bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combustion synthesized boron carbide powders by different organic carbon sources and microwave absorbing properties
Authors: Deng Peilin , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing , Mu Yan , Chong Xiaochuan , Hou Xing
Published: January 2024

Boron carbide powders were synthesized by combustion synthesis using organics chitosan, dextrin, cellulose, starch, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as carbon sources. The microwave absorbing properties of boron carbide powders synthesized by different carbon sources were investigated. The results showed that the powders synthesized using organic compounds containing Cl and N atoms as carbon sources have better absorbing properties. The peak value of reflection loss of boron carbide powder prepared with chitosan as carbon source is −46.41 dB at 2.1 mm thickness, with an effective absorption range of 9.21–12.30 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.09 GHz. The small and uniform boron carbide grains and residual carbon with multiple morphologies enhance the interface polarization and electronic polarization in the material, which leads to multiple reflections and losses of the microwave. Additionally, the lattice defects and surface holes caused by Cl, N, and other atoms in chitosan and PVC increase the energy storage sites of the material, which makes the materials obtain excellent microwave absorbing properties. Boron carbides fabricated from an organic carbon source provide a potential for the preparation of high‐temperature resistant absorber.
Use of alumina dispersant in alumina‐spinel castable: Comparison between in situ and preformed spinels
Authors: Kumar Satyam , Sarkar Ritwik
Published: January 2024

The role of alumina dispersant as a flow modifier, completely replacing fume silica, on the properties of preformed and in situ spinel‐containing low cement high alumina castables was investigated with variations in spinel content and granulometry. Both 10 and 20 wt.% spinel‐containing compositions were prepared using preformed spinel or magnesia in alumina castable compositions with vibratable and self‐flowing consistency. The castables underwent conventional processing methods and accessed for various refractory‐related parameters post‐heat treatments. No glassy phase was observed in the castables upon firing. The presence of self‐flowing consistency led to improved characteristics. Preformed spinel‐containing compositions showed improved density, strength, hot strength, and thermal shock resistance properties, whereas slag corrosion and penetration resistances were found to be higher for in situ spinel‐containing castable.
The Neurobeachin‐like 2 protein (NBEAL2) controls the homeostatic level of the ribosomal protein RPS6 in mast cells
Authors: Wegner Philine , Drube Julia , Ziegler Lisa , Strotmann Birgit , Marquardt Raphaela , Küchler Claudia , Groth Marco , Nieswandt Bernhard , Andreas Nico , Drube Sebastian
Published: January 2024

The Beige and Chediak‐Higashi (BEACH) domain‐containing, Neurobeachin‐like 2 (NBEAL2) protein is a molecule with a molecular weight of 300 kDa. Inactivation of NBEAL2 by loss‐of‐function mutations in humans as well as deletion of the Nbeal2 gene in mice results in functional defects in cells of the innate immune system such as neutrophils, NK‐cells, megakaryocytes, platelets and of mast cells (MCs). To investigate the detailed function of NBEAL2 in murine MCs we generated MCs from wild type (wt) and Nbeal2−/− mice, and deleted Nbeal2 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the murine mast cell line MC/9. We also predicted the structure of NBEAL2 to infer its function and to examine potential mechanisms for its association with interaction partners by using the deep learning‐based method RoseTTAFold and the Pymol© software. The function of NBEAL2 was analysed by molecular and immunological techniques such as co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) experiments, western blotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. We identified RPS6 as an interaction partner of NBEAL2. Thereby, the NBEAL2/RPS6 complex formation is probably required to control the protein homeostasis of RPS6 in MCs. Consequently, inactivation of NBEAL2 leads to accumulation of strongly p90RSK‐phosphorylated RPS6 molecules which results in the development of an abnormal MC phenotype characterised by prolonged growth factor‐independent survival and in a pro‐inflammatory MC‐phenotype.
Discrete cooperative coverage location models with alternative facility types in a probabilistic setting
Authors: Michopoulou Maria , Giannikos Ioannis
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we discuss discrete location problems where the objective is to locate a given number of facilities of different types in order to appropriately cover a given set of demand points. The coverage provided to each demand point is the result of the cooperation among the located facilities. The different types of facility refer to the coverage radius or quality of coverage that each type may provide. We present a non‐linear formulation of the problem where the objective is to maximize the percentage of demand points that are appropriately covered. We then show how the model can be linearized based on a representation of probabilities through a network structure. To address large instances of the problem, we introduce a genetic algorithm (GA) that is based on the representation of the solution by two chromosomes. Computational experiments over a wide range of randomly generated problems indicate the GA clearly outperforms CPLEX, especially in larger instances.
Sintering behavior, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of a novel NaY9Si6O26 ceramic
Authors: Li Yingxiang , Liang Deyin , Zhang Xing , Xiong Zhe , Tang Bin , Si Feng , Fang Zixuan , Shi Zitao , Chen Jingjing , Wang Fei , Li Hao
Published: January 2024

This study investigates NaY9Si6O26 ceramics prepared through the solid‐phase method, focusing on their microwave dielectric properties and crystallographic characteristics. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals a hexagonal crystal structure for NaY9Si6O26 ceramics within the P63/m (176) space group. Rietveld refinement analysis precisely determines the lattice constants as a = b = 9.3423 Å, c = 6.7524 Å, and a unit cell volume of V = 510.3877 Å3. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy unveils a noteworthy correlation between the quality factor and the full width at half maximum of the A1g(O) mode at 878 cm−1. The structural attributes, including lattice fringes and diffraction patterns of hexagonal NaY9Si6O26 ceramics, are elucidated through transmission electron microscopy. Of significance are the microwave dielectric properties of NaY9Si6O26 ceramics sintered at 1465°C, revealing a relative permittivity (εr) of 10.42, an impressive Q × f product of 33 766 GHz (at f = 11.14 GHz), and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −28.7 ppm/°C. This comprehensive investigation contributes to the understanding of both the structural and microwave dielectric characteristics of NaY9Si6O26 ceramics, with potential applications in advanced electronic devices.
Water velocity shapes fish movement behavior
Authors: Hintz William D. , Porreca Anthony P. , Garvey James E.
Published: January 2024

Stream and river ecosystems present fluvial fishes with a dynamic energy landscape because moving water generates heterogeneous flow fields that are rarely static in space and time. Fish movement behavior should be consistent with conserving energy in these dynamic flowing environments, but little evidence supporting this hypothesis exists. Here, we tested experimentally whether three general movement behaviors—against the current, with the current, or holding position (i.e., staying in one position and location)—were performed in a way consistent with minimizing the cost of swimming in a heterogeneous flow field. We tested the effects of water velocity on movement behavior across three age classes (0, 1, and 5 years) of two different fluvial specialist fishes, the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). Individuals from the three age classes were exposed to a continuous and dynamic velocity field ranging from 0.02 to 0.53 m s−1, which represented natural benthic flow regimes occupied by these species in rivers. Both sturgeon species exhibited the same pattern with regard to their tendency to hold position, move upstream, or move downstream. Moving downstream was positively associated with velocity for all age groups. Moving upstream was inversely related to velocity for young fish, but as the fish aged, moving upstream was not related to water velocity. The oldest fish (age 5) moved upstream more frequently compared to the younger age classes. Holding position within a water current was the most frequent behavior and occurred with similar probability across the range of experimental velocity for youngest fish (age 0), but was inversely related to velocity in older fish. Our experiment across age classes suggests that the suite of swimming behaviors exhibited by fluvial specialists might have evolved to mitigate the energetic costs of complex energy landscapes generated by moving water to ultimately maximize net energy gain.
Histological differentiation between sporadic and colitis‐associated intestinal cancer in a nationwide study: A propensity‐score‐matched analysis
Authors: Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Noguchi Tatsuki , Okabayashi Koji , Futami Kitaro , Tanaka Shinji , Ohge Hiroki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Itabashi Michio , Okamoto Kinya , Okita Yoshiki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Yamada Kazutaka , Shimada Yoshifumi , Sato Yu , Kimura Hideaki , Takahashi Kenichi , Hida Koya , Kinugasa Yusuke , Okuda Junji , Daito Koji , Koyama Fumikazu , Ueno Hideki , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hanai Tsunekazu , Kono Toru , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Ajioka Yoichi , Sugihara Kenichi , Ishihara Soichiro ,   Study Group for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated Intestinal Cancers of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

Colitis‐associated intestinal cancer (CAC) can develop in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; however, the malignant grade of CAC may differ from that of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we compared histological findings distinct from cancer stage between CAC and sporadic CRC to evaluate the features of CAC.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical and histological data collected from a nationwide database in Japan between 1983 and 2020. Patient characteristics were compared to distinguish ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and sporadic CRC. Comparisons were performed by using all collected data and propensity score‐matched data.

Results

A total of 1077 patients with UC‐CAC, 297 with CD‐CAC, and 136 927 with sporadic CRC were included. Although the prevalence of well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (Tub1 and Tub2) decreased according to tumor progression for all diseases (P < 0.01), the prevalence of other histological findings, including signet ring cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma, was significantly higher in CAC than in sporadic CRC. Based on propensity score‐matched data for 982 patients with UC and 268 with CD, the prevalence of histological findings other than Tub1 and Tub2 was also significantly higher in those with CAC. At pT4, mucinous carcinoma occurred at a significantly higher rate in patients with CD (45/86 [52.3%]) than in those with sporadic CRC (13/88 [14.8%]) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

CAC, including early‐stage CAC, has a higher malignant grade than sporadic CRC, and this difference increases in significance with tumor progression.
The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement
Authors: Oh Sarang , Kim Hongyong , Kim Myeongju , Jin Xiangji , Zheng Shengdao , Yi Tae‐Hoo
Published: January 2024

Background

Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract‐containing soap (JAUN‐CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement.

Methods

Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20–60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN‐CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules.

Results

Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin‐improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future.
Annual numbers of diagnoses and medical expenses for obstetric diseases in Japan: A report from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims
Authors: Nagata Chie , Suto Maiko , Morisaki Naho , Kobayashi Tohru , Takehara Kenji
Published: January 2024

Aim

The present study aimed to estimate the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, total amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases, their averages per livebirth, and yearly trends in Japan.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) (data from 2015 to 2019). The target population was women of reproductive age (15–49 years old) with diseases in pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, defined by having O codes according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. We calculated the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases marked with the “main injury/disease decision flag,” and the totals divided by the annual numbers of livebirths, by year and women's age group.

Results

From 2015 to 2019, both the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed and amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases per livebirth were on an upward trend, whereas the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed were decreased. Women in advanced age groups had a higher number of diagnoses and a higher amount of medical expenses for obstetric diseases per livebirth. “Preterm labour without delivery” had the highest amounts of medical expenses claimed for and the second highest numbers of diagnoses throughout the study period.

Conclusions

This study suggests that pregnant women in Japan would have an increasing number of obstetric complications and necessary medical expenses year by year. Further study is warranted to elucidate these trends and identify possible mitigation measures.
Genetic structure of the commercially important Asian monsoon scallop, Amusium pleuronectes (Linnaeus 1758), across the Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Hardianto Eko , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Imai Hideyuki
Published: January 2024

The Asian monsoon scallop, Amusium pleuronectes, is a key member of the most commercially harvested shellfish community in Asia. Patterns of genetic diversity and natural population structure in the target species were investigated to gain a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Samples were collected from five sites across the Indonesian Archipelago. We characterized sequence variation in an mtDNA control region fragment in 249 individuals. The genetic diversity (h = ranging from 0.83 to 0.92) and nucleotide diversity (π = ranging from 0.24 to 0.32) were low compared to the estimates reported for many other similar shellfish taxa. Nonetheless, analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic differentiation, FST = 0.0203 (p < .005 after Bonferroni corrections). Furthermore, both Pairwise fixation index values showed significance among majority population sites, indicating that dispersal potential and gene flow were low in the past. This pattern likely reflects a low dispersal potential, potentially allowing local adaptation to sites that augment any oceanographic and geographic contribution to genetic structure. The results described herein provide a foundation for developing better conservation strategies for the target species in the future.
Autologous Costal Chondral/Osteochondral Transplantation and Costa‐Derived Chondrocyte Implantation for Articular Cartilage Repair: Basic Science and Clinical Applications
Authors: Wei Yuxuan , Guo Hao , Chen Zhuhong , Sun Nian , Zeng Canjun
Published: January 2024

There has been increasing application of autologous costal chondral/osteochondral transplantation (ACCT/ACOT) and costa‐derived chondrocyte implantation (ACCI) for articular cartilage repair over the past three decades. This review presents the major evidence on the properties of costal cartilage and bone and their qualifications as grafts for articular cartilage repair, the major clinical applications, and the risks and strategies for costal chondral/osteochondral graft(s) harvest. First, costal cartilage has many specific properties that help restore the articular surface. Costa, which can provide abundant cartilage and cylindrical corticocancellous bone, preserves permanent chondrocyte and is the largest source of hyaline cartilage. Second, in the past three decades, autologous costal cartilage‐derived grafts, including cartilage, osteochondral graft(s), and chondrocyte, have expanded their indications in trauma and orthopaedic therapy from small to large joints, from the upper to lower limbs, and from non‐weight‐bearing to weight‐bearing joints. Third, the rate of donor‐site complications of ACCT or ACOT is low, acceptable, and controllable, and some skills and accumulated experience can help reduce the risks of ACCT and ACOT. Costal cartilage‐derived autografting is a promising technique and could be an ideal option for articular chondral lesions with or without subchondral cysts. More high‐quality clinical studies are urgently needed to help us further understand the clinical value of such technologies.
Hormone and transcriptomic analysis revealed that ABA and BR are key factors in the formation of inter‐subgeneric hybridization barrier in water lily
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Jingwen , Jiang Huiyan , Yang Zhijuan , Sun Chunqing , Wang Hongyan , Su Qun , Jin Qijiang , Wang Yanjie , Xu Yingchun
Published: January 2024

Understanding the process of signal communication between pollen and stigma is of significant importance for plant sexual reproduction. In the case of inter‐subgeneric hybridization in water lily, a pre‐fertilization hybridization barrier exists, the regulatory mechanism of which remains unclear. In this study, we conducted hormone and transcriptome analyses of unpollinated stigmas (Mock), self‐pollinated stigmas (SP), cross‐pollinated stigmas within the same subgenus (CP), and inter‐subgenus cross‐pollination stigmas (ISCP) in water lily to elucidate the formation mechanism of the inter‐subgeneric hybridization barrier. Our results indicated that the lack of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinolide (BR) in ISCP stigmas are key factors contributing to the formation of the inter‐subgeneric hybridization barrier in water lily. Exogenous application of ABA and BR can help overcome the barrier between inter‐subgeneric water lily crosses. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified nine candidate genes involved in regulating the inter‐subgeneric hybridization barrier in water lily. In addition, we further demonstrated the importance of the NCED2‐mediated ABA synthesis pathway in the pollination process through AS‐ODN technology. Our study confirms that ABA and BR are critical for breaking the inter‐subgeneric hybridization barrier. The identification of the nine candidate genes provides important clues for further research on the hybridization recognition mechanism in water lily.
The role of the epithelial sentinels, Langerhans cells and γδT cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hovav Avi‐Hai , Wilensky Asaf
Published: January 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises in the oral epithelium, a tissue in which immune surveillance is mediated by its primary resident leukocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), and γδT cells. Under steady‐state conditions, LCs and γδT cells play a critical role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis. As antigen‐presenting cells of stratified epithelia, LCs respond to various challenges faced by the epithelium, orchestrating innate, and adaptive immune responses in order to resolve them. γδT cells also sense diverse epithelial insults and react rapidly through cytokine production and cytolytic activity. These epithelial sentinels are also considered to be the first leukocytes in the oral epithelium to encounter early carcinogenic events that have the potential of becoming OSCC. As evident in many malignancies, leukocyte populations help prevent cancer development although they also promote tumor progression. OSCC is no exception, as studies have reported both anti‐ and pro‐tumor roles of LCs and γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny of LCs and γδT cells in the oral epithelium and discuss their role in OSCC.
Quantity over quality? How economic factors and welfare state interventions affected job insecurity and job quality before, during and after the economic crises
Authors: Antonucci Lorenza , Seo Hyojin , Strobl Martin
Published: January 2024

This article uses multilevel analysis of 24 European countries to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables (GDP and unemployment) and welfare state interventions (active and passive labour market policies) on job insecurity and job quality in Europe from the mid‐1990s until the last 2021 COVID crisis. The paper makes a distinction between the crisis of the welfare state and the reaction of welfare states to crises and connects the job quality literature with that on the transformation of the welfare state. The article introduces several innovations to the literature by looking at the impact of welfare state interventions on multidimensional job quality, distinguishing between different types of active labour market policy spending and considering the generosity of benefits. The findings show that active labour market policies (ALMPs) and passive labour market policies (PLMPs) have a positive effect in reducing job insecurity across skill groups. ALMPs and PLMPs also improved several dimensions of job quality, but mostly among manual/low‐skilled workers, while they have a negative effect on work pressure which mostly affects medium‐ and high‐skilled workers. The article concludes by discussing how, due to the reach of ALMP and PLMP interventions, the positive effects of the welfare state on job quality are concentrated among lower‐skilled workers, thereby limiting the ambition of contemporary welfare states to generate positive spillover effects on the quality of work for all workers.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*15:01:75 allele identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jiying , Yao Yao , Wang Xiaojing
Published: January 2024

HLA‐B*15:01:75 differs from HLA‐B*15:01:01:01 by a single synonymous change in exon 2.
Addressing the New Challenges for O&M of Floating Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Leimeister Mareike , Baumgärtner David , Grotebrune Thilo , Hildebrandt Arndt , Kaczenski Jonas
Published: January 2024

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are an essential technology for effectively exploiting the wind energy potential in deeper waters and could pave the way for rapid future growth of the offshore renewable energy market. Unlike the knowledge of accessibility and availability of bottom-fixed offshore wind farms, this information is relatively unknown for FOWTs and therefore subject to great uncertainty. Environmental conditions, type of transport vehicle, type of landing system or walk-to-work solutions, and floater geometry above and below the waterline are the main influencing factors for operation and maintenance (O&M) activities on FOWTs. Additionally, the human factor is more important in assessing the accessibility and maintainability of FOWTs. Knowledge, analysis, and modeling of relevant direct and relative motions of vessels, floaters, and their combined behavior are essential fundamentals for O&M. Finally, predicting the accessibility and availability of FOWTs is key to accurately assessing the developer’s and operator’s return on investment. Thus, this paper aims at providing guidelines on requirements for improving the maintainability and availability of FOWTs, including a proposed approach and potential toolchain. These recommendations are based on a case study investigating the different motion behaviors of vessels and FOWTs, and subsequently derived critical aspects for O&M activities on FOWTs.
FOWT Mooring System Design: Cost, Risk and Failure Implications
Authors: Weller Sam D. , Paterson Jack , MacIver Callum , Yeats Ben , Mackay Tom
Published: January 2024

Considering the design requirements of commercial-scale floating offshore wind turbine systems (FOWTs > 10MW+) synergies exist with the existing offshore sector and it is unsurprising that conventional mooring and anchoring systems, and respective components are being proposed in the first instance. A key current industry discussion is focused on the subject of inherent redundancy and safety factors adopted for FOWT mooring systems. It is recognised that the risk profile for FOWT systems is different from that of oil and gas (O&G) installations and that existing O&G design codes may be overly conservative but to draw strong conclusions on this requires a robust analysis of cost and risk.

In order to provide meaningful insight into the implications of redundancy for a broad range of scenarios (e.g., mooring system types and configurations, sites and environmental conditions) exhaustive analyses to explore the mooring design parameter space is required. This paper outlines an efficient approach to identify a large number of potential mooring systems suitable for a commercial scale (15MW) FOWT as a precursor to carrying out lifecycle reliability and cost assessments.
Offshore Wind Feeder Vessel Voyage Simulations
Authors: Torres Rodriguez Adriana , Serraris Jorrit-Jan , Voogt Arjan
Published: January 2024

US cabotage laws and the low supply of Jones Act compliant Wind Turbine Installation Vessels (WTIV) necessitate the use of the feeder vessel system when installing offshore wind projects. This paper outlines a numerical methodology for determining weather impacts on installation operations and simulating the number of installation voyages that can be completed using a feeder vessel. One installation voyage consists of roundtrip transportation between the port and transfer of wind turbine generator (WTG) components at both ends. A representative 100.2 m vessel was used to demonstrate the applicability of this method. Ultimately, the results reflect strong dependence on seasonality, and as found in a previous study, the voyage is most sensitive to environmental conditions when transferring WTG components at the installation site [1, 2, 3]. Traveling between Northport, NY and the Bay State Wind lease area, the maximum amount of voyages achieved per month for this vessel was 10 due to configuration delays between the start and end of consecutive voyages. This figure increases to 14.1 per month when voyages occur consecutively. Finally, this method can be applied to other feeder vessels for individual analysis, comparison to each other, and even comparison against WTIVs to determine if adapting the feeder concept is advantageous in other countries where restrictions like the Jones Act are not a limiting factor.
Maximisation of Wind Farm Power Production Using the Teaching Learning Based Optimisation Algorithm
Authors: Balakrishnan Raj Kiran , Hur Sung-ho
Published: January 2024

The wake effect is a significant challenge in wind farm power production, as it can greatly reduce the output power of the wind farm. Wake redirection control (WRC) is a wake control strategy that effectively improves wind farm power production. A realtime optimisation approach is developed to implement WRC in the wind farm. This approach uses teaching learning-based optimisation (TLBO) to solve the real-time wind farm optimisation problem. This algorithm is applied to a wind farm model of a real-life 20-turbine wind farm in South Korea. The model is created using FLORISSE_M, the MATLAB version of the FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state) model. The objective function of the optimisation problem is to maximise the total power output of the wind farm, and control variables are the yaw angles of the turbines in the wind farm. The simulations are conducted for various mean wind speeds, i.e., 6, 8, and 10 m/s, and for different wind directions, i.e., 0 to 330 degrees, incremented by 30 degrees. The results show that implementing the real-time optimisation on a 20-turbine wind farm with WRC incorporated significantly improves overall wind farm power production. The optimised yaw angles from the FLORISSE_M are validated with a high-fidelity wind farm model called SOWFA (Simulator for Wind Farm Applications). The results of the SOWFA simulation show significant agreement with the optimised yaw angles from the FLORISSE_M model. The total wind farm power output is also improved in the SOWFA simulation.
Investigation of the dielectric recovery process of vacuum arc in double breaks by planar laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Cao Bo , Li Rui , Sun Liqiong , Li Haomin , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua
Published: January 2024

The multibreak vacuum circuit breaker uses multiple short gaps to interrupt the fault current, greatly improving the dielectric strength, and is a viable method to realize high-voltage interruption. The metal vapor distribution near the current zero is crucial for the dielectric recovery process in the multibreak vacuum circuit breaker. Due to the complicated dielectric construction and the interaction between the breakers, the vacuum arc inevitably deviates from the axisymmetric distribution during the interruption process. The traditional diagnosis method limited to 0D or 1D is not sufficient to study the real distribution of metal vapor near the current zero. To address these issues, we developed a planar laser-induced fluorescence method to measure the 2D distribution of copper vapor near the current zero by detecting 510.6 nm fluorescence intensity. The results indicate that for the butt contacts, the copper vapor is diffused in the gap of the high-voltage break and aggregated on the cathode surface of the low-voltage break. The axial magnetic field and transverse magnetic field affect the 2D copper vapor distribution and eliminate the inconsistency, which is achieved by affecting the motion of charged particles and the ionization-recombination process. Furthermore, the copper vapor density exhibits a positive dependence on the arc current, and the magnetic field impacts the density increase rate and distribution mode.
Genetic architecture of alcohol consumption identified by a genotype-stratified GWAS and impact on esophageal cancer risk in Japanese people
Authors: Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Nakatochi Masahiro , Namba Shinichi , Oze Isao , Charvat Hadrien , Narita Akira , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Hishida Asahi , Hara Megumi , Takezaki Toshiro , Koyama Teruhide , Nakamura Yohko , Suzuki Sadao , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Kuriki Kiyonori , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Takeuchi Kenji , Hozawa Atsushi , Kinoshita Kengo , Sutoh Yoichi , Tanno Kozo , Shimizu Atsushi , Ito Hidemi , Kasugai Yumiko , Kawakatsu Yukino , Taniyama Yukari , Tajika Masahiro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Suzuki Etsuji , Hosono Yasuyuki , Imoto Issei , Tabara Yasuharu , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya ,   The BioBank Japan Project, Matsuda Koichi , Nakano Shiori , Goto Atsushi , Katagiri Ryoko , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Wakai Kenji , Yamamoto Masayuki , Sasaki Makoto , Matsuda Fumihiko , Okada Yukinori , Iwasaki Motoki , Brennan Paul , Matsuo Keitaro
Published: January 2024

An East Asian–specific variant on
aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
(
ALDH2
rs671, G>A) is the major genetic determinant of alcohol consumption. We performed an rs671 genotype-stratified genome-wide association study meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals to explore gene-gene interactions with rs671 behind drinking behavior. The analysis identified three genome-wide significant loci (
GCKR
,
KLB
, and
ADH1B
) in wild-type homozygotes and six (
GCKR
,
ADH1B
,
ALDH1B1
,
ALDH1A1
,
ALDH2
, and
GOT2
) in heterozygotes, with five showing genome-wide significant interaction with rs671. Genetic correlation analyses revealed ancestry-specific genetic architecture in heterozygotes. Of the discovered loci, four (
GCKR
,
ADH1B
,
ALDH1A1
, and
ALDH2
) were suggested to interact with rs671 in the risk of esophageal cancer, a representative alcohol-related disease. Our results identify the genotype-specific genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and reveal its potential impact on alcohol-related disease risk.
Ku70 senses cytosolic DNA and assembles a tumor-suppressive signalosome
Authors: Pandey Abhimanu , Shen Cheng , Feng Shouya , Enosi Tuipulotu Daniel , Ngo Chinh , Liu Cheng , Kurera Melan , Mathur Anukriti , Venkataraman Shweta , Zhang Jing , Talaulikar Dipti , Song Renhua , Wong Justin J.-L. , Teoh Narci , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Man Si Ming
Published: January 2024

The innate immune response contributes to the development or attenuation of acute and chronic diseases, including cancer. Microbial DNA and mislocalized DNA from damaged host cells can activate different host responses that shape disease outcomes. Here, we show that mice and humans lacking a single allele of the DNA repair protein Ku70 had increased susceptibility to the development of intestinal cancer. Mechanistically, Ku70 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it binds to cytosolic DNA and interacts with the GTPase Ras and the kinase Raf, forming a tripartite protein complex and docking at Rab5
+
Rab7
+
early-late endosomes. This Ku70-Ras-Raf signalosome activates the MEK-ERK pathways, leading to impaired activation of cell cycle proteins Cdc25A and CDK1, reducing cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We also identified the domains of Ku70, Ras, and Raf involved in activating the Ku70 signaling pathway. Therapeutics targeting components of the Ku70 signalosome could improve the treatment outcomes in cancer.
Historical and future maximum sea surface temperatures
Authors: Cael B. B. , Burger Friedrich A. , Henson Stephanie A. , Britten Gregory L. , Frölicher Thomas L.
Published: January 2024

Marine heat waves affect ocean ecosystems and are expected to become more frequent and intense. Earth system models’ ability to reproduce extreme ocean temperature statistics has not been tested quantitatively, making the reliability of their future projections of marine heat waves uncertain. We demonstrate that annual maxima of detrended anomalies in daily mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over 39 years of global satellite observations are described excellently by the generalized extreme value distribution. If models can reproduce the observed distribution of SST extremes, this increases confidence in their marine heat wave projections. 14 CMIP6 models' historical realizations reproduce the satellite-based distribution and its parameters’ spatial patterns. We find that maximum ocean temperatures will become warmer (by 1.07° ± 0.17°C under 2°C warming and 2.04° ± 0.18°C under 3.2°C warming). These changes are mainly due to mean SST increases, slightly reinforced by SST seasonality increases. Our study quantifies ocean temperature extremes and gives confidence to model projections of marine heat waves.
Much more to explore with an oxidation state of nearly four: Pr valence instability in intermetallic
m
-Pr
2
Co
3
Ge
5
Authors: Kyrk Trent M. , Kennedy Ellis R. , Galeano-Cabral Jorge , McCandless Gregory T. , Scott Mary C. , Baumbach Ryan E. , Chan Julia Y.
Published: January 2024

For some intermetallic compounds containing lanthanides, structural transitions can result in intermediate electronic states between trivalency and tetravalency; however, this is rarely observed for praseodymium compounds. The dominant trivalency of praseodymium limits potential discoveries of emergent quantum states in itinerant 4
f
1
systems accessible using Pr
4+
-based compounds. Here, we use in situ powder x-ray diffraction and in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to identify an intermetallic example of a dominantly Pr
4+
state in the polymorphic system Pr
2
Co
3
Ge
5
. The structure-valence transition from a nearly full Pr
4+
electronic state to a typical Pr
3+
state shows the potential of Pr-based intermetallic compounds to host valence-unstable states and provides an opportunity to discover previously unknown quantum phenomena. In addition, this work emphasizes the need for complementary techniques like EELS when evaluating the magnetic and electronic properties of Pr intermetallic systems to reveal details easily overlooked when relying on bulk magnetic measurements alone.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroinfection
Authors: Sun Guorong , Kropp Kai Alexander , Kirchner Marieluise , Plückebaum Nina , Selich Anton , Serrero Manutea , Dhingra Akshay , Cabrera Jorge Rubén , Ritter Birgit , Bauerfeind Rudolf , Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus , Schambach Axel , Sodeik Beate , Mertins Philipp , Viejo-Borbolla Abel
Published: January 2024

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) must infect neurites (or nerve endings) to establish a chronic infection in neurons. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that retract or grow in the presence of repulsive or attractive proteins. Some of these proteins are released by epithelial cells in extracellular vesicles and act upon interaction with their receptor present on neurites. We show here that HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells modulated their effect on neurites, increasing neurite growth. Mechanistically, HSV-1 glycoprotein G (gG) modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles released by epithelial cells, increasing the amount of attractive proteins that enhance neurite outgrowth and facilitate neuronal infection. These results could inform of therapeutic strategies to block HSV-1 induction of neurite outgrowth and, thereby, neuronal infection.
Live tracking of a plant pathogen outbreak reveals rapid and successive, multidecade plasmid reduction
Authors: Roman-Reyna Veronica , Sharma Anuj , Toth Hannah , Konkel Zachary , Omiotek Nicolle , Murthy Shashanka , Faith Seth , Slot Jason , Peduto Hand Francesca , Goss Erica M. , Jacobs Jonathan M.
Published: January 2024

The geranium industry, valued at $4 million annually, faces an ongoing
Xanthomonas hortorum
pv. pelargonii (Xhp) pathogen outbreak. To track and describe the outbreak, we compared the genome structure across historical and globally distributed isolates. Our research revealed Xhp population has not had chromosome rearrangements since 1974 and has three distinct plasmids. In 2012, we found all three plasmids in individual Xhp isolates. However, in 2022, the three plasmids co-integrated into one plasmid named p93. p93 retained putative fitness genes but lost extraneous genomic material. Our findings show that the 2022 strain group of the bacterial plant pathogen
Xanthomonas hortorum
underwent a plasmid reduction. We also observed several
Xanthomonas
species from different years, hosts, and continents have similar plasmids to p93, possibly due to shared agricultural settings. We noticed parallels between genome efficiency and reduction that we see across millennia with obligate parasites with increased niche specificity.
Supplemental Material: Submarine volcanism along shallow ridges did not drive Cryogenian cap carbonate formation
Authors: Dutkiewicz Adriana , Müller Dietmar
Published: January 2024

Methods, Figures S1–S4, Table S1, and boundaries between continental and oceanic crust.  
Supplemental Material: Multiscale structures of crust-mantle beneath the South China block and their geodynamic implication
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Shen Xuzhang , et al.
Published: January 2024

Figure S1: CCP migration image of the PRFs from the permanent seismic stations based on 1-D IASP91 model and Vs velocity profile from the tomographic data of Tao et al. (2018).
Eucalyptus productive matrix influences the soil seed bank in southern Brazil
Authors: Granzotto Fabiane , Matiello Jhonitan , Silva Junior José Carlos Corrêa da , Milagre Jocimar Caiafa , da Silva Rodrigo Pinto , Sulzbach Patricia , da Silva Pedro Seeger , Nunes Pedro Braga , Rovedder Ana Paula Moreira
Published: January 2024

Eucalyptus species are cultivated for various purposes around the world, mainly because they adapt well and grow quickly. These productive matrices of planted forests are common in Brazil, added to which, areas of native vegetation are requirements of environmental legislation. Although eucalyptus plantations are widely distributed in Brazil, little is known about the soil seed bank (SSB) in the eucalyptus productive matrix (EPM). We aim to understand how the EPM made up of eucalyptus plantations and native forest remnants affect the SSB in the Brazilian Pampa. Samples of the SSB of EPM were collected and monitored for 6 months in a shade house. We evaluated seedling emergence, richness, composition, ecological characteristics of the species, diversity, and floristic similarity. We recorded a high rate of seedling emergence, species richness, and different life forms and native species in all EPM treatments; however, the similarity between native remnants and eucalyptus plantations was low. The size and level of conservation of native remnants and the position and management of eucalyptus sites in the EPM influenced the diversity and composition of species. Eucalyptus plantations contain SSBs with potential for natural regeneration when they are in a landscape that maintains conserved native forest remnants. These results expand the knowledge of the SSB in EPM and can support actions in ecological restoration projects.
Anisotropic extensions of Tolman IV through decoupling in energy–momentum squared gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Naz Saba
Published: January 2024

This paper is dedicated to the precise computation of anisotropic extensions for the Tolman IV solution. These extensions are achieved through the utilization of the extended gravitational decoupling scheme within the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] is the contraction of energy–momentum tensor. In this context, we select a linear model characterized by the expression [Formula: see text], where the parameter [Formula: see text] establishes a connection between the geometric and matter components. The extended gravitational decoupling technique incorporates a decoupling parameter that governs the extent of the induced anisotropy. Deformations in the radial and temporal metric components lead to the decomposition of the field equations into two distinct subsystems. One of these sets pertains to the isotropic solution, while the other is addressed by implementing the extra constraints. We examine the outcomes through graphical analysis and investigate the viability and stability of the obtained anisotropic solutions for the celestial object. Moreover, we study the mass, compactness and surface redshift of the system to gain a comprehensive understanding of its characteristics. It is concluded that this technique in this modified gravity yields physically acceptable solutions.
A Study on the Impact of Corporate Financial Accounting Management System on Corporate Innovation Under Sustainable Development Strategy
Authors: Yang Mei
Published: January 2024

In the complex and changeable macro-economy, the sustainable development of enterprises is closely related to their ability to resist risks. To analyze the influencing factors of listed enterprises’ anti risk ability, this study constructs an indicator system of influencing variables through principal component analysis. The financial risk early warning method based on improved RBF neural network is constructed. Afterwards, the relevance of the indicator system was confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test. And in simulation experiments, it compared the classification performance of the BP neural network and the improved RBF model combined with the clustering algorithm. In the training dataset, the classification accuracy of the BP neural network was 79.6% while that of the improved RBF model was as high as 93.6%. In the 30 test datasets, the BP neural network appeared to have seven false positives. In the 30 test datasets, the BP neural network produced seven false judgments, while the proposed method only had three judgment errors. Several experiments showed that the BGD-RBF financial risk early warning model effectively maintained a high performance in the classification accuracy of enterprise financial status. It is more reliable than the traditional BP neural network method.
Design of Sustainable Construction Cost Estimation System Based on Grey Theory — BP Model
Authors: Wei Limei
Published: January 2024

China’s construction industry is developing rapidly, and market investment is out of control. Therefore, accurate and rapid project cost estimation is the focus of the industry. The grey theory system is a method to study the uncertainty problem of little data and poor information. It can excavate different information hidden in the system observation data to achieve correct description and understanding. The research will improve the BP neural network based on grey theory, and verify the exactitude and advantage of the model from performance comparison and empirical analysis. This study can make the project cost forecast more reasonable. Results show that compared with the traditional model, the maximum error value decreased by 0.52, the research model’s maximum mean square error decreased by 0.09, and the variance decreased by 0.13. In the regression analysis, the [Formula: see text]-value of the model fitting was above 0.95, the [Formula: see text]-value of the verification fitting reached 0.9205. The [Formula: see text]-value of the overall fitting reached 0.9475, and the fitting effect was excellent. The convergence speed of the research model is faster than other models, and the fitness value is stable at 1.36. In the empirical analysis, this model can review project cost investment budgets in some areas and reduce project costs. This can improve work efficiency. The model also has certain practical significance for the sustainable development of construction project cost estimates.