bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-compression of sclerotomy sites after transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy
Authors: Lee Ho Young , Lim Sung Hyup , Yun Il Han , Lee Joo Eun
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy(TSV) has become more commonly performed, but the incidence of sclerotomy site leakage is becoming an issue. We have developed a new and easy sclerotomy closure technique using cryotherapy, and named it ‘cryo-compression’.Methods: After the removal of the cannula, sclerotomy sites’ cryotherapy was performed with the setting of one cryospot for each site and ten seconds for each spot. After cryotherapy, firm pressure was maintained for more than 30 seconds. Immediately after compression, when any degree of leakage was detected, a single transconjunctival suture with 8-0 vicryl was placed. Postoperatively, topical steroid and antibiotics eyedrops were administrated.Results: Sixteen patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy with this technique were reviewed retrospectively. The postoperative one- and six-hour intraocular pressures (IOPs) were significantly lower than preoperative IOP, but postoperative one-day and one-week IOPs were not different from preoperative IOP. Incidence of hypotony was 12.5% (N = 2/16 eyes) at only one hour but all eyes recovered. Intraoperative suture at sclerotomy sites was placed in eight of the 48 sclerotomies(16.7%) and suture placement was not required postoperatively. No cases of severe intraocular inflammation or endophthalmitis were indentified.Conclusions: Our short-term results are fairly respectable, so we think that the ‘Cryocompression’ technique is helpful to obtain sclerotomy closure in TSV.
Dry eye researchers and their publications in Asia and Europe
Authors: Leong Yuan Yuh , Tong Louis
Published: January 2021

Dry eye, a visually disabling disease that has been reported to be a major public health issue in many countries, is known to induce a significant decrease in quality of life. In this report, we aim to compile information on the investigators of dry eye that published most frequently in peer reviewed scientific journals and the publications in Asia and Europe.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography documentation of Reverse Pupillary Block -A case of Pigment Dispersion Syndrome in a 10 year Old Child
Authors: Maheshwari Devendra , Ramakrishnan Renagappa , Pawar Neelam
Published: January 2021

We report a 10-year-old boy with unusually dense, bilateral central posterior capsule pigmentation associated with the characteristic clinical features of pigment dispersion syndrome, including Krukenberg’s spindle and dense trabecular pigmentation in both eyes. There was no history of trauma , laser or intraocular surgeries . The presence of posterior or backward bowing of iris suggested a reverse pupillary block mechanism of pigment dispersion syndrome. Nd Yag laser peripheral iridotomy was performed in both eyes to relieve reverse pupillary block. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) showed reversal of iris concavity after laser iridotomy.
The performances of eye drop instillation in glaucoma patients
Authors: Manassakorn Anita , Tangseepha Yuvaporn
Published: January 2021

Aim: To evaluate the performances of the patients’ eye drop instillation and estimate the quantity of eye drop needed per month in glaucoma patients. Design: Cross-sectional, observational and questionnaire study. Methods: 137 glaucoma patients who had visual acuity better than 20/200 and had self-administered eye drops ≥ 6 months were included. All patients were informed to apply artificial tears into their eyes. Performances were directly observed and evaluated according to the following criteria: washing hands before application, applying the drops into lower conjunctival fornix, successful instillation on the first attempt, did not contaminate the tip of the bottle with eye and adnexa, and occluded their nasolacrimal duct or closing of the eyelids after application. We also interviewed about the same tasks they always do at home. Nonparametric test were used for analyses.  Results: Median (IQR) age of the study population was 68 years (18 – 89). Median (IQR) duration since diagnosis of glaucoma was 48 (6 – 576) months. During direct observation, only 1 patient (0.7%) was able to accomplish all 5 criteria whereas 9 patients (6.6%) could not accomplish any of the criteria. Twenty-nine patients (21.2%) successfully instilled a drop in the lower fornix without touching the ocular adnexa. The overall performance under direct observation was significantly lower than the interview score (p<0.001). Younger patients (<60 years old) had higher performance under direct observation (p = 0.006) and knew the correct techniques during interview session better than the older patients (p = 0.014). Fifty-eight patients (42.4%) used more than 1 drop for each attempt. Number of eye drops used reported by the patients was significantly lower than what was directly observed (p<0.001).Discussion: Performance of self-administered eye drop was very poor. Age affected the ability of eye drop application. Standard technique should be emphasized to improve the performance of the glaucoma treatment and prevent contamination.
Pattern ERG as a predictor in ocular hypertensive
Authors: Dave Paaraj , Jethani Jitendra
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To report the repeatability of Pattern Electrotretinogram (PERG) and its findings in ocular hypertension (OHT) and normal eyes.Methods: A cross-sectional study where PERG responses were compared between the study group comprising of 80 eyes of 80 patients with intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mmHg and the control group with 80 eyes of 80 normal individuals (IOP≤21mmHg). The optic disc and the visual fields were normal with a visual acuity of ≥ 0.8 in both groups. PERG was recorded twice for each individual in the control group by a single operator on 2 consecutive days to assess the repeatability.Results: The mean age in the study and control groups was 50.05±10.03 and 54.8±7.66 years(p=0.44) respectively. The mean IOP was 26.55±3.9 mmHg for the study group as opposed to 14.45±2.9 mmHg for the controls (p<0.001). The central corneal thickness and the cup-disc ratio was similar between the groups (p>.05). The P50-N95 amplitude (p=0.01) and the P50 latency (p<0.001) was statistically significantly different between both the groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed poor agreement for all parameters except for N35-P50 0.8 to 16 degree check size amplitude ratio (PERG ratio).Conclusion:  Increase in P50 latency emerges as a new candidate for early glaucoma indicator in addition to reduction in P50-N95 amplitude. PERG parameters suffer from high test-retest variability. Deterioration in PERG recordings should be interpreted with caution. The variability is lesser for the PERG ratio which maybe more meaningful while monitoring for change over time.
Internal carotid artery velocities in patients with unilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Reyes Karen Bulan
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the proximal, medial, and distal segments of internal carotid artery (ICA) peak systolic velocities (PSV) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in one eye against the contralateral side with normal eye findings using doppler ultrasound. Methods:  This is a single-center,  prospective, case control study of five patients with unilateral NA-AION.  The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the proximal, medial, and distal segments of the ICAs on both sides, one side with NA-AION while the contralateral side had normal eye findings, were compared and analyzed. Results: Four females and one male with a mean age of 59 years (SD = 17 years) were included. PSV of the ICA was measured in three segments: Proximal (PICA), Medial (MICA), and Distal (DICA). Mean PSV of eyes with NA-AION was 143cm/sec (SD= 177cm/sec), 159 cm/sec (SD=189 cm/sec), 98 cm/sec (SD=34cm/sec) for PICA, MICA and DICA respectively. Mean PSV of contralateral side without NA-AION was 95cm/sec (SD= 72cm/sec), 101 cm/sec (SD=53cm/sec), 140cm/sec (SD=60 cm/sec) for PICA, MICA and DICA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups along the three segments (T-test PICAp=0.369, MICAp=0.402, DICAp=0.112). Conclusion: Mean PSV was higher in eyes with NA-AION at the proximal and medial segments of the ICA, while it was lower at the distal segments compared to the contralateral non-NA-AION side.
Visual outcome and ocular survival in pediatric ocular trauma
Authors: Rao Lavanya G , Bhandary Sulatha V , Addoor Krishna Rao , Singh Aditi , Nair Suma , Binu V.S.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Ocular injuries in children are a major under-recognized cause of ocular morbidity and can be prevented by identifying the etiology and implementing measures to prevent these injuries. This study intends to assess the visual outcome and ocular survival in paediatric ocular trauma.

Design: A descriptive study set in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India.

Methods: A total of 56 children less than 18 years of age with ocular trauma during the period August 2010 to August 2012were studied. Injuries were classified as per modified Ocular Trauma Classification System (OTCS). Final visual outcome was assessed at the end of 1, 3, & 6 months.

Results: Of the 56 children assessed 87.5% were that of boys. About 12% were under-fives and almost 66% were in the age range of 5-14 years.  And majority   (47.45 %) had sustained trauma in  the streets. Closed globe injury predominated (69.49%). At presentation, grade I  injury  noted  in 28 eyes (47.45%), grade II  in 1 (1.69%), grade III in 3 (5.08%) , grade IV in  8  (13.55%) , PL negative in 3 (5.08 %)  and un-cooperative in 16 cases  (27.11 %). At six months, good vision noted in 44 eyes (74.6%), moderate in 5 (8.47%), poor vision in 1 (1.69 %), PL negative in 4 (6.77%), un-cooperative 4 cases (6.77%). 4 eyes had phthisis (6.77%) and 1 eye (1.69%) was eviscerated.

Conclusions: Ocular trauma in childhood was more common in the male child, mostly due to road traffic accidents.  Ocular trauma being a significant cause of visual loss in childhood, awareness campaigns are necessary.
Association between the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and myopia in medical students of the Medical Faculty of the Jenderal Soedirman University
Authors: Fuady Dzicky Rifqi , Arjadi Fitranto , Mulyanto Joko , Rujito Lantip , Setyanto M. Rifqy
Published: January 2021

Refractive error is one of the biggest eye problems in young people. The most prevalent Refractive error, myopia, is continuously increased. The myopia degree impact results in serious eye complication. Current studies report that myopia is associated with genetic and hormonal mechanism. Second to Fourth-Digit Ratio (2D:4D) on the other hand, has been reported as having a relationship with genetic and hormonal mechanism. The study was aimed to observe association between Second to Fourth-Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and myopia cases in medical students of Medical Faculty of Jenderal Soedirman University. This was a quantitative observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. One hundred students, divided into myopia and emmetropia group, was recruited for the study. Digit measurement was done using a computer-based method by two independent observers, whereas eye refraction test was conducted by an independent Refractionist. Independent t-test on 2D:4D ratio showed no difference in values (p>0,05) between myopia and emmetropia group. As conclusion, study reported that there was no significant association between second to fourth-digit ratio (2D:4D) with myopia cases in medical students of Medical Faculty of Jenderal Soedirman University.
Angle closure glaucoma caused by delayed vitreous prolapse into the posterior chamber after phacoemulsification
Authors: Rajamani Muralidhar , Ramamurthy Chitra
Published: January 2021

Vitreous in the anterior chamber is a known cause of raised intraocular pressure following cataract surgery. We present a case of delayed intraocular pressure following cataract surgery in a patient with pseudoexfoliation caused by vitreous prolapse into the posterior chamber. Control of intraocular pressure was achieved by an anterior vitrectomy. Prompt recognition and management of this condition is essential for a good outcome.
Clinical and histopathological correlation: A study on 334 eyes with retinoblastoma from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Ha Ngan , Pham Van Trong , Hoang Tuan Anh , Pham Van Hong , Nguyen Chung Ngoc , Nguyen Tinh Xuan , Vu Thuy Thi Bich , Conway R.Max
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To elucidate the clinical features which predict high-risk histopathological factors for subsequent metastatic disease as well as to report the incidence of these high-risk histopathological factors in a cohort of Asian patients with retinoblastoma.

Design: A retrospective and non-randomized sequential cases series.

Methods: A retrospective study was done on 334 eyes with retinoblastoma at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology during a 10 year period (January 2004 – December 2013). All pathology specimens and medical records were reviewed and assessed for invasion and clinical signs.

Results: Among 334 eyes, 225 (67.4%) had high-risk retinoblastoma and 109 (22.6%) had non-high-risk features on histopathology. The high-risk histopathological features included anterior chamber seeding (48.2%), iris infiltration (14.7%), ciliary body involvement (14.1%), massive choroidal invasion (29.9 %), post-laminar optic nerve invasion (21.2%), invasion of optic nerve transection (9.6 %), combined choroidal and optic nerve invasion (9.6 %), scleral invasion (3.3%), and extra-scleral infiltration (11.4%). The significant clinical features in high-risk group versus non-high-risk group included hyphema (19.6% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001), pseudohypopyon (19.1% vs 6.4%, p = 0.001), iris neovascularization  (25.3% vs 5.5%, p < 0.001), vitreous seeding (72.4% vs 37.6%, p < 0.001), staphyloma (24% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001) and scleritis (20% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Clinical signs including hyphema, pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, vitreous seeding, staphyloma, and scleritis were significantly associated with high-risk features on histopathology. Globe preserving methods should be used with caution in patients with these signs.
Changes in corneal properties and its effect on intraocular pressure measurement following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation with or without trabeculectomy
Authors: Dey Ashim , David RathiniLilian , Asokan Rashima , George Ronnie
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the changes incorneal biomechanical properties and their effect on pre and postoperative differences in IOP measurement by each tonometer

Design: Observational study.

Methods: The study was done in subjects who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (phaco-IOL) and combined phacoemulsification with IOL implantation and trabeculectomy (phaco-trab). IOP was measured by a single trained examiner using rebound tonometer (RBT), Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and Tono-Pen. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were measured using ORA, central corneal thickness (CCT) using ultrasonic pachymeter, and corneal curvature (CR) with manual keratometry. All measurements were done one week prior to surgery and after four weeks and six weeks of the two surgeries, respectively. Only the operated eye was included for analysis.

Results: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 normal subjects who underwent phaco-IOL and 23 eyes of 23 glaucoma subjects who underwent phaco-trab were studied. Increase in CCT [10.2 ± 14.86 microns, p = 0.001], decrease in CH [0.82 ± 1.38 mmHg, p = 0.003] and CRF [0.97 ± 1.0 mmHg, p < 0.001] were found post-phaco-IOL, whereas post-phaco-trab decrease in CCT [16.61 ± 15.22 microns, p < 0.001], CRF [2.28 ± 1.93 mmHg, p < 0.001] with increase in CH [0.95 ± 1.89 mmHg, p = 0.03] were noted. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant associations for change in CH and CRF with change in IOP and not with CCT and CR postoperatively.

Conclusion: Alterations in CH and CRF were associated with changes in IOP measured postoperatively by different tonometers. CH and CRF changes contribute to postoperative changes in measured IOP.
Cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia - white or yellow light
Authors: Ong Keith , Yue Andrew , Beka Sophie
Published: January 2021

To evaluate whether there is a difference in comfort level between yellow light and white light for the patient having cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia.
Causes of ocular discomfort in patients of computer vision syndrome coming to a tertiary care centre
Authors: Shahid Erum , Fasih Uzma , Jaffery Asad Raza , Shaikh Arshad
Published: January 2021

Aim: To document causes of ocular discomfort in patients with computer vision syndrome.

Materials and methods: This study included 150 patients with computer vision syndrome who presented in the Eye Out Patient Department of Abbassi Shaheed Hospital. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling technique starting from January 2016 until July 2016. All the patients were above 18 years and working at least three hours per day during the last 1 year. Patients diagnosed with ocular diseases, neurological diseases, using topical or systemic medications, who had ocular surgery and systemic diseases causing dry eyes, who did not give consent, and contact lens users were excluded. Ocular examination was done including refractive errors, slit lamp examination, and tear film breakup time. Data was collected and analysed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.

Results: This study had 150 individuals, of which 115 (76.2%) were males and 35 (23.2%) were females. Mean age was 32.3 ± 8.8 SD. The most frequent complaint was eye strain in 123 (81.5 %) individuals, followed by blurred vision in 94 (62.3%) individuals; the least common was diplopia in 13 (8.6%) individuals. Mean computer daily use was 5.96 ± 2.819 SD hours and duration of computer use was 10.13 ± 6.371 SD years. Tear film breakup time was less than 10 seconds in 63 (42%) individuals. Statistically significant P value 0.003 was seen between tear film breakup time and daily use in hours.

Conclusion: A frequent cause of ocular discomfort in patients with computer vision syndrome is decreased tear film break up time. Another important cause is uncorrected refractive error, the most common of which is myopia, which should be addressed without delay to reduce ocular discomfort.
Outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: Malik Anu , Dethi Smruti Ranjan , Gupta Yogesh Kumar , Gupta Alka
Published: January 2021

Aim: To compare surgical parameters and visual outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery (MICS) with standard phacoemulsification.

Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 60 eyes of 60 patients with age-related uncomplicated cataract who underwent: standard phacoemulsification surgery (30 eyes) i.e., Group 1, or coaxial MICS (30 eyes) i.e., Group 2. Intraoperative parameters were mean effective phacoemulsification power (EPP), effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), and total volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) used. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.

Results: Mean BCVA at 6 weeks was 0.04 ± 0.07 in Group 1 and 0.05 ± 0.08 in Group 2. No significant difference was observed in SIA between the two groups. Mean EPT was 29.80 ± 3.67 seconds in Group 1 and 31.93 ± 4.08 seconds in Group 2. The mean total EPP in Group 1 was 35.77 ± 5.17%, whereas it was 33.70 ± 3.05% in Group 2. There was a significant statistical difference between mean EPP and EPT in the two groups. Mean total BSS volume used in Group 1 was 128.83 ± 19.81 ml, whereas it was 139.33 ± 13.57 ml in Group 2.

Conclusion: Although EPT and BSS volume used were significantly higher in coaxial MICS, the postoperative results of the two techniques were comparable.
Extraocular muscle enlargement: rare presentation of plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Jacob Mridula , Pai H. Vijaya
Published: January 2021

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is usually seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected individuals. Very few cases of PBL are reported in the orbit till date. Morphologically and immunologically, it can mimic plasma cell myeloma. It is highly fatal and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating clinician. This scenario makes reporting of such rare tumors more relevant. We report a rare case of PBL of the orbit in a 49-year-old HIV-positive lady who presented with acute onset of painful proptosis and loss of vision in her left eye.
Diluting 5-fluorouracil with normal saline reduces patient discomfort
Authors: Ong Keith , Ong Ru Ming , Shu Daisy
Published: January 2021

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite and is used to improve the success rate of trabeculectomies by inhibition of subconjunctival fibrosis. It can be administered postoperatively as a subconjunctival injection or given intraoperatively via cellulose sponge soaked in 5-FU and placed between the sclera and conjunctival flap. The advantage of injecting 5-FU subconjunctivally postoperatively is that the dose and frequency can be titrated according to patients’ needs. Subconjunctival injection may be uncomfortable and this could be due to the alkaline nature of 5-FU (pH 9.20) and its osmolarity of 384 mmol/l. It would be beneficial if this discomfort can be minimised as the injection may need to be given several times.
Successful management of intralenticular Ozurdex injection causing cataract and intractable glaucoma
Authors: Negiloni Kalpa , George Ronnie Jacob , Sudharshan Sridharan , Tripathi Shwetha
Published: January 2021

A 50-year-old female presented with profound vision loss and was previously advised injection Ozurdex in the left eye. In the left eye, the anterior chamber was quiet, intraocular pressure (IOP) was 58 mmHg and cataractous changes were noted with Ozurdex implant inside the lens substance. The left eye had glaucomatous cupping (0.9:1 CDR), bipolar rim thinning, inferior notch and healed choroiditis. The patient underwent phacoemulsification, trabeculectomy and mitomycin-C in the left eye. Visual acuity improved and IOP was under control. Although Ozurdex is effective, there are reports of complications related to the drug and implantation procedure. This case highlights an uncommon complication of an uncontrolled, persistent steroid response leading to glaucomatous optic atrophy and profound vision loss due to an accidental intralenticular implantation of Ozurdex. Our case reinforces the need for caution about the decision regarding the judicious use of intravitreal steroids and employment of appropriate technique.
Policy recommendations in response to the resurgence of COVID-19 cases for institutional medical practice from an ophthalmic perspective
Authors: Lim Blanche X.H. , Lim Chris H.L. , Goh Aaron Q.Y. , Lim Dawn K.A. , Tan Clement W.T.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. Singapore was one of the first countries to identify imported cases and also experience a second wave of outbreaks. A slew of measures enacted by the government to ‘flatten the curve’ has directly impacted upon the way we practice.

Study design/Methods: This article describes steps enacted by our department to ensure sustainability of our ophthalmic practice.

Results: We share considerations at various time points and policies implemented in a stepwise approach in response to the worsening community situation. We further discuss our phased approach towards reinstating our services safely and effectively for patients and staff in a markedly different practice climate.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly upended the way we practice medicine. Reflecting on the ideal measures required for such occurrences in the future will empower practices with the ability to respond effectively to future outbreaks.
CRECIMIENTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA COPA DE PROCEDENCIAS DE Pinus gregii Engelm. EN GALEANA, NUEVO LEÓN
Authors: Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo , Valencia-Manzo Salvador , Meza-Rangel Joel , Capó-Arteaga Miguel Ángel , Reynoso-Pérez Andrés
Published: January 2021

Las poblaciones naturales de Pinus greggii Engelm. se distribuyen en pequeños manchones, aisladas por barreras geográficas que limitan el intercambio genético entre ellas, por lo que se supone que existe una diferenciación genética importante. En este trabajo se evaluó la supervivencia, el crecimiento y las características de la copa en árboles de nueve procedencias de Pinus greggii Engelm. a 4.5 años de plantados en el Ejido 18 de Marzo, Galeana, Nuevo León, México. La medición se hizo en 2004, al registrar supervivencia, altura, diámetro a la base del tallo, altura a la primera rama y diámetro de copa (N-S, E-O); se calcularon, además, el diámetro promedio de copa, el área de proyección de copa, el área de intercepción lumínica y el porcentaje de copa de cada árbol. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) entre las procedencias en todas las variables, excepto en supervivencia. Los árboles de la procedencia con mayor crecimiento alcanzaron una altura promedio de 136.5 cm, con una área de proyección de copa de 0.85 m2. El área de intercepción lumínica varió en más de 1.1 m2 entre las procedencias extremas. Las diferencias obtenidas en las características de la copa estuvieron asociadas a las diferencias en la tasa de crecimiento de las procedencias. El crecimiento en altura del árbol se correlacionó con la elevación del sitio de origen (r = -0.76); el área de intercepción lumínica (r = 0.94), el área de proyección de copa (r = 0.86) y el porcentaje de copa (r = 0.48) se asociaron con el crecimiento en altura de los árboles. El estudio muestra evidencias para seleccionar las procedencias de Los Lirios, Coah. y Agua Fría, N. L., para proteger el suelo del sitio de plantación.
ADVANCED MATURITY OF ‘PERLETTE’ TABLE GRAPES BY TRAINING SYSTEMS WHICH INCREASE FOLIAGE EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT
Authors: Gardea Alfonso A. , Noriega José Ramón , Orozco Jesús Antonio , García-Bañuelos Mónica , Carvajal-Millán Elizabeth , Valenzuela-Soto Elisa M. , Aguilar-Valenzuela Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Although extensive work has been reported on winegrapes (Vitis vinifera L.) regarding canopy structure, management and microclimate on berry ripening and composition, scarce information has been devoted to this issue in tablegrapes. Canopy microclimate, photosynthesis and other physiological traits were determined in three year old ‘Perlette’ vines trained on a T-trellis, in Sonora, México. In the undivided commercial T-trellis UTT) vine canopy, the photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) reaching external, middle and internal leaf layers were 1922, 53 and 34 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. In the same order, net photosynthesis (Pn) rates were 19.0, 1.7 and 1.0 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, while chlorophyll contents were 1.9, 1.7 and 1.0 mg mL-1. No differences in total protein content were found between leaf layers, but significant differences in rubisco specific activity were found among external, middle and internal leaves, reaching 1.07, 0.65 and 0.25 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. Four training systems were compared against a commercial undivided T-trellis (UTT): Slanted pergola (Pergola), a specifically designed system (CIAD), Lyre (Lyre) and a divided T-trellis (Divided). Significant differences in PPFD on Lyre, Pergola, CIAD, Divided and UTT yielded 2192, 2076, 1900, 885 and 711 μmol m-2 s-1. At véraison, Pn in Pergola, CIAD, Lyre, Divided and UTT was 12.7, 11, 12.5, 10.5 and 5.1 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively. Five days after harvest, Pn showed a decrease in all training systems, particularly in UTT which showed only 3.7 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. Stomatal resistance at véraison and postharvest was highest in UTT with 4.2 and 6.8 s cm-1 for both periods. Total soluble solids by 27 April were 15.7 °Brix for CIAD, while for UTT was only 12.1 °Brix. A week later, CIAD, Lyre, Pergola and Divided reported 16.3, 15.9, 15.5 and 15.2 °Brix, while UTT reached only 13.1 °Brix. Thus by dividing canopies and applying canopy management techniques the harvest date in the early season seedless grapes can be advanced, by increasing light harvest, photosynthetic rate and berry sugar accumulation.
EL FACTOR GAMETOFÍTICO-1 (ga1) EN HÍBRIDOS COMERCIALES DE MAÍZ DE MÉXICO
Authors: De la Cruz-Larios Lino , Sánchez-González José de Jesús , Ron-Parra José , Santacruz-Ruvalcaba Fernando , Baltazar-Montes Baltazar , Ruíz-Corral José Ariel , Morales-Rivera Moisés Martín
Published: January 2021

En este estudio se caracterizó la composición alélica del locus de incompatibilidad ga1 (Factor gametofítico-1), de 84 híbridos comerciales de maíz (Zea mays L.) de áreas subtropicales, tropicales y de valles altos de México. Como referencia se usaron siete razas de maíz con composición alélica conocida, y como probadores a: P-3394 (recesivo ga1/ga1) y las cruzas simples entre líneas de origen tropical por templado, NC354 x W22-P4830 y NC354 x W22-P5270, cuyo genotipo es Ga1-S/Ga1-S. Los híbridos se agruparon con base en su origen (institución pública o privada) y las diferencias entre los grupos para la variable llenado de mazorca fueron determinadas con base en los procedimientos GLM y MIXED del Sistema de Análisis Estadístico (SAS). La constitución alélica dentro y entre instituciones resultó muy variable, con predominio de materiales homocigotos Ga1- m/Ga1-m (55 %), seguido de homocigotos recesivos (ga1/ga1) en cerca de 25 %, y 20 % fueron heterocigotos Ga1-m/ga1; en ningún material se encontró el alelo Ga1-S.
EFECTO DEL SOMBREADO DE RACIMOS SOBRE COLOR Y CALIDAD EN UVAS ROJAS PARA MESA (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Leguizamón-M. Graciela del Valle , González-León Alberto , Sotelo-Mundo Rogerio R. , Islas- Osuna María A. , Bringas-Taddei Elsa , García-Robles Jesús M. , Carvallo Tania , Báez-Sañudo Reginaldo
Published: January 2021

El color es el principal atributo de calidad externo en las uvas rojas (Vitis vinifera L.) y es conferido por antocianinas que son altamente influenciables por las condiciones ambientales. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del sombreado de racimos sobre los parámetros de calidad y contenido de antocianinas de uvas, con el propósito de seleccionar las variables que definen el desarrollo del color. Se utilizaron racimos del cv. ‘Flame Seedless’ producidos durante la temporada 2003 – 2004, que fueron cubiertos en el preenvero con una red plástica blanca o con una red negra (que presumiblemente retenían 50 % de luminosidad) y un tratamiento testigo sin sombreado. Se encontraron efectos significativos de los tratamientos en lo referente a color (hue y CIRG), pero no en las características internas de calidad. Los racimos cubiertos con red negra presentaron al momento de la cosecha un índice CIRG = 3.18, con una acumulación de 688 μg g-1 de antocianinas, que superaron a los testigos (CIRG = 3.10 y 678 μg g-1) y a los racimos cubiertos con la red blanca (CIRG = 2.61 y 653 μg g-1). Las correlaciones entre CIRG vs. sólidos solubles totales, pH y acidez titulable presentaron valores 0.69, 0.53 y -0.71, respectivamente. Una función logarítmica (R2= 0.70) modeló la relación entre la intensidad lumínica y la temperatura máxima que alcanzaron los racimos. Las temperaturas mínimas registradas durante la noche definieron el color, descrito por una relación cuadrática (R2=0.86).
IDENTIFYING RAPD MARKERS LINKED TO AN ERECT GLANDULAR HAIR TRAIT IN ALFALFA
Authors: González-García Juvencio , Ray Ian M. , Cantrell Roy G. , Guerrero-Morales Sergio
Published: January 2021

Selection for molecular markers tightly linked to an important trait may improve selection efficiency and genetic gain in hybridization. This study was conducted to identify DNA markers associated with erect glandular hairs in diploid alfalfa. One hundred and sixty nine plants of “KS94GH6”, a diploid (2n = 2x = 16) Medicago sativa var. viscosa (Rchb.) possessing erect glandular hairs, were crossed to cultivated alfalfa at the diploid level (CADL), a non glandular-haired alfalfa. Genotypic selection for this trait was practiced by quantifying erect glandular hair number in 10 progeny from every simple cross family. The number of erect glandular hairs was determined based on a 1 cm length of stem from the third fully elongated internode of the shoot apex from a subsample of three stems each containing 10 internodes. Two DNA pools were generated by bulking equal quantities of DNA from the original parent genotypes, whose progeny possessed the 10 highest or the 10 lowest numbers of erect glandular hairs. Both DNA pools were screened for RAPD-PCR with 100 random 10-mer oligonucleotide primers. One primer (UBC-055) gave one polymorphic DNA product of 1603 bp size between the DNA bulks. The polymorphic band, denoted UBC-0551603, was present in the low glandular hair number DNA bulk and absent in the high glandular hair number DNA bulk. Co-segregation of the RAPD marker with erect glandular hair phenotype was determined to be highly associated (P ≤ 0.01).
Adaptabilidad a las tecnologías de la información, comunicación y procrastinación laboral en colaboradores del sector público en Arequipa
Authors: Arias Gonzáles José Luis
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo científico tuvo como objetivo principal establecer la relación entre la adaptabilidad a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) y la procrastinación laboral en colaboradores del sector público en Arequipa, se desarrolló bajo los lineamientos metodológicos de una investigación básica, correlacional y no experimental-transversal, se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumentos, el cuestionario Ce-PAC y la escala PAWS, la recolección de datos se hizo de forma virtual por medio de formularios de Google; la población se conformó por 18,589 colaboradores y para hallar la muestra se utilizó el método probabilístico-aleatorio simple, quedando conformada por 376 colaboradores. Los principales resultados demostraron que el nivel de adaptabilidad a las TIC de los colaboradores del sector público fue baja y en consecuencia, el nivel de procrastinación laboral alta, lo que resulta una relación significativa inversa, la cual fue demostrada mediante la prueba de hipótesis de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 0.000, asimismo, se evidenció que la mayoría de colaboradores tienen más de 41 años de edad, y que las mujeres tienen mayor nivel de adaptabilidad a las TIC y menor procrastinación laboral que los hombres.
Test de Denver y el test Prunape, instrumentos para identificar alteraciones de desarrollo psicomotor
Authors: Jumbo Salazar Freddy Fernando , Salazar Villacis María Gabriela , Acosta Gavilánez Roberto Iván , Torres Constante Diana Vanessa
Published: January 2021

El desarrollo psicomotor infantil y los factores que lo afectan son objeto de interés en muchos estudios, en particular, por parte de los expertos involucrados, en la protección y mejora de la salud de los niños. Es extremadamente importante conocer el neuropsicológico y motor normal del niño, para determinar las desviaciones que pueden variar, desde leves hasta extremadamente graves, los datos de la literatura internacional arrojan una multitud de pruebas de detección. Por lo descrito, el objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la efectividad de los instrumentos Denver y Prunape. Se realizó un estudio comparativo mediante una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando varias bases de datos, en donde se segmento la búsqueda con la Escala Denver y Prunape, la búsqueda se realizó en una fase, la cual se centró en información publicada entre el año 2010 y el 2020. Se concluye que el test Denver, a pesar de que existe registros de especificidad y sensibilidad entre el 50%, existe una predominancia mayoritaria, por lo mismo, se interpreta que es óptima para la valoración de posibles problemas en el desarrollo, por otro lado, el test Prunape cuenta con estimación de sensibilidad del 80%, la especificidad y valor predictivo se encuentra con parámetros superiores al 90%. Se estima que el test Prunape incluso supera en especificidad al test de Denver, debido que, en comparación, el test de Denver posee una representación superior en ciertos contextos.
Thermochemical Conversion Behavior of Turkish Lignite/Poppy Capsule Pulp Blends in N2 and CO2 Atmospheres
Authors: IŞIK GÜLSAÇ Işıl
Published: January 2021

In this study, Thermogravimetric Analyzer coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) was used for the determination of the thermochemical conversion reactivity of two different types of Turkish lignite coal (Tunçbilek and Orhaneli-Gümüşpınar) and poppy capsule pulp (PCP) mixtures under pyrolysis conditions at nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) atmospheres. Activation energies (Ea) and pre-exponential factors (A) were determined according to Coats-Redfern method and first-order reaction model. In CO2 atmosphere, all samples exhibited an extra weight loss around 800 - 850 ° C, different from the N2 atmosphere, due to the reactive nature of CO2 during thermal decomposition. FTIR analysis confirmed this finding, at high temperatures CO formation were observed in the CO2 atmosphere. In all mixtures, the third zone experimental decomposition temperature is lower than that obtained theoretically in N2 atmosphere, showing that there might a synergistic interaction between the PCP and the lignite samples. The Ea of PCP/Tunçbilek lignite mixtures are smaller than the Ea of their parent components indicating synergy in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. However, initial and maximum decomposition temperatures for the parent components remain unchanged for these mixtures. Moreover, especially at temperatures higher than 600 °C, the Ea for biomass/lignite mixtures found lower than the theoretical values, due to the possible synergistic interactions between PCP and coal samples. According to FTIR analysis, CO, CH4, CHn and ether/amine components were detected. Gaseous pyrolysis product compositions were highly dependent on temperature, and gas species formation was consistent with the weight loss of samples.
HUNTER, Richard. The Measure of Homer: The Ancient Reception of the Iliad and Odyssey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Authors: Freitas Eduardo da Silva de
Published: January 2021

Trata-se de Resenha do livro The Measure of Homer: the Ancient Reception of the Iliad and Odyssey, de Richard Hunter, publicado em 2018 pela Cambridge University Press.
ROSSETTI, Livio. O diálogo socrático. Tradução de Janaína Mafra. São Paulo: Editora Paulus, 2015. (Col. Cátedra). 312 p
Authors: Mafra Janaína
Published: January 2021

Resenha do livro: ROSSETTI, Livio. O diálogo socrático. Tradução de xxxxx . Col. Cátedra. São Paulo: Editora Paulus, 2015, 312p.
Wydarzenia Marca ’68 a polska nauka historyczna
Authors: Rutkowski Tadeusz Paweł
Published: January 2021

The genesis of changes in Polish historical scholarship, for which the events of March 1968 became a catalyst, is rooted in the first half of the 1960s. It was then that the ever clearer generational splits became marked among Polish historians, related to the academic advancement of historians belonging to the younger generations, who had already obtained their education in the People’s Poland. It was some of the scholars who had made their careers in the 1950s who took a standpoint which was increasingly clearly opposed to the PUWP’s policy, the latter being tinted with nationalism. On the eve of the events of March, the Polish historians’ milieux were thus split, with the intra-community conflicts reinforced by the restrictive censorship policies of the PUWP authorities and their striving to make scholars conform to the current policy. The events of March 1968 became a catalyst of both the processes occurring in Polish historical scholarship in the 60s and the PUWP policy aimed at strengthening political control over scholarship. The brutal dispersal, by the ‘Citizens Militia’, of the students’ rally in the courtyard of Warsaw University on 8th March resulted in protests not only on the part of the students, but also on that of the professors of Warsaw University and the Polish Academy of Sciences. Among their numbers were the historians Juliusz Bardach, Bogusław Leśnodorski, Tadeusz Manteuffel, Henryk Samsonowicz. The attitudes of the scholarly staff of Warsaw University’s Department of History were strongly influenced by the prestige of the ‘old’ professors. To a limited degree, the historians’ milieu was affected by the repressions on the part of the authorities after the March events. The institutions which suffered most were the Jewish Historical Institute and the Institute of History at the University of Łódź. The number of appointments of so-called ‘March docents’ among the historians was relatively small and most of them have later written and defended their post-doctoral dissertations. As a result of the anti-Semitic campaign, more than a dozen historians of Jewish extraction probably left Poland. Another effect that the March events had on scholarship was the re-organisation of scholarly structures and numerous personal changes in institutions and to the editorial committees of scholarly journals, as well as the acceleration of the generational change. Some liberalisation of the censorship also occurred between March and September 1968, and the assessment of the image of Poland’s history changed to to become more optimistic.
„My, wypędzeni ze stron ojczystych, rezygnujemy z zemsty i odwetu” – stuttgarcka Karta z 5–6 sierpnia 1950 roku jako dokument historyczny
Authors: Stickler Matthias , Koszutska Marta
Published: January 2021

German politicians, including those performing the office of Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, have highly appreciated and continue to appreciate the Charter of the German Expellees. While the Charter is of crucial importance for the Federation of Expellees, there are, nevertheless, no scholarly analyses of how it came into being. The author describes how the German expellee organisations were formed in the first years after the war, how the Charter of the German Expellees itself was written and adopted and what role it performed. It combined the right to a native land with the renouncement of vengeance and revenge and also had the unity of Europe as its objective. It constituted part of the FRG society’s self-perception as a community of victims. At the same time, it was a declaration of reconciliation, which made it possible for the Federation of Expellees to maintain the strong, political and social position that it continues to hold today. In the chain of initiatives aimed at reconciliation between Germany and its eastern neighbours, the Charter was an important link.
Orędzie biskupów polskich w ocenie niemieckiego MSZ
Authors: Madajczyk Piotr
Published: January 2021

The history of the Polish Bishops’ Letter of Reconciliation to the German bishops, sent in the autumn of 1965, that is, in a very inopportune political climate, is now relatively well known and researched. What contributed to its being widespread, was the perception of it as a pre-cursor of the Polish-German reconciliation, an initiative which, while not capable of having a real impact on Poland and West Germany in the 60s, pointed to alternative methods by which it could be carried out and distanced itself from retaining hostility as a basis for Polish-German relations and using the stereotype of a threat on the part of Germany in Polish domestic politics. The circumstances in which the Letter had been brought into being could be studied thanks to the opening of Polish archives after the fall of Communism. The article shows how the Letter was received by West German diplomacy, in terms, most of all, of an appraisal of the chances and opportunities in the international arena which could follow from such a reception. What was important from Bonn’s point of view was the setting of the controversies around the Letter in Poland in a wider context, namely, one of balancing the relationships between determinants rooted in domestic politics, the policy of Moscow and the East Block and that of the Vatican.
„Z Polską małżeństwo z rozsądku, a nie z miłości”. Polska i Polacy w Dziennikach Josepha Goebbelsa (1924–1939)
Authors: Król Eugeniusz Cezary
Published: January 2021

The Diaries of the Third Reich’s Minister for Public Enlightement and Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, amount to around 35 000 pages altogether. After myriad obstacles had been overcome, they were published in print in Germany in 1993–2006, with a separate supplement, consisting of three volumes with indexes of places, persons and subjects, following in 2007–2008. More recently, a three-volume edition of excerpts, translated into Polish and furnished with added endnotes and an introduction, was published in 2013–2014. It focused on Polish issues, taking into account every reference to Poland, even the very smallest. The author of this article analyses Goebbels’ entries in respect of Poland and Poles in detail, paying attention both to their quantitative aspect and to their subject matter. In quantitative terms, short entries, often telegraphic in style, are the most plentiful; those of a medium or more extensive length are very scarce. In view of the immense number of pages of the Diaries which have been preserved and published in print, this is a modest representation. It is, nevertheless, cognitively significant and refers to events important from the point of view of Polish-German relationships and international issues. There are several ‘Polish’ topics in the Diaries; they run, like the proverbial red thread, over several pages or even a dozen or so. They include such matters as Goebbels’ visit in Poland in June 1934 and the Third Reich’s persuading of Poland both to take part in a joint march East and to invade Czechoslovakia in October 1938. The issues relating to the preparations for the attack on Poland in September 1939 in German propaganda are referred to particularly extensively. The author’s analysis is supplemented with numerous notes, both on the subject matter and bibliographical details.
Antropologia rewolucji w RFN i Polsce w latach 1970–1979 w perspektywie porównawczej i historycznej
Authors: Lipold Patrycja
Published: January 2021

The nineteen seventies number among the most interesting periods of post-war times. They included the Vietnam war, the Hippie movement in the United States, the Socialist movement in Western Europe and the policy of ‘Détente’ in the East-West relationships. It was the extra-parliamentary opposition that gave birth to the extreme-left (terrorist) movements in Germany and worker protests in Poland, which, in turn, set about fighting the authorities and changing the relationships in their country. It was a time of rapid, dynamic changes and involvement. In the opinion of the participants in those processes themselves, they brought about a release, they constituted an apotheosis of a freedom such as they would probably never again experience in their lifetimes. These were the years of anti-authoritarian rebellion, of risking one’s own life and of international contacts of various kinds; they were the years which were to change the two countries and their history forever. The Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction) in Germany and the Workers’ Defence Committee in Poland were the two groups which spurred the great mobilisation of the societies in both countries. They provoked the events which were talked about, which were lived, the events which, transforming themselves into a great cause-and-effect machine, introduced changes that gave rise to effects, we have continued to experience to this day. Both groups had a similar genesis; they were rooted in political opposition and revolutionary purpose and they brought about immense consequences for the two societies, for politicians and for history.