bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel Technique in the Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recessions Associated with and without Non Carious Cervical Lesions- A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Devi P Kausalya , Penmetsa Gautami S , Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar , Gottumukkala NVS Sruthima , Ramesh KSV , Baipalli Vivek
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Gingival Recession (GR) can be associated to periodontal disease-causing dentinal hypersensitivity, root caries and even aesthetic problems. A combination of the Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel Technique (MCAT) with Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) can be considered an option for treating multiple GR. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of root coverage using MCAT along with SCTG in multiple GR with and without Non Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCL). Materials and Methods: The present prospective clinical study was conducted in Department of Periodontology at Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, from June 2018 to December 2019. A total of 24 patients seeking treatment for multiple GR in which 12 patients with recessions alone and 12 patients associated with NCCL were included in the study. Clinical measurements of Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Recession Depth (RD) and Recession Width (RW), Width of Keratinised Tissue (KTW), Gingival Thickness (GT), Pink Aesthetic Score and hypersensitivity scores were determined at baseline and six months. Descriptive statistics, Independent samples t-test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and paired t-tests were used in data analysis. The p-value <0.05 would be considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30±10.16 years. The study group comprised of 18 males and six females, constituting male to female ratio as 3:1. A statistical significance in reduction of recession was seen from baseline to six months in both control and test groups which are (9.67±1.15 mm to 0.92±1.67 mm) and (10.92±0.99 mm to 0.67±1.23 mm) respectively and increase in KTW was seen from baseline to six months in both groups which are (1.58±0.66 mm to 3.2±0.75 mm) and (1.75±0.45 mm to 3.50±0.67 mm), respectively. However, a statistically significant decrease in hypersensitivity was observed in the MCAT+SCTG+NCCL group. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that MCAT could be opted as a treatment of choice for multiple GR associated with non carious lesions, as well in terms of aesthetics and hypersensitivity.
Functional Outcome Analysis of Cubitus Varus Deformity Treatment in Children undergoing Modified French Osteotomy with Technical Modification: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mishra Madhusudan , Mahapatra Swagat , Kumar Vineet , Aggarwal Pankaj , AvaVasthi Sachin , Aslam Mohd Ammar , Kumar Prabhat
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Lateral closing wedge osteotomy is an accepted correction method for cubitus varus deformity. The techniques used to fix the osteotomy mostly lead to either angulation or loss of correction during the final tightening of the Stainless Steel (SS) wire at the osteotomy site. The records for patients undergoing two modifications in a conventional modified French Osteotomy were analysed. Four wires, two proximal and two distal to the osteotomy site for precision and guided compression over the other additional Kirschner wire (K-wire) at the osteotomy site, were the two modifications in these patients. Aim: To analyse the functional outcome of cubitus varus deformity in children treated with technical modifications of modified French osteotomy. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study done at the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study duration was three years (from April 2019 to April 2022). A total of 34 cubitus varus deformity patients were included in this study who were operated with lateral closing wedge-modified French osteotomy with technical modification by K-wires. The patients were followed-up for a minimum of six months. The results were analysed using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Flynn’s criteria. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used and p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-three (67.65%) cases were male, and 11 (32.35%) were female. Twenty-eight (82.4%) patients were children aged 5 to 10 years, 20 (58.8%) cases involved a rightsided deformity, while the remaining 14 (41.2%) had left-side involvement. The mean age was 7.58±2.49 years (ranging from 3 to 12 years). The mean time since they had initial trauma was 2.42±1.28 years. The preoperative mean cubitus varus angle was 11.73±2.39°, the mean hyperextension was 13.27±2.69°, and the mean internal rotation was 36.48±5.01°. Postoperative six months’ corrective mean carrying angle (valgus) was 5.79±2.46°, corrective hyperextension was 2.18±1.06°, and corrective internal rotation was 5.39±2.74°. Out of 34 cases, all had excellent results as analysed by Quick DASH and Flynn’s criteria. Conclusion: The technical modifications by K-wires in conventional modified French osteotomy provided guided compression over the osteotomy site, ensured perfect implant placement without cutting out the screw, and improved 3D (Dimensional) correction of cubitus varus deformity. So, it’s safe, simple, and effective.
Does Organic Farming Ensure Food Security? An Analysis of Developing Countries
Authors: Avinash  , Batra Vikas
Published: June 2023

Food insecurity is a major challenge in front of developing countries. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) [1] reported that 2 billion people face moderate or severe food insecurity, of which 1.02 billion are found in Asia, 674.5 million in Africa, and 205.3 million in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019. Inadequate food creates serious health issues among people, especially children worst affected by it. The situation further deteriorates in developing countries where poverty and population rates are high. The overconsumption of fertilizers in agriculture leads to environmental degradation and severe human illness. The unsustainability of the current agriculture model has raised many concerns about the future demand for food for an ever-growing population. The alternative method as suggested by many experts is Organic farming. The positive externalities attached to organic farming have enormous potential and it plays a very significant role in protecting the environment, providing safe food, and eventually sustainability. Further, linking the goal of food security with organic farming can help developing countries provide nutritious food and help in protecting the environment. The paper explores the situation of food insecurity worldwide and the current agriculture model performance and failure to achieve food security in many developing countries. The paper also analyses the role of organic farming to attain food security and elaborate on the limitations of organic farming to ensure food security and provides alternative models for improvement in current situations. For this purpose, study uses secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for analysis of the food production in these two regions and reviews various research articles, FAO documents, and reports based on conventional and organic farming. The literature was accessed using Google Scholar, Institutions and Government Websites. The conventional farming put developing countries into the dilemma, to ensure food security for its population or protect environment, due to its unsustainability in long run. However, the current status of organic agriculture production is still meagre compared to conventional food production. The low yield in organic farming does not ensure the food security for the distant future but in long run organic farming can ensure the food security. The study recommended policy makers to formulate such policies which ensure sustainable food production without compromising food security in developing countries.
Application of Auxins in Haploid Embryo Induction in Hexaploidy Wheat
Authors: Shubham  , Sandal Sanjeet Singh , Walia Puneet , Upadhyay Vidushi
Published: June 2023

Doubled haploid (DH) plant production plays a crucial role in modern plant breeding programs, offering an efficient means to generate homozygous lines from heterozygous parents within a single generation. Different types of auxins have been utilized in wheat cross with maize DH production, with 2,4-D being the most widely used and effective hormone, followed by dicamba. Other auxins, including picloram, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), silver nitrate, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin, 6-benzyladenine (BA), and zearalenone, have also been tested for their potential role in haploid embryo induction. Various methods have been explored for the application of 2,4-D, such as spray, tiller injection, dipping, and spikelet culture methods. 2,4-D found to be most effective auxin treatment both alone and with combination with other phytohormones.
The Role of Client-Contractor Relationship in Solving Financing Failure in Construction Project
Authors: Simanjuntak Augustinus , Siagian Hotlan
Published: June 2023

The construction industry supply chain emphasizes the importance of the client and contractor relationship. This research examines the process of evaluating the Contractor's capability in selecting a contractor. This study also reviews how the project owner solves the problem during work. This research uses a qualitative and case study approach. The study is based on library research, the Delphi method, and content analysis. The results of the study show: (a) in building a relationship, PT XYZ and the Contractor has declared about its business legal documents to the ABC institution; (b) However, in building a relationship, PT XYZ was not transparent about its financial capabilities and business ownership structure; (c) PT XYZ's failure to finance the project has disrupted the relationship of the two parties; (d) PT XYZ (Contractor) has declared about its financial failure; (d) the ABC institution overcomes it with a relationship beyond contract model, which is first to bail out the Contractor's finances so that PT XYZ can still carry out the construction service contract to completion. The ABC institution decided to bail out PT.XYZ is primarily based on the values practiced by the ABC institution, known as LIGHT, which means Love, Integrity, Growth, Humanity, and Trust.
The Servant Leadership Effect on Student Engagement Mediated by Student Motivation at "X" Christian Senior High School in Surabaya
Authors: Wiwik Damiana , Ricky Ricky , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Servant Leadership (Voluntary Subordination (VS), Authentic Self (AS), Covenantal Relationship (CR), Responsible morality (RM), Transcendental spirituality (TS), Transforming Influence (TI)) on teachers on Student Engagement (SE) mediated by Student Motivation (SM) at "X" Christian Senior High School in Surabaya. This research method is causal-comparative quantitative, and the research respondents are 201 students in the 11th grade of the science study program. Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 3.0 is the data analysis method. This indicated that VS significantly affected SE. Authentic Self significantly affected SE. CR didn't significantly affect SE. However, RM significantly affected SE, TS significantly affected SE, and TI significantly affected SE. The mediating variables:  VS, AS, CR, RM, TS, and TI. Furthermore, School management needs to improve their professional relations with students and develop themselves to bring positive changes to students, increasing SE in the learning process.
Sustainable Competitive Decline Analysis of Small Medium Wood Crafts Industry in Bali
Authors: Yuniarta Gede Adi , Purnamawati I Gusti Ayu
Published: June 2023

The development of production and export of wood crafts in Bali yearly tends to remain the same. This phenomenon shows a decline in the sustainable competitiveness of woodcraft SMEs in Bali. This study analyzes the variables that affect the competitiveness of woodcraft SMEs in Bali, including the role of the Government, HR competence, marketing performance, social environment, digitalization techno­logy, and production performance. Data were collected by observation and interview methods and then analyzed with the subject of the study being MSME actors in Bali Province by determining the sample using probability sampling—data analysis using Partial Least Square Path Modeling (PLS-PM). The study results indicate that the role of government, implementation of corporate social responsibility, contextual factors, and business competence affect the competitiveness of the wood craft industry in Bali.
Death by Patient Portal
Authors: Stillman Michael
Published: June 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, an internist suffering from portal communication burnout explored several solutions, none of which sat well with him, so he decided to write a letter to his patients explaining his fatigue and asking them to abide by some usage guidelines.
Disparities in Cardiovascular Health by Food Security Status and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Using Life’s Essential 8 Metrics
Authors: Leung Cindy W. , Wolfson Julia A. , Brandt Eric J. , Rimm Eric B.
Published: June 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the associations among household food security, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation, and cardiovascular health among 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Menard Benjamin , Menard Kevin P. , Menard Noah
Published: June 2023

Dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) is applying a stress or strain to a sample at controlled frequencies and analyzing the response to obtain phase angle and deformation data. These data allow the calculation of the damping or tan delta (δ) as well as complex modulus and viscosity data. Two approaches are used: (i) forced frequency, where the signal is applied at a set frequency, and (ii) free resonance, where the material is perturbed and allowed to exhibit free resonance decay. Most DMAs are of the former type, while thetorsional braid analyzer(TBA) is of the latter type. In both approaches, the technique is very sensitive to the motions of the polymer chains, and it is a powerful tool for measuring transitions in polymers. More specialized techniques, such as the use of ultrasonics and laser pulses, do exist in specialized markets. It is estimated to be 100 times more sensitive to the glass transition thandifferential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and it resolves other more localized transitions, such as side chain movements that are not detected in the DSC. In addition, the technique allows the rapid scanning of a material's modulus and viscosity as a function of temperature, strain, or frequency. DMA may also be referred to asdynamic mechanical, thermal analysis(DMTA),dynamic mechanical spectroscopy(DMS), ordynamic thermomechanical analysis(DTMA).
Narrowband Organic Afterglow via Phosphorescence Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Zou Xin , Gan Nan , Dong Mengyang , Huo Wenguang , Lv Anqi , Yao Xiaokang , Yin Chengzhu , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Huan , Ma Huili , Gu Long , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: June 2023

Achieving multicolor organic afterglow materials with narrowband emission and high color purity is important in various optoelectronic fields but remains a great challenge. Here, an efficient strategy is presented to obtain narrowband organic afterglow materials via Förster resonance energy transfer from long‐lived phosphorescence donors to narrowband fluorescence acceptors in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The resulting materials exhibit narrowband emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as small as 23 nm and the longest lifetime of 721.22 ms. Meanwhile, by pairing the appropriate donors and acceptors, multicolor and high color purity afterglow ranging from green to red with the maximum photoluminescence quantum yield of 67.1% are achieved. Moreover, given their long luminescence lifetime, high color purity, and flexibility, the potential applications are demonstrated in high‐resolution afterglow displays and dynamic and quick information identification in low‐light conditions. This work provides a facile approach for developing multicolor and narrowband afterglow materials as well as expands the features of organic afterglow.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Diamination of α‐Alkyl Styrenes with Anilines
Authors: Yang Jinglei , Wu Yun‐Dong , Pu Maoping
Published: June 2023

A commercially available cobalt complex Cp*CoIII(CO)I2 has been found to effectively catalyze the diamination of α‐alkyl styrenes with anilines under a mild reaction condition, using dioxygen as the oxidant. This reaction features a reasonably good substrate scope of amines and a good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies have shown that Cp*CoIII(CO)I2 alone can promote the diamination reaction.
Lysine 68 Methylation‐Dependent SOX9 Stability Control Modulates Chondrogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Sun Qiannan , Zhuang Zimeng , Bai Rushui , Deng Jie , Xin Tianyi , Zhang Yunfan , Li Qian , Han Bing
Published: June 2023

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi‐lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying chondrogenesis in DPSCs remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that KDM3A and G9A, an antagonistic pair of histone‐modifying enzymes, bidirectionally regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by controlling SOX9 (sex‐determining region Y‐type high‐mobility group box protein 9) degradation through lysine methylation. Transcriptomics analysis reveals that KDM3A is significantly upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses further indicate that KDM3A promotes chondrogenesis in DPSCs by boosting the SOX9 protein level, while G9A hinders the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by reducing the SOX9 protein level. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that KDM3A attenuates the ubiquitination of SOX9 by demethylating lysine (K) 68 residue, which in turn enhances SOX9 stability. Reciprocally, G9A facilitates SOX9 degradation by methylating K68 residue to increase the ubiquitination of SOX9. Meanwhile, BIX‐01294 as a highly specific G9A inhibitor significantly induces the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These findings provide a theoretical basis to ameliorate the clinical use of DPSCs in cartilage tissue‐engineering therapies.
A Self‐Powered and Self‐Sensing Lower‐Limb System for Smart Healthcare
Authors: Kong Lingji , Fang Zheng , Zhang Tingsheng , Zhang Zutao , Pan Yajia , Hao Daning , Chen Jiangfan , Qi Lingfei
Published: June 2023

In the age of the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), wearable devices have been extensively developed for smart healthcare. This paper proposes a self‐powered and self‐sensing lower‐limb system (SS‐LS) with negative energy harvesting and motion capture for smart healthcare. The SS‐LS achieves self‐sustainability via a half‐wave electromagnetic generator (HW‐EMG) that recovers negative work from walking with a low cost of harvesting. Additionally, the motion capture function of the system is achieved by the three‐channel triboelectric nanogenerator (TC‐TENG) based on binary code, which can accurately detect the angle and direction of the knee joint rotation. The bench test experiment indicates that the HW‐EMG has an average output power of 11.2 mW, sufficient to power a wireless sensor. The three‐channel voltage signal of TC‐TENG fits well with the binary signal, which can precisely detect the angle and direction of rotation. Furthermore, the SS‐LS demonstrates an identification accuracy of 99.68% and a motion detection accuracy of 99.96% based on an LSTM deep learning model. Demonstrations of Parkinson's disease and fall detection and monitoring of three training modes (sit‐and‐stand, balance, and walking training) are also performed, which exhibit outstanding sensing capabilities. The SS‐LS is highly promising in sports rehabilitation medicine and can contribute to the development of smart healthcare.
Fundamental Understanding of Structural Reconstruction Behaviors in Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhong Haoyin , Zhang Qi , Yu Junchen , Zhang Xin , Wu Chao , Ma Yifan , An Hang , Wang Hao , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiaopeng , Xue Junmin
Published: June 2023

Transition metal‐based oxyhydroxides (MOOH) derived from the irreversible structural reconstruction of precatalysts are often acknowledged as the real catalytic species for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Typically, the reconstruction‐derived MOOH would exhibit superior OER activity compared to their directly synthesized counterparts, despite being fundamentally similar in chemistry. As such, structural reconstruction has emerged as a promising strategy to boost the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. However, the in‐depth understanding of the origin of the superior OER activity of reconstructed materials still remains ambiguous, which significantly hinders the further developments of highly efficient electrocatalysts based on structural reconstruction chemistry. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the structural reconstruction behaviors in the reported reconstruction‐derived electrocatalysts is provided and the intrinsic chemical and structural origins of their high efficiency toward OER are unveiled. The fundamentals of structural reconstruction mechanisms, along with the recommended characterization techniques for the understanding of the dynamic structural reconstruction process and analyzing the structure of real catalytic species are also interpreted. Finally, in view of structural reconstruction chemistry, the potential perspectives to facilitate the design and synthesis of highly efficient and durable OER electrocatalyst are presented.
Sb Alloying for Engineering High‐Thermoelectric zT of CuGaTe2
Authors: Zhang Danwei , Xie Mingkun , Safanama Dorsasadat , Saglik Kivanc , Tan Xian Yi , Solco Samantha Faye Duran , Cao Jing , Tan Chee Kiang Ivan , Liu Hongfei , Wang Suxi , Zhu Qiang , Fam Wen Hui Derrick , Yan Qingyu , Wu Jing , Suwardi Ady
Published: June 2023

Decades of studies on thermoelectric materials have enabled the design of high‐performance materials based on basic materials properties, such as bandgap engineering. In general, bandgap energies correspond to the temperature at which the peak thermoelectric performance occurs. For instance, CuGaTe2 with a relatively wide bandgap of 1.2 eV has its peak zT > 1 at > 900 K. On the other hand, the zT is usually very low (<0.1) for this material at room temperature. This severely limits its average zT and hence overall performance. In this study, a phase diagram‐guided Sb alloying strategy to improve the low‐temperature zT of CuGaTe2 is used, by leveraging on the solubility limits to control the formation of the microstructural defects. The addition of Sb simultaneously improves the electrical conductivity and decreases the lattice thermal conductivity. For a low‐temperature range of 300–623 K, this Sb‐alloying strategy enables the achievement of a record high average zT of 0.33. The strategy developed in this study targets the improvement of the low‐temperature range of CuGaTe2, which is rarely focused on for wide‐bandgap ABX2 compounds, opening up more opportunities for holistic performance improvements, potentially enabling ultrahigh‐performance thermoelectrics over a wide temperature range.
Essential updates 2021/2022: Perioperative and surgical treatments for gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer
Authors: Yanagimoto Yoshitomo , Kurokawa Yukinori , Doki Yuichiro
Published: June 2023

In recent years, important clinical trials for gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) have been reported, changing the strategies of surgical and perioperative treatment. Although laparoscopic gastrectomy has already been shown to be effective for early‐stage cancer, recent evidence from both Asia (JLSSG0901, CLASS‐01 and KLASS‐02) and Europe (LOGICA and STOMACH trials) has demonstrated that it is useful for advanced GC. Robotic surgery has been rapidly gaining popularity in recent years, and randomized controlled trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy. A prospective nationwide multicenter study mapped sites with frequent metastasis and revealed lymphatic flow specific to EGJC, thus establishing the optimal lymph node dissection area and surgical approach based on esophageal involvement. Perioperative chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment in Europe, also has been established in Asia by the PRODIGY and RESOLVE studies. New clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combining immunotherapy or molecular‐targeted therapy with perioperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we present important recent clinical trials regarding the treatment of GC and EGJC published in 2021 or 2022.
Colloidal State Machines as Smart Tracers for Chemical Reactor Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ge , Yang Jing Fan , Yang Sungyun , Brooks Allan M. , Koman Volodymyr B. , Gong Xun , Strano Michael S.
Published: June 2023

A widely utilized tool in reactor analysis is passive tracers that report the residence time distribution, allowing estimation of the conversion and other properties of the system. Recently, advances in microrobotics have introduced powered and functional entities with sizes comparable to some traditional tracers. This has motivated the concept of Smart Tracers that could record the local chemical concentrations, temperature, or other conditions as they progress through reactors. Herein, the design constraints and advantages of Smart Tracers by simulating their operation in a laminar flow reactor model conducting chemical reactions of various orders are analyzed. It is noted that far fewer particles are necessary to completely map even the most complex concentration gradients compared with their conventional counterparts. Design criteria explored herein include sampling frequency, memory storage capacity, and ensemble number necessary to achieve the required accuracy to inform a reactor model. Cases of severe particle diffusion and sensor noise appear to bind the functional upper limit of such probes and require consideration for future design. The results of the study provide a starting framework for applying the new technology of microrobotics to the broad and impactful set of problems classified as chemical reactor analysis.
A nonsense variant in the N‐terminal acetyltransferase NAA30 may be associated with global developmental delay and tracheal cleft
Authors: Varland Sylvia , Brønstad Kirsten Marie , Skinner Stephanie J. , Arnesen Thomas
Published: June 2023

Most human proteins are N‐terminally acetylated by N‐terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), which play crucial roles in many cellular functions. The NatC complex, comprising the catalytic subunit NAA30 and the auxiliary subunits NAA35 and NAA38, is estimated to acetylate up to 20% of the human proteome in a co‐translational manner. Several NAT enzymes have been linked to rare genetic diseases, causing developmental delay, intellectual disability, and heart disease. Here, we report a de novo heterozygous NAA30 nonsense variant c.244C>T (p.Q82*) (NM_001011713.2), which was identified by whole exome sequencing in a 5‐year‐old boy presenting with global development delay, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia, tracheal cleft, and recurrent respiratory infections. Biochemical studies were performed to assess the functional impact of the premature stop codon on NAA30's catalytic activity. We find that NAA30‐Q82* completely disrupts the N‐terminal acetyltransferase activity toward a classical NatC substrate using an in vitro acetylation assay. This finding corresponds with structural modeling showing that the truncated NAA30 variant lacks the entire GNAT domain, which is required for catalytic activity. This study suggests that defective NatC‐mediated N‐terminal acetylation can cause disease, thus expanding the spectrum of NAT variants linked to genetic disease.
Theoretical Quantification of the Lewis Acidity of N‐Heterocyclic Iodonium Salts
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Liu Yubang , Jing Yaru , Liu Yan , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: June 2023

The quantitative Lewis acidity of N‐heterocyclic iod(az)olium salts is helpful for their further application in organic chemistry. The acidity scales of different N‐Heterocyclic iodonium salts (NHISs) in acetonitrile are investigated using Density functional theory (DFT) studies. There are a total of 121N‐Heterocyclic iodonium salts that have been designed by combining N‐heterocyclic and iodonium salt structures in this research. Theoretical calculations systematically established the 31P NMR chemical shifts of NHISs, and the relative Lewis acidity scale was derived. The Lewis acidity trend is analyzed and explained by the natural population analysis (NPA) charges, molecular electrostatic potential, and the interaction between the iodonium center and the N‐heterocyclic substituents. This study is expected to provide a practical quantitative theoretical scale for the understanding and design of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents with versatile Lewis acidity.
Benzidine Derivatives: A Class of High Redox Potential Molecules for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Li Tianyu , Zhang Changkun , Li Xianfeng
Published: June 2023

The development of water‐soluble redox‐active molecules with high potentials is one of the effective ways to enhance the energy density of aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). Herein, a series of promising N‐substituted benzidine analogues as water‐soluble catholyte candidates with controllable redox potentials (0.78–1.01 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) were obtained by the molecular engineering of aqueous irreversible benzidines. Theoretical calculations reveal that the redox potentials of these benzidine derivatives in acidic solution are determined by their electronic structure and alkalinity. Among these benzidine derivatives, N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethylbenzidine(TEB) shows both high redox potential (0.82 V vs. SHE) and good solubility (1.1 M). Pairing with H4[Si(W3O10)4] anolyte, the cell displayed discharge capacity retention of 99.4 % per cycle and a high coulombic efficiency (CE) of ~100 % over 1200 cycles. The stable discharge capacity of 41.8 Ah L−1 was achieved at the 1.0 M TEB catholyte with a CE of 97.2 % and energy efficiency (EE) of 91.2 %, demonstrating that N‐substituted benzidines could be promising for AOFBs.
Compartmentalized Polyampholyte Microgels by Depletion Flocculation and Coacervation of Nanogels in Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Mathews Hannah F. , Pieper Maria I. , Jung Se‐Hyeong , Pich Andrij
Published: June 2023

In pH‐responsive drug carriers, the distribution of charges has been proven to affect delivery efficiency but is difficult to control and verify. Herein, we fabricate polyampholyte nanogel‐in‐microgel colloids (NiM−C) and show that the arrangement of the nanogels (NG) can easily be manipulated by adapting synthesis conditions. Positively and negatively charged pH‐responsive NG are synthesized by precipitation polymerization and labelled with different fluorescent dyes. The obtained NG are integrated into microgel (MG) networks by subsequent inverse emulsion polymerization in droplet‐based microfluidics. By confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we verify that depending on NG concentration, pH value and ionic strength, NiM−C with different NG arrangements are obtained, including Janus‐like phase‐separation of NG, statistical distribution of NG, and core–shell arrangements. Our approach is a major step towards uptake and release of oppositely charged (drug) molecules.
Superior and effective adsorption of amoxicillin by using novel metal organic framework and its composite: Thermodynamic, kinetic, and optimization by Box–Behnken design
Authors: Sallam Sahar , Alorabi Ali Q. , Almotairy Awatif R. Z. , Ibarhiam Saham F. , Aljuhani Enas , Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: June 2023

Exploring the potential of silver metal organic frameworks (Ag‐MOF), we modified it with sulfanilamide (Ag‐MOF‐NH2) to create an efficient means for the adsorption of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions. We characterized this new material with various imaging and analyzation techniques. Investigations into adsorption were conducted with varying solution pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosages. Moreover, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms were also tested by different models. Results revealed that equilibrium was reached between the antibiotic and the adsorbents within 100 min, with 1.93 and 2.63 mmol·g−1 as the maximum adsorption capacities of Ag‐MOF and Ag‐MOF‐NH2, respectively. The adsorption of AMX onto the adsorbents is closely in line with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, intraparticle‐diffusion model, and Langmuir isotherm, suggesting that the surface of the adsorbent is homogeneous and that the highest binding sites are filled first. By utilizing this data, an engaging conclusion can be drawn: the process of adsorption is efficient and effective. Optimizing adsorption results with Box–Behnken design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) produced impressive outcomes. Additionally, experiments were conducted on non‐buffered AMX solutions at various NaNO3 concentrations to ascertain the influence of the electrolytes' composition. Surprisingly, its capacity to take up the element was affected by different concentrations and has ability to be reused several times by capacity above 80% for up to four cycles. Discovering the intricate mechanisms behind AMX adsorption, such as electrostatic forces, π–π interactions, H‐bonding, and pore filling, proves to be an invaluable asset in reducing its concentration from real water samples. The mighty potential of Ag‐MOF and Ag‐MOF‐NH2 makes them excellent adsorbents with removal efficiencies ranging between 86% and 97% making them ideal for industrial uses and protecting our environment.
Tailoring the performance of poly(lactic acid)‐based reactive blends: The effect of vinyl acetate and dicumyl peroxide content
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , do Nascimento Emanuel Pereira , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: June 2023

Poly(lactic acid) has been gaining prominence in academia and industry, mainly due to being a biopolymer and biodegradable material. Nevertheless, mainly due to its high fragility, work has been carried out in order to seek alternatives to improve this drawback. Hence, this work aims to evaluate the effect of the vinyl acetate content using two types of EVA (EVA1 with 28% and EVA2 with 19%) in dynamically vulcanized PLA/EVA blends, using several dicumyl peroxide (DCP) contents, that is, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 phr. Blends were produced using an internal mixer, and the tensile, impact and HDT specimens were injection molded. By FTIR and torque rheometry, it was verified that, upon DCP addition, there was evidences of reticulation, resulting in crosslinked PLA, crosslinked EVA, as well as PLA‐g‐EVA. Through tensile and impact strength tests, it was observed substantial increases in the elongation at break, and in impact strength, mainly for the compounds with higher content of vinyl acetate (EVA1). Impact specimens made with PLA/EVA120 0.7 DCP, PLA/EVA130 0.5 DCP, and 0.7 DCP, did not completely break, due to the probable development of the in situ PLA‐g‐EVA compatibilizer among the present phases. Therefore, it is believed that a more homogeneous microstructure was obtained, as observed by SEM images, highlighted upon the DCP content increase. It was verified that the highest vinyl acetate content is of paramount importance for obtaining PLA/EVA blends with better compatibility as well as EVA1 being more susceptible to crosslinking using DCP, resulting in blends with greater toughness.
A facile approach to fabricating fluorine‐free superhydrophobic cotton fabric with excellent oil–water separation performance
Authors: Xu Junhuang , Li Hongqiang , Zheng Longzhu , Huang Shangdong , Fang Weizhen , Lai Xuejun , Zeng Xingrong
Published: June 2023

With the increasing deterioration of environmental and ecology caused by industrial wastewater pollution and petroleum spill accidents, superhydrophobic materials for oil–water separation have attracted considerable attention. Herein, we propose a facile approach to fabricate fluorine‐free superhydrophobic cotton fabric (CF) for oil–water separation after the coverage of chitosan (CS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and the subsequent hydrophobization modification by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). The obtained HDTMS‐TiO2/CS@CF showed superhydrophobicity with a high water contact angle of 160.6° as well as excellent self‐cleaning capability, non‐adhesion capability and surface stability. Moreover, the CF was successfully applied for the separation of various oil–water mixtures. The separation efficiency for trichloromethane‐water mixture reached 95.8%, and still maintained 95.6% after 30 separation cycles. In addition, the CF also possessed superior photocatalytic degradation capability for organic contaminant such as oil red O and the degradation rate was 86.2% under UV irradiation for 180 min. The preparation method in this work is simple, environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and easy to produce on a large scale. The findings conceivably stand out as a new method to fabricate superhydrophobic materials and show great application potential in the fields of oil–water separation and water purification.
A comparative analysis of photocatalytic applications using poly[(vanillin‐co‐pyrrole)]/ZnO and TiO2‐based semiconductor under natural sunlight irradiation
Authors: Lahouel Anas Abderrahmane , Mekidiche Mounir , Slimane Abdelkader , Sahli Nabahat
Published: June 2023

This study presents an experimental investigation with a comparative analysis on the photocatalytic activity of two composites, namely poly(vanillin‐co‐pyrrole)/ZnO and poly(vanillin‐co‐pyrrole)/TiO2, for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under simulated solar irradiation. Conductive polymers, specifically poly(vanillin‐co‐pyrrole) (PPHMB) and its derivatives, were employed as photosensitizers to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and TiO2 under solar irradiation. PPHMB was synthesized using the cationic polycondensation method, while the PPHMB/ZnO and PPHMB/TiO2 composites were prepared through the co‐precipitation method. The prepared composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to bare ZnO and TiO2 under solar irradiation for the degradation of MB dye. Extensive characterization techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared, x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and optical analysis, were employed to investigate the properties of the composites. Various influential operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, irradiation time, and the dosage of PPHMB/ZnO and PPHMB/TiO2 composites were systematically studied to evaluate their effects on photocatalytic degradation. The optical density of dye degradation was quantified using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer, while the repeatability of the photocatalytic activity was rigorously assessed.
Discussion of “Specifying prior distributions in reliability applications”: Towards new formal rules for informative prior elicitation?
Authors: Bousquet Nicolas
Published: June 2023

The article by Tian et al. (Appl. Stoch. Models Bus. Ind. 2023) takes an interesting look at the use of non‐informative priors adapted to several censoring processes, which are common in reliability. It proposes a continuum of modelling approaches that go as far as defining weakly informative priors to overcome the well‐known shortcomings of frequentist approaches to problems involving highly censored samples. In this commentary, I make some critical remarks and propose to link this work to a more generic vision of what could be a relevant Bayesian elicitation in reliability, taking advantage of recent theoretical and applied advances. Through tools like approximate posterior priors and prior equivalent sample sizes, and by illustrating them with simple reliability models, I suggest methodological avenues to formalize the elicitation of informative priors in a auditable, defensible way. By allowing a clear modulation of subjective information, this might respond to the authors' primary concern of constructing weakly informative priors and to a more general concern for precaution in Bayesian reliability.
Hydrogel wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment: Status‐quo, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Ko Anthony , Liao Caizhi
Published: June 2023

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common and often debilitating complication of diabetes that can result in lower limb amputations if left untreated. Hydrogel dressings are three‐dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of water, and have been shown to possess excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and excellent fluid handling properties. In addition, hydrogels create a moist wound environment that promotes wound healing by supporting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Hydrogels, therefore, have emerged as promising wound dressings for promoting DFU healing. In this review, we attempt to chart the landscape of the emerging field of hydrogel as wound dressing for DFU treatment. We will explicitly review the assorted preparation methods for DFU hydrogels as well as a detailed discussion of various types of hydrogels deployed for DFU study. We also crystallize key findings, identify remaining challenges, and present an outlook on the future development of this enticing field.
Epidemiology, treatments, and related biomarkers of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Chinese population: A scoping review
Authors: He Wang , Chen Changhao , Lin Tianxin , Xu Qian , Ye Chong , Du Jieyi , Huang Jian
Published: June 2023

Objective

Bladder cancer is the 13th most common cancer in China with the predominant histologic type being urothelial carcinoma (UC). Locally advanced and metastatic (la/m) UC accounts for 12% of UC and the five‐year survival rate is only 39.4%, imposing a significant disease and economic burden on the patients. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize existing evidence of epidemiology, the landscape of treatment options and associated efficacy and safety profiles, as well as treatment‐related biomarkers among Chinese la/mUC patients.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI) from January 2011 to March 2022 based on the scoping review criteria in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results

A total of 6211 records were identified, and further review resulted in 41 relevant studies that met all criteria. Additional searches were conducted on epidemiology and treatment‐related biomarkers of bladder cancer to supplement the evidence. Among 41 studies, 24 reported on platinum‐based chemotherapy, eight on non‐platinum‐based chemotherapy, six on immunotherapy, two on targeted therapy, and one on surgery. Efficacy outcomes were summarized by line of therapy. Treatment‐related biomarkers including PD‐L1, HER2, and FGFR3 alterations were identified, and the alteration rate of FGFR3 of Chinese UC patients was lower than that of the western patients.

Conclusions

Despite chemotherapy has been the main treatment choice for decades, appealing new therapeutic strategies including ICIs, targeted therapies and ADCs were applied in clinical practice. Further research on epidemiology and treatment‐related biomarkers of la/mUC patients is needed given only a limited number of studies have been identified thus far. High genomic heterogeneity and complexity of molecular features were observed among la/mUC patients; thus, further studies are required to identify critical drivers and promote potential precise therapies.
Preventive behaviors and behavioral risk factors among gynecologic cancer survivors: Results from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Datta Biplab , Moore Justin Xavier , Vernon Marlo M. , Tingen Martha S.
Published: June 2023

Background

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is an important factor in promoting positive outcomes for gynecologic cancer survivors.

Methods

We examined preventive behaviors among gynecologic cancer survivors (n = 1824) and persons without a history of cancer in a cross‐sectional analysis, using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (BRFSS). BRFSS is a cross‐sectional telephone‐based survey of U.S. residents 18 years of age and older, which collects information about health‐related factors and use of preventive services.

Results

The prevalence rates of colorectal cancer screening were respectively 7.9 (95% CI: 4.0–11.9) and 15.0 (95% CI: 4.0–11.9) %‐points higher among gynecologic and other cancer survivors compared to that of 65.2% among those without any history of cancer. However, no differences were observed in breast cancer screening between gynecologic cancer survivors (78.5%) and respondents without any history of cancer (78.7%). Coverage of influenza vaccination among gynecologic cancer survivors were 4.0 (95% CI: 0.3–7.6) %‐points higher than that of the no cancer group, but 11.6 (95% CI: 7.6–15.6) %‐points lower than that of the other cancer group. Pneumonia vaccination rate among gynecologic cancer survivors, however, was not statistically different than that of other cancer survivors and respondents with no history of cancer. When examining modifiable risk behaviors, the prevalence of smoking among gynecologic cancer survivors was 12.8 (95% CI: 9.5–16.0) and 14.2 (95% CI: 10.8–17.7) %‐points higher than smoking prevalence among other cancer survivors and respondents without any history of cancer. The rate differentials were even higher in rural areas, 17.4 (95% CI: 7.2–27.6) and 18.4 (95% CI: 7.4–29.4) %‐points respectively. There were no differences in the prevalence of heavy drinking across the groups. Lastly, gynecologic and other cancer survivors were less likely to be physically active (Δ = −12.3, 95% CI: −15.8 to −8.8 and Δ = −6.9, 95% CI: −8.5 to −5.3, respectively) than those without any history of cancer.

Conclusion

Smoking prevalence among gynecologic cancer survivors is alarmingly high. Intervention studies are needed to identify effective ways to assist gynecologic cancer survivors to quit smoking and refrain from hazardous alcohol consumption. In addition, women with gynecologic malignancies should made aware of the importance of physical activity.