bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eurasian Component in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Belarus, 1991-2021
Authors: Tsikhamirau Aliaksandr V.
Published: April 2022

The article discloses the essence and features of the Eurasian component in the foreign policy of the Republic of Belarus. The scientific novelty of the article lies in revealing the role and place of the Eurasian component in the foreign policy strategy of the Belarusian state at two levels - the Eurasian space as a whole and individual states belonging to this space. Using the tools of neoclassical realism, linking the implementation of the foreign policy process with the state of development of the state, and the theory of foreign policy analysis, the author comes to the conclusion about the increasing importance of the Eurasian component in the foreign policy of Belarus in the second half of the 1990s and the first two decades of the 21st century. According to the author, the course for the development of cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Eurasian states was predetermined by its economic interests, although a certain role in its implementation was played by political guidelines of the Belarusian leadership (maintaining stability in the Belarusian state, reinforcing the thesis of the effectiveness of a multi-vector foreign policy, expanding the range of communication in the world arena). A specific feature of the Belarusian Eurasian policy was the absence of a fundamental conceptualization of actions in this direction and the prevalence of situational solutions in building relations with individual Eurasian states. Until the early 2020s, the Eurasian region was considered by the Belarusian authorities and experts mainly in functional and geographical terms, without being perceived as a distinctive civilizational association. At the current stage of development of the Belarusian state, its key partners in Eurasia are Russia, relations with which are being built within the framework of integration associations (the Union State, the EAEU, the CSTO), and China, which is promoting the Belt and Road initiative. However, conceptually, the issue of Belarus geostrategic positioning in Eurasia still needs to be finalized.
Comparative Analysis of the EAEU and the EU Common Labour Markets
Authors: Rakhimov Kubatbek Kalyevich , Azizova Akbermet Bakytovna
Published: April 2022

The embodiment of the pragmatic school of the 100 years old Eurasianism movement - the Eurasian Economic Union - took inspiration from the European Union to create a single internal market. Hence, the EU and the EAEU both aim to liberalize economic relations between their member states despite their fundamentally distinct histories and development levels. Both unions have achieved some degree of success in establishing the common labour market. As the integration process continues in the context of the global pandemic there are new barriers to abolish. This article examines the European Union (EU) and Eurasian Economic Unions (EAEU) major accomplishments and challenges in establishing a single labour market. The research used a systematic approach to outline two regional labour markets policy context and mechanisms. Comparative analysis is used to highlight the similarities and differences of the EAEU and EUs practice and current challenges in the framework of the single labour market. We found that despite the similar concept and legal basis the practice of a common labour market is distinctive. We have identified the similarities and differences in challenges the unions are facing currently. They vary from individual to global, including linguistic and cultural barriers, skill gaps, aging population, socioeconomic inequalities, etc. We conclude that the ongoing global pandemic has exposed and further aggravated the existing problems for both unions, which requires revisiting and enhancing the legal basis and creating more favorable conditions for migrants, for instance, better social protection.
Mindfulness in Intercultural Communication: A Qualitative Analysis Experience
Authors: Tkachenko Natalya V. , Khukhlaev Oleg E.
Published: April 2022

The study of intercultural communication has recently become one of the topical issues in the psychology of intergroup relations, intercultural communication and social psychology. Intercultural communication is considered within the framework of communication theory and describes the features and mechanisms underlying effective communication. The integrative communication model, previously described by the authors of this article, made it necessary to test the role of mindfulness in intercultural communication. The aim of this research is to analyze the contribution of mindfulness to the situation of intercultural interaction using qualitative research methods. The research was carried out based on the theoretical model of interpersonal mindfulness described at the following levels: (1) concentration on the present, presence; (2) attentive awareness of both oneself and the other; (3) acceptance of the other without condemnation, and (4) inhibition of automatic responses. Using the method of in-depth interviews and subsequent thematic and phenomenological data analysis, the authors were able to describe the mechanisms of mindfulness in intercultural communication in general and at each of the four analytical levels separately. The data obtained as a result of the analysis made it possible to reveal the content of each of the levels of mindfulness. Conclusions were also made about the content of the goals and values of intercultural communication, the motives for specific practices in the life and communication of informants. Methods for controlling reactivity in a situation of uncertainty in intercultural communication were analyzed and the roles of attitudes towards accepting the other without condemnation were described. The results of this study can serve as a basis for the development of an integrative model that will describe the role of anxiety and uncertainty in intercultural communication and allow the data to be operationalized into measuring scales for quantitative research in the field of assessing the role of mindfulness in intercultural communication.
Adaptation of R. Schwarzer’s Proactive Attitudes Scale: Validation and Psychometric Testing on a Sample of Russian Youth
Authors: Bekhter Anna A. , Filatova Olesya A.
Published: April 2022

The relevance of studying proactive coping and proactive attitudes in early adulthood is determined by the fact that planning the future and predicting difficult situations are important skills for an adult. In theoretical terms, our study is based on R. Schwarzers approach to proactive coping and proactive attitudes as well as the research work of Russian authors on creating and adapting methods for studying proactive coping (E.P. Belinskaya, A.I. Erzin, E.S. Starchenkova, T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, and others). The purpose of the study was to describe the psychometric indicators of The Proactive Attitudes Scale by R. Schwarzer on a sample of Russian university students. The research objectives were as follows: (1) to make an adequate translation of the original version of the scale; (2) to determine the factor structure of the scale and evaluate its internal consistency and discriminativity; and (3) to estimate the test-retest reliability and validity of the scale as well as the average indicators for the period of early adulthood. The following research methods were involved: the construct validity was examined using A. Erzins Proactive Behavior Technique and R. Schwarzers Self-Efficacy Scale; the external validity was assessed using the Proactive Coping Behavior Technique (adapted by E.P. Belinskaya et al.), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (adapted by A. Syrtsova et al.) and Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire (adapted by T.L. Kryukova et al.). The sample consisted of 467 people aged 20-25 (312 women and 155 men). The main study (for scale standardization and validation) involved 400 respondents (272 women and 128 men); 67 respondents participated in the second survey (after 2 and 4 weeks). The study was conducted online in Google Forms. An exploratory factor analysis made it possible to single out the one-dimensionality of the scale (the Possibility of Independent Choice factor) and its acceptable internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha coefficient, = 0.78). The indicators of test-retest reliability and discrimination were satisfactory. The scale showed acceptable external and construct validity, the average values on the scale were highlighted, and gender differences were presented. The Proactive Attitudes Scale has the necessary psychometric characteristics and can be used for express diagnostics of young people.
Growing Infantilism in Modern Adolescents and Young People: Symptoms and Causes
Authors: Mikhailova Olga B. , Gutvajn Nikoleta
Published: April 2022

In the 21st century, in the era of growing infantilism, one of the important tasks of modern psychology and pedagogy is to solve the problem of educating and developing the responsibility of adolescents and young people. There are various hypotheses about the emergence of infantilism and irresponsibility and their manifestations in childhood and adulthood. The strength of society is the strength of individuals who make it up; therefore, in modern science it is important to identify the causes of social infantilism and introduce technologies for its prevention and correction. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, the authors consider the dominant symptoms of infantilism (irresponsibility, mental discomfort, loneliness, sexual behavior disorders, narcissism and gender chauvinism) as well as their manifestations in different age periods. According to the authors, the main reasons for the development of infantilism in adolescents and young people are as follows: (1) the lack of collective education and the low influence of teachers, psychologists and the educational environment as a whole on the personality development; (2) the pronounced style of pedagogy of freedom, provoking the development of egoism; (3) the delegation of responsibility for education exclusively to the family in the absence of psychological and pedagogical support for family relations; (4) the deformed model of family relations against the background of falling birth rates, shifting gender roles and family values. To prevent and correct infantilism among adolescents and young people, specialists in the field of modern education need to carry out systematic diagnostic work with families and pay close attention to the introduction of practical technologies for the prevention of irresponsible behavior among younger schoolchildren and adolescents. In addition, it is necessary to introduce psychological and pedagogical education of the younger generation on the issues of personal self-development, self-education and self-fulfilment.
Activity of Muscovites in the Urban Environment: The Role of the Responsibility Factor
Authors: Emelyanova Tatyana P. , Drobysheva Tatyana V. , Vikentieva Eva N. , Tarasov Semyon V.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the role of responsibility of residents of a metropolis as a resource for their social activity aimed at ensuring the well-being of the urban environment. This problem is investigated by the authors on the example of Moscow residents. The study involved Muscovites (N = 359) aged 18-75 living in different administrative districts of the city. The following methods were used: questionnaires composed by the authors to identify the type of responsibility of the citizens and their readiness for active participation in the life of the city; value orientation technique by E.B. Fantalova; and set of questions about socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The first stage consisted in (1) dividing the respondents into three groups according to different levels of responsibility; (2) determining the direction of responsibility in these groups; (3) identifying the relationship between value orientations and indicators of responsibility; and (4) describing the readiness of the respondents with different levels of responsibility to take an active part in the life of their city. At the second stage, based on the data of regression analysis, the authors show the role of responsibility as a predictor of the activity of the respondents to improve living conditions in their city. It is found that the levels of responsibility for what is happening in their city in the three groups of the respondents differ mainly in the severity of their internal/external judgments or their pessimistic/optimistic moods regarding belief in their own strengths, willingness of other people to support initiatives, and positive/negative expectations of changes in urban life, subject to the active participation of all citizens in any transformations or events. Based on the results of the age analysis of the sample, it is concluded that young people are poorly represented in the group with a high level of responsibility. Prospects for further research are also outlined.
Foreign economic relations between Russia and Egypt in the agricultural sphere: Problems and prospects of development[54]
Authors: Al-Hamati Mohammed Abduljalil
Published: April 2022

Nowadays Russia is actively developing economic cooperation with the African continent states. The article presents an analysis of trade and economic relations between Russia and Egypt. The Arab Republic of Egypt is a strategic partner of Russia in mutual trade in agricultural products and food in North Africa and the Middle East. The country is a major food importer and is a promising market for increasing the supply of agricultural products from Russia. The authors analyze: the dynamics of trade turnover in food products and agricultural raw materials between two countries; the commodity structure of exports and imports; Egypts place in Russian exports and imports of agricultural raw materials and food. The importance of the markets of the analyzed countries for mutual supplies is under authors consideration. The possibilities of development are analyzed and the problems and prospects of expanding investment cooperation between these countries in the field of agriculture are identified. The significance of the opening of the Russian Industrial Zone in Egypt for deepening trade and investment ties in the agro-industrial business is proved.
Trade strategy of European Union and the impact of EU-South Korea FTA
Authors: Woosik Yu , Han-Sol Lee
Published: April 2022

When the global financial erupted, European Union (EU) had suffered from unprecedented economic downturn. Unemployment soared and consumption declined, causing negative effects on Europes per capita income growth. EU then started to realize the need for the utilization of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), to alleviate the low growth trend of European economy. As the first initiative of EU Global Strategy, which was intended to significantly expand EUs export markets to offshore countries through FTAs, South Korea was selected as one of the first targets. After eight rounds of FTA negotiations started from 2006, FTA between EU and South Korea came into effect in 2011. Using UN Comtrades export and import data from 2000 to 2017, this paper discusses about changes in trade patterns of EU and South Korea before and after the EU-South Korea FTA, and empirically analyzes the impact of EU-South Korea FTA. The results of our regression models show that the FTA indeed has positive effects on growth of both trade volume and trade share in the world, between South Korea and the EU, with significance. The fact that there were increases not only in commodity trade, but also in service goods trade and foreign direct investment suggests that the virtuous cycle of EU-South Korea FTA can expand to related areas. Furthermore, as South Korea is East Asias FTA-centered country which signed FTAs with both US and China, the two largest economies in the world, the indirect benefits from the EU-South Korea FTA will become greater for the EU. This advantage is expected to help creating a virtuous cycle that induces economic growth of EU through increases in trade, productivity, and job creation.
Extension of Relative-Risk Power Estimator under Dependent Random Censored Data
Authors: Abdushukurov A. A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the considered problem consists in estimation of conditional survival function by right random censoring model in the presence of a covariate. We propose a new estimator of conditional survival function which is extension of relative-risk power estimator of independent censoring and study its large sample properties. We present result of asymptotic normality with the same limiting Gaussian process as for copula-graphic estimator.
Local and 2-Local Derivations of Locally Simple Lie Algebras
Authors: Ayupov Sh. A. , Kudaybergenov K. M. , Yusupov B. T.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study a two-state Hard-Core (HC) model with activity λ0{\lambda >0} on a Cayley tree of order k ≥2{k  \ge 2}. It is known that there are λcr{\lambda_{cr}}, λcr0{\lambda_{cr}^0} and λcr'{\lambda_{cr}^'} such that

for λ≤λcr{\lambda \le \lambda_{cr}} this model has a unique Gibbs measure λ0{\lambda >0}, which is translation invariant. The measure λ0{\lambda >0} is extreme for λλcr0{\lambda < \lambda_{cr}^0} and not extreme for λλcr'{\lambda > \lambda_{cr}^'};

for λλcr{\lambda > \lambda_{cr}} there exist exactly three 2-periodic Gibbs measures, one of which is μ*{\mu^*}, the other two are not translation-invariant and are always extreme.

The extremity of these periodic measures was proved using the maximality and minimality of the corresponding solutions of some equation, which ensures the consistency of these measures. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the known Gibbs measures for the HC-model and an alternative proof of the extremity of 2-periodic measures for k=2,3{k = 2 , 3}. Our proof is based on the tree reconstruction method.
“Language thinking” from the perspective of systemic linguistics
Authors: Bakhtikireeva Uldanai M. , Valentinova Olga I.
Published: April 2022

Systemic Linguistics by Gennadii P. Melnikov, representing the interaction of linguistics and philosophy, is a system of established scholarly knowledge. An evidence-based system of knowledge that rationally certifies Melnikov's results is reflected, in particular, in the systemic typology of languages as a subfield of systemic linguistics. Like systemic linguistics in general, systemic typology of languages has not yet been sufficiently subjected to scholarly reflection. The goal of the article is to expand the scholarly discourse on the systemic approach to language. The authors focus their attention on the explanatory potential of systemic linguistics in the study of the features of thought expression in the agglutinative Kazakh language and the problem of its conveyance by means of the inflectional Russian language. The data were obtained from everyday communication, the Kazakh-Russian dictionary (2008), samples from the Kazakh-language works by Auezov, Shakhanov, Korgasbek, Suleimenov among others, and their translations into Russian. The article aims to reveal the features of dividing sense into meanings in typologically different languages. The findings substantiated and verified the provision that in typologically different languages the division of sense into meanings differs and, depending on a meaning, may be expressed by a one-word nomination or cognomination. The study has revealed the ability of an inflectional language to convey the static character of an agglutinative language and to transform this staticity into eventfulness, depending on the purpose of communication. Thus, the research has proved that the same mental content is conveyed by different means developed in languages of different morphological types.
Viktor I. Shakhovskii: The father of Emotive Linguistics in Russia
Authors: Editorial board -
Published: April 2022

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Investigating And Analyzing Barriers To Internet Of Things (IoT) Acceptance In The Supply Chain Of The Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Radmanesh Ramin
Published: April 2022

The present article aims to investigate and analyze the barriers to IoT acceptance in the supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry. The method of data collection is library studies and the method of data collection is field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the experts includes two groups of 25 people for screening and 6 people for specialized and final solutions of the model. Obstacles were identified by reviewing the theoretical research literature and then screened by fuzzy Delphi method. To analyze the data, a multi-criteria decision-making method was performed in a triangular fuzzy manner due to the ambiguity in answering the questionnaires. Fuzzy DEMATEL method was used to determine the relationships between barriers and Network Analysis Process (ANP) method was used to weigh and prioritize barriers and MAIRCA, F. MAIRCA, F. MOORA, WASPAS methods were used to rank barrier overcoming strategies. According to experts, six main barriers were identified, including environmental barriers, economic barriers, technical barriers, supply chain barriers, organizational barriers, and facility barriers. Among the main barriers, environmental barriers are the first effective barriers and with an intensity of 0.15 on organizational barriers, with an intensity of 0.13 on facility barriers, and with an intensity of 0.20 on technical barriers, and with an intensity of 0.16 on barriers. Economic, and with an effect intensity of 0.21 on supply chain barriers The results of data analysis through questionnaires and solutions with EXCEL software showed that environmental barriers affect other barriers and supply chain barriers affect the identified barriers. Also, the solution by F. ANP method showed that the most weight is related to the obstacles of "lack of financial investment" and gained the first priority. Also, the solution of "formulating an effective supply chain management strategy" has won the first place.
Antioxidant Potential, Acute Toxicity Profile and Bioavailability Studies of Water Soluble Analogue of Curcumin
Authors: Haneef Dr. Mohammad , Budhiraja Mr. Viney , Budhiraja Mr. Paras
Published: April 2022

Curcumin, a bright yellow colored phytochemical is the principal and active ingredient - curcuminoids present in the plant Curcuma longa which belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. Curcumin has said to be metabolized in intestine and liver and metabolizes to form glucuronide and sulfate conjugate thus exhibiting its restricted oral bioavailability. It has been studied till Phase-II clinical study, but its bioavailability is still an issue (Biological Classification System-IV {BCS-Class-IV}). Nonetheless, curcumin can be successfully formulated for oral administration, but care needs to be taken with formulation design to ensure consistent bioavailability. There are numerous studies in support of excellent antioxidant activity, safe toxicity profile and bioavailability of conventional and modulated curcumin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant potential, acute toxicity profile and bioavailability of water soluble part of curcumin. Objective of research is to determine the antioxidant potential and acute toxicity of aqueous soluble part of curcumin .
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL SERVICES EXPORTS TO INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN A PANDEMIC: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors:   Ростовский государственный экономический университет (РИНХ), Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Виктория Андреевна Бондаренко , Наталия Витовна Пржедецкая ,   Ростовский государственный экономический университет (РИНХ), Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Юрий Валентинович Пржедецкий ,   Национальный медицинский центр онкологии Минздрава России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: April 2022

The article examines the international experience of exporting medical services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies its contribution to international competitiveness in 2020 and substantiates the need for its development in Russia, and also provides recommendations for managing the development of medical services exports in 2021-2022 for maximizing its contribution to international competitiveness. The work uses the statistics of international competitiveness of healthcare due to the creation of new markets for medical services "of tomorrow". Regression analysis proves that the export of medical services makes a moderate but significant contribution to the international competitiveness of healthcare by creating new markets for medical services of tomorrow in a pandemic. The control value of increasing the export of medical services in the long term has been determined, which allows to form the markets of medical services of "tomorrow", to bring health care to a fundamentally new level and strategically ensure a successful fight against the future threat around the world.
The impact of the governance code on the management of results of listed companies in the emerging market
Authors: Daidai Fouad , Tamnine Larbi
Published: April 2022

Good governance should contribute to improving the company’s performance by providing the board of directors with the opportunity to ensure that it acts in the best interests of the shareholders (Fan, Radhakrishnan, & Zhang, 2021). Governance codes, composed of a set of voluntary recommendations, have been developed throughout the world. To date, the question of their effectiveness remains largely open and debated in the international context, and in Morocco in particular. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of compliance with a governance code on performance management practices in Morocco. In particular, it explores whether there is an impact of the corporate governance code via a compliance score on performance management (sales manipulation, abnormal production costs and discretionary expenditure manipulation). This paper uses a panel of data from 54 listed Moroccan non-financial firms from 2013 to 2020. The results of the study show that listed firms have gradually increased their compliance with the code. It appears that some of the code’s recommendations are more effective in managing results Furthermore, code compliance and the evolution of code compliance are negatively associated with accounting management and actual earnings management. The code’s provisions on the management board and specialised committees seem to limit the management of results. These results seem to confirm the positive impact of the governance code on the quality of accounting results.
Translation of hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn for pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: MATHUR RAJANI , Sharma Prateek , Nair Jayachandran , Sinh Anurag , Chauhan Shivangi , Sharma Hanuman , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Das Ujjwalkumar , Asthana Shailendra , Srivastava Mitul , Tripathi Ruchi
Published: April 2022

To develop hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Psidium guajava L.
(Myrtaceae), identify novel target and lead compound for pediatric non
alcoholic fatty liver disease (ped-NAFLD). Hydroethanolic extract
(PG-HM) and sequential fractions of locally collected leaves of
P.guajava were prepared and standardized for quercetin content using
LC-MS/MS. The effect of PG-HM on markers of ped-NAFLD in weaned rats
with unrestricted access to liquid fructose (15%) till puberty and
early adulthood, was evaluated. The PG-HM was investigated using 1)
HepG2 cells grown in fructose containing medium for intercellular
signalling, 2) isolated murine hepatocytes for mitochondrial effects, 3)
jejunum isolated from fructose drinking rats for effect on ex vivo
fructose transport, 4) molecular dynamics for in silico binding of
quercetin with GLUT5, 5) normal rats for oral pharmacokinetics. The
quercetin content in PG-HM was 3630.66 ± 17.61 ng ml-1 and the Cmax and
Tmax were 140.527 ± 5.718 ng ml-1 and 0.75 ± 0.079 h, respectively. The
PG-HM mitigated ped-NAFLD through hepatic signalling pathways of 1)
leptin-insulin (Akt/FOX-O1/SREBP-1c), 2) hypoxia-inflammation
(HIF-1ɑ/VEGF, TNF-ɑ), 3) mitochondrial function (complexes I-V), 4)
oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, SOD) and 5) glycolysis/gluconeogenesis/de
novo lipogenesis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, ketohexokinase,
aldehyde dehydrogenase). For the first time, the PG-HM is reported to
reduce and delay the fructose transport across jejunum that may be
implicated to the binding of quercetin with GLUT5. For prevention and
treatment of ped-NAFLD, the PG-HM, GLUT5 and quercetin are evidenced as
dietary supplement, drug target and lead compound, respectively.
Research Progress and Synthesis Methods of Deuterated Drugs
Authors: Xu XiaoLiang , Rao Guo-Wu , Zhang Wen
Published: April 2022

Many drugs have adverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretory (ADME) properties that prevent their widespread use or limit
their use in some indications. In addition to preparation techniques and
prodrug strategies, deuterium modification is a viable method for
improving ADME properties. Deuteriated drugs have attracted increasing
attention from the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. To date, two
deuterated drugs have been approved by the FDA. In 2017, austedo was
approved by the FDA as a new drug for huntington’s disease in the United
States, which is the first deuterium drug to be marketed in the world.
Recently (June 9, 2021), donafinil is listed in China, this result has
caused major pharmaceutical companies and the pharmaceutical industry to
pay attention to deuterium technology again. In addition, BMS-986165,
RT001, ALK-001, HC-1119, AVP-786 and other drugs are in phase Ⅲ clinical
studies, and some deuterium solid compounds have entered phase I and
Ⅱclinical trials. At present, deuterium strategy has been widely used in
pharmaceutical research, and has become a hot spot in pharmaceutical
research in recent years.In this paper, the research and development of
deuterated drugs are reviewed, and the influence of deuterium
modification on drugs, the advantages of deuterium strategies and the
synthesis strategies of deuterated drugs are mainly introduced. Hope to
provide reference for clinical application, discovery of new deuterium
chemical entities and research and development of new deuterated drugs.
Performance of the Intergrowth-21st and World Health Organization fetal growth charts for the detection of small for gestational age neonates in a population from Latin America
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Maestre Natalia , Paternina Angel , Parra-Saavedra Miguel , Caradeux Javier , Sepulveda-Martinez Alvaro , Pelaez Melisa , Torrres Andrés , Parra-Cordero Mauro , Diaz Pilar , Gallo Dahiana , Santacruz Dario , Rodriguez Nicolás , Sarmiento Andres , Benavides Jesus , Girado Sergio , Rojas-Suarez Jose , Gratacos Eduard , Figueras Francesc
Published: April 2022

Objective: To evaluate the performance of INTERGROWTH-21st and World
Health Organization (WHO) fetal growth charts to identify
small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR)
neonates as well as their specific risks for adverse neonatal outcomes.
Design: Multicenter cross-sectional study. Setting: Ten maternity units
across four Latin American countries, 2016-2018. Population: 67,968
singleton live births. Methods: According to each standard, the neonates
were classified as SGA and FGR (birthweight <10th and
<3rd centiles, respectively). Main Outcomes Measures: The
relative risk (RR) and diagnostic performance for the occurrence of a
low Apgar score and low ponderal index were calculated for each
standard. Results: The WHO charts identified more neonates as SGA than
IG-21st (13.9% vs. 7%, respectively). 6.9% babies were considered SGA
only by the WHO chart. Compared to normally grown babies, neonates
classified as FGRs by both standards had the highest RR for a low Apgar
(RR: 5.57; 95% CI: 3.99–7.78), followed by those SGA by both curves
(RR: 3.27; 95% CI: 2.52–4.24), while SGAs identified by WHO alone did
not have an additional risk (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.55–1.39).
Furthermore, the diagnostic odds ratio for a low Apgar was higher when
INTERGROWTH-21st was used than when SGA and FGR were defined by WHO
charts. Conclusions: In a large population of singleton deliveries from
Latin America, the WHO fetal growth charts seem to identify
significantly more SGA neonates than the INTERGROWTH-21st charts, but
the diagnostic performance of the latter for low Apgar score and low
ponderal index is better.
Fatigue Life Analysis of Key Components of CT601-8 Operating Mechanism Based on Local Stress-strain Method
Authors: Zhu Ye , Wu Ben , Ding Gengxin , Song Guangmin , Wu Jianda
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to calculate the fatigue life
of the key components of CT601-8 operating mechanism affected by the
impact loading at high crash rate, a modified local stress-strain method
is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the stress-time curve of
roller pin shaft can not be measured in the impact process, the static
simulation of the whole model is carried out. Then combined with the
display dynamic LS-DYNA numerical calculation, the stress dynamic
changes of key parts are obtained. Last by comparing the measured data
with the simulation results and according to the modified Manson-Coffin
formula, the model for calculating the impact-fatigue life is obtained.
The results show that the stress concentration part of roller and door
lock slab is the same as the failure zone of parts in the actual test
process, and the equivalent stress of door lock slab is similar to the
simulation results with the relative error of 18.27%. The fatigue life
obtained by the modified local stress-strain method is 1862 times,
12.3% different from the actual life. The simulation results have
important reference value for the calculation of the fatigue life of
this type of spring operating mechanism.      Key words:
Adenosinergic Axis and Immune Checkpoint Combination Therapy in Tumor：A New Perspective for Immunotherapy Strategy
Authors: Fu Rong , Liu Zhaoyun , Liu Xiaohan , Shen Hongli , Xu Xintong , Zhao Xianghong
Published: April 2022

Tumor cells escape anti-tumor immune response in various ways, including
functionally shaping the microenvironment through secretion of various
chemokines, cytokines, etc. Adenosine is a powerful immunosuppressive
metabolite, which is frequently found to be elevated in the
extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, it has been proposed
as a novel antitumor immunoassay to target adenosine generating enzymes
such as CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptors in recent years. The
discovery of the immune checkpoint such as programmed cell death 1(PD-1)
and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have also greatly changed
the treatment methods and ideas of malignant tumors. The idea of
malignant tumor immunotherapy has been developed from point-to-point
therapy targeting immune checkpoint to combine different points of
different pathway to create a kind of therapy based on macroscopic
immune regulatory system network. This article reviews the theoretical
basis of adenosine energy axis and immune checkpoint combined therapy
for malignant tumors and the latest advances in malignant tumors.
Overexpression of FERONIA receptor-like kinase MdMRLK2 enhances apple cold tolerance by modulating cell wall components, osmotic adjustment substances and anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Pei Tingting , Li Chunrong , Wang Duanni , Wang Qi , Li Pengmin , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang
Published: April 2022

Cold stress is the main abiotic stress in temperate fruit crops,
affecting the yield and fruit quality of apple in China and European
countries. The plant receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in abiotic
stresses. However, little is known about its function in apple cold
resistance. In this study, the apple FERONIA receptor-like kinase
encoding gene MdMRLK2 was rapidly induced by cold treatment.
MdMRLK2 overexpression apple plants showed enhanced cold
resistance relative to wild-type. Further analyses indicated that, under
cold condition, MdMRLK2 overexpression apple plants had i)
reduced activities of polygalacturonase, pectinate lyase, pectinesterase
and cellulase; ii) higher contents of water insoluble pectin, lignin,
cellulose and hemicellulose; iii) more soluble sugars and free amino
acids accumulation; iv) reduced photosystem damage. Intriguingly,
MdMRLK2 interacted with MdMYBPA1 and promoted its binding to
MdANS and MdUFGT promoters, leading to increased
anthocyanin biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings unveiled a novel
function of apple FERONIA MdMRLK2 in regulating cold resistance.
Experimental evolution of a pheromone signal
Authors: Blankers Thomas , Fruitet Elise , Burdfield-Steel Emily R. , Groot Astrid
Published: April 2022

Sexual signals are important in speciation, but understanding their
evolution is complex as these signals are often composed of multiple,
genetically interdependent components. To understand how signals evolve,
we thus need to consider selection responses in multiple components and
account for the genetic correlations among components. One intriguing
possibility is that selection changes the genetic covariance structure
of a multicomponent signal in a way that facilitates a response to
selection. However, this hypothesis remains largely untested
empirically. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary response of
the multicomponent female sex pheromone blend of the moth Heliothis
subflexa to 10 generations of artificial selection. We observed a
selection response of about 3/4s of a phenotypic standard deviation in
the components under selection. Interestingly, other pheromone
components that are biochemically and genetically linked to the
components under selection did not change. We also found that after the
onset of selection, the genetic covariance structure diverged, resulting
in the disassociation of components under selection and components not
under selection across the first two genetic principle components. Our
findings provide rare empirical support for an intriguing mechanism by
which a sexual signal can respond to selection without possible
constraints from indirect selection responses.
Crop raiding behaviors of the Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) and the Vervet monkey (Chlorocebu spygerythrus) in southern Ethiopia: implications for primate conservation and agricultural loss mitigation
Authors: Samuel Senait , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu
Published: April 2022

Species and subspecies of primates occur in different parts of Ethiopia,
and some of them are successful crop raiders. The study aimed to
investigate the population status of the Anubis baboon (Papio anubis)
and Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and crop raiding activities
in southern Ethiopia. The data was collected through direct observation
of 14 transects during both the dry and wet seasons. The information on
the impact of the primates on the local farmers was collected via a
questionnaire survey. A non-parametric chi-square test was used to
compare the seasonal variations in species composition and abundance of
individuals among the habitats. There was no significant relationship
between Chlorocebus pygerythrus (χ2 = 0.437, df = 1, p >
0.05) and Papio anubis population size during the wet and dry seasons in
either habitat type (χ2 = 0.013, df = 1, p > 0.05). Most of
the Papio anubis and Chlorocebus pygerythrus were recorded at the
sub-adult stage in both habitats. The highest crop-damage record by the
Papio anubis was at the ripened stage, whereas that by Chlorocebus
pygerythrus was at the flowering stage. The least damage recorded by
both Papio anubis and Chlorocebus pygerythrus was at the seedling stage.
The annual loss of the maize crop by the primates was estimated at
approximately $297. Watching and chasing were the most popular methods
of primate crop loss mitigation. There is a need for effective forest
management and the formulation of conservation strategies to maintain
primate status and to minimize crop loss.
Follow in Footsteps: The First CPAs of 1896–1897 and Accounting Occupation Adoption by the Next Generation
Authors: Roberts Diane H.
Published: April 2022

The first CPA legislation in America was passed by New York State in 1896. This paper examines the identity and characteristics of the first group of men that earned CPA certificates, and then traces the careers pursued by their progeny. The firms led by the first CPAs were congregated in New York's financial district and near City Hall, and included precursors of the Big 8 firms that dominated the profession during the 1970s and 1980s. The extent to which the first CPAs' occupation was transferred to their offspring was examined next, using record linkage methodology. The analysis showed that many offspring of the initial group of CPAs pursued careers in accounting, business, or law, although this occupation transfer was gendered, since only sons became CPAs. Thriving occupations are passed on to the next generation and the success of CPA children is an indicator that the accounting profession was successful.
Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Evolving Profile of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Far Ouest of Algeria
Authors: BB Zahira
Published: April 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is rare conditions related to occlusions of isolated dural sinuses or occlusions of cortical veins. They are characterized by their clinical and radiological polymorphism. 1.1. Methods: Our work is a descriptive (between January 2010 to December 2015). We collected 96 patients, all over the age of 18 years, for which we studied the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical presentations, and evolution outcomes. 1.2. Results: The average age in our study was 36.65 ± 6.1years with predominance in females (sex ratio 0,1 Clinical presentation was sub-acute in 73,9% of all cases. CIH syndrome was the most common presenting symptom (51,1% and focal symptoms in 25% of cases. Thrombosis was mainly located at the superior sagittal sinus (44,8%) followed by the lateral sinus (20,8%). Cerebral CT scan showed hemorrhagic venous infarction (73,9%). Identified causes were polymorphic and associated, dominated by post-partum (25%). Septic causes remained significant (19, 8%). The outcome was favorable in 75% of cases. 1.3. Conclusion: CTV is a thrombotic condition that is not as rare as thought, requiring early diagnosis and emergency management.
MicroRNA s as Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease: Promises and Future Prospect
Authors: R Singh
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder occurring in the elderly population. Millions of people in the age group of 60 and above are affected by Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. Damage caused by disease is currently irreversible and incurable. Early-onset and diagnosis of AD could help in delaying the progression of the disease. Earlier AD was diagnosed by clinical assessment and postmortem brain pathology. Therefore, improved approaches are required to sensitively track disease development and therapeutic efficacy. The pathological presence of ß amyloid plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the hallmark of detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a 19-22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs circulating in the blood, regulates gene expression by protein repression. miRNAs are key regulators of gene expression in various biological processes and is emerging as a novel prognostic biomarker in various diseases. Recent evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in disease progression and pathogenesis of AD. Five databases, PubMed” MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library, were searched, using a combination of Mesh database or Emtree headings and free-text terms, to identify literature relating to miRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. The comprehensive online electronic databases, only peer-reviewed, full-text original research articles including English literature, were included in the current review. The studies followed the inclusion criteria were critically assessed and checked using the PRISMA tool. In this review role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in AD progression and pathogenesis will be covered with its elaborative function as a novel prognostic biomarker and its future prospects in the clinical implication of the same.
JAHILIYYAH DALAM PENAFSIRAN IBNU KASIR
Authors: Suharjianto S , Maghfiroh Rofi Atina
Published: April 2022

Kata Jahiliyyah berasal dari kata Al Jahlu yang berarti bodoh atau kebodohan. Jaman jahiliyyah adalah jaman kebodohan. Yang dimaksud dengan jaman kebodohan di sini bukan berarti orang-orang jahiliyyah tidak memiliki kepandaian, tetapi mereka tidak dapat membedakan kebenaran dan kebatilan. Contoh yang menyolok adalah ketika salah seorang dari mereka memiliki anak perempuan, mereka akan menanamkan hidup-hidup. Kebodohan yang paling menonjol adalah karena mereka menyembah berhala yang dibuatnya sendiri. Terlepas dari arti kata di atas, paling tidak ada dua ahli yang menerangkan tentang jahiliyyah, mereka adalah Jarji Zaedan dan Munawar Cholil. Jarji Zaedan berpendapat bahwa jahiliyyah adalah jaman yang masyarakatnya telah memiliki kemajuan di berbagai bidang lapangan kehidupan, seperti: bidang sosial, budaya, ekonomi, politik, dan lain. Sedangkan Munawar Cholil pendapat yang berbeda dengan yang pertama. Menurutnya jaman jahiliyyah adalah jaman yang diatandai oleh kerusakan diberbagai bidang, seperti bidang Sosial, budaya, ekonomi, politik, dan lain-lain. Itulah dua pendapat yang berbeda ketika melihat jahiliyyah dari sisi masing-masing. Sedangkan kata jahiliyyah terdapat dalam empat ayat dalam al-Quran, yaitu pada surat Ali Imran ayat 154, surat al-Maidah ayat 50, surat al-Ahdzab ayat 33 dan surat al-Fath ayat 26. Terlepas dari dua pendapat di atas, riset ini akan mengkaji jahiliyyah dalam Tafsir al-Quran al-'Azim karya Ibnu Katsir. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah pendekatan interpretatif. Sedangkan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Adapun simpul dari riset ini adalah kata jahiliyyah dalam Tafsir al-Qurin al-'Azim merupakan (1) sangkaan buruk terhadap takdir Allah s.w.t, (2) berhukum dengan hukum lain atas hukum yang Allah syariatkan, (3) perilaku yang menjerumuskan pada perzinaan dan (4) sikap sombong sebagai hasil dari sikap fanatik yang menutup pintu kebenaran.
PENAFSIRAN ALQURAN DI YOUTUBE: TELAAH ATAS PENAFSIRAN USTADZ ABDUL QADIR JAWAS TERHADAP AYAT KURSI BERCORAK IDEOLOGIS
Authors: Anam Haikal Fadhil
Published: April 2022

Penafsiran Alquran di youtube saat ini mengalami lonjakan peminatnya, hal ini tidak lain berkat efektivitasnya untuk menggaet pendengar lebih banyak dan sebagai upaya penyesuain zaman. Dalam hal ini, terdapat salah seorang ustadz yang menarik untuk dibahas dalam kaitannya dengan penafsirannya di youtube, yaitu ustadz Abdul Qadir Jawas. Artikel ini berupaya untuk menjelaskan penafsiran ustadz Abdul Qadir Jawas di youtube. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah observasi dan library research. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analitis. Sumber data terdiri dari primer dan sekunder; sumber primernya adalah video di youtube yang berjudul "Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - Tafsir Ayat Kursi (QS. Al-Baqarah, Ayat 255" dan sumber sekundernya adalah segala data yang mendukung penelitian ini. Adapun hasil penelitiannya adalah dalam kaitannya dengan penafsiran Alquran di Youtube tentang tafsir ayat kursi, ia menafsirkan dengan bentuk tafsir bil matsur. Selain itu, dalam upaya menafsirkannya, ia menggunakan metode tahlili, memperinci ayat dan menafsirkan dengan munasabah, pendapat para ulama dan lainnya. Terkait corak tafsirnya, bercorakan ideologis dalam hal ini tentu ideologi salafi. Hal ini terlihat ketika ia menafsirakn syafaat. Kecenderungannya untuk menyinggung orang yang katanya menyembah kubur dan lainnya dibahas dan disinggung olehnya.
Corneille face au héros tragique : disciple ou rival d’Aristote ?
Authors: Alonge Tristan
Published: April 2022

Il reste donc à trouver un milieu entre ces deux extrémités, par le choix d’un homme, qui ne soit ni tout à fait bon, ni tout à fait méchant, et qui par une faute, ou foiblesse humaine, tombe dans un malheur qu’il ne mérite pas. Aristote en donne pour exemples Œdipe, et Thyeste, en quoi véritablement je ne comprends point sa pensée.