi courtship (online dating). This study examines the cultural scripts of matrimonial websites, including the impressions users intended to convey when constructing their profiles and the characteristics they sought in potential spouses. A sample of 111 matrimonial personal profiles was content-analysed based on hyper-personal and sexual-strategy theories. Similarities were found between Saudi and western users’ approach to searching for a potential mate on such websites, and social and religious norms were found to affect users’ behaviours and decisions when using such websites. In-depth description of the cultural scripts of Islamic matrimonial websites is provided. Findings are discussed in relation to computer-mediated communication (CMC), which focuses on whether online profile settings allow for the provision of rich information to users about other users (of the opposite sex).
Second Impressions: Expanding the Range of Cereals from Early Neolithic Franchthi Cave, Greece
Authors: Allen Susan E.
Published: September 2018

The southern Greek archaeological site of Franchthi Cave, with occupation dating from the Upper Paleolithic, remains the only site in southern Greece that both spans the shift from foraging to farming and has produced systematically recovered plant remains associated with this important transition in human prehistory. Previously reported archaeobotanical remains from the site derive exclusively from the cave interior, as none were recovered from outside the cave on the Franchthi Cave Paralia. This article reports the first evidence for plant use in the settlement area outside the cave, as provided by five seed impressions in Early Neolithic ceramic sherds from the Paralia. Significantly, this new data expands the range of crops represented at the site during the Early Neolithic to include einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), pushing back its appearance at Franchthi by several centuries.
Scott Henkel, Direct Democracy: Collective Power, the Swarm, and the Literatures of the Americas, (Jackson, MS, University Press of Mississippi, 2017), 224pp., $65.00
Authors: MacGiollabhui Muiris
Published: September 2018

Review of Direct Democracy: Collective Power, the Swarm, and the Literatures of the Americas by Scott Henkel.
Dziedzictwo niechciane. Walka pamięci w tetralogii śląskiej Evy Tvrdej
Authors: Pospiszil Karolina
Published: September 2018

Artykuł przedstawia problem (narodowego/etnicznego) dziedzictwa kulturowego oraz konfliktu między polityką pamięci prowadzoną przez hegemona a pamiecią kolektywną mniejszości kulturowej/etnicznej – na przykładzie tetralogii śląskiej Evy Tvrdej, pisarki związanej z kraikiem hulczyńskim. Część bohaterów opowiadań Tvrdej zdradza wspólnotę rodzimą na rzecz asymilacji z czeskim lub niemieckim społeczeństwem, jednak pełna asymilacja jest niemożliwa, a tożsamości nie da się już odtworzyć. Nieustanne poczucie bycia niepełnym oraz ciągle odczuwany brak stają się dziedzictwem, które boahterowie Tvrdej przekazują kolejnym pokoleniom.
A Priori Error Analysis of a Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for the Magnetic Induction Equation
Authors: Sarkar Tanmay
Published: September 2018

We perform the error analysis of a stabilized discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the initial boundary value problem associated with the magnetic induction equations using standard discontinuous Lagrange basis functions.
In order to obtain the quasi-optimal convergence incorporating second-order Runge–Kutta schemes for time discretization, we need a strengthened

4
/
3

{4/3}

-CFL condition (

Δ
⁢
t

∼

h

4
/
3

{\Delta t\sim h^{4/3}}

).
To overcome this unusual restriction on the CFL condition, we consider the explicit third-order Runge–Kutta scheme for time discretization.
We demonstrate the error estimates in

L
2

{L^{2}}

-sense and obtain quasi-optimal convergence for smooth solution in space and time for piecewise polynomials with any degree

l
≥
1

{l\geq 1}

under the standard CFL condition.
On an asymmetric backward heat problem with the space and time-dependent heat source on a disk
Authors: Minh Le Triet , Hoang Pham Quan , Hong Luu Phong
Published: September 2018

In this article, we investigate the backward heat problem (BHP) which is a classical ill-posed problem. Although there are many papers relating to the BHP in many domains, considering this problem in polar coordinates is still scarce. Therefore, we wish to deal with this problem associated with a space and time-dependent heat source in polar coordinates. By modifying the quasi-boundary value method, we propose the stable solution for the problem. Furthermore, under some initial assumptions, we get the Hölder type of error estimates between the exact solution and the approximated solution. Eventually, a numerical experiment is provided to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of our method.
Magnetoencephalography inverse problem in the spheroid geometry
Authors: Karpov Petr I. , Zakharova Tatyana
Published: September 2018

The inverse problem of magnetoencephalography is ill-posed and difficult for both analytical and numerical solutions. Additional complications arise from the volume (passive) currents and the associated magnetic fields, which strongly depend on the brain geometry. In this paper, we find approximate analytical solutions for the forward and the inverse problems in the spheroid geometry. We compare the obtained results with the exact solution of the forward problem and deduce that for a wide range of parameters our approximation is valid. The analysis sheds new light on the role of the volume magnetic fields for solving the inverse problem of magnetoencephalography.
The Landscape of Futurelessness: An Interview with Brett Story
Authors: MacDonald Scott
Published: September 2018

Canadian Brett Story's most recent film, The Prison in Twelve Landscapes (2016), explores the American prison system, as well as the traditional sense of “landscape,” in an unusual way: except for the film's final shot, a drive-by of Attica State Prison nestled in the countryside of west-central New York State, we see no prisoners and no prison buildings—and few spaces we could call landscapes. Story's panoramic film reveals the multitude of ways in which the prison system is hidden in plain sight throughout the United States. In Scott MacDonald's interview with Story, the filmmaker explains the film's unusual approach and structure—as well as the struggle involved in getting the film made. Story's modest budget is the ultimate irony of The Prison in Twelve Landscapes, given the fact that the American prison system is the world's most extensive, and no doubt most expensive, system of incarceration on the planet.
Elsewhere
Authors: Qureshi Bilal
Published: September 2018

Bilal Qureshi continues to look “elsewhere,” here musing on the contrast in stereotypes and complexities between a marquee movie, Tony Gilroy's Beirut, and an art-house work, Tamer Said's In the Last Days of the City. The overlapping theatrical release of the two films allows Qureshi to juxtapose their very different visions of the Middle East. While Beirut repeats familiar tropes from Hollywood's post-9/11 Arab thrillers, In the Last Days of the City's portrait of pre-revolutionary Cairo presents a welcome alternative to this clichéd gaze, presenting instead a more authentic and genuine representation of Middle Eastern subjectivity.
Moneylending in Myth and Practice in Twentieth-Century Mexico
Authors: Mottier Nicole
Published: September 2018

This article demonstrates that ejidatarios sometimes actively sought loans from moneylenders alongside other lenders, such as the Banco Ejidal, as one strategy for managing the uncertainties that shaped their lives. It asserts that moneylenders proved to be very important financial intermediaries for rural borrowers. By explicating how and why they continued existing alongside formal financial intermediaries such as the Banco Ejidal, this article offers a more nuanced way of understanding financial intermediation.

Este artículo demuestra que en ciertas ocasiones los ejidatarios buscaron activamente los servicios de prestamistas–así como de otras entidades de crédito, por ejemplo, el Banco Ejidal–como estrategia para manejar la incertidumbre que caracterizaba sus vidas. El artículo reafirma que los prestamistas resultaron ser intermediarios financieros de gran importancia para los prestatarios rurales. Al explicar cómo y por qué continuaron existiendo estos prestamistas al lado de intermediarios financieros formales como el Banco Ejidal, este artículo contribuye a un entendimiento más matizado sobre la intermediación financiera.