bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional impact of halitosis
Authors: Troger Bernard , Almeida Jr Hiram Laranjeira de , Duquia Rodrigo Pereira
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the emotional impact of halitosis on 18-year-old men using a self-reported questionnaire.METHOD:A total of 2,224 participants underwent dental and medical examinations in the army medical services in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in July 2008.RESULTS: In this sample, 12% of respondents expressed concern about their oral malodor, which had a strong emotional impact on their quality of life.CONCLUSIONS: The individuals reporting halitosis showed a higher degree of concern with their oral malodor. Low educational level and low income were associated with psychological impact and halitosis in this population.
Systematic review of studies about countertransference in adult psychotherapy
Authors: Machado Diogo de Bitencourt , Coelho Fábio Monteiro da Cunha , Giacomelli Augusto Dutra , Donassolo Mariana Almeida Lopes , Abitante Morgana Sonza , Dall'Agnol Tatiane , Eizirik Cláudio Laks
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: Countertransference, the emotional reaction of a psychotherapist toward a patient, is an important technical element of psychotherapy. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and describe the main findings of studies that evaluated countertransference in adult psychotherapy.METHODS: A search was conducted of the databases Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge to retrieve data published in any language at any time.RESULTS:Of the 1,081 studies found in the databases, 25 were selected. Most were about psychodynamic psychotherapy, and results indicated that positive countertransference, that is, feelings of closeness to the patient, are associated with positive outcomes, such as symptom improvement and good therapeutic alliance.CONCLUSIONS: Although few studies were found in the literature, countertransference seems to be an important source of knowledge about several aspects, such as treatment outcomes, attachment style, therapeutic alliance, patient symptoms and diagnoses.
Culpada ou inocente? comentários de internautas sobre crimes corporativos
Authors: Oliveira Cintia Rodrigues de , Valadão Júnior Valdir Machado , Miranda Rodrigo
Published: December 2014

Neste artigo, analisamos comentários de internautas postados em notícias sobre crimes corporativos veiculadas na imprensa eletrônica nacional. Concentramos nossa análise em reportagens sobre um tipo específico de crime corporativo, o trabalho escravo, com o objetivo de identificar as concepções em torno do assunto, partindo da análise da dinâmica intertextual entrelaçada na sua produção. Como resultados, evidenciamos temas discursivos, discursos e ideologias imersos nos comentários analisados, sinalizando para a importância de se compreender a produção intertextual sobre a atuação das corporações.
Corporate social responsibility practices at brazilian firms
Authors: Galego-Álvarez Isabel , Formigoni Henrique , Antunes Maria Thereza Pompa
Published: December 2014

Corporate Social Responsibility practices have been on the rise in recent years in firms all over the world. Brazil, as one of the most important countries emerging on the international scene, is no exception to this, with more and more firms taking up these practices. The present study focuses on analyzing the corporate social responsibility practices that Brazilian companies engage into. The sample used is comprised of 500 firms grouped by geographical area; the theoretical framework is based on stakeholder and institutional theories; and the technique used for the analysis is the biplot, more specifically the HJ Biplot and cluster analysis. From the results obtained it is possible to infer that the CSR variables corresponding to environmental practices are more closely linked to companies located in the northern areas of Brazil. Social and community practices are related to companies primarily in the southern and northeastern regions of the country.
Credibilidad en latinoamérica del informe de responsabilidad social corporativa
Authors: Sierra-García Laura , García-Benau María A. , Zorio Ana
Published: December 2014

Para dar mayor credibilidad a la información publicada en los informes de responsabilidad social corporativa se asigna a estos de un proceso de aseguramiento por parte de un experto externo. Esta investigación se basa en 1.021 observaciones de 12 países de Latinoamérica durante los años 2006-2010. A la vista de los resultados, podemos concluir que Latinoamérica es una región donde cada vez hay un mayor compromiso con la sostenibilidad. Además, los resultados señalan que la decisión de otorgar mayor credibilidad a las políticas sostenibles por medio del aseguramiento depende del tamaño de la empresa, del sector al que pertenece y del país donde se encuentre.
Role of complementary therapies in the understanding of primary healthcare professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Schveitzer Mariana Cabral , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone
Published: December 2014

Objective To identify the understanding of the healthcare professionals in relation to the role of complementary therapies in primary health care. Method Systematic review by way of the following information sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PeriEnf, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Psicoinfo and Psicodoc, using the keyword Primary Health Care alone, and associated with the following keywords: Medicinal Plants, Herbal Medicine, Homeopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture, Anthroposophical Medicine. Results Twenty-two studies from 1986 to 2011 were included. We identified three styles of practice: conventional medicine, complementary therapies and integrative medicine. Positioning professional practices within these three styles may facilitate discussion of concepts of health care, enhancing the health care provided as a result. Conclusion The work process in primary care presents difficulties for conducting integrative and holistic health care, but this practice has been introduced over time by professionals who integrate conventional medicine and complementary therapies, concerned with the care and well-being of patients.
Determinants of emergency contraception non-use among women in unplanned or ambivalent pregnancies
Authors: Santos Osmara Alves dos , Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Chofakian Christiane Borges do Nascimento , Pirotta Kátia Cibelle Machado
Published: December 2014

Objective To analyze the determinants of emergency contraception non-use among women in unplanned and ambivalent pregnancies. Method Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 366 pregnant women from 12 primary health care units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A multinomial logistic regression was performed, comparing three groups: women who used emergency contraception to prevent ongoing pregnancies (reference); women who made no use of emergency contraception, but used other contraceptive methods; and women who made no use of any contraceptive methods at all. Results Cohabitation with a partner was the common determinant of emergency contraception non-use. No pregnancy risk awareness, ambivalent pregnancies and no previous use of emergency contraception also contributed to emergency contraception non-use. Conclusion Apart from what is pointed out in the literature, knowledge of emergency contraception and the fertile period were not associated to its use.
Use of medicinal plants by black women: ethnography study in a low-income community
Authors: Rosa Patricia Lima Ferreira Santa , Hoga Luiza Akiko Komura , Santana Mônica Feitosa , Silva Pâmela Adalgisa Lopes
Published: December 2014

Objective To explore beliefs, values and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Method The research method was ethnography and the participant observation process was done in a low-income community in the peripheral area of the City of São Paulo. Twenty black women were interviewed. Results Two cultural sub-themes, I do use medicines that I learned to make with my mother and with religious practitioners to care for diseases and Home medicines are to treat problems that are not serious, and the cultural theme I do use home medicines to treat simple diseases because I always have them at my disposal, they are free and I don’t need a medical prescription represent beliefs, values, and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Conclusion The development of such practices, which can hide ethnic and social vulnerability, reveals the resilience of low-income black women in the process of confronting problems during the health-illness process.
Use and records of child health handbook focused on growth and development
Authors: Palombo Claudia Nery Teixeira , Duarte Luciane Simões , Fujimori Elizabeth , Toriyama Áurea Tamami Minagawa
Published: December 2014

Objective To evaluate the use and records of the Child Health Handbook (CHH), especially growth and development. Method Cross-sectional study with 358 mother-child pairs registered in 12 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) of a small municipality. Mothers were interviewed at the PHC from February to April 2013 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using WHO Anthro software, Epi InfoTM and Stata. Results Fifty-three percent of the mothers were carrying the CHH at the time of the interview, similar to the proportion of mothers who were instructed to bring the CHH to health appointments. Annotations in the CHH during the visits were reported by 49%. The vaccination schedule was completed in 97% of the CHH, but only 9% and 8% of the CHH, respectively, contained growth charts and properly completed developmental milestones. Conclusion Low rates of use and unsatisfactory record-keeping in the CHH reinforce the need for investment in professional training and community awareness for the CHH to become an effective instrument of promotion of child health.
Living with pain: the experience of children and adolescents in palliative care
Authors: Borghi Camila Amaral , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Damião Elaine Buchhorn Cintra , Guedes Danila Maria Batista , Silva Ellen Maria Reimberg da , Barbosa Silvia Maria de Macedo , Polastrini Rita Tiziana
Published: December 2014

A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with the aim of understanding the experience of children and adolescents under palliative care when managing pain daily and how they describe the intensity, quality and location of pain. We used Piaget’s theory of cognitive development as a theoretical framework and oral history as a methodological framework. We found four themes: describing pain; seeking a life closer to normality, despite pain and disease; using a variety of alternatives for pain control; and living with damaged physical appearance. Although pain is a limiting factor in the lives of children and adolescents, we found that they faced their daily pain and still had a life beyond pain and illness. In addition, we highlight the relevance of nurses’ understanding that effective management of pain in children is essential for a normal life and less suffering.
Nurses’ attitudes regarding the importance of families in pediatric nursing care
Authors: Angelo Margareth , Cruz Andréia Cascaes , Mekitarian Francine Fernandes Pires , Santos Carolina Cavalcante da Silva dos , Martinho Maria Júlia Costa Marques , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva
Published: December 2014

Affective, cognitive and behavioral components affect nurses´ attitudes to include families in the care processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of nurses about the importance of including families in nursing care. Data collection was performed in pediatric and maternal-child unit of a Brazilian university hospital. A sample of 50 nurses completed the Portuguese version of the instrument Families’Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC-NA). The results indicated that nurses have supportive attitudes regarding families participation in nursing care. Attitudes of lower support for involving families in nursing care were found among nurses with older age, more time in the profession and who had no previous contact with contents related to Family Nursing. The application of the instrument in other contexts of assistance may help to illuminate important aspects of the challenges to implementing a family-centered approach in clinical practice.
The practice of nurses caring for families of pediatric inpatients in light of Jean Watson
Authors: Santos Maiara Rodrigues dos , Bousso Regina Szylit , Vendramim Patrícia , Baliza Michelle Freire , Misko Maira Deguer , Silva Lucía
Published: December 2014

Objective To know the facilities and the difficulties of nurses in caring practice of hospitalized children’s families in the light of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Method It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Results The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusion In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.
Assessment of primary health care: health professionals’ perspective
Authors: Silva Simone Albino da , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Paraizo Camila Maria da Silva , Fracolli Lislaine Aparecida
Published: December 2014

Objective To assess primary health care attributes of access to a first contact, comprehensiveness, coordination, continuity, family guidance and community orientation. Method An evaluative, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 35 professional teams in the Family Health Program of the Alfenas region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was done with the Primary Care Assessment Tool - Brazil, professional version. Results Results revealed a low percentage of medical experts among the participants who evaluated the attributes with high scores, with the exception of access to a first contact. Data analysis revealed needs for improvement: hours of service; forms of communication between clients and healthcare services and between clients and professionals; the mechanism of counter-referral. Conclusion It was concluded that there is a mismatch between the provision of services and the needs of the population, which compromises the quality of primary health care.
Overview of hospitalizations by ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the municipality of Cotia, Brazil
Authors: Torres Renata Laszlo , Ciosak Suely Itsuko
Published: December 2014

Objective To describe the profile of Hospitalizations by Amulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (HACSC), in the Municipality of Cotia, from 2008 to 2012. Method ecological, exploratory, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Data on HACSC, by age group and sex, were obtained from the Department of the Unified Health System. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used. Results During the period, there were 46,676 admissions, excluding deliveries, 7,753 (16.61%) by HACSC. The main causes were cerebrovascular diseases, 16.96%, heart failure, 15.50%, hypertension, 10.80% and infection of the kidney and urinary tract, 10.51%. Regarding gender, HACSC occurred predominantly in males. There was a greater number of HACSC at extreme age ranges, especially in the elderly. Conclusion Chronic diseases predominate among the leading causes of HACSC and there was no significant difference between sex.
Comprehensiveness and programmatic vulnerability to stds/hiv/aids in primary care
Authors: Val Luciane Ferreira do , Nichiata Lucia Yasuko Izumi
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to identify programmatic vulnerability to STDs/HIV/AIDS in primary health centers (PHCs). This is a descrip - tive and quantitative study carried out in the city of São Paulo. An online survey was applied (FormSUS platform), involving administrators from 442 PHCs in the city, with responses received from 328 of them (74.2%), of which 53.6% were nurses. At - tention was raised in relation to program - matic vulnerability in the PHCs regarding certain items of infrastructure, prevention, treatment, prenatal care and integration among services on STDs/HIV/AIDS care. It was concluded that in order to reach comprehensiveness of actions for HIV/ AIDS in primary health care, it is necessary to consider programmatic vulnerability, in addition to more investment and reor - ganization of services in a dialogue with the stakeholders (users, multidisciplinary teams, and managers, among others).
Analysis of the process of translation of knowledge regarding early childhood at the undergraduate level
Authors: Pina-Oliveira Alfredo Almeida , Moreira Roseli Lana , Pécora Rosemary Aparecida Fracolli , Chiesa Anna Maria
Published: December 2014

Objective To analyze innovative contents on Early Child Development Promotion. Method This action-research involves nine faculties from four Higher Education Institutions at inner-state of São Paulo, Brazil.Data were collected by syllabi analyses (2009-2011), interviews and focus group. We have adopted an ECDP underpinning from international consensus, thus evaluating KT Results We have found relevant incorporation between teaching and extension in Nursing (87,5%) and Psychology (75%) undergraduate courses, while Pedagogy was restricted to teaching. Conclusion This KT evaluation has evinced innovative potential of extension, regardless teaching and research, for a better Early Childhood.
Difficulties of familes in caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders: an integrative review
Authors: Campelo Lany Leide de Castro Rocha , Costa Sarah Maria Esequiel , Colvero Luciana de Almeida
Published: December 2014

Objective To identify the difficulties of families with children and/or adolescents with mental disorder. Method This is an integrative review. In December 2013, an electronic search was performed on Latin American Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences databases (LILACS) and on Electronic Medicus Index of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) indexed in the Health Virtual Library (BVS) using a combination of descriptors and boolean operators as follows: mental disorders and child or adolescent and caregivers and/not health staff. Results 557 studies were identified, of which 15 were selected for this study. The findings indicated difficulties related to the care for or to interaction with children/adolescents with mental disorder. Conclusion The studies revealed difficulties related to everyday practices of care and feelings expressed during care practices, as well as in relationships with children or adolescents with mental disorder.
Determinantes dos Investimentos Diretos Externos Chineses: Aspectos Econômicos e Geopolíticos
Authors: Santos Leandro Teixeira dos , Milan Marcelo
Published: December 2014

A China tornou-se em 1993 o principal receptor de Investimentos Diretos Externos (IDEs) entre os países em desenvolvimento, e até 2014 será a principal origem desses investimentos no mundo de acordo com a UNCTAD (2012a). O objetivo deste artigo é estudá-la enquanto origem de fluxos de IDEs com possíveis determinantes geopolíticos. A partir de uma revisão da literatura, sugere-se que as principais teorias da internacionalização de empresas não conseguem explicar completamente os IDEs quando estes podem estar sendo influenciados por aspectos geopolíticos. Argumenta-se, então, que a Teoria Eclética da internacionalização pode preencher esta lacuna, caso incorpore como determinantes dos IDEs objetivos nacionais como a busca de poder nacional. Este elemento adicional possibilitaria caracterizar os IDEs chineses como instrumentos para a consecução de objetivos geopolíticos.
Uma Perspectiva de Longo Período sobre a Integração Latino-americana Vista pelo Brasil
Authors: Bueno Clodoaldo , Ramanzini Júnior Haroldo , Vigevani Tullo
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do texto é discutir o processo de integração latino-americano, com atenção especial às posições brasileiras, visando compreender os elementos de continuidade entre a política dos primeiros anos da República, particularmente o período do Barão do Rio Branco (1902-1912), e a atualidade. Buscam-se as raízes remotas da política brasileira em relação à integração regional que, nos anos 1980, confluíram na proposta do Mercosul. Analisam-se as atitudes do Brasil em relação aos seus vizinhos, bem como os experimentos de coordenação de políticas e estratégias destinadas a maximizar os interesses dos países da região.
Parceria Trans-Pacífico: Novas Geometrias no Capitalismo Global
Authors: Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: December 2014

Em 2005, Brunei, Chile, Cingapura e Nova Zelândia firmaram acordo de parceria econômica no sentido de uma interação estratégica na região Ásia-Pacífico. Em 2009, os Estados Unidos se envolveram, assumindo a liderança das negociações. Desde então, as tratativas sobre a Parceria Trans-Pacífico ganharam impulso, com Austrália, Malásia, Peru e Vietnã aderindo em 2010 e Canadá e México em 2012, somando onze membros até o início de 2013. Baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o artigo caracteriza essa iniciativa e discute seus termos principais e questões mais controversas. Entre estas, figuram as propostas sobre direitos de propriedade intelectual e investimentos, com vantagens para grandes empresas, inclusive na resolução de disputas entre investidores e Estados, fontes de apreensão e fortes críticas entre grupos sociais. Também se explora a motivação dos Estados Unidos, envolvendo garantia de proeminência na região de maior crescimento econômico no planeta. “Conter” a influência e a liderança chinesas parece uma estratégia central daquele país, questões econômicas e geopolíticas entrelaçando-se fortemente nesse contexto.
A educação em saúde como proposta transversal: analisando os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e algumas concepções docentes
Authors: Marinho Julio Cesar Bresolin , Silva João Alberto da , Ferreira Maira
Published: December 2014

Parte do pressuposto de que a transversalidade é concebida como uma aposta de mudança na educação e apresenta inferências sobre o tema. A análise está fundamentada nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) do tema transversal "saúde", em entrevistas semiestruturadas e em relatos de professores, e evidencia que, no Brasil, a transversalidade ganha força na década de 1990, com a promulgação dos PCN que elencam "temas transversais". Na concepção dos professores investigados, a educação em saúde manifesta-se como algo na periferia do currículo. Os autores entendem que isso ocorre em função da consolidação dos campos disciplinares na escola e da estrutura das disciplinas nos currículos dos cursos para formação de professores.
A saúde na escola: análise dos documentos de referência nos quarenta anos de obrigatoriedade dos programas de saúde, 1971-2011
Authors: Monteiro Paulo Henrique Nico , Bizzo Nelio
Published: December 2014

O tema da saúde é tradicional nos currículos escolares no Brasil, podendo ser visto em materiais didáticos desde o final do século XIX. Definindo como ponto de partida o estabelecimento da obrigatoriedade do desenvolvimento dos programas de saúde em 1971, este artigo analisa alguns documentos oficiais que buscaram traçar diretrizes para a educação em saúde no âmbito escolar quanto à concepção de saúde expressa, aos objetivos a alcançar e ao papel da educação em saúde na formação geral dos alunos. A análise aponta para uma importante carência de referências que orientem o ensino da saúde na escola, assim como para ideias que permanecem inalteradas, a despeito das mudanças sociais e dos avanços teóricos ocorridos no período.
A reforma sanitária brasileira na contemporaneidade: resistência ou consenso
Authors: Silva Alessandra Ximenes da
Published: December 2014

Este artigo analisa as tendências ideopolíticas da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira na contemporaneidade, formuladas pelos sujeitos políticos coletivos integrantes do Fórum da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira e da Frente Nacional contra a Privatização da Saúde. Para empreender esta análise, estruturamos o processo no levantamento bibliográfico, na análise de documentos e na observação sistemática da defesa de interesses dos sujeitos políticos coletivos. O estudo abrange o momento de governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores no período de 2003 a 2012 e desvela os distintos projetos de Reforma Sanitária que estão em disputa, que tendem ao consenso e a resistência às inflexões do projeto.
Interculturalidad e inclusión del alumnado marroquí en educación primaria de Andalucía
Authors: Terrón-Caro Teresa , Palma Verónica Cobano-Delgado
Published: December 2014

En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en una de las zonas prioritarias para el asentamiento de población extranjera en España, concretamente la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. En el curso 2011-2012, había en la región de estudio un total de 32.308 alumnos extranjeros matriculados en régimen general en Educación Primaria. En este sentido, se plantea el siguiente problema de investigación: ¿en qué medida se siente integrado el alumnado de origen marroquí de educación obligatoria en Andalucía? y ¿cuáles podrían ser las líneas de actuación para favorecer la convivencia escolar? Con el propósito de dar respuesta al problema planteado, el objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar aquellos factores más relevantes que favorecen la inclusión del alumnado de origen marroquí matriculado en centros de educación primaria públicos de Andalucía. La metodología utilizada es múltiple y diversa, combinando el enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se han empleado varias técnicas de recogida de información: el análisis documental, el cuestionario y la observación participante. Entre los principales resultados hallados, cabe destacar que el mayor obstáculo que el alumnado ha encontrado al llegar a España en su proceso de integración es la lengua. No obstante, la mayor parte del alumnado estudiado afirma tener una identidad múltiple, definiéndose a sí mismo tanto marroquí como español. Esta realidad demanda por parte de los educadores intervenciones pedagógicas planificadas para seguir favoreciendo y madurando las identidades múltiples, así como para mejorar la adquisición de la lengua de la escuela, instrumento clave para favorecer la inclusión.
Small cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Calado Bruno Nagel , Maron Paulo Eduardo Goulart , Vedovato Bruno César , Barrese Tomas Zecchini , Fernandes Roni de Carvalho , Perez Marjo Deninson Cardenuto
Published: December 2014

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely aggressive and rare tumor. Even though small cell carcinoma most commonly arises from the lungs there are several reports of small cell carcinoma in extrapulmonary sites. Due to its low frequency there is no well-established management for this disease. We report the case of a 61 year-old man with small cell carcinoma of the bladder who underwent radical cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We also reviewed the literature for the optimal treatment strategy.
Can lumbar hemorrhagic synovial cyst cause acute radicular compression? Case report
Authors: Timbó Luciana Sátiro , Rosemberg Laercio Alberto , Brandt Reynaldo André , Peres Ricardo Botticini , Nakamura Olavo Kyosen , Guimarães Juliana Frota
Published: December 2014

Lumbar synovial cysts are an uncommon cause of back pain and radiculopathy, usually manifesting with gradual onset of symptoms, secondary to involvement of the spinal canal. Rarely, intracyst hemorrhage occurs, and may acutely present as radicular - or even spinal cord - compression syndrome. Synovial cysts are generally associated with degenerative facets, although the pathogenesis has not been entirely established. We report a case of bleeding complication in a synovial cyst at L2-L3, adjacent to the right interfacet joint, causing acute pain and radiculopathy in a patient on anticoagulation therapy who required surgical resection.
Psychometric properties of the Burnout Inventory for Referees
Authors: Brandão Maria Regina Ferreira , Serpa Sidónio , Rosado Antonio , Weinberg Robert
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Burnout Inventory for Referees (BIR) in Portuguese in a sample of professional soccer referees and to explore the nomological validity of the inventory through concurrent validation. The analysis showed a factorial structure of burnout for the referees with one second order factor and three first order factors; physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. A cross-validation procedure showed that the factor structure was replicable, and the inventory demonstrated internal reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the study assessed the concurrent validity of the inventory by examining the correlation between the scores of the Burnout Inventory for Referees and the scores of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The subscales of burnout and total burnout were positively correlated with tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion and negatively with vigor, as expected. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of BIR presents good evidence of validity and reliability in the assessment of referees who may be at risk of suffering from burnout.
Toxocara cati (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from Brazil: a case of pseudoparasitism
Authors: Pinto Hudson Alves , Mati Vitor Luís Tenório , Melo Alan Lane de
Published: December 2014

Eggs of Toxocara cati were found in the feces of Didelphis albiventris from a peridomestic urban environment in Brazil. Negative fecal tests following short-term captivity of the opossums, as well as the absence of ascaridids during necropsy, suggest the occurrence of pseudoparasitism. Implications of the findings for the epidemiology of toxocariasis are discussed.
Studies on some fish parasites of public health importance in the southern area of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalil Mokhtar Ibrahim , El-Shahawy Ismail Saad , Abdelkader Hussein Saad
Published: December 2014

The present study was the first attempt to survey the diversity of fish zoonotic parasites in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, particularly the Najran area, from October 2012 to October 2013. Approximately 163 fish representing seven species (two of freshwater fish and five of marine fish) were examined for fish-borne trematode metacercariae using the compression technique, and for zoonotic nematode larvae. Adult flukes were obtained from cats experimentally infected with the metacercariae on day 25 post-infection The prevalence of each parasite species was recorded. The parasites found belonged to two taxa: Digenea (Heterophyes heterophyes and Haplorchis pumilio) in muscle tissue; and nematodes (larvae of Capillaria sp.) in the digestive tract. The morphological characteristics of the fish-borne trematode metacercariae and their experimentally obtained adults were described. This is the first report of these parasites in fish in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Myripristis murdjan presented higher prevalence of Capillaria sp. infection (22.7%), while Haplorchis pumilio was the dominant metacercarial species (7.9%). Although the number of documented cases continues to increase, the overall risk of human infection is slight. The increasing exploitation of the marine environment by humans and the tendency to reduce cooking times when preparing seafood products both increase the chances of becoming infected with these parasites. Furthermore, our results indicate that certain fish production systems are at risk of presenting fish zoonotic parasites, and that control approaches will benefit from understanding these risk factors.
Infection of the heart of Pimelodus ornatus (Teleostei, Pimelodidae), by Myxobolus sp. (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae)
Authors: Matos Edilson , Videira Marcela , Velasco Michele , Sanches Osimar , Clemente Sergio Carmona de São , Matos Patricia
Published: December 2014

The phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970, consists of a heterogenous group of around 50 genera that are worldwide disseminated in a wide variety of aquatic media. In the present study, 43 specimens of Pimelodus ornatus were collected from an adjacent area to the Cachoeira do Arari municipality on Marajó Island, in the Brazilian state of Pará, in 2013. Macroscopic analysis showed the presence of whitened plasmodia located in the cardiac muscle and also in the region between the bulbus arteriosus and atrium cordis. Microscopic analysis on the parasitized tissues revealed spores that were typically piriform, with the anterior portion slightly narrower than the posterior end. The spore valves were symmetrical. The present species is placed in the genus Myxobolus Butschli, 1882, because of the presence of a pair of equal polar capsules in each spore. The prevalence of parasitism observed was 13.9% (6/43). This research note reports the first occurrence of Myxobolus as a parasite of the heart in the teleostean fish P. ornatus in the Amazon region and confirms the occurrence of secondary myocarditis in this fish, caused by parasitism by Myxobolus sp. The rarity of this parasitic species of Myxobolus at this tissue site, associated with other spore morphology characteristics in the fish, suggests that it is an undescribed species.
Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
Authors: Spada Julio Cesar Pereira , Silva Diogo Tiago da , Martins Kennya Rozy Real , Rodas Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco , Alves Maria Luana , Faria Glaucia Amorim , Buzutti Marcelo Costa , Silva Hélio Ricardo , Starke-Buzetti Wilma Aparecida
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.
Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in meat and dairy goat herds in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Andréa Dantas de , Andrade Milena de Medeiros Clementino , Vítor Ricardo Wagner de Almeida , Andrade-Neto Valter Ferreira de
Published: December 2014

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which is the main causative agent of abortion in small ruminants. Goats are among the animals that are most susceptible to this protozoon, and the disease that it causes leads to significant economic losses and has implications for public health, since presence of the parasite in products of goat origin is one of the main sources of human infection. Because of the significant economic impact, there is an urgent need to study the prevalence of T. gondii infection among goats in Sertão do Cabugi, which is the largest goat-producing region in Rio Grande do Norte. In the present study, the ELISA assay was used to test 244 serum samples from nine farms, located in four different municipalities in the Sertão do Cabugi region, which is an important goat-rearing region. The results showed that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 47.1% and that there was a significant association between positivity and the variables of age (≥ 34 months), location (Lajes, Angicos and Afonso Bezerra) and farm (all the farms). The avidity test was applied to all the 115 ELISA-positive samples to distinguish between acute and chronic infection. One hundred and three samples (89.6%) displayed high-avidity antibodies, thus indicating that most of the animals presented chronic infection, with a consequent great impact on the development of the goat production system and a risk to human health.
Survey of canine tick-borne diseases in Lábrea, Brazilian Amazon: ‘accidental’ findings of Dirofilaria immitis infection
Authors: Soares Herbert Sousa , Camargo Luis Marcelo Aranha , Gennari Solange Maria , Labruna Marcelo Bahia
Published: December 2014

Blood samples were collected from 99 domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of the Lábrea municipality, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Canine serum samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay against Rickettsia spp., which revealed that only 3.0% (1/33) and 7.6% (5/66) of the dogs from urban and rural areas, respectively, reacted positively to at least one Rickettsia species. DNA was extracted from canine blood and tested by a battery of PCR assays targeting protozoa of the genera Babesia and Hepatozoon, and bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Ehrlichia and family Anaplasmataceae. All samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the genera Babesia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia. For Anaplasmataceae, 3% (1/33) and 39.4% (26/66) of the urban and rural dogs, respectively, yielded amplicons that generated DNA sequences 100% identical to the corresponding sequence of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis. Because of these results, all canine DNA samples were further tested in a PCR assay targeting filarial nematodes, which was positive for 18.2% (6/33) and 57.6% (38/66) urban and rural dogs, respectively. Filarial-PCR products generated DNA sequences 100% identical to D. immitis. While tick-borne infections were rare in Lábrea, D. immitis infection rates were among the highest reported in South America.
Heteroscedasticity of axial strength of transversely anisotropic rock
Authors: Bozorgzadeh N. , Harrison J. P.
Published: December 2014

Some previously published triaxial strength data of Delabole slate and Angers schist are re-analysed. The strength data are grouped according to the orientation of the anisotropy plane relative to the applied major principal stress, and Bayesian regression is used to model peak strength as a linear function of confining pressure for each group. The analysis indicates that not only the magnitude but also the variance of strength and the effect of confining pressure on strength are orientation dependent. These dependencies have profound ramifications for the implementation of a geotechnical limit state design framework.
The laboratory measurement and interpretation of the small-strain stiffness of stiff clays
Authors: GASPARRE A. , HIGHT D.W. , COOP M.R. , JARDINE R.J.
Published: December 2014

The techniques and procedures used in advanced triaxial tests to measure the small-strain stiffness of stiff clays are reviewed. Differences between reported datasets for the stiffness characteristics of London Clay and the scatter within these datasets are shown to be the result of details regarding: apparatus configuration, particularly the connection between the internal load cell and the sample top platen; instrument and signal conditioning resolution; the ratio of shearing axial strain rate to preceding creep strain rate; and the approach taken to data interpretation, including normalisation.
Bio-cementation of sandy soil using microbially induced carbonate precipitation for marine environments
Authors: CHENG L. , SHAHIN M.A. , CORD-RUWISCH R.
Published: December 2014

This study proposes and describes a novel approach for cementing sandy soils in marine environments by modifying the promising technique of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). In contrast to the usual MICP technique described in the literature, the method proposed herein relies on the calcium ions dissolved in seawater as the sole source of calcium for calcite formation. This proposed method involves flushing high-salinity-tolerant, urease-active bacteria followed by a mixture of urea and seawater through a porous sandy soil, leading to bacterial carbonate release from the urease reaction and precipitation of insoluble and semi-soluble carbonate salts including calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate trihydrate. This precipitation method resulted in a physical stabilisation of sand that reached an unconfined compressive strength of up to 300 kPa, which is about two-fold higher (with same amount of crystals produced) than that of the MICP treatment in which highly concentrated calcium and urea solutions are used. Permeability was retained at about 30% for all MICP-treated samples, suggesting good drainage ability. This new exploration of MICP technology provides a high potential for using bio-cementation in marine environments, for applications such as mitigation of submarine sediment liquefaction and prevention of beach sand erosion and cliffs scouring.
Defoliation by pastoralists affects savanna tree seedling dynamics by limiting the facilitative role of canopy cover
Authors: Bufford Jennifer L. , Gaoue Orou G.
Published: December 2014

Recurrent tree defoliation by pastoralists, akin to herbivory, can negatively affect plant reproduction and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the indirect role of defoliation in seedling recruitment and tree–grass dynamics in tropical savanna is limited. In West African savanna, Fulani pastoralists frequently defoliate several fodder tree species to feed livestock in the dry season. We investigated the direct and indirect effects of recurrent defoliation of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) by Fulani people on seedling (<2 cm basal diameter) and sapling dynamics in West Africa using four years of demographic data on seedling and sapling density, growth, and survival, coupled with fruit production and microhabitat data over the same time period. Tree canopy cover facilitated seedlings but had negative effects on sapling growth possibly via intraspecific competition with adult plants. Interspecific competition with grasses strongly reduced seedling survival but had a weak effect on sapling growth. Fire reduced seedling survival and weakly reduced growth of seedlings and saplings, but did not affect sapling survival. These results indicate that the effect of fire on seedlings and saplings is distinct, a mechanism suitable for an episodic recruitment of seedlings into the sapling stage and consistent with predictions from the demographic bottleneck model. Defoliation affected seedling density and sapling growth through changes in canopy cover, but had no effect on seedling growth and sapling survival. In the moist region, sapling density was higher in sites with low‐intensity defoliation, indicating that defoliation may strengthen the tree recruitment bottleneck. Our study suggests that large‐scale defoliation can alter the facilitative role of nurse trees on seedling dynamics and tree–sapling competition. Given that tree defoliation by local people is a widespread activity throughout savanna–forest systems in West Africa, it has the potential to affect tree–grass coexistence. Incorporating the influence of large tree defoliation into existing models of savanna dynamics can further our understanding of tree–grass coexistence and improve management. A rotating harvest system, which allows seedlings to recruit episodically, or a patchwork harvest, which maintains some nursery trees in the mosaic, could help sustain seedling recruitment and minimize the indirect effects of harvest.
Large‐scale expansion of no‐take closures within the Great Barrier Reef has not enhanced fishery production
Authors: Fletcher W. J. , Kearney R. E. , Wise B. S. , Nash W. J.
Published: December 2014

A rare opportunity to test hypotheses about potential fishery benefits of large‐scale closures was initiated in July 2004 when an additional 28.4% of the 348 000 km2 Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region of Queensland, Australia was closed to all fishing. Advice to the Australian and Queensland governments that supported this initiative predicted these additional closures would generate minimal (10%) initial reductions in both catch and landed value within the GBR area, with recovery of catches becoming apparent after three years. To test these predictions, commercial fisheries data from the GBR area and from the two adjacent (non‐GBR) areas of Queensland were compared for the periods immediately before and after the closures were implemented.

The observed means for total annual catch and value within the GBR declined from pre‐closure (2000–2003) levels of 12 780 Mg and Australian $160 million, to initial post‐closure (2005–2008) levels of 8143 Mg and $102 million; decreases of 35% and 36% respectively. Because the reference areas in the non‐GBR had minimal changes in catch and value, the beyond‐BACI (before, after, control, impact) analyses estimated initial net reductions within the GBR of 35% for both total catch and value. There was no evidence of recovery in total catch levels or any comparative improvement in catch rates within the GBR nine years after implementation. These results are not consistent with the advice to governments that the closures would have minimal initial impacts and rapidly generate benefits to fisheries in the GBR through increased juvenile recruitment and adult spillovers. Instead, the absence of evidence of recovery in catches to date currently supports an alternative hypothesis that where there is already effective fisheries management, the closing of areas to all fishing will generate reductions in overall catches similar to the percentage of the fished area that is closed.