bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Hand Eczema among Cement users in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Sabina , Murarka Rohit , Mishra Sumed , Nepal Astha , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2017

Background: Occupational dermatitis among cement workers is a major occupational health concern and skin contact with cement has been associated with contact dermatitis, which ranges from cement burns to cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of occupational cement contact dermatitis amongst cement workers in Nepal which is the first of its kind. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study amongst patients in construction site and hardware shops within the Kathmandu valley were selected. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the demographic data and work-related activities of these cement workers. A complete skin examination was conducted and skin manifestations were assessed by a dermatologist. The data collected was compiled and appropriate statistical tools was used to find out the significance of variables. Result: Out of the total number of workers screened 164/377 (43.50%) had hand contact dermatitis. There were males 148(90.2%) and females16 (9.8%) and the age ranged from 15-51 years ( mean 27.41± 7.68 years).The duration of the disease ranged from 1-360 months (median 36months (IQR=60).The most common site of lesion was palms (62.8%) followed by tip of the fingers in 39.0% patients and the most common morphology of the lesion was erythema seen in 59.1% followed by scaling seen in 51.8 % patients. Conclusion: The issue of contact and irritant hand eczema amongst cement workers in Nepal has had a considerable morbidity. Identification of these patients with adequate treatment, test of the suspected allergens and counseling could further help the patients involved.
A study on morbidity profile of lignite miners in western India
Authors: Nandi Subroto , Dhatrak Sarang V , Chaterjee Debasis M , Dhumne Umesh L , Ingole Shilpa V
Published: February 2017

Background: Mining is a hazardous occupation in which workers are exposed to adverse conditions. In India, there are nine working lignite mines, producing about 30 million tons annually. The mines are located in the states of Tamilnadu, Rajasthan and Gujrat. Objective: The present study was carried out in a lignite mine in India to determine the health status of the miners.  Methods: 143 workers engaged actively in mining activities were included. The health status of the employees was evaluated by well defined medical questionnaire along with pulmonary function test (PFT) and Audiometry. Result: Findings of the study showed poor literacy rate amongst the miners. Pulmonary impairment was present in 11.88% and noise induced hearing impairment in about 12.15% of the miners. Conclusion: The study findings indicate the need for regular health checkups, health education, personal protective devices and engineering control.
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment: Lessons Learned 40 Years Later
Authors: Simpson Wayne , Mason Greg , Godwin Ryan
Published: February 2017

The recent announcements of the Ontario Basic Income Pilot and Finland's cash grants to jobless persons reflect the growing interest in some form of guaranteed annual income (GAI). This idea has circulated for decades and has now been revived, no doubt prompted by concerns of increased inequality and employment disruptions. The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of GAI. This article reviews that experiment, clarifying what exactly Mincome did and did not learn about how individuals and households reacted to the income guarantees. This article reviews the potential for Mincome to answer questions about modern-day income experiments and describes how researchers may access these valuable data.
Equity of Bikeway Distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Authors: Wang Jueyu , Lindsey Greg
Published: February 2017

Governments and nonprofit organizations are investing in the bicycling infrastructure. However, the benefits of the bicycling infrastructure have not always been distributed equally among neighborhoods, and the equity of the distribution has been a major concern. This study used two measures, the Gini coefficient and the loss of accessibility to jobs via bikeways, to assess both the horizontal and the vertical equity of the bicycling infrastructure's distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Gini coefficients, calculated from Lorenz curves, provide a single flexible measure that allows comparisons within and between groups. Determination of accessibility to jobs via lower-stress bikeway and street networks allows the levels of connectivity via bikeways to be compared for different groups. Minneapolis is making substantial investments in the bicycling infrastructure and was used as a case study because data with which to assess changes in equity over time are available. With use of the block group as the unit of analysis, systemwide analyses of the distribution of bikeways relative to the locations of the population and total employment revealed increases in equity from 2010 to 2014. Comparison of Gini coefficients for all bicycling facilities among different subpopulations demonstrated horizontal inequities within each subgroup as well as indicators of vertical equity for various disadvantaged subgroups. The Gini coefficients revealed inequities in the distribution of urban trails for disadvantaged subpopulations. With the use of 3-mi network buffers, a bikeway penalty, calculated as the loss of job accessibility resulting from the choice to rely on a bikeway rather than on street networks, demonstrated a vertical equity for disadvantaged subgroups. These measures can be used to inform planning for and investments in bicycling facilities and to assess and compare the bicycling infrastructures of cities.
Understanding the Trade-Off Between Maximum Passenger Throughput and Airline Equity in Allocating Capacity Under Severe Weather Conditions
Authors: Jayam Harika , Nozick Linda K.
Published: February 2017

When the capacity at an airport is reduced because of weather conditions, a ground delay program (GDP) is implemented to resolve the discrepancy between demand for arrival slots and the available arrival slots on a given day. GDPs currently ration the available arrival slots via the proportion of arrivals that exist in the schedule by airline (this practice is termed ration by schedule) with an emphasis on equity among the airlines. Existing rationing schemes do not explicitly consider the number of passengers delayed. This study examined the passenger impacts of a focus on seat throughput in reduced capacity conditions for a GDP at a single airport with consideration for airline equity. An optimization model was developed by using the number of seats available in an aircraft as a proxy for number of passengers and an equity term to estimate airline equity implications. A comparison of the current GDP rationing scheme with one focused on seat delay showed that with no change in the total flight delay time periods, passenger throughput could be improved with a threshold placed on equity. The trade-off between airline equity and passenger throughput and the implications of these results are discussed.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Traffic Analysis: Methodological Framework for Automated Multivehicle Trajectory Extraction
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arsalan , Ectors Wim , Bellemans Tom , Janssens Davy , Wets Geert
Published: February 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, are one of the most dynamic and multidimensional emerging technologies of the modern era. This technology has recently found multiple potential applications within the transportation field, ranging from traffic surveillance applications to traffic network analysis. To conduct a UAV-based traffic study, extremely diligent planning and execution are required followed by an optimal data analysis and interpretation procedure. In this study, however, the main focus was on the processing and analysis of UAV-acquired traffic footage. A detailed methodological framework for automated UAV video processing is proposed to extract the trajectories of multiple vehicles at a particular road segment. Such trajectories can be used either to extract various traffic parameters or to analyze traffic safety situations. The proposed framework, which provides comprehensive guidelines for an efficient processing and analysis of a UAV-based traffic study, comprises five components: preprocessing, stabilization, georegistration, vehicle detection and tracking, and trajectory management. Until recently, most traffic-focused UAV studies have employed either manual or semiautomatic processing techniques. In contrast, this paper presents an in-depth description of the proposed automated framework followed by a description of a field experiment conducted in the city of Sint-Truiden, Belgium. Future research will mainly focus on the extension of the applications of the proposed framework in the context of UAV-based traffic monitoring and analysis.
Airport Features Most Likely to Affect International Traveler Satisfaction
Authors: Smahel Thomas
Published: February 2017

The number of international travelers traveling through U.S. airports is increasing because of the proliferation of longer-range aircraft, expanding global alliances, and a growing middle class from developing nations. Each international airport has a unique design, and many international travelers experience difficulty finding their way in unfamiliar airports. The wayfinding task is made more difficult when combined with other factors such as traveler anxiety, jet lag, and unfamiliarity with the local language and culture. To understand better the challenges faced by international travelers, a literature review, a human factors task analysis, and an international traveler intercept survey were carried out to determine traveler needs, expectations, and key factors that affect traveler satisfaction with an airport. Four traveler surveys were developed and administered to different traveler groups. Surveys were administered at the eight U.S. gateway airports with the most international travelers. Some key findings were as follows: ( a) all traveler groups identified easy wayfinding as being the most important airport feature, with travelers transferring between two flights rating it highest; ( b) in comparison to other traveler groups, arriving travelers rated short walking distance as being much more important than other features; ( c) travelers making a connection between two international flights did not expect that they would need to collect and recheck their bags while in transit; ( d) travelers making a connection between two international flights had the lowest overall satisfaction as compared with the other traveler groups; and ( e) only one-third of travelers making a connection between two international flights had a positive experience with the walking distance between flights.
Evaluating Constructed Aggregate Layers of Working Platforms and Flexible Pavements: Adequacy of In-Place Quality Control and Quality Assurance Techniques
Authors: Kazmee Hasan , Tutumluer Erol , Beshears Sheila
Published: February 2017

Quality assurance is extremely important for satisfactory end performance of a constructed pavement. Traditional quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) procedures based on volumetric and surface property checks are becoming outdated when used for constructing pavement foundation layers and ensuring pavement longevity. Recent emphasis in QC/QA procedures has shifted from a density-based approach to stiffness- and strength-based approaches with newly adopted advanced technologies. However, the need for QC/QA is often overlooked in the construction of low-volume roads with unbound aggregate layers, which may be built with recycled or out-of-specification materials of marginal quality: both are currently common sustainable practices. This paper summarizes key findings from QC/QA tests performed on full-scale pavement test sections in a recent research study conducted by the Illinois Center for Transportation. The focus of the tests was the validation of material specifications that the Illinois Department of Transportation has recently adopted for large-size unconventional aggregates, known as aggregate subgrade, through accelerated pavement testing. Seven representative aggregate types were used to construct test sections with aggregate subgrade and virgin and recycled capping and subbase layers. Density measurements from a nuclear gauge were collected and routinely contrasted with modulus results from the lightweight deflectometer and soil stiffness gauge (GeoGauge) from the constructed layers. Further, forensic strength assessment was carried out by dynamic cone penetrometer and a variable energy PANDA penetration device. Geoendoscopic imaging, coring, and trenching were also conducted to identify the depth of the water table and the thickness of the as-constructed layer. The PANDA penetrometer results, in conjunction with geoendoscopy, proved to be effective in correlating rutting performances to QC/QA test results.
Influence of Maximum Particle Size, Fines Content, and Dust Ratio on the Behavior of Base and Subbase Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Chaulagai Rabindra , Osouli Abdolreza , Salam Sajjad , Tutumluer Erol , Beshears Sheila , Shoup Heather , Bay Matthew
Published: February 2017

Unbound aggregate base and subbase layers are the main load-bearing layers in a pavement structure. Size and shape properties of these aggregate materials should be controlled to ensure proper workability during construction and improved performance for pavement longevity. The effects of gradation, maximum particle size, fines content (percentage passing the No. 200 sieve), and dust ratio on the quality of aggregates were investigated by performing many soaked California bearing ratio tests on a crushed limestone material. The dust ratio represents the amount of fines content divided by the amount of minus No. 40 sieve material. The dust ratios studied were 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0. Two gradations commonly used in Illinois, with maximum particle sizes of 1 in. and 2 in., were studied to analyze the effect of fines content with respect to maximum particle size in the gradation. A typical range of fines contents (i.e., 5%, 8%, and 12%) was also considered. The results show that the gradation, dust ratio, and fines content should be taken into account in the selection of aggregate properties for stability requirements. Aggregates with larger maximum size particles provide high strength, and they are not affected as much as aggregates with smaller maximum size particles by an increase in fines content. The aggregates with smaller maximum size particles provide lower strength. It was also concluded that samples with a dust ratio of 1.0 do not necessarily result in an aggregate material with low strength.
Ethylene Glycol Accelerated Weathering Test: An Improved, Objective Aggregate Durability Test Method
Authors: van Blerk Petrus G. L. , Fletcher Enrico , Costello Seosamh B. , Henning Theuns F. P.
Published: February 2017

Ethylene glycol has been used extensively by the concrete and road construction industries to identify rock durability issues associated with smectite clay minerals. The presence of these clay minerals is synonymous with rock degradation under normal environmental wetting and drying cycles. However, such historical test methods are predominately based on a subjective visual interpretation, describing the observed degradation of individual rock pieces at fixed time intervals during the soaking process. In addition, some test methods include complex equations with multiple weighting factors applied to nominated degradation descriptors (e.g., spalling, fracture, and disintegration) used to calculate a single durability indicator. This paper describes the development and implementation of an alternative, nonsubjective accelerated weathering test that also uses ethylene glycol. The research included metamorphic and volcanic rock types used extensively in New Zealand for road construction. The greatest benefit of the proposed new test method is the ability to eliminate the subjective visual assessment described in historical test methods and adequately quantify results to specify contractual acceptance and rejection criteria. The test method also shows that good repeatability is possible from duplicate test samples. However, rock quality and quarry production consistency will influence the ability of the test method to report the same “percentage change in fines” over a prolonged test period. This phenomenon was particularly evident with problematic and lower quality rock. The test findings are well supported by observed field performance, thus giving confidence in the new method’s usefulness.
Assessing Origins, Developments and International Relevance of the European Council.
Authors: Telò Mario
Published: February 2017

This article draws the reader’s attention on the increasing relevance of the European Council both within the European construction process and for comparative studies. Firstly, it shows that a long durée approach brings evidences that the European Council represents the legacy of centuries of international multilateral cooperation. Since the ‘Concert of Europe’ a shared diplomatic culture emerged, based on self-restraint, moderation, conflict prevention and settlement, although this was increasingly undermined by soft institutionalisation, hierarchies and rigid alliances. 1945 was a turning point, allowing for enhanced supranational institutionalization, and sovereignty sharing or pooling that gave rise to the foundation of the European communities in 1950 and 1957. However, since 1974, the SEA and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, started a gradual process of integration of the European Council ‒ as the politically leading body ‒ within a mixed and sophisticated institutional system, merging intergovernmental and supranational rules and procedures.

Secondly, in the post-Cold War international context, the European Council is the most relevant comparative issue between the EU and regional organisations developing in other continents. Similarities and diversities are analysed according to the ‘new regionalist’ paradigm. Historical institutionalism proves to be a useful theoretical framework to act as a bridge between EU studies and comparative regional research.
Childlessness intentions of young female researchers in Austria
Authors: Berghammer Caroline , Buber-Ennser Isabella , Prskawetz Alexia
Published: February 2017

According to prior studies, female researchers in Austria exhibit a very high level of childlessness and, consequentially, a low mean number of children. Following up on these studies, we analyse childlessness intentions of young female researchers and compare them to those of other highly educated women in other occupations. We examine factors that are related to female researchers’ intent to stay childless. The analysis is based on a survey of 196 female researchers between the ages of 25 and 45 (with the majority being between age 25 and 34). Results indicate that few young, childless researchers plan a life without children: Only 7% intend to stay childless and most of them want to have two children (66%). Their intentions are strikingly close to those of their highly educated peers in other occupations. We discuss three factors that play a role for childlessness intentions of female researchers: work-related conditions (employment uncertainty and work-family reconciliation), personal career orientation, and partnership context.

Zusammenfassung

Bisherige Studien haben nachgewiesen, dass Wissenschaftlerinnen in Österreich sehr häufig kinderlos bleiben und dass daher ihre mittlere Kinderzahl sehr niedrig liegt. Ausgehend von diesen Studien untersuchen wir intendierte Kinderlosigkeit unter jungen Wissenschaftlerinnen im Vergleich zu ebenfalls höher gebildeten Frauen in anderen Berufen. Des Weiteren analysieren wir Faktoren, die mit gewünschter Kinderlosigkeit von Wissenschaftlerinnen in Zusammenhang stehen. Die Studie basiert auf einer Befragung von 196 Wissenschaftlerinnen im Alter von 25 bis 45 Jahren (die Mehrheit ist 25 bis 34 Jahre alt). Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass nur wenige junge, kinderlose Wissenschaftlerinnen ein Leben ohne Kinder planen: Nur 7% wollen kinderlos bleiben und die meisten wünschen sich zwei Kinder (66%). Ihre gewünschte Kinderzahl ähnelt in hohem Maß jener ihrer hoch gebildeten Vergleichsgruppe außerhalb der Wissenschaft. Wir diskutieren drei Faktoren, die wesentlich für gewünschte Kinderlosigkeit von Wissenschaftlerinnen sind: berufliche Bedingungen (prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse, Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf), persönliche Karriereorientierung und Partnerschaftssituation.
Gendered division of housework in Germany – The role of self-employment, relative resources and gender role orientation
Authors: König Stefanie , Langhauser Marc
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the division of housework within couples in Germany by taking employment status, relative resources and gender role orientation into consideration. We use a large scale primary data collection that deliberately oversampled self-employed and included questions on role orientation. While selfemployment and work autonomy was related to a lower share of housework for men, rather the opposite was true for women. Furthermore, the results indicate that the relative resources and bargaining theory and the time budget approach seem to be less relevant for female self-employed compared to their employed counterparts. Our data allowed for a direct control of the gender role orientation and shed more light on the relationship between relative resources and the share of housework. A traditional role orientation was found to be highly significant for the share of housework for men and women but did not moderate the effect of relative resources. Thereby our study supports the distinct effect of gender role orientation. This can be seen as an important contribution to the ongoing discussion where relative resources are interpreted in the light of gender role orientation.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Aufteilung der Hausarbeit bei Paaren in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung des Berufsstatus, der relativen Ressourcen und der Geschlechterrollenorientierung. Es wird eine umfassende Primärerhebung ausgewertet, die überproportional Selbständige erfasst und Fragen zur Rollenorientierung beinhaltet. Während Selbständigkeit und Autonomie eher zu einer niedrigeren Übernahme von Haushaltsaufgaben bei Männer führt, trifft für Frauen eher das Gegenteil zu. Zudem deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die relative resources and bargaining theory und der Zeitbudget-Ansatz für Frauen in der Selbständigkeit weniger relevant sind als für abhängig Beschäftigte. Unsere Daten erlauben die direkte Kontrolle der Rollenorientierung und geben Aufschluss über den Zusammenhang von relativen Ressourcen und dem Anteil an Hausarbeit. Eine traditionelle Rollenorientierung war hoch signifikant für den Anteil an Hausarbeit für Männer und Frauen, veränderte allerdings nicht den Effekt der relativen Ressourcen. Dadurch bestätigt unsere Studie den für sich stehenden Effekt der Geschlechterrollenorientierung. Dies kann als wichtiger Beitrag für die laufende Diskussion gesehen werden, bei der relative Ressourcen im Licht der individuellen Rollenorientierung interpretiert werden.
Challenges in Medical Education: A Long Way up to Meet
Authors: Rahman M
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableAnwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 4
Goldsmith Workers (GSWs): A Skilled Job & Status of Illness
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzar , Sajani Tabassum Tahmin
Published: February 2017

Background: This study was conducted among the goldsmith workers of different goldsmith's workshops located Islampur of Dhaka city to find out respiratory illness among them. `Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. By purposive sampling a total of 120 goldsmith workers were interviewed about respiratory problems using questionnaire and checklist.Result: The study revealed out of 120 respondents 5% were illiterate, 40% had education upto Primary level and 55% respondents had education at secondary level and above. Around 31.7% and 30.8% respondents had monthly income 7100-9000 and 9100-11000 taka respectively. Most of them had length of service 6-20 years (72.5%) and 25.8% had length of service >20 years. The study showed 37.5% had been suffering from respiratory illness and among them 75.6% were suffering from cough for 3months or more in a year, 66.7% suffering from cough with phlegm, 18.9% Blood mixed phlegm, 71.1% running nose/ sneezing and 33.3% were suffering from breathlessness. 96.7% respondents had knowledge on use of personal protective equipments (PPE). Around 58.3% respondents were smoker and their mean duration of smoking habit was 15.59 ( 7.36) years. PEFR was significantly low (p<0.001) both in sitting and standing position among the respondents suffering from respiratory problems. Mean PEFR on sitting position was 426.22 L/min and 430.33 L/min in standing position in respondents with respiratory problems.Conclusion: This indicates 37.5% respondents are suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and necessitates preventive and therapeutic measures to minimize sufferings of goldsmith workers.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 5-10
Depression Among Rural Aged : Facts & Reasons
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzar , Rahman Md Atiqur , Sajani Tabassum Tahmin
Published: February 2017

Background: In Bangladesh person aged 60 years or above are considered to elderly. 5.9% of total population are within the age group of 55-65years and 65 years old or above are 5% of the total population. Elderly dependency ratio is 7.3%. Depression is a common problem among the older people, but it is not a normal part of aging. The aim of this study was to find out the level of depression, factors associated with depression and health problems among the respondents .Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried among 829 people aged more than 60 years by purposive sampling technique from 7th to 9th December, 2014 in different vilages of Dhamrai Upazila,Dhaka. Data were collected on a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview using short form of GDS. Data were analyzed manually and by using computer.Results: Then study revealed that majority of the respondents (82%) were Muslims by religion. About 39% respondents were aged more than 70 years and mean age was 68±3.7 years. Most of them (52%) were illiterate and only 5% had received HSC or higher education. About 15% respondents' occupation were service and 47% of the respondents were housewives. Among all the respondents about 22% & 26% were found to have 2& 3 number of children respectively. About 27% & 18% respondents were suffering from mild & moderate depression respectively. Feeling burden on others, physical disability, lack of close family ties & Living alone were found the main factors of depression in 27%, 26%, 26% & 22% respondents respectively. About 59%, 57%, 49% & 28% respondents were suffering from poor vision, musculo-skeletal diseases, hypertension & chest pain respectively.Conclusion: Elderly people are suffering from various health problems due to depression. The study findings demand awareness among family members as well as an establishment of comprehensive one stop health care delivery package for the senior citizens.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 20-24
Star Fruit Intoxication
Authors: Mahmood Nazneen
Published: February 2017

Now a day Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease are the two common problems worldwide with increased mortality and morbidity as well as health care cost. Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity by the Star fruit, sometimes fatal, is far more frequent than reported. Star fruit belongs to the Oxalidaceae family, species Averrhoea carambola, is a popular fruit among Orientals. The aim of the study is to create awareness among the population regarding star fruit intoxication, to reduce the development of Acute Kidney Injury in general population, to reduce the mortality and burden of morbidity from chronic renal failure, to reduce the mortality of the patients of End stage renal disease taking regular haemodialysis and to reduce the mortality and burden of morbidity of the people suffering from Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension. Star fruit juice produces acute renal injury not only through the obstructive effect of calcium oxalate crystals, but also inducing apoptosis of renal epithelial cells, which may be caused by the levels of oxalate in the fruit. There have been reports of hiccup, confusion and occasional fatal outcomes in uremic patients after ingestion of star fruit. An excitatory neurotoxin from star fruit has been implicated although the exact nature of this toxic substance has not been identified. High quantities of oxalate in empty stomach and dehydrated state may pose an additional risk for development of renal injury. To avoid acute oxalate nephropathy, pure sour carambola juice or mild diluted post pickled juice should not be consumed in large amounts, especially in an empty stomach and dehydrated state. It is recommended that uremic patients should totally abstain from star fruit due the rare but potentially fatal complications.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 30-33
An Unusual Case of Foreign Body Aspiration: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Kuntal , Amin Syed Khairul , Setu Mumtahina , Khondaker Tarannum , Chowdhury Nandita Sur
Published: February 2017

Foreign body aspiration most commonly affects young children, with respiratory symptoms such as wheeze and cough after a choking episode. A careful history and clinical examination can identify those children that need additional investigation including bronchoscopy. However foreign body aspiration can mimic other conditions. The link between choking and subsequent symptoms may not be made by parents. We present a case with a delay in diagnosis, and discuss the appropriate management of suspected foreign body aspiration.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 47-49
From the Desk of Editor in Chief Vol.6(2)
Authors: Rahman Md Tahminur
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableAnwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 50
College News Vol.6(2)
Authors: Rahman Md Tahminur
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableAnwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 51
Introducing Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine at EPI Schedule in Bangladesh - Impact on Sustainable Development Goal
Authors: Muaz Syed Shafi Ahmed
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :65-68
Class Absenteeism in Pediatrics and Its Impact on Performance: An Analytical Study on under Graduate Students of a Medical College in Dhaka
Authors: Shabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hassan , Shaha Chandan Kumar
Published: February 2017

Background: Absenteeism in clinical classes is a risk for poor performance in the examinations. But how much performance is affected by each absence in pediatrics? In our study we want to predict this assumption.Methods: The impact of tutorial and clinical class attendance on under graduate students academic performance was investigated based on students average total score and average of frequency of class absence. Total 310 students placed in Medicine and Paediatrics Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College in different time was randomly selected.Results: There is a significant number of pass if ?75% attendance in the class both in medicine and pediatrics. There is a negative correlation between class absenteeism and students performance in the examination. It is predicted that each 10% increase in students absence decrease examination performance by about 4 points in medicine 3 points in pediatrics.Conclusion: More than 75% class attendance is significantly required to score 60 % (passing mark) in the examination. Class absenteeism in pediatrics has the similar effect in performance like that of the medicine that is decreasd in examination performance by about 4 points in medicine, 3 points in Pediatrics for each 10% of absence.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :69-72
Epistaxis in Children: Aetiology, Management and Outcome
Authors: Al Masum Syed Hasan Imam , Arsalan Ali Jacob , Begum Dilruba
Published: February 2017

Background: Although epistaxis is a common problem in preschool and school children, it is often considered as trivial and overlooked. As a result recurrent epistaxis sometimes may occur which, in some cases, may even be fatal.Objective: The present study was, undertaken to determine the etiological profile and outcome of treatment of epistaxis in children.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka from January 2012 to December 2013. In cases of mild bleeding and stable patient, detailed history was noted along with management of the bleeding. In case of severe bleeding, history was taken after the bleeding was controlled. The diagnosis of epistaxis was based on clinical history, physical findings, laboratory investigations with examination of the nose and nasopharynx. All patients were treated conservatively initially and chemical cauterization of the specific area was considered only when conservative means failed to control the epistaxis.Results: Total 50 cases of epistoxis were enrolled. Nearly half (46%) of the patients were 3-4 years old and the rest 54% 5-6 years old with mean age being 4.6±0.9 years. Majority (68%) of the patients was male with male to female ratio being 2:1. Over twothirds (68%) of the patients were from lower middle class. All patients had anterior nasal bleeding. Seventy percent had acute epistaxis and the rest (30%) had recurrent epistaxis. Nearly half (46%) of the patients had inflammatory diseases, 28% had upper respiratory tract infections (URI), 16% had history of nasal trauma, 12% allergic rhinitis and very few patients (2%) had idiopathic causes. Eight percent patients developed shock and were resuscitated along with management of bleeding. Over one-quarter (28%) of the patients developed recurrent epistaxis and only 6% had facial oedema. All patients recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: The study concluded that the common causes of epistaxis in children in our country is inflammatory and infectious diseases of nose and upper respiratory tract and most of the epistaxis could be managed with conservative treatment alone.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :73-76
Relationship of Obesity and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) amongst 8-15 Years Old School Children
Authors: Hossain Delowar , Khanum Selina , Kawser Choudhury Ali
Published: February 2017

Background: Obesity is rapidly escalating worldwide in all age groups. Childhood obesity is associated with a greater long-term risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood.Objectives: To observe the relationship of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with obesity.Methods: Two hundred students were selected from two different schools of Narayanganj city by following inclusion criteria- for group A: BMI of > 95th percentile for age and sex was taken as obese and for group B: BMI of 10th- 85th percentile for age and sex was taken as non-obese. The anthropometric measurements and PEFR were measured by standard procedure.Results: PEFR were found statistically significant in non-obese than obese groups (p<0.05) in the following variables-height, weight, BMI and age. The stronger correlation was with BMI, weight and height (P < 0.001) and lesser correlation was with age (<0.05)Conclusion: This study PEFR significant positive correlation with non-obese than obese children.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :77-81
Probiotic Supplementation and Its Effect on Weight and Feed tolerance in Preterm Low Birth Weight Newborns: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Mannan MA , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Dey Arjun Chandra , Saha Debashish , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: February 2017

Background: Establishment of full enteral feed is a major challenge in the care of preterm low birth weight (LBW) neonates. Probiotics are live microbial supplements that colonize preterm bowel with favourable flora, improve tolerance to feed and promotes growth of these premies.Objective: To determine the effect of probiotic supplementation on feed tolerance, postnatal weight gain, duration of hospital stay in preterm low birth weight babies.Methods : This prospective clinical trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (BSMMU) from February, 2012 to November, 2012. A total of 65 preterm, low birth weight ( LBW) newborns were included in this study. A multistrain probiotic suspension was given once daily to the infants in probiotic group along with expressed breast milk (EBM) through the nasogastric tube/ dropper from the first day of feed which was continued till attainment of full feed. Those in controls received only expressed breast milk. Weight, feed volume increment, features of intolerance were followed up daily. Relevant investigations were done whenever indicated.Results: The mean time to reach full enteral feed in probiotic and control group was 13.71±3.4 vs 16.53±6.13; p<0.05. But weight gain was not affected by supplementation. Hospital stay was shorter in supplemented group.Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation in preterm low birth weight babies improves feed tolerance and decreases hospital stay but does not affect weight gain.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :82-87
Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus (BNSM) : A Case Report
Authors: Ali Khaja Sultan , Marma May May Hal
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :105-107
Functional Status of Thyroid Gland in Hospitalized Children With Downs Syndrome
Authors: Biswas Rabi , Munsi Abu Sayed , Hussain Manzoor , Alam Md Jahangir , Ahmed ASM Nawshad Uddin
Published: February 2017

Background: Over one-hundred and thirty years ago a link between Downs syndrome and thyroid disease had been proposed. The additive effects of this co-morbid condition leads to further amplification of the clinical problems in these children with Downs syndrome. While several international studies have shown association of thyroid dysfunction with Downs syndrome, there is paucity of available data from Bangladesh.Objective: The purpose of this study was to know the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in Downs syndrome children below the age of 12 years in our setting and to correlate the features of Downs syndrome with those of thyroid dysfunction.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 40 patients of Downs syndrome admitted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital from January 2014 to March 2015. Diagnosis of Downs syndrome was considered clinically with or without confirmation by karyotyping. Thyroid function was assessed by serum FT4 and TSH.Results: All 40 patients enrolled were below 5 years and most of them (72.5%) were within 12 months of age. Twenty-one cases were male and 19 were female. Hypothyroidism was found in 6 cases (15.0%), of which 4 (10.0%) had compensated hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was not observed in any of the cases. There was no significant sex difference.Conclusion: Hypothyroidism was frequently associated in children with Downs syndrome in our setting. It thus seems necessary to screen all children of Downs syndrome for thyroid dysfunction.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :123-128
Efficacy of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Islam Md Mofizul , Islam Md Mahbubul , Talukder Manik Kumar , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Rahman Shahana A
Published: February 2017

Background: Systemic JIA (sJIA) is the most severe sub type of JIA with limited treatment option and responsible for most of the disability and morbidity in JIA.Objective: To assess the efficacy of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in refractory sJIA patients according to disease activity score in 28 joint criteria.Methodology: This interventional study was carried in the department of Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). A total number of 22 sJIA patients who were refractory to traditional DMARDs were offered TCZ. Among them 15 patients agreed to take TCZ (cases) and 7 patients did not (controls). All the cases and controls were assessed according to DAS 28 criteria at enrollment, 12 weeks and 24 weeks of TCZ therapy. DAS 28 scores during assessment were compared.Results: After TCZ therapy systemic features subsided and laboratory features improved in 100% cases. Among cases 93.3% and 92.3% had moderate response at 12 and 24 weeks respectively according to DAS 28 criteria. Among controls 71.5% and 85.7% had moderate response at 12 and 24 weeks respectively (p0.001). Among cases 40% and 60% patients achieved remission at 12 and 24 weeks, where as among controls none achieved remission. Dose of steroid was significantly reduced among cases but was increased significantly among controls. Few side effects like pharyngitis, Varicella, septicemia, anaphylactoid reaction and raised ALT were observed.Conclusion: Tocilizumab therapy was effective according to DAS 28 criteria refractory sJIA.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :129-134
Osteopenia in Premature Infants and Effect of Supplementation
Authors: Afroz Nadira , Chowdhury Mak Azad , Hoque Md Mahbubul , Khan Dilder Ahmed
Published: February 2017

Background: Despite advances in antenatal and prenatal care, incidence of preterm labor is still high. Osteopenia of prematurity is one of the common accompaniments or complications of surviving preterm babies. Most of the time this problem remains hidden, so is untreated by most of the physicians which leads to growth retardation, delayed bone maturation, fractures with minimal trauma and other complications in infancy.Objective: This study was an attempt to see osteopenia in preterm babies admitted in hospital and to see the effect of supplementation with calcium and phosphorus on those babies and to corelate serum calcium and phosphorus level with gestational age and bone density.Methods: A total 96 of preterm babies admitted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH) and Maternal & Child health Training Institute (MCHTI) of either sex were selected randomly during the period of January 2005 to June 2006. Venous blood was tested for serum calcium and phosphorus level and X-ray of lower limb to see bone density. All cases were given calcium 200 mg/kg/day and phosphorus 90 mg/kg/day with multivitamin drop of 6 drops/day up to 3 months of age.Result: Out of 96 preterm babies 27 had osteopenia with male preponderance [67%]. Gestational ages were between 28-32 weeks and in 78% cases weight were with 1000-1500 gm. Most of the mothers were 18-25 years and housewives. Initial mean serum calcium level was 1.66 mmol/l and phosphorus level was 1.58 mmol/l. After 3 months of supplementation, it was 2 mmol/l and 2.08 mmol/l respectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase was initially 736.6 and follow up level after 3 months was 353.14. Weight also increased, it was[mean] 3448 g whereas initial weight was 1277 gm.There was significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase during the 3 months [P < 0.05].Conclusion: Prevalence of osteopenia is high (28%) in premature infants. Less the gestational age more the chance of osteopenia. Calcium and Phosphorous supplementation has showed very good effect to achieve normal growth pattern.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :135-140
Abstract from Current Literature Vol.40(1)
Authors: Editor -
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :58-60
Infant and Young Child Feeding Pattern in Children Attending in the Outpatient Department of an Urban Hospital
Authors: Chakraborty Banani , Rumana Jubaida , Begum Hosne Ara , Afroz Afsana
Published: February 2017

Background: Proper feeding practices during the first two years of life is essential for growth nutrition and development of young children. Optimum infant and young child feeding can reduce childhood mortality and morbidity significantly. Present study was done to know the infant and young child feeding pattern in the children of 0-23 months of age attending out patient department of an urban hospital.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 314 mother/child pair attending the outpatient department of an urban hospital during the period of September 2014 to December 2014.Result: 68.5% children had early initiation of breast feeding and exclusive breast feeding among children below 6 months was 66.8%.Continued breast feeding among the children of 12 to 15 months was 80.4% and 84.2 % children were given solid food at 6 months of age. Adequate minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimal acceptable diet among children 6-23 months were 61.4%,57.3% and 39.4% respectively.64.5%% children were taking iron rich food or supplementation.Conclusion: Early initiation of breast feeding(0-23mo) and Exclusive breastfeeding(0- 6mo) were satisfactory in the study children but IYCF practice in children of 6-23 months was not optimum and far away from the HPNSDP 2011-2016 target of 52% of children to be fed with minimum acceptable diet.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :92-97
Abstract from Current Literature Vol.40(2)
Authors: Editor -
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :129-130
Detection Of Mutated gyrA Gene From Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Typhi And Paratyphi A Isolated From Enteric Fever Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Bangladesh
Authors: Suman Maiz-ul Ahad , Siddique Md. Abdullah , Shamsuzzaman S. M. , Khandakar Abu Rayhan , Khondaker Faiz Ahmed , Sumi Sharmin Akter , Jahan Roushan
Published: February 2017

A cross sectional study for the detection of empirically used antibiotic resistant Salmonella was carried out in the department of microbiology of Rajshahi Medical College (RMC) and PCR and DNA sequencing were done in the department of microbiology of Dhaka Medical College during the period from August 2014 to July 2015.Total 323 blood samples were collected from suspected enteric fever patients from medicine and paediatric units of RMC hospital and cultured on brain heart infusion broth for isolation of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella was done by biochemical tests and final identification was done by specific antisera. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion technique. PCR was used to detect gyrA gene. Sequencing of the gyrA gene was done to see mutation. Culture yielded growth of Salmonella typhi in 11 (36.67%) and Salmonella paratyphi A in 19(63.33%) samples. Among 11 Salmonella typhi, 8(72.73%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, 2(18.18%) to ciprofloxacin and one (9.09%) to ofloxacin. Among 19 Salmonella paratyphi A, all (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, 4(21.05%) to ofloxacin, and 3 (15.79%) to ciprofloxacin. All the Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were gyrA gene positive. All the nalidixic acid resistant strains of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were mutated at amino acid position 83 by replacing serine with phenylalanine. None of the nalidixic acid sensitive Salmonella strain had mutated gyrA gene.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 3-7
Epidemiology, Transmission, Complications, Laboratory Diagnosis & Management of Zika Virus Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shamsuzzaman S. M. , Begum Shahin Ara , Shahid Sazzad Bin
Published: February 2017

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 27-31
Probiotics in Neonatal Infection :A Review
Authors: Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Shamsuzzaman S M , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: February 2017

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (01): 25-30