bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programmable Macroporous Photonic Crystals Enabled by Swelling‐Induced All‐Room‐Temperature Shape Memory Effects
Authors: Leo Sin‐Yen , Ni Yongliang , Xu Can , Zhang Yifan , Dai Yuqiong , Qi Pengxu , Xie Angela T. , Basile Vito , Taylor Curtis , Jiang Peng
Published: September 2017

This study reports unconventional, all‐room‐temperature shape memory (SM) effects using templated macroporous shape memory polymer (SMP) photonic crystals comprising a glassy copolymer with high‐glass transition temperature. “Cold” programming of permanent periodic structures into temporary disordered configurations can be achieved by slowly evaporating various swelling solvents (e.g., ethanol) imbibed in the interconnecting macropores. The deformed macropores can be instantaneously recovered to the permanent geometry by exposing it to vapors and liquids of swelling solvents. By contrast, nonswelling solvents (e.g., hexane) cannot trigger “cold” programming and SM recovery. Extensive experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the dynamics of swelling‐induced plasticizing effects caused by fast diffusion of solvent molecules into the walls of macropores with nanoscopic thickness dominate both “cold” programming and recovery processes. Importantly, the striking color changes associated with the reversible SM transitions enable novel chromogenic sensors for selectively detecting trace amounts of swelling analytes mixed in nonswelling solvents. Using ethanol–hexane solutions as proof‐of‐concept mixtures, the ethanol detection limit of 150 ppm has been demonstrated. Besides reusable sensors, which can find important applications in environmental monitoring and petroleum process/product control, the programmable SMP photonic crystals possessing high mechanical strengths and all‐room‐temperature processability can provide vast opportunities in developing reconfigurable/rewritable nanooptical devices.
SiO2/TiO2 Composite Film for High Capacity and Excellent Cycling Stability in Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Lee Gibaek , Kim Sudeok , Kim Sunkyu , Choi Jinsub
Published: September 2017

In this study, partially crystalline anodic TiO2 with SiO2 well‐distributed througout the entire oxide film is prepared using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to obtain a high‐capacity anode with an excellent cycling stability for Li‐ion batteries. The micropore sizes in the anodic film become inhomogeneous as the SiO2 content is increased from 0% to 25%. The X‐ray diffraction peaks show that the formed oxide contains the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyses confirm that TiO2 contains amorphous SiO2. Anodic oxides of the SiO2/TiO2 composite prepared by PEO in 0.2 m H2SO4 and 0.4 m Na2SiO3 electrolyte deliver the best performance in Li‐ion batteries, exhibiting a capacity of 240 µAh cm−2 at a fairly high current density of 500 µA cm–2. The composite film shows the typical Li–TiO2 and Li–SiO2 redox peaks in the cyclic voltammogram and a corresponding plateau in the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. The as‐prepared SiO2/TiO2 composite anode shows at least twice the capacity of other types of binder‐free TiO2 and TiO2 composites and very stable cycling stability for more than 250 cycles despite the severe mechanical stress.
Atomic‐Level Coupled Interfaces and Lattice Distortion on CuS/NiS2 Nanocrystals Boost Oxygen Catalysis for Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: An Li , Li Yuxuan , Luo Mingchuan , Yin Jie , Zhao Yong‐Qing , Xu Cailing , Cheng Fangyi , Yang Ying , Xi Pinxian , Guo Shaojun
Published: September 2017

The exploration of highly efficient nonprecious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts to boost oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is critical for development of high energy density metal‐air batteries. Herein, a class of CuS/NiS2 interface nanocrystals (INs) catalysts with atomic‐level coupled nanointerface, subtle lattice distortion, and plentiful vacancy defects is reported. The results from temperature‐dependent in situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy demonstrate that the lattice distortion of 14.7% in CuS/NiS2 caused by the strong Jahn–Teller effect of Cu, the strong atomic‐level coupled interface of CuS and NiS2 domains, and distinct vacancy defects can provide numerous effective active sites for their excellent bifunctional performance. A liquid Zn‐air battery with the CuS/NiS2 INs as air electrode displays a large peak power density (172.4 mW cm−2), a high specific capacity (775 mAh gZn−1), and long cycle life (up to 83 h), making the CuS/NiS2 INs among the best bifunctional catalysts for Zn‐air battery. More remarkably, the flexible CuS/NiS2 INs‐based solid‐state Zn‐air batteries can power the LED after twisting, making them be promising in portable and wearable electronic devices.
An Inexpensive, Point‐of‐Care Urine Test for Bladder Cancer in Patients Undergoing Hematuria Evaluation
Authors: Acharya Abhinav P. , Theisen Kathryn M. , Correa Andres , Meyyappan Thiagarajan , Apfel Abraham , Sun Tao , Tarin Tatum V. , Little Steven R.
Published: September 2017

Although hematuria (blood in urine) is the most common symptom of bladder cancer, 70–98% of hematuria cases are benign. These hematuria patients unnecessarily undergo costly, invasive, and expensive evaluation for bladder cancer. Therefore, there remains a need for noninvasive office‐based tests that can rapidly and reliably rule out bladder cancer in patients undergoing hematuria evaluation. Herein, a clinical assay for matrix metalloproteinases (“Ammps”) is presented, which generates a visual signal based on the collagenase activity (in urine of patients) on the Ammps substrates. Ammps substrates are generated by crosslinking gelatin with Fe(II) chelated alginate nanoparticles, which precipitate in urine samples. The cleavage of gelatin‐conjugated alginate (Fe(II)) nanoparticles by collagenases generates free‐floating alginate (Fe(II)) nanoparticles that participate in Fenton's reaction to generate a visual signal. In a pilot study of 88 patients, Ammps had 100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for diagnosing bladder cancer. This high NPV can be useful in ruling out bladder cancer in patients referred for hematuria evaluation.
Light‐Driven Vitamin B12‐Catalysed Generation of Acyl Radicals from 2‐S‐Pyridyl Thioesters
Authors: Ociepa Michał , Baka Oskar , Narodowiec Jakub , Gryko Dorota
Published: September 2017

Acyl radicals are invaluable intermediates in organic synthesis, however their generation remains challenging. Herein, we present an unprecedented light‐driven, cobalt‐catalysed method for the generation of acyl radicals from readily available 2‐S‐pyridyl thioesters. The synthetic potential of this methodology was demonstrated in the Giese‐type acylation of activated olefins in the presence of heptamethyl cobyrrinate. This vitamin B12 derivative proved to be the most efficient catalyst in the studied process. The developed method features broad substrate scope (38 examples), good functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, it is easily scalable (illustrated on a 20‐fold scale‐up procedure), enabling its preparative use. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway with the key steps involving the formation of an acyl‐vitamin B12 complex and subsequent photolysis of the Co−C bond.

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Confirmation of an ARID2 defect in SWI/SNF‐related intellectual disability
Authors: Van Paemel Ruben , De Bruyne Pauline , van der Straaten Saskia , D'hondt Marleen , Fränkel Urlien , Dheedene Annelies , Menten Björn , Callewaert Bert
Published: September 2017

We present a 4‐year‐old girl with delayed neuromotor development, short stature of prenatal onset, and specific behavioral and craniofacial features harboring an intragenic deletion in the ARID2 gene. The phenotype confirmed the major features of the recently described ARID2‐related intellectual disability syndrome. However, our patient showed overlapping features with Nicolaides‐Baraitser syndrome and Coffin‐Siris syndrome, providing further arguments to reclassify these disorders as “SWI/SNF‐related intellectual disability syndromes.”
Novel homozygous missense mutation in NT5C2 underlying hereditary spastic paraplegia SPG45
Authors: Straussberg Rachel , Onoufriadis Alexandros , Konen Osnat , Zouabi Yasmin , Cohen Lior , Lee John Y.W. , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Simpson Michael A. , McGrath John A.
Published: September 2017

SPG45 is a rare form of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia associated with mental retardation. Detailed phenotyping and mutation analysis was undertaken in three individuals with SPG45 from a consanguineous family of Arab Muslim origin. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in NT5C2 (c.1379T>C; p.Leu460Pro). Our data expand the molecular basis of SPG45, adding the first missense mutation to the current database of nonsense, frameshift, and splice site mutations. NT5C2 mutations seem to have a broad clinical spectrum and should be sought in patients manifesting either as uncomplicated or complicated HSP.
Genotypic‐phenotypic features and enzyme replacement therapy outcome in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis VI from Turkey
Authors: Kılıç Mustafa , Dursun Ali , Coşkun Turgay , Tokatlı Ayşegül , Özgül Rıza K. , Yücel‐Yılmaz Didem , Karaca Mehmet , Doğru Deniz , Alehan Dursun , Kadayıfçılar Sibel , Genç Aydan , Turan‐Dizdar Handan , Gönüldaş Burhanettin , Savcı Sema , Sağlam Melda , Aksoy Cemalettin , Arslan Umut , Sivri Hatice‐Serap
Published: September 2017

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by a chronic, progressive course with multiorgan involvement. In our study, clinical, biochemical, molecular findings, and response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for at least 6 months were evaluated in 20 patients with MPS VI. Treatment effects on clinical findings such as liver and spleen sizes, cardiac and respiratory parameters, visual and auditory changes, joints’ range of motions, endurance tests and changes in urinary glycosaminoglycan excretions, before and after ERT were analyzed. ERT caused increased physical endurance and decreased urinary dermatan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate ratios. Changes in growth parameters, cardiac, respiratory, visual, auditory findings, and joint mobility were not significant. All patients and parents reported out an increased quality of life, which were not correlated with clinical results. The most prevalent mutation was p.L321P, accounting for 58.8% of the mutant alleles and two novel mutations (p.G79E and p.E390 K) were found. ERT was a safe but expensive treatment for MPS VI, with mild benefits in severely affected patients. Early treatment with ERT is mandatory before many organs and systems are involved.
Übergangsmetallfreie ringöffnende Silylierung von Indolen und Benzofuranen mit (Diphenyl‐tert‐butylsilyl)lithium
Authors: Xu Pan , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: September 2017

Eine praktische Methode zur Ringöffnung verschiedener Indole und Benzofurane mit einhergehender stereoselektiver Silylierung unter Nutzung von leicht erzeugtem (Diphenyl‐tert‐butylsilyl)lithium führt zu ortho‐β‐Silylvinylanilinen bzw. ‐phenolen. Die Desaromatisierung der Heteroarene erfolgt in Abwesenheit von Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren durch Addition des Silylanions und nachfolgende stereoselektive β‐Eliminierung. Einblicke in den Reaktionsmechanismus werden durch DFT‐Rechnungen erhalten. Funktionalisierende C‐X‐Bindungsbrüche in Heteroarenen sind ungewöhnlich und erfordern im Allgemeinen Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren.
Far‐UV‐Excited Luminescence of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers: Evidence for Diamonds in Space
Authors: Lu Hsiao‐Chi , Peng Yu‐Chain , Chou Sheng‐Lung , Lo Jen‐Iu , Cheng Bing‐Ming , Chang Huan‐Cheng
Published: September 2017

The nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are among the most thoroughly investigated defects in solid‐state matter; however, our understanding of their properties upon far‐UV excitation of the host matrix is limited. This knowledge is crucial for the identification of NV as the carrier of extended red emission (ERE) bands detected in a wide range of astrophysical environments. Herein, we report a study on the photoluminescence spectra of NV‐containing nanodiamonds excited with synchrotron radiation over the wavelength range of 125–350 nm. We observed, for the first time, an emission at 520–850 nm with a quantum yield greater than 20 %. Our results share multiple similarities with the ERE phenomena, suggesting that nanodiamonds are a common component of dust in space.
Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for the Synthesis of Multiblock and Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polymers with Oxygen Tolerance
Authors: Liu Zhifen , Lv Yue , An Zesheng
Published: September 2017

Synthesis of well‐defined multiblock and ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight (UHMW) polymers has been a perceived challenge for reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). An even more formidable task is to synthesize these extreme polymers in the presence of oxygen. A novel methodology involving enzymatic cascade catalysis is developed for the unprecedented synthesis of multiblock polymers in open vessels with direct exposure to air and UHMW polymers in closed vessels without prior degassing. The success of this methodology relies on the extraordinary deoxygenation capability of pyranose oxidase (P2Ox) and the mild yet efficient radical generation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The facile and green synthesis of multiblock and UHMW polymers using biorenewable enzymes under environmentally benign and scalable conditions provides a new pathway for developing advanced polymer materials.
Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2: A Supported Catalyst for Challenging Negishi Coupling Reactions in Flow
Authors: Price Gregory A. , Hassan Abbas , Chandrasoma Nalin , Bogdan Andrew R. , Djuric Stevan W. , Organ Michael G.
Published: September 2017

A silica‐supported precatalyst, Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2, has been prepared and evaluated for its proficiency in the Negishi cross‐coupling of hindered and electronically deactivated coupling partners. The precatalyst Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent loaded onto packed bed columns shows high catalytic activity for the room‐temperature coupling of deactivated/hindered biaryl partners. Also for the first time, the flowed Csp3–Csp2 coupling of secondary alkylzinc reagents to (hetero)aromatics has been achieved with high selectivity with Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2. These couplings required residence times as short as 3 minutes to effect completion of these challenging transformations with excellent selectivity for the nonrearranged product.
Native Desorption Electrospray Ionization Liberates Soluble and Membrane Protein Complexes from Surfaces
Authors: Ambrose Stephen , Housden Nicholas G. , Gupta Kallol , Fan Jieyuan , White Paul , Yen Hsin‐Yung , Marcoux Julien , Kleanthous Colin , Hopper Jonathan T. S. , Robinson Carol V.
Published: September 2017

Mass spectrometry (MS) applications for intact protein complexes typically require electrospray (ES) ionization and have not been achieved via direct desorption from surfaces. Desorption ES ionization (DESI) MS has however transformed the study of tissue surfaces through release and characterisation of small molecules. Motivated by the desire to screen for ligand binding to intact protein complexes we report the development of a native DESI platform. By establishing conditions that preserve non‐covalent interactions we exploit the surface to capture a rapid turnover enzyme–substrate complex and to optimise detergents for membrane protein study. We demonstrate binding of lipids and drugs to membrane proteins deposited on surfaces and selectivity from a mix of related agonists for specific binding to a GPCR. Overall therefore we introduce this native DESI platform with the potential for high‐throughput ligand screening of some of the most challenging drug targets including GPCRs.
Manganese Dioxide Nanozymes as Responsive Cytoprotective Shells for Individual Living Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Zhen , Liu Chaoqun , Guan Yijia , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: September 2017

A powerful individual living cell encapsulation strategy for long‐term cytoprotection and manipulation is reported. It uses manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanozymes as intelligent shells. As expected, yeast cells can be directly coated with continuous MnO2 shells via bio‐friendly Mn‐based mineralization. Significantly, the durable nanozyme shells not only can enhance the cellular tolerance against severe physical stressors including dehydration and lytic enzyme, but also enable the survival of cells upon contact with high levels of toxic chemicals for prolonged periods. More importantly, these encased cells after shell removal via a facile biomolecule stimulus can fully resume growth and functions. This strategy is applicable to a broad range of living cells
Mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of silica aerogel–epoxy composites
Authors: Maghsoudi Khosrow , Motahari Siamak
Published: September 2017

Epoxy composites were prepared with different contents of hydrophobic silica aerogel particles to investigate their mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties. The composites, particularly the one containing 1 wt % silica aerogel, showed remarkable toughness and yielding behaviors compared to neat epoxy, with its brittle behavior. As the content of silica aerogel increased, the thermal properties of the composites (e.g., thermal conductivity and thermal stability) improved. This was due to the very low thermal conductivity and high thermal stability of the silica aerogel particles. Moreover, the use of the hydrophobic silica aerogel led to the development of composites with hydrophobic properties. To examine the hydrophobicity more deeply, a series of water‐uptake tests were performed, and the results show that the composite with 3 wt % silica aerogel absorbed 50% less water than the neat epoxy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45706.
Effect of processing parameters of the continuous wet spinning system on the crystal phase of PVDF fibers
Authors: Jeong Kun , Kim Da Hye , Chung Yong Sik , Hwang Sang Kyun , Hwang Hui Yun , Kim Seong Su
Published: September 2017

Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) has been widely used in piezoelectric applications as films and nanofiber mats, but there are limited publications on piezoelectric wet‐spun fibers. In this work, PVDF fibers were prepared using the wet spinning method, and the processing parameters, including the drawing ratio and heat setting temperature, were controlled in the continuous wet spinning system to increase the β‐phase crystallinity of the fibers. In addition, the wet‐spun PVDF fibers were compressed by a rolling press to eliminate voids in the fibers. Then, the compressed PVDF fibers were poled to align the molecular dipoles. The crystal structures of the PVDF fibers were investigated using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Single filament tensile tests were performed to measure the tensile strength of the fibers. The morphologies of the PVDF fibers with respect to the processing parameters were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarization optical microscopy. The piezoelectric constant of the prepared PVDF fibers was then measured using a d33meter. The wet‐spun PVDF fibers showed the highest β‐phase and piezoelectric constants when the drawing ratio and heat setting temperature were 6 and 150 °C, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45712.
Impacts of Indian waterfern (Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.) infestation and removal on macroinvertebrate biodiversity and conservation in spring‐fed streams in the Australian arid zone
Authors: Carey Nicole , Strachan Scott R. , Robson Belinda J.
Published: September 2017

Removal of invasive macrophytes is a priority for river managers. However, the ecological effects of macrophyte removal on macroinvertebrate diversity are rarely examined but may be of particular significance in conservation reserves and when threatened species are present.

This study investigated the macroinvertebrate fauna inhabiting invasive and native macrophytes in spring‐fed channels in the Millstream‐Chichester National Park, Australia. The effects of waterfern management (periodic hand‐weeding) were examined by comparing assemblages at weeded and unweeded reaches on three occasions.

Ceratopteris thalictroides harboured a diverse, insect‐dominated macroinvertebrate assemblage, including the endangered damselfly Nososticta pilbara. Total taxon richness was similar between waterfern and native macrophytes, but macroinvertebrate assemblages differed in the dry season. Damselflies (including N. pilbara) were associated with waterfern‐dominated reaches, whereas dragonfly nymphs were more common among native macrophytes.

Weeding altered macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Some weeded reaches developed assemblages indistinguishable from those in native‐dominated reaches, but others did not. Weeded reaches often supported taxa that were rare or absent from waterfern‐dominated reaches, including suspension feeders, found also in native‐dominated reaches.

Odonata are particularly diverse at Millstream, with 18 species recorded. Odonate species richness was significantly lower at weeded reaches than unweeded reaches. Nososticta pilbara and other short‐range endemic species were absent from weeded reaches. As most odonates are univoltine, these adverse effects on local population size may affect species persistence.

Invasive macrophyte species may support a high diversity of native invertebrates, including endangered and short‐range endemic species. Furthermore, although hand‐weeding appeared to enable a greater diversity of species to co‐exist, the removal of a large biomass of macrophytes appeared to remove whole cohorts of insect populations from stream reaches, including endangered species. Removal of invasive macrophytes should not be implemented without understanding their effects on invertebrate assemblage composition and life‐cycles.
Emotions Know Best: The Advantage of Emotional versus Cognitive Responses to Failure
Authors: Nelson Noelle , Malkoc Selin A. , Shiv Baba
Published: September 2017

Making mistakes or failing at tasks is a common occurrence in human life. People can respond to and cope with failure in many ways. In this research, we examine potential advantages of relatively emotional (versus cognitive) responses to failure. In particular, we study how effort and time spent in subsequent tasks depend on whether people predominantly focus on their emotions or their cognitions as they respond to a failure. We demonstrate that, left to their own means, people's cognitions upon a failure are mainly justificatory in nature and thus do not automatically have the commonly believed reflective, self‐improving qualities. We further argue and demonstrate that a relative focus on cognitions following a failure can prevent improvement in subsequent episodes, but a focus on emotions can allow for learning and, therefore, increased effort. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CDP‐choline circumvents mercury‐induced mitochondrial damage and renal dysfunction
Authors: Buelna‐Chontal Mabel , Franco Martha , Hernández‐Esquivel Luz , Pavón Natalia , Rodríguez‐Zavala José S. , Correa Francisco , Jasso Ricardo , Pichardo‐Ramos Gregorio , Santamaría José , González‐Pacheco Héctor , Soto Virgilia , Díaz‐Ruíz Jorge L. , Chávez Edmundo
Published: September 2017

Heavy metal ions are known to produce harmful alterations on kidney function. Specifically, the accumulation of Hg2+in kidney tissue may induce renal failure. In this work, the protective effect of CDP‐choline against the deleterious effects induced by Hg2+on renal function was studied. CDP‐choline administered ip at a dose of 125 mg/kg body weight prevented the damage induced by Hg2+administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. The findings indicate that CDP‐choline guards mitochondria against Hg2+‐toxicity by preserving their ability to retain matrix content, such as accumulated Ca2+. This nucleotide also protected mitochondria from Hg2+‐induced loss of the transmembrane electric gradient and from the generation of hydrogen peroxide and membrane TBARS. In addition, CDP‐choline avoided the oxidative damage of mtDNA and inhibited the release of the interleukins IL‐1 and IL6, recognized as markers of acute inflammatory reaction. After the administration of Hg2+and CDP, CDP‐choline maintained nearly normal levels of renal function and creatinine clearance, as well as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine.
Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethyl Ether Direct Oxidation over Carbon‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Gao Xiu‐Juan , Wang Wen‐Feng , Gu Ying‐Ying , Zhang Zhen‐Zhou , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Zhang Qing‐De , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Han Yi‐Zhuo , Tan Yi‐Sheng
Published: September 2017

The synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMMx) with a selectivity of 84.3 % by direct oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) was realized over 30 %Ti(SO4)2/active carbon (AC) catalyst. This process also significantly promotes the growth of the C−O chain. The catalytic performances of Ti(SO4)2/AC and Ti(SO4)2/graphene (G) catalysts differ largely for DME oxidation reaction, although both AC and G are carbon materials. The carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carbon‐based catalysts play an important role in DME direct oxidation to DMMx. Owing to the differences of surface structure and chemical properties of AC and G materials, the different interaction between the Ti(SO4)2 and supports remarkably affects the sulfate structures on the supports surface and leads to the large differences in the acid and redox properties of catalysts.
Understanding African American Students' Experiences in STEM Education: An Ecological Systems Approach
Authors: Stipanovic Natalie , Woo Hongryun
Published: September 2017

Promoting racial and ethnic minority students' interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers remains a primary workforce goal. To advance this goal, this study examined, through an ecological lens, 18 African American high school seniors' perceptions of their experiences related to their aspirations for STEM careers. All students were enrolled in STEM programs. Using a phenomenological approach to analyze the outcomes of focus group interviews, the authors identified themes at the ontogenic, microsystem, and macrosystem levels. Environmental factors, such as counseling, family expectations, and available resources, played a substantial role in influencing the students' interests, experiences, and perceptions in their pursuits of STEM careers. Implications highlight the importance of counselors in encouraging students of diverse backgrounds to pursue STEM courses and for policy makers to provide resources that support students' STEM goals. Future research is needed to examine the longitudinal effects of high school STEM programs on diverse populations.
Motivational Profiles and Career Decision Making of High School Students
Authors: Paixão Olímpio , Gamboa Vítor
Published: September 2017

Based on self‐determination theory, this study sought to identify distinct motivational profiles in a sample of high school students (N = 396, mean age = 17.02 years) using a person‐centered approach. Three motivational clusters of students emerged: self‐determined students, non‐self‐determined students, and externally regulated students. Differences between and among these profiles across career exploration and career indecision levels were analyzed. Overall, self‐determination theory appears to offer a conceptual framework for organizing career interventions. The fact that motivational profiles can distinguish students among career exploration and career indecision levels leads the authors to reaffirm the importance of differential career intervention practices. Future research should examine the stability of motivational profiles, their predictive power over career exploration and career decision making, and the differences between highly motivated students regarding the career decision‐making process.
The Role of Thinking Styles in Career Development Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Li Mengting , Fan Weiqiao
Published: September 2017

Thinking styles define individuals' marked preferences in how they learn about or process information. This study considered the function of collecting and processing information in career exploration and decision making, and examined thinking styles as a predictor of career decision‐making difficulties (CDMD) and career exploration as a mediator of this relationship. Chinese college students (N = 463) responded to measures of thinking styles, career exploration, and CDMD. Results partially supported the contribution of thinking styles to career exploration and CDMD. Type I styles, characterized as more creativity‐generating, positively predicted career exploration and negatively predicted CDMD. Type II styles, characterized as more norm‐favoring, positively predicted CDMD. Partial mediation was supported in the link between Type I styles and lack of information through career environment exploration. The benefits of type styles should be highlighted for career guidance and counseling among Chinese college students and should be validated in different cultural contexts.
Counselor Education and Title IX: Current Perceptions and Questions
Authors: Welfare Laura E. , Wagstaff Jennifer , Haynes Jenna R.
Published: September 2017

This national survey of counselor educator perceptions of the Title IX requirement to report student disclosures of gender‐based discrimination revealed the need for greater clarity about faculty strategies for serving counseling program students while upholding the federal law. The authors describe the recent expansion of the requirements and provide a suggested statement for course syllabi.
Hierarchical Molybdenum Dioxide Microflowers Encapsulating Nickel Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Wang Chunli , Sun Lianshan , Wang Xuxu , Cheng Yong , Yin Dongming , Yuan Dongxia , Li Qian , Wang Limin
Published: September 2017

Herein, we propose a strategy to prepare Ni/MoO2 microflowers (Ni/MoO2/C) for lithium‐ion batteries through a facile aqueous phase reaction at room temperature. NiMoO4 nanowires, as the Ni and Mo source, can chelate with dopamine to form a hierarchical microflower structure. The nickel content and the structure have significant influence on the performance for the final product. In the electrochemical measurements, the Ni/MoO2/C electrode reveals a high initial discharge capacity of 1117.3 mA h g−1 and a high capacity retention of 693.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles after an activated process at 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, an excellent rate capability from 0.1 A to 5 A g−1, where the discharge capacity is 1374 to 406 mA h g−1, is obtained. The high capability suggests that Ni/MoO2/C may be a promising candidate as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Controlled Hydrothermal Crystallization of Anhydrous Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln=Eu–Lu, Y) as a New Family of Layered Rare Earth Metal Hydroxides
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhu Qi , Li Ji‐Guang
Published: September 2017

Anhydrous hydroxide sulfates Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln=Eu–Lu, Y) were hydrothermally synthesized as a new family of layered rare earth metal hydroxides (LRHs). They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m) with structures built up by alternate stacking of interlayer SO42− and the two‐dimensional host layer composed of tricapped [LnO9] trigonal prisms along the a axis. In distinct contrast to the recently discovered hydrated LRHs Ln2(OH)4SO4⋅2 H2O, which only exist for Ln=La–Dy, the host layers of the anhydrous phase are linked together by sharing edges instead of an O node of the SO42− tetrahedron. Rietveld refinement showed that the cell dimension tends to decrease for smaller Ln3+, while the axis angle (β=98.78–100.31°) behaves oppositely. Comparative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis in air revealed that the dehydroxylation and desulfurization temperatures become gradually higher and lower, respectively, for smaller Ln3+, and thus the temperature range of Ln2O2SO4 existence is narrowed. The newly discovered Ln2(OH)4SO4, together with their hydrated counterparts, allow for the first time green synthesis of Ln2O2SO4 with water as the only exhaust for the full spectrum of lanthanides. Calcining Ln2(OH)4SO4 in H2 yielded phase‐pure Ln2O2S for Eu and Gd and a mixture of Ln2O2S and Ln2O3 for the other Ln. The effects of the lanthanide contraction were clearly revealed, and photoluminescence was found for the anhydrous LRHs of Eu and Tb.
α‐ and β‐[Bmim][BiCl4(2,2′‐bpy)]: Two Polymorphic Bismuth‐Containing Ionic Liquids with Crystallization‐Induced Phosphorescence
Authors: Shen Nannan , Li Jianrong , Wu Zhaofeng , Hu Bing , Cheng Chuchu , Wang Zeping , Gong Liaokuo , Huang Xiaoying
Published: September 2017

This work reports the syntheses, structures, and luminescence properties of two supramolecular polymorphic compounds composed of a hybrid bismuth(III) chloride anion and an imidazolium cation, namely α‐ (1) and β‐ (2) [Bmim][BiCl4(2,2′‐bpy)] (Bmim=1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium; 2,2′‐bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). They are the first two examples of Bi3+‐containing ionic liquids (ILs). Their different packing modes may be ascribed to the rotational flexibility of the butyl group on the [Bmim]+ cation. A comparative study of the weak intermolecular interactions present in the two polymorphs has been performed by Hirshfeld surface and two‐dimensional fingerprint analyses. Investigations of the luminescence properties revealed that crystallization induced greenish‐yellow phosphorescence with quantum yields of 26.07 % for 1 and 36.59 % for 2, which are among the highest hitherto reported for hybrid halobismuthate compounds. The difference in phosphorescence may be attributed to the different weak interactions in 1 and 2, especially π–π contacts. This work opens the way to further research on new types of polymorphism‐dependent luminescent materials based on a combination of rotationally isomeric IL cations with organic decorated bismuth(III) chloride anions.
Extending Long‐lived Charge Separation Between Donor and Acceptor Blocks in Novel Copolymer Architectures Featuring a Sensitizer Core
Authors: Schroot Robert , Schlotthauer Tina , Dietzek Benjamin , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: September 2017

A bifunctional RuII photosensitizer unit was decorated with one n‐ and one p‐type polymer chain to form precisely controlled hierarchical copolymer‐type architectures for light‐induced charge separation. The applied modular chemistry‐on‐the‐complex strategy benefits from separately prepared building blocks and their orthogonal linkage in the two final assembly steps. Upon visible light absorption, electron transfer is initiated between the conjugated poly(3,6‐carbazole) chain and the styrenic poly(naphthalene diimide) segments. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy show complete charge separation within a few nanoseconds (>95 % efficiency) persisting several tens of microseconds. The recombination is significantly reduced in comparison to low‐molecular model systems or to non‐conjugated congeners, reflecting the higher charge mobility in conjugated polymers. In summary, the modularity of the presented approach is expected to serve as a versatile platform to tailor the interface between the charge transport domains in a systematic fashion.
Palladium‐Catalyzed 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethoxylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Chlorides Utilizing Borate Salt and the Synthesis of a Trifluoro Analogue of Sildenafil
Authors: Pethő Bálint , Zwillinger Márton , Csenki János T. , Káncz Anna E. , Krámos Balázs , Müller Judit , Balogh György T. , Novák Zoltán
Published: September 2017

A simple and convenient method was developed for the introduction of a 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy group to various aromatic and heteroaromatic systems. The novel process utilizes aromatic chlorides as substrates, and tetrakis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy) borate salt as an inexpensive and readily available fluoroalkoxy source in a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. The power of the developed methodology was demonstrated in the synthesis of a fluorous derivative of Sildenafil.
Survivorship care planning in skin cancer: An unbiased statistical approach to identifying patterns of care‐plan use
Authors: Benci Joseph L. , Minn Andy J. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Bach Christina , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Hampshire Margaret K. , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine E.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Nearly 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer, and as a result, survivors of skin cancer compose one of the largest groups of cancer survivors. Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are an important tool for improving patient outcomes and provide critical information to both survivors and health care professionals. Recent efforts have been made to expand SCP utilization; however, which patients currently receive SCPs is poorly understood.

METHODS

This study used 596 individuals with a diagnosis of melanoma (n = 391) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (n = 205) who had used an Internet‐based SCP tool from May 2010 to December 2016 to model the patient and provider characteristics that determine SCP utilization.

RESULTS

Survivors were predominantly white (95.3%) and female (56.5%). Survivors who received a treatment summary were more likely to also receive an SCP. University and nonuniversity cancer centers used SCPs at a higher rate than other care settings. Survivors whose care was managed by a team rather than just an individual physician were also more likely to receive an SCP. Survivors older than 70 years at diagnosis were almost twice as likely to receive a plan as survivors who were diagnosed at a younger age.

CONCLUSIONS

With a convenience sample of skin cancer survivors, it is possible to model factors that predict the receipt of SCPs. Important variables include the diagnosis age, treatment setting, physician type, and treatment‐summary utilization. A closer examination of these variables identified several disparities in care‐plan use and, therefore, opportunities to improve the distribution of SCPs. Further validation in additional cohorts of survivors is necessary to confirm these conclusions. Cancer 2018;124:183‐91. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Relative pressure estimation from velocity measurements in blood flows: State‐of‐the‐art and new approaches
Authors: Bertoglio Cristóbal , Nuñez Rodolfo , Galarce Felipe , Nordsletten David , Osses Axel
Published: September 2017

The relative pressure difference across stenotic blood vessels serves as an important clinical index for the diagnosis of many cardiovascular diseases. While the clinical gold standard for relative pressure difference measurements is invasive catheterization, Phase‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging has emerged as a promising tool for enabling a noninvasive quantification, by linking highly spatially resolved velocity measurements with relative pressures via the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. In this work, we provide a review and analysis of current methods for relative pressure estimation and propose 3 additional techniques. Methods are compared using synthetic data from numerical examples, and sensitivity to subsampling and noise was explored. Through our analysis, we verify that the newly proposed approaches are more robust with respect to spatial subsampling and less sensitive to noise and therefore provide improved means for estimating relative pressure differences noninvasively.
A network community restructuring mechanism for transport efficiency improvement in scale‐free complex networks
Authors: Cai Jun , Luo Jian‐Zhen , Liu Yan , Wei Wenguo , Lei Fangyuan
Published: September 2017

Recent studies have demonstrated that network community structure can significantly reduce the network transport efficiency. In this paper, the weakening community structure (WCS) strategy based on adding of edges that can effectively weaken the network community characteristics and improve the network transport efficiency is proposed. The WCS performance was validated by experiments, which were performed on pseudo‐random network, scale‐free artificial network with community structures, and real internet, using the shortest path routing and the local routing. The experimental results have demonstrated that the WCS strategy can greatly improve the network load capacity and reduce the average length of the shortest path by adding a small amount of edges between communities. The proposed mechanism not only provides the improvement of network transport efficiency but also can be adapted for restraining of malicious information propagation through the network.
Profiling of Single‐Cell Transcriptomes
Authors: Chen Wanze , Gardeux Vincent , Meireles‐Filho Antonio , Deplancke Bart
Published: September 2017

Complex biological systems are composed of multiple cell types whose transcriptional activity can vary due to differences in cell state, environmental stimulation, or intrinsic programs. Conventional bulk analysis methods capture the average transcriptional programs of the cell population, thus missing the unique cellular signature of each single cell. In recent years, the development of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technologies has provided a powerful approach to dissect the cellular heterogeneity of complex biological systems. However, such approaches require specialized equipment or are costly. In this article, we describe an improved Smart‐seq2‐based method to profile the transcriptome of hundreds of single cells simultaneously, without utilizing commercial kits or requiring any specialized single‐cell capture/library preparation tools. Moreover, we introduce the Automated Single‐cell Analysis Pipeline (ASAP), which allows researchers without strong computational expertise to explore scRNA‐seq data using a wide range of commonly used algorithms and sophisticated visualization tools. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Vascular Landmarks to Orient 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Mouse Eye
Authors: Krebs Mark P.
Published: September 2017

Comparing 3D structural information obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires accurate alignment of images acquired from individual subjects. Despite the widespread use of OCT to image the anterior and posterior mouse eye, few approaches to align the resulting image data have been described, in part due to a lack of well‐characterized landmarks that are suitable for alignment. Here, we provide an OCT acquisition and analysis protocol that incorporates the use of the long posterior ciliary arteries as landmarks. In mammals, these two large choroidal vessels lie in a plane approximately parallel to the horizon. Our OCT imaging approach resolves these vessels in the mouse eye and suggests that their location is reproducible. The protocol may be useful for preparing 3D OCT data to compare experimental cohorts of mice and for standardizing results from independent research laboratories. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A genetic algorithm‐based task scheduling for cloud resource crowd‐funding model
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Min , Sun Yan , Long Keping
Published: September 2017

With the rapid development of cloud computing, the number of cloud users is growing exponentially. Data centers have come under great pressure, and the problem of power consumption has become increasingly prominent. However, many idle resources that are geographically distributed in the network can be used as resource providers for cloud tasks. These distributed resources may not be able to support the resource‐intensive applications alone because of their limited capacity; however, the capacity will be considerably increased if they can cooperate with each other and share resources. Therefore, in this paper, a new resource‐providing model called “crowd‐funding” is proposed. In the crowd‐funding model, idle resources can be collected to form a virtual resource pool for providing cloud services. Based on this model, a new task scheduling algorithm is proposed, RC‐GA (genetic algorithm for task scheduling based on a resource crowd‐funding model). For crowd‐funding, the resources come from different heterogeneous devices, so the resource stability should be considered different. The scheduling targets of the RC‐GA are designed to increase the stability of task execution and reduce power consumption at the same time. In addition, to reduce random errors in the evolution process, the roulette wheel selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved. The experiment shows that the RC‐GA can achieve good results.
Sedimentology and Geochemistry of the 2930 Ma Red Lake–Wallace Lake Carbonate Platform, Western Superior Province, Canada
Authors: McIntyre Timothy , Fralick Philip
Published: September 2017

Chemical sedimentary rocks in the Red Lake–Wallace Lake area of the Canadian Shield form the Earth's oldest known carbonate platform and, as such, provide a unique opportunity to explore the floor of a 2930 Myr old warm, shallow sea. Peritidal depositional features dominate the platform top, ranging from colloform crusts, teepee structures, and evaporate pseudomorphs in the supratidal; pseudomorph crystal fans and laterally linked domal stromatolites, associated with stromatactis‐like structures, sheet cracks and liminoid fenestral fabrics extending from the lower supratidal through the intertidal; and herring‐bone cross‐stratification, isolated domal stromatolites and herring‐bone calcite cement in tidal channels. These lithofacies indicate a low energy, restricted evaporitic environment. Limited subtidal platform top deposits are characterized by laterally linked domal stromatolites and pseudomorph crystal fans on a larger scale than those found in the intertidal areas. A transitional lithofacies to deeper water were deposited further offshore. It consists of ribbon rock (mixed laminae and beds of carbonate, slate and iron oxide sediments), slump structures composed of intraclastic carbonate lithoclasts in a marl matrix and carbonate‐associated iron formation. Basinal deposits consist of chert and chert‐oxide facies iron formation. Peritidal lithofacies are composed of ferroan dolomite, whereas deep subtidal to upper slope lithofacies are composed of calcite. The dolomites have O and Sr isotopic ratios which were probably reset during dolomitization, whereas only O is altered in the limestones. The δ13C values for all the carbonate samples were 0 ± 1·1‰V‐PDB, with samples formed in deeper water having lighter δ13C values, suggesting the deeper open ocean had a lighter δ13C budget than water in the platform interior. Post Archean Australian Shale normalized rare earth element patterns for the carbonate samples have positive La and Eu anomalies, suprachondritic Y/Ho ratios and slight heavy rare earth element enrichment in most samples. Basin lithofacies are characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment and positive Eu anomalies. One sample had a significant negative Ce anomaly. These data probably indicate restricted circulation in the supra and intertidal areas and possibly the development of spatially limited areas where oxygen production could move the redox boundary out into the water column.