bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Probe Identification of Bacteria Colonizing Internal Surfaces of the Implant‐Abutment Interface: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Callan Donald P. , Cobb Charles M. , Williams Karen B.
Published: March 2005

Background: Currently, there is limited knowledge concerning the specific genus and species of bacteria that may colonize internal surfaces of the implant‐abutment interface (IAI) of two‐stage dental implants. The purpose of this study was to use DNA probe analysis to identify those periodontopathic bacteria that may inhabit the internal surfaces and healing abutment screw‐threads of the IAI of dental implants in situ.

Methods: Following osseointegration, bacterial samples for DNA probe analysis were obtained from 54 two‐stage hydroxyapatite plasma spray‐coated implants in 32 patients. Using sterile paper points, samples were obtained from the IAI of 43 implants and the screw‐threads of healing abutments in the other 11 implants. DNA probes were available to detect the following microbes: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola.

Results: All samples taken from healing abutment screw‐threads were negative for all target microbes. The aggregate percentage of positive results for each target microbe for samples from internal surfaces of the IAI were: 41.9%, A. actinomycetemcomitans; 60.5%, T. forsythensis; 44.2%, C. rectus; 60.5%, E. corrodens; 48.8%, F. nucleatum; 46.5%, P. gingivalis; 55.8%, P. intermedia; and 51.2%, T. denticola. In addition, no significant differences were noted between colonization of individual microbial species when comparing anterior to posterior and maxillary to mandibular implant sites.

Conclusions: Moderate to high levels of eight different periodontopathic microbes inhabiting the internal surfaces of the IAI of 43 two‐stage implants in partially edentulous patients were identified by DNA probe analysis. The microbes colonized these surfaces within 25 days following the second stage surgery and placement of the healing abutment. In contrast, all samples obtained from screw‐threads of 11 healing abutments were DNA probe negative. These findings appear to support those of other investigations demonstrating the translocation of bacteria from residual dentition to implants. J Periodontol 2005;76:115‐120.
A Pilot Study Into Measurements of Markers of Atherosclerosis in Periodontitis
Authors: Leivadaros Efstratios , van der Velden Ubele , Bizzarro Sergio , Heggeler Johanna M.A.G. ten , Gerdes Victor E.A. , Hoek Frans J. , Nagy Thomas O.M. , Scholma Jose , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Gans Rijk O.B. , Cate Hugo ten , Loos Bruno G.
Published: March 2005

Background: Periodontitis may be a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis. The current pilot study explored arterial wall thickness and other variables associated with atherosclerosis in healthy subjects with and without periodontitis.

Methods: Patients with moderate (N = 34) and severe periodontitis (N = 15) and controls (N = 14) were recruited. Intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA), and bifurcations of carotid arteries (BCA) was estimated bilaterally using B‐mode ultrasound. An overall IMT was calculated as the mean of these six measurements. C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor (vWf) were measured in plasma as indicators of systemic inflammation and atherosclerotic disease. Microalbuminuria was determined as a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction.

Results: IMT for CCA were 0.64, 0.68, and 0.69 mm for control, moderate, and severe periodontitis, respectively (not signifi‐ cant). IMT for BCA did not vary among groups. IMT of ICA was largest for severe periodontitis (0.81 mm); corresponding values for controls and moderate periodontitis were 0.58 and 0.55 mm, respectively (P = 0.023). Severe periodontitis patients had an overall IMT of 0.76 mm, while moderate periodontitis patients and controls had lower values (0.64 and 0.65 mm, respectively; P = 0.153). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the increased IMT for ICA in severe periodontitis was also significant (Padj = 0.040). CRP (P = 0.020, Padj = 0.050) and vWf (P = 0.019, Padj = 0.013) were higher in periodontitis than controls; microalbuminuria was not different between groups. Power calculations suggest that a 4‐fold expansion of the severe patient and control groups will result in a high chance (power level 80%) that a clinically significant association between the overall IMT and periodontitis will be observed.

Conclusion: The present pilot study indicates that a full study investigating the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis is warranted. J Periodontol 2005;76:121‐128.
Early Detection and Successful Management of Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu , Rees Terry D. , Matsue Miyoko , Kuyama Kayo , Nakadai Mami , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: March 2005

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by acantholysis in the epithelium. PV is often difficult to diagnose in the early stages, since the oral lesions are relatively nonspecific. We report on a case with a favorable outcome due to early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral lesions.

Methods: A 53‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with a month‐long history of painful gingiva. PV was diagnosed using clinical, histopathological, and direct immunofluorescence criteria 1 month after the first visit. Evaluation of the circulating autoantibody titers to desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3 was conducted by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Occlusive steroid therapy (OST) using a topical corticosteroid (0.1% triamcinolone acetonide) was provided for 8 weeks. After OST was completed, a buccal frenectomy was performed to eliminate localized toothbrushing trauma.

Results: There were no adverse effects on wound healing after the procedure. No oral PV lesions were detectable at the 9‐month reevaluation, and the patient remains in complete remission. The Dsg1 ELISA was negative while the Dsg3 ELISA was indeterminate at the first visit. The Dsg1 ELISA was also negative at reevaluation, but Dsg3 ELISA reactivity had increased 9 months after completion of treatment.

Conclusion: Large scale clinical trials will be required to validate the clinical benefits of the OST treatment regimen, and further research is necessary to determine the importance of ELISA antibody examination in long‐term management of oral PV. J Periodontol 2005;76:154‐160.
The Effects of a Bioabsorbable Barrier Membrane Containing Safflower Seed Extracts on Periodontal Healing of 1‐Wall Intrabony Defects in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Song Won‐Seok , Kim Chang‐Sung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Jhon Gil‐Ja , Kim Hak‐Yong , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Chai Jung‐Kiu
Published: March 2005

Background: Recently, there has been much research done into the regenerative potential of materials used in oriental medicine. In several studies, evidence was found that these materials have an effect on bone regeneration. Among these materials, safflower seeds are of particular interest as they have been used for the treatment of blood stasis, bone fracture, and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. In addition, they are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the periodontal tissue regenerative effects of a bioabsorbable barrier membrane (polylactide glycolic acid electro‐spun non‐woven membrane) containing safflower seed extracts applied to surgically created 1‐wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs.

Methods: One‐wall intrabony defects were surgically created bilaterally at the mesial and distal sides of the mandibular second premolars and mesial side of the fourth premolars. These defects were randomly assigned either to the surgical control group which received a flap operation only or to one of two experimental groups consisting of defects which received a guided tissue regenerative procedure with either a bioabsorbable membrane (PLGA) or a bioabsorbable membrane containing safflower seed extracts (SSE/PLGA). The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks after the operation, and a comparative histological examination was done.

Results: The new cementum formation was 2.49 ± 0.41 mm in the surgical control group, 3.22 ± 0.35 mm in the PLGA group, and 3.67 ± 0.82 mm in the SSE/PLGA group. The extent of new cementum formation in barrier groups was significantly different from the surgical control group (P <0.05). The amount of intrabony cementum was 1.75 ± 0.06 mm, 2.40 ± 0.33 mm, and 2.70 ± 0.81 mm for the surgical control group, the PLGA group, and the SSE/PLGA group, respectively; the amount of infrabony cementum in the barrier groups was significantly different from the surgical control group (P <0.05). The value of the suprabony cementum was 0.73 ± 0.48 mm, 0.82 ± 0.21 mm, and 0.97 ± 0.09 mm for the surgical control group, the PLGA group, and the SSE/PLGA group, respectively, with no significant differences being observed among the treatments. The amount of new alveolar bone formation was 1.74 ± 0.25 mm, 2.36 ± 0.30 mm, and 2.64 ± 0.74 mm for the surgical control group, the PLGA group, and the SSE/PLGA group, respectively, with a significant difference exhibited between the surgical control group and other groups (P <0.05). Superficial root resorption was often observed, but ankylosis was not present.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that surgical application of polylactide glycolic acid non‐woven membrane with or without safflower seed extract could promote the regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum in intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2005;76:22‐33.
Initial Apical Migration of Junctional Epithelium in Rats Following Application of Lipopolysaccharide and Proteases
Authors: Ekuni Daisuke , Tomofuji Takaaki , Yamanaka Reiko , Tachibana Kentaro , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Watanabe Tatsuo
Published: March 2005

Background: Apical migration of junctional epithelium (JE) occurs in association with periodontal pocket formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the gingival changes occurring during apical migration of the JE following application of factors associated with inflammatory periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Methods: Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: three experimental groups to investigate gingival changes following 2, 4, and 8 weeks topical application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases and three control groups using pyrogen‐free water. After 2, 4 or 8 weeks, nuclear DNA fragmentation was detected in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method, and proliferative activities of the basal cells and fibroblasts were evaluated through expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Collagen destruction was examined histologically.

Results: Gingiva treated with LPS and proteases showed an increase in PCNA‐positive basal cells but not the fibroblasts. Collagen destruction was observed at 2 weeks; apical migration of the JE and TUNEL‐positive fibroblasts was seen at 4 weeks.

Conclusions: Following application of LPS and proteases to rat gingival sulci, the apical migration of the JE appears to occur simultaneously with the apoptosis of PDL fibroblasts, which in turn follows proliferation of the basal cells and collagen destruction. J Periodontol 2005;76:43‐48.
Modulation of Clinical Expression of Plaque‐Induced Gingivitis: Interleukin‐1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms
Authors: Scapoli Chiara , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Mamolini Elisabetta , Trombelli Leonardo
Published: March 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) gene polymorphisms with clinical parameters of gingivitis in a large experimental gingivitis trial and with each of two subgroups, high responders (HR) and low responders (LR), with distinct susceptibility to gingivitis.

Methods: Ninety‐six systemically and periodontally healthy non‐smokers, 46 males (mean age: 23.9 ± 1.7) and 50 females (mean age: 23.3 ± 1.6) were included in a randomized, split‐mouth, localized 21‐day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded. Two subgroups were defined from the total study population (HR, LR) characterized by substantially different severity of gingival inflammation despite similar plaque accumulation rate. The study population was typed for interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1A+4845), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1B+3953, IL‐1B–511), and IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN, intron 2 variable number tandem repeats) gene polymorphisms. Gene variants were analyzed by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction‐enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results: Neither IL‐1A+4845, IL‐1B+3953, or the combined (IL‐ 1A+4845*2 ‐ IL‐1B+3953*2) genotype was associated with clinical parameters in the overall population. IL‐1RN was significantly associated with test quadrant PI (P = 0.046), GCF (P = 0.05), and GI (P = 0.018). The genotype distribution in HR and LR subjects was significantly different for IL‐1RN (P = 0.045) and for IL‐1B–511 (P = 0.023).

Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest an association between IL‐1RN polymorphism and subject‐based clinical behavior of the gingiva in response to de novo plaque accumulation, as well as a possible association between IL‐1B–511 polymorphism and gingivitis susceptibility. J Periodontol 2005;76:49‐56.
Coping With Stress: Its Influence on Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Wimmer Gernot , Köhldorfer Gabriele , Mischak Irene , Lorenzoni Martin , Kallus K. Wolfgang
Published: March 2005

Background: Individual stress coping strategies appear to influence periodontal disease: individuals with inadequate stress behavior may be at greater risk of developing disease. The purpose of this 24‐month prospective study was to examine the influence of different coping behaviors on a non‐surgical periodontal therapy and on the course of periodontal disease.

Methods: In 80 patients with chronic periodontitis, a non‐surgical periodontal treatment was conducted after their individual stress coping strategies had been recorded. After 2 years of regular maintenance, their periodontal condition was evaluated. The stress coping questionnaire was used to obtain psychodiagnostic data. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) served as the clinical parameter.

Results: Patients with a defensive coping style had statistically significant poorer attachment values (P = 0.000) after 2 years compared to patients with other coping behaviors. The percentage of sites with slight to moderate CAL (<5 mm) was significantly less in patients with a defensive coping style than in patients with other coping strategies (P = 0.000). The number of sites with severe advanced CAL (>5 mm) was significantly correlated with a suppressive coping style (P = 0.0001). None of the individual stress coping styles revealed significant overall changes over time. The subtest of drug use (alcohol, nicotine, tranquilizers) as well as changes in this subtest over time were significantly correlated with the CAL (P = 0.003); an increase in the t value of the subtest of drug use was accompanied by a significant increase in CAL.

Conclusions: The results of this study show that passive coping strategies were more pronounced in advanced disease as well as in cases of poor response to a non‐surgical periodontal treatment, whereas patients with active coping modes had milder disease and a more favorable course of treatment. Thus, maladaptive behavior, especially in association with behavior‐related risk factors such as smoking, are of great importance in the medical history, treatment, and maintenance of patients with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2005;76:90‐98.
Electrostatic Effects on the Thermodynamics of Protonation of Reduced Plastocyanin
Authors: Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Borsari Marco , Di Rocco Giulia , Leonardi Alan , Ranieri Antonio , Sola Marco
Published: March 2005

The L12E, L12K, Q88E, and Q88K variants of spinach plastocyanin have been electrochemically investigated. The effects of insertion of net charges near the metal site on the thermodynamics of protonation and detachment from the copper(I) ion of the His87 ligand have been evaluated. The mutation‐induced changes in transition enthalpy cannot be explained by electrostatic considerations. The existence of enthalpy/entropy (H/S) compensation within the protein series indicates that solvent‐reorganization effects control the differences in transition thermodynamics. Once these compensating contributions are factorized out, the resulting modest differences in transition enthalpies turn out to be those that can be expected on purely electrostatic grounds. Therefore, this work shows that the acid transition in cupredoxins involves a reorganization of the H‐bonding network within the hydration sphere of the molecule in the proximity of the metal center that dominates the observed transition thermodynamics and masks the differences that are due to protein‐based effects.
Ceramic Plate Heat Exchanger for Heterogeneous Gas Phase Reactions
Authors: Schmitt C. , Agar D. W. , Platte F. , Buijssen S. , Pawlowski B. , Duisberg M.
Published: March 2005

The catalytically coated ceramic plate heat exchanger represents a specialized microreactor offering a large surface‐to‐volume ratio and improved temperature control. Appropriate and economically viable manufacturing processes are presented together with the results of coating studies and thermal and reaction engineering investigations. The selective methanation of carbon monoxide, used as purification step for H2‐rich gas streams in stationary fuel cell applications, was chosen as a suitable test reaction because of its strongly exothermic behavior and its need for tight temperature control.
Enhancement of Chemical Selectivity by Microreactors
Authors: Yoshida J. , Nagaki A. , Iwasaki T. , Suga S.
Published: March 2005

This article provides a brief outline of the state of the art of reactions using microreactors with special emphasis on the enhancement of product selectivity. The efficient micromixing possible with a short diffusion path increases the product selectivity of competitive parallel reactions and competitive consecutive reactions. This concept has been expanded to control of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in carbocationic polymerization. The efficient heat transfer, based on high surface to volume ratios, allows precise temperature control and is also effective for the control of highly exothermic reactions, such as free radical polymerization.
Microreaction for Microfuel Processing: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Shah K. , Ouyang X. , Besser R. S.
Published: March 2005

The processing of high density liquid hydrocarbon fuels appears to be the most promising method of supplying a hydrogen stream for feeding portable fuel cells. Furthermore, microchemical systems are a strong enabling aspect of compact fuel processors due to their advantageous heat and mass transport and inherent compactness. However, a number of crucial challenges exist for the realization of practical fuel processors. In this article, these challenges are addressed, and two examples are shown of how the challenges can be attacked in the context of implementation of microchemical systems. The examples involve (a) appropriate measurement of kinetics in microchannel‐catalyst systems with preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide as a model, and (b) thermal integration of reactor components with a methanol steam reformer as a model.
Photocontrollable Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yagai Shiki , Karatsu Takashi , Kitamura Akihide
Published: March 2005

The incorporation of photoswitching molecules into molecular building blocks creates the possibility of photoresponsive self‐assemblies in which the self‐assembled architecture or self‐assembling process can be controlled by external light stimulus. Among the photoswitching molecules, azobenzene has been used most widely by virtue of the large photoinduced changes in its molecular geometry and physical properties. This article reviews how azobenzene can be effectively used to construct the self‐assemblies in which supramolecular structure and formation/dissociation can be altered by light.
Halteria grandinella: A rapid swimming ciliate with a high frequency of ciliary beating
Authors: Ueyama Sumiko , Katsumaru Hironobu , Suzaki Toshinobu , Nakaoka Yasuo
Published: March 2005

A ciliated protozoan, Halteria grandinella, swam backward rapidly with a migration distance per second attaining 100 times the cell size. This high swimming velocity was accompanied by a high frequency of ciliary beating. Recordings with a high‐speed digital video (103 frames/s) revealed that the frequency during forward and backward swimming was, respectively, 105 ± 10 Hz and 260 ± 30 Hz. These frequencies are the highest among cilia and flagella reported to date. Electron microscopic observation of the ciliary structure confirmed normal 9 + 2 arrangements of the axoneme except that cilia for migration are bundled into membranelles. Ciliary beating of saponin‐treated cells was reactivated by the addition of Mg2+‐ATP, although the beating amplitude was smaller than that of intact cells. Kinetic analysis of the ATP‐dependent increase of beating frequency revealed that the maximal frequency in the presence of free Ca2+ and 0.9 μM Ca2+ was approximately 60 and 110 Hz, respectively. A possible mechanism to increase beating frequency with Ca2+ is discussed. Cell. Motil. Cytoskeleton 60:214–221, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of myosin‐II binding to Golgi stacks in vitro
Authors: Fath Karl R.
Published: March 2005

In addition to important roles near the actin‐rich cell cortex, ample evidence indicates that multiple myosins are also involved in membrane movements in the endomembrane system. Nonmuscle myosin‐II has been shown to have roles in anterograde and retrograde trafficking at the Golgi. Myosin‐II is present on Golgi stacks isolated from intestinal epithelial cells and has been localized to the Golgi in several polarized and unpolarized cell lines. An understanding of roles of myosin‐II in Golgi physiology will be facilitated by understanding the molecular arrangement of myosin‐II at the Golgi. Salt‐washing removes endogenous myosin‐II from isolated Golgi and purified brush border myosin‐II can bind in vitro. Brush border myosin‐II binds to a tightly bound Golgi peripheral membrane protein with a K1/2 of 75 nM and binding is saturated at 0.7 pmol myosin/μg Golgi. Binding studies using papain cleavage fragments of brush border myosin‐II show that the 120‐kDa rod domain, but not the head domain, of myosin heavy chain can bind directly to Golgi stacks. The 120‐kDa domain does not bind to Golgi membranes when phosphorylated in vitro with casein kinase‐II. These results suggest that phosphorylation in the rod domain may regulate the binding and/or release of myosin‐II from the Golgi. These data support a model in which myosin‐II is tethered to the Golgi membrane by its tail and actin filaments by its head. Thus, translocation along actin filaments may extend Golgi membrane tubules and/or vesicles away from the Golgi complex. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 60:222–235, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The IVADo regimen—A pilot study with ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin in children with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Ferrari Andrea , Bergeron Christophe , Scagnellato Angela , Prete Arcangelo , Alaggio Rita , Casanova Michela , D'Angelo Paolo , Di Cataldo Andrea , Carli Modesto
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

The role of doxorubicin (Doxo) as part of multidrug regimens used to treat children with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is controversial. To evaluate the feasibility of combining Doxo with the well established ifosfamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D (IVA) regimen, the Italian STS Committee performed a pilot study on a series of children with metastatic STS.

METHODS

Between July 2002 and February 2004, 29 evaluable patients were enrolled in this study; 19 patients had rhabdomyosarcoma, 5 patients had peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, and 5 patients had other types of STS. The IVA‐Doxo (IVADo) regimen included ifosfamide 3 g/m2 on Days 1 and 2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on Day 1, actinomycin D 1.5 mg/m2 on Day 1, and Doxo 30 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 2. Three courses of IVADo were to be administered in the initial part of treatment and analyzed for toxicity and tumor response.

RESULTS

Overall, 92 cycles were delivered. Major regimen‐related toxicity was myelosuppression, with Grade 4 neutropenia in 67% of cycles and fever and neutropenia in 37% of cycles. Nonhematologic toxicity included Grade 3–4 mucositis (6.5% of cycles), constipation (9.7%), and peripheral neuropathy (6.5%). Other manifestations of major toxicity were venoocclusive disease and seizures, which occurred in one patient each. All but 1 patient with a malignant schwannoma showed some degree of tumor volume reduction; however, considering only complete and partial remissions, the response rate was 76% (± 7.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

The intensive IVADo regimen was effective against pediatric STS with acceptable toxicity. This combination will be investigated in high‐risk patients with rhabdomyosarcoma in a randomized trial launched by the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 is an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who undergo resection with curative intent
Authors: Gouyer Valérie , Conti Massimo , Devos Patrick , Zerimech Farid , Copin Marie‐Christine , Créme Evelyne , Wurtz Alain , Porte Henri , Huet Guillemette
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a role in the processes of extracellular matrix degradation. Changes in their expression levels have been observed in various tumor types, including lung carcinoma. However, their clinical significance and their prognostic importance in the progression of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remain to be specified. In this study, mRNA expression levels of MMP‐1, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 were evaluated in patients with resected NSCLC, and their associations with disease progression and prognosis were determined.

METHODS

Between June 1996 and December 1999, 116 patients underwent resection for NSCLC. Expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs were evaluated using Northern blot analysis in these NSCLC tissue samples and in 39 matched samples of normal lung tissue.

RESULTS

MMP‐1, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 expression levels were increased in tumor samples compared with matched, corresponding normal tissues. In contrast, TIMP‐2 expression was decreased in tumor samples. MMP‐1 tumor expression was correlated significantly with the evolution of lymph node status and tumor‐lymph node‐metastasis (TNM) stage. In contrast, MMP‐9 tumor expression was correlated significantly with increased T stage. TIMP‐1 overexpression was an independent predictor of worse survival in patients with NSCLC that was not associated with other prognosis factors, such as TNM stage.

CONCLUSIONS

The overexpression of TIMP‐1 was an independent prognostic marker in patients with NSCLC, and evaluating TIMP‐1 may be important for identifying patients who are at greater risk of disease recurrence. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A basic study of adaptive particle swarm optimization
Authors: Ide Azuma , Yasuda Keiichiro
Published: March 2005

This paper points out that meta‐heuristics should have not only robustness and adaptability to problems with different structure but also adjustability of parameters included in their algorithms. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), whose concept began as a simulation of a simplified social milieu, is known as one of the most powerful optimization methods for solving nonconvex continuous optimization problems. Then, in order to improve adjustability, a new parameter is introduced into PSO on the basis of the proximate optimality principle (POP). In this paper, we propose adaptive PSO and the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated on simulations using some typical nonconvex optimization problems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 41–49, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20077
Measurement of secondary electron emission coefficient of plane target in plasma immersion ion implantation
Authors: Nakamura Keiji , Ando Masaki , Sugai Hideo
Published: March 2005

This paper describes in‐process measurements of secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC) during plasma immersion ion implantation for a plane target. In the plane target, trajectories of secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from the target strongly depend on the plasma conditions as well as the amplitude of pulse voltages applied to the target because of variation of the curvature radius of the sheath formed around the target. Therefore, absolute measurements of the SE current as well as of the SEEC were difficult to perform. However, calibration of an SE detector using a plane target with very high SEEC enabled the SEEC measurements. The measurements of the SE current revealed that the sheath curvature was affected by the plasma condition and the target shape. This calibration will be useful for SEEC measurements of arbitrary‐shaped target. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 1–7, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20096
A method for suppressing line overload phenomena using NAS battery systems
Authors: Ohtaka Toshiya , Iwamoto Shinichi
Published: March 2005

This paper considers the superior operating control function and instantaneous discharging characteristics of NAS battery systems, and proposes a method for determining installation planning and operating control schemes of NAS battery systems for suppressing line overload phenomena. In the planning stage, a target contingency is identified, and an optimal allocation and capacity of NAS battery systems and an amount of generation changes are determined for the contingency. In the operation stage, the control strategy of the NAS battery system is determined. Simulations are carried out for verifying the validity of the proposed method using the IEEJ 1‐machine V‐system model and an example 2‐machine 16‐bus system model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 19–31, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20102
Luminescence from Lanthanide(3+) Ions in Solution
Authors: Døssing Anders
Published: March 2005

An overview of recent work dealing with luminescence properties in solution of complexes of the lanthanide(3+) ions Nd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ in which an organic chromophore is attached to the metal centre as a sensitizer is given. The various factors that influence the metal‐centred luminescence lifetime and intensity are discussed and illustrated with own results and recent literature examples. The VIS emitting metal ions Eu3+ and Tb3+ require sensitizers that absorb light in the UV or near UV range whereas VIS absorbing sensitizers can be used for the NIR emitting ions Nd3+, Er3+ and Yb3+. The latter type of complexes is currently of great interest because of potential applications as luminescent markers in biological systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
No effect of hydroxyapatite particles in phagocytosable sizes on implant fixation: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Rahbek O. , Kold S. , Bendix K. , Overgaard S. , Soballe K.
Published: March 2005

The influence of wear debris on bone healing around orthopedic implants is debated. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and polyethylene (PE) particles have been shown to have a negative effect on osteoblast cultures in vitro. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of HA and PE particles on the mechanical fixation and gap healing around experimental HA implants. Nonloaded implants (n = 30) were inserted bilaterally into the proximal tibia of 15 dogs with a 2‐mm gap to the bone. The peri‐implant gap was either (1) empty (n = 6) or filled with (2) hyaluronic acid (n = 8), (3) hyaluronic acid and HA particles (n = 8), or (4) hyaluronic acid and PE particles (n = 8). After 4 weeks, the animals were killed. The implant interface was evaluated by pushout testing until failure and by histomorphometry. Both HA and PE particles were found to be phagocytosed by macrophage‐like cells in the interfacial tissue. HA particles were also integrated in newly formed bone. We found no negative effect of the particulate material on mechanical fixation of the implants or on bone formation around the implants. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 150–157, 2005
Anti‐phosphopeptide antibody, P‐STM as a novel tool for detecting mitotic phosphoproteins: Identification of lamins A and C as two major targets
Authors: Tsai I‐Chen , Hsieh Ya‐Ju , Lyu Ping‐Chiang , Yu Jau‐Song
Published: March 2005

A polyclonal, phospho‐epitope‐specific antibody (P‐STM) was generated to detect the activated p21‐activated kinase 2 (PAK2), based on the regulatory autophosphorylation site Thr402 of PAK2 [Yu et al., 1998]. In this report, we show that this antibody can also recognize many phosphoproteins in mitotic HeLa and A431 cells. Signal of these phosphoproteins emerged after treating the cells with nocodazole and okadaic acid, and was highly detected in G2‐M phase transition of HeLa cells released from double thymidine block. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that P‐STM strongly stained HeLa cells at prometaphase and metaphase, but not at interphase and anaphase. Interestingly, this staining pattern was almost identical to that obtained by staining with MPM2, a monoclonal antibody known to react with phosphoproteins in mitotic HeLa cells. However, the phosphoproteins detected by the two antibodies are quite different. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and tryptic peptide fingerprint analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry were employed to identify lamins A and C as two of the mitotic cell‐specific phosphoproteins recognized by P‐STM. Lamins A and C immunoprecipitated from nocodazole‐treated cells, but not from untreated cells showed strong reactivity to P‐STM, and this reactivity lost completely after protein phosphatase 2A treatment. In summary, our results show that P‐STM represents a novel tool for detecting mitotic phosphoproteins, which are different from those recognized by MPM2, and that lamins A and C are the two prominent mitotic phosphoproteins detected by P‐STM. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 967–981, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical modulation of molecular signals which regulate anabolic and catabolic activity in bone tissue
Authors: Judex Stefan , Zhong Nan , Squire Maria E. , Ye Kenny , Donahue Leah‐Rae , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Rubin Clinton T.
Published: March 2005

Identifying the molecular mechanisms that regulate bone's adaptive response to alterations in load bearing may potentiate the discovery of interventions to curb osteoporosis. Adult female mice (BALB/cByJ) were subjected to catabolic (disuse) and anabolic (45 Hz, 0.3g vibration for 10 min/day) signals, and changes in the mRNA levels of thirteen genes were compared to altered indices of bone formation. Age‐matched mice served as controls. Following 4 days of disuse, significant (P = 0.05) decreases in mRNA levels were measured for several genes, including collagen type I (−55%), osteonectin (−44%), osterix (−36%), and MMP‐2 (−36%) all of which, after 21 days, had normalized to control levels. In contrast, expression of several genes in the vibrated group, which failed to show significant changes at 4 days, demonstrated significant increases after 21 days, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (39%, P = 0.07), MMP‐2 (54%), and receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) (32%). Correlations of gene expression patterns across experimental conditions and time points allowed the functional clustering of responsive genes into two distinct groups. Each cluster's specific regulatory role (formation vs. resorption) was reinforced by the 60% suppression of formation rates caused by disuse, and the 55% increase in formation rates stimulated by mechanical signals (P < 0.05). These data confirm the complexity of the bone remodeling process, both in terms of the number of genes involved, their interaction and coordination of resorptive and formative activity, and the temporal sensitivity of the processes. More detailed spatial and temporal correlations between altered mRNA levels and tissue plasticity may further delineate the molecules responsible for the control of bone mass and morphology. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 982–994, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐adipogenic effect of PDGF is reversed by PKC inhibition
Authors: Artemenko Y. , Gagnon A. , Aubin D. , Sorisky A.
Published: March 2005

Healthy adipose tissue function depends on adipogenesis. The capacity to form new adipocytes prevents the emergence of insulin‐resistant hypertrophied adipocytes, as well as the deleterious lipid deposition in muscle, liver, and pancreas. It is therefore important to understand how adipogenesis is modulated. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) is anti‐adipogenic, but the stage of differentiation that it targets, and the signaling pathways that it triggers, are not defined. We have studied the inhibitory effect of PDGF on murine 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte and human preadipocyte differentiation. There was a significant attenuation in the protein expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα, as well as in the levels of later differentiation markers, including adiponectin, aP2, and fatty acid synthase. PDGF treatment resulted in the persistence of PDGF receptor and PKCα expression, in contrast to the expected downregulation of both proteins that occurs during differentiation. Inactivation of conventional PKC isoforms, by bisindolylmaleimide I or PKC pseudosubstrate M20–28, partially reversed the inhibition of 3T3‐L1 and human preadipocyte differentiation by PDGF, as assessed by fatty acid synthase expression and morphological appearance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of oxygen on the proliferation and metabolism of adipose derived adult stem cells
Authors: Wang David W. , Fermor Beverley , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Awad Hani A. , Guilak Farshid
Published: March 2005

Articular cartilage is an avascular connective tissue that exhibits little intrinsic capacity for repair. Articular cartilage exists in a reduced oxygen (∼5%) environment in vivo; therefore, oxygen tension may be an important factor that regulates the metabolism of chondrocyte progenitors. A number of recent studies have developed tissue engineering approaches for promoting cartilage repair using undifferentiated progenitor cells seeded on biomaterial scaffolds, but little is known about how oxygen might influence these engineered tissues. Human adipose‐derived adult stem (hADAS) cells isolated from the stroma of subcutaneous fat were suspended in alginate beads and cultured in control or chondrogenic media in either low oxygen (5%) or atmospheric oxygen tension (20%) for up to 14 days. Under chondrogenic conditions, low oxygen tension significantly inhibited the proliferation of hADAS cells, but induced a two‐fold increase in the rate of protein synthesis and a three‐fold increase in total collagen synthesis. Low oxygen tension also increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis at certain timepoints. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significant production of cartilage‐associated matrix molecules, including collagen type II and chondroitin‐4‐sulfate. These findings suggest oxygen tension may play an important role in regulating the proliferation and metabolism of hADAS cells as they undergo chondrogenesis, and the exogenous control of oxygen tension may provide a means of increasing the overall accumulation of matrix macromolecules in tissue‐engineered cartilage. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequency induce apoptosis and inactivation of the multi‐chaperone complex in human epidermoid cancer cells
Authors: Caraglia Michele , Marra Monica , Mancinelli Fabrizio , D'ambrosio Guglielmo , Massa Rita , Giordano Antonio , Budillon Alfredo , Abbruzzese Alberto , Bismuto Ettore
Published: March 2005

The exposure to non‐thermal microwave electromagnetic field (MW‐EMF) at 1.95 MHz, a frequency used in mobile communication, affects the refolding kinetics of eukaryotic proteins (Mancinelli et al., 2004). On these basis we have evaluated the in vivo effect of MW‐EMF in human epidermoid cancer KB cells. We have found that MW‐EMF induces time‐dependent apoptosis (45% after 3 h) that is paralleled by an about 2.5‐fold decrease of the expression of ras and Raf‐1 and of the activity of ras and Erk‐1/2. Although also the expression of Akt was reduced its activity was unchanged likely as a consequence of the increased expression of its upstream activator PI3K. In the same experimental conditions an about 2.5‐fold increase of the ubiquitination of ras and Raf‐1 was also found and the addition for 12 h of proteasome inhibitor lactacystin at 10 μM caused an accumulation of the ubiquitinated isoforms of ras and Raf‐1 and counteracted the effects of MW‐EMF on ras and Raf‐1 expression suggesting an increased proteasome‐dependent degradation induced by MW‐EMF. The exposure of KB cells to MW‐EMF induced a differential activation of stress‐dependent pathway with an increase of JNK‐1 activity and HSP70 and 27 expression and with a reduction of p38 kinase activity and HSP90 expression. The overexpression of HSP90 induced by transfection of KB cells with a plasmid encoding for the factor completely antagonized the apoptosis and the inactivation of the ras → Erk‐dependent survival signal induced by MW‐EMF. Conversely, the inhibition of Erk activity induced by 12 h exposure to 10 mM Mek‐1 inhibitor U0126 antagonized the effects induced by HSP90 transfection on apoptosis caused by MW‐EMF. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time that MW‐EMF induces apoptosis through the inactivation of the ras → Erk survival signaling due to enhanced degradation of ras and Raf‐1 determined by decreased expression of HSP90 and the consequent increase of proteasome dependent degradation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental and mathematical study of the influence of growth factors on the growth kinetics of adult human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Barbero Andrea , Palumberi Viviana , Wagner Barbara , Sader Robert , Grote Marcus J. , Martin Ivan
Published: March 2005

This study aimed at determining how kinetic parameters of adult human articular chondrocytes (AHAC) growth are modulated by the growth factor combination TGFβ1, FGF‐2, and PDGF BB (TFP), recently shown to stimulate AHAC proliferation. AHAC, isolated from cartilage biopsies of three individuals, were cultured in medium without (CTR) or with TFP. For growth curves, AHAC were seeded at 1,000 cells/cm2 and cultured for 12 days, with cell numbers measured fluorimetrically in the same wells every 12 h. For microcolony tests, AHAC were seeded at 2.5 cells/cm2 and cultured for 6 days, with cell numbers determined for each microcolony by phase contrast microscopy every 8 h. A mathematical model combining delay and logistic equations was developed to capture the growth kinetic parameters and to enable the description of the complete growth process of the cell culture. As compared to CTR medium, the presence of TFP increased the number of cells/well starting from the fifth day of culture, and a four‐fold larger cell number was reached at confluency. For single microcolonies, TFP reduced the time for the first cell division by 26.6%, the time for subsequent cell divisions (generation time) by 16.8%, and the percentage of quiescent cells (Qc) by 42.5%. The mathematical model fitted well the experimental data of the growth kinetic. Finally, using both microcolony tests and the mathematical model, we determined that prolonged cell expansion induces an enrichment of AHAC with shorter first division time, but not of those with shorter generation time. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A proteolytic activity in rat vertebral cell cultures: Stimulation by dexamethasone–a potential mechanism for glucocorticoid regulation of osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Jia Dan , Heersche Johan N.M.
Published: March 2005

Glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological concentrations stimulate osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation in rat bone cell populations, and this is mediated in part by an increased response to insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs). Since IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate IGF actions, we evaluated whether the increased IGF responsiveness might be associated with decreased inhibitory IGFBP‐4 peptide levels. Rat vertebral cells were cultured for up to 20 days with or without dexamethasone (Dex). Cell layer proteins were extracted at day 6, 8, 14, and 20, conditioned media (CM) collected at day 8, 14, and 20, and total RNA isolated at day 14 and 20 of culture. Western blotting showed that cell layer IGFBP‐4 levels were lower, while IGFBP‐4 protease activity in CM was higher, in Dex‐treated cultures. Addition of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) antibody to CM abrogated IGFBP‐4 proteolysis. PAPP‐A mRNA levels were the same in control and Dex‐treated cultures as evaluated by RT‐PCR. Our data demonstrate that activity of the IGFBP‐4 protease, PAPP‐A, in rat bone cell cultures is increased by Dex via post‐transcriptional mechanisms. Since IGFBP‐4 mRNA levels in Dex‐treated cultures were the same as in controls at day 8, slightly lower than in controls at day 14, and higher than in controls at day 20 as shown previously, the decreased IGFBP‐4 peptide levels in Dex‐treated cultures likely result from increased IGFBP‐4 proteolysis by the elevated PAPP‐A enzymatic activity. Our findings underscore a novel mechanism whereby GCs increase IGF responses in rat bone cells via PAPP‐A‐induced IGFBP‐4 proteolysis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removal of zinc from dilute aqueous solutions by galvanochemical treatment
Authors: Zouboulis AI , Prochaska CA , Solozhenkin PM
Published: March 2005

The possibility of zinc removal, a common toxic metal, from simulated liquid effluents by the application of a novel treatment method, termed galvanochemical, was investigated. The galvanochemical process is considered as a simple, economic, friendly to the environment, method, which does not create harmful end‐products. Synthetic wastewaters were examined, these contained concentrations of zinc commonly found in real wastewaters from small‐to‐medium size industrial units, such as metal‐plating or metal‐treatment plants. These liquid wastes pose an important environmental problem, due to the content of heavy metals. The optimization of the main operating parameters was the objective of the study. The galvanic pair scrap ratio iron:coke was used for these investigations. It was found that the use of the galvanic pair mixture of 80 g dm−3 (weight per solution volume ratio), agitated at 160 rpm for 5 h, removed more than 90% of zinc from the initial solution, containing initially 50 mg dm−3 of zinc. The scanning electron microscopy/energy disperse spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis performed on the products showed that zinc was adsorbed onto the coke to a small extent and that the zinc removal was mainly based on the adsorption of zinc onto the surface of active iron oxides formed as a result of galvanochemical reactions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry