bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Native Vitamin D3 Therapy in Older Patients with Sarcopenia
Authors: Safonova Yu. A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND. Vitamin D influences the preservation and maintenance of skeletal muscle function. However, the effectiveness of cholecalciferol in enhancing muscle mass and improving skeletal muscle function has been the subject of varied opinions in existing studies.

AIM. This study aims to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance in community-dwelling patients diagnosed with sarcopenia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research included 202 subjects aged 65 years and older (median age — 75 [68; 79] years) who were examined at a medical institution in St. Petersburg. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia 2 revision (EWGSOP2, 2018) criteria. Levels of 25(OH)D were measured at the screening phase and again after 3 and 12 months of follow-up among those who consented to continue their participation. The effectiveness vitamin D3 supplementation was evaluated using various dosing regimens after 12 months.

RESULTS. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be significantly more prevalent in sarcopenic patients compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (72.7 vs. 53.0%, p = 0.007). This deficiency was associated with decreased muscle strength (OR = 2.613; 95% CI 1.993–3.270; p = 0.00116) and impaired physical performance, as indicated by the SPPB tests (OR = 1.905; 95% CI 1.342–2.710; p = 0.00034) and the «Timed Up and Go» test (OR = 1.364; 95% CI 1.003–1.853; p = 0.047). Following 3 months of native vitamin D3 supplementation with various dosing regimens, 87.5% to 98.5% of patients experienced an increase in 25(OH)D levels exceeding 30 ng/ml (p < 0.001), with 83.3% to 97.1% maintaining these levels at the 12-month mark. After one year of treatment, muscle strength improved in 82.8% of sarcopenic patients (p < 0.001), while 69.0% showed enhancements in physical performance (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION. Native vitamin D3 supplementation significantly enhances muscle strength and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia.
THE EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF WRITING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ROLE AND NECESSITY OF WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Authors: KARAOULAS APOSTOLOS
Published: November 2024

Writing has played a crucial role in human evolution, making the preservation of knowledge and the development of civilizations from the earliest ancient societies possible. With the rise of digital technology, critical questions arise: Should traditional writing be considered less important due to the technological revolution? How does digital technology affect the value of traditional writing? Does traditional writing remain crucial for the development of critical thinking, linguistic skills, and emotional expression? How can education effectively combine new digital skills with traditional writing to better prepare students for the challenges of the modern world? Through an extensive literature review of relevant theories and studies, critical theoretical analysis, and sociological exploration of the impacts of digital technology, this paper aims to examine these questions and propose that, despite technological advancements, integrating digital skills with traditional forms of writing is essential for a comprehensive educational approach.
Güncel Restoratif Çalışmaları III
Authors: Ülkü Sultan Gizem , Şahin Mehmet Alperen , Yenidünya Özge Gizem , Balkaya Hacer , Sarıtaş Gülsevim , Demirbuğa Sezer , Aksoy Yüksek Merve , Kedici Alp Cemile , Güler Melike , Tekbaş Atay Meltem , Balkaya Hacer , Hastekkeşin Müge , Özden Yasemin , Altınok Uygun Latife , Ateş Hilal , Eken Nagihan , Dinçer Mine , Özakar Nurcan , Bazna Büşra , Sönmez Zeynep Su , Göksu Zeynep , Özakar Nurcan , Çadırcı Mustafa , Özden Yasemin , Özden Safa , Özaslan Sanem
Published: November 2024

Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Özellikleri:Bileşenlerden Polisaj Materyallerine İdeal Materyal Arayışı
Sultan Gizem ÜLKÜ
Restoratif Materyallerde Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ile Mikrobiyal Adezyon İlişkisi: Bir Literatür Derlemesi
Mehmet Alperen ŞAHİN
Özge Gizem YENİDÜNYA
Diş Beyazlatma Ajanlarındaki Güncel Gelişmeler
Hacer BALKAYA
Gülsevim SARITAŞ
Sezer DEMİRBUĞA
Diş Hekimliğinde Probiyotiklerin Yeri ve Önemi
Merve AKSOY YÜKSEK
Cemile KEDİCİ ALP
Çeşitli Dental Tedavi Prosedürlerinin Pulpada Oluşturduğu Termal Etkiler
Melike GÜLER
Meltem TEKBAŞ ATAY
Diş Hekimliğinde İmmediyat Dentin Örtüleme Tekniği (IDS) Uygulaması
Hacer BALKAYA
Müge HASTEKKEŞİN
Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Üç Boyutlu Yazıcıyla İndirekt İnley Restorasyon Üretimi
Yasemin ÖZDEN
Latife ALTINOK UYGUN
Diş Sert Dokusu Remineralizasyonunda Son Gelişmeler
Hilal ATEŞ
Nagihan EKEN
Mine DİNÇER
Nurcan ÖZAKAR
Dental Uygulamalarda Yapay Zeka
Büşra BAZNA
Zeynep Su SÖNMEZ
Zeynep GÖKSU
Nurcan ÖZAKAR
Diş Hekimliğinde Floresan Destekli Tanımlama Tekniği (FIT) ve Uygulama Alanları
Mustafa ÇADIRCI
Nurcan ÖZAKAR
Diş Hekimliğinde Eklemeli Üretim Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler
Yasemin ÖZDEN
Safa ÖZDEN
Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Renk Sistemleri ve Kompozit Rezinlerin Renk Uyum Potansiyeli
Sanem ÖZASLAN
THE PROPOSALS JUSTIFICATION REGARDING THE SELECTION OF TEST EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING TANKS AND ARMORED VEHICLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
Authors: Herashchenko M. , Chervotoka O. , Tarasenko Ya. , Hudyma V.
Published: November 2024

The work analyzed the existing methodological apparatus for conducting tests of tanks and armored vehicles under the influence of mechanical and climatic factors. The shortcomings of the existing methodological apparatus were revealed. These shortcomings consist in the use of outdated tools, manual procedures and the impossibility of fully adapting the methodological base in general and methods in particular to the new requirements. Based on the identified shortcomings, a number of proposals were given and justified, which made it possible to improve the methodological principles regarding the selection of options for the use of measuring tools and test equipment in the process of testing tanks and armored vehicles. New methodological principles involve the use of computer modeling, flexible procedures and operational experience. Peculiarities of developing the methods for predicting the reliability of equipment using test results are considered in particular. The need to take into account the influence of external mechanical and climatic factors on the armored parts of the vehicles in order to increase the prognostic efficiency was revealed. The requirements for the information and measurement system and test equipment are considered. The main stages of the methodical approach to the selection of options for the measuring tools and test equipment use have been formed. The main stages are: analysis of test requirements; selection of test methods; assessment and selection of equipment; development of a test plan; testing; analysis of results; forming conclusions. The results presented in the work make it possible to adequately evaluate the resistance of equipment to various external mechanical and climatic influences, as well as to provide basic principles for further improvement of testing methods of tanks and armored vehicles.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING AMMUNITION RELIABILITY ACCORDING TO THE NUT TEST PLAN
Authors: Yarmolenko M. , Kuzmenko V. , Yarysh I. , Kubashko O.
Published: November 2024

In the article an ammunition dependability evaluating methodology is created. It is based on test results according to the NUT plan, according to which an initial number N of weapons and military equipment is tested during planned time T, failed products are not restored or replaced, the tests are stopped after the end of the testing time T. Standard evaluating ammunition dependability methods are absent now, so an ammunition dependability evaluating method by results of tests according to the NUT plan for the reliability function during time T P(T)=(0.9; 0.95; 0.98; 0.99; 0.997; 0.999; 0.9994) and confidence probability q=(0.8; 0.9; 0.95; 0.99) is proposed. It is proposed to consider ammunition reliability as its dependability, because ammunition is non-repairable and non-renewable objects. A theoretical method to calculate the instantaneous failure rate λ for the exponential distribution law, which is the most appropriate for random ammunition failures, has been developed. Instantaneous failure rates from P(T)=0.9 and q=0.8 to P(T)=0.9994 and q=0.99 have been calculated. It is calculated also the minimum amount of ammunition required to start testing according to the NUT plan for P(T)=(0.9; 0.95; 0.98; 0.99; 0.995; 0.997; 0.999; 0.9994) and q=(0.8; 0.9; 0.95; 0.99). Application of the exponential distribution law of the probability of failure- free operation of ammunition as complex objects that can suddenly fail made it possible to calculate the smallest initial quantities of ammunition Nstart, which are necessary to start the tests: from Nstart=79 for P(Т)=0.9 and q= 0.8 to Nstart=30058 for P(Т)=0.9994 and q=0.99. The calculation results for other P(T) and q are shown in Table 7. We can estimate the ammunition reliability, that is, P(T) and q, based on the results of counting number of failures from available amount of ammunitions using data in Table 2, Table 3. In addition, an ammunition reliability coefficients t1 calculation method, i.e. the conditional time of failure-free operation of one ammunition depending on P(T) and q, is proposed, and their values are calculated for P(T)=(0.9; 0.95; 0.98 ; 0.99; 0.999; 0.999) and q=(0.9; 0.99). In addition, it is proved mathematically that NATO and Ukraine standards requirements regarding of weapons and military equipment dependability and, in particular, ammunition reliability, are the same.
JUSTIFICATION OF APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING METHODS FOR ASSESSING FIGHTER DRONE ACTIONS AGAINST UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES BASED ON A SIMULATION MODEL
Authors: Orlov S. , Zviglyanich S. , Agafonov Yu. , Surhai V.
Published: November 2024

The relevance of issues related to the possibility of using fighter drones against the enemy's unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) necessitates the development of methods for evaluating such actions. The presented article proposes a methodology for developing a simulation model for evaluating approaches to the construction of a cover system against the action of enemy UAVs of various purposes: strike, reconnaissance, and others. The given model establishes the relationship between the size of the city cover zone and the location of military formations, the intensity of detection of air targets, the number of fighter drones, their weapons and speed of movement. By changing these parameters, it is possible to establish the necessary dependencies between them. The process of controlling a given zone unfolds in time, which varies discretely with a given step. In order to simulate the operation of the enemy's UAV detection means, a preliminary procedure for determining the fact of their detection is provided by conducting a simulation of a predetermined process in advance. The model assumes that the time intervals of detection of enemy UAVs by means of airspace control are random and have an indicative distribution. In each implementation, during the operation of the model, the calculation of detected air targets is carried out. After an air target is detected, its coordinates are randomly determined. Similarly, coordinates are determined for each fighter drone, and its distance from the air target is calculated. For the fighter drone, which is closest to the target, the fact of the start of aiming is established and the time of approach to the target is calculated. The possibility of hitting an enemy UAV is expressed through the probability of hitting, which refers to the initial data. Also, the initial data includes the probability of target detection by the fighter drone operator when scanning the space where, according to intelligence data, the detected aerial target is located. When a fighter drone approaches a target, the fact of target detection and its destruction is determined by the method of a single draw. The result of the model is an estimate of the mathematical expectation of the number of detected enemy UAVs and an estimate of the mathematical expectation of the number of destroyed enemy UAVs given the initial data. The proposed model can serve as the basis for the development of rational ways of building a system of covering military formations against the action of attack UAVs under the given conditions and can be used in the decision-making support system for combat planning.
EQUIVALENT FORMS OF THE SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS OF THE PROJECTILE'S NUTRITIONAL VIBRATIONS
Authors: Bondarenko S. , Hrabchak V. , Kosovtsov A.
Published: November 2024

When carrying out scientific research on the modernization of existing artillery weapons and the creation of new ones, the problem of solving the inverse problem of external ballistics regarding the restoration of the aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile with a given accuracy remains unsolved. The basis of inverse problems of external ballistics regarding the restoration of aerodynamic coefficients of a projectile are mathematical models (MM) describing the process of its flight, as well as data of external trajectory measurements, which are carried out on the ballistic track using technical means with a specified accuracy. The nature of providing MM projectile flight varies depending on the required degree of reliability of the reflection of the real physical process of projectile flight, adequate consideration of the forces (moments) acting on the projectile, as well as the level of information about external flight conditions. The most suitable (accurate, relatively simple) for restoring the aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile is the modified material point model (MMMT), as the MM of the projectile flight. MMMT takes into account all aerodynamic forces (force coefficients), the orientation of the projectile is characterized by the angles of its nutational oscillation, and the energy balance is taken into account through the angular velocity of the projectile around its axis of symmetry. An important element of the MMMT equations are the equations that determine the behavior of nutational oscillations of the projectile during its flight. The article presents procedures for reducing the system of equations of nutational oscillations of a projectile to a form convenient for restoring its aerodynamic coefficients, as well as developed equivalent versions of the differential equations of nutational oscillations in scalar form. To expand the possibilities of restoring the aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile, equivalent versions of the differential equations of nutational oscillations of the projectile are presented in rectangular and spherical coordinate systems.
MODELLING THE SURFACE GEOMETRY OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES, THE DESIGN OF WHICH CONTAINS ELEMENTS WITH DIFFERENT ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Riapolov I. , Vasilets V. , Kukobko S. , Bodnar S.
Published: November 2024

The current state of development of unmanned aerial vehicles requires the development of new methods for calculating their secondary radiation characteristics. This is due to the fact that the structure may have structural elements with different electrophysical properties. Currently, there are many approaches to modelling the surface of radar objects. The paper analyses these methods and identifies their advantages and disadvantages.
On the basis of the analysis, an approach to modelling the surface geometry of unmanned aerial vehicles, the design of which contains elements with different electrophysical properties, is developed. The proposed approach contains elements of the faceted and ellipsoidal methods of modelling the surface of objects and is essentially a hybrid method. The surface is approximated by using sections of triaxial ellipsoids. Further, to calculate the secondary radiation of radar objects, each section of the triaxial ellipsoid is divided into separate triangular facets.
The surface of the Orlan-10, RQ-4 Global Hawk, Matrice 200 quadcopter and Shahed-136 unmanned aerial vehicle, which is made according to the aerodynamic scheme of the “flying wing”, was modelled.
The use of the developed approach to modelling the surface geometry of unmanned aerial vehicles, the design of which contains elements with different electrophysical properties, allows calculating the secondary radiation of objects, taking into account the presence of: object surface breaks; single-layer or multilayer fuselage and wing console construction; fuel tank and thin wire inside the wing console; perfectly conductive, dielectric or covered with radio-absorbing material internal equipment of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The application of the presented approach to modelling the geometry of the unmanned aerial vehicle surface can allow calculating the secondary radiation of electrically large objects in the high-frequency region and assessing the detection zones for radar devices of the corresponding wavelength ranges.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSIVE COST ASSESSMENT OF CERTIFICATION FOR DEFENSE PRODUCTS AND MECHANIZED DEMINING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Drobot O. , Plynokos D. , Shabanova O. , Ivzhenko I.
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the certification and conformity assessment of defense goods and mechanized demining equipment is due to the gradual harmonization of management systems in accordance with EU and NATO standards.
The experience of the established practice of NATO member states provides for the assessment of compliance (certification) of defense goods with the established requirements, based on the results of which the manufacturer receives a certificate of compliance. Achieving interoperability with partner states in terms of armaments, military and special equipment requires a solution to the issue of mutual recognition of the results of conformity assessment (certification) of defense goods.
A systematic analysis of the forms and methods of conformity assessment, a study of pricing methods for goods, services, financial and economic analysis and analysis of the legal framework for assessment (certification) of defense goods was carried out.
The study of organizational and economic approaches to the determination of the cost of certification works and assessment of compliance, the main financial and economic indicators necessary for the preparation of methods for determining the cost of certification works made it possible to obtain a methodology for the complex assessment of the cost of certification works, which includes methodological approaches for determining labor intensity, determining the cost of certification work, determination of the cost of the work of the involved freelance personnel and the cost of the conducted tests.
A financial and economic analysis and research of organizational and economic approaches to pricing of defense goods and demining machines have been made. The development of methodical approaches to the calculation of labor intensity and cost of certification works will simplify the work of certification bodies in the military sphere. The specified technique can be used to calculate the cost of certification of defense goods and demining machines.
A Model for Estimation of Malaria Prediction in North-East Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh A. A , Salawu S. A. , Ojuope K. I. , Ahmed M. O.
Published: November 2024

This study examined Autogressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for malaria prediction in the North-Eastern geo-political zone, Nigeria. Cross-sectional research design was adopted in this study as data were collected at a specific period of time. The datasets were collected from Federal Medical Centre, Azare and Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, spans through five years (2018 – 2022). The datasets were divided into 80% training set and 20% testing set. ARIMA model was used for estimation and best model was found to be ARIMA(2,2,2). The experiment was conducted in R-Studio. The model was diagnosed and cross-checked for the accuracy using Box-Ljung Statistic, normality curve, ACF, and PACF plots. ARIMA(2,2,2) was used to predict three-year future malaria incidents. The results showed that malaria cases were high in January 2023 with 305 cases (LCI=288 & UCI=898 cases). Also, in year 2024, cases of malaria would be high in December with 38 cases (LCI=653 & UCI=781 cases). Observing year 2025, malaria cases will toll high in December with 53 cases (LCI=714 & UCI=808 cases). It was also discovered that as months of the year increase, the cases of malaria increase. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the ARIMA(2,2,2) was estimated and yielded 12.43% which implies that the model has 87.57% accuracy. Based on the findings, it is recommended that more treated mosquitoes net and medications should be provided by governments and NGOs to reduce malaria infections in the zone.
Evaluation of Diversity Management and Employees’ Performance Among Universities in Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Adeyefa Oluwafemi Princewill , Yomi-Daramola Olukemi Mercy , Ikudaisi Olugbenga Lanre
Published: November 2024

Diminishing employees’ outputs have been major challenges for government, profit and non-profit organisations across the globe. This downward trend has been attributed to low employees’ morale caused by discriminatory practices in the workplace, most especially the university system. This study evaluated influence of diversity management on employees’ performance in public and private universities in Ondo State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional research survey design was employed to gather data from primary source and the study population was 5762. Taro Yamane (1967) formula was used to determine the sample size of 1,548. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study and out of 1548 questionnaire that were distributed, 1,121questionnaire were filled and returned for analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (linear multiple regression analysis) were used to determine the effects of the predictor variables on the explanatory variable. Findings revealed that educational qualifications had significant positive effect on employees’ performance in public and private universities in Ondo State (f = 43.557, p < 0.05); and tenure of job diversity had significant positive effect on employees’ performance in public and private universities in Ondo State (f = 43.914, p < 0.05). The study concluded that diversity management (educational qualification and tenure of job) had statistically significant effects on employees’ performance among universities in Ondo State, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that people of different skills and educational levels should be offered job opportunities and talents should be retained in the universities as a way of stemming high labour turnover as it is being experienced today.
Posts and Pathways: Social media and Migration
Authors: Furxhi Nevila , Toromëni Asunta
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the relationship between social media and migration. It discusses the role of social media in shaping migration behaviors, experiences, and outcomes, as well as its influence on pre-migration planning, integration processes, and transnational connections. The review categorizes research into three main themes: social media in pre-migration information, influence on migrants’ incorporation into host societies, and the preservation of transnational ties among immigrant communities. Theoretical frameworks are applied to understand these dynamics, particularly affecting social capital (Bourdieu, 1986), transnationalism (Glick Schiller et al., 1992), and agency (Castells, 2009). By synthesizing interdisciplinary findings, this paper aims to provide a conceptual foundation focusing on the importance of social media in the migration process. The conclusion suggests avenues for further exploration, particularly concerning the implications of digital divides on migrant experiences and highlights the implications of social media interactions for both migrants and host societies, ultimately suggesting directions for future research.
Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Haematocrit and Pressure Effects on Blood Flow through Blood Vessel
Authors: Bunonyo K. W. , Ndu R.I.
Published: November 2024

In this article, we derived mathematical models representing blood momentum and the haematocrit in dimensional forms. These models were further scald into dimensionless forms using derived dimensionless quantities. The governing models were converted from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations considering dense and fully developed flow. In addition, the Laplace method was deployed to solve the dimensionless system and the blood velocity function was obtained with some pertinent parameters such as haematocrit and pressure parameters respectively. The numerical simulations were carried out using Wolfram Mathematica, version 12, varying pertinent parameters within a specific range on the blood velocity and volumetric flow rate profiles. The results depict the effects of haematocrit and pressure parameters on blood velocity as well as flow rate. Specifically, blood velocity varied significantly at different pressure levels; however, it decreased as blood pressure increased due to increased resistance to flow and the narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which leads to an increase in boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, the analysis showed a positive correlation between Hct and blood pressure as higher Hct results in increased blood viscosity, potentially elevating peripheral resistance and blood pressure. We also discovered that the blood velocity attained different magnitudes at different haematocrit counts, indicating an indirect relationship between the haematocrit (Hct) and the blood velocity. This indicates that the blood velocity adapts a high altitude increment for an increasing haematocrit. The volumetric flow rate is equally seen to be affected by the aforementioned parameters. This study may serve as a guide in understanding blood flow challenges and offer management advice to patients particularly when hospital data are available for both mathematicians and clinicians alike.
A krimináltaktikai blöff
Authors: Szijártó Eszter
Published: November 2024

Building on empirical research and practical experience, the author provides a unique assessment on the rarely discussed question of bluffing in criminal investigation.
Probing Populations of Dark Stellar Remnants in the Globular Clusters 47 Tuc and Terzan 5 Using Pulsar Timing
Authors: Smith Peter J. , Hénault-Brunet Vincent , Dickson Nolan , Gieles Mark , Baumgardt Holger
Published: November 2024

We present a new method to combine multimass equilibrium dynamical models and pulsar timing data to constrain the mass distribution and remnant populations of Milky Way globular clusters (GCs). We first apply this method to 47 Tuc, a cluster for which there exists an abundance of stellar kinematic data and which is also host to a large population of millisecond pulsars. We demonstrate that the pulsar timing data allow us to place strong constraints on the overall mass distribution and remnant populations even without fitting on stellar kinematics. Our models favor a small population of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in this cluster (with a total mass of

446

−
72

+
75

M

⊙

), arguing against the need for a large (>2000 M
⊙) central intermediate-mass BH. We then apply the method to Terzan 5, a heavily obscured bulge cluster that hosts the largest population of millisecond pulsars of any Milky Way GC and for which the collection of conventional stellar kinematic data is very limited. We improve existing constraints on the mass distribution and structural parameters of this cluster and place stringent constraints on its black hole content, finding an upper limit on the mass in BHs of ∼4000 M
⊙. This method allows us to probe the central dynamics of GCs even in the absence of stellar kinematic data and can be easily applied to other GCs with pulsar timing data, for which data sets will continue to grow with the next generation of radio telescopes.
Magnetic Field Alignment Relative to Multiple Tracers in the High-mass Star-forming Region RCW 36
Authors: Bij Akanksha , Fissel Laura M. , Bonne Lars , Schneider Nicola , Berthoud Marc , Lee Dennis , Novak Giles A. , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Pillai Thushara G. S. , Cunningham Maria , Jones Paul , Simon Robert
Published: November 2024

We use polarization data from SOFIA HAWC+ to investigate the interplay between magnetic fields and stellar feedback in altering gas dynamics within the high-mass star-forming region RCW 36, located in Vela C. This region is of particular interest as it has a bipolar H ii region powered by a massive star cluster, which may be impacting the surrounding magnetic field. To determine if this is the case, we apply the histogram of relative orientations (HRO) method to quantify the relative alignment between the inferred magnetic field and elongated structures observed in several data sets such as dust emission, column density, temperature, and spectral line intensity maps. The HRO results indicate a bimodal alignment trend, where structures observed with dense gas tracers show a statistically significant preference for perpendicular alignment relative to the magnetic field, while structures probed by the photodissociation region (PDR) tracers tend to align preferentially parallel relative to the magnetic field. Moreover, the dense gas and PDR associated structures are found to be kinematically distinct such that a bimodal alignment trend is also observed as a function of line-of-sight velocity. This suggests that the magnetic field may have been dynamically important and set a preferred direction of gas flow at the time that RCW 36 formed, resulting in a dense ridge developing perpendicular to the magnetic field. However, on filament scales near the PDR region, feedback may be energetically dominating the magnetic field, warping its geometry and the associated flux-frozen gas structures, causing the observed preference for parallel relative alignment.
Simulating the Formation and Eruption of Flux Rope by Magneto-friction Model Driven by Time-dependent Electric Fields
Authors: Vemareddy P.
Published: November 2024

Aiming to capture the formation and eruption of flux ropes (FRs) in the source active regions (ARs), we simulate the coronal magnetic field evolution of the AR 11429 employing the time-dependent magneto-friction model (TMF). The initial field is driven by electric fields that are derived from time-sequence photospheric vector magnetic field observations by invoking ad hoc assumptions. The simulated magnetic structure evolves from potential to twisted fields over the course of two days, followed by rise motion in the later evolution, depicting the formation of an FR and its slow eruption later. The magnetic configuration resembles an inverse S-sigmoidal structure, composed of the potential field enveloping the inverse J-shaped fields that are sheared past one another and a low-lying twisted field along the major polarity inversion line. To compare with observations, proxy emission maps based on averaged current density along the field lines are generated from the simulated field. These emission maps exhibit a remarkable one-to-one correspondence with the spatial characteristics in coronal extreme ultraviolet images, especially the filament trace supported by the twisted magnetic field in the southwest subregion. Further, the topological analysis of the simulated field reveals the cospatial flare ribbons with the quasi-separatrix layers, which is consistent with the standard flare models; therefore, the extent of the twist and orientation of the erupting FR is indicated to be the real scenario in this case. The TMF model simulates the coronal field evolution, correctly capturing the formation of the FR in the observed timescale and the twisted field generated from these simulations serves as the initial condition for the full MHD simulations.
The Positioning of Terrorism Issues in the Contemporary World and Its Perception from the Perspective of Czech Republic Citizens
Authors: Vojtěch LOYKA  , Pavel OTŘÍSAL
Published: November 2024

This study examines public perceptions of terrorism within the Czech Republic, focusing on the complexities of terrorist threats and the efficacy of counter-terrorism strategies. It highlights a significant disparity in the public's understanding of terrorism, with many relying on the internet and mass media which often fail to provide comprehensive and high-quality information. This superficial understanding is coupled with a low perceived personal threat, leading to insufficient coverage in local media and educational programs. The findings empha size the need for public discourse and targeted information campaigns that not only improve understanding but also actively involve the public in educational initiatives. The study advocates for the integration of terrorism education into broader security training programs, underscoring the importance of historical and political contexts to fully grasp the multifaceted nature of terrorism. Recommendations include enhancing public awareness through community -based educational programs and public campaigns that encourage active participation and critical evaluation of information. By acknowledging terrorism as a global issue with local implications, this research underscores the urgent need for a societal approach to prevention and education, which can significantly bolster societal resilience against terrorism through increased public engagement and cooperation.
Approaches to the Population Sheltering in Selected Countries in Relation to Threats and the Security Environment
Authors: Pavel KINCL  , Jana PUPÍKOVÁ  , Alena OULEHLOVÁ  , Jiří BARTA
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article is to analyze the approaches of the Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, Germany and the United States of America to the issue of sheltering in the context of current security threats with regard to the development of the geopolitical situation. The article defines the basic methods of sheltering, types of shelters with regard to related normative legal acts and other documents, their current technical state, the capacity of shelters and the structure of threats for which sheltering is used, current initiatives in the field of sheltering and information support for the population. Variants of approaches to sheltering within individual countries are subjected to comparison and multi-criteria analysis. The output of the multi-criteria analysis is the order of alternative approaches to the sheltering of the population compiled on the basis of the proposed criteria, including a verbal assessment for the purpose of interpretation and contextualization of the findings.
Possibilities of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Geospatial Support in the Czech Army
Authors: Jaromir CAPEK  , Vladimir KOVARIK  , Martin HUBACEK  , Jan SOBOTKA
Published: November 2024

The importance of digital geographic data has been growing very rapidly in recent decades. It is hard to imagine a current military operation in which there is no need to plan, model, or visualize the environment using digital geographic data. The creation and distribution of this data is one of the basic tasks of geographical support in most armies. Most of these data models are created using photogrammetric methods from image data or aerial laser scanning technology. The creation of data using these traditional procedures makes it possible to create robust geodatabases from a large area, but it is often lengthy and does not allow responding to current changes in the area of interest and the needs of the troops for accurate and especially up-to-date geographic data. A faster alternative for creating current geographical data or updating existing geodatabases is the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Evaluation of the possibilities of using the AgEagle eBeeX UAV for selected tasks of data collection and creation of data models is the main goal of this article. The article will describe and evaluate selected tasks suitable for the use of this UAV.
Teaching the Subject of Operations Research at Military Universities (Not Only) of NATO Countries
Authors: Michal ŠMEREK  , Milan VÁGNER
Published: November 2024

The guarantor of military higher education in the Czech Republic is the University of Defense in Brno. The student must successfully complete a demanding five-year course of study. Individual subjects develop the relevant competences necessary for mastering military service and the requirements placed on future commanding officers. Operations research (OR) belongs to the theoretical subjects. It teaches students logical thinking and helps solve optimization problems. The authors of the article focused their attention on the subject of OR. The aim was to find out in which military universities (mainly in NATO countries) OR is taught, what is its content and some other characteristics of the teaching of this subject. A questionnaire was created for this purpose. That questionnaire was distributed to selected military schools. A comparison was made based on the information obtained. The examined data are entered into the appropriate tables. Some conclusionsare obtained.
Challenges of the Formation of the Military Professional at the University of Defence
Authors: Kamila HASILOVÁ  , Milan VÁGNER
Published: November 2024

Higher education for military professionals is provided by the University of Defence, the only military university in the Czech Republic. Like other universities, it has to deal with students who drop out of their studies. Retrospectively collected data on the withdrawals from the study were statistically analyzed using survival an alysis methods to assess student dropout rates. With the five-year records, we quantified the effects of two faculties and five classes, which showed that the risk of dropping out is higher for students in technical fields (approximately by 18%). On the ot her hand, the creation of support groups led to a more gradual dropout rate compared to the previous years without these groups (approximately by 25%). We believe that these results will help the academics and commanders guide students as they become military professionals.
Multicriteria Comparison and Evaluation of Vestibular Apparatus Training Methods for Pilots
Authors: Ondrej MACH  , Ladislav GOGH
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of spatial disorientation and illusions in flight has been addressed in civil and military aviation for decades. The possibility of training, especially the vestibular apparatus, which is involved in human spatial orientation, is of particular interest in training military pilots. This article aims to analyze and compare, using multicriteria analysis, the different methods for training the resistance of the vestibular apparatus at the Unive rsity of Defence. In total, five different facilities were compared against nine criteria. The scoring showed comparable results for three of them: Rotation Cage Passive, 360 Swing, and Gyroscope. This analysis has shown that none of the devices cover the entire criteria area. Therefore, further research is required to find suitable combinations of these three devices to achieve the best results. However, the results have already highlighted the importance of preparing pilots prior to flight training and the possibility of preadaptation to a dynamic environment, thus making flight training more efficient.
STEM Teaching in Contemporary Education
Authors: Lela TAVDGIRIDZE  , Ibraim DIDMANIDZE  , Ia KHASAIA  , Nato SHEROZIA  , Dali DOBORDGINIDZE  , Diana AKHVLEDIANI  , Zeinab AKHVLEDIANI
Published: November 2024

The education system serves as the primary producer of human capital, responsible for training competent personnel essential for the country's economic progress and rapid technological and economic development. Therefore, the educational standard aims to equip students with knowledge and skills necessary to capitalize on hum anity's rapid progress, utilize modern achievements, and become active members of society. Moving beyond passive recipients of knowledge, students should transform into active learners capable of applying acquired knowledge for professional success and societal benefit. The paper explores the objectives of technical and science education, effectively implemented through STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), an interdisciplinary practical teaching approach. STEM education empowers children to engage in experiments, make mistakes, and draw conclusions based on personal experiences rather than solely relying on textbook information. This approach fosters active student participation and cultivates competencies such as creative and critical t hinking, independent information processing, imagination, and interpretation skills. Moreover, STEM education plays a crucial role in shaping future professions that contribute to national development. While important projects have been implemented within the framework of the Millennium Program of the General Education School of Georgia to train STEM specialists, further efforts are needed. Effective school education and professional personnel training require a conducive school culture, qualified teachers, and abundant educational resources. To address this issue, our research utilized quantitative and qualitative methods, including questionnaire development, literature review, and analysis of international and local projects and training programs. These efforts aim to lay the groundwork for the preparation of STEM specialists. The paper seeks to answer key questions: Who should teach STEM, and how should STEM be taught? By ensuring the education of future generations capable of contributing to the country's economic development, political stability, andsecurity, we aim to foster a prosperous and sustainable society.
Challenges to Senior Professional Military Education. Observations from the Baltic Defence College
Authors: Eugeniusz Cieślak
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the main observations of the Higher Command Studies Course as a senior professional military education program at the Baltic Defence College, relating them to ongoing debates. It draws upon data from publicly available sources. The Higher Command Studies Course faces challenges similar to most of its Western counterparts. However, the unique ownership structure of the BALTDEFCOL, the curriculum of the course, and its faculty provide flexibility and responsiveness. These findings may be used to inform the debates on senior professional militaryeducation.
Effects of Physical and Psychological Stress on Cognitive Performance in Czech Army Students
Authors: Jana HORAKOVA  , Ivana NEKVAPILOVA
Published: November 2024

We present preliminary findings and partial analyses concerning the cognitive abilities and coping mechanisms of military students engaged in simulated combat scenarios. The Short Neuropsychological Battery (KNB) was used to measure cognitive abilities, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SVF-78) was used to assess stress coping strategies. Our initial data suggest that cognitive performance varies among individual students, although certain patterns emerge. Significant statistical variances were detected between pre-test and post-test assessments across cognitive domains, including attention, language, visuo-spatial aptitude, and executive functions.
Temporal Discontinuity of Defence Investment and Implementation in the Bucharest Nine Countries
Authors: Vojtěch MÜLLMER  , Kamil NEČAS
Published: November 2024

This study analyses the timing of acquisitions in B9 countries and shows the time lag that exists between investment and the ability to live up to the technology ordered. Delays in defence acquisitions are observed in the government decision-making and contract execution phases, highlighting the complexity of the procurement process. Despite significant investments, not all countries show an increase in defence capabilities. Acquisition of sophisticated systems appears to be the most time consuming, with significantly greater delays than for simpler systems.
Risk Analysis of Strategic Commodities in Customs Procedures in Relation to Global Security Threats
Authors: Jan MARKUP  , Magdalena NAPLAVOVA  , Petr ROZNAK
Published: November 2024

The paper analyses the impact of technological innovation on the risks associated with strategic commodities, means of control of the international trade with strategic commoditites and the need to adapt security measures to current needs. The paper analyses the risks of strategic commodities in customs management in the context of global security threats as a key element of the security and protection of national borders and the Union space in the context of national economic interests. The first step is to identify commodities that are key to the functioning of the national economy and the security of the country. The paper identifies and assesses potential threats and risks associated with strategic commodities, analyses the activities and activities of key suppliers of strategic commodities to the Czech Republic and their vulnerabilities. The paper identifies the geographical areas where these commodities are exported and the imbalance of exports due to political changes. The paper substantively identifies vulnerabilities in customs management and puts forward feasible measures to improve the situation in this area and looks at strategic commodities from two an economic and a security perspective. The second step, is interpretation of the results of export of the strategic commodities within third countries. The results shows that changes in the regulatory environment and legislative requirements have a significant impact on trade in strategic commodities. The last step - risk analysis presented in this area includes an assessment of the potential impact of changes in security and trade regulations and policies.
Mathematical Modelling of Segmentation Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Military Purposes
Authors: Mária ŽDÍMALOVÁ  , Nikita FEDORIN  , Nicolas TÓTH  , Kristína BORATKOVÁ
Published: November 2024

Digital image processing is the use of algorithms and mathematical models to process and analyze digital images. The goal of digital image processing is to enhance the quality of images, extract meaningful information from images, and automate image-based tasks. In this contribution we discuss and use mathematical modelling for segmentation of image data. We focus on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, which plays an important role in military area. Our own approach brings our own software for segmentation of SAR images. We use discrete mathematical models, graph cut, grab cut and random walker. Our own approach is in implementation of these algorithms and their implementation in programming languages as C, C++, and Python. We provide segmentation of noise images, and we focus on segmentation of paths, roads, objects, rivers etc. We provide segmentation of SAR images. We do preprocess and post processing of data based on requirements of authors. The advantage of our methods is in the better and clearer segmentations with better boundaries. Our solution can also proceed noise data, what is the big problem by SAR data analyses. We deal with SAR data, and we try to segment objects. There are some limitations for processing real image data. We cannot deal with data which has too many lines, or too big distances in shadow colors. Another limitation brings scaling of images and too big and too noisy data.