bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Ki-67 Proliferative Index in Cytological Samples of Nodal B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Založnik Mojca , Miceska Simona , Buček Simon , Nolde Nataša , Gjidera Mojca , Klopčič Ulrika , Čekić Zorica , Pohar Marinšek Živa , Gašljević Gorana , Kloboves Prevodnik Veronika
Published: July 2024

Background: The Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) is part of the diagnosis of nodal B-cell lymphoma (nBCL), but its determination in cytological samples is not standardized. We aimed to establish an approach for the accurate determination of the Ki-67 PI in cytological slides to differentiate between indolent and aggressive nBCLs. Methods: Patients diagnosed with nBCL by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and subsequent excision biopsy were included. Cell suspensions were prepared from biopsy samples for CD3/Ki-67 double immunocytochemical staining and flow-cytometric verification of lymphoma B-cell counts. The Ki-67 PI was assessed by manual counting and eyeballing in cytology and eyeballing in histology. The cut-off values for the differentiation between aggressive and indolent lymphomas were determined for each method. Results: A strong correlation between manual and flow-cytometric counting of lymphoma B cells was confirmed (interclass correlation coefficient (IC coef.) = 0.78). The correlation of the Ki-67 PI determined in cytological and histological slides was also strong (IC coef. > 0.80). Histologically, 55 cases were classified as indolent and 31 as aggressive nBCLs. KI-67 PI cut-off values of 28.5%, 27.5%, and 35.5% were established for manual counting and eyeballing in cytology and eyeballing in histology, respectively, with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The Ki-67 PI, assessed by manual counting and eyeballing in cytological samples, accurately differentiates between indolent and aggressive nBCLs.
An Analysis of Computed Tomography Diagnostic Reference Levels in India Compared to Other Countries
Authors: Malik Maajid Mohi Ud Din , Alqahtani Mansour , Hadadi Ibrahim , AlQhtani Abdullah G. M. , Alqarni Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Computed Tomography (CT) is vital for diagnosing and monitoring medical conditions. However, increased usage raises concerns about patient radiation exposure. Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) aim to minimize radiation doses in CT imaging. This study examines CT DRLs in India compared to other countries to identify optimization opportunities. A literature review was conducted to gather data from published studies, guidelines, and regulatory authorities. Findings show significant international variations in CT DRLs, with differences up to 50%. In India, DRLs also vary significantly across states. For head CT exams, Indian DRLs are generally 20–30% lower than international standards (27–47 mGy vs. 60 mGy). Conversely, for abdominal CT scans, Indian DRLs are 10–15% higher (12–16 mGy vs. 13 mGy). Factors influencing DRL variations include equipment differences, imaging protocols, patient demographics, and regulatory conditions. Dose-optimization techniques like automatic exposure control and iterative reconstruction can reduce radiation exposure by 25–60% while maintaining image quality. Comparative data highlight best practices, such as the United Kingdom’s 30% reduction in CT doses from 1984 to 1995 via DRL implementation. This study suggests that adopting similar practices in India could reduce radiation doses by 20–40% for common CT procedures, promoting responsible CT usage and minimizing patient exposure.
Impact of Simulated Reduced-Dose Chest CT on Diagnosing Pulmonary T1 Tumors and Patient Management
Authors: Peters Alan Arthur , Munz Jaro , Klaus Jeremias Bendicht , Macek Ana , Huber Adrian Thomas , Obmann Verena Carola , Alsaihati Njood , Samei Ehsan , Valenzuela Waldo , Christe Andreas , Heverhagen Johannes Thomas , Solomon Justin Bennion , Ebner Lukas
Published: July 2024

To determine the diagnostic performance of simulated reduced-dose chest CT scans regarding pulmonary T1 tumors and assess the potential impact on patient management, a repository of 218 patients with histologically proven pulmonary T1 tumors was used. Virtual reduced-dose images were simulated at 25%- and 5%-dose levels. Tumor size, attenuation, and localization were scored by two experienced chest radiologists. The impact on patient management was assessed by comparing hypothetical LungRADS scores. The study included 210 patients (41% females, mean age 64.5 ± 9.2 years) with 250 eligible T1 tumors. There were differences between the original and the 5%—but not the 25%—dose simulations, and LungRADS scores varied between the dose levels with no clear trend. Sensitivity of Reader 1 was significantly lower using the 5%-dose vs. 25%-dose vs. original dose for size categorization (0.80 vs. 0.85 vs. 0.84; p = 0.007) and segmental localization (0.81 vs. 0.86 vs. 0.83; p = 0.018). Sensitivities of Reader 2 were unaffected by a dose reduction. A CT dose reduction may affect the correct categorization and localization of pulmonary T1 tumors and potentially affect patient management.
Effects of E-Liquids and Their Aerosols on Biofilm Formation and Growth of Oral Commensal Streptococcal Communities: Effect of Cinnamon and Menthol Flavors
Authors: Christian Nicole , Burden Daniel , Emam Alexander , Brenk Alvin , Sperber Sarah , Kalu Michael , Cuadra Giancarlo , Palazzolo Dominic
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: The rise in electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) popularity, especially among adolescents, has prompted research to investigate potential effects on health. Although much research has been carried out on the effect on lung health, the first site exposed to vaping—the oral cavity—has received relatively little attention. The aims of this study were twofold: to examine the effects of E-liquids on the viability and hydrophobicity of oral commensal streptococci, and the effects of E-cigarette-generated aerosols on the biomass and viability of oral commensal streptococci. (2) Methods: Quantitative and confocal biofilm analysis, live–dead staining, and hydrophobicity assays were used to determine the effect on oral commensal streptococci after exposure to E-liquids and/or E-cigarette-generated aerosols. (3) Results: E-liquids and flavors have a bactericidal effect on multispecies oral commensal biofilms and increase the hydrophobicity of oral commensal streptococci. Flavorless and some flavored E-liquid aerosols have a bactericidal effect on oral commensal biofilms while having no effect on overall biomass. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that E-liquids/E-cigarette-generated aerosols alter the chemical interactions and viability of oral commensal streptococci. Consequently, the use of E-cigarettes has the potential to alter the status of disease and health in the oral cavity and, by extension, affect systemic health.
Encouraging STEM Careers among Minoritized High School Students: The Interplay between Socio-Environmental Factors and Other Social Cognitive Career Constructs
Authors: Durham Rachel E. , Falk Michael L. , Daniels Alexis G. , Reigel Allison , Sparks Alisha , Williams Margo , Yanisko Emily J.
Published: July 2024

Performance in math, particularly algebra, is a major barrier to student success and participation in STEM among under-represented minoritized students, particularly Black U.S. high school students. This research applies social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to measure the impacts of an afterschool algebra for engineering program on math self-efficacy and interest in STEM among high school students in a large urban district. To study the program’s effects, a mixed methods research design was used where schools were assigned to either treatment or control conditions. Students in treatment schools accessed algebra for engineering modules, STEM professional role model videos, and field trips, while students in control schools accessed role model videos and field trips only. Surveys measuring math self-efficacy and STEM interest, outcome expectations, and choice goals were completed by participants in both conditions at the beginning and end of two separate program years, 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. Across both years, quantitative results suggest some positive effects of participation, particularly for STEM choice goals, but benefits depend upon student participation levels. Qualitative data offer student voice around prior experiences in math and science and the development of postsecondary plans in STEM. In combination, the results suggest that for students who do not initially identify as STEM career-bound, afterschool programming may not necessarily promote preparation for STEM careers due to an accumulation of weak math and science school experiences and other socio-environmental influences.
Conceptualizing an Initial Framework to Support Discipline-Rich Project-Based Learning in STEM
Authors: Sircar Monica , Orr Sheila , Madis Carlee , DiMaria Sarah
Published: July 2024

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is positioned as a pedagogical approach to support authentic, discipline-rich STEM curricula. However, much of the research has focused on the effectiveness of researcher-created curricula rather than teacher-created curricula. In this manuscript, we seek to illuminate the ways in which teachers create discipline-rich STEM projects. Drawing on the theory of the curriculum enactment process, we analyzed curricular artifacts from our teaching practices that we created as secondary STEM teachers who designed and enacted project-based learning. From the analysis, we propose a framework grounded in disciplinary standards to support teachers in creating discipline-rich STEM projects by attending to (1) the Elements of PBL; (2) Content Storyline; (3) Practice Pathway.
Redefining Successful Teaching and Learning in Australia’s Education System
Authors: Yang Zixuan , Ng David
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a redefinition of successful teaching and learning within Australia’s evolving educational system, framed by the context of global economic, societal, and environmental changes. It highlights the interconnectedness of these shifts with the Australian education system and introduces six essential habits of practice that can effectively prepare learners to navigate and shape their futures. To ensure the success of education in Australia, it is critical not only to respond to current challenges but also to equip students with the ability to make contributions to society, the economy, and the environment. The paper emphasises the importance of embedding these six habits into educational practices, which are critical for fostering the necessary skills, knowledge, and values in students. Furthermore, it discusses how the economic, social, and environmental contexts of Australia will demand specific capabilities from individuals, which can be nurtured through targeted educational practices.
Internationalization of Higher Education in China with Spain: Challenges and Complexities
Authors: Qiu Yinglong , García-Aracil Adela , Isusi-Fagoaga Rosa
Published: July 2024

The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has influenced the internationalization of higher education, reflecting its broader impacts on the economic, geopolitical, and technological development of countries. Governments have prioritized the internationalization of higher education post-pandemic to generate income and create a sustainable economy by cultivating foreign language talents. Although there are studies analyzing the internationalization of higher education through the students’ mobility, in our case, there is a scarcity of studies on the internationalization between China and Spain; in particular, Spanish universities lack references to attract more Chinese students. To bridge this gap in the literature, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight experts in the implementation of internationalization in higher education from four universities in China and Spain. The findings reveal that internationalization is associated with promoting Chinese regional development, and their students can access better quality education. Key motivators for Chinese students in Spain include the improved world ranking of universities and the demand for more courses in English. Although the biggest obstacle to cooperation between both countries is communication, a trusted intermediary could overcome part of this problem. Moreover, the use of new technologies could facilitate sustainable internationalization and regional development.
Intercultural Competence of Teachers to Work with Newcomer Children
Authors: Dzerviniks Janis , Ušča Svetlana , Tarune Iluta , Vindaca Olga
Published: July 2024

With the increasing diversity in society caused by migration processes, the heterogeneity of classrooms in educational institutions is increasing. Teachers face new challenges related to cultural diversity in a multicultural classroom. This is more common in societies with a diverse population and in societies where newcomers regularly enter schools. In order to facilitate the inclusion of newcomer children in the education system, more analysis of teachers’ intercultural competence is needed. Intercultural competence is the teacher’s ability to understand, adapt to and work effectively in different cultural and linguistic contexts in the pupils’ environment. This competence includes the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to work successfully in a multicultural and multilingual classroom. The intercultural competence of a teacher is essential to create a positive and effective learning environment in which all pupils can learn and develop better, regardless of their cultural or linguistic background. Experience gained in working with newcomers is an important factor influencing teachers’ self-assessment of their knowledge, skills and attitudes, and the results show that respondents with such experience rate their knowledge, skills and attitudes higher than respondents without such experience, while age, work experience, level of education and workplace do not show statistically significant differences for the parameters analyzed. The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of the intercultural competence of teachers and its pedagogical potential and characteristics for the activities of teachers in a multicultural educational environment in the context of migration processes, and to assess the readiness of teachers for the inclusion of newcomer children in the Latvian education system. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, survey of teachers, data processing in SPSS 22.0.
Exploring Science and Technology Teachers’ Experiences with Integrating Simulation-Based Learning
Authors: Singh-Pillay Asheena
Published: July 2024

Science and technology require learners to engage in practical work and inquiry-based learning. In South Africa, schools still need laboratories, textbooks, and equipment for practical work. Considering the above contextual challenges, this paper calls for integrating computer simulation-based learning (SBL) into science and technology education. Very little is known about science and technology teachers’ experiences of simulation-based learning in rural settings. This interpretative study, located at a teacher training institution in South Africa, aimed to explore science and technology teachers’ experiences of integrating simulation-based learning in their teaching. The study was framed within Kolb’s experiential learning theory, which posits that learning is a process of creating knowledge through the transformation of experience. Sixteen practicing teachers enrolled for their honors degree were purposively selected. Data were generated via semi-structured interviews, online interactive discussion forums, and reflective journals. All ethical protocols were observed. NVIVO was used to create tag clouds before thematic analysis could begin. The findings illuminated participant experiences as learning, unlearning, disrupting pedagogies, revisioning best practices in a community of inquiry, and promoting conceptual understanding and spatial visualization. The findings demonstrated an authentic practice of educating and training teachers to integrate SBL into their teaching and the use of SBL in promoting the conceptual understanding and spatial ability of learners in school settings that lack laboratories and functional equipment.
Security and Privacy in Networks and Multimedia
Authors: Rak Tomasz , Rzonca Dariusz
Published: July 2024

The digital era has significantly transformed the dissemination of information and business operations, creating an intricate web of interconnected systems [...]
Deep-Autoencoder-Based Radar Source Recognition: Addressing Large-Scale Imbalanced Data and Edge Computing Constraints
Authors: Liu Yuehua , Li Xiaoyu , Fang Jifei
Published: July 2024

Radar radiation source recognition technology is vital in electronic countermeasures, electromagnetic control, and air traffic management. Its primary function is to identify radar signals in real time by computing and inferring the parameters of intercepted signals. With the rapid advancement of AI technology, deep learning algorithms have shown promising results in addressing the challenges of radar radiation source recognition. However, significant obstacles remain: the radar radiation source data often exhibit large-scale, unbalanced sample distribution and incomplete sample labeling, resulting in limited training data resources. Additionally, in practical applications, models must be deployed on outdoor edge computing terminals, where the storage and computing capabilities of lightweight embedded systems are limited. This paper focuses on overcoming the constraints posed by data resources and edge computing capabilities to design and deploy large-scale radar radiation source recognition algorithms. Initially, it addresses the issues related to large-scale radar radiation source samples through data analysis, preprocessing, and feature selection, extracting and forming prior knowledge information. Subsequently, a model named RIR-DA (Radar ID Recognition based on Deep Learning Autoencoder) is developed, integrating this prior knowledge. The RIR-DA model successfully identified 96 radar radiation source targets with an accuracy exceeding 95% in a dataset characterized by a highly imbalanced sample distribution. To tackle the challenges of poor migration effects and low computational efficiency on lightweight edge computing platforms, a parallel acceleration scheme based on the embedded microprocessor T4240 is designed. This approach achieved a nearly eightfold increase in computational speed while maintaining the original training performance. Furthermore, an integrated solution for a radar radiation source intelligent detection system combining PC devices and edge devices is preliminarily designed. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to existing radar radiation source target recognition algorithms, the proposed method offers superior model performance and greater practical extensibility. This research provides an innovative exploratory solution for the industrial application of deep learning models in radar radiation source recognition.
A Data-Driven Control for Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Model-Free Adaptive Control with an Event-Triggered Scheme
Authors: Fang Ying , Liu Yanhua , Fu Aolong , Shi Shuo , Zhang Zhenbin
Published: July 2024

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have gained widespread adoption in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission due to their high voltage levels, low harmonic content, and high scalability. However, conventional control methods such as finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) suffer from a heavy computational burden and sensitivity to system parameter variations, limiting the performance of MMCs. This paper proposes a data-driven approach based on model-free adaptive control with an event-triggered mechanism that demonstrates superior robustness against parameter mismatches and enhanced dynamic performance in response to sudden output changes. Moreover, the introduction of the event-triggered mechanism effectively reduces redundant operations, decreasing the computational burden and switching losses. Finally, the proposed strategy is validated through a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model.
Decentralized Multi-Area Economic Dispatch in Power Systems Using the Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Hong Ying-Yi , Zeng Hao
Published: July 2024

A multi-area power system requires coordination to enhance reliability and reduce operating costs. Economic dispatch in such systems is crucial because of the uncertainties associated with variable loads and the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. This paper presents a hierarchical consensus algorithm designed to determine the economic dispatch in a multi-area power system, accounting for the uncertainties in load and renewable generation. The proposed algorithm, which utilizes distributed agents, operates across three levels. Level 1 coordinates all areas, while levels 2 and 3 form a leader–follower consensus algorithm for overall economic dispatch. Breadth-first search is employed to identify the leader agent within each area. To address the uncertainties in loads and renewable generation, Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated using the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems, as well as a realistic 1968-bus power system in Taiwan. The traditional equal lambda method is employed to verify that the proposed approach is suitable for multi-area power systems using distributed computation.
Cold Storage and Release Characteristics of Phase Change Cold Storage Plate with Non-Uniform Fins
Authors: Wu Kun , Zhao Haibo , Wang Ye
Published: July 2024

Ice plates, widely used in food cold chain refrigeration transportation, involve challenges such as long cold storage time and low efficiency in use. This study establishes a mathematical model for ice plate cold storage and release. It analyzes the influence of fin setting position, distribution, and size on the cold storage and release characteristics of non-uniform fins having diverse sizes and spacing on the inner and outer surfaces of the ice plate. Results show that compared to finless ice plates, plates with inner or outer fins can reduce the cold storage and release time, accelerate the charging and discharging efficiency of the cold storage equipment, and potentially save time. Cold storage and release time savings of up to 17.5% and 19.6%, respectively, were attained using outer fins. Driven by natural convection inside the finned ice plate, cold storage proceeds from top to bottom, while cold release proceeds from bottom to top. For inner fins, the distribution has a higher impact on the cold storage and release speed than the size. For outer fins, both the distribution and size equally affect the cold storage and release speed. The smaller the reference spacing between the outer fins, the faster the cooling storage, but the slower the cold release. The larger the reference area, the faster the cooling storage, but the slower the cold release. Thus, when designing ice plate products, the distribution and the size of fins should be selected based on prior consideration of storage or release speed. This study provides a theoretical basis and design guidance for the design of ice plate products, especially for refrigerated transportation applications.
Optimal Operation of Virtual Power Plants Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
Authors: Zhang Weishi , He Chuan , Wang Haichao , Qian Hanhan , Lin Zhemin , Qi Hui
Published: July 2024

As the scale of units within virtual power plants (VPPs) continues to expand, establishing an effective operational game model for these internal units has become a pressing issue for enhancing management and operations. This paper integrates photovoltaic generation, wind power, energy storage, and constant-temperature responsive loads, and it also considers micro gas turbines as auxiliary units, collectively forming a typical VPP case study. An operational optimization model was developed for the VPP control center and the micro gas turbines, and the game relationship between them was analyzed. A Stackelberg game model between the VPP control center and the micro gas turbines was proposed. Lastly, an improved D3QN (Dueling Double Deep Q-network) algorithm was employed to compute the VPP’s optimal operational strategy based on Stackelberg game theory. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can balance the energy complementarity between the VPP control center and the micro gas turbines, thereby enhancing the overall economic efficiency of operations.
A Novel eDNA-Based Approach for the Monitoring and Management of the Endangered Beluga (Huso huso, Linnaeus, 1758) and Adriatic (Acipenser naccarii, Bonaparte, 1836) Sturgeon
Authors: Antognazza Caterina Maria , Ramazzotti Fausto , Bruno Antonia , Galimberti Andrea , Di Francesco Monica , Zaccara Serena
Published: July 2024

Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758, acipenseridae) and Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii, Bonaparte, 1836, acipenseridae) within the Po River basin have been recently assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and were found to be Extinct in the Wild and Critically Endangered, respectively. Significant declines in both species’ abundance have spurred major research efforts and management actions in recent decades. Recently, specific actions have been conducted to recover habitat connectivity through projects of river defragmentation and reintroduction plans have been implemented for both sturgeon species. To manage effective conservation efforts, knowledge of a species’ distribution and abundance is critical, especially for adult sturgeon that are able to move hundreds of kilometers away from release sites. Here, two new quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to detect beluga sturgeon and Adriatic sturgeon environmental DNA (eDNA) in water samples have been developed with the goal of providing an alternative method to monitor their presence. Two Taqman-based assays targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b region were developed and showed no amplification of other related and co-occurring fishes. A mesocosm within the Ticino Park on the Ticino River (a main tributary of the Po River), where both species are bred, was used to develop and validate the assays. The LOQ for H. huso assay corresponded to Ct = 41 (7.33 × 107 DNA counts/µL of reaction) and for A. naccarrii it was Ct = 37 (2.23 × 1016 DNA counts/µL of reaction). Additionally, water samples were taken from the discard drainage, which flows directly into the Ticino River, testing positive detection of eDNA within a distance of up to 2 km. Overall, the results suggested that the two assays developed in this study could represent a promising new tool for monitoring both beluga and Adriatic sturgeon.
Spatial Distribution Pattern of Response of Quercus Variabilis Plantation to Forest Restoration Thinning in a Semi-Arid Area in China
Authors: Zhou Mengli , Wang Yuan , Jin Shanshan , Wang Decai , Yan Dongfeng
Published: July 2024

Plantations are increasing in frequency and extent across the landscape, especially in China, and forest thinning can accelerate the development of late-successional attributes, thereby enhancing plantation stand structural heterogeneity. To quantify the effect of forest restoration thinning on the spatial heterogeneity and the structure of Quercus variabilis plantations, a restoration thinning experiment in a 40-year-old Quercus variabilis plantation by removing trees from the upper canopy level was conducted; two one-hectare sample plots with thinning and a control (i.e., unlogged) were sampled; and geostatistics methods were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the DBH, height, and density of the stand. We found that restoration forest thinning in the Quercus variabilis plantation had a significant impact on the average DBH and tree height of the stand. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and structure ratio of the DBH, tree height, and stand density in the thinning plot were larger than those in the control plot. The range and spatial autocorrelation distance of the DBH and stand density in the thinning plot were smaller than those in the control plot, but the fractal dimension showed the opposite trend. The range and spatial autocorrelation distance of tree height in the thinning plot were higher than those in the control plot. These findings suggested that, compared with the control plot, the stereoscopic distribution of the DBH and stand density in the thinning plot fluctuated less and changed gentler, and its spatial continuity was not high but its variation was significant; meanwhile, the stereoscopic distribution of the tree height in the thinning plot was highly fluctuating and changed more significantly, with a strong spatial dependence and strip gradient distribution. Hence, forest restoration thinning could improve the distribution of the DBH and stand density and adjust the spatial heterogeneity of the DBH, tree height, and stand density of Quercus variabilis plantations.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of the Key Afforestation Species Cupressus funebris: Insights from an Ensemble Model under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Yang Jingtian , Huang Yi , Su Miaomiao , Liu Mei , Yang Jingxuan , Wu Qinggui
Published: July 2024

Cupressus funebris Endl. (C. funebris) is an evergreen tree endemic to China that is classified as a national second-class endangered plant. This species plays critical roles in soil and humidity conservation, climate regulation, and ecological restoration. It is also important in silvicultural production, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in Southwest China. In this study, an integrated modeling approach was used to integrate 10 species distribution models to simulate the potential distribution of C. funebris and predict the impact of future climate change on its distribution and ecological niche. Field surveys were conducted to compare the forest stands of C. funebris under different habitat suitability levels. The results showed that the most suitable areas for C. funebris were mainly located in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou, covering an area of approximately 15.651 × 104 km2. The productivity of the C. funebris forest stands in these highly suitable areas and was significantly higher than that in low and moderately suitable areas, although understory plant diversity did not show a competitive advantage. Under future climate scenarios, the potential distribution of C. funebris in China will expand and the geographical range of the niche will shift to higher latitudes in northern China as temperatures increase. The extent of this change in the niche’s geographical range intensified as warming increased. Specifically, under the 2090s-SSP585 climate scenario, the highly suitable area for C. funebris is projected to double, suggesting a significant expansion of the geographical range of the niche under this climate model, with more than half of the niche experiencing separation. In summary, the potential distribution of C. funebris may continue to expand and shift to higher latitudes in the context of global warming and its ecological niche’s geographical range will be adjusted accordingly. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, and rational utilization of C. funebris genetic resources by conducting niche modeling and climate suitability assessments.
Climate Change Impact on Three Important Species of Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystems: Assessing Habitat Loss and Climatic Niche Shift
Authors: Guo Facheng , Yang Yaru , Gao Guizhen
Published: July 2024

As global biodiversity hotspots, wild fruit forests play key ecological functions, providing essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage, soil retention, and water conservation, and support food chains and biodiversity conservation through key species. Climate change, with rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, threatens wild fruit forests by reducing the habitats and numbers of key species, potentially turning these ecosystems from carbon sinks to sources and diminishing overall biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, research on how these changes affect important species’ habitats and carbon dynamics remains insufficient. To address this, we analysed habitat suitability for three important species (Prunus armeniaca L., Malus sieversii, and Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y.Yao with the aim of informing conservation strategies. We used biomod2 to integrate environmental and species data using six methods, encompassing 12 models. We predicted overlapping geographical distributions of three species, analysing their ecological niches and environmental interactions using global datasets to understand their adaptations. This analysis revealed ecological niche shifts and reductions in resource utilisation in both current and future scenarios. Their distribution centres will move poleward under the influence of bioclimatic factors and human activities. In conclusion, protecting P. armeniaca, M. sieversii, and P. ledebouriana is essential for the conservation and overall health of wild fruit forest ecosystems. This study provides new insights into climate change, habitat loss, informing conservation and resilience strategies.
Software-Defined Named Data Networking in Literature: A Review
Authors: Alhawas Albatool , Belghith Abdelfettah
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an in-depth review of software-defined named data networking (SD-NDN), a transformative approach in network architectures poised to deliver substantial benefits. By addressing the limitations inherent in traditional host-centric network architectures, SD-NDN offers improvements in network performance, scalability, and efficiency. The paper commences with an overview of named data networking (NDN) and software-defined networking (SDN), the two fundamental building blocks of SD-NDN. It then explores the specifics of integrating NDN with SDN, illustrating examples of various SD-NDN models. These models are designed to leverage SDN for NDN routing, caching, and forwarding. The paper concludes by proposing potential strategies for further integration of SDN and NDN and some open research questions. These proposed strategies aim to stimulate further exploration and innovation in the field of SD-NDN.
Antispasmodic Activity of Light-Roasted Coffee Extract and Its Potential Use in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
Authors: Duangjai Acharaporn , Rawangkan Anchalee , Yosboonruang Atchariya , Ontawong Atcharaporn , Saokaew Surasak , Goh Bey-Hing , Suganuma Masami , Phisalprapa Pochamana
Published: July 2024

Antispasmodic agents are crucial in managing gastrointestinal motility disorders by modulating muscle contractions and reducing symptoms like cramping and diarrhea. This study investigated the antispasmodic potential of different coffee bean extracts, including light coffee (LC), medium coffee (MC), and dark coffee (DC), on ileum contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl), and elucidated their mechanisms of action using in vitro isolated tissue techniques. The results demonstrated that all coffee extracts reduced spontaneous contractions of rat ileum tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Among these, LC showed the most significant reduction in ileum contractions, particularly at higher concentrations. The key findings reveal that LC at 5 mg/mL significantly reduced CaCl2-induced contractions in isolated rat ileum tissue, indicating that LC may inhibit calcium influx or interfere with calcium signaling pathways. The presence of nifedipine, propranolol, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) have been confirmed in their involvement; they block calcium influx and calcium channels and activate β-adrenergic pathways as part of LC’s mechanism of action. The presence of their active compounds, particularly chlorogenic acid and caffeine, likely contributes to the observed antispasmodic effects. These findings suggest that LC exerts its antispasmodic effects by targeting key mechanisms involved in muscle spasms and intestinal motility, providing a potential for managing such conditions.
Robust Detection of Cracked Eggs Using a Multi-Domain Training Method for Practical Egg Production
Authors: Cheng Yuxuan , Huang Yidan , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Xuehong , Wang Qiaohua , Fan Wei
Published: July 2024

The presence of cracks reduces egg quality and safety, and can easily cause food safety hazards to consumers. Machine vision-based methods for cracked egg detection have achieved significant success on in-domain egg data. However, the performance of deep learning models usually decreases under practical industrial scenarios, such as the different egg varieties, origins, and environmental changes. Existing researches that rely on improving network structures or increasing training data volumes cannot effectively solve the problem of model performance decline on unknown egg testing data in practical egg production. To address these challenges, a novel and robust detection method is proposed to extract max domain-invariant features to enhance the model performance on unknown test egg data. Firstly, multi-domain egg data are built on different egg origins and acquisition devices. Then, a multi-domain trained strategy is established by using Maximum Mean Discrepancy with Normalized Squared Feature Estimation (NSFE-MMD) to obtain the optimal matching egg training domain. With the NSFE-MMD method, the original deep learning model can be applied without network structure improvements, which reduces the extremely complex tuning process and hyperparameter adjustments. Finally, robust cracked egg detection experiments are carried out on several unknown testing egg domains. The YOLOV5 (You Only Look Once v5) model trained by the proposed multi-domain training method with NSFE-MMD has a detection mAP of 86.6% on the unknown test Domain 4, and the YOLOV8 (You Only Look Once v8) model has a detection mAP of 88.8% on Domain 4, which is an increase of 8% and 4.4% compared to the best performance of models trained on a single domain, and an increase of 4.7% and 3.7% compared to models trained on all domains. In addition, the YOLOV5 model trained by the proposed multi-domain training method has a detection mAP of 87.9% on egg data of the unknown testing Domain 5. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed multi-domain training method, which can be more suitable for the large quantity and variety of egg detection production.
Validity and Reliability of the Greek Version of Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Terms of Dispositional Optimism in a Community-Dwelling Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gialama Marilena , Kleisiaris Christos , Malliarou Maria , Papagiannis Dimitrios , Papathanasiou Ioanna V. , Karavasileiadou Savvato , Almegewly Wafa Hamad , Tsaras Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

Vaccine hesitancy is an important public health issue referring to concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccination. Within a framework, this study aimed to assess the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Greek version of the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) as well as to identify the determinants of vaccine hesitancy among a large regional population in central Greece. A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 300 adults who had received primary healthcare services in the Health Centers and Local Health Units of the Magnesia Region from October to December 2022. The aVHS and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were used to identify vaccine hesitancy and the dispositional level of optimism, respectively. For survey translation, the procedure of forward and backward translation was followed. Also, the aVHS was tested in a pilot study with a sample of 18 responders. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were investigated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine predictors for vaccine hesitancy. Factor analyses indicated that the aVHS comprises two constructs (“lack of confidence” and “risk perception”) explaining 68.9% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale was 0.884, indicating its high internal consistency. Participants who lived in rural areas, had a lower annual income, and reported a lower level of optimism showed a higher lack of confidence in vaccination. On the other hand, people aged above 45 years old who had graduated from high school or elementary school and were unemployed showed greater aversion to the risks of side effects. Finally, certain socio-demographic characteristics were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Our data suggest that the aVHS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring vaccine-related attitudes and perceptions in Greek society, providing meaningful insight into designing vaccination-related preventive interventions in the community.
The Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Performance and Injury in the Lower Extremities: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Nunes Hugo , Fernandes Luís Gonçalves , Martins Pedro Nunes , Ferreira Ricardo Maia
Published: July 2024

Due to their potential positive outcomes, hamstring eccentric exercises are becoming increasingly popular in training regimens. Among the various exercises, the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is the most common. Despite its popularity, there are still some doubts about its benefits and risks. So, the aim of this umbrella review was to summarize the effects of NHE on performance and injury prevention. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple e-databases, according to the P (injured and non-injured athletes or recreationally active or healthy individuals) I (NHE) C (no intervention, placebo, or other interventions) O (performance or injury) S (systematic reviews) model. The quality of the studies was accessed with the AMSTAR-2. From the 916 systematic reviews found, only 10 could be included. They encompassed 125 studies, enrolling 17,260 subjects. The results from the studies indicate that NHE interventions demonstrated positive effects on sprint performance, muscle activation, eccentric strength, and muscle architecture (fascicle length, muscle thickness, and pennation angle). Furthermore, NHE is effective in preventing hamstring injuries (up to 51%). In conclusion, NHE should be integrated in training (especially, in the warm-up phase) for both enhancing athletic performance and preventing hamstring injuries. For achieving more positive results, it is recommended that high-volume is followed by low-volume maintenance, targeting 48 reps/week.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)-Donor Molecules: Chemical, Biological, and Therapeutical Tools
Authors: Corvino Angela , Caliendo Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

This Special Issue aims to gather new research on hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing compounds (Figure 1) as cutting-edge pharmacological tools and to advance the understanding of the critical role that H2S plays in physiological and pathological processes [...]
Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Biological Properties of Novel Cement Based on Calcium Phosphate Doped with Ions of Strontium, Copper, and Zinc
Authors: Vlajić Tovilović Tamara , Petrović Sanja , Lazarević Miloš , Pavić Aleksandar , Plačkić Nikola , Milovanović Aleksa , Milošević Miloš , Miletic Vesna , Veljović Djordje , Radunović Milena
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to compare the biological properties of newly synthesized cements based on calcium phosphate with a commercially used cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Strontium (Sr)-, Copper (Cu)-, and Zinc (Zn)-doped hydroxyapatite (miHAp) powder was obtained through hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was produced by mixing miHAp powder with a 20 wt.% citric acid solution, followed by the assessment of its compressive strength, setting time, and in vitro bioactivity. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was added to the CPC, resulting in CPCA. Biological tests were conducted on CPC, CPCA, and MTA. The biocompatibility of the cement extracts was evaluated in vitro using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and in vivo using a zebrafish model. Antibiofilm and antimicrobial effect (quantified by CFUs/mL) were assessed against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. None of the tested materials showed toxicity, while CPCA even increased hDPSCs proliferation. CPCA showed a better safety profile than MTA and CPC, and no toxic or immunomodulatory effects on the zebrafish model. CPCA exhibited similar antibiofilm effects against S. mutans and L. rhamnosus to MTA.
G-Banding and Molecular Cytogenetics Detect Novel Translocations and Cryptic Aberrations in Human Immortal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Binz Regina Lichti , Pathak Rupak
Published: July 2024

Endothelial cells (ECs) maintain vessel tone and barrier integrity, regulate blood homeostasis, and prevent the extravasation of leukocytes under normal physiological conditions. Because of the limited lifespans and batch-to-batch differences with respect to the genetic make-up of primary ECs, established immortal EC lines are extensively used for studying endothelial biology. To address this issue, the immortal endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was developed by fusing primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with human lung carcinoma A549 cells. EA.hy926 cells share a number of similar endothelial properties with HUVECs and are considered the immortal counterpart to primary HUVECs. However, the cytogenetic integrity of EA.hy926 cells is not fully elucidated. We characterized EA.hy926 cells with conventional G-banding and molecular cytogenetic techniques such as spectral karyotyping and subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an array of numerical and stable structural chromosomal rearrangements including one deletion, one duplication, one isochromosome, seven simple translocations, and five complex translocations in Ea.hy926 cells. These findings will advance comprehension of EA.hy926 cell biology and augment future endothelial studies, specifically in comparison studies between HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells.
Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System
Authors: Milojevic Sara , Ghosh Arijit , Makevic Vedrana , Stojkovic Maja , Capovilla Maria , Tosti Tomislav , Budimirovic Dejan , Protic Dragana
Published: July 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the full mutation in the FMR1 gene on the Xq27.3 chromosome region. It is the most common monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inherited intellectual disability (ID). Besides ASD and ID and other symptoms, individuals with FXS may exhibit sleep problems and impairment of circadian rhythm (CR). The Drosophila melanogaster models of FXS, such as dFMR1B55, represent excellent models for research in the FXS field. During this study, sleep patterns and CR in dFMR1B55 mutants were analyzed, using a new platform based on continuous high-resolution videography integrated with a highly-customized version of an open-source software. This methodology provides more sensitive results, which could be crucial for all further research in this model of fruit flies. The study revealed that dFMR1B55 male mutants sleep more and can be considered weak rhythmic flies rather than totally arrhythmic and present a good alternative animal model of genetic disorder, which includes impairment of CR and sleep behavior. The combination of affordable videography and software used in the current study is a significant improvement over previous methods and will enable broader adaptation of such high-resolution behavior monitoring methods.