bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration on Saturated Permeability of Remolded Loess
Authors: Xu Panpan , Zhang Qiying , Qian Hui , Qu Wengang
Published: February 2020

Loess contains many sodium and chloride ions that can easily be leached when seepage occurs, thus affecting the mechanical properties of loess. This study investigated a series of sodium chloride solution concentrations to explore their influence on the permeability of remolded loess, as well as the underlying mechanism of such. The results indicated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of remolded loess increases with time in response to different sodium chloride concentrations, and the sample was more permeable with increasing concentration. Moreover, the salt effect promoted the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, and the cation exchange stimulated the leaching of other cations, thus leading to further structural loosening. Furthermore, the aggregation of clay particles increased, thus forming a larger pore space among aggregates and providing effective channels for permeation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for an improved understanding of channel degradation in the loess area of Northwest China.
Structural and Electrical Comparison of Si and Zr Doped Hafnium Oxide Thin Films and Integrated FeFETs Utilizing Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
Authors: Lederer Maximilian , Kämpfe Thomas , Vogel Norman , Utess Dirk , Volkmann Beate , Ali Tarek , Olivo Ricardo , Müller Johannes , Beyer Sven , Trentzsch Martin , Seidel Konrad , Eng Lukas M.
Published: February 2020

The microstructure of ferroelectric hafnium oxide plays a vital role for its application, e.g., non-volatile memories. In this study, transmission Kikuchi diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy STEM techniques are used to compare the crystallographic phase and orientation of Si and Zr doped HfO2 thin films as well as integrated in a 22 nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET). Both HfO2 films showed a predominately orthorhombic phase in accordance with electrical measurements and X-ray diffraction XRD data. Furthermore, a stronger texture is found for the microstructure of the Si doped HfO2 (HSO) thin film, which is attributed to stress conditions inside the film stack during crystallization. For the HSO thin film fabricated in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) like structure, a different microstructure, with no apparent texture as well as a different fraction of orthorhombic phase is observed. The 22 nm FDSOI FeFET showed an orthorhombic phase for the HSO layer, as well as an out-of-plane texture of the [111]-axis, which is preferable for the application as non-volatile memory.
Hemoglobin A1c Levels Modify Associations between Dietary Acid Load and Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Wu Tianying , Hsu Fang-Chi , Wang Shunran , Luong David , Pierce John P.
Published: February 2020

Background: Metabolic acidosis promotes cancer metastasis. No prospective studies have examined the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors, who are susceptible to metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia promotes cancer progression and acid formation; however, researchers have not examined whether hyperglycemia can modify the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence. Methods: We studied 3081 early-stage breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study who provided dietary information through 24-h recalls at baseline and during follow-up and had measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline. We assessed dietary acid load using two common dietary acid load scores, potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Results: After an average of 7.3 years of follow-up, dietary acid load was positively associated with recurrence when baseline HbA1c levels were ≥ 5.6% (median level) and ≥5.7% (pre-diabetic cut-point). In the stratum with HbA1c ≥ 5.6%, comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of dietary acid load, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.48) for PRAL and was 2.31 (95% CI 1.42-3.74) for NEAP. No associations were observed in the stratum with HbA1c levels were <5.6%. P-values for interactions were 0.01 for PRAL and 0.05 for NEAP. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that even at or above normal to high HbA1c levels, dietary acid load was associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors. Impacts: Our study provides strong evidence for developing specific dietary acid load guidelines based on HbA1c levels.
A New Low-Cost Device Based on Thermal Infrared Sensors for Olive Tree Canopy Temperature Measurement and Water Status Monitoring
Authors: Noguera Miguel , Millán Borja , Pérez-Paredes Juan José , Ponce Juan Manuel , Aquino Arturo , Andújar José Manuel
Published: February 2020

In recent years, many olive orchards, which are a major crop in the Mediterranean basin, have been converted into intensive or super high-density hedgerow systems. This configuration is more efficient in terms of yield per hectare, but at the same time the water requirements are higher than in traditional grove arrangements. Moreover, irrigation regulations have a high environmental (through water use optimization) impact and influence on crop quality and yield. The mapping of (spatio-temporal) variability with conventional water stress assessment methods is impractical due to time and labor constraints, which often involve staff training. To address this problem, this work presents the development of a new low-cost device based on a thermal infrared (IR) sensor for the measurement of olive tree canopy temperature and monitoring of water status. The performance of the developed device was compared to a commercial thermal camera. Furthermore, the proposed device was evaluated in a commercially managed olive orchard, where two different irrigation treatments were established: a full irrigation treatment (FI) and a regulated deficit irrigation (RDC), aimed at covering 100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), respectively. Predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) and stomatal conductance (gs), two widely accepted indicators for crop water status, were regressed to the measured canopy temperature. The results were promising, reaching a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.80. On the other hand, the crop water stress index (CWSI) was also calculated, resulting in a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.79. The outcomes provided by the developed device support its suitability for fast, low-cost, and reliable estimation of an olive orchard’s water status, even suppressing the need for supervised acquisition of reference temperatures. The newly developed device can be used for water management, reducing water usage, and for overall improvements to olive orchard management.
Robust Kalman Filtering Based on Chi-square Increment and Its Application
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Wen , Peng Yu , Dong Danan , Wang Zhiren , Xiao Tingting , Yu Chao , Liu Min
Published: February 2020

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, gross errors seriously limit the validity of Kalman filtering and make the final positioning solutions untrustworthy. Thus, the detection and correction of gross errors have become indispensable parts of Kalman filtering. Starting by defining an incremental Chi-square method of recursive least squares, this paper extends this definition to Kalman filtering to detect gross errors, explains its nature and its relation with the currently adopted Chi-square variables of Kalman filtering in model and data spaces, and compares them with the predictive residual statistics. Two robust Kalman filtering models based on an incremental Chi-square method (CI-RKF) were established, and the one with a better incremental Chi-square component was selected based on a static accuracy evaluation experiment. We applied the selected robust model to the GNSS positioning and the GNSS/inertial measurement unit (IMU) / visual odometry (VO) integrated navigation experiment in an occluded urban area at the East China Normal University. We compared the results for conventional Kalman filtering (CKF) with a robust Kalman filtering constructed using predictive residual statistics and an Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics (IGGШ) weight factor, abbreviated as “PRS-IGG-RKF”. The results show that the overall accuracy of CI-RKF in GNSS positioning was improved by 22.68%, 54.33%, and 72.45% in the static experiment, and 12.30%, 7.50%, and 16.15% in the kinematic experiment. The integrated navigation results indicate that the CI-RKF fusion method increased the system positioning accuracy by 66.73%, 59.59%, and 59.62% in one of the severe occlusion areas, and 42.04%, 59.04%, and 52.41% in the other.
Development of an Image De-Noising Method in Preparation for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission
Authors: Gómez-Navarro Laura , Cosme Emmanuel , Sommer Julien Le , Papadakis Nicolas , Pascual Ananda
Published: February 2020

In the near future, the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will provide images of altimetric data at kilometric resolution. This unprecedented 2-dimensional data structure will allow the estimation of geostrophy-related quantities that are essential for studying the ocean surface dynamics and for data assimilation uses. To estimate these quantities, i.e., to compute spatial derivatives of the Sea Surface Height (SSH) measurements, the uncorrelated, small-scale noise and errors expected to affect the SWOT data must be smoothed out while minimizing the loss of relevant, physical SSH information. This paper introduces a new technique for de-noising the future SWOT SSH images. The de-noising model is formulated as a regularized least-square problem with a Tikhonov regularization based on the first-, second-, and third-order derivatives of SSH. The method is implemented and compared to other, convolution-based filtering methods with boxcar and Gaussian kernels. This is performed using a large set of pseudo-SWOT data generated in the western Mediterranean Sea from a 1/60 ∘ simulation and the SWOT simulator. Based on root mean square error and spectral diagnostics, our de-noising method shows a better performance than the convolution-based methods. We find the optimal parametrization to be when only the second-order SSH derivative is penalized. This de-noising reduces the spatial scale resolved by SWOT by a factor of 2, and at 10 km wavelengths, the noise level is reduced by factors of 10 4 and 10 3 for summer and winter, respectively. This is encouraging for the processing of the future SWOT data.
The Spatial and Spectral Resolution of ASTER Infrared Image Data: A Paradigm Shift in Volcanological Remote Sensing
Authors: Ramsey Michael , Flynn Ian
Published: February 2020

During the past two decades, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on the Terra satellite has acquired nearly 320,000 scenes of the world’s volcanoes. This is ~10% of the data in the global ASTER archive. Many of these scenes captured volcanic activity at never before seen spatial and spectral scales, particularly in the thermal infrared (TIR) region. Despite this large archive of data, the temporal resolution of ASTER is simply not adequate to understand ongoing eruptions and assess the hazards to local populations in near real time. However, programs designed to integrate ASTER into a volcanic data sensor web have greatly improved the cadence of the data (in some cases, to as many as 3 scenes in 48 h). This frequency can inform our understanding of what is possible with future systems collecting similar data on the daily or hourly time scales. Here, we present the history of ASTER’s contributions to volcanology, highlighting unique aspects of the instrument and its data. The ASTER archive was mined to provide statistics including the number of observations with volcanic activity, its type, and the average cloud cover. These were noted for more than 2000 scenes over periods of 1, 5 and 20 years.
Analysis of a Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvester in Different Orientations for Rotational Motion
Authors: Su Wei-Jiun , Lin Jia-Han , Li Wei-Chang
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates a piezoelectric energy harvester that consists of a piezoelectric cantilever and a tip mass for horizontal rotational motion. Rotational motion results in centrifugal force, which causes the axial load on the beam and alters the resonant frequency of the system. The piezoelectric energy harvester is installed on a rotational hub in three orientations—inward, outward, and tilted configurations—to examine their influence on the performance of the harvester. The theoretical model of the piezoelectric energy harvester is developed to explain the dynamics of the system and experiments are conducted to validate the model. Theoretical and experimental studies are presented with various tilt angles and distances between the harvester and the rotating center. The results show that the installation distance and the tilt angle can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the system to match the excitation frequency.
Detecting of the Longitudinal Grouting Quality in Prestressed Curved Tendon Duct Using Piezoceramic Transducers
Authors: Jiang Tianyong , He Bin , Zhang Yaowen , Wang Lei
Published: February 2020

To understand the characteristics of longitudinal grouting quality, this paper developed a stress wave-based active sensing method using piezoceramic transducers to detect longitudinal grouting quality of the prestressed curved tendon ducts. There were four lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers installed in the same longitudinal plane. One of them, mounted on the bottom of the curved tendon duct, was called as an actuator for generating stress waves. The other three, pasted on the top of the curved tendon duct, were called as sensors for detecting the wave responses. The experimental process was divided into five states during the grouting, which included 0%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% grouting. The voltage signals, power spectral density (PSD) energy and wavelet packet energy were adopted in this research. Experimental results showed that all the amplitudes of the above analysis indicators were small before the grouting reached 90%. Only when the grouting degree reached the 100% grouting, these parameters increased significantly. The results of different longitudinal PZT sensors were mainly determined by the distance from the generator, the position of grouting holes, and the fluidity of grouting materials. These results showed the longitudinal grouting quality can be effectively evaluated by analyzing the difference between the signals received by the PZT transducers in the curved tendon duct. The devised method has certain application value in detecting the longitudinal grouting quality of prestressed curved tendon duct.
The Time and Spatial Effects of A “City-County Merger” on Housing Prices—Evidence from Fuyang
Authors: Tian Chuanhao , Ji Wenjun , Chen Sijin , Wu Jinqun
Published: February 2020

Based on the price data of 19,211 second-hand houses based in the Fuyang District and West Lake District from the years of 2014, 2015, and 2019, along with the characteristic data of second-hand houses, this paper studies the influence of the city-county merger of Fuyang. Through a combination with the double differences model and the hedonic price model, it was found that the city-county merger had time and spatial effects on housing prices. With regard to time effect, the city-county merger hindered the growth of Fuyang’s housing prices in the short term, while it had a promoting effect on Fuyang’s housing prices in the long term. With regard to the spatial effect, it was found that in the long term, the effect of the city-county merger on the promotion of Fuyang’s housing prices increased first and then weakened with an increase in distance from the West Lake District. In addition, it had the strongest effect on the promotion of housing prices within 3–6 km of the West Lake District.
Urban Change in the United States, 1990–2010: A Spatial Assessment of Administrative Reclassification
Authors: Jones Bryan , Balk Deborah , Leyk Stefan
Published: February 2020

In today’s increasingly urban world, understanding the components of urban population growth is essential. While the demographic components of natural increase and migration have received the overwhelming share of attention to date, this paper addresses the effects of administrative reclassification on urban population growth as derived from census data, which remain largely unstudied. We adopt a spatial approach, using the finest resolution US census data available for three decennial census periods, to estimate the magnitude of reclassification and examine the spatial-temporal variation in reclassification effects. We supplement the census data by using satellite-derived settlement data to further explain reclassification outcomes. We find that while 10% and 7% of the population live in areas that underwent urban/rural reclassification during the 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 time periods, respectively (with smaller fractions of corresponding land), reclassification has a substantial effect on metrics derived to characterize the urbanization process—comprising roughly 44% and 34% of total urban population growth over each period. The estimated magnitude of this effect is sensitive to assumptions regarding the timing of reclassification. The approach also reveals where, how, to what degree, and, in some part, why reclassification is affecting to the process of urbanization on the fine spatial scale, including the impact of underlying demographic processes. This research provides new directions to more effectively study coupled nature–human systems and their interactions.
Spatial Imbalance Between Tourist Supply and Demand: The Identification of Spatial Clusters in Extremadura, Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Rangel María Cristina , Sánchez Rivero Marcelino
Published: February 2020

The techniques provided by spatial analysis have become a great ally of tourist planning as they allow the carrying out of exhaustive territorial analyses. The greater availability of georeferenced databases together with the more and more extensive use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is materialising in the proliferation of studies analysing the distribution patterns of tourist territories. The present study uses these techniques to study the degree of equilibrium in the distribution of places and its level of occupation in a region where the use of expansionary policies of growth of the tourism sector has been able to cause a strong imbalance in said activity, i.e., the case of the region of Extremadura. To verify this, both global contrasts, global Moran’s I and G (d) of Getis and Ord, are used, as well as local contrasts, to map LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association). The results obtained confirm the existence of strong imbalances in the effectiveness of the places created while allowing the identification of different clusters of high and low values. These findings represent an important output for the strategic planning of the territory in order to develop a strategy that allows the sustainable tourism development of the territory.
Meta-Understanding of Environmental Perception in Tourism: Implications for China’s Tourist Attractions
Authors: Shi Jinlian , Sun Jing
Published: February 2020

Tourism is a global force in economic growth. To provide policy suggestions for advancing the tourism industry, we adopt a primary indicator, environmental perception, to examine tourism development. We conduct a nationwide meta-analysis to collect the environmental perceptions of residents and tourists in China, i.e., the satisfaction of an attraction’s environment. We analyze the collected information about the environmental perceptions, score the information, either negative (0) or positive (1), and sort these scores according to four socioeconomic classes (administrative units, attraction rating, ticket price, and attraction type). Our results show that residents’ and tourists’ degrees of satisfaction with environmental perception vary significantly among different classes and that unsatisfactory environmental perception indicates potential problems in the environment, products, and services provided by tourist attractions. Accordingly, we propose suggestions to address unsatisfactory environmental perceptions in each class, aiming to improve the degrees of satisfaction with environmental perception and to promote sustainability in tourism development.
Can Transport Operator Schemes Deliver Regional Sustainability Benefits? The Case of the UK Northern Powerhouse Region
Authors: Ballantyne Erica , Heron Graeme
Published: February 2020

UK devolved responsibility for planning future transport demands is shared amongst regional and local transport administrations. In Northern England, Transport for the North (TfN) provides a unified transport strategy, encompassing planning for future demand, highlighting the importance of freight transport movements throughout the Northern Powerhouse region. Given the importance of transport in fostering economic growth, this paper demonstrates the applicability of compliance and recognition schemes targeted at the UK’s commercial fleet transport operators for achieving the wider sustainability goals of the Northern Powerhouse. The research investigates the benefits of operator recognition and compliance schemes, and their alignment with strategic agendas, including the implementation of clean air zones. Results explore the extent to which Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous improvement support regional sustainability agendas through transport operator schemes. This research is based upon surveys and interviews with transport operators from across the UK, including the Northern Powerhouse region. Thematic analysis examined responses relating to the perceived barriers and opportunities around scheme membership and the extent TQM and continuous improvement support regional agendas. Analysis reveals ideal transport operator profiles for deriving the greatest benefit from scheme membership, whilst introducing a set of business readiness conventions for benchmarking transport operator compliance activities.
Optimal Express Bus Routes Design with Limited-Stop Services for Long-Distance Commuters
Authors: Ren Hongguo , Wang Zhenbao , Chen Yanyan
Published: February 2020

This research aimed to propose a route optimization method for long-distance commuter bus service to improve the attraction of public transport as a sustainable travel mode. Taking the express bus services (EBS) in Changping Corridor in Beijing as an example, we put forward an EBS route-planning method for long-distance commuter based on a solving algorithm for vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (VRPPD) to determine the length of routes, number of lines, and stop location. Mobile phone location (MPL) data served as a valid instrument for the origin–destination (OD) estimation, which provided a new perspective to identify the locations of homes and jobs. The OD distribution matrices were specified via geocoded MPL data. The optimization objective of the EBS is to minimize the total distance traveled by the lines, subject to maximum segment capacity constraints. The sensitivity analysis was done to several key factors (e.g., the segment capacity, vehicle capacity, and headway) influencing the number of lines, the length of routes. The results suggest that the scenario with the segment capacity of 4000 passengers/h has a minimum of number and length of lines, but we recommend that the transit agency adopt 3000 passengers/h as the route segment capacity because this scenario results in minimum fleet size and minimum total operation length.
Integrated Detection of a Complex Underground Water Supply Pipeline System in an Old Urban Community in China
Authors: Deng Shifan , Ma Siyu , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhang Shiqiang
Published: February 2020

An underground water supply pipeline system is an integral part of urban infrastructure. The safety, stability, reliability, and efficiency of this water system are critical for the daily work and livelihood of the people dependent on it. However, with the development of cities in China, the water supply systems in urban communities require constant re-building and improvement, which complicates the system. Considering the defects of obsolete design, lack of information, and irregularity of the constructions over the years, the maintenance of underground pipelines in older communities is onerous and arduous. In this work, the older pipeline system at the Taibai campus of Northwest University, Shaanxi Province, was taken as one typical old urban community and investigated by different measures. Detection was performed from the available concentrated water supply wells to surrounding areas combining electromagnetic induction, geophysical method by ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and acoustic detection methods. Applying the integrated detection method and considering known pipeline network designs, the properties and complex relationships of different pipeline materials (cast iron, polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) were determined. In addition, a spatial distribution map of the pipes from wells and the main input water supply pipelines was achieved. The results suggest that the integrated detection scheme combining these three methods provides an effective approach to analyze complex water supply pipelines in older communities, in which each single detection method has more uncertainties. The study provides valuable references for similar communities in many developing countries.
Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
Authors: Xu Jiabao , Zhao Shizhe , Teng Tieshan , Abdalla Abualgasim Elgaili , Zhu Wan , Xie Longxiang , Wang Yunlong , Guo Xiangqian
Published: February 2020

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms.
Substantial Antigenic Drift in the Hemagglutinin Protein of Swine Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Ryt-Hansen Pia , Pedersen Anders Gorm , Larsen Inge , Kristensen Charlotte Sonne , Krog Jesper Schak , Wacheck Silke , Larsen Lars Erik
Published: February 2020

The degree of antigenic drift in swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) has historically been regarded as minimal compared to that of human influenza A virus strains. However, as surveillance activities on swIAV have increased, more isolates have been characterized, revealing a high level of genetic and antigenic differences even within the same swIAV lineage. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of genetic drift in one enzootically infected swine herd over one year. Nasal swabs were collected monthly from sows (n = 4) and piglets (n = 40) in the farrowing unit, and from weaners (n = 20) in the nursery. Virus from 1–4 animals were sequenced per month. Analyses of the sequences revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was the main target for genetic drift with a substitution rate of 7.6 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year and evidence of positive selection. The majority of the mutations occurred in the globular head of the HA protein and in antigenic sites. The phylogenetic tree of the HA sequences displayed a pectinate typology, where only a single lineage persists and forms the ancestor for subsequent lineages. This was most likely caused by repeated selection of a single immune-escape variant, which subsequently became the founder of the next wave of infections.
Estrategias y actividades para aprendizaje del léxico en dos manuales escolares de educación primaria
Authors: García Donaldo José , Delgado Jiménez Angel Agustin , González Romero Endri Alfonso , Swiggers Gisela
Published: February 2020

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las estrategias y las actividades para el aprendizaje del léxico, utilizadas por dos manuales escolares de la escuela primaria venezolana. Se sustentó en Rodríguez (2006), Giammatteo y otros (2009) y Moreno (2004). La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo-comparativa con un diseño documental. El corpus estuvo conformado por 306 actividades extraídas de doce textos, de primero a sexto grado, del área de lengua y literatura. La técnica utilizada fue el análisis de contenido y como instrumento, una base de datos. El procedimiento estadístico fue la prueba de frecuencia. Se concluye que en los textos prevalecen estrategias y actividades memorísticas, descontextualizadas y convencionales; enmarcadas en el enfoque tradicionalista de le lengua, en el que la enseñanza del vocabulario es considerada de forma marginal. Por lo tanto se requiere de un cambio significativo en la gestión didáctica que favorezca el desarrollo de la competencia léxica.
El Trabajo de Campo en la formación integral del Profesor de Geografía: Una teorización fenomenológica desde la experiencia de los estudiantes
Authors: Núñez Ravelo Franklin , Calderón Castellanos Rossany , Ugas Pérez María , Rivas Meriño Ferney
Published: February 2020

El estudio se ejecutó en el marco del proyecto desarrollado en la línea “Didáctica de la Geografía” del Centro de Investigaciones Geohistóricas del Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas (IPC), tuvo como premisa teleológica: develar con base en las experiencias-vivencias de 11 estudiantes del profesorado de Geografía e Historia. De allí que se asumió como ruta metodológica el paradigma interpretativo, desde el enfoque fenomenológico, basado en un diseño emergente sustentado en los momentos del método fenomenológico propuesto por Husserl (1900, 1913, 1929 y 1970), que orientó la sistematización de las experiencias de los informantes recabadas mediante entrevistas a profundidad. Se asume a modo de conclusión que el trabajo de campo permite empoderar al estudiante en su perfil profesional específico, toda vez que: propicia la autoconfianza y el crecimiento personal, lo vincula con el contexto en estudio generando sensibilidad y sentido de identidad profesional, le proyecta en el abordaje didáctico de situaciones específicas de realidades particulares aproximándolo al binomio escuela-comunidad, favorece la valoración de la estrategia por su aplicabilidad en distintos ámbitos, y potencia la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas locales de uso del espacio y explotación indebida de los recursos, como vía para promover ciudadanos ambientalmente responsables desde el accionar pedagógico, individual y colectivo.
15 Años de las TIC en Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la UPEL
Authors: Guzmán Belkys Juliana , Castro Santiago
Published: February 2020

Durante los últimos 15 años o más los productos académicos de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (UPEL), están relacionados con las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) y una problemática planteada en uno o más elementos del proceso educativo, en diferentes contextos, niveles o modalidades del sistema educativo. Este estudio pretende reconstruir los conocimientos y saberes relacionado con las TIC contemplados en los trabajos de grado, ponencias e investigaciones, especialmente los de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico de la UPEL. Es un estudio descriptivo que pretende explicitar la problemática, los contextos estudiados y que soluciones se han propuesto, con la intensión de hacer una línea de avances relacionados con las TIC en los procesos. Y hacer visible el conocimiento.
Tamil International Thiruvalluvar Calendar
Authors: V Arivumani
Published: February 2020

A variety of calendars are currently in circulation. The English Gregorian Calendar is in use internationally. But there are some problems with using a standard calendar in Tamil. Thus the Thiruvalluvar calendar is created as part of the effort to create a standard calendar in Tamil. It can be used by everyone, regardless of caste, religion, language or ethnicity. The Tamil International Thiruvalluvar Calendar (Thasati) is based on the Thiruvalluvar Year and 13 thirukkural chapter groups as month names. In this calendar, All months have 28 days except the first month. The First month has 29 days in normal and 30 days in a leap year.
Thinai based Antics and Music- Adopting Silapathikaram
Authors: G Karunakaran
Published: February 2020

The Thinai based life of Tamils is a formalized one. Such Tamils set up jobs in their land where they are lived. Depending on the land (kurinji (hilly/mountain region), palai (parched/dry lands), mullai (pastoral tract), marutam (wet/ agricultural lands) and neital (coastal area)), they also developed their business. They are the first disciplines to follow. Extraordinary works have also uncovered remarkable art. With the grammar of these internal corporations, approach Silapathikaram and explore the claim that he has made.
PLANTATION OF A NEW FORMULA TO ASSESS PURITY OF FINAL MOLASSES
Authors: Khan Hayat Rahim , Tehreem Areeba
Published: February 2020

Loss of sucrose in final molasses is a major financial loss to a sugar factory; all efforts are to be made to curtail this loss. The apparent purity concept is unable to quantify the degree of molasses exhaustion but the Target Purity Formula can be used as bench mark to fulfill this purpose. Target Purity formula is a function of mono saccharides and inorganic components. A number of Target Purity Formulas have been presented in the past. Thirty tests of analysis of molasses exhaustion were collected from various sugar mills of the country in three years. All available Target Purity Formula applied on these tests to find an appropriate formula which can be used to quantify the exhaustion of final molasses for our country. Evaluating some of the Target Purity Formulas, a new formula is being planted (40.86-14.60 log Rs/A) and checked against all thirty tests analysis of final molasses exhaustion and found suitable for our country.
OPTIMIZED SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM (OPSIS). THE FUTURE OF SUGARCANE IRRIGATION
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Mehmood Arshad , Arshad Waqas Raza , Mehmood Khalid
Published: February 2020

An experiment was conducted in Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI) Faisalabad during 20172018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of five sugarcane clones. Sugarcane is a tropical crop with C4 Photosynthetic metabolism. Due to irrigation water shortages, water stress is common in sugarcane. Major Responses of drought in sugarcane is leaf rolling. Stomatal Closure inhibition of stalk and leaf growth, leaf senescence and reduced leaf area (due to its phenomenal dry matter production capacity) are other symptoms of water stress.
Corrigendum: “Influence of water vapor on CO detection using a resonant microcantilever functionalized by Al-doped ZnO nanorods” [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 58, SBBH09 (2019)]
Authors: Aprilia Lia , Hosoda Makoto , Nuryadi Ratno , Neo Yoichiro , Barique Mohamad Abdul , Udhiarto Arief , Hartanto Djoko , Mimura Hidenori
Published: February 2020

Recently, we found a mistake in calculation for the sensor sensitivity. The mass of the AZNMC should be 111 ng, not 0.1 ng. Therefore, the sensor sensitivity should be in picogram order. The highest sensor sensitivity should be 7.38 pg Hz−1, not 7.38 fg Hz−1. However the discussion of the manuscript is unchanged. We would like to apologize for any inconvenience.
FUNÇÃO E DISFUNÇÃO SEXUAL FEMININA DURANTE O CICLO GRAVÍDICO-PUERPERAL
Authors: Gomes de Araujo Tatiane , Cristina Poerner Scalco Sandra , Varela Daniele
Published: February 2020

A gravidez e puerpério são períodos da vida da mulher marcados por frequentes dificuldades sexuais. Inúmeros fatores interferem na função sexual nesse período, incluindo alterações hormonais, anatômicas, psicológicas e sociais. Objetivos: discutir as funções e disfunções sexuais femininas na gestação epuerpério, os principais fatores associados, além da avaliação e manejo multiprofissional. Métodos: a estratégia desta revisão foi a busca de artigos revelantes nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), teses no banco de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), no perído dode 1966 a 2019. Os artigos foram selecionados utilizando os seguintes descritores isolados e combinados:(1) função sexual, (2) disfunção sexual, (3) sexualidade, (4) gestação e (5) puerpério. Resultados: a partir darevisão de literatura realizada, foi escrito o presente artigo, que abordou a sexualidade feminina no períodogravídico-puerperal, concentrando o assunto em três grandes eixos: (1) função sexual feminina na gestaçãoe puerpério, (2) disfunção sexual feminina na gestação e puerpério e (3) abordagem da função e disfunçãosexual feminina na gestação e puerpério. Conclusão: a vida sexual da mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperalconstitui um desafio adaptativo que exige profissionais de saúde preparados para falar abertamente sobre sexualidade com o casal, um tema ainda atualmente pouco discutido.
DINAMIKA PERTUMBUHAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERIODE PERTENGAHAN
Authors: Afkari Sulistiyowati Gandariyah
Published: February 2020

Praktik pendidikan dan kehidupan intelektual pada masa Dinasti Safawi ini secara keseluruhan diarahkan untuk memperkokoh doktrin paham Syi’ah. Pada satu sisi paham Syi’ah demikian keras diinjeksikan pada seluruh lapisan dan wilayah kesadaran intelek rakyat demi memperkokoh posisi kekuasaan para Syah. Dan pada sisi lain penguatan birokrasi hingga penggunaan kekerasan militeristis dijadikan alasan untuk memperkuat keyakinan ajaran syiah. Adapun system dan praktek pendidikan pada masa Dinasti Safawi ini, semata mata didominasi oleh tiga jenis pendidikan: pertama pendidikan indoktrinatif sebagai kurikulum inti dalam seluruh pusat pendidikan untuk memantapkan paham Syi’ah demi terwujudnya patriotisme masyarakat untuk mengabdi kepada mazhab keagamaan.Dan kedua pendidikan estetika dengan penekanannya pada seni karya yang dihadapkan mampu mendukung sector industry dan perdagangan Dinasti Safawi. Ketiga pendidikan militer memperkuat armada perang
Airway management in critically sick in intensive care
Authors: Malhotra S. K. , Gandhi Komal
Published: February 2020

In critically ill patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), patency of airway and managementof difficult airway are of utmost importance. The incidence of difficult intubation maybe 10% to 22% depending on the various factors in patient as well as availability ofequipment facilities. As compared to the regular surgery in operation theatre, themanagement of airway in critically ill patients is considerably different and morechallenging. The physiological reserve and co-morbidities are more common in criticallyill patients. In ICU, recent techniques of airway management must be considered andpracticed, such as videolaryngoscope (VLS), fiberoptic bronchoscope and supraglotticdevices. The success for airway management would be greater if airway expert, therequired devices and an adequate protocol are available. The outcome of managingairway would be enhanced if best use of available airway devices in a particular hospitalsetup since every instrument may not be available. The standard guidelines for difficultairway and the protocol of individual hospital may reduce the complications; hencemust be followed. The availability of difficult airway cart and capnograph is a must. Theindications and timing of surgical airway must be clear to the airway team. The Trainingcourses for the staff in ICU should be held regularly to apprise them of advancementin airway management. The best use of available airway equipment should be made incritically ill patients. At least, one airway expert must be accessible in ICU at any giventime.

Received: 12 Sep 2018Reviewed: 5 Oct 2018Accepted: 10 Oct 2018

Citation: Malhotra SK, Gandhi K. Airway management in critically sick in intensive care. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2018;22 Suppl 1:S21-S28
مفصل الركن في العمارة: المفاهيم الأساسية
Authors: Al-SauhairY Atef muharb
Published: February 2020

يمكن القول بأن أي نتاج إنساني، ومن ضمنه العمارة، يحتاج إلى نوعين من الأفعال يكمل أحدهما الآخر؛ هما

الفعل النظري والفعل العملي. يمثل الأول الأفكار والأحاسيس ويمثل الثاني القدرة في التجسيد المادي لهذه الأفكار؛

والعلاقة الجدلية بينهما هي إحدى أسس تطور العمارة وهي وفي أي مستوى من المستويات تمثل "المفصل". هناك عدة مستويات من المفاصل في العمارة، والبحث معني بالتعرف على أبعاد ومستويات مفصل الركن.

تم تناول الموضوع من خلال بحث استقرائي يهدف إلى وضع المفاهيم الأساسية التي يتم بموجبها التعامل مع

هذا المفصل. وكمنهج كانت البداية في التعريف الأنسب للركن ليكون مدخلا إلى ما يليه من عمليات التحليل. وبعد

تثبيت عدة أفكار تم اختبارها بعدة أمثلة وبمقاييس مختلفة سواء في العمارة التقليدية أو العمارة الحديثة.
العلاقات الهندسية للمكونات الفضائية لدور الاوبرا وأثرها في الكفاءة الصوتية
Authors: Al-Khafaji Saba Jabar , Mety Peter Khammu , Al-Khoja Sara Munther
Published: February 2020

تعد دور الأوبرا من أكثر الأبنية السمعية تخصصا وغنى وتعقيدا في العلاقات الفضائية بين مكوناتها الرئيسية

والثانوية ولا سيما فضائي القاعة والمنصة. ولما كان العرض الأوبرالي يتسم بتعدد المستويات الأدائية والتي تؤثر

بدورها في تعدد المتطلبات الوظيفية والخدمية لكل من جموع المؤدين والحضور، لذا فأن كفاءة وشهرة الدار الأوبرالي  مرتهن بعدد من المؤشرات التصميمية المتعلقة بعدد من العلاقات الهندسية والتي تحدد العقة بين المكونات الفضائية  للقاعة (كطاع الحضور) ومنصة العرض (قطاع المؤدين) والتي تؤثر في تحديد كفاءة الأداء الوظيفي للدار من الناحية  البصرية والسمعية إضافة إلى شروط الراحة والأمان.  والبحث يستقرأ تلك المؤشرات عبر دراسة تحليلية تعتمد أسلوب المقارنة لعدد من الحالات الدراسية والتي  شملت عدد من أشهر دور الأوبرا في العالم ولعدة علاقات هندسية بين المكونات الفضائية للقاعة والمنصة ليتم تحديد  مدى تأثيرها على أهم المؤشرات الصوتية لأهميتها في إنجاح الفعل الأدائي لدور الأوبرا.
Study of chemical composition and correlation between the seeds of two date palm cultivars grown in Libya
Authors: Ighwela Keri Alhadi
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition and correlation between two types of date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in the north (Al-Bakrari) and south (Tafsert) of Libya. The chemical composition of two local date seeds was measured biochemical parameters on commonly used. Results showed that protein and lipid contents (Based on dry matter) ranged between 3.25 and 3.50 g/100 g ` and between 4.81 and 6.64 g/100 g, respectively. Carbohydrates content was about 80.74 and 82.48 g/100g for both samples. The ash content was ranged (1.85 - 2.30 g/100 g dry matter, while the moisture content did not exceed 7.6 % in any trial samples. The statistical analysis showed that lipid content had a significant positive correlation with moisture, (R2 = 0.751; p = 0.05). Further analysis indicated that both moisture and lipid had a highly significant negative correlation with ash (R2 = - 0.902 and - 0.901; p = 0.05) respectively, while ash having a highly significant positive correlation with carbohydrate (R2 = 0.967; p = 0.05). Based on the outcome of the study, it appears that the chemical composition of date seeds, it is recommended to use these residues in animals feed to obtain the highest productivity economically and utilization of the wasted resources on the other hand.
Calibration and Validation of the DSSAT Model with Experimental Data for Three Varieties of Wheat on Different Planting Dates
Authors: Elgadi Jalal Ahmed
Published: February 2020

The Crop Simulation Model (CERES-wheat module) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnolgy Transfer (DSSAT) was used in this study to simulate the effect of planting date (D) on growth, development and yield of three varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum). The studied varieties were Cham1 (V1), Deir Alla6 (V2) and Haurani (V3). Data were obtained from a field experiment conducted for this purpose on the growing season 2015/2016 at Mushagger Agricultural Research Station Southwest Amman (31° 46' 24.7'' N, 35° 47' 47.3'' E, 800 m above sea level). First planting date (D1) was used for model calibration and the GenCalc software was applied to achieve acceptable genetic coefficient values. Calibration results showed an excellent estimation for days to anthesis, number of grains m-2, grain yield and days to physiological maturity with normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) ranged from 0 to 5.79%. Tops weight, harvest index, unit grain weight (except for V3) and number of tillers m-2 were poorly simulated. Validation of the CERES-Wheat model of the DSSAT using means of observed results of D2 and D3 showed excellent simulation (nRMSE < 10%) for anthesis and maturity dates for the three examined varieties. Good prediction (10 ≤ nRMSE < 20%) were attained for grain yield (for V2 and V3) and for grain nitrogen percent (except for V3 which was excellent). Fair predictions (20 ≤ nRMSE < 30%) were recorded for grain unit weight of (V1 and V2) and tops weight of V1. Conversely, grain unit weight was poorly simulated for V3. From these results, it can be concluded that the DSSAT model can be considered as an effective tool for predicting wheat growth and yield.
Quantitative estimation of complex phosphate - solubilization by immobilized or free Azospirillum Lipoferum (H3) as vital vaccine in Pikovskaya broth (PVK) medium
Authors: Mohamed Hafsa. M. E. , Shaieb Farag  M. A. , EL-Komy Hesham  M. A.
Published: February 2020

Azospirillum species were collected from the rhizosphere and free soil of different plants in Al-Jabal El- Akhdar region. The isolates were identified according to biochemical activities. Isolate (H3) which showed the higher solubilization efficiency (SE) on Pikovskaya medium (PVK) containing insoluble phosphate (inorganic phosphate) Ca3(po4)2 Isolate (H3) was identified as Azospirillum lipoferum (H3), which used as an inoculum as free cell suspension or as alginate formulation. Phosphate solubilization was measured by A.lipoferum (H3) as free or alginate immobilized cells in (PVK) liquid medium and recording the pH of the medium at the same time. The results showed in the phosphorus content by immobilized bacteria in liquid (PVK) broth medium from 2nd day of incubation (2.48 µg/ ml) to 10th day (3.70 µg/ ml) and the free bacteria from 2nd day (8.81 µg/ ml) to 10th day (4.49 µg/ ml). pH of the liquid (PVK) broth medium was recorded from 2nd day to 10th day after incubation which decreased by immobilized A.lipoferum (H3) from 7.00 pH to 4.47 on the 10th day and by the free A.lipoferum (H3) to 6.00, which improved the production of organic acids from sugars which was response of decreasing the pH of the medium. This present study contribute to make agriculture more productive with less harm to the environment and for developing countries where the use of fertilizers is costly, and to encourage of using the biofertilizers ‘plant growth promoting rhizobacteria’ (PGPR) instead of the chemical fertilizers to enhance the plant growth which is the main goal to increase the food production in a healthy way.