bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONFLITO DE COSMOVISÕES DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: UNIVERSALISMO VS. RELATIVISMO, E AS PROPOSTAS CONCILIÁTORIAS MULTICULTURALISTAS DE BOAVENTURA DE SOUSA SANTOS E JOAQUÍN HERRERA FLORES
Authors: De Andrade Aline Memória , Magalhães Filho Glauco Barreira
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de artigo científico que objetiva discutir soluções propostas por Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Joaquín Herrera Flores quanto ao confronto entre o universalismo e o relativismo como cosmovisões de direitos humanos. Para tanto, recorre-se à análise bibliográfica qualitativa. Inicialmente, perquiriu-se a definição de cosmovisões, a fim de inserir o universalismo e o relativismo como cosmovisões opostas, delineadas suas características fundamentais. Após, analisa-se a insuficiência das cosmovisões clássicas, a partir de críticas propostas pela doutrina, inclusive as formuladas pelos dois autores especificamente estudados. Em seguida, discute-se o multiculturalismo como uma nova cosmovisão, buscando traçar seus significados possíveis e, adotando-se a perspectiva do multiculturalismo progressista ou emancipatório, investiga-se mais a fundo as teorias de Boaventura e Herrera Flores, visando estabelecer diferenças e semelhanças entre elas. Por fim, as considerações finais concluem que o multiculturalismo progressista ou interculturalismo é, de fato, uma cosmovisão apta a solucionar o embate entre as cosmovisões clássicas do universalismo e do relativismo.
“MEU CORPO ME PERTENCE”: DO ABORTO À GESTAÇÃO DE SUBSTITUIÇÃO, UM PERCURSO JURÍDICO
Authors: Borrillo Daniel
Published: December 2020

O uso em particular de termos como “aluguel de barrigas”, “escravidão”, “mercantilização do corpo”, “venda de filhos”, “prática eugênica”, “vontade alienada”, “bebês à la carte” ou “crianças geneticamente modificados” consubstanciam algumas das estratégias discursivas que consistem em retirar da deliberação democrática a regulamentação acerca da gestação de substituição, que parece só merecer condenação e anátema. Envolvida na longa controvérsia sobre o direito do indivíduo de dispor de seu corpo, a gestação de substituição é, no entanto, objeto de um consenso negativo preocupante, tanto político quanto acadêmico. De fato, os oponentes da prática estão em todo o espectro político, desde a esquerda rebelde até os partidários da Manif pour tous, incluindo a esquerda socialista e a direita republicana. Um estranho consenso baseado em uma aversão comum ao liberalismo, seja ele econômico, político ou social. Nesse sentido, este texto propõe-se a discutir a complexa questão envolvendo a gestação de substituição, especificamente no que se refere ao cenário francês.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL DO RIO SALINAS - MG POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE MACROSCÓPICA
Authors: Silva Emilly Soares Gomes da , Marvila Paula De Souza , Santos Antônio Eduardo dos
Published: December 2020

Devido ao crescimento populacional ao longo dos anos, os recursos hídricos tem sido alvo de estudos a fim de obter informações que contribua com a recuperação de nascentes, rios, barragens e outros meios de abastecimento de água que são afetados pelo uso inadequado dos seres humanos. Nesse contexto, a análise da qualidade da água se torna importante, uma vez que a poluição gerada pelos humanos faz com que esse recurso fique ainda mais escasso. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade do Rio Salinas-MG por meio da análise macroscópica. O estudo foi realizado em 3 pontos do rio onde se concentra os maiores pontos residenciais privados e comerciais a fim de avaliar quais impactos dos mesmos no rio. Toda a coleta foi realizada em campo para análise in loco. Com os resultados foi possível constatar que as residências tanto privadas quanto comerciais têm afetado diretamente a qualidade do rio com o descarte de lixos, o que contribui para enchentes e poluição. A vegetação do rio mesmo degradada, tem sido utilizada para alimentação de animais como cavalos, sendo essa coleta feita pelos proprietários dos mesmos com o auxílio de carroças, o que prejudica o solo com o peso de tal e veículo e pisoteio dos animais, promovendo a erosão e o assoreamento do rio. Conclui-se que com a poluição e assoreamento do rio as chances de recupera-lo ficam cada vez menores, sendo o ser humano o maior responsável por tamanhos prejuízos aos recursos hídricos ainda disponíveis.
Capital espacial entre los trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos en contextos de trabajo no libre en Canadá
Authors: Montoya Zepeda Iván
Published: December 2020

En el artículo se examina el capital espacial adquirido por los trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos en Canadá como un activo que puede brindarles un poder o una influencia en contextos de trabajo no libre. Se propone pensar el mercado laboral agrícola como un campo bourdiano. Se recurre a un enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en cinco entrevistas individuales y dos colectivas efectuadas en 2011 en granjas y espacios públicos en la zona periférica de la Región de Montreal, Quebec. Fragmentos de las entrevistas permiten observar el espacio como sitio de conflicto y como un tipo de capital que confiere a los trabajadores la capacidad de agencia para enfrentarse a las relaciones de dominación y subordinación del “campo del trabajo temporal agrícola migrante en Canadá”, así como al aislamiento y exclusión socioespacial. También se observan otras formas de capital como el lingüístico y el social, los cuales permiten generar y elevar el capital espacial.
Interdependent intercultural task as a tool for developing intercultural awareness through Collaborative Online International Learning in Global Leadership
Authors: Curtindale Lori M. , Krylova Svetlana G. , Minyurova Svetlana A.
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses a teaching approach that can be used in Collaborative Online International Learning – Interdependent Intercultural Tasks (IIT). IIT are characterized by the following features: (1) they include culture-specific information that creates cognitive dissonance and motivates students to analyze information about another culture; (2) they provide instructions aimed at learning subjective information about individuals from another culture; and (3) they can only be performed through interaction between students from different countries. We expect two learning outcomes of implementing IIT in a Global Leadership course; an increase in (1) intercultural interaction when working on a collaborative project; and (2) awareness of general cultural differences and those related to a specific global problem. Preliminary findings suggest that employing IIT (i.e. having students discuss native and non-native country media articles describing culture-specific perspectives on a global problem) increases the frequency of student interactions outside the classroom and improves coordination between teammates.
Оптимизация уравнения для вычисления коэффициента заполнения при проектировании сборок Хальбаха
Authors: Balci F. , Bingolbali A. , Dogan N. , Irfan M.
Published: December 2020

Selection (spatial in-homogenous) and excitation (spatially homogenous) fields are
designed with Halbach magnets for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). Permanent magnet parameters (length and remanent flux density) and
geometrical parameters (fill factor (FF), number of magnets, and system radius) are key factors
for Halbach applications. The effect of fill factor ratio at magnetic flux density was investigated
with 4 and 8 cylindrical magnets. A new mathematical expression was developed for accurate
placement of the magnets even at 100% filling ratio (FF=1). Numerical simulations were
conducted for the proposed model and magnetic flux density of 4 magnets system was 17% more
accurate as compared to the model in the literature.
Лучистый тепловой поток от возбужденных атомов в высокочастотном ионном двигателе
Authors: Абгарян В.К. , Абгарян М.В. , Надирадзе А.Б. , Нигматзянов В.В. , Семенов А.А.
Published: December 2020

The radiant heat flux coming from the discharge plasma on the surfaces of radio frequency ion thrusters is considered. Spontaneous emission of photons is formed when the excitation of plasma atoms and ions is removed. The distributions of the densities of the heat flux brought by radiation to the surface in the thrusters are calculated. The distributions can be used in numerical calculations of temperatures in thrusters design.
How Social Media Use at Work Affects Improvement of Older People’s Willingness to Delay Retirement During Transfer From Demographic Bonus to Health Bonus: Causal Relationship Empirical Study
Authors: Ma Yiming , Liang Changyong , Gu Dongxiao , Zhao Shuping , Yang Xuejie , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2020

Background

With the increased older population in China and the subsequent reduced labor force, the “demographic bonus” is disappearing. The Chinese government proposed a Healthy China strategy in 2017. The transfer of the demographic bonus to a “health bonus” extended the working life of people and reduced the negative impact of the population’s aging on the labor force structure.

Objective

This research focuses on the effect of older workers’ social media usage at work on their work ability (related to both physical and mental health) and thus their willingness to delay retirement.

Methods

The questionnaire respondents were older than 55 years, and they obtained the questionnaire from social media, from June to July 2018. A total of 1020 valid questionnaires were collected, and SmartPLS 3.28 (SmartPLS GmbH) was used to analyze the data. Effects were analyzed using 2-tailed t tests.

Results

(1) Use of social media at work can improve information support (t14=13.318, P<.001), emotional support (t14=13.184, P<.001), and self-efficacy (t14=6.364, P<.001) for older people; (2) information support is the main factor affecting the self-efficacy of older workers (t14=23.304, P<.001), as compared with emotional support (t14=1.799, P=0.07); (3) the impacts of emotional support on work ability (t14=8.876, P<.001) and work stress (t14=9.545, P<.001) are generally higher than those of information support (t14=4.394, P<.001; t14=5.002, P<.001); (4) self-efficacy has an impact on work ability (t14=5.658, P<.001) and work stress (t14=4.717, P<.001); and (5) the impacts of work ability (t14=8.586, P<.001) and work stress (t14=8.579, P<.001) on retirement willingness are greater than those of emotional support (t14=2.112, P=.04) and information support (t14=4.314, P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study confirms that the use of social media at work has a positive impact on older workers. Based on the findings, we have put forward proposals to extend people’s working lives and help governments implement health bonus policies. In the future, we will compare the different values of willingness to delay retirement among older people in different occupations and different cultures.
System Architecture for "Support Through Mobile Messaging and Digital Health Technology for Diabetes" (SuMMiT-D): Design and Performance in Pilot and Randomized Controlled Feasibility Studies
Authors: Chi Yuan , Velardo Carmelo , Allen Julie , Robinson Stephanie , Riga Evgenia , Judge David , Tarassenko Lionel , Farmer Andrew J
Published: December 2020

Background

Diabetes is a highly prevalent long-term condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. People with diabetes commonly worry about their diabetes medicines and do not always take them regularly as prescribed. This can lead to poor diabetes control. The Support Through Mobile Messaging and Digital Health Technology for Diabetes (SuMMiT-D) study aims to deliver brief messages as tailored interventions to support people with type 2 diabetes in better use of their diabetes medicines and to improve treatment adherence and health outcomes.

Objective

This paper describes the overall architecture of a tailored intervention delivery system used in the pilot and randomized controlled feasibility studies of SuMMiT-D and reports its performance.

Methods

The SuMMiT-D system includes several platforms and resources to recruit participants and deliver messages as tailored interventions. Its core component is called the clinical system and is responsible for interacting with the participants by receiving and sending SMS text messages from and to them. The personalization and tailoring of brief messages for each participant is based on a list of built-in commands that they can use.

Results

For the pilot study, a total of 48 participants were recruited; they had a median age of 64 years (first quartile, third quartile [Q1, Q3: 54.5, 69]). For the feasibility study, a total of 209 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group; they had a median age of 65 years (Q1, Q3: 56, 71), with 41.1% (86/209) being female. The participants used the SuMMiT-D system for up to 6 months (26 weeks) and had a wide range of different interactions with the SuMMiT-D system while tailored interventions were being delivered. For both studies, we had low withdrawal rates: only 4.2% and 5.3% for the pilot and feasibility studies, respectively.

Conclusions

A system was developed to successfully deliver brief messages as tailored health interventions to more than 250 people with type 2 diabetes via SMS text messages. On the basis of the low withdrawal rates and positive feedback received, it can be inferred that the SuMMiT-D system is robust, user-friendly, useful, and positive for most participants. From the two studies, we found that online recruitment was more efficient than recruitment via postal mail; a regular SMS text reminder (eg, every 4 weeks) can potentially increase the participants’ interactions with the system.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13404264; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13404264
A Mobile Health Platform for Self-Management of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: Qualitative Study of Adaptation to Stakeholder Needs and Integration in Clinical Settings
Authors: Rutland Sarah B , Bergquist Rikard Palmer , Hager Andreas , Geurs Robin , Mims Cathy , Gutierrez Hector H , Oates Gabriela R
Published: December 2020

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited chronic condition that requires extensive daily care and quarterly clinic visits with a multidisciplinary care team. The limited exchange of information outside of the quarterly clinic visits impedes optimal disease self-management, patient engagement, and shared decision making.

Objective

The aim of this study is to adapt a mobile health (mHealth) app originally developed in Sweden to the needs of patients, families, and health care providers in a CF center in the United States and to test it as a platform for sharing patient-generated health data with the CF health care team.

Methods

Focus groups with health care providers of patients with CF, adolescents with CF, and caregivers of children with CF were conducted to determine what modifications were necessary. Focus group data were analyzed using a thematic analysis, and emergent themes were ranked according to desirability and technical feasibility. The mHealth platform was then modified to meet the identified needs and preferences, and the flow of patient-generated health data to a secure Research Electronic Data Capture database was tested. Protocols for data management and clinical follow-up were also developed.

Results

A total of 5 focus groups with 21 participants were conducted. Recommended modifications pertained to all functionalities of the mHealth platform, including tracking of symptoms, treatments, and activities of daily care; creating and organizing medication lists and setting up reminders; generating reports for the health care team; language and presentation; sharing and privacy; and settings and accounts. Overall, health care providers recommended changes to align the mHealth platform with US standards of care, people with CF and their caregivers requested more tracking functionalities, and both groups suggested the inclusion of a mental health tracker as well as more detailed response options and precise language. Beta testers of the modified platform reported issues related to translatability to US environment and various bugs.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the importance of identifying the needs and preferences of target users and stakeholders before adopting existing mHealth solutions. All relevant perspectives, including those of clinicians, patients, and caregivers, should be thoroughly considered to meet both end users’ needs and evidence-based practice recommendations.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults: Rapid Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lebrasseur Audrey , Fortin-Bédard Noémie , Lettre Josiane , Raymond Emilie , Bussières Eve-Line , Lapierre Nolwenn , Faieta Julie , Vincent Claude , Duchesne Louise , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Gagnon Eric , Tourigny André , Lamontagne Marie-Ève , Routhier François
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of countless members of the general population. Older adults are known to experience loneliness, age discrimination, and excessive worry. It is therefore reasonable to anticipate that they would experience greater negative outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic given their increased isolation and risk for complications than younger adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to synthesize the existing research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated isolation and protective measures, on older adults. The secondary objective is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated isolation and protective measures, on older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias.

METHODS

A rapid review of the published literature was conducted on October 6, 2020, through a search of 6 online databases to synthesize results from published original studies regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults. The Human Development Model conceptual framework–Disability Creation Process was used to describe and understand interactions between personal factors, environmental factors, and life habits. Methods and results are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement.

RESULTS

A total of 135 records were included from the initial search strategy of 13,452 individual studies. Of these, 113 (83.7%) studies were determined to be of level 4 according to the levels of evidence classification by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The presence of psychological symptoms, exacerbation of ageism, and physical deterioration of aged populations were reported in the included studies. Decreased social life and fewer in-person social interactions reported during the COVID-19 pandemic were occasionally associated with reduced quality of life and increased depression. Difficulties accessing services, sleep disturbances, and a reduction of physical activity were also noted.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results highlight the need for adequate isolation and protective measures. Older adults represent a heterogeneous group, which could explain the contradictory results found in the literature. Individual, organizational, and institutional strategies should be established to ensure that older adults are able to maintain social contacts, preserve family ties, and maintain the ability to give or receive help during the current pandemic. Future studies should focus on specific consequences and needs of more at-risk older adults to ensure their inclusion, both in public health recommendations and considerations made by policy makers.
AlzCoGame: A Serious Game using Machine Learning for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (Preprint)
Authors: Mezrar Samiha , Bendella Fatima
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Older people can develop cognitive problems with a range of symptoms including memory, perception, and difficulty in solving problems known as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which can lead to AD, plays an important role in the management of patients to slow the decline in cognitive function, as treatments are effective early in the course of the disease. For this, advanced computer technologies can provide a tool for early detection of AD and for predicting the progression of the disease.
This article presents a serious game formed of 16 mini-games that aimed to detect AD or MCI at the mild stage, based on gamification techniques and machine learning (ML) by overcoming the traditional testing limitations. The gamified cognitive tool, named AlzCoGame, assesses the main cognitive domains considered to be the most relevant indicators for the cognitive impairment diagnosis: working memory, episodic memory, executive functions, visuospatial orientation, concentration, and attention.
Six predictive ML models such as Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), AdaBoost (AB), and Extra Tree (ET) have been implemented using the AlzCoGame dataset. To validate the model's performance, we used the K-fold cross-validation and classification metrics (accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, F1-Score, and ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic)). The results obtained indicate that Random Forest classifier gave better performances with average Sensitivity = 0.89, Specificity = 0.93, Accuracy = 0.92, 1-Score = 0.91 and ROC = 0.91. We can conclude that the inclusion of machine learning techniques and serious games can be used to improve some aspects of the clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Moreover, clinical trials are necessary to prove the effects of this gamified program on cognitive functions and to assess usability measures.
«УМНЫЙ» УЧАСТОК МЕЛКОСЕРИЙНОЙ СБОРКИ: МАКСИМУМ ГИБКОСТИ, БЫСТРАЯ ПЕРЕНАЛАДКА, ТОЧНЫЙ УЧЕТ ВИЗИТ НА СБОРОЧНО-МОНТАЖНОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО АО «НИИ ТМ»
Authors: Ковалевский Ю. , Мейлицев В.
Published: December 2020

Не секрет, что для отечественной электронной промышленности достаточно типичными являются сборочные производства, тесно связанные с разработкой. Эти производства занимаются изготовлением многочисленных прототипов и выпуском ограниченных партий изделий при том, что запуск новой партии данного изделия может произойти через месяцы и даже годы. Одним из производителей оборудования, ориентированного именно на опытные и мелкосерийные производства, является швейцарская компания Essemtec, которая развивает линию многофункциональных сборочных автоматов, совмещающих функции нанесения паяльного материала и установки компонентов на печатное основание. В России такая техника пока встречается нечасто, и так же нечасто встречается опыт автоматизации взаимодействия между сборочным и складским оборудованием. Тем интереснее для нас было посетить Научно-­исследовательский институт точной механики, где создана и функционирует линия поверхностного монтажа, в которой автоматизированный склад и сборочный центр Essemtec Puma интегрированы в решение СКЛАД 4.0, разработанное компанией «Остек-­СМТ».
Emblemas de poder en San Pedro de Atacama durante el Período Medio (400-1.000 D.C.)
Authors: Cifuentes Aguilar Ariadna
Published: December 2020

Metals recorded in the burials of the cemeteries of San Pedro de Atacama had a significant increase during the Middle Period. They would have played an important role in setting sociopolitical relationships between local leaders and other relevant political entities of the time, such as Tiwanaku or Aguada. This research discusses the case of axes and metal maces, objects that had a limited but recurrent distribution in Atacameño cemeteries of the time. In addition, these objects might imply political power of their owners, acting as power emblems of local leaders. Based on the results, issues related to circulation and consumption of this type of objects are discussed in the context of the Middle Period in San Pedro de Atacama.
Entre las yungas y el mar
Authors: Gordillo Sandra , Aschero Carlos
Published: December 2020

In this work, archaeomalacological material recovered from the Inca Cueva-4 site, located in the homonymous stream in the extreme northwest of Argentina, is described. The set is made up of 26 elements, which make up four different types, and which were interpreted as personal ornaments. It stands out a perforated element that coincides with Polinices uber, a marine species from the Pacific. The presence of Megalobulimus spp., probably originating from the Yungas region, about 200 km away, where it currently resides, is also confirmed. Based on the context considered, it is concluded that towards the end of the Pleistocene and the early Holocene the circulation of sanctuary goods existed in an area of ​​1000 km that extends between the Pacific Ocean, the Puna and the Yungas region.
La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México: gobernabilidad y gobernanza
Authors: Espejel Mena Jaime
Published: December 2020

La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México refleja, por un lado, la relación entre los ámbitos nacional y local, y por otro, la desigualdad y el rezago por la ausencia de capacidad y coherencia para orientar los procesos urbanos de las regiones. El texto plantea que la gobernabilidad en el ámbito local es de suma importancia para lograr que el gobierno municipal sea el que provea, como instancia directa, los servicios a los ciudadanos. Se concluye que la gobernanza puede nutrir y dignificar la orientación de los procesos urbanos, cuando esta supera los privilegios de los partidos políticos.
Estrategias de desarrollo sustentable en México durante el periodo 2013-2018. Una perspectiva desde el Análisis de Redes Sociales
Authors: Álvarez Toledo Gilbet Leonardo
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar las redes de colaboración institucional enfocadas al desarrollo sustentable en México durante el periodo 2013-2018. Se trata de un estudio transversal donde se utiliza el software Gephi como herramienta práctica de Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). El resultado deja en evidencia que realmente existió un proceso de colaboración institucional en el diseño de un modelo sostenible y se comprueba que las variables de cuidado ambiental no son los únicos principios rectores del desarrollo sustentable. El análisis generado cumple con las cuatro características señaladas por Linton Freeman para definir un estudio basado en ARS.
Transparencia e Inteligencia Artificial: una nueva perspectiva
Authors: Rivera Eisenmann Mauricio
Published: December 2020

La instrumentación de la transparencia en México requiere de nuevos mecanismos más amigables y cotidianos de acceso a la información que permitan eliminar brechas entre los diversos ciudadanos y usuarios. Es por ello que la instrumentación de chatbots como ejemplos de articulación de la inteligencia artificial en los procesos de apertura gubernamental como alternativas de las solicitudes de acceso a la información es una nueva ventana de oportunidad para garantizar y potenciar el acceso y las capacidades de adquisición de información pública.
“The looters are just expropriating what they would otherwise have bought...”. Towards the phenomenology of contemporary protest in the United States
Authors: Voronin S. A. , Yakemenko Boris G.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the phenomenon of social protests that swept the United States in 2020. The article considers the evolution of the concepts of sacrifice and redemption in the modern public consciousness of the USA and Europe. The author analyzes the cause-and-effect relationships of what is happening, the phenomena accompanying the protests, in particular, looting, which is perceived by the protesters not as a marginal phenomenon, but as a necessary condition for restoring social justice.
"Pious Jew" Yakov Frizer and the Status of Jews in Siberia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Vladimirsky Irena , Krotova Mariia V.
Published: December 2020

The present article analyses some documents concerning the legal and social status of Yakov D. Frizer (1869-1932), who was a Jew, a resident of Irkutsk, a merchant of the First Guild and one of the biggest gold miners of East Siberia. The story of his life in East Siberia describes religious tolerance along with manifestations of nationalism and antisemitism. On the threshold of the 20th century, Siberia was a colorful mosaic of numerous religious groups and confessions existing in the Russian Empire. Jewish communities of Siberia were characterized by openness and heterogeneity. In contras-distinction to the Jews from the Pale of Settlement, Jews of Siberia were successfully integrated into Siberian society. Being a son of a criminal exile, Yakov Frizer in a course of time became one of the biggest Siberian entrepreneurs. Diaries from Frizers private archive sometimes pointed out to the cases of religious and ethnic disaffection, thereby demonstrating the complexity and versatility of interfaith relations in East Siberia. Using the definition of Pierre Bourdieu, several generations of Siberian Jews succeeded to build a symbolic capital that became a part of their social status, ensured their social respect, and business connections built on mutual trust, making Jews as useful society members. East Siberia in general was tolerant to questions of religious faith. The so-called Jewish question in East Siberia did not have the same sharpness as it had in Western provinces of the Russian Empire. The Jewish question in Siberia was rather an echo of anti-Semitic stereotypes that traditionally have deep roots in the Russian society, and common people consciousness. The article is based on unpublished sources and diaries from Frizers private archive, as well as on archival sources from the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Russian Federation.
Knowledge-based economy: an analytical review of the literature
Authors: Zhuparova Aziza S. , Isatayeva Gulzhan B. , Nussyupayeva Aigerim A.
Published: December 2020

Currently, the creation and development of high technologies are becoming an independent area of scientific knowledge and technological base for the transformation of the economy. However, in practice, there is a problem of shortfall in financial resources and status determination. The central idea of this article is to analyze the existing literature on research in the field of knowledge-based economics. The central idea of this article is to analyze the existing literature on research in the field of knowledge - based economy. In particular, we look at the existing literature related to the measurement of knowledge-based economy, with an indication of the most influential scientists, journals, and related publications. The document provides some answers to questions from leading journals with documents related to research in the field of knowledge-based economy, a number of articles with the highest number of citations, or a list of countries with the most research in the field of knowledge-based economy. This article has both academic and political value. From a scientific point of view, the study identifies scientists who have made the greatest contribution to research in the field of knowledge-based economy. For policy makers, this document is a report on existing practices and good practices.
Review of the monograph: Barai, M.K. (Ed.). (2020). Bangladesh’s Economic and Social Progress: From a Basket Case to a Development Model. London, Palgrave Macmillan (Springer Nature Singapore)
Authors: Iqbal Badar Alam
Published: December 2020

The monograph under review is devoted to a multilateral analysis of the Bangladesh economy and the prospects for its development in the modern world. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the financial and industrial sectors of the economy, industrial policy, the prospects for an innovative economy in Bangladesh.
Poetry by Translingual Authors (Karachay-Balkarian Sample)
Authors: Kerimova Rauzat A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper we try to comprehend the significant in the XXI century problem of literary transand bilingualism in the context of transcultural paradigm. The subject of the research is the Russian-language texts of Karachay-Balkarian writers. As a part of the study, heterogeneous models of literary expression were revealed: a new poetic trend of young authors with a non-trivial figurative system, often having nothing to do with stable formulaic representations of Karachay-Balkarian folklore. As a result of the analysis, the main trends in the art of translingual poetry are identified. According to our results, the literary work of a new generation of translingual authors gravitates toward the European cultural paradigm. Research methods: an integrated approach, combining elements of comparative-typological, system-holistic and historical-literary analysis. The studied problems contribute to the theory of translingualism in the context of literary bilingualism, typical for North Caucasian literature of the XXI century.
Adapted Fiction in Teaching Russian to Foreign and Bilingual Students
Authors: Afanasieva Nina D. , Zakharchenko Svetlana S. , Mogileva Irina B.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of adaptation of literary texts, reading of which helps foreign and bilingual students to develop linguistic, speech, socio-cultural, and communicative competence at the Russian language lessons. The authors give examples of techniques and analyze methods of adaptation which were used by the teachers of the Russian language Department at MGIMO-University working with texts by A.Pushkin and M.Lermontov.
Queueing systems with different types of renovation mechanism and thresholds as the mathematical models of active queue management mechanism
Authors: Viana Carvalho Cravid Hilquias , Zaryadov Ivan S. , Milovanova Tatiana A.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to some aspects of using the renovation mechanism (different types of renovation are considered, definitions and brief overview are also given) with one or several thresholds as the mathematical models of active queue management mechanisms. The attention is paid to the queuing systems in which a threshold mechanism with renovation is implemented. This mechanism allows to adjust the number of packets in the system by dropping (resetting) them from the queue depending on the ratio of a certain control parameter with specified thresholds at the moment of the end of service on the device (server) (in contrast to standard RED-like algorithms, when a possible drop of a packet occurs at the time of arrivals of next packets in the system). The models with one, two and three thresholds with different types of renovation are under consideration. It is worth noting that the thresholds determine not only from which place in the buffer the packets are dropped, but also to which the reset of packets occurs. For some of the models certain analytical and numerical results are obtained (the references are given), some of them are only under investigation, so only the mathematical model and current results may be considered. Some results of comparing classic RED algorithm with renovation mechanism are presented.
La geografía y el hombre de Tierradentro
Authors: Londoño Julio
Published: December 2020

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Algunas voces indígenas en el español de Colombia
Authors: Flórez Luis
Published: December 2020

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Investigaciones Arqueológicas en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Parte 3
Authors: Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo
Published: December 2020

En un reciente estudio (Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1954), he presentado una descripción de los principales rasgos arquitectónicos del sitio arqueológico de Pueblito, en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, seguida por una tipología tentativa de la cerámica correspondiente al período Tairona II. En el presente trabajo, el cual forma la continuación del estudio anterior, me propongo describir en algún detalle una serie de excavaciones efectuadas en Pueblito, en sitios de habitación.

En el curso de estas excavaciones, en repetidas ocasiones se observaron objetos de manufactura u origen europeo en asociación con objetos indígenas. En algunos casos estas asociaciones no estaban plenamente comprobables, de manera que se tuvo eventualmente cierta duda acerca de la asociación in situ; en otros casos sin embargo la asociación era evidente y la posición de los diversos artefactos hallados indicó claramente que habían sido depositados al mismo tiempo. Con el fin de eliminar toda duda acerca de la validez de tales asociaciones, he escogido en el presente trabajo cuatro sitios de habitación en los cuales se observaron dichas condiciones de contemporaneidad. En todos los cuatro sitios se trata de casas de vivienda, distribuídas sobre una amplia zona de Pueblito y situadas tanto en el centro como en la periferia del poblado. Ninguno de estos sitios figura en el mapa de Mason (1931); en el mapa publicado en nuestro estudio anterior, ellos corresponden a los números 167, 179, 238 y 257.
Economía de los Páez
Authors: Bernal Villa Segundo
Published: December 2020

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Aspecto socio-geográfico de la provincia fisio-geográfica formada por el Valle del Río San Juan y por el Codo de los Mellizos y sus estribaciones hacia el Río Cauca. (Departamento de Antioquia)
Authors: Guhl Ernesto
Published: December 2020

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Características de la personalidad masculina y femenina en Taganga
Authors: Dussán de Reichel Alicia
Published: December 2020

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La influencia del bilingüismo como factor de transformación de un sistema Fonológico
Authors: Caudmont Jean
Published: December 2020

0.—Introducción.

0.1—Planteamiento del problema.

0.2—La lengua Inga.

1.—Los elementos en presencia.

1.1—El quichua.

1.2—El español.

2.—Interferencias producidas por el español.

2.1—El bilingüísmo de los indios Inganos.

2.2—Defonogización de algunos fonemas quichuas en inga.

2.3—Tendencias a la fonologización en inga.

3.—Modificaciones en el sistema fonológico del español hablado por los indios inganos.

4.—Conclusiones.
La repartición de alimentos en una sociedad de transición
Authors: Dussán de Reichel Alicia
Published: December 2020

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Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas inseticidas em comunidades rurais de Alta Floresta – MT
Authors: De Bitencourt Oliveira Simone , Sasaya Mariane Kaori , Garlet Juliana
Published: December 2020

Os povos primitivos já utilizavam as plantas para auxiliá-los em seus problemas cotidianos, e as relações que os seres humanos estabelecem com os recursos vegetais são estudadas pela etnobotânica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar o conhecimento e uso de plantas no controle de insetos-praga por produtores familiares de comunidades rurais em Alta Floresta, MT. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas comunidades Central, Vila rural e Guadalupe, onde foram selecionados 15 produtores em cada comunidade de forma aleatória. Mais de 70% dos entrevistados já haviam usado ou conheciam plantas que apresentam ação inseticida, 22 espécies foram registradas, e as mais citadas foram: Nicotiana tabacum L. (33%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (22%), Capsicum frutescens L. (11%) e Cymbopogon winterianus Jowit (8%). Os insetos citados nas entrevistas que podem ser controlados pelas plantas bioinseticidas pertencem às ordens: Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera e Siphonoptera. O presente trabalho confirmou o conhecimento etnobotânico dos agricultores, no entanto observa-se a necessidade de mais estudos e divulgação para estimular o uso destes produtos naturais. Pode-se verificar a necessidade de investigação a respeito das plantas endêmicas da região, pois existe uma grande riqueza de espécies, no entanto as utilizadas pelos produtores não são nativas.
Shrinkage in serial intervals across cluster transmission generations of COVID-19
Authors: Zhao Shi , Zhao Yu , Tang Biao , Gao Daozhou , Guo Zhao , Chong Marc , Musa Salihu , Cai Yongli , Wang Weiming , He Daihai , Wang Maggie H
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious threat to global health, and one
of the key epidemiological factors that shape the transmission of
COVID-19 is its serial interval (SI). Although SI is commonly considered
following a probability distribution at a population scale, slight
discrepancies in SI across different transmission generations are
observed from the aggregated statistics in recent studies. To explore
the change in SI across transmission generations, we develop a
likelihood-based statistical inference framework to examine and quantify
the change in SI. The COVID-19 contact tracing surveillance data in Hong
Kong are used for exemplification. We find that the individual SI of
COVID-19 is likely to shrink with a rate of 0.72 per generation and
95%CI: (0.54, 0.96) as the transmission generation increases. We
speculate that the shrinkage in SI is an outcome of competition among
multiple candidate infectors within a cluster of cases. The shrinkage in
SI may speed up the transmission process, and thus the nonpharmaceutical
interventive strategies are crucially important to mitigate the COVID-19
epidemic.
Which criteria should be used to select patients for the Fontan operation?
Authors: Almodovar Melvin C , Mulinari Leonardo
Published: December 2020

The Fontan operation has improved the survival of children born with
single ventricle physiology. Selecting candidates for the Fontan
operation may be difficult on borderline cases. No clear criterion has
been established on the risk for staged Fontan palliation. Another
aspect that remains controversial is the indications for fenestration.
Intraoperative pulmonary flow study may identify high-risk patients for
the procedure. In this report, the authors describe their results with
Fontan procedures in children with pulmonary pressure >15
mmHg.
On Levinson's inequality involving averages of 3-convex functions
Authors: Vukelic Ana
Published: December 2020

By using the Levinson inequality we give the extension for 3-convex functions of Wulbert's result from Favard's Inequality on Average Values of Convex Functions, Math. Comput. Model. 37 (2003), 1383-1391. Also, we obtain inequalities with divided differences, and as a consequence, the convexity of higher order for function defined by divided difference is proved. Further, we construct a new family of exponentially convex functions and Cauchy-type means by looking at linear functionals associated with these new inequalities.
A study of Möbius-Bernoulli numbers
Authors: Kim Daeyeoul , Bayad Abdelmejid , Ahn Hyungyu
Published: December 2020

Let k be a non-negative integer. We define the M?bius-Bernoulli numbers which is denoted by Mk(n) and double M?bius-Bernoulli numbers Mk(n, n') for some n, n' ? N. In this article, we find formula of Mk(n, n') and examples.
A matheuristic approach for solving the 2-connected dominating set problem
Authors: Jovanovic Raka , Voß Stefan
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a matheuristic approach for solving the 2-connected dominating set problem (2-CDS). The goal of the proposed method is to find near optimal solutions for large graphs. The algorithm is based on a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP). Its performance is enhanced by combining it with a second local search method that uses a Mixed Integer Program. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on large unit disc graphs having varying edge densities and on general graphs.
Error-functions in double-sided Taylor's approximations
Authors: Malesevic Branko , Lutovac Tatjana , Rasajski Marija , Banjac Bojan
Published: December 2020

In this paper we introduce the error-functions for one-sided and double-sided Taylor's approximations of real analytic functions. We illustrate the application of error-functions in the process of generalization of one trigonometric inequality.
Gradimir Milovanovic - a master in approximation and computation: Part II
Authors: Rassias Themistocles , Spalevic Miodrag
Published: December 2020

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Restoration of Hypoglycemia Awareness Alters Brain Activity in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nwokolo Munachiso , Amiel Stephanie A. , O’Daly Owen , Macdonald Ian A. , Zelaya Fernando O. , Choudhary Pratik
Published: December 2020

Objective

Impaired
awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major risk factor
for severe hypoglycemia (SH), and is associated with atypical responses to hypoglycemia
in brain regions involved in arousal, decision-making and memory. Whether restoration of hypoglycemia awareness
alters these responses is unknown. We sought to investigate the impact of awareness
restoration on brain responses to hypoglycemia.

Research
Design and Methods

Twelve T1D
IAH adults underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling functional MRI
during a hypoglycemic clamp (5mmol/L-2.6mmol/L), before and after a hypoglycemia
avoidance program of structured education (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating,
DAFNE), specialist support and sensor-augmented pump therapy (Medtronic
Minimed™ 640G). Hypoglycemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses were compared
pre- and post-intervention using predefined region of interest analysis of the
thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and
hippocampus.

Results

Post-intervention,
Gold and Clarke scores fell (6.0±1.0 to 4.0±1.6, p=0.0002; 5.7±1.7 to 3.4±1.8,
p=0.0008), SH rates reduced (1.5±2 to 0.3±0.5 episodes per year, p=0.03), hypoglycemic
symptom scores increased (18.8±6.3 to 27.3±12.7, p=0.02), epinephrine
responses did not change (p=0.2). Post-intervention, hypoglycemia induced
greater increases in ACC CBF (p=0.01, peak voxel coordinates [6,40,-2]),
while thalamic and OFC activity did not change.

Conclusions

Increased blood
flow is seen within brain pathways involved in internal self-awareness and decision-making
(ACC) after restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, suggesting partial recovery
of brain responses lost in IAH. Resistance of frontothalamic networks, involved
in arousal and emotion processing, may explain why not all IAH individuals
achieve awareness restoration with education and technology alone.
Individualized and controlled laser beam pretreatment process for adhesive bonding of fiber-reinforced plastics. II. Automatic laser process control by spectrometry
Authors: Dittmar Hagen , Weiland Josef , Wippo Verena , Schiebahn Alexander , Jaeschke Peter , Kaierle Stefan , Reisgen Uwe , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the research conducted on the automation for a UV laser-based surface pretreatment of fiber-reinforced composites in order to improve adhesive bonding conditions. In a preceding process step, a laser-line-triangulation system gathered inline information on a composite part’s surface like topology and location of surface contaminants. These data are the basis for an automation of the laser-based surface treatment [J. Weiland, B. Kunze, H. Dittmar, B. Marx, A. Schiebahn, P. Jaeschke, L. Overmeyer, and U. Reisgen, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part E: J. Process Mech. Eng. 234, 1–10 (2020)]. The gathered data describe the position of bonding areas and surface contaminants and are converted into relative coordinates of the laser’s scanning field. During the following laser process, the bonding area is ablated to improve adhesive bonding conditions. The process is monitored online by a broad bandwidth spectrometer covering the range of λ = 200–1100 nm to detect changes in the surface composition. If the spectrometer detects signals related to specific surface contaminants during the laser process, the position of the contamination is logged. In this case, only the areas that showed traces of surface contaminations are laser treated again until the spectrometer stops detecting the contaminant signature. This work presents results of two series of experiments. During the first series of experiments, the spectrometer monitored a UV laser process on a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy. The laser processing was performed on a clean and contaminated surface. An industry standard release agent contaminated the plastic surface. The spectrometer detected differences between the clean and contaminated surface that will be used for an automatic process control. In a second series of experiments, the authors performed a processing parameter analysis in order to identify a potential process window for laser-based surface pretreatment for glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6. Contact angle analysis, surface roughness measurements, peel strength, and shear strength tests were performed. The results show that an inline controlled laser process is robustly able to pretreat composite surfaces based on spectrometric measurements.