bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arginine in the FARM and SARM: A Role in Chain-Length Determination for Arginine in the Aspartate-Rich Motifs of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Nagel Raimund , Thomas Jill A. , Adekunle Faith A. , Mann Francis M. , Peters Reuben J.
Published: October 2018

Isoprenyl chains are found in many important metabolites. These are derived from precursors of the appropriate length produced by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs). The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes various isoprenoids/terpenoids, with important roles in their biosynthesis played by two closely related IDSs, encoded by grcC1 (Rv0562) and grcC2 (Rv0989c), with Rv0989c generating the 10-carbon precursor (E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP), and Rv0562 the 20-carbon precursor (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). Intriguingly, while Rv0562 contains the prototypical trans-IDS first and second aspartate-rich (DDxxD) motifs (FARM and SARM, respectively), Rv0989c uniquely contains arginine in place of the second Asp in the FARM and first Asp in the SARM. Here site-directed mutagenesis of the corresponding residues in both Rv0562 and Rv0989c reveals that these play a role in determination of product chain length. Specifically, substitution of Asp for the Arg in the FARM and SARM of Rv0989c leads to increased production of the longer 15-carbon farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), while substitution of Arg for the corresponding Asp in Rv0562 leads to increased release of shorter products, both FPP and GPP. Accordingly, while the primary role of the FARM and SARM is known to be chelation of the divalent magnesium ion co-factors that assist substrate binding and catalysis, the Arg substitutions found in Rv0989c seem to provide a novel means by which product chain length is moderated, at least in these M. tuberculosis IDSs.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Screening of Some Newly Synthesized Triazolopyridine, Pyridotriazine and Pyridine–Pyrazole Hybrid Derivatives
Authors: Flefel Eman M. , El-Sofany Walaa I. , El-Shahat Mahmoud , Naqvi Arshi , Assirey Eman
Published: October 2018

A series of novel pyridine and fused pyridine derivatives have been prepared starting from 6-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 1 which on treatment with appropriate formic acid, acetic acid/acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride and/or carbon disulfide afforded the corresponding triazolopyridine derivatives 2–5. Also, treatment of hydrazide 1 with diethyloxalate, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid and/or 1,2-dichloroethane yielded the corresponding pyridotriazine derivatives 7–10. Further transformation of compound 1 with a different active methylene group, namely acetyl acetone, diethylmalonate, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl benzoylacetate and/or ethyl acetoacetate, produced the pyridine–pyrazole hybrid derivatives 11–15. These newly synthesized compounds (1–15) were subjected to in silico molecular docking screenings towards GlcN-6-P synthase as the target protein. The results revealed moderate to good binding energies of the ligands on the target protein. All the newly prepared products exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Effects of Different Techniques of Malolactic Fermentation Induction on Diacetyl Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Selected Aromatic Esters in Cool-Climate Grape Wines
Authors: Lasik-Kurdyś Małgorzata , Majcher Małgorzata , Nowak Jacek
Published: October 2018

The effects of different malolactic bacteria fermentation techniques on the bioconversion of aromatic compounds in cool-climate grape wines were examined. During three wine seasons, red and white grape wines were produced using various malolactic fermentation induction techniques: Coinoculation, sequential inoculation, and spontaneous process. Volatile compounds (diacetyl and the products of its metabolism, and selected ethyl fatty acid esters) were extracted by solid phase microextraction. Compounds were identified with a multidimensional gas chromatograph—GC × GC-ToFMS with ZOEX cryogenic (N2) modulator. Sensory evaluation of the wines was also performed. It was found that the fermentation-derived metabolites studied were affected by the malolactic bacteria inoculation regime. Quantitatively, ethyl lactate, diethyl succinate, and ethyl acetate dominated as esters with the largest increase in content. The total concentration of ethyl esters was highest for the coinoculation technique, while the highest concentration of diacetyl was noted for the spontaneous technique. Controlled malolactic fermentation, especially using the coinoculation technique, can be proposed as a safe and efficient enological practice for producing quality cool-climate grape wines enriched with fruity, fresh, and floral aromas.
In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging of Nitroxyl with Copper Fluorescent Probe in Living Cells and Zebrafish
Authors: Palanisamy Sathyadevi , Wang Yu-Liang , Chen Yu-Jen , Chen Chiao-Yun , Tsai Fu-Te , Liaw Wen-Feng , Wang Yun-Ming
Published: October 2018

Nitroxyl (HNO) plays a critical role in many physiological processes which includes vasorelaxation in heart failure, neuroregulation, and myocardial contractility. Powerful imaging tools are required to obtain information for understanding the mechanisms involved in these in vivo processes. In order to develop a rapid and high sensitive probe for HNO detection in living cells and the zebrafish model organism, 2-((2-(benzothiazole-2yl)benzylidene) amino)benzoic acid (AbTCA) as a ligand, and its corresponding copper(II) complex Cu(II)-AbTCA were synthesized. The reaction results of Cu(II)-AbTCA with Angeli’s salt showed that Cu(II)-AbTCA could detect HNO quantitatively in a range of 40–360 µM with a detection limit of 9.05 µM. Furthermore, Cu(II)-AbTCA is more selective towards HNO over other biological species including thiols, reactive nitrogen, and reactive oxygen species. Importantly, Cu(II)-AbTCA was successfully applied to detect HNO in living cells and zebrafish. The collective data reveals that Cu(II)-AbTCA could be used as a potential probe for HNO detection in living systems.
A Novel Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on a Metal-Organic Framework/Carbon Nanofiber Composite
Authors: Fu Yijun , Dai Jiamu , Ge Yan , Zhang Yu , Ke Huizhen , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2018

A co-based porous metal-organic framework (MOF) of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was utilized to prepare a ZIF-67/CNFs composite via a one-pot synthesis method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the morphology, structure, and composition of the resulting composite. A novel high-performance non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was constructed based on the ZIF-67/CNFs composite. The ZIF-67/CNFs based sensor exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 compared to a pure ZIF-67-based sensor, due to the synergistic effects of ZIF-67 and CNFs. Meanwhile, chronoamperometry was utilized to explore the detection performance of the sensor. Results showed the sensor displayed high-efficiency electrocatalysis towards H2O2 with a detection limit of 0.62 μM (S/N = 3), a sensitivity of 323 µA mM−1 cm−2, a linear range from 0.0025 to 0.19 mM, as well as satisfactory selectivity and long-term stability. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated its application potential in the detection of H2O2 in food.
The Inhibitory Effect of Flavonoid Aglycones on the Metabolic Activity of CYP3A4 Enzyme
Authors: Šarić Mustapić Darija , Debeljak Željko , Maleš Željan , Bojić Mirza
Published: October 2018

Flavonoids are natural compounds that have been extensively studied due to their positive effects on human health. There are over 4000 flavonoids found in higher plants and their beneficial effects have been shown in vitro as well as in vivo. However, data on their pharmacokinetics and influence on metabolic enzymes is scarce. The aim of this study was to focus on possible interactions between the 30 most commonly encountered flavonoid aglycones on the metabolic activity of CYP3A4 enzyme. 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone was used as marker reaction of CYP3A4 activity. Generated product was determined by HPLC coupled with diode array detector. Metabolism and time dependence, as well as direct inhibition, were tested to determine if inhibition was reversible and/or irreversible. Out of the 30 flavonoids tested, 7 significantly inhibited CYP3A4, most prominent being acacetin that inhibited 95% of enzyme activity at 1 µM concentration. Apigenin showed reversible inhibition, acacetin, and chrysin showed combined irreversible and reversible inhibition while chrysin dimethylether, isorhamnetin, pinocembrin, and tangeretin showed pure irreversible inhibition. These results alert on possible flavonoid–drug interactions on the level of CYP3A4.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indole-Derived Thioureas
Authors: Sanna Giuseppina , Madeddu Silvia , Giliberti Gabriele , Piras Sandra , Struga Marta , Wrzosek Małgorzata , Kubiak-Tomaszewska Grażyna , Koziol Anna E. , Savchenko Oleksandra , Lis Tadeusz , Stefanska Joanna , Tomaszewski Piotr , Skrzycki Michał , Szulczyk Daniel
Published: October 2018

A series of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylthiourea derivatives were prepared by condensation of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine with appropriate aryl/alkylisothiocyanates in anhydrous media. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis and the molecular structures of 8 and 28 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All obtained compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods and for antifungal activity. Microbiological evaluation was carried out over 20 standard strains and 30 hospital strains. Compound 6 showed significant inhibition against Gram-positive cocci and had inhibitory effect on the S. aureus topoisomerase IV decatenation activity and S. aureus DNA gyrase supercoiling activity. Compounds were tested for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a large panel of DNA and RNA viruses, including HIV-1 and other several important human pathogens. Interestingly, derivative 8 showed potent activity against HIV-1 wild type and variants bearing clinically relevant mutations. Newly synthesized tryptamine derivatives showed also a wide spectrum activity, proving to be active against positive- and negative-sense RNA viruses.
Applications of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
Authors: Mu Yuqing , Schulz Benjamin L. , Ferro Vito
Published: October 2018

Carbohydrate analyses are often challenging due to the structural complexity of these molecules, as well as the lack of suitable analytical tools for distinguishing the vast number of possible isomers. The coupled technique, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), has been in use for two decades for the analysis of complex biomolecules, and in recent years it has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of carbohydrates. For carbohydrates, most studies have focused on the separation and characterization of isomers in biological samples. IM-MS is capable of separating isomeric ions by drift time, and further characterizing them by mass analysis. Applications of IM-MS in carbohydrate analysis are extremely useful and important for understanding many biological mechanisms and for the determination of disease states, although efforts are still needed for higher sensitivity and resolution.
Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
Authors: Vlasova Irina I.
Published: October 2018

The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate free radicals in the peroxidase cycle and (pseudo)hypohalous acids in the halogenation cycle. The major true peroxidases are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase and lactoperoxidase. (2) Pseudo-peroxidases perform various important functions in the body, but under the influence of external conditions they can display peroxidase-like activity. As oxidative intermediates, these peroxidases produce not only active heme compounds, but also protein-based tyrosyl radicals. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c/cardiolipin complexes and cytoglobin are considered as pseudo-peroxidases. Рeroxidases play an important role in innate immunity and in a number of physiologically important processes like apoptosis and cell signaling. Unfavorable excessive peroxidase activity is implicated in oxidative damage of cells and tissues, thereby initiating the variety of human diseases. Hence, regulation of peroxidase activity is of considerable importance. Since peroxidases differ in structure, properties and location, the mechanisms controlling peroxidase activity and the biological effects of peroxidase products are specific for each hemoprotein. This review summarizes the knowledge about the properties, activities, regulations and biological effects of true and pseudo-peroxidases in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying beneficial and adverse effects of this class of enzymes.
Optimization of Culture Condition for Ganoderic Acid Production in Ganoderma lucidum Liquid Static Culture and Design of a Suitable Bioreactor
Authors: Hu Gaosheng , Zhai Manhuayun , Niu Rong , Xu Xiaoqiang , Liu Qian , Jia Jingming
Published: October 2018

Ganoderma lucidum, a famous medicinal mushroom used worldwide, is a rich source of triterpenoids which, together with polysaccharides, are believed to be the main effective constituents of G. lucidum. With the increase of market demand, the wild resource is facing serious limitations, and the quality of cultivated fruiting bodies can be seriously affected by the availability of wood resources and by cultivation management practices. In the present study, we aimed to develop an alternative way to produce useful triterpenoids from G. lucidum. We cultured the strain using a two-stage liquid culture strategy and investigated the effects of nitrogen limitation, carbon supply, static culture volume and air supply in the static culture stage on the accumulation of five triterpenoids (GA-P, GA-Q, GA-T, GA-S, GA-R). Our results showed that, under optimized condition, the total yield of the five triterpenoids reached 963 mg/L (as determined by HPLC). Among the five triterpenoids, GA-T accounted for about 75% of the total yield. Besides, a bioreactor suitable for fungal liquid static culture with a 10 L extensible plastic bag shaped culture unit was designed and in which the maximum total yield of the five GAs reached 856.8 mg/L, and the GAs content reached 5.99%. Our results demonstrate the potential of industrial application of G. lucidum culture for the production of triterpenoids, especially GA-T. Air supply significantly improved the accumulation of triterpenoids, and this will provide important clues to understand why more triterpenoids are produced in the mycelia mat under static liquid culture conditions.
A Novel Tb@Sr-MOF as Self-Calibrating Luminescent Sensor for Nutritional Antioxidant
Authors: Wang Yi , Lin Shaomin , Luo Jun , Huang Rui , Cai Hong , Yan Wei , Yang Huan
Published: October 2018

Sesamol, is well-known antioxidant and can reduce the rate of oxidation and prolong expiration date. It is also potentially antimutagenic and antihepatotoxic, the detection of sesamol is important and remains a huge challenge. Herein, a new 3D alkaline earth Sr metal organic framework [Sr(BDC)DMACH2O]n (BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate; DMAC = N,N-dimethylacetamide) is synthesized and a probe based on Tb3+ functionalized Sr-MOF. The Tb(3+)@Sr-MOF showed good luminescence and thermal property. Due to the energy competition between sesamol and ligand, the luminescence intensity of sesamol increases meantime luminescence intensity of Tb3+ decreases, the ratio of the emission intensities (I344/I545) linearly increases with sesamol in concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−7 to 8 × 10−4 M. Furthermore, the fluorescence-detected circular test shows that the composite Tb(3+)@Sr-MOF can serve as ratiometric sensor for sensing of sesamol. This is the first example for self-calibrated detecting sesamol based on metal-organic framework (MOF).
Effects of Ag Additive in Low Temperature CO Detection with In2O3 Based Gas Sensors
Authors: Naberezhnyi Daniil , Rumyantseva Marina , Filatova Darya , Batuk Maria , Hadermann Joke , Baranchikov Alexander , Khmelevsky Nikolay , Aksenenko Anatoly , Konstantinova Elizaveta , Gaskov Alexander
Published: October 2018

Nanocomposites In2O3/Ag obtained by ultraviolet (UV) photoreduction and impregnation methods were studied as materials for CO sensors operating in the temperature range 25–250 °C. Nanocrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), single-point Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The active surface sites were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and thermo-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H2) method. Sensor measurements in the presence of 15 ppm CO demonstrated that UV treatment leads to a complete loss of In2O3 sensor sensitivity, while In2O3/Ag-UV nanocomposite synthesized by UV photoreduction demonstrates an increased sensor signal to CO at T < 200 °C. The observed high sensor response of the In2O3/Ag-UV nanocomposite at room temperature may be due to the realization of an additional mechanism of CO oxidation with participation of surface hydroxyl groups associated via hydrogen bonds.
Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in the Czech Population: A Comparison with Dietary Reference Values, Main Food Sources Identified by a Total Diet Study
Authors: Bischofova Svatava , Dofkova Marcela , Blahova Jitka , Kavrik Radek , Nevrla Jana , Rehurkova Irena , Ruprich Jiri
Published: October 2018

The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was studied in 10 subgroups of the Czech population. Food consumption data was collected using repeated 24 h recall in a national cross-sectional survey (the Study of Individual Food Consumption, SISP04), and the vitamin D content in marketed foods was quantified within the national Total Diet Study (2014–2015). The Monte Carlo Risk Assessment computational model (version MCRA 8.2) was used to assess usual intake. The median vitamin D intakes for the Czech population (aged 4–90 years, both genders) were within a range of 2.5–5.1 μg/day. The highest median intake, excluding dietary supplements, was observed in men aged 18–64, and the lowest was observed in children aged 4–6 and girls aged 11–17. The main sources in the diet were hen eggs (21–28% of usual dietary intake), fine bakery wares (11–19%), cow’s milk and dairy products (7–23%), meat and meat products (4–12%), fish (6–20%), and margarines (7–18%). The dietary intake of vitamin D for more than 95% of the Czech population was below the recommended Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These findings should encourage public health authorities to support interventions and education and implement new regulatory measures for improving intake.
Metabolic Stability and Metabolite Characterization of Capilliposide B and Capilliposide C by LC–QTRAP–MS/MS
Authors: Cheng Zhongzhe , Zhou Xing , Du Zhifeng , Li Wenyi , Hu Bingying , Tian Jingkui , Zhang Lin , Huang Jiangeng , Jiang Hongliang
Published: October 2018

Capilliposide B (LC-B) and Capilliposide C (LC-C), two new triterpenoid saponins extracted from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl, exhibit potential anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, their metabolic process remains unclear. In this study, the metabolic stability of LC-B, LC-C, and Capilliposide A (LC-A, a bioactive metabolite of LC-B and LC-C) was investigated in human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes, respectively. Thereafter, their metabolites were identified and characterized after oral administration in mice. As a result, species difference was found in the metabolic stability of LC-B and LC-C. All three compounds of interest were stable in human and rat liver microsomes, but LC-B and LC-C significantly degraded in mouse liver microsomes. The metabolic instability of LC-B and LC-C was mainly caused by esterolysis. Moreover, 19 metabolites were identified and characterized in mouse biological matrices. LC-B and LC-C mainly underwent deglycosylation and esterolysis, accompanied by dehydration, dehydrogenation, and hydroxylation as minor metabolic reactions. Finally, the metabolic pathway of LC-B and LC-C in mice was proposed. Our results updated the preclinical metabolism and disposition process of LC-B and LC-C, which provided additional information for better understanding efficacy and safety.
Impact of Endometallofullerene on P84 Copolyimide Transport and Thermomechanical Properties
Authors: Polotskaya Galina , Putintseva Maia , Pulyalina Alexandra , Gofman Iosif , Toikka Alexander
Published: October 2018

Novel polymer composite materials, including unique nanoparticles, contribute to the progress of modern technologies. In this work, the endohedral fullerene C60 with incapsulated iron atom (endometallofullerene Fe@C60) is used for modification of P84 copolyimide. The impact of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt % endometallofullerene on the structure and physicochemical properties of polymer films is studied through scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermomechanical tests. Transport properties are estimated through sorption and pervaporation techniques toward methanol and methyl acetate mixture. The inclusion of endometallofullerene into the copolyimide matrix improves membrane permeability and selectivity in the separation of methanol—methyl acetate mixtures. The maximal effect is achieved with a composite containing 0.5 wt % Fe@C60. The developed composites are effective for energy and resource saving purification of methyl acetate by pervaporation.
Rationality and Ethics between Western and Islamic Tradition
Authors: Mangini Michele
Published: October 2018

In the contemporary legal and political debate a large space is taken by the concept of ‘reasonableness’ as a multifaceted notion. Its plasticity makes it very adaptable to the variety of problems that is called on to solve. Its philosophical underpinnings are located in the tradition of Western thought. On the one hand, we have the modern tradition, including the Kantian and the Humean views and, on the other, the Aristotelian–Thomistic tradition, proposing a different and competing conception of reasonableness. Insofar as the latter tradition proposes an idea relying on perfectionist considerations, I want to inquire into the Islamic tradition of reason and rationality in order to find whether it is closer to the first or to the second model. Concepts such as ‘ijitihad’, ‘maqasid’ and ‘maslaha’, I shall argue, find their better explanation if interpreted along the Aristotelian perfectionist tradition rather than along its competitor. If this move is well-founded, some important consequences for the understanding of contemporary Islamic culture may derive. My basic assumption is that those Islamic concepts (and a few others) embed a religious and cultural core of tension to ‘human development’ that can nicely dovetail with Aristotelian rationality and ethics of virtues.
Hedge or Rebalance: Optimal Risk Management with Transaction Costs
Authors: Gallien Florent , Kassibrakis Serge , Malamud Semyon
Published: October 2018

We solve the problem of optimal risk management for an investor holding an illiquid, alpha-generating fund and hedging his/her position with a liquid futures contract. When the investor is subject to a lower bound on net return, he/she is forced to reduce the total risk of his/her portfolio after a loss. In this case, he/she faces a tradeoff of either paying the transaction costs and deleveraging or keeping his/her current position in the illiquid instrument and hedging away some of the risk while keeping the residual, unhedgeable risk on his/her balance sheet. We explicitly characterize this tradeoff and study its dependence on asset characteristics. In particular, we show that higher alpha and lower beta typically widen the no-trading zone, while the impact of volatility is ambiguous.
Beyond the Sex Doll: Post-Human Companionship and the Rise of the ‘Allodoll’
Authors: Langcaster-James Mitchell , Bentley Gillian R
Published: October 2018

The increasing market for realistic sex dolls has led to heated debate about future relationships with these entities and whether they could lead to an increasing objectification of women or possibly encourage abuse. However, limited academic research has been carried out on the topic, and little is known about the motivations and experiences of those who purchase and use sex dolls. Therefore, we conducted a mixed methods study of 83 participants, accessed through online doll forums, who completed a 22-item, semi-structured questionnaire. The majority were heterosexual, white, employed, middle-aged males; just over half were not in a current relationship, and approximately half lived alone. A thematic analysis revealed a high prevalence of non-sexual, post-human companionship dynamics between dolls and their owners, as well as reservations by doll owners about future robotic developments. In light of these findings, we suggest a new term, ‘allodoll’, which more accurately reflects the broader, non-sexual relationships of these doll owners, and could broaden the scope of future research. Although sex doll forums may be biased towards certain types of doll users, our findings may allay some of the fears of the more detrimental consequences of sex doll use.
A Novel Fault Location Method for a Cross-Bonded HV Cable System Based on Sheath Current Monitoring
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Zhou Chengke , Zhou Wenjun , Wang Chunlin , Yao Leiming , Su Mengting , Huang Xiaojun
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the practice in the operation and maintenance of high voltage (HV) cables, this paper proposes a fault location method based on the monitoring of cable sheath currents for use in cross-bonded HV cable systems. This method first analyzes the power–frequency component of the sheath current, which can be acquired at cable terminals and cable link boxes, using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The cable segment where a fault occurs can be localized by the phase difference between the sheath currents at the two ends of the cable segment, because current would flow in the opposite direction towards the two ends of the cable segment with fault. Conversely, in other healthy cable segments of the same circuit, sheath currents would flow in the same direction. The exact fault position can then be located via electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) analysis of the fault transients of the sheath current. The sheath currents have been simulated and analyzed by assuming a single-phase short-circuit fault to occur in every cable segment of a selected cross-bonded high voltage cable circuit. The sheath current monitoring system has been implemented in a 110 kV cable circuit in China. Results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and effective in location of HV cable short circuit faults.
Sur la langite des Vosges
Authors: Pierrot Roland , Sainfeld Paul
Published: October 2018

La découverte de langite à Framont-Grandfontaine (Bas-Rhin) et à Mollau (Haut-Rhin), a permis de compléter la description de cette espèce minérale. La formule (SO₄)Cu₄(OH)₆, H₂O est confirmée. Orthôrhombrique : a = 6,02, b = 11,2, c — 7,12 Â. Z = 2. Le spectre de poudre est donné. Cristaux aplatis sur p (001), un peu allongés suivant pg 1 avec h 1 (100) et e 1/2 (021) étroites. Macle m fréquente et répétée. Dureté 3. Densité (mes.) 3.31, (cal.) 3.26. Bleu foncé à verdâtre, faiblement pléochroïque. Biaxe négatif. 2 V ~ 70° ; na sur a, nm sur b, nv sur c. Les gisements sont brièvement décrits.
Sur la bustamite d'Aïn Sedma (Kabylie de Collo, Algérie)
Authors: Bolfa Joseph , Kern Raymond
Published: October 2018

L'étude au moyen des rayons X de la bustamite d'Aïn Sedma montre qu'elle doit être rattachée à la série diopside-hédenbergite.

Des minéraux classés sous le même nom et provenant de l'île d'Elbe et de Campiglia se révèlent être identiques à la «bustamite » d'Aïn Sedma.
Méthode générale de correction des effets instrumentaux appliquée à l'interprétation des diagrammes de rayons X
Authors: Tournarie Max
Published: October 2018

L'auteur analyse la chaîne de mesures que forment l'appareil et le calcul en cristallographie. Ainsi les erreurs sont classées et leur évolution suivie au cours de la traversée de la chaîne de mesures. Dans un ensemble de chaînes, on peut ainsi choisir la meilleure et en connaître les limitations. Il existe en effet une limite supérieure au pouvoir séparateur. Des applications variées sont possibles.
Contribution à l'étude cristallochimique des hydrates de soude. I. — Méthodes expérimentales et les structures cristallines de NaOH.H2O et de 2 NaOH.7 H2O
Authors: Wunderlich Jeffrey Alfred
Published: October 2018

Le premier chapitre est consacré à un bref aperçu des techniques expérimentales et des méthodes de calculs utilisés au cours des travaux.

Le deuxième chapitre est réservé à la détermination et à la description de la structure cristalline de NaOH.H₂O. Les paramètres atomiques, déterminés à l'aide des trois sections de Harker, ont été affinés au moyen de projections généralisées et de «séries-différence ». Les atomes formant les feuillets illimités de cette structure, sont liés entre eux par un réseau de liaisons de coordination (Na-OH et Na-H₂O) et de liaisons-hydrogène (entre H₂O et OH ).

Le troisième chapitre décrit les méthodes utilisées pour déterminer la structure de 2 NaOH.7 H₂O (fonction P (U, V, W) et égalités de Zachariasen). Des projections généralisées ont également été utilisées pour affiner cette structure. La structure est formée de chaînes d'octaèdres, chacun partageant alternativement une arête et une face avec l'octaèdre suivant. Chaque ion OH-est lié à cinq molécules u'eau par des liaisons-hydrogène qui forment un réseau tridimensionnel.

La formule développée est la suivante
Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules
Authors: Lamri Gwénaëlle , Veltri Alessandro , Aubard Jean , Adam Pierre-Michel , Felidj Nordin , Baudrion Anne-Laure
Published: October 2018

Active plasmonics is a key focus for the development of advanced plasmonic applications. By selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance sustained by the short or the long axis of silver nanorods, we demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between the plasmonic resonance and the excited state of photochromic molecules. By varying the width and the length of the nanorods independently, a clear Rabi splitting appears in the dispersion curves of both resonators.
The COS CGM Compendium. I. Survey Design and Initial Results
Authors: Lehner Nicolas , Wotta Christopher B. , Howk J. Christopher , O’Meara John M. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Cooksey Kathy L.
Published: October 2018

We present a neutral hydrogen-selected absorption-line survey of gas with H i column densities

at

using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Our main aim is to determine the metallicity distribution of these absorbers. Our sample consists of 224 absorbers selected on the basis of their H i absorption strength. Here we discuss the properties of our survey and the immediate empirical results. We find singly and doubly ionized metal species, and H i typically have similar velocity profiles, implying they probe gas in the same or similar environments. The ionic ratios (e.g.,

/

,

/

) indicate that the gas in these absorbers is largely ionized, and the ionization conditions are quite comparable across the sampled

range. The Doppler parameters of the H i imply

K on average, consistent with the gas being photoionized. The Mg ii column densities span >2 orders of magnitude at any given

, indicating a wide range of metallicities (from solar to <1/100 solar). In the range of

, there is a gap in the

distribution corresponding to gas with ∼10% solar metallicity, consistent with the gap seen in the previously identified bimodal metallicity distribution in this column density regime. Less than 3% of the absorbers in our sample show no detectable metal absorption, implying that truly pristine gas at

is uncommon. We find

[Fe ii/Mg ii]

, and since α-enhancement can affect this ratio, dust depletion is extremely mild.
Model-independent Test of the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation
Authors: Ruan Cheng-Zong , Melia Fulvio , Zhang Tong-Jie
Published: October 2018

A validation of the cosmic distance duality (CDD) relation,

, coupling the luminosity (d

L
) and angular-diameter (d

A
) distances, is crucial because its violation would require exotic new physics. We present a model-independent test of the CDD, based on strong lensing and a reconstruction of the H ii galaxy Hubble diagram using Gaussian processes, to confirm the validity of the CDD at a very high level of confidence. Using parameterizations

and

, our best-fit results are

, and

and

, respectively. In spite of these strong constraints, however, we also point out that the analysis of strong lensing using a simplified single isothermal sphere (SIS) model for the lens produces some irreducible scatter in the inferred CDD data. The use of an extended SIS approximation, with a power-law density structure, yields very similar results, but does not lessen the scatter due to its larger number of free parameters, which weakens the best-fit constraints. Future work with these strong lenses should therefore be based on more detailed ray-tracing calculations to determine the mass distribution more precisely.
Photopolarimetric Characteristics of Brown Dwarfs. I. Uniform Cloud Decks
Authors: Sanghavi Suniti , Shporer Avi
Published: October 2018

This work is a theoretical exploration facilitating the interpretation of polarimetric observations in terms of cloudiness, rotational velocities, and effective temperatures of brown dwarfs (BDs). An envelope of scatterers like free electrons, atoms/molecules, or haze/clouds affects the Stokes vector of the radiation emitted by oblate bodies. Due to high rotation rates, BDs can be considerably oblate. We present a conics-based radiative transfer scheme for computing the disk-resolved and disk-integrated polarized emission of an oblate BD or extrasolar giant planet bearing homogeneous or patchy clouds. Assuming a uniform gray atmosphere, we theoretically examine the sensitivity of photopolarimetry to the atmosphere’s scattering properties, like cloud optical thickness and grain size, concurrently with BD properties, like oblateness, inclination, and effective temperature, which are all treated as free parameters. Additionally, we examine the potential effects of gravitational darkening (GD), revealing that it could significantly amplify disk-integrated polarization. GD imparts a nonlinear inverse temperature dependence to the resulting polarization. Photopolarimetric observations are sensitive to oblateness and inclination. The degree of polarization increases in response to both, making it potentially useful for assessing the spatial orientation of the BD. Under our model assumptions, increasing droplet size in optically thick clouds causes a blueward shift in the near-infrared colors of BDs, which is interesting in light of the observed J – K brightening in the L/T transition. For large cloud grains, polarization decreases sharply, while the transmitted intensity shows a steady increase. BD polarization is thus a potential indicator not only of the presence of clouds but also provides information on cloud grain size.
A review of Leucosigma Druce, 1908: a newly discovered case of fern-feeding and descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: Goldstein Paul , Janzen Daniel , Proshek Benjamin , Hallwachs Winnie , Dapkey Tanya
Published: October 2018

Chytonidia Schaus, 1914, is one of two noctuine genera originally described by Schaus that includes species recently found to feed on fern foliage (Pteridophyta) as larvae. By examining museum specimens, including type material and reared specimens accompanied by DNA barcode data, Chytonidia Schaus, 1914, syn. n. is synonymized with Leucosigma Druce, 1908, all currently recognized species are re-described, including males of three species described from female holotypes, and three new species are described: Leucosigmasolisae Goldstein, sp. n., Leucosigmapoolei Goldstein, sp. n., and L.schausi Goldstein, sp. n. Images of adults and, where available, larvae as well as dissected genitalia are presented, with a key to adults.
A new genus and three new species of noctuid moths from western United States of America and Mexico (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)
Authors: Crabo Lars G.
Published: October 2018

The genus Rhabdorthodesgen. n. is described for three previously unnamed noctuid moths from the mountains of south-western United States and Mexico. It is assigned to subfamily Noctuinae, tribe Eriopygini. Rhabdorthodespattersonisp. n. from the United States and Rhabdorthodesdurangosp. n. and Rhabdorthodespetersonisp. n. from Mexico are described. These moths are small, dull gray brown, and lack highly diagnostic wing markings, but are distinctive structurally. The adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated and distribution maps are presented. Two species eponyms honor persons who have facilitated the study and enjoyment of moths in North America by creating moth-specific websites.
Six new species and one new subspecies of noctuid moths from western United States of America and Mexico (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: Crabo Lars G. , Hammond Paul C. , Mustelin Tomas , Wikle David L.
Published: October 2018

Six new species and one new subspecies of Noctuidae are described from western United States of America and Baja California, Mexico:DolocuculliapooleiCrabo & Hammond,sp. n.(Cuculliinae),PlagiomimicusyakamaCrabo & Wikle,sp. n.,PlagiomimicusyakamamojaveWikle & Crabo,ssp. n.,PlagiomimicusincomitatusMustelin,sp. n.(Amphipyrinae),SympistisferrirenaCrabo,sp. n.(Oncocnemidinae),AseptisharpiCrabo & Mustelin,sp. n., andHypotrixlactomellisWikle & Crabo,sp. n.(Noctuinae). The adults and genitalia of these species are described, illustrated, and compared to similar related moths. The larvae of thePlagiomimicustepperispecies group, unknown previously, are reported to feed on several species ofBrickelliaEll. (Asteraceae). The early stages ofPlagiomimicusyakamamojaveare described and late instars are illustrated.
Two new species of the Neotropical Lophocampa hyalinipuncta (Rothschild) group (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: Vincent Benoit
Published: October 2018

Two new species ofLophocampaHarris are described and illustrated,Lophocampaazuayensissp. n., andLophocampacarpishensissp. n.Both new species were confused withLophocampahyalinipuncta(Rothschild, 1909), and a comparative diagnosis is provided.
A new species of Hypoprepia from the mountains of central Arizona (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini)
Authors: Douglas Palting John , Ferguson Douglas C. , Moore Wendy
Published: October 2018

A new firefly-mimicking lichen moth of the genus Hypoprepia, H.lampyroides Palting & Ferguson, sp. n., is described from the mountains of east-central Arizona and the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Hypoprepia Hübner, 1831 is a North American genus of lithosiine tiger moths, previously consisting of five species: H.fucosa Hübner, 1831 and H.miniata (Kirby, 1837), both of eastern and central North America; H.cadaverosa Strecker, 1878 from the Rocky Mountains into New Mexico and west Texas; H.inculta H. Edwards, 1882, a widespread western USA species and H.muelleri Dyar, 1907 from the vicinity of Mexico City. The latter is herein synonymized under H.inculta (= H.muellerisyn. n.), resulting in the total number of taxa in the genus unchanged at five.
Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Co-Occurring Eating Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Parks Elizabeth H.
Published: October 2018

This article reviews the considerations for treating co-occurring eating disorders (EDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) concurrently. EDs are serious psychiatric disorders that interfere with one's physical, mental, and social well-being and require intensive treatment. When a patient presents with co-occurring disorders in addition to an ED, unique treatment considerations must be made. Patients with co-occurring PTSD are likely to use ED behaviors to manage PTSD symptoms. As such, it is important that clinical attention be paid to both disorders. Although a gold standard treatment for the ED/PTSD patient population has not yet been established, there are promising results from emerging research. Of note is the implementation of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), an evidenced-based practice used to treat PTSD in patients with ED/PTSD. CPT can be efficacious in simultaneously treating ED and PTSD symptomology. This article offers a clinical perspective on this issue.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(10):473–476.]
Implantable Collamer Lens
®
for Management of Pseudophakic Ametropia in Eyes With a Spectrum of Previous Corneal Surgery
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Lisa Carlos , Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belen , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To assess the visual outcomes, predictability, and safety of the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Inc., Monrovia, CA) for the management of residual pseudophakic refractive error.

METHODS:

Forty-nine pseudophakic eyes of 40 patients in which myopic, hyperopic, or toric ICLs were implanted were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-nine eyes had been implanted with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and 20 eyes had a multifocal IOL. All IOLs were implanted in the capsular bag. Of the 49 eyes included, 6 had residual refractive error after phacoemulsification without corneal pathology or surgical alteration (virgin cornea group), 12 had LASIK or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (excimer laser group), 8 had radial keratotomy, 5 had intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation, 11 had penetrating keratoplasty, and 7 had deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Uncorrected and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and manifest refraction were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The efficacy/safety indices were 0.92/1.10, 0.98/1.13, 1.04/1.11, 0.90/1.13, 0.79/1.17, and 0.71/1.23 for the virgin cornea, excimer laser, radial keratotomy, ICRS, penetrating keratoplasty, and DALK groups, respectively. No eye lost one or more lines of CDVA. The virgin cornea, excimer laser, and radial keratotomy groups showed better predictability and accuracy, with 96.2% spherical equivalent within ±1.00 diopters (D). The ICRS, penetrating keratoplasty, and DALK groups demonstrated approximately 50% spherical equivalent within ±1.00 D. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Good refractive outcomes and a strong safety record support the use of the ICL for the correction of residual refractive error in pseudophakic eyes with previous corneal surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):654–663.]
Reducción de la captura secundaria y los descartes en la pesquería costera de pequeña escala del Algarve utilizando una red de trasmallo de monofilamento equipada con una red de protección
Authors: Szynaka Monika J. , Bentes Luís , Monteiro Pedro , Rangel Mafalda , Erzini Karim
Published: October 2018

La pesca experimental se llevó a cabo frente al puerto de Quarteira (sur de Portugal), de octubre de 2016 a febrero de 2017, utilizando redes de trasmallo estándar y redes modificadas con una red de protección llamada “faldón”. Las capturas comerciales de redes de trasmallo equipadas con una red de protección fueron 46.1% y 38.0% menores que las de la red estándar en número y valor económico. Sin embargo, hubo significativamente menos descartes comerciales en biomasa en las redes de trasmallo modificadas (68.2%) y la abundancia de las capturas secundarias y su biomasa también fueron menores en las redes modificadas (41.8% y 17.3% menos respectivamente). Para las dos principales especies de la captura secundaria de peces, la red modificada capturó un 62.2% menos de arete oscuro (C. obscurus) y un 33.1% menos de araña (T. draco) que las redes estándar. El tiempo necesario para quitar las especies principales de las redes reveló ahorros en el tiempo asociados con el uso de redes modificadas. Sin embargo, hubo el doble de daño neto en las redes modificadas en comparación con las redes estándar, lo que probablemente contribuyó a la reducción de las capturas comerciales. Los resultados indican que las redes de trasmallo con la red de protección reducen la captura fortuita y los descartes y ahorran tiempo, pero es poco probable que sean adoptadas por los pescadores que buscan lenguados debido a los mayores costos de las redes modificadas y las pérdidas en las capturas comerciales y las ganancias.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Design for Learning
Authors: Kızıl Aysel Şahin
Published: October 2018

The learning context has gradually become more technology-rich and learner-centered along with the learning process, which is extensively regarded as configurative and dynamic. This has brought about significant shifts in educational practices. This shift has a crucial impact both on the field of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and on the approaches to educational design, giving way to the emergence of design for learning. This chapter is an attempt to explore potential synergies between CALL and design for learning, which is thought to strengthen the CALL practices and make an effective base for CALL design.
Instructional Design Applied to TCN5 Virtual World
Authors: Falcade Andressa , Krassmann Aliane Loureiro , Medina Roseclea Duarte , Freitas Vania Cristina Bordin
Published: October 2018

This chapter presents the development and implementation of an instructional design (ID) for computer networks learning within a three-dimensional (3D) virtual world (VW) that considers characteristics of cognitive style and level of expertise of the student, titled TCN5. For this purpose, a hybrid model of ID was created based on ADDIE and Dick and Carey models. To facilitate the inclusion and management of didactic materials, an educational resources manager called GRECx was developed, which was allocated to the VW through web pages inserted in 3D media objects. The approach was submitted to the evaluation of a sample of students, who pointed out that it allows greater use of didactic materials within the immersive environment, and that GRECx can actually help teachers in the inclusion of resources, avoiding the need to deal with VW settings.
Logistics Thinking
Authors: Szmelter Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

The objective of this chapter is to create an introduction to all subsequent chapters of the book. This is a description of basics of logistics and logistics management used in every part of the supply chain, in every sector of the regional economies and the global economy. The primary research question to be answered is: What is the role of logistics in creation of the supply chain's success? The answer will allow for presenting logistics as a main element of supply chain management in the current global economic ecosystem. It will be a guideline for the readers about how to think about logistics support for all discussed functional areas of supply chain management mentioned in the following parts of the book.