bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demokratur in Brasilien. Versuch einer Lehre vom Systemzusammenbruch
Authors: Vandenberghe Frédéric
Published: December 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird eine systemische Analyse des Zusammenbruchs Brasiliens unter Bolsonaro präsentiert, indem Habermasʼ Analyse der Legitimationskrise auf die Post-Kolonie übertragen wird. Es wird die zeitliche Entwicklung multipler Krisen (ökonomisch, politisch, institutionell, militärisch, ökologisch, sicherheits- und gesundheitsbezogen) dargestellt und gezeigt, wie sich die Lebenswelt sukzessive in eine Welt voller Gewalt und Tod verwandelt hat.
"sappho gibt es nicht"
Authors: Heinsch Cornelia
Published: December 2020

Sappho from Lesbos, born in the seventh century BC, was the first canonical female voice in Europe. From antiquity on she was appreciated in art/ artistically received, even if – or perhaps precisely because – her biography lies in the dark and most of her poetry is lost. To this day, the fascination that emanates from the enigmatic poetess and her shattered homoerotic verses about longing, beauty and farewell has not diminished – on the contrary: This book/volume demonstrates that in the German-language poetry of the 20th and 21st centuries Sappho is more present than ever before. Single exemplary analyses that stick close to the text show the fruitful interplay between archaic and modern poetry. At the same time, the timeless modernity of Sappho’s poetry is explained from a literary perspective.
Die Wüsten der Griechen
Authors: Glückhardt Thorsten
Published: December 2020

The Greeks had been present in the arid zones of the southern and eastern Mediterranean since the beginnings of the archaic age. The environment of the desert produced vastly different experiences from those in their spaces of origin and their descriptions were for a long time viewed as mere mythic fragments or fantasies. By employing interdisciplinary methods however, it is possible to identify the various layers of the construction of environmental spaces and to make visible how their spatial production proceeded. Deserts offer a unique opportunity to understand the discovery and the implementation of an environment into an existing system of meaning within Greek culture and thereby to better understand the patterns involved in constructing the categories of “nature” and “space” in general.
Strabone e il teatro
Authors: Bianchi Francesco Paolo
Published: December 2020

This volume focuses on quotations from dramatic works, both tragedies and comedies, in Strabo’s ‘Geography’. It presents a comprehensive catalogue of these citations and an analysis of their features and possible related textual and content-based issues; it explores Strabo’s role in the indirect transmission of ancient texts alongside the possible sources on which he draws, be these ancient editions of the plays or florilegia. Lastly, the study assesses the use of dramatic quotations in the specific contexts in which they occur, thus casting more light on the function of each quotation and Strabo’s literary art.
Learning from Errors
Authors: Xantus Gabor , Zavori Laszlo
Published: December 2020

The authors of this chapter have worked in emergency care in 5 countries on 4 continents in the past 9 years. In their experience, acute care anywhere in the world shares two main features; strong teamwork and tremendous mental, physical, and psychological stress. The significant workload, both on individual and team levels, render the care system vulnerable to human errors, which can unfortunately be detrimental to patients and staff alike. Due to the commonalities it is not surprising that health care professionals tend to make similar mistakes irrespective of economic, cultural, religious aspect or healthcare settings. We opine that mistakes are not necessarily and exclusively bad things, but invaluable opportunities for improvement. In this chapter, the authors aim to introduce the concept of learning from errors to the readers. Numerous studies and books have already been published on the subject, so anyone could rightfully ask, why read another study? The answer is straightforward, unlike other articles, this chapter invites the reader to work together with the authors through a real-world case. The text will guide the reader through the topic painlessly in a step-by-step fashion offering plenty of opportunity to practice and reflect on the newly acquired knowledge. Global healthcare is facing significant changes these days. Learning from errors may be the initial step to help move away from the blame and shame culture and build a new system which should be based on solid partnership and respect between patients and carers. Such a new, supportive and compassionate system could provide higher quality care and at the same time, protect practitioners from burnout and stress ensuring that healthcare jobs are not only work but a life-long fulfilling career.
Perspective about Medicine Problems via Mathematical Game Theory: An Overview
Authors: Bruzzone Agostino , Pusillo Lucia
Published: December 2020

This chapter provides an overview of Game Theory with applications to medicine problems, including evolution of tumor cells and their competition, applications to neocortical epilepsy surgery and schizophrenic brain. Recent studies related to microarray games for cancer problems will be considered. These models may be used for applications to neurological and allergic diseases. At the end, the model of kidney exchange via the Matching Theory proposed by Alvin Roth, Nobel prize 2012, will be discussed.
The Six Steps LBT and Antidotes for Aurora’s Anxiety
Authors: Manassero Angelo Mario ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper shows how LBT can be useful in treating problems that emerged during a short session of philosophical practice with a client.
Philosophical Counseling and the Network Theory of Well-Being, Revamped
Authors: Lang Martha ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

The central goal of this article is to make the case that the revamped version of Michael Bishop’s Network Theory of Well-being, described in his 2015 book The Good Life: Unifying the Philosophy and Psychology of Well-Being, provides a worthwhile framework for philosophical counseling endeavors, including Logic-Based Therapy. In 2017, The Network Theory of Well-Being, Revamped emerged as a response to Bishop’s theory of well-being; the revamped version was also my dissertation, which I successfully defended and published that year. By appealing to a set of counter-examples, I argue that Bishop’s theory is missing an essential component; his positive causal network model of well-being allows for sever­al problematic cases which, upon investigation, demonstrate positive causal networks but cannot reasonably be considered examples of well-being. In revamping Network Theory, I argue that three additional criteria are required for well-being: authenticity, a bit of moral­ity, and some objective information. Altogether, these three criteria comprise what I call holistic authenticity. As such, the emergent theory of well-being declares that well-being is a matter of instantiating a holistically authentic positive causal network. This theory of well-being is the most reasonable notion of well-being for philosophical counseling because it is based on Network Theory’s inclusive method, which requires that the philosophy of well-being join forces with the science of well-being.
The Case of Mr. H: Applying Buddhism in LBT
Authors: Tang Winson Y.H. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I discuss how the six-steps procedure of LBT can be applied to the case of Mr. H., who believes that it is reasonable for him to feel hopeless for his future. During the practicum session, we explore his emotional reasoning, identify and refute cardinal fallacies in the premises, and identify guiding virtues according to the fallacies. Further, according to Mr. H’s preference, we explore and apply the uplifting philosophy associated with the ideas of Buddhism. I conclude the paper with reflections on how both Mr. H and myself learnt from this valuable experience.
Political Polarization and the Churches
Authors: McDaniel Charles A. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Critics decry what they see as an odd association in the 2016 election of Donald Trump and evangelical Christians who emerged as his most reliable base of support. Yet President Trump’s popularity among evangelicals is not as remarkable as it may seem given the often-paradoxical relationship between religion and politics in the United States. Alexis de Tocqueville’s warnings about the vulnerability of American Protestantism’s prophetic voice to individualism and materialism may help to explain Trump’s status as a “religious” president. Polls suggest that security concerns have eclipsed moral issues in importance for many American Christian voters. Such a transformation, Tocqueville believed, would undermine the nation’s moral foundations. This concern led Tocqueville to admire the American principle of church-state separation and voice support for something akin to the “Protestant Principle,” which promotes maintenance of prophetic distance between religion and politics to morally ground democracy.
The Constitution of 1787, Based on Reason and Revelation
Authors: Moseley James D. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

The framers of the U.S. Constitution of 1787 understood that its principles are those of the Declaration of Independence, based upon reason and revelation, “the laws of nature and nature’s God.” Yet, following so-called progressivism at the turn of the twentieth century, the principles of the American founding were questioned by historicism and moral relativism in the social sciences and humanities, with the most egregious effects today in constitutional law. This has been called “the crisis of the West.” Some perceive that the United States lacks a strong moral foundation, and call for redrawing the Constitution. However, before doing so, we may want to better understand its founding principles. We need to turn to the principles of the Declaration of Independence, as found in reason and revelation, which support the moral order of the Constitution. John Quincy Adams and Abraham Lincoln referred to passages from the Bible to illustrate the preeminent position of the Declaration to the Constitution. And they, like the founders, believed the Constitution’s principles must be adhered to for the nation to survive.
Towards a comprehensive framework of mediation success: EU mediation in the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue
Authors: Plänitz Erik
Published: December 2020

The European Union has gained increasing importance in international mediation over the last decade. Driven by the powerful role assigned to the High Representative and the European External Action Service by the Lisbon treaty, the EU has been facilitating high-level talks between Belgrade and Pristina over their relationship since 2011. Although the signing of the Brussels Agreement in 2013 was a breakthrough, developments in north Kosovo suggest that the process might have significant shortcomings. This paper's guiding research question of how to assess mediation success addresses the existing gap between external and internal perspectives. It introduces a comprehensive analytical framework to assess mediation success that combines several previously suggested ideas into a single framework. The question of how to measure successful mediation contributes not only to theory development but targets the interface between science and policymaking. The framework, as applied to the EU mediation efforts in the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue, has unveiled the in conclusive character of the process. Whilst being a success for the European Union, this paper argues a deficit in local legitimacy exists. Increasing levels of internal violence in Kosovo hint that it failed to fully address the root causes of the dispute.
Small states in world politics: State of the art
Authors: Radoman Jelena
Published: December 2020

In the literature review to follow I will first provide an overview of the major efforts in small states studies, concerning most importantly the definition of 'smallness' as the area in which an agreement is yet to be reached. This will be followed by an overview of the scholarly discussions on smallness and power and strategies that small states employ to mitigate their material limitations, which have led scholars to question the concept of power. This raised the following question: are small states permanently locked into a power hierarchy which they cannot escape, or do they have a possibility to overcome their material limitations by shaping and re-shaping relations in which they are found? Constructivists moved the debate away from structural variables and limitations that these states are faced with, and brought into the picture the small states' possibilities and different roles they might employ, thus bypassing the limitations emerging from the 'small vs. big powers' dichotomy. Theories of alliances, however, continue to picture the choices that are presented to small states as only two: to seek protection of bigger states or risk standing alone. Least work has been done on where and how smallness matters and where opportunities for small states lie. Future work should reflect if, when, and how 'smallness' is a factor in these states' foreign policies and their alignment politics.
Political Activity Indicators in Public Opinion Surveys
Authors: Gaidys Vladas
Published: December 2020

Indicators of regular public opinion surveys are analysed in the aspect of political activity. The main attention of analysis was focused on the indicators of voting preferences ‘will not vote’, ‘don’t know’ and ‘no answer’, also on frequencies of mentioning popular politicians in an open question, neutral answers to questions about trust in President and Seimas. The empirical basis of the paper is surveys conducted in 1989–2020 and the joined file of eleven surveys in 2019. The analysis of the data shows the difference in the answers ‘don’t know who to vote for’ before and after the elections: after the elections a considerably bigger part of respondents have their opinion on voting preferences. In an open question ‘Which politicians, in your opinion, best represent your interests?’, the highest result was fixed in 1989–1990, in the time of the highest political activity in society, and the lowest was fixed in the 20s. The neutral evaluations of President are in a close connection with positive attitudes to this institution and the neutral evaluations of Seimas are in a close relation with negative attitudes to this institution.
Energoefektivitātes un iekštelpu gaisa kvalitātes dilemma izglītības iestāžu ēkās
Authors:   , Asere Līva
Published: December 2020

Vislielākais enerģijas patērētājs Eiropā ir, kas izmanto aptuveni 40 % no kopējā enerģijas patēriņa un rada aptuveni 36 % no kopējām CO2 emisijām [1], [2]. Enerģijas patēriņa tendences pasaulē liecina par pieaugumu, ko izraisa iedzīvotāju prasības pēc paaugstināta komforta, plašāks elektroiekārtu lietojums un citi iemesli. Pieaugot enerģijas patēriņam, tiek veicinātas klimata pārmaiņas. Ir vairākas jomas, kur būtu iespējams izmantot enerģiju efektīvāk, samazināt patēriņu un tā rezultātā samazināt siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas. Lai Eiropas Savienība 2050. gadā sasniegtu oglekļa neitralitāti, ir definēti ambiciozi mērķi – par 41 % uzlabot energoefektivitāti, izmantot 100 % atjaunīgo energoresursu un samazināt siltumnīcefektu gāzu emisijas par 80 % līdz 100 % [1], [3], [4]. Energoefektīvas ēkas palīdz samazināt siltumenerģijas patēriņu. Valstij un pašvaldībām ir jārāda priekšzīme, uzlabojot sev piederošo ēku energoefektivitāti, lai arī citās ēkās notiktu pārmaiņas. Turklāt energoefektivitātes pasākumu ieviešana publiskajam sektoram piederošajās ēkās veicina nacionālo klimata politikas mērķu sasniegšanu. Taču energoefektivitātes paaugstināšanas rezultātā ēkas kļūst hermētiskākas un dabīgās ventilācijas sistēmas jāaizstāj ar mehānisko ventilāciju. Taču tas, savukārt, rada papildu izdevumus par enerģijas patēriņu. Lai nepieļautu izmaksu pieaugumu, ēku apsaimniekotāji ventilācijas sistēmas nedarbina vai darbina neapmierinoši, radot nelabvēlīgu iekštelpu gaisa kvalitāti. Tādējādi veidojot energoefektivitātes un iekštelpu gaisa kvalitātes dilemmu, kuras ietekmē samazinās ēku iemītnieku veiktspēja. Šī dilemma samazina skolēnu veiktspēju izglītības iestāžu ēkās, samazinot viņu iespējas iegūt labu izglītību un turpmākajā dzīvē veikt darbu ar augstāku pievienoto vērtību, kas, savukārt, samazina valsts iekšzemes kopproduktu. Darba mērķis ir veikt energoefektivitātes un iekštelpu gaisa kvalitātes dilemmas novērtējumu izglītības iestāžu ēkās, tās ietekmes analīzi uz nacionālo labklājību un piedāvāt risinājumus dilemmas novēršanai. Promocijas darbs ir izstrādāts kā sešu savstarpēji saistītu starptautisku zinātnisku publikāciju kopa. Promocijas darbs sastāv no ievada un trim nodaļām. Darbā izvirzītas četras hipotēzes, kas pētītas ar dažādām zinātniskās izpētes metodēm, tajā skaitā sistēmdinamikas modelēšanu, veikti mērījumi reālos objektos un izmaksu un ieguvumu analīze. Darbs sākas ar ievadu, kam seko literatūras apskats par pētāmajām tēmām. Otrajā nodaļā ir izklāstīta izpētes metodika. Trešajā nodaļā ir aprakstīti izpētes laikā iegūtie rezultāti, un promocijas darba noslēgumā apkopoti gūtie secinājumi atbilstoši izvirzītajām hipotēzēm.
THE IMAGING THEORY OF TWO-PHOTON AND MULTI-PHOTON CONFOCAL SCANNING MICROSCOPY
Authors: TANG ZHI-LIE  , LIANG RUI-SHENG  , CHANG HONG-SEN  ,   华南师范大学物理系，广州  510631
Published: December 2020

The Imaging theory of two-photon and multi-photon confocal scanning microscopy is presented. The three-dimensional point spread function and three-dimensional optical transfer function of two-photon confocal scanning microscopy is derived. By using the three-dimensional point spread function and three-dimensional optical transfer function theory, we have proved that the horizontal and vertical resolutions of two-photon confocal scanning microscopy are higher than those of the single photon confocal scanning microscopy, and the space resolution of multi-photon confocal scanning microscopy is higher than that of two-photon confocal scanning microscopy.
A STUDY ON THE THIRD-ORDER NONLINEARITIES OF NEW RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES BY Z-SCAN TECHNIQUE
Authors: XIAO WAN-NENG  , LI RUN-HUA  , ZENG XUE-RAN  , ZHOU DA-JUN  , ZHOU JIAN-YING  , CHAO HUI  , YE BAO-HUI  , JI LIANG-NIAN  ,   (1)中山大学超快速激光光谱学国家重点实验室，广州  510275; (2)中山大学化学与化学工程学院，广州  510275
Published: December 2020

The cubic nonlinear refraction index n2 and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of several new ruthenium complexes at 460nm are measured by Z-scan technique and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of the samples are calculated.The effects of molecular structures on the third-order nonlinear optical properties are discussed.
ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AFFECTED BY SURFACE POTENTIAL IN QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURE
Authors: GAO QI  , ZHANG SHEN-KUN  , JIANG ZUI-MIN  , LU FANG  ,   复旦大学应用表面物理国家重点实验室，上海  200433
Published: December 2020

The activated energy of single quantum well structures obtained by the admittance measurements is varied with different thickness of capping layer and with one sample under different applied bias voltages.The electric potential distribution is the key effect on the energy variation.The correctness of the measured results can be judged by using the admittance measurements under different applied bias voltages
STUDY ON PARAMETER CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN GATE OXIDE TDDB BREAKDOWN
Authors: LIU HONG-XIA  , HAO YUE  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子研究所，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

Breakdown characteristics of the thin gate oxide are measured under constant voltage stresses. Breakdown mechanism of time-dependent dielectric breakdown are studied and effects of the areas of the gate oxide on breakdown characteristics are discussed. Breakdown charge QBD is measured and analyzed, the results show that breakdown charge QBD is not constant, it depends on the areas of the gate oxide and the voltage of the gate. Relative coefficients are fitted and analytical expression of QBD is presented in the paper.
PHOTON ABSORPTION OF CONDUCTION BAND ELECTRONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE DAMAGE PRO CESSES
Authors: JIA TIAN-QING  , CHEN HONG  , WU XIANG  ,   同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海  200092
Published: December 2020

By second-order and third-order perturbation theory, the one-photon and two-phot on absorption rates of conduction band electrons are calculated. The effects of nonlinear absorption and the absorption with electron-hole scattering on the dam age processes are discussed.
GUIDED WAVE IN ULTRA-THIN LAYERED COMPOSITE STRUCTURE WITH WEAK AND SLIP INTERFA CE IN DIFFERENT DEPTH
Authors: ZHANG RUI  , WAN MING-XI  , CAO WEN-WU  ,   (1)Intercollege Materials Research Laboratory,Pennsylvania State University,Univ ersity Park,PA,16802; (2)西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院生物医学工程系，西安  710049
Published: December 2020

In conjunction with the transfer matrix techniques for modeling ultrasonic wave in multilayered composite medium, the spring model for a weak interface and the interface condition of the slip interface, we have the generalized frequency equ ations for low-order mode guided waves in ultra-thin layered composites structur e with a weak or slip interface in different depth, and the effect of the depth of the interface on the dispersion properties of low-order mode ultrasonic Lamb wave are analyzed. The “ultra-thin” here means that the thickness of the plate is only a fraction of the ultrasound wavelength so that the echoes from the fro nt and the back of the surface cannot be separated in the time domain.
INTERNAL FRICTION BEHAVIOUR OF THE SOLID－LIQUID TRANSITION IN THE Pb-Sn ALLOYS
Authors: LIANG YUN-FENG  , SHUI  JIA-PENG  , CHEN GANG  , ZHU ZHEN-GANG  ,   中国科学院固体物理研究所内耗与固体缺陷开放研究实验室，合肥  230031
Published: December 2020

The internal friction of the Pb-Sn alloys was measured during heating process fr om room temperature to high temperature.It is reported that there is a sudden dr op in the internal friction curves of the vibration systems with the presence of solid-liquid transition of the Pb-Sn alloys.The decrement of the internal frict ion varies with the content of tin.It is proposed that these variations are rela ted with the structure variation of the Pb-Sn alloys during solid-liquid transit ion.
RAPID ROUGHENING OF Mo2C FILM SURFACE
Authors: ZHENG RUI-LUN  , RAN YANG-QIANG  , CHEN HONG  , PING RONG-GANG  ,   (1)西南师范大学物理系，重庆  400715; (2)中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京  100039
Published: December 2020

The roughness of Mo2C film surface is measured and the results are gi ven.By introduction of crystalline boundary correction,the rapid roughening phen omenon is explained theoretically.
PREPARATION AND LUMINESCENT CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OXIDE PHOSPHOR Gd3G a5O12:Ag
Authors: XU XIU-LAI  , XU ZHENG  , HOU YAN-BING  , SU YAN-MEI  , XU XU-RONG  ,   (1)北方交通大学光电子技术研究所，北京  100044; (2)北方交通大学光电子技术研究所，北京  100044；中国科学院长春物理研究所激发态物理开放研究实验室，长春  130021; (3)北方交通大学光电子技术研究所，北京  100044；中国科学院长春物理研究所激发态物理开放研究实验室，长春  130021；天津理工学院材料物理研究所，天津  300191
Published: December 2020

A composite oxide material Gd3Ga5O12:Ag was pre pared by solid state reaction. The composition and the crystallinity of phosphor were determined by X-ray diffraction. The thin film electroluminescence (EL) de vices based on Gd3Ga5O12:Ag were prepared by el ectron beam evaporation. We have obtained a good UV-blue EL emission with a peak at 397nm and a shoulder at 467nm. The EL peaks located at 397 and 467nm are fou nd to originate from the oxide vacancies and 4d95s0 to 4d10 of Ag+, respectively.
QUANTUM STATISTIC PROPERTIES OF NON-RESONANCE INTERACTION BETWEEN A THREE-LEVEL ATOM AND TWO MODE CAVITIES WITH KERR MEDIUM
Authors: TAO XIANG-YANG  , LIU JIN-MING  , LIU SAN-QIU  , FU CHUAN-HONG  ,   江西师范大学物理系，南昌  330027
Published: December 2020

We have studied the non-resonance interaction between a V-type three-level atom and two-mode cavity with Kerr medium. The results show that if the detunings of the two-mode cavities are equal (δ1＝δ2), when initial strength ξ of the two cavities remains unchanged and photon difference q of the two mode cavities is decreased, the non-classical coherence degree between the two mode cavities is increased; when q remains unchanged and ξ is increased, the non-classical coherence degree between the two mode cavities is decreased. When Δδ=|δ2-δ1|=0 and q and ξ remain unchanged, the non-classical coherence degree is decreased with the increase of Kerr effect, and the value of Δδ has an importance influence on the non-classical coherence degree. The results also show that when δ1=δ2, the second-order coherence degree of the cavity 1 shows g211222222>1. On the other hand, the amplitude evolution of the second-order coherence degree of two-mode cavity is decreased due to the influence of Kerr effect.
INFLUENCE OF KERR EFFECT AND VIRTUAL PHOTON FIELD ON THE PHOTON ANTI-BUNCHING OF INTERACTION BETWEEN FIELD AND ATOM
Authors: TAO XIANG-YANG  , LIU SAN-QIU  , NIE YI-YOU  , FU CHUAN-HONG  ,   江西师范大学物理系，南昌  330027
Published: December 2020

We have studied the interaction between a cascacle three-level atom and the cavity field filled with Kerr medium by C-RWA. The influence of Kerr effect and virtual photon field on the photon anti-bunching is discussed. The results show that the quantum noise appears under C-RWA; the increase of x and ω or the decrease of g leads to the decrease of absorbance of atom and the reduction of photon antibunching;especially,the interaction is influenced obviouslly by g.
STRUCTURES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ISOTROPIC NANOSTRUCTURED Fe-Pt THIN FILMS
Authors: WANG YI-ZHONG  , ZHANG MAO-CAI  , QIAO YI  , WANG JIN  , WANG YIN-JUN  , SHEN BAO-GEN  , HU BO-PING  ,   (1)北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室，北京  100083; (2)中国科学院三环新材料研究开发公司研究部，北京  100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080; (4)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080；中国科学院三环新材料研究开发公司研究部，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Two series of isotropic nanostructured Fe-Pt permenent magnetic thin films have been prepared by sputtering Fe/Pt multilayers and subsequent vacuum annealing. Their structures and magnetic properties have been inverstigated. Studies show that Fe-Pt permenent magnetic thin films with Fe-rich were composed of two phases: a hard FePt phase and a soft Fe3Pt phase. Saturation magnetic polarization and remaenence increase with increasing thickness of the Fe layer. Kelly-Henkel plot indicates that magnetic interactions in Fe-Pt thin films are mainly determined by ferromagnetic exchange interaction between neighboring grains.
INFLUENCE OF NONELASTIC NUCLEAR INTERACTION ON THE PROTON BEAM ENERGY DEPOSITION
Authors: WANG YING-GUAN  , LUO ZHENG-MING  ,   四川大学原子核科学技术研究所辐射物理中心，教育部辐射物理与技术重点实验室，成都  610064
Published: December 2020

A precise and rapid analytical algorithm has been developed for calculating proton energy deposition in media. The results covering the radiotherapy energy range (50—250MeV) from this algorithm and data from Monte Carlo code are given. Comparison between them shows that 1) The Nonelastic nuclear interaction have severe influence on proton energy deposition, especially when the initial energy of proton beams is high. 2) The algorithm is 100 times faster than Monte Carlo methods. It satisfies the requirement of precision and speed. The algorithm shows its great potentiality in proton radiotherapy.
OBTAIN HIGH DIMENSIONAL INTEGRABLE MODELS BY MEANS OF MIURA TYPE NONINVERTIBLE T RANSFORMATION
Authors: LOU SEN-YUE  ,   上海交通大学应用物理系，上海  200030；宁波大学物理系，宁波  315211
Published: December 2020

Searching for high dimensional integrable models (especially in 3+1 dimensions) is one of the most important problems in nonlinear physics.In this paper,we esta blish a method to find some high dimensional integrable models via some noninver tible deformation relations.A noninvertible deformation relation may not only tr ansform an integrable model to a nonintegrable model,but also deform a nonintegrable model to an integrable model.Concretely,starting from a noninver-tible Miur a type transformation relation and the linear wave equation,we obtain a nontrivi al high dimensional Painleve integrable model.
THE PANCHARATNAM PHASE FOR THE JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL WITH TIME-DEPENDENT MODULAT ION
Authors: HOU BANG-PIN  ,   四川师范大学物理系，成都  610066
Published: December 2020

Based on the SU(2) group for the Jaynes-Cummings model with time-dependent modul ation,we obtain its pancharatnam phase and analyse the phase changes during the whole process from adiabatically switching on to switching off of the interactio n of the atom with the field.Finally,we discuss the results in the semiclassical approximation.
THE POLARIZABILITY OF EXCITON AND BIEXCITON IN POLYMER(ANALYTICAL CALCULATION)
Authors: CHEN KE  , ZHAO ER-HAI  , SUN XIN  , FU ROU-LI  ,   (1)复旦大学理论物理中心，上海  200433; (2)复旦大学理论物理中心，上海  200433；中国科学院上海技术物理研究所，红外物理国家实验室，上海  200083; (3)中国科学院上海技术物理研究所，红外物理国家实验室，上海  200083
Published: December 2020

Since the electroluminescence in polymer comes from the transportation and combination of carriers in the electric field,it is essential to study the polarization property of the excitation in polymer.First we obtain the analytic solutions of exciton and biexciton,then their polarizabilities are calculated using the Green function method.An important result is that we analytically proved that the polarizability of the exciton is positive and that of the biexciton is negative.It follows that the polarization will be reversed when the exciton becomes biexciton.
TUNNELING TRANSPORT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPIN-ELECTRONS THROUGH MAGNETIC QUANTUM S TRUCTURES
Authors: GUO YONG  , GU BING-LIN  , YOSHIYUKI KAWAZOE  ,   (1)清华大学物理系,北京  100084; (2)日本东北大学金属材料研究所，仙台980-8577
Published: December 2020

Spin tunneling transport properties of two-dimensional electrons through magnetic quantum structures are investigated at zero bias and finite bias. The resultsi ndicate that spin-dependent features are not only related with the magnetic conf iguration, the incident electron energy and the wave-vector, but also closely re lated with the applied bias. At zero bias, the magnetic quantum structure compos ed of identical magnetic-barrier and magnetic-well does not show spin-filtering properties, while the magnetic quantum structure composed of unidentical magneti c-barrier and magnetic-well shows distinct spin-filtering properties. Moreover, the applied bias greatly changes electron spin polarization, which makes the for mer structure also showing interesting spin-dependent features under an applied bias.
THE IMPACT OF THE LOSS ON THE EVOLUTION OF SCREENING-PHOTOVOLTAIC SPATIAL SOLITONS 
Authors: LIU JIN-SONG  , ZHANG DU-YING  ,   (1)华中科技大学激光技术国家重点实验室,430074 武汉; (2)西安电子科技大学,710071 西安
Published: December 2020

The impact of linear loss on the evolution of screening-photovoltaic (SP) spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals is investigated.Our numerical study indicates that the loss not only results in the decrease of the amplitude of the soliton beam,but also results in the change of the shape of the soliton beam.For the bright SP soliton,the soliton width increases as the propagation distance increases for the SP soliton with low-intensity at the input,whereas the soliton width decreases initially and then increases as the propagation distance increases, and there is a propagation distance in which the soliton width returns to its value at the input for the SP soliton with high-intensity at the input.For the dark SP soliton,the soliton width increases as the propagation distance increases whether the SP soliton has low-or high-intensity at the input.Though the effect of loss on the evolution of SP soliton can be ignored if the propagation distance is short enough,the loss is eventually expected to destroy these solitons at long distance.
DISPLACED HYSTERESIS LOOPS IN ANNEALED Fe-BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
Authors: LI YIN-FENG  , CHEN DU-XING  , SHEN BBAO-GEN  , M.VAZQUEZ  , A.HERNANDO  ,   (1)Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado,UCM-RENFE-CSIC,P.O.BOX155,Las Rozas,28230,Madrid,Spain; (2)河北邢台师范高等专科学校物理系,邢台054054;Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado,UCM-RENFE-CSIC,P.O.BOX155,Las Rozas,28230,Madrid,Spain; (3)中国科学院物理研究所,磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

We report the displaced hysteresis loops in the annealed amorphous alloys Fe65.9Cr11.6Si7.5B15 and Fe60Co5.9Cr11.6Si7.5B15. The effects of measuring field Hm, temperature T and time t on the displacement HD have been studied. On the basis of the magnetostatic interaction between the hard particle resulting from the annealing and the residual amorphous soft matrix, the experiments could be well explained by the unidirectional anisotropy model.
QUENCHING OF THE FLUORESCENCE BACKGROUND IN Cd0.96Zn0.04Te RAMAN SPECTRUM AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: PEI HUI-YUAN  , FANG JIA-XIONG  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所传感技术国家重点实验室,上海200083
Published: December 2020

Variation of fluorescence background in the Raman spectrum was investigated versus laser power, which was measured on Cd0.96Zn0.04Te surface at low temperatures. The fluorescence signals “burning out” were observed, accompanied by a red shift of the material's phonon peaks. It was shown that the “burning out” of the fluorescence signals was correlated to the transformation of the crystal surface structure, which was directly indicated by the red shift of the phonons. The exciting laser should be responsible for the structure transformation.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si HETEROSTRUCTURE 
Authors: WANG HUA  , YU JUN  , DONG XIAO-MIN  , WANG YUN-BO  , ZHOU WEN-LI  , ZHAO JIAN-HONG  , ZHOU DONG-XIANG  ,   (1)华中科技大学电子科学与技术系,武汉430074; (2)华中科技大学电子科学与技术系,武汉430074;桂林电子工业学院电子信息分院,桂林541004
Published: December 2020

The Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si heterostructure was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of introducing a BIT buffer layer between the PZT films and Si substrate on the crystallinity, the ferroelectric characteristics and the electrical characteristics of the ferroelectric film system, as well as the conductivity behavior of the Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si heterostructure were investigated. The PZT films deposited on p-Si with a BIT buffer layer were found to grow with a preferred orientation along(110) direction. In the case of identical thickness(400?nm) of ferroelectric layer, the PZT/BIT multilayer ferroelectric thin films showed a better ferroelectric property than PZT thin films. The clockwise rotational C-V hysteresis loop of the Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si heterostructure indicated that the PZT/BIT ferroelectric thin films had controlled the Si surface potential and showed a characteristic of polarization-type switching. The current-voltage (I-V) curves showed that the heterostructure was conductive only in the one voltage direction and the leakage currents are too low to identify in the opposite direction. The conduction in low voltage region displays an ohmic behavior and the current transportation in ferroelectric thin films at the high voltage region is ascribed to the space-charge limited current. The remnant polarization of the PZT/BIT films system remained tobe 90% of the initial value after 109 bipolar switching cycles.
四方铁电体PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3精细结构的第一性原理研究
Authors: Wang Yuan-Xu  , Zhong Wei-Lie  , Wang Chun-Lei  , Zhang Pei-Lin  ,   山东大学物理系,济南250100
Published: December 2020

ＩｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｏｂｔａｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｅｔｒａｇｏｎａｌｆｅｒｒｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃPbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 ,ｗｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄｉｔｓｔｏｔａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙｂｙｆｕｌｌ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｉｎｅａｒｉｚｅｄａｕｇｍｅｎｔｅｄｐｌａｎｅｗａｖｅｍｅｔｈｏｄ .ＴｈｅｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＢ ｓｉｔｅｃａｔｉｏｎｓ(ＦｅａｎｄＮｂ)ｗａｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄ .ＴｈｅｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｅｉｏｎｓａｌｏｎｇ [0 0 1 ]ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｓ0 .0 2 2ｎｍａｎｄｔｈａｔｏｆＮｂｉｏｎｓｉｓ0 .0020ｎｍ .Ｔｈｅｆｅｒｒｏｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｉｃｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｍａｉｎｌｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｅｉｏｎｓ.
H3+团簇离子与固体相互作用
Authors: Yang Bai-Fang  , Miao Jing-Wei  , Yang Chao-Wen  , Shi Mian-Gong  , Tang A-You  , Liu Xiao-Dong  ,   四川大学辐射物理及技术教育部重点实验室,四川大学原子核科学技术研究所,成都610064
Published: December 2020

ＴｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｓｏｆＨ~-,Ｈ ,Ｈ_2 ,Ｈ_2~ +ａｎｄＨ_3 ~+ｆｏｒＨ_3~ +ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｓｐａｓｓｉｎｇｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｃａｒｂｏｎｆｏｉｌｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ .ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｈａｒｇｅｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＨ3 +ｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｓｏｌｉｄｓｐｌａｙｓａｋｅｙｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ.ＴｈｅｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄｗａｋｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＨ3 +ｉｏｎｓｉｎｓｏｌｉｄｓａｒｅａｌｓｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｉｎｄｅｔａｉｌ.
ClpAP proteolysis does not require rotation of the ClpA unfoldase relative to ClpP
Authors: Kim Sora , Zuromski Kristin L , Bell Tristan A , Sauer Robert T , Baker Tania A
Published: December 2020

AAA+ proteases perform regulated protein degradation in all kingdoms of life and consist of a hexameric AAA+ unfoldase/translocase in complex with a self-compartmentalized peptidase. Based on asymmetric features of cryo-EM structures and a sequential hand-over-hand model of substrate translocation, recent publications have proposed that the AAA+ unfoldases ClpA and ClpX rotate with respect to their partner peptidase ClpP to allow function. Here, we test this model by covalently crosslinking ClpA to ClpP to prevent rotation. We find that crosslinked ClpAP complexes unfold, translocate, and degrade protein substratesin vitro, albeit modestly slower than uncrosslinked enzyme controls. Rotation of ClpA with respect to ClpP is therefore not required for ClpAP protease activity, although some flexibility in how the AAA+ ring docks with ClpP may be necessary for optimal function.
Time-to-event modeling of hypertension reveals the nonexistence of true controls
Authors: Shriner Daniel , Bentley Amy R , Zhou Jie , Ekoru Kenneth , Doumatey Ayo P , Chen Guanjie , Adeyemo Adebowale , Rotimi Charles N
Published: December 2020

Given a lifetime risk of ~90% by the ninth decade of life, it is unknown if there are true controls for hypertension in epidemiological and genetic studies. Here, we compared Bayesian logistic and time-to-event approaches to modeling hypertension. The median age at hypertension was approximately a decade earlier in African Americans than in European Americans or Mexican Americans. The probability of being free of hypertension at 85 years of age in African Americans was less than half that in European Americans or Mexican Americans. In all groups, baseline hazard rates increased until nearly 60 years of age and then decreased but did not reach zero. Taken together, modeling of the baseline hazard function of hypertension suggests that there are no true controls and that controls in logistic regression are cases with a late age of onset.
Early and late bilingual processing of Spanish gender, morphology and gender congruency
Authors: Alarcón Irma
Published: December 2020

The present study investigates whether advanced proficiency-matched early and late bilinguals display gender agreement processing quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that of native speakers of Spanish. To address this issue, a timed grammaticality judgment task was used to analyze the effects on accuracy and reaction times of grammatical gender, morphology, and gender congruency of the article and adjective within a noun phrase. Overall results indicated no significant statistical differences between the native speakers and the two bilingual groups. Both early and late bilinguals displayed similar grammatical gender knowledge in their underlying grammars. A detailed examination of the congruency effect, however, revealed that the native speakers, not the bilinguals, displayed sensitivity to gender agreement violations. Moreover, the native and heritage speakers pattern together in accuracy and directionality of gender agreement processing: both were less accurate with incongruent articles than with incongruent adjectives, while the second language learners were equally accurate in both agreement domains. Despite having internalized gender in their implicit grammars, the late bilinguals did not show native-like patterns in real time processing. The present findings suggest that, for high proficiency speakers, there is a distinct advantage for early over late bilinguals in achieving native-like gender lexical access and retrieval. Therefore, age of acquisition, in conjunction with learning context, might be the best predictor of native-like gender agreement processing at advanced and near-native proficiency levels.
The syntax and semantics of degree expressions in Spanish
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: December 2020

This article provides an overview of the syntax and semantics of degree in Spanish, eventually suggesting that degree structure should be viewed as equivalent to aspect in the verbal domain. §1 introduces several of the themes that will be discussed in the article, while §2 introduces the semantics of degree. §3 discusses the basic syntactic properties of degree, particularly with adjectives. §4 introduces the notion of scale, which we will argue should correspond to Aktionsart in the verbal domain. §5 analyses positive degree, and explains how it differs from a scale both in syntax and in semantics. §6-§8 discuss comparative and superlative degrees, first their morphological facts (§6), then the specific properties of comparatives (§7) and finally those of superlatives (§8). The article ends with some conclusions in §9.
Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Zhao Mei , Liu Min , Chen Wei , Zhang Haiping , Bai Yuxing , Ren Wen
Published: December 2020

Background

Orthodontic treatment is widely used to treat malocclusion. However, the influence of treatment on the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary microbial changes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methods

In total, 19 orthodontic patients participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected at the following three timepoints: before (T0) and 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the placement of orthodontic appliances. High-throughput sequencing was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene V4 region.

Results

The phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were predominant. Observed Species, Chao1 and ACE, which represent α diversity, were significantly decreased at T1 and subsequently increased at T2. In addition, the β diversity at T1 based on the Bray-Curtis distances differed from T0 and T2. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus were decreased with treatment, whereas those of Capnocytophaga and Neisseria exhibited the opposite results. In total, 385 of 410 operational taxonomic units were shared at T0, T1 and T2. The co-occurrence networks with hub nodes at T1 were the most complex.

Conclusion

Orthodontic treatment temporarily affected the saliva microbial community. This dynamic alteration in species did not induce deterioration in oral health. Oral hygiene instructions were necessary and should be emphasized during each visit. Further studies with longer observation periods and more participants are required.
The gut microbiota in the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): a report from the Beijing Raptor Rescue Center
Authors: Guan Yu , Wang Hongfang , Gong Yinan , Ge Jianping , Bao Lei
Published: December 2020

As a complex microecological system, the gut microbiota plays crucial roles in many aspects, including immunology, physiology and development. The specific function and mechanism of the gut microbiota in birds are distinct due to their body structure, physiological attributes and life history. Data on the gut microbiota of the common kestrel, a second-class protected animal species in China, are currently scarce. With high-throughput sequencing technology, we characterized the bacterial community of the gut from nine fecal samples from a wounded common kestrel by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Our results showed that Proteobacteria (41.078%), Firmicutes (40.923%) and Actinobacteria (11.191%) were the most predominant phyla. Lactobacillus (20.563%) was the most dominant genus, followed by Escherichia-Shigella (17.588%) and Acinetobacter (5.956%). Our results would offer fundamental data and direction for the wildlife rescue.
The Impact of Intra-organizational Brand on Customer Loyalty and Organizational Performance: Special Reference to Iran Insurance Company in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Parsamand Afsaneh
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the role of intra-organizational brand and its utilization in purchasing portfolios of companies listed in the stock exchange with the approach of customer loyalty and organizational performance. The research method is descriptive-correlational. To this end, the researcher considered all employees of Iran Insurance Company in Tehran, which consisted of 440 people, as a statistical population. Using Cochran's formula, 210 people were determined as the sample size, and a non-random convenience sampling method was employed. In this study, the customer loyalty questionnaire, intra-organizational brand survey questionnaire, and organizational performance questionnaire were exploited. The content validity of the questionnaires was approved, and the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For the data analysis, the Pearson correlation test was used. The results of the test indicated that the relationship between all variables of the research was significant, and the research hypotheses were confirmed. The results of the study demonstrate that as the t value is above 3, and the significance level is less than 0.05, so all research variables are significant.
Performance Evaluation of Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria
Authors: Otunola AbdulAkeem O. , Olanipekun N. O. , Alabi Abdullateef O. , Abdulateef A .T. , Lawal M. K.
Published: December 2020

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is skills and training preparatory program meant to expose students of higher institutions of learning to practical experiences outside their institutions. Quality of the students’ exposure to industrial work experience and unemployment trend of graduates poses a serious threat to institution(s), societies and environment at large. The study examined the performance of Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme in Federal polytechnic Offa, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data were elicited from five years (2014-2018) of National Diploma Students of the seventeen (17) participating departments. Inferential statistics of Two-Way Analysis of Variance and Simple descriptive statistical models were used in the analysis of data. The study revealed the downward trend in the performance of students. The p-values of the mean scores of students in each departments was 0.002 and the mean scores of students on yearly basis of 0.016 were all less than 0.05. The study rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternative hypothesis that there is significant difference between the departmental and yearly SIWES scores of students. The result of the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test revealed that the difference is between all the departments. The study recommended a data pool of relevant training organizations and the development of technology for proper placement of students to improve their skill acquisition and employability.
Atorvastatin Prescribing Pattern at a Public Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Atorvastatin is one of the frequently used Statins. If it is used inappropriately it could lead to several adverse effects, interactions and efficacy will be decreased.

Aim: This study aims to monitor the prescribing pattern of atorvastatin at a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted at a public hospital in Alkharj. The data were extracted from the electronic records of 564 patients who received antihyperlipidemic drugs.

Results: The majority of the prescribing physicians were residents. The majority of the prescriptions were prescribed by the internal medicine department. Antiplatelet agents were the most common classes of cardiovascular drugs that were combined with atorvastatin.

Conclusion: It is important to prescribe atorvastatin appropriately to increase its efficacy and to decrease its adverse drug reactions. There are several strategies to improve atorvastatin use including increase the awareness of the health-care professionals and by implementing checking practice before dispensing the prescriptions.