bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fede cristiana, devozione mariana e pandemia da covid-19. Il “caso” della comunità di Biancavilla (Ct)
Authors: Ciarocchi Valerio
Published: April 2021

The crisis dramatically resulting from the sudden pandemic for Covid-19 had immediate and long-term consequences. From a religious point of view, what were the answers? The civil and ecclesial community of Biancavilla country is unique in the Etna province and in Valdemone, since it is the only one of Arbëreshë origin, although now Latinized, arrived and finally settled at the foot of Etna, after the exile following the fall of Byzantium. The exiles brought with them an icon of the Mary of almsgiving, which is to some extent at the origin of the foundation of the town. The local historical, social and religious history is linked to the cult, first Byzantine, then Latin, of the Virgin of Mercy, and its icon. The people of Biancavilla country have always devoted their devotion to it, especially on the occasion of wars, famines, plagues, obtaining, according to the faith of the people, the favor of the Virgin, despite the fact that neighboring communities were equally affected. We want to report the “case” of the Biancavilla community, which faced the health emergency caused by Covid-19, also from a religious point of view with a constant, broad, varied commitment, not only liturgical or devotional, but also educational. Expressing once again its Christian faith in devotion to the Virgin of Alms, her patron. While the commitment of the clergy to a constant liturgical and pastoral activity has not been lacking, the faithful also maintained the oratorio and educational activities through the use of the internet, using all the communication channels available, with positive results also with respect to other civil and religious communities, during the long period of isolation, keeping personal and community relationships alive. The biancavillese marian devotion therefore permeated and acted as an agglutinant of the overall estate of the small town of Biancavilla.
Lockdown e “Chiesa in uscita”. Un caso di studio in Italia: la fraternità “AGBP”
Authors: Turco Daniela
Published: April 2021

The impetuosity of the Sars-Covid 2 infection has been remarkable, quickly upsetting the habits of individuals in every seat of the planet. We can observe, on the one hand, the individuals, lost and called to redefine every area of their daily lives. On the other, the institutions that, seizing this loss, have been called to play their essential role of creating and strengthening social bonds. The Catholic Church has promoted respect for the norms, without renouncing a “religious offer” which seems to have responded to an effective demand for accompaniment with a lot of possibility to chose on line liturgical celebrations, with a multiplicity of forms and possibilities of access. Among the various options possible, it was decided to focus attention on a specific case: the case of the fraternity “Amici di Gesù Buon Pastore” (AGBP), which has experienced a significant increase in its followers in the days of lockdown. In particular, we will ask ourselves what so many spiritual-followers have been looking for and if (and how) this interest, born during the quarantine period, can transform the new forms of religious belonging into a context where the historical religions seem to be unattractive if compared to the many alternatives of spirituality present on the “market”.
Parameters of robotic mechanotherapy BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO Dual Position Back Ext / Flex with biofeedback in the treatment by patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Sergeev K. S. , Appel M. I. ,   “Medical Center Doctor Ost” LLC, Tyumen, Kuznetsov I. V. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Mazovetsky S. B. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Baranov V. N. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess the dynamics of pain syndrome in patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine using the method of mechanotherapy using the BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO Dual Position Back Ext / Flex apparatus with biofeedback. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the treatment of 27 patients with chronic and acute lumbodynia in the subacute stage was carried out. On the robotic complex BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO Dual Position Back Ext / Flex with biological feedback, the average value of the maximum torque was determined: 60 (Nm) for the flexors of the trunk, 155.5 (Nm) for the extensors of the trunk and 215.5 (Nm) for the muscles of the trunk (sum of the flexors and extensors of the trunk). Results. The main result of the work was to determine the safe torque at the time of the treatment procedure. For the flexor muscles of the trunk, the average values ranged from 40-90 Nm, for the extensor muscles of the trunk – from 50 to 300 Nm. Conclusions. Complex rehabilitation in patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine using the robotic complex BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO Dual Position Back Ext / Flex with biofeedback allows to relieve local pain syndrome.
Modern approaches to the treatment of mechanical jaundice on the background of malignant damage of the pancreatobiliary zone
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Borodin N. A. , Petukhova G. A. ,   Medical hospital “Neftyannik”, Tyumen, Zaitsev E. U. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen,   Medical hospital “Neftyannik”, Tyumen, Leimanchenko I. A. ,   Medical hospital “Neftyannik”, Tyumen, Maltseva O. V. ,   Medical hospital “Neftyannik”, Tyumen, Zaykova M. A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Morgunova E. D. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study the role of tumors of the pancreatobiliary zone in the development of obstructive jaundice. To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Materials and methods. The study is based on the results of the activities of JSC “MSU Neftyanik” in Tyumen for 2011-2020. During this period, 1284 patients with obstructive jaundice were admitted for emergency indications. Of this number, 181 patients had signs of cancerous lesions of the organs of the pancreatobiliary zone. The results obtained were used to evaluate effective endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients in this group. Results. Malignant lesion of the pancreatobiliary zone is 14.3% of all cases of emergency treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice. The main cause is cancer of the pancreas, cancer of the bile ducts, as well as cancer of the large duodenal papilla and compression of the bile ducts “from the outside”. Performing emergency duodenoscopy on the first day after admission of patients made it possible to accurately verify the cancerous nature of the disease in the vast majority of patients. The most effective method for the relief of biliary hypertension syndrome in this group is bile duct stenting. Despite the varied nature of the cancer lesion, effective stenting was achieved in 71.3% of patients. If it is technically impossible to carry out stenting, minimally invasive puncture catheterization of the intrahepatic bile ducts is performed. Conclusion. Currently, cancer of the pancreatobiliary zone was established in every 5-7 patients with obstructive jaundice. Emergency duodenoscopy and ERCH is an effective diagnostic method that allows you to verify the “cancerous” nature of jaundice with a probability close to 100%. The most effective method of bile duct decompression in this group of patients is endoscopic transpapillary stenting.
Features of the physique of children of individual constitutions and social groups
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Koynosov P. G. , Vikhareva L. V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Koynosov Al. P. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Orlov S. A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Putina N. Yu. ,   City Polyclinic No. 12, Tyumen, Ushakova S. A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen
Published: April 2021

Goal. To establish the features of the anatomical structure of the body of young men and women of various constitutional types and social groups. Material and methods. The somatotypological features of 328 children aged 17-18 years, who were students of secondary educational institutions of the Tyumen region, were determined. The data on the study were distributed according to the following characteristics: age, gender, constitution, and social group. The main group consisted of people who lived in dysfunctional families, and the children from the control group grew up and were brought up in prosperous conditions. Results. The study significantly complements the data on the physical development of young children of different constitutions and social groups of the Tyumen region. The obtained metric characteristics are the basis for creating an algorithm for evaluating somatic types in the considered child population. The morphotypological deviations in physical development revealed in the course of the study make it possible to prevent the development of pathological processes and to correct the existing disorders. Conclusion. Individual and typological features of the physique are recommended for use in the selection of preventive measures for health protection in educational institutions and the development of regional corrective health programs.
IDENTIFIKASI LOGAM BERAT Hg, Pb DAN Cd DI ALIRAN SUNGAI BATANG KUANTAN, KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Asril Asregi , Murwindra Rosa , Ningsih Jumriana Rahayu
Published: April 2021

The identification of heavy metals Hg, Pb and Cd in the Batang Kuantan River, Kuantan Singingi Regency has been carried out successfully. Heavy metals are measured not only from their heavy metal content such as Hg, Pb and Cd but also from the pH level of the river flow itself. The research location is at the Batang Kuantan River, which is measured from 3 points. Changes in Data Observed / Measured are the quality levels of heavy metals in the waters. The research model used includes field research using survey and laboratory methods. The research design was analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectometer (AAS). The water sample was given HNO3 until it was acidic and filtered so that there was no sedimentation, then analyzed by AAS. Heavy metal analysis result data technique is compared with quality standard of government regulation no 82 of 2001 regarding water pollution control and water quality management. Pb did not have a problem because the levels were not found. Whereas for Cu and Cd in the category of concentration threshold for reasonableness, which ranged from 0.158-0.1598 ppm and 0.0233-0.2769 ppm.
Correlation Between Neutrofil-Limphocyte Ratio Before Chemoteraphy and Objective Response Platinum based Chemoteraphy on Lung Cancer Patient
Authors: Faot Nikson Eduard , Pradjoko Isnu
Published: April 2021

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer. One type of cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The body fights against cancer cells by immune surveillance mechanisms involving the role of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Chemotherapy is a modality that is usually used as a therapy in patients’ NSCLC. To assess chemotherapy’s prognostic, research needs to be done to find the relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio before chemotherapy with objective response after chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC

Methods: This study was an observational study of retrospective cohort analytics which samples are secondary data from medical records of NSCLC patients in RSUD Dr. Soetomo who received chemotherapy by linking the neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio before chemotherapy with objective response after chemotherapy based on RECIST’s criteria and analyzed by spearman correlation test method and RNL cut off value with ROC curve and kappa test

Results: Sixty-four subjects were analyzed in this study, the relationship of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with chemotherapy objective response after 2 cycles with P=0.354 (
The Test of DLCO Is A Valuable Predictor for Prognostic Determination of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ria Dina Okfina , Suradi Suradi , Aphridasari Jatu , Reviono Reviono , Indarto Dono
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by permanent and progressive air way obstruction. In terms of morbidity, this disease is the first highest pulmonary disease in the world. DLCO is used for measurement of gas transfer from alveoli to blood capillary and Hb level is one of the main factors affecting the gas transfer. The aim of this study was to examine prognosis of patients with stable COPD using lung function, DLCO and Hb tets.
Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to recruit 33 outward patients who suffered stable COPD and visited the Lung Clinic at Public Hospital dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Classification of COPD was determined using GOLD 2016. Airway and lung functions were examined using spirometry and single breath DLCO. Hb level was measured using cyamethemoglobin method. All collected data were analyzed using student t test and p value was set up P
Affect Decreasing Lung Function in Laundry Installation Worker At Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik, Medan
Authors: Saragih Wina Elizabeth Octaria , Nainggolan Nuryunita , Tarigan Amira Permatasari
Published: April 2021

Background: Data from International Labor Organization (ILO) at 2005 shows that there are 250 million case of diseases that related to occupation which can also cause 300.000 death in the world with annual incidence rate of work related lung disease around 1:1000 worker. Laundry worker was included as group that has risk of having occupational pneumoconiosis.
Method: This is a descriptive study using total sampling with sample number 24 patient, this study was done in Laundry Installation of Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan on November 2016. Examination was done by using questionnaire, physical examination, daily PEF (before and after working) for 14 days, spirometry, total room dust, total room bacterial colonization. Factors (age, sex, working duration, smoking history, p.2,5 dust exposure, bacterial exposure, safety equipment usage, and nutritional status) that had potential of affecting the decreasing lung function was assessed.
Result: From PEF examination, we found mean variability 3.1%. from all worker, there are 9 workers that had decreasing lung function ≥3, 1%. From examination result of 9 sample, decreasing lung function mostly caused by smoking (55%) and p.2,5 dust exposure (66%)
Conclusion: Smoking and p.2,5 dust exposure is the most common factors that affected decreasing lung function in laundry worker. (J Respir Indo 2018; 38(2): 109-14)
Breath Failure in Obesity
Authors: Amran Wirya Sastra , Suci Putri , Aspiah Nina , Rasmin Menaldi , Prasenohadi Prasenohadi , Susanto Agus Dwi
Published: April 2021

Based on calculations of over one million people in the world weighing excessively or known as obesity with body mass index (IMT) 25 kg / m2 or more. Obesity is the cause of morbidity, as is the case in the population of the United States an estimated 400,000 deaths caused due to obesity. Obesity especially abdominal obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. The relationship between obesity and chronic respiratory illness began to increase and began to be recognized. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts about 10% of the global population will be obese by 2015. (J Respir Indo 2018; 38(2): 123-33)
Distribution of Lung Cancer Patients in Dharmais Cancer Hospital Year 2008-2012
Authors: Ramadhaniah Fariha , Khairina Desy , Sinulingga Dian Triana , Suzanna Evlina , Jayusman Achmad Mulawarman
Published: April 2021

Background: Lung cancer is the most commonly found cancer. At the population level, the incidence and mortality from lung cancer ranks first among all cancer cases which occur in male and the fourth most common cancer in female, while the survival of lung cancer is very short, namely 13 months. This study describes several variables of lung cancer cases at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital epidemiologically and clinically.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study using the lung cancer data from 2008-2012 in Dharmais Cancer Hospital with hospital-based cancer registration data sources.
Results: Cases of lung cancer in male are three times more common when compared to female and cases begin to increase in the 45-year age group. The location of the tumor was more commonly found in the right lung (48.2%) and adenocarcinoma was the most common type found (41,7%). The cancer stage at the time of the first hospital visit was mostly unknown (60.1%) and bone is the most commonly found (36,4%) metastasis location.
Conclusion: The lung cancer location in the right lung, adenocarcinoma type, stage unknown in the first hospital visit and bone metastasis was the most commonly found epidemiology and clinical lung cancer patients in Dharmais Cancer Hospital. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(1): 31-6)
Hypnotherapy Effectiveness in Bronchoscopy to Control Anxiety, Breathlessness and Cough
Authors: Santosa Teguh Budi , Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Septiawan Debree
Published: April 2021

Background: Patient’s comfort during bronchoscopy is important, as it affects its success and the whole outcome. The short comings of bronchoscopy with general anesthesia are long procedure, high cost, and its complication in respiratory failure patient’s. Hypnosis in various surgery procedures can reduce anxiety. Hypnosis can also be used as a therapy for shortness of breath and chronic cough. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in controling anxiety, breathing shortness a cough of patient’s undergoing bronchoscopy.

Methods: This research is a clinical trial with a quasi-experimental design using the pretest-posttest control group approach using consecutive sampling was performed in patients with lung tumor undergoing bronchoscopy in dr. Moewardi Hospital from July to August 2018. The study subjects were randomized in to hypnotized and non-hypnotized (control groups). Scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), modified Borg, and cough Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured before and after bronchoscopy.

Results: Thirtyseven lung tumor patient’s undergoing bronchoscopy were included in our study. The intervention groups showed decreased HADS (6,68+8,28) and different significantly compared to control group (p
Pulmonary Mycoses in Indonesia: Current Situations and Future Challenges
Authors: Rozaliyani Anna , Jusuf Anwar , ZS Priyanti , Burhan Erlina , Handayani Diah , Widowati Henie , Pratama Satria , Setianingrum Findra
Published: April 2021

Cases of pulmonary mycosis or pulmonary fungal diseases continues to increase in frequency along with the expanding population with impaired immune systems, including patients with pre-existing pulmonary diseases. Changing profile of underlying diseases might cause altering diseases profile as well. In previous decades, Pneumocystis pneumonia was the most common pulmonary mycosis in HIV-infected patients. As the increasing number of TB cases, pulmonary malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain chronic diseases, other pulmonary mycoses also increase such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and other filamentous fungal infection. Furthermore, the airborne fungal particles of Aspergillus and other fungi could seriously worsen asthma or allergic respiratory diseases. In low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, lack of diagnostic facilities may lead to inadequate treatment. It will contribute to poor clinical outcomes with high mortality rates. The awareness among clinicians and other health workers of this epidemiology changes is the important step in early diagnosis and better managemenet of pulmonary mycosis in the future. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(3): 210-4)
Basic Principal for Reading of Chest X Ray Acording to International Labour Organization (ILO) Classification for Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Susanto Agus Dwi
Published: April 2021

Pneumoconiosis is disease that caused by deposition of dust in lung parenchymal with fibrosis was result of it’s reaction. Usually pneumoconiosis diagnose and classified by conventional chest x ray. The International Labour Organization (ILO) described standard system for classified radiograph abnormality of pneumoconiosis based on parenchymal and pleural abnormality. Parenchymal abnormality divided into 2 categories that is small opacities and large opacities. Description steps of chest X ray reading based on ILO classification was technical quality, parenchymal abnormality (shape and size, affected zone and profusion), pleural abnormality (localized, width, extent and severity of calcification) and other abnormality with recorded by symbols (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39: 272-9)
Improvement of Anxiety, Coughing, Breathlessness and Pain Control in The Management of Bronchoscopy by Adding Alprazolam
Authors: Ride Yanny Octavia Sally , Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Septiawan Debree
Published: April 2021

Background: Anxiolytic premedication can reduce anxiety, improving procedural tolerance, and reduce postbronchoscopic complications. There was ongoing debate about the safety of bronchoscopist-administered sedation. Alprazolam as a surgical premedication can reduce anxiety. Alprazolam can be used as an adjuvant analgesic, to reduce anxiety-related breathlessness, and to reduce coughing as adjuvant antitussive. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alprazolam in patients undergoing bronchoscopy.
Methods: A clinical study with experimental quasi pre-post test control group design, using consecutive sampling was performed in patients with lung tumor undergoing bronchoscopy in dr.Moewardi Hospital from February to March 2019. The study subjects were divided in experimental (alprazolam) and control groups (without alprazolam). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), VAS for pain score, modified Borg score, and VAS for cough were measured in baseline, before, and after bronchoscopy.
Results: Thirty two lung subjects were included in this study. The intervention groups showed decreased HADS score pre and post bronchoscopy (6.56±2.83 and 6.88±2.63), pain VAS scores (15.00±10.95 and 9.69±11.61), cough VAS score (11.56±8.89 and 27.19±17.89), and these were different significantly compared to control group. We found decreased mean of modified Borg in the study group though they were not significant compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Alprazolam controlled anxiety, coughing, and pain in patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Alprazolam minimized breathlessness after bronchoscopy. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(4): 245-55)
Poly-Phytopharm Increases Act Score and Serum miR-126 Relative Expressions, and Decreases Blood Eosinophil Levels in Asthma Patients
Authors: Ardana I Dewa Putu , Djajalaksana Susanthy , Chozin Iin Noor , Rakhmani Alidha Nur
Published: April 2021

Background: The levels of asthma control is an indicator of asthma management outcomes. A complex immunological mechanism influences it. We aimed to investigate the effect of Poly-Phytopharm on the asthma control tests (ACT) score, blood eosinophil levels, and miR-126 relative expressions in asthma patients.

Methods: Quasi experimental method is used in 15 stable asthma patients who were not fully controlled at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. Assessment of ACT score, blood eosinophil levels, and miR-126 relative expressions are carried out before and after supplementation of Poly-Phytopharm that consist of Nigella sativa 100 mg, Kleinhovia hospita 100 mg, Curcuma xanthorrhiza 75 mg, and Ophiocephalus striatus 100 mg extract, three times a day, two capsules respectively for 12 weeks. The ACT was scored by the investigator by direct questioning of patients, the blood eosinophil level was measured with blood analysis, and the relative expressions of miR-126 was detected with qPCR.

Results: There were significant increase of ACT score (18.07±2.57 to 22.06±1.83, P=0.001), decrease in blood eosinophil levels (653.15±276.15 pg/mL to 460.66±202.04 pg/mL, P=0.038), and enhancement of serum miR-126 relative expressions (1.83±1.89 to 5.89±1.34, P=0.038).

Conclusion: The administration of Poly-Phytopharm increases ACT score, decreases blood eosinophil levels and increases serum miR-126 relative expressions in not fully controlled stable asthma patients. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(4): 231-7)
Hypoxemia Event and Related Factor on Diagnostic Bronchoscopy for Lung Tumor Case
Authors: Putra Andre Prawira , Rasmin Menaldi , Aniwidyaningsih Wahju
Published: April 2021

Background: Bronchoscopy is a commonly medical procedure perfomed for diagnose lung tumor cases. Hypoxemia often appear as complication related diagnostic bronchoscopy. Therefore, there is a need of research data to knowing related factors and clinical consequences may occur ahead.
Methods: Design of this study is cross sectional with suspicion lung malignancy population who undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy from January until april 2019 at National Respiratory Center Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta. Total 195 consecutive patients participated dan observed for oxygen saturation in premedication, during and post-bronchoscopy. Hypoxemia was defined as a desaturation
The Role of Pressure and Duration of Dive on Lung Physiology in Professional and Non-Professional Divers
Authors: Setiawan Jerry Indra , Suradi Suradi , Sutanto Yusup Subagio
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Professional divers have a greater lung volume than non-professional divers in higher force vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) values. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of pressure and duration of diving on changes in lung physiology in professional divers and non-professional divers.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study on the personnel of the Indonesian Navy Dislambair Koarmada II Surabaya and RSAL personnel of dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital in Lakesla Surabaya in March-April 2019. Samples was collected with purposive sampling. This study used unpaired subjects with the independent t-test statistic analysis if the data is normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney U test if the data is not normally distributed

Results: There was a significant difference in the professional divers group compared to non-professional divers group in the values of FVC (P=0.042) and FEV1 (P=0.040) at 1.3 ATA for 10 minutes and the FEV1 (P=0.049) for 20 minutes. No significant differences in FVC (P=0.092) at 1.3 ATA pressure for 20 minutes. There were no significant differences in FVC (P=0.865), FEV1 (P=0.659) at 1.5 ATA pressure for 10 minutes and FVC (P=0.858) and FEV1 (P=0.857) for 20 minutes.

Conclusions: The different pressure in non-professional group could reduce the FEV1 value. There was a difference in the FVC value of the professional diver group and non-professional divers at a pressure of 1.5 ATA for 10 minutes. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 103-12)
Differences of Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Blood of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sufferers with Diabetes Mellitus, Pulmonary Tuberculosis without Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy People in Medan
Authors: Suhartika Eka , Amir Zainuddin , Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena , Eyanoer Putri C
Published: April 2021

Background: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body can increase Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with pulmonary TB and type 2 DM, which causes cell damage and worsens the disease. The body has a protective mechanism from damage caused by increased MDA through enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD and vitamin E. This study aimed to examine the difference in MDA levels in the blood of pulmonary TB patients with type 2 DM, pulmonary tuberculosis without type 2 DM and healthy people in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: This was an analytical study using a case-control approach by measuring MDA levels in pulmonary TB with type 2 DM patients, pulmonary TB patients and healthy people who were treated at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Community Health Centers, and GP’s practice in Medan for 4 months. Blood samples were taken and examined using the ELISA kit. Data were then analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. Results: There were 75 patients recruited in the study in which 45 were males (60%) and 30 were females (40%). The age group found the most was 31-40 years with normal BMI (76%). The highest MDA level was found in the TB+DM group at 12.42 nmol/ml compared to the TB patients (3.75 nmol/ml) and healthy people (3.01 nmol/ml). Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in MDA levels although there was a difference found in the MDA levels among the three groups with MDA level in TB+DM group was shown to be the highest.
The Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on The Duration of Antibiotic Switches, IL-10 Levels and PEFR Values in Hospitalized Community Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Khiptiyah Mariyatul , Chozin Iin Noor , Pratiwi Suryanti Dwi , Rahmad Rahmad , Rasyid Harun Al
Published: April 2021

Background: Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma and ranked third of 30 causes of death in the world. WHO estimates the death caused by pneumonia is 1.6 million per year. Long duration of antibiotic switches is associated with increased morbidity, nosocomial infections and costs of healthcare. This study aims to assess the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation with the duration of antibiotic switches and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels of pneumonia patients in non-intensive care thus pulmonary rehabilitation can be routinely use as adjuvant therapy.
Methods: The study was conducted in May-November 2019 at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, with 40 pneumonia patients in the non-intensive care and divided in two groups which contains of 20 patients. This study uses consecutive simple random sampling. In treatment group, pulmonary rehabilitation consists of breathing exercise, effective cough techniques, clapping, postural drainage and breathing muscle exercises with spirometry incentive tools. The pulmonary rehabilitation treatment was done by Medical Rehabilitation Department of Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital. IL-10 levels and PEFR values on the zero and fifth days of treatment were measured.
Results: The duration of antibiotic switches received pulmonary rehabilitation was shorter 5.05 days (P
The Correlation of Body Mass Index with Sputum Conversion Time in MDR-TB Patients Undergoing Treatment with Short Term Regimen at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital
Authors: Santy Diana , Siagian Parluhutan , Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena , Eyanoer Putri C
Published: April 2021

Background: It was estimated about 10.4 million incidence of TB cases worldwide, of which 580,000 were MDR TB cases in 2015, however, only 125,000 were successfully found and treated. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a recommendation of 9-11 month Short Term Regimen (STR) guideline that could provide satisfactory results in terms of successfull outcome, easier to control and also low-cost. The study aimed to analyze the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and sputum conversion time in MDR TB patients undergoing treatment with STR and to determine the final treatment outcome using STR at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Methods: This was a case series study of a total 76 MDR TB patients undergoing treatment using STR. Samples were obtained from medical record of the pulmonary isolation ward and MDR TB clinic at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify the trend in sputum conversion from nine months of treatment.
Results: The number of patients with normal BMI was 51.3% higher than those of low, very low and high BMI. The time to sputum conversion occured in the second month of treatment. All groups of BMI categories experienced conversions and normal BMI was higher in number. At the end of the treatment evaluation, the cure rate was 44.8%, the drop out was 28.9%, the regimen change was15.8%, died 9.2%, and moved 1.3%.
Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between BMI and sputum conversion time in MDR TB patients. Good nutritional status was a predictor of treatment success.
Profile of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Level in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Darmayanti Sheila Gerhana , Soedarsono Soedarsono
Published: April 2021

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has a risk of increasing the transmission of infection and death may occur if diagnosis is delayed due to limited testing. Faster, more accurate, inexpensive new methods with easy-to-obtain samples, such as serum levels of Adenosine deaminase (ADA), need to be applied. This study aims to compare serum ADA levels in new cases of pulmonary TB patients and in healthy individuals, and to examine the potential of serum ADA to diagnose pulmonary TB. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study conducted at the Outpatient Clinic of TB/TB-MDR-DOTS, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from August to December 2019. The subjects were new cases of pulmonary TB patients and healthy individuals. Serum ADA levels were analyzed using the enzymatic colorimetric method, using Erba XL 600. Results: A total of 60 patients were divided into 34 new cases of pulmonary TB patients and 26 healthy individuals. Serum ADA levels in new cases of pulmonary TB patients were significantly higher compared to those in healthy individuals (P<0.001). The cut-off value of serum ADA levels was 11.4 U/L with a sensitivity of 85.3% and specificity of 84.6%. Conclusion: ADA serum levels are increased in patients with new cases of pulmonary TB. ADA serum can be used to assist the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Examining the accuracy of residents’ self-assessments and faculty assessment behaviours in anesthesiology
Authors: Fleming Melinda , Vautour Danika , McMullen Michael , Cofie Nicholas , Dalgarno Nancy , Phelan Rachel , Mizubuti Glenio
Published: April 2021

Background: Residents’ accurate self-assessment and clinical judgment are essential for optimizing their clinical skills development. Evidence from the medical literature suggests that residents generally do poorly at self-assessing their performance, often due to factors relating to learners’ personal backgrounds, cultures, the specific contexts of the learning environment and rater bias or inaccuracies. We evaluated the accuracy of anesthesiology residents’ self-assessed Global Entrustment scores and determined whether differences between faculty and resident scores varied by resident seniority, faculty leniency, and/or year of assessment.

Methods: We employed variance components modeling techniques and analyzed 329 pairs of faculty and self-assessed entrustment scores among 43 faculty assessors and 15 residents. Using faculty scores as the gold standard, we compared faculty scores with residents’ scores (xi(faculty)–xi(resident)), and determined residents’ accuracy, including over- and under-confidence.

Results: The results indicate that residents were respectively over- and under-confident in 10.9% and 54.4% of the assessments but more consistent in their individual self-assessments (rho = 0.70) than faculty assessors. Faculty scores were significantly higher (α = 0.396; z = 4.39; p < 0.001) than residents’ self-assessed scores. Being a lenient/dovish (β = 0.121, z = 3.16, p < 0.01) and a neutral (β = 0.137, z = 3.57, p < 0.001) faculty assessor predicted a higher likelihood of resident under-confidence. Senior residents were significantly less likely to be under-confident compared to junior residents (β = -0.182, z =-2.45, p < 0.05). The accuracy of self-assessments did not significantly vary during the two years of the study period.

Conclusions: The majority of residents’ self-assessments were inaccurate. Our findings may help identify the sources of such inaccuracies.
Analysis Of Risk Management In Development SMK Stikes Rajawali Bandung (Case Study: Well Foundation)
Authors: Khairin Firda Aulia , Annisa Annisa
Published: April 2021

The SMK STIKES Rajawali Bandung project is a unique project because

it has a steep terrain location that creates various risks, so a risk analysis

is needed. The identification in this study was 32 risks. This research

uses qualitative and quantitative methods with the stages of identifying

possible risks, assessing risks, knowing the causes, and ways of dealing

with dominant risks if they occur. The results of the study of the 32 risks

consisted of 3 very high risks, 2 high risks, 23 medium risks and 4 low

risks. The biggest risk comes from the external risk that can be detected,

namely the risk of rain with a score of 20. Therefore, the risk of rain

requires ideal treatment using a dewatering pump.
Study of Park and Ride Facilities in Cikarang
Authors: Annisa Annisa , Prasetyo Leonardus Bambang Budi
Published: April 2021

The enormous number of Cawang-Cikarang toll road private vehicles users have caused congestion in Jakarta. To reduce congestion in Jakarta, suburban areas, such as Cikarang, commuters shall utilize Park and Ride (P&R) facilities than use private vehicle to Jakarta. This study is important to give the commuters information of P&R in Cikarang, so they can make an option of their trip. P&R facility has a main function as a hub to change from private vehicle to public transportation. Observation as well as questionnaire were used to reveal findings for this study, the data results are analyzed with descriptive statistics. This study revealed that users of P&R facilities from Cikarang are generally commuters who have offices in urban areas and reside in suburban areas. The problem that occurs in Cikarang is that parking facilities in transit locations (stations / terminals / stops) have not been utilized optimally. This study aims to analyze the actual state and user satisfaction of P&R facility in Cikarang. The six locations include: (1) Cikarang Station; (2) Metland Telaga Murni Station; (3) Lemahabang Station; (4) Cikarang Terminal; (5) Capitol Stop; and (6) AO Citywalk Lippo Cikarang Bus Stop. The results showed that the majority of respondents (N=231) were satisfied (m=3.78; SD=0.99, p
La tentación de la utopía
Authors: Luque Mogrovejo Rolando
Published: April 2021

Hay una frase que los jóvenes revoltosos de mayo del 68 repetían en calles y plazas de París, ajenos quizá a las peligrosas implicaciones de su significado: "seamos realistas pidamos lo imposibles". Es probable que el deseo original de esta frase fuera el de dramatizar en el escenario público, apelando a la paradoja de asignarle concreción a la dimensión ilimitada de sus sueños políticos y culturales. Sin duda, un clamor válido en medio de la coreografía libertaria de entonces. Pero, puesta en la historia, la frase reumen, con increíble precisión, el ideario inquietante de cualquier utopía.
Presentación
Authors: Grández Moreno Félix
Published: April 2021

En el número que estrena nuevo diseño y diversifica sus secciones, allpanchis dedica el tema central a la problemática del agua y su gestión. No es la primera vez que la revista aborda este tema. Hacerlo nuevamente, pero esta vez desde la perspectiva de la gestión, es una manera de seguir en la apuesta que carateriza nuestra línea editorial: buscar alternativas de futuro para los Andes.
Presentación: Cultura jurídica en el Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Aspell Marcela , De la Puente Brunke José Carlos , Angeli Sergio
Published: April 2021

ESTE NÚMERO MONOGRÁFICO DE ALLPANCHIS sobre la justicia colonial se ha estructurado a partir de los trabajos realizados por especialistas del área, quienes se han centrado principalmente en la región sur del continente americano.
Los oidores de la Real Audiencia de Lima en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Angeli Sergio
Published: April 2021

Las Audiencias americanas jugaron un papel fundamental en la vida social y política de las colonias castellanas. Como tribunal superior en cuestiones civiles y criminales, las Audiencias tuvieron una enorme gravitación en la sociedad colonial. Sus magistrados fueron parte fundamental de la vida de los Virreinatos, adicionando prestigio y lustre intelectual a las élites locales. Una amplia gama de prohibiciones se cernía sobre los oidores, a fin de evitar el contacto con la sociedad circundante. Pese a ellas, los jueces coloniales participaron activamente en negocios, fueron compadres, padrinos y benefactores de una variada gama de españoles asentados en Lima. Ningún negociado escapaba, al parecer, a  su gravitación e influjo. Fue así como lograron convertirse en la flor y nata de los Virreinatos americanos. Entre 1549 y 1564 los oidores limeños se hicieron cargo del gobierno colonial en tres oportunidades. Durante aquel lapso los magistrados lograron acrecentar su poder e influencia social. Este trabajo intentará analizar la conformación de la Audiencia de Lima, las formas en las que se expidió justicia y las relaciones que se mantuvieron con la sociedad colonial peruana. La superposición de funciones que tuvo la alta magistratura indiana ejemplifica las anquilosadas prácticas de favores y corruptelas que se conformaron alrededor de la práctica jurídica. En este sentido, se tratará de desvelar la actuación de los letrados insertos en una red de relaciones que afectó a todo el entorno social y que perduró en los siglos posteriores.
Sobre mamaconas y pampayrunas. Las mujeres en los Comentarios reales
Authors: Regalado de Hurtado Liliana
Published: April 2021

Para desarrollar el tema propuesto, partimos del análisis de la forma en que Garcilaso inscribe a las mujeres en su historia acerca de los incas, cómo las presenta y qué modelos utiliza. Las figuras femeninas se muestran en los Comentarios reales a través de una gama de condiciones sociales, instituciones, funciones y actividades que parecen ser propias de la cultura andina prehispánica, pero también tomando modelos de la cultura occidental. Sus roles las mostrarán  dependientes o subordinadas a sus pares masculinos, y solo excepcionalmente se las presentará cumpliendo papeles protagónicos. Las mujeres que desfilan en su texto son varias: personajes míticos, de la élite incaica, las escogidas —acllas y ocllos— y las mujeres del pueblo, a las que trata de manera genérica, lo que no impide que distinga entre ellas a las pampayrunas, cuyas características proyectan las imágenes que sobre el meretricio se tenía en la España del siglo XVII.
La «energía vital» y el retorno a la comunidad
Authors: Santisteban-D. Nathalie , Cometti Geremia
Published: April 2021

El artículo trata sobre la relación que existe entre rituales y migración. Entre los pastores altoandinos del sur del Perú (Santa Bárbara y Q’ero), los rituales propiciatorios de Carnaval son considerados como los más importantes del mundo ideológico de los pastores. En ellos, los pobladores buscan, por un lado, conservar y aumentar el número de camélidos; y, por el otro, esperan mantener y renovar la relación de reciprocidad-dependencia que mantienen con las fuerzas sagradas. Para lograr este cometido, los pastores residentes como migrantes realizan rituales propiciatorios y ofrendas a los Apu y la Pachamama. Es gracias a estas prácticas y acciones rituales que los pastores del sur andino obtienen el «buen vivir» por el resto del año.
Ritmos discursivos y licencias semántico-referenciales: aproximación al sermonario de Fernando de Avendaño (1649)
Authors: Ezcurra Rivero Álvaro
Published: April 2021

El trabajo ofrece un acercamiento ejemplar a determinadas estrategias persuasivas y pedagógicas empleadas en los Sermones de los misterios de nuestra santa fé católica, publicados en Lima, en 1649, por el sacerdote criollo Fernando de Avendaño. Llaman la atención, en el sermonario ideado para la evangelización del área andina, dos estrategias que serán llamadas aquí cambios de ritmo discursivo y licencias semántico-referenciales. Ambas serán materia de análisis lingüístico y discursivo.
Perspectivas para el desarrollo de una arqueología de la diáspora africana en el Perú: resultados preliminares del proyecto arqueológico Haciendas de Nasca
Authors: J. M. Weaver Brendan
Published: April 2021

Durante el periodo colonial en el Perú, gente libre y esclavizadade ascendencia africana no sólo constituía una parte significativa de la población costera, sino también vivían y trabajaban en toda la región andina. Sin embargo, estas poblaciones han sido insuficientemente representadas en la investigación arqueológica, o han sido rendidas invisibles por las metodologías y preguntas no relacionadas de manera directa a la diáspora. En este artículo se plantea cuestionar la historia y cultura material de la diáspora africana en el Perú —el desarrollo de un estudio con énfasis en las posibles contribuciones y potencialidades de una perspectiva arqueológica. También se presentan los resultados preliminares de la Temporada 2012/2013 del Proyecto Arqueológico Haciendas de Nasca (PAHN), el primer proyecto en el Perú que cuenta con un programa de investigación principal enfocado en la cultura material de los afrodescendientes. A través de una investigación arqueológica sistemática e histórica de las haciendas jesuitas de Nasca (1619-1767), el PAHN pone de relieve tanto las estructuras coercitivas con las que se organizaba la mano de obra de las haciendas como algunas de las maneras en las que los africanos esclavizados expresaron su propia agencia.
Economic thoughts of great people
Authors:   SAMARKAND INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SERVICES, Lola Nazarovna Khalikova
Published: April 2021

The monograph reflects the scientific views on the development of the economy and the formation of the service sector in Uzbekistan in the Middle Ages. The monograph is intended for students and teachers of higher educational institutions, as well as doctoral students. It can also be used by professionals interested in the problems of the economy and the service sector and the welfare of the population. The monograph was recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service.
Proximal Extrahepatic Bile Ducts: Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shorikov M. A. , Sergeeva O. N. , Lapteva M. G. , Peregudov N. A. , Dolgushin B. I.
Published: April 2021

Proximal extrahepatic bile ducts are the biliary tree segment within formal boundaries from cystic ductcommon hepatic duct junction to sectoral hepatic ducts. Despite being a focus of attention of diagnostic and interventional radiologists, endoscopists, hepatobiliary surgeons and transplantologists they weren’t comprehensively described in available papers. The majority of the authors regard bile duct confluence as a group of merging primitively arranged tubes providing bile flow. The information on the proximal extrahepatic bile duct embryonal development, variant anatomy, innervation, arterial, venous and lymphatic supply is too general and not detailed. The present review brought together and systemized exiting to the date data on anatomy and function of this biliary tract portion. Unique, different from the majority of hollow organs organization of the proximal extrahepatic bile duct adapts them to the flow of the bile, i.e. viscous aggressive due to pH about 8.0 and detergents fluid, under higher wall pressure than in other parts of biliary tree.
Efficient solution and value function for non-convex variational problems
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCES GOLPAYEGAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ISFAHAN, IRAN E-mail address: darabi@gut.ac.ir, DARABI M. , ZAFARANI J. ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS SHEIKHBAHAEE UNIVERSITY AND UNIVERSITY OF ISFAHAN ISFAHAN, IRAN E-mail address: jzaf@zafarani.ir
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we want to investigate a wide range of non-convex variational problems and obtain some sufficient and necessary conditions for existence of a feasible solution for these problems. Hence, we define optimal value function corresponding to these problems and obtain a relationship between subdifferential of the optimal value function and the set of Lagrange multipliers.