bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-lens component used for a LWIR field-integral gas spectral imager
Authors: Xu Huanyao , Xu Liang , Zhu Wanjiang , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2024

This paper reports a miniature multi-lens component used for a LWIR field-integral gas spectral imager. The component is designed for crosstalk minimization and consists of a 4∗3 array of micro-lenses and a detector. To reduce the cost, the detector is uncooled and the optical parameters of the 12 micro-imaging lenses are identical. These include 3.38 mm focal length and 35° field-of-view. The F/# is designed to be 1.2 to increase the luminous flux of the imager. After image quality evaluation and tolerance analysis, the micro-imaging lens has good imaging quality, is insensitive to tolerances, and is easy to fabricate. To enhance the environmental stability of the component, a temperature control system was designed to depress the temperature drift. In addition, the athermalization of the micro-imaging lens was beneficial. The performance test of the component shows that the NETD of the 12 micro-imaging lenses is less than 90 mK and most of them are less than 65 mK, and an image of an ethylene gas cloud observed by the component is also shown. The component has been integrated to the spectral imagers, and crosstalk is analyzed.
Transport SDN architecture for multi-layer transport slicing
Authors: Armingol Robles Pablo , González de Dios Óscar , Giménez Juan Pedro Fernandez-Palacios , Contreras Luis M. , Roelens Liesbeth , Muñiz Da Costa Alejandro , Velázquez Martínez Javier , De La Osa Mostazo David
Published: June 2024

The proposed architecture advances the concept of network slicing, crucial for beyond 5G services, by enabling dynamic resource allocation and customized partitioning in managed network infrastructures. This architecture addresses the challenges of provisioning end-to-end (E2E) slices across diverse network domains, which is complicated by technological heterogeneity and the variety of vendor solutions. By introducing a standardized transport network solution, we ensure seamless integration, equitable treatment of service requests, and the ability to meet diverse demands. The architecture is centered around a multi-layer transport network slicing architecture, which allows for the division of transport networks into virtual autonomous segments, each tailored for specific services or applications. This segmentation is essential for providing differentiated and personalized 5G services, optimizing network performance, and maximizing resource application. A key component of this architecture is the transport slice controller (TSC), which controls the provision and life-cycle management of transport slices, ensuring a standardized approach in the industry for the definition and realization of slices.
High precision wavefront correction method in interferometer testing
Authors: Wu Lunzhe , Zhao Liangxiao , Fang Yuanyuan , Walker David , Yu Guoyu , Li Hongyu , Bu Yang
Published: June 2024

A wavefront correction method is proposed for high-precision optic surfacing, addressing the discrepancy between wavefront and real surface errors in Fizeau interferometer testing. We believe this to be a proposed novel method that encompasses optical surface function parameters fitting, lateral distortion correction, misalignment error removal, and sag surface error calculation. The method's error has been thoroughly analyzed, including aspects of function parameters fitting, ray tracing, and interpolation. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by correcting the wavefront of an off-axis parabolic mirror in null testing configurations, significantly reducing artificially created annular errors and improving off-axis direction errors from 0.23λ to 0.05λ (λ=632.8 nm), with the PV of aspheric departures exceeding 8.5 mm.
Ultra-broadband microwave absorber based on disordered metamaterials
Authors: Gao Ju , Li Zonghui , Jin Zhangziyi , Che Xin
Published: June 2024

Metamaterial absorption technology plays an increasingly important role in military and civilian sectors, serving crucial functions in communication, radar technology, and electromagnetic cloaking. However, traditional metamaterial absorbers are predominantly composed of periodic structures, thus limiting their absorption bandwidth, polarization, and angular flexibility. This study employs disordered structures, utilizing their randomness and diversity, to optimize and enhance the performance of periodic structure metamaterial absorbers. Building upon a well-designed periodic perfect absorption structure, a uniform distribution function is introduced to analyze the effects of positional and size disorder on the absorptive properties of the metamaterial. The mechanisms of the disorder are further investigated through simulation analysis. Subsequently, an innovative approach based on disorder engineering for broadband enhancement of metamaterial absorbers is proposed. Numerical simulation results and experimental validations demonstrate that absorbers constructed using this method significantly broaden the absorption bandwidth while maintaining excellent angular and polarization stability. This research not only offers a new method for the design and performance optimization of metamaterial absorbers but also provides a theoretical foundation for the development of metamaterial self-assembly techniques.
Quarter-wave Pancharatnam–Berry phase gradient liquid crystal-enabled dual-polarization optical edge detection
Authors: He Yanliang , Jiang Tao , Yang Zhi , Liu Tingting , Fang Feiguo , Wang Xianping
Published: June 2024

Here, we present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical edge detection scheme that can be operated in both linear and circular polarization modes, leveraging an optical spatial differentiator constructed by quarter-wave Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase gradient element. After explaining the theoretical mechanism, we utilize a quarter-wave P–B phase liquid crystal polarization grating to validate the dual-polarization optical edge detection capability. We demonstrate that the orientation of linear polarization and the spin of circular polarization dictate the transition between edge and bright-field images. Besides, the linear and circular polarization modes exhibit broadband and monochromatic responsive properties, respectively. This mechanism, dependent on wavelength and polarization, holds promise for applications in color image processing, chiral sensing imaging, and polarization-entangled quantum imaging.
Narrowband mid-infrared optical parametric generator based on a type-II BaGa4Se7 crystal
Authors: Wei Disheng , Tang Jinwen , Hua Xiaoxiao , Li Junhui , Wu Minglang , Cheng Wenhao , Yao Baoquan , Yao Jiyong , Dai Tongyu , Duan Xiaoming
Published: June 2024

In this Letter, we first reported on a mid-infrared double-pass optical parametric generator (OPG) based on a single type-II phase-matching BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) crystal, pumped at 2.1 µm. The OPG achieved a maximum pulse energy of 55 µJ for generating narrowband mid-infrared laser pulses. The signal and idler lights exhibited center wavelengths of 4.04 and 4.33 µm, respectively, with bandwidths of 18.6 nm (11.4 cm−1) and 20.4 nm (10.9 cm−1). To improve the output performance, we utilized a cascaded scheme of type-I ZnGeP2 (ZGP) and type-II BGSe crystals. The spectral bandwidths of the signal and idler lights, nearing 4 µm, were narrower than 170 nm (90 cm−1), representing a significant improvement over the ZGP OPG. The cascaded OPG achieved a remarkable total optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (OOCE) of 14.9% and a maximum pulse energy of 0.329 mJ.
Modeling the economic burden of postpartum hemorrhage due to substandard uterotonics in Ghana
Authors: Bautista Kiara , Lee Yi-Fang (Ashley) , Higgins Colleen R. , Procter Petra , Rushwan Sara , Baidoo Abraham , Issah Kofi , Fofie Chris Opoku , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Chinery Lester , Ozawa Sachiko
Published: June 2024

Uterotonics are essential in preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading direct cause of maternal death worldwide. However, uterotonics are often substandard in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to poor maternal health outcomes. This study examines the health and economic impact of substandard uterotonics in Ghana. A decision-tree model was built to simulate vaginal and cesarean section births across health facilities, uterotonic quality and utilization, PPH risk and diagnosis, and resulting health and economic outcomes. We utilized delivery data from Ghana’s maternal health survey, risks of health outcomes from a Cochrane review, and E-MOTIVE trial data for health outcomes related to oxytocin quality. We compared scenarios with and without substandard uterotonics, as well as scenarios altering uterotonic use and care-seeking behaviors. We found that substandard uterotonic use contributes to $18.8 million in economic burden annually, including $6.3 million and $4.8 million in out-of-pocket expenditures in public and private sectors, respectively. Annually, the National Health Insurance Scheme bears $1.6 million in costs due to substandard uterotonic use. Substandard uterotonics contribute to $6 million in long-term productivity losses from maternal mortality annually. Improving the quality of uterotonics could reduce 20,000 (11%) PPH cases, 5,000 (11%) severe PPH cases, and 100 (11%) deaths due to PPH annually in Ghana. Ensuring the quality of uterotonics would result in millions of dollars in cost savings and improve maternal health outcomes for the government and families in Ghana. Cost savings from improving uterotonic quality would provide financial protection and help Ghana advance toward Universal Health Coverage.
A phase II, non-comparative randomised trial of two treatments involving liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in India and Bangladesh
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Pandey Krishna , Mondal Dinesh , Madhukar Major , Kamal Topno Roshan , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Verma Deepak , Chakravarty Jaya , Chaubey Rahul , Kumari Poonam , Rashid Md. Utba , Maruf Shomik , Ghosh Prakash , Raja Sheeraz , Rode Joelle , den Boer Margriet , Das Pradeep , Alvar Jorge , Rijal Suman , Alves Fabiana
Published: June 2024

Background

In Southeast Asia, treatment is recommended for all patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Adherence to the first-line regimen, twelve weeks of miltefosine (MF), is low and ocular toxicity has been observed with this exposure period. We assessed the safety and efficacy of two shorter-course treatments: liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) alone and combined with MF.

Methodology/Principal findings

An open-label, phase II, randomized, parallel-arm, non-comparative trial was conducted in patients with parasitologically confirmed PKDL, 6 to ≤60 years. Patients were assigned to 20 mg/kg LAmB (total dose, in five injections over 15 days) alone or combined with allometric MF (3 weeks). The primary endpoint was definitive cure at 12 months, defined as complete resolution of papular and nodular lesions and >80% re-pigmentation of macular lesions. Definitive cure at 24 months was a secondary efficacy endpoint. 118/126 patients completed the trial. Definitive cure at 12 months was observed in 29% (18/63) patients receiving LAmB and 30% (19/63) receiving LAmB/MF (mITT), increasing to 58% and 66%, respectively, at 24 months. Most lesions had resolved/improved at 12 and 24 months for patients receiving LAmB (90%, 83%) and LAmB/MF (85%, 88%) by qualitative assessment. One death, unrelated to study drugs, was reported; no study drug-related serious adverse events were observed. The most frequent adverse drug reactions were MF-related vomiting and nausea, and LAmB-related hypokalaemia and infusion reactions. Most adverse events were mild; no ocular adverse events occurred.

Conclusions/Significance

Both regimens are suitably safe and efficacious alternatives to long-course MF for PKDL in South Asia.

Trial registration

CTRI/2017/04/008421.
Prevalence and risk factors of transmission of hepatitis delta virus in pregnant women in the Center Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndzie Ondigui Juliette-Laure , Mafopa Goumkwa Nadège , Lobe Cindy , Wandji Brigitte , Awoumou Patrick , Voussou Djivida Prisca , Peyonga Puinta , Manju Atah Solange , Verbe Vivian , Kamgaing Simo Rachel , Moudourou Sylvie Agnès , Gutierrez Ana , Garcia Rosi , Fernandez Isabelle , Riwom Essama Sara Honorine , Mbu Robinson , Torimiro Judith
Published: June 2024

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) co-infection has been described as the most severe form of viral hepatitis, and can be co-transmitted from mother-to-child. A seroprevalence of 4.0% of HDV infection was reported in pregnant women in Yaoundé, and 11.9% in the general population in Cameroon. Our objective was to describe the rate of HDV infection in HBsAg-positive pregnant women and to determine risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HDV.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2022 among pregnant women attending antenatal contacts in seven health structures in the Centre Region of Cameroon. A consecutive sampling (non-probability sampling) was used to select only pregnant women of age over 21 years, who gave a written informed consent. Following an informed consent, an open-ended questionnaire was used for a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey of these women, and their blood specimens collected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies by rapid tests and ELISA. HBsAg-positive samples were further screened for HBeAg, anti-HDV, anti-HBs, and anti HBc antibodies by ELISA, and plasma HDV RNA load measured by RT-qPCR.

Results

Of 1992 pregnant women, a rate of 6.7% of HBsAg (133/1992) with highest rate in the rural areas, and 3.9% of hepatitis vaccination rate were recorded. Of 130, 42 (32.3%) were anti-HDV antibody-positive, and 47.6% had detectable HDV RNA viraemia. Of 44 anti-HDV-positive cases, 2 (4.5%) were co-infected with HBV and HCV, while 5 (11.4%) with HIV and HBV. Multiple pregnancies, the presence of tattoos and/or scarifications were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HDV antibodies. Of note, 80% of women with negative HBeAg and positive anti-HBe serological profile, had plasma HDV RNA load of more than log 3.25 (>10.000 copies/ml).

Conclusion

These results show an intermediate rate of HDV infection among pregnant women with high level of HDV RNA viremia, which suggest an increased risk of vertical and horizontal co-transmission of HDV.
Increased sensitivity of malaria parasites to common antimalaria drugs after the introduction of artemether-lumefantrine: Implication of policy change and implementation of more effective drugs in fight against malaria
Authors: Okore Winnie , Ouma Collins , Okoth Raphael O. , Yeda Redemptah , Ingasia Luicer O. , Mwakio Edwin W. , Ochora Douglas O. , Wakoli Duncan M. , Amwoma Joseph G. , Chemwor Gladys C. , Juma Jackline A. , Okudo Charles O. , Cheruiyot Agnes C. , Opot Benjamin H. , Juma Dennis , Egbo Timothy E. , Andagalu Ben , Roth Amanda , Kamau Edwin , Akala Hoseah M.
Published: June 2024

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Plasmodium falciparum multi-drug resistance protein 1 (Pfmrp1) gene have previously been reported to confer resistance to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) in Southeast Asia. A total of 300 samples collected from six sites between 2008 and 2019 under an ongoing malaria drug sensitivity patterns in Kenya study were evaluated for the presence of SNPs at Pfmrp1 gene codons: H191Y, S437A, I876V, and F1390I using the Agena MassARRAY® platform. Each isolate was further tested against artemisinin (ART), lumefantrine (LU), amodiaquine (AQ), mefloquine (MQ), quinine (QN), and chloroquine (CQ) using malaria the SYBR Green I-based method to determine their in vitro drug sensitivity. Of the samples genotyped, polymorphism at Pfmrp1 codon I876V was the most frequent, with 59.3% (163/275) mutants, followed by F1390I, 7.2% (20/278), H191Y, 4.0% (6/151), and S437A, 3.3% (9/274). A significant decrease in median 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50s) and interquartile range (IQR) was noted; AQ from 2.996 ng/ml [IQR = 2.604–4.747, n = 51] in 2008 to 1.495 ng/ml [IQR = 0.7134–3.318, n = 40] (P<0.001) in 2019, QN from 59.64 ng/ml [IQR = 29.88–80.89, n = 51] in 2008 to 18.10 ng/ml [IQR = 11.81–26.92, n = 42] (P<0.001) in 2019, CQ from 35.19 ng/ml [IQR = 16.99–71.20, n = 30] in 2008 to 6.699 ng/ml [IQR = 4.976–9.875, n = 37] (P<0.001) in 2019, and ART from 2.680 ng/ml [IQR = 1.608–4.857, n = 57] in 2008 to 2.105 ng/ml [IQR = 1.266–3.267, n = 47] (P = 0.0012) in 2019, implying increasing parasite sensitivity to the drugs over time. However, no significant variations were observed in LU (P = 0.2692) and MQ (P = 0.0939) respectively, suggesting stable parasite responses over time. There was no statistical significance between the mutation at 876 and parasite sensitivity to selected antimalarials tested, suggesting stable sensitivity for the parasites with 876V mutations. These findings show that Kenyan parasite strains are still sensitive to AQ, QN, CQ, ART, LU, and MQ. Despite the presence of Pfmrp1 mutations in parasites among the population.
Genetic analysis of tolerance to combined drought and heat stress in tropical maize
Authors: Elmyhun Melkamu , Abate Ermias , Abate Alemu , Teklewold Adefris , Menkir Abebe
Published: June 2024

Simultaneous occurrences of heat and drought stresses have a detrimental effect on growth, development and yield of maize. Heat and drought is expected to worsen maize yield losses under climate change. Selecting CDHS tolerant maize hybrids creates great opportunity for sustainable maize improvement in the tropics. The objective of current investigation was to dissect the genetic basis of CDHS tolerance in tropical maize and to determine performance of single cross hybrids under CDHS. Ninety six single-cross hybrids resulted from crossing 12 tassel blast tolerant and 12 tassel blast susceptible lines along with two Striga resistant commercial hybrids, a heat tolerant and a heat susceptible check hybrids were evaluated under FIRR, MDRTS and CDHS using 25x4 alpha lattice design with two replications. The results showed significant genetic variation for FIRR, MDRTS and CDHS tolerance among maize hybrids. The majority of single crosses that showed improved grain yield over their respective standard checks under MDRTS also exhibited improved grain yield over the same checks under CHDS, indicating development of CHDS tolerance hybrids. Significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation of grain yield under MDRTS and CDHS implicated common genetic mechanisms controlling yield under MDRTS and CDHS. Stress tolerance indices YI, GMP, MP, HM and STI were identified as best selecting indices under both stresses. GCA variances were larger than SCA variances in each testing environment for most studied traits indicating the impotence of additive gene action than non-additive gene action to control these traits. Majority of stress indices and SCA effects demonstrated that hybrids HB18, HB41, HB91 and HB95 were high yielder under MDRTS and CDHS. Hybrids HB41, HB91 and HB95 and their parents’ scored minimum tassel blast. Parents 19 and 7 were well general combiner for grain yield and early maturity under MDRTS and CDHS indicting their valuable source of genes for hybridization. The current findings revealed that CDHS tolerance hybrids can reduce expected yield losses and maintain maize productivity in CDHS prone areas. Promising hybrids should be tested further under various drought and CHDS for commercialization.
Discovery of electromagnetic polarization in Asian rice wine deterioration process and its applications
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Cao Xuejing , Cheng Xue , Sun Dongqin , Wei Tianfang , Fang Zebo , Li Jiaju , Chen Feiyu , Liu Xinghua , Cai Zhijian , Shen Chi
Published: June 2024

Rice wine, known as yellow wine in China and Japan, possesses considerable nutritional value and holds significant global influence. This study addresses the challenge of preserving rice wine, which is prone to rancidity due to its low alcohol content. Conventional storage techniques employing pottery jars often result in substantial spoilage losses. Through rigorous investigation, this research identifies a polarization phenomenon exhibited by degraded rice wine when subjected to high-frequency microwaves(>60GHz), presenting a pioneering method for detecting spoilage, even within sealed containers. Employing a multi-channel microwave radar apparatus, the study delves into the susceptibility of rice wine to electromagnetic waves across various frequencies, uncovering pronounced polarization traits in deteriorated samples within the E-band microwave spectrum. Furthermore, lab-controlled simulations elucidate a direct correlation between physicochemical alterations and high-frequency Radar Cross Section (RCS) signals during the wine’s deterioration process. A novel six-membered Hydrated Cluster hypothesis is proposed, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Additionally, dielectric property assessments conducted using vector network analyzers (VNA) reveal noteworthy enhancements in the dielectric constant of deteriorated rice wine, particularly within the high-frequency domain, thereby augmenting detectability. These findings carry implications for refining rice wine preservation techniques and contribute to the advancement of non-destructive testing technologies, enabling the detection of rice wine deterioration or indications thereof, even within sealed vessels.
Growable design of passenger vehicle interior space based on FAHP and FQFD
Authors: Liu Zongming , Chen Xuhui , Liang Xinan
Published: June 2024

The increasingly shortened development cycle of smart vehicles has led to a qualitative shift in the nature of automotive products. Growing spatial design of vehicle interiors can effectively satisfy users’ personalisation preferences and increase their willingness to buy, as well as mitigating the environmental pollution caused by the problem of rapid replacement. Considering the subjectivity and uncertainty of users’ emotional needs, this study adopts the FAHP method to comprehensively analyse and rank the SET series of factors, then combines the grey correlation method with the correlation analysis of the areas related to the interior space of the automobile, constructs the sample of the interior space of the automobile and extracts the kansei words of the space sample. Intentional vocabulary mean scores were calculated to factor analyses through kansei engineering, next the fuzzy QFD quality house was built to make affective semantic design associations and derive design weights, which are then used to guide the design and ultimately realise the design of a dynamic automotive interaction scenario. The results of the study show that the integration of different theories can reduce the uncertainties in accessing users’ emotional needs. At the same time, it can provide systematic guidance for the interaction design of a growable automobile in terms of multiple dimensions of interior space connectivity, spatial layout, and perceptual experience, as well as provide valuable suggestions for the subsequent development of interior spaces.
At freedom’s edge: Belief in free will during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Seto Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Among life-and-death health concerns surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic were frustrations about the loss of personal freedom due to emergency quarantine. To test these perceptions, two studies examined whether belief in free will was resilient during different points of the pandemic. In Study 1, conducted in 2020, participants completed a writing task describing their lives before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 pandemic while under emergency quarantine, and during the COVID-19 pandemic while under state re-openings. Following each task, they completed belief in free will measures. Results indicated that free will beliefs were higher before the pandemic than during emergency quarantine. Free will beliefs were also greater during state re-opening than during emergency quarantine. Belief in free will did not differ between pre-pandemic and state re-opening. Study 2 replicated and extended these effects two years later. These findings highlight the brief loss of freedom during COVID-19 as well as the resiliency of agentic control.
Mining LDA topics on construction engineering change risks based on graded evidence
Authors: Jin Lianghai , Li Chenxi , Zhu Zhongrong , Zou Songxiang , Sun Xushu
Published: June 2024

Engineering change (EC) risk may negatively impact project schedule, cost, quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. However, existing methods for managing EC risk have certain shortcomings in evidence selection and do not adequately consider the quality and reliability of evidence associated with EC risks. Evidence grading plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of decisions related to EC risks and can provide essential scientific and reliability support for decision-making. In order to explore the potential risks associated with architectural engineering changes (ECs) and identify the most significant ones, this study proposed a methodology that combines evidence grading theory and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic analysis means. Initially, the evidence-based grading theory served as the creation of a grading table for evidence sources related to EC risk. Specifically, we categorized the evidence sources into three levels based on their credibility. Subsequently, we selected evidence with higher credibility levels for textual analysis, utilizing the LDA topic model. This involved analyzing regulations, industry standards, and judgment documents related to EC, ultimately identifying the themes associated with EC risks. In addition, by combining EC risk topics with relevant literature, we identified factors influencing EC risks. Subsequently, we designed an expert survey questionnaire to determine the key risks and important risk topics associated with potential risks. The results show that by synthesizing information from both Class A and B evidence, a total of five prominent risk themes were identified, namely contract, technology, funds, personnel, and other hazards. Among them, the technical risk has the highest value, so it implies that the risk is the most important, and the key risks are engineering design defects, errors, and omissions.
The effect of behavioral activation play therapy in adolescents with depression: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Chen Yuqi , Luo Jiacheng , Wang Dongdong , Yang Chanjuan , Luo Wei , Zhou Yanling
Published: June 2024

Background

Depression is a common psychological problem in adolescents worldwide. Although the World Health Organization recommends that members of this population engage in physical activity to reduce depressive symptoms, compliance with this recommendation is often low. Furthermore, although behavioral activation (BA) is recommended as a treatment for adolescents with depression, the reported effect size is small. Compared with traditional exercises, gamified physical activity (GPA) can be particularly appealing to adolescents because it is perceived as an enjoyable experience. In this study, we integrated BA and GPA to create behavioral activation play therapy (BAPT). We designed a clinical trial to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of this treatment in adolescents with depression.

Methods

This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a three-arm, assessor-blinded design, conducted to validate the effectiveness and applicability of BAPT for treating adolescent with depression. We will recruit 258 participants and randomly assign them to a BAPT group, BA group, or GPA group using a ratio of 1:1:1. Based on conventional strategies for treatment and care, the three groups will receive nine BAPT sessions, nine BA sessions, or nine GPA sessions, respectively. We will compare the outcomes of the BAPT with those of the BA and GPA interventions.

Discussion

This is the first RCT to explore the effectiveness and applicability of BAPT in adolescents with depression. This study will provide evidence that may help to decrease depressive symptoms in adolescents, and will demonstrate the treatment effectiveness in terms of increasing levels of physical activity, reducing the rate of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, and improving sleep quality. We will also assess the presence of side effects and the treatment adherence of patients receiving BAPT.

Trial registration

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300072671. Registered on 20 June 2023.
The scientific standing of nations and its relationship with economic competitiveness
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D’Angelo Ciriaco Andrea
Published: June 2024

In the current knowledge-based economy, the abilities of the national research system are a key driver of the country’s competitiveness and socio-economic development. This paper compares the scientific standing of the OECD countries and eight other relevant economies. We use a bibliometric indicator of research performance, applied first at the individual level. This approach avoids the distortions of the aggregate-level analyses extant in literature and practice, which overlook the different publication intensities across research fields. We find a strong correlation between research performance and the economic competitiveness of nations and a moderate but significant correlation between research performance and the propensity to spend on research.
Platelet-derived microvesicles isolated from type-2 diabetes mellitus patients harbour an altered miRNA signature and drive MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion
Authors: Tutuianu Anca , Anene Chinedu A. , Shelton Mikayla , Speirs Valerie , Whitelaw Donald C. , Thorpe Joanne , Roberts Wayne , Boyne James R.
Published: June 2024

The underlying causes of breast cancer are diverse, however, there is a striking association between type 2 diabetes and poor patient outcomes. Platelet activation is a common feature of both type 2 diabetes and breast cancer and has been implicated in tumourigenesis through a multitude of pathways. Here transcriptomic analysis of type 2 diabetes patient-derived platelet microvesicles revealed an altered miRNA signature compared with normoglycaemic control patients. Interestingly, interrogation of these data identifies a shift towards an oncogenic signature in type 2 diabetes-derived platelet microvesicles, with increased levels of miRNAs implicated in breast cancer progression and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrate that platelet microvesicles isolated from type 2 diabetes patient blood are internalised by triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro, and that co-incubation with type 2 diabetes patient-derived platelet microvesicles led to significantly increased expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers and triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion compared with platelet microvesicles from healthy volunteers. Together, these data suggest that circulating PMVs in type 2 diabetes patients may contribute to the progression of triple-negative breast cancer.
El papel de los equipos de investigación en los discursos de construcción y transformación educativa: Un estudio de caso en escuelas municipales de Chile
Authors: Godoy-Echiburú Gerardo , Otárola Fabiola , Melo-Letelier Giselle
Published: June 2024

Las transformaciones educativas son motivadas por múltiples factores, que se deben observar y analizar como sistema ecológico complejo. En este proceso, los equipos de investigación en educación están desafiados a fomentar la reflexión y acompañar la toma de decisiones subjetivas y variadas dependiendo de quien la perciba y su rol en el sistema. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el posicionamiento valorativo, percibido por los equipos directivos, sobre las transformaciones en las prácticas educativas ocurridas en las escuelas a partir de la interacción con un Centro de Investigación durante el período 2017 al 2020. Para ello, se analizaron discursos de siete equipos directivos de escuelas municipales y dos equipos del Departamento de Administración de Educación Municipal. Primeramente, se reconocen transformaciones percibidas y no percibidas por las comunidades educativas, llamadas: transformaciones rápidas y lentas, respectivamente. Luego, desde el modelo de VALORACIÓN, se reconocen tres entidades valoradas: la comunidad, los eventos y el contexto. Estos resultados permiten darnos cuenta de la función de los equipos de investigación como mediadores de la construcción y la transformación educativa, con la correspondiente responsabilidad de impactar directamente la inclusión y participación de todos y todas en el espacio escolar.
La banalización de la mujer a través del mito de los 90-60-90 asociado a la belleza y la feminidad: una mirada a los discursos de la revista Cromos sobre el Reinado Nacional de Belleza en Colombia de 1957 a 1962
Authors: Perdomo Colina Hugo Ernesto
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo analiza los discursos que la revista Cromos ha emitido sobre el Concurso Nacional de Belleza -CNB- en Colombia de 1957 a 1962 como parte del cubrimiento que históricamente ha realizado sobre este evento. El periodo de estudio tiene en particular el nacimiento y consolidación del mito estético de las medidas anatómicas, los 90-60-90 y con estas los determinantes sobre la belleza y la feminidad. El acercamiento metodológico se ha hecho a través del Análisis Crítico del Discurso -ACD- como perspectiva de investigación mediante la cual se posibilita no solo el reconocimiento de lo que esconden los discursos, sino además permite desvelar los intereses de las estructuras de dominación que los emiten. Los resultados revelan que este mito estético se convertirá en el paradigma de la belleza nacional impulsado por estos discursos y cuyo referente serán las participantes del CNB.
Improving Legal Framework for Telemedicine between Physicians and Patients
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Park Dae Woong , Ryoo Hwa Shin , Hyeon Seung Hyo
Published: June 2024

This paper explores legal strategies for introducing telemedicine between physicians and patients. It thoroughly explored the definition and significance of telemedicine, scrutinized regulations pertaining to remote healthcare embedded in the Medical Service Act, and meticulously dissected proposed amendments to the Medical Service Act aimed at incorporating telemedicine between physician and patient. Specifically, it sheds light on the repercussions of the evolving medical landscape attributed to COVID-19 on the legal infrastructure of telemedicine. Focal points of discussion encompassed challenges in interpreting the Medical Service Act, regulatory frameworks for telemedicine platforms, and incremental legal enhancements. By drawing from recent government pronouncements on enhancement measures of pilot initiatives, this paper underscores the imperative for rigorous validation of safety and efficacy, presenting an exhaustive institutional analysis to foster the implementation of telemedicine.
Problems and Improvement Measures in the Current Counter-terrorism System - Focusing on the Military
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Seo Bong Sung
Published: June 2024

The current “Anti-Terrorism Act for the Protection of Citizens and Public Safety” requires that if a terrorist incident occurs within a military facility, a military facility terrorism response headquarters is established and operated to comprehensively handle related situations. The military (軍) has made great progress in the field of counter-terrorism, but since prevention of terrorism is very important, the military's overall counter-terrorism intelligence activities need to be reorganized. At this point, to prevent terrorist acts within military facilities, legal reinforcement is needed to ensure smooth intelligence collection activities for each military intelligence and investigative agency. In particular, to effectively prevent terrorism, the military's intelligence collection system, which has a decentralized structure, must be unified. In addition, in order for the Military Counter-terrorism Intelligence Council to be operated to share counter-terrorism intelligence, considering the urgency of terrorist incidents, a control tower that can analyze and disseminate intelligence 24 hours a day is needed.
Performance and carcass characteristics of grower pigs fed enzyme-supplemented dried cassava peel – maize cob composite meal
Authors: Anorue Daniel Nnadozie
Published: June 2024

A 90-day trial was carried out to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of grower pigs fed enzyme-supplemented dried cassava peel-maize cob composite meal (CP-MC). A total of 36 crossbreed male grower pigs (Large white) of about 16 weeks old with an initial body weight of 20.31 ± 0.61 kg-1 were randomly allotted into four groups of nine animals per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates consisting of three pigs in a completely randomized design. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed 0% CP-MC while CP-MC was used to replace maize at 40% (T2), 50% (T3), and 60% (T4). Diet was adequate in all nutrients, and clean water and feed were offered ad libitum. Results on growth performance showed that average daily weight gain was higher in T4 (0.34 kg) and T3 (0.33 kg), intermediate in T2 (0.26 kg), and lower in T1 (0.23 kg) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the best feed conversion ratio was found among pigs in T4 followed by T3, T2, and T1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, average daily feed intake was not influenced by the treatments (p > 0.05). Dressing percentages varied from 61.60-71.94% were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. Weights of the head, belly, limbs, back fat thickness, kidney liver, lungs, and spleen were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. In conclusion, the replacement of maize with CP-MC at 60% improved the weight of pigs without compromising the performance of animals.
Chemical characteristics and compatibility of mixtures at different agricultural application rates
Authors: Pessoa Paulo Henrique , Silva Hemerson Alves , Lima Letícia da Silva , Assis Rafael Borges de , Neres Nathan Alves , Almeida Jaqueline Chagas de , Cabral Filho Fernando Rodrigues , Andrade Christiano Lima Lobo de
Published: June 2024

Tank mixes are widely used to control weeds, fungi, insects, and nematodes to increase the control spectrum. However, little is known about the interactions that may occur due to the different types of formulations and products used. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction and compatibility between different classes of products (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, biostimulants, foliar fertilizers, and adjuvants) on the physical-chemical parameters of sprays commonly used in farming. The concentration of the sprays was stipulated by adopting a spray volume between 100, 50, and 10 L ha-1 and the dose recommended by the manufacturers. The characteristics evaluated were physical compatibility (presence or absence of flocculation, sedimentation, phase separation, formation of lumps, oil separation, formation of crystals and cream, and foam formation) and chemical compatibility (pH and electrical conductivity). The products tested have different affinities with the adjuvants and it is not possible to generalize the recommendations. The physicochemical compatibility between products of different classes of action and the adjuvants evaluated is dependent on the rest period, with constant agitation being essential before and during application for Glifotal®, 2.4 D®, Smart Trio®, and B-Moly®, in addition to molecular incompatibility separation occurring between 5-30 min after preparation of syrup for 2.4 D®, Smart Trio®, B-Moly®, Fosert®, Glyphosate®, Zethamaxx®, Bravonil®, Engeo®, Completo®, Plant Start®, Smart Cooper®, Manni Plex cal mg®, Manni Plex k® and Smart Zn®. pH also has a strong influence in some mixtures of syrups where flocculation occurred for the products Bravonil®, Engeo®, Completo®, Plant Start®, Smart Cooper®, and Smart Zn®, as well as the formation of lumps due to the concentration for Engeo®, Completo®, Plant Start®, and Smart Cooper®. It is concluded that dosages, homogenization, interactions between molecules of the same or different classes, and physicochemical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity influence the obtaining of compatible application grouts.
Impact of Bowel Preparation Quality on Colonoscopy Findings and Colorectal Cancer Deaths in a Nation-Wide Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Zessner-Spitzenberg Jasmin , Waldmann Elisabeth , Rockenbauer Lisa-Maria , Klinger Andreas , Klenske Entcho , Penz Daniela , Demschik Alexandra , Majcher Barbara , Trauner Michael , Ferlitsch Monika
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Adequate bowel preparation is paramount for a high-quality screening colonoscopy. Despite the importance of adequate bowel preparation, there is a lack of large studies that associated the degree of bowel preparation with long-term colorectal cancer outcomes in screening patients.

METHODS:

In a large population-based screening program database in Austria, quality of bowel preparation was estimated according to the Aronchick Scale by the endoscopist (excellent, good, fair, poor, and inadequate bowel preparation). We used logistic regression to assess the influence of bowel preparation on the detection of different polyp types and the interphysician variation in bowel preparation scoring. Time-to-event analyses were performed to investigate the association of bowel preparation with postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) death.

RESULTS:

A total of 335,466 colonoscopies between January 2012 and follow-up until December 2022 were eligible for the analyses. As compared with excellent bowel preparation, adenoma detection was not significantly lower for good bowel preparation (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9971–1.0329, P = 0.1023); however, adenoma detection was significantly lower in fair bowel preparation (odds ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.9408–0.9939, P = 0.0166). Individuals who had fair or lower bowel preparation at screening colonoscopy had significantly higher hazards for PCCRC death (hazard ratio for fair bowel preparation 2.56, 95% CI 1.67–3.94, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Fair bowel preparation on the Aronchick Scale was not only associated with a lower adenoma detection probability but also with increased risk of PCCRC death. Efforts should be made to increase bowel cleansing above fair scores.
Chemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Microalga Chlorella sp. from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Haslianti Haslianti , Asnani Asnani , Fristiohady Adryan , Sadarun Baru , Sutariati Gusti Ayu Kade , Sundowo Andini , Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Idin Sahidin
Published: June 2024

Microalgae Chlorella sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this species from this region is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Chlorella sp. The sample was collected from the Kali Biru and Nambo waters, Kendari. The microalgae were isolated by the agar plating technique and extracted by ethanol. Chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), Total Phenolics Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Contents (TFC). Biological activities evaluation includes antioxidant, toxicity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Toxicity and cytotoxicity properties were analyzed by BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) and MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays against Breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Antimicrobial potency was tested towards E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The result showed that ethanol extract of Chlorella sp. (EEC) contained phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids/steroids which were supported by LC-MS/MS data, TPC and TFC with value 150.33 and 33.18 mgGAE.g-1 extract. Seven of ten identified major compounds caused this extract to have antioxidant and anticancer including xanthin, 1,1-Diethyl-3-oxo-2- triazanolate, Azelaic acid, ruspolinone, 6-keto prostaglandin F1a and glycol stearate. In general, the biological activity of EEC is less active than the positive controls for each assay. However, the EEC is more potential to be developed as antioxidant such as sunscreen and anticancer especially breast cancer with IC50 value 151-200 ppm and 100-500 ppm, respectively.
Phenotypic characterization and genetic variability, genetic diversity of elite mutants of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl and induction of homeotic mutants
Authors: Mirunalini S P , Ganga M , Rajamani K , Meenakumari B , Suganthy M , Manikanda Bhoopathi N
Published: June 2024

Jasmine is commonly propagated vegetatively, representing a poor genetic diversity base for effective selection to make further improvements in yield and quality. Hence, research conducted at TNAU during 2021-2023 aimed to induce genetic variation in J. auriculatum through the application of physical (gamma rays) and chemical (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate; EMS) mutagens. The M1V3 generation putative mutants of J. auriculatum cv. CO.1 was evaluated under field condition. It was observed that mutants derived from treatments 10 Gy gamma irradiation and 35 mM EMS exhibited maximum vegetative growth parameters, including plant height, stem girth, internodal length, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf thickness and flower quality parameters viz., flower bud length and corolla tube length. These values were surpassed those of parent CO.1. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was prominent than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied, indicating the appreciable influence is not only by the genetic factor but highly influenced by the environment. The higher magnitude of broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean was observed for corolla tube length at 15 Gy, 35 mM and 40 mM, bud girth at 10 Gy and 35 mM, flower diameter at 35 mM. Homeotic mutants were identified and isolated from the mutated population. This study further explored the reliability of the observed traits for making simple selection for efficient improvement of jasmine.
Effects of exercise training with intermittent hyperoxic intervention on endurance performance and muscle metabolic properties in male mice
Authors: Suzuki Junichi
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate how intermittent hyperoxic exposure (three cycles of 21% O2 [10 min] and 30% O2 [15 min]) affects exercise performance in mice. Three hours after the acute exposure, there was an observed increase in mRNA levels of phosphofructokinase (Bayes factor [BF] ≥ 10), mitochondrial transcription factor‐A (BF ≥10), PPAR‐α (BF ≥3), and PPAR‐γ (BF ≥3) in the red gastrocnemius muscle (Gr). Four weeks of exercise training under intermittent (INT), but not continuous (HYP), hyperoxia significantly (BF ≥30) increased maximal exercise capacity compared to normoxic exercise‐trained (ET) group. INT group exhibited significantly higher activity levels of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase (HAD) in Gr (BF = 7.9) compared to ET group. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity levels were significantly higher in INT group compared to ET group in white gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and left ventricle (BF ≥3). NT‐PGC1α protein levels in Gr (BF = 7.7) and HAD activity levels in Gr (BF = 6.9) and soleus muscles (BF = 3.3) showed a significant positive correlation with maximal work values. These findings suggest that exercise training under intermittent hyperoxia is a beneficial strategy for enhancing endurance performance by improving fatty acid and pyruvic acid utilization.