bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Europeans on Kashmir:
Authors: Khushu-Lahiri Rajyashree
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes to study the enabling impact of the Western translation of Kashmiri folklore on the Kashmiri literature and culture. It will contest the popular and largely valid perception that the translation of Indian literary texts into English by the British colonizers was an Orientalist enterprise and had a definite agenda which was to give the Western readers a feel of the Indian mystique and to enable the colonizers to administer India. Further, the Western translators had a patronizing/colonizing attitude to the source language text that according to them was being ‘improved’ by translation. This paper will contend that Kashmiri literature (oral as well as written) has gained immensely by the interventions of the western translators of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Scholars like J. Hinton Knowles, Aurel Stein and George Grierson have played a pioneering and seminal role in documenting and perpetuating the folk literature of Kashmir. Their interest in this enterprise was purely academic and to date, the folktales translated by J. Hinton Knowles and Aurel Stein are considered to be standard and the starting point of any study of Kashmiri folklore.
Effects of Imperialism and Cultural Hegemony on Learners of English as a Second or Foreign Language
Authors: Rahman Nadia
Published: June 2023

Imperialism and hegemony are very much related terms when we talk about second or foreign language acquisition. Culture also plays an important role in language learning. So, all these come into consideration to determine the learners’ level and pace of proficiency. This paper will try to find out whether learning English as a second or foreign language gets affected by imperialism and cultural hegemony, and the kind of affect it has on Bangladeshi learners.
On Philosophy and Commitment:
Authors: Levy Bernard-Henri
Published: June 2023

The French philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy, who recently revisited Bangladesh after forty-three years, delivered a public lecture at ULAB on 26 April, 2014. The text here is reproduced from the transcript of the lecture, with his kind permission. M. Levy was welcomed by Dr. Kazi Anis Ahmed, Vice-Chairman of the ULAB Board of Trustees, and introduced by M. Olivier Litvine, Director of the Alliance Francaise in Dhaka.)
Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard in Bangladesh:
Authors: Rahman Nadia , Zaman Tahmina
Published: June 2023

Foreign texts can be adapted by modifying the cultural specifics of the original to that of the target society to ensure a wider reach. The selection process of the foreign texts to a large extent is determined by the size of the theater group, the expertise of the actors, the group members’ efficiency in using standard Bangla, and the level of cultural sophistication of the audience. Amongst all the foreign writers/playwrights, we have selected Chekhov’s representation in Bangladeshi theater as our focus in this article. We are focusing on the adapted version of The Cherry Orchard produced by a theater group in Bangladesh and have tried to explore the transformation of the original text in terms of contextualization. While doing this, we used reception theory and Gramsci’s theater criticism.
Strong Women in Rabindranath Tagore’s “Laboratory” and “Mussulmanir Galpa”
Authors: Zaman Niaz
Published: June 2023

The paper examines two strong women characters in Rabindranath Tagore’s late short stories: “Laboratory” and “Mussulmanir Galpa.” In the former story, Tagore portrays an unconventional woman, vety different from his earlier fictional heroines, while in the latter he portrays a Hindu woman who, because of circumstances, takes the decision to convert to Islam. Both the stories reveal a changing world, unconventional in one, violent in the other. Through the strong women of these two stories, Tagore suggests that women cannot merely accept changes but must attempt to act to find positive solutions.
Revisiting an Old Argument or Refashioning a Future?
Authors: Abedin Manzoorul
Published: June 2023

Capital in the Twenty-First CenturyThomas Piketty, translated from the French by Arthur Goldhammer, 2O14Cambridge, MA; London: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press

When was the last time we heard an economist involve Jane Austen and Honoré de Balzac in his discussion of economic modelling?
Front matter
Authors: Front matter
Published: June 2023

Crossings: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolumes 4 and5,2014 | rSSN 2o7t-tto7
Literary Histories and Literary Futures:
Authors: Anjaria Ulka
Published: June 2023

The debate between authors who write in English and those who write in the South Asian vernaculars – or bhashas – is well known in South Asian literary studies. The debate is not only about language, but about a writer’s desired audience and her commitment (or lack thereof) to cosmopolitanism on one hand and nationalism on the other. This paper traces some of the key moments in this debate in order to suggest that in contemporary Indian literature we are witnessing the beginnings of a new relationship between English and the bhashas that requires a complication of the cosmopolitanism/nationalism framework. For one, English is no longer the language of the West but has become an Indian language – such that for the first time in India’s history, literature written in English does not rely on an international readership. But the kinds of English writings we see in Indian literature today reflect a thematic shift as well; for instance, new commercial English writings by authors such as Chetan Bhagat and Anuja Chauhan paradoxically reflect a turn inwards – inventing what I call new literary provincialisms: a move away from the diasporic cosmopolitanism of the 1980s and 1990s, and towards India’s regional cultures – but paradoxically, through rather than despite the use of English. These writings are often set in Tier II cities such as Varanasi and Ahmedabad rather than Mumbai or Kolkata, and represent a world not of cosmopolitan elites but lower middle-class protagonists struggling to learn English. These works represent aspiration as the new sensibility of English literature in India.
Dreamscape and the Carnivalesque:
Authors: Haider Nakibuddin
Published: June 2023

William Shakespeare’s tragicomedy The Tempest and Terry Gilliam’s surrealistic film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus are narratives that uphold the role of the magician/shaman in relation to art and contemporary culture. By exploring the intertextual connections between the texts, the similarities of such concepts as the Bakhtinian ‘carnivalesque’ and ‘dialogism in language’ across widely displaced literary narratives can be found. Most notably, the concept of the Bakhtinian ‘carnivalesque,’ as it exists in literature and language, is explored through the psychological ‘dreamscape’ as they are presented in Prospero’s Island and the eponymous Parnassus’ ‘Imaginarium’ By equating the dreamscape with the carnivalesque we are able to develop on the Bakhtinian notion of novelistic discourse and the role of the author as an arena or miseen-scène for dialogue. The paper analyzes the role of masks in both texts as it relates to Bakhtin’s concept, and attempts to trace the thematic and archetypal elements of the narrative which have been reinterpreted. Bakhtin and Kristeva’s proposal of a dialogic relationship between texts is traced between the playwright Shakespeare and the filmmaker Gilliam in this paper.
A Rhetoric of Decency:
Authors: Rabbi Shakil
Published: June 2023

Theorists of writing have called for it “to be placed within the different practices that actualize the mental process” (Clark & Ivanic ̌93). In my presentation I will look at the writings of George Orwell to articulate a textual understanding of writing as placed within different practices that actualize the mental process. I will especially present an analysis of the term decency as occupying a central place in Orwell’s writings about Spain, shuttling between a concept descriptive naming the Spanish character enabling identification for his English audience in Homage to Catalonia to a criticalnormative on which the writer argues for a form of socialism in “Looking Back on the Spanish Civil War.” To make this argument I will look at Orwell’s two published writings on Spain in the context of literacy theory and writing studies scholarship, and situate his overall composition process in terms of the contextual information provided in the letters he wrote in connection to the two works. Subsequently, I will extrapolate my analysis of Orwell’s works to present the theory of literacy as “exquisite circumspection” (Ong) as a necessary corollary to the notion of “recursive thinking process” in writing in terms of a predisposition to continuously inquire and imaginatively translate ideas through the act of writing down based on context and newly emergent goals.
Reforming a Community to Serve the Underserved:
Authors: Aminul Islam Mohammad , Mohiuddin Mohammad Golam
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the impact of an ESP course designed by BRAC Institute of Languages (BIL) for midwives to develop their English language skills, and to develop them professionally. The course is expected to reform midwives, to empower them with English language skills and professional development by taking part in global development. The community then will be able to reduce the maternal as well as newborn mortality in order to increase coverage of quality maternal and neonatal health services. The course is being offered by BRAC Institute of Global Health (BIGH) with the financial support from the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID). The paper shows to what extent an English language course can help midwives in their profession where they sometimes need to interact in English with foreign doctors, write prescriptions, and other official documents in English. The study is carried out among the course teachers with almost the same experiences, exposure, and education, and among course participants with Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) backgrounds. The data and information have been deduced from a questionnaire, focus group discussions with students, and observation of their performance. The paper shows that most of the participants, having limited English language proficiency, have been able to improve their basic English communication skills. It also shows that almost all students can maintain patients’ portfolio, write prescriptions, reports, discharge certificates, and so on in English. They even feel relaxed enough to speak in English when necessary. It is suggested that ESP modules should concentrate on needs assessment to make it more productive and target oriented.
Robert Lowell’s “Benign Possession” in Revisiting Traditions
Authors: Boksh Shanjida Khatun
Published: June 2023

Robert Lowell’s poetry is saturated in intertextuality and returns frequently to contemporary and past authors of many nationalities for deep infusions of strength in poetry that is neither a recapitulation nor a replica, but something new — a new incarnation in an enriched context. Lowell’s experimental attitude towards poetry, seen in his constant revision of various forms of tradition, establishes his professionalism as well as his aspiration to create a distinct position in the literary world. It likewise suggests the lineaments of Lowell, the composite figure of various traditions, whose inner eye looks toward British and European literature while being consciously stimulated by interior matters. Lowell’s imagination treats all of time, place, and person as fluid for his poetry, and recognizes no borders. The capacious cosmopolitanism of Ezra Pound and the Anglo-Americanism of T. S. Eliot were authoritative standards of the high modern poetry that Lowell respected throughout his working life and the two remain in view as separate cases of influence. This paper discusses various influences on Robert Lowell and his poetry as an amalgamation of various traditions which serve to identify his cosmopolitanism.
The Eschatologicality in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry
Authors: Hafijur Rahman Md.
Published: June 2023

Emily Dickinson’s artistic self was an outcome of the Calvinist branch of mainstream Christianity and her intellectual descent from eschatological people, the seventeenth century, New England Puritans. This spiritual backdrop along with some elementary ecclesiastical propensity of her New England pedigree contributed to her work. One of those pre dispositions was to scrutinize everything underneath the shadow of the end of life. The sense of end characterizes Dickinson’s eschatological sensibility. Dickinson’s poems loom large with images like death, darkness, destruction, dissolution, doomsday, Day of Judgment, and the like. Since the study of eschatologicality is crucial in understanding Dickenson’s poems, the aim of this paper is to analyze different aspects of eschatologicality in Dickinson’s poems.
The Question of “Female Gaze”:
Authors: Susmita Farhana
Published: June 2023

This paper problematizes the issue of an “active female gaze” as opposed to the passive one determined by the dominant ideological system that produces an “active male gaze” in narratives of cinema and advertisements. In mainstream cinema as well as the advertisement industry, usually the story is rendered from an essentially male perspective, regardless of the narrator’s being male or female. It is so even when the subject matter is related to issues that directly concern women like the repression of their desires or Lesbianism, for instance. Using some of the key ideas propounded by British film critic Laura Mulvey, the paper examines some of the texts from both cinema and the advertisement industry to find out the complex mechanism of the “male gaze.” It also attempts to explore the possibility of a “female gaze” that might, if achieved, give new dimensions to both forms of entertainment.
Linguistic Imperialism Revisited:
Authors: Shams Shaila
Published: June 2023

English language has gained the status of being the lingua franca of today’s world. It enjoys more privileges in the territories which used to be under British rule. Bangladesh, being one such postcolonial country, emphasizes the role and importance of the English language in its education system and society. In spite of Bangla being the state language, English enjoys the privilege of being the dominant language in major domains such as education. The results of the national examinations, where the reason for failure for most of the students is lack of competence in English, only asserts the importance of English in our education. Therefore, it can be said that this privileged language is pushing Bangla to the threshold, making it a vernacular in a country where majority speaks Bangla. Consequently, it evidently creates “structural and cultural inequalities” (p. 47) within the society as asserted by Phillipson (1992) and reconfirms the notion of linguistic imperialism in the context of Bangladesh. The obvious manifestation of inequality created by the role of English language in the education system can be observed in the three mediums of schooling existing in Bangladesh which ultimately produces three categories of citizens for the country. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the current role of English in Bangladeshi education and society, and also intends to explore linguistic imperialism in 21st century Bangladesh. The paper will consider views from both proponents and critics of linguistic imperialism. It will try to come up with an answer regarding the relevance of linguistic imperialism and whether this notion should have a preference or not in this age of globalization.
Editorial Note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

The editorial team aims to disseminate this journal as widely as possible and itis hoped that the launch of this issue at the international conference will supportthat endeavor.
Ravished Angels:
Authors: Mitra Chaiti
Published: June 2023

In the ideology of the British Raj, the “civilized” and “refined” Englishwoman, in sharp contrast to the veiled and “degraded” Indian woman in need of rescue, was seen as a marker of British superiority. The memsahib or the colonial Englishwoman out on her “civilizing mission” has been considerably visible in Indian cinema…
No Sushi Recipe for a Japanese Story:
Authors: Ray Tirna
Published: June 2023

In 2011, when Sam Anderson landed in Tokyo, he floundered, grappled, lost his way and was shocked to find no English speakers to help him around. He was on his way to interview the well-known Japanese writer, Haruki Murakami and, well, he was very late for the appointment…
Subversion or Subservience?
Authors: Bashar Farhana Zareen
Published: June 2023

Postcolonial literature is supposed to be a battleground on which an active pursuit of decolonization should continue in every possible way. African literature written in the language of the Empire does not appear to be completely anticolonial. Ngugi wa Thiong’o feels a need for linguistic decolonization of African literature. According to him, African literature manifests the domination of the Empire by using their language. He classifies the works of Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka as Afro-European literature. But is taking up the language the same as accepting the standards of the colonizer? The language question has many implications, especially when it comes to African literature. We see that Achebe attempts to decentralize control over language by extensively modifying it. My paper examines how the Nigerian authors Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka have developed their own written English vernacular codes and the way they Nigerianize their texts using pidgin English in their dialogue—the English that is actually used by some Nigerians. My paper also shows that there are other manifestations of imperial domination apart from the linguistic hegemony in African literature. The English of the Empire has been domesticated by Achebe and it has effectively become the language of literary expression, but a preference for the White Man’s codes and customs is seen in sociocultural settings. There was cultural domination in the country, which is still at work in present day Nigeria. My paper shows that the domestication of the English language is able to carry the weight of the African culture, but these authors point out that internal indigenous structures are flawed and these deficiencies allow the apparently dead seeds of hegemony to germinate all over again in native soil. So, in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s words, the decolonization of the mind has not yet taken place. In this paper I include my personal experiences of and interactions with the westernized Nigerian and their apparent Afro-European lifestyle. The years I have spent in Nigeria have brought me in contact with the westernized educated Igbos and Yorubas of the South, and my description of their day-to-day tendencies explicitly show that there is a serious imperial effect deeply rooted in the Nigerians.
Satyajit Ray’s Ganashatru:
Authors: Biswas Anik
Published: June 2023

Roman Jakobson categorizes translation work into three dimensions: intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic. The third one includes the idea of film adaptation based on a literary text. But there is no appropriate censor of determining how much liberty one screenwriter can enjoy in converting the source text into film. The discussion deserves particular attention if we consider Satyajit Ray’s Ganashatru, a film based on Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People. In the film, Ray has added a lot of new elements and implemented a lot of changes. In particular, the film ends with a realization by Dr. Ashok Gupta that he is not alone at all while The Enemy of the People ends with the admiration of loneliness. As Ray changes one of the most striking themes of Ibsen’s text, the comparison between the source text and the film becomes significant with regards to translation. The present study throws light on the transformation of Dr. Stockmann to Dr. Ashok Gupta with all his surroundings including culture, time as well as history and an approach on how Ray’s Ganashatru handles the gap between two distinct cultures and timeframes. It also includes an analysis of how Ganashatru with all its changes from the source text has become an excellent intersemiotic translation to the audience of the Indian subcontinent.
Conflict between the Individual and Society in The Scarlet Letter
Authors: Gupta Leema Sen
Published: June 2023

The Scarlet Letter can be considered a story of neverending conflict between the individual and society. Here individuality is being downtrodden by the society in the name of Puritanism where religion and law are identical to one another. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl are struggling to find their identities against the harsh Puritan society. The aim of this paper is to show how hypocritical the Puritan society is in applying their ethics when they themselves do not follow it and how the instinctive nature of the soul of the individual has been shattered by the iron grasp of Puritanism. This paper is also an attempt to show that, in spite of all the efforts of the Puritan society, individuals find a way to uphold their mental freedom and thus defeat the society.
Preferences and Problems in Feedback Techniques of Bangladeshi Tertiary Level Students
Authors: Mohiuddin Munzerin , Sultana Asifa
Published: June 2023

The study attempts to find out the preferences of students for different feedback strategies in writing, their views about the implementation and usefulness of the existing feedback practice, and their problems and expectations from it. Feedback in writing is a vital act for its development where the perception of the students is important. It is hypothesized that students have certain preferences, problems, and suggestions for the improvement of feedback. A group of 50 students of tertiary level from one institution who experiences the same feedback strategies were surveyed online for the research. The hypothesis is found to be strongly supported by the findings and discussion with a number of implications. The research concludes by indicating its benefits and giving directions for further study.
Front Matter
Authors: Front Matter
Published: June 2023

CrossingsA JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIESDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolume 7 | December 2016 | ISSN 2071-1107
Go Set a Watchman:
Authors: Manzoor Sohana
Published: June 2023

The publication of Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman caused a huge uproar in 2015. The critics and readers alike debated whether the author was coerced into publishing the novel which should not have seen the light at all. Some wailed over the loss of their hero Atticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird (hereafter, TKAM) who, from a cultural hero, seems to have turned into a bigot at old age. When I took up my pen to compose this review, I kept on wondering if it was necessary to write another one. But then I am reading it from a different world with this gnawing feeling that it could not have been published at a more perfect time, when the entire world is engulfed in meaningless terrorist activities, in bigotry.
Subaltern of the Subalterns:
Authors: Chowdhury Sanjida
Published: June 2023

In India the complex social structure demands that it be divided into heterogeneous classes. This division produces class discrimination as well as caste discrimination. The latter has been institutionalized in the name of religion; and the upper castes, using religious dogma, assume hegemonial power to exploit the lower castes to suppress them economically, socially, and politically. Mulk Raj Anand has shown the pathetic condition of the outcaste/ untouchable in colonial India where the whole of India is subjugated to their colonizers, and because of the division and subdivision, the lower castes are subjugated at the hands of the upper caste Hindus. The condition of the untouchables cannot be recognized by generalizing them as subalterns; rather they demand a critical study beyond the accepted notion regarding the synonymous use of “people” and “subaltern.” This paper argues the possibility of reviewing the untouchables in a double subalternized position in the context of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable.
Conor McPherson’s The Seafarer:
Authors: Manzoor Sohana
Published: June 2023

The devil claiming a human soul is no more an unusual theme in today’s literary world. And yet, when Conor McPherson made his national theater debut in 2006 with The Seafarer, he caused a stir, and the next year he took the Broadways in a similar fashion. During the same time, Clare Wallace noticed that McPherson’s on-stage feat made him popular with the audience and the “scholarly response has been a good deal more sluggish,” even when he employs the quintessentially Irish storytelling tradition, infusing it with modern theater’s “disruption of illusionism” (1). Now a more critically acclaimed playwright, McPherson calls his work “a fable about a struggle for redemption.” What makes Conor McPherson’s Seafarer an impressive feat is the epic or folkloric touch it provides to an otherwise ordinary modern day tale of crazy drunkenness and bawdy activities of some coastal town Irishmen. This paper attempts to read McPherson’s play in the light of the Old English poem The Seafarer translated by Richard Hamer (used by McPherson). It is an exploration of the playwright’s use of the Faustian and Christian elements and fusing them with the age-old Irish spirit of adventure to emphasize and extend a simple story of two brothers, Irish drunkenness, and Christmas magic into a complex tale of philosophical and psychological drama in the modern world.
Peer Conversation for Developing Speaking Skills:
Authors: Ahmmed Raju
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to examine whether peer conversation in English improves speaking skills. The study also aims at finding how frequently students practice speaking in English with their peers. The data was collected from fifty participants (second year to Masters students) from an English Department at a public university. The data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire and analyzed through a quantitative research method. The collected data reveals that conversing with peers is a very effective way of improving speaking skills. The study also reveals that students who practice English conversation regularly are able to develop their speaking skills day by day. Besides, peer interaction is also helping them to be confident and to feel at ease while speaking in a public place or facing a viva voce. The study also shows that students are learning to choose the best words and express their feelings and attitudes more clearly through peer conversation.
Impact of World War I on the Language and Identity of German Australians
Authors: Saha Sumona Rani
Published: June 2023

The motives that drove German immigration to Australia in the 1830s were essentially religious, economic, political, and social. Though shifted to another country, German Australians maintained strong ties with their German heritage up until World War I. But the reversal of this situation began with the rising tension between the British and the German Empire on the eve of the First World War. It is evident from a church periodical titled The Australian Lutheran, published from 1913 to 1921, that there was a dramatic language shift from German to English in the Australian Lutheran church as severe anti-German attitudes developed among the Australian people during the war. This anti-German attitude affected religious as well as cultural and ethnic identities of the German Australian community. This paper aims at exploring how the First World War impacted the language choice of the German Australian community in Australia and consequently how it crippled their identity.
Note to Contributors
Authors: Note to contributors
Published: June 2023

Crossings: A Journal of English StudiesVolume 8 | Summer 2017 | ISSN 2071–1107
Tragic Displacements in the Pursuit of a Sign:
Authors: Alqadumi Emad A.
Published: June 2023

This essay seeks to shed light on the process of producing knowledge on a sign in language called “tragedy.” It attempts to illustrate how the knowledge produced on “tragedy” is nothing but a tragic redeployment of disparate material. Like any other sign in language, including words such as “scholar,” “critic,” “academy,” “university,” and even “knowledge,” the “word” tragedy can mean whatever a community wants it to mean; it can be defined and redefined interminably. As this essay demonstrates, the narrative produced on “tragedy” under the guise of knowledge is mainly based on a sterile process of displacing formerly produced narratives, knowledge, from one cultural boundary to another. The process of displacement occurs at the level of word, paragraph, book, institution, and so on. Given this fact, the pursuit of the meaning of “tragedy” becomes ceaseless, inaccessible, and perilous, as the process may involve economic exploitation and ideological subjection. Because the totality of the existing process of displacement is not visible for the class of critics, professors, scholars, or thinkers, this essay regards them as a class of displaced monks conducting their rituals of displacing narratives on “tragedy” in the modern monasteries conservatively referred to as universities.
Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel:
Authors: Habibullah Md.
Published: June 2023

Since the composition of the drama The Lion and the Jewel in 1959 by Wole Soyinka, critics have been intrigued regarding its contribution to postcolonial and anglophone African literature but the objective of this article is to illustrate the drama as an allegory of imperial resistance with various theoretical approaches. The study delves into exploring how a counter-discourse is created against the discourse of racism and dominance of the imperialist. The paper deals with the unprecedented forms of psychological resistance from the colonized people. It also foregrounds an “ideological resistance” in the drama against Eurocentric politico-cultural hegemonizing and hybridizing effort. Thus, the paper argues that the drama conveys the imperial resistance through counterdiscourse, psychoanalytical approach, and ideological resistance through syncreticism, and consequently, the drama has been a metaphor for all “marginalized voices” in the postcolonial world.
Anzaldua’s Borderlands/La Frontera:
Authors: Islam Sonika
Published: June 2023

Poststructuralist theorist Derrida urges a need to break the binary positions in phallogocentric narratives. Following his idea, poststructuralist feminists like Julia Kristeva and Hélène Cixous also say that women need to be themselves while writing so that they are free from the phallogocentric influence. They also say that female authors write in a way to deconstruct the male narratives of history, religion, language, and even identity. Another poststructuralist theorist Judith Butler clarifies that to deconstruct does not mean to dismiss the previous meaning but to question that meaning. Gloria Anzaldua’s text Borderlands/La Frontera (1987) is used in this paper to explore how her book is a reflection of the multifaceted identity of a colonized people like Chicana natives. In this book, Anzaldua mingles genres and languages to delineate how the colonized and colonizing cultures blur at a point and become a means to celebrate. This paper attempts to show how Anzaldua is not only deconstructing the binary opposition found in phallogocentric narratives but also recreating new narratives which are both feminine and masculine.
The Implicit Cultural Policies of US Late-night Comedy Shows
Authors: Khan Towhidul Islam
Published: June 2023

This paper argues how comedy is used as an implicit tool by US late-night shows to create an informed citizenry. It explores how late-night shows have transcended its original format to emerge as an alternative form of journalism and realized its potential to disseminate political knowledge and debunk political lies through the framework of a cultural entity. These shows successfully package humor as information shortcuts, making it easier to remember facts and leaving a greater lasting impact on both media-savvy and informationally-ignorant audiences. The effectiveness of these shows is strengthened as the use of comedy provides instant gratification, compared to a delayed gratification provided by other hard news sources. This paper further discusses weaknesses of such shows by exploring whether the political allegiance and self-selective set of knowledge of its audience influences the outcome of the viewing. It also argues that US late-night shows create a political/cultural laicity through the use of laughter.
History, Location, and the Poetic Consciousness in Kaiser Haq’s Poetry
Authors: Siddique Rumana
Published: June 2023

South Asian poetry in English comprises an amalgamation of Western literary traditions and an ambiguity regarding the poet’s location that subsequently stirs up questions regarding identity. Both these features can be attributed to the relationship between the poet and the use of English language as opposed to his/her mother tongue. The syncretism and hybridity that occurs as a result of cultural clashes and convergences has become increasingly apparent in identity formation in today’s diasporic world. However, for those South Asian poets writing in English and borrowing from Western traditions, who can neither be identified as migrants or exiles, anxieties of identity and belonging have been a marked feature of their work. Most of these South Asian poets, despite displaying a strong sense of belonging to their national cultures, also exhibit a global heterogeneity in their identity due to the multiple affiliations that define their cultural consciousness. This paper attempts to explore the poetry of one of the major South Asian poets, Kaiser Haq, who has not only established himself as the leading Bangladeshi poet writing in English but has also carved a niche for himself as a recognized international poet. Like most other poets writing in English from the Indian subcontinent, Haq carries the burden of a colonial inheritance and his work has been and is subject to innumerable labels such as Commonwealth literature, postcolonial poetry, sub-continental poetry, etc. He defends his use of English as the medium of his poetry as a unifying force in fusing the disparate parts of his Bengali psyche. However, in his work, when placed within the context of national identification, there seems to be a refusal to limit “location” within national boundaries and yet there is a continual return to Bangladesh which remains an underlying presence in his poetry. This study focuses on how the perceptions of history and location have impacted and contributed to the identity and creative consciousness that articulates Kaiser Haq’s poetry.
Editorial Note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGSA Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts BangladeshVolume 9 | 2018 | ISSN 2071–1107
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN USAHA DALAM MENINGKATKAN USAHA UMKM KULINER
Authors: Rahmi Mira
Published: June 2023

Jumlah Usaha Mikro Kecil serta Menengah (UMKM) ialah bagian yang besar dari pelaksana ekonomi secara totalitas. Tetapi pertumbuhan UMKM yang berkaitan dengan kemajuan teknologiÂ  masih belum sesuai harapan. Proporsi UMKM yang memakai penjualan online masih rendah. Perihal itu diakibatkan oleh masih banyak UMKM yang belum memahami secara teknis tatacara penjualan online. Tujuan dari kegiatanÂ  iniÂ  adalah untuk mengembangkanÂ  keahlian UMKM dalam manajemen secara universal,pemasaran digitalÂ  dan pencatatan keuangan. Pengembangan dan peningkatan yang dilakukan berupa pengembangan ketrampilan pembuatan perencanaan pemasaran, pemasaran digital dan pemahaman pencatatan keuanganÂ  sehingga dapat berguna dalam mengembangkan usaha yang akan dijalankan di kemudian hari. Partisipan pelatihan sebanyak 34 usaha mikro, sebagian besar merupakan usaha kuliner yang diberi pelatihan manajemen yang mereka butuhkan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari aktivitas ini merupakan terjadinya mitra binaan kuliner yang lebih maju dalam pengelolaan serta penjualan produk secara online.
PENYULUHAN PENGENALAN ANTI FRAUD BAGI SISWA/I SMA DAN SMK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TINDAKAN KECURANGAN
Authors: Ersyafdi Ilham Ramadhan , Aryani Habsyah Fitri , Fauziyyah Nurul
Published: June 2023

This paper is a paper written based on the results of the implementation of Community Service for 190 students and several teachers at SMA Muhammadiyah 23 Jakarta and SMK Bina Harapan Ciseeng. The aim of this socialization is to provide an understanding of the various acts of fraud, dangers, and losses due to fraud. Moreover, students are able to instill anti-fraud character and attitude since school. In the implementation of this Community Service, there is a pre-test to find out studentsâ€™ level of knowledge about fraud and the materials were delivered by andragogy method, which is a combination of lecture, discussion, and question and answer methods. Thus, the activity ended with a documentation session and providing souvenirs for the best questioners and answerers. The results obtained are that the term â€œfraudâ€ and the level of understanding about fraud are still not familiar enough among these students so that through this activity it is hoped that they will be able to think and act ethically and help reduce, prevent, and eradicate fraud in the future.
From literature to eternity
Authors: Habibbayli Isa
Published: June 2023

The article discusses scientific, literary and cultural relations of Azerbaijan with Uzbekistan. Outstanding personalities as Ibn Sina, Kharazmi, Bukhari, Ulugbey are highly respected in Azerbaijan. The works by Nizami Ganjavi, Khagani, Nasimi and Mahammad Fuzuli have been published with large circulation.in Uzbekistan. Alisher Navoi's manuscripts are kept and studied at the Institute of Manuscripts named after Mahammad Fuzuli of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. The Azerbaijani thinker Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh continued the traditions of Hamza Hakimzadeh Niyazi in Uzbekistan. Molla Nasreddin magazine, published by Mammadguluzadeh, had a large number of readerships in Uzbekistan. There are creative relations between Azerbaijani and Uzbek writers and poets. These relations have expanded in the Independence period.
Maternidad, heráldica y poder. Las matriarcas bíblicas y las reinas capetas en el siglo XIII
Authors: Murcia Nicolas Fuensanta
Published: June 2023

This article analyses the use of the figure of Saint Anne and other biblical matriarchs for the promotion of Capetian Queens in the 13th century. The most interesting and precedent-setting case is that of Blanche of Castile (1188-1252), who used the great women of Sacred History to justify her position as regent and royal advisor. Her successors, Margaret of Provence (1221 - 1295) and Mary of Brabant (1254 - 1322), would continue the pattern of equating the lineages of the Kings of Israel and the Capet from a female point of view. The origin and evolution of this new image of power, and how motherhood and heraldry became its central themes, will be explored through the study of iconographic programmes, mainly present in their devotional books.

El presente artículo analiza el uso de la figura de Santa Ana y otras matriarcas bíblicas para la promoción de las reinas capetas en el siglo XIII. El caso más interesante, y que marcará un precedente, es el de Blanca de Castilla (1188 – 1252), la cual usará a las grandes mujeres de la historia sagrada para justificar su posición de regente y consejera real. Sus sucesoras, Margarita de Provenza (1221 - 1295) y María de Brabante (1254 - 1322), continuarán con la pauta de equiparar los linajes de los reyes de Israel y el capeto desde un punto de vista femenino. A través del estudio de los programas iconográficos, presentes principalmente en sus libros devocionales, se abordará el origen y la evolución de esta nueva imagen del poder, y de cómo la maternidad y la heráldica se convertirán en sus ejes fundamentales.
Figural graffiti from the basilica of St. Philoxenos at Oxyrhynus (El-Bahnasa, Egypt)
Authors: Martínez García José Javier , Mascia Leah
Published: June 2023

Oxirrinco representa un asentamiento clave para la comprensión de los fenómenos de continuidad y transformación en la larga transición al cristianismo. La importancia de esta ciudad y de su panorama religioso incluso después de la conquista islámica queda atestiguada por la riqueza de los testimonios textuales y arqueológicos desenterrados a lo largo de más de un siglo de investigaciones arqueológicas. Nuevos testimonios esenciales son ofrecidos por las investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde 2013 por la Misión de la Universidad de Barcelona en el área de un complejo cristiano (Sector 24), ha permitido descubrir un rico corpus de graffiti figurados y textuales. Algunas de estas evidencias se encontraron pintadas o dibujadas sobre los bloques de piedra, que se encontraban entre los materiales arquitectónicos que formaban el estrato de relleno del expolio de la cripta de este edificio religioso. Tras una breve introducción a la historia del yacimiento y del mencionado complejo cristiano, la presente contribución ofrecerá una visión general de un grupo de grafitos figurados aquí descubiertos. Su examen a la luz de las fuentes textuales y arqueológicas que ofrece este asentamiento y considerando los paralelismos que ofrecen otros espacios cultuales contemporáneos permitirá vislumbrar el trasfondo social y cultual de los devotos que visitaban el lugar sagrado y dejaban la huella de su paso en los muros de este santuario.

Oxyrhynchus represents a key settlement for understanding the phenomena of continuity and transformation in the long transition to Christianity. The importance of this city and its religious panorama even after the Islamic conquest is testified by the wealth of textual and archaeological evidence unearthed over more than one century of archaeological investigations. New essential testimonies are offered by the excavations carried out since 2013 by the Mission of the University of Barcelona within the area of a Christian religious complex (Sector 24), which has led to the discovery of a rich corpus of figural and textual graffiti. Some of this evidence was found painted or scratched on stone slabs, which were probably used in antiquity to seal the underground galleries of this religious building. After a brief introduction to the history of the site and the aforementioned Christian complex, the present contribution will offer an overview of a group of figural graffiti discovered in this area. Their examination in light of the textual and archaeological sources offered by this settlement and considering the parallels provided by other contemporary cultic spaces will offer some glimpses into the social and cultic background of the devotees visiting the holy site and leaving a trace of their passage on the walls of this sanctuary.
Managing Turn-Taking in Human-Robot Interactions
Authors: Majlesi Ali Reza , Cumbal Ronald , Engwall Olov , Gillet Sarah , Kunitz Silvia , Lymer Gustav , Norrby Catrin , Tuncer Sylvaine
Published: June 2023

This study deals with turn-taking in human-robot interactions (HRI). Based on 15 sessions of video-recorded interactions between pairs of human participants and a social robot called Furhat, we explore how human participants orient to violations of the normative order of turn-taking in social interaction and how they handle those violations. As a case in point, we present sequences of HRI to show particular features of turn-taking with the robot and also how the robot may fail to respond to the human participants’ bid to take a turn. In these sequences, the participants either complete the turn in progress and ignore the overlap caused by the robot’s continuation of its turn, or they cut short their own turn and restart in the next possible turn-transition place. In all cases in our data, the overlaps and failed smooth turn-transitions are oriented to as accountable and in some sense interactionally problematic. The results of the study point not only to improvables in robot engineering, but also to routine practices of projection and the ways in which human subjects orient toward normative expectations of ordinary social interactions, even when conversing with a robot.
КРИТЕРИЈУМИ ВАСПИТАЧА ПРИЛИКОМ ИЗБОРА ТЕКСТОВА КОЈИ СУ У ФУНКЦИЈИ УСВАЈАЊА МАТЕМАТИЧКИХ САДРЖАЈА
Authors: Скакавац Наташа , Драшковић Милица
Published: June 2023

Активности које се са дјецом реализују у вртићима спроводе се кроз центре интересовања. Број центара у којима дјеца могу да бораве у току дана је раз- личит и зависи од циљева предвиђених за реализацију, као и од садржаја које су васпитачи/васпитачице осмислили/осмислиле. У оквиру ових центара су и центар за језик, као и за математику. Кроз њих дјеца усвајају основне језичке и математичке садржаје. На овом узрасту не постоје предложени текстови, као ни јасно дефинисани критеријуми за избор текстова који ће се читати, већ васпитачи имају потпуну слободу при избору текстова. Циљ нашег истра- живања био је утврђивање критеријума на основу којих васпитачи врше из- бор текстова који су у функцији усвајања почетних математичких садржаја. Истраживање је квантитативног типа и као инструмент смо користили анкетни упитник са питањима отвореног и затвореног типа. Анкетирањем је обухваћен узорак од 90 васпитача који су попунили онлајн верзију упитника. Резултати истраживања показују нам да су критеријуми за избор текстова разноврсни и да зависе од личних афинитета васпитача. Препоруке након овог истраживања односиле би се на дефинисање јасних критеријума којима би се васпитачи водили приликом избора текстова који су у функцији усвајања почетних математичких садржаја.
Objectification of Semantic Constants in a Precedent Text ("My Little Leniniana" by Venedikt Yerofeyev)
Authors: Bezrukov Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: June 2023

The work of Venedikt Yerofeyev has been adequately studied and interpreted, however, there are still a number of texts that have not been practically studied in the mass of critical sources. One of the precedent constructs, an original and self-sufficient work is "My Little Leniniana" (1988). Therefore, the expediency of studying this text is motivated, in demand and relevant. The article attempts a holistic perception of "My little Leniniana" Veins. Erofeev from the standpoint of identifying a precedent construct in this work. The citation character, in our opinion, speaks of the author's desire not only to formally combine the text nominations from the writings, letters, diaries of V.I. Lenin, but to achieve the effect of immanent objectification of a new meaning. The main subject of the analysis of the work is the design features of "My little Leniniana" Veins. Erofeev, deciphering the mechanism of artistic writing, evaluation of the semantic facets of the work. The precedent text of the Ven. Erofeev becomes a point of concretization of the main cultural and historical dogmas, while the dynamics of semantic constants is mobile with the passage of historical time. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that "My Little Leniniana" by Venedikt Erofeev is considered as a precedent text formed from quotation constructs, however, having other semantic facets different from the original source. The simulation of the game, the simulation of spatial and temporal landmarks, the simulation of a reliable truth under the influence of what someone has already said levels the image of the author, he becomes a textural scriptwriter, creating a kind of palimpsest. The subjective organization of the Erofeev palimpsest is structured in such a way that the transition from a temporal beginning, a spatial point, a quotation following the "author" is carried out to stronger and immanent propositions. Venedikt Yerofeyev prophetically outlined in his "Little Leniniana" the contours of the changes of the late twentieth century on the textured, precedent material of the late XIX – early XX century.