bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E2F1 regulates testicular descent and controls spermatogenesis by influencing WNT4 signaling
Authors: Jorgez Carolina J. , Seth Abhishek , Wilken Nathan , Bournat Juan C. , Chen Ching H. , Lamb Dolores J.
Published: January 2021

Cryptorchidism is the most common urologic birth defect in men and is a predisposing factor of male infertility and testicular cancer, yet the etiology remains largely unknown. E2F1 microdeletions and microduplications contribute to cryptorchidism, infertility and testicular tumors. Although E2f1 deletion or overexpression in mice causes spermatogenic failure, the mechanism by which E2f1 influences testicular function is unknown. This investigation revealed that E2f1-null mice develop cryptorchidism with severe gubernacular defects and progressive loss of germ cells resulting in infertility and, in rare cases, testicular tumors. It was hypothesized that germ cell depletion resulted from an increase in WNT4 levels. To test this hypothesis, the phenotype of a double-null mouse model lacking both Wnt4 and E2f1 in germ cells was analyzed. Double-null mice are fertile. This finding indicates that germ cell maintenance is dependent on E2f1 repression of Wnt4, supporting a role for Wnt4 in germ cell survival. In the future, modulation of WNT4 expression in men with cryptorchidism and spermatogenic failure due to E2F1 copy number variations may provide a novel approach to improve their spermatogenesis and perhaps their fertility potential after orchidopexy.
Exercise Reduces Medication for Metabolic Syndrome Management: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: MORALES-PALOMO FELIX , MORENO-CABAÑAS ALFONSO , RAMIREZ-JIMENEZ MIGUEL , ALVAREZ-JIMENEZ LAURA , VALENZUELA PEDRO L. , LUCIA ALEJANDRO , ORTEGA JUAN F. , MORA-RODRIGUEZ RICARDO
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effects of a 5-yr exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and health-related variables and medication use for MetS management.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention (n = 25, 54 ± 2 yr, 20% women) or control group (n = 26, 54 ± 2 yr, 38% women). The intervention lasted 4 months per year and consisted of high-intensity interval training on a cycloergometer thrice a week. Outcomes were MetS z-score and medication use score, MetS-related variables (including blood pressure, blood glucose homeostasis, and lipid profile), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, as determined by maximal oxygen uptake).

Results

MetS z-score was similarly reduced over time in both groups (P = 0.244 for group–time interaction). A quasi-significant and significant group–time interaction was found for MetS number of factors (P = 0.004) and CRF (P < 0.001), respectively. Thus, MetS factors tended to decrease over time only in the exercise group with no change in the control group, whereas CRF increased from baseline to 5-yr assessment in the exercise group (by 1.1 MET, P < 0.001) but decreased in the control group (−0.5 MET, P = 0.025). Medicine use score increased twofold from baseline to 5-yr follow-up in the control group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change (10%, P = 0.52) in the exercise group (P < 0.001 for group–time interaction). The proportion of medicated patients who had to increase antihypertensive (P < 0.001), glucose-lowering (P = 0.036), or total medication (P < 0.0001) over the 5-yr period was lower in the exercise than that in the control group.

Conclusions

Exercise training can attenuate the increase in medication that would be otherwise required to manage MetS over a 5-yr period.
Effects of Exercise Mode on Postprandial Metabolism in Humans with Chronic Paraplegia
Authors: MCMILLAN DAVID W. , MAHER JENNIFER L. , JACOBS KEVIN A. , MENDEZ ARMANDO J. , NASH MARK S. , BILZON JAMES L. J.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of exercise mode and intensity on postprandial macronutrient metabolism.

Methods

Ten healthy men age 39 ± 10 yr with chronic paraplegia (13.2 ± 8.8 yr, ASIA A–C) completed three isocaloric bouts of upper-body exercise and a resting control. After an overnight fast, participants completed circuit resistance exercise (CRE) first and the following conditions in a randomized order, separated by >48 h: i) control (CON), ~45-min seated rest; ii) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), ~40-min arm cranking at a resistance equivalent to ~30% peak power output (PPO); and iii) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), ~30 min arm cranking with resistance alternating every 2 min between 10% PPO and 70% PPO. After each condition, participants completed a mixed-meal tolerance test consisting of a 2510-kJ liquid meal (35% fat, 50% carbohydrate, 15% protein). Blood and expired gas samples were collected at baseline and regular intervals for 150 min after a meal.

Results

An interaction (P < 0.001) was observed, with rates of lipid oxidation elevated above CON in HIIE until 60 min after a meal and in CRE at all postprandial time points up to 150 min after a meal. Postprandial blood glycerol was greater in MICE (P = 0.020) and CRE (P = 0.001) compared with CON. Furthermore, nonesterified fatty acid area under the curve had a moderate-to-strong effect in CRE versus MICE and HIIE (Cohen’s d = −0.76 and −0.50, respectively).

Conclusions

In persons with paraplegia, high-intensity exercise increased postprandial energy expenditure independent of the energy cost of exercise. Furthermore, exercise combining resistance and endurance modes (CRE) showed the greater effect on postprandial lipid oxidation.
Marching to Different Drum Beats: A Temporal Perspective on Coordinating Occupational Work
Authors: Oborn Eivor , Barrett Michael
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we contribute a temporal perspective on work coordination across collaborating occupations. Drawing on an ethnographic study of medical specialists—surgeons, pathologists, oncologists, and radiologists—we examine how their temporal orientations are shaped through the temporal structuring of occupational work. Our findings show that temporal structuring of occupational practices develop in relation to the contingencies and materialities of their work and that this shapes and is shaped by specialists’ temporal orientations. Further, we show that differences in occupations’ temporal orientations have important implications for coordinating work. More specifically, our study reveals how the domination of one temporal orientation can lead to recurrent strain, promoting a competitive trade-off between the different temporal orientations in guiding interaction. This temporal orientation domination is accompanied by a persistent emotional strain and potential conflict. Finally, we suggest that, alternatively, different temporal orientations can be resourced in solving coordination challenges through three interrelated mechanisms, namely juxtaposing, temporal working, and mutual adjusting. In so doing, we show how temporal resourcing can be productive in coordinating work.
A Link Queue Model of Network Traffic Flow
Authors: Jin Wen-Long
Published: January 2021

Fundamental to many transportation network studies, traffic flow models can be used to describe traffic dynamics determined by drivers’ car-following, lane-changing, merging, and diverging behaviors. In this study, we develop a deterministic queueing model of network traffic flow, in which traffic on each link is considered as a queue. In the link queue model (LQM), the demand and supply of a link queue are defined in the queue size (number of vehicles), and its in- and out-flows are computed from junction flux functions corresponding to macroscopic merging and diverging rules. The new model is a system of ordinary differential equations that is mathematically tractable and computationally efficient and can capture queue spillbacks and interactions among links. We further demonstrate that the LQM is fundamentally different from the cell transmission model (CTM) and link transmission model (LTM) for a road segment, a signalized ring road, and a diverge-merge network, with respect to the shock and rarefaction waves, network fundamental diagram, and stability property. In a sense, the new model is a space-continuous approximation of the kinematic wave model and can be a useful addition to the multiscale modeling framework of network traffic flow. The model has been applied to formulate and solve network traffic control and observation problems.
Evaluating the sensitivity, specificity and clinical utility of algorithms of spatial variation in sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) for the diagnosis of deep and early-stage pressure-induced tissue damage
Authors: Gershon Steve , Okonkwo Henry
Published: January 2021

Background:

Sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) is a measurable biomarker detecting early pressure damage in order to objectively support current ‘gold standard’ skin tissue assessments (STA) for the detection of deep and early-stage pressure-induced injuries or ulcers (PI/PUs).

Objective:

A multi-site, dual arm, cross sectional, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and clinical utility of spatial variation in SEM readings between healthy and damaged skin tissue.

Method:

The study enrolled 175 subjects: 125 with confirmed PI/PUs or suspected deep tissue injury (sDTI), and 50 confirmed healthy subjects. Expert principal investigators and PI/PU healthcare practitioners (HCPs) evaluating all subjects were trained in SEM measurements but blinded to clinical interpretation of SEM readings. Sequential and spatial SEM readings of the sacrum and heels, subjects' demographic data, STAs, risk assessment tool scores (RATS), pain assessment and potential confounders were recorded. Independent statistical analyses were performed.

Results:

Mean spatial SEM measures within subjects with healthy tissue and within subjects with damaged tissue were statistically similar. Mean spatial SEM measures within anatomies of subjects with damaged tissue were significantly different (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between spatial readings in healthy subjects. Algorithms computing a range of SEM delta thresholds indicated a sensitivity of 82–87% and a specificity of 51–88% at an SEM delta ≥0.6. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves computed areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.7809–0.9181 (95% CI: 0.7221–0.8817, 0.8397–0.9545, p<0.0001) exceeding clinical judgement.

Conclusion:

These SEM data augment clinical decision-making for developing intact skin PI/PUs including sDTIs and Stage I PI/PUs. Informing HCPs of this subclinical, non-visible skin and tissue damage and providing opportunities for alternative PI/PU care pathways is an exciting prospect.
Positron emission tomography study of effects of two pressure-relieving support surfaces on pressure ulcer development
Authors: Soppi Esa , Knuuti Juhani , Kalliokoski Kari
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To study the pathophysiological cascade of pressure ulcer (PU) development consisting of tissue deformation, inflammation and hypoxia.

Method:

In this crossover study, deformation was measured with computerised tomography (CT) linked with contact area reflecting immersion and envelopment. Inflammation and hypoxia were measured using subepidermal moisture (SEM), skin temperature and tissue perfusion with positron emission tomography. These variables were investigated under 90 minutes of pressure exposure caused by two functionally different support surfaces—a regular foam mattress and a minimum pressure air (MPA) mattress.

Results:

A total of eight healthy volunteers took part in the study. There was major tissue deformation when the participants lay on a foam mattress while the tissues retained their original shape on the MPA mattress (p<0.0001). During the pressure exposure, the skin temperature increased significantly on both support surfaces but the final temperature on the foam mattress was about 1oC higher than on the MPA mattress (p<0.0001). SEM increased on both support surfaces compared with an unexposed reference site, but the cause may be different between the two support surfaces. Tissue perfusion was lowest in the skin followed by subcutaneous tissues and highest in the muscles. The pressure exposure did not cause any substantial changes in perfusion. The results showed that tissue deformation was more pronounced, the support surface contact area (envelopment), was smaller and the skin temperature higher on the foam mattress than on the MPA mattress, without significant differences in tissue perfusion.

Conclusion:

In this study, the MPA mattress support surface had mechanobiological properties that counteracted tissue deformation and thereby may prevent PUs.
How are the Parents Involvement, Peers and Agreeableness Personality of Lecturers Related to Self-Regulated Learning?
Authors: Latipah Eva , Cahyo Hanif , Himawan Himawan
Published: January 2021

Student learning in higher education is influenced by parental involvement, peer support, and lecturers' perceptions of agreeableness. This research aims to examine the correlation between parental involvement, peer support, and the perception of personality agreeableness of lecturers on self-regulated learning (SRL) students. This research is a correlational field research model with a quantitative approach. The respondents of this research were 250 students of Yogyakarta State Islamic University who were obtained using a purposive random sampling technique. Data collection uses a scale of SRL, parent involvement, peer support, and perception of the agreeableness personality of the lecturer. Regression analysis is used as a data analysis technique. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between parental involvement with SRL, peer support with SRL, personality perception agreeableness lecturers with SRL, and parental involvement, peer support, and perceptual personality agreeableness of lecturers together with SRL with an effective contribution (R2) of 15.1%. It was concluded that the involvement of parents, peer support, and perception of personality agreeableness of lecturers related to SRL of students. Therefore, to see student SRL can be seen based on the involvement of parents, peer support, and students' perceptions of the personality agreeableness of their lecturers.
Strategies for Parental Involvement during Emergency Remote Teaching Scale: Its Psychometric Properties
Authors: Raguindin Princess Zarla J. , Lising Ruby Leah S. , Custodio Zhanina U.
Published: January 2021

Recently, Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) has caused a considerable interest in the school community due to the wide-scale lockdown brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The curriculum's alteration necessitated a call to explore mechanisms for effective remote instruction delivery—including parental involvement. This research determined the psychometric properties of the "Strategies for Parental Involvement during Emergency Remote Teaching - Scale (SPIERT-S). The tool assesses the strategies used by teachers to facilitate parental involvement during ERT. Through a thorough literature review, 22 items about home and school collaboration and ERT were initially developed. Evidence related to content validity was established through two-round expert consultation, while data related to construct validity were gathered through factor analyses. The content validity analysis resulted in the deletion of four (4) items; hence, 18 items were retained. A three-factor structure was yielded from Exploratory Factor Analysis (parents as facilitators of learning, parents as sources of information, and parents as collaborators), and a total of 15 items were retained. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable level of the goodness-of-fit indices measured. The internal consistency of the factors and the whole scale showed excellent reliability. The results suggest that the SPIERT-S has good, valid, and reliable psychometric qualities and can be used to examine the strategies for parental involvement that teachers utilize during emergency remote teaching. Recommendations and limitations of the study are discussed.
Pedagogies alternatives i pràctiques d’aula en educació
infantil: la veu dels docents
Authors: Benages-Garcia Laura , Sanahuja-Ribés Aida
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCCIÓ. El present article té com a propòsit indagar
sobre les pràctiques de trenta-cinc docents d’educació infantil que
desenvolupen pedagogies alternatives a l’aula en la província de
Castelló (Espanya). El que es pretén conèixer és: 1) Com treballen a
l’aula? Quines són les seues pràctiques, els espais d’aprenentatge,
la gestió del temps, els recursos que utilitzen, les estructures
d’agrupaments, els continguts curriculars, la metodologia i
l’avaluació? 2) Per què ho fan així? Quines creences, actituds,
valors, percepcions i experiències tenen? 3) Quin rol juguen els
infants i l’adult en les pedagogies alternatives? MÈTODE. La
metodologia ha sigut qualitativa. Es tracta d’un estudi descriptiu.
La informació s’ha recollit mitjançant trenta-cinc entrevistes
semiestructurades i s’ha analitzat mitjançant la ferramenta
ATLAS.ti. RESULTATS. Els resultats donen veu als docents d’educació
infantil, els quals expliquen com porten a terme les pràctiques
d’aula seguint els principis i elements de les pedagogies
alternatives. CONCLUSIÓ. En les conclusions es pot veure com els
docents es troben en un canvi per desenvolupar i materialitzar, en
la seua aula, els principis de les pedagogies alternatives. Tot açò
suposa un canvi de mirada cap a l’infant, per tal d’avançar cap a
l’escola que volen.
La mediación artística como estrategia de inclusión social
con juventud migrada
Authors: Tarragó-Diez Javiera Alejandra
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. Este artículo da cuenta de una investigación
acción llevada a cabo en un taller de teatro social con juventud
migrada en Barcelona. Se presenta al colectivo en cuestión, así como
la situación de exclusión social en la que se encuentran; se sitúa
el contexto de la intervención, el problema de investigación y los
objetivos. MÉTODO. La investigación es de carácter inductivo y la
metodología elegida es una fusión de investigación evaluativa con un
enfoque participativo y una investigación acción. El diseño de la
investigación se presenta en tres fases: diagnóstico, acción y
valoración. RESULTADOS. Se da cuenta de las necesidades de inclusión
social de la juventud, se propone un diseño de taller de teatro
social adaptado a esta realidad y se valora la pertinencia de la
mediación artística como herramienta de inclusión social.
CONCLUSIONES. Se reflexiona sobre los límites y la posibilidad de la
mediación artística, sobre las condiciones necesarias para llevar a
cabo un taller artístico en este contexto particular y se recopilan
algunas claves metodológicas para orientar a otros y otras
profesionales interesadas en la labor socioeducativa a través del
arte.
A silicon photonics processor for error-protected measurement-based quantum computing
Authors: Vigliar Caterina , Paesani Stefano , Ding Yunhong , Adcock Jeremy C. , Wang Jianwei , Morley-Short Sam , Bacco Davide , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Thompson Mark G. , Rarity John G. , Laing Anthony
Published: January 2021

The development of a silicon photonic chip for the generation and measurement of eight-qubit reconfigurable graph and hypergraph states is reported. Its performance is demonstrated through several measurement-based quantum computing protocols enhanced by error-correction encodings.
Self-imaging dynamics in nonlinear GRIN multimode optical fibers
Authors: Mangini F. , Hansson T. , Tonello A. , Mansuryan T. , Zitelli M. , Ferraro M. , Niang A. , Crescenzi R. , Wabnitz S. , Couderc V.
Published: January 2021

We study nonlinear self-imaging dynamics in graded-index multimode optical fibers. Side-scattering of light that accompanies the propagation of intense femtosecond pulses permits us to directly measure the self-imaging period.
Polarization resolution of a fiber-based supercontinuum spanning more than 2 octaves
Authors: Couture Nicolas , Ostic Rachel , Reddy P. Harshavardhan , Kar Ajoy Kumar , Paul Mukul Chandra , Ménard Jean-Michel
Published: January 2021

We present a novel broadband spectrometer that resolves an orthogonal set of linear polarization states. Our system reveals the frequency-dependent nature of depolarization mechanisms occurring in highly-nonlinear fibers.
Apodized Meta-Gratings for Visible- Wavelength Beam Shaping
Authors: Ropp Chad , Yulaev Alexander , Westly Daron A. , Simelgor Gregory , Aksyuk Vladimir
Published: January 2021

We design and experimentally demonstrate apodized photonic metamaterial gratings at 461 nm. Subdiffractive grating elements enable precise control of optical scattering and the projection of collimated Gaussian beams with waists greater than 100 µm.
Breakthrough instrument for a wide range, spectrally and angularly resolved light scattering measurement
Authors: Fouchier Marin , Zerrad Myriam , Lequime Michel , Amra Claude
Published: January 2021

Characterization of light scattering properties in thin-film optical components is critical for many applications. This paper presents a spectrophotometric instrument achieving wide range spectrally and angularly resolved measurements.
Extreme Raman-Induced Spectral Broadening in Nitrogen-Filled Hollow-Core Fibers
Authors: Piccoli R. , Carpeggiani P. A. , Jeong Y.-G. , Rovere A. , Morandotti R. , Coccia G. , Fan G. , Kaksis E. , Pugžlys A. , Baltuska A. , Schmidt B. E. , Voronin A. A. , Zheltikov A. , Razzari L.
Published: January 2021

We present an energy-efficient and scalable technique to realize energetic sub-100-fs pulses, continuously tunable in the 1030÷1730 nm range, by exploiting stimulated Raman scattering in long N2-filled hollow-core fibers.
Packaged, Fiber-Coupled Waveguide-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Sensor
Authors: Kita Derek , Michon Jérôme , Hu Juejun
Published: January 2021

We report a packaged, fiber-bonded waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) sensor that uses backscattered collection to filter the background on-chip. We compare waveguide geometries with respect to their filtering performance.
Single-Shot Spectral Sensor Based on a Multi-Pixel Near-Infrared Array
Authors: Hakkel Kaylee D. , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Pagliano Francesco , van Klinken Anne , Ou Fang , Liu Tianran , van Veldhoven Rene P. J. , Fiore Andrea
Published: January 2021

We present a chip-based near-infrared spectral sensor, consisting of an array of 16 resonant-cavityenhanced photodetectors. Its robustness, small dimensions and single-shot operation make this sensor suitable for portable spectroscopic applications.
Anti-Parity-Time Symmetry for Integrated Optical Sensing
Authors: De Carlo Martino , De Leonardis Francesco , Passaro Vittorio M. N.
Published: January 2021

The enhancement of the eigenfrequencies splitting at the exceptional point in parity-time symmetry has enabled new important possibilities for optical sensing. In this work we propose the use of anti-parity-time symmetry for refractive index sensing.
Long-period grating based single-mode fiber to multi-core fiber pump coupler
Authors: Sousa Liliana M. , Facão Margarida , Fernandes Gil M. , Nogueira Rogério N. , Rocha Ana M.
Published: January 2021

We theoretically demonstrate a long-period grating (LPG) based single-mode fiber to multi-core fiber coupler. The coupling efficiency achieved was 24% of the input power, evenly distributed by all cores, using LPGs of length 4 cm.
Fiber-based Radial Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Sorter
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Li Junhui , Gao Li , Lan Mingying
Published: January 2021

Mach-Zehnder interferometer cascade made of couplers and graded index fibers, exploiting Gouy phase variation introduced by the latter, demonstrates capability of Laguerre-Gaussian mode demultiplexing by the radial quantum number.
Hologram digital correction for Digital lensless Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Trujillo C.
Published: January 2021

A preprocessing method for Digital lensless Holographic Microscopy based on the resizing and sharpening of the holograms prior reconstruction is presented. This proposal has been successfully validated using experimental holograms.
Holographic particle localization using beam propagation method
Authors: Tahir Waleed , Tian Lei
Published: January 2021

We present a novel method for large-scale 3D particle localization from single-shot in-line holography using a multiple-scattering based multi-slice beam propagation model.
Digital holographic profilometry with fast data acquisition
Authors: Mikuła-Zdańkowska Marta , Kozacki Tomasz , Martinez-Carranza Juan , Idicula Moncy
Published: January 2021

New holographic profilometry method based on single frame multi-interference hologram acquisition is proposed. It allows to reduce a measurement time while maintaining high measurement range and axial accuracy. Experimental verification is provided.
Optical Trapping-Cavity Ringdown and Raman Spectroscopy for Characterization of Single Extraterrestrial Dust Particles
Authors: Alali Haifa , Gong Zhiyong , Videen Gorden , Pan Yong-Le , Wang Chuji
Published: January 2021

The optical trapping was integrated with cavity ringdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to gain information on the physicochemical properties of single extraterrestrial dusts. Results were obtained with minimum to no external interferences.
Reflectionless wavepackets in non-Hermitian disordered lattices
Authors: Tzortzakakis A. F. , Makris K. G. , Rotter S. , Economou E. N.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate how to eliminate the effects of both diagonal and off-diagonal disorder in photonic non-Hermitian lattices. By adjusting the imaginary part of index modulation we achieve shape-preserving beam transmission across the random region.
RETRACTED: Higher-Order Topological Insulators in Nanophotonic Smart-Patterns
Authors: Safaei Alireza , Myerson-Jain Nayan E. , Haque Md Farhadul , Hughes Taylor L. , Bahl Gaurav
Published: January 2021

We experimentally demonstrate higher-order topological insulators in smart-patterned photonic nanostructures. The arrays are constructed with silicon nanopillars and measured by scanning near-field optical microscopy.
EIT-based third-harmonic generation using all-dielectric metasurfaces modulated by phase-change materials
Authors: Zhu Muliang , Abdollahramezani Sajjad , Adibi Ali
Published: January 2021

We numerically design an EIT-based amorphous silicon metasurface controlled with a GST-based Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity to establish a unique multi-level third harmonic generation switch with a maximum modulation depth of ~70 dB at the resonant band.
Linearized Phase-Modulated Optical Analog Links using Interferometric Detection and Sum-Frequency Generation
Authors: Reilly D. R. , Kanter G. S.
Published: January 2021

We analyze using sum-frequency generation as a tool to linearize photonic links. Interferometrically demodulated links can show a 6.8 dB increased dynamic range over 500 MHz bandwidth with a sub-3 dB reduction in noise figure.
GHz-Fast Multiplexed OAM Generation and Detection
Authors: Ye Jiachi , Solyanik Maria , Miscuglio Mario , Sorger Volker J.
Published: January 2021

Here we propose an adaptive and intelligent scheme of multiplexed Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)-based GHz-fast and robust transmissions of a noisy channel and demonstrate its functionality propagating two OAM beams using a slosh water tank.
Patterning and Tuning the Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Oxide Films by Laser Scribing
Authors: Bonando M. G. , Fernandes N. M. M. , e Silva C. C. C. , de Matos C. J. S. , Saito L. A. M.
Published: January 2021

We present a comparison of three laser setups for the photothermal production of reduced graphene oxide thin films on a nitrocellulose membrane. The lowest electrical resistance obtained was 800Ω, which is attractive for conductive applications.
A novel approach to the characterization of direct-laser written waveguides
Authors: Alberucci Alessandro , Alasgarzade Namig , Chambonneau Maxime , Blothe Markus , Kämmer Helena , Matthäus Gabor , Jisha Chandroth P. , Nolte Stefan
Published: January 2021

We introduce a new approach to the characterization of optical waveguides written in transparent materials using ultrashort pulses. When applied to Silicon, our method shows that the waveguides are W-shaped.
Responses of transparent dielectrics to Gaussian-focus and Bessel-beam laser machining with single, ultrashort pulses
Authors: Canfield Brian K. , Terekhov Alexander , Costa Lino
Published: January 2021

We discuss and compare the material response of various transparent dielectrics (glasses, polymers, and crystalline substrates) to single-pulse Gaussian-focus and Bessel-beam laser micromachining for a range of pulse lengths from 0.3–10 ps.
Ion mass effect on stability of hole-boring laser ion acceleration regime
Authors: Voytovich Daria A. , Korzhimanov Artem V.
Published: January 2021

We show that a hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration is unstable in near-criticaldensity plasmas and that a threshold electron density increases with an ion mass-to-charge ratio.
Exciton-Polaron Interplay in 2D perovskites
Authors: Gatto L. , Folpini G. , Crippa G. , Cortecchia D. , Devetta M. , Vozzi C. , Petrozza A. , Stagira S. , Cinquanta E.
Published: January 2021

We exploited ultrafast THz spectroscopy to explore the carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite and estimate the transient dielectric properties. The conductivity spectra show the presence of polaronic carriers diluted in an excitonic bath.
Photoluminescence and Third Harmonic Generation in Directly-Grown MoS2 and WS2 Exposed-Core Fibers
Authors: Ngo Gia Quyet , George Antony , Schock Robin Klaus Tristan , Tuniz Alessandro , Najafidehaghani Emad , Geib Nils C. , Bucher Tobias , Knopf Heiko , Neumann Christof , Lühder Tilman , Warren-Smith Stephen , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike , Turchanin Andrey , Schmidt Markus , Eilenberger Falk
Published: January 2021

We use exposed core optical fibers, coated with single-layer MoS2 and WS2 crystals, grown in place, to demonstrate in-fiber exciton excitation, photoluminescence collection, and enhanced third harmonic generation.
Maximal Attainable Equilibrium Temperature of Ideal Spectral Selective Solar Light Absorbers
Authors: Chen Jinnan , Guo Junpeng
Published: January 2021

Maximal attainable equilibrium temperatures are calculated for ideal spectral selective solar light absorbers by a new angular dependence of the surface thermal emission model. The highest equilibrium temperature of 2204 K is predicted.
Thin Film GaAs Photodetector Integrated on Silicon using Ultra-Thin Ge Buffer Layer for Visible Photonics Applications
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: January 2021

GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector epitaxially grown on Si is demonstrated. The growth of GaAs is carried out using low temperature ultra-thin Ge interlayers. Results show a remarkable photoresponsivity value of (0.54 ± 0.15) A/W at 5 V reverse bias, and 850 nm.
Programmable Axial Spectral Evolution of Space-Time Wavepackets
Authors: Allende Motz Alyssa M. , Yessenov Murat , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: January 2021

Controllable axial spectral encoding is shown via selective amplitude-modulation of a space-time wave packet. Arbitrarily-varying spectra along the optic axis could act as a ‘spectral stamp,’ with potential applications in axial rangefinding or remote-sensing.
High-Quality Factor Micro- and Nano-scale Lithographic Cavity for VCSELs
Authors: Apaydın Doğukan , Kurt Hamza , Demir Abdullah
Published: January 2021

We analyze a lithographically defined cavity (Li-cavity) suitable for VCSELs. It provides high quality-factor, wide-range wavelength tunability and large-area single-mode operation by engineering its geometry, opening the way to novel VCSEL devices.
Ultra-slim, wide field-of-view single lens cameras with designs inspired by an aquatic animal
Authors: Lee Gil Ju , Kim Min Sung , Choi Changsoon , Kim Min Seok , Kim Dae-Hyeong , Song Young Min
Published: January 2021

We present that aquatic-vision-inspired camera with unique optical features of ultra-slim, wide field-of-view, and high resolution based on hemispherical photodiode array and tailored monocentric lens.
Polarization hole burning and polarization self-rotation in acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Rodriguez Nayeli Casillas , Stepanov Serguei , Hernández. Eliseo Hernández
Published: January 2021

We report polarization ellipse self-rotation and polarization hole-burning in the acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber in spectral range 1520–1540 nm. P5 oscillation rotation line demonstrated the strongest results that are in agreement with classical model.
Theory for Single-Shot Measurements of Nonlinear Refraction, Absorption and Scattering Coefficients in Turbid Media
Authors: Amaral Anderson M. , Jorge Kelly C. , de Araújo Cid B. , de S. Menezes Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Disordered media is often susceptible to optical damage, as in biological materials. We discuss here how the Scattered Light Imaging Method can be used as a tool to characterize nonlinear coefficients using single laser shots.
Quantum State Estimation from Partial Tomography Data Using a Stack of Machine Learning Models and Imputation
Authors: Danaci Onur , Lohani Sanjaya , Kirby Brian T , Brodsky Michael , Glasser Ryan T
Published: January 2021

Reconstruction of two-qubit systems typically performed using 36 coincidence measurements. We trained an ensemble of CNN & XGBoost ML models, employed imputation to demonstrate high-fidelity state estimation when multiple measurements are missing.
Optimizing SPDC soures for a quantum advantage
Authors: van der Meer R. , Renema J. J. , Brecht B. , Silberhorn C. , Pinkse P. W. H.
Published: January 2021

We optimize the design of spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources for a photonic quantum advantage by finding the upper bound to the number of photons that can meaningfully interfere given the intrinsic imperfections of such sources.
Real-Time Shaping of Entangled Photons by Classical Control and Feedback
Authors: Lib Ohad , Hasson Giora , Bromberg Yaron
Published: January 2021

We present a novel method for compensating scattering of entangled photons in real-time, by using feedback from the classical pump beam that stimulates their creation, paving the way for implementing wavefront shaping in quantum technologies.
Anomalous Coherence Changes in Radiation and Scattering
Authors: Wadood S. A. , Vamivakas A. Nick , Schouten Hugo F. , Fischer David G. , Visser Taco D.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate that two strongly correlated sources may generate a field with practically zero correlation between certain pairs of points. We argue that this is a general phenomenon in radiation and scattering.
Spectral vector beams for high-speed spectroscopy
Authors: Kopf Lea , Ruano Juan Deop , Stolt Timo , Bouchard Frédéric , Huttunen Mikko J. , Fickler Robert
Published: January 2021

We introduce a novel method to generate a beam with frequency-dependent polarization, i.e. a spectral vector beam. Such beams allow determining the frequency spectrum by only measuring polarization, which can reach GHz read-out rates.
Demonstration of Diffraction-free Incoherent Space-time Fields Propagating 110 Meters
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Hall Layton , Bhaduri Basanta , Reyes Danielle , Pena Jessica , Meem Monjurul , Fairchild Shermineh Rostami , Schepler Kenneth L. , Menon Rajesh , Richardson Martin , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: January 2021

We investigate the properties of an incoherent spatio-temporally structured field including its propagation-invariant nature and the effect of the aperture for extended propagation distances.
Super-resolution hollow beams with long depth of focus formed by diffractive optical elements
Authors: Xu Ning , Tan Qiaofeng
Published: January 2021

We generate the super-resolution hollow beams with long depth of focus (DOF) by diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The hollow beams can provide great flexibility by controlling spot size and DOF through the DOEs parameters.
Splitting Microresonator Modes with the Kerr-Nonlinearity
Authors: Ghalanos George N. , Silver Jonathan M. , Del Bino Leonardo , Moroney Niall , Zhang Shuangyou , Woodley Michael T. M. , Svela Andreas Ø. , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: January 2021

We observe two-fold and three-fold splitting of optical modes in ultra-high-Q microresonators induced by the Kerr effect. This can be used for applications that require multiple resonances with precisely controlled offset.
Majorana Representation and Hidden Symmetries of Structured-Gaussian Beams
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cuevas R. , Wadood S. A. , Vamivakas A. N. , Alonso M. A.
Published: January 2021

The Majorana representation is shown to stand as the proper extension of the modal-Poincare sphere to higher-order structured-Gaussian modes. This representation reveals their hidden symmetries and the presence of continuous or discrete geometric phases.
Sudden Freezing and Sudden Thawing of Entanglement in Multi-Party Jaynes-Cummings Dynamics
Authors: Ding Y. , Xie S. , Eberly J. H.
Published: January 2021

The dynamical responses of two qubits jointly interacting with the same cavity mode are studied. New dynamical quantum phenomena labeled Entanglement Sudden Freezing and Entanglement Sudden Thawing are discovered by analyzing the normalized Schmidt weights.
Highly-Efficient Extraction of Single Photons from Single SiV Centers in Diamond Using Plasmonic Nanoantenna
Authors: Fradkin Ilya M. , Agio Mario , Fedyanin Dmitry Yu.
Published: January 2021

Diamond-based single-photon sources suffer from poor collection efficiency. Here, we present a plasmonic nanoantenna that gives the possibility to overcome this problem and extract about 90% of photons emitted by a silicon vacancy in diamond.
Irradiation of Nanostrained Monolayer WSe2 for Site-Controlled Single-Photon Emission up to 150K
Authors: Parto Kamyar , Banerjee Kaustav , Moody Galan
Published: January 2021

Utilizing strain and defect engineering techniques, a novel method of designing site-specific single-photon emitters in 2D-WSe2 is developed that achieves emitters with high-yield, purities above 95%, and extended working temperatures up to 150 K.
Polarization control of terahertz wave using metallic helix photonic metamaterial
Authors: Tripathi Saroj R. , Hashimoto Kazuma , Tomita Hiroya
Published: January 2021

We developed a broadband terahertz wave circular polarizer using 2-dimensional array of metallic helix metamaterial and we found that the polarizer transmits circularly polarized THz wave in the frequency range of 150 - 250 GHz.
Hot-carrier dynamics of type-II InAs/AlAs1-xSbx quantum wells
Authors: Piyathilaka Herath P. , Sooriyagoda Rishmali , Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Whiteside Vince R. , Mishima Tetsuya D. , Santos Michael B. , Sellers Ian R. , Bristow Alan D.
Published: January 2021

Photoexcited carrier relaxation dynamics were investigated using AC photoconductivity in type-II quantum wells. Meta stability of excited carriers were observed to arise due to electron-phonon interactions.
Time Domain Spectroscopy through Broadband Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Crippa G. , Faccialà D. , Geetha P. Prasannan , Pusala A. , Bonanomi M. , Cinquanta E. , Ciriolo A. G. , Devetta M. , Gatto L. , Vozzi C. , Stagira S.
Published: January 2021

We report on the implementation of time-domain spectroscopy through broadband Four-Wave Mixing in the study of roto-vibrational excitation of hydrocarbons by resonant high-energy mid-IR pulses.
Arbitrary sequenced spin control of a Quantum Dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Farfurnik Demitry , Pettit Robert M. , Luo Zhouchen , Ravan Shantam M. , Waks Edo
Published: January 2021

We study the spin dynamics of Quantum Dots under an optical field modulated at the full operation range of a temperature-stabilized electro optical modulator, and spin manipulation capabilities for dots strongly coupled to L3 cavities.
High-power, high-coherence mmWave generation based on integrated microresonator solitons
Authors: Wang Beichen , Morgan Jesse S. , Sun Keye , Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Woodson Madison , Estrella Steven , Beling Andreas , Yi Xu
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate millimeter-wave generation at 100 GHz through direct photodetection of microresonator solitons. Our method produces 6 dB gain in power and reduces the linewidth by two orders of magnitude compared to conventional heterodyne de-tection.
High-Q Ultrasensitive Spiral-Based Coupled-Resonator Device on a Si3N4 Platform for Sensing Applications
Authors: Wu Xi , Fan Tianren , Eftekhar Ali A. , Hosseinnia Amir H. , Adibi Ali
Published: January 2021

We report high-Q ultrasensitive Si3N4 racetrack-spiral and spiral-spiral coupled-resonator devices with bulk sensitivity of 132 nm/RIU for sensing applications. We demonstrate Qs of 560,000 (263,000) at ~1300 nm wavelength with air (water) cladding.
Circulated Modulation Enhancement of Ghost Imaging based on Group-based Sparse Representation
Authors: Yang Dongyue , Wu Guohua , Chang Chen , Luo Bin , Yin Longfei
Published: January 2021

When regarding the image to be sparsely represented by groups, we propose a novel modulation method in ghost imaging to achieve high sampling efficiency and image quality. Simulation results perform the advantage of this method.
Controlling Atomic Qubits with Electromagnetic Vortices
Authors: Afanasev Andrei
Published: January 2021

We predict behavior of atomic qubits in response to electromagnetic vortices, known as twisted photons: They can induce △m=±2 transitions between atomic levels and Zeeman sub-levels, while suppressing △m=±1 transitions only allowed for plane waves.
Simulating Quantum Wavepackets with Non-Diffracting Pendulum Beams
Authors: Galvez Enrique J. , Freedman Jake M. , Motee Anupama
Published: January 2021

Exploiting similarities between the Schrödinger and Helmholtz equations we prepare optical beams that simulate quantum solutions of the simple mechanical pendulum. We did laboratory investigations of optical patterns that correlated with the probabilities in the quantum pendulum. Coherent superpositions of modes simulated quantum wavepackets in the linear-harmonic-oscillator and nonlinear-Mathieu regimes.
Manipulating two-photon absorption of cavity polaritons by entangled photon
Authors: Gu Bing , Mukamel Shaul
Published: January 2021

Two-photon excitations of a polaritonic system with many molecules in an optical cavity can be manipulated by quantum light. The photon entanglement modifies the quantum interference of transition pathways with different intermediate polaritons.
Magnetic Fields for Phonons Through Nano-Optomechanical Interactions
Authors: Slim J.J. , Pino J. del , Mathew J.P. , Verhagen E.
Published: January 2021

We establish synthetic magnetic fields for nanomechanical transport by modulating optomechanical interactions. We show that the controlled breaking of time-reversal symmetry leads to chirality in the system’s eigenmodes, transport and thermodynamics.
Silicon Photonic MEMS Phase Shifter Using Gradient Electric Force Actuation
Authors: Deenadayalan Venkatesh , van Niekerk Matthew , Fanto Michael , Preble Stefan
Published: January 2021

A foundry-compatible MEMs phase shifter for silicon photonic circuits that works with a low electro-static actuation voltage of 12V to produce an overall phase shift of 1.53π is presented in this paper.
Multiphoton Light-sheet Microscopy at Optimal Pulse Frequency for Fast In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Maioli Vincent , Boniface Antoine , Mahou Pierre , Ortas Júlia Ferrer , Abdeladim Lamiae , Beaurepaire Emmanuel , Supatto Willy
Published: January 2021

Light-sheet illumination improves multiphoton imaging speed. By optimizing laser pulse frequency using the quantification of photodamage in embryos, we demonstrate an order-of-magnitude signal increase in live two-photon light-sheet imaging.
Imaging Applications of Time-Domain Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Velsink Matthias C. , Amitonova Lyubov V. , Pinkse Pepijn W. H.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate grid scanning of an ultrashort pulse at the output of a multi-mode fiber by temporally shaping the input pulse in a single spatial mode. Our method has applications in nonlinear endoscopic imaging.
Photonic Radar-based Tracking of Automotive Multiple-Targets
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Kbashi Hani J , Sergeyev Sergey
Published: January 2021

This work demonstrates a frequency-modulated continuous-wave photonic-radar under fog and rain considering multipath propagation of the radar signals to measure the simultaneous range and speed of multiple mobile-targets unambiguously.
PQ:PMMA Holographic Wavelength Division Multiplexing Filters For Use in Monocular Passive Ranging and Free Space Optical Communications
Authors: Gamboa Julian , Vonckx Joseph , Fouda Mohamed , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate the use of angle multiplexed holograms for wavelength division multiplexing in free space optical communications, with application to absorption based monocular passive ranging using three simultaneous and superimposed spectral filters.
Instance Image Classification with Laser
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Zhou WenJing , Poon Ting-Chung
Published: January 2021

In this research, we propose a novel visual task named instance image classification to achieve the instance based image classification that has not been achieved easily in otherwise using current imaging or computer vision methods. The research involves the use of projection a laser on an object. The projected laser pattern is extracted from the image using Faster RCNN object detection detector. The extracted image is further subjected to a Inception V3 network for classification. Our results show that the proposed technique is able to achieve high accuracy of instance based image classification. The proposed method has a wide range of applications for self-driving, robotics, and automation.
Hybrid Autoencoder for Low-light and Adversarially-robust Imaging
Authors: Muminov Baurzhan , Vuong Luat T.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate an optics pipeline for classical computer-vision autoencoders, which are a reliable de-noising defense against adversarial attacks. With vortex Fourier encoding, we show results with 10 nJ/cm2 illumination.
Adaptive gating of an intensified single photon camera
Authors: Szuniewicz Jerzy , Rusakov Konstantin , Firlik Grzegorz , Lapkiewicz Radek
Published: January 2021

Single photon sensitive cameras are extensively used in modern optics. Intensified cameras provide high spatial resolution and sub-nanosecond gating possibility, but suffer from low duty cycle and high acquisition times when used for observation of random processes. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a setup in which the number of photons detected within each frame can be controlled. We achieve this by gating the image intensifier adaptively depending on the number of detected events. The use of our system can increase the data acquisition rate and therefore enable photon counting experiments which were not feasible using standard intensified cameras.
Time-Wavelength Optical Sampling under Low Light
Authors: Soundararajan Srikamal J. , Duan Lingze
Published: January 2021

Time-wavelength optical sampling (TWOS) is compared with the conventional time-stretched spectroscopy (TSS) with direct photodetection under the low-light limit, where reliable measurement begins to be compromised due to the loss of optical power.
Accurate and fast modeling of scattering from random arrays of nanoparticles using the discrete dipole approximation and angular spectrum method
Authors: Baker Maryam , Liu Weilin , McLeod Euan
Published: January 2021

The angular spectrum method is commonly used to reconstruct images in lens-free digital holography and to design metasurfaces. For nanostructured objects, we show the range of cases for which this approach provides accurate results.
Weighing an Optically Trapped Microsphere in Thermal Equilibrium with Air
Authors: Hillberry Logan E. , Xu Yi , Miki-Silva Sebastian , Alvarez Gabriel H. , Orenstein Julia E. , Ha Harry , Ether Diney S. , Raizen Mark G.
Published: January 2021

We compare three methods for weighing a silica microsphere optically trapped in air. The first is based on spectral analysis. The second and third leverage the equipartition theorem, are 10-times faster, and exhibit comparable uncertainties.