bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Assessment Practices with Moodle: A Comprehensive Study on Teachers’ Use of Different Question Types and the Impact of FastTest PlugIn
Authors: Huerta-Gomez-Merodio Milagros , Requena-Garcia-Cruz Maria-Victoria
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the evolution of online assessment practices through Moodle, a leading Learning Management System (LMS). It explores Moodle’s array of question types alongside the transformative impact of FastTest PlugIn (FTP) on educators’ assessment methods during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines the efficacy of various question types and import formats for large-scale question elaboration. Surveys have been conducted before and after developing courses to train educators on FTP. By analysing trends before and after adopting FTP, the study aims to gain insight into how educators from different universities and disciplines have adapted their assessment strategies among technological advancements. The introduction of FTP has significantly simplified question creation and integration within Moodle. The study also highlights differences in assessment practices between STEM and non-STEM disciplines. Surveys indicate that, following the FTP training course, the use of all question types has increased: Matching (35%), Missing Word (39%), and Cloze (22%). This work provides a comprehensive overview of current LMS trends and Moodle’s evolving role in educational technology. It emphasises the impact of technological advancements, such as FTP, on assessment practices and aims to offer actionable insights for enhancing online assessments.
Towards Reliable ECG Analysis: Addressing Validation Gaps in the Electrocardiographic R-Peak Detection
Authors: Ali Syed Talha Abid , Kim Sebin , Kim Young-Joon
Published: November 2024

Electrocardiographic (ECG) R-peak detection is essential for every sensor-based cardiovascular health monitoring system. To validate R-peak detectors, comparing the predicted results with reference annotations is crucial. This comparison is typically performed using tools provided by the waveform database (WFDB) or custom methods. However, many studies fail to provide detailed information on the validation process. The literature also highlights inconsistencies in reporting window size, a crucial parameter used to compare predictions with expert annotations to distinguish false peaks from the true R-peak. Additionally, there is also a need for uniformity in reporting the total number of beats for individual or collective records of the widely used MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Thus, we aim to review validation methods of various R-peak detection methodologies before their implementation in real time. This review discusses the impact of non-beat annotations when using a custom validation method, allowable window tolerance, the effects of window size deviations, and implications of varying numbers of beats and skipping segments on ECG testing, providing a comprehensive guide for researchers. Addressing these validation gaps is critical as they can significantly affect validatory outcomes. Finally, the conclusion section proposes a structured concept as a future approach, a guide to integrate WFDB R-peak validation tools for testing any QRS annotated ECG database. Overall, this review underscores the importance of complete transparency in reporting testing procedures, which prevents misleading assessments of R-peak detection algorithms and enables fair methodological comparison.
Geophysical Coupling Before Three Earthquake Doublets Around the Arabian Plate
Authors: Ghamry Essam , Marchetti Dedalo , Metwaly Mohamed
Published: November 2024

In this study, we analysed lithospheric, atmospheric, and top-side ionospheric magnetic field data six months before the three earthquake doublets occurred in the last ten years around the Arabian tectonic plate. They occurred in 2014, close to Dehloran (Iran), in 2018, offshore Kilmia (Yemen) and in 2022, close to Bandar-e Lengeh (Iran). For all the cases, we considered the equivalent event in terms of total released energy and mean epicentral coordinates. The lithosphere was investigated by calculating the cumulative Benioff strain with the USGS earthquake catalogue. Several atmospheric parameters (aerosol, SO2, CO, surface air temperature, surface latent heat flux humidity, and dimethyl sulphide) have been monitored using the homogeneous data from the MERRA-2 climatological archive. We used the three-satellite Swarm constellation for magnetic data, analysing the residuals after removing a geomagnetic model. The analysis of the three geo-layers depicted an interesting chain of lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere anomalies, suggesting a geophysical coupling before the Dehloran (Iran) 2014 earthquake. In addition, we identified interesting seismic accelerations that preceded the last 20 days, the Kilmia (Yemen) 2018 and Bandar-e Lengeh (Iran) 2022 earthquake doublets. Other possible interactions between the geolayers have been observed, and this underlines the importance of a multiparametric approach to properly understand a geophysical complex topic as the preparation phase of an earthquake.
Research on Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Jilin City in 2022
Authors: Fang Chunsheng , Zou Sainan , Zhou Xiaowei , Wang Ju
Published: November 2024

The increasing Ozone (O3) concentration in various regions of China has garnered significant attention, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms of O3 formation. This study focuses on the source apportionment of O3 in Jilin City during and after the COVID-19 lockdown countermeasure, and also the influence of anthropogenic emissions on O3 concentration. The contributions of different O3 emission sources were quantified using the Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model in conjunction with the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM). The results indicate a significant increase in O3 concentrations during the lockdown in Jilin City, which were particularly characterized by long-distance transportation. Transportation is identified as the primary direct source of O3 in Jilin City, with Yongji County contributing the most among the six designated regions. This study highlights variations in the causes and sources of O3 pollution among the different regions of Jilin City. Simply controlling anthropogenic emissions is inadequate for effectively managing O3 pollution and may even worsen the situation. It is more effective to focus on controlling O3’s precursors. These findings improve the understanding of O3 pollution in Jilin City and provide valuable insights for developing O3 control policies. Similarly, this research is applicable to other countries and regions.
The Reliability of a Class of Two-Layer Networks with Unreliable Edges
Authors: Xie Sun , Zhao Haixing , Yin Jun
Published: November 2024

It is well known that networks are dynamic graphs, and the topology of a network can be described by a graph. Thus, the reliability of a network under edge failure is defined as the probability that its corresponding topological graph remains connected under the condition that the edges fail with independent probabilities. In this paper, the reliability of a class of two-layer networks is considered, where each layer is a complete graph and the edges joining different layers are one-to-one correspondingly connected. The edge failure probability is uniform in the same layer and distinct in different layers and between layers. The recursive formula for the reliability (reliability polynomial) of the two-layer network is obtained, and the corresponding algorithm is also given. Furthermore, the reliability of several networks is computed by Python, which verifies the correctness of the algorithm.
Existence of Solutions for Nonlinear Choquard Equations with (p, q)-Laplacian on Finite Weighted Lattice Graphs
Authors: Yang Dandan , Bai Zhenyu , Bai Chuanzhi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider the (p,q)-Laplacian Choquard equation on a finite weighted lattice graph G=(KN,E,μ,ω), namely for any 1
1 and 0<α<N, −Δpu−Δqu+V(x)(|u|p−2u+|u|q−2u)=∑y∈KN,y≠x|u(y)|rd(x,y)N−α|u|r−2u, where Δν is the discrete ν-Laplacian on graphs, and ν∈{p.q}, V(x) is a positive function. Under some suitable conditions on r, we prove that the above equation has both a mountain pass solution and ground state solution. Our research relies on the mountain pass theorem and the method of the Nehari manifold. The results obtained in this paper are extensions of some known studies.
Superposition and Interaction Dynamics of Complexitons, Breathers, and Rogue Waves in a Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs Model for Drift Cyclotron Waves in Superconductors
Authors: Saber Hicham , Suhail Muntasir , Alsulami Amer , Aldwoah Khaled , Mustafa Alaa , Hassan Mohammed
Published: November 2024

This article implements the Hirota bilinear (HB) transformation technique to the Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs (LGH) model to explore the nonlinear evolution behavior of the equation, which describes drift cyclotron waves in superconductivity. Utilizing the Cole–Hopf transform, the HB equation is derived, and symbolic manipulation combined with various auxiliary functions (AFs) are employed to uncover a diverse set of analytical solutions. The study reveals novel results, including multi-wave complexitons, breather waves, rogue waves, periodic lump solutions, and their interaction phenomena. Additionally, a range of traveling wave solutions, such as dark, bright, periodic waves, and kink soliton solutions, are developed using an efficient expansion technique. The nonlinear dynamics of these solutions are illustrated through 3D and contour maps, accompanied by detailed explanations of their physical characteristics.
On the Lanczos Method for Computing Some Matrix Functions
Authors: Gu Ying , Srivastava Hari Mohan , Liu Xiaolan
Published: November 2024

The study of matrix functions is highly significant and has important applications in control theory, quantum mechanics, signal processing, and machine learning. Previous work has mainly focused on how to use the Krylov-type method to efficiently calculate matrix functions f(A)β and βTf(A)β when A is symmetric. In this paper, we mainly illustrate the convergence using the polynomial approximation theory for the case where A is symmetric positive definite. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Time Scale Transformation in Bivariate Pearson Diffusions: A Shift from Light to Heavy Tails
Authors: Šuvak Nenad
Published: November 2024

Heavy-tailed Pearson diffusions provide a natural alternative to well-known Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and Cox–Ingersoll–Ross processes in applications that require addressing heavy-tailed behavior. In this paper, all three heavy-tailed Pearson diffusions, having inverse gamma, Fisher–Snedecor and Student stationary distributions, are constructed via an absolutely continuous time-change process employed in a specific functional transformation of CIR or OU. Moreover, time-change rates in stochastic clocks are continuous functionals of the CIR process.
Existence of Nontrivial Solutions for Boundary Value Problems of Fourth-Order Differential Equations
Authors: Li Hongyu
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the solvability problem of fourth-order differential equations with two-point boundary conditions; specifically, conclusions regarding sign-changing solutions are obtained. The methods used in this article are fixed-point theorems on lattices. Firstly, under some sublinear conditions, the existence of three nontrivial solutions is demonstrated, including a sign-changing solution, a negative solution and a positive solution. Secondly, under some unilaterally asymptotically linear and superlinear conditions, the existence of at least one sign-changing solution is proved. Finally, this article provides several specific examples to illustrate the obtained conclusions.
Acoustic Drift: Generating Helicity and Transferring Energy
Authors: Morgulis Andrey
Published: November 2024

This article studies the general properties of the Stokes drift field. This name is commonly used for the correction added to the mean Eulerian velocity for describing the averaged transport of the material particles by the oscillating fluid flows. Stokes drift is widely known mainly in connection with another feature of oscillating flows known as steady streaming, which has been and remains the focus of a multitude of studies. However, almost nothing is known about Stokes drift in general, e.g., about its energy or helicity (Hopf’s invariant). We address these quantities for acoustic drift driven by simple sound waves with finite discrete Fourier spectra. The results discover that the mean drift energy is partly localized on a certain resonant set, which we have described explicitly. Moreover, the mean drift helicity turns out to be completely localized on the same set. We also present several simple examples to discover the effect of the power spectrum and positioning of the spectral atoms. It is revealed that tuning them can drastically change both resonant and non-resonant energies, zero the helicity, or even increase it unboundedly.
In Vitro Verification of Simulated Daily Activities Using Implant-Specific Kinematics from In Vivo Measurements
Authors: Behnam Yashar A. , Anantha Krishnan Ahilan , List Renate , Clary Chadd W.
Published: November 2024

The mechanism and boundary conditions used to drive experimental joint simulators have historically adopted standardized profiles developed from healthy, non-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The purpose of this study was to use implant-specific in vivo knee kinematics to generate physiologically relevant boundary conditions used in the evaluation of cadaveric knees post-TKA. Implant-specific boundary conditions were generated by combining in vivo fluoroscopic kinematics, musculoskeletal modeling-generated quadriceps loading, and telemetric knee compressive loading during activities of daily living (ADL) to dynamically drive a servo-hydraulic knee joint simulator. Ten cadaveric knees were implanted with the same TKA components and mounted in the knee simulator to verify the resulting load profiles against reported fluoroscopic kinematics and loading captured by an ultra-congruent telemetric knee implant. The cadaveric simulations resulted in implant-specific boundary conditions, which accurately recreate the in vivo performance of the like-implanted knee, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in femoral low point kinematics below 2.0 mm across multiple activities of daily living. This study demonstrates the viability of in vivo fluoroscopy as the source of relevant boundary conditions for a novel knee loading apparatus, enabling dynamic cadaveric knee loading that aligns with clinical observations to improve the preclinical development of TKA component design.
The Co-Piloting Model for Using Artificial Intelligence Systems in Medicine: Implementing the Constrained-Disorder-Principle-Based Second-Generation System
Authors: Ilan Yaron
Published: November 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-based systems in medicine is growing, and these systems are being used for disease diagnosis, drug development, and treatment personalization. Some of these systems are designed to perform activities that demand human cognitive function. However, use of these systems in routine care by patients and caregivers lags behind expectations. This paper reviews several challenges that healthcare systems face and the obstacles of integrating digital systems into routine care. This paper focuses on integrating digital systems with human physicians. It describes second-generation AI systems designed to move closer to biology and reduce complexity, augmenting but not replacing physicians to improve patient outcomes. The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines complex biological systems by their degree of regulated variability. This paper describes the CDP-based second-generation AI platform, which is the basis for the Digital Pill that is humanizing AI by moving closer to human biology via using the inherent variability of biological systems for improving outcomes. This system augments physicians, assisting them in decision-making to improve patients’ responses and adherence but not replacing healthcare providers. It restores the efficacy of chronic drugs and improves adherence while generating data-driven therapeutic regimens. While AI can substitute for many medical activities, it is unlikely to replace human physicians. Human doctors will continue serving patients with capabilities augmented by AI. The described co-piloting model better reflects biological pathways and provides assistance to physicians for better care.
The Impacts of Volcanic Activity on Microbial Growth—A Simulation Experiment in the Qiliao Section in Shizhu County, Chongqing, China
Authors: Wang Chaoyong , Che Qianjin , Luo Bin , Zhu Yuxuan , Liu Jie , Tang Mengmeng
Published: November 2024

The impact of volcanic activity on microorganisms has always been a hot topic of discussion during geological history. Further studies are needed on the effects of volcanic activity on microbial growth in shale and the differences in nutrients provided by volcanic ash and other weathered rocks. This study’s results indicated that TOC contents at the bottom of the shale layer are 1.93–4.44% and 3.0% on average. The TOC contents at the top of the layer are 3.38–5.13% and 4.0% on average. It indicated that TOC contents at the bottom of the shale layer are smaller than the TOC contents at the top of the layer, suggesting that volcanic activity posed a long-term effect on biological growth. Seven different leachate concentrations were set in this experiment as follows: 1/10, 1/100, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/1500, 1/2000, and 1/2500. The results showed that the growth status of Pseudourostyla crassipes was affected by the addition of leachates with different concentrations compared to the control group. Additionally, the synthesis of chlorophyll a by Anabaena pseudoichthyoides was the most efficient with the 1/10 volcanic ash leachate. Through the analysis of major and trace elements in the solution before labeland after cultivation, the main elemental content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ decreased by 3.8~87.24%, 75.96~92.70%, 86.56~95.67%, and 5.42~20.52% in the solution after microbial growth respectively. The trace elements B, Ba, Zn, and Fe decreased by 27.54~94.39%, 20~82.03%, 70.45~98.29%, and 99%. It was found that the B, Ba, Fe, and Zn elements decreased significantly. The nutrients from volcanic ash are the main factor promoting microbial growth. It can be indicated that the volcanic ash soaking solution has a higher content of nutrients when compared to the solubility of nutrients in volcanic ash compared to that of granite. A higher content of nutrients promotes microbial growth. The calculation results indicate that a volcanic eruption with a quantity of several 1010 m3 has a significant impact on microorganisms, lasting from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years.
Molecular Profiling of Mouse Models of Loss or Gain of Function of the KCNT1 (Slack) Potassium Channel and Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatment
Authors: Sun Fangxu , Wang Huafeng , Wu Jing , Quraishi Imran H. , Zhang Yalan , Pedram Maysam , Gao Benbo , Jonas Elizabeth A. , Nguyen Viet , Wu Sijia , Mabrouk Omar S. , Jafar-nejad Paymaan , Kaczmarek Leonard K.
Published: November 2024

The potassium sodium-activated channel subtype T member 1 (KCNT1) gene encodes the Slack channel KNa1.1, which is expressed in neurons throughout the brain. Gain-of-function variants in KCNT1 are associated with a spectrum of epilepsy syndromes, and mice carrying those variants exhibit a robust phenotype similar to that observed in patients. Kcnt1 knockout (KO) mice, however, have a normal lifespan without any epileptic phenotype. To understand the molecular differences between these two models, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the cerebral cortices of Kcnt1 KO and Kcnt1R455H/+ mice, an animal model bearing a cytoplasmic C-terminal mutation homologous to a human R474H variant that results in EIMFS. The greatest change observed in Kcnt1 KO mice compared to the wild-type mice was the increased expression of multiple proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron microscopy studies of cortical mitochondria from Kcnt1 KO mice further confirmed a significant increase in the density of mitochondrial cristae compared to that in wild-type mice. Kcnt1 reduction by a murine-specific Kcnt1 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in Kcnt1R455H/+ mice partially corrected the proteomic dysregulations in the disease model. The results support the hypothesis that ASO-mediated KCNT1 reduction could be therapeutically useful in the treatment of KCNT1 epilepsies.
Resveratrol Inhibits Nucleosome Binding and Catalytic Activity of PARP1
Authors: Koshkina Darya O. , Maluchenko Natalya V. , Korovina Anna N. , Lobanova Angelina A. , Feofanov Alexey V. , Studitsky Vasily M.
Published: November 2024

The natural polyphenol resveratrol is a biologically active compound that interacts with DNA and affects the activity of some nuclear enzymes. Its effect on the interaction between nucleosomes and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and on the catalytic activity of PARP1 was studied using Western blotting, spectrophotometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and single particle Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy. Resveratrol inhibited PARP1 activity at micro- and sub-micromolar concentrations, but the inhibitory effect decreased at higher concentrations due to the aggregation of the polyphenol. The inhibition of PARP1 by resveratrol was accompanied by its binding to the enzyme catalytic center and a subsequent decrease in PARP1 affinity to nucleosomal DNA. Concurrent binding of talazoparib to the substrate binding pocket of PARP1, which occurs in the presence of resveratrol, restores the interaction of PARP1 with nucleosomes, suggesting that the binding sites of resveratrol and talazoparib overlap. The data suggest that resveratrol can be classified as a natural inhibitor of PARP1.
Research Advances in Adenomyosis-Related Signaling Pathways and Promising Targets
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Li Chaoming , Li Wenyan , Xin Wenhu , Qin Tiansheng
Published: November 2024

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological condition characterized by the proliferation of the endometrial stroma and glands into the myometrium, uterine volume enlargement, and peripheral smooth muscle hypertrophy. The typical clinical symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and subfertility, all of which significantly impact quality of life. There are no effective prevention or treatment strategies for adenomyosis, partly due to a limited understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease. Given that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the development of adenomyosis, a better understanding of these signaling pathways is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and advancing drug development. The occurrence and progression of adenomyosis are closely linked to various underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including proliferation, migration, invasion, fibrosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune response, and epigenetic changes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and targets associated with the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, including CXCL/CXCR, NLRP3, NF-κB, TGF-β/smad, VEGF, Hippo/YAP, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and other relevant pathways. In addition, it identifies promising future targets for the development of adenomyosis treatment, such as m6A, GSK3β, sphks, etc.
Correction: Giri et al. Improving Protein–Ligand Interaction Modeling with cryo-EM Data, Templates, and Deep Learning in 2021 Ligand Model Challenge. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 132
Authors: Giri Nabin , Cheng Jianlin
Published: November 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Stannous Chloride-Modified Glass Substrates for Biomolecule Immobilization: Development of Label-Free Interferometric Sensor Chips for Highly Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn
Authors: Orlov Alexey V. , Zolotova Maria O. , Novichikhin Denis O. , Belyakov Nikolai A. , Protasova Svetlana G. , Nikitin Petr I. , Sinolits Artem V.
Published: November 2024

This study presents the development of stannous chloride (SnCl2)-modified glass substrates for biomolecule immobilization and their application in fabricating sensor chips for label-free interferometric biosensors. The glass modification process was optimized, identifying a 5% SnCl2 concentration, a 45 min reaction time, and a 150 °C drying temperature as conditions for efficient protein immobilization. Based on the SnCl2-modified glass substrates and label-free spectral-phase interferometry, a biosensor was developed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)—a highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminant in agricultural products. The biosensor realizes a competitive immunoassay of a remarkable detection limit as low as 26 pg/mL of AFB1, and a five-order dynamic range. The biosensor performance was validated using real corn flour samples contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. The proposed approach not only provides a powerful tool for AFB1 detection for food safety monitoring but also demonstrates the potential of SnCl2-modified substrates as a versatile platform for the development of next-generation biosensors.
Utilizing Multiple Triboelectric Nanogenerator Sensors and Signal Processing Technology for Monitoring Periodic Leg Movements of Sleep
Authors: Jiang Zongyi , Wang Yunzhong , Tohl Damian , Fang Liming , Tang Youhong
Published: November 2024

High-quality sleep is essential for both physiological and cognitive functions. However, periodic leg movements of sleep (PLMS), an involuntary phenomenon during sleep, affects millions of people worldwide, contributing to sleep fragmentation and functional impairments. The accurate monitoring of PLMS is important for identifying and addressing these issues. Traditional methods, such as polysomnography (PSG), which monitor the bare tibialis muscle movements in clinical environments, may not adequately reflect the natural sleep patterns at home. They are costly and unsuitable for long-term studies. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using flexible sensors for sleep monitoring. Previous studies have applied triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as flexible sensors to detect muscle movements during sleep. However, distinguishing true PLMS from false signals caused by external factors, such as blankets, remains a challenge. This study proposes a method using three TENG sensors placed on the dorsum, ankle, and tibialis, respectively, along with signal processing techniques to enhance the accuracy of PLMS detection. This study provides a cost-effective, comfortable method for PLMS monitoring, with the potential for widespread use in home-based sleep studies and long-term care in the future.
Electrochemical Determination of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide with an Epitope-Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensor
Authors: Liu Kai-Hsi , Thomas James L. , Chu Pei-Chia , Ciou Jing-Chen , Chen Chuen-Yau , Lin Hung-Yin , Lee Mei-Hwa
Published: November 2024

B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) are produced and secreted by the myocardium to reduce blood pressure and cardiac load. They cause vasodilation, natriuresis, growth suppression, and inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The measurement of plasma BNP levels provides clinically useful information concerning the diagnosis and management of left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, complementing other diagnostic testing procedures. In this work, three epitopes from the N-terminal (BNPnt), C-terminal (BNPct), and the cystine-bridged cyclic peptides (BNPr) of B-type natriuretic peptides were synthesized as templates for molecular imprinting. These peptides were doped into aniline (AN) and m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (MSAN) for electropolymerization, thus forming epitope-imprinted poly(AN-co-MSAN) conductive films (EIPs). The monomer ratio was optimized using the electrochemical signals during polymerization. The optimized films were then characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and AC impedance. The electrochemical response of the films to the target peptides and to BNP was then measured. The sensing range of the EIPs-coated electrodes was from 0.001 to 1000 pg/mL for BNP. Finally, the BNP concentration in diluted serum samples was measured with the BNPrIP-coated electrode, giving 3.15 ± 0.07 pg/mL. By spiking the sample with known BNP concentrations, the accuracy was determined to be better than ±5%.
Forms of Calling and Helping Behaviors at Work: Psychological Entitlement and Moral Duty as Mediators
Authors: Park Sang Woo , Sohn Young Woo
Published: November 2024

Even though calling researchers have identified two major forms of calling, namely modern and neoclassical, existing studies do not agree on whether these two forms are consistent or different in their mechanisms and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether modern and neoclassical calling are both indirectly related to unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the mediating roles of psychological entitlement and moral duty. Additionally, this study also aimed to investigate whether psychological entitlement functions as a mediator greater in magnitude for modern calling, whereas moral duty functions as a mediator greater in magnitude for neoclassical calling. Results from 463 employees in South Korea from two time points at 1 month interval revealed that both modern and neoclassical calling were indirectly positively related to UPB through psychological entitlement and indirectly positively related to OCB through moral duty. There was insufficient evidence to support the notion that the mediators would be different in magnitude based on the form of calling. Thus, this study demonstrates the double-edged nature of calling in relation to OCB and UPB. Additionally, it suggests that the outcomes of employees’ calling at work may depend more on the strength rather than the form of their calling. The implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Social Representation of Mental Health Disorders in the Italian Big Brother VIP Edition
Authors: Scardigno Rosa , Gambarrota Raffaella , Centonze Laura
Published: November 2024

Despite the revolutionary impact of new media, television remains a socially shared reference point for media functions, e.g., information, entertainment, and hybridized genres. Through its simplified knowledge and scripts, television reduces cognitive asymmetry between experts and the public on general and specific topics, thus having a critical role in constructing social representations. This work examines two (apparently) distant realities, i.e., mental health as a fundamental aspect of public health and popular and “light” entertainment formats like reality shows. In the past, researchers investigated media representation of mental illness in general terms alongside other types of programs, e.g., coming-of-age, dramedy television series, and children’s television programs. This study examines how depression is discursively constructed and socially represented in a case that shook the Italian public opinion, i.e., a Big Brother VIP cast member with depression symptoms. The critical discourse analysis, focusing on positioning and representations about depression, enabled us to emphasize that (1) knowledge about depression is poorly defined and participants’ reactions are mostly immature and clumsy, and (2) mass media can play an essential role in creating more mindful and complete knowledge about mental health.
Death Anxiety and Resilience in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Attachment Patterns
Authors: Bergman Yoav S.
Published: November 2024

The unique human awareness of the fact that life is finite, and that death is unavoidable has been shown to elicit negative psychological consequences across the life cycle. However, research has demonstrated that the ability to seek, maintain, and gain comfort from close relationships mitigates the adverse psychological effects of death awareness/anxiety. Moreover, relatively little is known about how death anxiety and social relationships in old age are associated with resilience, an important personal protective factor for dealing with general and age-related difficulties. Accordingly, the current work examined the links between death anxiety and resilience in older adults and explored the potential moderating role of attachment patterns for this link. Data were collected from 369 older Israeli adults (Mage = 73.15, SD = 6.31, range = 60–94), who completed scales examining death anxiety, attachment patterns, and resilience, as well as sociodemographic scales. The results demonstrated that death anxiety, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance were associated with reduced resilience. Moreover, the death anxiety-resilience link was not significant for individuals reporting high or low levels of both attachment anxiety and avoidance. The findings are discussed through the prism of Terror Management Theory, and practical implications are suggested.
Implications of Self-Other Overlap for Cyber Dating Abuse in Young Adult Romantic Partners
Authors: Parise Miriam , Donato Silvia , Pagani Ariela Francesca
Published: November 2024

Social network sites (SNSs) have brought about profound changes in the way people relate to others, including their romantic partners. Despite the advantages SNSs may have for building and managing romantic relationships, their use can be linked to risky behaviors within romantic relationships, such as the emergence of jealousy, control, and intrusiveness, i.e., cyber dating abuse (CDA) behaviors. The present study, in a sample of 315 Italian young adults involved in a romantic relationship (74.6 percent women and 25.4 percent men) aged 20 to 33 years (M = 24.17; SD = 2.60), explored CDA behaviors and their association with self-other overlap. Findings showed a positive association between self-other overlap and the frequency of CDA behaviors. That is, those who struggled to recognize their partners as different from themselves tended to control and enact intrusive behaviors toward them. This association, however, was moderated by the partners’ relationship duration, so that it was only significant for partners in a long-term relationship. The study expands our understanding of CDA behaviors in romantic relationships, contributing to identifying the conditions under which they are more likely to be perpetrated. In addition, it helps inform interventions for preventing risky behaviors within young adults’ romantic relationships.
Spatiotemporal Moisture Field
Authors: Fuciman Ondřej , Matějka Libor
Published: November 2024

For monitoring capillary moisture conduction, the most important parameter is the moisture conductivity coefficient, which is a material characteristic; however, its use in practical calculations is not very common. For further development in the field of liquid moisture propagation, an automated measuring apparatus has been developed and granted a European patent. Its essence lies in detecting the liquid water content based on a well-known physical phenomenon: electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range. The determination of the spatiotemporal moisture field is the first and fundamental step for describing transportation phenomena. The moisture field thus created allows for the viewing of the moisture conductivity coefficient, which is one of the most important parameters in describing transportation phenomena as a function of moisture. The presence of water in building materials can significantly affect their physical properties, such as mechanical or thermal–technical characteristics. This may lead to unacceptable consequences, which might only manifest after a certain period of time. In the case of multi-layered structures, moisture can transfer from one material to another. Therefore, it is essential to address this process. The advantage of the software solution described by the methodology is the use of an open communication protocol in the form of a synchronized array, which is not common in typical applications of this type. The principle of separating hardware modules is also unusual for devices of this type, as it requires the independent communication of each module with the control software. Mutual communication is handled exclusively at the software level, making it possible to modify, optimize, or parameterize the procedures as needed. Upon closer examination of the wetting curves of various materials, anomalies were revealed in some of their structures. This can be advantageously utilized in the research of newly developed composite materials. The assembled system of measuring instruments, their software integration, and control provide a foundation for the practical application of the described procedures and methods for determining the moisture field of building materials. The parameterization of individual processes, as well as the open access to data, allows for the optimization of the methodology, as materials of entirely different characteristics may require an individual approach, which will certainly contribute to the advancement of science and research in this area. Currently, this work is being followed by further extensive studies, not yet published by the authors, focusing on the application of the described moisture field to evaluate the moisture conductivity coefficient as a function dependent on the material’s mass moisture content. Their application requires specific mathematical and programming approaches due to the significant volume of data involved.
A Systematic Mapping Study and a Review of the Optimization Methods of Structures in Architectural Design
Authors: Izumi Bunji , Luczkowski Marcin , Labonnote Nathalie , Manum Bendik , Rønnquist Anders
Published: November 2024

Structural optimization has gained popularity in modern structural design, helping to reduce material consumption while maintaining the structural performance of buildings. This process also significantly influences the architectural appearance, affecting various aspects such as cross-section sizing, structural forms, and the layout of structural members. Beyond minimizing materials or costs, structural optimization can serve as a powerful tool for making architecture more visually appealing. However, with the wide variety of structural optimization methods proposed, gaining a comprehensive overview has become challenging. To address this, a systematic mapping study has been conducted, focusing on methods introduced over the past decade. The relevant journal articles are categorized based on several factors, including types of optimization, materials used, structural typologies, areas of application, and optimization objectives. The results of this study provide both a broad overview of recent developments in structural optimization and valuable insights into research-rich and under-explored areas. Moreover, the paper discusses which types of structural optimization are more relevant when applied as part of the architectural design process. It is suggested that future research should focus on identifying gaps and challenges in effectively applying structural optimization to architectural design, thus enhancing both efficiency and aesthetic potential.
Research on Temporal–Spatial Partition Control Strategies for Luminous and Thermal Environment in High Space of Gymnasiums
Authors: Wu Yanpeng , Guo Kaikai , Li Shaoxiong , Jin Meitong
Published: November 2024

The lighting design of large-space buildings in gymnasiums can impact the indoor luminous and thermal environment, resulting in an uneven light and thermal distribution. This paper investigates the luminous and thermal environment control strategies for high spaces in gymnasiums, by simulating the luminous and thermal environment under different lighting forms and establishing a comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the weights of the indoor luminous environment, thermal environment, and comprehensive energy consumption change with season and time under different lighting forms, which provides a basis for developing a temporal–spatial partition control strategy. The temporal–spatial partition control strategy is proposed for summer and winter, including the shading angle control under the lighting forms of south-facing side windows, west-facing side windows, and top skylights. Under summer conditions, the south-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 10:00 and 14:00 to 16:00, and the shading angle is 0° from 10:00 to 14:00; the west-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 14:00, the shading angle is 0° from 14:00 to 15:00, and the shading angle is 15° from 15:00 to 16:00; and the top skylight has a shade angle of 15° from 8:00 to 9:00, 30° from 9:00 to 11:00, 45° from 11:00 to 13:00, and no shade from 13:00 to 16:00. Under winter conditions, the south-facing side windows have no shading all day; the west-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 14:00, and the shading angle is 30° from 14:00 to 16:00; and the top skylight has no shading from 8:00 to 13:00, a shading angle of 45° from 13:00 to 15:00, and a shading angle of 75° from 15:00 to 16:00. This paper provides a set of scientific and reasonable luminous and thermal environment regulation strategies for large-space buildings, which can help optimize the building energy consumption and improve the indoor environment quality.
Parameter Study and Optimization of Static Performance for a Hybrid Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge
Authors: Peng Zhou , Jia Lijun , Xu Jiawei , Luo Kedian , Pei Huiteng
Published: November 2024

The hybrid cable-stayed and suspension (HCSS) bridge is known for its stability and cost-effectiveness, with significant application potential. This study examined the static performance of an HCSS bridge with a 1440 m main span. A finite element model (FEM) was developed to assess key parameters, such as the span-to-rise ratio, cable-to-hanger ratio, pylon stiffness, steel–concrete interface, and cable stiffness. Through FEM analysis and parameter optimization using the zero-order and first-order optimization methods in an ANSYS module, key design variables were optimized. The results show that an inappropriate span-to-rise ratio negatively impacts mid-span girder forces, while increasing the cable-stayed area enhances the overall stiffness. Main cable stiffness plays a crucial role in load-bearing and deformation control. Significant force differences were observed between stay and hanger cables, with axial force in the main girder increasing from the side span to the pylon under dead load. Bending moments in the transition region varied widely under combined loads. Optimizing parameters, such as the span-to-rise and cable-to-hanger ratios, significantly improved the mechanical performance of HCSS bridges, offering valuable insights for future designs.
Copper-Catalyzed Benzothiazolyldifluoroalkylation of Arylidenemalonitriles or para-Quinone Methides
Authors: Xiao Jilin , Cai Ying , Xu Rongfu , Liao Fumin , Liu Jinbiao
Published: November 2024

We reported copper-catalyzed the 1,4- or 1,6-conjugate additions of arylidenemalonitriles or para-quinone methides with 2-bromodifluoromethylbenzo-1,3-thiazole for the preparation of benzothiazolyldifluoroalkyl containing (di)arylmethine compounds in moderate to excellent yields, providing a facile route for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkylatated (di)arylmethine compounds. The synthetic utility of the current method was also demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction.
The Activation of Oxygen Species on the Pt/CeO2 Catalyst by H2 for NO Oxidation
Authors: Li Xiangru , Li Shuangye , Cheng Yao , Zheng Lechen , Song Liyun , Zi Xuehong , Dai Hongxing
Published: November 2024

The Pt/CeO2 catalyst has attracted significant attention due to its exceptional performance in NO oxidation. This study comprehensively examines the effects of calcination temperature and H2 pretreatment on the structure and activity of the Pt/CeO2 catalyst. Experimental findings indicate that the calcination temperature significantly affects the catalyst’s redox performance, thereby modulating its efficacy in NO oxidation reactions. H2 pretreatment facilitates the creation of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst, assisted by the reduction in PtOx to Pt, enhancing the formation of activated oxygen and thereby improving NO oxidation. This study offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for environmental applications, particularly in the development of exhaust gas after-treatment technologies.
Depolymerization of Lignosulfonate Catalyzed by Different Solid Base Oxides to Prepare Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Wang Haiying , Wang Yejing , Zhang Wencheng , Wang Yizhen , Han Hongjing , Chen Yanguang , Zhang Jiaren , Zhang Yanan
Published: November 2024

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic renewable polymer in nature. However, its very stable structure limits its widespread application. To achieve high-value utilization of lignin, this study used solid base oxides to depolymerize calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) for the synthesis of phenolic compounds. The catalyst precursors were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and the corresponding mesoporous metal oxides NiO, MgCoOx, and NiMgCoOx were obtained after calcination. MgCoOx and NiMgCoOx had similar but stronger basicity compared to NiO. While all oxides promoted the depolymerization of CLS, NiMgCoOx was identified as the best catalyst, achieving a maximum liquid product yield of 74.3 wt.% and a selectivity of phenolic compounds of 74.52% in the liquid product. In addition, NiMgCoOx showed satisfactory structural and catalytic stability. The experimental results indicated that solid base oxides can capture the active hydrogen in CLS, causing the hydrolysis reaction of ether bonds, and the resulting products continuously depolymerize or polymerize; Co present in the catalyst promotes the adsorption of hydrogen by Ni, while NiO in NiMgCoOx facilitates the adsorption of both reactants and hydrogen. The combination of Ni and Co improves hydrogenation performance.
A Necessary Role for Cyclin D2 Induction During Colon Cancer Progression Mediated by L1
Authors: Saha Arka , Gavert Nancy , Brabletz Thomas , Ben-Ze’ev Avri
Published: November 2024

The cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1), mainly known for its function in brain cells, is a Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, where it promotes invasion and liver metastasis. We interrogated which genes are expressed at increased levels in human CRC tissue and induced in CRC cell lines overexpressing L1. We found increased cyclin D2 levels in CRC tissue and LS 174T and HCT 116 human CRC cells overexpressing L1. Increased cyclin D2 in CRC cells was associated with higher proliferation rates, faster motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. The suppression of cyclin D2 expression by shRNA to cyclin D2 blocked the increase in these cellular properties of L1-expressing cells. The overexpression of cyclin D2 in the absence of L1 also conferred tumorigenic properties similar to L1 expression. The pathways involved in the elevation of cyclin D2 by L1 include NF-κB, Akt, and β-catenin signaling but not the Erk pathway. We found that in a significant percentage of human CRC tissue samples, cyclin D2 is expressed at high levels in the nuclei of cancer cells. At the same time, the adjacent normal mucosa was negative for cyclin D2 staining. The results suggest that the increased cyclin D2 expression by L1 is required to induce proliferative, motile tumor development in CRC tissue and can serve as a diagnostic marker and a target for CRC therapy.