bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomistic‐Level Portrayal of Drug–DNA Interplay: A History of Courtships and Meetings Revealed by Molecular Simulations
Authors: Vargiu Attilio V. , Magistrato Alessandra
Published: August 2014

Simulation techniques play an ever increasing role in drug design by providing an atomistic view of the pathways of drugs to their target sites, thus revealing the determinants behind molecular recognition and binding, pinpointing local and allosteric conformational changes of both drugs and receptors, and unveiling key chemical mechanisms in enzymatic‐like processes. In particular, molecular dynamics simulations, relying on a force field, quantum mechanical, or hybrid description of the system, have been largely employed to unveil mechanistic, kinetic, and thermodynamic aspects of the binding of anticancer drugs to DNA, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Herein we review recent literature, focusing on selected examples from our work, to show how modern computer simulations can be applied to study the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs such as platinum compounds, organic antibiotics, and metal‐based octahedral complexes, which are archetypal examples of the most common classes of DNA binding molecules. We discuss the strengths and limitations of in silico studies in this field, as well as current and future challenges.
The Design of RNA Binders: Targeting the HIV Replication Cycle as a Case Study
Authors: Blond Aurélie , Ennifar Eric , Tisné Carine , Micouin Laurent
Published: August 2014

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) replication cycle is finely tuned with many important steps involving RNA–RNA or protein–RNA interactions, all of them being potential targets for the development of new antiviral compounds. This cycle can also be considered as a good benchmark for the evaluation of early‐stage strategies aiming at designing drugs that bind to RNA, with the possibility to correlate in vitro activities with antiviral properties. In this review, we highlight different approaches developed to interfere with four important steps of the HIV‐1 replication cycle: the early stage of reverse transcription, the transactivation of viral transcription, the nuclear export of partially spliced transcripts and the dimerization step.
Cost of services provided by theNationalBreast andCervicalCancer EarlyDetectionProgram
Authors: Ekwueme Donatus U. , Subramanian Sujha , Trogdon Justin G. , Miller Jacqueline W. , Royalty Janet E. , Li Chunyu , Guy Gery P. , Crouse Wesley , Thompson Hope , Gardner James G.
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) is the largest cancer screening program for low‐income women in the United States. This study updates previous estimates of the costs of delivering preventive cancer screening services in the NBCCEDP.METHODS:We developed a standardized web‐based cost‐assessment tool to collect annual activity‐based cost data on screening for breast and cervical cancer in the NBCCEDP. Data were collected from 63 of the 66 programs that received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the 2006/2007 fiscal year. We used these data to calculate costs of delivering preventive public health services in the program.RESULTS:We estimated the total cost of all NBCCEDP services to be $296 (standard deviation [SD], $123) per woman served (including the estimated value of in‐kind donations, which constituted approximately 15% of this total estimated cost). The estimated cost of screening and diagnostic services was $145 (SD, $38) per women served, which represented 57.7% of the total cost excluding the value of in‐kind donations. Including the value of in‐kind donations, the weighted mean cost of screening a woman for breast cancer was $110 with an office visit and $88 without, the weighted mean cost of a diagnostic procedure was $401, and the weighted mean cost per breast cancer detected was $35,480. For cervical cancer, the corresponding cost estimates were $61, $21, $415, and $18,995, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:These NBCCEDP cost estimates may help policy makers in planning and implementing future costs for various potential changes to the program.Cancer2014;120(16 suppl):2604‐11.©2014 American Cancer Society.
Public health national approach to reducing breast and cervical cancer disparities
Authors: Miller Jacqueline W. , Plescia Marcus , Ekwueme Donatus U.
Published: August 2014

Breast and cervical cancer have had disparate impact on the lives of women. The burden of breast and cervical cancer is more prominent among some racial and ethnic minority women. Providing comprehensive care to all medically underserved women is a critical element in continuing the battle to reduce cancer burden and eliminate disparities. The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program is the only nationally organized cancer screening program for underserved women in the United States. Its public health goal is to ensure access to high‐quality screening, follow‐up, and treatment services for diverse and vulnerable populations that, in turn, may reduce disparities. Cancer 2014;120(16 suppl):2537‐9. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program partnerships in action
Authors: Sanders Latasha D. , Larkins Teri L. , Boyle John N. , George Susan F. , Triplett Erin W. , Leypoldt Melissa D.
Published: August 2014

Since the inception of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) in 1990, partnerships have played a significant role in providing breast and cervical cancer screening and early detection to uninsured and underinsured women. The state, tribal, and territorial NBCCEDP grantees have shared resources and responsibilities with a variety of partners (eg, community‐based organizations, government agencies, tribes, health care systems, companies, professional organizations) to achieve common goals. National partners, such as the American Cancer Society, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, and the Avon Foundation for Women, have provided funding, lobbied for national and state funding, supported outreach and education activities, and provided treatment referral services for the programs. This article provides an overview of grantee partnerships to illustrate the effects, successes, and challenges of these partnerships and how they have affected the populations served by the program. Cancer 2014;120(16 suppl):2612‐6. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Novel endoscopic diagnosis for bladder cancer
Authors: Lerner Seth P. , Goh Alvin
Published: August 2014

Advances in endoscopic imaging technology may improve sensitivity for the detection of bladder cancer and provide a more complete understanding of the urothelial landscape, and it also may lead to improved short‐term and long‐term cancer control. Fluorescence cystoscopy requires intravesical administration of a photosensitizing agent (5‐aminolevulinic acid or hexaminolevulinate), and imaging with a blue‐light endoscopy system demonstrably improves the detection of papillary and flat bladder lesions compared with conventional white‐light cystoscopy. Prospective phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated improved diagnostic ability, enhanced tumor resection, and a small but significant reduction in recurrence‐free survival. Optical coherence tomography delineates subsurface microarchitecture information about bladder lesions in real time and has the ability to discriminate between noninvasive and invasive cancers. Narrow‐band imaging may augment white‐light cystoscopy by providing increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissue on the basis of neovascularity. Confocal laser endoscopy has been applied to the urinary tract using thinner probes adapted from use in gastrointestinal malignancies and provides exquisite images at microscopic resolution. More technology is on the horizon that may further enhance our ability to detect and accurately stage bladder tumors and distinguish benign from malignant or dysplastic lesions. Cancer 2015;121:169–78. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Designing a Conflict Management System for Higher Education: A Case Study for Design in Integrative Organizations
Authors: Yarn Doug
Published: August 2014

In 1994, the University System of Georgia embarked on an ambitious effort to reduce the costs of disputing by creating what is now possibly the largest comprehensive, integrated conflict management system (ICMS) in higher education. For almost twenty years, the Consortium on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution has provided technical advice and support for this initiative. This article reviews the context, summarizes the ICMS design, draws a few lessons, and speculates on the value of this work. Because of my close personal involvement, I am straying from convention and telling this story from the first‐person perspective. Although probably skewed by hindsight, the historical context is important because our decisions and actions reflected the prevailing conditions and our nascent level of knowledge and experience. The overarching lessons are applicable to most organizations and particularly salient for the conflict management challenges facing the diverse colleges and universities in the United States today and any multifaceted, integrative organization.
Maintaining channel abandonment processes increases riparian plant diversity within fluvial corridors
Authors: Dufour Simon , Hayden Maya , Stella John , Battles John , Piegay Herve
Published: August 2014

Within dynamic alluvial riverine corridors, abandoned channels form and experience hydrogeomorphic processes that are distinct from similar elevation surfaces along active channels. Compared with the relatively well‐studied role of fluvial disturbance on floodplain plant communities along active channels, the drivers of plant diversity and community dynamics along terrestrializing abandoned channels have received much less attention. In this study, we addressed several related questions within the context of the Sacramento River (California, USA): (1) Do abandoned channels host different plant species compared with the surrounding floodplain? (2) How do plant communities vary among abandoned channels in relation to time since cutoff and disturbance regime? (3) Do understory plant species within an abandoned channel display distinct zonation along a disturbance gradient from the wetted edge laterally to upland areas? Our results show that although species richness is similar to floodplain sites, abandoned channels support a different species pool, notably due to presence of more wetland‐associated species, and this contributes to increase biodiversity within the fluvial corridor. We found substantial shifts in species composition that occurred since channel abandonment, likely related to decreases in the strength of hydromorphic disturbance through time. Lastly, we found that lateral environmental gradients within abandoned channel sites were significant, although much weaker drivers of understory vegetation patterns than typically found along active channel banks. These results argue for a management approach that preserves and promotes natural processes of channel migration and sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigen presenting cell‐derived IL‐6 restricts Th2‐cell differentiation
Authors: Mayer Alice , Debuisson Delphine , Denanglaire Sébastien , Eddahri Fouad , Fievez Laurence , Hercor Mélanie , Triffaux Emily , Moser Muriel , Bureau Fabrice , Leo Oberdan , Andris Fabienne
Published: August 2014

The identification of DC‐derived signals orchestrating activation of Th1 and Th17 immune responses has advanced our understanding on how these inflammatory responses develop. However, whether specific signals delivered by DCs also participate in the regulation of Th2 immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that administration of antigen‐loaded, IL‐6‐deficient DCs to naïve mice induced an exacerbated Th2 response, characterized by the differentiation of GATA‐3‐expressing T lymphocytes secreting high levels of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13. Coinjection of wild type and IL‐6‐deficient bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) confirmed that IL‐6 exerted a dominant, negative influence on Th2‐cell development. This finding was confirmed in vitro, where exogenously added IL‐6 was found to limit IL‐4‐induced Th2‐cell differentiation. iNKT cells were required for optimal Th2‐cell differentiation in vivo although their activation occurred independently of IL‐6 secretion by the BMDCs. Collectively, these observations identify IL‐6 secretion as a major, unsuspected, mechanism whereby DCs control the magnitude of Th2 immunity.
Systematic Study of the Electronic States in Electron‐Doped Polyacenes
Authors: Phan Quynh T. N. , Heguri Satoshi , Tanabe Yoichi , Shimotani Hidekazu , Tanigaki Katsumi
Published: August 2014

High‐quality polycrystalline polyacenes (PLAs) of anthracene (AN), tetracene (TN), and pentacene (PN) doped with potassium in the 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries are prepared and their physical properties are systematically studied by magnetic measurements. The magnetic susceptibilities as a function of temperature for Kx(PLAs) are interpreted in the framework of a band‐filling model. Clear evidence for the occurrence of charge transfer from K to the organic semiconductors is provided. K1(AN) prepared by a solid‐state diffusion process exhibits a pronounced magnetic hump at 140 K, which is associated with antiferromagnetic interactions ascribed to the on‐site Coulomb repulsion in a Mott insulating state, whereas both K1(TN) and K1(PN) show a conventional Curie–Weiss behavior at low temperatures. We successfully demonstrate the tuning of the electronic states of PLA‐type semiconductors in bulk. Comments are given about the possibility of metallic states in potassium‐doped PLAs, which have recently been reported for other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of intragastric fat fraction of oil emulsions in humans
Authors: Hussein Mahamoud O. , Hoad Caroline L. , Stephenson Mary C. , Cox Eleanor F. , Placidi Elisa , Pritchard Susan E. , Costigan Carolyn , Ribeiro Henelyta. , Ciampi Elisabetta , Rayment Pip , Nandi Asish , Hedges Nick , Sanderson Paul , Peters Harry P.F. , Kruse Irmela , Marciani Luca , Spiller Robin C. , Gowland Penny A.
Published: August 2014

There is considerable interest in manipulating the behavior of dietary emulsions in the human stomach as a means of altering satiating properties of fatty foods. However assessing this using intubation markedly disturbs normal gastric motility so a non‐invasive imaging approach has a strong rationale. Two 20% sunflower oil‐in‐water fat emulsions test meals with different droplet sizes (termed Fine and Coarse) and intragastric behaviors were used to demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of carrying out magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of fat emulsions fat fraction, in vivo, in the gastric lumen of six healthy volunteers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed that as expected the fine emulsion remained mostly homogeneously distributed inside the stomach over the course of 3 h but the Coarse quickly creamed showing an upper layer much richer in fat. The MRS measurements showed that the Coarse emulsion had an upper layer of high lipid/water ratio compared to the lower layer. The fine emulsion fat fraction values remained stable throughout the study with no difference between upper and lower layers. It is therefore possible to quantify in vivo, in the gastric lumen, the intragastric fat fraction of oil‐in‐water fat emulsions using non invasive MRS techniques.

Practical applications: This study shows that it is possible to quantify in vivo, in the gastric lumen, the intragastric fat fraction of oil‐in‐water fat emulsions using non invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. These measurements can help improve understanding of intragastric distribution of fat, its relation to satiety, can improve the relevance of in vitro/in vivo models of fat digestion, and will ultimately aid the design of foods with desired health promoting characteristics and check their performance in vivo.

Two 20% sunflower oil‐in‐water fat emulsions test meals with different droplet sizes and intragastric behaviours are used to demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of carrying out magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of fat emulsions fat fraction, in vivo, in the gastric lumen of six healthy volunteers.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Vinyl Fluorides towards α‐Fluorinated α,β‐Unsaturated Lactams and Lactones
Authors: Marhold Michael , Stillig Christian , Fröhlich Roland , Haufe Günter
Published: August 2014

Ring‐closing olefin metathesis reactions (RCM) using Grubbs II or Hoveyda's catalysts have been applied to a series of N‐alkenyl‐N‐benzyl‐α‐fluoroacrylamides. α‐Fluoro‐α,β‐unsaturated γ‐ or δ‐lactams incorporating a fluorinated double bond were obtained in moderate to good yields, depending on the nature of substituents on the benzyl ring. The corresponding seven‐ and eight‐membered lactams were not formed under similar conditions. When the N‐benzyl group was replaced by an N‐tosyl group, the corresponding ϵ‐lactam was also formed in 38 % yield. When N‐(2‐fluoroallyl) derivatives were used instead of fluoroacryloyl derivatives, six‐, seven‐, and eight‐membered N‐heterocycles were obtained in low yields. This method was also used to synthesize fluorinated α,β‐unsaturated analogues of pyrrolizidine and indolizidine alkaloids from prolinol, and also to synthesize N‐benzyl‐3‐fluoroquinolone in three steps from commercially available 2‐vinylaniline in 44 % overall yield. Also 3‐fluorocoumarin and 3‐fluorochromene were prepared from o‐vinylphenol, and 3‐fluoro‐benzoxepine was available from o‐allylphenol.
Complexation Phenomena and Dynamics at Work in the Lithiation Reactions of Small‐Ring Heterocycles: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity
Authors: Capriati Vito , Florio Saverio , Luisi Renzo
Published: August 2014

This Microreview focuses on the regio‐ and stereoselective lithiation of small‐ring heterocycles such as aryl‐substituted oxiranes, aziridines, azetidines, oxetanes, and tetrahydrofurans highlighting some useful selected synthetic applications extracted from recent literature. It will be shown, in particular, that regio‐ and stereoselectivity and the configurational stability of the above lithiated species are controlled by a subtle interplay of factors. Aggregation, complexation phenomena, dynamics at the heteroatom of the heterocyclic ring, substitution in both the aryl and the heterocyclic ring, solvent polarity, temperature, and ligands play a crucial role. The ability of the afore‐mentioned heterocycles as important directed metalation groups for the areneortho‐functionalization is also discussed as well as the carbene‐like nature exhibited by some lithiated epoxides and aziridines.
Delayed atrophy in posterior cingulate cortex and apathy after stroke
Authors: Matsuoka Kiwamu , Yasuno Fumihiko , Taguchi Akihiko , Yamamoto Akihide , Kajimoto Katsufumi , Kazui Hiroaki , Kudo Takashi , Sekiyama Atsuo , Kitamura Soichiro , Kiuchi Kuniaki , Kosaka Jun , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Iida Hidehiro , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki
Published: August 2014

Objective

A few studies have been performed on chronic structural changes after stroke. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate regional cortical volume changes after the onset of stroke and to examine how the cortical volume changes affected neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Methods

Participants were 20 stroke patients and 14 control subjects. T1‐MRI was performed twice, once at the subacute stage and again 6 months later, and whole brain voxel‐based morphometric (VBM) analysis was used to detect significant cortical gray matter volume changes in patients. We also assessed the correlation between changes in cortical volumes and changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms during the 6 months following a stroke.

Results

In the present study, we found significant volume reductions in the anterior part of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) over the 6 months following a stroke by exploratory VBM analysis. We also found that the amount of volume change was significantly correlated with the change in apathy‐scale scores during the 6 months poststroke.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that delayed atrophic change is evident in the PCC 6 months after a stroke. There was greater apathetic change in the stroke patients with the larger volume reductions. The delayed atrophy of the PCC may reflect degeneration secondary to neuronal loss due to stroke. Such degeneration might have impaired control of goal‐directed behavior, leading to the observed increase in apathy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warfarin usage among elderly atrial fibrillation patients with traumatic injury, an analysis of United States Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees
Authors: Liu Xinggang , Baumgarten Mona , Smith Gordon , Gambert Steven , Gottlieb Stephen , Rattinger Gail , Albrecht Jennifer , Langenberg Patricia , Zuckerman Ilene
Published: August 2014

This study examined warfarin usage for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with atrial fibrillation (AF) who suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI), hip fracture, or torso injuries. Using the 5% Chronic Condition Data Warehouse administrative claims data, this study included fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries who had a single injury hospitalization (TBI, hip fracture, or major torso injury) between 1/1/2007 and 12/31/2009, with complete Medicare Parts A, B (no Medicare Advantage), and D coverage 6 months before injury, and who were aged 66 years or older and diagnosed with AF at least 1 year before injury. About 45% of the AF patients were using warfarin before TBI or torso injury, and 35% before hip fracture. After injury, there was a dramatic and persistent decrease in warfarin use in TBI and torso injury groups (30% for TBI and 37% for torso injury at 12 months after injury). Warfarin usage in hip fracture patients also dropped after injury but returned to pre‐injury level within 4 months. TBI and torso injury lead to significant decreases in warfarin usage in elderly AF patients. Further research is needed to understand reasons for the pattern and to develop evidence‐based management strategies in the post‐acute setting.
Huge clusters of embryonic stem cells in human embryos: A morphologic study
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: August 2014

Background: Nothing is known about huge clusters (HC) of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in human fetal organs (HFO). Aim: To know the status of HC‐ESC in HFO. Methods: Morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 32 HFO of 7–40 gestational weeks (GW). Results: HC‐ESC were seen in many HFO including central nervous system, spinal cords, spine, soft tissue, bone, skin, thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile duct, adrenal, kidney, bladder, foregut, midgut, hindgut, female and male genital organs, and neurons. HC‐ESC's were composed of two populations depending on constituting cells. One were large cells with ample acidophilic cytoplasms with vesicular nuclei and nucleoli. The other were small cells with scant cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli, resembling lymphocytes. The HC‐ESC were frequently showed neuronal differentiation. HC‐ESC were positive for NCAM, synaptophysin, NSE, chromogranin, PDGFRA, AFP, ErbB2, bcl‐2, KIT, MET. They were negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, EMA, CEA, CA19‐9, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The mean Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 13% ± 7%. HC‐ESC showed a little glycogen but lacked mucins. These HC‐ESC were seen in 7–25 GW, and they were rarely seen in 26–40 GW. Conclusions: The morphology, IHC, and ontogeny of HC‐ESC were described. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:825–831, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation dose in coronary angiography and intervention: initial results from the establishment of a multi‐centre diagnostic reference level in Queensland public hospitals
Authors: Crowhurst James A. , Whitby Mark , Thiele David , Halligan Toni , Westerink Adam , Crown Suzanne , Milne Jillian
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Radiation dose to patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is relatively high. Guidelines suggest that a local benchmark or diagnostic reference level (DRL) be established for these procedures. This study sought to create a DRL for ICA procedures in Queensland public hospitals.

Methods

Data were collected for all Cardiac Catheter Laboratories in Queensland public hospitals. Data were collected for diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) and single‐vessel percutaneous intervention (PCI) procedures. Dose area product (PKA), skin surface entrance dose (KAR), fluoroscopy time (FT), and patient height and weight were collected for 3 months. The DRL was set from the 75th percentile of the PKA.

Results

2590 patients were included in the CA group where the median FT was 3.5 min (inter‐quartile range = 2.3–6.1). Median KAR = 581 mGy (374–876). Median PKA = 3908 uGym2 (2489–5865) DRL = 5865 uGym2. 947 patients were included in the PCI group where median FT was 11.2 min (7.7–17.4). Median KAR = 1501 mGy (928–2224). Median PKA = 8736 uGym2 (5449–12,900) DRL = 12,900 uGym2.

Conclusion

This study established a benchmark for radiation dose for diagnostic and interventional coronary angiography in Queensland public facilities.
The three most common human papillomavirus oncogenic types and their integration state in Thai women with cervical precancerous lesions and carcinomas
Authors: Aromseree Sirinart , Chaiwongkot Arkom , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Kongyingyoes Bunkerd , Patarapadungkit Natcha , Pientong Chamsai
Published: August 2014

To understand the potential role in cervical cancer development of the three most common high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPVs) in Thai women, HPV genotypes and viral genome statuses in different cervical lesions were investigated. Cervical tissues consisting of no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (84 cases), grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (176 cases), grade II–III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (91 cases), and squamous cell carcinoma (66 cases) were subjected for HPV genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot hybridization assay and for HPV genome status determination by amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts (APOT) assay. HPV prevalence was 28.6% in no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 40.3% in grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 70.3% in grade II–III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 86.4% in squamous cell carcinoma cases. The three most common HR‐HPV types were HPV 16, 58, and 18 which were distributed in all cervical lesions. HPV physical statuses could be investigated in 4 no cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, 2 grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, 28 grade II–III cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and 31 squamous cell carcinomas. The integrated‐derived transcripts were found 3.6% in grade II–III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 48.4% in squamous cell carcinoma, whereas no viral genome integration was found in the group of no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia samples. The frequencies of HR‐HPV integration in squamous cell carcinoma were found 40%, 100%, 20% of HPV 16, 18, and 58. This study indicates the oncogenic potential ability of the three most common HR‐HPVs associated with cervical cancer progression. J. Med. Virol. 86:1911–1919, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian space–time model to analyse frost risk for agriculture in Southeast Australia
Authors: Crimp Steven , Bakar Khandoker Shuvo , Kokic Philip , Jin Huidong , Nicholls Neville , Howden Mark
Published: August 2014

Despite a broad pattern of warming in minimum temperatures over the past 50 years, regions of southeastern Australia have experienced increases in frost frequency in recent decades, and more broadly across southern Australia, an extension of the frost window due to an earlier onset and later cessation. Consistent across southern Australia is a later cessation of frosts, with some areas of southeastern Australia experiencing the last frost an average 4 weeks later than in the 1960s (i.e. mean date of last frost for the period 1960–1970 was 19 September versus 22 October for the period 2000–2009). We seek to model the spatial changes in frosts for a region exhibiting the strongest individual station trends, i.e. northern Victoria and southern New South Wales. We identify statistically significant trends at low‐lying stations for the month of August and construct and validate a Bayesian space–time model of minimum temperatures, using rates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as other well‐understood causal factors including solar radiation, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO 3.4) and times series data relating to the position (STRP) and intensity (STRI) of subtropical highs and blocking high pressure systems. We assess the performance of this modelling approach against observational records as well as against additive and linear regression modelling approaches using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as well as false alarm and hit rate metrics. The spatiotemporal modelling approach demonstrated considerably better predictive skill than the others, with enhanced performance across all the metrics analysed. This enhanced performance was consistent across each decade and for temperature extremes below 2 °C.
The role of microbes in the pathogenesis of acute rhinosinusitis in young adults
Authors: Autio Timo J. , Tapiainen Terhi , Koskenkorva Timo , Närkiö Mervi , Lappalainen Maija , Nikkari Simo , Hemmilä Heidi , Koskela Katja A. , Koskela Markku , Koivunen Petri , Alho Olli‐Pekka
Published: August 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To provide information on the course of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) with sequential nasal and paranasal microbiological data and their correlation with clinical outcomes.

Study Design

We conducted a prospective cohort study among 50 Finnish military recruits with clinically diagnosed ARS in spring 2012.

Methods

We collected symptom, nasal endoscopy, and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scores during the early (2–3 days from onset) and later phases (9–10 days). We took viral samples from the nasopharynx (multiplex respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), bacterial culture from the middle meatus during both phases, and both viral and bacterial samples from the maxillary sinus aspirate (respiratory virus PCR, bacterial culture, broad‐range bacterial PCR) during the later phase. Cilia destruction and microbial biofilms were sought from a nasal mucosal biopsy sample.

Results

We found that 42 (84%) of the subjects had viral nucleic acid in the nasopharynx during ARS. During the early phase, 28 (56%) of the subjects had nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in the middle meatus, which was associated with wider paranasal mucosal changes in CBCT scans and increased symptoms during the study period. After 9 to 10 days from the onset, NTHi was found in the maxillary sinus in eight subjects (40%, 8/20) and led to prolonged symptoms. Bacterial biofilm was ruled out in 39 (78%) cases, and cilia destruction did not correlate with microbiological or clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

Nasal and paranasal H. influenzae coinfection during viral infection may modify the symptoms and the extent of sinonasal mucosal disease observed in CBCT scans already from the beginning of the ARS episode.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E1–E7, 2015
On a reducibility of the Kampé de Fériet function
Authors: Rakha Medhat A. , Awad Mohammed M. , Rathie Arjun K.
Published: August 2014

The main objective of this research note is to provide an interesting result for the reducibility of the Kampé de Fériet function. The result is derived with the help of two results for the terminating 3F2 series very recently obtained by Rakha et al. A few interesting special cases have also been given. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myovascular innervation: Axon loss in small‐fiber neuropathies
Authors: Dori Amir , Lopate Glenn , Keeling Richard , Pestronk Alan
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Vascular denervation occurs in some neuropathies, but measurement of small perivascular axons has been difficult.

Methods

We evaluated 31 consecutive patients who had both muscle and skin biopsies. We quantitated myovascular innervation by staining unmyelinated axons with peripherin and non‐myelinating Schwann cells with neural cell adhesion molecule and comparing their areas.

Results

Perivascular unmyelinated axon−Schwann (UAS) ratios correlated with axon density in skin (r = 0.679; P < 0.0001). Low UAS ratios (≤0.25) had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 91% for a clinical diagnosis of small‐fiber neuropathy (P < 0.0001). Autonomic features were more common in patients with low perivascular UAS ratios (P = 0.002). A patient subgroup with myovascular, but not skin, denervation commonly had muscle discomfort and autonomic features.

Conclusions

UAS ratio measurements, comparing axons and associated non‐myelinating Schwann cells, can quantitate perivascular innervation. Small‐fiber neuropathies are often associated with myovascular denervation. Some patients with muscle discomfort have selective myovascular denervation. Muscle Nerve 51: 514–521, 2015
Nanoparticle Distribution in Three‐Layer Polymer–Nanoparticle Composite Films: Comparison of Experiment and Theory
Authors: Bunk Juliane K. G. , Drechsler Astrid , Friedel Peter , Rauch Sebastian , Uhlmann Petra , Stamm Manfred , Rennekamp Reinhold
Published: August 2014

The distribution of hydrophobic nanoparticles deposited on a hydrophilic polymer film is investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy before and after spin‐coating a polymer solution on the particle film and drying it at room temperature. Various polymers and solvents are used. To reach equilibrium, all investigated systems are annealed additionally above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers. The compatibility of the interacting components is estimated by calculating their surface energy, solubility, and mutual interaction parameters. The experimental results show a redistribution of the particles on both interfaces of the polymer film. This corresponds to the calculated immiscibility of particles and polymers. The distribution of the nanoparticles at the interfaces is related mainly to the vapor pressure of the solvent, that is, kinetic effects during spin‐coating. Only minor contributions result from surface energy, solubility, and interaction parameters.
Ultra simple way to encrypt non‐volatile main memory
Authors: Hou Fangyong , He Hongjun
Published: August 2014

Building non‐volatile main memory (NVMM) systems requires the memory data to be encrypted to remedy the potential security vulnerability caused by the non‐volatile property of NVMM. Existing solutions still have shortcomings as vulnerability of security, inadequate optimizing of performance, and other limitations hold back their deployment into real systems. This paper proposes an address‐based counter mode encrypted NVMM system. It constructs a stand‐alone memory‐side secure engine to make counter mode encryption and maintains the crucial encryption parameter of counter by adopting the address‐based strategy. Compared with existing techniques, it provides the distinct advantages of: (1) higher assurance of security through encrypting any data at any time; (2) better performance, as nearly all of the encryption/decryption latencies are removed; (3) good feasibility due to the lowest‐level protection, ultra simple structure with low implementation cost, as well as no need for further adjustments, and it can also be made available for a wide range of target platforms; (4) helpful to improve the lifetime of NVMM without side‐effects to wear‐leveling techniques. Performance evaluation shows the overall performance slowdown has an average value of 0.072%, which proves the proposed method is an effectual way to implement data protection for NVMM systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neue Ansätze für den Nachweis von zylindrischen Grout‐Verbindungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Mittelstaedt Marc , Ertel Christian , Klose Marcus , Probst Tom
Published: August 2014

Das Tragverhalten und die Bemessung von Grout‐Verbindungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen ist Gegenstand gegenwärtiger Forschungsvorhaben, wie beispielsweise dem Projekt GROWup, und noch nicht hinreichend geregelt. Derzeit existieren mehrere Regelwerke und Leitfäden, welche in Folge von berichteten Schäden an Grout‐Verbindungen aus dem Jahre 2009 überarbeitet werden.

Dieser Artikel behandelt im Wesentlichen Inhalte der Technical Note for the Certification of Grouted Connections for Offshore Wind Turbines [1]. Die Technical Note (TN) fasst den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zusammen und gibt neue Bemessungskonzepte an, die eine sichere und ökonomische Bemessung der Grout‐Verbindung gewährleisten sollen. Sie soll als erster Schritt in Richtung einer angestrebten Normenharmonisierung dienen, um eine einheitliche, wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Bemessung von Grout‐Verbindungen im Offshore Windsektor zu erreichen.

New approaches for the verification of cylindrical grouted connections of offshore wind energy turbines. The bearing behavior and the assessment of grouted connections of offshore wind turbines is subject of research (e. g. the GROWup project) and not uniformly regulated in existing rules and standards. As a consequence of sliding damages at a number of offshore wind farms reported in 2009 existing rules and standards have been reviewed.

This article basically deals with the content of the Technical Note for the Certification of Grouted Connections for Offshore Wind Turbines [1]. The technical note (TN) describes the current state‐of‐the‐art for the application of grouted connections under consideration of the latest state of research. Also new approaches were introduced to ensure a safe and economic assessment. The aim is to reach a harmonized standard for the design of grouted connections.
Basketballhalle Dongguan
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Mühlberger Jörg , Chen Wei
Published: August 2014

In Dongguan im Süden Chinas wurde nach mehrjähriger Bauzeit nun eine der modernsten Basketballhallen in China fertiggestellt. Basketball hat in China und Dongguan einen hohen Stellenwert und so fasst die neue Halle 15000 Zuschauer und ist in ihren Abmessungen und auch von der Ausstattung her mit einer modernen NBA Halle in den USA vergleichbar. Gleichzeitig soll sie, wie immer in China, eine möglichst positive und einmalige architektonische Erscheinung haben. Die Arena greift daher das Bild des Basketballkorbes auf, bestehend aus einer ringförmigen Dachstruktur, die eine Kombination aus Hängetragwerk und Stahlfachwerk darstellt, und das charakteristische Netz, das die Hallenfassade bildet. Diese doppelt gekrümmte Seilnetzfassade stellt wohl derzeit die längste Fassade ihrer Art in der Welt dar und ist das konstruktive Highlight des Projektes.

Dongguan basketball stadium ‐ the supposedly longest cablenet façade of the world. Dongguan, South of China, has recently seen the completion of one of the most modern basketball arenas in China. At a capacity of 15.000 spectators, it illustrates the great importance of basketball in China and Dongguan in particular. Its dimensions and state‐of‐the‐art facilities are comparable to those of modern NBA stadia. Its elaborate design, the result of several years on‐site, apprehends the aspiration for positive and unique design omnipresent in China. The design tentatively evokes the image of a basketball hoop: The circular perimeter of the concentric roof structure, a combination of funicular form and steel trusses serves to suspend a light‐weight net, the building’s façade. This filigree, doubly‐curved cable net façade is probably the largest of its kind in the world and the constructional highlight of the project.
Berechnungsverfahren für biegebeanspruchte Grouted Joints in Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Lochte‐Holtgreven Stephan , Wilke Fabian
Published: August 2014

Grout‐Verbindungen als hybride Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen mit hochfester Vergussbetonfuge werden vielfach in Monopile‐Tragstrukturen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen eingesetzt. Gegenüber Grouted Joints in Jackets oder Tripods werden die Verbindungen in Monopiles überwiegend auf Biegung beansprucht. Etablierte Berechnungsverfahren liegen derzeit nur in begrenztem Umfang vor. Neben Ingenieurmodellen, die auf Grundlage der linearen Schalentheorie Spannungs‐ und Verzerrungszustände in der Verbindung vereinfacht approximieren, wurden in den letzten Jahren numerische Berechnungsverfahren entwickelt, die die geometrischen und materiellen Nichtlinearitäten biegebeanspruchter Verbindungen berücksichtigen. In diesem Beitrag werden drei Berechnungsverfahren vorgestellt, deren Detailierungsgrad anhand von gemessenen und berechneten Bauteilverformungen und Spannungen erläutert wird.

Analysis methods for grouted joints in offshore wind energy converters under predominant bending. Grouted joints as hybrid tube‐to‐tube connections with high‐strength concrete annulus are often used in monopile substructures for offshore wind energy conversion systems. Compared to jackets or tripods, grouted joints in monopiles are loaded by predominant bending moments. Currently, only a limited number of design and calculation methods for the stress design are available. Besides simplified engineering models based on linear shell theory, numerical calculation methods and models have been developed in recent years. Those models include material and geometrical nonlinearities of a grouted joint under predominant bending. In this paper three different analysis methods are presented, their accuracy is described by calculated and measured displacements and stresses.
Vereinfachtes Verfahren für den Beulnachweis bei Ausnutzung plastischer Querschnittsreserven durch Einführung einer “wirksamen Blechdicke“
Authors: Naumes Johannes , Geißler Karsten , Bartzsch Matthias
Published: August 2014

Der Nachweis der Beulsicherheit ebener Bleche nach dem im Eurocode 3, Teil 1‐5 angewendeten Verfahren der wirksamen Breiten bedingt einen hohen Rechenaufwand und ist für ermüdungsbeanspruchte Konstruktionen, z. B. im Brückenbau, nur eingeschränkt anwendbar. Das hier vorgestellte vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren erweitert die lineare Methode der reduzierten Spannungen durch die Einführung einer wirksamen Blechdicke. Dadurch gelingt es, bei deutlich vermindertem Aufwand plastische Reserven innerhalb des Querschnittes gleichwertig auszunutzen.

Simplified Method to exploit the plastic buckling resistance by introducing an “effectivep plate thickness”. The verification of buckling resistance according to the effectivep width method given in EC3 part 1‐5 (section 4) is marked by a time consuming and complex calculation process. Moreover, for fatigue affected structures, such as bridges, the applicability is restricted. Within this paper, a simplified procedure is introduced which extends the linear approach of reduced stresses (EC3‐1‐5, section 10) by introducing an effective thickness. Thus, the plastic resistance of the resulting cross section can be exploited similar to the first approach, but at lower computational time.
iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Chau Monica J. , Deveau Todd C. , Song Mingke , Gu Xiaohuan , Chen Dongdong , Wei Ling
Published: August 2014

Limited treatments are available for perinatal/neonatal stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold therapeutic promise for stroke treatment, but the benefits of iPSC transplantation in neonates are relatively unknown. We hypothesized that transplanted iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) would increase regeneration after stroke. Mouse pluripotent iPSCs were differentiated into neural progenitors using a retinoic acid protocol. Differentiated neural cells were characterized by using multiple criteria and assessments. Ischemic stroke was induced in postnatal day 7 (P7) rats by occluding the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery. iPSC-NPCs (400,000 in 4 µl) were transplanted into the penumbra via intracranial injection 7 days after stroke. Trophic factor expression in the peri-infarct tissue was measured using Western blot analysis. Animals received daily bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections and were sacrificed 21 days after stroke for immunohistochemistry. The vibrissae-elicited forelimb placement test was used to evaluate functional recovery. Differentiated iPSCs expressed mature neuronal markers, functional sodium and potassium channels, and fired action potentials. Several angiogenic and neurogenic trophic factors were identified in iPSC-NPCs. Animals that received iPSC-NPC transplantation had greater expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the peri-infarct region. iPSC-NPCs stained positive for neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 14 days after transplantation. iPSC-NPC-transplanted animals showed greater numbers of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/Collagen IV colabeled cells in the peri-infarct area compared with stroke controls and performed better in a sensorimotor functional test after stroke. iPSC-NPC therapy may play multiple therapeutic roles after stroke by providing trophic factors, increasing angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and providing new cells for tissue repair. Stem Cells  2014;32:3075–3087
The Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 as a Novel Modulator of Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Stock Kristin , Garthe Alexander , de Almeida Sassi Felipe , Glass Rainer , Wolf Susanne A. , Kettenmann Helmut
Published: August 2014

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) was first discovered in the peripheral nervous system as a detector of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli including the irritant chili pepper. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of TRPV1 expression in the central nervous system. Here, we show that TRPV1 is expressed in neural precursor cells (NPCs) during postnatal development, but not in the adult. However, expression of TRPV1 is induced in the adult in paradigms linked to an increase in neurogenesis, such as spatial learning in the Morris water maze or voluntary exercise. Loss of TRPV1 expression in knockout mice leads to an increase in NPC proliferation. Functional TRPV1 expression has been confirmed in cultured NPCs. Our results indicate that TRPV1 expression influences both postnatal and activity-induced neurogenesis in adulthood. Stem Cells  2014;32:3183–3195
Assessing fidelity of core components in a mindfulness and yoga intervention for urban youth: Applying the CORE Process
Authors: Gould Laura Feagans , Mendelson Tamar , Dariotis Jacinda K. , Ancona Matthew , Smith Ali S. R. , Gonzalez Andres A. , Smith Atman A. , Greenberg Mark T.
Published: August 2014

In the past years, the number of mindfulness‐based intervention and prevention programs has increased steadily. In order to achieve the intended program outcomes, program implementers need to understand the essential and indispensable components that define a program's success. This chapter describes the complex process of identifying the core components of a mindfulness and yoga program for urban early adolescents through the systematic study of fidelity of implementation of the intervention. The authors illustrate the CORE Process [(C) Conceptualize Core Components; (O) Operationalize and measure; (R) Run analyses and Review implementation findings; and (E) Enhance and refine], based on data gained from a mindfulness and yoga intervention study conducted as a community‐academic partnership in Baltimore city.