bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fenebrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks distinct human microglial signaling pathways
Authors: Langlois Julie , Lange Simona , Ebeling Martin , Macnair Will , Schmucki Roland , Li Cenxiao , DeGeer Jonathan , Sudharshan Tania J. J. , Yong V. Wee , Shen Yun-An , Harp Christopher , Collin Ludovic , Keaney James
Published: October 2024

Background

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling enzyme that regulates B-lymphocyte and myeloid cell functions. Due to its involvement in both innate and adaptive immune compartments, BTK inhibitors have emerged as a therapeutic option in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Brain-penetrant, small-molecule BTK inhibitors may also address compartmentalized neuroinflammation, which is proposed to underlie MS disease progression. BTK is expressed by microglia, which are the resident innate immune cells of the brain; however, the precise roles of microglial BTK and impact of BTK inhibitors on microglial functions are still being elucidated. Research on the effects of BTK inhibitors has been limited to rodent disease models. This is the first study reporting effects in human microglia.

Methods

Here we characterize the pharmacological and functional properties of fenebrutinib, a potent, highly selective, noncovalent, reversible, brain-penetrant BTK inhibitor, in human microglia and complex human brain cell systems, including brain organoids.

Results

We find that fenebrutinib blocks the deleterious effects of microglial Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) activation, including cytokine and chemokine release, microglial clustering and neurite damage in diverse human brain cell systems. Gene expression analyses identified pathways linked to inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase production and cholesterol metabolism that were modulated by fenebrutinib treatment. In contrast, fenebrutinib had no significant impact on human microglial pathways linked to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling or myelin phagocytosis.

Conclusions

Our study enhances the understanding of BTK functions in human microglial signaling that are relevant to MS pathogenesis and suggests that fenebrutinib could attenuate detrimental microglial activity associated with FcγR activation in people with MS.
Study curing of epoxy resin by Isophoronediamine/ Triethylenetetramine and reinforced with montmorillonite and effect on compressive strength
Authors: Soliman Soliman Mehawed Abdellatif , Abdelhakim Mohab , Sabaa Magdy Wadid
Published: October 2024

Epoxy is a widely used thermosetting resin recognized for its exceptional performance in adhesives, coatings, and various other applications, attributed to its high tensile strength, stiffness, electrical performance, and chemical resistance. Epoxy-clay nanocomposites are extensively employed across diverse industries. The physical and chemical properties of these nanocomposites are influenced by the processing methods, clay modifiers, and curing agents used during their preparation. In this study, epoxy/nanoclay composites based on Diglycidyl Ether Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) will be cross-linked using Isophorone Diamine (IPD), a cycloaliphatic amine, and Triethylenetetramine (TETA), a linear aliphatic amine. The initial phase of the research will assess the impact of different types of cross-linkers, both individually and in combination at various molar ratios (such as Isophorone Diamine: Triethylenetetramine (IPA: TETA) / 25:75 and 75:25), on the compressive strength of the epoxy mortar. In the subsequent phase, the epoxy formulation with an Isophorone Diamine: Triethylenetetramine (IPD: TETA / 75:25), which demonstrates the highest compressive strength, will be selected for further investigation. This formulation will be used to evaluate the effects of different weight percentages (3%, 5%, and 7%) of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The prepared epoxy composites will be characterized using a range of techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The epoxy/nanoclay composite with an IPD: TETA / 75:25 and 3 wt % OMMT is expected to show the highest compressive strength, which is 94 MPa.
From host individual traits to community structure and composition: Bartonella infection insights
Authors: Cruz Gabriella Lima Tabet , Gonçalves-Oliveira Jonathan , de Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , D’Andrea Paulo Sergio , de Andreazzi Cecilia Siliansky
Published: October 2024

Background

Phylogeny, combined with trait-based measures, offers insights into parasite sharing among hosts. However, the specific traits that mediate transmission and the aspects of host community diversity that most effectively explain parasite infection rates remain unclear, even for the Bartonella genus, a vector-borne bacteria that causes persistent blood infections in vertebrates.

Methods

This study investigated the association between rodent host traits and Bartonella infection, as well as how rodent community diversity affects the odds of infection in the Atlantic Forest, using generalized linear models. Additionally, we assessed how host traits and phylogenetic similarities influence Bartonella infection among mammal species in Brazil. To this end, rodents were sampled from ten municipalities in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Then, we calculated several diversity indices for each community, including Rényi’s diversity profiles, Fisher’s alpha, Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ), Functional Diversity (FDis), Functional Richness (FRic), and Functional Evenness (FEve). Finally, we compiled a network encompassing all known interactions between mammal species and Bartonella lineages recorded in Brazil.

Results

We found no significant relationship between diversity indices and the odds of Bartonella infection in rodent communities. Furthermore, there was no statistical support for the influence of individual-level traits (e.g., body length, sex, and age) or species-level ecological traits (e.g., locomotor habitat, dietary guild, and activity period) on Bartonella infection in rodents. A country-scale analysis, considering all mammal species, revealed no effect of host traits or phylogeny on Bartonella infection.

Conclusions

This study highlighted wild mammals that share Bartonella lineages with livestock, synanthropic, and domestic animals, underscoring the complexity of their maintenance cycle within the One Health framework. A key question arising from our findings is whether molecular host–cell interactions outweigh host body mass and ecological traits in influencing Bartonella infection, potentially opening new avenues for understanding host–parasite relationships and infection ecology.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of green coffee on miR-133a, miR-155 and inflammatory biomarkers in obese individuals
Authors: Khedr Naglaa F. , Zahran Enas S. , Ebeid Abla M. , Melek Samuel T. , Werida Rehab H.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The current study was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study that aimed to determine the impact of green coffee (GC) in obese patients with metabolic syndrome through analysis of miRNA-155, miRNA-133a and the inflammatory biomarkers such as resistin, TNF-α, total sialic acid, homocysteine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin.

Methods

One hundred-sixty obese patients were randomly supplemented either with GC capsules (800 mg) or placebo daily for six months. Both groups were advised to take a balanced diet. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after six months of supplementation.

Results

GC supplementation for 6 months reduced BMI (p = 0.002), waist circumference (p = 0.038), blood glucose (p = 0.002), HbA1c% (p = 0.000), Insulin (p = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), diastolic BP (p = 0.001) compared with placebo. GC significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC, p = 0.000), LDL-C (p = 0.001), triglycerides (TG, p = 0.002) and increased HDL-C (p = 0.008) compared with placebo group. In addition, GC significantly (p ≤ 0.005) reduced total sialic acid, homocysteine, resistin, TNF-α, hs-CRP and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), but increased serum adiponectin (p = 0.000) compared to placebo group. There was a significant reduction in the gene expression of miR-133a (p = 0.000) in GC group as compared with baseline levels and with the control placebo group (p = 0.001) after 6 months.

Conclusion

GC administration modulated metabolic syndrome by decreasing BMI, high BP, blood glucose, dyslipidemia, miRNA-133a and inflammatory biomarkers that constitute risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

ClinicalTrials.gov registration No. is NCT05688917.

Graphical Abstract
The silent predictors: exploring galectin-3 and Irisin’s tale in severe COVID-19
Authors: Nikolic Valentina N. , Popadic Višeslav , Jankovic Slobodan M. , Govedarović Nenad , Vujić Stevan , Andjelković Jelica , Stosic Lazar S. , Stevanović Nikola Č. , Zdravkovic Marija , Todorovic Zoran
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the roles of galectin-3 and irisin as biomarkers in predicting severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Results

We analyzed serum levels of galectin-3 and irisin in 59 patients with severe COVID-19 and 30 healthy controls. Elevated galectin-3 levels were associated with increased risks of mortality, need for intensive care, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The optimal cut-off value for galectin-3 was 13.47 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 76.6%. Irisin levels did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors at admission or on the 3rd day post-admission, but approached significance on the 7th day. These findings suggest that galectin-3 could be a valuable prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19 outcomes, while irisin’s role remains to be clarified in further studies.
Sex differences in sleep deficits in mice with an autism-linked Shank3 mutation
Authors: Medina Elizabeth , Rempe Michael J. , Muheim Christine , Schoch Hannah , Singletary Kristan , Ford Kaitlyn , Peixoto Lucia
Published: October 2024

Background

Insomnia is more prevalent in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), can worsen core-symptoms and reduces quality of life of both individuals and caregivers. Although ASD is four times more prevalent in males than females, less is known about sex specific sleep differences in autistic individuals. Recent ASD studies suggest that sleep problems may be more severe in females, which aligns with the sex bias seen in insomnia for the general population. We have previously shown that male mice with a mutation in the high confidence ASD gene Shank3, Shank3∆C, recapitulate most aspects of the ASD insomnia phenotype. The objective of the present study was to leverage the Shank3∆C model to investigate sex-specific effects in sleep using polysomnography.

Methods

Adult male and female Shank3∆C and wildtype (WT) littermates were first recorded for 24 h of baseline recordings. Subsequently, they were sleep deprived (SD) for five hours via gentle handling and allowed 19 h of recovery sleep to characterize the homeostatic response to SD. Vigilance states (rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wake) were assigned by manual inspection using SleepSign. Data processing, statistical analysis and visualization were conducted using MATLAB.

Results

Sex and genotype effects were found during baseline sleep and after SD. At baseline, male Shank3∆C mice sleep less during the dark period (active phase) while female Shank3∆C mice sleep less during the light period (rest phase) and sleep more during the dark period. Both male and female Shank3∆C mice show reduced spectral power in NREM sleep. We detect a significant effect of sex and genotype in sleep onset latency and homeostatic sleep pressure (sleepiness). In addition, while male Shank3∆C mice fail to increase sleep time following SD as seen in WT, female Shank3∆C mice decrease sleep time.

Conclusions

Overall, our study demonstrates sex differences in sleep architecture and homeostatic response to SD in adult Shank3∆C mice. Thus, our study demonstrates an interaction between sex and genotype in Shank3∆C mice and supports the use of the Shank3∆C model to better understand mechanisms contributing to the sex differences in insomnia in ASD in clinical populations.
Advances in adoptive cellular immunotherapy and therapeutic breakthroughs in multiple myeloma
Authors: Pu Jingjing , Liu Ting , Sharma Amit , Jiang Liping , Wei Feng , Ren Xiubao , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. , Hou Jian
Published: October 2024

The basic idea of modulating the immune system to better recognize and fight tumor cells has led to the successful introduction of adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACT). ACT-based treatment regimens, in which the patient's own immune cells are isolated and subsequently expanded (ex vivo) and reinfused, have also contributed significantly to the development of a personalized treatment strategy. Complementing this, the unprecedented advances in ACTs as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and their derivatives such as CAR-NK, CAR-macrophages, CAR-γδT and CAR-NKT have further maximized the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the development of ACTs in multiple myeloma (MM) and outline how they have evolved from an experimental form to a mainstay of standard clinical settings. Besides, we provide insights into cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) therapy, an alternative form of ACT that (as CIK or CAR-CIK) has enormous potential in the clinical spectrum of MM. We also summarize the results of the major preclinical and clinical studies of adoptive cell therapy in MM and address the current challenges (such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity) that limit its complete success in the cancer landscape.
Landscape transcriptomic analysis of bovine follicular cells during key phases of ovarian follicular development
Authors: Mogollón García Henry David , de Andrade Ferrazza Rodrigo , Ochoa Julian Camilo , de Athayde Flávia Florencio , Vidigal Pedro Marcus Pereira , Wiltbank Milo , Kastelic John Patrick , Sartori Roberto , Ferreira João Carlos Pinheiro
Published: October 2024

Background

There are many gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in ovarian follicular development in cattle, particularly regarding follicular deviation, acquisition of ovulatory capacity, and preovulatory changes. Molecular evaluations of ovarian follicular cells during follicular development in cattle, especially serial transcriptomic analyses across key growth phases, have not been reported. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing gene expression using RNA-seq in granulosa and antral cells recovered from ovarian follicular fluid during critical phases of ovarian follicular development in Holstein cows.

Results

Integrated analysis of gene ontology (GO), gene set enrichment (GSEA), protein–protein interaction (PPI), and gene topology identified that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the largest ovarian follicles at deviation (Dev) were primarily involved in FSH-negative feedback, steroidogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the prevention of early follicle rupture. In contrast, DEGs in the second largest follicles (DevF2) were mainly related to loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and immune cell invasion. In the dominant (PostDev) and preovulatory (PreOv) follicles, DEGs were associated with vascular changes and inflammatory responses.

Conclusions

The transcriptome of ovarian follicular fluid cells had a predominance of granulosa cells in the dominant follicle at deviation, with upregulation of genes involved in cell viability, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis prevention, whereas in the non-selected follicle there was upregulation of cell death-related transcripts. Immune cell transcripts increased significantly after deviation, particularly in preovulatory follicles, indicating strong intrafollicular chemotactic activity. We inferred that immune cell invasion occurred despite an intact basal lamina, contributing to follicular maturation.

Graphical Abstract
Engaging nursing home residents in clinical research: insights from a patient advisory board, a patient advocate, and a study team
Authors: Böbel Simone , Gerhardus Ansgar , Herbon Carolin , Jilani Hannah , Rathjen Kim Isabel , Schmiemann Guido , Schilling Imke
Published: October 2024

Background

Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) is increasingly recognized as an essential aspect of clinical research, particularly for ensuring relevancy and impact of research to those most affected. This study addresses the gap in involving older patients, particularly nursing home residents, in the research process by exploring motivations, expectations, and experiences of nursing home residents in Bremen, Germany, involved in PPI for developing a clinical trial on polypharmacy.

Methods

Two Patient Advisory Boards (PABs) were established in nursing homes as part of the INVOLVE-Clin project. A Patient Advocate (PA) facilitated communication between nursing home residents and researchers. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews and group discussions with nursing home residents and researchers. Data was analyzed using structured qualitative content analysis.

Results

The study found varied motivations and expectations between nursing home residents and researchers. Nursing home residents valued the social interaction and the opportunity to voice their health concerns, while researchers aimed to incorporate patients’ perspectives into study design. The PA was considered crucial in facilitating communication between nursing home residents and researchers. Challenges included the complexity of the study topic and the need for methodological adjustments to suit nursing home residents´ cognitive abilities. Generally, PAB participation was experienced to provide mental stimulation and increased confidence among nursing home residents in discussing their medication management. The PAB’s influence led to the decision not to conduct a polypharmacy study.

Discussion

The findings underscore the importance of flexible approaches to PPI, particularly when involving older nursing home residents. Methodological adjustments, such as tailoring content and structure of PABs, and the inclusion of additional boards for diverse perspectives, are vital for effective involvement. The study also highlights the need for ongoing innovation in PPI methods to ensure meaningful engagement of older patients in clinical research.

Conclusion

This study contributes essential insights into the practical implementation of PPI with nursing home residents, highlighting the need for patient-centric approaches that recognize their unique challenges and contributions. These findings are critical for shaping scientifically robust but also socially relevant and impactful research, especially in an aging society.
An emerging zoonotic disease to be concerned about - a review of the nipah virus
Authors: Paliwal Sumit , Shinu Suneet , Saha Rubina
Published: October 2024

The Nipah Virus (NiV) was discovered in 1999 in the Sungai Nipah region of Malaysia. It is one of many emerging bat-borne zoonotic viruses that threaten global health security. The Pteropus fruit bats are identified as the natural reservoirs for the virus. NiV belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae and is mostly present in locations surrounded by water, vegetation, and controlled or protected religious areas. To date, cases of NiV have been identified in Southeast Asian regions, with the highest number of cases in Bangladesh, totalling 305, with a fatality rate of 65%. The highest mortality has been observed in the Indian region, at 73%. NiV is an emerging zoonotic disease that needs to be focused on. The median incubation period is 9.5 days and the clinical features primarily lead to either progressive encephalitis or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

The diagnosis is conducted in Bio-safety level 3 or level 4 labs through Polymerase chain reaction. Human nasal swabs, throat swabs, urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are collected for diagnostic purposes. At present, there is no approved treatment or vaccine for the prevention of the disease. However, research on a vaccine against NiV is being investigated, and a subunit vaccine with NiV-G protein is found to produce potential efficacy. An outbreak in Kerala, a state in India, led to the implementation of an action plan involving lead agencies to combat the sudden surge of the virus. In the current scenario, appropriate preventive strategies are more effective in controlling the virus. However, emphasis should be placed on affordable and efficient diagnostic methods, treatment options, and vaccines to better manage the virus, considering the highest fatality caused by the virus.
Practical immunomodulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy
Authors: Norollahi Seyedeh Elham , Yousefi Bahman , Nejatifar Fatemeh , Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh , Rashidy-pour Ali , Samadani Ali Akbar
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common harmful high-grade brain tumor with high mortality and low survival rate. Importantly, besides routine diagnostic and therapeutic methods, modern and useful practical techniques are urgently needed for this serious malignancy. Correspondingly, the translational medicine focusing on genetic and epigenetic profiles of glioblastoma, as well as the immune framework and brain microenvironment, based on these challenging findings, indicates that key clinical interventions include immunotherapy, such as immunoassay, oncolytic viral therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, which are of great importance in both diagnosis and therapy. Relatively, vaccine therapy reflects the untapped confidence to enhance GBM outcomes. Ongoing advances in immunotherapy, which utilizes different methods to regenerate or modify the resistant body for cancer therapy, have revealed serious results with many different problems and difficulties for patients. Safe checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular treatment, cellular and peptide antibodies, and other innovations give researchers an endless cluster of instruments to plan profoundly in personalized medicine and the potential for combination techniques. In this way, antibodies that block immune checkpoints, particularly those that target the program death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 (PD-L1) ligand pathway, have improved prognosis in a wide range of diseases. However, its use in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or monotherapy is ineffective in treating GBM. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the translational elements concentrating on the immunotherapeutic field of GBM alongside describing the molecular mechanism involved in GBM and related signaling pathways, presenting both historical perspectives and future directions underlying basic and clinical practice.

Graphical Abstract
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) Disease on Selected Sorghum Genotypes at Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tsedaley Binyam , Alemu Kumlachew
Published: October 2024

Background Over 500 million people worldwide rely on sorghum as a main food crop. About 10% of the daily caloric intake of households in Ethiopia’s northwest and eastern regions, including Benishangul Gumuz, comes from sorghum. A hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen called Colletotrichum sublineolum caused anthracnose disease is among the biotic constraints of sorghum production. Methods Ten selected sorghum genotypes were assessed for sorghum anthracnose severity and its temporal and spatial dynamics on field plots in the districts of Assosa and Bambasi. The performance of the chosen sorghum genotypes was assessed using the following metrics: AUDPC, disease progress rate, yield-related trait, sorghum grain yield, and mean severity index. Anthracnose severity was evaluated using a 1–5 disease rating scale and assessments conducted at seven consecutive time points. Results Ten genotypes of sorghum were examined in the districts of Assosa and Bambasi, with mean anthracnose severity index ranging from 60-77 PSI and 53-82 PSI, respectively. AUDPC varied from 351 to 470 % days and 316 to 499 % days at Assosa and Bambasi districts, respectively. Bambasi district achieved a larger grain yield than the Assosa district. Assosa-1 demonstrated a significant level of disease pressure, yet the current investigation found that this genotype is the highest performing genotype in both locations. Conclusions There is a considerable positive link between the severity of anthracnose and the weekly total rainfall and relative humidity. At both trial sites, Mersa-1 continuously produced higher grain yields and reduced disease levels. Breeders might utilize the Baco Striga sorghum genotype as a check line in a breeding effort to resist anthracnose disease because it shown a high vulnerability to the disease at both locations.
Rola zjednoczenia opozycyjnego „Ludowa Rada Ukrainy” w Euromajdanie
Authors: Hurska-Kowalczyk Liana
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie roli zjednoczenia deputowanych ludowych „Ludowa Rada Ukrainy” w Euromajdanie. W artykule została przedstawiona periodyzacja Euromajdanu według kryterium ustosunkowania uczestników protestów do władz oraz kontekst utworzenia zjednoczenia „Ludowa Rada Ukrainy”. Zostały również omówione działania podjęte przez „Ludową Radę Ukrainy” podczas Euromajdanu. W celu realizacji zamierzenia badawczego zastosowano metody: historyczną, systemową i case study.
Ekonomia i gospodarka autorytarna. Ujęcie normatywne i praktyka
Authors: Rogaczewska Krystyna
Published: October 2024

Doktryny autorytaryzmu i totalitaryzmu stanowią konglomerat różnych wpływów ideologicznych i kulturowych, są zlepkiem wielu koncepcji. Elementem stanowiącym wspólny mianownik jest podejście do kwestii gospodarowania. Mimo różnic w odniesieniu do innych wartości – w obszarze ekonomii odnajdujemy wiele podobieństw. Przede wszystkim po stronie zbieżności występuje podporządkowanie ekonomii polityce. Ekonomia pełni funkcję służebną wobec klasy, narodu czy Volku. Teoretycy wspomnianych nurtów odrzucają działanie praw ekonomicznych, wolny rynek, negują zysk jako motyw podejmowania aktywności gospodarczej. Nacjonaliści, marksiści czy faszyści wyrażają niechęć do wolności gospodarowania, kładąc nacisk na omnipotencję państwa. We wszystkich tych systemach mamy do czynienia z kolektywizmem i odrzuceniem indywidualizmu. Najbardziej naukowo rozbudowany jest system marksistowski, natomiast najmniej – narodowo-socjalistyczny. Obydwa systemy wykazują jednak wiele podobieństw, gdyż poszukują wroga w obszarze gospodarowania. Wrogiem mogą być Żydzi, imperialiści, liberałowie czy inne siły, które zagrażają integralności wspólnoty. Zatem wartości ekonomiczne nie są kategorią analityczną, która pozwoliłaby na identyfikację danego nurtu. Jeśli uznamy, że dany nurt doktrynalny identyfikujemy poprzez politykę, ekonomię i szeroko pojętą kulturę, to ekonomia w przypadku faszyzmu, narodowego socjalizmu, nacjonalizmu i marksizmu nie jest narzędziem pozwalającym na wyodrębnienie doktryny.
Polityka prawa – próba oceny strategii rządzenia Sądem Najwyższym w PRL
Authors: Majewski Jan
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest wykorzystanie dostępnych danych archiwalnych, treści aktów prawnych, informacji o strukturze naczelnych organów władzy i literatury wspomnieniowej do rekonstrukcji strategii podporządkowywania interesom władzy ludowej Sądu Najwyższego i jego sędziów w okresie 1945–1989. W artykule zaproponowano również ocenę efektywności tych strategii opierającą się na raportach centrum politycznego PRL, a także oszacowano za pomocą prostego modelu statystycznego maksymalny zakres kontroli merytorycznej działalności SN. Wyniki pokazują, że ze względu na ogromną złożoność systemu prawa, wielość zagadnień rozpatrywanych przez sądy oraz ograniczone zasoby elity politycznej tylko niektóre sposoby rządzenia prawem mogły być i były skuteczne. W szczególności analiza kognitywnych możliwości kontroli Sądu Najwyższego prowadzi do wniosku, że jedynie ekstremalnie skoncentrowane, skoordynowane i wyspecjalizowane działania mogą pozwolić na rozpoznanie orzecznictwa SN, a sterowania nim dokonywano przede wszystkim poprzez oddziaływania personalne, selekcję kadrową i obsadę kluczowych stanowisk.
Za kulisami „akcji zaolziańskiej” – finansowo-organizacyjne kłopoty DOK V Kraków w przededniu wybuchu wojny
Authors: Latkowska Iwona
Published: October 2024

Ostatnie lata przed wojną w 1939 r. upływały na dozbrajaniu armii, budowaniu umocnień i kontynuowaniu polityki równowagi, w której jednak nie było miejsca dla Czechosłowacji, traktowanej jako przejściowy twór. Kontrowersyjne decyzje Józefa Becka o włączeniu Zaolzia do Polski zostały wykorzystane propagandowo i spotkały się z aplauzem społeczeństwa, jednak na arenie międzynarodowej mocno je skrytykowano, pełnego poparcia nie znalazły również wśród niektórych wojskowych. Wydarzenia z 1938 r. stanowiły wstęp do II wojny światowej i chociaż pierwszoplanowa w stosunkach polsko-czechosłowackich tego okresu była dyplomacja, a aspekt wojskowy w rzeczywistości odegrał drugorzędną rolę, to jednak była to, obok wydarzeń z maja 1926 r., największa operacja wojskowa w warunkach pokojowych. Chociaż operacja ta została przeprowadzona bez chociażby częściowej mobilizacji i przy jak najmniejszych kosztach, to jej skutki były poważnie odczuwalne na terenie, na którym ją przeprowadzono.
Application of irreversible electroporation ablation in oncology - a narrative review
Authors: Piecuch Dawid , Hańczyk Edyta , Sobota Weronika , Piskorz Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Irreversible electroporation-IRE is an innovative cancer treatment method that can selectively destroy cancer cells without damaging surrounding tissues. It is a safe and effective alternative to traditional methods, with the patient faster recover potential and spare critical body structures such as blood vessels and nerves.In surgical oncology, the IRE treatment technique is used especially in cases where other methods are not possible or have limited effectiveness. The method is proving to be seen as an effective local treatment with good clinical results and limited side effects in prostate, biliary, pancreatic, kidney and liver cancers.
Exploring Rhodiola rosea: A Comprehensive Review of Its Adaptogenic Effects and Medical Relevance
Authors: Głąbień Marta , Rajewska Aleksandra , Kuśnierz Anna , Kusiak Karolina , Aleksandrowicz Daria , Wieczorek Olga , Jakubczak Zofia , Zimniak Maria Weronika , Śliwiak Patryk , Kondratowicz Aneta
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Rhodiola rosea L. is an adaptogen with an international reach, widely used in modern medicine. Scientific studies indicate that extracts obtained from Rhodiola rosea L. have a beneficial effect on various pathological conditions, including circulatory system diseases, neurological disorders and metabolic ailments. The wide range of applications of these compounds, combined with potentially low toxicity, makes Rhodiola rosea L. a promising candidate for integration in therapies supporting the treatment of diseases affecting various body systems. The aim of this review is to analyze contemporary research on the potential properties of Rhodiola rosea L., as well as to establish the foundation for further research and development of preparations based on this plant.
 
Materials and Methods
The review was conducted by searching PubMed and other scientific databases focusing on currently available publications. The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: “rhodiola rosea”, “adaptogen”, "cardiovascular diseases”, “neurological diseases”, “diabetes”. The analysis of 45 articles published between 1998-2023 was used to write the paper.
Wearable Devices for Training and Patient Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kajzar Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Introduction:Wearable technologies and remote patient monitoring (RPM) are transforming sports and healthcare by enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of various health parameters. These innovations hold significant potential for improving training outcomes in physical rehabilitation and fitness programs, managing chronic diseases, and enhancing patient engagement.
Aim of the Study:This review aims to summarize and highlight the most relevant findings on the current status, clinical applications, challenges, and prospects of wearable health-related sensing technologies in the context of training and chronic disease management.
Material and Methods:A review of scientific publications from 2018 to 2024 was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords such as "wearable," "remote patient monitoring," "sensors," "training," and "chronic disease management" were used.
Conclusions:Wearable devices are gaining popularity among the entire population, not only among individuals with chronic health conditions. The use of wearable technologies has shown promise in improving training and health outcomes by providing continuous monitoring, personalized care, and enhanced training programs. However, challenges such as data accuracy, privacy concerns, and integration with healthcare systems must be addressed and present opportunities for future advancements.
Treatment Options for Plantar Fasciitis: Surgical Release vs. Conservative Therapy
Authors: Wojtach Klaudia , Szałajska Julia , Czyżewski Filip , Wiak Iga , Banyś Filip , Łukawski Artur , Bochen Konrad , Pasierb Karolina , Jasiński Filip , Dudek Stanisław
Published: October 2024

Introduction Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common reasons for visits to orthopedic clinics. This tendinopathy can cause medial heel pain, stiffness, and tenderness on the plantar surface of the foot. Both conservative and surgical methods are employed in its treatment. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate selected conservative treatment methods, such as stretching, the use of orthotic insoles, splints, injections, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and taping, as well as surgical treatment options. The study presents a comparison of these methods in terms of their effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages. State of Knowledge The plantar fascia is a stiff, connective tissue structure extending along the plantar surface of the foot. Biomechanical load on the fascia, which supports the medial longitudinal arch, can lead to degenerative changes that underlie plantar fasciitis. Symptoms include pain, particularly in the mornings and late evenings, which intensifies with palpation of the heel area. Summary (Conclusions) Conservative treatments for plantar fasciitis are effective in 90% of patients. There are no studies that conclusively demonstrate the superiority of one treatment method over another. Thus, the choice of therapy should be tailored to the patient's lifestyle, activity level, and financial capability. Surgical intervention is necessary in cases of chronic plantar fasciitis which remains resistant to conservative treatments.
Daridorexant as a new dual orexin receptor antagonist for insomnia - a literature review
Authors: Izdebska Wiktoria , Sornek Patrycja , Stanek Jakub , Kaźmierczak Anna , Perkowska Klaudia , Borkowska Agata , Kiełb Anna , Pawlak Igor , Mich Anna , Ciesielski Radosław
Published: October 2024

Introduction and purpose of review: Insomnia is a prevalent disorder responsible for multiple negative effects on human health. Its treatment involves both non pharmacological and pharmacological methods, however many common insomnia medications are recommended not to be used long term. Daridorexant is a new dual orexin receptor inhibitor, recently approved by the EMA for use in the European Union. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge concerning daridorexantsafety, efficacy and general characteristics.
Methods: Pubmed database literature review has been performed. Relevant studies regarding daridorexant and insomnia have been assessed. Product characteristics available on EMA, FDA and Idorsia Pharmaceuticals websites have also been inspected.
Current state of knowledge: Studies suggest that daridorexant is generally safe and significantly improves the night-time and daytime functioning of people suffering from insomnia, by enabling them to fall asleep in shorter periods of time and stay asleep for longer. It increases time spent in both REM and non-REM phases proportionally and does not disturb physiological sleep architecture. It shows no residual effects in the morning and can be used long-term, with no reduced efficacy and with no signs of physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms. It rarely leads to serious adverse effects and is contraindicated only in a few groups of patients.
Conclusions: Daridorexant is a recently approved dual orexin receptor inhibitor with a promising long-term use safety and efficacy profile. As it is a new medication, further investigation concerning the side effects observed over time should be advised.
Reason, Islam and Christianity
Authors: Blanco-Sarto Pablo
Published: October 2024

The debate sparked off by Benedict XVI’s speech in Regensburg has not only relaunched relations between Islam and Christianity, but has also provoked an internal debate in all around the world. In these lines we offer a summary of some interventions that have appeared so far, which serve to rethink and relaunch the current dialogue between faith and reason, modernity and Christianity, non-Christian religions and the Catholic Church. In this article, we will look at the responses that emerged after the speech and other subsequent interventions, which have made this a “globalised discourse.” Rationality must be found not only in the sciences but also in philosophy, religions, ethics and art.
Why the Shroud of Turin is not a Medieval Work?
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez José L.
Published: October 2024

The Shroud of Turin is an old linen fabric imprinted with the image of a tortured man who lies prone with his hands crossed before him. Since for many it is related to Jesus of Nazareth, this cloth is among the most studied, controversial and enigmatic of all archaeological and religious objects. Since its radiocarbon dating at the end of the eighties of the last century, it is considered by many to be an object made in the Middle Ages. The controversy is due to the fact that there are other scientific and artistic evidences that place this object outside the medieval sphere. An argument map is a critical thinking way of representing the relationships between evidences and arguments, and is used here to represent the sequences of argumentation that defend that the Shroud of Turin is not a medieval object.
Do We Really Need to Ban Scientific Investigations of Other Dimensions of Reality?
Authors: Osmo Flavio , Madeira Borri Maryana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to offer arguments in favor of doing broad science, which means focusing on the investigation of everything, supported by the elaboration and application of methods that make it possible to objectify reality, which includes the attempt to replicate evidence likely to come from a transcendent reality. We argue that doing broad science depends on adopting the assumption that there are other dimensions of reality since this broadens the horizon of investigation; and to take care that such assumption does not come to be left out due to the influence of intrusive lines of thought of the most diverse. Here we discuss three lines of thought showing fragility in them, which we understand to be well established in current times, especially in the academic environment, and which directly or indirectly advocate the adoption of a materialist vision, namely: the disconnected psychophysical dualism, the myopic pragmatism, and the primacy of epistemology over ontology.
Higher Precision Is Not Always Better: Search Algorithm and Consumer Engagement
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lin Mingfeng , Xiao Mo , Fang Lu
Published: October 2024

On decentralized e-commerce platforms, search algorithms play a critical role in matching buyers and sellers. A typical search algorithm routinely refines and improves its catalog of data to increase search precision, but the effects of a more precise search are little known. We evaluate such effects via a 2019 quasiexperiment on a world-leading e-commerce platform in which the search algorithm refined some product categories into finer subgroups to allocate consumer queries to more relevant product listings. Our data cover millions of consumers’ search and purchase behaviors over six months across multiple search sessions and product categories, enabling us to investigate trade-offs over time and across categories. We find that a more precise search algorithm improves consumers’ click-through and purchase rates drastically and instantaneously, but it comes at the cost of a significant decrease in consumer engagement and unplanned purchases over a longer time horizon. On average, consumers who used to spend more time searching now conduct 5.5% fewer searches, spend 4.1% less time on the platform, and decrease their spending on related categories by 2.2% in the week after the search precision increases. Our examination of the mechanisms behind these consequences calls for more careful search algorithm designs that account for not only instant conversion based on search precision but also consumer engagement and sellers’ strategic responses in the longer horizon.

This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems.

Funding: This work was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72141305 and 72192803] and the Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China (Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities), both to L. Fang.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00478 .
Bundling and Line Extensions in Distribution Channels
Authors: Inderst Roman , Griem Fabian , Shaffer Greg
Published: October 2024

We show how manufacturers can benefit from contracts that incentivize retailers to purchase multiple products from the same manufacturer. We isolate two effects: first, under standard contractual inefficiencies, which give rise to double marginalization, such contracts can increase channel profits (the “improved contractual efficiency” effect); second, when a weaker product is tied to a particularly strong “must-stock” product, such contracts can also reduce a retailer’s position and shift rent to the manufacturer (the “increased rent extraction” effect). To harness these effects, we show that it can even be profitable for the manufacturer to introduce a weak product that ultimately has the effect of foreclosing a rival’s more efficient substitute. Nevertheless, unless the tying product is sufficiently strong, the overall effect on welfare can still be positive, providing manufacturers with an efficiency rationale to use against common concerns held by antitrust agencies about such practices.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.
Laughter may be the best medicine for dry eye disease
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: October 2024

Sarah Jane Palmer discusses how dry eye disease affects older people and the benefits of a novel intervention that could reduce symptoms.
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

Tom Davies is left in a Holland daze after meeting his Benelux customers
Talking away trouble
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2024

Adam Bernstein looks at how mediation can provide a helpful and less expensive alternative to an employment tribunal
Sight tests cancelled in face of cost of living crisis
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean explores the findings of the College's survey into cost concerns
Communicating the benefits
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2024

Mike Hale speaks to Bhavin Shah about how non-registered staff can better communicate with patients, while Iain Johnson shares his insights into how practice managers can help in this area
Walking the floor
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2024

Mike Hale surveys the show floor at the recent British Contact Lens Association (BCLA) Conference and Exhibition
Research sheds light on abuse and harassment
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

New data from the General Optical Council shows widespread bullying and harassment in the optical practices but job satisfaction rates have stabilised. Simon Jones reports
National Eye Health Week
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

The National Eye Health Week campaign launches with new daily themes. Lucy Patchett reports
Glad to be grey
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2024

Adam Bernstein delves into the role that older workers can play within an optical practice
Independent Thinking
Authors: Black Tina Arbon
Published: October 2024

Tina Arbon Black reports from the well organised one-day event
Lenses and lifestyles
Authors: Kirkpatrick Nigel
Published: October 2024

Nigel Kirkpatrick discusses cataract surgery on the NHS and beyond
Spectral broadening of μJ-level pulses around 8 μm in a Germanium-based multi-pass scheme
Authors: Vesco Guglielmo , Gucci Francesco , Baserga Alessandro , Moretti Luca , Gatti Davide , Cerullo Giulio , Marangoni Marco
Published: October 2024

A 2.6-fold spectral broadening of mid-infrared femtosecond μJ-level pulses has been achieved using an unfolded multi-pass configuration of germanium plates and zinc selenide lenses. This method maintains a throughput higher than 60% while preserving the spatial quality and the temporal duration of the input beam. Numerical simulations match the experimental results and show the potential to tailor the parameters of the cell to obtain different spectra.
IsRNAcirc: 3D structure prediction of circular RNAs based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Jiang Haolin , Xu Yulian , Tong Yunguang , Zhang Dong , Zhou Ruhong
Published: October 2024

As an emerging class of RNA molecules, circular RNAs play pivotal roles in various biological processes, thereby determining their three-dimensional (3D) structure is crucial for a deep understanding of their biological significances. Similar to linear RNAs, the development of computational methods for circular RNA 3D structure prediction is challenging, especially considering the inherent flexibility and potentially long length of circular RNAs. Here, we introduce an extension of our previous IsRNA2 model, named IsRNAcirc, to enable circular RNA 3D structure predictions through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The workflow of IsRNAcirc consists of four main steps, including input preparation, end closure, structure prediction, and model refinement. Our results demonstrate that IsRNAcirc can provide reasonable 3D structure predictions for circular RNAs, which significantly reduce the locally irrational elements contained in the initial input. Moreover, for a validation test set comprising 34 circular RNAs, our IsRNAcirc can generate 3D models with better scores than the template-based 3dRNA method. These findings demonstrate that our IsRNAcirc method is a promising tool to explore the structural details along with intricate interactions of circular RNAs.