bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of a biochemical kit for detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the saliva of periodontal disease individuals
Authors: Anaila Baroni  , Juliana Marchioro Souza  , Maria Fernanda Torres  , Paulo Henrique Tomazinho  , João Armando Brancher
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in response to infection from bacteria in dental plaque. PD affects and destroys the periodontal tissues causing teeth loss. It is also associated to systemic diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein produced by the liver and released into the blood during the acute phase of inflammation. Therefore, CRP is very used as a marker for inflammation process. Studies on the presence of CRP in the saliva of the subjects with PD do not exist. Objective:The aim of this study was to test a biochemical kit for CRP detection in blood plasma to monitor CRP in saliva of PD subjects. Material and methods: Saliva was collected from 40 individuals, both sexes, from 20-45 years-old, divided into two groups: Test Group – PD subjects (TG; n = 20) and Control Group (CG n = 20), without PD. The following salivary parameters were analysed: buffer capacity (BC), salivary flow (SF), pH, urea, total proteins, and CRP. Results: pH, SF and BC values were considered normal in both groups. The urea concentration was higher in TG (27.4 mg/dl ± 10.03) than CG (22.9 mg/dl ± 8.3). However, the concentration of total proteins was higher in CG (201.2 ± 100 mg/dl) than TG (155.0 ± 95 mg/dl). CRP was detected in 11 PD subjects and in eight subjects without PD. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to SF, pH and BC. However, in PD subjects’ saliva, urea values increased and total proteins decreased. The biochemical kit detected CRP in subjects’ saliva of both groups.
Hypercementosis: a challenge for endodontic therapy
Authors: Fernanda Geraldes Pappen  , Cecilia Definski Fagonde2  , Josué Martos  , Luiz Fernando Machado Silveira
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: The purpose of this study was to describe through literature review, the morphological characteristics of teeth with hypercementosis that are relevant to endodontic practice. Literature review: The pathologic deposition of cement increases proportionally as the patient’s age increases. Genetic factors seem to be related to hypercementosis occurrence in young patients. Based on literature, it is possible to notice a lack of scientific studies which guide the endodontist for treating teeth with hypercementosis, since the cement deposition lead to the length increase of the cementum canal, and consequently, to the increase of the distance from CDC junction to apical root end. Conclusion: Thus, it is clinically relevant to correlate the morphology of teeth with hypercementosis with the specific aspects of endodontic therapy, aiming to establish the limits of root canal treatment in cases of hypercementosis.
Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of hand Protaper files and rotary Protaper files by using micro computed tomography
Authors: Amit Gandhi  , Taru Gandhi
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: The aim of the present study was to compare root canal preparation with rotary ProTaper files and hand ProTaper files to find a better instrumentation technique for maintaining root canal geometry with the aid of computed tomography. Material and methods: Twenty curved root canals with at least 10 degree of curvature were divided into 2 groups of 10 teeth each. In group I the canals were prepared with hand ProTaper files and in group II the canals were prepared with rotary ProTaper files. Image analysis was performed at four levels 4mm, 6mm, 9mm, and 12mm from the root apex to assess changes in canal transportation and centering ratio using computed tomography (CT). Results: Data suggest that rotary ProTaper files presented the best outcomes for both variables evaluated. Rotary ProTaper files caused lesser transportation and remained better centered in the canal than hand ProTaper files. Conclusion: The canal preparation in natural teeth with rotary Protaper files showed lesser transportation and better centering ration than hand ProTaper files.
Study of position and eruption of lower third molars in adolescents
Authors: Eduardo Machado Vilela  , Paula Amorim Vitoi
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The occurrence of retained lower third molars (3M) is common. A careful analysis is necessary for proper clinical management and the radiographic examination is fundamental. The use of panoramic radiographs is extremely important for the analysis and classification of 3M position, allowing the diagnosis and the establishment of the treatment planning for the removal of these teeth. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in position and eruption state of lower 3M during a period of 3.6 years, as well as to identify factors that may be related with early diagnosis of dental retention of these teeth in adolescent patients. Material and methods: One hundred and one initial (T1) and final (T2) panoramic radiographs from patients treating at the university’s orthodontic clinics were analyzed. The distribution of 195 lower 3Ms was evaluated taking into account personal data, collected from clinical records. The data obtained in relation to the positioning of the teeth were based on the ratings of Winter and Pell & Gregory. Results: The results showed that vertical position was the most prevalent and the C level and class II positions were predominant. The changes occurring in 3M position during the study interval were not statistically significant. Conclusion: After the final evaluation (T2) it was concluded that unpredictable changes in lower 3Ms position and eruption may occur. The variables race (P = 0.03) and anterior border of the mandibular ramus (P = 0.007) seem to have influence on the level of eruption, also suggesting influence on this tooth retention within dental arches over the years.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: September 2022

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Child abuse: perception and management of the Brazilian endodontists
Authors: Estela Maris Losso  , Glaucia Marengo  , Maria Carolina El Sarraf  , Flares Baratto-Filho
Published: September 2022

In Brazil, dentists have a legal, moral, and ethical obligation to notify competent authorities of suspected cases of maltreatment. Studies conducted in several countries reported the difficulties of dentists in the diagnosis, documentation, and reporting of suspected abuse cases to authorities. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the perception, diagnosis and attitudes of Brazilian endodontists towards child abuse. Material and methods:Data were collected from 56 questionnaires, considering a total of 248 sent by mail (response rate = 23%) to the endodontists (female = 73%). Results: Forty-one percent (n = 23) of the professionals answered that they were able to identify cases of abuse, while 59% (n = 33) answered that they were unable. Considering their graduation years, 93% (n = 52) stated that they had received little information on this issue, and only 5% (n = 3) attended seminars on this subject during the year before the questionnaire’s application. Although 61% (n = 34) of the professionals affirmed that suspicious cases must be reported, only 30% (n = 17) knew to whom. Eighteen percent (n = 10) of the endodontists reported they had alreadytreated suspicious cases, although only 3.5% (n = 2) reported the case to the authorities. The most cited signs of abuse were: bodybruises (48%; n = 27), change in behavior (48%; n = 27) and burn marks (12.5%; n = 7). Lesions presented in the face, mouth, and teeth were reported by 27% (n = 15) of the professionals. There were no statistically differences regarding the number of notifications in relation to either the number of years since graduation or the workplace. Conclusion: It was concluded that it is necessary to improve endodontists’ formation concerning to child abuse identification, in order to modify their behavior, therefore, increasing the number of suspicious cases’ notifications.
Nursing habits in cleft lip and palate children
Authors: Cintia Magali da Silva  , Beatriz Costa  , Lucimara Teixeira das Neves
Published: September 2022

Cleft lip and palate anomalies are malformations that affect patients causing some alterations. These alterations can compromise maternal nursing and lead to early introduction of bottle feeding and sugar in the diet of cleft lip and palate infants, compromising their oral health and the surgical/rehabilitation process. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nursing habits and the use of baby bottles in a group of cleft lip and palate infants. Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty nine mothers of cleft lip and palate infants in the age range from 6 to 36 months enrolled in the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies – USP/Bauru were interviewed. It was obtained data on family socioeconomic characteristics as well as mother educational level using the patient’s file. Using a pre-structured questionnaire accomplished always by the same interviewer, information on natural and artificial nursing pattern was obtained. Results: Only 21.4% of the mothers accomplished breastfed their babies. 98.25% of mothers used bottle feeding with milk and other sucrose liquids at one to ten times frequency. Nocturnal nursing habit was verified in 59.38% of total sample. Conclusion: Cleft lip and palate infants presented inadequate nursing habits in relation to both the content and the frequency ingestion, suggesting the need of a multidisciplinary guidance and following-up of infants during this age range.
Assessment of preload in carbon coated prosthetic screws
Authors: Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic  , Juliane Nhata  , Vanessa Helena Jamcoski  , Maurício Dziedzic
Published: September 2022

The mechanical aspects of tightening screws over implants are important to ensure a successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Screw loosening is a common problem that can be avoided with passive adaptation of the components and an increased tensile force developed in the screw, a preload. Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the effect on preload of a carbon lubricant deposited on the surface of titanium alloy prosthetic screws: conventional Ti6Al4V and surface enhanced. Material and methods: Conventional titanium alloy prosthetic (n = 7) and carbon coating surface enhanced screws(n = 7) were compared. Each prosthetic screw supporting a metallic UCLA over an implant was tightened with the manufacturer’s recommended torque of 32 N.cm. The removal torque values, recorded for ten consecutive cycles of tightening and removal, were used to estimate the preload. Implant blocks were then sectioned and the interfaces were observed by light microscopy. Results: The lowest removal torque, and consequently the highest preload values, was achieved for the lubricated group in most cycles. The contacts between threads were located at the coronal aspect of all observed screw mating threads. Conclusion: Data indicate that the lower coefficient of friction of a carbon lubricant can generate higher preload. The machining precision observed produced the adaptation and regular contact interfaces.
Periodontal, demographic and systemic condition characteristics of patients treated at a dental school
Authors: Fabio Anibal Goiris  , Rodrigo Rocha  , Julio Moreira  , Fabio Andre dos Santos
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluatethe relations among: age, reasons for dental appointment, systemic conditions, use of medicines and periodontal disease, in patients assisted in the Periodontal Clinic at the Dental School of the Center of Higher Education of Campo Gerais (short Cescage – Ponta Grossa, Brazil), during 2007-2009. Material and methods: A total of 183 dental files were obtained and 100 were included in the study. Thefollowing tests were applied: student t, Mann-Whitney (quantitativevariables) and Qui-square (χ2) (qualitative variables). The level of significance adopted was of 5%. Results: The main reason for dentalappointment was not the need of periodontal treatment, but tooth pain and dental aesthetics. In relation to the systemic condition, women presented more systemic alterations in comparison with men, showing higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. In relationto the drugs, only 20% of men used systemic drugs, while 52% of women used them. Dental plaque showed similar percentage betweengenders, but bleeding on probing was lower in women. Concerning to periodontal disease the prevalence of pocket probing depth (until4 mm) was equivalent in both genders, and the buccal area of themouth showed a higher prevalence than the labial area. Considering periodontal pocket probing depth (7 mm or more), the result was similar in both genders and the buccal area of the mouth showedhigher prevalence that the labial area. Conclusion: Anamnesis andclinical examination accomplished in the periodontal clinic canestablish some demographic, clinical and systemic disease patterns related to the presence of the periodontal disease in patients seeking treatment at dental school clinics.
An unusual case of oral leiomyoma mimicking a gingival epulis
Authors: Gurukiran Kaur  , Sunitha Carnelio  , Gabriel Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

Leiomyoma, the commonest benign tumor of the uterus is a rare occurrence in the oral cavity and when present mimics various other soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity and lead to a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician. Objective and case report: The low incidence of this lesion, the unusual location, and its histomorphological pattern of presentation which needs to be differentiated from other spindle cell lesions posing a diagnostic challenge makes the report of this case worthy in a 32-year-old male, with a soft tissue swelling of the right lower gingiva which appeared to be an epulis but finally turned out to be a leiomyoma. Conclusion: Histopathology is the only means by which a diagnosis can be arrived at and at times might require special stains for a definitive diagnosis.
Circular RNA Involvement in Aging and Longevity
Authors: Liu Jia , Niu Ruize
Published: September 2022

Background:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and are
mostly generated by the back-splicing of exons in the protein-coding gene. Massive circRNAs are reported
to be differentially expressed in different species, implicating their prospects as aging biomarkers
or regulators in the aging progression.

Methods:

The possible role of circRNAs in aging and longevity was reviewed by the query of circRNAs
from literature reports related to tissue, organ or cellular senescence, and individual longevity.

Results:

A number of circRNAs have been found to positively and negatively modulate aging and
longevity through canonical aging pathways in the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila.
Recent studies have also shown that circRNAs regulate age-related processes and pathologies
such various mammalian tissues, as the brain, serum, heart, and muscle. Besides, three identified representative
circRNAs (circSfl, circGRIA1, and circNF1-419) were elucidated to correlate with aging
and longevity.

Conclusions:

This review outlined the current studies of circRNAs in aging and longevity, highlighting
the role of circRNAs as a biomarker of aging and as a regulator of longevity.
Epileptic Targets and Drugs: A Mini-Review
Authors: Scotti Luciana , Rodrigues Teresa Carolliny Moreira Lustoza , de Moura Jéssica Paiva , dos Santos Aline Matilde Ferreira , Monteiro Alex France M. , Lopes Simone Mendes , Scotti Marcus Tullius
Published: September 2022

Background:

Epilepsy is a neurological disease affected by an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory signaling in the brain.

Introduction:

In this disease, the targets are active in pathophysiology and thus can be used as a focus for pharmacological treatment.

Methods:

Several studies demonstrated the antiepileptic effect of drugs acting on the following tar-gets: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav), Gamma aminobutyric acid transporter type 1 (GAT1), voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), voltage-gated potassium channel of the Q subfam-ily (KCNQ) and Gamma aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receiver.

Results:

These studies highlight the importance of molecular docking.

Conclusion:

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and computer aided drug design (CADD) in predicting of possible pharmacological activities of these targets.
Palliative Home Visit Intervention and Emergency Admission in Pediatric
Cancer Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andriastuti Murti , Halim Pricilia Gunawan , Mulyati Tati , Bangun Meidiana , Widodo Dwi Putro
Published: September 2022

Palliative care model can be carried out at home, in the community, or in long-term home care. Home visits in palliative care have an important role in providing continuity of care and psychosocial support to both the patient and their parents/caretakers. This study is aimed to determine the impact of home visit program to the frequency of emergency room (ER) admissions in children with cancer.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trial of 60 pediatric patients with malignancies who were given palliative care (a 3-months home visit) and those who were not was conducted. Patients were children with cancer aged 2-18 years old. Emergency room admissions from the last three months were recorded before patients were enrolled. A two-way communication between a trained health worker and patients with or without their parents were conducted as the intervention. Interventions were given in six sessions (1 session every 2 weeks). During study period, ER admissions were recorded further. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis, OR calculations were performed.

Results:

In the intervention group, 11 children (36.7%) had fewer ER admissions, while 4 (13.3%) had more and 15 children (50%) had constant ER admissions, respectively. Meanwhile, only 2 children (7.7%) were found to have fewer ER admissions in the control group. Others in this group have varying results, 11 children (42.3%) were found to have more admissions to the ER and 13 children (50%) had constant ER admissions. In the intervention group, ER admissions were reduced by 10 visits, while in the control group, the admissions were increased by 16 visits (OR 4.77, 95% CI 1.29-17.65; p=0.018).

Conclusion:

Palliative home visit provides care matched to patient and family needs, trained parents to be skillful in managing child, and enabling avoidance of unnecessary hospitalizations (4.7 times).
Molecular Epidemiology and Recycling of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Methicillin Among the Staff, Patients, and Surfaces in University Hospital in West Iran, Ilam
Authors: Taherikalani Morovat , Ghanbari Fatemeh , Nourmoradi Heshmatollah , Nazari Ali , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Pakzad Iraj , Soroush Setareh , Ashrafi Behnam
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen causing nosocomial infections and increased hospitalization and mortality among human communities. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are considered a severe threat in nosocomial infections and cause complications in the remedy process of bacterial infections. In this study, 137 samples were collected from different departments, staff, and patients in Ilam hospital. Eighty-eight samples of these strains were examined to test antibiotic resistance and diffusion. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were performed on the samples resistant to oxacillin. 36 (40.9%) strains were MRSA, and 52 (59.1%) isolates were MSSA. 44.4% of MRSA strains with IV SCCmec type. Fourteen different spa types were found using spa typing, of which the most abundant types were t037, t030, and t701, and three new types, including t15471, t15474, and t17470, were identified among the strains. The molecular analysis by MLST showed that the strains are classified into 11 different sequence types. Sequence type 239 and clonal complexes of 329 and 22 were dominant. ST239-spat037-SCCmec III was also identified as the most frequent clone of MRSA. The most identified clones were MRSA ST239-spa t037-SCCmec III. The results show the spa-type distribution between samples of patients, personnel, and surfaces, demonstrating MRSA circulation between patients and the environment. The results show the need to control environmental health
Bisphenol A-Induced Endocrine Dysfunction and its Associated Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Maniradhan Meenu , Calivarathan Latchoumycandane
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely present in many consumer goods that poses a significant threat to our health upon exposure. Humans are exposed to BPA, which directly or indirectly causes endocrine dysfunctions that lead to metabolic disorders like obesity, fatty liver diseases, insulin resistance, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and other endocrine-related imbalances. The duration, quantity, and period of exposure to BPA, especially during the critical stage of development, determine its impact on reproductive and non-reproductive health. Because of its endocrine-disrupting effects, the European Chemical Agency has added BPA to the candidate list of chemicals of very high concern. Due to its estrogenic properties and structural similarities with thyroid hormones, BPA disrupts the endocrine system at different levels. It interacts with estrogen receptors at the molecular level and acts as an antagonist or agonist via an estrogen receptor-dependent signaling pathway. In particular, BPA binds to G-protein coupled receptors and estrogen receptors, activating signaling pathways that influence cellular apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. BPA acts as an obesogen that promotes adipogenesis and correlates with increased lipid accumulation and elevated expression of adipogenic markers. As a metabolic and endocrine disruptor, BPA impairs cellular homeostasis by increasing oxidative mediators and decreasing antioxidant enzymes, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to its endocrine-disrupting properties, BPA exposure induces endocrine dysfunctions, causing metabolic syndrome. This review gives a recent development and novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of BPA-induced endocrine dysfunctions and their associated metabolic disorders.
The Relationship between Serum Iron and Thyroid Function in the Patients
with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Congcong , Wen Song , Yuan Xinlu , Zhou Mingyue , Li Yanyan , Gong Min , Jin Jianlan , Zhou Ligang
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Our primary objective in this study is to determine the relationship
between serum iron (Fe3+) and thyroid functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Materials and Methods:

Glucose metabolic parameters, trace elements, such as Fe3+, and
thyroid functions for 1657 type 2 diabetic patients treated at the Shanghai Pudong Hospital's
Department of Endocrinology from 2018 to 2021 were assessed.

Results:

Variations in free thyroid hormones (FTH) and total thyroid hormones (TTH)
were insignificant; however, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were markedly
elevated in patients with positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or positive
antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (p<0.05). Additionally, gender disparities affected
FTH levels (p<0.05) but not TTH and TSH levels. The female gender was significantly
negatively correlated with serum Fe levels (r=-0.381, p<0.05). Serum Fe3+ deficiency
also had an effect on FT3 in both genders, FT4 and TT4 in males (p<0.05), but not TSH
(p>0.05). The multilinear regression model showed that TT3 (β=0.702), eGFR
(β=0.109), Fe3+ (β=0.003), female gender (β=-0.061), and age (β=-0.061) were the major
determinants for FT3 change. Moreover, renal function, which was represented as the
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), had no effects on Fe3+ and TSH levels but on
the levels of FTH and TTH (p<0.05). FT3/FT4 exhibited correlations with Fe3+ (r=0.252)
and eGFR (r=0.285). Finally, changes in Fe3+ levels had no significant impact on fasting
plasma glucose (FPG), fasting C-peptide, HbA1c, and glycated albumin levels (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

In addition to age, gender, and renal functions, serum Fe3+ levels in T2DM
patients have a significant relationship with thyroid functions.
MicroRNAs as a New Target for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Shademan Behrouz , Avci Cigir Biray , Karamad Vahidreza , Sogutlu Fatma , Nourazarian Alireza
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with advanced age. It is characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss and accounts for most cases of dementia in older people. AD can be rooted in genetic, epigenetic, or environmental causes. There are no drugs or other therapeutic agents to prevent or delay AD progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short and uncoded RNAs that can bind to 200 RNAs approximately. By inhibiting or destroying specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), they control gene expression and broadly affect cellular functions. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating neuronal growth, neuronal differentiation, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic flexibility in the nervous system. The expression levels of miRNAs are changed in neurological diseases, including AD, suggesting that they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, targeting disrupted miRNAs may be a novel therapeutic approach against AD and offers multiple solutions, including harnessing the beneficial effects of beta-amyloid, reducing tau protein, reducing neuronal cell death, and protecting synapses in AD.
A Systematic Review on Sesamum indicum L.: Bridging Traditional
Information and Pharmacological Indications for Future Translational
Research
Authors: Chandra Phool , Shivam  , Sachan Neetu
Published: September 2022

Background::

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., family: Pedaleaceae) is also known as Til, sesamum, beniseed, and sim-sim. Sesame is an herbaceous, tropical, erect, annually grown, and oldest oilseed plant. Sesame crop has been mainly cultivated in Asia, Africa, and different parts of the world for centuries.

Objective:

The aim of this systematic review on Sesamum indicum L is to bridge traditional information and pharmacological indications for future translational research.

Methods:

The current study of Sesamum indicum (S. indicum) on its phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and customary uses depends on a few well-known databases, for example, ACS, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Wiley online library, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Pubmed, and other distributed materials, for example, course books and papers. The literature was looked at using the catchphrases ‘Sesamum indicum’ Sesamin, Sesamol, and Sesamolin, etc.

Results:

Based on data found during reviews, sesame possesses numerous traditional uses and activities. It also showed that different parts of the plant contain different phytoconstituents.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, it is found that S. indicum has been confirmed as an essential therapeutic origin from its conventional use.
Endoscopic Transforaminal Lewlif™ Interbody Fusion with a Standalone Expandable Interbody Fusion Cage
Authors: Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Ramírez León Jorge Felipe
Published: September 2022

Endoscopic spinal fusion is on the horizon. Many surgeons have offered
various endoscopically assisted decompression and fusion surgeries that consist of an
interbody device and posterior supplemental screws. Stabilization of the spine via an
anterior column fusion implant has excellent advantages of improving the fusion rate
via bone graft containment. It can enhance spinal alignment and assist in direct and
indirect decompression of neural elements via restoring normal lumbar curvature and
neuroforaminal height. However, further use of posterior supplemental fixation has the
disadvantage of adding to the operation's complexity in blood loss, time, equipment
needs, and complications. Therefore, a simplified standalone anterior interbody fusion
procedure to be carried out through the transforaminal approach via a small
posterolateral skin incision was of interest to the authors of this chapter, who are
introducing the complete endoscopic implantation of a threaded expandable cylindrical
fusion cage. This fusion system was developed to mitigate subsidence and migration
problems seen with non-threaded lumbar interbody fusion cages, many of which
require posterior pedicle screw fixation. This chapter describes step-by-step
transforaminal decompression fusion technique suitable for an outpatient ambulatory
surgery center setting.
Treatment of Degenerative Scoliosis with Percutaneous Spinal Endoscopy Assisted Interbody Fusion and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation
Authors: Zhang Xifeng , Jianwei Du , Zhang Lei-Ming , Yu Wang
Published: September 2022

Deformity correction is an integral part of spinal surgery. For patients with
painful coronal and sagittal plane deformity, correction to restore lumbar lordosis and
scoliosis is the surgical treatment goal. Traditional open spinal surgery techniques are
associated with wound problems, long-recovery times, high blood loss, and many other
disadvantages compared to their more modern minimally invasive counterparts. While
the minimally invasive percutaneous placement of pedicle-screw-rod constructs has
been tried, anterior column release and fusion techniques to facilitate deformity
correction often require excessive surgical exposures to gain access to the anterior
column. This chapter presents a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic interbody
decompression and fusion technique to release the anterior column and facilitate
deformity correction with the posterior column pedicle screw constructs. When
combined with percutaneous minimally invasive screw placement, the patient's overall
burden by the long-segment spinal fusion procedure can be significantly lowered by
simplifying the entire procedure and carrying it out through small percutaneous
incisions. An illustrative case is presented to demonstrate the utility of endoscopically
assisted interbody fusion in scoliosis patients.
Cervical Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression (CEULBD)- A Technical Perspective
Authors: Hagel Vincent , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2022

Cervical endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (CEULBD) is an applicable surgical method in cases of central canal stenosis, usually
associated with myelopathy. Other authors have shown the feasibility, safety, and
efficacy of this method. They could also demonstrate more favorable perioperative
benchmark data of this procedure than anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF)
in terms of duration of surgery, blood loss, and hospital stay. In this chapter, the
authors focus on the technological advances making this surgery possible. Moreover,
the authors review the relevant surgical anatomy to enable the aspiring endoscopic
spine surgeon to safely and successfully perform the CE-ULBD procedure. Experience
in advanced endoscopic surgery in other areas of the spine is recommended before
imparting on the posterior endoscopic decompression of the stenotic central cervical
spinal canal. The authors have implemented CE-ULBD in formalized and well-structured Endoscopic Spine Academy (Espinea®
) training programs, intending to
provide high educational standards to achieve favorable outcomes with the CE-ULBD
procedure reproducibly.
Effect of Pretreatment Conditions on Mustard Bioactive Compounds
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Nguyen Thu , Nandasiri Ruchira ,   University of Manitoba, Eskin N.A. Michael ,   University of Manitoba
Published: September 2022

Mustard seeds have a substantial agronomic value due to their high protein, oil, and phenolic content. The seeds are a rich source of phenolic compounds compared to many other oilseeds, especially canolol. These bioactive compounds in mustard seeds resulted in their utilization by the food and pharmaceutical industries, for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and chemoprotective properties. By modifying the pretreatment extraction conditions, a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of these crucial compounds were obtained. Based on the electrostatic interaction between the solvent and the extractants, a green extraction method was conducted on Oriental, Black, and Yellow mustard seeds. Preliminary results showed an interesting trend in which pH affected the antioxidant activity of the extractants. Different antioxidant assays, together with the measurement of total phenolics and flavonoids were carried out using different pretreatment combinations of time and pH. Except for metal ion chelation, antioxidant activity increased (p< 0.05) with pretreatment time at all three-pH levels. The total phenolic content significantly increased (p< 0.05) when treated at more acidic pH levels. However, for total flavonoid content at neutral pH, there was no significant difference among the different pretreatment time conditions.
Green Surfactants as Chemical Herders for Maritime Oil Spill Remediation
Authors:   City College of New York (CUNY), John George , Maldarelli Charles ,   The City College of New York
Published: September 2022

The oil slick of a spill on the sea surface can be removed by compressing the oil layer to a sufficient thickness so that it can be burned. The application of chemical surface-active agents known as oil herders are commonly used in open waters to clean and contain oil slicks. In chemical herding, surfactant is dispersed as a monolayer onto the sea surface at the periphery of the oil slick to lower the air/sea surface tension. This causes the slick to contract upon itself. An effective herder is required to significantly lower the tension, and to dampen waves, which can act to break-up the herding monolayer encircling the spill. The focus of this research is to develop herders, which are environmentally friendly and naturally derived green surfactants - a difficult requirement because the marine biota is very sensitive to new chemicals. We have successfully demonstrated the utility of molecules present in the marine environment to lower the surface tension. To this end, we took advantage of the synergism between glycolipids, e.g., MGDG, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phytanic acid (an isoprenoid) which are both present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts of plants. These two molecules in the membrane form a low-tension system through efficient packing. We report measurements of the surface pressure isotherms using a Langmuir trough, and dilatational viscosity using an oscillating pendant drop. We confirm a synergism between MGDG and phytanic acid in mixed monolayers that results in a low tension, and a binding of the polysaccharide to the herding monolayer which results in high dilatational viscosity. Furthermore, we demonstrate pan scale experiments of the efficacy of this herding formulation.
Application of Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Oil Palm Pressed Fibre
Authors:   Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Ng Mei Han , Hadi Nu'man Abdul ,   Malaysian Palm Oil Board
Published: September 2022

"Extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm have been carried out in the past with alkaline hydrolysis and alcoholysis. However, the yields were low and the harsh extraction conditions were not favoured. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) serves as a new medium for efficient extraction of ferulic acid. Choline chloride based DESs were investigated for their application in the extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fibre. Two types of choline chloride based DESs were investigated, choline chloride-acetic acid (ChCl-AA) and choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA) whereby acetic acid was found to be a better hydrogen bond donor to choline chloride than citric acid resulted in higher amount of ferulic acid extracted. Influence of water in DES was investigated whereby viscosity of ChCl-AA and ChCl-CA dropped from 9.678 ± 0.46 to 5.736 ± 0.38 mm2/s and 22.658 ± 0.65 to 10.22 ± 0.34 mm2/s, respectively as the water content in the DES increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The drop in viscosity contributed to higher extraction efficiency in which 41,155 ± 940 mg/kg ferulic acid was obtained from palm pressed fibre after 6 h reflux when ChCl-AA with 30 wt% water was used for the extraction compared to 30,940 ± 621 mg/kg when neat ChCl-AA was used. Although viscosity of the DES could be improved with addition of water, there is a threshold where the DES could tolerate the presence of water without changing its solvent behavior. The optimum condition for extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fiber was 6 h heating with DES containing 30 wt% water. Surface response model revealed that interaction between heating duration and water content in DES, as well as second order effect of both heating duration and water content in DES played important roles in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm pressed fiber.
Comportamento mecânico e de durabilidade de concretos produzidos com efluente industrial tratado e bruto
Authors: A. Zaleski  , B. Marangoni  , S.C. Vanzetto
Published: September 2022

A indústria da construção civil é uma das maiores poluidoras do meio ambiente e consumidora de recursos naturais, água doce e energia. O processo de fabricação do concreto requer uma grande quantidade de água e libera grandes quantidades de CO2 na atmosfera. Em vista disso, uma alternativa que se mostra viável é utilizar efluentes de esgotos tratados na execução de serviços e processos na construção civil que não necessitem de uma água com padrão de qualidade elevado. Posto isto, busca-se nesta pesquisa analisar a viabilidade de reuso de efluentes de esgoto (tratado e bruto) em substituição a água de amassamento do concreto, comparando-os com a substituição de referência, a água potável. Inicialmente, realizou-se a escolha dos materiais empregados para o trabalho, bem como a dosagem experimental e a moldagem dos corpos de prova. Após, avaliou-se as propriedades dos concretos por meio dos ensaios de Resistência à Compressão Uniaxial, Resistência à Tração por Compressão Diametral, Módulo de Elasticidade e Absorção de Água. Através dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios mecânicos e de durabilidade, pode-se concluir que é possível utilizar efluente de esgoto para produção de concreto sem influenciar na qualidade do mesmo, no entanto, deve haver um tratamento adequado e estar de acordo com as normas técnicas NBR 15900-1/2009 e NM 137/1997.
Análise do centro de custo de um edifício de alto padrão: desafios e proposições
Authors: V.C. Fassioni  , L.M.N. Mendes  , H.V.R. Santos
Published: September 2022

Visto que uma edificação demanda diversas atividades, contendo limites e restrições, são necessários procedimentos de planejamento e controle que considerem tais aspectos. O controle de obra é um trabalho complexo, pois é uma atividade que apresenta muitas variáveis e pertence a um ambiente dinâmico e mutável. Tendo como objetivo diagnosticar o uso da ferramenta de centro de custo, no que se refere à determinação de desafios e apresentação de proposições de soluções, foram levantados dados de um edifício de alto padrão, com ênfase nos serviços de alvenaria externa e interna e contrapiso dos pavimentos tipo mediante medição in loco dos mesmos, posteriormente realizou-se o cálculo do previsto por meio do projeto. Com os recursos disponíveis, foi possível comparar o que foi planejado, executado e orçado, além disso, foi feita a análise de como a empresa se organiza e controla seus custos, propondo melhorias técnicas. Por fim, notou-se que, apesar dos benefícios advindos do controle de custo, a empresa não faz o uso dessa ferramenta, em virtude da alocação dos insumos no sistema Integrado de Gestão Empresarial (ERP) não ser realizada de forma devida.
ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSIVITY OF PLAYGROUNDS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ab Wahab Lilawati , Ismail Kharizam , Lop Nor Suzila , Hanid Mahanim
Published: September 2022

Playing is one of the most crucial physical activities for children's development worldwide. Due to the unsuitability of the playground's design and the available play equipment, children with disabilities (CwDs) frequently experience difficulties when playing, especially at public playgrounds, amusement parks, and other recreational areas. They have consistently been mistreated and ignored in several ways. When designing and developing a playground, the accessibility and inclusivity of the space are crucial factors that should be considered. in preparing playgrounds for Children with Disabilities (CwDs). Two objectives are highlighted in this study, 1) to determine the criteria of accessible and inclusive playgrounds for disabled children in Malaysia and 2) to investigate the current accessibility and inclusivity of playgrounds for children with disabilities in Malaysia. The research methodology used is the qualitative method by using semi-structured interviews with caregivers of disabled children. The findings from the study conclude that most of the public playgrounds designed in Malaysia (even including inclusive playgrounds for Children with Disabilities (CwDs)) have still not met the needs of children with disabilities. The findings from this study hopefully will ensure that disabled children in Malaysia have the accessibility to play in inclusive playgrounds happily in the future.
HUMAN NEEDS FULFILLMENT: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF EUDAIMONIC WELLBEING
Authors: Abu Bakar Aisyah , Mohamed Osman Mariana
Published: September 2022

The Maslow hierarchy of needs and Eudaimonic Wellbeing (EWB), which falls under the Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) discipline, are the two concepts that are covered in the study. Issue: The hierarchy of needs does not require that people have to completely fulfil one need before moving up to the succeeding need. Recognizing human needs that are meaningful in promoting SWB, in this instance eudaimonia, is crucial to comprehending the hierarchy's relevance. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to look at the degree of EWB in connection to the difficulty and convenience of meeting human needs in Malaysia. Approach: Mann Whitney U-Tests were employed to determine the median of HF across the difficulty and convenience of meeting 24 human needs. These human needs are the essentials and living conditions for which people strive for. Findings: EWB is considerably increased by the convenience with which the majority of human needs can be met. The research also suggested that satisfying eight human needs for which EWB did not vary considerably was unlikely to impact EWB. These eight requirements were categorised by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as biological and physiological needs, safety and security needs, belonging and love needs, and self-actualization needs.
The Use of Compression Stockings to Reduce Water Retention in the Legs During Gaming and Esports: Randomized Controlled Field Study
Authors: Schmidt Steffen Christian Ekkehard , Sell Stefan , Woll Alexander
Published: September 2022

Background

With the increasing digitalization of daily life, internet-based entertainment such as gaming and streaming has advanced to one of the megatrends of the 21st century. Besides offering a multitude of controversially discussed opportunities for entertainment and social interaction, there is reasonable concern about health issues caused by the absence of physical activity among activities linked to gaming and streaming.

Objective

The aim of this study is to compare the water balance of recreational gamers with and those without compression stockings during a gaming event.

Methods

We measured body composition and water balance with 8-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis among 46 recreational gamers with an average age of 27.1 (SD 6.5) years (5/46, 11% women and 41/46, 89% men) before and after 24 hours at a gaming event. Of the 46 gamers, 23 (50%) gamers wore compression stockings for the duration of the study.

Results

Our study shows that prolonged gaming and associated behaviors during a 24-hour time frame lead to an increase in total body water (+0.76 L; P<.001) and a decrease of phase angle in the lower extremities (−0.47°; P<.001) but not in the upper extremities (+0.09°; P=.80), when no compression is used. Gamers using compression socks did not show any significant negative effects on their body composition.

Conclusions

Prolonged gaming and streaming are serious risk factors for diseases associated with water retention in the legs, and these risks can be measured by bioelectrical impedance and reduced by wearing compression stockings. We conclude that these findings should be discussed and replicated in larger studies and that there is a considerably large market for compression stockings among gamers and live streamers.
Rational choice of hepatoprotectors for drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Osyodlo H.V. , Boichak M.P. , Fedorova O.O.
Published: September 2022

The article deals with a review of the current literature on the clinical use of hepatoprotectors in drug-induced liver injury. The literature was searched in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and other databases. Risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms of liver damage, international diagnostic criteria and treatment for drug-induced liver injuries are considered. Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of hepatoprotectors for the management of drug-induced liver injury are substantiated. The positive effects of ademetionine, a hepatoprotector, are highlighted— choleretic, cholekinetic, regenerating, antioxidant and antitoxic. In accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, it has been found that the indisputable advantage of ademetionine in the comprehensive treatment of drug-induced liver injury is its high clinical effectiveness as a mean of pathogenetic treatment of cholestasis, hepatocellular lesions and their combinations.
Implementation of Inclusive Education Policy for Disabled Children in Primary Schools in Vietnam
Authors: Bich Thao Do Thi
Published: September 2022

Implementing inclusive education (IE) for children with disabilities (CWD) in primary schools is one of the essential roles of school manager to provide equal opportunities in learning and development for CDW. This paper is concerned with exploring IE implementation in primary schools in Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. IE management such as making plans, organising activities, directing, and assessing discussed related to effective implementation of IE policy in these schools indicates that IE management although is not being satisfactorily implemented in schools. The results of the study will be the bases for proposing more effective measures to manage inclusive education in primary schools in Vietnam.