bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Community Composition and Resistome Analysis in a Full-scale Cold Climate Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Uyaguari Miguel
Published: October 2021

Background: Wastewater treatment plants are an essential part of maintaining the health and safety of the general public. However, they are also an anthropogenic source of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we characterized the resistome, the distribution of classes 1-3 integron-integrase genes (intI1, intI2, and intI3) as mobile genetic element biomarkers, and the bacterial and phage community compositions in the North End Sewage Treatment Plant in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Samples were collected from raw sewage, returned activated sludge, final effluent, and dewatered sludge. A total of 28 bacterial and viral metagenomes were sequenced over two seasons, fall and winter. Integron-integrase genes, the 16S rRNA gene, and the coliform beta-glucuronidase gene were also quantified during this time period. Results: Bacterial classes observed above 1% relative abundance in all treatments were Actinobacteria (39.24% ± 0.25%), Beta-proteobacteria (23.99% ± 0.16%), Gamma-proteobacteria (11.06% ± 0.09%), and Alpha-proteobacteria (9.18 ± 0.04%). Families within the Caudovirales order: Siphoviridae (48.69% ± 0.10%), Podoviridae (23.99% ± 0.07%), and Myoviridae (19.94% ± 0.09%) were the dominant phage observed throughout the NESTP. The most abundant bacterial genera (in terms of average percent relative abundance) in influent, returned activated sludge, final effluent, and sludge, respectively, includes Mycobacterium (37.4%, 18.3%, 46.1%, and 7.7%), Acidovorax (8.9%, 10.8%, 5.4%, and 1.3%), and Polaromonas (2.5%, 3.3%, 1.4%, and 0.4%).The most abundant class of antibiotic resistance in bacterial samples was tetracycline resistance (17.86% ± 0.03%) followed by peptide antibiotics (14.24% ± 0.03%), and macrolides (10.63% ± 0.02%). Similarly, the phage samples contained a higher prevalence of macrolide (30.12% ± 0.30%), peptide antibiotic (10.78% ± 0.13%), and tetracycline (8.69% ± 0.11%) resistance. In addition, intI1 was the most abundant integron-integrase gene throughout treatment (1.14x104 gene copies/mL) followed by intI3 (4.97x103 gene copies/mL) while intI2 abundance remained low (6.4x101 gene copies/mL).Conclusions: The wastewater treatment plant successfully reduced the abundance of bacteria, DNA bacteriophages, and antibiotic resistance genes although many of them still remained in effluent and biosolids. The presence of integron-integrase genes throughout treatment and in effluent suggests that antibiotic resistance genes could be actively disseminating resistance between both environmental and pathogenic bacteria.
Near Co-Laborations
Authors: Streinzer Andreas , Wanka Anna , Zieringer Carolin , Marx Georg , Poppinga Almut
Published: October 2021

The contribution discusses the formation and collaboration in the VERSUS project (Versorgung und Unterstützung in Zeiten von Corona/Provisioning and support in times of Corona) as a relational epistemic practice. VERSUS formed as research project to investigate how provisioning recon-figured during the pandemic in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The researchers involved come from different yet ‘near’ scholarly backgrounds: anthropology, sociology, and political theory. Such ‘near’ interdisciplinarity poses specific challenges and frictions for a co-laborative project. In analysing our own forms of working on working together, we aim to contribute to an emergent literature that focuses on co-laboration in projects of such ‘near’ disciplines used to take their differences serious. We discuss VERSUS through the notions of a) co-laboration, working with a shared epistemic orientation (tertium) for creating knowledge for specific fields, and b) collaboration as the everyday practice of working together during the unfolding pandemic. The collaborative software Slack enabled quick and less formal interaction, yet the instant-ness of the platform created challenging situations that we then discuss as important and generative moments in the project.
The changing landscape of the spaza retail outlet amongst black South Africans
Authors: Yesufu Shaka
Published: October 2021

The Spaza retail outlet is predominately found in South Africa’s black populated areas or townships. It also has a historical significance to it because, during the apartheid years, black people were not allowed to move freely by the white minority rule. This study is qualitative research where the author carried out an extensive literature review to look first, at the background, characteristics, challenges, and future directions that affect the Spaza micro businesses in South Africa. The research aims to first highlight the importance of micro-businesses. Second, to highlight the need for South Africa’s government initiatives to support small businesses for sustainable growth of the economy and to explore whether this support is far-reaching enough to protect the Spaza retail shops. The authors rely on Karl Marx's theory of class struggle as the theory informing the study. Some of the findings are: Spaza owners need to be more trained in business management, entrepreneurial skills, advertisement, social networking and marketing research, accounting and bookkeeping, technology, and innovation concerning promoting their businesses. The Spaza's annual revenue stream for the South Africa government currently stands at 5.2 % of the GDP.
The prospects for NT-pro BNP level determining in physical activity conditions in patients during the rehabilitation period after the myocardial infarction, complicated with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Vakaliuk Ihor , Levandovska Khrystyna , Tymochko Natalia
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the futility of NT-pro BNP level analysis during dosed physical exercise for diagnosing decompensated HF in the postinfarction period and the possibility to determine the HF functional class.
Materials and methods. 160 patients with previous MI were examined, patients’ average age was (56.67±5.72) years. The patients were randomized in 2 groups dependently on the presence of the signs of II А-B according to V. Kh. Vasylenko and M. D. Strazhesko classification and FC III-IV (according to NYHA) decompensated chronic HF. Group I consisted of 120 patients with Q-QS and non-Q MI; group II (the control one) had 40 patients with MI without signs of decompensated HF; 20 healthy people made up a norm group.
Results. Signs of coronary insufficiency such as dizziness and signs of poor peripheral perfusion (cyanosis/paleness) occurred in 104 (86.7 %) and 79 (65.8 %) cases that differ from the same values in the second group 4 (10.0 %) and 14 (35.0 %) respectively. 88 (73.3 %) patients with the signs of decompensated HF felt general weakness, fatigue, and expressed a request to stop the test.
The HR in the postinfarction patients with the signs of decompensated HF was before the exercise (88.2±3.18) bpm (p≤0.05); in the patients with past MI without the signs of decompensated HF, it was (75.32±3.41) bpm (p≤0.05); and in the practically healthy people, it was (77.73±3.02) bpm. We found out a reverse moderate correlation between the distances that had been covered by a patient during the 6MWT NT-proBNP level in blood serum of examined patients.
Conclusions. Inadequate response to dosed physical exercises and increased immunological parameters as quantitative HF markers could be useful not only for diagnostics, but also for the risk stratification for decompensated HF that had occurred in patients on different rehabilitation stages after an acute MI.
Comparative aspects of treatment of endometrial hyperplasia in women of reproductive age with overweight
Authors: Semeniuk Andrii
Published: October 2021

The aim. Minimization of the frequency of recurrence of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) in women of reproductive age with overweight (OW) depending on the tactics of treatment.

Materials and methods. 90 women of reproductive age with endometrial hyperplasia and OW were selected. They, in turn, were divided into three groups: group 1 – 30 women who took a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist), namely at a dose of 3.75 mg intramuscularly once every 28 days; group 2 – 30 women who used progestin (norethisterone) at a dose of 10 mg per day from day 16 to 25 of the cycle, group 3 – 30 women who took combined oral contraception (COC) (30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg desogestrel) in a cyclic mode 21/7.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy included a clinical picture of the disease 6 months after the start of treatment, assessment of the variability of the average values of endometrial thickness and uterine size on ultrasound (US) of the pelvis 6 months after treatment. Also analyzed the effectiveness of therapy based on the results of morphological examination of the endometrium in a biopsy of the uterine mucosa, performed 6 months after the start of treatment. In addition, a general analysis of the frequency of EH recurrence was performed 6–24 months after treatment.

Results. The results showed that in the group in which women were prescribed GnRH agonist, there was a significantly higher effectiveness of treatment, in particular the absence of uterine bleeding and menstrual disorders (MD). At the same time, in the other norethisterone group, 53.3 % (16) of women had intermenstrual uterine bleeding. In patients in the group in which women received COC, uterine bleeding was observed in 30.0 % (i.e. 9) of patients (p <0.05).

Immediately after treatment, the average values of endometrial thickness in patients of group 1, according to ultrasound, was 3.59±0.47 mm, which was significantly less than in women of groups 2 and 3 – 6.81±0.59 mm (p<0.001) and 7.58±0.69 mm (p<0.001).

In addition, patients in group 1 at 3, 6, 12, 24 months after the end of hormone therapy were registered significantly lower average values of endometrial thickness, compared with patients receiving norethisterone and estrogen-progestogen drugs.

Conclusions. In a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of endometrial hyperplastic processes in overweight women, it was found that the recurrence rate after 6–24 months occurs in 6.7 % (i.e. 2) of patients after GnRH agonist therapy, in 33.3 % (i.e. in 10) patients receiving norethisterone (p<0.001), and in 50 % (i.e. 15) of women treated with COC (p<0.001).
Effect of hydrodynamic breakage on floc evolution and turbidity reduction in flocculation and sedimentation processes
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Zhu Jiaqi , Li Zhenxing , Li Junyi , Ren Pengfei
Published: October 2021

Coagulation and sedimentation process is one of the most popular processes in drinking water treatment. Hydrodynamic breakage has a significant impact on the evolution of floc characteristics and the efficiency of turbidity removal. In this work, the effects of hydrodynamic breakage on floc size, fractal dimension, and floc morphology were investigated with an in-situ recognition system. The experiments were conducted in a continuous flocculation and sedimentation reactor equipped with perforated plates to provide different hydrodynamic breakage conditions. The experimental results indicated that the hydrodynamic conditions significantly influenced the floc destabilization and restructuring processes. A low hydrodynamic shear force provided by P1 led to the increase of both bigger sized flocs but accompanied with small particles (0–10 μm). Excessive velocity gradient provided by P3 produced smaller and looser flocs. An appropriate velocity gradient (i.e., the flow velocity through the perforated plate P2 at 18.9 × 10−3m s−1) was conducive for the formation of larger and more compact structures, with higher average floc size and fractal dimension. This flocculation condition in turn resulted in effective improvements in the turbidity removal efficiency. Floc evolution models were described based on the mechanism of the breakage and restructuring process.
Assessment of sustainability index for rural water management using ANN
Authors: Raghavendra Kumar R. , Kumar Gaurav , Gupta Rajiv
Published: October 2021

The current study proposes a sustainability index (SI) measure based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and globally accepted parameters. Some of the available methods for SI measurement are multi-criteria analysis, external costs, energy analysis, and ecological footprint methods. However, validity remains a concern due to a system's needs, criteria, and requirements. Generally, sustainability is assessed in economic, environmental, and social issues, which varies across regions and countries. Most of the studies accept sub-indices but to a limited extent. Therefore, the proposed study develops an SI evaluation method based on the idea of multi-sustainability incorporating operations, institutions, risks, and climate factors besides economic, environmental, and social issues. All these issues might not be applicable to a single project but may help to develop a complete index when applied. The present study considered different scenarios in building a method to calculate SI using ANN. The results obtained by the ANN model for various input parameters helped to identify the best water conservation strategy. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the uncertainty contribution/significance of the input variables for the water scarcity in the study region. The developed model in the study is tested on a rural water management system.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF A MODERN CITY
Authors: MUTALIPOV Rakhmon B.
Published: October 2021

Public administration of a modern city is the main point in determining the formation vector of the national country and law. The implementation of state and urban governance has common patterns based on the history of the formation and development of state and legal institutions. This, in turn, allows for a fresh look at the understanding of the concept of regional policy and public administration.
The public administration issues of a modern city are controversial in the legal literature. In this article, the author examines the public administration of a modern city, analyzes its legal nature and place in the system of state and municipal government, and offers the author’s vision of understanding the public administration of a modern city. In the pre­sent research, the author examines public administration using the example of Russian cities and also studies features of a city as a concept itself, these features are not exclusive for the Russian legal system.
Analyzing regulatory documents, as well as domestic literature, we can conclude that public administration is considered in two aspects, as an activity and as a legal relationship. According to the author, the public administration of a modern city should be considered as a set of actions by state and local authorities, self-government bodies and their officials to ensure the life of the city’s residents with the aim of its sustainable development. Legal regulation of public urban management in Russian legislation occurs indirectly through the regulation of implementation of local self-government.
It is concluded that the definition of specific goals and objectives of Russian cities public administration affects their socio-economic development, however, at present, the Russian legislator has not defined the goals and objectives of urban management, and insufficient attention is paid to the strategic development of modern cities in Russia.
The research methodology is based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to determine the public administration features of a modern city and its place in the system of state and municipal administration. The use of the comparative (comparative legal) method helped to identify the distinctive features that characterize the public administration of a modern city. With the help of historical and prognostic methods, the generality of the implementation laws of state and city government was substantiated and proved. The use of the formal legal method made it possible to study public urban governance separately from other legal activities.
TRENDS IN SPORTS VOLUNTEERING RESEARCH: A MANAGEMENT ASPECT
Authors: TELEPAEVA Daria F. , PEVNAYA Maria V.
Published: October 2021

Sports volunteering as a social phenomenon attracts the attention of the world’s leading researchers in the field of sociology, psychology, and economics. Despite the large number of publications, research interest in the problems of sports volunteers is manifested periodically and, as a rule, precedes any specific sports event of an international or national level. The holding of the largest international competitions on the territory of Russia and the state interest in volunteering will determine the need for national and comparative research in the field of sports volunteering and the management of this type of activity. The aim of the work is to determine the place of sports volunteering in modern research on the basis of bibliometric analysis of publication data. The empirical research was carried out on the basis of the Scopus database in three stages: selection of documents by keywords, introduction of time frames (2005-2020) and selection of publications corresponding to the types of “article” and “scientific review”. The final sample consisted of 329 documents, which were analyzed in detail in the VOSviewer program (version 1.6.15). The authors identify the leaders of this research direction among specific organizations and countries. We analyzed the most cited publications on the topic of sports volunteering in the context of management. The authors identified thematic areas and their chronology in research, building a mental map of the most common terms. The results obtained make it possible to determine the degree of study of the phenomenon under consideration, to identify problem areas and promising directions in the study of sports volunteering. The problematic field of sports volunteering research is analyzed in the article from the managerial aspect. This formulation of the problem makes it possible to evaluate the scientific discourse of sports volunteering management at different levels: from interaction in a separate organization to the analysis of the practices of international and national management of the organization of sports events.
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF RELIGIONS IN AFRICA USING THE EXAMPLE OF NIGERIA
Authors: AKULICH Maria M. , OLALEKAN Olovu G.
Published: October 2021

In the modern world, there is a rapid civilizational development of African countries. The largest and most influential state in the West African region is Nigeria. Strategically, Nigeria strives to be a regional leader and take leading positions in the development and provision of regional security. Africa currently remains the most religious continent in the world, socio-ethnic and socio-confessional characteristics of society have a significant impact on the development of almost all social processes and changes in Nigeria and other countries of this region.
Research results: it is proved that in the conditions of active civilizational development in Nigeria, religions have a great influence in the process of societal developments. The essential role of religion in the formation of civil society is determined; the study revealed that religions in Nigeria have significant impacts on the political development of society; the influence of religious organizations on the attitude of the population to the authorities has been proved. It is concluded that religions are of great value and are directly related to the development of Africa. Religions are channels for the transmission of social and political values from one generation to another. It is further proved that religions in Nigeria actively contribute to the moral development of the society. 77.7% of respondents agreed to be active members of a political party due to the encouragement from religious organizations. At the same time, 50% of respondents are politically active in accordance with their personal interest in politics. Half of the respondents agreed to have been participating in peaceful protests, as a result of encouragement from their various religious organizations.
The psalmodic cadence as a characteristic feature of a musical tradition
Authors: Grajewski Czesław
Published: October 2021

Artykuł zawiera przegląd kadencji psalmowych, które są charakterystycznymi elementami psalmodii niektórych tradycji zakonnych. Autor na podstawie wieloletnich badań wyselekcjonował zakończenia psalmowe (euouae), które właściwe są dla cystersów, premonstratensów, franciszkanów, klarysek, krzyżaków, kartuzów i paulinów.
Szkolnictwo polonijne w Kanadzie w XIX-XX w. (cz. 1)
Authors: Gliński Waldemar
Published: October 2021

Pierwsza polska szkoła w Kanadzie powstała w parafii powołanej w 1875 r. dla przybyłych w okolice Barry’s Bay osadników z polskich Kaszub. Wraz z napływem polskich emigrantów i powstawaniem na ich potrzeby parafii etnicznych tworzono przy nich szkoły: w 1894 r. w Kitchener, w 1901 r. w Winnipeg, w 1913 r. w Toronto (przy kościele św. Stanisława Kostki), w 1938 r. w Oshavie. Przed wybuchem II wojny światowej w prowincji Ontario powstały szkoły jeszcze szkoły polskie w Thunder Bay (1933 r.),  trzy w Hamilton (w 1927 r., w 1936 r. i w 1937 r.). Kolejne szkoły powstały w Brandfort (w 1936 r.), w Preston (w 1934 r.), w Delhi (w 1939 r.), w London (1927), w Sudbury (1936 r.), w Brandford (1928 r.), w Albercie (1913 r.), w Montrealu (1915 r.), w Calgary (w 1934 r.), gdzie już w początkach XX stulecia mieszkało ponad 7 tys.
Przyczynek do Szkolnictwo plastyczne średniego szczebla w II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle rozporządzeń i zarządzeń Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego
Authors: Lewińska Beata
Published: October 2021

Szkoły artystyczne w II Rzeczypospolitej podlegały Ministerstwu Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego. Pierwsze wzmianki o publicznych średnich szkołach plastycznych pojawiły się w 1922 roku. W kolejnych latach wydawano rozporządzenia i zarządzenia, które regulowały przede wszystkich zasady funkcjonowania i kierunki kształcenia w średnich szkołach państwowych i publicznych we Lwowie, w Krakowie, Warszawie, Poznaniu i Bydgoszczy. Oprócz szkół państwowych w Polsce funkcjonowało kilkanaście szkół prywatnych średniego szczebla, których poziom kształcenia dorównywał szkołom państwowym. W artykule podjęta została próba ustalenia, jakie szkoły plastyczne funkcjonowały w Polsce, ile ich było, jakim normalizacjom prawnym były poddawane.
Rewindykacje warszawskich zbiorów bibliotecznych na łamach dziennika „Życie Warszawy” w latach 1945-1947
Authors: Paduch Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Niniejszy artykuł został w całości poświęcony analizie artykułów oraz informacji zamieszczonych w latach 1945-1947 na łamach dziennika „Życie Warszawy” dotyczących rewindykacji księgozbiorów pochodzących z bibliotek, urzędów oraz instytucji znajdujących się w Warszawie. Ukazano w wyniku analizy artykułów prasowych, w jaki sposób oraz jak często publikowano informacje poświęcone rewindykacji zbiorów bibliotecznych.
W cieniu wielkiej polityki. Londyńskie dzieje pomnika katyńskiego 1971 – 1976
Authors: Polak Bogusław , Polak Michał
Published: October 2021

Skomplikowane losy budowy i odsłonięcia pomnika Katyń 1940 na cmentarzu Gunnersbury do dziś budzą refleksję nad paradygmatami polityki mocarstw po obu stronach ówczesnej żelaznej kurtyny. Celem głównym artykułu jest przeanalizowanie – w oparciu o pozyskane źródła i opracowania – losów tego monumentu, odbijających w historycznym zwierciadle jedno z największych kłamstw sowieckich XX w., a zarazem ukazujących trudne warunki funkcjonowania polskiego uchodźstwa politycznego w Wielkiej Brytanii w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Politycy brytyjscy za wszelką cenę próbowali nie dopuścić do zaognienia konfliktu ze Związkiem Sowieckim. Działania Polaków w Wielkiej Brytanii zmierzające do upamiętnienia zbrodni katyńskiej nie były na rękę rządowi brytyjskiemu. Jedynie determinacji polskiego uchodźstwa należy zawdzięczać ostateczny sukces tej inicjatywy.
Czynniki historyczne warunkujące obecną sytuację wyznaniową w Polsce
Authors: Romański-Cebula Sławomir
Published: October 2021

Wśród wielu czynników determinujących współczesną sytuację prawną i społeczną Kościołów i związków wyznaniowych, wydarzenia i doświadczenia historyczne wydają się mieć kluczową rolę. Kształtują one nie tylko demograficzny obraz wyznań, ale sięgają znacznie głębiej, stanowiąc o świadomości i tożsamości współczesnych mieszkańców Polski. Wprawdzie ściśle skorelowane z czynnikami społecznymi, demograficznymi, politycznymi czy prawnymi – po wyodrębnieniu mogą stać się bardzo cennym przedmiotem badań dla przedstawicieli różnych nauk. Autor artykułu stawia sobie za cel wyodrębnienie i poddanie wstępnej analizie najważniejszych wydarzeń i doświadczeń historycznych pomocnych w opisie obrazu religijnego Polski.
Prusowie i ich sąsiedzi, czyli z badań nad rozsiedleniem rodowym szlachty powiatu brzezińskiego (część południowa) do początku XVI w. cz. 1.
Authors: Ćwikła Łukasz
Published: October 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd rozsiedlenia rodowego szlachty w południowej części dawnego powiatu brzezińskiego do początku XVI w. W oparciu o zapiski heraldyczne i sądowe oraz materiał źródłowy dokonano przeglądu najważniejszych rodzin szlacheckich z uwzględnieniem ich przynależności do konkretnych herbów. W toku niniejszych studiów dało się zidentyfikować takie rody szlacheckie, jak Awdańcy oraz Bielinowie.
Dewocjonalia w mieszczańskich inwentarzach pośmiertnych z terenu Małopolski (XVI–XVIII wiek)
Authors: Justyniarska-Chojak Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

W inwentarzach pośmiertnych, stanowiących pewnego rodzaju materialne podsumowanie życia, odnaleźć można różnego rodzaju ruchomości, uporządkowane według określonych kategorii. Wśród nich znajdowały się również dewocjonalia, stanowiące jednak część spuścizny umykającą łatwym klasyfikacjom. Niektóre z nich mogły stanowić element wyposażenia wnętrz (obrazy, rzeźby, krucyfiksy). Natomiast symbole religijne w postaci krzyżyków, agnusków czy różańców, wskazywały na pewne potrzeby natury duchowej noszących je osób, a jednocześnie świadczyły o ich zamożności. Mimo, że liczba inwentarzy pośmiertnych, w których notowano dewocjonalia nie była szczególnie imponująca, to nawet w tak skromnym zestawieniu widać, jakie artefakty na przestrzeni analizowanych stuleci, cieszyły się większą popularnością. Najczęściej wymieniano bowiem krzyżyki i różańce, a w XVII wieku dodatkowo agnuski.
Od drzewa gorączki do toniku z ginem. Historyczne i kulturowe aspekty odkrycia właściwości leczniczych kory chinowej przeciw malarii
Authors: Nowogórski Przemysław
Published: October 2021

W XVII w. z Ameryki Południowej dotarł do Europy tzw. proszek peruwiański, czyli sproszkowana kora drzewa zwanego przez miejscowych Indian drzewem gorączki. Dzięki niej wyleczono z malarii dużą liczba ludzi. W XIX w. z kory wyizolowano leczniczy alkaloid, chininę i przystąpiono do syntetycznej jej produkcji. Jednocześnie podjęto próby zdobycia sadzonek drzewa chinowego i podjęcia jego hodowli w innych regionach świata. Najskuteczniejsze okazały się Niderlandy, zakładając plantacje chinowca w swojej kolonii w Indonezji. W XIX w. chininę zaczęto dodawać do wody gazowanej, a tę łączono z ginem. Powstały napój stosowany jako środek antymalaryczny w wojsku brytyjskim w Azji Południowej.
The Practice of Negotiating Death Penalty in Moldavia by Mid-18th Century
Authors: Chelcu Catalina
Published: October 2021

The procedure of redeeming a crime (compositio) or plata capului/“blood money” (paying the price of the victim) was a practice in the Moldavian Middle Ages and the premodern period, and was commonplace also in the wider space of medieval central and eastern Europe. This practice had implications in the structure of property as well because, in the absence of the money needed to pay the two obligations, most defendants guaranteed with their estates in exchange for the sums required or gave them for sale to people with financial power, who purchased them.
Kościoły koprzywnickie na przełomie XVIII/XIX wieku
Authors: Moskal Tomasz
Published: October 2021

W Koprzywnicy okresu staropolskiego źródła odnotowują funkcjonowanie czterech kościołów pod wezwaniem: Wszystkich Świętych, św. Leonarda, Ducha Świętego oraz klasztorny św. Floriana. Najstarszym był parafialny pw. Wszystkich Świętych, który służył lokalnej parafii do 1821 r. Po renowacji w XIX w. został kaplicą. Dopiero od 2000 r. na nowo stał się świątynią parafialną. Kościół pw. św. Floriana służył sprowadzonym do Koprzywnicy w 1185 r. cystersom, zaś po ich kasacie został przemianowany na parafialny. Dwa pozostałe zostały zlikwidowane: św. Leonarda w XVI w., zaś Ducha Świętego na początku XIX w. Artykuł ukazuje stan kościołów oraz duchowieństwo koprzywnickie na przełomie XVIII/XIX wieku.
Kasata klasztoru Franciszkanów – Reformatów w Szamotułach
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

W pracy omówiono proces kasaty klasztoru reformatów w Szamotułach. Klasztor ten został założony pod koniec XVII w. przez ówczesnego właściciela miasta Jana Korzbok Łąckiego. Fundator osadził zakonników w pozostałościach po dawnym zamku i wybudował im kościół pod wezwaniem św. Krzyża. Konwent działał do śmierci ostatniego gwardiana, który zmarł w lutym 1832 r. Zgon gwardiana zapoczątkował proces faktycznej kasaty klasztoru. Po kilku latach (1839 r.) poklasztorne zabudowania przejęła szamotulska parafia katolicka.
A New Mode of Thinfilm and Nanofiber for Burst Release of the Drug for
Alzheimer Disease; A Complete Scenario from Dispersible Polymer to
Formulation Methodology
Authors: AnjiReddy Keshireddy , Subramanian S. Karpagam
Published: October 2021

:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is usually caused by intellectual deterioration which occurs due
to the degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Donepezil is employed for cholinesterase enzyme Inhibition
(ChEI) to treat AD in a wider population. Over the years, researchers finding difficulties prompted
through traditional dosage forms particularly in geriatric patience. To avoid swallowing difficulties
brought about with the aid of the AD population, researchers majorly focused on Oral Thin-Film
technology (OTF). This technology strongly eliminates issues caused by solid oral dosage forms. It is
one of the quality strategies to alternate a drug that is used in the first-pass metabolism or pre systematic
metabolism. The solubility of the drug is a bigger problem and it can expand by way of lowering
particle size. Nanofibers are need of the day to minimize the drug particles at the submicron stage
which can increase the drug release rate drastically. It can be prepared by Electrospinning technology
by incorporating polymeric material into poorly soluble drugs. Mostly natural and biodegradable polymers
prefer in all pharmaceutical preparations. Polymers employed for oral delivery should be stable,
possess mucoadhesive properties, and should release the drug by diffusion, degradation, and swelling
mechanism. The objective of the present review explains various thin-film and nanofiber formulations
used for faster drug release in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
TREATMENT OF AORTA MESENTERIC COMPRESSION: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Nesterenko I. R.
Published: October 2021

Left renal vein compression between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery at an acute angle of the origin of the latter (“the nutcracker syndrome”) often leads to phlebohypertension in the left renal vein causing a combination of structural and functional changes in the kidneys and pelvic organs, different clinical manifestations such as left-sided varicocele, hematuria, pelvic venous congestion syndrome, the development of renal failure.

The objective of the research: to determine indications for surgical and conservative treatment of aorta mesenteric compression.

Materials and methods. The study included 210 patients (142 men and 68 women) with suspected “nutcracker syndrome” who were referred to vascular surgeons for a consultation by urologists and gynecologists during the period from 1999 to 2020, mainly from the western regions of Ukraine (about 11 million population). The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 52. All patients were interviewed for specific complaints: pain in the left lumbar region and left half of abdomen, inability to eat large amounts of food, hematuria, proteinuria, hemospermia, erectile dysfunction, left sided varicocele in men, and left sided pudendal varicosity and dysmenorrhea in women. All referred patients with suspected “nutcracker syndrome” underwent color Doppler ultrasound to determine the presence of pathological reflux in the left renal and gonadal veins by measuring peak systolic velocities in order to confirm or exclude that pathology. The patients with confirmed left renal vein stenosis underwent CT angiography.

Results. According to color Doppler ultrasound, different degree of aorta mesenteric compression was confirmed in 138 (65.7%) patients (83 men and 55 women), critical left renal vein stenosis was observed in 35 of them. Two patients were diagnosed with the retroaortic left renal vein (“posterior nutcracker”).

According to observations, clinical manifestations of AMC syndrome severe forms occurred in case of an increase in the diameter of the distal part of the LRV compared to its proximal segment by 3-6 times as well as in case of an increase in peak systolic velocity in the stenosed proximal segment by 6-14 times (by 8.7 times on average) compared to the left renal vein distal segment.

Conclusions. Color Doppler ultrasound with determination of peak systolic velocities and diameters of the left renal and gonadal veins, pathological reflux in them must be the obligatory diagnostic stage in the patients with suspected AMC. The choice of treatment approach should be made taking into account clinical and laboratory indices, as well as the assessment of AMC severity according to instrumental data (ultrasound, CT angiography, MRA, etc.). The severity of pathomorphological changes in the pelvic organs and their consequences proves the need to eliminate phlebohypertension in the left renal and gonadal veins. LRV transposition proves its effectiveness in the remote postoperative period.
Health Care Professional and Caregiver Attitudes Toward and Usage of Medical Podcasting: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Lee Clement , Zhou Melissa S , Wang Evelyn R , Huber Matthew , Lockwood Katie K , Parga Joanna
Published: October 2021

Background

Podcasts are used increasingly in medicine. There is growing research into the role of podcasts in medical education, but the use of podcasting as a tool for pediatric parent/caregiver health education is largely unexplored. As parents/caregivers seek medical information online, an understanding of parental preferences is needed.

Objective

We sought to explore health care professional and parent/caregiver awareness and views on podcasting as a health education tool.

Methods

This survey study was conducted and distributed via in-person collection from parents/caregivers (≥18 years old) in the waiting room of an academic pediatric primary care clinic, targeted social media promotion, and professional listservs for health care professionals in pediatrics. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests of independence between categorical variables.

Results

In total, 125 health care professionals and 126 caregivers completed the survey. Of those surveyed, 81% (101/125) of health care professionals and 55% (69/126) of parents/caregivers listened to podcasts (P<.001). Health care professionals and parents/caregivers listed the same top 3 quality indicators for medical podcasts. Podcast listeners were more likely to have higher incomes and use professional websites for information. The survey elicited a variety of reasons for podcast nonengagement.

Conclusions

Health care professionals appear to be more engaged in medical education podcasts than parents/caregivers. However, similar factors were valued when evaluating the quality of a pediatric podcast: accuracy, transparency, and credibility. Professional websites may be one avenue to increase podcast uptake. More needs to be done to explore the use of podcasts and digital media for medical information.
Detection of species substitution in raw, cooked, and processed meats utilizing multiplex-PCR assay
Authors: Cahyadi Muhammad , Fauzıah Nur Aini Dyah , Suwarto Imam Tubagus , Boonsupthip Waraporn
Published: October 2021

The rise of beef consumption in Indonesia opens an opportunity for “rogue” suppliers to mix beef with other meat species that are relatively cheaper, such as pork, chicken, etc. The aim of this study was to identify pig and chicken meat in raw, cooked, and processed meat products using multiplex-PCR of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene, which is maternally inherited and widely used for forensic studies. A total of 90 samples-33 raw meats, 33 cooked meats, and 24 meatballs-were used in this study. Each sample was extracted to obtain the DNA genome and this was then amplified using multiplex-PCR. The PCR products were visualized using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that species contained in raw, cooked, and processed meat samples could be identified as indicated by DNA bands at 398, 274, 227, and 157 bp for pig, cattle, chicken, and goat species respectively. This study concluded that species substitution in raw, cooked, and processed meats could be detected using the Cytochrome b gene as a genetic marker through multiplex-PCR assay.
Integrasi Analisis Spasial dan Statistik untuk Identifikasi Pola dan Faktor Determinan Perkembangan Kota Yogyakarta.
Authors: Susilo Bowo , Afani Mirza Rizal , Hidayah Safira Ihdanisa
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Analisis spasial  adalah metode analisis yang mempunyai ciri spesifik karenanya banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang kajian. Perkembangan kota adalah salah satunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola perkembangan kota dan faktor determinannya menggunakan integrasi analisis spasial dan statistik. Area di dalam jalan lingkar Yogyakarta dipilih sebagai daerah penelitian. Peta penggunaan lahan tahun 1993 dan 2014 digunakan sebagai data utama. Kombinasi analisis spasial dan statistik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor determinan perkembangan kota. Pertambahan lahan terbangun digunakan sebagai indikator perkembangan kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, selama periode kajian, lahan terbangun bertambah kurang lebih 766,35 hektar. Secara umum pola perkembangan kota adalah merata namun ada kecenderung lebih intensif di bagian Timur Laut daerah penelitian. Hasil analisis terhadap tujuh variabel yang diduga berhubungan dengan perkembang kota, menunjukkan hanya 2 variabel yang mempunyai signifikan dan dapat disebut sebagai determinan perkembangan kota. Variabel tersebut adalah jarak terhadap jalan lingkar Yogyakarta (ring road) dan jarak terhadap jalan lokal.  Abstract : Spatial analysis is often termed as special analysis therefore widely used in various studies. The study of urban growth is one among them. Identifying the pattern of urban growth and its determinant factors was the objective of this research. The study was located in the inner area of the ring road of Yogyakarta. Multitemporal land use data i.e. 1993 and 2014 were used as main data in this study. Spatial analysis was utilized to identify the distribution as well as the pattern of urban growth. A combination of spatial and statistical analysis was used to identify the determinant factor of urban growth. This study shows that during 199 and 2014, about 766,4 hectares of non-built-up land in the study area had been converted into built-up land. The pattern of urban growth was dispersed in general but the direction tends to the northeast of the study area. Transportation network, particularly the ring road and local roads were considered as the main determinants of urban growth.
Kajian kerusakan lingkungan pada tambang intan berbasis pertambangan rakyat di Kecamatan Cempaka, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Nasution Lely Adriani , Suratman Suratman , Sudrajat Sudrajat
Published: October 2021

Abstrak. Penambangan intan di Kecamatan Cempaka telah ada sejak dulu dan dikelola langsung oleh masyarakat serta tergolong sebagai tambang rakyat yang berskala kecil. Keberadaan tambang intan memunculkan permasalahan pada lingkungan berupa kerusakan. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan mencakup seluruh aspek seperti abiotik, biotik dan kultural. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan suatu kajian terkait bagaimana kerusakan yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan tersebut. Tujuan pada penelitian ini berupa, (1) mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan pertambangan intan, (2) menganalisis tingkat kerusakan lingkungannya, (3) merumuskan strategi pengelolaan yang sesuai untuk kerusakan lingkungan akibat pertambangan intan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan metode gabungan antara kuantitatif berupa skoring dan perhitungan kelas interval serta kualitatif berupa wawancara mendalam, yang mengacu pada kriteria dari Buku I Kerusakan Lahan Akses Terbuka Akibat Tambang Rakyat oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi jenis kerusakan lingkungan memiliki kesesuaian dengan parameter yang ada pada ketentuan KLHK tahun 2015. Analisis tingkat kerusakan menunjukkan bahwa titik pengamatan 4 di Kelurahan Sungai Tiung menjadi titik dengan tingkat kerusakan yang berat. Perumusan strategi pengelolaan menunjukkan bahwa pengalihfungsian lokasi pertambangan menjadi tujuan wisata adalah upaya pengelolaan yang paling tepat.   Abstract .Diamond mining in Cempaka Subdistrict existed for a long time ago and was handled by community groups and included as small-scale artisanal mining. The existence of diamond mining causes a problem to the environment like environmental damage. The damage caused covers all aspects such as abiotic, biotic, and cultural. Thus, it needs to carry out a study related to how these activities cause the damage. The purposes of the research are, (1) Identify the types of environmental damage, (2) analyze the level of environmental damage, (3) formulate the appropriate management strategies for environmental damage caused by diamond mining. The research method uses mix method between quantitative like scoring and calculation an interval class, and qualitative, with an in-depth interview, which references Book I Open Access to Land Damage due to Artisanal Mining by the Ministry of Environmental and Forestry 2015. The results showed that identifying the environmental damage type was in accordance with the parameters in 2015 of KLHK references. Analyze an environmental damage level shows the heavy damage level found in observation point 4 in Sungai Tiung. Formulation of a management strategy shows that mining sites' conversion to tourism destinations is the most appropriate.
Нарушенные парные погребения кожумбердынской культурной группы эпохи поздней бронзы Южного Зауралья
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Rafikova Yanina V.
Published: October 2021

This article aims at discussing the time and the character (pragmatic or ritual) of disturbances in paired burials of Kozhumberdy cultural group of Late Bronze Alakul´ Culture in the Southern Urals and Western Kazakhstan. Data. The object of the study are Kozhumberdy paired burials, which were deliberately disturbed, including 19 simultaneous and 3 non-simultaneous graves. Results. The simultaneous burials are divided into two groups according to the degree of skeletal impairment. In the first group the remains of both deceased are equally broken; there are 10 of such burials. The skeletal impairment of pelvic and/or femur bones prevail. In the second group the remains of one of the deceased are broken to a greater degree; there are 9 such burials. As a rule, the female bones suffered more: the skull manipulation (removal, breaking) is their characteristic feature. The fact of the presence of vessels in situ in most graves and the accuracy with which the penetration was accomplished may serve as the evidence of the disturbances made by the contemporaries of the buried. There seems to be no pragmatic purpose for such disturbances: the absence of prestigious grave-goods in most undisturbed paired burials may serve as the indirect indication of this fact. This is supported by direct evidence as well because those who disturbed the graves were apparently not interested in the valuable jewelry; it was left in the disturbed part of the grave. Notably, the disturbance of non-simultaneous burials is like that of simultaneous graves: the skeletons are broken down to the pelvic and/or femur bones (1) and the skulls are removed (2). Conclusions. The disturbance of Kozhumberdy paired burials was carried out during post-burial rituals performed by the contemporaries of the deceased.
Цифровые модели кодикологии тибетских книг
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Rinchinov Oleg S.
Published: October 2021

Goals. The article provides a codicological insight into Tibetan written heritage which gains certain relevance due to that extensive Tibetan collections are currently being introduced into scholarly circulation in Russia. The paper determines specific features of traditional Tibetan-Mongolian book production — the former being subject to codicological research — such as book types and formats, characteristics of paper, various design elements and marginalia, etc. Methods. Modern approaches to the study and attribution of Tibetan written monuments are examined through the analysis of most successful international initiatives advanced by the British Library, Harvard University, etc. Results. The work establishes main parameters of book description related to physical features, cultural and social contexts of its creation and existence. The obtained outcomes made it possible to enhance the digital codicological model for Tibetan book monuments at the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Monuments. The accumulation of data collected during the codicological study of large Tibetan collections and their processing with digital methods (statistical, geoinformation ones, etc.) also yield some important quantitative indicators to determine key directions, intensity and features of cultural interaction between Russia’s East — and countries of East and Inner Asia largely influenced by Tibetan culture.