bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paediatric orthopaedics in lockdown
Authors: Baxter Ian , Hancock Graeme , Clark Matthew , Hampton Matthew , Fishlock Adelle , Widnall James , Flowers Mark , Evans Owain
Published: November 2020

Aims

To determine the impact of COVID-19 on orthopaediatric admissions and fracture clinics within a regional integrated care system (ICS).

Methods

A retrospective review was performed for all paediatric orthopaedic patients admitted across the region during the recent lockdown period (24 March 2020 to 10 May 2020) and the same period in 2019. Age, sex, mechanism, anatomical region, and treatment modality were compared, as were fracture clinic attendances within the receiving regional major trauma centre (MTC) between the two periods.

Results

Paediatric trauma admissions across the region fell by 33% (197 vs 132) with a proportional increase to 59% (n = 78) of admissions to the MTC during lockdown compared with 28.4% in 2019 (N = 56). There was a reduction in manipulation under anaesthetic (p = 0.015) and the use of Kirschner wires (K-wires) (p = 0.040) between the two time periods. The median time to surgery remained one day in both (2019 IQR 0 to 2; 2020 IQR 1 to 1). Supracondylar fractures were the most common reason for fracture clinic attendance (17.3%, n = 19) with a proportional increase of 108.4% vs 2019 (2019 n = 20; 2020 n = 19) (p = 0.007). While upper limb injuries and falls from play apparatus, equipment, or height remained the most common indications for admission, there was a reduction in sports injuries (p < 0.001) but an increase in lacerations (p = 0.031). Fracture clinic management changed with 67% (n = 40) of follow-up appointments via telephone and 69% (n = 65) of patients requiring cast immobilization treated with a 3M Soft Cast, enabling self-removal. The safeguarding team saw a 22% reduction in referrals (2019: n = 41, 2020: n = 32).

Conclusion

During this viral pandemic, the number of trauma cases decreased with a change in the mechanism of injury, median age of presentation, and an increase in referrals to the regional MTC. Adaptions in standard practice led to fewer MUA, and K-wire procedures being performed, more supracondylar fractures managed through clinic and an increase in the use of removable cast. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:424–430.
Early outcomes of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty for trauma during COVID-19
Authors: Stoneham Adam C S , Apostolides Michael , Bennett Philippa M , Hillier-Smith Ryan , Witek Alex J , Goodier Henry , Asp Rebecka
Published: November 2020

Aims

This study aimed to identify patients receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) for trauma during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and quantify the risks of contracting SARS-CoV-2 virus, the proportion of patients requiring treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU), and rate of complications including mortality.

Methods

All patients receiving a primary THA for trauma in four regional hospitals were identified for analysis during the period 1 March to 1 June 2020, which covered the current peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Results

Overall, one of 48 patients (2%) contracted COVID-19 during their admission. Although they required a protracted stay in hospital, they did not require ICU treatment. Two patients did require ICU support for medical problems but not relating to COVID-19. Complications were no greater than expected given the short follow-up. There were no mortalities.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of evidence to guide restarting elective joint arthroplasties following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although THAs for trauma are by no means a perfect surrogate, the results of this study show a low incidence of contracting COVID-19 virus during admission and no significant sequalae during this period. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:438–442.
Magnetically controlled growing rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Munigangaiah Sudarshan , Trivedi Jayesh , Davidson Neil
Published: November 2020

Aims

Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) have been gaining popularity in the management of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) over the past decade. We present our experience with the first 44 MCGR consecutive cases treated at our institution.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of consecutive cases of MCGR performed in our institution between 2012 and 2018. This cohort consisted of 44 children (25 females and 19 males), with a mean age of 7.9 years (3.7 to 13.6). There were 41 primary cases and three revisions from other rod systems. The majority (38 children) had dual rods. The group represents a mixed aetiology including idiopathic (20), neuromuscular (13), syndromic (9), and congenital (2). The mean follow-up was 4.1 years, with a minimum of two years. Nine children graduated to definitive fusion. We evaluated radiological parameters of deformity correction (Cobb angle), and spinal growth (T1-T12 and T1-S1 heights), as well as complications during the course of treatment.

Results

The mean Cobb angles pre-operatively, postoperatively, and at last follow-up were 70° (53 to 103), 35° (15 to 71) and 39° (15 to 65) respectively (p < 0.001). Further, there was a mean of 14° (-6 to 27) of additional Cobb angle correction upon graduation from MCGR to definitive fusion. Both T1-T12 and T1-S1 showed significant increase in heights of 27 mm and 45 mm respectively at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Ten children (23%) developed 18 complications requiring 21 unplanned operations. Independent risk factors for developing a complication were single rod constructs and previous revision surgery.

Conclusion

MCGR has the benefit of avoiding multiple surgeries, and is an effective tool in treatment of early-onset scoliosis. It also maintains the flexibility of the spine, allowing further correction at the time of definitive fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:405–414.
Bayes Estimation of the Reliability Function of Pareto Distribution Under Three Different Loss Functions
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Chandra Umesh , Kumar Vinod
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we have proposed Bayes estimators of shape parameter of Pareto distribution as well as reliability function under SELF, QLF and APLF loss functions. For better understanding of Bayesian approach, we consider Jeffrey’s prior as non-informative prior, exponential and gamma priors as informative priors. The proposed estimators have been compared with Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE). Moreover, the current study also derives the expressions for risk function under these three loss functions. The results obtained have been illustrated with the real as well as simulated data set.
Framework for Simulation-Based Simultaneous System Optimization for a Series Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Baer Katharina , Ericson Liselott , Krus Petter
Published: November 2020

Hybridization of hydraulic drivetrains offers the potential of efficiency improvement for on- and off-road applications. To realize the advantages, a carefully designed system and corresponding control strategy are required, which are commonly obtained through a sequential design process.Addressing component selection and control parameterization simultaneously through simulation-based optimization allows for exploration of a large design space as well as design relations and trade-offs, and their evaluation in dynamic conditions which exist in real driving scenarios. In this paper, the optimization framework for a hydraulic hybrid vehicle is introduced, including the simulation model for a series hybrid architecture and component scaling considerations impacting the system’s performance.Anumber of optimization experiments for an on-road light-duty vehicle, focused on standard-drivecycle- performance, illustrate the impact of the problem formulation on the final design and thus the complexity of the design problem. The designs found demonstrate both the potential of energy storage in series hybrids, via an energy balance diagram, as well as some challenges. The framework presented here provides a base for systematic evaluation of design alternatives and problem formulation aspects.
Neuro-Symbolic Integration of Hopfield Neural Network for Optimal Maximum Random kSatisfiability (Maxrksat) Representation
Authors: Abubakar Hamza , Masanawa Sagir Abdu , Yusuf Surajo
Published: November 2020

Boolean satisfiability logical representation is a programming paradigm that has its foundations in mathematical logic. It has been classified as an NP-complete problem that difficult practical combinatorial optimization and search problems can be easily converted into it. Random Maximum kSatisfiability (MAX-RkSAT) composed of the most consistent mapping in a Boolean formula that generates a maximum number of random satisfied clauses. Many optimization and search problems can be easily expressed by mapping the problem into a Hopfield neural network (HNN) to minimize the optimal configuration of the corresponding Lyapunov energy function. In this paper, a hybrid computational model hs been proposed that incorporates the Random Maximum kSatisfiability (MAX-RkSAT) into the Hopfield neural network (HNN) for optimal Random Maximum kSatisfiability representation (HNN-MAX-RkSAT). Hopfield neural network learning will be integrated with the random maximum satisfiability to enhance the correct neural state of the network model representation. The computer simulation using C++ has been used to demonstrate the ability of MAX-RkSAT to be embedded optimally in Hopfield neural network to serve as Neuro-symbolic integration. The performance of the proposed hybrid HNN-MAXRkSAT model has been explored and compared with the existing model. The proposed HNN-MAXRkSAT demonstrates good agreement with the existing models measured in terms of Global minimum Ratio (Gm), Hamming Distance (HD), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and network computation Time CPU time). The proposed framework explored that MAX-RkSAT can be optimally represented in HNN and subsequently provides an additional platform for neural-symbolic integration, representing the various types of satisfiability logic.
PINE: Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenters (ENLITENED Program) [Invited]
Authors: Glick Madeleine , Abrams Nathan C. , Cheng Qixiang , Teh Min Yee , Hung Yu-Han , Jimenez Oscar , Liu Songtao , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Meng Xiang , Johansson Leif , Ghobadi Manya , Dennison Larry , Michelogiannakis George , Shalf John , Liu Alan , Bowers John , Gaeta Alex , Lipson Michal , Bergman Keren
Published: November 2020

We review the motivation, goals, and achievements of the Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenter (PINE) project, which is part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) ENergy-efficient Light-wave Integrated Technology Enabling Networks that Enhance Dataprocessing (ENLITENED) program. The PINE program leverages the unique features of photonic technologies to enable alternative mega-datacenters and high-performance computing (HPC) system architectures that deliver more substantial energy efficiency improvements than can be achieved through link energy efficiency alone. In phase 1 of the program, the PINE system architecture demonstrated an average factor of2.2×improvement in transactions/joule across a diverse set of HPC and datacenter applications. In phase 2, PINE will demonstrate an aggressive 1.0 pJ/bit total link budget with high-bandwidth-density dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) links to enable additional2.5×or more efficiency gains through deep resource disaggregation.
3 kW high OSNR 1030 nm single-mode monolithic fiber amplifier with a 180 pm linewidth
Authors: Chu Qiuhui , Shu Qiang , Liu Yu , Tao Rumao , Yan Donglin , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng
Published: November 2020

In this Letter, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) effect of a 1030 nm fiber laser is studied theoretically and, based on the theoretical results, a 3 kW high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) 1030 nm fiber amplifier with a 180 pm linewidth and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is achieved. A theoretical model, which takes simulate ASE light falling in the range of Raman light as the Raman seed, has been used to optimize the power scaling capability of 1030 nm fiber amplifiers. It shows that the SRS effect seeded by the ASE is the main limiting factor for the fiber amplifiers operating at 1030 nm, and

>

3

k
W

output power with a high OSNR can be achieved by proper parameter designing of the fiber laser system. A 1030 nm monolithic narrow linewidth fiber amplifier, which delivers 3 kW output power with the OSNR being 37 dB and a 0.18 nm spectrum linewidth, has been demonstrated. At the maximum 3 kW output power, the SRS light peak is obviously higher than ASE light, which agrees with the theoretical predictions. Neither a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect nor a thermal-induced mode instability effect has been observed at ultimate power level, and the beam quality factor

M

2

is measured to be less than 1.2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power for a narrow linewidth single-channel fiber laser system reported so far operating at 1030 nm.
FiO LS 2020 and Quantum 2.0
Authors: OPN Staff
Published: November 2020

Aided by an upgraded, interactive interface, OSA’s
long-standing annual conference—and a brand-new one focused on
emerging quantum technologies—went all-virtual in September
2020.
Galaxy and Apollo as a biologist-friendly interface for high-quality cooperative phage genome annotation
Authors: Ramsey Jolene , Rasche Helena , Maughmer Cory , Criscione Anthony , Mijalis Eleni , Liu Mei , Hu James C. , Young Ry , Gill Jason J.
Published: November 2020

In the modern genomic era, scientists without extensive bioinformatic training need to apply high-power computational analyses to critical tasks like phage genome annotation. At the Center for Phage Technology (CPT), we developed a suite of phage-oriented tools housed in open, user-friendly web-based interfaces. A Galaxy platform conducts computationally intensive analyses and Apollo, a collaborative genome annotation editor, visualizes the results of these analyses. The collection includes open source applications such as the BLAST+ suite, InterProScan, and several gene callers, as well as unique tools developed at the CPT that allow maximum user flexibility. We describe in detail programs for finding Shine-Dalgarno sequences, resources used for confident identification of lysis genes such as spanins, and methods used for identifying interrupted genes that contain frameshifts or introns. At the CPT, genome annotation is separated into two robust segments that are facilitated through the automated execution of many tools chained together in an operation called a workflow. First, the structural annotation workflow results in gene and other feature calls. This is followed by a functional annotation workflow that combines sequence comparisons and conserved domain searching, which is contextualized to allow integrated evidence assessment in functional prediction. Finally, we describe a workflow used for comparative genomics. Using this multi-purpose platform enables researchers to easily and accurately annotate an entire phage genome. The portal can be accessed at https://cpt.tamu.edu/galaxy-pub with accompanying user training material.
Leveraging functional annotation to identify genes associated with complex diseases
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Mo , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhou Geyu , Wu Xing , Wang Jiawei , Lu Qiongshi , Zhao Hongyu
Published: November 2020

To increase statistical power to identify genes associated with complex traits, a number of transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) methods have been proposed using gene expression as a mediating trait linking genetic variations and diseases. These methods first predict expression levels based on inferred expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and then identify expression-mediated genetic effects on diseases by associating phenotypes with predicted expression levels. The success of these methods critically depends on the identification of eQTLs, which may not be functional in the corresponding tissue, due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the correlation of gene expression between tissues. Here, we introduce a new method called T-GEN (Transcriptome-mediated identification of disease-associated Genes with Epigenetic aNnotation) to identify disease-associated genes leveraging epigenetic information. Through prioritizing SNPs with tissue-specific epigenetic annotation, T-GEN can better identify SNPs that are both statistically predictive and biologically functional. We found that a significantly higher percentage (an increase of 18.7% to 47.2%) of eQTLs identified by T-GEN are inferred to be functional by ChromHMM and more are deleterious based on their Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores. Applying T-GEN to 207 complex traits, we were able to identify more trait-associated genes (ranging from 7.7% to 102%) than those from existing methods. Among the identified genes associated with these traits, T-GEN can better identify genes with high (>0.99) pLI scores compared to other methods. When T-GEN was applied to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, we identified 96 genes located at 15 loci, including two novel loci not implicated in previous GWAS. We further replicated 50 genes in an independent GWAS, including one of the two novel loci.
Stochastic colonization of hosts with a finite lifespan can drive individual host microbes out of equilibrium
Authors: Zapién-Campos Román , Sieber Michael , Traulsen Arne
Published: November 2020

Macroorganisms are inhabited by microbial communities that often change through the lifespan of an individual. One of the factors contributing to this change is colonization from the environment. The colonization of initially microbe-free hosts is particularly interesting, as their microbiome depends entirely on microbes of external origin. We present a mathematical model of this process with a particular emphasis on the effect of ecological drift and a finite host lifespan. Our results indicate the host lifespan becomes especially relevant for short-living organisms (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Danio rerio). In this case, alternative microbiome states (often called enterotypes), the coexistence of microbe-free and colonized hosts, and a reduced probability of colonization can be observed in our model. These results unify multiple reported observations around colonization and suggest that no selective or deterministic drivers are necessary to explain them.
Spatial considerations in the resolution of inflammation: Elucidating leukocyte interactions via an experimentally-calibrated agent-based model
Authors: Bayani Anahita , Dunster Joanne L. , Crofts Jonathan J. , Nelson Martin R.
Published: November 2020

Many common medical conditions (such as cancer, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and others) are associated with inflammation, and even more so when combined with the effects of ageing and multimorbidity. While the inflammatory response varies in different tissue types, under disease and in response to therapeutic interventions, it has common interactions that occur between immune cells and inflammatory mediators. Understanding these underlying inflammatory mechanisms is key in progressing treatments and therapies for numerous inflammatory conditions. It is now considered that constituent mechanisms of the inflammatory response can be actively manipulated in order to drive resolution of inflammatory damage; particularly, those mechanisms related to the pro-inflammatory role of neutrophils and the anti-inflammatory role of macrophages. In this article, we describe the assembly of a hybrid mathematical model in which the spatial spread of inflammatory mediators is described through partial differential equations, and immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) are described individually via an agent-based modelling approach. We pay close attention to how immune cells chemotax toward pro-inflammatory mediators, presenting a model for cell chemotaxis that is calibrated against experimentally observed cell trajectories in healthy and COPD-affected scenarios. We illustrate how variations in key model parameters can drive the switch from resolution of inflammation to chronic outcomes, and show that aberrant neutrophil chemotaxis can move an otherwise healthy outcome to one of chronicity. Finally, we reflect on our results in the context of the on-going hunt for new therapeutic interventions.
The prefoldin complex stabilizes the von Hippel-Lindau protein against aggregation and degradation
Authors: Chesnel Franck , Couturier Anne , Alusse Adrien , Gagné Jean-Philippe , Poirier Guy G. , Jean Dominique , Boisvert François-Michel , Hascoet Pauline , Paillard Luc , Arlot-Bonnemains Yannick , Le Goff Xavier
Published: November 2020

Loss of von Hippel-Lindau protein pVHL function promotes VHL diseases, including sporadic and inherited clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Mechanisms controlling pVHL function and regulation, including folding and stability, remain elusive. Here, we have identified the conserved cochaperone prefoldin complex in a screen for pVHL interactors. The prefoldin complex delivers non-native proteins to the chaperonin T-complex-protein-1-ring (TRiC) or Cytosolic Chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) to assist folding of newly synthesized polypeptides. The pVHL-prefoldin interaction was confirmed in human cells and prefoldin knock-down reduced pVHL expression levels. Furthermore, when pVHL was expressed inSchizosaccharomyces pombe, all prefoldin mutants promoted its aggregation. We mapped the interaction of prefoldin with pVHL at the exon2-exon3 junction encoded region. Low levels of the PFDN3 prefoldin subunit were associated with poor survival in ccRCC patients harboring VHL mutations. Our results link the prefoldin complex with pVHL folding and this may impact VHL diseases progression.
TOR Complex 2- independent mutations in the regulatory PIF pocket of Gad8AKT1/SGK1 define separate branches of the stress response mechanisms in fission yeast
Authors: Pataki Emese , Simhaev Luba , Engel Hamutal , Cohen Adiel , Kupiec Martin , Weisman Ronit
Published: November 2020

The Target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase forms part of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR complex 2 (TORC2), two multi-subunit protein complexes that regulate growth, proliferation, survival and developmental processes by phosphorylation and activation of AGC-family kinases. In the fission yeast,Schizosaccharomyces pombe, TORC2 and its target, the AGC kinase Gad8 (an orthologue of human AKT or SGK1) are required for viability under stress conditions and for developmental processes in response to starvation cues. In this study, we describe the isolation ofgad8mutant alleles that bypass the requirement for TORC2 and reveal a separation of function of TORC2 and Gad8 under stress conditions. In particular, osmotic and nutritional stress responses appear to form a separate branch from genotoxic stress responses downstream of TORC2-Gad8. Interestingly, TORC2-independent mutations map into the regulatory PIF pocket of Gad8, a highly conserved motif in AGC kinases that regulates substrate binding in PDK1 (phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1) and kinase activity in several AGC kinases. Gad8 activation is thought to require a two-step mechanism, in which phosphorylation by TORC2 allows further phosphorylation and activation by Ksg1 (an orthologue of PDK1). We focus on the Gad8-K263C mutation and demonstrate that it renders the Gad8 kinase activity independent of TORC2in vitroand independent of the phosphorylation sites of TORC2in vivo. Molecular dynamics simulations of Gad8-K263C revealed abnormal high flexibility at T387, the phosphorylation site for Ksg1, suggesting a mechanism for the TORC2-independent Gad8 activity. Significantly, the K263 residue is highly conserved in the family of AGC-kinases, which may suggest a general way of keeping their activity in check when acting downstream of TOR complexes.
A matematikai gondolkodás fejlettségi szintje beilleszkedési, magatartási és tanulási nehézséggel küzdő 5–8. évfolyamos diákok körében
Authors: Ökördi Réka , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: November 2020

Az 5-8. osztályos BTMN státuszú diákok fejlesztésének egyik megoldatlan, ám a sikeres fejlesztéshez feltétlenül szükséges területe a gondolkodás fejlesztése. Miután a különböző tantárgyak közül leginkább a matematikaórán valósul meg a gondolkodási képességek fejlesztése (Molnár és Csapó, 2019), ezért a tanulmány keretein belül azt a kérdést vizsgáltuk, hogy a magyarországi fejlesztőpedagógiai foglalkozásokon explicit vagy implicit módon, de szerepel-e a matematikai gondolkodás fejlesztése a kitűzött célok között. A tanulmány első felében összefoglaltuk az eredményes matematikaoktatáshoz szükséges célokat, áttekintettük a matematikai teljesítményt befolyásoló főbb tényezőket és a matematikai tanulási nehézségek mögött rejlő, a matematikaoktatásban gyökerező problémákat feltáró kutatásokat. Dokumentumelemzést végeztünk négy eltérő célcsoporttal rendelkező iskola BTMN státuszú diákjainak szakértői véleményét vizsgálva abból a szempontból, hogy a matematikai gondolkodás vizsgálata és az ennek fejlesztésére tett javaslatok milyen támpontokat adhatnak a fejlesztőpedagógusi munkához. Az eredmények szerint a szakirodalomban feltárt nehézségek és hiányosságok fellelhetők ezekben a dokumentumokban is. A feldolgozott szakértői vélemények alapján elmondható, hogy a vizsgált szakszolgálatok gyakorlatában a matematikai képességek vizsgálata és az ennek alapján megfogalmazott fejlesztési javaslatok elsősorban a számfogalomra és az aritmetikai műveletek elvégzésének képességére koncentrálnak. E területek megfelelő fejlettsége a matematikai gondolkodás szükséges, de nem elégséges feltételei, ugyanakkor a szakértői véleményekből hiányoznak a további tényezők és feltételek, melyek nélkül nem készülhet komplex fejlesztési tervre tett szakértői javaslat. A tanulmány mintegy vitaindítóként kívánja felhívni a figyelmet e hiányosságok lehetséges okaira, és a gyakorlatban rejlő buktatókra.
ISKOLA - járvány idején (1. rész)
Authors: Jakab György
Published: November 2020

Az írás a koronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) járvány nyomán bevezetett kényszerű iskolabezárások oktatási hatásait vizsgálja. Alapvető célja az, hogy felvázolja az első – tekinthető – jelenségek értelmezési kereteit, amelyek a későbbiekben segíthetik a tapasztalatok és tanulságok feldolgozását. A kutatás a következő területekre irányul: a digitális technika szerepe az oktatásban; az iskolai szelekció alakulása; a digitális pedagógiai kultúra fogalma; az oktatásirányítás szerepe; az érintettek viszonyának megváltozása.
Digitális átállás – az első hét tapasztalatai
Authors: Mariann Fekete
Published: November 2020

A koronavírus járvány következtében a világ számos országában rövidebb – hosszabb időre bezárnak az iskolák és digitális munkarendre, távoktatásra állnak át a fertőzésveszély csökkentése érdekében. Az, hogy miként tudnak helytállni ebben az új oktatási szisztémában az iskolák, a pedagógusok és a tanulók, az nagyon erősen összefügg többek között az adott ország oktatási rendszerének jellemzőivel, az oktatásra fordított GDP arányával, az oktatás digitalizáltságának fokával, a pedagógusok és tanulók IKT eszközökkel való ellátottságával, a szükséges technikai készségek birtoklásával, az ezzel kapcsolatos attitűddel és a motivációval. Magyarországon a digitális oktatásra való átállásra rendkívül rövid határidővel rákényszerített felek (tanárok, tanulók, szülők) közösségi médiában megjelenő véleményének feltérképezésére, a kirajzolódó mintázatok megragadására, problémaészlelésre vállalkozunk ebben a tanulmányban egy szentiment analízis révén.
A borárakat meghatározó tényezők Magyarországon, különös tekintettel a földrajzi árujelzőkre = Factors determining wine prices in Hungary, especially regarding geographical indications
Authors:   , Gál Péter
Published: November 2020

Jelen dolgozat célja a borárakra ható tényezők feltárása a magyar piacon. Vizsgálatom fókuszában azon tényezők állnak, amelyek a borok eladói és vevői (fogyasztói) között meglévő információs aszimmetria feloldására szolgálnak, valamint, az a kérdés, hogy ezen elemek miképpen magyarázzák az egyes borok árai között tapasztalt különbségeket.A bor készítésének és fogyasztásának története több ezer évre nyúlik vissza (Lőrincz és Barócsi, 2010), és e hagyomány mélyen beágyazódott a nyugati kultúrkörbe. A bor – tudományos szempontból – ugyanakkor nem csak fogyasztása vagy termelése kapcsán népszerű téma. A közgazdászok számára a borászat, a bor és különösen a jó bor Storchmann (2012) megfogalmazása szerint elsősorban a nagy árkülönbségek, hosszú eltarthatósága (miközben akár értékét is növelheti), az évjárati hatások és az ár kapcsolata, valamint amiatt lehet érdekes, mert tapasztalati termékként minősége csak elfogyasztását követően ítélhető meg.A borok világa változatosságának mértékét tekintve jelentősen kiemelkedik a mezőgazdaság többi szektora közül. Ez a változatosság a piacon is megjelenik, nem gyakori, hogy bármely más mezőgazdasági termékért ennyire különböző árakat kérjenek el azok termelői vagy értékesítői.
The Impact of Combining Nutrition Education with Active Choice on the Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Second Grade Students
Authors: Cafiero Robyn M. , Bai Yeon , Feldman Charles , Liou Doreen
Published: November 2020

Daily intake of fruits and vegetables provides the basis for healthy nutrition. Yet low consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) persists among school-aged children. Framed by the Social Cognitive Theory, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nutrition lessons combined with an active choice intervention on children’s FV consumption. Using a quasi-experimental design, 89 second graders were assigned to groups. Students in the experimental group (n=46) received four nutrition lessons combined with nine active choice sessions, while those in the control group (n=43) received active choice sessions only. Responses to pre- and post-intervention surveys that inquired FV knowledge and consumption were compared within and between groups using independent and paired t-tests. Empowered by improved knowledge, self-efficacy and the positive environment created through nutrition lessons and active choice, the experimental group showed improvement in consumption behavior compared to the control group at post-intervention: bringing FV to school and finish eating (69.7 vs. 51.2, p=.05 for fruits; 43.5 vs. 39.5, p=.41 for vegetables); like choosing FV (84.8 vs. 65.1, p=.01); like to eat more FV (80.4 vs. 62.8, p=.16); FV are healthy (100 vs. 95.3, p=.14). The magnitude of improvement is small yet consistent in every aspect of outcome measures. Combining nutrition education with the active choice component showed potential for a larger impact on behavior change among study participants. Parental support and community involvement could enhance the effectiveness of nutrition education in schools.
Impact of Environmental Sanitation and Hygienic Practices on Nutritional Status of Lodha Women and Children of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sabud Prasanta , Ghosh Tarapada , Dhar Arup , Dutta Sarnali , Bisai Samiran , Choudhury Sujata Maiti
Published: November 2020

Aim
To assess the sanitation and hygienic practices of women and its effects on the nutritional status of the mother and preschool children of the Lodha tribal community in two districts of West Bengal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted during November, 2014 - December, 2018 of 941 Lodha mothers and 1043 of their preschool children in Paschim Medinipur and Jhargram districts. All information was collected by using KAP questionnaire following interview and group discussion. Mother nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index (BMI) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). A child was classified as underweight, stunting and wasting as weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-of -height Z-score below -2 standard deviation of WHO standard.

Results
This study found 35% of the households used safe drinking water. Almost 97.2% of the mother had the low hand wash score and about 67.1% of them had an average WaSH score. Overall, 41.6% and 1.6% mothers were suffered from undernutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and overweight/obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2). Whereas, 48.9% women were undernourished based on MUAC<22.0cm. Moreover, the overall prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight of preschool children was 31.9%, 62.1% and 61.3%, respectively. The WaSH score of family was significantly associated with child stunted and underweight.

Conclusion
There is a good association between poor household WaSH practices with child undernutrition and morbidity. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop the comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) guidelines in their language to educate them about appropriate water storage, retrieval methods, sanitation and hand washing practices.
Prevention of Aging and Improvement of Longevity and Life-Span in D-Galactose Induced Aging Rats After Treatment with the Biofield Energy Per Se and Biofield Treated Proprietary Test Formulation
Authors: Trivedi Mahendra Kumar , Branton Alice , Trivedi Dahryn , Jana Snehasis
Published: November 2020

The study was aimed to investigate the potential benefits of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) per se and Biofield Energy Healing treated novel test formulation in male Sprague Dawley rats for their antiaging activity by monitoring aging biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), silent information regulator-1 (SIRT-1), and klotho protein. The test formulation was distributed into two parts. First part did not provide any Biofield Energy Treatment was denoted as the untreated sample, however the second part was received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. In this experiment, nine groups (n=10) were assigned, in which four were preventive maintenance groups. Among them, three groups of animals were also received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment per se (at day -15). BDNF was significantly increased by 25.83%, 19.35%, and 14.67% in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G5), Biofield Energy Treatment per se at day -15 (G6), and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals plus Biofield Treated test formulation from day -15 (G8), respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Moreover, expression of SIRT-1 protein was increased by 14.63% in the G5 group than the untreated test formulation (G4) group. Additionally, SIRT-1 activity was increased by 39.7%, 32.5%, 15.9%, and 136% in the G6, Biofield Energy Treated test formulation at day -15 (G7), G8, and Biofield Treatment per se (day -15) to animals plus untreated test formulation (G9) groups, respectively than the G4 group, while it was increased by 57.3% in the G9 group as compared to the G2 group. Besides, Klotho protein in kidney homogenate was significantly increased by 16.67% in the G5 group as compared to the G2 group. Altogether, the results showed a significant improvement of longevity mediators and antiaging biomarkers in the preventive maintenance groups. Therefore, results envisaged the significant slowdown of aging-related disorders and other complications in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group and could be utilized against various aging-related disorders like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, cataracts, type 2 diabetes, cancer, etc. along with it could be used to extend the life-span, stress and immune-related disorders.
Reactive Stepping Responses Mediated by Predictable Manual Waist-Pull Perturbations are Associated with Fall History in Older Adults
Authors: Gangwani Rachana , Bhatt Tanvi , Bohannon Richard , DePasquale Louis
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose
The ability to respond effectively to perturbations is a key element of reactive postural control and is a crucial mediator of falls. Several studies exist in the literature that determine older adults’ responses to perturbations, however those studies typically involve procedures that lack objectivity or applicability outside a laboratory. A study involving waist-pull perturbations with a spring-scale (SS) is an exception. In that study, fall history was most accurately differentiated by a reactive stepping response to a perturbing force of 10% total body weight. Using data from that study, we retrospectively examined the association between fall history and the number of steps accompanying a SS perturbing force of 10% total body weight in older adults. For perspective, the association of fall history with Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and single limb stance (SLS) times was also determined.

Methods
Fifty-eight healthy older adults (mean age = 80.7 years) participated in the study. Their 2-year fall history (yes, no) was recorded. All participants underwent SS testing with one-pound incremental, horizontal sagittal plane manual waist-pull perturbations. The number of steps in response to perturbation with 10% total body weight was recorded; TUG and SLS tests were performed. Associations between variables were examined using Spearman (rank-biserial) correlations.

Results
The median number of steps for fallers was 5 in both anterior and posterior directions. For non-fallers, the median number of steps was 1 and 2 in the anterior and posterior directions, respectively. The significant correlations between fall status and number of steps were 0.772 and 0.813 for the anterior and posterior directions, respectively. Similarly, the significant correlations between fall status and balance tests were 0.722 and -0.456 for the TUG and the SLS, respectively.

Conclusions
The number of steps accompanying waist-pull perturbations with forces of 10% of body weight were highly explanatory of experiencing a fall during the preceding 2 years.
Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Knowledge among TB Patients in Gakenke District, Rwanda
Authors: Hakizimana Innocent , Rutayisire Erigene
Published: November 2020

Knowledge of tuberculosis has been shown to influence health seeking behaviour. The study aim was to assess knowledge of tuberculosis and identify the associated factors. This study was a cross sectional descriptive research design with quantitative approach. The target population was the TB patients visited health facilities in Gakenke District. A sample of 376 TB patients was randomly selected from three health centers. Interview-administrated structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 376 TB patients. Data was analyzed with SPSS-version 22. The study protocol was approved by Mount Kenya University Rwanda. The majority of respondents 71.0% were male, 51.6% were aged 45 years and above, 81.9% were married, and 65.2% had completed primary education. Few respondents identified a germ as the cause of TB (24.7%). This study revealed that 54.3% of TB patients had good knowledge about TB. The findings from multivariate analysis show that male were three times more likely to have good knowledge about TB compared to female (AOR=3.31, 95%CI: 1.98-5.53, p<0.001). Compared to TB patients aged 45 years and above, respondents aged 25-34 years old were more likely to have good knowledge about TB (AOR=38.71, 95%CI: 9.22-162.48, p<0.001). TB patients who live between 2-5 km from nearest health facility were more likely to have good knowledge about TB compared to those who live at more than 5 km (AOR=33.58, 95%CI: 14.95-74.40, p<0.001). The ministry of health and other stakeholders in health sector need to continue the interventions that aim to reduce TB infection.
Graiurile poloneze din Poiana Micului şi Bulai (Bucovina de Sud) – o perspectivă sociolingvistică de tip comparativ pe baza ALAB
Authors: Olariu Florin-Teodor , Olariu Veronica
Published: November 2020

The Polish communities from Bukovina have been studied in the last period through several research projects, initiated by both Polish and Romanian researchers. One of them is the Audiovisual Linguistic Atlas of Bukovina (ALAB), which aims to realize a radiography in multimedia format of the ethnolinguistic diversity of Bukovina. Regarding the Polish ethnic minority, in 2016 two field studies have been carried out in two localities: Bulai and Poiana Micului. Following the analysis of the material thus obtained, we managed to capture some characteristics both at the linguistic and the sociolinguistic level that individualize the two communities. Thus, from a linguistic point of view, the two dialects are different both at phonetic and lexical level, the Bulai dialect being more similar to the Polish literary language. At the sociolinguistic level has been observed the presence of a strong epilinguistic component in the Polish people speech, based on the representations and the attitudes that the Polish ethnic groups have regarding the status and the vitality of their own dialects.
The genesis model of carbonate cementation in the tight oil reservoir: A case of Chang 6 oil layers of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the western Jiyuan area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Li Shutong , Li Shixiang , Zhou Xinping , Ma Xiaofeng , Guo Ruiliang , Zhang Jiaqiang , Chen Junlin
Published: November 2020

Carbonate cementation is one of the significant tightness factors in Chang 6 reservoir of the western Jiyuan (WJY) area. Based on the observation of core and thin sections, connecting-well profile analysis as well as carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, it is found that ferrocalcite is the main carbonate cements in the Chang 6 reservoir of the WJY area. The single sand body controls the development of carbonate cements macroscopically. Both carbonate cements and calcite veins hold similar diagenetic conditions: the dissolution of plagioclase is the main calcium source and the de-acidification of organic acids is the main carbon source. The diagenetic stage is identified as the mesogenetic A stage. The sedimentary environment is of low salinity. Accordingly, the development model of carbonate cementation in Chang 6 reservoir is summarized into three types: “eggshell pattern,” “cutting pattern,” and “favorable reservoir pattern.” The development degree of carbonate cementation affects the physical properties of reservoir.
Analysis of surface deformation and driving forces in Lanzhou
Authors: Wang Wenhui , He Yi , Zhang Lifeng , Chen Youdong , Qiu Lisha , Pu Hongyu
Published: November 2020

Surface deformation has become an important factor affecting urban development. Lanzhou is an important location in the Belt and Road Initiative, an international development policy implemented by the Chinese government. Because of rapid urbanization in Lanzhou, surface deformation occurs easily. However, the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation and the interaction of driving forces behind surface deformation in Lanzhou are unclear. This paper uses small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology to obtain the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation in Lanzhou based on 32 Sentinel-1A data from March 2015 to January 2017. We further employ a geographical detector (geo-detector) to analyze the driving forces (single-factor effects and multifactor interactions) of surface deformation. The results show that the central urban area of Lanzhou was stable, while there was surface deformation around Nanhuan road, Dongfanghong Square, Jiuzhou, Country Garden, Dachaiping, Yujiaping, Lanzhou North Freight Yard, and Liuquan Town. The maximum deformation rate was −26.50 mm year−1, and the maximum rate of increase was 9.80 mm year−1. The influence factors of surface deformation in Lanzhou was a complex superposition relationship among various influencing factors, not a result of the single factor. The interaction between the built-up area and land cover types was the most important factor behind surface deformation in Lanzhou. This paper provides the reference data and scientific foundation for disaster prevention in Lanzhou.
Comparison between electrical resistivity tomography and tunnel seismic prediction 303 methods for detecting the water zone ahead of the tunnel face: A case study
Authors: Dastanboo Nima , Li Xiao-Qing , Gharibdoost Hamed
Published: November 2020

In deep tunnels with hydro-geological conditions, it is paramount to investigate the geological structure of the region before excavating a tunnel; otherwise, unanticipated accidents may cause serious damage and delay the project. The purpose of this study is to investigate the geological properties ahead of a tunnel face using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and tunnel seismic prediction (TSP) methods. During construction of the Nosoud Tunnel located in western Iran, ERT and TSP 303 methods were employed to predict geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face. In this article, the results of applying these methods are discussed. In this case, we have compared the results of the ERT method with those of the TSP 303 method. This work utilizes seismic methods and electrical tomography as two geophysical techniques are able to detect rock properties ahead of a tunnel face. This study shows that although the results of these two methods are in good agreement with each other, the results of TSP 303 are more accurate and higher quality. Also, we believe that using another geophysical method, in addition to TSP 303, could be helpful in making decisions in support of excavation, especially in complicated geological conditions.
«Servant» or «Master?»: Catholic Ethics and Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yazkova Veronika
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the attitude of the Vatican and Catholic community to various systems of artificial intelligence (AI), ethical standards of its use in the context of the common good and social fairness. Catholic hierarchs assert that the situation case when the information offered by BigData, power, and also wealth is concentrated in hands of quiet, pretty, relatively few powerful people tend to aggravate social contradictions and conflicts. Moreover, it can provoke an infringement of civil rights and democratic freedom in European communities. The «Rome Call» for an AI Ethics, signed in February of 2020 by the Pontifical Academy of Life and IT industry leaders, has become a landmark policy agreement in the area of AI ethics. This document is a logical continuation of agreements like «EU guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence» and also «Policy and investment recommendations for trustworthy AI» adopted by the European Commission in 2019. Church hierarchs and Catholic theologians affirm that the formation of AI ethical code could be accomplished only with the participation of the entire civil society and the Catholic Church, inspired by the norms of Christian morality and also by the principles of its Social Doctrine.
The European Clean Hydrogen Alliance
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: November 2020

On July 8, 2020 the European Commission has adopted a new hydrogen strategy. On the same day, the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance was established. It was formed in the same way as of the European Battery Alliance and received the status of an Important Project of Common European Interest. The article analyzes the goals, objectives, structure, and prospects for the new structure, and examines the opportunities for Russian companies to participate in it. The author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of transition from the EU countries to a climate-neutral economy, Brussels relies on the development and large-scale state support of strategic ecosystems. First of all, this applies to the hydrogen sphere. With the help of the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance, it should ensure that the strategic goals of the European green deal are met