bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting lignin‐based photocatalyst with photocorrosion resistance for efficient H2O2 production via hetero‐interfacial π‐π stacking channels
Authors: Xiao Xinyu , Wang Honghan , Wang Xing , Liu Chao , Han Ying , Zhai Shangru , Du Haishun
Published: January 2025

As the most abundant renewable aromatic biopolymer resource on the Earth, lignin has become a cutting‐edge research hotspot in clean photocatalysis, thanks to the distinct highest occupied molecular‐orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular‐orbital energy levels driven by the major β‐O‐4 linked bonds. However, the complex spatial architecture of functional groups, represented by benzene rings in the 3D intertwined macromolecular chains of lignin, and the challenge of enhancing carrier separation efficiency remain persistent obstacles hindering the development of lignin‐based photocatalysts. Herein, a strategy of constructing lignin nanosphere‐graphene oxide heterointerfaces (EL‐GO) is proposed to comprehensively enhance the efficacy of functional groups and facilitate photoelectron migration modes. The recombination time of light‐excited photoelectrons is effectively prolonged by the π‐π interactions between the “Donor site” and “Acceptor site” functional regions, along with the directional migration of photoelectrons between EL and GO. The photocatalytic efficiency of H2O2 production using EL‐GO is significantly enhanced under the protective mechanism of GO. To assess its potential, a prospect estimation of EL‐GO in a lake containing various pollutants and metal ions was conducted, simulating real water conditions. This pioneering engineering effort aims to curb excessive consumption of fossil fuels and explore the green applications of lignin, thereby constructing a “carbon‐neutral” feedstock system.
Unassisted photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by employing III–V photoelectrode with 15% solar‐to‐fuel efficiency
Authors: Peramaiah Karthik , Varadhan Purushothaman , Ramalingam Vinoth , Khan Bilawal , Das Pradip Kumar , Huang Hao , Fu Hui‐Chun , Yang Xiulin , Tung Vincent , Huang Kuo‐Wei , He Jr‐Hau
Published: January 2025

Solar‐driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an opportunity to produce value‐added chemical feedstocks and fuels. However, achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2RR into selective products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst properties. Herein, we construct an efficient, concentrated sunlight‐driven CO2RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple‐junction cell as a photoanode and oxide‐derived Au (Ox‐Au) as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC CO2RR. Under one‐sun illumination, a maximum operating current density of 11.5 mA cm–2 with an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ~98% is achieved for carbon monoxide (CO) production, leading to a solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency of ~15%. Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun, the photoanode records a maximum current density of ~124 mA cm–2 and maintains ~60% of FE for CO production. The results demonstrate crucial advancements in using III–V based photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO2RR.
Antipyretic Effect of Dexibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Fever Caused by Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Zhao Chengsong , Zhao Lin , Xie Juanjuan , Wang Xinli , Li Changchong , Cheng Huanji , Shen Kunling
Published: January 2025

Dexibuprofen is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of ibuprofen. However, its application as an antipyretic in children with fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) requires more evidence. This study aimed to compare the antipyretic effect between dexibuprofen and ibuprofen in children with fever caused by URTI. Totally, 281 subjects were randomly assigned to the dexibuprofen (N = 142) or ibuprofen (N = 139) group at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects in the dexibuprofen or ibuprofen group were administered dexibuprofen + ibuprofen mimetic solution or ibuprofen + dexibuprofen mimetic solution 1‐4 times per day. Dexibuprofen was considered at least as effective as ibuprofen if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mean difference in axillary temperature change at 4 hours was greater than −0.3°C. The axillary temperature change after 4 hours was 1.3°C in the dexibuprofen group and 1.4°C in the ibuprofen group. The difference in axillary temperature change at 4 hours was −0.10°C (95% CI, −0.27 to 0.09°C) between the 2 groups, and the lower limit of the 95% CI was greater than −0.3°C, suggesting a comparable antipyretic effect of dexibuprofen to ibuprofen. The axillary temperature change from baseline, rates of normal axillary temperature at 4 hours, time to normal axillary temperature, and disease‐related symptoms at 24 or 48 hours were not different between the dexibuprofen and ibuprofen groups (all P  > .05). The incidence of adverse events did not differ between the 2 groups (all P > .05). In conclusion, dexibuprofen has a comparable antipyretic effect and safety profile to ibuprofen in Chinese children with fever caused by URTI.
Numerical simulations and experimental verifications at micro‐, meso‐, and macroscales of droplet evaporation: A comprehensive review with special focus on saline droplets
Authors: Ning Youchen , Gan Yunhua , Dong Chuanshuai , Qi Ronghui
Published: January 2025

Evaporation of saline droplets significantly impacts industrial processes such as water and gas treatment. Simulations, with advantages in describing temperature, concentration, and velocity distribution inside the droplet, receive increasing attentions. This paper summarized research on numerical simulations of droplet evaporation at micro‐, meso‐, and macroscales, emphasizing saline or multicomponent droplets. Accurate description of physics at phase interfaces and within proves to be critical for modeling. While recent studies have investigated on interface motion and temperature distribution, the coupling effect of internal concentration and flow distribution is still rarely considered. Among numerical methods, the lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for droplet scale due to its ability to handle non‐continuum behavior. Bridging multiscale models remains a challenge, particularly in describing Marangoni and capillary flows. Experimental approaches to the effects of external physical fields (electric, magnetic, convection, and laser) and substrate properties on evaporation were also reviewed. Visualizing evaporation under various conditions can validate macroscopic models, while experiments with different substrates can validate molecular scale simulations, as substrate properties primarily affect evaporation by affecting capillary flow at the droplet bottom. This paper comprehensively reviewed numerical research on droplet evaporation, and analyzed the advantages, limitations, and development directions of various numerical methods.
Effect of gas flow rate on bubble formation on superhydrophobic surface
Authors: O'Coin Daniel , Ling Hangjian
Published: January 2025

We experimentally studied the effect of gas flow rate Q on the bubble formation on a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). We varied Q in the range of 0.001 < Q/Qcr < 0.35, where Qcr is the critical value for a transition from the quasi‐static regime to the dynamic regime. The bubble geometrical parameters and forces acting on the bubble were calculated. We found that as Q increase, the bubble detached volume (Vd) increased. After proper normalization, the relationship between Vd and Q generally agreed with those observed for bubbles detaching from hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, we found that Q had a minor impact on bubble shape and the duration of bubble necking due to the negligible momentum of injected gas compared to surface tension and hydrostatic pressure. Lastly, we explained the primary reason for the larger Vd at higher flow rates, which was increased bubble volume during the necking process. Our results enhanced the fundamental understanding of bubble formation on complex surfaces and could provide potential solutions for controlling bubble generation and extending the application of SHS for drag reduction, anti‐fouling, and heat and mass transfer enhancement.
Programmable optical window bonding enabled 3D printing of high‐resolution transparent microfluidic devices for biomedical applications
Authors: Ye Mengguang , Xue Yuxiang , Zhao Hongyu , Hazelton Patricia , Ji Yuxuan , McHale Glen , Chen Xianfeng
Published: January 2025

Traditional technologies for manufacturing microfluidic devices often involve the use of molds for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting generated from photolithography techniques, which are time‐consuming, costly, and difficult to use in generating multilayered structure. As an alternative, 3D printing allows rapid and cost‐effective prototyping and customization of complex microfluidic structures. However, 3D‐printed devices are typically opaque and are challenging to create small channels. Herein, we introduce a novel “programmable optical window bonding” 3D printing method that incorporates the bonding of an optical window during the printing process, facilitating the fabrication of transparent microfluidic devices with high printing fidelity. Our approach allows direct and rapid manufacturing of complex microfluidic structure without the use of molds for PDMS casting. We successfully demonstrated the applications of this method by fabricating a variety of microfluidic devices, including perfusable chips for cell culture, droplet generators for spheroid formation, and high‐resolution droplet microfluidic devices involving different channel width and height for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing. Overall, our 3D printing method demonstrates a rapid and cost‐effective approach for manufacturing microfluidic devices, particularly in the biomedical field, where rapid prototyping and high‐quality optical analysis are crucial.
TeenGrowth: Individualized Estimations of Weight‐Related Risk and Recovery Metrics for Young People With Eating Disorders
Authors: Schaumberg Katherine
Published: January 2025

Objective

While weight restoration and/or stabilization is crucial for successful treatment and sustained recovery from restrictive eating disorders (EDs), it is often challenging to define an individual's expected healthy body weight. This paper introduces the TeenGrowth package and its web‐based application, designed to calculate and forecast predicted body mass index (BMI) and weight across adolescence.

Method

TeenGrowth includes functions for data cleaning, predicted BMI z‐score and BMI calculations, and growth forecasting. The accompanying Shiny web application provides a user‐friendly interface, enabling the identification of predicted weights for individuals. Through a series of 30 computer‐simulated datasets for 1100 individuals (1000 “healthy” and 100 “ED”), the package's options for predictive models are evaluated.

Results

Simulation results highlight the potential for use in ED screening and treatment and guide users on modeling options. Prediction of adolescent BMI was more accurate for TeenGrowth models, specifically mean pre‐ED BMIz, most recent pre‐ED BMIz, or the combination of these metrics (median BMI error for these methods across all simulations = 0.69) when compared to predictions at the 50th percentile of population‐based norms (median BMI error = 2.15). Aggregated across simulation approaches, results further support optimal accuracy in identifying ED cases when using mean, most recent, or mean + most recent methods (mean ED case classification accuracy = 0.86) as compared to the use of a population‐based metric—85% of the 50th percentile BMI (mean classification accuracy = 0.61).

Discussion

The introduction of TeenGrowth represents a first step towards setting reproducible, personalized predicted body weights for young people.
Serbian Traditional Spirit Enriched With Yellow Gentian and Saline Wormwood: Volatile Profile and Sensory Traits
Authors: Veljović Sonja , Cvetković Dragan , Petrović Marija , Luković Milica , Karabegović Ivana , Vukosavljević Predrag , Stevanović Zora Dajić
Published: January 2025

Since ancient times numerous, aromatic and medicinal herbs have been commonly used for the production of various herbal beverages. The effect of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) and saline wormwood (Artemisia santonicum) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds and the sensory properties of the Serbian traditional plum brandy (“slivovitz”) was investigated. Simultaneously, similar commercial alcoholic beverages obtained from the local market have been researched for comparison. Eighty‐nine volatile compounds were detected by GC–MS analysis in tested herbal spirits. More than 30% of detected volatile compounds belong to esters, whereas fatty acid esters contributed to the flavour with pleasant fruity and floral notes. The addition of A. santonicum improved the complexity of volatile profiles, with the main contribution of ketones. On the other hand, the phenylethyl alcohol, typical for its pleasant odour, was exclusively detected in samples enriched by yellow gentian. Saline wormwood contains compounds of a higher influence on lightness compared to the gentian root, whose compounds have increased the red colour intensity of the alcoholic product. The volatile compounds of yellow gentian and saline wormwood enriched the sensory properties of alcohol spirits, both contributing to the fruity aroma, with differences in spicy and herbal aroma, respectively. Extractible compounds of the studied herbs increased the complexity of the volatile profile, which significantly improved the aroma of herbal spirits. Selected herbs, already known for their traditional ethnomedicinal uses in the Balkans, could be considered as valuable material for production of functional beverages of attractive sensory traits.
Microglial Responses to Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: Insights From “Omics” Studies
Authors: Reid Aquene N. , Jayadev Suman , Prater Katherine E.
Published: January 2025

Human genetics studies lent firm evidence that microglia are key to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis over a decade ago following the identification of AD‐associated genes that are expressed in a microglia‐specific manner. However, while alterations in microglial morphology and gene expression are observed in human postmortem brain tissue, the mechanisms by which microglia drive and contribute to AD pathology remain ill‐defined. Numerous mouse models have been developed to facilitate the disambiguation of the biological mechanisms underlying AD, incorporating amyloidosis, phosphorylated tau, or both. Over time, the use of multiple technologies including bulk tissue and single cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics have shed light on the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes and molecular patterns altered in AD mouse models. Each of these 'omics technologies provide unique information and biological insight. Here, we review the literature on the approaches and findings of these methods and provide a synthesis of the knowledge generated by applying these technologies to mouse models of AD.
Exploring Summer Precipitation Stable Isotopes in the Monsoon Border Zone: Environmental Drivers and Moisture Source Tracing
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Wenbao , Shi Xiaohong , Shi Yujiao , Arvola Lauri
Published: January 2025

Precipitation processes in the monsoon border zone (MBZ) of China remain unclear because of the complex hydro‐climatic interactions. This study analyzes the temporal variation of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation and its influencing factors based on samples of precipitation events in Lake Dali during summer from 2018 to 2020. The results showed significant monthly isotopic variability, characterised by lower δ2H and δ18O values in July with averages of −103.62‰ and −14.87‰, respectively. This clear isotopic variability is largely related to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity during the prevailing summer monsoon season and hydrometeorological processes. The isotopic composition of precipitation is mainly determined by the amount of precipitation and relative humidity, but not related to temperature. The results of backward trajectory modelling show that precipitation primarily originates from northern China, inland Xinjiang, and the western Pacific with different monthly contributions. The increase in δ2H and δ18O isotopes from June to August indicates sub‐cloud evaporation. The mean sub‐cloud evaporation rate was 3.5% during the summer. Sub‐cloud evaporation is associated with relative humidity and precipitation. Recycled moisture accounts for 12% of local precipitation and 2.5%–31.6% of total monthly precipitation. After considering the contribution of evaporation, the estimated average recycling ratio increased from 12% to 24%, suggesting the important role of evaporation processes in lakes in the formation of precipitation.
Harnessing conversion bridge strategy by organic semiconductor in polymer matrix memristors for high‐performance multi‐modal neuromorphic signal processing
Authors: Dong Weijia , Ji Xuan , An Chuanbin , Xu Chenhui , Zhang Xuwen , Zhao Bin , Liu Yuqian , Wang Shiyu , Yu Xi , Liu Xinjun , Han Yang , Geng Yanhou
Published: January 2025

Organic memristors, integrating chemically designed resistive switching and mechanical flexibility, present promising hardware opportunities for neuromorphic computing, particularly in the development of next‐generation wearable artificial intelligence devices. However, challenges persist in achieving high yield, controllable switching, and multi‐modal information processing. In this study, we introduce an efficient distribution of conversion bridges (EDCB) strategy by dispersing organic semiconductor (poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene], PBTTT) in elastomer (polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene, SEBS). This innovative approach results in memristors with exceptional yield, high stretchability, and reliable switching performance. By fine‐tuning the semiconductor content, we shift the primary charge carriers from ions to electrons, realizing modulable non‐volatile, and volatile duo‐mode memristors. This advancement enables multi‐modal signal processing at distinct operational mechanisms—non‐volatile mode for image recognition in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and volatile mode for dynamic classification and prediction in reservoir computing (RC). A fully analog RC hardware system is further demonstrated by integrating the distinct volatile and non‐volatile modes of the EDCB‐based memristor into the dynamic neuron network and the linear regression layer of the RC respectively, achieving high accuracy in online arrhythmia detection tasks. Our work paves the way for high‐yield organic memristors with mechanical flexibility, advancing efficient multi‐mode neuromorphic computing within a unified memristor system integrating volatile and non‐volatile functionalities.

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Extensions of Steiner Triple Systems
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Figula Agota , Galici Mario
Published: January 2025

In this article, we study extensions of Steiner triple systems by means of the associated Steiner loops. We recognize that the set of Veblen points of a Steiner triple system corresponds to the center of the Steiner loop. We investigate extensions of Steiner loops, focusing in particular on the case of Schreier extensions, which provide a powerful method for constructing Steiner triple systems containing Veblen points.
Integrating digital technology in endodontic education: A randomized controlled trial evaluating student self‐assessment and perspectives
Authors: Poly Ane , Harness Conrad , Vu Emily , Biradar Aparna , Buie Christine Amanda , Burnett Janna E. , Schweitzer Jordan L.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To assess a modified use of Compare software as a resource to (1) improve students’ ability to self‐assess their endodontic access preparations (EAPs) and (2) students’ opinions of this adjunct.

Methods

Sixty second‐year dental students were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30). A questionnaire was developed and validated. Both groups performed two accesses on #14 acrylic teeth, one at the course's outset and another at its conclusion, and evaluated them using a traditional method of assessment, completed the self‐assessment form, and answered items 1‒4 of the questionnaire. The experimental group (G2) received training and were asked to evaluate their EAPs three‐dimensionally (3D), complete the self‐assessment form a second time, and answer items 5‒14 of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically (significance set at 5%).

Results

Using the traditional method, G1 (control group) showed improvement in “size‐shape,” G2 in “encroachment,” and both increased their “overall rate” (p < 0.05). Using the 3D method, G2 showed improvement in the “mesial extent” (p < 0.05). No difference was found between groups for self‐assessment or opinions (items 1‒4) (p > 0.05). However, both had an increase in confidence from the first access to the second, and G1 participants believed they improved their ability to perform and assess EAPs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

No difference was observed between the two groups when relying upon the traditional method alone. Both groups experienced an increase in confidence but only G1 believed that their ability to perform and assess EAPs improved. Notably, 96.7% of G2 believed that the 3D method should be incorporated into preclinical endodontic training.
Temporal distribution of schedule‐induced behavior depends on the essential value of the reinforcer
Authors: Martínez‐Herrada Antonio , Pellón Ricardo , López‐Tolsa Gabriela E.
Published: January 2025

The development of schedule‐induced drinking depends on different variables affecting the food delivered at the end of the interfood interval. There are mixed results concerning the effects of varying magnitude and/or preference of different reinforcers in the development of schedule‐induced drinking, with some studies showing higher levels and other studies showing lower levels of drinking. The purpose of this study was to observe how differences in preference for a flavor of equally nutritious food pellets influence the development and maintenance of schedule‐induced drinking. Using the operant demand framework, four flavors of food pellets were compared to form two groups: one in which subjects would receive their most preferred flavor and another in which subjects would receive their least preferred flavor. In general, licking rates were lower and magazine‐entering rates were higher when the preferred flavor was delivered regardless of the fixed‐time schedule used. It is suggested that the value of the reinforcer has a larger influence on the immediately preceding behaviors, which will determine the distribution of competing responses in the interreinforcement intervals. These results are relevant to developing public policies that manipulate the taste of healthy food to increase its consumption.
Highly‐Efficient Differentiation of Reactive Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Using Multi‐Object Detection Network With Large Kernels
Authors: Liu Zihan , Peng Haoran , Ye Zhaoyi , Lian Chentao , Shen Hui , Xiang Hengyang , Xiong Bei , Mei Liye
Published: January 2025

Reactive lymphocytes are an important type of leukocytes, which are morphologically transformed from lymphocytes. The increase in these cells is usually a sign of certain virus infections, so their detection plays an important role in the fight against diseases. Manual detection of reactive lymphocytes is undoubtedly time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, requiring a high level of professional knowledge. Therefore, it is highly necessary to conduct research into computer‐assisted diagnosis. With the development of deep learning technology in the field of computer vision, more and more models are being applied in the field of medical imaging. We aim to propose an advanced multi‐object detection network and apply it to practical medical scenarios of reactive lymphocyte detection and other leukocyte detection. First, we introduce a space‐to‐depth convolution (SPD‐Conv), which enhances the model's ability to detect dense small objects. Next, we design a dynamic large kernel attention (DLKA) mechanism, enabling the model to better model the context of various cells in clinical scenarios. Lastly, we introduce a brand‐new feature fusion network, the asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN), which strengthens the model's ability to fuse multi‐scale features. Our model ultimately achieves mAP50 of 0.918 for reactive lymphocyte detection and 0.907 for all leukocytes, while also demonstrating good interpretability. In addition, we propose a new peripheral blood cell dataset, providing data support for subsequent related work. In summary, our work takes a significant step forward in the detection of reactive lymphocytes.
Anatomical Alterations Caused by Meloidogyne incognita in the Rhizospheric Region of Curcuma longa in Baruasagar Town of Jhansi (U.P.) India
Authors: Sachan Abha , Kashyap Neelam , Sengar Manvendra
Published: January 2025

Root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita are sedentary endoparasites with a broad host range which includes economically important medicinal plant species including Turmeric. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant (MAPs) grown at Baruasagar town in Jhansi district where root‐knot nematodes are a major threat in production fields. The invasion of M. incognita causes serious morphological abnormalities like stunted growth and yellowness of leaves above the ground and the formation of galls at the rhizospheric root, below the ground. The infected root samples of C. longa were collected from three different agro‐ecosystem zones of Baruasagar town of Jhansi and processed for optical microscopic investigation. For ascertaining the histopathological modifications, the galled roots were collected and the egg masses were picked from them for culture. The giant cells observed with thicker irregular cell walls and possessed dense cytoplasmic contents with multiple nuclei.
On the Ubiquity of Oriented Double Rays
Authors: Gut Florian , Krill Thilo , Reich Florian
Published: January 2025

A digraph is called ubiquitous if every digraph that contains arbitrarily many vertex‐disjoint copies of also contains infinitely many vertex‐disjoint copies of . We study oriented double rays, that is, digraphs whose underlying undirected graphs are double rays. Calling a vertex of an oriented double ray a turn if it has in‐degree or out‐degree 2, we prove that an oriented double ray with at least one turn is ubiquitous if and only if it has a (finite) odd number of turns. It remains an open problem to determine whether the consistently oriented double ray is ubiquitous.
Standardized biopsy protocols improve adherence to eosinophilic esophagitis and celiac disease endoscopic biopsy guidelines
Authors: Tam Sharon S. , Williams Beth , Kohli Rohit , Saeed Shehzad
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Optimal detection of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease (CeD) requires appropriate sampling of the upper gastrointestinal tract during endoscopy. However, endoscopic biopsy guidelines are poorly followed in clinical practice. A quality improvement (QI) initiative was undertaken to improve adherence to published EoE and CeD biopsy guidelines by creating standardized biopsy protocols.

Methods

A biopsy form with disease‐specific biopsy protocols was created and implemented. Endoscopists were initially asked to complete the form pre‐procedure to indicate anticipated biopsies. After integration into the electronic health records (EHR), the form was completed by the primary treating clinician at the time endoscopy was requested. Data were collected through chart review of endoscopy and pathology reports. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze these metrics: adherence to biopsy guidelines (outcome measure), biopsy form utilization (process measure), and immediate and delayed procedural complications (balancing measures). Baseline adherence to biopsy guidelines was determined by retrospective chart review of upper endoscopies performed pre‐intervention.

Results

Overall adherence to biopsy guidelines improved from an average of 45% to 78.9% with our interventions. Improvement was sustained during the 2‐year study period. Adherence to biopsy guidelines improved from an average of 55% to 84% for EoE and from 13.3% to 69.5% for CeD. Decreased variability in biopsy practice was noted over time. The EHR‐integrated form led to consistently high utilization (>90%). Both immediate and delayed complications remained zero.

Conclusions

Standardization of endoscopic biopsies using an EHR‐integrated pre‐procedure checklist leads to improved and sustained adherence to recommended EoE and CeD biopsy guidelines.
Managing a chronic skin ailment with non‐ionic surfactant based micro‐emulgel loaded with bio‐actives: Formulation, characterization and biological evaluation
Authors: Vyas Khushbu , Channawar Madhuri , Dalal Jayshree , Chandewar Anil , Jumade Prasad
Published: January 2025

In a global report on psoriasis, World Health Organization stated that, a significant portion of the global population suffers from psoriasis, a chronic, non‐contagious autoimmune, inflammatory skin disorder mediated by T cells with unpredictable relapse. Overall, there is ample evidence to suggest that the treatment of psoriasis with synthetic agents is associated with ample of systemic long term side effects. The present study aims at the use of novel nanosized carriers for plant bio‐actives to significantly enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of plant actives and avoid side‐effects of synthetic agents. In present study, we have created Quercetin and Ferulic acid loaded micro‐emulsion formulations using, oleic acid, Polysorbate 80 and propylene glycol as the oil, surfactant, and co‐surfactant, respectively. To make topical psoriasis treatment easier, various batches of microemulsions with surfactant: cosurfactant compositions ranging from 31%w/w to 34%w/w were prepared and embedded in a hydrogel system containing gelling agents like sodium alginate and carbapol 940. Numerous parameters, including viscosity, spreadability, globule size, zeta potential, polydispersibility index, refractive index, percent transmittance, conductivity test, etc., were assessed for these developed microemulsions and micro‐emulgels (microemulsion loaded hydrogels). The created formulations were found pharmaceutically satisfactory and known to possess good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, the most commonly known pathogen which can be the possible agent to exaggerate the psoriatic symptoms.
Physicochemical characterization, bioactive compounds, and in vitro digestion characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil: a comprehensive investigation
Authors: Wang Yandan , Xu Hua , Wei Wei , Yu Le , Meng Xiangyong , Wang Xingguo
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Moringa oleifera is a wild plant belonging to the genus Moringa and the family Moringaceae, which possesses valuable nutritional and medicinal properties and is inexpensive. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the potential of M. oleifera seed oil (MoSO) as a food ingredient by investigating its physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and in vitro digestion characteristics.

RESULTS

The results revealed that MoSO exhibited a high oleic acid content, which constituted 72.06 ± 0.17% of the total fatty acid content. The oil consisted of ten primary triacylglycerols, with O‐O‐O (40.64 ± 0.41%), Do‐O‐O (17.22 ± 0.17%), O‐O‐P (14.92 ± 0.15%) and Eo‐O‐P (10.50 ± 0.10%) being the most abundant. It contained certain bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols (224.04 ± 1.78 mg/kg) and phytosterols (2155.65 ± 23.45 mg/kg). The in vitro digestion behavior of MoSO emulsion was also investigated. The maximum release of free fatty acids in MoSO was 90.14 ± 2.77%, surpassing that observed in soybean oil (85.62 ± 3.01%). Moringa oleifera seed oil also exhibited a substantial release of oleic acid and greater bioaccessibility.

CONCLUSION

These findings contribute to the current knowledge on MoSO as a promising candidate for a high‐quality edible vegetable oil. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Reassessment of the Clinical Utility of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT in Patients With Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Prela Orjola , Caveney Brennen , Strawderman Myla , Linehan David , Galka Eva , Schoeniger Luke , Hezel Aram , Badri Nabeel , Carpizo Darren R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs) are a rare and biologically diverse group of tumors that are challenging to image. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT is the most sensitive imaging tool for these tumors, and while its use has increased over time, its clinical impact remains unclear, particularly for clinical scenarios involving surveillance after treatment. We sought to reassess its clinical utility across all stages.

Methods

Retrospective study of pathologically confirmed GEP‐NET patients between 1/1/2020 and 9/1/2022 at a tertiary care center. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were analyzed. The primary objective was to determine if PET/CT use was associated with a change in clinical management. The secondary objective was to determine if PET/CT was superior in identifying primary or metastatic lesions compared to traditional imaging.

Results

One hundred twenty‐four patients with GEP‐NETs underwent 207 PET/CT scans. The majority of scans were obtained for disease surveillance (70.2%) or staging (37.9%), and the remaining (3.2%) were used to aid in diagnosis or before PRRT initiation (3.2%). Following PET/CT scan, 51 patients (41.1%) had a change in clinical management, with change being higher among those with metastatic disease (44.9% vs. 14.5%). Of the 124, 72 patients had traditional imaging available for comparison. In this subgroup, 34 patients (47.2%) had new lesions identified on PET/CT that were not identified using traditional imaging resulting in a change in management in 79.4% favoring patients with M1 versus M0 disease (26.9% M0 vs. 58.7% M1, p = 0.010).

Conclusion

68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging is clinically most useful for initial staging and in surveillance and monitoring response to therapy in the metastatic setting. It is least useful for surveillance in the early‐stage setting and does not support its use following curative intent surgery. It remains superior to unlabeled imaging in sensitivity and the additional disease burden detected is highly likely to change management.
Phase I/II Trial of Perioperative Avelumab in Combination With Chemoradiation in the Treatment of Stage II/III Resectable Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Uboha Nataliya V. , Basree Mustafa M. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Deming Dustin A. , Matkowskyj Kristina , Maloney James , McCarthy Daniel , DeCamp Malcolm , LoConte Noelle , Emmerich Philip B. , Kraus Sean , Patel Monica A. , Kratz Jeremy D. , Lubner Sam J. , Hurst Newton , Bassetti Michael F.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Standard treatment of patients with stage II/III esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (E/GEJ) cancer involves neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT), resection, and immunotherapy. Our trial evaluated the addition of perioperative avelumab to standard treatments.

Methods

Patients with resectable E/GEJ cancers received avelumab with nCRT and adjuvant avelumab after resection. Primary endpoints for phase I and II portions were safety and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, respectively. Secondary endpoints included recurrence‐free survival (RFS), surgical complication prevalence, and R0 resection rate.

Results

Twenty‐two patients enrolled in the study. Median follow‐up during data cutoff was 23.9 months. There were no dose‐limiting toxicities during the run‐in phase. Nineteen patients (86.4%) underwent resection with R0 resection rate of 78.9% and with pCR rate of 26%. Most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAE) were cytopenias from chemoradiation. Aside from one grade ≥ 3 avelumab‐related hypersensitivity, no grade ≥ 3 avelumab TRAEs were seen. Median RFS was not reached, and 1‐year RFS and overall survival were 71% and 81%, respectively. The study was terminated before full planned accrual due to standard practice change based on the CheckMate 577 trial.

Conclusions

The addition of perioperative avelumab to nCRT was tolerable and demonstrated promising outcomes.
Prolonged grief symptoms and lingering attachment predict approach behavior toward the deceased
Authors: Eisma Maarten C. , de Lang Thomas A. , Christodoulou Katerina , Schmitt Lara O. , Boelen Paul A. , de Jong Peter J.
Published: January 2025

Following the death of a loved one, both approach behaviors related to the deceased (i.e., engagement with feelings, memories, and/or reminders of the deceased) and the avoidance of reminders of the death are theorized to precipitate severe and persistent grief reactions, termed prolonged grief. The “approach‐avoidance processing hypothesis” holds that these behavioral tendencies occur simultaneously in prolonged grief disorder (PGD). We tested this hypothesis using a novel free‐viewing attention task. Bereaved adults (N = 72, 81.9% female) completed a survey assessing prolonged grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and lingering attachment and a free‐viewing task assessing voluntary attention toward pictures of the deceased and combinations of the deceased with loss‐related words (i.e., loss‐reality reminders). A main finding was that participants with higher prolonged grief symptom levels, ρ(70) = .32, p = .006, and more lingering attachment, ρ(70) = .26, p = .030, showed stronger attentional focus toward pictures of the deceased. No significant association emerged between either prolonged grief symptom levels or lingering attachment and attention toward loss‐reality reminders. The findings suggest that higher prolonged grief symptom levels may be characterized by persisting approach tendencies toward the deceased. Countering excessive proximity‐seeking to the deceased in therapy could be beneficial for bereaved adults who show severe and persistent grief reactions.
Sarcopenia and cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen
Published: January 2025

Sarcopenia is defined as a muscle‐wasting syndrome that occurs with accelerated aging, while cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome associated with conditions such as cancer and immunodeficiency disorders, which cannot be fully addressed through conventional nutritional supplementation. Sarcopenia can be considered a component of cachexia, with the bidirectional interplay between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle potentially serving as a molecular mechanism for both conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms differ. Recognizing the interplay and distinctions between these disorders is essential for advancing both basic and translational research in this area, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and ultimately achieving effective therapeutic solutions for affected patients. This review discusses the muscle microenvironment's changes contributing to these conditions, recent therapeutic approaches like lifestyle modifications, small molecules, and nutritional interventions, and emerging strategies such as gene editing, stem cell therapy, and gut microbiome modulation. We also address the challenges and opportunities of multimodal interventions, aiming to provide insights into the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and cachexia, ultimately aiding in innovative strategy development and improved treatments.
Altered zygotic gene expression caused by sperm with Tdrd6 variants disrupts early embryonic development
Authors: Hu Zhijie , Zhang Yuqi , Cai Renfei , Chen Qiuju , Guo Haiyan , Li Danjun , Lin Weidong , He Hongxi , Wu Haibo , Liu Yali , Li Bin , Xi Qianwen , Gao Hongyuan , Zhang Jian , Lyu Qifeng , Kuang Yanping , Lu Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

The precise mechanisms behind early embryonic arrest due to sperm‐related factors and the most effective strategies are not yet fully understood. Here, we present two cases of male infertility linked to novel TDRD6 variants, associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and early embryonic arrest. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutic approaches, Tdrd6 knock‐in and knock‐out mice were generated. The Tdrd6 variant male mice demonstrated OAT and embryonic arrest, mirroring the clinical observations of our patients. Sperm from both affected individuals and mice exhibited aberrant localization of phospholipase C zeta and oocyte activation deficiency (OAD). The application of artificial oocyte activation (AOA) effectively overcame the infertility caused by the variants, facilitating successful pregnancies and live births in both human and mice. Additionally, our research revealed that OAD influences the expression of multitude of genes at the 2‐pronuclear (2PN) stage, with the Mos gene playing a pivotal role in early embryonic arrest. The injection of Mos mRNA can mitigate this arrest. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that sperm‐related OAD affects gene expression at the 2PN stage and elucidate how AOA overcomes male factor‐derived embryonic arrest, enabling successful pregnancies and live births.
Loading of CAR‐T cells with magnetic nanoparticles for controlled targeting suppresses inflammatory cytokine release and switches tumor cell death mechanism
Authors: Pfister Felix , Carnell Lucas R. , Löffler Lisa , Boosz Philipp , Schaft Niels , Dörrie Jan , Stein René , Lenz Malte , Spiecker Erdmann , Huber Christian M. , Haddadin Sami , Berking Carola , Alexiou Christoph , Janko Christina
Published: January 2025

Therapies against hematological malignancies using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)‐T cells have shown great potential; however, therapeutic success in solid tumors has been constrained due to limited tumor trafficking and infiltration, as well as the scarcity of cancer‐specific solid tumor antigens. Therefore, the enrichment of tumor‐antigen specific CAR‐T cells in the desired region is critical for improving therapy efficacy and reducing systemic on‐target/off‐tumor side effects. Here, we functionalized human CAR‐T cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), making them magnetically controllable for site‐directed targeting. SPION‐loaded CAR‐T cells maintained their specific cytolytic capacity against melanoma cells expressing the CAR‐specific antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4). Importantly, SPIONs suppressed cytokine release in the loaded CAR‐T cells, shifting the cell death phenotype in the tumor cells from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Furthermore, SPION‐loaded CAR‐T cells could be enriched in a dynamic flow model through an external magnetic field and be detected in MRI. These results demonstrate that lytic cytotoxicity is retained after SPION‐functionalization and provides a basis for future site‐specific immunotherapies against solid tumors with reduced systemic adverse side effects.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Potential Biomarker for the Severity of Motor Symptoms and Prognosis in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Jo Sungyang , Oh Ji‐Hye , Lee Eun‐Jae , Choi Moongwan , Lee Jihyun , Lee Sangjin , Kim Tae Won , Sung Chang Ohk , Chung Sun Ju
Published: January 2025

Background

Mitochondrial function influences Parkinson's disease (PD) through the accumulation of pathogenic alpha‐synuclein, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation. The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA‐CN), representing the number of mitochondrial DNA copies within a cell, serves as an easily assessable proxy for mitochondrial function.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of mtDNA‐CN in PD.

Methods

We assessed mtDNA‐CN in blood samples using whole genome sequencing from 405 patients with PD and 200 healthy controls (HC). We examined the relationship between mtDNA‐CN levels and motor symptom severity in PD, as well as their association with dementia development in patients with early‐PD (within 3 years of diagnosis).

Results

mtDNA‐CN levels were significantly lower in patients with PD compared with HC (P = 1.1 × 10−5). A negative correlation was discovered between mtDNA‐CN level and motor severity in PD (correlation coefficient = −0.20; P = 0.008). Among 210 patients with early‐PD, Cox regression analysis demonstrated an association between lower mtDNA‐CN levels and a higher risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.20–0.86, P = 0.02), even after adjusting for age and blood cell count (HR = 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.92, P = 0.03). However, mtDNA‐CN levels did not significantly correlate with motor progression in PD.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that blood mtDNA‐CN may function as a diagnostic biomarker for PD and a prognostic marker for dementia in patients with PD. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of high‐performance wood based composites using microwave‐assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment, polymeric resin/silica impregnation and densification
Authors: Abouzeid Ragab , Alqrinawi Hussein , Shayan Mohammad , Koo Meen Sung , Lin Hai , Wu Qinglin
Published: January 2025

High‐performance wood‐based composites were developed through combined microwave energy‐deep eutectic solvent (MWE‐DES) pretreatment, resin/silica impregnation, and high‐temperature densification to improve their mechanical, structural, and dimensional stability properties for advanced structural uses. Microscopic imaging, chemical composition, stability, and mechanical properties with basswood samples provided a comparative analysis of the test materials. The results show that the MWE‐DES treated basswood had a highly porous network structure with partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The bending strength of modified basswood was enhanced from 60.9 MPa of raw basswood to 83.2, 87.4, 99.9, and 105.8 MPa after treatment durations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min., respectively. Furthermore, impregnating the delignified basswood with resin or silica significantly enhanced its bending strength, achieving 246 and 198 MPa, respectively. The high mechanical strength of treated wood composites is due to the combined effect of enhanced cell‐wall fibril bonding at the micro/nanoscale, strengthening with cured resin, and/or SiOSi bonding between wood fibrils and silica. Additionally, thermal stability, dimensional stability, and termite resistance of the treated wood composites were also improved. The recoverability of lignin, hemicellulose, and used DES were demonstrated.

Highlights

Microwave energy and deep eutectic solvent treatment partially delignified wood.

Removing lignin and hemicellulose led to a highly porous wood cell wall structure.

Resin/silica impregnation and densification modified macro/micro wood structures.

Enhanced wood fibril‐fibril and fibril‐resin or silica bonding improved wood strength.

Lignin, hemicellulose, and DES were recovered, promoting sustainability.