bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping research activities and societal impact by taxonomy of indicators: uniformity and diversity across academic fields
Authors: Lykke Marianne , Amstrup Louise , Hvidtfeldt Rolf , Pedersen David Budtz
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Several frameworks have been developed to map and document scientific societal interaction and impact, each reflecting the specific forms of impact and interaction that characterize different academic fields. The ReAct taxonomy was developed to register data about “productive interactions” and provide an overview of research activities within the social sciences and humanities (SSH). The purpose of the present research is to examine whether the SSH-oriented taxonomy is relevant to the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines when clarifying societal interactions and impact, and whether the taxonomy adds value to the traditional STEM impact indicators such as citation scores and H-index.

Design/methodology/approach

The research question was investigated through qualitative interviews with nine STEM researchers. During the interviews, the ReAct taxonomy and visual research profiles based on the ReAct categories were used to encourage and ensure in-depth discussions. The visual research profiles were based on publicly available material on the research activities of the interviewees.

Findings

The study provided an insight into how STEM researchers assessed the importance of mapping societal interactions as a background for describing research impact, including which indicators are useful for expressing societal relevance and impact. With regard to the differences between STEM and SSH, the study identified a high degree of cohesion and uniformity in the importance of indicators. Differences were more closely related to the purpose of mapping and impact assessment than between scientific fields. The importance of amalgamation and synergy between academic and societal activities was also emphasised and clarified.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the importance of mapping societal activities and impact, and that societal indicators should be seen as inspiring guidelines depending on purpose and use. A significant contribution is the identification of both uniformity and diversity between the main fields of SSH and STEM, as well as the connection between the choice of indicators and the purpose of mapping, e.g. for impact measurement, profiling, or career development.

Originality/value

The work sheds light on STEM researchers' views on research mapping, visualisation and impact assessment, including similarities and differences between STEM and SSH research.
Functionality and usability features of ubiquitous mobile technologies: the acceptance of interactive travel apps
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony , Troise Ciro , Kozak Metin
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Customers are increasingly using mobile applications (apps) to compare prices of travel and hospitality services and to purchase their itineraries, tours and stays. This study aims to explore key factors affecting the individuals’ perceptions on the usefulness of travel apps and sheds light on the causal paths predicting the individuals’ dispositions to use them.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data was gathered from 1,320 research participants, who were members of popular social media groups. They were analyzed through a composite-based partial least squares approach.

Findings

The results confirm that information quality, source credibility and the functionality of travel apps are significantly affecting the individuals’ perceptions about their usefulness as well as their intentions to continue using them in future. They also indicate that there are highly significant indirect effects within the information technology adoption model.

Research limitations/implications

This study integrates the information quality and source credibility factors from the information adoption model (IAM) with a functionality construct that was drawn from electronic service quality. This study examines their effects on the technology acceptance model (TAM)’s perceived usefulness and behavioral intentions.

Practical implications

This research implies that there is scope for the travel service providers to enhance the quality and functionality of their mobile apps to improve their consumers’ perceptions about the utilitarian value of these ubiquitous technologies.

Originality/value

This contribution raises awareness on the importance of incorporating a functionality construct in addition to IAM and/or TAM “usability” factors to better understand the individuals’ dispositions to avail themselves of online content and/or to adopt interactive innovations. In this case, it implies that certain functionality features of travel apps, including their responsiveness and technical capabilities, can trigger users to increase their engagement with these mobile technologies on a habitual basis.
Perceptions about Corporate Ethical Behaviour in the Founders’ Country of Origin and Ventures’ Admission into Impact‐Oriented Accelerator Programmes: Cross‐Country Evidence
Authors: Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Papadimitri Panagiota , Pasiouras Fotios , Tasiou Menelaos
Published: January 2023

Building on the upper echelon and signalling theories, we hypothesize that perceptions about the corporate ethical behaviour in the country of origin of a venture's founders may provide an important piece of information to the selection committees of impact‐oriented accelerator programmes that serves as a signal for the trustworthiness and opportunistic behaviour of the founding team. In turn, this could have implications for the decision regarding admission into a programme. Using a sample of over 16,000 early‐stage ventures from 131 countries that applied to 287 accelerator programmes, we find evidence consistent with this hypothesis. Our results show that better perceptions about the ethical behaviour of the founding team enhance the likelihood of admission into an impact‐oriented accelerator programme. The role of perceived ethics appears to be stronger in the case of programmes that guarantee some kind of financing. Further analysis shows that the strength of both formal and informal institutions moderates the relationship between the ethical perceptions and the admission likelihood.
Characterizing the effect of sodium reduction and monosodium glutamate supplementation on white and multigrain breads
Authors: Dunteman Aubrey N. , Lee Soo‐Yeun
Published: January 2023

Sodium overconsumption has become a serious health concern resulting in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishing voluntary sodium reduction guidelines for a wide spectrum of packaged and processed foods. Reducing sodium through the removal of salt may decrease the palatability of foods, thus increasing the need for new approaches to prevent such palatability loss. The objective of this research was to characterize white and multigrain breads with either 43% or 60% reduction in sodium and with and without monosodium glutamate (MSG) using descriptive analysis methodology as well as to identify the drivers of liking for white and multigrain breads of varying sodium contents with and without MSG. Significant differences were identified in the attributes of salty taste and aftertaste, savory aftertaste, and chewy and firm textures in white bread and of salty taste and aftertaste, sweet taste, and density in multigrain bread. By regressing consumer test data of these breads onto their principal component analysis biplots, textural attributes and salty taste and aftertaste were identified as primary drivers of liking in white and multigrain breads. Flavor enhancers such as MSG show promise in mitigating palatability loss that occurs when the sodium content of bread is greatly reduced and thus provide a promising solution to produce breads with an improved nutritional profile. Future research on flavor enhancement in other food matrices would be valuable as well as in other bread and carbohydrate‐based food categories.

Practical Application

The findings of our study suggest that texture and a salty taste and aftertaste drive consumer liking of reduced‐sodium white and multigrain breads and liking of breads could be improved with the addition of monosodium glutamate. Increasing the acceptance of reduced‐sodium food products could help to improve the health of the American population by resulting in a reduced risk of hypertension and subsequently heart attacks and stroke.
Application of artificial intelligence in the endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Luo Qi , Yang Hang , Hu Bing
Published: January 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Currently, endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer (EGC) and CAG remains challenging for endoscopists, and the diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori infection by endoscopy is approximately 70%. Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist endoscopic diagnosis including detection, prediction of depth of invasion, boundary delineation, and anatomical location of EGC, and has achievable diagnostic ability even comparable to experienced endoscopists. In this review we summarized various AI‐assisted systems in the diagnosis of EGC, CAG, and H. pylori infection.
Exhumation and Preservation of the Jinchuan Ni‐Cu‐PGE Deposit under the East Longshou Mountain Thermal Evolution, Revealed by Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology
Authors: LEI Xianghe , YU Qiang , JIAO Jiangang , LIU Jian , SUN Xianyao , HE Lijuan , YANG Qike
Published: January 2023

Uplift and exhumation are important factors affecting the preservation of deposits. The anatomy of uplift‐cooling evolution and exhumation in the East Longshou Mountain is of significant research value in understanding changes in the Jinchuan Ni‐Cu‐PGE deposit since its formation. This study uses apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology to reconstruct the thermal history of the East Longshou Mountain, including the Jinchuan mine, revealing the uplift and exhumation history of the East Longshou Mountain and elucidating the preservation status of the Jinchuan deposit. The AFT ages in the East Longshou Mountain are distributed from 62.3 ± 3.0 Ma to 214.7 ± 14 Ma, with significant differences in ages in distinct areas, the central and pooled ages being consistent within the margin of error. Inverse thermal history models reveal two rapid cooling events associated with exhumation from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (200–100 Ma) and since the Miocene (15–0 Ma), the former attributable to the far‐afield response to the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean and plate assembly at the southern margin of Eurasia, the latter associated with the initial India‐Eurasia plate collision. A slow cooling event from the Early Cretaceous to the Miocene (100–15 Ma) is thought to be related to the arid environment in northwest China since the Cretaceous. These cooling events have diverse responses and cooling rates in different blocks of the East Longshou Mountain: the southwest and centre of which are mainly cooled over 200–120 Ma and 120–0 Ma, with cooling rates of ~0.25 and ~0.33 °C/Ma (~1.25 and ~0.33 °C/Ma in the centre); the Jinchuan mine primarily cooled over 160–100 Ma, 100–15 Ma and 15–0 Ma, with cooling rates of ~1.33, ~0.25 and ~2.00 °C/Ma. These differentiated coolings imply that the uplift of the East Longshou Mountain before the Miocene (~15 Ma) was integral. Strong uplift then occurred in the vicinity of the mining area, which is a critical period for the uplift of the Jinchuan deposit to the surface, meaning that the Jinchuan deposit was exposed no earlier than the Miocene (~15 Ma). Based on mineralization depth information obtained by previous researchers, in conjunction with the calculation and simulation results of this study, it can be seen that the bulk of the Jinchuan intrusion may still be preserved at depth.
The variant senescence‐associated secretory phenotype induced by centrosome amplification constitutes a pathway that activates hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α
Authors: Wu Selwin K. , Ariffin Juliana , Tay Shu Chian , Picone Remigio
Published: January 2023

The senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can promote paracrine invasion while suppressing tumour growth, thus generating complex phenotypic outcomes. Likewise, centrosome amplification can induce proliferation arrest yet also facilitate tumour invasion. However, the eventual fate of cells with centrosome amplification remains elusive. Here, we report that centrosome amplification induces a variant of SASP, which constitutes a pathway activating paracrine invasion. The centrosome amplification‐induced SASP is non‐canonical as it lacks the archetypal detectable DNA damage and prominent NF‐κB activation, but involves Rac activation and production of reactive oxygen species. Consequently, it induces hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and associated genes, including pro‐migratory factors such as ANGPTL4. Of note, cellular senescence can either induce tumourigenesis through paracrine signalling or conversely suppress tumourigenesis through p53 induction. By analogy, centrosome amplification‐induced SASP may therefore be one reason why extra centrosomes promote malignancy in some experimental models but are neutral in others.
Economic impact of giving land to refugees
Authors: Zhu Heng , Gupta Anubhab , Filipski Mateusz , Valli Jaakko , Gonzalez‐Estrada Ernesto , Taylor J. Edward
Published: January 2023

This paper adds to a sparse but growing literature on the economic costs and benefits of hosting refugees, including a unique policy of providing refugees with access to cultivable land. We construct a general equilibrium model from microsurvey data to simulate the spillover effects of giving land to refugees on income and production in the host‐country economy surrounding a refugee settlement in Uganda. Reduced‐form econometric analysis of land allocations at the refugee settlement, robust to several specifications, confirms the simulation finding that providing refugees with agricultural land significantly improves their welfare and self‐reliance. Simulations reveal that refugee aid and land allocations generate positive income spillovers in the local economy out to a 15‐km radius around the refugee settlement. Host‐country households benefit significantly from the income spillovers that refugee assistance creates, and host‐country agriculture is the largest beneficiary among production sectors.
Does circadian dysrhythmia drive the switch into high‐ or low‐activation states in bipolar I disorder?
Authors: Hickie Ian B. , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Carpenter Joanne S. , Iorfino Frank , Scott Elizabeth M. , Scott Jan , Crouse Jacob J.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Emerging evidence suggests a role of circadian dysrhythmia in the switch between “activation” states (i.e., objective motor activity and subjective energy) in bipolar I disorder.

Methods

We examined the evidence with respect to four relevant questions: (1) Are natural or environmental exposures that can disrupt circadian rhythms also related to the switch into high‐/low‐activation states? (2) Are circadian dysrhythmias (e.g., altered rest/activity rhythms) associated with the switch into activation states in bipolar disorder? (3) Do interventions that affect the circadian system also affect activation states? (4) Are associations between circadian dysrhythmias and activation states influenced by other “third” factors?

Results

Factors that naturally or experimentally alter circadian rhythms (e.g., light exposure) have been shown to relate to activation states; however future studies need to measure circadian rhythms contemporaneously with these natural/experimental factors. Actigraphic measures of circadian dysrhythmias are associated prospectively with the switch into high‐ or low‐activation states, and more studies are needed to establish the most relevant prognostic actigraphy metrics in bipolar disorder. Interventions that can affect the circadian system (e.g., light therapy, lithium) can also reduce the switch into high‐/low‐activation states. Whether circadian rhythms mediate these clinical effects is an unknown but valuable question. The influence of age, sex, and other confounders on these associations needs to be better characterised.

Conclusion

Based on the reviewed evidence, our view is that circadian dysrhythmia is a plausible driver of transitions into high‐ and low‐activation states and deserves prioritisation in research in bipolar disorders.
Mitigating the effects of climate change on the nests of sea turtles with artificial irrigation
Authors: Gatto Christopher R. , Williamson Sean A. , Reina Richard D.
Published: January 2023

For sea turtles, like many oviparous species, increasing temperatures during development threaten to increase embryonic mortality, alter offspring quality, and potentially create suboptimal primary sex ratios. Various methods are being implemented to mitigate the effects of climate change on reproductive success, but these methods, such as breeding programs, translocations, and shading, are often invasive and expensive. Irrigation is an alternative strategy for cooling nests that, depending on location, can be implemented relatively quickly and cheaply. However, multiple factors, including ambient conditions, nest substrate, and species characteristics, can influence irrigation success. Additionally, irrigation can vary in duration, frequency, and the volume of water applied to nests, which influences the cooling achieved and embryonic survival. Thus, it is critical to understand how to maximize cooling and manage risks before implementing irrigation as a nest‐cooling strategy. We reviewed the literature on nest irrigation to examine whether artificial irrigation is feasible as a population management tool. Key factors that affected cooling were the volume of water applied and the frequency of applications. Embryonic responses varied with species, ambient conditions, and the timing of irrigation during development. Nest inundation was the key risk to a successful irrigation regime. Future irrigation regimes must identify clear targets, either primary or adult sex ratios, that maximize population viability. Monitoring population responses and adjusting the irrigation regime in response to population characteristics will be critical. Most studies reported on the manipulation of only one or two variables, further research is required to understand how altering multiple factors in an irrigation regime influences the cooling achieved and embryonic responses.
Forecast‐based action for conservation
Authors: Boult Victoria L.
Published: January 2023

Extreme weather events pose an immediate threat to biodiversity, but existing conservation strategies have limitations. Advances in meteorological forecasting and innovation in the humanitarian sector provide a possible solution—forecast‐based action (FbA). The growth of ecological forecasting demonstrates the huge potential to anticipate conservation outcomes, but a lack of operational examples suggests a new approach is needed to translate forecasts into action. FbA provides such a framework, formalizing the use of meteorological forecasts to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of extreme weather. Based on experience from the humanitarian sector, I suggest how FbA could work in conservation, demonstrating key concepts using the theoretical example of heatwave impacts on sea turtle embryo mortality, and address likely challenges in realizing FbA for conservation, including establishing a financing mechanism, allocating funds to actions, and decision‐making under uncertainty. FbA will demand changes in conservation research, practice, and governance. Researchers must increase efforts to understand the impacts of extreme weather at more immediate and actionable timescales and should coproduce forecasts of such impacts with practitioners. International conservation funders should establish systems to fund anticipatory actions based on uncertain forecasts.
The 'Pelvic exenteration lexicon’: Creating a common language for complex pelvic cancer surgery
Authors: Burns E. M. , Quyn A. ,   the Lexicon Collaboration of UKPEN and the ACPGBI Advanced Cancer subcommittee
Published: January 2023

Aim

Pelvic exenteration surgery is an umbrella term for a multitude of operative techniques for locally advanced and recurrent pelvic malignancy. Currently, there is heterogeneity in the operative description that limits the interpretation of patient outcome and collaboration between units through standardized data collection. Our study aims to develop a consensus lexicon to describe the operative components of extended and exenteration pelvic surgery.

Method

This study adopted a mixed‐methods approach using semi‐structured interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and validation exercises involving pelvic exenteration experts from centres in the UK. Qualitative data were collected, and descriptive statistics are presented.

Results

We identified eight headings with 32 subheadings that encompass all components of the extent of the potential surgery. The lexicon was validated by 15 UK specialists. A ‘high‐complexity pelvic exenteration’ was defined as encompassing ‘conventional pelvic exenteration’ with the extension of surgery to remove bony structures or the structures in the pelvic sidewall. Pelvic sidewall structures include major vessels, sciatic nerves and/or bone. Bony structures include the sacrum and/or pubic bones.

Conclusion

This pelvic exenteration lexicon will permit classification of the surgical approach used that will improve data synthesis, allow more accurate activity recording for audit and ultimately improved outcomes for patients.
National Concentration of High‐tech Products: The Second Great Divergence?
Authors: Lu Bing , Ju Jiandong , Yu Xinding
Published: January 2023

Based on the product‐country level trade data from 2004 to 2017, as well as the High‐Tech Products Catalog from the US Census Bureau, this paper examines empirically the current phenomenon of “national concentration” in high‐tech exports. The results show that the phenomenon of “national concentration” not only exists but also tends to be self‐reinforcing. Compared with other products, the exports of high‐tech products tend to be concentrated in certain countries, and this concentration trends were further strengthened after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. The national concentration of R&D activities may be one of the important causes of the national concentration of high‐tech products. This pattern remains robust when we further use the value‐added export data and different definitions of high‐tech products. We argue that the phenomenon of “national concentration” of high‐tech exports may herald the arrival of the “Second Great Divergence” – the divergence between innovative and manufacturing activities – in the global economy.
Willful Hermeneutical Ignorance and the “Critical Race Theory” Controversy
Authors: Applebaum Barbara
Published: January 2023

In this article, Barbara Applebaum examines “the inability to disagree claim” as it arises in objections made by those who want to ban “critical race theory” from being taught in schools and universities. Employing insights from the recent scholarship around willful hermeneutical ignorance, she discerns the important role that marginalized conceptual resources play in conditions of just and constructive dialogue. When such resources are misinterpreted and denied uptake, the resulting harm impedes the epistemic agency of marginally situated knowers. Applebaum claims that many high‐profile anti–“critical race theory” arguments put forth by politicians, scholars, and others are a form of willful hermeneutical ignorance, and she concludes by showing how more just communications, in which disagreement is distinguishable from dismissal, can be achieved.
Variables that enhance the development of resilience in young gay people affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lorabi Souhib , Sánchez‐Teruel David , Robles‐Bello María Auxiliadora , Ruiz‐García Antonio
Published: January 2023

Aims

Sexual and gender minorities are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety caused by COVID‐19. However, they also have specific variables that have been little studied but which may protect them from this adverse situation. The aim of this study was to find out whether there were differences in socio‐demographic and psychosocial variables in two groups of Spanish gay young people (high and low resilience), and predictors of risk and protective factors were examined.

Methods

Nine hundred and seventy‐nine young homosexuals (389; 39.73% self‐reported as women) aged between 18 and 26 years old who experienced mandatory confinement due to COVID‐19, completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Hope, perceived self‐efficacy, reappraisal index, coping humour, anxiety, depression were assessed along with socio‐demographic information. Data were collected between 15 and 26 April 2020.

Results

Socio‐demographic variables that were predictive of highly resilient behaviour included being between 24 and 26 years old, living with LGBTI+ peers and living in big cities, protective psychosocial variables included reframing in reappraising the confinement situation, humour as coping, social support from significant others and self‐efficacy.

Conclusion

This is one of the first studies on this subject of compulsory COVID‐19 confinement on young homosexuals in Spain. Mental health professionals and organizations should also include work on psychosocial protective factors, not just risk factors, to enhance resilient outcomes in this group.
Transnational halal networks: INHART and the Islamic cultural economy in Malaysia and beyond
Authors: Nisa Eva F.
Published: January 2023

The concern for piety among contemporary middle‐class Muslims has led to efforts to establish a halal (permissible according to Islamic principles) economy. This can be seen in the thriving Islamic cultural economy in Malaysia, which refers to the links between Islamic culture and economic practices. Malaysia tops the Global Islamic Economy indicator, which serves as the dominant framework for evaluating and measuring the global halal economy. This was achieved through various initiatives, such as establishing research centres, of which the International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) is among the most prominent. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and digital ethnography, this article focuses on INHART initiatives for building transnational halal networks. This article aims to explore how halal interpretations and practices travel across borders. I argue that halal research centres, such as INHART, signify both the decentring and centring of power transnationally and economically in terms of the global flow of halal knowledge and practices.
Diagnostic comparison of electrical impedance spectroscopy with colposcopy and HPV mRNA‐testing in the prediction of CIN2+ women in Greece
Authors: Tsampazis Nikolaos , Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Siarkou Chrysoula Margioula , Siarkou Georgia Margioula , Pratilas Georgios C. , Symeonidou Marianthi , Intzes Stergios , Petousis Stamatios , Papanikolaou Alexios , Dinas Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

Aim

To compare the diagnostic parameters of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) via ZedScan, a device that measures spectra to differentiate between normal and abnormal cervical tissues, when used as an adjunct to colposcopies in the diagnosis of HSILs/CIN2+ in Greek women with abnormal referral cytology toward colposcopy alone and HPV mRNA‐testing.

Methods

This study analyzed 86 women, patients of the Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Clinic of 2nd Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki at Hippokration General Hospital, between January 2022 and September 2022. During the visits, women were subjected to cytology, colposcopy alone and then with EIS/ZedScan and histological sampling.

Results

Common use of colposcopies and EIS/ZedScan allowed detecting an additional 14 cases of CIN2+ (16.2%) that colposcopy alone failed to report. EIS enhanced the sensitivity of colposcopy from 80.65% to 100% equal with that of HPV‐mRNA test while retaining a high specificity (94.74%) which is much higher than specificity of HPV mRNA‐testing (65.45%). EIS‐assisted colposcopy had the highest value combination of positive and negative predictive values (96.15% and 100%) compared to colposcopy alone (100% and 75%) and HPV mRNA‐testing (72.46% and 100%).

Conclusions

Colposcopies performed with EIS/ZedScan demonstrated effectiveness in the diagnosing of CIN2+ leading to a significant increase in the number of CIN2+ that would have been missed if only colposcopy was applied especially in women with LSIL referral cytology. EIS/ZedScan seems to possess the ideal diagnostic threshold for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for CIN2+ compared to colposcopy alone and HPV mRNA‐testing.
Prognostic markers for oral cancer: An overview of the current status and directions for future research
Authors: de Oliveira Lilianny Querino Rocha , Almangush Alhadi , Al‐Samadi Ahmed , Salo Tuula , Coletta Ricardo D.
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, the search for biomarkers for response to therapy and prognosis, with potential of providing information about the likely course and outcome of disease, has been intense in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Although several biomarkers, ranging from genetic and molecular alterations to clinical and histopathological features, have been described, only a few of them are used in routine practice. The aim of this review is to outline the recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinomas biomarkers, exploring those related to clinical and histopathological features, cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. Future directions, highlighting the main issues that limit the clinical application of many of the potential biomarkers, are discussed.
Water quality patterns, trends and variability over 17+ years in Phewa Lake, Nepal
Authors: Husen Md. Akbal , Storey Richard G. , Gurung Tek Bahadur
Published: January 2023

Phewa Lake, Nepal's second largest lake, has been the subject of many short‐term water quality studies in the past, although the results of such studies have not been consistent. Long‐term monitoring data can distinguish typical seasonal dynamics from atypical occurrences. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to describe typical seasonal patterns and quantify variability, detect long‐term trends and provide reliable baseline data for future trend detection. The present study provides 17 years of monthly water quality data (1993–2010) and occasional data to 2018 from the 0.5 to 10 m depth at one sampling site. Phewa Lake experiences a subtropical monsoonal climate, typically being stratified from March to September, although heavy rainfalls disrupted stratification. Bottom‐water anoxia, occurring typically between April and June, was associated with increased ammonium concentrations, but not with increased dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations. The observed nutrient and chlorophyll‐a concentrations were generally typical of an oligo‐ to mesotrophic lake. The water clarity was lowest in the autumn and winter, being associated with high phytoplankton biomass, as well as during the summer, the latter likely attributable to suspended silt in the water. Lake surface waters warmed by 1.1–1.8°C during 1993–2018. Water clarity data suggested slight eutrophication from 1993 to 2018, although no increased nutrient or chlorophyll‐a concentrations was detected up to 2010. The water clarity data gave no evidence of a long‐term increase in the suspended sediment concentrations. All studied water quality variables exhibited high variability within and between years. The results of the present study provide a baseline for the detection of future water quality trends. The data confirm some previous research findings, while at the same time indicating long‐term regular monitoring is needed to accurately characterize Phewa Lake's limnology and to detect long‐term trends. Correct trend detection and proper understanding of the lake limnology are essential for proper management of Phewa Lake and other subtropical lakes. The present study represents one of only a few studies that examine water quality and other seasonality variables in subtropical lakes over multiple years.
Health status and Healthcare Access of Southeast Asian refugees in the United States: An integrative review
Authors: Bang So Hyeon , Huang Ya‐Ching , Kuo Hsuan‐Ju , Cho Emma S. , García Alexandra A.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Since 2010, more than 527,000 refugees have resettled in the United States (US), most from Asia, fleeing war, violence, and persecution. However, there is little research that integrates findings about health among Southeast Asian refugees (SEAR).

Design

We conducted an integrative review of studies that examined health status, risk factors, and barriers to healthcare access among SEAR in the US. We synthesized findings of studies published from 1980, when the Refugee Act was enacted, to 2022 using five databases. We reviewed 20 articles and data were extracted into a table for synthesis.

Results

Participants were from Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Burma and the Thailand‐Myanmar border. Hypertension (12%–64%), hypercholesterolemia (37%–39%), diabetes (0.6%–27%), heart disease (7%), bone and muscle problems (23%–50%), and chronic pain (8%–51%) were most common physical health problems; and PTSD (45%–86%) and depression (20%–80%) were the most common mental health problems. Trauma, resettlement stress, lack of community or religious engagement were associated with mental health problems. Language differences, transportation, and lack of health insurance were the most significant obstacles to receiving healthcare.

Conclusion

SEAR experienced worse physical and mental health than the general US population. Different patterns of disease were identified depending on gender, time settled in the US, and ethnic group. Qualitative and longitudinal studies will elucidate refugees’ experience and should guide interventions.
Modeling economic impacts of mobility restriction policy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kajitani Yoshio , Yamano Norihiko , Chang Stephanie E.
Published: January 2023

The economic impacts of pandemics can be enormous. However, lockdown and human mobility restrictions are effective policies for containing the spread of the disease. This study proposes a framework for assessing the economic impact of varying degrees of movement restrictions and examines the effectiveness of this framework in a case study examining COVID‐19 control measures in Japan. First, mobile network operators data and total employment statistics on a 500‐meter grid scale are used to determine the status of mobility restrictions and impacts on consumption in 30 industrial sectors. Next, the economic impacts are assessed using a spatial computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, proven to yield valuable insights into the total economic impacts of natural disasters. In sectors that implement telework and e‐commerce—wholesale/retail, finance/insurance, and communication sectors—estimates of production and GDP are obtained that are close to the actual figures. The current case study is limited to Japan, but similar analysis can be conducted by using the CGE model for each country and open mobility data. Thus, the framework has potential to serve as an effective tool for assessing trade‐offs between infection risks and economic impacts to inform policy‐making by combining with findings from epidemiology.
Inside a sediment‐stressed Middle Devonian carpet reef: Cave exposes details of three‐dimensional facies architecture and palaeoecology
Authors: Unger Tanja , Saillol Matthieu , Aretz Markus , Lokier Stephen , Mueller Mathias , Karius Volker , Immenhauser Adrian
Published: January 2023

During the Middle Devonian, reef growth reached an acme, and corals and stromatoporoids colonized depositional niches commonly considered unfavourable for reefal organisms. This paper documents the detailed facies architecture and palaeoecology of a stratigraphically thin (ca12 m, ‘carpet reef’), lower Givetian reefal body exposed along the walls and ceilings of the labyrinthine passages in the Klutert Cave in western Germany. The cave exposures (ca26 000 m2of rock surface) and data from short cores, neighbouring caves and outcrops document the growth and demise of an autoparabiostrome. The reef forms part of a parasequence with a lower carbonate and an upper clastic unit, bounded by flooding surfaces. Despite the comparatively small study area (ca1 km2), the exceptional exposure quality reveals facies changes over relatively short distances both vertical and lateral. The sedimentary matrix of the reefal build‐up contains between 20 to 95 wt.‐% of clay and quartz of silt to sand fraction. Based on this observation, the corals and stromatoporoids thrived in murky waters and under sediment‐stressed conditions. Stromatoporoids, for example, display irregular ragged flanks, a feature that is in agreement with a sediment‐stressed environment. No evidence of reduced growth rates, decreased calcification rates, or lower numbers of species is found. In fact, coral diversity and density are highest within one of the two biostromal units that show peak clastic matrix values, indicating a remarkable adaptation of reef builders to sediment‐stressed conditions. The initial settlement of rugose phaceloid corals took place on a mixed clastic–carbonate substrate (the basal flooding surface). Up‐section, a succession of coral–stromatoporoids is present that is here described in great detail. Reef collapse occurred when much of the accommodation space was filled, and argillaceous sediments suffocated stromatoporoids and corals in a protected, low‐energy environment.
Interaction Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Nonlocomotive Physical Activity on the Risk of Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adult Japanese Women
Authors: Osugi Yu , Imai Aiko , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Kishigami Keiko , Higashida Kazuhiko , Sanada Kiyoshi
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between sarcopenic obesity and locomotive and nonlocomotive physical activity (PA) on the risk of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older Japanese women. Participants were 143 community-dwelling older women aged 64–94 years. PA was measured using a three-axis accelerometer. Participants were classified according to two levels of total, locomotive, and nonlocomotive PA. Depressive symptoms were assessed by a self-administered survey consisting of the 15-item Japanese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15-J). The interaction between sarcopenic obesity groups and total or locomotive PA did not affect GDS-15-J scores. However, the interaction between sarcopenic obesity groups and nonlocomotive PA significantly affected GDS-15-J scores (p < .05). Moreover, sarcopenic obesity in the low PA group had significantly higher GDS-15-J scores compared with sarcopenic obesity in the high PA group (p < .05). We concluded that sarcopenic obesity combined with low nonlocomotive PA may exacerbate depressive symptoms in older women.
Dying in the Sun: Direct evidence for elevated UV-B radiation at the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Liu Feng , Peng Huiping , Marshall John E. A. , Lomax Barry H. , Bomfleur Benjamin , Kent Matthew S. , Fraser Wesley T. , Jardine Phillip E.
Published: January 2023

Land plants can adjust the concentration of protective ultraviolet B (UV-B)–absorbing compounds (UACs) in the outer wall of their reproductive propagules in response to ambient UV-B flux. To infer changes in UV-B radiation flux at Earth’s surface during the end-Permian mass extinction, we analyze UAC abundances in ca. 800 pollen grains from an independently dated Permian-Triassic boundary section in Tibet. Our data reveal an excursion in UACs that coincide with a spike in mercury concentration and a negative carbon-isotope excursion in the latest Permian deposits, suggesting a close temporal link between large-scale volcanic eruptions, global carbon and mercury cycle perturbations, and ozone layer disruption. Because enhanced UV-B radiation can exacerbate the environmental deterioration induced by massive magmatism, ozone depletion is considered a compelling ecological driver for the terrestrial mass extinction.
Combinatorial characterizations and impossibilities for higher-order homophily
Authors: Veldt Nate , Benson Austin R. , Kleinberg Jon
Published: January 2023

Homophily is the seemingly ubiquitous tendency for people to connect and interact with other individuals who are similar to them. This is a well-documented principle and is fundamental for how society organizes. Although many social interactions occur in groups, homophily has traditionally been measured using a graph model, which only accounts for pairwise interactions involving two individuals. Here, we develop a framework using hypergraphs to quantify homophily from group interactions. This reveals natural patterns of group homophily that appear with gender in scientific collaboration and political affiliation in legislative bill cosponsorship and also reveals distinctive gender distributions in group photographs, all of which cannot be fully captured by pairwise measures. At the same time, we show that seemingly natural ways to define group homophily are combinatorially impossible. This reveals important pitfalls to avoid when defining and interpreting notions of group homophily, as higher-order homophily patterns are governed by combinatorial constraints that are independent of human behavior but are easily overlooked.
Adsorptive exchange of coccolith biominerals facilitates viral infection
Authors: Johns Christopher T. , Bondoc-Naumovitz Karen Grace , Matthews Alexandra , Matson Paul G. , Iglesias-Rodriguez M. Debora , Taylor Alison R. , Fuchs Heidi L. , Bidle Kay D.
Published: January 2023

Marine coccolithophores are globally distributed, unicellular phytoplankton that produce nanopatterned, calcite biominerals (coccoliths). These biominerals are synthesized internally, deposited into an extracellular coccosphere, and routinely released into the external medium, where they profoundly affect the global carbon cycle. The cellular costs and benefits of calcification remain unresolved. Here, we show observational and experimental evidence, supported by biophysical modeling, that free coccoliths are highly adsorptive biominerals that readily interact with cells to form chimeric coccospheres and with viruses to form “viroliths,” which facilitate infection. Adsorption to cells is mediated by organic matter associated with the coccolith base plate and varies with biomineral morphology. Biomineral hitchhiking increases host-virus encounters by nearly an order of magnitude and can be the dominant mode of infection under stormy conditions, fundamentally altering how we view biomineral-cell-virus interactions in the environment.
Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
Authors: Seymour Linda M. , Maragh Janille , Sabatini Paolo , Di Tommaso Michel , Weaver James C. , Masic Admir
Published: January 2023

Ancient Roman concretes have survived millennia, but mechanistic insights into their durability remain an enigma. Here, we use a multiscale correlative elemental and chemical mapping approach to investigating relict lime clasts, a ubiquitous and conspicuous mineral component associated with ancient Roman mortars. Together, these analyses provide new insights into mortar preparation methodologies and provide evidence that the Romans employed hot mixing, using quicklime in conjunction with, or instead of, slaked lime, to create an environment where high surface area aggregate-scale lime clasts are retained within the mortar matrix. Inspired by these findings, we propose that these macroscopic inclusions might serve as critical sources of reactive calcium for long-term pore and crack-filling or post-pozzolanic reactivity within the cementitious constructs. The subsequent development and testing of modern lime clast–containing cementitious mixtures demonstrate their self-healing potential, thus paving the way for the development of more durable, resilient, and sustainable concrete formulations.
Nonlinear coherent heat machines
Authors: Opatrný Tomáš , Bräuer Šimon , Kofman Abraham G. , Misra Avijit , Meher Nilakantha , Firstenberg Ofer , Poem Eilon , Kurizki Gershon
Published: January 2023

We propose heat machines that are nonlinear, coherent, and closed systems composed of few field (oscillator) modes. Their thermal-state input is transformed by nonlinear Kerr interactions into nonthermal (non-Gaussian) output with controlled quantum fluctuations and the capacity to deliver work in a chosen mode. These machines can provide an output with strongly reduced phase and amplitude uncertainty that may be useful for sensing or communications in the quantum domain. They are experimentally realizable in optomechanical cavities where photonic and phononic modes are coupled by a Josephson qubit or in cold gases where interactions between photons are transformed into dipole-dipole interacting Rydberg atom polaritons. This proposed approach is a step toward the bridging of quantum and classical coherent and thermodynamic descriptions.
Supplemental Material: In situ Raman observations reveal that the gas fluxes of diffuse flow in hydrothermal systems are greatly underestimated
Authors: Li Lianfu , Zhang Xin , al. et
Published: January 2023

Quantitative assessment method for gas volatile fluxes, Figures S1–S12, and Tables S1–S3. 
How to use lumbar puncture manometry in children
Authors: Holland Jonathon AA , Funnell Jonathan P , Mittal Rhea , Krishnakumar Deepa
Published: January 2023

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure through lumbar puncture (LP) manometry is an essential practical skill all paediatricians should possess competency in. The ability to perform manometry is crucial in the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and can provide critical information on raised (or lowered) intracranial pressure in other clinical scenarios. Practitioners should be familiar with the procedure and in particular with equipment available to them locally. In this article, we will describe an approach to LP manometry. The online supplemental material includes an instructional video as well as supporting practical information.
AngioVac system guided removal of vegetations from pacemaker lead-related infective endocarditis
Authors: Mahajan Pranav , Aedma Surya Kiran , Ally Saeed , Garg Anuj
Published: January 2023

The AngioVac aspiration system is a catheter-based technique that has been used for removal of unwanted intravascular material in growing numbers of institutions around the world since 2013. It provides an alternative and a less invasive approach for the treatment of venous thromboembolism and intrinsic or cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED)-related infective endocarditis. This system uses venous cannulas and extracorporeal filtering mechanisms to effectively remove thrombi or vegetations resulting in less invasion and minimal blood loss. We present a case of a woman in her mid-50s who underwent successful AngioVac-guided removal of lead vegetations followed by percutaneous CIED removal.
Pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy due to folate deficiency
Authors: Larkin Emily , Konkol Samuel , Geraghty Meghan
Published: January 2023

Classically, deficiencies of vitamin B12and folate are associated with megaloblastic anaemia. Additionally, vitamin B12is able to cause a haemolytic anaemia in the form of pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (pseudo-TMA). Here, we present a case of a middle-aged woman with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who presented with dyspnoea and fatigue and was found to have thrombocytopenia and a non-immune haemolytic anaemia. Work-up for haemolytic uraemic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, infection, malignancy and autoimmune conditions was unremarkable. Her haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia resolved with folate replenishment. She was diagnosed as likely having pseudo-TMA secondary to folate deficiency.