bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic ocean noise and cetacean population models
Authors: Williams Rob , Cholewiak Danielle , Clark Christopher W. , Erbe Christine , George Craig , Lacy Robert , Leaper Russell , Moore Sue , New Leslie , Parsons Chris , Rosenbaum Howard , Rowles Teri , Simmonds Mark , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Wright Andrew
Published: November 2020

Recent years have seen rapid development of tools and approaches to model population consequences of disturbance in several marine mammal populations from high-amplitude, acute sound sources. Ocean noise from shipping and other maritime activities is now recognized as a chronic, habitat-level stressor. In order to understand population consequences of chronic ocean noise to whales and their populations, advances are needed in several key areas, which are explored in this review. One tractable way to predict population-level consequences of noise-mediated disruption of feeding, which can include both behavioural responses and foraging opportunities lost due to acoustic masking. Masking may be defined as both the process and the amount by which the threshold of hearing of one sound is raised by the presence of another. Parameterising any such model requires information on sensitivity and vulnerability of large whales to ocean noise, in which sensitivity is the degree to which marine features respond to a stressor (e.g., behavioural responses to noise or proportional reduction in foraging efficiency due to masking), and vulnerability is the probability that whales are exposed noise to which they are sensitive. Efforts are underway to provide much-needed information on hearing sensitivity in baleen whales, the role of acoustic cues in foraging, and deriving links between long-term variability in prey availability and whale demography. As this information becomes available, we expect rapid advancement on modelling population consequences of acoustic masking in baleen whales, because those efforts can leverage substantial investments in statistical methodological approaches to model population consequences of disturbance. Pathways of effects other than via foraging disruption (e.g., stress hormones affecting reproduction or disease) are possible, but we illustrate potential ways to proceed based on this tractable approach, namely noise-mediated impacts on foraging. This report highlights case studies of local, national, international, and inter-governmental efforts to monitor and reduce the contribution of global shipping to ocean ambient noise. The following outlines approaches that can be used to assess the risk to baleen whale recovery of existing levels of ocean noise, and consequently, predict the benefits likely to arise from reducing chronic ocean noise.
The New "Covid-19" Home Office Worker: Evolving Computer-Human Interactions and the Perceived Value of Workplace Technology
Authors: Kelly Jamie
Published: November 2020

The context for this paper is the ongoing Covid-19 Global Pandemic and the guidance from the majority of nation-state governments for all central office based type workers to completely shift to working from home, advice which business and organisations adopted. Recent European research has established that 85% [1]  of knowledge workers up to the Covid-19 Pandemic worked 80% or more of their time in a central office environment.   Suddenly these office workers had to relocate their work into their homes without any opportunities for their employers to plan this move. Part of the challenge was access to the right technology. This problem was quickly resolved by the purchase of the relevant technology but not necessarily the new human-computer interaction mode. The focus of the field research was to assess the evolving human-computer of the office-based worker before the Covid-19 Pandemic. The paper has two intended outcomes. First, to provide short term insights to better understand the impact of rapid change of physical and technology-centric workspaces, due to Covid-19 on user behaviours and experience. Second to use the research to deliver better user experience design and collaboration and how technologies such Augmented Reality could enhance that experience.
Single candidates in direct election in Tangerang City, Tangerang Regency, Lebak Regency, Makassar City
Authors: Ngenget Indiana
Published: November 2020

This study analyzes the "single candidate" in the simultaneous local elections in Indonesia 2018, the case of Tangerang Regency, Tangerang City, Lebak Regency (Banten Province) and Makassar City (South Sulawesi Province). The method used is qualitative with descriptive explanatory research type. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and library research (library research). Research findings, the problem of "single candidate" occurs from the nominating stage (nomination threshold and conditions of support for individual candidates), which causes political parties to be pragmatic because they do not have the ability to compete openly, so they choose to build coalitions to meet the conditions or vote in the nominating process. Empirically found factors that encourage the occurrence of "single candidate" in Tangerang Regency, Tangerang City, Lebak Regency are incumbent candidates who have high electability so that political parties count to be pragmatic by conducting coalitions. In the case of Makassar City a "single candidate" occurred because the competitor was disqualified. The problem of "single candidate" is an empirical phenomenon of the weakness of political regeneration by political parties from the center and the regions, as well as the high dowry requirements of the bearers of the candidates. The vote recapitulation results in three regions (Tangerang Regency, Tangerang City, Lebak Regency) were won by the dominant "single candidate", while in Makassar City the "single candidate" was defeated by an empty box.
THE IMPORTANCE OF STATE SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF FORESTRY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Iksanov Radmir , Vladimirov Igor ,   Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
Published: November 2020

Control and supervision activities in the field of forest use are a complex type of activity of state authorities to identify, suppress and prevent forest violations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics and nature of violations in the forest sector. When adopting new regulations governing control and supervision activities in the field of forest use, the legislator must take into account the requirements of the administrative reform, the regulatory guillotine, and the risk-based approach. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that this problem exists not only in Russia, but also beyond its borders, therefore, the solution to this problem must be developed and implemented at the global level, united by the efforts of states in the field of forestry. The authors believe that the main problem due to which forest violations occur is the insufficient interest of the state to bring this industry to the world level. Problems in the field of forest management, control and supervision activities negatively affect the development of the world and, as a consequence, the regional economy.
INTERACTION BETWEEN SELF-GOVERNMENT AND SOCIALLY-ORIENTED NON-COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: CONDITION, CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
Authors:   Public Fund for City Development, Panchikhinа Olga , Akhmetyanova Rimma ,   Center for Social Development and Human Capital Formation Studies of the State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Institute of Strategic Research of the Republic of Bashkortostan”
Published: November 2020

The paper, based on the analysis of data from sociological surveys, deals with problems of interaction between local self-government bodies and non-commercial organization (NCO). The article states that the process of forming partnerships between local governments and NCOs is in the process of being institutionalized. The collaboration initiative is more in the hands of the non-profit sector. Despite the generally favorable NCO-climate in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the attitude of local governments towards the non-profit sector as an equal partner in solving social problems and working with the population is developing at a rather slow pace. An important direction is to increase public confidence in the NCO through the development of civil sector information system to provide the best information to society.
POLICY FORMATION INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA: FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS
Authors:   Ufa College of Statistics, Informatics and Computer Engineering, Kunsbayev Saifutdin
Published: November 2020

In the article, based on the analysis of the periodizations already proposed in Russian science, an original interpretation of the main stages of the formation of inclusive education policy in modern Russia at the Federal and regional levels is developed, and the qualitative characteristics of each stage are formulated. At the Federal level, there are three stages of implementing the policy of inclusive education: the first-from 1992 to 2007 (creating prerequisites for a modern system of inclusive education using world standards); the second — from 2008 to 2012 (completion of the creation of a special regulatory framework for inclusive education policy); the third — from 2012 to the present day (improvement of the regulatory framework for inclusive education policy, its intensive implementation at all levels of education). At the regional level (for example, the Republic of Bashkortostan), the following stages of inclusive education policy are also being formed: the first-from 1992 to 2012 (starting with the creation of the post-Soviet regional educational system, ending with the first attempts to implement the regional policy of inclusion); the second — from 2012 to 2020 (development of its own regulatory framework, completion of the foundations of the regional system of inclusive education); the third — from 2020 (approval of the “Concept for the development of inclusive education in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020–2025” (June 17, 2020)).
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Novorossiysk Branch of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov, Martirosyan Oxana
Published: November 2020

The economic crisis caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious long-term consequences for young people around the world, primarily because States have suspended funding for education and a large number of youth projects, and many children and adolescents have not been able to implement their plans for quality education and decent work. The international labour organization conducted a large-scale study on “Youth and COVID-19: impact on jobs, education, rights and mental well-being”, covering 112 countries and 120 thousand respondents. The article presents some results of this study, reflecting the situation in the youth labor market.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRAYER TOURISM IN THE TURKIC REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Ananchenkova Polina
Published: November 2020

The main aspects that differentiate prayer tourism from religious and pilgrimage are the following: trip participants; motives that promote the participation of a person in the trip; main idea and purpose prayer tourism; travel period; tourist destination, place of travel, determining for prayer tourism is the concept of “place of power”. Such places have always been given sacred meaning, performed rituals, erected temples and interacted with the strong energy of this place. The purpose of the article — to consider the concept of prayer tourism as a new type of tourism, its main characteristics, present routes and objects of prayer tourism in Turkic regions of the Russian Federation. By the method of content analysis over 500 scientific publications on religious issues were analyzed tourism and pilgrimage. As a result, in 6 Turkic regions of the Russian Federation (Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Khakassia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Yakutia (Sakha), Dagestan), the most popular sites were identified, defined by tourists as a “place of power”, attractive as a place where miracles are performed.
FACTORES DE RIESGO FAMILIAR EN EL CONSUMO DE DROGAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA CONDUCTA ANTISOCIAL EN ADOLESCENTES. DISTRITO DE SALUD 09D08. 2019
Authors: Hidalgo Candell Cassandra Carolina
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El consumo de drogas y las conductas antisociales en adolescentes son un problema social y de salud pública que afecta gravemente a la mayoría de los países y Ecuador no es la excepción, ya que, requiere de acciones preventivas inmediatas y de promoción de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo familiar en el consumo de drogas y su relación con las conductas antisociales en adolescentes del distrito 09D08. SALUD. 2018 – 2019. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación se realizó bajo el paradigma positivista con enfoque cuantitativo. La modalidad de investigación es de campo de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, y de corte  transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 234 adolescentes y la muestra por 177. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y suinstrumento el cuestionario constituido por 59 items. Resultados: el 74% de adolescentes presenta economía familiar baja el 57% de los adolescentes indican manifestaciones de abuso, descuido y abandono dentro de su entorno familiar. El 53% de los adolescentes consumieron alcohol cada mes, mientras el 28% lo hizo cada semana y el 20% a diario y el 69% de los adolescentes admite robar, cosas o dinero. Conclusiones: se encontró que los principales factores influyentes son los ambientes familiares abusivos, violentos y permisivos. Los adolescentes durante la sesión del grupo focal, manifestaron la situación familiar influyó en sus conductas antisociales y consumo de drogas.
PERCEPCIÓN SOBRE RIESGOS ERGONÓMICOS DEL PERSONAL DE SALUD DE LA CONSULTA EXTERNA DEL HOSPITAL DELFINA TORRES DE CONCHA EN EL AÑO 2019
Authors: Calderón Montes Romina Soraya , Palencia Gutiérrez Esperanza Marbella
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El trabajo se refiere a una de las principales actividades del ser humano y representa aproximadamente la tercera parte de su vida, por lo que tratar de entender losfenómenos laborales desde la óptica de los trabajadores es fundamental. Por tanto considerar la percepción sobre riesgos laborales, como un elemento importante para comprender el comportamiento que tienen los trabajadores frente a un determinado riesgo a nivel de su ocupación u oficio, deber ser estudiado minuciosamente. Objetivo: determinar la percepción sobre riesgos ergonómicos del personal de salud de la consulta externa del Hospital “Delfina Torres de Concha” en el año 2019. Materiales y métodos: la metodología utilizada fue bajo el paradigma positivismo de enfoque cuantitativo y según su alcance descriptivo, contó como parte de un diseño de investigación de campo, no experimental transversal, ya que en primer lugar no se realizó la manipulación deliberada de la variable, se observaron situaciones ya existentes y, en segundo lugar, permitió el análisis de la información basado en cantidades o dimensiones numéricas. Resultados: el 44% se encuentra en un nivel regular de conocimiento representado por 12- 13 respuestas correctas de un total de 14 preguntas. El 40% se encuentra en un rango deficiente por tener entre 0-11 respuestas correctas. Y, por último, el 16% que presenta 8 personas está en un rango bueno por tener 14 respuestas. Conclusión: se determinó que la percepción sobre riesgo ergonómicos del personal de salud de la consulta externa, no es adecuada, debido a que en esta área sedebería tener un nivel de conocimiento mayor acerca de este tipo de riesgo, para prevenir enfermedades ocupacionales.
FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA DECISIÓN PARA INICIAR EL TRATAMIENTO DE MODALIDAD DE DIÁLISIS EN PACIENTES DEL HOSPITAL “ABEL GILBERT PONTÓN” – 2019
Authors: Acebo Murillo Mariela del Rocío , Jiménez Luna Corina Lisbeth , Guerrero Hidalgo Luis Enrique , Cabanilla Proaño Erika Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal crónica es la cuarta causa de mortalidad en Ecuador, además, es un problema de salud pública por su elevada incidencia, prevalencia, costoselevados en la atención de salud, y también por su morbimortalidad, que va en aumento. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que influyen en las decisiones sobre el inicio del tratamientode modalidad de diálisis en los pacientes con problemas renales crónicos para tener una conceptualización clara y precisa sobre esta técnica, evidenciando las ventajas y desventajas de las terapias dialíticas. Materiales y métodos: la metodología se inserta en el paradigma positivista bajo el enfoque cuantitativo. La modalidad fue de campo, de nivel descriptivo-deductivo, de diseño no experimental, de corte trasversal. La población está conformada por, aproximadamente, 500 pacientes ingresados en el área de Nefrología del Hospital AbelGilbert Pontón durante enero a junio del 2019. La muestra se calculó mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple representado por 95 pacientes ingresados por vez primera al área nefrológica. Resultados: indicaron que desde el género se afectan porcentajes similares cercanos al 50%, los intervalos de edades más afectadas por las ERC, es el segmento entre 50 y 80 años donde se agrupa el 64% de los afectados, según su procedencia el 79% provienen del área urbana, el 82% de los pacientes no saben que es una diálisis, el 85% no conocen las modalidades de diálisis que existen y más del 90% de los pacientes admiten tener poco o ningún conocimiento para tomar una decisión en cuanto al tratamiento a  seleccionar. Conclusión: el estudio determinó que la causa más relevante en torno a la capacidad de los pacientes para decidir sobre su terapia dialítica es inherente a la información que poseen sobre ésta. Finalmente se sugiere un programa de formación integral como salida a la causa fundamental detectada.
Survey of Hearing Aid Conditions for Hearing Impaired Persons While Driving
Authors: Ikeda Hiroshi , Minami Shigeyuki
Published: November 2020

Hearing impaired persons are required to drive with hearing aids to supplement their hearing ability, however, there has not been sufficient discussion regarding the impact of the use of a hearing aid on driving a vehicle. In order to investigate the actual usage and driving conditions of using hearing aids while driving a vehicle, this paper uses a questionnaire to survey (1) how easy it is to drive when wearing hearing aids, and (2) how often hearing aids are not worn while driving. Concerning the ease of driving when wearing a hearing aid, it was suggested that people with congenital hearing loss were more likely to rely on visual information, and those with acquired hearing loss continue to use their experience of hearing. When the level of disability is high, it is difficult to drive when using the hearing aid, and when the disability level is low, it is easier to drive. Regarding the frequency of driving without wearing hearing aids, about 60 % of respondents had such an experience. Those who often drive without hearing aids had experienced headaches due to noise from wearing hearing aids compared to those who wear hearing aids at all times. Hearing aids are necessary assistive devices for hearing impaired persons to obtain hearing information, and to provide a safe driving environment. Therefore, this paper addresses issues to maintain a comfortable driving environment while wearing a hearing aid.
Time to transplantation as predictor of hepatocellular recurrence after liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rodriguez Santiago , Ernani Lucas , de Medeiros Fleck Alfeu , Marroni Claudio Augusto , Bandeira de Mello Brandão Ajacio
Published: November 2020

Hepatocellular recurrence after liver transplantation (LTx) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between waiting time and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in patients undergoing LTx for HCC. We studied 250 patients who underwent LTx between 2007-2015. Survival and recurrence curves were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Univariate hazard ratios for predictors of post-LTx HCC recurrence were determined by Cox proportional hazards regressions. There were no significant differences in recurrence rates when stratified by wait time to transplant. There were also no significant differences in rates of recurrence when the short (< 165 days) and long (> 335 days) wait-time groups were combined, although in this pooled group the 1-year and 5-year cumulative likelihoods of HCC recurrence were higher than in the group with a wait time of 165-334 days. Other predictors of recurrence were microvascular invasion, explant beyond Milan Brazil criteria and tumor diameter ≥ 2.6. This study found no association between wait time to transplantation and recurrence rates in patients who received LTx for HCC and confirmed that variables associated with tumor biology are associated with HCC recurrence.
Analysis of the therapeutic hemp market potential
Authors: Prymakov Oleh
Published: November 2020

The question of actualization of the development of the medical hemp market in Ukraine against the background of the global tendency of increasing interest in this sector of the economy is raised in the article.
Teachers’ Opinions About Virtual Reality Technology in School-based Agricultural Education
Authors: Wells Trent , Miller Greg
Published: November 2020

Technology in school settings has undergone a tremendous degree of evolution in recent decades. Educational technologies can be used for a wide range of applications. In school-based agricultural education (SBAE) settings, an assortment of educational technologies is often used to achieve instructional objectives. As a computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR) technology has been applied in educational contexts for years and is anticipated to grow in use and popularity. VR technology has received little attention in SBAE-focused research. Through the lens of an adapted version of Fishbein and Ajzen’s (2010) reasoned action model, we sought to describe the opinions teachers have regarding VR technology in SBAE. Following Dillman, Smyth, and Christian’s (2014) recommendations, we used an Internet-based questionnaire to collect data from 90 SBAE teachers in Iowa during the 2017-2018 academic year. Our results indicated the teachers generally held favorable opinions about VR technology intertwined with a considerable degree of uncertainty about the technology and its uses. To facilitate opportunities for VR technology-related professional development, we recommend agricultural teacher education faculty develop their own knowledge and skills related to VR technology applications.
Agricultural Technical Skills Needed by Entry Level Agriculture Teachers: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Albritton Matthew C. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: November 2020

Many students currently in preservice agricultural education teacher education programs do not have traditional agricultural backgrounds. Many of those students are experiencing skills they will be required to teach or utilize upon employment for the first and sometimes only time in introductory course work within their teacher education programs. This study utilized an expert panel from within the Southern Region of the AAAE composed of teacher educators, teachers that have taught for more than five years (veteran teachers), and teachers with less than three years’ experience (new teachers) in a modified Delphi technique to develop a consensus list of technical agricultural skills that preservice agricultural teachers should possess prior to their first teaching job. Beginning agricultural education teacher skills were declared across seven categories. The agricultural mechanics category had the most (31 skills), followed by horticulture (24 skills), and animal science (14 skills). The remaining skills fell in the categories of business/program management (8 skills), natural resources/soils (5 skills), food safety/food science (5 skills), and safety (4 skills). An emergent finding showed differences in opinions between new teachers, veteran teachers, and teacher educators in how many skills new teachers should possess.
Secondary organic aerosol yields from the oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Charan Sophia M. , Buenconsejo Reina S. , Seinfeld John H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Recent inventory-based analysis suggests that emissions of volatile chemical products in urban areas are competitive with those from the transportation sector. Understanding the potential for secondary organic aerosol formation from these volatile chemical products is therefore critical to predicting levels of aerosol and for formulating policy to reduce aerosol exposure.
Experimental and computationally simulated environmental chamber data provide an understanding of aerosol yield and chemistry under relevant urban conditions (5–200 ppb NO and 291–312 K) and give insight into the effect of volatile chemical products on the production of secondary organic aerosol. Benzyl alcohol, one of these volatile chemical products, is found to have a large secondary organic aerosol formation potential. At NO concentrations of ∼ 80 ppb and 291 K, secondary organic aerosol mass yields for benzyl alcohol can reach 1.
Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution – Part 1: Selected thermodynamic conditions
Authors: Drueke Sonja , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Cumulus entrainment, and its consequent dilution of buoyant cloud cores, strongly regulates the life cycle of shallow cumuli yet remains poorly understood. Herein, new insights into this problem are obtained through large-eddy simulations that systematically investigate the sensitivity of shallow-cumulus dilution to cloud-layer relative humidity (RH), cloud- and subcloud-layer depths, and continentality (i.e., the land–ocean contrast). The simulated cloud-core dilution is found to be strongly sensitive to continentality, with fractional dilution rates twice as large over the ocean as over land. Using a similarity theory based on the turbulent-kinetic-energy (TKE) budget, the reduced cloud-core dilution over land is attributed to larger cloud-base mass flux (mb), driven by stronger surface heating and subcloud turbulence. As mb increases, the fractional dilution rate must decrease to maintain energetic equilibrium. A positive sensitivity is also found to cloud-layer RH, with the core dilution increasing by 25 %–50 % for a 10 % enhancement in RH. This sensitivity is interpreted using the buoyancy-sorting hypothesis, in that mixtures of cloud and environmental air are more likely to become negatively buoyant and detrain (rather than diluting the cloud core) in drier cloud layers. By contrast, the sensitivities of (marine) shallow-cumulus dilution to cloud- and subcloud-layer depths are weak, with a 3 % decrease for a doubling for the former and a 4 % reduction in dilution for a 50 % deeper subcloud layer. These surprisingly weak sensitivities are readily explained by offsetting effects in the TKE similarity theory. Altogether, these experimental findings provide useful, though still incomplete, guidance for flow-dependent shallow-cumulus entrainment formulations in large-scale models.
Variability in gaseous elemental mercury at Villum Research Station, Station Nord, in North Greenland from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Skov Henrik , Hjorth Jens , Nordstrøm Claus , Jensen Bjarne , Christoffersen Christel , Bech Poulsen Maria , Baldtzer Liisberg Jesper , Beddows David , Dall'Osto Manuel , Christensen Jesper Heile
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mercury is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and atmospheric transport
is an important source for this element in the Arctic. Measurements of
gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) have been carried out at Villum Research
Station (Villum) at Station Nord, situated in northern Greenland. The
measurements cover the period 1999–2017, with a gap in the data for the
period 2003–2008 (for a total of 11 years). The measurements were compared
with model results from the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM)
that describes the contribution from direct anthropogenic transport, marine
emissions and general background concentration. The percentage of time spent over different surfaces was calculated by back-trajectory analysis, and the reaction kinetics were determined by a comparison with ozone. The GEM measurements were analysed for trends, both seasonal and annual. The only significant trends found were negative ones for the winter and autumn months. Comparison of the measurements to simulations using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) indicated that direct transport of anthropogenic emissions of mercury accounts for between 14 % and 17 % of the measured mercury. Analysis of the kinetics of the observed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) confirms the results of a previous study at Villum of the competing reactions of GEM and ozone with Br, which suggests that the lifetime of GEM is about a month. However, a GEM lifetime of 12 months gave the best agreement between the model and measurements. The chemical lifetime is shorter, and thus, the apparent lifetime appears to be the result of deposition followed by reduction and re-emission; for this reason, the term “relaxation time” is preferred to “lifetime” for GEM. The relaxation time for GEM causes a delay between emission reductions and the effect on actual concentrations. No significant annual trend was found for the measured concentrations of GEM over the measurement period, despite emission reductions. This is
interesting, and together with low direct transport of GEM to Villum as
found by the DEHM model, it shows that the dynamics of GEM are very complex. Therefore, in the coming years, intensive measurement networks are needed to describe the global distribution of mercury in the environment as the use of models to predict future levels will still be highly uncertain. The situation is increasingly complex due to global changes that most likely will change the transport patterns of mercury, not only in the atmosphere but also between matrixes.
Performance evaluation of multiple satellite rainfall products for Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB), Ethiopia
Authors: Wedajo Gizachew Kabite , Muleta Misgana Kebede , Awoke Berhan Gessesse
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Precipitation is a crucial driver of hydrological processes. Ironically, reliable characterization of its spatiotemporal variability is challenging. Ground-based rainfall measurements using rain gauges can be more accurate. However, installing a dense gauging network to capture rainfall variability can be impractical. Satellite-based rainfall estimates (SREs) can be good alternatives, especially for data-scarce basins like in Ethiopia. However, SREs rainfall is plagued with uncertainties arising from many sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the latest versions of several SREs products (i.e., CHIRPS2, IMERG6, TAMSAT3, and 3B42/3) for the Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB). Both statistical and hydrologic modelling approaches were used for performance evaluation. The Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT) was used for hydrological simulations. The results showed that whereas all four SREs products are promising to estimate and detect rainfall for the DRB, the CHIRPS2 dataset performed the best at annual, seasonal, and monthly timescales. The hydrologic simulation-based evaluation showed that SWAT's calibration results are sensitive to the rainfall dataset. The hydrologic response of the basin is found to be dominated by the subsurface processes, primarily by the groundwater flux. Overall, the study showed that both CHIRPS2 and IMERG6 products can be reliable rainfall data sources for hydrologic analysis of the Dhidhessa River Basin.
Arctic sea ice cover data from spaceborne SAR by deep learning
Authors: Wang Yi-Ran , Li Xiao-Ming
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Widely used sea ice concentration and sea ice cover in polar regions are derived mainly from spaceborne microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, and the typical spatial resolution of these products ranges from several to dozens of kilometers. Due to dramatic changes in polar sea ice, high-resolution sea ice cover data are drawing increasing attention for polar navigation, environmental research, and offshore operations. In this paper, we focused on developing an approach for deriving a high-resolution sea ice cover product for the Arctic using Sentinel-1 (S1) dual-polarization (horizontal-horizontal, HH, and horizontal-vertical, HV) data in extra wide swath (EW) mode. The approach for discriminating sea ice from open water by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is based on a modified U-Net architecture, a deep learning network. By employing an integrated stacking model to combine multiple U-Net classifiers with diverse specializations, sea ice segmentation is achieved with superior accuracy over any individual classifier. We applied the proposed approach to over 28,000 S1 EW images acquired in 2019 to obtain sea ice cover products in a high spatial resolution of 400 m. By converting the S1-derived sea ice cover to concentration and then compared with Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sea ice concentration data, showing an average absolute difference of 5.55 % with seasonal fluctuations. A direct comparison with Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) daily sea ice cover data achieves an average accuracy of 93.98 %. These results show that the developed S1-derived sea ice cover results are comparable to the AMSR and IMS data in terms of overall accuracy but superior to these data in presenting detailed sea ice cover information, particularly in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Data are available at: https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00273 (Wang and Li, 2020).
How realistic are the wakes of scaled wind turbine models?
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Campagnolo Filippo , Canet Helena , Barreiro Daniel J. , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze to which extent wind tunnel experiments can represent the behavior of full-scale wind turbine wakes. The question is relevant because on the one hand scaled models are extensively used for wake and farm control studies, whereas on the other hand not all wake-relevant physical characteristics of a full-scale turbine can be exactly matched by a scaled model. In particular, a detailed scaling analysis reveals that the scaled model accurately represents the principal physical phenomena taking place in the outer shell of the near wake, whereas differences exist in its inner core. A large eddy simulation actuator line method is first validated with respect to wind tunnel measurements, and then used to perform a detailed comparison of the wake at the two scales. It is concluded that, notwithstanding the existence of some mismatched effects, the scaled wake is remarkably similar to the full-scale one, except in the immediate proximity of the rotor.
Reliability analysis of offshore wind turbine foundations under lateral cyclic loading
Authors: Zorzi Gianluca , Mankar Amol , Velarde Joey , Sørensen John D. , Arnold Patrick , Kirsch Fabian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The design of foundations for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) requires the assessment of long-term performance of the soil–structure interaction (SSI), which is subjected to many cyclic
loadings. In terms of serviceability limit state (SLS), it has to be ensured that the load on the foundation does not exceed the operational tolerance prescribed by the wind turbine manufacturer throughout its lifetime. This work aims at developing a probabilistic approach along with a reliability framework with emphasis on verifying the SLS criterion in terms of maximum allowable rotation during an extreme cyclic loading event. This reliability framework allows the quantification of uncertainties in soil properties and the constitutive soil model for cyclic loadings and extreme environmental conditions and verifies that the foundation design meets a specific target reliability level. A 3D finite-element (FE) model is used to predict the long-term response of the SSI, accounting for the accumulation of permanent cyclic strain experienced by the soil. The proposed framework was employed for the design of a large-diameter monopile supporting a 10 MW offshore wind turbine.
Benchmarking Bitcoin Adoption in Canada: Awareness, Ownership and Usage in 2018
Authors: Huynh Kim , Henry Christopher , Nicholls Gradon , Nicholson Mitchell
Published: November 2020

The Bank of Canada commissioned the Bitcoin Omnibus Survey in 2016 to monitor trends in the adoption and use of Bitcoin and other cryptoassets. This report presents findings from the latest iteration of the survey, which was conducted in 2018. We find that between 2016 and 2018 the share of Canadians who were aware of Bitcoin increased from 62 percent to 89 percent and those that owned Bitcoin increased from 3 percent to 5 percent. However, the share of past owners also increased, suggesting an influx of Bitcoin owners who subsequently divested after the steep rise of prices in 2017. The main reason for owning Bitcoin remains speculation, though this share decreased slightly since 2017. On the other hand, the share of Canadians who reported using Bitcoin for transactions a few times a month or more increased. Finally, we discuss how Bitcoin adopters differ from overall Canadians with respect to their financial literacy and cash holdings.
Da magia à razão
Authors: Lira Wagner Lins
Published: November 2020

Este artigo se propõe à compreensão social e antropológica das inter-relações mantidas historicamente entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas, a subjetividade e as estruturas sociais; fenômenos mantenedores de conexões vitais às sociedades, representando uma das várias modalidades de relação entre natureza e cultura. Aqui, nos será possível refletirmos acerca do papel histórico e social de agências e agentes, “tradicionais” e ocidentais, que se propendiam a manipular, consumir e distribuir “substâncias especiais” no “Velho” e no “Novo Mundo”. Nas “sociedades tradicionais” indicaremos como os elementos naturais eram cercados por tabus e precauções, estando os psicoativos controlados por ritos, mitos, regras e sanções, cujos meios de produção, consumo e distribuição repousavam em sistemas de dádiva e reciprocidade, nos quais notamos a inexistência de patologias e maiores danos associados ao uso de psicoativos, como constatado nas “modernas cidades ocidentais” em processos de industrialização.
O problema do nome próprio e o projeto literário machadiano
Authors: Campos Raquel Machado Gonçalves
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar alguns dos dispositivos de nomeação das personagens, presentes nos primeiros romances de Machado de Assis. As práticas machadianas de nomeação são discutidas aqui à luz de uma história da onomástica literária, considerando-se em particular seu momento romântico. Pretende-se, assim, demonstrar que Machado de Assis recusou os termos correntes do tratamento da questão do nome próprio entre os romancistas românticos. Ao contrário deles, criou narradores que não falam sobre os nomes das personagens e praticou a homonímia e a nomeação irônica. Mas nem por isso se deve concluir que o autor de Helena era um escritor antirromântico. Uma outra faceta de seu uso do nome próprio permite compreender os verdadeiros termos do projeto literário de Machado de Assis: não a crítica, mas o aperfeiçoamento do Romantismo.
O Ensino de História nos tempos atuais de instabilidade política e econômica no Brasil
Authors: Penna Mariana Affonso
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados provenientes de trabalho de iniciação científica em História, desenvolvido no Ensino Médio O objetivo foi refletir acerca do ensino de história no Brasil dos dias atuais – suas principais tendências, limites, disputas e desafios. Consistiu no levantamento e na organização de dados quantitativos e qualitativos no interior do campus Goiânia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, precedido pelo levantamento e análise de material jornalístico e de legislação concernentes ao ensino de história, em específico, e de humanidades em geral. Esta pesquisa buscou ainda refletir sobre a percepção que docentes e discentes desta instituição possuem sobre a importância e significados do ensino de história para a formação profissional e cidadã. Para isso, comparamos e analisamos as percepções apresentas frente as importantes polêmicas e mudanças da atual conjuntura, pautadas pela grande mídia e expressas em alterações das legislações educacionais.
Por que estudar a antiguidade da Península Ibérica no Brasil?
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu , Silva Filipe Noé
Published: November 2020

O artigo inicia-se com a pergunta, porque estudar a Antiguidade da Península Ibérica no Brasil? Apresenta-se a perspectiva adotada, fundada na História Externalista da Ciência. Em seguida, é apresentada a trajetória histórica brasileira, em particular do ensino e estudo da História. Ressalta-se a relevância da História Ibérica para entender a sociedade brasileira, em sua trajetória: o predomínio da língua latina; características culturais tão importantes como o patrimonialismo, o compadrio e as formas de subordinação social; a mescla étnica, cultural e religiosa. Conclui-se pela importância do ensino e da pesquisa sobre a Antiguidade da Península Ibérica.
Consciência e fenômenos mentais inconscientes: as visões de David Armstrong e John Searle
Authors: De Athayde Prata Tárik
Published: November 2020

O artigo examina as concepções de consciência, bem como as concepções de fenômenos mentais inconscientes, de David Armstrong e John Searle. Enquanto Armstrong entende a consciência como decorrente de uma percepção de segunda ordem, de modo que um fenômeno inconsciente é apenas um fenômeno mental que não é percebido, Searle entende a consciência como um estado global, o que torna sua visão do inconsciente mais complicada. Estados mentais inconscientes não passam de padrões de atividade neuronal, padrões que são capazes de causar estados mentais conscientes nas circunstâncias adequadas. Porém, enquanto a teoria de Armstrong é perfeitamente coerente, a visão de Searle se mostra inconsistente, pois a eficácia causal que ele atribui aos fenômenos inconscientes é incompatível com o papel fundamental que ele atribui à consciência no domínio dos fenômenos mentais.
O ser verdadeiro (on alethes) como o modo mais próprio de se dizer o ser: A leitura de Heidegger do capítulo Theta 10 da Metaphysica
Authors: Cruz Estevão Lemos
Published: November 2020

A tradição aristotélica, sobretudo depois de Brentano e sua unidade analógica do ser, tem a tendência de compreender a unidade dos diversos modo de se dizer o ser a partir da categoria primeira, a ousia. Tal tendência resultará naturalmente na necessidade de se desqualificar o capítulo Theta 10 da Metaphysica no qual Aristóteles propõe o ser verdadeiro (on alethes) como o modo mais próprio de dizer o ser. Nossa investigação pretende mostrar como Heidegger pôde desvincular-se de tal tradição ao pensar a unidade da plurivocidade do ser a partir do que ele chama de presentidade constante (ständige Anwesenheit). Para verificar a validade da tese heideggeriana proporemos acompanhar como tal presentidade se deixar visualizar nos modos de se dizer o ser segundo o ser verdadeiro (on alethes), segundo a energeia e segundo o ser por acidente (symbebekos).
Povo indígena Apinajé: ritual da tora grande (párkaper)
Authors: Alves Torres Carina Alves , Costa Miguel Oliveira
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo analisa o ritual da festa da tora grande do povo indígena Apinajé, através da observação participante, na aldeia Brejinho. O povo indígena Apinajé cultua com muita frequência os rituais e festas tradicionais, a corrida de tora é um ritual para homenagear as pessoas falecidas, como demonstração do fim do luto. O ritual festivo, na aldeia Brejinho, ocorreu entre os dias 23 de agosto de 2019 e 04 de setembro de 2019. A metodologia utilizada, neste trabalho, foi a qualitativa, com o método da etnografia e técnica da observação participante. Através da pesquisa de campo, notamos a relevância social que este ritual representa na cultura Apinajé, sendo perpetuada com bastante constância, nos dias atuais.
Antagonismo territorial, una tensión productiva para pensar el colonia-lismo chileno
Authors: Caniuqueo Huircapan Sergio
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo intenta hacer una síntesis de dos artículos publicados con 15 años de diferencia, sobre un tema tan central como son las percepciones territoriales antagónicas, en procesos de luchas y reivindicaciones de territorios indígenas, que para este caso se trata del Pueblo mapuche ubicado en Gulu Mapu, cuyo telón de fondo es el colonialismo chileno. El enfrentamiento, en términos de concepciones distintas, tiene efectos en distintos ámbitos, pero al reconocerlas también abren la posibilidad de pensar situaciones de convivencia territorial
Meà e a luta contra o avanço do coronavírus entre os Apinajé
Authors: Apinajé Sheila Baxy Pereira de Castro
Published: November 2020

Neste texto, conto como a organização das lideranças e a atuação dos guardiões são fundamentais para lutarmos contra o avanço da pandemia da doença Covid-19 que nos traz lembranças de momentos terríveis para nosso povo e de doenças muito perigosas. Mostro a força da união Apinajé para que consigamos superar a crise que o mundo vive atualmente
Facebook® como meio de divulgação científica: aliado ou inimigo?
Authors: Rosa Talita dos Santos , Faleiros Fabiana , Asito Larissa Yoshie , Silva Ninna Hirata , Silva Carla Beatriz Pereira da , Silva Simone Souza da Costa
Published: November 2020

Diferentes estratégias para divulgação de uma nova ferramenta de comunicação e interação em saúde, voltada para pessoas com deficiência, foram aplicadas no Facebook® com o objetivo de identificar quais estratégias de divulgação aplicadas ao Facebook® promoveram mais acessos à rede social D Eficiência e caracterizar seus usuários. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e longitudinal, com dados extraídos do gerenciador de métricas do Facebook . A divulgação com busca ativa foi superior a passiva, sendo responsável por 91,4% (n=4.519) dos acessos, via celular (71%) por mulheres (81%). Publicações com hiperlink e imagens foram mais engajadoras. O Facebook® mostrou-se como uma ferramenta eficaz por atingir números expressivos de pessoas, e deve ser considerado na divulgação de novas tecnologias. Para tal, é necessário criar conteúdos atrativos e busca ativa de usuários. Estudos complementares devem continuar a avaliação dessa estratégia, com análise da divulgação orgânica e divulgação com impulsionamento pago.
Tecnologia educativa para cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes dependentes de cuidados especiais no domicílio
Authors: Oliveira Natália Lúcia Lima de , Barbosa Eryjosy Marculino Guerreiro , Pitombeira Mardênia Gomes Vasconcelos , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de
Published: November 2020

Materiais educativos podem promover resultados expressivos na promoção da saúde. No entanto, a contribuição desses materiais depende do processo de elaboração e das formas de comunicação utilizadas para transmitir as informações. O estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma tecnologia educativa para cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes dependentes de cuidados especiais no domicílio. Estudo metodológico realizado em cinco fases: sistematização de conteúdo, escolha das ilustrações, composição da cartilha, validação da cartilha por juízes e pelos cuidadores. A cartilha foi elaborada com base em revisão integrativa da literatura e por entrevistas com 19 cuidadores. O índice de validade de conteúdo entre os juízes foi de 0,99, indicando ótimo grau de concordância. A validação semântica pelos cuidadores obteve-se um percentual de concordância de 100%. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que a tecnologia educativa teve excelente aceitação, podendo contribuir para o cuidado de crianças e adolescentes acamados em domicílio.