bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of flexural wave propagation in a notched bar
Authors: Agafonov A. A. , Izosimova M. Yu. , Zhostkov R. A. , Kokshayskiy A. I. , Korobov A. I. , Odina N. I.
Published: November 2024

The results of numerical modeling and experimental studies of the propagation of flexural elastic waves in a metal notched bar approximates the effect of an acoustic black hole are presented. The sample is a bar with notches, the depth of which increases according to the power law with an exponent equal to (4/3). It has been confirmed experimentally and with the simulation results, that such bars slow down the propagation of an elastic wave to the end of the bar. It is shown in such structures flexural waves have dispersion and their localization at the end of the bar is higher for some natural frequencies than that of a solid rod. The natural oscillations of the whole and notched bars are compared, i.e. the shape of the amplitude of the flexural wave along the rods. The dependence of the flexural wave length in a notched bar on the frequency is investigated as a wave propagates to the end of the bar.
Interference of echo-signals from spherical scatterers located near the seabed
Authors: Grigorieva N. S. , Legusha F. F. , Safronov K. S.
Published: November 2024

The paper investigates the impact of the seabed on the echo signal from spherical scatterers. The seabed is modeled as a liquid absorbing half-space. The transmitter/receiver is located in the water half-space. The distance between the transmitter/receiver and the scatterer is assumed to be large compared to the wavelengths of acoustic waves in water and the seafloor. Numerical results are obtained for acoustically rigid spherical scatterers of the same radius. Interaction between the scatterers is not taken into account. The echo signal from a single sphere over a wide frequency range is computed using a method proposed by R.H. Hackman and G.S. Sammelmann, with a crucial step being the computation of the scattering coefficients of the sphere. Asymptotic formulae obtained using the saddle-point method are used in the paper to compute these coefficients. The obtained asymptotic expressions for the scattering coefficients of the sphere significantly reduce the number of summands in the formula for the form function of the echo signal.
Investigation of the spatial distribution of deformations in quartz piezo elements by x-ray topography
Authors: Ibragimov E. S. , Pilyak F. S. , Kulikov A. G. , Marchenkov N. V. , Pisarevsky Y. V. , Kaloyan A. A. , Pershin Y. A. , Glazunova Y. A. , Demin S. A. , Yuzhalkin A. S. , Pashkov S. S. , Cherpukhina G. N.
Published: November 2024

Using X-ray topography on laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources, the distribution of deformations in the volume of two types of AT-cut quartz resonators of different sizes were obtained. From a comparison of X-ray data and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the resonators, a correlation between the deformation patterns and the features of oscillatory processes for operating modes and their harmonics, as well as for parasitic modes, was established. A connection between oscillations in parasitic modes, which manifest themselves in the amplitude inhomogeneity, and the topology of the resonators is found. The applied significance of the obtained results for the development and optimization of new designs of piezoelectric elements and the development of their manufacturing technology is noted.
Chuprov invariant for vector-scalar fields of multipole sources in a shallow sea
Authors: Kuznetsov G. N. , Stepanov A. N.
Published: November 2024

A computational and theoretical study of the properties of the well-known waveguide invariant S.D. Chuprova (IC) was carried out in a plane-parallel Pekeris waveguide. Unlike earlier works, in which predominantly non-directional (monopole) sources were used as a source, and sound pressure fields (scalar fields) were studied, in this work not only scalar, but also vector fields formed in the waveguide by directional - combined multipole sources with directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes. A differential equation has been obtained that makes it possible to fairly accurately calculate the IC values under different conditions of signal propagation and different depths of sources and receivers. This makes it possible, in a simpler way than “full computer modeling,” to predict the invariance (stability) of the IC when varying both the hydrophysical conditions in the waveguide and the geometry of the experiment. It is shown that the directionality of sources in the horizontal plane has virtually no effect on the properties of the IC, and the directionality in the vertical plane leads to a shift in the fan structure of the signal amplitude fields, but has little effect on the IC values. The properties of the fan structure change in a similar way when using vertical projections of the oscillatory velocity vector - despite the fact that another analytical relation, different from scalar fields, is used to calculate the IC, the IC value is close to (+1) at all frequencies and distances, except those at which new modes or dislocations arise. At these frequencies and in these zones, alternating emissions with different signs and magnitudes occur. It is concluded that the stability of IC allows the application of signal processing algorithms developed for scalar fields and non-directional sources to vector-scalar fields generated, including using directional sources.
Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of adaptive spatial processing algorithms in searching for low-noise underwater vehicles in surface shipping conditions of different density
Authors: Mashoshin A. I. , Melkanovich V. S.
Published: November 2024

The article describes the methodology and provides the results of a model quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of solving the problem of detecting and tracking a low-noise underwater object using three algorithms for spatial signal processing at the output of a multi-element antenna — the non-adaptive Bartlett algorithm, the Capon algorithm, and the Capon algorithm combined with a projection procedure limiting the signal power of strong local sources.
Analysis of aeroacoustic characteristics of a supersonic jet at designed conditions based on numerical simulation
Authors: Bychkov O. P. , Mironyuk I. Yu. , Solntsev I. A. , Faranosov G. A. , Yudin M. A.
Published: November 2024

The work is devoted to the numerical simulation of aeroacoustic characteristics of a supersonic jet issuing from a Laval nozzle at the design Mach number M=2. The results of the large-eddy simulations (LES) are presented. Characteristics of mean jet flow and its fluctuations, as well as the characteristics of the far-field jet noise, including its azimuthal content, are obtained. The results of the simulation are compared with experimental data and their acceptable agreement is shown. It is concluded that there are various noise generation mechanisms in the considered jet.
Features of propagation in the atmosphere of nonlinear acoustic disturbances from pulse sources
Authors: Kosyakov S. I. , Kulichkov S. N. , Mishenin A. A. , Golikova E. V.
Published: November 2024

The features of the propagation of nonlinear pulsed acoustic disturbances in the atmosphere are considered. Data are presented on the experimental observation of the formation of a shock front and the transition of a shock wave into a low-intensity acoustic wave with transformation of the pulse shape and expansion of the front at distances of more than 1000 km under conditions of both spherical and cylindrical propagation. The influence of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability during rapid gas compression on the formation of the shock front structure is discussed. Under atmospheric conditions, such instability significantly affects dissipative processes in the air and forms the front of a nonlinear wave.
Optimization of dissipative mufflers
Authors: Komkin A. I. , Bykov A. I. , Karnaukhova L. S.
Published: November 2024

The method of selecting the configuration of dissipative mufflers with the required acoustic efficiency is considered. The peculiarity of the considered approach is the use of an integral indicator of acoustic efficiency and dimensionless geometric parameters. The studies were carried out using finite element calculations. In the finite element model of a dissipative mufflers, acoustic characteristics of a fibrous sound-absorbing material obtained from experimental studies were used.
Recognition and classification of noise signals by dolphins under conditions of noise interference and spatial uncertainty of their simultaneous presentation
Authors: Akhi A. V.
Published: November 2024

The ability of dolphin`s auditory system to recognize and classify noise signals according to certain invariant features under the influence of noise interference and spatial uncertainty of their simultaneous presentation was studied. The bottlenose dolphins trained to differentiate such signals had to solve this problem under conditions simulating real marine ones, when the perception of a useful signal occurs against the background of similar signals and noise interference. First, the noise signals were sequentially presented to the animal against the background of white masking noise. Further the dolphin had to identify a signal of a positive class from several simultaneously sounding sound sources. The efficiency of the animal was evaluated at several given levels of noise interference. In this case, the actual noise interference was both white noise and simultaneously sounding negative signals. It`s shown that the efficiency and noise immunity of dolphin`s auditory system depend on the degree of alternativeness of the spatial uncertainty of the simultaneous presentation of signals.
Recognition of psychoneurological state of children with autism spectrum disorder by features of speech: acoustic and perceptual features
Authors: Nikolaev A. S.
Published: November 2024

The work is devoted to studying of recognition of psychoneurological state of children aged 5–14 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), n = 35, and typically developing (TD) children, n = 45, by adults. A perceptual analysis was carried out, in which adult native speakers of the Russian language (auditors), n = 206, took part. Test sequences (audiotests) with words and phrases of ASD and TD children selected from spontaneous speech recordings were created for perceptual research. Auditors’ task was to determine psychoneurological state of children (typical/atypical development) based on auditory perception. A spectrographic analysis of phrases of children was carried out. Phrases of ASD children in comparison with TD children are characterized by lower speech rate, fewer words, great stressed and unstressed vowel duration, great values of pitch in phrase, word, stressed and unstressed vowel.
An integrated approach to solving the floods problem in the Amur basin
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V. I. , Podolsky S. A.
Published: November 2024

Devastating floods in Russia most often occur in the Amur basin. To protect against these natural disasters, it is planned to build hydroelectric power stations, as their reservoirs are able to intercept part of the flood. Of the possible options for their placement, PJSC “RusHydro” chose the gates in the middle reaches of the Selemdzha and in the lower reaches of the Zeya. The article analyzes the environmental consequences of the construction of two hydroelectric power plants and provides arguments about the unacceptability of these projects. The authors put forward a reasonable opinion that alternative options are environmentally safe and at the same time no more expensive. Focusing on flood protection only through hydraulic engineering will not be able to provide an acceptable solution to the problem, therefore it is necessary to resort to other systemic methods.
Modern approaches to reducing damage from earthquakes
Authors: Shebalin P. N.
Published: November 2024

The experience of the catastrophic earthquake on February 6, 2023 in Turkey reminds us of the need to improve the seismic hazard reduction system in Russia as well. The main protective measure is earthquake-resistant construction based on General Seismic Zoning (GSZ) maps. The current maps, as in global practice, are based on a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Over the 25 years of use in Russia, GSZ maps have generally justified themselves. Errors made, both in the direction of underestimating the hazard in the areas of several strong earthquakes and overestimating the hazard in large areas, were inevitable at the level of data available at the time the maps were created.
The work analyzes the most likely causes of errors in the GSZ-maps, ways to overcome them, argues for the need to introduce a risk-based approach to reduce the total economic damage from earthquakes, including unjustified costs for anti-seismic reinforcement of structures, discusses the different goals of probabilistic and deterministic approaches to assessing seismic hazard.
Numerical Simulation of the Multi-Roller Skew Tandem Rolling of Unequal Wall Thickness Hollow Stepped Shafts
Authors: Huang Yexin , Shu Xuedao , Zhang Song , Cen Zewei , Xu Haijie , Li Zixuan , Xia Yingxiang , Zbigniew Pater , Tomasz Bulzak
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a multi-roll skew rolling forming process to address the slow forming speed of large-section shrinkage for aviation turbine shafts. Using Simufact Forming software, simulations were conducted on the GH4169 turbine shaft blank, analyzing the variations in stress, strain, and temperature fields during the forming process of a hollow shaft component with an initial wall thickness of 6mm. Additionally, we further explored the intrinsic relationship between the initial wall thickness and the depth of the concave center at the end of the workpiece. The results indicate that after multi-field coupling effects, the metal deformation of the workpiece gradually accumulates along the axial direction, reaching a peak after achieving the maximum reduction, while displaying a trend of decreasing from the outside to the inside. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the depth of the concave center at the end of the workpiece and the initial wall thickness; as the amount of metal involved in the deformation increases, the depth of the concave center also intensifies. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for achieving flexible rolling formation of turbine shafts.
PENGARUH MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA CARD THINK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN NUMERASI SISWA DI KELAS III SD
Authors: Pakar Deavani Farida , Nurasiah Iis , Maulana Lutfi Hamdani
Published: November 2024

The research aims to determine the effect of the contextual teaching and learning model with the help of card think media on students' understanding of numeracy in class III in learning mathematics at SD Negeri Dewi Sartika CBM Sukabumi City. The method used is an experiment, namely a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest nonequivalent control group. The research population was class III students at Dewi Sartika CBM Public Elementary School, Sukabumi City, divided into research samples, namely class 3A as the experimental class and class 3B as the control class with the number of each class being 21 students. The data collection technique is in the form of a test, for the data analysis technique used is a two-sample independent T-test. The results obtained for the average posttest score from using the CTL model using card think media was 68.10 and for those who did not use card think media it was 59.90. So the results of hypothesis testing obtained are (0.034<0.05) with a significance level of 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the contextual teaching and learning model assisted by card think media has an influence on students' understanding of numeracy in class III mathematics learning in elementary schools.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 05 GURUNG
Authors: Wibowo Dwi Cahyadi , Suryadi Tedi , Rusdi Rusdi , Firda Margareta
Published: November 2024

This research aims to describe speaking skills in fifth grade elementary school students using the role playing method. This research conducted by qualitative approach through classroom action research. The subjects in this research were fifth grade students at SD Negeri 05 Gurung. Data collection uses observation and interview techniques. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display, and drawing/conclusions. The results of the research stated that speaking skills with the aspects assessed in the test, namely aspects of pronunciation, intonation and vocabulary, after applying the role-playing method in thematic learning increased by an average of 16.7 points from the average in cycle I of 68.3 to 85 at the end cycle II. These results also indicate an increase of 40% in learning completion from 60% of students who completed in cycle I to 100% completion in cycle II. So the use of the role playing method is very suitable as a learning method. Students also responded in the very good category to the use of role playing methods in thematic learning. Thus, the role playing method is able to improve speaking skills in fifth grade elementary school students, and is recommended for use in learning speaking skills.
MANAJEMEN TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN SINTANG
Authors: Parida Lusila , Serani Gabriel , Andri Andri , Dike Daniel
Published: November 2024

The independent curriculum as one of the digital development products developed through the independent learning platform has become a challenge for the education field, including in Sintang Regency. This study aims to describe the management of digital transformation of education in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum (IKM) in Sintang Regency. The research method used is case study research. Data collection techniques aimed of mapping the readiness of schools, teachers, students, parents in utilizing ICT, the Independent Teaching Platform. The results show that digital transformation management of education has been implemented at Elementary Schools in Sintang Regency. In the planning aspect, it is done by mapping priorities in the short, medium and long term. Assessing and analyzing capabilities, requirements, challenges and opportunities related to digital transformation. Building steps and synergy with various related parties to achieve goals. Socializing the program and setting achievement targets in digital transformation management. In terms of implementation, it is to apply the entire series of planning by directing, playing an active role from structural and functional to influence and strive for all stakeholders to be able to implement the digital transformation program in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum effectively and efficiently. Meanwhile, monitoring or evaluation of the digital transformation program is the result of the achievement of the planning and implementation process, namely 65.35% of IKM achievement so that it can be used as a benchmark for success or as a follow-up effort for the program at Elementary Schools in Sintang Regency.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FAN-N-PICK (FNP) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Seran Eliana Yunitha , Relita Dessy Triana , Marganingsih Anna , Herlina Maria
Published: November 2024

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of elementary school students' low social skills and is influenced by internal and external factors. The focus of the study in this research is the use of the Fan-N-Pick learning model in improving students' social skills in social studies learning. This research aims to improve social skills after using the Fan-N-Pick learning model with elementary school students. The research method uses classroom action research, with the subjects of this research being class IV students at SDN 1 Keberak, totaling 24 students. Data collection tools use observation sheets, test sheets, questionnaires and document sheets with data analysis techniques using interactive analysis form. The results of the research show that using the Fan-N-Pick model can improve students' social skills and learning outcomes in theme 7 subtheme 1 with a very good category, improving students' social skills using the Fan-N-Pick model in cycle I, the observation score obtained was 64. 50% and cycle II 85.67%, resulting in an increase of 21.17%. Meanwhile, students' responses to using the Fan-N-Pick model were also very good and received positive responses based on interview results. It was concluded that the Fan-N-Pick learning model can improve elementary school students' social skills in social studies learning.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SCRAPBOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Oktaviani Ursula Dwi , Kurniati Agusta , Yuniki Yuniki
Published: November 2024

This research aims to describe the development of scrapbook learning media to improve the reading skills of second grade elementary school students. The research was carried out using the ADDIE Research and Development model, with stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a total of 63 students. Data collection tools include observation, questionnaires, test questions, and documentation. The trial design uses one group pretest-posttest design. The test subjects were classes IIA, IIB and IIC at SDN 12 Jerora Sintang. The results of media development research and the results of students' reading skills are as follows. (1) The feasibility of the media by media experts was 97% and 93% by material experts was declared to be very feasible criteria and worthy of being tested on students. (2) The results of small group students' reading skills in the pretest class IIB were 23% while the posttest was 86% and in the large group trial in the pretest class IIA 32% while the posttest was 86%, then the pretest class IIC was 27% while the posttest was 82%, from the data the results were obtained. students' reading skills improved significantly. (3) The response of the small group of students in class IIB was 89%, while the large group in class IIA was 93% and in class IIC 92% was categorized as very good.
EDUKASI DAN PELATIHAN KELOMPOK HIPERTENSI TENTANG TERAPI AKUPRESURE PADA TITIK TAICHONG DAN HEGU ACUPOINT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MARTAPURA 1 KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Fratama Ferry fadli , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Apriansyah Fajar
Published: November 2024

World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan bahwa sekitar 26,4% penduduk dunia mengalami hipertensi. Berdasarkan RISKESDAS (2018) menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada penduduk usia 18 tahun adalah 34,1%, tertinggi di Kalimantan Selatan (44,1%), sedangkan terendah di Papua (22,2%). Diperkirakan jumlah kasus hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 63.309.620 orang, sedangkan angka kematian akibat hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 427.218 kematian. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok hipertensi tentang management hipertensi dengan akupresur pada titik taichong dan hegu acupoint. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini terdiri dari dua kegiatan yaitu kegiatan pertama pembentukkan kelompok sehat akupresure dan demontrasi akupresur pada titik thaicong dan hegu acupoint. Hasil pada pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok hipertensi dalam management hipertensi.
Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Karies Dan Periodontal Pada Lansia Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera II Martapura Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Naning Kisworo Utami  , Metty Amperawati  , Siti Sab’atul Habibah  , Mutiara Khairunnisa  , Nabila Shafa Nuraini  , Umi Nurul Fadilah
Published: November 2024

Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dari 34 lansia penderita diabetes mellitus  di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera II Martapura Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, diperoleh hasil dan dari 34 (100%) responden mengalami kehilangan gigi yang disebabkan gigi berlubang dan gigi goyang, serta tidak ada satupun responden yang memiliki jaringan periodontal yang sehat,  dari hasil pemeriksaan diperoleh  sebanyak 30 (88,24%) responden mengalami pocket 4-5 mm, 2 (5,88%) responden mengalami gusi berdarah dan 2 (5,88%) responden ada karang gigi perlu untuk dilakukan perawatan pada jaringan periodontal pada lansia  (Utami, NK, dkk., 2018).
Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah melakukan: Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Karies dan Periodontal pada Lansia penderita diabetes mellitus di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera II Martapura Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Jumlah penghuni yang ada sebanyak 61 lansia bertempat di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera II Martapura Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Ketika kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang menjadi responden 47 orang lansia yang menderita penyakit diabetes melitus.
Hasil yang diperoleh sebanyak 23 responden (48,9%) mempunyai jumlah gigi ≤ 6 gigi, yang tidak karies sebanyak 35 responden (74,5%) dan berdasarkan penyakit periodontal dengan skore 0 terbanyak adalah 23 responden (48,9%), hal ini disebabkan kebanyakan responden sudah tidak memiliki gigi (ompong).
Disarankan perlukan dilakukan perawatan gigi dan pembersihan karang gigi pada lansia yang ada di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera II Martapura Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Hal ini untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan gigi dan kehilangan gigi pada para lansia.
OPTIMALISASI KESEHATAN OTAK IBU HAMIL MELALUI POLA HIDUP SEHAT PENDEKATAN INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION
Authors: Hutagaol Rutmauli , Hipni Rubiati , Fauziah Erna , Pratiwi Niken
Published: November 2024

Kesehatan otak ibu hamil merupakan aspek penting yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan ibu dan perkembangan janin. Pengetahuan mengenai pemeriksaan kesehatan, termasuk SADARI (Periksa Payudara Sendiri), serta penerapan pola hidup sehat selama kehamilan berperan besar dalam menjaga kesehatan otak ibu hamil. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kesehatan otak ibu hamil melalui edukasi SADARI dan penerapan pola hidup sehat dengan pendekatan Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) di Desa Binaan Wilayah Puskesmas Tambarangan, Kabupaten Tapin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil berusia 25-35 tahun (60,0%) dan memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang SADARI (60,0%). Lebih mengkhawatirkan, semua ibu hamil (100%) tidak pernah melakukan SADARI. Rendahnya pengetahuan ini tidak hanya meningkatkan risiko keterlambatan deteksi kanker payudara, tetapi juga dapat memicu stres dan kecemasan yang berdampak negatif pada kesehatan mental dan otak ibu hamil. Melalui pendekatan IPC, edukasi terpadu dari berbagai profesi kesehatan (dokter, perawat, bidan, ahli gizi, dan psikolog) dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang SADARI, manajemen stres, dan penerapan pola hidup sehat. Program ini membantu ibu hamil memahami pentingnya menjaga kesehatan otak dengan memperhatikan asupan gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan pemeriksaan rutin. Kolaborasi antarprofesi ini berperan penting dalam mengintegrasikan upaya promotif dan preventif yang menyeluruh, sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko komplikasi fisik dan mental pada ibu hamil. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya edukasi berkelanjutan dan pendekatan holistik untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu hamil di komunitas pedesaan.
The Significance of Albumin Concentration and Some of Its Altered Forms in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Alubaidy Zahraa F. , Hassan Hathama R.
Published: November 2024

Background: The liver synthesizes albumin, a pivotal protein that accounts for approximately 60-65% of total plasma proteins. During ischemic attacks linked to oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and acidosis, albumin’s properties undergo alterations. This leads to the generation of ischemia-modified albumin, characterized by a diminished metal-binding capacity, particularly for transition metals like copper, nickel, and cobalt.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the significance of serum albumin and ischemia-modified albumin concentrations in Iraqi individuals with hepatitis B virus
Methods: A case-control study, including 50 patients with hepatitis B recruited from a Gastroenterology hospital in the Medical City/ Baghdad/ Iraq, was conducted from January to February 2023. The patients' group included males and females, ages 18 to 77 years, with a mean value of 44 years. Meanwhile, the study group consisted of 50 sex-matched normal healthy individuals. Albumin concentration was determined in the serum samples using a Biosystems kit, and ischemia-modified albumin concentration was measured through the albumin cobalt binding test. The ischemia-modified albumin/ [albumin] ratio and ischemia-modified albumin index were then calculated.
Results: lower serum albumin concentration was measured in the patients' group, while the mean value of ischemia-modified albumin concentration in the patients' group and healthy control were 0.466 ± 0.114 absorbance unit & 0.395 ± 0.070 absorbance unit, respectively, with a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001). The ischemia-modified albumin ratio in the hepatitis B patients and control groups was 0.172 ± 0.073 and 0.117 ± 0.050, respectively, showing a significant increase (P < 0.001). Additionally, the ischemia-modified albumin index in the patients and the control groups were 0.491 ± 0.167 & 0.390 ± 0.131, respectively, with a statically significant increase (p<0.001) in the patients group.
Conclusion: In the patients' group with hepatitis B, serum albumin concentration decreased, while the levels of ischemia-modified albumin, ischemia-modified albumin ratio, and ischemia-modified albumin index increased. The elevation in ischemia-modified albumin, ischemia-modified albumin ratio, and ischemia-modified albumin index was more prominent in younger patients and those with albumin concentrations less than 4g/dl. Moreover, the prevalence of hepatitis B is higher in men compared to women.
The Role of Activin A levels, Body Mass Index and Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Ectopic Pregnancies and Missed Abortions – A Study on a Group of Iraqi Women
Authors: Rafak Hussein M. , Rasheed Manal K. , Salih Farah A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Activin A (ACV-A), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that regulates follicular growth hormone (FSH) secretion and initiates intracellular signaling pathways, is essential to reproductive regulation. ACV-A is involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and homeostasis, among other biological processes. The pituitary gland, the gonads, and other organs all secrete ACV-A, which is made up of two beta A (βA) subunits.
Objectives: To compare the serum concentrations of ACV-A in women diagnosed with missed abortion (MA) or ectopic pregnancy (EP) with those of healthy controls.
Methods: The study was conducted in the gynecology departments of the Medical City - Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Kut Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from October 2023 to January 2024. A total of 120 women aged between 18 and 45 years participated in the study; An ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in 30 of them, 30 had a missed miscarriage, and the remaining 60 were considered a control group. ACV-A and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) method.
Results: The control group had a significantly lower mean ± SD of ACV-A (773.6 ± 130.26 pg/ml) in comparison to the EP group (1408.1 ± 219.02 pg/ml) and the MA group (1200.9 ± 199.31). In addition, patients in the ectopic group had a significantly lower mean± SD of ACV-A than patients in the missed abortion group.
Conclusion: Serum Activin A levels can be used as an indicator of ectopic pregnancy and missed abortions. A novel biomarker for evaluating women who have an ectopic pregnancy could be the level of HCG in their serum at a cutoff value of greater than 236 ng/ml.
Factors Influencing Buying Intentions of University Students in Mauritius Toward Online Shopping
Authors: Gungaphul Mridula , Mangra Mookhuldev
Published: November 2024

This paper identifies the factors influencing the buying intentions of university students in Mauritius towards online shopping, and a model has been proposed accordingly. To assess the relationship between the determinants of online shopping and online shopping intention, four independent variables, i.e., Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), derived from the Technology Acceptance Model as well as two additional factors, Perceived Transaction Security (PTS), Perceived Trust (PT) were used. The dependent variable was Online Shopping Intention (OSI). Data was collected through an online survey at the University of Mauritius comprising 372 students. The results showed a positive correlation between the four independent variables, with PT having the strongest positive rho value of 0.720. The findings indicated valuable information for online retailers as these will enable them to enhance their online platforms and websites, thus enriching the online customer shopping experience. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature on the relationship between the four determinants and online shopping intention in developing and small island economies.
First Steps towards Ecosystemic Governance for Health and Recreational Tourism Destinations
Authors: Röntynen Rositsa
Published: November 2024

The concept of the business ecosystem emerged at the turn of the century, drawing inspiration from biology to describe the economic community. Since its inception, this concept has found applications across various domains, including technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship, where it significantly contributes to strategic management. However, within the realm of tourism, there remains a notable dearth of literature on this subject. While it is acknowledged that tourism destinations embody many characteristics of a business ecosystem, concrete tools for adopting an ecosystemic approach in tourism management, particularly across different tourism types, are lacking. The current study seeks to address this gap by undertaking a theoretical exploration of health and recreational tourism. It aims to identify socio-economic aspects that could facilitate the adoption of an ecosystemic approach in the governance of tourism destinations, with a specific focus on these types of tourism. As a result of this endeavor, an initial model delineating the ecosystem of a health and recreational tourism destination is proposed. This model lays the groundwork for empirical validation and further refinement through subsequent studies.
Tele-Law: Bridging the Legal Access Gap for Marginalized Communities in Rural India Using ICT
Authors: Mummalaneni Venkatapparao , Challa Chandrashekar
Published: November 2024

The Tele-Law scheme in India leverages Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide legal assistance to marginalized communities through Community Service Centers (CSCs). This paper evaluates the Tele-Law scheme's current implementation process and impact, focusing on how ICT has enhanced access to justice, particularly in rural and marginalized communities. We describe the implementation of the Tele-Law scheme in India, followed by an analysis of available data on the scheme focusing on metrics related to access to justice, types of cases filed by the vulnerable sections, and the resolution of these cases. The study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to assess the impact of ICT on the judicial system's effectiveness and the impact of CSCs. Our findings highlight significant improvements in legal access for rural populations. The study identified a few challenges in the Tele-Law implementation scheme, such as digital literacy, infrastructure gaps, and systemic barriers. We recommend reengineering the current implementation process and suggest strategies to improve the scheme's reach and efficiency by adding additional tools to integrate ICT into the Tele-Law program. This will enhance the reach of Tele-Law, improve service quality, and ensure a sustainable long-term impact on the legal empowerment of marginalized populations in India.
भारत में एफडीआई के लिए नीतिगत पहलः मेक इन इंडिया के विशेष सन्दर्भ में
Authors:   वाणिज्य विभाग, शहीद भगत सिंह, सांध्य महाविद्यालय, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय।, सोनम डाॅ.
Published: November 2024

प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश (एफडीआई) भारत की आर्थिक वृद्धि के लिए एक प्रमुख उत्प्रेरक है, जो देश के विकासात्मक प्रयासों के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण गैर-ऋण वित्तीय भंडार बनाता है। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय निगम रणनीतिक रूप से भारत में निवेश करते हैं, कर प्रोत्साहन और अपेक्षाकृत प्रतिस्पर्धी श्रम लागत सहित देश के अद्वितीय निवेश प्रोत्साहनों का लाभ उठाते हैं। यह तकनीकी विशेषज्ञता के अधिग्रहण की सुविधा प्रदान करता है और रोजगार सृजन और विभिन्न सहायक लाभों को बढ़ावा देता है। भारत में इन निवेशों का आगमन सीधे तौर पर सरकार की सक्रिय नीति ढांचे, एक गतिशील कारोबारी माहौल, वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता में सुधार और बढ़ते आर्थिक प्रभाव का परिणाम है। यह लेख भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में एफडीआई के महत्व पर चर्चा करता है, यह एफडीआई को आकर्षित करने के लिए उठाए गए हालिया उपायों पर भी प्रकाश डालता है, मुख्य रूप से मेक इन इंडिया अभियान पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है। इस अभियान की सफलता की राह में आने वाली कुछ बाधाओं पर भी चर्चा की गई है।
भारतीय न्यायपालिका पर मीडिया ट्रायल का प्रभावः आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण
Authors:   एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर, लोकप्रशासन, राजकीय महाविद्यालय नांगल राजावतान (दौसा)।, मीणा आशुतोष
Published: November 2024

निष्पक्ष न्याय के लिए न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता आवश्यक है। भारतीय संविधान में स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका का प्रावधान है। न्यायपालिका की कार्यवाही में विधायिका व कार्यपालिका का हस्तक्षेप नहीं होना चाहिए ताकि न्यायपालिका निष्पक्ष निर्णय कर सके। भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 19(1)(ए) के तहत नागरिकों को भाषण और अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता है। इस स्वतंत्रता के आधार पर मीडिया समाचारों की रिपोर्टिंग करता है। मीडिया द्वारा अदालतों में विचाराधीन मामलों की सनसनीखेज रिर्पोटिंग कर दी जाती है जिससे न्यायपालिका के पूर्वाग्रह से ग्रस्त होने व न्यायिक निर्णय प्रभावित होने की संभावना रहती है। हाई प्रोफाइल मामलों में मीडिया द्वारा अनवरत रिपोर्टिंग से मामले को इतना प्रचारित कर दिया जाता है कि न्यायधीश कोर्ट में प्रस्तुत तथ्यों व सबूतों से इतर अलग धारणा बना सकते हैं। मीडिया द्वारा बनाए गए माहौल से न्यायधीश की निष्पक्षता प्रभावित हो सकती है। मीडिया ट्रायल न्यायधीश को आरोपी के खिलाफ फैसला सुनाने के लिए मजबूर कर सकती है, भले ही आरोपी निर्दोष हो। यह शोध पत्र इस बात पर केंद्रित है कि मीडिया ट्रायल आरोपी के निष्पक्ष सुनवाई के अधिकार को कैसे प्रभावित करती है। शोध पत्र में न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता, प्रेस की स्वतंत्रता और निष्पक्ष सुनवाई के बीच टकराव पर प्रकाश डाला गया है।
Metamorphosis of Urban Governance in Delhi: Historical Insights from the Lens of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Political Science, Banaras Hindu University., Das Seema , Gautam Priyanka ,   Research Scholar, Political Science, Banaras Hindu University
Published: November 2024

Delhi, being a national capital and a complex city with a multiplicity of different agencies of governance, providing civic amenities to 20 million people, has a lot of responsibilities and challenges. Similar to other metropolitan cities, Delhi has experienced rapid expansion, diverse land use patterns, and a significant shortage of civic amenities, making it the most densely populated and administratively complex city among India’s metros, all while being historically rich and uniquely distinct. In 1901, Delhi’s population was just 400,000, but it steadily rose to 9.42 million by 1991, surpassed 13 million by 2000, and is now estimated at 33,807,403 in 2024, indicating a significant and ongoing increase over the last hundred years. Delhi’s governing structure is complex, with overlapping sub-national jurisdictions and over 100 para-statal organisations offering services. It has undergone significant changes since Independence. This paper explores the development of urban administration and governance in Delhi, specifically looking at the formation of elected bodies within the National Capital Territory and the Municipal Corporation. It aims to understand the structure of the Delhi Municipal Corporation (DMC) and track its evolution over time.
Public Perception of Urban Green Spaces and its Tree Diversity in Delhi
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Human Ecology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi, India., Yadav Anisha , Hemlata Devi Oinam ,   Associate Professor, School of Human Ecology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi, India., Das Pulak ,   Assistant Professor, School of Human Ecology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi, India.
Published: November 2024

The relationship between man and nature plays an important role in the everyday lives of human societies. Places like Delhi and its people face major challenges and issues of urbanisation affecting their health and well-being. Urban greens such as parks play a major role in bringing greenness into the lives of urban dwellers. Trees are seen as a major green component in the urban greens. This paper attempts to understand how public sees green spaces and their uses. Tree diversity index (The Shannon Index also known as Shannon Weiner Index, is a statistical index that measures diversity by estimating species richness and evenness.) canopy cover, and tree trunk diameter have been taken as indicators of greenness of park. Tree distribution at the species level is studied in one of the parks managed by Delhi Development Authority as ‘Landmark greens’. The park users’ perception is studied using an ethnographic method. Whereas the Shannon index is 2.2, which is a moderate value, 50 per cent of the visitors could only identify the popular species namely Neem, Banyan, Ashok, and Peepal. People are aware of the potential benefits of trees and plants or the role of green spaces in their overall well-being. Some of the visitors are the regular ones as they use the park with a purpose to heal from respiratory tract infection, obesity, diabetes, and palpitation, while there are 22 per cent visitors who found the park unsafe during certain instances.
SNEDDS Sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Baru Berbasis Sediaan Gel Tea Tree Oil Untuk Anti Jerawat
Authors: Firdani Alnessia , Pratiwi Mutia Dian , Pramitasari Kharisma , Suryani Putri Jian , Pratiwi Elasari Dwi
Published: November 2024

SNEDDS as A New Delivery System Based on Tea Tree Oil Gel Preparation for Antiacne
Acne is a skin condition that is often discussed, especially among teenagers, because of its potential to damage self-confidence. The use of cosmetics that contain anti-acne active compounds from natural ingredients, such as tea tree oil, is one of the effective acne treatments. Tea tree oil is an essential oil that has hydrophobic and lipophilic properties. So, a good conveyor system such as SNEDDS is needed. The SNEDDS tea tree oil gel preparation in this study aims to assess the potential inhibition of the preparation against staphylococcus epidermidis, a type of acne-causing bacteria. The data analysis in this study uses descriptive methods, such as homogeneity test, organoleptic test, pH test, dispersion test, viscosity test, stability test, and antibacterial test. Antibacterial activity data is data obtained in the form of the diameter of the obstacle area and measured using a caliper. The results of the antibacterial activity test against staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria are as follows: positive control (Clindamycin) has an inhibition of 32.26 mm, F1 (SNEDDS tea tree oil 0% gel) does not inhibit, and F2 (SNEDDS tea tree oil 20% gel) has an inhibition of 24.44 mm. Thus, it can be concluded that SNEDDS tea tree oil gel can inhibit bacteria in the very strong category (>10mm).
Jerawat adalah kondisi kulit yang sering dibahas, terutama dikalangan remaja, karena potensinya untuk merusak kepercayaan diri. Penggunaan kosmetik yang mengandung senyawa aktif antijerawat dari bahan-bahan alami, seperti tea tree oil, adalah salah satu pengobatan jerawat yang efektif. Tea tree oil adalah minyak esensial yang memiliki sifat hidrofobik dan lipofilik. Sehingga, diperlukan sistem penghantar yang baik seperti SNEDDS. Sediaan gel SNEDDS tea tree oil dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai potensi penghambatan sediaan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, sejenis bakteri penyebab jerawat. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, seperti uji homogenitas, uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji viskositas, uji stabilitas, dan uji antibakteri. Data aktivitas antibakteri merupakan data yang diperoleh berupa diameter daerah hambatan dan diukur menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah sebagai berikut: kontrol positif (klindamisin) memiliki daya hambat 32,26 mm, F1 (gel SNEDDS tea tree oil 0%) tidak menghambat, dan F2 (gel SNEDDS tea tree oil 20%) memiliki daya hambat 24,44 mm. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gel SNEDDS tea tree oil memiliki kemampuan untuk menghambat bakteri dengan kategori sangat kuat (>10mm).
Novel Derivatives of BCV and (S)-HPMPA Inhibit Orthopoxviruses and Human Adenoviruses More Potently Than BCV
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Wan Yanmin , Guo Cuiyuan , Zhu Zhaoqin , Qiu Chao , Lu Jiasheng , Zhou Yanan , Zheng Jiaojiao , Dai Fahui , Cheng Xiaoyang , Deng Kunlu , Wang Wanhai , Wang Youchun , Zhang Wenhong
Published: November 2024

BCV and tecovirimat are the only two chemical drugs that have been approved to treat smallpox and can be requested for Mpox treatment through a single-patient Emergency Investigational New Drug (EIND) application. Disappointedly, the efficacy of tecovirimat manifested in a recent clinical trial is far from being satisfactory, while the clinical efficacy of BCV is still inconclusive. Given that MPXV, variola and other emerging orthopoxviruses are posing serious threats to global health, it is urgent to develop better therapeutics. In this study, we tested the antiviral effects of three novel prodrugs, which were designed based on previously reported parent drugs, either (S)-HPMPC (cidofovir) or (S)-HPMPA. We found that one of the (S)-HPMPA-based prodrugs, ODE-(S)-HPMPA formate, exhibited significantly better anti-orthopoxvirus activity than BCV both in vitro and in vivo, which also inhibited human adenovirus type 2 and type 21 more efficiently than BCV. Most strikingly, the EC50 and EC90 of ODE-(S)-HPMPA formate against MPXV were more than 40-fold lower than those of BCV. In contrast, we observed that the anti-HSV-1 activities of the (S)-HPMPA-based prodrugs were less effective than those of the cidofovir-based prodrugs (BCV and BCV formate), especially in vivo. Moreover, we showed for the first time that cytidine and adenine analog combined therapies could provide mice with complete protection against lethal challenges of both vaccinia and HSV-1. Collectively, we propose that both the ODE-(S)-HPMPA formate and the BCV/ODE-(S)-HPMPA formate combination are worth further investigations for their potential clinical applications.
Rozšiřování Evropské unie – jak jsou vedena jednání o přistoupení
Authors: Graham Avery
Published: November 2024

Enlargement of the EU – How are Accession Negotiations Led
O Adenauerovi, ale také o Německu
Authors: Alexandr Ort
Published: November 2024

Miloslav Novák: Chancellor Adenauer. IRMA Publishing, Prague 1995, 182 pages, ISBN 80-901353-3-1.
O současné politické geografii a současné geopolitice
Authors: Bořek Hnízdo
Published: November 2024

Current Political Geography and Geopolitics
Češi a Němci ve 20. století
Authors: Jaroslav Valenta
Published: November 2024

Václav Kural: Conflict Instead of Community? Czechs and Germans in the Czechoslovak State (1918-1938). Publishing House R in cooperation with the Institute of International Relations, Prague 1993, 272 pages, ISBN 80-901431-3-X.
Václav Kural: Conflict Instead of Community! Czechs and Germans in the Greater German Reich and the Path to Expulsion (1938-1945). Institute of International Relations, Prague 1994, 296 pages, ISBN 80-85864-04-5.
Jitka Vondrová (ed.): Czechs and the Sudeten German Question, 1939-1945. Documents. Institute of International Relations, Prague 1994, 347 pages + 1 map, ISBN 80-85864-05-3.