bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST WOMEN VICTIMS BY THE INDONESIAN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 23, 2004
Authors: Arief Hanafi
Published: October 2017

Domestic Violence, particularly against women is a social phenomenon which tends to increase from year to year and even from day to day. Many countries enacted special legislation to protect women from domestic violence based on the United Nation Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (CEDAW). Indonesia adopted the conventions based on the Indonesian Act No. 7 of 1984 on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and issued Presidential Decree No. 9 of 1998 concerning the Commission on Violence against Women. Indonesia then enacted special legislation on domestic violence in 2004, namely Domestic Violence Act 23, 2004. This paper aims to understand how the Domestic Violence Act 23, 2004 protects women victims of domestic violence. The sources of law study are the basic rules and regulations, international conventions which have binding force legally. This is a library research using normative judicial approach, and the analysis is descriptive qualitative. The legal protection of women victims of domestic violence is an obligation, especially for countries that uphold human rights, because of the domestic violence constitutes crimes against humanity that are outstanding. This crime happens at any time either known or not, so it is described as an iceberg phenomenon. In addition, because this matter is private, many people do not want to intervene the matter. The strong culture of not interfering ones’ affairs also influences the police in law enforcement. Police often gives less respect for the report of the victims, and even ask the victims to go back to her husband or family
THE TRAJECTORY OF INDIGENEITY POLITICS AGAINST LAND DISPOSSESSION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rachman Noer Fauzi , Masalam Hasriadi
Published: October 2017

Under the New Order authoritarian regime, the state endorsed terra-nullification of the customary territories had been the basis for the stipulation of state forest (hutan negara).After the fall of the General Suharto led regime in 1998 generated a new phase for the struggles of the customary groups in different parts of the archipelago. This article examines the rise of indigeneity and counter-hegemonic indigenous legal maneuvering spearheaded by Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) against ongoing land dispossession in Indonesia since the fall of New Order authoritarian regime which includes the indigenous mobilizations (strategy, organization and tactics) in the post-authoritarian country, including the avenue of new types of legal activism when it comes to the creative destruction of global capitalism today. It focuses on two modes of policy advocacy and campaign against land dispossession: (a) the production of the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 35/PUU-X/2012, a new legal landmark that establishes the constitutional norm of the citizenship status of Indonesian indigenous peoples (masyarakat hukum adat) as rights bearing subjects, and the owners of their customary territory; and (b) the National Inquiry on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights held by the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM). The discussion describes The Colonialism of ‘State-Izing’ Customary Communities’ Territory, Contemporary Indigeneity Politics in Indonesia, Counter-Hegemonic Indigenous Legal Maneuvering, Judicial Review against The1999 Law No. 41on Forestry, National Inquiry on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, and Connecting Counter-Hegemonic Indigenous Legal Maneuvering with the Grassroots Struggles which focuses on Mobilizing at Multiple Scales. It is concluded from this article that the efficacy of legal struggles is very much depend on the capacity to connect  with the grassroots mobilization by continuously promulgating the resurgence of indigeneity politics against the destructive impacts of corporatized state under the servitude of global capitalism, the indigenous movement constituents in Indonesia
THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS FOR AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Authors: Yahanan Annalisa , Febrian Febrian , Rahim Rohani Abdul
Published: October 2017

Indonesia and Malaysia have a good potency for cooperation in aviation industry. It can be seen in the establishing two aviation companies namely PT. Indonesia Air Asia and Malindo which both are low-cost carrier. These aviation industries are categorized as low-cost carrier, however safety and security are absolute factors because these are rights for consumers. This article will describe further about safety and security standard; protecting the rights for consumers in connection with safety aviation in Indonesia and Malaysia from the Consumer Protection Law and the Aviation Law. As a result of the research shows that safety standard passenger for air transportation in airport covers information and safety facility in the shape of availability of the emergency safety tools (fires, accidents and natural disasters); information, area and health facility; and healthcare workers. Moreover, safety standards for passenger in an aircraft include information and safety facility in the shape of availability information and the emergency safety tools for passenger in an aircraft. The protection for consumer rights for safety flight in Indonesia as follows: aviation industry has obligation to fulfill minimum standard of safety and security; consumers must be safety from false information which raises concern; aircraft operation which endanger of the passenger; and consumer protection in operating the electronic device which endanger flight. On the other hand, the law of consumer rights in Malaysia relating to aviation are ruled under the Aviation Law as a result of the Warsaw Convention 1929. In conclusion, the verdict of consumer rights related to security aviation begins when the passenger enter to an aircraft, in the aircraft, and by the time they get off the plane.
The Reform of the Procedural Religious Court Law Based on Islamic Law in Indonesian Legal System
Authors: Gofar Abdullah
Published: October 2017

The history of the development of religious courts and the inner atmosphere struggle of Muslims in Indonesia which faced the state’s political force in the New Order era has brought forth the religious procedural law. Article 54 of The 1989 Law No.7 stated that "the applicable law in the Religious Courts are applicable procedural law in the General Court, except those specifically regulated in this law." Philosophically, the Western law both civil substantive law (Burgerlijke Wetboek) and formal law/civil procedure (HIR and Rbg), prepared using the approach of individualism, secular, the optical properties of the nature legal dispute was seen as objects (Zaak) which is sheer material. While the substantive law in religious courts is the law derived from Islamic law that stem from philosophical values of Islam. So, the presence of the Religious Courts in the scope of judicial in Indonesia still raises problems, including: Why is the western law of civil procedure which promote the value of materialism and formal correctness adopted into religious procedural law, whereas the philosophical orientation is not aligned with the substantive law based on Islamic law, and what are the efforts to reform the reformulation of procedural law of religious courts.
Linking Getting to School With Going to School
Authors: Gottfried Michael A.
Published: October 2017

Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners have recently aligned efforts to reduce school absenteeism, particularly during kindergarten when excessive absences are highest out of all elementary grades. Little is known, however, about whether the way in which students get to school might influence if they go to school. To address this gap, this study was the first to address the role of school bus-taking on reducing school absences. Using a national large-scale dataset of children (the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011), the findings suggest that children who took the school bus to kindergarten had fewer absent days over the school year and were less likely to be chronically absent compared with children who commuted to school in any other way. Given that many districts are considering cutting or restricting bus services, this study brings to question whether doing so might limit the resources upon which families rely to ensure their children attend school each day. Implications are discussed.
Contralateral transmaxillary corridor: an augmented endoscopic approach to the petrous apex
Authors: Patel Chirag R. , Wang Eric W. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been shown to be an effective means of accessing lesions of the petrous apex. Lesions that are lateral to the paraclival segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) require lateralization of the paraclival segment of the ICA or a transpterygoid infrapetrous approach. In this study the authors studied the feasibility of adding a contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) corridor to provide greater access to the petrous apex with decreased need for manipulation of the ICA.

METHODS

Using image guidance, EEA and CTM extension were performed bilaterally on 5 cadavers. The anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and rostrum were removed. The angle of the surgical approach from the axis of the petrous segment of the ICA was measured. Five illustrative clinical cases are presented.

RESULTS

The CTM corridor required a partial medial maxillectomy. When measured from the axis of the petrous ICA, the CTM corridor decreased the angle from 44.8° ± 2.78° to 20.1° ± 4.31°, a decrease of 24.7° ± 2.58°. Drilling through the CTM corridor allowed the drill to reach lateral aspects of the petrous apex that would have required lateralization of the ICA or would not have been accessible via EEA. The CTM corridor allowed us to achieve gross-total resection of the petrous apex region in 5 clinical cases with significant paraclival extension.

CONCLUSIONS

The CTM corridor is a feasible extension to the standard EEA to the petrous apex that offers a more lateral trajectory with improved access. This approach may reduce the risk and morbidity associated with manipulation of the paraclival ICA.
Protective effect of biodegradable nerve conduit against peripheral nerve adhesion after neurolysis
Authors: Shintani Kosuke , Uemura Takuya , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Yokoi Takuya , Onode Ema , Okada Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Peripheral nerve adhesion caused by extraneural and intraneural scar formation after neurolysis leads to nerve dysfunction. The authors previously developed a novel very flexible biodegradable nerve conduit composed of poly(L-lactide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) for use in peripheral nerve regeneration. In the present study, they investigated the effect of protective nerve wrapping on preventing adhesion in a rat sciatic nerve adhesion model.

METHODS

Rat sciatic nerves were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: a no-adhesion group, which involved neurolysis alone without an adhesion procedure; an adhesion group, in which the adhesion procedure was performed after neurolysis, but no treatment was subsequently administered; a nerve wrap group, in which the adhesion procedure was performed after neurolysis and protective nerve wrapping was then performed with the nerve conduit; and a hyaluronic acid (HA) group, in which the adhesion procedure was performed after neurolysis and nerve wrapping was then performed with a 1% sodium HA viscous solution. Six weeks postoperatively, the authors evaluated the extent of scar formation using adhesion scores and biomechanical and histological examinations and assessed nerve function with electrophysiological examination and gastrocnemius muscle weight measurement.

RESULTS

In the adhesion group, prominent scar tissue surrounded the nerve and strongly adhered to the nerve biomechanically and histologically. The motor nerve conduction velocity and gastrocnemius muscle weight were the lowest in this group. Conversely, the adhesion scores were significantly lower, motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly higher, and gastrocnemius muscle weight was significantly higher in the nerve wrap group than in the adhesion group. Additionally, the biomechanical breaking strength was significantly lower in the nerve wrap group than in the adhesion group and HA group. The morphological properties of axons in the nerve wrap group were preserved. Intraneural macrophage invasion, as assessed by the number of CD68- and CCR7-positive cells, was less severe in the nerve wrap group than in the adhesion group.

CONCLUSIONS

The nerve conduit prevented post-neurolysis peripheral nerves from developing adhesion and allowed them to maintain their nerve function because it effectively blocked scarring and prevented adhesion-related damage in the peripheral nerves.
Prevention of postoperative visual field defect after the occipital transtentorial approach: anatomical study
Authors: Matsuo Satoshi , Baydin Serhat , Güngör Abuzer , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Komune Noritaka , Iihara Koji , Rhoton Albert L.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

A postoperative visual field defect resulting from damage to the occipital lobe during surgery is a unique complication of the occipital transtentorial approach. Though the association between patient position and this complication is well investigated, preventing the complication remains a challenge. To define the area of the occipital lobe in which retraction is least harmful, the surface anatomy of the brain, course of the optic radiations, and microsurgical anatomy of the occipital transtentorial approach were examined.

METHODS

Twelve formalin-fixed cadaveric adult heads were examined with the aid of a surgical microscope and 0° and 45° endoscopes. The optic radiations were examined by fiber dissection and MR tractography techniques.

RESULTS

The arterial and venous relationships of the lateral, medial, and inferior surfaces of the occipital lobe were defined anatomically. The full course of the optic radiations was displayed via both fiber dissection and MR tractography. Although the stems of the optic radiations as exposed by both techniques are similar, the terminations of the fibers are slightly different. The occipital transtentorial approach provides access for the removal of lesions involving the splenium, pineal gland, collicular plate, cerebellomesencephalic fissure, and anterosuperior part of the cerebellum. An angled endoscope can aid in exposing the superior medullary velum and superior cerebellar peduncles.

CONCLUSIONS

Anatomical findings suggest that retracting the inferior surface of the occipital lobe may avoid direct damage and perfusion deficiency around the calcarine cortex and optic radiations near their termination. An accurate understanding of the course of the optic radiations and vascular relationships around the occipital lobe and careful retraction of the inferior surface of the occipital lobe may reduce the incidence of postoperative visual field defect.
Surgical management of penetrating spinal cord injury primarily due to shrapnel and its effect on neurological outcome: a literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lawless Michael H. , Lytle Evan J. , McGlynn Andrea F. , Engler John A.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

This study was performed to determine whether decompression of penetrating spinal cord injury (SCI) due to explosive shrapnel leads to greater neurological recovery than conservative management.

METHODS

In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Defense Technical Information Center public site was conducted on May 2, 2016. Studies that described penetrating SCI with shrapnel as an etiology, included surgical and/or conservative management, and demonstrated admission and follow-up neurological status were eligible for inclusion in this study. Odds ratios were calculated for the overall effect of surgical treatment on neurological recovery. Funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias.

RESULTS

Five case series (Level IV evidence) met the study criteria, and 2 of them had estimable odds ratios for use in the Forest plot analysis. Among the patients from all 5 studies, 65% were injured by shrapnel, 25% by high-velocity bullet, 8% by low-velocity bullet, and 2% by an unknown cause. A total of 288 patients were included in the overall odds ratio calculations. Patients were stratified by complete and incomplete SCI. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in outcomes between surgical and conservative management in the complete SCI cohort or the incomplete SCI cohort. Overall rates of improvement for complete SCI were 25% with surgery and 27% with conservative treatment (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.44–2.61, p = 0.88); for incomplete SCI, 70% with surgery and 81% with conservative treatment (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.68–4.05, p = 0.26).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates no clear benefit to surgical decompression of penetrating SCI due predominantly to shrapnel. There is a considerable need for nonrandomized prospective cohort studies examining decompression and stabilization surgery for secondary and tertiary blast injuries.
Effect of Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Oligomer on the Properties of Styrene-Butadiene and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubbers
Authors: Halász István Zoltán , Bárány Tamás
Published: October 2017

In this work the effect of cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) was studied on the curing, rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), oil extended styrene butadiene rubber (oSBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (NBR) with various acrylonitrile (AN) content and a carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR). The effect of CBT on the oil resistance of the NBR and XNBR based compounds was also investigated. Viscosities of the uncured compounds were significantly decreased by CBT and it also acted as a semi-active filler, effectively reinforcing the tested rubbers, therefore it is suggested to be a bifunctional additive for tested rubbers. CBT also showed to have a positive effect on the oil resistance of NBR compounds.
Reduced incompatibility in the production of second generation hybrids between two Magnolia species revealed by Bayesian gene dispersal modeling
Authors: Tamaki Ichiro , Tani Saori , Setsuko Suzuki , Ueno Saneyoshi , Wadasaki Naotaka , Tomaru Nobuhiro
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Hybrid zones are areas where gene flow between related species is currently occurring, so information on the compatibility between related species and their hybrids is essential for predicting the dynamics of such zones generated by introgressive hybridization. In this study, we quantified the compatibility among Magnolia stellata, M. salicifolia, and their hybrids in a hybrid zone using gene dispersal modeling.

METHODS:

After determining the genealogical classes of adult trees in the hybrid zone, the paternity of 574 open‐pollinated seeds from 37 known maternal trees was analyzed with microsatellite markers. A neighborhood‐based Bayesian gene dispersal model developed by us for estimating compatibility was then applied to the paternity data.

KEY RESULTS:

When M. stellata or M. salicifolia were mothers, interspecific mating to produce F1 hybrids yielded significant incompatibility, but backcrossing with F1 hybrids did not. Furthermore, when F1 hybrids became mothers, no significant incompatibility resulted from backcrossing to parental species or intra‐F1 mating to produce F2 hybrids. The estimated proportion of F1 hybrids in the outcrossed seeds (1.7%) in the hybrid zone was much lower than that in the adult trees (14.0%).

CONCLUSIONS:

While it is difficult to obtain F1 hybrids, their low incompatibility makes it easy to produce advanced generation hybrids, once they have been successfully obtained. Although the production of F1 seeds is rare, heterosis and/or weak selection pressure in an empty niche between the parental species’ niches may have contributed to the increased proportion of adult F1 hybrids in the hybrid zone.
On the Magnetic Squashing Factor and the Lie Transport of Tangents
Authors: Scott Roger B. , Pontin David I. , Hornig Gunnar
Published: October 2017

The squashing factor (or squashing degree) of a vector field is a quantitative measure of the deformation of the field line mapping between two surfaces. In the context of solar magnetic fields, it is often used to identify gradients in the mapping of elementary magnetic flux tubes between various flux domains. Regions where these gradients in the mapping are large are referred to as quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs), and are a continuous extension of separators and separatrix surfaces. These QSLs are observed to be potential sites for the formation of strong electric currents, and are therefore important for the study of magnetic reconnection in three dimensions. Since the squashing factor, Q, is defined in terms of the Jacobian of the field line mapping, it is most often calculated by first determining the mapping between two surfaces (or some approximation of it) and then numerically differentiating. Tassev & Savcheva have introduced an alternative method, in which they parameterize the change in separation between adjacent field lines, and then integrate along individual field lines to get an estimate of the Jacobian without the need to numerically differentiate the mapping itself. But while their method offers certain computational advantages, it is formulated on a perturbative description of the field line trajectory, and the accuracy of this method is not entirely clear. Here we show, through an alternative derivation, that this integral formulation is, in principle, exact. We then demonstrate the result in the case of a linear, 3D magnetic null, which allows for an exact analytical description and direct comparison to numerical estimates.
Searching for Strange Quark Matter Objects in Exoplanets
Authors: Huang Y. F. , Yu Y. B.
Published: October 2017

The true ground state of hadronic matter may be strange quark matter (SQM). Consequently, observed pulsars may actually be strange quark stars, but not neutron stars. However, proving or disproving the SQM hypothesis still remains a difficult problem to solve due to the similarity between the macroscopical characteristics of strange quark stars and neutron stars. Here, we propose a hopeful method to probe the existence of SQM. In the framework of the SQM hypothesis, strange quark dwarfs and even strange quark planets can also stably exist. Noting that SQM planets will not be tidally disrupted even when they get very close to their host stars due to their extreme compactness, we argue that we could identify SQM planets by searching for very close-in planets among extrasolar planetary systems. Especially, we should keep our eyes on possible pulsar planets with orbital radius less than ∼5.6 × 1010 cm and period less than ∼6100 s. A thorough search in the currently detected ∼2950 exoplanets around normal main-sequence stars has failed to identify any stable close-in objects that meet the SQM criteria, i.e., lying in the tidal disruption region for normal matter planets. However, the pulsar planet PSR J1719-1438B, with an orbital radius of ∼6 × 1010 cm and orbital period of 7837 s, is, encouragingly, found to be a good candidate.
Evidence for Reduced, Carbon-rich Regions in the Solar Nebula from an Unusual Cometary Dust Particle
Authors: De Gregorio Bradley T. , Stroud Rhonda M. , Nittler Larry R. , Kilcoyne A. L. David
Published: October 2017

Geochemical indicators in meteorites imply that most formed under relatively oxidizing conditions. However, some planetary materials, such as the enstatite chondrites, aubrite achondrites, and Mercury, were produced in reduced nebular environments. Because of large-scale radial nebular mixing, comets and other Kuiper Belt objects likely contain some primitive material related to these reduced planetary bodies. Here, we describe an unusual assemblage in a dust particle from comet 81P/Wild 2 captured in silica aerogel by the NASA Stardust spacecraft. The bulk of this ∼20 μm particle is comprised of an aggregate of nanoparticulate Cr-rich magnetite, containing opaque sub-domains composed of poorly graphitized carbon (PGC). The PGC forms conformal shells around tiny 5–15 nm core grains of Fe carbide. The C, N, and O isotopic compositions of these components are identical within errors to terrestrial standards, indicating a formation inside the solar system. Magnetite compositions are consistent with oxidation of reduced metal, similar to that seen in enstatite chondrites. Similarly, the core–shell structure of the carbide + PGC inclusions suggests a formation via FTT reactions on the surface of metal or carbide grains in warm, reduced regions of the solar nebula. Together, the nanoscale assemblage in the cometary particle is most consistent with the alteration of primary solids condensed from a C-rich, reduced nebular gas. The nanoparticulate components in the cometary particle provide the first direct evidence from comets of reduced, carbon-rich regions that were present in the solar nebula.
Rapid Gamma-Ray Variability of NGC 1275
Authors: Baghmanyan V. , Gasparyan S. , Sahakyan N.
Published: October 2017

We report on a detailed analysis of the γ-ray light curve of NGC 1275 using the Fermi Large Area Telescope data accumulated during 2008–2017. Major γ-ray flares were observed in 2015 October and 2016 December/2017 January when the source reached a daily peak flux of

, achieving a flux of

within 3 hr, which corresponds to an apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity of 

. The most rapid flare had an e-folding time as short as

hr, which had never been previously observed for any radio galaxy in γ-ray band. Also, γ-ray spectral changes were observed during these flares: in the flux versus photon index plane, the spectral evolution follows correspondingly a counterclockwise and a clockwise loop inferred from the light curve generated by an adaptive binning method. On 2016 December 30 and 2017 January 1 the X-ray photon index softened (

) and the flux increased nearly ∼3 times as compared with the quiet state. The observed hour-scale variability suggests a very compact emission region (

), implying that the observed emission is most likely produced in the subparsec-scale jet if the entire jet width is responsible for the emission. During the active periods, the γ-ray photon index hardened, shifting the peak of the high-energy spectral component to

, making it difficult to explain the observed X-ray and γ-ray data in the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.
A Faint Flux-limited Lyα Emitter Sample at z ∼ 0.3*
Authors: Wold Isak G. B. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Barger Amy J. , Cowie Lennox L. , Rosenwasser Benjamin
Published: October 2017

We present a flux-limited sample of z ∼ 0.3 Lyα emitters (LAEs) from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) grism spectroscopic data. The published GALEX z ∼ 0.3 LAE sample is pre-selected from continuum-bright objects and thus is biased against high equivalent width (EW) LAEs. We remove this continuum pre-selection and compute the EW distribution and the luminosity function of the Lyα emission line directly from our sample. We examine the evolution of these quantities from z ∼ 0.3 to 2.2 and find that the EW distribution shows little evidence for evolution over this redshift range. As shown by previous studies, the Lyα luminosity density from star-forming (SF) galaxies declines rapidly with declining redshift. However, we find that the decline in Lyα luminosity density from z = 2.2 to z = 0.3 may simply mirror the decline seen in the Hα luminosity density from z = 2.2 to z = 0.4, implying little change in the volumetric Lyα escape fraction. Finally, we show that the observed Lyα luminosity density from AGNs is comparable to the observed Lyα luminosity density from SF galaxies at z = 0.3. We suggest that this significant contribution from AGNs to the total observed Lyα luminosity density persists out to z ∼ 2.2.
The Optical–Mid-infrared Extinction Law of the l = 165° Sightline in the Galactic Plane: Diversity of the Extinction Law in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Authors: Wang Shu , Jiang B. W. , Zhao He , Chen Xiaodian , de Grijs Richard
Published: October 2017

Understanding the effects of dust extinction is important to properly interpret observations. The optical total-to-selective extinction ratio,

, is widely used to describe extinction variations in ultraviolet and optical bands. Since the

extinction curve adequately represents the average extinction law of diffuse regions in the Milky Way, it is commonly used to correct observational measurements along sightlines toward diffuse regions in the interstellar medium. However, the

value may vary even along different diffuse interstellar medium sightlines. In this paper, we investigate the optical–mid-infrared (mid-IR) extinction law toward a very diffuse region at

in the Galactic plane, which was selected based on a CO emission map. Adopting red clump stars as extinction tracers, we determine the optical–mid-IR extinction law for our diffuse region in two APASS bands (

), three XSTPS-GAC bands (

), three 2MASS bands (

), and two WISE bands (

). Specifically, 18 red clump stars were selected from the APOGEE–RC catalog based on spectroscopic data in order to explore the diversity of the extinction law. We find that the optical extinction curves exhibit appreciable diversity. The corresponding

ranges from 1.7 to 3.8, while the mean

value of 2.8 is consistent with the widely adopted average value of 3.1 for Galactic diffuse clouds. There is no apparent correlation between

value and color excess

in the range of interest, from 0.2 to 0.6 mag, or with specific visual extinction per kiloparsec,

.
Symmetry Parameter Constraints from a Lower Bound on Neutron-matter Energy
Authors: Tews Ingo , Lattimer James M. , Ohnishi Akira , Kolomeitsev Evgeni E.
Published: October 2017

We propose the existence of a lower bound on the energy of pure neutron matter (PNM) on the basis of unitary-gas considerations. We discuss its justification from experimental studies of cold atoms as well as from theoretical studies of neutron matter. We demonstrate that this bound results in limits to the density-dependent symmetry energy, which is the difference between the energies of symmetric nuclear matter and PNM. In particular, this bound leads to a lower limit to the volume symmetry energy parameter S
0. In addition, for assumed values of S
0 above this minimum, this bound implies both upper and lower limits to the symmetry energy slope parameter L
,which describes the lowest-order density dependence of the symmetry energy. A lower bound on neutron-matter incompressibility is also obtained. These bounds are found to be consistent with both recent calculations of the energies of PNM and constraints from nuclear experiments. Our results are significant because several equations of state that are currently used in astrophysical simulations of supernovae and neutron star mergers, as well as in nuclear physics simulations of heavy-ion collisions, have symmetry energy parameters that violate these bounds. Furthermore, below the nuclear saturation density, the bound on neutron-matter energies leads to a lower limit to the density-dependent symmetry energy, which leads to upper limits to the nuclear surface symmetry parameter and the neutron-star crust–core boundary. We also obtain a lower limit to the neutron-skin thicknesses of neutron-rich nuclei. Above the nuclear saturation density, the bound on neutron-matter energies also leads to an upper limit to the symmetry energy, with implications for neutron-star cooling via the direct Urca process.
Mrk 421 after the Giant X-Ray Outburst in 2013
Authors: Kapanadze B. , Dorner D. , Romano P. , Vercellone S. , Kapanadze S. , Tabagari L.
Published: October 2017

We present the results of the Swift observations of the nearby BL Lac object Mrk 421 during 2013 November–2015 June. The source exhibited a strong long-term variability in the 0.3–10 keV band, with a maximum-to-minimum flux ratio of 13, and underwent X-ray flares by a factor of 1.8–5.2 on timescales of a few weeks or shorter. The source showed 48 instances of intraday flux variability in this period, which sometimes was observed within the 1 ks observational run. It was characterized by fractional amplitudes of 1.5(0.3)%–38.6(0.4)% and flux doubling/halving times of 2.6–20.1 hr. The X-ray flux showed a lack of correlation with the TeV flux on some occasions (strong TeV flares were not accompanied by comparable X-ray activity and vice versa), indicating that the high-energy emission in Mrk 421 was generated from an emission region more complex than a single zone. The best fits of the 0.3–10 keV spectra were mainly obtained using the log-parabola model, showing a strong spectral variability that generally followed a “harder-when-brighter” trend. The position of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution peak showed an extreme range from a few eV to ∼10 keV that happens rarely in blazars.
A 13CO Detection in a Brightest Cluster Galaxy
Authors: Vantyghem A. N. , McNamara B. R. , Edge A. C. , Combes F. , Russell H. R. , Fabian A. C. , Hogan M. T. , McDonald M. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Salomé P.
Published: October 2017

We present ALMA Cycle 4 observations of CO(1-0), CO(3-2), and 13CO(3-2) line emission in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of RXJ0821+0752. This is one of the first detections of 13CO line emission in a galaxy cluster. Half of the CO(3-2) line emission originates from two clumps of molecular gas that are spatially offset from the galactic center. These clumps are surrounded by diffuse emission that extends 8 kpc in length. The detected 13CO emission is confined entirely to the two bright clumps, with any emission outside of this region lying below our detection threshold. Two distinct velocity components with similar integrated fluxes are detected in the 12CO spectra. The narrower component (60 km s−1 FWHM) is consistent in both velocity centroid and linewidth with 13CO(3-2) emission, while the broader (130–160 km s−1), slightly blueshifted wing has no associated 13CO(3-2) emission. A simple local thermodynamic model indicates that the 13CO emission traces 2.1 × 109 M
⊙ of molecular gas. Isolating the 12CO velocity component that accompanies the 13CO emission yields a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of α
CO = 2.3 M
⊙ (K km s−1)−1, which is a factor of two lower than the Galactic value. Adopting the Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor in BCGs may therefore overestimate their molecular gas masses by a factor of two. This is within the object-to-object scatter from extragalactic sources, so calibrations in a larger sample of clusters are necessary in order to confirm a sub-Galactic conversion factor.
La fabrication de l’homme nouveau Khmer rouge et djihadiste
Authors: Sironi Françoise
Published: October 2017

L’étude comparée entre deux systèmes de production de radicalisations meurtrières, khmer rouge hier, celui de l’Etat Islamique aujourd’hui, montre que les mécanismes psychologiques à l’œuvre sont identiques. Ils reposent sur la mobilisation et l’instrumentalisation des facteurs suivants : les contextes géopolitiques locaux et globaux, les mensonges politiques, une mystification de la fondation, les émotions politiques, la fabrication d’hommes systèmes, le recrutement d’enfants et d’adolescents et les initiations traumatiques aux violences meurtrières. Les deux systèmes constituent une théopathie sacrificielle.
Religiosité contre radicalisation religieuse dans la mondialité
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika
Published: October 2017

On ne peut comprendre les évolutions actuelles dans les modalités du « croire » en islam qu’en se replaçant dans le cadre des interactions à l’échelle du monde. La conflictualité de ces interactions tient, entre autres, aux inégalités des rapports dans le monde, à sa bipolarisation et à une histoire coloniale antérieure. C’est à ce contexte qu’il faut référer pour comprendre les pressions exercées pour un retour à « la foi des ancêtres » sur certains jeunes adultes, ou même adolescents, français et liés à l’islam. Des entraves à leur inclusion dans la société, auxquelles s’ajoutent des apories identitaires, peuvent induire une position particulière dans la relation à la spiritualité, voire même les inciter à un retour vers une orthodoxie, en réalité ré-inventée. La trajectoire d’une radicalisation religieuse, celle d’Oum Hobeïd, nous démontre que les messages de radicalisation sont fondés sur une contestation de l’ordre du monde. Ils prennent une valeur de rébellion, comportent des illusions de revanche, de rédemption, de dignité, et d’égalité absolue au-delà de la mort. Ils donnent aussi l’illusion d’une fraternité nouvelle.
Psychothérapie d’enfants africains en situation migratoire
Authors: Barry Aboubacar
Published: October 2017

Ce texte rapporte le déroulement de la psychothérapie d’enfants africains reçus dans des structures de soins en France par un psychologue africain. Il rend compte de la manière dont les représentations culturelles façonnent les symptômes de ces enfants, même lorsque ceux-ci sont nés en France.
Modalités de familiarisation des élèves à la littérature de fiction, de manière à éviter l’échec scolaire
Authors: Casangiu Larisa Ileana , Iftime Alina
Published: October 2017

En ce qui concerne les œuvres de fiction, certaines séquences sont en fait des métaleçons , si nous considérons que le contenu entier constitue une leçon de vie, en mode utopique, dans l’esprit de la fiction. Nous nous proposons une recherche expérimentale de type amélioratif (recherche-développement, qualitative), basée sur l’hypothèse suivante : il est allégué que, grâce à la littérature de fiction (que nous rendons accessible aux élèves/enfants d’âge scolaire), les élèves auront une attitude positive envers l’alphabétisation et le désir de connaissance dans un cadre institutionnalisé.
Les dispositifs de lutte contre l’échec scolaire Expérience au sein du Collège Pie 10 à Châtelineau (Belgique)
Authors: Lahdily Soumia
Published: October 2017

Les défis auxquels est confrontée l’école sont nombreux. Dès lors, si elle souhaite les affronter, elle doit nécessairement se penser différemment. C’est ce que le Collège Pie 10 à Châtelineau tente de faire au quotidien. Voilà presque dix ans que l’établissement a repensé son organisation jusqu’à modifier les rythmes scolaires. Mais pas seulement. Cette école tente également à son échelle de prévenir le décrochage scolaire. Dans ce sens, elle a mis sur pied un dispositif interne d’accrochage scolaire, sorte de sas d’écoute où le jeune peut, s’il le souhaite, être accompagné par un intervenant social. L’idée a mûri et la spécificité du travail s’est peu à peu précisée. Cet article tente donc de rendre compte du projet des nouveaux rythmes scolaires ainsi que du travail d’accrochage réalisé au sein du dispositif.
Hebrews 5:7 as the cry of the Davidic sufferer
Authors: Bertolet Timothy
Published: October 2017

This article proposes a better source for the Son’s cry in Hebrews 5:7. It begins by surveying sources previous scholars have identified, including Jesus’ cry in Gethsemane and Golgotha, several Psalms, and the Maccabean martyr literature. It is then argued that these background sources for the language are insufficient. Instead the author of Hebrews has an entire motif from the Psalter as his informing source: the Davidic figure that cries out in trust to be delivered from a death-like experience. Firstly, the motif of the Davidic righteous suffering in the LXX Psalms is demonstrated. Secondly, Hebrews’ use of the Messianic royal figure is demonstrated and thirdly, Hebrews 5:7 as a portrait of the Christ who cries out for deliverance is demonstrated. Thus, Hebrews 5:7 sees the Son as the Davidic king who is the true representative human exercising trust in YHWH, bringing to fulfilment the theme from various Psalms.
Daily gridded datasets of snow depth and snow water equivalent for the Iberian
Peninsula from 1980 to 2014
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , López-Moreno J.¬Ignacio , Gascoin Simon , García-Valdecasas Ojeda Matilde , Sanmiguel-Vallelado Alba , Navarro-Serrano Francisco , Revuelto Jesús , Ceballos Antonio , Esteban-Parra María Jesús , Essery Richard
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We present snow observations and a validated daily gridded snowpack dataset that was simulated from downscaled reanalysis of data for the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula has long-lasting seasonal snowpacks in its different mountain ranges, and winter snowfalls occur in most of its area. However, there are only limited direct observations of snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE), making it difficult to analyze snow dynamics and the spatiotemporal patterns of snowfall. We used meteorological data from downscaled reanalyses as input of a physically based snow energy balance model to simulate SWE and SD over the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014. More specifically, the ERA-Interim reanalysis was downscaled to 10 × 10 km resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF outputs were used directly, or as input to other submodels, to obtain data needed to drive the Factorial Snow Model (FSM). We used lapse-rate coefficients and hygrobarometric adjustments to simulate snow series at 100 m elevations bands for each 10 × 10 km grid cell in the Iberian Peninsula. The snow series were validated using data from MODIS satellite sensor and ground observations. The overall simulated snow series accurately reproduced the interannual variability of snowpack and the spatial variability of snow accumulation and melting, even in very complex topographic terrains. Thus, the presented dataset may be useful for many applications, including land management, hydrometeorological studies, phenology of flora and fauna, winter tourism and risk management. The data presented here are available for free download from Zenodo (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854618).This paper fully describes the work flow, data validation, uncertainty assessment and possible applications and limitations of the database.
A NOVEL APPROACH OF INDEXING AND RETRIEVING SPATIAL POLYGONS FOR EFFICIENT SPATIAL REGION QUERIES
Authors: Zhao J. H. , Wang X. Z. , Wang F. Y. , Shen Z. H. , Zhou Y. C. , Wang Y. L.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Spatial region queries are more and more widely used in web-based applications. Mechanisms to provide efficient query processing over geospatial data are essential. However, due to the massive geospatial data volume, heavy geometric computation, and high access concurrency, it is difficult to get response in real time. Spatial indexes are usually used in this situation. In this paper, based on k-d tree, we introduce a distributed KD-Tree (DKD-Tree) suitbable for polygon data, and a two-step query algorithm. The spatial index construction is recursive and iterative, and the query is an in memory process. Both the index and query methods can be processed in parallel, and are implemented based on HDFS, Spark and Redis. Experiments on a large volume of Remote Sensing images metadata have been carried out, and the advantages of our method are investigated by comparing with spatial region queries executed on PostgreSQL and PostGIS. Results show that our approach not only greatly improves the efficiency of spatial region query, but also has good scalability, Moreover, the two-step spatial range query algorithm can also save cluster resources to support a large number of concurrent queries. Therefore, this method is very useful when building large geographic information systems.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL SECURITY BASED ON LSTM
Authors: Gong C. , Qi L. , Heming L. , Karimian H. , Yuqin M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Region is a complicated system, where human, nature and society interact and influence. Quantitative modeling and simulation of ecology in the region are the key to realize the strategy of regional sustainable development. Traditional machine learning methods have made some achievements in the modeling of regional ecosystems, but it is difficult to determine the learning characteristics and to realize spatio-temporal simulation. Deep learning does not need prior identification of training characteristics, have excellent feature learning ability, can improve the accuracy of model prediction, so the use of deep learning model has a significant advantage. Therefore, we use net primary productivity (NPP), atmospheric optical depth (AOD), moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), landcover and population data, and use LSTM to do spatio-temporal simulation. We conduct spatial analysis and driving force analysis. The conclusions are as follows: the ecological deficit of northwestern Henan and urban communities such as Zhengzhou is higher. The reason of former lies in the weak land productivity of the Loess Plateau, the irrational crop cultivation mode. The latter lies in the high consumption of resources in the large urban agglomeration; The positive trend of Henan ecological development from 2013 is mainly due to the effective environmental protection policy in the 12th five-year plan; The main driver of the sustained ecological deficit growth of Henan in 2004-2013 is high-speed urbanization, increasing population and goods consumption. This article provides relevant basic scientific support and reference for the regional ecological scientific management and construction.
SEQUENTIAL CLASSIFIER TRAINING FOR RICE MAPPING WITH MULTITEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY
Authors: Guo Y. , Jia X. , Paull D.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Most traditional methods for rice mapping with remote sensing data are effective when they are applied to the initial growing stage of rice, as the practice of flooding during this period makes the spectral characteristics of rice fields more distinguishable. In this study, we propose a sequential classifier training approach for rice mapping that can be used over the whole growing period of rice for monitoring various growth stages. Rice fields are firstly identified during the initial flooding period. The identified rice fields are used as training data to train a classifier that separates rice and non-rice pixels. The classifier is then used as a priori knowledge to assist the training of classifiers for later rice growing stages. This approach can be applied progressively to sequential image data, with only a small amount of training samples being required from each image. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experiments were conducted at one of the major rice-growing areas in Australia. The proposed approach was applied to a set of multitemporal remote sensing images acquired by the Sentinel-2A satellite. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional spectral-indexbased algorithms, the proposed method is able to achieve more stable and consistent rice mapping accuracies and it reaches higher than 80% during the whole rice growing period.