bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Parents Become Therapists: Their Attitudes Toward Parenting Three Years Later
Authors: Forrest Patricia , Holland Cornelius , Daly Raymond , Fellbaum G. Anthony
Published: October 2014

The following study reports on the long lasting changes in attitudes of mothers who were trained to act as change agents of remediation for the problem behaviours of their children which occasioned them to seek professional help. Three years after termination of treatment, attitude changes not only were maintained but continued to increase in a positive direction.
Ritual and Illness
Authors: Grimes Ronald L.
Published: October 2014

Ritual is a concept sometimes used polemically in discussions of health care. Ritual studies can provide a more adequate theoretical orientation than the ones assumed in these debates. As a discipline in the field of religious studies, it treats ritual as embodied metaphor and insists that ritual includes highly differentiated forms, such as religious liturgy and civil ceremony, as well as tacit forms, such as interaction ritual and ritualization. Interaction ritual, in which health care workers participate implicitly, is usually severed from explicit healing rites performed by clergy; therefore, I argue, we need to develop rituals that bridge the gap between tacit medical ones and overtly ecclesiastical ones.
Citizen Participation Training in Canada: An Action Agenda for the Anxious Eighties
Authors: Connor Desmond M.
Published: October 2014

The changing social, political and economic climate has brought about dramatic shifts in the public's demand for social services. While some people lapse into helplessness, more respond to rising levels of generalized anxiety and hostility by demanding a say in decisions that affect them. These developments are more readily appreciated against a review of the evolution of citizen participation. An important part of the new approach to training human service professionals is a mutual education process by which insights and competence is transferred between citizen leaders and social service professionals so that both will be more effective. A special application of citizen participation can be used when organizational downsizing is forced by budget cuts affecting government agencies and voluntary associations. A crative and pro-active approach to the organization's publics can enable it to do more with less and even improve the quality of its services.
Technology: Implications for Training
Authors: Moore G.A.B.
Published: October 2014

In this article a learning model is presented to give perspective on the use of technology in education and training. Individual learning styles and levels of intellectual development are reviewed as an added variable in the teaching-learning situation. The microchip appears to be revolutionizing our communication technology and presenting new opportunities and problems for educators in the human services. The role of personal microcomputers, Telidon and other electronic systems are discussed and their implications for adult education and training developed. How the training of others to use this new technology is also described.
To Evaluate or Not to Evaluate: That is not the Question!
Authors: Wilchesky Marc
Published: October 2014

Many program managers struggle with the issue of conducting program evaluations. Although few would argue against the concept of being accountable for the mental health services which they provide, many program managers seem to resist actually implementing program evaluation procedures. Some of the reasons for this resistance are discussed. Suggestions for overcoming this resistance are offered from the perspective of a program manager of a small children's mental health centre.
Anatomy of a Decision: Recent Land Use Zoning Appeals and their Effect on Group Home Locations in Ontario
Authors: Dear Michael , Laws Glenda
Published: October 2014

In this paper we consider the role of land use planning in the location of group homes. Exclusionary zoning policies have been used to restrict the entry of group homes into certain residential neighbourhoods. This has resulted in an unequal distribution of these facilities throughout the community. We concentrate on events in Metropolitan Toronto where it has recently been announced that group homes are to be regarded as a permissible land use in all residential neighbourhoods.
A Survey of Assessment/Referral Services for Alcohol and Drug Abusers in Ontario
Authors: Ogborne Alan C. , Dwyer David
Published: October 2014

This report gives basic descriptive information on 20 assessment/referral services in Ontario. Details of client characteristics and referral practices are also included. The results suggest a diversity of services with some having an uncertain future. A more conservative use of the term “assessment/referral service” is suggested and criteria for defining an assessment/referral service presented. Suggestions for further research are also made.
Estime de Soi, Solitude et Dépression Chez Les Chômeurs Diplômés D'Université Selon La Durée du Chômage: Une Comparaison Avec Les Non Diplômés
Authors: De Grâce Gaston-R , Joshi Purushottam
Published: October 2014

The present research studies the level of self-esteem, loneliness and depression in a sample of unemployed university graduates, taking into consideration the duration of unemployment. Thus, the subjects are divided into three groups: recently unemployed (1 month and less), moderately unemployed (6-7 months), and chronically unemployed (11-12 months). The instruments used are The Social Self-Esteem Inventory, The U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale, and the Beck Depression Scale. The results show that the level of self-esteem is significantly lower for the chronically unemployed as compared to the recently unemployed. On the other hand, loneliness is significantly greater for chronically unemployed than for recently unemployed. Finally, depression is significantly greater for the moderate group as compared to the recent one, and for chronically unemployed than for the recently unemployed. The results for the unemployed university graduates are significantly different from those obtained from non graduates on two variables: the recently unemployed graduates have a greater self-esteem than recently unemployed non graduates. Moreover, the chronically unemployed graduates experience more depression as compared to their non graduate counterparts.
The Effects of Childhood Chronic Illness on the Family: Implications for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Tritt Sharon Goszer , Esses Lillian M.
Published: October 2014

This article traces and assesses the progress that has been made to date in understanding how childhood chronic illness impacts on subsystems of the family as well as on the family as a unit. Review of both the theoretical and the clinical literature raises several questions, including the utility of adopting a psychopathological model to ascertain the functioning of subsystems and the entire system in families wherein there exists a chronically ill child. The implications of these questions for future research endeavors and for clinical practice are discussed.
Juvenile Prostitution and Child Sexual Abuse: A Controlled Study
Authors: Bagley Chris , Young Loretta
Published: October 2014

This study presents a Canadian replication of the work of Silbert and Pines (1982a) on entry to prostitution. Our results, like those of the American workers, point to a picture of multiple abuse and degradation of the 45 former prostitutes interviewed, both before and after entry to prostitution. The Canadian work of Badgley (1984), apparently showing juvenile prostitutes are no more likely to experience child sexual abuse than members of the general population, has been criticized on methodological grounds. The present study indicates 73% of prostitutes were sexually abused in childhood, compared to 29% of a control group obtained in a random population survey. Comparison with control subjects indicated severity of sexual abuse in childhood was a significant contributor of the currently poor mental health and diminished self-esteem of the former prostitutes.
Coping and Satisfaction Among The Chronically Mentally Disabled
Authors: Kearns Robin A. , Taylor S. Martin , Dear Michael
Published: October 2014

In this paper we describe a socio-ecological model of coping to serve as a conceptual framework for research on the factors influencing the quality of everyday life among the chronically mentally disabled in the community. Interview data collected from 66 clients in three aftercare programs in Hamilton. Ontario are used to construct composite indices of coping and satisfaction. The relationships between these indices and client and community variables are examined. The results are the basis for profiling the characteristics of clients who report different levels of coping and satisfaction.
Impact De La Presence D'une Personne Atteinte De Troubles Mentaux Chroniques Sur Les Parents Memberes D'un Groupe D'entraide Et Analyse De Leurs Strategies D'adaptation: Etude Descriptive
Authors: St-Onge Myreille , Lavoie Francine
Published: October 2014

Beaucoup de personnes présentant des problèmes chroniques de santé mentale réintégrées à la communauté sont accueillies par leur famille. Par contre, l'obligation morale des parents face à leur proche ne doit pas obscurcir la responsabilité politique de développer des ressources de réadaptation pour allèger leur fardeau. Les parents ne peuvent composer avec cette situation problématique qu'au detriment de leur propre santé mentale et physique, Cette étude a pu déteriner que les parents portent un lourd fardeau et sont laissés à eux-memes pour composer avec cette situation difficite. Ils ont par contre acquis une série d'habiletés specifiques dans ce domaine et devraient ětre reconnus comme des interlocuteurs valables par les professionnels de la santé mentale dans le traitement et la réadaptation de leur proche.
Housing for the Chronically Mentally Disabled: Part II — Process and Outcome
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Fowler Heather Smith
Published: October 2014

This paper reviews process and outcome research on community housing programs for the chronically mentally disabled. Several methods for conceptualizing and assessing housing environments are presented, and pertinent literature on each method is then reviewed. Next, research on the impact of various types of housing programs on clients' adaptation is reviewed. Methodological problems in both the process and outcome research are highlighted, and directions for future research are suggested. It is concluded that future research requires an integration of the process and outcome findings and methods to ascertain how different program characteristics are related to different facets of adaptation for different client groups.
Social Network Attributes of Families With Positive Adaptation to the Birth of A Developmentally Disabled Child
Authors: Trute Barry , Hauch Christopher
Published: October 2014

Families who had adjusted well to the birth of a developmentally disabled child, and who were providing home care in the Province of Manitoba in Canada, were studied to explore their family attributes and social network characteristics. A survey was completed in thirty-six households involving the completion of a structured interview. This paper focuses on the consistent pattern that emerged across these strong families in their employment of social network resources. Successful adaptation to the birth of a developmentally disabled child seemed tied to skillful parental coordination of small, intense human networks in which extended family and friends provided different types of human support.
Enquete Sur Le Vecu Des Etudiants Et Les Comportements Suicidaires A L'Universite De Montreal
Authors: Bouchard Louise , Morval Monique
Published: October 2014

Sept cent six réponses ont été obtenues à l'envoi de 1500 questionnaires à un èchantillon représentatif des étudiants á plein temps de l'Universitè de Montrèal. Les résultats montrent qu'il n'existe aucune différence significative entre les étudiants suicidaires et leurs pairs quant aux caractèristiques démographiques. Les premiers ont vècu significativement plus d'événements stressants au cours de la dernière annèe et perčoivent moins d'unite, de cohésion, d'entraide, et de soutien parmi les membres de leur entourage. Ils sont plus insatisfaits des èchanges qu'ils entretiennent avec leurs pairs et ont davantage de difficultè à rattrapper la matière manquée. Des considérations d'ordre préventif sont amenées en conclusion.
Socio-Economic Factors and Mental Health Problems: Can Census-Tract Data Predict Referral Patterns?
Authors: Kates Nick , Krett Erika
Published: October 2014

A two-stage analysis examined whether socio-demographic factors drawn from census data that correlated with referral patterns to a community mental health service were reflected in people being seen at the service. The most strongly correlated factor (the percentage of poor families in a census tract) was also reflected among people seen. Among conclusions drawn are a link between poverty and mental health problems; the need for a broader understanding of the concept of socio-economic class, and the limitations of using census data alone to predict referral patterns to mental health services.
Renting Rooms in Three Canadian Cities: Accepting and Rejecting the Aids Patient
Authors: Page Stewart
Published: October 2014

Following methods previously developed, the social stigma associated with AIDS was investigated by placing 90 telephone calls to landlords advertising rooms for rent in each of three Canadian cities: Windsor, Toronto, and Halifax. Compared to control conditions, calls ostensibly from AIDS patients were likely to elicit negative responses as to availability of the advertised room. The results provided an initial examination of the public's attitude toward conditions such as AIDS. Results were compared with those of previous studies investigating stigmatization of the mentally ill, in which the competing themes of acceptance and rejection were also found. Results were discussed in the context of strategies for measurement of attitudes toward minority or stigmatized groups.
Preparation Needs of Infertile Couples Who Seek to Adopt
Authors: Daly Kerry
Published: October 2014

Based on in-depth interviews with 74 infertile couples seeking to adopt children, suggestions are made for modifying public adoption practice. Key findings in the study suggest couples experienced a loss of control, felt inadequately prepared for adoptive parenthood, and were socially isolated. Suggestions are made for how to incorporate empowerment, education, and support into adoption practice in order to build a stronger foundation for adoptive relationships.
Getting Through The Front Door: Improving Initial Appointment Attendance At a Mental-Health Clinic
Authors: MacLean Lynne M. , Greenough Timothy , Jorgenson Vonda , Couldwell Margo
Published: October 2014

When clients fail to arrive for their initial appointments, the result is wasted clinician and clerical time and effort. The present study attempted to find a cost-efficient way to reduce initial appointment no-show rates in a children's community mental-health clinic. Four types of reminder letters were compared to each other and to a system whereby forms were completed and returned prior to appointment setting. Results showed that all interventions reduced the no-show rate significantly, that all reminder letters worked equally well, and that use of forms was significantly better than letters in reducing the no-show rate. All approaches were considered cost-efficient. Results are discussed in terms of commitment required for form responses, and suggestions are made for future research.
The Development of Social Policy: The Impact of the Charter of Rights
Authors: Hughes Patrica
Published: October 2014

The article assumes social well-being must be grounded in adequate housing, medical care, and similar social or economic preconditions. Until recently, efforts to ensure the fundamental requirements of a decent life have been made primarily through political means. The article assesses the role of the courts in improving social well-being through their responses to issues raised under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982). The paper applies five guidelines to case law decided under the Charter: (a) the self-imposed role of the courts as custodians of constitutionality rather than as policy makers; (b) the nature of the Charter as a political rather than an economic document; (c) the significance of the way in which an issue is characterized; (d) the courts' treatment of “social legislation” as a policy concern; and (e) the courts' limited remedial jurisdiction. The article concludes that the extent to which the courts will act as policy makers will be determined by the way in which the persons appearing before them apply the courts' own sense of their limitations and the limitations of the Charter itself. Regardless, resort to the courts must now be seen as another tool of social policy making.
The Forgotten Purpose and Future Promise of University Education
Authors: Gilbert S. N.
Published: October 2014

The paper reviews trends and fundamental purposes of university education in Canada over the 20th century. A major traditional function of university education has been neglected. An emerging direction in late 20th-century university practice is identified and a more suitable approach for the 21st century is suggested.
Closing The Gap Between Health Policy And The Home-Care Needs of Tomorrow's Elderly
Authors: Neysmith Sheila M.
Published: October 2014

The Canada Health Act guarantees access to medical care for all Canadians and outlines a funding mechanisms for achieving this goal. However, it also entrenches patterns of authority and service models which reflect a hierarchical model of health care. Using the field of home care, it is argued that health structures enshrined in current legislation will actually impede the development of alternative types of service and organizational arrangements needed to meet the needs of future elderly Canadians requiring health care in their homes.
Quality of Life Outcomes of Supported Employment
Authors: Pedlar Alison , Lord John , Van Loon Meg
Published: October 2014

This paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study of supported employment. The purpose of the study was to trace the process whereby people with a developmental handicap entered supported employment and became employed in regular jobs, and to consider the quality of life of those individuals. The quality of life of all participants was considerably enhanced as a result of the supported employment experience. The study also identified several problem areas and strategies for improving supported employment, particularly with respect to providing unobtrusive support in the workplace and facilitating social integration of the employee.
Poverty and Disability: Toward a New Framework for Community Mental Health
Authors: Rioux Marcia H. , Crawford Cameron
Published: October 2014

Canadians who have disabilities are generally poor and have little if any significant attachment to the paid labour force. Income level and work have both been identified as critical factors in health and mental health. This article critically examines some of the key systemic factors responsible for the close bond that fuses disability, low participation in employment, and poverty. It outlines alternative principles for policy and program design, and examines in some detail the concrete implications of these principles as applied to the area of income programming. These alternatives could, it is argued, contribute to more inclusive workplaces and to an income system around disability that is more rational and equitable.
Leisure, Health, and Disability: A Review and Discussion
Authors: Caldwell Linda L. , Gilbert Adrienne A.
Published: October 2014

There is growing evidence that leisure is an important aspect of people's lives. The satisfactions gained from leisure often outweigh those gained from employment or other work activities. Individuals with disabilities are no exception to this phenomenon. Opportunity to engage in leisure activities of one's choosing is paramount to a disabled person's health and well-being. The purposes of this article are to: (a) describe the potential benefits of participation in recreation and leisure to individuals with disabilities, (b) describe what is currently known about leisure and disability, and (c) suggest research directions. An enabling model of leisure and mental health is offered.
Mental-Health Policy in Ontario Compared to Policy for Persons With Developmental Handicaps
Authors: Simmons Harvey G.
Published: October 2014

It is generally agreed that policy for developmentally handicapped people in Ontario has been more successful than mental-health policy. The reasons for this are explained in terms of nine key variable which have a major impact on policy: language, money, pressure groups, the press, opposition political parties, the bureaucracy, the minister of health, the professions, and the law. No ranking of these variables is attempted because, it is argued, is it impossible to capture the flow of politics by establishing a hierarchy of influences.
Vocational Programs and Services in Canada
Authors: Cochrane Jeanette J. , Goering Paula , Rogers Joy M.
Published: October 2014

This paper offers an overview of the psychiatric vocational rehabilitation system using brief descriptions of Canadian program models to describe employment preparation services and vocational programs. The psychiatric rehabilitation literature clearly demonstrates that persons with psychiatric disabilities are potentially employable if they are provided with appropriate services, employment programs, and support. Although vocational programs are proliferating in all provinces across Canada, there are strong indications that more programming and funding is urgently needed.
The Prevalence and Mental Health Sequels of Child Sexual Abuse in a Community Sample of Women Aged 18 to 27
Authors: Bagley Christopher
Published: October 2014

A community mental health survey of 750 women aged 18 to 27 in a large urban centre established mental health profiles using a variety of measures, including investigations of any history of child abuse (including sexual abuse, defined as the unwanted fondling of the child's genital area, or attempted or achieved penetration of the child's body before the age of 17). Overall, 32% of respondents recalled abuse of this type. Of the 750 women, 6.8% had experienced sexual abuse which went on for more than one week. This long-term category included virtually all of those who experienced abuse by a trusted, authority figure. The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) was found to be the most useful instrument among the several used in identifying sexual abuse histories. Scores of 30 or more on the TSC identified 72% of victims of long-term abuse, while 23% of those with scores of 30 + had experienced short-term sexual abuse. Seven percent of individuals with 30 + scores had never experienced (or did not recall) sexual abuse. No particular sub-scale of the TSC had better utility in identifying former victims than did the scale total.
Satisfaction, Happiness, and Self-Esteem of Older Rural Parents
Authors: Harvey Carol D. H. , Bond John B. , Greenwood Leonard J.
Published: October 2014

Effects of familial social support on three indicators of well-being among elderly rural Manitobans were examined. Social exchange theory predicted interaction with offspring would have no effect on well-being, while being religious, having high income, and good health would have a positive effect. A random sample of 137 respondents was obtained via personal structures interviews. Three indicators of well-being, daily satisfaction, global happiness, and self-esteem were regressed against demographic variables, interaction with offspring, religiosity, income, and health. Results were only partially consistent with social exchange theory. Parental contact with children predicted life satisfaction but was unrelated to global happiness. Religiosity predicted global happiness for both fathers and mothers and satisfaction for fathers. Good health predicted higher satisfaction and global happiness for both fathers and mothers. Income was unrelated to all measures of well-being. Self-esteem was not predicted by any independent variable for mothers or fathers.
The Relationship Between Social Support and Morale: Comparisons of the Widowed and Never Married in Later Life
Authors: Matthews Anne Martin
Published: October 2014

Through an analysis of data from 152 widowed and 62 never-married elderly residents of southern Ontario, this paper examines the relationship between social support and well-being, measured in terms of morale. The data indicate that while perceived social support is related to morale, particularly among the widowed, measures of available support are not directly associated with well-being among the widowed and never-married elderly. Indeed, reliance upon others for support is, in some circumstances, associated with decreased well-being among the elderly.
The Transition From Informal to Formal Sources of Support With Tasks of Daily Living
Authors: Chipperfield Judith G. , Havens Betty
Published: October 2014

This study examined two issues related to the transition from informal to formal support sources of support: (a) the link between losses within the social network and a transition in source of support, and (b) the association between transitions toward formal sources of support and changes in wellbeing. Included were a subset of community-dwelling elders who participated in the Aging in Manitoba Studies and who survived over a 12-year follow up (n = 384). Women, but not men, experienced a transition to formal support with the less of a spouse or housemate, or with recent relocation to a new community. Moreover, for some women, the shift toward formal support was associated with declines in well-being, but this was true for only one of several measures of well-being. Thus, little evidence was found to suggest that the transition from informal to formal support has a detrimental effect on elders' levels of well-being.
What Makes a House a Home? An Evaluation of a Supported Housing Project for Individuals with Long-Term Psychiatric Backgrounds
Authors: Boydell Katherine M. , Everett Barbara
Published: October 2014

Supported housing (as distinct from supportive housing) emphasizes the values of consumer choice; independence; participation; permanence; normalcy; and flexible, ongoing supports. As a model, it has only recently become popular in the literature and therefore little is known of its effectiveness in serving people with long-term psychiatric backgrounds. In 1989, Homeward Projects, a community mental health agency located in Metropolitan Toronto, established a supported housing project. Homeward included an evaluative component in its program from the outset. In order to give equal weight to the tenants' opinions, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed. In the quantitative component, residential milieu, social support, and service delivery were examined. The qualitative component involved an ethnographic study which allowed the tenants to voice their experiences of living in such a setting. Results provided a rich understanding of the model. Overall, the tenants eventually came to describe their house as a home.
A-Way Express: A Way to Empowerment through Competitive Employment
Authors: Hartl Karla
Published: October 2014

As traditional vocational rehabilitation programs for the psychiatrically disabled have failed to improve participation of this most marginalized group in the labour force, alternatives are needed to deal with extremely high unemployment of psychiatric survivors. The following article describes a grassroots initiative that has considerably changed life and employment prospects of 50 consumers-survivors in Toronto.
Attitudes of Women Toward Work in Socialist and Capitalist Cities: A Comparative Study of Beijing, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Cecilia , Law C. K. , Kwok Rita
Published: October 2014

Employed women are taking on multiple roles in the family and at work. The multiple role expectations are sources of stress and strain on working women. The attitude of working women toward their employment in socialist and capitalist societies may differ owing to the different ideological culture of the societies. This paper reports the results of a comparative study of 1,500 female respondents in the socialist cities of Beijing and Guangzhou as well as that of capitalist Hong Kong. Most respondents felt strongly about sex discrimination in the workplace. Respondents in China are more positive toward work, while respondents in Hong Kong place higher priority on the family.
Parent Education Program Evaluation: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Todres Rubin , Bunston Terry
Published: October 2014

This review of parent education evaluations examined three approaches to parent education: behaviour modification, parent effectiveness training (PET), and the Adlerian approach. Our review demonstrated that on the majority of outcome measures, whether examining behaviour or attitude change or change in family dynamics, results were either mixed or not statistically significant. The most frequent methodological problems were lack of random assignment, failure to match groups, absence of consideration of experimenter bias, and failure to incorporate sufficiently large numbers of individuals into the design. There was also an absence of long-term follow-ups and control groups, whether a no-treatment or placebo group that was truly independent of the program. Finally these evaluations are limited in their ability to match outcome to process and to parent characteristics and thus hindered in their ability to plan effective parent education programs.
The Courage to Leave: An Exploration of Spanish-Speaking Women Victims of Spousal Abuse
Authors: Pilowsky Judith Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

Interviews were conducted with eight Spanish-speaking women from Latin America living in Toronto. All eight women were physically and psychologically abused by their partners in the past. Using a qualitative grounded-theoretical method of analysis, a hierarchical structure of categories was developed. This methodology generated the core category of Immobilization which, in turn, was characterized by four distinct phases: Denial, Socialization, Ignorance, and Social Isolation. These intra-psychic and social factors all converge, developmentally, to provide a new moral domain for these women. Two competing moral premises are then engaged: the moral mandate that “good women provide a strong family base for their children,” and the conflicting mandate that “people should not harm those they love.” The “Turning Point” is a point in this convergence when the women begin to privilege the second moral premise: namely, that self-respect and self-care are the moral right of every women. During this developmental process, a key point of awareness is the availability of social support systems.
Acculturation and Mental Health Among Greek-Canadians in Toronto
Authors: Sands Eleftheria A. , Berry John W.
Published: October 2014

Acculturation occurs when culturally diverse groups of people come into continuous first-hand contact inducing changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups (Redfield, Linton, & Herskovits, 1936). Following immigration, individuals of various acculturating groups can adapt in various ways (Berry, 1984): They can integrate, assimilate, or separate themselves, or they can become marginalized. Sometimes migration can be associated with mental health breakdown depending on factors related to the migrating group (e.g., language fluency) and/or the host society (e.g., discrimination). Marginalization has often been found to be associated with such breakdown. The present study had three goals: (a) to compare the level of acculturative stress in first- and second-generation Greek-Canadians, (b) to evaluate whether marginalization is associated with higher levels of stress, and (c) to compare the level of depression in both generations. Results showed stress and depression levels were not significantly different between the two generations, and marginalization was associated with more stress and depression in both generations.
Ethnocultural Parent Education in Canada: Current Status and Directions
Authors: Short Kathryn H. , Johnston Charlotte
Published: October 2014

The delivery of parent education services to families from ethnocultural communities in Canada is considered. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of matching programs to the needs of participants, an extensive review of the literature revealed only five published studies evaluating parent education programs within ethnocultural communities. Because it was hypo-thesized that ethnocultural parent education programs exist in Canada despite the paucity of published data, community and tertiary care organizations were surveyed regarding their efforts in this area. The majority of service providers that responded to the survey indicated they do employ special provisions for parents from ethnocultural communities. The most frequently endorsed provisions included: addressing cultural issues within the program curriculum, utilizing ethnocultural facilitators, and offering the program in the first language of the participants. Future directions that follow from the findings are discussed. In particular, the need for empirical evaluation regarding the utility and acceptability of these cultural provisions is stressed.
L'aide Que Des Femmes Offrent à Leur Fils Ou à Leur Fille Présentant Des Troubles Psychotiques et le Réseau de Soutien de Ces Femmes
Authors: St-Onge Myreille , Lavoie Francine
Published: October 2014

Cet article décrit le soutien à la vie quotidienne que des mères offrent à leur enfant d'âge adulte atteint de troubles psychotiques ainsi que celui qu'elles reçoivent de leur entourage par rapport à des besoins spécifiques aux troubles de leur enfant. Les 99 participantes ont été rencontrées par l'entremise de centres hospitaliers et de groupes d'entraide et représentent lous les milieux socio-économiques. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en relief que les participantes offrent un soutien important à leur enfant, qu'elles ressentent une forte préoccupation quant au bien-ètre de celui-ci et que leur famille personnelle est leur principale source de soutien émotif, de conseils, et d'aide concrète. Les professionnels et professionnelles de la santé mentale, en bonne partic par l'entremise de ressources intermédiaires ou communautaires, offrent surtout un soutien informationnel. Les répondantes faisant partie d'un groupe d'entraide se distinguent de façon significative des autres répondantes à l'étude à l'effet qu'elles ressentent plus de besoins par rapport aux troubles de leur enfant et qu'elles sont plus préoccupées de son bien-ětre.
The Experience of Mental Health Consumers as Researchers
Authors: Morrell-Bellai Tammy L. , Boydell Katherine M.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of six mental health consumers who were involved in paid employment as researchers in the mental health field. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these individuals in order to identify any benefits experienced as a result of their employment and to identify special needs that should be considered when employing consumers. Although consumers felt they had benefitted from their employment, several unmet needs were identified. The study findings support both the benefits experienced by mental health consumers who are employed as researchers and the necessity of providing meaningful opportunities for them to give feedback on their experience.
Better Beginnings, Better Futures: A Community-Based Approach to Primary Prevention
Authors: Peters Ray DeV
Published: October 2014

Better Beginnings, Better Futures is a 25-year primary prevention policy research demonstration project. Its major purpose is to assess the extent to which community-based primary prevention programs can be effective in preventing emotional, behavioural, physical and cognitive problems in children from economically disadvantaged communities. The project grew out of a number of primary prevention initiatives introduced by the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services (MCSS) since the late 1970s. Eleven sites, four of them located on native reserves, received funding in January, 1991 to establish programs in their communities. From the beginning, a qualitative, naturalistic research approach has been utilized to document and understand the ways in which the programs have developed in the various Better Beginnings communities.
The Planning and Implementation of Government-Sponsored Community-Based Primary Prevention: A Case Study
Authors: Sylvestre John C. , Pancer S. Mark , Brophy Kathleen , Cameron Gary
Published: October 2014

Governments at all levels have become increasingly involved in initiating and funding projects within which community residents work collaboratively with local service providers in the development of programs for the betterment of themselves, their families, and their community. Inherent in these initiatives, however, are a number of possible sources of tension which, left unresolved, may hamper the intentions of governments to seed grass-roots solutions to community problems. A qualitative research methodology was used to examine the nature of the relationship between government and community representatives (both residents and local service providers) in establishing community-based primary prevention programs under the auspices of the Better Beginnings, Better Futures initiative of the Government of Ontario. We examine a number of issues and tensions that have arisen from this project, both during the development of the program model by the government, and through to its implementation in several communities in the province.
Toward Another Lava Lake in the Virunga Volcanic Field?
Authors: Smets Benoît , D'Oreye Nicolas , Kervyn François
Published: October 2014

In April and since June, a red glow has been visible on top of Nyamulagira, the most western volcano of the Virunga Volcanic Province, in the western branch of the East African Rift. Helicopter flights and field observations quickly confirmed the presence of lava fountains that might evolve into what could become a new lava lake inside a 400‐ by 600‐meter‐wide pit crater, in the northeast sector of the central caldera (see Figure 1).
NOAA Research Vessel Explores Atlantic Ocean Seamounts
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: October 2014

Mike Ford, a biological oceanographer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), sat rapt in front of a bank of high‐definition monitors. They provided live video and data feeds from a tethered pair of instrument‐laden remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) that were descending 4692 meters on their deepest dive ever. Their target: an unnamed and unexplored New England seamount discovered in the North Atlantic last year.
New Resources to Take Action on Science Policy Issues
Authors: Bunge Carissa
Published: October 2014

Millions of people across the United States make their voices heard by asking political candidates and elected officials about the issues that matter to them. As a scientist, you can be a part of the conversation and show politicians that Earth and space sciences are critical fields in need of their support.
Local model better describes lunar gravity
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: October 2014

Two satellites orbiting the Moon as a part of NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission have been mapping its inner structure by measuring subtle shifts in the pull of gravity on the satellites from points on the ground below. The stronger the shift is, the greater the mass of structures below the surface is.
Using microwaves to map global ocean surface currents
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: October 2014

Sailors and scientists have been charting ocean currents for centuries, yet even today, reliable, up‐to‐date maps of global surface currents for navigation or other operational uses are scarce.
Atmospheric fronts in current and future climates
Authors: Catto J. L. , Nicholls N. , Jakob C. , Shelton K. L.
Published: October 2014

Atmospheric fronts are important for the day‐to‐day variability of weather in the midlatitudes. It is therefore vital to know how their distribution and frequency will change in a projected warmer climate. Here we apply an objective front identification method, based on a thermal front parameter, to 6‐hourly data from models participating in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. The historical simulations are evaluated against ERA‐Interim and found to produce a similar frequency of fronts and with similar front strength. The models show some biases in the location of the front frequency maxima. Future changes are estimated using the high emissions scenario simulations (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). Projections show an overall decrease in front frequency in the Northern Hemisphere, with a poleward shift of the maxima of front frequency and a strong decrease at high latitudes where the temperature gradient is decreased. The Southern Hemisphere shows a poleward shift of the frequency maximum, consistent with previous storm track studies.
Turbulence in the Earth's cusp region: The k‐filtering analysis
Authors: Wang Tieyan , Cao Jin‐Bin , Fu Huishan , Liu Wenlong , Dunlop Malcolm
Published: October 2014

On 13 April 2002, four Cluster spacecraft with separations up to 127 km measured similar turbulence in the exterior cusp during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz. Both the power spectra of magnetic and electric field fluctuations resemble the classical Kolmogorov power law, with the scaling f−1.7 under the proton gyrofrequency fcp (~0.3 Hz), breaks near fcp, and then steepens with the scalings f−2.8 and f−2.0 up to 10 Hz, respectively. The observed ratio of the electric to magnetic field is in agreement with the theoretical values of |δE/δB| for the quasi‐perpendicular kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs), which reflects the features of Alfvén turbulence. The wave vector and dispersion relation of the turbulence are obtained using k‐filtering technique. The results show that the waves propagate quasi‐perpendicularly to the background magnetic field. The similarity between the experimental and the theoretical dispersion relations indicates that the measured waves are kinetic Alfvén wave. The waves have right‐handed elliptical polarization in the plane perpendicular to k. The main axis of polarization ellipse is perpendicular to the average magnetic field. These features furthermore indicate that the turbulence properties agree well with those of KAW mode. The observed KAW is much possibly produced through resonance mode conversion. We calculate the density gradient vector using multipoint density data and found that the waves propagate basically toward high‐density region. The density gradient in the exterior cusp provides a favorable condition for the resonance converted KAW.
Statistical results describing the bandwidth and coherence coefficient of whistler mode waves using THEMIS waveform data
Authors: Gao X. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Bortnik J. , Angelopoulos V. , Lu Q. , Tao X. , Wang S.
Published: October 2014

The bandwidths and coherence coefficients of lower band whistler mode waves are analyzed using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) waveform data for rising tones, falling tones, and hiss‐like emissions separately. We also evaluate their dependences on the spatial location, electron density, the ratio of plasma frequency to local electron gyrofrequency (fpe/fce), and the wave amplitude. Our results show that the bandwidth normalized by the local electron gyrofrequency (fce) of rising and falling tones is very narrow (~0.01 fce), smaller than that of the hiss‐like emissions (~0.025 fce). Meanwhile, the normalized bandwidth of discrete emissions gradually decreases with increasing wave amplitude, whereas that of hiss‐like emissions increases slowly. The coherence coefficient of rising and falling tones is extremely large (~1), while the coherence coefficient of hiss‐like emissions is smaller but is still larger than 0.5. For all categories of whistler mode waves, the normalized bandwidth increases at larger L shells. Furthermore, the normalized bandwidth is positively correlated with local fpe/fce but is inversely correlated with the electron density. Interactions between radiation belt electrons and whistler mode waves have been widely described by quasi‐linear diffusion theory. Our results suggest that although quasi‐linear theory is not entirely applicable for modeling electron interactions with rising and falling tones due to their narrow bandwidth and high coherence coefficient, it is suitable to treat wave‐particle interactions between electrons and low‐amplitude hiss‐like emissions. Moreover, the correlations between the normalized bandwidth of chorus waves (especially the discrete emissions) and other parameters may provide insights for the generation mechanism of chorus waves.
Characteristics of precipitating energetic electron fluxes relative to the plasmapause during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Whittaker Ian C. , Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J.
Published: October 2014

In this study we investigate the link between precipitating electrons from the Van Allen radiation belts and the dynamical plasmapause. We consider electron precipitation observations from the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) constellation during geomagnetic storms. Superposed epoch analysis is performed on precipitating electron observations for the 13 year period of 1999 to 2012 in two magnetic local time (MLT) sectors, morning and afternoon. We assume that the precipitation is due to wave‐particle interactions and our two MLT sectors focus on chorus (outside the plasmapause) and plasmaspheric hiss (inside the plasmapause) waves. We generate simple expressions based on the geomagnetic index, Dst, which reproduce the chorus‐driven observations for the >30 keV precipitating electron flux magnitudes. Additionally, we find expressions for the fitted spectral index to describe the flux variation with energy, allowing a full energy reproduction as a function of distance from the plasmapause. The hiss‐driven precipitating flux occurs inside the plasmapause but is independent of distance from the plasmapause. In the POES observations the hiss‐induced electron precipitation is only detectable above the instrument noise in the >300 keV and P6 (>800 keV) channels of the flux detection instrument. We have derived expressions for the storm time variation in flux inside the plasmapause using Dst as a proxy. The observations show that there is little evidence for >800 keV electron precipitation occurring outside of the plasmapause, in the MLT sectors studied.