bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities and their rhythmic interactions in male cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Yu Meiling , Lu Yong , Gao Changshan , Sun Ruxue , Zhang Wanying , Nie Yanhong , Bian Xinyan , Liu Zongping , Sun Qiang
Published: September 2024

The circadian oscillation of gut microbiota plays vital roles in the normal physiology and health of the host. Although the diurnal oscillation of intestinal bacteria has been extensively studied, little relevant work has been done on intestinal fungi. Besides, the rhythmic correlations between bacterial and fungal microbes are also scarcely reported. Here, we investigated the diurnal oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. As for bacterial genera, we found that the relative abundance of
Prevotella
, norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and
Peptococcus
underwent significant changes at ZT12 (19:00) and exhibited obvious rhythmic oscillations. Consequently, most of the bacterial functions varied at ZT12 and were positively correlated with the bacterial genera norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and
Prevotella
. Among the fungal genera, the relative abundance of
Aspergillus
and
Talaromyces
decreased at ZT18 (1:00) and showed slight rhythmic oscillations. As for the fungal function, the undefined saprotroph showed slight rhythmic oscillation and was positively correlated with the fungal genus
Aspergillus
. Notably, we characterized the correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi every 6 h over the course of a day and found that the bacterial and fungal microbes interacted closely, with the most bacteria–fungi interactions occurring at ZT12. Our study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the diurnal oscillation patterns of bacterial and fungal microbes in male cynomolgus monkeys and uncovered their correlations during a diurnal cycle.

IMPORTANCE

The rhythmic oscillation of gut microbiota can impact the physiology activity and disease susceptibility of the host. Until now, most of the studies are focused on bacterial microbes, ignoring other components of gut microbes, such as fungal microbes (mycobiota). Besides, only few studies have addressed the rhythmic correlations between gut bacteria and fungi. Here, we analyzed the rhythmic oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Apart from identifying the rhythmically oscillated bacterial and fungal microbes, we conducted the correlation analysis between these two microbial communities and found that the intestinal bacteria and fungi exhibited close interactions rhythmically, with the most interactions occurring at ZT12. Thus, our study not only investigated the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys but also uncovered their rhythmic interactions.
Global prevalence, trend and projection of myopia in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2050: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Jinghong , Pu Yingqi , Chen Jiaqi , Liu Meiling , Ouyang Bowen , Jin Zhengge , Ge Wenxin , Wu Zhuowen , Yang Xiuzhi , Qin Chunsong , Wang Cong , Huang Shan , Jiang Nan , Hu Lixin , Zhang Yushan , Gui Zhaohuan , Pu Xueya , Huang Shaoyi , Chen Yajun
Published: September 2024

Background

Myopia is a pervasive global public health concern, particularly among the younger population. However, the escalating prevalence of myopia remains uncertain. Hence, our research aims to ascertain the global and regional prevalence of myopia, along with its occurrence within specific demographic groups.

Methods

An exhaustive literature search was performed on several databases covering the period from their inception to 27 June 2023. The global prevalence of myopia was determined by employing pooled estimates with a 95% CI, and further analysis was conducted to assess variations in prevalence estimates across different subgroups. Additionally, a time series model was utilised to forecast and fit accurately the future prevalence of myopia for the next three decades.

Results

This study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of 276 studies, involving a total of 5 410 945 participants from 50 countries across all six continents. The findings revealed a gradual increase in pooled prevalence of myopia, ranging from 24.32% (95% CI 15.23% to 33.40%) to 35.81% (95% CI 31.70% to 39.91%), observed from 1990 to 2023, and projections indicate that this prevalence is expected to reach 36.59% in 2040 and 39.80% in 2050. Notably, individuals residing in East Asia (35.22%) or in urban areas (28.55%), female gender (33.57%), adolescents (47.00%), and high school students (45.71%) exhibit a higher proportion of myopia prevalence.

Conclusion

The global prevalence of childhood myopia is substantial, affecting approximately one-third of children and adolescents, with notable variations in prevalence across different demographic groups. It is anticipated that the global incidence of myopia will exceed 740 million cases by 2050.
Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
Authors: Liang Tao , Dehghan Mahlagha , Soltanmoradi Yaser , Chukwuere Precious Chibuike , Pakdaman Hassan , khaloobagheri Elham , Kahnooji Mahmood , Seyedbagheri Seyedhamid , Zakeri Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2024

Background

In late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of both children and parents. This study investigates the relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress and depression, and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life (CHQol) and externalised behavioural disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that included 396 parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Sampling was done by designing an online questionnaire that was distributed on social media (WhatsApp and Telegram and native social media, such as Eitaa, Soroush and E-Gap). Inclusion criteria were all citizens living in rural and urban areas of Rafsanjan, citizens living in Rafsanjan city for 1 year and having children aged 6–18 years old. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, CHQol and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to collect data.

Results

We found a positive significant correlation between anxiety (r=0.334), stress (r=0.354), depression (r=0.324) and externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). Depression and anxiety predicted 22% of the variance of the CHQol (p<0.001) while age, stress, use of masks and gloves to prevent infection, and anxiety predicted 19% of the variance of externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Parents experienced high levels of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak, which can be associated with behavioural disorders in their children and negatively impact their health. Therefore, it is crucial to pay more attention to the mental state of parents and its complications for children.
Identifying serious underlying diagnoses among patients with brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs): a Canadian cohort study
Authors: Nama Nassr , Lee Zerlyn , Picco Kara , Jin Falla , Bone Jeffrey N , Quet Julie , Foulds Jessica , Gagnon Josée Anne , Novak Chris , Parisien Brigitte , Donlan Matthew , Goldman Ran D , Sehgal Anupam , Kanani Ronik , Holland Joanna , Kyrychenko Polina , Kirolos Nardin , Opotchanova Ioulia , Harnois Émilie , Schacter Alyse , Frizon-Peresa Elisa , Rajasegaran Praveen , Hosseini Parnian , Wyslobicky Melody , Akbaroghli Susan , Nalan Prathiksha , Mahant Sanjay , Tieder Joel , Gill Peter
Published: September 2024

Objective

To describe the demographics and clinical outcomes of infants with brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE).

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

11 centres within the Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network.

Patients

Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) following a BRUE (2017–2021) were eligible, when no clinical cause identified after a thorough history and physical examination.

Main outcome measures

Serious underlying diagnosis (requiring prompt identification) and event recurrence (within 90 days).

Results

Of 1042 eligible patients, 665 were hospitalised (63.8%), with a median stay of 1.73 days. Diagnostic tests were performed on 855 patients (82.1%), and 440 (42.2%) received specialist consultations. In total, 977 patients (93.8%) were categorised as higher risk BRUE per the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Most patients (n=551, 52.9%) lacked an explanatory diagnosis; however, serious underlying diagnoses were identified in 7.6% (n=79). Epilepsy/infantile spasms were the most common serious underlying diagnoses (2.0%, n=21). Gastro-oesophageal reflux was the most common non-serious underlying diagnosis identified in 268 otherwise healthy and thriving infants (25.7%). No instances of invasive bacterial infections, arrhythmias or metabolic disorders were found. Recurrent events were observed in 113 patients (10.8%) during the index visit, and 65 patients had a return to ED visit related to a recurrent event (6.2%). One death occurred within 90 days.

Conclusions

There is a low risk for a serious underlying diagnosis, where the majority of patients remain without a clear explanation. This study provides evidence-based risk for adverse outcomes, critical information to be used when engaging in shared decision-making with caregivers.
Motor vehicle crash risk after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Staples John A , Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Robinson Isaac , Khan Mayesha , Erdelyi Shannon , Hawkins Nathaniel M , Chan Herbert , Steinberg Christian , Chakrabarti Santabhanu , Krahn Andrew D , Brubacher Jeffrey R
Published: September 2024

Background

Limited empirical evidence informs driving restrictions after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. We sought to evaluate real-world motor vehicle crash risks after ICD implantation.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using 22 years of population-based health and driving data from British Columbia, Canada (2019 population: 5 million). Individuals with a first ICD implantation between 1997 and 2019 were age and sex matched to three controls. The primary outcome was involvement as a driver in a crash that was attended by police or that resulted in an insurance claim. We used survival analysis to compare crash risk in the first 6 months after ICD implantation to crash risk during a corresponding 6-month interval among controls.

Results

A crash occurred prior to a censoring event for 296 of 9373 individuals with ICDs and for 1077 of 28 119 controls, suggesting ICD implantation was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent crash (crude incidence rate, 8.5 vs 10.5 crashes per 100 person-years; adjusted HR (aHR), 0.71; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.83; p<0.001). Results were similar after stratification by primary versus secondary prevention ICD. Relative to controls, ICD patients had more traffic contraventions in the 3 years prior to ICD implantation but fewer contraventions in the 6 months after implantation, suggesting individuals reduced their road exposure (hours or miles driven per week) or drove more conservatively after ICD implantation.

Conclusions

Crash risk is lower in the 6 months after ICD implantation than among matched controls, likely because individuals reduced their road exposure in order to comply with contemporary postimplantation driving restrictions. Policymakers might consider liberalisation of postimplantation driving restrictions while monitoring crash rates.
Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on the host response in severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Reijnders Tom D Y , Laterre Pierre-François , François Bruno , Sánchez García Miguel , van Engelen Tjitske S R , Sie Daoud , Scicluna Brendon P , Ostanin Dmitry V , Galinsky Kevin J , Butler Joe M , Lombardo Eleuterio , van der Poll Tom
Published: September 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immune regulatory properties that may ameliorate pathophysiological processes in sepsis. We determined the effect of allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs (Cx611) on the host response during sepsis due to community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) by measuring 29 plasma biomarkers and blood transcriptomes at six time points in 82 patients randomised to two intravenous infusions of Cx611 or placebo. Cx611 treatment enhanced several endothelial cell and procoagulant response plasma biomarkers, and led to increased expression of pathways related to innate immunity, haemostasis and apoptosis. Cx611 infusion in sepsis due to CABP is associated with broad host response alterations.
Canada's contributions to RNA research: past, present, and future perspectives
Authors: Lécuyer Eric , Sauvageau Martin , Kothe Ute , Unrau Peter J. , Damha Masad J. , Perreault Jonathan , Abou Elela Sherif , Bayfield Mark A. , Claycomb Julie M. , Scott Michelle S.
Published: September 2024

The field of RNA research has provided profound insights into the basic mechanisms modulating the function and adaption of biological systems. RNA has also been at the center stage in the development of transformative biotechnological and medical applications, perhaps most notably was the advent of mRNA vaccines that were critical in helping humanity through the Covid-19 pandemic. Unbeknownst to many, Canada boasts a diverse community of RNA scientists, spanning multiple disciplines and locations, whose cutting-edge research has established a rich track record of contributions across various aspects of RNA science over many decades. Through this position paper, we seek to highlight key contributions made by Canadian investigators to the RNA field, via both thematic and historical viewpoints. We also discuss initiatives underway to organize and enhance the impact of the Canadian RNA research community, particularly focusing on the creation of the not-for-profit organization RNA Canada ARN. Considering the strategic importance of RNA research in biology and medicine, and its considerable potential to help address major challenges facing humanity, sustained support of this sector will be critical to help Canadian scientists play key roles in the ongoing RNA revolution and the many benefits this could bring about to Canada.
The influence of pipeline–backfill–trench interaction on pipeline response to ice gouging: a numerical investigation
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Alireza , Dong Xiaoyu , Shiri Hodjat
Published: September 2024

Ice gouging is a destructive incident to subsea pipelines in Arctic regions. Trenching and backfilling is a cost-effective solution to physically protect the pipeline against ice gouging. Ice gouging imposes a complex combination of stresses and strains through the soil medium, the pipeline, and the interface. Remolded backfill materials with considerably less stiffness than native soil result in more complexity in soil failure mechanisms and pipe trajectories. However, this critical aspect is less explored in the literature on ice gouges. This paper investigated the influences of pipeline–backfill–trench interaction on the soil failure mechanisms and the pipeline responses by coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method. Two model configurations (shallowly buried and deeply buried pipeline) were set up to investigate the influence of trenching/backfilling, as well as pipe burial depth. Incorporation of the strain rate dependency and strain-softening effects in the soil constitutive model involved the development of a user-defined subroutine and incremental update of the undrained shear strength within the Abaqus software. The research findings indicate that the conventional approach of assuming uniform seabed soil for trenched and backfilled pipelines may not accurately capture the pipeline behavior and soil failure mechanisms.
The long-term effects of the Lacey Act Amendment on high-risk timber species: insights from 15 years of interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Pokharel Mandira , Wagner John E. , Germain René H.
Published: September 2024

Despite comprising a small portion of US wood consumption, tropical hardwoods like Keruing and Meranti are highly valued for their aesthetic and physical properties. However, their sustainability is threatened by illegal logging and over-harvesting, compounded by the use of generic names that obscure species identities, complicating trade monitoring and regulation. Enacted in May 2008, the Lacey Act Amendment (LAA) aims to ensure the legality of plant and plant product sourcing in the US. This study evaluates the LAA’s impact on the import of these tropical hardwoods from Indonesia and Malaysia, hypothesizing that the amendment has curtailed illegal imports, thereby reducing import volumes and increasing prices. Using data from 1990 to 2023, we employed (i) intervention multiple regression analysis with autoregressive error and (ii) intervention auto-regressive integrated moving average models with step transfer function to analyze changes in import trends. Findings indicate that while LAA has significantly impacted import trends as anticipated, the effects are complex and evolving over time, highlighting the need for ongoing regulation analysis and enforcement monitoring. This research underscores the critical role of targeted legal frameworks in promoting sustainable trade practices and conservation, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to combat exploitative and illegal logging globally.
Bionic Conventional Deep Learning Model-Based Optimal Routing in Opportunistic IOT Networks
Authors: Gopinathan S. , Babu S.
Published: September 2024

Opportunistic Network (OppNet) IoT is a subsection of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) in which the connection between nodes is not regulated. In MANET, the message is transmitted to the destination with the known routing path, whereas OppNet can transmit data without having a predefined path for data transmission. Estimating the path between sources and destinations is complicated due to the lack of infrastructure and the frequently changing environment. In this research, efficient routing with the detection or classification of nodes is accomplished with a multi-hop routing-based deep learning model. The EPRoPHET routing algorithm is based on a deep learning strategy in which the energy-efficient routing decision is made based on node classification. The deep learning model optimized deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is utilized to classify reliable and unreliable nodes based on their ability to deliver the message. The hyperparameters used in the DCNN are updated with the Bird Swarm bionic Model (BSBM). Information, such as node movement, location, distance between nodes, and energy status, is considered when estimating the delivery probability. The decision about the forwarder node is taken with the memory of individual nodes and the previous routing information. The performance of a proposed approach is evaluated and compared with the existing state-of-the-art approaches. For 150 nodes, the proposed model achieved a better delivery probability of 0.96, an overhead ratio of 15.6, a latency of 4,100[Formula: see text]ms and an energy consumption of 37.5[Formula: see text]J, respectively. The higher performance obtained with the EPRoPHET routing algorithm represents the efficiency of a proposed approach.
Vocabulary-Enhanced Named Entity Recognition and its Application on Distribution Network Maintenance
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Pei , Yang Xu-Chun , Luo Hui , Jiang Xiong-Yong , Luo Kai-Yang , Tan Yu-Ting
Published: September 2024

Named entity recognition is a crucial task in natural language processing, serving downstream tasks such as information extraction and question-answering systems. With the success of Transformer in the field of natural language processing, named entity recognition has made significant strides. However, despite these advancements, the recognition capability in specialized domains remains challenging. The distribution network system contains a vast amount of equipment maintenance text, characterized by inherent complexity and specialization, lacking effective recognition and extraction methods. To address this issue, we propose a vocabulary-enhanced named entity recognition method. Unlike the original named entity recognition methods, we employ a vocabulary adapter to enhance the understanding of text semantic information by integrating matching information between the dictionary and the text. This method strengthens the ability to extract specialized nouns. In conjunction with the TaCL-BERT pre-trained model, we conducted training on our self-constructed distribution network maintenance dataset, GNP-M, to better align the model with the context and specific entities of the electrical grid maintenance domain. Simultaneously, we compared our method with four other named entity recognition models, revealing satisfactory performance results.
A Convolution Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm-Based Abnormity Detection Model for Cyber Attacks
Authors: Wang Fang , Yu Kan , Yang Lei
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of the Internet and network technology, network security has become increasingly prominent. Regarding the important issue of network attack detection, traditional methods often find it difficult to effectively capture and identify new types of network attack behaviors, while models based on deep learning and evolutionary algorithms are considered to better adapt to complex and ever-changing network attack environments. This paper aims to explore how to combine convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and genetic algorithm (GA) to construct an efficient network attack detection model and improve the ability of network security defense. First, the convolutional autoencoder is used to effectively learn the feature representation of network data, and combined with hierarchical attention mechanism, appropriate weights are assigned to classification tasks under different features and feature fusion is performed. Using GA to adaptively optimize random forest and improve its performance and robustness in network attack detection. Ultimately, achieving better network security protection results and effectively preventing and combating various network security threats. And conduct experimental verification on multiple datasets and compare with other benchmark methods. The results show that the model has achieved significant improvement in the detection of text network attacks, and can more effectively classify various types of attacks, bringing new technological breakthroughs and application prospects for network attack detection. It will also provide new ideas and methods for the further development of network security, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of network systems.
Temporal Pound–Rebka experiment as gravitational Aharonov–Bohm effect
Authors: Chiao R. Y. , Inan N. A. , Singleton D. A. , Tobar M. E.
Published: September 2024

One of the classical tests of general relativity is the precision measurements by Pound and Rebka of red-shift/blue-shift of photons in a gravitational field. In this essay, we lay out a temporal version of the Pound–Rebka experiment. The emission and absorption of photons occurs at different times, rather than at different spatial locations as in the original Pound–Rebka experiment. This temporal Pound–Rebka experiment is equivalent to a gravitational Aharonov–Bohm Effect and is testable via current or near future satellite experiments.
Infrared gravity and a celestial obstruction to monogamy constraints
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Arzano Michele
Published: September 2024

We argue that gravitational interactions between particles require a departure from the conventional picture of the quantum state of a multiparticle system in terms of tensor products of one-particle states. This modification is essential in order to accommodate the existence of a new boost-like relativistic angular momentum charge which pairs of particles must carry asymptotically due to long-range effects of gravity. These findings challenge conventional assumptions, prompting a re-evaluation of the constraints on quantum entanglement between particle subsystems in a black hole geometry.

Honorable Mention in the 2024 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition
Black hole horizons must be veiled by photon spheres
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Eichhorn Astrid
Published: September 2024

Horizons and bound photon orbits are defining features of black holes that translate into key features of black hole images. We review a purely geometric proof that spherically symmetric, isolated objects with horizons in gravity theories with null-geodesic propagation of light must display bound photon orbits forming a photon sphere. Identifying the key elements of the proof, we articulate a simpler argument that carries over to more general situations with modified light propagation and implies the existence of equatorial spherical photon orbits in axisymmetric spacetimes with reflection symmetry. We conclude that the non-observation of photon rings with very-large-baseline interferometry would be a very strong indication against a horizon, irrespective of whether or not the image shows a central brightness depression.
Hubble tension in power-law f(R) gravity and generalized Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Bisabr Yousef
Published: September 2024

We introduce a theoretical framework to alleviate the Hubble tension. This framework is based on dynamics of a minimally coupled scalar field which either belongs to the Brans–Dicke theory with a self-interacting potential or is the scalar partner of [Formula: see text] gravity. These two theories are dynamically equivalent when the Brans–Dicke parameter is zero. We will use the dynamical equivalence to interpret the Hubble tension in the same theoretical framework. For both theories, we write one set of field equations in which the value of a parameter distinguishes between the two theories. We will show that [Formula: see text] actually evolves with redshift so that its value is consistent with that measured from the local distance ladder and then drops to the value measured from CMB at high redshift. We argue that even though both theories exhibit this behavior, Brans–Dicke theory with an exponential potential is more successful than power-law [Formula: see text] gravity to relieve the Hubble tension.
Exact solution of the Klein–Gordon oscillator in wormhole spacetime with Heun polynomial
Authors: de Oliveira M. D. , Schmidt Alexandre G. M.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the relativistic harmonic oscillator in the Ellis–Bronnikov-type wormhole spacetime with a global monopole and cosmic string. We obtain the angular and radial wave functions exactly as well as the eigenenergies. Additionally, the radial wave function is expressed in terms of Heun polynomial, and as a consequence, the oscillation frequency is quantized. Finally, we graphically analyze the influence of the wormhole, as well as the influence of the global monopole and cosmic string on the radial probability density and the eigenenergies.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GUM ARABIC-COATED Mn-DOPED CuS NANOPRISMS
Authors: MUHSEN MUSTAFA M. , AL-JAWAD SELMA M. H. , TAHA ALI A.
Published: September 2024

Novel nanoprism-shaped manganese-doped copper sulfide (Mn–CuS) was fabricated by two-phase colloidal method (Mn percentages = 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%). The Mn–CuS was analyzed by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis spectrometer, and TEM. The XRD shows that the hexagonal covellite copper sulfide peaks appeared at 2[Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% respectively, and orthorhombic chalcocite copper sulfide appeared at the peaks that are corresponding the planes (412), (275), (029) and (106). According to UV–Vis analysis, the optical absorption of manganese-doped copper sulfide 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% clearly appeared in the UV–Vis region at 518, 440, 478, and 477[Formula: see text]nm respectively, and there are broad peaks for localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) of CuS located at 970, 1061, 1002, and 1006[Formula: see text]nm for Mn–CuS 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The favored nanoprism-shaped sample (manganese-doped copper sulfide 1%) was coated with gum Arabic (GA) in order to decrease the cytotoxicity and enhance the biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of manganese-doped copper sulfide and GA@Mn–CuS 1% nanostructure toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria was determined by inhibition zone. It was found that the fabrecated Mn–CuS 1% nanoprisms were more active toward both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and the doping enhanced the antibacterial activity.
INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL AND CORROSION PROPERTIES IN TIG WELDING OF DSS AND HSLA
Authors: SURESH R. , KANDAVEL V. , SANTHOSH PRAKASH A. , SOMASUNDARAM K.
Published: September 2024

Dissimilar welding of duplex stainless steel (DSS) with high-strength low alloy (HSLA) was more complicated since they were utilized in automotive and aerospace design, which needed components with lower weight, higher tensile strength (TS), hardness, corrosion resistance. In this research paper, the main objective was to establish a gas tungsten arc welding process, on a [Formula: see text] angle double groove on both sides of DSS and HSLA, using three different filler metals ER2594, ER70S2 and ER304. The welded surfaces of the specimens were analyzed to assess the microstructural characterization using SEM and Edax, and they were also tested to determine their mechanical and corrosion characteristics. In comparison to microstructural characterization, Mn and Si combination decreased the surface defects in the weldment made by ER2594. The determination of mechanical properties revealed that specimen A produced by ER2594 was superior to other specimens B and C, in terms of yield stress, TS and hardness. Similarly, improved corrosion resistance was achieved by the larger presence of Cr along with Ni in ER2594. In the welded joint, Ni combined with an appropriate proportion of other alloying elements in ER2594 enabled effective control over the ferrite-austenite phase balance, which was crucial for achieving the necessary combination of properties and weldability designed for particular applications. Among the three filler metals, ER2594 showed better microstructure uniformity, enhanced TS, hardness and superior corrosion resistance.
THE INFLUENCE OF PREHEATING TEMPERATURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LASER-CLAD Ni-BASED COMPOSITE COATINGS CONTAINING (Ti, V)C
Authors: ZE SUN , HANGUANG FU , JINGBING ZHANG , JIAN LIN
Published: September 2024

Ni-based composite coatings containing transition metal carbides exhibit high hardness, and the rapid heating and cooling characteristics of laser cladding lead to the formation of cracks in these coatings, significantly limiting their practical industrial applications. In this study, (Ti, V)C/Ni composite coatings were prepared at different preheating temperatures to investigate the effect of preheating on crack formation. The microstructure of the coatings was investigated by XRD, OM, and SEM, and the differences in wear resistance were studied by block-on-ring wear tests. The results show that with increasing preheating temperature, the residual stress in the coatings decreases significantly, the secondary dendrite arm spacing increases, and the number of cracks decreases. No crack defects were observed in the coating preheated at [Formula: see text]C, indicating that substrate preheating can effectively suppress crack formation during the laser cladding process. Compared with the coating prepared without preheating, the hardness and wear resistance of the coating prepared by preheating at [Formula: see text]C were reduced, which was still 5.6% higher than that of the substrate after quenching, and the wear resistance was 1.76 times higher than that of the substrate.
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites: A review
Authors: Tamgadge Y. S. , Gedam P. P. , Mendhe G. S. , Ganorkar R. P. , Muley G. G.
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the vibrant field of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites. It includes a historic introduction which discusses the birth and successive developments of NLO. An attempt is made to give a summary in a nutshell about the basic concepts of nonlinear optics and different NLO phenomena with special attention to third-order phenomenon and [Formula: see text]-scan technique. The review also touches on the topic of science and technology of metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites, various synthesis processes that include co-precipitation, micro-emulsion, sol–gel route, etc. have been discussed. Metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites are introduced with a deep focus on the origin of various physical mechanisms and optical properties. The origin of NLO properties from these important structures has also been discussed. Some recently studied metal oxide nanocomposites along with their NLO coefficients are also given.
A HIERARCHICAL ROUTING OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY ON DUAL-LAYER NETWORK
Authors: MA JINLONG , ZHOU LEI , XIN JIAHUI , WANG JIANCHAO
Published: September 2024

The research on efficient routing strategies holds paramount importance in mitigating network congestion and enhancing the transmission capacity of complex networks. A Hierarchical Routing Optimization (HRO) strategy is proposed for dual-layer networks featuring both logical and physical layer structures. This strategy employs distinct methods for packet transmission at the logical and physical layers to optimize the utilization of network resources. Comparison with the improved static-weighted routing strategy (ISWR) and the improved effective routing strategy (IER) involves analyzing the relationship between the transmission capacity of the dual-layer network and the coupling method under these three routing strategies. This analysis aims to determine the optimal coupling method for the routing strategy, thereby enhancing overall network capacity. The simulation results reveal that the random coupling method proves most effective when employing the ISWR strategy, the assortative coupling method excels with the IER strategy, and the dissortative coupling method stands out when implementing the HRO strategy. In evaluating the ISWR strategy, IER strategy, and HRO strategy, it becomes evident that the HRO strategy substantially amplifies the transmission capacity of the dual-layer network. Furthermore, the HRO strategy exhibits heightened robustness against both random and deliberate attacks compared to the IER strategy.
BOUNDED CONFIDENCE MODEL ON GROWING POPULATIONS
Authors: GANDICA YÉRALI , DEFFUANT GUILLAUME
Published: September 2024

This paper studies the bounded confidence model on growing fully-mixed populations. In this model, in addition to the usual opinion clusters, significant secondary clusters of smaller size appear systematically, while those secondary clusters appear erratically and include much fewer agents when the population is fixed. Through simulations, we derive the bifurcation diagram of the growing population model and compare it to the diagram obtained with an evolving probability density instead of agents, and with their equivalent having a fixed population. Our tests, when changing the usual bounded confidence function into a smooth bounded confidence function, suggest that these secondary clusters are mainly generated by a different mechanism when the population is growing than when it is fixed.
Theory and algorithm for domain adaptation
Authors: Chen Na , Zhu Deliang , Huang Yi , Ning Yujie , Peng Jiangtao , Sun Weiwei
Published: September 2024

Domain adaptation is an important subfield of transfer learning, it has been successfully applied in many applications of machine learning. Recently, significant theoretical and algorithmic advances have been achieved in domain adaptation. The theoretical analyses for domain adaptation are based on VC dimension and Rademacher complexity. There are also some covering number-based results, but most of these bounds are based on the results of Rademacher complexity, indirectly given by the relationship between covering number and Rademacher complexity. In this paper, we propose a theoretical analysis framework for domain adaptation, thus the error bound can be derived directly by covering number, which is an effective method for analyzing the generalization error in statistical learning theory. We derive generalization error bound for domain adaptation with a class of loss functions satisfying the assumptions. We also propose a mixup contrastive adversarial network for domain adaptation by introducing a mixup module for enhancing the alignment of the source and target domains during domain transfer, and a contrastive learning module for solving class-level alignment after domain transfer. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the property of the theoretical results.
Quantitative evaluation of intensity fidelity of super-resolution reconstruction for structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Tang Yujun , Wang Linbo , Wen Gang , Li Hui
Published: September 2024

Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) relies heavily on post-processing reconstruction to obtain high-quality SR images from raw data. Although many SIM reconstruction algorithms have been developed to recover fine cellular structures with high fidelity even from the noisy data, whether the pixel intensities of reconstructed SR images are still proportional to the original fluorescence intensity has been less explored. The linearity between the intensity before and after reconstruction is defined as the intensity fidelity. Here, we proposed a method to evaluate the reconstructed SR image intensity fidelity at different spatial frequencies. With the proposed metric, we systematically investigated the impact of the key factors on the intensity fidelity in the standard Wiener-SIM reconstructions with simulated data, then evaluated the intensity fidelity of the SR images reconstructed by representative open-source packages. Our work provides a reference for SR-SIM image intensity fidelity improvement.
Cysteine assisted synthesis of Bi2S3/BiOBr nanocomposites for photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B
Authors: Yang Zheng , Li Jing , Li Xiaonan , Liu Nian , Gao Xinrui , Hu Liqun , Yang Wei , Wu Hai , Fan Suhua
Published: September 2024

Novel Bi2S3/BiOBr nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via L-Cysteine-assisted hydrothermal avenue as efficient photocatalysts to degrade rhodamine B (RhB). As a result, the obtained Bi2S3/BiOBr NCs exhibited the slice-like microstructure with the average diameters of ca. 100 nm. The elemental analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the nanocomposites were combined by Bi2S3 and BiOBr. Then, the photo-induced degradation of RhB was performed with a Xenon lamp to simulate the sunlight ([Formula: see text]> 400 nm) and the photo-decomposition rate was calculated. The following results showed that the Bi2S3/BiOBr NCs possessed excellent photocatalytice performance, which was better than that of other samples as control. Thus, this avenue provides a new reference for the facile synthesis of photocatalysts with low cost and high efficiency.
Intersection non-simple graph of an abelian group
Authors: Hazarika Nepur Ranjan , Barman Bikash , Rajkhowa Kukil Kalpa , Bora Pallabi
Published: September 2024

The intersection non-simple graph, denoted by [Formula: see text], of a finite abelian group [Formula: see text] is an undirected graph whose vertex set is the collection of all proper non-trivial subgroups of [Formula: see text], and any two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if their intersection is not a simple subgroup of [Formula: see text]. We obtain some properties of [Formula: see text] related to connectedness, completeness, degree, and girth. The concepts of bipartiteness, triangle-free, cluster, claw-free and cograph are taken into consideration. We also investigate the clique number, independence number, domination number, and planarity of [Formula: see text].
On double domination numbers of signed complete graphs
Authors: Sehrawat Deepak
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a signed graph with a vertex set [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] is said to be a double dominating set of [Formula: see text] if it satisfies the following conditions: (i) [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text], and (ii) [Formula: see text] is balanced, where [Formula: see text] denotes the closed neighborhood of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the subgraph induced by the edges of [Formula: see text] with one end vertex in [Formula: see text] and the other end vertex in [Formula: see text]. The minimum size among all the double dominating sets of [Formula: see text] is the double domination number [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. In this study, we investigated this parameter for signed complete graphs. We prove that, for [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is a signed complete graph, then [Formula: see text] and these bounds are sharp. Moreover, for all signed complete graphs over [Formula: see text] we determined their possible double domination numbers. Finally, we compute the double domination numbers of all signed complete graphs of orders up to six.
Synthesis of BiFeO3/ZnO heterojunction with enhanced piezocatalytic performance for highly-effective degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Feng Yao , Li Jinhua , Yan Hao
Published: September 2024

In this work, a series of BiFeO3/ZnO composites with varying molar ratio of BiFeO3 to ZnO (Bi:Zn = 2.5:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1) have been synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method and evaluated for their efficiency in rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance. The morphology results reveal that the microsphere-shaped ZnO is dispersed on the surface of the blocky-like BiFeO3, with intimate contact between the two phases. It has been found that the maximum piezocatalytic activity could be achieved at BiFeO3/ZnO molar ratio of 5:1, with a degradation rate up to 92% for RhB. Compared with pure BiFeO3 and ZnO, the composites have superior piezocatalytic degradation performance. The reason for the enhanced piezocatalytic dye degradation rate may be that the BiFeO3/ZnO composites effectively separate the positive and negative charges to reduce the recombination of positive and negative charges. These active species, such as superoxide radicals ([Formula: see text]) in the process of piezocatalytic, are proved on the active species capture experiments. The BiFeO3/ZnO composites have good piezocatalytic degradation performance, which provides an option for collecting vibration energy to degradation dye wastewater in the future.
Unveiling the Impact of Degeneracy in an Isolated Two-Level System: An Undergraduate Problem
Authors: Gupta Anuradha , Jain Deepak
Published: September 2024

The study of isolated two-level systems (e.g. paramagnetic salt) is an integral part of every statistical mechanics coursework at undergraduate level. However, the thermodynamical properties of such a system are usually explained with very brief introduction to the degeneracy associated with the levels. Therefore, in this study, we revisited the macroscopic properties such as entropy, temperature and specific heat of a degenerate two-level system (both symmetric and asymmetric cases). We believe that this simple and analytic calculation may give very useful insight to undergraduate students.
The Philosophical Playing Field of the Book, “The Prospect of a Humanitarian AI”, by Carlos Montemayor
Authors: del Riego Víctor Manuel Peralta
Published: September 2024

The Prospect of Humanitarian Artificial Intelligence (The Prospect of HAI) encapsulates the vast and intricate landscape of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with both theoretical and practical nuances. Carlos Montemayor (Carlos) artfully paints a complex picture, presenting a realm of profound philosophical interest. While abstract, the book navigates the terrain crucial for AGI development, successfully capturing its multifaceted nature. This review focuses on the alignment problem, probing its epistemic and moral dimensions. Imperfect as we are, aligning AGI presents challenges: discerning viable solutions remains uncertain. The epistemic aspect of alignment of the AGI seems to be impossible for the goals Carlos is proposing for the nascent industry of AI. The moral, political, and legal aspects of alignment offer a challenging panorama, mirroring parallels between the Philosophy of AI and theological discourse. Drawing parallels with our experience in moral alignment, especially in guiding children, underscores the idea that this problem is older and more widespread. The Prospect of HAI serves as an inaugural exploration in this realm. Future endeavors should delve deeper into technical intricacies while maintaining a broad philosophical scope. It stands as a compelling precursor to the burgeoning field of philosophy of AI. Carlos should go for the 2nd edition.
Transcriptomic Analysis for Elucidating the Therapeutic Potential of Sitagliptin Against the Identified TOP2A/UBE2C/CKS2 Genes as Mutually Inclusive Theragnostic Signatures of Bladder and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Mughal Muhammad Saad , Aziz Tariq , Makhdoom Syed Izma , Jamil Hamza , Khan Ayaz Ali , Haq Taqweem ul , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. , Alsanie Walaa F. , Alhomrani Majid
Published: September 2024

Bladder and prostate cancers are among the most prevalent malignancies in men, posing challenges in treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the oncogenes TOP2A, UBE2C and CKS2 in the bladder (BLCA) and prostate (PRAD) cancers and assess the potential inhibitory effects of sitagliptin through molecular docking. Microarray datasets from the NCBI–GEO database were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), visualized using volcano plots, UMAP and Venn diagrams. TOP2A, UBE2C and CKS2 expression levels were linked to cancer progression, with mutation and interaction analysis performed using cBioPortal, STRING and GeneMANIA. In silico docking evaluated the binding affinity of sitagliptin, PNU-74654 and Crizotinib. Results showed significant overexpression of TOP2A, UBE2C and CKS2 in advanced stages of BLCA and PRAD, correlating with poorer survival. Sitagliptin exhibited strong binding affinities (-178.98, -125, -112 kcal/mol) to these oncogenes, suggesting its inhibitory potential. PNU-74654 and Crizotinib showed lower binding affinities. This study highlights sitagliptin as a promising therapeutic agent targeting TOP2A, UBE2C and CKS2, with potential to reduce cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. These findings support the development of personalized treatment approaches for bladder and prostate cancer.