bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model predictive control for DAB under extended‐phase‐shift considering components uncertainty
Authors: Fu Yongsheng , Jing Zhengting , Ren Hai‐Peng
Published: May 2023

For the dual active bridge (DAB) DC‐DC converters, parameter uncertainty (circuit parameters, input and/or load perturbations) affect their performance, such as the dynamic performance and backflow power. Here, to deal with the uncertainties, a robust model predictive control (RMPC) for the DAB DC‐DC converter under extended‐phase‐shift (EPS) control is proposed to improve dynamic performance and reduce the backflow power of the DAB for the first time. First, a cost function consisting of backflow power and the output voltage is established. Second, considering the uncertainty of the circuit parameters, a robust term is added to the prediction model to increase the robustness. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by experiments and comparisons with existing methods. The proposed RMPC method shows superior performance in the sense of improved dynamic performance and reduced backflow power.
Power of wavelets in analyses of transit and phase curves in the presence of stellar variability and instrumental noise
Authors: Kálmán Sz. , Szabó Gy. M. , Csizmadia Sz.
Published: May 2023

Context. Correlated noise in exoplanet light curves, such as noise from stellar activity, convection noise, and instrumental noise, distorts the exoplanet transit light curves and leads to biases in the best-fit transit parameters. An optimal fitting algorithm can provide stability against the presence of correlated noises and lead to statistically consistent results, namely, the actual biases are usually within the error interval. This is not automatically satisfied by most of the algorithms in everyday use and the testing of the algorithms is necessary.

Aims. In this paper, we describe a bootstrapping-like test to handle with the general case and we apply it to the wavelet-based Transit and Light Curve Modeller (TLCM) algorithm, testing it for the stability against the correlated noise. We compare and contrast the results with regard to the FITSH algorithm, which is based on an assumption of white noise.

Methods. We simulated transit light curves with previously known parameters in the presence of a correlated noise model generated by an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) process. Then we solved the simulated observations and examined the resulting parameters and error intervals.

Results. We have found that the assumption of FITSH, namely, that only white noise is present, has led to inconsistencies in the results: the distribution of best-fit parameters is then broader than the determined error intervals by a factor of 3–6. On the other hand, the wavelet-based TLCM algorithm handles the correlated noise properly, leading to both properly determined parameter and error intervals that are perfectly consistent with the actual biases.
Recombination of Goose Parvovirus VP3 Gene and Goose Interferon Ɣ Gene from Fowlpox Virus Immune Protection and Its Mechanism
Authors: Ma Haoyuan , Xue Haowen , Fu Jingfeng , Song Yanhao , Zhu Kunru , Gao Xu
Published: May 2023

Gosling plague (GP) is caused by goose parvovirus (GPV) gosling acute, subacute, and septic infectious diseases, commonly known as gosling plague. At present, the prevention and control of GP at home and abroad mainly adopts the method of immunizing female geese with attenuated vaccine. Goslings can be immunized, but there are still the phenomenon of dispersive virus and virulence reverse. It, therefore, is urgent to develop a new safe and effective vaccine. The recombinant avian pox virus vaccines rFPV-GoIFNγ, rFPV-GPV-VP3 and rFPV-GoIFNγ-VP3 were used to monitor their antibody levels and evaluate the protective mechanism of the vaccine in this study. This study lays a foundation for further in vivo testing of recombinant avian pox virus vaccine for goose parvovirus and provides a reference for the development of recombinant avian pox virus vaccine for other avian infectious diseases.
Tradition und Innovation – Zwerge auf den Schultern von
Riesen
Authors: Gregor Bein
Published: May 2023

Sehr geehrte Kollegin,
Sehr geehrter Kollege,

bei der redaktionellen Durchsicht eines Beitrags aus diesem Heft ist uns aufgefallen,
dass die Nomenklatur für die Benennung der ABO-Blutgruppenmerkmale nicht
einheitlich verwendet wird. In Deutschland wird die Blutgruppe O mit
„null“ oder 0 bezeichnet. International werden die Blutgruppen im
ABO-System mit den Buchstaben A, B und O bezeichnet, entsprechend der Nomenklatur
der International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).
Maternales Anti-D führt zu einer verzögerten
Hämolyse bei einem Neugeborenen
Authors: Hammer Stefanie , Uzun Günalp , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfasssung

Mütterliche Antikörper, welche sich gegen fetale
erythrozytäre Antigene richten, können eine Hämolytische
Erkrankung des Fetus oder Neugeborenen (HDFN) verursachen. In schweren
Fällen ist die HDFN mit hoher perinataler Mortalität und
Langzeitdefiziten assoziiert. Maternale Antikörper werden diaplazentar
übertragen, sodass diese bereits intrauterin zur Hämolyse
führen. Vereinzelt treten verzögerte Hämolysen des
Neugeborenen auf.
Der Zusammenhang von gesundheitskritischen Arbeitsbelastungen und
somatischen Symptomen bei frühpädagogischen Fachkräften
in der Kindertagesbetreuung während der
COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Gritzka Susan , Angerer Peter , Erschens Rebecca , Diebig Mathias
Published: May 2023

Die COVID-19-Pandemie veränderte den Arbeitsalltag von Arbeitnehmenden
weltweit. Insbesondere frühpädagogische Fachkräfte in
der Kindertagesbetreuung erlebten aufgrund von Mehrbelastung am Arbeitsplatz ein
potentiell erhöhtes Erkrankungsrisiko für die individuelle
Gesundheit. Ziel dieser Querschnittsstudie war es, aktuelle Prävalenzen
von psychosozialem Arbeitsstress in Form von Gratifikationskrisen (Effort-Reward
Imbalance, ERI), Verausgabungsbereitschaft (Overcommitment) sowie somatischen
Symptomen und deren Assoziation während der COVID-19-Pandemie zu
erheben. Frühpädagogische Fachkräfte aus
Nordrhein-Westfalen (N=1009) nahmen zwischen Juni 2020 und Mai 2021 an
der Fragebogenstudie teil. Zur Beurteilung des Arbeitsstresses wurde der
Effort-Reward Imbalance Fragebogen eingesetzt (16 Items umfassende Version) und
zur Einschätzung somatischer Symptome der Gesundheitsfragebogen
für Patienten Modul „Somatische Symptomschwere“
(PHQ-15). Eine multiple logistische Regression überprüfte die
Assoziation zwischen Arbeitsstress und Ge-sundheit. Bei 72,3% der
Befragten wurde eine Gratifikationskrise festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigten
25,0% eine hoch ausgeprägte Verausgabungsbereitschaft
(Overcommitment). Die Gesamtprävalenz von somatischen Beschwerden auf
einem mittleren bis hohen Niveau lag bei 45,2%. Eine Gratifikationskrise
und eine hohe Verausgabungsbereitschaft vergrößerten das
Chancenverhältnis einer starken Symptompräsenz um den Faktor
4,12 bzw. 5,20. Diese Studie verdeutlicht die häufigen
Gratifikationskrisen, die hohe Verausgabungsbereitschaft und die
überdurchschnittlich hohe Prävalenz somatischer Beschwerden bei
frühpädagogischen Fachkräften während der
COVID-19-Pandemie. Angesichts dieser hohen Prävalenzen und deren
Zusammenhänge besteht weiterhin starker Handlungs- und Forschungsbedarf,
den arbeitsbezogenen Stress bei dieser Berufsgruppe zu reduzieren sowie die
Persistenz von sowie den Umgang mit somatischen Symptomen zu untersuchen, um
langfristig Präventionsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln.
Prediction of Preterm Birth with the Uterocervical Angle in Singleton Pregnancies Treated with a Cervical Pessary
Authors: Kyvernitakis Ioannis , von Gehren Friederike , Malan Marcel , Baschat Ahmet , Maul Holger , Osinski Maciej
Published: May 2023

Background Cervical pessaries are an established therapy option for patients at risk for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The uterocervical angle (UCA) remains a promising sPTB predictor. However, its clinical significance has yet to be described in patients treated with a pessary.

Methods This study analyzed data of patients treated with a pessary because of cervical shortening in singleton pregnancies. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to transvaginal ultrasound findings: the funneling group (n = 68) and the no-funneling group (n = 42). Moreover, we analyzed patients within these prespecified groups according to the UCA < 95° and ≥ 95°.

Results Delivery occurred significantly earlier in patients treated with a pessary and with a high UCA ≥ 95°(p = 0.006). The median gestational age at delivery in patients treated with a pessary and with no funneling and a UCA < 95° vs. ≥ 95° were 39.00 and 36.14 weeks, respectively (p = 0.005). In cases with funneling and a UCA < 95° vs. ≥ 95° the mean gestational age at delivery was 38.14 and 38.07 weeks respectively (p=1,00). There was a significant negative linear correlation between UCA and the gestational age at delivery in all patients (p = 0.04), which was even profound in the group without funneling (p = 0.0002). However, we found no significant correlation between cervical length and gestational age at delivery in all patients (p = 0.42) as well as in the group without funneling (p = 0.28).

Conclusion In spite of pessary treatment, patients with UCA ≥ 95° presented with a higher risk of sPTB compared to patients with UCA < 95°. This suggests that the UCA seems to be a better predictor of sPTB than the cervical length in patients receiving pessary treatment.
Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Portuguese Version of the Canine Orthopedic Index
Authors: Alves João C.
Published: May 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to perform the initial psychometric evaluation of the Portuguese version of the Canine Orthopaedic Index (COI).

Study Design In a prospective, randomized study, a group of 50 police working dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis was assessed. A copy of the translated Portuguese version of the COI was completed by canine handlers, native Portuguese speakers. This result was compared with that of 50 sound dogs. Construct validity was determined by comparing sound dogs and dogs with osteoarthritis scores with the Mann–Whitney test. Additionally, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olin measure of sampling adequacy, eigenvalue, and scree-plot analysis were performed. Internal consistency was tested with Cronbach's α.

Results A significant difference was observed between osteoarthritis and sound dogs in all dimensions of the COI (p < 0.01 for all), indicating construct validity. Two factors accounted for 87.8% of the total variance. Cronbach's α was 0.98, with a high interitem correlation, accounting for strong internal consistency.

Conclusion We presented criterion and construct validity of the Portuguese version of the COI. It is a step in providing clinicians with a validated and accessible tool to evaluate orthopaedic patients. Further studies are required.
State of the Evidence for Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: DeSisto Nicole G. , Okland Tyler S. , Patel Priyesh N. , Most Sam P.
Published: May 2023

Preservation rhinoplasty encompasses a number of techniques that minimize disruption of the native cartilaginous and soft tissue nasal architecture. These techniques have gained popularity resulting in an increase in publications relevant to preservation rhinoplasty. However, many studies that present patient outcomes are of low-level evidence and do not incorporate validated patient-reported outcome measures. While these studies do consistently report positive outcomes, there are few high-level comparative studies that support the theoretical benefits of preservation relative to structural rhinoplasty. As contemporary preservation rhinoplasty techniques will continue to evolve and become incorporated into clinical practice, there will be the need for parallel emphasis on robust clinical studies to delineate the value of these methods.
Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: A 10-Year Review of a Brazilian Tertiary University Hospital—the Challenge Remains
Authors: Gerios Ludmila , Rodrigues Victor H. B. , Corrente José E. , Lyra João C. , Rugolo Ligia M. S. S. , Bentlin Maria R.
Published: May 2023

Objectives This study aimed to assess the incidence of late-onset sepsis (LOS), associated risk factors, and short-term prognosis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a 10-year period.

Study Design A cohort study was conducted with 752 VLBW preterm infants—23 to 33 gestational weeks and 400 to 1,500 g birth weight—admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit from 2008 to 2017 and who survived over 72 hours. LOS was defined as clinical and laboratory signs of infection, whether or not confirmed by blood culture. VLBW infants were divided into groups and compared: no LOS versus proven LOS versus clinical LOS. Study variables included maternal, birth, and neonatal data, morbidities, procedures, etiological agents, and outcome—death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Analysis of variance with multiple Tukey's or Wald's comparison with gamma distribution, and stepwise multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for year, and gestational age, were used for statistical analysis.

Results LOS incidence was 39% (proven LOS: 29%; clinical LOS: 10%). Septic VLBW infants showed higher mortality (proven LOS: 23.2%; clinical LOS: 41.9%) compared with no LOS (8.9%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (56%), Gram-negative (26%), and fungi (8%) were the most frequent etiological agents. In comparing the groups, septic VLBW infants had lower gestational age and birth weight, presented more morbidities, and underwent more invasive procedures. The risk factors for proven and clinical LOS were days of mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition. LOS was associated with increased risk of death, BPD, and ROP.

Conclusion LOS showed high incidence and mortality, often caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Care interventions were the main risk factors associated. LOS had a major negative impact on short-term prognosis in VLBW infants. LOS reduction strategies are necessary and urgent.

Key Points
The mechanism of pyroelectricity in polar material hemimorphite
Authors: Wu Yuetong , Meng Dezhong , Hao Munan , Wang Qiangqiang , Chen Fei , Sun Tao , Chen Xu , Meng Fanshu , Li Haodong , Liu Luqian , Sun Ruijin , Zhao Changchun
Published: May 2023

It is known that a crystal structure and symmetry determine the physical properties of materials. Lattice distortion can strongly affect the symmetry of the crystal structure. Polar materials show changes in polarization with temporal fluctuations of temperature due to the asymmetry. As a polar crystal, hemimorphite shows excellent pyroelectric properties. However, to date, there are a few studies on its intrinsic physical properties, and the mechanism of its pyroelectricity remains unclear. In this paper, single-crystal x-ray diffraction measurement was carried out to obtain the atomic positions at 100–400 K. Furthermore, the electric dipole moments of [ZnO4] and [SiO4] polyhedrons along a, b, and c axes have been calculated. The calculated pyroelectric coefficient derived from the intrinsic electric dipole moment was compared with the experimental measurement. The results indicate that the pyroelectric coefficients of hemimorphite at different temperatures mainly come from the variation of the electric dipole moment of [ZnO4] and [SiO4] polyhedrons along the c axis. The electric dipole moment changes as a function of temperature from 100 to 400 K, which is induced by the random lattice distortion. It is found that pyroelectricity is strongly correlated with the random lattice distortion. The establishment of the relationship between lattice distortion and pyroelectricity helps us to regulate the specific electrical parameters of the material, which may lead to future work in energy harvesting and further properties.
Discrete orthogonality relations for the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials in discrete quantum mechanics with pure imaginary shifts
Authors: Odake Satoru
Published: May 2023

The discrete orthogonality relations for the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials in discrete quantum mechanics with pure imaginary shifts are investigated. We show that the discrete orthogonality relations hold for the case-(1) multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials of continuous Hahn, Wilson, and Askey–Wilson types, and we conjecture their normalization constants.
Rapid history matching of petroleum production from well logs and 4D seismic via Machine Learning techniques in the Norne Field, offshore Norway
Authors: Ebinesan Jones , Smith Greg , Gupta Ritu
Published: May 2023

Predicting oil and gas reservoir behaviour requires multiple property modelling using various formulae, relationships and empirical techniques, which is time-consuming and often ineffective in precisely capturing non-linear dependencies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) techniques can build time-series models for modelling dynamic reservoir properties such as water, oil and gas saturation, and pressure, thus capturing changes caused by hydrocarbon production. Here, 4D (time lapse) seismic surveys have been used to model the changes in water saturation using AI techniques such as multi-linear regression, multi-variable kriging and random forest. Statistical testing of the resulting 3D reservoir models using R-Squared, RMSE (root-mean-square error) and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) indicated the random forest technique gave the best results and stratification had a negligible effect. Increasing the training size set from 10% to 80% improved the statistics as expected though the rate of improvement falls rapidly above a training dataset size of 40%. This indicates that 3D models with good accuracy could be obtained even with limited data. Similar techniques can be run to build 3D time-series pressure models and the results can be used for improved history matching, forward estimation of production data and estimation of reserves.
Technology review of the Northern Bowen and Galilee basins
Authors: Scott Michael P. , Johnson Jr Raymond , Spilsbury-Schakel Janny , Garnett Andrew
Published: May 2023

This paper reviews and summarises the work that has been conducted and the technology used in exploring and developing the Northern Bowen and Galilee basins in Queensland. It examines the methods operators have used in drilling, completing and testing wells through the varying stages of exploration, appraisal and development in the different parts of the basins. It examines all the work conducted in the Betts Creek Beds and Aramac Coal Measures throughout the Galilee Basin; the Moranbah Coal Measures, Rangal Coal Measures and Fort Cooper Coal Measures in the Moranbah area of the Bowen Basin; the Rangal Coal Measures, Burngrove Formation and Fairhill Formation in the Blackwater area; the conventional and coal seam gas developments in the Rolleston area, including the Bandanna Formation plays near Injune; and the Baralaba Coal Measures in the Moura area. Wells have been completed both open and cased hole with techniques including vertical wells, both with and without hydraulic fracturing and cavitation, as well as a variety of horizontal well designs including surface to inseam wells with vertical intercept wells and multiple lateral sections, chevron wells and both heel and toe intercepts. Operators have also implemented multiple wells on one pad. Throughout the Northern Bowen Basin, horizontal well drilling has been a key technology in commercial development. Generally, activities within the Galilee Basin have not progressed as far as the Bowen Basin, but nevertheless, horizontal wells are also emerging as a key technology.
Upscaling CCUS in Asia Pacific – a look at upstream synergy projects and potential for multi-user hubs
Authors: Dimabuyu Antonio
Published: May 2023

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Sequestration (CCUS) has sustained its momentum as a key technology requirement for Asia Pacific countries to achieve reduced emissions and net-zero targets in the long term. Looking at the upstream E&P (Exploration & Production) industry and with gas being an integral part of the region’s energy mix, we are seeing companies assess integration of CCUS in key gas developments and take initial steps in creating multi-user storage hubs. Moving towards realising these projects however remains the main uncertainty with key legal, regulatory and fiscal incentive drivers required. International Oil Companies (IOCs), National Oil Companies (NOCs), independents and local companies are all participating, initiating partnerships and collaboration with other industries (for potential CO2 sources) towards integrated feasibility assessments and fast-track pilot projects. Focus CCUS projects between countries are also different, with a few leaning towards utilisation of CO2 through Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR). Others look to establish more storage-related projects and hub creation. How each country has moved towards providing a solid regulatory framework and incentives to enable more commercial-scale CCUS projects is also different. This presentation will aim to: Compare CCUS projects, regulatory and incentive trends in Australia with those in key producing countries in Asia Pacific. Look at emissions reduction and economic impact of CCUS in gas projects and what factors will drive further implementation and upscaling. Provide perspective on hub potential for Australia and South East Asia. Compare and identify early successes, challenges and drivers in upcoming multi-user hub projects in Europe which we could learn from.
Relativistic calculations of molecular electric dipole moments of singly charged aluminium monohalides
Authors: Bala R , Prasannaa V S , Das B P
Published: May 2023

In this work, we have studied the permanent electric dipole moments of singly charged aluminum monohalides in their electronic ground state,

X
2

Σ

, using Kramers-restricted relativistic configuration interaction method. We report our results from this method in the singles and doubles approximation with those of Dirac–Fock calculations. For our finite field computations, quadruple zeta basis sets were employed. We discuss the electron correlation trends that we find in our calculated properties and have compared our results with those from literature, wherever available.
Local strain engineering in Janus MoSSe nanoribbons induces tunable electronic structures and remarkable magnetic moments
Authors: Liu Huating , Huang Zongyu , Deng Jiao , Xue Xiongxiong , Wang Ziyu , Qi Xiang , Zhong Jianxin
Published: May 2023

Local strain, as a small degree and single direction strain method, can effectively regulate the structures and electronic properties of armchair Janus MoSSe nanoribbon, so that the system can be transformed from the original 0.467 eV indirect band gap into 0.259 eV (3-zig), 0.117 eV (3-arm), 0.080 eV (6-arm) and 0.139 eV (9-zig) direct band-gap semiconductor according to the different strain degrees and directions. Compared with traditional MoS2 and MoSe2 nanoribbons, Janus MoSSe nanoribbon shows relatively stable band structure under local strain. The structure and electronic properties of Janus MoSSe nanoribbon are anisotropic when the local strain is along different directions. Due to the broken mirror symmetry of the Janus system and the appearance of in-plane local polarization, the spin polarization effect of Janus nanoribbon under local strain is more remarkable. When the local strain degree C = 0.167 is along the zigzag direction and the local strain C ⩾ 0.056 is along the armchair direction, the Janus nanoribbon exhibits half-metallic properties and surprisingly induces a magnetic moment. For the local strain along the armchair direction, the total magnetic moment of the system can be up to 2.05 μB
when C = 0.111. A local strain method is applied to the nanoribbon system, which can effectively regulate the geometric configuration and electronic structure without external doping, and introduce magnetism, providing the possibility for expanding nanoribbons as potential nanoelectronic and spintronic materials.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of SnSe phases on Au(111)
Authors: Frezza Federico , Sánchez-Grande Ana , Ondráček Martin , Vondráček Martin , Chen Qifan , Stetsovych Oleksandr , Villalobos-Vilda Victor , Tosi Ezequiel , Palomares Francisco Javier , López María Francisca , Sánchez-Sánchez Carlos , Ernst Karl-Heinz , Martín-Gago José Angel , Honolka Jan , Jelínek Pavel
Published: May 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) layered group IV–VI semiconductors attract great interest due to their potential applications in nanoelectronics. Depending on the dimensionality, different phases of the same material can present completely different electronic and optical properties, expanding its applications. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the atomic structure and electronic properties of epitaxial SnSe structures grown on a metallic Au(111) substrate, forming almost defect-free 2D layers. We describe a coverage-dependent transition from a metallic β-SnSe to a semiconducting α-SnSe phase. The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/diffraction and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory, provides a comprehensive study of the geometric and electronic structure of both phases. Our work demonstrates the possibility to grow two distinct SnSe phases on Au(111) with high quality and on a large scale. The strong interaction with the substrate allows the stabilization of the previously experimentally unreported β-SnSe, while the ultra-thin films of orthorhombic α-SnSe are structurally and electronically equivalent to bulk SnSe.
Reconstructing dynamics of complex systems from noisy time series with hidden variables
Authors: Yan Zishuo , Gui Lili , Xu Kun , Lan Yueheng
Published: May 2023

Reconstructing the equation of motion and thus the network topology of a system from time series is a very important problem. Although many powerful methods have been developed, it remains a great challenge to deal with systems in high dimensions with partial knowledge of the states. In this paper, we propose a new framework based on a well-designed cost functional, the minimization of which transforms the determination of both the unknown parameters and the unknown state evolution into parameter learning. This method can be conveniently used to reconstruct structures and dynamics of complex networks, even in the presence of noisy disturbances or for intricate parameter dependence. As a demonstration, we successfully apply it to the reconstruction of different dynamics on complex networks such as coupled Lorenz oscillators, neuronal networks, phase oscillators and gene regulation, from only a partial measurement of the node behavior. The simplicity and efficiency of the new framework makes it a powerful alternative to recover system dynamics even in high dimensions, which expects diverse applications in real-world reconstruction.
Effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia on elastically constrained beam resting on pasternak foundation
Authors: Kanwal Gulnaz , Nawaz Rab , Ahmed Naveed , Alkinidri Mohammed
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the free vibrations of elastically constrained shear and Rayleigh beams placed on the Pasternak foundation. Of particular interest, it is aimed to analyze the influence of shear strain, rotational inertia, elastic stiffness, and shear layer on the natural frequencies and eigenmodes of beam vibrations. For this purpose, the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes are determined using analytical and numerical techniques. A finite element scheme is developed employing quadratic and cubic polynomials for slope and transverse displacement, respectively. The efficiency and accuracy of the finite element method are illustrated by comparing it with the analytical results for generalized and special cases. The underlying model analysis justifies that the natural frequencies of the beam vibration depend only on the geometry of the Rayleigh beam, while these frequencies depend on the physical and geometric properties of the shear beam. However, the natural frequencies of the Euler-Bernoulli depend solely on the geometric conditions of the beam.
Stronger reverse uncertainty relation for multiple incompatible observables
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Ji Ai-Ling , Zhang Guo-Feng
Published: May 2023

Recently, D Mondal et al (2017)[Phys. Rev. A. 95, 052117] creatively introduce a new interesting concept of reverse uncertainty relation which indicates that one cannot only prepare quantum states with joint small uncertainty, but also with joint great uncertainty for incompatible observables. However, the uncertainty upper bound they constructed cannot express the essence of this concept well, i.e., the upper bound will go to infinity in some cases even for incompatible observables. Here, we construct a new reverse uncertainty relation and successfully fix this ‘infinity’ problem. Also, it is found that the reverse uncertainty relation and the normal uncertainty relation are the same in essential, and they both can be unified by the same theoretical framework. Moreover, taking advantage of this unified framework, one can construct a reverse uncertainty relation for multiple observables with any tightness Required. Meanwhile, the application of the new uncertainty relation in purity detection is discussed.
Effect of substrate type on the physical properties of thermally evaporated CdS thin films for CdTe/CdS solar cells applications
Authors: Arashti Maryam Gholizadeh , Hasani Ebrahim , Kamalian Monir , Habashi Lida Babazadeh
Published: May 2023

Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) thin films were grown on crystal quartz as a nonconductive substrate, and Indium tin oxide (ITO) and Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films. The thin films with the thickness of 100 nm were fabricated at 150 °C under the pressure of 2 × 10−5 mbar using the thermal evaporation method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that all grown CdS films had cubic crystal structures with the preferred orientation (111) and a crystallite size between 11.72 nm and 14.84 nm. Raman spectra also revealed an increase in peak intensity and shift toward single-crystal mode in the films grown on TCOs. The homogeneous and uniform surfaces of CdS films were shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The optical parameters of the deposited CdS thin films such as absorption, transmission, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant, were improved. The energy band gap of the films was decreased from 2.45 eV for the CdS/quartz film to 2.36 eV for the CdS/FTO one. The key electrical parameters of the deposited films on TCO, such as conductivity, mobility and carrier concentration, as calculated by the Hall effect measurement system, were enhanced too. High efficient heterojunction cadmium telluride (CdTe)-based solar cells with the experimentally grown CdS films were designed by SCAPS-1D simulator. The efficiency of the designed cells with CdS/quartz, CdS/ITO, and CdS/FTO layers was obtained to be 19.40%, 21.23%; and 21.16%, respectively. The impact of the CdTe absorber layer thickness and device temperature on the photovoltaic parameters of the simulated cells was then investigated. The optimized cell was obtained for an Au/CdTe/CdS/ITO structure with the efficiency of 22.80% by employing a 3 μm thickness of the CdTe layer at a device temperature of 300 K.
One-dimensional physical model for complementary electrochromic device
Authors: Yun Hang , He Ren , Hu Zishou
Published: May 2023

Eletrochromic devices are electrochemical systems that can undergo the optical modulation in response to an applied electrical stimulus. In order to investigate the electrochromic (EC) process mechanism and predict the electrochromic behavior, this paper proposes a physical model that employs tungsten trioxide (WO3), nickel oxide (NiO) and LiClO4-propylene carbonate (PC) solution. Within electrochromic films, electrolytes can transport lithium ions and anions through porous layers of electrochromic films. At the interfaces between solution and porous layers, lithium-ion intercalation and deintercalation take place. Considering both ion diffusion and electromigration, ion transport kinetics is described by Nernst-Plank equation. The partial differential equations (PDEs) for potential consist of Poisson equations for electrolytes and Ohm’s law for WO3 and NiO films. Moreover, the ion injection behavior at the interface is governed by Frumkin-Butler-Volmer (FBV) equation and potential conditions of the stern layer. Finally, a modified Beer–Lambert law incorporating porosity is proposed to explain the mechanism of transmittance. Under constant step potential conditions, the state variables of multiphysics field can be tracked, and the dynamic process of the transmittance and electrode current can be accurately predicted. This physical model can be applied for parameter design and precise control of ECDs, based on the optimization of device characteristics.
Highly sensitive plasmonic biosensor enhanced by perovskite-graphene hybrid configuration
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Peng Hanlin , Liu Junxian , Yuan Yufeng
Published: May 2023

This study theoretically proposes a highly sensitive plasmonic biosensor comprising a silver film, perovskite nanosheets, bi-layer silicon nanosheets, and a graphene overlayer. The introduction of perovskite-graphene hybrid structure can reduce the optical reflectivity of the proposed biosensor configuration so that photons are converted into energy to support surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhancement. Unlike conventional angular modulation, our proposed biosensor configuration is designed using phase modulation, offering sensitivity enhancements as high as 3 orders of magnitude. Excellent biosensing performances have been examined by optimizing the silver film thickness and the number of perovskite nanosheets. Considering a tiny refractive index change of 0.0012 refractive index unit (RIU) caused by biomolecules adsorption behavior, the optimal plasmonic biosensor configuration of 46-nm silver film–5.7-nm silicon interlayer-1-layer CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film–0.7-nm silicon interlayer-1-layer graphene can produce the highest detection sensitivity of 1.2314 × 105 degree/RIU. In addition, an excellent linear response in the differential phase can be obtained, as the refractive index variation of the sensing interface can be as low as 10−6 RIU, showing great potential in performing ultrasensitive biosensing.
Implementation of CYP2C19 genotyping to guide proton pump inhibitor use at an academic health center
Authors: Cicali Emily J , Elchynski Amanda , Thomas Cameron D , Alam Benish , Dalton Rachel , Davis Rick , Eken Eda , Estores David , Nguyen Khoa , Cavallari Larisa H , Wiisanen Kristin
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To describe the implementation of CYP2C19 testing into clinical practice at University of Florida (UF) Health Gainesville hospital to guide proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosing and the lessons learned from this experience.

Different CYP2C19 genotypes are associated with variability in PPI plasma concentrations and intragastric pH, which may contribute to the risk of treatment failure due to subtherapeutic concentrations and adverse effects (eg, infection, bone fracture, renal dysfunction) with sustained supratherapeutic concentrations. Based on evidence available prior to the availability of pertinent Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines, the UF Health Precision Medicine Program (PMP) developed clinical recommendations, provided through automated alerts at the time of a PPI order, to (1) increase the PPI dose for individuals with genotypes linked to increased CYP2C19 enzyme activity (ie, rapid and ultrarapid metabolizers) to improve the likelihood of drug effectiveness and (2) decrease the dose for individuals with decreased CYP2C19 activity (ie, intermediate and poor metabolizers) to reduce the risk of harm. The CYP2C19-PPI implementation was an iterative process that taught us key implementation lessons. Most notably, physician engagement is essential, problem lists in the medical record are unreliable, and special populations (eg, pediatric patients) need to be considered.

Conclusion

Guiding PPI prescribing based on CYP2C19 genotype is a practical approach to potentially improve the benefit-risk ratio with PPI therapy. Physician engagement is key for successful implementation. A CPIC guideline on CYP2C19 genotype–guided PPI dosing is now available, and automated alerts may be instituted to facilitate implementation.
The Long History of Climate Change: 1621–2026
Authors: Piper Karen
Published: May 2023

This article approaches climate change as long history, looking backward to European colonial changes in land usage around the globe and forward to scientists’ predictive capabilities for understanding future threats. Time, the article posits, is a central component to understanding climate change from a transnational perspective. For many indigenous communities, climate change is merely part of a long history of conquest in which forests were leveled and new land usage practices and technologies were deployed; for computer modelers, climate change is a scary vision of the future that impacts international planning and national legislation today.

These two views of climate change are explored by comparing Amitav Ghosh’s The Nutmeg’s Curse and Kim Stanley Robinson’s The Ministry of the Future. The article concludes that these two views are not antagonistic, but complementary.“Poor people cannot afford drones to shoot mangrove seeds. They don’t have labs with amoebas that make biofuel, or oil tankers for pumping glacial melt.”
147 Keynote: Bioaerosols Associated with Waste and Recycling – Balancing the Circular Economy with Occupational Health and Safety
Authors: Crook Brian
Published: May 2023

Economic and environmental pressures are increasingly driving all areas of industry, not least waste and recycling. For many years waste disposal was the forgotten industrial sector, with little attention paid other than finding an out-of-the-way location for a landfill site. Initially, concerns about environmental consequences of pollution stimulated alternative approaches. This led to recycling becoming a virtue, then a legal necessity through reduce-reuse-recycle and targets driven by national and international legislation. However, the virtues and legal requirements to minimise single use disposal of waste materials and encouraging greater recycling has to be done without adding to human health risk. Domestic and commercial waste is by definition a complex and diverse mix of materials requiring separation into individual recyclable products. Despite increasing automation, waste recycling still remains (and will for some time to come) labour-intensive. Some practices associated with waste recycling may increase the potential for workers to be exposed to dusts, chemicals and, where organic materials are involved, bioaerosols (airborne micro-organisms or their products). Uncontrolled exposure to bioaerosols via inhalation can increase the potential for allergic lung disease, potentially putting waste and recycling workers at risk. Engineering control such as the use of local exhaust ventilation is feasible but can be difficult to apply, and personal protection often is not a practical alternative. This presentation will describe research showing potential exposure to bioaerosols in waste composting, materials recycling facilities and energy from waste, the possible health consequences of exposure, and will consider practical mitigations applicable to the industry.
66 A New Raman Spectroscopy Approach for the Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica Aerosols Collected onto Filters: Practical Considerations and Advantages
Authors: Stacey Peter , Clegg Francis , Sammon Christopher
Published: May 2023

It is estimated that 560,000 workers in the United Kingdom are potentially exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS), which can cause disabling diseases such as silicosis and cancer. The incidence of silicosis in exposed workers can occur at levels below current workplace exposure limits and sensitive analytical techniques are needed to measure low RCS concentrations. The analytical performance of a new Raman spectroscopy method was compared with current X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The study investigated limits of detection, measurement uncertainty and measured samples collected from inside respirators. In total, 119 respirable, thoracic, and samples from the Sioutas impactor (PM10 to PM2.5) were also collected from cutting and polishing of engineered and natural stones and analysed for RCS. The LOD for Raman of 0.26 µg is lower than those published for current XRD or infrared methods (5 to 10 µg). The coefficients of determination were between 0.97 and 0.94. The Raman response is as stable as XRD when measuring samples with different median particle sizes (from 0.5 to 7 µm). Raman measurements were significantly different at the 95 % confidence level for the respirable samples (slope = 1.11) but not for thoracic samples (slope = 1.03). Raman spectroscopy has an advantage when measuring quartz in the presence of some minerals that cause interferences with XRD such as zircon. Raman spectroscopy is a promising alternative to XRD for RCS measurements. It has a low LOD and few modifications of current protocols would be necessary to adopt a Raman analysis approach.

2022© Crown copyright
99 Influence of Storage Conditions on the Evaluation of Metal Bioaccessibility and Oxidative Potential of Welding Fumes
Authors: Ghanem Manuella , Alleman Laurent Y , Rousset Davy , Perdrix Esperanza , Coddeville Patrice , Matera Virginie
Published: May 2023

Welding fumes (WF) are a complex mixture of ultrafine polymetallic particles, which can deposit in all regions of the respiratory tract. They contain high levels of transition metals (Cr, Cu, Mn …) known to catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species which are related to numerous adverse health effects. In industrial hygiene, collected WF are analyzed several days later, following usual standard techniques. However, during storage WF samples may undergo several physico-chemical modifications that may lead to an underestimation of their oxidative potential (OP) and metal bioaccessibility. In this work, we determined the influence of several usual storage conditions on the OP (dithiothreitol method OPDTT) and metal bioaccessibility of WF. Fresh WF were generated using a controlled welding bench and the collected particles were subsequently stored following various conservation conditions (temperature, atmosphere composition and durations) before analysis. OPDTT of WF significantly decrease with increasing storage duration when stored in ambient air, either at +20°C or -20°C, while there are no significant variations for storage under N2(g). Furthermore, the metal bioaccessibilities show similar trends to that of the OPDTT of WF for the tested conservation conditions. This work confirms that storage conditions of WF have an undeniable influence on their metal bioaccessibility and OPDTT. On-line analysis could offer an alternative to WF filter sampling, using OPDTT as a probe of health monitoring for exposed professionals
14 The Development and Characterisation of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) for 1-Hydroxypyrene Glucuronide (1-OHPyrG) Determination and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Biomonitoring
Authors: Ball Lathan , Baker Claire , Carter Harry , Jones Kate
Published: May 2023

Objective

PAHs are produced during the incomplete burning of organic materials. PAH sources include vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke and waste incineration. Cancer is a significant endpoint of PAH exposure. Pyrene is a common component of PAH exposures and metabolism of pyrene leads to the excretion of 1-OHPyrG in urine. Measurement of 1-OHPyrG has been used to assess occupational and environmental exposure to PAHs. The production of Mabs to 1-OHPyrG will allow the development of novel PAH biomonitoring tests, facilitating the introduction of routine screening and safeguarding human health.

Methods

1-Pyrenebutyric acid was coupled to a carrier protein and a sheep Mab raised to 1-OHPyrG. A second Mab which binds the Mab-1-OHPyrG immune complex was also produced and a novel urinary non-competitive ELISA developed. Careful formulation of assay buffers has overcome the heterogeneous nature of urine. Assay performance was confirmed through binding studies with structurally similar metabolites, reproducibility testing and a comparative method study.

Results

A sensitive and specific ELISA (measuring range 20-500pg/ml) was used to detect elevated levels of 1-OHPyrG in urine. Occupational samples determined by ELISA and HPLC-fluorescence were in good agreement (R2=0.91, N=20). A test kit is now being transferred to manufacture.

Conclusions

The development of a novel ELISA for 1-OHPyrG has allowed the production of a sensitive and specific PAH biomonitoring test kit. Kits increase the accessibility of biomonitoring and facilitate the introduction of routine screening. Alternate assay formats are being investigated. A lateral flow “point of care” test will enable on-site testing and significantly increase the utility of biomonitoring.
25 Strategy for Assessing Exposure of Ship Painters to a Mixture of Organic Solvents
Authors: Gherardi Monica , L'Episcopo Nunziata , Gordiani Andrea , Pigini Daniela , Sisto Renata , Tranfo Giovanna
Published: May 2023

Background

Painters are exposed to different substances, among which volatile organic compounds. Similar Exposure Groups (SEG) should be identified according to the European Standard EN:689/2019 to perform representative measurements of exposure. This approach was applied to 15 ship painters.

Methods

Two SEGs were identified considering environment and application technique: 6 spray painters (group A) working inside a hangar and 9 roller painters (group B) working on the ship. Gaseous toluene, xylenes, acetone, ethylacetate, n-butyl acetate, ethylbenzene and benzene were collected using Radiello samplers and determined by GC/MS.

Results

The ratios between each exposure value and the corresponding occupational exposure limit (Italian for toluene, xylenes, acetone, ethylbenzene, and benzene; German for ethylacetate and n-butyl acetate) were below 0.5 for Group A and well below 0.1 for Group B. Considering the common neurotoxic effect, workers’ exposure was also evaluated for the additive contribution of each component to the mixture. The mixture exposure index resulted 1.01 for spray painters and 0.09 for roller painters.

Short Discussion/Conclusions

Considering single substances, exposure levels were below the limits for both groups; when the mixture exposure is assessed, it reaches the mixture occupational limit for group A (spray) while it remains well below for group B (rollers). Results confirm that environment features and application techniques significantly affect the exposure levels, that are to be monitored on a SEG basis, and that considering the exposure to the mixture is crucial in order to orient the medical surveillance to prevent the neurotoxic effect in spray painters.