bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penanganan Stunting Kampung Lalang: Sosialisasi Serta Pembagian Vitamin Oleh Kelompok Kukerta Universitas Riau
Authors: Anastasya Carolista Pakpahan  , Artika Dewi Sitanggang  , Benget Hasiholan  , M Aldrian Mustafarsyach  , Fadzil Aulia Rahman  , Nelsi Ramadhani  , Aulia Merlin Bestari  , Rayu Zatdra
Published: September 2024

The Real Working Lecture (KKN) is a vehicle for the application and development of knowledge, which is carried out off campus in certain time, work mechanism, and requirements. KKN implemented by universities is an effort to increase the content and weight of education for students and to get greater added value to higher education. Through community service activities in Lalang Village, there will be synergy between universities and the community. The purpose of this KKN acticity is to provide an understanding to the local community about the importance of health for young generation, specifically for their babies. Frequently, stunting become a massive issues for babies in this village. The service is carried out through educational workshops, seminars, teaching, and discussions. The result of this dedication provide an overview of how importance for a mother and their kids to mantaian what they eat and how to have a healhty live due to stunting issues.
Seminar Pengembangan Omset UMKM Dengan Sertifikasi Halal
Authors: Rafi Ilham Ramadhan  , Mohammad Rasikhul Islam  , Khoirotun Nisa’  , Siti Nur Halizah  , Eli Retnowati  , Rommy Hardyansah  , Rio Saputra
Published: September 2024

Currently, providing halal certification for a product has become a necessity. Consumers are now more careful when choosing halal-certified products before consuming them. In Jumputrejo Village, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency, there are a number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that have not obtained halal certification. Therefore, the KKN team from Sunan Giri University Surabaya has held a seminar on Increasing MSME Turnover through Halal Certification, with the aim that local MSMEs can obtain halal certification. The process of implementing this seminar consists of three stages, namely (1) planning, which involves mapping the problem; (2) finding solutions to the problem; and (3) coordination with MSME partners. The implementation of the seminar on turnover development through halal certification was carried out using the method of delivering material and question and answer sessions. The results of this activity show that MSME partners who attended the seminar showed enthusiasm in asking questions related to halal products, the benefits of halal-labeled products, and the procedures for receiving halal certification.
Pentingnya Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Pendidikan Anak
Authors: A.Nur Afiat  , Nurmia Nurmia  , Besse Syukroni Baso
Published: September 2024

This socialization or community service aims to provide knowledge to the community about the importance of the role of parents in children's education. Through this socialization, it is hoped that the community will pay more attention to their children's education, not depending on the teacher alone, but rather on collaboration between the teacher and the child's parents. The method used in this socialization is a discussion method where there is someone as a presenter and there is someone in the audience who asks questions and is answered by the presenter. The results of observations carried out by researchers in Mattirotasi village showed that parents did not contribute enough to their children's education, which had an impact on learning motivation and also the quality of children's education in Mattirotasi village. The impact of the lack of parental contribution can be seen from the large number of children whose cognitive level does not match the child's own age or educational level, there are still many children who behave negatively towards their friends, for example hitting and making fun of their classmates.
Determinan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Periode 2011-2020
Authors: Tri Aprian Yudhistira  , Jeffri Orlando Napitupulu  , Nurul Aisyah Nst  , Asnidar Asnidar  , Ahmad Ridha
Published: September 2024

Sulawesi Province has 7 districts/cities with a Human Development Index level that is not much different from the national Human Development Index, several districts/cities in Sulawesi Province have a Human Development Index below the national Human Development Index. The aim of this research is to analyze the Human Development Index and the factors that influence it in the South Sulawesi region for the 2011-2020 period. This research is quantitative research. The variables used in this research are the Human Development Index, Economic Growth, Poverty Level, and Gini Index. The panel data method is used for analysis in the form of cross data from 7 districts/cities in the South Sulawesi region and time series data for 2011-2020. The results of this research show that Economic Growth has a negative and significant effect on the Human Development Index, Poverty Level has a positive and insignificant effect on the Human Development Index, and the Gini Index has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index in the South Sulawesi region for the 2011-2020 period.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Diabetes Bersama Tropicana Slim Kepada Masyarakat Kelurahan Lateri, Kota Ambon
Authors: Jusuf Leiwakabessy  , Debiyanti De Fretes
Published: September 2024

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and is characterized by increased levels of glucose in the body. This metabolic disease occurs as a result of insufficient insulin secretion. Considering that every person has the right to have, to live a healthy, sustainable and prosperous life. The main target of this activity is the Lateri Village community. Socialization activities are carried out using 1 method, which is power point presentation of material. The specific objectives of implementing socialization to prevent diabetes with Tropicana Slim include increasing awareness of safe, healthy and sustainable living, as well as bringing positive changes in sustainable lifestyle behavior patterns by consuming Tropicana Slim products to stabilize sugar levels in the body.
Pengaruh Mahasiswa Kampus Mengajar Angkatan Ke-6 Pada Pengembangan Keterampilan Pembelajaran Di SDN Kalangsemanding Jombang
Authors: La Masihu Tehuayo
Published: September 2024

This research aims to evaluate the impact of student participation in the campus teaching program 6th generation on the learning process carried out at SDN Kalangsemanding in the subjects of Mathematics, Science, Indonesian. The focus of this research is to identify the impact of the contribution of campus teaching program students 6 to the development of students' learning skills at the elementary school level. The research methods used in this study involve direct observation, interviews, and data analysis to measure improvements in learning skills in the classroom, social interactions with teachers and friends, as well as the positive or negative impacts of this program. The results of the research are expected to provide insight into the effectiveness of campus student participation in teaching 6 in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools. Students can feel inspired by seeing younger students who already have the knowledge and skills they want. The presence of campus students teaching at target schools can motivate students to pursue higher education and pursue their dreams. Students who may initially have difficulty connecting with teachers can still find a stronger connection or identification with younger campus teaching students and a less large age difference can create a better and more interesting learning environment. They were very happy with the presence of students at school, until the time for goodbye arrived, they were not willing to let campus students go to their respective campuses to teach.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Edukasi Dan Pelatihan Tentang Pembuatan Tanaman Hidroponik System Wick Dengan Memanfaatkan Bahan Bekas Melalui Program KZW (Kampung Zero Waste ) Di Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya
Authors: Deavita Lusi Rahmawati  , Ni Made Ida Pratiwi  , Febby Rahmatullah Machrusin
Published: September 2024

Community empowerment is a crucial effort in improving the well-being and environmental sustainability, especially in the Rw 02 Gunungsari area. In the current modern era, waste management and environmental conservation have become central issues faced by the community. Therefore, creative and innovative steps are needed tot address these problems. The surabaya city goverment, particularly the environmental agency, has initiated the MBKM KZW (Zero Waste Village) program involving the entire community of Rw 02 Gunungsari and students from the 17 August 1945 University of Surabaya in an effort to reduce waste and preserve the environment. One approach to achieve this is through education and training on the creation of a wick hydroponick system using recycled materials duet o limited space. The goal of this education and trainning is to enhance the community’s knowledge of the latest agricultural technology and reduce waste by utilizing recycled materials to create a self-sufficient and sustainable environment.
Penataan Administrasi Desa, Kesadaran Hukum, Pemberdayaan UMKM, dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Desa Mojokumpul Kecamatan Kemlagi Mojokerto
Authors: Dadang Purwoari Widodo  , Moch. Fachur Rochman  , Dhorrotun Nafisa  , Lujeng Lutviyah  , Miftakhul Jannah  , Muhammad Ali Ridwan Junaedi  , Yovina Maylanda Cristanti  , Kevin Putra Agustin  , Muhammad Rizaldi Febriyan Amri  , Titi Maimunah  , Titania Nur Isnaini  , Romadhoni Romadhoni  , Setya Budi Anaggara  , Deryl Misbakhul Rizat  , Kennyalia Twist Leksono  , Kiki Putri Yuanastiti  , Leynisstyawan Octavi  , Diajeng Gayatri  , Aditia Dwi Riswanto  , Mokhammad Sulthon Hisam  , Aprillia Ayu Devina Ranti  , Muhammad Naufal Hanan  , Achmad Rahul Ashari  , Christian Yulianto H
Published: September 2024

Counseling, Mentoring and Empowerment are activities to increase community participation in meeting life's needs to resolve problems experienced by the community. Activities are carried out through the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program, which is a community service-based activity to increase student empathy for the conditions of society and the environment. Science KKN is carried out in Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency using service methods such as counseling, training and group mentoring. The results show that there is a positive response from village stakeholders and high active participation from the community, including taking part in an extension program with four activities, namely structuring Village Administration, Legal Awareness, Empowering MSMEs, and Learning Innovation. Apart from that, there are several outputs produced: (1) Strengthening data recording, archiving and reporting Village finances correctly (2) Increasing order, peace, security and justice in Village social life (3) Development of quality, competitiveness and added value of production home and halal certification (4) There has been an increase in discipline and participation in the teaching and learning process in an orderly and structured manner.
The Impact of Work Ability, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on the Work Performance of Employees of the Office of the National Unity and Political Agency of North Sumatra Province
Authors: Nizamuddin  , Wilcan Robain
Published: September 2024

The study aims to determine whether work ability, work discipline and work motivation partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on employee work performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics Agency of North Sumatra Province. The sample was 54 respondents, The results of the study showed that ability had a positive and significant impact on employee work performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics Agency of North Sumatra Province. Tested and acceptable based on the t-value of the work ability variable (X1) is 2.274 and the t-table value is 2.008, then t-count> t-table (2.274> 2.008) and the Sig. value <0.05 The magnitude of the impact of ability (X1) on work performance (Y) is 0.025, Discipline has a positive and significant impact on employee work performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics Agency of North Sumatra Province. Tested and acceptable based on the t-value of the discipline variable (X2) is 8.527 and the t-table value is 2.008, then t-count> t-table (8.527> 2.008) and the Sig. value <0.05 The magnitude of the impact of discipline (X2) on work performance (Y) is 0.686, Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics Agency of North Sumatra Province. Tested and acceptable based on the t-value of the work motivation variable (X3) is 2.939 and the t-table value is 2.008, then t-count> t-table (2.939> 2.008) and the Sig. value <0.05. The magnitude of the impact of work motivation (X3) on work performance (Y) is 0.211 Ability, discipline and work motivation simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on employee work performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics Agency of North Sumatra Province. Tested and acceptable based on the F count value of 75.124 with a significance level of 0.000, greater than the F table value with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05).
Síndrome de Sjögren – Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Vieira Macedo Ricardo Felipe , Renan Porto Coimbra  , Lorena Coutinho Moura da Silva  , Sabrina Dalla Rosa  , Gabriel Pereira da Silva de Mattos  , Davide Marcon Dorneles Ramos  , Julia Eduarda Souza Alves  , Emanuelle Inácio Faleiros  , Zanotto Bárbara Dias , Gabriel Alves Torres  , Camilly Guimarães Costa  , Neves Gabriel dos Santos , Henrique Silveira Lucas , Ferreira Tenório Cesar Lara Eduarda , Ana Julia Garcia Brod Lino
Published: September 2024

A Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) se configura como uma doença autoimune crônica que ataca as glândulas exócrinas, principalmente as salivares e lacrimais, levando ao ressecamento da boca e dos olhos. Mais prevalente em mulheres, na proporção de 9:1, a SS pode afetar outros órgãos e sistemas. A hipossalivação, principal sintoma oral, ocasiona problemas como dificuldade para falar, mastigar e engolir, além de maior suscetibilidade a infecções. O diagnóstico da SS se baseia em critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos, sendo a biópsia da glândula salivar menor (MSGB) considerada padrão ouro. O tratamento, multidisciplinar, envolve diversos profissionais, como dentistas, reumatologistas e oftalmologistas, visando controlar os sintomas, prevenir complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. As medidas terapêuticas incluem estimulação da produção salivar, substituição da saliva, prevenção de cáries, tratamento de infecções fúngicas, controle da inflamação das glândulas salivares e medidas complementares como lágrimas artificiais. Estudos recentes apontam para o Plasma Frio Não Termicamente Gerado (NTAP) como alternativa promissora à sutura na MSGB em pacientes com SS, promovendo cicatrização rápida da ferida e reduzindo o risco de complicações. A SS, embora desafiadora, pode ser controlada com acompanhamento médico adequado e tratamento multidisciplinar individualizado. A pesquisa contínua abre portas para novas abordagens terapêuticas, como o NTAP, que podem trazer benefícios ainda maiores para os pacientes com SS, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida.
As lutas educam? Uma reflexão de história de vida pessoal e profissional
Authors: Perovano-Camargo Leonardo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo explora a trajetória pessoal e profissional de um professor de Educação Física para refletir sobre o papel educativo das lutas, alinhando a experiência vivida com as diretrizes da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Iniciando com a prática de judô no Sesi, o autor relata a introdução a valores como disciplina e respeito em um ambiente orientado por um professor de Educação Física. Em contraste, experiências com karatê, full contact e boxe destacam a influência negativa de abordagens desprovidas de formação pedagógica, evidenciando a necessidade de práticas educacionais fundamentadas. A experiência com jiu-jitsu em um contexto mais voltado ao mercado e a atuação como Personal Trainer ressaltam a importância da adaptação das práticas para respeitar a diversidade e promover um ambiente inclusivo. A reflexão final reafirma que, para que as lutas cumpram um papel educativo eficaz, é essencial uma abordagem pedagógica bem estruturada, que integre aspectos técnicos, éticos e culturais. O artigo defende que um ensino qualificado das lutas contribui para a formação integral do aluno e promove uma visão mais enriquecedora e respeitosa das artes marciais.
Trends of Extreme Temperature and Rainfall Indices for Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
Authors:   Meteorological Research, Education and Training Lead Executive Office, P.O.Box 1090, Ethiopia, Fiseha Mekonnen Elias , Abera Assefa Muhammed ,   Climate Change and Management Lead Executive Officer, Ethiopian Meteorology Institute, P.O.Box 1090 , Ethiopia, Gochaw Ayele Ajebush ,   Climate Change and Management Lead Executive Officer, P.O.Box 1090, Ethiopia
Published: September 2024

The extreme temperature and precipitation index trend analysis for Addis Ababa city is presented in this study. The Bole and Tikur Anbesa observatories, two stations in the capital city of Addis Ababa, provide the temperature and rainfall variation used in this analysis. The RClim-Dex software has been used to find climate extreme indices for Addis Ababa city stations based on climate data for the period 1954 to 2019. The annual total precipitation trend (PRCPTOT) at the 5% significant level exhibits a positive slope at the Addis Ababa observatory and a negative slope at the Addis Ababa Bole station. SDII trends indicate an increase at the 5% significant threshold for both stations. At the 5% significance level, the trends for both stations’ maximum and lowest temperatures show a positive slope. Conversely, both stations exhibit a negative slope in the diurnal temperature ranges. The RClim-Dex results indicate that, while rainfall intensity is decreasing, there is a tendency for annual rainfall indices to increase at the Addis Ababa observatory station, but to decrease at the Bole station. Additionally, there is an upward slope for consecutive wet days for all stations. Nevertheless, steady warming patterns are evident for both the maximum and minimum temperature indices. In contrast, declining trends are shown in the diurnal temperature ranges.
Két lázadás a császári Brazília Pernambuco tartományban alig egy évtizeddel a függetlenné válás után
Authors: Brandão Teixeira Tássia V.
Published: September 2024

The Setembrizada and Novembrada occurred in 1831, amid a political crisis in Brazil following the abdication of Pedro I in favor of his five-year-old son, Pedro II. With the throne vacant, a regency was established to govern the country. However, the regency encountered several challenges, including attempts by the imperial government to centralize power. In Pernambuco, the provincial president, appoin ted by Pedro I, attempted to dissolve the Legislative Assembly in November 1831, sparking a strong popular reaction. The people of Pernambuco rebel led against these authoritarian measures and local corruption.
A független Uruguay születése a brazil–argentin konfliktus során
Authors: Kontra Réka
Published: September 2024

The independence movements of Latin America lasted for a century, with sovereign states emerging in quick succession until 1898. Most of the Latin American countries declared war on the Spanish Monarchy to establish their autonomous governments. The case of Uruguayan independence differed from this process, as it was complicated by the rivalry between Argentina and Brazil. Both countries were dominant in the region and sought to occupy the valuable territory of Uruguay, leading to the Cisplatine War between 1825 and 1828. Uruguayan citizens had to fight against Spanish colonization and the impending occupation of two dominant neighbors concurrently. The diversity of the peoples populating Uruguay manifested in different interests, leading to the formation of various „political” groups. Some advocated for joining Argentina or Brazil, while others preferred Spanish dominance, or fought for freedom. Uruguay achieved independence on August 28, 1828, with the conclusion of the Cisplatine War, when both Brazil and Argentina accepted the independence of the country.
De l’intelligence naturelle à l’intelligence artificielle ou de l’intelligence artificielle à l’intelligence naturelle : Une exploration des liens et des synergies
Authors:   Faculté de Sciences Appliquées, Université de l’Assomption au Congo, Butembo, B.P. 104, République Démocratique du Congo, Héritier Nsenge Mpia , Manassé Nzanzu Munga ,   Faculté de Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Université de l’Assomption au Congo, Butembo, B.P. 104, République Démocratique du Congo, Moïse Katembo Kasolene ,   Faculté de Sciences Appliquées, Université de l’Assomption au Congo, Butembo, B.P. 104, République Démocratique du Congo
Published: September 2024

L'intelligence artificielle (IA) et les technologies connexes ont radicalement changer la façon de penser, d'agir et de vivre les expériences quotidiennes de la vie humaine. Alors que certains consommateurs de ces technologies louent les avancées de l'IA et estiment que cela a permis l'augmentation de l'intelligence humaine, d'autres humains pensent que ces technologies sonnent pas à pas la fin de la race humaine et de son essence ontologique en s'appuyant sur l'idée de la singularité technologique. L'analyse faite dans cet article met en évidence une interaction entre les avantages de l'IA et ses répercussions négatives involontaires, qui peuvent restreindre le rôle des humains, leurs identités personnelles, voire ses implications dans la dynamique sociale qui constitue aussi bien un débat épistémologique dans la sphère scientifique actuelle que la question centrale de cette étude. Cet article explore l'influence de l’IA sur la société moderne et son potentiel à remplacer les emplois humains. L’étude examine ainsi la possibilité de l'intelligence augmentée qui remet en question l’intelligence naturelle. L'étude indique la probabilité d'automatisation d'une profession et souligne les avantages de l'utilisation de l'intelligence augmentée. L'apprentissage profond, dans l’aspect génératif est abordé pour discuter de la faisabilité de l'intelligence augmentée. L’article fait une analyse de la relation entre l’IA et l’intelligence naturelle tout en montrant l’importance de leur cohésion et symbiose pour le bien-être de l’humanité. L’étude conclut que l’IA est dans la dynamique d’amélioration de la productivité humaine et favoriser le développement de la société moderne, mais pas la remplacer. Et, ce processus nécessite l’application de l’éthique.
Changes in the funeral customs of Catholic people in Saigon - Ho Chi Minh city (1954 – 2024) – A view from "Cultural Relativity" Theory
Authors: Phuong Dinh Thien
Published: September 2024

Catholic is a global religion, so Catholic funerals organization expresses Catholic belief in the Resurrection and the cultural nuances of each nation. Over the past 70 years (from 1954 to 2024), the organization of Catholic funerals in Saigon (SG) - Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) has undergone many changes because of urbanization influence and immigration waves as well as cultural diversity of local Catholic communities. This article will present some characteristics of Catholic funerals in SG-HCMC and important changes in dealing with the deceased's body.
Enhancing Global Biomedical Research: Educational Strategies for Bridging the Gap between HICs and LMICs
Authors: Vaishya Raju , Sharma Dhananjaya , Sibal Anupam , Puri Bipin , Manikesi Muralidharan , Vaish Abhishek
Published: September 2024

There is a pressing need to address the noticeable disparity in biomedical research output between High-Income Countries (HICs) and Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). This imbalance raises urgent concerns about equity and the impact on global health. Despite being home to most of the global population, LMICs face numerous challenges that hinder their ability to contribute significantly to research. This review explores the factors contributing to the disparities and proposes potential solutions to address this global imbalance. A comprehensive strategy is needed to tackle the differences in biomedical research productivity between high-income and low-middle-income nations. Enhancing global partnerships, ensuring fair allocation of resources, and prioritizing the development of research capabilities are crucial measures in nurturing a more diverse and influential worldwide biomedical research landscape. Closing this divide is essential for advancing scientific inclusivity and tackling the health issues economically disadvantaged countries face.
Porovnanie úrovne pohyblivosti v členkovom kĺbe smerom do dorzálnej flexie u šprintérov a bežnej populácie
Authors: Glodžák L , Burdová M
Published: September 2024

Výskum sme vykonali na skupine 30 reprezentačných šprintérov, ktorí pretekajú pre rôzne slovenské atletické kluby a na porovnanie sme použili skupinu 30 probandov bežnej populácie. Pomer rozloženia pohlavia bol rovnaký v oboch skupinách, takže v obidvoch skupinách bolo 18 mužov a 12 žien. Rozsah pohyblivosti sme odmerali pomocou Weigh bearing lunge testu. Našim primárnym cieľom bolo zistiť a porovnať pohyblivosť v členkovom kĺbe smerom do dorzálnej flexie vo výpade v uzavretom kinematickom reťazci medzi šprintérmi a bežnou populáciou, ďalším cieľom bolo zistiť rizikové prípady zranenia. Skupine šprintérov bola nameraná pohyblivosť do dorzálnej flexie vo výpade v axiálnom zaťažení na pravej nohe 41,6 stupňov (SD±6,47) a na ľavej nohe 42,3 stupňov (SD±6,08). U skupiny bežnej populácie to bolo v priemere na pravej nohe 45 stupňov (SD±7,54) a na ľavej nohe 44,3 stupňov (SD±6,65). V skupine šprintérov bolo za posledný rok zranených 36,6% probandov a u skupiny bežnej populácie bolo zranených 23,3% probandov. Štatisticky signifikantný rozdiel sme zaznamenali medzi pravou dolnou končatinou u šprintérov a bežnej populácie v prospech bežnej populácie (p<0,05). Tento rozdiel nebol zaznamenaný na ľavej nohe (p- 0,12). Z nameraných výsledkov môžeme skonštatovať, že skupina bežnej populácie má väčší rozsah pohyblivosti smerom do dorzálnej flexie ako skupina šprintérov.
Development of a nitrogen prediction model for 320 tonne converter
Authors:   Hyundai Steel R&D Centre, Yoon C M , Eom C-H ,   Hyundai Steel R&D Centre, Jeon Y D ,   Hyundai Steel R&D Centre, Kim K S ,   Hyundai Steel R&D Centre
Published: September 2024

The carbon neutrality continues to require reduction of carbon usage in ironmaking and steelmaking processes. Specially, it is expected that the hot metal ratio (HMR) in the steelmaking process should be reduced essentially. Unfortunately, the reduction of the HMR in converter can bring about poor environment for nitrogen removal from molten Fe. From this situation, nitrogen prediction model has been developed to understand the fundamental of behaviour of nitrogen and quantitatively interpret its content changes in the converter process. Thermodynamic and kinetic approaches were improved based on existing mathematical model and attempted to predict nitrogen content in real-time by combining process data. In present study, heat supply from the oxidation (mainly carbon and silicon) and CO evolution in the converter are considered, and scrap melting due to the heat transfer from the molten Fe to the solid scrap charged in the converter also be considered.
Flow investigation of multiphase manganese slags
Authors:   Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Rimal V , Tangstad M ,   Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2024

Multiphase slags form the basis of the reduction pathway for manganese ferroalloy production. The present work aims to understand the flow of slag through the coke bed based on experimentation in controlled conditions. Synthetic slags of different basicities were evaluated for their phase composition, viscosity, and flow. The two-phase slag will have two zones: a liquid slag zone and a multiphase zone. The multiphase zone will consist mostly of a solid phase with some liquid slag between the solid particles. The multiphase part will hence have a high viscosity. The liquid zone will flow into the coke bed while the multiphase area will stay. With increasing reduction, the multiphase area will decrease in size until the solid phase is gone and the whole slag will flow into the coke bed. The effective viscosity of slag will decrease with the lowering of the solid oxide phase. The results from flow experiments confirmed that the segregation of phases occurs when slag flows through the coke bed. It is observed that the flow is dependent both on the size of the void and the viscosity of slag.
Advancement in experimental methodologies to produce phase equilibria and thermodynamic data in multicomponent systems
Authors:   University of Queensland, Shevchenko M , Shishin D ,   University of Queensland, Jak E ,   University of Queensland
Published: September 2024

One of the key aspects to develop sustainable metallurgical production is to ensure that the predictive power of thermodynamic tools is brought up to a new level of accuracy and reliability. Exploring new polymetallic processes, integrating primary and recycled materials, means utilising the uncharted areas within the Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe-Ca-Al-Mg-Si-O (major) – Cr-Na (slagging) – As-Sn-Sb-Bi-Ag-Au-Ni-Co (minor) slag-solids-metal-matte-speiss-sulfate system. This requires extensive integrated experimental and thermodynamic modelling study, which is underway at PyroSearch at the University of Queensland (UQ). Recent improvements in experimental methodology allowed: * Generating over a thousand equilibrium data points per annum by high-temperature (400–1750°C) equilibration, quenching, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) technique at laboratory-controlled oxidation/reduction conditions. * Studying previously impossible systems by smart choice of substrates corresponding to system conditions, one example being rhenium foil for Sn- and Sb-rich slags. * Systematic updates in the properties of pure components/endmembers to provide self-consistent heat capacities from -273 to >3000°C in all phases, enthalpies of phase transition and melting points. The accuracy of measurements also increased. For instance, selected compounds with well-known stoichiometry were systematically used as a set of secondary standards. Also, effects of secondary X-ray fluorescence were addressed. As the experimental techniques improve, new areas of compositions are revealed, which are not necessarily easy to describe using the existing thermodynamic model frameworks. Examples of these areas are: miscibility gaps in silicate systems, many of which never accurately measured before; multicomponent 4-phase liquid equilibria slag-matte-metal-speiss; liquidus temperatures for extremely high melting oxides CaO, MgO, NiO and SnO2.
An investigative study on the interfacial behaviour of waste graphite resource with liquid iron
Authors:   UNSW Sydney, Biswal S , Udayakumar S ,   UNSW Sydney, Pahlevani F ,   UNSW Sydney, Sarmadi N ,   UNSW Sydney, Sahajwalla V ,   UNSW Sydney
Published: September 2024

Recent times have witnessed a notable momentum in the interest surrounding technology dedicated to harnessing waste as valuable resources, prompted by the mounting challenges posed by waste accumulation and the swift depletion of natural resources. The carbon dissolution process within a molten iron bath stands as a pivotal reaction within the metal processing sector. The current study explores the utilisation of waste graphite electrodes (WGE) (obtained after being utilised in an electric arc furnace) as a secondary resource of carbon for dissolution into liquid iron. Experimental investigations were carried out at 1550°C using the sessile drop approach. High purity iron powder was used and the carbonaceous substrates were prepared from the ground WGE. The carbon pickup was determined using a suitable carbon analyser. Furthermore, an examination of the interfacial area between the molten iron and the WGE substrate was conducted beneath the metallic droplet, which effectively represents the iron/carbon interface. This interfacial analysis was carried out on two different samples obtained after a varying period of heat treatments at 1550°C. The interface layer was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
The interaction between slag and MgO refractory at conditions relevant to nickel laterite ore smelting
Authors:   PT Bukit Asam, Putra Y H , Zulhan Z ,   Bandung Institute of Technology, Pradana A D ,   PT Gunbuster Nickel Industry, Pradana D R ,   PT Gunbuster Nickel Industry, Hidayat T ,   Bandung Institute of Technology
Published: September 2024

The high temperature processing of nickel laterite ore is currently dominated by the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) technology. The ratio of SiO2/MgO (S/M) in the ore is one of the critical parameters that determines the success of the RKEF process. Incompatible S/M ratios in the ore can cause aggressive chemical interaction between the slag and MgO refractory. The slag-refractory interaction at conditions relevant to nickel laterite ore smelting was investigated in the present study. Synthetic mixtures representing the slag compositions of nickel laterite ore smelting were prepared by mixing MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, and Fe and heating the mixtures in steel containers at 1300°C under an argon atmosphere for 3 hrs. Pure MgO crucible were used as containment material in the melting process of the mixtures to represent the MgO refractory. The kinetics of the slag-refractory reaction were investigated using samples with selected initial S/M ratios of 2.0 and 3.0 (wt/wt) (with constant CaO = 3 wt per cent, Al2O3 = 5 wt per cent, FeO = 10 wt per cent) by performing melting at 1500°C in MgO crucibles for 5, 30, and 120 mins under an argon atmosphere. The effect of the S/M ratio in slag on the slag-refractory interaction was also investigated by performing melting of mixtures with different initial S/M ratios of 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 (wt/wt) in MgO crucibles at 1500°C for 120 mins under an argon atmosphere. After the melting process, each sample was quenched in water, mounted in resin, ground, polished, and coated. The interaction between the slags and MgO refractory was then evaluated by analysing the polished samples using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Thermodynamic simulations using FactSage™ 8.0 thermochemical software were performed based on the experimental slag compositions, refractory, and conditions to support the evaluation process. The results show that a higher S/M ratio in slag leads to a higher tendency for the refractory component to dissolve into the slag. A higher S/M ratio in slag also leads to an increasing extent of solid-state diffusion of iron oxide into the remaining refractory grains. The dissolution of MgO into the slag is rapid; the MgO concentration in the final slag increased by 2.4 wt per cent and 5.7 wt per cent at initial S/M ratios of 2.0 and 3.0 wt/wt, respectively, within 5 and 30 mins of the melting process.
Experimental study and thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria in the FeO-FeO1.5-SbO1.5-SiO2 system in equilibrium with metal
Authors:   University of Queensland, Abdeyazdan H , Shevchenko M ,   University of Queensland, Grogan J ,   Gopher Resource, Graf D ,   Gopher Resource, Jak E ,   University of Queensland
Published: September 2024

An integrated experimental and thermodynamic modelling study of the phase equilibria in the FeO-FeO1.5-SbO1.5-SiO2 system in equilibrium with liquid Sb and Sb-Ag metal has been undertaken to develop thermodynamic model of the Na-Si-Fe-O slag system with S-Sn-Sb-Pb-As minor elements based on the experimental investigation of the selected sub-systems. New experimental phase equilibria data at 575–1600°C were obtained for this system using high-temperature equilibration of synthetic mixtures with predetermined compositions in sealed silica ampoules, Fe3O4 basket in sealed silica ampoule, or Re foils, a rapid quenching technique, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis of the equilibrated phase compositions. Experimental results on phase equilibria in the Fe-Sb-Si-O+Sb metal system obtained helped to produce initial set of model parameters in the slag. The primary phase fields of quartz/tridymite/cristobalite (SiO2), 2 high-SiO2 immiscible liquids, olivine (Fe2SiO4), wustite (FeO1+x), spinel (Fe3O4), schafarzikite (FeSb2O4) and valentinite/ senarmontite (Sb2O3) were identified in the binary Sb2O3-FeO, Sb2O3-SiO2 and ternary FeO-Sb2O3-SiO2 systems. Further refinement, particularly the distribution of excess Gibbs energy among the ‘FeO’-Sb2O3-SiO2 and ‘FeO1.5’-Sb2O3-SiO2 interactions, required the study at more oxidising conditions. Oxygen potential was increased using an inert metal (Ag) rather than using the gas flow due to the high volatility of Sb-containing gaseous species. Liquid Ag-Sb alloys with low concentrations of Sb of a few percent were used. At these conditions, the concentration of AgO0.5 in slag was below 1 mol per cent, which had a small effect on observed phase equilibria in the system. In addition, important information on the solubility of silver in slags is produced, which can be valuable when treating electronic recycling materials or primary silver-containing ores through the Pb process. Two main areas were addressed: the spinel-tridymite boundary (40–70 per cent SiO2 in slag) and spinel liquidus near 15 per cent SiO2 in slag. This allowed to deconvolute the separate contributions of the FeO-Sb2O3(-SiO2) and Fe2O3-Sb2O3(-SiO2) systems.
Study on change in mould slag characteristics during casting Ti containing steel grades
Authors:   Tata Steel Ltd, Sahoo P P , Ranjan M ,   Tata Steel Ltd, Palai P ,   Tata Steel Ltd, Borra C R ,   Tata Steel Ltd
Published: September 2024

Change in mould slag composition during casting of medium alloy steel is caused by the redox reaction between molten steel and mould flux. Mould flux generally contains a certain amount of SiO2, but elements such as Al, Mn and Ti in high/medium alloy steels reduce SiO2 in the mould flux, causing remarkable changes in the composition of the mould slag. As a result, the properties of the mould slag change greatly as continuous casting proceeds. This causes casting instability, process abnormality and casting defects. Effect of Ti as an alloying element in steel on mould slag is studied extensively through high temperature laboratory measurements and plant measurements. TiO2 gets picked up by the mould slag up to 3 per cent during casting a steel grade containing 0.1 per cent Ti. This changes the mould slag composition and results in decreasing the slag viscosity by up to 10 per cent and decreases slag break temperature by 30–40°C.
Combining the power of computational thermochemistry with the convenience of Python within the digital platforms of SMS group GmbH
Authors:   SMS Group GmbH, Khadhraoui S , Reuter M ,   SMS Group GmbH, Akouch A ,   SMS Group GmbH, Kirmse C ,   SMS Digital GmbH, Yusuf T ,   SMS Group GmbH, Degel R ,   SMS Group GmbH, Borowski N ,   SMS Group GmbH, Hecker E ,   SMS Group GmbH
Published: September 2024

For an optimal design and control of metallurgical processes, a deep understanding of the thermodynamics of the governing reactions is required. Modelling the thermochemical behaviour of those reactions is complex, as it involves multi-component and multi-phase systems. For this purpose, thermodynamic computing systems such as FactSage™ (Bale et al, 2016), which combine Gibbs energy minimisation routines with large databases of optimised thermodynamic data of solutions and compounds, have been used within the SMS group GmbH. Recently, the successful integration of those thermodynamic computing systems into the digital platforms of SMS has been achieved through ChemApp, which made running complex thermochemical calculations in Python-integrated development environments possible. ChemApp is a programmer’s package for thermochemistry and incorporates the Gibbs energy minimiser of FactSage™ as reported by Petersen and Hack (2007) as well as by Zietsman and Petersen (2018). The digital platforms link the fundamental and the industrial aspects together and can be applied as a process advisor, or for the evaluation of the environmental footprint and the economic implications of different process routes, as discussed by Reuter (2023). Two examples illustrating the progress of the developments in this regard will be introduced: 1. The Tilting Refining Furnace (TRF) for copper scrap recycling and refining to anode copper (the BlueControlApp). 2. Dephosphorisation control for the oxygen steelmaking process (Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)).
Distribution of impurity elements in oxygen-enriched top-blowing nickel smelting with Fe extraction-oriented slag adjustment
Authors:   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Cao G , Zhao J ,   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Wang J ,   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Yue S ,   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Li B ,   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Zheng J ,   Jinchuan Nonferrous Metal Group Corporation, Cui Y ,   Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Zong H ,   Jinchuan Nonferrous Metal Group Corporation
Published: September 2024

The iron (Fe) concentration in nickel slag is high, making its recovery and utilisation a hot and challenging topic. In the nickel smelting process, using CaO instead of SiO2 to adjust slag’s composition, and then directly reducing Fe from the output of molten slag is a more feasible method in practice for Fe recovery in nickel slag. The adjustment of slag’s composition in the nickel smelting process will have an impact on the distribution of impurity elements such as Pb, Zn, and As. In this paper, the slag adjustment of nickel smelting process was carried out with the oxygen-enriched top-blowing system. The distribution of impurity elements in the smelting products with each composition slag was conducted by using thermodynamic software. Experimental verification was performed with rich oxygen top-blowing, and the distribution characteristics of impurity elements in the smelting products were characterised to explore the differences in mineral phases of impurity elements with each smelting conditions, elucidating the distribution patterns of Pb, Zn, and As in each phase. The results indicate that after slag adjustment, impurity elements are more easily to volatilisation and removal into the gas, reducing their total concentration in slag and matte. In the slag, the existence form of Pb, Zn is changed from silicate to ferrate, and As is changed from arsenate to low-valent arsenic oxide. It is easier to decompose the impurity-containing mineral phase and remove the impurity elements in the subsequent iron extraction process.
Phase equilibria of Al2TiO5–Ti3O5 pseudobrookite solid solution in the Al2O3–TiOx system under various oxygen partial pressures
Authors:   Pohang University of Science and Technology, Park Y-J , Kim W-Y ,   POSCO Holdings, Kang Y-B ,   Pohang University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2024

The phase equilibria in the Al2O3–TiOx system were investigated in wide ranges of temperature and oxygen partial pressure: 1300~1600°C and 10-16.6~10-8 atm, respectively. The equilibrium phases and their compositions were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), respectively. Most noticeably, a wide range of pseudobrookite solid solution was found in equilibrium with almost pure alumina. At each temperature, the cationic ratio expressed as RTi = nTi/(nAl + nTi)) of the pseudobrookite solid solution showed a noteworthy dependency on the oxygen partial pressure. This resulted in the formation of a broad range of pseudobrookite solid solutions, ranging from Al2TiO5 (RTi = 1/3) to Ti3O5 (RTi = 1.0). Complete miscibility within the pseudobrookite solid solution was observed at 1600°C, with only a minor miscibility gap becoming evident below 1500°C. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the behaviours of Al2TiO5 pseudobrookite have implications in two key domains: (1) understanding changes in the physical properties of the materials, and (2) elucidating the evolution of Al–Ti complex oxide inclusions in liquid steel which can deteriorate the steel cleanliness.
In situ analysis of steelmaking slags and mold fluxes at elevated temperatures using a remote fibre-optic Raman probe
Authors:   Missouri University of Science and Technology, Tekle H , Zhang B ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology, Sander T ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology, Smith J D ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology, Gerald II R E ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology, Huang J ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology, O’Malley R J ,   Missouri University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2024

In the steelmaking process, mold fluxes are essential for ensuring thermal insulation, refining, and the efficiency of continuous casting. Real-time understanding of the in-service composition of slags and fluxes are crucial for optimising the steel production process and improving the quality of the final product. An in situ fibre-optic Raman probe that enables the study of the structure, composition, and viscosity of molten slags and fluxes at steelmaking temperatures has been developed and demonstrated both in the lab and in foundry scale experiments. The focus of this study is on the structural, compositional, and property analysis of molten fluxes in a laboratory setting, with the aim of applying this technology for in situ monitoring during industrial production. Raman spectra were successfully collected at various temperatures from 1000°C to 1400°C in real-time and analysed using a deconvolution algorithm to isolate and quantify peaks in the spectra associated with the specific structures of molecular components in molten and solidifying flux. The research successfully combines in situ Raman spectroscopy with high-temperature viscosity data, specifically targeting CaO-CaF-SiO2-Al2O3 based mould flux systems. Specified ratios of the deconvoluted Raman peaks, such as Al-O-Al/Si-O-Si ratio, shows good correlation with the flux chemistry, while the Q3/Q0 peak ratio shows good correlation with viscosity. A ruggedised Raman probe system was also developed and demonstrated in an 80 kg induction furnace. Ultimately, the goal of this work is to demonstrate in situ slag and mould flux analysis in industrial processes, such as in the continuous caster or electric arc furnace (EAF).