bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma história entre duas erudições: reflexões sobre a metodologia histórica atual, em França
Authors: Passos Maria Lúcia Perrone de Faro
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

Foi este o tema da conferência ( *) realizada pelo Professor Jean Glénisson, no dia 28 de maio de 1976, a convite do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. O Professor Glénisson dirige o Jnstitut de Recherche et Histoire des Textes, em Paris, e é Diretor de Estudos da École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (antiga 611 Secção da École Pratique des Hautes Etudes). De passagem por São Paulo, tivemos a satisfação de ouvi-lo, após vários anos: Professor da Faculdade de Filosofia, em 1958 e 1959, é esta a segunda vez que volta ao Brasil.
resenha do livro: Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil e Portugal 1750-1808
Authors: Iglesias Francisco
Published: April 2024

Resenha do livro: Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil & Portugal 1750-1808. Cambridge: At the University Pres, 1973, 289p.
Xerafins, tangas e bazarucos: a moeda no Estado da Índia nos séculos XVI e XVII
Authors: Puntoni Pedro
Published: April 2024

The conquest of Goa and the formation of the State of India were accompanied by the establishment of a particular monetary zone, differentiated from the regime of the currency of Portugal and based on the translation and use of local species that had extrinsic value endorsed by the delegated powers. The Portuguese thus overlapped and used an ancient Indian monetary tradition. In addition to the creation of Mints and monetary workshops that coined pieces of gold, silver and copper, with values referenced to the Portuguese monetary standard (the real), the functioning of this monetary zone also depended on the activity of the xaraffo (from the Arabic ṣ the ) or sarrafo (in the Portuguese version), as these moneychangers were called, specialists in the testing and exchange of coins, who were found in all fairs and markets. In this text, in addition to understanding the formation of this specific zone of the monetary system of the Portuguese Empire, we want to highlight the role played by these intermediaries of the currency (sarrafos).
Novelties in Randia L. (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae) from Brazil
Authors: BORGES RODRIGO LOPES , ROQUE NÁDIA , JARDIM JOMAR GOMES , SALAS ROBERTO MANUEL
Published: April 2024

Here we publish two novelties in Randia, a description of a new species (R. muricata) and the establishment of R. sulbahiana as a new name for Sphinctanthus insignis. Randia muricata is distinguished by a set of features, such as its muricate fruits, and the discolor venation on abaxial surface of the leaf blades, puberulent. The muricate fruits is an uncommon feature among species in this genus. R. sulbahiana is characterized by the facultative presence of thorns, linear or filiform calyx lobes, and the acute apex of corolla lobes. We provide descriptions, illustrations, figures, an assessment of conservation status, and distribution map of both species. A dichotomous key to distinguish Brazilian’s species of Randia is also provided.
Stellaria mcclintockiae (Caryophyllaceae) a new species from Kerala, India
Authors: ARYA SINDHU , KUMAR VENUGOPALAN NAIR SARADAMMA ANIL , SOJAN JOSE , PHILIP ALEN ALEX , SURESH VEERANKUTTY
Published: April 2024

A new species of Stellaria from the Nelliyampathy hills of Palakkad district (Kerala, SW-India) is described and illustrated. The new species can be considered as part of the S. media group but differs from the various species with respect to bracts, sepals, petals, pollen morphology and seed surface architecture. Molecular analyses (ITS) confirmed the validity of the new taxon.
Isodon maoershanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guangxi, South China
Authors: LI JIAN-LING , TANG ZHONG-XIANG , HE QIU-LAN , WANG SHAO-NENG , LIANG SHENG-HUA , JIANG RI-HONG
Published: April 2024

Isodon maoershanensis, a new species of Lamiaceae, is described here. The new species is morphologically closest to I. henryi and I. magathyrsus, because of some similar characteristics: leaf blade is hard papery and hairy on both sides, terminal panicle is composed of cymes, style and ovary are hidden in the lower lip of the boat-shaped corolla, filaments below the middle are pubescent, but the new species clearly differs from the latter two, by following characters: the leaf is densely covered with short stiff hairs and scattered glandular points above, with dense red glandular points and sparse stiff hairs along veins below, and the peduncle, pedicel, calyx and corolla are also covered with short stiff hairs and glandular points, at the same time the calyx and corolla are also covered with white long hairs with nodes, calyx lobes split to 1/2 or less.
Mechanical and Physiochemical Characteristics of Sandcrete Blocks Produced with Sustainable Biomaterials
Authors: Owamah H. I. , Uguru H. , Umukoro L. O. , Akpokodje O. I. , Helal Mahmoud , Sami Rokayya , Alshehry Garsa , Algarni Eman , Abdelhai Nada , Abushal Suzan A. , Aljuraide N.I.
Published: April 2024

The quest for sustainable construction materials is rapidly increasing; due to health hazards associated the traditional construction items. This research goal is to investigate how sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), crushed periwinkle shells (CPS) and cassava starch (CS) incursion affects
the engineering performance of sandcrete blocks, and the physiochemical qualities of their leachate. SBA was incorporated at a rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20% as substitution for cement; treated CPS (TCPS) and untreated CPS (UCPS) were add at a rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25% as partial replacement for
sand; while 1% CS was added as integrity enhancer. A consistent cement–sand mix ratio of 1:8 and corresponding water–cement (w/c) ratio of 0.55 were employed across all 17 experimental units; and the blocks were cured using the irrigation technique. Likewise, the blocks were subjected
to leaching condition (immersion in water) to collect their leachate. Chemical compositions of the SBA, sand, cement, CS and TCPS and UCPS were examined using the x–ray fluorescent technique, while the mechanical and physiochemical parameters of the blocks were studied in harmony with
the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The results obtained revealed that the mechanical and physiochemical qualities of the blocks were dependent on the volume of the bio–materials incorporated into the sandcrete. Furthermore, the findings showed that an environmentally
friendly high–strength lightweight sandcrete blocks, meeting international requirement of 3.45 N/mm2 can be produced by incorporating 10% SBA, 15% TCPS and 1% CS into the sandcrete block. The research highlights the possibility of using agricultural waste materials in achieving
sustainable materials for the housing industry.
Tribological behaviour of Fe-based amorphous coating at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Zhai Haimin , Bian Yu , Li Wensheng , Cui Shuai , Viktor Zhornik , Seniuts Uladzimir
Published: April 2024

Fe-based amorphous coatings (AMCs) were deposited using detonation spraying technology to investigate its performance in high-temperature wear conditions. The results indicate that the detonation-sprayed Fe-based AMC possesses a dense structure, low porosity, high amorphous phase content. At 300 °C, the coating has a maximum wear rate of 6.53 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1, which is almost three times that at room temperature. The main wear mechanisms are oxidative wear, accompanied by fatigue stripping wear and adhesive wear. At 500 °C, the wear scar surface demonstrates increased toughness, resisting plastic deformation due to high-temperature softening. Additionally, partial crystallisation occurs, leading to an overall increase in the hardness of coating. Combined, these factors reduce the wear rate of the coating.
Assembly deviation analysis of satellite flexible parts integrating rigid and flexible properties: Modeling and experiment
Authors: Sun Guanyu , Qi Zhenchao , Tian Wei , Liao Wenhe , Xu Yanxin
Published: April 2024

With the advancement of space technology, satellites are assuming an increasingly pivotal role in various fields. Currently, satellite structures incorporate a growing number of thin-walled parts. During the assembly process, the movement and connection of these parts are prone to generating assembly deviations, which seriously affects the overall assembly quality of the satellites. In order to accurately predict assembly deviations before assembly, this paper introduced an assembly deviation analysis model which took rigid and flexible properties into account. Starting from the attitude adjustment of satellite assembly, the transmission law of manufacturing error was established. Then, the assembly deviation analysis model integrating rigid and flexible properties was established. Finally, the assembly experiment was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results showed that the average absolute error between the measurement results and calculation results was only 0.032 mm and the maximum absolute error was 0.074 mm. The average solving accuracy of the assembly deviation was 94%. The result fully proved the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Microbiome and mitogenomics of the chigger mite Pentidionis agamae: potential role as an Orientia vector and associations with divergent clades of Wolbachia and Borrelia
Authors: Alkathiry Hadil A. , Alghamdi Samia Q. , Sinha Amit , Margos Gabriele , Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Darby Alistair C. , Makepeace Benjamin L. , Khoo Jing Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Trombiculid mites are globally distributed, highly diverse arachnids that largely lack molecular resources such as whole mitogenomes for the elucidation of taxonomic relationships. Trombiculid larvae (chiggers) parasitise vertebrates and can transmit bacteria (Orientia spp.) responsible for scrub typhus, a zoonotic febrile illness. Orientia tsutsugamushi causes most cases of scrub typhus and is endemic to the Asia-Pacific Region, where it is transmitted by Leptotrombidium spp. chiggers. However, in Dubai, Candidatus Orientia chuto was isolated from a case of scrub typhus and is also known to circulate among rodents in Saudi Arabia and Kenya, although its vectors remain poorly defined. In addition to Orientia, chiggers are often infected with other potential pathogens or arthropod-specific endosymbionts, but their significance for trombiculid biology and public health is unclear.

Results

Ten chigger species were collected from rodents in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Chiggers were pooled according to species and screened for Orientia DNA by PCR. Two species (Microtrombicula muhaylensis and Pentidionis agamae) produced positive results for the htrA gene, although Ca. Orientia chuto DNA was confirmed by Sanger sequencing only in P. agamae. Metagenomic sequencing of three pools of P. agamae provided evidence for two other bacterial associates: a spirochaete and a Wolbachia symbiont. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and multi-locus sequence typing genes placed the spirochaete in a clade of micromammal-associated Borrelia spp. that are widely-distributed globally with no known vector. For the Wolbachia symbiont, a genome assembly was obtained that allowed phylogenetic localisation in a novel, divergent clade. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcodes for Saudi Arabian chiggers enabled comparisons with global chigger diversity, revealing several cases of discordance with classical taxonomy. Complete mitogenome assemblies were obtained for the three P. agamae pools and almost 50 SNPs were identified, despite a common geographic origin.

Conclusions

P. agamae was identified as a potential vector of Ca. Orientia chuto on the Arabian Peninsula. The detection of an unusual Borrelia sp. and a divergent Wolbachia symbiont in P. agamae indicated links with chigger microbiomes in other parts of the world, while COI barcoding and mitogenomic analyses greatly extended our understanding of inter- and intraspecific relationships in trombiculid mites.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of Pulsatilla species reveals evolutionary and taxonomic status of newly discovered endangered species Pulsatilla saxatilis
Authors: Xue Hefei , Xing Yanping , Bian Che , Hou Wenjuan , Men Wenxiao , Zheng Han , Yang Yanyun , Ying Xixiang , Kang Tingguo , Xu Liang
Published: April 2024

Background

Pulsatilla saxatilis, a new species of the genus Pulsatilla has been discovered. The morphological information of this species has been well described, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and comparison with species of the same genus remain to be reported.

Results

Our results showed that the total length of chloroplast (cp.) genome of P. saxatilis is 162,659 bp, with a GC content of 37.5%. The cp. genome contains 134 genes, including 90 known protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. P. saxatilis demonstrated similar characteristics to other species of genus Pulsatilla. Herein, we compared cp. genomes of 10 species, including P. saxatilis, and found that the cp. genomes of the genus Pulsatilla are extremely similar, with a length of 162,322–163,851 bp. Furthermore, The SSRs of Pulsatilla ranged from 10 to 22 bp in length. Among the four structural regions of the cp. genome, most long repeats and SSRs were detected in the LSC region, followed by that in the SSC region, and least in IRA/ IRB regions. The most common types of long repeats were forward and palindromic repeats, followed by reverse repeats, and only a few complementary repeats were found in 10 cp. genomes. We also analyzed nucleotide diversity and identified ccsA_ndhD, rps16_trnK-UUU, ccsA, and rbcL, which could be used as potential molecular markers for identification of Pulsatilla species. The results of the phylogenetic tree constructed by connecting the sequences of high variation regions were consistent with those of the cp. gene phylogenetic tree, and the species more closely related to P. saxatilis was identified as the P. campanella.

Conclusion

It was determined that the closest species to P. saxatilis is P. campanella, which is the same as the conclusion based on pollen grain characteristics, but different from the P. chinensis determined based on morphological characteristics. By revealing information on the chloroplast characteristics, development, and evolution of the cp. genome and the potential molecular markers, this study provides effective molecular data regarding the evolution, genetic diversity, and species identification of the genus Pulsatilla.
The sequential microbial breakdown of pectin is the principal incident during water retting of jute (Corchorus spp.) bast fibres
Authors: Datta Subhojit , Chattopadhyay Lipi , Barai Shrestha , Mandal Kunal , Kar Gouranga , Majumdar Bijan
Published: April 2024

The extraction of bast fibres such as jute from plant stems involves the removal of pectin, hemicellulose, and other noncellulosic materials through a complex microbial community. A consortium of pectinolytic bacterial strains has been developed and commercialized to reduce the retting time and enhance fibre quality. However, there are currently no studies on jute that describe the structural changes and sequential microbial colonization and pectin loss that occur during microbe-assisted water retting. This study investigated the stages of microbial colonization, microbial interactions, and sequential degradation of pectic substances from jute bark under controlled and conventional water retting. The primary occurrence during water retting of bast fibres is the bacterially induced sequential breakdown of pectin surrounding the fibre bundles. The study also revealed that the pectin content of the jute stem significantly decreases during the retting process. These findings provide a strong foundation for improving microbial strains for improved pectinolysis with immense industrial significance, leading to a sustainable jute-based “green” economy.
Application of propofol-remifentanil intravenous general anesthesia combined with regional block in pediatric ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Li Ming-Ying , Fei Yu-Da , Zhang Xiao-Xia , Chen Tian-Wen , Li Jie , Sun Xiao-Li , Wang Zhen-Yuan
Published: April 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to observe the anesthetic effect and safety of intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxant with propofol-remifentanil combined with regional block under laryngeal mask airway in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery.

Methods

A total of 90 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were anesthetized with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway without muscle relaxant. They were randomly divided into two groups: 45 children who received propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with regional block (LG group), and 45 children who received total intravenous anesthesia (G group). The peri-operative circulatory indicators, awakening time after general anesthesia, postoperative analgesic effect and the incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events were respectively compared between the two groups.

Results

All the children successfully underwent the surgical procedure. The awakening time after general anesthesia and removal time of laryngeal mask were significantly shorter in the LG group than in the G group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the heart rates in the perioperative period between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative physical response, respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and emergence agitation (EA) between the two groups (P > 0.05). The pain score at the postoperative hour 2 was lower in the LG group than in the G group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with long-acting local anesthetic regional block anesthesia, combined with laryngeal mask ventilation technology without muscle relaxants, can be safely used in pediatric eye surgery to achieve rapid and smooth recovery from general anesthesia and better postoperative analgesia. This anesthesia scheme can improve the comfort and safety of children in perioperative period, and has a certain clinical popularization value.
Which Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) instruments are currently used in Germany: a survey
Authors: Kudelka Jennifer , Ollenschläger Malte , Dodel Richard , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Hobert Markus A. , Jahn Klaus , Klucken Jochen , Labeit Bendix , Polidori M. Cristina , Prell Tino , Warnecke Tobias , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Maetzler Walter , Jacobs Andreas H. ,   for the DGG working group Neurology, Djukic Marija , Häussermann Ralf-Peter , Jauss Marek , Schütze Sandra , Werner Cornelius J.
Published: April 2024

Background

The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) records geriatric syndromes in a standardized manner, allowing individualized treatment tailored to the patient’s needs and resources. Its use has shown a beneficial effect on the functional outcome and survival of geriatric patients. A recently published German S1 guideline for level 2 CGA provides recommendations for the use of a broad variety of different assessment instruments for each geriatric syndrome. However, the actual use of assessment instruments in routine geriatric clinical practice and its consistency with the guideline and the current state of literature has not been investigated to date.

Methods

An online survey was developed by an expert group of geriatricians and sent to all licenced geriatricians (n = 569) within Germany. The survey included the following geriatric syndromes: motor function and self-help capability, cognition, depression, pain, dysphagia and nutrition, social status and comorbidity, pressure ulcers, language and speech, delirium, and frailty. Respondents were asked to report which geriatric assessment instruments are used to assess the respective syndromes.

Results

A total of 122 clinicians participated in the survey (response rate: 21%); after data cleaning, 76 data sets remained for analysis. All participants regularly used assessment instruments in the following categories: motor function, self-help capability, cognition, depression, and pain. The most frequently used instruments in these categories were the Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Barthel Index (BI), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Limited or heterogenous assessments are used in the following categories: delirium, frailty and social status.

Conclusions

Our results show that the assessment of motor function, self-help capability, cognition, depression, pain, and dysphagia and nutrition is consistent with the recommendations of the S1 guideline for level 2 CGA. Instruments recommended for more frequent use include the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the WHO-5 (depression). There is a particular need for standardized assessment of delirium, frailty and social status. The harmonization of assessment instruments throughout geriatric departments shall enable more effective treatment and prevention of age-related diseases and syndromes.
Conditional survival and annual hazard of death in older patients with esophageal cancer receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chang Xiao , Deng Wei , Yu Rong , Wang Weihu
Published: April 2024

Background

Definitive chemoradiotherapy is one of the primary treatment modalities for older patients with esophageal cancer (EC). However, the evolution of prognosis over time and the factors affected non-EC deaths remain inadequately studied. We examined the conditional survival and annual hazard of death in older patients with EC after chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

We collected data from patients aged 65 or older with EC registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database during 2000–2019. Conditional survival was defined as the probability of survival given a specific time survived. Annual hazard of death was defined the yearly event rate. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis identified the association of age at diagnosis with mortality.

Results

Among 3739 patients, the 3-year conditional overall survival increased annually by 7-10%. Non-EC causes accounted for 18.8% of deaths, predominantly due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The hazard of death decreased from 40 to 10% in the first 6 years and then gradually increased to 20% in the tenth year. Non-EC causes surpassed EC causes in hazard starting 5 years post-treatment. RCS indicated a consistent increase in death hazard with advancing age, following a linear relationship. The overall cohort was divided into two groups: 65–74 and ≥ 75 years old, with the ≥ 75-year-old group showing poorer survival and earlier onset of non-EC deaths (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.62, P < 0.001). Patients with early-stage disease (I-II) had higher risks of death from non-EC causes (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98, P = 0.035). Tumor histology had no significant impact on non-EC death risk (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.98–1.39, P = 0.081).

Conclusions

Survival probability increases with time for older patients with EC treated with chemoradiotherapy. Clinicians and patients should prioritize managing and preventing age-related comorbidities, especially in older cohorts and those with early-stage disease.
Utility of paired plasma and drainage fluid mNGS in diagnosing acute intra-abdominal infections with sepsis
Authors: Mao Jia-yu , Li Dong-kai , Zhang Dong , Yang Qi-wen , Long Yun , Cui Na
Published: April 2024

Background

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly applied in sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of mNGS of paired plasma and peritoneal drainage (PD) fluid samples in comparison to culture-based microbiological tests (CMTs) among critically ill patients with suspected acute intra-abdominal infections (IAIs).

Methods

We conducted a prospective study from October 2021 to December 2022 enrolling septic patients with suspected IAIs (n = 111). Pairwise CMTs and mNGS of plasma and PD fluid were sent for pathogen detection. The mNGS group underwent therapeutic regimen adjustment based on mNGS results for better treatment. The microbial community structure, clinical features, antibiotic use and prognoses of the patients were analyzed.

Results

Higher positivity rates were observed with mNGS versus CMTs for both PD fluid (90.0% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.005) and plasma (76.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.005). 90% of enrolled patients had clues of suspected pathogens combining mNGS and CMT methods. Gram-negative pathogens consist of most intra-abdominal pathogens, including a great variety of anaerobes represented by Bacteroides and Clostridium. Patients with matched plasma- and PD-mNGS results had higher mortality and sepsis severity. Reduced usage of carbapenem (30.0% vs. 49.4%, p < 0.05) and duration of anti-MRSA treatment (5.1 ± 3.3 vs. 7.0 ± 8.4 days, p < 0.05) was shown in the mNGS group in our study.

Conclusions

Pairwise plasma and PD fluid mNGS improves microbiological diagnosis compared to CMTs for acute IAI. Combining plasma and PD mNGS could predict poor prognosis. mNGS may enable optimize empirical antibiotic use.
Study protocol: exercise training for treating major depressive disorder in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Motl Robert W. , Bombardier Charles H. , Duffecy Jennifer , Hibner Brooks , Wathen Alison , Carrithers Michael , Cutter Gary
Published: April 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent, yet sub-optimally treated among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). We propose that exercise training may be a promising approach for treating depression in persons with MS who have MDD. Our primary hypothesis predicts a reduction in depression severity immediately after an exercise training intervention compared with minimal change in an attention control condition, and the reduction will be maintained during a follow-up period.

Methods

This study involves a parallel-group, assessor-blinded RCT that examines the effect of a 4-month home-based exercise training intervention on depression severity in a sample of persons with MS who have MDD based on the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The primary outcomes of depression severity are the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Participants (N = 146) will be recruited from within 200 miles of the University of Illinois at Chicago and randomized (1:1) into either a home-based exercise training condition or control condition with concealed allocation. The exercise training and social-contact, attention control (i.e., stretching) conditions will be delivered remotely over a 4-month period and supported through eight, 1:1 Zoom-based behavioral coaching sessions guided by social-cognitive theory and conducted by persons who are uninvolved in screening, recruitment, random assignment, and outcome assessment. We will collect outcome data at 0, 4 and 8 months using treatment-blinded assessors, and data analyses will involve intent-to-treat principles.

Discussion

If successful, the proposed study will provide the first Class I evidence supporting a home-based exercise training program for treating MDD in persons with MS. This is critical as exercise training would likely have positive secondary effects on symptoms, cognition, and quality of life, and provide a powerful, behavioral approach for managing the many negative outcomes of MDD in MS. The program in the proposed research is accessible and scalable for broad treatment of depression in MS, and provides the potential for integration in the clinical management of MS.

Trial registration

The trial was registered on September 10, 2021 at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05051618. The registration occurred before we initiated recruitment on June 2, 2023
Utility of bronchoscopically obtained frozen cytology pellets for next-generation sequencing
Authors: Mimura Chihiro , Takamiya Rei , Fujimoto Shodai , Fukui Takafumi , Yatani Atsuhiko , Yamada Jun , Takayasu Mizuki , Takata Naoya , Sato Hiroki , Fukuda Kiyoko , Furukawa Koichi , Hazama Daisuke , Katsurada Naoko , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Matsumoto Shingo , Goto Koichi , Tachihara Motoko
Published: April 2024

Background

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is essential for lung cancer treatment. It is important to collect sufficient tissue specimens, but sometimes we cannot obtain large enough samples for NGS analysis. We investigated the yield of NGS analysis by frozen cytology pellets using an Oncomine Comprehensive Assay or Oncomine Precision Assay.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy at Kobe University Hospital and were enrolled in the Lung Cancer Genomic Screening Project for Individualized Medicine. We investigated the amount of extracted DNA and RNA and determined the NGS success rates. We also compared the amount of DNA and RNA by bronchoscopy methods. To create the frozen cytology pellets, we first effectively collected the cells and then quickly centrifuged and cryopreserved them.

Results

A total of 132 patients were enrolled in this study between May 2016 and December 2022; of them, 75 were subjected to frozen cytology pellet examinations and 57 were subjected to frozen tissue examinations. The amount of DNA and RNA obtained by frozen cytology pellets was nearly equivalent to frozen tissues. Frozen cytology pellets collected by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration yielded significantly more DNA than those collected by transbronchial biopsy methods. (P < 0.01) In RNA content, cytology pellets were not inferior to frozen tissue. The success rate of NGS analysis with frozen cytology pellet specimens was comparable to the success rate of NGS analysis with frozen tissue specimens.

Conclusions

Our study showed that frozen cytology pellets may have equivalent diagnostic value to frozen tissue for NGS analyses. Bronchial cytology specimens are usually used only for cytology, but NGS analysis is possible if enough cells are collected to create pellet specimens. In particular, the frozen cytology pellets obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration yielded sufficient amounts of DNA.

Trial registration

This was registered with the University Medical Hospital Information Network in Japan (UMINCTR registration no. UMIN000052050).
Quantitative assessment of choroidal parameters and retinal thickness in central serous chorioretinopathy using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Bei , Yan Ming , Song Yan-Ping , Ye Ya , Huang Zhen
Published: April 2024

Objective

In this study, we used ultra-wide field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF SS-OCTA) to assess changes in retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal parameters in individuals who had received a diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods

The study encompassed the evaluation of 59 eyes from 47 patients with a diagnosis of CSC, alongside 33 fellow eyes and 31 eyes from healthy individuals (controls). The parameters assessed included RT, choroidal thickness (CT), choriocapillaris density, vascular density of the large choroidal vessel layer, three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI), choroidal vessel volume per unit area (mCVV/a), and choroidal stroma volume per unit area (mCSV/a).

Results

Metrics including mCVV/a, mCSV/a, 3D-CVI, CT, and RT exhibited significantly elevated values in the eyes affected by CSC compared to those of the control group across nine subfields. Moreover, a substantial number of the subfields in both CSC-affected and fellow eyes exhibited increased values for mCVV/a, mCSV/a, 3D-CVI, CT, and RT when compared with the control group. Additionally, acute and chronic CSC subfields demonstrated significantly elevated values for mCVV/a, mCSV/a, 3D-CVI, CT, and RT in comparison to healthy control eyes. Notably, specific subfields associated with complex and atypical forms of CSC revealed higher metrics compared to those of the control group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the UWF SS-OCTA proved to be a valuable tool for exploring the anatomical etiology and clinical classification and diagnosis of CSC.
Design of a bilingual (FR-UR) website on the sensitive topic of sexual and mental health with Urdu speakers in a Parisian suburb: a qualitative study
Authors: Jaroof Sabah , Cailhol Johann
Published: April 2024

Background

This article is a continuation of the Musafir study published in 2020. Following the results of this study, we designed an educational website with Urdu-speaking volunteers, using a participatory approach. This type of approach aimed at bringing out situated knowledge around taboo/sensitive topics such as sexual and mental health, by considering the cultural, religious, economic, family, and social background of young Urdu-speaking men. This approach allowed us to build culturally-appropriate content matching the needs of targeted population. We report here the lessons learned from our approach.

Methods

Urdu-speaking volunteers were recruited via outreach strategies, for participation in focus groups. Four focus group discussions were conducted on three distinct themes: 1/ Sexual Health Promotion, 2/Hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, and 3/ Mental Health. The focus groups were recorded, with the written consent of the users. Thematic analysis was conducted after transcription of the focus-group discussion.

Results

We succeeded in mobilizing 4 Pakistani users, aged between 19 and 30 years. The group dynamics was very rich and allowed us to highlight numerous social aspects related to the importance of the group belonging, the family, and others points of view on these topics. Many Urdu vocabulary had to be redefined and revealed the extent of the pre-existing taboo.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the extreme difficulty of mobilizing an invisible target population on a sensitive topic such as sexual and mental health, our experience highlights the need to consider the knowledge of the people concerned. The participative approach allowed us to fit the content of our medium to, for instance: the collectivist type of society of the target population; the level of literacy in their mother tongue; and to the embodiment of some taboo in their vocabulary. Although time and energy consuming, our approach seems relevant and could be replicated to other communities.
Inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference has been associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: analysis of NHANES 1999–2004
Authors: Shen Geng , Liu Zhihao , Wang Leyi , Li Jianping
Published: April 2024

Background

Inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference (ILSBPD) has emerged as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of ILSBPD on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population.

Methods

We combined three cycles (1999–2004) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Levels of ILSBPD were calculated and divided into four groups based on three cut-off values of 5, 10 and 15mmHg. Time-to-event curves were estimated with the use of the Kaplan-Meier method, and two multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with ILSBPD.

Results

A total of 6 842 subjects were included, with the mean (SD) age of 59.5 (12.8) years. By December 31, 2019, 2 544 and 648 participants were identified all-cause and cardiovascular mortality respectively during a median follow-up of 16.6 years. Time-to-event analyses suggested that higher ILSBPD was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (logrank, p < 0.001). Every 5mmHg increment of ILSBPD brings about 5% and 7% increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and individuals with an ILSBPD ≥ 15mmHg were significantly associated with higher incidence of all-cause mortality (HR 1.43, 95%CI 1.18–1.52, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.73, 95%CI 1.36–2.20, p < 0.001) when multiple confounding factors were adjusted. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis confirmed the relationship.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the increment of ILSBPD was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population.
Sex-related inequalities in crude and age-standardized suicide rates: trends in Ghana from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Adoboi Faustina , Mohammed Aliu , Duodu Precious Adade , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Wongnaah Florence Gyembuzie , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: April 2024

Background

Suicide represents a major public health concern, affecting a significant portion of individuals. However, there remains a gap in understanding the age and sex disparities in the occurrence of suicide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-related inequalities in suicide rates in Ghana from 2000 to 2019.

Methods

We utilized data from the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) online software. We analysed sex differences in both crude and age-standardized suicide rates in Ghana spanning from 2000 to 2019. Crude and age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) definition and coding of suicide mortality. We measured inequality in terms of sex. Two inequality indicators were used to examine the suicide rates: the difference (D) and the ratio (R).

Results

Age-standardized and crude suicide rates in Ghana were higher among men from 2000 to 2019. Between 2000 and 2007, the age-standardized suicide rate for women rose steadily and declined slightly between 2008 and 2019. Age-standardized suicide rates for men increased consistently from 2000 to 2010, then declined steadily from 2011 to 2019. The crude suicide rates among men and women followed similar patterns. The widest absolute inequality in crude suicide rates (D) was recorded in 2013 (D=-11.91), while the smallest difference was observed in 2000 (D=-7.16). We also found the greatest disparity in age-standardized rates in 2011 (D=-21.46) and the least in 2000 (D=-14.32). The crude suicide rates increased with age for both men and women aged 15–54 years and 55–85+ years respectively. However, the increased rate was higher in men than in women across all age groups surveyed. A similar pattern was observed for relative inequality in both crude and age-standardized rates of suicide.

Conclusion

The suicide rate in Ghana has declined over time. Suicide is more common among older men. Inequalities in suicide rates, in both absolute and relative terms, are similar. There is a need to monitor suicide trends in Ghana, especially among older men. Moreover, the findings could serve as a basis for future studies on suicide in Ghana.
Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models
Authors: Huang Huanhuan , Meng Fanchao , Qi Yanjie , Yan Xiuping , Qi Junhui , Wu Yuanzhen , Lin Yiwei , Chen Xu , He Fan
Published: April 2024

Background

The association of hypertension and depression with mortality has not been fully understood. We aimed to explore the possible independent or joint association of hypertension and depression with mortality. Their interaction effects on mortality and possible mediating role were also investigated.

Methods

Associations of hypertension, depression, and their interaction with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The mediation analysis was conducted with a Sobel test.

Results

A total of 35152 participants were included in the final analysis. Hypertension and depression were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. The co-existence of hypertension and depression resulted in a 1.7-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.1] increase in all-cause mortality and a 2.3-fold (95% CI: 1.4-3.7) increase in CVD mortality compared to those with neither of them. Hypertension and depression showed no significant multiplicative (P for interaction, 0.587) and additive interaction (P for relative excess risk of interaction, 0.243; P for Interaction on additive scale, 0.654) on all-cause mortality, as well as on CVD mortality. Depression did not mediate the relationship between hypertension and all-cause (Z=1.704, P=0.088) and CVD mortality (Z=1.547, P=0.122). Hypertension did not mediate the relationship between all-cause and CVD mortality as well.

Conclusion

Hypertension and depression were related to all-cause and CVD mortality independently and the co-existence of them increased the risk of mortality. However, there is no interaction effect of them on mortality, and hypertension or depression did not mediate the association of each other with mortality.
Effect of weight loss on knee joint synovitis over 48 months and mediation by subcutaneous fat around the knee: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Löffler Maximilian T. , Ngarmsrikam Chotigar , Giesler Paula , Joseph Gabby B. , Akkaya Zehra , Lynch John A. , Lane Nancy E. , Nevitt Michael , McCulloch Charles E. , Link Thomas M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Obesity influences the development of osteoarthritis via low-grade inflammation. Progression of local inflammation (= synovitis) increased with weight gain in overweight and obese women compared to stable weight. Synovitis could be associated with subcutaneous fat (SCF) around the knee. Purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on synovitis progression and to assess whether SCF around the knee mediates the relationship between weight loss and synovitis progression.

Methods

We included 234 overweight and obese participants (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with > 10% weight loss (n = 117) or stable overweight (< ± 3% change, n = 117) over 48 months matched for age and sex. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 48 months, effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) and average joint-adjacent SCF (ajSCF) were assessed. Odds-ratios (ORs) for synovitis progression over 48 months (≥ 1 score increase) were calculated in logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, baseline BMI, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and baseline SCF measurements. Mediation of the effect of weight loss on synovitis progression by local SCF change was assessed.

Results

Odds for effusion-synovitis progression decreased with weight loss and ajSCF decrease (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61 and 0.56 per standard deviation [SD] change, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44, 0.83 and 0.40, 0.79, p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively), whereas odds for Hoffa-synovitis progression increased with weight loss and ajSCF decrease (OR = 1.47 and 1.48, CI 1.05, 2.04 and 1.02, 2.13, p = 0.024 and 0.038, respectively). AjSCF decrease mediated 39% of the effect of weight loss on effusion-synovitis progression.

Conclusions

Effusion-synovitis progression was slowed by weight loss and decrease in local subcutaneous fat. Hoffa-synovitis characterized by fluid in the infrapatellar fat pad increased at the same time, suggesting a decreasing fat pad rather than active synovitis. Decrease in local subcutaneous fat partially mediated the systemic effect of weight loss on synovitis.
Comparison of temporomandibular joints in relation to ages and vertical facial types in skeletal class II female patients: a multiple-cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yang Huifang , Li Qing , Li Weiran , Liu Yi
Published: April 2024

Background

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is closely related to the dynamic balance and stability of mandibular function and orthodontic treatment. Skeletal class II female patients are thought to be at high risk for TMJ disease. The relationship between the TMJ and craniofacial structures is still controversial. This study compared the morphology and position of the TMJ in skeletal class II adolescents and adults with various vertical facial types using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

A total of 117 skeletal class II patients were divided into three groups according to the FH-GoGn angle (hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent), with 40 class I normodivergent patients serving as controls. Each group contained two age subgroups (adolescents: 11–14 years old, adults: 18–35 years old). The size (condylar length, height, long and short axis diameter, glenoid fossa width and depth) and shape (condylar neck inclination, condylar head angle and long axis angle, articular eminence inclination) of the condyle and fossa, joint space (anterior, superior, posterior, mesial and lateral), and position of the fossa (vertical, transverse, and anteroposterior distance) and condyle were measured and compared using CBCT.

Results

Class II hypodivergent patients exhibited the greatest condylar length, height, and long- and short-axis diameter; steepest articular eminence; deepest fossa depth; largest superior, mesial and lateral joint spaces; and highest fossa position in both age groups. The manifestations of class II hyperdivergent patients were mostly the opposite. In adults, except for the condylar long axis angle, the measurements of the condyle increased differently among skeletal patterns, while the measurements of the fossa decreased, as the joint spaces and fossa position remained approximately stable compared with those in adolescents.

Conclusion

The vertical skeletal pattern, rather than the class II sagittal skeletal pattern, may be the main factor affecting the morphology and position of the TMJ. Attention should be given to the TMJ area in hyperdivergent patients with a relatively poor-fit condyle-fossa relationship. The changes in the TMJ with age were mainly morphological rather than positional and varied with skeletal pattern.
Deciphering the influence: academic stress and its role in shaping learning approaches among nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dogham Rawhia Salah , Ali Heba Fakieh Mansy , Ghaly Asmaa Saber , Elcokany Nermine M. , Seweid Mohamed Mahmoud , El-Ashry Ayman Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Background

Nursing education presents unique challenges, including high levels of academic stress and varied learning approaches among students. Understanding the relationship between academic stress and learning approaches is crucial for enhancing nursing education effectiveness and student well-being.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of academic stress and its correlation with learning approaches among nursing students.

Design and Method

A cross-sectional descriptive correlation research design was employed. A convenient sample of 1010 nursing students participated, completing socio-demographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2 F).

Results

Most nursing students experienced moderate academic stress (56.3%) and exhibited moderate levels of deep learning approaches (55.0%). Stress from a lack of professional knowledge and skills negatively correlates with deep learning approaches (r = -0.392) and positively correlates with surface learning approaches (r = 0.365). Female students showed higher deep learning approach scores, while male students exhibited higher surface learning approach scores. Age, gender, educational level, and academic stress significantly influenced learning approaches.

Conclusion

Academic stress significantly impacts learning approaches among nursing students. Strategies addressing stressors and promoting healthy learning approaches are essential for enhancing nursing education and student well-being.

Nursing implication

Understanding academic stress’s impact on nursing students’ learning approaches enables tailored interventions. Recognizing stressors informs strategies for promoting adaptive coping, fostering deep learning, and creating supportive environments. Integrating stress management, mentorship, and counseling enhances student well-being and nursing education quality.