bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De lugar para los sin voz a espacio de difamación digital: Los resquicios de la información para la solución de problemáticas sociales en Internet
Authors: Ramos Chávez Alejandro
Published: July 2021

El uso de Internet y las redes sociales digitales han permitido brindar una ventana de expresión que, cada vez más, es utilizada como lugar en donde se dan a conocer injusticias, ilegalidades o violaciones a los derechos de la ciudadanía. Estos ciudadanos difícilmente encontrarían otros espacios con el mismo alcance en cuanto a: la inmediatez de la transmisión de los mensajes; lo viral que pueden llegar a convertirse los contenidos; la amplitud de las audiencias que pueden alcanzar; y la posibilidad de generar impactos sociales y políticos para la resolución de las problemáticas. Sin embargo, también es cada vez más común que con el uso, pero sobre todo con el abuso, en la utilización de estos espacios digitales, se estén convirtiendo en lugares para la difamación, el escarnio y el linchamiento injustificado. Esto demuestra el fuerte impacto que tiene el uso de las tecnologías digitales en la vida de las personas, incluso más allá del ámbito digital. La solución a estas problemáticas tendría que vincularse con un uso ético de estas tecnologías, así como un pensamiento crítico sobre la información que se consulta en ellas.
La informetría y el análisis del discurso aplicados a la producción científica en la Ciencia de Datos y Ciencia de la información
Authors: Martínez Musiño Celso
Published: July 2021

Objetivo. Investigar la producción científica en la intersección temática de la Ciencia de Datos (CD) y la Ciencia de la Información (CI). Método. Estudio informétrico, descriptivo, y de primera incursión, en el análisis del discurso escrito de los textos académicos incluidos en la Web of Science (WoS), periodo 1900 al 6 de noviembre de 2020, y cuya cobertura de búsqueda fue en las bases de datos: SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S y BKCI-SSH. Resultados. Se recuperaron y analizaron 49 documentos representados en 38 artículos, 7 textos de memorias de congresos, 2 capítulos de libro y 2 materiales editoriales. El conjunto de las investigaciones que tratan el tema de la CD y la CI sumaron 128 citas, 2.6 citas por documento e índice H: 7. Discusión. Conceptualmente, se encontró que para la CD y la CI su origen son los “datos” y que ambas disciplinas son predominantemente de carácter práctico. En aquellas investigaciones con mayor visibilidad hay participación multiautoral. La CD y la CI son áreas del conocimiento recientes en las cuales las tecnologías de la información son indispensables para el análisis de grandes cantidades de datos e información. Conclusiones. La CD y CI tienen un carácter intra y multi y transdisciplinar y se caracterizan por utilizar las tecnologías de la información para el análisis de grandes cantidades de datos e información.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da covid-19 sobre a enfermagem: uma análise retrospectiva
Authors: Brito Veronica Perius de , Carrijo Alice Mirane Malta , Freire Neyson Pinheiro , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos da COVID-19 nos profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros. Metodologia: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com base em dados secundários de domínio público, do Observatório de Enfermagem do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados em novembro de 2020 e importados para a versão STATA 12.0. Foi realizada uma análise estatística descritiva, com números absolutos e medidas de freqüência. Resultados e discussão: 38.628 profissionais de enfermagem com suspeita de COVID-19 foram relatados, 52,4% com diagnóstico confirmado e predominantemente técnicos (62,9%). A faixa etária predominante entre os mortos era mais alta (41 a 60 anos) do que entre os infectados (31 a 40 anos), enquanto o sexo feminino era quantitativamente dominante em ambos, apesar da maior taxa de casos fatais entre os homens (4,5%). A mortalidade / 1.000 profissionais era alta no Amapá, Acre, Mato Grosso e Rondônia. O pico no número diário de casos novos (525) ocorreu em julho de 2020, enquanto que o número de mortes (18) ocorreu em setembro, mês em que houve uma tendência de queda na variação da taxa de crescimento da média móvel entre os casos novos, o que não é evidente na variável da média móvel entre as mortes. Este cenário tem uma forte relação com as condições precárias de trabalho, falta de EPI, sobrecarga física e emocional e os resultados da rápida contratação e qualificação para a gestão de pacientes com COVID-19. Conclusão: A compreensão da situação de vulnerabilidade experimentada por esses trabalhadores no contexto da pandemia revela a necessidade de concentrar ações de saúde eficazes voltadas para esse grupo.
Child mortality and water stress under the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Evidence from twenty developing countries
Authors: Liu Suyu
Published: July 2021

Both child mortality and water stress are included into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing studies have explored the relationship between child mortality and water stress with different perspectives, however, the results vary due to differences in methods and context. There is still insufficient cross-country comparative research on the association between child mortality and water stress under the framework of SDGs. This article uses data of 20 developing countries to explore the association between child mortality and water stress, based on the path analysis methodology. The results show that in term of statistics, the level of water stress is negatively but insignificantly associated with child mortality in developing countries. This unconventional result is explained by a number of possible reasons such as high reliance on food importation in some developing countries, and also the indirect link between water stress and child mortality via a country’s socioeconomic development (measured by national poverty rate). The results enrich scientific knowledge of and provide practical implications to the interactions between SDGs.
On the Palatal Transcription of ш (ayb) in Armeno-Kipchak Texts: A Comparative Orthographic Study of Armeno-Kipchak and Modern Turkic Languages
Authors: Salan Musa
Published: July 2021

Not having a unanimous transcription model for Armeno-Kipchak texts has left the exactness of certain Armenian graphemes obscure, one of which is ³ (ayb). This letter is consistently utilised for back low vowel in Armenian. Given this, in early studies ayb occurring aft er palatal syllables was considered non-harmonic, and thus left as is. Some scholars have doubted whether it might have indicated a palatal vowel, yet have kept rendering it as a back vowel. In this paper, I will try to shed light on the issue, by making an orthographic comparison between Armeno-Kipchak texts and those modern Turkic languages whose orthographies distinguish e vowels.
The use of mica schist from Indonesia as raw material for lithium extraction process using sulfate roasting and acid leaching
Authors: Natasha Nadia Chrisayu , Lalasari Latifa Hanum , Andriyah Lia , Arini Tri , Yunita Fariza , Haryono Didied , Rinanda Fani
Published: July 2021

Lithium minerals become a sub-economic raw material for lithium production to fulfill the lithium demand. This study is about lithium extraction from mica schist using the roasting and leaching processes. The mica schist located in Kebumen, Indonesia was used to study the phenomena during the lithium extraction process. Sodium sulfate was used as a roasting agent while 0.36 M sulfuric acid was used as a leaching agent. Solid/liquid ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 (g/mL)) and leaching time (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) were used as variables in this study. The roasting process was done at 700 °С for 40 minutes while the leaching process was done at 70 °С and 350 rpm. The ratio of additive and mica schist was 1.5:1 (g/g). XRD, ICP-OES, and SEM were used to observe the formed compounds, chemical composition and morphology of the materials. HighScore Plus (HSP) was used to interpret the content of each compound in mica schist, roasted mica schist, and residue. ICP analysis confirmed that the mica schist contains 45.28 ppm of lithium. It is supported by XRD that lithium exists in mica schist as lepidolite (KLi2AlSi4O10(F,OH)2). Sulfate roasting did not affect the type of lepidolite but the lepidolite reactivity against the chemical agent. SEM analysis shows that the roasting process reduced the average particle size from 32.17 to 27.16 µm. ICP analysis of roasted mica schist shows that lithium concentration was reduced from 45.28 to 1.27 ppm. The optimum result from this study was 97.66 % extraction of lithium while solid/liquid ratio was 1:5 (g/ml) and leaching time was 30 minutes. HSP shows that lepidolite contents in initial mica schist, roasted mica schist and residue were 60.6; 24.3 and 18.7 %, respectively. Lithium concentration in the residue according to ICP analysis is 1.06 ppm.
Justifying the prolongation of the service life of the bearing structure of a tank car when using Y25 bogies
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Ivanchenko Kseniia , Medvediev Ievgen
Published: July 2021

This paper substantiates the use of Y25 bogies under tank cars in order to prolong their service life. The reported study has been carried out for a tank car with rated parameters, as well as the actual ones, registered during full-scale research. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the basic indicators of the tank car dynamics. The differential equations of motion were solved by a Runge-Kutta method using the Mathcad software package (USA). It was established that the use of Y25 bogies under a tank car with rated parameters could reduce the acceleration of its bearing structure by almost 39 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies.
Applying the Y25 bogies under a tank car with the actual parameters reduces the acceleration of its load-bearing structure by almost 50 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies.
The derived acceleration values were taken into consideration when calculating the bearing structure of a tank car for strength. The calculation was performed using the SolidWorks Simulation software package (France). The resulting stress values are 18 % lower than the stresses acting on the load-bearing structure of a tank car equipped with 18‒100 bogies.
For the load-bearing structure of a tank car with the actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 16 % lower than the stresses when the 18‒100 bogies are used.
The design service life of the load-bearing structure of a tank car was estimated taking into consideration the use of Y25 bogies. The calculations showed that the design service life of the bearing structure of a tank car equipped with Y25 bogies is more than twice as high as that obtained for 18‒100 bogies.
The study reported here would contribute to compiling recommendations for prolonging the service life of the load-bearing structures of tank cars
Determining the width of a layer cut with saws with multidirectional teeth
Authors: Okhrimenko Oleksandr , Vovk Vyacheslav , Maidaniuk Serhii , Lashyna Yuliia
Published: July 2021

To predict the workability of a tool structure at the design stage, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of the cut layer when this tool is used because the cut layer’s size determines the strength and dynamic characteristics of the cutting process.
It is known that the size and shape of the cut layer are affected by the allowance cutting scheme embedded in the tool design. Therefore, the parameters of the cut layer with the tool must be investigated taking into consideration the actual shapes and location of the cutting edges of the tool teeth and the cutting scheme with individual teeth.
Existing analytical dependences on determining the thickness of the cut layer do not take into consideration the group arrangement of the teeth, which have a different shape and location of their cutting edges. Therefore, a procedure for determining the thickness of the cut layer analytically has been proposed, using the example of circular saws with multidirectional teeth while taking into consideration the patterns in the arrangement of the cutting edges of individual teeth and the real movements of the tool during its operation.
The proposed procedure makes it possible to determine the parameters of the layer cut with the tool at both constant and progressive allowance cutting schemes. One can also specify the parameters of the cut layer at any time of the tool’s operation and analyze the change in the shape of the slice in time.
Based on the analysis of the parameters of the cut layer, it has been established that saws with multidirectional teeth do not work with the entire width of the cutting edge but only in its part, whose share does not exceed 55 % of the width of the tool.
The procedure reported here could be used to determine the loading of the cutting tool part with a more complex cutting scheme, which also includes tools that are operated by the form-generating method
Identifying changes in the technical parameters of milking rubber under industrial conditions to elucidate their effect on the milking process
Authors: Paliy Andriy , Aliiev Elchyn , Nanka Alexander , Bogomolov Oleksiy , Bredixin Vadim , Paliy Anatoliy , Shkromada Oksana , Musiienko Yurii , Stockiy Aleksandr , Grebenik Natalia
Published: July 2021

Many years of experience in the operation of milking machines show that milking rubber was and remains a short-lived and unreliable link in the technological process of machine milking. During operation, rubber quickly loses its strength and elastic properties, becomes stiff and less elastic, deforms, and changes its shape.
The purpose of this study is to identify changes in the technical parameters of milking rubber under industrial conditions in order to establish their impact on the milking process. The obtained results could make it possible to rationally choose the milking rubber for teat cups, which would ensure an effective milking process.
During this study’s initial stage, the physical and mechanical condition of milking rubber was experimentally established at steam disinfection and as a result of saturating the article with milk fats. The following stage implied detecting the effect of milking rubber tension in a teat cup on the speed of milking.
It was established that milking rubber during operation is actively exposed to milk fat, which leads to the loss of its weight relative to its original value. On day 1,000 of work, the weight loss relative to the initial value (100 g), under the washing regime temperature of 85 °C, 50 °C, 35 °C, and 20 °C, was 1 g, 3.3 g, 5 g, and 4.2 g, respectively. The dependences have been derived for the swell mass of milking rubber M on the temperature of washing solutions T and the duration of operation t as a result of saturation with milk fats.
The dependence of milk yield rate V on the tension force of milking rubber F in teat cups has been established. Thus, it was found that when the tension force of milking rubber changes from 25 to 60 N, the difference in the average intensity of milk yield is 0.13 kg/min (10.8 %). Regarding the amount of milk yield at the specified tension, the difference is 0.15 kg (2.5 %). At rubber tension from 60 to 25 N, the average milking time increases by 0.46 min (8.3 %). Thus, it was determined that a milking machine with milking rubber at different tension over a total milking time would unevenly milk different parts of the cow’s udder.
The study reported here expands the idea about the technical and manufacturing characteristics of rubber articles, namely changes in them at steam disinfection and as a result of saturation with milk fats
Determining the loose medium movement parameters in a centrifugal continuous mixer using a discrete element method
Authors: Statsenko Volodymyr , Burmistenkov Oleksandr , Bila Tetiana , Demishonkova Svitlana
Published: July 2021

The processes to form the compositions of loose materials in centrifugal mixers of continuous action have been considered. Based on the method of discrete elements, a mathematical model of the movement of particles in the rotor of the centrifugal mixer was built, taking into consideration their geometric and physical-mechanical parameters. To assess the extent of influence of these parameters on the nature of particle movement, a well-known mathematical model in the form of a system of differential equations was used, which was built on the basis of classical laws of mechanics. The process of mixing particles of two loose materials under different initial conditions of movement was modeled. The trajectories of individual particles along the bottom and side wall of the rotor were calculated.
The results of the research reported here have established that the model built on the basis of the discrete element method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of determining the parameters of the movement of loose materials in the mixing zone. Calculations that involved this method show that the length of the particle trajectory is 2.9, and the movement time is 9 times greater than those calculated by the system of differential equations. The built and known mathematical models demonstrated the same nature of the distribution of components in the mixer. The value of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the calculated values of the coefficients of variation is 0.758. The best homogeneity is achieved by separating the flows of the mixture components and reducing the distance between their centers.
The experimental study was carried out using a centrifugal mixer of continuous action with a conical rotor. Particle trajectories were constructed; it was established that the shape of the trajectory built by a discrete element method is closer to the experimental one.
The results reported in this paper make it possible to predict the impact of the structural and technological parameters of the mixers of continuous action on the uniformity of the mixture
Determining the effect of stator groove geometry in a traction synchronous reluctance motor with permanent magnets on the saw-shaped electromagnetic moment level
Authors: Liubarskyi Borys , Riabov Ievgen , Iakunin Dmytro , Dubinina Oksana , Nikonov Oleh , Domansky Vasily
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the model of a magnetic field of the synchronous reluctance motor with permanent magnets that was developed on the basis of a finite-element method. The model was implemented in the FEMM finite-element analysis programming environment involving the application of the Lua-based script. The model makes it possible to determine the dependence of the engine's electromagnetic moment on the rotor rotation angle.
Determining the level of a saw-shaped moment is important for assessing its harmful effect on the structural elements of the traction motor and the drive in general.
The results of digital modeling have established the dependences of the electromagnetic moment on the rotor rotation angle. The moment has a variable component – the saw-shaped moment, whose amplitude for open grooves under a rated load mode is 182 Nm, and for semi-open grooves ‒ 90 Nm.
The use of semi-open grooves exerts a positive effect on eliminating the saw-shaped moment in a synchronous reluctance motor with permanent magnets and may be recommended for further application on engines of this type. Semi-open grooves reduce the opening of the stator groove by 2 times and lead to a smoother flux distribution under the gear division. That reduces the oscillations of the main magnetic flux. The proposed application of semi-open stator grooves makes it possible to reduce by more than 2 times the level of a saw-shaped moment of the synchronous reluctance motor with permanent magnets under a rated mode.
It has been determined that a rather positive factor is an increase of 4.8 % in the average motor moment value under a rated mode when using semi-open grooves. This is due to a decrease in the average value of magnetic resistance to the main magnetic flux. Therefore, with a simultaneous decrease in the moment's fluctuations, the transition to semi-open grooves makes it possible to improve the mass-dimensional indicators of the motor in general.
Development of the survivability indicators forecasting method of the special-purpose system executive element based on analytical and stochastic simulation of a conflict situation
Authors: Hohoniants Spartak , Chopa Dmytro , Kilmeninov Oleksii , Loishyn Anatolii , Нorbachov Kostyantin
Published: July 2021

The developed method for forecasting the survivability indicators of the executive element of a special-purpose system based on analytical-stochastic simulation of a conflict situation is presented. The purpose of the method was to solve the problem of preserving and rational use of the resource of the executive elements to achieve the desired effect of the functioning of special-purpose systems.
The method is sensitive to the description of the patterns of changes in the survivability and efficiency indicators of the system. It is supposed to compare the predicted value of the survivability indicator with its criterion value and forecast the time when the system loses the ability to effectively perform tasks.
The survivability indicator is the mathematical expectation of the number of executive elements of a special-purpose system, which retained their ability to perform tasks as intended during a conflict situation.
Based on the results of the study, the values of the time characteristics of a conflict situation were obtained, in particular, the duration of the corresponding states of the executive element: preparation, waiting, implementation.
Graph-analytical simulation provides a solution to the problem of forecasting the time when the loss of executive elements leads to the system’s inability to effectively perform tasks.
Checking of the adequacy of the method showed that the confidence interval of the discrepancy between the calculation results of other methods with a confidence level of 0.9 does not exceed 0.095, and no contradictions between the methods were found. The proposed method provides an increase in the efficiency of determining the corresponding indicators within 8–11 % and reliability by 22 %. The possibility to determine the required reserve and the time for introducing executive elements into the system can provide a justification for how they are used to maintain the required level of efficiency of a special-purpose system.
Integrating linear ordinary fourth-order differential equations in the MAPLE programming environment
Authors: Belyaeva Irina , Kirichenko Igor , Ptashnyi Oleh , Chekanova Natalia , Yarkho Tetiana
Published: July 2021

This paper reports a method to solve ordinary fourth-order differential equations in the form of ordinary power series and, for the case of regular special points, in the form of generalized power series. An algorithm has been constructed and a program has been developed in the MAPLE environment (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada) in order to solve the fourth-order differential equations. All types of solutions depending on the roots of the governing equation have been considered. The examples of solutions to the fourth-order differential equations are given; they have been compared with the results available in the literature that demonstrate excellent agreement with the calculations reported here, which confirms the effectiveness of the developed programs. A special feature of this work is that the accuracy of the results is controlled by the number of terms in the power series and the number of symbols (up to 20) in decimal mantissa in numerical calculations. Therefore, almost any accuracy allowed for a given electronic computing machine or computer is achievable. The proposed symbolic-numerical method and the work program could be successfully used for solving eigenvalue problems, in which controlled accuracy is very important as the eigenfunctions are extremely (exponentially) sensitive to the accuracy of eigenvalues found. The developed algorithm could be implemented in other known computer algebra packages such as REDUCE (Santa Monica, CA), MATHEMATICA (USA), MAXIMA (USA), and others. The program for solving ordinary fourth-order differential equations could be used to construct Green’s functions of boundary problems, to solve differential equations with private derivatives, a system of Hamilton’s differential equations, and other problems related to mathematical physics.
Comparative analysis of the exergy efficiency of methods for protecting gas exhaust ducts of boiler plants
Authors: Fialko Nataliia , Stepanova Alla , Navrodska Raisa , Shevchuk Svitlana
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the results of studying the exergy effectiveness of thermal methods for anti-corrosion protection of the gas-draining tracts of boiler plants. These include the method of mixing heated air into flue gases, the method of passing part of the hot gases of the boiler through the bypass chimney, and a flue gas drying method. The research involved the devised comprehensive procedure based on an exergy approach. The dependences of exergy loss Elos and the heat- exergy criterion ε on the following parameters of thermal methods have been established: the amount of heated air N mixed into flue gases, the proportion of bypassed flue gases K, and the amount of dried flue gases R. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of heat recovery systems when applying the methods considered has been performed. It has been established that for the method of mixing, Elos and ε at ambient temperature ten=10 °C demonstrate the lowest values, that is, the efficiency of the system, in this case, is the highest. The most effective, when implementing the bypass method, is the heat recovery system at ten=10 °C. Under the method of drying, at all values of the amount of dried flue gases, the loss of exergy is the lowest at ten=0 °C. As regards the heat- exergy criterion, at values R≤20 %, the lowest values of ε are observed at ten=10 °C. At R>20 %, the lowest values of ε are at ten=0 °C. Thus, the efficiency of the system when implementing the method of drying is the highest at ten=0 °C and at the amount of dried air of R>20 %. The study reported here would provide the necessary information for designing optimal heat recovery schemes. The development of this study is to establish the relationship between the exergy and environmental efficiency of thermal protection methods in order to further reduce toxic emissions.
Development of an algorithm for selecting the required frequency of injected current for multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography for tasksrelated to preoperative monitoring of human lung function
Authors: Grayr Aleksanyan
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes an algorithm for selecting the required frequency of injected current for problems of personalized multi-frequency electricalimpedance tomography. The essence of the algorithm is to calculate the rate of change in the recorded difference of potentials for the assigned range of frequencies of injected current, followed by determining the frequency after which the rate of a change in potentials is minimal. Subsequently, the injection parameters are readjusted to the chosen frequency and the complete process of electricalimpedance tomography is started. The proposed solutions were studied on four subjects with different fat mass, defined by bioimpedance analysis. Thus, it seems possible to track the dynamics of a change in the lungs of a certain patient by visualizing the reconstructed conductivity field, taking into consideration its internal features. It was established that in the course of studying lungsby using the method of electricalimpedance tomography, it is necessary to take into account the frequency of injected current at an increase in percentage of fat mass. The results of the studies showing a change in the quality of imaging the breathing process at different frequencies of injected current (from 50 kHz to 400 kHz, with a pitch of 50 kHz) are presented. For the test participants with a fat weight of 7.6 kg, 23.3 kg, 15.2 kg and 37.3 kg, the injection frequency was determined as 150 kHz, 200 kHz, 200 kHz, and 350 kHz, respectively.
The proposed algorithm enables visual monitoring of lung function and can be used in the problems of pre- and postoperative monitoring of respiratory function of patients. Its use is particularly relevant for patients connected to an apparatus of artificial lung ventilation.
Development of a technology of gas-flame application of powders to increase wear resistance and adhesion strength
Authors: Yermekov Daulet , Povetkin Vitaly , Rutkuniene Zivile , Nurmukhanova Alfiya , Bukayeva Amina
Published: July 2021

Every year, the world economy suffers enormous losses due to wear and corrosion of machine parts and equipment. With targeted preventive protection against wear and tear, these losses can be avoided. Along with the coating of new parts, this includes the restoration of worn parts. An effective method is the surfacing of materials with high performance properties. The quality of hardened parts depends on the properties of deposited material, so hardening material or alloy is selected taking into account the working environment of the part and the coating method.
Today there are many self-fluxing surfacing powder alloys based on nickel, copper and others, obtained by different methods.
The paper discusses the process of studying the gas-flame application of powders to increase wear resistance and adhesion strength. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the optimal composition of the CrB2 master alloy introduced into the composition of the GP-Ir40 surfacing alloy. It has been found that to obtain the hardness of the deposited metal in the range of 450–600 HV, it is necessary to introduce CrB2 into the coating composition, within 10 % of the total mass. Thus, the strength of the alloy is increased by more than 54.41 HV. Tests for corrosion resistance in aggressive environments of hydrogen sulfide H2S, sulfuric acid H2SO4 were carried out. The wear resistance of ground pumps was evaluated, and the service life of wear-resistant ground pump parts made of the IChH28N2 alloy was determined.
The new developed self-fluxing surfacing powder material based on iron with a hardening additive will be used to restore machine and equipment parts operating under conditions of abrasive wear, corrosion and elevated temperatures or corrosive environments
Overview of concepts of the sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Storozhenko Galyna , Kharchenko Vitalina , Krasilnikova Oksana , Tkachenko Oksana
Published: July 2021

Sphingolipids are important components of the cell involved in the processes of apoptosis, inflammation, oncogenesis, aging, proliferation, differentiation and growth of cells, as well as in the stress-induced response of cells.

The aim. To study research literature for summarizing the new concepts of sphingolipids biochemical role in the development of various pathological conditions.

Materials and methods. The open sources of scientific literature were analyzed.

Results and discussion. According to the analyzed data, the occurrence of pathologies is associated with the sphingolipid imbalance in cells, and excessive accumulation of ceramides, while by preventing the accumulation of ceramides in cells, it is possible to prevent the appearance of cardiac, neurological and metabolic pathologies, including insulin resistance, heart disease (atherosclerosis, heart failure), as well as hepatic steatosis. Therefore, it is promising to search for drugs that can inhibit individual components of the metabolism of sphingolipids and prevent the development of pathology.

Conclusions. Sphingolipids are involved in numerous processes in cells, and changes in the balance of individual members of this class of lipids can play a crucial role in the development of pathological conditions. At the same time, the accumulated data on disorders of the sphingolipid metabolism in various diseases contribute to the development of drugs based on inhibition of the corresponding components of the metabolism of these lipids.
The study of the anti-inflammatory properties of carotenoid liquid extracts on the model of adjuvant-induced inflammation
Authors: Boiko Yurii , Ayat Mohammed , Boiko Irina , Shandra Alexey
Published: July 2021

The search for new anti-inflammatory substances is an important area of pharmacology. Plant carotenoids have many positive biological effects and are of interest as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

The aim. To study the anti-inflammatory properties of extractive carotenoids from fruits of Capsicum annuum L. on the model of adjuvant-induced inflammation.

Materials and methods. The fruits of Capsicum annuum L. were used as the plant raw material. Carotenoids were obtained by the extractive method. The model of adjuvant-induced inflammation was reproduced in young female rats. The dynamics of changes in the volume of the inflammatory edema and the total number of blood leukocytes were studied.

Results and discussion. A decrease in edema in nonspecific inflammation was observed on day 15 during the therapy with carotenoid extracts (Δ1.01±0.08 in treatment group; Δ1.28±0.08 in control group). For specific inflammation, edema reduction when using carotenoids occurred on day 30 (Δ0.047±0.015 in treatment group; Δ0.073±0.012 in control group). A decrease in leukocytosis occurred on days 20 and 30 of the treatment for non-specific and specific inflammation, respectively. The mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of carotenoids are presumably associated with the antioxidant effect and the ability to affect the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions. Extractive carotenoids from the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. have the anti-inflammatory activity in the case of adjuvant-induced inflammation. Treatment with Capsicum annuum L. extract reduced inflammatory edema and total leukocyte count
Prevention of subinvolution of the uterus of cows using acidum succinicum
Authors: Fedonyuk Larysa , Stravskyy Yaroslav , Khavtur Vira , Sachuk Roman
Published: July 2021

Aim. To establish the effect of acidum succinicum on the activity of enzymes in the blood of cows after calving and the course of uterine involution.

Materials and Methods. The study of enzyme activity was carried out in the Central Research Laboratory of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (Certificate of technical competence № 001/18, issued on September 26, 2018, valid until September 25, 2023).

Results of the research. After the use of acidum succinicum in the body of cows of the experimental group, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased by 12,0 % (p≤0,05), and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, on the contrary, decreased by 30,0 % (p≤0,001), which indicates a positive effect on hepatocytes. Confirmation of this is the Ritis factor, which increased 1,4 times (p≤0,05).

All animal experiments were conducted according to with the recommendations of ARRIVE and the British Animal Act 1986 and Directive 2010/63 / EU on the protection of animals for scientific investigation.

In the body of cows of the control group, the activity of alanine and aspartateaminotransferases increased, respectively, by 14,0 % (p≤0,05) and 47,0 % (p≤0,001) against a background of a 1,2-fold decrease (p≤0,05) Ritis factor.

A decrease in bilirubin content of 56,0 % (p≤0,001) in the body of cows after the use of acidum succinicum and an increase in its content by 2,2 times (p≤0,001) in the body of control cows indicates liver disease, which is accompanied by affection of its parenchyma, which may be a consequence of intoxication of their body in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion. Acidum succinicum, applied to cows after calving, prevents the development of inflammation of the reproductive system, helps to restore reproductive function, reduces the duration of the service period to 80,0±2,0 days, and the insemination index to 1,3
Theoretical and legal characteristics of problem aspects of free secondary legal aid and prospects of their solution
Authors: Nalyvaiko Larysa , Novikova Maryna
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes problems of providing free secondary legal aid in Ukraine. Based on the studied statistical indicators, it is determined, that the most unresolved issues are the availability and quality of legal aid. It is stated, that in order to overcome these obstacles, the state, represented by the authorized bodies, cooperates with many international organizations, participates in international technical assistance projects and provides communication with international and national public organizations. Based on the study, it is noted, that today attention should be paid not only to highlight the possibility of obtaining free secondary legal aid, but also to the dissemination of mechanisms for obtaining such assistance and their features. It is determined, that today in Ukraine the state and public organizations are actively working to increase the level of availability of free legal aid in Ukraine. The Law of Ukraine «On Free Legal Aid» contains a detailed list of persons entitled, in particular, to receive free secondary legal aid, the rights and obligations of entities to provide such assistance. However due to the abstract nature of legal norms and the style of their presentation, there is a need in society to explain these regulations to the population. To this end, various activities are carried out, in particular, cooperation with the media, publishing brochures, distributing educational videos on the Internet, which has a positive character and, as a consequence, achieving the goal – increasing the availability of free legal aid in Ukraine. The participation of representatives of the international community in providing free legal aid is analyzed. It was stated, that the representatives of the Council of Europe recommended that the national institutions improve the legal framework for the provision of free legal aid in order to make the institution more accessible and understandable to those entitled to receive it. In addition, the Council of Europe recommended improving the area of ​​criminal justice in terms of coherence of efforts to provide each suspect or accused with affordable and quality legal assistance. It is noted, that the quality of free legal aid depends on many factors. In particular, lawyers discussed the thesis of incentives to provide quality assistance, as in a significant number of cases the lawyer interferes with concentration, and as a consequence, reduces the level of positive decisions. It is determined, that free legal aid does not provide support to citizens in applying to international judicial institutions, such as the European Court of Human Rights
Peculiarities of application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the justice in Ukraine
Authors: Rybalkin Andrii , Nosenko Yuliia
Published: July 2021

The scientific article examines the activities of the European Court of Human Rights and identifies the significance of the relevant case law of the European Court for the case law of Ukraine. It is noted, that one of the issues, studied within the topic, is the sources and legal framework, which is especially relevant in the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Enforcement of Decisions and Application of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights», according to which courts use the Agreement and case law as a legal source in cases. The activity of the European Court of Human Rights, the role and impact on the judicial system of Ukraine are analyzed, the relevant examples are given. It is concluded, that the implementation of international human rights law into Ukrainian law is a complex procedure that requires special doctrinal consideration, as today Ukrainian citizens are among the most active complainants to the European Court of Human Rights, which indicates a fairly high insecurity by national legal mechanisms. In order to increase the credibility of the judiciary, courts should take into account the European experience, decisions and observations of the Court in their work. The Court's case law is said to play an important role in the judicial reform process as it approaches the European legal framework for human rights standards in Europe. The current law cannot fully protect a person or build justice if it is not applied properly. Based on existing ECtHR rulings, judges can accurately understand the rule of law and apply it properly, which will help improve human rights, accurate understanding and implementation of the Agreement on Ukraine. Based on the study, it was concluded, that it is necessary and appropriate to implement the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, as in this way it is possible to ensure the protection and defense of human and civil rights and freedoms
Development of the constitutional process in Ukraine: realities and prospects
Authors: Nalyvaiko Oleh , Shtunder Valeriia
Published: July 2021

Peculiarities and problems of the process of reforming the main constitutional institutions are studied. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the domestic constitutional process continues throughout the period of formation of an independent, democratic and legal Ukrainian state, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of our civil society. It is stated, that integration from the general philosophical point of view is a process or actions that result in integrity, unification, connection, restoration of unity. The dictionary of foreign words states that integration is the unification of any parts, elements. Integration develops on the basis of the internationalization of the whole civil society, which is accelerated by scientific and technological progress. States, involved in the integration process, share positive experiences. It was found out, that the current stage of state building requires scientific support of Ukraine up to European standards of public life. In the current European integration conditions, modern Ukraine, as never before, needs a correct and reasonable process of adopting a new version of the Basic Law. Since the state power plays a very important role in the transformation of Ukraine into a democratic, strong and integral state, the power of our state must focus its efforts on bringing the constitutional modernization to a certain level and implement it. It is established, that the main criterion for the division of the "constitutional process" into separate types is its essential features. Depending on the scope and practical implementation of the relevant elements of the «constitutional process», its content can be considered in different directions, which were proved above. A significant number of domestic scholars who have devoted their work to the «constitutional process» use this term as a description of the systems of relevant events that took place during a certain period (stages of the process) and preceded or directly were the time of the Constitution of Ukraine
Internet fraud: technologies of performance, ways of counteraction and prevention
Authors: Samoilenko Olena , Titunina Kateryna
Published: July 2021

The article proves that the separation of technologies for committing fraud on the Internet allows you to determine the causal complexes. As a result, it is possible to effectively influence the prevention and counteraction of the corresponding type of crime. The author concludes that it is necessary to introduce into the practice of law enforcement and other government agencies effective tools for preventing and combating Internet fraud. He sees such a tool as outreach activities and modes of action that will block the determinants of criminal behavior in cyberspace. In order to concretize the specified means of prevention, it also deepens the theoretical basis regarding the system for preventing Internet fraud. So, the author comes to the conclusion that counteraction is a system of measures and methods of activity not only of law enforcement agencies, but also of other state and non-state bodies, while among these measures there are measures to prevent certain types of crimes.
The article indicates that in the process of implementing a certain type of cybercrimes by criminals, they talk about the technologies of criminal activity as complexes of interrelated crimes, united by a single criminal purpose. For the commission of Internet fraud in the technology of criminal activity, there are typically ways of committing crimes in the use of computers, systems and computer networks and telecommunication networks (provided for in Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and Art. 200 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. As a result of the analysis of the materials of the forensic practice of investigating fraud on the Internet, two main technologies have been identified: 1) the seizure of funds using phishing sites (the methods of reporting false information from the victim and its content have been updated) 2) the seizure of funds using a bank payment card and / or ATM (the variability of the method of manipulating information has been updated)
Development of functionalities extension approach and implementation of address routing for IFogSim based simulators
Authors: Borysov Ruslan
Published: July 2021

The object of research is an approach of functionality extension for simulation toolkits based on iFogSim. It is assumed by the native approach that enhancement of functionalities should be achieved by inheriting the fog device class and defining new features in its body. However, this approach makes it impossible to use inherited simulators together and significantly decreases flexibility even when utilizing a single simulator. Another problem related exclusively to iFogSim is a specific communication scheme between application modules, which results in data routing limitations in fog architectures and odd data streams taken into account.
This paper introduces an alternative extension approach incorporating a peculiar inheritance scheme which tries to reconsider the standard approach from a behavioral design patterns point of view. The key feature of the suggested approach is an extraction of fog device features from the native class into separate behavioral classes. Meanwhile, the designed inheritance scheme allows to flexibly override and combine behaviors. According to the approach principles the developed simulator extends iFogSim with application modules addressing capabilities solving limitations, along with implementing users’ mobility and dynamic wireless connectivity as it is done in MobFogSim. With the aim to check its correctness, the designed toolkit was validated with the standard for iFogSim case study of «EEG Tractor Beam game» application. The validation included four scenarios. In the first two scenarios the features of users’ mobility and dynamic base station connectivity were validated. And in the next scenarios that utilized address routing the obtained delay and network usage values were compared with theoretically calculated ones. The validation results indicated the correct simulator behavior, and introduced functionalities extension approach, being more complex in comparison with the inative one, can significantly improve flexibility of the simulator