bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potentials of technology complementarity to address energy poverty in refugee hosting landscapes in Uganda
Authors: Kay Sonja , Duguma Lalisa A. , Okia Clement A.
Published: January 2021

The continued influx of refugees into Uganda confronts people and hosting landscapes with severe challenges. Vast volumes of biomass resources are required for energy and building materials. Consequently, woodlands have come under pressure as the key source within refugee-receiving regions. This raises the question of how to simultaneously achieve a higher standard of living and energy autonomy for the population while reducing primary resource demand and safeguarding nature. We propose that nature-based and/or technological adaptions can ameliorate this dramatic and deteriorating situation. We thus evaluated the impact of: (i) building autonomy by growing biomass resources on scale via approaches such as agroforestry and ii) enhancing energy efficiency through use of improved cook stoves (ICS) and switching toward renewable energy sources. Focusing on four Ugandan districts, we analyzed the energy and land demand of households and districts in three scenarios. Our results show all districts running into shortages of biomass resources and cultivable land and two districts already reaching their limits. An efficient use of woodfuel combined with solar energy could reduce primary energy demand by up to 37%. The remaining wood demand could be realized by agroforestry systems thereby ensuring household energy autonomy and access to reliable energy sources. We recommend combining energy efficiency measures and technology to reduce firewood demand with agroforestry solutions to satisfy the remaining necessities. Both are needed to reduce the essistential pressure on woodlands and increase the energy autonomy of refugee-hosting landscapes while respecting stakeholder needs.
A comprehensive study on key management, authentication and trust management techniques in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gautam Amit Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are the new speed-accelerating technologies worldwide and are used continuously in a range of critical applications. Any damage or compromise to data security could have physical and direct effects on network efficiency and safety. One of the active areas of research is key management, authentication, and trust management in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Since researchers have provided many protection schemes, it is difficult to select which key management or trust management schemes in a specific WSN application suit best. We did a detailed survey in our paper on how the properties of various trust management, authentication, and key management schemes can be used for specific applications. Based on this review, we present the methodologies, advantages, and limitations of the previously proposed key management, authentication, and trust management scheme in WSN. The goal of this thorough analysis is to compare and find the correct security solution that successfully meets the requirements of the application. Moreover, the strength, weaknesses, and open problems are added that can extend more frontiers to get the best security solutions in the future.s
Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous BaTiO3 framework-reinforced polymer composites with improved dielectric properties
Authors: Hu Jin , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: January 2021

Polymer composites with high dielectric constants are highly desired in advanced electronic devices and the modern electrical industry. The dielectric constant of three-dimensional filler-reinforced polymer composites is usually enhanced at the expense of flexibility. Herein, barium titanate inverse opals (BT_IOs) that have three-dimensionally ordered and interconnected macropores are prepared and introduced into a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to tailor their dielectric properties. The composite films with 30 wt% BT_IOs exhibit a dielectric constant of 18.8 at 1 kHz, showing an enhancement of 154% and 35% compared with that of pristine PVDF and their corresponding composites reinforced with barium titanate nanoparticles, respectively. Meanwhile, the dielectric loss is suppressed at 0.088. The BT_IOs/PVDF composite films also maintain good flexibility and can be freely bent. This design of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous filler-reinforced polymer composites with improved dielectric constants and good flexibility presents promising applications of dielectric materials in flexible electronics.
Telemedicine for Patient Management on Expeditions in Remote and Austere Environments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ting Louise , Wilkes Matt
Published: January 2021

Telemedicine potentially offers enormous value to expeditions to remote environments. For healthcare professionals, telemedicine can provide access to specialist advice. Where no healthcare professionals are present, telemedicine may be the sole source of expert care.

This systematic review appraises and summarizes the current literature regarding telemedicine in patient management on expeditions to remote locations and identifies areas for future research. MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for relevant articles from 1980 through February 2018. Data were handled according to the PRISMA process and analyzed using type-specific critical appraisal checklists where possible. Two hundred twenty-five articles were identified, 33 of which were included in this systematic review. They encompassed a variety of remote environments, including maritime (13), polar (9), mountainous (5), jungle (1), and multiple austere environments (6). Although some environments were better reported than others, many overarching concepts were generalizable. Through channels of communication that included telephone, radio, videoconferencing, and email, telemedicine has been used effectively in a range of environments to initiate treatment, follow up with patients, and determine the appropriateness of evacuation. Telementoring, in which a remote expert guides a local care provider in performing a procedure or task, is a promising aspect of telemedicine that is currently being developed. As technology advances, the scope of telemedicine will continue to expand. However, each new telemedical development must be shown to do more than simply function in a remote environment. Instead, new technologies should be tested for improved patient, practitioner, or expedition outcomes, within a telemedical system.
Introduction to IoT
Authors: Misra Sudip , Mukherjee Anandarup , Roy Arijit
Published: January 2021

IoT is emerging as a popular area of research and has piqued the interest of academics and scholars across the world. This book serves as a textbook and a single point of reference for readers looking to delve further into this domain. Written by leading experts in the field, this lucid and comprehensive work provides a clear understanding of the operation and scope of the IoT. Along with the description of the basic outline and technologies associated with the subject, the book discusses the IoT case studies and hands-on exercises, enabling readers to visualise the vastly interdisciplinary nature of its applications. The book also serves curious, non-technical readers, enabling them to understand necessary concepts and terminologies associated with the IoT.
GNA13 regulates BCL2 expression and the sensitivity of GCB-DLBCL cells to BCL2 inhibitors in a palmitoylation-dependent manner
Authors: Xia Zhizhou , Zhang Xiuli , Liu Ping , Zhang Ruihong , Huang Zhangsen , Li Donghe , Xiao Xinhua , Wu Min , Ning Nannan , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Jianmin , Liu Mingzhu , Jiao Bo , Ren Ruibao
Published: January 2021

GNA13, encoding one of the G protein alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that transduce signals of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), is frequently mutated in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL) with poor prognostic outcomes. Due to the “undruggable” nature of GNA13, targeted therapy for these patients is not available. In this study, we found that palmitoylation of GNA13 not only regulates its plasma membrane localization, but also regulates GNA13’s stability. It is essential for the tumor suppressor function of GNA13 in GCB-DLBCL cells. Interestingly, GNA13 negatively regulates BCL2 expression in GCB-DLBCL cells in a palmitoylation-dependent manner. Consistently, BCL2 inhibitors were found to be effective in killing GNA13-deficient GCB-DLBCL cells in a cell-based chemical screen. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inactivating GNA13 by targeting its palmitoylation enhanced the sensitivity of GCB-DLBCL to the BCL2 inhibitor. These studies indicate that the loss-of-function mutation of GNA13 is a biomarker for BCL2 inhibitor therapy of GCB-DLBCL and that GNA13 palmitoylation is a potential target for combination therapy with BCL2 inhibitors to treat GCB-DLBCL with wild-type GNA13.
A Fenton-like reaction system with analyte-activated catfish effect as an enhanced colorimetric and photothermal dopamine bioassay
Authors: Niu Zhengrong , Rao Honghong , Xue Xin , Luo Mingyue , Liu Xiuhui , Xue Zhonghua , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: January 2021

An analyte-activated catfish effect in a Fenton-like reaction system for enhanced colorimetric and photothermal dopamine bioassay.
Enantioselective H-bond-directed vinylogous iminium ion strategy for the functionalization of vinyl-substituted heteroaryl aldehydes
Authors: Skrzyńska Anna , Frankowski Sebastian , Topolska Aleksandra , Dyguda Mateusz , Gao Xin-Yue , Xu Chang-Jiang , Chen Ying-Chun , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The first H-bond directed functionalization of of vinyl-substituted heteroaromatic aldehydes via the H-bond-directed vinylogous iminium ion based strategy has been described.
The organocatalytic enantiodivergent fluorination of β-ketodiaryl-phosphine oxides for the construction of carbon-fluorine quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Xie Shaolei , He Zhi-Juan , Zhang Ling-Hui , Huang Bo-Lun , Chen Xiao-Wei , Zhan Zong-Song , Zhang Fu-Min
Published: January 2021

We developed, for the first time, the cinchona-alkaloid-catalyzed enantiodivergent α-fluorination of β-keto diarylphosphine oxides, which resulted in two enantiomers bearing fluorine-containing quaternary stereocenters.
Ag/AgCl@MIL-88A(Fe) heterojunction ternary composites: towards the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Viswanathan Vandana P. , Divya K. S. , Dubal Deepak P. , Adarsh Nayarassery N. , Mathew Suresh
Published: January 2021

We have demonstrated the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag/AgCl@MIL-88A(Fe) composite for the degradation of organic dyes and p-nitrophenol in water.
Synthesis and characterisation of boranediyl- and diboranediyl-bridged diplatinum A-frame complexes
Authors: Brunecker Carina , Arrowsmith Merle , Müssig Jonas H. , Böhnke Julian , Stoy Andreas , Heß Merlin , Hofmann Alexander , Lenczyk Carsten , Lichtenberg Crispin , Ramler Jacqueline , Rempel Anna , Braunschweig Holger
Published: January 2021

(Di)boranediyl-bridged diplatinum A-frame complexes were synthesised by the twofold oxidative addition of dihalo(di)boranes to a bis(diphosphine)-bridged diplatinum(0) precursor and were characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Fluorescent palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) NHC/1,2,3-triazole complexes: antiproliferative activity and selectivity against cancer cells
Authors: Schlagintweit Jonas F. , Jakob Christian H. G. , Meighen-Berger Kevin , Gronauer Thomas F. , Weigert Muñoz Angela , Weiß Vanessa , Feige Matthias J. , Sieber Stephan A. , Correia João D. G. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: January 2021

Fluorescent Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes with anti-proliferative activity bearing 4-methylene-7-methoxycoumarin (MMC) and 2,6-diispropylphenyl (Dipp) substituted NHC/1,2,3-triazole hybrid ligands are described.
ZIF-67 derived hollow nanomaterials as solid phase microextraction coatings for rapid capture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Wang Fangbing , Ji Hong , Cui Xinglan , Liu Yacong , Du Xinzhen , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: January 2021

Zeolitic imidazole framework-67 derived hollow nanomaterials were prepared by etching technique and used as solid-phase microextraction coating, which provided a new, effective and low-cost method for the rapid capture of PAHs from real samples.
Foeniculum vulgare seed extract exerts anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ke Weiwei , Wang Hongbo , Zhao Xiangxuan , Lu Zaiming
Published: January 2021

Foeniculum vulgare seed extract (FVE) exerts anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma via reducing survivin protein levels and triggering mitochondrial toxicity.
Postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators to single macronutrient challenges: influence of obesity and sex hormones
Authors: Martínez-García M. Ángeles , Moncayo Samuel , Insenser María , Álvarez-Blasco Francisco , Luque-Ramírez Manuel , Escobar-Morreale Héctor F.
Published: January 2021

We analysed the influence of obesity, sex and sex steroids on the postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators and their receptors to separate glucose, lipid and protein oral challenges.
Effects of the short-term administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus on physiological characteristics, inflammation, and intestinal microecology in mice
Authors: Cui Shumao , Jiang Jie , Li Bowen , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Yang Bo , Chen Wei
Published: January 2021

The role of Pediococcus pentosaceus in the gastrointestinne has received considerable attention in recent decades.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction on graphdiyne: a DFT study
Authors: Liu Tianfu , Wang Qi , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: January 2021

Graphdiyne exhibits high activity for CO2 electroreduction reaction and the unique sp–sp2 hybridization is crucial.
An oxidant- and catalyst-free electrooxidative cross-coupling approach to 3-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted coumarins
Authors: Kong Yanyan , Kim Jung Keun , Li Yabo , Zhang Jianye , Huang Mengmeng , Wu Yangjie
Published: January 2021

Electrooxidative cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) method to construct 3-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted coumarins.
Visible-light-promoted cascade cyclization towards benzo[d]imidazo[5,1-b]thiazoles under metal- and photocatalyst-free conditions
Authors: Yan Kelu , Liu Min , Wen Jiangwei , Liu Xiao , Wang Xinyue , Chen Xinyu , Li Jing , Wang Shao , Wang Xiu , Wang Hua
Published: January 2021

A visible-light-promoted cascade cyclization towards benzo[d]imidazo[5,1-b]thiazoles under metal- and photocatalyst-free conditions has been developed.
Alkylamine screening and zinc doping of highly luminescent 2D tin-halide perovskites for LED lighting
Authors: Liu Yao , Wang Aifei , Wu Jiajing , Wang Chuying , Li Ziliang , Hu Guangcai , Sui Shiqi , She Jia-Xin , Meng Wen , Li Weiqiang , Deng Zhengtao
Published: January 2021

Highly luminescent and stable two-dimensional tin-halide perovskites for LED lighting applications were achieved through alkylamine screening and zinc doping.
Study of CA-treated ZSM-22 zeolite with enhanced catalytic performance in the hydroisomerization of long-chain n-dodecane
Authors: He Liwen , Fu Wenqian , Li Leyi , Huang Yuxian , Chen Liyu , Wu Danni , Zhang Lei , Tang Tiandi
Published: January 2021

Pt catalysts on citric acid treated ZSM-22 zeolites exhibited enhanced n-dodecane conversion (89.7%) and C12-isomer yield (68.8%) compared with the parent ZSM-22 zeolite (19.6% and 16.4%).
Insight into facet-dependent photocatalytic H2O2 production on BiOCl nanosheets
Authors: Xu Yating , Fu Hanping , Zhao Ling , Jian Lishan , Liang Qingshuang , Xiao Xiufeng
Published: January 2021

The generation of H2O2 on BiOCl(001) originates from O2 reduction, while there are two pathways on BiOCl(010).
Separation of phenylenediamine isomers by using decamethylcucurbit[5]uril
Authors: Cao Long , Guo Han-Ling , Lin Rui-Lian , Zhang Zhi-Hua , Tian Li-Fei , Liu Jing-Xin , Tao Zhu
Published: January 2021

This work investigated the binding interactions between decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (Me10Q[5]) and phenylenediamine isomers, and developed a strategy to isolate phenylenediamine isomers.
Semisynthesis and biological evaluation of a focused library of unguinol derivatives as next-generation antibiotics
Authors: Morshed Mahmud T. , Nguyen Hang T. , Vuong Daniel , Crombie Andrew , Lacey Ernest , Ogunniyi Abiodun D. , Page Stephen W. , Trott Darren J. , Piggott Andrew M.
Published: January 2021

Semisynthetic unguinol derivatives showed potent activity against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and are promising candidates for further development.
Sulfonated perylene-based conjugated microporous polymer as a high-performance adsorbent for photo-enhanced uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Yu Fengtao , Song Fangru , Wang Runze , Xu Mei , Luo Feng
Published: January 2021

A sulfonated perylene-based adsorbent is prepared for photo-enhanced uranium extraction from seawater. Owing to the photo-enhanced effect, the uranium extraction capacity of PyB-SO3H in seawater reaches 1989 mg g−1, with 90% extraction efficiency.
Unravelling moisture-induced CO2 chemisorption mechanisms in amine-modified sorbents at the molecular scale
Authors: Sardo Mariana , Afonso Rui , Juźków Joanna , Pacheco Marlene , Bordonhos Marta , Pinto Moisés L. , Gomes José R. B. , Mafra Luís
Published: January 2021

Solid-state NMR and molecular modeling provide structural insights on the influence of water upon CO2 chemisorption on primary and tertiary amine-grafted mesoporous silica sorbent materials.
Reduced energy loss enabled by thiophene-based interlayers for high performance and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Jiankai , Yu Huangzhong
Published: January 2021

High performance and stable perovskite solar cells have been fabricated by utilizing thiophene-based interlayers to reduce the energy loss at the SnO2/MAPbI3interface.
Understanding the origin of broad-band emission in CH3NH3PbBr3
Authors: Nandi Pronoy , Giri Chandan , Topwal Dinesh
Published: January 2021

Broad-band emissions related to self-trapped excitons in the sub-bandgap region (600–800 nm) in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can be controlled using suitable synthesis procedure.
State-of-art plasmonic photonic crystals based on self-assembled nanostructures
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Yadav Neha , Agrawal Vikash , Polyutov Sergey P. , Tsipotan Alexey S. , Karpov Sergei V. , Slabko Vitaliy V. , Yadav Vikram Singh , Wu Yongling , Zheng Hongyu , RamaKrishna Seeram
Published: January 2021

Controlled self-assembly of plasmonic photonic nanostructures provides a cost-effective and efficient methodology to expand plasmonic photonic nano-platforms with unique, tunable, and coupled optical characteristics.
AMDP-Leitfaden in leichter Sprache für die
psychopathologische Befunderhebung bei Menschen mit geistiger
Behinderung
Authors: Elstner Samuel , Diefenbacher Albert , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: January 2021

Die Studie überprüft Praktikabilität einer modifizierten
Version des AMDP-Interviewleitfadens (AMDP-ILF) in der Anwendung bei Menschen
mit geistiger Behinderung (MmgB). Bei 19 Patienten wurden die Symptome
für Selbst- und Selbst-/Fremdbeurteilung gemäß
des AMDP-ILF in der Original-, in der modifizierten Version und in freier
Frageform auf Verständlichkeit bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
überprüft. Mit dem Original-AMDP-ILF konnten 50% der
MmgB eine verwertbare Antwort zu den Fragen der jeweiligen Items geben, weitere
85–90% konnten zusätzlich mit der Version in leichter
Sprache erreicht werden. Die Studie zeigte deutliche Hinweise, dass der
modifizierte AMDP-ILF ein geeignetes Instrument zur psychopathologischen
Befundung bei MmgB ist.
Lernorte aneinander anpassen – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: January 2021

Physiotherapeutin Annett Emmert stellte sich in ihrer Bachelorarbeit die Frage, wie Praxisanleiter am Lernort „Schule“ und jene am Lernort „Praxis“ die strukturelle, inhaltliche und qualitative Zusammenarbeit erleben. Ihr Ziel war es, Schwachstellen und Barrieren für eine kompetenzorientierte Kooperation dieser beiden Lernorte zu identifizieren.
Gut begründet gründen – Hilfe für den Weg in die Selbstständigkeit
Authors: Laquai Sophia
Published: January 2021

Eigene Ideen verwirklichen, selbstbestimmt sein, finanziell besser dastehen: Es gibt viele Gründe, von einer eigenen Praxis zu träumen. Der Bedarf an Physiotherapiepraxen ist gegeben und steigt aufgrund des demografischen Wandels weiter an. Trotzdem ist der Schritt in die Selbstständigkeit kein leichter und muss gut geplant sein. Die Gründerplattform kann dabei unterstützen.
Drachenspannung – Hatha-Yoga trifft Spiraldynamik
Authors: Larsen Christian , van Lessen Theda , Hager-Forstenlechner Eva
Published: January 2021

Wie lässt sich Yoga mit Spiraldynamik und Bewegungstherapie verbinden? Und wie schließt man die Lücke zwischen Anatomie, Therapie und Yogapraxis? Damit und mit vielen weiteren spannenden Fragestellungen hat sich das Autorentrio Christian Larsen, Theda van Lessen und Eva Hager-Forstenlechner im Buch „Medical Yoga professional“ beschäftigt, das nun in zweiter Auflage erschienen ist.
Damit aus Fragezeichen Ausrufezeichen werden – Behandeln nach therapeutischen Leitlinien
Authors: Kemper Themenscout Claudia
Published: January 2021

Leitlinien fassen systematisch entwickeltes Wissen über die Be-handlung eines bestimmten Krankheitsbildes zusammen. Für Therapeuten sind sie nicht bindend, aber ein wesent-liches Instrument, um die Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität der Physiotherapie zu verbessern und objektiv messbar zu machen.
Effekte akzentuierter sensomotorischer Reize bei chronischen Rückenschmerzpatienten – eine kontrollierte Pilotstudie
Authors: Otten Anne , Schroeder Jan
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund In der medizinischen Trainingstherapie ist die priorisierte Behandlungsmethode bei Rückenbeschwerden häufig ein maschinell geführtes Krafttraining. Dabei lassen Studien vermuten, dass eine gestörte neuronale Steuerung und unzureichende sensorische Fähigkeiten der stabilisierenden Muskulatur Teil der Pathologie bei Rückenbeschwerden sind. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Effekte eines additiven sensomotorisch intensivierten Stabilisationstrainings evaluiert.

Material und Methoden Zehn Patienten (49±4 Jahre, BMI 27±4 kg/m²) absolvierten über acht Wochen 2-mal wöchentlich ein 60-minütiges Kraftaufbautraining an Geräten (TRENA), 11 Probanden (46±5 Jahre, BMI 26±4 kg/m²) absolvierten zusätzlich ein 30-minütiges Stabilisationstraining (IRENA). Vor und nach dem Interventionszeitraum wurden Daten zur rückenspezifischen Funktionskapazität (FFbH-R) und zur Kraftausdauer der Rückenstrecker (Biering-Sørensen-Test) erhoben.

Ergebnisse IRENA Patienten erzielten in der Funktionskapazität signifikant größere Zuwächse als die TRENA Patienten (∆+14 vs. ∆+10%; F[1;19]=6,832; p=0,017). Der Zugewinn der IRENA Gruppe im Kraft-Test war jedoch nicht signifikant größer (∆+52 vs. ∆+44%; F[1;19]=3,965; p=0,061).

Schlussfolgerungen Das additive Stabilisationstraining führte zu deutlicheren Verbesserungen funktioneller Einschränkungen als die alleinige Standardversorgung durch Gerätetraining, auch wenn sich das nicht durch entsprechend deutlichere Verbesserungen im Kraftausdauerverhalten objektivieren ließ.
Synthesis of Polycycles and Oxacycles via Tandem Metathesis of endo-Norbornene Derivatives
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Pulletikurti Sunil , Fatma Ambareen , Dhangar Gopal , Naidu Gonna Somu
Published: January 2021

Here, we have demonstrated that the presence of a carbonyl group at C7 position prevents the olefin metathesis of endo-norbornene derivatives due to complexation of the metal alkylidene. Time-dependent NMR studies showed the presence of new proton signals in the metal alkylidene region, which indicate the formation of metal complex with the carbonyl group of the substrate. These observations were further proved by ESI-MS analysis. Whereas computational studies showed that the catalyst was interacting with the C7 carbonyl group and aligned perpendicular to that of norbornene olefin. These endo-keto norbornene derivatives were reduced to hydroxyl derivatives dia­stereoselectively. Ring-rearrangement metathesis (RRM) of these hydroxyl derivatives, produced the [6/5/6], and [5/6/5] carbo-tricyclic cores of natural products in one step. Whereas the RRM of O-allyl derivatives, delivered the oxa-tricyclic compounds in a single step with excellent yields.
Synthesis of Substituted β-Styrylmalonates by Sequential Isomerization of 2-Arylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates and (2-Arylethylidene)malonates
Authors: Novikov Roman A. , Tomilov Yury V. , Borisov Denis D. , Chermashentsev Grigorii R.
Published: January 2021

A method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted β-styrylmalonates by conversion of 2-arylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates (ACDCs) in the presence of gallium trichloride into the corresponding­ 1,2-zwitterionic intermediates or (2-arylethyl­idene)malonates, followed by treatment with pyridine at room temperature leading to an isomerization of the emerging double bond. This method allows one to expand these reactions to include ACDCs with acceptor substituents at the aromatic ring.
Continued Exploration of Trifunctional Alkyl 4-Chloro-2-diazo-3-oxobutanoates: Streamlined Entry into [1,2,3]Triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazines and [1,2,3]Triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazepines
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail , Budeev Anton V. , Kantin Grigory
Published: January 2021

Further exploration of the trifunctional character of previously introduced alkyl 4-chloro-2-diazo-3-oxobutanoates in reactions with N-protected substituted o-aminophenols followed by deprotection provided a convenient entry into [1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazines, which are of high medicinal importance, as documented in the literature. The same approach applied to N-protected substituted o-(aminomethyl)phenols afforded [1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazepines, which are practically unexplored compounds from a medicinal chemistry perspective. The syntheses start with SN2-type alkylation of the phenol. Removal of the protecting group triggers imine formation followed by Wolff 1,2,3-triazole synthesis.
Enantioselective Indium-Catalyzed Transformations
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: January 2021

This review updates the field of enantioselective indium-catalyzed transformations of all types since 2012. It shows that asymmetric indium catalysis, that suits the growing demand for greener processes, offers a real opportunity to replace toxic metals in the near future.

1 Introduction

2 Allylations, Propargylations, and Allenylations of Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives

2.1 Allylations

2.2 Propargylations and Allenylations

3 Cycloadditions

3.1 Hetero-Diels–Alder Cycloadditions

3.2 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions

4 Miscellaneous Reactions

5 Domino and Tandem Reactions

6 Conclusion
Efficient Copper-Catalysed Synthesis of Carbazoles by Double N-Arylation of Primary Amines with 2,2′-Dibromobiphenyl in the Presence of Air
Authors: Hung Tran Quang , Dang Tuan Thanh , Langer Peter , Do Ha Nam , Quan Nguyen Minh , Van Phuc Ban , Van Tinh Dinh , Tien Nguyen Quyet , Nga Truong Thi Thanh , Nguyen Van Tuyen
Published: January 2021

An efficient Cu-catalyzed synthesis of carbazole derivatives is reported, which proceeds by double C–N coupling reactions of 2,2′-dibromobiphenyl and amines in the presence of air. The reaction is robust, proceeds in high yields, and tolerates a series of amines including neutral, electron-rich, electron-deficient aromatic amines and aliphatic amines.
Image of the Month: Enterocolitis Following a Pull-through for Total Colonic Hirschsprung Disease in a 2-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Apte Anisha , McKenna Elise , Levitt Marc A.
Published: January 2021

We present a case of a 2-year-old boy with total colonic Hirschsprung disease (HD) who underwent an ileostomy as a newborn, and then colectomy and pull-through at 10 months of age. Since then he has presented four times with enterocolitis. The case is presented with a focus on evaluating patients with HD who present with obstructive symptoms following corrective surgery. A key image is presented along with questions formatted as a quiz to guide readers through critically evaluating the case.
Cycling Exercise Training Enhances Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fu Tieh-Cheng , Lin Ming-Lu , Hsu Chih-Chin , Huang Shu-Chun , Lin Yu-Ting , Wang Jong-Shyan
Published: January 2021

Exercise training influences the risk of vascular thrombosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Mitochondrial functionalities in platelets involve the cellular bioenergetics and thrombogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of cycling exercise training (CET) on platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics in PAD patients. Forty randomly selected patients with PAD engaged in general rehabilitation (GR) with CET (i.e., cycling exercise at ventilation threshold for 30 minute/day, 3 days/week) (GR + CET, n = 20) or to a control group that only received GR course (n = 20) for 12 weeks. Systemic aerobic capacity and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics that included oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transport system (ETS) were measured using automatic gas analysis and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that GR + CET for 12 weeks significantly (1) elevated VO2peak and lowered VE-VCO2 slope, (2) raised resting ankle-brachial index and enhanced cardiac output response to exercise, (3) increased the distance in 6-minute walk test and raised the Short Form-36 physical/mental component scores, and (4) enhanced capacities of mitochondrial OXPHOS and ETS in platelets by activating FADH2 (complex II)-dependent pathway. Moreover, changes in VO2peak levels were positively associated with changes in platelet OXPHOS and ETS capacities. However, no significant changes in systemic aerobic capacity, platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) occurred following GR alone. Hence, we conclude that CET effectively increases the capacities of platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics by enhancing complex II activity in patients with PAD. Moreover, the exercise regimen also enhanced functional exercise capacity, consequently improving HRQoL in PAD patients.
Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stroke
Authors: D'Souza Caitlin E. , Greenway Melanie R. F. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Meschia James F.
Published: January 2021

Despite substantial advances in stroke care, vascular cognitive impairment remains a prominent source of disability. Unlike sensorimotor impairments, cognition often continues to decline after stroke. An aging population will increase the prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment, with stroke playing an important role. Ten percent of patients presenting with stroke have pre-stroke dementia; an additional 10% will develop incident dementia with a first stroke, and 30% with a recurrent stroke. While stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the presence of cognitive impairment also impacts acute stroke treatment and increases risk of poor outcome by nearly twofold. There is substantial overlap in the clinical and pathological aspects of vascular and degenerative dementias in many patients. How they relate to one another is controversial. The treatment of vascular cognitive impairment remains supportive, focusing on treating vascular risk factors. Cognitive rehabilitation after stroke is an area of active research, and existing pharmacologic treatments have limited benefit. Heightened awareness of cognitive impairment in the setting of stroke is imperative for prognostication and management, impetus for research and, ultimately, the discovery of efficacious treatments.
5.2.31 Product Subclass 31: Silylated Stannanes
Authors: Hlina J. A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter is focussed on the preparation of silylated stannanes by silicon–tin bond formation, and the applications of these compounds in organic synthesis. The synthetic methods are organized according to the reaction type used for the silicon–tin bond formation. The discussion begins with the reductive coupling of silicon and tin electrophiles, a Wurtz-type coupling reaction, which is a workhorse of heavier group 14 synthesis. This is followed by a presentation of reactions of such electrophiles with anionic tin or silicon compounds, allowing for the synthesis of more complicated catenates. Then, the formation of silylated stannanes by insertion of stannylenes or silylenes into reactive group 14–main group element bonds is described. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the wide range of applications of silylated stannanes in organic synthesis.
32.3.8.2 1-Nitrogen-Functionalized 2-(Organooxy)alkenes (Update 2021)
Authors: Grimmer J. , Krieg S.-C. , Manolikakes G.
Published: January 2021

This is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 32.3.8) covering the synthesis of 1-nitrogen-functionalized 2-(organooxy)alkenes. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2006 to 2019.
42.6.6 Cyclic Phosphines (Update 2021)
Authors: Gudat D.
Published: January 2021

This is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 42.6) describing methods for the synthesis of cyclic phosphines. Thus, the focus is on secondary and tertiary phosphines with a phosphorus atom that is part of a saturated or partially unsaturated ring. Significant developments published in the period 2008 to 2019 are reviewed.
Iqra reading verification with mel frequency cepstrum coefficient and dynamic time warping
Authors: Wibowo Adi Saputro , Darmawan I Dewa Made Bayu Atmaja
Published: January 2021

Al-Quran is a holy book of guidance from Allah SWT that was revealed through Prophet Muhammad SAW for Muslims. Muslims should learn to read Al-Quran properly and correctly. One of the methods in learning the Al-Quran is the Iqra method. Iqra method is learning in reading and writing the Al-Quran by using Iqra books delivered classically and individually. Learning methods will continue to be developed to adapt to current conditions. As technology develops today, the method of learning the Al-Quran has also developed, one of which is using sound. In this research, the writer will create a system that verifies the sound of reading the Iqra which is one of the basic methods in learning to read the Al-Quran. The system is designed using the Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) method as a voice feature extension and the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method for matching the results of the voice features. In this study, the best accuracy in the Iqra reading sound was found to be 82% with 13 MFCC coefficients.
Restricted size Ramsey number for 2K
2 versus disconnected graphs of order six
Authors: Safitri E , John P , Silaban D R
Published: January 2021

Given simple graphs F, G, and H. We say F arrows (G, H) if for any red-blue coloring of the edge of F, we find either a red-colored graph G or a blue-colored graph H. The Ramsey number r(G, H) is the smallest positive integer r such that a complete graph K

r
arrows (G, H). The size Ramsey number is the smallest positive integer

r

ˆ

such that a graph F with the size of

r

ˆ

arrows (G, H). The restricted size Ramsey number is the smallest positive integer r
∗ such that a graph F, of order r(G, H) with the size of r
∗, arrows (G, H). In this paper we give the restricted size Ramsey number of a matching of two edges and any disconnected graphs of order six with no isolates.
Properties of characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues of antiadjacency matrix of directed unicyclic helm graph
Authors: Okfradifa Rizky P. , Aminah Siti , Sugeng Kiki A.
Published: January 2021

A directed unicyclic graph is a directed graph that has only one directed cycle subgraph. A directed unicyclic helm graph

H

n

→

is obtained from a directed wheel graph

W

n

→

by adjoining a directed pendant edge at each vertex of the cycle. A directed graph can be represented into several matrix representations, one of them is the antiadjacency matrix. The antiadjacency matrix is a matrix in which the entries represent whether there is a directed edge from one vertex to another. This paper discusses the general form of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial that obtained by adding all of the determinants of antiadjacency matrix from each induced acyclic and cyclic subgraphs. The eigenvalues of the antiadjacency matrix of the directed unicyclic helm graph obtained by polynomial factorization. The result obtained denotes that the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues of the antiadjacency matrix depend on the number of vertices of the cycle subgraphs of directed unicyclic helm graph.
Survival analysis of breast cancer patients in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ivan Ariful Fathoni M. , Gunardi  , Adi-Kusumo Fajar , Hutajulu Susanna Hilda
Published: January 2021

A WHO survey conducted revealed that 8-9 percent of women in the world have breast cancer. The highest cancer incidence in Indonesia is breast cancer. The highest prevalence of cancer is in Yogyakarta (4.1 / mile). This research is vital to aim to assess the length of life of patients and prognostic factors associated with survival of breast cancer patients. Research subjects were breast cancer patients who went to dr. Sardjito hospital. Subject data were taken from patient medical records from July 2018 - July 2020. This study used a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard method), with variables used including neutrophils, lymphocytes, SGOT, albumin, chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, karnofsky index, and stadium are independent variables that will be tested on patient survival as the dependent variable. Using kaplan meier, the -ln[-ln S(t)] curve, and the global test, it is found that all variables meet the proportional hazard assumption. Cox regression analysis used there are two stages, namely bivariate and multivariate analysis. All variables by bivariate analyzed were performed to multivariate analysis. The most significant factors based on multivariate analysis are chemotherapy regimen, hormonal therapy, and stages. This result is expected to provide medical advice regarding the proper treatment of breast cancer patients.
The application of vector autoregressive integrated with exogenous variable to model the relationship between covid-19 positive numbers with population growth rate
Authors: Akbar M F , Octaviany E , Toharudin T , Ruchjana B N
Published: January 2021

The Vector Autoregressive Integrated with Exogenous Variable (VARIX) model can be used to examine the relationship between covid-19 positive case numbers (as endogenous variables) and population growth rate (as exogenous variables) while predicting covid-19 positive case numbers. In this paper, we apply the VARIX model to covid-19 phenomena in two regencies/cities in West Java Province, Bandung and Purwakarta. The results of the analysis show that the VARIX model is a suitable model used to describe the intended relationship. The VARIX model has a good forecasting ability characterized by a relatively small MAPE value. The exogenous variables show positive results, so it can be concluded that the positive covid-19 numbers in Bandung City and Purwakarta Regency have a positive correlation with the population growth rate in West Java Province.
PCA and projection pursuits on high dimensional data reduction
Authors: Permanasasi Y , Falah A N , Marethi I , Ruchjana B N
Published: January 2021

The flood of multimedia data has affected various fields of research, including multimedia retrieval, database management, data mining, machine learning, social media analysis, image processing and so on. Many digital multimedia data collections are made in various fields and application contexts not only in advertising or journalism, but also often used in the context of cultural heritage applications, web search, or geographical information. Digital multimedia data is created in various formats and media modalities and available worldwide every day. The higher the quantity of data, the higher the complexity, diversity, dimensions and multy modality, so that multimedia data grows exponentially. To reduce the impact of high-dimensional data, data reduction is carried out. Data reduction plays an important role in classification. Therefore the selection of data reduction techniques must be done carefully. Principal Component Transform is widely used in data reduction. This analysis attempts to eliminate correlations between bands and further determines the optimal linear combination of original data dimensions for variations in the value of data pixels. The mathematical principle of Principal Component depends on the decomposition of eigenvalues from the covariance matrix of the data matrix. When multimedia data is smaller or covered by data noise, Principal Component is no longer efficient at reducing. To overcome this, Projection Pursuit was introduced using sphering matrices and invariant translations in the transformations. In Projection Pursuits, only data that is considered interesting will be transformed. Optimization of reduced data selection is based on the maximum value of the projection index generated. The projection index used is Skewness and Kurtosis because it is considered in accordance with the data used, the CASI image of Bogor city.
Spatial panel data model on human development index at Central Java
Authors: Yulianti S , Widyanigsih Y , Nurrohmah S
Published: January 2021

Human development is one of the ways to create human resources that have the ability to drives the economy. It is become the focus of Indonesia’s government attention and listed on several programs implemented at the global and national levels. Human development is measured by one composite index known as the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is often used as a measure of government success in human development. Human development in Indonesia could vary because it depends on the policies of each region, so in a region, it could give an influence between regencies or cities. In this study, focus of attention is Central Java because HDI in this region has always increased from 2017 to 2019. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that affect HDI on regencies or cities in Central Java from 2017 to 2019. Factors used in this study based on previous research are gross regional domestic product, high school participation rates, population density, labor force participation rates, percentage of poor population, and percentage of households with proper sanitation. Based on this study the observed data contains location information, so these observations could be spatially correlated. Method that could handle the issue and also observed in three time periods (years) is spatial panel data model. The spatial panel data model in this study is divided into two, known as spatial lag panel data model and spatial error panel data model. Based on the comparison of two models, it is obtained that the best model could explain the Human Development Index at Central Java from 2017 to 2019 is spatial lag panel data model with all the explanatory variables significant.
Information diffusion model using continuous time Markov chain on social media
Authors: Firdaniza  , Ruchjana B N , Chaerani D
Published: January 2021

On social media, information spreads quickly and can affect other users. In order for information to spread to many users, it is important to know how the information diffusion model or the flow of information is and who is the influencer on social media. In this paper, the Information Diffusion Model in social media was developed using the Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC). The tweet-retweet activity of social media users such as on Twitter can be seen as the CTMC model, because it fulfills the nature of Markov, i.e. retweets from subsequent users depend only on the current user’s retweet and do not depend on the retweet history of previous users. Users engaged in retweet tweets are state of CTMC. By using the tweet-retweet network simulation data including 10 users and 4 topics, the influencer rankings were obtained. An influencer rating is determined not only by the number of retweets, but also by the time it takes to get those retweets.
Intensification of corn fertilizer system under irrigation conditions in the Chechen republic
Authors: Adaev N L , Amaeva A G , Khamzatova M Kh
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studying options for the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in order to improve the nutritional conditions of corn during irrigation in the Chechen Republic. The studies were conducted in 2015-2017 on corn hybrids PR38A24 and Beshtau. Against the background of N90P120K60, the effectiveness of plant nutrition with the following agrochemicals was studied: Bioplant Flora 1 l/ha; Nagro 0.5 l/ha; mixture (Crystalon 3 kg/ha + Brexil Zn 0.15 kg/ha + urea 7 kg/ha). Against the background of N90P120K60 + fertilizing plants with a mixture of agrochemicals, the effectiveness of presowing seed treatment with fertilizers Bioplant Flora 1 l/t and Nagro 1 l/t was studied. Mineral fertilizers N90P120К60 and agrochemicals used for plant nutrition and seed treatment caused changes in the concentration of trace elements in corn grain. The content of trace elements in the grain was significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The studied options for fertilizer systems significantly increased the yield of corn. The maximum grain yield of PR38A24 and Beshtau hybrids was provided by the application of N90P120К60 mineral fertilizers in combination with fertilizing plants with a mixture of fertilizers (Kristallon + Brexil Zn + Urea) and pre-sowing seed treatment with organic fertilizer Bioplant Flora (14.4 and 12.1 t/ha), as well as organic fertilizer Nagro (15.4 and 12.0 t/ha). The starch content increased with the use of certain mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P120К60 in the grain of the PR38A24 hybrid to 77.28 % (6.64 %), the Beshtau hybrid – up to 73.02 % (10.39 %). The availability of grain protein PR38A24 hybrid increased to a greater extent (up to 9.89 %) due to the use of mineral fertilizers. In the grain of the Beshtau hybrid, the maximum protein content (12.28 %) was provided by a combination of mineral fertilizers with Bioplant Flora plant nutrition.
Agrochemical rationale for catholyte application in foliar fertilizing for winter wheat plants
Authors: Aleksandrova E A , Aleksandrov B L , Shramko G A , Khadisova Zh T , Akhmadova Kh Kh , Muzakaeva Kh S , Takaeva M A , Musaeva M A
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces a new method of foliar fertilizing for winter wheat plants with electrochemically activated water – catholyte as a component of fertilizer solvent. The authors specified most effective 20 % concentration of catholyte recommended for foliar fertilizing for winter wheat plants in tillering phase in spring. It is shown that the yield of winter wheat of “Delta” variety due to multicomponent complex fertilizer (MCF) increased by 19.2 % (control 5.34 t/ha) and “Tanya” variety with FlorGumat Fertilizer of natural origin − by 8.7 % (control − 4.7 t/ha) while ensuring the food grain quality of the 4th class.