bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Savage and Laplace: a new approach to ambiguity
Authors: Diedrich Ralf
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a new representation of preference orderings for the study of ambiguity-related decision-making. The central feature is a preference-based decomposition of subjective probabilities that provides information about inherent ambiguity. The probability decomposition is combined with a utility function reflecting the decision-maker’s attitude toward ambiguity. The proposed theory generalizes Savage’s SEU and allows for a straightforward measurement of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion while keeping concepts for measuring risk and risk attitudes unaffected. For the measurement of ambiguity, concepts of probability theory can be used since decision acts can be interpreted as two-dimensional probability distributions. The proposed measure of ambiguity aversion exploits the properties of the utility function in the same way as the Arrow/Pratt measure of risk aversion.
Digitally Scaffolded Vulnerability: Facebook’s Recommender System as an Affective Scaffold and a Tool for Mind Invasion
Authors: Figà-Talamanca Giacomo
Published: April 2024

I aim to illustrate how the recommender systems of digital platforms create a particularly problematic kind of vulnerability in their users. Specifically, through theories of scaffolded cognition and scaffolded affectivity, I argue that a digital platform’s recommender system is a cognitive and affective artifact that fulfills different functions for the platform’s users and its designers. While it acts as a content provider and facilitator of cognitive, affective and decision-making processes for users, it also provides a continuous and detailed amount of information to platform designers regarding users’ cognitive and affective processes. This dynamic, I argue, engenders a kind of vulnerability in platform users, structuring a power imbalance between designers and users. This occurs because the recommender system can not only gather data on users’ cognitive and affective processes, but also affects them in an unprecedentedly economic and capillary manner. By examining one instance of ethically problematic practice from Facebook, I specifically argue that rather than being a tool for manipulating or exploiting people, digital platforms, especially by their underlying recommender systems, can single out and tamper with specific cognitive and affective processes as a tool specifically designed for mind invasion. I conclude by reflecting how the understanding of such AI systems as tools for mind invasion highlights some merits and shortcomings of the AI Act with regards to the protection of vulnerable people.
Human and camel cystic echinococcosis – a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for its serodiagnosis with molecular identification
Authors: Maher A. , Toaleb N. I. , Shaapan R. M. , Aboelsoued D. , Salman M. B. , Zaky S.
Published: April 2024

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an emergent neglected disease affecting human and animals in Egypt with a wide distribution and incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antigen in human and camel sera. Hydatid cyst protoscoleces antigen (PsAg) was isolated from hydatid cysts collected from naturally infected camel livers and lungs. PsAg was used for immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (IgG PsAb). IgG PsAb were then precipitated, purified using Protein-A Sepharose gel and labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzyme. We assayed the purity of the IgG PsAb, and the two prepared E. granulosus antigens CPsAg from camel cysts and HPsAg from human cysts by Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The resulted protein bands of the prepared CPsAg appeared at different molecular weights: 180, 90, 68, 54, 42 and 22 kDa while, HPsAg shared with it in 4 common bands at 68, 54, 42, and 22 kDa. The purified IgG PsAb had been resolved at two bands at 52 kDa and at 32 kDa. Sandwich ELISA were performed for the detection of circulating E. granulosus antigens in sera of human (n = 183) and camels (n = 190). The purified IgG PsAb showed strong reactivity against E. granulosus infected human and camel samples and no cross reactivity neither with free-healthy negative sera nor with others parasitic diseases (Schistosomiasis, Fascioliasis, Toxoplasmosis, Ancylostomiasis for human samples and Fascioliasis, ticks’ infestation, Eimeriosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Nasal myiasis, Toxoplasmosis for camel samples). The sensitivity of the assay was 98.25% (56/57) and 96.9% (31/32) against human and camel samples, respectively. Specificity was 100% in both human and camel samples. Sandwich ELISA detected CE in 33.3% (24/72) and 55.6% (50/90) random human and camel samples, respectively. Indirect ELISA, using CPsAg, was used for detection of antibodies in positive human and camels’ sera and detected 96.5% (55/57) and 93.8% (30/32) of human and camel samples, respectively. In our study, Genomic DNA was extracted from protoscoleces fluid of human liver hydatid cysts to identify the Echinococcus sp. isolate based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the isolate (GenBank: OP785689.1) were identified as E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. In conclusion, Sandwich ELISA technique was found to be a potent and sensitive assay for detection of hydatid antigen in both human and camel samples.
Reduction of the harmful NOx pollutants emitted from the ship engines using high-pressure selective catalytic reduction system
Authors: Bayramoğlu Kubilay , Yılmaz Semih , Nuran Mustafa
Published: April 2024

Various techniques are used to reduce harmful pollutants such as NOX emissions from ships. Selective catalyst reduction (SCR) systems are the most effective technique used to reduce NOX emissions. In this study, the effects of an SCR reactor on NOX emissions and performance in high-pressure selective catalytic reduction (HP-SCR) systems were investigated numerically. In numerical studies, the effects of SCR system diameter, output form, catalyst activation energy, mixing zone length, and location were investigated as parametric, and the most suitable system geometry was determined. The effects of geometric parameters and catalyst type on emission and performance such as NOX reduction, NH3 slip, velocity, and pressure loss were investigated. It was determined that with increasing system diameter, whereas the NOX reduction performance increased depending on exhaust velocity, the pressure drop decreased, and the most suitable system diameter was determined as 780 mm. Furthermore, the obtained results showed that the performance of NOX reduction decreased after 2 × 106 kJ/kmol activation energy, and the most suitable SCR output form was conical geometry. In terms of the environment, this study will contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals such as climate action (SDG 13).
The effects of a firm’s internationalization, age, and environmental turbulence on the capabilities that comprise strategic agility
Authors: de Diego Ruiz Enrique , Almodóvar Paloma , Birkinshaw Julian
Published: April 2024

This study investigates a largely unexplored area by examining how internationalization, firm age, and environmental turbulence influence the key components of strategic agility, namely strategic sensitivity, leadership unity, and resource fluidity. Although these factors have been identified as potential catalysts for strategic agility, their specific impacts on strategic agility’s core capabilities have yet to be thoroughly explored. Our research aims to bridge this gap, providing a nuanced understanding of how each of these variables shapes the strategic agility of a firm. The study uses the empirical research of 220 Spanish firms in the service sector and then adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Our findings indicate that internationalization has a dual effect on strategic agility: internationalization enhances strategic sensitivity, reflecting improved environmental awareness, but it diminishes leadership unity, illustrating the complexities of global leadership alignment. Additionally, an increase in firm age is associated with a decrease in all the aspects of strategic agility. By contrast, environmental turbulence positively impacts each dimension of strategic agility, suggesting that turbulent conditions can indeed promote the adaptability and responsiveness of a firm.
Problematic Online Behaviours among University Students and Associations with Psychological Distress Symptoms and Emotional Role Limitations: A Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Magdalena , Borda-Mas Mercedes , Rivera Francisco , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: April 2024

Very little research has simultaneously explored the interactions between generalized problematic internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), problematic online gaming (POG), psychological distress, and emotional well-being among university students. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine (i) the associations between GPIU, PSMU, and POG symptoms, (ii) whether symptoms of these three problematic online behaviours form distinct entities, and (iii) whether there are associations between problematic online behaviours, psychological distress symptoms, and emotional role limitations using network analysis. A total of 807 Spanish university students participated (57.7% female; Mage = 21.22 years [SD = 3.68]). Two network models were computed. Network 1 showed a complex interaction of nodes, with particularly strong connections between analogous symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Symptoms organised into distinct dimensions, featuring a unique dimension for POG symptoms, one that includes preoccupation and a conflict symptom of GPIU, and two other dimensions with symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Network 2 showed significant connections between GPIU and depression, GPIU and emotional role limitations, PSMU and anxiety, PSMU and emotional role limitations, POG and depression, and POG and anxiety. The findings support the conceptualization of GPIU as a nonspecific disorder, the independence of PSMU and POG as distinct constructs, and aligning with perspectives that separate POG from the GPIU spectrum. The study reinforces the model of compensatory internet use and emphasizes the impact of problematic online behaviours on emotional well-being. The findings have practical implications for the assessment and intervention of problematic online behaviours.
A Price Too High: Injury and Assault among Delivery Gig Workers in New York City
Authors: Laskaris Zoey , Hussein Mustafa , Stimpson Jim P. , Vignola Emilia F. , Shahn Zach , Cohen Nevin , Baron Sherry
Published: April 2024

The occupational health burden and mechanisms that link gig work to health are understudied. We described injury and assault prevalence among food delivery gig workers in New York City (NYC) and assessed the effect of job dependence on injury and assault through work-related mechanisms and across transportation modes (electric bike and moped versus car). Data were collected through a 2022 survey commissioned by the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection among delivery gig workers between October and December 2021 in NYC. We used modified Poisson regression models to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratio associations between job dependence and injury and assault. Of 1650 respondents, 66.9% reported that food delivery gig work was their main or only job (i.e., fully dependent). About 21.9% and 20.8% of respondents reported being injured and assaulted, respectively. Injury and assault were more than twice as prevalent among two-wheeled drivers, in comparison to car users. Fully dependent respondents had a 1.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.16) and a 1.36 (95% CI 1.03, 1.80) times greater prevalence of injury and assault, respectively, than partially dependent respondents after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, employment length, transportation mode, and weekly work hours. These findings suggest that fully dependent food delivery gig workers, especially two-wheeled riders, are highly vulnerable to the negative consequences of working conditions under algorithmic management by the platforms. Improvements to food delivery gig worker health and safety are urgently needed, and company narratives surrounding worker autonomy and flexibility need to be revisited.
Convex Representation of Metabolic Networks with Michaelis–Menten Kinetics
Authors: Taylor Josh A. , Rapaport Alain , Dochain Denis
Published: April 2024

Polyhedral models of metabolic networks are computationally tractable and can predict some cellular functions. A longstanding challenge is incorporating metabolites without losing tractability. In this paper, we do so using a new second-order cone representation of the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The resulting model consists of linear stoichiometric constraints alongside second-order cone constraints that couple the reaction fluxes to metabolite concentrations. We formulate several new problems around this model: conic flux balance analysis, which augments flux balance analysis with metabolite concentrations; dynamic conic flux balance analysis; and finding minimal cut sets of networks with both reactions and metabolites. Solving these problems yields information about both fluxes and metabolite concentrations. They are second-order cone or mixed-integer second-order cone programs, which, while not as tractable as their linear counterparts, can nonetheless be solved at practical scales using existing software.
Bedrohte Eltern-Kind-Bindung auf der Neonatologie
Authors: Freiburghaus Nadine , Stähli Miléna , Eissler Andrea Barbara , Zumstein-Shaha Maya
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Frühgeborene Kinder brauchen oft längere Betreuung auf einer Neonatologie und sind daher von Eltern getrennt. Förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren für den Eltern-Kind-Bindungsaufbau aus Sicht der Eltern und der Fachpersonen sind kaum beschrieben.

Methoden

Dafür wurde eine qualitative Studie in einem universitären Zentrumsspital der Schweiz mit betroffenen Eltern und Fachpersonen durchführt. Die Eltern (7 Frauen, 2 Männer) wurden mittels Einzel- und Zweierinterviews durchgeführt. Den Fachpersonen (n = 125) wurde der Fragebogen FINC-na online zum Ausfüllen zugesendet. Zusätzlich wurden Interviews mit ausgewählten Fachpersonen durchgeführt (12 Frauen, 2 Männer). Transkribierte Interviewdaten wurden inhaltlich und thematisch analysiert. Soziodemografische und FINC-na-Daten wurden mit R statistisch behandelt.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden n = 9 einzelne Eltern (7 Frauen, 2 Männer) befragt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Eltern ihre Rolle finden müssen und sich fühlen, als lebten sie in zwei Welten. Fast die Hälfte der angeschriebenen Fachpersonen (45 %) füllten die Online-Version des FINC-na komplett aus. Zusätzlich wurden n = 14 Personen (12 Frauen, 2 Männer) in Einzel- und Gruppeninterviews befragt. Für die Fachpersonen war der Umgang mit anwesenden Eltern herausfordernd, insbesondere bei knappen personellen Ressourcen.

Schlussfolgerung und Fazit für die Praxis

Der Gesundheitszustand des Kindes und strukturelle Gegebenheiten beeinflussen den Bindungsaufbau. Auf Neonatologien sollten Möglichkeiten für körperliche elterliche Nähe regelmäßig und oft gefunden werden. Ebenso ist nötig, dass die Eltern in der selbständigen Versorgung des Kindes gefördert werden. Dabei ist es unumgänglich, dass Fachpersonen eine positive Haltung zum Einbezug der Eltern entwickeln.
Ecology of emergency care in lower-tier
healthcare providers in Ghana: an empirical data-driven Bayesian network analytical
approach
Authors: Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Nunfam Victor Fannam , Kwanin Bernard Agyei , Frimpong Kwasi
Published: April 2024

The healthcare landscape in Ghana is primarily composed of lower-tier
providers, which serve as the initial  point of contact for most medical emergencies.
This study aimed to assess the emergency care preparedness and readiness of primary
healthcare providers using a robust evaluation approach. A multicentre retrospective
cross-sectional study was conducted on  460 healthcare facilities  using the
standardised Health Facilities Emergency Preparedness Assessment Tool (HeFEPAT). Data
were analysed via Bayesian Belief network. Emergency preparedness was associated with
facility location, type, ownership, and in-charge personnel. Over 70% of facilities
lacked specialised emergency/critical care personnel. Although 65% of in-charges
reported protocol knowledge, only 7.8% could execute cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 90%
of facilities lacked onsite defibrillators, and over 80% had no cerebrovascular accident
medications. Road traffic accident protocols were largely unavailable, with an 
estimated 53% probability of  lacking such protocols. Private-owned facilities were more
likely to lack protocols for road traffic accidents (76% vs 20% probability) and general
acute care (62% vs 32%) compared to government-owned facilities. Significant gaps in
emergency preparedness were identified across the studied health facilities, indicating
limited capacity to manage critical situations effectively. Urgent investments in
emergency medicine training, essential resources, and evidence-based protocols are
needed. Standardised emergency preparedness assessments should be implemented for
accreditation and quality improvement. Further research can inform the development of
national guidelines and targeted interventions to strengthen emergency response
capacities.
33 Praxis-Tipps für müde Eltern, um über den Tag zu kommen
Authors: Schlarb Angelika A. , Landwehr Janna , Prehn-Kristensen Alexander , Paditz Ekkehart , Quante Mirja , Schneider Barbara
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Viele Eltern berichten, nach der Geburt ihres Kindes übermüdet zu sein und Schwierigkeiten zu haben, den Alltag zu bewältigen. Dies betrifft vor allem erstgebärende Mütter. Schlafmangel und Schlafschwierigkeiten gelten als Risikofaktor für viele Beeinträchtigungen wie Depression, Aggressivität, Abnahme der Beziehungsqualität und Kindeswohlgefährdung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, eine Reihe an Verhaltensempfehlungen für Eltern zu geben, um einer möglichen Gefährdung der eigenen Person oder des Kindes entgegenzuwirken.

Methode

In einem interdisziplinären Team wurden basierend auf der gegenwärtigen Literatur sowie der klinischen Expertise die Empfehlungen formuliert, reflektiert und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden insgesamt 33 Verhaltensempfehlungen für müde Eltern formuliert, die sich auf die Person selbst, die Partnerschaft und Familie, den Abend und die Nacht sowie die Arbeit beziehen. Die Empfehlungen sind vor allem für Eltern jüngerer Kinder geeignet.

Diskussion

Mithilfe der hier formulierten Empfehlungen sollen alltagsnahe Hilfen geschaffen werden, um Eltern niederschwellig Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen. Solche Tipps können als Selbsthilfemaßnahmen, als Basis für eine Schlafberatung sowie für eine weiterführende ausführliche Behandlung dienen.
Sleep help-seeking behavior of parents with children with insomnia—what counts!
Authors: Zschoche Maria , Kübler Andrea , Schlarb Angelika Anita
Published: April 2024

Background

Insomnia in children is common and causes many mental health problems. Nevertheless, only little is known about influencing factors for sleep help-seeking behavior of parents with children with insomnia.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration and severity of insomnia in children as well as to assess the influence of additional mental disorders on insomnia duration and severity. The influence of a child’s insomnia duration and severity on parental sleep help-seeking behavior was examined.

Materials and methods

Patients at three German outpatient sleep clinics were evaluated. A self-developed parental sleep interview according to the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) criteria was conducted for each child. Additionally, information about insomnia severity and duration, the number of sleep help-seeking efforts, and mental disorders were retrieved from the family registration form.

Results

A total of 175 children (4–11 years) with a mean insomnia duration of 54 months were included. Insomnia severity was high, with no differences between children with and without comorbid mental disorders. Most parents (88.6%) had made efforts to seek sleep-related help for their child’s insomnia before contacting one of our outpatient sleep clinics. Pediatricians are the most frequently consulted professionals for child sleep problems. Insomnia severity ratings significantly correlated with the number of times professional help had been sought, but not with the number of self-help efforts. Insomnia duration was not correlated with any of the help-seeking measures.

Conclusion

Insomnia severity, but not insomnia duration, is associated with help-seeking behavior in parents. In the current sample, most parents sought professional help from their pediatrician beside their own efforts to elicit change. In sum, there were no differences between children with and without comorbid mental disorders, neither in terms of insomnia duration nor for insomnia severity. It seems necessary to promote awareness of the consequences of insomnia in children and therefore support earlier parental help-seeking behavior.
Micromechanical Analysis of Metal-Ceramic Thin-Films on Steel Substrates
Authors: Chen R. , Grigorev N. , Schwaiger R. , Brinckmann S.
Published: April 2024

Thin-layered coatings on material surfaces can resist contact forces and provide protection against material wear. In this study, FeCrNi-Al2O3 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition onto a 316L steel substrate. The effects of electrodeposition cathode current density (3 A·dm−2, 5 A·dm−2, 7 A·dm−2 and 9 A·dm−2) and post annealing at 500°C in Ar atmosphere were investigated. An increase in deposition rate resulted in a rougher coating surface and a thicker coating at a constant deposition duration. Post-deposition heat treatment caused the surface roughness to increase because of the introduction of denser micro-cracks. Higher current densities improved adhesion and prevented angled cracks during scratching, while annealing led to scratching-induced failures at lower applied loads. FeCrNi-Al2O3 composite coatings showed higher hardness but lower Young's modulus compared to the steel substrate. The coating hardness is slightly enhanced by increasing the electrodeposition current density from 5 A·dm−2 to 9 A·dm−2, and a more significant increase is observed after annealing. However, the hardness is negatively impacted by the combined effect of annealing and higher current density. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully balancing the electrodeposition current density and annealing conditions to achieve optimal coating properties. To optimize metal-ceramic composite coatings, it is crucial to investigate multiple process parameters that may interact with each other.
E-service failure and recovery strategy in times of crisis: effect on peer attitudes, expectation and future intention
Authors: Foroudi Pantea , Tabaghdehi S. Asieh Hosseini , Cillo Valentina , Cuomo Maria Teresa
Published: April 2024

This study analyses the impact of the critical issues on Travel and Tourism e-service failure and explores specifically how peer-to-peer accommodation business can cope with the potential collapse in demand caused by global crises. The purpose is to examine the impact of peer-to-peer accommodation’s recovery offer on revisiting intentions and relationships termination in light of justice-, fairness-, and attribution theory. In this vein, the main aim is to develop a theoretical model which is underpinned by an understanding of the consequences of e-service failure and the effectiveness of recovery strategies for business competitiveness. To gauge peer perceptions of peer-to-peer accommodations, we employed a mixed-method approach. Alongside 17 interviews with peers and industry experts, a survey involving 404 peer-to-peer accommodation users was conducted. Structural equation modelling was applied to unravel the intricate relationships and influences at play. The findings suggest that managers and service providers need to focus on timely recovery and building stronger relationships with peers, to increase repurchase intention and post-recovery satisfaction and to better front the crises times. This could be implemented efficiently via the platform of social media. This study offers specific theoretical and practical implications by providing a fair recovery strategy to result in the satisfaction of both parties.
β-Glucan Extraction from Hull-Less Barley by a Novel Approach: Microwave-Assisted Pressurized CO2/H2O
Authors: Özen Saadet , Ünlü Ayşe , Özbek Hatice Neval , Göğüş Fahrettin
Published: April 2024

Β-glucans (BGs) are dietary fibers with human health benefits. Due to their emulsifying, thickening, and water-holding properties, they are frequently utilized in food formulations. Hull-less barley is one of the important sources of BGs. This research was performed to extract BGs from hull-less barley using microwave-assisted pressurized CO2/H2O (MW-PCO2) extraction, a combination that had never been employed before. The MW-PCO2 extraction conditions (temperature, time and water: barley flour ratio) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design for the maximum BG yield (%). Temperature of 47.74 °C, time of 19.92 min, and water: barley flour ratio of 10.10:1 (g/g) were found to be the optimum conditions for extraction with a BG yield of 62.43%. Additionally, MW-PCO2 extraction was compared with conventional water extraction (CE) and BG extracts obtained by both methods were characterized. Chemical composition, molecular weight, thermal properties, water solubility, water holding capacity, surface morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR) of the BG extracts were determined. MW-PCO2 extraction gave higher BG yield and purity, molecular weight, and water holding capacity using less solvent in a shorter time. Furthermore, both extracts have similar morphological images, FTIR spectrum, and thermal properties. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of the MW-PCO2 approach for extracting BGs from hull-less barley with improved selectivity and recovery, which can then be added to a variety of food and drug formulations.
Advancing corrosion protection in confined spaces: a solvent-free UV LED-curable coating for steel pipelines with enhanced barrier properties and harsh environment performance
Authors: Condini Alessandro , Trentalange Carlo , Giuliani Angela , Cristoforetti Andrea , Rossi Stefano
Published: April 2024

This study investigates a novel solvent-free, UV LED-curable coating as a robust corrosion protection solution for the inner surface of steel pipelines. The properties of the UV-cured film were characterized in terms of reactivity, thermomechanical properties, and adhesion to metal substrates. The coating was applied to the inside steel pipelines and cured using a patented UV LED lamp designed to fit in confined spaces. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization and an accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique were performed on the coated pipes to study the corrosion protection properties of the coating, both with and without the addition of inorganic fillers. The results were compared to a commercially available thermally cured coating. It was found that the UV-cured coating confers high barrier properties, effectively preventing liquid penetration even under elevated temperature conditions. Furthermore, the corrosion protection performance in harsh environments was comparable to and, in some cases, higher than standard epoxy linings.
Thermo-electric modeling and analysis of lithium-ion battery pack for E-mobility
Authors: Bukya Mahipal , Kumar Rajesh , Mathur Akhilesh , Bandhu Din , Suryaprakash Reddy V
Published: April 2024

Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional internal combustion vehicles by utilizing a clean energy source. The advancement and expansion of electric cars rely on the progress of electrochemical batteries. The utilization of Lithium-Ion Batteries is widespread primarily because of its notable energy density. Changes influence the performance of these batteries in temperature. The Thermal Management System of the battery is one of the very important systems in EVs to improve the performance and life of the battery. The geometrical spacing of the cell modules is considered identical for a more accurate comparison of temperature distribution. For better cooling and heat dissipation, the battery pack’s two sides are kept entirely open to facilitate the inflow of air. In this work, active BTMS solutions are selected and analyzed using the development of three-dimensional free, open-source OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics simulations for accurate thermal modeling and hotspot zones in cylindrical battery packs. The outcome of the simulations is compared using parameters like temperature distribution in battery cells, battery modules, and heat generation. Among all the cell temperature zones, the temperature maximum is near the sixth cell of the module depth. OpenFOAM results validated with the existing literature’s experimental and Ansys results. Air cooling is utilized for cooling performance because of its relatively simple structure and lightweight.
Nanoparticle Polymeric Micellar Paclitaxel Versus Paclitaxel for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Fei-Yu , Huang Xiang-Ming , Cao Yu-Qing , Cao Jie , Ni Jie , Li Ke , Lu Min , Huang Xin-En
Published: April 2024

Background

Nanoparticle polymeric micellar paclitaxel (NPMP) is a novel Cremophor EL (CrEL)-free nanoparticle micellar formulation of paclitaxel. This study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of NPMP in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods

Patients with histologically confirmed AGC in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups. Patients in group A received NPMP at a total dose of 360 mg/m2 each cycle, and patients in group B were given paclitaxel at a dose of 210 mg/m2 each cycle. In addition, all patients received 5-fluorouracil at a dose of 0.75 g/m2 on days 1–4 and leucovorin at a dose of 200 mg/m2 on days 1–4 for at least 2 cycles.

Results

From January 2021 to May 2023, 63 patients (32 in group A and 31 in group B) could be evaluated for treatment response. A marked disparity in the overall response was observed between groups A and B, indicating statistical significance. The overall response rate was 31% in group A (10/32) and 10% in group B (3/31) (P = 0.034). Disease control rate was 91% in group A (29/32) and 81% in group B (25/31) (P = 0.440). No statistically significant difference in adverse reactions was observed between the two groups. However, the incidence of anemia, leucopenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, liver dysfunction, and allergy in group A was notably lower than that in group B.

Conclusions

NPMP combined chemotherapy offers a new, active, and safe treatment for patients with AGC.
Social comparison of home appliance ownership and use and heterogeneous impact on electricity consumption: a case of apartment households in Korea
Authors: Park Jongmun , Yun Sun-Jin
Published: April 2024

Efficient energy demand management in the residential sector must be designed based on a sufficient understanding of factors. This study focuses on apartments, a mainstream housing type in Korea. The combination of factor analysis and quantile regression analysis provides insight into the sociocultural meaning of home appliance ownership and use pattern and the differential impact on electricity consumption. The eight representative home appliances closely related to electricity consumption in the household sector are related to household composition, life cycle, economic ability, education, and occupation type. Additionally, the influence of home appliances on electricity consumption is not constant and is differentiated depending on the consumption level of each household. These attempts can provide customized information on specific housing type groups emerging in the future economic development and urban development process. In residential energy demand management, further segmentation and specification of the target and content of information provision will increase the effectiveness of policy achievement.
Attrition from Jail Reentry Program Increases Recidivism
Authors: Anderson Kevin , Medendorp William
Published: April 2024

Reentry programs represent an increasingly popular method to reduce recidivism for individuals exiting prison and jail systems throughout the United States. Most evaluations tend to focus on recidivism as the primary outcome of interest. Attrition, however, can function an important supplementary measure that complements recidivism outcomes. To demonstrate, we analyze a jail reentry program built around peer navigators serving as staff members that refer participants to necessary support services while also serving as a mentor to participants exiting jail. We use a combination of general linear models (GLMs), Mahalanobis distance matching (MDM), and panel regression to both predict attrition and compare recidivism outcomes between three attrition groups: program completers, program quitters, and matched controls. Participants that successfully completed the program did not avoid new convictions or reincarceration significantly more or less than matched controls. Participants that quit the program, however, saw significantly higher conviction and reincarceration rates compared to matched controls. The nuance added to our program evaluation by adding attrition as a differential factor is worth consideration by other reentry programs who may not be realizing the full picture of their results by presenting recidivism outcomes alone.
Investigation of the role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and binge eating disorder
Authors: Bekmezci Zehra , Çağatay Safiye Elif
Published: April 2024

Attachment and emotion regulation affect various aspects of an individual’s life throughout the lifespan and into adulthood, and are known to be associated with various psychopathologies. Based on a review of the literature, attachment styles and the management of negative emotions have a significant role in the development and maintenance of Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Previous studies have found that insecure attachment styles increase the risk of developing BED, but the role of emotion regulation difficulties has not been assessed. The aim of the current study is to examine the role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and symptoms of BED. The sample of the current study consisted of 364 participants (238 females, 126 males) aged 18–65 years (M = 35.27, SD = 10.00) residing in different provinces of Turkey. Sociodemographic information form, Binge Eating Disorder Scale (BEDS), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-16), and Inventory of Experiences in Close Relationships-2 were administered to the participants. The results of the present study showed that difficulties in emotion regulation played a mediating role in the relationship between symptoms of BED and avoidant and anxious attachment styles. The results of the current study highlight the importance of clinicians assessing attachment styles and emotion regulation difficulties, examining the interaction of these variables together, and providing interventions accordingly when faced with symptoms of BED.
Psychotherapies for the treatment of scrupulosity: a systematic review
Authors: Toprak Taha Burak , Özçelik Hanne Nur
Published: April 2024

“Scrupulosity” is a common but understudied subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) characterized by religious obsessions and compulsions. Although scrupulosity is a common manifestation of OCD, it has not been adequately addressed in treatment studies. The aim of this study was to understand the conceptual nuances of scrupulosity, its diagnosis, the unique differences in conceptualization and interventions during its treatment, the specific tools needed to monitor the prognosis of the pathology, and the limitations of existing studies through a systematic review. Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted, and 13 relevant studies were found in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, EbscoHost + Ulakbim, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and Web of Science databases. Two researchers independently rated the included articles using the MMAT and then met to compare the ratings. Disagreements were resolved through discussion and consensus was reached. There was a general lack of clarity in the conceptualization, diagnosis, and measurement of the severity of scrupulosity, and the content of religious or cultural interventions in the studies was not always clear. For future studies, further clarification, and systematization of the phenomenological features of scrupulosity and related epidemiological and empirical/experimental treatment research are needed.
Comprehensive analysis and prognostic assessment of senescence-associated genes in bladder cancer
Authors: Yang Ruilin , He Jieling , Luo Wenfeng , Xiang Renyang , Zou Ge , Zhang Xintao , Liu Huang , Deng Junhong
Published: April 2024

Background

The prevalence and mortality of bladder cancer (BLCA) present a significant medical challenge. While the function of senescence-related genes in tumor development is recognized, their prognostic significance in BLCA has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods

BLCA transcriptome datasets were sourced from the TCGA and GEO repositories. Gene groupings were determined through differential gene expression and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) methodologies. Key senescence-linked genes were isolated using singular and multivariate Cox regression analyses, combined with lasso regression. Validation was undertaken with GEO database information. Predictive models, or nomograms, were developed by merging risk metrics with clinical records, and their efficacy was gauged using ROC curve methodologies. The immune response’s dependency on the risk metric was assessed through the immune phenomenon score (IPS). Additionally, we estimated IC50 metrics for potential chemotherapeutic agents.

Results

Reviewing 406 neoplastic and 19 standard tissue specimens from the TCGA repository facilitated the bifurcation of subjects into two unique clusters (C1 and C2) according to senescence-related gene expression. After a stringent statistical evaluation, a set of ten pivotal genes was discerned and applied for risk stratification. Validity tests for the devised nomograms in forecasting 1, 3, and 5-year survival probabilities for BLCA patients were executed via ROC and calibration plots. IC50 estimations highlighted a heightened responsiveness in the low-risk category to agents like cisplatin, cyclopamine, and sorafenib.

Conclusions

In summation, our research emphasizes the prospective utility of risk assessments rooted in senescence-related gene signatures for enhancing BLCA clinical oversight.
A dam or a polder? Stakeholders’ dispute over the “right” flood-protection measure in the Czech Republic
Authors: Andráško Ivan , Duží Barbora , Martinát Stanislav
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the Skalička Waterwork (SWW), a largely debated and media-covered water-related/flood-protection project in the Czech Republic. Relying primarily on stakeholder interviews, we traced back and reconstructed the project’s development, including its key tipping points reflecting the changing societal preferences for particular measures, yet also the involvement of individual actors/stakeholders, and their differing views. The case eventually crystallized into the “dam versus polder” dispute; concerned by the repercussions for the local landscape, a joint initiative of NGOs, local activists, and politicians not only opposed the dam variant proposed by the state river basin administration but also succeeded in pushing through the alternative scheme of side dry polder. While in many ways specific (e.g. not entailing local resistance), the case exemplifies recent shifts (and respective struggles) within flood risk management, including the increasing importance attributed to complex, catchment-wide perspectives, joint local and scientific knowledge, participatory decision-making processes, or implementation of nature-based and hybrid solutions.
When enough is enough: Introducing sufficiency corridors to put techno-economism in its place
Authors: Bärnthaler Richard
Published: April 2024

Today's ecological crises are entwined with inequality dynamics, yet prevailing techno-economic approaches in climate research and policy fall short in addressing the ecological crisis as distributional crisis. Recognising the limitations of techno-economism, focused on markets (price adjustments) and technology (efficiency gains), this contribution introduces sufficiency corridors as a concept, research field, and policy approach. Sufficiency corridors represent the space between a floor of meeting needs and a ceiling of ungeneralisable excess, i.e. within the sufficiency corridor everyone has enough (to satisfy needs) while no one has too much (to endanger planetary boundaries and need satisfaction). Establishing such corridors entails a process over time that continuously narrows the gap between floors and ceilings, lifting the former and pushing down the latter by strengthening forms of consumption and production that contribute to need satisfaction while shrinking those that do not. The article discusses the profound implications of this approach for how societal reality is reproduced and/or changed, highlighting the need for decisions that eliminate options between and within sectors and in the realms of consumption and production. After addressing questions of decision-making and the potential to realise corridors, the contribution concludes that the growing scientific consensus to complement techno-economic approaches with sufficiency measures remains inadequate. Instead, the possibility of a transformation by design hinges on embedding techno-economism within and subordinating it to a sufficiency framework.
Investigation of the effects of beam oscillations in electron beam–welded S1100M TMCP steel
Authors: Sisodia Raghawendra P. S. , Gáspár Marcell , Ghosh Sumit , Hodúlová Erika
Published: April 2024

The development of thermomechanically controlled processed (TMCP) high-strength steel (HSS) has significantly contributed to designing and developing the intricate structural components. It has broader applications in the cranes and lifting process industry (base frame, crane jibs, and crane columns), trailers, agricultural and forestry machinery, earth-moving equipment, etc. However, the development of new-grade steels with higher tensile strength led to higher requirements for welded joints, and the associated weldability issues have inspired detailed studies on electron beam welding (EBW) with different beam oscillations. Beam oscillation application with EBW processes improves the welding efficiency, weld quality, weld geometry, keyhole, etc., affecting the welded joints mechanical and microstructural properties. Thus, the present study investigates the impact and comparison of various beam oscillations on the microstructural and mechanical properties of EB-welded S1100M steel. The influence of welding parameters on the microstructure of welded joints was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The analysis focused on evaluation of grain sizes, morphologies, distributions, and crystallographic orientations of different phase constituents in fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The mechanical properties were analyzed using hardness, tensile, and Charpy V-notch impact tests. The texture in the FZ is typically random, while the HAZ typically exhibits a strong rolling texture. In general, the cooling rate in EBW is very fast, possibly resulting in a fine-grained structure and reduced formation of coarse second-phase particles in the weld zone. The elliptical beam oscillation showed the highest hardness in HAZ 450 HV10. Elliptical beam oscillation slightly improves the welded joint’s tensile strength, and the impact test showed mixed fracture behavior.
Erratum to: Testing and modelling of transient adhesion phenomena in rolling-sliding contacts
Authors: Kvarda Daniel , Meierhofer Alexander , Six Klaus
Published: April 2024

The authors regret that there was an inadvertent error in author biographies after checking the paper.' It is important to note that the change does not impact the main conclusion of the article. The accurate version of biographies of Alexander MEIERHOFER and Klaus SIX on pages 1026 and 1027 are provided as below.
Reassessing Established Assumptions of Dietary Habits in the USA in the Context of Migration and Acculturation: a Qualitative Study of Latino Immigrants
Authors: Formagini Taynara , Rodriguez Daphnee , Dias Julie , Brooks Joanna Veazey
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The growing prevalence of obesity in the USA disproportionately affects Latinos compared to non-Latino Whites. Immigration and acculturation have been associated with unhealthy dietary shifts among Latino immigrants, a phenomenon known as dietary acculturation. Emerging evidence points to a more nuanced relationship between dietary habits, immigration, and acculturation, highlighting the need for a more current comprehension of dietary acculturation.

Objective

We explored how Latino immigrants’ experiences in migrating to the USA have affected their perceived dietary habits and their experiences of how supportive the USA is in establishing healthy practices compared to their native country.

Methods

Employing a descriptive qualitative study design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 Latinos who had participated in a lifestyle change program between 2016 and 2019. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data and report emerging themes.

Results

Participants expressed divergent perceptions of their dietary habits post-immigration. Some affirmed prevailing assumptions of dietary acculturation, citing deteriorating diet quality in the USA in the context of a faster pace of life, healthier options in the native country, and shifts in the food environment that prevented access to healthy foods. Conversely, others held opposing views, attributing their perceived improved diet to unhealthy dietary habits in Latin America, coupled with increased access to and affordability of healthy foods in the USA.

Conclusion

Our study contributes to the evolving understanding of dietary acculturation among Latino immigrants and provides a more nuanced and updated understanding of this process that reflects their current experiences in acculturating to the USA.
Closed orientable surfaces and fold Gauss maps
Authors: Mendes de Jesus C. , Romero Pantaleón D. , Sanabria-Codesal E.
Published: April 2024

This paper describes how the elliptic and hyperbolic regions of a surface are related to stable Gauss maps on closed orientable surfaces immersed in three-dimensional space. We will show that for certain connected, closed, orientable surfaces containing a finite number of embedded circles that delineate two distinct types of regions, if all regions of one type are homeomorphic to a cylinder, then there exists an immersion $$f: M \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3$$

f
:
M
→

R

3

for which the Gauss map is a fold Gauss map.