bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ignacija Fridl: Jezik v filozofiji starih Grkov
Authors: Babič Matjaž
Published: May 2016

Knjiga jezik v filozofiji starih Grkov (s podnaslovom Pot do stoiškega pojma lekton) posega na področje, zanimivo tako za filozoftjo in klasično filologijo kot zajezikoslovje nasploh. Tema si obdelavo gotovo zasluži. Skrajni čas je bil, da se o tem tako pomembnem obdobju v zgodovini filozofije in jezikoslmja tudi pri nas napiše kaj več kot par vrstic.
Alkestida: philia in xenia v igri menjav od religije in erotike
Authors: Sunčič Maja
Published: May 2016

Menjava daril in uslugje vezni člen, ki povezuje instituciji filije in ksenije v njunem razvoju od religije do erotike. Vse tri institucije so doživele v času demokratizacije spremembe, Iger je prihajalo do spora med starim in novim pravom. Alkestida predstavlja institucionalno urejanje pomembnih dilem, s katerim so se soočali državijani, ko so se morali odpovedati predpravnemu in postopoma preiti na pravo. Preobrazba religioznih dilem v politične je neločijivo povezala državijane v homosocialne vezi, zato je ženska nastopala kot prikriti regulator, ki je te vezi omogočala in zagotavijala mestni državi identiteto in kontinuiteto.
In memoriam Ana Šašel (1921-2001)
Authors: Rus Marija
Published: May 2016

Z Anico Jalen sva bili osem let sošolki na ljubljanski klasični gimnaziji. Bila je skromna, resna, do vseh ljubezniva deklica. Ne bi navajala posameznih profesorjev. Splošna klima na tej zahtevni šoli je bila ugodna za razvoj Aničinih intelektualnih sposobnosti in za oblikovanje njenih značajskih potez. Med nama so se stkale tesnejše vezi predvsem v višjih razredih.
Kvint Tulij Ciceron: Mali priročnik za volilno kampanjo
Authors: Zupančič Matevž , Maver Aleš
Published: May 2016

Domnevni avtor besedila je Kvint Tulij Ciceron, brat slavnejšega Marka. Leta 64 se je Mark kot novinec »homo novus« potegoval za konzulat. Nasproti so mu stali razvpiti nasprotniki, kot sta bila Katilina in Antonij, oče Marka Antonija. Kvint naj bi mu bil ob tej priložnosti napisal priročnik za volilno kampanjo v obliki pisma. Zelo verjetno je Kvint res napisal neki spis s tem naslovom, zaradi mnogih spornih mest in anahronizmov pa ni dokazano, da je to ravno tisto besedilo. Pri prevajanju so sodelovali še Jurij Frice, Tina Bernik, Maja Gril, Sonja Ljubetič in Špela Tomažinčič.
Aristofanovo gledališče
Authors: Inkret Andreja
Published: May 2016

Aristofan je svoje komedije ustvarjal z mislijo na konkretno gledališko uprizoritev. Obenem lahko o njegovih delih govorimo kot o primerih "metateatra", saj v njih pogosto zasledimo namige na gledališče kot tako, torej na igralce, gledališke konvencije idr. Za razumevanje Aristofanovih komedij se zdi pomembno, da se nekatere izmed gledaliških konvencij Aristofanovega časa razlikujejo od tistih, ki veljajo v modernem gledališču; med slednjimi se za eno najpomembnejših izkaže tista, po kateri so vse vloge ene komedije odigrali zgolj trije oziroma štirje igralci.
Izokrat, Lisíja, Demosten, Ciceron, Evmenij: Antologija antičnega govorništva (recenzija)
Authors: Vuk Nina
Published: May 2016

Če se sprehodimo med naslovi knjig, ki so v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih izšle v slovenščini, ter diplomskih in magistrskih nalog, nastalih na Oddelku za klasično filologijo, lahko tiste, ki se konkretno ukvarjajo s področjem antične retorike, preštejemo na prste ene roke.
Velleius Paterculus: Historia Romana 2.108-117
Authors: Visočnik Julijana
Published: May 2016

V Germaniji ni bilo več nikogar, ki bi ga bilo mogoče še premagati, razen ljudstva Markomanov. Le-to je na spodbudo poveljnika Maroboda zapustilo svoja bivališča, se zateklo v notranje dele in naselilo polja obdana s herkinijskimi gozdovi. Nobena naglica ne sme biti vzrok, da tega moža ne omenimo. Marobod, mož plemenitega rodu, močne postave, neustrašnega duha, barbar bolj po rojstvu kot v mišljenju.
Iz raziskav na področju latinskih zloženk
Authors: Lindner Thomas
Published: May 2016

Članek se ukvarja z zgodovino latinskih imenskih zloženk. Z orisom njihovega razvoja od predzgodovinske dobe do pozne antike se zavrača stari predsodek o njihovi šibki produktivnosti. V sklepnem poglavju se obravnavajo leksikološka vprašanja.
Poročilo odgovornega urednika revije Keria, (Ljubljana, 15.11.2003)
Authors: Hriberšek Matej
Published: May 2016

V delovanju uredništva revije ni bilo posebnih novosti. V zadnjem dvoletnem obdobju smo - enako kot že 3 leta poprej - izdali 2 letnika oz. 4 številke revije, kar pomeni, daje za nami že peto leto izdajanja.
Monumentum Wiesthalerianum: Wiesthalerjev latinsko-slovenski slovar 1894-2005
Authors: Hriberšek Matej
Published: May 2016

Dejstvo, da Slovenci nismo imeli latinsko ­ slovenskega slovarja kot osnovnega pomagala za pouk  latinskega jezika, je avstrijski oblasti  dolgo  rabilo  kot izgovor, da v višjih gimnazijskih razredih ni dovoljevala pouka  latinščine v slovenskem jeziku. Nekaj  poskusov, da  bi slovar  dobili, je propadlo; leta 1895 pa je ekipa profesorjev  pod  vodstvom Frana Wiesthalerja zasnovala največji projekt klasično-filološke stroke: veliki latinsko-slovenski slovar.
Književnost pri pouku latinščine v osnovni šoli
Authors: Žmavc Janja
Published: May 2016

Prispevek se ukvarja z vprašanjem, kako obravnavati literarne vsebine iz antične književnosti pri pouku latinščine na osnovni šoli. Temeljno izhodišče referata je, da je tudi na osnovnošolski stopnji pouka latinščine potrebno obravnavati literarne vsebine, ki so ustrezno prilagojene osebnemu razvoju učencev. Pri tem si avtorica zastavlja vprašanje, ali je recepcija antične književnosti v osnovni šoli mogoča, v kolikšni meri in kakšna je pri tem vloga učitelja. V drugem delu referata je prikazana okvirna opredelitev literarnih vsebin pri pouku latinščine, kaj naj le-ta vsebuje in kakšni naj bodo njegovi cilji, predstavljenih pa je tudi nekaj primerov pedagoške prakse pri pouku književnosti.
Peter Green: Zgled, preživetje, preobrazba - Klasični vplivi v modernem svetu (prevod)
Authors: Movrin David
Published: May 2016

Pojav, ki ga tako nadebudno imenujemo »klasična dediščina«, je v resnici izmuzljiv kot Snark Lewisa Carrolla - ko ga stisneš v kot, iz njega takoj nastane Boojum - in spremenljiv kot Protej, prvotni starec z morja. Splošno sprejeto je skorajda samo to, da »klasika« pomeni grško-rimsko izročilo - pa še to včasih spodbijajo nadebudni sinologi ali preučevalci Upanišad, pri katerih kulturna privrženost prekaša zgodovinsko zdravo pamet.
M. Šašel Kos: Lapidarij Narodnega muzeja Slovenije. Rimski spomeniki. Vodnik (recenzija)
Authors: Visočnik Julijana
Published: May 2016

Poljudni vodnik po lapidariju Narodnega muzeja v Ljubljani, ki ob ptujskem in celjskem predstavlja eno izmed treh največjih zbirk antičnih epigrafskih spomenikov pri nas, smo pogrešali že kar nekaj časa. Spomeniki so namreč v muzej prihajali že od same ustanovitve leta 1821, a še nikoli niso bili popisani v poljudni knjižni obliki.
Dum lucet - bibamus sodales. Ali kako arheologi razumemo Stare: nekaj primerkov iz Slovenije
Authors: Mikl Curk Iva
Published: May 2016

Za prikaz problema služijo trije primeri razlage arheoloških najdb na Slovenskem: I. Ali moremo razumeti glirarium v rimskem žganem grobu, uporabljen za žaro, tudi kot simbol večnega življenja? II. Poškodovan ženski kip iz 2. stol., ki predstavlja tragično junakinjo, je H. G. Frenz prištel k noriško panonski skupini upodobitev Medeje. Vendar je – sicer slabo ohranjen - kip tako dobro klesarsko delo, da je jasno videti, da obe mali figurici, ki definirata vsebino mita, ne moreta biti otroka. Ena figura namreč jasno kaže starejšega, odličnega moža. Torej je pred nami ali neznan detajl iz Medejine zgodbe, ali kip vendarle ni predstavljal Medeje. III. Pivske posode, okrašene z realističnimi liki in (ali) z daljšim napisom (uvoženo bronasto posodje, dragocene steklene čaše, terra sigillata, izjemna ACO čaša z dolgim napisom, skodelice tenkih sten in obrazne čaše), kakor tudi lokalno narejene hišaste žare in nekaj drugih primerkov pregledamo z zornega kota, koliko okrasje priča o praktični vlogi posode (malokdaj) in o rabi pri magiji in kultu (predvsem zasebnem, tudi grobnem).
Opažanja o glasovnem sistemu pamfilskega dialekta
Authors: Čepon Robert
Published: May 2016

Prispevek obravnava nekatere aspekte glasovnega sistema tistega razvojnega stadija pamfilskega dialekta, kije izpričan na silionskem napisu iz četrtega stoletja pr. n. št. V prvem delu se članek ukvarja z vzroki za sporadično palatalizacijo glasu u, relevantnostjo prehoda ερ > αρ za dialektalno umestitev pamfilščine ter z razlogi za ne beleženje aspirate v nekaterih besedah. V nadaljevanju se prispevek posveča določitvi glasovne vrednosti grafemov ϝ, W, ψ in digrafa υh ter etimologiji besede διϝια.
»Rimske terme« v sodobnem zdraviliškem turizmu
Authors: Merc Vesna
Published: May 2016

Uporaba antičnih imen, znakov in podob dobiva v Sloveniji po osamosvojitvi drugačen pomen. Antiko je vzelo "za svojo" tako potrošništvo kot zdraviliški turizem. Analiza primerov iz Slovenije je pokazala na trend "rimskih prostorov" v zdraviliščih in wellness centrih. Po vzoru iz tujine je v zadnjem desetletju "rimski trend" postal v Sloveniji zelo popularen predvsem v opremljanju savn. Zdravilišča so se v posnemanju oprla na institucijo rimskih term ter prevzela določene prostore, npr. tepidarij kot največkrat zastopani sodoben "rimski" prostor. Značilnost sodobnih rimskih savn je mešanje rimskih, grških, predvsem pa sodobnih elementov v temperaturi, načinu ogrevanja in dekoraciji prostorov.
»Osnove latinskega izrazoslovja v farmaciji« na Srednji šoli za farmacijo, kozmetiko in zdravstvo v Ljubljani
Authors: Medija Nevenka
Published: May 2016

Z ukinitvijo latinščine v programu kozmetični tehnik (s  šolskim le- tom 1999/2000) in v programu farmacevtski tehnik (s šolskim letom 2001/2002) se je na Srednji šoli za farmacijo, kozmetko in zdravstvo v Ljubljani pojavila potreba po ponovni uvedbi latinščine, tako s strani profesorjev strokovnoteoretičnih predmetov, npr. farmakognozije, farmacevtske kemije in farmacevtske tehnologije, kot tudi s strani dijakov.
K prevodu Aristotelovega spisa O nebu: beseda prevajalca na tiskovni konferenci ob izidu knjige
Authors: Češarek Pavel
Published: May 2016

Spoštovani! Pozdravljam vse, ki ste se z mano prišli veselit izida te knjige, kajti rojstvo - četudi je to rojstvo knjige - JE razlog za veselje. Pozdravljam tudi one, ki so semkaj prišli, da s svojim budnim očesom premerijo in pretehtajo besede, zapisane v tej knjigi. In prav na tem bojnem polju se boste radi ali neradi morali soočiti s prevodom, pod katerim sem podpisan. Zato najprej nekaj besed v zagovor temu, zakaj sem se odločil pristopiti k temu projektu.
Etruščanski jezik kot posrednik pri prevzemanju grških besed v latinščino
Authors: Silič Tina
Published: May 2016

Nekatere grške izposojenke so v latinščini preoblikovane na način, ki ga z latinskimi jezikovnimi zakonitostmi ne moremo razložiti, zato predvidevamo posrednika. S preučevanjem sprememb, ki so doletele ohranjene grške besede v etruščanskem jeziku, se skuša dognati določene vzorce, s pomočjo katerih bi lahko razložili nenavadno obliko izposojenke v latinščini.
Latin vulgaire – Latin tardif VII. Actes du VIIème Colloque international sur le latin vulgaire et tardif, Séville, 2-6 septembre 2003 (ur. C. A. Abellán). Sevilla 2006. 572 str. (Recenzija)
Authors: Visočnik Julijana
Published: May 2016

Pred nami je že sedmi zbornik (poleg tega imamo v Sloveniji žal le še enega), ki je ponovno nastal kot rezultat kolokvija na temo vulgarne in poznoantične latinščine.
Administrative Reforms in Swiss Municipalities over the Last Twenty Years – The end of New Public Management?
Authors: Ladner Andreas
Published: May 2016

There has been much talk about the end the NPM in recent years. Our comprehensive monitoring of Swiss municipalities, however, reveals that a lot of municipalities have continued to reform their political and administrative system along the ideas of NPM. It is the reform discourse that has changed. They stopped referring to them as NPM. Some of the core elements of NPM related to new forms of political steering, however, proved to be less popular. The reforms can therefore be termed as “NPM light”. When it comes to explaining the spread of the different reform activities within the country, we find evidence for the historical and sociological neo-institutionalism. There are considerable differences between language areas and between smaller and larger municipalities. Party preferences of local executives and of the citizens do not matter. The results shed new light on the debate about the assumed failure of NPM reforms.
Relationship Quality in Tourism: A Case of Local Tourism Cluster in Lithuania
Authors: Rutelione Ausra , Hopeniene Rimante
Published: May 2016

Relationship quality is usually studied only in terms of a few tourism subsectors, and the quality of buyer-seller relationship is revealed in the context. The dimensions of interorganizational relationships are analyzed only in a fragmentary manner; only a few separate dimensions, as opposed to their entirety, are evaluated. There is a lack of studies that would reveal the relationship quality of tourism cluster participants and its impact on tourism cluster performance. Thus the purpose of the paper is to identify the quality dimensions of interorganizational relationships in a tourism cluster and to verify their expression using a local example of Kedainiai region tourism cluster. The paper contributes to the domain of interorganizational relationships quality research through the analysis of in-depth interview with participants of Kedainiai region tourism cluster.
Comprehensive tool for calculation of radiative fluxes: illustration of shortwave aerosol radiative effect sensitivities to the details in aerosol and underlying surface characteristics
Authors: Derimian Yevgeny , Dubovik Oleg , Huang Xin , Lapyonok Tatyana , Litvinov Pavel , Kostinski Alex B. , Dubuisson Philippe , Ducos Fabrice
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The evaluation of aerosol radiative effect on broadband hemispherical solar flux is often performed using simplified spectral and directional scattering characteristics of atmospheric aerosol and underlying surface reflectance. In this study we present a rigorous yet fast computational tool that accurately accounts for detailed variability of both spectral and angular scattering properties of aerosol and surface reflectance in calculation of direct aerosol radiative effect. The tool is developed as part of the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) project. We use the tool to evaluate instantaneous and daily average radiative efficiencies (radiative effect per unit aerosol optical thickness) of several key atmospheric aerosol models over different surface types. We then examine the differences due to neglect of surface reflectance anisotropy, nonsphericity of aerosol particle shape and accounting only for aerosol angular scattering asymmetry instead of using full phase function. For example, it is shown that neglecting aerosol particle nonsphericity causes mainly overestimation of the aerosol cooling effect and that magnitude of this overestimate changes significantly as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA) if the asymmetry parameter is used instead of detailed phase function. It was also found that the nonspherical–spherical differences in the calculated aerosol radiative effect are not modified significantly if detailed BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) is used instead of Lambertian approximation of surface reflectance. Additionally, calculations show that usage of only angular scattering asymmetry, even for the case of spherical aerosols, modifies the dependence of instantaneous aerosol radiative effect on SZA. This effect can be canceled for daily average values, but only if sun reaches the zenith; otherwise a systematic bias remains. Since the daily average radiative effect is obtained by integration over a range of SZAs, the errors vary with latitude and season. In summary, the present analysis showed that use of simplified assumptions causes systematic biases, rather than random uncertainties, in calculation of both instantaneous and daily average aerosol radiative effect. Finally, we illustrate application of the rigorous aerosol radiative effect calculations performed as part of GRASP aerosol retrieval from real POLDER/PARASOL satellite observations.
Model – TCCON comparisons of column-averaged methane with a focus on the stratosphere
Authors: Ostler Andreas , Sussmann Ralf , Patra Prabir K. , Houweling Sander , De Bruine Marko , Stiller Gabriele P. , Hänel Florian J. , Plieninger Johannes , Bousquet Philippe , Yin Yi , Saunois Marielle , Walker Kaley A. , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Griffith David W. T. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hase Frank , Warneke Thorsten , Wang Zhiting , Kivi Rigel , Robinson John
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The distribution of methane (CH4) in the stratosphere can be a major driver of spatial variability in the dry-air column-averaged CH4 mixing ratio (XCH4), which is being measured increasingly for the assessment of CH4 surface emissions. Chemistry-transport models (CTMs) therefore need to simulate the tropospheric and stratospheric fractional columns of XCH4 accurately for estimating surface emissions from XCH4. Simulations from three CTMs are tested against XCH4 observations from the Total Carbon Column Network (TCCON). We analyze how the model-TCCON agreement in XCH4 depends on the model representation of stratospheric CH4 distributions. Model equivalents of TCCON XCH4 are computed with stratospheric CH4 fields from both the model simulations and from satellite-based CH4 distributions from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) and MIPAS CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) observations. In comparison to simulated model fields we find an improved model-TCCON XCH4 agreement for all models with MIPAS-based stratospheric CH4 fields. For the Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) the average XCH4 bias is significantly reduced from 38.1 ppb to 13.7 ppb, whereas small improvements are found for the models TM5 (Transport Model, version 5; from 8.7 ppb to 4.3 ppb), and LMDz (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique model with Zooming capability; from 6.8 ppb to 4.3 ppb), respectively. MIPAS stratospheric CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS reduce the average XCH4 bias for ACTM (3.3 ppb), but increase the average XCH4 bias for TM5 (10.8 ppb) and LMDz (20.0 ppb). These findings imply that the range of satellite-based stratospheric CH4 is insufficient to resolve a possible stratospheric contribution to differences in total column CH4 between TCCON and TM5 or LMDz. Applying transport diagnostics to the models indicates that model-to-model differences in the simulation of stratospheric transport, notably the age of stratospheric air, can largely explain the inter-model spread in stratospheric CH4 and, hence, its contribution to XCH4. This implies that there is a need to better understand the impact of individual model transport components (e.g., physical parameterization, meteorological data sets, model horizontal/vertical resolution) on modeled stratospheric CH4.
Development of automated preparation system for isotopocule analysis of N2O in various air samples
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O), an increasingly abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, is the most important stratospheric ozone-depleting gas of this century. Natural abundance ratios of isotopocules of N2O, NNO molecules substituted with stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen, are a promising index of various sources or production pathways of N2O and of its sink or decomposition pathways. Several automated methods have been reported to improve the analytical precision for the isotopocule ratio of atmospheric N2O and to reduce the labor necessary for complicated sample preparation procedures related to mass spectrometric analysis. However, no method accommodates flask samples with limited volume or pressure. Here we present an automated preconcentration system which offers flexibility with respect to the available gas volume, pressure, and N2O concentration. The shortest processing time for a single analysis of typical atmospheric sample is 40 min. Precision values of isotopocule ratio analysis are < 0.1 ‰ for δ15Nbulk (average abundances of 14N15N16O and 15N14N16O relative to 14N14N16O), < 0.2 ‰ for δ18O (relative abundance of 14N14N18O), and < 0.5 ‰ for site preference (SP; difference between relative abundance of 14N15N16O and 15N14N16O). This precision is comparable to that of other automated systems, but better than that of our previously reported manual measurement system.
Importance of within-lake processes in affecting the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen in an Adirondack forested lake/watershed
Authors: Kang Phil-Goo , Mitchell Myron J. , McHale Patrick J. , Driscoll Charles T. , Inamdar Shreeram , Park Ji-Hyung
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Lakes nested in forested watersheds play an important role in mediating the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic matter. We compared long-term patterns of concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic (DON) and inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in aquatic ecosystems of the Arbutus Lake watershed to evaluate how a lake nested in a forested watershed affects the sources (e.g., production) and sinks (e.g., retention) of DOC and DON in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA. We observed no significant long-term changes of DOC and DON in the lake outlet since 1983 and 1994, respectively. However, the temporal patterns of DOC and DON concentrations in the lake inlet showed significant seasonality such as increases during the vegetation-growing season along with notable decreases in the dormant season. A comparison of mass balances between inlet and outlet for the period from 2000 to 2009 suggested that the lake was a sink of DOC (mean of influx minus outflux: +1140 mol C ha−1 yr−1). In contrast, the difference of discharge-weighted DON concentrations (mean of inlet minus outlet: −1.0 µmol N L−1) between inlet and outlet was much smaller than the discharge-weighted DOC concentrations (average of inlet minus outlet: + 87 µmol C L−1). DON fluxes showed considerable variation among years (mean of influx minus outflux: +8 mol N ha−1 yr−1; range of differences: −15 to 27 mol N ha−1 yr−1). DON exhibited low percent retention ((influx-outflux)/influx) (mean: 6.9 %, range: −34.8 to +31.2) compared to DOC (mean: 30.1 %, range: +9.2 to +44.1). The resultant increase of DON within the lake was closely linked with a net decrease of DIN through monthly Pearson correlation analysis, suggesting the importance of biotic factors in mediating lake DON dynamics. Our results show different relative retentions of DOC compared with DON, along with a larger retention of DIN than DON, suggesting that DOC and DON might display substantially different biogeochemical relationships in oligo-mesotrophic lakes nested forested watersheds and therefore different roles for a sink behavior for DOC compared to a producer of DON.
Introduction to the project VAHINE: VAriability of vertical and tropHIc transfer of diazotroph derived N in the south wEst Pacific
Authors: Bonnet Sophie , Moutin Thierry , Rodier Martine , Grisoni Jean-Michel , Louis Francis , Folcher Eric , Bourgeois Bertrand , Boré Jean-Michel , Renaud Armelle
Published: May 2016

Abstract. On the global scale, N2 fixation provides the major external source of reactive nitrogen to the surface ocean, surpassing atmospheric and riverine inputs, and sustains  ∼  50 % of new primary production in oligotrophic environments. The main goal of the VAriability of vertical and tropHIc transfer of diazotroph derived N in the south wEst Pacific (VAHINE) project was to study the fate of nitrogen newly fixed by diazotrophs (or diazotroph-derived nitrogen) in oceanic food webs, and how it impacts heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics, stocks and fluxes of biogenic elements and particle export. Three large-volume ( ∼  50 m3) mesocosms were deployed in a tropical oligotrophic ecosystem (the New Caledonia lagoon, south-eastern Pacific) and intentionally fertilized with  ∼  0.8 µM of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to stimulate diazotrophy and follow subsequent ecosystem changes. VAHINE was a multidisciplinary project involving close collaborations between biogeochemists, molecular ecologist, chemists, marine opticians and modellers. This introductory paper describes in detail the scientific objectives of the project as well as the implementation plan: the mesocosm description and deployment, the selection of the study site (New Caledonian lagoon), and the logistical and sampling strategy. The main hydrological and biogeochemical conditions of the study site before the mesocosm deployment and during the experiment itself are described, and a general overview of the papers published in this special issue is presented.
Knowledge needs, available actions and future challenges in agricultural soils
Authors: Key Georgina , Whitfield Mike G. , Cooper Julia , De Vries Franciska T. , Collison Martin , Dedousis Thanasis , Heathcote Richard , Roth Brendan , Shamal S. A. M. , Molyneux Andrew , Van der Putten Wim H. , Dicks Lynn V. , Sutherland William J. , Bardgett Richard D.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The goal of this study is to clarify research needs and identify effective actions for enhancing soil health. This was done by a synopsis of soil literature that specifically tests actions designed to maintain or enhance elements of soil health. Using an expert panel of soil scientists and practitioners, we then assessed the evidence in the soil synopsis to highlight actions beneficial to soil health, actions considered detrimental, and actions that need further investigation. Only seven of the 27 reviewed actions were considered to be beneficial, or likely to be beneficial in enhancing soil health. These included the use of a mixture of organic and inorganic soil amendments, cover crops, crop rotations, and growth of crops between crop rows or underneath the main crop, and the use of formulated chemical compounds (such as nitrification inhibitors), the control of traffic and traffic timing, and reducing grazing intensity. Using a partial Spearman's correlation to analyse the panel's responses, we found that increased certainty in scientific evidence led to actions being considered to be more effective due to them being empirically justified. This suggests that for actions to be considered effective and put into practice, a substantial body of research is needed to support the effectiveness of the action. This is further supported by the high proportion of actions (33 %), such as changing the timing of ploughing or amending the soil with crops grown as green manures, that experts felt had unknown effectiveness, usually due to insufficient robust evidence. Our assessment, which uses the Delphi technique, increasingly used to improve decision-making in conservation and agricultural policy, identified actions that can be put into practice to benefit soil health. Moreover, it has enabled us to identify actions that need further research, and a need for increased communication between researchers, policy-makers and practitioners, in order to find effective means of enhancing soil health.
A synthetic ice core approach to estimate ion relocation in an ice field site experiencing periodical melt: a case study on Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Vega Carmen P. , Pohjola Veijo A. , Beaudon Emilie , Claremar Björn , van Pelt Ward J. J. , Pettersson Rickard , Isaksson Elisabeth , Martma Tõnu , Schwikowski Margit , Bøggild Carl E.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Physical and chemical properties of four different ice cores (LF-97, LF-08, LF-09 and LF-11) drilled at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, were compared to investigate the effects of meltwater percolation on the chemical and physical stratigraphy of these records. A synthetic ice core approach was employed as reference record to estimate the ionic relocation and meltwater percolation length at this site during the period 2007–2010. Using this method, a partial ion elution sequence obtained for Lomonosovfonna was NO3− > SO42−, Mg2+, Cl−, K+, Na+ with nitrate being the most mobile within the snowpack. The relocation length of most of the ions was on the order of 1 m during this period. In addition, by using both a positive degree day (PDD) and a snow–energy model approaches to estimate the percentage of melt at Lomonosovfonna, we have calculated a melt percentage (MP) of the total annual accumulation within the range between 48 and 70 %, for the period between 2007 and 2010, which is above the MP range suggested by the ion relocation evidenced in the LF-syn core (i.e., MP  =  30 %). Using a firn-densification model to constrain the melt range, a MP of 30 % was found over the same period, which is consistent with the results of the synthetic ice core approach, and a 45 % of melt for the last 60 years. Considering the ionic relocation lengths and annual melt percentages, we estimate that the atmospheric ionic signal remains preserved in recently drilled Lomonosovfonna ice cores at an annual or bi-annual resolution when weather conditions were similar to those during the 2007–2010 period.
Wind-farm layout optimisation using a hybrid Jensen–LES approach
Authors: Bokharaie Vahid S. , Bauweraerts Pieter , Meyers Johan
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Given a wind-farm with known dimensions and number of wind-turbines, we try to find the optimum positioning of wind-turbines that maximises wind-farm energy production. In practise, given that optimisation has to be performed for many wind directions and taking into account the yearly wind distribution, such an optimisation is computationally only feasible using fast engineering wake models such as, e.g., the Jensen model. These models are known to have accuracy issues, in particular since their representation of wake interaction is very simple. In the present work, we propose an optimisation approach that is based on a hybrid combination of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) and the Jensen model, in which optimisation is mainly performed using the Jensen model, and LES is used at a few points only during optimisation for online tuning of the wake-expansion coefficient in the Jensen model, and for validation of the results. An optimisation case study is considered, in which the placement of 30 turbines in a 4 by 3 km rectangular domain is optimised in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Both optimisation for single wind direction, and multiple wind directions are discussed.
Multi-fidelity Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of a Membrane Blade Concept in non-rotating, uniform flow condition
Authors: Saeedi Mehran , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Wüchner Roland
Published: May 2016

Abstract. In order to study the aerodynamic performance of a semi-flexible membrane blade, Fluid-Structure Interaction simulations have been performed for a non-rotating blade under steady inflow condition. The studied concept blade has a length of about 5 m. It consists of a rigid mast at the leading edge, ribs along the blade, tensioned edge cables at the trailing edge and membranes forming upper and lower surface of the blade. Equilibrium shape of membrane structures in absence of external loading depends on the location of the supports and the pre-stresses in the membranes and the supporting edge cables. Form finding analysis is used to find the equilibrium shape. The exact form of a membrane structure at the service condition depends on the internal forces and also on the external loads which in turn depend on the actual shape. As a result, two-way coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis is necessary to study this class of structures. The fluid problem has been modeled using two different approaches which are the vortex panel method and the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Nonlinear analysis of the structural problem is performed using the Finite Element Method. The goal of the current study is twofold: First, to make a comparison between the converged FSI results obtained from the two different methods to solve the fluid problem. This investigation is a prerequisite for the development of an efficient and accurate multi-fidelity simulation concept for different design stages of the flexible blade. The second goal is to study the aerodynamic performance of the membrane blade in terms of lift and drag coefficient as well as lift to drag ratio and to compare them with those of the equivalent conventional rigid blade. The blade configuration from the NASA-Ames Phase VI rotor is taken as the baseline rigid blade configuration. The studied membrane blade shows a higher lift curve slope and higher lift to drag ratio compared with the rigid blade.
Percepción de los maestros sobre las deficiencias visuales y su incidencia escolar
Authors: Fernández Quevedo Ana , García García José Antonio , Jiménez Rodríguez Raimundo , Perales Palacios Francisco Javier
Published: May 2016

El sentido de la visión constituye la fuente principal de adquisición de información del individuo, de aquí la importancia de un buen diagnóstico y corrección, en su caso, de cualquier anomalía en la misma para un correcto aprendizaje, especialmente en los primeros años de escolarización. En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una encuesta pasada a maestros de centros educativos andaluces mediante la que se pretende poner de manifiesto sus conocimientos sobre las deficiencias visuales que pueden presentar sus alumnos, y la incidencia que podrían tener sobre su rendimiento escolar. Los resultados indican que dicho conocimiento se suele circunscribir a las anomalías de tipo refractivo, considerando que se hallan bien tratadas en sus alumnos. A pesar de la importancia que atribuyen a estas deficiencias sobre el aprendizaje escolar, piensan que otros factores pueden poseer un papel más relevante. Asimismo seconsideran partidarios de recibir una formación más completa al respecto.
Incidencia de las estrategias motivacionales de valor sobre el aprendizaje en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Suárez Riveiro José Manuel , Fernández Suárez Ana Patricia , Rubio Sánchez Verónica , Zamora Menéndez Ángela
Published: May 2016

El principal propósito de este estudio fue el de proponer un modelo sobre cómo las estrategias de autorregulación motivacional relacionadas al componente de valor afectan a la utilización de las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas del aprendizaje. La muestra utilizada fue de 1103 estudiantes de Secundaria. Se asumió que el efecto de las estrategias motivacionales sobre las estrategias cognitivas puede estar mediado por las estrategias metacognitivas. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, los efectos significativos desde algunas de las estrategias motivacionales, pero no desde todas, hacia la autorregulación y hacia las estrategias cognitivas. Y por otro lado, los efectos significativos desde las estrategias metacognitivas del aprendizaje sobre todas las estrategias cognitivas. A modo de conclusión se plantea la conveniencia de que los estudiantes no adopten sólo estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas sino que también adopten otro tipo de estrategias, algunas de las estrategias de automotivación, las cuales les permitirán gestionar su propia motivación y por tanto mejorar su aprendizaje.
La coevaluación como estrategia para mejorar la dinámica del trabajo en grupo: una experiencia en Ciencias del Deporte
Authors: Barriopedro Moro Maribel , López de Subijana Cristina , Gómez Ruano Miguel Ángel , Rivero Herraiz Antonio
Published: May 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si la percepción del trabajo grupal se modificaba en función de la introducción o no de la coevaluación. Participaron 144 alumnos de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Para analizar la percepción de los alumnos del trabajo cooperativo se utilizó el cuestionario adaptado por Bourne et al. (2001). Los resultados mostraron que los grupos en los se introdujo la coevaluación valoraron de forma más negativa la experiencia (menos agradable, inspiradora, positiva y creativa) que los grupos en los que no se introdujo la coevaluación. Sin embargo, los grupos con coevaluación percibieron que su competencia para trabajar en equipo había mejorado en mayor medida que los grupos sin coevaluación, valorando de forma más positiva tanto el funcionamiento como el resultado del trabajo e incrementaron en mayor medida sus conocimientos sobre el resto de los componentes. El uso de un sistema de coevaluación como el propuesto parece generar una mejor valoración tanto del funcionamiento del equipo como del resultado de su trabajo.
Aspectos de Ortega y Gasset en la formación de ciudadanos
Authors: Rumayor Miguel
Published: May 2016

José Ortega y Gasset no puede ser clasificado como teórico o filósofo de la educación, aunque sus obras poseen importantes reflexiones en ese ámbito del conocimiento. Concretamente en este artículo se pone de manifiesto el valor de la filosofía racio-vitalista y la formación de ciudadanos en la perspectiva personal, lo cual contribuirá a la construcción de la sociedad y a la vida democrática. Además, a la luz del liberalismo político de este autor en el artículo se analizan, ente otras, sus importantes ideas sobre la libertad, el patriotismo, la ciudadanía, la elegancia y la tolerancia, como grandes aportaciones conceptuales a la tarea educativa. Básicamente todo el pensamiento de Ortega se concretará en formar profundamente la intimidad personal de los ciudadanos. Este elemento se muestra como el centro y el objetivo de la formación y en torno a él giran los aspectos sociales y personales de la educación de ciudadanos analizados en este escrito.
“Cultos em cerveja”: discursos sobre a cerveja artesanal no Brasil
Authors: De Vargas Giorgi Victor
Published: May 2016

No presente trabalho, empreendemos um estudo do discurso dos sujeitos envolvidos na produção e no consumo de cervejas artesanais no Brasil, a fim de entender os elementos que são construídos e partilhados por esses atores e que são fundamentais na constituição de suas identidades. Para tanto, iniciamos o percurso destacando a dimensão simbólica inerente à alimentação, aqui pensada enquanto campo de estudos fecundo nas ciências sociais. Em um segundo momento, contextualizamos o atual panorama cervejeiro nacional, relacionando-o à ascensão de uma “cultura gourmet” no país e a determinados padrões alimentares observados na contemporaneidade. Por fim, realizamos a análise discursiva propriamente dita, atentando para as representações inerentes às práticas aqui estudadas.
Valores políticos e a construção de sistemas públicos de saúde no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Capistrano Daniel
Published: May 2016

O artigo busca explorar a relação entre visões políticas predominantes na sociedade e as propostas de construção de um sistema nacional de saúde no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Segundo dados de surveys recentes, a opinião pública sobre o papel do governo na saúde pública difere consideravelmente entre brasileiros e norte-americanos. Essas opiniões estão intrinsecamente ligadas às características da cultura política desses dois países. Analisando discursos e narrativas presentes nos debates acerca da construção do Sistema Único de Saúde, no Brasil, e do plano norte-americano de reforma da saúde, da década de 1990, o presente trabalho discute como elementos desses discursos expressaram aspectos da cultura política das sociedades brasileira e norte-americana conforme se indica na literatura sobre o tema nas ciências sociais. O artigo contribui para a reflexão sobre como características culturais mais subjetivas permeiam o debate sobre políticas públicas e trazem elementos importantes para se compreender decisões políticas.
O impacto dos estudos da Ciência sobre a Filosofia Política
Authors: Latour Bruno
Published: May 2016

O impacto dos estudos da Ciência sobre a Filosofia Política
Dual purpose wheat production with different levels of nitrogen topdressing
Authors: Henz Éderson Luis , Almeida Paulo Sergio Gois de , Velho João Pedro , Nörnberg José Laerte , Silva Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da , Backes Tatiane Regina , Guerra Geisi Loures
Published: May 2016

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.
Antioxidant activity and fermentative metabolism in the plant Erythrina crista-galli L. under flood conditions
Authors: Larré Cristina Ferreira , Moraes Caroline Leivas , Borella Junior , Amarante Luciano Do , Deuner Sidnei , Peters José Antônio
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of flood tolerance of the root system of Erythrina crista-galli L. plants by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress components in the leaves and roots. Additionally, the activity of fermentation enzymes in the roots was measured. The following two treatments were used: plants with flooded roots, which were maintained at a given water level above the soil surface, and non-flooded plants, which were used as the control. The measurements were performed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after treatment. The following parameters were evaluated at each time-point: the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, the quantification of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the leaves, roots, and adventitious roots, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in both the primary and adventitious roots. There was an increase in the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in the leaves to maintain stable H2O2 levels, which reduced lipid peroxidation. In the roots, higher activity of all antioxidant enzymes was observed at up to 30 days of flooding, which favoured both reduced H2O2 levels and lipid peroxidation. Activity of the fermentation enzymes was observed in the primary roots from the onset of the stress conditions; however, their activity was necessary only in the adventitious roots during the final periods of flooding. In conclusion, E. crista-galli L. depends on adventitious roots and particularly on the use of the fermentation pathway to tolerate flood conditions.
Serum hepatic biochemistry and electrophoretic protein profile of healthy and Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice treated with extracts of Agaricus blazei Murill
Authors: Verçosa Junior Durval , Oliveira Neide Judith Faria de , Duarte Eduardo Robson , Bastos Gabriela Almeida , Soares Ana Cláudia Maia , Cassali Geovanni Dantas , Soto-Blanco Benito , Melo Marília Martins
Published: May 2016

Compounds isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill represent a group of promising natural immunomodulators for use in the treatment of neoplasms. We have evaluated the serum biochemical profile of healthy and Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice treated with different extracts of A. blazei. Total, supernatant, and polysaccharide extracts of A. blazei were obtained from suspensions (at acidic or neutral pH) kept in a water bath at 60 °C or in an ultrasonic bath at 37 °C. After oral administering the extracts to mice for 21 days, blood samples were collected for determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), urea, total protein, albumin, globulins, and alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulin fractions. The presence of the tumor led to a significant increase in serum CK and AST activities and in the concentrations of total globulin and the gamma-globulin fraction, and to a decrease in the albumin and alpha2-globulin levels. The polysaccharide extracts of A. blazei reduced the serum AST and ALT activities, probably due to a hepatoprotective effect. In addition, polysaccharide and supernatant extracts inhibited the tumor-induced increase in gamma-globulin levels. Thus, the supernatant and polysaccharide fractions of the extract of A. blazei have potential for use in complementary antineoplastic treatments.
Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with systemic granulomatous disease in a horse
Authors: Kwirant Liomara Andressa do Amaral , De La Côrte Flavio Desessards , Brass Karin Erica , Barros Cláudio Severo Lombardo , Lucena Ricardo Barbosa de , Trost Maria Elisa , Ebling Rafael Costa , Cocco Mariana
Published: May 2016

A 4-year-old Criollo stallion was presented at the equine clinic of veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, with a 30-day history of progressive weight loss, anemia and swelling of the forelimbs and face. Physical examination revealed that the swelling was firm and had a bone-like consistency, also radiographs showed extensive periosteal proliferation on the forelimb long bones that suggested hypertrophic osteopathy (Marie´s disease). Physical examinations identified no respiratory findings. However, during ultrasound examination, superficial lung disease was identified. The animal was treated with antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 12 days. Due to a complete lack of response to this treatment, the horse was euthanized. At necropsy several granulomatous lesions were identified in the thorax, abdomen and testicular tunics. Bony proliferation was evident on many bones of the appendicular skeleton and face. Based on these findings the diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy associated with sarcoidosis was established. It is important to perform a thorough clinical examination and include hypertrophic osteopathy in the differential diagnosis of diseases that are accompanied by swelling of the face and limbs as edema from various causes, fibrous osteodystrophy, for example. Key words: Pulmonary. Periosteal. Sarcoidosis. Pathology