bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seizing the Center
Authors: Petrů Tomáš
Published: December 2020

This article intends to cast light on historical continuities between pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial organized violent crime in Indonesia and its connection to the country’s rulers. The core argument is that Indonesia and the polities which once existed in its territory have a long history of cooperation between the ruling elites and the criminal world. The early-modern era bandits, called jago, and the modern gangsters, known as preman, arguably represented an important pillar of the power of political regimes in Java from the pre-colonial Javanese kingdoms to the Netherlands East Indies’ colonial state to Soeharto’s New Order. In post-Soeharto Indonesia, political liberation combined with the impact of jihadist Islam(ism) has created conditions in which a number of leather-clad gangsters have turned into vigilante defenders of Islam, who are sometimes co-opted by influential interest groups and sometimes sent back to the political periphery after falling out of favor. While the primary objective of this paper is to analyze the issue of oscillation between incorporation, co-optation, and utilization of criminals and radical Islamic groupings by the powerful, on the one hand, and their elimination, on the other, the paper also looks into how Indonesian historiography has depicted these influential bandits/gangsters/vigilantes and how historiographical sources tend to legitimize them to create an authoritative nationalist narrative.
Japan and the Contested Center of Eighteenth-Century East Asia
Authors: Toyosawa Nobuko
Published: December 2020

Eighteenth-century Japan is known for the rise of the publishing industry and the spread of sociability through popular media. Reading against this broader historical context, this paper analyzes texts from different literary genres—namely, a guidebook series called The Illustrated Scenic Beauty of Japan (Fusō meishōzu, 1713–28) and The Battles of Coxinga (Kokusen’ya kassen, 1715), followed by its sequel, The Battles of Coxinga in Later Days (Kokusen’ya gonichi kassen). The paper explores what representative qualities and characteristics were considered Japanese in these texts, especially in contrast to the dominant other at that time, China. For example, drawing from a real historical figure, Zheng Chenggong (1624–1662), otherwise known as Coxinga, the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1725) produced a tale about the revival of Ming dynastic rule in collaboration with Tokugawa Japan. Given that certain virtues and values held a particular importance in these texts, they can be read analogously with a rise in ambivalence toward the moral and political authority of the shogunate. The changing visions of ideal leadership suggest that the reading public was partaking in the debate about political legitimacy, albeit in the space of popular culture, adding a renewed significance of popular participation to the production of communal identity during the era known as the “Great Peace under heaven” (tenka taihei).
Imagining Indonesian Islam as a Center
Authors: Slama Martin
Published: December 2020

This article advocates an approach that is conscious of the offline geographies and geopolitics that inform contemporary social media activities. It does so with regard to the Islamic world, examining how Indonesian Muslims imagine their place within it. These imaginaries are increasingly expressed on social media through a variety of discourses in various forms (blogs, memes, videos, etc.). Moreover, in Indonesia today social media have become the main platforms on which different views on the position of Indonesian Islam in the Islamic world collide. More than any other media, they have become a contested space, as they play a crucial role in defining—and rejecting—the very concept of an Indonesian Islam, which today is mainly propagated as Islam Nusantara or the Islam of the Archipelago. The article analyzes the online strategies and social media activities of the proponents of Islam Nusantara, concentrating on the spatial hierarchies that their discourses entail as well as how offline geographies inform their attempts to translate offline significance into online visibility. In a second analytical step, the article considers the literature on Southeast Asian concepts of power with conceptualizations of a center as one of their main features, and argues that today such concepts re-emerge where one would not initially expect them, namely in the online discussions about Islam Nusantara and the position of Indonesian Islam in the Islamic world. The article thus examines imaginaries of transforming centers and peripheries from the particular angle of Islamic identity discourses that are becoming increasingly significant in Indonesia’s public sphere.
Association of Number of Bidders and Minimum Bid Ratio (AEr) with Effect of E-bidding of Different Project
Authors: Mishra Anjay Kumar , K.C. Megh Bahadur , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relation between the number of bidders versus the minimum bid ratio (AEr)/percentage below the initial engineer’s estimate to type and size of project within Road Divisions Butwal and Shivapur. Bidding data of four consecutive fiscal years starting from 072/73 of two Road Divisions which are already completed its procurement stage were analyzed. The percentage below/contract awarded cost is directly proportional or a significant correlation was found with the number of the participated bidder in any project s of both divisions during the data study period. Bidders have to bid below 20% of the initial estimate that was found to get a project in hand by contractors and they are willing to bid low for the utilization of resources, types of equipment, manpower, and also to get experiences. This research revealed correlation coefficients between the number of bidders and percentage below engineers' estimates are 0.61 for the Butwal division and 0.67 for the Shivapur division. Correlation coefficients 0.82 and 0.83 was found in Nepalgunj and Mahendranagar. Percentage below engineers' estimate depends on 67 and 69% on the number of bidders in Nepalgunj and Mahendranagar respectively. E-bidding helped to promote competition along with low bidding. As there is 17% below with only hardcopy bidding but with e-bid the below percentages rises to 28% with more number of bidder per project. Improvement in existing offer granting framework with additional capability rules ought to be engaged by doling out the weight in the monitory term, soliciting a technique from the proclamation, upgraded e-offering framework, and affirmation for venture exhibitions of the undertaking before execution. This research would be useful for those who are involving in policy making and governing agencies like Public Procurement Monitoring Office and for making necessary amendments in existing rules.
Effectiveness of Quality of Service towards Commitment of Suppliers with Reference to SME’s in Automobile Industry
Authors: K. Rangaraju , Nedunchezhian V.R. , Suresh Kumar P.K.
Published: December 2020

Service quality is a focused evaluation that reflects the vendor's perception of specific
dimensions of service. Though there is a problem with the automobile industry Covid-19
pandemic the sector may grow further in near future. The main objective is to examine the essential dimensions of service quality i.e. RATER- Reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness of SME’s in the automobile industry and its effect on vendor’s satisfaction and to find out the perception of suppliers towards supply chain with the companies. For this, a sample of 50 was collected from the respondents were percentage analysis, Descriptive statistics, Multiple regression, Kruskal Wallis test, and one-way ANOVA were used as tools to analyse the data. The conclusion is that dimensional factors level of acceptance towards sourcing products from a limited number of suppliers, level of acceptance towards establishing clear criteria, and level of acceptance towards Suppliers collaborating with suppliers in materials are taken for decision making process of the study. It also reveals that while taking a decision on these dimensions the factor frequency of making supply should be taken for decision making process of the study.
Implementation Strategies of Higher Education Part of National Education Policy 2020 of India towards Achieving its Objectives
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna
Published: December 2020

Well defined and futuristic education policy is essential for a country at school and college levels due to the reason that education leads to economic and social progress. India with the leadership of its current prime minister and an expert team with members of varied backgrounds has developed and planned to implement a new education policy during the next decade of the 21st century called Indian National Education Policy (NEP-2020). The aim, objectives, and details are well known to practitioners and the public. NEP-2020 is an innovative and futuristic proposal with both positive and negative aspects, framed with the objective to provide a quality school education and higher education to everyone with an expectation of holistic & research-oriented progress. This paper initially depicts an overview of NEP-2020, distinguish the strengths & weakness of the policy at higher education & research part, evaluation of the implementation suggestions given in the policy, identifying and analyzing possible generic strategies for implementation of NEP-2020 to fulfill its objectives based on focus group discussions. The paper also includes many predictive proposals on issues like developing quality universities & colleges, institutional restructuring & consolidation, more holistic & multidisciplinary education, optimal learning environment & student support, transforming the regulatory system of higher education, technology usage & integration, and online & digital education. Finally, some recommendations are made to implement the NEP2020 effectively irrespective of various constraints. This article can be considered as a reference to the policy implementation teams of Govt of India.
EFFECTS OF PENSION ADMINISTRATION ON CIVIL SERVANTS IN NASARAWA STATE HEAD OF SERVICE LAFIA
Authors:   Department of Public Administration,  Faculty of Administration Nasarawa State University, Keffi, John Abimiku , Mahmud Umar ,   Department of Public Administration,  Faculty of Administration Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Basil Bawa ,   Department of Public Administration,  Faculty of Administration Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Published: December 2020

The work was designed to assess the issues and challenges of Pension Administration on Civil Servants in Nasarawa State Head of Service Lafia. The work adopted a survey method. As the instrument of data collection, oral interview and research questionnaire were used. The analysis of the questionnaire was done based on percentages, allowing the greater or less than factor to influence the judgment gotten from the responses. After which it was discovered that Nasarawa State Head of Service Lafia have a policy on Pension Administration and also, the causes of delay in the administration of pension and gratuity in Nasarawa State Head of Service Lafia is due to poor record system, diversion of allocated funds and also, outright fraud irregularities that ineligible pensioners are on the payroll. Based on the followings, we suggest that since the Nasarawa State Head of Service Lafia have a policy on Pension Administration, the service should ensure the sustainability of this policy towards the growth and productivity of the service and also, the management of the service should find means of handling the poor record system that causes delay in the administration of pension and gratuity within the service by developing adequate record system and ensure that problem associated with diversion of allocated funds are stopped and also, outright fraud irregularities are discouraged whereas the service should ensure that eligible pensioners are on the payroll. Penalty should also be meted out to those who steal pensioner’s funds to prevent others who may have the mind and the erring operators to forestall more pension scams in the State.
IMPACT OF TRAINING ON ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT IN THE STATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF BORNO STATE
Authors:   Umar Ibrahim Ibn El-kanemi College of Education Science and Technology,, Abdulmumini Aji
Published: December 2020

Academic staff for knowledge and skills update is a necessity for state and national development. The study explores the Impact of training on academic staff development in the State higher educational institutions of Borno State. The study raised two questions to determine: The impact of training on academic staff development. Hypotheses was formulated and tested in line with the objectives of the study. Related literatures were reviewed based on the stated objective. survey method was employed for the study. The populations of the study were academic staff of the State higher educational institutions (1410). The sample of the study comprised academic staff from four selected institutions (938) using closed questionnaires. The collected data was presented by the use of simple frequency and percentages, and later analysed using Chi-square statistical technique. The finding reveals there is a significant relationship between training and academic staff development. The study concluded that training influence academic staff development. It is recommended that the state should provide adequate funds for academic staff in the state higher education for training, workshops, conference, research and publications for knowledge and skill updates to boost academic staff productivity
PUBLIC- PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: PROSPECTS FOR NIGERIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Department of Economics University of Calabar, Calabar, Aja Accord
Published: December 2020

Public private partnership has taken its root in Nigeria. This is caused by government’s lack of funding and the inefficient delivery as well as maintenance of existing infrastructures. The government alone cannot satisfy the infrastructural needs of its citizens hence, the need for a partnership between the government and the private sector with a view of combining resources to provide the infrastructure needed for the social and economic development of the country. This paper examines the challenges militating against Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Nigeria and the underlying prospects of PPP for economic development. The paper recommends that stakeholders in PPP should be adequately trained and a well-functioning regulatory framework put in place.
AMELIORATION OF DECLINE STAGE: AS ENGINE OF CONSUMABLE PRODUCTS IN A DIGITIZED WORLD
Authors:   Department of Marketing Faculty of Management Sciences Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu  University, Igbariam Campus Anambra State, Nigeria, Atuchukwu Ohazulike
Published: December 2020

The study scrutinized amelioration of decline stage: as engine of consumable products in a digitized world. Problem situation is the in ability of a firm’s management to monitor its product life cycle. The specific objective examined on how to re-introduce as engine of consumable products in a digitized world among others. Research question is to what extent does a firm’s management re-introduces as engine of consumable products in a digitized world among others. Research hypothesis is there is no significant relationship between a declined consumable products and re-introduction as engine of consumable products in a digitized world among others. Review of related literature looked inward at product life cycle, theory of product life cycle propounded by Vernon (1979) and empirical review. Survey research design was utilized. Area of study was relief market Obodoukwu Road, Onitsha. Population of the study was intermediaries of beverage products. The sample size was 62, but 50 copies of questionnaire were used and duly filled. Two point likert scale of questioning was adopted. The study found out that applying and embarking on promotional activities and sales promotional tools would always project a product before prospects and consumers as a product brand that would never get to decline stage. The study concluded that for a product brand to remain in the field of sales and complete effectively among competitors, the firm’s management will always be conversant with the situation of product life cycle. The study recommended that the firm’s management should embark on re-introduction, innovation and awareness creation among others.
CHALLENGES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SOKOTO STATE OF NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLING
Authors:   Department of Education Foundation Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Shinco Tayibat
Published: December 2020

Contemporary Early Child Care, Development and Education (ECCDE) in Nigeria are becoming more diverse. Nevertheless, it is still bedeviled with issues and problems. This paper discusses the existing UBE programme, policies and strategies in the implementation of the ECCDE in Nigeria. The paper further examines the challenges of ECCDE in Nigeria. The main issues of which include the use of English as medium of communication and instruction; lack of competent and qualified teachers; lack of effective supervision; and the ratio of teacher to pupils. The paper concludes that for Nigeria to achieve sustainable education development, interventions to improve the quality of ECCDE in Nigeria, the school-based curriculum must be adequately promoted. The paper suggest the use of mother tongue in teaching at this level, provision of more infrastructures and the introduction of unified standardized curriculum for set of programme.
Pesticide Use Related to Pesticide Poisoning Factors and the Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Health
Authors: Adel Angie , Akefiwad Barlenti
Published: December 2020

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests, both insects, fungi and weeds. Pesticides have been widely used for the purpose of eradicating pests and plant diseases in agriculture. The classification of the severity of pesticide exposure seen from the activities carried out is divided into four categories ranging from the lowest to the highest. A person with increasing age causes the metabolism function to decrease, so the average level of cholinestrase in the blood will be lower, making it easier for pesticide poisoning. Many studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the lengths of pesticide exposure
Chemical Waste Management in Hospital; Impact on Environment and Health
Authors: Abidar Nadia , Tiskat Sofia , Zohra Maryami
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the chemical management of wastewater in hospitals. Liquid waste is all wastewater including feces originating from hospital activities which may contain pathogenic microorganisms, toxic chemicals and radioactive substances that are harmful to health. Therefore, the potential impact of hospital wastewater on public health is very large, so each hospital is required to treat its wastewater until it meets the applicable standard requirements. Good wastewater management is not only for sharp medical wastes but covers hospital waste as a whole. With the increasing number of health service facilities, it will result in an increasing potential for environmental pollution, because waste disposal activities, especially waste water, will contribute to decreasing the level of human health. Hospital waste is all waste generated from hospital activities in the form of solid, liquid and gas. It is better if hospital waste has a waste storage and treats the waste first before discharging it into the environment, so that the environment is not polluted and the government should build a monitoring system.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (BLU) DIKLAT POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Ashari Ilham , Aslang  , Yahya Zaenal , Sukur
Published: December 2020

Organisasi sektor publik saat ini dituntut agar menjalankan tata kelola pemerintah yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pengelolaan Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) terhadap layanan diklat Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survey. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Instrumen penelitian digunakan yaitu kuesioner dengan responden sebanyak 129 orang. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS dan analisis data dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pegawai menyatakan bahwa karakteristik organisasinya baik. Kemudian mayoritas pegawai menyatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja telah diciptakan cukup ideal dan menunjang aktivitas pegawai. Adapun karakteristik pegawai menunjukkan telah bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi serta berkomunikasi interaktif baik formal dan informal dengan pegawai lain. Selain itu, Kebijakan dan praktek manajemen yang dilakukan telah berorientasi pada target capaian organisasi.
IDENTIFIKASI PENGAWAKAN KAPAL NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERATURAN PENGAWAKAN KAPAL NEGARA INDONESIA
Authors: Irwan  , Fauzi Ahmad , Kendek Meti , Arfah Mahbub
Published: December 2020

Mengungkapkan peranan kapal negara, sekaligus memberi gambaran besarnya jumlah armada dan besarnya jumlah anak buah kapal yang dibutuhkan kapal negara agar dapat dilayarkan sesuai standar pengawakan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui kesesuaian sertifikasi keahlian dan keterampilan anak buah kapal negara dengan peraturan tentang pengawakan kapal negara yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif deskriptif, indikator pengamatan yang dinyatakan dalam perhitungan persentase (%), yakni persentase jumlah anak buah kapal negara pada level Perwira yang memiliki sertifikat kehlian dan keterampilan yang sesuai Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Laut. Hasilnya menunjukkan jumlah kapal negara yang saat ini dioperasikan oleh Kementerian terkait hanya 50% dari jumlah seluruh kapal yang dibutuhkan. Kondisi ini tentu berdampak pada kinerja layanan kapal negara. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa 39.3% anak buah kapal negara yang memiliki sertifikat kompetensi dan profesiensi yang sesuai dengan aturan sertifikasi pada Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Nomor HK.103/3/13/DJPL-15, Kondisi ini sekaligus mengindikasikan besarnya kebutuhan anak buah kapal negara untuk mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan yang sesuai dengan kapal yang operasikannya.
CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS: CENÁRIOS ATUAIS DE INOVAÇÕES E DEBATES
Authors: MARTÍNEZ Y. M. , MACHADO G. E.
Published: December 2020

Esta obra reuni trabalhos com o foco nas áreas das ciências rurais e agronômicas. Abrangendo temáticas diversas, como: Agronomia e inovações; Manejo de culturas; Agroecologia; Extensão Rural; Desenvolvimento sustentável; Agronegócio; Resultados de pesquisas de pós-graduação; Ruralidades; Jovens rurais; Impacto das tecnologias no campo; Avanços científicos; Ensino de Ciências Agrárias; Assistência Técnica; Tecnologia dos alimentos; Produção de alimentos; Cadeia produtiva; Mercado agrícola e de pecuária; Bem estar animal; Produtos de origem animal; Alimentos; Direito rural; Biodiversidade; Manejos do Solo; Química do solo; Plantio direto; Gestão ambiental; Análises socioeconômicas; Aquicultura e pesca. Áreas contemplados no escopo do Livro Digital: Ciências Rurais; Ciências Sociais; Agronomia; Zootecnia; Veterinária; Tecnologia; Ensino; Ciências Jurídicas; Economia; Política; Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos.
INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS E SELOS DAS ASSOCIAÇÕES DE RAÇA COMO ALTERNATIVA DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DA CARNE BOVINA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: MARTÍNEZ Y. M. , SILVEIRA V. C. P.
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho é produto da dissertação de Mestrado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Extensão Rural pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, que tem por nome: perspectivas de desenvolvimento local e comercialização na comunidade do Rincão do 28 em Alegrete, RS, Brasil. No período correspondente aos anos de 2015- 2017.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Fuel Blends
Authors: Ghanim Fatima Mohammed , Hamdan Adam Ali Mohammed , Farouk Hazir
Published: December 2020

Abstract: There is growing interest to study the effect of blending various oxygenated additives with diesel or biodiesel fuel on engine performance and emission characteristics. This study aims to analyze the performance and exhaust emission of a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol-diesel. Biodiesel was first produced from crude Jatropha oil, and then it was blended with ethanol and fossil diesel in different blend ratios (B10E10D80, B12.5E12.5D75, B15E15D70, B20E20D60 and B25E25D50). The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied at engine speeds ranging from 1200 to 2000 rpm. The results show that the brake specific fuel consumption increases while the brake power decreases as the percentage of biodiesel and ethanol increases in the blend. The exhaust emission analysis shows a reduction in CO2 emission and increase in NOx emission when the biodiesel -to- ethanol ratio increases in the blends, when compared with diesel as a reference fuel.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI
Authors: Djaelani Yustiana , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali persepsi para pegawai pengelola keuangan pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) Kabupaten Halmahera Barat mengenai pengaruh pengendalian internal, ketaatan aturan akuntansi, budaya organisasi dan moralitas manajemen terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan kuesioner, jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 SKPD di kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan aplikasi SPSS 25 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil 1) pengendalian internal berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi; 2). ketaatan aturan akuntansi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi; 3). budaya organisasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi, dan; 4) moralitas manajemen Tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi pada SKPD pemerintah kabupaten Halmahera Barat.Kata Kunci: Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi, Budaya Organisasi, Moralitas Manajemen, Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi dan Halmahera BaratThis study aims to explore the perceptions of financial management employees in the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) of West Halmahera Regency regarding the effect of internal control, compliance with accounting rules, organizational culture and management morality towards trends in accounting fraud. This study used a survey method with a questionnaire, the number of samples used was 30 SKPD in West Halmahera district. Data analysis using multiple linear regression with the SPSS 25 application for windows. The results showed that 1) internal control had a significant negative effect on trends in accounting fraud; 2). observance of accounting rules has a significant negative effect on trends in accounting fraud; 3). organizational culture has a significant negative effect on trends in accounting fraud, and; 4) management morality Does not affect the tendency of accounting fraud in the West Halmahera district government SKPD.Keywords: Internal control, compliance with accounting rules, organizational culture and management morality towards trends in accounting fraud and West Halmahera
PENENTUAN SEKTOR EKONOMI UNGGULAN SEBAGAI PRIORITAS PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI MARITIM
Authors: Hatim Fajri , Abubakar Karim
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sektor unggulan apa saja yang merupakan sektor dasar pembangunan ekonomi maritim dan merumuskan strategi kebijakan dalam pembangunan ekonomi maritim di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif denga metode yang digunakan adalah survey. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yakni kuesioner dan data sekunder yakni data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan dan PDRB provinsi Maluku Utara tahun 2013-2017 menurut lapangan usaha dan harga konstan. Analisis digunakan dengan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah sector merupakan sektor basis kabupaten Halmahera Selatan selama lima tahun. Analisis strategi kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi maritim Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga kriteria yang dapat dikembangkan untuk peningkatan pembangunan ekonomi maritim.Kata Kunci: Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan, Pembangunan Ekonomi Maritim This study aims to analyze what leading sectors are the basic sectors of maritime economic development in South Halmahera Regency. This research is descriptive study with method used is survey. The data used in this study are primary data namely questionnaires and secondary data namely Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of South Halmahera Regency and GRDP of North Maluku province periode 2013-2017 according to business field and constant prices. The analysis is used by the Location Quotient (LQ) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The results showed that a number of sectors were the base sectors of South Halmahera district for five years. Analysis of the maritime economic development policy strategy in South Halmahera District shows that there are three criteria that can be developed to increase maritime economic development.Keywords: Leading Economic Sectors, Maritime Economic Development
Crianza, Apego y Salud Mental: Mirada a Modelos de Familias No Tradicionales
Authors: Meier Lebrón Jonathan
Published: December 2020

Algunas investigaciones afirman que independientemente de la afinidad consanguínea entre el infante y sus cuidadores, pueden desarrollar vínculos afectivos; mientras otras investigaciones, cuestionan la capacidad de las familias no tradicionales, como lo son las monoparentales (con un solo padre/madre/cuidador) para satisfacer todas las necesidades del infante, considerando el elemento de los roles socialmente aceptados. Conforme a la revisión de literatura realizada se identificó que la capacidad de desarrollar vínculos afectivos saludables no está condicionada a la composición familiar u orientación sexual de los padres, madres o cuidadores. De igual modo, el estilo de apego y personalidad de los cuidadores pudieran tener un impacto significativo en el estilo de apego y personalidad de los niños y niñas. En Puerto Rico existen escasas investigaciones sobre la crianza y el apego en las familias no tradicionales. Este hallazgo hace medular y recomendable que desde el trabajo social clínico se desarrollen investigaciones sobre el tema del apego en la familia no tradicional de la población puertorriqueña.
A Review of Capital Budgeting Techniques
Authors: Paseda Oluseun
Published: December 2020

Perhaps the single most important decision faced by management is the selection of investment projects that maximize the present value of shareholders’ wealth. This paper is a review of the literature on capital budgeting procedures. Analytic techniques such as Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback, Discounted Payback, Time-adjusted discounting, Accounting Rate of Return, Profitability Index and Modified IRR are reviewed here. Additional supplementary techniques, when some complexities relating to risk and uncertainty are involved, are also discussed. Results of field surveys are reported. In sum, the results suggest increased prominence of the NPV as an evaluation technique consistent with its much emphasized academic merit. In particular, the Graham and Harvey (2001) survey reveals that the likelihood of using specific evaluation techniques is linked to three factors namely firm size, firm leverage and CEO characteristics. The study recommends the use of real options techniques as they facilitate the linkage of financial objectives with corporate strategy in the ever-increasingly complex business environment.
Modelo de universidad comunitaria intercultural y su aporte a las economías comunitarias en contextos multiculturales
Authors: Ruiz Calderón Angélica Leonor
Published: December 2020

El modelo comunitario intercultural de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), es un proyecto educativo que trabaja con los distintos pueblos y comunidades étnicas que conviven en el diverso territorio de Nicaragua; tiene como propósito formar hombres y mujeres para el fortalecimiento de los pueblos, acompañando procesos sociales e incidiendo en la construcción de sus identidades desde contextos multiculturales. Este tipo de investigación es cualitativo con nivel de profundidad exploratorio. La URACCAN trabaja con las familias, hijos, hijas de productores y productoras para fortalecer la economía familiar y comunitaria, desde un enfoque socio cultural, basado en la equidad, justicia, reciprocidad y sostenibilidad, son principios que se complementan y se practican como resultado de un acuerdo colectivo e igualitario entre los miembros de la comunidad. La economía comunitaria, se presenta como una realidad en la cual se configuran nuevas y viejas prácticas económicas que a su vez operan como estrategias alternativas para la reducción de la pobreza. Es concebida desde las culturas ancestrales, está directamente ligada a nuestra madre naturaleza y va acorde a las normas de las cosmovisiones ancestrales, principios y valores como base de las culturas. Desde estos espacios se construyen sendas que posibilitan rescatar prácticas educativas y revitalizar los saberes y conocimientos comunitarios que permiten desarrollar pensamientos para el cambio, y que posterior, se traducen para el modelo, en prácticas para fomentar aprendizajes basados en la vida y el desarrollo con identidad en contextos de diversidad de pueblos indígenas, afrodescendientes y mestizos para la promoción de ciudadanías interculturales.
Estrategia metodológica para el establecimiento de áreas libres de moscas de la fruta, en la zona norte del lago Xolotlán, Nicaragua
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Edgardo , Jiménez Castillo Alba Nidia
Published: December 2020

Con el objetivo de describir la estrategia de los procedimientos fitosanitarios utilizados para el establecimiento y reconocimiento nacional del área libre de moscas de la fruta en la zona norte del lago Xolotlán, se utilizó el método de la investigación cualitativa no experimental de corte retrospectivo, tipo longitudinal, fundamentado en la recolección y registro de la información del Instituto de Protección y Sanidad Agropecuaria (IPSA), relación de normativas internacionales de medidas fitosanitarias versus la aplicación de los procedimientos fitosanitarios en La Zona Norte, como fuentes secundarias nos apoyamos en la experiencia sobre programas de control de otros países que, proporcionara evidencias del mecanismo implementado para el logro de áreas libres de plagas, concluyendo que la estrategia metodológica para el establecimiento del área libre de moscas de la fruta se basa en los niveles poblacionales que indiquen los monitoreos durante la vigilancia, el estado de las moscas de la fruta en el área seleccionada, el estado del hospedante y su sensibilidad, la biología de la plaga y la viabilidad económica y técnica y que para el desarrollo del establecimiento del área libre de mosca de la fruta se necesita de la aplicación de procedimientos fitosanitarios como base legal, etapa de supresión que incluye detección, muestreo, recolección, tratamiento de frutos, control químico y registros; la etapa de contención como cuarentena interna y zona buffer, finalizando con el control de brotes que implica la etapa de erradicación y reconocimiento del área.
Ultrasound Examination Techniques for Elbow Injuries in Overhead Athletes
Authors: Hultman Kristi L. , Goldman Brian H. , Nazarian Levon N. , Ciccotti Michael G.
Published: December 2020

Elbow pain is a frequent complaint among overhead athletes. Standard evaluation of the elbow uses history and physical examination, with radiographic imaging and MRI aiding in the confirmation of diagnosis. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) provides dynamic, functional assessment of tendons and ligaments in the elbow, allowing the visualization of structures under stress and motion. Stress US offers the ability to detect injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament by measuring changes in joint space under stress. The freedom of dynamic imaging means results are dependent on the skill of the US operator to obtain the most accurate and complete evaluation. US is cost efficient and portable, allowing for quick examination at the point of care. This article provides a technique guide for sports medicine specialists performing US examination of the elbow.
Test  results for lead-rubber bearings for  Wm. Clayton Building, Toe Toe Bridge and Waiotukupuna Bridge
Authors: Robinson W. H. , Tucker A. G.
Published: December 2020

Four lead-rubber bearings designed to base isolate structures from earthquake attack were tested for the Ministry of Works and Development on PEL’s dynamic test rig. The lead-rubber bearings ranging in size up to 600 mm square, consisted of elastomeric bearings containing lead plugs. In the case of the Wm Clayton Building two bearings were selected at random from 82, of which  80 have been installed under the building, and were tested at  0.3 Hz with strokes of + 20, + 45 and + 110 mm, and vertical loads of 1.05, 2.10 and 3.15 MN. For the two bridges one bearing from each was tested at 0.9 Hz with vertical loads of 160 to 350 kN, and strokes of + 30 to 93 mm. In all cases the bearings performed satisfactorily over 9 to 35 cycles and the hysteresis loops could be described reasonably well by assuming that the lead behaved as a plastic solid with a yield stress of 10 MPa.
Effects of Visual Communication on Memory Enhancement of Thai Undergraduate Students, Kasetsart University
Authors: Vanichvasin Patchara
Published: December 2020

Memory is important in a learning process. The more students can memorize or retain information from a learning process, the greater possibility students can perform better in their learning. Therefore, this research aimed to explore visual communication in terms of its effectiveness and effects on memory enhancement with 19 Thai undergraduate students by using a communication skills online course with visual communication, an evaluation questionnaire of the selected course, an effectiveness questionnaire of visual communication, and a memory test on the selected course. Mean, standard deviation, content analysis and a t-test for dependent samples were used to analyze data collected from all research instruments. The research findings indicated that using visual communication produced positive results in enhancing student memory and thus generating greater student learning, which can be concluded that visual communication has high potential to be implemented in class as an effective tool for teaching courses to enhance student memory and thus create better learning performance.
CREATIVE USE OF THE POTENTIAL OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN TEACHING
Authors: Kowalczuk Karol
Published: December 2020

The text presents the complexity of the educational process taking place during the period of digital transformation and the role of the teacher in the changing didactic reality. The need to modify the existing digital tools adapted to the requirements of modern students was pointed out. The author’s assumption was to draw attention to computer games that can be part of the strategies for creating effective teaching tools tailored to the needs of digital natives. The article presents the features of games that may be key to the effective use of gaming in teaching. It also presents the strategy of educational game design. Despite the research conducted on the use of the potential of computer games in education, this topic still does not seem to be sufficiently exhausted, as exemplified by the teachers’ approach to virtual reality of games, which they mostly treat only as a ludic area.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS – FUTURE PRE-SCHOOL AND FIRST GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Bernátová Renáta
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study is to present information on using information and communication technologies by university students, who are preparing for teaching profession. The research problem was to examine, whether there are any differences in using information and communication technologies between Polish and Slovak university students, future teachers. The questionnaire of own design was used for the purpose of the study, and it was consisted of 8 items. The research sample included 76 Polish and Slovak full-time students from two universities. Research results has shown that the Polish students devote more time to use information and communication technologies than the Slovak ones. The remaining items answers have not shown any significant differences between the answers of Polish and Slovak students.
Loss of HBsAg in Patients with High Levels of HBV-DNA During Treatment with Nucleoside or Nucleotide Analogs
Authors: Lapinski Tadeusz W , Pazgan-Simon Monika , Plesniak Robert , Sobala-Szczygiel Barbara
Published: December 2020

Background: HBsAg is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and is necessary for the formation of complete HBV particles. A decreased synthesis of this antigen leads to an intracellular inhibition of virus production. Methods: The study aimed to assess the incidence of HBsAg elimination among 1,290 patients who suffered from chronic HBV infection undergoing an antiviral treatment with nucleoside or nucleotide analogs (NAs). Furthermore, possible predictive factors for this elimination were analyzed. Results: A permanent HBsAg loss was confirmed in 3% of the patients, which was more frequent in men than in women (4.4% vs. 1.9%; P = 0.009). The HBsAg elimination occurred in 5% of HBeAg (+) patients and 2.8% of HBeAg (-) patients. The age of patients whose HBsAg was eliminated was higher than the age of the remaining patients (60 vs. 51 y/o). The effect of initially used pegylated interferon alfa (PEG-IFN) therapy on the HBsAg elimination was not observed. It occurred with the use of entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF); however, among patients treated with ETV, HBsAg was significantly more often eliminated in HBeAg (+) patients. Conclusions: The HBsAg elimination in patients undergoing antiviral treatment occurs more often in men, patients with positive HBeAg before treatment, individuals above 60 years, and patients treated with ETV.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in the Staff of a Children's Hospital, in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Armin Shahnaz , Karbasian Fereshteh , Hoseinialfatemi Seyedeh Mahsan , Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Rajabnejad Maryam , Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Vaghefi Soheila Sadat , Imanzadeh Farid , Maham Saeed , Razmara Raheleh , Karimi Abdollah , Eshghi Peyman , Maghsudlu Mahtab , Arabkhazaeli Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: In December 2019, a new coronavirus appeared in China, as a cause of acute respiratory disease. Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in children's hospitals are one of the groups who are at a high rate of exposure to COVID-19 patients. The detection of antibodies is useful and helps diagnose late or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most children may present with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be silent sources of infection in the community and hospitals. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 in Mofid children's hospital staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 475 staff from Mofid children's hospital from April 20 to May 5, 2020, in Tehran. We collected blood samples for the antibody assay with a rapid test kit. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results: Of 475 staff who participated in this study, 25 (5.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and/or CT scan. Besides, 140 (29.4%) of them were positive for IgM and/or IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Conclusions: The seropositivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children's hospital staff was higher than expected. Approximately 5% of the participants were diagnosed as definitive positive COVID-19 cases by PCR and/or CT scan, but 29.4% of them were seropositive. The difference is a warning, as it shows seropositive people could be silent sources of transmission during asymptomatic infection.
Defining Cognitive, Higher Order Thinking, and Psychomotor Meta-Skills: Three-Curricular Content Concept Analysis
Authors: Yadollahi Azita , Yazdani Shahram
Published: December 2020

: Rapid technological changes, reduced job security, the need for developing professional skills, and the urgent need for capable and adaptable physicians are the important issues that medical, educational systems must pay more attention to. Based on existing evidence, outcome-based education is the best approach for facing this situation, and competency-based education is a preferred strategy for planning and quality assurance of medical education. CanMED in 2015 claimed that competency-based education is known as the preferred educational approach and developed a framework consisting of seven competency groups. Graham Cheetham and Chivers denoted that professional competencies included a set of skills. Also, ACGME provided six main capabilities for the physician in which a variety of skills were required for carrying out professional tasks. One of the important dimensions of these skills is general skills that play an important role in the ability of the individual to apply his/her learning and can be used generally in all activities. In this study, this part of skills is conceptualized as “meta-skills” because the ability to build and develop other skills in individuals is formed through the acquisition of these meta-skills. We divided meta-skills into three groups, including psychomotor meta-skills, basic cognitive meta-skills, and higher-order thinking meta-skills, and developed an analytical definition for each group with certain defining attributes.
Role of Macrophages in Vascular Regeneration
Authors: Saberianpour Shirin
Published: December 2020

: Angiogenesis is very important for most strategies for regenerative damaged organs. The natural inflammatory response can be affected by the activity of different types of macrophages and their cytokines. Macrophages exist in a wide variety of phenotypes. These macrophages can range from classic M1 to M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages themselves can include different types of subgroups. These types of macrophages are usually effective in vascular regeneration while M1 or classic macrophages play a role in chronic wounds. The macrophages move toward the M2 phenotype or inhibit the polarization of the macrophages toward the M1 phenotype. On the other hand, macrophage polarization can be affected by a variety of factors, such as different types of miRNAs. The process of vascular repair and enhancing the therapeutic potential of drug regulators the treatment of vascular damage through modification of macrophage polarization. Macrophages do this by various mechanisms, which are described in detail in this study. Finally, new therapeutic mechanisms aimed at macrophages in vascular disease are discussed.