bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS OF RUGOSITY ON CORAL REEFS AROUND LAE-LAE, SAMALONA, BARRANG LOMPO AND KAPOPOSANG ISLANDS
Authors:   Hasanuddin University, ABDURRACHMAN A. M. AGUNG PRATAMA , ESTRADIVARI ESTRADIVARI ,   Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, SYAFRUDDIN GUNAWAN ,   Hasanuddin University, JOMPA JAMALUDDIN ,   Hasanuddin University, C. A. FERSE SEBASTIAN ,   Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, AMBO- RAPPE ROHANI ,   Hasanuddin University
Published: May 2024

Corals have many growth forms, creating many nooks and crannies which provide specialized places for marine organisms to shelter, live, and breed. Reef rugosity is a simple surface roughness measurement; a high rugosity value will support fish communities. This research measured the differences in reef rugosities in four islands in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia based on their distance from the mainland and the reef depth. Observation sites were Lae-Lae (LL; inshore zone), Samalona and Barrang Lompo (SA and BL; inner mid-shelf zone), and Kapoposang (KP; outer zone). At each station, rugosity was measured on the reef slope in two depth zones: 3-5 m shallow and 6-10 m deep using chains. The rugosity index at shallow reefs was increasing towards outer zones (Lae-Lae: 0.143 ± 0.015; Kapoposang: 0.655 ± 0.133), which means shallow reefs further from the Sulawesi mainland have more complex structures. There are differences between sites (P-value: 0.0000641) namely LL-BL sites (0.0001675), SA-BL (0.0001873), LL-KP (0.0016070), and SA-KP (0.0018514). At deeper depths, the rugosity was varied with Kapoposang having a higher value (0.451 ± 0.207). The inshore-offshore rugosity patterns in the four sampled islands are likely linked to anthropogenic pressures from the mainland of Sulawesi.
Critical Success Factors of Multichannel Integration Quality: A Case In E-Commerce Integrated Chat Application
Authors: Fakhri Mubarak Muhammad , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar
Published: May 2024

Selama bertahun-tahun, internet telah hadir untuk memfasilitasi teknologi di berbagai sektor, salah satunya adalah ritel multisaluran. Internet memungkinkan banyak bisnis tradisional untuk berkembang menjadi peritel multisaluran dengan melengkapi penawaran toko mereka dengan saluran online untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Namun, hal ini menimbulkan kesenjangan bagi perusahaan yang ingin memulai perjalanan implementasi integrasi multisaluran mereka, di mana mereka harus memfokuskan sumber daya mereka untuk berhasil mengimplementasikan integrasi multisaluran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor penentu keberhasilan (critical success factor/CSF) kualitas integrasi multichannel pada e-commerce dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk analisis data. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sebuah perusahaan yang menawarkan integrasi multichannel e-commerce. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan wawancara dengan dua orang pemangku kepentingan dari proyek integrasi multichannel e-commerce sebagai ahli untuk penelitian ini dan kemudian menyebarkan kuesioner kepada dua orang yang terlibat dalam proyek tersebut. Terdapat 14 faktor yang dievaluasi, yang terdiri dari tiga faktor yang berhubungan dengan konfigurasi layanan channel, dua faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsistensi konten, dua faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsistensi proses, tiga faktor yang berhubungan dengan jaminan, dua faktor yang berhubungan dengan timbal balik channel, dan dua faktor yang berhubungan dengan hubungan dengan pelanggan. Di antara 14 faktor tersebut, konsistensi sistem merupakan faktor yang paling penting, diikuti oleh keluasan pilihan saluran, konsistensi informasi, dan aksesibilitas pemulihan layanan
Richardson’s Multilateral Military Expenditure Model Augmentation via Sentiment Analysis of News Data in the Framework of Complexity Eco-nomics
Authors: Vardanyan Mher
Published: May 2024

Complexity economics incorporates factors that are not accounted for in classical economic thought. With this paper, we intend to demonstrate the potential of using the complexity economics frame of reference by revisiting an existing model of the past, especially one that has been proven to be effective and, most importantly, could utilize the recent developments in advanced analytics as a tool to address a more realistic social milieu. We propose the introduction of more complex dynamics into an already existing model by using Deep-Learning-based NLP analysis of large news article data to fill in the action-reaction matrix for Richardson’s multilateral arms race model. By introducing said complex dynamics we also opened a discussion about the effect that media has on democratic societies’ military spending and concluded at the first level of analysis that media has a significant influence on the electorates’ decision-making of democratic nations in the matter of arms race and defense budgets. Also, we were able to demonstrate the final form of the augmented multilateral arms race model and its predictive capacity. We hope that our findings will encourage the use of advanced analytics in the framework of complexity analysis and improve the existing models’ performance via big data insights.
Exploring Community Participation in Managing the Colleges of Education in Ashanti Region
Authors:   Offinso College of Education Department of Education, Owusu Isaac , Ghanney Robert Andrews ,   University of Education, Winneba
Published: May 2024

This research examined the extent of community participation in managing the Colleges of Education(CoE) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, with Epstein (2006) framework on community participation in education being the theoretical lense for the study. To accomplish this, the study was rooted in the pragmatist paradigm where mixed methods approach was adopted and the Concurrent Triangulation design was utilized in the study. Questionnaire and interview were the main instruments used to collect the primary data for the study. A total of 349 questionnaires were distributed comprising 319 CoE students and 30 opinion leaders in the Ashanti Region and these were all retrieved and returned for analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages), whereas qualitative data were analysed using themes. The results from the study suggest that largely, to some extent, communities do not really participate in the management decisions in the Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. Though community participation was found beneficial, it was also greeted with some challenges such as ineffective medium of communication at meeting, confusion over the roles of school administrators and community leaders. It was recommended among others that MMDAs in the region should create a strong awareness on the role of the communities and their indigenous knowledge systems in ensuring effective and efficient community participation. in managing CoE in the Ashanti Region
Moral Values and Progressive Judgess Position in Law Enforcement in the Indonesian Judicial System
Authors:   Diponegoro University, Jl. Imam Bardjo, S.H. No 1-3 Pleburan, Semarang City, Indonesia, Ariyo Raden Maestro Broto , Turisno Bambang Eko ,   Diponegoro University, Jl. Imam Bardjo, S.H. No 1-3 Pleburan, Semarang City, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

Morals and the legal system in Indonesia correlate with forming laws in Legislative Regulations (legislators) and should make Pancasila values fundamental values or the source of all sources of law, bringing consequences for the makers of Legislative Regulations to become guides and guidelines in conducting legislative function. Ironically, the legislators show paradigmatic problems and a crisis of ethical awareness in the formation and enforcement of laws in Indonesia. This article examines the position of moral and progressive judges in the administration of justice in Indonesia. So what emerges is legal development and law enforcement that is stagnant, centralized, corruptive, very far from divine and humanist values, and far from achieving social justice, so that it will give birth to decisions that are effective and based on law in society and have social justice because law for humans, not humans for law and realizing substantive justice. In the practice of the judicial system, many judges decide cases progressively. It can be seen in the addition of Angelina Sondakh's sentence by Judge Artidjo Alkostar at the cassation level.
Brain-Computer Interface, Generative AI (GAI)
Authors:   Intel Corporation Folsom, CA, USA, Rathod Priyank Jayantilal
Published: May 2024

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an interface (or sort of a system) by which humans can communicate with computers. The real question arises about why humans must communicate with the computer via brain signals. There are over a million or more people suffering from diseases or malfunctions of motor ability where mobility is limited, or there is no mobile at all. This interface allows these individuals to communicate with the outside world. Such diseases would rise yearly as more techniques and methods become available to diagnose them. While there is no cure for such injuries or diseases, there may be a stopgap to fill the communication void. We take communication for granted, whereas a person with limited mobility is a boon.
Crystallization of FeC Iron Monocarbide During Peritectoidal Transformation of the Lamellar Eutectoid of Ledeburite White Eutectic Cast Iron
Authors: Davydov Sergey Vasilyevich
Published: May 2024

The previously unknown process of homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization of FeC iron monocarbide and its co-crystallizations with ε-carbide Fe2C from a supersaturated solid solution based on ε-carbide Fe2C or polycarbide quasi-eutectic formed in the process of peritectoid decomposition during prolonged heating (isothermal annealing) of the lamellar eutectoid ledeburite in cast eutectic white iron has been investigated. Crystallization of 2D monolayers of FeC monocarbide allotropes in the form of translucent extended and elastic crystalline nanofilms has been experimentally proved. The carbide phases in white cast iron can be characterized as a single isomorphic and isostructural quasi-carbide solid solution, which structurally crystallizes as a mixture of carbide phases as a quasi-eutectic, in which the carbon content is free to vary widely without indentification of the carbide phases proper. The decomposition product of the lamellar eutectoid as a result of peritectoid transformation during isothermal annealing is polycarbide with a gradient crystal lattice of solid solutions corresponding in carbon concentration to this or that carbide.
 
Received: 25 January 2024 | Revised: 10 April 2024 | Accepted: 10 May 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Sergey Vasilyevich Davydov: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
Scheduled hypometabolism and hypothermia at the crossroads of deep space manned mission and longevity
Authors: Muradian Khachik , Tolstun Denis , Kholin Viktor , Bezrukov Vladislav , Fraifeld Vadim
Published: May 2024

Spaceflight is a mysterious ageing/rejuvenation transition. It is associated with factors of evolutionary unfamiliar to the earth's inhabitants — microgravity, cosmic rays and solar wind irradiation, failure of circadian rhythms and numerous other singularities. For still unknown reasons, spaceflight provokes quick acceleration of almost all hallmarks of ageing and age-related diseases. The alterations have a transitory character and disappear in the post-landing adaptation period. The posited ageing/rejuvenation transition could be repeated over multiple flights. This should be confirmed by epigenetic or other types of ageing clocks. Hypometabolism and hypothermia are considered efficient protectors from the hazards of space missions while saving energy and food intake. The two most discussed approaches are based on the idea of dormancy (synthetic torpor) or excessive sleeping (shallow metabolic depression). We suggest another model of metabolic depression induced by a rebreathing hypoxic-hypercapnic environment (HHE), which is accompanied by ‘voluntary’ calorie restriction. Crewmembers' work schedules can be designed to allow crewmembers to maintain normoxic levels during energy-demanding activities and transition to HHE during rest periods. A computerized tracking system can harmonize daily schedules with personalized HHE. The resulting scheduled hypometabolothermia (SHMT) could optimise energy expenditure without compromising productivity and be applicable during spaceflight and upon arrival at a destination and subsequent planetary exploration. We envision SHMT as a major human lifestyle on Earth as well. Of course, only further thorough explorations will reveal all the advantages and pitfalls of HHE and SHMT on Earth and in space.
________________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: hypoxia and hypercapnia; metabolic suppression; food consumption; space mission; longevity
Strong approximation of functions by double Fourier series in generalized Hölder spaces
Authors:   Abhaszsky state university, Lasuria R. A. , Golava M. R. ,   Abhaszsky state university
Published: May 2024

We study some problems of strong approximation of the functions of double Fourier series in the generalized Holder spases. Order-accurate estimates for the strong summability functionals of double Fourier series are established, as wel as their approximation properties in the indicated spases.
Microsurgical replantation after forehead avulsion – success or failure? A case report
Authors: Kubík Marek , Molitor Martin , Zálešák Bohumil
Published: May 2024

In this article we would like to present, to our best knowledge, the very first published replantation of a forehead/part of a forehead as a single unit. The patient is a 57-year-old male smoker who sustained an avulsion forehead injury after a dog bite. Replantation was performed using microanastomosis of the supratrochlear vessels with restoration of good blood circulation after the procedure. Unfortunately, 5 days after the surgery, ischemia of the flap occurred followed by successful acute revision surgery. Nevertheless, the day after the ischemia reoccurred due to the time that passed, circumstances and unfavorable conditions affecting the sutured vessels, no further revision surgery was indicated. Observation continued and eventual wound necrosis after demarcation was left to be treated with skin grafting or per secundam intentionem. Only partial necrosis of the flap occurred, approximately 50%, which was subsequently treated with a full-thickness skin graft with very good results leading to the satisfaction of the patient.
No drains in reduction mammaplasty – a systematic review
Authors: Dušková Anna , Měšťák Ondřej , Molitor Martin
Published: May 2024

Breast reduction mammaplasty is the only effective therapeutic intervention for patients with symptomatic breast hypertrophy. In this procedure, closed suction drains have become a standard of care, while the literature supporting use of drains is lacking. In fact, with emerging data we found out that drains might not be so necessary. This review aimed to systematically compare the number of complications in drained and undrained breasts and to evaluate the safety of omitting drains in reduction mammaplasty in clinical practice. A systematic review of literature was conducted identifying all studies on drainage in reduction mammaplasty. The analysed databases revealed 13 eligible studies to be included in this review. There were 308 drained breasts and 859 undrained breasts in total in patients from 16 to 73 years of age. The resected tissue weight per side fluctuated from 108 to 1,296 grams. In total, there was only 2.4% incidence of haematoma complications in undrained breasts and 3.9% in drained breasts. Closed suction drains are still being routinely used in reduction mammaplasty, although aborting drain use is proven to be not only safe, but advantageous. The clear benefit is increased patient comfort, shortened hospital stay, decreased cost of the procedure and nurse care, and decreased rate of complications.
Interaction of Claroideoglomus claroideum co-inoculation with saprophytic phosphofungi: effect on the development of micropropagated native potato plantlets
Authors:   Universidad de La Frontera, Morales Alfredo , Solano Jaime ,   Universidad Católica, Borie Fernando ,   Universidad Católica, Curaqueo Gustavo ,   Universidad Católica, Castillo Claudia ,   Universidad Católica
Published: May 2024

Interaction of Claroideoglomus claroideum co-inoculation with saprophytic phosphofungi: effect on the development of micropropagated native potato plantlets Interacción de la co-inoculación de Claroideoglomus claroideum con fosfohongos saprófitos: efecto en el desarrollo de plántulas micropropagadas de papa nativa In many agricultural crops, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi co-exist and interact with saprophytic fungi. This study aimed to analyze the effects of two free-living phosphofungi on the growth of potatoes co-inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum. Micropropagated native potato plantlets were transferred to a sterile Andisol previously inoculated with C. claroideum and subsequently two saprophytic fungi. The treatments were: C. claroideum (T0), C. claroideum + Talaromyces pinophilus (T1), C. claroideum + Penicillium albidum (T2), and C. claroideum + T. pinophilus + P. albidum (T3). At harvest, the most relevant results show that in T3 the height, shoot dry weight, root length and P acquisition of the potato plants were increased. Therefore, dry weight and P absorbed by minitubers were enhanced two and three-fold, respectively, compared with T0, along with an increase in the length of the thinnest roots. It is concluded that co-inoculation of this fungal consortium could be an advantageous alternative to be used as a bioinoculant by potato tuber seed producers in sustainable agriculture.
The public health benefits of implementing environmental policies: A comprehensive review of recent studies
Authors: Uwaga Monica Adanma  , Emmanuel Olurotimi Ogunbiyi
Published: May 2024

This comprehensive review explores the public health benefits of implementing environmental policies, focusing on recent studies from 2018 to 2024. The study aimed to systematically review and analyze the impact of environmental regulations on public health outcomes, identifying key benefits, challenges, and future directions. Utilizing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research involved a detailed examination of peer-reviewed articles and reports from academic databases and reputable organizations. The inclusion criteria targeted studies explicitly evaluating the impact of environmental policies on public health, published in English within the specified timeframe. Key findings reveal significant public health benefits associated with environmental policies, particularly those targeting air and water quality improvements. These policies have led to notable reductions in morbidity and mortality rates associated with pollution-related diseases. The analysis also highlights the critical role of governance and regulatory frameworks in facilitating effective policy implementation and stakeholder engagement. However, challenges such as the evolving nature of environmental threats and the complexity of stakeholder interests pose obstacles to policy effectiveness. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers and environmental health practitioners, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, strengthened governance, leveraging technology, community engagement, and investment in research and education. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to assess long-term policy impacts, exploration of emerging environmental threats, and evaluation of innovative policy interventions. This review underscores the importance of environmental policies in promoting public health and outlines a roadmap for future policy-making at the intersection of environmental sustainability and public health.
Keywords: Environmental Policies, Public Health, Governance and Regulatory Frameworks, Systematic Literature Review.
A Fronterizo Father: (Con)Viviendo en los mundos del otro lado
Authors: Barrera Sergio Gael
Published: May 2024

This memoir-like essay highlights the disruption of a relationship between a father and a son on the Texas-Mexico borderlands which is caused by immigration status, education, class, sexuality, and type of communication. The essay begins in a contemporary and key moment that transports the author to analyze his relationship with his father and pinpoint what it was like to grow on both side of the Frontera simultaneously. With the hopes of achieving the American Dream, the father of the author tries to fulfill the role of the breadwinner without realizing that the lack of nurturing language and not being able to live in the same country affected the relationship and the emotions of his child. This essay serves as a reminder of the psychological and emotional trauma that people on the borderlands endure in order to survive while being critical of the various geopolitical and social structures influencing these relationships. This essay aims to open conversations about the importance of fatherhood and fathering on the borderlands as a phenomenon, especially when the fathers fulfill this role while being physically and emotionally absent from a child’s life.
Revisiting Digital Transformation of Azerbaijan Higher Education in the New Digital Era
Authors: Aliyev Murad , Aliyeva Sadagat
Published: May 2024

This study explores digital transformation of Azerbaijan higher education institutions in teaching and learning process as well as administrative issues, highlighting the complexities and multifaceted approach. As a result of this critical analysis, we intend to propose a multifaceted approach to digital transformation of Azerbaijan higher education that includes key components such as promoting and aspiring to improve digital literacy among faculty members, incorporating technology into education through utilising digital tools and online resources, and driving innovation through research and development activities. Moreover, the study analyses the key concerns in the digital transformation of Azerbaijan modern higher education and proposes an approach that describes the driving factors of transformational changes as well as their effects. Based on the existing literature, we consider the processes of change in the contexts of globalisation, regionalization, the information society, the Internet revolution, government reforms, downsizing and restructuring, management practices, and the establishment of new funds. In addition, we view increased competition between universities as a dynamic factor influencing the transformation process. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the impact of global and local dynamics on digital transformation and therefore provide information on the growing higher education ecosystem in Azerbaijan.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO ENFERMEIRO ESCOLAR NA SAÚDE DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Lopes Júnior Hélio Marco Pereira , Silva Juliana Rodrigues Faria da , Dias Joisse Kele da Silva
Published: May 2024

A enfermagem no ambiente escolar é uma área especializada na saúde que se foca no bem-estar de crianças e adolescentes dentro do contexto educacional. Esses profissionais são capacitados para oferecer cuidados de saúde, monitorar o desenvolvimento dos estudantes, e responder a emergências médicas nas escolas; com habilidades específicas em saúde pediátrica e escolar, os enfermeiros escolares desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças, atuando como um elo importante entre a educação e a saúde para apoiar o ambiente educativo. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar na literatura nacional os benefícios da presença do enfermeiro na escola. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a Revisão Bibliográfica. Logo, para a elaboração do trabalho foram pesquisados livros, artigos, monografias, revistas científicas, e algumas bases de dados eletrônicos como Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Pubmed e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os resultados demonstraram que os benefícios da enfermagem no ambiente escolar são amplos e variados, abrangendo a prevenção, promoção e resolução de problemas de saúde entre estudantes. Os enfermeiros escolares são fundamentais na identificação e tratamento de condições como sobrepeso e obesidade, através de acompanhamento, exercícios físicos e orientação nutricional. Estudos indicam que intervenções escolares podem melhorar significativamente hábitos alimentares, atividades físicas e padrões de sono dos alunos. Conclui-se que a presença constante e acessível dos enfermeiros permite para além da realização de tratamentos e acompanhamentos, mas também a educação contínua dos alunos sobre temas de saúde. Isso reforça a ideia de que as escolas são espaços ideais para a promoção da saúde, não apenas pelo fácil acesso aos profissionais de saúde, mas também pelo ambiente propício à educação e à formação de hábitos saudáveis.
The 2019 Raikoke eruption as a testbed used by the Volcano Response group for rapid assessment of volcanic atmospheric impacts
Authors: Vernier Jean-Paul , Aubry Thomas J. , Timmreck Claudia , Schmidt Anja , Clarisse Lieven , Prata Fred , Theys Nicolas , Prata Andrew T. , Mann Graham , Choi Hyundeok , Carn Simon , Rigby Richard , Loughlin Susan C. , Stevenson John A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. ​​​​​​​The 21 June 2019 Raikoke eruption (48° N, 153° E) generated one of the largest amounts of sulfur emission to the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Satellite measurements indicate a consensus best estimate of 1.5 Tg for the sulfur dioxide (SO2) injected at an altitude of around 14–15 km. The peak Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean 525 nm stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) increased to 0.025, a factor of 3 higher than background levels. The Volcano Response (VolRes) initiative provided a platform for the community to share information about this eruption which significantly enhanced coordination efforts in the days after the eruption. A multi-platform satellite observation subgroup formed to prepare an initial report to present eruption parameters including SO2 emissions and their vertical distribution for the modeling community. It allowed us to make the first estimate of what would be the peak in SAOD 1 week after the eruption using a simple volcanic aerosol model. In this retrospective analysis, we show that revised volcanic SO2 injection profiles yield a higher peak injection of the SO2 mass. This highlights difficulties in accurately representing the vertical distribution for moderate SO2 explosive eruptions in the lowermost stratosphere due to limited vertical sensitivity of the current satellite sensors (±2 km accuracy) and low horizontal resolution of lidar observations. We also show that the SO2 lifetime initially assumed in the simple aerosol model was overestimated by 66 %, pointing to challenges for simple models to capture how the life cycle of volcanic gases and aerosols depends on the SO2 injection magnitude, latitude, and height. Using a revised injection profile, modeling results indicate a peak NH monthly mean SAOD at 525 nm of 0.024, in excellent agreement with observations, associated with a global monthly mean radiative forcing of −0.17 W m−2 resulting in an annual global mean surface temperature anomaly of −0.028 K. Given the relatively small magnitude of the forcing, it is unlikely that the surface response can be dissociated from surface temperature variability.
Exploring commercial GNSS RO products for Planetary Boundary Layer studies in the Arctic Region
Authors: Ganeshan Manisha , Wu Dong L. , Santanello Joseph A. , Gong Jie , Ao Chi O. , Vergados Panagiotis , Nelson Kevin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Commercial GNSS RO products are being touted for their coverage in polar regions where COSMIC-2 observations don’t reach. This study seeks to explore their value for Arctic PBL investigations where sufficient lower atmospheric penetration of GNSS RO is vital for representing the persistently shallow PBL. Both NASA purchased commercial RO products, Spire and GeoOptics, have improved lower tropospheric penetration probability over the Arctic Ocean compared to MetOp observations, with Spire having greater volume of observations (nearly two orders of magnitude) compared to GeoOptics. A seasonal cycle is evident in the RO penetration probability (except for Spire) that is found to be related to the water vapor pressure. For winter months, at the 500 m level, which is the standard cut-off threshold used for GNSS RO PBL studies, both products yield a penetration probability of ~80 % of total observations over the Arctic Ocean and up to ~100 % over the frozen sea ice region. As a result, both products are able to sufficiently represent the shallow Arctic PBLH (less than 300 m depth) which is comparable to the PBLH from MERRA-2 reanalysis, unlike MetOp observations which fails to capture PBL heights below 400 m.
Application of a regularised Coulomb sliding law to Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland
Authors: Trevers Matt , Payne Antony J. , Cornford Stephen L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Reliable projections of future sea level rise from the polar ice sheets depend on the ability of ice sheet models to accurately reproduce flow dynamics in an evolving ice sheet system. Ice sheet models are sensitive to the choice of basal sliding law, which remains a significant source of uncertainty. In this study we apply a range sliding laws to a hindcast model of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland from 2009 to 2018. We show that commonly used Weertman-like sliding laws can not reproduce the large seasonal and inter-annual variations in flow speed, while the assimilation of regular velocity observations into the model improves the model accuracy. We demonstrate that a regularised Coulomb friction law, in which basal traction has an upper limit, was able to reproduce the peak flow speeds most accurately. Finally we find evidence that the speed at which sliding transitions between power-law and Coulomb regimes may vary spatially and temporally. These results point towards the possible form of an ideal sliding law for accurately modelling fast-flowing glaciers and ice streams.
Quantifying radiative effects of light–absorbing particles deposition on snow at the SnowMIP sites
Authors: Zorzetto Enrico , Ginoux Paul , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The deposition of light-absorbing particles (LAPs) leads to a decrease of surface albedo over snow covered surfaces. This effect, by increasing the energy absorbed by the snowpack, enhances snow melt and accelerates snow aging, process which in turn is responsible for further decreasing the snow albedo. Capturing this combined process is important in land surface modelling, as the change in surface reflectivity connected with the deposition of LAPs can modulate time and magnitude of snowmelt and runoff. These processes impact regional water resources, and can also lead to relevant feedbacks to the global climate system. We have recently developed a new numerical snowpack model for the GFDL land model (A Global Land Snow Scheme, or GLASS). GLASS provides a detailed description of snow mass and energy balance, as well as the evolution of snow microphysical properties (grain shape and size). We now extend this model to account for the presence of light-absorbing impurities, modelling their dry and wet deposition in the snowpack, the evolution of their vertical distribution in the snow due to precipitation and snow melt, and the effect of their concentration on snow optical properties. To test the effects of the resulting snow scheme, we force the GFDL land model with deposition of black carbon, mineral dust and organic carbon obtained from a general circulation model (GFDL AM4.0). We evaluate the new model configuration at a set of instrumented sites, including an alpine site (Col de Porte, France) where in-situ observations of snow (including spectral measurements of snow reflectivity and concentration of LAPs) allow for a comprehensive model evaluation. For the Col de Porte site, we show that GLASS reproduces the observed magnitudes of impurities concentration in the snowpack throughout a winter season. The seasonal evolution of the snow optical diameter is also qualitatively reproduced by the model, although the increase in snow grain diameter during the melt season appears to be underestimated. For a set of instrumented sites spanning a range of climates and LAP deposition rates (the `SnowMIP' sites) we then evaluate the number of snow-days lost due to the deposition of dust and carbonaceous aerosols. We find that this loss ranges between 5 and 24 days depending on the site. The resulting snow model with LAP-aware snow reflectivity show a good agreement with measurements of broadband albedo and seasonal SWE over the study sites.
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Cao Xu-bing , Zhu Sheng-qiang , Zhang Zhi-qing , Liu Jiu-meng , Zhang Hong-liang , Zhang Qiang , He Ke-bin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols are important contributors to both air pollution and radiative forcing. However, their abundances and sources are still subject to non-negligible uncertainties, which are highly responsible for the frequently-identified discrepancies between the observed and modeled results. In this study, we focused on elemental carbon (EC) and light-absorbing organic carbon (i.e., BrC) in Northeast China, a new targeted region of the latest clean air actions in China. Three campaigns were conducted during 2018‒2021 in Harbin, covering distinct meteorological conditions and emission features. Various analytical methods were first evaluated, and the mass concentrations of both BrC and EC were validated. The validated BrC and EC measurement results were then used for source apportionment, together with other species including tracers (e.g., levoglucosan). The observation-based results suggested that despite the frigid winter in Harbin, the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was enhanced at high levels of relative humidity (RH). This enhancement could also be captured by an air quality model incorporating heterogeneous chemistry. However, the model failed to reproduce the observed abundances of SOA, with significant underestimations regardless of RH levels. In addition, agricultural fires effectively increased the observation-based primary organic carbon (POC) concentrations and POC to EC ratios. Such roles of agricultural fires were not captured by the model, pointing to substantial underestimation of open burning emissions by the inventory. This problem merits particular attention for Northeast China, given its massive agricultural sector.
New Developments in Incremental Heating Detrital 40Ar/39Ar Lithic (DARL) Geochronology using Icelandic River Sand
Authors: Okwueze Odinaka , Konrad Kevin , Capaldi Tomas
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Iceland records over fifteen million years of complex volcanism resulting from the intersection of mid-ocean ridge and mantle plume upwelling. The Iceland mantle plume has been active for at least 70 Ma, with surface expressions in Greenland, the North Atlantic, and Iceland. The Iceland hotspot may exhibit periods of increased volcanic output linked to pulses of upwelling within the plume. Understanding Iceland’s magmatic history and potential pulsation could provide key insights into dynamic topography driving changes in deep-water oceanic circulation, late Cenozoic climate change and mantle plume – mid-ocean ridge interaction. Detrital geochronology is a powerful tool for capturing the magmatic history of a region. However, Iceland's fine-grained extrusive volcanic lithologies lack the typical detrital mineral phases such as zircon, sanidine, hornblende, and rutile that current geochronology methods utilize. Here we present a new methodology for capturing the magmatic history of fine grained extrusive volcanic rocks using single grain detrital 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating geochronology. The DARL (or Detrital Argon Lithics) method thus far has consisted of 40Ar/39Ar total fusion analyses, which pose a problem in the case of Iceland, due to the nature of its young glassy lava flows commonly displaying subatmospheric 40Ar/36Ar isochron intercepts and low 40Ar*. This work represents a 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating pilot study on 19 single grains of Icelandic river sand (1–3 mm), collected from five different catchments. Fifteen of the 19 basaltic grains produced concordant age experiments that ranged from 0.2 to 13.5 Ma and uncertainties (2σ) from 1 % to 86 % with the grains under 1 Ma having the largest uncertainties. Preliminary results show that basaltic grains with less alteration (and corresponding lower atmospheric argon concentration) yield more accurate age determinations, though altered basaltic grains can still produce statistically valid age determinations. Results presented here show the validity of the incremental heating DARL methodology for capturing the magmatic history of mafic terrains. The long analysis time required for incremental heating experiments makes it infeasible to produce the large number of ages required for a detrital study. For this reason, we propose combining the aspects of the total fusion and incremental heating DARL methodologies to acquire age data for the large N values needed for detrital studies while improving the accuracy of total fusion DARL analysis.
Observations of surface energy fluxes and meteorology in the seasonally snow-covered high-elevation East River Watershed during SPLASH, 2021–2023
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Intrieri Janet M. , Butterworth Brian , de Boer Gijs , Gallagher Michael R. , Hamilton Jonathan , Hulm Erik , Meyers Tilden , Morris Sara M. , Osborn Jackson , Persson P. Ola G. , Schmatz Benjamin , Shupe Matthew D. , Wilczak James M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. From autumn 2021 through summer 2023, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and partners conducted the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign in the East River Watershed of Colorado. One objective of SPLASH was to observe the transfer of energy between the atmosphere and the surface, which was done at several locations. Two remote sites were chosen that did not have access to power utilities. These were along the valley floor near the East River in the vicinity of the unincorporated town of Gothic, Colorado. Energy balance measurements were made at these locations using autonomous, single-level flux towers referred to as Atmospheric Surface Flux Stations (ASFS). The ASFS were deployed on 28 September 2021 at the “Kettle Ponds Annex” site and on 12 October 2021 at the “Avery Picnic” site and operated until 19 July and 21 June 2023, respectively. Measurements included basic meteorology; upward and downward longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes, and subsurface conductive flux, each at 1-minute resolution; 3-d winds from a sonic anemometer and H2O/CO2 from an open-path gas analyser, both at 20 Hz from which sensible, latent heat, and CO2 fluxes were derived; and profiles of soil properties in the upper 0.5 m (both sites) and temperature profiles through the snow (at Avery Picnic), each reported between 10 min and 6 hours. For most measurements, uptime was 96 % (Kettle Ponds) and 89 % (Avery Picnic), and collectively 1,184 days of data were obtained between the stations. The purpose of this manuscript is to document the ASFS deployment at SPLASH, the data acquisition and post-processing of measurements, and to serve as a guide for interested users of the data sets, which are archived under the Creative Commons 4.0 Public Domain licensing at Zenodo.
Version 1 NOAA-20/OMPS Nadir Mapper Total Column SO2 Product: Continuation of NASA Long-term Global Data Record
Authors: Li Can , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Joiner Joanna , Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris , Griffin Debora , Leonard Peter J. T. , Carn Simon , Seftor Colin , Vasilkov Alexander
Published: May 2024

Abstract. For nearly two decades, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft (launched in 2004) and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) aboard the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite (launched in 2011) have been providing global monitoring of SO2 column densities from both anthropogenic and volcanic activities. Here, we describe the version 1 NOAA-20 (N20)/OMPS SO2 product, aimed at extending the long-term climate data record. To achieve this goal, we apply a principal component analysis (PCA) retrieval technique, also used for the OMI and SNPP/OMPS SO2 products, to N20/OMPS. For volcanic SO2 retrievals, the algorithm is identical between N20 and SNPP/OMPS and produces consistent retrievals for eruptions such as the 2018 Kilauea and 2019 Raikoke. For anthropogenic SO2 retrievals, the algorithm has been customized for N20/OMPS, considering its greater spatial resolution and reduced signal-to-noise ratio as compared with SNPP/OMPS. Over background areas, N20/OMPS SO2 slant column densities (SCD) show relatively small biases, comparable retrieval noise with SNPP/OMPS (after aggregation to the same spatial resolution), and remarkable stability with essentially no drift during 2018–2023. Over major anthropogenic source areas, the two OMPS retrievals are generally well-correlated but N20/OMPS SO2 is biased low especially for India and the Middle East, where the differences reach ~20 % on average. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood but are partly due to algorithmic differences. Better agreement (typical differences of ~10–15 %) is found over degassing volcanoes. SO2 emissions from large point sources, inferred from N20/OMPS retrievals, agree well with those based on OMI, SNPP/OMPS, and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), with correlation coefficients > 0.98 and overall differences < 10 %. The ratios between the estimated emissions and their uncertainties offer insights into the ability of different satellite instruments to detect and quantify SO2 sources. While TROPOMI has the highest ratios among all four sensors, ratios from N20/OMPS are slightly greater than OMI and substantially greater than SNPP/OMPS. Overall, our results suggest that the version 1 N20/OMPS SO2 product will successfully continue the long-term OMI and SNPP/OMPS SO2 data records. Efforts currently underway will further enhance the consistency of retrievals between different instruments, facilitating the development of multi-decade, coherent global SO2 datasets across multiple satellites.
A European database of resources on coastal storm impacts
Authors: Souto-Ceccon Paola Emilia , Montes-Perez Juan , Duo Enrico , Ciavola Paolo , Fernandez Montblanc Tomas , Armaroli Clara
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Detailed information on coastal storm impacts is crucial to evaluate the degree of damages caused by floods, implementing effective recovery actions for risk prevention and preparedness, and to design appropriate coastal zone management plans. This article presents a new database containing information on extreme storm events that generated damage and flooding along European coastlines between 2010 and 2020. The storm events, associated with specific locations, define the test cases which are then used to retrieve information from different extreme coastal storms that hit the same area. The database is a workbook that collects items organised in worksheets and constitutes an inventory of resources defined as a collection of different types of information used to characterize the event (i.e., hydrodynamics, weather information) and its consequences (impacts, flood extent, etc.). The guidelines and polygons in GeoJSON format that define the domain of the sites are also provided together with the workbook. The database contains 11 coastal storm events, 26 sites, 28 test cases, and 232 resources and is designed to allow the addition of new events and resources. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to define the types and topics addressed by the resources and the distribution of types of resources per country. Lastly, an example of application of the database to European-scale flood modelling is provided.
The Impact of ChatGPT on Healthcare Professionals: Addressing Job Security Concerns
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, B.R.D.Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273013, India., Khan Imran Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous industries, and healthcare is no exception. One of the significant developments in this field is the emergence of conversational AI systems, such as ChatGPT, which have demonstrated tremendous potential for improving patient care and streamlining healthcare processes. However, as with any technological advancement, concerns about job security among healthcare professionals have arisen. It is crucial to view these advancements as tools that complement human expertise rather than replace it entirely. By embracing reskilling opportunities, fostering collaboration, establishing ethical frameworks, and focusing on complex tasks, healthcare professionals can adapt to the changing landscape and ensure that AI technologies positively impact patient care without compromising job security.
Associations of Anthropometric Parameters with Thyroid Hormone Profiles and the Serum Proteins in Healthy Young Women in the Preconception Period
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland., Lisowska-Myjak Barbara , Zborowska Hanna ,   Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland., Białek Sławomir ,   Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland., Wroczyński Piotr ,   Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland., Kuch Marek ,   Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Masovian Bródnowski Hospital, Poland., Skarżyńska Ewa ,   Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Published: May 2024

Background: Establishing the associations between anthropometric parameters and thyroid hormones and serum proteins in apparently healthy young women may identify early predictors of possible latent pathology with potential impact on future pregnancy outcome and offspring heath. Methods: Body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, hip circumference, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], free tri-iodothyronine [fT3], free thyroxine [fT4]) and serum proteins (total protein [TP], electrophoretic profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], thyroxine-binding globulin [TBG], transthyretin [TTR]) were measured in 101 young (22.1±1.1 years) healthy women.