bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural alterations in tumor‐draining lymph nodes before papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Hinson Andrew M. , Massoll Nicole A. , Jolly Lee Ann , Stack Brendan C. , Bodenner Donald L. , Franco Aime T.
Published: May 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to define and characterize the thyroid tumor‐draining lymph nodes in genetically engineered mice harboring thyroid‐specific expression of oncogenic BrafV600E with and without Pten insufficiency.

Methods

After intratumoral injection of methylene blue, the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland was visualized in real time. The thyroid gland/tumor was resected en bloc with the respiratory system for histological analysis.

Results

Although mice harboring BrafV600E mutations were smaller in body size compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermates, the size of their thyroid glands and deep cervical lymph nodes were significantly larger. Additionally, the tumor‐draining lymph nodes showed increased and enlarged lymphatic sinuses that were distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. Tumor‐reactive lymphadenopathy and histiocytosis, but no frank metastases, were observed in all mice harboring BrafV600E mutations.

Conclusions

The tumor‐draining lymph nodes undergo significant structural alterations in immunocompetent mice, and this may represent a primer for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis.
Radiotherapy for juvenile ossifying fibroma of the maxillary sinus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Strickler Scott , Hitchcock Kathryn E. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Mendenhall William M.
Published: May 2017

Background

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a benign fibro‐osseous lesion that can be locally aggressive. It is typically treated with surgical excision. A few cases using adjuvant radiotherapy have been reported in the literature.

Methods

We report a case of JOF treated with surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy to minimize the risk of local recurrence. We also review the literature.

Results

Our patient tolerated radiotherapy without complication and had not experienced a local recurrence at the time of writing this manuscript.

Conclusions

This is one of the first reports of adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical excision to improve local control in patients with JOF. Radiotherapy should be considered in patients for whom reexcision after a recurrence would result in unacceptable morbidity.
Structural FECM: Cointegration in large‐scale structural FAVAR models
Authors: Banerjee Anindya , Marcellino Massimiliano , Masten Igor
Published: May 2017

Starting from the dynamic factor model for nonstationary data we derive the factor‐augmented error correction model (FECM) and its moving‐average representation. The latter is used for the identification of structural shocks and their propagation mechanisms. We show how to implement classical identification schemes based on long‐run restrictions in the case of large panels. The importance of the error correction mechanism for impulse response analysis is analyzed by means of both empirical examples and simulation experiments. Our results show that the bias in estimated impulse responses in a factor‐augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) model is positively related to the strength of the error correction mechanism and the cross‐section dimension of the panel. We observe empirically in a large panel of US data that these features have a substantial effect on the responses of several variables to the identified permanent real (productivity) and monetary policy shocks.
Review of mechanisms of deoxynivalenol‐induced anorexia: The role of gut microbiota
Authors: Peng Zhao , Chen Liangkai , Xiao Jie , Zhou Xiaoqi , Nüssler Andreas K. , Liu Liegang , Liu Jinping , Yang Wei
Published: May 2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important mycotoxins in cereal‐based foods or other food productions, produced by Fusarium species. Because of the high occurrence of DON in food combined with vast consumption of cereals and grain worldwide, the DON‐contaminated food is a very harmful factor for human and animal health. DON has been reported to induce anorexia at lower or chronic doses in animal models. However, further researches for DON‐induced anorexia are limited. Previous publications demonstrated a close link between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, two kinds of gut microbiota, with weight loss and the effect of low administration of DON on neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and pons/medulla. These data are similar to other studies, which show selective 5HTα receptor agonists apparently causing hyperphagia whereas 5HT1β agonists appear to induce anorexia. Thus, the neurochemical effects of lower DON exposure can be as a result of peripheral toxicological events such as emesis, which overwhelmed its more subtle feed refusal activity. Besides, changes in the microbiota have an impact on stress‐related behaviors like anxiety and depression, which can lead to weight loss through decreased feed intake. Gut dysbiosis is also associated with brain dysfunction and with behavioral changes. These conclusions illustrate as well a potential explanation for DON‐induced anorexia.In this review, we summarize information about DON‐induced anorexia from previous studies and provide our opinion for future investigations that could establish a link between gut microbiota, neurotransmitters, anorexia and weight loss under the DON exposure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic coating of cross‐linked gelatin to improve mechanical and biological properties of electrospun PET: A promising approach for small caliber vascular graft applications
Authors: Pezzoli Daniele , Cauli Elisa , Chevallier Pascale , Farè Silvia , Mantovani Diego
Published: May 2017

Electrospun PET (ePET) is a promising material for small caliber vascular graft applications owing to its tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and nanofibrous structure that mimic the morphology of natural extracellular matrix. However, the inherent inertness of PET impairs the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells on the inner surface of ePET tubular grafts, hindering the formation of a functional endothelium. Gelatin coatings, owing to their ability to promote endothelialization, are a valuable approach to overcome the limitations of ePET. Herein, a novel process for the deposition of stable biomimetic coatings of gelatin on ePET tubular grafts is proposed. Electrospun PET was first aminated by plasma treatment and then coated with a gelatin hydrogel cross‐linked in situ by a Michael‐type addition reaction. Amination provided a superhydrophilic behavior to the ePET surface, allowing easy gelatin interpenetration along the wall thickness of the tubular structure, and the obtainment of thin coatings that maintained the morphology of ePET fibers. Gelatin coating was stable at long term in a physiological‐like environment, noncytotoxic and promoted in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation. Noteworthy, the mechanical properties of gelatin‐coated ePET tubular grafts were improved in terms of elastic modulus, compliance, and elastic recoil, finally better matching the characteristics of native blood vessels. Altogether, the proposed coating technique successfully combines the advantages of ePET nanofibrous structure with cross‐linked gelatin biological cues and mechanical reinforcement, and emerges as a promising strategy for the development of biocompatible small caliber vascular grafts with superior biomimetic and mechanical properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2405–2415, 2017.
Tuning reversible cell adhesion to methacrylate‐based thermoresponsive polymers: Effects of composition on substrate hydrophobicity and cellular responses
Authors: Anderson Christopher R. , Gambinossi Filippo , DiLillo Katarina M. , Laschewsky André , Wischerhoff Erik , Ferri James K. , Sefcik Lauren S.
Published: May 2017

Thermoresponsive polymer (TRP) cell culture substrates are widely utilized for nonenzymatic, temperature‐triggered release of adherent cells. Increasingly, multicomponent TRPs are being developed to facilitate refined control of cell adhesion and detachment, which requires an understanding of the relationships between composition‐dependent substrate physicochemical properties and cellular responses. Here, we utilize a homologous series of poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) brushes with variable copolymer ratio (x/y) to explore the effects of substrate hydrophobicity on L‐929 fibroblast adhesion, morphology, and temperature‐triggered cell detachment. Substrate hydrophobicity is reported in terms of the equilibrium spreading coefficient (S), and variations in copolymer ratio reveal differential hydrophobicity that is correlated to serum protein adsorption and initial cell attachment at 37°C. Furthermore, quantitative metrics of cell morphology show that cell spreading is enhanced on more hydrophobic surfaces with increased (x/y) ratio, which is further supported by gene expression analysis of biomarkers of cell spreading (e.g., RhoA, Dusp2). Temperature‐dependent cell detachment is limited for pure poly(MEO2MA); however, rapid cell rounding and detachment (<20 min) are evident for all poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) substrates. These results suggest that increased MEO2MA content in poly(MEO2MAx‐co‐OEGMAy) substrates elicits enhanced protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and cell spreading; however, integration of small amounts of the more hydrophilic OEGMA unit facilitates both cell attachment/spreading and detachment. This study demonstrates an important role for the composition‐dependent control of surface hydrophobicity in the design of multicomponent TRPs for desired biological outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2416–2428, 2017.
Screening for Atypical Femur Fractures Using Extended Femur Scans by DXA
Authors: van de Laarschot Denise M , Smits Alexandra AA , Buitendijk Sanne KC , Stegenga Merel T , Zillikens M Carola
Published: May 2017

Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are a rare but serious complication associated with the use of antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates. Assessment of incomplete AFFs on extended femur scans by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may prevent the development of complete fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of extended femur scans by DXA as a screening tool for incomplete AFFs. From June 2014 until September 2016, extended femur scans were routinely performed in all consecutive patients undergoing DXA scanning who had used bisphosphonates or denosumab at any given moment in the previous year. When “beaking” was found, defined as a localized periosteal or endosteal thickening of the lateral cortex, a radiograph of the femur was performed to confirm incomplete AFF. Beaking was detected in 12 of 282 patients (4.3%) with extended scans of both femora. In 9 patients (3.2%), beaking corresponded with the radiological presence of incomplete AFFs, of whom 4 already had an X-ray made because of a previous complete AFF of the other leg. Five patients (1.8%) were newly diagnosed with 6 yet unknown incomplete AFFs. No additional X-ray was performed in 2 patients because of loss of follow-up. Beaking was explained by known soft tissue calcifications in 1 patient. The positive predictive value of beaking on extended femur scan was 83.3% in our study. Three cases in whom the new diagnosis of incomplete AFF has affected medical and surgical treatment are further discussed to illustrate the relevance of early detection. We conclude that extended femur scans by DXA can detect incomplete AFFs in patients on antiresorptive treatment and should therefore be considered a clinically relevant screening tool because early identification of AFFs has therapeutic consequences. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Environmental temperature affects physiology and survival of nanosecond pulsed electric field‐treated cells
Authors: Yin Shengyong , Miao Xudong , Zhang Xueming , Chen Xinhua , Wen Hao
Published: May 2017

Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel non‐thermal tumor ablation technique. However, how nsPEF affect cell physiology at different environmental temperature is still kept unknown. But this issue is of critical clinical practice relevance. This work aim to investigate how nsPEF treated cancer cells react to different environmental temperatures (0, 4, 25, and 37°C). Their cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. Lower temperature resulted in higher apoptosis rate, decreased mitochondria membrane potential, and increased ROS levels. Sucrose and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) pre‐incubation inhibit ROS generation and increase cell survival, protecting nsPEF‐treated cells from low temperature‐caused cell death. This work provides an experimental basis for hypothermia and fluid transfusion during nsPEF ablation with anesthesia.
A novel low‐temperature NO removal approach with •OH from catalytic decomposition of H2O2 over La1‐xCaxFeO3 oxides
Authors: Wu Bo , Xiong Yuanquan
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

In industrial boilers, the flue gas temperature was below 200°C. The activated temperatures of conventional NO removal approach such as SCR was over 300°C, limiting its application in industrial boilers. In this study, a novel low‐temperature NO removal approach with hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from catalytic decomposition of H2O2 over La1‐xCaxFeO3 oxides (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) was proposed. With respect to four as‐prepared catalysts, the catalytic performance was presented and the mechanism was proposed.

RESULTS

The catalytic activities of LaFeO3 was higher than the other three catalysts, achieving 89.9% of NO removal efficiency under the optimal operating condition. With the Ca stoichiometry increased, the surface hydroxyl group density and the oxygen vacancy concentration increased while the changes of specific surface area was not monotonic. With respect to the as‐prepared catalysts, the oxygen vacancy played a main and negative role in •OH generation and NO removal. The oxygen vacancy accelerated the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 but not generated •OH. The main N‐containing products after oxidation were NO2 and HNO3.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated the high activity of LaFeO3 oxides in NO removal and elucidated the correlation between surface property and catalytic performance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing fibroblast attachment in root surface scaling with Er, Cr:YSGG laser versus ultrasonic scaler: A SEM study
Authors: Fekrazad Reza , Lotfi Ghogha , Harandi Mohammad , Ayremlou Sara , A. M. Kalhori Katayoun , Gholami Gholam Ali , Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh
Published: May 2017

Background and Objectives

The regeneration of periodontal support is the main concern in periodontal therapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fibroblasts attachment on root surfaces after scaling with Er, Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic instruments using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods

72 root plates of ∼6 × 4 × 1 mm3 in dimension were prepared from 27 single‐rooted human mature teeth and were then divided into four groups. One group irradiated with a G6 tip of Er, Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 µm, 0.75 W, pulse duration of 140 µs, repetition rate of 20 Hz) for 5 to 7 s, and the other groups were scaled with ultrasonic alone or laser‐ultrasonic. The control group was subjected to neither laser nor ultrasonic scaling. Subsequently, Viability and proliferation rates were done using MTT assay on days 3 and 5. Finally the cell attachment was observed using SEM.

Results

The data derived from MTT and cell‐attachment analysis indicated that laser‐ultrasonic scaling tended to increase cell‐viability by the lapse of time (within 3–5 days), with significantly better cell‐attachment compared with other groups on days 3 and 5 (p < .05). The comparison of the difference in fibroblast cell attachment rate on both the third and the fifth day with independent T‐Test indicated a significant rise on the fifth day compared to the third day of study (p < .05).

Conclusion

Indeed, both Er, Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic scaling may promote fibroblast attachment on dentinal root surfaces more than laser or ultrasonic scaling alone.
Solvent‐directed Regioselective Benzylation of Adenine: Characterization of N9‐benzyladenine and N3‐benzyladenine
Authors: Buyens Dominique M. S. , Mangondo Paidamwoyo , Cukrowski Ignacy , Pilcher Lynne A.
Published: May 2017

The preferred sites for the benzylation of adenine under basic conditions were proven to be the N9 and N3 positions. Formation of the N9‐benzyladenine product is favored in polar aprotic solvents, such as DMSO, whereas the proportion of N3‐benzyladenine formed increases as the proportion of polar protic solvents, such as water, increases. X‐ray crystal structures were obtained for both N9‐benzyladenine and N3‐benzyladenine. 1H‐13C HMBC NMR spectroscopy revealed diagnostic correlations used to assign the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts confirming that the solution structures in three different solvents were the same as the isolated crystals. 13C NMR assignment for N9‐benzyladenine, N3‐benzyladenine, and N7‐benzyladenine was confirmed by computation using ADF.
The Reaction of Phosphorus Decasulfide with some Hydrazides and their Hydrazones: New Route for Construction of Four‐membered, Five‐membered, and Six‐membered Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Abdel‐Kariem Somaia M. , Ali Tarik E.
Published: May 2017

Reaction of some selected benzoic acid hydrazides 1a–c with phosphorus decasulfide P4S10 in dry pyridine afforded some novel pyridine solvate of 1,3,4,2‐thiadiazaphospholes 2a–c. Similarly, treatment of their corresponding hydrazones 3a–c toward phosphorus decasulfide under the same reaction conditions gave the corresponding thio‐analog 4 and 1,3,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine and benzodiazaphosphinine pyridine solvates 5a,b, respectively. Treatment of (thio)semicarbazides and their corresponding (thio)semicarbazones with phosphorus decasulfide in dry pyridine yielded the novel 1,2,4,3‐triazaphospholidines 6a,b, and 1,3,2‐diazaphosphetidines 8a,b, respectively. Moreover, cyclization of (thio)carbohydrazides and their mono‐(thio)carbohydrazones with phosphorus decasulfide produced 1,2,4,3‐triazaphospholidines 9a,b and 11a,b, respectively. The structures of these products were confirmed from analytical and spectral data.
Immunohistochemical profiling of the ultimobranchial remnants in the rat postnatal thyroid gland
Authors: Vázquez‐Román Victoria , Utrilla José C. , Fernández‐Santos José M. , Martín‐Lacave Inés
Published: May 2017

Ultimobranchial (UB) remnants are a constant presence in the thyroid throughout rat postnatal life; however, the difficulty in identifying the most immature forms from the surrounding thyroid tissue prompted us to search for a specific marker. With that objective, we applied a panel of antibodies reported to be specific for their human counterpart, solid cell nests (SCNs), using double immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results demonstrated that cytokeratin 34βE12 and p63 are highly sensitive markers for the immunohistologic screening of UB‐remnants, independently of their maturity or size. Furthermore, rat UB‐follicles (UBFs) coincided with human SCNs in the immunohistochemical pattern exhibited by both antigens. In contrast, the pattern displayed for calcitonin and thyroglobulin differs considerably but confirm the hypothesis that rat UB‐cells can differentiate into both types of thyroid endocrine cells. This hypothesis agrees with recent findings that thyroid C‐cells share an endodermic origin with follicular cells in rodents. We suggest that the persistence of p63‐positive undifferentiated cells in UB‐remnants may constitute a reservoir of basal/stem cells that persist beyond embryogenesis from which, in certain unknown conditions, differentiated thyroid cells or even unusual tumors may arise.
Principal component analysis for efficient characterization of stochastic electromagnetic fields
Authors: Haider Michael , Russer Johannes A.
Published: May 2017

The propagation of stochastic electromagnetic fields can be accurately modeled using the auto‐ and cross‐correlation spectra of the field components. In this work, we introduce the framework of principal component analysis for reducing the computational cost of handling stochastic electromagnetic fields described by correlation matrices. We consider noisy electromagnetic fields originating from stationary random processes with Gaussian probability distribution. The amount of data obtained by 2‐dimensional near‐field measurements and by determining the auto‐ and cross‐correlation information of electromagnetic interference can become burdensome for further processing even for problems of moderate size. For obtaining the correlation data, 2 measurement probes have to scan a defined grid of measurement points. For each pair of points, the spatial correlations need to be calculated, and hence, the data obtained scales quadratically with the number of sampling points. To reduce the amount of data, we project the given data obtained by measurement or simulation onto directions of maximum variation, the so called principal components, and keep only those principal components which contribute most to the total variance. In this way, the memory demand for storage and further computation of stochastic electromagnetic fields can be reduced significantly.
Astrocyte dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Acosta Crystal , Anderson Hope D. , Anderson Christopher M.
Published: May 2017

Astrocytes are glial cells that are distributed throughout the central nervous system in an arrangement optimal for chemical and physical interaction with neuronal synapses and brain blood supply vessels. Neurotransmission modulates astrocytic excitability by activating an array of cell surface receptors and transporter proteins, resulting in dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+or Na+. Ionic and electrogenic astrocytic changes, in turn, drive vital cell nonautonomous effects supporting brain function, including regulation of synaptic activity, neuronal metabolism, and regional blood supply. Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with aberrant oligomeric amyloid β generation, which leads to extensive proliferation of astrocytes with a reactive phenotype and abnormal regulation of these processes. Astrocytic morphology, Ca2+responses, extracellular K+removal, glutamate transport, amyloid clearance, and energy metabolism are all affected in AD, resulting in a deleterious set of effects that includes glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, reduced carbon delivery to neurons for oxidative phosphorylation, and dysregulated linkages between neuronal energy demand and regional blood supply. This review summarizes how astrocytes are affected in AD and describes how these changes are likely to influence brain function. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of convective systems and their association with African easterly waves
Authors: Semunegus Hilawe , Mekonnen Ademe , Schreck Carl J.
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and different types of deep convection. It is known that AEWs impact the development of deep convection over tropical North Africa and tropical cyclone formation over the eastern Atlantic. However, the process of how AEWs interact with deep convection is not well understood. Composite analysis based on a 24‐year data set of cloud systems (CS) from the International Satellite Cloud Climate Project shows that the relationship changes with various types of convection over this region. This phase change relationship analysis may shed light into the dynamics of AEWs and improve the ability of forecasters to anticipate associated rainfall over the Sahel. Weak and disorganized convective systems (WDCSs; 50 km < radius < 100 km) are most common within the southerly phase of the AEWs over East Africa. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with cloud radii >100 km increase in frequency within and to the west of the AEW‐trough zone. MCSs are common features of summer in northwestern Africa. Our results indicate that the association between AEWs and deep convection is different and changes across North Africa. Weak AEWs over East Africa have a stronger relationship with WDCSs, while mature AEWs over West Africa have more MCS activity. This evolution suggests that the organization of convection from WDCS to MCS may play a critical role in AEW development. This hypothesis contrasts the traditional view that treats convection uniformly.
Multi‐model analysis of regional dry and wet conditions for the Carpathian Region
Authors: Kis Anna , Pongrácz Rita , Bartholy Judit
Published: May 2017

The estimated future changes of precipitation and precipitation‐related climate indices for the Carpathian Region are analysed in this paper. Eleven regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the ENSEMBLES project taking into account the intermediate A1B emission scenario are used, hence, the analysis also includes uncertainty assessments. Validation results showed that in the target area RCM simulations overestimate precipitation throughout the year, except in summer, when underestimation occurs. In order to eliminate these systematic errors before the detailed analysis, percentile‐based bias correction is applied to the raw RCM outputs, for which the high‐quality CARPATCLIM database (1961–2010) serves as a reference. Using the bias‐corrected RCM simulations, precipitation totals and several precipitation‐related indices (describing both wet and dry climatic conditions) are calculated for the 1961–2100 time period on seasonal scale for the entire Carpathian Region, and also for five subregions (Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, and Serbia) within this area. The results from RCM simulations are inconsistent for some indices in some seasons, thus introducing uncertainties to the climatic projections. However, according to our results, drier summers are very likely to occur in the future, mainly in the southern parts of the selected domain. More frequent and more intense extreme precipitation events are estimated for winter and autumn, especially in the northern regions. Our conclusions suggest that the spatial distribution of precipitation is not likely to change remarkably in the future, however, the annual distribution of precipitation is projected to be restructured.
Volatile composition and sensory profile of Cantharellus cibarius Fr. as affected by drying method
Authors: Politowicz Joanna , Lech Krzysztof , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Lucía , Szumny Antoni , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

In this work, the influence of different drying methods on the aroma composition and sensory quality of chanterelle mushrooms (Cantharellus cibarius Fr.) was evaluated. The drying methods tested were convective drying (CD), freeze drying (FD), vacuum microwave drying (VMD) and a combination of convective pre‐drying and vacuum microwave finish drying (CPD‐VMFD).

RESULTS

Analyses of fresh and dried chanterelle samples by HS‐SPME and GC/MS and GC‐FID showed the presence of 39 volatile compounds at different concentrations. The most abundant compounds in fresh chanterelle were 1‐hexanol (33.4 μg per 100 g dry basis (db)), 1‐octen‐3‐ol (80.2 μg per 100 g db) and 2‐octen‐1‐ol (19.3 μg per 100 g db). The results showed that fresh and dried chanterelle contained very low levels of aroma compounds; however, the highest contents of volatile compounds were found in samples after (i) CD at 80 °C (129 μg per 100 g db), (ii) CPD‐VMFD at 70 °C‐480/240 W (136 μg per 100 g db) and (iii) CPD‐VMFD at 80 °C‐480/240 W (136 μg per 100 g db).

CONCLUSION

The best dehydration methods, which resulted in high contents of volatile compounds and appropriate sensory quality, according to descriptive sensory analysis and PCA tools, were CD at 70 and 80 °C. Besides, these methods led to spongy dried mushrooms with high intensities of fresh, mushroom ID, with proper color and without intense shrinkage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a mixed anionic–nonionic surfactant modified eggshell membrane as an advantageous adsorbent for the solid‐phase extraction of Sudan I–IV as model analytes
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Anyi , Bai Yunfei , Wang Shiping
Published: May 2017

The coadsorption of mixed anionic–nonionic surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate with Triton X‐100, on the surface of eggshell membrane was investigated based on adsorption isotherms to improve the solid‐phase extraction performance of eggshell membrane toward organic contaminants. Results showed that even though excess Triton X‐100 might inhibit the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a low dosage of Triton X‐100 can significantly improve sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate modification and enhance the extraction efficiency of eggshell membrane from 73.7 to 100.4% because of the formation of mixed hemimicelles. The highest recovery was achieved at 2:8 (Triton X‐100/sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate mass ratios), and multiple mechanisms involving π–π interactions, hydrophobic effect, and π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions contributed to the strong extraction affinity. When mixed, the Triton X‐100 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate modified eggshell membrane packed cartridge coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was applied for the simultaneous determination of trace Sudan I–IV, and low detection limits (0.16–0.26 ng/L) were achieved with satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.999) in 10–10 000 μg/L. For real samples, Sudan II and III in one chilli sauce sample were found at 4.3 and 1.7 μg/kg. Sudan I–IV recoveries at three spiked levels were 87.4–102.9% with precisions <6.8%. Comparison with commonly used solid‐phase extraction adsorbents and methods further reflected the superiorities of the proposed adsorbent in sensitivity, retention ability, and applicability.
Circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐related biomarkers: Correlates and responses to calcium supplementation in colorectal adenoma patients
Authors: Um Caroline Y. , Fedirko Veronika , Flanders W. Dana , Höflich Christine , Wirthgen Elisa , Bostick Roberd M.
Published: May 2017

Circulating insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) may be directly associated with colorectal cancer risk, and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3) is one of the most abundantly expressed binding proteins in various cancers. Calcium intakes, primarily from food, have been directly associated with circulating IGF‐1, but whether supplemental calcium affects IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 is unknown. We tested the effects of 1.0 and 2.0 g of supplemental elemental calcium daily on circulating IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 concentrations in colorectal adenoma patients in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (n = 193). IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunoassay and quantitative Western ligand blot, respectively. We also assessed cross‐sectional associations of these biomarkers with participants’ baseline characteristics. We found no appreciable effect of calcium relative to placebo on circulating IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3, or the IGF‐1:IGFBP‐3 molar ratio. Mean IGF‐1 concentrations were 11.1% higher in those with greater milk intakes (P = 0.05). Mean IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 concentrations were, respectively, 18.0% (P = 0.003) and 16.5% (P = 0.01) higher in men and were monotonically lower with increasing age (both P = 0.01). IGFBP‐3 was 17.7% higher among those with higher relative to no alcohol consumption (P = 0.04). While these results support previous findings that IGF‐1 concentrations are higher with greater milk intakes, and IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 concentrations differ according to sex and age, they provide no evidence to suggest that supplemental calcium appreciably affects circulating IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3, or the IGF‐1:IGFBP‐3 molar ratio in sporadic colorectal adenoma patients.
High mobility group A1 enhances tumorigenicity of human cholangiocarcinoma and confers resistance to therapy
Authors: Quintavalle Cristina , Burmeister Katharina , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Quagliata Luca , Karamitopoulou Eva , Sepe Romina , Fusco Alfredo , Terracciano Luigi M. , Andersen Jesper B. , Pallante Pierlorenzo , Matter Matthias S.
Published: May 2017

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein has been described to play an important role in numerous types of human carcinoma. By the modulation of several target genes HMGA1 promotes proliferation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been addressed yet. Therefore, we determined HMGA1 mRNA expression in CCA samples in a transcriptome array (n = 104) and a smaller cohort (n = 13) by qRT‐PCR. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (n = 67). In addition, we analyzed changes in cell proliferation, colony formation, response to gemcitabine treatment, and target gene expression after modulation of HMGA1 expression in CCA cell lines. mRNA levels of HMGA1 were found to be upregulated in 15‐62% depending on the cohort analyzed. Immunohistochemistry showed HMGA1 overexpression in 51% of CCA specimens. Integration with clinico‐pathological data revealed that high HMGA1 expression was associated with reduced time to recurrence and a positive lymph node status in extrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of HMGA1 in CCA cell lines promoted cell proliferation, whereas its suppression reduced growth rate. HMGA1 further promoted colony formation in an anchorage independent growth and conferred resistance to gemcitabine treatment. Finally, HMGA1 modulated the expression of two genes involved in CCA carcinogenesis, iNOS and ERBB2. In conclusion, our findings indicate that HMGA1 expression is increased in a substantial number of CCA specimens. HMGA1 further promotes CCA tumorigenicity and confers resistance to chemotherapy.
Vernodalol enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Yang Yang , Deng Gang , Ma Liang , Wei Guoqing , Zheng Gaofeng , Han Xiaoyan , He Donghua , Zhao Yi , He Jinsong , Cai Zhen , Yu Rui
Published: May 2017

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent anti‐tumor agent that triggers apoptosis in cells from multiple types of carcinoma but not in normal cells. However, diverse mechanisms are associated with insensitivity to TRAIL in various cancers. TRAIL efficacy may be enhanced by combining TRAIL with a sensitizer. In this study, vernodalol, a sesquiterpene lactone, sensitized diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Vernodalol increased the expression of death receptor (DR) 5, and silencing of DR5 with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the effect of vernodalol on TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis. Additionally, vernodalol up‐regulated the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor. Inhibition of CHOP with a siRNA diminished DR5 expression and vernodalol‐induced sensitization to the TRAIL treatment. In addition, a c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocked the vernodalol‐induced up‐regulation of DR5, indicating that the effect depended on JNK activation. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of induced myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl‐1) played an important role in vernodalol/TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, as Mcl‐1 overexpression prevented this apoptotic effect. Moreover, the vernodalol/TRAIL combination inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. Based on our results, vernodalol enhanced TRAIL‐induced apoptosis by down‐regulating Mcl‐1 and up‐regulating DR5, and the effects of DR5 depended on JNK activation and CHOP induction. Therefore, combining TRAIL with vernodalol, a naturally occurring agent, may represent a promising therapeutic approach for DLBCL.
Numerical simulation of Darcy–Forchheimer flow of third grade liquid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Hayat T. , Ijaz Khan M. , Shehzad S. A. , Imran Khan M. , Alsaedi A.
Published: May 2017

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of Darcy–Forchheimer flow in an incompressible third‐grade liquid through Cattaneo–Christov heat flux approach. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory is adopted to govern the mathematical expression of energy, which involves the heat flux relaxation time chracteristics. Time‐dependent thermal conductivity is accounted. The steady problem is reduced to ordinary differential equations via suitable transformation. Numerical solutions for the resulting flow expressions have been computed with the help of Euler's explicit technique. Impact of influential variables on the velocity, temperature and skin‐friction coefficient have been demonstrated and discussed through graphs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite‐dimensional global attractor for a semi‐discrete fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Calgaro Caterina , Goubet Olivier , Zahrouni Ezzeddine
Published: May 2017

We consider a semi‐discrete in time Crank–Nicolson scheme to discretize a weakly damped forced nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation ut−i(−Δ)αu+i|u|2u+γu=f for
considered in the the whole space
. We prove that such semi‐discrete equation provides a discrete infinite‐dimensional dynamical system in
that possesses a global attractor in
. We show also that if the external force is in a suitable weighted Lebesgue space, then this global attractor has a finite fractal dimension. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of positive solutions for fourth‐order impulsive integral boundary value problems on time scales
Authors: Tokmak Fen Fatma , Yaslan Karaca Ilkay
Published: May 2017

This paper is devoted to the existence of positive solutions for a fourth‐order impulsive boundary value problem with integral boundary conditions on time scales. Existence results of at least two and three positive solutions are established via the double fixed point theorem and six functionals fixed point theorem, respectively. Also, an example is given to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach for solving highly nonlinear partial differential equations by successive differentiation method
Authors: Khalid M. , Khan Fareeha Sami
Published: May 2017

In this work successive differentiation method is applied to solve highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) such as Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, Burger's equation, Fornberg–Whitham equation, and Gardner equation. To show the efficacy of this new technique, figures have been incorporated to compare exact solution and results of this method. Wave variable is used to convert the highly nonlinear PDE into ordinary differential equation with order reduction. Then successive differentiation method is utilized to obtain the numerical solution of considered PDEs in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quenching phenomenon of a time‐fractional diffusion equation with singular source term
Authors: Xu Yufeng , Zheng Zhoushun
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a time‐fractional diffusion equation with singular source term is considered. The Caputo fractional derivative with order 0<α⩽1 is applied to the temporal variable. Under specific initial and boundary conditions, we find that the time‐fractional diffusion equation presents quenching solution that is not globally well‐defined as time goes to infinity. The quenching time is estimated by using the eigenfunction of linear fractional diffusion equation. Moreover, by implementing a finite difference scheme, we give some numerical simulations to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional control of genes mediating ovarian follicular growth, differentiation, and steroidogenesis in pigs
Authors: LaVoie Holly A.
Published: May 2017

The pig is an agriculturally important species, so understanding its follicular dynamics and the transcriptional events that accompany such changes is critical to optimizing reproductive outcomes. Numerous small‐ to medium‐size antral follicles are recruited and continue growth under the influence of gonadotropins and growth factors during the follicular phase of the porcine estrous cycle. Several of these follicles are selected to mature into large preovulatory follicles whose granulosa cells acquire luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors. Healthy preovulatory follicles that have not been exposed to the LH surge are estrogenic, expressing the genes, and proteins needed for estradiol synthesis. Exposure to the LH surge, however, causes a dramatic decline in their estrogen production and a transient decrease in mRNAs for genes encoding the steroidogenic machinery, followed by a considerable rise in the expression of genes directing progesterone biosynthesis. This review provides a general overview of pig follicular development and the transcriptional regulation of genes critical to this process in the pig ovary, including those for gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenesis. Where data are lacking, related information from other species has been included, with the caveat that similar regulation has yet to be demonstrated for the pig.
Geomechanical modeling of hydrate‐bearing sediments during dissociation under shear
Authors: Lin Jeen‐Shang , Seol Yongkoo , Choi Jeong Hoon
Published: May 2017

Methane hydrate‐bearing sediments exist throughout the world in continental margins and in Arctic permafrost. Hydrates are ice‐like compounds when dissociate due to temperature rise or reduction in fluid pressure, release gas. Because of the mechanical property changes caused by dissociation in which the loads supported by the hydrates are transferred to soil grains, these sediments may become unstable. To quantify the risk of ground instability triggered by dissociation, which may happen during operation to extract methane gas or from climate changes, a reliable predictive model is indispensable. Even though many models have been proposed, a detailed validation of the ability to model dissociation impact is still needed. This study investigated the adequacy of an spatially mobilized plane constitutive model and a modeling framework using laboratory‐induced dissociation tests under shear from literature. Using laboratory‐imposed temperature and pressure changes and the resulting hydrate saturation changes as input, this study was able to capture the geomechanical responses and determine the stability state of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments as observed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing anticholinergic persistence and adherence profiles in overactive bladder patients based on gender, obesity, and major anticholinergic agents
Authors: Lua Lannah L. , Pathak Prathamesh , Dandolu Vani
Published: May 2017

Aims

Overactive bladder (OAB) is highly prevalent particularly among obese patients and significantly impacts quality of life. Anticholinergics are the first‐line treatment. The effect of obesity on medication compliance has not been studied. Our study evaluated gender‐ and obesity‐specific adherence and persistence of anticholinergic medications in OAB. We also compared adherence and persistence on solifenacin to oxybutynin, tolterodine, and all anticholinergics combined.

Methods

Truven Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounter database from 2005 to 2013 was used. OAB patients aged 18‐65 continuously enrolled for ≥12 months pre‐ and post‐index were identified. Adherence was assessed by medication possession ratio (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC). Persistence was defined as number of days from anticholinergic initiation to discontinuation, switch, or end of study. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.3.

Results

Among 122 641 OAB patients, most common comorbidities were hypertension, depression, and diabetes; patients with these conditions were more compliant. Obese patients were 7% less likely to adhere and 6% more likely to become non‐persistent on anticholinergics compared to non‐obese. Males were 20% more likely to adhere to anticholinergics compared to females. Oxybutynin, solifenacin, and tolterodine were the most common anticholinergics. Solifenacin demonstrated higher adherence and persistence compared to all anticholinergics combined. The proportion of patients still on solifenacin at 1 year was 17.11%, compared to 12.64% for all anticholinergics combined.

Conclusions

Men are more likely to be adherent to anticholinergics than women. Obese patients are less likely to be compliant to medications, possibly related to severity of symptoms. Solifenacin had the highest rates of patient compliance.
Secondary delay‐partition approach on robust performance analysis for uncertain time‐varying Lurie nonlinear control system
Authors: Shi Kaibo , Tang Yuanyan , Liu Xinzhi , Zhong Shouming
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates the problem of robust performance analysis for Lurie nonlinear control system with parameter uncertainties and interval time‐varying delays. Based on an augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional including multiple integral terms, new delay‐dependent robust stability criteria are derived by proposing a novel secondary delay‐partition approach. Moreover, to obtain less conservative stability conditions, an optimized integral inequality is developed by introducing an adjustable parameter ς1. Finally, 5 numerical simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.
Microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of modified polycarbonate with polyolefin and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Taraghi Iman , Fereidoon Abdolhossein , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Szymczyk Anna , Chylinska Renata , Kochmanska Agnieszka , Roslaniec Zbigniew
Published: May 2017

In this manuscript, the supramolecular structure and dynamic mechanical thermal behavior of the polycarbonate (PC)/ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC)/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites (NCs) have been studied. The morphological analysis of the fractured Izod impact surfaces revealed the mechanism of energy absorption for the elastomeric particle in front of the crack growth. The cracks growth and deformation of voids around the EPC phase are the main factors for energy absorption during the notched‐Izod impact test. The presence of the SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in the PC phase causes the increase in the values of the impact strength for the NCs specimens. No new peaks and bonds were observed in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and consequently, the phase behavior of the PC/EPC blends did not change significantly upon SiO2 addition. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis result confirms the existence of two glass transitions temperatures and independence of all components in the system. Examination of the interfacial studies revealed that the SiO2 NPs do not exist at the interface of PC and EPC. In addition, applying SiO2 NPs into the blends improved the storage modulus (E′) and thermal stability of the PC/EPC/SiO2 NCs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of an interfacial polycarbonate polymerization in a continuous multizone tubular reactor
Authors: Yang Woo Jic , Hong Moo Ho , Choi Kyu Yong
Published: May 2017

A detailed mathematical model is presented to describe the steady state behavior of a continuous multizone tubular reactor for the synthesis of aromatic polycarbonate by interfacial polycondensation mechanism. In this process, bisphenol‐A dissolved in a dispersed aqueous phase reacts with phosgene dissolved in a continuous organic phase and hence, the reaction initiates at the interface of the two phases. A liquid‐liquid mass transfer process is incorporated into a reaction kinetic model to calculate the reaction rates and polymer molecular weight distribution. The kinetic model has also been used in developing a steady state multizone tubular reactor model for continuous production of polycarbonate. The model simulations are compared with proprietary plant data and excellent agreement has been obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:438–446, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers