bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vision in the snapping shrimp Alpheus heterochaelis
Authors: Kingston Alexandra C. N. , Lucia Rebecca L. , Havens Luke T. , Cronin Thomas W. , Speiser Daniel I.
Published: October 2019

Snapping shrimp engage in heterospecific behavioral associations in which their partners, such as goby fish, help them avoid predators. It has been argued that snapping shrimp engage in these partnerships because their vision is impaired by their orbital hood, an extension of their carapace that covers their eyes. To examine this idea, we assessed the visual abilities of snapping shrimp. We found the big claw snapping shrimp, Alpheus heterochaelis, has spatial vision provided by compound eyes with reflecting superposition optics. These eyes view the world through an orbital hood that is 80-90% as transparent as seawater across visible wavelengths (400-700 nm). Through electroretinography (ERG) and microspectrophotometry (MSP), we found the eyes of A. heterochaelis have a temporal sampling rate>40 Hz and have at least two spectral classes of photoreceptors (λmax=500 and 519 nm). From the results of optomotor behavioral experiments, we estimate the eyes of A. heterochaelis provide spatial vision with an angular resolution of∼8°. We conclude that snapping shrimp have competent visual systems, suggesting the function and evolution of their behavioral associations should be re-assessed and that these animals may communicate visually with conspecifics and heterospecific partners.
Effects of monoamine manipulations on the personality and gene expression of three-spined sticklebacks
Authors: Abbey-Lee Robin N. , Kreshchenko Anastasia , Fernandez Sala Xavier , Petkova Irina , Løvlie Hanne
Published: October 2019

Among-individual behavioral differences (i.e. animal personality) are commonly observed across taxa, although the underlying, causal mechanisms of such differences are poorly understood. Animal personality has been correlated with physiological functions as well as fitness-related traits. Variation in many aspects of monoamine systems, such as metabolite levels and gene polymorphisms, has been linked to behavioral variation. Therefore, here we experimentally investigated the potential role of monoamines in explaining individual variation in personality, using two common pharmaceuticals that respectively alter the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain: fluoxetine and ropinirole. We exposed three-spined sticklebacks, a species that shows animal personality, to either chemical alone or to a combination of the two chemicals, for 18 days. During the experiment, fish were assayed at four time points for the following personality traits: exploration, boldness, aggression and sociability. To quantify brain gene expression on short- and longer-term scales, fish were sampled at two time points. Our results show that monoamine manipulations influence fish behavior. Specifically, fish exposed to either fluoxetine or ropinirole were significantly bolder, and fish exposed to the two chemicals together tended to be bolder than control fish. Our monoamine manipulations did not alter the gene expression of monoamine or stress-associated neurotransmitter genes, but control, untreated fish showed covariation between gene expression and behavior. Specifically, exploration and boldness were predicted by genes in the dopaminergic, serotonergic and stress pathways, and sociability was predicted by genes in the dopaminergic and stress pathways. These results add further support to the links between monoaminergic systems and personality, and show that exposure to monoamines can causally alter animal personality.
Future Ocean warming may prove beneficial for the northern population of European seabass, but ocean acidification does not
Authors: Howald Sarah , Cominassi Louise , LeBayon Nicolas , Claireaux Guy , Mark Felix C.
Published: October 2019

The world's oceans are acidifying and warming due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Thermal tolerance of fish much depends on the cardiovascular ability to supply the tissues with oxygen. The highly oxygen dependent heart mitochondria thus might play a key role in shaping an organism's tolerance to temperature. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic warming on respiratory capacities of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) heart mitochondria. We hypothesized that acute warming would impair mitochondrial respiratory capacities, but be compensated by life-time conditioning. Increasing PCO2 may additionally cause shifts in metabolic pathways by inhibiting several enzymes of the cellular energy metabolism.

Amongst others, acute warming of heart mitochondria of cold-conditioned fish increased leak respiration rates, suggesting a lower aerobic capacity to synthesize ATP with acute warming. However, thermal conditioning increased mitochondrial functionality, e.g. higher respiratory control ratios in heart mitochondria of warm-conditioned compared to cold-conditioned fish. Exposure to high PCO2 synergistically amplified the effects of acute and long-term warming, but did not result in changes by itself. We explained the high ability to maintain mitochondrial function under ocean acidification with the fact that seabass are generally able to acclimate to a variety of environmental conditions. Improved mitochondrial energy metabolism after warm conditioning could be due to the origin of this species in the warm waters of the Mediterranean. Our results also indicate that seabass are not yet fully adapted to the colder temperatures in their northern distribution range and might benefit from warmer temperatures in these latitudes.
Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Asiedu Berchie , Malcolm Dickson , Iddrisu Seidu
Published: October 2019

Background: Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters.

Methods: Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms’ production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed.

Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 83,000 to GH¢ 120,000 reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini Lili , Marlida Yetti , Wizna Wizna , Jamsari Jamsari , Mirzah Mirzah , Adzitey Frederick , Huda Nurul
Published: October 2019

Background: Dadih (fermented buffalo milk) is a traditional Indonesian food originating from West Sumatra province. The fermentation process is carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are naturally present in buffalo milk.  Lactic acid bacteria have been reported as one of potential producers of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA acts as a neurotransmitter inhibitor of the central nervous system.

Methods: In this study, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera were determined. Identification of the GABA-producing LAB DS15 was based on conventional polymerase chain reaction. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify LAB DS15.

Results: PCR of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of LAB DS15 gave an approximately 1400 bp amplicon.  Phylogenetic analysis showed that LAB DS15 was Pediococcus acidilactici, with high similarity of 99% at 100% query coverage to Pediococcus acidilactici strain DSM 20284.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih was Pediococcus acidilactici.
Case Report: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (Seidlmayer purpura) – a dramatic presentation for a benign disease
Authors: Carboni Elena , Scavone Maria , Stefanelli Ettore , Talarico Valentina , Zampogna Stefania , Galati Maria Concetta , Raiola Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

We present a case of an 11-month-old girl who was referred to our unit for an erythematous rash that appeared on the face and extremities. Personal and family history was not relevant. Laboratory tests were normal. During recovery, diameter and colour intensity of the cutaneous lesions increased, but after some weeks, lesions had a self-limited resolution without any treatment. Based on clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) was made.  AHEI is a rare cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that usually affects children aged between 4 and 24 months. Etiology is unknown but almost of 75% of cases are preceded by infectious episodes, vaccinations or use of medications. In contrast to the dramatic cutaneous eruption, clinical conditions are usually optimal. Classically, AHEI is characterized by a triad of symptoms: fever, edema and purpura. Skin lesions are erythematous, annular, medallion-like, purpuric plaques that have a rapid onset and appear on the face and extremities, sparing trunk and mucosal membranes. Initially interpreted as a variant of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, now it is considered a distinct disease. In the majority of cases the disease is benign and self-limited without a visceral involvement, so a conservative approach is most often chosen.
CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo
Authors: Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Antara Nyoman Yudi , Fadliansyah Lalu Gunawan , Ardiansyah Syamsul Arif , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Sunarti Sunarti , Widyarini Sitarina , Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Ghitha , Fatmasari Hindana , Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Alamsyah Firman , Taruno Warsito Purwo
Published: October 2019

Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue.  

Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were none DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups.

Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
The use of external fixation for the management of acute and chronic Monteggia fractures in children
Authors: Yuan Z. , Xu H. W. , Liu Y. Z. , Li Y. Q. , Li J. C. , Canavese F.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The main objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of acute (AMF) and chronic Monteggia fractures (CMF) in children treated by closed or open reduction and external fixation (EF).

Methods

This is a retrospective review of 26 patients with Monteggia fracture. Patients with AMF (time between trauma and surgery less than two weeks) were treated by closed reduction and EF of the ulna (Group A; 15 patients) while those with CMF (time between trauma and surgery more than three weeks) were managed by closed or open reduction and EF of the ulna (Group B; 11 patients). Clinical outcome was evaluated with radiography and the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome questionnaire (Quick DASH). Complications were recorded in both groups.

Results

No secondary displacement, wire migration, consolidation delays, nonunion, malunion or re-fracture was noted. However, one patient in Group A (6.7%) developed heterotopic ossification of the ulna; the final functional outcome was good (Quick DASH score: 18.2). One case of postoperative redislocation of the radial head was detected in Group B (9.1%). Two patients (7.6%) developed transient pin tract infection. Despite the fact that 16 out of 26 patients (six in Group A and ten in Group B) complained of the clinical appearance and/or had intermittent residual pain on the injured side, the results were essentially the same between the two groups of patients (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

EF is an alternative for the management of acute and chronic paediatric Monteggia fractures. It provides satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes with relatively low rates of complications.

Level of evidence

IV
The exhibition and other learning environments in The Millbank Atlas
Authors: Bradfield Marsha , Shechter Shibboleth
Published: October 2019

The Millbank Atlas is an open-ended project that maps and remaps the neighbourhood of Millbank, an area of London, UK. This is home to Chelsea College of Arts (University of the Arts London) and our course, BA (Hons) Interior and Spatial Design, which has anchored the Atlas since 2016. We offer the following reflections as tutors on this course and co-researchers on the Atlas, along with our students and members of the local community. Central to this discussion is the kind of learning journey enabled by this type of project, and how it benefits from being distributed across cultural, social, geographical, discursive and other environments. This raises fundamental questions for teaching and learning, especially the potential to complicate normative assumptions in higher education about where knowledge is produced and who learns from whom.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multidrug-resistant protein-encoding genes in Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffaloes in Ngawi district, Indonesia
Authors: Nuryady Mohammad Mirza , Widayanti Rini , Nurcahyo Raden Wisnu , Fadjrinatha Brilyantika , Fahrurrozi Ahmad Z. S.
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim: Excessive use of trypanocidal drugs can lead to cases of drug resistance. Multiple cases of resistance have been widely reported for drugs such as isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate. These cases deserve serious attention, especially in Indonesia, where the first case was recorded and where the molecular basis of trypanocidal drug resistance has never been evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene in Trypanosoma evansi isolates, sampled from Indonesia, by focusing on the phylogenetic relationship between these isolates and other Trypanosoma spp. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 blood samples were drawn from buffaloes in the Ngawi district, Indonesia. Animals infected with T. evansi were detected through the microhematocrit technique and Giemsa blood smear methods. Positive blood samples were used to inoculate in male mice (Mus musculus BALB-C strain) as an animal model for culturing the T. evansi. The genomic DNA of the blood taken from the T. evansi-infected mice was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Two genes were analyzed; the first gene detected for T. evansi corresponded to Trypanosoma brucei with a homology of 99% and the second gene to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, with a homology of 100%. These two genes of the MRP from T. evansi showed clear similarity to the MRPE and MRPA genes of the T. brucei ssp. Conclusion: The MRP gene is conserved on the subspecies level of T. brucei. Only few point mutations were found between various sequences, which mean that the proteins have the same structure. This is important to treat the parasite with the appropriate drugs in the future.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДИК СУДЕБНОГО АВТОРОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПИСЬМЕННОЙ МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ)
Authors: Zhdanova Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена исследованию интернет-дискурса в аспекте автороведческой проблематики. В статье рассматриваются специфические черты современной компьютерной коммуникации, жанровые особенности межличностной переписки, оказывающие влияние на язык электронных сообщений. Доказывается, что в интернет-дискурсе иначе проявляются речевые навыки авторов, что требует иного подхода при автороведческом исследовании в данной коммуникативной сфере. Отмечены черты, на которые стоит обратить внимание эксперту при работе с интернет-перепиской. В статье приведены результаты анализа сообщений в социальных сетях и мессенджерах, целью которого было выявление речевых особенностей, указывающих на определенные биологические и социальные признаки авторов. Сообщения в социальных сетях и мессенджерах рассматриваются как явления одного порядка, поскольку они близки функционально, так как служат в основном для неформального обмена информацией между знакомыми друг с другом адресатами, предполагают диалогическое общение преимущественно в письменной форме. В сфере анализа оказались сообщения, написанные лицами мужского и женского пола в возрасте от 12 до 72 лет, имеющими различное образование, занятыми в разных сферах деятельности, являющимися гражданами России и некоторых других стран. В результате анализа выявлены лексико-фразеологические, грамматические, стилистические, орфографические, пунктуационные особенности сообщений авторов в зависимости от их возраста, места происхождения, владения русским языком, уровня образования и общей культуры, профессии и рода занятий. Наиболее показательными признаны особенности лексического уровня. Отмечена необходимость применения к анализу интернет-коммуникации не только собственно лингвистических, но и лингвостатистических, квантитативных методов.
Diferenciais compensatórios de salário e o pagamento do adicional de insalubridade por ruído no Brasil
Authors: Salim Paulo Henrique Adib Dantas , Jorge Marco Antonio
Published: October 2019

No Brasil, a exposição ao ruído acima do limite legal prevê um adicional de 20% sobre o salário mínimo. Este artigo objetiva propor uma alternativa de pagamento do adicional de insalubridade para o ruído e está organizado em três seções, além da introdução. Na primeira, apresenta-se o referencial teórico baseado na teoria dos diferenciais compensatórios de salário e o marco legal referente à insalubridade e ao ruído no Brasil. A segunda seção apresenta a aplicação do modelo proposto e na última seção são apresentadas as considerações finais do trabalho, dentre elas, a de que haveria um ganho de eficiência com a sua implementação.
Starting with the Space: Integrating Learning Spaces and Technologies
Authors: Gibau Gina Sanchez , Kissel Francia , Labode Modupe
Published: October 2019

Teaching introductory courses to college freshmen requires innovative pedagogies, which are often powered by new advanced technologies. In addition to the potential for increased student engagement promised by new technologies, instructors may also plan and deploy active learning strategies that first consider the physical spaces in which learning will take place. Effective pedagogies acknowledge both the impact that space has on student learning and the utility of both “low” and “high” technologies to facilitate such learning, merging the inherent power of each. The following case study provides the example of a themed learning community (TLC) as a vehicle through which instructors may maximize technologies and spaces to enhance the teaching and learning process. The case study highlights both the use of physical learning spaces (e.g., cutting-edge Mosaic classrooms; traditional classrooms; the off-campus settings of museums) and learning technologies (e.g., high technology tools such as image sharing software versus low tech white boards and paper-based pop-up museum exhibits) to illustrate the ways in which instructional teams collaborate to intentionally design meaningful learning experiences for their students.
Laboratorios remotos: estudio de caso con una planta térmica didáctica
Authors: Londoño Alzate Jhon Alejandro , Fonseca Velásquez Aldemar , Delgadillo Eduardo Alberto
Published: October 2019

en este documento se presentan los resultados del proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar, diseñar, implementar y verificar un laboratorio remoto a partir de una planta térmica instalada en una sala de investigación de la Facultad Tecnológica de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Por lo anterior, se obtiene un laboratorio implementable en programas de enseñanza de la ingeniería -o entrenamiento de personal calificado- para realizar prácticas de control, instrumentación, y automatización con plantas reales, en ausencia de recursos y personal suficientes. Se ilustra la superación de retos tecnológicos propios de un desarrollo hardware-software-web tales como: selección de las variables de la planta, acciones remotas, plataforma de hardware y software sujetas a requerimientos técnicos, disponibilidad del servidor web, interfaz amigable para usuarios remotos, así como estimación de tiempos de respuesta. Esta propuesta establece una metodología de aprovechamiento de los avances en tecnologías como IoT (Internet of Things), ofreciendo alternativas técnicas que valen la pena asumir en futuras implementaciones.
Biodiversitätsmonitoring in Deutschland: Wie Wissenschaft, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft ein nationales Monitoring unterstützen können
Authors: Geschke Jonas , Vohland Katrin , Bonn Aletta , Dauber Jens , Gessner Mark O. , Henle Klaus , Nieschulze Jens , Schmeller Dirk , Settele Josef , Sommerwerk Nike , Wetzel Florian
Published: October 2019

Das Biodiversitätsmonitoring in Deutschland ist disziplinär und institutionell stark fragmentiert ‐ mit der Folge, dass weder der Zustand der Biodiversität noch ihre Entwicklungstrends einheitlich abgebildet werden. Das wäre jedoch die Voraussetzung, damit
Deutschland dem Biodiversitätsverlust gezielt entgegentreten sowie seinen nationalen und internationalen Berichtspflichten nachkommen kann. Fur ein erfolgreiches Biodiversitätsmonitoring mussen Akteure aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft besser zusammenarbeiten und ihre
Strategien zum Biodiversitätsmonitoring abstimmen.
Evaluating knowledge transfer at the interface between science and society
Authors: Krause Gesche , Schupp Maximilian Felix
Published: October 2019

In view of the global grand challenges, fundamental research institutions are increasingly being asked to provide context for the application of their research findings and to incorporate transdisciplinary forms of knowledge production. But how can the involvement of stakeholders from
outside academia be captured and evaluated within the research process? And how can they be engaged in meaningful science-stakeholder dialogue? “Good” processes are a prerequisite for meeting these changing requirements and for ensuring a successful knowledge transfer at the interface
between science and society.Societal challenges are increasing on a global scale, requiring an intensification of knowledge transfer (KT) between scientific and societal actors on multiple levels. These transfers bring up new demands regarding the way in which knowledge is produced and
transferred, which mechanisms are utilized to ensure the quality of these knowledge interactions, and how such interactions can be evaluated. Capturing and evaluating KT, however, also opens up new reflections about what a meaningful “impact” is and how KTs are shaped and driven.
The results presented here were reached by means of a formative and summative evaluation approach, and include an accompanying research effort that aimed to capture central KT processes from start to “finish” by a tailored KT process assessment framework. This framework was applied
to the ongoing activities of twelve in-house KT projects (from 2014 to 2017) that were conducted in a fundamental natural science research institution within the field of earth system science. Our findings indicate that, among other things, the continuous assessment of the underlying processes
of KT allows for processes and outcomes to be directly influenced, while also providing scope for institutional learning. Better insights into the definition of “societal relevance” may in fact not start with the result, but rather with the question of how the research will be
conducted and for whom.
Numerical solution of the Eikonal equation for an automatic piping
Authors: Rjasanowa Kerstin
Published: October 2019

The procedure of positioning of pipes, for example for the automobile exhaust construction, by the use of 3D CAD systems is difficult and time consuming because of obstacles in an engine compartment.
There are also further strong technical requirements and restrictions.
An automatic generation procedure based on the level set method and the numerical solution of the Eikonal equation is proposed.
The positions of pipes which satisfy the technical requirements are obtained using spline functions.
Characteristics of Secondary Arc Current on UHV DC and EHV AC Transmission Lines Erected on the Same Tower
Authors: XIE Yadi , HE Baina , WANG Lemiao , JIANG Renzhuo , ZHOU Yuyang , MAO Yazhe
Published: October 2019

With the continuous expansion of the scale of power system, corridor resources of overhead transmission lines tend to be saturated in China, making AC/DC erection on the same tower a trend in future development. The AC/DC coupling effect will cause DC line to generate secondary arc current at the point of failure when transmission line fails, which affects the DC restart. On account of the mechanism of generating secondary arc current by AC/DC lines erected on the same tower, this paper uses PSCAD to establish simulation model for AC/DC erected on the same tower. And the effects of different fault locations, lengths of coupling sections, and different transposition modes of AC lines on the secondary arc current and recovery voltage of AC and DC lines are studied. The results show that secondary arc current on DC line is greatly affected by fault location and length of coupling line, and using different transposition modes of AC lines can reduce secondary arc current on the DC lines effectively. According to Yunguang UHV DC restart time sequence, setting the restart time sequence can increase the first restart deionization time to ensure the stable operation of the system.
Twin fetal facial expressions at 30–33+6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Nitta Emiko , Kanenishi Kenji , Mori Nobuhiro , AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Hata Toshiyuki
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the characteristics of twin fetal facial expressions at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound to clarify twin fetal brain development and maturation.

Methods

Frequencies of seven fetal facial expressions were studied using 4D ultrasound for 15 minutes in 30 singleton pregnancies and 18 twin pregnancies [four monochorionic diamniotic (MD) and 14 dichorionic diamniotic (DD) twins] at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation. Comparison of the frequency in each facial expression was performed between singleton and twin fetuses.

Results

Mouthing was the most frequent facial expression at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation, followed by blinking in twin and singleton fetuses. Both facial expressions were significantly more frequent than other expressions (P < 0.05). The frequencies of mouthing and scowling in twin fetuses were significantly lower than those in singleton fetuses, but there were no significant differences in the frequencies of the five other facial expressions between the fetal groups.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that restricted twin fetal behavior before 20 weeks of gestation may still affect the frequencies of twin facial expressions early in the third trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, the frequencies of facial expressions in twins are different from those of singleton fetuses.
Social robots: The influence of human and robot characteristics on acceptance
Authors: Bishop Laura , van Maris Anouk , Dogramadzi Sanja , Zook Nancy
Published: October 2019

Research in social robotics is focused on the development of robots that can provide physical and cognitive support in a socially interactive way. Whilst some studies have previously investigated the importance of user characteristics (age, gender, education, robot familiarity, mood) in the acceptance of social robots as well as the influence a robot’s displayed emotion (positive, negative, neutral) has on the interaction, these two aspects are rarely combined. Therefore, this study attempts to highlight the need to consider the influence that both human and robot attributes can have on social robot acceptance. Eighty-six participants completed implicit and explicit measures of mood before viewing one of three video clips containing a positive, negative or neutral social robot (Pepper) followed by questionnaires on robot acceptance and perception. Gender and education were not associated with acceptance; however, several constructs of the acceptance questionnaire significantly correlated with age and mood. For example, those younger and those experiencing sadness or loneliness were more dependent on the opinions of others (as measured by the social influence construct of the acceptance questionnaire). This highlights the importance of mood in the introduction of social robots into vulnerable populations. Robot familiarity also correlated with robot acceptance with those more familiar finding the robot less useful and less enjoyable, this is important as robots become more prominent in society. Displayed robot emotion significantly influenced acceptance and perception with the positive robot appearing more childlike than the negative and neutral robot, and the neutral robot the least helpful. These findings emphasise the importance of both user and robot characteristics in the successful integration of social robots.
Radiación gamma para inducción de mutagénesis en pasto rosado [Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka]
Authors: Corrales Lerma Raúl , Avendaño Arrazate Carlos Hugo , Morales Nieto Carlos Raúl , Santellano Estrada Eduardo , Villarreal Guerrero Federico , Melgoza Castillo Alicia , Álvarez Holguín Alan , Gómez Simuta Yaudiel
Published: October 2019

La radiación gamma puede ser utilizada para conocer el rango de radiosensibilidad (RRS) en pastos con fines de mejoramiento genético por mutagénesis. El pasto rosado es una especie invasora que puede ser mejorada en valor nutricional u otras características. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dosis óptima de radiación gamma para inducir mutaciones efectivas en pasto rosado mediante dosis letal media (DL50) y reducción media de crecimiento (GR50). El estudio fue realizado en campo, laboratorio e invernadero. De acuerdo a la media ponderada de las variables incluidas en LD50 y GR50, la dosis óptima se estimó a los 304 Gy. Los resultados de este estudio permiten conocer el RRS para la aplicación de radiación gamma óptima con Co60, que pueda inducir características futuras de interés económico y ecológico en el pasto rosado.
High-Intensity Functional Training Shows Promise for Improving Physical Functioning and Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Heinrich Katie M. , Crawford Derek A. , Langford Cheyenne R. , Kehler Ainslie , Andrews Victor
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose:

Healthy aging allows older adults to remain active in their communities; however, sedentary behaviors can lead to physical deconditioning and decreased physical function. Structured exercise programs are recommended to facilitate activity engagement and prevent muscle atrophy due to aging to facilitate older adults' abilities to complete activities of daily living. In particular, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a multicomponent group exercise program that has previously been shown to increase physical function for middle-age cancer survivors. This study examined the preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of HIFT for improving physical function and participation in physical activity for community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:

The 8-week pilot study included two 60-minute HIFT sessions per week. Participants (n = 8) were 75% female with a mean age of 71 (6) years. Study initiation, adherence, and acceptability were assessed to determine feasibility. Effectiveness was assessed via 5 physical function measures conducted during sessions 1 and 16 and included the Timed Up and Go, lift and carry test, chair stand test, a repeated stair climb test, and the 6-minute walk test. Participants also self-reported confidence and difficulty for activities of daily living via the Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log and physical activity participation via the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire.

Results and Discussion:

The study recruitment rate was 88.9% and 87.5% of participants adhered. Intervention acceptability was promising, as 4 participants reported liking multiple aspects of the intervention (eg, coaching/supervision and similar age peers). Intervention effectiveness was promising with significant improvement in 1 of 5 physical function measures, although clinical effects were most likely trivial. Participants reported increased participation in both leisure and structured physical activities.

Conclusions:

HIFT appeared feasible and showed promise for counteracting the loss of physical function and sedentary behaviors associated with aging. Results should be confirmed in a longer, fully powered study.
We Need to Talk About Development and Victims
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

The article by Lilienfeld and colleagues (this issue) proposes that the study of personality disorders could be substantially advanced by viewing at least some of them as emergent interpersonal syndromes. This commentary considers the need for a developmental approach in understanding how the emergent interpersonal syndromes arise. It also highlights the importance of systematically studying individual differences in victimization. We need to understand why some are more likely than others to be exploited, victimized, or remain in a dysfunctional relationship with an individual with a personality disorder.
An Atlas of Transcription Factors Expressed in Male Pupal Terminalia ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vincent Ben J , Rice Gavin R , Wong Gabriella M , Glassford William J , Downs Kayla I , Shastay Jessica L , Charles-Obi Kenechukwu , Natarajan Malini , Gogol Madelaine , Zeitlinger Julia , Rebeiz Mark
Published: October 2019

During development, transcription factors and signaling molecules govern gene regulatory networks to direct the formation of unique morphologies. As changes in gene regulatory networks are often implicated in morphological evolution, mapping transcription factor landscapes is important, especially in tissues that undergo rapid evolutionary change. The terminalia (genital and anal structures) of Drosophila melanogaster and its close relatives exhibit dramatic changes in morphology between species. While previous studies have identified network components important for patterning the larval genital disc, the networks governing adult structures during pupal development have remained uncharted. Here, we performed RNA-seq in whole Drosophila melanogaster male terminalia followed by in situ hybridization for 100 highly expressed transcription factors during pupal development. We find that the male terminalia are highly patterned during pupal stages and that specific transcription factors mark separate structures and substructures. Our results are housed online in a searchable database (https://flyterminalia.pitt.edu/) as a resource for the community. This work lays a foundation for future investigations into the gene regulatory networks governing the development and evolution of Drosophila terminalia.
The Enigmatic Canal-Associated Neurons Regulate Caenorhabditis elegans Larval Development Through a cAMP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chien Jason , Wolf Fred W , Grosche Sarah , Yosef Nebeyu , Garriga Gian , Mörck Catarina
Published: October 2019

Caenorhabditis elegans larval development requires the function of the two Canal-Associated Neurons (CANs): killing the CANs by laser microsurgery or disrupting their development by mutating the gene ceh-10 results in early larval arrest. How these cells promote larval development, however, remains a mystery. In screens for mutations that bypass CAN function, we identified the gene kin-29, which encodes a member of the Salt-Inducible Kinase (SIK) family and a component of a conserved pathway that regulates various C. elegans phenotypes. Like kin-29 loss, gain-of-function mutations in genes that may act upstream of kin-29 or growth in cyclic-AMP analogs bypassed ceh-10 larval arrest, suggesting that a conserved adenylyl cyclase/PKA pathway inhibits KIN-29 to promote larval development, and that loss of CAN function results in dysregulation of KIN-29 and larval arrest. The adenylyl cyclase ACY-2 mediates CAN-dependent larval development: acy-2 mutant larvae arrested development with a similar phenotype to ceh-10 mutants, and the arrest phenotype was suppressed by mutations in kin-29. ACY-2 is expressed predominantly in the CANs, and we provide evidence that the acy-2 functions in the CANs to promote larval development. By contrast, cell-specific expression experiments suggest that kin-29 acts in both the hypodermis and neurons, but not in the CANs. Based on our findings, we propose two models for how ACY-2 activity in the CANs regulates KIN-29 in target cells.
THERMOSONICATION ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF BLOOD FRUIT (HAEMATOCARPUS VALIDUS) JUICE AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION THROUGH RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: R Sasikumar. , Chutia Hammend , S. C Deka.
Published: October 2019

In this study, simultaneous optimization of various ultrasound power intensity, processing temperature and processing time was performed to extracted blood fruit juice with retention of highest amount of bioactive compounds by the novel approach of thermosonication. Face centered central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain optimum conditions while performing this extraction approach in an ultrasonic treatment chamber with lower temperatures as compared to the conventional extraction methods. The following combination of parameters including ultrasonic power at 118, 224 and 330 Watt /cm2, ultrasonic time at 1, 3 and 7 min and processing temperatures at 42, 54 and 64oC were taken and evaluated for the following responses: Peroxidase activity, juice yield, lethality of E.coli, cloud value, Ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content. Optimum process condition was achieved at a temperature, ultrasound power, and treatment time of 59.9oC, 118 Watt /cm2 and 7 min, respectively.
A MINI-REVIEW ON BIOFUELS FROM CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII
Authors: Missoum Asmaa
Published: October 2019

This bibliographic review gives a concise overview of cultivation of microalgae for the production of biofuel. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the best microalgae that can be used for producing biofuel because of its simplicity of genome that allows it to be easily manipulated by genetic engineering for abundant growth. C. reinhardtii produces lipids under nitrogen deficient condition, which contains many triacylglycerols (TAGs) that inﬂuences the metabolism to a great extent and used for membrane remodeling. Several genes such as citrate synthase and DGAT2 involved in this mechanism were manipulated by engineering metabolic pathways to maximize lipid production under nitrogen deprived conditions. Additionally, C. reinhardtii can be efficiently cultivated and grown in closed photobioreactors, flat plate, tubular or vertical column with protected CO2 rather than open pond systems. In addition, C. reinhardtii can be harvested by several methods including Tris-Acetate Phosphate Pluronic (TAPP) medium method. Compared to conventional diesel, microalgae based biofuel, which is produced by trans-esterfication reactions, has a higher pour point temperature but similar properties. Contrasting Energy-efficiency ratio (EER) values of C. reinhardtii with those of other crops (Jatropha, palm oil and sunflower) is a crucial process before commercialization. The environmental impacts of microalgae are also beneficial in a way it can treat wastewater containing large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are beneficial for algae cultivation and produce bio-oil. However, this is a risky proposition as it can cause eutrophication and hypoxia in the ponds. Nevertheless, further research on bio-fuel production from C. reinhardtii must be carried out.
PRODUCTION AND STORAGE STABILITY OF ANTIOXIDANT FIBER FROM PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN) POD
Authors: Khemacheewakul Julaluk , Prommajak Trakul , Leksawasdi Noppol , Techapun Charin , Nunta Rojarej , Kreungngern Danchai , Janmud Waruntorn
Published: October 2019

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) pods were considered byproducts obtained from food industry which was raw material for the production of antioxidant fiber powder in this investigation. The effects of pretreatment (washing and blanching) and drying temperatures (60, 70, and 80C) on total crude fiber contents, total phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity by the method of DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP were evaluated. The results showed that blanched (60C) samples had the shortest drying times of 9.03 h. However, blanching significantly (p≤0.05) reduced antioxidant capacity of dried pigeon pea pod powders when compared to washing with tap water and fresh sample. Higher drying temperature tended to decrease fiber contents and antioxidant activity of dried powder. The pigeon pea pod powders were stored in ziplock bags or vacuum packaging at room temperature for 8 weeks. The moisture content of the powder kept in both packaging increased over time, which correlated with the water activity during 8 weeks of storage. In addition, storage times caused a decline in the levels of total phenolic concentration, DPPH, and FRAP values. The amount of total phenolic concentration, DPPH and FRAP of vacuum-packed samples were significantly higher than those stored in ziplock bags during storage. It could be concluded that washing with tap water and drying temperature of 60C was the most suitable condition for the process of fiber powder with antioxidant activity preparation from pigeon pea pod. Moreover, vacuum packaging method was sufficient to maintain the antioxidant capacity of the sample for 8 weeks.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PRE-TREATED ADUWA (BALANITES AEQYPTIACA) SEED MEAL FOUR
Authors: Ogori A.F. , T. Girgih A. , Hleba Lukas , Yessimbekov Zhanibek , Suychinov Anuarbek , Abilmazhinova Bibigul , Abdisheva Zukhra , Ali Shariati Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Effects of pretreatments on the phytochemical properties of Balanites aeqyptiaca seed meal were investigated. Balanites aegyptiaca, belongs to the family Balaniteceae, that grows in tropical zones and is employed as animal forage. Its leaves are cooked and the seeds contains high quality oil and protein content. In this experiment, Balanites aeqyptiaca seeds were subjected to three treatments: First was toasting just before milling, oil extraction and finally meal cake production. Second was boiling, drying, toasting, milling, oil extracting and finally meal cake production. The third one was soaking overnight at ambient temperature, toasting, oil extraction and ultimately production of meal cake. In addition, raw seeds were marked as control. The main constituents were reported as 13.3-24.01% for water, 14.4-24% for lipid, 1.43-4.02% for crude fiber, 7.36-8.97% for moisture content and 43.79-52.50 % for carbohydrates. Further experiments also were performed to evaluate photo-chemicals like saponnins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins in pre-treated samples. These compounds were ranged between 5.81-8.63 mg/g in saponnins, 0.65-1.42 mg/g in alkaloids, 9.28-11.17 mg/g in flavonoids, 2.00-4.00 mg/g in phenols and 0.00-2.40 mg/g in tannins. To characterize deeply the pre-treated samples, some of the functional properties like bulk density, least gelation capacity, oil and water absorption were also examined. The results indicated that foaming capacity ranged between 16.06-67.3 %, bulk density value ranged from 60-75 g/ml, Least gelation capacity was 11.03-12.74 g/ml, oil absorption and water absorption capacity values ranged between 0.00-0.01g/ml and 0.08-0.26g/ml respectively.