bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitating the Expression of Emotions by Alleged Victims of Child Abuse During Investigative Interviews Using the Revised NICHD Protocol
Authors: Karni-Visel Yael , Hershkowitz Irit , Lamb Michael E. , Blasbalg Uri
Published: March 2019

Children’s testimony is often critical to the initiation of legal proceedings in abuse cases. In forensic interviews, the expression of emotions can powerfully enhance both the quality of children’s statements and perceptions that their statements are coherent and credible. However, children rarely express their emotions when reporting abusive events. The Revised The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Protocol (RP) was designed to emphasize socioemotional communication during forensic interviews and thus should be associated with more extensive and diverse expressions of emotions by alleged victims of abuse. The present study focused on forensic interviews (178 using the Revised and 100 using the Standard NICHD Protocol) with victims of physical child abuse whose allegations were corroborated using independent evidence. Detailed content coding showed that the RP was associated with the expression of more different emotions, more expression of abuse-related emotions, and more expression of emotions related to the interview context. Emotional expressiveness was associated with increased informativeness, and the association between the type of protocol and informativeness was fully mediated by emotional expressiveness. These results suggest that the Revised Protocol facilitates the expression of emotions by alleged victims of abuse in a way that enhances the value of children’s testimony in multiple ways.
Assessing Olympic legacy claims: Evaluating explanations of causal mechanisms and policy outcomes
Authors: Chen Shushu , Henry Ian
Published: March 2019

Olympic impact/legacy analysis as a research area has become a frequently discussed topic in the sociology of sport literature in general and in event management in particular since the 2000s. Although Olympic impact/legacy analysis has increased in volume, many studies still face methodological challenges (e.g. failure to adopt rigorous theoretical frameworks or overlooking additionality). The aim of this article is to unpack the logic of stakeholders in a critical evaluation of two London 2012 legacy programmes, critically reviewing the outcomes sought, and the actions adopted to achieve those outcomes, with reference to the concepts of programme theory, action theory and process tracing. We seek to redress the shortcomings of previous Olympic legacy claims which have failed to link theoretically informed accounts of the nature of Olympic-led/Olympic-inspired outcomes to explanations of the specific causal mechanisms that account for the generation of such outcomes.
‘Just doing their job?’ Journalism, online critique and the political resignation of Metiria Turei
Authors: Phelan Sean , Salter Leon A
Published: March 2019

When Metiria Turei resigned as co-leader of the Green party of Aotearoa New Zealand in August 2017, there was clear disagreement about the role played by journalism in her resignation. The controversy began after Turei confessed to not disclosing full information to the authorities about her personal situation as a welfare recipient in the 1990s. Journalists insisted they were simply ‘doing their job’ by interrogating Turei’s story, while online supporters accused the media of hounding her. This article examines the media politics of the controversy by putting Carlson’s concept of metajournalistic discourse into theoretical conversation with Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, especially their concept of antagonism. We explore what the case says about traditional journalistic authority in a media system where journalism is increasingly vulnerable to online critique from non-journalists.
Impact of Preoperative Symptoms and Revascularized Arterial Segment in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Baubeta Fridh Erik , Andersson Manne , Thuresson Marcus , Nordanstig Joakim , Falkenberg Mårten
Published: March 2019

Background:

Little is known about the relative impact of the preoperative symptoms rest pain and tissue loss, and of the arterial segment revascularized, on amputation rate and mortality in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). We wanted to investigate this topic further.

Method:

This population-based observational cohort study involved 10 419 patients revascularized for CLTI in Sweden, 2008 to 2013. Data were collected from health-care registries and medical records. The effect of preoperative symptoms and revascularized arteries was determined using Cox regression models. A competing risk analysis was used to determine the effect of symptoms on the combined endpoint “amputation or death”.

Results:

The amputation rate during a mean follow-up of 2 years was 7.5% in patients with rest pain, 15.6% in patients with tissue loss only, and 20.1% when both symptoms were present. Mortality was 39% lower in patients with rest pain only than in those with both symptoms. Revascularizations targeted the aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and infrapopliteal segments in 19.4%, 76.8%, and 30.6%, respectively. Distal revascularizations were associated with a higher amputation rate, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for comorbidities. Aortoiliac revascularizations were associated with high mortality. Competing risk analysis showed that mortality became the major determinant of amputation-free survival outcomes from 1 year after revascularization.

Conclusions:

Tissue loss implies a clearly worse prognosis compared to rest pain for patients with CLTI. Most revascularizations for CLTI are done in the femoropopliteal segment. Infrapopliteal procedures are associated with a higher amputation rate, whereas aortoiliac revascularizations are associated with higher mortality.
Students With the Most Significant Cognitive Disabilities Who Are Also English Learners
Authors: Karvonen Meagan , Clark Amy K.
Published: March 2019

There is a dearth of research describing the small population of students who have significant cognitive disabilities and are also English learners (ELs). This study expands what is known about this population by describing EL students who participated in Dynamic Learning Maps Alternate Assessments in 16 states during the 2016-2017 year. Data sources include (a) teacher responses to a survey of student characteristics, including items about academic skills, expressive and receptive communication, and classroom setting; (b) accessibility supports used during assessment; (c) students’ alternate assessment results; and (d) student EL services. Results are described for students identified as ELs, likely-ELs, and non-ELs. Analyses identified small but statistically significant group differences in academic and expressive-communication complexity levels, mean receptive-communication scores, instructional setting, and overall performance differences for likely-ELs compared with their peers, indicating a need for further research on instructional and assessment approaches teachers take for addressing these students’ needs.
Men’s Work-Related Stress and Mental Health: Illustrating the Workings of Masculine Role Norms
Authors: Boettcher Nick , Mitchell Jennifer , Lashewicz Bonnie , Jones Erin , Wang JianLi , Gundu Sarika , Marchand Alain , Michalak Erin , Lam Ray
Published: March 2019

Although a strong relationship between employment and men’s mental health has been identified, theoretical linkages between masculinity, employment, and mental health are not well developed and mental health supports that account for gender and employment are correspondingly inadequate. The purpose of this study is to contribute to theoretical understandings of men’s employment-related mental health experience and raise possibilities for gender-responsive employer supports for men’s mental health. Specifically, this study is a secondary analysis of narrative accounts from 18 men employed in male-dominated occupations about their employment-related mental health. Results of this study present evidence of processes by which theoretical concepts of masculine role norms influence work-related stress and mental health including: (a) injunctive norms, which operate through an internal sense of the cultural “shoulds” and “should nots”; (b) descriptive norms, which are communicated through the behaviors that a man sees other men enacting in his immediate environment; and (c) cohesive norms, which exert influence through observations of how men who are leaders, behave. Men’s insights into the complexity of employment-related stress and mental health according to masculine role norms related to work demands and leadership modeling and messaging are discussed. This study concludes with potential ways forward for employer support for men’s mental health.
Trapeziometacarpal Fusion With and Without Distal Scaphoid Excision: A Cadaveric Model Comparing Thumb Range of Motion
Authors: Faust Katherine C. , Lourie Gary M.
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To describe the biomechanical changes seen after thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) fusion with distal scaphoid excision (DSE), a surgical technique used for pantrapezial disease in high-demand individuals. Methods: A cadaveric study with 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens was conducted. Fluoroscopic measurements in posteroanterior (PA) and lateral planes were performed. Thumb CMC fusion was then simulated. The same images were taken after fusion. The distal scaphoid was excised, and the measurements were obtained again. The angle between the index finger and thumb metacarpals was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean arcs of motion in the PA plane pre-fusion, post-fusion, and post-fusion with DSE were 48.5°, 25.1°, and 34.6°, respectively. An increase in arc of 9.5° was obtained after DSE compared with thumb CMC fusion alone. The mean arcs of motion in the lateral plane pre-fusion, post-fusion, and post-fusion with DSE were 53.4°, 22.4°, and 33.6°, respectively. A statistically significant increase in arc of motion of 11.2° in the lateral plane was obtained after DSE compared with thumb CMC fusion alone. This was a 20% and 21% increase in pre-fusion range of motion in the PA and lateral planes, respectively, from fusion alone compared with fusion and DSE. Conclusions: Thumb CMC fusion combined with DSE maintains motion lost in simple CMC arthrodesis.
Clinical Outcomes of Limited Open Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures in 91 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Eisenberg Gilad , Clain Jason B. , Feinberg-Zadek Natanya , Leibman Matthew , Belsky Mark , Ruchelsman David E.
Published: March 2019

Background: The objective of the study is to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients treated with limited-open retrograde intramedullary headless screw (IMHS) fixation for metacarpal neck and shaft fractures. Methods: Retrospective review of 91 consecutive patients (79 men; 12 women), mean age 28 (range =15-69) years, treated with IMHS fixation for acute displaced metacarpal neck (N = 56) and shaft (N = 35) fractures at a single institution. Mean follow-up was 10 (range = 1-71, median = 3) months. Preoperative mean magnitude of metacarpal neck angulation was 48° (range = 0°-90°), and mean shaft angulation was 42° (range = 0°-70°). Active motion was initiated within 5 days postoperatively. Clinical outcomes were assessed with digital goniometry, grip strength, and return to full activity. The time to radiographic union and radiographic arthrosis was assessed. Results: All 91 patients achieved full functional arc of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) motion, and all achieved full active MCP extension or hyperextension. At mean follow-up of 10 months, postoperative mean MCP joint flexion-extension arc was 88° (range = 55°-110°). Grip strength was available for 52 patients and measured 104.1% of the contralateral hand (range = 58%-230%). Radiographic union data were available for 86 patients. Seventy-six percent (65/86) achieved radiographic union by the end of week 6 (range = 2-10 weeks). Early arthrosis was noted in 1 patient at the MCP. There were 3 cases of shaft refracture after recurrent blunt trauma, following prior evidence of full osseous union. Conclusions: The IMHS fixation is safe, reliable, and durable for metacarpal neck/subcapital, axially stable shaft fractures, and select delayed unions or malunions. It allows for early postoperative motion without affecting union rates and obviates immobilization. This technique offers distinct advantages over formal open reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire techniques.
Coarse-to-fine road scene segmentation via hierarchical graphical models
Authors: Deng Yanzi , Lu Zhaoyang , Li Jing
Published: March 2019

The road scene segmentation is an important problem which is helpful for a higher level of the scene understanding. This article presents a novel approach for image semantic segmentation of road scenes via a hierarchical graph-based inference. A deep encoder–decoder network is first applied for a fast pixel-wise classification. Then, hierarchical graph-based inference is performed to get an accurate segmentation result. In the inference process, all the object classes are grouped into fewer categories which contains at least one class. The category labels are assigned to image superpixels using Markov random field model. For each category, a pixel-level labeling based on fully connected conditional random fields is performed to divide image into different classes. After the inference for all categories, the results are integrated together to get the final segmentation. In additional to low-level affinity functions, the feature maps from network are integrated in pairwise potentials of the graphical models. This hierarchical inference scheme can alleviate the confusion of classes belonging to different categories. It performs well for small objects without adding more computational burden. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments are adopted to evaluate the proposed method. The results on benchmark data sets prove the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical scheme, and the performance is competitive with the state-of-the-art methods.
A novel universal gripper based on meshed pin array
Authors: Mo An , Zhang Wenzeng
Published: March 2019

Conventional grippers are designed for specific applications. They often encounter difficulties when grasping different objects in unstructured environments. This article introduces a novel gripper to challenge the universal grasp capability. Passively slidable pins are array arranged in the gripper. By meshing of pin’s elliptical contour, shape adaption to various objects is achieved in both vertical and horizontal directions using a single motor. Contact force is analyzed based on static and kinetic friction. Kinematic simulation on the grasping process reveals the interaction between critical parameters and the overall grasp performance. To conclude, a prototype pin array gripper demonstrates high adaptability to various objects in real-world testing.
Evaluating the Impact of Human Factors and Pen Needle Design on Insulin Pen Injection
Authors: Rini Christopher , Roberts Bruce C. , Morel Didier , Klug Rick , Selvage Benjamin , Pettis Ronald J.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Limited published data exists quantifying the influence of human factors (HF) and pen needle (PN) design on delivery outcomes of pen injection systems. This preclinical in vivo study examines the impact of PN hub design and applied force against the skin during injection on needle penetration depth (NPD).

Method:

To precisely locate injection depth, PN injections (20 µl; 2 IU, U-100 volume equivalent) of iodinated contrast agent were administered to the flank of Yorkshire swine across a range of clinically relevant application forces against the skin (0.25, 0.75, 1.25, and 2.0 lbf). The NPD, representing in vivo needle tip depth in SC tissue, from four 32 G × 4 mm PN devices (BD Nano™ 2nd Gen and three commercial posted-hub PN devices; n = 75/device/force, 1200 total) was measured by fluoroscopic imaging of the resulting depot.

Results:

The reengineered hub design more closely achieved the 4 mm target NPD with significantly less variability ( P = .006) than commercial posted-hub PN devices across the range of applied injection forces. Calculations of IM (intramuscular) injection risk completed through in silico probability model, using NPD and average human tissue thickness measurements, displayed a commensurate reduction (~2-8x) compared to conventional PN hub designs.

Conclusions:

Quantifiable differences in injection depth were observed between identical labeled length PN devices indicating that hub design features, coupled with aspects of variable injection technique, may influence injection depth accuracy and consistency. The reengineered hub design may reduce the impact of unintended individual technique differences by improving target injection depth consistency and reducing IM injection potential.
Unilateral internal jugular vein phlebectasia in an adult: Management and one year follow-up
Authors: Alenezi Mazyad , Alaglan Abeer , Almutairi Abdulhakeem , Alanazy Sultan , Al Wutayd Osama
Published: March 2019

Phlebectasia describes an anomalous, fusiform dilatation of a vein. In the neck region, the internal and external jugular veins are mostly affected. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Saudi Arabia of internal jugular phlebectasia affecting an adult female. We describe a 61-year-old female with complaints of a neck swelling she noticed 4 years ago. Initially, the swelling increased in size and reached a stable level. It was asymptomatic and only enlarged during Valsalva maneuver. Flexible nasolaryngoscopy and computerized tomography scan showed unremarkable examination. Follow-up after 1 year with US Doppler showed no progression. Internal jugular phlebectasia is a rare disorder which is often diagnosed during childhood. More often than not, it does not cause any significant morbidity. Since it is a benign condition, observation is advised with regular monitoring. For asymptomatic lesions, surgical intervention is recommended if cosmetic or psychologic concerns are present.
Exploring the Factor-Performance Relationship of Integrated Project Delivery Projects: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yu Jung Ho , Yoo Seung Eun , Kim Jung In , Kim Tae Wan
Published: March 2019

This study aims to explore the relationship between the critical success factors (CSFs) and the performance of integrated project delivery (IPD) projects based on empirical data from IPD projects. Data from 16 projects, in relation to 25 success factors and four performance areas (schedule performance, cost performance, defects, and change orders), were gathered and analyzed according to the qualitative comparative analysis method. As a result, this study identifies 17 factors as conditions that frequently occurred in successful IPD projects. This study also derives combinations of factors that led to IPD project success regarding each of the four performance areas.
Effect of chronic opioid therapy on pain and survival in a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Tran Huy , Sagi Varun , Leonce Song-Naba Waogwende , Wang Ying , Mittal Aditya , Lamarre Yann , Zhang Lei , Gupta Kalpna
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Chronic morphine treatment leads to decreased survival in control mice, but not in sickle mice. Chronic morphine treatment leads to hyperalgesia in sickle mice, but does not lead to analgesic tolerance.
Effects of combined training with different intensities on vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Magalhães João P. , Melo Xavier , Correia Inês R. , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Raposo João , Dores Hélder , Bicho Manuel , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: March 2019

Background

Exercise, when performed on a regular basis, is a well-accepted strategy to improve vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exercise intensity that yields maximal adaptations on structural and functional indices in patients with type 2 diabetes remains uncertain. Our objective was to analyze the impact of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) vs. a combined moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on structural and functional arterial indices in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 80) were randomized into an exercise intervention with three groups: control, combined HIIT with RT and combined MCT with RT. The 1-year intervention had 3 weekly exercise sessions. High-resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid artery and central and peripheral applanation tonometry were used to assess the changes in structural and functional arterial indices. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the corresponding outcomes.

Results

After adjusting the models for sex, baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean arterial pressure changes, while using the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant interaction was observed on the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) for both the MCT (β = − 4.25, p < 0.01) and HIIT group (β = − 3.61, p < 0.01). However, only the HIIT observed favorable changes from baseline to 1-year on peripheral arterial stiffness indices such as carotid radial arterial pulse wave velocity (β = − 0.10, p = 0.044), carotid to distal posterior tibial artery pulse wave velocity (β = − 0.14, p < 0.01), and on the distensibility coefficient (β = − 0.00, p < 0.01). No effect was found for hemodynamic variables after the intervention.

Conclusions

Following a 1-year intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes, both the MCT and HIIT group reduced their cIMT, whereas only the HIIT group improved their peripheral arterial stiffness indices and distensibility coefficient. Taken together, HIIT may be a meaningful tool to improve long-term vascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03144505
Circulating Tumor DNA Profiling of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
Authors: Mody Kabir , Kasi Pashtoon M. , Yang JuDong , Surapaneni Phani Keerthi , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Ahn Daniel H. , Mahipal Amit , Sonbol Mohamad B. , Starr Jason S. , Roberts Ali , Nagy Rebecca , Lanman Richard , Borad Mitesh J.
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

Recent advances in molecular diagnostic technologies have allowed for the evaluation of solid tumor malignancies via noninvasive blood sampling, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling. We sought to characterize the ctDNA genomic alteration landscape in patients with biliary tract cancers (BTCs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From January 2015 to February 2018, 124 patients with BTC at the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center underwent ctDNA testing using a clinically available assay. The majority of samples (n = 122) were tested using the 73-gene panel that includes somatic genomic targets, including complete or critical exon coverage in 30 and 40 genes, respectively, and in some, amplifications, fusions, and indels.

RESULTS

A total of 138 samples were included, with approximately 70% of patients having intrahepatic BTC. All patients had locally advanced or metastatic BTC. Samples with one or more alterations, when variants of unknown significance were excluded, numbered 105 (76%). Each sample contained, on average, three alterations with a median allelic fraction of 0.52%. The overall landscape of alterations is summarized in Figures 1 and 2. After excluding variants of unknown significance, therapeutically relevant alterations were observed in 76 patients (55%), including BRAF mutations, ERBB2 amplifications, FGFR2 fusions, FGFR2 mutations, and IDH1 mutations seen in 21% of patients. A different spectrum of alterations was observed in patients with early-onset BTC (younger than age 50 years) compared with older patients (older than age 50 years).

CONCLUSION

Data on ctDNA in BTC is currently limited. Our study, the largest cohort reported to date to our knowledge, demonstrates the feasibility of ctDNA testing in this disease. We provide a foundation upon which the field can continue to grow.
CryoAPEX – an electron tomography tool for subcellular localization of membrane proteins
Authors: Sengupta Ranjan , Poderycki Michael J. , Mattoo Seema
Published: March 2019

We describe a method, termed cryoAPEX, which couples chemical fixation and high-pressure freezing of cells with peroxidase tagging (APEX) to allow precise localization of membrane proteins in the context of a well-preserved subcellular membrane architecture. Further, cryoAPEX is compatible with electron tomography. As an example, we apply cryoAPEX to obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional contextual map of the human FIC (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE (also known as FICD). HYPE is a single-pass membrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and regulates the unfolded protein response. Alternate cellular locations for HYPE have been suggested. CryoAPEX analysis shows that, under normal and/or resting conditions, HYPE localizes robustly within the subdomains of the ER and is not detected in the secretory pathway or other organelles. CryoAPEX is broadly applicable for assessing both lumenal and cytosol-facing membrane proteins.
Environmental temperature alters the overall digestive energetics and differentially affects dietary protein and lipid use in a lizard
Authors: Plasman Melissa , McCue Marshall D. , Reynoso Víctor Hugo , Terblanche John S. , Clusella-Trullas Susana
Published: March 2019

Processing food (e.g. ingestion, digestion, assimilation) requires energy referred to as specific dynamic action (SDA) and is at least partially fuelled by oxidation of the nutrients (e.g. proteins and lipids) within the recently ingested meal. In ectotherms, environmental temperature can affect the magnitude and/or duration of the SDA, but is likely to also alter the mixture of nutrients that are oxidized to cover these costs. Here, we examined metabolic rate, gut passage time, assimilation efficiency and fuel use in the lizard Agama atra digesting cricket meals at three ecologically relevant temperatures (20, 25 and 32°C). Crickets were isotopically enriched with 13C-leucine or 13C-palmitic-acid tracers to distinguish between protein and lipid oxidation, respectively. Our results show that higher temperatures increased the magnitude of the SDA peak (by 318% between 32 and 20°C) and gut passage rate (63%), and decreased the duration of the SDA response (by 20% for males and 48% for females). Peak rate of dietary protein oxidation occurred sooner than peak lipid oxidation at all temperatures (70, 60 and 31 h earlier for 20, 25 and 32°C, respectively). Assimilation efficiency of proteins, but not lipids, was positively related to temperature. Interestingly, the SDA response exhibited a notable circadian rhythm. These results show that temperature has a pronounced effect on digestive energetics in A. atra, and that this effect differs between nutrient classes. Variation in environmental temperatures may thus alter the energy budget and nutrient reserves of these animals.
Η διαμόρφωση θρησκευτικών ταυτοτήτων σύμφωνα με τις αλλαγές του μοντέλου διδασκαλίας του μαθήματος των Θρησκευτικών στην Ελλάδα από το 2011 και μετά
Authors: Κομνηνού Ιωάννα
Published: March 2019

There are changes in the West Europe concerning religion such as the drastic decline of organized religion, secularization, the emergence of the individualized religion, and the new age spiritualties. These trends are reflected in Religious Education models applied in Great Britain. In 2011, the introduction of these models in the religious education in Greece results to dissemination of new religious movements, causing problems such as religious syncretism. Discourse analysis was utilized as a research tool in order to reveal policies/ideologies connected to religious education reform in Greece.
L’islam des manuels scolaires français: Comment l’école diffuse des stéréotypes
Authors: Mabilon-Bonfils Beatrice
Published: March 2019

Le projet de l’école publique française depuis sa création, n’a jamais été la simple transmission de connaissances disciplinaires. La nation française a modelé l’école à son image et l’école a eu pour finalité principale de fabriquer du Commun grâce à ses enseignements. Aujourd’hui, la France est devenue multi-cultuelle et l’école scolarise des publics nombreux issus des migrations successives. Construite pour réduire l’Autre au Même, l’école française altérise aujourd’hui. Ces questions émergent dans une société multiconfessionnelle où la présence des minorités ne peut plus être pensée comme conjoncturelle. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que l’altérisation par l’école laïque et dans l’école laïque passe (aussi) par des contenus d’enseignement. Quelle est l’image de soi et quelle est l’image de l’Autre que construisent les manuels? Et, spécifiquement, quelles sont les représentations de l’islam que l’école produit par les manuels scolaires? Notre article est fondé sur une analyse empirique d’un corpus de manuels significatifs.
Introduction
Authors: Karachontziti Elena , Stamelos Georgios
Published: March 2019

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
Functional specialization in the middle temporal area for smooth pursuit initiation
Authors: Bakhtiari Shahab , Pack Christopher C.
Published: March 2019

Smooth pursuit eye movements have frequently been used to model sensorimotor transformations in the brain. In particular, the initiation phase of pursuit can be understood as a transformation of a sensory estimate of target velocity into an eye rotation. Despite careful laboratory controls on the stimulus conditions, pursuit eye movements are frequently observed to exhibit considerable trial-to-trial variability. In theory, this variability can be caused by the variability in sensory representation of target motion, or by the variability in the transformation of sensory information to motor commands. Previous work has shown that neural variability in the middle temporal (MT) area is likely propagated to the oculomotor command, and there is evidence to suggest that the magnitude of this variability is sufficient to account for the variability of pursuit initiation. This line of reasoning presumes that the MT population is homogeneous with respect to its contribution to pursuit initiation.  At the same time, there is evidence that pursuit initiation is strongly linked to a subpopulation of MT neurons (those with strong surround suppression) that collectively generate less motor variability. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have combined human psychophysics, monkey electrophysiology, and computational modeling to examine how the pursuit system reads out the MT population during pursuit initiation. We find that the psychophysical data are best accounted for by a model that gives stronger weight to surround-suppressed MT neurons, suggesting that variability in the initiation of pursuit could arise from multiple sources along the sensorimotor transformation.
Strengthening ethical community engagement in contemporary Malawi
Authors: Nyirenda Deborah , Gooding Kate , Sambakunsi Rodrick , Seyama Linley , Mfutso-Bengo Joseph , Manda Taylor Lucinda , Gordon Stephen B. , Parker Michael
Published: March 2019

Although community engagement is increasingly promoted in global health research to improve ethical research practice, there is sometimes a disconnect between the broader moral ambitions for community engagement in the literature and guidelines on the one hand and its rather narrower practical application in health research on the other. In practice, less attention is paid to engaging communities for the ‘intrinsic’ value of showing respect and ensuring inclusive participation of community partners in research design. Rather, more attention is paid to the use of community engagement for ‘instrumental’ purposes to improve community understanding of research and ensure successful study implementation. Against this backdrop, we reviewed the literature and engaged various research stakeholders at a workshop to discuss ways of strengthening ethical engagement of communities and to develop context-relevant guidelines for community engagement in health research in Malawi.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy and cost of different methods for the assessment of severe anaemia in hospitalised children in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Olupot-Olupot Peter , Prevatt Natalie , Engoru Charles , Nteziyaremye Julius , Amorut Denis , Chebet Martin , Senyondo Tonny , Ongodia Paul , Ndila Carolyne M. , Williams Thomas N. , Maitland Kathryn
Published: March 2019

Background: Severe anaemia in children requiring hospital admission is a major public health problem in malaria-endemic Africa. Affordable methods for the assessment of haemoglobin have not been validated against gold standard measures for identifying those with severe anaemia requiring a blood transfusion, despite this resource being in short supply.

Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study of hospitalized children aged 2 months – 12 years at Mbale and Soroti Regional Referral Hospitals, assessed to have pallor at triage by a nurse and two clinicians. Haemoglobin levels were measured using the HemoCue ® Hb 301 system (gold standard); the Haemoglobin Colour Scale; Colorimetric and Sahli’s methods. We report clinical assessments of the degree of pallor, clinicians’ intention to transfuse, inter-observer agreement, limits of agreement using the Bland-Altman method, and the sensitivity and specificity of each method in comparison to HemoCue ®

Results: We recruited 322 children, clinically-assessed by the admitting nurse (n=314) as having severe (166; 51.6%), moderate (97; 30.1%) or mild (51; 15.8%) pallor. Agreement between the clinicians and the nurse were good: Clinician A Kappa=0.68 (0.60–0.76) and Clinician B Kappa=0.62 (0.53–0.71) respectively ( P<0.0001 for both). The nurse, clinicians A and B indicated that of 94/116 (81.0%), 83/121 (68.6%) and 93/120 (77.5%) respectively required transfusion. HemoCue ® readings indicated anaemia as mild (Hb10.0–11.9g/dl) in 8/292 (2.7%), moderate (Hb5.0–9.9g/dl) in 132/292 (45.2%) and severe (Hb<5.0g/dl) in 152/292 (52.1%). Comparing to HemoCue® the Sahli’s method performed best in estimation of severe anaemia, with sensitivity 84.0% and specificity 87.9% and a Kappa score of  0.70 (0.64–0.80).

Conclusions: Clinical assessment of severe pallor results has a low specificity for the diagnosis of severe anaemia. To target blood transfusion Hb measurement by either Hemocue® or Sahli’s method for the cost of USD 4 or and USD 0.25 per test, respectively would be more cost-effective.
Development of Training Activities to Improve the Socio-Psychological Climate in the Workforce
Authors: Прохорова М. , Prohorova M. , Лебедева Т. , Lebedeva T.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of an experiment on the development and application of training activities to improve the socio-psychological climate in the workforce of the educational organization. The theoretical substantiation of the interrelation of organizational culture and socio-psychological climate in the work collective is given, the preferred type of organizational culture for modern educational organizations is described. The results of diagnostics of the type of organizational culture and socio-psychological climate on the example of an educational organization are described, conclusions are drawn about the need for their development.

A set of training measures to improve the socio-psychological climate and the development of organizational culture is described. The results of experimental work on the implementation of the described training activities are presented, and the effectiveness of their application for the development of the work collective is proved.
Philosophical Understanding of Freedom and Responsibility in the Context of Pedagogical Activity: to the XXVII International Christmas Educational Readings — 2019
Authors: Шафажинская Наталья , Shafazhinskaya Natalya , Шишов Сергей , Shishov Sergey
Published: March 2019

The importance and timeliness of the topic of the International Christmas Educational Readings in 2019 "Youth: Freedom and Responsibility" is obvious and significant. This should be especially noted in the context of complex socio-political, economic, spiritual, moral and ethical relations of the modern world, the main potential resource of which is youth. Socio-psychological, civil formation of the younger generation has historically always been fraught with serious difficulties, and now the problems of a psychological, moral and ethical nature have been aggravated by the intensification of a hostile information policy directed against Russia, the traditional national values of the national culture. Contradictions and the increasing aggressiveness of the information space often prevent young people from understanding the current events and impede the process of social and political socialization of young people. This phenomenon, which is legitimately described as an open ideological intervention. It is difficult, first of all, to oppose the most psychologically vulnerable contingent - youth and youth - but perhaps with the consolidated efforts of representatives of the humanitarian educational sphere. A significant role in shaping public consciousness belongs to the content of all areas of educational and pedagogical activity, thanks to which youth policy becomes an essential component of both the socio-demographic policy of the state and the value vector of its ideological development.
Institutional Development of Charity and Culture of Helping Behavior in Education in the Late XIX — Early XX Centry (on the Example of the Zvenigorod District of Moscow Province)
Authors: Гусев В. , Gusev V. , Конобеева А. , Konobeeva A.
Published: March 2019

Changes in the social space in Russia in the late XIX — early XX century led to the folding and design of the system of charity, which included both private donors and specialized charities. Infrastructure and social diversity of Zvenigorod district were significantly reflected in the created organizations, which covered various spheres of life of the County population: education – assistance to teachers and students, equipment and material condition of schools, assessment of the financial situation of teachers. The main sources of research are Charters and Reports of charitable societies.
Dynamic Multisourcing with Dependent Supplies
Authors: Feng Qi , Jia Justin , Shanthikumar J. George
Published: March 2019

As multisourcing becomes a widely adopted strategy in dynamic procurement planning, firms inevitably source from suppliers with dependent material flows, and such supply dependence, created by common second-tier suppliers or a common economic environment, is often positive. We show that firms can experience significant profit loss when implementing a policy computed based on a model that ignores the dependence among suppliers’ stochastic material flows. The profit loss is particularly significant when a firm earns a low margin or faces an unreliable and fragmented supplier base. Analysis of the firm’s dynamic multisourcing strategy under dependent supply uncertainties, however, is challenging. By expanding the space of ordering decision to a class of contingency policies, we identify conditions under which the dynamic planning model has a concave transformation. This approach allows us to characterize the optimal procurement policy. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the firm may order more from a less reliable supplier than from a more reliable one who charges the same procurement cost. The order allocation to the less reliable supplier can be even larger when the capacities are more dependent. Though the analysis of our base model is conducted for dependent supply capacities that are independent across periods, we show that the results can be generalized to Markov-modulated supplies or general supply functions that are stochastically linear in midpoint.

This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Fostering Entrepreneurship: Promoting Founding or Funding?
Authors: Hellmann Thomas , Thiele Veikko
Published: March 2019

Governments across the globe are eager to foster entrepreneurial ecosystems, yet there is no consensus on what policies to use. We develop a theory about the equilibrium consequences of two canonical types of entrepreneurship policies: policies that encourage entrepreneurs to found new ventures and policies that encourage investors to fund new ventures. We distinguish between a short-term impact on current market activity versus a long-term impact on future activity. Investing in entrepreneurial ventures requires tacit knowledge that is mainly acquired through prior entrepreneurial experience, implying that the supply of capital depends on successful entrepreneurs from prior generations. Recognizing this intergenerational linkage has a profound impact on the market equilibrium and the effect of entrepreneurship policies. Our analysis identifies a rationale for using funding polices.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3074 .

This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Estudo do efeito do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: proposição de um protocolo
Authors: Chaves Jussara R. , Borges Daniel L. , Fortes João Vyctor S. , Vale Talik Fabrício S. , Borges Mayara Gabrielle B. , Silva Leandro M. , De Sá-Caputo Danúbia C. , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A cirurgia cardíaca é uma intervenção de grandeimportância no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, asquais contribuem para o aumento da morbimortalidade. Avibração mecânica gerada por uma plataforma oscilante/vibratória pode ser usada para exercícios de vibração no corpointeiro (EVCI), modalidade de exercício físico aqui proposta.Objetivo: Apresentar protocolo para avaliação de efeitos doEVCI em indivíduos no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca.Métodos: Indivíduos adultos, submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca,que receberem alta da Unidade de Tratamento intensivo atéo quarto dia de pós-operatório, serão distribuídos randomicamenteem 2 grupos: grupo controle (GC), que receberá atendimentofisioterapêutico convencional; e grupo Intervenção(GI), que, além do atendimento convencional, será submetidoao EVCI. Os pacientes do GI permanecerão com os joelhosflexionados a 15° na plataforma osclante/vibratória alternada,realizarão três séries de 1 min (por 1 min de repouso) a 5 Hz e 8mm de deslocamento pico a pico, duas vezes ao dia. A cada dia,as sessões serão modificadas, atingindo o máximo sete séries de1 min e 9 Hz, no sétimo dia de pós-operatório. Serão avaliadas aforça muscular respiratória, função pulmonar, força muscularperiférica, capacidade funcional e sensação de dor através damanovacuometria, espirometria, dinamometria, Time Up andGo (TUG), Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), EscalaVisual Analógica de Dor (EVA), POWERbreathe K5. Discussão:Estudos recentes demonstraram efeitos benéficos com EVCIem diferentes condições clínicas, que se apresenta como umapromissora forma de intervenção durante a reabilitação nopós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Conclusão: A aplicaçãodesse protocolo de estudo poderá preencher as lacunas sobreevidências que justificam um programa de reabilitação comEVCI para o indivíduo submetido à cirurgia cardíaca.Descritores: Exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro; Terapia porexercício; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Cirurgia cardíaca.
Efeitos imediatos do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro na simetria térmica das pernas e tornozelos
Authors: Seixas Adérito , Mendes Joaquim , Vardasca Ricardo , Bernardo-Filho Mario , Rodrigues Sandra
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O exercício vibratório de corpo inteiro (WBV)tornou-se uma modalidade alternativa para exercício e reabilitação.Poucos estudos abordaram o efeito desta modalidadede exercício usando a temperatura da pele como medida deresultado e menos estudaram o efeito da vibração do corpointeiro na simetria térmica. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliaro impacto da exposição aguda ao exercício de vibração nasimetria térmica da parte inferior das pernas e tornozelos emindivíduos saudáveis.Métodos: A temperatura da pele de 36 indivíduos saudáveis,não treinados, do sexo masculino e feminino, foi registadausando termografia (camara FLIR A325sc), antes e após a exposição ao exercício de vibração ou situação de controle. Todos os indivíduos foram instruídos a despir-se e a permanecer sala de exame por 15 minutos para alcançar a estabilização térmica. A temperatura ambiente e a humidade relativa foram controladas,com ausência de fluxo de ar. A Power Plate® forneceu uma estimulação mecânica com parametros definidos em uma frequência de 35 Hz, alta amplitude (5-6 mm), resultando numa aceleração máxima de 121-145 m/s2, por 5 minutos.Resultados: A simetria térmica foi maior na face anterior daperna (0,17±0,13ºC) e menor na região lateral do tornozelo(0,27±0,20ºC). A exposição aguda à WBV afetou significativamentea simetria térmica em ambos os tornozelos, nas facesanteriores e laterais (p≤0,05).Discussão: Os resultados sugerem que a exposição a um exercícioagudo de vibração (35Hz) influencia a simetria térmica dostornozelos, embora o mecanismo subjacente a essas mudançasexija que estudos futuros sejam totalmente compreendidosem indivíduos saudáveis e pacientes.Descritores: Temperatura da pele; Termografia; Vibração.
Vibração de corpo inteiro na unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão narrativa
Authors: Borges Daniel L. , Fortes João Vyctor S. , Vale Talik Fabrício S. , Borges Mayara Gabrielle B. , Chaves Jussara R. , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) vem sendoaplicada em diferentes condições clínicas, demonstrandopotenciais benefícios. Entretanto, sua aplicação em pacientescríticos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) ainda permanecepouco conhecida. Objetivos: Investigar o uso da VCI noambiente de UTI, buscando potenciais efeitos e benefícios.Métodos: Buscou-se artigos nas bases de dados PubMed e PEDroutilizando os termos “whole body vibration” e “intensivecare”. Resultados: Foram encontradas apenas duas publicações,ambas com foco na avaliação da segurança e viabilidade e respostasmetabólicas da VCI em pacientes críticos. Conclusão: AVCI mostrou-se uma ferramenta de reabilitação segura e viávelem pacientes críticos. A VCI tem potencial para prevenir e/outratar a fraqueza muscular nesses pacientes.Descritores: Vibração de corpo inteiro; Exercício; Unidadede Terapia Intensiva.