bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-store proximity marketing: experimenting with digital point-of-sales communication
Authors: Willems Kim , Brengman Malaika , van de Sanden Stephanie
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The authors present an exploratory study on the effectiveness of in-store marketing communication appeals via digital signage applying the construal level theory (CLT) in a field experiment. According to this theory, the authors hypothesize that shoppers will on the one hand respond more favorably to messages focusing on the desirability of the offering, when they are further distanced from the actual purchase decision. On the other hand, the authors expect more favorable responses toward messages containing feasibility appeals, positioned closer by to the purchase decision. The purpose of this paper is to determine appropriate location-based content for in-store proximity marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

A field experiment was conducted in a Belgian coffee bar, examining temporal distance effects in a natural retail/service environment. A 2×2 between-subjects experimental design is implemented (i.e. low vs high temporal distance×concrete/cost vs abstract/brand-oriented appeal), examining the impact on marketing communication effectiveness.

Findings

Overall, the authors find some initial support for CLT on effectiveness measures regarding purchase intentions and actual purchase, but not in terms of self-reported noticing of the screen and the ad, nor in terms of (un)aided ad recall.

Research limitations/implications

This experiment is a pilot study and such finds itself confronted with a limited number of observations.

Originality/value

The study is among the first to examine how message content (beyond price promotion) can be adapted to in-store locations.
Trajectory evaluation for manipulators with motion and sensor uncertainties
Authors: Qi Ruolong , Zhou Weijia , Tiejun Wang
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Uncertainty can arise for a manipulator because its motion can deviate unpredictably from the assumed dynamical model and because sensors might provide information regarding the system state that is imperfect because of noise and imprecise measurement. This paper aims to propose a method to estimate the probable error ranges of the entire trajectory for a manipulator with motion and sensor uncertainties. The aims are to evaluate whether a manipulator can safely avoid all obstacles under uncertain conditions and to determine the probability that the end effector arrives at its goal area.

Design/methodology/approach

An effective, analytical method is presented to evaluate the trajectory error correctly, and a motion plan was executed using Gaussian models by considering sensor and motion uncertainties. The method used an integrated algorithm that combined a Gaussian error model with an extended Kalman filter and a linear–quadratic regulator. Iterative linearization of the nonlinear dynamics was used around every section of the trajectory to derive all of the prior probability distributions before execution.

Findings

Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed trajectory planning method based on the motion and sensor uncertainties is indeed highly convenient and efficient.

Originality/value

The proposed approach is applicable to manipulators with motion and sensor uncertainties. It helps determine the error distribution of the predefined trajectory. Based on the evaluation results, the most appropriate trajectory can be selected among many predefined trajectories according to the error ranges and the probability of arriving at the goal area. The method has been successfully applied to a manipulator operating on the Chinese Space Station.
Modular design of a teleoperated robotic control system for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery based on ROS and RT-Middleware
Authors: Bai Weibang , Cao Qixin , Wang Pengfei , Chen Peng , Leng Chuntao , Pan Tiewen
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Robotic systems for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) always end up with highly sophisticated mechanisms and control schemes – making it a long and hard development process with a steep price. This paper aims to propose and realize a new, efficient and convenient strategy for building effective control systems for surgical and even other complex robotic systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel method that takes advantage of the modularization concept by integrating two middleware technologies (robot operating system and robotic technology middleware) into a common architecture based on the strengths of both was designed and developed.

Findings

Tests of the developed control system showed very low time-delay between the master and slave sides; good movement representation on the slave manipulator; and high positional and operational accuracy. Moreover, the new development strategy trial came with much higher efficiency and lower costs.

Research limitations/implications

This method results in a modularized and distributed control system that is amenable to collaboratively develop; convenient to modify and update; componentized and easy to extend; mutually independent among subsystems; and practicable to be running and communicating across multiple operating systems. However, experiments show that surgical training and updates of the robotic system are still required to achieve better proficiency for completing complex minimally invasive surgical operations with the proposed and developed system.

Originality/value

This research proposed and developed a novel modularization design method and a novel architecture for building a distributed teleoperation control system for laparoscopic MIS.
You abuse but I will stay
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Braganca Eliane , Awang Zainudin , Cyril De Run Ernest
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the combined effects of customer aggression, job stress, and emotional intelligence (EI) on job satisfaction and organizational turnover among managers from a developing country, i.e. Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from 230 respondents working as bank managers in Pakistan by means of a cross-sectional survey. The collected data are analyzed by employing a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

The employees perceive that job stress positively influences emotional exhaustion among employees. Furthermore, EI negatively influences job exhaustion to minimize the potential to lead it through to organizational turnover.

Originality/value

The combined effects of customer- and organization-related elements have been scarcely investigated – the heart and soul of contribution regarding this research. The moderation of EI to lessen the emotional exhaustion is a significant contribution to this study. Finally, the context of Pakistan’s banking sector is also unique to this study.
Demystifying the leadership kaleidoscope into an integrated view
Authors: Marathe Gaurav , Balasubramanian Girish , Singhal Manish
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to argue for theoretical integration as a major step in consolidation of the vast leadership literature. It is an attempt to lay out a basic canvas that could be further used for building an integrated theory of leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The concept matrix framework (Webster and Watson, 2002) has been used for analytical abstraction to organize the published research on leadership and distill certain commonalities. The paper finally proposes certain pivots for theoretical integration of the leadership literature.

Findings

A thorough analysis of the leadership literature and the identification of commonalities within the various theories help the authors to identify the change and collective filter, outcomes of leadership, organizational outcomes, leadership role, sources of leadership, processes within the larger leadership process and the context as the pivots for building an integrated theory of leadership.

Research limitations/implications

While the paper is not a detailed literature review and lacks predictive power, it is a synthesis of the published literature. The paper proposes a descriptive model meant to provide a sound foundation for an integrated theory of leadership.

Practical implications

The paper provides a framework to reduce the complexity and ambiguity of leadership research literature and could be utilized as a starting platform for an integrated theory of leadership. It is hoped that this shall also provide leaders and leadership training providers with a more holistic approach for leadership assessment and development.

Originality/value

Based on a survey of literature, the explanation of the leadership process, suggestions for evaluation of quality of leadership and pivots for theoretical integration are the main contributions.
Scaling the notion of Islamic spirituality in the workplace
Authors: Adawiyah Wiwiek Rabiatul , Pramuka Bambang Agus
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Exponential growth in interest of workplace spirituality has led to the development of numerous theories based on various religious faiths. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the underlying dimensions of workplace spirituality in Islam by developing a scale to measure it and to present a subset of knowledge on workplace spirituality from both western and Islamic perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data from 223 employees working at Islamic-based institutions in Indonesia. They tested the validity and reliability of the proposed indicators of Islamic workplace spirituality using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

This study enhances the literature in the field of human resources development, especially in the area of workplace spirituality, by empirically assessing the extent of spirituality in the Islamic workplace. The findings revealed 13 indicators that define Islamic workplace spirituality in the Indonesian business organizational context.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited to Indonesia. In order to apply the 13 indicators in a broader, more global context, researchers need to conduct similar studies on a number of institutions worldwide.

Practical implications

Scholars and professionals may use the research findings to justify their efforts in designing, developing, and implementing appropriate learning and performance improvement interventions, so that Islamic spirituality can increase continuously among employees.

Social implications

This study provides guidelines to the human resources managers of Islamic-based institution to assess the degree of spirituality of each job applicants during job selection.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first attempts to examine and measure Islamic spirituality in the workplace, not only in Indonesia, but also worldwide. The 13 indicators, drawn from religious psychology, provide a new scale to measure spirituality.
Mediating effect of knowledge management on organizational learning culture in the context of organizational performance
Authors: Wahda
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the mediating effect of knowledge management (KM) on organizational learning culture (OLC) in the context of organizational performance of the State Organization for Higher Education (PTN) in South Sulawesi.

Design/methodology/approach

The unit of analysis in this study includes a study program of exact sciences, non-exact science scholars, as well as the study population. Sample size is 138 units/respondents. Analysis method used to test the research hypothesis is partial least square (PLS) by employing XLSTAT.

Findings

The results of analysis show that the exact science, non-exact science, and exact-non-exact OLC have a significant positive effect on KM. This means that when an OLC is strongly implanted, the KM will be well implemented. Therefore, to carry out the KM well, it is imperative that there should be a suitable organizational culture. In this case, an OLC has the biggest effect on achieving organizational performance.

Originality/value

KM in organizations has been researched by performing case studies on sub-companies of a selected corporation in the city of Esfahan and on OLC in a public service organization of Pakistan. This paper claims originality on the basis of the following: variables used are mediating variables of KM, learning organizational culture, and organizational performance; the method used in this research is PLS and the locations used in this study, sites at the State University of Makassar in Indonesia, are unique as they have not been used in any previous studies on this topic.
Applying the resource-based view to alliance formation in specialized supply chains
Authors: Steiner Bodo , Lan Kevin , Unterschultz Jim , Boxall Peter
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore drivers of alliance formation in a specialized supply chain from a manager’s perspective, focussing on firm-specific resources, resources embedded in inter-firm relationships and capabilities under the control of the focal firm.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper focusses on the resource-based view to obtain insights from the analysis of a manager survey conducted in Canada’s beef sector, applying a logistic regression approach to study alliance formation.

Findings

In identifying significant roles for resource richness and diversification of resource usage, the analysis highlights the importance of resource characteristics underlying factor market imperfections as drivers of alliance formation in a single primary input supply chain. The results suggest that resource heterogeneity is important for alliance formation and organizational success in specialized supply chains.

Research limitations/implications

If previous alliance-related experience of managers, controlled for in the underlying cross-sectional survey, serves as an approximation for persistent unobservables impacting the alliance formation decision, we may face spurious state-dependence.

Practical implications

Managers interested in building compatible alliances in specialized single primary input supply chains may benefit from an improved understanding of the differential role of resource characteristics and resource heterogeneity for alliance formation, as these can function as a source of competitive advantage.

Originality/value

The analysis provides new insights from an individual manager’s perspective on alliance formation drivers in a specialized agri-food supply chain, thereby solidifying extant findings on alliance formation obtained in other sectors. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of resources in alliance formation with regard to prior relationship experience, resource heterogeneity and thus causal ambiguity, thereby also contributing to the debate of the role of relational capabilities vs firm-internal resources for sustained competitive advantage.
Explaining innovation outputs by different types of R&D inputs: evidence from US universities
Authors: Alvarado-Vargas Marcelo J. , Callaway Stephen K. , Ariss Sonny
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of different R&D funding inputs – including funding for basic research, applied research, and development – on different innovation outcomes (e.g. inventions, patents, licenses, and start-ups).

Design/methodology/approach

The study borrowed the resource dependence theory perspective by focusing on the proportion of funding secured from various external sources that fund university R&D, and assessed its effect on the nature and outcomes of the university research activity.

Findings

Results indicated that greater funding of basic research was associated with more inventions and patents; greater funding of applied research was associated with more licenses; and greater funding for development activities was associated with more university start-ups.

Originality/value

The contributions of this study are two folded: first, it added to the debate that more R&D investment is indeed associated with more innovation outcomes; and second, it is important to differentiate the R&D funding inputs as they are related to different innovation outcomes.
Learning from errors in dual vocational education: video-enhanced instructional strategies
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto A.P. , Boldrini Elena
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Starting from the identification of some theoretically driven instructional principles, this paper presents a set of empirical cases based on strategies to learn from errors. The purpose of this paper is to provide first evidence about the feasibility and the effectiveness for learning of video-enhanced error-based strategies in vocational education and training.

Design/methodology/approach

Four different cases are presented. All of them share the same design-based research perspective, in which teachers and researchers co-designed an (iterative) intervention in the field. Two cases are preliminary investigations, while the other two profit from a quasi-experimental design with at least one experimental condition based on error treatment and a control group.

Findings

The four cases show the effectiveness of learning from error (and from error analysis). More specifically, they show the validity and flexible adoption of the specific instructional principles derived from the literature review: the use of inductive strategies and in particular, of worked-out examples; the reference to a concrete, possibly personal, experience for the analysis task; the use of prompted writing to elicit self-explanations and reflection; and the use of video for recording and annotating the situation to be analysed.

Research limitations/implications

The four cases constitute only a starting point for further research into the use of errors for procedural learning. Moreover, the cases presented are focused on learning in the domain of procedural knowledge and not in that of declarative knowledge. Further studies in the vocational education and training sector might serve this research area.

Practical implications

The paper provides concrete indications and directions to implement effective instructional strategies for procedural learning from errors, especially within vocational education.

Social implications

Errors are often identified with and attributed to (individual) failures. In both learning institutions and the workplace, this can engender an intolerant and closed climate towards mistakes, preventing real professional development and personal growth. Interventions on learning from errors in schools and workplaces can play a role in changing such a culture and in creating a tolerant and positive attitude towards them.

Originality/value

The majority of studies about learning from errors are focused on disciplinary learning in academic contexts. The present set of cases contributed to filling in the gap related to initial vocational education, because they deal with learning from errors in dual vocational training in the field of procedural knowledge development. Moreover, a specific contribution of the presented cases relies on the use of video annotation as a support that specifically enhances error analysis within working procedures.
What determines the performance of small business units?
Authors: Paul GD Bino , Achar Anantha Padhmanabha , Muniyoor Krishna , R. Venkatesh Murthy
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the factors that determine the performance of small business units using a field survey conducted in a small jewellery cluster in Mangalore district of Karnataka state (India).

Design/methodology/approach

The estimates of the median-based quantile regression model are used to analyse how a change in small firm output is determined by seven key factors such as year of establishment, the source of finance, the source of design, lack of demand, design done by the staff, the number of skilled workers, and constraints.

Findings

The study finds that the factors such as sources of finance, design, customer relation and skilled manpower are the major determinants of the growth of jewellery business. Based on the findings, the study suggests that the invigoration of business performance by high degree of competitiveness, coupled with technological advancement and hiring of skilled labour, is essential for the sustainability of jewellery units.

Originality/value

The study pinpoints the problems and prospects of traditional business units located in an industrial cluster. Further, it suggests the different ways of strengthening the performance of small business units in India.
Dealing with organizational silos with communities of practice and human resource management
Authors: Forsten-Astikainen Riitta , Hurmelinna-Laukkanen Pia , Lämsä Tuija , Heilmann Pia , Hyrkäs Elina
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Organizational silos that build on the existing organizational structures are often considered to have negative effects in the form of focus on private narrow objectives and organizational fragmentation. To avoid such harmful outcomes, competence management is called for, and in this, the human resources (HR) function takes a key role. Among other things, it can provide basis for emergence and utilization of communities of practice (CoPs) that build on common interests and effectively cross organizational boundaries. These features of CoPs allow them to carry competences and ease knowledge transfer and to break down the harmful isolation. Quite paradoxically, the challenge is that CoPs can also form within silos, thereby strengthening isolation, and HR as a utility department can itself be particularly prone to the silo effects. Examination of boundaries and silos through an original study conducted in a Finnish energy sector company suggests that HR managers need competences outside their own expertise area and courage to augment their CoPs across the functional boundaries to break out of the HR silo and to assist other functions to do the same.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on qualitative research data gathered in four focus group interviews with HR personnel from an energy sector company in November 2012. Totally, 19 professionals were interviewed (five HR partners, five talent development and performance managers, five vice presidents of HR and four HR managers) in the four focus groups. The company’s HR personnel represented units from Finland, Sweden, Poland and Estonia.

Findings

Examination of boundaries and silos in the Finnish energy sector suggests that HR managers need competences outside their own field (e.g. knowledge of the business and offerings of the firm) and courage to augment their CoPs across the functional boundaries to break out of the HR silo and to assist other functions to do the same.

Originality/value

Research provided that CoPs can have different effects on silos. As they are capable of crossing organizational and functional boundaries, they may effectively mitigate adverse silo effects; however, if CoPs are formed within silos, they may strengthen isolation and fragmentation. In addition, utility departments and supporting functions are particularly prone to the risk of CoPs forming within silos. The HR function is one manifestation of this. Paradoxically, it also has the potential to enhance the other type of effects that CoPs can exert, as competence management can be used to foster intentional and self-organizing CoPs that counter silo effects.
Learning strategies at work and professional development
Authors: Haemer Hannah Deborah , Borges-Andrade Jairo Eduardo , Cassiano Simone Kelli
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the prediction of current and evolutionary perceptions of professional development through five learning strategies at work and through training and how individual and job characteristics predict those strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

Variables were measured in a cross-sectional survey, with 962 individuals. Relationships were tested through linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The criterion variable current professional development is positively associated to three learning strategies: intrinsic and extrinsic reflection, seeking help from others and trial and error. The relationship between this latter learning strategy and that criterion variable is moderated by work experience. Hours of training also predict that criterion variable. Seeking help from others and educational level predict perceived evolutionary development. Socio-cultural and technical-organizational work environment variables predict those five strategies.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional research design yields potential for monomethod bias. Longitudinal, multilevel and multiple collection design studies should be conducted in the future.

Originality/value

A wide range of occupations and organizational contexts was investigated by using two different measures of professional development as criterion variables. A larger effect size was found for one of them, given just three learning strategies as antecedent variables. Training and formal education had smaller effects. The importance of taking into account different characteristics of workplace learning environments is highlighted.
Surgical learning and guidance on operative risks and potential errors
Authors: Ruoranen Minna , Antikainen Teuvo , Eteläpelto Anneli
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Within the framework of learning from errors, this study focused on how operative risks and potential errors are addressed in guidance to surgical residents during authentic surgical operations. The purpose of this paper is to improve patient safety and to diminish medical complications resulting from possible operating errors. Further in the process of the optimal contexts for instruction aimed at preventing risks and errors in the practical hospital environment was evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

The five authentic surgical operations were analyzed, all of which were organized as training sessions for surgical residents. The data (collected via video-recoding) were analyzed by a consultant surgeon and an education expert working together.

Findings

The results showed that the risks and potential errors in the surgical operations were rarely addressed in guidance during operations. The guidance provided mostly concerned technical issues, such as instrument handling, and exploration of critical anatomical structures. There was little guidance focusing on situation-based risks and potential errors, such as unexpected procedural challenges, teamwork and practical decision-making. The findings showed that optimal context of learning about risks and potential errors of surgical operation are not always the authentic operation context.

Originality/value

The study was conducted in an authentic surgical operation-cum-training context. The originality of the study derives from its focus on guidance related to risk and error prevention in surgical workplace learning. The findings can be used to create a meaningful learning environment – including powerful guidance – for practice-based surgical learning, maximally addressing patient safety, but giving possibilities also for other training options.
Editorial: The politics of reproduction and parenting cultures – procreation, pregnancy, childbirth and childrearing
Authors: Latimer Joanna , Thomas Gareth M.
Published: July 2017

‘Controlling life was and is to be achieved in part by rationalizing and industrializing reproductive processes. Multiple heterogeneous and contradictory groups have had an interest in achieving such control – from elites seeking to control others to individuals, especially women, trying to get a grip on their own lives through controlling their reproduction; from eugenicists ultimately trying to control evolution to neo‐Malthusians trying to control national and population size; from philanthropists and foundation executives trying to shape the future of science and human life in varied directions to reproductive scientists trying to do their research … The biomedicalization of life itself (human, plant, and animal) is the key overarching and usually taken for grantedsocialprocess here’ (Clarke: 273–5).
The effect of applicant political skill on the race dissimilarity‐recruiter recommendations relationship
Authors: Breland Jacob W. , Seitz Stephanie R. , Treadway Darren C. , Lovelace Kathi J. , Gazdag Brooke A.
Published: July 2017

The importance of recruiting minority candidates is increasing due to legal and strategic concerns. Although the majority of research in the area investigating race dissimilarity has been found to have significant negative effects on interviewing outcomes, the results have been inconsistent. Integrating our model into that proposed by Huffcutt, we attempt to better understand some of these inconsistencies by introducing political influence compatibility as a mediator between race dissimilarity and recruiter hiring recommendations. We further integrate political skill as a moderator to neutralise the negative impact of being racially dissimilar on political influence compatibility. The model was tested using data collected from actual interviews conducted in unstructured settings, and support was found for the hypotheses.
“Handle with care”: The mediating role of schedule i‐deals in the relationship between supervisors' own caregiving responsibilities and employee outcomes
Authors: Las Heras Mireia , Van der Heijden Beatrice I.J.M. , De Jong Jeroen , Rofcanin Yasin
Published: July 2017

Drawing on theories of perspective‐taking and i‐deals, this study explores the impact of supervisors' own caregiving responsibilities for elders and parental status on subordinates' schedule i‐deals. Moreover, we investigate the extent to which schedule i‐deals mediate the relationship between supervisors' caregiving responsibilities and two employee outcomes: satisfaction with work–family balance and turnover intentions. Using a sample of 520 dyads involving 137 supervisors and 520 employees, the results of multilevel analysis show that supervisors' caregiving responsibilities for elders is positively related to schedule i‐deals, but their parental status is not. The findings also show that schedule i‐deals mediate the effect of supervisors' caregiving responsibilities for elders on subordinates' satisfaction with work–family balance and turnover intentions. This research contributes to the i‐deals' literature by focusing on the role of managers' own caregiving responsibilities in facilitating the provision of schedule i‐deals to their subordinates and by exploring the consequences of schedule i‐deals to gain an understanding of the mutually beneficial nature of such deals. From a practical point of view, supervisors and HR departments might utilise schedule i‐deals to drive desirable employee outcomes, in particular their caregiving responsibilities, and to engender a family‐supportive organisational culture.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of hyoscine butylbromide versus anisodamine for acute gastric or intestinal spasm‐like pain: A randomized, double‐blinded, multicenter Phase III trial
Authors: Zhu Chun Ping , Jiang Fei , Wang Rong Quan , Guo Xiao Zhong , Hou Xiao Hua , Xu Hong , Zeng Ya , Du Yi Qi , Li Zhao Shen
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

Acute gastric or intestinal spasm‐like pain is common in clinical setting. Hyoscine butylbromide (HBB), an anti‐cholinergic agent, relieves pain in stomach and bowel cramps by inhibiting smooth muscle contractility. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of parenteral HBB and anisodamine for treating acute gastric or intestinal pain.

METHODS

In this randomized, controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group, multicenter non‐inferiority trial, 299 Chinese patients were randomly assigned to HBB or anisodamine in a ratio of 1:1. They were administrated a single dose of either HBB 20 mg or anisodamine 10 mg, and a second dose was given when needed. The primary end‐point was the difference in pain intensity (PID) from the pre‐dose baseline at 20 min after the first injection.

RESULTS

Altogether 295 patients completed the protocol (153 in the HBB and 142 in the anisodamine group). For the primary end‐point, the PID was −4.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.41, −3.76) for the HBB group and −3.66 (95% CI: −4.02, −3.31) for the anisodamine group (P < 0.0001 for non‐inferiority). The percentage of patients with at least one adverse event was lower in the HBB group than in the anisodamine group (13.1% vs 17.6%), but there was no statistical significance (P = 0.279). The most frequent adverse events were thirst (7.8%) and dry mouth (2.6%) in the HBB group, and thirst (7.0%), dry mouth (3.5%) and nodal arrhythmia (2.1%) in the anisodamine group.

CONCLUSIONS

HBB 20 mg was not inferior to anisodamine 10 mg in pain relief of patients with acute gastric or intestinal spasm‐like pain. Both drugs were safe and well tolerated.
Major phylum‐level differences between porefluid and host rock bacterial communities in the terrestrial deep subsurface
Authors: Momper Lily , Kiel Reese Brandi , Zinke Laura , Wanger Greg , Osburn Magdalena R. , Moser Duane , Amend Jan P.
Published: July 2017

Earth's deep subsurface biosphere (DSB) is home to a vast number and wide variety of microorganisms. Although difficult to access and sample, deep subsurface environments have been probed through drilling programs, exploration of mines and sampling of deeply sourced vents and springs. In an effort to understand the ecology of deep terrestrial habitats, we examined bacterial diversity in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), the former Homestake gold mine, in South Dakota, USA. Whole genomic DNA was extracted from deeply circulating groundwater and corresponding host rock (at a depth of 1.45 km below ground surface). Pyrotag DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed diverse communities of putative chemolithoautotrophs, aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs, numerous candidate phyla and unique rock‐associated microbial assemblage. There was a clear and near‐total separation of communities between SURF deeply circulating fracture fluids and SURF host‐rocks. Sequencing data from SURF compared against five similarly sequenced terrestrial subsurface sites in Europe and North America revealed classes Clostridia and Betaproteobacteria were dominant in terrestrial fluids. This study presents a unique analysis showing differences in terrestrial subsurface microbial communities between fracture fluids and host rock through which those fluids permeate.
Intermittent Access to Ethanol Drinking Facilitates the Transition to Excessive Drinking After Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure
Authors: Kimbrough Adam , Kim Sarah , Cole Maury , Brennan Molly , George Olivier
Published: July 2017

Background

Alcohol binge drinking in humans is thought to increase the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Unclear is whether drinking patterns (e.g., bingelike or stable drinking) differentially affect the transition to compulsive‐like drinking in dependent individuals. We examined whether chronic bingelike drinking facilitates the transition to compulsive‐like drinking in rats.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were given 5 months of intermittent access to ethanol (EtOH) (IAE) or continuous access to EtOH (CAE) in a 2‐bottle choice paradigm. Then, rats were given chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) vapor exposure. Escalation of EtOH intake and compulsive‐like responding for EtOH, using a progressive‐ratio schedule of reinforcement and quinine‐adulterated EtOH, were measured.

Results

IAE rats escalated EtOH drinking after 2 weeks of 2‐bottle choice, whereas CAE rats exhibited stable EtOH drinking for 5 months. After 8 weeks of CIE, both IAE + CIE and CAE + CIE rats escalated their EtOH intake. However, IAE rats escalated their EtOH intake weeks sooner than CAE rats and exhibited greater EtOH intake. No differences in compulsive‐like responding were found between IAE + CIE and CAE + CIE rats. However, both IAE + CIE and CAE + CIE rats showed strong compulsive‐like responding compared with rats without prior IAE or CAE.

Conclusions

Chronic EtOH drinking at stable or escalated levels for several months is associated with more compulsive‐like responding for EtOH in rats that are exposed to CIE compared with rats without a prior history of EtOH drinking. Moreover, IAE facilitated the transition to compulsive‐like responding for EtOH after CIE exposure, reflected by the escalation of EtOH intake. These results suggest that IAE may facilitate the transition to AUD. This study indicates that despite a moderate level of EtOH drinking, the IAE animal model is highly relevant to early stages of alcohol abuse and suggests that it may be associated with neuroadaptations that produce a faster transition to alcohol dependence.
Are alcohol‐related disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth decreasing?
Authors: Fish Jessica N. , Watson Ryan J. , Porta Carolyn M. , Russell Stephen T. , Saewyc Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims

Although sexual orientation‐related alcohol use disparities are well established, researchers have not identified whether disparities are diminishing as societal attitudes towards lesbian/gay and bisexual (LGB) people become more accepting. We examined changes in four alcohol‐related disparities between heterosexual and LGB youth from 1998 to 2013 by (1) estimating the prevalence of these behaviors; (2) estimating disparities in alcohol‐related outcomes between heterosexual and LGB youth within each wave year; and (3) testing whether the degree of difference in alcohol‐related disparities between heterosexual and LGB youth has changed.

Design

Logistic regression models and year × sexual orientation interactions with repeated, cross‐sectional, provincially representative data.

Setting

British Columbia, Canada.

Participants

Students (ages 12–19) from the 1998 (n = 22 858), 2003 (n = 29 323), 2008 (n = 25 254) and 2013 (n = 21 938) British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (total n = 99 373, 48.7% male, mean age = 14.84).

Measurements

We modeled age‐adjusted differences in life‐time alcohol use, age of onset, past 30‐day drinking and past 30‐day heavy episodic drinking between heterosexual and three subgroups of sexual minority youth (i.e. mostly heterosexual, bisexual and lesbian/gay).

Findings

Generally, alcohol use declined for all youth, although less so among LGB youth [average adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.58 and aOR = 0.53 for heterosexual males and females and aOR = 0.71 and aOR = 0.57 for sexual minority males and females, respectively). Within‐year comparisons demonstrated elevated rates of alcohol use among LGB compared with heterosexual youth for each of the four survey years, especially among females. Findings indicate few changes over time; however, results show an increase in risky alcohol use from 1998 to 2013 among mostly heterosexual (aOR = 1.58 for life‐time alcohol use, aOR = 1.58 for 30‐day alcohol use and aOR = 1.34 for 30‐day heavy episodic drinking), and bisexual (aOR = 1.95 for life‐time alcohol use) females.

Conclusion

Despite the general decline in the prevalence of alcohol use among young people in Canada since 1998, lesbian/gay and bisexual youth in Canada continue to show elevated rates of alcohol use compared with heterosexual youth.
The Current Wave of State Enterprise Reform in China: A Preliminary Appraisal
Authors: Naughton Barry
Published: July 2017

State enterprise reforms are underway in China, and include some positive and overdue corporate governance reform. However, the potential effectiveness of the reforms is compromised by the attempt of policy‐makers to achieve three goals which form an “impossible trinity”: increase firm autonomy; improve oversight; and assign new developmental missions to state firms. The goal of assigning new developmental missions to state firms is reflected in the design of new state investment companies which are intended to gradually take over ownership functions from existing agencies. The structure and function of the new ownership agencies undermines the potential of the corporate governance reforms at the enterprise level. These contradictions will be costly because state firms will likely be ineffective in carrying out developmental missions—particularly technology innovation—while also failing in the enterprise reform goal of becoming more efficient and profitable.
Development of Deep and Upper Neuronal Layers in the Domestic Cat, Sheep and Pig Neocortex
Authors: Glatzle M. , Hoops M. , Kauffold J. , Seeger J. , Fietz S. A.
Published: July 2017

The neocortex plays a key role in cognition, volitional motor control and sensory perception and has undergone tremendous expansion during evolution. The mature neocortex consists of radially aligned neurons that are arranged in six layers. Layers II–VI are often split into two groups: deep and upper layers, both building up the so‐called cortical plate during embryonic and foetal development. So far cortical neurogenesis, including the generation of deep and upper layers, has mostly been studied in laboratory rodents and primates. However, precise data for most companion animals are lacking. This study determined the main period of neurogenesis, specifically the timing of deep and upper layer generation, in the developing domestic cat, pig and sheep neocortex using immunohistochemistry for specific neuronal markers, that is Tbr1 and Brn2. We found that the general sequence of neural events is preserved among cat, pig, sheep and other mammalian species. However, we observed differences in the timing of the overall cortical neurogenic period and occurrence of distinct neural events when these three species were compared. Moreover, our data provide further evidence that the cortical neurogenic period and gestation length might be tightly related. Together, these data expand our current understanding of neocortex development and are important for future studies investigating neocortex development and expansion especially in companion animals.
Dispossession and the Depletion of Social Reproduction
Authors: Fernandez Bina
Published: July 2017

Gender is largely under‐theorized in the now well‐developed literature on dispossession; this paper contributes to the analysis of the gender dimensions of dispossession by bringing the literature on dispossession into conversation with the feminist literature on social reproduction, specifically, depletion of social reproduction. Drawing on qualitative field research, the paper provides a gendered analysis of the multiple vectors of dispossession affecting the Miyana, a Muslim community living in the Little Rann of Kutch, an estuarine zone in central Gujarat within which prawn harvesting and salt production are their symbiotic seasonal livelihood activities. Using the concept of depletion as a diagnostic tool, I argue that the assessment of depletion due to dispossession requires investigation of the levels of mitigation, replenishment or transformation available to individuals, households and communities within the circuits of production and social reproduction.
Letter: complications of percutaneous liver biopsy with Klatskin needles—methodological issues
Authors: Ayubi E. , Sullman M. J. M. , Safiri S.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Takyar et al, and Takyar and Koh papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13939 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14170.
Editorial: volatile organic compounds in breath for monitoring IBD—longitudinal studies are essential
Authors: Williams H. R. T. , Orchard T. R.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Smolinska and van Schooten, and Smolinska et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14163 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14004.
Letter: autoimmune hepatitis—drug‐induced liver injury must always be excluded
Authors: Fan X. , Wang T. , Yang L.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Grønbæk et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13801 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14181.
Letter: bias in clinical trials of the symptomatic effects of the low FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome—getting the facts right
Authors: Gibson P. R. , Halmos E. P. , Muir J. G.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Krogsgaard et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14065 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14165.
Editorial: new insights into the relationship between the intestine and non‐alcoholic fatty liver—is “fatty gut” involved in disease progression?
Authors: Valenti L. , Romeo S.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Pang et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14119
Editorial: the risk of cancer in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Kuipers Ernst J.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Pittayanon et al, and Pittayanon and Barkun papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14082 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14160.
Editorial: the risk of cancer in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia—Authors’ reply
Authors: Pittayanon R. , Barkun A.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Pittayanon et al, and Kuipers papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14082 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14155.
Editorial: hepatitis C direct acting anti‐viral agents and the kidney
Authors: Hussaini T. , Yoshida E. M.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Maan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14117 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14187.
Letter: bias in clinical trials of the symptomatic effects of the low FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome—getting the facts right. Authors' reply
Authors: Krogsgaard L. R. , Lyngesen M. , Bytzer P.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Krogsgaard et al, and Gibson et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14065 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14150.
Letter: complications of percutaneous liver biopsy with Klatskin needles—methodological issues. Authors’ Reply
Authors: Takyar V. , Koh C.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Takyar et al, and Ayubi et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13939 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14131.
Letter: functional dyspepsia is associated with duodenal eosinophilia in an Australian paediatric cohort—methodological issues to avoid misinterpretation. Authors’ reply
Authors: Wauters L. , Nightingale S. , Jones M. , Talley N. J. , Walker M. M.
Published: July 2017

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This article is linked to Wauters et al, and Safiri and Ayubi papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14045 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14158.