bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theories and Practices of Federalism in Deeply Divided Societies
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Levy Ron , Tushnet Mark
Published: January 2019

Federal systems are often compared based on their history or origins: Riker famously distinguished between ‘coming together’ and ‘holding together’ forms of federalism. Federal systems can also be viewed as serving a variety of potential purposes: they may help promote government closer to the people, greater democratic experimentation, forms of vertical as well as horizontal political accountability, and the accommodation of diversity.

This special issue of the Federal Law Review (‘FLR’), on ‘the theory and practice of federalism in deeply divided societies’, explores those federations that originate from ‘holding together’ rather than ‘coming together’ processes, and that are designed to respond to a range of ethnic, religious, racial and territorial cleavages. There is a growing comparative literature on constitution-making and practice in ‘divided societies’, which includes attention to federalism. But there is still important work to be done understanding when and how federalism succeeds in managing social and political conflict, and promoting peace, stability and democratic resilience, especially in the Asia-Pacific. This volume thus seeks to fill this gap—by encouraging a wide-ranging exploration of these issues and contributing to a global debate on constitutionalism and constitutional design.
Genotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy in laryngeal cancer cells – Anin vitrostudy
Authors: Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes Carlos , Henrique Godoi Bruno , Chaves Silva Carvalho Isabel , Cristina Pinto Jessica , Carvalho Rossato Rafaella , Soares da Silva Newton , Pacheco Soares Cristina
Published: January 2019

Photodynamic therapy provides the formation of reactive oxygen species that are capable of inducing cell death. Human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) cells have been evaluated in this study under PDT treatment. Cells were treated with photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) and irradiated with a Biopdi/Irrad-Led5 660 LED with 660 nm wavelength, intensity of delivered light of 25 mW/cm2, power of 70 mW, fluence of 5 J/cm2for 24 h and 48 h, and then evaluated. Cell population was not increased by PDT treatment after the tested period. The apoptosis assay demonstrated that control groups exhibit approximately 60% of living cells in the 24 h and 48 h periods, however. A significant increase in apoptotic cells was observed after the photodynamic therapy treatments, for both 24 and 48 h groups. Over 50% of cells were under apoptosis after photodynamic therapy, evidencing a death process generated from the oxidative damage of the treatment. Comet assay and micronucleus assessments, both of which evaluate genotoxicity, demonstrated favorable results to damages caused by the photodynamic therapy treatment. Thus, photodynamic therapy is proposed to damage nuclear cells and the subcellular structure of carcinogenic cells.

Impact statement

Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy grows as an alternative treatment for cancer, since it has a noninvasive characteristic and affinity to the tumor tissue. Accordingly, understanding the therapy’s foci of action is important for the technique improvement. This work aims to understand the genotoxic effect triggered by the therapy action, thus evidencing the permanent changes caused to the genetic material of the tumor cell after the treatment. Therefore, to increase the knowledge in this study field, the methodology of the comet assay and count of micronucleus formed after the therapy was adopted in order to understand if the damage caused to the DNA of tumor cell makes its replication process unfeasible in future generations. The study allows a better therapeutic approach to the cancer treatment, making the process of association between therapies a more effective option during the disease treatment.
Xtpdyn: A Community-Contributed Command for Fitting Dynamic Random-Effects Probit Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity
Authors: Grotti Raffaele , Cutuli Giorgio
Published: January 2019

Dynamic random-effects probit models are increasingly applied in many disciplines to study dynamics of persistence in dichotomous outcomes. Despite the increasing popularity of these models, an estimation command for them does not exist yet. In this article, we present the xtpdyn command, which implements the model as proposed by Rabe-Hesketh and Skrondal (2013, Economics Letters 120: 346–349). We also present probat, a postestimation command that provides estimates of transition rates and a set of associated statistics.
Effect of combination of lateral recess decompression by Tessys technique and PTED in patients suffering from contralateral symptoms of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wu Han , Li Ye , Sun Yifu
Published: January 2019

The aim was to explore the effect of lateral recess decompression by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spine system (Tessys) technique combined with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) on pain medium, nerve function and stress response in patients suffering from contralateral symptoms of lumbar disc herniation. A total of 96 patients with contralateral symptoms of lumbar disc herniation treated in our hospital from February 2015 to April 2017 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 48 cases in each group. The control group underwent PTED, and the study group underwent lateral recess decompression by Tessys technique combined with PTED. The visual analogue scale (VSA) score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before surgery and 3 months after surgery were compared between the two groups. The levels of serum pain medium (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine (HA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and oxidative stress indexes (malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) before surgery and 7 days after surgery were compared. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared at 1 month after treatment. One month after treatment, the excellent and good rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (85.4% vs 56.3%; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between VAS and JOA score in the two groups preoperatively ( P > 0.05). At 3 months after surgery, the VAS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.05), and the JOA score in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PGE2, HA and 5-HT levels between the two groups preoperatively ( P > 0.05). At 7 days after surgery, the serum PGE2, HA and 5-HT levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Preoperatively, the levels of serum MDA, MPO, SOD and TAC were not significantly different between the two groups ( P > 0.05). On the seventh day after surgery, the levels of serum MDA and MPO in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05), and the levels of SOD and TAC were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined therapy of lateral recess decompression by Tessys technique and PTED in patients suffering from contralateral symptoms of lumbar disc herniation has a definite clinical effect, which can significantly alleviate the symptoms of low back pain and motor nerve function and reduce the contents of serum pain medium and the levels of oxidative stress. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
Clonal
MET
Amplification as a Determinant of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lai Gillianne G.Y. , Lim Tse Hui , Lim John , Liew Perry J.R. , Kwang Xue Lin , Nahar Rahul , Aung Zaw Win , Takano Angela , Lee Yin Yeng , Lau Dawn P.X. , Tan Gek San , Tan Sze Huey , Tan Wan Ling , Ang Mei-Kim , Toh Chee Keong , Tan Bien Soo , Devanand Anantham , Too Chow Wei , Gogna Apoorva , Ong Boon Hean , Koh Tina P.T. , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Ng Quan Sing , Jain Amit , Rajasekaran Tanujaa , Yuan Ju , Lim Tony Kiat Hon , Lim Alvin S.T. , Hillmer Axel M. , Lim Wan Teck , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Tam Wai Leong , Zhai Weiwei , Tan Eng-Huat , Tan Daniel S.W.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

MET
activation has been implicated as an oncogenic driver in epidermal growth factor receptor (
EGFR
)–mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can mediate primary and secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). High copy number thresholds have been suggested to enrich for response to MET inhibitors. We examined the clinical relevance of
MET
copy number gain (CNG) in the setting of treatment-naive metastatic
EGFR
-mutant–positive NSCLC.

Patients and Methods

MET
fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in 200 consecutive patients identified as metastatic treatment-naïve
EGFR
-mutant–positive. We defined
MET
-high as CNG greater than or equal to 5, with an additional criterion of
MET
/centromeric portion of chromosome 7 ratiο greater than or equal to 2 for amplification. Time-to-treatment failure (TTF) to EGFR TKI in patients identified as
MET
-high and -low was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. Multiregion single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis was performed on 13 early-stage resected
EGFR
-mutant–positive NSCLC across 59 sectors to investigate intratumoral heterogeneity of
MET
CNG.

Results

Fifty-two (26%) of 200 patients in the metastatic cohort were
MET
-high at diagnosis; 46 (23%) had polysomy and six (3%) had amplification. Median TTF was 12.2 months (95% CI, 5.7 to 22.6 months) versus 13.1 months (95% CI, 10.6 to 15.0 months) for
MET
-high and -low, respectively (
P
= .566), with no significant difference in response rate regardless of copy number thresholds. Loss of
MET
was observed in three of six patients identified as
MET
-high who underwent postprogression biopsies, which is consistent with marked intratumoral heterogeneity in
MET
CNG observed in early-stage tumors. Suboptimal response (TTF, 1.0 to 6.4 months) to EGFR TKI was observed in patients with coexisting
MET
amplification (five [3.2%] of 154).

Conclusion

Although up to 26% of TKI-naïve
EGFR-
mutant–positive NSCLC harbor high
MET
CNG by fluorescence in situ hybridization, this did not significantly affect response to TKI, except in patients identified as
MET
-amplified. Our data underscore the limitations of adopting arbitrary copy number thresholds and the need for cross-assay validation to define therapeutically tractable
MET
pathway dysregulation in
EGFR
-mutant–positive NSCLC.
Gut microbiota affects development and olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Qiao Huili , Keesey Ian W. , Hansson Bill S. , Knaden Markus
Published: January 2019

It has been shown that gut microbes are very important for the behavior and development of Drosophila, as the beneficial microbes are involved in the identification of suitable feeding and oviposition places. However, in what way these associated gut microbes influence the fitness-related behaviors of Drosophila melanogaster remains unclear. Here we show that D. melanogaster exhibits different behavioral preferences towards gut microbes. Both adults and larvae were attracted by the headspace of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum, but were repelled by Acetobacter malorum in behavioral assays, indicating an olfactory mechanism involved in these preference behaviors. While the attraction to yeast was governed by olfactory sensory neurons expressing the odorant co-receptor Orco, the observed behaviors towards the other microbes still remained in flies lacking this co-receptor. By experimentally manipulating the microbiota of the flies, we found that flies did not strive for a diverse microbiome by e.g. increasing their preference towards gut microbes that they had not experienced previously. Instead, in some cases the flies even increased preference for the microbes they were reared on. Furthermore, exposing Drosophila larvae to all three microbes promoted Drosophila’s development while only exposure to S. cerevisiae and A. malorum resulted in the development of larger ovaries and in increased egg numbers the flies laid in an oviposition assay. Thus our study provides a better understanding of how gut microbes affect insect behavior and development, and offers an ecological rationale for preferences of flies for different microbes in their natural environment.
The challenge of clinical adoption—the insurmountable obstacle that will stop machine learning?
Authors: Taylor Jonathan , Fenner John
Published: January 2019

Machine learning promises much in the field of radiology, both in terms of software that can directly analyse patient data and algorithms that can automatically perform other processes in the reporting pipeline. However, clinical practice remains largely untouched by such technology. This article highlights what we consider to be the major obstacles to widespread clinical adoption of machine learning software, namely: representative data and evidence, regulations, health economics, heterogeneity of the clinical environment and support and promotion. We argue that these issues are currently so substantial that machine learning will struggle to find acceptance beyond the narrow group of applications where the potential benefits are readily evident. In order that machine learning can fulfil its potential in radiology, a radical new approach is needed, where significant resources are directed at reducing impediments to translation rather than always being focused solely on development of the technology itself.
Evaluating the Functional and Cognitive Examination for patients with acute acquired brain injury
Authors: Hussein Yasmin , Rose Mark , Gurr Birgit
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims:

The Functional and Cognitive Examination is a cross-battery neuropsychological baseline assessment. It was designed specifically for patients with acquired brain injury in the acute rehabilitation stage. This investigation focused on the utility of the Functional and Cognitive Examination to identify the association between the functional and cognitive performance of acquired brain injury patients and the construct validity of the battery.

Methods:

The Functional and Cognitive Examination is administered as a standard for all patients admitted to the inpatient neurological assessment and specialist rehabilitation unit. Forty two patients had been recruited over a two year period. Raw scores have been analysed and descriptive data is provided. Spearman's correlations were used to observe associations between functional and cognitive performance. The Functional and Cognitive Examination was also correlated against the Functional Assessment Measure and the Northwick Park Therapy Dependency Assessment.

Findings:

There was a positive association between lower performance on the Functional and Cognitive Examination cognitive component and the Functional and Cognitive Examination functional task. Similarly, lower scores on the Functional Assessment Measure had positive associations with performance on the Functional and Cognitive Examination functional task.

Conclusions:

The Functional and Cognitive Examination is a useful neuropsychological baseline assessment. It illustrates that cognitive and functional components are associated and the Functional and Cognitive Examination outcomes are associated with the Functional Assessment Measure.
A retrospective study on factors predictive of operative intervention in symptomatic accessory navicular
Authors: Knapik D. M. , Archibald H. D. , Xie K. K. , Liu R. W.
Published: January 2019

Purpose The variables causing symptomatic accessory navicular are largely unknown and may inform management of symptomatic patients. The purpose of this study was to examine patient specific factors associated with the development of accessory navicular symptoms. Methods A total of 71 patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of accessory navicular syndrome were evaluated. Patient gender, race, date of birth, date of earliest foot complaint and laterality were recorded. Treatment was defined as conservative versus surgical. Skeletal maturity was assessed based on calcaneal ossification, accessory navicular subtype and the presence of pes planus based on talo-first metatarsal angle were assessed. Results Female patients comprised 72% of the subjects and trended towards symptoms at younger ages than male patients (p = 0.06), while no significant difference in presentation age was appreciated between male and female patients. Skeletal maturity was significantly associated with earlier complaints and age at presentation but was not associated with increased need for surgical management. Patients with pes planus were significantly more likely to undergo operative management. Accessory navicular subtype was significantly correlated with skeletal maturity. Conclusion Female patients were more likely to report symptoms and present with symptomatic accessory navicular. The stage of skeletal maturity is not a predictor of future surgical management but patients with a higher first-metatarsal angle were more likely to require surgery. The correlation between accessory navicular subtype and skeletal maturity suggests that Type II ossicles are likely to develop into Type III over time. Radiographic evaluation of the accessory navicular may lend prognostic data on the necessity of future surgical intervention. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series
Genetic Resource of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata): Profile and Potential Production as Meat Producer
Authors: Tamsil Hasil
Published: January 2019

Muscovy duck is a type of waterfowl that has a relatively better growth and percentage compared to ducks. Duck meat has high-quality because of its low fat and savory flavor. Muscovy duck is relatively resistant to the disease and is able to use low-quality feed, but has the disadvantage of low egg production. The development of Muscovy duck as a producer of meat can be done through two approaches, namely the long-term and short-term. The long-term approach is carried out by selecting Muscovy duck which has high growth rate and high meet quality. The selection can be done in two ways, namely directly on the nature of growth and the quality of meat, and indirectly by choosing a marker of growth (morphology, biochemistry or diversity of DNA/ RNA). Short-term selection can be done by bringing in superior Muscovy duck from the outside to be developed by farmers and crossing male Muscovy duck with the layer Indian Runner ducks to produce Serati ducks.
Orchard Home: The Story of a Gracious Residence, and of the People Who Lived and Worked There
Authors: Hammond Joseph W.
Published: January 2019

This essay tells the story of Monmouth County’s Orchard Home, the Taylor family who built it, the historic farm on which it sits, and the lives of many individuals who have worked for the estate since the mid-nineteenth century. It also covers subsequent owners of this stately residence in the twentieth century and beyond.
Letter/s from a New Jersey Loyalist: Bernardus [Barnardus] LaGrange, England to the Rev. Abraham Beach, America, 1783-1792
Authors: Lurie Maxine
Published: January 2019

The document presented and transcribed here, which is archived at the Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries, is the first in a series of letters sent by New Jersey Loyalist Bernardus LaGrange (1721-1797) from England to his former minister, the Anglican Reverend Abraham Beach (1740-1828) of Christ Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey in America. The correspondence in this collection continues with later letters from LaGrange’s son to the minister in 1810/1811 showing that the ties were maintained for a long time.
Federalism in New Jersey: The Response to Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Schulte Robert
Published: January 2019

NJ Studies is pleased to present the teaching unit that won the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance (NJSAA) 2018 Teaching Award. Per NJSAA, Robert Schulte’s award “recognizes the innovative nature of this unit about federalism and the government response to the disaster of Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The lesson is intended for students at the high school level, but can easily be modified for the middle school as well. Also, teachers can substitute any natural disaster that might face New Jersey to replace the zombie scenario if they are so inclined.”
The Secret History of the Jersey Devil: How Quakers, Hucksters, and Benjamin Franklin Created a Monster
Authors: Bendler Bruce A.
Published: January 2019

Bruce A. Bendler reviewing The Secret History of the Jersey Devil: How Quakers, Hucksters, and Benjamin Franklin Created a Monster, by Brian Regal and Frank Esposito
Left Bank of the Hudson: Jersey City and the Artists of 111 1st Street
Authors: Rabig Julia
Published: January 2019

Julia Rabig's review of Left Bank of the Hudson: Jersey City and the Artists of 111 1st Street, by David J. Goodwin
75-lecie urodzin Profesora zwyczajnego Zygmunta Ruty
Authors: Gawlik Stanisław , Jakubiak Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

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Antoni Smołalski, Pedeutologia historyczna, Wydawnictwo MarMar Marian Kaczorowski, Wrocław 2006, ss. 147
Authors: Jamrożek Wiesław
Published: January 2019

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Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2003 (z uzupełnieniami za poprzednie lata)
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: January 2019

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Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2004
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: January 2019

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Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej pt. „System oświaty w Galicji 1772-1918 i jego rola w przemianach cywilizacyjnych
Authors: Barnaś-Baran Ewa
Published: January 2019

..
Pierwsze Biennale Historyków Edukacji „Być dzieckiem w XVIII-XX wieku” Kielce - Święta Katarzyna, 25-26 września 2006 r.
Authors: Juchcińska-Giłka Kamila , Nawrot-Borowska Monika
Published: January 2019

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D. D. jak dreszcz demencji
Authors: Serkowska Hanna
Published: January 2019

The claim here is that cultural representations of dementia may benefit from the structure of crime fiction which appears therefore to be among the theme most suited genres. We do not know enough about the disease or its etiology (the “culprit” remains unknown), hence the situation of the sufferer befits that of enigma or suspense, fear or confusion, doubt and presumption, standardly deployed by detective stories. Crime fiction narratives underscore that which is at stake in dementia: the riddle of disappearing of the person affected, the puzzle of memory loss, the identity doubt which extends to the relative when he or she is not recognized by the sufferer. By turning to a detective genre, Alzheimer’s novel profits from the genre’s growing popularity, owing to the reading public’s demand for challenges enhancing “mind reading” competences and training predictive abilities. The latter are more in demand as neurocognitive standards of readers grow.
Creativity and criticality: Reimagining narratives through translanguaging and transmediation
Authors: Darvin Ron
Published: January 2019

This paper asserts that creativity and criticality are interlocked constructs that converge through the shared impetus of challenging existing norms, practices and relations of power. Drawing on data from a student YouTube adaptation of a play about Filipino migrants from a literature textbook, it examines how high school students in the Philippines use their linguistic, multimodal and digital resources to retell a prescribed narrative from their own perspectives and contexts. By conducting a multimodal discourse analysis of this video, this paper demonstrates how these youth engage with translanguaging and transmediation, reshaping the meanings of the primary text while imagining spaces like Canada from their own fixed locations in the Philippines. Through these creative and critical processes, they are able to challenge the boundaries of both word and world, and assert their own voices in the discourse of migration and globalization.
Gender Troubles
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces the families in the study and the diverse ways they came to understand that their child had a gender issue that penetrated to the level of core identity. While many children engage in atypical forms of play, certain types of gendered statements and behaviors led these parents to decide that their child had a problem significant enough to seek support from an outside expert or advocate. Some also came, in time, to understand that their child had a gender identity that conflicted with their social assignment. The processes through which parents generated these understandings differed significantly for male and female children, reflecting how we valorize normative masculinity while simultaneously treating the category “male” as exquisitely fragile. Parents then shift their behavior, “giving gender” differently to their children, revealing the ways our identities come into being in interaction with significant others.
Anxiety and Gender Regulation
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: January 2019

This chapter returns to the concept of gender assessments, this time examining how they work after parents have determined their child is transgender. While many parents perceived themselves to be acutely vulnerable to state regulation, families with sexual-minority parents or racial-minority children were much more likely to have interventions into their lives by the state. When the state actually did intervene, however, it was with great consequence, and those interventions intensified the inequalities those families already suffered. Families with the greatest emotional and material resources, however, could marshal the state to assist them in problem solving, demonstrating the double life of the state (as enforcer and as resource provider) and the ways in which it exacerbates preexisting inequalities.
Wagner’s Venusberg
Authors: Kreuzer Gundula
Published: January 2019

This chapter explicates how the opening Venusberg scenes of Wagner’s Tannhäuser allegorically anticipate the composer’s ideal of the Gesamtkunstwerk,as well as its limitations. Both the Venusberg and Wagner’s Festspielhaus in Bayreuth are removed from civilization, elevated on a mountain, hermetically closed, artificially lit, and accessible only to the initiate. By micromanaging her grotto, Venus choreographs an overwhelming medial crescendo of the sort demanded by Wagner in “The Art-Work of the Future.” The Venusberg thus illustrates the desired stage appearance of Wagner’s ideals and how to realize it: Venus is Wagner’s total director. Parallels between Venus and Wagner are reinforced by their shared personal obsessions and underlined in recent productions of Tannhäuser. However, Wagner’s Tannhäuser flees the Venusberg, with his rejection of Venus’s magic (or technologies) presaging Nietzsche’s critique of Wagner’s total medial immersion. Wagner may have intimated the unattainability of his multimedia ideals from their inception.
Steam
Authors: Kreuzer Gundula
Published: January 2019

Wagner’s abundant evocation of fogs and fires in Der Ring des Nibelungen was unprecedented. The water vapor used in 1876 at Bayreuth’s inaugural festival provided Wagner with his most “real” stage ingredient. Additionally, the chapter proposes, steam could mediate between bodies and painted scenery and could both enliven and veil open transformations. Yet while onstage vapors became a visual icon of the Ring, steam also drew attention to tensions within Wagner’s works and theories. Although intended to evoke unspoiled mythic nature, this novel and multisensorial technology generated smells and sounds associated precisely with the industrial modernity that Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk was to overcome. Allegorically, steam’s rendering of both fogs and fires anticipated the vanquishing of nature in the Ring by fire, the oldest human technology. Ultimately, its multivalence allowed steam to transcend both scenic realism and the operatic stage to become a cyp her of both modernity and performativityper se.
Elaborating an Alternative
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of a more fruitful way in which readers should understand how capitalism or market economies operate. It stresses that market societies are constantly being reconstructed and that government and politics are always intertwined with economics. It proposes that the United States is now a habitation society but that we lack the institutional arrangements to support this new kind of economy.
The Illusion of Global Order Organized by Capitalism
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter shows that it is incorrect to imagine that the logic of capitalism dictates a particular organization of the global economy. That organization has been a function of great power politics and has changed significantly across different time periods.
Afterword
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This afterword develops a brief critique of the way analysts and activists on the left continue to use the concept of capitalism. My main argument is that the term “capitalism” was effectively stolen by the right wing in the 1970s and 1980s and infused with a meaning that emphasizes capitalism’s durability and its unchanging nature. So when those on the left use the term, they inadvertently reinforce the problematic claims of their political opponents. A similar episode of linguistic larceny happened earlier. Between 1890 and 1910, political thinkers in England and the United States effectively stole the term “liberalism” and redefined it from “economic liberalism” to “political liberalism.”...
The Color Line and the Assembly Line
Authors: Esch Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2019

IN 1903 HENRY FORD INCORPORATED the Ford Motor Company. That same year the sociologist, historian, and activist W. E. B. Du Bois published this remarkably prescient claim: “The problem of the 20th century is the problem of the color line—the relation of the darker to the lighter races in Asia and Africa, in America and in the islands of the sea.”...
1833
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

In introducing the history of peyote in Mexico, this chapter begins with an incident in 1833, when the Mexican doctor Ignacio Sendejas attempted to cure cholera with a concoction made from peyote. The incident reminds us that in the aftermath of Mexican independence and the retreat of the Spanish Inquisition, long-standing prohibitions against peyote were abandoned by a state that was deeply concerned with making a modern nation. We are then introduced to the core concerns of the book, which center on an attempt to understand the ways that peyote is intertwined in the histories of race, science, religion, and the law in both Mexico and the United States. This chapter also considers peyote as a thing unto itself, with specific effects on the human body. In taking an approach that is informed by affect theory, the study proposes a novel approach to thinking through the history of indigeneity and race in North America.
Framing the Issues
Authors: Miller Susan L.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 explores the key theoretical and empirical literature that guides the research project. It describes the pushes and pulls that women experience in relationships characterized by IPV/A and it outlines what we understand women need in the short term and long term after the dissolution of a violent relationship. This chapter also incorporates a discussion of central thematic concepts such as growth, healing from trauma, individual agency and collective efficacy, identity, and meaning making. I challenge the false, or incomplete, assumption that there is some kind of closure for women after leaving a violent relationship. Finally, it looks at what it means to be “resilient.”
Situating the Research Project
Authors: Miller Susan L.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 accomplishes two things. First, it outlines the research methodology conducted in the project, detailing the two groups of women that comprise the sample. Second, it explores the blurred boundaries between images of victims and survivors. Rather than an either/or dichotomy, the women talked about how victimization and survivorship exist on a continuum; the chapter further makes sense of the meanings adopted by the women and examines their implications.
Support Networks and Structural Challenges
Authors: Miller Susan L.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 extends the issues discussed in the previous two chapters and explores women’s use of informal and formal support networks. It also describes the structural challenges women confront, such as their religious communities and/or the criminal justice system, as they move forward in the years following the termination of their abusive relationships.
Iranian Expanse
Authors: Canepa Matthew P.
Published: January 2019

The product of a decade of research, The Iranian Expanse is a study of the natural and built environments of power in Persia and the ancient Iranian world from the consolidation of the Achaemenid Empire in the sixth century BCE to the fall of the Sasanian Empire in the seventh century CE. It analyzes the formation and development of some of the most enduring expressions of power in Persia and the ancient Iranian world: palaces, paradise gardens and hunting enclosures, royal cities, sanctuaries and landscapes marked with a rich history of rock art and ritual activity. It explores how these structures, landscapes and urban spaces constructed and transformed Iranian imperial cosmologies, royal identities, and understandings of the past. While previous studies have often noted startling continuities between the traditions of the Achaemenids and the art and architecture of medieval or Early Modern Islam, they have routinely downplayed or ignored the tumultuous millennium between Alexander and Islam. The first study of its kind, the Iranian Expanse shows how the Seleucids, Arsacids and Sasanians played a transformative role in the development of a new Iranian royal culture that impacted early Islam and the wider Persianate world of such dynasties as the Il-Khans, Safavids, Timurids and Mughals.
Rival Visions and New Royal Identities in Post-Achaemenid Anatolia and the Caucasus
Authors: Canepa Matthew P.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 examines post-Achaemenid Anatolia and the Caucasus. It explore how the kingdoms of founded or ruled by dynasts who traced their roots to Persian satrapal houses navigated between the Hellenistic and Iranian worlds.
“A General Principle of Democracy”
Authors: Jelly-Schapiro Eli
Published: January 2019

“Terror,” like “security,” is a keyword of contemporary political and economic order. This chapter denaturalizes the term’s latter-day resonance via an examination of its longer history within the context of a specifically colonial modernity. The politics of terror, this chapter contends, are expressed in and by three primary modalities. In the first instance, terror—the sublime terror of the state of nature—is a pretext for the imposition of imperial power. In the second instance, terror is a method employed by the imperial security state to guarantee the conditions and outcome of capital accumulation. Finally, terror is a strategy of resistance to colonial violence.
Yongzheng’s Innovative Rules for Regulating Eunuchs
Authors: Kutcher Norman A.
Published: January 2019

Influenced by the succession struggle, Yongzheng set about creating a system for eunuch management that would keep eunuchs from having undue influence on the princes and their households. He worried about one of his sons in particular, Hongjeo, whose brother would become the Qianlong emperor. Yongzheng sought to ensure that this son would be kept insulated from the harmful effects of eunuchs. Yongzheng also sought to rationalize eunuch management and render it more compassionate. He created a rainy day fund for eunuchs, doubled their salaries, awarded them a cemetery west of Beijing (Enjizhuang), and sought to find ways to use ranks and salary to incentivize them to work harder.
Sacred
Authors: Chidester David
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines a category, “that which is set apart,” which has been crucial for the Durkheimian tradition in the study of religion. Separated from the ordinary, the everyday, or the profane, the sacred is set apart in such a way that it is central to social formations. Exploring the dynamics of the sacred by viewing Chris Rock’s documentary Good Hair, which takes us from Christian hair styling to Hindu temple rituals, this chapter shows how the sacred is produced through extraordinary attention, regular ritualization, sacrificial exchanges, and inevitable contestations over the ownership of the sacred.
Popular
Authors: Chidester David
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the circulation of characteristically religious patterns and processes through popular culture. Although religious themes might appear in cultural media, popular culture also generates formations that seem to operate like religion. This chapter highlights three ways in which popular culture acts like religion in the formation of communities of sacred allegiance, the devotion to sacred objects, and the rituals of collective effervescence in sacred exchange. Illustrations are drawn from professional sports, consumer products, and entertainment media. As a business enterprise and cultural formation that displays all three of these features, Tupperware can be analyzed as a popular cultural religion, a religion of plastic that demonstrates the plasticity of religion in the modern world.
The Unmaking of a Diva
Authors: Holloway David
Published: January 2019

This chapter traces the life of author Kanehara Hitomi, whose Akutagawa Prize–winning Snakes and Earrings (2003) remains the author’s primary claim to fame. In the wake of her sudden success, and due in no small part to her bold taste in fashion, Kanehara was quickly branded a diva in the media. She has since slipped from the limelight and has cultivated a “comfortable anonymity.” This chapter paints in broad strokes Kanehara’s troubled teens as well as her recent attempts to shed the diva label. The chapter also argues that what made Kanehara a diva had less to do with her novella or fashion sense and more to do with her experiences growing up in recessionary Japan and the ways in which her celebrity illuminated fissures in Japanese social life.
The Cosmology of Conversion
Authors: Hansen Helena
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses Pentecostal cosmology, which holds that power is located not in people, but in spirits. In this cosmos, freedom is not human autonomy but liberation from evil spirits, enabling individuals to submit their will to the Holy Spirit. Converts weave a new web of relations with spirits that disrupt their over-determined relations with people and with drugs. Holy Spirit possession, for instance, channels supernatural forces through discarded addicts, disrupting not only the intrapersonal, but also the social, order. Pentecostal converts disrupt routines through sleep deprivation, fasting, prayer, and drone-like incantation. They induce a state in which mental activity becomes less structured, and the normal rules of hierarchy, class, and causality cease to apply.
Introduction
Authors: Babb Florence E.
Published: January 2019

The introduction argues that recent discussion of ethnic and racial inequality in Peru has largely overlooked gender differences, an absence this book seeks to redress. The author contends that a critical feminist perspective is essential to contend with complex social realities, past and present. This reconsideration reveals the strengths in Andean women’s “traditional” social position and the new purchase in being female and Andean, though these women are subject nonetheless to subtle and durable forms of discrimination in contemporary Peru. Frameworks examined range from the analytic of gender complementarity (positing balanced male-female roles) to theories of production and reproduction (as aspects of women’s work) and to intersectionality and decolonial feminism. Babb takes a self-critical perspective on her past work and then turns to consider how earlier research and writing might be understood anew in light of the approach she is setting forth. Drawing together discussions of race and of gender, she provides a fuller and more accurate understanding of interwoven inequalities in Peru.
Commentary
Authors: Babb Florence E.
Published: January 2019

By the 1980s in Latin America, as elsewhere, there were emergent women’s movements and popular feminisms on the one hand and self-identified, often middle-class, feminists of various political stripes on the other. Frameworks of analysis that had already emerged were further refined, among them a good number that embraced Western dualisms such as private/public, traditional/modern, informal/formal, and production/reproduction—all of which influenced Babb’s thinking and that of many others in both the global North and the global South as a result of the geopolitics of knowledge and its circulation. During this period, there was increased attention to race and ethnicity, as well as to gender as a social relation rather than a fixed category. In her commentary, the author traces some of these currents in feminist thought and politics during that period as a backdrop for discussion of her work presented here from that time. The chapters that follow in this section were based on research on Andean market women of Huaraz, Peru.
Women in the Marketplace
Authors: Babb Florence E.
Published: January 2019

Conceptualizing women workers in the informal urban sector of developing economies poses certain problems. Researchers disagree as to the class position, productive activity, and political consciousness characteristic of these workers. Focusing on women in small-scale commerce—a growing population in cities of many underdeveloped areas—this chapter questions some commonly held views and suggests a need to refine our analysis of women in the distributive trades and the services. As one effort in this direction, the results of research on marketers in a provincial city in Peru are presented to show that while there is some ambiguity in the class status of market women, owing to the various forms of their participation in the capitalist economy, these women may be termed productive workers with evident potential for mobilization.
Toward a New Gendered Partisanship
Authors: Heidt-Forsythe Erin
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores and analyzes the role of partisan women in leadership and in setting agendas around the politics of egg donation at the state level. Given the ways that reproductive health, medicine, and family have been strongly associated with leadership and representation by female legislators in U.S. politics, this chapter explains and analyzes the diverse and complex roles of women in politics on egg donation politics and policymaking. This chapter provides the first comprehensive study of egg donation politics at the state level over time (1995–2010), and it connects the divergent policy strategies around egg donation in reproduction and research to the diverse and varied roles of partisan women in state politics.
Qiaopi and Modern Chinese Economy and Politics
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the contributions remittances made to Chinese economic development in general and to the qiaoxiang in particular. It considers the role played by the Chinese state and state-associated organizations in setting policies and guidelines for the qiaopi trade. The Chinese state sought to destroy or assimilate premodern postal services like the qiaopi system and to assert the authority of the post office over them. The state’s striving for a monopoly of postal services and its commitment to universal-service obligations brought it into conflict with existing postal services, including the qiaopi trade. The chapter reaches three main conclusions. First, the qiaopi trade played a key role in China’s economic modernization in Guangdong and Fujian and even to China’s survival as an independent nation-state. Second, in the course of interacting with and participating in China’s domestic economy and body politic, the agents and institutions that underlay the qiaopi trade underwent tremendous changes. Third, the nation-states’ growing power and influence over the qiaopi trade (and its agents) finally led to the trade’s demise in the late 1970s.
Imagining decline or sustainability: Hope, fear, and ideological discourse in Hollywood speculative fiction
Authors: Dasilva Clayton
Published: January 2019

Over the past decade within Hollywood speculative fiction (SF), the natural environment has become more prominent as a cause of societal collapse. Interstellar, Elysium, Wall-E, Mad Max, and Tomorrowland, as a few examples, all include environmental change and deterioration as prominent plot points, rather than merely as settings. I analyze the political and ideological tenor of these films with a discourse framework to assess the influence of certain real-world discourses, as well as their optimism or pessimism in the context of real-world sustainability transformations. Within this genre, one continues to find a degree of ‘Prometheanism,’ or techno-optimism, but the distinctive discursive influence of the past decade and a half has been the rise of ‘Survivalism,’ a more dystopian or post-apocalyptic discourse. When the environment is prominent as a theme, that is, these films more often explore its destruction—often by humans—and the conditions of existence within such environments.