bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-organized critical characteristics of teraelectronvolt photons from GRB 221009A
Authors: Zhang Wen-Long , Yi Shuang-Xi , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Wang Fa-Yin , Li Cheng-Kui , Xie Sheng-Lun
Published: January 2025

The very high-energy afterglow in GRB 221009A, known as the “brightest of all time” (BOAT), has been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies. In this paper, we conducted a statistical analysis of the waiting time behavior of 172 TeV photons from the BOAT observed by LHAASO-KM2A. The following results were obtained: (I) The waiting time distribution (WTD) of these photons deviates from the exponential distribution. (II) The behavior of these photons exhibits characteristics resembling those of a self-organized critical system, such as a power-law distribution and scale-invariance features in the WTD. The power-law distribution of waiting times is consistent with the prediction of a nonstationary process. (III) The relationship between the power-law slopes of the WTD and the scale-invariant characteristics of the Tsallis q-Gaussian distribution deviates from existing theory. We suggest that this deviation is due to the photons not being completely independent of each other. In summary, the power-law and scale-free characteristics observed in these photons imply a self-organized critical process in the generation of teraelectronvolt photons from GRB 221009A. Based on other relevant research, we propose that the involvement of a partially magnetically dominated component and the continuous energy injection from the central engine can lead to deviations in the generation of teraelectronvolt afterglow from the simple external shock-dominated process, thereby exhibiting the self-organized critical characteristics mentioned above.
Optimal control of third grade fluids with multiplicative noise
Authors: Tahraoui Yassine , Cipriano Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This work aims to control the dynamics of certain non-Newtonian fluids in a bounded domain of ℝd, d = 2, 3 perturbed by a multiplicative Wiener noise, the control acts as a predictable distributed random force, and the goal is to achieve a predefined velocity profile under a minimal cost. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the stochastic state equations, strong solutions are available just locally in time, and the cost functional includes an appropriate stopping time. First, we show the existence of an optimal pair. Then, we show that the solution of the stochastic forward linearized equation coincides with the Gâteaux derivative of the control-to-state mapping, after establishing some stability results. Next, we analyse the backward stochastic adjoint equation; where the uniqueness of solution holds only when d = 2. Finally, we establish a duality relation and deduce the necessary optimality conditions.
Enteral Feeding in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Martinovski Helen , Khanal Luna , Kraft Debra , Natarajan Girija
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to describe feeding outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and compare characteristics and outcomes in groups discharged home on oral, total/partial nasogastric, and gastrostomy tube feedings.

Study Design This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of infants diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE using standard criteria who underwent cooling from January 2017 to June 2022. Data were abstracted from hospital course as well as until 6 months follow-up. Statistical analysis included chi-square test and ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction for between-group comparisons.

Results Among 123 included infants, 95 (77%) fed orally, 11 (9%) required total/partial nasogastric feeds and 17 (14%) had gastrostomy tubes at discharge. A significantly greater proportion of infants with gastrostomy-tube feeds at discharge had intrapartum complications, Apgar scores <5 at 5 and 10 minutes, severe rather than moderate HIE, and seizures. They also had a longer hospital stay, prolonged respiratory support and intubated days, and delayed initiation of feeding. Infants discharged on nasogastric feeds all attained oral feeds at a median (IQR) duration of 54 (6–178) days follow-up. Among the 106 (86%) infants with follow-up data, the gastrostomy group had significantly lower median weight and head circumference centiles compared to the others. Criteria for gavage eligibility were met before discharge in 98 (80%) of the cohort; 42% stayed beyond this benchmark.

Conclusion Earlier identification of eventual gastrostomy tube insertion as well as discharge home on nasogastric feedings may reduce duration of hospitalization in infants with HIE. Our data may provide insights to guide practice improvement for enteral feedings in this population.

Key Points
Anomalously wide phase transitions and current-induced instability of the superconducting state of disordered metallic alloys
Authors: Yartsev S. V. , Prekul A. F. , Volkenshtein N. V.
Published: January 2025

The results of an experimental study of the current-induced instability of the superconducting state {discovered by Yartsev and Prekul, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 12, 249 (1986) [Sov J. Low Temp. Phys. 12, 140 (1986)]} in disordered crystalline and amorphous alloys of transition metals are described. The relationship between this phenomenon and a known anomaly—wide superconducting phase transitions—is discussed.
Kondo and spin-glass effects in copper alloys with 3d elements
Authors: Vedyaev A. V. , Cherenkov V. A.
Published: January 2025

The relationship between the Kondo and spin-glass effects in copper alloys with iron group elements is established. The basic parameters of the interaction in cluster glasses are evaluated in the Suhl-Nagaoka approximation for the Kondo effect.
Low-temperature specific heat of deformed (LiF and KCI) and doped (NaCI: Cu+) alkali halide crystals
Authors: Kvavadze K. A. , Nadareishvili M. M. , Tarkhnishvili L. A.
Published: January 2025

The influence of internal stresses on the low-temperature specific heat of crystals has been studied by a calorimetric method. The internal stresses in the crystals were produced both by deforming pure alkali halide crystals and by introducing a high impurity concentration, which lead to a destruction of the homogeneity and to a separate phase separating out in the matrix. It was foupd that the internal strains associated with a 10% plastic deformation of pure alkali halide crystals were not an appreciable influence on the vibration spectrum, due to the insufficiently high dislocation density. It was established that in the case of doped crystals the form of the impurity distribution and the internal deformations associated with them have an appreciable influence on the thermal characteristics of a crystal.
Ellipticity and rotation of the polarization plane of ultrasound in reflection from the surface of a magnetically polarized metal
Authors: Vlasov K. B. , Yartseva N. S. , Bebenin N. G.
Published: January 2025

The reflection of transverse ultrasonic waves propagating from a dielectric onto a metal occupying the half-space z ≥ 0 in a magnetic field perpendicular to the interface is investigated. It is shown that the ellipticity and rotation of the polarization plane of ultrasound as a function of the magnetic field exhibit resonance characteristics in the interval of doppleron–phonon resonance.
Observation of macroscopic quantum interference in the compound Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4 at T = 60 K
Authors: Verkin B. I. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Dmitriev V. M. , Kozyr’ A. G. , Tsoi G. M. , Shnyrkov V. I.
Published: January 2025

Macroscopic quantum interference has been observed in a statistical system of quantizing loops, formed by the grains of yttrium-based superconducting ceramic.
Choice of the Ashcroft pseudopotential parameter for the calculation of residual electrical resistivity of dilute binary alloys based on normal metals
Authors: Aleksandrov B. N. , Moskalets M. V.
Published: January 2025

The Ashcroft model pseudopotential, which involves only the parameter rc (the radius of an “empty” atomic core), is often used to calculate the value of Δρ/c (the change in the residual electrical resistivity of a metal diluted with 1 at. % impurity). We studied the effect of the parameter rc on (Δρ/c)calc for normal metal-matrices with valence ZM = 1−4 for both the matrix rcM and the impurity rci. Using known data on kF for electrons, we found rcM∗ for 32 elements and the results turned out to be close to the data in the literature. Depending on the position of the element in the periodic table, we observed distinct regularities: rcM∗ increases with the number of the period (for the given group) and increases as the number of the element increases (for the given period). Moreover, the values found for rcM∗ fit perfectly along a straight-line dependence on rs in the form rcM∗=ars+b, where a = 0.48 and b = 0.09 atomic units. The value of a is close to the theoretical value 0.53. The laws previously established (kFrc = 1.00±0.03 and rc = LraZ−1/3, where L = 0.52±0.01 and ra is the atomic radius) are observed with much higher accuracy for the 32 elements. Our studies give reason to hope that the values rc=rcM∗ found can serve as a suitable Aschcroft pseudopotential parameter for the calculation of the residual electrical resistivity of dilute alloys.
Interaction of acoustic waves with electrons on a flat spot of the Fermi surface: II. Excitation of a beam electromagnetic wave in a superconductor
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V. , Stepanenko A. M. , Fil’ V. D.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that sound can be generated by a weakly attenuated electromagnetic wave in a superconductor with a flat spot on the Fermi surface under definite conditions. The phenomenon is manifested experimentally in the occurrence of resonance-type peaks on the temperature dependence of the elastic wave attenuation and velocity near the superconducting transition Tc.
Superconductivity in the La2−xSrxCuO4−y system
Authors: Obolenskii M. A. , Starodub V. A. , Balla D. D. , Bondarenko A. V. , Baumer B. N. , Syus’ko Yu. V. , Vorob’ev V. V.
Published: January 2025

We have determined that the superconducting ceramic La1.825Sr0.175CuO4−y, is biphase based on analysis of the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, the magnetic susceptibility, and the x-ray structure. We also present the analytical temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility.
Study of the momentum relaxation rate and observation of complete-control regime in a two-dimensional system of electrons on a helium surface
Authors: Buntar’ V. A. , Kovdrya Yu. Z. , Grigor’ev V. N. , Monarkha Yu. P. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: January 2025

The momentum relaxation time and the mobility of electrons localized on the surface of liquid helium were studied experimentally in the temperature range 1.4–0.4 K for charge densities of (2.8–12) · 108 cm−2. The measurements were performed by a new method that permits determining uniquely the absolute value of the electron mobility. Comparison of the data obtained with theoretical calculations, carried out in two opposite limits of the ratio of electron–electron and electron–ripplon collision frequencies, shows that for high electron densities ns ∼ 108 cm−2 the complete-control regime is realized in the system of interest.
Structural and electrical properties of the superconducting phase of La2−x,SrxCuO4
Authors: Sukharevskiĭ B. Ya. , Tsybul’skiĭ E. O. , Ksenofontov V. G. , Kovarskiĭ V. L. , Shatalova G. E. , Khokhlova S. I. , Pis’menova N. E. , Zhikharev I. V. , Ruban I. V.
Published: January 2025

A structural phase transition (PT) from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic phase has been found which precedes the appearance of superconductivity in specimens of La2−xSrxCuO4 (x = 0.1–0.3). The PT is close to second order and is evidently produced by a cooperative Jahn–Teller effect. Kinks in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance correspond to the characteristic temperatures for the phase transition.
Specific heat of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 in the temperature range 5–55 K
Authors: Verkin B. I. , Gurevich A. M. , Eropkin V. N. , Gal’chinetskaya Yu. L. , Batrak A. G.
Published: January 2025

We have studied the temperature dependence of the specific heat of a pressed sample of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 in the temperature range from 5–55 K. We observed a bell-shaped anomaly in the specific heat in the region 28–48 K. We attribute it to the superconducting transition. The effect is about 10%, and the change in internal energy due to the effect is 20 J/mole.
Collective excitations in a separated mixture of liquid helium isotopes in a plane-parallel gap
Authors: Sokolov S. S. , Kovdrya Yu. Z.
Published: January 2025

Collective excitations of a separated 3He−4He mixture in a plane-parallel gap are investigated theoretically. The dependence of the dispersion law of the collective modes on the ratio of the thicknesses of the liquid phases is established. The conditions are determined for the stability of uniform phase separation in such a gap. The possible existence of a two-dimensional system of 4He impurity atoms in superfluid 3He near a smooth wall is discussed. The results can be used to investigate the superfluidity of two-dimensional systems.
Inhomogeneous mixed state in superconductors with superlattices
Authors: Minenko E. V. , Sarkisyants T. Z.
Published: January 2025

The properties of vortex structures in superconductors with superlattices in the region of the upper critical field Hc2 are studied. It is shown that in this region a commensurate structure, in which the vortices are located at the minima and maxima of the periodic potential, is realized. When “slip bands” are present in the system, as happens, for example, in the case of one-dimensional superlattices, this leads to singularities in the thermodynamic characteristics (thermodynamic potential, magnetic susceptibility) as a function of the temperature: an oscillatory dependence for ai < ξ (T) (ai are the periods of the superlattice), a jump for a < ξ (T), etc. Similar features should also be observed in the resistance in the flux flow regime.
Weak localization effects in metal layered structures
Authors: Gasparyan V. M.
Published: January 2025

The quantum correction to the conductivity of two interacting films has been studied as a function of the characteristic parameters of the films without a magnetic field and in an external magnetic field normal to the surface of the structures.
Nitrogen-induced filament confinement strategy for implementing reliable resistive switching performance in a-HfOx memristors
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yufei , Yang Shuning , Ma Xiaoyu , Lu Hongbing , Liu Yuebo , Luo Daobin , Wang Youqing , Zhou Jing , Wang Hongjun
Published: January 2025

Hafnium oxide (HfOx) films are highly valued as functional layers in nonvolatile resistive switching (RS) memristors due to their scalability, compatibility with CMOS technology, and high dielectric constant. However, the low reliability of HfOx-based memristors is the key factor hindering their widespread practical applications. Herein, amorphous HfOx (a-HfOx) films are used as the switching layers to construct memristors, and the nitrogen treatment strategy is employed to enhance the switching characteristics. All the fabricated Al/a-HfOx/ITO memristors demonstrate bipolar digital RS behaviors, and specifically, the 500 °C-treated a-HfOx device exhibits highly reliable RS performance, including low cycle-to-cycle variability, concentrated distributions and low operating voltages, long-term retention capacity (>104 s), and good cycle endurance (>200 cycles). The mechanisms and physical models for enhanced switching performance are thoroughly elucidated, revealing that the formation of stable oxygen vacancy–dinitrogen complexes confines the conductive filament path and significantly reduces filament randomness during formation and rupture. This work renders an effective material engineering strategy for widening a path toward designing highly reliable nonvolatile data storage devices with striking switching performances.
Effects of topographical wall patterns on flow through porous media
Authors: Dewangan Mainendra Kumar
Published: January 2025

The present study addresses the flow characteristics of a viscous, incompressible, steady, and Newtonian fluid flow through the undulating microchannel with a porous medium. The flow is governed by the Darcy–Brinkman model with no-slip boundary conditions at walls. The objective of this study is to develop theoretical and computational models for flow parameters that are independent of the permeability of the medium and to extend the scope of previous studies. The lubrication theory is used to determine key flow parameters, such as flow rate, velocity, and wall shear stress, in complex-shaped microchannels. To overcome the limitations of lubrication and boundary perturbation methods, the spectral method is applied to a sinusoidal microchannel. We observe that flow parameters are significantly affected by dimensionless quantities such as pattern amplitude, wavelength, and permeability (κ). The spectral model indicates non-linear flow rate behavior when the permeability is very high (κ≫1) and accurately captures the transition behavior of flow rate in the Darcian flow regime for various wavelengths, unlike other theories. Conversely, for small and large wavelengths with low permeability (κ≪1) at the Stokes flow limit, the flow rate behavior is monotonic. The spectral model demonstrates greater reliability compared to classical lubrication theory, extended lubrication theory, and boundary perturbation methods, especially for large values of the dependent variables. Predictions from the spectral approach closely align with numerical results over a broad range of parameters. A detailed analysis of the influence of various parameters on flow quantities is presented.
Leakage characteristics of high performance unplasticized polyvinyl chloride buried pipeline in urban
Authors: He Zongyuan , Hu Shaowei , Shan Changxi , Pan Fuqu
Published: January 2025

The underground pipeline network is an important infrastructure for urban development and also serves as a “lifeline” project for cities. However, due to various factors such as pipeline aging, construction activities, uneven sand settlement, and external loads, underground pipelines often experience leak, leading to water loss. Studying the leakage characteristics can help evaluate the actual degree of leakage loss within the pipeline network. This article considers the influence of three media—sand, water, and air—on the leakage characteristics of pipelines. Initially, leakage simulation experiments were conducted on three different types of leaking pipelines, each exhibiting different leak shapes. Second, the experimental results were compared and analyzed based on existing theoretical models. Subsequently, the Fluent module of ANSYS software was utilized for finite element analysis, ultimately deriving the theoretical formula for the leakage flow rate. The results showed that pipeline leakage led to the formation of an “inverted-cone” sand-water mixing zone and a “semi-elliptical” erosion pit with cracks in sandy media, causing surface oscillations in water media and the formation of water columns spraying outward in air media. The leakage flow rate increases with increasing pressure, and the order of its values under different leakage forms is axial crack > circular hole > circumferential crack. The International Water Association (IWA) model and the fixed and variable area discharges (FAVADs) model can be used to approximate the calculation of the leakage flow rate. Under identical conditions, the leakage flow rate increases on the order of S1, S2, S3, W, and A with changes in the medium and decreases with an increase in burial depth H. The final deformation of each leakage port in the pipeline is approximately elliptical. The value of m increases approximately linearly with the increase in pipeline outer diameter, approximately exponentially with the increase in leakage port size, and approximately exponentially decreases with the increase in pipeline wall thickness and elastic modulus. The FAVAD model is more consistent with finite element results than both the Torricelli (TOR) model and the IWA model. The improved FAVAD model and the S.S.A model provide ideal and reliable calculation results, which can be applied to calculate the leakage flow rate in buried pipelines.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion and community dynamics of oil-well produced water at different temperatures
Authors: Deng Shuyuan , Wang Bo , Zhang Cenqian , Wang Chenyue , Sun Shanshan , You Qing , Huo Qiqi , She Yuehui , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2025

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a universal issue of significant concern in the petroleum industry, with the potential for enormous economic losses and casualties. This study focused on the effect of temperature on MIC and the corrosion mechanism. The corrosion rate, morphology, corrosion products, and microbial community composition of produced fluid samples from the Zhanjiang oilfield were measured after anaerobic culture at 30 and 60 °C for 14 days. The corrosion rate of the Z1 and Z2 samples decreased with increasing temperature, while the corrosion rate of the Z3 sample changed from light corrosion to heavy corrosion. The Z1 sample was dominated by pitting corrosion, the Z2 sample had a relatively smooth surface, and the Z3 sample was observed to have one dimensional wormhole corrosion at 60 °C. The microbial community composition by 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequence showed that the bacterial communities were dominated by Pseudomonas and Bacillus, and the archaeal communities were mainly composed of Methanothermobacter, Methanosaeta, and Candidatus Nitrosotenuis, which was prevalent in Z3 samples at 60 °C. It suggested that MIC could be caused by extracellular electron transfer and reduction of nitrate or nitrite to N2 and NH4+ by bacteria, and utilization of CO2 to produce CH4 by archaea. Overall, the results of this study can provide comprehensive data and new insights into corrosion management strategies for oil fields.
A dynamic temporal scale equation for hybrid temporal large eddy simulation
Authors: Cai Jiahong , Wang Shengye , Zou Shufan , Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

Hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/large eddy simulation (LES) approaches offer a better balance between accuracy and computational cost for unsteady industrial turbulent flow simulations than LES. However, nonphysical behaviors often arise in the transition zone between RANS and LES. The discrepancy in filtering operators between traditional LES and RANS is a significant factor affecting the blending region. Pruett et al. [Phys. Fluids 15, 2127–2140 (2003)] proposed that the use of a temporal filtering operator can achieve more consistent blending between RANS and LES models. Along with this, a new approach is proposed, which can be seen as an LES with the temporal filter scale width ΔT continuously going to energetic temporal scale τ, and is named dynamic temporal scale large eddy simulation. To avoid numerical stiffness, further, a general root type of τ, τn, is carried out as the work variable to construct the scale transport equation. Through periodic flow and flow around a cylinder, the good performance in addressing separated flows of the proposed approach is demonstrated. Additionally, the simulation of the mixing layer case reveals the potential of proposed approach in addressing the gray area problem.
IFCD: Inverted feature extraction for enhancing curling stone detection
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Zongmin , Li Guanlin , Yang Chaozhi , Bai Yun
Published: January 2025

The movement data of curling targets is of great significance for the analysis and research of curling. However, in real-life curling competitions, the curling volume is limited and easy to be occluded, and the venue background illumination is complicated. To address these challenges, a curling target detection model, IFCD, based on Inverted Feature Extraction Network (IFNet) is proposed. IFNet allocates more resources to deal with high-resolution features without introducing additional computational burdens, thus avoiding feature loss caused by inappropriate downsampling. Moreover, a Dynamic Feature Fusion module is introduced in the Neck network to suppress background interference and reduce the feature confusion. In addition, the parameter-independent Four-Scale Decoupled Detection Head is introduced to reduce the conflict between classification and regression tasks and enhance the model’s multi-scale adaptability. IFCD achieves a 0.974 mAP@.5 (Mean Average Precision) on Curling, a regular curling dataset, and 0.723 mAP@.5 on Curling_hard, a complex curling dataset with numerous occlusions.
Observation of offspring sex ratio in quenda, Isoodon fusciventer
Authors: Dickman Chris R. , Harrison Natasha D.
Published: January 2025

Sex ratios in wild populations of mammals often differ from parity. Here, we describe variation in offspring sex ratios in a population of quenda (Isoodon fusciventer, Marsupialia: Peramelidae), along with observations of maternal body mass and home range size. We evaluate whether the Local Resource Competition (LRC) or Trivers–Willard hypothesis best explains the observed patterns in offspring sex ratio. During the study period, young (small) females over-produced sons, whereas older (larger) females tended to produce more daughters, providing evidence consistent with the LRC hypothesis in this species. There were, however, observed shifts in adult sex ratios compared to previous years. We further discuss the possibility of adaptive sex-ratio adjustment by female quenda to reduce competition with their kin.
Constraining the history of water and climate on Mars through light element stable isotope analysis of volatiles in returned martian samples
Authors: Grady Monica M.
Published: January 2025

Much has been learned about Mars through data returned from space missions and analyses of martian meteorites. There are, however, many questions still outstanding which cannot currently be answered—including the issue of whether there is, or was, life on Mars. The return of a cache of samples—including of the atmosphere—from separate locations in Jezero Crater and with differing petrogeneses will provide the international community with the opportunity to explore part of the evolutionary history of Mars in great detail. Specifically, measurements of the isotopic compositions of the light elements H, C, N, O, Cl, and S can be used to follow how volatile species cycle through the different martian volatile reservoirs (atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, and hydrosphere). Measurement of isotopic fractionation enables inference of the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, water/rock ratio) under which fractionation occurred. Knowing the contextual relationship of the materials to their geological settings, coupled with precise compositional measurements will enable a more thorough understanding of martian volatile history and allow a picture to be constructed of water and climate on Mars as represented at Jezero Crater.
Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools
Authors: Ahituv Hadar , Henry Amanda G. , Melamed Yoel , Goren-Inbar Naama , Bakels Corrie , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Cabanes Dan , Stone Jeffery R. , Rowe Walter F. , Alperson-Afil Nira
Published: January 2025

In contrast to animal foods, wild plants often require long, multistep processing techniques that involve significant cognitive skills and advanced toolkits to perform. These costs are thought to have hindered how hominins used these foods and delayed their adoption into our diets. Through the analysis of starch grains preserved on basalt anvils and percussors, we demonstrate that a wide variety of plants were processed by Middle Pleistocene hominins at the site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov in Israel, at least 780,000 y ago. These results further indicate the advanced cognitive abilities of our early ancestors, including their ability to collect plants from varying distances and from a wide range of habitats and to mechanically process them using percussive tools.
Perceptual confusion of Mandarin coda nasals in societal bilingualism
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Jiajing , Meng Ran , Zhao Xueqin , Cui Jie , Chen Yaping , Wang Lei
Published: January 2025

The perception of L2 Mandarin coda nasals (-n and -ŋ) by L1 Wuxi Wu (with only -n) and L1 Fuqing Min (with only
-ŋ) speakers was investigated. Results of two experiments revealed that the younger generation of both Wuxi and Fuqing speakers
identified Mandarin coda nasals more accurately than the middle-aged generation. The high front vowel /i/ correlated with more
misidentifications of postvocalic nasals than mid and low vowels but the result was confounded with nasal type and age group.
Background noise impacted with the identification of nasal place of articulation but it was also confounded with nasal type and
the L1. These findings shed light on the effects of coarticulation, L1 sound system and language contact on the perception and
acquisition of L2 sounds in societal bilingualism.
Janky or non-fluent?
Authors: Stafford Jemma Louise
Published: January 2025

At a time when China is one of the world’s largest videogame markets, the English translation of some
Chinese-developed videogames is still regarded by some players as inadequate, or “janky”, the term originally used to describe a
technical glitch (Cooper 2018). This preliminary study surveyed localisation
specialists active in Chinese into English (ZH-EN) videogame localisation to probe into their localisation methods and the reasons
behind them, and determine whether localisers indeed used a “janky” translation as the result of lack of experience and training,
or whether it was a deliberate translation decision, as in “non-fluent” translation (Brownlie
2010). The collected data was analysed to investigate the plausibility of the assumption that Chinese-developed
videogames rendered into English sometimes employ marked English, as in China English, to intentionally identify them as
Chinese-made. Results of the explorative small-scale survey of professionals were found to be largely in favour of optimal English
fluency, including the omission of culturally locked elements such as idiomatic phrases, suggesting that “janky”, rather than
“non-fluent”, translation resulted, most likely due to a limited experience and lapses in quality assurance.
The intersection of human capital and linguistic protectionism
Authors: Altay Mehmet
Published: January 2025

English-medium instruction (EMI) continues to grow in prominence in higher education because of its various
advantages for stakeholders regarding improved job prospects, access to current literature, and the internationalisation of
universities. Home to a few of the very first EMI higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide, Türkiye continues to follow this
trend. However, despite numerous benefits of EMI in today’s globalised world, certain subject areas surprisingly lack any EMI
programmes. Approximately 69.1% of all undergraduate programmes are taught in Turkish-medium instruction, while the majority of
the remaining programmes are taught in English. This study aims to establish the reasons why Turkish remains the medium of
instruction (MoI) in some subjects. The investigation was conducted using an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates (1) the
human capital theory of socioeconomics and (2) the linguistic protectionism of sociolinguistics. In semi-structured interviews,
administrative stakeholders indicated that one reason for the lack of interest in pursuing an EMI programme in their subjects is
low demand for EMI graduates in particular sectors. The paper also discusses the implications of adopting theories from other
fields for EMI. Hence, linguistic protectionism, which accounts for an ideological and political wish to protect Turkish as MoI in
this study, was also investigated.
A collaborative autoethnography on English as a medium of instruction
Authors: Hopkyns Sarah , Dillon Anna , Čigoja Piper Danica
Published: January 2025

English-medium instruction (EMI), and more broadly English-medium education (EME), is growing in leaps and bounds
in multilingual university settings globally. Despite the phenomenon of EMI affecting all stakeholders in any given university,
research concerning EMI pedagogical and sociolinguistic issues most often occupies the attention of applied linguists alone. This
study aims to open up research on EMI to include interdisciplinary perspectives from faculty members in the disciplines of applied
linguistics, education and media studies. The study takes the form of a collaborative autoethnography whereby the authors, as
participants, reflect on their experiences and perceptions of EMI in their respective disciplines in the context of higher
education in the United Arab Emirates. Findings revealed both similarities and differences between approaches and experiences of
EMI across disciplines. Drawing on the findings, open sharing and discussion of EMI struggles and triumphs is recommended together
with critical awareness of decolonisation in educationscapes and teacher agency in EMI classrooms.
Exploring dialogism in discourse
Authors: Santulli Francesca
Published: January 2025

The notion of dialogism has been widely explored in both discourse and argumentation studies. Through a combination of these two approaches, dialogism reveals its crucial role as a strategy functional to the positioning of the arguer, determined in contrast with the adversary. The paper investigates this aspect of dialogism, starting from the assumption that both dialogicity and argumentation are pervasive in discourse, and exploring the notion of interdiscourse. The discussion then focuses on polemic discourse, characterized by the impossibility of constructing a common ground, and on dialogic inversion as a strategy entailing the reinterpretation in one’s own terms of concepts and values typical of the adversary. The theoretical points are applied to the analysis of two different examples concerning typical issues of environmental discourse: the formula sustainable development, which belongs to the core lexicon of environmental policies and has been subject to different interpretations and evaluations; the neologism warmist, coined in opposition to denialist and conveying a context of contraposition between two incompatible viewpoints.
Mapping interaction in short-term study abroad
Authors: Brown Bianca
Published: January 2025

The variability of speaking proficiency outcomes in study abroad
(SA) is often thought of as confounding, as conclusions regarding even the most
basic assumptions are not agreed upon. While instruments such as language
contact and social network surveys shed light on target language engagement,
comparisons across studies are often obscured by individual differences, SA
program variability, and differences in study design and instruments.
Qualitative approaches to understanding learners’ contexts for interaction can
provide a fuller picture of what actually occurs during SA. From an
interactionist perspective centering learners’ reflections about their
interactions in journals, this article presents ten university students’
experiences in an eight-week language program in Turkey. The program’s
unstructured nature (no language pledge or homestay) allowed for diverse
interactional patterns to emerge. Findings highlight the central role of service
encounters in providing learner access to speaking opportunities.
Network analyses of student interactions with online textbook problems
Authors: Bruun Jesper , Udby Linda , Jensen Ray Pia
Published: January 2025

Problem-solving in physics and mathematics has been characterised in terms of five phases by Schoenfeld, and these have previously been used to describe also online and blended behaviour. We argue that expanding the use of server logs to make detailed categorisations of student actions can help increase knowledge about how students solve problems. We present a novel approach for analysing server logs that relies on network analysis and principal component analysis. We used the approach to analyse student interactions with an online textbook that features physics problems. We find five ‘components of behavioural structure’: Complexity, Linear Length, Navigation, Mutuality, and Erraticism. Further, we find that problem-solving sessions can be divided into four overarching groups that differ in their Complexity and further into ten clusters that also differ on the other components. Analysing typical sessions in each cluster, we find ten different behavioural structures which we describe in terms of Schoenfeld's phases. We suggest that further research integrates this approach with other methodological approaches to get a fuller picture of how learning strategies are used by students in settings with online features.
Wafer-level chip-scale packaging of MEMS environmental sensors by functionalized porous PowderMEMS® micro-filters
Authors: Behrmann Ole , Kyoushi Niklas , Bodduluri Mani Teja , Lisec Thomas , Schröder Stefan , Gojdka Björn
Published: January 2025

MEMS environmental sensors, including pressure, gas, and humidity sensors, require protection from mechanical damage, particle exposure, and condensing moisture, while maintaining their ability to exchange gases with the environment. This work introduces a novel packaging approach for MEMS environmental sensors using substrate-embedded filters made from microfine powders through PowderMEMS® microfabrication technology. The study demonstrates the successful fabrication of gas permeable, functionalized PowderMEMS® filters on 200 mm Si-wafers for wafer-level packaging of MEMS environmental sensors. Utilizing complete Si-wafers allows for all MEMS sensors on a device wafer to be packaged in a single substrate bonding step, followed by die singulation. The processed wafers are shown to be compatible with high-temperature glass-frit substrate bonding. Alternatively, individual chips with PowderMEMS® filters can be assembled discretely onto standard semiconductor packages to serve as gas-permeable filters. Successful hydrophobation of the inherently hydrophilic PowderMEMS® structures by deposition of hydrophobic nanofilms is demonstrated and resistance to water ingress is evaluated by immersion testing. Given that many MEMS gas sensors are cross-reactive to oxidizing gases like ozone, this study also explores the integration of ozone-degrading catalytic powder into the PowderMEMS® filters. As a proof-of-concept, commercial MEMS ozone sensors are modified with catalytic PowderMEMS® caps, and successful ozone degradation is demonstrated. While PowderMEMS® processing is typically conducted on 200 mm Si-wafers, other suitable substrates include glass and (fiber-reinforced) polymers.
Interfacial breakdown characteristics of XLPE/EPDM double-layer for DC cable terminations with different treatment conditions
Authors: Xing Yunqi , Guo Xu , Kong Fanrong , Pathiraja Kaulya , Wang Yuhuai , Li Jin
Published: January 2025

To investigate how the presence of interface state impacts the DC breakdown at the interface at the terminations of a submarine DC cable, the cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer double-layer samples with two different interface states of direct contact and coating normal silicone oil were prepared. Various temperatures and pressures were controlled to simulate the actual operating environment. The effects of pressure and temperature on the DC Interfacial breakdown characteristics were analyzed. The characteristics of interface charge accumulation and dissipation were studied with different polar voltages stressing. The effects of silicone oil on the interface charge characteristics were discussed by vertical preloading and interface breakdown tests. Results show that the breakdown voltage of the interface coated with silicone oil is much higher than that of the interface without silicone oil. After coating silicone oil, the trap energy level and trap density of the interface decrease, the interface accumulated charge density decreases, and the interface residual charge decays faster. In addition, when the polarity of the residual charge at the interface aligns with that of the needle electrode in terms of consistency, the interface breakdown voltage increases, and vice versa. This paper provides a theoretical basis and innovative insights for the subsequent selection and improvement of silicone fluids to enhance interfacial breakdown performance.
Reinvestigating atomic ordering in

K

0.5

Na

0.5

NbO

3

and its impact on ferroelectric properties
Authors: Tripathi Anuvrat , Tripathi Saurabh
Published: January 2025

In the present work, we reinvestigate the atomic ordering of a Pb-free morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition

v
i
z
.
,

K

0.5

Na

0.5

NbO

3

(KNN50) and its vicinity at various length scales using high-resolution x-ray diffraction and pair distribution function data. We have observed a monoclinic phase (Space Group: Pm) at long/short ranges differing from a very recent report by Saha et al 2024 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
36 425703. Moreover, the ferroelectric (polarization) dominance of short-range ordering (SRO) over long-range ordering (LRO) has been observed and quantified for the very first time using the amplitude of the ferroelectric frozen phonon mode (

Γ
4
−

) (corresponding to the high symmetry cubic phase), thereby structure is linked with ferroelectric (or polarization) property for a widely studied MPB system

v
i
z
.
,

K

x

Na

(
1
−
x
)

NbO

3

(KNNx for x = 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60). Two uniquely identified monoclinic phases has been observed for SRO (

M

SRO

) and LRO (

M

LRO

) for all the compositions. The amplitude of ferroelectric frozen phonon mode (

Γ
4
−

) corresponding to

M

SRO

is significantly higher (

≈

150
%
−
180
%

) than

M

LRO

. A peak is observed in the amplitude of

Γ
4
−

and intensity of prominent Raman peaks (ν
1 and ν
5) for x = 0.50, which is held responsible for high physical properties

v
i
z
.
,

dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric coefficient, remnant polarization, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and many more widely reported in literature for KNN50.
Collective modes in terahertz field response of disordered superconductors
Authors: Li Yantao , Dzero Maxim
Published: January 2025

We consider a problem of nonlinear response to an external electromagnetic radiation in conventional disordered superconductors which contain a small amount of weak magnetic impurities. We focus on the diffusive limit and use Usadel equation to analyze the excitation energy and dispersion relation of the collective modes. We determine the resonant frequency and dispersion of both amplitude (Schmidt–Higgs) and phase (Carlson–Goldman) modes for moderate strength of magnetic scattering. We find that the minimum energy required for the excitation of the both of these modes decreases with an increase in spin-flip scattering. Surprisingly we also find that as a result the Carlson–Goldman mode becomes gapless and as a consequence can only be excited at some finite value of the threshold momentum. We thus discover yet another physical realization of a state with gapped momentum dispersion of one of its collective modes. The value of the threshold momentum is determined by the distance between the two consecutive spin-flip scattering events which, in turn, is proportional to the scattering time between two consecutive scattering events. The amplitude mode is diffusive and becomes strongly suppressed with the increase in spin-flip scattering. Possible ways to experimentally verify our results are also discussed.
Spectral heat flux redistribution upon interfacial transmission
Authors: Cui Haoran , Maranets Theodore , Ma Tengfei , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

In nonmetallic crystals, heat is transported by phonons of different frequencies, each contributing differently to the overall heat flux spectrum. In this study, we demonstrate a significant redistribution of heat flux among phonon frequencies when phonons transmit across the interface between dissimilar solids. This redistribution arises from the natural tendency of phononic heat to re-establish the bulk distribution characteristic of the material through which it propagates. Remarkably, while the heat flux spectra of dissimilar solids are typically distinct in their bulk forms, they can become nearly identical in superlattices or sandwich structures where the layer thicknesses are smaller than the phonon mean free paths. This phenomenon reflects that the redistribution of heat among phonon frequencies to the bulk distribution does not occur instantaneously at the interface, rather it develops over a distance on the order of phonon mean-free-paths.
Applications of Lissajous ellipse fitting technique in phase retrieval: a review
Authors: Dou MengYu , Liu Fengwei , Chen Xiaojun , Wu Yongqian
Published: January 2025

This review paper delves into the advancements of Lissajous ellipse fitting techniques in phase retrieval methods, with a particular focus on their application in phase-shifting interferometry for high-precision measurements. The paper highlights the effectiveness of these techniques in correcting phase extraction errors and their direct application in phase restoration, which have gained prominence for improving accuracy and processing efficiency. Special attention is given to their role in minimizing phase extraction errors and addressing challenges in random phase-shifting interferograms. The review also explores the challenges faced in implementing these techniques, such as noise sensitivity and the need for effective preprocessing methods. The review concludes by summarizing the key contributions of Lissajous calibration techniques to phase retrieval and suggesting future research directions to address existing limitations and further improve their applicability in various industrial and scientific domains.
Local mean decomposition enhanced graph spectrum analysis for condition monitoring of rolling element bearings
Authors: Chen Zixu , Li Ke , Lu Guoliang
Published: January 2025

Early fault detection and diagnosis of rolling element bearings (REBs) is crucial for preventing unexpected machine failures, thereby ensuring operational reliability and lowering maintenance costs. Component signals decomposed by local mean decomposition (LMD) are effective tools for describing non-stationary and nonlinear signals across multiple frequency scales. Inspired by recent advancements in graph modeling, a LMD enhanced graph spectrum analysis approach is proposed for condition monitoring of REBs. Specifically, the component signals decomposed by LMD are utilized as inputs to construct the graph spectrum, through which the degradation characteristics of REB’s health status are extracted based on multi-scale correlation information, and health indicators describing the dynamic characteristics of REBs are obtained. According to the generated health indicator, a null hypothesis testing is conducted for early fault detection. Once an early warning is triggered, subsequent data will be marked as suspicious segments. The graph spectrum will be further used to provide discriminative features, and fault identification for suspicious segments will be achieved using k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). By constructing multi-scale graph spectrum, the proposed approach effectively captures the degradation information of REBs while enabling precise fault characterization, providing a unified framework for early fault detection and fault identification. Experiments for fault detection and diagnosis are conducted using the XJTU-SY and CWRU datasets. Comparative studies with state-of-the-art methods are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.