bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Xylopia aromatica by HS‑SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Junqueira João , do Nascimento Michelle , da Costa Lucas , Romualdo Lincoln , de Aquino Francisco , Abubakar Mustapha , Terezan Ana , Cunha Gustavo , Severino Vanessa
Published: January 2021

Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.
Stereolitografi (SLA) Tekniği ile Basılan 3 Boyutlu Polimer Yapılarda İkincil Kürleme Süresinin Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisi
Authors: AKTİTİZ İsmail , AYDIN Kadir , TOPCU Alparslan
Published: January 2021

Sıvı fotoduyarlı reçine ve lazer ışığı kullanılarak yüksek boyutsal hassasiyetin elde edildiği Stereolitografi (SLA) yöntemi, eklemeli imalat yöntemleri arasında en dikkat çeken tekniklerden birisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, SLA cihazı kullanılarak 3B polimer parçalar basılmış, ikincil kürleme süresinin polimer yapıların mekanik (çekme testi, çentik darbe testi) ve termal (diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC) analizi) özelliklerine etkisini incelemek için farklı sürelerde (30, 60, 180 ve 300 dk) UV ikincil kürleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. İşlem uygulanmış polimerlerin elastisite modülü değerinde yaklaşık %49’luk bir artış gerçekleşmiş ve 63,71 MPa mertebelerine ulaşılmıştır. DSC analiz sonuçları 180 dakika ve üzeri ikincil kürleme proseslerinin karbon-karbon çift bağlarının oluşması için yeterli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Ç2842, MS58 ve Al 6013 Malzemelerin Elektolitik Ni Kaplanmasında Kaplama Kalınlığı ve Yüzeysel Özelliklerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOÇAK Harun
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada elektolitik Ni kaplanmada Ç2842, MS58 ve Al 6013 malzemelerin etkisi ve kaplama sonrası yüzey pürüzlülüğünün değişimi incelenmiştir. Deneylerde Ç2842 çelik, MS58 pirinç ve Al 6013 alüminyum alaşımı malzemeler Ni ile kaplanmıştır. Bu malzemeler, torna tezgahında farklı ilerleme oranlarında (0,065-0,13 mm/dev) işlenerek numuneler üzerinde farklı yüzey pürüzlülükleri elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra numuneler üzerine Ni kaplanmıştır. Kaplama işlemi sonrasında kaplama kalınlığı ve kaplama sonrası yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçülmüş görüntülü incelmeler yapılarak kaplama kalitesi incelenmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda, diğer malzemelere göre MS 58 malzeme üzerinde daha kalın Ni tabakası (43 µm) elde edilmiştir. Kaplanan malzemenin elektriksel iletkenliğinin yüksek olması kaplama hızını arttırmaktadır. Ancak iletkenlik değerinin düşük olması kaplama yüzeyinin kalitesini iyileştirmektedir. Çelik malzemenin kaplama sayesinde yüzey pürüzlülüğü değeri %33-57 aralığında azalmıştır. Al 6013 malzemede, kaplama sonrası yüzey pürüzlülüğü %94-107 oranında artmakla beraber çukur şeklinde yüzeysel hatalar ortaya çıkmaktadır.
24 Ocak 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Depreminin Şartlı Olasılığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇOBAN Kaan Hakan , SAYIL Nilgün
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada dört farklı istatistiksel dağılım modeli (Weibull, Rayleigh, üstel ve log-normal dağılım modelleri) uygulanarak 24 Ocak 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) depreminin şartlı olasılığı hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamalar için, bölgede 1900 yılı ile 2019 yılları arasında meydana gelmiş M≥4,7 depremlerin tekrarlama periyotları kullanılmıştır. Modeller ile kullanılan veri arasındaki uyum ilişkisi üç farklı test kriteri (Olabilirlik değeri (lnL), Akaike ve Bayesian bilgi kriteri) ile değerlendirilirmiştir. Log-normal model, çalışma verisini en iyi temsil eden model olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Sivrice (Elazığ) depreminin şartlı olasılık değerleri (t=0 ve te=2 için); Log-normal modele göre %80, üstel modele göre %72, Weibull modele göre %70, Rayleigh modele göre %36 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF RADIATION EXPOSURE ON A QUARTZ CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND SIGNAL ANALYSIS THERMOLUMINESCENT
Authors: Sheinkman Vladimir S. , Erina Yuliya Yu. , Simonov Oleg A.
Published: January 2021

Developing thermoluminescent (TL) dating methods for quartz-containing deposits has required a series of numerical experiments within the framework of the band model to study the rate of electron accumulation in quartz crystal structure defects under radioactive radiation. The crystal model contained two different types of electron traps and one emission center. A system of differential equations was solved numerically, relating the rates of change in the electron concentration in defects of the crystal structure and the electron concentration in the conduction band and holes in the valence band.
The results have shown that the intense radiation exposure alters the dynamic equilibrium concentration of electrons in the traps, which significantly modifies the TL signal. In accordance with this, the sensitivity marker material to the radioactive dose, required for absolute dating and received by its intense radiation exposure, cannot be determined correctly. In addition, the numerical experiments have confirmed the possibility of dating the samples by the position of the TL signal’s maximum on the time axis, as well as the possibility of obtaining the dating by the TL signal’s amplitude.
MODEL OF THE EVOLUTION OF A BINARY HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION FILM UNDER THERMAL ACTION
Authors: Borodina Kseniia A.
Published: January 2021

The research on the motion of liquid films has recently become increasingly important, which is associated with the expanding field of their practical application. For example, the promising methods of cooling include the technologies based on the evaporation of a thin layer of liquid. Based on the Marangoni effects, optical elements of medical diagnostics systems can be developed, the performance of which can be quickly reconfigured for the necessary tasks in comparison with the currently used movable lenses. Many authors in Russia and abroad are engaged in a comprehensive theoretical study of film flows, which should not lag behind the studies of the possibilities of their application. At the same time, the motion of films of a binary homogeneous solution has not been studied enough, and this is the object of this study. This paper considers the behavior of a liquid film containing a volatile component when it is heated. The importance of taking into account the Laplace pressure jump at the interface is indicated, as well as the effect of surface curvature on the saturated vapor pressure. Formulation of the problem is formalized in a limited volume. The stability of the numerical scheme was investigated by the harmonics method. The results confirm the reliability of the model by testing it on a number of problems with analytical solutions: preservation of a liquid volume when a film in a gravity field touches a vertical wall; determination of the profile of the liquid layer with uneven heating of the substrate; mass balance at uniform heating and cooling.
Risk Prediction Models and Scores in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gossios Thomas D. , Savvatis Konstantinos , Zegkos Thomas , Parcharidou Despina , Karvounis Haralambos I. , Efthimiadis Georgios K.
Published: January 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has historically been linked with sudden cardiac death (SCD).
Currently, it is well established that only a subset of patients is at the highest risk stratum for such a catastrophic
event. Detection of patients belonging to this high-risk category can allow for timely defibrillator implantation,
changing the natural history of HCM. Inversely, device implantation in patients deemed at low risk leads to an
unnecessary burden of device complications with no apparent protective benefit. Previous studies have identified
a series of markers, now considered established risk factors, with genetic testing and newer imaging allowing
for the detection of novel, highly promising indices of increased risk for SCD. Despite the identification of
a number of risk factors, there is noticeable discrepancy in the utility of such factors for risk stratification between
the current American and European guidelines. We sought to systematically review the data available on
these two approaches, presenting their rationale and respective predictive capacity, also discussing the potential
of novel markers to augment the precision of currently used risk stratification models for SCD in HCM.
Antibiotic Adjuvants: A Promising Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Sharma Namita , Chhillar Anil K. , Dahiya Sweety , Choudhary Pooja , Punia Aruna , Gulia Prity
Published: January 2021

The escalating emergence and prevalence of infections caused by multi-drug resistant
(MDR) pathogenic bacteria accentuate the crucial need to develop novel and effectual therapeutic
strategies to control this threat. The recent past surprisingly indicates a staggering decline in effective
strategies against MDR. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance,
but the question still lingers over the astounding number of drugs already tried and tested.
Furthermore, the detection of new drug targets and the action of new antibacterial agents against already
existing drug targets also complicate the condition. Antibiotic adjuvants are considered as
one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. Adjuvants can potentiate the action
of generally adopted antibacterial drugs against MDR bacterial pathogens either by minimizing
the impact and emergence of resistance or improving the action of antibacterial drugs. This review
provides an overview of the mechanism of antibiotic resistance, the main types of adjuvants
and their mode of action, achievements and progression.
3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Advantages and Challenges
Authors: Desu Prasanna Kumar , Maddiboyina Balaji , Vanitha Kondi , Rao Gudhanti Shiva Naga Koteswara , Anusha Rapuri , Jhawat Vikas
Published: January 2021

Three Dimensional (3D) printing is a promising method for quick prototyping and manufacturing
of any material. It is similar to photocopy or printing, where the new materials are formed
on layers (3D) like their mother component. Following its growth and advancement in the 1980s,
its application in pharmaceuticals is still limited. It has become one of the most innovative and influential
tools serving as a technology for developing dosage forms from the last decade. The potential
of 3D printing to produce drugs for precise measurement customized to specific patients' needs
has shown the possibility of developing personalized medicines to novel dosage forms. The breakthrough
allows the clear perception of the dosage structures on different shapes, sizes, surfaces and
the associated challenges in delivering them by using such designed conditions. There are different
difficulties related to the correct utilization of 3D imprinting in the pharmaceuticals, which have a
strong impact on the scope of this technology. Recent advancements in the field of 3D printing
technology used in the pharmaceutical industry mainly focused on different techniques for the fabrication
of different dosage forms. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recent approval of
the first 3D prescription highlights possibilities for 3D printing innovation in the field of pharmaceutical
drug supply. This analysis assesses 3D printing advancement possibilities, particularly in
the area of custom prescriptions. This technology can be regarded as the future produced on demand,
low-cost solid dosage forms and helps minimize side effects due to overdose.
A Comprehensive Review on Pellets as a Dosage Form in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Handattu Maithri S. , Thirumaleshwar Shailesh , Prakash Gowrav M. , Somareddy Hemanth K. , Veerabhadrappa Gangadharappa H.
Published: January 2021

Oral route of administration is widely accepted and desired because of its versatility,
convenience, and, most importantly, patient compliance. Multiparticulate systems like granules
and pellets are more advantageous when compared to single-unit dosage forms, as they are capable
of distributing the drug more evenly in the gastrointestinal tract. The current paper focuses on pellets,
the merits and demerits associated, various pelletization techniques, and their characterization.
It also focuses on how pellets can be employed for drug delivery is controlled and sustained release
formulations. It gives a complete emphasis on the drug and excipients that can be used in pellet formation,
the marketed formulations, and the research pertaining to pellets.
A Review on Exploring Better Safety Prospects in Managing Cancer using Liposomal Combinations of Food Bioactive Compounds and Anticancer Drugs: Combisomes
Authors: Dubey Akhilesh , Shriram Ravi G. , El-Zahaby Sally A.
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting an annually enormous number
of people. Around 9.6 million people had died from different cancer types in 2018. Chemotherapy
is considered to be a mainline treatment, and systemic administration of a single anticancer
agent is also considered a vital clinical debacle of chemotherapy in cancer management. The formulators
have been focusing currently onto procuring maximum benefit with the lowest aftereffects
and maximum safety and efficacy for the patients undergoing chemotherapy. This review offers a
perspective on the future developments of encapsulating food bioactive compounds with anticancer
agents in a multifunctional single nanoliposomal delivery system. In the last decade, the paradigm
shift was seen in formulating drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Currently, food bioactive
compounds are being taken as a hot subject by researchers, especially for the treatment of cancer
owing to both preventative and curative quality. This review collects the utilization of liposomes in
the delivery of anticancer drugs by encapsulating with food bioactive compounds by the oral administration.
The authors coined the name of this combination is “Combisomes” as a fourth generation
liposomes. Authors opine that “Combisomes” can tackle cancer minimizing side effects encountered
from the usual anticancer agents. “Combisomes” will purvey a safe platform for the delivery
of food bioactive compounds and anticancer agents for managing cancer with better safety
prospects.
Studies Towards the Synthesis of the Pyrido[1,2-a]azepine Alkaloids
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan
Published: January 2021

This study describes the synthesis of the pyrido[1,2-a]azepine alkaloids. The bicyclic compound
1 containing the A-B core ring structure was synthesized in 17 steps in 1.7% overall yield starting
from 4-pentyn-1-ol. The key steps involve an oxidation of 1,4 diol to lactone and an ene-yne ring closing
metathesis reaction.
Recent Advances on the Electric Vehicle Heat Pump Air Conditioning System
Authors: Peng Bin , Zhang Yubo , Zhang Pengcheng , Ullah Hanif
Published: January 2021

Background:

Heat pump air conditioning technology has broad application prospects and high
market value in the field of electric automobiles owing to its increasing performance and energy saving. Pure
electric vehicles require high-energy consumption at low temperatures, which seriously affects the popularity of
electric vehicles with a heat pump air conditioning system.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to describe the recent developments in the study of the heat pump
air conditioning system for electric vehicles.

Methods:

This paper summarizes the research work of scholars published worldwide based on the electric
vehicle heat pump air conditioning system, premised on lately published patents and journal articles.
Starting from the components of the air conditioning system, focusing on the research results and development
trends that have been achieved in this field.

Results:

The new technology path and pattern of the electrical vehicle heat pump air conditioning system
provide methods and suggestions for future growth, put forward by the current development situation.

Conclusion:

The latest progress of the electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system has been summarized
and prospected. There are still some problems and technical bottlenecks in heat pump air conditioning
system. It is of great significance to improve the environmental adaptability of electric vehicles
and optimize the reasonable heat pump air conditioning system for the endurance of electric vehicles.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Performance of Refrigerator and Air Conditioning Using Gaussian Process Regression and Support Vector Methods
Authors: Sharma Harinarayan , Kumari Sonam , Dutt Aniket K. , Kumar Pawan , Makhatha Mamookho E.
Published: January 2021

Aim:

Develop machine learning models for the performance of refrigerator and airconditioning system.

Background:

The Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of Refrigerator and Air-Conditioning (RAC) is a
complex function of evaporative temperature and concentration of nano-particle in lubricants. In recent
years, researchers focus on experimental study for improvement of COP. Further, few researchers
applied simulation techniques such as fuzzy system, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), simulated
annealing, etc. to the Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) cycle. There is a scarcity of modeling
research work for the performance of RAC system.

Objective:

The study aims to develop the machine learning predictive models for the performance of
refrigerator and air-conditioning system using experimental data.

Methods:

The experiment was performed on VCR system to determine COP. Three different concentration of
lubricants (added 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5g nano-TiO2 particle on 1 liter of Polyolester (POE) oil) were used. The
experimentally calculated COP was used to train and test the machine learning models. Gaussian Process
Regression (GPR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) methods were applied to develop the models.

Results:

The experimental result reveals that the COP increases with increasing the concentration (of nano
particles) at a given temperature. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0g TiO2 in the POE oil shows better rate of
increment in the COP in comparison to addition of 1.5g TiO2 in the POE oil. Machine learning models using
GPR and SVR with RBF kernel function is the most appropriate machine learning model for the nonlinear
relationship between the output parameter (COP) and the input parameter (evaporative temperature and
concentration of TiO2).

Conclusion:

The present study was conducted to investigate the machine learning approaches for performance
of RAC system using experimental data sets. The experimental result shows that R134a and TiO2-POE nanolubricant work efficiently and the coefficient of performance of VCR system increases with concentration of
nano-particle. The developed model performance is compared using coefficient of correlation and RSME
values. After comparison, it is concluded that RBF based GPR model is the best fit machine learning model to
predict the COP in the context of any other model for this data set.
Microstructure Evolution of Yttria Compacts by Powder Technology
Authors: Santos Silas Cardoso , Junior Orlando Rodrigues , Campos Leticia
Published: January 2021

Background:

Innovation in ceramic materials relies on processing of powders. Yttria also known as yttrium
oxide belongs to rare earths group, which usual form is RE2O3 (RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y). Due to great end
use of RE based materials since agriculture until astronomy, the main economies such as United States of America and
European Union addressed REs as critical materials. The aim of this paper is to obtain dense compacts of yttria by powder
technology, in which the effect of sintering temperature on samples microstructure is evaluated.

Methods:

Yttria powders (Y2O3) were used as starting material, being characterized by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
(PCS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Powder compacts in cylindrical shape formed by
uniaxial compaction, followed by hydrostatic compaction were evaluated by means of apparent density. Sintered samples
under sintering temperatures from 1350 to 1550ºC were evaluated by SEM, XRD, apparent density, and true density.

Results:

Cubic C-type yttria powders exhibited mean particle size (d50) of 1.6μm, and morphology like acicular. Powder
compacts (diameter x height) of 9.57mm ± 0.01 x 1.53mm ± 0.01 presented mean apparent density of 53.69% (based on
free powder density). As sintered samples at 1550ºC, exhibited the most densification 65.0% related to green density and
91.0% related to theoretical density, respectively.

Conclusion :

Yttria cylindrical compacts with dense microstructure and symmetric dimensions were formed by powder
technology from powders with mean particle size of 6.51μm, by compaction methods (uniaxial and hydrostatic), followed
by sintering. The most densification of samples was achieved by the sintering condition of 1550ºC for 2h, providing samples
with theoretical density of 91%. These results provide useful subsidies to advance toward full densification of ytrria based
materials.
Mass-suspension Polymerization Process as an Efficient Tool to Produce Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Mota Mariaugusta F. , Araruna Thainá , Campelo Nathália M. , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia F. , Ferreira Gabriella R. , Machado Fabricio
Published: January 2021

Background:

This work presents the preparation and characterization of the polymeric
nanocomposites based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and natural and modified
clays. The clays used to prepare the composite were natural green bentonite (GBC-N) and
organophilic clays modified with ammonium quaternary salts: Praepagen (GCB-P), Dodigen
(GCB-D) and Praepagen/Dodigen mixture 1:1 in weight (GCB-P/D).

Objective:

The experimental studies focused on the evaluation of the effect of clays (in nature and
chemically modified) on the final quality of the polymeric nanocomposites containing around 3
wt%. of clay nanocharges in association with MMA to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)/clays,
and MMA/EA to form poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/clays.

Methods:

The poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/-
clay materials were synthesized through mass-suspension polymerization process. The natural and
modified green bentonite clays were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared
spectroscopy (IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to understand its effect on the basal spacing,
d001 (compared to the pure clay), as a result of cation exchange step, which also improved the thermal
efficiency of the final nanocomposites.

Results:

The proper incorporation of MMA and MMA/EA monomers between the layers of natural
and modified clays occurred through in situ mass-suspension polymerization, leading to a successful
exfoliation of clay layers during the growth of the polymer chains.

Conclusion:

The IR, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the improvement in the thermal
property of the composites compared to polymers formed in the absence of clays. The experimental
results are very promising, indicating that the experimental protocol based on the in situ formation
of polymer nanocomposites by using sequential mass-suspension polymerization consisting of
an interesting tool.
Pengaruh Pemberian Informasi Obat Antihipertensi Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Pasien Peserta Prolanis di Puskesmas Gedangan Kabupaten Malang
Authors:   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Lawuningtyas Hariadini Ayuk , Secsiandre Ade Pamungkas Septian ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Sidharta Bambang ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular disease especially hypertension requires proper treatment because it can cause complication such as stroke, heart failure and kidney disease. Provision of drug informasion is one of the factors that can increase the patient’s knowledge in understanding the illness so that it can affect the patient’s level of medication adherence. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of providing drug information on the level of knowledge and adherence of hypertensive patients at Gedangan Health Center in Malang Districs. This research method is a quasi-experimental with one group pre-test post-test design. Purposive sampling method was used to the selection of respondents. There were 68 respondents who met the inclusion criteria was found. Hypertension patients are patients that registered in the chronic disease management program at Gedangan Health Center. The instrument used in this study was a knowledge questionnaire consisting 22 questions, as well as the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) adherencequestionnaire, whichhad previously been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the study were seen from the knowledge and compliance questionnaire score pre-test and post-test. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya has ethically approved the research by the number 80/EC/KEPK-S1-FARM/04/2020. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using paired t-test to determine the relationship between the two variables. Paired t-test scores showed that the level of knowledge increased significantly (p = 0. 000) and adherence increased significantly (p = 0. 000) after drug information administration. The conclusion of this study was that there was a significant difference between the level of knowledge and adherence before and after the provision of drug information at Gedangan Health Center of Malang Regency.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PASCABEDAH APENDISITIS AKUT DI RSUD KABUPATEN PASURUAN TAHUN 2018 (Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Kabupaten Pasuruan)
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia, Anggraini Wirda , Beta Wiraningtias Novia ,   Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia, Rizkiah Inayatilah Fidia ,   Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia, Yen Ari Indrawijaya Yen ,   Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Acute appendicitis is an infection that occurs in vermiform appendix, and because of that it needs to do appendectomy immediately. Appendectomy is included in clean contaminated operation category which allows Surgical Site Infection (SSI). The antibiotics use in post-surgical patients to prevent the infections. The aims of this study to identify profile and determine the quantity and quality of antibiotics use. This study used cross sectional study with retrospective data on patient’s medical records after surgery for acute appendicitis in General Hospital Pasuruan Regency on January-December 2018. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The result of this study showed that the highest profile of the antibiotic use for mono therapy was Cefuroxime (25.81%) and for combination therapy were Phosphomycin + Metronidazole (8.06%) and Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole (8.06%). The quantity of antibiotics use by using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) method was obtained total DDD value 52.01 DDD/100 patient-days with the highest antibiotic was Metronidazole parenteral route 14.00 DDD/100 patient-days. Antibiotics included in Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%) segment were (Metronidazole, Ceftriaxone, Phosphomycin, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin) by parenteral route. The quality of antibiotics use based on the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) Guidelines, appropriate indication (11.86%), appropriate dose (52,54%), appropriate interval (22,03%), appropriate route (96.61%) and appropriate duration of treatment (28.81%).
Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi Terhadap Pasien Rawat Jalan Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang
Authors:   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang,  Indonesia, Anggraini Wirda , Rezki Puspitasari Melisa ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang,  Indonesia, Ramadhani Dwi Atmaja Ria ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang,  Indonesia, Sugihantoro Hajar ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang,  Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Antibiotics are drugs that work to kill and or inhibit bacterial growth. Antibiotics are a class of prescriptions drugs that are widely used in the management of pharmacological therapy. Antibiotic knowledge must be used rationally and requires knowledge for the patient. Low levels of knowledge about the use of antibiotics can lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics, so there is a risk of causing side effects of antibiotics. Providing education is one way that can be used to increase knowledge about rational use of antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of education on the use of antibiotics on outpatients at Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency. This type of research was an Quasi-experimental by using one group pre-test post-test and prospective with sampling using accidental sampling technique data collection of 62 respondents. The result of the research showed that in pre test 44% respondents were having lack antibiotic-use knowledge, 35% respondents were having sufficient antibiotic-use knowledge, and 21% respondents were having good antibiotic-use knowledge. In post-test, 3% respondents belong to low-category, 15% respondents belong to medium-category, and 82% respondents belong to high-category. The T-test showed differences in scores between before and after being given education with a significance value of 0.00 (p value <0.05). The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of providing education on the level of knowledge of outpatients in Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency.
Nommer les personnages perses dans le roman grec : les choix de Chariton, Callirhoé, et d’Héliodore, les Éthiopiques
Authors: Robiano Patrick
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the naming of Persian characters in two Greek novels, Chariton’s Callirhoe and Heliodorus’ Aithiopika. It is an attempt to consider how each novelist chooses Persian names. If Persian names are well-known, they give an impression of historical reality ; if they are new, they induce readers to look for their meaning. The part played by homonymy and intertextuality  is pivotal. In Heliodorus, complexity is very great : Ethiopian characters have Persian names, as if Ethiopians were in fact Persians, that is to say descendants from the hero Perseus, who is also the ancestor of Persian people through his son Perses. It is significant that the queen of Ethiopia is called Persinna. Ethnic identities are therefore to be redefined.
Исследование механизма записи мультиплексных брэгговских дифракционных решеток с планарным вводом-выводом оптического излучения в стеклянных световодах
Authors: Одиноков С.Б. , Шишова М.В. , Жердев А.Ю. , Лушников Д.С. , Маркин В.В.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the recording of multiplex Bragg diffraction gratings for optical lightguide displays using an optical replication method with a phase mask. The lightguides in the experiment were made of photo-thermo-refractive glass. A photoresist relief-phase diffraction grating was used as a phase mask. Based on angle multiplexing, a compact augmented reality display was implemented.
Экспериментальное исследование изображающего объектива на основе дифракционных линз, корректирующих аберрации
Authors: Скиданов Р.В. , Ганчевская С.В. , Васильев В.С. , Подлипнов В.В.
Published: January 2021

We have considered the simplest lens consisting of refractive and diffractive lenses, in which the shape of the diffractive lens compensates for the main geometric aberrations. We have considered a way to calculate such a system based on minimizing chromatic aberration. We presented the results of an experiment in which the modulation transfer function of a hybrid lens was directly determined.
Исследование эффектов нестационарности при набухании полимерных мембран с помощью фурье ИК-спектроскопии
Authors: Бункин Н.Ф. , Козлов В.А. , Кирьянова М.С. , Сафроненков Р.С. , Болоцкова П.Н. , Горелик В.С. , Джураев Й. , Сабиров Л.М. , Применко А.Э. , Vu M.T.
Published: January 2021

В экспериментах по ИК фурье-спектроскопии изучен режим набухания полимерной мембраны Нафион в воде, залитой в кювету, характерный размер которой порядка толщины самой мембраны. Интерес к этим исследованиям обусловлен тем фактом, что при набухании Нафиона в кювете, размер которой много больше толщины мембраны, происходит эффективное "разматывание" полимерных волокон в объем воды. Однако этот процесс не был изучен в случае, когда область, которую могут занять размотанные в объеме жидкости полимерные волокна, ограничена размером кюветы. Показано, что в этом случае временная динамика перехода полимера из гидрофобного в гидрофильное состояние имеет ряд специфических особенностей, которые зависят от размера кюветы, а также от изотопного состава, содержания ионов и предварительной обработки воды. Ключевые слова: ИК фурье-спектроскопия, коэффициент пропускания, полимерные мембраны, гидрофобность и гидрофильность.
Структура R-=SUB=-1-=/SUB=- и R-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- полос изотопов иона Cr-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в монокристалле рубина при комнатной температуре
Authors: Аракелян В.С. , Бутаева Т.И. , Мужикян П.Г. , Заргарян Д.Г. , Костанян Р.Б.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The absorption and luminescence spectra of the R1 and R2 bands in a ruby Al2O3:Cr3+ (0,05%) single crystal at room temperature were studied. The luminescence bands have been obtained both by excitation of the crystal by the radiation of a halogen lamp and by selective excitation of the two upper levels of the 2T1 state using the radiation of a laser diode with a tunable wavelength (656-662 nm). In the spectra of selectively excited luminescence bands, four different displacements of the R1 and R2 bands and four different distances between these bands have been detected, the change of which is a multiple of ~ 0.52 cm-1. A detailed comparative analysis of the obtained spectra of the luminescence bands and their absorption allowed us to determine the combined structure of each of the R1 and R2 bands, formed by additional doublets of these bands of all four stable isotopes of ions 50Cr3+, 52Cr3+, 53Cr3+ and 54Cr3+. The splitting of the obtained doublets varies from 7.04 to 9.14 cm-1 depend on the mass of the isotope
Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Prices in Mexico: A Study of the Main Border and Non-Border Cities
Authors: Saucedo Eduardo , Gonzalez Jorge
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes the exchange rate pass-through effect on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Mexico's main border and 27 non-border metropolitan cities. The period examined includes monthly data from January 2002 to December 2019. A vector autoregressive model (VAR) is used, which includes formal employment at the city level as a proxy to economic development, interest rates, nominal exchange rates, each analyzed city’s CPI, U.S. consumer prices, energy commodity prices and control variables such as service sector employment share and large firm employment share. Impulse response functions are constructed. Results for the 2002-2016 period indicate that exchange rate changes primarily affect border cities. Different arguments are included to justify such results. Pass-through values are also found to increase in general for all cities when the period 2017-2019 (January 2017 when important gasoline price shocks started previous its price liberalization in December 2017) is included in the regressions.
Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) Schemes: a pension system alternative
Authors: da Costa Morais Gustavo , Cardoso Novo Carolina , Picinini Méxas Mirian
Published: January 2021

This article aims to discuss the main concepts related to notional defined contribution (NDC) schemes and to analyze the experiences of Sweden, Italy, Latvia, Poland and Norway. The methodology is based on a literature review. The main result was that the extent of NDC as a pension system alternative depends on the degree of closeness to the generic scheme. It is recommended to analyze NDC as an alternative for pension system reforms considering its capacity to control structural deficits. As a limitation, it was not analyzed some possible social impacts of NDC introduction. This article is original because encompasses theoretical and practical aspects of NDC schemes. It is expected that this research can contribute to assist public officials in decision-making about reforms in pension systems.
PREVALENCE OF UNCOLLECTED MEDICINES AT TWO HEALTH CENTERS IN BRUNEI
Authors: KIFLI NUROLAINI , ISMAIL NAJWA RASHIDAH , KHENG CHUA LAH
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was designed to achieve a better knowledge of uncollected medicines at two health centers in Brunei.
Methods: Patients with prescriptions prepared at two community pharmacies but did not collect them within 1 week from March 2020 to April 2020 were included in this study. A telephone interview was conducted to discover why they did not collect their medicines.
Results: A total of 43 patients completed the study, giving a rate of 0.85% uncollected prescriptions. A proportion of 24% of the uncollected medicines was cardiovascular drugs, 35% belonged to participants who forgot to collect their medicines, and 14% were uncollected due to participants being too busy.
Conclusion: Further studies should be done to identify interventions that could decrease the number of uncollected medicines.
GLIMPSE STUDY: IMPACT OF TRIPLE THERAPY ON LUNG FUNCTION, HEALTH STATUS, AND MORTALITY RISK IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: HEBA SALVA FATIMA , ALI SYED AAMIR , ALEEMUDDIN NAVEED MOHAMMED , MEHRIN SALWA , GULNAAZ MAARIA , FATIMA NAUSHEEN
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the relative impact of triple therapy on lung function, health status, and mortality risk compared with combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist (LABA) therapy in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with frequent exacerbations in an Indian clinical population.

Methodology: The GLIMPSE (Lung Function, Health Status, and Mortality Risk Assessment in COPD using Triple Therapy) was as a prospective, parallel design, single-center observational study comparing 24 weeks of triple therapy (twice-daily combination of budesonide [BUD]-formoterol [FOR] [100/6 μg] and once-daily tiotropium [TIO] [9 μg]) with ICS/LABA (twice daily BUD-FOR [100/6 μg]). The primary outcome was the mean change in forced expiratory volume in the 1st s (FEV1%) predicted and COPD assessment test total score from baseline at week 24. Secondary outcomes were variation in dyspnea grade and BODE total score from baseline.

Results: At week 24 in triple therapy (n=70) and ICS/LABA therapy (n=70), mean difference from baseline in FEV1% predicted were 5.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–9.50) and 1.90 (95% CI: –1.87–5.68) respectively, and mean difference in CAT total score from baseline was –5.10 units (95% CI: –3.49–−6.71) and –1.80 units (95% CI: –0.052–−3.548), respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant reduction in dyspnea grading and BODE score with comparable adverse events in both groups.

Conclusion: Overall, the results favored triple therapy over dual therapy in advanced symptomatic COPD patients.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Authors: RAVAL JIGNYASA , YAGNIK ANKITA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate buccal-adhesive tablets of buspirone hydrochloric acid (HCl) that avoids gastric degradation and first-pass metabolism, thereby increasing the drug bioavailability and onset of action. Buspirone HCl belongs to a class anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds.

Methods: In the present work, different ratios of Gantrez MS 955 along with Carbopol 934 were studied to give bioadhesive strength. A 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of Gantrez MS 955 concentration (X1) and Carbopol 934 concentration (X2).

Results: Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent variables significantly affected the dependent variables (bioadhesive strength [Y1], Q2 [Y2], Q3 [Y3], Q4 [Y4]). On the basis of multiple linear regression analysis and contour plot evaluation, it was found that the combination of two polymers possessed excellent mucoadhesive properties allowing ease of application and removal of the tablets from the buccal mucosa.

Conclusion: The formulation batch A9 fulfilled all the criteria set from the desirability search. From the in vitro diffusion study, flux was calculated for the optimized batch. A study of the effect of tablet diameter and the environmental factors on the bioadhesion of the tablet was done. To study the environmental factor on bioadhesion, prehydration time and contact time were considered. Results found that increase in prehydration time decrease in bioadhesive strength and increase in contact time increased bioadhesive strength. Thus, a stable buccoadhesive formulation optimized for formulation ingredients and process parameters was prepared successfully.
THERAPEUTIC INDICES OF SOME ANTIFUNGAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: J. NIDIRY EUGENE SEBASTIAN
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic indices (TIs) some antifungal organic compounds and to compare their safety.

Methods: TIs of 55 organic compounds were evaluated by dividing their mammalian toxicity values given as median lethal doses ([mg/kg] rat, oral) collected from literature by experimentally determined fungitoxicity values evaluated as median effective concentration (EC50 [mg/L]) for the mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar medium.

Results: Large variations in TIs are observed in different classes of compounds, namely, alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, and aldehydes. The relationship between carbon chain length of saturated monohydric alcohols and mammalian toxicity shows that toxicity increases from chain length 1 to 5, declines from 5 to 6, increases from 6 to 7, and steadily declines from 7 to 10. Thus, the relationship is by and large parabolic. The relationship between carbon chain length and molar antifungal activity is also parabolic. In spite of this, large differences are found in TIs making 1-decanol (TI=42.1) a very safe antifungal compound and 1-pentanol (TI=0.17) a hazardous antifungal compound. This is because mammalian toxicity reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 5, while in the case of antifungal activity, it reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 10.

Conclusions: Among the 55 compounds, whose TIs were evaluated, some compounds with high TIs (>10) which can be considered safe as antifungal compounds are citronellol, geraniol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and propionic acid. Some compounds with low TIs (<0.50) which can be considered hazardous as antifungal compounds are resorcinol, hydroquinone, oxalic acid, and acetyl acetone.
COMPARISON OF VASOPRESSIN AND PHENYLEPHRINE IN TREATMENT OF DOPAMINE RESISTANT SEPTIC SHOCK – A RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: PATRO MADHUSMITA , MODA NUPUR , DAS SUSHREE , BISWAL PRERNA
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Septic shock is associated with refractory hypotension and organ dysfunction and remains an important cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Vasopressors are the first-line treatment. The present study aims to compare vasopressin and phenylephrine in the management of dopamine-resistant septic shock in the ICU setting.

Methods: The study is a prospective, open-labeled, and randomized study comparing the effects of vasopressin (Group I) and phenylephrine (Group II) in the management of dopamine resistant septic shock in intensive care set up. The parameters recorded from 0 to 6 h after persistent hypotension despite maximum dose of dopamine were: Heart rate (HR) (beats/min), systemic blood pressure (mmHg), cardiac output (L/min), cardiac index (CI) (L/min/m2), stroke volume (ml), systemic vascular resistance index (dynes/cm5/m2), oxygen delivery index (IDO) (ml O2/min/m2), urine output (ml), and serum lactate (mg/dl).

Results: There was a significant difference in HR, systolic blood pressure, cardiac output, and CI in both groups from 1 h to 6 h. The IDO had a significant rise in Group II. The serum lactate level also decreased in Group II at 6 h.

Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that as organ perfusion and oxygenation are more important for the treatment of septic shock and to keep the vital organs functioning rather than to increase the systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, phenylephrine showed a better result than vasopressin in the treatment of septic shock.