bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL PRUNING ON AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS OF SAVANNAH TEA (LIPPIA MULTIFLORA L., VERBENACEAE) IN YAMOUSSOUKRO, CENTRAL COTE DIVOIRE
Authors: Kouame N. , Voui B.B.N.B. , Gnamien Y.G. , Kouassi K.A. , Kouassi N.J. , Kouadio Y.J.
Published: September 2022

On Yamoussoukro autonomous district, a study on the ability of Lippia multiflora L. (Verbenaceae) to shoot and grow was carried out at six soil height levels: 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The objectif was to determine the favourable levels of pruning for better leaf production. From 28 samples grouped in 7 batches, the pruning was carried out. After 3 months of vegetation, the agronomic parameters of vigour were determined. The results showed that various growth parameters such as number of buds, number of leaves per bud, bud height, leaf length and width as well as budding time and leaf span were measured. Receiving levels at 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm from the ground resulted in good leaf production and bud growth.
CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, ATTITUDE, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BLENDED LEARNINGIN BASIC EDUCATION IN THE NEW NORMAL
Authors:   Department of Education, Bukidnon DivisionLiceo de Cagayan University., Monteros-Lyerly Jasmin
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted in Baungon Districts 1 and 2 and Talakag District 1. The study utilized correlational and causal research designs. A total of 295 teachers selected at random served as participants. The statistical tools used in the data analyses were frequency and percentage for the demographic profile, the mean and standard deviation to determine the challenges, opportunities, attitudes, and level of implementation of the blended learning modality. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find out the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to establish which of the independent variable/s singly or in combination influenced the level of implementation. The teaching profession is dominated by female teachers. Technological, instructional, collaboration and assessment and evaluation are significant challenges. Pedagogical principles, flexibility, creativity, time management, and collaboration are substantial opportunities. A high positive attitude of teachers and highly implemented blended learning are in place. The blended learning modality is influenced by sex, teaching experience, technical, collaboration, assessment and evaluation, pedagogical principles, creativity, and attitude.
A STUDY ON THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID 19 WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO D DIMER AND FERRITIN AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE
Authors:   Associate Professor, Dept of Medicine, Jorhat Medical College., Sonowal Naruttam , Saikia Nirmita ,   Registrar, Dept of Medicine, Jorhat Medical College., Kumar Nath Uttam ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of Medicine, Jorhat Medical College., B. Teli Anju ,   Professor, Dept of Biochemistry, Jorhat Medical College.
Published: September 2022

Aim: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID 19 and to determine the correlation between severity of the disease and the level of D DIMER and ferritin, in patients admitted in Jorhat Medical College and Hospital- Materials and Methods: A total of 241 patients diagnosed to be cases of COVID 19 were recruited from the Covid ward of Jorhat Medical College. Results: Study results showed 49.59% patients had fever and 42.56% patients had respiratory distress. The mean D-dimer levels in mild, moderate and severe were 0.72(g/L),1.33(g/L) and 1.76(g/L) respectively. There was statistically significant difference among the 3 groups with p value <0.0001. The mean ferritin level in mild, moderate and severe were 168.83 ng/ml, 327.62 ng/ml and 681.10 ng/ml respectively. There was statistically significant difference among the 3 groups with p value <0.0001. Serum D dimer and ferritin levels were also found to be increased in patients with higher CT severity score. Conclusion: Serum D dimer and ferritin levels can be used as predictors of severity of covid 19 and the outcome in hospitalised patients.
ALL INDIA SURVEY ON HIGHER EDUCATION: DOES THE DATA IMPACT POLICIES?
Authors:   Deputy Registrar (MPDD), Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi., Ahmad Abrar , Sikandar M.A. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Management and Commerce, Maulana Azad National Urdu University (MANUU), Hyderabad.
Published: September 2022

Higher education institutions have three core functions, namely teaching and learning, research and community engagement. In a country like India education surveys involving million of students enrolled in various Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with low response rates can be a major concern. It is a big challenge for the country to achieve the target of gross enrolment ratio (GER) in HEIs to 50 percent by 2035 as set by the National Education Policy (NEP)-2020. The paper is focuses on the issues related to non-responses in submission of student enrolment data or non participation by HEIs in the All India Survey on Higher Education Survey (AISHE), which is annually conducted by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. The paper pinpoints the bottlenecks created in the higher education system with some pointers to the problems. The present study is an attempt to explore and highlight the response of uploading or providing the statistical information to AISHE to highlight the issue which may impact the purpose of the Survey itself. The study elucidates the growth and comparison of the response and non-response of the Universities and their participation in All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE). It also aims to examine the types of the Universities responding and non-responding and their trends. The paper is expected to help the policy makers and researchers in understanding the moving trend of higher education and its direct and indirect impact on the higher education due to non-response of the Institutions.
HEMATOMA OF THE CHIN FOLLOWING TRAUMA - CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors:   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Dentistry, AKVN Charity hospital, Avinashi, Tiruppur., Kumar R.S Asok , Babu S. Santhosh ,   Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, TS Dental Care, Coimbatore., S. Karthikeyan ,   Head of Department, Department of Dentistry, AKVN Charity Hospital, Avinashi, Tiruppur.
Published: September 2022

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and maxillofacial injuries are more common in Road traffic accident. Post traumatic hematoma is more common and a self limiting one. Hematoma in maxillofacial injury following an RTA is usually associated with fracture of facial bones. It occurs mainly due to breach in periosteum and osseous bleeding from fractured bone segments. Here we present a case report of expanding post traumatic hematoma following RTA with no associated fractures and its management.
Infant Feeding Practice and Maternal Factors Influencing Exclusive Breast Feeding: A Cross-sectional Study in Warrap State, South Sudan
Authors: Ujjiga Thomas Tako Akim
Published: September 2022

Infant and young child feeding is critical for children's health and survival in South Sudan. No association between maternal demographic information, feeding practice, and Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) was hypothesized. A 3-month descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate into infant feeding practice, prevalence, and the effect of maternal demographic features on EBF in rural areas of Warrap State, South Sudan. 420 breastfeeding mothers were administered structured questionnaires. Odd Ratio (OR), Confidence Interval (CI) and P value < 0.005 were used. The results showed that the mean age of breastfeeding mothers was 26.6 years. They were unemployed housewives with little or no education, delivering at home with good antenatal care. Neonates were breastfed immediately after birth and provided with colostrum (OR = 0.48, CI = (0.11-1.45). Supplementary feeding was mainly cow milk and was introduced six months ago, with Malaria as common during EBF. Knowledge of breastfeeding practice was adequate, and most women lived as single families with shared compounds and were well supported by other family members with the best economic independence practice. The provision of colostrum and prior knowledge on EBF were significantly associated with breastfeeding practice (P< 0.005) which was reflected on the prevalence of 89.04%. In conclusion, this study shows that the infant feeding practice of breastfeeding women with family support has removed barriers to EBF. Further research is needed to improve EBF practice and identify other significant maternal factors influencing EBF in rural communities for the sustainable development of children's health in South Sudan. Keywords: Children Health, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Rural Communities, South Sudan.
Impact of Parity of Women on their Uptake of Family Planning in Rural and Urban Areas of FCT, Nigeria
Authors: Esther Ogundana Adejoke
Published: September 2022

There is a need for an improvement in the uptake of family planning by women of childbearing age due to the high number of births observed in Nigeria. There are several factors that play an important role in the use of family planning, and among the factors is the number of children delivered by a woman. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 women of childbearing age in two different settings (rural and urban), the association between the number of children by these women and the women’s attitude and uptake of family planning was studied. At p-value <0.05, a statistical significance was observed in the association between the number of children and the women’s attitude in the rural setting with X2=43.661, p = 0.02, and among the women in the urban setting with X2 = 44.189, p = 0.02. A statistical significance was observed for their uptake of family planning in the rural setting only with X2 = 10.343, p = 0.32, while no significance was observed for their uptake of family planning in the urban setting. This study showed that most women who have delivered one child or more have a good attitude toward the uptake of family planning. It showed that women’s attitudes and uptake of family planning could be influenced by the number of children they already have or the family size. Family planning program strategies and family planning messages targeting women who have large family sizes should be created. Keywords: Family planning, Rural, Urban, Uptake, Women of childbearing age.
Evaluation of Perception towards Capacity Building Programs and Workforce Skills in HIV/AIDS Supply Chain Management in Nigeria
Authors: Aguora Sunday O
Published: September 2022

This study on the evaluation of perception towards capacity building programs and workforce skills in HIV/AIDS supply chain management in Nigeria comprised of research objectives and questions. A structured self-completion pre-tested questionnaire (422) was administered to respondents, 396 were completed and returned, with a response rate of (93. 8%). The respondents (mostly managers, supervisors, specialists, advisors, and officers) were drawn from all levels of the HIV/AIDS supply chain sector and work, the majority from national and state levels, with significant experience and workable knowledge of supply chain management. The study revealed that perception towards capacity-building programs and workforce skills in supply chain management reflects reality and entails a good understanding of the HIV/AIDS supply chain management system, mean ± standard deviation score (3.695 ± 0.889 and 3.455±0.643) on a Likert scale of 1-5 (5-point scale) respectively. Reliability analysis was carried out, and Cronbach’s alpha (α) showed the questionnaire reached acceptable reliability, α = 0.886 (perception towards capacity building programs), and less reliable, α = 0.071 (perception towards workforce skills) in HIV/AIDS supply chain management. Inferential analysis revealed that socio-demographic characteristics such as age, years of experience, and job title/rank influence the perception of workforce skills in supply chain management (P<0.05). Federal and State Ministries of Health should ensure proper and effective supervision to prevent the workforce from having a wrong understanding of its capacity-building programs and workforce skills to avoid its harmful effect.
The Prevalence of Sexual and Gender-based Violence among MSM and Transwomen in Nigeria
Authors: Morka Mercy Chinenye
Published: September 2022

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) against minority populations is a global public health problem with consequential effects on human health and development. It has been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen in forms of verbal abuse and physical and sexual violence. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of SGBV among MSM and transwomen in Nigeria. It was cross-sectional in design utilizing a snowballing method to recruit participants. A total of 382 responses were received through an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 5%. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 27(0.3) years. About 35 % (95%CI: 30.2-39.8) of all respondents had ever experienced sexual violence, and 42.1 % (95%CI: 37.3-47.2) had ever experienced physical violence. The prevalence of sexual violence within one year preceding the study was 13.8% (95%CI: 10.8-17.5), while physical violence was 16.3% (95%CI: 13.0-20.2). Transwomen were about thrice (odds ratio: 2.92, p<0.01) and 5.6 times (p<0.001) more likely to experience sexual and physical violence respectively than MSM self-identified as males. Transwomen were also about 3 times more likely to experience IPV than MSM self-identified as males (odds ratio: 2.92, p<0.01). One-fifth (18.1%) of all respondents had ever experienced IPV, and for transwomen, it was 1 in 3. This study showed a high prevalence of both sexual and physical violence among MSM and transwomen in Nigeria, and this necessitate the creation of a legal framework that will protect their rights. Keywords: Gaymen, Gender-based violence, Men who have sex with men, Prevalence, Sexual violence, Transwomen.
Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Makululu Compound of Kabwe district, Zambia
Authors: Hazemba Melody Chinyama Kusweje
Published: September 2022

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem globally. About 376 million new infections of the four main curable STIs are reported annually. In Zambia, as well as in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, STIs are a major public health problem. Studies conducted mostly in the urban areas of Zambia show that the majority of young people engage in risky sexual behavior despite evidence suggesting widespread awareness about STIs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with STIs among women of child-bearing age in the Kabwe district, employing a cross-sectional study design. The sample size was 405, and data was collected using structured interview questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that women engaged themselves in sexual activity at a much younger age of between 16-20 years. Despite women having a high level of knowledge of STIs, some still were involved in having more than one sexual partner, and this was statistically significant. Inconsistency in condom use by women was a risk factor in influencing a history of STI, and their attitudes showed that they have misconceptions regarding condom use, as some participants felt that condoms were not safe to use to prevent STIs during a sexual encounter. The current study, therefore, revealed that knowledge of STI alone is not adequate in providing protection from STI contraction and that behavioral factors must always be taken into consideration for any effective intervention. Keywords: Condom, knowledge, STIs, Women.
A Retrospective Analysis to Review Access of HIV Self-testing During SARS-COV-2 Lockdown in Eswatini Community Settings, Eswatini: Quantitative Methods Study
Authors: Mdluli Nokuthula
Published: September 2022

The HIV self-testing (HIVST) program was introduced to reach people living with HIV who are still undiagnosed and also to ensure that HIV-negative individuals get access to effective HIV prevention services. HIV self-testing offers a discreet and convenient way to test, with the potential to reach individuals in need of HIV testing services but who may not otherwise test. The purpose of this study was to uncover access to HIVST during the first SARS-COV-2 lockdown period in 2020. This was a cross-sectional design approach that applied the RE-AIM framework principle. The study used historical data from the four regions in Eswatini (Shiselweni, Manzini, Lubombo, and Hhohho). These regions were selected based on ensuring adequate coverage and representativeness. Data were analysed using bivariate logistic regression analysis in Stata15 to assess the association between categorical variables, and the level of significance was set at a P-value less than 0.05. The results showed a total of 6158 clients were reached with HIVST kits. A total of 3031 (50%) were females, and 3127(51%) were males, and more outcomes were based on risk profiles and age. It is concluded that HIVST is one key strategy in reaching males who ordinarily lag when it comes to HIV testing services in Eswatini. These results show that access to HIV self-testing during the lockdown period in Eswatini illustrated positive advances as it reached the most at-risk population groups and has a potential for extended sustained use to benefit specific high-HIV-risk population groups. Keywords: Access, HIV-Self testing, Risk, SARS-COV-2, Population.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Women Within Reproductive Age in Mukura Sub County in Ngora District Eastern Uganda
Authors: Julius Oloit
Published: September 2022

Ngora district had a total of 3,248 under-five deaths in 2015 (Reproductive maternal newborn and child health report (2015). Ngora Fredica hospital registered 5 maternal deaths on September 6 and 11 in November in 2016. In total 22 maternal deaths in 3 months, 5 deaths are from Nora sub-county with high number of women with morbidity such as foot drop, ill health, maternal exhaustion, and fistulas. The purpose of the study was to assess factors that influence birth preparedness and complications readiness among community women of child-bearing age (15-49 years). Bivariate analysis with an unadjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence level was performed to determine the factors that were associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among women within reproductive age. Age (15-19 years COR = 1.68, p-value 0.000), Education level (no formal education COR = 6.1, p-value 0.000), Occupation (housewife not working COR = 4.58, p-value 0.000), Marital status (Single mothers COR = 2.60, p-value 0.000), Number of children (more than 6 children COR = 2.95, p-value 0.000), Distance to the health facility (Not walkable COR = 5.29, p-value 0.000), Cost of transport to the health facility (Not affordable COR = 4.91, p-value 0.010), Perceptions COR = 6.14, p-value 0.000, Knowledge (lack of knowledge on dander signs of birth complications COR = 3.19, p-value 0.000, Practice (not attending ANC COR = 2.95, p-value 0.000) and Practice (delivering from home COR = 3.80, p-value 0.006). Keywords: Birth preparedness, Birth Complication readiness, Reproductive age.
A Systematic Review of Drug Therapy Problems Commonly Faced by Renal Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria
Authors: Egbeyemi Oluwafemi Olumide
Published: September 2022

Victims of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually present with multi-morbid conditions and are later prescribed poly-pharmacy to contest these conditions leading to drug-drug interactions (DDI). This systematic review determines CKD prevalence, evaluates the relationships of CKD with drug therapy problems (DTPs), and provides possible interventions in Nigeria. PubMed, African Journal Online, BMC, and Google search between June 2005 and December 2019 for studies on the prevalence of CKD and pattern of DDIs in Nigeria. Sixty-three were evaluated, 40 were excluded, and only 23 were included in the final data analysis after realistic selection for quality assessment. Ten studies showed the prevalence of CKD, 13 DTPs, and DDIs. Two articles identified 24.4 % and 26 % prevalence of CKD, four studies had 12.3 %, 14.2 %, 2.5 % and 13.4. One study revealed a prevalence of CKD (11.4 %), two separate studies had a prevalence of CKD (of 7.8 %), and another two in Southwestern Nigeria had different CKD prevalences of 7.5 % and 27.6 %. Seven showed higher percentages of CKD in women than men. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, old age, elevated blood pressure, family history of renal disease, low-income occupations, abdominal obesity, and habitual intake of analgesics and herbs were the most common risk factors in CKD. Studies categorized furosemide, lisinopril, and amlodipine as commonly prescribed drugs, and ferrous sulfate and calcium carbonate were identified as DDIs. Clinical pharmacists and other prescribers should develop ways to administer drugs in co-morbidity for a special population like CKD to prevent DDIs peril. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease prevalence, Co-morbidity, Drug-Drug Interactions, Drug therapy problems.
Covid-19 Lockdown Health Consequences for Residents of Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State
Authors: A. A Amore,
Published: September 2022

Residents of Ilorin South Local Government Area (LGA), Kwara State, Nigeria, were studied to see how Covid-19 lockdown affected their health. The survey was descriptive in nature. For this investigation, a total of 300 inhabitants were chosen using a multi-stage sampling process. Data was collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.69. To describe the demographic characteristics of the participants, data was analyzed using percentages. The research question was answered using mean and rank order. Hypothesis one was examined with an independent t-test, while hypotheses two, three, and four were assessed with a 0.05 alpha level Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that residents suffered an upsurge in substance use, sadness, anxiety, and loneliness as a result of the Covid-19 lockdown. They however did not suffer from obesity or change in eating habits. There were statistical significant differences in health consequences of covid-19 lockdown on residents based on gender (t (298) = 3.78, p˃0.05), age (F (4, 295) =13.725, p˂0.05), based on educational status (F (5, 294) =7.956, p˂0.05) and occupational status (F(3, 296) =22.041, p˂0.05). Given that the pandemic is still present, and people are becoming infected on a daily basis, there is a chance of another lockdown, and it was suggested, among others, that people should try to stay active by engaging and occupying themselves with learning new useful skills that will allow them to remain productive during the lockdown. This could help to mitigate the negative health effects of loneliness and anxiety during the lockdown. Keywords: Anxiety, Covid-19, Health Implications, Lockdown, Obesity, Residents.
Descriptive Analysis of Treatment Regimens used in the Management of Covid -19 in an Urban Area During the First Six Months of 2021
Authors: Hilal Iqbal
Published: September 2022

Covid 19 is an acute viral infection affecting the main respiratory system. Treatment practices were based on technical guidance from national health authorities, WHO, and CDC Atlanta. The study was aimed at enhancing the understanding of treatment practices for Covid 19. The study was based on a descriptive analysis of records of hundred patients in an urban health facility. 54% were females. 13% received vaccination of the first dose. 24% had known exposure; 39 had a history of co-morbidities. Disease severity was classified as ‘mild (59), moderate (28) and severe (12)’ 76 were managed at home through video-consultation. 42 (55%) were women. 91% treated at home recovered completely. 24 were hospitalized, and 8 of them were admitted in the Covid-19 Intensive care unit (ICU). 33% recovered completely among hospitalized. Covid 19 has affected all age groups, and the median age was 43.5. Elderly and high-risk patients were prone to severe disease. 76% had no history of exposure suggesting community transmission. The diagnosis was based on the clinical status of 6 patients and the rest through RT PCR. All severe patients needed hospitalization. 77% of hospitalized recovered completely. 6% died, indicating close monitoring. Clinical outcome was dependent on disease severity. Complete recovery is possible in the majority of patients (78%). Treatment practices varied from using simple supplements to use of steroids and to anti-viral. Colchicine was prescribed to two patients because of complications Isolation and diligent contact tracing, and timely management helped in containing the spread and effective management of Covid-19. Keywords: Covid-19, Home treatment, recovery, Treatment practices, Treatment outcome.
Assessing Factors Contributing to Unsafe Abortion Practice among Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Bwalya Precious
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to unsafe abortion practices among women of reproductive age. Being a case study, this study used a mixed methodology approach which embraces the best of both qualitative and quantitative approaches, as this approach provides the researcher with both “breadth and depth in” obtaining a holistic understanding of social phenomena. The target population of this study comprised adolescent girls, that is, girls and women aged between 18 years and 25 years who are either in school or have dropped out after falling pregnant. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods and relied on both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis. The results indicate that reforming laws that regulate a highly stigmatized action takes time and may follow years of using multidisciplinary strategies to highlight the public health consequences and costs of unsafe abortion. Zambia is similar to other countries in the region with restrictive abortion laws in that many countries spell out the grounds for when abortion is not punishable in national penal codes. The recommendations are that the government should lift the most egregious barriers to legal services, such as requirements that multiple physicians authorize abortions and that only physicians can provide them. All healthcare professionals who provide abortion must be trained in WHO-recommended techniques, and the use of dilation and curettage must be discontinued. This invasive method should be completely replaced by either medication abortion or vacuum aspiration. Keywords: Abortion, Government, Health, Medical, NGOs.
Determinants of Alcohol Abuse among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Eastern Province, Zambia- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kachuka Alan
Published: September 2022

Research shows that alcohol use among women is increasing. While alcohol misuse by anyone presents serious public health concerns, women who drink have a higher risk of certain alcohol-related problems compared to men. Alcohol consumption in childbearing women is a public health concern because of adverse health implications for the mother and baby. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of abuse of alcohol among women of age group of 18-45 in Ukwimi area of Lusangazi District, Eastern province, Zambia. A cross sectional study was conducted at Ukwimi-A Rural health centre and surrounding community. A sample size of 165 respondents was selected using simple random sampling and data on alcohol abuse in women of child-bearing age was collected using structured questionnaires. From the 165 participants who took alcohol, 78% were youths and 22% adults. 56% were married, 40.4% were single 3% were divorced and 0.6% were widowed. 77% of respondents started to take alcohol due to peer influence and the least, 11% it was due to curiosity. 59% of the respondents had drinking places opened before 10:00 hours and 41% the drinking places opened at or after 10:00 hours. Majority of the women in the study expressed some knowledge on what alcohol abuse is and at the same time were aware of the adverse effects that come with the abuse of alcohol. Alcohol abuse among women of child-bearing age is still on the rise and the majority are the youths. Keywords: Alcohol abuse, Alcohol misuse, Alcohol consumption, Adverse, peer influence, child-bearing age.
Occupational Stress among Nurses in Referral Hospitals in Botswana: Controlling the Risk to Health
Authors: Maphangela Tabby
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of occupational stress among nurses is an endemic problem. This study was undertaken on an academic journey to determine the current levels of occupational stress among nurses in referral hospitals in Botswana. The study used a cross-sectional design aimed at determining the prevalence of occupational stress among nurses in selected referral hospitals. The study was carried out in three referral hospitals, namely- Princess Marina hospital, Nyangabgwe referral hospital, and Sabrana psychiatric hospital. Purposive sampling was used to select the nurses as well as management with the required and relevant experiences. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to get responses from nurses and the management in referral hospitals. The data was sourced from different departments/ units in the referral hospitals. From a total of 98 study participants, 43.8 percent of nurses reported stressful irritable/angry at work. Less than one-third, 30.6% of respondents, reported that they were sometimes not able to sleep due to the fact they normally have to work in different departments/units in referral hospitals. Results from the study show that respondents are very often not coping with what they had to do and are not able to control important things (like work may be) in their lives, respectively statistically significant (p = 0.021< 0.05) and (p = 0.038 < 0.05. A significant percentage of respondents reported occupational stress that is influenced by environmental factors like working in different departments and pressure from work. Keywords- Endemic, Nurses, Occupational stress, Prevalence, Purposive sampling, Stress.
External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Laboratory Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Three-Year Review
Authors: Tolulope Adaran
Published: September 2022

The low detection of tuberculosis cases is a big problem in Nigeria. The rate of accurate diagnosis while ensuring the quality of TB treatment monitoring tool – AFB, with a 90% Pass grade system among the testing laboratories requires to be monitored. Therefore, this study evaluated the external quality assessment (EQA) of TB diagnosis to satisfy laboratory quality requirements in Lagos, Nigeria. This study was conducted using data from 132 laboratories in Lagos, examining 3years retrospective EQA reports from 2019 to 2021. A structured data abstraction chart was employed to extract EQA data from the STBLCP database, while a trained supervisor checked for completeness, clarity, and consistency of data. IBM-SPSS version 28.0 was used for data analysis. The external assessment report showed an improved TB Laboratory diagnostic performance in the 2nd quarter of 2019 and 2020, but a decline was noticed in the 3rd and the 4th quarters. There was an increase in the overall laboratory performance from 94.4% in 2019 to 96.1% in 2020. A significant proportion (79.2%) of the slides assessed in 2019 passed external assessment tests (had a concordant score of 90 and above). However, the performance was significantly better in 2020 (84.2%) and 2021 (88.2%). Laboratories should be upgraded to a world-standard level, and staff should be well-trained, with periodic competency assessments to make reliable diagnoses, while ensuring all testing laboratories are enrolled in EQA program for the measure of quality laboratory services and consistency in service delivery. Keywords: Assessment, Diagnosis, External, Laboratory, Tuberculosis, Quality.
Reflections of the Sultan Murad V Period on the Vienna Press
Authors: KANTEMUR İskender
Published: September 2022

The reign of Sultan Murad V, more precisely, the period of his accession to the throne was coincides in a periode, where the dignitaries struggled to prevent the collapse of the state. The superiority of the European great powers and Russia was obvious and the peoples within the empire fought for their independence. The application of European thoughts, order and management models were discussed and applied. This transformation, which is required by the obligations, is a process that Austria, which is closely interested in the Balkans, also followed with interest. The communiqué known as the Andrassy Note, which was written by the Austrian Prime Minister Andrassy after the joint meetings of Germany, Russia and Austria, and asking for improvements in religion, worship and taxes of non-Muslim peoples, was given just before the reign of Sultan Murad V. The reflections of this short period on the vienna press, in which extremely active and uninterrupted events took place, will be tried to be conveyed in this article. Because almost every day and quite comprehensive news about the period of Sultan Murad V has been made, it was not possible to include all of them. However, the Depositions and the Enthronements of the Sultans and the murders of the Ministers, the Ottoman-Serbian war and the constitutional debates from the basis of my work. Since it is not possible to peruse all the newspapers in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, only Vienna-based newspapers are included. It is possible to reach the newspapers mentioned in the study in the Austrian National Library Digital Archive.
An Investigation of a Determined Statistic About the Rushdiye Schools Existing in the Ottoman State Between 1889-1890
Authors: MENEKŞE Metin
Published: September 2022

The innovation movements that started to be seen in the Ottoman State since the 18th century were developed with the radical reforms carried out during the reigns of Sultan Selim III (1789-1807) and Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839). These innovation movements reached an important level in the axis of modernization with the declaration of the Tanzimat Edict dated November 3, 1839, which was declared during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid (1839-1861). While primary education was made compulsory during the reign of Sultan 2nd Mahmud, Rushdiye Schools were opened to train civil servants for state levels and to fill the gap between primary (sıbyân) and military schools. The first boys' Rushdiye School was opened in Istanbul in 1847, and then Rushdiye schools were tried to be opened in the provincials. After a while, the number of Rushdiye schools increased with the opening of the girls' Rushdiyes and the inclusion of Christian children in the Rushdiye schools. Finally, rushdiyes, continued their official status until 1913, were opened in almost every corner of the empire and played an important role in the spread of modern education.

In this study, a statistics of the years 1889-1890 are emphasized. In this statistic, which was determined in the Ottoman Archives, the distribution of their to administrative units and numbers of the rushdiyes, which were available throughout the country in the years 1889-1890, are given in detail. Rushdiye schools, which provide education in Istanbul and the provincials, were evaluated separately as girls' and boys' schools. This statistic was thought to be important in order to see the all numbers of Rushdiye Schools in 1889-1890 and to determine how many Rushdiye Schools students were active in which administrative unit, and it was tried to be evaluated in this study.
Islahiye District in the Ottoman Provincial Yearbooks from its Establishment to the Early 20th Century (1865-1902)
Authors: KARLANGIÇ Osman
Published: September 2022

In the civil administration, the place under the administration of the district governor is called a kaza(district). Islahiye District was established in 1865 on historical routes that connected countries in ancient times. This new district emerged as a result of the resettlement activities of the Fırka-i Islahiye. While it was affiliated to the Maraş Sanjak since its establishment, it was included in the borders of the newly established Cebel-i Bereket Sanjak in 1879. This change in administrative structure is due to security concerns. The district used to have two districts and two sub-districts. In 1868, the number of neighborhoods increased to three and the number of sub-districts to six. Its neighborhoods are Delikanlu, Çelikanlı and Çerkes. Its districts are Okçu İzzeddinlü, Şıhlar, Keferdiz, Karayiğitli, Delikanlu and Çelikhanlı. The village names of İslahiye District can also be determined from the yearbooks. Over time, the number of villages increased from 60 to 68. The names of state institutions and employees in İslahiye are also included in the provincial yearbooks.

The mountainous parts of İslahiye are covered with forests and the flat areas are a wide plain. There was a river called Karasu in the district, a leech lake in Keller (Fevzipaşa), and a hot spring in the Karayiğitli township. Barracks, mosques, schools, shops, mills, bakeries and coffeehouses were built in the newly created district. In the mentioned settlement, the Muslim population is around 97% and the rate of non-Muslims is less than 3%. Although the tribes of Fırka-i Islahiye were settled, it is understood that the tribes of Delikanlu and Çelikanlı in İslahiye had difficulties in adopting a settled life. The state tried to tie them to the land with permanent residences. There were shrines of Muslim people in the town. Especially the tomb of Hz Ukkaşe, who is a companion, is important. Carpets, rugs, prayer rugs, sackcloth, timber, oil and tar produced in Islahiye District were sold to the surrounding cities. The tribes kept a large number of cattle. Various cereals were grown in Islahiye, which has a fertile plain. However, agricultural production could not be reached to the desired point. Rice, wheat, barley etc. products could only meet local needs. The leech extracted from the small lake in Keller was sold in the surrounding cities.
An Evaluation on the Founder Role of the Seljuk Bey
Authors: BEDİRHANOĞLU Hüseyin Erkan
Published: September 2022

Türkler İç Asya’da çeşitli boylar halinde yaşamışlardır. Farklı Türk boyları buradan birçok coğrafyaya göç etmiştir. Bu göçler İslamiyet öncesinde gerçekleştiği gibi İslamiyet sonrasında da meydana gelmiştir. Türkler gittikleri coğrafyalarda güçlü idari yapı kurarak aynı zamanda hâkimiyet alanlarını da genişletmişlerdir. Göç eden Türk boylarından birisi de Kınık boyuna mensup olan Selçuklular’dır. Selçuklular Türk Tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. 11. yüzyılın ilk yarısında tarih sahnesine güçlü bir biçimde ortaya çıkan Selçuklular, Türk-İslam kültürünün oluşmasında önemli derece rol oynamışlardır. Onlar sahip olduğu bu önem dolayısıyla tarihin ilgi konusu haline gelmişlerdir. Bu bakımdan Selçukluların atası olan Selçuk Bey, tarihçilerin ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu çalışma Selçuk Bey’e dair genel bir değerlendirmedir. Bu anlamda öncelikle Selçukluların bağlı oldukları boy olan Oğuz Türklerinin ata yurdu incelenecek ve Oğuzların kısa bir tarihlerine bakılacaktır. Ardından Selçuk Bey’in adı, kimliği, çocukları ve torunları ele alınacaktır. Son olarak ise Selçukluların tarih sahnesine çıkışı incelenecektir. Bu çalışmada modern literatürden istifade edilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmayla bazı modern çalışmalar tarafından meydana getirilen bu anlamdaki araştırmalar değerlendirilmiş olacaktır.
Efektivitas Guided Inquiry Berbasis Lingkungan terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Self Efficacy
Authors: Shofiana Fatichatus , Melisa Atika Okta
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas model guided inquiry berbasis lingkungan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan self efficacy pada materi kingdom plantae. Metode quasi eksperimen dengan sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X MIPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Adapun data diambil dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, kuesioner self efficacy , dan tes essay kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas model guided inquiry berbasis lingkungan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis memperoleh nilai nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,021 0,05 sehingga terdapat perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pada uji hipotesis terhadap efektivitas model guided inquiry berbasis lingkungan terhadap self efficacy memperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,024 0,05 yang sehingga terdapat perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Model guided inquiry berbasis lingkungan efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan self efficacy peserta didik.
Prevention and treatment of drip emitter clogging: a review of various innovative methods
Authors: Ramachandrula Venkata Ramamohan , Kasa Ramamohan Reddy
Published: September 2022

Various new and innovative methods of prevention and treatment of emitter clogging were demonstrated by researchers in recent years. A total of nine such innovative approaches were reviewed, classifying them under three broad categories, viz., physical, chemical and biological methods. Though flushing of laterals is a known method, it was found that increasing its frequency and at higher pressures improved the emission rate and uniformity of the emitters significantly. When Treated Waste Water (TWW) is used for irrigation, flushing with fresh water after every five irrigations effectively removed the emitter clogging. Among the various physical methods reviewed, use of MERUS ring, application of pulsating pressure with triangular wavefront and ultrasound treatment were found to be effective in removing composite clogging problem in drip emitters. Among the chemical methods, fertigation using urea phosphate (UP) at low concentrations for longer periods reduced the pH of irrigation water and contributed to the removal of chemical precipitates from the lateral pipes and emitters. Use of antagonist Bacillus bacterial strains helped in removing not only CaCO3 precipitation but also biofouling due to the use of TWW in the drip systems. However, this method needs to be further developed and optimized for its effectiveness and replicability.
Technical features of a self-expandable prosthetic valve for the treatment of pulmonary valve disease
Authors: Rzaeva K.A. , Timchenko T.P. , Zhuravleva I.Yu. , Arkhipov A.N. , Gorbatykh A.V. , Voitov A.V. , Nichay N.R. , Bogachev-Prokophiev A.V. , Soynov I.A.
Published: September 2022

Background. Balloon-expandable prostheses authorized for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in the Russian Federation have a barrel-shaped frame, which requires pre-stenting of a native right ventricular outflow tract or a conduit. This increases procedure duration, complicates implantation technique, and increases operation costs. Aim. To develop a self-expandable pulmonary valve model for transcatheter replacement and prepare it for preclinical trials.Methods. The model of a self-expandable pulmonary valve bioprothesis for transcatheter replacement made of nitinol was developed. The leaflets and the lining of the frame were made of porcine pericardium and assembled manually. Radial force testing was performed; valve loading into the delivery system was also tested.Results. According to the results of the tests, the valve biomaterial and the suture sites were not damaged after compression. In 2022, initial preclinical tests are scheduled to determine viability of the implanted valves at 6 and 12 months after surgery, and the rate of calcification for this observation period is to be assessed as well.Conclusion. By optimizing the design of the support frame, we improved the transcatheter model of the biological valve with satisfactory results at the initial stage of preclinical trials.
Received 22 April 2022. Revised 5 May 2022. Accepted 11 May 2022.
Funding: This work is supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 21-75-10041).
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: K.A. Rzaeva, T.P. Timchenko, A.N. Arkhipov, N.R. NichayData collection and analysis: A.V. Voitov, N.R. NichayDrafting the article: K.A. Rzaeva, A.V. GorbatykhCritical revision of the article: I.Yu. Zhuravleva, I.A. Soynov, A.V. Bogachev-ProkophievFinal approval of the version to be published: K.A. Rzaeva, T.P. Timchenko, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, A.N. Arkhipov, A.V. Gorbatykh, A.V. Voitov, N.R. Nichay, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, I.A. Soynov
Video-assisted thoracoscopic redo sternotomy for primary dysfunction of the aortic root homograft: a case report
Authors: Malyshenko E.S. , Petko S.A. , Popov V.A. , Gasangusenov M.G. , Revishvili A.Sh.
Published: September 2022

Adhesion in the anterior mediastinum following previous heart surgeries is a predictor of fatal trauma of the heart chambers, large vessels and lungs during redo cardiac procedures. The approaches used to prevent such complications have evolved over the past decades, but the need for their improvement remains. Annual increase in heart surgeries, coupled with the phenomenon of “aging population” in economically developed countries, predetermines the growth of redo cardiac surgical procedures. An important role in this process is also played by the recent more active use of various biological implants (for example, bioprosthetic heart valves), which makes the search for new technologies for safe redo sternotomy even more urgent.The publication presents a case of redo surgery in a patient with primary degeneration of the homograft in the aortic root position implanted 13 years ago for aortic stenosis using the Full Root technique. The original technique applied (Method for endoscopic prevention of traumatisation of cardiac, lung and major vessels of anterior mediastenum accompanying repeated cardiosurgical operations. Patent No. RU 2726605 C1) provides for a combination of minimally invasive and classic surgical approaches. Total adhesiolysis of the anterior mediastinum was performed thoracoscopically: the posterior surface of the sternum and the cartilaginous part of the ribs were completely freed from adhesions with the right ventricle, the aorta, lungs and innominate vein. The redo sternotomy was made using a standard electric saw under direct visual control and protection of the right ventricle and the ascending aorta with endoscopic retractors. The risk of surgical trauma of the anterior mediastinum organs was fully eliminated and the intraoperative blood loss was comparable to a traditional sternotomy approach.
Received 27 January 2022. Revised 23 April 2022. Accepted 20 May 2022.
Informed consent: The patient’s informed consent to use the records for medical purposes is obtained.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authorsLiterature review: S.A. Petko, V.A. Popov, E.S. MalyshenkoDrafting the article: E.S. Malyshenko, S.A. PetkoCritical revision of the article: E.S. Malyshenko, V.A. Popov, A.Sh. RevishviliSurgical treatment: E.S. Malyshenko, M.G. Gasangusenov, V.A. PopovFinal approval of the version to be published: E.S. Malyshenko, S.A. Petko, V.A. Popov, M.G. Gasangusenov, A.Sh. Revishvili