bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Aspects of Intra‐Arterial Chemotherapy of Outpatients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Baker Shan R. , Wheeler Richard H. , Medvec Barbara R.
Published: January 2017

We have evaluated the use of the completely implantable Infusaid pump in 22 patients with advanced cancer confined to the head and neck. Unilateral head lesions are treated with a single‐catheter pump infusing the external carotid artery. A dual‐catheter pump is used for midline or bilateral head lesions (both external carotid arteries infused) or unilateral head and neck disease (the second catheter positioned in the thyrocervical trunk). The infused volume of each catheter is determined by nuclear tomography after slow intra‐arterial injection of 99mTc‐labeled macroaggregated albumin through the pump's auxiliary port. The injection port/infusion chamber configuration of the pump permits long‐term, multiple‐course, combination‐drug intra‐arterial therapy on an outpatient basis. To date, 15 patients have been treated longer than 6 months and five longer than 1 year with no bleeding or neurologic complications. Eight of 10 patients treated with cisplatin and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) have responded. The Infusaid pump permits long‐term, practical, cost‐effective, intra‐arterial therapy to the entire tumor volume of ambulatory head and neck cancer patients with a high rate of tumor response.
Traumatic Perforations of the Tympanic Membrane: Early Closure with Paper Tape Patching
Authors: Camnitz Paul S. , Bost William S.
Published: January 2017

There is a difference of opinion about treating traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane expectantly or with early surgery. Those who treat expectantly argue that most of the perforations will heal, given enough time. Those who argue for early closure note the occasional finding of middle ear damage, high closure rates, and faster healing. We present 50 consecutive traumatic perforations seen over a 3‐year period and initially treated with paper tape patches (3M Micropore) applied in the office under local anesthesia. The success rate was 92%. Three of the four patients whose treatments failed, presented with a draining ear the night of patch placement, suggesting prior infection. All four failures were successfully treated with myringoplasties. Surprisingly, meticulous attention to aligning the perforation margins did not appear to affect the outcome. Healing usually occurred within 2 to 3 weeks. We contend that this method of treatment is quick, inexpensive, highly successful, identifies potential complications, is accepted by most patients, and promotes early healing.
Palatopharyngoplasty Failure, Cephalometric Roentgenograms, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Riley R. , Guilleminault C. , Powell N. , Simmons F. Blair
Published: January 2017

Nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent unsuccessful palatopharyngoplasty (PPP) as documented by polygraphic monitoring had abnormal cephalometric roentgenogram measurements. Findings indicated a small posterior airway space and inferiorly placed hyoid bone. Cephalometry performed with appropriate techniques to investigate soft tissue location should be obtained systematically in obstructive sleep apneic patients before any surgery is performed. The roentgenogram finding is a helpful guide in deciding whether PPP alone or PPP in combination with other surgical procedures would be more efficacious.
Sudden Hearing Loss as the Sole Manifestation of Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Souliere Charles R. , Kava Charles R. , Barrs David M. , Bell Ann F.
Published: January 2017

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, Idiopathic granulomatous disease with frequent pulmonary, ocular, and lymphatic systemic manifestations. Central nervous system involvement is rare (1% to 5%), yet the most frequent presenting symptoms (48%) in patients with neurosarcoidosis are neurologic. Eighth cranial nerve abnormalities occur in 20% of these patients, typically in association with other cranial neuropathies or overt systemic disease. Isolated eighth nerve disease is very rare. We report two cases of neurosarcoidosis manifest as Isolated, sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss, one of which had a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) granuloma that mimicked an acoustic neuroma. Both patients experienced marked steroid‐induced hearing improvement that persisted after termination of therapy. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BSER) abnormality persisted despite normalization of audiologic parameters. The implications for diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis‐induced hearing loss are described. Neurosarcoidosis must be considered when evaluating patients with sudden hearing loss. Prompt steroid therapy offers hope for significant hearing recovery in these patients.
Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Upper Airway Obstruction
Authors: Weider Dudley J. , Sateia Michael J. , West Ruth P.
Published: January 2017

This study presents the results of our experience with 115 children between the ages of 3 and 19 years who have had symptoms of upper airway obstruction and nocturnal enuresis. Twelve children had secondary enuresis, and 103 children had primary enuresis. Surgical removal of upper airway obstruction led to a significant decrease in or complete cure of nocturnal enuresis in 87 (76%) of the children studied. Eleven children were also studied with polysomnographic tracings in an attempt to determine a relationship between their sleep patterns and nocturnal enuresis.
Revision Meatoplasty: Management Emphasizing De‐Epithelialized Postauricular Flaps
Authors: Stucker Fred J. , Shaw Gary Y.
Published: January 2017

Revision meatoplasty represents a unique reconstructive dilemma to the otolaryngologist. Often, the external canal and conchal skin are or have been involved in an inflammatory process and subsequent scarring that compromises or precludes its use in a reconstructive procedure. Our technique recommends one or more tongues of postauricular normal vascularized skin flaps be developed and rotated into the ear canal. The portion lying beneath the auricle is de‐epithellalized as it is tunnelled under the conchal bowl. This random postauricular flap permits the introduction of healthy skin at the flap's tip for resurfacing the canal and meatus. Because the flap is introduced from a posterior direction, the inevitable scarring and forces of contraction serve to keep the meatus patent. This is in marked contrast to usual repair attempts that introduce coverage at the meatus with a skin graft, which subsequently heals, with a circumferential scar compounding the stenosis. The exact design of the flap is generally determined by the presence or absence of previous postauricular healed scar. There is most often a previous postauricular incision from ear surgery that dictates the exact design of the flap or flaps. Superiorly and/or inferiorly based flaps have been used successfully. The segment that lies beneath the auricle is de‐epitheliallzed using the CO2 laser. This greatly facilitates the speed and precision of the de‐epithelializing maneuver. To date, 32 cases of conchal and external canal stenosis have been successfully managed using this technique. The indications, technical description, and representative examples are the basis of this manuscript, which offers the otolaryngologist a viable option in revision meatoplasty.
Photochemical Effects of Laser Irradiation on Neuritic Outgrowth of Olfactory Neuroepithelial Explants
Authors: Mester Andrew F. , Snow James B. , Shaman Paul
Published: January 2017

The photochemical effect of low‐intensity laser irradiation (LILI) on the maturation and regeneration of olfactory‐Immature estrus day 15 (E15) and olfactory‐mature estrus day 22 (E22) rat fetuses was studied. Neuritic outgrowths of olfactory bipolar receptor cells were quantified in olfactory neuroepithelial explants. Explants in the experimental groups were irradiated with a helium‐neon laser using different incident energy densities (IEDs). Explants in another group were exposed to fluorescent light. Control explants did not receive laser or fluorescent light irradiation. Neuritic outgrowths were analyzed on a regular basis for 12 days. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data. The parameters of neuritic outgrowth in E15 fetuses showed a significant increase of 30% to 50% vs. the control with a single laser irradiation of 0.5 J/cm2 IED. The rate of neuritic outgrowth observed in the E22 fetuses was less than in the E15 fetuses. The parameters of neuritic outgrowth in E22 fetuses showed a significant and substantially greater percentage increase than in the E15 fetuses with daily laser irradiations of 0.05 and 0.5 J/cm2 IED when compared to the control. The magnitude of these increases appears to be of biological significance as well as statistical significance.
The Protective Effects of Allopurinol and Superoxide Dismutase‐Polyethylene Glycol on Ischemic and Reperfusion‐Induced Cochlear Damage
Authors: Schwartz Ilsa , Seidman Michael D. , Quirk W.S. , Nuttall A.L. , Schweitzer Vanessa G.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of allopurinol, a blocker of free oxygen radical (FOR) formation, and superoxide dismutase‐polyethylene glycol (SOD‐PEG), a scavenger of FORs, on Ischemic and reperfusion‐induced cochlear damage. Fifteen Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a control group (5 animals) that was exposed to 15 minutes of cochlear ischemia by clamping the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion as documented by laser Doppler flowmetry; (2) a drug‐treated group (5 animals) that received allopurinol before ischemia/reperfusion; and (3) a drug‐treated group (5 animals) that received SOD‐PEG before ischemia/reperfusion. In the control group, the tone burst‐evoked compound action potential (CAP) recorded from the round window (RW) of the cochlea was abolished, and the cochlear microphonic (CM) was reduced after ischemia. In contrast, both allopurinol and SOD‐PEG–treated animals showed post‐reperfusion sensitivity in CAP and CM measures. We interpret these results to indicate that damage to the cochlea from ischemia and subsequent reperfusion can be attenuated by pretreatment with allopurinol or SOD‐PEG. This provides indirect evidence that FORs may be partially responsible for cochlear damage resulting from ischemic conditions.
Indications for Open Cervical Node Biopsy in HIV‐Positive Patients
Authors: Burton Frank , Patete L. Michael , Goodwin W. Jarrard
Published: January 2017

Open node biopsy was the method of choice for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection before serologic testing became available. Currently, the otolaryngologist is often called on to assist in the management of HIV‐positive patients with troublesome cervical adenopathy. Today's questions are: what is the place of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), and when is open cervical node biopsy indicated. A retrospective review was undertaken of 93 consecutive cervical node biopsies performed by our department during the 5‐year period from 1985 to 1989. Twenty of the patients who underwent biopsy were HIV‐positive. Of these twenty, ten carried an established diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventeen of these patients underwent FNA before biopsy. In the eight patients with persistent generalized lymph‐adenopathy (PGL) and nontender, nonenlarging nodes, pathologic analysis revealed lymphoid hyperplasia. Five of these patients had antecedent FNA, none demonstrating any pathologic changes. Of the twelve patients with enlarging or tendon nodes, the diagnosis of mycobacterial adenitis was made in eight, Nocardial infection in two, Burkitt's lymphoma in one, and metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma in one. In four of the patients diagnosed with mycobacterial infections, FNA yielded cytologic evidence of acid‐fast bacilli and open lymph node biopsy added nothing. In contrast, FNA failed to reveal the diagnosis in both patients with Nocardial infection, and in the two patients with neoplastic disease. We conclude that cervical node biopsy is not indicated in the HIV or AIDS patient with nontender or nonenlarging nodes. If the node is tender or enlarging, cytologic examination of an FNA may be helpful; open node biopsy should be reserved for those occasions when the diagnosis is still in doubt. Using these guidelines, 12 of the 20 patients we operated on could have been spared a surgical procedure.
Community‐Acquired Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in Otolaryngology
Authors: Gottlieb Ron D. , Shah Mahendra K. , Perlman David C. , Kimmelman Charles P.
Published: January 2017

Soon after the introduction of methicillin, strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin were reported. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common hospital pathogen, often resistant to multiple antibiotics, while causing significant morbidity and mortality. Community‐acquired MRSA infections have been infrequently documented. Most reports have been associated with intravenous drug abuse. This report reviews 15 patients with community‐acquired MRSA infections of the head and neck. None admitted to intravenous drug use. Additionally, no patient was known to be a healthcare worker. The MRSA strains showed antibiotic susceptibility and resistance profiles different from typical hospital‐acquired MRSA isolates. All but one infection resolved with adequate surgical or appropriate antibiotic therapy. Clinicians should become aware of the possibility of community‐acquired MRSA in the patient who has had continued infection despite antibiotic therapy.
Soft Tissue Effects of the THC:YAG Laser on Canine Vocal Cords
Authors: Kay Scott L. , Oz Mehmet C. , Haber Marian , Blitzer Andrew , Treat Michael R. , Trokel Stephen L.
Published: January 2017

Recently, a laser based on a thulium‐holmium‐chromium (THC) doped yittrium‐aiuminum‐garnet (YAG) rod has been developed that produces light of 2.15 microns wave‐length and can be transmitted through a low OH‐ silica fiberoptic cable. This wave‐length falls on one of the peaks of the energy absorption spectrum of water. Thus, the THC:YAG laser eliminates the disadvantage of a cumbersome delivery system found in the CO2 laser while still providing precise cutting and minimal tissue injury inherent in lasers emitting light absorbed by water. We evaluated the soft tissue effects of this laser on canine vocal cords. Ablative lesions were produced by the THC:YAG laser and histologically examined on postoperative days 1, 7, and 28. Results indicate that the depth of tissue penetration is easily controlled and the healing response to tissue injury is comparable to that of the CO2 laser. The THC:YAG laser should prove to be a superior laser for use in otorhinolaryngology, especially when adapted to a flexible endoscope.
Significance of MRI changes after surgery of the skull base
Authors: Anand Vinod K. , Arrowood John P. , Patel Rameshkumar B. , Leonetti John P. , Al‐Mefty Ossama
Published: January 2017

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is commonly used in the followup of patients who have undergone surgical removal of tumors from the cranial base to assess the possibility of tumor recurrence, persistence, or surgical complications. Interpretations of this study must be cautious because postoperative enhanced signals are encountered frequently. Although technological Improvements continue to enhance the usefulness of MR Images for followup, problems remain in differentiating between fibrotic, reconstructive changes, and tumor recurrence. In this study, the hospital records and MR findings of 215 patients who had undergone skull base surgery were reviewed. The study was prompted by negative operative exploration in three patients in whom postoperative MR images strongly suggested tumor recurrence. One‐year follow‐up images were available in 174 patients. Of these, 94% showed signal enhancement on the 1‐year follow‐up study. Progressive changes were observed in 14% of patients. The correlation of preoperative MR findings and surgery, with regard to dural involvement, vascular involvement, cranial nerve infiltration, and extent of intracranial infiltration, was analyzed in 28 patients. Methods to facilitate the detection of tumor recurrence using MR Images are reviewed.
The bone‐anchored hearing aid and bone‐anchored epithesis for congenital ear malformations
Authors: Granström Gösta , Bergström Kerstin , Tjellström Anders
Published: January 2017

Surgery for correction of aural atresia was performed on 156 ears in 111 patients. A comparison was made between plastic surgery for auricular reconstruction and the bone‐anchored epithesis. Another comparison was performed between hearing Improvement after reconstructive surgery for meatal and middle ear atresia and the bone‐anchored hearing aid. It was found that the bone‐anchored epithesis is an excellent alternative to plastic reconstructive surgery of the auricle. The bone‐anchored hearing aid could be considered as a strong alternative to surgery in patients with meatal and middle ear atresia ‐ especially in patients with advanced malformations. Neither the bone‐anchored epithesis nor the bone‐anchored hearing aid excludes the patient from reconstructive surgery later in life.
Transcutaneous Teflon injection for vocal cord paralysis
Authors: McCaffrey Thomas V.
Published: January 2017

In 1989, I reported a series of 19 cases of unilateral vocal cord paralysis treated by transcutaneous Teflon injection. At that time it was shown that unilateral vocal cord paralysis could be effectively treated in the office in the unanesthetized patient using a transcutaneous route of Injection. Since that time, an additional 43 patients have been treated using a similar technique. The initial impression of safety and efficacy has been confirmed in this subsequent series. Several refinements in this technique have simplified its use and improved its reliability. No airway complications have been observed to date and no patients have required hospital admission. Transcutaneous Teflon Injection can be considered a useful method for treatment of vocal cord paralysis in selected patients.
The effect of swallowing bolus and head position on eustachian tube function via sonotubometry
Authors: Leider Jeffrey , Hamlet Sandra , Schwan Sabina
Published: January 2017

Eustachian tube function was evaluated by sonotubometry in otologically normal young adults. The purpose of the research was to determine if the incidence or duration of eustachian tube opening would be altered with changes in swallowing bolus volume or changes in head rotation. The subject performed multiple swallows of 10 cc water bolus and dry swallows (saliva), with the head in the straight‐forward, turned right, and turned left positions. Both ears were evaluated. The average Incidence and duration of eustachian tube opening for all swallows was 74% (398 msec). No significant differences were found with any combination of bolus type or head position, suggesting that neither liquid bolus volume nor head rotation need be controlled when sonotubometry is performed.
Therapeutic management of chronic suppurative otitis media with otic drops
Authors: Merifield David O. , Parker Nancy J. , Nicholson Nannette C.
Published: January 2017

The use of potentially ototoxic topical drugs is controversial. Few experimental reports of audiometric data from human subjects exist. The purpose of this study is to determine if a significant difference between bone conduction hearing sensitivity before and after otic drop treatment for children with chronic suppurative otitis media and patent ventilation tubes exists. A statistical analysis of sensorineural threshold status after treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media with otic drops is presented.
Rationality and Decision-Making of Small Farmers: The Case of Ghana
Authors: Boahene Kwasi
Published: January 2017

According to anthropologists and sociologists of non-western societies, small-scale farmers in the developing economies are not self-seeking profit maximizers—i.e., their activities are not oriented towards economic efficiency—compared to their counterparts in the developed economies. They are said to include cultural considerations in their decision-making process. As a result, sociology has been typically divided into western and non-western sociology. This gives the impression that societies are polarized into two extremes each of which requires a different method of analysis. The paper argues that in the less industrialised as in the industrialised societies, economic activities are subject to economic as well as socio-cultural considerations, although in the former, the cultural component may count more. A socio-economic model of rational behaviour has been developed to explain the activities of small cocoa farmers in Ghana. The relevance of a socio-economic model to explain the decision-making of the Ghanaian farmers broadens the notion of rational behaviour, and lends little support to the implications associated with the categorization of sociology into western and non-western sociology.
Circulation, Population Factor into Social Media Use
Authors: Rosenberry Jack
Published: January 2017

Analysis of Facebook and Twitter activity of 38 U.S. daily newspapers found strong correlation between the news organizations' use of social media tools and the size of the community and circulation of the print edition. Larger papers were more effective in using social media.
NY Times' Blog Purchase Leads to Significant Changes
Authors: Saks Jeremy
Published: January 2017

A comparative analysis of the content of the Five Thirty Eight website the year before and the year after the site was acquired by The New York Times found significant differences. The postings were less frequent but were longer and featured more hyperlinks and multimedia.
Commentary: Reporting Political Polling: Avoiding Public ‘Misinformation’
Authors: Johnson Karen S. , Nimmo Dan
Published: January 2017

News media have sponsored and used political polling to report public views for several decades. As reported, however, news media polls do less to provide public knowledge about issues, events and personalities than superficial acquaintance with public perceptions. The result is gross oversimplification of the political opinion process, leading to public misinformation. Suggestions are made on how to avoid these journalistic pitfalls.
Racial Diversity in the College Newsroom
Authors: Wearden Stanley T. , Hipsman Barbara J. , Greenman John
Published: January 2017

Many entry-level newspaper staffers come from college journalism programs and start their newspapering careers at college papers. A census of all newspapers at ACEJMC-accredited schools finds twice as many minorities in college newspaper newsrooms as in the industry, but few in top positions.
A Case for Better Media Coverage of Judicial Elections
Authors: Foley Daniel J.
Published: January 2017

Journalists may find judicial candidates more willing to discuss issues in the future. Even if not, there are multiple sources for evaluating candidates' records. Here are tips for reporters on what to look for and where to find answers.
How Editors and Educators See Skills Needed for Editing
Authors: Auman Ann , Alderman Betsy B.
Published: January 2017

Language skills are a major concern of both editors and educators, and they agree to a large extent on the relative importance of 26 editing skills and knowledge areas.
Agency Media Pros Look at Sales Effects of National Paper Ads
Authors: Reid Leonard N. , King Karen Whitehill , Morrison Margaret
Published: January 2017

Nearly all agency media professionals surveyed rate television as the best national advertising medium. Results suggest a need for promotional and informational campaigns by the newspaper industry.
Axial groove casing treatment in an automotive turbocharger centrifugal compressor
Authors: Harley PXL , Starke A , Bamba T , Filsinger D
Published: January 2017

The automotive market is continually driving the suppliers of turbochargers to push their designs into new unexplored realms. The most recent request is to have improvements to the surge margin at higher pressure ratios due to the demands of modern Diesel and gasoline engines. This study looked back at historic casing treatments and investigated the concept of axial grooves being applied to the shroud of a centrifugal compressor. This paper presents a literature review of previous centrifugal compressor casing treatments and explores in detail the axial groove type casing treatment. The study is comprised of two main sections, a test campaign and a numerical investigation. The test campaign compares the axial groove casing treatment against a baseline case without a casing treatment and a typical ported shroud casing treatment. Results are presented along with an explanation of the changes to the performance over the baseline case. The axial groove casing treatment is shown to be able to improve the surge margin as desired in a very package orientated manner. The second part of this paper looks at a similar axial groove casing treatment but for a different centrifugal compressor stage. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out to investigate and provide understanding to the fluid mechanics surrounding the axial groove casing treatment. The CFD and test data are not compared; rather an independent CFD study explains the basic mechanics of how the axial grooves interact with the impeller in order to explain the performance changes seen between a baseline case, and a case including the axial groove casing treatment. Axial grooves at the impeller inlet are shown to be an effective method of improving the surge margin with a limited effect on efficiency, whilst working within a package restricted design space.
Discourse analysis, pragmatics and the dramatic ‘character: Tom Stoppard's Professional Foul
Authors: Bennison Neil
Published: January 2017

Is there any way in which characters in dramatic texts may be considered a worthwhile object of criticism? The dearth of recent critical material in this area would suggest not, but the aim of this article is to demonstrate that the study of dramatic character may be effectively achieved by the application of theoretical principles derived from the linguistic analysis of conversation. The difficulties of accounting precisely for how readers of the play text get from the words on the page to judgements concerning the ‘personalities' of characters are overcome, to some extent, by the analysis of their conversational behaviour and using the powerful interpretative apparatus of discourse analysis and pragmatics to this end. As a focus for discussion, the character of Anderson, in Stoppard's play, Professional Foul, has been chosen, and a wide range of approaches taken from discourse analysis and pragmatics is used to identify in particular scenes the ways in which four prominent character traits are deducible from his conversational behaviour. The analysis begins with an examination of turn-length, turn-taking and topic-shift before applying pragmatic theories such as Grice's Cooperative Principle, Brown and Levinson's Politeness Phenomenon and Leech's Politeness Principle. In addition, this article addresses the problematic notion of character ‘development’ and argues that this may be accounted for in terms of a change in the conversational strategies used by a character, from which changes in attitude are inferable.
Literary Conduits for ‘Consent’
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar
Published: January 2017

The making of the imperial subjects is as much a matter of historical process as the emergence of the empire. In the case of the Mughal state, this process started much before its actual establishment in the sixteenth century. The fifteenth century in North India was a period of unusual cultural ferment. The emergence of the Mughal imperial formation in the next century was intimately related to the fast congealing tendency of the north Indian society towards greater disciplining of itself. This tendency is evident in the multilingual literary cultures and diverse knowledge formations of the long fifteenth century.
Feminism’s family drama: Female genealogies, feminist historiography, and Kate Walbert’s A Short History of Women
Authors: Muller Nadine
Published: January 2017

This article considers Kate Walbert’s A Short History of Women (2009), a novel that tells the stories of a hunger striking suffragette and four generations of her female descendants. Tracing feminist history through female genealogy, Walbert’s historiographic metafiction helps us think through the perils and potentials of the generational methods that have long dominated feminist historiography. Critically engaging with what has arguably become a feminist family drama, the novel makes an invaluable contribution to contemporary feminist theory and feminist historiography, illustrating of feminist genealogies as simultaneously fruitful and fraught, limiting and liberating and yet inescapable and useful.
Shape-programmed inkjet-printed silver electro-conductive layers on textile surfaces
Authors: Stempien Z , Rybicki E , Patykowska A , Rybicki T , Szynkowska MI
Published: January 2017

The inkjet-printing technique was used to deposit a commercial silver nanoparticle ink in order to fabricate the electro-conductive layers directly on the different natural, synthetic, blend and mineral textile fabric surfaces with simultaneous sintering at 130℃ during printing process. This modification eliminated the necessity of sintering of silver prints in a box oven and significantly minimised ink spreading over the fabric. The silver nanoink used was characterised by means of ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The changes in surface resistance of the fabrics with the silver-deposited layers have been measured by means of the four-probe method. The morphology of the silver layers has been observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The conducting layers were also characterised chemically by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy. The changes in surface resistance of the silver inkjet-printed textiles were evaluated in the bending tests and after the rubbing, washing and dry-cleaning processes. The obtained results proved that the proposed shape-programmed inkjet-printing method was very simple, giving an excellent adhesion of the inkjet-printed silver layers to the substrates and ensuring a very low surface resistance. The studies have confirmed the usefulness of the ink applied for inkjet printing of silver electrodes and their good tolerance to bending, washing and dry-cleaning processes.
How to identify patients at risk of abdominal compartment syndrome after surgical repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in the operating room: A pilot study
Authors: Leclerc Betty , Salomon Du Mont Lucie , Besch Guillaume , Rinckenbach Simon
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is poorly identified in surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and an early management is crucial. The aim of this study was to validate how many risk factors were needed to predict ACS. Secondary objectives were to assess its prevalence and the 30-day mortality.

Methods

All patients operated for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm during 5 years were included. An independent committee performed a retrospective diagnosis of ACS. Eight criteria were selected from the literature, and corresponded to pre- and intraoperative period: anemia (hemoglobin lower than 10 g/dL), prolonged shock (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg more than 18 min), preoperative cardiac arrest, obesity (body mass index > 30), massive fluid resuscitation (≥3500 mL per hour for at least 1 h) and transfusions (>10 units packed blood red cell since the beginning of the treatment), severe hypothermia (≤33℃), acidosis (pH < 7.2). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for each number of criteria.

Results

Eight patients were ACS+ and 28 ACS-, with three criteria for ACS+ and 1.5 for ACS- ( p = 0.002). Three criteria among the eight selected criteria have the best cutoff for sensitivity and specificity (75% and 82%) with a positive predictive value of 54% and a negative predictive value of 92%. The prevalence of ACS was 17%. The 30-day mortality in ACS+ tended to be higher than in ACS- ( p = 0.108).

Conclusion

The present results suggest that patients with an ACS seemed to have higher mortality and the threshold of three factors among eight specific factors is enough to predict this.
Disagreement on Immunization Recommendations: An Analysis of Lay-Clinician Interaction
Authors: Mueller Mary-Rose , Hill Linda , Fontanesi John , Kopald David
Published: January 2017

Although the health benefits of vaccines have been well established, immunization rates among adults at risk for complications of viral and bacterial infections falls far short of federal recommendations. Various factors have been attributed to this problem. In this paper we consider an understudied factor, that of clinician-lay interactions on and disagreements over immunizations. We draw on data collected as part of a larger study of vaccine uptake among chronically ill adults. Qualitative methods were used to analyze transcripts of audio recordings of lay-clinician interactions made during health visits of patients eligible for influenza and or pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines. Our analysis revealed that lay expressions of discord over immunization recommendations centered on vaccine delivery, health beliefs, and personal experiences. Strategies used to quell disagreements included posing questions, providing information, and giving advice. Impediments to bringing about agreement over vaccines involved organizational policies and lack of clinician engagement with patient resistance. Settled disagreements resulted in immunization delivery; patients were not immunized under conditions of unresolved disagreement. We suggest that clinicians may wish to remain alert to sources of disagreement and seek to resolve discord in the service of increasing immunization rates and preventing illness in high-risk adults.
Molecular disease monitoring using circulating tumor DNA in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Yeh Paul , Dickinson Michael , Ftouni Sarah , Hunter Tane , Sinha Devbarna , Wong Stephen Q. , Agarwal Rishu , Vedururu Ravikiran , Doig Kenneth , Fong Chun Yew , Blombery Piers , Westerman David , Dawson Mark A. , Dawson Sarah-Jane
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Circulating tumor DNA can monitor disease and predict treatment failure by tracking driver mutations and karyotypic abnormalities in MDS.
On hybrid intelligence-based control approach with its application to flexible robot system
Authors: Khoobjou E. , Mazinan A. H.
Published: January 2017

Flexible robot system is in general taken into real consideration as most important process in a number of academic and industrial environments. Due to the fact that the aforementioned system is so applicable in real domains, the novel ideas with respect to state-of-the-art in outperforming its performance are always valuable. With this purpose, a number of the soft computing techniques can be preferred with reference to the traditional ones to predict and optimize the overall performance of the above-captioned process. The approach proposed here is in fact organized in line with the integration of the fuzzy-based approach in association with the neural networks, in order to enable the process under control to be capable of learning and adapting to be matched, in a number of real environments. It can be shown that the outcomes tolerate the imprecise circumstances, as one of advantages regarding the fuzzy-based approach. In the present investigation, a new hybrid approach is proposed to deal with the arm of flexible robot system through the neural networks, the fuzzy-based approach and also the particle swarm optimization. It should be noted that the objective of the proposed research is to control the claw of robot system including two-degree-of-freedom movable arms. The results indicate that the mean-square error and the root-mean-square error are accurately outperformed with reference to the traditional ones, tangibly.
Quasi-2D block inversion of large-scale surface nuclear magnetic resonance profile data using a laterally constrained model
Authors: Jiang Chuandong , Shang Xinlei , Lin Tingting , Duan Qingming , Lin Jun
Published: January 2017

The water content of underground structures can be imaged using surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in one dimension, two dimensions, or recently, three dimensions. The maximum efficiency can be obtained with a coincident loop configuration in a large-scale area, although the resolution is limited. We have developed a quasi-2D block inversion to characterize a horizontal continuous underground aquifer using a laterally constrained model to improve the resolution of thin aquifers and deep aquifers. Through the simulation of flat surface and irregular surface models, a horizontally layered aquifer with continuously variable water content and [Formula: see text] can be imaged through quasi-2D block inversion, which is more optimized than the traditional 1D block or 1D or 2D smooth inversion methods. Finally, using a series of profile data obtained from surface NMR field measurements in Mongolia, we determine that quasi-2D block inversion based on a laterally constrained model can significantly improve the discontinuity and heterogeneity caused by splicing images in a 1D block inversion and can provide a reliable result of the distribution of continuous aquifers for hydrogeology surveys over a large-scale area.
Target-oriented velocity analysis using Marchenko-redatumed data
Authors: Mildner Constantin , Broggini Filippo , Robertsson Johan O. A. , van Manen Dirk-Jan , Greenhalgh Stewart
Published: January 2017

Imaging a target zone and analyzing its corresponding velocities using seismic surface data can be challenging, in particular if the target zone is located below a highly scattering overburden. Marchenko redatuming enables the redatuming of the surface reflection response to an arbitrary new datum level below such an overburden. The obtained reflection response is free of internal multiples originating in the overburden, and thus, such data can be the starting point for target-oriented analyses. We develop the first application of Marchenko-redatumed data for target-oriented velocity analysis. Marchenko-redatumed data are used as the input for a conventional migration method to create angle-domain common-image gathers. Using incorrect velocities for redatuming or migration leads to residual moveout of reflections in such angle gathers. Thus, semblance analysis of the angle gathers allows us to correct an erroneous velocity profile. By combining events occurring at different depths in the angle gathers, we can correctly determine and separate the error inherent in the overburden of the velocity model used for redatuming and in the target zone used for migration. We tested the approach of velocity analysis with Marchenko-redatumed data in the simple case of a horizontally layered model and obtained the correct velocity model updates using interval velocity corrections. We then extended our approach and successfully applied a ray-based tomographic inversion to angle gathers created with Marchenko-redatumed data for a medium having lateral heterogeneity (dipping layers) and proved the advantages of velocity analysis using Marchenko-redatumed data compared with surface data.
Utilizing diffractions in wavefront tomography
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Schwarz Benjamin , Gajewski Dirk
Published: January 2017

Wavefront tomography is known to be an efficient and stable approach for velocity inversion that does not require accurate starting models and does not interact directly with the prestack data. Instead, the original data are transformed to physically meaningful wavefront attribute fields. These can be automatically estimated using local-coherence analysis by means of the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack, which has been shown to be a powerful tool for data analysis and enhancement. In addition, the zero-offset wavefront attributes acquired during the CRS stack can be used for sophisticated subsequent processes such as wavefield characterization and separation. Whereas in previous works, wavefront tomography has been applied mainly to reflection data, resulting in smooth velocity models suitable for migration of targets with moderately complex overburden, we have emphasized using the diffracted contributions in the data for velocity inversion. By means of simple synthetic examples, we reveal the potential of diffractions for velocity inversion. On industrial field data, we suggest a joint inversion based on reflected and diffracted contributions of the measured wavefield, which confirms the general finding that diffraction-based wavefront tomography can help to increase the resolution of the velocity models. Concluding our work, we compare the quality of a reverse time migrated result using the estimated velocity model with the result based on the inversion of reflections, which reveals an improved imaging potential for a complex salt geometry.
Neuroblast niche position is controlled by PI3-kinase dependent DE-Cadherin adhesion
Authors: Doyle Susan E. , Pahl Matthew C. , Siller Karsten H. , Ardiff Lindsay , Siegrist Sarah E.
Published: January 2017

Correct positioning of stem cells within their niche is essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Yet how stem cells acquire and maintain niche position remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a subset of brain neuroblasts (NBs) in Drosophila utilize PI3-kinase and DE-cadherin to build adhesive contact for NB niche positioning. NBs remain within their native microenvironment when levels of PI3-kinase activity and DE-cadherin are elevated in NBs. This occurs through PI3-kinase dependent regulation of DE-Cadherin mediated cell adhesion between NBs and neighboring cortex glia, and between NBs and their GMC daughters. When levels of PI3-kinase activity and/or DE-Cadherin are reduced in NBs, NBs lose niche position and relocate to a non-native brain region that is rich in neurosecretory neurons, including those that secrete some of the Drosophila insulin-like peptides. Linking levels of PI3-kinase activity to strength of adhesive attachment could provide cancer stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells a means to cycle from trophic-poor to trophic-rich microenvironments.
2Intestinal epithelial cell Caveolin 1 regulates fatty acid and lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels
Authors: Otis Jessica P. , Shen Meng-Chieh , Quinlivan Vanessa , Anderson Jennifer L. , Farber Steven A.
Published: January 2017

Caveolae and their structural protein caveolin 1 (CAV1) have roles in cellular lipid processing and systemic lipid metabolism. Global deletion of CAV1 in mice results in insulin resistance and increases in atherogenic plasma lipids and cholesterol, but protects from diet-induced obesity and atherosclerosis. Despite the fundamental role of the intestinal epithelia in the regulation of dietary lipid processing and metabolism, the contributions of CAV1 to lipid metabolism in this tissue have never been directly investigated. In this study the cellular dynamics of intestinal Cav1 were visualized in zebrafish and the metabolic contributions of CAV1 were determined with mice lacking CAV1 in intestinal epithelial cells (CAV1IEC-KO). Live imaging of Cav1-GFP and fluorescently labeled caveolae cargos shows localization to the basolateral and lateral enterocyte PM, suggesting Cav1 mediates transport between enterocytes and the submucosa. CAV1IEC-KO mice are protected from the elevation in circulating fasted low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol associated with a high-fat diet, but have increased postprandial LDL cholesterol, total free fatty acids (FA), palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The increase in circulating fatty acids in HFD CAV1IEC-KO mice are mirrored by decreased hepatic fatty acids suggesting a non-cell autonomous role in IEC CAV1 in promoting hepatic fatty acid storage. In conclusion, CAV1 regulates circulating LDL cholesterol and several FA species via the basolateral PM of enterocytes. These results point to intestinal epithelial cell CAV1 as a potential therapeutic target to lower circulating FA and LDL cholesterol, since high levels are associated with development of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Matching Patterns When Group Size Exceeds Two
Authors: Ahlin Christian
Published: January 2017

We study one-sided matching when groups with n > 2 members are being formed. Type-complementarity rules out all but the rank-ordered grouping. Type-substitutability (for example, matching to share risk) rules out much less. It requires that every two groups must be “intertwined,” in that each dominates the other at some rank. Intertwined matching is necessary and, in one context, sufficient for any grouping to be a potential equilibrium. But there are many intertwined matching patterns when n > 2. Thus, substitutability can be observationally similar to complementarity; we demonstrate this by showing that dyadic regressions can register intertwined (negative assortative) matching as homogeneous matching. (JEL C78)
Dynamic Assignment of Objects to Queuing Agents
Authors: Bloch Francis , Cantala David
Published: January 2017

We analyze the dynamic assignment of objects to agents organized in a constant size waiting list. Applications include the assignment of social housing and organs for transplants. We analyze the optimal design of probabilistic queuing disciplines, punishment schemes, and information release. With private values, all agents prefer first-come first-served to the lottery, but waste is lower at the lottery. With common values, all agents prefer first-come first-served to any other mechanism, and waste is minimized at the lottery. Punishment schemes accelerate turnover in the queue and information release increases the value of agents at the top of the waiting list. (JEL C78, D44, D82)
Pensando na articulação entre a internet como instrumento de pesquisa jurídica e o rigor acadêmico
Authors: Monebhurrun Nitish
Published: January 2017

Esse artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o mau uso da Internet como instrumento de pesquisa, o que compromete o rigor acadêmico. Explica-se que o problema não é a Internet como um malefício por natureza, mas as lacunas na formação do(a) jurista que se depara como um mundo de pesquisa sem preparação. Se a Internet facilita consideravelmente o trabalho do(da) pesquisador(a), os problemas de formação e uma ética evanescente na corrida pelo diploma, tornam esse instrumento mais pernicioso. Sustenta-se que a situação emana também da postura dos professores de Direito, que transmitem aos alunos um medo de pensar, ao impor-lhes apenas trabalhos de compilação que não testam a sua capacidade como pensadores do Direito em formação. Ceder à tentação do mau uso da internet, como nos casos de plágio, é uma problemática de cunho ético, mas decorre também da postura dos professores segundo o seu entendimento da docência. Argumenta-se que a ética do aluno durante a sua pesquisa, seja pela Internet ou por qualquer outro meio, é oriunda da ética de responsabilidade do próprio professor.
Potere e politica nell’esperienza costituzionale del Brasile postcoloniale. Una riflessione a partire da un’opera di Machado de Assis
Authors: Paffarini Jacopo
Published: January 2017

La complessità delle relazioni di potere è ascrivibile a molte opere di Machado de Assis, attraverso i suoi scritti si accede ad un ritratto della società carioca in un’epoca in cui lo Stato brasiliano era ancora alla ricerca di un definitivo assetto istituzionale. La posizione di Machado de Assis acquista in questo senso un duplice rilievo per lo studioso europeo: da un lato, costituisce una testimonianza delle tensioni sviluppatesi intorno ai processi di diffusione oltreoceano del pensiero politico e filosofico del Vecchio Continente; dall’altro, identifica la realtà brasiliana come il prodotto di questa contraddizione tra l’arcaico e il moderno, tra i canoni antichi e il progresso guidato dell’ambizione individuale.