bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Effects on Microbial Community Characteristics in Soils under Conservation Management Practices
Authors: Unger Irene M. , Goyne Keith W. , Kennedy Ann C. , Kremer Robert J. , McLain Jean E.T. , Williams Clinton F.
Published: November 2012

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) administered to livestock are introduced to agroecosystems via land application of manure, posing a potential human and environmental health risk. Recent evidence suggests that agroforestry and grass vegetative filter strips (VFS) may act to mitigate VA transport or enhance VA degradation; however, VAs may adversely affect soil microbial communities within VFS and thus alter the primary functioning of the VFS. The objectives of this research were to investigate potential changes in microbial community structure and function and to quantify the development of antibiotic resistance in VFS and no‐till soils exposed to various VA classes and concentrations. Laboratory mesocosms were established using soils collected from no‐till cropland and two VFS (grass and agroforestry). Soils were treated with oxytetracycline or lincomycin (5–200 mg kg−1 soil). Individual mesocosms underwent destructive sampling at nine time points during 63 d, and the soils were tested for soil microbial function (C‐utilization, dehydrogenase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis assays), community structure (phospholipid fatty acid analysis), and antibiotic resistance. Functional assays associated with all VA treatments showed an initial inhibitory effect, but this trend was generally reversed by the seventh day. Shifts in microbial community structure and increased antibiotic resistance were not observed, suggesting that the soil microbial communities were robust to the effects of oxytetracycline and lincomycin at test concentrations. This work indicates that using VFS to mitigate VA loss from agroecosystems will not diminish important primary functions associated with VFS use in agriculture.
Boundary value problems associated with first order rectangular: Kronecker product systems
Authors: Murty M.S.N. , Srinivasu G. , Kumar Suresh
Published: November 2012

In this paper first, we establish a general solution of the non-linear
Kronecker product system (P(Q)(t)y'(t)+(R(S)(t)y(t) = f(t, y(t)) with the
help of variation of parameters formula. Finally, we prove existence and
uniqueness results for the non-linear Kronecker product system satisfying
general boundary condition Uy = ?, by using Schauder-Tychonov's and Brouwer's
fixed point theorems.
Algebraic hyper-structures associated to convex analysis and applications
Authors: Khalafi Delavar , Davvaz Bijan
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we generalize some concepts of convex analysis such as convex
functions and linear functions on hyper-structures. Based on new definitions
we obtain some important results in convex programming. A few suitable
examples have been given for better understanding.
Strong Whitney convergence
Authors: Caserta Agata
Published: November 2012

The notion of strong uniform convergence on bornologies introduced in 2009.
by Beer-Levi turns to give the classical convergence introduced by Arzel? in
1883. Evert in 2003. introduced the notion of Arzel?-Whitney or simply
AW-convergence for a net of functions. We define a new type of convergence, a
"strong" form of Whitney convergence on bornologies, and we prove that on
some families it coincides with that AW-convergence. Furthermore, we study
the countability properties of this new function space.
On the ratio of directed lengths on the plane with generalized absolute value metric and related properties
Authors: Soydan Gökhan , Doğru Yusuf , Arslandoğan Umut
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we show that a point of division divides a related line
segment in the same ratio on the plane with generalized absolute value metric
and Euclidean plane. Then the coordinates of the division point can be
determined by the same formula as in the Euclidean plane. In the latter parts
of the work, we give Ceva's and Menelaus'es theorems and the theorem of
directed lines on the plane with generalized absolute value metric.
The upper connected edge geodetic number of a graph
Authors: Santhakumaran A.P. , John J.
Published: November 2012

For a non-trivial connected graph G, a set S ? V (G) is called an edge
geodetic set of G if every edge of G is contained in a geodesic joining some
pair of vertices in S. The edge geodetic number g1(G) of G is the minimum
order of its edge geodetic sets and any edge geodetic set of order g1(G) is
an edge geodetic basis. A connected edge geodetic set of G is an edge
geodetic set S such that the subgraph G[S] induced by S is connected. The
minimum cardinality of a connected edge geodetic set of G is the connected
edge geodetic number of G and is denoted by g1c(G). A connected edge geodetic
set of cardinality g1c(G) is called a g1c- set of G or connected edge
geodetic basis of G. A connected edge geodetic set S in a connected graph G
is called a minimal connected edge geodetic set if no proper subset of S is a
connected edge geodetic set of G. The upper connected edge geodetic number g+
1c(G) is the maximum cardinality of a minimal connected edge geodetic set of
G. Graphs G of order p for which g1c(G) = g+1c = p are characterized. For
positive integers r,d and n ( d + 1 with r ? d ? 2r, there exists a connected
graph of radius r, diameter d and upper connected edge geodetic number n. It
is shown for any positive integers 2 ? a < b ? c, there exists a connected
graph G such that g1(G) = a; g1c(G) = b and g+ 1c(G) = c.
More on Laplacian Estrada indices of trees
Authors: Du Zhibin
Published: November 2012

The Laplacian Estrada index of a graph G is defined as LEE(G)= ?ni=1 e?i ,
where ?1, ?2, ... ?n are the Laplacian eigenvalues of G. We determine
the unique tree with maximum Laplacian Estrada index among the set of trees
with given bipartition. We also determine the unique trees with the third,
the fourth, the fifth and the sixth maximum Laplacian Estrada indices.
BCC-algebras with pseudo-valuations
Authors: Jun Bae , Ahn Shin , Roh Hwan
Published: November 2012

The notion of pseudo-valuations (valuations) on a BCC-algebra is introduced
by using the Bu?neag?s model ([1-3]), and a pseudo-metric is induced by a
pseudo-valuation on BCC-algebras. Conditions for a real-valued function to
be an BCK-pseudo-valuation are provided. The fact that the binary operation
in BCC-algebras is uniformly continuous is provided based on the notion of
(pseudo) valuation.
Slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Sahin Bayram , Yıldırım Cumali
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we define and study both slant lightlike submanifolds and
screen slant lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite Sasakian manifold. We
provide non-trivial examples and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions
for the existence of a slant lightlike submanifold.
Selection properties in fuzzy metric spaces
Authors: Kocinac Ljubisa
Published: November 2012

We introduce and study some boundedness properties in fuzzy metric spaces.
These properties are related to the classical covering properties of Menger,
Hurewicz and Rothberger.
On classifications of transformation semigroups: Indicator sequences and indicator topological spaces
Authors: Shirazi Zadeh , Golestani Nasser
Published: November 2012

In this paper considering a transformation semigroup with finite height we
define the notion of indicator sequence in such a way that any two
transformation semigroups with the same indicator sequence have the same
height. Also related to any transformation semigroup a topological space,
called indicator topological space, is defined in such a way that
transformation semigroups with homeomorphic indicator topological spaces
have the same height. Moreover any two transformation semigroups with
homeomorphic indicator topological spaces and finite height have the same
indicator sequences.
Hölder’s means and triangles inscribed in a semicircle in Banach spaces
Authors: Cui Huanhuan , Lu Ge
Published: November 2012

By the H?lder?s means, we introduce two classes geometric constants for
Banach spaces. We study some geometric properties related to these constants
and the stability under norm perturbations of them.
The upper connected vertex detour number of a graph
Authors: Santhakumaran A.P. , Titus P.
Published: November 2012

For vertices x and y in a connected graph G = (V, E) of order at least two,
the detour distance D(x, y) is the length of the longest x ? y path in G: An
x ? y path of length D(x, y) is called an x ? y detour. For any vertex x in
G, a set S ? V is an x-detour set of G if each vertex v ? V lies on an x ? y
detour for some element y in S: The minimum cardinality of an x-detour set
of G is defined as the x-detour number of G; denoted by dx(G): An x-detour
set of cardinality dx(G) is called a dx-set of G: A connected x-detour set
of G is an x-detour set S such that the subgraph G[S] induced by S is
connected. The minimum cardinality of a connected x-detour set of G is the
connected x-detour number of G and is denoted by cdx(G). A connected
x-detour set of cardinality cdx(G) is called a cdx-set of G. A connected
x-detour set Sx is called a minimal connected x-detour set if no proper
subset of Sx is a connected x-detour set. The upper connected x-detour
number, denoted by cd+ x (G), is defined as the maximum cardinality of a
minimal connected x-detour set of G: We determine bounds for cd+ x (G) and
find the same for some special classes of graphs. For any three integers a;
b and c with 2 ? a < b ? c, there is a connected graph G with dx(G) = a;
cdx(G) = b and cd+ x (G) = c for some vertex x in G: It is shown that for
positive integers R,D and n ? 3 with R < D ? 2R; there exists a connected
graph G with detour radius R; detour diameter D and cd+ x (G) = n for some
vertex x in G.
A common fixed point theorem for cyclic operators on partial metric spaces
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Shobkolaei Nabi , Sedghi Shaban , Vaezpour Mansour
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for two self-mappings
satisfying certain conditions over the class of partial metric spaces. In
particular, the main theorem of this manuscript extends some well-known
fixed point theorems in the literature on this topic.
Changes in parameters of glycoregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus patients with different approach to insulin therapy introduction
Authors: Mladenovic Violeta , Djukic Aleksandar , Varjacic Mirjana , Macut Djuro
Published: November 2012

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of
glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The
diagnosis of GDM is made by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
in women with risk factors, usually during 24th to 28th week of gestation.
The most common used insulin therapy regime is a conventional intensive
insulin therapy with four daily doses. Objective. The aim of our study was to
determine the changes in parameters of glycoregulation in GDM patients with
different approach to the introduction of insulin therapy. Methods. Study
group consisted of 50 pregnant women divided into two groups depending on the
parameters of glycoregulation (glycemic profile and HbA1). Group 1 consisted
of pregnant women initially treated with diet only and then, according to
glycemic profile and HbA1 profile, in the next few weeks with insulin
therapy. Group 2 were pregnant women who were treated with insulin therapy
immediately after GDM diagnosis. Results. There was a statistically
significant difference in mean glycemia values in the 60th and 120th minute
between the two groups (p=0.001). There was a difference in mean value of
fasting blood and postprandial glucose between the two groups; it was higher
in Group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two
groups in HbA1c value at the beginning (5.1?0.4% vs. 5.42?0.43%, p=0.005) and
at the end of therapy (4.87?0.29% vs. 5.1?0.39 %, p=0.018). Conclusion.
Satisfactory glycoregulation was achieved in both studied groups.
Correlation of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with anthropometric parameters in newborns
Authors: Palcevska-Kocevska Snezana , Aluloska Natasa , Krstevska Marija , Shukarova-Angelovska Elena , Kojik Ljiljana , Zisovska Elizabeta , Kocevski Dragoslav , Kocova Mirjana
Published: November 2012

Introduction. It has been shown that some adipocytokines and their mutual
relationship can be indicators of fetal and neonatal growth. Physiological
role of leptin and adiponectin in fetal and neonatal growth is not well
established. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation
of the anthropometrics parameters and serum concentration of leptin and
adiponectin levels in healthy newborns. Methods. A cohort of 110 neonates,
born after uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term, were classified as
AGA (n=60), SGA (n=30) and LGA (n=20) according to the Lubchenco curves.
Anthropometric parameters of the neonates: birth weight (BW), birth length
(BL), body weight/body length ratio (BW/ BL), Body Mass Index (BMI) and
Ponderal Index (PI) were recorded after birth. Results. Mean serum leptin and
adiponectin levels in both sexes were not significantly different (male:
1.85?0.75; 29.51?22.89 and female: 2.06?0.99; 31.60?23.51 ng/mL). There was a
significant difference between leptin levels in AGA and LGA newborns
(1.93?0.84 vs. 3.12?1.50 ng/mL) (p<0.05), and in adiponectin levels between
AGA and LGA compared to SGA newborns (32.8?23.29 and 43.40?31.24 vs.
12.67?2.43 ng/mL, respectivel; p<0.05; p<0.05). Leptin and adiponectin levels
were positively correlated with BW (r=0.63 and r=0.41), BL (r=0.63, r=0.42),
BW/BL (r=0.61, r=0.41), BMI (r=0.54, r=0.35), and PI (r=0.47, r=0.29,
(p<0.01). Conclusion. Significantly higher adiponectin levels were found in
AGA neonates compared to SGA neonates. Leptin and adiponectine levels were
positively correlated with birth weight. These findings suggest that these
adipocytokines may be involved in fetal growth regulation.
The significance of second generation cardiac troponin I in early screening of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Simovic Aleksandra , Igrutinovic Zoran , Obradovic Slobodan , Ristic Dragana , Vuletic Biljana , Radovanovic Marija
Published: November 2012

Introduction. In the last few years the use of cardiac troponin I and T, as
diagnostic and prognostic factors of ischemic myocardial injury both in adult
and neonatal medicine has been of great interest. Objective. The objective of
our research was to investigate the significance of cardiac troponin I (sTnI)
as an early indicator of the presence and severity of hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns. Methods. We analyzed 55 term newborns with
HIE diagnosed based on clinical findings and ultrasonographic examination of
the central nervous system. Serum concentration of sTnIultra was determined
by immunoenzyme method during the first 24-48 hours after birth, and the
obtained findings were compared with the values of identical parameter in 36
healthy term newborns. Results. During the first 24-48 hrs after birth, serum
concentration of sTnI-ultra was significantly higher (r<0.0005) in term
newborns with HIE (0.135?0.207 ?g/l) and median (0.07, 0.01- 006 ?g/l) in
comparison to control group (0.0183?0.026 ?g/l and median 0.01 (0.01-0.01
?g/l), with the sTnI-ultra level rising proportionally to the clinical HIE
stages. The increase of sTnI-ultra of >0.12 ?g/l indicated the development of
significant cerebral damage with the sensitivity of 75% and specificity of
72.2%, while the sTnI-ultra level of >0.13 ?g/l was a significant mortality
predictor with sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 73.8%. Conclusion. The
second generation cardiac troponin I assay highly correlates with clinical
and ultrasonographic findings in neonates with HIE, so that it can be used as
a significant diagnostic and prognostic indicator of this pathological
condition.
Integral treatment of children with dyslexia - 40 years experience
Authors: Stosljevic Miodrag , Odovic Gordana , Adamovic Milosav
Published: November 2012

Introduction. Dyslexia represents a significant pediatric problem requiring
prompt and appropriate treatment. Objective. The aim of this study was to
examine the significance of integral rehabilitation approach in treating
dyslexia of children. Methods. Objectives of the study were accomplished on a
sample of 300 children, aged 11-15 years, with etiologically variable
dyslexia. Results. The results gained from the integral treatment of children
with dyslexia were more successful than those obtained from isolated
logaoedic treatment, when compared in 10-15 examined variables; replacement
of graphically similar letters (p=0.000), replacement of syllables (p=0.010),
replacement of words - guessing (p=0.019), structural errors - displacement
or insertion (p=0.038), adding letters and syllables (p=0.001), repeating of
word parts (p=0.001), reading of a word in several wrong ways (p=0.001),
omission of words and whole lines (p=0.000), returning to already read line
(p=0.000), level of dyslexia (p=0.000). Conclusion. Dyslexia requires a
multidisciplinary therapeutic approach in which integral rehabilitation
treatment has an exceptionally large significance.
Dilated cardiomiopathy associated with celiac disease: Case report and literature review
Authors: Milisavljevic Nemanja , Cvetkovic Mirjana , Nikolic Goran , Filipovic Branka , Milinic Nikola
Published: November 2012

Introduction. Celiac disease is an inflammatory condition of the small
intestinal mucosa induced by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible
individuals, leading to a spectrum of gastrointestinal presentation. A number
of autoimmune and other disorders are highly associated with celiac disease.
Cardiomyopathy associated with celiac disease has been rarely reported in the
literature. Case Outline. We present a case of a 27-year-old male with one
month history of diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, dyspeptic symptoms,
peripheral edema, and cardiac palpitations. After positive serological
screening with immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody test,
the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed with histopathology examination
of duodenal biopsy specimen. Echocardiographic findings were consistent with
acute myocarditis. After common causes of myocarditis had been excluded,
probable celiac disease-associated autoimmune myocarditis was diagnosed. The
patient was recommended to undergo a strict life-long gluten-free diet. IgA
anti-transglutaminase antibodies, and anti-gliadin antibodies, were both
significantly elevated during the 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up. Low
compliance to gluten-free diet in our patient led to progressive worsening of
the left ventricular ejective fraction and other serious cardiac
complications which warranted invasive cardiac interventions. Conclusion.
Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with celiac disease is a serious condition
which requires multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterologist and
cardiologist. Compliance with gluten-free diet is mandatory if patients are
to avoid progression of cardiomyopathy. Screening of patients with idiopathic
dilated cardiomyopathy for celiac disease is advisable.
Effectiveness of computer-assisted orthodontic treatment technology to achieve predicted outcomes
Authors: Larson Brent E. , Vaubel Christopher J. , Grünheid Thorsten
Published: November 2012

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of computer-assisted orthodontic treatment technology to produce the tooth position prescribed by the virtual treatment plan.

Materials and Methods:

Posttreatment models of 23 patients treated with SureSmile were digitally superimposed on their corresponding virtual treatment plan models utilizing best-fit surface-based registration. Individual tooth-position discrepancies between virtual treatment plan and actual outcome were computed. Discrepancies less than 0.5 mm in mesial-distal, facial-lingual, and vertical dimensions, and less than 2° for crown torque, tip, and rotation were considered clinically ideal. One-sided test of equivalence was performed on each discrepancy measurement, with P < .05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

Mesial-distal tooth position was clinically ideal for all teeth with the exception of maxillary lateral incisors and second molars. Facial-lingual tooth position was clinically ideal for all teeth except maxillary central incisors, premolars, and molars, and mandibular incisors and second molars. Vertical tooth position was clinically ideal for all teeth except mandibular second molars. For crown torque, tip, and rotation, discrepancy exceeded the limits considered clinically ideal for all teeth except for crown torque on mandibular second premolars and crown tip on mandibular second premolars and first molars.

Conclusions:

The effectiveness of computer-assisted orthodontic treatment technology to achieve predicted tooth position varies with tooth type and dimension of movement.
On the structure of perfect sets in various topologies associated with tree forcings
Authors: Nowik Andrzej , Reardon Patrick
Published: November 2012

We prove that the Ellentuck, Hechler and dual Ellentuck topologies are perfect isomorphic to one another. This shows that the structure of perfect sets in all these spaces is the same. We prove this by finding homeomorphic embeddings of one space into a perfect subset of another. We prove also that the space corresponding to eventually different forcing cannot contain a perfect subset homeomorphic to any of the spaces above.
Critical configurations of planar robot arms
Authors: Khimshiashvili Giorgi , Panina Gaiane , Siersma Dirk , Zhukova Alena
Published: November 2012

It is known that a closed polygon P is a critical point of the oriented area function if and only if P is a cyclic polygon, that is, P can be inscribed in a circle. Moreover, there is a short formula for the Morse index. Going further in this direction, we extend these results to the case of open polygonal chains, or robot arms. We introduce the notion of the oriented area for an open polygonal chain, prove that critical points are exactly the cyclic configurations with antipodal endpoints and derive a formula for the Morse index of a critical configuration.
Solution to the equations of the moment expansions
Authors: Amore Paolo , Fernández Francisco
Published: November 2012

We develop a formula for matching a Taylor series about the origin and an asymptotic exponential expansion for large values of the coordinate. We test it on the expansion of the generating functions for the moments and connected moments of the Hamiltonian operator. In the former case the formula produces the energies and overlaps for the Rayleigh-Ritz method in the Krylov space. We choose the harmonic oscillator and a strongly anharmonic oscillator as illustrative examples for numerical test. Our results reveal some features of the connected-moments expansion that were overlooked in earlier studies and applications of the approach.
Development of Active Management Screening Tool
Authors: Kuhn Beverly T. , Jasek Debbie , Brydia Robert E.
Published: November 2012

This paper summarizes an FHWA-directed project for the development of an active management screening tool (AMST) for agencies with congestion management process planning tools. The purpose of the AMST is to help those agencies better assess the potential of active management strategies for their region within the congestion management process. Furthermore, the AMST is structured to provide beneficial information and general guidance related to active management strategies in all areas and levels of transportation planning. The tool directly links the transportation planning process with operations by providing regional managers with information about operational strategies that they may find most beneficial to include in their plan for the regional transportation network. The AMST ascertains, at the appropriate screening level, major attributes about candidate corridors that help determine the suitability and appropriateness of an active management strategy. In successive steps the AMST ascertains the best strategy and its companion support that will enhance the facility's and program's responsiveness to the mobility, safety, and environmental needs of the corridor. Active management strategies included in the tool are high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, express toll lanes, nontolled express lanes, exclusive or dedicated truck lanes, exclusive transitways, temporary shoulder use on freeways, speed harmonization, queue warning, dynamic rerouting and traveler information, ramp metering, dynamic merge control, and automated enforcement.
Notes on Contributors
Authors: Barulea Hervé (Baru) , Bumatay Michelle , Calargé Carla , Conard Sébastian , Lambeens Tom , Leory Fabrice
Published: November 2012

Notes on contributors
Where and When Should Sensors Move? Sampling Using the Expected Value of Information
Authors: De Bruin Sytze , Ballari Daniela , Bregt Arnold
Published: November 2012

In case of an environmental accident, initially available data are often insufficient for properly managing the situation. In this paper, new sensor observations are iteratively added to an initial sample by maximising the global expected value of information of the points for decision making. This is equivalent to minimizing the aggregated expected misclassification costs over the study area. The method considers measurement error and different costs for class omissions and false class commissions. Constraints imposed by a mobile sensor web are accounted for using cost distances to decide which sensor should move to the next sample location. The method is demonstrated using synthetic examples of static and dynamic phenomena. This allowed computation of the true misclassification costs and comparison with other sampling approaches. The probability of local contamination levels being above a given critical threshold were computed by indicator kriging. In the case of multiple sensors being relocated simultaneously, a genetic algorithm was used to find sets of suitable new measurement locations. Otherwise, all grid nodes were searched exhaustively, which is computationally demanding. In terms of true misclassification costs, the method outperformed random sampling and sampling based on minimisation of the kriging variance.
Innate Immunity to H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Humans
Authors: Ramos Irene , Fernandez-Sesma Ana
Published: November 2012

Avian influenza virus infections in the human population are rare due to their inefficient direct human-to-human transmission. However, when humans are infected, a strong inflammatory response is usually induced, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines in serum, believed to be important in the severe pathogenesis that develops in a high proportion of these patients. Extensive research has been performed to understand the molecular viral mechanisms involved in the H5N1 pathogenesis in humans, providing interesting insights about the virus-host interaction and the regulation of the innate immune response by these highly pathogenic viruses. In this review we summarize and discuss the most important findings in this field, focusing mainly on H5N1 virulence factors and their impact on the modulation of the innate immunity in humans.
Experience Quality in the Different Phases of a Tourist Vacation: A Case of Northern Norway
Authors: Prebensen Nina K. , Woo Eunju , Chen Joseph S. , Uysal Muzaffer
Published: November 2012

The overall goal of this study is to explore the relative importance different groups of tourists give to the vacation experience phases (pretrip, en-route, and on-site experiences). By clustering the tourist by their motivation and subsequently testing the relative importance given
to the various trip phases, the idea is to get new knowledge in terms of quality perceptions of the different phases of a journey, not only on-site experiences for different tourist segments. The tourist journey is divided into three phases: pretrip experience, en-route trip experience, and
destination on-site experiences. Factor analysis of motivation items resulted in four groupings of motivation factors: "Personal enrichment," "Escape," "Socialization," and "Family togetherness." Cluster analysis based on factor scores of the motivation items identified two segments. Segment
I included 161 respondents (28% of the sampled visitors); Segment II contained 418 (72% of the sampled visitors). The two motivation-based segments were then examined and profiled with quality elements of the three trip phases, visitor's demographic, and behavior variables. The results show
that tourists value the various phases of the journey differently based on their motivation to travel. The study results are discussed in terms practical implication for the tourism industry to enhance the total experience quality of a journey by including all the phases of a vacation trip.
Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Tourism Research: A Methodological Review
Authors: Assaker Guy , Huang Songshan , Hallak Rob
Published: November 2012

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), as an alternative technique to traditional covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), offers greater flexibility with regard to data assumptions and could be better harnessed by tourism researchers as a research
tool. This article reviews four selected tourism articles using PLS-SEM to highlight the key methodological issues of applying the technique. In so doing, the article provides guidelines for researchers adopting PLS-SEM as a data analysis tool in tourism research, especially when data are
multivariate nonnormal and the model includes formative and reflective constructs.
Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution
Authors: Briechle Bernd M , Kim Youngsang , Ehrenreich Philipp , Erbe Artur , Sysoiev Dmytro , Huhn Thomas , Groth Ulrich , Scheer Elke
Published: November 2012

We report on an experimental analysis of the charge transport through sulfur-free photochromic molecular junctions. The conductance of individual molecules contacted with gold electrodes and the current–voltage characteristics of these junctions are measured in a mechanically controlled break-junction system at room temperature and in liquid environment. We compare the transport properties of a series of molecules, labeled TSC, MN, and 4Py, with the same switching core but varying side-arms and end-groups designed for providing the mechanical and electrical contact to the gold electrodes. We perform a detailed analysis of the transport properties of TSC in its open and closed states. We find rather broad distributions of conductance values in both states. The analysis, based on the assumption that the current is carried by a single dominating molecular orbital, reveals distinct differences between both states. We discuss the appearance of diode-like behavior for the particular species 4Py that features end-groups, which preferentially couple to the metal electrode by physisorption. We show that the energetic position of the molecular orbital varies as a function of the transmission. Finally, we show for the species MN that the use of two cyano end-groups on each side considerably enhances the coupling strength compared to the typical behavior of a single cyano group.
Acylsulfonamide safety-catch linker: promise and limitations for solid–phase oligosaccharide synthesis
Authors: Yin Jian , Eller Steffen , Collot Mayeul , Seeberger Peter H
Published: November 2012

Safety-catch linkers are useful for solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis as they are orthogonal to many common protective groups. A new acylsulfonamide safety-catch linker was designed, synthesized and employed during glycosylations using an automated carbohydrate synthesizer. The analysis of the cleavage products revealed shortcomings for oligosaccharide synthesis.
Atazanavir Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eley Timothy , Bertz Richard , Hardy Hélène , Burger David
Published: November 2012

Background

For some antiretroviral therapies, drug concentrations are reduced during pregnancy, potentially compromising effective virological suppression.

Methods

Data on atazanavir boosted with ritonavir in pregnancy are reviewed.

Results

With standard atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg once-daily dosing: atazanavir area-under-the-concentration–time curves were reduced during pregnancy in most studies, but overall interpretation differed according to the data used for comparison; atazanavir concentration 24 h post-dose was maintained >150 ng/ml in 97.6% of women; no instance of mother-to-child transmission occurred in treatment-adherent mothers; and infant hyperbilirubinaemia was not elevated beyond levels expected in the neonatal period.

Conclusions

With concurrent medications that reduce atazanavir drug concentrations, optimal therapy during pregnancy may require once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg; however, using this dose during the third trimester doubled maternal grade 3–4 hyperbilirubi-naemia rates.
La performance comme marqueur d'une transformation des modes de subjectivation
Authors: Alix Jean-Sébastien
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article tend à saisir la portée des réformes sur les pratiques des travailleurs sociaux. Si de tout temps les professionnels ont eu le souci de rendre compte de leur travail, cette obligation est aujourd’hui systématisée et codifiée selon des protocoles déterminés. Nous verrons que la compréhension de la « performance » nécessite de dépasser l’idée que c’est un « terme à la mode ». Cet engouement généralisé répond à un principe plus structurel d’une transformation des modes de subjectivation des travailleurs sociaux, c’est-à-dire qu’il s’inscrit plus profondément dans une nouvelle manière de penser l’action.
La performance : l'affaire de tous... la responsabilité de chacun
Authors: Samson-Saulnier Gyslaine
Published: November 2012

Résumé La thématique proposée dans le cadre de la présente publication constitue un sujet d’actualité en raison des nombreuses pressions que vit le réseau sanitaire et médico-social. Elle nous fournit l’occasion de prendre un peu de recul afin d’en saisir la signification, la portée, les enjeux. Que ce soit en réponse à l’accroissement, à la diversification et à la complexification des besoins, à l’adaptation nécessaire des services, à la pérennité du système à assurer, l’imputabilité des acteurs qui y œuvrent constitue un élément-clé de son évolution.
Politique de la parole
Authors: Boudjemai Youcef
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le travail social a toujours eu à répondre aux mesures techniques et de contrôle visant l’amélioration de la qualité de ses actes, afin de s’adapter aux exigences de son temps. Toutefois, dans un contexte d’incertitudes et d’éclatement identitaire du secteur professionnel, la performance apparaît comme le dogme moderniste de la légitimation de ses réalisations. Elle a, peu à peu, contaminé l’ensemble de ses activités humaines, en affectant le langage et en vidant les mots et les modes relationnels de leur subjectivité. Face à ce symptôme, il convient d’opposer une politique de la parole, portée par une clinique sociale du sujet, par laquelle l’individu se construit son identité propre.
Developing a Skills-Based Competency Course
Authors: Chappell Kathy , Koithan Mary
Published: November 2012

Skills-based competency programs evaluate whether participants can demonstrate knowledge, skills, and professional behaviors associated with a skill in a simulated or actual clinical setting. Critical elements for program development include accurate and precise outcome statements that delineate the skill to be performed and valid and reliable evaluation criteria that identify the critical behaviors necessary for safe and competent performance.
High-Fidelity Simulation and Safety: An Integrative Review
Authors: Shearer Jennifer E.
Published: November 2012

Previous reviews of simulation relating to critical thinking and efficacy called for more research on the effects of simulation and safety. Safety, as a skill performance outcome of high-fidelity simulation, is reviewed. Data included studies of nursing education that linked safety dimensions with high-fidelity simulation at all student levels. Only primary sources published since 2007 were included. This integrative review evaluates data using scores to assign value to the evidence, analyzes data within categories defined as safety behaviors, and compares evidence using a matrix of factors and outcomes. Definitions of safety and measurement tools are critiqued. Findings reveal that simulation-enhanced clinical experiences may decrease medication errors. Any evidence about perceived improvement in safer communication has not been translated into practice. Knowledge and attitudes of safety may be improved with simulation, depending on the students’ educational levels. More comparative studies are needed to support theoretical models of simulation.
Cognitive Maturity and Readiness for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Authors: Nickerson Carolyn J. , Thurkettle Mary Ann
Published: November 2012

Individual factors are known to influence engagement in research utilization and evidence-based practice (EBP). Cognitive maturity is one factor that may enhance interest in and willingness to engage in clinical inquiry, research utilization, and EBP. Adult cognitive development theory explains why research training alone may not suffice to prepare nurses for EBP. Epistemic assumptions held by pre-reflective and quasireflective thinkers interfere with openness to uncertainty and ambiguity in practice and accurate understanding of the value of research for practice. Nurses may use good formal logic, but they also believe in authority, or revealed truth, as the criterion for knowledge and sometimes fail to perceive the need to evaluate evidence. Developmentally oriented educational efforts informed by the reflective judgment model have the potential to foster the cognitive development required in students of EBP. Further inquiry into the relationship between cognitive maturity and EBP will enhance these educational efforts.
Design and construction of prestressed arch using plastic shoppers waste
Authors: Ali Khan S. , Ahmad Kamal M.
Published: November 2012

Since the development of plastic in the last century, being versitile it has become very popular for diversified uses. The problem appears when these plastics, particularly shoppers are disposed as waste. The current reuse and recycling rates for the plastic shoppers waste are very low. Construction Industry has a great potential for the reuse of shoppers waste. Shoppers waste has been compressed to fabricate compressed shoppers waste (CSW) blocks. This study is related to an innovative reuse of CSW-blocks for the construction of prestressed structural arch. This paper is dedicated to the design and construction of structural arch using shoppers waste as a material.
Coordinated Drop Shipping Commitment Contract in Dual-Distribution Channel Supply Chain
Authors: Zhao Jinshi , Duan Yongrui , Wang Shijin , Huo Jiazhen
Published: November 2012

It is a general trend for retailers to develop dual channel to serve different customers. Engaging in internet and drop shipping has raised serious awareness and attention in the retailing field. Retailers are competing for dominance from suppliers using terminal position in many industries like appliance and fast moving consumer goods. In this paper, the authors examine such supply chain context and propose the commitment contracts for the drop shipping supply chain. In a drop-shipping model, the retailer focuses on marketing and customer acquisition, so it has more customer demand information than the supplier. To optimize profit, the retailer usually sends over-estimated demand information to the supplier. On the contrary, the supplier has to design a contract to control such a behavior of the retailer. Their study is to optimize the profit of the supplier and the whole supply chain using the commitment contract that can coordinate the retailer and the supplier in dual-channel and drop-shipping supply chain. If the retailer’s order quantity achieves centralized level, the profit of the supply chain can be maximized.
A New Electronic Commerce Architecture in the Cloud
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Li Chao , Xue Sixin , Liu Yuenan , Zhang Yong , Xing Chunxiao
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the authors propose a new electronic commerce architecture in the cloud that satisfies the requirements of the cloud. This architecture includes five technologies, which are the massive EC data storage technology in the cloud, the massive EC data processing technology in the cloud, the EC security management technology in the cloud, OLAP technology for EC in the cloud, and active EC technology in the cloud. Finally, a detailed discussion of future trends for EC in the cloud environment is presented in this paper.
Pen Testing for Web Applications
Authors: Al-Ahmad Ahmad , Abu Ata Belal , Wahbeh Abdullah
Published: November 2012

As many Web applications are developed daily and used extensively, it becomes important for developers and testers to improve these application securities. Pen testing is a technique that helps these developers and testers to ensure that the security levels of their Web application are at acceptable level to be used safely. Different tools are available for Pen testing Web applications; in this paper the authors compared six Pen testing tools for Web applications. The main goal of these tests is to check whether there are any security vulnerabilities in Web applications. A list of faults injected into set of Web pages is used in order to check if tools can find them as they are claimed. Test results showed that these tools are not efficient and developers should not depend solely on them.
A Novel Approach to Design a Scalable Air Quality Monitoring System
Authors: Atanasov Ivaylo , Trifonov Ventsislav , Nikolova Kamelia , Pencheva Evelina
Published: November 2012

The research presents a novel approach to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions monitoring and access to local air quality data. The approach applies the advanced Internet of things technology to design a mobile telemetry system for CO2 data collection and processing in order to be presented as a value-added application to mobile users. Based on requirements analysis, functional architecture for mobile telemetry system is proposed. The design aspects of mobile telemetry application layer protocol are studied. An approach to formal verification of protocol behavior is suggested. An information model that captures the basic concepts related to CO2 monitoring is proposed. Examples of ubiquitous access to CO2 measurements are described.
The Phone as a Tool for Combining Online and Offline Social Activity
Authors: Nylander Stina , Larshammar Malin
Published: November 2012

The authors have analyzed two months of log data and 100 surveys on the phone use of a Swedish online community for teenagers to investigate the mobile use of an established online service. This shows that the phone use mostly takes place during times of the day when teenagers have social time and the use is not influenced by the availability of a computer. The phone makes the community access more private compared to the computer, but teens do share the use when they want to. The cell phone bridges the online and offline social communities and allows teens to participate in both at the same time. The online community is not only a place for social activity online; it is also a social activity offline that is carried out face-to-face with friends. Thus, the cell phone was a tool for the teens to combine their participation in the online and the offline world.
Die noodsaaklikheid van habitat in ons definisie van menswees: Op soek na ’n eko-teologiese verstaan van menslike lewe
Authors: Buitendag Johan
Published: November 2012

The indispensability of habitat in our definition of human personhood: In search of an eco-theological understanding of human life. The endeavour of this article is to arrive at a theological responsible conception of life. Life cannot be described adequately only in terms of body and soul (and/or spirit), or even in terms of human personhood. The point is that it is constitutive for life to take the human being’s environment sociologically as well as ecologically into account. This article does not plead for a nature religion as advocated by the Deep Green Movement and all its variations of naturalism and supernaturalism, but asks for a revaluation of a Christian anthropology which approaches the Bible with a green hermeneutics. Perhaps the expression, ‘bio-cultural’ paradigm requests to be substituted with an eco-sociological niche of the human person. An eco-sociological (eco-theological) understanding of homo religiosus is therefore to assume human life as ontologically ‘distributed’.
Die vier Nicaanse merktekens van die kerk as rigtingwysers in ‘n ekklesiologiese diskoers
Authors: Schalekamp M. Etienne , De Klerk Ben J.
Published: November 2012

Die ondersoek het rondom die vier begrippe in die Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea gesentreer, naamlik eenheid, heiligheid, katolisiteit en apostolisiteit. Die vraag wat nagegaan was, is of hierdie vier merktekens kan dien as riglyne in ’n ekklesiologiese  diskoers. In die artikel was eerstens aandag gegee aan die Belydenis van Nicea oor die  merktekens van die kerk, daarna was nagevors of die vier merktekens reeds in beginsel in die brief  aan die Efesiërs gevind kan word, en laastens is die merktekens kursories openbarings-histories getoets volgens die briewe aan die sewe gemeentes in Openbaring. Die bevindings  wat gemaak is kom op die volgende neer: die kerk in die eerste eeue, volgens die  merktekens van die kerk, het sy identiteit vanuit haar oorsprong missionêr geïdentifiseer en daarom  was die merktekens in hulle gerigtheid op die aktiwiteit (taak) van die kerk steeds  missionêr, om uitdrukking te gee aan die missionêre identiteit van die kerk. Die vier merktekens van  die kerk, naamlik eenheid, heiligheid, katolisiteit en apostolisiteit, behoort steeds bepalend vir  die kerk se missionêrekklesiologiese identiteit te wees.The four marks of the church in the Confession of Nicea as guidelines in an ecclesiological discours. The research centred around the four concepts in the Confession of Nicea namely unity, holiness, catholicity and apostolicity. The question investigated was whether these four marks could serve as guidelines for an ecclesiological discourse. In this article attention was firstly paid to the Confession of Nicea about the marks of the church, next it was looked into whether these marks could in principle be traced in the letter to the Ephesians. Lastly, the the marks were tested in a revelation-historically, cursory manner and in accordance with the letters to the seven congregations in Revelations. The conclusions reached amounted to the following: during the earliest centuries and/or ages the church identified, in accordance with the marks of the church, its identity as being missionary. That is why the marks in their alignment to the activities of the church, are still missionary, to give expression to the missionary identity of the church. The four marks of the church namely unity, holiness, catholicity and apostolicity should still be determining the missionary ecclesiological identity of the church.