bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
This should help with that: A behavioral investigation into self‐derivation of knowledge about prescription medications
Authors: Dugan Jessica A. , Bauer Patricia J.
Published: February 2022

Self‐derivation of new factual knowledge is crucial for building a knowledge base. In three experiments, we investigated self‐derivation about prescription medications. In Experiment 1, adults self‐derived new knowledge across textual materials on 40% of trials. Participants in Experiment 2 performed similarly (42%), even when half the information was presented in videos. It was crucial that participants received both learning episodes to successfully self‐derive: control condition participants received half the necessary information and performed significantly lower. When a delay was imposed between related facts in Experiment 3, participants self‐derived on only 33% of trials and performance did not differ from the control condition. The present research expanded our understanding of adults' learning and self‐derivation across media about medications. It revealed room for improvement in adults' learning and self‐derivation about health information. This work suggests the need to identify factors that alter performance, including better understanding of the properties of information sources.
Influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on the incidence of heat stroke and heat exhaustion in Japan: a nationwide observational study based on the HeatstrokeSTUDY2019 (withoutCOVID‐19) and 2020 (withCOVID‐19)
Authors: Kanda Jun , Miyake Yasufumi , Umehara Tadashi , Yoshiike Shoichi , Fujita Motoki , Hayashida Kei , Hifumi Toru , Kaneko Hitoshi , Kobayashi Tatsuho , Kondo Yutaka , Moriya Takashi , Okada Yohei , Okano Yuichi , Shimazaki Junya , Takauji Shuhei , Yamaguchi Junko , Yagi Masaharu , Yokota Hiroyuki , Shimizu Keiki , Yaguchi Arino , Yokobori Shoji
Published: February 2022

Aim

To assess heat stroke and heat exhaustion occurrence and response during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter, registry‐based study describes and compares the characteristics of patients between the months of July and September in 2019 and 2020. Factors affecting heat stroke and heat exhaustion were statistically analyzed. Cramér’s V was calculated to determine the effect size for group comparisons. We also investigated the prevalence of mask wearing and details of different cooling methods.

Results

No significant differences were observed between 2019 and 2020. In both years, in‐hospital mortality rates just exceeded 8%. Individuals >65 years old comprised 50% of cases and non‐exertional onset (office work and everyday life) comprised 60%–70%, respectively. The recommendations from the Working Group on Heat Stroke Medicine given during the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019 had a significant impact on the choice of cooling methods. The percentage of cases, for which intravascular temperature management was performed and cooling blankets were used increased, whereas the percentage of cases in which evaporative plus convective cooling was performed decreased. A total of 49 cases of heat stroke in mask wearing were reported.

Conclusion

Epidemiological assessments of heat stroke and heat exhaustion did not reveal significant changes between 2019 and 2020. The findings suggest that awareness campaigns regarding heat stroke prevention among the elderly in daily life should be continued in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In the future, it is also necessary to validate the recommendations of the Working Group on Heatstroke Medicine.
Rural residents' emotions, beliefs, and sources that influenced those beliefs regarding sex offender policies, practice, and the efficacy of treatment
Authors: Kang Tamara , Green Adam , Akamani Betty , Pinkston Kieleha
Published: February 2022

Public perceptions regarding a sex offender's likelihood to reoffend and the efficacy of sex offender policies and practices is often inconsistent with the extant literature in academia. Thus, there is a critical need to better understand what influences those beliefs regarding sex offender policies and practices. We collected data from 284 residents from government defined rural counties and sought to examine: (1) the sources that were most influential in shaping their beliefs regarding sex offender policies and practices; (2) what characteristics the “influential sources” had; and (3) the residents' emotional response when they think about “sex offenders”. The majority of participants were supportive of registration, community notification, and use of the polygraph. Further, the results suggest that “academics and peer review articles” rarely influence beliefs. Rather, “personal experiences” and the emotions “rage” and “sadness” (but not anger or disgust) may be important in influencing rural residents' beliefs regarding sex offender treatment, castration, execution, and misconceptions regarding juveniles with a sex offense. We conclude by discussing: (1) potential factors that may affect why academics are not perceived as influential sources; and (2) possibilities for how scientists can influence rural residents' beliefs by utilizing personal experiences and anecdotal information that may spark emotion.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the posterior pharyngeal space
Authors: Poutoglidis Alexandros , Tsetsos Nikolaos , Chatzinakis Vasileios , Georgalas Christos
Published: February 2022

A 55‐year‐old man presented with dysphagia and a sore throat. Oral examination revealed a firm nodular mass in the midline of the pharyngeal wall. The tumor was en‐bloc excised. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of a tenosynovial giant cell tumor.
Ectopia cordis in an adult patient with COVID‐19: A case report and literature review
Authors: Alshamiri Kamal M. , Albriek Abdulilah Z. , Farrag Tariq W. , Alshamiri Mostafa Q.
Published: February 2022

Ectopia cordis (EC) is a rare congenital condition characterized by a partial or complete defect of the anterior chest wall. It is associated with ventricular and atrial septal defects (ASD), Ebstein's anomaly, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This study aimed to explore the cardiac manifestations of EC complicated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A 23‐year‐old male, born with EC, was admitted to the hospital for acute cough and fever. The patient was diagnosed with EC and ASD by computed tomography and COVID‐19 via a polymerase chain reaction swab test. Patients with ECs rarely survive till adulthood. However, due to the rarity of this syndrome, upon literature review, we did not find a case of EC with concurrent COVID‐19 infection. The patient underwent the required investigations and conventional treatment such as fluid resuscitation, antibiotics administration, and full code cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interventions performed were unsuccessful, and the patient died. This case demonstrates a patient who lived with EC and its associated cardiac anomalies but died of COVID‐19 and its complications despite full resuscitation attempts. Our findings suggest that patients with EC may survive to adulthood if they have an incomplete EC, fewer intracardiac defects except for ASD, and an absence of an omphalocele.
Serious events following COVID‐19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine (Vaxzevria): A short case series from Iran
Authors: Khajavirad Nasim , Salehi Mohammadreza , Haji ghadery Abdolkarim , Khalili Hossein , Arab Ahmadi Mehran , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Zare Dehnavi Ali
Published: February 2022

In 2020, the SARS‐COV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) imposed huge challenges on the health, economic, and political systems, and by the end of the year, hope had been born with the release of COVID‐19 vaccines aimed at bringing the pandemic to an end. However, the COVID‐19 vaccination programs have sparked several concerns and ongoing debates over safety issues. Here, we presented three cases of patients with serious adverse events, encephalopathy, vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine. Therefore, it is critical to investigate and report the occurrence of adverse reactions following vaccination, particularly serious ones, as it contributes to the growing body of research and assists clinicians in better diagnosing and managing them.
Diabetic ketoacidosis with severe hypokalemia and persistent hypernatremia in an adolescent girl with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Badawy Mohammed Kamal , Viswanath Vidya , Khetriwal Babita , Pradhan Swati , Williams Rachel M. , Pathan Nazima , Marcovecchio Maria Loredana
Published: February 2022

We report a case of new‐onset type 1 diabetes in a girl presenting with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, complicated by profound hypokalemia and hypernatremia. We describe the clinical course, management challenges, and the potential role of the concomitant COVID‐19 infection in the complexity of this case.
Another step in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A challenging transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure in patient with severe peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Lodo Vittoria , Scrocca Innocenzo , Zingarelli Edoardo M. , Pietropaolo Claudio , Fadde Marco , Ferri Michelangelo , Gaggiano Andrea , Buono Gabriella , Musumeci Giuseppe , Centofanti Paolo
Published: February 2022

Approximately 25% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation presents significant peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this case report was to present a feasible approach for transcatheter heart valve in a patient with peripheral arterial disease where the presence of a subclavian stent jutting in the aortic arch made the delivery system passage a challenging procedure.
Histocytopathological diagnosis of Rosai–Dorfman disease: Case report
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Francis Zerd , Ngaiza Advera Isaac , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Bukanu Faustine
Published: February 2022

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai–Dorfman disease) being a rare benign proliferative self‐limiting disease of the cells of macrophage‐histiocyte family is of unknown etiology and presents with massive lymphadenopathy. We are hereby reporting a case of RDD presenting with massive bilateral cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy, diagnosed by histocytopathology.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1 B mimicking Fahr’s disease in a 28‐year‐old female: A case report
Authors: Acharya Suman , Yadav Sushil Kumar , Nepal Gaurav , Bhandari Siddhartha , Lal Bhattarai Shiva , Pathak Santosh , Kandel Bipin , Gautam Jeevan , Bhandari Roshan
Published: February 2022

In virtue of precise clinical history, physical examinations, and biochemical/radiological investigations, pseudohypoparathyroidism can be effectively diagnosed, and its types can be differentiated even without exorbitant tests.
Metastatic insulinoma presenting after bariatric surgery in a patient diagnosed with MEN1
Authors: Poku Caroline , Amjed Hafsa , Kazi Fatima , Samarasinghe Shanika
Published: February 2022

Insulinomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic disease is extremely rare. We report a patient with metastatic insulinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting with hypoglycemia following sleeve gastrectomy. Potential causes of hypoglycemia include dumping syndrome, noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome, and rarely insulinoma. MEN1‐associated insulinomas have a higher recurrence rate.
Matryoshka procedure for Valve‐in‐Valve TAVI failure
Authors: Lodo Vittoria , De Benedictis Mauro , Scrocca Innocenzo , Zingarelli Edoardo M. , Fadde Marco , Buono Gabriella , Musumeci Giuseppe , Centofanti Paolo
Published: February 2022

Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter valve implantation (ViV‐TAVI) procedures for deteriorated bioprosthesis are an established therapeutic option for high‐risk patients. The presence of the fixed sewing ring of the bioprosthesis can hamper appropriate expansion of the TAVI. We present a case of a ViViV‐TAVI, as a salvage procedure for acute ViV‐TAVI failure.
Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphism With Proton Pump Inhibitors Effectiveness and With Fractures in Real‐Life: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gronich Naomi , lavi Idit , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Pinchev Mila , Rennert Gad
Published: February 2022

Symptom refractoriness of patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might be explained by polymorphism in CYP2C19. This is a retrospective cohort study in which we used the computerized database of Clalit Health Services to compose a cohort from cancer case‐control studies’ participants that had been genotyped, and that have been dispensed PPI (January 1, 2002 to November 10, 2020). We retrieved demographic and clinical variables on date of PPI initiation (cohort entry), and studies’ questionnaires‐reported consumption of foods/beverages known to increase peptic‐related symptoms. Primary outcome was an abdominal pain diagnosis; secondary outcome was a composite of abdominal pain, visit to a gastroenterology clinic, change to another PPI, PPI dose increase, or metoclopramide prescription, reflecting symptoms persistence/recurrence; in a 2‐year follow‐up. We also evaluated the association between genetic groups and hip/wrist/spine fractures, in a long‐term follow‐up. Of 3,326 PPI initiators, there were 66 (2.0%), 739 (22.2%), 1394 (41.9%), 947 (28.5%), and 180 (5.4%) CYP2C19 poor, intermediate, normal, rapid, and ultra‐rapid metabolizers, respectively. Being a poor metabolizer was associated with lower risk for the primary outcome, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.91), HR = 0.52 (95% CI 0.28–0.94); and for the secondary outcome, HR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.38–0.86), HR = 0.58 (95% CI 0.39–0.87), in univariate and multivariable cox regression analyses, respectively. In long‐term follow‐up with 20,142 person‐years of follow‐up: 7.6% (5 cases) within the poor metabolizers group, and 11.6%, 12.9%, 12.8%, and 11.1% in the normal, intermediate, rapid, and ultra‐rapid metabolizers groups, respectively, had a new fracture (nonsignificant). We conclude that CYP2C19 poor metabolizer status is associated with higher effectiveness of PPIs, and is not associated with higher risk for fractures.
Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and mortality rates in the United States, 1992–2018
Authors: Alvarez Christian S. , Petrick Jessica L. , Parisi Dominick , McMahon Brian J. , Graubard Barry I. , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

HCC is characterized by racial/ethnic disparities in rates. Recent USA reports suggest that incidence has begun to decline, but it is not clear whether the declines have occurred among all groups, nor whether mortality has declined. Thus, the current study examined USA incidence and mortality between 1992 and 2018.

Approach & Results

HCC incidence and incidence‐based mortality data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program were used to calculate age‐standardized rates by race/ethnicity, sex, and age. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC). Age‐period‐cohort models assessed the effects on trends of age, calendar period, and birth cohort. Overall, HCC incidence significantly declined between 2015 and 2018 (APC, −5.6%). Whereas most groups experienced incidence declines, the trends were most evident among Asians/Pacific Islanders, women, and persons <50 years old. Exceptions were the rates among non‐Hispanic Black persons, which did not significantly decline (APC, −0.7), and among American Indians/Alaska Natives, which significantly increased (APC, +4.3%). Age‐period‐cohort modeling found that birth cohort had a greater effect on rates than calendar period. Among the baby boom cohorts, the 1950–1954 cohort had the highest rates. Similar to the overall incidence decline, HCC mortality rates declined between 2013 and 2018 (APC, −2.2%).

Conclusions

HCC incidence and mortality rates began to decline for most groups in 2015, but persistent differences in rates continued to exist. Rates among non‐Hispanic Black persons did not decline significantly, and rates among American Indians/Alaska Natives significantly increased, suggesting that greater effort is needed to reduce the HCC burden among these vulnerable groups.
Core implementation strategies for improving cirrhosis care in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Yakovchenko Vera , Morgan Timothy R. , Miech Edward J. , Neely Brittney , Lamorte Carolyn , Gibson Sandra , Beste Lauren A. , McCurdy Heather , Scott Dawn , Gonzalez Rachel I. , Park Angela M. , Powell Byron J. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Dominitz Jason A. , Chartier Maggie , Ross David B. , Chinman Matthew J. , Rogal Shari S.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides care for more than 80,000 veterans with cirrhosis. This longitudinal, multimethod evaluation of a cirrhosis care quality improvement program aimed to (1) identify implementation strategies associated with evidence‐based, guideline‐concordant cirrhosis care over time, and (2) use qualitative interviews to operationalize strategies for a manualized intervention.

Approach and Results

VHA providers were surveyed annually about the use of 73 implementation strategies to improve cirrhosis care in fiscal years 2018 (FY18) and 2019 (FY19). Implementation strategies linked to guideline‐concordant cirrhosis care were identified using bivariate statistics and comparative configurational methods. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 facilities in the highest quartile of cirrhosis care to specify the successful implementation strategies and their mechanisms of change. A total of 106 VHA facilities (82%) responded at least once over the 2‐year period (FY18, n = 63; FY19, n = 100). Facilities reported using a median of 12 (interquartile range [IQR] 20) implementation strategies in FY18 and 10 (IQR 19) in FY19. Of the 73 strategies, 35 (48%) were positively correlated with provision of evidence‐based cirrhosis care. Configurational analysis identified multiple strategy pathways directly linked to more guideline‐concordant cirrhosis care. Across both methods, a subset of eight strategies was determined to be core to cirrhosis care improvement and specified using qualitative interviews.

Conclusions

In a national cirrhosis care improvement initiative, a multimethod approach identified a core subset of successful implementation strategy combinations. This process of empirically identifying and specifying implementation strategies may be applicable to other implementation challenges in hepatology.
Adaptation and validation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument for Portuguese university students
Authors: Martins Silvana , Augusto Cláudia , Martins Maria R. O. , José Silva Maria , Okan Orkan , Dadaczynski Kevin , Duarte Ana , Fronteira Inês , Ramos Neida , Rosário Rafaela
Published: February 2022

Background

Health literacy is an important skill to deal with information and positively influences individual and community health. Information concerning health is available from a plethora of online resources. The concept of digital health literacy has gained prominence with the pandemic. The absence of valid tools to analyse digital literacy levels are scant. This study aims to translate, adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) as used in the global COVID‐HL Network.

Methods

Participants were mostly students from social sciences, psychology, education and health sciences. The Portuguese version of the DHLI contained five dimensions each consisting of three items. An online survey with university students (n = 1815, 75.1% female, average age: 24.15 years) was administered to test the validity of the Portuguese version of the DHLI. Data were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson correlations were also studied.

Results

Two items revealed symmetry and kurtosis problems. We chose to eliminate them from the analysis. Different exploratory factor analysis attempts were made, obtaining two possible models to be tested in the confirmatory factor analysis: a three‐factor model and a four‐factor model. A four‐factor structure of the instrument (information searching, adding self‐generated content, evaluating reliability, determining relevance) was supported by confirmatory factor analysis and had good internal consistency.

Conclusions

The Portuguese version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument met adequate psychometric criteria. Therefore, it can be confidently used in Portuguese students' assessment of digital health literacy. Representative studies are needed to shed light on different target groups and their COVID‐19–related DHLI.
Therapeutic strategy analysis of patients with advanced stage high‐grade neuroendocrine cervical cancer: A real‐world multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Huang Yi , Luo Suiyu , Li Lin , Yang Hongying , Wang Ziyi , Peng Yongmei , Huang Manni , An Jusheng , Yang Xi , Wang Jing , Li Chunmei , Wu Lingying
Published: February 2022

Objective

To explore the management of high‐grade neuroendocrine cervical cancer (HGNECC) since there has been no standard treatment for it.

Methods

Data on the management of HGNECC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with FIGO stage IIB to IVB HGNECC from six hospitals were enrolled. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis. Prognostic factors were determined using a Cox proportional‐hazards regression model.

Results

A total of 43 patients were included in the study. The multivariate analysis showed that chemotherapy was the preferred treatment as it improved progression‐free survival (PFS; P = 0.008) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.005). Distance metastasis was a significant negative prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.002), while radical surgery was a significant positive prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.05). Compared with those who had received cisplatin and etoposide (≥5 cycles), patients who had received paclitaxel plus platinum‐based chemotherapy showed better PFS and OS. Five patients (two at stage IIB and three at stage IV) showed relatively long‐term survival. Of these patients, four had undergone radical surgery including tumor‐debulking, while three also received adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Paclitaxel plus cisplatin or paclitaxel plus carboplatin may be more effective than etoposide plus cisplatin. Radical surgery followed by chemotherapy may be a favorable alternative intervention for selected patients with advanced stage cancer.
Direct inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2 by low level blue photobiomodulation LED at 470, 454 and 450 nm
Authors: Zupin Luisa , Gratton Rossella , Milani Margherita , Clemente Libera , Fontana Francesco , Ruscio Maurizio , Crovella Sergio
Published: February 2022

Blue light has been already reported as able to counteract different types of microorganisms including Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, fungi and viruses, especially the enveloped ones. It has been reported that both blue and visible light can efficiently impact SARS‐CoV‐2 by affecting its ability to replicate in in vitro cellular models of infection. In this study, blue light at 450, 454 and 470 nm was tested on SARS‐CoV‐2 to evaluate the residual viral infectious potential on Vero E6, Caco‐2 and Calu‐3 cells, after the irradiation of viral particles. Following 12' of irradiation at 40 mW/cm2, a drastic block of viral amplification was observed. Indeed, at 7 days post‐irradiation/infection the viral load was the same as the one measured 1 day post‐irradiation/infection, and cellular viability was maintained showing similar levels to the noninfected control cells. Taken together our results indicate that blue LED lamps can be considered as a cheap and convenient tool for SARS‐CoV‐2 disinfection.
Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Chondrocytes: Methods and Applications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery
Authors: De Kinderen Pauline , Meester Josephina , Loeys Bart , Peeters Silke , Gouze Elvire , Woods Steven , Mortier Geert , Verstraeten Aline
Published: February 2022

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows pathomechanistic and therapeutic investigation of human heritable disorders affecting tissue types whose collection from patients is difficult or even impossible. Among them are cartilage diseases. Over the past decade, iPSC-chondrocyte disease models have been shown to exhibit several key aspects of known disease mechanisms. Concurrently, an increasing number of protocols to differentiate iPSCs into chondrocytes have been published, each with its respective (dis)advantages. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the different differentiation approaches, the hitherto described iPSC-chondrocyte disease models and mechanistic and/or therapeutic insights that have been derived from their investigation, and the current model limitations. Key lessons are that the most appropriate differentiation approach is dependent upon the cartilage disease under investigation and that further optimization is still required to recapitulate the in vivo cartilage. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
One‐step synthesis of novel N1‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives: Experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Al Garadi Wedad , Sert Yusuf , El Hafi Mohamed , El Ibrahimi Brahim , Ramli Youssef , Mague Joel T. , El Ghayati Lhoussaine , Sebbar Nada Kheira , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: February 2022

In this work, we describe a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of novel N1‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives (8–14) by a rearrangement reaction of N1‐alkyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones (1–7) in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in boiling ethanol. Good to excellent yields were achieved for a wide range of alkyl partners with both short‐chain and long‐chain substituents. The title products were identified using 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic measurements and confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques for 8–10. In addition, we performed theoretical studies of 8–10 using Hirshfeld surface analysis, molecular docking studies and, along with experimental data. The predicted spectral data were obtained using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Also, according to Monte Carlo simulations, the inhibition trend is 10 > 8 > 9 toward all metals in an acidic environment. Good inhibition performance is predicted for iron as compared to copper and aluminum metals.
Time‐resolved MRI for off‐line treatment robustness evaluation in carbon‐ion radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Meschini Giorgia , Vai Alessandro , Barcellini Amelia , Fontana Giulia , Molinelli Silvia , Mastella Edoardo , Pella Andrea , Vitolo Viviana , Imparato Sara , Orlandi Ester , Ciocca Mario , Baroni Guido , Paganelli Chiara
Published: February 2022

Purpose

In this study, we investigate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the clinical evaluation of gating treatment robustness in carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) of pancreatic cancer. Indeed, MRI allows radiation‐free repeated scans and fast dynamic sequences for time‐resolved (TR) imaging (cine‐MRI), providing information on inter‐ and intra‐fraction cycle‐to‐cycle variations of respiratory motion. MRI can therefore support treatment planning and verification, overcoming the limitations of the current clinical standard, that is, four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which describes an “average” breathing cycle neglecting breathing motion variability.

Methods

We integrated a technique to generate a virtual CT (vCT) from 3D MRI with a method for 3D reconstruction from 2D cine‐MRI, to produce TR vCTs for dose recalculations. For eight patients, the method allowed evaluating inter‐fraction variations at end‐exhale and intra‐fraction cycle‐to‐cycle variability within the gating window in terms of tumor displacement and dose to the target and organs at risk.

Results

The median inter‐fraction tumor motion was in the range 3.33–12.16 mm, but the target coverage was robust (‐0.4% median D95% variation). Concerning cycle‐to‐cycle variations, the gating technique was effective in limiting tumor displacement (1.35 mm median gating motion) and corresponding dose variations (‐3.9% median D95% variation). The larger exposure of organs at risk (duodenum and stomach) was caused by inter‐fraction motion, whereas intra‐fraction cycle‐to‐cycle dose variations were limited.

Conclusions

This study proposed a method for the generation of TR vCTs from MRI, which enabled an off‐line evaluation of gating treatment robustness and suggested its feasibility to support treatment planning of pancreatic tumors in CIRT.
Fatigue and activity management education for individuals with systemic sclerosis: Adaptation and feasibility study of an intervention for a rare disease
Authors: Carandang Kristine , Poole Janet , Connolly Deirdre
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Fatigue is an overlooked symptom for musculoskeletal diseases, including rare conditions like systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study were the following: (1) to adapt the content and delivery method of an existing fatigue intervention, and (2) to determine the feasibility of Fatigue and Activity Management Education in Systemic Sclerosis (FAME‐iSS).

Methods

In Phase 1 adaptations were recorded using the Framework for Modification and Adaptations. In Phase 2, participants completed the 6‐week FAME‐iSS intervention and baseline, post‐intervention, and 3‐month follow‐up assessments measuring fatigue levels, fatigue impact, mental health, self‐efficacy, and use of energy conservation strategies. Qualitative data included a post‐intervention focus group and 3‐month follow‐up interviews.

Results

Three main changes were made to the original intervention: (1) the content was adapted from management of Lupus‐related fatigue to management of SSc‐related fatigue, (2) context for delivery from Ireland to United States, and (3) in‐person to online format. Participants (n = 4) were 51.8 ± 12.1 years old, had been diagnosed with SSc for 12.0 ± 8.0 years, were receiving disability support, and had college degrees. All participants had 100% attendance and completed all study activities. Participants had positive comments about the programme format, content, and implementation. Post‐intervention, improvements were observed in most measures. Moderate effect sizes were noted in fatigue and self‐efficacy scores.

Conclusion

Participants' positive responses supported the need for FAME‐iSS for people with SSc. Even with the small sample, FAME‐iSS led to improvements in fatigue and use of energy conservation strategies. The online format allowed for participation and sharing of ideas, especially during the global pandemic.
Beyond lipids: Novel mechanisms for parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease
Authors: Wichman Brittany E. , Nilson Jamie , Govindan Srinivas , Chen Alan , Jain Aditya , Arun Varsha , Derdoy Juana , Krebs Joseph , Jain Ajay K.
Published: February 2022

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a therapy that delivers essential nutrients intravenously to patients who are unable to meet their nutrition requirements via standard enteral feeding. This methodology is often referred to as PN when accompanied by minimal or no enteral nutrition (EN). Although PN is lifesaving, significant complications can arise, such as intestinal failure–associated liver disease and gut‐mucosal atrophy. The exact mechanism of injury remains ill defined. This review was designed to explore the available literature related to the drivers of injury mechanisms. The Farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 19 signaling pathway seems to play an important role in gut‐systemic signaling, and its alteration during PN provides insights into mechanistic links. Central line infections also play a key role in mediating PN‐associated injury. Although lipid reduction strategies, as well as the use of multicomponent lipid emulsions and vitamin E, have shown promise, the cornerstone of preventing injury is the early establishment of EN.
Ability of malnutrition screening and assessment tools to identify computed tomography defined low muscle mass in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Djordjevic Aleksandra , Deftereos Irene , Carter Vanessa M. , Morris Stephanie , Shannon Roland , Kiss Nicole , Yeung Justin M. C.
Published: February 2022

Background

Malnutrition and low muscle mass are independently associated with poor outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, tools to identify low muscle mass are limited in the clinical setting. We investigated the ability of existing malnutrition screening and assessment tools to identify low muscle mass assessed by computed tomography (CT). Secondary aims were to determine the feasibility of CT analysis and handgrip strength (HGS).

Methods and Analysis

An exploratory study of patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC between February and September 2019. Nutrition tools used included body mass index (BMI), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA). Muscle mass was determined by preoperative CT image at the third lumbar vertebral level (L3), and muscle strength was determined by HGS dynamometry. Fisher's exact and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to compare results of nutrition tools with CT muscle assessment.

Results

In total, 57 patients were included. MST classified 18 patients (32%) as at risk of malnutrition, and PG‐SGA classified 10 patients (17%) as malnourished. Fifty‐one (90%) CT scans were analysable and 21 (47%) had low muscle mass. Of those with low muscle mass, PG‐SGA classified 22 patients (92%) as well nourished and MST classified 17 patients (71%) as not being at nutrition risk. No tool was able to identify CT‐diagnosed low muscle mass. Inability to complete HGS was associated with malnutrition (P = .001).

Conclusion

In this cohort, nutrition screening and assessment tools did not identify CT‐diagnosed low muscle mass. Feasible tools to identify low muscle mass in the clinical setting are required.
Polyarthralgia with oral risperidone
Authors: Mashimo Takayuki , Paul Sarita
Published: February 2022

Risperidone is a commonly used antipsychotic. Due to its widespread use, health professionals are well aware of its common side‐effects. However, there are some side‐effects (though rare in practice) that are disabling, distressing and cause severe suffering to patients, and these can have the potential of being missed. Here the authors report one such side‐effect of risperidone, namely polyarthralgia.
Seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Asgari Shamim , Gashirai Mbizvo , Smith Jennifer , Alusi Sundus
Published: February 2022

Seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis is a rare clinical syndrome defined by a rapid onset of cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric features and an absence of associated autoantibodies that often lead to diagnostic uncertainty, delayed treatment and ultimately, poor prognosis. Here a case is presented that highlights the benefits of implementing a multidisciplinary approach to treating the psychiatric manifestations, including a cautious use of therapeutic home leave for patients where the clinical course is prolonged.
Patients in older adult psychiatric hospital during first COVID‐19 wave
Authors: Hardman Stephen , Muthukrishnan Sabarigirivasan , Jacobs Benjamin , Trussell Augusta , Chesterton Alex
Published: February 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges to health care services across the world. When the pandemic first emerged in early 2020, health care services were forced to adapt to the new climate created by the pandemic. Here, the authors describe a case series of patients admitted to an older adult psychiatric unit when the pandemic struck, with themed discussions pertinent to the cases and an exploration of how staff adapted to this new and unfamiliar environment.
Changes in antibody titers and clinical course in myasthenia gravis retrospective study
Authors: Berger Benjamin , Schröter Nils
Published: February 2022

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, long‐term autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness; the condition typically has phases when it remits and phases when it relapses. Even though treatment response with regards to immunosuppressive therapies in MG patients is classically monitored by clinical scores, identification of a serological biomarker that monitors treatment response could be helpful. Here, the authors explore the correlation between acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titers with changes in clinical severity in patients with MG and discuss the implications for clinical practice.
Suicide in patients under care of first‐episode psychosis service
Authors: Javed Asma , Das Debasis
Published: February 2022

Recognition of suicide risk factors in patients presenting with psychotic illness is of the utmost importance. In their study, the authors identified two important issues in the cohort of patients who died of unnatural causes/suicide, highlighting a need for clinicians to be aware of these risk factors and make efforts to establish a therapeutic relationship, providing appropriate support to patients to help them to develop an awareness of their suicide risk and to empower them to resist their suicidal thoughts.
Shared decision‐making in routine breast cancer care in Germany—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Feiten Stefan , Scholl Isabelle , Dünnebacke Jan , Schmidt Marcus , Franzen Arno , Ernst Walter , Spaderna Heike , Weide Rudolf
Published: February 2022

Objective

Many preference‐sensitive decisions have to be made in breast cancer care and little is known about the decision‐making processes between breast cancer patients and the different health care professionals engaged in their treatment.

Methods

All female breast cancer patients who underwent surgery in four German breast centers between 07/2016 and 12/2018 were invited to fill in a survey. The decision‐making process was evaluated using the 9‐item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM‐Q‐9) and a German measure to assess satisfaction with care (ZAPA). The higher the total score (0–100), the higher the experienced degree of participation and satisfaction, respectively. Participants were asked to separately rate consultations with their inpatient hospital doctors, outpatient gynecologists, outpatient oncologists and primary care providers. An overall mean score for the degree of participation and the satisfaction with care was calculated for each patient across all consultations assessed. Differences between the 4 treating physician groups were analyzed as well.

Results

Of 1068 approached patients, 563 with a mean age of 62 and a standard deviation (SD) of 12.2 years filled in the survey (response rate: 53%). The overall SDM‐Q‐9 score was 73.8 (SD: 20.8). Older patients stated a higher level of participation than younger, different physician groups were rated quite similarly. Overall satisfaction with care was 87.4 (SD: 15.5).

Conclusions

Overall, patients reported to have experienced a high level of shared decision‐making (SDM) and were quite satisfied with their treatment. However, we do not know whether non‐responders might have had different experiences.
Alternative prey mediate intraguild predation in the open field
Authors: Snyder Gretchen B , Smith Olivia M , Chapman Eric G , Crossley Michael S , Crowder David W , Fu Zhen , Harwood James D , Jensen Andrew S , Krey Karol L , Lynch Christine A , Snyder William E
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Generalist predators that kill and eat other natural enemies can weaken biological control. However, pest suppression can be disrupted even if actual intraguild predation is infrequent, if predators reduce their foraging to lower their risk of being killed. In turn, predator–predator interference might be frequent when few other prey are available, but less common when herbivorous and detritus‐feeding prey are plentiful. We used molecular gut‐content analysis to track consumption of the predatory bug Geocoris sp. by the larger intraguild predator Nabis sp., in organic and conventional potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields.

RESULTS

We found that higher densities of both aphids and thrips, two common herbivores, correlated with higher probability of detecting intraguild predation. Perhaps, Nabis foraging for these herbivores also encountered and ate more Geocoris. Surprisingly, likelihood of intraguild predation was not strongly linked to densities of either Nabis or Geocoris, or farming system, suggesting a greater importance for prey than predator community structure. Intriguingly, we found evidence that Geocoris fed more often on the detritus‐feeding fly Scaptomyza pallida with increasing predator evenness. This would be consistent with Geocoris shifting to greater foraging on the ground, where S. pallida would be relatively abundant, in the face of greater risk of intraguild predation.

CONCLUSION

Overall, our findings suggest that while herbivorous prey may heighten intraguild predation of Geocoris in the foliage, detritivores might support a shift to safer foraging on the ground. This provides further evidence that prey abundance and diversity can act to either heighten or relax predator–predator interference, depending on prey species identity and predator behavior. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Aedes mosquitoes in the emerging threat of urban yellow fever transmission
Authors: Gabiane Gaelle , Yen Pei‐Shi , Failloux Anna‐Bella
Published: February 2022

This last decade has seen a resurgence of yellow fever (YF) in historical endemic regions and repeated attempts of YF introduction in YF‐free countries such as the Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean. Infected travellers are the main entry routes in these regions where competent mosquito vectors proliferate in appropriate environmental conditions. With the discovery of the 17D vaccine, it was thought that YF would be eradicated. Unfortunately, it was not the case and, contrary to dengue, chikungunya and Zika, factors that cotribute to YF transmission remain under investigation. Today, all the signals are red and it is very likely that YF will be the next pandemic in the YF‐free regions where millions of people are immunologically naïve. Unlike COVID‐19, YF is associated with a high case‐fatality rate and a high number of deaths are expected. This review gives an overview of global YF situation, including the non‐endemic Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean where Aedes aegypti is abundantly distributed, and also proposes different hypotheses on why YF outbreaks have not yet occurred despite high records of travellers importing YF into these regions and what role Aedes mosquitoes play in the emergence of urban YF.
Toward a gliding hybrid aerial underwater vehicle: Design, fabrication, and experiments
Authors: Lyu Chenxin , Lu Di , Xiong Chengke , Hu Rui , Jin Yufei , Wang Jianhu , Zeng Zheng , Lian Lian
Published: February 2022

The hybrid aerial underwater vehicle (HAUV) merges the best of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned underwater vehicle into one platform makes it possible to operate in both the air and water. Various possible applications of HAUV have aroused much research on it. However, the underwater endurance and operation depth of current HAUVs are still limited. This hinders the application and popularization of HAUV in rugged environments. This paper presented the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel concept HAUV, Nezha III. It is featured by its piston‐driven underwater glide strategy and combination of an underwater glider and fixed‐wing vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. In‐depth design and evaluation of the amphibious wings with tradeoffs between aerodynamic and hydrodynamic performance in both fluids was conducted. The vehicle prototype was built, and field experiments, including domain transitions and underwater operations, were conducted in Qiandao Lake, China. Due to the experiment site constraints, the computational fluid dynamics technique evaluated horizontal flight performance with fixed wings. The experimental results show that the prototype can realize rotor flight and stable domain transitions. Moreover, this piston‐driven underwater glide strategy extended the HAUV's underwater endurance over 24 h and operational depth to 25.5 m. To the best of our knowledge, Nezha III possesses the most extended underwater endurance among existing HAUVs.
Nonparametric regression with right‐censored covariate via conditional density function
Authors: Jiang Hui , Huang Lei , Xia Yingcun
Published: February 2022

Censoring often occurs in data collection. This article, considers nonparametric regression when the covariate is censored under general settings. In contrast to censoring in the response variable in survival analysis, regression with censored covariates is more challenging but less studied in the literature, especially for dependent censoring. We propose to estimate the regression function using conditional hazard rates. The asymptotic normality of our proposed estimator is established. Both theoretical results and simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method is more efficient than the estimation based on complete observations and other methods, especially when the censoring rate is high. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method using a data set from the Framingham heart study and a data set from a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial of the drug D‐penicillamine.
Efficient recovery of superhydrophobic wax surfaces on solid wood
Authors: Arminger Benjamin , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang , Hansmann Christian
Published: February 2022

Superhydrophobic surface coatings have enormous potential to protect wood from excessive water uptake. Unfortunately, such coatings often require toxic chemicals or complex fabrication methods, and their mechanical stability is very limited. As an alternative, highly water-repellent wood surfaces with mean water contact angles (WCAs) of 160° were prepared by straightforward spray-deposition of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) wax microparticles. While water repellency was unaffected by static loading with a cast iron weight, prolonged rubbing resulted in a strong reduction in WCA to 125° since the spherical wax microstructure was largely destroyed by the acting shear forces. Thermal treatment of such a degraded surface at 80 °C led to an almost full recovery (WCA 155°) of water repellency. Microscopy and thermal analysis revealed that exposure to temperatures above the melting range and subsequent slow cooling enable self-assembly of AKD into leaf-shaped microstructures, which are responsible for the high WCA observed. It is proposed that the thermally induced self-recovery ability will greatly enhance the utility and service life of AKD-based superhydrophobic wood surfaces and make them suitable for multiple practical applications.