bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Preoperative Salivary Cortisol Level in Patients Undergoing Major Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Kumari Archana , Chandra Praveen , Roy Sonali , Agarwal Ritika , Singh Aartika , Sharan Suprabha
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The main purpose of the study was to compare the preoperative salivary cortisol levels 3 days before the major surgery under general anesthesia and to compare it with the patients undergoing extraction under local anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two patients were undergoing major surgery and 42 age- and sex-matched patients undergoing dental extraction were included and their salivary cortisol levels were analyzed before and after the dental procedure.

Results:

Results showed that there is a significant increase in the mean salivary cortisol concentration after extraction (23.7 ± 9.2) than before extraction (18.9 ± 23.7) in the study group (P = 0.015) as well as in the control group. The comparison between salivary cortisol in the study group before (18.9 ± 23.7) and after (23.7 ± 9.2) surgery was significantly higher than the control group (15.2 ± 5.5) (P = 0.013 and 0.005), respectively.

Conclusion:

We have concluded from this study that the salivary cortisol level shows a significant increase on the day of surgery.
Antibacterial Activity of Various Intracanal Medicament against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus: An In vitro Study
Authors: Govindaraju Lokhasudhan , Jenarthanan Sowjanyaa , Subramanyam Divya , Ajitha P.
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide, and Odontopaste which are used as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutants, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Materials and Methods:

Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using agar well diffusion method of the following intracanal medicaments: Group 1: TAP (Ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and doxycycline mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1; Group 2: Calcium hydroxide paste; Group 3: Odontopaste; Group 4: Sterile saline (0.9%) as a negative control. Each medicament was tested against E. faecalis, S. mutants, and S. aureus. The maximum zone of inhibition was noted by diameter size (mm) and analyzed with one-way ANOVA.

Results:

TAP showed the highest zone of inhibition. There is no significant difference between Odontopaste and calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis and S. aureus. There is a significant difference between TAP, Odontopaste, and calcium hydroxide against S. mutants. The order of the highest zone of inhibition is TAP > Odontopaste>Calciumhydroxide.

Conclusion:

With in the limitations of the study, TAP had better antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. mutants, and S. aureus followed by odontopaste and calcium hydroxide, Hence, Odontopaste can be used as an alternative for calcium hydroxide in the infected root canal.
Cerebriform Tongue
Authors: Rajeev Vini , Basheer Sulphi Abdul , Elnager Mutassim , Karthik A. Kaneesh , Radhakrishnan A. Senthilnathan
Published: June 2021

Cerebriform tongue (CT) is diagnosed to be a benign clinical condition that is characterized by grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue and referred with other terminologies such as the scrotal tongue, grooved tongue, lingua fissurata, and lingua plicata which can be chronic trauma, vitamin deficiencies, and probably not a developmental malformation. The incidence of this condition was predominant among males and found to be higher with increasing age. It is very rarely observed in children. It is usually painless and sometimes food debris accumulation can irritate. CT has been reported with the association of various systemic factors and syndromes. A case of a 62-year-old male with CT is presented along with the review of the literature.
Bone Graft and Intraosseous Anchorage of Dental Implants for Reconstruction of the Residual Alveolar Ridge
Authors: Bali Yashika , Singh Ravpreet , Gill Tarunpreet Kaur , Rela Rathi , Vatsa Ritesh , Priyadarshni Priyanka
Published: June 2021

Background:

Bone grafting aims at better dental implant osseointegration and preserves the remaining alveolar bone in the socket. The success of various bone grafting materials plays a vital role in assessing future implant function.

Aims and Objectives:

The present clinical trial was aimed at evaluating the results of guided bone regeneration (GBR) with and without the bioresorbable membrane in the dental implant placement.

Materials and Methods:

The 20 patients were divided into two groups (n = 10). First was Group I- GBR with bioresorbable collagen membrane (BioGide™) and second was Group II- GBR without membrane. Bone gain and bone levels were analyzed for both groups. All the collected data were analyzed statistically.

Results:

For Group I, bone levels at baseline were nonsignificant (P = 0.2188) Similarly, nonsignificant values were seen in both groups at 3 months with bone level values of 0.25 ± 0.17 and 0.38 ± 0.24 for Group I and Group II, respectively. Changes in the bone levels were found to be 2.45 ± 0.349 and 2.58 ± 0.304 from Group I and II, respectively, inferring the nonsignificant difference with P value of 0.3723. The percentage of bone gain for intergroup at the end of 3 months was 89.15% ±0.678 for Group I and 88.68% ± 0.503%; these values were statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.982).

Conclusion:

Nonsignificant difference was observed between the two groups with and without membrane in terms of changes in bone level, percentage of bone gain, and bone defect reduction. This study concludes that the use of bone grafts significantly improves residual alveolar ridge irrespective of membrane used.
A Comparative Evaluation between the Use of Buccal Pad of Fat and Bovine Collagen Membrane in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Kothari Sonal , Mittal Sahil , Shaik Izaz , Gufran Khalid , Daharwal Rimmi , Kolli Hemanadh
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study is intended to assess and compare the effectiveness of BFP and BCM as reconstruction materials in treating oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Materials and Methods:

This study comprised twenty patients of 20 and 60 years who were clinically diagnosed with OSMF. All patients were subjected to fibrotomy with reconstruction under general anesthesia. In all the patients, following fibrotomy reconstruction was done using the buccal pad of fat on the left and with the collagen membrane on the right. The temporal muscle insertions were released, and coronoidectomy was performed as and when required. Any third molars if present were removed. All patients were feeded for 7 days by Ryle's tube and were on intravenous antibiotics for 5 days. Clinical evaluation was done at periodic intervals of 7, 30, 90, and 180 days postoperatively for mouth opening, burning, pain on mouth opening, and recurrence.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 27.3 years. A 12 mm was mean preoperative mouth opening. Intraoperative mouth opening was 37 mm in all the patients and maintained at 36 mm at the 6th-month postoperative period. No significant difference was observed between both sides pertaining to pain on maximal mouth opening, burning sensation, or postoperative infection. However, there was a significant difference in the time taken for epithelization on both sides.

Conclusion:

The results of this study reveal that both Buccal Pad of Fat (BPF) and BCM are viable reconstruction options, but BFP as a reconstruction material exhibited prompt epithelization with the lowest wound contracture.
Impact of Noise in Operating Theater: A Surgeon's and Anesthesiologist's Perspective
Authors: Srivastava Pritika , Shetty Premalatha , Shetty Sameep , Upadya Madhusudan , Nandan Aditya
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:

Noise is often considered as an undesirable sound. Excess noise is a health threat that deteriorates one's concentration and communication. Noise in the operating theater can be disturbing, impairs communication, and can lead to stress. The aim of this survey was to assimilate information about the perspective of surgeons and anesthesiologists regarding noise in the operating theater and whether it affects their work atmosphere.

Methods:

A questionnaire consisting of 15 closed-ended questions excluding one open-ended question was given to surgeons from various specialties and anesthesiologists. The subjective response were analyzed and documented. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Association was found out using Chi-square test.

Results:

We collected a total of 290 responses, of which 87.6% (n = 254) considered noise to increase the stress level and deteriorates the quality of teamwork (83.8%, n = 243). Noise affects communication among the staff (86.2%, n = 250) and decreases their concentration level (85.5%, n = 248) which could be harmful in view of the patient's safety. 87.9% (n = 255) of the participants were in favor of limiting the number of people in the operating theater. Nonetheless, 73% (n = 211) considered music has a calming effect and were in favor of music in the operating theater.

Conclusion:

Noise in the operating theater can have distressing effects on surgeons, jeopardizing the patient's safety. However, a flip side to this is that music is considered to have a calming and soothing effect decreasing the anxiety and stress levels.
A Prospective Study to Assess the Efficacy of 4% Articaine, 0.5% Bupivacaine and 2% Lignocaine using a Single Buccal Supraperiosteal Injection for Maxillary Tooth Extraction
Authors: Chandrasekaran Deepak , Chinnaswami Ravindran , Shanthi K. , Dhiravia Sargunam A. Emmanuel , Kumar K. Santhosh , Satheesh Tharini
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to demonstrate if articaine hydrochloride administered alone as a single buccal infiltration in maxillary tooth extraction can provide adequate palatal anesthesia as compared to buccal and palatal injection using lidocaine and bupivacaine.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective double-blinded trial was conducted on 150 patients who required maxillary tooth extraction. The patients were divided into three different groups consisting of 50 patients each. Each group was administered with 4% articaine into buccal vestibular mucosa of the tooth to be extracted, 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine was injected into buccal and palatal side of the tooth to be extracted, respectively. Following the tooth extraction, all patients were asked to complete a 10-score Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 5-score facial pain scale (FPS) to assess the pain on extraction.

Results:

According to the VAS and FPS scores, the pain on extraction between buccal infiltration of articaine and the routine buccal and palatal infiltration of lignocaine was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The routine use of a palatal injection for extraction of maxillary teeth may not be required when articaine is used as a local anesthetic solution.
Cognizance and Use of Minimally Invasive Dentistry Approach by General Dentists: An Overlooked Companion
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Mala Nutan , Rana Kuldeep Singh , Namazi Nasim , Rela Rathi , Kumar Kunal
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental caries begins with the decalcification of the first nonorganic part, followed by the decay of the organic tooth matrix. Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) focuses on using the adhesive technique for restoration as these techniques allow minimum removal of healthy tooth structure.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the attitude, knowledge, and behavior of the general dentists toward the use of MID and to evaluate if MID is considered as standard care measure among general dentists.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-section observational survey and included 285 practicing dentists. The survey questions were divided into two parts. The question related to the use of sharp explorer utilized response categories (1–5), with options of always, most of the time, often, sometimes, and never or rarely. The independent variables collected were age, gender, years of practice, clinical hours, type of practice, postgraduate education, and clinic environment. The data collected were tabulated and were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The results of the present study showed that MID meets the standard of care for the treatment of both primary teeth 85.96% (n = 245) as well as permanent teeth 78.24% (n = 223). ART, sandwich technique, in-office, and at-home topical fluoride application were considered active for treating dental caries. The use of sharp explorers, nonsharp explorers, radiographs, and magnification were considered common for caries detection.

Conclusion:

The more dentists who listened to about MID in the past responded that the MID concept is the standard of care for the treatment of primary and permanent teeth than dentists who have heard little or nothing about MID.
Stress Distribution in Cortical Bone around the Basal Implant – A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Roy Anip Kumar , Dixit Nivedita , Punde Prashant , Sinha Koshika Tondon , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Kumar Ashish
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study was to develop a model that represents a basal implant with stress distribution in the cortical bone on application of loads emulating masticatory forces.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the stress distribution in the bone and the implant is evaluated by applying various loads that emulate the masticatory forces. The geometric models of cortical bone representing the premolar area and a basal implant model of the following specifications, longitudinal oval threaded pin (1.95 mm × 2.1/2.3 mm ø), height of the implant head (7.2 mm), and width of the implant head (3.5 mm) (BOI BS, IDHEDENTAL), were generated with Ansys software, and both the implant model and the bone model are superimposed to mimic the bone implant system as a unit.

Results:

Overall comparison of stress distribution on both implant shaft and implant neck showed that maximum stresses are located at implant neck irrespective of forces applied and minimum stresses are located at implant shaft. On overall comparison of stresses seen within the bone and the implant, it was observed that the maximum stresses were seen in the implant neck followed by the implant shaft followed by the bone interface.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the stress transmission is greatest during application of oblique load (70 N) followed by horizontal load (10 N) and the least by vertical load (35 N).
Management of Shrunken Cheeks by Hollow Buccal Cheek Plumper Prosthesis
Authors: Natarajan Parthasarathy , Kumar Seenivasan Madhan , Natarajan Shanmuganathan , Raza Fathima Banu
Published: June 2021

Aging and a long period of edentulousness causes resorption of the maxillary residual ridge, resulting in narrowing of the arch and loss of facial muscle support that leads to the sunken appearance of cheeks. In completely edentulous patients, though the conventional complete denture does offer provision to the muscles encircling the mouth, yet the cheek plumber prosthesis is required to improve the muscle tone. This case report highlights the advantages and the sequential steps required in the indigenous method of fabricating a hollow cheek plumper appliance for a completely edentulous patient with a sunken appearance.
An In vitro Study to Assess the Effectiveness of the Shear Bond Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Different Adhesive Systems
Authors: Sindi Abdulelah Sameer
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the Study:

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible material and has excellent sealing ability. It is proved and claimed that it provides double seal due to its physical sealing ability as well as ability to induce cementogenesis that provides biological seal.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to assess the shear bond strength of MTA with three different types of adhesive systems: (1) self-adhering flowable composite, (2) etch and rinse (ER) adhesive system, and (3) self-etch (SE) adhesive system.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety MTA specimens were prepared using cylindrical acrylic blocks, having a central cavity with 2 mm depth and 4 mm diameter. MTA was mixed and placed in the prepared cavity and was covered with moist cotton pellet and temporary filling material (Cavit). They were further divided into three groups which were further divided into two subgroups. After the bonding agents was applied, the composite resin was placed over the MTA surface. The specimens were then tested for shear bond strength; statically analysis was done.

Result:

After 24 h, the mean value of ER group was found to be significantly higher than SE and the self-adhering composite groups. Among the 45 min groups, there was no significant difference observed.

Conclusion:

In single visit, after 45 min, self-adhering flowable can be used successfully as a final restorative material in place of conventional flowable composite without using any alternative adhesive system over MTA.
An Overview of Chitosan and Its Role in Periodontics
Authors: Thangavelu Arthiie , Stelin K. Sahaya , Vannala Venkataramana , Mahabob Nazargi , Hayyan Faisal Mansour Bin , Sundaram Rajasekar
Published: June 2021

Chitosan is a biopolymer with numerous biological properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. Chitosan also stimulates cell proliferation and osteogenesis and thus used as a scaffold material in tissue engineering. The physical proprieties of chitosan such as biocompatibility and biodegradability give promising results in periodontal therapies. This review gives an updated explanation of the applications of chitosan in dentistry and periodontics. Furthermore, the review demonstrates the actions of chitosan in detail and its role in the regeneration of periodontal structures.
Knowledge and Awareness of Postextraction Complications among Dental Seniors and Interns in Riyadh Province
Authors: Alenazi Adel , Aleidan Abdulbari , Alotheem Mohammed , Alqahtani Rakan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Postextraction complications are multifactorial. Taking proper medical and dental history, thorough planning, and a skillful dentist can help the prediction and reduction of these complications.

Objective:

This study aims to assess and compare the knowledge of senior students and interns regarding postextraction complications in government and private colleges in Riyadh Province.

Materials and Methods:

A random sampling technique was used to select a minimum of 250 participants for this study. A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire was disseminated through an online platform in a manner. Sixth-year (senior) dental students and interns were included in the study. Data were coded and entered into spreadsheet software and analyzed using Chi-square tests.

Results:

More than half were dental interns (54.04%), and the rest were senior students (45.96%). Male participants comprised 52.57% of the total participants, whereas females were 47.43%. Most participants were from government colleges (53.31%), whereas 46.69% belonged to private colleges. Male interns from government colleges demonstrated the best knowledge among all the participants. In private colleges, females demonstrated better knowledge than males in both the senior and intern groups, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference in knowledge between participants from government and private colleges was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Government colleges were found to demonstrate more complications than private colleges, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Male interns from government colleges had the best knowledge about the postextraction complications among the candidates.
First Molars in Permanent Dentition and their Malformations in Various Pathologies: A Review
Authors: Yamunadevi Andamuthu , Pratibha Ramani , Rajmohan Muthusamy , Mahendraperumal Sengottaiyan , Ganapathy Nalliappan , Srivandhana Rajamani
Published: June 2021

Permanent maxillary and mandibular first molars are the first permanent teeth to erupt into the oral cavity along with the mandibular incisors. It serves as an excellent record of maternal and fetal health, reflecting the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal health and diseases. This review focuses on the molar morphogenesis, molar malformations, their etiopathogenesis, and pathologies causing specific pattern of molar malformations.
A Focal Intrinsic Physiologic Pigmentation of Tongue
Authors: Radhakrishnan Senthilnathan , Santhosh Kalaiselvi , Anbuselvan Gobichetipalayam Jegatheeswaran , Kanthasamy Gandhimathi
Published: June 2021

Pigmentation is defined as the process of deposition of pigments in the tissues. It can be endogenous or exogenous in origin and may be physiological or pathological. Pigmentation is a common intraoral finding; various diseases can lead to varied discolorations of the mucosa. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity is a challenging task, therefore understanding of the causes of mucosal pigmentation and appropriate evaluation of the patient are essential in the diagnosis of the pigmented lesions.
Effect of Food Colorants on Color of Denture Base Acrylic Resins
Authors: Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar , Vyas Rajesh , Pati Sourav Kumar , Thakkar Radhika , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal
Published: June 2021

Background:

Acrylic resin has been successfully used for complete denture fabrication for many years. Color stability is very crucial clinical properties for dental materials, and color change may be an indicator of aging or damaging of materials.

Aim and Objectives:

This study has been designed to determine the color stability of heat cure denture base acrylic resins in commonly consumed solutions causing stains.

Methodology:

Four hundred disc samples of four commercially used heat cure denture base resins (Trevalon®, DPI®, Veracril®, and Pyrax®) were fabricated (100 in each group). These were checked for any change in optical density by immersing them in four different staining solutions (tea, coffee, turmeric, and betel leaf, i.e., paan) and synthetic saliva for 1-month synthetic saliva was taken as control. The denture cleansers were also evaluated for their efficacy determined by their ability to remove the stains caused by the staining solutions.

Results:

It was observed that Trevalon® showed least change in optical density and coffee illustrated the maximum potential for staining the denture base resins and is the most difficult to be removed using a denture cleanser.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that Trevalon® demonstrated maximum color stability. Among the staining solutions, coffee caused maximum stains.
In vitro Results of Scanning Technique on Assessing Cement Thickness and Interfacial Nanoleakage of Luted CAD/CAM-Fabricated Fiber Posts
Authors: Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar , Vyas Rajesh , Bavabeedu Shashit Shetty , Arora Suraj , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal , Kumar Amit
Published: June 2021

Background:

Fiber posts are broadly used due to their good esthetics and elasticity close to that of dentin, which allows for uniform stress distribution within a root and lowers the possibility of nonrestorable root fractures.

Aim and Objectives:

The study assessed the layer of cement thickness and interfacial nanoleakage of luted fiber posts which were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology following direct scanning of the post space (DS) method, scanning of a polyether impression of the post space (IS), and scanning of a plaster model of the post space (MS).

Methodology:

Ninety premolars were chosen randomly and were assigned to three groups according to the scanning technique. Posts were computer designed and milled from experimental fiber-reinforced composite blocks.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation values of cement thickness, respectively, were: DS 172 ± 39 = m; IS 199 ± 55 = m, and MS MPa 272 ± 81 = m. The fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance compared to posts fabricated upon IS and MS, in terms of the post retention. The cement thickness did not differ between DS and IS, whereas in MS group, the cement layer was significantly thicker than in the remaining two groups. The scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage.

Conclusion:

Fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance. Furthermore, scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage.
Attitude of Dental Students towards the Rubber Dam Use in Operative Dentistry
Authors: Abuzenada Basem Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Aim:

Operative dentistry and endodontics are the two major areas where rubber dam is used extensively with special emphasis to train students on its application during dental curriculum. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the attitude of dental students toward the use of rubber dam in operative dentistry clinics along with emphasis on evaluation of its prospective application after graduation.

Materials and Methods:

A structured questionnaire-based analysis was performed among internship students of a dentistry program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questions were based on training, latex allergy, and selection of jaws for application of rubber dam and prospective use of rubber dam during practice.

Results:

A completed questionnaire by all participants (n = 110) was analyzed and subjected to statistical analysis. Around 80.9% of the students agreed that adequate and satisfactory training for rubber dam placement was imparted while 59.1% agreed that they enquire about latex allergy before placement of rubber dam. Further, 85.5% of the students planned to use rubber dam for all procedures after graduation.

Conclusion:

A promising response was exhibited by this group of future dentists toward the application of rubber dam during restorative procedures.
Effect of Chlorhexidine and Probiotics on Halitosis
Authors: Sudhakaran Sunith , Tom Jibin Jose , Shyam Arun , Mohan Sreerag , Ali Shabeer , Raj Mahesh
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chemical method of oral hygiene practice, chlorhexidine (CHX) disinfection, and the followed consumption of probiotics on oral malodor in children. The effects of chemical and mechanical oral hygiene practice methods on the intensity of oral malodor were also evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

Organoleptic test (OLT) scores of 2 or more of 196 children were randomly allocated to four groups: 1: Conventional oral hygiene practices (COH) including flossing and tooth brushing, 2: COH + tongue scraping (TS), 3: COH + TS + CHX, and 4: COH + TS + CHX + probiotics. OLT was performed at 1-week and 3-month follow-ups.

Results:

A stable and significant number of individuals showed crucial and average levels of improvement in Group 4 OLT scores. The improvement of Group 3 OLT scores was also remarkable but not steady over the follow-ups. Neither remarkable nor steady improvements in the OLT scores was detected in Groups 1 and 2 through follow-ups.

Conclusion:

Oral disinfection followed by probiotic therapy with CHX may decrease the severity of oral malodor over a long period of time.
Basics of Epigenetics and Role of Epigenetics in Diabetic Complications
Authors: Yamunadevi Andamuthu , Pratibha Ramani , Rajmohan Muthusamy , Mahendraperumal Sengottaiyan , Ganapathy Nalliappan
Published: June 2021

The term “Epigenetics” includes mechanisms by which genetic expression is altered without a change in the underlying DNA sequence. The changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms are inheritable and are one way in direction (irreversible) and also explains why there is differences in genetic expressions of monozygotic twins. The epigenetic mechanisms alter the genetic expressions through DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation and histone PTMs cause relaxation or condensation of chromatin units. The epigenetic actions of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs act by modifying transcription factors or by degrading target messenger RNAs and their translation factors. Various pathologies and environmental factors cause changes in the cellular epigenetic mechanisms and the epigenetic alterations occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM) are reviewed. DM causes hemodynamic changes and metabolic changes like hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. These changes induce oxidative stress and activate intracellular signaling and kinases in the target cells. Epigenetic alterations cause chromatin remodeling and altered gene expression leading to inflammation, proliferation, atrophy, hypertrophy, etc.; thereby, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, vasculitis result in the corresponding target organ. When these epigenetic alterations persist for a longer period without intervention, the target cells attain “metabolic memory” meaning that these epigenetic mutations cannot be reversed even after attaining normal blood glucose levels. Thus, epigenetics, an insightful and efficient tool in genomic research, has started crawling into the research arena and needs to reach leaps and bounds for the better understanding of health and diseases.
Relation between Childhood Asthma and Dental Erosion in Al-Kharj Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alazmah Abdulfatah
Published: June 2021

Background:

Asthma is a long-lasting disease that affects large number of the society and could impact on the oral health leading to increase in the needs of prevention and treatment. Currently, the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia is ranging from 9% to 33%.

Objective:

the objective was to evaluate dental erosion in control children and those with asthma.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 100 children aged 3–12 years. Equally distribution of subjects was between the asthmatic and non-asthmatic group, at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Dental Clinics, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. The assessment consisted of an oral examination assessing erosive wear according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 2018 guidelines and a questionnaire to the parents/guardians addressing the background details and information about the child asthma.

Results:

Among 12 (24%) asthmatic children and 9 (18%) non-asthmatic children had dental erosion. In the adjusted analysis, no association was found between asthma and erosion. It has been shown that oral hygiene may have an effect occurrence or severity of erosion; brushing teeth once or more per day appeared to have less incidence of dental erosion compared with those not brushing their teeth regularly.

Conclusions:

This article provided no additional data than that given earlier, where no correlation was observed between asthma and dental erosion in children aged from 3 to 12 years.
Assessment of the Effect of Bone Density on Implant Stability: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sreerama Raghunadh , Kolluru Krishna Chaitanya , Gottumukkala Vineela , Innampudi Chaitanya Kumar , Konathala Jagga Rao , Krishnaveni G.
Published: June 2021

Background:

In this study, we determined the effect of bone density on implant stability.

Methodology:

Two hundred and sixty dental implant sites in 128 patients were assessed for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) following implant insertion, at 6 months and 12 months. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was determined.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation bone density in anterior mandible was 862.8 ± 203.4 Hounsfield units (HU), in posterior mandible was 528.4 ± 115.6 HU, in anterior maxilla was 594.2 ± 95.2 HU, and in posterior maxilla was 438.1 ± 110.2 HU. The mean insertion torque in successful implants was 38.2 ± 7.1 Ncm and in failed implants was 22.4 ± 4.2 Ncm. The mean RFA value in successful implants was 65.4 ± 5.8 and in failed implants was 45.8 ± 4.1 ISQ. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was obtained.

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of the study, we observed that successful implants exhibited higher RFA and insertion torque and were higher into failed implants suggesting a correlation of bone quality and implant stability parameters.
Utility of Chitra–HASi Granules in Cystic Defects of the Maxillofacial Region: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ramanathan Manikandhan , Tiwari Raj Kumar , Mohan Sunil Paramel , Shankar Dayasankar Prabhu , Bagadia Ritvi K. , Varma P. R. Harikrishna , Fernandez Francis Boniface , Babu S. Suresh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Cystic defects that are critical sized or larger require bone replacement strategies. However, due to inherent disadvantages of the various types of grafts, none of the available materials are best suited for these defects. Among the alloplastic materials, hydroxyapatite (HA)-based grafts are the most popular, due to their osteoconductive nature and resemblance to mineral bone. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of the novel material “Chitra-HASi” as a bone substitute in the maxillofacial region.

Materials and Methods:

In a single-arm, prospective study, patients with radicular and dentigerous cysts were included and the minimum defect size was standardized at 20 × 20 mm or above. The Chitra–HASi material was developed by a wet precipitation technique and adopted for use following multiple in vitro and in vivo studies, confirming its safety and biocompatibility profile. All cysts underwent enucleation, followed by peripheral ostectomy and apicectomy of the teeth involved. The HASi graft was packed inside the cystic defect in a granular form and covered with a mucoperiosteal flap. Panoramic radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

Twenty-three patients were included in the study, of which only 10 patients could be followed up for 12 months after graft placement. The mean preoperative bone density was found to be 14.9% ± 4.97 (standard deviation), whereas the postoperative 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month densities had a mean difference of −11.3%, −22.9%, and −37.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. Minor complications such as sinus formation (n = 7) and extrusion of granules (n = 4) were noted, which were managed conservatively. Only two patients required graft removal secondary to infection, leading to a persistent sinus tract.

Conclusion:

The results of the study suggest that Chitra–HASi granules show potential as an alternative to other bone substitutes. The addition of silica to the porous HA material offers superior strength characteristics and needs long-term evaluation to assess its stability in large cystic defects.
Technical evaluation and optimization of biological aerated filter (BAF) treating micro-polluted source water at low temperature
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Wang Xin , Li Xiaobo , Wang Aiwen
Published: June 2021

In this study, polyethylene and zeolite, as media in two-stage biological aerated filters (BAF), were evaluated for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and organics in micro-polluted water under low temperature conditions. For specific source water, the contaminants removal characteristics are evaluated by single-factor experiment to determine the suitable pH, air-water ratio (AWR) and hydraulic load ratio (HLR). Ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index in BAFs were promoted effectively with pH = 7~8, AWR = 1.0:1.0~2.0:1.0, HLR = 1~4 m3/(m2·h), low pollution loads and a temperature of 10°C. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimum parameters were as follows: pH of 7.94, AWR of 1.41:1.0 and HLR of 1.39 m3/(m2·h), for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index, their removal rates were respectively 59.76% and 18.16%. BAF has a great advantage in emergency treatment of low temperature micro-polluted water, and response surface analysis can be used to optimize operating parameters.
Design of ALU based on Majority Logic for Low Power Applications
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, India, Choubey Abhishek , Shivapriya Kola , Choubey Shruti Bhargava
Published: June 2021

Approximate calculations are a new nanotechnology paradigm for improving efficiency and reducing energy use. Most of the logic extends to many contemporary nanotechnological developments and is used for the design of digital circuits in its basic portion (3 input plurality, MV). This paper suggests implementations of additional compressors and ML multiplicators. An additional bit discovery circuit is used for the proposed compressors. The size of the multiplier is calculated by a control factor for the importance of different extra bits. The designs proposed are tested with hardware (for example, time frame and port complexity) as well as with error calculation. These designs have superior performance in terms of area and delay. The validity of the proposed designs is also shown by case tests of the error resistance implementation.
Hollywood'da Kostüm Tasarımının Ortaya Çıkışı: Travis Banton
Authors: ÖZKAVRUK ADANIR Elvan , ER Fehmiye Dilek
Published: June 2021

Giysiler belli toplumlarda günlük yaşamın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olarak görülür. Dolayısıyla sinema öykülerinde kimliklerin oluşturulmasında en önemli ögelerden biri giysilerdir. Sinemada giysiler sadece karakter inşasında değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin beden üzerinde inşasında da önemli bir rol oynar. Geçtiğimiz yüzyıldan günümüze filmlerde kullanılacak kostümlerin hazırlanması öneminden bir şey kaybetmemiş, ancak üretim şekli oldukça değişmiştir. İlk çekilen filmlerde kullanılan kostümlerin seçiminin gelişigüzel olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu dönemde aktrisler ve aktörler filmlerde giyecekleri kıyafetleri kendi gardıroplarında bulunan giysilerinden seçmişlerdir. Tarihi giysilere ihtiyaç duyulduğunda ise Broadway’deki tiyatroların kostümleri kiralanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Hollywood sinemasında kostüm tasarımcılarının rolünün zamanla nasıl önem kazandığına odaklanılacaktır. Ayrıca yıllardır kostüm tasarımcılarına ilham veren 1930’lu yılların en önemli kostüm tasarımcılarından Travis Banton üzerinde durulacaktır. 1930’lu yıllarda halk karşısında daha feminen görünen film yıldızlarının yanı sıra, Marlene Dietrich gibi zaman zaman erkeksi bir imajı tercih eden yıldızların kostümleri ile ilgili literatür ve arşiv çalışmalarından örnekler verilerek görseller üzerinden kadın imgesi tartışılacaktır.
Identifikasi Aksesibilitas Angkutan Umum Dan Terminal Kawasan Metropolitan Sarbagita
Authors: Soimun A , Prima Gilang Rupaka Anggun , Wayan Putu Sueni Ni , Hendrialdi
Published: June 2021

Pemerintah Indonesia melalui kementerian pekerjaan umum telah menetapkan beberapa Kawasan metropolitan yang berkembang diantaranya Kawasan SARBAGITA. Kawasan tersebut meliputi Kota Denpasar sebagai pusat perekonomian dan daerah penyokongnya Kabupaten Badung, Kabupaten Gianyar, dan Kabupaten Tabanan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis kelayakan aksesibilitas angkutan umum dikawasan metropolitan SARBAGITA untuk mendukung aktifitas masyarakat sekitar. Dari segi aksesibilitas angkutan umum memiliki fasilitas penunjang diantaranya terminal, halte, dan jalan yang mana dari tiga fasilitas tersebut merupakan simpul transportasi yang perlu diperhatikan dalam evaluasi. Hasil dari evaluasi didapatkan fasilitas aksesibilitas angkutan umum dikawasan SARBAGITA sudah cukup baik seperti fasilitas terminal tipe A sampai C. lokasi terminal sudah sesuai dengan tata guna lahan di Kawasan SARBAGITA. Yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah fasilitas halte di sepanjang jalan seperti fisik halte dan rambu rambu yang jelas, agar masyarakat mudah untuk menjangkau dan mau menggunakan angkutan umum. Hal ini sangat dibutuhkan agar meningkatkan kemauan masyarakat untuk menggunakan moda angkutan umum dan angkutan umum mampu menjadi moda andalan dalam mendukung pariwisata di Kawasan SARABGITA.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Pengemudi Dan Pemanfaatan Rest Area Terhadap Kelelahan Pengemudi Studi Kasus Ruas Jalan Tol Pejagan - Solo
Authors: Aprianto Rizal , Rokhim Abdul , Basuki Ahmad , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: June 2021

Pengemudi memang masih menjadi faktor dominan penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas. Merujuk data kecelakaan yang ada di jalan tol-jalan tol yang dikelola oleh Jasa Marga dan kelompok usahanya sampai Desember 2018, faktor penyebab kecelakaan paling banyak adalah faktor pengemudi sebanyak 85,13%. Kelelahan pada pengemudi juga dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kesiagaan dan perhatian, penurunan dan hambatan persepsi serta waktu reaksi yang lambat, pengemudi akan mengantuk dan kemungkinan akan kehilangan kewaspadaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk yaitu mengetahui sejauh mana karakteristik pengemudi dan pemanfaatan rest area mempengaruhi kelelahan pengemudi di jalan tol. Sehingga diketahui kebermanfaatan rest area dalam mengurangi tingkat kelelahan pengemudi di jalan tol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan serangkaian uji instrumen. Dari hasil penelitian ini kelelahan yang dialami pengemudi terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu kelelahan fisik dan kelelahan kegiatan. Variabel usia pengemudi, pengemudi yang memilih beristirahat, pengemudi yang tidak memanfaatkan fasilitas istirahat di rest area, pengalaman mengemudi serta jangka waktu mengemudi dalam satu kali perjalanan memberikan kontribusi terhadap kelelahan pengemudi di jalan tol. Usia pengemudi berpengaruh terhadap semua jenis kelelahan yang dialami oleh pengemudi di jalan tol Pejagan-Solo.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Regarding Knowledge on Sexual Abuse Among the Adolescents Girls in Mother Teresa Matriculation and Higher Secondary School, Pudukkottai
Authors: Geetha R.
Published: June 2021

Background: A quantitative study to assess the effectiveness of educational intervention regarding knowledge about sexual abuse among the adolescent girls in mother Teresa matriculation and higher secondary school, Pudukkottai. The main objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on sexual abuse among adolescent girl sand to evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention on sexual abuse among adolescent girls. Pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used. Non probability purposive Sampling Technique was used 50 adolescent girls were agreed to participate in this study at Mother Teresa Matriculation and Higher Secondary School. Results: Out of 50samples, the level of knowledge among adolescent girls 1(2%) belongs to excellent knowledge, 6(12%) belongs to good knowledge14 (28%) belongs to average knowledge, 30(60%) belongs to poor knowledge in pre-test. Where as in the post-test, 8(16%) belongs to excellent knowledge, 30(60%) belongs to good knowledge, 8 (16%) belongs to average knowledge, 2(4%) belongs to poor knowledge. Thus, effectiveness of educational intervention on the level of knowledge was confirmed by the paired’ test value 22.8 which was found significant at p<0.05. There is significant association between the post-test knowledge level among the adolescent’s girls and their demographic variables. Conclusion: A educational intervention was very effective in increasing the knowledge among adolescent girls.
Fixed Point Theorems via WF-Contractions
Authors: GUBRAN R. , ALFAQIH W. M. , IMDAD M.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new class of contractions which remains a mixed type of weak and F-contractions but not any of them.
Applications of Fractional Derivative on a Differential Subordinations and Superordinators for Analytic Functions Associated with Differential Operator
Authors: WANAS ABBAS KAREEM , DARUS MASLINA
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to derive subordination and superordination results involving fractional derivative of diﬀerential operator for analytic functions in the open unit disk. These results are applied to obtain sandwich results. Our results extend corresponding previously known results.
Evaluación de las industrias culturales y creativas en Tamaulipas
Authors: Bárcenas Curtis César , Bárcenas Curtis Roberto , Lemus Pool María Consuelo
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una construcción metodológica de un índice de potencialidad para las industrias culturales y creativas en el estado de Tamaulipas. La metodología, de orden cuantitativo, propone un índice compuesto por tres dominios de análisis: a) base cultural y creativa, b) política cultural y c) industrias culturales y creativas, incluyendo variables relacionadas con el desempeño de los indicadores de industrias culturales y creativas durante el año 2019 en Tamaulipas. Los resultados muestran que el primer dominio es el más importante al incluir un mayor número de variables y ejercer una significativa dinámica económica, fortaleza del ambiente académico y capacidad en el flujo de recursos humanos, de talento y conocimiento. Por último, este análisis expone que en Tamaulipas se requiere de la generación de políticas de desarrollo sobre la base cultural y creativa, para fortalecer y adquirir mayor competitividad a nivel regional y nacional.
Para una colaboración horizontal entre diseñadores y artesanos mexicanos
Authors: Águila Alonso Mariana Guadalupe
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se analizan algunas colaboraciones que se han generado entre diseñadores y artesanos mexicanos desde el año 2015 con el propósito de generar recomendaciones para establecer lazos horizontales entre ambas partes y alcanzar objetivos en común. Comienza con una revisión a las definiciones que algunos autores como Diana Isabel Mejía, Marta Turok, Victoria Novelo, Oscar Salinas, Marina Sitrin, Julio Romero, Luisa Restrepo, Ernesto Vidal, Maria Eugenia Correa, Alfonso Soto y Handan Temeltas han realizado sobre el diseño industrial, el arte popular, la artesanía, el diseño artesanal y la horizontalidad. Así como los resultados de dos proyectos generados a nivel nacional y una empresa mexicana que fomentan ese vínculo. Se analiza el Encuentro Nacional entre Diseñadores y Artesanos creado por el Instituto Nacional de la Juventud y el Diplomado en Diseño Industrial de Objetos que se imparte en el Centro de las Artes de San Agustín, Oaxaca. Igualmente se analiza a la empresa txt.ure y su relación con el artesano Bernardino “Nacho” Morales, tejedor de tule. Termina definiendo los problemas de estas colaboraciones y se ofrecen recomendaciones para futuras experiencias.
An Improved Secure Enabled Information Sharing on Hybrid Cloud
Authors: Sharmila Dr.V. , Poonguzhali S. , Srivani M. , Raghul P. , Vennila Dr.V. , Preetha Dr.J.
Published: June 2021

Distributed computing guarantees the adaptable conveyance of figuring administrations in a pay-more only as costs arise way. It permits clients to effectively scale their foundation and save money on the general expense of activity. Anyway Cloud administration contributions can possibly flourish if clients are happy with administration execution. Permitting immediate access and adaptable scaling while at the same time keeping up the help leaves and offering serious costs represents a critical test to Cloud registering suppliers. Moreover administrations will stay accessible over the long haul just if this business creates a steady income stream. To address these difficulties we present novel approach based assistance confirmation control models that target expanding the income of Cloud suppliers while considering educational vulnerability with respect to asset prerequisites. Our assessment shows that arrangement based methodologies measurably altogether outflank the early bird gets the worm draws near, which are still cutting edge. Moreover the outcomes give bits of knowledge in how and how much vulnerability contrarily affects income.