bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation behavior of thermoplastic elastomer specimens: Observation of the strain behavior in a wide range of tensile speeds
Authors: Isogai Yumiko , Yokoyama Atsushi , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Sumiyama Takuya , Fruich Kenji , Nonomura Chisato
Published: February 2018

During the tensile testing of thermoplastic elastomers it is difficult to obtain true stress–strain curves because of necking phenomenon. Thus, we conducted a high‐speed tensile testing of Thermoplastic polyester elastomer's (TPC) notched specimens with strain measurement using digital correlation and reported the true stress–strain relations under various tensile speeds in this study. Because notched specimens enable control necking position, TPCs vary depending on the composition and composition ratio of the basic composition of the hard and soft segments. TPCs with two different hardness values (D52 and D57; ASTM D2240) were investigated. In typical TPCs using in this study, the hard and soft segments are composed of a polybutylene terephthalate chain and a polytetramethylene glycol chain, respectively. Because the strain rate and yield stress relationship are known to strongly influence the internal structure of TPCs, the relaxation time behavior depends TPCs' internal structure. In this study, we investigated the strain speed dependence in a TPCs. From the results, we could discuss quantitatively about influence on mechanical properties by changes in the internal structure depended on hard segment and soft segment in necking. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E151–E157, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Acceptability and satisfaction of project MOVE: A pragmatic feasibility trial aimed at increasing physical activity in female breast cancer survivors
Authors: Pullen Tanya , Sharp Paul , Bottorff Joan L. , Sabiston Catherine M. , Campbell Kristin L. , Ellard Susan L. , Gotay Carolyn , Fitzpatrick Kayla , Caperchione Cristina M.
Published: February 2018

Objective

Despite the physical and psychological health benefits associated with physical activity (PA) for breast cancer (BC) survivors, up to 70% of female BC survivors are not meeting minimum recommended PA guidelines. The objective of this study was to evaluate acceptability and satisfaction with Project MOVE, an innovative approach to increase PA among BC survivors through the combination of microgrants and financial incentives.

Methods

A mixed‐methods design was used. Participants were BC survivors and support individuals with a mean age of 58.5 years. At 6‐month follow‐up, participants completed a program evaluation questionnaire (n = 72) and participated in focus groups (n = 52) to explore their experience with Project MOVE.

Results

Participants reported that they were satisfied with Project MOVE (86.6%) and that the program was appropriate for BC survivors (96.3%). Four main themes emerged from focus groups: (1) acceptability and satisfaction of Project MOVE, detailing the value of the model in developing tailored group‐base PA programs; (2) the importance of Project MOVE leaders, highlighting the value of a leader that was organized and a good communicator; (3) breaking down barriers with Project MOVE, describing how the program helped to address common BC related barriers; and (4) motivation to MOVE, outlining how the microgrants enabled survivors to be active, while the financial incentive motivated them to increase and maintain their PA.

Conclusion

The findings provide support for the acceptability of Project MOVE as a strategy for increasing PA among BC survivors.
In children, the microbiota of the nasopharynx and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are both similar and different
Authors: Kloepfer Kirsten M. , Deschamp Ashley R. , Ross Sydney E. , Peterson‐Carmichael Stacey L. , Hemmerich Christopher M. , Rusch Douglas B. , Davis Stephanie D.
Published: February 2018

Rationale

Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are often obtained to elucidate the lower airway microbiota in adults. Acquiring sputum samples from children is difficult and obtaining samples via bronchoscopy in children proves challenging due to the need for anesthesia and specialized procedural expertise; therefore nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are often used as surrogates when investigating the pediatric airway microbiota. In adults, the airway microbiota differs significantly between NP and BALF samples however, minimal data exist in children.

Objectives

To compare NP and BALF samples in children undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy.

Methods

NP and BALF samples were collected during clinically indicated bronchoscopy. Bacterial DNA was extracted from 72 samples (36 NP/BALF pairs); the bacterial V1‐V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform. Analysis was performed using mothur software.

Results

Compared to NP samples, BALF had increased richness and diversity. Similarity between paired NP and BALF (intra‐subject) samples was greater than inter‐subject samples (P = 0.0006). NP samples contained more Actinobacteria (2.2% vs 21%; adjusted P = 1.4 × 10−6), while BALF contained more Bacteroidetes (29.5% vs 3.2%; adjusted P = 1.2 × 10−9). At the genus level several differences existed, however Streptococcus abundance was similar in both sample types (NP 37.3% vs BAL 36.1%; adjusted P = 0.8).

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence that NP samples can be used to distinguish differences between children, but the relative abundance of organisms may differ between the nasopharynx and lower airway in pediatric patients. Studies utilizing NP samples as surrogates for the lower airway should be interpreted with caution.
Risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in premature infants
Authors: Blanken Maarten O. , Paes Bosco , Anderson Evan J. , Lanari Marcello , Sheridan‐Pereira Margaret , Buchan Scot , Fullarton John R. , Grubb ElizaBeth , Notario Gerard , Rodgers‐Gray Barry S. , Carbonell‐Estrany Xavier
Published: February 2018

Background

The objective was to develop a risk scoring tool which predicts respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) in moderate‐late preterm infants (32‐35 weeks’ gestational age) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Methods

Risk factors for RSVH were pooled from six observational studies of infants born 32 weeks and 0 days to 35 weeks and 6 days without comorbidity from 2000 to 2014. Of 13 475 infants, 484 had RSVH in the first year of life. Logistic regression was used to identify the most predictive risk factors, based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The model was validated internally by 100‐fold bootstrapping and externally with data from a seventh observational study. The model coefficients were converted into rounded multipliers, stratified into risk groups, and number needed to treat (NNT) calculated.

Results

The risk factors identified in the model included (i) proximity of birth to the RSV season; (ii) second‐hand smoke exposure; and (iii) siblings and/or daycare. The AUROC was 0.773 (sensitivity: 68.9%; specificity: 73.0%). The mean AUROC from internal bootstrapping was 0.773. For external validation with data from Ireland, the AUROC was 0.707 using Irish coefficients and 0.681 using source model coefficients. Cut‐off scores for RSVH were ≤19 for low‐ (1.0%), 20‐45 for moderate‐ (3.3%), and 50‐56 (9.5%) for high‐risk infants. The high‐risk group captured 62.0% of RSVHs within 23.6% of the total population (NNT 15.3).

Conclusions

This risk scoring tool has good predictive accuracy and can improve targeting for RSVH prevention in moderate‐late preterm infants.
Laryngeal ultrasound for the diagnosis of laryngomalacia in infants
Authors: Friedman Shirley , Sadot Efraim , Gut Guy , Armoni Domany Keren , Sivan Yakov
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Laryngomalacia is the most prevalent cause of congenital stridor. Flexible laryngobronchoscopy (FLB) is the gold standard for diagnosis. However, FLB requires venous access, deep sedation or general anesthesia, and is associated with patient's and parental discomfort and a considerable cost. Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to provide good evaluation of the normal anatomy and the dynamic motion of laryngeal structures. We investigated the yield of LUS in the diagnosis of laryngomalacia in infants with congenital stridor compared to FLB.

Methods

A prospective blind study of consecutive infants referred for FLB due to congenital stridor with unknown cause. The presence of arytenoids adduction on LUS during inspiration was used to diagnose laryngomalacia. LUS was followed by FLB under anesthesia. The physician performing the FLB was blinded to the LUS results.

Results

Twenty‐four patients participated in the study (54% males). Median (IQR) age and weight were 3.5 (1‐7.7) months and 5.1 (4‐8.4) kg, respectively. LUS was well tolerated in all infants. Compared to FLB, LUS correctly diagnosed laryngomalacia in 11/14 (78.6%) infants. In 10 infants FLB ruled out laryngomalacia of whom LUS concurred in 9 infants and one was falsely diagnosed with laryngomalacia. LUS had a sensitivity of 78.5% (CI 52‐95%), specificity of 90% (CI 49‐94%), NPV of 75%, and PPV of 92%. ROC analysis demonstrated AUC of 0.84 (P < 0.01, 95%CI: 0.67‐1.0).

Conclusion

We suggest that LUS has a role in screening congenital stridor in otherwise healthy infants when laryngomalacia is highly probable.
Complete Thermoelectric Characterization of PEDOT:PSS Thin Films with a Novel ZT Test Chip Platform
Authors: Linseis Vincent , Hassan Zeinab Mohamed , Reith Heiko , Garcia Javier , Nielsch Kornelius , Baumgart Helmut , Redel Engelbert , Woias Peter
Published: February 2018

For the first time, a complete thermoelectric characterization of PEDOT:PSS thin films is performed with a novel lab‐on‐a‐chip measurement platform, which Is developed for the nearly simultaneous in‐plane ZT characterization. The electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, the thermal conductivity, and consequently the power factor and ZT values as a function of temperature in a single measurement run is experimentally determined. A clear correlation is found between the film thickness of PEDOT:PSS and the thermoelectric properties. While the electrical conductivity increases with decreasing thickness, the thermal conductivity shows a contrary behavior. Both parameters increase monotonically with increasing temperature between 173 and 373 K. The Seebeck coefficient exhibits the same temperature dependency but, in contrast to the previous two parameters, is almost independent of the PEDOT:PSS film thickness. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a ZT chip, with a complete set of thermoelectric test structures, can be successfully used for a full thermoelectric characterization of conductive organic thin films. This translates into a major testing time advantage for the screening and optimization of promising organic materials during the R&D phase, which can serve as potential candidates for future thermoelectric applications and devices.
Safety and Observations from a Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Assess Use of Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells to Improve Symptoms in Children with Autism
Authors: Chez Michael , Lepage Christopher , Parise Carol , Dang-Chu Ashley , Hankins Andrea , Carroll Michael
Published: February 2018

The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the safety and clinical effects of autologous umbilical cord blood (AUCB) infusion in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-nine children 2 to 6 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD participated in this randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants were randomized to receive AUCB or placebo, evaluated at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks, received the opposite infusion, then re-evaluated at the same time points. Evaluations included assessments of safety, Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition, Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition, Clinical Global Impression, Stanford-Binet Fluid Reasoning and Knowledge, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior and Socialization Subscales. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effects of the response variables at the 12- and 24-week time periods under each condition (AUCB, placebo). There were no serious adverse events. There were trends toward improvement, particularly in socialization, but there were no statistically significant differences for any endpoints. The results of this study suggest that autologous umbilical cord infusions are safe for children with ASD. Tightly controlled trials are necessary to further progress the study of AUCB for autism.
Uncovering the Rab5‐Independent Autophagic Trafficking of Influenza A Virus by Quantum‐Dot‐Based Single‐Virus Tracking
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Mei , Liu Shu‐Lin , Chen Gang , Zhang Wei , Sun En‐Ze , Xiao Geng‐Fu , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Pang Dai‐Wen
Published: February 2018

Autophagy is closely related to virus‐induced disease and a comprehensive understanding of the autophagy‐associated infection process of virus will be significant for developing more effective antiviral strategies. However, many critical issues and the underlying mechanism of autophagy in virus entry still need further investigation. Here, this study unveils the involvement of autophagy in influenza A virus entry. The quantum‐dot‐based single‐virus tracking technique assists in real‐time, prolonged, and multicolor visualization of the transport process of individual viruses and provides unambiguous dissection of the autophagic trafficking of viruses. These results reveal that roughly one‐fifth of viruses are ferried into cells for infection by autophagic machineries, while the remaining are not. A comprehensive overview of the endocytic‐ and autophagic‐trafficking process indicates two distinct trafficking pathway of viruses, either dependent on Rab5‐positive endosomes or autophagosomes, with striking similarities. Expressing dominant‐negative mutant of Rab5 suggests that the autophagic trafficking of viruses is independent on Rab5. The present study provides dynamic, precise, and mechanistic insights into the involvement of autophagy in virus entry, which contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between autophagy and virus entry. The quantum‐dot‐based single‐virus tracking is proven to hold promise for autophagy‐related fundamental research.
Comparison of Gait Biomechanics in Patients with and without Knee Osteoarthritis during Different Phases of Gait
Authors: Monil Karia , Milad Masjedi , Lynsey Duffell , Margarita Kotti , Alison McGregor
Published: February 2018

Background

This study aimed to characterise knee adduction angles (KAA) and knee adduction moments (KAM) and compare this with foot centre of pressure (COP) in volunteers with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A total of 108 participants were recruited; 84 had no known pathology, 18 had medial knee OA, and six had lateral knee OA. Linear regression was used to determine correlations between the normalised COP, KAM, and KAA during each phase of gait for all participants.

Results

The first phase of gait demonstrated significant differences between groups for all measures: KAA in all phases, COP in phases one and two, and KAM in phase one only.

Conclusion

The largest mechanical changes are seen in the first phase of gait in osteoarthritic patients. Although COP is an easy to measure tool, it is not as sensitive as KAA and did not demonstrate a significant difference between healthy and medial OA patients.
The role of perceived effectiveness on the acceptability of choice architecture
Authors: BANG H. MIN , SHU SUZANNE B. , WEBER ELKE U.
Published: February 2018

The success of choice architecture, including its adoption in government policy and practice, has prompted questions of whether choice architecture design decisions are sufficiently transparent and publicly acceptable. We examined whether disclosing to decision-makers that a particular choice architecture is in place reduces its effectiveness and whether an understanding of the effectiveness of choice architecture design decisions increases their acceptability. We find that disclosure of the design decision does not reduce its effectiveness and that individuals perceive the effectiveness of specific designs to be higher for others than for themselves. Perceived effectiveness for self increases when individuals have actually experienced the effect of a design decision rather than having it simply described to them. Perceived effectiveness for oneself and others increases the acceptability of the designs. We also find that the intentions of the source matter more than who the source actually is. Important for policy-makers, then, is that disclosure of design decisions does not reduce their effectiveness, and their acceptability depends on their perceived effectiveness and the inferred motivations of the design architect.
Private Law Exceptionalism? Part II: A Basic Difficulty with the Argument from Formal Equality
Authors: Dorfman Avihay
Published: February 2018

Contemporary discussions of private law theory often assume that parties in a private law interaction can relate as equals if, and only if, equality is cast in terms of formal equality (sometimes called transactional equality). I devote these pages to refute this conceptual view, showing that it does not draw correctly the map of the logical space in which conceptions of private law equality are located. Negatively, I argue that the formal conception of equality, most comprehensively defended by certain influential corrective justice theories, does not exhaust this space. Affirmatively, I argue that this space provides room for at least one more conception which I call ‘substantive equality’.
Notes Toward a Postmodern Principle
Authors: Hooper Nicholas
Published: February 2018

The current approach to statutory interpretation in Canada, viz., the ubiquitous “modern principle,” is an empty rhetorical gesture that masks the contingent, subjective nature of language and naturalizes institutionally sanctioned definitions. Since the late-nineties, virtually every relevant decision cites the same passage as methodology, positing the discoverability of objective textual meaning by looking to things like the “ordinary sense” and “intention of Parliament.” This is theoretically incoherent and incompatible with most credible understandings of language and interpretive subjecthood. This paper begins with a critical reading of each directive in the “modern principle” to demonstrate the normative force of its outdated approach. After discussing the legitimizing function of an ostensibly consistent method that elides the difficulties of linguistic meaning, I conclude with a preliminary discussion on the possibility of progress—or the idea of (literally) a postmodern principle of statutory interpretation.
A Kriging-based elliptic extended anisotropic model for the turbulent boundary layer wall pressure spectrum
Authors: Slama Myriam , Leblond Cédric , Sagaut Pierre
Published: February 2018

The present study addresses the computation of the wall pressure spectrum for a turbulent boundary layer flow without pressure gradient, at high Reynolds numbers, using a new model, the Kriging-based elliptic extended anisotropic model (KEEAM). A space–time solution to the Poisson equation for the wall pressure fluctuations is used. Both the turbulence–turbulence and turbulence–mean shear interactions are taken into account. It involves the mean velocity field and space–time velocity correlations which are modelled using Reynolds stresses and velocity correlation coefficients. We propose a new model, referred to as the extended anisotropic model, to evaluate the latter in all regions of the boundary layer. This model is an extension of the simplified anisotropic model of Gavin (PhD thesis, 2002, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA) which was developed for the outer part of the boundary layer. It relies on a new expression for the spatial velocity correlation function and new parameters calibrated using the direct numerical simulation results of Sillero et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2014, 105109). Spatial correlation coefficients are related to space–time coefficients with the elliptic model of He & Zhang (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 73, 2006, 055303). The turbulent quantities necessary for the pressure computation are obtained by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solutions with a Reynolds stress turbulence model. Then, the pressure correlations are evaluated with a self-adaptive sampling strategy based on Kriging in order to reduce the computation time. The frequency and wavenumber–frequency wall pressure spectra obtained with the KEEAM agree well with empirical models developed for turbulent boundary layer flows without pressure gradient.
Convexity in complex networks
Authors: MARC TILEN , ŠUBELJ LOVRO
Published: February 2018

Metric graph properties lie in the heart of the analysis of complex networks, while in this paper we study their convexity through mathematical definition of a convex subgraph. A subgraph is convex if every geodesic path between the nodes of the subgraph lies entirely within the subgraph. According to our perception of convexity, convex network is such in which every connected subset of nodes induces a convex subgraph. We show that convexity is an inherent property of many networks that is not present in a random graph. Most convex are spatial infrastructure networks and social collaboration graphs due to their tree-like or clique-like structure, whereas the food web is the only network studied that is truly non-convex. Core–periphery networks are regionally convex as they can be divided into a non-convex core surrounded by a convex periphery. Random graphs, however, are only locally convex meaning that any connected subgraph of size smaller than the average geodesic distance between the nodes is almost certainly convex. We present different measures of network convexity and discuss its applications in the study of networks.
“Music First”
Authors: Shiltz Dane L. , Lineweaver Tara T. , Brimmer Tim , Cairns Alex C. , Halcomb Danielle S. , Juett Jacqueline , Beer Laura , Hay Donald P. , Plewes John
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Existing research has primarily evaluated music therapy (MT) as a means of reducing the negative affect, behavioral, and/or cognitive symptoms of dementia. Music listening (ML), on the other hand, offers a less-explored, potentially equivalent alternative to MT and may further reduce exposure to potentially harmful psychotropic medications traditionally used to manage negative behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This 5-month prospective, naturalistic, interprofessional, single-center extended care facility study compared usual care (45 residents) and usual care combined with at least thrice weekly personalized ML sessions (47 residents) to determine the influence of ML. Agitation decreased for all participants (p < .001), and the ML residents receiving antipsychotic medications at baseline experienced agitation levels similar to both the usual care group and the ML patients who were not prescribed antipsychotics (p < .05 for medication × ML interaction). No significant changes in psychotropic medication exposure occurred. This experimental study supports ML as an adjunct to pharmacological approaches to treating agitation in older adults with dementia living in long-term care facilities. It also highlights the need for additional research focused on how individualized music programs affect doses and frequencies of antipsychotic medications and their associated risk of death and cerebrovascular events in this population.
Optimism and Well-Being Among Institutionalized Older Adults
Authors: Espirito Santo Helena , Daniel Fernanda
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Institutionalization is often related to the psychologically negative outcomes of old age. Optimism could alleviate suffering, but little is known about its role in institutionalized settings. We sought to explore optimism correlates and to determine whether it predicts emotional well-being variables, after controlling for potential covariates, by assessing 66 institutionalized elderlies. Optimism was low and associated with failure to do physical exercise, urinary incontinence, increased anxiety, depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness, and reduced satisfaction with life and positive affect. Optimism predicted emotional well-being, albeit not over and above some covariates. Given the low optimism levels and the correlates, we suggest that intrapersonal resources could be intervention targets. It is our hope that our findings will inspire research to analyze interventions promoting optimism-beneficial combinations of well-being among institutionalized older adults.
Association of gut microbial communities with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in premenopausal women
Authors: Citronberg Jessica S , Curtis Keith R , White Emily , Newcomb Polly A , Newton Katherine , Atkinson Charlotte , Song Xiaoling , Lampe Johanna W , Hullar Meredith A J
Published: February 2018

The mechanisms by which obesity increases cancer risk are unclear, but some lines of evidence suggest that gut microbial communities (GMC) may contribute to chronic inflammation in obese individuals through raised systemic levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We evaluated associations of the GMC in stool with plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP, a measure of LPS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in 110 premenopausal women in the United States. Diet was assessed using 3-day food records and GMCs were evaluated using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. OTUs were identified at 97% sequence similarity. Taxonomic classification and functional genes were imputed from 16S rRNA genes, and alpha and beta diversity were assessed using the Shannon index and MRPP, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the relation between LBP, specific bacterial genera identified with indicator species analysis, and CRP. Dietary fat intake, particularly saturated fat, and CRP were positively associated with increased LBP. GMC beta diversity, but not alpha diversity, was statistically significantly different between groups using unweighted Unifrac. Several taxa, particularly those in the Clostridia class, were more prevalent in women with low LBP, while Bacteroides were more prevalent in those with high LBP. Genes associated with gram-negative cell wall material synthesis were also associated with LBP and CRP. In contrast, Phascolarctobacterium was associated with lower concentrations of LBP and CRP. We found distinct differences between tertiles of LBP regarding the diversity and composition of the microbiome, as well as differences in functional genes that potentially activate LBP.
Adherence and quality of life in adults and children during 3-years of SLIT treatment with Grazax—a real life study
Authors: Kiotseridis Hampus , Arvidsson Peter , Backer Vibeke , Braendholt Vagn , Tunsäter Alf
Published: February 2018

Respiratory allergic disease represents a global health problem, 30% of the population suffers from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 20% suffer from asthma. Allergy immunotherapy induce immunological tolerance and thereby modify the response to allergens and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) offers the possibility of home administration of allergen therapy, but adherence is more uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the adherence with GRAZAX in adults and children ≥ 5 years during three consecutive years of treatment. This was a non-interventional, prospective, observational, multi-center, open-label study to investigate adherence, quality of life, safety and tolerability of GRAZAX in adult and pediatric patients in a real-life setting. During the 3-years study period estimation of adherence was done regularly. Quality of life as well as symptom score was also assessed. In total, 399 patients (236 adults and 163 children) were included in the study. At baseline, 100% suffered from moderate-severe eyes and nose symptoms, and 31% had asthma in the grass pollen season. Overall, 55% completed a 3-years treatment period, whereas 37% stopped before end of study and 8% were lost to follow up. After 3 years, the adherence rate decreased from 98.2% (first month), 93.7% (first year), 93.2% (second year) and 88.9% (third year) and adverse events were the main reason for pre-term termination. The study suggests a good adherence to treatment in a real life setting among the patients finalizing 3-years SLIT therapy. The treatment was effective both on symptoms and HRQL.
Catalyst-free synthesis of thiazolidines via sequential hydrolysis/rearrangement reactions of 5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones at room temperature
Authors: Zeng Fanxun , Zhang Letian , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong , Xu Xiaoyong
Published: February 2018

Functionalized thiazolidines were obtained via the rearrangement reactions of 5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones at room temperature.
Theoretical study on the gigantic effect of external static electric field application on the nonlinear optical properties of 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl π-radical dimers
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Yamane Masaki , Tonami Takayoshi , Nagami Takanori , Watanabe Kenichiro , Kishi Ryohei , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Nakano Masayoshi
Published: February 2018

The promising potential of π-radical dithiadiazolyl dimers as a novel class of highly-active external-field-driven NLO switches.
A light-responsive multienzyme complex combining cascade enzymes within a peptide-based matrix
Authors: Wang Yutong , Zhang Yifei , Wang Mengfan , Zhao Yanan , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin
Published: February 2018

A light-responsive multienzyme complex was developed by incorporating glucose oxidase and hemin within a peptide-based matrix, in which the catalytic activity of multienzyme complex can be controlled using UV and visible light.
Determination of berberine hydrochloride using a fluorimetric method with silica nanoparticles as a probe
Authors: Liu Qing , Xie Zhihai , Liu Tao , Fan Jin
Published: February 2018

A simple, green and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of berberine hydrochloride (BRH) in aqueous solution.
High performance low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer deposited-yttria stabilized zirconia embedded thin film electrolyte
Authors: Oh Seongkook , Park Joonsuk , Shin Jeong Woo , Yang Byung Chan , Zhang Jiaming , Jang Dong Young , An Jihwan
Published: February 2018

The AAO-supported thin-film SOFC with a sputtered-SDC/ALD–YSZ/sputtered-SDC sandwich electrolyte shows a high maximum power density of 562 mW cm−2 at 450 °C.
Photo-responsive camptothecin-based polymeric prodrug coated silver nanoparticles for drug release behaviour tracking via the nanomaterial surface energy transfer (NSET) effect
Authors: Li Jiao-Yang , Qiu Liang , Xu Xiao-Fei , Pan Cai-Yuan , Hong Chun-Yan , Zhang Wen-Jian
Published: February 2018

A photo-responsive hybrid drug delivery system for drug release behaviour tracking via the nanomaterial surface energy transfer (NSET) effect.
Novel surface imprinted magnetic mesoporous silica as artificial antibodies for efficient discovery and capture of candidate nNOS–PSD-95 uncouplers for stroke treatment
Authors: Huang Jiaojiao , Sun Chenghong , Yao Dandan , Wang Chong-Zhi , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yu , Chen Lina , Yuan Chun-Su
Published: February 2018

Magnetic mesoporous silica imprinted materials as artificial antibodies for the discovery and capture of candidate nNOS–PSD-95 uncouplers for stroke treatment.
Understanding the conformational analysis of gababutin based hybrid peptides
Authors: Konda Maruthi , Jadhav Rohit G. , Maiti Sayan , Mobin Shaikh M. , Kauffmann Brice , Das Apurba K.
Published: February 2018

A new class of gababutin-based tetrapeptide shows a C12/C10hydrogen-bonded hybrid turn.
Synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products
Authors: Montaña Ángel M. , Ponzano Stefano , Sanasi Maria-Filomena , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele
Published: February 2018

Development of a versatile and scalable synthetic method of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products. The evaluation of the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds against leukaemia showed a promising activity.
Preparation and recyclable catalysis performance of functional macroporous polyHIPE immobilized with gold nanoparticles on its surface
Authors: Yuan Weizhong , Chen Xiangnan , Xu Yifan , Yan Chuan , Liu Yang , Lian Weishuai , Zhou Yun , Li Zhihong
Published: February 2018

The macroporous material PHIPE–PGMA–TETA/Au NPs has an open-cell and porous structure, and can effectively catalyze the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Goodbye to the bioassay
Authors: Goodman Jay I.
Published: February 2018

It is time to say goodbye to the standard two-year rodent bioassay. While a few, primarily genotoxic, compounds which are clearly associated with human cancer test positive in the bioassay, there is no science-based, sound foundation for presuming it provides either a valid broad (across different chemicals) capability for discerning potential human carcinogens or a valid starting point for making human risk assessment decisions. The two basic assumptions underlying the bioassay are: (1) rodent carcinogens are human carcinogens; and (2) results obtained at high doses are indicative of results that will occur at lower, environmentally relevant, doses. Both of these assumptions are not correct. Furthermore, a reevaluation of National Toxicology Program bioassay data has revealed that if the dose group size were increased from 50 to 200 rodents per group the number of bioassays deemed to be positive would increase from approximately 50% to very close to 100%. Thus, under the extreme conditions of the bioassay (e.g., high doses, lifetime exposure and, at times, a non-physiological route of administration) virtually all chemicals tested could be made into rodent carcinogens. In recent years there have been a number of proposals to move away from the standard bioassay. In particular, a recently formulated decision tree (Cohen, 2017), which places an emphasis on dose–response relationships and invites the use of MOA information, provides a sound basis for moving on from the bioassay and towards a rational approach to both identify chemicals which appear to have the potential to cause cancer in humans and take dose–response relationships into consideration in order to place the extent, if any, of the risk they might pose into proper perspective.
Indoor dual polarised radio channel characterisation in the 54 and 70 GHz bands
Authors: Raimundo Xavier , Salous Sana , Cheema Adnan
Published: February 2018

In this study, results of wideband dual polarised measurements conducted in indoor environments including office, factory, corridor and computer foyer, using state‐of‐the‐art 2×2 multiple‐input–multiple‐output frequency modulated continuous wave‐based channel sounder, are presented. The measurements were performed in two frequency bands with 6 GHz bandwidth, centred at 54 and 70 GHz, with directional steerable ∼20 dBi (18° beamwidth) horn antennas. Using twists at the transmitter and at the receiver simultaneous co‐polar and cross‐polar measurements were performed to quantify the polarisation effects on channel parameters such as angular spread, delay spread and path loss. The results show that the co‐polarised radio links experienced lower angular spread and delay spread compared with the cross‐polarised links. For co‐polarised links, the estimated synthesised omnidirectional path loss exponent was found to be in the range of 1.5–2 (close‐in model) and 0.9–1.9 (log‐distance model) in the respective environments. In individual scenarios, the median cross‐polarisation ratio was found to be within 11.7–14.4 and 7.5–17.6 dB at 54 and 70 GHz, respectively.
Analysis of ITU‐R VHF/UHF propagation prediction methods performance on irregular terrains covered by forest
Authors: Costa Felipe Macedo da , Ramirez Luis Alberto Rabanal , Dias Maurício Henrique Costa
Published: February 2018

In the scope of very high‐frequency (VHF) and ultra high‐frequency (UHF) terrestrial communication or broadcasting systems planning, the use of point‐to‐area propagation prediction methods is expected. The benchmarking of such models on different scenarios is very helpful to assist the system planner in choosing those most suited to the site in hands. In this sense, this study provides a comparative performance analysis of the International Telecommunication Union radio communication sector (ITU‐R) recommendations P.526, P.1546, and P.1812 and a few other models on a site marked by the presence of irregular terrain covered by forest. A set of measurements at 563 MHz at different spots in Rio de Janeiro city with such features was taken as reference. The best prediction performance was achieved by the P.526 and P.1812 methods, in addition to a wedge diffraction model, with path loss mean errors between −5 and 3 dB, and standard deviations between 8.7 and 9.2 dB. Such results were observed when the presence of the forest layer was incorporated adding a representative clutter height.
Biocompatibility and bioactivity behaviour of coelectrospun silk fibroin‐hydroxyapatite nanofibres using formic acid
Authors: Zadegan Sara , Vahidi Bahman , Nourmohammadi Jhamak , Haghighipour Nooshin
Published: February 2018

Appending hydroxyapatite (HAp) to non‐osteogenic silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds is an undeniable fact about the bone tissue engineering. The present research aimed to fabricate the uniform coelectrospun SF‐HAp composites with 1, 3 and 5 wt% of nano‐particles using acid solution to access fibres with favourable mechanical strength simultaneous with the enhanced bone cell compatibility. SEM images displayed that the average diameter of nanofibres increased from 90 ± 12 in SF nanofibres to 227 ± 13 in SF‐5%HAp. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus and breaking strain were equal to 63.4 ± 1.08 MPa and 2.57 ± 0.04, respectively, for SF‐3% HAp which was significantly higher than the SF fibres. Bioactivity property was evaluated after immersion in simulated body fluid by the SEM/EDS analysis. The results, which were confirmed by XRD and FTIR, asserted calcium phosphate deposition after 7 days rather than the SF mats. Finally, the MTT assay, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and cell adhesion approved that the SF‐HAp nano‐composite could raise the cell viability and significantly enhance osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation process by increasing osteoblast cell migration and adhesion to the surface of nanofibres. In brief, it can be concluded that the SF‐HAp nanofibres can be considered as the superlative candidates for application in the bone tissue engineering.
Analysis and comparison of methods for the preparation of domestic hot water from district heating system, selected renewable and non-renewable sources in low-energy buildings
Authors: Knapik Maciej
Published: February 2018

The article presents an economic analysis and comparison of selected (district heating, natural gas, heat pump with renewable energy sources) methods for the preparation of domestic hot water in a building with low energy demand. In buildings of this type increased demand of energy for domestic hot water preparation in relation to the total energy demand can be observed. As a result, the proposed solutions allow to further lower energy demand by using the renewable energy sources. This article presents the results of numerical analysis and calculations performed mainly in MATLAB software, based on typical meteorological years. The results showed that system with heat pump and renewable energy sources Is comparable with district heating system.
Fuzzy integer-valued data envelopment analysis
Authors: Kordrostami Sohrab , Amirteimoori Alireza , Noveiri Monireh Jahani Sayyad
Published: February 2018

In conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) is evaluated while data are precise and continuous. Nevertheless, there are occasions in the real world that the performance of DMUs must be calculated in the presence of vague and integer-valued measures. Therefore, the current paper proposes fuzzy integer-valued data envelopment analysis (FIDEA) models to determine the efficiency of DMUs when fuzzy and integer-valued inputs and/or outputs might exist. To illustrate, fuzzy number ranking and graded mean integration representation methods are used to solve some integer-valued data envelopment analysis models in the presence of fuzzy inputs and outputs. Two examples are utilized to illustrate and clarify the proposed approaches. In the provided examples, two cases are discussed. In the first case, all data are as fuzzy and integer-valued measures while in the second case a subset of data is fuzzy and integer-valued. The results of the proposed models indicate that the efficiency scores are calculated correctly and the projections of fuzzy and integer factors are determined as integer values, while this issue has not been discussed in fuzzy DEA, and projections may be estimated as real-valued data.
Gesundheitskongress des Westens: „Eine wirklich spannende Story!“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: February 2018

Claudia Küng ist die neue Chefin des Gesundheitskongresses des Westens. Im Interview spricht sie über das Zusammenwachsen der Sektoren, die Mammutaufgabe der Digitalisierung und die Vorreiterrolle Nordrhein-Westfalens.
Uniklinik Essen: Auf dem Weg zum intelligenten Krankenhaus
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2018

Bis 2020 will sich die Uniklinik Essen zum digitalen „Smart Hospital“ wandeln, das auf künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und Robotik setzt. Klinikchef Prof. Dr. Jochen Werner schildert im Interview, was er sich davon verspricht, wie Ärzte darauf reagieren – und wie Patienten davon profitieren werden.
Manager des Jahres 2017: Dr. Andrea Grebe: Konsequent bis ins Detail
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: February 2018

Heute klingt das absurd: Für ihren ersten Job musste Dr. Andrea Grebe hunderte von Bewerbungen schreiben. Damals war die frisch gebackene Medizinerin auf der Suche nach einer Assistenzstelle. Es war die Zeit der Ärzteschwemme Ende der 80er Jahre. 30 Jahre später blickt die Vivantes-Chefin auf eine Bilderbuchkarriere zurück.
Rückt die Menschen in den Fokus!: Change ja – Management nein
Authors: Oldhafer Martina
Published: February 2018

Das ist für jemanden, der die Leitung des Change Managements inne hat, eine provokante Aussage. Durch ihre Erklärungsbedürftigkeit bringt sie aber Mitarbeiter und Führungskräfte in den Austausch. Und das ist wesentlich wertvoller als „Management nach Lehrbuch“.
Bildgebende Verfahren: „Zwingende Voraussetzung für die Durchführung von minimal-invasiven Eingriffen“
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: February 2018

Dr. Daniel Fallscheer, Senior Business Manager und Leiter von Medtronic Integrated Health Solutions (IHS) in Deutschland über bildgebende Verfahren, die Senkung der Kosten im klinischen Ablauf und die unterschiedliche Ausgestaltung von Systempartnerschaften.
Viel Zündstoff: Krankenhaustechnik braucht eine Stimme
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: February 2018

Die chronische Geldknappheit bei einer gleichzeitig kaum mehr beherrschbaren Überreglementierung des Tätigkeitsbereichs verlangt der Krankenhaustechnik Kreativität ab und neue Handlungsstrategien. Dazu kommt der Trend, Verantwortung an die Akteure an der Front abzuwälzen. Verbandsarbeit erhält vor dieser mit immer neuen Risiken gespickten Kulisse eine neue Tragweite.
Successful Salvage of an Extracardiac Fontan in the Setting of Purulent Mediastinitis using Antibiotic-Impregnated Beads
Authors: Wallis Gonzalo , Kirshbom Paul , Maxey Thomas , Coghill Matthew
Published: February 2018

Post-cardiotomy mediastinitis is an especially serious complication after the implantation of prosthetic vascular grafts. Standard of care is irrigation, debridement, and removal of all prosthetic material present in the surgical field. The use of antibiotic impregnated beads at the site of infection has been reported in the salvage of vascular grafts in the adult population. We present the case of a 3-year-old child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who developed mediastinitis following the Fontan operation. In a nontraditional approach, the Fontan conduit, which was surrounded by gross purulence, was successfully salvaged with the adjunctive use of vancomycin-impregnated beads.
A Transpatellar Approach to Treat Distal Femoral Type C3 Fractures Combined with Patellar Fractures
Authors: Lee Seung , Sim Jae , Han Do , Kim Min
Published: February 2018

We report our surgical method used to treat type C distal femur fractures accompanied by patella fractures whereby we approach the articular surface of the femur through the already-fractured patella. We treated 10 patients with type C3 distal femur and patella fractures between May 2013 and April 2015. Because the patella was fractured in all cases, we could approach the articular surface of the distal femur through the transverse gap between the retracted patellar fracture fragments, “transpatellar approach.” Any surgical complications were recorded. Knee function was evaluated using the Böstman system. The average age of the 10 patients (8 males) was 42.9 years (range, 22.0–58.0 years). All distal femur fractures were type C3, combined with patella fractures. Bony union of the distal femur and patella was achieved in all but one patient, who required an additional bone graft (without any change in the implant). Overall, three patients (30%) reported excellent results and seven (70%) reported good results, based on the Böstman system. A midline anterior approach through a patella fracture adequately exposes the entire joint surface of the distal femur, except the posterior surface. This approach is useful when treating a type C distal femur fracture accompanied by a patella fracture. The level of evidence is IV.
Diät, Mikrobiom und Multiple Sklerose
Authors: Haghikia Aiden , Linker Ralf
Published: February 2018

Die Ursachenforschung auf dem Gebiet der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) hat dank neuer molekularbiologischer Techniken und großer Konsortien in den letzten Jahren vor allem hinsichtlich des genetischen Risikos immense Fortschritte erlebt. Allerdings bleibt die funktionelle Relevanz krankheitsassoziierter Risiko-Genvarianten unklar und spielt mit ca. einem Drittel des Gesamtrisikos die Genetik gegenüber den Umwelt-Risikofaktoren eher eine untergeordnete Rolle. Somit ist die weitere Identifikation und ggf. Prävention von Umwelt-Risiken aktuell im Fokus der Forschung. Hier haben sich jüngst vor allem Risikofaktoren für die MS gezeigt, die eng mit Lifestyle und Ernährung in Zusammenhang stehen, wie die sog. westliche Diät und Lebensstil, u. a. mit hohem Kochsalzkonsum und Zigarettenrauch. Darüber hinaus rückt der menschliche Darm immer weiter in den Fokus der Forschung: Mit seiner großen Oberfläche bietet der Darm immense Interaktionsmöglichkeiten zwischen den im Darm ansässigen Bakterien, der Nahrung und ihren Stoffwechselprodukten sowie dem Darm assoziierten Immunsystem.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit fassen wir bisherige Erkenntnisse aus dem stetig wachsenden Forschungsgebiet zusammen, das sich mit dem Darm, der Ernährung und der MS befasst und diskutieren, wie diese Erkenntnisse, wie zuletzt für Fettsäuren von uns gezeigt, translational-therapeutisches Potenzial haben könnten.