bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tRF‐5a fragment that regulates radiation resistance of colorectal cancer cells by targeting MKNK1
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Chen Chujia , Du Juan , Zheng Zhen , Ye Shuang , Fang Shuai , Liu Kaitai
Published: October 2023

Radiotherapy serves as a crucial strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its efficacy is often hindered by the challenge of radiation resistance. Although the literature suggests that some tRNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are associated with various cancers, studies reporting the relationship of tsRNAs with cancer cell radiosensitivity have not been published yet. In our study, we utilized tsRNAs sequencing to predict differentially expressed tsRNAs in two CRC cells and their radioresistant cells, and 10 tsRNAs with significant differences in expression were validated by qPCR. The target genes of tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D were predicted and verified by the bioinformatics, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting analyses. Wound healing, colony formation, transwell invasion and CCK‐8 assays were performed to detect the effects of tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D on cell function and radiosensitivity. Western blotting evaluated the relationship between tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D and the MKNK‐eIF4E axis. Our findings demonstrated that tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D expression was substantially downregulated in radioresistant CRC cells. Furthermore, tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D could promote CRC cells' ability to proliferate, migrate, invade and obtain radiation resistance by targeting MKNK1. Finally, tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D could regulate eIF4E phosphorylation via MKNK1. This investigation indicated that tRF‐16‐7X9PN5D has an essential regulatory role in the radiation resistance of CRC by directly targeting MKNK1, and may be a new pathway for regulating the CRC radiosensitivity.
A novel approach for sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drinks: Membrane‐based nonthermal processes
Authors: Meutia Fahliza , Wijaya C. Hanny , Julian Helen
Published: October 2023

The applicability of microfiltration (MF) and osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) for sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drink constituents, such as Curcuma xanthorrhiza, ginger, lime, Java tea, and sappan wood extracts, was evaluated in this study. MF showed excellent performance in microorganisms elimination, turbidity reduction, and maintaining antihyperglycemic activity performance. However, a reduction of total phenol and antioxidant activity were observed due to the retention by MF. Fouling in MF was challenging and resulted in rapid flux decline. The concentration of sterilized extracts by OMD operation resulted in a concentration factor of 1.15, 1.13, 1.10, 1.24, and 1.24 for ginger, lime, C. xanthorrhiza, Java tea, and sappan wood, respectively. The active compounds were well preserved, with a maximum of 20% reduction compared to sterilized extracts. Despite insignificant foulant deposition, the OMD flux in tests using C. xanthorrhiza, ginger, and lime as the feed decreased over time, indicating reduced driving force.

Practical applications

The application of membrane technology for juices and liquid foods sterilization and concentration has been widely researched. In this research, we evaluated the performance of MF and OMD for the sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drinks. The results indicated that the functional drink can be sterilized by MF with excellent preservation of the active compounds, such as those responsible for the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. The OMD could also concentrate the traditional functional drink, even though concentration polarization posed a challenge to flux stability. The degradation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the concentrated traditional functional drink was at a minimal value, indicating the promising application of MF and OMD. We believe this article provides new and exciting insights to push forward the sterilization and concentration process in industrial scale.
Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo‐insular network during attention: Meta‐analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence
Authors: Chakraborty Sudesna , Lee Sun Kyun , Arnold Sarah M. , Haast Roy A. M. , Khan Ali R. , Schmitz Taylor W.
Published: October 2023

The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta‐analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological neuroimaging studies. We found that pharmaco‐modulation of acetylcholine evoked both increased activity in the anterior cingulate and decreased activity in the opercular and insular cortex. In large independent meta‐analyses of non‐pharmacological neuroimaging research, we demonstrate that during attentional engagement these cortical areas exhibit (1) task‐related co‐activation with the basal forebrain, (2) task‐related co‐activation with one another, and (3) spatial overlap with dense cholinergic innervations originating from the basal forebrain, as estimated by multimodal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we provide meta‐analytic evidence that pharmaco‐modulation of acetylcholine also induces a speeding of responses to targets with no apparent tradeoff in accuracy. In sum, we demonstrate in humans that acetylcholinergic modulation of midcingulo‐insular hubs of the ventral attention/salience network via basal forebrain afferents may coordinate selection of task relevant information, thereby facilitating cognition and behavior.

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A structured approach with Swiss cheese model to reduce vascular adverse events of filler injections
Authors: Huang Yau‐Li , Chi Ching‐Chi , Chang Shyue‐Luen , Hu Sindy , Lee Mei‐Ching , Lu Chun‐Wei , Chung Wen‐Hung , Lin Tsai‐Ming , Cheng Chun‐Yu
Published: October 2023

Background

Filler injection is among the most popular nonsurgical aesthetic procedures worldwide. Though relatively noninvasive, filler injection can lead to severe vascular adverse events. Even though the incidence is rare, it may cause devastating and irreversible outcomes. A Swiss cheese model has been widely applied for risk analysis and management approach in medical field.

Aims

In this review article, we adopt the Swiss cheese model and create a structured approach to prevent severe vascular complications caused by filler injections.

Methods

We reviewed the current literature regarding the knowledge and techniques of preventing vascular adverse events in the filler injection.

Results

We propose four structured strategies in this model to reduce the risk of severe vascular adverse events of filler injections, including clinical facial anatomy, safe filler injection principles, real time imaging and auxiliary instruments, and implication of checklist.

Conclusion

This review provides clinicians a structured approach before and during the filler injection procedure to reduce the risk of vascular adverse events and improve its safety and outcome.
Responses of the desert green algae, Chlorella sp. to drought stress
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Gaohong
Published: October 2023

Desert algae are important components of the desert soil crust and play an essential role in desert soil ecosystem development. Owing to their special habitat, desert algae are often exposed to harsh environments, among which drought represents the most common stress. Green algae are considered to have drought tolerance potential; however, only a few studies have investigated this. In this study, we selected the green alga Chlorella sp., which was isolated from desert soil, and studied its physiological response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000‐induced drought stress. The results showed that drought stress can affect the photosynthetic efficiency of Chlorella sp., reduce its water retention ability, and destroy its ultrastructure. However, Chlorella sp. can cope with drought stress through a series of physiological regulatory strategies. Protective strategies include quick recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and increased chlorophyll content. In addition, induced synthesis of soluble proteins, lipids, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances, such as sucrose and trehalose, also contribute to improving drought tolerance in Chlorella sp. This study provides insights into the physiological responses of Chlorella sp. to drought stress, which may be valuable for understanding the underlying drought adaptation mechanisms of desert green algae.
Alterations in serum concentrations of visfatin and betatrophin in dogs with hypothyroidism
Authors: Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Shachar Omer , Even Zur Tzachi
Published: October 2023

Background

Hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with obesity and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The adipokines, visfatin, and betatrophin, affect glucose tolerance. Betatrophin is involved in lipid regulation.

Hypothesis

Visfatin and betatrophin serum concentrations are altered in hypothyroid dogs.

Animals

Dogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism (n = 25) and healthy dogs (n = 25).

Methods

Insulin, visfatin, and betatrophin serum concentrations were measured in all dogs and 19 of the hypothyroid dogs after 30 days of thyroxine treatment. Body condition score (BCS) was determined (1‐9 scale).

Results

Visfatin concentrations were lower in hypothyroid compared with healthy dogs (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 2.0 ng/mL, 1.2‐3.3 vs 5.1 ng/mL, 3.3‐7.8; P = .004) and increased post‐treatment (3.1 ng/mL, 1.9‐4.9 vs 2.6 ng/mL, 1.6‐4.1; P = .05). Betatrophin concentrations were lower in lean to normal (body condition score [BCS], 3‐5) hypothyroid dogs compared to lean to normal healthy dogs (52 pg/mL, 9‐307 vs 597 pg/mL, 216‐1648; P = .03), but were not different between overweight (BCS, 6‐9) hypothyroid and healthy dogs (341 pg/L, 168‐695 vs 178 pg/mL, 77‐415; P = .26), and decreased post‐treatment in overweight dogs (206 pg/mL, 87‐488 vs 268 pg/mL, 112‐640; P = .004). Visfatin concentrations were higher in overweight compared with lean to normal dogs (4.7 ng/mL, 3.3‐6.6 vs 2.2 ng/mL, 1.2‐4.2; P = .04). Betatrophin concentrations were positively correlated with BCS (r = .47, P = .02) and insulin concentrations (r = .48, P = .03) in hypothyroid dogs and negatively correlated with BCS (r = −.47, P = .02) and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations (r = −.56, P = .01) in healthy dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with alterations in visfatin and betatrophin concentrations that partially resolve with thyroxine treatment.
DNA methylation differences between stick insect ecotypes
Authors: de Carvalho Clarissa F. , Slate Jon , Villoutreix Romain , Soria‐Carrasco Víctor , Riesch Rüdiger , Feder Jeffrey L. , Gompert Zachariah , Nosil Patrik
Published: October 2023

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, can influence gene regulation and affect phenotypic variation, raising the possibility that they contribute to ecological adaptation. Beginning to address this issue requires high‐resolution sequencing studies of natural populations to pinpoint epigenetic regions of potential ecological and evolutionary significance. However, such studies are still relatively uncommon, especially in insects, and are mainly restricted to a few model organisms. Here, we characterize patterns of DNA methylation for natural populations of Timema cristinae adapted to two host plant species (i.e. ecotypes). By integrating results from sequencing of whole transcriptomes, genomes and methylomes, we investigate whether environmental, host and genetic differences of these stick insects are associated with methylation levels of cytosine nucleotides in the CpG context. We report an overall genome‐wide methylation level for T. cristinae of ~14%, with methylation being enriched in gene bodies and impoverished in repetitive elements. Genome‐wide DNA methylation variation was strongly positively correlated with genetic distance (relatedness), but also exhibited significant host‐plant effects. Using methylome‐environment association analysis, we pinpointed specific genomic regions that are differentially methylated between ecotypes, with these regions being enriched for genes with functions in membrane processes. The observed association between methylation variation and genetic relatedness, and with the ecologically important variable of host plant, suggests a potential role for epigenetic modification in T. cristinae adaptation. To substantiate such adaptive significance, future studies could test whether methylation can be transmitted across generations and the extent to which it responds to experimental manipulation in field and laboratory studies.
Conservation genomics of an endangered montane amphibian reveals low population structure, low genomic diversity and selection pressure from disease
Authors: Trumbo D. R. , Hardy B. M. , Crockett H. J. , Muths E. , Forester B. R. , Cheek R. G. , Zimmerman S. J. , Corey‐Rivas S. , Bailey L. L. , Funk W. C.
Published: October 2023

Wildlife diseases are a major global threat to biodiversity. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) are a state‐endangered species in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, and a species of concern in Wyoming, largely due to lethal skin infections caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We performed conservation and landscape genomic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms from double‐digest, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing in combination with the development of the first boreal toad (and first North American toad) reference genome to investigate population structure, genomic diversity, landscape connectivity and adaptive divergence. Genomic diversity (π = 0.00034–0.00040) and effective population sizes (Ne = 8.9–38.4) were low, likely due to post‐Pleistocene founder effects and Bd‐related population crashes over the last three decades. Population structure was also low, likely due to formerly high connectivity among a higher density of geographically proximate populations. Boreal toad gene flow was facilitated by low precipitation, cold minimum temperatures, less tree canopy, low heat load and less urbanization. We found >8X more putatively adaptive loci related to Bd intensity than to all other environmental factors combined, and evidence for genes under selection related to immune response, heart development and regulation and skin function. These data suggest boreal toads in habitats with Bd have experienced stronger selection pressure from disease than from other, broad‐scale environmental variations. These findings can be used by managers to conserve and recover the species through actions including reintroduction and supplementation of populations that have declined due to Bd.
Ectoparasite presence and brood size manipulation interact to accelerate telomere shortening in nestling jackdaws
Authors: Badás Elisa P. , Bauch Christina , Boonekamp Jelle J. , Mulder Ellis , Verhulst Simon
Published: October 2023

Early‐life conditions impact fitness, but whether the combined effect of extrinsic stressors is additive or synergistic is not well known. This is a major knowledge gap because exposure to multiple stressors is frequent. Telomere dynamics may be instrumental when testing how stressors interact because many factors affect telomere shortening, and telomere shortening predicts survival. We evaluated the effect of manipulated brood size and natural infestation by the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus on nestling growth and telomere shortening of wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula). Telomere length, measured in blood using TRF, shortened on average by 264 bp, and on average, Carnus infection induced more telomere shortening. Further analyses showed that in enlarged broods, nestlings' telomeres shortened more when parasitized, while in reduced broods there was no effect of infection on telomere shortening. We conclude that there is a synergistic effect of number of siblings and Carnus infection on telomere shortening rate: blood‐sucking parasites may negatively impact telomeres by increasing cell proliferation and/or physiological stress, and coping with infection may be less successful in enlarged broods with increased sibling competition. Larger nestlings had shorter telomeres independent of age, brood manipulation or infection. Growth was independent of infestation but in enlarged broods, nestlings were lighter at fledging. Our findings indicate that (i) evaluating consequences of early‐life environmental conditions in isolation may not yield a full picture due to synergistic effects, and (ii) effects of environmental conditions may be cryptic, for example, on telomeres, with fitness consequences expressed beyond the temporal framework of the study.
Using a divider nudge in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases: A feasibility study using an intervention design
Authors: McGrath Greg
Published: October 2023

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of covertly modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using a visual divider nudge message (prompts) covering the entire base of shopping trolleys. Placards provided a visual representation of the recommended proportion of the trolley base that should be allocated to fruits and vegetables (implied social norm). Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one weekend day only. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non‐trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the divider nudge placards (n = 102) purchased equal weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 6.25 kg, SD = 5.60 kg, 95% CI = 5.14 kg, 7.35 kg, vs. Control: mean 6.03 kg, SD = 5.17 kg, 95% CI = 5.01 kg, 7.04 kg, p = 0.768) and spent equal amounts on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102) (Intervention: mean = $41.46, SD = $36.68, 95% CI = $34.25, $48.66, vs. Control: mean $39.85, SD = $33.30, 95% CI = $33.34, $46.39, p = 0.744). There was no difference in the total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $135.99, SD = $90.10, 95% CI = $118.29, $153.68, vs. Control: mean $155.68, SD = $96.46, 95% CI = $136.73, $174.63, p = 0.133). The divider nudge placard did not lead to any difference in shoppers' purchases of F&Vs. However, this study demonstrates the feasibility of testing a cheap, simple and easy supermarket nutrition intervention. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.
Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks for post‐dural puncture headache: A case report in a 3‐year‐old child
Authors: Bhettay Anisa , Burger Roxanne
Published: October 2023

Post‐dural puncture headache is a distressing complication that may occur after lumbar puncture or unintentional dural puncture. Risk factors in the pediatric population have not been well elicited, and the true incidence is unknown. Conservative management includes conservative physical measures and medical therapies. Epidural blood patch remains the gold standard for managing severe refractory headache, but greater occipital nerve blocks and sphenopalatine ganglion blocks have been used with success. Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks are easy to perform, minimally invasive and, in the postoperative setting where epidural analgesia is utilized, provide an alternative that should be considered.
Characteristics and onset of presentation of pediatric stiff skin syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 11 patients in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sanchez‐Espino Luis Fernando , Sibbald Cathryn , Stimec Jennifer , Laxer Ronald M. , Pope Elena
Published: October 2023

Background/Objective

Stiff skin syndrome (SSS) is a rare disorder characterized by “rock hard” indurated skin affecting different body parts. The localized variant poses a diagnostic challenge, as it is frequently mistaken for other inflammatory connective tissue disorders. The aim of this study is to provide insightful clinical, radiologic and diagnostic data that might prove useful for the evaluation, management and treatment of pediatric patients with segmental SS.

Methods

This single‐center cohort study included patients ≤18 years diagnosed with localized SSS from 1988 to 2021 in a quaternary pediatric healthcare center in Toronto, Canada. Data included demographics, clinical, histopathologic and radiologic features, treatments, and clinical course. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, medians, interquartile ranges [IQRs]) and frequencies.

Results

A total of 11 patients were included. The sclerotic changes were measured clinically and radiologically, by a total of 16 imaging studies: 13 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3 ultrasound. MRI readings showed abnormal high signal intensity of the affected tissue correlating with the anatomical site of involvement in all cases, specifically, in the shoulder/pelvic girdle with limb extension. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) demonstrated higher values within the dermis compared to the control site.

Conclusion

The presence of segmental sclerotic changes that affects the pelvic/shoulder girdle with extension to the extremities, in the absence of inflammation on biopsy and abnormal signaling intensity on imaging is suggestive of SSS. Skin SWE is a feasible, noninvasive, and objective instrument to evaluate and monitor sclerotic changes overtime, it could be potentially extrapolated to other pediatric skin sclerotic conditions.
The politics of language: Exploring the DREAMers as the “alien other” in the narratives of immigration
Authors: Dzhurova Albena
Published: October 2023

Recently, the Biden administration banned federal agencies from using the phrase “illegal alien,” replacing it with a less dehumanizing expression (e.g., noncitizen, undocumented immigrant, etc.). This article delves into the origins of the alien reference by surveying the case of the DREAMers—a small subset of immigrants brought to the United States as children. Designated as aliens in the broader immigration context, the DREAMers epitomize a problematic narrative depicting the overall “otherness” as deep‐seated in America. I impose Agamben‘s image of the homo sacer onto the conceptualization of otherness to frame the DREAMers as alienated (exempted from the limits of the political state), waiting to enter society through formal legislation. Critically examining the narratives of policy makers in Congress, I study how political elites use language to reinforce existing power structures. In the two‐decade attempt of Congress to resolve the DREAMers‘ marginalized status, they are infantilized and, hence, stigmatized anew.

Related Articles

Duman, Yoav H. 2014. “Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 187–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065.

Garrett, Terence M. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump‘s Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 372–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348.

Garrett, Terence M., and Arthur J. Sementelli. 2022. “COVID‐19, Asylum Seekers, and Migrants on the Mexico–U.S. Border: Creating States of Exception.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 872–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12484.
Exploring the association between latent Plasmopara viticola infection and downy mildew epidemic in commercial vineyards: Application of qPCR assay
Authors: Yang Lujia , Deng Jie , Chu Bingyao , Lv Xuan , Song Shuang , Zhang Yi , Sun Qiuyu , Ma Zhanhong
Published: October 2023

It is critical to quantify latent Plasmopara viticola infections in commercial vineyards rapidly and accurately to estimate the potential for grapevine downy mildew (GDM) epidemics. In this study, a well‐established quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to quantify the amount of P. viticola in asymptomatic grapevine leaves from various commercial vineyards in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China. The qPCR revealed efficient detection of P. viticola, with 56.6% and 95.8% of the asymptomatic leaves testing positive to the pathogen in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The molecular disease index (MDI), which offers insights into the progression of latent infection preceding the appearance of visible GDM symptoms, showed relatively modest values in the initial phases. However, it increased variably as grapevines grew. The disease index progress curve and the relative area under the disease progress curve revealed that all assessed vineyards experienced different degrees of epidemics after the initial GDM observation, with most vineyards experiencing more severe GDM epidemics in 2019 than in 2018. Bayesian and non‐linear regression analyses demonstrated that MDI data matched well with occurrence of GDM at early, mid and late stages of disease, and the overall accuracy of predictions exceeded 50%, 64% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, latent infection levels were positively correlated with subsequent assessments of disease progression (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence for the interrelation between latent P. viticola infections and development of GDM epidemics under field conditions. This insight has substantive implications for the formulation of effective disease management strategies.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A allele, HLA‐A*03:01:120, by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Aksenova Liliya , Andryushkina Anna V. , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: October 2023

The novel HLA‐A*03:01:120 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Using non‐chemical options in integration with reduced rates of imazethapyr in weed management of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Amini R. , Behgam M. , Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A.
Published: October 2023

In order to investigate the effects of reduced imazethapyr rates integrated with non‐chemical weed management treatments on weed control and pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed yield, the field studies were carried out at the Research Field of University of Tabriz, Iran in 2016 and 2017. The experiment was a factorial randomised complete block design with five levels of imazethapyr rates and four levels of non‐chemical managements. The weed density and biomass were reduced in all non‐chemical weed management treatments when combined with imazethapyr, compared with those treated with imazethapyr only (control). In both years, non‐chemical weed management treatments increased pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield when integrated with imazethapyr. Pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield in 2017 were greater than those in 2016 and also there was no significant difference between those in 0.75X and 1X. The relative ranking of non‐chemical weed management treatments for weed control efficacy and pinto bean seed yield was hand weeding > straw mulch > living mulch. Integration of imazethapyr with non‐chemical weed managements could increase the weed control efficacy and seed yield of pinto bean whereas would reduce herbicide application in sustainable production systems.
Efficacy and safety of articaine in 3-year-old children for dental procedures: a protocol for a clinical randomised control trial in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashdi Murad , Alhunti Atyaf , Almansour Asya
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Despite the wide use of articaine in paediatric dentistry owing to its proven effectiveness and safety, articaine application in children <4 years remains controversial due to a lack of data on the use of articaine in very young children. This trial aims to examine the efficacy and safety of 4% articaine compared with 2% mepivacaine in children 3–4 years old requiring dental extractions. We aim to assess local anaesthetic efficacy and safety through a local anaesthetic infiltration technique for primary teeth requiring dental extraction in children 3 years old.

Methods and analysis

This prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial with two parallel arms aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 4% articaine compared with 2% mepivacaine in 3-year-old children. The trial’s outcomes will be assessed by measuring the pain experienced during injection and treatment, evaluating the child’s behaviour during the procedure, and monitoring postoperative pain and complications. A total of 200 children will be included in the study, with 100 children in each arm.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study protocol and informed consent documents before initiation of the study. The IRB approval was granted by the Qassim Health Cluster under protocol number 607/43/7809. This study was also approved by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority. The study report will be disseminated through scientific forums, including peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

Saudi Clinical Trial Registry (22071802) and ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05839548).
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Terry , Walley Keith R , Boyd John H , Cawcutt Kelly A , Kalil Andre , Russell James A
Published: October 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic could impact frequency and mortality of non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Changes in frequency, patient mix, treatment and organ dysfunction could cascade together to increase mortality of CAP during compared with pre-COVID-19.

Methods

Hospitalised CAP patients at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada pre-COVID-19 (fiscal years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) were evaluated.

Results

In 5219 CAP patients, there was no significant difference prepandemic versus during pandemic in mean age, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Score. However, hospital mortality increased significantly from pre-COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 (7.5% vs 12.1% respectively, (95% CI for difference: 3.0% to 6.3%), p<0.001), a 61% relative increase, coincident with increases in ICU admission (18.3% vs 25.5%, respectively, (95% CI for difference: 5.0% to 9.5%) p<0.001, 39% relative increase) and ventilation (12.7% vs 17.5%, respectively, (95% CI for difference: 2.8% to 6.7%) p<0.001, 38% relative increase). Results remained the same after regression adjustment for age, sex and Charlson score. CAP hospital admissions decreased 27% from pre-COVID-19 (n=1349 and 1433, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively) versus the first COVID-19 pandemic year (n=1047 in 2020/2021) then rose to prepandemic number (n=1390 in 2021/2022). During prepandemic years, CAP admissions peaked in winter; during COVID-19, the CAP admissions peaked every 6 months.

Conclusions and relevance

This is the first study to show that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in hospital mortality, ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation rates of non-COVID-19 CAP and a transient, 1-year frequency decrease. There was no winter seasonality of CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic era. These novel findings could be used to guide future pandemic planning for CAP hospital care.
Nonlinear instability and scalar clouds of spherical exotic compact objects in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory
Authors: Zhang Shao-Jun
Published: October 2023

In this work, we present a new type of scalar clouds supported by spherically symmetric horizonless compact objects in the scalar-Gauss–Bonnet theory. Unlike the previous spontaneous scalarization that is triggered by the tachyonic instability, our scalarization arises from a nonlinear instability that is non-spontaneous. We explore two types of boundary conditions for the scalar field at the surface of the compact objects and find an infinite countable set of scalar clouds characterized by the number of nodes for both cases. Our study demonstrates that boundary conditions have a significant impact on the formation of scalar clouds. Specifically, for the Dirichlet boundary condition, scalarization is more likely to occur for compact objects with medium radii and becomes harder for ultra-compact and large ones. Conversely, for the Robin boundary condition, scalarization is easier for more compact objects.
Child-Robot Interaction in Healthcare: Opportunities, Challenges, and Resolutions
Authors: Olaronke Iroju
Published: October 2023

Robots are increasingly permeating the healthcare system, but limited studies exist in the field of child-robot interaction in healthcare.
Living With Robotic Companions for Better Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Jeong Sooyeon
Published: October 2023

We live in a world where interactive devices are always around. But can these technologies become more than just useful tools for us? What if there was a social robot that could act as a helpful companion and help people improve their psychological well-being in their homes?
Working Together Toward
ikigai
: Co-Designing Robots That Can Help Us Achieve Meaning and Purpose in Life
Authors: Hsu Long-Jing , Kamino Waki , Khoo Weslie , Tsui Katherine , Crandall David , Šabanović Selma
Published: October 2023

Robots are commonly envisioned as assisting older adults in physical tasks or providing companionship. But there has been less focus on helping older adults achieve more intangible, but equally important, aspects of wellness, such as a feeling of purpose and meaning in life. Here, we share our experiences working and learning together with older adults on developing a robot that can support their achievement of ikigai---meaning or purpose in life.
Comprehensive Pan‐Cancer Analysis Reveals the Potential Biological, Immunological, and Prognostic Value of NKG2A
Authors: Rong Yao , Wang Yongfeng , Tang Mingzheng , Zhang Guiqian , Yuan Yuan , Dong Fengyuan , Wu Zhihang , Ma Guorong , Liu Songhua , Zhao Xiashuang , Cai Hui
Published: October 2023

Background. NKG2A (KLRC1) belongs to the NKG2 family, which has been shown to affect the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8T cells. However, a comprehensive biological analysis and exploration of NKG2A in different cancers is lacking and this needs to be further investigated. Methods. A comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of NKG2A was performed based on multiple databases. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were used to analyze the expression profile of NKG2A in pan‐cancer. The relevance of NKG2A to the prognosis of different cancers was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, we explored the correlation between NKG2A expression and gene mutations, pathological staging, tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoints (ICPs). Finally, the expression levels of NKG2A in several cancer cell lines were verified by qRT‐PCR. Results. Pan‐cancer comprehensive analysis showed that NKG2A expression levels were significantly different between multiple cancers and corresponding normal tissues. The differential expression of NKG2A was related to the prognosis and pathological staging of patients with multiple cancers, and was closely related to the excessive infiltration of immune cells and the regulation of ICP genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT genes in many cancer types are also affected by NKG2A expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that NKG2A was associated with multiple immune‐related functions and pathways in malignant tumors. qRT‐PCR results showed that NKG2A was underexpressed in liver, gastric, and colon cancer cell lines compared to normal cells, which was consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion. The present study suggests that NKG2A may be a potential predictive biomarker for cancer immune response and prognosis.
Contract Conditions and BIM Use Effectiveness to Improve Project Performance
Authors: Manzanares Francisco Villena , García-Segura Tatiana , Pellicer Eugenio
Published: October 2023

From a technological point of view, a huge potential can be found in building information modeling (BIM) in order to significantly improve the performance of a project. However, the literature review could not provide conclusive results on the impact that contractual practices may have on how effective BIM may result in technological terms, as well as outcomes within a project itself. The aim of this research is to determine the impact contractual conditions have on the link between BIM use effectiveness and the performance of a project. A self-administered survey was distributed to project design managers within architecture, engineering and construction engineering (AEC) firms. Using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method, 92 answers were analyzed, finding contractual conditions to be mediating. These results show that appropriate conditions set in a contract with regard to handling BIM technology have a positive impact on the performance and outcomes of a project. The results, however, are only based on Spanish companies, meaning they may not necessarily be applied in global terms due to the cultural differences there may be within countries and continents, which should also be taken into account in the construction phase. Senior managers and policymakers could greatly benefit from the abovementioned findings with regard to improving contractual conditions in project design management in a BIM context, helping remove any source of conflict. It has been suggested by researchers that a gap has been found in BIM contractual practices literature, affecting not only BIM implementation but also project performance, thereby contributing to an improvement in BIM practices in construction contexts.
Embedded Parallel Implementation of LDPC Decoder for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications
Authors: Benhayoun Mhammed , Razi Mouhcine , Mansouri Anas , Ahaitouf Ali
Published: October 2023

Ultra-reliable low-latency communications, URLLC, are designed for applications such as self-driving cars and telesurgery requiring a response in milliseconds and are very sensitive to transmission errors. To match the computational complexity of LDPC decoding algorithms to URLLC applications on IoT devices having very limited computational resources, this paper presents a new parallel and low-latency software implementation of the LDPC decoder. First, a decoding algorithm optimization and a compact data structure are proposed. Next, a parallel software implementation is performed on ARM multicore platforms in order to evaluate the latency of the proposed optimization. The synthesis results highlight a reduction in the memory size requirement by 50% and a three-time speedup in terms of processing time when compared to previous software decoder implementations. The reached decoding latency on the parallel processing platform is 150 μs for 288 bits with a bit error ratio of 3.410–9.
Study on the Influence of Excavation of Superlarge and Ultra-Deep Foundation Pits on the Pile Foundation of Existing Viaducts
Authors: Zhong Wancai , Huang Nianyong , Nie Nan , Ding Haibin , Gao Feng
Published: October 2023

The rapid development of urban above- and underground transportation has brought an increasing number of deep foundation pit projects that close to existing urban viaducts. Excavation of the deep foundation pit projects leads to soil movement around the pile foundation, which adversely affects the adjacent existing pile foundation and seriously threatens the operation safety of the adjacent existing viaduct. In this paper, the three-dimensional numerical model of foundation pit excavation, viaduct, and pile foundation was established by using the MIDAS GTS against the background of the basement foundation pit project in the new Guangzhou Baiyun Station comprehensive transportation hub building, production, and life complex, where the interaction between foundation pit excavation and viaduct pile foundation was simulated. The influence of various excavation-related factors and different parameters of the pile foundation on lateral displacements of the pile body adjacent to the existing pile foundation was analyzed. The variables controlled in the numerical model included the different excavation depths of the foundation pit, the distance between the excavation surface and the adjacent pile foundation, the spatial effect of different excavation sequences, the diameter of the pile that adjacent to the existing pile foundation, and the elastic modulus of the bored occlusal pile support structure. The results indicated that the lateral displacement of the pile body of the bridge pile foundation was significantly affected by the excavation of the deep foundation pit. The excavation depth exerted the greatest influence on the lateral displacement of the pile foundation, followed by the distance between the pile foundation and the excavation surface, the excavation sequence of the foundation pit, and the elastic modulus and the diameter of the bored occlusive pile support structure. Among them, the pile foundation located at the corner of the foundation pit was negligibly affected by these influencing factors. The findings in this study can provide valuable experiences for similar projects.
Research on Compressive Tests of Iron Tailing and Cement-Modified Earth Materials from Northwest China
Authors: Lu Bai-ru , Zhang Kun , Qu Zhan
Published: October 2023

The strength of earth-modified materials is an important mechanical indicator of raw soil building materials. Iron tailings are a rich mineral waste resource with basic properties similar to river sand and can be used as a modified material for raw soil construction. To increase the utilization rate of iron tailings and improve the mechanical properties of earth materials, modification of earth materials were analyzed using iron tailings and cement. Through a single lattice theory design method, 10 different blending ratios of modified earth specimens were designed, with each group comprising six 100 mm cubic specimens. Earth specimens were used as the control group and compression tests carried out under standard curing conditions, with analysis of the failure mode, compressive strength, deformation, and load–displacement curve for each specimen. Also, the reasons for specimen failures were examined, including the influence of strength, dispersion, and implications of load–displacement curves. The optimal mix ratio of modified materials was determined using frequency domain analysis method. The results showed that the load–displacement curves of materials with different material ratios were basically similar and the slope and discreteness of the curves quite different. Increased tailings and cement content improved the compressive strength of earth materials and increased the discreteness of the material. Through frequency analysis, it was obtained that when the content of tailings was 12.1%–19.5%, cement content 13.9%–19.1%, and earth 65.5%–69.9%, there was a 95% of the guaranteed rate of compressive strength of iron tailings and cement-modified earth materials between 6 and 9 MPa. Iron tailings can, thus, be used as the preferred material for modifying earth materials; single lattice theory can be used as the design method for mixing experiments, and frequency domain analysis can be an effective calculation method for optimizing mixing design. Adding cement and iron tailings to modify the raw soil formula can provide reference for the selection of basic materials for raw soil construction.
Study on the Potential Mechanism of Traditional Marine Chinese Medicine Beishashen in Preventing Lung Injury Induced by Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Yu Bin , Wang Maoru , Jia Lina , Xu Hui , Zhu Yuanying , Wu Yan , Luo Ting , Zhou Yubing , Ning Hong
Published: October 2023

Lung injury after chemoradiotherapy is a common adverse reaction that is caused by radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Beishashen is a traditional marine Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological properties. The previous research reported that it has a potential prevention effect on injuries caused by radiation and chemotherapy drugs, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Consequently, this study is based on bioinformatics and other methods, focusing on exploring the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of Beishashen in preventing lung injury after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study used network pharmacology methods to identify the bioactive compounds of Beishashen in order to better understand its therapeutic radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and chemotherapy-induced lung injury (CILI) molecular mechanisms. We found that the role of Beishashen in preventing RILI and CILI involved several main pathways, especially the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. PTGS2, PIK3CG, and RXRA were considered as key targets. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed good binding between the active ingredients and key targets, especially between alloisoimperatorin and RXRA. This study revealed the role of Beishashen in some potential regulating signal pathways in the treatment and prevention of RILI and CILI. Quercetin and alloisoimperatorin were the main active ingredients with low toxicity and can effectively bind with key targets. These findings provided important insights into the potential use of Beishashen for RILI and CILI.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics: An Application for Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Ben Xin-Yu , Tian Meng-Si , Zheng Hui-Hui , Wang Ya-Ru , Cui Tian-Wei , Ren Rui , Yi Xi-Nan , Li Qi-Fu
Published: October 2023

The skin covers the entire outer part of the body as the largest organ. Because this organ is directly exposed to microbial, thermal, mechanical, and chemical damage, several factors may injure it, including acute trauma, chronic wounds, or even surgical procedures. Mesenchymal stem cells‐ (MSCs‐) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can inhibit the inflammatory response in the early stage of skin wound healing, promote angiogenesis and the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells, and regulate collagen synthesis and inhibit scar proliferation in the later stage. While MSCs‐EVs have broad prospects for clinical applications, it will still be a long way to seamless healing. In this brief review, we focus on the role of MSCs‐EV in skin wound repair, therapeutic effects, and potential mechanisms of MSCs‐EV in reducing scar formation. It is concluded that MSCs‐EV can reduce scar formation in skin wound repair by interfering with multiple inflammatory factors, regulating fibroblast proliferation, and expressing type I and type III collagens at different phases.
New Fixed Point Theorems for
θ
−
ω
−
Contraction on

λ
,
μ

-Generalized Metric Spaces
Authors: Kari Abdelkarim , Al-Rawashdeh Ahmed
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider a new extension of the Banach contraction principle, which is called the

θ
−
ω
−

contraction inspired by the concept of

θ
−

contraction in

λ
,
μ

-generalized metric spaces and to study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point for the mappings in metric space. Moreover, we discuss some illustrative examples to highlight the improvements that were made, and we also give an iterated application of linear integral equations.