bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feast on Innovation
Authors: Bhatt Sagar , Dani Rakesh , Abdullah Khairul Hafezad , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar
Published: August 2024

The restaurant industry has been revolutionized by introducing new information technology (IT), which is used in various ways to enhance the dining experience for customers, streamline business processes, and increase output. This research investigates and contrasts how different types of restaurants implemented new information technology, what drives outlet managers to decide whether to adopt such innovations, and how those managers view the effects of executing such innovations on their businesses. This study detailed a case study analysis of four restaurants in Dehradun. The interviews with the owners were conducted to investigate how they could adapt to accommodate new forms of technology at their premises. The results indicated that Restaurant 1 prioritises customer service over technology, while Restaurant 2 embraces technology to improve operations and service. Corporate technology policies bind Restaurant 3. Meanwhile, Restaurant 4 offers email deals and is considering a Google partnership for local searches. All owners value customer satisfaction and rely on word-of-mouth advertising. The contrasts between the hotel and independent restaurants are explored as hypotheses are created regarding the IT adoption and implementation characteristics shared by these businesses. The results recommend investigating the relationship between technology adoption and restaurant customer service. This could entail analysing client happiness and loyalty in restaurants using various technologies. Back-of-house technology solutions can assist restaurants in making more intelligent technology investments.
Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Service Marketing
Authors: Semwal Rajeev , Tripathi Nandita , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within service industries, examining the role of AI technologies in promoting equitable access to services, addressing systemic biases, and fostering inclusive service environments. Beginning with an overview of the importance of DEI in service marketing, the chapter delves into the ethical considerations and emerging trends shaping AI-driven DEI efforts. Case studies highlight successful implementations of AI-driven DEI initiatives, showcasing best practices and key insights for organizations seeking to leverage AI for social good. The chapter also discusses methods for measuring the impact of AI applications in DEI and predicts future directions for AI technologies in addressing DEI challenges. By prioritizing ethical AI development, inclusive design practices, and community engagement, organizations can harness the transformative potential of AI to drive positive social impact, advance DEI objectives, and create more equitable and inclusive service industries.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Marketing Performance of Tourism and Hospitality Businesses
Authors: Alnasser Emad Mohammed , Alkhozaim Sultan Mohammed , Alshiha Ahmed Abdulaziz , Al-Romeedy Bassam Samir
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on marketing innovation and marketing performance. It also explores how marketing innovation affects marketing performance and investigates the mediating role of marketing innovation in the relationship between AI and marketing performance. To analyze survey responses from 398 employees at travel agencies in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the researchers utilized PLS-SEM and WarpPLS 7.0 statistical software. The results indicate that AI positively influences both marketing innovation and marketing performance. Moreover, marketing innovation positively impacts marketing performance and partially mediates the relationship between AI and marketing performance. These findings provide valuable insights for tourism and hospitality businesses aiming to utilize AI for improved marketing results and sustained growth in a highly competitive market.
Virtual Reality and Tourism Marketing
Authors: Arora Anisha , Siddhey Prashant Kumar
Published: August 2024

Marketing for historical tourism is being revolutionized by social media and virtual reality, which provide immersive experiences that go beyond conventional boundaries. This study investigates how they interact to affect behavioral intent, emotional reaction, and audience engagement. Researchers examine user behavior and pleasure through the use of netnography, narrative reporting, and theories such as uses and gratifications and UTAUT. The results highlight the importance of VRM for sustainable tourism and economic growth, but they also highlight the need for more study on industry acceptability and regulatory frameworks. Opportunities to improve visitor experiences and encourage cultural preservation are provided by VRM. Future research should concentrate on cross-location comparisons and the integration of VR with cutting-edge technologies like AR and MR. In the end, VRM has the power to revolutionize historical tourism by offering enthralling experiences that encourage inquiry and discovery.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Event Experiences
Authors: Banerjee Moushumi
Published: August 2024

Digital technology has changed the human environment in achieving business goals. Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to bring massive growth to the service industry, but its impact on consumers is still questioned. The research focuses on the impact of artificial intelligence as a driver of celebrations. The findings reveal three different ideas for the future where intelligence will influence the 2026 celebration from success to failure. The chapter provides participants with guidance on how to use AI to create a successful ecosystem.
Strategies to Improve Sleep Quality in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Peršolja Melita , Rožnik Anet
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients in intensive care units are exposed to many factors that can negatively affect the quality of their sleep.

Objective

To describe the latest findings regarding sleep quality improvement in intensive care unit patients.

Methods

An integrative literature review was conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases in April and May 2023. The following keywords were used: intensive care units, promotion, sleep quality, and sleep. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of individual studies.

Results

Of 159 articles identified, 10 were included in the final analysis. The findings were grouped into 4 thematic categories: consequences of poor sleep quality, factors affecting sleep quality, pharmacologic ways to improve sleep quality, and nonpharmacologic ways to improve sleep quality.

Discussion

Various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are used in clinical settings. Nonpharmacologic interventions include sleep masks, earplugs, reductions in alarm volume, and reductions in nighttime interventions. Relaxation techniques include aromatherapy, music therapy, and acupressure.

Conclusions

The most effective way to improve sleep for intensive care unit patients is to use a combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. Among the latter, the use of earplugs and sleep masks is simplest.
Reducing Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections With a Multipronged Nurse-Driven Approach
Authors: Hoke Linda M. , Mathen Gracy C. , Beckett Ellen
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite implementation of central catheter bundles, central line [catheter]–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) remain a preventable hospital-acquired infection.

Local Problem

A new population of patients with pulmonary artery catheters was introduced to the cardiac progressive care unit, increasing central catheter days, device use, and CLABSI rate.

Methods

A quality improvement project was conducted. Nursing staff implemented a standardized central catheter rounding process 3 days a week to critically assess all central catheter dressings, deter-mine the necessity of each central catheter, and educate patients on the importance of keeping central catheter dressings clean, dry, and intact. Data were collected during central catheter rounds for each patient, entered in an electronic survey tool via mobile devices, and analyzed.

Results

From July 2019 through June 2022, a total of 2692 rounds were conducted for 707 individual patients with 3064 central catheters. Main interventions were dressing management, monitoring insertion site bleeding that extended beyond edges of the chlorhexidine gluconate pad, treating patients’ allergies to products, and maintaining sustainability within the unit. Central catheter rounds decreased the CLABSI rate from 1.86 to 0.0 despite the continued increase in central catheter days.

Conclusions

Central catheter dressing assessment, intervention, and education help reduce CLABSIs. Central catheter rounds are an important adjunct to the CLABSI bundle. A central catheter dressing management algorithm helps nurses decide when to change a dressing and which type of dressing to use.
Dolichandra unguis-cati, a friend or a foe? A study on honey production potential
Authors: Silva K. P. T. , Jayasinghe W. H.
Published: August 2024

The University of Peradeniya’s grounds are home to the famous Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohmann; cat’s claw vine, which blooms primarily from March through May. The vine has received a lot of attention mostly for its showy flowers. Being an invasive species, D. unguis-cati can pose a threat to the native flora and fauna. Yet, the vine also has positive impacts. Therefore, we looked at nectar production dimensions, the average brix value of nectar, honey production potential (HPP) and the honeybee colony carrying capacity (HCCC) of the vine specific to the garden of the University of Peradeniya, which reveals that it is a significant source of food for foraging bees. A vine had an average flower density of 154,700 per vine and 324 per m2. Each blossom produced nectar for at least four days. The average sugar content per blossom was 6.3 mg and an average of 3.94 kg of sugar was thought to be generated by each plant. The HPP per plant in the experiment was 4.58 kg, whereas the estimated HPP at the study site was between 77 - 125 kg. This gave an HCCC rating between 15 and 25. As a result, D. unguis-cati serves as a safe haven for honeybees and a vital food supply for insects, which are crucial in ecology. This study only considered the honey production potential; any other impact on the local flora and fauna has not been considered.
Challenges and advancing strategies of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: The puzzle of eCura C1
Authors: Calabrese Giulio , Manfredi Guido , Maida Marcello F , Mandarino Francesco V , Shahini Endrit , Pugliese Francesco , Cecinato Paolo , Laterza Liboria , Sinagra Emanuele , Sferrazza Sandro
Published: August 2024

In this editorial, we explore the challenges of managing noncurative resections in early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), starting from the consideration recently made by Zhu et al . Specifically, we evaluate the management of eCura C1 lesions, where decisions regarding further interventions are pivotal yet contentious. Collaboration among endoscopists, surgeons, and pathologists is underscored to refine risk assessment and personalize therapeutic management. Recent advancements in ESD techniques and interdisciplinary collaboration offer opportunities for outcome optimization in managing eCura C1 lesions. Moreover, despite needing further clinical validation, molecular biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for enhancing prognostication. This manuscript highlights the ongoing research attempts to define treatment paradigms effectively and evaluates the potential of emerging options, ultimately aiming to improve patient care and outcomes in this complex clinical scenario.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatment of isolated gastric varices entwined with arteries: A case report
Authors: Zhang Hong-Ying , He Chen-Cong , Zhong Ding-Fu
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Interventional endoscopic ultrasound is clinically used for the treatment of isolated gastric varices (IGVs) owing to its precise visualization.

CASE SUMMARY

A 39-year-old man was diagnosed with a large IGV during a routine physical examination. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed gastric varices entwined with an artery, which greatly increased the difficulty of treatment. We successfully treated the patient with endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization combined with cyanoacrylate injection.

CONCLUSION

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization combined with cyanoacrylate injection was safe and effective for the treatment of an IGV entwined with an artery.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Autologous Fat Graft for Chronic Wound Management in Low-Resource Settings: A Single-Center Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ajujo Martin , Khainga Stanley , Nangole Ferdinand , Zuriel Daniel , Amuti Thomas
Published: August 2024

Background: Autologous fat grafts (AFGs) and platelet-rich plasmas (PRPs) are useful adjuncts to healing of chronic wounds. In the  resource-limited setting, PRP is the more attractive option owing to its ease of use. There is, however, a paucity of data comparing the  two.
Methods: In this single-center randomized controlled trial, we recruited 56 participants in the AFG (26) and PRP (30) groups. Bed  preparation and standard dressings were done, then AFGs or PRPs were injected at the wound base and peri-wound area. On days 3, 7,  14, 21, and 28 data for epithelialization, granulation, wound contraction, pain, and infections were collected and analyzed using SPSS.  
Results: Granulation and epithelialization increased from day 0 to 28 in both groups with statistical differences observed on days 0, 14,  and 21 (p values = 0.033, 0.002, and 0.002, respectively, for granulation and no significant difference noted for epithelialization).  Contraction was observed in both groups from day 0 to 28 with a significant difference noted on days 3 and 7 (p value = 0.015 and 0.004,  respectively). Pain decreased from day 0 to 28, with the PRP group recording lower values. There were no infections among the AFG  group, while in the PRP group, infections were reported on day 3.
Conclusions: PRP provides a viable option over fat graft in the  management of chronic wounds.
From Academia To Careers: A Comparative Study Of Cox And Parametric Aft Survival Models On Arusha Technical College’s Graduates Class Of 2022
Authors: Philemon Enock Exavery , Menrad Msamba Oscar
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine what factors affect the time it takes Arusha Technical College graduates to land their first job following graduation. The study examines the length of unemployment for 568 graduates from 15 academic programs using information from a tracer survey carried out in 2022. The effect of academic programs, job search tactics, and demographic traits such as gender and age on graduates’ employment outcomes is investigated through the use of survival analysis techniques, such as the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier estimator. The results show that the median time to start employment is roughly 10 months, with differences seen depending on the company category, gender, age group, academic degree, and job search tactics. Moreover, it is observed that male graduates are more likely than female graduates to secure employment before their peers, and that some academic programs have higher rates of job placement. The government sector is the most advantageous for early employment, followed by private and self-employment. Furthermore, graduates who use internet-based job search strategies also find employment more quickly than graduates who use other methods. Consequently, age, academic program, and job search strategy all have a substantial impact on graduates’ employment outcomes, which has implications for career development initiatives and industry-academia partnerships.
Veterinary medicines in Togo: legislation and distribution channels for antibiotics used in poultry
Authors: Tcheou Priscilla Bele , Bedekelabou Andre Pouwedeou , Talaki Essodina , Salou Mounerou
Published: August 2024

The poultry farming sector contributes enormously to the satisfaction of the needs of the Togolese population in meat products. One of  the inputs to the development of this poultry industry is the use of antibiotics to combat sanitary constraints in the farms. Legislation on  Veterinary Drugs (VD) and quality assurance of these products is therefore an essential factor for the poultry sector. In Togo, little surveys  have yet evaluated the distribution circuit of VD, the quality and quantities of antibiotics used in the poultry sector. The objective  of this study was to describe the official VD distribution system and to evaluate the quality and quantity of antibiotics distributed through  this system by means of marketing authorizations (MAs) and the turnovers of VD wholesalers. The study approach consisted of direct  interviews with officials from the Livestock Directorate to describe the official VD circuit and the legislative texts governing this  distribution. On the other hand, surveys were conducted among professional wholesalers of VD in Togo to evaluate the turnover of  antibiotics consumed and the availability or not of MAs for antibiotics. Excel software was used to collect and analyze the data. This study  took place from September 2nd to September 22nd, 2022. The study revealed that the VD in Togo is governed mainly by decrees and  orders. There are two parallel markets. The players involved in this official circuit are wholesale distributors, retailers, and representatives  of pharmaceutical companies. All the VD distributed by these players in the official circuit comes from imports. There are  eight VD wholesalers in Togo. The most imported drugs are antibiotics. The illicit market constitutes a significant non negligible  competitive market. The share of drugs from Asia is significant because it is cheaper. The monetary value for the purchase of VDs in Togo  was estimated at 7,080,704,605 FCFA from 2018 to 2021. It was observed also that the most used antibiotics are in solid form,  especially in poultry. The solid antibiotic mostly used in farms (16780520 Kilograms (kg)) as well as in poultry (9229286 kg) is penicillin G  while in the liquid form, oxytetracycline is the widely used with 1216.05 liters (l) for poultry farming out of 2211 liters for all animal farms.  A significant proportion of VDs comes from the official circuit but does not have a marketing authorization. This is mainly due to the lack  of strict enforcement of the regulations. It is therefore important to review the quality of the regulations on the distribution of VD, which  will benefit the consumer of poultry products in Togo.
Effets de trois sources alimentaires sur la qualité du milieu et les performances zootechniques du tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppel, 1852) en étangs piscicoles (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Konate Soumaila , Yeo Gopeyue Maurice , Bi Tra Florent Goure , Ouattara Nahoua Issa , Ble Melecony Celestin
Published: August 2024

L’usage d’aliment commercial s’est largement répandu dans les fermes piscicoles ivoiriennes, mais cette alimentation a montré ses  limites chez certaines espèces comme le tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. Ainsi cette étude visait à comparer l’effet d’un aliment  commercial et de deux aliments naturels sur la qualité du milieu et les performances de croissance du tilapia S. melanotheron. Pour ce  faire, le son de riz utilisé comme aliment-fertilisant (source 1) et les périphytons (source 2) produits à partir des tiges de bambous ainsi qu’un aliment commercial (source 3) ont été utilisés pour nourrir des juvéniles de S. melanotheron en étangs durant 120 jours. Les  résultats ont montré une diminution significative du taux d’oxygène dissous dans les étangs contenant les tiges de bambous (3,36 mg/L)  et le son de riz (4,61 mg/L) par rapport aux étangs contenant l’aliment commercial (6,23 mg/L). Au niveau de la croissance, les résultats  ont montré une meilleure croissance des poissons nourris avec l’aliment commercial (Gain Moyen Quotidien = 0,71 g/j) par rapport auxpoissons soumis au son de riz (GMQ = 0,45 g/j) et aux périphytons (GMQ = 0,38 g/j). En conclusion, on peut estimer que les sources  naturelles provoquent une concurrence dans la consommation de l’oxygène du milieu entre les poissons et les matières organiques  entrainant ainsi une faible croissance des poissons.
 
English title: Effects of three food sources on the quality of environment and zootechnical performance of tilapia Sarotherodon  melanotheron (Rüppel, 1852) in fish ponds (Côte d’Ivoire)
The use of commercial feed has become widespread in Ivorian fish farms, but this feed has shown its limits in a few species such as  tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. This study aimed at comparing the effect of a commercial food and two natural foods on the quality  of environment and the growth performance of tilapia S. melanotheron. Thus, rice bran used as a fertilizer food (source 1) and  periphytons (source 2) produced from bamboo stems as well as commercial food (source 3) were used to feed juveniles of S.  melanotheron in ponds for 120 days. The results showed a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in ponds containing bamboo stems (3.36 mg/L) and rice bran (4.61 mg/L) compared to ponds containing commercial food (6.23 mg/L). in terms of growth, the results  showed better growth of fish fed with commercial food (Dailly Weight Gain = 0.71 g/d) compared to fish fed rice (DWG = 0.45 g/d) and  periphytons (DWG = 0.38 g/d). In conclusion, the natural foods cause competition in the consumption of oxygen in the environment, thus  leading to poor fish growth.
Nature and properties of carbohydrate derivatives of piperidin-4-one
Authors: Sarymzakova Roza , Ibragimova Ayzada , Sarymzakova Bermet , Khaperskaya Lydya , Sulyamanova Shafika
Published: August 2024

In the modern world, drug resistance of pathogens responsible for various diseases has become a deadly threat to mankind, and  requires the search for new biologically active substances. One of the approaches is the introduction of carbohydrates with unprotected  hydroxyl groups into the structure of medical drugs, which can reduce their toxicity, increase their water solubility and increase the  selectivity of action. The aim of the study was to develop a scientific basis for the synthesis of biologically active substances by  condensation of glycosylvinylnitrosourea with various γ-piperidone derivatives and to study their properties. The choice of γpiperidone  derivatives was justified by their strong antiviral and antibacterial activity. Despite their low water solubility, these compounds have  potential for the development of new effective drugs. Experiments were carried out using various aglycones and carbohydrate  components. A variety of methods including analytical, comparative, computer modelling and experimental methods were employed in  this work to achieve the results. The results showed potentials in the proposed synthesis methods for the development of new drug  compounds. The introduction of unprotected hydroxyl groups into the structure of the medicinal compounds by forming glycosyl  carbamide bond improved the toxicological characteristics, solubility, and selectivity. It has been shown experimentally that the  interaction of nitroso derivatives of glycosylurea with basic amines is relatively easy. This study opens prospects for the development of  new drugs with improved properties and biological activity. The results of this work may lead to the development of effective therapeutic  agents in the fight against drug resistance and infectious diseases.
Effet de la complémentation de la pousse d’Euphorbia heterophylla L. sur les principales hormones gonadotropes et sur les spermatozoïdes du cobaye
Authors: Kouame Francois Yao , Kouakou Vincent David N'goran , Djadji Lenoir Thierry Ayoman
Published: August 2024

Euphorbia heterophylla est une adventice qui popularise 70% des parcelles cotonnières du nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Une enquête, en vue  de sa valorisation, a révélé ses effets profertiles. Dans le but de vérifier ces effets sur la fertilité du cobaye mâle, l’étude des activités  fertilisantes de sa pousse sèche a été menée. A cet effet, une analyse du taux des hormones gonadotropes dans le sang après 15 jours,  30 jours et 60 jours de complémentation avec 5 g ou 10 g et des tests de motilité, vitalité, concentration et de formes des spermatozoïdes le 60ieme jour, ont été effectués après administration des traitements. Les résultats ont montré un effet propulseur sur la testostérone et  la quantité et la qualité du sperme mais aucun effet sur la FSH, la LH et la prolactine. Pour une consommation d’environ 5 g ou 10 g  par jour, le taux de testostérone a successivement augmenté. De plus, la complémentation a présenté une forte amélioration de la  motilité, la vitalité, la motilité et la concentration des spermatozoïdes, et de leurs formes par rapport au témoin. Ces résultats montrent  que la plante pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des paramètres de reproduction des cobayes. 
 
English title: Effect of Euphorbia heterophylla L. shoot supplementation on the main gonadotropic hormones and on guinea pig spermatozoaEuphorbia heterophylla is a weed which popularizes 70% of cotton plots in northern Ivory Coast. An investigation into its valuation  revealed its profertile effects. In order to verify these effects on the fertility of male guinea pigs, the study of the fertilizing activities of its  dry shoot was carried out. For this purpose, an analysis of the level of gonadotropic hormones in the blood after 15 days, 30 days and 60  days of supplementation with 5 g or 10 g and tests of motility, vitality, concentration and shape of the spermatozoa on the 60th day, were carried out. were carried out after administration of the treatments. The results showed a boosting effect on testosterone and sperm  quantity and quality but no effect on FSH, LH and prolactin. For a consumption of around 5 g or 10 g per day, the testosterone level  successively increased. In addition, the supplementation presented a strong improvement in the motility, vitality, motility and  concentration of spermatozoa, and their shapes compared to the control. These results show that the plant could contribute to improving  the reproductive parameters of guinea pigs.
Determinants of Information and Communication Technology Usage Among Cassava Value Chain Actors in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo Isaiah Fisayo , Ogunleye Kehinde Yewande , Olaniyi Olumuyiwa Akin , Dlamini Mbuyazwe Micheal
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the determinants of information and communication technology usage among cassava value chain actors in Southwest Nigeria. The research focuses on identifying the factors influencing the use of ICT tools among cassava producers, marketers, and processors. Data were collected from 355 respondents using random and cluster sampling techniques and analysed through mean scores, frequency counts, percentages, and multiple regression. The most commonly used ICT tools among the actors are radio ( =  = 2.92), mobile phones ( = = 2.80), and social media ( = 2.55), while global positioning systems (GPS) ( = = 0.34), and aerial drones = = 0.06) are among the least utilized. The finding revealed that the level of ICT usage among CVCAs in the region is relatively low. The result of multiple regression analysis indicates that  sex, education level, household size, years of CVC experience, extension contacts, and membership in social organizations significantly influenced ICT usage among CVCAs. The study recommends that the extension institutions and relevant stakeholders should design and implement training programmes focused on enhancing the skills and capacity of cassava value chain actors (CVCAs) in utilizing modern ICT tools and harnessing their power for an efficient, and sustainable cassava value chain in Nigeria.
Online Resource Usage by Agricultural Science Lecturers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Issa Fadlullah Olayiwola , Omisope Emmanuel Tomiwa , Mani Jamila Rabe , Adesina Mofoluso Adewunmi , Umar Badamasi
Published: August 2024

The study assessed the use of online resources by agricultural science lecturers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Sixty-six lecturers were randomly sampled from two universities, and one college of agriculture. A structured questionnaire was adopted to elicit relevant data for the study. Frequency counts, percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. The main types of online resources used included electronic journals, search engines, and video/picture files, with a grand mean of 2.0 (SD=0.76). Online resources that were perceived to be useful to lecturers included search engines, electronic journals, and encyclopaedias, with a grand mean of 2.15 (SD=0.90). Socio-institutional factors that significantly influenced the use of online resources were age (t=-8.560) and education (t=1.790). Major constraints in the use of online resources by the lecturers included the high cost of access to online resources ( =3.36), non‐subscription for relevant online resources by institutions ( =3.34), and connectivity problems ( =3.33). This study concludes that the use of online resources is determined by the age and level of education of the lecturers. Tertiary institutions should ensure reliable internet connectivity and an adequate subscription to relevant online resources to support teaching, learning, and research.
Effect of glycerol on preservation of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumonia (Mccp) in frozen lung Samples
Authors: Adhiambo Onywera Ruth , Ouma Mungube Erick , Hezron Wesonga , Jane Ngaira , Nimmo Gicheru
Published: August 2024

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a  disease that affects the respiratory system of goats. Diagnosis of CCPP encounters challenges since Mccp is fastidious making it difficult  to isolate or revive from stored samples. This study assessed the effect of glycerol on success of isolating Mccp from stored lung tissues.  Experimentally infected goats developed fever and respiratory both consistent with CCPP and about 83% of the infected goats showed a  variety of gross lesions including red hepatization, hyperemia, fibrinous pleural deposits and fibrinous adhesions. Three pieces of lung  samples were collected from the same site of each of the 24 experimentally infected goats immediately after euthanasia. One piece was  placed in media prepared with 8 weeks old serum immediately after collection for cultivation. The other two pieces were stored with and  without glycerol at - 40℃. The stored samples were retrieved and cultured after 21, 34 and 39 months and the samples where Mccp was  isolated re-cultured after six months. Mccp was not isolated in fresh lung samples. There was 50% (4/8) success in isolation of Mccp for  lung samples stored in glycerol for 21 months compared to 37.5% (3/8) for those stored for 34 months. Out of the four lung samples  which yielded Mccp at 21 months, Mccp was isolated in all four at 27 months, 3 samples at 34 months, and in no samples after 40 months  of storage. At all-time points, samples stored without glycerol did not show growth. The findings demonstrate the effect of glycerol in  preserving Mccp viability in longer duration periods storage. Further studies are needed to assess success of isolating Mccp using a  single batch of quality-controlled serum, aliquoted and stored at different time intervals.
Do we think alike? Exploring user perceptions of road aesthetic dimensions in Nairobi
Authors: Ondieki Kemuma , Njuguna Mugwima , Gariy Abiero
Published: August 2024

Road aesthetics is critical to improving safety, traffic flow, and user experience. This study hypothesises that these aesthetic qualities exist  as latent factors in urban roads, influencing how people perceive them. The study aims to examine how different road users  perceive these qualities. The study used a mixed-methods approach to collect data from 354 road users and identified coherence,  naturalness, and imageability as the inherent aesthetic qualities in the roads. Different road user categories demonstrated distinct  perceptions of the aesthetic dimensions. Regarding coherence, there was evidence of a difference in the perceptions by the types of road  users; H(2) = 55.684, p  .001, among the categories of age groups; H(4) = 15.624, p = .004, and in the frequency of road use; H(2) = 9.006,  p = .011. With regards to road naturalness, statistically significant differences were found between pedestrians and motorcyclists  U(Npedestrians = 170, Nmotorcyclists = 87) = 3928.00, z = -6.170, p ˂ .001, as well as between pedestrians and drivers U(Npedestrians =  170, Ndrivers = 97) = 5963.00, z = -3.772, p ˂ .001. There was also evidence of a difference in male and female users, H(1) = 12.844, p <  .001. Additionally, the one-way ANOVA showed a statistical difference among age groups, F(4,349) = 3.40, p=.010. Finally, the test results  for road imageability indicated a difference in the types of road users, H(2) = 31.513, p < .001. It also revealed a statistical difference  among groups based on the frequency of use F(2,305) =3.93, p=.021. These findings suggest differences in cognitive loads among  different categories of road users and highlight the need to review how road users prioritise self-explaining road principles. The study  proposes consideration of diverse user cognitive abilities as a major contributor to the human factors in the initial stages of road planning. This consideration will lead to more inclusive and effective road design strategies, ultimately resulting in safer urban roads.
The influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on the implementation of strategic plans by devolved governments in Kenya
Authors: Gichuki Godfrey K. , Karanja Kabare , Atikiya Rukia
Published: August 2024

Strategy implementation is only successful when backed by an effective leadership defined by how well leadership functions are carried  out and how managers typically behave towards members of an organization. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence  of leadership styles on the implementation of strategic plans by devolved governments in Kenya. The study is anchored on Higgins's  model of strategy implementation, and transformational and transactional theories of leadership. The study employed a cross-sectional  descriptive survey research design. The target population was the 47 devolved governments in Kenya represented by the five devolved  units in the Nairobi Metropolitan area comprising of Nairobi Kiambu, Murang’a, Machakos and Kajiado. A stratified random sampling  technique was applied to Yamane’ formula to select 217 respondents from 474 senior county officers the five counties. Data was collected  using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. A pilot test was carried out to assess the reliability and validity of the  data collection instrument. Descriptive data analysis and inferential statistics were produced using SPSS and presented in figures and tables. Qualitative data collected using the open-ended questions was transformed into quantitative data by use of content analysis. The  study findings revealed that the transformational leadership style had a positive and significant influence on strategy implementation  while the transactional leadership style had a negative and insignificant influence on strategy implementation by the devolved  governments in Kenya. The study found other factors such as lack of prioritization of projects, lack of public participation and feedback and political interference were important. The study therefore provides empirical evidence in evaluating transformational and  transactional leadership styles, adds valuable insights on how to improve strategic management practice, and presents recommendation  for leadership policy development by devolved government and options for future research studies.
Graft Copolymerization of Methylmethacrylate onto Ximeniaamericana Seed Oil-Based Polyurethanes using an initiator-accelerator couple system: Effect of initiation time on Mechanical, Swelling and Morphological Properties
Authors: Samuel A. E. , Alfa T. A. , Ilesanmi N. Y. , Hyeladzira Y. B. , Bashar U.
Published: August 2024

Graft copolymerization continuestoplay important role in the modification of wide range of polymer materials for industrial application. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of variedinitiation time of benzoyl peroxide-N,N-dimethyl- para -toludinecouple system by free radical solution polymerization on the mechanical, swelling and morphological properties of polyurethane-graft-polymethylmethacrylate copolymer using appropriate standard methods. The tensile and flexural properties for HDPU-1.02-g-PMMA and TDPU-1.02-g-PMMA increased within (20-30 min.) initiation time and decreased thereafter, these parameters for MDPU-1.02-g-PMMA, increased over the whole range of initiation time (20-40 min.). The copolymers showed maximum and minimum swelling in chloroform and propanol respectively, with exception of propanol, MDPU-1.02-g-PMMA copolymer presents the highest swelling in other solvents. HDPU-1.02-g-PMMA and TDPU-1.02-g-PMMA copolymers prepared at40 min. initiation time showed macrophase separation. In contrast, MDPU-1.02-g-PMMAprepared at identical condition, indicates an encapsulated polymethylmethacrylate chain within the MDPU-polymer matrix. The results showed that Ximeniaamericana seed oil was an effective precursorfor polyurethane-graft-polymethylmethacrylate copolymers with physico-mechanical properties characterized by structural orientation of the base polyurethane matrix and polymerization initiation time.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Cucumeropsis Manni (Melon) Oil and Its Effect on Organs to Body Weight Ratio
Authors: Omozuwa O. P. , Ukhun M. E. , Igbashio M. D.
Published: August 2024

It has been earlier reported that Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and minerals and cholesterol-free, and has a lot of medicinal and nutritional benefits. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Cucumeropsis manni (Melon) oil and its effect on organs to body weight ratio of male albino rats using various standard methods. The results revealed that Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil possesses antioxidant potential and did not cause any change in the internal organ weight, suggesting that the consumption of C. mannii seed oil is safe and will also prevent cellular damage.
Physiochemical Properties of Soil from Waste Dumpsites within Choba, Alakahia and Rumuosi Communities in Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Amadi N. , Yabrade M. , Nsan-Nicholas O. H. , Gbosidom V. L.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of soil from solid waste dumpsites within Choba, Alakahia and Rumuosi in Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria using a standard analytical methods. Date obtained show that the values of pH; Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g); Phosphorus (mg/kg); Potassium (mg/kg) and Nitrogen (%) were 6.5; 2.8; 1.6; and 0.4 in Choba; 6.7; 2.4; 2.5; 9 and 0.48 in Alakahia, 8.2; 1.9; 3.4; 31.0 and 0.7 in Rumuosi respectively. Furthermore; Results showed that there was an increase in the pH, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen content value at each dumpsite than their corresponding control. Potassium level was higher at Rumuosi dumpsites than other sites. The mean soil porosity indicated higher porosity in the control sites (0.2 ±0.001 – 0.32 ±0.0012). The soil particle size distribution indicated an average of 82% sand, 8.2% clay and 3% silt for dumpsite and 75% sand, 8.5% clay and 5% silt for control site. Indeed, based on the study findings, it can be concluded that solid waste dumps alter the soil nutrient contents with no-impact on the physical characteristics of the soil, such as its particle size distribution and texture. Therefore, continued monitoring and management of solid waste dumps are necessary to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of soils and surrounding ecosystems.
Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in European Hake Fish (Merluccius merluccius) smoked by Mangrove Wood and Timber Wood
Authors: Owoh A. A. , Green A. F. , Agwor M. O. , Friday O. V.
Published: August 2024

Wood is a classic choice for smoking meat and fish because it has a strong, smoky flavour that can add depth and richness to the meat or fish if smoked sparingly, however, smoking fish could transfer such a strong flavour that can easily overpower the delicate taste of fish and also impact the fish with various volatile organic substances. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in European hake fish (Merluccius merluccius) smoked by mangrove wood and timber wood using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The results of our study showed that Hake fish smoked with timber wood and Mangrove wood contains naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine, Phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo (a,h)anthracene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene and benzo(ghi)pyrene While there were variations in the levels of PAHs in hake fish smoked with different types of wood, many of these differences were not statistically significant. However, some specific PAHs showed significant variations, which could have implications for food safety and health considerations. Overall, the PAHs levels in fish smoked with timber wood (4.77±4.18) were significantly higher than those of Mangrove wood (3.515±0.64). The study shows that using both timber and mangrove wood for smoking hake fish may lead to higher levels of Carcinogenic PAHs compared to non-carcinogenic PAHs, raising concerns about the health implications for consumers. The study indicated that the levels of Carcinogenic PAHs exceeded permissible limits, emphasizing the potential health risks associated with consuming smoked hake fish. While more research is needed in this area, these findings provide a basis for making informed decisions that can reduce the health risks associated with the consumption of smoked fish products.
Factors Influencing Poultry Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Insurance in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Udoh E. D. , Vihi S. K. , Makwin F. M. , Dalla A. A. , Selzing P. M. , Mbah J. J.
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed factors influencing poultry farmers’ participation in agricultural insurance in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria using 136 poultry farmers in a multistage sampling strategy to choose respondents. Questionnaire administration and interview schedule were used to gather primary data. The study's findings indicate that 67% of the poultry farmers were men, with an average age of 43 years. Ninety (93) percent were married, with an average household size of five people. The survey also revealed that the mean stock size of the farmers was 1795 birds, 9 years of mean farming experience, and 50% of the farmers had postsecondary education. The results also indicate that 71% of respondents did not contact extension services, and 73% did not hold membership in any farmer's associations. The results also indicate that 79% of respondents had no access to loans for their farming business. Regarding knowledge of and participation in agricultural insurance programmes, 70% of respondents were aware that such programmes existed. However, only 31% of farmers took advantage by participating in the insurance scheme. According to the results of the logit regression, farmers' participation in agricultural insurance was found to be significantly influenced by age (-.0538), sex (-.7837), availability to credit (1.2366), and association membership (-1.2068). Among the difficulties poultry farmers encounter while attempting to enroll in agricultural insurance include; rigorous procedure in indemnity payment (79%), high cost of premium (74%), delay in assessment of losses (70.5), inadequate knowledge of insurance (40%), disbelieve in insurance companies (29%) and low compensation (26%). The study suggested that insurance schemes should ensure payment of indemnity (compensation) in a timely and efficient manner. In doing so, it will increase the trust and confidence of farmers who are unsure about the insurance plan.
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okro), Amaranthus cruentus (Spinach), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Cabbage Vegetables from Agricultural Area of Boronji Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Micah M. M. , Peace Z. , Usaku R. , Onyebuchi P. U.
Published: August 2024

Although green leafy vegetables are a great source of micronutrients, they can also often include harmful heavy metals and pesticides. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Amaranthus cruentus (Spinach), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Cabbage vegetable samples from Agricultural Area of Boronji Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. Result show that the detected heavy metals include Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu whereas pesticide residues include Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos Lambda.-Cyhalothrin and Imdacloprid. The concentration of Cd 0.62mg/kg, 0.47mg/kg, 0.56mg/kg and 1.93mg/kg in spinach, Roselle, okra and Cabbage. Pb 0.60mg/kg, 0.35mg/kg and 0.32mg/kg in spinach, Roselle, and okra and pesticide residues in Dimethoate in cabbage 0.202mg/kg and Lambda.-Cyhalothrin 0.067mg/kg and Chlorpyrifos 0.195mg/kg in okra were found to be above the establish  permissible limit. Pesticide residues and heavy metal levels fluctuated, showing distinct patterns even though they were mostly below the established maximum permissible limit. These heavy metals and pesticide residues can be harmful to human health, especially if consumed in excess. They can come from both naturally occurring and man-made sources.
Current and future impacts of climate change in eye and vision health
Authors: Osigwe Obialo Iwunze
Published: August 2024

No Abstract