bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic risk management of a large public facilities portfolio: a New Zealand case study
Authors: Walsh Kevin Quinn , Jafarzadeh Reza , Short Nicola M. , Ingham Jason M.
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to assist facilities asset managers who are dealing with regulatory environments pertaining to earthquakes and buildings. These professionals can learn a great deal from the successes and short-comings of a case study programme from the Auckland Council Property Department (ACPD), which manages the public facilities portfolio for the largest local administrative region in New Zealand in both population and landmass.

Design/methodology/approach

ACPD has initiated its response to New Zealand’s earthquake mitigation mandates by identifying buildings most at risk to an earthquake in its large and varied portfolio through the use of a rapid building evaluation programme strategically targeted to vulnerable building types with consequential attributes, including service type, number of occupants, floor area and geographic location.

Findings

ACPD was able to rapidly cull down its portfolio of approximately 3,500 buildings to just over 100 “high-exposure” buildings in urgent need of evaluation, set priorities for future evaluations, estimate needed operational and capital expenditures for long-term planning and provide useful information to more general facilities management decision-making processes.

Originality/value

A number of major cities around the world in areas of high seismicity have enacted ordinances mandating seismic retrofitting. However, much of the existing guiding literature regarding earthquake-related portfolio evaluations and costs pertains to specific scenarios involving real or hypothetical earthquakes. This case study, in contrast, details the approach taken by a public portfolio owner responding to legal mandates and attempting to quantify and reduce its life-safety risk exposure across a large portfolio as efficiently as possible using readily available information, a rapid building evaluation programme and best-practice predictive models for consulting and construction work.
Symmetry reductions and rational non-traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-D Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur equation
Authors: Kang Xiao-rong , Daquan Xian
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out some new rational non-traveling wave solutions and to study localized structures for (2+1)-dimensional Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) equation.

Design/methodology/approach

Along with some special transformations, the Lie group method and the rational function method are applied to the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS equation.

Findings

Some new non-traveling wave solutions are obtained, including generalized rational solutions with two arbitrary functions of time variable.

Research limitations/implications

As a typical nonlinear evolution equation, some dynamical behaviors are also discussed.

Originality/value

With the help of the Lie group method, special transformations and the rational function method, new non-traveling wave solutions are derived for the AKNS equation by Maple software. These results are much useful for investigating some new localized structures and the interaction of waves in high-dimensional models, and enrich dynamical features of solutions for the higher dimensional systems.
Magnetohydrodynamic time-dependent computational natural convection flow, heat and mass transfer in inclined semi-circular enclosures
Authors: Rahman M.M. , Öztop Hakan F. , Saidur R. , Naim A.G. , Al-Salem Khaled S. , Ibrahim Talaat A.
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to make a numerical analysis on unsteady analysis of natural convection heat and mass transfer to obtain flow field, temperature distribution, and concentration distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

A finite element method is applied to solve governing equations of natural convection in curvilinear-shaped system for different parameters as thermal Rayleigh numbers (103=RaT=106), inclination angle (0°=φ=60°) and Hartmann numbers (0=Ha=100).

Findings

Both magnetic field and inclination angle can be used as control parameter on heat and mass transfer. Flow strength decreases almost 100 percent between Ha=0 and Ha=100 on behalf of the higher values of thermal Rayleigh number.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is to application of magnetic field on time-dependent natural convection flow, heat and mass transfer for curvilinear geometry.
Mapping the gendered ecosystem
Authors: Aidis Ruta , Weeks Julie
Published: November 2016

Purpose

There is a growing understanding that gender-blind business support measures do not assist women’s enterprise development to the extent that they assist its male equivalent. Focusing efforts specifically on women’s enterprise development, and measuring the impact of those efforts, is paramount. This paper aims to assess the evolution of two indices that analyze high-impact female entrepreneurship development: the Gender-Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) and the 2015 Global Women Entrepreneur Leaders Scorecard. Both utilize data from reliable data sources, yet are limited by the quality and availability of sex-disaggregated data. However, they differ in terms of variable choice, methodology and results.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors assess the evolution of two indices that analyze high-impact female entrepreneurship development. High-impact female entrepreneurship is defined as firms headed by women that are market-expanding, export-oriented and innovative. The assessment is focused on two new indices, the 2013 and 2014 Gender-GEDI and, the newly created measurement tool, the 2015 Global Women Entrepreneur Leaders Scorecard.

Findings

Both indices rely on existing data from reliable, internationally recognized data sets, yet are limited by the sex-disaggregated data that are currently available. However, they differ in terms of variable choice, methodology and results.

Originality/value

There is an increasing need by researchers and policy makers alike to consolidate existing data to better understand the existing barriers for women entrepreneurs and to be able to benchmark change. This paper assesses two indices that provide insights into the conditions for high-impact women entrepreneurs in a country comparative way.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of circular contacts at pure squeeze motion with micropolar lubricants
Authors: Chu Li Ming , Lin Jaw-Ren , Chang Yuh-Ping , Wu Chung-Chun
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to explore pure squeeze elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) motion of circular contacts with micropolar lubricants under constant load. The proposed model can reasonably calculate the pressure distributions, film thicknesses and normal squeeze velocities during the pure squeeze process.

Design/methodology/approach

The transient modified Reynolds equation is derived in polar coordinates using micropolar fluids theory. The finite difference method and the Gauss–Seidel iteration method are used to solve the transient modified Reynolds equation, the elasticity deformation equation, load balance equation and lubricant rheology equations simultaneously.

Findings

The simulation results reveal that the effect of the micropolar lubricant is equivalent to enhancing the lubricant viscosity. As the film thickness is enlarged, the central pressure and film thickness for micropolar lubricants are larger than those of Newtonian fluids under the same load in the elastic deformation stage. The greater the coupling parameter (N), the greater the maximum central pressure. However, the smaller the characteristic length (L), the greater the maximum central pressure. The time needed to achieve maximum central pressure increases with increasing N and L.

Originality/value

A numerical method for general applications was developed to investigate the effects of the micropolar lubricants at pure squeeze EHL motion of circular contacts under constant load.
Tribological behavior of four types of filler metals for hard facing under dry conditions
Authors: Arsić Dušan , Lazić Vukić , Mitrović Slobodan , Džunić Dragan , Aleksandrović Srbislav , Djordjević Milan , Nedeljković Branislav
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to show which filler metal is the best for hard facing. Because the quality of the surface layer has a great influence on the working life of parts, the purpose was to extend the working life of parts exposed to intensive wear. The tested hard-faced models were made of low carbon steel to save the expensive base metal and to analyze the possibilities of extending the service life of existing structural parts.

Design/methodology/approach

Samples were prepared from plates hard faced with various filler metals. Samples were then subjected to experimental testing – testing of tribological properties and hardness and microstructure. Testing was done in conditions similar to real ones – with a sliding speed of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 m/s and with a load of 50, 75 and 100 N and in most rigorous dry conditions. Research was done by using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.

Findings

The paper shows the results of the experimental testing of four different filler metals aimed for hard facing of parts exposed to highly intensive wear. Results shown that CrWC 600 alloy is the most favorable filler metal for hard facing of parts such as those of construction mechanization and those subjected to intensive abrasive wear at stone mines.

Practical implications

All obtained results are real and fully applicable, as there is a huge industrial need for these types of technologies. With the application of these technologies, beside money savings, the working life of parts can be significantly extended.

Originality/value

The research presented in this paper was conducted because of the lack of results from this area in Serbia and because of the necessity for application of obtained results in companies for road maintenance and stone excavation in the region of Šumadija, Serbia.
Experimental study of the tribological properties of an elevator’s brake linings
Authors: Durak Ertugrul , Yurtseven Hakan Ali
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to design and manufacture a wear-test rig performing reciprocating movement that is more relevant to the elevator brake system. Also, a sample test result that was conducted in this experimental set-up is presented to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The brake linings are some of the most important security elements in elevators. The friction and wear properties of these brake linings have great importance for both safety and comfort. Elevator brake linings are often used in conjunction with guided rails under dry and boundary lubrication conditions. Therefore, friction coefficient and wear types occurring in the brake linings may be different. The tribological properties of the brake lining material in the literature are generally identified using a pin-on-disc wear-tester. The pin is contacted by rotating a disc in this wear-test rig. However, as the brake linings and guide rails do not have a reciprocating movement (linear translational motion) on each other, this wear-test rig is not suitable for brake linings and guide rails in the elevator system.

Findings

A sample test result that was conducted in this experimental set-up is presented to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies. In these experiments, three different brake lining materials that are widely used in the elevator car guide rails in Turkey were tested under different speeds and loads.

Originality/value

The paper provides information about how to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies. Also, it offers practical help for the manufacturer and researcher in the elevator sector.
Evaluation of hotel website contents: existence-importance analysis
Authors: Salem Islam El Bayoumi , Čavlek Nevenka
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is twofold: it aims to examine hotel website features by conducting a content analysis and it analyses customers’ viewpoints about the importance of the contents of hotel websites. The study involves a quantitative method of measurement and evaluation of the information provided by hotel websites. It tries to evaluate the richness of definite and ample information dimensions, which as a whole constitutes the information services offered through the website.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on two pillars: all five-star hotel chains (113 hotels) in Egypt as the population frame to evaluate the contents of their websites; and a sample of 406 customers selected to examine the customers’ views on the importance of the contents of hotel websites. This study proposes a quantitative evaluation frame of all dimensions provided by hotel websites which is developed, tested and validated.

Findings

The study has revealed important findings that can help hotel managers to adjust the information on the websites to be more efficient and customer-oriented.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed frame again in further studies.

Practical implications

The study includes implications for the development of hotel website evaluation from the perspective of two sides, hotel managers and customers, by using a unique quantitative evaluation model.

Originality/value

This research has for the first time combined statements from the perspective of two sides – hotel managers and customers.
High tech meets high touch in upscale hotels
Authors: Brochado Ana , Rita Paulo , Margarido Ana
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of current technologies on customer experiences in upscale hotels and assesses the potential of the latest technologies for enhancing customers’ stay.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-step approach was applied in this study. The qualitative phase included an examination of upscale hotel websites, interviews with hotel managers and an internet search regarding the latest technological innovations in hotels. In the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed for hotel guests, generating a sample of 310 valid completed questionnaires.

Findings

The results reveal that hotel guests value digital involvement in their hotel experience. Moreover, business travellers and younger generations give greater importance to latest technologies.

Originality/value

This study analyses the most innovative technologies, providing guidance for hoteliers wishing to upgrade or implement new technologies. Based on the findings, hoteliers can achieve greater differentiation by offering the most important and latest technology to guests, enhancing their experience and attracting new customers, which can potentially lead to increased revenues. The study’s results are also important because they include the perceptions of both managers and customers.
Tourists’ intention to give permission via mobile technology in Thailand
Authors: Erawan Theera
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine tourist behavior regarding changes in privacy issues and the advent of mobile technology, based on theoretical foundations and empirical testing.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework was developed based on a “three-pronged approach” to cross-validate results from both qualitative (literature reviews and expert interviews) and quantitative (field survey) approaches. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual framework and hypotheses.

Findings

According to the findings, tourists perceived advertising via mobile technology as an informative source. New findings emerged apart from the literature in which advertising value was found to drive attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. Moreover, tourists’ intention to give permission via mobile technology was driven by advertising value via attitude and subjective norms.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to Thailand tourism context. Further, conceptual framework generalization should be taken into account as future research in other considerable context.

Practical implications

The results provide useful information for both government and tourism-related businesses in planning effective marketing communications strategies.

Originality/value

The conceptual framework in this study was developed based on theoretical foundations, along with both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (that is, using a “three-pronged approach”). This study is among the first in Thailand tourism context that demonstrated an extension of the academic perspective by integrating two important theoretical foundations.
Dementia: towards a perceptual control theory perspective
Authors: McEvoy Phil , Eden John , Morris Lydia , Mansell Warren
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial experiences of people living with dementia using a perceptual control theory (PCT) perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Conceptual paper.

Findings

The paper suggests that people with dementia may control their perceptions by using four modes of control: control, automatic, passive observation and imagination.

Research limitations/implications

The paper highlights how a perceived sense of “too little” or “too much” control can create psychological and emotional distress, as people with dementia seek to respond to the changing contextual circumstances of their lives. However, more work needs to be done to develop specific PCT informed strategies that may serve the goal of helping people who are living with dementia to maximise their functioning and alleviate their distress.

Originality/value

The potential benefits of adopting a PCT perspective to understand the experiences of people living with dementia have only been explored in a relatively superficial way. This paper is a first attempt to develop a more considered analysis.
Quality in residential care: exploring residents’, family members’, managers’ and staff perspectives
Authors: Jaye Chrystal , Tordoff June , Butler Mary , Hale Beatrice , McKechnie Roz , Robertson Linda , Simpson Jean
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the indicators of quality in care for people working and living in aged residential care (ARC) settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This research was conducted using an ethnographic design in two distinct ARC facilities in a New Zealand city, a large facility with residential, dementia and hospital level care, and a small family owned facility providing residential care only. In total, 50 hours of observational data were collected, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 people, including managers, careworkers, nurses, family members and residents. These data were thematically analysed using the constant comparative method.

Findings

The main indicators of quality for staff, family and residents included: a home-like, friendly and safe environment; good medical and personal care; respect for the residents; and good staff. Participants also acknowledged the need for adjustments by residents to living in aged care; and the challenges of caring for increasingly frail residents.

Originality/value

Findings support the growing recognition of a need for resident-centred approaches to ARC that are reflected in government policy and regulatory apparatus. Managers in ARC facilities must balance adherence with health and safety standards, and providing an environment where their residents can enjoy a meaningful life that has purpose and value.
“Are you going to come and see us again soon?” An intergenerational event between stroke survivors and school-children
Authors: Lane Kathleen
Published: November 2016

Purpose

A one-hour intergenerational event held at an infant school in Norfolk, England, aimed to increase the citizenship experience of young children and their awareness of what it means to live with stroke, and to address social isolation or self-confidence in communicating among stroke survivors with aphasia. It was also intended to gauge whether this activity might provide a basis for future research. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Four community-dwelling stroke survivors with aphasia were recruited. In total, 12 pupils aged six and seven were selected by their Year 2 teacher and head-teacher. At the event, participants sat in groups of one adult and three pupils and engaged in writing, hand-tracing and talking about pictures. The author circulated among the groups to facilitate engagement.

Findings

All participants enjoyed interacting together in the activities. The pupils gained insights into the stroke survivors’ lived experience and wanted them to return to “see us again soon”; the adults valued being in the “real world” and practising their conversation in activities different from their usual routines. Feedback indicated the value of the engagement and that participants welcomed similar intergenerational opportunities. The author will develop a research application exploring enablers, barriers and benefits of this type of engagement.

Originality/value

The event gave a rare opportunity for stroke survivors with aphasia to participate in intergenerational activities and for children to engage with vulnerable older adults. It demonstrated the value of interactions in which learning and insights are obtained on both sides. It also provided evidence that pursuing research in this field is feasible.
Facilitating organizational learning through agent-based modeling and simulation experimentation
Authors: Baškarada Saša , Chandran Arvind , Shokr Mina , Stewart Christopher
Published: November 2016

Purpose

In addition to requiring high absorptive capacity, contemporary organizations operating in highly dynamic and complex environments also require the ability to create knowledge internally, within the organization. While the organizational learning (OL) literature has produced a plethora of theories and frameworks, there has been relatively little empirical research on specific mechanisms for internal knowledge generation. Accordingly, this paper aims to answer calls for more research on mechanisms for internal generation of organizational knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is an in-depth case study in the Australian Defence Organisation (ADO).

Findings

The paper presents a cyclical eight-stage knowledge generation process and demonstrates how agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) may be used to facilitate OL.

Originality/value

By detailing an in-depth case study of an ABMS mechanism for internal knowledge generation in the ADO, this paper provides a novel and relevant contribution to the OL literature.
Attitudes towards ageing and their impact on health and wellbeing in later life: an agenda for further analysis
Authors: Robertson Guy
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of a substantial body of research on the impact that negative attitudes towards ageing have on the health and wellbeing outcomes of people in later life and to highlight the need for a more interdisciplinary approach towards older people’s wellbeing.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws from an initial analysis of over 70 peers reviewed and published studies on the psychosocial impact of negative stereotypes about ageing.

Findings

There is overwhelming evidence that the way in which people think about ageing can have a very significant adverse impact on a wide array of health and wellbeing outcomes. This research evidence is largely unknown, nor operationalised, within the field of health and social care policy or service development.

Practical implications

The fact that beliefs and attitudes can have such a profound impact on health and wellbeing outcomes suggests the possibility of psychosocial interventions to address them in order to improve older people’s experience of later life. There is a need for a much more interdisciplinary research agenda to take these findings forward.

Social implications

The evidence suggests the need for a much more rigorous and comprehensive approach to addressing the effects of socially constructed ageist attitudes.

Originality/value

Whilst the research itself is not new, the originality of this paper is its attempt to bring data from a different discipline into the health and social care ambit and thereby extend the knowledge base and create the possible conditions for the development and application of new psychosocial interventions to improve the lives of older people.
Doing memory work with older men: the practicalities, the process, the potential
Authors: Blake Vic , Hearn Jeff , Barber Randy , Jackson David , Johnson Richard , Luczynski Zbyszek
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of setting up and participating in a collective memory work group of older men, with a focus on the making and unmaking of older men and masculinities through age, ageing, gender, gendering, and other intersections.

Design/methodology/approach

Participant review and reflection on collective of memory work group of older men.

Findings

Memory work is located in relation to related but different forms of writing and group work, emphasizing how in this method everyone becomes a writer, an author, a listener, a reader, a discussant, and a commentator. This provides a novel way to explore the constructions and intersections of ageing, gender, men, and masculinities.

Social implications

The potential of memory work, both for working with older men, and more generally is outlined. Key issues are: genuine and collective commitment to substantive change, not just at a personal level, but also at wider social/political/cultural levels; willingness to trust in the other members of the group, an issue that may be difficult for some men; and commitment for caring for one another especially in their moments of greatest vulnerability.

Originality/value

There is little, if any, other writing on this approach to ageing, men, and masculinities. The paper is therefore of great value, and may stimulate wider application of this approach.
“Something to get out of bed for”: creative arts for a happily ageing population
Authors: Cann Paul
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to relate the growing body of evidence about the impact of creative arts on the health and well-being of older people to the debate about active ageing, prevention and demographic change.

Design/methodology/approach

It draws on a range of researched examples in order to illustrate the impact of three different art forms – singing, dance and visual arts – on health and well-being.

Findings

The evidence exists in increasing volume and diversity that creative arts not only improve personal feelings of well-being but also key physiological measures. The arts are increasingly recognised as playing a major potential role in the delivery of health and social care interventions. Greater recognition and action are needed from policy makers, commissioners and care providers in health and social care that the arts are not a marginal and elitist avenue but a mainstream tool supporting older people to remain active, healthy and independent. Importantly, they represent a powerful source of motivation, agency and confidence.

Social implications

It argues that creative arts should become an integral and more prominent part of ageing policy. The evidence exists in increasing volume and diversity that creative arts not only improve personal feelings of well-being but also key physiological measures. The arts are increasingly recognised as playing a major potential role in the delivery of health and social care interventions. Greater recognition and action are needed from policy makers, commissioners and care providers in health and social care that the arts are not a marginal and elitist avenue but a mainstream tool supporting older people to remain active, healthy and independent. Importantly, they represent a powerful source of motivation, agency and confidence.

Originality/value

An important research challenge remains, namely to plot cause (arts intervention) and effect (reduced demand on health and care services), if the creative arts are to occupy a central place in commissioning investment at a time of acute financial stringency in the public sector.
Meeting the housing needs of older people: the key to better care and a more integrated society?
Authors: Watts Tony
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for a longer term view of how to address the needs of older people for suitable housing.

Design/methodology/approach

The author draws from his experience of meetings and discussions with numerous older people through his national and regional roles in the ageing sector.

Findings

There is a need to hear the voice of older people, to emphasise “rightsizing” rather than “downsizing”, to create self-supporting communities rather than building houses, to focus on care and repair services and finally to ensure that all new homes are built to enable occupiers to age in place.

Originality/value

The author draws on extensive experience of involvement in the older people’s movement to provide a challenging analysis of the housing situation as it affects older people.
A NodD‐like protein activates transcription of genes involved with naringenin degradation in a flavonoid‐dependent manner in Herbaspirillum seropedicae
Authors: Wassem R. , Marin A. M. , Daddaoua A. , Monteiro R. A. , Chubatsu L. S. , Ramos J.L. , Deakin W. J. , Broughton W. J. , Pedrosa F. O. , Souza E. M.
Published: November 2016

Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an associative, endophytic non‐nodulating diazotrophic bacterium that colonises several grasses. An ORF encoding a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator, very similar to NodD proteins of rhizobia, was identified in its genome. This nodD‐like gene, named fdeR, is divergently transcribed from an operon encoding enzymes involved in flavonoid degradation (fde operon). Apigenin, chrysin, luteolin and naringenin strongly induce transcription of the fde operon, but not that of the fdeR, in an FdeR‐dependent manner. The intergenic region between fdeR and fdeA contains several generic LysR consensus sequences (T‐N11‐A) and we propose a binding site for FdeR, which is conserved in other bacteria. DNase I foot‐printing revealed that the interaction with the FdeR binding site is modified by the four flavonoids that stimulate transcription of the fde operon. Moreover, FdeR binds naringenin and chrysin as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. Interestingly, FdeR also binds in vitro to the nod‐box from the nodABC operon of Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and is able to activate its transcription in vivo. These results show that FdeR exhibits two features of rhizobial NodD proteins: nod‐box recognition and flavonoid‐dependent transcription activation, but its role in H. seropedicae and related organisms seems to have evolved to control flavonoid metabolism.
Interventions to reduce cognitive impairments following critical illness: a topical systematic review
Authors: Nedergaard H. K. , Jensen H. I. , Toft P.
Published: November 2016

Background

Critical illness is associated with cognitive impairments. Effective treatment or prevention has not been established. The aim of this review was to create a systematic summary of the current evidence concerning clinical interventions during intensive care admission to reduce cognitive impairments after discharge.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, PsycInfo and Cinahl were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing the effect of interventions during intensive care admission on cognitive function in adult patients. Studies were excluded if they were reviews or reported solely on survivors of cardiac arrest, stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Results

Of 4877 records were identified. Seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The interventions described covered strategies for enteral nutrition, fluids, sedation, weaning, mobilization, cognitive activities, statins and sleep quality improvement. Data were synthesized to provide an overview of interventions, quality, follow‐up assessments and neuropsychological outcomes.

Conclusion

None of the interventions had significant positive effects on cognitive impairments following critical illness. Quality was negatively affected by study limitations, imprecision and indirectness in evidence. Clinical research on cognition is feasible, but large, well designed trials with a specific aim at reducing cognitive impairments are needed.
No cases of perioperative allergy to local anaesthetics in the Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre
Authors: Kvisselgaard A. D. , Krøigaard M. , Mosbech H. F. , Garvey L. H.
Published: November 2016

Background

Local anaesthetics (LA) are often suspected as possible causes of allergic reactions. The Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre (DAAC) is the national reference centre for investigation of perioperative allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of IgE‐mediated immediate type perioperative allergic reactions to LA.

Methods

In the period 2004–2013, a total of 409 patients (244 women/165 men; median age 49 years, range 1–86 years) were investigated in DAAC on suspicion of allergy associated with anaesthesia and surgery. A total of 162 (40%) patients were exposed to one or more LA. Suspected allergy to LA was investigated by prick test, intradermal test and subcutaneous provocation with the suspected drug. Patients with positive skin tests still underwent subcutaneous provocation, as false positive skin tests can occur.

Results

A total of 203 test series with LA were carried out on 162 patients (89 women/73 men; mean age 49 years, range 2–85 years) with the following drugs: Lidocaine n = 80 (49%), bupivacaine n = 82 (51%), ropivacaine n = 31 (19%) and mepivacaine n = 10 (6%). All 162 patients had negative subcutaneous provocation for all tested LA (95% CI: 0–1.8%). Investigations revealed another allergen in 52 of 162 patients.

Conclusion

None of the 162 patients with suspected perioperative allergic reactions and exposure to LA reacted on subcutaneous provocation with the relevant LA. Thus, no patients have been diagnosed with allergy to LA in DAAC in the period 2004–2013 and allergy to LA must be considered very rare in this population.
Characterization of miRNAs involved in response to poly(I:C) in porcine airway epithelial cells
Authors: Wang L. , Wang J. K. , Han L. X. , Zhuo J. S. , Du X. , Liu D. , Yang X. Q.
Published: November 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including infectious diseases. Knowledge of the miRNAs affected by poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral double‐stranded RNA, in porcine airway epithelial cells (PAECs) contributes to understanding the mechanisms of swine viral respiratory diseases, which bring enormous economic loss worldwide every year. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing to profile miRNA expression in PAECs treated with poly(I:C) as compared to the untreated control. This approach revealed 23 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), five of which have not been implicated in viral infection before. Nineteen of the 23 miRNAs were down‐regulated including members of the miR‐17‐92 cluster, a well‐known polycistronic oncomir and extensively involved in viral infection in humans. Target genes of DEMs, predicted using bioinformatic methods and validated by luciferase reporter analysis on two representative DEMs, were significantly enriched in several pathways including transforming growth factor‐β signaling. A large quantity of sequence variations (isomiRs) were found including a substitution at position 5, which was verified to redirect miRNAs to a new spectrum of targets by luciferase reporter assay together with bioinformatics analysis. Twelve novel porcine miRNAs conserved in other species were identified by homology analysis together with cloning verification. Furthermore, the expression analysis revealed the potential importance of three novel miRNAs in porcine immune response to viruses. Overall, our data contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying the host immune response against respiratory viruses in pigs, and enriches the repertoire of porcine miRNAs.
Assessing surgical research at the teaching hospital level
Authors: McBride Kate E. , Young Jane M. , Bannon Paul G. , Solomon Michael J.
Published: November 2016

Background

To undertake a comprehensive needs assessment to determine the baseline of surgical research activity at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia.

Method

The comprehensive needs assessment comprised three components: a retrospective audit of the hospital ethics committee records to identify surgical research activity; a survey of all 17 surgical departments about the availability of 10 potential research resources and a survey of surgical staff to ascertain perceptions of research culture at the organizational, team and individual levels.

Results

Of all research studies submitted to the hospital ethics committee in a 2‐year period, only 9% were identified as surgical studies. Among the 17 surgical departments, there was wide variation in activity with only four defined as being ‘research active’. On average, 52% of potential resources for surgical research were found to be in place within surgical departments. Only five departments were considered to be adequately research resourced (≥75% potential resources in place). Surgical research culture was rated ‘moderate’ at the organizational and team level, and ‘low’ at the individual level. Medical staff rated research capacity significantly higher at the team and individual levels compared to nursing staff.

Conclusion

Collectively, the baseline results indicate there is considerable opportunity to enhance surgical research at the hospital level and to use this information to guide new and innovative approaches in the future.
Clinical Assessment of Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate Solution and Modified St. Thomas' Solution in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Hui , An Yong , Du Ming‐Cheng , Qin Ting‐Jiang , Liu Yin‐Bei , Xu Hong‐Zhen , Yang Li‐Qun
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study is to compare the myocardium protective effect of Bretschneider's histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) solution versus Modified St. Thomas' (STH) solution in pediatric cardiac surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Seventy‐seven pediatric patients of TOF who received the total surgical repair were reviewed, from January 2014 to October 2015. A horizontal comparison between HTK solution and modified STH solution has been made since the HTK solutions were started to be used in our hospital. The patients were divided into the HTK group (n = 35) and the STH group (n = 33). The perioperative values of the groups were assessed in this study. The primary endpoints including spontaneous cardiac re‐beating time, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, overall stay, mechanical ventilation postoperation, postoperation stay, overall stay, and perioperative echocardiographic results were analyzed in this study. We found that spontaneous cardiac re‐beating time of the HTK group was significantly shorter than that of the STH group (0.26 min ± 0.56 vs. 1.33 ± 1.02, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in ICU stay (P = 0.29), postoperative mechanical ventilation time (P = 0.84), overall stay (0.73); and the mortalities of the two groups were similar (2.9 vs. 3.0%). Aimed at pediatric cardiac surgery of TOF, this study suggests that with similar aorta cross‐clamping time, modified STH solution is as safe as HTK solution.
Questionnaire‐based survey in a developing country showing noncompliance with paediatric gastro‐oesophageal reflux practice guidelines
Authors: Manasfi Hayat , Hanna‐Wakim Rima , Akel Imad , Yazbeck Nadine
Published: November 2016

Aim

This 2015 study investigated whether Lebanese paediatricians diagnosed and managed gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children in accordance with the 2009 guidelines from the North American and European Societies for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.

Methods

Paediatricians members of the Lebanese Order of Physicians with updated email addresses were invited to complete a web‐based survey between September and November 2015, to assess their knowledge and management of GERD.

Results

Responses were received from 114 of the 543 paediatricians, and 96 were analysed. Only two respondents complied fully with the international guidelines. The majority diagnosed GERD in infants based solely on their medical history and examination. Moreover, nearly two‐thirds of the respondents would start an empiric trial with acid suppression. Around half of the respondents considered proton pump inhibitors to be the mainstay of GERD treatment.

Conclusion

This was the first Lebanese study that surveyed the management of paediatric GERD. Only 2.1% of the paediatricians followed the guidelines on the evidence‐based management of GERD. This highlights the need for studies to assess barriers to guideline implementation and the development of new guidelines accounting for regional factors, mainly the cost of investigations and prevalence of medical insurance.
Presence of intraepithelial food antigen in patients with active eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Marietta E. V. , Geno D. M. , Smyrk T. C. , Becker A. , Alexander J. A. , Camilleri M. , Murray J. A. , Katzka D. A.
Published: November 2016

Background

Although eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is putatively mediated by an abnormal response to food antigen, the oesophagus is considered relatively impermeable to large molecules.

Aim

To assess whether food antigens penetrate the oesophageal mucosa in patients with EoE.

Methods

Anti‐gliadin staining was performed in three groups: active EoE, inactive EoE and EoE patients on a low or gluten free diet. To appraise the specificity of our results, we also performed gliadin staining on six patients without oesophageal disease who were consuming gluten. The groups with EoE on gluten also underwent endoscopic infusion with gluten containing soy sauce and repeat biopsies during the endoscopy. We measured eosinophil density, dilated intercellular spaces (on a 0–4+ scale) and gliadin in oesophageal mucosa by immunofluorescence.

Results

Patients with active EoE had significantly greater epithelial density of anti‐gliadin staining when compared to inactive EoE (P < 0.0065) and gluten‐free patients (P < 0.0008) at baseline and after soy infusion. Gliadin was not detected in non‐EoE control patients. The distribution of gliadin was both cytoplasmic and nuclear. There was good correlation of dilated intercellular spaces grade and total gliadin staining intensity (r = 0.577, P = 0.0077). Acute oesophageal perfusion of a commercial gliadin‐rich soy sauce did not lead to an increase in gliadin staining in active or inactive EoE.

Conclusion

These findings suggest, although do not prove, that antigen penetration in active eosinophilic oesophagitis might be facilitated by impairment of epithelial integrity.
Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between low‐yield and high‐yield dairy cows in early lactation
Authors: Sofyan Ahmad , Mitsumori Makoto , Ohmori Hideyuki , Uyeno Yutaka , Hasunuma Toshiya , Akiyama Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Yokokawa Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Tsuneko , Shinkai Takumi , Hirako Makoto , Kushibiki Shiro
Published: November 2016

Relationship between rumen fermentation parameters, blood biochemical profiles and milk production traits in different yielding dairy cows during early lactation was investigated. Twelve dairy cows were divided into two groups based on their milk yield, that is low‐yield (LY) and high‐yield (HY) groups. Rumen fluid and blood were collected at 3 weeks prepartum and 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. Results showed that proportions of acetate, propionate to total short chain fatty acids and acetate : propionate ratio were changed (P < 0.05) in both groups during the peripartum period, whereas butyrate and acetate : butyrate ratio were only altered in the HY group. Blood cholesterol, beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the HY group were higher (P < 0.01) than those in the LY group. Principal component analysis revealed that milk yield and milk compositions were differently clustered between groups. These parameters showed similar direction with dry matter intake in the HY group and adverse direction in the LY group. Linear regression analysis indicated that butyrate was positively correlated with BHBA (P < 0.05) in the HY group. This study suggests that cows in the HY group seem to accommodate appropriately to negative energy balance in early lactation through rumen fermentation.
Radioactive cesium and potassium in cattle living in the ‘zone in preparation for the lifting of the evacuation order’ of the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Sato Itaru , Sasaki Jun , Satoh Hiroshi , Murata Takahisa , Otani Kumiko , Okada Keiji
Published: November 2016

To contribute to the reconstruction of livestock industry in Fukushima, radioactive cesium (134Cs, 137Cs) and potassium (4°K) were measured in various tissues of beef cattle living in an area where the evacuation order will be lifted in the near future. Radioactive cesium concentration was less than 100 Bq/kg in most of the samples. Skeletal muscles and kidney had the highest concentrations of radioactive cesium, whereas the liver was lowest among samples, excepting blood. Radioactive cesium concentration in the sirloin, tenderloin and top round was significantly higher than that in the neck muscle. Radioactive cesium concentration in the urine was not correlated with that in the blood, but the relationship became proportional when corrected with urinary 4°K. Distribution of 4°K was similar but not identical to that of radioactive cesium. These results suggest that it will be possible to resume livestock production in this area after the decontamination measures are completed and the evacuation order is lifted. Contamination level of living cattle can be estimated not only by blood samples but also by urine samples. If 50–100 Bq/kg of cesium is detected in the neck muscle at a slaughterhouse, the cattle should be reinspected using a sample from different muscles.
Optimistic but Confused: Perceptions about the Mission and Core Values of Social Work in Vietnam by Vietnamese Policy‐makers, Social Work Faculty and Practitioners
Authors: Nguyen Huong , Nguyen Trang Thu
Published: November 2016

In 2010, the Vietnamese government officially recognized social work as a profession. This study explores whether key stakeholders in the development of social work in Vietnam (i.e. policy‐makers, pioneering educators, and practitioners) had reached a shared understanding about the mission and core values of Vietnamese social work by the end of 2015. An exploratory survey was conducted with 65 participants representing key stakeholders of social work in Vietnam. Participants had a shared but rather generic, at times vague, and overly optimistic view of the mission of Vietnamese social work as a “helping profession” that would be able to solve every social problem and present in all areas. There was a strong, unanimous desire for Vietnamese social work to focus on human dignity, social justice, and individuals’ rights, mixed with the preservation of Vietnam's collective, community‐based culture under the central guiding role of the state.