bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[O i] 6300 Å emission as a probe of external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
Authors: Ballabio Giulia , Haworth Thomas J , Henney W J
Published: November 2022

We study the utility of the [O i] 6300 Å forbidden line for identifying and interpreting externally driven photoevaporative winds in different environments and at a range of distances. Thermally excited [O i] 6300 Å is a well-known tracer of inner disc winds, so any external contribution needs to be distinguishable. In external winds, the line is not thermally excited and instead results from the dissociation of OH, and we study how the line luminosity resulting from that process scales with the disc/environmental parameters. We find that the line luminosity increases dramatically with FUV radiation field strength above around 5000 G0. The predicted luminosities from our models are consistent with measurements of the line luminosity of proplyds in the Orion Nebula Cluster. The high luminosity in strong UV environments alone may act as a diagnostic, but a rise in the [O i]-to-accretion luminosity ratio is predicted to better separate the two contributions. This could provide a means of identifying external photoevaporation in distant clusters where the proplyd morphology of evaporating discs cannot be spatially resolved.
Marino Sanudo
Authors: Fletcher Stella
Published: November 2022

The diarist and historian Marino Sanudo is known as “il Giovane” to distinguish him from the eponymous geographer (d. 1343), both of whom can be found in appropriate Reference Works, whereas only the younger is profiled in the Overview in the present article. There is no monograph-length biography of the younger Marino, though steps can be taken Toward a Life of Sanudo. He was born into the Venetian patriciate in 1466, acquired a humanist education in Venice, and devoted himself to letters—rather than to academic studies—in the university city of Padua. His interest in current affairs, combined with the opportunity to accompany his cousin on an official tour of the Terraferma, resulted in two works—Commentarii della guerra di Ferrara and Itinerarium—that set the tone for the remainder of his literary career. His subject matter became more political as he approached political maturity, membership of the Great Council (Maggior Consiglio), and held a succession of public offices. Thus De origine, situ et magistratibus urbis venetae and Le vite dei dogi both celebrate the unique features of Venetian government, administration, and society. As he finished work on the lives of the doges, the French invasion of Italy in 1494 provided Sanudo with a new subject, the conflict in which all the major Italian states became embroiled. For present purposes, the resulting text is paired with a short one of 1502–1503: La spedizione di Carlo VIII and Descriptione de la patria de Friul. The current affairs related in La spedizione finish at the point when those recorded in I diarii begin. La spedizione was written in a Tuscan form of Italian that could be read with ease by a wide range of people, but the diaries are centered on Venice and written in the Venetian volgare. That fact has generated the analysis found under Text and Language. From 1496 to 1533, Sanudo kept a record of political events, economic developments, and social activities, his interest focused on Venice and its Neighbors, but also extending to More Distant Lands. All the while he continued to hold public offices and to collect an extensive library, both of which have generated brief studies in Journals and Collections of Papers, but his hope of being appointed Venice’s official historian was frustrated by the appointment of Andrea Navagero in 1506. Sanudo died on 4 April 1536. His diaries have exercised a particularly profound influence on modern studies of Renaissance Venice.
Growing Up in the Digital Era
Authors: Eichhorn Kate
Published: November 2022

Since the 1990s, scholars working in disciplines across the humanities, social sciences, law, information studies, and medicine have been investigating what it means to grow up in a digital era. Much of the earliest research published on children and youth in a digital era focused on the potential dangers of digital technologies and online life. Persistent themes included the Internet’s potential to put children and adolescents at risk of being prematurely exposed to pornography, sexual predators, extremist politics, and deviant subcultures. Yet, as American media studies scholar Henry Jenkins observed in an early article on growing up in a digital era published in Radical Teacher, “There has been no point in the twentieth century when childhood was not seen as under threat from one or manifestation of other of mass culture (comic strips, joke books, pulp fiction, radio, comic books, rock music, television, video games, etc.) (p. 33).” Jenkins didn’t simply argue that the moral panic about children’s access to the Internet may be woefully predictable but also suggested that young people’s access to emerging digital technologies and platforms was inevitable and would ultimately prove to be “central to their political participation” (p. 33). By the early 2000s, it was becoming increasingly difficult to ignore Jenkins’ position that there was no way or legitimate reason to stop children and adolescents from exploring the Internet and embracing new digital tools and platforms. As children, tweens, and teens came to dominate many online spaces, including most emerging social media platforms, earlier calls to censor the Internet for minors waned, new concerns and research questions arose, and a more nuanced perspective in growing up in a digital era began to emerge. Although some researchers continue to grapple with the dangers online networks pose to children and adolescents, in the 2020s, there is widespread recognition that digital technologies and platforms have transformed young people’s lives for the better. Indeed, much of the research on growing up in a digital era now focuses on how digital technologies and platforms have given rise to a generation of children and teen influencers, activists, media makers, and entrepreneurs who are using their unprecedented social, political, and even economic capital to reposition young people as critical power brokers in the world.
Trends in Scleral Lens Fitting Practices: 2020 Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practice Evaluation Survey
Authors: Nau Cherie B. , Harthan Jennifer S. , Shorter Ellen S. , Fogt Jennifer S. , Nau Amy C. , Hochwald Alexander P. , Hodge David O. , Schornack Muriel M.
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

To explore trends in demographic characteristics of scleral lens (SL) practitioners and primary indications for SL fitting over 5 years.

Methods:

An online survey similar to the 2015 Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practice Evaluation (SCOPE) study was designed and administered from November 8, 2019, through March 31, 2020, to attendees at two international contact lens meetings, members of the Scleral Lens Education Society, and participants in the 2015 SCOPE study. Practitioners reporting at least five completed SL fits were included in the analysis.

Results:

Of 922 respondents, 777 had fit at least five SLs: 63% from the United States (59 other countries were represented), findings similar to the 2015 survey, in which 799 respondents (72%) were US-based and 49 from other countries. Most practitioners were in community practice (76%) than academic practice (24%). In 2015, 64% were in community practice and 36% in academic practice. A median of 84% of SLs were fit for corneal irregularity, 10% for ocular surface disease, and 2% for uncomplicated refractive error. In comparison, the 2015 indications were 74%, 16%, and 10%, respectively. The median number of fits completed per practitioner was 100 (range, 5–10,000; mean [SD] 284 [717]; n=752). In 2015, the median was 36 (range, 5–3,600; mean [SD] 125 [299]; n=678).

Conclusions:

The number of experienced SL practitioners is increasing, as is international representation. Most practitioners practice in community rather than academic settings. SLs continue to be primarily prescribed for corneal irregularity and are rarely used solely for correction of refractive error.
Multiplexable virus detection by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated strand displacement
Authors: Márquez-Costa Rosa , Montagud-Martínez Roser , Marqués María-Carmen , Heras-Hernández María , Albert Eliseo , Navarro David , Daròs José-Antonio , Ruiz Raúl , Rodrigo Guillermo
Published: November 2022

Recurrent disease outbreaks caused by different viruses, including the novel respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2, are challenging our society at a global scale; so better and handier virus detection methods would enable a faster response. Here, we present a novel nucleic acid detection strategy based on CRISPR-Cas9, whose mode of action relies on strand displacement rather than on collateral catalysis, using theStreptococcus pyogenesCas9 nuclease. Given a pre-amplification process, a suitable molecular beacon interacts with the ternary CRISPR complex upon targeting to produce a fluorescent signal. We show that SARS-CoV-2 DNA amplicons generated from patient samples can be detected with CRISPR-Cas9. Moreover, we show that CRISPR-Cas9 allows the simultaneous detection of different DNA amplicons with the same nuclease, either to detect different SARS-CoV-2 regions or different respiratory viruses. Collectively, this CRISPR-Cas9 R-loop usage for molecular beacon opening (COLUMBO) platform allows a multiplexed detection in a single tube, complements the existing CRISPR-based methods, and displays diagnostic potential.
Evidence that SPIO Chain Formation is Essential for High-Resolution MPI
Authors: Colson Caylin , Fung KL Barry , Bryan Jacob , Tay Zhi Wei , Fellows Benjamin D. , Saayuja Chinmoy , Kuo Renesmee , Chandrasekharan Prashant , Conolly Steven M.
Published: November 2022

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that exploits the saturation properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs). A major thrust of MPI research aims to sharpen the magnetic resolution of biocompatible SPIOs, which will be crucial for affordable and safe clinical translation. We recently reported on a new class of MPI tracers —called superferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SFMIOs) — which offer much sharper magnetic saturation curves. SFMIOs experimentally demonstrate 10-fold improvement inbothresolution and sensitivity. However, superferromagnetism is a relatively unexplored branch of physics and the nanoscale physics and dynamics of SFMIOs remain a mystery. Here we show experimentally that chaining of SPIOs can explain SFMIO’s boost in SNR and resolution. We show how concentration, viscosity, transmit amplitude, and pre-polarization time can all affect SPIO chain formation and SFMIO behavior. These experiments will inform strategies on SFMIO chemical synthesis as well as SFMIO data acquisition pulse sequences.
Ancient and nonuniform loss of olfactory receptor expression renders the shark nose ade factovomeronasal organ
Authors: Syed Adnan S. , Sharma Kanika , Policarpo Maxime , Ferrando Sara , Casane Didier , Korsching Sigrun I.
Published: November 2022

Cartilaginous fishes are renowned for a keen sense of smell, a reputation based on behavioral observations and supported by the presence of large and morphologically complex olfactory organs. At the molecular level, genes belonging to the four families coding for most olfactory receptors in other vertebrates have been identified in a chimera and a shark, but it was unknown whether they actually code for olfactory receptors in these species. Here we describe the evolutionary dynamics of these gene families in cartilaginous fishes using genomes of a chimera, a skate, a sawfish and eight sharks. The number of putative OR, TAAR and V1R/ORA receptors is very low and stable whereas the number of putative V2R/OlfC receptors is higher and much more dynamic. In the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula, we show that many V2R/OlfC receptors are expressed in the olfactory epithelium in the sparsely distributed pattern characteristic for olfactory receptors. In contrast, the other three vertebrate olfactory receptor families are either not expressed (OR) or only represented with a single receptor (V1R/ORA and TAAR). The complete overlap of markers of microvillous olfactory sensory neurons with panneuronal marker HuC in the olfactory organ suggests the same cell type specificity of V2R/OlfC expression as for bony fishes, i.e. in microvillous neurons. The relatively low number of olfactory receptors in cartilaginous fishes compared to bony fishes could be the result of an ancient and constant selection in favor of a high olfactory sensitivity at the expense of a high discrimination capability.
Spatz: the time-of-flight neutron reflectometer with vertical sample geometry at the OPAL research reactor
Authors: Le Brun Anton P. , Huang Tzu-Yen , Pullen Stewart , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Spedding James , Holt Stephen A.
Published: November 2022

The Spatz neutron beam instrument is the second time-of-flight neutron reflectometer to be installed at the OPAL research reactor. The instrument was formerly the V18 BioRef reflectometer at the BER-II reactor in Berlin and was transferred to Australia in 2016. Subsequently the instrument was re-installed in the neutron guide hall of the OPAL reactor at the end position of the CG2B cold-neutron guide and recommissioned. The instrument performance has not been compromised by the move, with reflectivity achieved down to 10−7 and good counting statistics within a reasonable time frame using a wavelength range of 2–20 Å. Several different samples at the solid–air interface and the solid–liquid interface have been measured to demonstrate the instrument's capabilities.
Novel approach to stability analysis of DC drive with parameter uncertainty and perturbation in feedback system
Authors: Gopi Pasala
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze direct current (DC) drive stability, including parameter uncertainty and perturbation in the feedback loop, by computing disk margins.

Design/methodology/approach

Although the closed-loop stability analysis of a DC drive has been presented well in the referenced papers, the effect of parameter uncertainty and perturbation in the feedback loop has not yet been discussed well. In this study, the conventional and disk-based stability margins were measured and compared for the nominal parameters of the DC drive. Subsequently, the smallest disk-based margins that destabilize the feedback loop for a given perturbation are computed and compared with normal disk margins.

Findings

The disk-based margin offered by the DC drive controlled by the JAYA-PID controller is disk gain margins (DGM) = 8.41 dB and disk phase margin (DPM) = 48.410 and the smallest disk-based margin offered is DGM = 1.51 dB and DPM = 9.950. In addition, the effect of the modeled uncertainty on the disk stability margins was analyzed, and it was observed that the maximum allowable parameter uncertainty with the JAYA controller was 73% of its nominal parameters. The simulation results were validated using an experimental testbed.

Originality/value

This research work is not published anywhere else.
Unveiling the impact of YouTube advertising on the cognitive attitude of Indian millennials
Authors: Anubha Anubha , Narang Daviender , Sharma Himanshu
Published: November 2022

Purpose

YouTube (YT) has become a trend among millennials, and thus, marketers are trying to harness the power of it to communicate with them. Global marketers need to understand the mechanism of communicating via YT advertising (YTAD), especially in India that consists of 440 million millennials to re-strategize their YT communications. Consequently, this study aims to examine the influence of YTAD on the cognitive attitude, namely, brand awareness (BA) and brand knowledge (BK) of Indian millennials. The study also tests the moderating impacts of gender, device used for YT watching (DEYTW), duration and frequency of YT watching (DUYTW and FEYTW) on BA and BK.

Design/methodology/approach

Generalized linear model – analysis of variance has been used to investigate the proposed relationships in the study. Responses of 294 Indian millennials who watch YTAD regularly have been used for the final analysis. Moderating effects were also tested using Bonferroni pairwise comparisons.

Findings

The results revealed that YTAD significantly improves the cognitive attitude (BA and BK). However, gender was not found to have any moderating effect in the relationship of YTAD with BA, whereas moderating effects of gender were observed in the relationship of YTAD with BK. Furthermore, other moderators including DEYTW, DUYTW and FEYTW were found to have significant moderating impacts in the above-mentioned relationships.

Practical implications

In a country like India, comprising the largest millennial population of the world who spends a significant portion of their time in watching YT, it becomes crucial for global marketers to understand how the cognitive attitude (i.e. BA and BK) of millennials improves by watching YT advertisements. As it will help them in strategizing their communications on YT to get favourable consumers’ responses like purchase intention and actual purchase that may happen only when people have favourable cognitive attitude towards advertised brands.

Originality/value

The study offers new perspective to the field of communication by investigating the impact of YTAD on the cognitive attitude (i.e. BA and BK) of Indian millennials.
Contemporary spiritual seeking: understanding information interactions in contemplation and spirituality
Authors: Nangia Pranay , Ruthven Ian
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Discussions in contemporary spirituality frequently highlight a phenomenon of spiritual seeking; moreover, people often describe their spiritual journeys in terms of a search. This paper takes a closer look at this metaphor by presenting a study that analysed spiritual seeking and its informational features in contemporary non-institutionalised settings.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen spiritual teachers and speakers who were asked questions about spiritual seeking in contemporary non-institutionalised spirituality.

Findings

The authors' participants explained that contemporary spiritual seekers sought spiritual information as a result of affective, developmental and metaphysical concerns. Moreover, their analysis indicated that spiritual information-seeking behaviour incorporated practices such as prayer, yoga and meditation, and contemporary spiritual information interactions were facilitated through spiritual retreats, meditation classes, yoga classes and online social platforms.

Research limitations/implications

Since the authors focused on spiritual seeking in contemporary non-institutionalised settings, their findings cannot exhaustively represent all spiritual pursuits in contemporary society. Their study (1) identifies the informational features of contemporary spiritual seeking, (2) explains spiritual seeking as an activity that may theoretically reside within a broader framework of profound information interactions and (3) helps theorise the concept of qualitative profundity in information science research.

Originality/value

This study provides an intuitive contextual approach for undertaking information research in under-explored domains such as contemplation and spirituality.
Duty to all: exploring the role of moral duty in the development of adaptive apparel design innovations
Authors: McBee-Black Kerri
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to gain an in-depth and contextualized understanding of what impacted Scheier's commitment to addressing the apparel challenges of people with disabilities (PWDs) and how moral duty may have played a role in developing the adaptive design innovations used in the first-of-its-kind adaptive children's wear line.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this goal, the study used the duty orientation (DO) theory and the social model of disability (SMD) theory to conduct a case study investigating Mindy Scheier's commitment to addressing the apparel challenges facing PWDs.

Findings

The result of the case study revealed three dominant themes that aligned with the DO theory: (a) duty to all PWDs, (b) duty to sacrifice and fight against all odds and (c) duty to solve the apparel challenges facing PWDs. Using the DO and the SMD theories, the themes illustrated how moral duty impacted Scheier's sacrifice and feeling of personal responsibility to address and solve the apparel challenges facing all PWDs.

Originality/value

This study demonstrated how the DO theory contextualized the launch of adaptive apparel into the mainstream fashion industry and how the apparel industry seems to have transitioned from a medical model of disability approach to an SMD to address the apparel needs of PWDs.
Personalization and customization in fashion: searching for a definition
Authors: Nobile Tekila Harley , Cantoni Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to reach an in-depth understanding of personalization and its components by developing a comprehensive definition of the concept in fashion. Moreover, it aims to clarify the open debate of the use of the terms personalization and customization.

Design/methodology/approach

The Delphi method was utilized for this study in order to collect the opinions of experts. This method is considered appropriate for reaching consensus among experts regarding a topic that is subject to debate.

Findings

The study provides a definition of personalization in fashion which is relevant in the current digital context, and it identifies the building components of the concept. By developing a definition of personalization, it also clarifies the meaning of customization in fashion and suggests a possible explanation for the use of the different terminologies among experts.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the personalization and customization debate by providing an expert perspective on the topics specific to the fashion industry and by offering insights into open debates that have limited its advancement. The definition represents an interesting theoretical contribution and offers avenues for further research. Moreover, it can be applied by fashion practitioners to guide the development of personalization strategies.
Heuristics in the wild: exploring fund manager decisions through the COVID pandemic
Authors: Gilcher Daniel
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a novel explorative perspective on fund managers’ decisions under uncertainty. The current COVID pandemic is used as a unique reference frame to study how heuristics are used in institutional financial practice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows a grounded theory approach. A total of 282 diverse publications between October 2019 and October 2020 for 20 German mutual funds are qualitatively analyzed. A theory of adaptive heuristics for fund managers is developed.

Findings

Fund managers adapt their heuristics during a crisis and this adaptive process flows through three stages. Increasing complexity in the environment leads to the adaption of simplest heuristics around investment decisions. Three distinct stages of adaption: precrisis, uncertainty and stabilization emerge from the data.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s data is based on publicly available information. There might be a discrepancy between publicly stated and internal reasoning.

Practical implications

Money managers can use the provided framework to assess their decision-making in crises. The developed adaptive processes of heuristics can assist capital allocators who choose and rate fund managers. Policymakers and regulators can learn about the aspects of investor decisions that their actions and communication address. Teaching can use this study to exemplify the nature of financial markets as adaptive systems rather than static structures.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s/authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically explore the heuristics of professional money managers because they navigate a large-scale exogenous crisis.
Faculty perceptions on (implicit) bias during the graduate admission review process
Authors: Pieper Brandy , Krsmanovic Masha
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether implicit bias exists within the graduate admissions process at a large public research university in the Southeast United States. Additionally, this research sought to identify the type of strategies graduate faculty in the USA use to assess their implicit bias and the support they may need to better recognize and gauge implicit bias during the graduate application review process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the use of a qualitative, phenomenological research design by conducting individual interviews with graduate faculty members that serve on admissions committees.

Findings

The findings revealed six themes in relation to the purpose of the study – bias recognition, faculty perceptions of their own bias, faculty perceptions on the bias of others, strategies for the application review process, admission committee safeguards and the need for implicit bias training.

Originality/value

The study outcomes are discussed in relation to the prior research and literature on this phenomenon. Additionally, the study presents research and practical implications, including actionable strategies for how its results can be practically applied.
Eco‐anxiety in everyday life: facing the anxiety and fear of a degraded Earth in analytic work
Authors: Foster Stephen J.
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on eco‐anxiety, an over‐arching term used to describe anxiety caused by the climate crisis and the impacts of environmental contamination, environmental disasters, species extinctions and ecological system degradation. A brief literature review of eco‐anxiety is provided from both psychoanalytic and Jungian perspectives which includes a discussion of Jung’s view of our split with nature, displacement anxiety, precarity, climate change denial, and anticipatory anxiety. The author draws on his own theory of what he calls the Nature archetype to explicate the psychological changes brought about by our environmental crisis that cause increased anxiety, depression, PTSD and which, sometimes, lead to suicide. Two clinical vignettes are provided. The first shows how eco‐complexes cluster around and interweave with generalized anxiety disorder, and the way in which eco‐anxiety can be incorporated into a fusional complex that draws the analyst into a fusional field experienced as a state of connection and disconnection over both personal and collective material. The second vignette illustrates the way in which eco‐complexes, eco‐anxiety and environmental issues are interwoven with an early childhood abuse history.
What factors help and hinder efforts to address incivility in Australasian emergency departments? A modified Delphi study of FACEM perspectives
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Skinner Clare , Wilson Samuel
Published: November 2022

Objective

Workplace incivility is a global challenge for healthcare and a major leadership challenge facing emergency physicians. However, little is known about emergency physicians' understanding of the factors that help and hinder attempts to address incivility, or what emergency physicians believe are the priority factors to address. The present study makes a novel contribution to research in this area by examining the perceived enablers of, and barriers to, efforts to address incivility in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand EDs.

Methods

An online modified Delphi study was conducted with 22 FACEMs. To structure the process, participants were sorted into four panels. Using a three‐phase Delphi process, participants were guided through the process of brainstorming, narrowing down and ranking the factors that help and hinder attempts to address incivility in EDs.

Results

There was general agreement that FACEMs' cross‐department relationships and networks were key helping factors, and that poor workplace culture and time pressure were major hindering factors. However, despite agreement about these three factors, a wide range of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and organisational factors were identified as pertinent to attempts to address incivility in EDs.

Conclusion

The causes of incivility in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand EDs are complex and highlight incivility in EDs as a key adaptive leadership challenge of emergency physicians. Fundamentally, the results underscore the need to foster a workplace culture of respect, inclusion and civility in Australasian hospitals.
Predictors of hospital readmission for patients diagnosed with delirium: An electronic health record data analysis
Authors: Friedrich Michaela‐Elena , Perera Gayan , Leutgeb Lisa , Haardt David , Frey Richard , Stewart Robert , Mueller Christoph
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Delirium is an acute and fluctuating change in attention and cognition that increases the risk of functional decline, institutionalisation and death in hospitalised patients. After delirium, patients have a significantly higher risk of readmission to hospital. Our aim was to investigate factors associated with hospital readmission in people with delirium.

Methods

We carried out an observational retrospective cohort study using linked mental health care and hospitalisation records from South London. Logistic regression models were used to predict the odds of 30‐day readmission and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate readmission risks when not restricting follow‐up time.

Results

Of 2814 patients (mean age 78.9 years SD ±11.8) discharged from hospital after an episode of delirium, 823 (29.3%) were readmitted within 30 days. Depressed mood (odds ratio (OR) 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.66)), moderate‐to‐severe physical health problems (OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.18–2.2.36)) and a history of serious circulatory disease (OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.07–1.55)) were associated with higher odds of hospital readmission, whereas a diagnosis of delirium superimposed on dementia (OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53–0.84)) and problematic alcohol/substance (OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.33–0.89)) use were associated with lower odds. Cox proportionate hazard models showed similar results.

Conclusion

Almost one‐third of patients with delirium were readmitted within a short period of time, a more detailed understanding of the underlying risk factors could help prevent readmissions. Our findings indicate that the aetiology (as alcohol‐related delirium), the recognition that delirium occurred in the context of dementia, as well as potentially modifiable factors, as depressed mood affect readmission risk, and should be assessed in clinical settings.
Effects of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed meal solid‐state fermentation on the growth, metabolism, and immunity of yellow‐feathered broilers
Authors: Liu Jiancheng , Luo Yuanqin , Zhang Xiaoyang , Gao Yan , Zhang Wenju
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of bioactive peptides derived from solid‐state fermentation of cottonseed meal on the growth performance, apparent dietary digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, protein metabolism, antioxidant activity, and immunity in yellow‐feathered broilers. A total of two hundred forty 21‐days‐old male broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group. The control group received a basal diet and three experimental groups were fed diets with 1%, 2%, and 3% cottonseed meal bioactive peptides (CSBP) replacing equivalent protein of cottonseed meal in basic diet. Dietary supplementation of 2% and 3% CSBP increased the average daily weight gain, crude protein digestibility, total serum protein, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G contents in serum (P < 0.05). The 3% CSBP increased albumin, total antioxidant capacity, spleen weight/bodyweight, interleukin‐6, and IgM, while reducing the feed to gain ratio, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde contents in serum (P < 0.05). The 2% CSBP diet increased PepT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (P < 0.05). The 1%, 2%, and 3% CSBP diets increased S6kinase‐polypeptide‐1 and inositol‐3‐hydroxylase expression in chest and leg muscles (P < 0.05). The CSBP addition in diets can improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, protein metabolism, antioxidant, and immune capabilities of yellow‐feathered broilers.
Targeting CCL5 signaling attenuates neuroinflammation after seizure
Authors: Zhang Zhuoran , Li Yan , Jiang Shihe , Shi Fu‐Dong , Shi Kaibin , Jin Wei‐Na
Published: November 2022

Background

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Accumulating evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that neuroinflammation exacerbates seizure activity.

Methods

We investigated the transcriptional changes occurring in specific brain domains of a seizure mouse model, using 10× Genomics spatial transcriptomics. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis were applied to investigate potential signaling targets for seizure, including CCL5/CCR5 pathway. Maraviroc, an FDA‐approved C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist, was used to verify the impact of CCL5/CCR5 signaling in seizure mice.

Results

We found distinguished regional transcriptome features in the hippocampus of seizure mice. The hippocampus exhibited unique inflammatory gene signatures, including glia activation, apoptosis, and immune response in seizure mice. Especially, we observed notable expression of C‐C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) throughout the entire seizure hippocampus. Blockade of CCL5/CCR5 signaling via maraviroc prevented microglia activation and neuron degeneration in seizure mice.

Conclusions

This study supports the potential of CCL5/CCR5 signaling for targeting neuroinflammation after seizure.
Global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder in dystrophinopathies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pascual‐Morena Carlos , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Jiménez‐López Estela , Saz‐Lara Alicia , Martínez‐García Irene , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: November 2022

Aim

To estimate the global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) and the IDD prevalence–genotype association in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) according to the affected isoforms of the DMD gene: Dp427, Dp140, Dp71.

Method

Systematic searches in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted from inception of each database to March 2022. Observational studies that determined the prevalence of IDD in the population with BMD or DMD were included. Meta‐analyses of IDD prevalence and prevalence ratios of the IDD–genotype association were conducted.

Results

Forty‐nine studies were included. The prevalence of IDD in BMD was 8.0% (95% confidence interval 5.0–11.0), and in DMD it was 22.0% (18.0–27.0). Meta‐analyses of IDD–genotype association showed a deleterious association between IDD and the number of isoforms affected in DMD, with a prevalence ratio = 0.43 (0.28–0.64) and 0.17 (0.09–0.34) for Dp140+/Dp71+ versus Dp140−/Dp71+ and Dp140+/Dp71+ versus Dp140−/Dp71− comparisons respectively. However, in BMD, there was no association for Dp140+/Dp71+ versus Dp140−/Dp71+.

Interpretation

There is a high prevalence of IDD in BMD and DMD. Moreover, the number of isoforms affected is strongly and negatively associated with the prevalence of IDD in DMD.

What this paper adds

The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) was 8% in Becker muscular dystrophy and 22% in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

The global prevalence of IDD in DMD was 12%, 29%, and 84% in participants with Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+, Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+, and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71− genotypes respectively.

In DMD, 12% and 22% of participants had abnormal performance IQ and verbal IQ values respectively.
‘It's just a natural human thing to do, to go and visit your family… but it's not easy for us’: Gender and generation in Bangladeshis’ transnational visits between London and Sylhet
Authors: Miah Md Farid , King Russell
Published: November 2022

In the title to this paper, Maya, a British‐Bangladeshi woman, expresses her frustration at the refusal of the Home Office to grant her father in Sylhet a visa to come and fulfil his role as family head at the wedding of his son, Maya's brother, in London. The case illustrates well the intersection of gender and generation that fundamentally shapes the pattern of visits, in both directions, across this long‐distance transnational social and family space. Bangladesh is a patriarchal society, with marked gender divisions layered across generations, which are largely reproduced among the migrant community in London and are manifested, in various ways, in the phenomenon of transnational visiting. Based on 61 in‐depth interviews in London and Sylhet, supplemented by participant observation, we delineate the gendered and generational structures framing the visits, both of migrants to the homeland and of non‐migrants to their relatives in London.
Anticipating prison face work: Dramaturgical risks anticipated by correctional officer recruits
Authors: Adorjan Michael , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: November 2022

There is increasing recognition that correctional officers (COs) serve a crucial role in their work in relation to communications underpinning discretion, especially regarding interactions with prisoners. This article examines attitudes and perceptions among Canadian federal correctional officer recruits (CORs) regarding what they anticipate are the greatest challenges they will face as new COs. We examine these discussions through the framework of Goffman's dramaturgical model of face work, especially face work within the ‘total institution’ of prisons. Our findings centre on anticipated challenges of building rapport with prisoners, including the requirements to monitor one's demeanour and ‘face work’. Characterisations of prisoners as inherently manipulative factor into CO anticipations of interactional challenges. We also consider the role that ‘soft power’ has in facilitating CO‐prisoner rapport and trust, which, we argue, ultimately undergirds opportunities in prisons to facilitate prisoner social change and successful community reintegration and desistance from crime.
Biomarker diversity in increased inflammation: Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome vs. systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Bozgul Sukriye Miray Kilincer , Ak Gunes , Soyer Nur Akad , Barutcuoglu Burcu , Mercan Erman , Acar Caner , Yetişken Merve , Hekimgil Mine , Bozkurt Devrim
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) share similar clinical findings as a result of hyperinflammation. Due to high mortality rates in HPS; it is critical to diagnose promptly. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of inflammatory markers in these two increased inflammatory states.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study including patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Internal Medicine Department of Ege University Hospital.

Results

Thirty‐three patients with HPS and 46 patients with SIRS were evaluated. Serum ferritin and sIL‐2r levels were significantly higher in the HPS group than in the SIRS group, as expected. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cutoff for ferritin to distinguish HPS from SIRS was 1703 μg/L (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 94.1%, area under the curve (AUC): 0.871, p < 0.001), and that for sIL‐2r was 5888 U/ml (sensitivity: 45.5%, specificity: 89.1%, AUC: 0.698, and p = 0.001). Temporal changes (Δ) in ferritin were determined as a mortality predictor. When evaluated in terms of prognostic significance in ROC analysis, a decrease in ferritin of less than 38% was the cutoff value (sensitivity: 92.3%, specificity: 76.9%, AUC: 0.888, and p < 0.001), in mortality. Contrarily, neither baseline nor temporal change in sIL‐2r did not achieve prognostic significance as a mortality predictor.

Conclusion

In this single‐center study, serum ferritin level was found to be a particularly more valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker than sIL‐2r in patients with HPS.
Treatment of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: clinical practice update from the Myeloma Foundation of Australia Medical and Scientific Advisory Group
Authors: Talaulikar Dipti , Joshua Douglas , Ho Phoebe Joy , Gibson John , Quach Hang , Gibbs Simon , Ling Silvia , Ward Christopher , Augustson Bradley M. , Trotman Judith , Harrison Simon J. , Tam Constantine S. ,   the Medical and Scientific Advisory Group, Myeloma Australia
Published: November 2022

Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an indolent B‐cell malignancy characterised by the presence of IgM paraprotein, bone marrow infiltration by clonal small B lymphocytes with plasmacytic differentiation and the MYD88 L265P mutation in >90% of cases. Traditionally, WM has been treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in WM, both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. There is emerging evidence on the use of other agents including B‐cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors and on the treatment of rare presentations of WM. In this update, the Medical and Scientific Advisory Group of Myeloma Australia reviews the available evidence on the treatment of WM since the last publication in 2017 and provides specific recommendations to assist Australian clinicians in the management of this disease.
Childhood accidents in a New Zealand birth cohort
Authors: MA A. L. Beautrais , Fergusson D. M. , Shannon F. T.
Published: November 2022

The incidence of chiidhood accidents during the age period from one to four years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zeaiand children. Medical attendance for childhood accidents was common with 49.5% of the cohort making one attendance and 19% making two or more attendances before the age of four. While the majority (66%) of accidents were minor lacerations, abrasions and contusions, 9% of all accidents resulted in hospital admission. Risk factors associated with accidents included: the family experiencing a large number of significant life events during the period from one to four years, low maternal educational level and the child being male. However, while these factors are similar to those found in previous studies, it is concluded that the scope for reducing childhood accidents by modifying these risk factors is very limited. A more fruitful approach to childhood accident prevention is through the design of the child's environment in a way which minimises the impact of variations in parental care and child activity levels on the risk of childhood accidents.
Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia in childhood
Authors: Vowels M. R. , Lam‐Po‐Tang R. , Heller E. , Mameghan H. , Oliver L. , Alexander I. , Ziegler J. , Hughes D. O'Gorman
Published: November 2022

This report describes the first successful bone marrow transplantation on a child with acute ieukaemia in Australia. A nine‐year‐old boy while in his fifth bone marrow remission received a bone marrow transpiant from his brother following “supralethal” treatment with cyclophosphamide (60mg/kg on two successive days) and totai body irradiation to a dose of 840‐1040 rads. (8.4‐10.4Gy). The subsequent course was complicated by fever for 11 days and a ciinicaliy miid cytomegalovirus infection. Bone marrow reconstitution occurred from day 11 post transplant. Currently, 39 months later the child remains well, with a normal functioning bone marrow of donor origin, is free of leukaemia and is off all treatment.

Review of the literature indicates that bone marrow transplantation is a potentially valuable form of treatment for acute leukaemia in children once bone marrow relapse has occurred and when an histocompatible sibling is available. Survival following transplantation is significantly better if transplantation is performed during bone marrow remission as opposed to relapse. In such circumstances it offers a better potential for long term survival compared to conventional drug therapy.
Strangulation of an umbilical hernia in a child of six months
Authors: Auldist Alex W. , Lugg Peter
Published: November 2022

A child of six months of age with a strangulated umbilical hernia is reported. This is an unusuai complication, and thus despite this report we continue to advise non‐surgical treatment of umbilical herniae before the age of two years.
Microclimate shifts in nest‐boxes and natural cavities throughout reproduction
Authors: Sudyka Joanna , Di Lecce Irene , Szulkin Marta
Published: November 2022

Animals breeding in nest‐boxes experience nesting environments in which they did not originally evolve. Despite the central importance of nesting microclimate for offspring fitness, little is known about the thermal properties of human‐provided nest sites compared to natural ones. In particular, comparisons with offspring in the nest are lacking. Here, we compare microclimate (temperature and absolute humidity) from the onset of breeding, thus starting with nest‐site choice and ending with the post‐fledging stage, quantified in natural cavities and nest‐boxes used by several species of hollow‐nesting birds in a temperate deciduous forest. We confirm that across all nesting stages, nest‐boxes were thermally unstable when compared to natural cavities, with higher temperature maximums, larger amplitudes and worse insulation from maximum ambient temperatures relative to natural cavities. Surprisingly, as average humidity of natural cavities was previously shown to be higher than in nest‐boxes, in the presence of actively thermoregulating young, nest‐boxes were more humid than natural cavities. When offspring were in the nest, internal microclimatic shifts were mitigated three times more effectively in natural cavities than in nest‐boxes (in terms of mean daily differences from ambient temperature). Artificial cavity microclimate is likely to amplify the adverse effects of projected temperature increases by compromising thermoregulation of developing animals. We stress that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of areas offering natural breeding‐hollows to reduce the potential impacts of climate change on breeding animals.
Application of T‐cell receptor repertoire as a novel monitor in dynamic tracking and assessment: A cohort‐study based on RA patients
Authors: Yang Peiqing , He Yijing , Qing Pingying , Xu Wangdong , Xie Dan , Cazier Jean‐Baptiste , Liu Xiao , Varnai Csilla , Zhou Yi , Zhao Yi , Tang Huairong , Yin Xiaoming , Liu Yi
Published: November 2022

T‐cell receptor repertoire (TCRR) sequencing has been widely applied in many fields as a novel tool. This study explored characteristics of TCRR in detail with a cohort of 598 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients before and after anti‐rheumatic treatments. We highlighted the abnormal TCRR distribution in RA characterized by decreased diversity and increased proportion of hyperexpanded clones (HECs), which was potentially attributed to skewed usage of global V/J segments but not a few certain ones. Enriched motifs analysis in RA community demonstrated the huge heterogeneity of CDR3 sequences, so that individual factors are strongly recommended to be taken into consideration when it comes to clinical application of TCRR. Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can regulate immune system through recovery of TCRR richness to relieve symptoms. Remarkably, sensitive gene profile and advantageous gene profile were identified in this study as new biomarkers for different DMARDs regimens.