bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization
Authors: Blaschke Steffen
Published: March 2017

Two conceptions of organization dominate research on organizational communication. The now classic instrumental perspective builds on underlying concepts of membership, structure, and activities. It regards communication as an instrument to coordinate and control organizations. In contrast, the interpretative perspective sees membership, structure, and activities as socially constructed. Communication then constitutes organization. This entry discusses both perspectives, reviews the latest developments in each of them, and provides an outlook on the future of studies on organization and communication.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Mascarenhas Mridula
Published: March 2017

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to actions undertaken by individuals within organizations that exceed the formal role requirements associated with job positions. OCBs are undertaken voluntarily and typically have positive effects on organizational outcomes. The research on citizenship behaviors has emerged primarily in the fields of management and organizational psychology, although there has been some interest in OCBs in the field of organizational communication, as well. OCB has been studied largely as a multidimensional construct, and most studies on OCB have attempted to identify its antecedents or its consequences. Although OCB has been primarily regarded as beneficial to organizations, some research has revealed a possible dark side to citizenship behavior. Future research on OCB needs to examine whether and how perceptions and displays of citizenship behaviors have evolved, as the nature of the workplace has been transformed, especially by technology.
Organization–Society Relationship
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Verhoeven Piet
Published: March 2017

The relationship between organizations and society is addressed by many academic disciplines, one of them being organizational communication. This entry is focused on the organizational communication activity called public relations, which specifically addresses organizational attempts to negotiate their relationship with society. Much of the instrumental research on public relations has sought to help organizations improve these relationships through measures of dialogue and the mapping of stakeholders' views and needs. A growing strand of research has also located organizations within the larger social context and addressed the role of communication in regards to issues of power and social change, as well as notions like legitimacy and reflection.
Panopticon
Authors: Novak David R.
Published: March 2017

The panopticon is a social theory concept that helps to explain particular aspects of surveillance and monitoring in a variety of situations. The panopticon, and panopticism – the application of surveillance mechanisms – requires structural elements of control but relies on people's complicity in self‐discipline to maintain social order. Organizational communication, as a field, takes a mostly skeptical approach toward panoptic surveillance, attempting to understand how it works in practice, as well as critiquing mechanisms of organizational surveillance.
Pedagogy
Authors: Dickmeyer Scott
Published: March 2017

The teaching of organizational communication theory and practice has evolved as academic scholarship has transformed assumptions about the role of communication in organizational life. Pedagogy, the theory and practice of educating students, has essentially progressed in four waves, described in detail in this entry. In the first wave, pedagogy viewed communication as a tool which was effectively or ineffectively used within organizations in an attempt to accomplish something. The second wave continued to view communication as a tool, but adapted its purpose and role. In addition to being a command tool for gaining compliance, communication was recognized as an influence tool facilitating the development and maintenance of relationships. Third wave pedagogy recognized communication as foundational to organizational challenges and accomplishments. Fourth wave pedagogy recognizes communication as the means of constructing organizational reality and, therefore, how organizing occurs, leadership is enacted, and both are maintained. Finally, future trends in the evolution of organizational communication pedagogy are advanced.
Performance
Authors: Miller Vernon D. , Gordon Michael E.
Published: March 2017

Performance is a socially constructed concept that is predicated on the conveyance of and acting upon expectations, whether assessed at the individual, unit, or organizational level. Communication is central to selecting, developing, and empowering individual employees with appropriate abilities and appealing to their motivations to perform. Unit‐level performance is associated with job design, training, feedback, climate, and conflict management. Initial research indicates that empowering employees through high‐performance systems and managers' coordination behaviors are associated with organization‐level performance.
Quality Movement
Authors: Brady Robert M. , Nelms Carrie Helgeson
Published: March 2017

Quality efforts can be historically traced to craftsmen's organizations in medieval Europe, but the quality revolution primarily evolved during the 20th century. The movement advanced in manufacturing through the application of statistical quality control methods coupled with training and educating employees for improved work processes. Organizational communication was recognized as an important factor for success in order to improve many quality processes where people were involved. The history of the quality movement initially involved two different dimensions: the creation and implementation of internal processes designed to produce high‐quality products; and the recognition that managerial practices could facilitate or harm the application and working of these internal processes. In practical terms, many of these managerial practices pointed to the critical role of organizational communication in determining the success or failure of the internal processes designed to improve product quality. By the end of the century, these processes were recognized as one of the ways that organizations could better adapt to a complex and rapidly changing manufacturing environment and quality applications were extended beyond products to organizational excellence more broadly.
Roles
Authors: Van Vuuren Mark
Published: March 2017

An organizational role is the configuration of expectations and interpretations of behavior associated with a particular position within an organizational context. The concept of roles emerged from the theater metaphor, which captures the idea that organizational dynamics can be described in terms of a play, in line with a script where different people have a part to play in a performance. The interpretation and managing of different roles can be challenging in various ways. Part of the complexity and the way forward in this change is a consistent assumption through all the different approaches to roles, that they are defined in relation to other roles.
Socialization
Authors: Myers Karen K. , Woo Dajung
Published: March 2017

This entry defines and reviews organizational socialization as an area of organizational communication research. The decade‐by‐decade arrangement reveals how interest and understanding of key concepts have evolved, developed, and contributed to theory and practice from a field concerned mostly with managerial concerns for hiring, training, and retaining workers to an area of research that takes a fuller view to better explore and understand the broad range of organizational membership experiences.
Structure
Authors: Louisa Simpson Mary , Elizabeth Holdsworth Roxanna
Published: March 2017

Conceptualizations of organization structure within the organizational communication discipline have changed considerably over the past three decades. This entry outlines different ways in which organizational structure is treated by organizational communication scholars. It applies three contextual frames: modernity, postmodernity, and liquid modernity. Each frame offers different perspectives and approaches for studying structure in relation to communication and organization. Organization structure is discussed from each of these three perspectives using illustrative metaphors and organizational communication studies.
Supervisor–Subordinate Communication
Authors: Kramer Michael W.
Published: March 2017

Supervisor–subordinate communication is one of the most studied areas of organizational communication dating back to the founding of the field. A large body of research has identified some of the important characteristics of supervisor–subordinate communication including differences between effective and ineffective supervisors. Effective supervisors are more communication minded, open to listening to their subordinates, and more likely to persuade rather than coerce their subordinates to complete work. More recent research suggests that supervisors treat subordinates differentially. They have partnership or in‐group relationships with some subordinates with whom they share information freely, consult on decision making, and have personal or informal relationships; with other subordinates they have overseer or out‐group relationships in which they have formal relationships primarily focused on work issues. A recent trend in supervisor–subordinate communication studies is to examine how supervisors manage dialectical tensions such as the need for structure and the need for flexibility.
Uncertainty
Authors: Clampitt Phillip G. , Lee Williams M.
Published: March 2017

Uncertainty permeates organizations, infusing the probabilities of communication with ambiguity, complexity, and possibility. Uncertainty evolved from an unthinkable concept (among the ancient Greeks and Romans), emerged into an intriguing probabilistic notion (for Pascal), morphed into robust scientific debate (between Einstein and Bohr), and transformed into a profound notion influencing virtually every academic discipline. Uncertainty directly or indirectly touches almost every aspect of organizational communication. Scholars differ in their emphases and perspectives on uncertainty, but they recognize the utility of viewing it from differing angles, operationalizing it, and assessing how employees and organizations respond to it.
Virtual Teams
Authors: Gibbs Jennifer L. , Kim Heewon , Boyraz Maggie
Published: March 2017

Virtual teams have become commonplace in modern organizations, and the interdisciplinary scholarship on virtual teams has burgeoned over the past few decades. Virtual teams are of particular interest to organizational communication scholars, as it is through communication practices that such teams are constituted and become visible. This entry reviews the key dimensions of virtuality and their impacts on teams; current areas of focus in the literature; changes in conceptualization, measurement, and research design; and future directions related to virtual teams.
Workplace Democracy
Authors: Holmer Nadesan Majia , Cheney George
Published: March 2017

The idea of workplace democracy invokes Western democratic ideals, while simultaneously bringing into relief significant social and environmental challenges facing contemporary organizations under neoliberal capitalism, including growing inequality and resource limits threatening indefinite economic expansion. This entry contextualizes workplace democracy philosophically and historically within Western democratic market societies, in the transdisciplinary arena of organizational studies, and especially and within the subdiscipline of organizational communication. This entry explains key efforts to understand and deploy workplace democracy while identifying key models, issues, challenges, and practices across empirical‐analytical, interpretive, and critical scholarly traditions.
Spirituality
Authors: McNamee Lacy G.
Published: March 2017

Though the organizational communication subfield has historically maintained a largely secular focus, the concept of spirituality (in both a religious and nonreligious sense) has gradually become a substantial topic of interest. Scholars have advocated wide‐ranging positions on the integration of spirituality in organizing. Some have touted its benefits for organizations and their members while others have warned of its susceptibility to colonization and commoditization. This entry summarizes the history of this topic's treatment in the scholarly literature, various conceptualizations of spirituality as it relates to organizational communication, and spirituality's intersection with other key topics and issues in the field.
Professionalism
Authors: Callaway Russo Tracy
Published: March 2017

The term
professionalism
is used in two broad organizational contexts. One signals role, hierarchy, and long‐established characteristics of a profession. The second appears in job advertisements and popular press articles about
employment
as a broad term for attitudes or behaviors associated with white collar or nonmanual labor. Scholarly examination of professionalism and the related concepts of
profession
and
professional
highlights how the terms serve as discursive resources, especially about careers, roles, and meaningful work, as well as how labeling individuals as professional may exclude other individuals and groups.
Friction Contribution to Bioinspired Mushroom‐Shaped Dry Adhesives
Authors: Hu Hong , Tian Hongmiao , Shao Jinyou , Wang Yue , Li Xiangming , Tian Yu , Ding Yucheng , Lu Bingheng
Published: March 2017

Bioinspired mushroom‐shaped micropillar recently has attracted considerable interest from researchers on adhesion‐functionalized artificial surface due to its prominent dry adhesive property. Understanding the interface behavior and further exploring the physical mechanism are of significance for properly designing the structure dimension with enhanced performance. However, the friction contribution to such type of adhesive structures is mostly overlooked in previous investigations. In this paper, by revisiting the detachment behavior associated with the calculation of the critical dynamic crack size making the contact interface destabilized, it is demonstrated that the friction force does work in the detachment process of mushroom‐shaped micropillars. The calculated maximum pull‐off forces are in good agreement with experimental results and the friction force contribution can reach up to about 41% of the total adhesive force when the tip diameter is 2.6 times the diameter of the supporting pillar. The present model provides a deeper insight into the mushroom‐shaped dry adhesives and may be helpful in future bioinspired dry adhesives designs.
Unveiling the Dynamic Processes in Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanoparticle Thin Film Devices
Authors: Puscher Bianka M. D. , Aygüler Meltem F. , Docampo Pablo , Costa Rubén D.
Published: March 2017

Hybrid and all‐inorganic perovskite (PK) materials are a promising next generation of semiconducting materials due to their outstanding light‐harvesting features, as well as their color‐tunablility and efficient luminescent properties that lead to highly efficient photovoltaic and lighting devices. Bulk PK films are both ionic and electronic conductors under the presence of an externally applied electric field. In this work, the internal ion motion behavior is demonstrated within PK nanoparticles in thin‐film devices by means of different long‐time poling scheme assays and both static and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. In particular, the existence of a dynamic device behavior is related to the migration and rearrangement of different ionic species upon applying different driving schemes. The latter resembles the well‐known signatures of the ionic motion in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), that is, (i) the formation of electrical double layers due to the ionic distribution at the electrodes' interfaces, (ii) the growth of the doped regions once the charge injection is effective, and (iii) the subsequent formation of a non‐doped region in the bulk of the device. Hence, this comprehensive study opens up an alternative route toward understanding the dynamics inside hybrid perovskite materials based on the large body of knowledge of LECs.
Follow‐up of isolated neutron star candidates from the eROSITA survey
Authors: Pires A. M. , Schwope A. D. , Motch C.
Published: March 2017

Peculiar groups of X‐ray emitting isolated neutron stars, which include magnetars, the “magnificent seven”, and central compact objects in supernova remnants, escape detection in standard pulsar surveys. Yet, they constitute a key element in understanding the neutron star evolution and phenomenology. Their use in population studies in the galactic scale has been hindered by the rarity of their detection. The all‐sky survey of the extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on‐board the forthcoming Spectrum‐Roentgen‐Gamma (SRG) mission has the unique potential to unveil the X‐ray faint part of the population and constrain evolutionary models. To create a forecast for the 4‐year all‐sky survey, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of a population synthesis model, where we follow the evolutionary tracks of thermally emitting neutron stars in the Milky Way and test their detectability. In this paper, we discuss strategies for pinpointing the most promising candidates for follow‐up observing campaigns using current and future facilities.
Toxicological Assessment of Microcystin‐LR to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Using Metabolomics
Authors: Yoon Dahye , Choi Hyeonsoo , Noh Hyeonkyung , Ok Young Jun , Oh Sangah , Ma Seohee , Yoon Changshin , Kim Suhkmann
Published: March 2017

Microcystins are one of the most frequently found hepatotoxic cyclic peptides in fresh‐ and brackish‐water. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 20 ppb of microcystin‐LR (MCLR) for 72 h in order to investigate the metabolic responses. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolic profiles. As a result, male and female zebrafish showed different patterns of metabolic perturbation in relation to their detoxification profiles. Glutathione was reduced for the MCLR excretion, and fumarate and creatine were increased for the energy demands required for detoxification in the male zebrafish. The correlation of metabolites in the metabolic pathway network was changed due to MCLR exposure. The correlations connected with myo‐inositol, betaine, and NADPH considerably altered in the MCLR‐exposed group.
Post‐Synthetic Modification of Mesoporous Zinc‐Adeninate Framework with Tris(2,2′‐bipyridine) Ruthenium(II) Complex and its Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Park Ji‐Eun , Oh Hyojae , An Jihyun , Shin Ik‐Soo
Published: March 2017

Herein we report a redox‐active metal‐organic framework (MOF) via post‐synthetic cation exchange with tris(2,2′‐biprydine) ruthenium(II) complex (Ru(bpy)32+). A porous anionic zinc‐adeninate framework (bMOF‐100) is spacious enough to easily entrap 2.43 of Ru(bpy)32+ cations within the mesopore. The encapsulation supported the framework structure preventing any distortion from a rapid solvent evaporation under SEM observation. Ru(bpy)32+@bMOF‐100 was then immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode, and its electrocatalytic and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) properties were investigated in aqueous and organic solution. Especially, Ru(bpy)32+@bMOF‐100 showed the excellent electrochemical properties of Ru(bpy)32+, but gradual decomposition of the MOF structure was observed under electrochemical measurements because of the sluggish oxidation of adeninate ligand.
Profiling of Compositions of Essential Oils and Volatiles of Salvia limbata Using Traditional and Advanced Techniques and Evaluation for Biological Activities of Their Extracts
Authors: Mohammadhosseini Majid , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Flamini Guido
Published: March 2017

In the present work, the essential oils and volatiles from flowers, leaves, and stems of Salvia limbata obtained using microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation, solvent‐free microwave extraction, headspace‐assisted analysis, and headspace‐solid phase microextraction have been characterized for the first time. The results have been also compared with those from traditional separation techniques involving hydrodistillation and steam distillation. Regardless of some common compounds in all of the profiles, some dissimilarities were noted due to the use of different extracting approaches. Taking into account the chemical categories, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were found as the most represented group of natural compounds contributing to the chemical profiles. It was also noted that the methanol extracts obtained from the flowers of Sal. limbata showed a desirable antioxidant activity, comparable to the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. Furthermore, using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, all the tested bacteria demonstrated weak to moderate and moderate to strong sensibilities to the MeOH extracts obtained from different plant parts of Sal. limbata.
Chemical Composition of Volatiles; Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. (Apiaceae) Essential Oils and Extracts
Authors: Petrović Goran M. , Stamenković Jelena G. , Kostevski Ivana R. , Stojanović Gordana S. , Mitić Violeta D. , Zlatković Bojan K.
Published: March 2017

The present study reports the chemical composition of the headspace volatiles (HS) and essential oils obtained from fresh Chaerophyllum aromaticum root and aerial parts in full vegetative phase, as well as biological activities of their essential oils and MeOH extracts. In HS samples, the most dominant components were monoterpene hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the essential oils consisted mainly of sesquiterpenoids, representing 73.4% of the root and 63.4% of the aerial parts essential oil. The results of antibacterial assay showed that the aerial parts essential oil and MeOH extract have no antibacterial activity, while the root essential oil and extract showed some activity. Both of the tested essential oils exhibited anticholinesterase activity (47.65% and 50.88%, respectively); MeOH extract of the root showed only 8.40% inhibition, while aerial part extract acted as an activator of cholinesterase. Regarding the antioxidant activity, extracts were found to be more effective than the essential oils.
Lymphangiography and subsequent sclerotherapy can be easily applied by cannulation of the lymph duct with a catheter for the neonatal central vein
Authors: Kimura Tomomi , Hasegawa Kenjiro , Morisada Sunao , Inagawa Kiichi , Tsukahara Kouhei , Ensako Takaaki , Ebisudani Shogo , Nagashima Fumiaki , Osugi Ikuko , Ishikawa Masaharu , Harada Takashi , Teramoto Miori , Inai Masateru
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Therapeutic lipiodol lymphangiography for postoperative chyle leakage due to lymph duct damage has recently been attracting attention. Lymph duct puncture is technically complex and difficult. Lymphangiography and sclerotherapy can be easily applied by cannulation with a catheter for the neonatal central vein to the lymph duct under a microscope.
Biocatalytic Process Optimization for the Production of High‐Added‐Value 6‐O‐Hydroxy and 3‐O‐Hydroxy Glycosyl Building Blocks
Authors: Callaghan Ciara , Redmond Martin , Alnoch Robson Carlos , Mateo Cesar , Filice Marco , Palomo Jose M.
Published: March 2017

A biocatalytic process to synthesize regioselective monohydroxy glycosyl building blocks has been optimized. Lipases immobilized on commercial supports were treated with water‐soluble carbodiimide (EDC) at different concentrations. In the presence of cosolvents, the stability of lipases adsorbed on octyl‐Sepharose improved after the EDC modification. The new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) modified heterogeneous biocatalysts were tested in the production of 6‐OH hydroxyl‐tetraacetyl glucose by a regioselective mono‐deacetylation in aqueous media. Improvements in activity and excellent regioselectivity were obtained for octyl‐CRL‐EDC10mM preparation, with 95 % isolated yield of product on a multimilligram scale. We also observed excellent recyclability. The C‐6 alcohol was transformed to a C‐3 alcohol by chemical migration, and both compounds were transformed successfully in the corresponding new trichloroacetimidyl glucoderivatives. Modified CRL biocatalysts were also tested in the selective deprotection of peracetylated thymidine, and octyl‐CRL‐EDC10mM showed excellent specificity and improved regioselectivity to produce 3‐hydroxy‐5‐acetyl‐thymidine, a precursor of azidethymidine (AZT), in 95 % yield. The new Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML)‐modified heterogeneous biocatalysts showed excellent regioselectivity and recyclability in the 3‐OH mono‐deprotection of peracetylated lactal.
More Than a Job Club, Sister: Career Intervention for Women Following Incarceration
Authors: Snodgrass Jill L. , Jenkins Betsy B. , Tate Kelly F.
Published: March 2017

Following incarceration, women face unique challenges in returning to their communities and seeking employment. This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of previously incarcerated women as they participated in It's More Than a Job Club, Sister, a spiritually integrated career intervention, and subsequently sought employment. The following 4 superordinate themes emerged describing this experience: (a) It was more than a job club; (b) God gave me a second chance: the impact of faith on recovery and employment; (c) barriers to employment; and (d) looking ahead. The findings indicate the need for a strengths‐based approach to career intervention that builds upon existing skills and emphasizes identity exploration, uncovering core beliefs and vocational values, bridging the gap between goals and barriers, and leveraging interpersonal skills. The findings also indicate that career counseling with female returning citizens is enhanced by incorporating attention to the role of substance abuse/recovery and by attending to the intersection of calling and vocation.
Relational Self‐Construal as a Moderator of Social Support in Career Decision Making
Authors: Li Yaoshan I. , Hazler Richard J. , Trusty Jerry
Published: March 2017

The authors examined relational self‐construal as a moderator of the influence of social support on career decision‐making difficulties among 352 college students (65% women, 63% Caucasian). Results of hierarchical regression analyses supported the hypothesis that individuals with higher relational self‐construal reported fewer difficulties in terms of lack of information and inconsistent information in career decision making as social support increased. Social support, however, did not reduce career decision‐making difficulties for those with lower relational self‐construal. Relational self‐construal did not moderate the relationship between social support and lack of readiness in career decision‐making difficulties as expected, possibly because of conceptual and measurement issues. Results suggest counselors work from relational and contextual perspectives to foster clients' self‐views and to use social support to facilitate their career decision making.
Exploring Emotional Intelligence Among Master's‐Level Counseling Trainees
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Mullen Patrick R. , Fox Jesse
Published: March 2017

The authors explored the relationship between counseling trainees' emotional intelligence (EI), empathy, stress, distress, and demographics. Results indicated that higher levels of EI were associated with lower stress and distress, higher affective and cognitive empathy, and age. These findings suggest curricular integration of EI and potential utility of EI measures to evaluate students' progress throughout the program.
Expert Supervisors' Priorities When Working With Easy and Challenging Supervisees
Authors: Kemer Gulsah , Borders L. DiAnne , Yel Nedim
Published: March 2017

Using Kemer, Borders, and Willse's () concept map as a conceptual model, the authors aimed to understand expert supervisors' priorities with their easy and challenging supervisees. Experts' priorities with easy and challenging supervisees were represented in different parts of the concept map, and they seemed to individualize their work with challenging supervisees.
Attending to Nuanced Emotions: Fostering Supervisees' Emotional Awareness and Complexity
Authors: Tangen Jodi L.
Published: March 2017

There is limited supervision research exploring how supervisees learn emotional awareness and complexity. In this article, the 5 levels of emotional awareness and 3 aspects of emotional complexity are explored in light of the supervision enterprise. In addition, 2 supervision intervention guides and a case example are provided.
Improved Rate Capability of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials by Building a Li+‐Conductive LixBPO4+x/2 Nanolayer from Residual Li2CO3 on the Surface
Authors: Ma Leilei , Li Yang , Chen Zonghai , Zhang Fan , Ding Pengchong , Mao Lei , Lian Fang
Published: March 2017

Lithium‐ and manganese‐rich layered oxides face great challenges for practical applications, including gradual voltage decay upon normal charge/discharge cycling and the relatively low volumetric energy density. This series of materials generally suffer from a great reduction in reversible capacity with an increase of the current density and the loading density of the electrode, which can be attributed to the low Li+ conductivity of the material, as previously reported. Herein, BPO4 is proposed to encapsulate Li1.16(Ni0.25Mn0.75)0.84O2 (LNMO) particles and is expected to form a Li‐doped LixBPO4+x/2 (LBP) layer as a lithium‐ion conductor on the particle surface to facilitate the transportation of Li+ across the solid−liquid interface. The results confirm that the LBP layer was formed, providing a lithium‐ion diffusion path and suppressing the undesired interfacial reactions. A LNMO sample coated with 1.6 mol% LBP (LBP@LNMO) demonstrated excellent rate capability, retaining 90.2, 80.2, 61.2, and 43.5 % at 1, 2, 5, and 10 C rates of the capacity at the 0.5 C rate. Moreover, the modified material is clearly relieved from voltage fading and offers improved cycling stability at 55 °C, which mainly contributes to a decrease in the polarization and an increase in the interfacial stability under the protection of the LBP layer. It implies that the dual functional coating is an effective route to promote the lithium‐transport kinetics.
Synthesis of Hexagonal FeMnP Thin Films from a Single‐Source Molecular Precursor
Authors: Leitner Andrew P. , Schipper Desmond E. , Chen Jing‐Han , Colson Adam C. , Rusakova Irene , Rai Binod Kumar , Morosan Emilia , Whitmire Kenton H.
Published: March 2017

The first heterobimetallic phosphide thin film containing iron, manganese, and phosphorus, derived from the single‐source precursor FeMn(CO)8(μ‐PH2), has been prepared using a home‐built metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The thin film contains the same ratio of iron, manganese, and phosphorus as the initial precursor. The film becomes oxidized when deposited on a quartz substrate, whereas the film deposited on an alumina substrate provides a more homogeneous product. Powder X‐ray diffraction confirms the formation of a metastable, hexagonal FeMnP phase that was previously only observed at temperatures above 1200 °C. Selected area electron diffraction on single crystals isolated from the films was indexed to the hexagonal phase. The effective moment of the films (μeff=3.68 μB) matches the previously reported theoretical value for the metastable hexagonal phase, whereas the more stable orthorhombic phase is known to be antiferromagnetic. These results not only demonstrate the successful synthesis of a bimetallic, ternary thin film from a single‐source precursor, but also the first low temperature approach to the hexagonal phase of FeMnP.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation: Facile Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers in Oxindoles
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Kajita Harutake , Togni Antonio
Published: March 2017

The first example of a magnesium‐catalyzed direct trifluoromethylation of 3‐substituted oxindoles using an electrophilic hypervalent iodine reagent is reported. The reaction proceeds under unprecedented mild conditions leading to the formation of an all‐carbon quaternary center in oxindoles in high chemical yield and demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance. In addition to trifluoromethyl, other perfluoroalkyl groups can be introduced with similar level of efficacy. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with the involvement of a radical pathway. The chemical versatility of the obtained products is further illustrated through their conversion in situ into valuable organofluorine building blocks, making the protocol more widely applicable.
Scared for the scar: fearsome impact of acute cardiovascular disease on perceived kinesiophobia (fear of movement)
Authors: Brunetti Natale D. , Guerra Antonio , Ieva Riccardo , Correale Michele , Santoro Francesco , Tarantino Nicola , Di Biase Matteo
Published: March 2017

Background

To assess levels of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) in patients hospitalized for acute cardiovascular disease.

Hypothesis

Increased levels of kinesiophobia can be found in subjects hospitalized for acute cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Seventy‐four consecutive patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome and 58 for acute heart failure were enrolled in the study and assessed by the Tampa Scale for the evaluation of kinesiophobia. Subjects were compared with a reference population with stable coronary artery disease and healthy controls.

Results

No significant differences were found between acute coronary syndrome and acute heart failure in terms of kinesiophobia, even considering the rates of high kinesiophobia (Tampa score >37) and the 4 groups of questionnaire items (danger, fear, avoidance, dysfunction). Differences, however, were significant comparing our population with an historical population of subjects with stable coronary artery disease and controls (43 ± 5 vs 35 ± 7 vs 33 ± 6, P < 0.0001 in both cases). A significant correlation was found between the grade of kinesiophobia in the Tampa Scale and the age of subjects (r = 0.27, P = 0.001) and inversely with level of education (r = −0.33, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Increased levels of kinesiophobia can be found in subjects hospitalized for acute cardiovascular disease. Kinesiophobia is related to age and education. Kinesiophobia should be carefully considered in subjects hospitalized in acute cardiac care units.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation improves carotid and vertebral arterial blood flow in patients with severe aortic stenosis: practical role of orthostatic stress test
Authors: Kleczyński Pawel , Petkow Dimitrow Pawel , Dziewierz Artur , Surdacki Andrzej , Dudek Dariusz
Published: March 2017

Background

There are no data on the impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on carotid and vertebral arterial blood flow. Our aim was to assess the effects of the orthostatic stress test on carotid and vertebral artery blood flow in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVI.

Hypothesis

TAVI may have beneficial effect on carotid and vertebral artery flow in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Methods

Thirty carefully selected patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI were enrolled. Peak systolic blood‐flow velocity and end‐diastolic velocity in the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery, as well as spectral analysis of flow pattern with time‐averaged maximum velocity (centimeters per second), time‐averaged mean velocity (centimeters per second), and flow volume (milliliters per minute) on both sides were measured by duplex ultrasound. Measurements were performed in the supine position and at 1 to 2 minutes after the assumption of the standing position at baseline and 3 months after TAVI.

Results

All duplex ultrasound parameters assessed in the supine position have significantly improved in patients after TAVI as compared to baseline (P < 0.001 for all). The orthostatic stress test induced decrease of carotid and vertebral arterial flow velocities in AS patients before and after TAVI. However, the drop in velocities and flow volume was numerically lower after TAVI.

Conclusions

TAVI may have some beneficial effect on extracranial artery blood flow by minimalization of its decrease as a response to orthostatic stress.
Accuracy of next‐generation sequencing for the identification of clinically relevant variants in cytology smears in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Baum Jordan E. , Zhang Pan , Hoda Rana S. , Geraghty Brian , Rennert Hanna , Narula Navneet , Fernandes Helen D.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Minimally invasive diagnostic procedures such as needle‐core biopsy and fine‐needle aspiration provide adequate material for molecular analyses. Advances in precision oncology are trending toward the interrogation of limited amounts of genomic material to guide clinical and therapeutic decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate the minimum cellularity needed on cytologic smears for the identification of clinically relevant variants with next‐generation sequencing (NGS).

METHODS

Thirty cases of cytologically diagnosed, resection‐proven primary lung adenocarcinoma were identified. Nineteen of the 30 cases were known to harbor actionable variants. One Diff‐Quik (DQ)–stained slide and 1 Papanicolaou (Pap)‐stained slide were selected from each case. Cases were categorized as containing fewer than 100 tumor cells, 100 to 500 tumor cells, or more than 500 tumor cells. NGS was performed on the Ion Torrent platform.

RESULTS

NGS was successfully performed on all cell blocks and on 90% of the smears. Paired DQ and Pap smears showed similar cellularity, and cases that differed in cellularity were within 1 category of each other. The cases with more than 100 tumor cells had a 93% success rate; this was significantly different from the situation for cases with fewer than 100 tumor cells, which were successfully sequenced only 67% of the time. Overall, NGS was able to provide clinically relevant information for 83% of DQ smears and for 90% of Pap smears tested.

CONCLUSIONS

The data show a significantly higher likelihood of successful NGS with cytologic smears with more than 100 tumor cells. There was a trend for a higher NGS success rate with Pap smears versus DQ smears. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:398–406. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The Relation between Vaporization Enthalpies and Viscosities: Eyring's Theory Applied to Selected Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bonsa Anne‐Marie , Paschek Dietmar , Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Emel'yanenko Vladimir N. , Verevkin Sergey P. , Ludwig Ralf
Published: March 2017

Key properties for the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in batteries are low viscosities, low vapor pressure and high vaporization enthalpies. Whereas the measurement of transport properties is well established, the determination of vaporization enthalpies of these extremely low volatile compounds is still a challenge. At a first glance both properties seem to describe different thermophysical phenomena. However, eighty years ago Eyring suggested a theory which related viscosities and vaporization enthalpies to each other. The model is based on Eyring's theory of absolute reaction rates. Recent attempts to apply Eyring's theory to ionic liquids failed. The motivation of our study is to show that Eyring's theory works, if the assumptions specific for ionic liquids are fulfilled. For that purpose we measured the viscosities of three well selected protic ionic liquids (PILs) at different temperatures. The temperature dependences of viscosities were approximated by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamann (VFT) relation and extrapolated to the high‐temperature regime up to 600 K. Then the VFT‐data could be fitted to the Eyring‐model. The values of vaporization enthalpies for the three selected PILs predicted by the Eyring model have been very close to the experimental values measured by well‐established techniques. We conclude that the Eyring theory can be successfully applied to the chosen set of PILs, if the assumption that ionic pairs of the viscous flow in the liquid and the ionic pairs in the gas phase are similar is fulfilled. It was also noticed that proper transfer of energies can be only derived if the viscosities and the vaporization energies are known for temperatures close to the liquid–gas transition temperature. The idea to correlate easy measurable viscosities of ionic liquids with their vaporization enthalpies opens a new way for a reliable assessment of these thermodynamic properties for a broad range of ionic liquids.
A 0.6‐V sub‐mW X‐band RFSOI CMOS LNA with novel complementary current‐reused technique
Authors: Dai Ruofan
Published: March 2017

A fully integrated 0.6 V low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for X‐band receiver application based on 0.18 μm RFSOI CMOS technology is presented in this paper. To achieve low noise and high gain with the constraint of low voltage and low power consumption, a novel modified complementary current‐reused LNA using forward body bias technique is proposed. A diode connected MOSFET forward bias technique is employed to minimize the body leakage and improve the noise performance. A notch filter isolator is constructed to improve the linearity of low voltage. The measured results show that the proposed LNA achieves a power gain of 11.2 dB and a noise figure of 3.8 dB, while consuming a DC current of only 1.6 mA at supply voltage of 0.6 V. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Lighting Electromagnetic Field on Numerical Terrain and Urban Model using Three‐Dimensional MW‐FDTD Parallel Computation
Authors: OIKAWA TAKASHI , SONODA JUN , HONMA NORIYASU , SATO MOTOYUKI
Published: March 2017

Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method has been studies in recent year. However, large‐scale analysis on real environment has not been considered, because the FDTD method requires huge computational cost on large‐scale analysis. We proposed a three‐dimensional moving window FDTD (MW‐FDTD) with parallel computation and applied to large‐scale analysis of lightning electromagnetic field with a real numerical terrain model. In this paper, we have studied about large‐scale analysis of lightning electromagnetic field with real urban models considering many buildings using our MW‐FDTD with parallel computation. We have shown effects of observed electromagnetic field on urban model.
Predator community composition is linked to soil carbon retention across a human land use gradient
Authors: Schmitz Oswald J. , Buchkowski Robert W. , Smith Jeffrey R. , Telthorst Mark , Rosenblatt Adam E.
Published: March 2017

Soil carbon (C) storage is a major component of the carbon cycle. Consensus holds that soil C uptake and storage is regulated by plant–microbe–soil interactions. However, the contribution of animals in aboveground food webs to this process has been overlooked. Using insights from prior long‐term experimentation in an old‐field ecosystem and mathematical modeling, we predicted that the amount of soil C retention within a field should increase with the proportion of active hunting predators comprising the aboveground community of active hunting and sit‐and‐wait predators. This comes about because predators with different hunting modes have different cascading effects on plants. Our test of the prediction revealed that the composition of the arthropod predator community and associated cascading effects on the plant community explained 41% of variation in soil C retention among 15 old fields across a human land use gradient. We also evaluated the potential for several other candidate factors to explain variation in soil C retention among fields, independent of among‐field variation in the predator community. These included live plant biomass, insect herbivore community composition, soil arthropod decomposer community composition, degree of land use development around the fields, field age, and soil texture. None of these candidate variables significantly explained soil C retention among the fields. The study offers a generalizable understanding of the pathways through which arthropod predator community composition can contribute to old‐field ecosystem carbon storage. This insight helps support ongoing efforts to understand and manage the effects of anthropogenic land use change on soil C storage.
Mechanochemical Reactivity of Square‐Planar Nickel Complexes and Pyridyl‐Based Spacers for the Solid‐State Preparation of Coordination Polymers: The Case of Nickel Diethyldithiophosphate and 4,4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Cabras Valentina , Pilloni Martina , Scano Alessandra , Lai Romina , Aragoni Maria Carla , Coles Simon J. , Ennas Guido
Published: March 2017

The mechanochemical synthesis of a coordination polymer from a preformed metal coordination complex and a pyridyl‐based spacer has been successfully performed. The coordination polymer (1·L)∞was obtained rapidly from the reaction of the neutral square‐planar complex [{(EtO)2PS2}2Ni] (1) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (L) at room temperature through two different mechanochemical approaches (neat grinding and liquid‐assisted grinding). The products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. In parallel (1·L)∞was prepared by conventional solvent‐based methods, and the X‐ray crystal structure of the polymer, obtained as single crystals, was compared with that from the mechanochemical preparation.
Integrated electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices with pH‐mediated solid‐phase extraction coupled to microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarkers
Authors: Sonker Mukul , Knob Radim , Sahore Vishal , Woolley Adam T.
Published: March 2017

Integration in microfluidics is important for achieving automation. Sample preconcentration integrated with separation in a microfluidic setup can have a substantial impact on rapid analysis of low‐abundance disease biomarkers. Here, we have developed a microfluidic device that uses pH‐mediated solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment and elution of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Furthermore, this SPE module was integrated with microchip electrophoresis for combined enrichment and separation of multiple analytes, including a PTB peptide biomarker (P1). A reversed‐phase octyl methacrylate monolith was polymerized as the SPE medium in polyethylene glycol diacrylate modified cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic channels. Eluent for pH‐mediated SPE of PTB biomarkers on the monolith was optimized using different pH values and ionic concentrations. Nearly 50‐fold enrichment was observed in single channel SPE devices for a low nanomolar solution of P1, with great elution time reproducibility (<7% RSD). The monolith binding capacity was determined to be 400 pg (0.2 pmol). A mixture of a model peptide (FA) and a PTB biomarker (P1) was extracted, eluted, injected, and then separated by microchip electrophoresis in our integrated device with ∼15‐fold enrichment. This device shows important progress towards an integrated electrokinetically operated platform for preconcentration and separation of biomarkers.