bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Приоритетность цистатина С среди почечных биомаркеров в диагностике преэклампсии
Authors: Marichereda V.G. , Holubenko M.Yu. , Berlinska L.I.
Published: August 2020

Актуальность. Существенными компонентами в патогенезе преэклампсии являются ишемия плаценты и почечная дисфункция. Для обеспечения своевременного родоразрешения и минимизации осложнений во время беременности важно тщательно контролировать функцию почек, что позволит диагностировать развитие преэклампсии на доклиническом этапе реализации. Цель исследования: исследовать показатели сывороточного цистатина С и оценить его эффективность в прогнозировании преэклампсии беременных по сравнению с креатинином и мочевиной сыворотки крови. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 30 женщин в первом триместре беременности, из них 20 женщин с анамнестическими факторами риска по развитию преэклампсии вошли в основную группу и контрольную группу составили 10 женщин без факторов риска преэклампсии — здоровые. Исследование уровней сывороточных цистатина С, креатинина и мочевины проводилось в период от 22 до 36 недель беременности. Результаты. При сравнении средних показателей в группе женщин, у которых в дальнейшем диагностировали преэклампсию (n = 8), с группой женщин без преэклампсии (n = 12) уровни цистатина С, креатинина и мочевины составили соответственно: 1,34 ± 0,11 против 0,88 ± 0,03 и значимо отличались для цистатина С (р < 0,001); 78,54 ± 3,68 против 69,06 ± 4,94 и значимо отличались для креатинина (р < 0,05); 2,79 ± 0,34 против 3,07 ± 0,23, и статистической значимости не было отмечено (р = 0,364). В группе беременных, у которых в дальнейшем диагностировали преэклампсию, рассчитанная по креатинину скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) (88,25 ± 5,76) является физиологической, тогда как при расчете СКФ по цистатину С (58,62 ± 4,11) выявлено значительное снижение фильтрационной способности почек. В группе беременных с уровнем цистатина С более 1,0 (n = 10) для значения 1,08 относительно развития преэклампсии отмечены чувствительность 87,5 % и специфичность 100 %. При ROС-анализе площади под кривой отмечена разница между тремя маркерами в группе беременных, у которых в дальнейшем диагностировали преэклампсию, а именно: цистатин С как отличный маркер (0,99), креатинин как хороший маркер (0,78) и мочевина (0,42) как неудовлетворительный маркер в ранней диагностике преэклампсии. Выводы. В нашем исследовании доказано, что у беременных на этапе доклинической реализации преэклампсии существенно повышены уровни сывороточного цистатина С, но не сывороточных креатинина и мочевины. Сывороточный цистатин С — эффективный и достоверный маркер в прогнозе преэклампсии у беременных во втором и третьем триместре гестации.
Почки и вегетативная дисфункция у детей и подростков (часть I)
Authors: Vakulenko L.I.
Published: August 2020

В статье обсуждаются механизмы взаимодействия, развития и прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у детей и подростков с хронической болезнью почек. Подчеркивается главенствующая роль вегетативной дисфункции в развитии сердечно-сосудистых нарушений. Рассматриваются механизмы, с помощью которых повышение активности симпатической части вегетативной нервной системы приводит к поражению почек. Взаимодействие симпатической нервной и ренин-ангиотензиновой систем при формировании нарушений со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек рассматривается как составляющая адаптационно-приспособительного процесса организма. Универсальным патогенетическим фактором, который непременно сопровождает развитие вегетативных дисфункций и хронической болезни почек у детей и подростков, является активация ренин-ангиотензиновой системы. Общие механизмы развития кардиоренальных нарушений определяют дальнейший однонаправленный подход к диагностике и лечению.
Блефароспазм: клинический случай
Authors: Petrenko O.V. , Lebid N.V. , Prusak O.I. , Kushnir A.A.
Published: August 2020

Актуальность. Блефароспазм (краниальная дистония) — форма локальной дистонии, характеризующаяся непроизвольными движениями круговой мышцы глаз. Краниальная дистония диагностируется в Европе в 15–16 случаях на 100 000 населения, в США — в 40 случаях на 100 000 населения. Этиология заболевания окончательно не установлена. Прогрессирование блефароспазма приводит к функциональной слепоте, которая становится медико-социальной проблемой и ограничивает полноценную жизнедеятельность больного. Поэтому выбор адекватного метода лечения блефароспазма остается актуальной проблемой в неврологии и офтальмологии. Цель работы — предоставить клинический случай хирургического лечения пациента с блефароспазмом. Результаты. В Киевскую городскую клиническую офтальмологическую больницу «Центр микрохирургии глаза» обратился больной, 68 лет, с диагнозом «блефароспазм», который дебютировал в 2012 г. Учитывая отсутствие эффекта от медикаментозного лечения (двукратные инъекции ботокса в 2017 и 2019 г.), больному предложено оперативное вмешательство — сберегающая миоэктомия верхнего века (по Bobby S. Korn, Don O. Kikkawa). Возможные осложнения данного хирургического вмешательства, такие как медиальное опущение брови, гипестезия лба, переднепластинчастый дефицит, кровотечение, лимфедема, у пациента отсутствовали. Выводы. Блефароспазм — заболевание, редко встречающееся в клинической практике, но являющееся медико-социальной проблемой, поэтому требует от врача индивидуализированного подхода в диагностике и лечении. Сберегающая миоэктомия верхнего века — действенный метод лечения больных с устойчивой резистентностью к медикаментам и недостаточностью или отсутствием эффекта от инъекций ботулотоксина типа А.
Основные аспекты травматических поражений глаз в условиях войн и военных конфликтов
Authors: Krasnovіd T.A. , Aslanova V.S. , Bondar N.I.
Published: August 2020

Представленные в обзоре данные литературы свидетельствуют о том, что в связи с применением в современных войнах и военных конфликтах высокоразрушительных видов оружия частота и тяжесть повреждений глаз в историческом аспекте постоянно растет. Одной из самых частых причин травматического повреждения мозга и глаз, которые по сравнению с органами грудной и брюшной полостей ­обычно менее защищены, является взрывная волна. Травматическим повреждениям глаз присущи минно-взрывной двусторонний характер поражения одновременно нескольких структур глаза, наличие внутриглазных инородных тел, комбинированных и сопутствующих повреждений по сравнению с монокулярным поражением отдельных структур глаза без сопутствующих и комбинированных повреждений в мирное время. Среди оперативных вмешательств большой удельный вес составляют витреоретинальные вмешательства. Пострадавших при медицинской сортировке следует направлять непосредственно в лечебные учреждения, оснащенные соответствующим оборудованием и кадрами, владеющими методиками оперативных вмешательств на переднем и заднем сегментах глаза. Залогом успешных результатов лечения травматических повреждений глаз, полученных в боевых условиях, является своевременное проведение первичной хирургической обработки и витреоретинального вмешательства, плодотворное сотрудничество военных и гражданских медиков.
Характеристика гематологических и биохимических показателей у больных раком молочной железы IIВ–IIIB стадий с поздними лучевыми осложнениями
Authors: Hladkykh F.V. , Kulinich H.V. , Sevastianova V.S.
Published: August 2020

Цель работы — провести сравнительный анализ значения исходных гематологических и биохимических показателей больных раком молочной железы (РМЖ) ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с поздними лучевыми осложнениями (ПЛО) и без них. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 81 истории болезни пациенток со злокачественными новообразованиями молочной железы (45 больных с ПЛО и 36 больных без ПЛО после лучевой терапии (ЛТ)), находившихся на стационарном лечении в ГУ «Институт медицинской радиологии им. С.П. Григорьева НАМН Украины» за период 1994–2018 гг., лечебная тактика у которых включала проведение ЛТ. Сформированы две группы больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий: I (23 человека — больные с ПЛО) и II (22 человека — больные без ПЛО). Результаты. Характеризуя гематологические показатели больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий, стоит отметить, что у больных с ПЛО после ЛТ отмечено снижение (р = 0,1) количества эритроцитов на 6,7 % (3,80 ± 0,11 ´ 1012/л) и снижение уровня гемоглобина (р = 0,09) на 6,1 % (114,50 ± 2,53 г/л) относительно исходных показателей. Анализ биохимических показателей продемонстрировал, что у больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с ПЛО имели место более высокие показатели общего белка (на 9,9 %, р = 0,04), билирубина (на 6,2 %, р = 0,5), глюкозы (на 9,1 %, р = 0,09) и аминотрансфераз (аланинаминотрансферазы (АлАт) на 8,6 %, р = 0,4, аспартатаминотрансферазы (АсАт) на 31,9 %, р = 0,005) относительно показателей пациенток контрольной группы. Оценивая показатели свертывающей системы крови, следует отметить, что у больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с ПЛО отмечено высшее время сгустка (р = 0,4) на 17,9 % и статистически достоверно (р = 0,03) высший на 23,3 % уровень фибриногена. Выводы. Установлено, что у 78,30 ± 0,09 % больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с ПЛО диагностированы воспалительные, у 47,8 ± 0,1 % больных — фибротические, у 13,00 ± 0,07 % больных — гематологические и у 4,30 ± 0,04 % — дегенеративные изменения. Выявлено, что в структуре сопутствующих заболеваний у больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий чаще диагностируются болезни сердечно-сосудистой системы (78,0–84,4 %), болезни органов пищеварения (33,3–44,4 %) и заболевания нервной системы (36,1–42,2 %). Показано, что из числа гематологических показателей у больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с ПЛО был выше исходный уровень гематокрита (37,0 [34,8; 38,4] %) (р = 0,09) на 9,7 %, количество лейкоцитов (5,8 [4,8; 6,5] ´ 109/л) было выше (р = 0,1) на 6,1 %, а скорость оседания эритроцитов (16 [6, 18] мм/ч) была выше (р = 0,1) на 60,0 % относительно исходных показателей больных без ПЛО. Отмечено, что из числа биохимических показателей у больных РМЖ ІІВ–ІІІВ стадий с ПЛО имели место более высокие показатели общего белка (на 9,9 %, р = 0,04), билирубина (на 6,2 %, р = 0,5), глюкозы (на 9,1 %, р = 0,09) и аминотрансфераз (АлАт на 8,6 %, р = 0,4, АсАт на 31,9, р = 0,005) относительно показателей пациенток без ПЛО.
SEARCH FOR AN OPTIMAL RING ROUTE ON THE BLAGOVESHCHENSK MAP USING THE ANNEALING SIMULATION ALGORITHM
Authors:   NADEZHDA NIKOLAEVNA MAKSIMOVA  Amur State University, MAKSIMOVA NADEZHDA NIKOLAEVNA , KOLTUNOV NIKOLAY SERGEEVICH ,   Nikolay Sergeevich Koltunov Amur State University
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the application of the simulated annealing method for the study of the constructing a ring route problem of large dimension according to real data on the example of a map of Blagoveshchensk.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORYTHM OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN CARGO MODULES OF SPACE TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE
Authors:   ANDREY ALEKSEEVICH BELYAKOV  Institute of Rocket and Space Technology of Samara University, BELYAKOV ANDREY ALEKSEEVICH , SHULEPOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH ,   ALEXANDER IVANOVICH SHULEPOV  Institute of Rocket and Space Technology of Samara University
Published: August 2020

In article the description of close cargo composition with module weight-and-dimensional characteristics search problem solution is given. The algorithm that computerizes load distribution process and provides required cog predicting is offered.
WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SAVE HEAT IN BUILDINGS
Authors:   EKATERINA YURIEVNA ARTYUSHEVSKAYA Amur State University, ARTYUSHEVSKAYA EKATERINA YURIEVNA
Published: August 2020

The article evaluates the possibilities of saving heat energy for consumers and considers ways to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.
On Basing One-way Permutations on NP-hard Problems under Quantum Reductions
Authors: Chia Nai-Hui , Hallgren Sean , Song Fang
Published: August 2020

A fundamental pursuit in complexity theory concerns reducing worst-case problems to average-case problems. There exist complexity classes such as PSPACE that admit worst-case to average-case reductions. However, for many other classes such as NP, the evidence so far is typically negative, in the sense that the existence of such reductions would cause collapses of the polynomial hierarchy(PH). Basing cryptographic primitives, e.g., the average-case hardness of inverting one-way permutations, on NP-completeness is a particularly intriguing instance. As there is evidence showing that classical reductions from NP-hard problems to breaking these primitives result in PH collapses, it seems unlikely to base cryptographic primitives on NP-hard problems. Nevertheless, these results do not rule out the possibilities of the existence of quantum reductions. In this work, we initiate a study of the quantum analogues of these questions. Aside from formalizing basic notions of quantum reductions and demonstrating powers of quantum reductions by examples of separations, our main result shows that if NP-complete problems reduce to inverting one-way permutations using certain types of quantum reductions, thencoNP⊆QIP(2).
Study of heat resistance characteristics of metal of centrifugally cast pipes made from 45Kh32N43SB alloy and their welded joints at temperatures up to 1150°C. Part 1: The heat resistance characteristics of pipes at temperatures up to 1100°С
Authors: Oryshchenko A. S. , Utkin Yu. A. , Popova I. P. , Petrov S. N. , Tsemenko A. V.
Published: August 2020

The paper studies heat resistance properties of 45Cr32Ni43SiNb alloy developed at the CRISM “Prometey” for reformer systems of high-temperature ethylene production plants. The macrocrystalline structure is analyzed and quantitative phase data for metal of centrifugally cast tubes is collected. It is shown that the alloy under investigation is characterized by structural stability, long-term durability, and high-temperature creep resistance up to 1000–1100°С.
Construcción de conocimiento por estudiantes de Psicología usando una herramienta sincrónica de representación diagramática
Authors: Castro-Castro Martha Lenis , Chinchilla-Rueda Alix Cecilia , Delgado-Meza Jesús Armando , Vivas Ricardo Vicente Jaime
Published: August 2020

Esta investigación describe el proceso de construcción colaborativa de conocimiento por parte de estudiantes virtuales de Psicología, mediante una herramienta sincrónica de representación diagramática. En este estudio mixto, los estudiantes hicieron una argumentación para representar diagramáticamente una solución. Los estudiantes se reunieron en grupos. El análisis consistió en identificar las fases de construcción del conocimiento, siguiendo estos pasos: a) organización basada en la comprensión del caso y acuerdos de participación, b) intercambio de información y argumentación, c) elaboración de construcciones y aprobación de significados, y d) diagramación de la solución del caso. Los resultados muestran la conveniencia de una herramienta sincrónica colaborativa, porque ofrece a los estudiantes interacción en tiempo real mediante la argumentación, teniendo en cuenta las implicaciones de la gestión en un entorno virtual, así como la intencionalidad formativa y la realimentación dada por el tutor. Los resultados también muestran que los estudiantes tienen interés por la organización de las actividades, el acuerdo y el acato a las normas establecidas, el intercambio de información y la elaboración de significados para producir conocimiento a través de diagramas desde la argumentación. Se puede concluir que los estudiantes pudieron establecer patrones de interacción derivados del nivel de implicación y la profundidad del diálogo durante la tarea. Finalmente, se plantean propuestas para la intervención del docente y la mejora de procesos colaborativos.
Does Religion Matter? Understanding Religion Subject for Formal Education
Authors: Soedardi Riza Adrian
Published: August 2020

In modern education, religion becomes a study that is not prioritized because it is transcendental. Religion subject in formal education involves ambiguity in search of learning purposes. Some countries choose to return religious studies as an option rather than a mandatory subject. This study attempts to examine the importance of religion subject in formal education. The method employs literature reviews from research reports of the model of religion subject in particular countries thus these are compared with the religion subject model in Indonesia. The results show that developed countries reform religion subjects as an optional subject, while Indonesia might recognize religion subjects in formal education even though it factually does not indicate suitability for configuring students' characters.
TEORI PROGRESIVISME JOHN DEWEY DAN PENDIDIKAN PARTISIPATIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Wulandari Tria
Published: August 2020

This article contains the concept of participatory education that is applied in the world of education so far not been implemented to the fullest. There are still a few things that need to be improved especially in Islamic education. After knowing the problem, the writer tries to solve the problem using John Dewey's theory of progressivism. John Dewey's theory of progressivism when associated with participatory education that both have the same goal. Both when combined will make it easier for students to find experience through self-exploration and find their potential in solving problems that will be faced in the future and have a change (progress) better. In implementing participatory education with John Dewey's theory of progressivism in Islamic education it needs to be filtered back with the values that have been prescribed in Islam. If it is positive, not contradictory and beneficial, it needs to be applied. However, if there are things that are contrary to Islamic values then it does not need to be applied, it is enough to be used as knowledge.
The effects of nembutal on the intracerebellar EEG activity revealed by spectral and fractal analysis
Authors: Stojadinovic Gordana , Martac Ljiljana , Podgorac Jelena , Spasic Sladjana , Petkovic Branka , Sekulic Slobodan , Kesic Srdjan
Published: August 2020

A detailed analysis of the anesthetic-induced modulation of intracerebellar electrical activity is an important step to understand the functional brain responses to anesthesia. We examined the electrical activity recorded from different cortical layers: molecular layer (ML), Purkinje cell layer (PCL), granular layer (GL) and the white matter (WM) in the vermian part of rat cerebellar lobule V during Nembutal anesthesia using spectral and fractal analysis. Spectral analysis revealed a difference in the mean relative power of delta (0.1-4.0 Hz) and theta (4.1-8.0 Hz) frequencies through the cerebellar layers. Compared to the ML, delta activity increased significantly in the GL, while theta activity decreased in the GL and the WM. Fractal analysis revealed that the mean value of Higuchi?s fractal dimension (HFD) increased, starting from the ML to the WM. Theta activity exhibited a negative correlation with the HFD value in the ML. In contrast, the gamma activity showed a positive correlation with the HFD value in the ML and the GL. The combined use of spectral and fractal analyses revealed that Nembutal displays different effects on rat cerebellar electrical activity, which largely depends on the neurochemical and electrophysiological organization of the cerebellar layers.
Den galiziska mångfaldens tragedi: professorsmorden i krigstidens Lviv och åminnelsen av dem
Authors: Narvselius Eleonora
Published: August 2020

Abstract: A tragedy of the Galician diversity: Murder and commemoration of Polish professors killed in Lviv during WWIIIn popular imagery, the former Habsburg province of Galicia and its capital city Lemberg/Lwów/Lviv have been acclaimed for their unique mixture of religions, cultures and nationalities. However, there are also darker sides of this Galician diversity, as became evident during the wars and crises of the first half of the twentieth century. It is instructive to explore how the entanglements between collective and individual choices, cultural genealogies and political aspirations looked in practice in this part of Europe, and how historical events of the twentieth century have reflected this complexity. This article explores one such event: the murder of a group of eminent Polish academics during the Nazi occupation of Lviv/Lwów. After the war, this tragic episode was commemorated quite independently in the two parts of Galicia now divided by the redrawn Polish–(Soviet)Ukrainian border. The episode remains controversial due to the contradictory interpretative frameworks and agenda-setting of various actors involved into the memorialization. The author draws on Michael Rothberg’s concept of multidirectional memory to highlight how reverberations of Galician diversity can be approached from an anthropological perspective, focusing on meaning-making and agency.
LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, TEKANAN TEMAN SEBAYA DAN PERILAKU BERISIKO REMAJA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Intannia Rizkyah , Dahlan Tina Hayati , Damaianti Lira Fessia
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi lingkungan keluarga dan tekanan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku berisiko remaja di Kota Bandung. Metode penelitan yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan responden sebanyak 486 remaja berusia 13-18 tahun di Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu adaptasi dari Family Environment Scale untuk mengukur lingkungan keluarga, Peer Pressure Inventory untuk mengukur tekanan teman sebaya, dan Negative Risk Behaviour Scale untuk mengukur perilaku berisiko. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi berganda. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan tekanan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku berisiko. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi keluarga dan para orang tua dalam pentingnya menciptakan lingkungan yang positif dalam kehidupan keluarga bagi anak-anaknya sebagai salah satu upaya preventif terhadap terjadinya perilaku berisiko pada remaja.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PERILAKU NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Zakaria Zalyaleolita Yuliandhani Helmi , Theresa Ria Maria
Published: August 2020

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) adalah perilaku melukai diri sendiri yang disengaja tanpa disertai niat untuk bunuh diri. Perilaku NSSI berperan sebagai penyebab percobaan bunuh diri pada remaja putri di berbagai tempat di dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik, latar belakang, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku NSSI pada remaja putri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja putri dengan riwayat perilaku NSSI yang berjumlah 2 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan kuesioner. Uji kredibilitas yang digunakan adalah triangulasi teknik dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab perilaku NSSI adalah ketidakmampuan dalam meregulasi emosi yang berujung pada pemilihan perilaku NSSI sebagai mekanisme koping yang tidak adaptif, akibat permasalahan seperti pengaruh teman sebaya yang negatif melalui tindakan bullying dan ketidakharmonisan hubungan dalam keluarga. Metode perilaku NSSI yang sering digunakan adalah self-cutting dan self-hitting. Perilaku NSSI juga dapat muncul karena minimnya alternatif positif untuk mengatasi masalah yang dialami seseorang dengan kecenderungan NSSI.
Correção de tendência das projeções climáticas futuras simuladas pelo modelo regional Eta-Hadgem2-Es para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mundaú, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Farias Carolyne Wanessa Lins de Andrade , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima , Lins Frederico Abraão Costa , Montenegro Abelardo Antônio de Assunção
Published: August 2020

Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas futuras decorrentes de ações antrópicas sobre os recursos hídricos têm sido uma das principais questões estudadas atualmente. A compreensão dessas mudanças é de extrema importância para que ações de prevenção e mitigação sejam tomadas. Uma das formas de avaliar tais efeitos é por meio da inclusão das previsões climáticas em modelos hidrológicos. Entretanto, os dados oriundos de modelos climáticos globais/regionais geralmente possuem erros sistemáticos (vieses), e não podem ser utilizados diretamente na modelagem hidrológica. Neste contexto, objetivou-se realizar a correção de tendência de dados de precipitação e temperatura simulados pelo modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mundaú, testando dois métodos para a correção de tendência, utilizando o software Climate Model for Hydrologic Modeling (CMHyd). Os dados de precipitação e temperatura simulados pelo modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). A correção de tendência foi realizada testando-se dois métodos para a correção: Linear Scaling (LS) e Distribution Mapping (DM). Ambos os métodos foram capazes de corrigir a tendência dos dados de precipitação e temperatura da projeção climática do modelo regional Eta-HadGEM2-ES, mas o método DM mostrou-se mais eficaz na correção quando comparado ao LS.
Integrating Social Justice and Political Engagement into Engineering
Authors: Niles Skye , Roudbari Shawhin , Contreras Santina
Published: August 2020

Many engineering activists have emphasized the need to reframe engineering as a sociotechnical field in order to expand engineers' contributions to social justice and peace. Yet, reframing engineering as sociotechnical does not always lead to critical engagement with social justice. We provide several examples of how “social” aspects have been brought into engineering in a depoliticized manner that limits engagement with political and social justice goals. We link these examples to Cech’s three pillars of the “culture of disengagement” in engineering: social/technical dualisms, meritocracy, and depoliticization. We argue that reframing engineering as sociotechnical addresses the first pillar, the social/technical dualism, but does not necessarily include the second and third pillars. We propose that all three pillars can be addressed through integrating explicit attention to political engagement and social justice in efforts to reframe engineering as a sociotechnical field. Doing so can increase engineers’ capacity to contribute to social justice and peace.
Terapia complementar de reiki nos fatores associados à qualidade de vida em pacientes diagnosticados com câncer: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Guimarães Victor Hugo Dantas , Souza Ana Luíza Barbosa de , Sousa Jaciara Neves , Gusmão Bruna Matos , Lacerda Amanda Mota , Santos João Lucas Rodrigues dos , Freitas Daniela Fernanda de
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar através de uma revisão a influência da terapia de Reiki na qualidade de vida de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer. Métodos: Este estudo seguiu os padrões estabelecidos pelos principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA), utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, EBSCO e Web of Science. Resultados: Foram identificados 175 artigos, sendo destes 21 artigos selecionados para incluir a revisão. Dos artigos utilizados, 5 apresentaram alto nível (II) de evidencia, caracterizados por ensaios randomizados e controlados; 5 artigos apresentaram nível IV, caso-controle; 3 estudos com o nível III (ensaio randomizado); e outros 3 artigos sem nível classificação de evidência. Os estudos evidenciaram melhoras em variáveis como: vigor, fadiga dor, humor e náuseas. As melhoras desses parâmetros foram corroboradas pelas análises do tamanho do efeito. Algumas limitações do estudo consistiram em grande variabilidade dos tipos de cancer, tamanho amostral pequeno, delineamento dos estudos e o uso do termo técnico empregado para terapia que difilcultam as comparações entre os estudos. Considerações finais: A aplicação do Reiki torna-se uma ferramenta alternativa importante coadjuvante para melhora da qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer, apesar da limitada quantidade de artigos com alta qualidade metodológica.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and its Mimics on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review of Cases from India
Authors: Matich Alison , Sud Seema , Buxi T. B. S. , Dogra Vikram
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast, which is benign but potentially morbid. Mammographic and sonographic findings have been well characterized, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have been less thoroughly documented. The objective of this study was to demonstrate characteristic findings for IGM and its mimics via a retrospective review.

Material and Methods:

Breast MRI examinations performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi, India between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases in which a pattern suggestive of granulomatous mastitis was seen. Cases of known malignancy were excluded. Any available breast pathology results were then obtained, and cases with presumptive or definitive diagnoses were compiled for analysis.

Results:

Overall, cases identified with characteristic imaging findings and confirmed diagnosis included seven cases of IGM, four cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, two cases of tuberculous mastitis, one case of non- tuberculous infectious mastitis, one case of foreign body mastitis, and one case of eosinophilc mastitis. One case of IGM with masses rather than of non-mass enhancement was also identified.

Conclusion:

In our review, cases with clustered ring enhancement were found to have inflammatory, idiopathic, infectious and malignant etiologies. While, these etiologies can only be reliably differentiated on pathology, familiarity with the pattern and an awareness of the differential may lead to decreased morbidity due to delays in diagnosis.
Urethral Recurrence of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Following Radical Cystectomy: An Unusual Imaging Pattern
Authors: Özdemir Meltem , Kavak Rasime Pelin , Eren Tulay
Published: August 2020

Residual urethra is a common site of recurrence in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for bladder cancer. Urethral recurrence (UR) clinically manifests as a penile mass or a bloody or purulent penile discharge at a median of 13 months after surgery. And on imaging studies, it characteristically appears as a focal intraluminal mass, urethral wall thickening, or an infiltrating mass arising from the urethra. We, herein, present an unusual case of UR manifesting as a large cyst in the penile root 4 years after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Further, a complex cystic mass developed in the same location 2 years after the excision of the cystic UR. This case shows that the imaging spectrum of UR after radical cystectomy may be wider and may include cystic and complex patterns.
The Dissolution Dilemma for low Pt Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Sandbeck Daniel John Seale , Secher Niklas Mørch , Inaba Masanori , Quinson Jonathan , Sørensen Jakob Ejler , Kibsgaard Jakob , Zana Alessandro , Bizzotto Francesco , Speck Florian D. , Paul Michael T. Y. , Dworzak Alexandra , Dosche Carsten , Oezaslan Mehtap , Chorkendorff Ib , Arenz Matthias , Cherevko Serhiy
Published: August 2020

Cost and lifetime currently hinder widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte

membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Reduced electrode Pt loadings lower costs; however, the impact

of metal loading (on the support) and its relation to degradation (lifetime) remain unclear. The

limited research on these parameters stems from synthetic difficulties and lack of in situ

analytics. This study addresses these challenges by synthesizing 2D and 3D Pt/C model catalyst

systems via two precise routes and systematically varying the loading. Pt dissolution was

monitored using on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (on-line-ICP-MS), while

X-ray spectroscopy techniques were applied to establish the oxidation states of Pt in correlation

with metal loading. Dissolution trends emerge which can be explained by three particle

proximity dependent mechanisms: (1) shifts in the Nernst dissolution potential, (2) redeposition,

and (3) alteration of Pt oxidation states. These results identify engineering limitations, which

should be considered by researchers in fuel cell development and related fields.
Metal Ammonium Phosphates Ion Exchangers for the Remediation of Low-Level Nuclear Wastes
Authors: Holdsworth Alistair , Eccles Harry , Bond Gary
Published: August 2020

The nuclear industry generates large volumes of liquid wastes during decommissioning and decontamination activities which require extensive clean-up for recycle and/or disposal. The disposal of spent ion exchange materials used to clean these decontamination liquors is challenging and costly for the nuclear industry due to problematic end-of-life handling and low capacities of these materials for most radionuclides. Certain mixed-metal phosphates could be advantageous in this role due to their inherent vitrification properties and potentially high capacities for cationic and/or anionic radionuclides. Similar ammonium-based ion exchangers like the caesium-selective ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP) are well known in the nuclear industry, but outside of this, such materials remain largely unexplored for this purpose. In this publication, we assess several metal ammonium phosphates (MAPs) and related compounds prepared using a continuous flow technique for their ability to act as ion exchangers for the remediation of surrogate radionuclides from a model decontamination solution, and discuss their possible implementation for the cleanup of low-level nuclear wastes.
Surface Chemical Trapping of Optical Cycling Centers
Authors: Guo Han , Dickerson Claire E. , Shin Ashley , Zhao Changling , Atallah Timothy , Caram Justin , Campbell Wesley C. , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: August 2020

Quantum information processors based on trapped atoms utilize laser-induced optical cycling transitions for state preparation and measurement. These transitions consist of an electronic excitation from the ground to an excited state and a decay back to the initial ground state, associated with a photon emission. While this technique has been used primarily with atoms, it has also recently been shown to work for some divalent metal hydroxides (e.g. SrOH) and alkoxides (e.g. SrOCH3). This extension to molecules is possible because these molecules feature nearly isolated, atomic-like ground and first-excited electronic states centered on the radical metal atom. We theoretically investigate the extension of this idea to a larger scale by growing the alkyl group, R, beyond the initial methyl group, CH3, while preserving the isolated and highly vertical character of the electronic excitation on the radical metal atom, M. Theory suggests that in the limit as the size of the ligand carbon chain increases, it can be considered a functionalized diamond (or cubic boron nitride) surface. Several requirements must be observed for the cycling centers to function when bound to the surface. First, the surface must have a significant band gap that fully encapsulates both the ground and excited states of the cycling center. Second, while the surface lattice imposes strict limits on the achievable spacing between the SrO- groups, at high coverage, SrO- centers can interact, and show geometric changes and/or electronic state mixing. We show that the coverage of the diamond surface with SrO- cycling centers needs to be significantly submonolayer for the functionality of the cycling center to be preserved. Having the lattice-imposed spatial control of SrO- placements will allow nanometer-scale proximity between qubits and will eliminate the need for atom traps for localized cycling emitters. Our results also imply that a functionalization could be done on a scanning microscope tip for local quantum sensing or on photonic structures for optically-mediated quantum information processing.
The Strategy for Harmonizing Financial and Non-financial Reporting on Climate Risk Disclosures. Part 2
Authors: Efimova O. V. , Rozhnova O. V.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the harmonization of financial and non-financial reporting of the organization and the development of a strategy in the field of climate risks. In the first part of the article the main attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of these risks on the indicators of financial statements, the requirements for the disclosure of information, the relevance of reflecting the impact of climate change on the business, financial performance and the strategy. The second part formulates the recommendations for developing a strategy of harmonizing financial and non-financial reporting in the field of climate risks and for preparing disclosures regarding the interdependence of climate change impact and the company’s activities. The study is intended for government agencies of the Russian Federation, professional international organizations involved in the development of financial and non-financial reporting standards, interested users, as well as economic entities that develop internal accounting and reporting standards.
Pemodelan Data Time Series dengan Pendekatan Regresi Nonparametrik B-Spline
Authors: Rahasia Zulaiha , Resmawan Resmawan , Isa Dewi Rahmawaty
Published: August 2020

Spline is one of the nonparametric approach, to adjust data so the final model has good flexibility. The purpose of this research is to model the time series data in the form of currency exchange rates by using the nonparametric B-spline approach. In B-spline modelling, determination of the order for the model, and the number and the placement of the knot are the criteria that must be considered. The best B-spline model obtained based on the selection of the optimal knot points with minimum Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) criteria. The modelling in this research use data on the exchange rate of the rupiah toward the US dollar in the period January 2014 - December 2018. The best B-spline model obtained by the 2 point knot approach, at points 11935.10 and 12438.29, with GCV valueequals to 55683.09.Keywords: Nonparametric Regression; B-Spline; Generalized Cross Validation
New Horizons and Disruptions. East-German Female Directors of the DEFA-Studios and from Underground
Authors: Klauß Cornelia
Published: August 2020

On the occasion of a  publication Sie – Regisseurinnen der DEFA und ihre Filme, Berlin, Schriftenreihe der DEFA-Stiftung, 2019, all female directors who worked for the DEFA studios in the GDR were identified for the first time. More than sixty women directors worked for DEFA between 1946 and 1992. They made feature films and documentaries, worked in advertising film and in the animation studio. Particularly among the smaller formats, there is a striking number of female directors who were able to accommodate their preferred themes in the slipstream of the major productions. They problematized the official reading of equal rights and created counter-images in their figures and portraits. To be added to the canon of female filmmaking are also the independent women filmmakers, who were only allowed to realize and show their works outside the official media structures. These were female artists who discovered the film medium for themselves and made Super-8 abstract films with elements of performance on very low budgets.
O pewnej tendencji (współczesnego) kina francuskiego… „Kino przedmieść” i jego wizualne parateksty na przykładzie "Nienawiści" Mathieu Kassovitza i "Nieustraszonej" Danielle Arbid
Authors: Budzik Justyna Hanna , Kasprzak Marta
Published: August 2020

In this paper we elaborate on the educational use of film posters understood as film paratexts in Gérard Genette’s theory as well as in later media research. The subject of our research is cinéma de banlieue – a French film movement that situates the protagonists not only spatially, but also socially (such as La Haine, dir. M. Kassovitz, 1995, Entre les murs, dir. L. Cantet, 2008, Peur de rien, dir. D. Arbid, 2015, and Dheepan, dir. J. Audiard, 2015). By analyzing film paratexts, we include these materials in the context of cultural representations of the Parisian suburbs. Our research is established in educational and academic practice whose essential part is the in-depth work with the paratexts conducted by students and facilitated by the lecturer.
Diagnosis Cepat Kandidemia Neonatus dengan Pemeriksaan Spesimen Darah Pulasan Giemsa
Authors: Ridhawati Ridhawati , Pradita Riva Ambardina , Mulyati Mulyati , Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: August 2020

Candidemia is one of the major problems in neonates with low birth weight (LBW). Neonatal candidemia has a high rateof morbidity and mortality. Early initiation of antifungal therapy could be decreasing the mortality, but this managementoften hampered due to late diagnosis. The gold standard for diagnosing candidemia is blood culture, but it takes a longtime about 5 days. A rapid alternative method is needed to decrease candidemia morbidity and mortality. The methodchosen in this study is Giemsa stain of blood smear which result could be read within one hour. The study wasconducted in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia with a total blood samples of170 from 2009-2012. Blood samples are devided in two, first is made thick blood smear than stain with giemsa, than readby microscope by 400×and 1000× magnification. The second is cultured on Sabauraud agar media and incubated inroom temperature for ten days. Thirty four patients (20%) were positive for Candida, 28 (82.4%) positive samples withboth giemsa staining and culture, while 6 (17,6%) positive culture samples but negative giemsa staining. The values ofthe sensitivity and specificity of the Giemsa stained blood smear examination were 82%, and 100%. This result showsthat Giemsa staining has a good diagnostic value for detecting neonatal candidemia.
Covı̇d-19 Belı̇rsı̇zlı̇ğı̇nde Eğı̇tı̇m: İlkokulda Zorunlu Uzaktan Eğı̇tı̇me İlı̇şkı̇n Öğretmen Görüşlerı̇
Authors: FİDAN Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid 19 salgını sonucu gerçekleşen zorunlu uzaktan eğitim uygulamasına ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel olgubilim çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesi ilkokul kademesinde 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar dönemi uzaktan eğitim yürütmekte olan sınıf öğretmenlerinden toplanmıştır. Görüşme tekniği ile toplanan nitel veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda öğretmenler, akademik, sosyal, rahatlık, zaman, teknoloji, psikolojik, motivasyon, empati, sorumluluk, inovasyon ve veliler temalarında uzaktan eğitime ilişkin olumlu görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Öte yandan öğretmen görüşleri, erişim, motivasyon, teknoloji bağımlılığı, hazırbulunuşluk, bakış açısı, sınıf yönetimi, hareketsizlik, veliler ve rahatlık kodlarında olumsuzdur.
Círculo hermenéutico en comprensión: Sobre un vínculo original entre Hermenéutica y Lógica en el diálogo Heidegger–Gadamer
Authors: Lengyel Zsuzsanna Mariann
Published: August 2020

Andamios publica esta versión en español con la autorización de Co. of Philobiblon: Transylvanian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Humanities, propiedad de Lucian Blaga Central University Library. donde se publicó por primera vez en 2018 con el número identificador: DOI: 10.26424/philobib.2018.23.1.05o Resumen: El Círculo hermenéutico es fundamental, pero también es una de las doctrinas contenciosas con una larga tradición en la historia de la hermenéutica. En lo que sigue, el propósito de mi contribución es reconsiderar el diálogo Heidegger-Gadamer en el círculo (Zirkel Zirkelhaftigkeit), con un énfasis en cómo ellos arrojan nueva luz en el problema completo.
LINKAGE BETWEEN INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AND ASSET OWNERSHIP IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS OF YAYU WOREDA AND HURUMU WOREDA, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Kajela Mabiratu Dangia , Kumar Dara D. Prem
Published: August 2020

Rural households are engage in a variety of farm and non-farm activities based on initial assets endowments to diversify their income and cope with the risk of agricultural loss. This study was designed to assess linkage between income diversification and asset ownership among rural households in study area. Mult-stage sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from 237 farm households using semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the data. Tobit model was used to pinpoint factors that affect intensity of household income diversification and principal component analysis was used to index asset owned by households. The study shows that farm activities are the most important source of income for rural households in the study area contributing 90.92% of total households income with the remaining 9.08% originating from non-farm activities. A mean of income diversification index is 0.414(41.4%).  Factors that affect intensity of household income diversification were: aggregate index of human capital, aggregate financial capital index and extension contact positively and membership in agricultural cooperative, sex of household heads and access to training negatively. In the study area generally, household asset ownership positively and significantly affected intensity of households income diversification and it has served as means for income diversification. Asset endowment needs to be considered by policy makers in the planning of agricultural and non-agricultural initiatives in the study area.
Developing Teaching Material in Natural Science Subject Using Inductive Thinking Models to Improve Critical Thinking of 4th Grade Students
Authors: Kosmita Sri , Sukarno Sukarno , Salamah Salamah
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to create appropriate and good LKS teaching material using inductive thinking model in science learning, and to test whether there are differences in students' critical thinking by using science teaching materials based on inductive thinking model compared to conventional teaching materials in SDN 66 Kota Bengkulu. This type of research is R&D (Research and Developmet), which was developed using the Borg and Gall model proposed by Sugiyono. The instruments in this study were questionnaire and essay test. The data analysis technique used is the "t" test. The results of the study that teaching materials are appropriate according to the material experts , teachers and the product is also good according to students. Teaching material about force in science using LKS based on inductive thinking model can improve the critical thinking of SDN 66 students in Bengkulu City. This is also evidenced by the results of the "t" test obtained at sig 0.00 <0.05. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant difference between students who use science teaching materials based on inductive thinking models with conventional teaching materials at SDN 66 Bengkulu City