bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divorce vs. Divorceness: An Analysis of Postdivorce Status
Authors: Smith Kevin B. , Seelbach Wayne C.
Published: May 2018

The authors introduce and develop the concept of “divorceness,” and test its utility using a sample of divorced women. Correlations between divorceness and postdivorce experiences are documented and implications for social work educators, researchers, and practitioners are presented.
Alcoholism and Coexisting Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Mulinski Paul
Published: May 2018

Many clients have both alcoholism and mental health problems. Inexperienced clinicians may treat either the alcoholism or the psychiatric disorder, which results in fragmented or inadequate treatment. Uncoordinated service delivery systems may also undermine treatment.
The West Indian Family: Treatment Challenges
Authors: Thrasher Shirley , Anderson Gary
Published: May 2018

The authors discuss the culture-specific problems faced by West Indian immigrants who received treatment at the East Brooklyn Prevention Program. The characteristics, patterns, and functioning of this population must be identified before effective treatment can occur.
Nonlinear vibration control for flexible manipulator using 1: 1 internal resonance absorber
Authors: Bian Yushu , Gao Zhihui
Published: May 2018

The main task of this paper is to put forward a vibration absorption method for attenuating nonlinear vibration of the flexible manipulator based on modal interaction. A vibration absorber is suggested to establish the 1:1 internal resonance state with the flexible manipulator, thereby transferring the vibration energy from the flexible manipulator to the vibration absorber. In the presence of damping, the vibration energy of the flexible manipulator can be effectively dissipated by the vibration absorber. Since this method puts an emphasis on constructing an internal energy transfer channel between the flexible manipulator and the vibration absorber rather than directly responding to external excitations, it is particularly convenient to reduce nonlinear vibration induced by unknown external excitations. Numerical simulations and virtual prototyping simulations have verified this method’s feasibility.
Free Flow versus Fair Flow: Revisiting the New World Information and Communication Order debates in the global era
Authors: Hannah Mark
Published: May 2018

This study reexamines the political and cultural dimensions of the New World Information and Communication Order debates, which were hosted by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization during the height of the Cold War. By both revealing stakes of – and enacting the values underpinning – the contest between the ‘free flow’ and ‘fair flow’ models of the press, these debates helped determine the eventual trajectory of the globalization of journalism. After an historical review which synthesizes contemporaneous press coverage and scholarly accounts, the author offers an analysis which emphasizes the disparate cultural commitments and the ‘performance’ of opposition by various actors (including journalists, academics, and government officials) on each side of the debate. Although there has been significant scholarly inquiry into the New World Information and Communication Order debates and the ‘MacBride Report’ which emerged from them, much of the previous research has focused each side’s distinct political or economic interests. By examining these debates through the lens of culture, this study illuminates the competing opinions, attitudes, and beliefs which contributed to the United States’ withdrawal in protest from the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (and to its reentry 20 years later) and the rise of international press freedom advocacy organizations. At a moment when elected leaders in the United States are once again ambivalent regarding their commitment to international institutions and their leadership position within international press freedom advocacy, this historical analysis offers an instructive account of a past breakdown in official diplomacy and revisits the values underpinning Western ideals of press freedom.
Game Jam as Feminist Methodology: The Affective Labors of Intervention in the Ludic Economy
Authors: Kennedy Helen W.
Published: May 2018

This article examines the evidenced and the potential impact of all-female games jams as an element within a feminist interventionist approach to improving women’s equal participation within the ludic economies of the games industry. The article examines two specific projects—a single-site 24-hr event that took place in 2012 and a restaging of the format 4 years later across five different sites in the United Kingdom. These two case studies offer two critical contributions to the ongoing research regarding the wider challenges of diversifying games design, games development, and games culture more generally. The first is a consideration of the range of labors—free, hopeful, and affective—that underpins these endeavors and provides a significant contribution in general to the ludic economy. The second is valuable evidence of the impact and ongoing validity of these all-female initiatives as an effective and transformative methodology for feminist intervention.
Practical Significance: The Use of Effect Sizes in School Counseling Research
Authors: Sink Christopher A. , Stroh Heather R.
Published: May 2018

In response to the increasing call by professional organizations, journal editors, and statisticians to include not only derived significance levels from quantitative statistical procedures but also measures of effect sizes (ES), this article first provides a rationale for school counseling-related researchers to include these key indices in their studies. We contend that with this information, readers are better able to contextualize and properly interpret research findings and conclusions. Second, the three major ES families and the indices associated with each one are reviewed. Next, the influence of various research designs and differing sample sizes on the size of these effects is discussed, followed by an introduction to ES computation, reporting, and interpretation, particularly as these issues relate to school counseling settings. Practical examples, ES summary tables, and supplementary resources are overviewed as well.
Involving Low-Income Parents and Parents of Color in College Readiness Activities: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Holcomb-McCoy Cheryl
Published: May 2018

This article describes an exploratory and descriptive study that examined the parental involvement beliefs, attitudes, and activities of 22 high schoåol counselors who work in high-poverty and high-minority schools. More specifically, this study examined school counselors’ beliefs and activities about involving parents in the college admission process. The results indicated that the participants believe that working with parents about college opportunities is a major part of their job. A majority of the participants also reported that they spend “some time” conferencing with parents about college admissions and a majority reported that they “never” organize parent volunteer activities. Implications for school counselor practice and future research are discussed.
Crossing Cultural Frontiers: Studies in the History of World Christianity
Authors: Carpenter Joel A.
Published: May 2018

This review essay highlights the thought of Andrew F. Walls, the renowned interpreter of the history of world Christianity. World Christianity is normative Christianity, Walls argues, a portable religion for people on the move. Walls also addresses what it means to be a scholar of missions and world Christianity. The work demands humility because it addresses missions, an activity long thought marginal. It calls for extraordinary scholarly range and diligence, and it addresses questions and data long neglected by other disciplines. Even so, the study of world Christianity is critical to the renewal of Christianity in our time.
Next-generation tobacco and nicotine products
Authors: Peitsch Manuel C , Polosa Riccardo , Proctor Christopher , Hassler Thord , Gaca Marianna , Hill Erin , Hoeng Julia , Hayes A Wallace
Published: May 2018

A framework for the assessment of novel next-generation tobacco and nicotine products with the potential to reduce health risks compared with cigarettes should integrate scientific studies incorporating nonclinical, clinical, and population studies approaches. These products should have lower emissions and exhibit reduced biological effects compared with those of cigarettes, ideally approaching those of smoking cessation. The products should also be acceptable cigarette alternatives for current smokers, while not appealing to nonsmokers or former smokers. Validating harm reduction and promoting regulatory acceptance of the assessment methods require a collaborative approach by industry, independent reviewers, the public health community, and regulatory agencies. This article summarizes the science and approaches applied and considered to substantiate tobacco harm reduction in the light of regulatory requirements, presented at the 53rd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology, 2017.
The role of prefrontal–subcortical circuitry in negative bias in anxiety: Translational, developmental and treatment perspectives
Authors: Carlisi Christina O. , Robinson Oliver J.
Published: May 2018

Anxiety disorders are the most common cause of mental ill health in the developed world, but our understanding of symptoms and treatments is not presently grounded in knowledge of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this review, we discuss accumulating work that points to a role for prefrontal–subcortical brain circuitry in driving a core psychological symptom of anxiety disorders – negative affective bias. Specifically, we point to converging work across humans and animal models, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between dorsal and ventral prefrontal–amygdala circuits in promoting and inhibiting negative bias, respectively. We discuss how the developmental trajectory of these circuits may lead to the onset of anxiety during adolescence and, moreover, how effective pharmacological and psychological treatments may serve to shift the balance of activity within this circuitry to ameliorate negative bias symptoms. Together, these findings may bring us closer to a mechanistic, neurobiological understanding of anxiety disorders and their treatment.
Illuminating the Carolingian era: new discoveries as a result of scientific analyses
Authors: Denoël Charlotte , Roger Puyo Patricia , Brunet Anne-Marie , Siloe Nathalie Poulain
Published: May 2018

Comparing information from the ancient texts about the illumination of the manuscripts to the analysis of the components used to create colour in illuminations sheds interesting light. Our research team studied several manuscripts from the Carolingian era issued from different sources including: the Gospels of St Riquier kept in the library of Abbeville (ms. 4), two Theodulphe’s Bibles, (Orléans-Fleury, BnF lat.11937 and BnF lat.9380), the Godescalc Evangelistary (BnF NAL 1203), the Gospels of St Denis (BnF lat.9387) and the Gospels of St Médard de Soissons (BnF lat.8850), the last three from the court of Charlemagne, and all preserved at the French National Library. These most luxurious manuscripts were written and illuminated between the late eighth century and the first quarter of the ninth century. Through non-destructive portable visual and spectrometric analysis, our research team was able to identify the palette of materials used in scripts and illuminations and especially highlighted the amazing use of Egyptian blue in a very specific part of the illumination in the Godescalc Evangelistary. Our team also found that some substitutes including folium had been used instead of Tyrian purple for the decoration and to dye the parchment. These manuscripts, produced at the initiative of various patrons during Charlemagne’s reign, reveal in the light of the material analysis and the reconstitutions’ experiments by professional illuminators their differences and, beyond, the artistic diversity of this very particular period called the Carolingian Renaissance.
Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Girum Tadele , Wasie Abebaw
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Along with increasing availability and utilization of contraception, it is also important to confirm the effects of contraception use on resumption of fertility after discontinuation. However, current evidence on resumption of fertility after contraception use is inconclusive and practical fertility after termination of contraception remains a big concern for women who are using contraception. This fear poses a negative impact on the utilization and continuation of contraception. Therefore, estimating the rate of pregnancy resumption after contraceptive use from the available reports and identifying the associating factors are important for designing a strategy to overcome the problem.

Methods

The review was conducted through a systematic literature search of articles published between 1985 and 2017. Five bibliographic databases and libraries: PubMed/Medline, Global Health Database, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and African Index Medicus were used. After cleaning and sorting, analysis was performed using STATA version 11. The pooled rate of conception was estimated with a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 and publication bias through funnel plot.

Results

Twenty two studies that enrolled a total of 14,884 women who discontinued contraception were retained for final analysis. The pooled rate of pregnancy was 83.1% (95% CI = 78.2-88%) within the first 12 months of contraceptive discontinuation. It was not significantly different for hormonal methods and IUD users. Similarly the type of progesterone in specific contraception option and duration of oral-contraceptive use do not significantly influence the return of fertility following cessation of contraception. However the effect of parity in the resumption of pregnancy following cessation of contraception was inconclusive.

Conclusion and recommendation

Contraceptive use regardless of its duration and type does not have a negative effect on the ability of women to conceive following termination of use and it doesn’t significantly delay fertility. Therefore, appropriate counseling is important to assure the women to use the methods as to their interest.
Aldolase A promotes proliferation and G1/S transition via the EGFR/MAPK pathway in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fu Hailu , Gao Huijun , Qi Xiaoyu , Zhao Lei , Wu Donghua , Bai Yuxin , Li Huimin , Liu Xuan , Hu Jun , Shao Shujuan
Published: May 2018

Background

Our previous study demonstrated that aldolase A (ALDOA) is overexpressed in clinical human lung squamous cell carcinoma and that ALDOA promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to explore the function of ALDOA in the modulation of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and cell cycle progression and the potential mechanism.

Methods

ALDOA was knocked down by short hairpin RNA in H520 and H1299 cells. ALDOA was overexpressed with vectors carrying the full‐length ALDOA sequence in H1299 and H157 cells. The proliferation capacities were assessed with immunohistochemical staining, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays. The cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry, and molecular alterations were determined by western blotting. Cell synchronization was induced with nocodazole. The stability of cyclin D1 mRNA was tested. The pyruvate kinase M2 and ALDOA protein distributions were examined. Aerobic glycolysis was evaluated with Cell Titer‐Glo assay, glucose colorimetric assay and lactate colorimetric assay.

Results

ALDOA knockdown inhibited the proliferation and G1/S transition in H520 cells. Conversely, ALDOA overexpression promoted the proliferation and G1/S transition in H157 cells. The cell cycle synchronization assay showed that ALDOA expression increased in the G1 phase and G1/S transition. Furthermore, ALDOA knockdown reduced cyclin D1 expression by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (EGFR/MAPK) pathway. Similar results were found in H1299 and H157 cells. The inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 prompted the nuclear distribution of ALDOA. Additionally, ALDOA knockdown reduced nuclear distribution of PKM2, the extracellular lactate and intracellular adenosine triphosphate concentrations and elevated the extracellular glucose concentration.

Conclusions

ALDOA contributed to activation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway, thus promoting cyclin D1 expression and enhancing proliferation and G1/S transition in NSCLC. Additionally, ALDOA facilitated NSCLC aerobic glycolysis.
Dynamic nuclear envelope phenotype in rats overexpressing mutated human torsinA protein
Authors: Yu-Taeger Libo , Gaiser Viktoria , Lotzer Larissa , Roenisch Tina , Fabry Benedikt Timo , Stricker-Shaver Janice , Casadei Nicolas , Walter Michael , Schaller Martin , Riess Olaf , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Ott Thomas , Grundmann-Hauser Kathrin
Published: May 2018

A three-base-pair deletion in the human TOR1A gene is causative for the most common form of primary dystonia, the early-onset dystonia type 1 (DYT1 dystonia). The pathophysiological consequences of this mutation are still unknown.

To study the pathology of the mutant torsinA (TOR1A) protein, we have generated a transgenic rat line that overexpresses the human mutant protein under the control of the human TOR1A promoter. This new animal model was phenotyped with several approaches, including behavioral tests and neuropathological analyses. A motor phenotype and cellular and ultrastructural key features of torsinA pathology were found in this new transgenic rat line supporting that it can be used as a model system for investigating the disease development. Analyses of mutant TOR1A protein expression in various brain regions also showed a dynamic expression pattern and a reversible nuclear envelope pathology. These findings suggest the differential vulnerabilities of distinct neuronal subpopulations. Furthermore the reversibility of the nuclear envelope pathology might be a therapeutic target to treat the disease.
Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects
Authors: Lashley Tammaryn , Schott Jonathan M. , Weston Philip , Murray Christina E. , Wellington Henny , Keshavan Ashvini , Foti Sandrine C. , Foiani Martha , Toombs Jamie , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: May 2018

The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma, which cause synapse and neuronal loss. This leads to clinical symptoms, such as progressive memory deficits. Clinically, these pathological changes can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and with brain imaging, although reliable blood tests for plaque and tangle pathologies remain to be developed. Plaques and tangles often co-exist with other brain pathologies, including aggregates of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 and Lewy bodies, but the extent to which these contribute to the severity of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. In this ‘At a glance’ article and poster, we summarise the molecular biomarkers that are being developed to detect Alzheimer's disease and its related pathologies. We also highlight the biomarkers that are currently in clinical use and include a critical appraisal of the challenges associated with applying these biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, also in their prodromal clinical phases.
Glass half empty? Lessons learned about gastroparesis
Authors: McKenzie Patrick , Bielefeldt Klaus
Published: May 2018

Gastroparesis is defined as a combination of chronic dyspeptic symptoms and delayed emptying of a solid test meal. It remains a difficult-to-treat disorder with a significant impact on quality of life. Although gastroparesis is defined by delayed emptying, several important studies did not find a correlation between this biomarker and symptom severity or treatment success. Thus, some of the more recent trials explored strategies that ranged from antiemetics to antidepressants. Although dietary management showed benefit, most of the other interventions were barely superior to placebo or were not superior at all. Placebo responses were often quite high and this complicates the assessment of active agents. While it complicates the design and interpretation of clinical trials, high response rates for active and sham interventions indicate that we can achieve symptom relief in many patients and thus give them some reassurance. If indeed most therapies are only marginally better than placebo, the differences in adverse effects should be weighed more strongly, a point that is especially important in view of the controversy surrounding metoclopramide. Mechanistic studies introduced the network of macrophages as another potentially important player in the development of gastroparesis. Results are too preliminary and are largely based on preclinical data but show up- and downregulation of cellular elements controlling gastric function. Thus, future developments may teach us how they interfere with some of these mechanisms in clinical settings, potentially making gastroparesis a reversible process.
Oral care in adult critical care
Authors: Buley Harriet
Published: May 2018

Patients in ICU require specialist care and are dependent on a multidisciplinary team to complete even the most simple of daily tasks. Harriet Buley explains how dental professionals can make a difference
Periodontal records – staying out of trouble
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: May 2018

Periodontal treatment can be a significant cause of patient complaint or claim. Andrew Collier illustrates the importance of records in helping to prevent those problems
Please hold the line: setting up a telecare service for stoma patients using Skype
Authors: Hughes Danielle
Published: May 2018

Telehealth is an efficient and cost-effective way to follow up patients discharged after the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway. Colorectal and stoma care clinical nurse specialist (CNS) teams explored giving patients the option to have their follow-up appointment via the online videotelephony application Skype, instead of by telephone. A literature review returned no applicable results. A pilot study of patients going through colorectal preoperative assessment showed that there was interest in the idea, but that not all patients were able to access Skype. Seven participants returned questionnaires reporting unanimous satisfaction with the service. To improve patient access, tablets were procured and given to those stoma patients undergoing planned surgery who did not have their own device. Video calls allow for visual assessment of the patient, as well as personalised face-to-face interaction. The CNS teams aim to roll this service out further by increasing access for patients.
Ultrasound-assisted debridement of neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers, clinical and microbiological effects: a case series
Authors: Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco Javier , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Molines-Barroso Raúl Juan , García-Morales Esther , Sevillano-Fernández David
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of sequential wound debridement in a case series of neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) using an ultrasound-assisted wound debridement (UAW) device.

Method:

A prospective, single-centre study, involving a case series of 24 neuroischaemic DFUs, was conducted to evaluate sequential wound debridement with UAW during a six-week treatment period. Soft tissue punch biopsies were taken every second week of treatment, both before and after wound debridement sessions. Qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis was performed and wounds were assessed at patient admission, and before and after each debridement procedure.

Results:

Wound tissue quality scores improved significantly from a mean score of 2.1±1.3 points at patient inclusion, to 5.3±1.7 points (p=0.001). Mean wound sizes were 4.45cm2 (range: 2–12.25cm2) at week zero, and 2.75cm2 (range: 1.67–10.70cm2) at week six (p=0.04). The mean number of bacterial species per culture determined at week zero and at week six was 2.53±1.55 and 1.90±1.16, respectively (p=0.023). Wound debridement resulted in significant decreases in bacterial counts (1.17, 1.31 and 0.77 log units in colony forming units (CFU) for week zero, three and six, respectively). The average bacterial load in tissue samples before and after wound debridement after the six-week treatment was Log 5.55±0.91CFU/g and Log 4.59±0.89CFU/g, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

The study results showed a significant bacterial load reduction in DFU tissue samples as a result of UAW debridement, independent of bacterial species, some of which exhibited antibiotic-resistance. Significant bacterial load reduction was correlated with improved wound conditions and significant reductions of wound size.
Comparison of antimicrobial activity of selected, commercially available wound dressing materials
Authors: Szweda Piotr , Gorczyca Grzegorz , Tylingo Robert
Published: May 2018

Objective:

The aim of our study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of eight selected, commercially available wound dressings containing different antimicrobial agents: silver, chlorhexidine acetate, povidone-iodine, and manuka honey.

Method:

The materials were tested against four reference strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (PCM 2051), Staphylococcus epidermidis (PCM 2118), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Escherichia coli (K12), using the disc diffusion-like method and a time-killing assay.

Results:

For both experiments, the highest activity against all four tested strains of bacteria was observed in the case of Mepilex Ag, which contains silver as an antibacterial agent. Incubation for four hours of a 10x10mm2 piece of this material in 10ml cells suspension (concentration: 109–1010CFU/ml) resulted in complete elimination of bacteria of all four strains tested. The same results were obtained for a povidone-iodine containing dressing, Inadine, though its activity was lower in the disc diffusion assay. Silvercel, Aquacel Ag and Melgisorb Ag, which also contain silver, also exhibited a satisfactory level of activity. In the case of Aquacel Ag, 24 hours' incubation resulted in complete elimination of the cells of both Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The Escherichia coli cells were killed after only four hours' treatment. High effectiveness against Escherichia coli was also demonstrated for Silvercel. However, 24 hours' includation was required for complete elimination of the cells of this bacteria strain. High activity against all tested bacteria, but only in the disc diffusion assay, was observed for Algivon, which contains manuka honey. The Medisorb Silver Pad, containing silver, and Bactigras, which contains chlorhexidine acetate, revealed much lower antimicrobial activity, particularly noticeable in the time-killing assay. In addition, we also tested the anti-staphylococcal activity of a biopolymer material impregnated with lysostaphin. Results revealed that its activity against Staphylococcus aureus was comparable to the most active wound dressings impregnated with silver or inadine.

Conclusion:

Some important differences in the antimicrobial potential of investigated materials have been found. The presented results could be of interest to clinicians managing wounds.
High dose oral vitamin C and mesenchymal stem cells aid wound healing in a diabetic mouse model
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Susama , Sukpat Supakanda , Duangpatra Jatuporn , Buppajarntham Saranya , Decharatanachart Pakanat , Mutirangura Apiwat , Patumraj Suthiluk
Published: May 2018

Objective:

This study sought to determine the effects of oral vitamin C (VitC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on wound healing in diabetic nude mice.

Method:

Bilateral, full-skin thickness wounds were created as an in vivo wound model in BALB/C diabetic nude mice. The mice were separated into five groups: control (CON); diabetes mellitus (DM, from a streptozotocin injection); DM treated with MSCs (DM+MSCs); DM treated with VitC (DM+VitC), and DM treated with MSCs and VitC (DM+MSCs+VitC). After wounding, daily oral-feeding of high dose VitC (1.5g/l) was administered, and a single dose of MSCs (1x106 cells) was given topically using matrix gel application to the wounded area.

Results:

At day seven, the lowest rate of wound healing, in terms of percentage of wound closure, appeared in the DM group, as compared with the CON and all other treatment groups (mean percentage of wound closure and standard deviation), CON=75.94±7.09%; DM=55.65±9.59%; DM+MSCs=78.57±6.46%; DM+VitC=77.52±3.31%; and DM+MSCs+VitC=84.61±2.87%, p≤0.05. At day 14 post-wounding, the combination of oral high dose VitC and MSCs accelerated wound healing (91.44±3.19%, p≤0.05). In addition, the highest capillary density in DM+MSCs+VitC was obtained at 14 days post-wounding (29.49±7.30%, p≤0.05).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study highlight the possibility of using oral high dose VitC in adjunct to MSCs to increase angiogenesis and accelerate diabetic wound healing in an animal model. This novel therapeutic approach should be studied further to test if it could be a useful adjunct of existing therapies to prevent infection and amputation in patients with diabetes.
Differences between the use of PGDs and PSDs in primary care
Authors: Adsley Rosemary
Published: May 2018

The use of both Patient Specific Directions (PSDs) and Patient Group Directions (PGDs) is commonplace in primary care. This article will provide a brief overview of the two directions and highlight some similarities and differences between them. It will also provide examples of the situations where each type of direction is currently used and discuss some of the benefits that one type of direction may have over another in certain situations.
Best practice in prescribing off-label medication for children
Authors: Bennett Michelle
Published: May 2018

Prescribing for children differs from other patient groups for many reasons including pharmacokinetics, adherence and concordance, potential long-term side effects and the practicalities of medication formulation. Another important element of prescribing that must be considered by the non-medical prescriber is that many medications available for children are prescribed out of their licence or unlicensed. This article explores the accountability, ethics and law regarding prescribing unlicensed or out-of-licence medication for children. Examples from the author's area of practice are included and standards and frameworks available to support the non-medical prescriber in prescribing off-label medication for children are identified.
To prescribe or not prescribe?
Authors: Bennett Michelle
Published: May 2018

Undertaking the non-medical prescribing course can be very daunting, yet rewarding. In this column, Michelle Bennett describes her journey on this course and in her first few months as a non-medical prescriber in children's pain management
Danza contemporánea y sincronía musicovisual en el videoclip musical actual
Authors: Guarinos-Galán Virginia , Sedeño-Valdellós Ana
Published: May 2018

El video musical  se ha convertido en un catalizador en la escena audiovisual actual, lo que permite localizar tendencias como centro de hibridación entre medios y lenguajes como la música y la danza. Ello le permite generar mensajes emocionalmente significativos para los espectadores. La danza contemporánea ofrece un tipo de performance o puesta en escena especialmente empleada en el videoclip en los últimos años. En el texto se realiza un análisis exploratorio de una muestra de videoclips donde la danza contemporánea es la protagonista y se relacionan con formas de sincronía musicovisual. Se establecen una serie de criterios de análisis aplicables a una muestra intencional y se propone una clasificación en relación al tipo de sincronía que forma. Las resultados permiten diferenciar tres tipos de videoclip según el uso de la danza. Las conclusiones apuntan que este tipo de videoclip prefiere la sincronía kinética y una tipología performance o performance/conceptual, entre otras soluciones visuales.
Formatos y sectores en el branded content musical: videoclip y moda, pop stars de la musicidad
Authors: Sánchez-Olmos Cande
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación profundiza en las relaciones entre la música y la publicidad y más concretamente analiza los contenidos o branded content musical producidos por marcas. El análisis de relación entre la música y la publicidad establece a priori una relación simbiótica que plantea un reto: la necesidad de crear el concepto musicidad para explicar cómo y por qué las marcas utilizan la música como vehículo de conexión con una audiencia que rechaza la publicidad convencional. Para ello, observamos qué tipos de sectores producen música y qué forma tienen los contenidos creados por las marcas. Con el objetivo de alcanzar el reto, seleccionamos una muestra de 165 contenidos musicales puestos en circulación por cien marcas distintas entre 2009 y 2013 y aplicamos un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. La investigación arroja resultados interesantes. Por un lado, las marcas apuestan por el videoclip como formato para conectar con los consumidores. Por otro lado, las marcas de moda son las más activas en la creación de contenidos musicales. Por último, se demuestra cómo las marcas se han introducido en el negocio de la industria de la música a través de la producción de contenidos musicales y de entretenimiento.
O cotidiano escolar do coordenador pedagógico: diversidades, tensões e possibilidades
Authors: Oliveira Jane Cordeiro de
Published: May 2018

O texto é parte de duas pesquisas qualitativas que tratam do cotidiano do coordenador pedagógico e dos desafios enfrentados no decorrer de seu trabalho. Questões: O que é entendido como cotidiano escolar no entendimento do coordenador pedagógico? Como o coordenador pedagógico trabalha, de acordo com as suas atribuições, no cotidiano escolar? Quais são os desafios que o coordenador encontra em seu trabalho cotidiano? Objetivo: Apresentar diversidades, tensões e possibilidades existentes no cotidiano do coordenador pedagógico, analisando os depoimentos dos sujeitos no exercício de seus cotidianos. Nossos referenciais foram: André (2003) e Pais (2003) que tratam da organização do trabalho escolar e das “ritualidades” como conceitos de cotidiano. O coordenador enfrenta desafios vindos do cotidiano tendo em vista a falta de profissionais e ele necessita assumir tarefas que não são inerentes a sua atribuição. O coordenador, mesmo frente às dificuldades vindas da infraestrutura ele tenta manter a organização escolar.
Pedagogias culturais no seriado Modern Family
Authors: Kornatzki Luciana , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar algumas pedagogias culturais produzidas pelo seriado norte-americano Modern Family, a partir das suas diferentes configurações familiares, das relações de parentesco que se estabelecem e das personagens que o compõem. Entende-se que as mídias possuem pedagogias culturais que contribuem para a produção de percepções e entendimentos sobre o significado de família, assim como educam os sujeitos, pois são capazes de produzir subjetividades e interferir no modo como as pessoas percebem a si e ao mundo. As pedagogias culturais de família presentes em Modern Family são produtoras de novas identidades de ser pai, mãe, filho ou filha, bem como de todo um conjunto de relações de parentesco que mobilizam os sujeitos na constituição de suas subjetividades.
Modelo IS–LM: Simulación matemática y aplicación en México
Authors: Sánchez–Juárez Isaac
Published: May 2018

El artículo presenta el procedimiento y resultado de la simulación matemática de políticas fiscales y monetarias a partir del modelo IS-LM, con un enfoque clásico y keynesiano. La intención es demostrar que las actuales políticas macroeconómicas en México se basan en el principio de austeridad presupuestaria y astringencia monetaria, lo que ha favorecido el bajo crecimiento económico, una pobre generación de empleo formal y estabilidad en precios. Las simulaciones se realizaron en Excel para Windows a través de la aplicación de un módulo integrado al programa, conocido como Solver, que permite encontrar soluciones a un sistema de ecuaciones. El resultado obtenido de mayor relevancia es la constatación de que las políticas expansivas en el mundo keynesiano favorecen la producción y el empleo. Esto se contrastó con datos de la economía mexicana, lo que permite proponer un cambio de prioridades en los objetivos y uso de los instrumentos económicos por parte de las autoridades para superar la etapa actual de estabilización ralentizadora y transitar hacia un modelo de dinamismo productivo sostenible.
Der NS-Funktionär und seine private Bibliothek
Authors: Flauaus Charlet
Published: May 2018

Martin Bormanns Privatbibliothek, die zu großen Teilen in den Anfangsbestand der Bibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz bei deren Neugründung im Jahre 1946 einging, hält keine größeren Überraschungen hinsichtlich der Interessen des ehemaligen NS-Funktionärs bereit. Zahlenmäßig überwiegen Titel zum Thema „Kirche/Jesuitenorden“, Literatur nationalsozialistischer Autoren und deren Vordenker, aus den Bereichen Geschichte und Militär. Bormann war erwiesenermaßen involviert in den Bücherraub der Nazis. Privat scheint er sich allerdings nicht an beschlagnahmtem und zwangsverkauftem Besitz bereichert zu haben.
Nonsyndromic extremely premature eruption of teeth in preterm neonates – a report of three cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Merglova Vlasta
Published: May 2018

Objective

Preterm birth is connected to a delay in the development and eruption of primary teeth. The aim of the study is to present clinical findings, complications and management of prematurely erupted primary teeth.

Subjects

Three premature neonates with prematurely erupted teeth were examined during a 3-year period. The gender, gestational age, birthweight, mode of delivery and general health status were recorded. The literature search was conducted using several databases.

Results

The intraoral examination of three premature neonates revealed the presence of partially erupted lower central incisors. All teeth erupted between 4 and 6 weeks after preterm birth and were extracted due to their hypermobility. Two retrospective studies and 10 case reports concerning preterm infants with natal or neonatal teeth were found.

Conclusion

Careful examination of preterm infants with natal or neonatal teeth is very important not only for a treatment decision but also for the possible presence of syndromic conditions.
Chemical Cross-Linking of 6FDA-6FPA Polyimides for Gas Permeation Membranes
Authors: López-Badillo Maribel , Galicia-Aguilar José Alberto , Ortiz-Muñoz Esiquio , Hernández-Rodríguez Gabriel , Del Valle-Soto Fernando Humberto
Published: May 2018

In this work, 4,4ʹ-hexafluoroisopropiliden anhydride diftalic (6FDA) and 4,4ʹ-hexafluoropropiliden bis(p-phenilenoxi) dianiline (6FPA) polyimides were synthesized by two step polycondensation. The polyimides were utilized in the dense membrane formation by casting solution method. The membranes were cross–linked by immersion in a 1,5-pentadiamine in methanol solution prepared at different concentrations. The fraction of insoluble mass indicates the cross-linking degree, which varies from 0 to 1. In the other hand, the fractional free volume (FFV) calculated from Bondi theory decreases as the cross-linking degree increases in the membrane. The membranes were tested in the permeation of pure H2, CO2, N2 and CH4 gases. The results exhibited that permeability of the cross-linked membranes increases compared to the uncross-linked membrane. In the other hand, gas permselectivity data where located in the Robeson´s diagram being near to upper limit for the H2/CO2 pair of gases. The membranes are good candidates to carry out the low molecular weight’s gas separation.
Creative linguistic impoliteness as aggression in Stanley Kubrick’sFull Metal Jacket
Authors: Bousfield Derek , McIntyre Dan
Published: May 2018

Stanley Kubrick’s anti-war filmFull Metal Jacket(1987) dramatically represents US Marine Corps basic training during the Vietnam War as both gruelling and brutalising. The brutal, linguistically aggressive and physically intimidating scenes purport to detail the dehumanising process that Marine Corps recruits were put through in preparation for combat during that period. In the film, the recruits are trained by Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, played by the actor R. Lee Ermey, who is himself an ex-Marine Corps drill instructor (1965–1967) and who also served in Vietnam in 1968. As a result of his experience as an instructor, Ermey was given free rein by Kubrick to write his own dialogue for the abusive barrack room and field training scenes in order to lend the drama an air of authenticity (see Ermey 2017). Within the fictional world of the film, the intense training and disciplinary regime ultimately causes one recruit, Private Leonard Lawrence, to crack psychologically. Private Lawrence is nicknamed ‘Gomer Pyle’ by Hartman upon their first meeting, this name being a direct allusion to the hapless character of the same name who was a US Marine recruit in the sitcomGomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., which ran from 1964–1969 – contemporaneously with the time period in whichFull Metal Jacketis set. This insulting allusion is merely the start of a long line of linguistically impolite/aggressive and ultimately physically aggressive interactions which Lawrence/Pyle suffers at the hands of Hartman, both directly and, later in the film as a result of Hartman’s orchestrations, from the other recruits. Under this unrelenting barrage of impoliteness, aggression, and abuse, Lawrence/Pyle eventually shoots Hartman dead before turning his rifle on himself and committing suicide. Thus, the film argues that the dehumanising effect of the basic training, which was ostensibly carried out to toughen up and mentally prepare conscripted recruits for combat in Vietnam, had a profound, brutalising and (potentially) utterly destructive effect on those subjected to it. In this article, we explore the creative linguistic aggression displayed by the character of Hartman. We focus particularly on the reasons underlying the creativity of Hartman’s impoliteness and aggression, and argue that these are essentially to foreground the seriousness of the training regime which the recruits must follow.
Characterization of Vegetable Oil–Based Nanocutting Fluids
Authors: Pasam Vamsi Krishna , Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Rapeti Padmini
Published: May 2018

The quality of a product in manufacturing is appraised by dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Among many factors that influence these two aspects cutting fluids stimulate the quality of machined surfaces by improving machining performance. Before they are applied to machining, it is essential to assess the viability of the cutting fluids. This is done by evaluating their basic properties. This paper is an attempt to evaluate thermophysical properties of vegetable oil–based nanocutting fluids in view of ecofriendly machining with a focus on enhanced machining performance. In view of this aspect, carbon nanotubes (CnT) and nanoboric acid (nBA) nanoparticles with variation in percentage of nanoparticle inclusions (NPI) are dispersed in coconut oil. The nanocutting fluids thus formulated are tested for density, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity. Specific heat and heat transfer coefficient are evaluated using empirical relations. It is observed that density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity increased with increase in NPI for CnT- and nBA-dispersed nanocutting fluids. Viscosity is found to decreasze with increase in temperature for both the types of nanocutting fluids. Specific heat increased slightly with increase in NPI from 0 % to 1.25 % for CnT-dispersed fluids, whereas a slight decrease was observed for nBA-dispersed fluids. Heat transfer coefficient has increased with increase in NPI for CnT-based fluids. Fluids dispersed with nBA exhibited an increase followed by a decrease in heat transfer coefficient with increase in NPI. On the whole, it is discerned that for CnT-dispersed coconut oil–based cutting fluids, basic properties are much better than those of their nBA counterparts.
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-aa Regulates Photoreceptor Synaptic Development to Mediate Visually Guided Behavior
Authors: Miller Andrew H. , Howe Hollis B. , Krause Bryan M. , Friedle Scott A. , Banks Matthew I. , Perkins Brian D. , Wolman Marc A.
Published: May 2018

To guide behavior, sensory systems detect the onset and offset of stimuli and process these distinct inputs via parallel pathways. In the retina, this strategy is implemented by splitting neural signals for light onset and offset via synapses connecting photoreceptors to ON and OFF bipolar cells, respectively. It remains poorly understood which molecular cues establish the architecture of this synaptic configuration to split light-onset and light-offset signals. A mutant with reduced synapses between photoreceptors and one bipolar cell type, but not the other, could reveal a critical cue. From this approach, we report a novel synaptic role forpregnancy-associated plasma protein aa(pappaa) in promoting the structure and function of cone synapses that transmit light-offset information. Electrophysiological and behavioral analyses indicatedpappaamutant zebrafish have dysfunctional cone-to-OFF bipolar cell synapses and impaired responses to light offset, but intact cone-to-ON bipolar cell synapses and light-onset responses. Ultrastructural analyses ofpappaamutant cones showed a lack of presynaptic domains at synapses with OFF bipolar cells.pappaais expressed postsynaptically to the cones during retinal synaptogenesis and encodes a secreted metalloprotease known to stimulate insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. Induction of dominant-negative IGF1 receptor expression during synaptogenesis reduced light-offset responses. Conversely, stimulating IGF1 signaling at this time improvedpappaamutants' light-offset responses and cone presynaptic structures. Together, our results indicate Pappaa-regulated IGF1 signaling as a novel pathway that establishes how cone synapses convey light-offset signals to guide behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDistinct sensory inputs, like stimulus onset and offset, are often split at distinct synapses into parallel circuits for processing. In the retina, photoreceptors and ON and OFF bipolar cells form discrete synapses to split neural signals coding light onset and offset, respectively. The molecular cues that establish this synaptic configuration to specifically convey light onset or offset remain unclear. Our work reveals a novel cue:pregnancy-associated plasma protein aa(pappaa), which regulates photoreceptor synaptic structure and function to specifically transmit light-offset information. Pappaa is a metalloprotease that stimulates local insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. IGF1 promotes various aspects of synaptic development and function and is broadly expressed, thus requiring local regulators, like Pappaa, to govern its specificity.