bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAHLILU QUDRATU AT-THULLABI ‘ALA FAHMI TASHRIFI AL-AF’ALI FI TA’LIMI ALLUGHATI AL’ARABIYATI BI MAN PERULAK
Authors: Hatta Sabri Ema Yunita
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam memahami tasrif fi`il-fi`il dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab di MAN Peureulak serta mengetahui kendala-kendala apa saja yang dihadapi siswa dalam memahami tasrif fi`il-fi`il dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab di MAN Peureulak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di sekolah MAN Peureulak peneliti menggunakan alat untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu: observasi,  wawancara, dan tes. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan siswa dalam mentasrif fiil masih rendah mereka kebingungan dalam mentasrif fi’il dalam bahasa Arab hal ini  disebabkan guru-guru di sekolah tersebut tidak  menggunakan media dan metode yang sesuai dan berfariasi dalam proses pembelajaran tasrif, dan ini dibuktikan dari hasil observasi yang peneliti lakukan dilapangan.

Kata kunci : Tasrif Fi`il-Fi`il ,Pembelajaran bahasa arab
Tathbiqu al Madkhali Ith-thishali li Tarqiati Qurdati Ath-Thulaabi ‘ala Tahaddutsi Lughatil Arrabiyyati bi ma’hadi Taajussalam Langkat
Authors: Azyumardi M. Arif , M.Fadli  , Fuji Astuti
Published: January 2024

Metode pembelajaran ialah bentuk tahap pembelajaran yang terbentuk dari awal sampai akhir pembelajaran yang disajikan oleh guru secara teratur dalampembelajaran sehinggatercapai sebuah tujuan pembelajaran. Komunikatif merupakan metode yang berlandaskan pada pemikiran bahwa kemampuan menggunakan bahasa dalam berkomunikasi merupakan tujuan yang harus dicapai dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Sedangkan kemampuan berbicara atas kata-kata untuk ialah kemampuan mengucapkan bunyi-bunyi artikulasi mengekspresikan, menyatakan, serta,menyampaikan pikiran, gagasan dan perasaan. Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik memcoba melakukan penelitian tentang metode komunikatif dan penerapannya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara di Pondok Pesantren Taajussalam, adapun tujuan masalah penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbicara bahasa arab siswa setelah penerapan metode komunikatif di Pondok Pesantren Taajussalam. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengunankan metode experiment dengan pendekatan komunikatif, dan yang menjadi populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII Pondok Pesantren Taajussalam berjumlah 23 orang. Teknik pengambilan sample pada penelitian ini ialah dengan teknik Sampel Jenuh yaitu mengunakan seluruh populasi untuk menjadi sample dikarenakan jumlah populasi kurang dari 30 orang, serta instrument pada penelitian ini dengan obervasi dan tes. Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan hasil penelitian bahwa kemampuan berbicara siswa meningkat setelah penerapkan pendekatan komunikatif, dan bukti dari hasil pengujian SPSS 23 Perhitungan 0,136 lebih besar dari 0,05 dengan penilaian jika nilainya lebih dari 0,05 diterima, dan jika nilainya kurang dari 0,05 adalah ditolak. Kemudian bukti dari hasil kemampuan berbicara siswa menggunakan pre-test 61,32 dan post-test 78,70
Ta’lim Maharah Al-Kalam Fi Al-Ma’had Al-Salafi Bayna Al-Musykilah Wa Al-Hulul
Authors: - Ach. Fadoli
Published: January 2024

Islamic boarding schools are educational foundations that prioritize the study of classical books in their learning, learning Arabic at Islamic boarding schools prioritizes the goal of understanding Arabic grammar in order to create students who are able to read classic books well, learning there does not pay too much attention to aspects other language skills such as speaking skills.  This article aims to describe learning Arabic speaking skills at Islamic boarding schools, the problems encountered and the solutions provided, this research is a qualitative research with a case study type.  The results of this study indicate that the learning of Arabic speaking skills in Islamic boarding schools is classified as stagnant, while most of the problems encountered are the lack of clarity in the applied curriculum which includes learning methods, learning media, and the material being taught.  The solution offered is to provide innovation in the methods used, such as implementing language games in learning.
Musykilātu Tarjamati Al-Nushus Al-‘Arabiyati wa Mu’ālajatuha
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad , Hamdan  , Musa
Published: January 2024

This study discusses the problems faced by Islamic Boarding School students of Al-Azhar Pegasing Takengon in Arabic script translation skills. The problem is how to transfer speech from the source language to the target language without changing the original meaning and therefore it can be understood by the readers of the target language properly and correctly. Consequently, there is a need for a communicative translation theory, namely a theory that departs from understanding the writing and language aspects of the target language reader. The research method employed in this article is a descriptive approach, while the method of collecting data and research information uses two methods, including library research methods and field research methods. The problems faced by students in learning translation are: (1) weak vocabulary understanding, (2) weakness in understanding morphology and syntax rules, (3) weakness in understanding the use of verb changes, (4) lack of repetition of Arabic text material independently , (5) Difficulty in constructing Indonesian sentences, (6) poor ability to distinguish between idhafah and conjunctions. Several solutions are offered which include students developing motivation to learn translation because translation is one of the important lessons in our religion (understanding Islamic and Sharia law), and they must enrich themselves with a wealth of language rules so that they can easily translate texts. Arabic text and they should learn the translation well.
KHUTHUWATU TA'LIMIL MUHADATSATI FIE TARQIYATI QUDRATI AT-THALABATI 'ALA AT-TAKALLUMI BI MADRASATI AL-'ALIYATI 'ULUMUL QURAN LANGSA
Authors: Sabri Hatta , Asrul
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the application of muhadasah learning techniques to students at Madrasah Aliyah Ulumul Qur'an, Langsa City, who have various competencies, because some of these students are advanced students from public schools, and from other Islamic boarding schools. This heterogeneity resulted in teachers being more extra in choosing methods and techniques that were more accurate in muhadasah learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data were collected by observation and interview methods, from research data sources, namely teachers, students and the learning process. The findings from the research results are that the combination of high achieving students and students with medium and low competence can contribute to increasing their competence in muhadasah.
Tahlil Akhta' As Shautiyah fi Ta'diyatil al Mafsil lada Thullab al Jamiah Ali bin Abi Thalib al Islamiyyah Bisurabaya
Authors: Fakhlipi Muhammad Rafeli , Al-Bathoty Farid , Nasaruddin Idris Jauhar
Published: January 2024

The causes of difficulties in Arabic are ignorance of the rules or customs of the language, the influence of the mother tongue, and inaccurate language teaching. This study aims to identify vocal errors in the use of pauses in Arabic by semester I students majoring in Arabic language education at Islamic University Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya. The method used is a qualitative one, namely descriptive analysis, which explains the data and summarizes it in words. Data collection techniques were carried out using free listening and speaking techniques, writing techniques, and recording techniques using a voice recorder. The results of this study indicate that there are three mistakes that are often made by students when using pauses in Arabic, namely that first, students read texts with pauses but do not read in a high tone before pauses (52.4%). Second, students read the text with pauses but not at the proper pauses (33.3%). Third, there was no pause at all in students' pronunciation while reading the text (14.3%). The results of this study provide an overview of phonological errors in the use of pauses in Arabic so that they can be used as a reference for evaluation in learning Arabic.
Ta’tsir Thariqah Al-Sual wa Al-Jawab li Tarqiyah Fahmu Thulab li Mufradat Al-Arabiyah
Authors: Khairul Adam  , Mulyani Maiza
Published: January 2024

The researchers found problems in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi , The difficulty of students in teaching the Arabic language in understanding vocabulary is very low, This makes it difficult for students to understand each material presented. The objectives of this research are to know the effect of the question and answer method to improve students’ vocabulary understanding, to improve students’ vocabulary understanding so that students can easily understand the meaning of each vocabulary. This study used quantitative research with a group pretest-posttest design. Researchers took samples in this research experimental class of 28 students and control class of 28 students.The tools used for collecting data were observation, examination, and documentation. and student learning outcomes using the question-and-answer method through media images of 5th grade elementary school students. Based on the acquisition of an average value of 56, This is also proven through the calculation of "T." Calculate more than the "T" Table, namely 2,463.Then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded about the effectiveness of the use of the question and answer method through picture media for students in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi.
Performance Analysis of Employees at the Regional Secretariat of Tomohon City
Authors: Bukara Junike , Sumual Tinneke Evie Meggy , Tarore Steven Vleike
Published: January 2024

This study undertakes a comprehensive exploration of employee performance within the regional secretariat of Tomohon city. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research involves five informants, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection. The analysis follows a structured process of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion verification. The findings reveal suboptimal performance in carrying out main duties and functions by employees, as evidenced in the analysis of effectiveness and efficiency in staffing, knowledge, skills, and discipline within the general section of the Tomohon city regional secretariat. Notably, while some tasks are executed effectively and efficiently, others display shortcomings, impacting overall performance. The study also identifies knowledge gaps among employees, affecting the secretariat’s functional execution. Coordination issues and non-compliance with government regulations are evident in skills-related sub-focus areas. Additionally, a deficiency in employee initiative is observed, as some employees hesitate to discuss work-related problems or demonstrate proactive engagement. This study sheds light on critical areas requiring attention for enhancing employee performance in the regional secretariat of Tomohon city.
Policies of Regional State Officials in Managing Non-Natural Disasters Covid 19 Based on Indonesian Regulations Relating to Criminal Acts of Corruption
Authors: Lihawa Lesly Deibi , Mawuntu Ronald , Senewe Emma , Pinasang Ralfie
Published: January 2024

The Indonesian government has the goal of protecting the entire Indonesian nation during the Covid-19. Regional governments, especially state officials in the regions, make policies to save people in the regions by using existing budgets within the regional government. In Law Number 2 of 2020, the policy is that the regional government allocates funds for dealing with Covid-19. The regional government’s policy, which is essentially to save society in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, is not in line with society’s expectations. The public considers that the policies issued by the Regional Government are not on target, so many people think that these policies are projects from the government that take advantage of the non-natural disaster COVID-19. State officials in the regions sometimes interpret discretion in government affairs, especially in handling. The non-natural disaster COVID-19 has implications for abuse of authority and arbitrariness, as well as exceeding authority in carrying out government duties. Problems that occur in the regions relate to policy aspects used by state officials in the regions in handling the non-natural disaster Covid-19 which gives rise to criminal acts of corruption.
Family Welfare Of Micro, Small And Medium Entrepreneurs (A Literature Study Review Of Economics)
Authors: Yuliastuti Ida Ayu Nyoman
Published: January 2024

Family welfare is the main priority in the nation's social welfare because the family is the smallest unit in society. The family has an important role in achieving national development goals, so family development is needed to create a prosperous family. The aim of the research is to provide empirical evidence of the influence of human capital, product innovation and online marketing on the welfare of micro, small and medium enterprise entrepreneurs. The research results show that human capital plays an important role in maintaining a business in the face of changing market situations. Product innovation carried out in an effort to increase the availability of various products can improve welfare. The use of digital marketing is becoming increasingly important for Micro, Small, dan Medium.
Improving the Competence of SMEs Customers through Mentoring: Holding BRI and PT Permadani Nasional Mandiri
Authors: Suwandi Yudi Wahyudin
Published: January 2024

This study investigates competency-based MSME mentoring following the holding between Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) and PT Permadani Nasional Mandiri (PNM). This study aims to evaluate the impact of competency-based mentoring on micro entrepreneurs and the growth of the MSME sector, as well as identify factors that influence the implementation of such mentoring. The research method involves secondary data analysis, interviews with expert judgment, and literature review to understand the concept of competency-based mentoring. The results show that competency-based mentoring conducted by PT PNM after holding with BRI has a positive impact on micro entrepreneurs and the growth of the MSME sector. The MSME customers who received this mentoring experienced improved performance in various aspects of their business, including financial performance, management, marketing, and competitiveness. Based on these findings, the study recommends a more targeted strategy in competency-based mentoring, including personalization of mentoring, development of a targeted competency development plan, training and skills upgrading, mentoring, and periodic evaluation.
A Study of Marketing Strategies of Electric Vehicles (EV)
Authors: Mazlan Nurul Nurfazlieqal Binti , Armi Nurul Izzati Ain Binti , Ahmad Jais Nurul Shafiqah Aida Binti , Mohamad Gani Nurul Nadhirah Binti , Jain Vanshika , Poonia Vandana , Rayhan Rayhan
Published: January 2024

The Electrical Vehicles (EV) industry is evolving in several ways. The technology behind EVs is improving, and so are the supporting facilities. At the same time, consumers have become more aware of electric vehicles as a viable option for their next vehicle purchase. In addition to these trends, fuel prices are ever-increasing while prices of EVs continue to fall. This means that more people can afford to drive an EV. The objective of this study is to know the marketing strategies of how electric vehicles can be used worldwide. This study applied descriptive quantitative method through survey which involved 100 Malaysian, Indonesian and Indian respondents. From the study, it can be found that satisfaction with electric vehicle’s efficiency, satisfaction with environmental friendliness, and public perception towards electric vehicle usage were variables that influence consumers’ behavior towards electric vehicles. Furthermore, satisfaction with being environmentally friendly has a strongest impact on consumer behavior above two other variables. It comes to conclusion that promoting electric vehicles as friendly environmental transportation to consumers can be the focus of marketing strategy in EV market.
Potential Prospects for Population and Infrastructure in 2045 on Supporting Development in Nduga Regency
Authors: Bisai Charley M. , Titalessy Pisi Bethania , Purwadi Marsi Adi , Hafizrianda Yundy
Published: January 2024

Adequate population and infrastructure are required for the growth of the economy. It is crucial for a country to have decent facilities since it is critical to home life as well as economic operations. The increase in population is a proportional enhancement of facilities and infrastructure. Nduga Regency is one of the districts in the Papua Pegunungan Province. It is an expansion area of Jayawijaya Regency in 2008 which has the potential for abundant population and natural resources. However, there is still a lack of research in this district. Therefore, this study aims to determine potential prospects for population and the availability of residential infrastructure in Nduga Regency to support development in 2045. The method used is population projection analysis and the projection of facilities and infrastructure of education, health, economy, and road. The expected output is the availability of residential facilities and infrastructure in Nduga Regency. In 2045, the population in Nduga Regency has the potential to increase to 172,876 people and with such a population. Hence, it is necessary to provide school buildings, health facilities, as well as additional economic facilities and road.
The Clinical Instructors' Caring Behavior as Perceived by Nursing Students of Selected Medical Schools in China
Authors: WU, JINLI  , YANG, QUNYING  , YAN, LINA  , CHENG, FAN
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate nursing students’ perceptions of the clinical instructors’ caring behavior. The researchers tried to examine the role of socio-demographic profile in terms of age, gender, and year level in relation to the respondents’ caring behavior perceptions. This descriptive correlational study used a thirty (30) item questionnaire as the main gathering tool. The said questionnaire was distributed to 72 nursing students who were enrolled at selected medical schools in China for the 2022-2023 academic year. Data results were statistically analysed and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools, including the Percentage-Frequency Distribution Method, the Weighted Mean Formula and the Chi-Square Test. The results showed that the majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 20-25 years (46, 63.9%), most were females (58, 80.6%), and there were more third year (junior) nursing students (29, 40.3%). This suggested that the majority of the nursing students studying at the selected medical schools were females, aged between 20-25 years and there were more junior students compared to sophomores and seniors. Results of the questionnaire revealed that with the average mean score of 2.72 in level 2 (sophomores), 2.96 in level 3 (juniors) and 3.15 in level 4 (seniors), the respondents had rated slightly agree on all the observed indicators of clinical instructors’ caring behavior perceptions. Thus, this depicted that the respondents had positive perceptions of their clinical instructors’ caring behavior. The results of the correlation between the independent and dependent variables pointed out that aside from their year level, which has a p-value of <0.010, no other independent variables were significantly associated with the respondents' perceptions of the caring behavior of their clinical instructors since the p values of their age (0.081) and gender (0.689) did exceed the 0.05 level of significance. Thus, this revealed that only the year level of the students is significantly associated with caring behavior perceptions demonstrated by the clinical instructors, which has a p-value of <0.010. To all clinical instructors, this study suggests that further training of nursing students regarding the significance of caring is needed for them to be able to learn about the essence of caring in nursing and to be well-molded individuals who will give quality nursing care to individuals, families and communities. Thus, the care demonstrated by the clinical instructors will serve as a guide to nursing students in giving quality nursing care to their clients in various settings. One limitation of the present study is that only a few respondents were surveyed, and information regarding the impact of clinical instructors’ caring behavior towards nursing students was limited; hence, for future studies, greater sample size is recommended, and other confounding factors should also be investigated.
A Gender-Based Quantitative Content Analysis of an ESP Nursing Textbook
Authors: Bataineh Adnan , Al Badi Halima , Douzandeh Ebrahim , Sabiri Kashif Ali
Published: January 2024

This study aims to perform a quantitative analysis of the portrayal of gender in the nursing textbook used at the University of Buraimi in Oman. The study sought to examine gender-related categories, such as images, names, pronouns, words of address, and jobs, through the use of quantitative content analysis.  The study findings suggest that, to some extent the nursing textbook exhibits a state of gender equilibrium and parity. The textbook displayed females as more visible than males in images and job categories. In contrast, males were more prominent in domains related to names, pronouns, and forms of address. In general, the school textbook exhibited a fair and impartial representation of both genders to a certain degree. The findings of this current research article are anticipated to assist authors in developing instructional materials that demonstrate a more balanced portrayal of genders within the curriculum.
The Relationship between Age, Gender, Prestige, Social Media, Area of Origin, Level of English Proficiency and the Use of White Language in Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Norah Hamad Mubarak
Published: January 2024

The present study is conducted in order to explore the use of white language, which is defined as an Arabic language which contains the use of English words while using Arabic and that lacks any particular regional accent, vocabulary, or any other regional characteristics. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between the white language and the following: age, gender, prestige, social media, area of origin and English level of proficiency. The study used a quantitative research approach. In order to provide the data needed, the current study used a questionnaire as its instrument. The study sample included 627 citizens of Riyadh city. The findings of the study revealed that the sample was neutral to the use of white language. That is, sometimes they use it, and they do not use it. Furthermore, the analysis of the data showed that there was a relationship between social media, prestige and white language; participants who used social media more and who perceived white language as a prestigious language tended to use it more. In addition, it was revealed that there was a relationship between age and white language; as age increases, white language usage decreases. From the analysis, it was found that there were no differences between different areas of origin in the use of white language; however, there were differences in the use of non-regional vocabulary between central and southern areas of origin. Moreover, the findings uncovered the relationship between white language and the level of English proficiency; participants with a high command of English tend to use white language more. However, the results showed that the level of English proficiency has no relationship with the use of non-regional vocabulary. Finally, the findings further indicated that there were no differences between males and females in the use of white language. However, the findings suggested that there were differences between males and females in their use of code-switching.
Rayleigh-Quotient Representation of the Real Parts, Imaginary Parts, and Moduli of the Eigenvalues of General Matrices
Authors: KOHAUPT Ludwig
Published: January 2024

In the present paper, formulas for the Rayleigh-quotient representation of the real parts, imaginary
parts, and moduli of the eigenvalues of general matrices are obtained that resemble corresponding
formulas for the eigenvalues of self-adjoint matrices. These formulas are of interest in Linear Algebra
and in the theory of linear dynamical systems. The key point is that a weighted scalar product is
used that is defined by means of a special positive definite matrix. As applications, one obtains
convexity properties of newly-defined numerical ranges of a matrix. A numerical example underpins
the theoretical findings.
Investigación y producción científica en docentes de enfermería en una universidad del Ecuador
Authors: Herrera Molina Angélica Salomé , Mera Herrera Viviana del Rocío , Lalón Ramos Luz María , Flor Mora Omar Patricio
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La producción científica es fundamental en el desarrollo y avance de enfermería, ya que permite generar conocimiento nuevo, evaluar prácticas existentes, construir la evidencia de enfermería para sustentar los procesos y acciones propias de esta área con mayor certidumbre y con el respaldo de la demostración científica, que permite mejorar la calidad de la intervención de enfermería. Objetivo: Determinar la producción científica de los docentes de enfermería en una universidad del Ecuador para potencializar sus conocimientos y brindar soluciones a posibles problemas en la disciplina. Metodología:  investigación científica y tecnológica, se presenta resultados propios y originales de un trabajo científico inédito.  Resultados:  La producción científica de las docentes de enfermería se deriva de varios proyectos de investigación, enmarcados en las líneas de investigación institucionales, dando como resultados publicaciones a nivel regional y mundial, así como la elaboración de libros; destacándose que en el año 2022 hay un incremento en la producción científica con 46 publicaciones, que han sido divulgados a la comunidad científica. Conclusión La producción científica en docentes de enfermería es esencial para el desarrollo y avance de la disciplina, así como para el desarrollo profesional y reputación académica de los docentes y las instituciones educativas. Área de estudio general: enfermería. Área de estudio específica: docencia e investigación. Tipo de estudio: revisión bibliográfica.
Beneficios de los ejercicios aeróbicos como terapia física en el adulto con hipertensión arterial crónica
Authors: Rodríguez Espinosa Jorge Ricardo , Vinueza Orozco Ernesto Fabián , Álvarez Carrión Sonia Alexandra , Cazorla Villagrán Pedro Javier
Published: January 2024

Introducción- La presión arterial alta o también llamada hipertensión arterial influye en las enfermedades cardiovasculares, de acuerdo con la Organización mundial de la Salud en América, 1,6 millones de personas mueren cada año por enfermedades cardiovasculares, de las cuales la mayoría tienen menos de 70 años, lo que se considera una muerte prematura evitable. La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo importante para enfermedades como la hipertensión arterial, por lo que la participación regular en la actividad física es muy beneficiosa. Objetivo- analizar la información sobre los beneficios de los ejercicios aeróbicos como terapia física de adultos con hipertensión arterial crónica. Metodología- mediante la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas para comprobar su eficacia en estos pacientes, se ha utilizado el método inductivo con la recopilación de información acorde a las variables de estudio independiente (ejercicios aeróbicos) y dependiente (adultos con hipertensión), a través del proceso de observación indirecta, análisis e interpretación de la información. Se analizan los diferentes artículos con publicación desde el año 2013 al 2023, se encontraron tanto en idioma inglés como español y en portugués. Toda la información fue recolectada de diferentes estrategias de búsqueda de plataformas digitales como: SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Web Of Science. Los artículos incluidos en esta investigación fueron validados por la escala la PEDro, en una puntuación de 6 a 10 y artículos de los últimos 10 años. Resultados- se recopilaron los criterios de autores con mayor relevancia, se detallaron los contenidos de los artículos con mayor puntuación en la escala de PEDro, mientras que en la búsqueda bibliográfica se tuvo en cuenta su contenido más importante, se muestra el tipo de estudio, principalmente ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, la población, la intervención y los resultados de cada artículo. Conclusiones. - se concluye que los ejercicios aeróbicos en el tratamiento fisioterapéutico de adultos hipertensos tienen un impacto significativo no solo en la disminución de la presión arterial sino también en otros factores que influyen en reducir el estrés, la ansiedad y mejorar el sueño, ayudando así al paciente a llevar una mejor calidad de vida. Área de estudio general: salud y bienestar. Área de estudio específica: terapia física. Tipo de estudio: artículo original.
Estimulación transcraneal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Hernández Amaguaya Johannes Alejandro , Dillon Cacuango María Eugenia , Pérez Paredes Mayra Alejandra , Taco Sangucho Angelica Paulina
Published: January 2024

Introducción. La Enfermedad de Parkinson es neurodegenerativa, ya que afecta principalmente a personas mayores de 50 años, caracterizada por la pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas en la sustancia negra, lo que provoca síntomas motores y cognitivos.  Objetivo. Esta revisión se centró en analizar los efectos de la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson.  Metodología. La metodología del estudio fue de tipo descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo y siguiendo la guía la guía The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Así se incluyeron seis investigaciones con pacientes en diversas etapas de la EP, utilizando protocolos variados de estimulación eléctrica transcraneal. Los pacientes recibieron estimulación eléctrica transcraneal en áreas específicas del cerebro, y en algunos casos, se combinó con ejercicios físicos y cognitivos. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios demostraron mejoras significativas en la velocidad de la marcha, la longitud del paso y la función cognitiva en algunos casos. Estas mejoras fueron más prominentes cuando se aplicó la estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa en combinación con ejercicios físicos y cognitivos. Conclusión. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que la ubicación exacta de los electrodos y la intensidad de la estimulación variaron entre los diferentes estudios, lo que sugiere una cierta heterogeneidad en los enfoques utilizados.
Manejo terapéutico de los trastornos vesiculares en gestantes
Authors: Mora Amoroso Emilia Gisselle , Salas Ochoa Erik Shoel , Yánez Velastegui Ángel Cristóbal , Pastor Romero Sebastián Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Los trastornos vesiculares en el embarazo se consideran en la actualidad una de las patologías abdominales no obstétricas más comunes, siendo un problema de salud pública. La presencia de cálculos biliares es más frecuente en mujeres embarazadas que en las no gestantes, debido a los cambios fisiológicos y hormonales que experimenta la mujer en esta etapa, lo cual predispone a la aparición de patologías vesiculares, afectando el trascurso normal del embarazo. La demora en el manejo de estas enfermedades implica un aumento en la morbilidad de este grupo poblacional. Objetivo: Analizar las pautas y recomendaciones actuales sobre el manejo terapéutico de los trastornos vesiculares en gestantes. Metodología: Investigación bibliográfica con enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo con investigaciones publicadas en los últimos 5 años; fueron revisados 35 documentos con validez científica obtenidos de bases de datos regionales y de alto impacto en inglés y español. Resultados: Existe una controversia en la elección del tratamiento, hay diversas opciones terapéuticas entre ellos el manejo conservador y el abordaje quirúrgico. La colecistectomía laparoscópica es beneficiosa y segura en cualquier trimestre de la gestación con tasas bajas de complicaciones materno-fetales de un 3.5%. Conclusión: La colecistectomía laparoscópica es un método seguro y de elección para aquellas pacientes con sintomatología y/o complicaciones de patología biliar, mientras que el enfoque conservador se reserva para pacientes asintomáticas. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Cirugía General. Tipo de estudio:  Revisión Bibliográfica.
Iniciadores utilizados en la identificación de virus de papiloma humano por PCR: una revisión
Authors: Falconi Ontaneda Felix , Zaporta Ramos José , Ramos Campi Yisela Carolina , Cedeño Cajas Gisnella María
Published: January 2024

Introducción La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) sigue siendo una de las más comunes en la población humana. Este virus cuenta con aproximadamente 200 genotipos diferentes, que se clasifican en términos de su capacidad oncogénica en alto y bajo riesgo. La identificación de estos genotipos se ha realizado mediante la técnica de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), la cual requiere el uso de iniciadores específicos para garantizar resultados precisos. Objetivo. Recopilar secuencias de iniciadores publicados, analizarlos y organizar esta información para proveer una lista compilada que facilite la decisión de optar por la utilización de un par de iniciadores requeridos para la detección y diagnóstico del HPV. Metodología. Se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y con un diseño transversal teórico-documental, puesto que se analizó y sintetizó la literatura actualizada extraída de artículos científicos, relacionados con el tema de investigación, los cuales permitieron profundizar la investigación y cumplir con los objetivos planteados. Se revisaron varios artículos de publicación reciente que refieren los iniciadores utilizados. Resultados. Se muestran 17 iniciadores útiles para las variantes de alto riesgo 17 y 15 para las variantes 18, así como para otras variantes. Se expone de manera organizada diferentes aspectos a destacar en su análisis, así como características a tomar en cuenta para su diseño. Además, se mencionan las herramientas de análisis de secuencias las directrices y parámetros requeridos a considerar para asegurar una buena reacción de PCR. Es muy conveniente tomar en cuenta la clasificación taxonómica y estructura del VPH que permite comprender la utilización de un iniciador para un determinado gen del virus. Al momento de necesitar utilizar un determinado iniciador se sugiere tomar en cuenta los más convenientes según los valores obtenidos por las herramientas bioinformáticas y a los autores quienes probaron y publicaron secuencias de detección por PCR. Conclusión. Se muestran 17 iniciadores útiles para las variantes de alto riesgo 16 y 15 para las variantes 18, además de 8 para otros tipos. Además, se muestran parámetros de cada uno que permite tener criterios para decidir su selección.
First record of the genus Caviceps Malloch (Diptera: Chloropidae: Oscinellinae) from India with description of a new species
Authors: Cherian P.T.
Published: January 2024

Genus Caviceps Malloch is recorded for the first time from India and a new species, C. aristalis is described. Dasyopa orientalis Cherian from India is transferred to genus Caviceps with replacement name Caviceps nartshukae Cherian as Caviceps orientalis is a preoccupied name.
Repellent activity of plant essential oil extracts against malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Jemberie Wondmeneh , Tadie Alebachew , Enyew Abiyu , Debebe Amsalu , Raja Nagappan
Published: January 2024

Repellent activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Otostegia integrifolia and Stephania abyssinica, roots of Echinops kebericho and seeds of Millettia ferruginea and Datura stramonium were tested against malaria vector, Anopheles arabienses. The repellent activity was determined at 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration by human volunteer. The dorsal side of each human arm 153.86 cm2 of the skin was exposed for twenty minutes by covering the remaining area with rubber glove. The control and treated arm were introduced simultaneously into mosquito cage under laboratory condition maintained at 27 +/- 1°C, 65-70% RH. Among the four different concentrations tested, maximum repellent activity was observed at 1000 ppm of O. integrifolia, S. Abyssinica and M. ferruginea and also E. kebericho has strong repellent properties in all concentrations. O. integrifolia, S. abyssinica, M. ferruginea and E. kebericho may contain repellent chemicals which can be used for the development of safer mosquito repellent product.
In vitro rearing of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (GuenÃ©e) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on artificial diet
Authors: Sethi Tanu , Kalia V. , Singh A.K. , Gujar G.T.
Published: January 2024

The brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen©e) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a key pest of brinjal. Studies were carried out on the development of its in vitro rearing on artificial diet on a large scale. An artificial diet without natural ingredients of brinjal is found to support the growth and development as good as or better than natural brinjal fruits. The BSFB takes 26.25 days to complete life cycle on artificial diet as compared to 25.42 days on natural brinjal fruits (var. Pusa Kranti). On the contrary, other traits viz., 13 day old larval weight, 2 day old pupal weight, % pupation, % adult emergence, adult longevity and fecundity of the BSFB on artificial diet are either better or is at par with those on the natural brinjal fruits. The artificial diet has a shelf life of 75 days at 4 0C. Thus, the artificial diet is useful for quality and economic production of insects under aseptic conditions on the basis of rearing at 27 0C, 60-75% rh and 13 hr photophase for more than 56 generations without fortification with field populations. The prospects of this method being useful for studies on various aspects of BSFB management including insect resistance management in insect protective transgenic brinjal are discussed.
New record of a genus and two species of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India T.
Authors: Revathi T. G. , Sundararaj R.
Published: January 2024

The whitefly genus Aleuroputeus Corbett so far known from Malaysia is reported for the first time from India by reporting occurrence of A. baccaureae Corbett on Tabebuia rosea in Bengaluru, India. Further Aleuroclava stereospermi (Corbett) so far known from Malaysia has been reported for the first time from India on Stereospermum colais. The generic features of Aleuroputeus have been redefined. Both the species have been redescribed with illustrations.
Determination of critical density in Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) as a deciding factor influencing the transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in southern India
Authors: Samuel P. Philip , Thenmozhi V. , Nagaraj J. , Ramesh D. , Muniaraj M. , Arunachalam N.
Published: January 2024

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes a severe neurobiological health hazard, namely, Japanese encephalitis (JE) which has been rampant in Cuddalore district in the 1970s and 1980s, transmitted mainly by Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The authors have been working on various aspects of transmission dynamics of JE in Cuddalore district, south India, for past more than two decades and have analyzed varied data on ecology and biology of vector Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, to develop a model for depicting the critical density which is a primary requisite to develop control strategy against vector. Such a model of critical density for the vector will be helpful to forecast prospective outbreaks of the disease exacting heavy morbidity and mortality in many parts of India.
Dissipation kinetics and effect of processing on clothianidin residues in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Authors: Pratheeshkumar N. , Chandran M.
Published: January 2024

The dissipation behaviour of clothianidin (Dantop 50% WDG), a neonicotinoid insecticide, in fresh and cured cardamom capsules was studied following- application at 20 and 40 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, in the plantation of Indian Cardamom Hills (ICH), Idukki, Kerala, India. A single laboratory UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the estimation of residues of clothianidin in fresh and cured cardamom. The recovery experiments were conducted at fortification levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1Î¼g g-1.The average recoveries obtained were 91.04 to 94.44 and 89.22 to 91.41 % for fresh and cured cardamom, respectively. The LOD and LOQ in both fresh and cured cardamom were found to be 0.005 and 0.01Î¼g g-1, respectively. The initial deposits of clothianidin on fresh and cured cardamom were 1.96 and 5.24 Î¼g g-1, respectively, following application at the lower dose while the corresponding deposits were 4.13 and 10.61Î¼g g-1 at the higher dose. For fresh and cured cardamom, the residues dissipated below the quantitation level of 0.01Î¼g g-1 after 21 and 28 days at both the doses, respectively. The half-life of clothianidin in fresh and cured cardamom was 3.40 and 3.11 days at the lower dose and 3.42 and 3.45 days at the higher dose, respectively. The waiting periods of clothianidin on fresh and cured cardamom at the lower and higher doses were 18.41 and 22.09 days, and 21.16 and 27.54 days, respectively. The processing factor was evaluated at the lower dose and the mean processing factor was 2.90.
Persistence and effect of processing on reduction of spiromesifen residues in chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and soil
Authors: Xavier George , Chandran M.
Published: January 2024

Residue dynamics of spiromesifen (Oberon 240 SC) in chilli fruits was studied using Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The initial deposits of spiromesifen in chilli fruits after application at 96 and 192 g ai ha-1, were found to be 0.62 and 1.20 g g-1, which reached below quantitation level after 21 and 27 days, respectively. Half-life of spiromesifen at single and double recommended dose were 3.65 and 3.19 days, respectively and the corresponding waiting period calculated was 0.74 and 4.49 days. The removal of spiromesifen residues using different simple decontamination 2 h after spraying and 3 days of spraying were 77.74 -88.18 % and 55.46 -71.00 % respectively. Processing factor due to sun drying in dry chilli fruits ranged from 2.12 to 1.33 during 0 to 15th day after application.
First report of Lema sp nr pectoralis Baly, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the green bay orchid Eulophia andamanensis Rchb.f (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)
Authors: Bharathimeena T.
Published: January 2024

Incidence of Lema sp nr pectoralis Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Eulophia andamanensis Rchb.f (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) is reported for the first time.
A microbiota intestinal, doenças associadas e os possíveis tratamentos: Uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Andrade Maria Eduarda Garcia de , Siqueira Célia Gomes de
Published: January 2024

A microbiota é formada por diversos microrganismos, bactérias, vírus e fungos que habitam o corpo humano, realizando processos mutualistas. Esse mecanismo interfere diretamente na digestão e absorção dos nutrientes, na proteção contra organismos patógenos, na regulação do sistema imune, em funções enzimáticas que atuam como estimuladoras e precursoras de substâncias envolvidas em vários processos metabólicos do hospedeiro. Este trabalho de revisão, tem como objetivo a descrição das funções da microbiota intestinal, em conjunto dos microrganismos existentes do intestino humano, a qual é uma das maiores em diversidade, número e funções desempenhadas. Foram analisados trabalhos utilizando banco de dados como Periódico CAPES, SciELO e LILACS e PubMed, abrangendo publicações entre 1990 a 2022. A microbiota intestinal é responsável pela manutenção da homeostase do intestino, no qual impede o desenvolvimento de patógenos e agentes infecciosos. Existe uma relação entre aumento nas taxas inflamatórias e disbiose intestinal, na qual podem estar associados dietas impróprias, consumo de produtos tóxicos e químicos, além de fatores genéticos e ambientais que podem suprimir ou desencadear o aumento de bactérias nocivas. Foram abordados os fatores determinantes da microbiota intestinal. Discutiu-se as relações entre o cérebro e o intestino e a influência da microbiota na obesidade, no sistema imune, no desenvolvimento de doenças neurológicas e no câncer. O papel da microbiota na colite pseudomembranosa foi apresentado. Foi possível entender que a disbiose desencadeia diversas respostas imunológicas inatas e adaptativas que podem desenvolver a formação de diversos processos maléficos para o hospedeiro. Conclui-se que a microbiota intestinal exerce uma função essencial na conservação da homeostasia do intestino por meio do sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, e evolui com ele, influenciando o metabolismo, a fisiologia e o desenvolvimento do sistema imunológico, enquanto a perturbação da comunidade microbiana pode resultar em doenças crônicas.
Avaliação comparativa do efeito carcinogênico de anticoncepcionais orais combinados de segunda e terceira geração em Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Rocha Giovana Vilela , Daniel Adriano Pereira , Orsolin Priscila Capelari , Gil Flávio Rocha
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em avaliar comparativamente o efeito carcinogênico dos anticoncepcionais combinados com progestágenos levonorgestrel (segunda geração) e desogestrel (terceira geração), por meio do teste para detecção de tumores epiteliais em Drosophila melanogaster. Metodologia: Para tal foram preparadas três concentrações do anticoncepcional combinado com etinilestradiol e levonorgestrel (C1- 0,78/ 3,9mcg/mL; C2- 1,56/ 7,8mcg/mL e C3- 3,12/ 15,6mcg/mL) e três concentrações do anticoncepcional combinado com etinilestradiol e desogestrel (C1- 0,78/ 3,9mcg/mL; C2- 1,56/ 7,8mcg/mL e C3-3,12/ 15,6mcg/mL), sendo todas testadas isoladamente. Para controle negativo foi utilizado Tween 80 (1%) e, para controle positivo, doxorrubicina (0,4 mM). Resultados: O efeito carcinogênico foi observado apenas na maior concentração do anticoncepcional combinado de etinilestradiol com desogestrel (C3). Todas as concentrações dos anticoncepcionais combinados com etinilestradiol e levonorgestrel (C1, C2 e C3) e as menores concentrações de etinilestradiol e desogestrel (C1 e C2) apresentaram frequências tumorais que não diferiram significativamente do controle negativo. Conclusão: Conclui-se que anticoncepcionais orais de terceira geração apresentaram potencial carcinogênico em D. melanogaster, em maiores concentrações.