bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations and disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants in Canada
Authors: Piché-Renaud Pierre-Philippe , Panetta Luc , Farrar Daniel S. , Moore-Hepburn Charlotte , Drouin Olivier , Papenburg Jesse , Salvadori Marina I. , Laffin Melanie , Kakkar Fatima , Morris Shaun K. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program COVID-19 Study Team
Published: August 2022

Background

There are limited data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants (<1 year of age). In the absence of approved vaccines for infants, understanding characteristics associated with hospitalization and severe disease from COVID-19 in this age group will help inform clinical management and public health interventions. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations, disease severity, and characteristics associated with hospitalization among infants infected with the initial strains of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

This is a national, prospective study of infants with SARS-CoV-2 from April 8th 2020 to May 31st 2021 using the infrastructure of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. Infants <1 year of age with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from both inpatients and outpatients seen in clinics and emergency departments were included. Cases were classified as either: 1) Non-hospitalized patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) COVID-19-related hospitalization; or 3) non-COVID-19-related hospitalization (e.g., incidentally detected SARS-CoV-2). Case severity was defined as asymptomatic, outpatient care, mild (inpatient care), moderate or severe disease. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify characteristics associated with hospitalization.

Results

A total of 531 cases were reported, including 332 (62.5%) non-hospitalized and 199 (37.5%) hospitalized infants. Among hospitalized infants, 141 of 199 infants (70.9%) were admitted because of COVID-19-related illness, and 58 (29.1%) were admitted for reasons other than acute COVID-19. Amongst all cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most common presenting symptoms included fever (66.5%), coryza (47.1%), cough (37.3%) and decreased oral intake (25.0%). In our main analysis, infants with a comorbid condition had higher odds of hospitalization compared to infants with no comorbid conditions (aOR = 4.53, 2.06–9.97), and infants <1 month had higher odds of hospitalization then infants aged 1–3 months (aOR = 3.78, 1.97–7.26). In total, 20 infants (3.8%) met criteria for severe disease.

Conclusions

We describe one of the largest cohorts of infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, severe COVID-19 in this age group was found to be uncommon. Comorbid conditions and younger age were associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization amongst infants.
A pre-Hispanic canoe or Wampo burial in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Pérez Alberto E. , Tesmer Rodrigo Moulian , Reyes Sánchez Juan Francisco , Lanata José L. , Medina Andrea , Chapanoff Cerda Miguel
Published: August 2022

The burial of Individual 3 at the Newen Antug site, a young adult woman, with a pottery grave offering characteristic of the Late Pottery period and dated to 880 years BP, is an indirect burial in a wooden structure. The form and design comprise a wooden wampo or small canoe, or a symbolic representation of one, a metaphor in current and historical Mapuche society for the voyage to the final abode of the dead, located beyond a water body which must be crossed in a boat. This is the first find of a burial in a canoe structure in Argentinian Patagonia, and the most southern example on the whole continent. It is also the earliest record in Argentina of pottery of the Red on White Bichrome tradition used as a grave offering, extending the repertoire of characteristics shared between the two slopes of the Andes mountains during the pottery periods, including ritual as well as material aspects.
Evaluation of different methods for the diagnosis of primary caries lesions: Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Gonçalves Marcela Letícia Leal , D´Annibale Alexandre Senkiw , Santos Elaine Marcilio , Guedes Carolina Cardoso , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Ferri Elza Padilha , Moretti Lívia Alves Corrêa , Motta Lara Jansiski , Deana Alessandro Melo , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Kalil Bussadori Sandra
Published: August 2022

Background

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries is considered one of the greatest pediatric health problems in the world, due to its high prevalence and incidence. Therefore, the early diagnosis of caries lesions is a fundamental procedure for planning treatment aimed at prevention, minimal intervention and promotion of oral health. The present study aims to evaluate, through a randomized and controlled clinical study, which is the best strategy for diagnosing primary caries lesions located in the interproximal region.

Materials and methods

Eighty patients, aged between 4 and 10 years will be randomized and allocated into 2 groups for analysis and comparison of methods for diagnosing caries lesions. The following diagnostic methods will be analyzed and compared: visual clinical examination using ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), the iTero Element 5D System (intraoral scanner with near infrared imaging (NIRI) technology) and bitewing radiography (BWX). All evaluations will be carried out by 02 examiners. Examiners will be trained and calibrated to use the visual and radiographic criteria and also to use the iTero 5D intraoral scanner, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Trial registration

NCT04900246 in ClinicalTrial.gov. First released in 05/11/2021 and last updated in 10/06/2021.
The Abdominal Pain Unit (APU). Study protocol of a standardized and structured care pathway for patients with atraumatic abdominal pain in the emergency department: A stepped wedged cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Altendorf Maria B. , Möckel Martin , Schenk Liane , Fischer-Rosinsky Antje , Frick Johann , Helbig Lukas , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Huscher Dörte , Lichtenberg Luisa , Reinhold Thomas , Schindel Daniel , Stier Britta , Sydow Hanna , Wu Yves-Noel , Zimmermann Grit , Slagman Anna
Published: August 2022

This study aims to improve emergency department (ED) care for patients suffering from atraumatic abdominal pain. An application-supported pathway for the ED will be implemented, which supports quick, evidence-based, and standardized diagnosis and treatment steps for patients with atraumatic abdominal pain at the ED. A mixed-methods multicentre cluster randomized controlled stepped wedge trial design will be applied. A total of 10 hospitals with EDs (expected n = 2.000 atraumatic abdominal pain patients) will consecutively (every 4 months) be randomized to apply the intervention. Inclusion criteria for patients are a minimum age of 18 years, suffering from atraumatic abdominal pain and being insured with a German statutory health insurance. Primary outcomes: acute pain score at time of discharge from ED, duration of treatment at the ED, patient-reported satisfaction. Secondary endpoints include patient safety and quality of care parameters, process evaluation parameters, and costs and cost-effectiveness parameters. Quantitative data will be gathered from patient-surveys, clinical records, and routine data from hospital information systems as well as from a participating German statutory health insurance. Descriptive and analytic statistical analysis will be performed to provide summaries and associations for primary patient-reported outcomes, process measures, quality measures, and costs. Qualitative data collection consists of participatory patient observations and semi-structured expert interviews, which will be inductively analysed. Findings will be disseminated in publications in peer-reviewed journals, on conferences, as well as via a project website. To ensure data protection, appropriate technical and organisational measures will be taken.

Trial registration: DRKS00021052.
Development and validation of a deep learning-based protein electrophoresis classification algorithm
Authors: Lee Nuri , Jeong Seri , Jeon Kibum , Song Wonkeun , Park Min-Jeong
Published: August 2022

Background

Protein electrophoresis (PEP) is an important tool in supporting the analytical characterization of protein status in diseases related to monoclonal components, inflammation, and antibody deficiency. Here, we developed a deep learning-based PEP classification algorithm to supplement the labor-intensive PEP interpretation and enhance inter-observer reliability.

Methods

A total of 2,578 gel images and densitogram PEP images from January 2018 to July 2019 were split into training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10.0%) sets. The PEP images were assessed based on six major findings (acute-phase protein, monoclonal gammopathy, polyclonal gammopathy, hypoproteinemia, nephrotic syndrome, and normal). The images underwent processing, including color-to-grayscale and histogram equalization, and were input into neural networks.

Results

Using densitogram PEP images, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for each diagnosis ranged from 0.873 to 0.989, and the accuracy for classifying all the findings ranged from 85.2% to 96.9%. For gel images, the AUROC ranged from 0.763 to 0.965, and the accuracy ranged from 82.0% to 94.5%.

Conclusions

The deep learning algorithm demonstrated good performance in classifying PEP images. It is expected to be useful as an auxiliary tool for screening the results and helpful in environments where specialists are scarce.
Relationship between judges’ scores and dive attributes from a video recording of a diving competition
Authors: Luedeker Bianca , McGee Monnie
Published: August 2022

Sports such as diving, gymnastics, and ice skating rely on expert judges to score performance accurately. Human error and bias can affect the scores, sometimes leading to controversy, especially at high levels. Instant replay or recorded video can be used to assess judges’ scores, or sometimes update judges’ scores, during a competition. For diving in particular, judges are trained to look for certain characteristics of a dive, such as angle of entry, height of splash, and distance of the dive from the end of the board, to score each dive on a scale of 0 to 10, where a 0 is a failed dive and a 10 is a perfect dive. In an effort to obtain objective comparisons for judges’ scores, a diving meet was filmed and the video footage used to measure certain characteristics of each dive for each participant. The variables measured from the video were height of the dive at its apex, angle of entry into the water, and distance of the dive from the end of the board. The measured items were then used as explanatory variables in a regression model where the judge’s scores were the response. The measurements from the video are gathered to provide a gold standard that is specific to the athletic performances at the meet being judged, and supplement judges’ scores with synergistic quantitative and visual information. In this article we show, via a series of regression analyses, that certain aspects of an athlete’s performance measured from video after a meet provide similar information to the judges’ scores. The model was shown to fit the data well enough to warrant use of characteristics from video footage to supplement judges’ scores in future meets. In addition, we calibrated the results from the model against those of meets where the same divers competed to show that the measurement data ranks divers in approximately the same order as they were ranked in other meets, showing meet to meet consistency in measured data and judges’ scores. Eventually, our findings could lead to use of video footage to supplement judges’ scores in real time.
Knockdown of CD146 promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Yu , Zhai Chao , Yang Xue-Yuan , Li Hai-Bing , Wu Li-Ling , Li Li
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and leads to the maladaptive changes in myocardium. Endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing mesenchymal transition contributes to the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis. CD146 is an adhesion molecule highly expressed in ECs. The present study was performed to explore the role of CD146 in modulating endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT).

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subcutaneous implantation of osmotic minipump infused with angiotensin II (Ang Ⅱ). Adenovirus carrying CD146 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or CD146 encoding sequence were infected into cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) followed by stimulation with Ang II or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Differentially expressed genes were revealed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression and distribution were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively.

Results

CD146 was predominantly expressed by ECs in normal mouse hearts. CD146 was upregulated in ECs but not fibroblasts and myocytes in hearts of Ang II-infused mice and in HUVECs stimulated with Ang Ⅱ. RNA-Seq analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes related to EndMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CD146 knockdown and overexpression facilitated and attenuated, respectively, EndMT induced by Ang II or TGF-β1. CD146 knockdown upregulated Wnt pathway-related genes including Wnt4, LEF1, HNF4A, FOXA1, SOX6, and CCND3, and increased the protein level and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.

Conclusions

Knockdown of CD146 exerts promotional effects on EndMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the upregulation of CD146 might play a protective role against EndMT and cardiac fibrosis.
Herencias de las familias de comerciantes de la ciudad de Burgos: entre negocios y afectos (1700-1850)
Authors: Bartolomé Bartolomé Juan Manuel
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo se estudian los bienes patrimoniales de las familias de negocios de la ciudad de Burgos a finales del Antiguo Régimen (1700-1850) y su transmisión hereditaria. Utilizando abundantes fuentes documentales, donde destacan los testamentos y las partijas de bienes o cuentas de testamentaria, hemos apreciado las diferencias de comportamientos de estas familias burguesas respecto a las de la ciudad leonesa. Así, partiendo de unos patrimonios solventes en el siglo XVIII y sobre todo en la segunda mitad, predominan las transmisiones igualitarias a los hijos/as, lo cual se aprecia en el análisis cuantitativo de las partijas o cuentas de bienes, favoreciendo el igualitarismo de los descendientes frente a los intereses económicos de la familia. En menor medida, existen mejoras, mandas y legados, pero en general no se concentran en los hijos varones elegidos para la continuación del negocio, que suelen ser los primogénitos, sino que vuelven a ser determinantes los afectos y los sentimientos hacia hijos/as ya religiosos, menores de edad o más desprotegidos, sin olvidar a los esposos viudos/as. Finalmente, el escaso recurso a la preherencia y las transmisiones de bienes de tíos/as sin hijos refuerzan las ideas ya señaladas.
Utilization of textile denim sludge waste in high load-bearing structural applications
Authors: Beg Tahreem , Siddiqui Muhammad Owais Raza , Butto Muhammad Aslam , Iqbal Kashif , Sun Danmei
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the results of research on the utilization of textile denim sludge waste, which was used to obtain concrete and mortar. For this purpose, cement and sand were replaced with the powdered sludge in the amount of 5 and 10 wt. The sludge was initially analyzed by FTIR and XRD to identify functional groups and chemical composition, respectively. Replacing sand with sludge resulted in a significant reduction in the concrete compressive and flexural strength (> 50%). Significantlybetter results were obtained by replacing cement with 5 wt% of sludge. In this case, the concrete compressivestrength decreased by only 14%, and the flexural strength by 15%.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEA LOCAL COMPANY THROUGH BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY
Authors: Raharja Akbar Daffa , Yanti Roaida , Qurtubi  , Fariza Rahma
Published: August 2022

By the development and ease of today's technology line, it is necessary to design a new marketing strategy to find out the position of EFAS and IFAS, as well as find the right marketing strategy proposal for the company using the Blue Ocean Strategy method. This strategy method offers a concept for companies looking for new areas that have not been entered by competitors. The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the external and internal environment through SWOT analysis, how to apply the Blue Ocean Strategy in increasing sales, and excel in compete so that it can be applied to the smooth running of the business in the future. Based on the results of a study involving 52 respondents, it is known that the company's position is in quadrant III with a value on the X axis of -0.1 and the Y Axis of 0.2, meaning that there is a need for a change in strategy with the opening of existing opportunities. Furthermore, the proposed four-step performance framework, the variables that must be leveled are product quality, advertising, the appearance of the company, the ease of finding products, and promotion, and the variable factors created are the renewal of the company's image (re-branding), and the addition of a narrative to the product menu.
Measurement of skeletal muscle glucose uptake in mice in response to acute treadmill running
Authors: Møller Lisbeth Liliendal Valbjørn , Raun Steffen Henning , Fritzen Andreas Mæchel , Sylow Lykke
Published: August 2022

Skeletal muscle contractions stimulate glucose uptake into the working muscles during exercise. Because this signaling pathway is independent of insulin, exercise constitutes an important alternative pathway to increase glucose uptake, also in insulin-resistant muscle. Therefore, much effort is being put into understanding the molecular regulation of exercise-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. To delineate the causal molecular mechanisms whereby muscle contraction or exercise regulate glucose uptake, the investigation of genetically manipulated rodents is necessary. Presented here is a modified and optimized protocol assessing exercise-induced muscle glucose uptake in mice in response to acute treadmill running. Using this high-throughput protocol, running capacity can accurately and reproducibly be determined in mice, and basal- and exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake and intracellular signaling can precisely and dose-dependently be measured in awake mice in vivo without the need for catheterization and with minimal loss of blood.
Mearsheimer, Realism, and the Ukraine War
Authors: Smith Nicholas Ross , Dawson Grant
Published: August 2022

The usefulness of ‘realism’ in explaining Russia’s decision to invade Ukraine has become a keenly contested debate not only in International Relations but in wider public intellectual discourse since the onset of the war in February 2022. At the centre of this debate is the punditry of John J. Mearsheimer, a prominent offensive realist who is a Professor of International Relations at the University of Chicago. This article argues that although Mearsheimer is indeed a realist, his offensive realism is but one of many different realist theories that can forward an explanation of the Ukraine War. Beyond the apparent hegemony of structural realism (the branch of realism to which Mearsheimer’s offensive realism belongs), it is argued that classical and neoclassical realist frameworks can provide more nuanced and, ultimately, convincing arguments as to why Russian President Vladimir Putin decided to invade Ukraine. This is because both classical and neoclassical realism can incorporate insights from non-realist studies—such as the concepts of civilization and ontological security—and combine them into an overarching power politics framework. Although neither classical nor neoclassical realism is flawless in their explanations, they demonstrate that realism does not just have to be about international power structures but can offer multivariate accounts of why a state, like Russia, decided to act, such as invading Ukraine.
Progressive Taxation and Robust Monetary Policy
Authors: Hiraga Kazuki , Hasui Kohei
Published: August 2022

Recent monetary policy analyses show the profound implications of progressive taxation for monetary policy. This paper investigates how progressive taxation on labor income changes the effect of model uncertainty by introducing robust control. We obtained the following results: (i) Higher progressive taxation decreases the effect of model uncertainty on the inflation rate, output gap, and interest rate. (ii) A sufficiently higher progressive taxation brings the economy into the determinate equilibrium even if the model uncertainty is strong. According to these results, we conclude that progressive taxation on labor income is effective in mitigating the effects of model uncertainty in terms of variance and equilibrium determinacy.
Arbitrary High-Order Unconditionally Stable Methods for Reaction-Diffusion Equations with inhomogeneous Boundary Condition via Deferred Correction
Authors: Koyaguerebo-Imé Saint-Cyr Elvi Rodrigue , Bourgault Yves
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we analyse full discretizations of an initial boundary value problem (IBVP) related to reaction-diffusion equations.
To avoid possible order reduction, the IBVP is first transformed into an IBVP with homogeneous boundary conditions (IBVPHBC) via a lifting of inhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann or mixed Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions.
The IBVPHBC is discretized in time via the deferred correction method for the implicit midpoint rule and leads to a time-stepping scheme of order

2
⁢
p

+
2

2p+2

of accuracy at the stage

p
=

0
,
1
,
2
,
…

p=0,1,2,\ldots

of the correction.
Each semi-discretized scheme results in a nonlinear elliptic equation for which the existence of a solution is proven using the Schaefer fixed point theorem.
The elliptic equation corresponding to the stage 𝑝 of the correction is discretized by the Galerkin finite element method and gives a full discretization of the IBVPHBC.
This fully discretized scheme is unconditionally stable with order

2
⁢
p

+
2

2p+2

of accuracy in time.
The order of accuracy in space is equal to the degree of the finite element used when the family of meshes considered is shape-regular, while an increment of one order is proven for a quasi-uniform family of meshes.
Numerical tests with a bistable reaction-diffusion equation having a strong stiffness ratio, a Fisher equation, a linear reaction-diffusion equation addressing order reduction and two linear IBVPs in two dimensions are performed and demonstrate the unconditional convergence of the method.
The orders 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of accuracy in time are achieved.
Except for some linear problems, the accuracy of DC methods is better than that of BDF methods of same order.
Compact quadband two-port antenna with metamaterial cell-inspired decoupling parasitic element for mobile wireless applications
Authors: Moukala Mpele Pierre , Moukanda Mbango Franck , Konditi Dominic B. O. , Bamy Ce Lakpo , Urimubenshi Felix
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a quadband MIMO diamond-shaped antenna with two highly isolated elements is proposed and discussed. A novel metamaterial cell-inspired decoupling parasitic structure is deployed between the two antenna elements to achieve high isolation greater than 20 dB in the frequency bands of interest. Moreover, the design adopts a defected ground structure and open-ended multiple diamond-shaped branches for multiband characteristics, enabling the proposed MIMO to cover several modern wireless applications. The performance metrics of the proposed MIMO antenna are validated by evaluating various diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL). This antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of 12 × 30 × 1.524 mm (0.082λ
0 × 0.204λ
0 × 0.001λ
0, λ
0 is the wavelength at 2.04 GHz). With the edge-to-edge separation distance of 0.053λ
0 between the antenna elements, its prototype is experimentally measured using a two-port Rohde & Schwarz ZVA50 Vector Network Analyzer. The port-to-port isolation is about −20.87 dB, −23 dB, −25.93 dB, and −25.22 dB for 2.3 GHz, 3.18 GHz, 4.08 GHz, and 5.42 GHz frequency bands, respectively. Also, the proposed MIMO antenna exhibits good diversity performances with the ECC < 0.005, DG > 9.99, and TARC<−10 dB making it an outstanding candidate covering 4G/LTE, 5G NR sub-6 GHz n40/n41/n77/n78, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, ISM, WBAN, Bluetooth, MBAN, WiBro, C-V2X, and UWB applications.
Health status of children and young persons with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the UK (CAH-UK): a cross-sectional multi-centre study
Authors: Bacila Irina , Lawrence Neil Richard , Mahdi Sundus , Alvi Sabah , Cheetham Timothy D , Crowne Elizabeth , Das Urmi , Dattani Mehul Tulsidas , Davies Justin H , Gevers Evelien , Krone Ruth E , Kyriakou Andreas , Patel Leena , Randell Tabitha , Ryan Fiona J , Keevil Brian , Ahmed S Faisal , Krone Nils P
Published: August 2022

Objective

There is limited knowledge on the onset of comorbidities in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) during childhood. We aimed to establish the health status of children with CAH in the UK.

Design and methods

This cross-sectional multicentre study involved 14 tertiary endocrine UK units, recruiting 101 patients aged 8–18 years with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 83 controls. We analysed demographic, clinical and metabolic data, as well as psychological questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ), Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL)).

Results

Patient height SDS in relation to mid-parental height decreased with age, indicating the discrepancy between height achieved and genetic potential height. Bone age was advanced in 40.5% patients, with a mean difference from the chronological age of 1.8 (±2.3) years. Patients were more frequently overweight (27%) or obese (22%) compared to controls (10.8% and 10.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). No consistent relationship between glucocorticoid dose and anthropometric measurements or hormonal biomarkers was detected. A small number of patients had raised total cholesterol (3.0%), low HDL (3.0%), raised LDL (7.0%) and triglycerides (5.0%). SDQ scores were within the ‘high’ and ‘very high’ categories of concern for 16.3% of patients. ‘School functioning’ was the lowest PedsQL scoring dimension with a median (interquartile range) of 70 (55–80), followed by ‘emotional functioning’ with a median of 75 (65–85).

Conclusions

Our results show an increased prevalence of problems with growth and weight gain in CAH children and suggest reduced quality of life. This highlights the urgent need to optimise management and monitoring strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.
Root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolars using cone-beam computed tomography in a selected Turkish-population and literature review
Authors: EZENTAŞ Nilay , UZUNOĞLU ÖZYÜREK Emel
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To investigate the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the selected population and to review previous studies regarding other selected Turkish subpopulations.
Materials and Methods: The sample for this retrospective study included 1048 CBCT images of 672 females and 376 males representing 1613 mandibular first and 1461 second premolars. Pubmed and Google Scholar were used to search previous literature with selected keywords.
Results: The incidence of single root in mandibular first and second premolars was 99.75% and 99.38%, respectively. Complex root canal anatomy was evident in the first premolars compared to second premolars and in males than females (p<0.05). Eight studies have previously evaluated the root canal anatomy of mandibular premolars of other Turkish subpopulations by clearing or CBCT images. The prevalence of 2 or more root canals was found between 5.80% - 39.50% in mandibular first premolars and 1.1% -29% in mandibular second premolars in these studies.
Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the detection of additional canals during root canal treatment of mandibular premolars, especially in male patients. The symmetrical morphology of the premolars may guide the practitioners during the root canal treatment. Evaluation methods could affect the results regarding root canal anatomy.
Bir Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine Başvuran Hastaların Sistemik Hastalıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: AKAY Gülsün , GÜNGÖR Kahraman
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı bir diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastalarda sistemik hastalık görülme yaygınlığını araştırmak, cinsiyet ve yaş grupları arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek ve dental hastalarda medikal anamnezin önemini vurgulamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Eylül ile Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Diş hekimliği Fakültesi ilk muayene kliniğine başvuran 15 yaş ve üzeri, bilgisayar ortamında medikal anamnez bilgileri kayıtlı olan 10 282 hasta dahil edildi. Her hastanın yaş, cinsiyet ve sistemik hastalık durumları ile düzenli olarak kullandığı ilaçları kaydedildi. Elde edilen verilerin deskriptif analizi yapıldı ve sayı/yüzde olarak ifade edildi. Hastalıkların dağılımının yaş ve cinsiyete göre istatiksel farklılıkları Pearson ki-kare testi ve Fisher’ın tam olasılık testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada 6015 (%58,50) kadın ve 4267 (%41,50) erkek toplam 10 282 hastanın anamnez kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların %86,82’sinde herhangi bir sistemik hastalığı bulunmazken, en az bir sistemik hastalığı olan kişi sayısı 1355 (%13,18) idi. Sistemik hastalık görülme sıklığının cinsiyetler açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlendi (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız dental tedavi amacıyla diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastalarda en sık belirlenen sistemik problemlerin hipertansiyon ve diyabet olduğunu göstermiştir. Hipertansiyon, diyabet, astım ve guatr kadınlarda daha fazla tespit edilirken erkeklerde ise kronik obstruktif akciğer hastalığı, kardiyovasküler operasyonlar ve hiper/hipotroidi hastalıkları daha fazla gözlemlenmiştir.
Türkiye'nin Kuzeydoğusunda reçete edilen pediatrik ilaçların karyojenik ve aşındırıcı potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi: Bir in vitro çalışma
Authors: YILMAZ Nagehan , KORKMAZ Büşra , ERBEK Şengül , BAYGİN Ozgul , KORKMAZ Fatih Mehmet , TUZUNER Tamer
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye Kuzeydoğu bölgesinde pediatrik kullanım için reçete edilen ilaçların karyojenik ve eroziv potansiyelini in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada pediatristler tarafından reçete edilen ilaçlar arasından 14 farklı ilaç grubuna ait 30 farklı ilaç seçildi. İlaçların pH, total titrasyon asitliği (TTA), toplam çözünebilir katı içeriği (TSSC), toplam şeker içeriği (TSC) ölçüldü. Elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Tüm gruplarda pH ve TTA, TSSC değerleri açısından karşılaştırma yapılırken Pearson ki-kare testi uygulandı. Bulgu:Test edilen ilaçların pH ortanca değerleri 3.11 ile 7.62 arasında değiştiği; ilaçların % 53.3’nün pH ortanca değerinin kritik pH (5.5) in altında olduğu tespit edildi. Ortanca değere göre TTA değerleri tüm gruplarda düşük olarak bulgulandı. En yüksek TTA değeri 23.8770 ve ikinci olarak 22.9540 olarak ölçüldü. En düşük TSSC değerinin 1.3320 ve en yüksek TSSC değerinin 1.4450 olduğu saptandı. Toplam şeker içerikleri analizinde kullanılan ilaçların %33 ‘ünde şeker içeriği tespit edildi. Sonuç: Analiz edilen ilaçlar, diş dokularında karyojenik ve eroziv potansiyel gösteren fizikokimyasal özellikler gösterdi. Bu doğrultuda sağlık profesyonelleri, ilaç üreticileri ve ebeveynler diş dokularına potansiyel olarak zararlı ilaçların tüketilmesinden kaynaklanan riskler hakkında bilinçlendirilmelidir.
Percepción del riesgo de desastres en habitantes del municipio de Pijao, Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Pineda López Olga Liliana , Arbeláez Caro Joan Sebastian , Castaño Morales Jamer Mateo , Medina Moreno Laura Andrea , Roa Garcia Laura Dayana , Rojas Aristizabal Laura
Published: August 2022

La gestión del riesgo de desastres es un proceso social, por ello toda la comunidad debe estar incluida en ella. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las percepciones del riesgo de desastres en habitantes del municipio de Pijao (Quindio). Para esto se siguió un enfoque cualitativo desde el diseño de la teoría fundamentada. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico en los barrios aledaños al recorrido del Río Lejos del municipio de Pijao (Quindío, Colombia). La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 60 sujetos. La teoría sustantiva producto de la investigación es la naturalización de la gestión del riesgo de desastres. Se considera que la naturalización de acciones para la mitigación del riesgo de desastres se posibilita por el nivel de conocimiento de conceptos y acciones de la gestión del riesgo, además del nivel de arraigo cultural. El estudio permitió conocer de primera mano sobre los elementos que se deben trabajar para fortalecer la gestión del riesgo a nivel comunitario.
Factores socioemocionales: una revisión bibliográfica en el campo de la evaluación infantil
Authors: Morales-Volveras Laura Camila , Morales-Quintero Luz Anyela , Avendaño Prieto Bertha Lucía
Published: August 2022

Las condiciones socioemocionales en la infancia son claves dentro de los factores de riesgo y protección asociados con la manifestación de distintos problemas de conducta. Así mismo, estos factores se emplean como indicadores para la evaluación del impacto de programas de prevención, en sus distintos niveles, y en diversas áreas de la psicología infanto-juvenil. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los constructos, las definiciones, las variables y los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar estas condiciones socioemocionales en la infancia. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a partir de una búsqueda en la base de datos APA PsycNet, de publicaciones registradas entre el 2010 y el 2020, con las palabras clave: Socioemotional OR socio-emotional, AND assessment OR psychometric OR intervention OR program OR prevention OR attention. Se encontraron 241 publicaciones, de las cuales 101 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados indican que se usan diferentes constructos asociados con los factores socioemocionales, que no siempre se definen, tales como: competencias, bienestar, desarrollo, funcionamiento, ajuste, habilidades y aprendizaje. Aunque no existe consenso respecto a un único constructo para hacer referencia las condiciones socio-emocionales, sí se encontraron, en sus procesos de evaluación, variables comunes en diferentes contextos culturales. Sin embargo, en las publicaciones analizadas no se especifican las características psicométricas de los test utilizados, lo cual impidió identificar su rigor metodológico y el de los resultados derivados de su aplicación.
Comparing the effectiveness of study strategies on comprehension, retention, and learning from L2 English texts
Authors: Amaral Juliana do , Tomitch Lêda Maria Braga
Published: August 2022

This study compared the use of the study strategies rereading, highlighting, and note-taking on the levels of comprehension, retention, and learning from L2 texts. Nineteen intermediate students of English (L2) participated in the study. In phase 1, they studied three expository texts in English, each with the support of a different strategy. After reading, they answered an immediate recall and true/false statements. Phase 2 took place a week after and comprised delayed recalls and a critical writing task. Prior to data collection, participants received instruction on study strategies to ensure they knew about the strategies to be worked with. Results of immediate recalls pointed to rereading as an effective strategy to comprehension; highlighting was related to higher true or false scores. Regarding retention, good performance in the delayed recalls was associated with the highlighting and note-taking conditions. Thus, the effects of rereading did not endure delayed tests, providing evidence for the ineffectiveness of this strategy for retention compared to highlighting and note-taking. Results from the critical writing task demonstrated that the task fostered elaborative inferencing, although the number of explicit text references was small. A link between highlighting and learning is hypothesized.
A docência universitária
Authors: Monteiro Rachel Rachelley Matos , Pacheco Mayara Alves Loiola , Neta Maria de Lourdes da Silva , Junior Antonio Germano Magalhães
Published: August 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os aspectos da docência universitária e a sua relação com a formação, saberes docentes e práticas de ensino, a partir dos achados das pesquisas de dissertações, teses e artigos. Fundamenta-se em autores como García (1999), Gauthier et al. (1998), Tardif (2002), Pimenta e Anastasiou (2014), para a discussão sobre a docência. Com metodologia, utilizou-se a pesquisa do Tipo Estado da Questão, com coleta de dados realizadas Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Conclui-se que existe uma lacuna na discussão da docência universitária dos professores que atuam em duas modalidades, licenciatura e bacharelado, como também as perspectivas sobre a mobilização dos saberes docentes para o exercício da profissão.
“Plantation Memories”, Anastácia, Dandara, and Zumbi, the Slave Ship São José, and the Farms of São Tomé, Or Slavery, Colonialism, and Racism in the Work of Women Artists
Authors: Balona de Oliveira Ana
Published: August 2022

In this essay, I examine the ways in which women artists – Grada Kilomba (Portugal, 1968), Ângela Ferreira (Mozambique, 1958), Eurídice Kala aka Zaituna Kala (Mozambique, 1987), Meghna Singh (India, 1981), and Mónica de Miranda (Portugal, 1976) – have critically addressed the history and memory of slavery and colonialism, as well as their contemporary legacies in the form of structural, institutional, and everyday racism in Portuguese society and beyond. They have done so with a critical focus on the pioneering and pervasive role of the Portuguese in the transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans to the Americas, and with an emphasis on the experience of black women. Their works require an analysis that is attentive to the history of the trade in the Indian Ocean, as well as to the continuities between slavery and forced labour after a merely formal abolition in the Portuguese colonial empire. They also call for an intersectional feminist reading, in their focus on race and gender, alongside class and sexuality. This essay reflects on the critical valences of contemporary art for a counter-hegemonic public memorialization of these silenced histories and their enduring legacies, in line with an idea of epistemic decolonization and systemic reparation.
Enhancing Family Cohesion through Web-Based Communication: Analysis of Online Communication Practices in Estonian Families
Authors: Tamme Virge , Siibak Andra
Published: August 2022

Semi-structured interviews (N=13) with the representatives of three different generations belonging to the same family with Estonian origin where carried out to analyze the reasons for making use of different web-based communication platforms for everyday family interaction, as well as to study the main motivations for communicating online. Furthermore, we also aimed to understand to what extent the family members helped to mediate and shape each other’s online practices. The findings indicate that new media plays enormous role in supporting and partly also re-establishing intergenerational communication. Not only are web-based communication platforms like Skype, instant messenger or Facebook used by family members who are physically apart, but also by family members living under the same roof. Thank to being constantly logged onto to different web-based communication channels, our respondents perceived these platforms to offer the cheapest and most convenient mode for family communication.
Belonging to a community: forms of technological mediated belonging
Authors: Damásio Manuel José , Henriques Sara , Costa Conceição
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces the concept of belonging and discusses it in the context of online social networking experience and community experience considering social capital and user’s activities as nuclear concepts to understand collective actions and social relationships mediated by online social media technologies. The paper presents an empirical approach based on the study of two local communities and analyses whether interactive social technologies are capable of allowing a greater social involvement and a higher production of social capital, social participation and sense of belonging, encouraging original forms of interaction and social cohesion within communities. The results indicate a positive relationship between the use of social media technology and the increase of social capital and sense of belonging, promoting a discussion about the relationship between virtual and face-to-face communication, the role and influence of social media technologies in communitarian social practices and the relevance of social capital theory within media studies.
#banksyinstockholm - The Politics of Street Art and Spatiality
Authors: Thor Tindra
Published: August 2022

In March 2014 Swedish news agencies received an anonymous handwritten letter stating that “Banksy”, probably the world’s most famous street artist, would hold his first “official unofficial exhibit in Sweden”. The validity of this press release was heavily debated throughout the week in Swedish media. Would this mythical street artist whose real name no one knows make an appearance in Stockholm? Could it be a PR stunt and if it were, would it be worth seeing anyway? On Sunday 23 March 8000 people gathered to find out.

This article discursively explores the event as an urban moment of artistic and spatial improvisations in relation to ideas on spatial subversion, paradoxical space and aesthetic cosmopolitanism. The paradoxical space becomes as a temporal strategy, which holds the potential of displacing and resisting the hegemonic makings of urban space. Further the exploration of the event points to how a discursive construction of an event attaches and detaches signifiers to and from specific places, performances and symbolisms and how notions of place, performance and subjects are (re)negotiated in that process.
Anticorpos à cultura da desconfiança: o regresso da ciência e da prudência na agenda mediática
Authors: Baldi Vania , Gala Adelino
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo explora-se a maneira da cultura mediática contemporânea refletir algumas das mudanças socioculturais e sociopolíticas trazidas pela pandemia. Por um lado, pretende-se analisar a presença constante de alguns representantes da cultura científica dentro do cenário info-comunicacional, por outro observa-se a recrudescência do extremismo ideológico e das narrativas conspirativas. Explorando um conjunto de estudos de caso tenciona-se refletir sobre as implicações culturais e políticas desafiadas por estas duas opostas dimensões presentes no panorama mediático.

A introdução na agenda mediática da linguagem e da abordagem científica à emergência sanitária é perspetivada como promissora de uma humanização da ciência e de uma nova aproximação entre peritos e leigos. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, são assinalados os riscos que derivam duma sempre possível politização do seu discurso, bem como duma visão ingénua que perspetiva de forma neutra e autónoma a sua atuação.

A violência ideológica que sustenta a infodemia é, por sua vez, analisada como algo que não deve ser pensada apenas como um problema de ignorância ou iliteracia (geradora de fake knowledge), mas como uma forma de revolta orientada à desestabilização social, à refutação das regras do jogo democrático e das formulas jurídico-políticas tradicionais. O problema urgente não é a presença de teorias conspirativas, mas a vontade de acreditar nelas tornando-as objeto de campanhas de ódio.

Neste sentido, as ciências da comunicação são desafiadas a colaborar de forma mais integrada com a ciência política e a sociologia da ciência.
Influence of the graphical layout of television news on the viewers: An eye tracking study
Authors: Rodrigues Rui , Veloso Ana , Mealha Óscar
Published: August 2022

Television news has continuously experienced several changes, especially related to graphic overlays. The problem with watching TV news is the way viewers receive and process information broadcast by these programmes, given the variety of visual and audio stimuli with which they are confronted. This study focuses on the influence of the graphical layout on the viewers. Specifically, it examines message recall related to TV breaking news. These goals were achieved by means of a case study using eye tracking, applied in two types of TV news broadcasts: one with graphical elements and another with a clean feed (only with the anchor). Finally, participants answered a questionnaire on the contents within the various graphical elements overlaid on the TV news viewed.
Reflexões sobre ética e autorregulação no exercício do jornalismo por amadores
Authors: Paul Dairan Mathias , Christofoletti Rogerio
Published: August 2022

O artigo apresenta percepções de não-jornalistas de dois coletivos brasileiros sobre valores deontológicos do jornalismo. A partir de entrevistas com membros do Mídia Independente Coletiva e do Carranca, debatemos possibilidades de autorregulação nas rotinas de amadores que praticam atos de jornalismo, ou seja, apuram e divulgam informações por conta própria, sem filtros editoriais de veículos jornalísticos. Conclui-se, entre outros aspectos, que os sujeitos da pesquisa reconhecem os valores da deontologia jornalística, mas se mostram resistentes à autorregulação por verem nela um caminho de censura às suas práticas.
O ensino universitário do ciberjornalismo no Brasil e na Espanha: respostas formativas e desafios futuros no contexto convergente e social
Authors: Teixeira Juliana Fernandes , Larrondo Ainara
Published: August 2022

Brasil e Espanha são dois países da área iberoamericana que têm mostrado maior dinamismo no âmbito do ciberjornalismo, tanto a nível profissional, como de pesquisa e formação. Diante disso e da consolidação de tendências como o jornalismo social e a convergência de mídias, este artigo investiga o estado atual do ensino de ciberjornalismo em seis das principais universidades do Brasil e da Espanha. O objetivo é refletir sobre o tipo de resposta que a universidade oferece atualmente às necessidades informativas presentes e futuras de uma sociedade crescentemente tecnológica e interconectada, ou seja, cada vez mais convergente e social. Para isso, o estudo emprega uma abordagem metodológica baseada na análise dos currículos de graduação e pós-graduação e em opiniões de professores. Os resultados enfocam questões relacionadas à denominação das disciplinas, ao modelo de formação, ao itinerário curricular ou à abordagem teórico-prática. Concluiu-se que a mudança profissional promovida em diferentes níveis pelos processos de convergência midiática e pela assimilação das rotinas produtivas 2.0 tem impulsionado uma adaptação progressiva dos currículos brasileiros e espanhóis em termos de diversificação, transversalidade e especialização. Nesses currículos, o ensino em torno do ciberjornalismo responde à necessidade que os jornalistas têm para uma formação cada vez mais ampla.