bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Postantibiotic Effect: A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Data
Authors: Zhanel George G. , Hoban Daryl J. , Harding Godfrey K.M.
Published: June 2017

The term postantibiotic effect (PAE) refers to a period of time after complete removal of an antibiotic during which there is no growth of the target organism. The PAE appears to be a feature of most antimicrobial agents and has been documented with a variety of common bacterial pathogens. Several factors influence the presence or duration of the PAE including the type of organism, type of antimicrobial, concentration of antimicrobial, duration of antimicrobial exposure, and antimicrobial combinations. In vitro, beta-lactam antimicrobials demonstrate a PAE against gram-positive cocci but fail to produce a PAE with gram-negative bacilli. Antimicrobials that inhibit RNA or protein synthesis produce an in vitro PAE against gram positive cocci and also produce a PAE against gram-negative bacilli. In vitro methods used to determine the PAE include colony counts, optical density, and measurement of adenosine triphosphate in bacteria. The exact mechanisms by which antimicrobials induce the PAE have not been clearly delineated. Animal studies reveal in vivo PAEs in accordance with PAEs obtained in vitro for most organism/ antimicrobial combinations. The clinical relevance of the PAE is probably most important when designing dosage regimens. The presence of a long PAE allows aminoglycosides to be dosed infrequently; the lack of an in vivo PAE suggests that beta-lactam antimicrobials require frequent or continuous dosing. Important questions remain to be answered concerning the PAE.
The Healthcare Professional of the Future: Function Based upon Competence
Authors: Green Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2017

There is an ongoing evolution in healthcare in the U.S., a metamorphosis that may continue indefinitely. The most immediately identifiable change is an economic one that is generally classified as cost containment. Notwithstanding the important financial redirection in healthcare, there should be a functional reevaluation of various professionals as well. This is already ongoing and certainly will continue. In order to preserve authority and economic benefit, enhanced interprofessional boundaries are expected byproducts of a cost-containment approach. Hence, advancement toward the healthcare system of the future is destined to take a convoluted path that is influenced in an infinite number of ways by the professions themselves, the federal government, and society. We should be reminded that patients are best served by the competent performance of a task which is often independent of any given profession.
Dynamic response of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load
Authors: Li Dong , Zheng Zhou-Lian , He Cao , Liu Cao-Yu
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the governing equations of motion of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load are derived in polar coordinates based on the principle of virtual displacement and solved by the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky perturbation method. The analytical solutions of the displacement, speed, acceleration and frequency of circular membrane with fixed edges are obtained. Then the dynamic response of membrane is experimentally studied by using a new pneumatic experimental system. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical results validates the theoretical model and the vibration principles of membrane under different conditions. The results also indicate the relationship between dynamic response of membrane and various parameters related to radius, elastic modulus, pretention force, and load. This study provides a theoretical model to calculate the dynamic response of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load. In addition, a new pneumatic experimental system to study the dynamic response of pre-stressed membrane is developed as well.
The Status and Financing of Off-System Bridges
Authors: Walzer Norman , Sutton Lori A. , Deller Steven C.
Published: June 2017

The network of off-system bridges supporting the rural economy has been a concern for a long time. Federal Highway Administration data show that 31.4% of the bridges off the federal aid system qualify for replacement and/or rehabilitation funds, the worst category under the federal bridge program. Although there is some evidence that the quality of these bridges has marginally improved in recent years, the sheer number of deficient bridges in rural areas necessitates major expenses for rural local governments in the future. Study results suggest, however, that local highway officials expect to be able to spend far less than what they believe the system requires. The outcome is that part of the transportation backbone of the rural economy is at risk, and additional sources of revenue and/or alternative means for reinvesting in the bridge network are needed.
Special Invited Paper
Authors: Charmaz Kathy
Published: June 2017

What continuities and contradictions can qualitative researchers discern among versions of the grounded theory method? How do contradictions within the method affect research practice? How do new versions of grounded theory advance research practice and critical inquiry? To answer these questions, this keynote address begins with a brief overview of grounded theory for those who are unfamiliar with the method and subsequently discusses the continuities and contradictions between versions of the method. Constructivist grounded theory (CGT) uses the methodological strategies of the original version but builds on its pragmatist heritage, shifts its epistemological foundations, and resolves contradictions in earlier versions of the method. The result means placing grounded theory in the social constructionist tradition, viewing data as co-constructed with research participants, puncturing deeply held methodological preconceptions, and subsequently fostering a heightened methodological self-consciousness. The practice of CGT assists researchers in interrogating their data, nascent analyses, research actions, and themselves each step along the way. Subsequently, researchers can gain awareness of the pervasiveness of Anglo-North American worldviews throughout inquiry. CGT not only aids theorizing and defining and developing emergent critical questions during the research process but also brings power into purview.
Head acceleration measurement techniques: Reliability of angular rate sensor data in helmeted impact testing
Authors: Cobb Bryan R , Tyson Abigail M , Rowson Steven
Published: June 2017

This study sought to evaluate the suitability of angular rate sensors for quantifying angular acceleration in helmeted headform impacts. A helmeted Hybrid III headform, instrumented with a 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer array and angular rate sensors, was impacted (n = 90) at six locations and three velocities (3.1, 4.9, and 6.4 m/s). Data were low-pass filtered using Butterworth four-pole phaseless digital filters which conform to the specifications described in the Society of Automotive Engineers J211 standard on instrumentation for impact tests. Nine accelerometer array data were filtered using channel frequency class 180, which corresponds to a −3 db cutoff frequency of 300 Hz. Angular rate sensor data were filtered using channel frequency class values ranging from 5 to 1000 Hz in increments of 5 Hz, which correspond to −3 db cutoff frequencies of 8 to 1650 Hz. Root-mean-square differences in peak angular acceleration between the two instrumentation schemes were assessed for each channel frequency class value. Filtering angular rate sensor data with channel frequency class values between 120 and 205 all produced mean differences within ±5%. The minimum root-mean-square difference of 297 rad/s2 was found when the angular rate sensor data were filtered using channel frequency class 175. This filter specification resulted in a mean difference of 28 ± 297 rad/s2 (1.8% ± 8.6%). Condition-specific differences (α=0.05) were observed for 11 of 18 test conditions. A total of 4 of those 11 conditions were within ±5%, and 10 were within ±10%. Furthermore, the nine accelerometer array and angular rate sensor methods demonstrated similar levels of repeatability. These data suggest that angular rate sensor may be an appropriate alternative to the nine accelerometer array for measuring angular head acceleration in helmeted head impact tests with impactor velocities of 3.1–6.4 m/s and impact durations of approximately 10 ms.
Comparison of peri and post-procedural complications in patients undergoing revascularisation of coronary artery multivessel disease by coronary artery bypass grafting or protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device
Authors: Becher Tobias , Baumann Stefan , Eder Frederik , Perschka Simon , Loßnitzer Dirk , Fastner Christian , Behnes Michael , Doesch Christina , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim
Published: June 2017

Background:

While coronary artery bypass grafting remains the standard treatment of complex multivessel coronary artery disease, the advent of peripheral ventricular assist devices has enhanced the safety of percutaneous coronary intervention. We therefore evaluated the safety in terms of inhospital outcome comparing protected high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score >22) undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting before the implementation of a protected percutaneous coronary intervention programme with a peripheral ventricular assist device or protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device following the start of the programme. The primary endpoint consisted of inhospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The combined secondary endpoint included peri and post-procedural adverse events.

Results:

A total of 54 patients (mean age 70.1±9.9 years, 92.6% men) were enrolled in the study with a mean SYNTAX score of 34.5±9.8. Twenty-six (48.1%) patients underwent protected percutaneous coronary intervention while 28 (51.9%) patients received coronary artery bypass grafting. The major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rate was numerically higher in the coronary artery bypass grafting group (17.9 vs. 7.7%; P=0.43) but was not statistically significant. The combined secondary endpoint was not different between the groups; however, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting experienced significantly more peri-procedural adverse events (28.6 vs. 3.8%; P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device experience similar intrahospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates when compared to coronary artery bypass grafting. Protected percutaneous coronary intervention represents a safe alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting in terms of inhospital adverse events.
Self-reducing proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Fang Christopher , Kwek Ernest Beng Kee
Published: June 2017

Background:

Proximal humeral fractures are common in the elderly and can present with multiple fracture configurations. Our case series describes a three-part valgus-impacted fracture pattern of the proximal humerus that underwent spontaneous reduction by nonsurgical management with good functional outcomes.

Methods:

Seven patients who sustained low-energy three-part valgus-impacted fractures of the proximal humerus were studied. We retrospectively reviewed serial anteroposterior radiographs of each patient taken as part of routine follow-up. For clinical outcomes, patients were assessed by a physical examination of both shoulders. A Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire assessed the functional outcomes.

Results:

In all seven patients, fractures reduced spontaneously without any complications. Radiologically, the neck–shaft angle decreased from an average of 169° to 141°. In the six patients examined, range of motion was decreased in all planes in the affected shoulder relative to the contralateral shoulder. Two patients exhibited no loss of power in the affected arm, while the rest exhibited Medical Research Council grade 4 of 5 power in the affected arm. The mean DASH score obtained in our patients was 18.17. None of our patients reported any significant limitations in their activities of daily living and all achieved premorbid functional levels.

Conclusion:

Low-energy three-part valgus-impacted fracture pattern of the proximal humerus has the ability to spontaneously reduce by nonsurgical management with good functional outcomes.
Coffee and Tea: Socio-cultural Meaning, Context and Branding
Authors: Verma Harsh V.
Published: June 2017

Brands are perceptual entities which inhabit the mental world of consumers. Essential to branding success is appropriation of consumer-relevant meaning. Accordingly, brands are embedded with symbolism. This way brands become instruments of psycho-social negotiations. Brands plug into the socio-cultural meaning reservoir for this purpose. This requires understanding how a product or service fits culturally in a social system. This study attempts to explore the psycho-social role that tea and coffee play in consumers’ lives. How tea and coffee are embedded in consumer psyche and their linkages with other consumption aspects were explored using critical incident and storytelling method. Though these beverages share a lot axiomatic similarity in terms of their preparation method and usage, they differ radically in their hidden symbolism. The study found that tea and coffee have different imprints. Coffee is celebratory and tea is ordinary. Coffee consumption is uncommon and its uncommonness imbues it with a unique mystique associated with a wealthy, refined and intellectually evolved class. Coffee is not a potion for sustenance. Tea is linked to ordinariness and is ritualistic in home consumption. Tea is instrumental in bringing family together in close proximity and provides platform for sharing and caring. A certain mystique is associated with coffee. Coffee is predominantly an outside drink; it derives its utility from social, aesthetic and emotional role. Brands which violate embedded psycho-social meaning are unlikely to resonate with consumer. Accordingly, tea and coffee branding efforts cannot afford to ignore the differing hidden reality with these two beverages.
Investigating the Impact of Locus of Control on Customer Orientation Behaviour of Sales Personnel in Services Sector
Authors: Bhattacharya Debasis , Dey Shuvendu , Saha Dipak
Published: June 2017

There are numerous papers dwelling on the effects of locus of control on job performance but the process that explains the behaviour of sales personnel in the services sector has not received considerable attention from the HRM practitioners as well as researchers. The present study is conducted with the premise that customer orientation plays an important role which is influenced by the locus of control of sales personnel from the services sector. The data for the study were collected from a cross-section of respondents employed in the services sector in various towns of North Bengal. A structured questionnaire was administered on 200 respondents out of which 19 were unacceptable since they have not been answered properly. Apart from various descriptive measures, factor analysis and multiple regression techniques were employed to analyse the data. Findings of the study reveal that sales personnel having high internal locus of control exhibit higher customer orientation. The findings also reveal that sales personnel working under job-induced stress are likely to practise sales orientation. The outcome of the study amply demonstrates that the HR managers should influence the salespeople to follow customer orientation and help reduce their stress level by adopting appropriate HR policies to induce a vibrant CRM system in the organisation. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Bivariate Analysis of the Relationship between Advertising and Sales
Authors: Mahendru Mandeep , De Kalyan K.
Published: June 2017

This article builds on the existing literature by studying the inter-linkage between sales and advertising expenditure in India. The article takes a sample of 100 Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies in India and studies their advertising and sales for the period ranging from 2001–2002 to 2010–2011. The study uses various tools including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, kurtosis, skewness, correlation, regression for getting insights into the data. Econometric analyses including auto-correlation, partial auto-correlation, augmented Dickey–Fuller test, vector auto regression, variance decomposition analysis, Johansen’s co-integration and vector error correction model have been employed to find out the bivariate relationship between the variables under reference. The article finds that the dependency of the current period’s advertising expenses on previous years’ sales is far more significant than the dependency of sales revenue over advertising expenses. The article provides significant inputs for the further studies that may focus on adding more variables such as profits and firm value, and study the multivariate relationship among them.
Impact of Foreign Institutional Investment on Indian Stock Market: A Cause and Effect Relationship
Authors: Mehla Sunita , Goyal S.K.
Published: June 2017

The growing Indian market had attracted the foreign institutional investors (FIIs) to Indian equity market during post financial reform period. The present article made an attempt to explain the short-term and long-term causal relationship between FIIs and Indian stock market. The study uses the monthly time series data on advances to declines ratio (ADR) of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and purchases to sales ratio of FIIs. The sample period spans from April 2001 to December 2012. To attain the intent of the study, the article employs the empirical techniques such as co-integration, Granger causality test and variance decomposition analysis as a part of research methodology.

The result of co-integrating relationship discloses the rejection of null hypothesis of no co-integrating vectors which implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Further, the Granger causality reveals the presence of unidirectional causality running from FIIs to BSE-ADR during short as well as long span of period. The variance decomposition analysis clearly shows that the price changes in BSE are influenced to a very large extent by innovations in FIIs and confirms the dominant role of FIIs in information dissemination. Thus, the results suggest that BSE is significantly affected by FIIs and the latter is not influenced by variations in the BSE, that is, there exists unidirectional causality running from FIIs to BSE-ADR.
Investigation of the relationship between rare Han characters and Nom characters with identical forms
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Hong
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates 15 Han characters from ancient Chinese documents and compares them with corresponding Vietnamese Nom characters. It discusses the relationship between them from linguistic and textual perspectives.
Zipf's Law, Pareto's Law, and the Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States
Authors: Aoki Shuhei , Nirei Makoto
Published: June 2017

We construct a tractable neoclassical growth model that generates Pareto's law of income distribution and Zipf's law of the firm size distribution from idiosyncratic, firm-level productivity shocks. Executives and entrepreneurs invest in risk-free assets, as well as their own firms' risky stocks, through which their wealth and income depend on firm-level shocks. By using the model, we evaluate how changes in tax rates can account for the evolution of top incomes in the United States. The model matches the decline in the Pareto exponent of the income distribution and the trend of the top 1 percent income share in recent decades. (JEL D31, H24, L11)
Microbial metal resistance and metabolism across dynamic landscapes: high-throughput environmental microbiology
Authors: Carlson Hans , Deutschbauer Adam , Coates John
Published: June 2017

Multidimensional gradients of inorganic compounds influence microbial activity in diverse pristine and anthropogenically perturbed environments. Here, we suggest that high-throughput cultivation and genetics can be systematically applied to generate quantitative models linking gene function, microbial community activity, and geochemical parameters. Metal resistance determinants represent a uniquely universal set of parameters around which to study and evaluate microbial fitness because they represent a record of the environment in which all microbial life evolved. By cultivating microbial isolates and enrichments in laboratory gradients of inorganic ions, we can generate quantitative predictions of limits on microbial range in the environment, obtain more accurate gene annotations, and identify useful strategies for predicting and engineering the trajectory of natural ecosystems.
Recent advances in the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Batul Syeda Atiqa , Olshansky Brian , Fisher John D. , Gopinathannair Rakesh
Published: June 2017

Ventricular arrhythmias are an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in those with structural heart disease, inherited cardiomyopathies, and channelopathies. The goals of ventricular arrhythmia management include symptom relief, improving quality of life, reducing implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks, preventing deterioration of left ventricular function, reducing risk of arrhythmic death, and potentially improving overall survival. Guideline-directed medical therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation remain the mainstay of therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of structural heart disease. Recent advances in imaging modalities and commercial availability of genetic testing panels have enhanced our mechanistic understanding of the disease processes and, along with significant progress in catheter-based ablative therapies, have enabled a tailored and more effective management of drug-refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Several gaps in our knowledge remain and require further research. In this article, we review the recent advances in the diagnosis and management of ventricular arrhythmias.
Method-centered digital communities on protocols.io for fast-paced scientific innovation
Authors: Kindler Lori , Stoliartchouk Alexei , Teytelman Leonid , Hurwitz Bonnie L.
Published: June 2017

The Internet has enabled online social interaction for scientists beyond physical meetings and conferences. Yet despite these innovations in communication, dissemination of methods is often relegated to just academic publishing. Further, these methods remain static, with subsequent advances published elsewhere and unlinked. For communities undergoing fast-paced innovation, researchers need new capabilities to share, obtain feedback, and publish methods at the forefront of scientific development. For example, a renaissance in virology is now underway given the new metagenomic methods to sequence viral DNA directly from an environment. Metagenomics makes it possible to “see” natural viral communities that could not be previously studied through culturing methods. Yet, the knowledge of specialized techniques for the production and analysis of viral metagenomes remains in a subset of labs.  This problem is common to any community using and developing emerging technologies and techniques. We developed new capabilities to create virtual communities in protocols.io, an open access platform, for disseminating protocols and knowledge at the forefront of scientific development. To demonstrate these capabilities, we present a virology community forum called VERVENet. These new features allow virology researchers to share protocols and their annotations and optimizations, connect with the broader virtual community to share knowledge, job postings, conference announcements through a common online forum, and discover the current literature through personalized recommendations to promote discussion of cutting edge research. Virtual communities in protocols.io enhance a researcher’s ability to: discuss and share protocols, connect with fellow community members, and learn about new and innovative research in the field.  The web-based software for developing virtual communities is free to use on protocols.io. Data are available through public APIs at protocols.io.
Typification of the Linnaean names Plantago serraria and P. subulata (Plantago subgenus Coronopus, Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Hassemer Gustavo , Iamonico Duilio , Rønsted Nina , Di Pietro Romeo
Published: June 2017

Plantago subg. Coronopus is a mainly Mediterranean group of plantains whose taxonomy is very complex. Two Linnaean names within this subgenus still remain untypified: P. serraria and P. subulata. We here discuss the possible types for these names, and designate lectotypes for both. For nomenclatural purposes, the names P. triquetra and P. pungens are also included in the treatment of P. subulata.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА В США
Authors: Beydina Tatyana Evgenevna , Beydina Alena Romanovna
Published: June 2017

Предметом исследования в данной статье является как политическое, так и социальное развитие США в современный период. Американская традиция в исследовании политических процессов имеет четыре этапа. Первый этап связан с обоснованием места исполнительной, законодательной и судебной властей в политической системе (работы Ф. Поллака и Р. Сили). Второй этап – это бихевиористское изучение политики (работы Г. Лассуэлла и Ч. Мерриама). Ч. Мерриам помимо того, что сравнивал процессы, изучал их сходства и различия. Третий этап – характеризуется изучением политических систем (Т. Парсонс, Д. Истон, Р. Арон, Г. Алмонд и К. Дойч). Четвертый этап связан со сверхдержавностью и проблемой демократизации систем (С. Хантингтон, Зб. Бжезинский). Социальные процессы в США оценивались Р. Парком, П. Сорокиным, Э. Гидденсом. Работа ориентирована как на раздельное обоснование социальных и политических процессов США, так и на отражение единства американской социально-политической реальности.Научная новизна состоит в обосновании концепта «социально-политический процесс в США» с характеристикой его особенностей. Для социально-политического процесса США характерно действие по двум каналам: мягкая сила и агрессия. Мягкая сила проявляется в доминировании экономики США. Основными выводами проведенного исследования можно отметить особенности социально-политического процесса в США.Цель – уточнить понятие «социально-политический процесс в США» и дать оценку направлениям его исследования в рамках американской политической традиции.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы: системный, сравнительно-исторический и структурно-функциональный.Результаты: в результате работы проанализированы направления исследования социально-политических процессов и осуществлен анализ динамики социально-политических процессов в США.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять в теории и практике международных отношений.
ПОИСК МЕТОДОВ РЕШЕНИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ВОПРОСОВ НА ЮЖНОМ КАВКАЗЕ
Authors: Karademir Hasan Siddik
Published: June 2017

В данной статье освещены наиболее узловые противоречия, имеющие место быть на современном витке истории между политическими элитами Баку, Анкарой и Еревана. Минуя длительную историю дипломатических связей между Азербайджаном и Турцией, автор статьи сосредоточил основное внимание на ключевых вопросах военных доктрин и политике невмешательства в дела других государств. Выяснено, что Азербайджан и Турцию объединяют языковые, этнографические и географические факторы. В свою очередь эти страны ищут мира с Арменией, чтобы с большим успехом реализовывать собственную политическую линию.Цель статьи: Показать некоторые пути и методы конструктивной стратегии мира, взаимопонимания и сотрудничества между Турцией, Азербайджаном и Арменией.Метод или методология проведения работы. В основу работы положен метод сравнительно-исторического анализа.Результаты: Идеологические расхождения в политических интересах и приоритетах Турции, Азербайджана и Армении, ряд трудностей, возникающих на извилистом пути во взаимоотношениях руководителей закавказских республик, не должны поколебать стратегическое партнёрство этих стран. Альтернативы миру и взаимовыгодному сотрудничеству нет.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в учебном процессе при подготовке к лекциям и семинарам по курсу международных отношений.
АДАПТИВНЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ С НАРУШЕНИЕМ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ПОДХОДА В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
Authors: Kolesnikova Galina Yur’evna , Chebarykova Svetlana Vasilievna
Published: June 2017

Цель. В статье актуализируется проблема необходимости комплексного изучения и учета специфики адаптивных возможностей студентов с ОВЗ (на примере нарушений двигательной сферы врожденного и приобретенного генеза) при реализации инклюзивного подхода в высшем профессиональном образовании.Предметом исследования является специфика адаптивных возможностей студентов с нарушениями двигательной сферы различного генеза.Методы и методология работы. Теоретический анализ литературы, системный подход, экспериментальный метод.Результаты. В статье описана процедура изучения адаптивных возможностей студентов с ОВЗ и нормой здоровья, представлены характеристики групп. Составленные характеристики качественно отражают наиболее яркие проявления адаптивных возможностей личности нарушением двигательной сферы.В заключении делаются выводы об уровне развития адаптивных возможностей респондентов принявших участие в исследовании, определены направления деятельности специалистов, осуществляющих психолого-педагогическое сопровождение адаптации студентов в вузе.Область применения: система высшего профессионального образования, служба психолого-педагогического сопровождения процессов адаптации студентов с ОВЗ в вузе.
MANAGEMENT OF STRATEGIC CHANGES IN THE PROCESS OF RESTRUCTURING THE MODERN COMPANY BASED ON EXPRESS DIAGNOSTICS BY THE METHOD OF DELPHI SURVEY
Authors: Игошина Ирина , Igoshina Irina , Сазыкина Ольга , Sazykina Ol'ga
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the article is to develop methodological approaches

to managing strategic changes in the process of restructuring

a modern company. Particular attention is paid to changes in

strategic economic areas, organizational and legal form and management

structure of the company. To make a decision on the need

to restructure the company's activities, it is proposed to use express

diagnostics of the company's real state using the Delphi survey method,

an example of which procedure is given in the article
A controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for addiction severity in methamphetamine users: preliminary study
Authors: Bahrami Sajad , Asghari Farhad
Published: June 2017

Aim of the study

The present study aimed at determining the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on addiction severity of methamphetamine users.

Subject or material and methods

To achieve research goals and to test the hypotheses, theoretical bases and background of the study were investigated, showing that ACT decreased addiction severity of methamphetamine users. After visiting outpatient centers in Tehran and screening the visitors, 48 subjects were selected as initial sample. After removal of those who were unwilling to cooperate with the researcher, the remaining 30 subjects were assigned randomly to ACT or waiting-list control (WLC) condition. Treatment intervention was administered individually over 12 sessions of 45-60 minutes weekly. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results

Results showed that ACT reduced addiction severity of methamphetamine users in seven dimensions of medical condition (p=0.016), occupational status (p=0.037), alcohol use status (p=0.002), substance use status (p=0.001), legal status (p=0.002), family status (p=0.000), and psychological condition (p=0.000).

Discussion

Enhancing psychological flexibility through redirecting the experiential avoidance to experiential acceptance and clarifying the values, the seven dimensions of addiction severity were improved.

Conclusions

The findings suggest the effect of ACT on reduction of the severity addiction of methamphetamine users.
When is a simple fracture of the lateral malleolus not so simple?
Authors: Gougoulias N. , Sakellariou A.
Published: June 2017

Stable fractures of the ankle can be safely treated non-operatively. It is also gradually being recognised that the integrity of the ‘medial column’ is essential for the stability of the fracture. It is generally thought that bi- and tri-malleolar fractures are unstable, as are pronation external rotation injuries resulting in an isolated high fibular fracture (Weber type-C), where the deltoid ligament is damaged or the medial malleolus fractured. However, how best to identify unstable, isolated, trans-syndesmotic Weber type-B supination external rotation (SER) fractures of the lateral malleolus remains controversial.

We provide a rationale as to how to classify SER distal fibular fractures using weight-bearing radiographs, and how this can help guide the management of these common injuries.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:851–5.
Predictors of direct home discharge following fractured neck of femur
Authors: Salar O , Baker PN , Forward DP , Ollivere BJ , Weerasuriya N , Moppett IK , Moran CG
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION

Direct home discharge (DHD) following hip fracture surgery represents a challenging proposition. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the discharge destination (home vs alternative location) for patients admitted from their own home with a fractured neck of femur.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected major trauma centre data was performed, identifying 10,044 consecutive hip fracture admissions between 2000 and 2012.

RESULTS

Two-thirds of the patients (n=6,742, 67%) were admitted from their own home. Half of these (n=3,509, 52%) returned directly to their own home while two-fifths (n=2,640, 39%) were discharged to an alternative location; 593 (9%) died. The following were identified as independent variables associated with a higher likelihood of DHD: younger patients, female sex, an abbreviated mental test score of 10, absence of certain co-morbidities, cohabiting, walking independently outdoors, no use of walking aids, no assistance required with basic activities of daily living and intracapsular fracture.

CONCLUSIONS

Identifying those at risk of being discharged to an alternative location following admission from home on the basis of identified preoperative indices could assist in streamlining the postoperative care phase. Pre-emptive action may help increase the numbers of patients discharged directly home and reduce the number requiring additional rehabilitation prior to discharge home with its associated socioeconomic effect.
Giant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura an unpredictable entity: case series and literature review
Authors: Ali JM , Ali A , Van Leuven M , Bartosik WR
Published: June 2017

A small proportion of tumours can undergo malignant transformation. We report a case series of five patients diagnosed with giant solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura. These cases highlight the unpredictable nature of this disease process, with significant variability in clinical course observed, from indolence to aggressive progression. Three patients were found to have malignant disease on explant, with two of these having preoperative imaging and histology suggesting benign pathology. This finding emphasises that accurately differentiating between benign and malignant disease on imaging and/or biopsy has low specificity and sensitivity and cannot be relied upon in guiding the management of these tumours. Patients with solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura should be managed cautiously, owing to the unpredictable and potentially aggressive clinical course. We would advocate the position that all patients with solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura should be managed as if they have malignant disease. Prolonged follow-up is required due to the risk of disease recurrence, even in patients with benign disease.
Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the greater omentum: case report and review of literature
Authors: Alcalá Serrano FJ , Hernández Hernández JR , Montenegro Dámaso T , López-Tomassetti Fernández E
Published: June 2017

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant spindle cell neoplasm normally arising from tissues around joints, bursa and tendon sheaths. Several reports involving the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the oesophagus and stomach, have been documented; however, the omentum remains an extremely unusual location. Monophasic type is composed exclusively of spindle cells arranged in fascicles. Establishing the correct diagnosis of these tumours could be challenging because of the similarities with gastrointestinal stromal tumours and other mesenchymal tumours with similar histology.
Intravenous fluid and electrolyte administration in elective gastrointestinal surgery: mechanisms of excessive therapy
Authors: Simpson RG , Quayle J , Stylianides N , Carlson G , Soop M
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION

While clinical guidelines stress the importance of the judicious perioperative intravenous fluid administration, data show that adherence to these protocols is poor. The reasons have not been identified. We therefore audited the magnitude and indications of fluid and electrolyte administration in a teaching hospital. We hypothesised that epidural analgesia is associated with excessive fluid therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Intravenous fluid and electrolyte administration during the day of surgery and the subsequent 2 days in consecutive patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery between November 2013 and May 2014 were retrospectively audited. Timing, volumes and indications were recorded.

RESULTS

One hundred patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal resection were studied. Patients received 9030 ml ± 2860 ml (mean ± standard deviation) intravenous fluids containing a total of 1180 ml ± 420 mmol sodium and resulting in a cumulative fluid balance of +5120 ml ± 2510 ml; 44% ± 14% of total volumes were given in theatre. Nearly all fluid was given for maintenance, 100% (96–100%, interquartile range), with 17 patients only receiving replacement or resuscitation. Independent predictors of increased volumes included open surgery, upper gastrointestinal surgery, increased duration and epidural analgesia but not body weight. Postoperative fluid volume was the only independent predictor of postoperative complication grade (P = 0.0044).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite published guidelines, perioperative fluid and electrolyte administration were excessive and were associated with postoperative morbidity. Substantial volumes were administered in theatre. Nearly all administration was for maintenance, yet patients received approximately five times the amount of sodium required. Epidural analgesia was an independent predictor of fluid volumes but body weight was not.
Rare presentation of idiopathic duodenoduodenal intussusception
Authors: Loo GH , Mohamad Abu Zeid WM , Lim SL , Ismail AM
Published: June 2017

Enteroenteric intussusception is a condition in which the full-thickness bowel wall becomes telescoped into the lumen of distal bowel. Intussusception in adult occurs infrequently and varies from childhood intussusception, particularly in its presentation, aetiology and treatment. Duodenoduodenal intussusception is rare because the duodenum is fixed in the retroperitoneal position. It usually occurs secondary to tumour, lipoma, Brunner’s gland hamartomatous polyp or adenoma. The diagnosis in adults is usually made at laparotomy, where presentation is with intestinal obstruction. In non-emergency presentation, it may be difficult to arrive at an accurate diagnosis as symptoms may be vague, self-limiting intermittent abdominal pain. Clinical examinations and investigations may not be conclusive and another working diagnosis such as irritable bowel syndrome would be made. We describe a case where a patient initially presented with symptoms mimicking pancreatitis but his symptoms persisted over the course of 2 weeks. When a laparotomy was performed, duodenoduodenal intussusception was discovered and confirmed with histopathology. In this case, a discernible leading point could not be identified.
Rectal foreign body insertion as a rare cause of persistent lumbosacral plexus injury
Authors: Meister FA , Amygdalos I , Neumann UP , Lurje G
Published: June 2017

Rectal foreign body insertion is a common condition in emergency surgery, which often requires surgical intervention. Here we report a clinical case of rectal foreign body insertion as a rare cause of persistent lumbosacral plexus injury. A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of acute bilateral paraplegia with loss of sensation in both legs, as well as total urinary retention. The patient underwent abdominal computed tomography, which showed a rectal foreign body measuring 13 × 11.5 × 10 cm in the lower abdomen and pelvis. Extraluminal assistance through a median laparotomy was required after unsuccessful attempts at transanal recovery alone. After removal of the foreign body, the rectal wall and anorectal sphincter were massively dilated, with severe bruising of the rectal mucosa on proctoscopy. A protective loop-ileostomy was performed.

The sacral plexus is located posteriorly in the pelvis. Physiologically, the nerves are well protected by surrounding anatomical structures. Post-traumatic lumbosacral plexus injuries with paraplegia, urinary retention and anorectal sphincter insufficiency occur quite frequently after heavy traffic accidents. Lumbosacral plexus injury as a result of rectal foreign body insertion is rare. Severe neurological deficits through rectal foreign body insertion are rare but known medical conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of severe and persistent post-traumatic lumbosacral plexus injury through a rectal foreign body.
Música publicitaria en España (2008-17). Observación cuantitativa sobre formas musicales en espots de TV
Authors: Palencia-Lefler Ors Manuel
Published: June 2017

Tras la monitorización de 9.185 espots publicitarios durante 10 años consecutivos (2008-2017) se detecta una clara tendencia hacia la desaparición de la música original en la comunicación publicitaria televisiva en España. El análisis de contenido muestra que, actualmente, el 67% de anuncios cuentan con música preexistente. Tan solo 1 de cada 4 espots cuentan con música original propia de la marca, en sus distintas formas musicales. Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio se aproximan a los que el investigador Allan mostró en 2008 en referencia a la música publicitaria en los USA. Premonición o tendencia, pero la “americanización” de estos hechos es una realidad incuestionable en la comunicación publicitaria española actual.
Decidir reflexivamente. Un estudio sobre reflexividad y trayectorias formativas en estudiantes de postgrado
Authors: Villar Aguilés Alícia
Published: June 2017

Las trayectorias formativas y profesionales de los jóvenes están actualmente cargadas de incertidumbre y no discurren de manera lineal. Atrás han quedado los tiempos en que acceder a la universidad significaba garantía de empleo para el futuro y el inicio de itinerarios profesionales más definidos. A partir de una investigación en la que se ha entrevistado a estudiantes de postgrado de dos universidades públicas se analiza cómo se configuran las trayectorias formativas y las expectativas laborales a través del concepto de reflexividad siguiendo la aplicación que propone Margaret S. Archer. El resultado es una triple tipología de reflexividad que presenta las decisiones educativas como compartidas, autónomas y críticas influenciadas por la posición social familiar.
Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the tongue: a case report
Authors: Brantes Michele Fonseca , Azevedo Rebeca Souza , Oliveira Silvia Paula , Gouvêa Adriele Ferreira , Takahama Jr Ademar
Published: June 2017

The fibrous histiocytoma is a soft tissue neoplasm that affects the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, rarely is found in the oral cavity and perioral regions, and is originated from the proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes. The objective of this paper is to report a case of Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma in a 30-year-old male patient, complaining of a painless nodule in the tongue for about six months. With the clinical diagnostic hypotheses of Fibrous Hyperplasia or Traumatic Neuroma an excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological examination revealed a non-encapsulated proliferation of spindle cells with some giant multinucleated cells in the periphery of the lesion.  Immunohistochemical reactions were performed, staining only for vimentin in the spindle cells and for CD68 in the multinucleated giant cells. According to these characteristics, the final diagnosis was Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma. The correct diagnosis of spindle shaped cell neoplasia must be performed with the aid of histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry, mainly because the morphological similarities with other benign and malignant lesions.
REVISIÓN SOBRE ALGORITMOS DE OPTIMIZACIÓN MULTI-OBJETIVO GENÉTICOS Y BASADOS EN ENJAMBRES DE PARTÍCULAS
Authors: Meza Álvarez Joaquín Javier , Cueva Lovelle Juan Manuel , Espitia Helbert Eduardo
Published: June 2017

El enfoque evolutivo como también el comportamiento social han mostrado ser una muy buena alternativa en los problemas de optimización donde se presentan varios objetivos a optimizar. De la misma forma, existen todavía diferentes vias para el desarrollo de este tipo de algoritmos. Con el fin de tener un buen panorama sobre las posibles mejoras que se pueden lograr en los algoritmos de optimización bio-inspirados multi-objetivo es necesario establecer un buen referente de los diferentes enfoques y desarrollos que se han realizado hasta el momento.En este documento se revisan los algoritmos de optimización multi-objetivo más recientes tanto genéticos como basados en enjambres de partículas. Se realiza una revisión critica con el fin de establecer las características más relevantes de cada enfoque y de esta forma identificar las diferentes alternativas que se tienen para el desarrollo de un algoritmo de optimización multi-objetivo bio-inspirado.Review about genetic multi-objective optimization algorithms and based in particle swarmABSTRACTThe evolutionary approach as social behavior have proven to be a very good alternative in optimization problems where several targets have to be optimized. Likewise, there are still different ways to develop such algorithms. In order to have a good view on possible improvements that can be achieved in the optimization algorithms bio-inspired multi-objective it is necessary to establish a good reference of different approaches and developments that have taken place so far. In this paper the algorithms of multi-objective optimization newest based on both genetic and swarms of particles are reviewed. Critical review in order to establish the most relevant characteristics of each approach and thus identify the different alternatives have to develop an optimization algorithm multi-purpose bio-inspired design is performed.Keywords: evolutionary computation, evolutionary multi-objective optimization.