bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Green Solvents for Oil Extraction from Natural Products Using Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Sahad Naimah , Md Som Ayub , Sulaiman Alawi
Published: October 2014

This paper provides an overview of the use of green solvents for oil extraction from natural product using soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods. In terms of qualitative and quantitative determinations on the extracted oils, the use of green solvents was comparable with n-hexane. For soxhlet extraction method, the integration of microwave application into the soxhlet at their optimum conditions has shown improvement in oil yield, oil quality, solvent consumption and extraction time. SFE using CO2also revealed promising results as soxhlet extraction but apparently it involved high operating cost and difficult to control. Despite of that, all the studies successfully demonstrated the suitability of green solvent as an alternative to petroleum driven solvents for extraction of oils from natural products.
Synthesis, Characterization and Efficiency of N, C-TiO2 as an Active Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Krishnan Jagannathan , Nerissa Elvana , Hadi Abdul
Published: October 2014

Elemental doping of titanium dioxide with nitrogen and carbon were investigated in this study to get the modified photocatalyst working under visible light. Doped and codoped photocatalyst samples were synthesized by solgel method using titanium isopropoxide, ammonium nitrate and acetylacetone as precursors with the dopant concentration and calcination temperature fixed at 0.75% and 600°C respectively. Synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR and FESEM to check the existence of anatase phase, presence of dopants and formation of fine particles respectively. The effectiveness of the synthesized photocatalysts was measured by performing a standard batch photodegradation test with methylene blue as a model pollutant under ordinary visible light. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies were found to be affected by the presence of dopant elements. The codoped photoctalyst (N-C-TiO2) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity as it resulted in 91.3% degradation of methylene blue over 180 minutes of irradiation time.
Recovery of Copper by Electrodeposition Method from Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Fan Shuai , Wang Jing Song , Guo Qing Wei , Zhang Wei Ming , Sun Ping
Published: October 2014

Electrodeposition method was applied to recover copper from the simulation of copper-containing electroplating wastewater. Stainless steel plate is used as the cathode and the anode is made of titanium plate coated with RnO2+IrO2, titanium mesh coated with RnO2+IrO2 or stainless steel plate. The electrode potential of copper in electrolyte was calculated, and the effect of initial concentration of copper ions, temperature of electrolyte, voltage, electrode spacing, initial pH value and additive concentration on the recovery of copper was studied in detail. The experimental results showed that the proper anode is titanium plate coated with RnO2+IrO2.Under the condition ofinitial concentration of copper ions 25g/L, temperature of electrolyte 40°C, voltage 3.8V, electrode spacing 25mm, initial pH value 3.60, additive concentration 7.1g/L,the recovery rate of copper can achieve 99.4% and the current efficiency can achieve 88.5%.
Shape Optimization Design of Gravity Buttress of Arch Dam Based on Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Authors: Xu Lei
Published: October 2014

The optimization design method was rarely used to design the gravity buttress of arch dam in the past. With this in mind, the parametric description of gravity buttress is given, and the auto-calculation of its exerting loads and the safety coefficient of anti-slide stability are realized subsequently. Then, the optimization design model of gravity buttress and the procedures of optimization design are presented using the asynchronous particle swarm optimization method. Finally, ODGB software, which is short for Optimization Design of Gravity Buttress software, is developed and verified.
Determine the Reinforcement Effect of Gravel Layer on a Sandy Foundation
Authors: Matveev S.A. , Martynov E.A. , Litvinov N.N.
Published: October 2014

The report carries the information about test results of loading reinforced of steel geogrid layer of gravel on sandy foundation . As a result we have deformation characteristics of gravel layer on sandy foundation, the effect of reinforcement and deformation regularities of reinforced gravel-sandy structures.
Seismic Mechanics and Engineering Application Analysis of Shear Wave Velocity Inferring
Authors: Qi Jing Jing , Yin Zhi Qing , Wu Kong Bing
Published: October 2014

The soil shear wave velocity is the key parameter in site seismic response analysis. And it is also one of the important parameters in evaluation of seismic safety for engineering sites or the seismic microzonation. Normally, the parameter is obtained through the field testing. Sometimes shear wave velocity testing could not arrive at technical requirement or the technical requirements due to the actual condition. Then it is necessary to develop the parameter inferring method. In this paper, the data of shear wave velocity of soils at 46 typical boreholes in Dongying are selected for regressive statistic analysis. Based on the data, the formulas of shear wave velocity with linear function and power function are obtained. Considering the influence of the soil classification to the soil shear wave velocity, the new inferring formulas are obtained. Then the inferring formulas of the shear wave velocity are applied at 4 boreholes in one residential building. It is shown that the calculation results conform well with the site testing results, and the formulas are applicable for engineering with sufficient accuracy.
Study on Calculating Takeoff Distances on Non-Dry Runways
Authors: Qian Yu
Published: October 2014

Calculating the takeoff distance is one of important technology with airplane design and operation, which is the arm of this paper. At first, the takeoff rules include four case by FAA is discussed; then the forces on the airplane, the accelerations and the distances with different cases are formulated, and the “step integration” method to calculates the takeoff acceleration distances is used; after that, an example of calculating the takeoff distances is presented; the takeoff distances on Non-Dry runways is discussed at the end. It is also helpful to airline operation safety.
Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Concrete after High Temperature
Authors: Du Xi , Chen You Liang , Li Yu Chen , Nie Da Xiang , Huang Ji
Published: October 2014

With cooling tests on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete and plain concrete that were initially subjected to different heating temperatures, the change of mechanical properties including mass loss, uniaxial compressive strength and microstructure were analyzed. The results show that the compressive strength of concrete tend to decrease with an increase in temperature. After experiencing high temperatures, the internal fibers of the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete melted and left a large number of voids in it, thereby deteriorating the mechanical properties of concrete.
Applied-Information Technology and Data Processing in Determination of Subjective Weights in Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Authors: Su Bian Ping , Su Hong Yan
Published: October 2014

The index weight plays a very important role and directly affects the decisions of the results in the multi-attribute decision making, this paper applys information technology and date processing to determine subjective weights in multiple attribute decision making ,and combinate tuple Linguistic and AHP to solve the subjective indicators with linguistic assessment information right weight information.Finally,obtained subjective evaluation index weights and an example is given to approve the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.
Problems and Countermeasures in the Application of the Fire Chemical Detection Equipment Based on Material Properties
Authors: Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2014

The author finds problems of fire chemical detection equipment based on material properties in the process of the actual application through learning and exploration, and puts forward the solving method to explain the misunderstanding when fire officers and soldiers use detection equipment based on material properties
Preparation of Bis-Functionalized 1,4-Diaminobutane Derivatives
Authors: Li Xiao Chuan , Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: October 2014

A three-component solvent-free method for the synthesis of a series of bis-α-aminophosphonate-modified butanes has been developed. The experimental results showed that the solvent-free reaction conditions without catalyst were optimal for the preparation of this type compounds. The synthesized title compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Corrosion Resistance Dependence of Rare Earth NiCrMoY Alloy Coatings
Authors: Hu Chun Lian
Published: October 2014

The wear and corrosion of rare earth NiCrMoY alloy manufactured by atomization and oxygen-acetylene flame spray and high frequency induction remelting technique are investigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrum, X-ray diffraction meter (XRD), uniform corrosion method of laboratory immersion test, anodic polarization curve of three electrodes potentiodynamic scan. The results indicate that Corrosion rate of NiCrMoY alloy coatings is better than that of Ni60A coatings in HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 and artificial seawater, and its wear is much better than those of Ni60A coatings.
A Novel Nickel/Iron-Layered Double Hydroxide for Supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Zhe , Xiao Ting , Tan Xin Yu , Xiang Peng , Jiang Li Hua
Published: October 2014

A facile one-step method of growing nickel/iron layered double hydroxide (Ni/Fe-LDH) films with nanosheet structures on Ti sheet is presented and the electrochemical performance is investigated. Cyclic voltammogram of Ni/Fe-LDH electrode shows a pair of well-defined redox peaks at-0.4~-1.4 V, which is quite different with the previous reports on LDHs used for supercapacitors. This result implies the Ni/Fe-LDH may be an alternative for the cathode of the asymmetric supercapacitors.
Fabrication and Microstructure of Ge-Sb-S-CsCl Chalcogenide Glass Containing β-GeS2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Hao Ji Yan , Liu Hai Tao
Published: October 2014

we report the fabrication and microstructure of Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide glass containing β-GeS2 nanocrystals. A Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide base glass with the better crystalline ability is first fabricated by melt-quenching method, and a further careful thermal process has led to the formation of β-GeS2 nanocrystals in the glass. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the size of β-GeS2 nanocrystals with nearly monodisperse spherical shape ranges from 30 to 45 nm in the glass. Powder X-ray diffraction results confirm that the β-GeS2 nanocrystals are of high crystallization with orthorhombic phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy is employed for the information of nanocrystals glass composition. It is worthwhile to note that the obtained Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide glass containing β-GeS2 nanocrystals still keeps higher transmittance in mid- and far- infrared spectral region.
On Properties of Recycled Fine Aggregate for Structural Concrete from Repeatedly Recycling Concrete Waste
Authors: Zhu Ping Hua , Xie Fei Fei , Xia Qun
Published: October 2014

In order to explore the possibility of using repeatedly recycling waste concrete as aggregate to produce structural concrete, experimental research was carried out on the structural properties of three kinds of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) with two-regeneration cycles, two single and one mixed. The results showed that the quality of all RFAs meet the needs of Grade Ⅲ in GB/T25177-2010 and Level L in JISA 5023-2000. The degree of performance degradation is observed to enhance with increasing recycling cycle when taking the same preparation process of recycled aggregate.
The Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete under Different Factors
Authors: Liu Xi , Lv Bei Bei , Wu Tao
Published: October 2014

By choosing domestic ceramsite as lightweight aggregate, mixing with active mineral admixture (fly ash) and the water reducing agent, and adopting the method of absolute volume to design the three ceramsite concretemixture ratio, 27 groups, 243 lightweight aggregate ceramsite concrete test cubes of 100mm×100mm×100mm are obtained for compressive strength test, and the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregate are studied. At the same time, through the systematic test, the influences of the aggregate strength, water-binder ratio, fly-ash content, etc on ceramsite concrete are studied. Finally the best mixture ratio scheme for ceramsite concrete is gained, providing theoretical basis for the application of lightweight aggregate concrete.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Renewable Rubber Building Template
Authors: Xue Gang , Zhang Zhao Yong , Wang Chong Ge
Published: October 2014

Discarded rubber is renewable resource, and the reasonable use of discarded rubber is conducive to protect environment and save energy. This paper designs rubber template with the thermoplastic elastomer which processed by waste rubber powder and plastic. The physical and mechanical properties of various materials are obtained, and the bearing capacity of renewable rubber building template is calculated and analyzed through mechanical test. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of 16mm renewable rubber building template are equal to 18mm plywood. The research establishes a preliminary foundation for the industrialization of rubber building template.
The Dam Anti-Seismic Dynamic Analysis of Wangwu Reservoir Reinforcement Project
Authors: Dong Xin Mei , Xu Yun Hai , Wang Guang Hui , Wei Zhao Zhen
Published: October 2014

Due to low design standard, and poor construction quality, Wangwu reservoir, which was built in the fifties, has been running in sub-health for a long time. The dam safety grade is evaluated as Class III, so it must to be reinforcement. The dam foundation anti-seismic reinforcement is one of the main contents. In the paper, the authors introduce the basic method of dam anti-seismic dynamic analysis, combining with the Wangwu reservoir reinforcement project.
Study on Separation/Enrichment of Trace Nickel in Water Samples Using Ammonium Sulfate-Dithizone-Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide System
Authors: Tu Chang Qing , Wen Xin Rong
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a novel method for the separation/enrichment of trace Ni2+ using (NH4)2SO4-dithizone(H2Dz)-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMAB) system.The effects of different parameters on the enrichment yield of Ni2+ have been investigated. The possible enrichment mechanism of Ni2+ was discussed.The results showed that under the optimum conditions,the water-insoluble chelate of Ni(H2Dz)2 which formed by Ni2+ and H2Dz was quantificationally floated onto CTMAB foam phase.In this condition, Cd2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+ and Co2+ could not be floated.Therefore, Ni2+ was separated completely from the above metal ions. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the separation/enrichment of Ni2+ in various water samples, and the recoveries were 94.2%～103.8%.
Tungsten Ionic Liquid: Synthesis and Physicochemical Property
Authors: Yang Qi , Yan Qiang , Yang Yun Qin , Wang Han , Fang Da Wei , Zang Shu Liang
Published: October 2014

An tungstate ionic liquid (IL) 2-(1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) ([C3mim]2[WO4]), was prepared. The density and surface tension of the IL were determined in the temperature range of (293.15 to 343.15) K. Using Kabo’s method and Rebelo’s method, the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the IL, ΔlgHm0(298 K), at 298 K and, ΔlgHm0(Tb), at hypothetical normal boiling point was estimated, respectively.
Research of Chemical Coloring Technology on Pure Copper
Authors: Fan Yong Zhe , Song Bing Xin , Wu Jian Jun
Published: October 2014

Oxidizing agent of ferric nitrate was added into Sodium thiosulfate chemical coloring liquid. The influence of components concentration and process parameters on the film was analysed. The results indicated that colored film was mainly composed of CuS, the colored film was obtained by the method of combining oxidation and sulfidation, and it had a better adhesion with the substrate, the best optimal process condition were that the temperature was 70°C and the concentration of ferric nitrate and thiosulfate were 9.5g/L and 45g/L respectively.
Thermal-Oxidation Degradation and Evaluation of Non-Durable Non-Woven Fabrics
Authors: Yuan Zhi Lei , Cai Jia Shi , Li Ning
Published: October 2014

Samples of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE),polyester (PET), polylactide (PLA), and viscose (CV) non-woven fabrics, were exposed to blowing hot oven at 110°C temperature conditions separately for different times. In order to determine the state of thermal oxidation degradation, samples were examined by Tensile Properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calovimotry (DSC). These methods can be used to study and evaluate the sample thermal oxidation degradation.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Copolymeres Bisphenol A and D-Π-A Chromophores
Authors: Fang Ming Feng , Pan Chun Meng , Wang Chen , Lu Guo Yuan
Published: October 2014

A series of optical polymeres were prepared by a Mitsunobu reaction from the correspondingN,N-dihydroxyethyl D-π-A chromophores and bisphenol A, which is new main-chain copolymeres with good solubility in ordinary organic solvents. The linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by UV spectra and NLO measurements. The results indicate that the films of copolymeres exhibit a higher macroscopic second nonlinear optical coefficient, thermal stability and good optical transparency.
Preparation of ZnAc/PVP Composite Fibers and ZnO Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Qing Nan , Tang Dong Yan , Yu Zai Qian , Lv Hai Tao
Published: October 2014

Zinc acetate (ZnAc)/PVP composite fibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and pure inorganic ZnO nanofibers were then obtained after the calcination of the composite fibers at 600°C for 2.5h. The effects of the parameters during the spinning process on the composite fibers and ZnO nanofibers were investigated. Uniform in diameters and continuous nanofibers without liquid beads could be obtained with the polymer concentration of 15%, the spinning voltage of 11kV, the receiving distance of 20cm and the rate of sample propulsion of 1.5uL/min. The XRD detection demonstrated the construction of ZnO for nanofibers after the calcinations of the composite fibers.
Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction: Extraction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Ingredients
Authors: Liu Qing Shan , Li Xu , Zhuang Shu Juan , Zhang Wei Wei , Yin Xiao Ying , Geng Ping
Published: October 2014

Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a developing technique with high recognition which is just like the recognition between enzymes and antibodies in the organism. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), synthetic materials obtained using the imprinting technology, have played a huge advantage and been used in many fields. Especially, MIPs have been applied to the extraction and separation of analytes as the selective adsorbent of solid-phase extraction (SPE), which is known as molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) in recent years. In the present review, the methodology of MIPs preparation and evaluation are explained. Moreover, recent great developments of SPE and MISPE are discussed, and the potential application of MISPE in extraction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredients are also presented briefly.
Mechanical Properties of Fumed Silica/PP Composites
Authors: Ma Hai Qing , Jin Zheng , Li Wen Long , Wu Di , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2014

Polypropylene/fumed silica composites were prepared via melt mixing using a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. To improve the dispersion degree of the fumed silica, γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH-550) was used as silane coupling agent. The PP composites which obtained different fumed silica content were prepared by melt-mixing process. Then composites mechanical properties were measured by the crystal polarized light microscopy (PLM), hardness, tensile testing and so on. The results indicate that fumed silica could toughen PP resin and mechanical properties of composites were optimum when fumed silica content was 1.5 wt%.
Melting and Crystallization Properties of Crystalline/Crystalline Blends of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
Authors: Cai Xue Ming , Li Shi Hong , Jia Pan Jin , Run Ming Tao
Published: October 2014

Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PET/PTT) blends were prepared and their melting and crystallization properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperatures suggest apparently that PET and PTT have good miscibility at amorphous state. The blends with more PET content less likely undergo a melting/recrystallization process during DSC heating scan. In the blends, PET component with higher supercooling degree will crystallize first, and then the crystallites of PET will be the nucleating agents for PTT, which greatly improves the crystallization rate of PTT.
Construction of cDNA Library of Hansenula anomala
Authors: Fang Shang Ling , Yan Jin , Chen Mao Bin , Xue Dong Sheng , Cao Jing Hua
Published: October 2014

To investigate the molecular mechanism of ester-producing of acetate yeast, a cDNA library was constructed based on Switching Mechanism At 5’ end of the RNA Transcript (SMART) technique using Construction Kit. The result of the test showed that the primary constructed cDNA library had a cloning capacity of 3×106and the length of the inserted fragment was between 1-3kb,the coverage of cDNA library was 74.07%. The quality of the library could meet the requirements.
Electrospinning of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Lactic Acid-Co-Lysine) Blend
Authors: Yao Jun Yan , Li Yu Jie , Du Zhi , Chen Ming He
Published: October 2014

Electrospun poly (lactic acid)/poly (lactic acid-co-lysine) (PLA/PLL) blend were prepared, and the structures including fibers, beads and microspheres and properties of electrospun material were characterized. Viscosity, conductivity and surface tension of electrospinning solution had critical effect on the structures of the electrospun blend. The optimization process conditions of PLA/PLL electrospun fibers, beads and microspheres were confirmed and the structures, thermal properties, crystal properties, and hydrophilicity were analyzed. The results showed that the average diameter of electrospun PLA/PLL fibers was less than that of PLA under the same spinning process, and the crystallinity of spun products was affected by solution concentration, pushing speed and spinning voltage. Accurate controlling of spinning product morphology can be achieved by adjusting the formulation of electrospinning solution and spinning process. The addition of PLL into PLA could improve the hydrophilicity of electrospun PLA/PLL products.
Research Progress of Coal Flocculat in Recent Years
Authors: Zhang Dong Chen , Yan Jia , Wang Tao , Zhou Qian Qian
Published: October 2014

Flocculant put in coal slime water is an important method to improve the sedimentation effect of fine coal. This paper analyses the application type and characteristic of coal flocculants, and the research progress of coal flocculants in recent years. The results show that a large number of coal inorganic electrolyte flocculant and organic macromolecule flocculant will lead to environment pollution and harming people’s health. But coal microorganism flocculant not only has characteristic of traditional coal flocculating agent, but also has many special characteristic such as biodegradation. The coal microorganiam flocculants will make a great development and application in the future.
Effects of Nitrate Concentration on Heterotrophic Denitrification in Wastewater Using Poly (Butylene Succinate) as a Carbon Source and Carrier
Authors: Luo Guo Zhi , Sun Wen Jing , Liu Qian , Hu Yu , Tan Hong Xin
Published: October 2014

Biodegradable polymer pellets (BDPs) can act as biofilm carrier and as water insoluble carbon source for denitrification simultaneously, which is accessible only by enzymatic attack. It is expected that organic carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification by using BDPs will not be overdose or shortage. The current batch experiment was conducted to examine if the PBS would supply enough carbon source to the denitrification with high concentration nitrate. The initial nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations were 100 mg NO3-N/l (T1), 300 mg NO3-N/l (T2) and 500 mg NO3-N/l (T3) respectively. The results showed that the initial nitrate concentrations have significant effects on the removal of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) using PBS as carbon source. The efficiencies of removal of nitrate and TN in T1 were almost 100%. The amounts of NO3--N and TN that were removed in T2 were 286.60±6.66 mg NO3-N/g PBS (in dry wt), which was significantly higher than that of T1 and T3. Accumulation of ammonium and nitrite were observed in T2 and T3. The morphological changes and the weight losses observed for PBS granules indicated that good degradation occurred in static denitrification environments. But the insufficient of carbon sources for denitrification in T2 and T3 was observed.
Screening and Characterization of a Bacterium Capable of Simultaneous Heterotrophic Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification at High Concentrations of Ammonia-Nitrogen
Authors: Wang Te , Liu Zhao Xia , Wu Mei Juan , Kang Fu Hui , Chen Qing , Song Yao Jun , Zhang Ling Hua
Published: October 2014

A bacterium capable of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification at high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen was screened and identified and the denitrification property was investigated in this paper. The strain was isolated from aeration tank of wastewater disposed by activated sludge and analyzed and identified by 16S rDNA. The effects of different carbon sources and carbon and nitrogen mass ratios on denitrification rate were studied. The changes of various forms of ammonia-nitrogens during the simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification process were characterized. A strain capable of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification at 600 mg/L nitrogen concentration has been isolated and screened. Comparison of its 16S rDNA sequence showed 100% similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain Lr124/6. The strain was named as Bacillus sp. A22. The optimal conditions for degradation of ammonia-nitrogen by Bacillus sp. A22 were trisodium citrate as carbon source and carbon and nitrogen mass ratios of 10. The denitrification rate was 98.2% after 96 h of culture under the optimal conditions and there was hardly any intermediates accumulation in the denitrification process. It has practical applications that the denitrification can be performed efficiently at high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen by method of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by Bacillus sp. A22 in nitrogen purification treatment of wastewater with high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Oxytetracycline Bacteria Residue in the Process of Fertilizing
Authors: Meng Xian Lin , Miao Yang , Zhu Ying , Cao Xiao Hui
Published: October 2014

This study uses identification of hazards, predicting no-effect concentration, predicting environmental concentration and risk characterization to assess the ecological risk of oxytetracycline bacteria residue in fertilizing process, and calculates the ecological risk value about soil microbial, soil-plant, soil animals and soil drug-resistant bacteria. Besides, a risk characterization model of oxytetracycline bacteria residue in soil is built. The results show that the ecological risk in alluvial soil and black soil are negligible, and the ecological risk in red soil can be reduced in the untreated condition. All the ecological risk fertilizer in alluvial soil, black soil and red soil are negligible when it is disposal of 80%.
Calculation of Carbon Dioxide Emission in Nanjing City and its Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Li Xiu Mei , Cui Xiang Yu
Published: October 2014

The research estimates the carbon dioxide emissions of energy consumption from 2003 to 2011 using the method in IPCC national greenhouse gases listing guidance, by adopting the method of Kaya identities and Laspeyres index decomposition technique to analyze the influencing factors and the influencing degree. The result shows that the main factors influencing carbon dioxide emissions are energy structure and per capita GDP, and to develop clean energy, to improve energy structure are important choice to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of energy consumption, realize low carbon in the future. This research provides an important reference to protect the environment and to promote the sustainable development of economy.
Research on a "Green" Industry Chain of Phosphate Fertilizer
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Yan Xin , Yao Yan Fei
Published: October 2014

In the production of phosphate fertilizer, large amounts of phosphorus gypsum can be produced, which can be used for the preparation of ammonium sulfate. In which process, a large number of secondary emissions-calcium carbonate residue can be produced as well, whose main mineral composition was CaCO3. Calcium carbonate residue can be conversion to high activity Lime by roasting at high temperature. This research used high solid/gas ratio suspended roasting technology to deal with calcium carbonate residue, and built a calcium carbonate residue test preparation of active lime production line with Wengfu Group at 2011,earned product with 97.7% CaCO3 apparent decomposition rate,59% CaO content and with high activity(160s to 180s).Relative to the traditional roasting device such as rotary kiln and shaft kiln, suspended roasting has a better thermal efficiency (4402kJ/kg), which can be used for large-scale industrial production. And this process will not generate new secondary emissions,thus we can get a complete "green" phosphate fertilizer industry chain.
Double-Rotor Continuous Mixer Mixing Rubber Components of a Computer Simulation Analysis
Authors: Fu Ping
Published: October 2014

In this paper, using the finite element software of ADINA to analyze and simulate the meshing rotor element of the double rotor in the block rubber continuous mixer in the computer, the paragraphs games pressure, viscosity, shear stress field are analyzed. Through simulation analysis we found that mesh mixing rotor element type in rubber mixing process has strong shear, tensile, compression, stirring, mixing and the axial reciprocating cutting action on the rubber, realize the better dispersion and distribution mixing all kinds of material, reached good mixing effect. Rubber mixing rotor continuous component of three dimensional flow field’s simulation provides reliable theoretical basis and technical parameters for optimal design of rubber mixing rotor.
Characteristics Study of Sewage Source Heat Pump System Based on Heat Transfer Enhancement and Acoustic Cavitation Decontamination
Authors: Qian Jian Feng , Liu Ya Yuan
Published: October 2014

Put forward an application of ultrasonic cavitation technology of the sewage source heat pump system to solve the problem of controlling pollution and emphatically discusses the principle of acoustic cavitation and the effect, to conduct a feasibility analysis of Anti-fouling in sewage source heat pump sewage side. Through analysis principle of ultrasonic cavitation and heat transfer enhancement for carrying the experiment, study the pattern of scaling in heat exchange tube for different velocity and viscosity, effect in flow rate on the ultrasonic cleaning wastewater, Effect in ultrasonic treatment time on the descaling result. Obtain that it can enhancement transfer for 48%.
The Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Rapeseed Oil/Diesel Blended Fuel
Authors: Wang Chang Yue , Chen Hai Long
Published: October 2014

In the experiment, the combustion and emission characteristics to burning different mixing ratio of rapeseed oil and diesel in a diesel engine was measured and analysissed. The mechanism of rapeseed oil / diesel blended fuel exhaust pollutants generated was discussed. The study results showed that: in the same stable conditions, fuel consumption rate increased with the rise in the proportion of rapeseed oil added, diesel combustion emissions of HC emissions was increasing with the rise in the proportion of rapeseed oil added, CO, NOx and soot emissions decreased with the rise in the proportion of rapeseed oil added.
Sparse Incremental Delta-Bar-Delta for System Identification
Authors: Liu Ying , Ye Yan , Li Chun Guang
Published: October 2014

Metalearning algorithm learns the base learning algorithm, targeted for improving the performance of the learning system. The incremental delta-bar-delta (IDBD) algorithm is such a metalearning algorithm. On the other hand, sparse algorithms are gaining popularity due to their good performance and wide applications. In this paper, we propose a sparse IDBD algorithm by taking the sparsity of the systems into account. Thenorm penalty is contained in the cost function of the standard IDBD, which is equivalent to adding a zero attractor in the iterations, thus can speed up convergence if the system of interest is indeed sparse. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the competing algorithms in sparse system identification.
Regional Economic and Social Harmonious Degree Evaluation Model Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set
Authors: Luo Da Rong , Xiao Jian Hua , Guo Kai Zhong
Published: October 2014

The harmonious degree is an essential factor evaluating the coordinative development of economy and society. It’s a typical multi-criteria evaluation problem to access the degree. For the vagueness and uncertainty of assessing information, an evaluation model using intuitionistic fuzzy set is proposed in this paper to assess regional economic and social harmonious degree objectively. In the model, the initial weight is set by intuitionistic fuzzy entropy, the correction weight is set according to the common people’s preference of subjective emotion, Thus the combination weight is get by merging the above two weights. And the assessing score is calculated by weighted aggregation operator integrating the assessing information. Finally, an example assessing the harmonious degree of five cities in Pearl River Delta of China shows the effectiveness of the model.
The Research of Reconfigurable Embedded System Based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Lie , Xu Xiao Jie , Chen Jian
Published: October 2014

Design a reconfigurable modulator by applying the method of hardware and software co-design on an FPGA chip. The system is divided into a fixed region and a reconfigurable region, and is used to realize the reconstruction of modulating by ASK, FSK or PSK. We completed the design using three tools, EDK,ISE and PlanAhead which are provided by Xilinx, and verified it on the ML403 development board. It was showed that the system realized the partial reconfigurable function, and improved the resource utilization and reconfiguration time.
FPGA-Based Dual-Polling Control System Design in WSN
Authors: Liu Zheng Gang , Ding Hong Wei , Guo Jia , Ma Xiao Hui , Xiong Jia Long
Published: October 2014

With the rapid development of WSN and the increasing of data speed, optimize of access technology becomes more and more realistic. This paper based on dual-polling protocol solves the QoS in WSN. On the basis of "Priority-based Polling Scheme for Traffic Differentiation", this paper conducted a dual-polling system based on FPGA design. By using the different network transmission priority setting, complete the optimization of network scheduling strategy. The control system has the advantages of high reliability, low delay, strong scalability, and high transmission efficiency.
State Analysis and Life Evaluation on Reformer Furnace Pipe Used for 100000hrs
Authors: Ma Li Feng , Gao Yi Min
Published: October 2014

The state analysis and life evaluation of the reformer furnace run over service period by EPMA, microstructure and high temperature rupture property. The results show that element distribution and microstructure of reformer furnace pipes normal and the remaining life is longer. The material of furnace pipe for the HK40 are able to meet the process requirement, but the wall thickness of reformer pipe is too large, affecting the thermal efficiency and the inner diameter is small to limit the catalyst and flow. It is good proposal to production enterprises that higher level of material is selected to reduce the wall thickness properly, expand the diameter and improve efficiency.
Metal/Ceramic Laminar Composite Immersion Heater for Heating Hot Dip Galvanizing Zinc Kettle
Authors: Ma Rui Na , Cao Xiao Ming , Du An , Herd Andrew , Dai Chun Duo
Published: October 2014

A new type of laminar composite material has been developed by the bonding of ceramic and metal with a special agglutinate metal. A tube can be made of the laminar composite material and this tube can perform as an outer sheath of an immersion heater. Such heaters can be made to lager size and can be heated using a wide range of energy sources including electricity, gas and oil. Moreover this new heater tube is low cost and has a long working life, is convenient to use and requires little maintenance. This technology allows all kinds of zinc kettle to be heated by immersion heaters.
Numerical Modelling of Historical Masonry Structures
Authors: Brozovsky Jiri , Jašek Marek , Mynarzová Lucie , Maluchová Markéta
Published: October 2014

The paper discusses selected aspects on numerical modelling of historical masonry structures. Linear elastic material models are mentioned first, and then non-linear models are discussed. The paper includes several examples of solutions which have been done with use of these models. There is also an example of results which can be obtained from anon-linear analysis of masonry structures. The finite element method is used for computations.
Dowel Type Joints in Agglomerated Wood
Authors: Vavrusova Kristyna , Lokaj Antonín , Valíček Pavel
Published: October 2014

The objectives of this paper are base characteristics of single-shear joints in elements of agglomerated wood. These characteristics (deformation and embedment strength) are determined on the basis of destructive laboratory testing (proceeded according to valid standards for destructive laboratory testing). Second part of this paper describes comparison of numerically and laboratory determined bearing capacity of these joints.
The Failure Mechanism and Finite Element Analysis of Recycled Concrete Two-Way Slabs with Stud-Shear Reinforcement
Authors: Luo Jian , Zong Yu , Du Chen Xu
Published: October 2014

This paper is a detailed study on the recycled concrete two-way slabs with stud-shear reinforcement, failure mode and failure mechanism are given. Further, by using the ABAQUS nonlinear finite element software to simulate the punching failure of recycled concrete two-way slabs with anchor bolts.Through the reasonable choice of the material property parameters 、the geometric parameters、the boundary conditions to get the reasonable results. In this paper, the conclusion can be used to provide the basis and reference in improving the punching resistance and ductility of the recycled concrete two-way slabs.
Back Analysis Methods in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Hrubesova Eva , Mohyla Marek
Published: October 2014

The paper deals with the back analysis method in geotechnical engineering, that goal is evaluation the more objective and reliable parameters of the rock mass on the basis of in-situ measurements. Stress, deformational, strength and rheological parameters of the rock mass are usually determined by some inaccuracies and errors arising from the complexity and variability of the rock mass. This higher or lower degree of imprecision is reflected in the reliability of the mathematical modelling results. The paper presents the utilization of direct optimization back analysis method, based on the theory of analytical functions of complex variable and Kolosov-Muschelischvili relations, to the evaluation of initial stress state inside the rock massif.
Seismic Load Analysis around the Temporary Bridge Construction before and after Vibration Mats Installation
Authors: Pinka Miroslav , Stolárik Martin , Fojtík Roman , Novotný Tomáš
Published: October 2014

Bridges are important element of transport system. If they are damaged, they must be replaced quickly. For this purpose, a number of temporary engineer equipment is used. Also, the bridge in the Czech Republic by small town Hustopeče nad Bečvou was replaced by this way. But the temporary solution has become a permanent solution. Engineer constructions, however, have a number of shortages and therefore, it was decided to modify them using anti-vibration mats. This is the first application of this type of mats, and it is necessary to detect any adverse impact on the bridge and its surroundings. The paper presents an analysis of the dynamic response upper layers of the bridge geological surroundings. The experimental seismic measurements were realized before mats installation and after it. All measurements were performed in amplitude and frequency area and the results were drawn as attenuation curves. The vibrations were also analysed according to the Czech relevant standards.
Ground Improvement by a Nonparallel Layout of Soil Nails
Authors: Vojtasik Karel , Chodacki Milan , Hochsmann Tomas
Published: October 2014

Soil nails are components retaining a ground to give it support particular in cases when the ground doesn’t satisfy fully the requirements and it is expected an excessive deformation or the worst a collapse. Today in all geotechnical applications the soil nails are arranged in the simplest way i.e. they are all parallel and almost perpendicular the boundary face of the ground body to be bound. Submitted article is a feasibility study on application the soil nails in another a nonparallel scheme of nails arrangement. The nails are located in two closely adjacent parallel plains. The nails are inclined in each plain with regard to a boundary face of the ground body and the nail inclination heads in opposite direction in each plain. This way the nails build up a quasi-web scheme in the ground. Article analyzes the effect of the quasi-web scheme nails arrangement on the ground and looks for an exact solution to evaluate effect on ground strength and strain behavior. The force balance approach is employed for the exact analysis.
The Utilization of Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) for Research Purpose in the Campus of VSB - Technical University of Ostrava
Authors: Bujok Petr , Klempa Martin , Porzer Michal , Kunz Antonín , Pospíšil Pavel , Vojčinák Petr , Sekerášová Michaela
Published: October 2014

The largest been realized installations of heat pumps in the Czech Republic, where the primary collector of low-potential heat is formed deep wells, is heating complex building of new Auditorium and CIT in campus of VSB Technical University of Ostrava. This building represents two independent functional units (Auditorium with side halls and Information Technology Centre - CIT) with a total floor area of 9234 m2. The original project planned compound heating using district heating as a primary source of heat. Heating the object itself is a combination of floor heating systems and hot-air heaters. During project preparation has changed the project heating and a modern, technically unique and highly cost-effective solution has been designed with heat pump (type rock-water). Currently building heats 10 heat pumps with a total output of 700 kW through 110 wells with a depth of 130 m each. To assess the proportions of individual internal and external sources to the overall heat balance, the verification of systems designed for long-term monitoring of the behaviour of the rock massive around the energy used wells and energy storage options have been proposed and gradually implemented two research measuring polygons. They are located in the area of energy utilized wells. Each of the monitoring wells is instrumented with sensors at a certain depth. This article discusses the implementation of research polygons on experience with the excavation of wells using temperature sensors, a data acquisition system and finally outlines the possibilities of evaluating the measurement data.
Comparative Analysis of Energy Certification in Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Jura Jakub , Šuštiaková Marianna , Ďurica Pavol , Ulewicz Małgorzata
Published: October 2014

The article presents the main acts on the energy certification in the European Union. Discusses the regulations and laws introducing energy certification in Poland. Specifies limit values in primary energy for buildings in Poland. Also the legal acts relating to the methodology for calculating the energy certificates were described. Moreover legislation introducing energy certificates in Slovakia and the methods of calculating the energy certificates were presented. The energy certification between Poland and Slovakia were compared.
Diagnostics and Optimization of Airtightness in Experimental Wooden Structures
Authors: Hrubá Barbora , Oravec Pavel , Labudek Jiri
Published: October 2014

This contribution summarizes the authors’ experience in the field of undesired permeability in experimental wooden structures. The path to nearly perfect insulation leads through the successful identification of defects during the building process. Defects are best detected by using precise measuring tools prior to covering air-tight surfaces of the structure, followed by careful insulation and repeated measurements. An experimental wooden structure has undergone this process a total of eight times. The measuring team has recorded multiple incidents of permeability on this structure. For this reason, added attention is focused on suggesting solutions for improved reliability in the area of insulation.
Built-In Moisture Process in Structure with Damaged Waterproofing after the Application of Thermal Insulation Boards
Authors: Břenek Aleš , Václavík Vojtěch , Dvorský Tomáš , Daxner Jaromír , Dirner Vojtech
Published: October 2014

The article deals with energy rehabilitation of a building with damaged waterproofing of its lower structure. The reference construction is made of fired bricks, whose functional properties are perfectly fine, but the thermal insulation properties are insufficient for this time. The most common solution of such a problem is the application of a thermal insulating material based on expanded polystyrene on the building envelope. Unfortunately, these solutions often entail the risk of moisture problems in places that appeared to be dry before. The article compares the current solution with the new one relying on material based on calcium silicate [4] with high moisture transport capabilities as an alternative insulation of these buildings.
The Importance of Tourism in Preserving of Architectonic Zones
Authors: Pinto Luís M. , Carvalho Paulo , País Luís
Published: October 2014

A building can be a piece of art on the same level as pictures. This notion is argued by many scholars, yet a building designed in a way that can both satisfy practical needs and cause aesthetical pleasure is equal to a painting. The actual situation of the architectural culture, its incongruities and the quantity of architectural production which increases day by day, leads us according to Manfredo Tafuri in his book Theory and History of Architecture, to be facing an unconscious effort. This effort on one hand dictates the death of Architecture and on the other hand the discovery of a new dimension and conception of the architectural application in real life. As referred by Umberto Eco there must be a dialog between the subject and the object. Tourism could give a push into the maintenance of architecture quality, and preserving of architectonic historical zones. So what is the purpose of the tourism realm in the 21st century?