bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Drug Delivery Approaches for the Treatment of Occlusive Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Todd Meagan , Nair Pradeep K. , Ohayon Jacques , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Yazdani Saami K.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Local Liquid drug (LLD) delivery devices have recently emerged as a novel approach to treat peripheral arterial disease. This systemic review aims to identify and evaluate the clinical utility of the most commonly used delivery devices.

Methods:

A systemic review was performed using the Medical Subjects Heading terms of “drug delivery,” “liquid,” “local,” and “cardiovascular disease” in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus.

Results:

Four commonly used delivery devices were identified, including (1) the Bullfrog Micro-Infusion Device, (2) the ClearWay RX Catheter, (3) the Occlusion Perfusion Catheter, and (4) the Targeted Adjustable Pharmaceutical Administration. All have shown to successfully deliver liquid therapeutic into the target lesion and have exhibited favorable safety and efficacy profiles in preclinical and clinical trials. The LLD devices have the ability to treat very long or multiple lesions with a single device, providing a more economical option. The safety profile in LLD clinical studies is also favorable in view of recent concerns regarding adverse events with crystalline-paclitaxel–coated devices.

Conclusion:

There is clear clinical evidence to support the concept of local liquid delivery to treat occlusive arterial disease.

Clinical Impact

The ‘leave nothing behind’ strategy has been at the forefront of the most recent innovations in the field of interventional cardiology and vascular interventions. Although drug coated balloons have overcome limitations associated with plain old balloon angioplasty and peripheral stents, recent safety concerns and cost considerations have impacted their usage. In this review, various liquid drug delivery devices are presented, showcasing their capabilities and success in both preclinical and clinical settings. These innovative liquid delivery devices, capable of targeted delivery and their ability to be re-used for multiple treatment sites, may provide solutions for current unmet clinical needs.
Regression of Graft Steatosis After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Meyer Helene , Maurer Martin H. , Staufer Katharina , Berzigotti Annalisa , Banz Vanessa ,   Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Liver grafts with limited steatosis are currently used for liver transplantation, but the natural history of graft steatosis is not well known. Project Aims or Questions: This program evaluation aimed at assessing changes of steatosis after liver transplantation. Design: A retrospective chart review was performed assessing presence and severity of steatosis in the liver explant and in time zero donor graft biopsies carried out at the time-point of liver transplantation on histopathology and on imaging one year thereafter in 30 well characterized patients. Results: Ten patients (33%) showed steatosis on explant. Time zero biopsy revealed steatosis in 18 grafts (60%) and no steatosis in 12 (40%). One year after transplantation, 8 patients (27%) had steatosis and 22 patients (63%) had none. Fourteen patients (47%) showed changes in steatosis: 12 showed resolution and 2 showed de novo steatosis. Explant macrovesicular steatosis was associated with presence of steatosis 1 year after transplantation (binary logistic regression model, p = 0.014), but not macrovesicular steatosis in the donor graft at time-point of transplantation. Conclusion: Resolution of graft steatosis was frequent. Presence of steatosis in the recipient's liver, but not graft steatosis, was a risk factor for steatosis 1 year after transplantation. Factors related to the recipient seem to prevail over donor-related factors in determining the persistence or de novo appearance of steatosis after liver transplantation.
In vitro testing of a funnel-tip catheter with different clot types to decrease clot migration in mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Payne Emily S. , Krost-Reuhl Samantha , Heimann Axel , Keric Naureen , Masomi-Bornwasser Julia , Gerber Tiemo , Seidman Larissa , Kirschner Stefanie , Brockmann Marc A. , Tanyildizi Yasemin
Published: September 2022

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke in patients with large vessel occlusion and can be performed up to 24h after symptom onset. Despite high recanalization rates, embolism in new territories has been reported in 8.6% of the cases. Causes for this could be clot abruption during stent retrieval into the smaller opening of a standard distal access catheter, and antegrade blood flow via collaterals despite proximal balloon protection. A funnel-shaped tip with a larger internal diameter was developed to increase the rate of first-pass recanalization and to improve the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

This in vitro study compared the efficacy of a funnel-shaped tip with a standard tip in combination with different clot compositions. Mechanical thrombectomy was performed 80 times for each tip, using two stent retrievers (Trevo XP ProVue 3/20 mm, 4/20 mm) and four different clot types (hard vs. soft clots, 0–24h vs. 72h aged clots).

Results

Significantly higher first-pass recanalization rates (mTICI 3) were observed for the funnel-shaped tip, 70.0% versus 30.0% for the standard tip (absolute difference, 32; relative difference 57.1%; P < .001), regardless of the clot type and stent retriever. Recanalization could be increased using harder Chandler loop clots versus softer statically generated clots, as well as 0–24h versus 72h aged clots, respectively.

Conclusion

The funnel-shaped tip achieved higher first-pass recanalization rates than the smaller standard tip and lower rates of clot abruption at the tip. Clot compositions and aging times impacted recanalization rates.
Rickettsia conorii: Unusual case of acute aortic thrombosis
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Iria , Fernández Lorenzo Javier , de Sá Jose Manuel Encisa
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Mediterranean spotted fever is a common zoonosis in Europe caused by Rickettsia conorii bacterium . Among its wide range of clinical presentations, arterial thrombosis of large vessels has never been described before.

Methods

We report a case of a complete acute infrarenal aortic thrombosis in a 61-year-old male with R. conorii infection .

Results and Conclusion

The patient was successfully operated using open aortic surgery and subsequent treatment with doxycycline. To our knowledge, this is the first report of aortic thrombosis associated with infection by this parasite, extending the clinical spectrum of the disease.
Declining first-ever stroke incidence rates in 15- to 54-year-old residents of Tartu, Estonia, from 1991 to 2017
Authors: Kõrv Liisa , Vibo Riina , Kõrv Janika
Published: September 2022

Background:

Having a stroke at a young age has a huge socioeconomic impact. Data on the trends of stroke incidence in young adults from prospective population-based studies are scarce.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in stroke incidence in 15- to 54-year-old residents of Tartu, Estonia from 1991 to 2017.

Methods:

Three population-based studies with identical study protocols determining the incidence of first-ever stroke have previously been conducted in Tartu, Estonia (1991–1993, 2001–2003, and 2013–2017). All residents of Tartu with first-ever stroke (ischemic stroke, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) who were hospitalized to the Department of Neurology, Tartu University Hospital in respective study periods were included prospectively. Overlapping data sources for case ascertainment were used to include both hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases. Trends in first-ever stroke incidence in 15- to 54-year-old residents of Tartu were calculated and compared using rate ratio (RR).

Results:

Altogether 259 strokes were identified. From 1991 to 2017, the proportion of women increased from 38.3% to 43.6%. Mean age at onset in women decreased from 46.9 (standard deviation (SD): 7.3) to 42.6 (SD: 8.9). Overall crude incidence rates per 100,000 decreased significantly from 1991 to 2003 (from 57.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 46.9–69.1) to 35.7 (95% CI: 25.7–48.3)); RR: 0.62 (95% CI: 0.44–0.89). While also present in women, the decrease was most notable in 45- to 54-year-old men (RR: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30–0.99)). In 35- to 44-year-old men, the incidence rates decreased significantly from 2001 to 2017 (RR: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.14–0.99)).

Conclusion:

The overall first-ever stroke incidence rates decreased from 1991 to 2003 and remained stable thereafter.
Coach competence, justice, and authentic leadership: An athlete satisfaction model
Authors: Soto-García Diego , Reynoso-Sánchez Luis F , García-Herrero Juan A , Gómez-López Manuel , Carcedo Rodrigo J
Published: September 2022

This study analyzed the relationship between athletes' perception of coach competence and their satisfaction, mediated by the influence of authentic leadership and perceived justice in team sports players. A cross-sectional study carried out with 115 (49.6% women and 50.4% men; 17.96 ± 2.85 years old; 8.18 ± 4.67 years of experience), soccer (53.9%), and handball (46.1%) players, all members of performance teams. The player's perception of coach competency, authentic leadership, justice, and satisfaction with the coach was measured. Correlation between variables and comparison throughout gender, sport, and experience were analyzed. Also, a multiple sequential mediation model was tested (coach competence → authentic leadership → coach justice → satisfaction with the coach, 95% CI 10,000 bootstrapping). There was a significant relationship ( p < 0.05) between all the variables, differences in the perception of satisfaction with the coach based on sport, and the perception of coach justice related to the years of experience in the sport. The multiple sequential mediation model (ɖ21 = 0.468; p < 0.001; IE = 0.098; CI = 0.020; 0.183), and the total indirect effect (IE = 0.310; CI = 0.138; 0.479) were significant. In conclusion, the results suggest that athletes emphasize that if the coach is competent and promotes justice to achieve the athlete's satisfaction without neglecting the influence of their authentic leadership style, this can strengthen their relationship and satisfaction with the coach.
Development and clinical usefulness of a unique red dichromatic imaging technology in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A narrative review
Authors: Uraoka Toshio , Igarashi Makoto
Published: September 2022

Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) allows real-time high-contrast imaging of a targeted lesion without any special equipment. Among various IEE technologies, narrow-band imaging, in which a light of shorter wavelength is used, emphasizes the surface and blood vessel patterns on the mucosal surface. This technology has been widely used in endoscopic diagnosis in the gastrointestinal tract. Red dichromatic imaging (RDI) was recently developed; it utilizes lights of longer wavelengths (520–550, 595–610, and 620–640 nm), which have weak light scattering characteristics in contrast to narrow-band imaging. RDI was designed to enhance the visibility of deep-lying blood vessels and areas of bleeding, and it has been installed in the latest Olympus endoscopy system, EVIS X1, as an advanced version of the optical-digital method that was originally developed. Improving the visibility of deep blood vessels allows more accurate evaluation of esophageal varices and the degree of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Easier identification of a bleeding source makes hemostasis quicker and easier to accomplish during endoscopic resection procedures such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and peroral endoscopic myotomy as well as during treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding from a peptide ulcer or colon diverticulum. The authors herein review the technological development and principles, review the existing literature on RDI, and discuss the utility and effectiveness of this unique IEE technology in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Development and Validation of Inpatient Hypoglycemia Models Centered Around the Insulin Ordering Process
Authors: Wright Aileen P. , Embi Peter J. , Nelson Scott D. , Smith Joshua C. , Turchin Alexander , Mize Dara E.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The insulin ordering process is an opportunity to provide clinicians with hypoglycemia risk predictions, but few hypoglycemia models centered around the insulin ordering process exist.

Methods:

We used data on adult patients, admitted in 2019 to non-ICU floors of a large teaching hospital, who had orders for subcutaneous insulin. Our outcome was hypoglycemia, defined as a blood glucose (BG) <70 mg/dL within 24 hours after ordering insulin. We trained and evaluated models to predict hypoglycemia at the time of placing an insulin order, using logistic regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). We compared performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) and precision-recall curves. We determined recall at our goal precision of 0.30.

Results:

Of 21 052 included insulin orders, 1839 (9%) were followed by a hypoglycemic event within 24 hours. Logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models had AUCs of 0.81, 0.80, and 0.79, and recall of 0.44, 0.49, and 0.32, respectively. The most significant predictor was the lowest BG value in the 24 hours preceding the order. Predictors related to the insulin order being placed at the time of the prediction were useful to the model but less important than the patient’s history of BG values over time.

Conclusions:

Hypoglycemia within the next 24 hours can be predicted at the time an insulin order is placed, providing an opportunity to integrate decision support into the medication ordering process to make insulin therapy safer.
Adapting the Australian Environmental Assessment Tool—High Care (EAT-HC): Experiences and Practical Implications From Germany, Japan, and Singapore
Authors: Fahsold Anne , Brennan Sumiyo , Doan Therese , Sun Joanna , Palm Rebecca , Verbeek Hilde , Holle Bernhard
Published: September 2022

Background:

Assessing the built environment in nursing homes is part of several established instruments. Measurements are primarily published in English, so there is a need for cross-cultural adaptation to be able to use them in other countries. This procedure should be carried out alongside translation guidelines to ensure successful adaptation not only for assessments that capture complex constructs, such as the built environment, but also for assessments to be applied in healthcare in general.

Objective:

This article presents different approaches to adopt the Australian Environmental Assessment Tool—High Care (EAT-HC) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for instrument translation. The comparison of these processes should provide implications for further adaptations of the instrument.

Methods:

The adaptation processes carried out in Germany, Japan, and Singapore were compared using thematic analysis. Steps taken to achieve linguistic validation and to adopt the tool were analyzed qualitatively in the context of overarching needs for adjustment.

Results:

Every perspective adapted the WHO guidelines for their respective purposes of applying the EAT-HC. The order of steps varied, but elements to validate the results with the instruments’ creators and to ensure validity were included in all three countries. For items that might be challenging, we detected possible reasons that might help future adaptors manage this process more efficiently.

Conclusion:

The EAT-HC benefits from adaptation alongside the WHO guidelines in terms of enhancing the quality of translation and feasibility of application. Individual supplementary adaptation steps allow the identification of culture-specific needs for application in other countries.
Diffusion-Proofing Protest Paradigm: Mass Media and China's Prevention of Social Movement Spillover During the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement
Authors: Huang Vincent Guangsheng , Li Xueqing
Published: September 2022

Studies on the “protest paradigm” have long explored how a society's mass media system frames the social movements occurring within that society. This study adopts a social movement diffusion perspective to sharpen the transborder dimension of the protest paradigm. Specifically, we introduce the concept of the “diffusion-proofing” protest paradigm, given that an understudied and undertheorized function of the protest paradigm is the prevention of the import of exogenous social movements. Taking the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement as an example, we investigate how mainland China's mass media acted to prevent movement diffusion. Four transborder components of the diffusion-proofing protest paradigm are proposed: reactions, attributions, consequences, and solutions. Through content analysis, we argue that by highlighting these transborder components, China's newspapers attributed the movement's rise to foreign intervention, emphasized the movement's negative effects on both Hong Kong and mainland China, and revealed the uncompromising nature of China's reaction and the urgency of cross-border cooperation for containing the movement and its diffusion. Further, we identify two modes of reporting: a mainly descriptive mode that relied on a local framework to depict the movement and its local context and an evaluative mode that emphasized the level of deviance and foreign intervention, thus amplifying the movement's transborder effects and the need to prevent its diffusion. Notably, the level of deviance acts as a mediating channel between the two modes, transforming the local framework into a transborder one. The diffusion-proofing protest paradigm is also found to vary across media types and periods.
Biomechanically Informed Bowing: Revisiting Rolland’s Principles of Violin Playing
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Fairbanks Stephen Thomas
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to revisit the biomechanical concepts of Paul Rolland’s scholarship on bowing to provide a new framework of Rolland’s underlying bowing principles. First, we discuss how whole body movements help facilitate natural bowing, which can generate better tone efficiently from freedom of movement. Second, we attend to the movements of the bow arm, which can be conceptualized as the natural rotation of the arm. Third, we comment upon the concept of balance, concerning bow hold, leverage, and bow pressure while discussing the particulars of finger placement, its function in bowing, and balance and leverage in the bow arm. The concepts of whole body, movement, and balance should be considered in variable conditions considering the relationship between body parts and the whole. Also, the three biomechanical concepts are not independent or self-sufficient but correlated ideas. Not only do these ideas help with the acquisition of technical skills, but they also pave the way for a pleasing and natural tone quality as well as enhanced musical expression.
Numerical study on the long rod penetration into ceramic target
Authors: Wu Yishun , Wen Ken , Chen Xiaowei
Published: September 2022

There are three failure modes for long rod impacting ceramic target at different velocities, that is, interface defeat, dwell transition to penetration, and direct penetration. To study the three failure modes, a numerical model of long rod impacting ceramic armor is constructed with FEM-SPH coupling technique in this study. Compared with the experimental results, the reliabilities of the algorithms, boundary conditions, and material constants in the numerical models have been comprehensively verified. The different processes and damage mechanisms of interface defeat, dwell transition to penetration and direct penetration are simulated and analyzed. By analyzing the ceramic damage during interface defeat and dwell transition to penetration, it is found that the comminuted zone achieving the surface of ceramic, marks the trigger of penetration. Simulations confirm for the first time that the nose shape of the long rod will change during the penetration of ceramics, which leads to the irregular penetration channel inside the ceramics.
Familial Mediterranean fever: a differential diagnosis for the surgical abdomen
Authors: Cliff-Patel Nikita , Yusuf Baasil Syed , Hamdani Shazia , Ziauddin Veqas
Published: September 2022

FMF is characterised by dysregulation of the inflammatory process in the body, presenting as recurrent episodes of serositis. Patients with FMF commonly present with episodes of fever, peritonitis, synovitis, pleuritis, arthritis, and occasionally pericarditis. We present a case of a young 19-year old female, who presented to hospital four times over several months with intermittent fevers, abdominal pain and pleuritic chest pain. After being initially admitted under the surgical team, she was reviewed by the medical team who referred her for genetic testing, which subsequently confirmed the diagnosis. She was started on colchicine, and her symptoms remain well controlled one-year post diagnosis.
A real-time algorithm for the detection of compensatory movements during reaching
Authors: Averell Edward , Knox Don , van Wijck Frederike
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Interactive game systems can motivate stroke survivors to engage with their rehabilitation exercises. However, it is crucial that systems are in place to detect if exercises are performed correctly as stroke survivors often perform compensatory movements which can be detrimental to recovery. Very few game systems integrate motion tracking algorithms to monitor performance and detect such movements. This paper describes the development of algorithms which monitor for compensatory movements during upper limb reaching movements in real-time and provides quantitative metrics for health professionals to monitor performance and progress over time.

Methods: A real-time algorithm was developed to analyse reaching motions in real-time through a low-cost depth camera. The algorithm segments cyclical reaching motions into component parts, including compensatory movement, and provides a graphical representation of task performance. Healthy participants ( n = 10) performed reaching motions facing the camera. The real-time accuracy of the algorithm was assessed by comparing offline analysis to real-time collection of data.

Results: The algorithm’s ability to segment cyclical reaching motions and detect the component parts in real-time was assessed. Results show that movement types can be detected in real time with accuracy, showing a maximum error of 1.71%.

Conclusions: Using the methods outlined, the real-time detection and quantification of compensatory movements is feasible for integration within home-based, repetitive task practice game systems for people with stroke.
Is the future scarless? – Fibroblasts as targets for scarless wound healing: a narrative review
Authors: Parry Dylan , Allison Keith
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Scarless healing is the ideal outcome of wound healing and is exhibited in some species. This narrative review assembles the current understanding of fibroblast heterogenicity along with the latest fibroblast-related targets for scar reduction therapies. Human regenerative wound healing is deemed possible due to the wound regeneration already seen in the early gestation foetus. Methods: This literature narrative review was undertaken by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar to find articles concerning the fibroblast involvement in wound healing. We evaluated and collated these articles to form a consensus of the current understanding of the field. Discussion: This article describes current understanding of fibroblast heterogenicity and involvement in wound healing, focusing on the role of fibroblasts during physiological scarring. We also present the current most promising targets involving fibroblasts in the reduction of scarring and how we can manipulate the behaviour of fibroblasts to mimic the wound regeneration models in the human foetus. These targets include the pro-fibrotic EN1 positive fibroblast lineage, TGFβ1 inhibition, and genetic therapies utilising miRNAs and siRNAs. Conclusion: No therapies are currently available to eradicate scarring; however, treatment options are available to reduce the appearance of scarring. Further research into the heterogenicity and interactions of fibroblasts in both the foetus and adult is needed, and this may lead to the development of novel treatments against scarring.

Lay Summary

Scarless healing refers to the repair of a wound with minimal residual scarring. The main cell responsible for the repair process is the fibroblast. It is now understood that there are different types of fibroblasts. Simply, some of these fibroblasts lead to scarring and some lead to regeneration. The early human foetus has mainly regenerative fibroblasts, but during aging the number of scarring fibroblasts increase to become the majority in the adult . Understanding how we can modify this process may ultimately result in the reduction in scarring. Currently, scar reduction therapies are aimed at optimal wound healing, surgical removal of abnormal scars, and using steroids and other drugs to encourage better wound repair by limiting the effect of scarring fibroblasts. Future therapies aim to target specific groups of fibroblasts to encourage regenerative wound healing. This narrative review aims to cover the current understanding of the different groups of fibroblasts and their effect on wound healing. We also cover the current and potential therapies that can be used to reduce scarring and suggest further areas for research in this field.
High-Risk Anatomic Subsets in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Geoffrion Tracy R. , Fuller Stephanie M.
Published: September 2022

Despite overall improvements in outcomes for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, there remain anatomic features that can place these patients at higher risk throughout their treatment course. These include severe preoperative obstruction to pulmonary venous return, restrictive atrial septum, coronary fistulae, severe tricuspid regurgitation, smaller ascending aorta diameter (especially if <2 mm), and poor ventricular function. The risk of traditional staged palliation has led to the development of alternative strategies for such patients. To further improve the outcomes, we must continue to diligently examine and study anatomic details in HLHS patients.
HLHS: Complex Anatomic Surgical Considerations During Treatment Pathway
Authors: Mroczek Tomasz
Published: September 2022

The Norwood operation as first-stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome has been standardized in most centers. However, in the presence of anomalies of aortic arch anatomy or position, or other anatomical variants, important modifications of the procedure may become necessary. This report summarizes surgical techniques to address these challenges.
Biomechanical Comparisons of Trochanteric Hip Fracture Fixation Using Short-, Mid-, and Long-Length Proximal Femoral Nails
Authors: Matsumura Tomohiro , Takahashi Tsuneari , Ae Ryusuke , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: September 2022

Introduction

For trochanteric hip fractures, proximal femoral nails (PFNs) have been frequently used for surgical treatment. No study has clarified whether length of the nail affected the wiper motion; the repetitive motion of the distal nail inside canal after surgery.

Methods

Thirty synthetic femora were used to biomechanically evaluate construct lateral angular movement of 3 different lengths of PFN [TFN-ADVANCED Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA) 170 (short-length), 235 (mid-length), and 300 (long-length) mm] constructs for the fixation of stable pertrochanteric fractures. Cyclic testing and radiological evaluation were performed to investigate the loosening patterns in 3 different fixation constructs. Migration along the mechanical axis during the cyclic testing from 1-100th, 100-500th, 500-1000th, 1000-1500th, and 1500-2000th cycles was compared between TFNA lengths. Also, before and after cycling changes in tip to apex distance, angulation of fracture line, and lateral angular movement of the distal stem inside the canal were compared between TFNA lengths.

Results

Migration along the mechanical axis during cyclic loading, plus changes after cycling in tip to apex distance, and fracture line angulation did not differ between TFNA lengths for the fixation of stable intertrochanteric fracture model using synthetic femora. Conversely, one-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in lateral angular movement of the distal stem inside the canal after cyclic testing between groups (1.4 ± 1.6°, .21 ± .35°, and .26 ± .57° in 170-mm short nail, 235-mm middle nail, and 300-mm long nail, respectively; P = .026), and post-hoc analysis also revealed that middle nail yielded significantly less lateral angular movement compared with short nail ( P = .047) but did not significantly differ from the long nail.

Conclusions

Mid-length TFNA for the fixation of stable trochanteric hip fracture model using synthetic femora resulted in significantly smaller lateral angular movement of the distal stem after cyclic loading.
Developing and Validating the College and Career Readiness Teacher Expectation Survey for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Monahan Jessica L. , Lombardi Allison , Madaus Joseph , Freeman Jennifer , Gelbar Nicholas
Published: September 2022

All students, including those with disabilities, must be college and career ready, which requires high expectations for them (Every Student Succeeds Act, 2015). In this study, we developed and validated the College and Career Readiness Teacher Expectation Survey (CCR-TES), an instrument that measures the postschool expectations that educators have for students with disabilities (SWD). With a sample of 459 educators, we provide initial evidence for strongly correlated factors, highlighting the difficulty in measuring CCR. Results support one general CCR factor, and invariance testing results show the CCR-TES functions similarly for special and general education teachers. Furthermore, results also revealed educators have somewhat low postsecondary expectations for SWD. Implications for teachers, researchers, and policymakers are discussed.
Multi-Level Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Associated With Increased Post-operative Infection Rates and Overall Re-Operation Relative to Anterior Cervical Discectomy With Fusion or Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Ng Mitchell K. , Kobryn Andriy , Baidya Joydeep , Nian Patrick , Emara Ahmed K. , Ahn Nicholas U. , Houten John K. , Saleh Ahmed , Razi Afshin E.
Published: September 2022

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective

Cervical radiculopathy meeting operative criteria has traditionally been managed using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) are also reasonable options. This study aimed to assess differences in postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing multi-level ACDF, CDA, or PCF comparing medical/surgical complications and healthcare utilization parameters.

Methods

Patients who underwent multi-level ACDF, CDA, or PCF between 2012 and 2019 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified based on procedure type and propensity score matched to resolve baseline differences. ANOVA was performed to identify differences in medical complications, surgical complications, and healthcare utilization metrics.

Results

A total of 31 344 patients who underwent an eligible procedure were identified (ACDF: n = 28 089, CDA: n = 1748, PCF: n = 1507), and 684 patients remained in each group following propensity score matching. Patients undergoing multi-level PCF were found to experience longer lengths of hospital stay (PCF: 1.67 ± 1.61 days, ACDF: 1.50 ± 1.32 days, CDA: 1.27 ± 1.05 days, P < .001), higher rates of reoperation (PCF: 3.2%, ACDF: 1.0%, CDA: .4%, P = .020), superficial infection (PCF: 1.3%, ACDF: .3%, CDA: .1%, P = .008) and deep infection (PCF: 1.2%, ACDF: 0%, CDA: 0%, P < .001). There were no outcome differences between multi-level ACDF and CDA.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing multi-level PCF were at increased risk for longer hospital stay, re-operation, and infection relative to those undergoing ACDF and CDA. Future research should aim to uncover the precise mechanisms underlying these complications, as well as analyze long term outcomes.

Level of Evidence

III
Consumption Behaviour of Poor Consumers: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis
Authors: Goel Pooja , Sharma Nitika , Saha Raiswa
Published: September 2022

The poor people segment has gained considerable scholarly attention, particularly after eight scholars established it as an untapped market. This study attempts to understand the nine consumption behaviours of a poor consumer. Therefore, we collate 384 scholarly papers indexed in the Scopus database, published during the period 1975–2020. Both evaluative and bibliometric relationship techniques, namely, Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, are utilized to understand the domain’s progress in the past 45 years. Besides this, content analysis is conducted via hand search to identify the most utilized research methods, popularly applied theories and most explored contexts. Results show that research in this field has grown exponentially, particularly after 2007, with research focusing on low-income consumers, bottom-of-pyramid consumers and mobile money users. The findings indicate this domain demonstrates skewed development, and there is a huge room for future studies.
Effect of Different Adhesive Strategies on the Microshear Bond Strength of Calcium-Silicate-Based Materials
Authors: Gürcan Aliye Tuğçe , Şişmanoğlu Soner , Sengez Görkem
Published: September 2022

Aim:

To evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine to various resin-based materials using different adhesive strategies.

Materials and Methods:

Three resin-based materials—a self-adhering resin composite with or without acid etching (Vertise flow; Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), a conventional flowable composite with a total-etch adhesive (Filtek Ultimate Flowable; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and a flowable resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) without any surface modification (Ionoseal; VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany)—and two calcium-silicate-based materials—Biodentine and BIOfactor mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)—were tested. A total of 100 cylindrical acrylic molds were prepared. Biodentine and BIOfactor MTA were prepared and placed into the central holes on the molds. Specimens were divided into two main groups according to materials and into five subgroups ( n = 10). µSBS were evaluated using a µSBS testing device. The failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope with magnification. They were categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The significance level was taken as α = 0.05.

Results:

It was observed that both calcium-silicate-based material type and resin-based material type influenced the µSBS significantly according to two-way ANOVA. Biodentine exhibited higher bond strength values than MTA. However, no statistically significant interaction was demonstrated between these factors ( P = .396). The µSBS values of intermediate materials to Biodentine and MTA were listed from the lowest to the highest as follows: RMGIC < Acid Etch + RMGIC < SARC (self-adhering resin composite) < FC (flowable composite) < Acid Etch + SARC.

Conclusion:

Self-adhering composites can be used on calcium-silicate-based materials in vital pulp treatments because of their mechanical properties. Acid-etching ensures high µSBS values. Although the µSBS of Biodentine were higher than MTA according to this study’s results, there was no statistically significant difference in µSBS of FC and acid-etched SARC to MTA.
A Case Report on Rare Presentation of Sporadic Disease: Dermatomyositis Sine Dermatitis—Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Vahora Ilma , Lingireddy Ajay , Nadella Sahithi , Trivedi Bhavi , Dihowm Fatma
Published: September 2022

Dermatomyositis sine dermatitis (DMSD) is one of the rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Based on predominant symptoms faced by patients, it is classified into 3 types: (1) classic dermatomyositis (DM), where patients have both muscle and skin symptoms; and (2) amyopathic DM, when only skin symptoms present with no muscle involvement. Whereas (3) DMSD has mainly muscle symptoms with muscle antibodies but no skin rashes. There have been only nearly 10 published articles about DMSD proving this disease’s scarcity. At the same time, it shows the importance of discussing the unusual presentation of such a rare disease. Here we present, a 28-year-old woman with worsening proximal muscle weakness. The decreased muscle strength on physical examination and elevated creatinine kinase required more work up for autoimmune disease. Interestingly, on muscle biopsy, anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) antibody returned positive, and the patient responded well to 3 days course of steroids. The lack of skin involvement, the predominance of muscle symptoms, and positive anti-MDA5 antibody indispensably diagnosed patients with DMSD. The previously published articles have proved the association between anti-NXP-2 antibody and DMSD, which was not seen in our case. The systemic involvement of DMSD can lead to interstitial lung disease, where due to diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary fibrosis, patients end up requiring intubation and may be associated with higher-level mortality. In our case, chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans were unremarkable for lung involvement, so as no paraneoplastic syndromes were present, which has also been reported in DMSD patients previously.
Correlation of Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) Value With Hip Arthroscopy Intraoperative Findings and Midterm Periacetabular Osteotomy Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jessica H. , Houck Darby A. , Gruizinga Brandt A. , Garabekyan Tigran , Jesse Mary K. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: September 2022

Background:

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is an advanced imaging technique that is purported to quantify cartilage damage in acute and chronic joint disease and predict periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) outcomes. There is a paucity of literature relating dGEMRIC values to arthroscopic findings before PAO and postoperative outcomes after PAO.

Purpose:

To assess the utility and validity of dGEMRIC as a preoperative and prognostic assessment tool of cartilage status and integrity as it relates to intraoperative findings and midterm postoperative outcomes after PAO.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We analyzed a cohort of 58 patients (70 hips) with a median age of 30.1 years (range, 15-50) with hip dysplasia who underwent hip arthroscopy, followed by a PAO with preoperative dGEMRIC. The primary outcome measures were intraoperative assessment and correlation with cartilage damage (presence of cartilage flap, Outerbridge grade of the acetabulum and femoral head). Secondary outcome measures were postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, including the International Hip Outcome Tool and Non-arthritic Hip Score. Correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between dGEMRIC values and (1) PROs and (2) intraoperative assessment of cartilage damage.

Results:

There were significant negative linear relationships between dGEMRIC values and the primary outcome measures: presence of a cartilage flap (coronal, P = .004; sagittal, P < .001), Outerbridge grade of acetabular articular cartilage lesion (coronal, P = .002; sagittal, P = .003), and Outerbridge grade of femoral head articular cartilage lesion (coronal, P = .001; sagittal, P < .001). Despite significant overall improvement in all patients, there was no significant correlation between preoperative dGEMRIC values and improvement in PROs from presurgery to latest postoperative follow-up (median, 2.2 years; range, 1.0-5.0 years).

Conclusion:

Although dGEMRIC values (sagittal and coronal) were significant predictors of the intraoperative presence of cartilage flaps and overall cartilage integrity, they were not associated with midterm outcomes after PAO.
Effect of a Condensed NBA Season on Injury Risk: An Analysis of the 2020 Season and Player Safety
Authors: Morikawa Landon H. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Brinkman Joseph C. , Buckner Petty Skye A. , Chhabra Anikar
Published: September 2022

Background:

Health and safety concerns surrounding the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led the National Basketball Association (NBA) to condense and accelerate the 2020 season. Although prior literature has suggested that inadequate rest may lead to an increased injury risk, the unique circumstances surrounding this season offer a unique opportunity to evaluate player safety in the setting of reduced interval rest.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that the condensed 2020 NBA season resulted in an increased overall injury risk as compared with the 2015 to 2018 seasons.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A publicly available database, Pro Sports Transactions, was queried for injuries that forced players to miss ≥1 game between the 2015 and 2020 seasons. Data from the 2019 season were omitted given the abrupt suspension of the league year. All injury incidences were calculated per 1000 game-exposures (GEs). The primary outcome was the overall injury proportion ratio (IPR) between the 2020 season and previous seasons. Secondary measures included injury incidences stratified by type, severity, age, position, and minutes per game.

Results:

A total of 4346 injuries occurred over a 5-season span among 2572 unique player-seasons. The overall incidence of injury during the 2020 season was 48.20 per 1000 GEs but decreased to 39.97 per 1000 GEs when excluding COVID-19. Despite this exclusion, the overall injury rate in 2020 remained significantly greater (IPR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.32-1.52]) than that of the 2015 to 2018 seasons (28.20 per 1000 GEs). On closer evaluation, the most notable increases seen in the 2020 season occurred within minor injuries requiring only a 1-game absence (IPR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.37-1.70]) and in players who were aged 25 to 29 years (IPR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.40-2.63]), averaging ≥30.0 minutes per game (IPR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.47-1.90]), and playing the point guard position (IPR, 1.67 [95% 1.44-1.95]).

Conclusion:

Players in the condensed 2020 NBA season had a significantly higher incidence of injuries when compared with the prior 4 seasons, even when excluding COVID-19–related absences. This rise is consistent with the other congested NBA seasons of 1998 and 2011. These findings suggest that condensing the NBA schedule is associated with an increased risk to player health and safety.
Situating Expectancies and Subjective Task Values Across Grade Levels, Domains, and Countries: A Network Approach
Authors: Tang Xin , Lee Hye Rin , Wan Sirui , Gaspard Hanna , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: September 2022

In their recently renamed theory, situated expectancy-value theory (SEVT), Eccles and Wigfield (2020) emphasized the importance of situations in influencing individuals’ motivational beliefs and academic choices. Adopting a novel approach—network analysis—this study aimed to examine how situations may impact the associations among expectancies, subjective task values, and achievement from a holistic perspective. In this study, situations were operationalized as grade levels (i.e., 6th –9th grade), subject domains (i.e., language arts and math), and countries (i.e., Finland and Germany). Adolescents from Finland (N = 4,062) and Germany (N = 449) were included in the study. Results showed that, overall, the networks are mostly subject bound, yearly varied, and country specific, supporting the situative nature of SEVT. We also found that expectancies were consistently the closest motivational beliefs to achievement, whereas utility values were the least close, implying that expectancies, not utility, might be the most desirable intervention targets for achievement improvement.
The Relationship Between Nursing Care Delivery Models, Emotional Exhaustion, and Quality of Nursing Care Among Jordanian Registered Nurses
Authors: Abusamra Ammar , Rayan Ahmad Hussien , Obeidat Rana F. , Hamaideh Shaher H. , Baqeas Manal Hassan , ALBashtawy Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Background

Inappropriately selected models of nursing care delivery and emotional exhaustion of nurses at work not only affect the nurses’ health, but also the health of their patients.

Purpose

To examine the relationship between nursing care delivery models, nurses’ emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey that used a convenience sampling technique was employed. A total of 160 participants completed the study. Participants provided information about nursing care delivery models, nurses, emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care.

Results

Participants had a moderate level of emotional exhaustion. No statistically significant difference in the scores of quality of nursing care and emotional exhaustion were found according to the type of care delivery model ( P > .05). Emotional exhaustion was significantly and negatively correlated with the (nursing staff characteristics) subscale of quality of nursing care ( r = −.183, P = .021). There was a significant difference in emotional exhaustion in regard to shift duty, marital status, education level, years of experience, salary, and working area). Only marital status significantly predicted emotional exhaustion ( t = 2.57, B = −8.98, P = .011).

Conclusions

Quality of nursing care was associated with nurses’ emotional exhaustion rather than models of nursing care delivery. As nurses’ emotional exhaustion could negatively affect the quality of nursing care, addressing the emotional exhaustion of nurses is important to improve patient outcomes.
Investment Decision Using Capital Asset Pricing Model
Authors: Nalini G. S. , Paldon Trinley
Published: September 2022

In January 2020, Mr. Durai being an amateur investor wanted to diversify his portfolio by adding some fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) stocks. He has chosen three FMCG stocks, namely Hindustan Unilever, Godrej Consumer Products and Dabur India, based on high trading volume. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is one of the widely followed techniques to measure risk and return of equity investment. The risk and return are the key factors that help investors to take an informed decision. To assess the risk and return profile of stocks, Mr. Durai considered monthly stock prices from 2015 to 2019. Beta is a measure of risk that shows the volatility of the stock return with respect to that of market. The beta of a 5-year stock price is more robust than beta of 1 year or 2 years due to heavy market fluctuations. The CAPM also helps investors to identify whether the stock is underpriced or overpriced. Therefore, the investors can avoid the overpriced stocks.