bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inoculating students against science-based manipulation strategies in social media: debunking the concept of ‘water with conductivity extract’
Authors: Belova Nadja , Krause Moritz
Published: October 2022

Social media are a popular source of information for young people, serving the purposes of not only communication but also the creation and distribution of content as well as advertising. However, that content may contain science-related information that in many cases is not based on scientifically proven sources. Content creators and/or advertisers use a specific set of strategies to make their claims more credible, and to address the strategies connected to science aspects, we created a fake product called ‘HIQO – the water with conductivity extract’ and claimed that it improved the conductivity of the brain to make the drinker smarter. We established a fully fledged web presence and ordered specially labelled bottles that in fact contained only ordinary mineral water. When creating the Internet resources, we made sure to consider the major manipulation strategies known from the literature. The product was embedded in a three-hour teaching sequence and has been tested with a total of 106 students from three secondary schools in northern Germany. The module was evaluated using tasks to assess civic online reasoning; the evaluation took place using a rubric with three levels (beginning/emerging/mastery), with learners who participated in the teaching sequence before attempting the tasks reaching the higher levels significantly more often than did those in the control group, who were given only the tasks.
Nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoroalkylation of 1,3-dienes
Authors: Liao Ling , Zhang Ying , Wu Zhong-Wei , Ye Zhong-Tian , Zhang Xue-Xin , Chen Guangying , Yu Jin-Sheng
Published: October 2022

We report a highly enantio- and regio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoro(methyl)alkylation of 1,3-dienes using chiral Ni catalysis, allowing access to chiral allylic compounds bearing a CH2F, CD2F or monofluoroalkyl group at the stereocenter.
Coordination-induced bond weakening of water at the surface of an oxygen-deficient polyoxovanadate cluster
Authors: Cooney Shannon E. , Fertig Alex A. , Buisch Madeleine R. , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: October 2022

Coordination-induced bond weakening facilitates H-atom transfer from polyoxovanadate surface.
Local structure analysis and structure mining for design of photocatalytic metal oxychloride intergrowths
Authors: Chatterjee Kaustav , Magnard Nicolas Pierre Louis , Mathiesen Jette K. , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø. , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: October 2022

Local structures of synthesized, durable and high-activity Bi4TaO8Cl–Bi2GdO4Cl intergrowth photocatalysts are investigated by pair distribution function, structure mining and strain analysis and correlated to their optoelectronic properties.
Aggregation effects on the one- and two-photon excited fluorescence performance of regioisomeric anthraquinone-substituted perylenediimide
Authors: Xu Liang , Long Xueting , He Jiaxin , Liu Lingxiu , Kang Fangyuan , Deng Ziqi , Wu Jieyu , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Qichun
Published: October 2022

The isomerism effect on the aggregate emission properties of perylene diimide derivatives is studied. Banking on their bright emission, a cellular imaging test based on their nanoparticles is also conducted.
Closed‐form expressions and statistical analysis of constant false alarm rate detection in multiple false target jamming condition
Authors: Chen Xiaozhou , Jin Ke , Wang Xiaobo , Hu Mengzhong
Published: October 2022

Multiple false target jamming is an effective electronic attack measurement that will deteriorate the detection performance of radar constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, but its effects lack sufficient exploration. To solve the problem, an upgraded Bernoulli experiment model (BEM) is established and deduced using direct integral method. Given the number of jamming pulses in different cells, the detection performance can be obtained analytically. BEM can provide a meaningful physical view of CFAR from energy perspective, unveiling the mechanism how jamming deteriorate CFAR performance. Real multiple false target jamming is an extension of BEM where pulses are randomly located. This can be solved by integrating the distribution of jamming pulses into BEM which is named as statistical model (SM). Numerical examples validate that BEM and SM are more accurate and thousands of times faster than Monte‐Carlo results. Influential parameters are discussed and some valuable suggestions for radar counter‐countermeasurement are obtained.
Role of flexible data in evaluation productivity and cost efficiency using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Shahkooeei M. , Balf F. Rezai , Rabbani M. , Jelodar M. Fallah
Published: October 2022

In decision management science, recognizing the inputs and outputs of an organization is very important to evaluate its performance. In particular, it becomes more important when costs are incurred for the organization’s inputs. In this paper, we evaluate the cost efficiency of a set of decision-making units (DMUs) so that some of its indices can appear as flexibly in the input or output role. Since, if flexible indices are evident in the input index, then they play an important role in costs, it will be important to identify the performance of the units. However, in this paper, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, we determine the cost efficiency and productivity of a set of decision-making units with multiple inputs and multiple outputs in the presence of flexible indices. Finally, we present an example that shows the effect of the flexible index on cost efficiency, and also with an application example, we will determine the cost efficiency and productivity of 40 branches of the banks. The obtained result is compared with one of the other methods.
Local environmental effects on cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic: PARMA-based snow cover correction for neutrons and machine learning approach for neutrons and muons
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kato Chihiro , Kadokura Akira , Kozai Masayoshi , Miyake Shoko , Murase Kiyoka , Yoshida Lihito , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Munakata Kazuoki
Published: October 2022

Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays around the solar minimum in 2019–2020 looks different in the secondary neutrons and muons observed at the ground. To compare the solar modulation of primary cosmic rays in detail, we must remove the possible seasonal variations caused by the atmosphere and surrounding environment. As such surrounding environment effects, we evaluate the snow cover effect on neutron count rate and the atmospheric temperature effect on muon count rate, both simultaneously observed at Syowa Station in the Antarctic (69.01° S, 39.59° E). A machine learning technique, Echo State Network (ESN), is applied to estimate both effects hidden in the observed time series of the count rate. We show that the ESN with the input of GDAS data (temperature time series at 925, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 70, 50, 30, and 20 hPa) at the local position can be useful for both the temperature correction for muons and snow cover correction for neutrons. The corrected muon count rate starts decreasing in late 2019, preceding the corrected neutron count rate which starts decreasing in early 2020, possibly indicating the rigidity-dependent solar modulation in the heliosphere.
Knorpelersatzverfahren und Regeneration am Knie- und
Hüftgelenk
Authors: Faber Svea , Niemeyer Philipp , Fickert Stefan
Published: October 2022

Die operative Therapie von Knorpelschäden am Kniegelenk hat sich in den
letzten Jahren von vorsichtigen Anfängen mit innovativen
Therapieansätzen zu einem festen und etablierten Baustein der
gelenkerhaltenden Therapie entwickelt. Hingegen hat sich am Hüftgelenk
erst in den letzten 10 Jahren, basierend auf einem erweiterten
Verständnis grundlegender mechanischer Pathomechanismen, die
gelenkerhaltende Hüftchirurgie und insbesondere die Knorpeltherapie
etabliert. Der Beitrag stellt die zur Verfügung stehenden Techniken
vor.
Neuroprotective Properties of Chlorogenic Acid and 4,5-Caffeoylquinic Acid from Brazilian arnica (Lychnophora ericoides) after Acute Retinal Ischemia
Authors: Liberato José Luiz , Rosa Marcela Nunes , Miranda Matheus C. Romeiro , Lopes João Luís Callegari , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Gobbo-Neto Leonardo , Fontana Andreia C. K. , dos Santos Wagner Ferreira
Published: October 2022

Lychnophora is a genus of South American flowering plants in the daisy family, popularly known as “Brazilian arnica”. It is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and
analgesic agent, whose active components are derived from chlorogenic acid (CGA) and C-flavonoids. Since the drugs currently used are ineffective to treat glaucoma, agents with antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties may represent new alternatives in preventing cellular lesions in retinal ischemia. In this study, we report the neuroprotective effects of CGA and
4,5-di-O-[E]-caffeoylquinic (CQA) acid, isolated from Lychnophora plants, in a rodent glaucoma model. Wistar rats were administered intravitreally with 10 µg CGA or CGA, and
then subjected to acute retinal ischemia (ISC) by increasing intraocular pressure (IPO) for 45 minutes followed (or not) by 15 minutes of reperfusion (I/R). Qualitative and quantitative
analyses of neurodegeneration were performed using hematoxylin-eosin or Fluoro-Jade C staining protocols. All retinas submitted to ISC or I/R exhibited matrix disorganization, pyknotic
nuclei, and pronounced vacuolization of the cytoplasm in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Pretreatment with CGA or CQA resulted in the protection of the retinal
layers against matrix disorganization and a reduction in the number of vacuolized cells and pyknotic nuclei. Also, pretreatment with CGA or CQA resulted in a significant reduction in
neuronal death in the GCL, the INL, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) after ischemic insult. Our study demonstrated that CGA and CQA exhibit neuroprotective activities in retinas subjected
to ISC and I/R induced by IPO in Wistar rats.
Unexpected Prolonged Survival in a Case of Cerebellar GBM: An Interesting Case with Literature Review
Authors: Nandan Maruti , Patnaik Ashish , Sahu Rabi Narayan , Dikshit Priyadarshi , Maurya Ved P. , Das Kuntal K. , Kumar Raj
Published: October 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of cerebellar hemisphere is a rare entity and constitutes less than 1% of all the GBMs. The rarity of occurrence leads to significant challenge in differentiating morphologically from other subtypes of glioma in the posterior fossa. Previous studies have suggested that cerebellar GBM occurs in the younger age group as compared with the supratentorial counterpart.

Here, we report a case of cerebellar GBM in a young adult and discuss the pathogenesis including radiological and pathological aspects involved in the treatment of cerebellar GBM.
Microtomographic Assessment of the Shaping Ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper Systems in Curved Root Canals
Authors: Dantas Wania Christina Figueiredo , Marceliano-Alves Marilia Fagury Videira , Marceliano Eduardo Fagury Videira , Marques Eduardo Fernandes , de Carvalho Coutinho Thais Machado , Alves Flavio R.F. , Martin Alexandre Sigrist De , Pelegrine Rina Andrea , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: October 2022

Objective This study compared the shaping ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper rotary file systems in curved mesial canals of mandibular molars using micro-computed tomography.

Material and Methods Seventeen mesial roots of extracted first mandibular molars with two independent mesial canals were scanned before and after root canal preparation with the tested rotatory file systems. Each mesial canal from the same specimen was prepared with one of the two systems. The parameters analyzed were canal centering (transportation) for the cervical, middle, and apical segments, as well as for the entire canal (0–10 mm from the apex); and canal volume increase, canal surface area increase, and unprepared canal walls for two segments, 0 to 4 mm and 0 to 10 mm from the apex.

Results There was no significant difference between both systems regarding canal centering (transportation), volume increase, and unprepared canal walls for the 0 to 10 mm segment (p> 0.05); however, a significant difference was observed for the 0 to 4 mm segment (p <0.01), where the Hyflex CM left 28.46% of unprepared walls and XP-endo Shaper left 13.26%.

Conclusions The shaping ability of the two tested rotatory file systems in mesial roots of first mandibular molars was similar for all parameters in all the segments evaluated, except for the 0 to 4 mm segment, where XP-endo Shaper left a smaller area of unprepared canal walls than Hyflex CM.
Analysis of Saliva Composition: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, Total Protein, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in Rattus norvegicus with Stunted Growth
Authors: Tedjosasongko Udijanto , Nelwan Sindy Cornelia , Wahluyo Soegeng , Puteri Mega Moeharyono , Dewi Ardianti Maartrina , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Ardiwirastuti Ilvana , Ayuningtyas Puspita , Pramudita Regina Ayu , Marwah Aisyah
Published: October 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine total protein, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in the saliva of rats with stunted growth.

Materials and Methods Experimental laboratory research with a pre-and posttest control group design was conducted. Seventeen albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into the control group (eight rats) and the treatment group (nine rats). Rats in the treatment group were exposed to aflatoxin B1 5µg/kg orally for 5 weeks. Anthropometry data (body length, body weight) and saliva of R. norvegicus were collected. The levels of PTHrP and sIgA in the saliva were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rats and the Bradford test for total protein and analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

Results Aflatoxin caused stunted growth in rats in the treatment group. There was a significant difference in body length, salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the treatment group compared with the control group. The average rat's body length change in the control group was 6.4 ± 1.1mm/5 weeks, while in the treatment group, the change was 3.7 ± 0.9 mm /5 weeks. There was no significant weight gain in the treatment group compared with the normal group. The average values of PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the control group were x̄0.9, x̄18, and x̄0.7 m./L, respectively, while in the treatment group, they measured x̄0.4, x̄10.7, and x̄0.5 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusion This study showed that salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein levels in the saliva were significantly lower in stunted rats compared with normal rats.
An Explainable Knowledge-Based System Using Subjective Preferences and Objective Data for Ranking Decision Alternatives
Authors: Ramisetty Kavya , Christopher Jabez , Panda Subhrakanta , Lazarus Baktha Singh , Dayalan Julie
Published: October 2022

Background Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction that occurs when the allergen reacts with the immune system. The prevalence and severity of the allergies are uprising in South Asian countries. Allergy often occurs in combinations which becomes difficult for physicians to diagnose.

Objectives This work aims to develop a decision-making model which aids physicians in diagnosing allergy comorbidities. The model intends to not only provide rational decisions, but also explainable knowledge about all alternatives.

Methods The allergy data gathered from real-time sources contain a smaller number of samples for comorbidities. Decision-making model applies three sampling strategies, namely, ideal, single, and complete, to balance the data. Bayes theorem-based probabilistic approaches are used to extract knowledge from the balanced data. Preference weights for attributes with respect to alternatives are gathered from a group of domain-experts affiliated to different allergy testing centers. The weights are combined with objective knowledge to assign confidence values to alternatives. The system provides these values along with explanations to aid decision-makers in choosing an optimal decision.

Results Metrics of explainability and user satisfaction are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in real-time diagnosis. Fleiss' Kappa statistic is 0.48, and hence the diagnosis of experts is said to be in moderate agreement. The decision-making model provides a maximum of 10 suitable and relevant pieces of evidence to explain a decision alternative. Clinicians have improved their diagnostic performance by 3% after using CDSS (77.93%) with a decrease in 20% of time taken.

Conclusion The performance of less-experienced clinicians has improved with the support of an explainable decision-making model. The code for the framework with all intermediate results is available at https://github.com/kavya6697/Allergy-PT.git.
Treatment of Inflammatory Dentigerous Cyst Using a Surgical T Drain in a Child
Authors: Lešin Antonella , Galić Ivan , Tadin Antonija , Vilović Katarina , Jerković Daniel
Published: October 2022

Dentigerous cysts are rarely reported in young children. They are usually asymptomatic and only identified when becoming significantly large. Treatment by enucleation may damage structures like the inferior alveolar nerve, maxillary sinus, or permanent teeth, thus reducing the child's quality of life. Therefore, conservative surgical treatment such as decompression is indicated. This case report describes the treatment and subsequent complete regression of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst based on the decompression method using a customized surgical tube in a 10-year-old girl. The innervation was preserved, and permanent teeth erupted.
Methylene Blue Penetration of Resin Infiltration and Resin Sealant in Artificial White-Spot Lesions
Authors: Klaisiri Awiruth , Vongsang Jarukit , leelaudom Thanach , Krajangta Nantawan
Published: October 2022

Objective This study determined the potency of resin infiltrations and resin sealant in impeding microleakage on artificial white-spot lesions (AWL) by methylene blue penetration.

Materials and Methods Eighty AWL specimens were randomly separated into two groups for water storage for 24 hours (groups 1–4) and 20,000 cycles of thermocycling (TC) (groups 5–8). Each group was then separated into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the AWL surface treatments: (1) no Tx, (2) treated with resin infiltration (ICON, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), (3) treated with resin infiltration (Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) barrier coat, SHOFU, Kyoto, Japan), (4) treated with resin sealant (Clinpro sealant, 3M ESPE, Minnesota, United States). Nail varnish was covered to all samples, with the exception of a 4 × 4 mm2 patch on the buccal measurement region, which was subsequently submerged in a 2% methylene blue solution and cut into buccolingual sections. Stereomicroscope measurements were used to calculate methylene blue penetration scores.

Statistical Analysis The Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni post-hoc correction were performed to evaluate the data.

Results Application of resin infiltrants and resin sealant reduced microleakage in AWL by methylene penetration both before and after thermal cycling. In addition, group 6 (ICON + TC) and group 7 (S-PRG + TC) had a significantly different value from group 8 (sealant + TC).

Conclusion Both the resin infiltration approach and the resin sealant seem to help seal AWL and might perhaps offer long-term defense against microleakage in AWL caused by methylene blue penetration. The greatest sealing and defense for microleakage in AWL were demonstrated by the resin infiltrations.
Formation of microwave soliton combs under cyclotron resonance interaction of electron beam with counter-propagating waveguide mode
Authors: Zotova I. V. , Zaslavsky V. Y. , Ginzburg N. S. , Sergeev A. S. , Zheleznov I. V. , Samsonov S. V. , Yurovskiy L. A.
Published: October 2022

We theoretically study the formation of periodical trains of microwave self-induced-transparency solitons (M\W-SIT soliton combs), which arise under cyclotron resonant interaction of an initially rectilinear electron beam with a steady-state electromagnetic wave counter-propagating in a cylindrical waveguide. Depending on the contained energy, solitons can either propagate toward the electron beam (i.e., in the direction of the unperturbed group velocity) or be entrained by the beam in the direction of its translational motion. As a result, a kind of feedback arises, leading to the appearance of soliton combs emitted from both the left and right boundaries of the system. This process can be described by the non-stationary self-consistent model, which is based on the parabolic equation for the field evolution taking into account the waveguide dispersion. Within the framework of the developed model, it is shown that waveguide dispersion does not prevent the formation of ultrashort solitons with duration of about several dozens wave periods. Moreover, the peak power of the entrained solitons can anomalously increase as the frequency of the incident wave approaches the cutoff frequency of the operating mode.
Scattered-light uniformity imager for diagnosing laser absorption asymmetries on OMEGA
Authors: Edgell D. H. , Katz J. , Raimondi R. , Turnbull D. , Froula D. H.
Published: October 2022

Light scattered from a target is the most-direct measurement for diagnosing laser absorption in a direct-drive implosion. Observations from OMEGA implosions show much larger scattered-light asymmetries than predictions. A new instrument has been developed to absolutely measure the scattered-light intensity and nonuniformity for the purpose of diagnosing the asymmetry. The scattered-light uniformity imager (SLUI) diagnostic records the variation in scattered-light intensity over a transmission diffuser using a charge-coupled device (CCD)/lens assembly. At the standard operating position, an 11.3° (f/2.5) cone of light is collected. A stray light baffle, debris shield, and antireflection absorbing filter are also incorporated into the diagnostic payload inserted into the target chamber. The imaging parts of the diagnostic (light baffle, vacuum window, filters, lens, and CCD camera) are located outside the target chamber. Five SLUIs have been built and deployed in OMEGA’s ten-inch manipulator diagnostic ports, covering almost 5% of the emission surface, enabling an absolute scattered-light measurement should be within a few percent of the global average. Each SLUI system is calibrated offline, providing absolute scattered-light intensity measurements. Based on the measured point spread function, each diffuser plate image contains over 20 000 independent scattered-light absolute-intensity measurements of the variation over the collection cone. SLUI provides a platform to study scattered light and absorption asymmetries, and their possible sources.
Aharonov–Bohm-like effects and Fano resonances in circular DNA molecular junctions
Authors: Hu Pei-Jia , Fang Tie-Feng , Guo Ai-Min , Sun Qing-Feng
Published: October 2022

DNA electronics has reattracted great interest in recent years and showed a number of fascinating phenomena. Here, we present a theoretical study of electron transport through a two-terminal circular DNA junction under a perpendicular magnetic field. Our results indicate that this circular DNA exhibits Aharonov–Bohm-like effects and a semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor transition by tuning this magnetic field, with the transmission spectrum nearly oscillating periodically. Interestingly, Fano resonances appear around integer multiples of the magnetic flux quantum accompanied by several vortices of local currents. Moreover, the circular DNA behaves as a nanoscale switch, and this switching effect is robust and could be improved for longer molecular length and weaker molecule–electrode coupling, with the on/off ratio exceeding 104 for long circular DNA. These results may help for designing novel circular DNA-based molecular devices.
Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in a pre-/main-chamber combustion system
Authors: Lai S. , Xu C. , Davy M. , Fang X.
Published: October 2022

Numerical simulations are performed to study the mechanism of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) in a pre-/main-chamber combustion system with a stoichiometric ethylene–oxygen mixture. A Godunov algorithm, fifth-order in space, and third-order in time, is used to solve the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations on a dynamically adapting mesh. A single-step, calibrated chemical diffusive model described by Arrhenius kinetics is used for energy release and conservation between the fuel and the product. The two-dimensional simulation shows that a laminar flame grows in the pre-chamber and then develops into a jet flame as it passes through the orifice. A strong shock forms immediately ahead of the flame, reflecting off the walls and interacting with the flame front. The shock–flame interactions are crucial for the development of flame instabilities, which trigger the subsequent flame development. The DDT arises due to a shock-focusing mechanism, where multiple shocks collide at the flame front. A chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) criterion is developed to study the DDT ignition mode. Preliminary one-dimensional computations for a laminar propagating flame, a fast flame deflagration, and a Chapman–Jouguet detonation are conducted to demonstrate the validity of CEMA on the chemical-diffusive model, as well as to determine the proper conditioning value for CEMA diagnostic. The two-dimensional analysis with CEMA indicates that the DDT initiated by the shock-focusing mechanism can form a strong thermal expansion region at the flame front that features large positive eigenvalues for the chemical explosive mode and dominance of the local autoignition mode. Thus, the CEMA criterion proposed in this study provides a robust diagnostic for identifying autoignition-supported DDT, of which the emergence of excessive local autoignition mode is found to be a precursor. The effect of grid size, initial temperature, and orifice size are then evaluated, and results show that although the close-chamber DDT is highly stochastic, the detonation initiation mechanism remains robust.
SQUID-based interferometric accelerometer
Authors: Khomchenko Ilia , Navez Patrick , Ouerdane Henni
Published: October 2022

Optics and, more recently, coherent matter waves enabled inertial sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, to reach high levels of resolution and sensitivity. As these technologies rest on physical phenomena that require particular setups and working conditions, e.g., kilometers of optical fibers or ultralow temperatures, their application range is limited because of lack of portability. Here, we propose a path forward considering a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to detect and measure acceleration by using electronic interferometry. The basic idea is not to use a SQUID as a magnetometer in acceleration measurement setups, but as an accelerometer. The operation of such an accelerometer rests on the ability of the Cooper pairs to record their wave function phase change, as the device is subjected either to a transverse acceleration or vibrations. We provide numerical evidence for the feasibility of SQUID-based accelerometers that can be used for transverse acceleration and oscillatory motion measurement.
Sharp turns and gyrotaxis modulate surface accumulation of microorganisms
Authors: Zeng Li , Jiang Weiquan , Pedley Timothy J.
Published: October 2022

The accumulation of swimming microorganisms at surfaces is an essential feature of various physical, chemical, and biological processes in confined spaces. To date, this accumulation is mainly assumed to depend on the change of swimming speed and angular velocity caused by cell-wall contact and hydrodynamic interaction. Here, we measured the swimming trajectories of
Heterosigma akashiwo
(a biflagellate marine alga) near vertical and horizontal rigid boundaries. We observed that the probability of sharp turns is greatly increased near a vertical wall, resulting in significant changes in the distributions of average swimming speed, angular velocity, and rotational diffusivity near the wall (a quantity that has not previously been investigated) as functions of both distance from the wall and swimming orientation. These cannot be satisfactorily explained by standard hydrodynamic models. Detailed examination of an individual cell trajectory shows that wall contact by the leading flagellum triggers complex changes in the behavior of both flagella that cannot be incorporated in a mechanistic model. Our individual-based model for predicting cell concentration using the measured distributions of swimming speed, angular velocity, and rotational diffusivity agrees well with the experiment. The experiments and model are repeated for a cell suspension in a vertical plane, bounded above by a horizontal wall. The cell accumulation beneath the wall, expected from gyrotaxis, is considerably amplified by cell-wall interaction. These findings may shed light on the prediction and control of cell distribution mediated by gyrotaxis and cell-wall contact.
An infinity of black holes
Authors: Horowitz Gary T , Wang Diandian , Ye Xiaohua
Published: October 2022

In general relativity (without matter), there is typically a one parameter family of static, maximally symmetric black hole solutions labeled by their mass. We show that there are situations with many more black holes. We study asymptotically anti-de Sitter solutions in six and seven dimensions having a conformal boundary which is a product of spheres cross time. We show that the number of families of static, maximally symmetric black holes depends on the ratio, λ, of the radii of the boundary spheres. As λ approaches a critical value, λ

c
, the number of such families becomes infinite. In each family, we can take the size of the black hole to zero, obtaining an infinite number of static, maximally symmetric non-black hole solutions. We discuss several applications of these results, including Hawking–Page phase transitions and the phase diagram of dual field theories on a product of spheres, new positive energy conjectures, and more.
Assessment of the suitability of the chemical reaction pathway algorithm as a reduction method for plasma chemistry
Authors: Tadayon Mousavi S , Gulpen J G M , Graef W A A D , Koelman P M J , Carbone E A D , van Dijk J
Published: October 2022

Determination of chemical pathways, sets of interlinked reactions, is a well-known method to study complex chemistries. In order to have a trustworthy and accurate method for analysis of chemical processes in complicated systems such as low-temperature plasmas, a used algorithm should keep conservation of necessary parameters during all steps of an analysis. In this research, the introduced algorithm by Lehmann (2004 J. Atmos. Chem.
47 45–78) is chosen as a candidate for studying tangled low-temperature plasma chemistry. As a first step, the ability of the algorithm to keep conservation of reactions rates and net production of species is assessed by designing some artificial examples. In that stage, ambiguous parts of the algorithm are clarified, and test cases are provided to verify implementation of the algorithm in any programming infrastructure. Then, the capability of the algorithm as a reduction method is investigated by applying a newly developed semi-automated method based on pathway analysis to two plasma chemistry examples, a

H
2

O

–

H
e

microwave induced plasma and a pulsed

H
2

plasma.
Convolutional neural network method for damage detection of CFRP in electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Fan Wenru , Qiao Lin
Published: October 2022

Damage detection is vitally important for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. When CFRP laminates are damaged, its impedance property is changed. Based on the electrical properties of CFRP laminates, the changed conductivity distribution can be reconstructed with the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method. The detection method is attractive due to its simple equipment, low cost, and easy operation. However, image reconstruction of EIT faces a serious ill-conditioned nonlinear inverse problem. In order to solve this problem, a feature fusion convolutional neural network based on the dense connection (FF-D) method is applied in EIT to establish the mapping relationship between voltage measurement and conductivity distribution in this paper. The optimization can extract and utilize features to a greater degree and improve reconstruction accuracy and robustness. For the purpose of simulating the electrical properties of CFRP better, the conductivity values measured by an impedance analyzer are used as the data set. The correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) are used as indicators to evaluate the quality of image reconstruction. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the FF-D method can reconstruct images better than typical algorithms based on deep learning and conventional algorithms of EIT.
Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the performance of homojunction amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors
Authors: Li Zhi-Yue , Song Shu-Mei , Wang Wan-Xia , Gong Jian-Hong , Tong Yang , Dai Ming-Jiang , Lin Song-Sheng , Yang Tian-Lin , Sun Hui
Published: October 2022

In this study, the homojunction thin-film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) as active channel layers and source/drain electrodes were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the phase, microstructure, optical and electrical properties of IGZO thin films was investigated. The results showed that amorphous IGZO thin films always exhibit a high transmittance above 90% and wide band gaps of around 3.9 eV. The resistivity increases as the IGZO thin films are deposited at a higher oxygen partial pressure due to the depletion of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the electrical behaviors in homojunction IGZO TFTs were analyzed. When the active channel layers were deposited with an oxygen partial pressure of 1.96%, the homojunction IGZO TFTs exhibited optimal transfer and output characteristics with a field-effect mobility of 13.68 cm2 V−1 s−1. Its sub-threshold swing, threshold voltage and on/off ratio are 0.6 V/decade, 0.61 V and 107, respectively.
Study of magnetoelectrodeposition of lanthanum (III) chloride heptahydrate leached with sulfuric acid
Authors: Cahyanegoro A. G. , Sudibyo  , Badaruddin M. , Sugiyanto  , Nurjaman Fajar , Supriyatna Yayat Iman , Prasetyo Erik
Published: October 2022

A rare-earth element (REE) is one of the minerals with many resources in Indonesia and lanthanum is one of REE. Lanthanum is widely used as a material for x-ray screens, glass lenses, optical fiber, capacitor batteries, and ceramics. Electrodeposition is a metal deposition process. The advantages of electrodeposition are easy and inexpensive. The method is simple since it can be done at room temperature, and it is inexpensive because it only requires basic equipment. However, there is a drawback to conventional electrodeposition: the roughness of the resultant layer (non-uniform crystal growth). Magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) is a solution for solving this problem. We employed the MED method in this study, which is the electrodeposition procedure under the influence of a magnetic field, and there has been no previous research on lanthanum MED. The electrode area, magnetic field strength, electroactive concentration, diffusion coefficient, and kinematic electrolyte viscosity were variables used in this study. The lanthanum MED in this study used 98% lanthanum (III) chloride heptahydrate (LaCl3.7H2O) for analysis from Merck, which was leached at a particular concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), using platinum electrodes in three electrochemical cells, and varying the magnetic field strength from 0 to 0.08 Tesla. The results showed that the stronger the magnetic field, the greater the limiting current for lanthanum electrodeposition. The effect of electrode area and electroactive concentration also gives rise to the limiting current. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the solution and the diffusion coefficient will cause a reduction in limiting the current value.
Tree2GD: a phylogenomic method to detect large-scale gene duplication events
Authors: Chen Duoyuan , Zhang Taikui , Chen Yamao , Ma Hong , Qi Ji
Published: October 2022

Motivation

Whole-genome duplication events have long been discovered throughout the evolution of eukaryotes, contributing to genome complexity and biodiversity and leaving traces in the descending organisms. Therefore, an accurate and rapid phylogenomic method is needed to identify the retained duplicated genes on various lineages across the target taxonomy.

Results

Here, we present Tree2GD, an integrated method to identify large-scale gene duplication events by automatically perform multiple procedures, including sequence alignment, recognition of homolog, gene tree/species tree reconciliation, Ks distribution of gene duplicates and synteny analyses. Application of Tree2GD on 2 datasets, 12 metazoan genomes and 68 angiosperms, successfully identifies all reported whole-genome duplication events exhibited by these species, showing effectiveness and efficiency of Tree2GD on phylogenomic analyses of large-scale gene duplications.

Availability and implementation

Tree2GD is written in Python and C++ and is available at https://github.com/Dee-chen/Tree2gd

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
At the center of its world, the U.S. empire forgets itself: Squid Game and the Hollywood press’ melodramatic gaze
Authors: Ra Raymond Kyooyung
Published: October 2022

This article calls attention to a novel form of Orientalist gaze that I call “melodramatic,” characterized by the looking subject’s excessive desire to identify with the looked-at object and to depict itself as the virtuous victim-hero. Analyzing U.S. journalistic commentaries on Squid Game that prescribe Americentric reception of the foreign media text, I argue that the U.S. empire’s melodramatic “main character syndrome” manifests as not only affect but also an imperialist mode of story-telling that assuages its historical guilt and accountability.
Genomic selection for resistance to mammalian bark stripping and associated chemical compounds in radiata pine
Authors: Nantongo Judith S , Potts Brad M , Klápště Jaroslav , Graham Natalie J , Dungey Heidi S , Fitzgerald Hugh , O'Reilly-Wapstra Julianne M
Published: October 2022

The integration of genomic data into genetic evaluations can facilitate the rapid selection of superior genotypes and accelerate the breeding cycle in trees. In this study, 390 trees from 74 control-pollinated families were genotyped using a 36K Axiom SNP array. A total of 15,624 high-quality SNPs were used to develop genomic prediction models for mammalian bark stripping, tree height, and selected primary and secondary chemical compounds in the bark. Genetic parameters from different genomic prediction methods—single-trait best linear unbiased prediction based on a marker-based relationship matrix (genomic best linear unbiased prediction), multitrait single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction, which integrated the marker-based and pedigree-based relationship matrices (single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction) and the single-trait generalized ridge regression—were compared to equivalent single- or multitrait pedigree-based approaches (ABLUP). The influence of the statistical distribution of data on the genetic parameters was assessed. Results indicated that the heritability estimates were increased nearly 2-fold with genomic models compared to the equivalent pedigree-based models. Predictive accuracy of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction was higher than the ABLUP for most traits. Allowing for heterogeneity in marker effects through the use of generalized ridge regression did not markedly improve predictive ability over genomic best linear unbiased prediction, arguing that most of the chemical traits are modulated by many genes with small effects. Overall, the traits with low pedigree-based heritability benefited more from genomic models compared to the traits with high pedigree-based heritability. There was no evidence that data skewness or the presence of outliers affected the genomic or pedigree-based genetic estimates.
A TRiP RNAi screen to identify molecules necessary for Drosophila photoreceptor differentiation
Authors: Rylee Johnathan , Mahato Simpla , Aldrich John , Bergh Emma , Sizemore Brandon , Feder Lauren E , Grega Shaun , Helms Kennedy , Maar Megan , Britt Steven G , Zelhof Andrew C
Published: October 2022

Drosophila rhabdomeric terminal photoreceptor differentiation is an extended process taking several days to complete. Following ommatidial patterning by the morphogenetic furrow, photoreceptors are sequentially recruited and specified, and terminal differentiation begins. Key events of terminal differentiation include the establishment of apical and basolateral domains, rhabdomere and stalk formation, inter-rhabdomeral space formation, and expression of phototransduction machinery. While many key regulators of these processes have been identified, the complete network of transcription factors to downstream effector molecules necessary for regulating each of these major events remains incomplete. Here, we report an RNAi screen to identify additional molecules and cellular pathways required for photoreceptor terminal differentiation. First, we tested several eye-specific GAL4 drivers for correct spatial and temporal specificity and identified Pph13-GAL4 as the most appropriate GAL4 line for our screen. We screened lines available through the Transgenic RNAi Project and isolated lines that when combined with Pph13-GAL4 resulted in the loss of the deep pseudopupil, as a readout for abnormal differentiation. In the end, we screened 6,189 lines, representing 3,971 genes, and have identified 64 genes, illuminating potential new regulatory molecules and cellular pathways for the differentiation and organization of Drosophila rhabdomeric photoreceptors.
Waveform inversion of large data sets for radially anisotropic Earth structure
Authors: Witek M , Lee S-M , Chang S-J , van der Lee S
Published: October 2022

The amount of high-quality seismic data is expanding rapidly, and there is a need for algorithms that take advantage of classical methods to achieve high efficiency using widely available computing power. In this study, we develop a novel waveform inversion method to retrieve radially anisotropic Earth models that can be used to investigate deformation and flow in the mantle. Our method is comprised of two parts: (1) extraction and fitting of the fundamental mode and (2) fitting of the full synthetic waveform. The waveform inversion method results in path average model constraints with uniquely determined independent uncertainties. We demonstrate through synthetic testing that the method is able to retrieve radially anisotropic perturbations down to the mantle transition zone, and leakage effects due to ignoring P-wave anisotropy are minimal. We apply the method to ∼16 000 waveforms generated by earthquakes occurring in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) region, and we demonstrate that the subsequent linear inversion of radially anisotropic path constraints produces models that are similar to those resulting from full waveform adjoint tomography methods. We validate our model by predicting waveforms for earthquakes not included in our inversion, and we show that our method is able to extract structural information. Our results indicate low-velocity anomalies and weak radial anisotropy in NE Japan, which may be due to competing influences from ascending fluids and/or melts and horizontal flow in the lower crust and upper mantle. In the southern East Sea, we image low velocities and relatively high radial anisotropy, which may reflect high temperatures, shallow dehydration and olivine LPO in the upper mantle.
Protein kinase CK2 modulates the activity of Maf-family bZIP transcription factor NRL in rod photoreceptors of mammalian retina
Authors: Liang Xulong , Yadav Sharda P , Batz Zachary A , Nellissery Jacob , Swaroop Anand
Published: October 2022

Maf-family basic motif leucine zipper protein NRL specifies rod photoreceptor cell fate during retinal development and, in concert with homeodomain protein CRX and other regulatory factors, controls the expression of most rod-expressed genes including the visual pigment gene Rhodopsin (Rho). Transcriptional regulatory activity of NRL is modulated by post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, and mutations at specific phosphosites can lead to retinal degeneration. During our studies to elucidate NRL-mediated transcriptional regulation, we identified protein kinase CK2 in NRL-enriched complexes bound to Rho promoter-enhancer regions and in NRL-enriched high molecular mass fractions from the bovine retina. The presence of CK2 in NRL complexes was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation from developing and adult mouse retinal extracts. In vitro kinase assay and bioinformatic analysis indicated phosphorylation of NRL at Ser117 residue by CK2. Co-transfection of Csnk2a1 cDNA encoding murine CK2 with human NRL and CRX reduced the bovine Rho promoter-driven luciferase expression in HEK293 cells and mutagenesis of NRL-Ser117 residue to Ala restored the reporter gene activity. In concordance, overexpression of CK2 in the mouse retina in vivo by electroporation resulted in reduction of Rho promoter-driven DsRed reporter expression as well as the transcript level of many phototransduction genes. Thus, our studies demonstrate that CK2 can phosphorylate Ser117 of NRL. Modulation of NRL activity by CK2 suggests intricate interdependence of transcriptional and signaling pathways in maintaining rod homeostasis.
Targeted approaches to improve tomato fruit taste
Authors: Wang Shouchuang , Qiang Qi , Xiang Lijun , Fernie Alisdair R , Yang Jun
Published: October 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the most valuable fruit and horticultural crop species worldwide. Compared with the fruits of their progenitors, those of modern tomato cultivars are, however, often described as having unsatisfactory taste or lacking flavor. The flavor of a tomato fruit arises from a complex mix of tastes and volatile metabolites, including sugars, acids, amino acids, and various volatiles. However, considerable differences in fruit flavor occur among tomato varieties, resulting in mixed consumer experiences. While tomato breeding has traditionally been driven by the desire for continual increases in yield and the introduction of traits that provide a long shelf-life, consumers are prepared to pay a reasonable premium for taste. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize preferences of tomato flavor and to define its underlying genetic basis. Here, we review recent conceptual and technological advances that have rendered this more feasible, including multi-omics-based QTL and association analyses, along with the use of trained testing panels, and machine learning approaches. This review proposes how the comprehensive datasets compiled to date could allow a precise rational design of tomato germplasm resources with improved organoleptic quality for the future.