bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amid Germania’s Holidays
Authors: Therezo Rodrigo ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Heidegger begins his first lecture course on Hölderlin in a curious manner. Lest we think Hölderlin was a “pacifist,” Heidegger cites two letters and a poem meant to prove that Hölderlin was ready to “throw the pen under the table” and “deny the Muses love” for the sake of the “beautiful sacrifice” of battle, should duty call. This quickly complicates, as Heidegger argues, the then common view of Hölderlin’s poetry as “unheroic” and advocating the “defenselessness” (Wehrlosigkeit) of Germania, particularly in the last verses of the eponymously titled poem: “Amid your holidays / Germania, where you are priestess /and defenselessly (wehrlos) proffer all round counsel / to kings and peoples.” Perhaps unsurprisingly, Heidegger bookends the lecture course with another reference to the word “defenselessly,” insisting that it does not denote “the laying down of weapons, weakness, or the avoidance of struggle.” In this paper, I attempt to draw connections between Heidegger’s militaristic readings of “Germania” and a provocative verse from the untitled poem “As when on a holiday…” that evokes “the clang of weapons” as nature is awakened from her deep sleep. I shall be relating Heidegger’s reading of this verse to a sinister “equivocality” so brilliantly diagnosed by Jacques Derrida in “Geschlecht IV.” In the wake of Derrida’s provocative suggestion that Heidegger’s treatment of polemos can offer Hitler “the worthiest and the most thinking justification” for ontic warmongering, I look at how Heidegger’s militaristic readings of Hölderlin only deepen the equivocality of polemos, and this in spite of Heidegger’s efforts to dissipate any ambiguity between Kampf as he thought it and the Kampf of the author of Mein Kampf.
Slender Self-Knowledge
Authors: Urban David V. ,   Marquette University Press
Published: July 2021

This essay argues that King Lear’s tragedy is largely brought about by Lear’s lack of self-knowledge, a character defect that long precedes the foolish decisions he makes in King Lear’s opening scene and which precipitates his own death and the deaths of those he loves. Lear’s lack of self-knowledge encourages Shakespeare’s audience to have sympathy for Goneril and Regan and to recognize that Lear’s beautiful progress of redemption is mitigated by his failure to ever recognize his longstanding wrongdoing against his elder daughters. By contrast, in Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet’s humble choice to learn and be humbled by Darcy’s letter empowers Elizabeth to achieve self-knowledge at a youthful age even as it brings happiness and numerous redemptive benefits to herself and to those whom she loves.
From the history of primary education in Mušutište and Sredač parish from its founding until 1912
Authors: Simić Mirjana
Published: July 2021

In the period from the end of the 18th century to 1912, being the last period of Turkish rule, the education system was built and completed more slowly than before, and it only partially belonged to the education system of the Ottoman Empire. Schools did not belong to the same school system because Turkish, Serbian and other schools coexisted at the time in Kosovo. Considering a wider and more general picture of the development of literacy in Kosovo and Metohija, it can be concluded that education had its ups and downs, changing periodically depending on social and political conditioning. The development of education in Musutiste and Sredska took place without continuity and under numerous difficulties. Regardless of this history and the combination of different circumstances, which slowed down its development in certain periods, it is justifiable to talk about the achievements of primary education in these parts. First, success is first and foremost reflected in creating the educational needs of children and their families and creating the necessary conditions to meet growing needs in a timely manner. Significant success is reflected in the readiness to allocate material resources for education and literacy. After the opening of the first secular school, the enrichment of the traditional and Orthodox value system in these parts follows. The school system in Mušutište and Sredskadepicts the chronology of events in the development of the school's function as an educational institution. Many events and happenings from the history of these schools will remain unknown, but at least, a part of the actions and memories will be torn from oblivion and further systematized into one whole. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to give guidance to future generations encouraging them to deal with the topic more thoroughly, so that one day these villages would serve as an example to other rural schools and urge them to start writing and publishing the history of their schools. Only then will all the values of the stay and survival of Serbs in Mušutište and Sredska be confirmed. The subject discussed in the paper is more important for the spiritual existence of the Serbian people, because it characterizes a continuous struggle for national, economic and cultural identity of the Serbs, the scuffle for national and individual survival, and every detail embodies a valuable effort to persevere in the harsh and despotic conditions of Turkish rule.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Endoscopic Management of Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Authors: Oh Chi Hyuk , Lee Jun Kyu , Song Tae Jun , Park Jin-Seok , Lee Jae Min , Son Jun Hyuk , Jang Dong Kee , Choi Miyoung , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Lee In Seok , Lee Soo Teik , Choi Ho Soon , Kim Ho Gak , Chun Hoon Jai , Park Chan Guk , Cho Joo Young
Published: July 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided intervention has gradually become a standard treatment for peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). However, it is difficult to popularize the procedure in Korea because of restrictions on insurance claims regarding the use of endoscopic accessories, as well as the lack of standardized Korean clinical practice guidelines. The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) appointed a Task Force to develope medical guidelines by referring to the manual for clinical practice guidelines development prepared by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. Previous studies on PFCs were searched, and certain studies were selected with the help of experts. Then, a set of key questions was selected, and treatment guidelines were systematically reviewed. Answers to these questions and recommendations were selected via peer review. This guideline discusses endoscopic management of PFCs and makes recommendations on Indications for the procedure, pre-procedural preparations, optimal approach for drainage, procedural considerations (e.g., types of stent, advantages and disadvantages of plastic and metal stents, and accessories), adverse events of endoscopic intervention, and procedural quality issues. This guideline was reviewed by external experts and suggests best practices recommended based on the evidence available at the time of preparation. This will be revised as necessary to address advances and changes in technology and evidence obtained in clinical practice and future studies.
Techno-Environmental Features of Baby Neo-Panamax Container Ships
Authors: Shi W. , Huang W. , Tang-Jensen P. , Baker C. , Michel R. K.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes design considerations for more eco-friendly container ships with a particular emphasis on low fuel consumption, environmental friendliness and operational efficiencies. A parametric study has been carried out on the optimum dimensions for the baby neo-panamax container ships of 4,000 to 6,000 TEU, comparing their efficiencies against existing panamax designs and identifying preferred configurations for various capacities. To quantify the efficiencies of the designs from technical, operational and economic considerations, multi-faceted design criteria were established. A matrix of baby neo-panamax designs was evaluated to determine the preferred sizes and arrangements. The study tackles operational economics with a detailed evaluation of ‘required freight rate’ for each design. The findings of this study confirm the techno-environmental benefits that can be derived from the baby neo-panamax container ships.
Composite rigging for large sailing superyachts
Authors: Claughton Andrew R. , McLellan Ewan , Bunyan Humphrey
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the development of composite rigging systems for large sailing superyachts. The mechanical properties of available rigging materials are described, along with the design and manufacturing techniques employed in the series production of PBO rigging elements. The development of a type approval procedure by Germanischer Lloyd in cooperation with Future Fibres is described, and finally the benefits to the owner and crew of using composite rigging two case studies are explored.
Suction, Seiche and Wash Effects of Passing Ships in Ports
Authors: Pinkster J. A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper a method to compute the effects of a passing vessel on vessels moored in a port is presented. The method accounts for the generation and reflection of long waves due to the interaction of the primary flow about large, slow passing vessel with the variable geometry of the port. For small, fast vessels, wake wash propagation and effects on moored vessels are accounted for.
Safe Return to Port – Challenges Ahead for Passenger Ship Design
Authors: Vogler U. , Ullrich A. , Povel D. , Horstmann P. , Moody M.
Published: July 2021

The new SOLAS regulations II-1/8-1, II-2/21 and II-2/22 on safe return to port are introduced; it is demonstrated how the regulations will influence the design of future passenger ships. The requirements on safe areas and on propulsion system layout are discussed with the aid of examples. A software tool supporting the safe return to port assessment is proposed. The tool will assess the degraded performance of essential systems for all relevant casualty cases.
Operator Guidance Based on Assessing the Wind-Heel Angle Relationship of Traditionally-Rigged Sailing Vessels
Authors: Johnson Bruce , Miles Jan C. , Lasher William , Womack John
Published: July 2021

This paper reports on a series of projects funded by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) T&R Steering Committee. Analysis of underway data recorded on the Pride of Baltimore II in conjunction with CFD modeling has shown promising results on achieving useful wind-heel stability guidance. The resulting volumes of data were then entered into spreadsheets to develop the vessel’s wind-heel stability characteristics. The current method of analysis involves the concept of Significant Heel Angle Analysis, i.e. the average of the highest one third of the heel angles obtained by sorting the data records by decreasing heel angle. This concept appears to be independent of whether or not a mast motion correction is applied to the wind anemometer data. Significant heel analysis also avoids the skew in the averages caused by small heel angle analysis. Most important, these characteristics can then be conveyed to the master in simple color coded charts.
Survey of Emission Control Systems
Authors: Evans-Beauchamp Lincoln T. , Dickenson Thomas E.
Published: July 2021

Due to growing recognition of the harmful effects of combustion exhaust by-products, marine emissions control regulations have been tightening worldwide. Stakeholders are searching for answers. A survey of emission control systems is presented, evaluating each option with regards to efficacy, operating limitations, acquisition cost, lifecycle cost, and system effects. A new technology known as the Advanced Catalytic Converter, which offers improved emissions reduction performance and the benefit of increasing diesel plant fuel efficiency, is presented.
Reduction of Wave Resistance of Displacement Vessels by Waterline Parabolization
Authors: Çalisal S. M. , Danisman D. B. , Gören Ö. , Gould K. , Maurice P. , Klaptocz V.
Published: July 2021

Waterline parabolization is a method to reduce the wave resistance of a displacement type hull with a parallel mid-body by adding amidships bulbs to the hull. Tow tank tests of the optimized bulbs at ITU confirmed that significant reductions in total resistance were obtained.

This paper describes the use of a nonlinear optimization technique developed at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and tank testing at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) to find the optimum shape and location of midship bulbs as well as midship bulbs and a bow bulb together. Tow-tank tests at UBC and ITU have shown that mid-ship bulbs can provide significant reductions in total resistance. The study validated the use of the technique both constraining the displacement and when only constraining the draft (retrofit). The optimization algorithm considers only wave resistance which is calculated with a Dawson's method type program; TRAWSON.

In this study a RO/RO ferry hull is used as the baseline hull form. The tank tests revealed that the bulb location and geometry identified as the optimum, at Froude number Fn = 0.33, by the optimization program achieved a reduction in total resistance of 15 percent at constant displacement and retrofit applications.
Performing Detailed Design Reviews of a U.S. Navy Surface Combatant within an Integrated Data Environment
Authors: Grogan G. R. , Borthen J. L.
Published: July 2021

Between November 2006 and March 2009, the U.S. Navy’s first ZUMWALT class Guided Missile Destroyer, DDG 1000, underwent Detailed Design. According to a Government Accountability Office shipbuilding study in 2005, late changes to a ship’s design is recognized as the primary factor contributing to increasing ship construction costs. Therefore a strict Detailed Design review process was implemented for DDG 1000 that included improved Computer Aided Design tools and more efficient communication methods than previous ship Detailed Design efforts. The actual benefit of the design reviews of the ZUMWALT Class will not truly be known until after the Lead Ship has been commissioned, however, the design reviews, along with the unprecedented involvement by stakeholders via an Integrated Data Environment, have already proved to be an effective means for reducing the probability that setbacks will be encountered at the waterfront.
Two Approaches to Scheduling Outfitting Processes in Shipbuilding
Authors: Wei Y. , Nienhuis U. , Moredo E.
Published: July 2021

In shipbuilding, outfitting is the process of installing non-structural components, like equipment, pipes, cables, ducts, etc., which can run through several structural compartments. Pre-outfitting is defined as outfitting activities that take place before hull erection, thus during panel, section and block assembly. The outfitting process is characterized by interferences between yard and many subcontractors, disturbances by unexpected delays, and technological constraints concerning the installation of main propulsion machinery. Scheduling of this process is therefore quite complex and a difficult topic to research. According to extensive literature study, there have been some relevant paper published more than twenty years ago[1],[2],[3],although since then the topic has not received much attention..

Traditionally, the initial outfitting process planning is generated largely manually by experts with the help of computer software, like Microsoft Project and Primavera. These tools allow some limited plan checking and evaluation. As soon as special simulation tools, for example based on eM-Plant or, Arena, are fully developed, plans can be tested, analyzed and optimized in a more accurate way. Even though the digitalization of downstream work is being developed, the initial plan depends greatly on experts. They have to be trained and then gain their expertise from practice. It generally takes over five years for someone to acquire sufficient expertise in a particular area[4]. Furthermore, the knowledge the experts gained by their years of experience may be lost, due to retirement and personnel quitting the company. Hence, it is indispensable to make such tacit knowledge explicit through models. It means that in order to optimize the facilities, maximize the production efficiency and minimize the building time, it is necessary to develop a system to automatically generate plans for outfitting processes, which can also support the simulation models afterwards for verification purposes.

The research discussed in this paper looks into the possibilities to automatically generate an outfitting sequence and planning, based on two approaches. The first approach is an analytical approach, where the focus lies on the most convenient installation sequence on a system or compartment level. This sequence considers all relations between activities within one system and with activities of other systems, and relations within one compartment and its adjacent compartments. Then a mathematical approach is discussed. Physical constraints between the pipes, ducts, cable trays, etc. are introduced and represented. A model is made to generate an installation sequence of these components in one compartment.
Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares de três espécies perenes de um Sistema Agroflorestal em Manaus (AM)
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Henrique , Moreira Francisco Wesen , Pereira Iokanam Sales , Nina Nailson Celso da Silva , Oliveira Luiz Antonio de
Published: July 2021

Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) são seres simbiontes de solo que exercem um papel significativo na funcionalidade e manutenção dos ecossistemas naturais manejados e principalmente degradados. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de FMAs na rizosfera de Andirobeira, Sapoteira do Solimões e Cupuaçuzeiro presentes em um Sistema Agroflorestal, sendo avaliados em quatro meses (março, junho, setembro e dezembro) de 2018. O esquema fatorial 3x4 foi usado e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. A ANOVA de medidas repetitivas demonstrou que há efeito do tempo (F (3,12) =3.776; p- valor= 0.019) e da interação entre tempo e espécie (F(6,36) =3.918; p-valor= 0.004) na densidade de esporos. Verificou-se que as rizosferas da Sapoteira do Solimões e da Andirobeira apresentaram as maiores médias de densidade de esporos (76,2 e 70,4 esporos.50 g de solo-1), no mês de março encontrou-se uma amostra com 97 esporos.50 g de solo-1, sendo a maior encontrada. As maiores taxas de colonização micorrízica (%) foram observadas nas rizosferas da Sapoteira do Solimões e da Andirobeira, as quais diferiram estatisticamente do Cupuaçuzeiro, não havendo diferença estatística entre os meses de coleta. O gênero Glomus spp. foi dominante nas rizosferas das plantas (43,1 %), sendo o menos abundante o Gigaspora spp. (10,04 %).
Fauna parasitária de Leporinus friderici (characidae) oriundo do Rio Mazagão, Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Carvalho Abthyllane Amaral de , Carvalho Júnior Raul , Ferreira Roger Leomar da Silva , Araújo Priscila Gomes de , Matos Edilson Rodrigues , Videira Marcela Nunes
Published: July 2021

Nas regiões neotropicais, há estimativa de 9.100 espécies de peixes, e centenas de espécies novas são descritas anualmente, o qual a bacia amazônica abriga cerca de 2200 espécies de peixes corresponde a essa estimativa. Leporinus friderici é um peixe da ordem Characiformes conhecido popularmente como 'piau três pintas' ou 'aracú', trata-se de uma espécie abundante nas regiões neotropicais, que possui hábitos alimentares onívoros, se alimentando de material vegetal, detritos, frutos, sementes, camarão e pequenos peixes. É um peixe muito utilizado na alimentação pela qualidade de sua carne e é facilmente encontrado na região do Rio Matapí-AP. Foram realizadas coletas trimestrais durante setembro de 2015 a maio de 2016 e de agosto de 2017 a outubro de 2018, onde foram capturados 49 espécimes de L. friderici. A fauna de L. friderici foi bastante diversificada, sendo composta por macro e microparasitos, infectando brânquias, intestino, fígado, vesícula biliar, coração, nadadeira e baço do hospedeiro. Durante as análises foram encontrados quatro taxa, sendo eles: Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria (Myxozoa) e Ciliophora, e nove grupos de parasitos, Anisakidae gen. sp., Contracaecum sp., Dactylogyridae gen. sp., larvas de digenea (metacercária), Henneguya sp., Myxobolus sp., Ceratomyxa sp., Piscinoodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp. e Chilodonella sp.. A ocorrência de micropasitos eucariotos foi a primeira registrada para L. friderici do estado do Amapá.
Etnoconhecimento e ofidismo na comunidade Rolim de Moura do Guaporé, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Sacoman Katiele de Jesus , Goebel Larissa Gabriela Araujo , Fermiano Eder Correa , Schiavi Mariza de Lima , Henrique Victor Hugo de Oliveira , Silva Rodrigo Lemes da
Published: July 2021

A relação entre sociedade e natureza e todos os componentes nela existentes é primitiva, assim como a utilização que o mesmo faz dos recursos naturais disponíveis. Nesse contexto, é importante conhecer a cultura dos povos sobre os grupos animais, para o auxiliar em medidas de educação ambiental e conservação das espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em verificar o conhecimento empírico e os casos de ofidismo ocorrentes no distrito de Rolim de Moura do Guaporé, município de Alta Floresta do Oeste, RO, bem como analisar a relação desta comunidade para com as serpentes. Foram aplicados 29 questionários em pessoas moradoras do distrito, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos e que permitiram a aplicação da pesquisa. A taxa dos encontros dos moradores com serpentes foi considerada “muito frequente”, com cerca de 96% das pessoas afirmando avistar estes animais pelo menos uma vez na semana. Além disso, citam Bothrops atrox e Boa constrictor como as serpentes mais frequentes no entorno da comunidade. Em caso de encontro com serpentes, 72% dos entrevistados disseram não matar o animal caso este não seja potencialmente peçonhento. No entanto, os modos de identificação usados pela população são bastante limitados e baseados em aspectos morfológicos que não são válidos, como formato da cabeça e da cauda. Os resultados demonstraram que os moradores mantêm uma relação de respeito com as serpentes, entendendo que apesar dos desafios dessa convivência, elas apresentam um importante papel chave no equilíbrio ecológico e que sua preservação beneficia toda a comunidade.
Monitoramento de seca meteorológica com dados TRMM para uma região produtora de grãos do Brasil
Authors: Sousa Junior Marionei Fomaca de , Uliana Eduardo Morgan , Carvalho Mairon Anderson Cordeiro Correa de , Mendes Múcio André dos Santos Alves , Lisboa Luana
Published: July 2021

Dentre todos os desastres naturais, a seca caracteriza-se como um dos mais complexo e pouco entendido. Seus efeitos impactam várias áreas da sociedade, como agropecuária, indústria, saúde, distribuição de água e geração de energia. Os índices de seca utilizados para monitorar, identificar e quantificar a anomalia de precipitação tem como principal limitação a falta de dados representativos da área de ocorrência. As medições de variáveis hidro meteorológicas por satélites oferecem uma boa alternativa na falta de dados de superfície. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar se o uso do produto 3B43 V7 da missão Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) é eficaz na geração da precipitação mensal e de mapas de seca a partir do Índice de Precipitação Padronizado mensal na região médio norte de Mato Grosso. Os dados foram comparados a uma base dados de superfície no período de 1998 a 2017. A validação dos mapas de seca foi feita com base na seca que ocorreu durante a safra de 2015/16. Os resultados indicaram que o produto 3B43 V7superestima a precipitação, mas pode ser utilizado na ausência de dados de superfície, uma vez que o valor do coeficiente Nash-Sutcliffe (ENS) foi de 0,75 e do índice de concordância de Willmott (d) foi 0,93. O SPI estimado correspondeu ao observado, apresentando ENS e índice d iguais a 0,63 e 0,92, respectivamente. Os mapas de seca confirmaram a situação relatada nos boletins do Instituto Mato-grossense de Economia Agropecuária que indicaram diminuição da produtividade em decorrência da falta de chuva nos períodos críticos das culturas da soja e do milho.
Influência da saturação pós-compactação no comportamento resiliente de um solo laterítico empregado em subleito rodoviário
Authors: Custódio Diego Agnelo da Silva , Pascoal Paula Taiane , Baroni Magnos , Pereira Deividi da Silva , Specht Luciano Pivoto
Published: July 2021

Almejando a melhoria do desempenho dos pavimentos brasileiros frente aos defeitos de fissuração por fadiga e deformação permanente, está sendo proposta uma nova metodologia de dimensionamento, batizada de Método de Dimensionamento Nacional (MeDiNa), que visa substituir a abordagem empírica aplicada às rodovias pelo método do DNER. O MeDiNa promove uma análise mecanicista e requer informações precisas das propriedades de cada um dos materiais constituintes das camadas do pavimento, dentre elas, o módulo de resiliência (MR) do subleito, propriedade influente na deformabilidade e na vida de fadiga da estrutura, cujo estudo é fundamental para o sucesso dos projetos rodoviários. A fim de agregar conhecimento referente ao MR de solos, a presente pesquisa busca avaliar a influência da saturação pós-compactação no comportamento resiliente de um solo empregado em subleito rodoviário do Rio Grande do Sul. Para este fim, selecionou-se um solo argiloso com comportamento laterítico para ser o objeto deste estudo. Após compactação nas condições ótimas, foram realizados ensaios triaxiais de cargas repetidas para determinação do MR em amostras com a umidade ótima de compactação e amostras inundadas, que foram imersas em água por um período de quatro dias. A pesquisa constatou drástica diminuição nas capacidades resilientes desse material, chegando a uma redução de até 80,5% provocada pelo período de imersão em água. As simulações com o software MeDiNa, em estrutura de um pavimento típico, comparando a vida útil de fadiga, com MR de subleito na umidade ótima e inundado mostrou que tal decréscimo no MR do subleito, pela falta ou ineficiência de drenagem, conduz à fissuração precoce do pavimento, com redução estimada de 20% na vida útil de fadiga frente às condições simuladas. Relacionando essa diminuição no desempenho a parâmetros monetários, a incapacidade de suportar as solicitações de projeto e redução da durabilidade resultaram em aumento de custo de 29%, em termos de preço/km.Neq.
Qualidade da água consumida por uma comunidade rural na região do Sertão Central, Ceará
Authors: Maciel Jéssica Bezerra , Costa Hudson Pimentel , Costa Danielle Rabelo , Mattos Sérgio Horta , Ferreira Francisco Glauber Peixoto , Pinto Olienaide Ribeiro de Oliveira , Ribeiro Lívia Paulia Dias , Alcócer Juan Carlos Alvarado
Published: July 2021

A água é essencial para os seres humanos, no entanto, a sua disponibilidade vem se tornado cada vez mais difícil pelo o comprometimento da qualidade para fins de consumo devido à poluição causada por diferentes fontes, tais como: efluentes domésticos, efluentes industriais e deflúvio superficial urbano e agrícola. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os padrões de qualidade da água para consumo de fontes subterrâneas e superficiais no Distrito de Custódio no Município de Quixadá, Ceará. A pesquisa foi caracterizada como do tipo observacional, sendo também transversal e qualitativo-quantitativa, onde foram analisadas cinco fontes alternativas de abastecimento, sendo quatro poços e um açude. Os resultados foram comparados à portaria de consolidação virgente de nº5 de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde. Como resposta, verificaram que houve alterações físico-químicas para cor (20%), turbidez (20%), dureza total (20%), cloretos (60%) e amônia (80%), como também 100% de contaminação microbiológica nas amostras coletadas, estando fora dos valores máximos permitidos pela portaria vigente, monstrando que as fontes de água estão inadequadas para consumo humano. Desse modo, as implementações de medidas urgentes necessitam serem efetivadas, além de melhorias no saneamento básico da região, a fim de reduzir ou eliminar contaminantes que possam estar presentes nas fontes.
Avaliação da qualidade hídrica de poços de abastecimento do município de Juína, MT-Brasil
Authors: Manochio Vanessa Caroline , Silva Alan Cândido da , Gomes Josiane de Brito
Published: July 2021

A água é um elemento fundamental para todos os seres vivos, atuando diretamente na manutenção dos ecossistemas e ao equilíbrio ambiental e ecológico. Em Juína, é comumente utilizada água provenientes de poços, porém, estes são frequentemente construídos sem critérios técnicos adequados, tornando esta água mais susceptível à contaminação. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar a qualidade da água de poços de abastecimento do bairro Módulo VI, confrontando os resultados com os padrões de potabilidades estabelecidos pela Portaria no 05/2017 do Ministério da Saúde. Para a coleta das amostras foi utilizada a metodologia proposta no Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and em duas campanhas. A primeira campanha foi realizada no mês de março de 2019, período de elevado índice pluviométrico, e a segunda campanha foi realizada no mês de julho de 2019, mês este de escassez hídrica do município. Foram analisadas amostras de água de dez poços de abastecimento, distribuídos de forma aleatória no bairro. Os parâmetros analisados foram alcalinidade, cloretos, dureza, cálcio, pH, condutividade elétrica, ferro, coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se de medidores digitais e titulometria, respectivamente, e para as análises microbiológicas avaliou-se o desenvolvimento de colônias de bactérias em cartelas de substrato cromogênico (Colipaper). Com o intuito de verificar os efeitos da sazonalidade sobre os elementos analisados, adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (seco e chuvoso) e os dados dos parâmetros físico-químicos foram comparados por meio de análise de variância, em nível de 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Fischer (Teste F). As diferenças encontradas foram comparadas por meio do teste de Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade e submetidos ao teste de correlação de Pearson também em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Deste modo, conclui-se que a população do bairro Módulo VI, está consumindo água fora dos padrões de potabilidade estabelecido pela legislação brasileira, podendo refletir diretamente na saúde da população consumidora. Os resultados expostos nesse trabalho evidenciam a necessidade da implantação de medidas mitigadoras de forma efetiva bem como, a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo da qualidade da água do bairro Módulo VI.
Greve dos caminhoneiros e concentração de poluentes na Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Charles-Pierre Maxime , Silva Cleyton Martins da , Pereira Wagner de Souza , Namen Anderson Amendoeira
Published: July 2021

O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as concentrações de poluentes em duas estações de monitoramento contínuo de poluentes localizadas na Baixada Fluminense, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, durante o período de greve dos caminhoneiros, entre os dias 21 e 30 de maio de 2018. As duas estações - Jardim Primavera e Jardim Guandu - podem ser consideradas rotas de entrada/saída do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas as concentrações dos seguintes poluentes: dióxido de enxofre, monóxido de carbono, ozônio, material particulado (PM10) e dióxido de nitrogênio. Os dados abrangeram o período de 7 de maio a 13 de junho de 2018, sendo divididos em dois diferentes grupos: período de greve e período fora da greve. Uma das ferramentas utilizadas para análise foi o diagrama de caixa, apresentando, para o período analisado, a concentração diária de cada poluente e seu respectivo comportamento. Para comparar o comportamento dos poluentes durante a greve dos caminhoneiros e suas proximidades, efetuou-se um teste de homogeneidade entre os dois grupos, sendo aplicado o teste de variâncias iguais. Para as situações que indicaram a hipótese de não homogeneidade entre os dois grupos foi acrescentado o teste t student, visando avaliar se havia diferença significativa entre as médias dos diferentes períodos. Comparando-se o período de greve e o período não greve, o dióxido de enxofre foi o único poluente que não apresentou diferença de comportamento em ambas as estações. O monóxido de carbono apresentou diminuição de concentração média nas duas estações durante o período da greve, o que pode ser resultado do efeito da paralisação dos veículos automotores nesse período. O dióxido de nitrogênio também apresentou menor concentração durante o período de greve em ambas as estações, tendo o ozônio apresentado comportamento inverso, efeito da relação entre os Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis e os Óxidos de Nitrogênio. O material particulado apresentou redução das concentrações em Jardim Primavera durante a greve, mas com elevação em Jardim Guandu no mesmo período. Hipótese para essa elevação seria o uso das vias próximas a Jardim Guandu como alternativa de rota de fuga dos caminhoneiros. Acredita-se que o presente trabalho possa contribuir para a identificação dos impactos, em termos de poluição atmosférica, causados pela opção preferencial dada aos caminhões para o transporte das cargas no Brasil.
Custos econômicos da diminuição dos serviços ecossistêmicos nas unidades de conservação da Amazônia
Authors: Félix Augusto César Trigueiro , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: July 2021

A valoração econômica de bens e serviços ambientais é fruto de um entendimento integrado em que se apresenta em uma interface que envolve o sistema natural e o econômico e com isso sua utilização tem se ampliado em todo o mundo. A percepção de que o ecossistema equilibrado fornece benefícios para a sociedade é um pressuposto básico desta atividade. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo em questão se propõe a apreender os custos econômicos provenientes da diminuição de capacidade da floresta amazônica em oferecer os serviços ecossistêmicos necessários para manutenção da vida no planeta, causadas pelo processo de desflorestamento no ano de 2018. O estudo destes custos é realizado nas unidades de conservação na Amazônia brasileira. Para os procedimentos de valoração de bens e serviços ambientais foi utilizado a metodologia de transferência de benefícios. O resultado encontrado foi de R$ 582.137.181,06. Dentre esta cifra, a maior perda foi nas Reservas Biológicas, refletindo quase 50 % do total. O estudo mostrou a importância da atividade de valoração nos processos que envolvem decisões políticas e econômicas. Pois, poderá promover uma melhor decisão por parte tanto dos gestores públicos, que precisam alocar os recursos públicos para atender o máximo bem-estar para a população, quanto como para os agentes privados.
The Colombian city of Medellín: discussing the impact of social
Authors: Biczyńska Ewelina
Published: July 2021

While the Colombian city of Medellín used to be infamous as the world’s most violent (1991), a more recent image is as the most innovative (2013). The case of Medellín is thus taken to epitomise possibilities for positive change, with the city being looked up to by others. The particular renown here is as one of the cradles of the so-called ‘social urbanism’, an approach to city-making that aims to resolve social issues by means of interventions in urban space, via infrastructure, public places, etc. However, while the successes of this approach have been acknowledged and vaunted internationally, certain less-successful effects have often tended to be silenced. This paper therefore focuses on the more-shadowy side to social urbanism, and on ways of proceeding that remain in place despite the transformations announced. The aim is thus to contribute to a fact-based discussion on the actual effectiveness of social urbanism in addressing social challenges.
Aspecte morfopatologice si strategii de preventie a contracturii capsulare după augmentarea mamara cu implante
Authors: Aladari Nadia , Perțea Mihaela , Tamas Camelia , Dabija Olaru Iulia , Palaghia Madalina , Trofin Ana-Maria , Bejan Valentin , Stamate Teodor
Published: July 2021

Breast augmentation with silicone implants is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons around the world. Capsular contracture is one of the complication in breast augmentation that requires invasive reparation surgery. The inflammatory response to the breast implants appears to be directly associated with capsular contracture. In addition to the type of material (saline vs. silicone) used and it’s texture (smooth vs. textured), a number of factors were detected related to their position and the existence of a history of radiotherapy after cancer treatment for breast cancer. It tries to identify ideal methods to prevent and minimize the risk of developing capsular contracture. Among the methods currently used were described: placement of the implant in the retropectoral plane, dissection of a larger pocket, performing a rigorous hemostasis, use of implants with textured surface, minimizing the exposure time, contact and handling of the implant, irrigation of the pocket with antiseptic solutions (5% betadine) or broad-spectrum antibiotic solution to prevent the infectious process, the use of talc-free gloves, the use of corticosteroids, immuno-modulators and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Cortical excitability signatures for the degree of sleepiness in human
Authors: Chia Chin-Hsuan , Tang Xin-Wei , Cao Yue , Cao Hua-Teng , Zhang Wei , Wu Jun-Fa , Zhu Yu-Lian , Chen Ying , Lin Yi , Wu Yi , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Ti-Fei , Hu Rui-Ping
Published: July 2021

Sleep is essential in maintaining physiological homeostasis in the brain. While the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, a ‘synaptic homeostasis’ theory has been proposed that synapses continue to strengthen during awake and undergo downscaling during sleep. This theory predicts that brain excitability increases with sleepiness. Here, we collected transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements in 38 subjects in a 34 hr program and decoded the relationship between cortical excitability and self-report sleepiness using advanced statistical methods. By utilizing a combination of partial least squares regression and mixed-effect models, we identified a robust pattern of excitability changes, which can quantitatively predict the degree of sleepiness. Moreover, we found that synaptic strengthen occurred in both excitatory and inhibitory connections after sleep deprivation. In sum, our study provides supportive evidence for the synaptic homeostasis theory in human sleep and clarifies the process of synaptic strength modulation during sleepiness.
Perception of microstimulation frequency in human somatosensory cortex
Authors: Hughes Christopher L , Flesher Sharlene N , Weiss Jeffrey M , Boninger Michael , Collinger Jennifer L , Gaunt Robert A
Published: July 2021

Microstimulation in the somatosensory cortex can evoke artificial tactile percepts and can be incorporated into bidirectional brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to restore function after injury or disease. However, little is known about how stimulation parameters themselves affect perception. Here, we stimulated through microelectrode arrays implanted in the somatosensory cortex of two human participants with cervical spinal cord injury and varied the stimulus amplitude, frequency, and train duration. Increasing the amplitude and train duration increased the perceived intensity on all tested electrodes. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the frequency evoked more intense percepts on some electrodes but evoked less-intense percepts on other electrodes. These different frequency–intensity relationships were divided into three groups, which also evoked distinct percept qualities at different stimulus frequencies. Neighboring electrode sites were more likely to belong to the same group. These results support the idea that stimulation frequency directly controls tactile perception and that these different percepts may be related to the organization of somatosensory cortex, which will facilitate principled development of stimulation strategies for bidirectional BCIs.
Mapping brain-behavior space relationships along the psychosis spectrum
Authors: Ji Jie Lisa , Helmer Markus , Fonteneau Clara , Burt Joshua B , Tamayo Zailyn , Demšar Jure , Adkinson Brendan D , Savić Aleksandar , Preller Katrin H , Moujaes Flora , Vollenweider Franz X , Martin William J , Repovš Grega , Cho Youngsun T , Pittenger Christopher , Murray John D , Anticevic Alan
Published: July 2021

Difficulties in advancing effective patient-specific therapies for psychiatric disorders highlight a need to develop a stable neurobiologically grounded mapping between neural and symptom variation. This gap is particularly acute for psychosis-spectrum disorders (PSD). Here, in a sample of 436 PSD patients spanning several diagnoses, we derived and replicated a dimensionality-reduced symptom space across hallmark psychopathology symptoms and cognitive deficits. In turn, these symptom axes mapped onto distinct, reproducible brain maps. Critically, we found that multivariate brain-behavior mapping techniques (e.g. canonical correlation analysis) do not produce stable results with current sample sizes. However, we show that a univariate brain-behavioral space (BBS) can resolve stable individualized prediction. Finally, we show a proof-of-principle framework for relating personalized BBS metrics with molecular targets via serotonin and glutamate receptor manipulations and neural gene expression maps derived from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Collectively, these results highlight a stable and data-driven BBS mapping across PSD, which offers an actionable path that can be iteratively optimized for personalized clinical biomarker endpoints.
Identification of drugs associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 – a case-control study in a large population
Authors: Israel Ariel , Schäffer Alejandro A , Cicurel Assi , Cheng Kuoyuan , Sinha Sanju , Schiff Eyal , Feldhamer Ilan , Tal Ameer , Lavie Gil , Ruppin Eytan
Published: July 2021

Background:

Until coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drugs specifically developed to treat COVID-19 become more widely accessible, it is crucial to identify whether existing medications have a protective effect against severe disease. Toward this objective, we conducted a large population study in Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare provider in Israel, insuring over 4.7 million members.

Methods:

Two case-control matched cohorts were assembled to assess which medications, acquired in the last month, decreased the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Case patients were adults aged 18 to 95 hospitalized for COVID-19. In the first cohort, five control patients, from the general population, were matched to each case (n=6202); in the second cohort, two non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive control patients were matched to each case (n=6919). The outcome measures for a medication were: odds ratio (OR) for hospitalization, 95% confidence interval (CI), and the p-value, using Fisher’s exact test. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple testing.

Results:

Medications associated with most significantly reduced odds for COVID-19 hospitalization include: ubiquinone (OR=0.185, 95% CI [0.058 to 0.458], p<0.001), ezetimibe (OR=0.488, 95% CI [0.377 to 0.622], p<0.001), rosuvastatin (OR=0.673, 95% CI [0.596 to 0.758], p<0.001), flecainide (OR=0.301, 95% CI [0.118 to 0.641], p<0.001), and vitamin D (OR=0.869, 95% CI [0.792 to 0.954], p<0.003). Remarkably, acquisition of artificial tears, eye care wipes, and several ophthalmological products were also associated with decreased risk for hospitalization.

Conclusions:

Ubiquinone, ezetimibe, and rosuvastatin, all related to the cholesterol synthesis pathway were associated with reduced hospitalization risk. These findings point to a promising protective effect which should be further investigated in controlled, prospective studies.

Funding:

This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI.
Revisiting the guidelines for ending isolation for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Jeong Yong Dam , Ejima Keisuke , Kim Kwang Su , Iwanami Shoya , Bento Ana I , Fujita Yasuhisa , Jung Il Hyo , Aihara Kazuyuki , Watashi Koichi , Miyazaki Taiga , Wakita Takaji , Iwami Shingo , Ajelli Marco
Published: July 2021

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, two mainstream guidelines for defining when to end the isolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals have been in use: the one-size-fits-all approach (i.e. patients are isolated for a fixed number of days) and the personalized approach (i.e. based on repeated testing of isolated patients). We use a mathematical framework to model within-host viral dynamics and test different criteria for ending isolation. By considering a fixed time of 10 days since symptom onset as the criterion for ending isolation, we estimated that the risk of releasing an individual who is still infectious is low (0–6.6%). However, this policy entails lengthy unnecessary isolations (4.8–8.3 days). In contrast, by using a personalized strategy, similar low risks can be reached with shorter prolonged isolations. The obtained findings provide a scientific rationale for policies on ending the isolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.
Single-molecule imaging of chromatin remodelers reveals role of ATPase in promoting fast kinetics of target search and dissociation from chromatin
Authors: Kim Jee Min , Visanpattanasin Pat , Jou Vivian , Liu Sheng , Tang Xiaona , Zheng Qinsi , Li Kai Yu , Snedeker Jonathan , Lavis Luke D , Lionnet Timothee , Wu Carl
Published: July 2021

Conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers establish and maintain genome-wide chromatin architectures of regulatory DNA during cellular lifespan, but the temporal interactions between remodelers and chromatin targets have been obscure. We performed live-cell single-molecule tracking for RSC, SWI/SNF, CHD1, ISW1, ISW2, and INO80 remodeling complexes in budding yeast and detected hyperkinetic behaviors for chromatin-bound molecules that frequently transition to the free state for all complexes. Chromatin-bound remodelers display notably higher diffusion than nucleosomal histones, and strikingly fast dissociation kinetics with 4–7 s mean residence times. These enhanced dynamics require ATP binding or hydrolysis by the catalytic ATPase, uncovering an additional function to its established role in nucleosome remodeling. Kinetic simulations show that multiple remodelers can repeatedly occupy the same promoter region on a timescale of minutes, implicating an unending ‘tug-of-war’ that controls a temporally shifting window of accessibility for the transcription initiation machinery.