bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene mutations as predictors of central lymph mode metastasis in cN0 PTC: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Jiaqi , Shi Xinlong
Published: November 2023

Gene mutations could predict the tumor progression and prognosis, which are us to predict CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC, however, these results are not consistent. This meta‐analysis tried to identify gene mutations which could predict CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC. A systematic search was performed for identifying relevant literature published prior to July 2023 in three search engines: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the gene mutations for CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC were included in our meta‐analysis. Sixteen studies, including 6095 cN0 PTC with BRAF mutations were include in our meta‐analysis. The prevalence of CLNM in cN0 PTC ranged from 13.7% to 50.6%. The pooled analysis demonstrated that BRAFV600E mutation is significantly associated with CLNM (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.55–2.60, p < 0.001) in PTC and PTMC (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.51–1.81, p < 0.001). Whereas, cN0 PTC with TERT (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.51–7.36, p = 0.33) and KRAS (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.51–1.81, p = 0.34) mutations might not contribute to predict CLNM. Our analysis identified that BRAF mutation was a predictive factor for cN0 PTC, as well as for cN0 PTMC, which could be useful for clinician to accurately choose prophylactic CLND and better manage cN0 PTC.
Species delimitation in Amana (Liliaceae): transcriptomes battle with evolutionary complexity
Authors: Wang Mei‐Zhen , Wu Jing , Zhang Sheng‐Lu , Mao Li‐Mi , Ohi‐Toma Tetsuo , Takano Atsuko , Zhang Yong‐Hua , Cameron Kenneth M. , Li Pan
Published: November 2023

Species delimitation has long been a subject of controversy, and there are many alternative concepts and approaches used to define species in plants. The genus Amana (Liliaceae), known as ”East Asian tulips” has a number of cryptic species and a huge genome size (1C = 21.48–57.35 pg). It also is intriguing how such a spring ephemeral genus thrives in subtropical areas. However, phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation within Amana are challenging. Here we included all species and 84 populations of Amana, which are collected throughout its distribution range. A variety of methods were used to clarify its species relationships based on a combination of morphological, ecological, genetic, evolutionary and phylogenetic species concepts. This evidence supports the recognition of at least 12 species in Amana. Moreover, we explored the complex evolutionary history within the genus and detected several historical hybridization and introgression events based on phylogenetic trees (transcriptomic and plastid), phylonetworks, admixture and ABBA‐BABA analyses. Morphological traits have undergone parallel evolution in the genus. This spring ephemeral genus might have originated from a temperate region, yet finally thrives in subtropical areas, and three hypotheses about its adaptive evolution are proposed for future testing. In addition, we propose a new species, Amana polymorpha, from eastern Zhejiang Province, China. This research also demonstrates that molecular evidence at the genome level (such as transcriptomes) has greatly improved the accuracy and reasonability of species delimitation and taxon classification.
Association of TOP2A and ADH1B with lipid levels and prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yin Dongdong , Zhang Yinci , Li Hui , Cheng Longqiang
Published: November 2023

Background

Although lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have different pathological and clinical features, they may share common driver genes. It was found that lipid levels can be used for early diagnosis of NSCLC; however, the relationship between driver genes and genes regulating lipid metabolism and their relationship with patient prognosis needs further investigation.

Methods

Genes whose expression was up‐ or down‐regulated in both LUAD and LUSC were identified using the GEO database. Online tools like GEPIA 2, PrognoScan, UALCAN, and TIMER2.0 were used to investigate the association of these gene expressions with the patient's prognosis and lipid regulatory genes. The association between clinical lipid levels and the risk of LUAD and LUSC was analyzed by using a multiple logistic regression model.

Results

Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) were identified as the only genes up‐ and down‐regulated in both LUAD and LUSC. TOP2A and ADH1B expression levels significantly correlated with the patient's gender, age, individual cancer stage, histological subtype, nodal metastasis status, and TP53 mutation status. Additionally, only LUAD patients with higher TOP2A or lower ADH1B expressions displayed poor overall and relapse‐free survival rates. Moreover, TOP2A levels exhibited a negative correlation with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in both LUAD and LUSC. However, ADH1B showed inverse associations with the above‐mentioned genes when compared to TOP2A expressions in both LUAD and LUSC. Furthermore, elevated triglyceride (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.49; P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.08 to 5.57; P < 0.05) levels might increase the risk of LUAD.

Conclusions

TOP2A and ADH1B can be used as diagnostic markers for LUAD and LUSC, but only as independent prognostic factors for LUAD, and may be involved in lipid metabolism in LUAD patients but not in LUSC. Thus, combining genetic diagnostics with lipid panel tests might be an effective method for an early diagnosis and improved prognosis of LUAD.
Can European foreign aid motivate people to stay in Africa? The root causes policy debate and irregular migration
Authors: Engberg‐Pedersen Lars , Vammen Ida Marie Savio , Lucht Hans
Published: November 2023

Motivation

In European policy debate, conflict, economic crisis, lack of development, population growth, and climate change are often seen as the root causes of migration from Africa. To deter irregular migration to Europe, aid has thus been directed towards these perceived causes. This seems, however, not to deter irregular migration.

Purpose

We explore the discrepancy between the official discourse of root causes and insights from research on migration decisions; and how discourse and evidence relate to aid. We ask what kind of policy change is needed if aid is possibly used to influence irregular migration. We focus on the motivations and drivers of migration and how development co‐operation may influence these.

Methods and approach

Considering African migration to Europe, we examine the official European discourse on root causes of irregular migration, highlight recent developments in the academic understanding of migration aspirations and drivers, and investigate various attempts to analyse the impact of foreign aid on assumed “root causes” and migration.

Findings

Migration is influenced by drivers that differ according to the specific context in which potential migrants decide to migrate or not. Aid to influence migration must be thoroughly adapted to the circumstances of potential migrants. Addressing so‐called root causes may be irrelevant to many potential migrants and will require long‐term change to have any impact. It may even increase migration in the short term. Foreign aid that adopts a blueprint regardless of context is unlikely to deter irregular migration in the short or medium term.

Policy implications

If irregular African migration to Europe is to be deterred through development co‐operation, European policy‐makers and development practitioners need to elaborate and differentiate between aid‐supported activities through careful understanding of the migration dynamics specific to individual localities and societies.
Ecological responses of epigaeic beetle composition to a volcanic eruption across temperate mountains featuring a forest‐steppe transition
Authors: Baudino Florencia , Werenkraut Victoria , Elgueta Mario , Flores Gustavo Ernesto , Marvaldi Adriana , Posadas Paula , Roig‐Juñent Sergio , Ruggiero Adriana
Published: November 2023

Monitoring changes in species composition near active volcanoes is important to identify environmental factors that maintain biological diversity after major disturbances. We investigated the taxonomic composition of epigaeic beetles' assemblages in five mountains in north‐western Patagonia (Argentina) in the aftermath of the 2011 Puyehue Cordón‐Caulle Volcanic Complex eruption.

The associations of beetle composition with the thermal environment, vegetation structure and soil characteristics were analysed using 10 m × 10 m plots with nine pitfall traps each, established 100 m apart in altitude on each mountain in 2005, 2006 (pre‐eruption) and 2012, 2015 and 2016 (post‐eruption).

We found significant differences in beetle composition between forests and high‐Andean steppes before and after the eruption. The beetle composition of forests and high‐Andean steppes differed due to higher plant cover and lower pH and herb richness in forests. Six months after the eruption, the herbs almost disappeared and forests showed high ash accumulation and lower temperature than the high‐Andean steppes. In the medium term, plant cover, temperature and soil conditions—but not ash accumulation—remained as important correlates of beetle composition. Before the eruption, forest assemblages showed higher beetle diversity and Leiodidae indicator species, but Curculionidae predominated post‐eruption. Tenebrionidae and Carabidae were high Andean steppes indicators. Post‐eruption, the beetle composition in high‐Andean steppes did not change significantly except for an increase in Tenebrionidae indicator species.

We concluded that the conservation of landscape diversity and environmental gradients maintaining the differentiation between ecoregions is essential to protect epigaeic beetle composition and for species survival after volcanic disturbances.
Larval instar estimation and ultra‐structural analysis of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Himalayas
Authors: Bharti Himender , Kaur Jaspreet , Fox Eduardo G. P. , Bharti Meenakshi
Published: November 2023

The ontogeny of an organism provides fundamental insights into its life history and evolutionary background. Among insects, especially ants, relatively few observations have been formalized about the morphology of immature stages. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, this study presents the first description of the different larval instars of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906), species endemic to the Himalayas that predominate in areas where cold temperature stress and disturbances limit the presence of other ants. The existence of four larval instars was estimated based on the frequency distribution of their measured maximum head widths. We observed discrete alterations in the body constitution and parts among the different instars, suggesting they must follow similar habits until pupation. The two species, however, present noticeable particularities in their mandibles and hair types, suggesting intrinsic life adaptations. Observed traits complementary with previous descriptions with larvae of the genus and related taxa are suggestive of considerable evolutionary distance from Messor, considered the sister clade, which merits further taxonomic investigation in future studies.
Structural basis of Irgb6 inactivation by Toxoplasma gondii through the phosphorylation of switch I
Authors: Okuma Hiromichi , Saijo‐Hamano Yumiko , Yamada Hiroshi , Sherif Aalaa Alrahman , Hashizaki Emi , Sakai Naoki , Kato Takaaki , Imasaki Tsuyoshi , Kikkawa Satoshi , Nitta Eriko , Sasai Miwa , Abe Tadashi , Sugihara Fuminori , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Kosako Hidetaka , Takei Kohji , Standley Daron M. , Yamamoto Masahiro , Nitta Ryo
Published: November 2023

Irgb6 is a priming immune‐related GTPase (IRG) that counteracts Toxoplasma gondii. It is known to be recruited to the low virulent type II T. gondii parasitophorous vacuole (PV), initiating cell‐autonomous immunity. However, the molecular mechanism by which immunity‐related GTPases become inactivated after the parasite infection remains obscure. Here, we found that Thr95 of Irgb6 is prominently phosphorylated in response to low virulent type II T. gondii infection. We observed that a phosphomimetic T95D mutation in Irgb6 impaired its localization to the PV and exhibited reduced GTPase activity in vitro. Structural analysis unveiled an atypical conformation of nucleotide‐free Irgb6‐T95D, resulting from a conformational change in the G‐domain that allosterically modified the PV membrane‐binding interface. In silico docking corroborated the disruption of the physiological membrane binding site. These findings provide novel insights into a T. gondii‐induced allosteric inactivation mechanism of Irgb6.
Neutrophil Reactivity Intensity and misclassification of immature granulocytes
Authors: Wiwe Elias Frost , Kofoed Isabella Katarina , Dufréchou Muriel Julie Falk , Philipsen Jens Peter , Lemvig Birthe , Rasmussen Katrine Laura , Smith Julie , Hillig Thore
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) is an important biomarker for infection control. We observed spurious cases where the IG% was dramatically underestimated on the automated Sysmex XN‐series hehmatology analyzer compared with manual differential. These cases were associated with high values of “Neutrophil Reactivity Intensity” (NEUT‐RI), which should reflect the metabolic activity of the neutrophils.

Methods

We conducted a three‐stage study to evaluate whether NEUT‐RI could be utilized to screen for misclassified IG% results defined as the manual differential estimating a 10 percentage points higher IG% compared with the automated Sysmex differential.

First, 124 patient samples were selected for 800‐cell manual smear analysis based on their NEUT‐RI values and compared with the automatic Sysmex IG% results. Next, 11 098 routine 110‐cell manual smear analyses were compared with the corresponding Sysmex IG% results. Finally, during a 19‐day period 160 additional patient samples underwent smear based on NEUT‐RI values ≥56 fluorescence intensity (FI) to screen for misclassified results beyond our current smear practice.

Results

NEUT‐RI ≥56 predicted IG% misclassification with 91% sensitivity and 88% specificity, but primarily when the internal Sysmex flag “Abnormal WBC Scattergram” was present. 90.1% of misclassified results were identified by this flag. Beyond our existing smear rules including this flag, NEUT‐RI ≥56 FI had a positive predictive value below 1%.

Conclusion

Both NEUT‐RI and the internal Sysmex flag “Abnormal WBC Scattergram” work well to identify cases of IG% misclassification. However, in our setting NEUT‐RI ≥56 FI had no meaningful additional predictive capacity to identify misclassifications beyond our current smear rules.
A retrospective analysis of the patient journey for children with an unerupted maxillary central incisor
Authors: Hurry K. Julia , Bolooki Honieh , Davies Janet , Chang Cherry , Jauhar Preeti
Published: November 2023

Background

Maxillary central incisors (MCI) are the third most impacted teeth. Timely multidisciplinary management is indicated as unerupted incisors can cause functional‐ and appearance‐related distress.

Aim

To assess the patient journey for children with unerupted MCI, including referral, clinical assessment, surgical management and follow‐up treatment, and highlight areas for improvement, as well as identify factors impacting orthodontic treatment burden (OTB).

Design

A retrospective service evaluation of children aged 6–16 years who had surgical management of unerupted MCI under general anaesthetic (GA) between 2018 and 2021.

Results

Fifty‐two children with 62 unerupted MCI were identified. Mean age at referral was 8.8 years. Most children (82.7%) had supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla. Mean time between listing for GA and surgery increased from 4.3 to 15.2 months following the COVID‐19 lockdown. Mean age at surgery was 10.4 years. Supernumerary removal and incisor exposure and bond was the most common treatment (56.6%). Most patients required hospital orthodontic treatment post‐surgery (65.4%).

Conclusion

Most children referred were below 9 years (60.1%); these children had reduced OTB compared to those who had been referred at an older age. Stage of root development was also a significant predictor in OTB. An unexpected finding was that conical supernumeraries were found to prevent MCI eruption.
Informal caregivers' experiences of transitioning during end‐of‐life care—A scoping review
Authors: McCarthy Brid , Timmins Fiona , Eustace‐Cook Jessica , Connolly Michael
Published: November 2023

Background

Dying well at home usually requires the help and assistance of an informal caregiver. This role is usually unpaid, wide‐ranging and oftentimes demanding. From diagnosis to death of a loved one, informal caregivers can experience one and frequently numerous transitions, however, little is known about this process. The purpose of this scoping review is to chart, explore and understand caregivers' experiences of transitioning when providing end‐of‐life care. A preliminary search of the literature indicated a paucity of research highlighting a notable absence of caregiver's perspectives and acknowledgements of the support they need to ensure successful transitions during this time. Consequently, this review has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the literature.

Methods

Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework, further enhanced by Levac et al. (2010) and Peters et al. (2020) was used to conduct this scoping review. The Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guided reporting. A systematic search of the databases PUBMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science and a selection of grey literature was undertaken from the year 1990 to date by two researchers. Titles and abstracts of the literature identified were screened and finally, a narrative synthesis of 11 articles was undertaken to answer the following research question: What is known from the literature about informal caregivers' transitions when caring for a dying person in the home?

Conclusions

Current knowledge on this topic is limited; however, from this review, two main themes were identified: ‘Challenges arising during transitioning’ with subthemes of burden of care and fading away. The second theme ‘Coping strategies’ comprised subthemes of meaning‐making, seeking normality and hope. This evidence may support the development of transitional care interventions in the future and improve patient and caregiver outcome measures and experiences to inform a larger research study exploring this phenomenon.

Patient or Public Contribution

N/A as this is a Scoping Review.

What this paper contributes to the wider global community

An understanding of the experiences of transitioning when caring for a loved one dying at home could help mitigate challenges informal caregivers face when providing end‐of‐life care in the home.

While informal caregivers are crucial to support people who want to die at home, the role is often invisible and family carers need support and recognition to reduce the burden of care and challenges they experience as they transition in their role.
Low‐value home‐based nursing care: A national survey study
Authors: Wendt Benjamin , Cremers Milou , Ista Erwin , van Dijk Monique , Schoonhoven Lisette , Nieuwboer Minke S. , Vermeulen Hester , Van Dulmen Simone A. , Huisman‐de Waal Getty
Published: November 2023

Aims

To explore potential areas of low‐value home‐based nursing care practices, their prevalence and related influencing factors of nurses and nursing assistants working in home‐based nursing care.

Design

A quantitative, cross‐sectional design.

Methods

An online survey with questions containing scaled frequencies on five‐point Likert scales and open questions on possible related influencing factors of low‐value nursing care. The data collection took place from February to April 2022. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to summarize and analyse the results.

Results

A nationwide sample of 776 certified nursing assistants, registered nurses and nurse practitioners responded to the survey. The top five most delivered low‐value care practices reported were: (1) ‘washing the client with water and soap by default’, (2) ‘application of zinc cream, powders or pastes when treating intertrigo’, (3) ‘washing the client from head to toe daily’, (4) ‘re‐use of a urinary catheter bag after removal/disconnection’ and (5) ‘bladder irrigation to prevent clogging of urinary tract catheter’. The top five related influencing factors reported were: (1) ‘a (general) practitioner advices/prescribes it’, (2) ‘written in the client's care plan’, (3) ‘client asks for it’, (4) ‘wanting to offer the client something’ and (5) ‘it is always done like this in the team’. Higher educational levels and an age above 40 years were associated with a lower provision of low‐value care.

Conclusion

According to registered nurses and certified nursing assistants, a number of low‐value nursing practices occurred frequently in home‐based nursing care and they experienced multiple factors that influence the provision of low‐value care such as (lack of) clinical autonomy and handling clients' requests, preferences and demands. The results can be used to serve as a starting point for a multifaceted de‐implementation strategy.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nursing care is increasingly shifting towards the home environment.

Not all nursing care that is provided is effective or efficient and this type of care can therefore be considered of low‐value.

Reducing low‐value care and increasing appropriate care will free up time, improve quality of care, work satisfaction, patient safety and contribute to a more sustainable healthcare system.
Towards developing an intervention to support periodic health checks for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Striving for health equity
Authors: McNeil Karen , Achenbach Jillian , Lawson Beverley , Delahunty‐Pike Alannah , Barber Brittany , Diepstra Heidi
Published: November 2023

Background

Although the Canadian Consensus Guidelines for Primary Care of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities recommends conducting periodic health checks in primary care, uptake is lacking. This study seeks to understand factors influencing the conduct of periodic health checks and identify what needs to change to increase them.

Method

Qualitative data from five stakeholder groups (adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, primary care providers, administrative staff, family, disability support workers) was guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and ‘what needs to change’ to support periodic health checks.

Results

Stakeholders (n = 41) voiced multiple barriers. A total of 31 common and 2 unique themes were identified plus 33 items ‘needing to change’.

Conclusion

Despite barriers, stakeholders saw merit in periodic health checks as a preventative and equitable healthcare offering for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Results will inform future intervention development steps.
DNMT3a‐mediated methylation of PPARγ promote intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wei Hang‐Zhi , Chen Hai‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Mao Peng , Zhang Hai‐Hong
Published: November 2023

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic low back pain and imposes an immense financial strain on patients. The pathological mechanisms underlying IVDD have not been fully elucidated. The development of IVDD is closely associated with abnormal epigenetic changes, suggesting that IVDD progression may be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the role of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a)‐mediated methylation and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition, in IVDD development. The expression of DNMT3a and PPARγ in early and late IVDD of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses. Cellularly, DNMT3a inhibition significantly inhibited IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in rat NP cells. Pretreatment with T0070907, a specific inhibitor of PPARγ, significantly reversed the anti‐apoptotic and ECM degradation effects of DNMT3a inhibition. Mechanistically, DNMT3a modified PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to activate the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. DNMT3a inhibition alleviated IVDD progression. Conclusively, the results of this study show that DNMT3a activates the NF‐κB pathway by modifying PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to promote apoptosis and ECM degradation. Therefore, we believe that the ability of DNMT3a to mediate the PPARγ/NF‐κB axis may provide new ideas for the potential pathogenesis of IVDD and may become an attractive target for the treatment of IVDD.
Life cycles and challenges for fish species that breed in South African estuaries
Authors: Whitfield Alan K.
Published: November 2023

The literature currently recognizes four guilds of estuarine resident fish species, namely solely estuarine, estuarine and marine, estuarine and freshwater, and estuarine migrant. In this review the life cycles of actual representatives from these four guilds are assessed to determine whether the current definitions, which have never been formally tested, are appropriate to fish species resident in South African estuaries. Detailed information and diagrammatic life cycles are provided for the selected species covered by this review. A potential new estuarine resident guild category is also identified, namely, those taxa that are primarily estuarine but also have subpopulations recorded in both adjacent marine and freshwater habitats. The full range of reproductive characteristics employed by estuary resident species is examined, ranging from live bearers, pouch and nest brooders, to a suite of oviparous taxa that attach their ova to estuarine rocks, shells, and submerged vegetation, all of which assists with larval retention within the estuarine environment. The small size and early reproductive maturity of most estuarine resident species is highlighted, with reduced vulnerability to predation in shallow, sheltered, often turbid estuary waters offering considerable protection during spawning events when compared to the open ocean. In addition, these small fish would not have to move considerable distances at any stage of their life cycle, since egg, larval, juvenile, and adult stages all occur in the same place. The existence of contingent subpopulations within many estuarine resident species is noted, physico‐chemical stresses on these species are highlighted, and the eurytopic nature of these small fish taxa emphasized.
Environmental correlates of adaptive diversification in postglacial freshwater fishes
Authors: Tiddy Isabelle C. , Schneider Kevin , Elmer Kathryn R.
Published: November 2023

Determining how environmental conditions contribute to divergence among populations and drive speciation is fundamental to resolving mechanisms and understanding outcomes in evolutionary biology. Postglacial freshwater fish species in the Northern Hemisphere are ideal biological systems to explore the effects of environment on diversification in morphology, ecology, and genetics (ecomorph divergences) within lakes. To date, various environmental factors have been implicated in the presence of multiple ecomorphs within particular lakes or regions. However, concerted evidence for generalizable patterns in environmental variables associated with speciation across geographical regions and across species and genera has been lacking. Here, we aimed to identify key biotic and abiotic factors associated with ecological divergence of postglacial freshwater fish species into multiple sympatric ecomorphs, focusing on species in the well‐studied, widespread, and co‐distributed genera Gasterosteus, Salvelinus, and Coregonus (stickleback, charr, and whitefish, respectively). We found that the presence of multiple sympatric ecomorphs tended to be associated with increasing lake surface area, maximum depth, and nutrient availability. In addition, predation, competition, and prey availability were suggested to play a role in divergence into multiple ecomorphs, but the effects of biotic factors require further study. Although we identified several environmental factors correlated with the presence of multiple ecomorphs, there were substantial data gaps across species and regions. An improved understanding of these systems may provide insight into both generalizable environmental factors involved in speciation in other systems, and potential ecological and evolutionary responses of species complexes when these variables are altered by environmental change.
Risk Aversion and Double Marginalization*
Authors: Ghili Soheil , Schmitt Matt
Published: November 2023

In vertical markets, eliminating double marginalization with a two‐part tariff may not be possible due to risk aversion. Under uncertain demand, contracts with large fixed fees expose the downstream firm to more risk than contracts that are more reliant on variable fees. In equilibrium, contracts may thus rely on variable fees, giving rise to double marginalization. Counterintuitively, however, we show that increased demand risk or risk aversion can actually mitigate double marginalization. We also characterize several sufficient conditions under which increased risk or risk aversion is guaranteed to exacerbate double marginalization. We conclude by discussing potential applications and extensions.
Import License, Misallocation, and Aggregate Total Factor Productivity in the Chinese Steel Industry*
Authors: Su Li , Zhang Su
Published: November 2023

This paper examines how import license restriction‐induced resource misallocation affects industry aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). We apply a recently proposed consistent estimator to micro‐level data from the Chinese steel industry, considering material price heterogeneity. We back out the potential extent of misallocation, finding the importers' TFP is not significantly higher than that of the nonimporters, and resource misallocation caused by the iron‐ore import license lowers aggregate productivity. Our analysis indicates that removing the trade barrier counterfactually would increase the industrial TFP by 76.8%, on average.
The effect of temporomandibular joint dysfunction on the craniocervical mandibular system: A retrospective study
Authors: Öztürk Kübra , Danışman Hikmetnur , Akkoca Fatma
Published: November 2023

Background

Temporomandibular disorders are the most common condition affecting the orofacial region, resulting in pain and dysfunction.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible‐atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders.

Methods

Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr).

Results

The results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p < .001). Similarly, Atlas‐axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p = .546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p < .001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible‐atlas rotations (p < .001).

Conclusion

Overall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio‐cervico‐mandibular system and TMD. Skull‐atlas and atlas‐axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull‐atlas‐axis region for the treatment of TMD.
Serum asprosin levels are increased in patients with periodontitis and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and correlated with periodontal parameters: A case–control study
Authors: Gül Sema Nur Sevinç , Birdal Oğuzhan , Laloğlu Esra
Published: November 2023

Objective

The study aims to investigate whether patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)‐related periodontitis will experience any changes in asprosin levels.

Background

Periodontitis is a common, chronic infection of the periodontium that is epidemiologically associated with cardiovascular disease. Although asprosin, a hormone released from adipose tissue, is a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, its effectiveness in periodontitis is unknown.

Methods

The study was conducted on a total of 120 patients, divided into four groups; the group of healthy control (n = 35), the group of periodontitis (n = 35), the group of periodontitis+STEMI (n = 25), and the group of STEMI (n = 25). In each patient, age, serum asprosin, CRP, troponin‐I, and clinical periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] were evaluated. The results were analyzed statistically.

Results

Serum asprosin, CRP, and troponin‐I levels were statistically higher in the STEMI+periodontitis group compared to the other groups. In addition, as a result of the study, it was observed that there was a correlation between serum asprosin levels, clinical periodontal parameters, and CRP levels.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that STEMI and periodontitis are associated with high asprosin levels. Since the risk of periodontitis is high in STEMI patients, periodontitis should also be considered when evaluating asprosin levels in STEMI patients.
Evaluation of a School‐Based Attention Training Program for Improving Sustained Attention
Authors: Slattery Eadaoin J. , Ryan Patrick , Fortune Donal G. , McAvinue Laura P.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the impact of a theory‐driven cognitive attention training program, Keeping Score!, in improving students' sustained attention capacity. Training was based on sustained updating. Students engaged this process by mentally keeping score during an interactive game of table tennis without external aids. Students (9–11 years) were assigned to a 6‐week training program (n = 18) or an active control (n = 18). Assessments of sustained attention/working memory and parent ratings of executive function were completed at pretraining, post‐training, and 6‐week follow‐up. We found no evidence to support the efficacy of training (i.e., there was no statistically significant time × group interaction effects for any outcome). Overall, these findings add to the mixed body of literature supporting the efficacy of cognitive attention training for improving children's attentional capacity. One possibility for why the training program was unsuccessful is perhaps that cognitive attention training may not be sufficient for enhancing sustained attention.
Familial oral lichen planus: A new risk group for oral cancer?
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Awadieh Zinat , Feldman Svetlana , Keshet Naama , Zlotogorski Abraham , Ramot Yuval
Published: November 2023

Objective

The familial type of oral lichen planus (OLP) is rare, with a paucity of data regarding its clinical significance. Our objective was to characterize patients with familial OLP.

Methods

Families with at least two members diagnosed with OLP were included. Clinical and demographic data and medical history were recorded.

Results

Twenty families, 19 Jewish and 1 Arab, were identified. Of the Jewish families, 57.8% were non‐Ashkenazi, originating mainly from central Asia. Of those with OLP there were 14 males and 23 females with an average age of 49.1. Dyslipidemia, cardiovascular, and thyroid disorders (27.7%, 22.2%, and 16.6%, respectively) were the most common comorbidities. Five patients from five distinct families had oral cancer, two with second primary.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study describing familial OLP. The predominant and common ethnicity of the families with multiple members diagnosed with OLP may imply an ethnic tendency. The higher tendency of hypothyroidism and the high percentage of OSCC among familial OLP patients might be connected to familial OLP and the latter suggests that this population is predisposed to malignant transformation. Thus, this group should be considered as a high‐risk group.
Association between periodontal health and trait anxiety in Egyptian women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharaf Mariam , Badran Amira , Abou El Fadl Reham Khaled
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study explored the relationship between periodontal problems and trait anxiety in a sample of Egyptian women.

Materials and Methods

The Egyptian validated Arabic version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Trait subscale was used to measure levels of trait anxiety, and the periodontal health status of 451 Egyptian women was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Data were also collected on potential covariates such as age, educational level, marital status, parity, smoking, and oral healthcare‐seeking behavior. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between periodontal diseases and trait anxiety.

Results

Among study participants, and after adjusting for some of the potential confounders, trait anxiety exhibited weak association with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.11; 95% CI= 1.07, 1.14; p <0.001). Also, old age (OR: 1.12; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.17; p < 0.001) as well as parity (OR: 7.26; 95% CI = 2.89, 18.27; p <0.001) were significantly associated with periodontal problems in the adjusted model.

Conclusion

While the study findings may implicate that personality traits, such as trait anxiety, could be linked to periodontal diseases more research is warranted to confirm or reject this association.
Altered HCAR3 expression may underlying the blunted niacin responses of the psychiatric disorders and the risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang Jie , Wang Dandan , Gao Yan , Sun Liya , Li Shuhui , Hu Xiaowen , Li Zhuyun , Zhang Juan , Ji Feng , Tian Yusheng , Guan Lili , Li Zhiqiang , He Lin , Wan Chunling
Published: November 2023

Aim

Blunted niacin response (BNR) was an endophenotype of schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. The objective of this study was to verify whether genes associated with BNR pathway constitute the genetic basis and the pathological mechanism of BNR phenotypic psychiatric patients.

Methods

Two independent sample sets consisting of 971 subjects were enrolled in this study. A total of 62 variants were genotyped in the discovery set, then the related variants were verified in the verification set. The published PGC GWAS data were used to validate the associations between the variants and psychiatry disorders. RT‐PCR analysis, eQTL data, and Dual‐Luciferase Reporter experiment were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of the variants underlying BNR.

Results

The results showed that two SNPs, rs56959712 in HCAR2 and rs2454721 in HCAR3 were significantly associated with niacin response. The risk allele T of rs2454721 could affect the niacin responses of psychiatric patients through elevated HCAR3 gene expression. These two genes, especially HCAR3, were significantly associated with the risk of schizophrenia, as identified in this study and verified using the published GWAS data.

Conclusion

HCAR3 is a novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene which is significantly associated with blunted niacin response in schizophrenia. In‐depth investigation of HCAR3 is of great significance for uncovering the pathogenesis and propose new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders, especially for the BNR subgroup patients.
Multidisciplinary management of children with acute liver failure – Report on 104 children treated in single center
Authors: Kaliciński Piotr , Grenda Ryszard , Szymczak Marek , Pietraszek Elżbieta , Pawłowska Joanna
Published: November 2023

Background

Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is one of the most demanding emergencies in hepatology, intensive care, and for transplant team. This report describes the clinical pattern, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in children with ALF considered at risk of death without liver transplantation, basing on a long‐term experience of the pediatric transplant center.

Materials and Methods

Between 1990 and 2022, 104 children aged 7 days–17 years (median 8 years), with body weight 3.1 to 77 kg (median 32 kg), were qualified for LT due to ALF, and finally 81 (78%) of them were transplanted (9% of all 899 LT performed in children in the same period).

Results

A total of 23 children were not transplanted: 15 (14.4%) died while awaiting transplantation. In 8 (7.7%) patients liver function recovered. Before transplantation 45 (43.3%) children developed circulatory failure, in 66 (63.5%) mechanical ventilation was necessary, 18 patients presented acute kidney injury (17.3%), and encephalopathy higher than stage I was present in 60 (57.7%) patients. In 63 children, various kidney/liver assist procedures were performed: CVVHD (continuous veno‐venous hemodiafiltration in 22 (21.2%) patients, albumin dialysis (MARS; molecular adsorbent recirculating system) in 39 (37.5%) patients, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in 13 (12.5%) patients. Twenty (24.7%) children died after LT including 15 (18.5%) in the early posttransplant period, and 5 (6.1%) in the late follow‐up.

Conclusions

Treatment of children with ALF in the peritransplant period is very difficult and require an experienced, multidisciplinary team. Despite continued advances in the care of children with ALF, patient survival remains lower than for elective indications for liver transplantation, and timely qualification and transplantation still are the most important factors of survival of these children.
Hospital and emergency department discharge against medical advice in Western Australian Aboriginal children aged 0–4 years from 2002 to 2018: A cohort study
Authors: Christensen Daniel , Gibberd Alison , McNamara Bridgette , Eades Sandra , Shepherd Carrington , Preen David B. , McAullay Daniel , Strobel Natalie
Published: November 2023

Background

Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is a priority issue for the health system. Little is known about the factors associated with DAMA for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) children in Australia.

Objectives

Investigate the associations between DAMA for hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) presentations and: (i) child, family and episode of service characteristics and (ii) 30‐day readmission/ re‐presentation.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of Aboriginal children born in Western Australia (2002–2013) who had ≥1 hospital admissions (n = 16,931) or ED presentations (n = 26,546) within the first 5 years of life. The outcome of interest was hospital and ED DAMA and adjusted odds ratio were derived using multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression.

Results

In the Hospital Cohort, there were 43,149 hospitalisations for 16,931 children, with 684 hospitalisations (1.6%) recorded as DAMA. In the ED Cohort, there were 232,082 ED presentations in 26,546 children, with 10,918 ED presentations (4.7%) recorded as DAMA. DAMA occurring in hospitals between 2014 and 2018, the adjusted odds decreased by 75% compared to the period between 2002 and 2005. The adjusted odds of ED DAMA increased by 46% over the same period. Hospital admissions in regional and remote hospitals were almost seven times the adjusted odds of DAMA compared with hospital admissions in Perth metropolitan hospitals. The adjusted odds of ED DAMA decreased by 12% for ED presentations in regional and remote hospitals compared to those in Perth metropolitan hospitals. There was no evidence of hospital DAMA being associated with hospital readmission within 30 days and limited evidence of ED DAMA being associated with re‐presenting to an ED within 30 days.

Conclusions

The study identified several important determinants of DAMA, including admission status, triage status, location and calendar year. These findings could inform targeted measures to decrease DAMA, particularly in regional and remote communities.
Agrivoltaics mitigate drought effects in winter wheat
Authors: Pataczek Lisa , Weselek Axel , Bauerle Andrea , Högy Petra , Lewandowski Iris , Zikeli Sabine , Schweiger Andreas
Published: November 2023

Climate change is expected to decrease water availability in many agricultural production areas around the globe. At the same time renewable energy concepts such as agrivoltaics (AV) are necessary to manage the energy transition. Several studies showed that evapotranspiration can be reduced in AV systems, resulting in increased water availability for crops. However, effects on crop performance and productivity remain unclear to date. Carbon‐13 isotopic composition (δ13C and discrimination against carbon‐13) can be used as a proxy for the effects of water availability on plant performance, integrating crop responses over the entire growing season. The aim of this study was to assess these effects via carbon isotopic composition in grains, as well as grain yield of winter wheat in an AV system in southwest Germany. Crops were cultivated over four seasons from 2016–2020 in the AV system and on an unshaded adjacent reference (REF) site. Across all seasons, average grain yield did not significantly differ between AV and REF (4.7 vs 5.2 t ha−1), with higher interannual yield stability in the AV system. However, δ13C as well as carbon‐13 isotope discrimination differed significantly across the seasons by 1‰ (AV: −29.0‰ vs REF: −28.0‰ and AV: 21.6‰ vs REF: 20.6‰) between the AV system and the REF site. These drought mitigation effects as indicated by the results of this study will become crucial for the resilience of agricultural production in the near future when drought events will become significantly more frequent and severe.