bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes
Authors: Matrella Maria Laura , Valletti Alessio , Gigante Isabella , De Rasmo Domenico , Signorile Anna , Russo Silvia , Lobasso Simona , Lobraico Donatella , Dibattista Michele , Pacelli Consiglia , Cocco Tiziana
Published: March 2024

Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
Korean version of the MNREAD acuity chart
Authors: Kim Ungsoo Samuel , Kim Keun Soo , Kim Yoon-Shin
Published: March 2024

To investigate the efficacy of the Korean version of the Minnesota low vision reading chart. A Korean version consisting of 38 items was prepared based on the MNREAD acuity chart developed by the University of Minnesota. A linguist composed the representative sentences, each containing nine words from second and third grade levels of elementary school. Reading ability was measured for 20–35-year-old subjects with normal visual acuity (corrected visual acuity of logMAR 0.0 or better). The maximum reading speed (words per minute [wpm]) for healthy participants, reading acuity (smallest detectable font size), and critical print size (smallest font size without reduction of reading speed) were analyzed. The average age of the subjects was 28.3 ± 2.6 years (male:female ratio, 4:16). The average reading time for 38 sentences was 3.66 ± 0.69 s, with no differences in the average maximum reading speed between sentences (p = 0.836). The maximum reading speed was 174.2 ± 29.3 and 175.4 ± 27.8 in the right and left eye, respectively. Reading acuity was measured as logMAR 0.0 or better in 80% of the cases. All subjects showed a critical print size of 0.2 logMAR or better. The overall reading ability can be measured using the Korean version of the MNREAD acuity chart, thereby making it useful in measuring the reading ability of those with Korean as their native language.
Effects of train vibration load on the structure and hydraulic properties of soils
Authors: Han Kai , Wang Jiading , Xiao Tao , Li Shan , Zhang Dengfei , Dong Haoyu
Published: March 2024

Investigating the impact of train-induced vibration loads on soil hydraulic properties, this study conducted experiments using a self-designed indoor soil seepage platform that incorporates vibration loads. The experiments were complemented with scanning electron microscopy to analyze the influence of train-induced vibration loads on soil hydraulic conductivity and its evolutionary characteristics under different vibration frequencies. The experimental results indicated that as the vibration frequency increases from no vibration (0 Hz) to 20 Hz, the time required for the soil volumetric moisture content to reach its peak and stabilize decreases rapidly. However, after the vibration frequency exceeds 20 Hz, the rate at which the time required for the volumetric moisture content to reach its peak and stabilize decreases slows down. Furthermore, the soil pore water pressure increases with the increase in vibration frequency. At a vibration frequency of 80 Hz, the peak value of pore water pressure increases by 105% compared to the non-vibration state, suggesting that higher vibration frequencies promote the development and acceleration of soil pore moisture migration. Additionally, as the vibration frequency increases, the soil hydraulic conductivity initially experiences a rapid increase, with a growth rate ranging from 40.1 to 47.4%. However, after the frequency exceeds 20 Hz, this growth rate significantly decreases, settling to only 18.6% to 7.8%. When the soil was subjected to a vibration load, the scanning electron microscopy test revealed alterations in its pore structure. Micropores and small pores transformed into macropores and mesopores. Additionally, the microstructural parameters indicated that vibration load decreased the complexity of soil pores, thereby speeding up the hydraulic conduction process. This, in turn, affected the hydraulic properties of the soil and established a relationship between pore structure complexity and soil hydraulic properties.
Intravenous administration of IL-12 encoding self-replicating RNA-lipid nanoparticle complex leads to safe and effective antitumor responses
Authors: Wang Zihao , Chen Yanni , Wu Hongyue , Wang Min , Mao Li , Guo Xingdong , Zhu Jianbo , Ye Zilan , Luo Xiaoyan , Yang Xiurong , Liu Xueke , Yang Junhao , Sheng Zhaolang , Lee Jaewoo , Guo Zhijun , Liu Yuanqing
Published: March 2024

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a potent immunostimulatory cytokine mainly produced by antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages) and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against cancers. Therapies that can synergistically modulate innate immunity and stimulate adaptive anti-tumor responses are of great interest for cancer immunotherapy. Here we investigated the lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated self-replicating RNA (srRNA) encoding IL-12 (referred to as JCXH-211) for the treatment of cancers. Both local (intratumoral) and systemic (intravenous) administration of JCXH-211 in tumor-bearing mice induced a high-level expression of IL-12 in tumor tissues, leading to modulation of tumor microenvironment and systemic activation of antitumor immunity. Particularly, JCXH-211 can inhibit the tumor-infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). When combined with anti-PD1 antibody, it was able to enhance the recruitment of T cells and NK cells into tumors. In multiple mouse solid tumor models, intravenous injection of JCXH-211 not only eradicated large preestablished tumors, but also induced protective immune memory that prevented the growth of rechallenged tumors. Finally, intravenous injection of JCXH-211 did not cause noticeable systemic toxicity in tumor-bearing mice and non-human primates. Thus, our study demonstrated the feasibility of intravenous administration of JCXH-211 for the treatment of advanced cancers.
Geochemistry, health risk assessment and statistical source identification of dissolved trace elements in surface water of the Chishui River, China
Authors: Song Xiwei , Chao Liqiang , Jiang Xutao , Liu Kejia , Pu Xunchi
Published: March 2024

As the most famous wine industry area in China, the concentration of dissolved trace elements (DTEs) in surface water of the Chishui River has attracted attention.
Correction: Superhydrophobic and mechanical properties enhanced the electrospinning film with a multiscale micro-nano structure for high-efficiency radiation cooling
Authors: Kong Lijing , Sun Puqing , Liu Jincheng , Lin Yongxing , Xiao Chao , Bao Chao , Zheng Kang , Xue Meng , Zhang Xian , Liu Xianglan , Tian Xingyou
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Superhydrophobic and mechanical properties enhanced the electrospinning film with a multiscale micro-nano structure for high-efficiency radiation cooling’ by Lijing Kong et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA07191J.
Could the medicalization of psychedelics lead to the next generation of antidepressants?
Authors: Duggan Peter , Walker Scott
Published: March 2024

A major part of the counterculture that emerged in western societies in the 1960s centred around the use of mind-altering psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Humans had, however, been consuming hallucinogenic substances since prehistoric times and often incorporated them into their religious rituals. Concerns over the effects of potent psychedelics like LSD led to them being outlawed in many jurisdictions around the world via the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances in 1971. During the intervening decades, the scientific investigation of psychedelics and their potential for legitimate therapeutic use has consequently been limited. In recent years, hints that psychedelics may be effective against certain treatment-resistant depressive states like post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) have led to more concerted efforts to obtain reliable clinical data that could convince drug regulators to approve them as legitimate medical treatments.
Nutritional and Functional Characterization of the Anchovy (Stolephorus indicus) Powder Produced by Conventional Drying and Foam Mat Drying
Authors: Windya Kusumaningtyas Retno , Laily Noer , Sudiarti Trini
Published: March 2024

Anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) are abundant in both macro and micronutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, fat, and calcium. Their rich nutritive value has led to numerous applications in the food industry, particularly in fortifying food products for vulnerable groups. Proximate analysis is indispensable in the food industry for product development and quality control. The objectives of this study were to assess the proximate composition and functional properties of anchovy powder obtained through oven drying and foam mat drying. The characterization of anchovy powder encompassed functional properties, such as water solubility index, water absorption capacity, and physical parameters like colour and bulk density, as well as proximate chemical parameters. The results demonstrated that the protein content of anchovy powder obtained through oven drying was significantly higher than that from foam mat drying (p<0.05). The primary component of fish powders was protein (71.43±0.14%), followed by lipids (4.45±0.06%), ash (14.59±0.09%), moisture (8.55±0.01%), and carbohydrates (1.00±0.01%). Nevertheless, increasing the quantity of foaming agent did not enhance the solubility or water absorption capacity of the anchovy powder, despite the concurrent increase in its protein content.
Physicochemical and Sensory Profile Comparison of Pickled Daikon from White and Rice Vinegar
Authors: Vidalia Cindy , Sanny Lim , Prasetyaningtyas Sekar Wulan , Heriyati Pantri , Aguzman Glory , Pratiwi Chairani Putri , Lo Diana
Published: March 2024

This experiment aimed to determine the best formulation of pickled daikon (radish) made from white vinegar to have similar physicochemical and sensory acceptance to pickled daikon made from rice vinegar. White and rice vinegar, as well as an increase in sugar level (10%, 12.5%, 15%), was assessed in this product development experiment which then was analyzed physically (color), chemically (pH, °Brix, water activity - aw, and titratable acidity), and organoleptically using Hedonic and Just-About-Right (JAR) test. Results showed that pickled daikon made with 15% sugar and white vinegar was the best formulation with a similar physicochemical and sensory profile to pickled daikon made from rice vinegar. This formulation has a better liking than the commercial product. The study of white vinegar as a substitute for rice vinegar in pickled daikon formulation offers practical solutions for ingredient availability and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, the penalty analysis indicated that the sour aroma of this formulation was still too little.
Optimisation Catechin Extract on Black Tea Waste (BTW) using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) (Time Extraction and Ethanol Concentration as Parameters)
Authors: Tartillah Baiq Amarwati
Published: March 2024

Remaining catechins from Black Tea processing can be found in significant amounts in tea waste. When using a 60% methanol organic solvent in the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method, as opposed to other methods, the extraction of black tea waste (BTW) results in a high polyphenol concentration. With a focus on yield extraction, antioxidant content, and catechin levels, the goal of this study is to identify the ideal alcohol solvent concentration and the impact of microwave heating duration on the extraction of BTW. The research uses a 2-factor Central Composite Design (CCD), which was created using Design Expert 9 Free Trial software. Factor I represents the microwave heating duration (4–8 minutes), while factor II represents the concentration of the alcohol solvent (60–80%). According to the results, the ideal conditions—a 62.74% alcohol solvent concentration and an 8-minute heating period—got a desirability of 74.20%. The expected yield was 54.8399% under these ideal circumstances, the antioxidant content (IC50) was 7.50516 ppm, and the catechin level was 92.0558%. The yield, antioxidant content (IC50), and catechin level of the verification results were 54.62%, 14.38847, and 94.74%, respectively, with response variations of 0.403%, 47.43%, and 2.833%.
Organoleptic and Physicochemical Characteristics of Cake Based on Brown Rice Flour (Oryza sativa L.) Modified Warumbia Cultivar
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Khaeruni Andi , Sumarni  , Sarinah  , Asnani  , Dahlan Andi , Fatahu
Published: March 2024

Currently, the use of rice flour in making cakes is much needed by those who experience gluten allergy problems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of using Warumbia cultivar brown rice flour modified using crude enzyme amylase from tempe mold and lactic acid bacteria on the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of cake. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data analysis used was the ANOVA test and further test (T test). The selected treatment for the organoleptic test was the modified brown rice flour treatment using BAL SBM.4A with a score of liking assessment of color, aroma, taste and texture respectively 3.78 (like), 4.25 (like), 4.08 (like) and 4.08 (like). The physical characteristics with the values of swelling power, porosity, kamba density and cake texture hardness are respectively: 105.67%, 0.21 cm, 0.39 g/mL and 0.85 (kg/cm2). The proximate values of the cake were water content (19.23%wb), ash (0.86%wb), fat 23.90 (%wb), protein 9.54 (%wb), and carbohydrate 46.47 (%wb). The research results show an increase in the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of cakes derived from modified brown rice flour process.
Chemical Analysis of Arenga Palm Sugar and Its Relationship with Consumer Acceptability
Authors: Elfriede Dwining Putri , Arifin Yalun , Hidayat Laurensia Felia
Published: March 2024

In Indonesia, the quality of Arenga palm sugar must meet certain chemical component requirements, including water-insoluble material, water content, ash content, reducing sugar content, and sucrose content. The heating process of the sap water can affect the quality of the palm sugar, as well as the preferences of consumers because it affects sensory attributes. The aroma and taste of palm sugar are mainly influenced by the levels of reducing sugar and sucrose. The research objective is to determine the correlation between the chemical components of palm sugar and its consumer acceptance by comparing the data from different regions. The explanatory sequential method is used, which involves two tests for sensory analysis: the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test and the ANOVA test. The Pearson correlation method is used to analyze the correlation between palm sugar chemistry and customer acceptance. The research revealed that the water-insoluble material and sucrose content of palm sugar did not meet the Indonesian national standards (SNI). Sucrose sugar content is negatively correlated with the aroma of palm sugar, where the panelists’ preference for palm sugar increased if the sucrose sugar content was lower.
Application of Coatings in Preservation of Fresh Salak Bali (Salacca zalacca) with Different Emulsions of Fatty Acids
Authors: Atmaja Ida Bagus Wisnu Matra , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Wirawan I Gede Putu , Sujana I Gede Arya
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of emulsion coating of different fatty acids on the characteristics of Salak Bali fruit and to determine the right emulsion formulation. The experimental design used in this study was a simple randomized complete block design (CRD). The treatments were A0: Salak untreated (control). A1: Salak treated with oleic acid, A2: Salak treated with stearic acid, A3: Salak treated with palmitic acid, and A4: Salak treated with a mixture of oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The experiment was repeated three (3) times and observations were made every 3 days until day 15, including: weight loss, total soluble solids, pH, color and organoleptic tests. The results showed that emulsion coating with oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid had a significant effect on the shelf life of Salak Bali fruit. Stearic acid emulsion (1%) is the best emulsion in fruit coating that produces the best fruit characteristics in terms of durability, color, weight loss, pH, suppressing the increase in soluble solids content and is the emulsion that gets the best choice from the calculation of the average number of panelists on organoleptic texture, color and overall acceptability of salak fruit.
Small-scale CMB cosmological information
Authors: Douspis Marian , Gorce Adélie , Salvati Laura
Published: March 2024

The small-scale CMB angular power spectrum contains many contaminants from secondary anisotropies created by large-scale structures. Although their contribution is taken into account in the analyses, their cosmological dependence is often ignored. We propose a new analysis of SPT data focusing on the cosmological contributions of the Sunyaev Zel’dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ). After modelling these two effects and building a power spectrum emulator, we show that using the cosmological information of the tSZ and kSZ in addition to that of the primordial CMB contained in the small-scale SPT data provides comparable constraints on the reionisation history to those of the large-scale data of Planck.
A machine learning method to infer clusters of galaxies mass radial profiles from mock Sunyaev-Zel’dovich maps with The Three Hundred clusters
Authors: Ferragamo A. , de Andres D. , Sbriglio A. , Cui W. , De Petris M. , Yepes G. , Dupuis R. , Jarraya M. , Lahouli I. , De Luca F. , Gianfagna G. , Rasia E.
Published: March 2024

Our study introduces a new machine learning algorithm for estimating 3D cumulative radial profiles of total and gas mass in galaxy clusters from thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect maps. We generate mock images from 2522 simulated clusters, employing an autoencoder and random forest in our approach. Notably, our model makes no prior assumptions about hydrostatic equilibrium. Our results indicate that the model successfully reconstructs unbiased total and gas mass profiles, with a scatter of approximately 10%. We analyse clusters in various dynamical states and mass ranges, finding that our method’s accuracy and precision are consistent. We verify the capabilities of our model by comparing it with the hydrostatic equilibrium technique, showing that it accurately recovers total mass profiles without any bias.
Characterising galaxy clusters’ completeness function in Planck
Authors: Gallo S. , Douspis M. , Soubrié E. , Salvati L.
Published: March 2024

Galaxy cluster number counts are an important probe to constrain cosmological parameters. One of the main ingredients of the analysis is the selection function, and in particular the completeness, associated to the cluster sample one is considering. Incorrectly characterising this function can lead to biases in the cosmological constraints. In this work we study the selection function of the Planck cosmological cluster catalogue. In particular, we detail the case in which the cluster model assumed in the detection method differs from the true galaxy clusters, both in terms of profile and shape. We find that varying the cluster pressure profile has a significant effect on the completeness, with clusters with steeper profiles producing a higher completeness than ones with flatter profiles. On the other hand, cluster shapes seem to have a smaller impact on the completeness.
Galaxy catalogs from the Sage Semi-Analytic Model calibrated on The Three Hundred hydrodynamical simulations: A method to push the limits toward lower mass galaxies in dark matter only clusters simulations
Authors: Gómez Jonathan S. , Yepes G. , Muñoz A. Jiménez , Cui W.
Published: March 2024

The new generation of upcoming deep photometric and spectroscopic surveys will allow us to measure the astrophysical properties of faint galaxies in massive clusters. This would demand to produce simulations of galaxy clusters with better mass resolution than the ones available today if we want to make comparisons between the upcoming observations and predictions of cosmological models. But producing full-physics hydrodynamical simulations of the most massive clusters is not an easy task. This would involve billions of computational elements to reliably resolve low mass galaxies similar to those measured in observations. On the other hand, dark matter only simulations of cluster size halos can be done with much larger mass resolution but at the cost of having to apply a model that populate galaxies within each of the subhalos in these simulations. In this paper we present the results of a new set of dark matter only simulations with different mass resolutions within the The Three Hundred project. We have generated catalogs of galaxies with stellar and luminosity properties by applying the Sage Semi-Analytical Model of galaxy formation. To obtain the catalogs consistent with the results from hydrodynamical simulations, the internal physical parameters of Sage were calibrated with the Particle Swarm Optimization method using a subset of full-physics runs with the same mass resolution than the dark matter only ones.
Exploring the interstellar medium of NGC 891 at millimeter wavelengths using the NIKA2 camera
Authors: Katsioli S. , Adam R. , Ade P. , Ajeddig H. , André P. , Artis E. , Aussel H. , Baes M. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Berta S. , Bing L. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Clark C.J.R. , De Looze I. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Ejlali G. , Galametz M. , Galliano F. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Hanser C. , Hughes A. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Jones A.P. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Madden S.C. , Maury A. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Moyer-Anin A. , Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Nersesian A. , Pantoni L. , Paradis D. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Rigby A.J. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Smith M.W.L. , Tedros J. , Tabatabaei F. , Tucker C. , Xilouris E.M. , Ysard N. , Zylka R.
Published: March 2024

In the framework of the IMEGIN Large Program, we used the NIKA2 camera on the IRAM 30-m telescope to observe the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 at 1.15 mm and 2 mm and at a FWHM of 11.1” and 17.6”, respectively. Multiwavelength data enriched with the new NIKA2 observations fitted by the HerBIE SED code (coupled with the THEMIS dust model) were used to constrain the physical properties of the ISM. Emission originating from the diffuse dust disk is detected at all wavelengths from mid-IR to mm. while mid-lR observations reveal warm dust emission from compact H II regions. Indications of mm excess emission have also been found in the outer parts of the galactic disk. Furthermore, our SED fitting analysis constrained the mass fraction of the small (< 15 Å) dust grains. We found that small grains constitute 9.5% of the total dust mass in the galactic plane, but this fraction increases up to ~ 20% at large distances (|z| > 3 kpc) from the galactic plane.
NIKA2 observations of starless cores in Taurus and Perseus
Authors: Kramer C. , Adam R. , Ade P. , Ajeddig H. , André P. , Artis E. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Berta S. , Bing L. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Caselli P. , Catalano A. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Ejlali G. , Fuente A. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Hanser C. , Katsioli S. , Kéruzoré F. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Madden S.C. , Maury A. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Moyer-Anin A. , Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Rigby A.J. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: March 2024

Dusty starless cores play an important role in regulating the initial phases of the formation of stars and planets. In their interiors, dust grains coagulate and ice mantles form, thereby changing the millimeter emissivities and hence the ability to cool. We mapped four regions with more than a dozen cores in the nearby Galactic filaments of Taurus and Perseus using the NIKA2 camera at the IRAM 30-meter telescope. Combining the 1mm to 2mm flux ratio maps with dust temperature maps from Herschel allowed to create maps of the dust emissivity index β1,2 at resolutions of 2430 and 5600 a.u. in Taurus and Perseus, respectively. Here, we study the variation with total column densities and environment. β1,2 values at the core centers (Av =12 – 19 mag) vary significantly between ~ 1.1 and 2.3. Several cores show a strong rise of β1,2 from the outskirts at ~ 4 mag to the peaks of optical extinctions, consistent with the predictions of grain models and the gradual build-up of ice mantles on coagulated grains in the dense interiors of starless cores.
NIKA2 observations of dust grain evolution from star-forming filament to T-Tauri disk: Preliminary results from NIKA2 observations of the Taurus B211/B213 filament
Authors: Nguyen-Luong Q. , Adam R. , Ade P. , Ajeddig H. , André P. , Artis E. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Berta S. , Bing L. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Ejlali G. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Hanser C. , Katsioli S. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Madden S.C. , Maury A. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Moyer-Anin A. , Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Rigby A.J. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R. , Bacmann A. , Duong-Tuan A. , Peretto N. , Rigby A.
Published: March 2024

To understand the evolution of dust properties in molecular clouds in the course of the star formation process, we constrain the changes in the dust emissivity index from star-forming filaments to prestellar and protostellar cores to T Tauri stars. Using the NIKA2 continuum camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope. we observed the Taurus B211/B2I3 filament at 1.2 mm and 2 mm with unprecedented sensitivity and used the resulting maps to derive the dust emissivity index β. Our sample of 105 objects detected in the β map of the B211/B213 filament indicates that, overal. β decreases from filament and prestellar cores (β ~ 2 ± 0.5) to protostellar cores (β ~ 1.2 ± 0.2) to T-Tauri protoplanetary disk (β < I). The averaged dust emissivity index β across the B211/B2I3 filament exhibits a flat (β ~ 2 ± 0.3) profile. This may imply that dust grain sizes are rather homogeneous in the filament, start to grow significantly in size only after the onset of the gravitational contraction/collapse of prestellar cores to protostars, reaching big sizes in T Tauri protoplanetary disks. This evolution from the parent filament to T-Tauri disks happens on a timescale of about 1-2 Myr.
Probing the evolution of galaxy clusters using SZ effect and non-thermal emission: First results from A1413
Authors: Pachchigar M. , Perrott Y. , Parashar T.
Published: March 2024

Mass is the most fundamental property of galaxy clusters. However, measuring it is still a challenge. Calibrating mass from intracluster medium observables such as the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect is subject to uncertainty and biases because of the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption. On the other hand, merging cluster systems have been shown to exhibit radio emission which implies a link with disturbances from hydrostatic equilibrium. We present work on studying deviations of galaxy cluster gas pressure profile from the average (universal) pressure profile using an example of galaxy cluster Abell 1413 with SZ effect data from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager and Planck. This cluster has also been observed at low radio frequency with the Murchison Widefield Array allowing the investigation of links between gas pressure profile deviations and the presence of radio emission.
Multipole analysis of cluster weak lensing shear in The Three Hundred project
Authors: Payerne C. , Hanser C. , Murray C. , Amouroux N. , Combet C.
Published: March 2024

Weak gravitational lensing is an important tool to estimate the masses of galaxy clusters, as it allows us to directly access their projected surface mass density along the line of sight in a manner largely independent of their dynamical state. Moreover, we can extract information on the projected shape of the cluster mass distribution. In this work, we generate mock catalogs of lensed background galaxies to measure the individual lensing properties of galaxy clusters from the simulation project The Three Hundred. By repeating the analysis for different projections of the same cluster, we find that the use of shear multipoles provides constraints on the ellipticity of the cluster projected mass density but does not have a significant impact on the cluster mass reconstruction compared to the standard approach.
Gill parasites of Schizocypris altidorsalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae), a threatened freshwater fish in Iran
Authors: Shamsi Shokoofeh , Khedri Javad , Borji Hassan , Suthar Jaydipbhai , Francis Nidhish
Published: March 2024

Context Schizocypris altidorsalis is a fish of very restricted distribution, with its populations being known only from few water reservoirs on the border of Iran and Afghanistan. Aims The aim was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of host-specific Monogenea on this fish. Methods In total, 400 fish were purchased from the market and examined for the presence of Monogenea. Specimens were characterised morphologically and genetically. Key results In total, 26.5% of fish were found to be infected with Monogenea. Further morphological and molecular studies based on the sequences of the 18S, 28S and ITS2 regions suggested that they all belong to a new species, herein named as Paradiplozoon jalalii. Our results suggest that this monogenean is a highly specific parasite of Schizocypris altidorsalis. Conclusions Monogeneans are highly specialised host-specific parasites infecting fish gill. They can adversely affect respiration and excretory functions in fish, making them more vulnerable to illness, leading to population declines. Implications Determining effective strategies for safeguarding endangered fish can be challenging in conflict zones, such as the area studied here. Additionally, the parasite identified in our study, with its blood-feeding habits, could contribute to the extinction of its fish host, subsequently leading to its own extinction. An unanswered question lingers regarding the potential extinction of other symbionts of Schizocypris altidorsalis if the fish faces extinction.
A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Reinterview Designs for Estimating and Adjusting Mode Measurement Effects: A Case Study for the Dutch Health Survey and Labour Force Survey
Authors: Schouten Barry , Klausch Thomas , Buelens Bart , Van Den Brakel Jan
Published: March 2024

Reinterview designs are a potential tool to estimate and adjust for mode measurement effects, that is, relative differences in mode-specific measurement error bias. In 2011, a reinterview design was successfully applied to the Dutch Crime Victimization Survey, which led to a redesign of the survey. Reinterview designs may, however, be very costly, especially when face to face is included as a survey mode. The crucial question is whether benefits outweigh costs, that is, whether the potential increase in the accuracy of survey statistics is worth the investment. The answer to this question depends heavily on the purpose of the reinterview, that is, assessment versus adjustment, the size of the measurement effects, and the relative cost of the modes. Reinterview designs also make a number of assumptions that will not hold for every setting. In this article, we perform a cost–benefit analysis for two surveys, the Dutch Health Survey and the Dutch Labour Force Survey, and discuss the utility and validity of reinterviews. We conclude that a reinterview may not be useful due to relatively small measurement differences for the Labour Force Survey, whereas it may be useful for the Health Survey.
Trajectories of job resources and the timing of retirement
Authors: El Khawli Elissa , Visser Mark , Firat Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Job resources benefit and motivate workers and, therefore, facilitate longer working lives. Yet, little is known about how job resources develop over time and how, in turn, trajectories of job resources are associated with retirement timing. Accordingly, this study examines job resource trajectories of older workers and to what extent these trajectories are related to when people retire. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), growth mixture models are conducted to examine the trajectory of three job resources, namely autonomy, skill development opportunities and recognition, from age 50 until workers retired or dropped out of the survey. Four trajectories of job resources are found: stable high resources, stable low skill development opportunities, stable low recognition and stable low resources. The results of the subsequent event history analysis of retirement timing show that older workers with trajectories of job resources characterized by stable low recognition and stable low resources are at higher risk of earlier retirement compared to those with other trajectories. The findings shed light on the importance of job resource trajectories for promoting longer working lives.
Reconsidering performance management to support innovative changes in health care services
Authors: Anders Anell
Published: March 2024

Purpose

A large number of studies indicate that coercive forms of organizational control and performance management in health care services often backfire and initiate dysfunctional consequences. The purpose of this article is to discuss new approaches to performance management in health care services when the purpose is to support innovative changes in the delivery of services.

Design/methodology/approach

The article represents cross-boundary work as the theoretical and empirical material used to discuss and reconsider performance management comes from several relevant research disciplines, including systematic reviews of audit and feedback interventions in health care and extant theories of human motivation and organizational control.

Findings

An enabling approach to performance management in health care services can potentially contribute to innovative changes. Key design elements to operationalize such an approach are a formative and learning-oriented use of performance measures, an appeal to self- and social-approval mechanisms when providing feedback and support for local goals and action plans that fit specific conditions and challenges.

Originality/value

The article suggests how to operationalize an enabling approach to performance management in health care services. The framework is consistent with new governance and managerial approaches emerging in public sector organizations more generally, supporting a higher degree of professional autonomy and the use of nonfinancial incentives.
Systematic review of servant leadership and burnout
Authors: Mahon Daryl
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Employee burnout is increasingly coming under attention due to its negative impact on employee well-being and organisational effectiveness. This study, a systematic review, aims to evaluate the role of servant leadership and its mediators in preventing and mitigating against burnout experiences in organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

A preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) was conducted using three databases, Academic search Complete, Embase and Scopus, in addition to bibliography searches. Articles were included if they reported on primary data, in English from inception to 2023. The mixed methods critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of articles, and a narrative synthesis was used to report results.

Findings

The search strategy yielded 4,045 articles, of which (N = 17), with total sample size of (N = 10,444) are included. Findings suggest that servant leadership is predictive of burnout, and that several mediators impact this relationship. Most studies were conducted in health care (n = 8) and banking (n = 3), and while the quality of the studies was mostly high (64%), the methods used were mainly descriptive and cross-sectional, which limits the extent to which causality can be inferred. A theory of change is provided based on the findings from this review and integrated with the extant literature on servant leadership theory, and can be used by organisations to support the policy, training and practice of servant leadership to reduce burnout.

Originality/value

Servant leadership is predictive of burnout; however, further research needs to be undertaken in this important emerging area.
Exploring changes in urban, small town and rural policing during the COVID-19 pandemic: does urbanicity matter?
Authors: Kutnjak Ivković Sanja , Kotlaja Marijana , Liu Yang , Neyroud Peter , Cajner Mraović Irena , Borovec Krunoslav , Maskály Jon
Published: March 2024

Purpose

We explore the relationship between urbanicity and police officers’ perceptions of changes in their reactive and proactive work during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the 2021 survey of 1,262 Croatian police offices (436 police officers from a large urban community, 471 police officers from small towns and 155 from rural communities), we examine the perceived changes in their reactive activities (e.g. responses to the calls for service, arrests for minor crimes) and proactive activities (e.g. community policing activities, directed patrols) during the peak month of the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

Findings

The majority of police officers in the study, regardless of the size of the community where they lived, reported no changes before and during the pandemic in reactive and proactive activities. Police officers from urban communities and small towns were more likely to note an increase in domestic violence calls for service. Police officers from urban communities were also more likely than the respondents from small towns and rural communities to report an increase in the responses to the disturbances of public order. Finally, police officers from small communities were most likely to observe a change in the frequency of traffic stops during the pandemic.

Originality/value

This study is the first one to explore the differences in perceptions of COVID-19-related changes in reactive and proactive police activities in a centralized police system.
Above‐ and belowground strategies of tropical montane tree species are coordinated and driven by small‐scale nitrogen availability
Authors: Pierick Kerstin , Leuschner Christoph , Link Roman M. , Báez Selene , Velescu Andre , Wilcke Wolfgang , Homeier Jürgen
Published: March 2024

The question whether the strategies of above‐ and belowground plant organs are coordinated as predicted by the plant economics spectrum theory is still under debate. We aim to determine the leading dimensions of tree trait variation for above‐ and belowground functional traits, and test whether they represent spectra of adaptation along a soil fertility gradient in tropical Andean forests.

We measured leaf, stem and fine root functional traits, and individual‐level soil nutrient availability for 433 trees from 52 species at three elevations between 1000 and 3000 m a.s.l.

We found close coordination between above– and belowground functional traits related to the trade‐off between resource acquisition and conservation, whereas root diameter and specific root length formed an independent axis of covarying traits. The position of a tree species along the acquisition–conservation axis of the trait space was closely associated with local soil nitrogen, but not phosphorus, availability.

Our results imply that above‐ and belowground plant functional traits determine at which edaphic microhabitats coexisting tree species can grow, which is potentially crucial for understanding community assembly in species‐rich tropical montane forests.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
qS‐wave decoupling equation for wavefield separation in transversely isotropic media
Authors: Ren Lina , Du Qizhen , Lv Wenhao , Pu Lei , Fu Li‐Yun
Published: March 2024

Considering the anisotropy of the earth media is helpful in reducing the depth error between seismic and drilling and providing reliable imaging data for seismic interpretation and inversion. Transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry are the most common type of anisotropic media and have been under constant study. The separation of the P‐ and S‐wavefields, which affects the accuracy of elastic wave imaging and the inversion in transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry, is a hot research topic. Among the commonly used wavefield decoupling methods, the S‐wave is typically obtained by subtracting the P‐wave from the total wavefield. However, this kind of wavefield decoupling method often leads to severe P‐wave crosstalk in the separated S‐wavefield; thus, it needs further development. In this paper, the principle that the divergence of the S‐wave is zero is employed to solve the unresolved S‐wave elastic parameters of the S‐wave stiffness matrix by utilizing the modified zero‐order pseudo‐Helmholtz decomposition operator. The obtained S‐wave elastic parameters are employed to construct the qS‐wave stress and facilitate the derivation of the relationship between the qS‐wave particle velocity and the qS‐wave stress. Furthermore, a qS‐wave decoupling first‐order velocity–stress equation, which matches the qP‐wave decoupling first‐order velocity–stress equation, is derived. By jointly using the decoupling equations of qS‐ and qP‐wave, the separation of the P‐ and S‐wavefields in transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry is realized. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated via numerical tests conducted to assess the wavefield separation. Moreover, a complex model is employed to perform elastic reverse‐time migration, resulting in the acquisition of accurate imaging results for PP, PS, SP, and SS waves, without the presence of significant artefacts. The correctness of the qS‐wave decoupling equation in transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry is confirmed by the comparative tests using decoupling methods in isotropic media.
The United States: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: KATZ RICHARD S.
Published: March 2024

The 2023 political year in the United States was dominated by three major themes: the legal problems of former President Donald Trump, particularly in light of his campaign to regain the White House in 2024; the near‐total dysfunctionality of the Republican majority in the House of Representatives; and the state of the economy, especially inflation, but also employment. Lurking in the background, and in large measure captive to these concerns, were the issues of immigration and aid to Israel and Ukraine.
Diosgenin inhibits proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells and induce apoptosis via upregulation of PTEN
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Fang Yun
Published: March 2024

Diosgenin, a natural steroidal sapogenin, has recently attracted a high amount of attention, as an effective anticancer agent in ovarian cancer. However, diosgenin mediated anticancer impacts are still not completely understood. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of diosgenin on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. OVCAR‐3 and SKOV‐3 cells were treated with diosgenin, cellular viability was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis was measured by ELISA and evaluated the protein expression levels of apoptotic markers through western blotting. Cell migration was examined by measuring the mRNA levels of genes involved in the cell invasion. The protein expression levels of main components of PI3K signaling were evaluated via western blotting. Diosgenin led to significant inhibition of cellular proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. It also induced apoptosis through upregulating pro‐apoptotic markers and downregulating antiapoptotic mediators. In addition, OVCAR‐3 cells exposure to diosgenin decreased cell migration and invasion. More importantly, diosgenin downregulated the expression levels of main proteins in PI3K signaling including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and GSK3. Diosgenin inhibited the proliferation and migration of OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer cells and induced apoptosis, which may be mediated by targeting PI3K signaling.
Clinical exome sequencing uncovers genetic disorders in neonates with suspected hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Parobek Christian M. , Zemet Roni , Shanahan Matthew A. , Burnett Brian A. , Mizerik Elizabeth , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Vossaert Liesbeth , Clark Steven L. , Hunter Jill V. , Lalani Seema R.
Published: March 2024

Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in up to 7 out of 1000 births and accounts for almost a quarter of neonatal deaths worldwide. Despite the name, many newborns with HIE have little evidence of perinatal hypoxia. We hypothesized that some infants with HIE have genetic disorders that resemble encephalopathy. We reviewed genetic results for newborns with HIE undergoing exome or genome sequencing at a clinical laboratory (2014–2022). Neonates were included if they had a diagnosis of HIE and were delivered ≥35 weeks. Neonates were excluded for cardiopulmonary pathology resulting in hypoxemia or if neuroimaging suggested postnatal hypoxic–ischemic injury. Of 24 patients meeting inclusion criteria, six (25%) were diagnosed with a genetic condition. Four neonates had variants at loci linked to conditions with phenotypic features resembling HIE, including KIF1A, GBE1, ACTA1, and a 15q13.3 deletion. Two additional neonates had variants in genes not previously associated with encephalopathy, including DUOX2 and PTPN11. Of the six neonates with a molecular diagnosis, two had isolated HIE without apparent comorbidities to suggest a genetic disorder. Genetic diagnoses were identified among neonates with and without sentinel labor events, abnormal umbilical cord gasses, and low Apgar scores. These results suggest that genetic evaluation is clinically relevant for patients with perinatal HIE.