bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating effects of political skill on the perceived politics–outcome relationships
Authors: Brouer Robyn L. , Harris Kenneth J. , Kacmar K. Michele
Published: July 2010

Previous research has established that perceptions of organizational politics are associated with negative organizational outcomes. However, this may not hold true for all individuals. We offer subordinate and supervisor political skill, the ability to understand interactions at work and to use that understanding to effectively influence others, as possible moderators. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of both employees' self‐rated political skill and their managers' political skill on job satisfaction, job performance, and manager‐rated commitment. We examined these relationships in an organizational sample of 106 matched dyadic pairs and found mixed support for the joint moderating effect of self and manager political skill on the politics perceptions‐outcome relationships. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Der Einfluß verschiedener organischer Lösungsmittel auf das Wachstum von Bakterien
Authors: Patsch R. , Höhne C.
Published: July 2010

Es wurden 10 organische Lösungsmittel auf ihre antibakterielle Wirkung untersucht, um ihre Brauchbarkeit als Lösungsvermittler für Resistenzbestimmungen von Bakterien gegenüber in Wasser schwer löslichen Chemotherapeutica zu ermitteln. Aceton, Acetonitril und Diäthylformamid eignen sich nicht. Diacetonalkohol wird von S. aureus bis 2% und 1,4‐Dioxan von Kl. pneumoniae bis 1% toleriert. Die höchsten Toleranzgrenzen erreicht das Diäthylenglykolmonoäthylätheracetat, das bei S. aureus, E. coli, Kl. pneumoniae und Ps. aeruginosa bis 2% keine Wachstumshemmung verursacht. Die Grenzkonzentrationen für Formamid, Dimethylformamid und 1,4‐Dioxan variieren bei den getesteten Keimen von maximal 2% bis unter 1%.
Mutants with altered DNA base composition in Bacterium paracoli — the evidence from a marker
Authors: Gause G. F. , Laiko A. V. , Bibikova M. V. , Kusovkova L. I. , Selesneva T. I. , Dudnik Yu. V.
Published: July 2010

Chain‐forming mutants of Bacterium paracoli 5099 with increased sensitivity to many antibiotics and altered DNA base composition were first induced by ultraviolet radiation in 1966, and regularly obtained under the standard conditions of experiments during the last three years. When a marker of resistance to cycloserine was inserted into the parent strain, this marker was retained by mutants with altered DNA base composition which were induced by ultraviolet radiation in the parent strain. The system under investigation represents considerable interest for further studies of the origin of macro‐mutants of bacteria with altered DNA base composition.
L‐Formen von Escherichia coli K 12 (λ) I. Induktion und Vermehrungsweise
Authors: Schuhman Edith , Taubeneck U.
Published: July 2010

E. coli K12(λ) was transferred into L‐forms using penicillin and different temperatures of incubation. At 32 °C penicillin induced a stable L‐form (protoplast‐type) whereas at 37 °C instable L‐forms (spheroplast‐type) were obtained. Normal or reduced access of oxygen yielded the same results.

One of the instable L‐forms isolated (LK12(λ) inst I) as well as rods reverted from this L‐form in the absence of penicillin produced large amounts of a slimy substance on fluid or solid culture media. Newly formed rods were transformed on penicillin at once back into pleomorphic L‐form‐cells exactly resembling the instable L‐form LK12(λ) inst I. It is assumed that a mutation has taken place which is similar to the mucoid Ion mutants described with E. coli.
The in vitro transformation of progesterone by Rhizopus nigricans REF 129
Authors: Sallam L. A. R. , El‐Refai A. H. , El‐Kady I. A.
Published: July 2010

Hydroxylation of progesterone at C‐6, C‐11, C‐17, C‐21 as well as formation of 11α‐hydroxyallopregnane‐3,20‐dione was successfully performed with cell homogenate of a local strain of Rhizopus nigricans REF 129. Progesterone was only transformed to 17α‐ and 21‐hydroxy derivatives with the supernatant solution of the cell homogenate. 5α‐Hydrogenase, β‐hydroxylase, and 11α‐hydroxylase appeared to be located in the cell‐sediment fraction. Successful isolation of a cell preparation containing 11α‐hydroxylase system was obtained by treating the cell‐sediment fraction with citrate buffer, then by precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The formation of 6β,11α‐dihydroxyprogesterone was hindered by the addition of ascorbic acid to the reaction mixture.
Untersuchungen über die Aufnahme ünd Verwertung von Phosphatverbindungen durch Phosphatmangelzellen von Candida utilis I. Die Aufnahme von Pyrophosphat
Authors: Jungnickel F.
Published: July 2010

Bei Phosphatmangelzellen von Candida utilis ist die Aufnahmerate für Pyrophosphat vergleichbar mit der von Orthophosphat. Ebenso wie Orthophosphat kann auch Pyrophosphat nur bei Bereitstellung zellulärer Stoffwechselenergie in die Synthese von makromolekularen anorganischen Polyphosphaten einbezogen werden.
Der Spindelapparat bei Saccharomyces fragilis
Authors: Unger E. , Strunk Christa , May R.
Published: July 2010

Ultrastrukturuntersuchungen an Protoplasten und aufgebrochenen Zellen von Saccharomyces fragilis zeigten, daß während des gesamten Kernteilungscyklus die Kernhülle intakt bleibt sowie centriolar plaques und intranucleäre Mikrotubuli vorhanden sind. Während des Teilungsvorganges lassen sich kernassoziierte extranucleäre Mikrotubuli nachweisen. Die centriolar plaques besitzen eine Mehrscheibenstruktur und liegen auf dem Niveau der Kernhülle in einer modifizierten Kernpore. Sie sind eng assoziiert mit der Kernmembran und den Mikrotubuli, die sich ins Kerninnere und ins Grundplasma erstrecken.

Die Wanderung der centriolar plaques während des Kernteilungsvorganges in der Kernhülle wird wahrscheinlich hauptsächlich durch das Wachstum des Zentralstranges der Spindel gesteuert.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Existenz eines intranucleären Anhangsbereiches am centriolar plaque, mit dem Auftreten und den Veränderungen des Zentralkörperchens während des Kernteilungscyklus und des Übergangs des centriolar plaque von einer Zwei‐ zu einer Drei‐Scheiben‐Struktur werden seine Funktionen als Mikrotubulus‐Organisator, als Kinetochorenäquivalent und als Bewegungszentrum für den Kern diskutiert.
Biochemical analysis of bacterial macromutations
Authors: Roe C. R. , You K. S.
Published: July 2010

A mutant (DNA GC 70%) of Pseudomonas testosteroni (DNA GC 60%) has been shown to produce new strains of P. testosteroni having the same GC content as the parent strain 78 (60 moles %). Analyses of the protein and analogous enzymes by electrophoresis reveal an acidic alteration in the charge of all soluble proteins. Evaluation of the organisms in the Bacillus and Paracolon systems clearly demonstrates that total protein charge alterations from acidic to basic or basic to acidic are common features associated with alterations of DNA base compositions. The reported DNA content changes of mutants appears to follow a rule of single or multiple 25% substitution of parental adenine‐thymine content to guanine‐cytosine content in the mutant produced. The accuracy of this prediction of such a percentage change in mutant DNA content is presented.

The common features of extent of GC alteration and protein charge changes observed in the Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Paracolon systems suggest the possibility of a single mutational event producing an organism which is classified in a genus other then the parent.
Eine Mikromethode zur schnellen und spezifischen Serienbestimmung des Proteingehaltes unzerstörter Mikroorganismen
Authors: Hesse G. , Lindner K. , Müller R.
Published: July 2010

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es gestattet, den absoluten Proteingehalt in unzerstörten Mikroorganismen serienmäßig zu bestimmen. Als Material zur Erarbeitung und Diskussion der Methodik dienten Hefen; es lassen sich jedoch ohne Abänderung des Verfahrens Bakterien, Zellorganellen, Pilzsporen u. ä. untersuchen.

Proben mit einer Trockenmasse von 25 μg bis 200 μg werden auf Filterpapierquadrate aufgebracht, extrahierend fixiert und mit Bromphenolblau angefärbt. Die Extinktion des eluierten Farbstoffs wird spektrophotometrisch bei 598 nm gemessen.

Die Farbausbeute der Anfärbung ist nahezu linear abhängig von der Masse des Proteins und unabhängig von dessen Struktur und Aminosäurezusammensetzung.

Vergleichende Untersuchungen mit Hilfe klassischer Proteinbestimmungsverfahren (Gesamtstickstoff, Proteinstickstoff, Aminosäuren nach Totalhydrolyse) bestätigten die über die Färbemethode gewonnenen Proteinwerte.

Zur Trockengewichtsbestimmung kleinster Probemengen (Abnahme einer Impföse von distinkten Kolonien) dient eine Streulichtmessung im Suspensionsmittel Methanol/Wasser.

In proteinreichen Hefen ist der Anteil freier Aminosäuren signifikant niedriger als in proteinarmen Spezies. Dagegen ist der Anteil des nichtproteinischen Stickstoffes in allen untersuchten Stämmen annähernd gleich.
Induction of nocardioform growth in actinomycetes on media with D‐fructose
Authors: Nikitina E. T. , Kalakoutskii L. V.
Published: July 2010

189 strains of Actinomyces (Streptomyces) spp. were screened for their ability to give secondary nocardioform colonies when plated on synthetic mineral medium with either D‐fructose, D‐glucose or D‐galactose as a sole carbon and energy source. All cultures examined were able to utilize each of the sugars as a sole carbon and energy source. Over 6% of cultures tested yielded nocardioform variants when grown on medium with D‐fructose but not on D‐glucose or D‐galactose. The ability to respond in a particular manner to cultivation on a medium with D‐fructose was strain‐specific. No correlation was found between this ability and the systematic relationships or the antibiotic activity of the actinomycetes tested. Secondary nocardioform colonies usually emerged after a definite lag (5–12 days at 28 °C) within primary (or “normal”) colonies of actinomycetes. The size and number of secondary nocardioform colonies depended on the D‐fructose concentration in the medium. Certain implications of the reported findings are discussed.
Quantitative Untersuchungen zum Abbau von n‐Alkanen durch Candida‐Stämme
Authors: Krauel H. , Köhler M. , Weide H.
Published: July 2010

Durch Zentrifugation erhaltenes Rest‐Mepasin wurde gaschromatographisch analysiert. Bei der quantitativen Auswertung der Daten wurde Eikosan als Bezugsbasis zur Mengenermittlung aller verbliebenen Kettenlängen des Alkangemisches herangezogen. Der Fehler dieser Rechnung liegt unter 5%.

In der Belüftungskultur verdunsteten sowohl das Medium als auch die niederen Kettenlängen des Alkangemisches unkontrollierbar stark. Die Verdunstung in der Schüttelkultur war geringer und ließ sich standardisieren. Zu Untersuchungen des Wachstums der Hefen und des Abbaus des Alkangemisches wurde deshalb diese Form der Kultur angewandt.

Das Wachstum der Hefen und der Alkanverbrauch liefen konform. Der maximale Gesamtverbrauch von Kohlenwasserstoffen wurde zu Beginn der stationären Phase festgestellt und betrug etwa 30% (v/v) der eingesetzten Menge.
Interferenzmikroskopische Trockenmassebestimmungen an primären Strumazellen in Gewebekultur II. Messungen
Authors: Seeber Christine , Beyer H.
Published: July 2010

Die Trockenmasse und das Volumen von 200 primären fibroblastenartigen Strumazellen wurde bestimmt. Für den Kern betrug die Trockenmasse 79 ± 25 pg, das Volumen 2075 μm3, für das Plasma ergab sich eine Trockenmasse von 1016 ± 34 pg und ein Volumen von 9155 μm3. Eine signifikante Korrelation ließ sich für die Trockenmasse und das Volumen von Kern und Plasma nachweisen.
Phänotypische und genetische Analysen der „nutrient markers”︁ von Staphylococcus aureus und ihre taxonomische Bedeutung
Authors: Tschäpe H. , Rische H.
Published: July 2010

Von über 1000 Staphylococcus aureus‐Stämmen verschiedener epidemiologischer und geographischer Herkünfte wurden die Aminosäure‐ und Vitaminbedürftigkeiten (nutrient markers) bestimmt und deren genetische Ursachen durch Revertanten‐ und Transduktionsanalyse untersucht. Mit Hilfe der verschiedenen „nutrient markers”︁ lassen sich mindestens drei Standortvarietäten von S. aureus charakterisieren.
Herstellung von Seren gegen ein thermolabiles Antigen von Shigella sonnei und ihre immunelektrophoretischen Untersuchungen
Authors: Kühn H. , Kemmer G. , Seltmann G.
Published: July 2010

Zur Herstellung von Seren gegen ein thermolabiles Antigen von Shigella sonnei muß die Immunisierung auf 10 Injektionen verlängert werden, da nach 6 Injektionen die entsprechende Linie in der Immunelektrophorese im allgemeinen noch nicht gefunden werden kann. Zwischen der Höhe des Agglutinintiters und der Ausbildung von Antikörpern gegen das thermolabile Antigen fanden wir keine Zusammenhänge.
Phage‐like structures (SE‐particles) in cells of the unstable and stable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52
Authors: Gumpert J.
Published: July 2010

In cells of the stable and unstable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 small ellipsoidal particles (SE‐particles) could be found after investigation of ultrathin sections. The SE‐particles have diameters of 220–260 and 280–320 Å. They are composed of an electron lucent centre, an internal electron deanse layer, an electron lucent line and an outer electron dense layer. There is a porus of about 25 Å in the internal electron dense layer. The SE‐particles may be arranged in chains up to 10 particles. It seems that the particle formation starts near the cytoplasmic membrane at one or more sites in a cell.

Comparing electron microscopic observations with data from literature it seems certain that SE‐particles are bacteriophage‐like structures. However, it is not clear until now, whether they are intact tail‐less phages or defect phage structures.
Regulation der Alaninaminotransferase von Neurospora durch freie Aminosäuren
Authors: Ke‐Suong Ngo , Aurich H.
Published: July 2010

Die Aktivität der Alaninaminotransferase von Neurospora ist mit Aminosäuren als N‐Quelle höher als mit NH. In „shift”︁‐Versuchen induzieren Aminosäuren die Enzymsynthese.

Das Enzym zeigt während des Wachstums unabhängig von der N‐Quelle zwei Maxima der spezifischen Aktivität; das erste liegt in der lag‐Phase bzw. in der frühen exponentiellen Phase, das zweite bei Beginn der Autolyse.

Alaninaminotransferase wird vom Mycel in zwei Phasen produziert, einmal zu Beginn des Wachstums, zum zweiten in der stationären Phase. Während der Autolyse wird das Enzym abgebaut.

Die Funktionen der Alaninaminotransferase werden unter der Sicht der Regulation durch die intrazellulären freien Aminosäuren diskutiert.
Morphology, development and autoecism in Ravenelia breyniae SYDOW
Authors: Singh U. P.
Published: July 2010

Ravenelia breyniae SYDOW, parasitic on Melanthesa rhamnoides BLUME is autoecious, producing pycnia, uredinoid aecia, uredia, and telia. The teliospores differentiate by elongation of cells in the top stromatal layer while the central cuboid cells differentiate into a compound pedicel. The cell layer immediately below the maturing teliospore provides the cysts, one for each teliospore. Appendages on the surface of the teliospores differentiate from material of the apical wall.
Über die Variabilität physiologischer Eigenschaften in der Gattung Microsporum GRUBY I. Verwertung von Oleum pedum tauri durch M. audouinii und M. gypseum
Authors: Böhme Hannelore
Published: July 2010

Five species of the genus Microsporum (M. audouinii, M. canis, M. cookei, M. gypseum, M. vanbreuseghemii) were cultivated in an Oleum pedum tauri‐glutamate‐broth for three months. Amongst them M. gypseum produced the highest, M. audoinii the lowest amount of mycelium (dry weight) under these conditions. Both species differed further in rate and strength of growth, uptake of phosphate, deamination of glutamate, uptake of ammonium from, and excretion of enzymes into the medium. M. gypseum exceeded M. audouinii only with regard to the lipolytic, but not to the proteolytic or phospholytic activity. No direct correlations exist between growth rate, enzyme production, and pathogenicity of these fungi.
Untersuchungen zur heterotrophen Nitrifikation im See
Authors: Gode P. , Overbeck J.
Published: July 2010

The ecological importance of NH+4‐oxidation in an eutrophic lake by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria is examined by determination of the cell numbers of both groups of bateria over a long period. Ammonium oxidized by autotrophic bacteria is apparently of less importance because of the very low cell numbers of these bacteria

Heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria were found in much higher cell numbers. Calculation of the possible amount of oxidized ammonium by a single cell shows that in all probability these bacteria are responsible for the major part of nitrification in lake Plußsee.
Untersuchungen zur Konjugationsfähigkeit von Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Höhne C.
Published: July 2010

Es wird die durch R‐Plasmide verursachte Konjugationsfähigkeit von 20 S. typhimurium‐Stämmen im Vergleich zu Klebsiella pneumoniae und S. heidelberg ermittelt. Im Durch‐schnitt lagen die Übertragungsfrequenzen mit S. typhimurium deutlich unter denen mit Kl. pneumoniae und S. heidelberg. Jedoch wurden auch Ausnahmen beobachtet, aus denen sich die Bedeutung des Donators für die jeweilige Übertragungsfrequenz ergibt. Donatoren, die neben R‐Plasmiden auch eine Nifurantin‐ bzw. Nalidixinsäureresistenz besaßen, konnten zwar das R‐Plasmid, nicht aber die Nifurantin‐ bzw. Nalidixinsäureresistenz auf S. typhimurium übertragen.
Pilze aus Pilzgärten von Atta insularis in Kuba
Authors: Kreisel H.
Published: July 2010

Only one fungus species develops in the fungus gardens of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta insularis in Cuba under the influence of the ants. This species equals the fungus described by MÖLLER and forms the characteristic ‘kohlrabi bodies’ composed of bromatia. The supposed perfect fructification ‘Rozites’ gongylophora MÖLLER, was not found. With regard of the very rare appearance of that basidiomycete and of the dubious generic position of it, the bromatia‐forming mycelium is described under the new name Attamyces bromatificus (Mycelia sterilia). In pure culture, Attamyces bromatificus does not form reproductive structures. In nature, probably, propagation of this fungus depends almost on the activity of the leaf‐cutting ants. Therefore, the fungus must be considered as a specialized ectosymbiont

Attamyces bromatificus forms bromatia also in pure culture. Consequently, bromatia are not formed as a reaction to direct influence (by bite of by moistening with saliva) of ants

If the ants are eliminated from the fungus garden, in unsterile conditions, Attamyces bromatificus succumbs rapidly to the competition of unspecific soil fungi. Among others, a rapidly growing imperfect fungus, which represents a new genus and species described as Phialocladus zsoltii, develops frequently within 2–3 days; it corresponds to the ‘strong conidial form of Rozites gongylophora’ illustrated by MÖLLER and others. Simultaneously with the substitution of Attamyce by contaminants, the pH of the fungus substrate ascends from 5 to 6–8.
Co‐transduction mapping in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Stamminger Gudrun , Brendel M. , Kaplan R. W.
Published: July 2010

The linkage of 34 auxotrophic markers in strain HY of Serratia marcescens was studied by means of transductions with phages x and y. The markers could be ordered into 18 loci of different auxotrophies by transduction crosses with phage x (markers in trans‐position) 17 of which showed to be linked to at least one of the other loci. A linear map of this section of the genome was constructed. It corresponds well to the map of 8 loci derived from transductive crosses (markers in cis‐position) with phage y. Since a virion can transduce about 5 loci at the same time the map represents only a small section of the Serratia genome. No similarity to any part of the maps of Escherichia or Salmonella can be detected. It is discussed why most auxotrophic mutations which were induced by nitrosoguanidine map in this small genomic region.
Simulation of a cell cycle model of slowly growing Eschericha coli cells
Authors: Knorre W. A. , Müller H. , Simon Z.
Published: July 2010

A threshold concentration model for bacterial cells corresponding to the slow growth conditions studied by Kubitschek et al. (1967) was simulated on an analog computer. The stability of the model and the range of parameter values which reproduce the slow growth characteristics were studied. A characteristic of our model is the great oscillation of the DNA‐precursor pool whose synthesis is assumed to be subject to self‐inhibition. This periodic process is the basis of cell division in our model. Some modifications to rapid growth are also discussed.
Interferenzmikroskopische Trockenmassebestimmungen an primären Strumazellen in Gewebekultur. III. Effekt der Infektion mit Adeno‐Virus Typ 5
Authors: Seeber Christine , Beyer H. , Körting H. J.
Published: July 2010

Die Zellparameter Trockenmasse, Volumen und relative Trockenmasse von Plasma, Kern und Nucleolus wurden bei Adeno‐Virus Typ 5 infizierten (n = 76) und nicht infizierten (n = 33) Strumazellen bestimmt. Bei Virusreplikation ließ sich eine signifikante Abnahme der Trockenmasse (Kern und Nucleolus), eine Volumenverminderung (Plasma, Kern und Nucleolus) und ein Anstieg der relativen Trockenmasse registrieren. 24 Stunden nach In‐fektion waren Trockenmasse (Kern und Nucleolus), Volumen (Kern und Plasma) und relative Trockenmasse (Kern und Plasma) gegenüber Kontrollzellen signifikant verändert. Signifikante Korrelationen bestanden zwischen den Wertepaaren Trockenmasse/Volumen (Plasma. Kern und Nucleolus) sowie bei den relativen Trockenmassen von Kern/Plasma und außerdem von Kern/Nucleolus bei Virus infizierten und Kontrollzellen. Der Kern als Ort der Virusreplikation wies signifikante Korrelationen von Trockenmasse/Volumen auf, wenn die Korrelationskoeffizienten verschiedener Zeitpunkte p.i. (den Zeitraum von 24 bis 97 Std. p.i. umfassend) miteinander verglichen wurden. Diese Veränderung der Korrelationskoeffizienten lokalisierte den Kern als dynamisches Zentrum während der Replikation.

Die Anwendung der Interferenzmikroskopie für die Virusschnell‐Diagnostik wurde diskutiert.
Physicochemical investigations on DNA isolated from bacteria after photodynamic inactivation
Authors: Jacob H.‐E. , Sarfert Eva , Triebel H.
Published: July 2010

Spectrophotometric and sedimentation measurements have been used to investigate the influence of photodynamic in vivo action on the DNA from Proteus mirabilis. After photodynamic treatment of bacteria using thiopyronine as sensitizer the DNA was isolated under equal conditions both from the illuminated suspension and the corresponding control and dark suspension. The results obtained with various control samples show the high reproducibility of the DNA preparation technique used.

The photodynamic effect leads to a deterioration of cell lysis and to a considerable lowering of DNA yield. Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria results in several changes in the UV‐spectrum of DNA which indicate a loss of guanine bases.

From the sedimentation experiments performed on native and alkaline denatured DNA molecular weight distributions, number average molecular weights, and average numbers of single‐ and double‐strand breaks have been evaluated. The results show that DNA from photodynamically treated bacteria exhibitsa strong degradation of the single polynucleotide chains which considerably increases with light dose. On the basis of our result it cannot be decided whether the single‐strand scissions observed represent primary lesions of photo‐dynamic action or secondary lesions induced by alkaline treatment. Further studies at neutral pH conditions are necessary to answer this question.–As a byproduct, evidence is given for the existence of single‐strand interruptions in the control DNA from untreated bacteria.
Sporenbildung in wachsenden Bacillus subtilis‐Kulturen und ihre Korrelation zur Kompetenz für genetische Transformation
Authors: Kretschmer S.
Published: July 2010

Using shift‐experiments it was shown that there are two kinds of spores in Bacillus subtilis 168 differing in their genesis. Spores, which develop to a small extent in nonlimitated cultures are called NL‐spores, while the other ones, whose formation is initiated by growth‐limitation, are called L‐spores. The development of NL‐spores took 2.5 hrs. more than that of L‐spores. This prolongation was due to a presporulation stage, during which cells do not divide, and apparently no sporulation‐specific metabolism is expressed, Addition of glutamic acid to the glucose‐salt‐medium did not influence the frequency of cells passing from growth to the presporulation stage. But its presence prevented these resting cells from entering the sporulation stage, which they did in the glutamic acid‐free medium after having passed through the 2.5 hrs. lasting presporulation stage.

Cells developing competence for genetic transformation resemble to some extent sporulating cells. But as they do not appear under growth‐limiting conditions, it seems likely that competence may be connected only with the NL‐sporulation. Comparison of the kinetics as well as the frequency of transformation and NL‐sporogenesis do favour this hypothesis. Competence than would correspond to the last 50 min of the presporulation stage of the NL‐sporogenesis. But additional factors are involved in the expression of competence in cells being at that stage.
Protein production by local yeast strains with special emphasis on Geotrichum candidum
Authors: Osman H. G. , Chenouda M. S. , El‐Masry H. G.
Published: July 2010

The efficiency of yeasts isolated from decaying fruits was investigated. The strains studied were Torulopsis westerdijkii, Paratorulopsis ingeniosa, P. maris, Geotrichum novakii, and four different strains of G. candidum. G. candidum was the most promising new protein producing strain. The effects of molasses, corn steep liquor, and different carbon and nitrogen sources on yeast and protein production by G. candidum have been studied. A newly formulated synthetic medium supporting growth and protein yield of G. candidum has been adopted.
Metabolic activities and dynamic aspects of growth in Geotrichum candidum
Authors: Osman H. G. , Chenouda M. S. , El‐Masry H. G.
Published: July 2010

The metabolic activity of Geotrichum candidum was investigated. The chromatographic analysis of the cell pool and of the acid hydrolysate revealed the presence of almost all the amino acids previously detected in other yeasts. The pool pattern was not greatly different from the acid hydrolysate pattern, but it varied in certain stages of growth.
Morphology and cytology of Ravenelia emblicae Sydow
Authors: Singh U. P.
Published: July 2010

The morphology of spore‐forms in Ravenelia emblicae Sydow is described in detail. Only pycnial, uredial, and telial stages occur in its life cycle. Observations on nuclear behaviour in teliospore, basidium, and basidiospore are presented here. The haploid chromosome complement at the metaphase of meiotic nuclear division indicated 5 morphologically distinct chromosomes (n = 5).
Hippurate hydrolysis as a taxonomic criterion in the genus Streptomyces (order Actinomycetales)
Authors: Ziegler P. , Kutzner H. J.
Published: July 2010

About 300 strains of Streptomyces have been tested for their ability to hydrolyze hippurate to benzoic acid and glycine. Four different methods were employed to demonstrate this physiological activity: Formation of an alcaline reaction on hippurate agar and determination of benzoic acid by precipitation with sulfuric acid or by thin layer‐and gas liquid‐chromatography.

The results obtained in this study show that “hippuricase‐activity” is widespread among streptomycetes. Strong activity can be demonstrated with the sulfuric acid test whereas only partial hydrolysis of the substrate can be detected by chromatographic methods. Some species of which several strains were a vailable showed uniformity in regard to this property. This result indicates that the hydrolysis of hippurate is a useful taxonomic criterion in the genus Streptomyces.
Action of some metal ions, EDTA, and heated milk on the milk‐clotting process of Penicillium citrinum rennin‐like enzyme
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah A. F. , El‐Hawwary N. M.
Published: July 2010

The influence of some metal ions was investigated on the milk‐clotting activity of the pure rennin‐like enzyme of Penicillium citrinum 805. Barium and calcium enhanced the clotting activity while copper, nickel, and sodium ions showed slight inhibitory effects. Above a certain concentration limit, EDTA played a role by which its complexing action with calcium ions was compensated and the milk became readily coagulable by the enzyme. This phenomenon was more significant when EDTA was added to the milk instead of the enzyme. It was suggested that treatment of milk with EDTA led to homogenization and aggrregation of the phosphocaseinate particles whereby the clottability of milk was increased. The heating of milk rendered it more coagulable by the rennin‐like enzyme. This was attributed to different factors including the increase in the degree of aggregation of casein micelles and the release of NPN‐bound NANA by heat.
Aerobic inhibition of nitrate assimilation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kobayashi Miya , Ishimoto M.
Published: July 2010

Growth of Escherichia coli, strain K‐10, in synthetic medium with nitrate as a sole source of nitrogen was not found under aerobic conditions, but found in the medium under anaerobic conditions as well as in synthetic medium with ammonium or nitrite under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The presence of nitrate reductase activity in cells indicates that the growth inhibition is due to the inhibition of the enzyme by oxygen and not due to its absence. Conditions of preculture, inoculation size, pH, and composition of the nitratesynthetic medium did not affect the inhibition. All the 37 strains of E. coli tested were grown in the nitrate medium only anaerobically, while 18 strains of Klebsiella‐Aerobacter among 22 strains tested were grown in the nitrate medium both aerobically and anaerobically.
Apparent effect of pentachloronitrobenzene on the hyphal wall polysaccharides of two strains of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Georgopoulos S. G.
Published: July 2010

A pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) resistant mutant of Neurospora crassa and its respective wild type were grown in liquid medium with and without PCNB. Physically isolated hyphal walls were subjected to acid hydrolysis and analyzed for glucose and glucosamine. In the wild type strain PCNB reduced the amount of glucosamine by about 49% and increased the amount of glucose by 15%. The total glucose + glucosamine was significantly higher in the hydrolysates from the PCNB grown walls. These changes were accompanied by striking alterations in the hyphal morphology of the wild type strain but the chemical did not prevent the formation of cell wall around wall‐free protoplasts obtained from this strain. The morphology of the resistant mutant was not affected by PCNB but in the wall hydrolyzates there was a significant reduction of the amound of glucosamine. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies correlating morphology with cell wall composition in N. crassa.
Untersuchungen zur Antigenstruktur von Shigellen. IX. Struktur der O‐spezifischen Seitenketten der Lipopolysaccharide eines Shigella flexneri‐Serotyp 4b‐Stammes
Authors: Seltmann G. , Beer W.
Published: July 2010

Durch Partialhydrolyse des O‐spezifischen Polysaccharids von Sh. flexneri Stamm 38/64 (Serotyp 4b, Antigenstruktur IV:6…) und Charakterisierung der gebildeten Oligosaccharide, sowie durch Permethylierungsanalyse wurde die Struktur der “repeating units” dieses Polysaccharids ermittelt: magnified image
Repression des Malatenzyms durch n‐Alkane in Acinetobacter calco‐aceticus
Authors: Kleber H.‐P.
Published: July 2010

Acinetobacter calco‐aceticus oxydiert Succinat besser, wenn die Zellen auf Succinat gewachsen sind, als wenn sie auf Acetat oder n‐Alkanen kultiviert wurden. Das wird auf eine Repression des Malatenzyms durch Verbindungen zurückgeführt, die Acetat oder Acetyl‐CoA bilden. Die spezifische Aktivität des Malatenzyms ist auch nach Wachstum auf Succinat hoch, nach Wachstum auf Acetat oder n‐Alkanen dagegen sehr niedrig. Succinatadaptierte Zellen mit hoher Aktivität an Malatenzym verlieren im Acetat‐ bzw. n‐Alkan‐Medium signifikant an Aktivität.

Acetat und n‐Alkane wirken analog auf das Malatenzym, weil offenbar beim n‐Alkan‐Abbau intermediär Fettsäuren entstehen, die im Verlauf der β‐Oxydation Acetat bzw. Acetyl‐CoA liefern. Acetat scheint in A. calco‐aceticus durch die Repression des Malat‐enzyms eine Art „Grobkontrolle”︁ auszuüben, da eine Neuproduktion von Acetyl‐CoA aus Malat über Pyruvat unnötig geworden ist.
Ermittlung reaktionskinetischer Daten der Dampfinaktivierung von endotroph mit bivalenten Kationen beeinflußten Bacillus stearothermophilus‐Sporen
Authors: Musieslki H.
Published: July 2010

Von endotroph in Tris‐Puffer mit Calcium‐, Magnesium‐ und Manganionen beeinflußten Bacillus stearothermophilus‐Sporen wurden für eine reine Dampferhitzung bei 121 °C die Überlebensdaten aufgenommen. Unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen erfolgte nach der Halvorson‐ und Ziegler‐Gleichung beim Einsatz von 24 Cellulosescheiben mit angetrockneten Sporen der letztmögliche Überlebensnachweis für Ca‐Sporen nach 9 min bei D121 = 1,6 min, für Mg‐Sporen nach 7,2 min bei D121 = 1,3 min und für Mn‐ und Tris‐Sporen nach 5,5 min bei D121 = 1,0 min. Aus 9 verschiedenen Überlebenskurven konnte von angetrockneten Ca‐Sporen eine Absterbekurve in dem Temperaturbereich 115–135°C mit einen z‐Wert von 10 °C ermittelt werden.
Optimierung der Kulturbedingungen für Candida gulliermondii, Stamm H17
Authors: Schröder K. D. , Weide H.
Published: July 2010

Durch quantitative Optimierung von sieben für das Wachstum von Candida guilliermondii, stamm H17, wesentlichen Faktoren wurde die Teilungsrate von 0,61 h−1 erreicht. Dazu waren drei Serien von je 64 Kulturversuchen erforderlich. Die optimale Versuchsplanung erfolgte nach der Methode von Box‐Wilson in Kombination mit 2n‐Faktorenplänen. Dieses Verfahren führte nicht zu minimalen Größen für die Variablen, deren Kombination die maximale Meßgröße ergibt. Deshalb sollten die Ausgangswerte zur mathematischen Optimierung von Prozessen der mikrobiellen Biomasse‐ und Produktgewinnung generell aus suboptimalen Bereichen vorher aufgestellter Optimumskurven gewählt werden.
Anaerobiosis and oxygen consumption of some strains of Propionibacterium and a modified method for comparing the oxygen sensitivity of various anaerobes
Authors: Schwartz A. C.
Published: July 2010

A method is described that permits to compare the oxygen senstivity of different anaerobes independent of the respective cultural conditions, when a certain procedure of standardization outlined in detail is observed. If the corrected inhibition zones (1) obtained in deep agar cultures under 2 atm of O2 are plotted against the logrithms of the decimal dilutions (D) used for inocula, a straight line results which is described by the equation I = A log D + B. It is sugggested to call the slope A „modification factor”︁, and B “constant of oxygen sensitivity”. As proved for Propionibacterium a high value of A indicates a respiration, or a similar oxygen‐consuming process, which is responsible for the oxygen tolerance of the organism concerned. Growth inhibition becomes effective in Propionibacterium, only when the amount of oxygen present exceeds the oxygen‐consuming activity of the cells, and thus cannot be removed by them. The existence of several oxygensensitive sites in P. shermanii and P. pentosaceum is demonstrated by the inactivation of lactate, glycerol, and propionate oxidation in aerated cell suspensions.
A model on the induction by UV irradiation of Escherichia coli bacteria lysogenic with the bacteriophage Lambda
Authors: Noack D. , Rontó Gy.
Published: July 2010

The induction of Lambda prophages in lysogenic Escherichia coli cells is started after inactivation of repressor molecules coded for by the prophage genome itself. All agents known to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis are able to initiate a set of processes resulting in the inactivation of these repressors. In the case of UV light as an inducing agent it is suggested that the UV mediated damages within the bacterial DNA diminish the replication velocity leading through a set of intermediate processes to the inactivation of phage repressors by accumulation of repressor inactivating precursors of DNA synthesis. The analytical function for the dose effect curve is obtained from the product of the probability PI of cells containing I UV damages multiplied by the number I of UV damages after summing up all possible numbers of I. The probability of PI is calculated on the basis of the radiation kinetic model of RONTÓ et al. (1972). The theoretical dose effect curve, obtained shows a shoulder with an extrapolation number of 1.2 and a linear part at high irradiation doses in semilogarithmic plot. The experimental data obtained with UV induction of E. coli K12 (λ) are consistent with the model and show that only a few UV damages smaller than 10 per bacterial chromosome are sufficient for induction.
Geomikrobiologische Untersuchungen. XII. Verhalten von Mikroorganismen auf uranhaltigen Gesteinen
Authors: Ebner H. G. , Schwartz W.
Published: July 2010

Uranhaltige Gesteine führen an ihrer Oberfläche Verwitterungs‐Biozönosen von Pilzen und Bakterien, wie sie auch bei anderen Gesteinen vorhanden sind. Pilze und heterotrophe Bakterien lösen geringe Mengen von Uran. Ihr Keimgehalt je g Gestein nimmt ab, wenn das Verwitterungswasser mehr als 200 mg Uran pro Liter enthält. Wesentlich höher kann die Urantoleranz bei Stämmen von Thiobacillus ferrooxidans und besonders von Th. thiooxidans sein. Die bis jetzt nach Adaptation erreichten Höchstwerte liegen für Th. thiooxidans bei 12,5 g U/l, für Th. ferrooxidans bei 1 g U/l als (UO2)SO4. Sind Kupfersulfat und Uranylsulfat in der Lösung vorhanden, so wirken beide Schwermetalle unabhängig voneinander. Die maximalen für jedes Schwermetall getrennt ermittelten Toleranzwerte bleiben unverändert; eine kombinierte Giftwirkung läßt sich nicht nachweisen.
Studies of septation and separation in a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Ahmed N. , Rowbury R. J.
Published: July 2010

Salmonella typhimurium strain 4a is a temperature‐sensitive division mutant. At 39° or 42° in several media a septation lesion occurs since non‐septate filaments form at these temperatures. At lower temperatures in some media separation is aberrant since long chains of cells are formed. Since these division abnormalities are corrected either by revertion to ts+ or phenotypically by growth with sucrose, it is likely that both are the result of one lesion and that the component (S) which is temperature‐sensitive in strain 4a is involved in both septation and separation. At 42° S is irreversibly inactivated but at 39° inactivation appears to be reversible since division restarts rapidly when 39° filaments are returned to 25° and protein synthesis is not required for such division. Comparison of recovery times for 39° and 42° filaments suggests that the synthesis of enough S for division takes about 20 min at 25° while the septation and separation stages of division take only about 10 min at this temperature. Since these latter processes occur so quickly it seems likely that events other than septation and separation take up a substantial fraction of the D period.
Modes of multiplication in an unstable spheroplast type L‐form of Escherichia coli K12(λ)
Authors: Gumpert J. , Taubeneck U.
Published: July 2010

The multiplication of an unstable spheroplast type L‐form of E. coli K12(λ) inst I was investigated by light microscopic and electron microscopic methods. The L‐form cells were grown under the influence of penicillin in broth and on agar media. They show wall defects of different degrees. 5 types of multiplication could be differentiated morphologically: Multiplication by single site constriction, multiplication by multiple site constriction, multiplication by cell formation at the top of an outgrowth of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, multiplication by intracellular fragmentation as a result of asymmetric invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane, and multiplication as a consequence of fragmentation by formation of intracellular membranes. In larger cells different modes of multiplication can occur simultaneously. The results show that the mode of multiplication in unstable spheroplast type L‐form cells of E. coli K12 (λ) inst I does not only depend on some physical factors of the environment but also on the extent of disturbance in the cell envelope system. Obviously, the cytoplasmic membrane and intracellular membranes play an important role in the multiplication processes.
pH‐induzierte Wachstumsinhibition in Turbidostatenkulturen von Escherichia coli 2000
Authors: Müller P. J. , Bergter F. , Günther H. H. , Knorre W. A.
Published: July 2010

Growth of Escherichia coli 2000 in a turbidostate is inhibited for several hours after a transient decrease of the pH. This inhibition is not due to a damage of the bacteria by the acidity, but is due to product inhibition by secreted L‐valine. This result contributes to the interpretation of pH‐induced oscillations of growth in continuous cultures.
Temperature and hydrostatic pressure effects on gelatinase activity of a Vibrio sp. and partially purified gelatinase
Authors: Weimer Mary S. , Morita R. Y.
Published: July 2010

The production of gelatinase by psychrophilic Vibrio sp. and its subsequent activity were shown to be maximal at 24°C (the highest growth temperature for the organism) and pH 8.8. Hydrostatic pressure caused a decrease in cells' gelatinase production and activity.

Gelatinase, partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography, demonstrated optimal activity at 40°C and pH 9.3. In the absence of NaCl, no activity was observed while optimal activity occurred at 4.0% NaCl concentration. A greater decrease in activity was caused by hydrostatic pressure at 25°C than at 40°C.
Hemmung des Malatenzyms aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus durch Acetyl‐CoA
Authors: Kleber H.‐P.
Published: July 2010

Das aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus angereicherte Malatenzym wird durch Acetyl‐CoA gehemmt. Während in Abwesenheit des Inhibitors der Kurvenverlauf sowohl in der Primär‐ als auch in der Sekundärdarstellung für L‐Malat (KM‐Wert = 2,5 × 10−4 M) und NADP+ (M‐Wert = 5,3 × 10−5 M) linear ist, bedingt Anwesenheit von Acetyl‐CoA einen nichtlinearen Kurvenverlauf.

Gegen L‐Malat hemmt Acetyl‐CoA kompetitiv nichtlinear, gegen NADP+ nichtkompetitiv nicht‐linear. Die durch Acetyl‐CoA bedingte Hemmung ist abhängig vom pH‐Wert. Während bei pH 7,2 das Maximum der Hemmung liegt, ist die Hemmwirkung des Acetyl‐CoA bei pH 8,75 völlig auf‐gehoben.
Utilization of amino acids as sole nitrogen sources by thermophilic fungi
Authors: Oso B. A.
Published: July 2010

The organic nitrogen requirements of six thermophilic fungi were examined in liquid shake cultures at 45 °C. The fungi used were Mucor pusillus LINDT, Humicola lanuginosa (GRIFFON and MAUBLANC) BUNCE, Thermoascus aurantiacus MIEHE sensu APINIS, Thermoascus crustaceus (APINIS and CHESTERS) STOLK, Chaetomium thermophile var. coprophile COONEY and EMERSON, and Chaetomium thermophile var. dissitum COONEY and EMERSON. The organic nitrogen sources tested were casein hydrolysate (vitamin‐free), L‐proline, L‐glutamic acid, DL‐serine, L‐alanine, DL‐valine, L‐threonine, L‐arginine, DL‐aspartic acid, L‐asparagine, DL‐glutamine, glycine, L‐leucine, DL‐isoleucine, L‐lysine, DL‐methionine, DL‐phenylalanine, and L‐histidine. Growth was determined by the mycelial dry weight method. All the organisms grew well on casein hydrolysate. M. pusillus grew well on all the single amino acids, while H. lanuginosa grew well on all, but six of them. T. aurantiacus and T. crustaceus gave a fair yield of mycelium on about 50% of the single amino acids tested, while the other 50% served as poor sources of nitrogen. All the single amino acids were poorly utilized by C. thermophile var. coprophile and C. thermophile var. dissitum.
Methodische Untersuchungen über die Sporen‐ und Stäbchen‐Antigene vonClostridium butyricum(Stamm‐Nr. 1672A, MCCLUNG) unter Berücksichtigung der Gewinnung von stäbchenfreien Sporen — ein Beitrag für den biologischen Krebs‐Frühtest
Authors: Urban Sigrid , Ziebarth D. , Wildner G. P.
Published: July 2010

The investigations reported are concerned with the spore forming process ofClostridium butyricumby means of selective media, the production of spores, the germination potentialin vitroandin vivo, the serological determination of antisera against spores and rods ofCl. butyricumas a basis for a biologically early detection of cancer.

Besides the data reported in the literature our own experiments were aimed at obtaining a medium for optimal production of spores including the prescription of the equipment.

By using agglutination and precipitation tests (OUCHTERLONY‐test) rabbit antibodies against spores or rods, respectively, could be demonstrated.

Preliminary methods of histological as well as fluorescence‐serological characterizations are discussed with regard to locating the antigens in the tumorous tissue.
Precursorbildung und Biosynthese des Makrolidantibioticums A 6599 (Turimycin) durch Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599
Authors: Gräfe U. , Bocker H. , Thrum H.
Published: July 2010

The possible role of some metabolic systems producing acetyl‐CoA, malonyl‐CoA, and methylmalonyl‐CoA as initial precursors in the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic A 6599 by Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 was studied.

The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase exceeded in two higher producing strains about twofold those found in the mycelium of a lower producing one suggesting that in this organism an enhanced production of acetyl‐CoA should be one of the prerequisites necessary for an improved antibiotic biosynthesis. No clear interrelationship was established, however, between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite A 6599 on the one hand and the acetate and propionate kinase content on the other hand.

In S. hygroscopicus JA 6599 the carboxylation of acetyl‐CoA or propionyl‐CoA seems to be the major pathway giving malonyl‐CoA or methylmalonyl‐CoA, respectively. Thus, the activities of acetyl‐CoA and propionyl‐CoA carboxylases corresponded with both the levels of antibiotic production in several strains and with variations observed in the specific antibiotic production rate during the cultivation. Some other pathways synthesizing these precursors, e.g. via oxaloacetate, are assumed to be negligible since even in the mycelium of the lower producing strain increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were present.
Different types of thermoconditional clear plaque‐mutants and prophage induction by heat or cold of Serratia phage χ
Authors: Schimff W. , Steiger H. , Hoerschelmann D. V.
Published: July 2010

Phage χ of Serratia marcescens was treated with different mutagens to induce thermoconditional clear plaque‐mutants. 176 mutants obtained were analysed by crosses and found to be located in clear plaque‐region III. Two types resembling the mutants t2 and t1 of phage λ were identified. Lysogens for the mutant l 26 can be induced by heat and even by cold whereas they are scarcely inducible by uv. Nevertheless, a l 26 prophage like a uv inducible ct 163 prophage can be sensitized to thermoinduction by short preirradiation if the cells are incubated for 30 to 45 min between uv exposure and heating. With ct 163 this time corresponds to the minimum extension of latent period after uv induction compared with infection at low moi.

A mutant of clear plaque‐region II, cl54, shows an inverted thermoconditional behaviour forming clear plaques at 30 °C and turbid plaques due to lysogenization at 37 °C.