bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NeuO for Neuronal Labeling in Zebrafish
Authors: Teoh Chai Lean , Er Jun Cheng , Mukherjee Parag , Chang Young-Tae
Published: November 2015

We report the application of our newly developed fluorescent probe 3-(benzylamino)-4,4-difluoro-5-(4-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-8-(4-(2-hydroxyacetamido)phen-yl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (NeuO) to label and image live neurons in zebrafish. Immersing zebrafish embryos in NeuO or injecting NeuO into zebrafish brain ventricles results in nontoxic in vivo neuronal labeling. We demonstrate the applicability of NeuO and envisage the potential of this compound as a rapid and simple labeling reagent for studying neuron development and degeneration.
Effect of 18F-FDG Uptake Time on Lesion Detectability in PET Imaging of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Wangerin Kristen A. , Muzi Mark , Peterson Lanell M. , Linden Hannah M. , Novakova Alena , O'Sullivan Finbarr , Kurland Brenda F. , Mankoff David A. , Kinahan Paul E.
Published: November 2015

Prior reports have suggested that delayed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) oncology imaging can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for known lesions. Our goal was to estimate realistic bounds for lesion detectability for static measurements within 1 to 4 hours between FDG injection and image acquisition. Tumor and normal tissue kinetic model parameters were estimated from dynamic PET studies of patients with early-stage breast cancer. These parameters were used to generate time-activity curves (TACs) for up to 4 hours, for which we assumed both nonreversible and reversible models with different rates of FDG dephosphorylation (k4). For each pair of tumor and normal tissue TACs, 600 PET sinogram realizations were generated, and images were reconstructed using the ordered subsets expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm. Test statistics for each tumor and normal tissue region of interest were output from the computer model observers and evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, with the calculated area under the curve (AUC) providing a measure of lesion detectability. For the nonreversible model (k4 = 0), the AUC increased in 11 of 23 (48%) patients for 1 to 2 hours after the current standard postradiotracer injection imaging window of 1 hour. This improvement was driven by increased tumor/normal tissue contrast before the impact of increased noise that resulted from radiotracer decay began to dominate the imaging signal. As k4 was increased from 0 to 0.01 min−1, the time of maximum detectability shifted earlier, due to decreasing FDG concentration in the tumor lowering the CNR. These results imply that delayed PET imaging may reveal inconspicuous lesions that otherwise would have gone undetected.
Búsqueda y recuperación de naves bajo el agua
Authors: Pérez Uribe Rafael
Published: November 2015

La investigacion de accidentes aereos ha sido un área de estudio importante para garantizar la seguridad aérea que paradojicamente no ha sido investigada a fonda en los ultimos años. El presente caso revela algunos de los avances mas recientes en tecnicas de investigacion.
La planeación estratégica en las pymes colombianas: un aporte para empresas contratistas de la FAC
Authors: Pérez Uribe Rafael
Published: November 2015

Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes), cumplen un papel primordial en el desarrollo económico de los países y Colombia no es la excepción: ellas sirven como tejido auxiliar de las grandes empresas, quienes contratan este tipo de compañías para la prestación de servicios que de estar incluidos en la producción general de las mismas implicarían un aumento de coste. Una de las definiciones de la planeación estratégica está relacionada con la fijación de objetivos y formulación de procedimientos y métodos para alcanzarlos. Para ello debe fijarse un direccionamiento, el cual repercute de forma directa en la consecución de ventajas competitivas que le permitirán a la compañía la perpetuidad en el mercado. Es así como, la dirección estratégica se consolida como pilar fundamental de este tipo de organizaciones, las cuales soportan en su gran mayoría la economía colombiana. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar algunos conceptos relacionados con la importancia de la planeación y direccionamiento estratégico, y de igual forma mostrar aquellas variables que explican en mayor proporcionalidad la sostenibilidad de una organización en relación con el direccionamiento estratégico, a la luz Modelo de Modernización para la Gestión de Organizaciones (MMGO) desarrollado por la Universidad EAN en Colombia.
Los intereses estratégicos de Argentina en el marco institucional de Mercosur
Authors: Ardila Castro Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2015

En América Latina la formulación de políticas de seguridad y defensa diseñadas por los Estados, tienen en cuenta diversos factores dentro de los que se incluyen elementos relacionados con la geopolítica, la política interna, las amenazas transnacionales, la transformación estratégica de la región y la política de seguridad hemisférica de los Estados Unidos. De acuerdo a esto, la evolución en términos de disposición de fuerzas militares, la compra y venta de armamento y la búsqueda de mecanismos de cooperación, obedecen a la identificación de prioridades e intereses estratégicos derivados de contextos que los Estados perciben como fuentes de vulnerabilidad, a partir de los cuales implementan estrategias de mitigación que les permitan la obtención de su interés nacional. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de Mercosur para Argentina como materialización de una política de seguridad, teniendo en cuenta sus intereses estratégicos y las amenazas que el Estado identifica como focos de vulnerabilidad.
Simulación de la trayectoria de un cohete de dos etapas para posicionamiento de un nanosatélite en órbita
Authors: Murcia Piñeros Jhonathan Orlando , Portilla Barbosa José Gregorio
Published: November 2015

En el presente artículo se estudia el posible lanzamiento de un cohete de dos etapas impulsado por propelentes líquidos tipo RP-1 para transportar una carga útil de 4 kg equivalente a la masa de un nano-satélite de tres unidades de Cubesat. Se plantea el estudio con el diseño conceptual del cohete portador implementando un código computacional de optimización con la finalidad de reducir la masa al despegue y aumentar la velocidad. Se eligió como sitio de lanzamiento desde Colombia a la base del Grupo Aéreo del Oriente (GAORI) en Marandúa, Vichada, dado que en la actualidad se realizan investigaciones en lanzamiento de cohetes y ha sido utilizado por universidades para el desarrollo de tales investigaciones. Los valores obtenidos anteriormente son introducidos en un código computacional en FORTRAN desarrollado en el Observatorio Astronómico de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia para obtener el comportamiento de la trayectoria de vuelo del cohete durante su fase de ascenso e inyección orbital.
Simuladores para entrenamientos en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Sizza Moreno José Fernando
Published: November 2015

La simulación es una técnica que compromete ingeniería de software, ingeniería mecánica e ingeniería electrónica, además de emulación, que definen los modelos matemáticos para dotar a una máquina especificaciones funcionales, para la apariencia en tiempo real de comportamientos idénticos a los de su contraparte a imitar. Asimismo, emular es una reproducción de las operaciones de otro, intentando igualarlas e incluso excederlas. De esta manera, una máquina se dota con la simulación y la emulación en tiempo real, diseñando máquinas capaces de imitar y remedar otras, sin los riesgos, humanos o de infraestructura que involucra en la realidad, con la emulación acorde con la máquina a igualar. El entrenamiento puede ejecutarse en este tipo de máquinas, para proporcionar y evaluar las habilidades necesarias a desarrollarse en la vida real, con el fin de disminuir los costos y los tiempos que implican. Es así que el objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una visión sobre simuladores aeronáuticos puestos en práctica en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana.
Apuntes sobre globalización: aspectos culturales, tecnológicos y económicos
Authors: Solano Jiménez Mayden
Published: November 2015

La internacionalización de las economías con una consecuente apertura de mercados, la modernización de los organismos tanto públicos como privados, el incremento en la competitividad, las privatizaciones, la reducción del tamaño del Estado y el enlazamiento de las economías; bien por la vía de la regionalización económica de áreas continentales o la integración de mercados en los que intervienen las más disímiles zonas geográficas del mundo; son algunas características propias del reacomodamiento o nuevo orden mundial. Dentro de este contexto, el presente artículo busca analizar el fenómeno de la globalización desde los aspectos: cultural, económico y tecnológico; los cuales han permeado varios sectores de la sociedad global, generando una interrelación e integración entre diversos actores, en donde no sólo confluye el Estado- nación, también da cabida a otros actores del Sistema Internacional. Por lo cual, se analiza el comportamiento de la aldea global y la cultura dentro del fenómeno de la globalización a partir de aspectos económicos y tecnológicos, resaltando la importancia de los medios de comunicación o la llamada era de la información, el mercado financiero global y por último, el papel que juega el proceso de integración y la necesidad de reestructurar las principales instituciones internacionales.
La urgencia de una concepción transdisciplinaria en la construcción del conocimiento
Authors: Bermúdez Santana Liliana Marisol
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo plantea la urgencia de una concepción transdisciplinaria que posibilite un trabajo de integración y comprensión del mundo más acorde con su funcionamiento cotidiano, a partir un paradigma de distinción, conjunción, implicación y multidimensionalización, el cual posibilite proponer cambios para beneficio de la humanidad, que promueva un pensamiento crítico y reflexivo en la relación de los seres humanos con los otros, con ellos mismos, con los objetos y en general con el mundo. Para ello, se busca hacer un breve recorrido por los tipos de pensamiento, desde el mítico hasta el científico, por los paradigmas empírico – analítico, sistémico y complejo y su relación con los conceptos pluridisciplina, multidisciplina, interdisciplina y transdiciplina. Este artículo es una revisión de tema que corresponde a una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo documental, que invita a construir proyectos educativos portadores de nuevos sentidos, ante todo transdisciplinares, que recojan desde esta perspectiva epistemológica la comprensión de las disciplinas y encaucen la construcción del conocimiento de una manera más integrada, más humilde e interconectada con la realidad y la vida misma, donde sea posible la solidaridad, la aceptación de la diversidad, la multiplicidad de concepciones y creencias, para la gestación de un mundo más humano.
Ciudadanía global y educación
Authors: Vega Rojas Paula Lizette , Padilla Beltrán Luis Alejandro
Published: November 2015

El concepto de ciudadano ha evolucionado en razón a los cambios sociales, políticos y culturales, por lo que es necesario revisar los alcances de un ciudadano global que sea participativo y respetuoso de la diversidad de pensamiento. En la medida que la globalización genera nuevas interconexiones, es necesario formar a través de la educación en competencias personas que convivan y que reconozcan sus derechos y deberes más allá de las fronteras nacionales. En este sentido, se aplicó al presente artículo un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, soportado en una revisión bibliográfica que permite establecer la relación existente entre el ciudadano global y la educación.
La evaluación de la comprensión lectora como práctica docente
Authors: Almeida Cantoni Alicia
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo determinar cómo evalúan los docentes de dos instituciones de educación superior de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana la comprensión lectora en su práctica docente. Los resultados de la misma permiten aproximarse a la comprensión de cuál es el papel que los docentes le asignan a la evaluación en el proceso de comprensión lectora que llevan a cabo los estudiantes, a través del método cualitativo en una muestra por conveniencia de docentes de la Escuela de Suboficiales de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana y del Instituto Militar Aeronáutico. Las conclusiones de la misma abren un camino de reflexión sobre la evaluación de la comprensión lectora en el aula por parte de los docentes de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana que permita reconocer el rol fundamental que esta debe ocupar en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje para lograr saberes duraderos en los estudiantes.
El sistema de información de las bibliotecas: su estructura, historia y progresos en pro del desarrollo académico universitario
Authors: León Rojas Dario Fernando
Published: November 2015

El siguiente artículo pretende realizar una presentación de las bibliotecas, su evolución y consolidación como un sistema de información para el almacenamiento y principalmente la difusión del conocimiento mundial, la constante afinidad con la tecnología y el desarrollo de prácticas administrativas modernas para su constante evolución. Se propone un modelo de aplicación dentro del entorno de Bibliotecas Académicas de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana y culmina una introducción al concepto de alfabetización informacional.
Transformación de Colciencias en departamento administrativo
Authors: Salguero Cubides Jorge
Published: November 2015

El Gobierno Nacional desarrolla la Ley 1286 del 23 de Enero de 2009, para mejorar el sistema científico y tecnológico: con esta Ley COLCIENCIAS se transforma en el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, entidad para liderar la producción científica, tecnológica e innovación en Colombia.
Diseño preliminar de un rotor de onda para motores con microturbina
Authors: Pérez B. Gina P. , Escobar G. Arnold
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo presenta un analisis preliminar sobre los beneficios de ia implementacion de un rotor de onda en una micro-turbina convencional. Este estudio se enfoca en la consecución de un punto de disefio por medio de cálculos térmicos para así lograr una geometría adecuada, la cual podra ser evaluada por medio de Dinámica de Flujo Computacional CFD para determinar la viabilidad de la implementacion de este dispositive en un motor con micro-turbina a gas de 30 lb, de empuje.
Diseño de un modelo de control de mantenimiento aeronáutico con base en la norma NTCGP 1000:24, para realizar auditorías de gestión en la FAC
Authors: Méndez Perdomo William Alexander , Bolívar Parsons Miguel Andrés
Published: November 2015

Esta investigación pretende formular una alternativa acorde con las orientaciones de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana para cumplir con el plan institucional 2006-2019 a través de la Norma Técnica Colombiana en la Gestión Pública NTC GPl 000: 2004. Asimismo, se tornaron como referencia formatos comercia les que permit ieron a las diferentes entidades públicas y privadas realizar una constante revisión de los procesos internos y externos cuya finalidad consiste en buscar un mejoramiento continuo, teniendo en cuenta las normas de calidad internacional que buscan establecer una estandarización en beneficio de los usuarios.
Diseño de un manual de seguridad para el almacenamiento de municiones y explosivos en el Comando Aéreo de Combate No.1 de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Adames Pachón Byron , Polanco Soler Johan
Published: November 2015

Se consultó al grupo de expertos en explosivos de las Naciones Unidas, los estándares de la USAF y las reglamentaciones de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. Se analizó toda la reglamentación y con base en los resultados se estructuró el Manual de Seguridad para el Almacenamiento de Municiones y Explosivos, donde se presentan los parámetros de las normas de seguridad para manipular y almacenar el material bélico con base en las regulaciones internacionales con relación al manejo de los explosivos y municiones
Programa de instrucción y entrenamiento búsqueda y rescate para la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Losada Sierra Javier Eduardo , Sánchez Canosa Edgar , Polo Quesada José Antonio
Published: November 2015

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad elaborar un programa de instrucción y entrenamiento para misiones de búsqueda y rescate, teniendo en cuenta que la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana cumple diariamente operaciones aéreas en todo el territorio nacional que implican riesgos para las tripulaciones y pasajeros de las aeronaves.
Aplicación de la norma ISO 9001 en la selección y formación de instructores académicos y de vuelo para la escuela de helicópteros de las Fuerzas Militares
Authors: Gómez Isaza Camilo , López Quintero Luis Fernando
Published: November 2015

En la presente investigación se realizó un análisis de las principales causas de accidentalidad aérea, especialmente en las misiones de instrucción y entrenamiento, tomando como factor principal de éstas al "piloto instructor".
Perspectivas de la seguridad aérea en el siglo XXI
Authors: Almeida Cantoni Alicia
Published: November 2015

La aviación en el siglo XXI es considerada lo suficientemente segura, pero es evidente el riesgo que existe de verse socavada dicha seguridad ante la creciente ola de siniestros terroristas y de accidentes producidos durante el vuelo y algunos choques en tierra, que traen como resultado la pérdida de valiosísimas vidas y de recursos.
Effect of self-directed learning process on multimedia competencies of educational technology students
Authors: Â Bagheri Mohsen , Gheshlaghi Mohammad Hashemi , Nezhad Fatemeh Joshaghan
Published: November 2015

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Self-directed Learning (SDL) process on multimedia competencies of educational technology students at Arak university in Iran. The sample of the study consisted of all educational technology students studying at Arak university. The sample included students who were selected for project courses in the  second semester of academic year 2014-2015. The quasi-experimental research, pre-test, post-test design was used for the study. Before the treatment, the pretest of multimedia competencies was employed, then students in the project course received education through the SDL process. The period lasted for 13 weeks, then the post-test was conducted. For data collection, the researchers prepared a questionnaire of multimedia competencies with three subscales (multimedia instructional design, multimedia production skills, and multimedia production tools). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of Educational Technology, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained as a reliability of 0.90. The data were analyzed with independent and paired-samples t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between studentsâ€™ scores in pre-test and post-test; and there was no significant difference between male and female studentsâ€™ scores on multimedia competencies.

Keywords: educational technology, self-directed learning process, multimedia competencies
The effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on β diversity
Authors: Dong X. , Muneepeerakul R. , Olden J. D. , Lytle D. A.
Published: November 2015

Patterns of β diversity are commonly used to infer underlying ecological processes. In this study, we examined the effect of spatial configuration of habitat capacity on different metrics of β diversity, i.e., β diversity measured as turnover and as variation. For β diversity as turnover, a monotonic species spatial turnover pattern is typically considered as a benchmark for species distributions driven only by dispersal process. Deviations from a monotonic curve are attributed to local environmental filtering (i.e., the same environmental factors affecting different species differently). However, we found non‐monotonicity in species spatial turnover in models without environmental filtering effect. This non‐monotonicity was caused by variation in α diversity, introduced by spatial configuration of habitat capacity. After applying a recent null‐model approach—designed to tease out the effect of variation in α diversity—species spatial turnover remained non‐monotonic. This non‐monotonicity makes it problematic to use species spatial turnover to infer the underlying processes for species distribution, i.e., whether it is driven by environmental filtering or dispersal processes. Spatial configuration of habitat capacity also influences landscape connectivity. Small‐habitat capacity sites may constrain movements of organisms (i.e., dispersal) between sites supporting high capacity habitats. We showed that in a landscape where small‐habitat capacity sites were located in positions important for dispersal (e.g., in the center as opposed to on the edge of a landscape) has a higher spatial variation of species composition, hence, higher β diversity. Ecologists who use different measures of β diversity should be aware of these effects introduced by spatial configuration of habitat capacity.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Chorion and Amnion With Coronally Advanced Flap for Recession Coverage: A Case Series
Authors: Pundir Aena Jain , Agrawal Vandita , Pundir Siddharth , Diwan Vikas , Bodhi Sonika
Published: November 2015

Introduction: An amnion–chorion membrane is a placenta‐derived tissue that has been introduced recently as a guided tissue regeneration membrane in dentistry. Numerous growth factors, proteins, and stem cell reserves in amnion could help in accelerated wound healing and regeneration, whereas chorion is a rich source of various collagen and non‐collagen proteins. The present six‐patient observational case series compares amnion and chorion allografts for recession coverage.

Case Series: Six healthy adult patients presenting with 12 Miller Class I recession defects were treated surgically with a modified coronally advanced flap along with amniotic membrane (group A) or chorion (group B) for coverage of the recession defects following a split‐mouth design. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), probing depth, recession height, clinical attachment level (CAL), and assessment of gingival biotype. Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired Student t test. The results showed statistically significant (P <0.01) improvements in all clinical parameters at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups in both groups. Nine of 12 treated recession defects showed 100% root coverage. The gingival biotype also showed a thick biotype in 10 sites that had an initial thin biotype.

Conclusion: Both amnion and chorion membranes provided promising results in terms of root coverage, increased WKG, CAL gain, and thickness of the gingival biotype and can be used for periodontal plastic surgeries.
The Effects of Initial Periodontal Therapy on the Serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor‐κβ Ligand/Osteoprotegerin System in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis
Authors: Xu Jing Ling , Meng Huan Xin , He Lu , Wang Xian E. , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the serum receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κβ ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its changes after periodontal intervention.

Methods: Thirty‐five patients with CP + T2DM, 35 systemically healthy patients with CP, and 35 healthy controls were enrolled, and serum levels of RANKL and OPG were measured at baseline. Then the CP + T2DM group was divided into a well‐controlled subgroup and a poorly controlled subgroup according to their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and initial periodontal therapy was performed. After 3 months, patients in both subgroups were recalled, and serum RANKL and OPG levels were tested again and compared with the baseline.

Results: At baseline, serum levels of OPG in the T2DM + CP group were much lower than in the CP group and healthy controls (197.41 ± 57.05 pg/mL versus 232.60 ± 70.85 pg/mL [CP group] or 244.96 ± 85.13 pg/mL [healthy controls], P <0.05), whereas their RANKL levels were much higher than in the other two groups (324.35 ± 87.62 pg/mL versus 284.52 ± 90.35 pg/mL [CP group] or 163.01 ± 45.24 pg/mL [healthy control], P <0.05), as was the RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio (1.68 ± 0.33 versus 1.26 ± 0.35 [CP group] or 0.72 ± 0.25 [healthy control], P <0.001). Serum levels of OPG in both disease groups had significant negative correlations with HbA1C, and serum levels of RANKL in all participants had significant positive correlations with periodontal parameters. After periodontal intervention, both the well‐controlled and poorly controlled subgroups exhibited significant increases in OPG and decreases in RANKL in serum, and the R/O ratio was also notably reduced. Additionally, the poorly controlled subgroup exhibited a greater reduction in HbA1c and a greater increase in OPG than the well‐controlled subgroup.

Conclusions: The changing trend in the serum RANKL/OPG system in patients with T2DM + CP was similar to that seen in CP patients and may be even more pronounced. Periodontal intervention effectively improved glucose metabolism and changed the serum RANKL/OPG system regardless of whether patients’ HbA1c was well‐controlled or poorly controlled over the 3‐month observation period.
Health Profiles of Newly Arrived Refugee Children in the United States, 2006–2012
Authors: Yun Katherine , Matheson Jasmine , Payton Colleen , Scott Kevin C. , Stone Barbara L. , Song Lihai , Stauffer William M. , Urban Kailey , Young Janine , Mamo Blain
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We conducted a large-scale study of newly arrived refugee children in the United States with data from 2006 to 2012 domestic medical examinations in 4 sites: Colorado; Minnesota; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington State.

Methods. Blood lead level, anemia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, tuberculosis infection or disease, and Strongyloides seropositivity data were available for 8148 refugee children (aged < 19 years) from Bhutan, Burma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Somalia.

Results. We identified distinct health profiles for each country of origin, as well as for Burmese children who arrived in the United States from Thailand compared with Burmese children who arrived from Malaysia. Hepatitis B was more prevalent among male children than female children and among children aged 5 years and older. The odds of HBV, tuberculosis, and Strongyloides decreased over the study period.

Conclusions. Medical screening remains an important part of health care for newly arrived refugee children in the United States, and disease risk varies by population.
Communities of Color Creating Healthy Environments to Combat Childhood Obesity
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , Grills Cheryl T. , Douglas Jason A. , Villanueva Sandra
Published: November 2015

Ethnic and racial health disparities present an enduring challenge to community-based health promotion, which rarely targets their underlying population-level determinants (e.g., poverty, food insecurity, health care inequity). We present a novel 3-lens prescription for using community organizing to treat these determinants in communities of color based on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Communities Creating Healthy Environments initiative, the first national project to combat childhood obesity in communities of color using community organizing strategies. The lenses—Social Justice, Culture–Place, and Organizational Capacity–Organizing Approach—assist health professional–community partnerships in planning and evaluating community organizing–based health promotion programs. These programs activate community stakeholders to alter their community’s disease-causing, population-level determinants through grassroots policy advocacy, potentially reducing health disparities affecting communities of color.
Sociodemographic Predictors of Vaccination Exemptions on the Basis of Personal Belief in California
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Delamater Paul L. , Leslie Timothy F. , Mello Michelle M.
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We examined the variability in the percentage of students with personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from mandatory vaccinations in California schools and communities according to income, education, race, and school characteristics.

Methods. We used spatial lag models to analyze 2007–2013 PBE data from the California Department of Public Health. The analyses included school- and regional-level models, and separately examined the percentage of students with exemptions in 2013 and the change in percentages over time.

Results. The percentage of students with PBEs doubled from 2007 to 2013, from 1.54% to 3.06%. Across all models, higher median household income and higher percentage of White race in the population, but not educational attainment, significantly predicted higher percentages of students with PBEs in 2013. Higher income, White population, and private school type significantly predicted greater increases in exemptions from 2007 to 2013, whereas higher educational attainment was associated with smaller increases.

Conclusions. Personal belief exemptions are more common in areas with a higher percentage of White race and higher income.
Cascade of Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Within the US Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Maier Marissa M. , Ross David B. , Chartier Maggie , Belperio Pamela S. , Backus Lisa I.
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We measured the quality of HCV care using a cascade of HCV care model.

Methods. We estimated the number of patients diagnosed with chronic HCV, linked to HCV care, treated with HCV antivirals, and having achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) in the electronic medical record data from the Veterans Health Administration’s Corporate Data Warehouse and the HCV Clinical Case Registry in 2013.

Results. Of the estimated 233 898 patients with chronic HCV, 77% (181 168) were diagnosed, 69% (160 794) were linked to HCV care, 17% (39 388) were treated with HCV antivirals, and 7% (15 983) had achieved SVR.

Conclusions. This Cascade of HCV Care provides a clinically relevant model to measure the quality of HCV care within a health care system and to compare HCV care across health systems.
Like Father, Like Son: Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Authors: Brigham Elizabeth M. , Hennrikus William L.
Published: November 2015

Case:

We present the case of a six-year-old boy who was referred to the pediatric orthopaedics division of our academic medical center by his primary care physician for a concern regarding possible fractured clavicles. He was diagnosed with cleidocranial dysplasia, a genetic condition characterized by skeletal and dental anomalies, primarily delayed ossification of midline osseous structures. On radiographs, cleidocranial dysplasia has been linked to both coxa vara and a characteristic “chef’s hat” appearance of the femoral head.

Conclusion:

Cleidocranial dysplasia has multiple potential orthopaedic complications, and an awareness of this condition, its presentations, and its diagnosis is useful for all physicians.
Medial and Lateral Meniscal Inside-Out Repairs
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Moulton Samuel G. , Cram Tyler R. , Geeslin Andrew G. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Engebretsen Lars
Published: November 2015

Meniscal tears differ in terms of pattern and location. If left untreated, a meniscal tear can lead to the development of osteoarthritis and increased pain, swelling, and functional limitations. Tears in the vascularized outer two-thirds of the meniscus can often be successfully repaired with use of an inside-out technique. Vertical mattress sutures stabilize the meniscal tear in place, allowing for proper healing.

The principal steps in the procedure include (1) assessing the location and pattern of the tear arthroscopically, (2) performing a medial or lateral meniscal repair incision in the proper anatomic location, (3) passing the sutures in a vertical mattress pattern through the torn meniscus, and (4) tying the sutures while verifying sufficient reduction of the tear arthroscopically.

Postoperatively, patients remain non-weight-bearing for the course of six weeks. Passive knee flexion from 0° to 90° is allowed for the first two weeks. After two weeks, motion is increased as tolerated. At six weeks postoperatively, patients are allowed to progress to weight-bearing as tolerated and initiate the use of a stationary bicycle. They should avoid squatting, sitting cross-legged, and squatting and lifting for four months postoperatively to avoid substantial stress on the healing meniscus. After four months, sports-specific activities are initiated. Patients are expected to return to normal physical activity within four to six months postoperatively.
Field Corn Response to Diclosulam
Authors: Prostko Eric P. , Webster Theodore M.
Published: November 2015

Crop rotation restrictions often limit the use of diclosulam in peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.). Research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Georgia to determine the response of field corn (Zea maysL.) to preemergence (PRE) applications of diclosulam with the intent of simulating carryover from applications made to a previous peanut crop. Diclosulam was applied at 0, 0.0008, 0.0015, 0.003, 0.006, 0.012, 0.024, and 0.047 lb a.i./acre. The normal use rate of diclosulam is 0.024 lb a.i./acre. Corn injury, stand loss, and yield loss increased with diclosulam rate. Diclosulam at 0.0008 lb a.i./acre caused <10% corn injury and <2% plant stand or yield loss. These results suggest that field corn could be safely planted after a field dissipation rate of five half‐lives. The reported half‐life of diclosulam is 13 to 43 days. Thus, it is likely that the field corn rotation restriction could be reduced in the Southeast where corn is grown in warm climates on coarse‐textured soils using supplemental irrigation, which help contribute to optimum microbial degradation of herbicides.
Herbicides Applied at or Shortly after Seeding Are Effective for Weed Control in Seedling Buffalograss
Authors: Li Luqi , Sousek Matthew D. , Reicher Zachary
Published: November 2015

Herbicides applied shortly after seeding of buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] can help reduce weed pressure and maximize establishment of buffalograss. This study evaluated 12 relatively recently developed herbicides for turf safety and weed control when applied at seeding or 0 or 2 weeks after emergence (WAE) of ‘Bowie’ or ‘Sundancer’ buffalograss. Primary weed species on the site were common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and/or yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel ex Stuntz) F.T. Hubb.]. Regardless of cultivar, untreated checks had <15% buffalograss cover and >53% weed cover by 6 WAE, whereas most of the herbicide treatments resulted in >80% buffalograss cover and <20% weed cover. Mesotrione, sulfentrazone, quinclorac, carfentrazone, simazine, amicarbazone, sulfentrazone + quinclorac, carfentrazone + quinclorac, or sulfentrazone + prodiamine applied either at seeding or 0 WAE are safe on Bowie or Sundancer buffalograss, effectively minimize weed pressure, and maximize buffalograss establishment. Herbicides applied at 2 WAE were less effective than earlier applications at minimizing weed pressure and resulted in lower buffalograss establishment.
Industrial Hemp Response to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization
Authors: Aubin Marie‐Pier , Seguin Philippe , Vanasse Anne , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Mustafa Arif F. , Charron Jean‐Benoit
Published: November 2015

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production has increased in Canada in recent years, and interest for this multipurpose crop remains high. The lack of agronomic guidelines for Eastern Canada represents, however, a limiting factor for local hemp production. This study assessed biomass and seed yields and composition of two hemp cultivars (CRS‐1 and Anka), following various N, P, and K fertilization treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N or K ha−1; 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg P ha−1). The experiment was conducted in multiple environments in the province of Québec. Positive linear and quadratic responses of biomass yield, seed yield, and seed crude protein concentration to N fertilization were observed in all environments; the magnitude of the response depended, however, on the environment and cultivar. Across environments and cultivars, biomass and seed yields increased from 1674 to 4209 kg ha−1 and from 519 to 1340 kg ha−1, respectively, with the application of 200 kg N ha−1 when compared with the unfertilized control. Nitrogen fertilization affected biomass cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations, but the overall response remained minimal. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizations had very limited effect on biomass and seed yields and composition in all environments. In conclusion, while industrial hemp responded to N fertilization up to 200 kg N ha−1, response to P and K fertilization remained limited.
Input‐based Stress Management Fails to Increase Soybean Yield in Kentucky
Authors: Gregg Gary L. , Orlowski John M. , Lee Chad D.
Published: November 2015

Soybean producers have recently adopted management systems that attempt to manipulate plant stress throughout the growing season in an effort to increase yield. The purpose of this study was to determine if management systems that utilize crop inputs to manipulate soybean stress can increase soybean seed yield. Inputs designed to affect soybean stress were applied to early‐maturity (2.8 relative maturity [RM]) and full‐season (4.5 RM) soybean at three locations in Kentucky throughout the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of a single application, sequential applications, or combined applications of the following inputs: lactofen, lambda‐cyhalothrin with thiamethoxam, pyraclostrobin, and N,N’‐diformyl urea. The full‐season soybean yielded greater (19%) than the early‐season soybean, resulting from an increase in mainstem node, pod, and seed numbers. Lactofen decreased early season light interception in all environments but did not affect soybean yield. None of the stress‐management inputs investigated increased yield compared to untreated soybeans. Soybean stress management through prophylactic input application does not appear to be a viable strategy to increase soybean yield.
The use of forests in the river Zagrza basin for the conservation of its hydrological and water protective function
Authors: Letic Ljubomir , Nikolic Vesna , Lazarevic Ivica , Savic Radovan
Published: November 2015

The data on forests shown in this paper which are general useful functions
determine the main way of managing, because these forests are marked as water
protective and especially significant for the water supply of the Vrnjacka
Banja area from 1985. These are forests of beech and beech mixed with fir of
the highest quality located in the river Zagrza basin on mountain Goc and
they represent more than 85 % of the basin and provide the hydrological and
water protective functions at the highest level. For that reason, they have a
special protective status. In the river Zagrza basin, there is the management
unit "Seliste" of particular importance and the accumulation Seliste was
built there with about 380 000 m3 volume and its primary task is water supply
of the Vrnjacka Banja area during critical months without water. The aim of
this scientific paper is to emphasize the need of increasing and protecting
the water potential using adequate ways of forest vegetation management,
which means overall basin organization. The final result should be related to
the optimal use of natural sources in that area.
Applicability of hydraulic dynamometer for measuring load mass on forwarders
Authors: Pandur Zdravko , Horvat Dubravko , Susnjar Marijan , Zoric Marko , Benic Davor , Matija Bakaric
Published: November 2015

In the last few years, with the start of wood biomass production from wood
residues, the need for determining the quantity of extracted wood residuals
on a landing site has appeared. The beginning of intensive usage of wood
residues for wood biomass starts in lowland forest where all wood residues
are extracted with forwarders. There are several ways to determine load mass
on a forwarder, first and probably most accurate is the use of load cells
which are installed between forwarder undercarriage and loading space. In
Croatia, as far as it is known, there is no forwarder with such equipment,
although manufacturers offer the installation of such equipment when buying a
new forwarder. The second option is using a portable measuring platform (axle
scale) which was already used for research of axle loads of trucks and
forwarders. The data obtained with the measuring platform are very accurate,
while its deficiency is relatively great mass, large dimensions and high
price. The third option is determining mass by using hydraulic dynamometer
which is installed on crane between the rotator and the telescopic boom. The
production and installation of such a system is very simple, and with the
price it can easily compete with previously described measuring systems. The
main deficiency of this system is its unsatisfying accuracy. The results of
assortment mass measuring with hydraulic dynamometer installed on a hydraulic
crane and discussion on factors influencing obtained results will be
presented in this paper.
Impact of vehicle movement simulation on the size of forest road traveled way widening in small radius curves
Authors: Stojnic Dusan , Janic Milorad , Zlatanovic Milorad , Stefanovic Bogdan
Published: November 2015

Smooth movement of vehicles on forest roads necessarily requires widening of
the traveled way in small radius curves. This paper presents the results of a
comparison of two methods for determining the required widening of a forest
road traveled way in small radius curves: the traditional method based on
formulas and the traces curve method, obtained by simulating the movement of
vehicles. Both methods were applied in the preparation of the Main project of
reconstruction of the forest road ?Rasadnik - Pustinac? with a length of
5.285 km in the teaching base of the Faculty of Forestry ?Majdanpecka
domena?. In the project which determined the traveled way widening by the
traces curve method, the total area of the surfacing was by 2.79% smaller
than the area of the surfacing in the project which determined the widening
using a formula. The width of the traveled way directly affected the scale of
earthworks. In the first case, the volume of the cut was by 4.17% lower than
in the second one. The volume of the filling decreased by 7.05%, and the
amount of material needed for making the surfacing decreased by 2.94%. A
smaller volume of earthworks and material required for pavement construction
in the preparation of the Main project of reconstruction, in which the size
of widening was calculated by the traces curve method, influenced the
estimated value of reconstruction is lower by 3.34% than the total cost of
reconstruction obtained in the preparation of the Main project of the same
forest road reconstruction that calculated the widening size using the
traditional method.
Study on the correlation of toughness with chemical composition and tensile test results in microalloyed API pipeline steels
Authors: Pouraliakbar H. , Khalaj G. , Jandaghi M.R. , Khalaj M.J.
Published: November 2015

In this investigation, an artificial neural network model with feed forward
topology and back propagation algorithm was developed to predict the
toughness (area underneath of stress-strain curve) of high strength low
alloy steels. The inputs of the neural network included the weight
percentage of 15 alloying elements and the tensile test results such as
yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation. Developing the
model, 118 different steels from API X52 to X70 grades were used. The
developed model was validated with 26 other steels from the data set that
were not used for the model development. Additionally, the model was also
employed to predict the toughness of 26 newly tested steels. The predicted
values were in very good agreement with the measured ones indicating that
the developed model was very accurate and had the great ability for
predicting the toughness of pipeline steels.
Composite Resin Core Buildups With and Without Post for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars Without Ferrule
Authors: Magne P , Goldberg J , Edelhoff D , Güth J-F
Published: November 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the restoration of highly damaged, broken-down endodontically treated molars without the ferrule effect using glass ceramic crowns on different dual-cure composite resin core buildups.

Methods and Materials

Thirty (N=30, n=15) decoronated, endodontically treated teeth (no ferrule) were restored without a ferrule with a direct buildup using the dual-curing composite Multicore HB (group MHB) or the dual-curing composite core buildup Multicore Flow in combination with glass-fiber–reinforced composite post (FRC post; group MFP). All teeth were prepared to receive bonded glass ceramic crowns (Empress CAD luted with Variolink II) and were subjected to accelerated fatigue testing. Cyclic isometric loading was applied to the palatal cusp at an angle of 30 degrees and a frequency of 5 Hz, beginning with a load of 200 N (×5000 cycles), followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N at a maximum of 30,000 cycles each. Specimens were loaded until failure or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis (log rank test at p=0.05). Average fracture loads and number of survived cycles were compared with one-way analysis of variance (Scheffé post hoc at p=0.05). Previously published data from the same authors about core buildups made of high-performance polymers (group HPP, n=15) and light-curing composite resin without FRC posts (group TEC, n=15) and with FRC posts (group TECP, n=15) using the same experimental setup were included for comparison.

Results

None of the tested specimen withstood all 185,000 load cycles. There was no significant difference in mean fracture load (p=0.376), survived cycles (p=0.422), and survival (p=0.613) between MHB (facture load 859.4 N±194.92) and MFP (796.13 N±156.34). Group HPP from a previous study appeared to have significantly higher performance than all other groups except MHB. All groups with posts were affected by an initial failure phenomenon (wide gap at the margin between the buildup/crown assembly and the root).

Conclusions

HPP and MHB enhanced the performance of all-ceramic leucite-reinforced glass ceramic crowns, and insertion of a fiber-reinforced composite post was not influential when using other materials.