bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of BREXIT Referendum on Indian Stock Market
Authors: Sathyanarayana S. , Gargesha Sudhindra
Published: November 2016

Immediately after World War II, many European nations felt it was important to unite the European nations to form a union for the economic and social benefits.  However, the dream of a “Common European Union” is still quite far from reality.  The EU is the England’s largest business partner.  Almost fifty percent of Britain’s trade is with the EU. Now, Britain’s decision to leave the EU is a death blow to the EU.  Today, the Brexit is viewed as the next big financial event since 2008 subprime crisis causing dent on the global economy.  History has exhibited that stock market plays a major role in any economy. Stock markets have been impacted by various macro and micro economic factors. Therefore, the main objective of this empirical paper is to investigate the pricing behaviour of the chosen benchmark indices (Sensex and Nifty) with respect to a major political event (Brexit referendum) and its implications for regulators, researchers and market participants.  For the purpose of the study the data has been collected from 24-06-2015 to 19-07-2016 and the collected data has been tested for stationarity by applying ADF test. The event study methodology has been employed to determine the impact of Brexit referendum on India stock market.  In order to capture the historical volatility the standard deviation of the abnormal returns of the selected indices has been computed.  GARCH (1,1) model have been employed to ascertain the existence of ARCH/GARCH effect in the indices. We found a significant impact of Brexit referendum on both the chosen indices on the event day.  Nobody knows the actual impact of the Brexit on the world economy in the long run. The bulk of studies on Brexit referendum have concluded that the impact on the Britain’s economy would be significant and adverse. However, the shock on the European Union would be smaller, although no extensive macroeconomic assessment has been published.
Kebijakan Sistem Pemerintahan E-Government di Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Soesetyo Achmad Boedi , Kasiyanto Kasiyanto
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to identify and analyze the implementation of electronic government system (e-government) in Tulungagung Sub-district, to identify and analyze the attitudes and access Tulungagung bureaucrats towards information technology, to identify and analyze Tulungagung bureaucrats and Tulungagung towards e-government policy, and to identify and analyze models of electronic government system (e-government) in accordance with the community's social base in Tulungagung. The methods of this study used qualitative research. Based on the results of this study indicated that the attitudes and access bureaucrats may accept the use of telematics on e-government policy, but the development and use of telematics in Tulungagung is still far from ideal conditions to support e-government policies. This is because they did not had a mature level of readiness to accept the program of e-government policies and require the formulation of a model system should be built based on the clarity of the vision and mission of the Tulungagung Government.
Upaya Optimalisasi Kualitas Pelayanan Publik dalam Pelayanan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik di Kantor Kecamatan Gedangan
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Pujianto Wahyu Eko
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to identify and describe the effort of public service to optimize quality on electronic ID card in Gedangan sub-district office. Electronic ID CARD or e-ID CARD is a document demography who loads the security system/good control of the sides of the administration of or information technology based on database demography national. Inhabitant only allowed having 1 (one) KTP that is listed number the parent demography (NIK). NIK is identity any inhabitant of and force a lifetime. The method of this study used a qualitative approach. Based on the research results showed that the optimization of the ID card services in Sidoarjo has been done through the realization of the socialization of local government in the process of making the e-ID card was free charge. This suggests that socialization in Sidoarjo Regency significantly withcommunity goals in Gedangan Sub-district particularly to carry out their duty as Indonesia citizens.
Keabsahan Kontrak Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum
Authors: Mediawati Noor Fatimah
Published: November 2016

Legal administrative system (sisminbakum) imposed on the environment directorate general of general legal administration (Ditjen AHU) in order to improve the function of legal services by utilizing a computer or website, such as request for approval of the company. This step is taken to overcome the inertia of the manual system. Sisminbakum service users must pay a non-tax revenues (PNBP), also must pay of charge access fees. It is the origin of alleged corruption by all relevant parties. This article explores the validity of the contract includes an agreement (contract Sisminbakum), with the assumption that if the contract is proven valid, this is not worthy of the parties concerned in it jailed. This can be understood that a contract law as the law-makers.
Peran Perangkat Desa dalam Sektor Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kecamatan Tulangan Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Susanti Yaniar Larasita , Afandi Andik
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research were to explain the role and effort are done by officers in the Tulangan Sub-district in collecting land and building tax (PBB), to explain the factors which encourage and inhibit the performance of officers in sub-district tulangan in collecting PBB. This study used descriptive research with qualitative analysis as it describe how tax of land and building are collected by officers in Tulangan Sub-district as well as factors that drives and hinder the duty of tax collector. The result of this research showed that the role of officers in land and building tax sector was merely as tax collector without having the role of motivator toward citizens to pay the tax, so that public participation as land and building taxpayers is low. Many people were still not punctual in paying off their taxes.
Implementasi Kebijakan Parkir Berlangganan dalam Menunjang Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Balahmar Ahmad Riyadh U
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research were to know and describe subscription service in Sidoarjo Regency and implementation of the policy of the subscription in supporting local revenue. Today’s main issue which is appears on public service is the low quality of public services rendered by government officials. One interesting issue to study is the parking subscription service in Sidoarjo Regency. In this case, researcher studied about the parking subscription policy, as imposed by the government, whether it has already supported the local revenue or not. This was a descriptive qualitative research, which used approach in a qualitative manner. The research result indicated that the policy of the parking subscription has been able to support local revenue but the implementation needs to be improvinsied.
Peran Dinas Sosial dan Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Sidoarjo dalam Pemberdayaan Anak Jalanan di Kecamatan Sidoarjo
Authors: Sane'a Sane'a , Agustina Isna Fitria
Published: November 2016

The aims of this research were to describe the role of Social and Labor Department in empowering homeless children in Sidoarjo Subdistrict and to know the type of the empowering that has been done by Social and Labor Department in reducing the number of homeless children. The research method in this study used qualitative with descriptive approach. Based on research result, it is known Social and Labor Department Sidoarjo Regency has big role in empowering homeless children in Sidoarjo Subdistrict. However, there were causing factors that increased the number of homeless children. It was attitude of homeless children which is free life and they were difficult to be handled. Consequently, Social and Labor Department Sidoarjo Regency has strategy to handle homeless children that is by giving religion and moral guidance; increasing the training, developing and creativity of homeless children; developing for parents and health; and also cooperating with involved SKPD such as P2TP2A, BPMPKB, Bappeda, Education Department. This strategy was done in attempt of giving provisions to homeless children so that they will be able to interact better in society which appropriate with courtesy norm, this condition is the opposite with their condition before the developing and training is done.
Implementasi Kebijakan Publik Tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL)
Authors: Suneth Ibnu Sulthan , Ismanto Hadi
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research were to describe policy implementation of planning and empowering street vendors in Sidoarjo regency and its effects. Method of this research used qualitative approach. The results of this research showed that the Sanitation Department had many obstacles to implement this policy related with uncorporate between local government and many departments that involved in this policy implementation. So, there were problem still dicuss in local legislators in order to the mandate of Permendagri number 41 of 2012 on Structuring and Empowering of Street Vendors (PKL) can be realized particular in Sidoarjo Regency. Positive impact in this policy implementation for community could fulfill their needs, while negative impacts were uncomfortable condition when the street vendors sell in public area, highway, and sidewalk.
Fenomena Korupsi Pejabat Publik di Jawa Barat
Authors: Atnan Nur
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research to know and described corruption pattern conducted by government officials, the causes of corruption involving government officials, and effective solution in combating corruption in West Java that should be taken by the law enforcement institutions. This research based on qualitative method by literature research and in depth interview. The research founds that corruption committed in West Java mostly in form of State Budgeting Loss meanwhile; the causes of corruption in West Java were high political cost and taking the loopholes of such regulation. So, It can be solved by the law enforcement institutions must perform better in the eradication of corruption by repairing three sectors such as regulation, organizational structure and legal culture of the officers.
Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: Kurniawan Ferry Duwi , Fauziah Luluk
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study to analyze and describe the empowerment of small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as reduction of poverty in Waru Rejovillage, Gempol Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency as well as describe its supporting and inhibiting factors. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicated the process of empowerment has been done by the government was limited to the provision of capital to develop Small and Medium Enterprises. In this empowerment, there are supporting factors included sufficient of labor, raw materials were cheap and easy to find, law of capital, the support from apparatus village, supply raw materials were easy, agreement of selling price between group members. Meanwhile, inhibiting factor in this empowerment were inadequate or damaged on infrastructure, minimum assistance from the government, lack of waste disposal sites, and nothing of marketing products.
Peran Pemerintah dan Kader Masyarakat dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat untuk Pengolahan Sampah
Authors: Ferdiansyah Mohammad Erdi , Arsiyah Arsiyah
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study to describe and analyze the role of government and Sumringah Ngampelsari interests group on waste management basedempowerment in the Ngampelsari village. This study used qualitative approach. The results of this study indicated that the processing and utilization of organic waste is done by simple composting technology. In order to maximize the results of processing waste become compost, the community maintain ornamental plants and medicinal plants. While, inorganic waste to be processed into valuable goods. Waste management based on empowerment is provided by guidance about awareness to the citizens to cultivate their waste and used compost to plantornamental plants, traditional plants and provided of bins in their neighborhood.
Peran Pemerintah Kabupaten Malang dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah melalui Sektor Pariwisata
Authors: Octastefani Theresia , Kusuma Bayu Mitra Adhyatma
Published: November 2016

This study aims to analyze and describe the role of Malang Regency Government in improving the local economic development through the tourism sector, in this case Balekambang Beach particularly. To analyze this problem, the researchers used the perspective of the New Public Management. This research uses qualitative type of research, descriptive analysis approach, and the interactive data analysis methods of Miles and Huberman. The research results showed that in improving the local economic development through the tourism sector, Malang Regency Government has to play its role as an entrepreneur, coordinator, facilitator, and stimulator with as much as possible to be able to boost regional economic development. Despite in the fact cannot be denied that there are still obstacles or barriers that must be faced in playing the role of the government.
Analisis Pemberdayaan Perempuan Desa (Studi di Desa Bulutengger Kecamatan Sekaran Kabupaten Lamongan)
Authors: Rosdiana Weni
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study described the empowerment in terms of empowerment dimensions and form of women empowerment in the Bulutengger village. This type of research was qualitative descriptive. The results of this study showed that the dimensions of the women empowerment in the  Bulutengger village consists of women's welfare dimension, participation dimension, access dimensions, critical awareness dimensions and  control dimensions. In addition, the form of women's empowerment in the Bulutengger village on empowering social aspects included regular activities of the fostering family welfare, gathering and recitation. Political aspects showed that lack of rural women empowerment. It is caused rural women have not been involved in decision-making at the village level. Empowerment of women in the psychological aspects are lacking because rural women still lack the motivation to improve confidence in arguing in a public forum/village.
Keabsahan Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa
Authors: Santoso Heri
Published: November 2016

This research aimed to discuss the substance of the financial management in the village, the legality of evidence administrative Village Budget (APBDes) and determine the legal basis for the financial management in the village. This research used qualitative descriptive approach. Informants in this study consisted of village head, village secretary, village officials, Rural Community Empowerment Agency (LPMD) and Village Consultative agency (BPD), as well as society in Sidoarjo Regency. These Results from this study were first, namely the preparation of village revenue sources in APBDes into three groups: Revenue Village, transfers and other revenues. Second, common irregularities in a village financial management included financing and spending beyond that is set of APBDes and illegal of payment proof that is made by treasurer. It is aimed to keep orderly bookkeeping. Financial management will be better when supported by the accounting records and supporting evidence properly.
Model Rekrutmen Politik Calon Anggota Legislatif oleh Partai Politik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Riyadh U.B. Ahmad , Sukmana Hendra
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research was to discuss the model of recruiting candidates for legislative is conducted by political parties in Sidoarjo Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted at the Governing Council of Political Parties in Sidoarjo Regency. Informants of this study were leaders of political parties in Sidoarjo, legislative candidates from political parties in Sidoarjo. The results showed that the model of recruiting candidates for legislative in accordance with collaboration models included models of Barber, Snowiss, Rush & Althoff et al. This can be seen from some of the steps in the recruitment socialization of registration, selection, after that determination of legislative candidate by a team of Election Campaign Boar (Bappilu) political party in the Sidoarjo Regency and the serial number in accordance with the criteria of the political party chairman and Election Campaign Boar (Bappilu). Furthermore, it is registered with the General Election Commission (KPU) Sidoarjo regency set to be candidates for Legislative (candidates) remain with serial numbers.
Inkonsistensi Kebijakan Penggunaan Jaring Trawl (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Jaring Trawl oleh Nelayan Wilayah Perairan Gresik)
Authors: Arisandi Arisandi
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to determine the shape of inconsistency of utilization trawl nets policy in Gresik Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative. Sources of data is collected primary data  through interview that is submitted to the Kasat Polair Polres Gresik, Kaur Binops Satpolair Polres Gresik, Kanit Gakkum Satpolair Polres Gresik and those involved in illegal fishing. The research showed that (1) fishing in using trawl nets as habit in one of areas in the waters Gresik, so Regulation of Marine and Fisheries Ministry Number 2 on 2015 of Prohibition of Utilization Hela Trawl Fishing Equipment and Trawl Drag (Seine Nets) in Republic Indonesia Water in accordance with mandate on the article 9 of Law Number 45 of 2009 to be less impact on the reduction of fishing in using trawl nets. (2) The government's attitude did not tight; it is caused incosistency towards prohibition on the use of trawl nets in fishing effort in the territorial waters Gresik. Although it has been banned, but in the end the government in this regard as relented and eventually tolerate even within certain time limits. (3) The fact, incosistency made it difficult taking firm steps to follow up on illegal fishing violations that occurred in the waters of Gresik
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Program Sutera Emas (Studi pada Inovasi Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the concept of health service innovation through sutera emas programs in the Kepanjen Clinic, Malang Regency; process of community empowerment, benefits of community empowerment; as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in community empowerment through sutera emas program. Methods research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research. Informants in this study included sutera emas cadre, village midwife, clinic personnel, Malang District Health Department officials, and local community. The results showed the concept of sutera emas program was undertaken by community as a key informant to the medics that was linked through via sms, then be processed through sutera emas software applications. The process of community empowerment through sutera emas programs performed on the awareness and behavior stages, it is related to the establishment of clean and healthy living and capacity stages through  transfer of knowledge and science to the community that has been done by socialization and training to the sutera emas cadres. Benefits of community empowerment through sutera emas programs namely community as subject and object on the empowerment that served as key informants in its program implementation. Supporting factor in this community empowerment included cooperation and coordination among the stakeholders involved, commitment from local governments, as well as the enthusiasm society. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor included low quality of human resources, lack of funds and lack of public awareness for healthy living.
Pengentasan Kemiskinan pada Masyarakat Pertambakan sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Kawasan Strategis Agropolitan (Studi di Kecamatan Jabon Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Agustina Isna Fitria
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research described the implementation of the strategic development of the strategic agropolitan area in Jabon district Sidoarjo and described the factors that become an obstacle in the implementation of poverty alleviation social. This study used a qualitative method with descriptive data approach, to gather information through interviews, observation and document analysis. Data analysis is performed with data reduction, presentation and conclusion. The conclusion of this study emphasized that there are two important factors that indicate the results of the development of strategic areas agropolitan such as supporting poverty reduction is still less than optimal. This happens due to several factors namely sub-systems such as the development of agricultural resources and competitive commodities, public facilities and infrastructure, social and agribusiness are required for a support haven’t been provided by the local government to the village administration in the region Jabon. Second the inhibiting factor both government and society itself. The services provided by the district governments do not make the people satisfied besides the communication between the government districts and communities do not occur regularly. In this case, their lack of knowledge and information on how the resource is used as a tool of social poverty alleviation.  This happens because the level of public education remains low and access in the process of fulfilling the knowledge and information is still limited.
The Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solutions Using Malvaparviflora
Authors: Farhan Ahlam Mohammed , Jassim Rasha Abed , Kadhim Nafeesa J.
Published: November 2016

In this study, the adsorption of Zn (NO3)2 is carried out by using surfaces of malvaparviflora. The validity of the adsorption is evaluated by using atomic absorption Spectrophotometry through determination the amount of adsorbed Zn (NO3)2. Various parameters such as PH, adsorbent weight and contact time are studied in terms of their effect on the reaction progress. Furthermore, Lagergren’s equation is used to determine adsorption kinetics. It is observed that high removal of Zn (NO3)2 is obtained at PH=2. High removal of Zn (NO3)2 is at the time equivalent of 60 min and reaches equilibrium,where 0.25gm is the best weight of adsorbant . For kinetics the reaction onto malvaparviflora follows pseudo first order Lagergren’s equation.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbofuran with Diazotized Benzidine in Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Dhahir Saadiyah A. , Mohammed Noor J. , Narren Shetha F.
Published: November 2016

A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determing carbamate pesticides in both pure and water samples. The method is appropriate for the determination of carbofuran in the presence of other ingredients that are usually available in dosage forms. The effect of organic solvents on the spectrophotometric properties of the azo dye and the structure of the resulting product have also been worked out and it is found to be 1:1 benzidine :carbofuran. The method can be successfully applied to determination of carbofuran in water samples. The method is based on diazotization of Benzidine (4, 4 – diamino biphenyl) with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with carbofuran in alkaline medium to form a yellow colored azo dye having the absorption maximum at 429nm against reagent blank solution. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of (0-14) ?g of 10mL carbofuran. Molar absorptivity of 1×104 L.mol-1.cm-1 which depend on the concentration level of carbofuran.
Degradation of Brilliant Green by Using a bentonite Clay- Based Fe Nano Composite Film as a Heterogeneous Photo- Fenton Catalyst.
Authors: AL-Saade Khulood Abid Saleh , Saidi Shatha Fadel Al- , Juad Hamdia Hateem
Published: November 2016

This paper aims to study the chemical degradation of Brilliant Green in water via photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) and Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) reaction. Fe- B nano particles are applied as incrustation in the inner wall surface of reactor. The data form X- Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that Fe- B nanocomposite catalyst consist mainly of SiO2 (quartz) and Fe2O3 (hematite) crystallites. B.G dye degradation is estimated to discover the catalytic action of Fe- B synthesized surface in the presence of UVC light and hydrogen peroxide. B.G dye solution with 10 ppm primary concentration is reduced by 99.9% under the later parameter 2ml H2O2, pH= 7, temperature =25°C within 10 min. It is clear that pH of the solution affects the photo- catalytic degradation of B.G dye. All the conditions above have been studied to reach the optimum operation condition for the two processes Fenton and photo- Fenton. The B.G degradation process follows first- order reaction rules. Photo- Fenton process causes a more efficient oxidation rate than the Fenton process. So, the photo- Fenton degradation is an effective and economic process by producing higher percentage of degradation and mineralization in short radiation time.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium Using Indigo Carmine -Application in Various Samples
Authors: Shekho Najih H. , Mahmoud Hind A.
Published: November 2016

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of chromium is studied. The method is based on the interaction of chromium with indigo carmine dye in acidic medium and the presence of oxalates as a catalyst for interaction, and after studying the absorption spectrum of the solution resulting observed decrease in the intensity of the absorption. As happened (Bleaching) for color dye, this palace and directly proportional to the chromium (VI) amount was measured intensity of the absorption versus solution was figurehead at a wavelength of 610 nm. A plot of absorbance with chromium (VI) concentration gives a straight line indicating that Beer’s law has been obeyed over the range of 0.5 -70 µg /25 ml, i.e., 0.02- 2.8 ppm with a molar absorptivity of chromium (VI) 1.71? 104 l.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0030 µg.cm-2 .The detection limit of chromium was (DL) 0.0012 µg.mL-1 and a relative standard deviation of ? (0.70 -1.86)% depended on the concentration level. The method is developed for the determination of chromium(III) and has been successfully applied to the determination of chromium in various water samples, Pharmaceutical preparations ,standard rock sample of (MRG-1).
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Pyrazoline and Isoxazoline Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Al-Naseeri Ali K. Alywee
Published: November 2016

In this paper some chalcones (C1-C8) are prepared based on the reaction of one mole of substituted acetophenone with one mole of substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of (40%) sodium hydroxide as a base. Pyrazolines (P1–P8) are prepared from the reaction of chalcones (C1-C8) with hydrazine hydrate.
Isoxazoline (I1-I8) is prepared from the reaction of chalcones (C1-C8) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of (10%) sodium hydroxide as a base. These compounds are characterized by using various physical and spectral methods. The compounds are screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity using gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Several derivatives of pyrazolines and isoxazolines are produced well to moderate activities against number of bacteria.
A Combinatorial Approach to Obtain the Yield Probability Distribution along a Linearly-Loaded Cantilever Beam
Authors: Ali Rasha A. , Ali Muthanna A.
Published: November 2016

The substantial key to initiate an explicit statistical formula for a physically specified continua is to consider a derivative expression, in order to identify the definitive configuration of the continua itself. Moreover, this statistical formula is to reflect the whole distribution of the formula of which the considered continua is the most likely to be dependent. However, a somewhat mathematically and physically tedious path to arrive at the required statistical formula is needed. The procedure in the present research is to establish, modify, and implement an optimized amalgamation between Airy stress function for elastically-deformed media and the multi-canonical joint probability density functions for multivariate distribution completion, so that the developed distribution is to exhibit a sophisticated illustration of yield probability distribution along a cantilever beam whose structure is subjected to a linearly-distributed load. This combinatorial approach is to clarify the intensity of the stresses exerted onto the beam, to standardize the terms of stresses and their affection and to convert them into a more significant depiction of a probability distribution.
Peer Review : Critical Process of a Scholarly Publication
Authors: Bahishti Adam A
Published: November 2016

The quality of an article is a critical parameter for the success of any scholarly journal, and the Journal of Modern Materials (JMM) is no exception. Peer review process presents a barrier prior to publication which acts as a quality control filter in science. Typically, the journal editor assigns submitted paper to two or more qualified peers – recognized experts in the relevant field. The reviewers will then submit detailed criticism of the paper along with a recommendation to reject, accept with major revisions, accept with minor revisions, or accept as it is. The quality and consistency of peer review will be the key success for the Journal of Modern Materials.
Kontrasepsi Hormonal Meningkatkan Kadar α-Amylase Saliva
Authors: Handajani Juni , Puspita Rini Maya , Amelia Rizki
Published: November 2016

Salivary α-amylase atau α-amylase saliva (SAA) adalah salah satu enzim dalam saliva yang berperan penting pada inisiasi digesti karbohidrat dan fungsi interaksi bakteri. Kontrasepsi hormonal sangat populer di Indonesia untuk mencegah kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar SAA wanita pemakai kontrasepsi pil dan suntik. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 perempuan usia 20-35 tahun. Prosedur penelitian telah mendapat persetujuan dari Komite Etik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (pemakai kontrasepsi pil, suntik, dan kontrol), masing-masing 10 perempuan. Kriteria subjek antara lain subjek sehat, tidak menggunakan alat ortodontik, protesa atau mahkota, serta menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal lebih dari 3 bulan. Sampel saliva dikumpulkan pada sore hari (16.00-18.00 WIB) selama 1 menit dengan metode tanpa stimulasi. Kadar tingkat SAA diukur menggunakan ELISA kit (Salimetrics LLC) dengan Optical Density (OD) pada 405 nm. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar SAA tertinggi pada perempuan pemakai kontrasepsi  pil dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara tiga kelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa kontrasepsi hormonal meningkatkan kadar SAA.Hormonal Contraceptive Increased The Level of Salivary Α-Amylase. Salivary α-amylase (SAA) is one of the most important enzymes in saliva. This enzyme was mainly involved in the initiation of the digestion of starch in the oral cavity and has significant bacterial interactive function. Hormonal contraceptives are very popular in Indonesia to avoid pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the level of SAA in woman who taking pill and by injection contraceptives. Thirty women were in subjects, 20-35 years old, approval ethical clearance from Ethic Committee Medical Faculty of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta Indonesia. Subjects were divided into three groups (taking pill contraceptive, by injection contraceptive and control). Each group consisted ten women. Criteria for issue were medication free, healthy, no orthodontic treatment, no prosthesis or crown and took hormonal contraceptives more than three months. Saliva samples were collected at afternoon (16.00-18.00 pm) for 1 minute using unstimulating method. The level of SAA was measured by ELISA kit (Salimetrics LLC). Optical Density was read on a standard plate at 405 nm. Data for level SAA were analyzed using ANOVA (p<0.05). Results showed the highest level of SAA in woman who takes pill contraceptive, and there were significant differences between the three groups. This study is suggesting that the hormonal contraceptive increased the level of SAA.
Penatalaksanaan Repair Palatoplasty dengan Teknik Furlow Double Opposing Z Plasty
Authors: Arindra Pingky Krisna , Prihartiningsih Prihartiningsih , Rahardjo Bambang Dwi
Published: November 2016

Kasus bibir dan lelangit sumbing merupakan salah satu kelainan deformitas yang sering terjadi. Keadaan klinis bervariasi mulai dari kasus sumbing tidak komplit sampai dengan komplit. Keadaan klinis dengan lebar celah yang bervariasi membutuhkan teknik pembedahan yang tepat. Pasien-pasien dengan bibir dan atau lelangit sumbing mungkinsebelumnya telah menjalani beberapa intervensi pembedahan, sehingga sering memerlukan koreksi lebih lanjut untuk memperbaiki hasil operasi sebelumnya. Pasien anak laki-laki usia 4 tahun 7 bulan mengeluhkan masih terdapatnya celah di lelangit. Pasien didiagnosis dengan labiognatopalatoschisis bilateral. Sebelumnya pasein sudah menjalani 4 kali operasi penutupan celah bibir dan lelangit. Pasien menjalani 2 kali operasi bibir sumbing dengan metode lip adhesion dan metode Barsky, dan 2 kali operasi lelangit sumbing dengan metode pushback dilanjutkan dengan koreksi dengan z plasty, tetapi hasil akhir masih terdapat celah di palatum mole. Selanjutnya dilakukan operasi repair palatoplasi denganmetode Furlow double opposing z plasty dengan kombinasi insisi lateral, dan didapatkan hasil menutupnya celah di palatum mole sampai dengan uvula. Telah dilakukan operasi repair palatoplasi dengan metode Furlow double opposing z plasty. Teknik ini dilakukan untuk menghindari insisi yang terlalu luas dikarenakan terdapatnya jaringan fibrous yang tebal pada mukosa palatum pasca operasi sebelumnya. Tujuan studi kasus adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan teknik Furlow Double Opposing Z Plasty sebagai prosedur repair palatoplasty. Repair Palatoplasty Management with Furlow Double Opposing Z Plasty Technique. Cases of cleft lip and palate are one of the deformity disorders that often occur. There are variety of clinical appearance ranging from incomplete to complete cases. Clinical appearance with different width requires proper surgical technique. Patients with cleft lip and palate had undergone surgical intervention, so that they needed surgical correction to repair the result or failure of the previous surgery. A Four year old boy complain there was cleft on the soft palate. The patient was diagnosed with labiognatopalatoscisis. The patient had undergone two stages of cleft lip surgery and twice of cleft palate surgery with pushback method and repair with z plasty, however the result was unsatisfactory. Further, the patient underwent repair palatoplasty surgery with Furlow double opposing z plasty method combined with lateral relaxing insicion. The result in the post surgery was the closure of cleft soft palate up to uvula. Repair palataplasty surgery has been done with Furlow double opposing z plasty method. This technique could avoid extended incision due to thick fibrous tissue on the palatum mucosa as the result of serial previous surgery. The aim of this case case study is to determine the technical capabilities of Furlow Double Opposing Z Plasty as palatoplasty repair procedure.
Pembuatan Pasta Gigi Katekin Teh Hijau dan Uji Daya Hambat terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans dan Lactobascillus Ascidopillus
Authors: Fajriani Fajriani , Djide Sartini
Published: November 2016

Pembuatan pasta gigi ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan peneliti agar memudahkan masyarakat menggunakan bahan alami katekin teh hijau yang hasilnya langsung di uji efektifitasnya terhadap daya hambat bakteri kariogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pembuatan prodak pasta gigi katekin teh hijau dengan formula yang sesuai dengan hasil uji dan melakukan pengujian daya hambat pasta gigi katekin teh hijau terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans dan lactobacillus acidophilus. Pembuatan pasta gigi katekin teh hijau didahului dengan pembuatan ekstrak katekin dan uji konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) dan uji konsentrasi bunuh minimal (KBH) menggunakan metode dilusi cair.Peracikan formula dan pembuatan pasta gigi katekin teh hijau dilakukan sesuai hasil uji KHM (MIC). Pasta gigi katekin teh hijau ini dilakukan pengukuran kadar total flavonoid dan total polifenol, selanjutnya pengukuran uji daya hambat pasta gigi katekin teh hijau dilakukan dengan metode difusi menggunakan well (sumuran) sebagai reservoar sampel uji terhadap bakteri streptococus mutans dan lactobacilus acidophilus. Hasil diperoleh prodak pasta gigi katekin teh hijau dengan kandungan kadar flavonoid 77% dan kadar polifenol 41%, sedangkan hasil uji diameter hambatan pasta gigi katekin teh hijau terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans 17,2 mm dan bakteri lactobacillus acidophilus 19,6 mm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa prodak katekin teh hijau ini sangat efektif digunakan sehari-hari sebagai perawatan gigi dan juga sebagai antibakteri kariogenik. Making Green Tea Catechin Toothpaste and Inhibition Test Against Streptococcus Mutans and Acidophilus Lactobaccilus. The manufacture of this toothpaste is motivated by the desire of researchers to facilitate the public to use natural ingredients of green tea catechins whose result effectiveness against cariogenic bacteria was directly tested inhibition. This study is to find the right formula composition for greentea catechins toothpaste based on the result of the inhibition properties of greentea cathecins against tostreptococcus mutans dan lactobacillus acidophilus. The manufacture of greentea catechins toothpaste was after making catechins extracts and testing minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) using liquid dilution method. The toothpaste was then made according to the result of MIC. The toothpaste’s flavonoid and polyphenol total contain was measured; then the inhibition property of the toothpaste to was measured using diffusion method with wells as the sample reservoar for streptococus mutans dan lactobacilus acidophilus. It is found that the toothpaste contains 77% flavonoid and 41% polyphenol, and the diameter of the inhibition property of green tea catechyn is 17.2 mm for streptococus mutans and 19.6 mm for lactobacilus acidophilus. This result shows that greentea catechyn toothpaste is very effective for daily oral care which is antibacterial.
KOROSIVITAS KOAGULAN ASAM SULFAT PADA PERALATAN DI PABRIK PENGOLAHAN KARET ALAM
Authors: Vachlepi Afrizal , Suwardin Didin
Published: November 2016

Salah satu tahapan penting dalam pengolahan karet alam adalah proses penggumpalan (koagulasi) yang memerlukan bahan penggumpal (koagulan). Survei yang dilakukan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan menunjukkan bahwa koagulan yang paling banyak digunakan petani adalah asam sulfat. Penggunaan asam sulfat sebagai koagulan karet alam dapat memicu terjadinya korosi pada peralatan di pabrik pengolahan karet alam karena sifatnya yang korosif. Aplikasi asam sulfat 2% sebagai koagulan meningkatkan laju korosi logam baja yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai bahan utama peralatan di pabrik pengolahan karet alam. Laju korosi logam baja dalam lingkungan asam sulfat tergolong korosi yang buruk/jelek. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang disebabkan dari proses korosi logam baja perlu dilakukan tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian korosi. Beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan serangan korosi antara lain menggunakan koagulan tidak korosif, menggunakan peralatan dengan material khusus yang tahan terhadap serangan korosi dan menggunakan senyawa inhibitor yang mampu menghambat proses korosi.
Education in Emergencies: A Review of Theory and Research
Authors: Burde Dana , Kapit Amy , Wahl Rachel L. , Guven Ozen , Skarpeteig Margot Igland
Published: November 2016

In this article, we conduct an integrative and rigorous review of theory and research on education in emergencies programs and interventions as international agencies implement them in areas of armed conflict. We ask several questions. How did this subfield emerge and what are the key conceptual frameworks that shape it today? How do education in emergencies programs affect access, learning, and protection in conflict-affected contexts? To answer these questions, we identify the conceptual frameworks and theoretical advances that have occurred since the inception of the field in the mid-1990s. We review the theories that frame the relationship between education and conflict as well as empirical research that tests assumptions that underpin this relationship. Finally, we assess what we know to date about “what works” in education in emergencies based on intervention research. We find that with regard to access, diminished or inequitable access to education drives conflict; conflict reduces boys’ and girls’ access to education differently; and decreased distance to primary school increases enrollment and attendance significantly for boys and even more so for girls. With regard to learning, education content likely contributes to or mitigates conflict, although the mechanisms through which it does so remain underspecified; and peace education programs show promise in changing attitudes and behaviors toward members of those perceived as the “other,” at least in the short term. Finally, providing children living in emergency and postemergency situations with structured, meaningful, and creative activities in a school setting or in informal learning spaces improves their emotional and behavioral well-being.
Creativity, Translation, and Teaching Old English Poetry
Authors: Brookman Helen , Robinson Olivia
Published: November 2016

This article explores the benefits to undergraduate learning, and the broader critical significance of, the ‘creative translation’ of Old English literature. First-year students of English language and literature at Oxford University were encouraged to inhabit and understand poetic texts by producing creative, free modern versions that responded to the content, form, style, and sound of the source text. How far this approach helps students is analysed through their own perspectives on the process, gathered via interviews. Their writing is explored as a visible product of their learning, and as a creative-critical response to medieval texts: in particular, did the process of collaborative composition give the students a uniquely experiential insight into Old English poetic practice? Thus some broader conceptual issues in the fields Old English literary studies and translation studies are approached through teaching, learning, and creative-critical practice.
Comparison of Degradation on Aluminum Reflectors for Solar Collectors due to Outdoor Exposure and Accelerated Aging
Authors: Wette Johannes , Sutter Florian , Fernández-García Aránzazu , Ziegler Stefan , Dasbach Reinhard
Published: November 2016

Reflectors for concentrated solar thermal technologies need to withstand 20 or even 30 years of outdoor exposure without significant loss of solar specular reflectance. In order to test the durability of innovative reflectors within a shorter period of time, an accelerated aging methodology is required. The problem with accelerated testing is that poor correlation between laboratory and field test results has been achieved in the past. This is mainly because unrealistic degradation mechanisms are accelerated in the weathering chambers. In order to define a realistic testing procedure, a high number of accelerated aging tests have been performed on differently coated aluminum reflectors. The degradation mechanisms of the accelerated tests have been classified and systematically compared to samples that have been exposed at nine different exposure sites outdoors. Besides the standardized aging tests, innovative aging procedures have been developed in such way that the agreement to the degradation pattern observed outdoors is increased. Although degradation depends on materials and location, five generic degradation mechanisms were detected. Standardized tests only reproduced one or two of the five mechanisms detected outdoors. Additionally, several degradation effects that were not observed outdoors appeared. The innovative accelerated aging tests of artificially soiled samples were able to reproduce three of the five mechanisms observed outdoors, presenting a much more realistic overall degradation pattern.
Developing and Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Options in Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study in Southwestern Oregon, USA
Authors: Halofsky Jessica , Peterson David , Metlen Kerry , Myer M. , Sample V.
Published: November 2016

Climate change will likely have significant effects on forest ecosystems worldwide. In Mediterranean regions, such as that in southwestern Oregon, USA, changes will likely be driven mainly by wildfire and drought. To minimize the negative effects of climate change, resource managers require tools and information to assess climate change vulnerabilities and to develop and implement adaptation actions. We developed an approach to facilitate development and implementation of climate change adaptation options in forest management. This approach, applied in a southwestern Oregon study region, involved establishment of a science–manager partnership, a science-based assessment of forest and woodland vulnerabilities to climate change, climate change education in multiple formats, hands-on development of adaptation options, and application of tools to incorporate climate change in planned projects. Through this approach, we improved local manager understanding of the potential effects of climate change in southwestern Oregon, and enabled evaluation of proposed management activities in the context of climatic stressors. Engaging managers throughout the project increased ownership of the process and outcomes, as well as the applicability of the adaptation options to on-the-ground actions. Science–management partnerships can effectively incorporate evolving science, regardless of the socio-political environment, and facilitate timely progress in adaptation to climate change.
Investigating Discontinuity of Age Relations in Cognitive Functioning, General Health Status, Activity Participation, and Life Satisfaction between Young-Old and Old-Old Age
Authors: Ihle Andreas , Jopp Daniela , Oris Michel , Fagot Delphine , Kliegel Matthias
Published: November 2016

Health research suggests that findings on young-old adults cannot be generalized to old-old adults and thus that old-old age seems not a simple continuation of young-old age due to qualitative changes that result in a discontinuity in old age. Specifically, it would be of conceptual and methodological importance to inform research regarding estimates around which chronological age the beginning of old-old age could be placed at a population level, and whether this is universal or domain-specific. To derive such criteria, we investigated potential discontinuity of age relations between young-old and old-old age in a large population-based sample considering measures in different domains (processing speed, verbal abilities, general health status, activity participation, and life satisfaction). For processing speed, verbal abilities, general health status, and life satisfaction we observed some very small indication that there might be a discontinuity of age relations at the end of individuals’ eighties, and for activity participation already at the beginning of individuals’ eighties. In conclusion, models conceptualizing aging as a gradual development might not suffice to adequately represent the differences between the stages of young-old and old-old age due to some very small indication that there might be discontinuity in late adulthood.