bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative application of a novel di-d-fructofuranose 1,2′:2,3′-dianhydride hydrolase (DFA-IIIase) from Duffyella gerundensis A4 to burdock root to improve nutrition
Authors: Yu Shuhuai , Wang Zhenlong , Li Qiting , Wang Tong , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2023

Application of a novel difructose anhydride hydrolase from Duffyella gerundensis A4 in burdock root to improve nutrition.
Recycling of polyurethanes: where we are and where we are going
Authors: Rossignolo Gabriele , Malucelli Giulio , Lorenzetti Alessandra
Published: December 2023

Polyurethanes (PUs) represent a family of useful synthetic polymers (thermoplastic or thermosetting) obtained from diisocyanates and diols/polyols via polycondensation reactions.
Sustainable dyeing of silk using an acetylshikonin-based natural colourant from the lichenParmotrema perlatum
Authors: Roychowdhury Rupsa , Maiti Saptarshi , Adivarekar Ravindra V. , Singhal Rekha S.
Published: December 2023

A purple natural dye, primarily composed of acetylshikonin and methyl ester of nogalonic acid, was optimally extracted from the lichenParmotrema perlatumby an ammonia fermentation method (AFM) using response surface methodology.
Dependence of copper(i) stability on long-range electromagnetic effects of Au under reducing atmospheres: the size effect of Au cores
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Haitao , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yin , Wang Hao , Ban Lijun , Xu Yixuan , Zhao Yongxiang
Published: December 2023

The intensity of long-range electromagnetic effects is influenced by the Au core particle size, resulting in an influence on the stability of Cu+ under reducing atmospheres and the catalytic performance.
Atomic structure and water arrangement on K-feldspar microcline (001)
Authors: Dickbreder Tobias , Sabath Franziska , Reischl Bernhard , Nilsson Rasmus V. E. , Foster Adam S. , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika
Published: December 2023

Investigating the water structure at the K-feldspar microcline (001) surface is a prerequisite for understanding fundamental surface processes.
Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of covalent organic framework-based composites
Authors: Ma Mingxuan , Yang Yonghao , Huang Zhonghua , Huang Fuhong , Li Quanliang , Liu Hongyu
Published: December 2023

This review article summarizes strategies for constructing covalent organic framework-based composites and the recent applications in sensing, extraction, membrane separation, chromatographic separation and catalysis.
Effect of metal dopants on the electrochromic performance of hydrothermally-prepared tungsten oxide materials
Authors: Thummavichai Kunyapat , Nguyen Thi Hai Quyen , Longo Giulia , Qiang Dayuan , Zoppi Guillaume , Schlettwein Derck , Maiello Pietro , Fleck Nicole , Wang Nannan , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: December 2023

We investigated the effects of niobium, gadolinium and erbium doping on tungsten oxide using a single-step solvothermal technique. The findings suggest that metal doping can significantly advance electrochromic glass technology, potentially transforming energy efficiency in buildings.
Rationale design and synthesis of new apoptotic thiadiazole derivatives targeting VEGFR-2: computational andin vitrostudies
Authors: Elgammal Walid E. , Elkady Hazem , Mahdy Hazem A. , Husein Dalal Z. , Alsfouk Aisha A. , Alsfouk Bshra A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Eissa Ibrahim H.
Published: December 2023

This work presents the synthesis andin vitro, andin silicoanalyses of new thiadiazole derivatives that are designed to mimic the pharmacophoric characteristics of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors.
The distinguishable-particle lattice model of glasses in three dimensions
Authors: Li Bo , Lee Chun-Shing , Gao Xin-Yuan , Deng Hai-Yao , Lam Chi-Hang
Published: December 2023

A plausible lattice model for glasses termed the distinguishable-particle lattice model is extended to three dimensions. Extensive numerical simulations show that this model exhibits many interesting glassy behaviors.
Tuning phase structures of in situ polymerized elastomeric electrolytes via monomer structure engineering for achieving high stability in solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Kwon Seung Ho , Lee Michael J. , Han Junghun , Min Ju Hong , Kim Seongmin , Kim Se Young , Park Jinseok , Lee Eunji , Lee Seung Woo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: December 2023

We develop a series of elastomeric electrolytes with different phase structures, optimizing lithium-ion conductivity and mechanical properties for the stable operation of lithium metal batteries.
Multi-mode mechanoluminescence of fluoride glass ceramics from rigid to flexible media toward multi-scene mechanical sensors
Authors: Song Yingdan , Xiao Jianqiang , Zhao Lei , Liu Zhichao , Ling Yami , Yan Yingjuan , Xu Yixuan , Yakovlev Alexey·Nikolaevich , Hu Tingting , Cherkasova Tatiana Grigorievna , Xu Qiang , Wang Canjun , Xu Xuhui
Published: December 2023

First time dual-mode mechanoluminescence in fluoride glass ceramics, transitioning from rigid to flexible media for versatile mechanical sensing.
A low-cost, low-input method establishment for m6A MeRIP-seq
Authors: Xia Wenjuan , Guo Ling , Su Huapeng , Li Jincheng , Lu Jiafeng , Li Hong , Huang Boxian
Published: December 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent modification found in mammal mRNA molecules that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular function. m6A RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) has been frequently used in transcriptomics research to identify the location of m6A. MABE572 (Millipore) is the most widely utilized and efficient anti-m6A antibody for MeRIP-seq. However, due to the high dose and price of this antibody, which has also been taken off the market, we discovered that CST's anti-m6A antibody can be used instead of MABE572 to map the m6A transcriptome. In the present study, we performed different concentrations of the CST anti-m6A antibodies with the corresponding initiation RNA of HEK293T cells, 2.5 μg antibody with 1 μg total RNA, 1.25 μg antibody with 0.5 μg total RNA, and 1.25 μg antibody with 0.1 μg total RNA. By comparing the m6A peak calling, enriched motifs, alternative splicing events, and nuclear transcripts modified by m6A between the CST and Millipore libraries, it was found that the CST library presented similar data to Millipore, even at incredibly low doses. The volume and cost of antibodies are significantly reduced by this refined MeRIP-seq using CST antibody, making it convenient to map future large-scale sample m6A methylation.
Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink augments insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia but not whole-body protein turnover or muscle protein synthesis versus oral administration
Authors: Pavis George F. , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. , Dirks Marlou L.
Published: December 2023

Nasogastric feeding of protein-rich liquids is a nutritional support therapy that attenuates muscle mass loss. However, whether administration via a nasogastric tube per se augments whole-body or muscle protein anabolism compared with oral administration is unknown. Healthy participants were administered a protein-rich drink (225 ml containing 21 g protein) orally (ORAL; n=13; age 21 ± 1 year; BMI 22.2 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) or via a nasogastric tube (NG; n=13; age 21 ± 1 yr; BMI 23.9 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) in a parallel group design, balanced for sex. L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[3,3-2H2]-tyrosine were infused to measure postabsorptive and postprandial whole-body protein turnover. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at −120, 0, 120 and 300 min relative to drink administration to quantify temporal myofibrillar fractional synthetic rates (myoFSR). Drink administration increased serum insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations, and to a greater extent and duration in NG versus ORAL (all interactions P<0.05). Drink administration increased whole-body protein synthesis (P<0.01), suppressed protein breakdown (P<0.001), and created positive net protein balance (P<0.001), but to a similar degree in ORAL and NG (interactions P>0.05). Drink administration increased myoFSR from the postabsorptive state (P<0.01), regardless of route of administration in ORAL and in NG (interaction P>0.05). Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink induces insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia to a greater extent than oral administration, but the postprandial increase in whole-body protein turnover and muscle protein synthesis was equivalent between administration routes. Nasogastric administration is a potent intervention to increase postprandial amino acid availability. Future work should assess its utility in overcoming impaired sensitivity to protein feeding, such as that seen in ageing, disuse, and critical care.
Regional disparities and dynamic evolution of competitiveness of marine fish aquaculture industry − A study of China
Authors: Cao Xun , Shen Xin
Published: December 2023

China has emerged as a major player in marine fish aquaculture, contributing significantly to economic, social, and environmental development. Analyzing the competitive evolution pattern of regional marine aquaculture is critical to promote the synergistic development of this industry. The “vertical and horizontal” scatter degree method was employed to examine the dynamic evolution trend and spatial non-equilibrium of the competitiveness level of marine fish aquaculture in nine Chinese provinces and cities. Using the σ-convergence model and absolute β-convergence model, the evolution of absolute differences was characterized. The study reveals the existence of stage and regional characteristics of marine fish aquaculture in the nine provinces and cities, with an observable gradient effect. The overall difference is observed to decrease, indicating a trend towards regional synergistic development in the marine fish aquaculture industry. This finding holds practical significance and theoretical value in promoting the growth of the industry.
Production characteristics of red napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. red) on different combination of soil and vermicompost as planting media
Authors: Aprilia Rizka Muizu , Hayati Annisa Dian , Annisah Raihanah Ragillia , Sulistyo Hanief Eko , Hermanto Hermanto , Subagiyo Ifar
Published: December 2023

This study aimed at measuring production characteristics of Red Napier grass grown on planting media comprising different combinations of soil and vermicompost. The experiment was executed in greenhouse following completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e. T0: 100% soil (control), T1: 75% soil + 25% vermicompost, T2: 50% soil + 50% vermicompost, T3: 25% soil + 75% vermicompost and T4: 100% vermicompost. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The soil and vermicompost proportion were from 20 kg total planting media filled in polybags on which the grass stem cuttings were planted. Harvest was done 90 days after planting. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance and least significant difference test. The results showed that treatments did not significantly affect (P>0.05) plant height, but significantly affect (P<0.05) leaf to stem ratio and very significantly affect (P<0.01) number of tillers, number of leaves, and nutrient production of stem, leaf and herbage. Highest production of dry matter was obtained at the treatment of T3.
Analysis system dynamic of chicken egg production system: Case in West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Yuzaria Dwi , Fitrimawati Fitrimawati , Ikhsan Rias Muhammad
Published: December 2023

A policy study is needed to guide the planning process to develop a sustainable agropolitan area for laying hens in Limapuluh Kota Regency. This research aims to design a policy for developing sustainable laying hen businesses through modeling the chicken egg production system. The dynamic systems approach was used to determine the production system for chicken egg production, which consists of two sub-systems: the layer chicken population sub-system and the business profit sub-system. Each sub-system interacts dynamically based on time. The research results reveal that the chicken egg production model in Limapuluh Kota Regency is accurate and can be used for decision-making activities. The model and its development can help determine the direction of chicken egg production policy to be developed into a sustainable agropolitan area. In the future, overall chicken egg production in Limapuluh Kota Regency is likely to increase, leading to an increase in profits for the egg-laying chicken farming business. However, an increase in feed prices without a corresponding increase in egg prices may hamper the rate of increase in egg.
The impact of Sargassum crassifolium brown seaweed flour with lower salt content in diets on internal organ of broilers
Authors: Mahata Maria Endo , Cibro Rohfranco Tua , Rezki Sepri , Zurmiati Zurmiati , Rizal Yose
Published: December 2023

The research aims to determine the effect of Sargassum crassifolium brown seaweed flour in diet,on the internal organs of broiler. Salt content of brown seaweed was decreased by immersion in flowing water for 15 hours. This research used 100 DOC broilers of the Lohman strain. In prestarter (0-1 week of age) period were given commercial diet for adaptation, and at the age of 2 to 6 weeks are given diet containing Sargassum crassifolium brown seaweed flour. The cages used were 20 box cages, and each cage was placed by 5 broilers. The experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 different treatments of Sargassum crassifolium brown seaweed flour (0%, 6%, 12% and 18%) in the diet, and each treatment was repeated 5 times. Measurements were percentage of liver, of pancreas, gizzard, small intestine, and small intestine length (cm). The results showed that the inclusion of the brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium flour in the diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on percentage of liver, small intestine, and the length of the small intestine, but it had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on percentage of pancreatic and gizzard. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium can be given up to a level of 18% in the diet without having a negative effect on the percentage of liver,small intestine and length of the small intestine, and increased the percentage of gizzard and pancreas of broilers.
Qualitative performance of participated cow for progeny test on smallholder dairy farms
Authors: Susilorini Tri Eko , Wahyuni Rini Dwi , Muarifah Hanum , Larasati Rizka , Wicaksono Abimanyu , Indriatmoko Donny Wahyu
Published: December 2023

Dairy cow health status affects to milk production and contributes to the profit in many types of dairy management. Locomotion score has been used to determine the qualitative performance score of dairy cows. Investigations on dairy cow located in Wagir Malang were obtained to assess the qualitative performance of participated cow. Selecting participated cow to assure the potential of superior bull from his pedigree in progeny test. There were 85 dairy cows belongs to the smallholder dairy farmer contributed to this research. The result showed that Chest Width 20.99 ± 2.63 cm; Body Depth 79.58 ± 4.79 cm; Rump Angle -2.59 ± 2.43°; Thurl Width 16.46 ± 1.71 cm; Rear Leg Side View 146.82 ± 6.08°; Rear Leg Rear View 15.96 ± 4.19°; Font Foot Angle 42.94 ± 4.81° and Rear Foot Angle 40.12 ± 5.09°. It can be concluded that the qualitative performance of participated cow shows moderate performance based on the standard performance of FH. It is necessary to select the participated cow to improve milk yield of its pedigree and qualitative performance score can be used as the basis of breeding program.
On the identification and optimization of nonsmooth superposition operators in semilinear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Christof Constantin , Kowalczyk Julia
Published: December 2023

We study an infinite-dimensional optimization problem that aims to identify the Nemytskii operator in the nonlinear part of a prototypical semilinear elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) which minimizes the distance between the PDE-solution and a given desired state. In contrast to previous works, we consider this identification problem in a low-regularity regime in which the function inducing the Nemytskii operator is a-priori only known to be an element of H1loc(ℝ). This makes the studied problem class a suitable point of departure for the rigorous analysis of training problems for learning-informed PDEs in which an unknown superposition operator is approximated by means of a neural network with nonsmooth activation functions (ReLU, leaky-ReLU, etc.). We establish that, despite the low regularity of the controls, it is possible to derive a classical stationarity system for local minimizers and to solve the considered problem by means of a gradient projection method. The convergence of the resulting algorithm is proven in the function space setting. It is also shown that the established first-order necessary optimality conditions imply that locally optimal superposition operators share various characteristic properties with commonly used activation functions: They are always sigmoidal, continuously differentiable away from the origin, and typically possess a distinct kink at zero. The paper concludes with numerical experiments which confirm the theoretical findings.
Recent advances in the long-time analysis of killed degenerate processes and their particle approximation
Authors: Cloez Bertrand , Journel Lucas , Monmarche Pierre , Nectoux Boris , Ramil Mouad
Published: December 2023

We review some recent results of quantitative long-time convergence for the law of a killed Markov process conditioned to survival toward a quasi-stationary distribution, and on the analogous question for the particle systems used in practice to sample these distributions. With respect to the existing literature, one of the novelties of these works is the degeneracy of the underlying process with respect to classical elliptic diffusion, namely it can be a non-elliptic hypoelliptic diffusion, a piecewise deterministic Markov process or an Euler numerical scheme.
Beyond Counting Sheep: Exploring the Link between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Sleep Health
Authors: Jafar Nur K. Abdul , Bennett Christie J. , Moran Lisa J. , Mansfield Darren R.
Published: December 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological sequelae that affects 8 to 13% of reproductive-aged women and 3 to 11% of adolescent girls. Sleep is often compromised in women with PCOS due to increased rates of sleep problems, with the most established problem being obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is highly prevalent in reproductive-aged adult women with PCOS, but not so in adolescence. The international evidence-based PCOS guideline to improve health outcomes in women with PCOS indicated routine screening to identify and alleviate symptoms of OSA. The guidelines, however, did not weigh other multidimensional constructs of sleep health such as sleep disturbances (e.g., sleep quality and quantity), beyond OSA. This is perhaps due to the lack of research and existing mixed findings in the area of PCOS and sleep health. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about OSA and expands further to include the limited knowledge about other sleep problems in PCOS among reproductive-aged women and adolescent girls. We broadly cover the prevalence, risk factors, and mechanisms of sleep problems in PCOS and their relationship with cardiometabolic and psychological health. A brief summary on treatment and intervention strategies for sleep problems in PCOS and future recommendations will be deliberated.
Integrative Analysis of PAIP2B to Identify a Novel Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiang Yaoxian , Wang Li , Cheng Yurong , An Huanjuan , Zhang Chan , Wang Jing , Tong Yingying , Yan Dong
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of gene, Poly A-Binding Protein Interacting Protein 2B (PAIP2B) in pancreatic cancer. We used the gene expression data and clinical information of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database to analyze the expression of PAIP2B in pancreatic cancer samples, and validated the expression of PAIP2B in tumor tissue, using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2B and its possible biological function. A significantly lower level of PAIP2B was observed in pancreatic cancer patients than in controls, and validated by immunohistochemistry. PAIP2B reduced the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and had a significantly high expression in early stage. Patients with lower levels of PAIP2B had a significantly shorter median survival time than those with higher levels. DNA demethylation played an important role in PAIP2B expression. In addition, PAIP2B expression was significantly associated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory resting, macrophages M0, and dendritic cells resting. Our study also found that PAIP2B regulated miRNA function leading to disease progression in pancreatic cancer patients. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2B as a biological link between prognosis and pancreatic cancer, and provided reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2B in pancreatic cancer.
Semantic scope of Indus inscriptions comprising taxation, trade and craft licensing, commodity control and access control: archaeological and script-internal evidence
Authors: Ansumali Mukhopadhyay Bahata
Published: December 2023

This article studies the semantic scope of the yet undeciphered Indus script inscriptions, which are mostly found on tiny seals, sealings, and tablets. Building on previous structural analyses, which reveal that Indus script was semasiographic and/or logographic in nature, this study analyses the combinatorial patterns of Indus script signs, and the geographical distribution of the inscriptions, to establish that the inscriptions did not encode any proper noun, such as anthroponyms, toponyms, or names of specific organizations. Analyzing various archaeological contexts of the inscribed objects—e.g., seals found concentrated near city gates (e.g., Harappa), craft workshops (e.g., Chanhu-daro), and public buildings (e.g., Mohenjo-daro), often along with standardized Indus weights that were used for taxation; sealings attached to various storage containers and locking systems of “warehouse” chambers as indicated by their reverse-side impressions (e.g., the sealings of Lothal “warehouse”); inscribed sealing-pendants of Kanmer, conjectured to be passports/gate-passes by archaeologists; and seals with identical inscriptions often found from distant settlements—this study claims that the inscribed stamp-seals were primarily used for enforcing certain rules involving taxation, trade/craft control, commodity control and access control. Considering typological and functional differences between the seals and tablets, and analyzing certain numerical and metrological notations ("Image missing", "Image missing", "Image missing", "Image missing") typically found at the reverse sides of many two-sided tablets whose obverse sides contain seal-like inscriptions, this study argues that such tablets were possibly trade/craft/commodity-specific licenses issued to tax-collectors, traders, and artisans. These reverse-side tablet inscriptions possibly encoded certain standardized license fees for certain fixed license slabs, whereas their obverse-side inscriptions specified the commercial activities licensed to the tablet-bearers. These seals/tablets were possibly issued by certain guilds of merchants/artisans, and/or region-based rulers or governing bodies, who collaborated in the integration phase of IVC, to standardize certain taxation rules and trade/craft regulations across settlements. The seal/tablet iconographies might have been the emblems of the guilds, rulers, and/or governing bodies.
Steady state thermokinetic of ultra-thin Mo2C/G heterostructures grown on the prior-graphitized cu/graphene biasing
Authors: Ogurtani Tarik Omer , Çaylan Omer Refet , Cambaz Buke Goknur
Published: December 2023

In this work, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of the Mo2C/graphene heterostructure above the melting temperature of Cu bias (1356 K) is studied. Two sets of Mo2C growth experiments at high CH4 flow rates (5 SCCM ≥ 3 SCCM) are performed, either using prior-graphene synthesis or having in situ graphitization, for three different Cu bias thicknesses. Raman mappings taken from all six-test samples show graphene covers not only over the Mo2C pillars but also over their untransformed Cu bias substrate regions. The only difference is that the Mo2C pillar grows over the prior graphene bias; on the other hand, the in situ graphene grown Mo2C pillar nucleates and grows over the fresh Cu bias surfaces. A steady-state laminate model for flows of Mo and C species with phase transformations is developed for the radial and vertical growth kinetics of synthesized Mo2C/graphene heterostructure. The computer simulation reproduces those experimental observations performed recently in our laboratories on the prior or no-prior graphitized (G) test modules with Cu/G bias, having three different thicknesses at 1363 K. AFM-topography and SEM photos for a prior graphitized test module of 25 µm thick Cu and 4.72 Å graphene bias show a three layered Mo2C/graphene heterostructure; the first layer is almost perfect hexagonal flat, and the other two circular shaped layers constitute the whole pillar of 140 nm height. This may be compared to a 250 µm thick Cu/4.7 Å graphene bias sample, which furnishes an ultra-thin single flat layer of 10–13 nm thick Mo2C crystallites having a perfect planar hexagonal structure.
Multi-objective generative design of three-dimensional material structures
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Fang Han , Xu Zhao , Lv Jiajie , Shen Yao , Wang Yanming
Published: December 2023

Generative design for materials has recently gained significant attention due to the rapid evolution of generative deep learning models. There have been a few successful generative design demonstrations of molecular-level structures with the help of graph neural networks. However, in the realm of macroscale material structures, most of the works are targeting two-dimensional, ungoverned structure generations. Hindered by the complexity of 3D structures, it is hard to extract customized structures with multiple desired properties from a large, unexplored design space. Here we report a novel framework, a multi-objective driven Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN), to implement inverse designs of 3D structures according to given geometrical, structural, and mechanical requirements. Our framework consists of a WGAN-based network that generates 3D structures possessing geometrical and structural features learned from the target dataset. Besides, multiple objectives are introduced to our framework for the control of mechanical property and isotropy of the structures. An accurate surrogate model is incorporated into the framework to perform efficient prediction on the properties of generated structures in training iterations. With multiple objectives combined by their weight and the 3D WGAN acting as a soft constraint to regulate features that are hard to define by the traditional method, our framework has proven to be capable of tuning the properties of the generated structures in multiple aspects while keeping the selected structural features. The feasibility of a small dataset and the scalability of the objectives of other properties make our work an effective approach to provide fast and automated structure designs for various functional materials.
Altered blood flow due to larger aortic diameters in patients with transcatheter heart valve thrombosis
Authors: Jahren Silje Ekroll , Demirel Caglayan , Bornemann Karoline-Marie , Corso Pascal , Stortecky Stefan , Obrist Dominik
Published: December 2023

The etiology of transcatheter heart valve thrombosis (THVT) and the relevance of the aortic root geometry on the occurrence of THVT are largely unknown. The first aim of this pilot study is to identify differences in aortic root geometry between THVT patients and patients without THVT after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Second, we aim to investigate how the observed difference in aortic diameters affects the aortic flow using idealized computational geometric models. Aortic dimension was assessed using pre-TAVI multi-detector computed tomography scans of eight patients with clinical apparent THVT and 16 unaffected patients (two for each THVT patient with same valve type and size) from the Bern-TAVI registry. Among patients with THVT the right coronary artery height was lower (−40%), and sinotubular junction (STJ) and ascending aorta (AAo) diameters tended to be larger (9% and 14%, respectively) compared to the unaffected patients. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in two idealized aortic models with the observed differences in STJ and AAo diameter showed higher backflow rate at the STJ (+16%), lower velocity magnitudes in the sinus (−5%), and higher systolic turbulent dissipation rate in the AAo (+8%) in the model with larger STJ and AAo diameters. This pilot study suggests a direct effect of the aortic dimensions on clinically apparent THVT. The FSI study indicates that larger STJ and AAo diameters potentially favor thrombus formation by increased backflow rate and reduced wash-out efficiency of the sinus. The reported observations require clinical validation but could potentially help identifying patients at risk for THVT.
New assignments of Raman spectra of tetrahedra and the effects of electronegativity. I. P4O10 and Si-containing molecules
Authors: Bancroft G. Michael , Dean Philip A. W. , Henderson Grant S. , Nesbitt H. Wayne
Published: December 2023

Our new density functional theory calculations by Gaussian reproduce the bond lengths and Raman spectra of a number of model tetrahedral Si and P compounds [the ten compounds in the SiHxD4−x and SiFxCl4−x (x = 0–4) series, and the tetramer P4O10]. The number of symmetric A1 peaks is determined by group theory, and the center of mass is especially important for the assignment of the three A1 peaks for P4O10 to the two P–O stretches and the O–P–O bend. Additional Gaussian calculations on isolated C3v PO4 tetrahedra, using the P–O bond lengths and O–P–O bond angles from the P4O10 optimization, also reproduce the three peak P4O10 Raman spectra and provide an important guide to the assignment of the two low energy peaks at ∼500 and ∼700 cm−1 to the P–BO (BO = P–O–P) stretch and BO–P–BO bend, respectively, in contrast to all earlier assignments. In the SiFxCl4−x series, there is a regular increase in the Si–F A1 frequency and a decrease in the Si–Cl A1 frequency across the series. Similar trends are seen in the SiClx(CH3)4−x series, and these trends are due to changes in the electron densities in the tetrahedron when an electronegative F or Cl is replaced by a less electronegative Cl or CH3, as measured by previous Si 2p, F 1s, Cl 2p, and C 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These considerations serve as a guide for the interpretation of the Raman spectra of silicate glasses in Paper II [Bancroft et al., AIP Adv. 13, 125216 (2023)].
Henry Tryon—the true discoverer of the potato brown rot pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Ryley Malcolm J.
Published: December 2023

Within a few years of the establishment of the convict settlement at Sydney Cove, the potato became one of the staple crops of the population due to its relatively high yield and the prior experience of the convicts and free settlers with growing the crop. In 1894, Henry Tryon described a new disease in southern Queensland that caused rapid wilting of plants, a ring of slightly translucent tissue just below the surface of affected tubers, oozing of a thick, white fluid from the ‘eyes’, and ultimately rotting of the tubers. It soon became known as ‘Tryon’s disease’. He found that a microbe (bacterium) was always associated with affected tubers and stems, provided a very brief description of the bacterial cells and named the microbe Bacillus vascularum solani. A few years later the American scientist Erwin Frink Smith wrote a paper on a new disease (brown rot) of solanaceous plants including the potato and tomato, in which he called the causal agent Pseudomonas solanacearum, now known as Ralstonia solanacearum. Smith dismissed Tryon’s prior claim to the discovery of the disease with some of his comments being personal and scathing. Tryon had the last word, however, cloaking his response in restrained and somewhat convoluted tones.
Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses under cropping and zone-specific variable-rate irrigation
Authors: Drewry John J. , Hedley Carolyn B. , McNeill Stephen J. , El-Naggar Ahmed G. , Karakkattu Kishor K. , Horne David J.
Published: December 2023

Context Agricultural land use is intensifying globally. Irrigation and other farm practices associated with intensification, such as cultivation, grazing, and fertiliser application, can increase nutrient losses. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems manage irrigation to spatially variable soils and different crops (zones). We lack knowledge on nutrient losses under zone-specific irrigation for mixed-cropping systems (combined crop and livestock grazing). Aims This study evaluated drainage, nitrogen, and phosphorus leaching losses under zone-specific irrigation for a temperate mixed-cropping system. Methods The study site had sheep grazing and crops including peas, beans, wheat, turnips, plantain, and ryegrass-white clover pasture. It had a variable-rate centre-pivot irrigator for two soil zones (free draining Zone 1; poorly drained Zone 2). Drainage flux meters (DFMs) collected drainage leachate, and samples for measurement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Soil water balance data and statistical modelling evaluated nutrient leaching losses over 5 years. Key results The mean leaching load of NOx-N (nitrate + nitrite) across 5 years was 133 (s.d. 77) and 121 (s.d. 97) kg N/ha/year for Zone 1 and Zone 2, respectively. Similarly, the mean leaching load of reactive P across all years was 0.17 (s.d. 0.30) and 0.14 (s.d. 0.14) kg P/ha/year for Zone 1 and Zone 2, respectively. The nitrogen concentrations and loads generally had greater uncertainty in Zone 2. Conclusions The DFMs worked well for the free draining sandy soil. However, fewer samples were collected in the silt soil, requiring the statistical modelling developed in this study. This study gave a reasonable estimate of annual leaching load means, but the indicators of their within-year variation were not reliable, partly due to differences in sampling frequency. With some exceptions, there was generally more NOx-N leaching from the free draining Zone 1. VRI provided a system to control irrigation-related drainage and leaching in these soil zones. Implications Drainage flux meters are more reliable in well-drained than in poorly drained soil. Given the lack of published studies, this study has improved knowledge of nutrient losses under zone-specific irrigated mixed-cropping systems in a temperate climate.
Antigen perception in T cells by long-term Erk and NFAT signaling dynamics
Authors: Wither Matthew J. , White William L. , Pendyala Sriram , Leanza Paul J. , Fowler Douglas M. , Kueh Hao Yuan
Published: December 2023

Immune system threat detection hinges on T cells’ ability to perceive varying peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigens. As the Erk and NFAT pathways link T cell receptor engagement to gene regulation, their signaling dynamics may convey information about pMHC inputs. To test this idea, we developed a dual reporter mouse strain and a quantitative imaging assay that, together, enable simultaneous monitoring of Erk and NFAT dynamics in live T cells over day-long timescales as they respond to varying pMHC inputs. Both pathways initially activate uniformly across various pMHC inputs but diverge only over longer (9+ h) timescales, enabling independent encoding of pMHC affinity and dose. These late signaling dynamics are decoded via multiple temporal and combinatorial mechanisms to generate pMHC-specific transcriptional responses. Our findings underscore the importance of long timescale signaling dynamics in antigen perception and establish a framework for understanding T cell responses under diverse contexts.
Data-driven Simulations of Magnetic Field Evolution in Active Region 11429: Magneto-frictional Method Using PENCIL CODE
Authors: Vemareddy P. , Warnecke Jörn , Bourdin Ph. A.
Published: December 2023

Coronal magnetic fields evolve quasi-statically over long timescales and dynamically over short timescales. As of now there exist no regular measurements of coronal magnetic fields, and therefore generating the coronal magnetic field evolution using observations of the magnetic field at the photosphere is a fundamental requirement to understanding the origin of transient phenomena from solar active regions (ARs). Using the magneto-friction (MF) approach, we aim to simulate the coronal field evolution in the solar AR 11429. The MF method is implemented in the open source Pencil Code along with a driver module to drive the initial field with different boundary conditions prescribed from observed vector magnetic fields at the photosphere. In order to work with vector potential and the observations, we prescribe three types of bottom boundary drivers with varying free-magnetic energy. The MF simulation reproduces the magnetic structure, which better matches the sigmoidal morphology exhibited by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images at the pre-eruptive time. We found that the already sheared field further driven by the sheared magnetic field will maintain and further build the highly sheared coronal magnetic configuration, as seen in AR 11429. Data-driven MF simulation is a viable tool to generate the coronal magnetic field evolution, capturing the formation of the twisted flux rope and its eruption.
Overview of the II International Conference on Environmental Technologies and Engineering for Sustainable Development –ETESD-II 2023
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Mamatov F M , Karshiev F U , Bekzhanov S , Berdimuratov P , Khudaynazarov D , Gapparov Sh , Vitliemov Pavel
Published: December 2023

The overview describes the main directions and results of the II International Conference “ETESD - 2023” held in Tashkent on 13-15 September 2023. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in the areas of environment protection, biodiversity preservation, innovative technologies used in agriculture, preventing environmental damage, as well as to discuss the urgent problems and prospects of advanced technologies of food production, soil protection and tillage, water saving, environmental research and earth space systems are given in the overview.
Research of clay raw materials of South Kazakhstan for thermal insulating keramzit production
Authors: Kocherov E N , Kolesnikov A S , Mamitova A D
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the study of clay raw materials of South Kazakhstan region. In particular, the article presents the chemical and granulometric compositions, as well as the physical and technical properties of clays, for determination of a possible ways of using of fusible and bentonite clays of montmorillonite and colloidal composition for the further production of thermal insulating expanded clays. During the research, the selected clay samples were subjected to modern physicochemical studies, in particular chemical, granulometric, scanning electron microscopic, differential thermal and X-ray phase studies. Based on the results of physicochemical studies, it was established that the clay of the Badam deposit is finely dispersed, the sum of the main compounds SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 is 80.61-84.29% and is represented by a number of minerals - montmorillonite, sodium feldspar and hydromica.
Development of the construction of the feed mixer device of granulation line
Authors: Borotov A , Bekzhanov S , Nurjan D , Tursunov J , Tursunov Sh , Boykulov U , Ernazarov K , Karshiev F U
Published: December 2023

In Uzbekistan, livestock, poultry and fisheries are developing in the form of small family farms, and the demand for granulated feed is increasing in them. Since the existing granulation lines are designed for large farms, small farms have to buy granulated feed from abroad. This causes them to spend more on raising livestock, poultry and fish. Based on this, research is being conducted on the development of a small granulation line for small farms. As a result of the research, a small-sized feed mixing device for the granulation line was developed. The working cycle of the device is cyclic, it has working bodies with an auger on the edge and a blade in the middle, and it ensures uniform mixing of the feed at a level of more than 95% with low energy consumption.
Synthesis of the contour and dimensions of the guiding channel of an elliptical drum according to the operation conditions and kinematic regimes
Authors: Ravutov Sh T , Ibragimov G I , Shokirov S Sh , Komilov Sh J
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the synthesis of the mechanism of an elliptical drum of a vertically spindle drum, which increases the completeness of the collection and the quality of the harvested raw cotton. In particular, it developed a methodology for substantiating the profile and dimensions of the guide track, which ensures the movement of the spindles along an elliptical trajectory. At the same time, the profile and dimensions of the guide track are considered as a function of the trajectory and kinematic modes of the spindle. It is shown that the trajectory of movement and kinematic modes of the center of the guide roller can be the basis for choosing the profile and basic geometric dimensions of the guide track. The trajectory of the center of the guide roller at its different positions relative to the center of the spindle, moving along an elliptical trajectory, is determined using the GeoGebra program, which is popular in the mathematical modeling environment, and its kinematic parameters are determined by constructing hodographs of the speed of the center of the guide roller.
Some approaches to the application of digital tools in engineering of the environmental component of sustainable development
Authors: Ponikarova Anna
Published: December 2023

The study identifies the need of modern companies to achieve sustainable development. For these purposes, it is necessary to use an integrated and systematic approach within which it is possible to implement the optimization of processes to ensure environmental safety. To implement these principles it is proposed to use digital technologies that can algorithmize and systematize enterprise processes, highlight the environmental component in them and develop a program for its innovative changes within the framework of sustainable development. The article notes that in the context of the transition to a digital economy, enterprises must most effectively select new technologies to improve environmental safety in conditions of uncertainty. For these purposes, a certain range of digital tools and programs are being considered that allow the most effective implementation of environmental innovations. It is proved that the introduction of digital tools in the process of introducing environmental innovations will allow achieving a qualitative change in the systematic management of environmental safety in conditions of uncertainty and leads to an increase in the pace of sustainable development and the effect of production activities.
Influence of crop rotations and cotton monoculture on cotton field weediness
Authors: Tadjiev M , Tadjiev K M
Published: December 2023

The paper proves that crop rotation and cotton monoculture turned out to be the best agro technical measures in reducing the number of weeds against the control variant which was found by the authors as a result of long-term studies of cotton crop rotations. The results of the studies showed that permanent cotton crop without and with mineral fertilizers in the absence of crop rotation contribute to a significant increase in the number of annual and perennial weeds. Development of crop rotations with strict alternation of cotton with the main predecessors in the cotton complex, as well as appropriate agro-technical measures significantly reduce the weed infestation of cotton field during the entire cotton growing season.
Assessment of soybean raw material in regard to plant adaptability in the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Kazarina AV , Abramenko IS
Published: December 2023

The ecological flexibility, stability, and adaptability of the “seed weight per plant” trait of soybean raw materialwere assessed in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga Region. The most valuable varieties for use in the breeding process for this trait were selected. The experimental work was carried out in 2019—2021. In total, 14 soybean varieties of various ecological and geographical origins were assessed. The regionalized agricultural variety of local selection, Yuzhanka, was set as the standard. The soil at the experimental plot was represented by typical medium-humus, medium-thick, medium-clay chernozem. The humus content was 5.8—6.9%, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, 133.6—156.5 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium, 154.0—180.0 mg/kg. In 2019—2021, in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, average individual productivity of soybean plants was 7.47—12.17 g. The highest individual seed productivity was registered in the varieties 680-11 (Ukraine), 422 (Kazakhstan), OX 299 (Canada), L-60/2018 and Nika (Russia), exceeding the standard by 4.97—5.43 g. The lowest total rank was found for varieties 422 (Kazakhstan) – 23, Nika (Russia) – 28, Gessener (Yugoslavia) – 28, L-59/2018 (Russia) – 29 , OX 299 (Canada) – 31, and 680-11 (Ukraine) – 34, while the standard variety refers to 72. These varieties are promising raw material for developing soybean varieties with high productivity potential due to the effective use of the soil and climatic conditions of the region and resistance to dominant environmental stress factors.
Development of the constructive scheme and 3D model of the smart corn-seed grader machine
Authors: Fozilov G G , Koptileuov B , Umirov A T , Kurbanov A J , Kurbonov F K , Mannobova S , Gapparov Sh
Published: December 2023

After determining the physical-mechanical properties of industrial grain of the corn, we decided to compare the results of experiment with properties of seed-corn. According to some agronomic researchers’ observation, there is special determination method to harvest corn-crop for producing seed-corn. Therefore, because of the observations and analysis, it is an actual theme to do research on creating new innovative corn-seed preparing technologies and grader machines based on smart technological methods. Otherwise, it is difficult to grade precise properties of corn-seed. Therefore, we created new innovative corn-seed grader machine, developed constructive scheme and its 3D model of the smart corn-seed grader machine, and based its positions. It has been known that, the width of the receiving section of the machine should be Bb
=0.157 m and Bb
=0.314 m when the amount of pod-corn transferred to the device in a unit time is between 1 kg/s and 2 kg/s depending on their average length, diameter and mass.