bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penjatuhan Pidana Di Bawah Minimum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perzinahan
Authors: Harianti Isnin
Published: May 2019

This study aims to analyze court decisions that decide the perpetrators of criminal acts of adultery with a sentence of at least 1 (one) month in prison. The problems that arise from this study are, first, is the judge's basis in making a sentence of a sentence of at least 1 (one) month imprisonment in the decision Number 244 / Pid.B / 2017 / Pn Lwk? Second, Is the decision of at least 1 (one) month imprisonment against the perpetrators charged with committing criminal adultery adhering to the value of justice? The research method uses a normative juridical approach. Data collection was carried out with literature review. The analysis is carried out qualitatively. The results showed: First, the consideration of judges in deciding a minimum sentence of 1 (one) month imprisonment to the perpetrator charged with committing a criminal act of adultery was based solely on the defendant's defendant who had not committed a crime and admitted his mistake. adultery with a minimum sentence of 1 (one) month imprisonment is not in accordance with the value of justice, because the judge must have believed that the defendant committed an adultery crime can decide ideally a third of criminal sanctions Article 284 of the Criminal Code, so that the judge does not seem to hesitate in ensnaring the perpetrator.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis putusan pengadila, yang memutus pelaku tindak pidana perzinahan dengan hukuman minimal 1 (satu) bulan penjara. Permasalahan yang timbul dari kajian ini adalah, pertama, apakah dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam penjatuhan putusan hukuman minimal 1 (Satu) bulan penjara pada putusan Nomor 244/Pid.B/2017/Pn Lwk? Kedua, Apakah putusan minimal 1 (Satu) bulan penjara terhadap pelaku yang didakwa melakukan pidana perzinahan telah sesuai dengan nilai keadilan? Metode Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kajian kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, Pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus pidana minimum 1 (Satu) bulan penjara kepada pelaku yang didakwa melakukan tindak pidana perzinahan adalah hanya berdasar pada terdakwa terdakwa belum pernah melakukan tindak pidana dan mengakui kesalahannya, Kedua, putusan hakim yang memutus pelaku tindak pidana perzinahan dengan hukuman minimum 1 (Satu) bulan penjara belum sesuai dengan nilai keadilan, karena hakim seharusnya dengan telah yakin kepada terdakwa melakukan tindak pidana perzinahan dapat memutus idealnya sepertiga dari sanksi pidana Pasal 284 KUHP, sehingga tidak terkesan hakim ragu dalam menjerat pelaku tindak pidana perzinahan
Akurasi Potong Beku Intraoperatif dalam Mendiagnosis Tumor Ovarium di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Authors: Arnila Ria , Dewi Citra , Triwani Triwani
Published: May 2019

Pemeriksaan histopatologi potong beku merupakan analisis histologi secara cepat pada massa ovarium saat pembedahan,namun tes ini relatif lebih rendah kualitasnya dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi rutin sebagai standar baku emas. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui akurasi pemeriksaan histopatologi potong beku dibandingkan dengan histopatologi rutin dalam mendiagnosis tumor ovarium di bagian Patologi Anatomi RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang periode Januari 2014-Agustus 2017.Penelitian ini menggunakan uji diagnostik untuk mengetahui akurasi dari pemeriksaan histopatologi potong beku tumor ovarium. Penelitian melibatkan 295 pasien yang dipilih menggunakan consecutive sampling, dari data pasien dihitung nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif, dan akurasi.Didapatkan akurasi pemeriksaan potong beku untuk menentukan potensi keganasan tumor ovarium sebesar 90%. Sebanyak 29 kasus dengan perbedaan diagnosis, yaitu 17 kasus negatif palsudan 12 kasus positif palsu. Tumor ganas memiliki sensitivitas paling besar yaitu 91% dengan spesifisitas 94%, untuk tumor jinak didapatkan sensitivitas 90%  dan spesifisitas 95%, sedangkan pada tumor borderline didapatkan sensitivitas paling rendah yaitu 78% dengan spesifisitas 97%. Akurasi pemeriksaan potong beku untuk tumor ovarium tipe musinosum sebesar 87% sedangkan untuk tipe non-musinosum sebesar 91%.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan potong beku cukup akurat untuk menentukan potensi keganasan tumor ovarium, walaupun sensitivitasnya untuk menentukan tumor borderline lebih rendah dibandingkan untuk tumor jinak dan ganas.
Pengaruh Pemberian Umpan Balik Latihan OSCE terhadap Keterampilan Klinis Mahasiswa
Authors: Al Izza Fadhila , Andina Meizly
Published: May 2019

Keterampilan klinis merupakan hal yang penting untuk dikuasai bagi seorang dokter. Keterampilan klinis yang dimaksud meliputi keterampilan dalam melakukan penegakan diagnosis melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang serta keterampilan dalam melakukan prosedur penatalaksanaan masalah kesehatan pasien. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) merupakan salah satu metode evaluasi keterampilan klinis mahasiwa fakultas kedokteran. Proses pembelajaran keterampilan klinis dasar Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara mencakup role-play dan learning using mannequins keterampilan klinis sesuai dengan blok yang berlangsung serta latihan OSCE. Dalam pelaksanaannya, setelah dilakukan latihan OSCE,  mahasiswa akan mendapatkan umpan balik atau evaluasi kembali. Manfaat dilakukannya umpan balik latihan OSCE ini agar mahasiswa dapat mengetahui apakah yang mereka lakukan selama latihan OSCE sudah sempurna atau masih terdapat kesalahan dan kekurangan. Diharapkan dengan dilakukannya umpan balik latihan OSCE, mahasiswa dapat mencari tahu lebih lanjut apa kesalahan dan kekurangan mereka sehingga mahasiswa dapat berbenah diri dan memberikan penampilan yang lebih baik di OSCE yang sesungguhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian umpan balik latihan OSCE terhadap keterampilan klinis mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu metode penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest post test. Hasil yang didapatkan berdasarkan hasil uji T berpasangan berupa nilai nilai p value 0,000 (p<0,05), secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara keterampilan klinis pretest dan post test. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan umpan balik latihan OSCE berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan klinis mahasiswa.
Creencias sobre el Crecimiento Infantil de los padres
y madres en situación de pobreza de Concepción del Uruguay
Authors: Foti Érica
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo describe y analiza las creencias acerca del crecimiento infantil que tienen padres y madres de niños de 1 a 5 años en situación de pobreza de Concepción del Uruguay. Se contemplaron las edades y el lugar de procedencia de los mismos, la diferencia de género, su nivel de instrucción y la situación socio-económica familiar. Es una investigación de tipo cualitativa que utilizó como instrumentos encuestas, entrevistas en profundidad y observación no estructurada. Se tuvo permanentemente presente la interrelación creencias-prácticas de cuidado, lo cual fue analizado a partir del concepto de representaciones sociales, el enfoque de género, el pensamiento complejo, el Modelo Extendido de Cuidados y el Modelo Ecológico; enmarcado todo ello en el campo de la Salud Familiar y Comunitaria.
La Filosofía Precautoria como eje ordenador de la educación en CTS
Authors: Giri Leandro
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo propone, ante la diversidad temática del área disciplinar Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad (CTS), un eje ordenador capaz de estructurar un espacio curricular como el propuesto en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires bajo el nombre “Problemas Científicos de Impacto Social”. Dicho eje gira alrededor de una serie de tópicos de discusión filosófica disparados por la premisa denominada Principio de Precaución (PP). Se muestra cómo el análisis del PP dispara temáticas relevantes para la formación de ciudadanos, que serán agrupados bajo la denominación “filosofía precautoria”. Se analizará la pertinencia de la propuesta efectuada por la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y se mostrará cómo el eje propuesto es capaz de cumplir los requisitos demandados por su Ministerio de Educación. Asimismo se evalúa el marco teórico utilizado por el Ministerio para fundamentar el espacio curricular en discusión y se muestra cómo la filosofía precaucionaría es compatible con dicho marco e incluso superadora.
Conocimientos previos de números complejos en Ingeniería
Authors: NDJATCHI MBE KOUA CHRISTOPHE
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los conocimientos matemáticos previos que tienen los estudiantes de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales antes de tomar el curso de números complejos mediante el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos de la teoría de la Matemática en el Contexto de las Ciencias. Para lo cual se muestra el diseño de un instrumento con base en estos procesos cognitivos, el cual se aplica a una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes. Los datos se analizan cuantitativamente y los resultados muestran las dificultades que tienen los estudiantes en los conocimientos previos básicos de la educación.
OPERATION OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN HEALTH CONDITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE EXPOSURE
Authors: Gorbanev S A , Chashchin V P , Fridman K B , Gudkov A B
Published: May 2019

A systematic review of the 22 published data available in both national and international scientific indexing systems, including the results of 2 our own researches showed that the common practice of establishing a causal link between the environmental hazardous substance exposure and public health condition often did not met the modern concepts of its evidence-based criteria. Current methodological, organizational and technical problems inhibitive proper collection and evidence interpretation of environmental pollution harmful effect on health condition were discussed, as well as noncritical use of a linear summation principle of adverse effects incidence of unidirectionally functioning actual substance in any level effect. The limitations and conditions under which such summation can be used if content of harmful substances in environmental objects is lower than corresponding MAC were given. Needs for further development of the approach of aggregated assessment of pollution negative effect on health were also specified. It is shown that the model can't be considered as evidence-based one if it is unable to provide reliable prediction of injury when risk environment is represented by a combination of different factors and conditions that do not meet stability criterion and association coherence.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE QUALITY BY POPULATION OF ALMATY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Turdaliyeva B S , Baysugurova V Y , Kashafutdinova G T , Aimbetova G E , Ramazanova M A , Talkimbayeva N A , Ermukhanova L S , Baymagambetova A A , Kayupova G S , Meyrmanova Z M , Baykazakova M T , Ivanov S V , Grjibovski A M
Published: May 2019

A survey of 1 194 respondents aged 45+ living in Almaty (Kazakhstan) to assess satisfaction with the quality of medical care was conducted. Specially trained interviewers visited respondents at home and filled questionnaires, which included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, the characteristics of medical care during the past year, bad habits, self-assessment of health, trust to doctors and the respondent's opinion on quality of health care. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Adjustment was performed for socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the peculiarities of medical care. Altogether, 55.7 % (95 % CI 52.9; 58.5) of respondents were not satisfied with the quality of medical care. In multivariable analysis dissatisfaction with the quality of health care was associated with education, income, and self-, but the most influential factor was distrust of doctors (OR = 19, 95 % CI 12; 30). Thus, measures aimed at increasing the trust in doctors, especially the development of personalized medicine, have a potential increase the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of medical care. This study can serve as a start point for a panel study to monitor population's satisfaction with the quality of health care.
“Our Bravest and Most Beautiful Soldier”: Pola Negri, Wartime and the Gendering of Anxiety in Hotel Imperial
Authors: Girelli Elisabetta
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on Pola Negri, one of the most iconic stars of the silent era, and concentrates on her performance and image in the Hollywood film Hotel Imperial (Mauritz Stiller, 1927). Assessing Negri's character within the wartime context of the plot, her screen presence and narrative function are analysed in relation to wartime anxiety, gender roles, and the role of the home front. Specifically, this article argues that Negri's exceptional display of anxiety, in contrast to the acting of her male co-protagonists, can be fruitfully understood as a distinctly “female”, empowering quality, aiding her role of main agent in the film. In the light of selected texts by Sigmund Freud, Charles Bachelard, and Lindsey Stonebridge, this article offers a close reading of Negri's performance, showing that Negri productively unblocks and mobilises the inherent anxiety of the film's time and place. Positioned in traditionally female locations, the home front and the domestic space, Negri acts upon the former by controlling the latter, enabling not only her own rescue, but also that of her menfolk: her soldier lover and, indirectly, the whole Austro-Hungarian army. This discussion is linked to the dramatic shift in Negri's image in Hotel Imperial, a shift which has traditionally been criticised as a weakening of her persona; this article instead argues that, far from being “tamed” by the shedding of her vamp connotations, Negri emerges as the film's strongest presence, gaining agency and power while explicitly rejecting patriarchal constructions of female sex-appeal.
Legislative Frame of the Protection and Use of E-records in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Posedi Ivana , Milobara Irena
Published: May 2019

Due to the fact, that the number of E-records in care of creators and owners of public archives in Croatia is constantly growing while their protection is very poorly covered in the Law on archival records and Archives, the authors discuss the question according to which laws and in which way the protection of E-records is ensured. They are discussing also the questions, which guidelines should be applied in the draft of the future law and regulation referring to E-records. Are the existing laws on E-records sufficient for their protection in this transitional period?
The Era of Electronic Documents and the Challenges Facing Their Management
Authors: Ismaili Ismail , Sülçevsi Refike
Published: May 2019

The rapid evolution of computer science and information technology during the past 30 years has led to a revolution in the way of creating electronic documents and information exchanges. Once monolithic, now document is made dynamic in terms of diversification opportunities of commercial exchanges. The central role played by the documents, for the implementation of business processes across different organizations, already enjoys a growing awareness and recognition larger. Standard ISO 15489, Records Management, puts documents at the heart of business processes and promotes their pursuit of an electronic management system that develops them on these premises. The digitization of documents and their creation since inception in electronic form, facilitates the work of the public regarding research in various fields. Therefore, electronic tools of research are not a goal in itself: they are here to allow and assist the researcher and the applicant to identify more quickly the original documents, which are useful for research or his research.
Digital Long-Term-Preservation in Austria
Authors: Fröhlich Susanne , Schöggl-Ernst Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

Long-term-preservation is a much discussed topic and a lot of institutions seem to deal with this question. But most of them are only saving digital data. The authors give a review on considerations and strategies for a longterm preservation of cultural heritage in Austria. The Austrian State Archives already have established an electronic long-term archive for the permanent storage of digital data, called “Digital Archive Austria”. The modular software is based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model and follows the concept of a service-oriented architecture with an interface to archival information systems. A web shop with a billing system is part of the service for the access to digital data. For reasons of cost efficiency the Austrian Federal Chancellery has purchased a general license enabling all Austrian provinces, cities, communities and other public authorities to use this archive solution without having to pay license fees all over again.
Archival Response to the Challenge of Long Term Preservation: Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Era of Digitization
Authors: Domazet Siniša
Published: May 2019

One of the simplest and most straightforward definitions of the Archives is that it is a place where archival material is preserved. In addition to all the other tasks that Archives should perform, preservation and protection of archival materials should always be the major commitment. In a world in which we exist, the constant change is the only permanent and inevitable phenomenon. The old Greeks used to say panta rei. There is expression in Bosnia - time creates, time destroys. Men’s fight against transience and oblivion has begun from the first moment when he understood the inevitability of death. This struggle has never stopped and is reflected in art, philosophy, science and everyday life. Archive is just one of the places where it is most evident. Although the information in digital form is theoretically impervious to the passage of time, the media on which they are kept are far away from immortality. It is not even necessary to wait for them to perish physically - they quickly become unusable due to the appearance of newer, better, but incompatible formats. Just try to access a file saved some fifteen years ago, stored on 5 or 8 inch floppy. Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, possessing over 400 valuable funds, has not managed to keep pace with similar institutions across Europe in the digitizing process. There is a constant problem of the lack of adequate IT equipment and professional employees. The fire that last year stormed one of the most important depots put in the foreground the strategy of keeping electronic copies in multiple locations.
Location Characteristics of Archival Buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kožar Azem
Published: May 2019

The paper discusses the location characteristics of archival facilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the several aspects of the macro location, micro location, convenience to the case of extraordinary circumstances, the possibility of adaptation and extension, construction characteristics and ownership status. It brings a short review of the state of archival buildings until 1991, and a detailed description of the condition in 2015. The article analyses all the above mentioned aspects of the convenience of the facilities location and indicates the possibilities to improve the situation on this important archival issue. The correct solutions in this matter are important also for the successful development of many other issues relevant to the Bosnian archival science. In the context of all this also the attitude of society towards this issue of archival activities is analyzed.
Role and Duty of an Archivist in the Chain of Social Responsibility for the Protection of Confidential Information and Personal Data
Authors: Pejović Snežana
Published: May 2019

This paper deals with the role and responsibility of archivists in the modern era in which, primarily due to the application of new technologies, all data and pieces of information from current and archival records, including those personal and confidential ones, become potentially “visible”, i.e. available to the general public in any given moment. Dual responsibility of archivists is adduced in personal and confidential data protection: archivist as a creator / holder of current and archival records containing this kind of data, and as a custodian and processor of archival material of other creators and holders. Through various stages in the course of the performance of their professional archival work a degree of responsibility of archivists has been analysed in the protection of personal / confidential data. The need, as well as the importance of the regular alignment of the national archival regulations with other legal acts and recommendations concerning the above-mentioned areas have been pointed out. Also, the necessity of making detailed elaborated professional instructions-guidelines for archivists as to how, in the process of their professional work, to manage personal data and classified information contained in the current and archival records has been underlined. Some positive and negative practices in Montenegro are presented, with special reference to the specificities of the small states and their ability to fully implement international community directives and recommendations in the field of the protection of privacy and confidentiality.
The Maintenance of Archive Collections in Times of Constricting Budgets: Some Alternative Approaches under Development on the UK
Authors: Rhys-Lewis Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The paper will outline the key objectives for collections care and analyse the direct impacts on long-term preservation resulting from austerity measures. The particular focus will be on local government funded archive services that carry a statutory duty to preserve archive collections. What has been the effect on standards? The author considers how standards are developing and where he feels the emphasis has changed to reflect the change in funding. The availability and access to both government and private funding will also be assessed and how funding criteria are driving preservation decisions. What options are there for improving storage and managing collections? How can archive services reduce and manage risk when the status of archive services is constantly under review and resources are scarce? The need for robust collecting and preservation policies is becoming a key strand of the response from both archivists and conservator-restorers. Additionally, this paper will investigate the increased challenges of promoting preservation in the absence of experienced, professional staff, and how the use of volunteers is shaping policy. The presentation will then assess the capacity and efficacy of the commercial sector in assisting with the maintenance and development of collections. The author hopes that by outlining current approaches in the UK, other countries will feel more confident to consider and explore similar models.
Challenge of Exhibiting Archival Materials, Role of Conservator and Exhibiting Conditions in Archives of Yugoslavia
Authors: Ivović Svetlana Perović
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on the complex issue of the exposure, preservation and maintenance of archival documents in the Archives of Yugoslavia. The attention is brought to all types of damage, whether caused by internal factors, which are the result of the nature of the material from which the document was created, whether caused by external factors that affect the degradation of the exhibited archival material. The risks of exposure to temperature, relative humidity, light, air pollution, dust, dirt, etc. The success of the exhibition depends on high quality cooperation between conservators, archivists and designers. When it comes to the role of conservators in the process of exposure, it is necessary for a conservator to be included in the exhibition activity, starting from the earliest stages of planning. Protection issues should not be overlooked in favor of other priorities, such as exhibit design. Moreover, it is not allowed to expose the original in poor condition with the aim of making showcase more attractive. Archival documents should be exhibited in appropriate glass cases, that are safe and made of inert materials. Today, a large number of modern design models, which meet conservation standards and have a high level of security protection from theft or any other attack on the document , are available on the market. When it comes to the presentation of the Archives of Yugoslavia, as well as in most of the archives in Serbia, the existing cabinets are old, difficult to operate and maintain, therefore they are not good enough when it comes to protection for the material that is exposed.
Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de España Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006)
Authors: García Elena Serrano
Published: May 2019

The Banco de España, founded in 1782, has had several headquarters in Madrid. Additionally it has had offices in up to 70 cities in Spain and 6 foreign locations. As a result, the Bank has used a considerable number of buildings throughout its history. The institution’s Archive preserves many of these buildings’ plans in a collection that has recently undergone a major treatment project. After a documental and bibliographical analysis, 2000 singularly valuable architecture plans were selected to be the object of the project tasks: organization, description, restoration, installation and digitalization. To facilitate access to the fond, the Banco de España Historical Archive has defined a specific access policy for the fond’s documents and has planned several dissemination activities to publish the collection and promote the use of the treated documents for research, academic and cultural purposes.
Consulting Archives: Contribution to the Discussion Based on Experience of Croatian State Archives
Authors: Heđbeli Živana
Published: May 2019

Aim of this paper is to give, based on experience of Croatian state archive, contribution to the discussion on consultation of archival records. Methodology usual for social sciences is used. Rules that stipulate records consultation are described and statistical data presented. 12.090 users, or 0,28% of all Croatian population, had consulted archival records, held by archive, in the year 2014 in Croatia. Rules and theirs execution have essential impact on number of users. Increased number of users in regional state archives in the beginning of second decade of this century is basically outcome of new laws related to denationalization and legalization of real estates. Archives even now do not have sufficient human and other resources not even to perform theirs basic tasks such as records arrangement. Consultation of archival records unavoidable reveals weakness on an archives or archival service regarding theirs prior tasks - protection, processing, and arrangement of records. One of the possible solutions of the archives’ crises, in a poor country in transition, is return of archives under the auspices of administration, and archives that work for the purpose of efficient governance.
The Charm of the Original: Archival Exhibitions
Authors: Kruse Christian
Published: May 2019

The written documents from all spheres of life stored in archives are almost exclusively originals and frequently unique. These originals have a quite special charm and therefore occupy centre-stage in the archive exhibition. The opportunities and limitations of exhibitions showing archives are displayed using exhibitions held by the Bavarian State Archives as an example.
Croatian Archives and Electronic Records: Current Situation and Development Trends
Authors: Lemić Vlatka
Published: May 2019

The paper presents an overview of the strategic documents, legal regulations and activities of the Croatian archival service of the past decades related to electronic records. Issues dealing with the development and implementation of e-archives and electronic records management are mostly related to e-government, and the ability of Croatian archives to collect, process and manage electronic born documentation is still an entirely open question that is waiting to be accessed in a systematic way. The draft of the new archives law proposal attempts to establish a legal framework for long-term protection of electronic records, which should be followed with specific measures and activities to resolve current problems in archives - lack of funding, strategic partnership and competencies for dealing with electronic records and implementation of e-archive system.
Problems with Describing E-born and Digitized Archival Records
Authors: Rajh Zdenka Semlič
Published: May 2019

National Program for Culture defines that the digitization and preservation of digital content in the field of culture, which include archives and libraries are among the basic tasks of public institutions dealing with cultural heritage. However, it would be reasonable to think how the digitization of library and archival material and free access to the online content are reflected in the description of digital content. Libraries and archives implemented in the last ten years various digitization projects. However, they did not pay attention to the description of digitized material, which raises the question of the importance of context. This raises also the question of the evidential value of the digitized archives as well as authenticity, integrity and accountability of the digitized material in a broader context, which archives provide on the basis of the principles of provenance and original order. The digitization of archives is not specific only from the standpoint of the digitization process itself but also from the standpoint of the description of digitized archives. Adequate description enables namely the wide use of digitized archival material. A short presentation of literature and up to now accomplished research is followed by an analysis of online accessible descriptions of digitized archival material. The analysis was conducted in 48 foreign archival information systems and their databases. These are large systems, some of which operate as a common database of several smaller archives, but some systems are individual systems of the large national archives. The analyses was conducted in publicly accessible user interfaces, and was based on a direct applicability of the descriptions of digitized archival material within individual database. This is the query that can be performed by average user of archival material with access to the search engine knowing at least the basics of the web browser and of searching and sorting of the results.
Systemic Thinking in Conservation Theory
Authors: Engel Patricia
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this contribution is to better understand the theoretical background of conservation of archival material. The methodology to better understand the already existing conservation-theory is found in the so called pattern language by Christopher Alexander. The article aims to show how this application can be performed and what benefit will derive from this.
The Process of Handling Materials before Digitizing the Heritage of Woodblocks of Vinh Nghiem Pagoda
Authors: Tran Loan Thi , Ngoc Nguyen Mai Thi
Published: May 2019

This article is based on the survey results of woodblocks of Vinh Nghiem Pagoda, in Tri Dung commune, Yen Dung district, Bac Giang province, Vietnam. From the survey results, the author group wishes to release the value of woodblocks of Vinh Nghiem Pagoda in history and at present on with regards to two aspects, archives and transmission of Vietnamese Buddhism tradition in general and Truc Lam Buddhism in particular. Especially, on the basis of assessing the process of handing the heritage of materials, the author group has learnt strengths and weaknesses of Vietnam in the process of handling woodblocks, an important phase in the digitization process.
Processing of Electronic Documents at the INAI: Preservation of E-Mails and of Information Posted on Social Network Institutional Accounts and Its Contribution to Transparency
Authors: Llamas Francisco Javier Acuña
Published: May 2019

In Mexico, laws and regulations on transparency provide that information held by public agencies and entities is public. This information includes that contained in institutional e-mails, since these are considered to be archival documents that evidence the activities undertaken by public entities when exercising their functions. The information contained in institutional e-mail accounts, and that posted on social networks has become a working tool to optimize the activities of the public system and contributes to transparency. This information must be preserved by using suitable document management processes, since the servers where e-mails are hosted and social network platforms are not information repositories, and its preservation is required to guarantee the right to access. This paper discusses the importance of preserving such content and how such preservation contributes to transparency and accountability.
Professional Competence of an Archivist: Changes that Can Be Expected
Authors: Marosz Magdalena
Published: May 2019

Over the 21st century, the model of professional competence of the archivist will certainly be changing and evolving. Competence, namely is the combination of knowledge and skills which enable the archivist to carry out the assigned tasks efficiently and effectively. These tasks, expected in the perspective of several decades are not quite possible to be predicted today. Undoubtedly now, and in the future even more, we should focus on training the present archivists and educating the future ones in the field of information management, data processing and secure storage of widely understood electronic documentation. So, are we going to witness a gradual evolution of the profession of an archivist towards the information manager, info broker, or a specialist in modern technology? Judging by the changes in the study programs for future archivists, it is highly probable. For the time being, these changes are being introduced quite slowly, at individual universities, but still, they determine a certain direction in education. We should also consider the methodology and standards of dealing with archival resources and the needs in this field, resulting from the changes which are happening now, and the expected ones, caused by the emergence of new techniques and technologies.
Archival Studies in Ukraine: Between Tradition and Challenges of Information Era
Authors: Paliienko Maryna
Published: May 2019

The article it devoted to analysis of the new trends in the archival education in Ukraine connecting with evolution of society and archives in information era. The author explores the models of archival education in Ukraine in a context of a new archival paradigm. Special attention is given to the activity of the Archival Studies Department at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv which offers a distinctive training program on archival theory, history and methodology as well as on Source Studies and Auxiliary Sciences of History. However, the challenges of a new information era led to the establishment in some centers for records managers’ training. Nowadays educators and archivists recognize the necessity of modernizing archival training programs, bringing them to the contemporary needs and archival practice. The author offers her view on getting balance between History, Memory, and Informational Technologies at the Archival Studies’ curricula.
Requests of Modern Archives in Serbia and Training of Experts in the Field of Presentation of the Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ivović Svetlana Perović
Published: May 2019

Archives, being significant institutions for protection and promotion of written cultural heritage should have programs for permanent training of employees dealing with preservation of cultural heritage in educational and cultural institutions as well as workshops and seminars that would prepare experts for education of pupils, students and elderly people. Appropriate methodology of education of professional staff is necessary in order to apply certain conservation treatments. Many problems appear when the professional training of staff who are supposed to work with sensitive archival material is in question. In order to create a proper preservation system within the archives network of Serbia, adequate education is necessary as well as training of professional staff. Concept of preventive and curative preservation should rely on appropriate interdisciplinary approach to the problem. Modern educative programs for conservation of written cultural heritage that could satisfy requests and problems of preservation are not available in Serbia. Without application of natural and humanitarian sciences, it is not possible to attain measurable results in the field of conservation whether it is matter of preventive preservation or curative conservation.
Studiing Modern Archival Science in Croatia
Authors: Dmitrus Željka
Published: May 2019

By definition, archival science is a set of knowledge about archival material and archival activity. Archival scienceis a young science because it has been developing for the past hundred years. More recently, theory, practice and methodology have been formed. When we talk about archival material, we need to know that it’s not just a pile of old paper preserved in the dark archive storage rooms. Archival material is a record in continuity - from the moment it is created, until the moment someone searches for that record. Today it is a common belive that archives are the memory of society and a part of cultural heritage. Today, documents are mostly generated in electronic form. From a practical point of view, modern archival science deals with answers to contemporary issues such as: How to organize digitalisation of archival material? How to keep digital content in the long run? How to organize digital archives? How to care for data security? These are just some questions that will have to be answered by the generations that come - young archivists. To be able to protect contemporary archives for the future we will have to find abwers to above questions, than only by protecting the present we will be able to preserve it for the future.
Legislative Regulations on Establishing Private and Special Archives in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Zulić Omer
Published: May 2019

The issue of establishment and operation of private and special archives is not adequately regulated in archival legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Namely, this issue is only superficially defined in some of the archival laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while in some it has not even been mentioned. In addition, subordinate legislation that is crucial in defining the procedure of establishment, jurisdiction of private archives, relation to parent archives, responsibilities, are not defined at all. Also, in the part of the establishment and operation of special archives no subordinate legislation was passed, which would define in more detail the conditions, procedures and the procedure of establishment, and should also be defined by subordinate regulations in that part. Therefore, this paper aims to carry out an analysis of the existing regulations and to initiate the solving of this issue by providing archival archives and archival experts with appropriate, expert legal solutions and subordinate regulations and instructions to competent institutions to make it available in the forthcoming period were given.
Private Archives in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ryantová Marie
Published: May 2019

Although private archives are among the most important and often the oldest (e.g., church, aristocratic archives), they are currently a specific group in the Czech Republic. According to the current law, private archives are archives established by natural or legal persons, while they may act as self-contained archives if they achieved the accreditation granted by the Department of Archival Administration of the Ministry of the Interior. The granting of accreditation presupposes the fulfilment of a number of conditions. Currently there are only 11 accredited private archives in the Czech Republic. The accreditation is not mandatory, the other possibility is to take over the private archives into care of their owners, or to deposit these on the basis of a custody agreement in the state archives (which is rather often used). The state archives even perform over both self-contained private archives and the archives administrated by their owners the mandatory supervision.
Private Archives in South Africa: Their Protection and Access with Particular Reference to the now Defunct Lutheran Theological Institute Library and Archives
Authors: Garaba Francis
Published: May 2019

This treatise is a case study that provides an insight into the status of private archives in South Africa with regards to their protection and access provisions. The paper is based on the author’s experiences as a manuscript librarian at the now defunct Lutheran Theological Institute (LTI) Library and Archives and research on faith-based archives which this institution was endowed with. The thesis of this paper is that records and archives legislation in South Africa as far as it applies to private archives is lethargic and not comprehensive enough to provide an enabling environment for their stewardship which is leading to loss of documentary heritage. The demise of this institution and the subsequent loss of the collection is testimony. In consequence, faith based collections (religious archives) need to be legislated like their counterparts public archives for protection and access in terms of the law.
Inventory and Protection of Photographs from the Julij Felaher Collection
Authors: Planinc Lucija , Grabnar Marija , Tomažič Jedert Vodopivec
Published: May 2019

Photographs bear visual memories of events, people, buildings and landscapes. The sensitivity of the materials used makes them a vulnerable part of cultural heritage, therefore their appropriate use and storage is ever more important. The work presented is based on an inventory of photographs from the Julij Felaher Collection (SI AS 1384) kept by the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia. In addition to basic information, the inventory sheet used also included reference to the type of photographic technique, the type of primary support, the type of damage, and an assessment of the preservation status. Based on the data obtained, physical protection of the photographs was carried out in order to enable their permanent storage.
The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Archives in Austria
Authors: Schöggl-Ernst Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

The General Data Protection Regulation gets Austrian archival legislation and administration moving. Because of the General Data Protection Regulation, it is necessary to amend Austrian Archival Legislation. Before the General Data Protection Regulation came into force Archives as well as other administration departments had to list all processed personal data. The paper deals with different processed personal data, which had to be notified and with the problem that many administration bodies wanted to get rid of their records before the end of May. How private archives are affected and which measures they had to take the author will discuss in this paper.
Changing Finnish Archival Legislation: Substantial Changes in the Shadow of EU Regulations
Authors: Henttonen Pekka
Published: May 2019

The article discusses development of Finnish Archival Acts (1939, 1981, and 1994) and the forthcoming legislation that is currently being drafted. The acts have traditionally defined the position of the National Archives in the society and given it the power decide about permanent retention and to instruct and guide public records creators. The new legislation will weaken the status of the National Archives essentially. It will also bring terminological confusion and break current appraisal practices. The paper is based on literary sources.
Personal Data Protection and Access to Archives in Ukraine: From the National and International Perspective
Authors: Paliienko Maryna
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the General Data Protection Regulation, which came into force on May 25, 2018, on the territory of the member states of the European Union, in comparison with the legislation on personal data that operates in Ukraine. The following basic concepts such as “personal data”, “personal data bases”, “information protection”, “the right to access to information”, “the right to erasure” are considered. Special attention is paid to the activities of archives in collecting, processing, storing and providing access to documents that contain personal information. It is analyzed the Laws of Ukraine “On Information”, “On Protection of Personal Data”, “On Access to Public Information”, “On the National Archival Fond and Archival Institutions”. It has been pointed out that the GDPR has very important value for European socio-political and economic life, for working out data protection standards and a new international privacy protection framework.
The State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia: Use of Archival Material and Data Protection Pursuant to the Law on Personal Data Protection and the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Usprcova Svetlana
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to explain the position of the State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia as guardian of the archival material, which is a subject of use for scientific, academic, administrative, public, publishing, exhibition and other purposes. In the process of use of the archival material, the archivists must be very careful in order to protect confidential, sensitive, legal and other information contained in the archival material, and take some measures in relation to the personal data protection. Herein, the author, also talks about the current Law on personal data protection and the harmonisation of the national law with the European legislation.
International Records Management and Archives Terminology Systems Standardized by ISO and IEC
Authors: Varlamova Luidmila N.
Published: May 2019

Nowadays terminology issues are getting more and more important due to the introduction of informational technologies into all professional areas including records and archives management. But are the terminological systems used in records management, archives and IT well coordinated? There are international organizations on standardization (e.g. ISO and IEC) which are responsible for the compatibility of international terminology through developing international standards. This article presents the results of our research into the main ISO and IEC standards (e.g. ISO 5127-2017, ISO 15489-2016) used in records and archives management and IT in terms of compatibility of standardized international terminology in these spheres. The main method of our research was the comparative analysis of various definitions of the same terms given in international standards created for experts in the above mentioned areas. Understanding the difference between the «data», «document», «record» is very important for choosing the ways of the protection and storage of the actual objects denoted by these terms. The research has shown that it is too early to speak about the compatibility of terminological systems even used in such close areas as records management and archives. The same is actual for IT terminology when it penetrates these spheres. Yet their terminological systems do not seem fully integrated even in ISO and IEC standards elaborated for these professional areas. However, it will be practically impossible to develop these spheres without coordinating their terminological systems. ISO and IEC standards might be real tools for solving this problem but they are still not appropriately used.