bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A porta da transformação só abre pelo lado de dentro”: notas etnográficas sobre o processo da (trans)formação de si em cursos de capacitação de doulas
Authors: Silva Fernanda Loureiro , Russo Jane Araujo
Published: March 2020

O modelo de assistência obstétrica que vem sendo praticado no Brasil apresenta um alto índice de nascimentos por via cirúrgica. Já os partos vaginais são marcados por um uso excessivo de intervenções. Contrapondo-se a esse cenário, as doulas, muitas vezes motivadas por suas experiências pessoais, aparecem como novas especialistas no campo da saúde materno-infantil. Sua função é fornecer informações e oferecer apoio físico e emocional à mulher que deseja parir, para “catalisar algo que a mulher já tem”. Assim, essas profissionais lutam para transformar as formas altamente medicalizadas e intervencionistas de assistência ao parto e nascimento em um modelo de atenção obstétrica centrado na mulher. A partir dos dados de uma etnografia do processo de formação de doulas realizada em 2016, buscamos analisar, neste artigo, como as subjetividades dessas mulheres vão sendo transformadas ao longo dos cursos de capacitação. Observamos que os entendimentos dessas mulheres, em relação aos processos de gestar, parir e maternar, sofrem mudanças quando elas entram em contato com o movimento de humanização e, especialmente, quando aprofundam esse contato ao participar de um curso de doulas. Procuramos mostrar como as vivências realizadas nesses cursos buscam promover uma transformação que acontece, assim como no parto, através de uma experiência corporal e da retórica das emoções.
Doulagem: Uma atuação de resistência e democratização
Authors: Fernandes Talita Melgaço
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar como a prática da doulagem é um ato de resistência ao paradigma de assistência gravídico-puerperal hegemônico no Brasil, o tecnocrático. Para tanto é feita uma breve exploração sobre a história dos processos de gestar, parir e resguardar, destacando a apropriação destes pelas instituições médicas e como tal posicionamento proporcionou o florescimento da violência obstétrica. A figura das doulas é, neste trabalho, apresentada como um resgate a saberes ancestrais privativos aos círculos de mulheres e também mobilizada como uma estratégia de enfrentamento. Dois projetos de democratização do acesso à saúde, protagonizados por essas profissionais são descritos e discutidos de forma sintética, a saber, o Projeto Doulas Comunitárias realizado em Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais, e o Projeto Doula a Quem Quiser planejado para operar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro – no estado de mesmo nome.
From Digital Cities to Biocities: Harnessing the Power of the Digital Revolution to Reinvent the Urban Ecology Model
Authors: Guallart Vicente
Published: March 2020

The transition from 20th‐century fossil‐fuel consumption and pollution to green, carbon‐negative cities is aided not just by biophilic design, but also by digital techniques. Vicente Guallart, former Chief Architect of Barcelona and founder of the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) and Fab Lab Barcelona, illustrates this new natural/digital urban synthesis with his own practice's competition‐ winning design for a green district, Xianmihu, in Shenzhen, China.
Phenotypic variability and mutation hotspot in COX15‐related Leigh syndrome
Authors: Halperin Daniel , Drabkin Max , Wormser Ohad , Yogev Yuval , Dolgin Vadim , Shorer Zamir , Gradstein Libe , Shelef Ilan , Flusser Hagit , Birk Ohad S.
Published: March 2020

COX15 mutations were shown to underlie Leigh syndrome (LS), a progressive subacute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Here, two siblings of consanguineous kindred presented in infancy with a syndrome of hypotonia, nystagmus, psychomotor retardation, and pyramidal signs. Toward the end of their second year, both patients developed progressive quadriparesis, convulsions, and pseudobulbar palsy. Similar to two previously reported cases, one of the two affected siblings had severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, hearing loss, and no visual response. Through linkage analysis and whole‐exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous p.R217W mutation in Cytochrome C oxidase assembly protein COX15 homolog. Consistent with the known heterogeneity of mitochondrial diseases in general and that of LS in particular, several phenotypic features were markedly distinguished between the affected siblings and in relation to previous reports of COX15 mutations. Interestingly, of the previously reported five cases of COX15‐mutated patients, all of different ethnic origins, three had a p.R217W mutation. We highlight p.R217W as a hotspot mutation in COX15 and delineate the phenotypic variability, both between the patients we describe and in all cases reported to date.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Carbon Nanorods Encapsulating Bismuth Oxides for Rapid and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Deng Peilin , Yang Fan , Wang Zhitong , Chen Shenghua , Zhou Yinzheng , Zaman Shahid , Xia Bao Yu
Published: March 2020

Carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is promising in alleviating the excessive CO2 level and simultaneously producing valuables. This work reports the preparation of carbon nanorods encapsulated bismuth oxides for the efficient CO2 electroconversion toward formate production. This resultant catalyst exhibits a small onset potential of −0.28 V vs. RHE and partial current density of over 200 mA cm−2 with a stable and high Faradaic efficiency of 93 % for formate generation in a flow cell configuration. Electrochemical results demonstrate the synergistic effect in the Bi2O3@C promotes the rapid and selective CO2 reduction in which the Bi2O3 is beneficial for improving the reaction kinetics and formate selectivity, while the carbon matrix would be helpful for enhancing the activity and current density of formate production. This work provides effective bismuth‐based MOF derivatives for efficient formate production and offers insights in promoting practical CO2 conversion technology.
Transfer learning in spatial–temporal forecasting of the solar magnetic field
Authors: Covas Eurico
Published: March 2020

Machine learning techniques have been widely used in attempts to forecast several solar datasets such as the sunspot count, the sunspot area, flare activity, solar wind magnitude, and solar storms/coronal mass ejections (CMEs) activity. Most of these approaches employ supervised machine learning algorithms which are, in general, very data hungry. This hampers the attempts to forecast some of these data series, particularly the ones that depend on (relatively) recent space observations such as those obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Here we focus on an attempt to forecast the solar surface longitudinally averaged unsigned radial component (or line‐of‐sight) magnetic field distribution using a form of spatial–temporal neural networks. Given that the recording of these spatial–temporal datasets only started in 1975 and are therefore quite short, the forecasts are predictably quite modest. However, given that there is a potential physical relationship between sunspots and the magnetic field, we employ another machine learning technique called transfer learning which has recently received considerable attention in the literature. Here, this approach consists in first training the source spatial–temporal neural network on the much longer time/latitude sunspot area dataset, which starts in 1874, then transferring the trained set of layers to a target network, and continue training the latter on the magnetic field dataset. The employment of transfer learning in the field of computer vision is known to obtain a generalized set of feature filters that can be reused for other datasets and tasks. Here we obtain a similar result, whereby we first train the network on the spatial–temporal sunspot area data, then the first few layers of the neural network are able to identify the two main features of the solar cycle, that is, the amplitude variation and the migration to the equator, and therefore can be used to train on the magnetic field dataset and forecast better than a prediction based only on the historical magnetic field
data.
Metal‐Mediated Base Pairing of Rigid and Flexible Benzaldoxime Metallacycles
Authors: Maity Sajal , Hande Madhuri , Lönnberg Tuomas
Published: March 2020

Oligonucleotides incorporating a central C‐nucleoside with either a rigid or flexible benzaldoxime base moiety have been synthesized, and the hybridization properties of their metallacyclic derivatives have been studied by UV melting experiments. In all cases, the metallated duplexes were less stable than their unmetallated counterparts, and the metallacyclic nucleobases did not show a clear preference for any of the canonical nucleobases as a base‐pairing partner. With palladated oligonucleotides, increased flexibility translated to less severe destabilization, whereas the opposite was true for the mercurated oligonucleotides; this reflects the greater difficulties in accommodating a rigid PdII‐mediated base pair than a rigid HgII‐mediated base pair within the base stack of a double helix.
Synthesis, Derivatization and Photochemical Control of ortho‐Functionalized Tetrachlorinated Azobenzene‐Modified siRNAs
Authors: Hammill Matthew L. , Islam Golam , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul
Published: March 2020

We report the chemical synthesis and derivatization of an ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzene diol. A 4′,4‐dimethoxytrityl (DMT) phosphoramidite was synthesized for its site‐specific incorporation within the sense strand of an siRNA duplex to form ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzene‐containing siRNAs (Cl‐siRNAzos). Compared to a non‐halogenated azobenzene, ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzenes are capable of red‐shifting the π→π* transition from the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum into the visible range. Within this visible range, the azobenzene molecule can be reliably converted from trans to cis with red light (660 nm), and converted back to trans with violet wavelength light (410 nm) and/or thermal relaxation. We also report the gene‐silencing ability of these Cl‐siRNAzos in cell culture as well as their reversible control with visible light for up to 24 hours.
Interaction of heparin and tetraarginine in capillary electrophoresis: Implication for analytical applications
Authors: Krizek Tomas , Molnarova Katarina , Pavlu Vera , Filounova Barbora , Martinkova Eva
Published: March 2020

Interactions between heparin and tetraarginine in an acidic background electrolyte were investigated in capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that tetraarginine and heparin form a stable complex that migrates toward the anode immediately after coming into contact. When a zone of tetraarginine at a mg/mL concentration level passes through a zone of heparin at a μg/mL concentration level, tetraarginine is gradually removed by the formation of the complex that migrates in the opposite direction, thereby decreasing the tetraarginine peak area. The variation of the tetraarginine peak area as a function of the unfractionated heparin concentration was linear within the range 2–20 μg/mL, which enables us to detect and determine heparin concentrations undetectable with a UV detector. The same behavior was confirmed for low molecular weight heparin.
Integrating the immune microenvironment of prostate cancer induced bone disease
Authors: Ihle Claire L. , Owens Philip
Published: March 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer for men in the U.S. but does not impede patient survival until the disease is metastatic. Metastatic lesions most frequently occur in the bone, which exhibits a distinct microenvironment of immune and bone cell populations. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of primary PCa allow for the use of tailored therapeutic approaches based on biomarkers, protein expression, and histopathology. Understanding the molecular and cellular characteristics of primary tumors has advanced therapeutic development and survival for patients with PCa. Personalized medicine has only recently emerged for the treatment of metastatic bone lesions. Tumor induced bone disease (TIBD) in patients with PCa can be classified into lytic, blastic, or mixed pathologies, with most patients exhibiting the blastic phenotype. Progress has been made in treating TIBD, but metastatic PCa has yet to be cured. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited limited responses in immunosuppressive PCa tumors, but have yet to be assessed in metastatic sites which may be susceptible to an increased inflammatory response. Recent discoveries have uncovered distinct tumor microenvironments (TMEs) of blastic and lytic bone metastases from patients with PCa, identifying actionable targets for therapeutic applications, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapeutics. Enrichment for macrophages and T cells in patient samples suggests metastatic sites may be reappraised as immunologically targetable, despite their immunologically “cold” primary tumors. The practice of performing bone biopsies will help identify unique cellular and protein targets in the bone TME that can guide therapy decisions.
Clinical, molecular and cytopathological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Al‐Shammari Ahmed M. , Hamad Mohammed A. , AL‐Mudhafar Murtadha A. , Raad Khansaa , Ahmed Aeser
Published: March 2020

Background

The frequent outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Iraq pose a constant threat to commercial poultry, despite the introduction of routine vaccination programmes. Several factors, particularly stress factors and coinfections, might play a role in increasing NDV outbreaks in poultry species.

Objectives

The current study was aimed to characterize an NDV isolate from an outbreak in North Baghdad, Iraq.

Methods

Clinical pathogenicity of the isolate was determined experimentally in chickens. In vitro studies included cytopathological examination, as well as molecular and phylogenetic analyses.

Results

Based on the clinical studies and pathogenicity indices (mean death time and intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indices), the isolate was characterized as velogenic (highly virulent). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction targeting the partial fusion protein gene of the NDV genome confirmed the detection. Partial sequencing of the hypervariable region of the fusion gene identified the presence of an avirulent (lentogenic) fusion protein motif (GRQGRL). Phylogenetic analysis of the new isolate along with previously known regional isolates revealed that the new isolate was related to genotype II strains. Additionally, sequence analysis indicated a distinct genetic lineage of the new isolate, which was related to some of the lineages identified in previous outbreaks in the Middle East.

Conclusion

The current study offers essential information on the epidemiology, characteristics and diagnosis of NDV for disease control in Iraq. The isolate was found to belong to genotype II and possess an avirulent fusion protein motif.
Measuring the top energy asymmetry at the LHC: QCD and SMEFT interpretations
Authors: Basan Alexander , Berta Peter , Masetti Lucia , Vryonidou Eleni , Westhoff Susanne
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The energy asymmetry in top-antitop-jet production is an observable of the top charge asymmetry designed for the LHC. We perform a realistic analysis in the boosted kinematic regime, including effects of the parton shower, hadronization and expected experimental uncertainties. Our predictions at particle level show that the energy asymmetry in the Standard Model can be measured with a significance of 3σ during Run 3, and with more than 5σ significance at the HL-LHC. Beyond the Standard Model the energy asymmetry is a sensitive probe of new physics with couplings to top quarks. In the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we show that the sensitivity of the energy asymmetry to effective four-quark interactions is higher or comparable to other top observables and resolves blind directions in current LHC fits. We suggest to include the energy asymmetry as an important observable in global searches for new physics in the top sector.
Cognitive swarming in complex environments with attractor dynamics and oscillatory computing
Authors: Monaco Joseph D. , Hwang Grace M. , Schultz Kevin M. , Zhang Kechen
Published: March 2020

Neurobiological theories of spatial cognition developed with respect to recording data from relatively small and/or simplistic environments compared to animals’ natural habitats. It has been unclear how to extend theoretical models to large or complex spaces. Complementarily, in autonomous systems technology, applications have been growing for distributed control methods that scale to large numbers of low-footprint mobile platforms. Animals and many-robot groups must solve common problems of navigating complex and uncertain environments. Here, we introduce the NeuroSwarms control framework to investigate whether adaptive, autonomous swarm control of minimal artificial agents can be achieved by direct analogy to neural circuits of rodent spatial cognition. NeuroSwarms analogizes agents to neurons and swarming groups to recurrent networks. We implemented neuron-like agent interactions in which mutually visible agents operate as if they were reciprocally connected place cells in an attractor network. We attributed a phase state to agents to enable patterns of oscillatory synchronization similar to hippocampal models of theta-rhythmic (5–12 Hz) sequence generation. We demonstrate that multi-agent swarming and reward-approach dynamics can be expressed as a mobile form of Hebbian learning and that NeuroSwarms supports a single-entity paradigm that directly informs theoretical models of animal cognition. We present emergent behaviors including phase-organized rings and trajectory sequences that interact with environmental cues and geometry in large, fragmented mazes. Thus, NeuroSwarms is a model artificial spatial system that integrates autonomous control and theoretical neuroscience to potentially uncover common principles to advance both domains.
Speech Acoustic Features: A Comparison of Gay Men, Heterosexual Men, and Heterosexual Women
Authors: Suire Alexandre , Tognetti Arnaud , Durand Valérie , Raymond Michel , Barkat-Defradas Melissa
Published: March 2020

Potential differences between homosexual and heterosexual men have been studied on a diverse set of social and biological traits. Regarding acoustic features of speech, researchers have hypothesized a feminization of such characteristics in homosexual men, but previous investigations have so far produced mixed results. Moreover, most studies have been conducted with English-speaking populations, which calls for further cross-linguistic examinations. Lastly, no studies investigated so far the potential role of testosterone in the association between sexual orientation and speech acoustic features. To fill these gaps, we explored potential differences in acoustic features of speech between homosexual and heterosexual native French men and investigated whether the former showed a trend toward feminization by comparing theirs to that of heterosexual native French women. Lastly, we examined whether testosterone levels mediated the association between speech acoustic features and sexual orientation. We studied four sexually dimorphic acoustic features relevant for the qualification of feminine versus masculine voices: the fundamental frequency, its modulation, and two understudied acoustic features of speech, the harmonics-to-noise ratio (a proxy of vocal breathiness) and the jitter (a proxy of vocal roughness). Results showed that homosexual men displayed significantly higher pitch modulation patterns and less breathy voices compared to heterosexual men, with values shifted toward those of heterosexual women. Lastly, testosterone levels did not influence any of the investigated acoustic features. Combined with the literature conducted in other languages, our findings bring new support for the feminization hypothesis and suggest that the feminization of some acoustic features could be shared across languages.
High consistency mechano-enzymatic pretreatment for kraft fibres: effect of treatment consistency on fibre properties
Authors: Rahikainen Jenni , Mattila Outi , Maloney Thaddeus , Lovikka Ville , Kruus Kristiina , Suurnäkki Anna , Grönqvist Stina
Published: March 2020

Fibre reactivity is essential for cellulose dissolution and derivatisation and a porous fibre structure is one key determinant for a highly reactive pulp. Mechanical and enzymatic treatments are known to improve fibre reactivity and more recently, the combination of mechano-enzymatic treatment has been shown to synergistically enhance the beneficial effect. The aim of this work was to do a systematic study on the effect of dry matter content during enzymatic modification of fibres and define the conditions that optimally improve fibre porosity. The combined mechano-enzymatic treatments at 15–25 w% consistency had the most pronounced effect on fibre porosity and morphology analysed by solute exclusion technique, nitrogen sorption and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy imaging confirmed that the combined mechano-enzymatic treatment at high consistency (> 10 w%) resulted in extensive fibrillation of the treated fibres which was not observed after sole mechanical or enzymatic treatments.
Governing the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Savulescu Julian , Giubilini Alberto , Kirchhelle Claas , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Weldon Isaac , Campus Brooke , Harrison Mark , Maslen Hannah , McLean Angela
Published: March 2020

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest public health crises of our time. The natural biological process that causes microbes to become resistant to antimicrobial drugs presents a complex social challenge requiring more effective and sustainable management of the global antimicrobial commons—the common pool of effective antimicrobials. This special issue of Health Care Analysis explores the potential of two legal approaches—one long-term and one short-term—for managing the antimicrobial commons. The first article explores the lessons for antimicrobial resistance that can be learned from recent climate change agreements, and the second article explores how existing international laws can be adapted to better support global action in the short-term.
Social Discounting and the Cost of Public Funds: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Spackman Michael
Published: March 2020

Social discounting conventions vary widely. Some differences reflect institutional constraints, but many reflect differing assumptions about how a social discount rate should be derived and applied. The divide between advocates of social opportunity cost and social time preference (STP) frameworks seems unbridgeable. There is no consensus among STP advocates on whether the social cost of funding $1 of public spending is barely more than $1 of consumption or perhaps more than $2; or on whether the covariance of public service benefits with income merits a discount rate premium that is trivial or a few percentage points. The practicalities of government fund raising are sometimes overlooked. The issues are here reviewed in the light of the literature and of experience with developing and applying social discounting regimes and extended debates within government.
“Deceptions Have Been Practiced”: Food Standards as Intellectual Property in the Missouri and Ohio Wine Industries (1906–1920)
Authors: VENTIMIGLIA ANDREW
Published: March 2020

This article explores early twentieth-century debates about wine regulation in order to understand how emerging food standards could be mobilized in order to produce and protect value around particular geographical locales. Ohio and Missouri winemakers sought to protect their practices of “amelioration,” or the addition of sugar and water to acidic or foxy wines, by establishing the regulatory designation of “Ohio and Missouri Wine” as separate from “Wine.” In doing so, they turned food standards into a form of intellectual property mobilized to protect their practices and enhance the market value of Ohio and Missouri wines. Conversely, they argued that “universal” wine standards were unduly preferential to California wines. This compelling yet forgotten historical episode inverts the rationale behind geographical indications (a form of intellectual property designed to protect the intrinsic benefits of place) producing a unique argument for geographical protections based not on value but on lack.
Ardmosteges Orchamus New Genus, New Species, in the Early Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma–Possible Ancestor to the Permian Richthofenoid Brachiopods
Authors: Sutherland Patrick K.
Published: March 2020

Ardmosteges orchamus, new genus, new species, from the Early Pennsylvanian Morrowan sequence in southern Oklahoma, is characterized by a well-developed early aulostegid stage, followed by a fully developed richthofenoid stage. It differs markedly from any previously described genus. The nature of the early development, with a rounded aulostegid shell and a prominent interarea in the ventral valve, suggests that it evolved from the Aulostegidae. The most unique feature of Ardmosteges is that it shows for the first time, a documented mechanism for the addition of new shell material above the hinge area in the ventral valve in shells that proceeded to develop a richthofenoid cone. Shell layers were extended posteriorly from the margins of the ventral valve onto the interarea of that valve indicating that the mantle grew onto the hinge area from each side. This irregular and asymmetrical process gradually filled the space above the hinge and was followed by the upward growth of a typical richthofenoid cone. In the proposed development of the Permian richthofenoids from Ardmosteges it is postulated that the characteristic interarea of Ardmosteges was suppressed during extreme development of a distinctly cylindrical cone.

Ardmosteges provides the missing link between the Aulostegidae and the Richthofenoidea. Its characters are primitive compared to those of the Permian richthofenoids but it is similar in having a deeply recessed opercular dorsal valve, protective spines in the vestibule above the dorsal valve, and in being attached by rhizoid spines.
An Isthmus of Modern Thought: Islam and Psychoanalysis in North Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Brower Benjamin Claude
Published: March 2020

On three occasions the Qur'an mentions what it calls barzakh, an enigmatic word that denotes a partition such as that found between fresh and sea water, good and evil, faith and knowledge, even this world and the next. Nimble thinkers have made good use of the in-betweenness of barzakh. Its divisions make possible distinctions and provide form. And yet, just as it divides, the barzakh also connects. In fact, the word is often rendered in English as “isthmus,” which shows up its usefulness for thinking about difference in a way that does not presuppose stark oppositions, on the one hand, nor conflation and indistinction, on the other. The twelfth-century philosopher Ibn ‘Arabi used barzakh to describe that which separates/unites the created and the Creator, making it a key concept within his theory of the unity of existence. Building upon these insights, modern readers have found this concept useful to negotiate contemporary questions of self and other, questions that became particularly important in the colonial and postcolonial eras. For example, the late Algerian novelist Mohammed Dib used barzakh to signify his personal struggles to think across North (Europe) and South (North Africa), French and Arabic. Likewise, the Moroccan scholar Taieb Belghazi has mobilized barzakh to rethink the Mediterranean Sea as a heterogenous space that joins and “disjoins” lands, languages, and people. Barzakh also names an important new publishing house in Algiers and its concept frames the editors’ work producing titles in which questions of (post)colonialism and of cultural liminality figure prominently.
Gomez Receives 2019 Cryosphere Early Career Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: March 2020

Natalya Gomez received the 2019 Cryosphere Early Career Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is for “significant early career contributions to cryospheric science and technology.”
Molecular subtypes of oropharyngeal cancer show distinct immune microenvironment related with immune checkpoint blockade response
Authors: Kim Min Hwan , Kim Jae-Hwan , Lee Ji Min , Choi Jae Woo , Jung Dongmin , Cho Hojin , Kang Hyundeok , Hong Min Hee , Heo Su Jin , Kim Se Heon , Choi Eun Chang , Kim Da Hee , Park Young Min , Kim Sangwoo , Yoon Sun Och , Koh Yoon Woo , Cho Byoung Chul , Kim Hye Ryun
Published: March 2020

Background

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) exhibits diverse immunological properties; however, their implications for immunotherapy are unknown.

Methods

We analysed 37 surgically resected and nine recurrent or metastatic anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-treated OPC tumours. OPCs were classified into immune-rich (IR), mesenchymal (MS) and xenobiotic (XB) subtypes based on RNA-sequencing data.

Results

All IR type tumours were human papillomavirus (HPV) positive, most XB types were HPV negative, and MS types showed mixed HPV status. The IR type showed an enriched T cell exhaustion signature with PD-1+ CD8+ T cells and type I macrophages infiltrating the tumour nest on multiplex immunohistochemistry. The MS type showed an exclusion of CD8+ T cells from the tumour nest and high MS and tumour growth factor-β signatures. The XB type showed scant CD8+ T cell infiltration and focal CD73 expression. The IR type was associated with a favourable response signature during anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and showed a high APOBEC mutation signature, whereas the MS and XB types showed resistance signature upregulation. Among anti-PD-1/PD-L1-treated OPC patients, the IR type showed a favourable clinical response (3/4 patients), whereas the XB type showed early progression (3/3 patients).

Conclusion

Our analysis classified OPCs into three subtypes with distinct immune microenvironments that are potentially related to the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Publisher Correction: Plasmodium Infection Induces Dyslipidemia and a Hepatic Lipogenic State in the Host through the Inhibition of the AMPK-ACC Pathway
Authors: Kluck George Eduardo Gabriel , Wendt Camila Hübner Costabile , Imperio Guinever Eustaquio do , Araujo Maria Fernanda Carvalho , Atella Tainá Correa , da Rocha Isabella , Miranda Kildare Rocha , Atella Georgia Correa
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Generalized single excitation configuration interaction: an investigation into the impact of the inclusion of non-orthogonality on the calculation of core-excited states
Authors: Oosterbaan Katherine J. , White Alec F. , Hait Diptarka , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we investigate different non-orthogonal generalizations of the configuration interaction with single substitutions (CIS) method and their impact on the calculation of core-excited states.
Regulating electrodeposition morphology of lithium: towards commercially relevant secondary Li metal batteries
Authors: Zheng Jingxu , Kim Mun Sek , Tu Zhengyuan , Choudhury Snehashis , Tang Tian , Archer Lynden A.
Published: March 2020

Rational approaches for achieving fine control of the electrodeposition morphology of Li are required to create commercially-relevant rechargeable Li metal batteries.
Discovery of very active catalysts for methanol carboxylation into DMC by screening of a large and diverse catalyst library
Authors: Daniel Cécile , Schuurman Yves , Farrusseng David
Published: March 2020

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2 is particularly attractive as it provides a green alternative to other routes while allowing CO2 conversion.
Novel flavan-3-ol-glutathione conjugates from the degradation of proanthocyanidins as highly bioactive antioxidants
Authors: Bai Ruifang , Luo Siqi , Luo Lanxin , Zhao Jian , Zhang Shuting , Li Lingxi , Cui Yan
Published: March 2020

Synthesis, preparation and antioxidant capacity evaluation of flavan-3-ol-glutathione conjugates.
Photocatalytic properties of hybrid materials based on a multicharged polymer matrix with encored TiO2 and noble metal (Pt, Pd or Au) nanoparticles
Authors: Sultanova Elza D. , Nizameev Irek R. , Kholin Kirill V. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Burilov Vladimir A. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: March 2020

In this study, we report a synthesis of new nanocomposites, wherein TiO2 is introduced into multicharged polymeric matrix and covered with noble metals (Pt, Pd or Au) for the photocatalytic application.
Highly sensitive endotoxin detection using a gold nanoparticle loaded layered molybdenum disulfide-polyacrylic acid nanocomposite
Authors: Posha Biyas , Sandhyarani N.
Published: March 2020

A highly sensitive and selective endotoxin sensor is developed with a Au nanoparticle anchored MoS2-PAA nanocomposite.
Fe-doped Co3O4 polycrystalline nanosheets as a binder-free bifunctional cathode for robust and efficient zinc–air batteries
Authors: Liu Xiao-Zhi , Tang Tang , Jiang Wen-Jie , Zhang Qing-Hua , Gu Lin , Hu Jin-Song
Published: March 2020

Self-standing Fe-Co3O4@CC bifunctional electrocatalysts enabled high-performance Zn–air batteries with a power density of 268.6 mW cm−2 and superior cycling stability.
Glucose level determination in single cells in their satiety and starvation states using an enzymatic functional glass nanopore
Authors: Wang Dandan , Qi Guohua , Zhou Ya , Li Haijuan , Zhang Ying , Xu Chen , Hu Ping , Jin Yongdong
Published: March 2020

Enzymatic functional glass nanopipettes containing glucose oxidase (GOx) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were developed for detecting glucose in single cells.
From blue to cyan emission: Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped silicon phosphate phosphors with high thermal stability
Authors: Zhao Jinxing , Liang Yanan , Guan Li , Wang GuanQiang , Ma Jingxuan , Dong Guoyi , Wang Fenghe , Wang Dawei , Li Xu
Published: March 2020

The CIE coordinates of CPSO:1.33%Ce3+ phosphors and LED devices based on CPSO:1.33%Ce3+,9%Tb3+ phosphors are (0.15, 0.07), (0.24, 0.30). While the LED combined with CPJSO:1.33%Ce3+,9%Tb3+ and SrAlSiN3 demonstrates warm white LED.
Bond-forming and electron-transfer reactivity between Ar2+ and O2
Authors: Armenta Butt Sam , Price Stephen D.
Published: March 2020

The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of the bimolecular reactions between Ar2+ and O2 have been studied using a position sensitive coincidence methodology at a collision energy of 4.4 eV.
Transient proton transfer of base pair hydrogen bonds induced by intense terahertz radiation
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Yang Lixia , Wang Shaomeng , Guo Lianghao , Ma Jialu , Tang Jingchao , Bo Wenfei , Wu Zhe , Zeng Baoqing , Gong Yubin
Published: March 2020

Intense terahertz radiation was applied to trigger transient proton transfer in DNA base pairs through quantum simulation.
Biomass-derived metal–organic hybrids for CO2 transformation under ambient conditions
Authors: Wu Yunyan , Zuo Shouwei , Zhao Yanfei , Wang Huan , Li Dongyang , Guo Shien , Zhao Zhijuan , Zhang Jing , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: March 2020

Biomass-derived metal–organic hybrids show high performance in the transformation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions.
Two-zone ligand-assisted displacement chromatography for producing high-purity praseodymium, neodymium, and dysprosium with high yield and high productivity from crude mixtures derived from waste magnets
Authors: Ding Yi , Harvey David , Wang Nien-Hwa Linda
Published: March 2020

Advanced rare-earth separation technology with 100 times higher efficiency than liquid–liquid extraction methods can lead to a circular REE economy.
New cyclic and acyclic imidazole-based sensitizers for achieving highly efficient photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells by a potential-assisted method
Authors: Sivanadanam Jagadeeswari , Aidhen Indrapal Singh , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: March 2020

A series of systematically tailored aryl acyclic (biphenyl, dye 1 and 2), cyclic (phenanthrene, dye 3 and 4) and methyl-substituted (dye 5) imidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Angela Saini: dispelling the myths of science past
Authors: Saini Angela
Published: March 2020

Angela Saini is a British science journalist and author. She presents radio and television programmes on the BBC, and her writing has appeared in The Guardian, The Sunday Times, Prospect, New Scientist, New Humanist and Wired among others. She has won a number of national and international journalism awards. She spoke to Emma Pettengale, Managing Editor of The Biochemist.
George Lucas : Prophète du transhumanisme ?
Authors: Couderc Bettina
Published: March 2020

La Guerre des étoiles, saga cinématographique « grand public », permet de se questionner sur la nature humaine et sur le transhumanisme. Elle met en effet en scène différents personnages qui ne sont ni de « vrais » humains, ni des robots, des créatures pouvant être assimilées à des humains évolués (des cyborgs, des chimères ou des humains génétiquement modifiés). À partir de cette approche cinématographique, nous aborderons certains moyens de modification de la personne humaine à la fois dans son corps et dans sa conscience, et nous nous interrogerons sur l’homme de demain, en se demandant si George Lucas (réalisateur du premier film) n’était pas un visionnaire des hommes de demain.
L’émergence des modèles miniatures de foie gras humain en 3D générés en laboratoire
Authors: Collin de l’Hortet Alexandra , Gilgenkrantz Hélène
Published: March 2020

Les organoïdes constituent une approche de choix pour modéliser a minima une maladie humaine et tester l’efficacité thérapeutique de certaines drogues. La stéatopathie métabolique ou maladie du foie gras, dont l’incidence a considérablement augmenté avec l’accroissement de l’obésité dans les pays développés, se caractérise par l’accumulation de triglycerides dans l’hépatocyte et une atteinte hépatique pouvant évoluer vers la fibrose. Il n’existe pas de traitement efficace, mais de nombreuses pistes sont actuellement explorées. Deux équipes américaines ont récemment utilisé les cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS) et la culture muticellulaire pour modéliser un mini-foie stéatosique par deux approches différentes, offrant ainsi de nouveaux outils pour tester les drogues en cours de développement.
Les laboratoires ouverts Tous Chercheurs
Authors: Thimonier Jean , Brun-Jacob Annick , Mathieu Marion , Durand Jonas , Frey-Klett Pascale , Hammond Constance
Published: March 2020

L’enjeu d’une culture scientifique pour tous est d’importance face à la difficulté des citoyens à critiquer les données de la science avec des arguments rationnels, notamment en ce qui concerne la biologie et la santé (vaccination, procréation médicalement assistée, etc.), car le grand public ne veut plus croire sur parole ce que disent les experts. Dans ce contexte, rapprocher les citoyens de la recherche scientifique représente un réel défi pour l’avenir, que les laboratoires ouverts Tous Chercheurs ont voulu relever.
Manuelle Lymphdrainage beim Hund
Authors: Scharwey Reinhold , Süße Stefanie
Published: March 2020

Die Manuelle Lymphdrainage ist eine unverzichtbare Behandlungsform zur Therapie von Ödemen. Die Methode ist sehr gut mit Techniken der klassischen Massage, der Manuellen Therapie und der Interferenzstrom-Regulationstherapie kombinierbar. Was muss man über Wirkungsweise, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der Therapie wissen?
Pädiatrische ausgedehnte zerebrale Sinusvenenthrombose mit benignem Verlauf
Authors: Alsayed Ahmad Hussam
Published: March 2020

Wir berichten über ein 14-jähriges Mädchen mit einem akuten Kopfschmerzsyndrom unter Einnahme von einem Kontrazeptivum, das ausgedehnte zerebrale Sinusvenenthrombose hat. Laborchemisch zeigte sich ein Nachweis einer homozygoten Faktor-V-Leiden-Mutation. Die initiale Behandlung erfolgte mit Heparin mit anschließender Umstellung auf Coumadin. Der Verlauf blieb komplikationslos. Interessant war in diesem Fall erstens, dass die initialen Kopfschmerzen gut auf Sumatriptan angesprochen haben, was sich die Diagnose verspätet feststellen ließ, mit der Annahme einer möglichen Erstmanifestation einer Migräne, zweitens, dass trotz dem stark ausgedehnten bildmorphologischen Befund die Patientin ohne fokale neurologische Defizite blieb.
Management of Recurrent or Progressing Skull Base Chondrosarcomas: Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Breshears Jonathan D. , DeMonte Franco , Habib Ahmed , Gidley Paul W. , Raza Shaan M.
Published: March 2020

Background Skull base chondrosarcomas (CSA) are difficult tumors to cure and there is little data regarding salvage therapy.

Objective This study aims to identify presentation and treatment-related factors which impact the progression free survival (PFS) and disease specific survival (DSS) for recurrent CSA, and to identify salvage treatment factors associated with successful restoration to the natural history following primary treatment.

Methods This single-institution retrospective review included patients with recurrent/progressive CSA over a 25-year period. Survival analysis for factors impacting PFS and DSS was performed. Salvage treatment factors associated with achieving PFS ≥newly diagnosed median PFS were identified using univariate statistics. Analysis was performed on first recurrences and all recurrences combined.

Results A total of 47 recurrence/progression events were analyzed from 17 patients (median two events/patient, range = 1–8). The overall PFS and DSS for the initial recurrence was 32 (range = 3–267) and 79 (range = 3–285) months, respectively. Conventional grade III or mesenchymal histology significantly predicted shorter PFS and DSS (p < 0.0001). After stratification by histology, previous radiation predicted shorter PFS for low-grade tumors (p = 0.009). Gross total resection (GTR) after a first time recurrence was significantly associated with successful salvage treatment (p < 0.05); however, this was rare.

Conclusion In this series, high grade histology and prior radiation treatment negatively impacted salvage treatment outcomes, while GTR was associated with restoration to natural history following primary treatment. Careful consideration of histology, systemic disease status, previous treatments, and the anatomic extent of the skull base disease can optimize the outcomes of salvage intervention.
A Comparison of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Prophylaxis in Multiple Births versus Singletons in the Canadian Registry of Palivizumab
Authors: Paes Bosco , Li Abby , Kim Doyoung , Lanctot Krista L. , Mitchell Ian ,   CARESS Investigators
Published: March 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to compare respiratory illness-related hospitalization (RIH) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalization (RSVH) in multiple births versus singletons, who received palivizumab during the RSV season and participated in the Canadian registry of palivizumab (CARESS).

Study Design Prospective, observational study of infants aged <2 years recruited across 32 centers over 12 RSV seasons from 2005 to 2017. Demographic data were collected at enrolment and RIH events were recorded monthly.

Results A total of 25,003 infants were enrolled of whom 6,949 (27.8%) were of multiple birth, and 18,054 (72.2%) were singletons. A significantly larger proportion of the multiple births were premature (80.2%) compared with the singleton group (56.8%). Multiples had a lower gestational age (mean ± standard deviation): 31.2 ± 3.2 versus 33.2 ± 5.5 weeks and birth weight (mean: 1,590 ± 606.8 vs. 2,069.4 ± 1068.5 g; both p < 0.0005). They were younger at enrolment (4.5 ± 5.0 vs. 6.1 ± 6.8 months), and fewer attended daycare (1.9 vs. 4.6%), and experienced exposure to smoking (24.5 vs. 29.9%), but more lived in a crowded household (36.7 vs. 19.4%); all p < 0.0005. Multiples had a longer length of neonatal stay (51.1 ± 65.9 vs. 47.9 ± 67.8 days), and more required respiratory support (65.7 vs. 57.7%), but for shorter duration (22.6 ± 32.9 vs. 24.7 ± 40.6 days); all p < 0.001. RIH and RSVH rates (%) in multiples versus singletons were 4.7; 7.7 and 1.4; and 1.6, respectively. Cox regression showed that multiples had a lower risk of RIH compared with singletons (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.616, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.543–0.698, p < 0.0005), but not RSVH (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57–1.02, p = 0.071).

Conclusion Multiple birth infants, who are known to be at greater risk for severe RSVH compared with singletons, are well protected by palivizumab, provided adherence to the monthly injection scheme is guaranteed.
Maternal Metabolic Biomarkers are Associated with Obesity and Excess Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Antony Kathleen M. , Romezi Mona , Lindgren Kourtnee , Mitchell Kristen B. , Venable Susan F. , Racusin Diana A. , Suter Melissa A. , Aagaard Kjersti M.
Published: March 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent contribution of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) in excess of the Institute of Medicine's guidelines on levels of maternal serum inflammatory and metabolic measures.

Study Design Banked maternal serum samples from 120 subjects with documented prepregnancy or first trimester body mass index (BMI) were utilized for analyte analyses. Validated, BMI-specific formulas were utilized to categorize GWG as either insufficient, at goal or excess based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines with gestational age adjustments. Serum was analyzed for known inflammatory or metabolic pathway intermediates using the Luminex xMap system with the MILLIPLEX Human Metabolic Hormone Magnetic Bead Panel. Measured analytes included interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α and metabolic markers amylin, c-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY. Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each marker.

Results C-peptide, insulin, and leptin all varied significantly with both obesity and GWG while glucagon-like peptide-1 varied by BMI but not GWG. These analytes covaried with other metabolic analytes, but not with inflammatory analytes.

Conclusion Maternal metabolic biomarkers at delivery vary significantly with both obesity and GWG. Taken together, these findings suggest that GWG (with and without comorbid obesity) is an important mediator of measurable metabolites in pregnancy but is not necessarily accompanied by inflammatory measures in serum. These findings are consistent with GWG being an independent risk factor for metabolic disturbances during pregnancy.
Some thermophysical properties of (In2Te3)1 − x(Cd0.9Zn0.1Te)x solid solutions
Authors: Sh. Hasanova Mehriban , Abilov Chingiz I. , Kasumova Elmira K.
Published: March 2020

Temperature dependences of total thermal conductivity and certain thermomagnetic coefficients of (In2Te3)1 − x(Cd0.9Zn0.1Te)x solid solution alloys (x = 0.01 and 0.03) were investigated and phonon scattering mechanisms were established. It was shown that ionized impurity centers and point structural defects are active in heat transfer at low temperatures, and scattering by acoustic and optical phonons dominates at high temperatures. At high temperatures, an additional thermal resistance of the crystal lattice appears in the studied solid solution, leading to a three-phonon scattering mechanism. A change in the thermomagnetic coefficients with temperature indicates a variable mechanism of phonon scattering and the elastic character of electron scattering in (In2Te3)1 − x(Cd0.9Zn0.1Te)x alloys.