bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superoxide dismutase 1 mediates adaptation to the tumor microenvironment of glioma cells via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
Authors: König Sven , Strassheimer Florian , Brandner Nadja I. , Schröder Jan-Hendrik , Urban Hans , Harwart Leander F. , Hehlgans Stephanie , Steinbach Joachim P. , Ronellenfitsch Michael W. , Luger Anna-Luisa
Published: August 2024

In glioblastoma (GB) cells oxidative stress is induced by both, conditions of the tumor microenvironment as well as by therapeutic interventions. Upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a key enzyme for oxidative defense and downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a candidate mechanism to sustain survival and proliferation of tumor cells. SOD1 was inhibited by shRNA mediated gene suppression, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and pharmacological inhibition in human (primary) GB cells. SOD1 activity was determined by SOD1/2 activity assay. ROS levels, cell death and the NADPH/NADP-ratio were measured under normal and starvation conditions. To study the mTORC1-SOD1 axis, mTORC1 activated TSC2 knockdown cells (TSC2sh) were analyzed. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SOD1 correlated with decreased SOD1 activity, increased ROS and enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells towards starvation- and hypoxia-induced cell death. This was accompanied by a decreased NADPH/NADP-ratio. Furthermore, combination therapy of SOD1 and mTORC1 inhibition partially rescued the protective effect of mTORC1 inhibitor monotherapy. SOD1 mediates adaptation of GB cells to stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment in a mTORC1-dependent manner. Moreover, SOD1 activation contributes to the cell death resistance conferred by mTORC1 inhibitors under hypoxic conditions.
High aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer: from clinical evidence to regulatory cellular networks
Authors: Zhang Junsi , Xu Sunwang
Published: August 2024

The global incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over recent decades. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer and accounts for nearly 90% of all cases. Typically, PTC has a good prognosis. However, some PTC variants exhibit more aggressive behaviour, which significantly increases the risk of postoperative recurrence. Over the past decade, the high metastatic potential of PTC has drawn the attention of many researchers and these studies have provided useful molecular markers for improved diagnosis, risk stratification and clinical approaches. The aim of this review is to discuss the progress in epidemiology, metastatic features, risk factors and molecular mechanisms associated with PTC aggressiveness. We present a detailed picture showing that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer metabolic reprogramming, alterations in important signalling pathways, epigenetic aberrations and the tumour microenvironment are crucial drivers of PTC metastasis. Further research is needed to more fully elucidate the pathogenesis and biological behaviour underlying the aggressiveness of PTC.
Larger colony sizes favoured the evolution of more worker castes in ants
Authors: Bell-Roberts Louis , Turner Juliet F. R. , Werner Gijsbert D. A. , Downing Philip A. , Ross Laura , West Stuart A.
Published: August 2024

The size–complexity hypothesis is a leading explanation for the evolution of complex life on earth. It predicts that in lineages that have undergone a major transition in organismality, larger numbers of lower-level subunits select for increased division of labour. Current data from multicellular organisms and social insects support a positive correlation between the number of cells and number of cell types and between colony size and the number of castes. However, the implication of these results is unclear, because colony size and number of cells are correlated with other variables which may also influence selection for division of labour, and causality could be in either direction. Here, to resolve this problem, we tested multiple causal hypotheses using data from 794 ant species. We found that larger colony sizes favoured the evolution of increased division of labour, resulting in more worker castes and greater variation in worker size. By contrast, our results did not provide consistent support for alternative hypotheses regarding either queen mating frequency or number of queens per colony explaining variation in division of labour. Overall, our results provide strong support for the size–complexity hypothesis.
Birth of protein folds and functions in the virome
Authors: Nomburg Jason , Doherty Erin E. , Price Nathan , Bellieny-Rabelo Daniel , Zhu Yong K. , Doudna Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

The rapid evolution of viruses generates proteins that are essential for infectivity and replication but with unknown functions, due to extreme sequence divergence1. Here, using a database of 67,715 newly predicted protein structures from 4,463 eukaryotic viral species, we found that 62% of viral proteins are structurally distinct and lack homologues in the AlphaFold database2,3. Among the remaining 38% of viral proteins, many have non-viral structural analogues that revealed surprising similarities between human pathogens and their eukaryotic hosts. Structural comparisons suggested putative functions for up to 25% of unannotated viral proteins, including those with roles in the evasion of innate immunity. In particular, RNA ligase T-like phosphodiesterases were found to resemble phage-encoded proteins that hydrolyse the host immune-activating cyclic dinucleotides 3′,3′- and 2′,3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Experimental analysis showed that RNA ligase T homologues encoded by avian poxviruses similarly hydrolyse cGAMP, showing that RNA ligase T-mediated targeting of cGAMP is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of immune evasion that is present in both bacteriophage and eukaryotic viruses. Together, the viral protein structural database and analyses presented here afford new opportunities to identify mechanisms of virus–host interactions that are common across the virome.
Sorption behavior of strontium and europium ions from aqueous solutions using fabricated inorganic sorbent based on talc
Authors: Abass M. R. , Abou-Lilah R. A. , Hussein L. M. S.
Published: August 2024

Sorption of Sr(II) and Eu(III) from aqueous solutions was studied using tin molybdate talc sorbent synthesized by the precipitation technique. The synthesized sorbent was characterized using different analytical tools, such as; FT-IR, SEM, XRD, XRF, TGA, and DTA. The sorption studies applied to Sr(II) and Eu(III) include the effects of shaking time, pH, concentrations, and saturation capacity. The sorption of Sr(II) and Eu(III) depends on pH, reaction kinetics obey the pseudo-2nd-order model, and the Langmuir model is better suited for the sorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters reflect an endothermic and spontaneous sorption process. Desorption studies showed that 0.1 M HCl was the best desorbing agent for the complete recovery of Sr(II) (96.8%) and Eu(III) (92.9%). Finally, the obtained data illustrates that the synthesized sorbent can be applied and used as an efficient sorbent for the sorption of Sr(II) and Eu(III) from aqueous solutions and can be used as a promising sorbent to remove Sr(II) and Eu(III).
In situ study of the interactions between metal surfaces and cationic surfactant corrosion inhibitors by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with visible spectroscopy
Authors: Frank Felix , Tomasetig Daniela , Nahringbauer Peter , Ipsmiller Wolfgang , Mauschitz Gerd , Wieland Karin , Lendl Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Coupling Raman and VIS spectroscopy enables the study of AgNP aggregations induced by surfactants.
MnO/TiO2/C/N-CNTs derived from Mn-doped Ti MOFs for simultaneous detection of catechol and hydroquinone
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Xu Sumin , Zhang Jinjin , Qu Jianying
Published: August 2024

In this work, MnO/TiO2/C/N-CNTs were synthesized by calcining MnTi MOFs/PPy. Due to the synergistic catalysis of metal ion doping and the high electrical conductivity of N-CNTs, the obtained material can sensitively detect both CC and HQ.
Redox-neutral, metal-free tryptophan labeling of polypeptides in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)
Authors: Nuruzzaman Mohammad , Colella Brandon M. , Nizam Zeinab M. , Cho Isaac JiHoon , Zagorski Julia , Ohata Jun
Published: August 2024

This work translated the preceding metal-catalyzed tryptophan modification method into a metal-free process, enabling efficient labeling of peptides, proteins, and even cell lysates in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP).
Silicon nanowire aqueous dispersions for processing into macroscopic network materials
Authors: Tilve-Martinez David , Abomailek Nabil , Lozano-Steinmetz Felipe , Pendashteh Afshin , Vilatela Juan J.
Published: August 2024

Outline for the production of self-standing SiNW networks via wet processing.
Advanced development of anion-exchange membrane electrolyzers for hydrogen production: from anion-exchange membranes to membrane electrode assemblies
Authors: Lei Yun Chao , Zhou Jiayang , Zhou Wentao , Wang Yan , Zhang Mengyang , Zhang Anlei , Wang Longlu
Published: August 2024

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has attracted attention owing to its operation in alkaline environments, which offers the advantage of not requiring the use of precious metals.
Pd-catalyzed sequential intramolecular annulation/intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of 5-allenyloxazolidine-2,4-diones with dipoles: synthesis of spiroheterocycles
Authors: Dong Yujie , Liu Jun , Ning Rongjin , Yang Fazhou , Zhang Cheng , Guo Hongchao
Published: August 2024

A new reaction pattern of 5-allenyloxazolidine-2,4-diones was achieved under palladium catalysis.
Fe–Nx sites coupled with Fe3C on porous carbon from plastic wastes for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Jiang Xiaole , Zhang Rui , Liao Qingqing , Zhang Hanjun , Yang Yaoyue , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2024

Isolated Fe–Nx sites as well as Fe3C NPs co-embedded in N-doped carbon (Fe3C/Fe–N–C) was synthesized using PET as carbon precursor. The Fe3C/Fe–N–C showed excellent ORR performance, realizing the concept of turning trash into treasure.
A new Cd(ii)-based MOF displaying flu topology as a highly sensitive and selective photoluminescent sensor for ferric and chromate ions
Authors: Lan Xue , Yang Li , Wang Jun , Lu Lu , Muddassir Mohd. , Srivastava Devyani , Kushwaha Aparna , Kumar Abhinav , Pan Ying
Published: August 2024

A new fluorescent Cd(ii) MOF was synthesized and used as a “turn-off–on” sensor for ferric and chromate ions.
Machine-learning to predict anharmonic frequencies: a study of models and transferability
Authors: Khanifaev Jamoliddin , Schrader Tim , Perlt Eva
Published: August 2024

A machine learning algorithm predicts vibrational frequencies that are much closer to VSCF-calculated anharmonic frequencies compared to the harmonic approximation.
Temperature-dependent dielectric relaxations and transport properties of Sm3+ & La3+ doped Bi-oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Abbas Yasir , Kiani Haris Farooq , Kamran M. , Anis-ur-Rehman M.
Published: August 2024

The suggested novel rare-earth doped bismuth calcium cobaltites Bi2Ca2−2xSmxLaxCoO6 (x = 0.000–0.075) were synthesized by a co-precipitation route.
Impact of carboxylate ligation on the C–H activation reactivity of a non-heme Fe(iv)O complex: a computational investigation
Authors: Katoch Akanksha , Mandal Debasish
Published: August 2024

This study examines how the incorporation of carboxylate groups within the macrocyclic framework influences the electronic and geometric structures of the iron-oxo center, and how these changes impact its efficacy in activating C–H bonds.
Catalytic three-component carboamination of unactivated alkenes with primary sulfonamides
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Kai-Dian , Zhou Chang-Quan , Xing Zhi-Xi , Huang Huan-Ming
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate a catalytic radical three-component reaction using primary sulfonamides as N–H precursors, which provides a novel method for constructing a library of complex architectures through carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bond formation.
Robust biocatalyst for the green continuous flow synthesis of esters from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol and C8–C18 carboxylic acids
Authors: Wolny Anna , Więcławik Dagmara , Zdarta Jakub , Jurczyk Sebastian , Jesionowski Teofil , Chrobok Anna
Published: August 2024

A sustainable method suitable for industrial-scale continuous flow synthesis of esters from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol (FA) and C8–C18 carboxylic acids was developed.
Theoretical study on photophysical properties of double helicenes entwined with two perylene diimides
Authors: Si Yanling , Yang Guochun
Published: August 2024

The electronic structures, UV-vis/CD spectra, and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of double helicenes composed of two perylene diimides linked by C–C single bonds were investigated using DFT/TDDFT methods.
Mechanisms underlying the nucleation processes of mesoporous ceria nanoparticles
Authors: He Jian , Zou Ling , Yang Lu , Shi Guangyou , Li Jinbao , Huang Run , Liu Xiaoling , Dong Shiwu , Yang Xiaochao
Published: August 2024

A study of the mechanisms underlying the nucleation processes of mesoporous ceria nanoparticles (I-MCNs) revealed that six groups of molecules were generated ahead of ceria crystal nucleation and four steps were involved in the formation of MCNs.
A flexible capacitive pressure sensor with a hybrid porous PDMS/SA hydrogel structure for touch/pain detection
Authors: Huang Haizhou , Ran Xu , Wan Shu , Wang Yi , Bi Hengchang
Published: August 2024

Mimicking the skin with tactile perception to distinguish noxious pressure stimuli is challenging. Our flexible capacitive pressure sensor employs two working mechanisms according to the pressure stimuli range for both touch and pain detection.
Guiding uniform Zn deposition with a multifunctional additive for highly utilized Zn anodes
Authors: Li Xi , Chen Zhenjie , Ruan Pengchao , Hu Xueting , Yuan Xiaoming , Lu Bingan , Qin Liping , Zhou Jiang
Published: August 2024

As a multifunctional additive for 2 M ZnSO4 electrolyte, l-leucine with abundant carboxyl and amino groups, exhibits strong interactions with Zn-ion to disrupt its solvation structure, inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions and promoting uniform Zn electrodeposition.
Balanced parametric body prior for implicit clothed human reconstruction from a monocular RGB
Authors: Xue Rong , Li Jiefeng , Lu Cewu
Published: August 2024

The authors study the problem of reconstructing detailed 3D human surfaces in various poses and clothing from images. The parametric human body allows accurate 3D clothed human reconstruction. However, the offset of large and loose clothing from the inferred parametric body mesh confines the generalisation of the existing parametric body‐based methods. A distinctive method that simultaneously generalises well to unseen poses and unseen clothing is proposed. The authors first discover the unbalanced nature of existing implicit function‐based methods. To address this issue, the authors propose to synthesise the balanced training samples with a new dependency coefficient in training. The dependency coefficient can tell the network whether the prior from the parametric body model is reliable. The authors then design a novel positional embedding‐based attenuation strategy to incorporate the dependency coefficient into the implicit function (IF) network. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the CAPE dataset to study the effectiveness of the authors’ approach. The proposed method significantly surpasses state‐of‐the‐art approaches and generalises well on unseen poses and clothing. As an illustrative example, the proposed method improves the Chamfer Distance Error and Normal Error by 38.2% and 57.6%.
Knowledge‐aided cooperative jamming cancellation architecture in physical layer security
Authors: Bo Juntian , Wang Hengfeng , Su Binbin , Zhang Jiahao , Meng Jin
Published: August 2024

This article proposes a cooperative jamming (CJ) architecture based on the coded signal of interest (SOI). The CJ is superimposed on the coded SOI directly at the transmitter, and the authorized user reconstructs the received signal and cancels the CJ based on the prior knowledge of the coding information, then different radiation patterns after cancellation are created for SOI and CJ, which effectively cancels CJ while retaining SOI. Eavesdropper, however, is unaware of the coding information and will cause significant loss to the SOI while cancelling the CJ, therefore unable to achieve eavesdropping on communication signals. Numerical results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Quasi‐Helmholtz projector including multibranch Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson basis functions for multiscale objects at low frequency
Authors: Wang Yu , Dang Xiaojie , Zhu Ming‐da
Published: August 2024

In this letter, a Quasi‐Helmholtz Projector method including multibranch Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson (MB‐RWG) basis function to calculate the scattering problem of multiscale targets at low frequencies is proposed. The loop basis function and the star basis function including MB‐RWG basis function are constructed, and the loop basis function and the star basis function including MB‐RWG basis function are used to construct the Quasi‐Helmholtz Projector. The proposed method is coined MB‐Quasi‐Helmholtz Projector (MB‐QHP) method. The MB‐QHP method can effectively solve the low frequency breakdown (LFB) problem in electric field integral equation (EFIE). Compared with the MB‐loop‐star method, the condition number is lower, the convergence is faster, and the search for global loop is avoided. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the MB‐RWG basis function, the proposed method can divide the calculation region into several regions with different mesh sizes. Numerical example shows the advantages of the proposed method.
Short‐term load interval prediction with unilateral adaptive update strategy and simplified biased convex cost function
Authors: Zheng Shu , Long Huan , Wu Zhi , Gu Wei , Zhao Jingtao , Geng Runhao
Published: August 2024

This article proposes a unilateral Adaptive update strategy based Interval Prediction (AIP) model for short‐term load prediction, which is developed based on lower and upper bound estimation (LUBE) architecture. In traditional LUBE interval prediction model, the model training is usually trained by heuristic algorithms. In this article, the model training is formulated as a bi‐level optimization problem with the help of proposed unilateral adaptive update strategy and cost function. In lower‐level problem, a simplified biased convex cost function is developed to supervise the learning direction of basic prediction engines. The basic prediction engine utilizes Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to extract features and Full connected Neural Network (FNN) to generate interval boundary. In upper‐level problem, a unilateral adaptive update strategy with unilateral coverage rate is put forward. It iteratively tunes hyper‐parameters of cost function during training process. Comprehensive experiments based on residential load data are implemented and the proposed interval prediction model outperforms the tested state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, achieving a 15% reduction in prediction error and a 20% decrease in computational time.
Adaptive complex coefficient‐filtered extended states observer type three‐phase enhanced phase‐locked loop
Authors: Ge Baojun , Huang Shuo , Wang Minghui , Wang Yue , Lv Pin
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes an adaptive complex coefficient filtered (CCF) full order extended state observer (ESO) type three phase enhanced phase locked loop (EPLL), which is employed in matrix reactance frequency converter (MRFC) for rotating vectors measurement estimation. EPLL phase detector was analysed first to track not only the rad frequency and transient phase, but also the amplitude of the rotating vectors. Full order ESO can filter out more high frequency disturbance, so it can track frequency and phase more accurately than proportion and integration algorithm. CCF modules were analysed in theory to attenuate the disturbance within two times of the EPLL's cut‐off frequency. The whole adaptive CCF‐ESO‐EPLL design, including stability and parameter tuning were then interpreted. The proposed CCF‐ESO‐EPLL adapts the estimated frequency with CCF to attenuate the MRFC switching non‐linear disturbance as well as unknown disturbance by the full order ESO. The MRFC topology necessary measured vectors, as well as the input side reactive power adjustment capacity, were discussed. The theoretical conclusion has been verified on a MRFC prototype. The proposed CCF‐ESO‐EPLL has less parameter tuning, less computation resource requirement, better steady and dynamic performance, and outstanding disturbance robustness.
Reliability–flexibility integrated optimal sizing of second‐life battery energy storage systems in distribution networks
Authors: Lu Hui , Xie Kaigui , Hu Bo , Shao Changzheng , Wang Yu , Pan Congcong
Published: August 2024

Second‐life batteries (SLBs), which are batteries retired from electric vehicles (EVs), can be used as energy storage systems to enhance the performance of distribution networks. Two issues should be addressed particularly for the optimal sizing of SLBs. Compared with fresh batteries, the failure rate of SLBs is relatively high, and timely and preventive replacement is needed. In addition, the flexibility introduced by EVs and installed SLBs should be coordinated to achieve optimal economic benefits. This paper focuses on the efficient utilization of SLBs by highlighting reliability‐flexibility concerns in optimal sizing. The model is formulated as a bi‐level model. On the upper‐level, considering the operational reliability constraints of SLBs, decisions regarding the investment and replacement of SLBs are optimized. Distribution network operations are improved on the lowerlevel, with an effective spatiotemporal flexible dispatch strategy for EVs. Finally, a linearized process for the optimal sizing of SLBs is presented and efficiently implemented. The Sioux Falls network and IEEE 69‐node distribution network are coupled as the test system. According to the simulation results, when the state of health of the SLBs decreased to 70%, the conditions were unreliable. The differences in the optimal SLB size and costs considering reliability and flexibility are highlighted.
Per‐unit transformation for the combined analysis of multi‐energy integration
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Wang Fei , Fan Hui
Published: August 2024

To handle numerical issues caused by dimensional differences among heterogeneous states in integrated energy systems (IES), this paper proposes a novel per‐unit transformation method and explores its applications to the partial differential equation‐governed models. Initially, a unified IES model is developed, which encompasses both fast and slow dynamics in a generalized form. Subsequently, the per‐unit transformation is consistently applied to the fast and slow dynamics of the IES within the unified model framework. The proposed method's theoretical proofs demonstrate its ability to preserve structure and reduce complexity. Simulation results in various cases validate the accuracy of the per‐unit model and verify the effectiveness of the transformation in reducing conditional numbers. This reduction is particularly significant for improving efficiency in the combined analysis of the IES.
Kochsalz in der Ernährung
Authors: Jehle Peter M. , Jehle Daniela R. , Beckert Julia , Kauk Maria , Gaida Undine , Jehle Anna M.
Published: August 2024

Natrium ist ein essenzieller Mineralstoff, der jedoch nur in begrenzter Menge
zugeführt werden sollte. So zeigt die DEGS-Studie (DEGS: Deutsches Erwachsenen
Gesundheitssurvey), die sich mit der Salzzufuhr der deutschen Bevölkerung
beschäftigt, dass die mediane Speisesalzaufnahme bei 70% der Frauen und 80% der
Männer deutlich über der Empfehlung der DGE (Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Ernährung) von 6 g pro Tag liegt. Auch die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
empfiehlt in ihren Leitlinien einen Orientierungswert zur Salzaufnahme von 5 g
pro Tag, was etwa einem Teelöffel entspricht. Kochsalz stellt einen wesentlichen
Einflussfaktor der Blutdruckregulation und des
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) dar. Das Verständnis dieser
Regelkreise gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, da die arterielle Hypertonie noch
immer eine der wesentlichen Todesursachen weltweit darstellt. Hier kann bereits
auf eine evidenzbasierte Datenlage zurückgegriffen werden, die eine schädliche
Wirkung einer erhöhten Kochsalzzufuhr belegt. Gegenstand aktueller Forschung
sind die Regulation der Salzspeicher in der Haut sowie die Beeinflussung des
Mikrobioms im Darm durch Kochsalz.
Gut verwurzelt in der Seelenlandschaft
Authors: Saldow Reinhold
Published: August 2024

Die moderne Hypnotherapie kennt als integratives Verfahren zahlreiche Strategien, um in den Dialog mit dem eigenen Körper zu treten und den Kontakt zum Selbst aufzubauen. Körperorientierte Wahrnehmungsübungen sowie hypnotische Hilfestellung ermöglichen es, Belastungen und Störungen zu be- und verarbeiten. Die Selbstvertiefung bietet oft den entscheidenden Zugang und kann die Rückkehr zu einer Körper-Geist-Seele-Einheit einleiten. Das Fallbeispiel zeigt, wie die innere Arbeit auf Symbolebene Depersonalisation und Derealisation entgegenwirkt und zu einer erfolgreichen Erdung im eigenen Selbst sowie der erneuten Verwurzelung in der Welt führen kann.
Senföle für die Blase
Authors: Vigl Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Medizinische Leitlinien für die Behandlung unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfekte sprechen sich für die Anwendung von Meerrettich und Kapuzinerkresse als mögliche nebenwirkungsarme Antibiotika-Alternativen aus. Die enthaltenen Senföle überzeugen durch ihre Multi-Target-Strategie – indem sie unter anderem Stoffwechsel, Filmbildung und Anheftung der ursächlichen Bakterien hemmen – und könnten auch ein sinnvolles Adjuvans zur Antibiotikatherapie sein. In der Naturheilpraxis ist bei Zystitiden der ergänzende Einsatz weiterer Phytotherapeutika wie Brennnessel, Schafgarbe, Breitwegerich, Löwenzahn und Kahles Bruchkraut sinnvoll.
Kraftspender und Bergkönig
Authors: Lingg-Freudig Adelheid
Published: August 2024

Meisterwurz – der „Alpenginseng“ ist als vielseitige Berg- und Heilpflanze zur Stärkung
Asymmetric Intermolecular Conjugate Addition of 3-Substituted 2-Benzofuranones to Maleimides via Noncovalent NHC Catalysis
Authors: Mondal Bhaskar Deb , Gorai Sadhan , Guin Joyram
Published: August 2024

An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition reaction to afford synthetically challenging benzofuranone derivatives having vicinal all-carbon quaternary and tertiary stereocenters is presented. The reaction operates solely through noncovalent interaction between a newly designed NHC and the substrates, providing access to a series of functionalized benzofuranones in good yields and with high ee values. The protocol applies to preparative-scale synthesis. A catalytic cycle involving a noncovalent substrate–NHC interaction is implicated in the process, based on a mechanistic control study.
The relationship between cognitive function and functional capacity, and cognitive reserve and reaction time in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Candiri Busra , Ramazanoglu Engin , Talu Burcu , Tecellioglu Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Background Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with.

Objective To investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity, strength, disability, depression, fatigue, and cognitive reserve and function.

Methods The mobile applications Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuospatial Memory Test (VSMT), and Tap Fast were used in the cognitive function evaluation. Functional performance was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 5-Time Sit-to-Sand (5STS) test, and grip strength. Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Nottingham Health Profile were also used.

Results A significant difference was found between the MS and control groups only in the 6MWT, STS-5, grip strength, TMT, VSMT, and Tap Fast. Good correlation was found between the TMT-A and 6MWT and physical mobility. A fair correlation was shown between grip strength, energy, and pain status. A good correlation was found between TMT-B and 6MWT, and a fair relationship with disability, cognitive reserve, and pain. Good correlation was observed between the DST and 6MWT, left grip strength, pain, and energy status; fair correlations were found between right grip strength, cognitive reserve, and physical mobility. Good correlation was found between the VSMT and energy. A fair relationship between disability, cognitive reserve, and pain was demonstrated. Good correlation was observed between the Tap Fast score and disability, 5STS, FSS, energy, and physical mobility. A fair relationship was found between pain and social isolation.

Conclusion It has been shown that cognitive performance in MS is related to disability, functional performance, cognitive reserve, fatigue, and general health.

Trial registration NCT06084182.
Initial outcomes and safety of MR guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for essential tremor of the first FUS Medical Unit in Portugal
Authors: Vila-Chã Nuno , Chamadoira Clara , Araújo Rui , Oliveira Domingos , Alves Costa Joana
Published: August 2024

Background The magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has emerged as an innovative treatment for patients with medically refractory essential tremor (ET).

Objective This retrospective observational study aims to present the results of the first five patients with medically refractory ET who underwent MRgFUS treatment at this pioneering medical unit in Portugal.

Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review for the first five patients who underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy of the ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus to treat medically refractory ET at our medical unit.

Results The mean patient age was 65.4 (26–84) years, and 60% were male. All patients had a family history of ET. The mean duration of disease was 17.4 years (range 10–24 years), and their dominant hand was the right. According to personal preference, the thalamotomy was performed on the left side in four patients, and on the right side in one. The MRgFUS thalamotomy led to significant improvements in both the clinical rating scale for tremor (CRST) score, by 62%, and the CRST composite score for the treated hand, by 73%. All patients experienced improvements in functionality and quality of life, by 52%. No severe adverse events were observed, and those that did occur during and following the procedure were mild and transient.

Conclusion The initial results from Portugal's first MRgFUS medical unit indicate promising outcomes, with improvement in quality of life, as well as mild and temporary adverse events These findings contribute to the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy and safety of MRgFUS as a viable treatment option for patients with medication-resistant ET.
Pediatric Neuropalliative Medicine
Authors: Shear Talia , Bogetz Jori F. , Treat Lauren
Published: August 2024

Neurological disease in childhood has significant impacts on not only physical well-being, but also on the social, environmental, and emotional health of the child, their family, and the larger community. Pediatric neuropalliative medicine is a recently developed area of subspecialty practice that supports families affected by serious neurological illness in navigating uncertain illness trajectories, refractory symptoms, and the myriad medical decisions that arise over the life of the child. Despite their medical needs, children with neurological diseases live full, joyful, and connected lives with their families, many of whom also experience personal growth and find meaning in their caregiving. Patients and families under the care of neurologists also face many systemic and interpersonal biases, both within the health care system and in the community, and encounter frequent gaps in their home and community-based supports. This chapter summarizes what is known about pediatric neuropalliative medicine and highlights the future research, educational, and clinical innovations that are needed to build more comprehensive and well-prepared systems to address unmet needs. Particularly in the modern era of child neurology practice where disease-modifying treatments are becoming increasingly available, pediatric neuropalliative medicine is an essential area of subspecialty practice that helps to support the personhood and quality of life of the individuals affected by serious illness and their families. As medicine helps more and more children with neurological impairment survive, medical treatment must include not only treatment for the physical body, but also care and support for the complexity of human experience of living with serious illness.
A distinctive HPHT platform with different types of large-volume press subsystems at SECUF
Authors: Ge Yufei , Ma Shuailing , You Cun , Hu Kuo , Liu Chuang , Wang Yixuan , Wang Xinglin , Li Xinyang , Li Hongyu , Tao Qiang , Jiang Shuqing , Wang Lu , Tang Hu , Yao Di , He Zhi , Yang Xinyi , Liu Zhaodong , Zhou Qiang , Zhu Pinwen , Zou Bo , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: August 2024

Large-volume presses (LVPs) providing large volumes, liquid media, deformation capability, jump compression, and in situ measurements are in great demand for high-pressure research, particularly in the fields of geoscience, condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and biology. A high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) platform with different LVP subsystems, both solid-state and liquid environments, and nonequilibrium subsystems, has been constructed at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility, Jilin University. This article describes the construction of the different subsystems and provides an overview of the capabilities and characteristics of the different HPHT subsystems. A large sample volume (1000 mm3) at 20 GPa is achieved through the use of a belt-type apparatus in the solid-state subsystem. HPHT conditions (1.8 GPa and 1000 K) are realized in the liquid subsystem through the use of a piston–cylinder-type LVP with optical diamond windows for in situ spectroscopic measurements. A maximum pressure jump to 10.2 GPa can be reached within 20 ms in the nonequilibrium subsystem with the use of an improved bladder-pressurization jump press. Some typical results obtained with different LVPs are briefly reviewed to illustrate the applications and advantages of these presses. In summary, the platform described here has the potential to contribute greatly to high-pressure research and to innovations in high-pressure technology.
Mining experimental magnetized liner inertial fusion data: Trends in stagnation morphology
Authors: Lewis William E. , Yager-Elorriaga David A. , Jennings Christopher A. , Fein Jeffrey R. , Shipley Gabriel A. , Porwitzky Andrew , Awe Thomas J. , Gomez Matthew R. , Harding Eric C. , Harvey-Thompson Adam J. , Knapp Patrick F. , Mannion Owen M. , Ruiz Daniel E. , Schaeuble Marc-Andre , Slutz Stephen A. , Weis Matthew R. , Woolstrum Jeffrey , Ampleford David J. , Shulenburger Luke
Published: August 2024

In magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF), a cylindrical liner filled with fusion fuel is imploded with the goal of producing a one-dimensional plasma column at thermonuclear conditions. However, structures attributed to three-dimensional effects are observed in self-emission x-ray images. Despite this, the impact of many experimental inputs on the column morphology has not been characterized. We demonstrate the use of a linear regression analysis to explore correlations between morphology and a wide variety of experimental inputs across 57 MagLIF experiments. Results indicate the possibility of several unexplored effects. For example, we demonstrate that increasing the initial magnetic field correlates with improved stability. Although intuitively expected, this has never been quantitatively assessed in integrated MagLIF experiments. We also demonstrate that azimuthal drive asymmetries resulting from the geometry of the “current return can” appear to measurably impact the morphology. In conjunction with several counterintuitive null results, we expect the observed correlations will encourage further experimental, theoretical, and simulation-based studies. Finally, we note that the method used in this work is general and may be applied to explore not only correlations between input conditions and morphology but also with other experimentally measured quantities.
Room temperature skyrmions in Pt/Co/Gd multilayers and their non-volatile electric-field creation in multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Zhou Yuqing , Li Shuang , Wei Zhijian , Hou Zhipeng , Zhou Yan
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the formation and control of magnetic skyrmions within a Pt/Co/Gd multilayer system. By systematically varying the thickness of the Co layer, we observe the emergence of Néel-type skyrmions, characterized by confined magnetization curls with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The interplay between magnetic anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, and antiferromagnetic coupling at material interfaces is investigated to understand the stability and manipulation of these fascinating spin configurations. Additionally, we explore the impact of an external electric field on skyrmion generation, demonstrating a pathway for their controlled creation. The observed electric-field control of skyrmions offers a promising approach to achieving non-volatile magnetic states with low power consumption and negligible Joule heating. These findings hold great potential for advancing spintronics and magneto-electric devices, enabling modulation of skyrmions for information storage and processing applications.
Josephson effect in a fractal geometry
Authors: Amundsen Morten , Juričić Vladimir , Ouassou Jabir Ali
Published: August 2024

The Josephson effect is a hallmark signature of the superconducting state, which, however, has been sparsely explored in non-crystalline superconducting materials. Motivated by this, we consider a Josephson junction consisting of two superconductors with a fractal metallic interlayer, which is patterned as a Sierpiński carpet by removing atomic sites in a self-similar and scale-invariant manner. We here show that the fractal geometry has direct observable consequences on the Josephson effect. In particular, we demonstrate that the form of the supercurrent–magnetic field relation as the fractal generation number increases can be directly related to the self-similar fractal geometry of the normal metallic layer. Furthermore, the maxima of the corresponding diffraction pattern directly encode the self-repeating fractal structure in the course of fractal generation, implying that the corresponding magnetic length directly probes the shortest length scale in the given fractal generation. Our results should motivate future experimental efforts to verify these predictions in designer quantum materials and motivate future pursuits regarding fractal-based SQUID devices.
Tensor hypercontraction for fully self-consistent imaginary-time GF2 and GWSOX methods: Theory, implementation, and role of the Green’s function second-order exchange for intermolecular interactions
Authors: Pokhilko Pavel , Yeh Chia-Nan , Morales Miguel A. , Zgid Dominika
Published: August 2024

We present an efficient MPI-parallel algorithm and its implementation for evaluating the self-consistent correlated second-order exchange term (SOX), which is employed as a correction to the fully self-consistent GW scheme called scGWSOX (GW plus the SOX term iterated to achieve full Green’s function self-consistency). Due to the application of the tensor hypercontraction (THC) in our computational procedure, the scaling of the evaluation of scGWSOX is reduced from O(nτnAO5) to O(nτN2nAO2). This fully MPI-parallel and THC-adapted approach enabled us to conduct the largest fully self-consistent scGWSOX calculations with over 1100 atomic orbitals with only negligible errors attributed to THC fitting. Utilizing our THC implementation for scGW, scGF2, and scGWSOX, we evaluated energies of intermolecular interactions. This approach allowed us to circumvent issues related to reference dependence and ambiguity in energy evaluation, which are common challenges in non-self-consistent calculations. We demonstrate that scGW exhibits a slight overbinding tendency for large systems, contrary to the underbinding observed with non-self-consistent RPA. Conversely, scGWSOX exhibits a slight underbinding tendency for such systems. This behavior is both physical and systematic and is caused by exclusion-principle violating diagrams or corresponding corrections. Our analysis elucidates the role played by these different diagrams, which is crucial for the construction of rigorous, accurate, and systematic methods. Finally, we explicitly show that all perturbative fully self-consistent Green’s function methods are size-extensive and size-consistent.
Electric Buoyancy-driven convection in stable and unstable thermal stratifications
Authors: Barry Elhadj B. , Kang Changwoo , Yoshikawa Harunori N. , Mutabazi Innocent
Published: August 2024

Thermo-electro-convective modes induced by a dielectrophoretic force in a differentially heated horizontal rectangular cavity have been investigated using direct numerical simulations in stable and unstable thermal stratifications. The variation of the electric tension applied to the plates of the cavity leads to multiple modes under microgravity as well as under both stable and unstable stratifications in terrestrial conditions. An effective electric Rayleigh number incorporating the effects of both the electric potential and the thermal stratification has been introduced in order to analyze the heat transfer induced by thermoelectric convection, leading to a unique curve of the variation of the Nusselt number with the effective electric Rayleigh number. The results can be used for modeling the heat transfer in microfluidic devices where the Archimedean buoyancy is very weak or to simulate natural convection at any planet using experiments performed on the Earth.
Unstable buoyant viscoelastic fluid flow in a vertical porous layer with temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Madhur D. H. , Shankar B. M. , Shivakumara I. S.
Published: August 2024

The stability of thermally driven buoyant flow of a viscoelastic fluid saturating a vertical porous layer with viscosity depending linearly on temperature is investigated numerically. The rheological behavior of the fluid is described through the Oldroyd-B model, leading to a modified Darcy's law of momentum transfer in the porous medium. The study explores the linear stability of the base flow by analyzing the behavior of normal modes of perturbation. Neutral stability curves and the critical Darcy–Rayleigh number are determined for a wide range of viscoelastic and viscosity parameters. Transition curves from stability to instability in the viscoelastic parameters space are also provided for both constant and variable viscosity cases. Additionally, the results for Newtonian, Boger, and Maxwell fluids are delineated as particular cases from this study.
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition as a technique for controlling the composition and properties of indium-based transparent conductive oxides
Authors: Zered Matanel , Korchnoy Valentina , Frey Gitti L. , Eizenberg Moshe
Published: August 2024

Indium oxide and doped indium oxide films were successfully grown utilizing a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition supercycling process, which was found to be an effective means of controlling films’ composition and, hence, their properties. Using trimethylindium and oxygen plasma as an indium precursor and a co-reactant, respectively, a growth rate of approximately 1.26 Å per cycle was obtained based on thickness measurements by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Three distinct dopants, Sn, Ti, and Mo, have been incorporated into indium oxide. The effects of dopant type, cycle ratio of dopant to indium oxide, and thermal annealing on the structural, electrical, and optical properties were studied. The deposited films consisted of polycrystalline columnar grains perpendicular to the substrate with a cubic bixbyite structure and [111] as the favored growth direction. Thermal annealing had a significant effect on the film characteristics, resulting in an order of magnitude reduction in resistivity, as well as changes in transmittance in the near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) regions. The lowest resistivities achieved for Sn-doped, Ti-doped, and Mo-doped were 2.8 × 10−4, 4.2 × 10−4, and 6.1 × 10−4 Ω cm, respectively. The changes are attributed to dopant activation, as the UV shift between the differently doped samples may be linked to the Moss–Burstein effect and the NIR behavior can be explained by an increase in charge carrier density, as predicted by the Drude model. The three dopants primarily provide a trade-off between electrical resistance and NIR transparency. Mo-doped films exhibited the highest near-infrared transparency, while Sn-doped films offered the lowest sheet resistance.
Mitigation of crosswind effects on high-speed trains using vortex generators
Authors: Xu Bin , Liu Tanghong , Shi Xuan , Sullivan Pierre E. , Chen Zhengwei , Chen Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Vortex generators can enhance the operational safety of high-speed trains and offer effective anti-rolling performance. This paper investigates the influence of vortex generator installation angles on the aerodynamic characteristics of trains. The Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation method is used to analyze the leeward side vortex structure. It is found that when the angle between the vortex generators and the relative wind is 30°, the rolling moment of the train is minimized, as it significantly reduces side forces while preventing excessive growth of lift force inducing rolling moment. The reduction in rolling moment of the train by vortex generators is attributed to the suppression of leeward side trailing vortices of the train, which delays flow separation at the roof of the train, inducing a downward trend in the separated flow. Dynamic Mode Decomposition reveals that vortex generators do not alter the stability of near-body trailing vortices but enhance the pulsatile characteristics of far-body trailing vortices, which do not affect the pressure distribution on the leeward side of the train.
Temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of A6B2O17 (A = Zr, Hf; B = Nb, Ta) phases
Authors: Spurling R. Jackson , Marakovits Michael T. , Hossain Arafat , Almishal Saeed S. I. , Perini Steven E. , Lanagan Michael T. , Maria Jon-Paul
Published: August 2024

We report on temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of disordered ternary A6B2O17 (A = Zr, Hf; B = Nb, Ta)-form oxides in the GHz frequency range. The microwave dielectric properties including relative permittivity, dielectric loss, and temperature-dependent relative permittivity were characterized using cylindrical dielectric resonators using a resonant post measurement technique. Dielectric measurements through the resonant post method approach generally agree with dielectric measurements of A6B2O17 bulk ceramics measured through standard resonant post techniques. Coefficients describing the temperature-dependent relative permittivity for ternary A6B2O17 phases are strongly positive, suggesting contributions to polarizability arising from long-range mechanisms potentially associated with structural disorder. These observations support the working hypothesis that material functionality can be engineered by the chemical diversity and structural disorder possible in high configurational entropy A6B2O17 phases.