bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries
Authors: Shrestha Alisha , Shrestha Abhisesh , Shrestha Anil , Piya Roshan , Pradhan Manisha , Amatya Shirish Prasad , Hirachan Niroj , Ghimire Binam
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is widely used for perioperative anesthesia and analgesia. Dexmedetomidine is highly selective alpha-2 receptor agonist which provides analgesia, sedation and anxiolysis. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of addtion of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular block in upper limb surgeries.

Method: This was a comparative study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal among 44 patients randomly assigned in Group-I (N=22, bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline 28 ml + dexmedetomidine 2 ml (1 mcg/kg), and Group-II (N=22, without dexmedetomidine) for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block for upper limb surgeries. The study was approved by institutional review committee. Onset of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, demographics, hemodynamic parameters, and side effects of drug were compared.  Pin-prick test and modified Bromage scale were used to evaluate sensory and motor block. Visual analogue scale was used for severity of pain. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v.16.

Result: The median time for onsets of sensory and motor block were significantly shorter in group I (1 m and 3 m) than group II (5 m and 10 m). The duration of analgesia was s longer in group I (720 m) than group II (360 m). Two patients had bradycardia and one hypertension in dexmedetomidine group whch were managed successfully.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine added to local anesthetics significantly prolongs the effect of supraclavicular block in upper limb surgeries.
CT KUB evaluation of suspected urolithiasis
Authors: Jaiswal Pooja , Shrestha Shreejana , Dwa Yogita , Maharjan Dinesh , Sherpa Ngawang Temba
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Non-contrasted computed tomography scan for kidney, ureter, and bladder (CT KUB) for diagnosis of urolithiasis is important for accurate diagnosis, followup, and management. Unlike USG, CT KUB has more diagnostic yield in urolithiasis and other incidental findings. This study aims to evaluate the use of the CT KUB in suspected urolithiasis, presented with severe flank pain.

Method: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Hospital, Nepal.TheCT KUB reports of patients with suspected urolithiasis from a period of 3 years from Jan 2017 to Jan 2020 were analyzed for evidence of urolithiasis and secondary signs of obstruction as ‘diagnostic’ of CT KUB. Other incidental radiological findings were further analysed and categorized into urinary and extra-urinary. Ethical approval was obtained.Association of USG and CT KUBwas analysed using Chi-square test,with  p value<0.05considered statistically significant.

Result: Total of 414 CT KUB reports were analysed, 230(55.6%) males, 314 patients had USG before CT KUB. Considering CT KUB as a gold standard for diagnois of urolithiasis, the accuracy of ultrasound was found to be 85.03% and sensitivity is 94.09% and specificity of 27.9%.

Conclusion:  Majority of the patients included in the study had ultrasound done before CT KUB. The sensitivity of ultrasound was significant considering CT KUB as a gold standard in diagnosis of urolithaisis.
Large emphysematous bulla after COVID 19 pneumonia
Authors: Joshi Dipesh Mangal , Maharjan Rony , Shah Jyoti
Published: June 2022

A 38-year-old man, with history of COVID 19 pneumonia 23 days back, non-smoker and known case of hypertension presented to the emergency department with complain of sudden onset multiple episodes of blood mixed sputum associated with shortness of breath and sharp type of left sided chest pain for last five hours. The patient was dyspneic, tachypneic and hypoxemic at the time of examination with SPO2 of 84 to 86% without oxygen which improved to 95-96% after 15 liter/min of oxygen via high flow nasal cannula. There were no breath sounds in left hemi thorax and decreased breath sound on right side with basal crepitation. Chest radiograph revealed left sided pneumothorax, needle decompression done immediately followed by chest tube insertion and maintaining 95-96% oxygen at 8 l/m after the procedure. The patient was admitted, and HRCT revealed giant emphysematous bulla in posteromedial aspects of left lobe. This is to highlight the complications that were observed in post COVID patient.
Spectrum of Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in B & C Hospital, Birtamode, Jhapa, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Manmohan Bir , Sharma Umesh Kumar , Thapaliya Suraj , Pokhrel Abishek , Shrestha Shreya , Nepal Prajwal , Rai Ujwal
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease outbreak, first reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 is a WHO declared pandemic. Chest tomography (CT) findings can supplement in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study in 40 patients with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients with respiratory symptoms who underwent Computed tomography (CT) chest. This retrospective study was conducted at B & C Medical College Teaching Hospital, Birtamode, Jhapa, Nepal.

Results: Total 40 patients, more than 3 lobes of lung involved in all 40 patients (100 %). Only ground-glass opacities seen in 11 patients, only consolidative opacities seen in 5 patients, both ground-glass and consolidation seen in 23 patients, and 1 patient had neither of them. Subpleural linear density was present in 16 patients (40%). Pleural effusion was present in 8 patients and crazy paving pattern in 9 patients. Total lung severity score range from 3 to 19 with a mean score of 9.8.

Conclusions: Characteristic chest Computed tomography (CT) findings were observed in Corona virus disease 2019 infection, which are helpful to the radiologists, clinical physicians and other public health officials in the early detection and diagnosis of this global health emergency.
Assessing the Level of Knowledge and Practice regarding Blood transfusion and Its Complications among Staff Nurses working at B & C Teaching Hospital and Purbanchal Cancer Hospital, Birtamode, Jhapa, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sushmita , Khanal Smita
Published: June 2022

Background: Blood transfusion is a liquid transplant. Nurses are having more responsibility in many aspects of the transfusion process such as taking and labeling blood samples, collection of blood from the blood bank, short term storage in ward areas, checking, administering, documenting transfusion process and monitoring of the patient, it is vital that they are through and methodical in all task related to transfusion to ensure patients safety and must be aware of the steps necessary at each stage to safe guard the patient. Nurses are responsible not only for the actual administration of the blood product and monitoring of the patient during its administration but they also need to efficiently identify and manage any potential transfusion reactions. It is important to remember that transfusion reactions can occur during the actual blood transfusion as well as for days and weeks following the administration of the blood product. Although blood transfusion reactions are rare, it is important that any nurse who administers a blood product be aware of potential reactions and knows how to manage these reactions safely and effectively.

Methods: This is a descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding blood transfusion and its complications.

Results: Forty-four percent (44%) of the nurses had obtained Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing and Health Assistant (HA) degree qualification. Forty percent (40%) of the nurses had one year of experience. Forty percent of the nurses worked in general ward at the hospital. Almost 80% of the nurses (79%) of the nurses stated that they attended Continuing Nursing Education regarding blood transfusion. 59% of total respondents have adequate knowledge.

Conclusions: Continuous Nursing Education for the improvement of nurses’ knowledge and skills as well as routine monitoring should be carried out to ensure safe practice in blood transfusion.
A rare case report of Urinary Bladder Paraganglioma
Authors: Rai Ujwal , Shah Amit Kumar , Sharma Umesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal tumors of the autonomic nervous system which is termed pheochromoctyoma in adrenal gland. These tumors are found within the skull base, neck, mediastinum and periaortic region. Paragangliomas of the urinary bladder are rare, and non-functioning bladder paraganglioma is even rarer and not easily recognized. Histopathological examination of the tumor is essential to establish the diagnosis of paraganglioma. This is a case report of 67year male patient presenting with hematuria and passage of blood clots per urethra in emergency department. Cystoscopic examination revealed an exophytic growth in upper posterior wall of his bladder with areas of hemorrhagic blood clots within the vicinity of growth. His blood pressure was found 120/75 mm of Hg with normal serum sodium and potassium levels. Bipolar transurethral resection of the bladder mass was performed. Intraoperative procedure was uneventful and no rise in blood pressure during resection was found. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry confirmed diagnosis paraganglioma, urinary bladder. Patient is doing well and is kept on follow up.
Comparison of Logistic Euroscore with Euroscore II in predicting postoperative mortality in adult cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Parajuli Santosh Sharma , Rajbhandari Nivesh , Thakur Apurb
Published: June 2022

Background: Logistic Euroscore and Euroscore II are widely used in predicting perioperative mortality after cardiac surgery; however the data regarding the superiority of one over the other in predicting outcome regarding 30 days mortality in isolated coronary artery surgeries are not consistent. This study assessed the predictive accuracy of logistic Euroscore versus Euroscore II in determining 30 days mortality after isolated CABG surgery in a single cardiac center of Nepal.

Methods: One hundred and forty-two patients scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass surgery during the one-year period was taken for this prospective observational study. The predictive post-operative mortality was calculated using both of the scoring system. The actual mortality observed during the 30 day of postoperative period was recorded and the findings were compared with the predictive post-operative mortality according to the scoring systems by using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).

Results: One hundred and forty-two patients were enrolled in this study and average cross clamp time was 65.92 +/- 26.39 minutes and total cardiopulmonary bypass time was 102.90 +/- 37.32 minutes. The average hours of ventilator stay was 9.56 +/- 8.45 and total days of ICU stay was 4.96 +/- 2.00. The observed 30 day mortality was 2.11% (95% CI, 1.96-2.36%) which was slightly better predicted by ESL 2.40% (95% CI, 2.04-2.76%) in comparison to ES II 1.44% (95% CI, 1.22-1.66%). The AUC value was 0.917 (0.817-1.000) for ESL and 0.946 (0.887-1.000) for ES II in predicting 30 day postoperative mortality and were comparable.

Conclusion: Both of the logistic Euroscore and Euroscore II are comparable to each other in predicting 30 day postoperative mortality after isolated CABG surgery.
Repair of Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: 15 years of Single Center experience
Authors: Joshi Dikshya , Aryal Marisha , Gurung Minani , Timala Rabindra B.
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims: Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is an uncommon cardiac anomaly, fatal if not treated in time. This study was designed to retrospectively analyze our 15‐year experience of the surgical repair for ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and to study the optimal surgical strategy, morbidity, mortality, and long-term surgical outcome.

Methods: This study was conducted on 48 (36 Male, and 12 Female) patients of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, operated at department of cardiac surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Nepal, from January 2006 to December 2020 and followed up till March 2021. Follow‐up data were obtained from the outpatient department records and telephone calls.

Results: Mean age was 30.17±11.5 (12-63) years.  Rupture of the right coronary sinus into the right atrium was the most common anatomic type (52%). Preoperative aortic regurgitation equal to or greater than grade II were seen in 9 patients (19%) and ventricular septal defects in 6 cases (13%). Two patients had preoperative renal failure. One patient had associated aortic root dilatation and underwent modified Bentall’s procedure. Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm was repaired from single chamber approach in 9 patients, and dual chamber approach in 39. There was a single mortality (2.08%), two patients required permanent pacemaker placement for complete heart block, and two had wound infection. Follow‐up data were available for 36 patients (75%). With the mean follow up of 7.07±3.93 (range, 0.83-15) years, there was no recurrence present. All survivors were in New York Heart Association functional Class I or II. There was one late death, due to non-cardiac cause.

Conclusion: Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is rare, yet prompt diagnosis and optimal surgical management is crucial in reducing the deleterious effects. Surgical repair of ruptured sinus of Valsalva carries an acceptable low operative risk and can be performed with laudable long-term outcome, with low incidence of recurrence.
SELF-STARTING OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS WITH COMPENSATION INERTION OF THE EXCITATION CONTOUR
Authors: Nizimov V. , Tonkonog I. , Cherstvyakov M.
Published: June 2022

The actual scientific problem is solved in the work, which consists in the development, theoretical and experimental researches of devices for self - starting of synchronous motors with compensation of inertia of excitation circuit. The aim of the work is to increase the reliability of the self-starting mode of synchronous motors of responsible mechanisms to maintain the continuity of complex technological processes. In the event of natural disasters and natural disasters, power outages can cause long-term disruptions of technological processes, large material losses, and in some cases fires and explosions, which can lead to human casualties and significant economic damage.

            Under these conditions, the mode of restarting synchronous motors must be used to power the responsible electric drives of mechanisms, such as mine fans, water pumping stations.

            To limit the dynamic loads, it is necessary to have the smallest possible value of e.r.s. stator SD in order to limit the switching current, which can be achieved by using various methods and means of extinguishing the field, increasing the time of introduction of automatic re-inclusion or automatic inclusion of the reserve. The calculated dependences of the self-starting modes of SD when extinguishing the magnetic field due to the inclusion of capacitive energy storage devices are obtained. The developed device for self-starting of SD with a capacity of 1000 kW of the drive unit of the pump unit with ENE was implemented at the pumping station of the Dnieper Metallurgical Plant. The efficiency of the developed device does not depend on the presence of voltage that supplies the excitation system in the self-starting mode. The use of ENE in the excitation circuit provides compensation for the inertia of the OZ and increase the input coin and intensive quenching of the magnetic field. The developed devices provide reliable self-starting of synchronous electric drives of mechanisms with continuous technological processes regardless of the presence of voltage in the power supply system of the exciter.
MANAGE THE EXCITATION CONTOUR OF AN AUTONOMOUS SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WITH SHORT CIRCUITS IN THE STATOR
Authors: Nisimov V. , Filin I.
Published: June 2022

The actual scientific problem is solved in the work, which consists in development, theoretical and experimental researches of devices which provide reduction of negative consequences at short circuits in a stator of synchronous machines.The most difficult mode of operation of synchronous machines is internal short circuits in the stator, which leads to the destruction of the windings, and in some cases — the burning of steel. Moreover the current of the excitation winding induces emf, which feeds the point k.z. To reduce the effects of k.z. it is necessary to reduce the excitation current that determines the magnetic field.Despite the relative short-livedness, k.z. lead to power failure, but also adversely affects the operation of adjacent, especially loaded electrical receivers and, in addition, can cause failure of the excitation system SG.Therefore, the urgent technical task is to develop devices that ensure the reliability of the elimination of short-circuits in the stator of the synchronous generator.Comparative analysis of the obtained expressions shows that the inclusion of electrical capacity contributes to a more intense change in the current of the OZ.It is proved that a significant amount of time and the presence of soothing circuits SG do not allow to intensively dampen the magnetic field.The experiments confirmed the feasibility of using the developed device in the modes of damping the magnetic field of the synchronous generator and identified the advantages over existing devices.
An integrative literature review of menstruation patterns in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Usipuik Megan , Sanders Caroline , Amyot Emma , Banner-Lukaris Davina , Jones Tiffany
Published: June 2022

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompasses a range of inherited autosomal recessive enzyme conditions that impact steroid hormone production. This lifelong condition has associated health risks for some individuals, including adrenal crisis, and menstruation and fertility issues. Health literacy materials focused on the physical and pharmacological aspects of managing menstruation (i.e., treatment to initiate or maintain menses for those with CAH) are scarce. This article addresses this gap by exploring menses patterns in people with CAH. An integrative literature review searched articles published between 2005 and 2020, and 30 articles met inclusion criteria. Study findings indicated that while menarche seems to occur at an average age for people with CAH, menstruation is commonly disrupted and irregular. Several studies reported individuals achieving regular menses and pregnancy, while others noted individuals consistently showing poor control, irregular menses, and infertility despite ongoing treatment. A few studies reported such individuals as “non-adherent” or worse “non-compliant” with their medication regimens when health outcomes were lower than expected. We emphasize that such fault finding by health service providers around adherence acts as a barrier to communication with people with CAH. We argue that a sustained and coordinated person-centred approach focusing on communication and education across situational, developmental, and organizational transitions, can promote health literacy, foregrounding individuals’ health and bodily autonomy across their life span. Future research needs to address gaps in knowledge translation that supports menstrual education for individuals with CAH. Studies should also address how medication management is assessed and adherence negotiated with individuals with CAH.
Sürekli ve Düzenli Sınıf Öğretmeni Değişikliğinin Kaynaştırma Öğrencisi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Belirlenmesi
Authors: Özgür Halil , Nuri Cahit
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde kaynaştırma eğitimi yapılan okullarda, sürekli ve düzenli sınıf öğretmenliği değişikliğinin kaynaştırma öğrencisi üzerindeki etkisinin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine göre belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik modelin kullanıldığı çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılarak katılımcıların görüşleri betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. KKTC’de görev yapan 28 sınıf öğretmeninin katılımıyla COVID-19 önlemleri alınarak ev, kafe ve okul ortamlarında görüşmeler yüzyüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgularda, sınıf öğretmenleri sürekli ve düzenli sınıf öğretmeni değişikliğinin kaynaştırma öğrencisi üzerinde olumsuz etki yarattığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğretmeni ile öğrenci arasında yakalanan uyum ve yapılan eğitsel düzenlemelerin devam edebilmesi için bir yıldan daha fazla süreye ihtiyaç duydukları ve yapılan değişiklikten sonra özel gereksinimli öğrencilerinin akademik gelişimleri için kaygı duydukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenleri kaynaştırma eğitiminin mutlaka yapılması görüşünde olduğu ancak kaynaştırma eğitimi alan öğrencilerinin sınıf tekrarının gerekliliği konusunda kararsız oldukları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenler öğretim uyarlamaları yaparken ders saatlerinin özel gereksinimli öğrenci için yeterli olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca öğretmenler öğrenciye uygulanacak yöntem ve öğrencinin gereksinimleri hakkında daha fazla bilgiye ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar.
INTEGRASI METODE IPA DAN KANO MODEL DALAM MENGANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN TOKO ROTI DI UNIT SUNTER
Authors: Rembulan Glisina Dwinoor , Septorino Giovandri , Nurprihatin Filscha
Published: June 2022

Perusahan XYZ yang bergerak di bidang makanan khususnya roti, ingin terus mempertahankan kualitas produk dan pelayanan yang baik untuk memenuhi kepuasan konsumen dengan memberikan perbaikan berkelanjutan. Dalam upaya perbaikan berkelanjutan, perusahaan harus mengetahui faktor yang menjadi perhatian utama bagi para konsumen dengan melakukan observasi terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Kano Model, kemudian kedua metode tersebut diintegrasikan untuk mengetahui urutan perbaikan setiap atribut yang harus diprioritaskan oleh perusahaan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 atribut yang perlu diperbaiki berdasarkan metode IPA karena berada pada kuadran pertama, 11 atribut berada dalam kategori one-dimensional dan 6 atribut berada dalam kategori must-be berdasarkan metode Kano Model, dan 8 atribut yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan berdasarkan dengan integrasi metode IPA dan Kano Model.Kata Kunci:  IPA, Kano Model, integrasi IPA dan Kano Model
ANALISIS UMKM SARI RASA DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN PENUGASAN PRODUKSI ROTI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUNGARIAN
Authors: Asrobiah Tis , Wulandari Mellani Dwi
Published: June 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) merupakan suatu kegiatan usaha yang dimiliki oleh perseorangan maupun kelompok yang memenuhi kriteria usaha. Salah satunya adalah usaha dalam bidang makanan yang banyak sekali penggemarnya dikalangan masyarakat. UMKM Sari Rasa merupakan suatu UMKM yang berproduksi berbagai macam jenis roti yang berada di desa Cilamaya, Karawang, terdapat 6 jenis roti yang diproduksi oleh UMKM ini yaitu donat, pizza mini, roti isi, risoles, pudding roti, dan kue sus. Dalam hal ini, permasalahan yang dialami pada UMKM ini adalah kurang mengoptimalkan pembagian penugasan kerja produksi roti kepada pekerja.  Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memudahkan pemilik UMKM dalam membagi penugasan kerja dalam memproduksi roti. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Hungarian. Dalam penelitian ini data yang telah diperoleh akan dihitung kembali dengan menggunakan software QM for windows untuk mengetahui apakah hasil perhitungan manual sama dengan hasil perhitungan software QM for windows. Kesimpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah nilai optimal bernilai 385 untuk keuntungan produksi yang dibuat oleh 6 orang karyawan dengan 6 jenis produk roti.Kata Kunci:  UMKM, Penugasan, Metode Hungarian.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS LAYANAN DISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PDSQ PADA UD. ZAHRA BAROKAH
Authors: Romdloni Ahmad Rahmad , Widyaningrum Dzakiyah
Published: June 2022

UD. Zahra Barokah merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak pada pengolahan kerupuk ikan. Terdapat keluhan dari konsumen kepada perusahaan yaitu kecepatan waktu pengiriman produk, kurangnya kualitas produk, dan kurangnya informasi yang dijual. Penelitian ini berencana untuk memutuskan seberapa puas konsumen dengan administrasi perusahaan dan untuk mencari kebutuhan mana yang dianggap penting untuk peningkatan kinerja perusahaan. Physical Distribution Service Quality (PDSQ) sebagai instrumen pada penelitian ini. melalui penyebaran angket kepada 55 responden. Pengolahan data penelitian ini meliputi Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Analisis GAP, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Semua atribut pernyataan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Pada atribut kualitas produk menempati peringkat pertama kesenjangan sebesar (-1.76) dan dimensi Timeliness (-1.22). Pada perhitungan CSI dihasilkan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 59% artinya masuk kategori cukup puas. Selanjutnya dalam analisis IPA diketahui ada 3 atribut prioritas yang perlu ditingkatkan perusahaan yaitu atribut kecepatan waktu pelayanan pemesanan, kecepatan waktu pengiriman produk, dan kualitas produk.Kata Kunci:  Kepuasan Pelanggan, PDSQ, CSI, IPA.
Evaluation of the eff ect of the transgenic component of the graft-twin combination on resistance to the Plum pox virus
Authors: Sidorova T. N. , Miroshnichenko D. N. , Kirov I. V. , Pushin A. S. , Dolgov S. V.
Published: June 2022

In stone fruit trees, resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) can be achieved through the specific degradation of viral RNA by the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi). Transgenic virus-resistant plants, however, raise serious biosafety concerns due to the insertion and expression of hairpin constructs that usually contain various selective foreign genes. Since a mature stone tree represents a combination of scion and rootstock, grafting commercial varieties onto transgenic virus-tolerant rootstocks is a possible approach to mitigate biosafety problems. The present study was aimed at answering the following question: To what extent are molecular RNAi silencing signals transmitted across graft junctions in transgrafted plum trees and how much does it affect PPV resistance in genetically modified (GM)/non-transgenic (NT) counterparts? Two combinations, NT:GM and GM:NT (scion:rootstock), were studied, with an emphasis on the first transgrafting scenario. Viral inoculation was carried out on either the scion or the rootstock. The interspecific rootstock `Elita` [(Prunus pumila L..P. salicina Lindl.)x(P. cerasifera Ehrh.)] was combined with cv. Startovaya (Prunus domestica L.) as a scion. Transgenic plum lines of both cultivars were transformed with a PPV-coat protein (CP)-derived intron-separate hairpin-RNA construct and displayed substantial viral resistance. High-throughput sequence data of small RNA (sRNA) pools indicated that the accumulation of construct-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in transgenic plum rootstock reached over 2 %. The elevated siRNA level enabled the resistance to PPV and blocked the movement of the virus through the GM tissues into the NT partner when the transgenic tissues were inoculated. At the same time, the mobile siRNA signal was not moved from the GM rootstock to the target NT tissue to a level sufficient to trigger silencing of PPV transcripts and provide reliable viral resistance. Th e lack of mobility of transgenederived siRNA molecules was accompanied by the transfer of various endogenous rootstock-specific siRNAs into the NT scion, indicating the exceptional transitivity failure of the studied RNAi signal. The results presented here indicate that transgrafting in woody fruit trees remains an unpredictable practice and needs further in-depth examination to deliver molecular silencing signals.
Infl uence of interference silencing of the gene of translation initiation factors eIF(iso)G and eIF(iso)E on the resistance of the clone stone fruits rootstock 146-2 and commercial plum variety Startovaya to the Plum pox virus
Authors: Mourenets L. Yu. , Sidorova T. N. , Timerbaev V. R. , Pushin A. S. , Dolgov S. V.
Published: June 2022

The method of RNA interference gene expression silencing was used to obtain Plum pox virus (PPV) resistant rootstock and commercial variety Startovaya.For this purpose, a vector with self-complementary sequences of the 578 bp eIF(iso)4G and eIF(iso)E genes fragment was created. The eIF(iso)4G and eIF(iso)E genes encodes factors of initiation of translation involved in the life cycle of a Plum pox virus. A strong promoter of the ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) gene was chosen to drive the expression of RNA interference hairpin in full and truncated variants. Successful genetic transformation of the 146-2 rootstock and variety Startovaya were carried out by A. tumefaciens CBE21 strain. Whole leaves from in vitro cultured shoots were used as an explant source. The nptII and hpt genes coding for neomycin II and hygromycin phosphotransferase were used as a plant-selectable markers. In our experiments, 5 independent transgenic lines of clonal rootstock and variety were obtained and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Th eir status was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. The transformation efficiency was 0.3-0.4 %. One of these lines was grafted with PPV-infected plum buds and its resistance was verified by ELISA. The use of a full-length gene promoter of the small subunit of ribulosobiephosphate carboxylase (RBCS) in the transformation of plants of the Starter variety led to a decrease in plant viability in the case of suppression of the eIF(iso)4E gene and ensured stability at least in the first year after inoculation in the case of suppression of the eIF(iso)4G gene.
Generation of transgenic rootstock plum ((Prunus pumila L.×P. salicina Lindl.)×(P. cerasifera Ehrh.)) using hairpin-RNA construct for resistance to the Plum pox virus
Authors: Sidorova T. N. , Pushin A. S. , Miroshnichenko D. N. , Dolgov S. V.
Published: June 2022

The use of Prunus rootstocks that are resistant to plum pox virus (PPV) is an important agronomic strategy to combat the spread of the Sharka disease in nurseries and orchards. Despite remarkable progress in developing stone fruit rootstocks to adapt to various stresses, breeding that ensures durable virus resistance has not yet been achieved. For this reason, the engineering of PPV resistant plants through genetic transformation is a very promising approach to control sharka disease. The aim of the present study is to produce transgenic plants of the clonal rootstock `Elita`, which is resistant to PPV using ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technology. The genetic construct containing the self-complementary fragments of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene sequence were used to induce the mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing to ensure virus resistance. Transgenic plants have been produced after agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro explanted leaves. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting analyses confirmed the stable genomic integration of the PPV-CP sense and antisense intronhairpin-RNA sequence. Th e functionality of the introduced expression cassette was confirmed by the activity of including the uidA gene into the transferring T-DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first interspecific plum rootstock produced by genetic engineering to achieve PPV resistance.
Evaluation of the Mathematical Skill among eight Standard Students: A case study of the pupils of the Town of Mbandaka, DR Congo
Authors: INGELE G. EKONGO , NGOY J. BONKONO , MUAMBA  A DINDABATU , IZOKOBANA MUNGUZA , BOLOMBO JR LIKOBA , NGBENGE NDETA , FALANGA J. MATONDO
Published: June 2022

Being teachers of mathematical and physical sciences in some secondary schools of the Town of Mbandaka, we always noted the difficulties which certain pupils have to solve or calculate some problems utilizing the decimal numbers. This study aims at detecting the kinds of difficulties which these pupils of 8th year of basic Education in the Town of Mbandaka have, level of study by which the concepts in connection with the decimal numbers are exploited much. The investigations carried out within the framework of this research, lead us to conclude that the majority of our pupils of 8th year of the basic Education of the town of Mbandaka in Democratic Republic of Congo have difficulties certainly to restore the definition of a decimal number and being able to handle it in the various situations utilizing it. What can undoubtedly have negative consequences in their courses.
Quality Assessment of high energy biscuits Served in School Feeding Programme in Poverty-Prone Areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Chakraborty Nitai
Published: June 2022

This work purposes to examine the quality of industrially treated fortified high energy biscuits in Bangladesh as served in schools in poverty-prone areas in Bangladesh. Datasets were collected from the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka. These are collected with the method of Single Stage Cluster Sampling. The sample referred to as Fortified High Energy Biscuit was subjected to laboratory test of the level of some qualitative parameters such as moisture, protein, fat, sugar, carbohydrate, vitamin A, Iron, etc. This data complies with the World Food Programme (WFP) standard in the framework of predictive and classification tools. In this research, we considered a 306 dataset from a previously physiochemical analysis of high energy biscuits in IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka. Several regression techniques were considered multivariate linear regression, and binary logistic regression. The logistic regression gives stronger results in terms of the interpretation, outperforming the linear regression as well as other models. Such models are useful for biscuits quality evaluation and improving biscuits production. Furthermore, similar techniques can help in the quality testing of different food products.
Influence of Product changes and performance of commercial banks in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Gababo Boru Golicha
Published: June 2022

The business environment within which the commercial banks operate has been very volatile. Further, social reforms, political anxieties, technological advancements, competition from new entrants and effects of globalization are some of the challenges that have caused this volatility, and have greatly affected the performance in this sector. The general objective of this study was to investigate the influence of product changes and performance of commercial banks in Nairobi County in Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted in this study. All management persons or their equivalents in all branches of commercial banks in Nairobi County were the target respondent. All of the commercial banks have a total of 126 managerial personnel. Closed-ended questions were used to acquire primary data. The study instrument was pre-tested to guarantee its validity and reliability. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The study discovered that product modifications have an impact on commercial bank performance.
Study on the Doping Effect Cr-doped Fe Metal Powder and Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spur Gear Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Saragih Albert Daniel , Ninien H Sckolastika
Published: June 2022

We fabricated mechanical parts of the automotive machines by using Cr-doped the Fe metal powder. We used water as a binder and used a mechanical press for compaction of about 20 ton/in2 followed by non-reactive sintering at 1100 oC. Cr doped Fe metal powder was prepared in the form of GC with percentage values of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. The Cr element has been successfully distributed into the main ferrite or Fe phase. However, there is a difference when the Cr percentage is 2%, it is possible that saturation will occur which results in the accumulation of Cr powder so that a new phase is formed which gives rise to new granules. We can confirm that there is a certain limit in the addition of the element Cr in the manufacture of gears made from Fe powder. Based on the calculation, the average number of the Vickers microhardness as a function of Cr content of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% respectively were estimated at about 131, 184, 291, 302, and 270 HV/0.01, respectively. Furthermore, four samples with different sintering temperatures were prepared for comparative purposes. The shrinkage ratio of the GC after sintering at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 oC was estimated to be 4.3, 5.7, 7.6, and 9.4%, respectively. The shrinkage ratio of the GC increased linearly when the sintering temperature increased. Sintering temperature variations produce differences in the microstructure of each sample. With the increase of the sintering temperatures, the grains will reach a permanent bond because the constituent particles are fully agglomerate. As a result, grain boundaries between particles will decrease causing the dimensions of the product to shrink so that its density increases. Theoretically, the density value is inversely proportional to porosity. The higher the density value of a product, the lower the porosity value. Increasing the sintering temperature could lead to the appearance of a liquid and the healing of pores. The hardness value and the shrinkage ratio increased with the sintering temperature increased from 900 to 1200 oC. The hardness value increased from 297 to 305 HV/0.01, as the sintering temperature increased from 900 to 1200 oC.
Use of fluorescein sodium–assisted intraoperative sample validation to maximize the diagnostic yield of stereotactic brain biopsy: progress toward a new standard of care?
Authors: Bianco Andrea , Del Maestro Mattia , Fanti Andrea , Airoldi Chiara , Fleetwood Thomas , Crobeddu Emanuela , Cossandi Christian
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

In patients with contraindication to open resection, histological diagnosis is obtained through a stereotactic biopsy (SB). Missed diagnoses and sampling errors are important limitations of SB; therefore, various ways have been proposed to increase the diagnostic yield (DY). Intraoperative histopathology can obtain a DY exceeding 98% but with several drawbacks, namely prolonged operative times and logistic concerns. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative validation of samples with fluorescein sodium can obtain a high DY with the same ease of use as standard SB.

METHODS

One hundred three consecutive cases of frameless neuronavigated SB performed at the authors’ center from May 2013 to June 2021 were included. Two groups were compared: 46 patients underwent standard nonassisted SB (nSB), and 57 patients underwent fluorescein sodium–assisted SB (fSB). Data were collected retrospectively before 2017 and prospectively thereafter. DY, operative time, and rate of complications were compared between the two groups. The surgical technique for fSB was standardized, and a novel classification system for intraoperative fluorescence findings was developed.

RESULTS

Statistically significant differences between the two groups were identified. The DY of the fSB group (100%, 95% CI 93.73%–100%) was significantly greater than that of the nSB group (89.13%, 95% CI 80.14%–98.13%) (p = 0.0157). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of mean operative time (p = 0.7104), intraoperative complications (p = 0.999), or postoperative complications (p = 0.5083).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with standard nSB, fSB showed a significantly higher DY and similar surgical time and rate of complications. The ease of use, wide diagnostic spectrum, and low cost make fluorescein sodium preferable to other fluorophores. The present study strengthens the limited data in the literature indicating routine use of fSB. The proposed workflow suggests that fSB should be the standard of care for contrast-enhanced cases. Intraoperative histopathology should be limited to nonenhancing cases, and nSB should be avoided. Future prospective multicenter studies will be useful for further validation of our findings.
Dr. Ruth Jackson: the legacy of the first female spine surgeon
Authors: Srinivasan Ethan S. , Erickson Melissa M. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Than Khoi D.
Published: June 2022

Dr. Ruth Jackson, born in 1902, was the first female spine surgeon on record. Her story of remarkable resilience and sacrifice is even more relevant given the stark gender disparities in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery that remain today. Dr. Jackson entered the field during the Great Depression and overcame significant barriers at each step along the process. In 1937, she became the first woman to pass the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery examination and join the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons as a full member. Her work in the cervical spine led to a notable lecture record and the publication of several articles, as well as a book, The Cervical Syndrome, in which she discussed the anatomy, etiology, and treatment of cervical pathologies. Additionally, Dr. Jackson developed the Jackson CerviPillo, a neck support that is still in use today. She left a legacy that continues to resonate through the work of the Ruth Jackson Orthopedic Society, which supports women at all levels of practice and training. From the story of Dr. Jackson’s life, we can appreciate her single-minded determination that blazed a path for women in spine surgery, as well as consider the progress that remains to be made.
Development of an ultrafast brain MR neuronavigation protocol for ventricular shunt placement
Authors: Vanstrum Erik B. , Borzage Matthew T. , Ha Joseph , Chu Jason , Upreti Meenakshi , Moats Rex A. , Lai Lillian M. , Chiarelli Peter A.
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

Advancements in MRI technology have provided improved ways to acquire imaging data and to more seamlessly incorporate MRI into modern pediatric surgical practice. One such situation is image-guided navigation for pediatric neurosurgical procedures, including intracranial catheter placement. Image-guided surgery (IGS) requires acquisition of CT or MR images, but the former carries the risk of ionizing radiation and the latter is associated with long scan times and often requires pediatric patients to be sedated. The objective of this project was to circumvent the use of CT and standard-sequence MRI in ventricular neuronavigation by investigating the use of fast MR sequences on the basis of 3 criteria: scan duration comparable to that of CT acquisition, visualization of ventricular morphology, and image registration with surface renderings comparable to standard of care. The aim of this work was to report image development, implementation, and results of registration accuracy testing in healthy subjects.

METHODS

The authors formulated 11 candidate MR sequences on the basis of the standard IGS protocol, and various scan parameters were modified, such as k-space readout direction, partial k-space acquisition, sparse sampling of k-space (i.e., compressed sensing), in-plane spatial resolution, and slice thickness. To evaluate registration accuracy, the authors calculated target registration error (TRE). A candidate sequence was selected for further evaluation in 10 healthy subjects.

RESULTS

The authors identified a candidate imaging protocol, termed presurgical imaging with compressed sensing for time optimization (PICO). Acquisition of the PICO protocol takes 25 seconds. The authors demonstrated noninferior TRE for PICO (3.00 ± 0.19 mm) in comparison with the default MRI neuronavigation protocol (3.35 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.20).

CONCLUSIONS

The developed and tested sequence of this work allowed accurate intraoperative image registration and provided sufficient parenchymal contrast for visualization of ventricular anatomy. Further investigations will evaluate use of the PICO protocol as a substitute for CT and conventional MRI protocols in ventricular neuronavigation.
MODULAR-BLOCK STRUCTURING OF LEARNING MATERIAL IN TRAINING A PROFESSIONAL TEACHER
Authors: Kondrashova L.V.
Published: June 2022

In the possibilities of module-sectional structuring of educational information in the professional becoming of students developing of creative potential of their personality are grounded.
FORMATION OF TEACHERS' VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Shtelmakh H.B. , Shtelmakh O.V.
Published: June 2022

The notions of "value orientations" essence is revealed, professional value orientations particularities of the teacher are characterized, content, structure and mechanism of it's formation is explored in the article. It has been selenpically motivated pedagogical conditions for the professional value orientation of the wachers which favoured de vastly increasing the formation value orientation level among teacher.
DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF A FUTURE TEACHER
Authors: Nevmerzhytska O.V.
Published: June 2022

Стаття присвячена питанням формування особистості, здатної творчо мислити та приймати нестандартні рішення. Обгрунтовано педагогічні умови, що сприяють розвитку креативності майбутнього вчителя.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
Authors: Buryak V.K.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the problem concerning the ways of improvement pedagogical education effectiveness.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SUCCESSFUL FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF THE FUTURE TEACHER
Authors: Kadchenko L. P. , Vedrenkova Z. I.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the pedagogical conditions using linguistic countrystudying material; including students into independent cognitive activity concerned with applying this material; working out purposeful system of cognitive tasks which favour the development of communicative skills etc. Creation and keeping to such conditions have an effective influence on forming future teacher's professional skills.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING A FUTURE TEACHER FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Manjos E.O.
Published: June 2022

The article devotes to the problem of forming communicative competenc in the pedagogical practice of the future teacher.
CRITERIA FOR MANIFESTATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR EXTRACURRICULAR WORK WITH PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Stasenko O.A.
Published: June 2022

This article represents the criteria of an estimation of future teachers of physical culture readiness to extracurricular work with the pupils of basic school and exposes the concept of readiness to the indicated activity.
ANALYSIS OF THE TIME FRAMEWORK OF THE PERIOD OF AGE CRISES OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zhikhareva L.V.
Published: June 2022

The theoretical analysis periodization different authors (S.B. Branu, L.F. Obukhova, E. Ericson is spent, A.O. Malkin-Pih, K.N. Polivanova, V.L. Slobodchikov ... ). In representation about age crises of development partitioning the period of development on separate stages is initial. And the basic problematic is vagueness of the borders , separating has begun also the end of crisis from adjacent age. As a result of it there was a set of various classifications, and uniform classification and has not been created.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHILOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES AS A COMPLEX INTEGRATIVE FORMATION
Authors: Pakhomova O.V.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the stru of professional competence of the future teachers of the philological subjects, the variant and invariant constituent of the professional competence as a complex integrative unit.