bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Chip Interdigitated Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Sputtered Bifunctional Vanadium Nitride Thin Films with Finely Tuned Inter‐ and Intracolumnar Porosities
Authors: Robert Kevin , Douard Camille , Demortière Arnaud , Blanchard Florent , Roussel Pascal , Brousse Thierry , Lethien Christophe
Published: June 2018

Micro‐supercapacitors (MSC) are considered as promising miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices for Internet of Things applications. Unfortunately, the technological readiness level of these devices is still at the lab scale with the development of individual prototypes due to the difficulty to produce high performance porous electrode material with microelectronic equipment available in pilot production lines. Here, the collective fabrication of on chip MSC based on sputtered porous vanadium nitride (VN) bifunctional material is reported. For the first time in the field of MSC, the porosity of the sputtered VN thin films is fine‐tuned at the nanoscale level in order to produce high capacitance and high conductive electrodes. Interdigitated MSC based on optimized VN thin films are fabricated on silicon wafers using microelectronic facilities. 2 μWh cm−2/10 mWh cm−3 energy densities are reached while keeping a high power density (10 mW cm−2/>50 W cm−3) owing to high electrical conductivity of VN layers. Sputtered vanadium nitride thin films are demonstrated to be suitable pseudocapacitive electrodes and highly conductive current collectors for MSC applications. These findings represent a major advance in order to go toward the large‐scale deployment of such miniaturized power sources.
Probing the Crystal Structure Landscape by Doping: 4‐Bromo, 4‐Chloro, and 4‐Methylcinnamic Acids
Authors: Chakraborty Shaunak , Joseph Sumy , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: June 2018

Accessing the data points in the crystal structure landscape of a molecule is a challenging task, either experimentally or computationally. We have charted the crystal structure landscape of 4‐bromocinnamic acid (4BCA) experimentally and computationally: experimental doping is achieved with 4‐methylcinnamic acid (4MCA) to obtain new crystal structures; computational doping is performed with 4‐chlorocinnamic acid (4CCA) as a model system, because of the difficulties associated in parameterizing the Br atom. The landscape of 4CCA is explored experimentally in turn, also by doping it with 4MCA, and is found to bear a close resemblance to the landscape of 4BCA, justifying the ready miscibility of these two halogenated cinnamic acids to form solid solutions without any change in crystal structure. In effect, 4MCA, 4CCA and 4BCA form a commutable group of crystal structures, which may be realized experimentally or computationally, and constitute the landscape. Unlike the results obtained by Kitaigorodskii, all but two of the multiple solid solutions obtained in the methyl‐doping experiments take structures that are different from the hitherto observed crystal forms of the parent compounds. Even granted that the latter might be inherently polymorphic, this unusual observation provokes the suggestion that solid solution formation may be used to probe the crystal structure landscape. The influence of π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, weak hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds in directing the formation of these new structures is also seen.
Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non‐Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Liu Yao , Sheri Madhu , Cole Marcus D. , Emrick Todd , Russell Thomas P.
Published: June 2018

Polymer zwitterions were synthesized by nucleophilic ring‐opening of 3,3′‐(but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diyl)bis(1,2‐oxathiolane 2,2‐dioxide) (a bis‐sultone) with functional perylene diimide (PDI) or fullerene monomers. Integration of these polymers into solar cell devices as cathode interlayers boosted efficiencies of fullerene‐based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from 2.75 % to 10.74 %, and of non‐fullerene‐based OPVs from 4.25 % to 10.10 %, demonstrating the versatility of these interlayer materials in OPVs. The fullerene‐containing polymer zwitterion (C60‐PZ) showed a higher interfacial dipole (Δ) value and electron mobility than its PDI counterpart (PDI‐PZ), affording solar cells with high efficiency. The power of PDI‐PZ and C60‐PZ to improve electron injection and extraction processes when positioned between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors highlights their promise to overcome energy barriers at the hard‐soft materials interface of organic electronics.
A Molecular Ferroelectric Showing Room‐Temperature Record‐Fast Switching of Spontaneous Polarization
Authors: Sun Zhihua , Yi Xianfeng , Tao Kewen , Ji Chengmin , Liu Xitao , Li Lina , Han Shiguo , Zheng Anmin , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: June 2018

Fast switching of spontaneous polarization (Ps) is one of the most essential requirements for ferroelectrics used in the field of data storage. However, in contrast to inorganic counterparts, the low operating frequency (<500 Hz) for molecular ferroelectrics severely hinders their large‐scale applications. Herein, for the first time, we achieved the room‐temperature fastest switching of the Ps in a new molecular ferroelectric, N‐methylmorpholinium trinitrophenolate (1), which displays notable ferroelectricity (Ps=3.2 μc cm−2). Strikingly, electric polarizations of 1 have been switched under a record‐high frequency of 263 kHz, and this performance remains stable without any obvious fatigue after ca. 2×105 switching cycles. To our knowledge, 1 is the first organic ferroelectric to switch polarization at such a high operating frequency, exceeding the majority of organic ferroelectrics, which opens up new possibilities for its potential in the field of non‐volatile memory.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Organocatalyzed Kinetic Resolutions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Desymmetrizations
Authors: Wang Zhongyao , Pan Dingwu , Li Tingting , Jin Zhichao
Published: June 2018

The last couple of decades have witnessed tremendous development within N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. NHCs have been used as powerful organic catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Although great achievements have been made in asymmetric NHC catalysis, their applications in kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), and desymmetrization processes have been relatively less developed. Moreover, limited activation modes have been involved in these processes. This review provides an overview of the NHC‐organocatalyzed KR, DKR, and desymmetrization reactions in the preparation of chiral functional molecules. The aim is to highlight both the importance and elegance of these methods in the construction of challenging chiral compounds and to provide our own perspective on future development in this direction.
Rail road tie preservative recovery and conversion to hydrocarbon fuels: a conceptual process design and economics
Authors: Houston Ross , Haber Holly , Kim Pyoungchung , Kim Jae‐Woo , Lloyd Jeff , Labbé Nicole , Abdoulmoumine Nourredine
Published: June 2018

In the USA, over 21 million wood railroad ties are produced per year to replace approximately 20 million used ties that have provided primary service in railroad tracks over 40 years. Traditionally, used ties have been processed for energy recovery, typically as boiler fuel. However, recent US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulations and the low cost of natural gas is leading to preservative‐treated ties being used increasingly as landfill. This study evaluated the economic viability of a process that aims to recover the preservatives from used ties and subsequently convert the extracted wood ties to hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline and diesel blendstocks) using an integrated biorefinery concept.

This techno‐economic analysis considered three plants, geographically spread across the USA to minimize transportation costs, with a capacity of 1769 dry tons per day based on a yearly available used railroad‐tie inventory estimated at 2.33 million tons. Under the baseline case scenario, the process produces 237 tons per day of recovered creosote and 69 293 and 74 922 gal per day of gasoline and diesel, respectively. The total capital investment for an nth plant is estimated at $380 million. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) is determined to be $2.52 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) at a 10% required internal rate of return in 2016 US dollars, with a simple payback period of 9 years after tax and a market price of recovered creosote of $2.80/gal. The sensitivity analysis reveals that plant size, internal rate of return, and feedstock cost have the most impact on the MFSP. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Percutaneous access versus surgical cut down for TAVR: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Ates Ismail , Cilingiroglu Mehmet
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is now the standard of care for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis patients who are at high‐surgical risk.

Percutaneous approach without a surgical cut down has been increasingly adapted by some centers in USA.

Percutaneous approach seems to be associated with shorter hospital stay, similar short and late vascular complications, less disabling stroke, similar mortality as well as significantly less hospital cost. However, this technique also requires operators to be able to manage any vascular complications using advanced endovascular interventions to achieve complete hemostasis.
Overlapping bio‐absorbable scaffolds: Aim for D2D technique?
Authors: Khan Asaad A. , Dangas George D.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

The results of overlapping metallic stents have been concerning but this practice is often unavoidable in the setting of long or tortuous lesions, diameter discrepancy of proximal and distal vessel, and for residual dissections.

Theoretically, bio‐absorbable scaffolds may carry an advantage over metallic stents due to the progressive resorption of the scaffold theoretically rendering the overlap a non‐issue; this has not been clinically evident.

Since stent/scaffold overlap cannot be entirely avoided, improved stent delivery/deployment and scaffold design modification may reduce complications in this complex patient subset.
Dual Site Lewis‐Acid Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts for CO2 Fixation: Counteracting Effects of Node Connectivity, Defects and Linker Metalation
Authors: Epp Konstantin , Semrau A. Lisa , Cokoja Mirza , Fischer Roland A.
Published: June 2018

Three Zr‐oxo‐cluster node and porphyrin‐linker based MOFs, MOF‐525, PCN‐222 and PCN‐224 exhibiting different linker connectivities of 12, 8 and 6 and their porphyrin‐linker metalated analogues, were synthesized and tested as catalysts for CO2 fixation by using the cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide to propylene carbonate as the test reaction. In general, the catalytic activity correlates with the connectivity of the Zr‐oxo nodes. The lowest connected PCN‐224 (6‐fold) exhibits a superior catalytic activity in this series, while higher connected PCN‐222 (8‐fold) and MOF‐525 (12‐fold) are less active. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of the higher connected MOFs significantly depends on defects. The (ideally) 12‐connected MOF‐525, however exhibiting 16% of missing linker defects, features a higher catalytic activity compared to the 8‐connected PCN‐222 with less defects. The overall catalytic activity is increased in dual site catalysts when the porphyrin linkers are metalated with Mn(III) and Zn(II) centers, which are acting as additional Lewis acid sites. Here, the metalated MOFs with higher connectivity exhibit the highest activity.
Graphene‐Oxide‐Loaded Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Electrocatalytic Detection of MicroRNA
Authors: Islam Md. Nazmul , Gorgannezhad Lena , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Tanaka Shunsuke , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: June 2018

We report the electrocatalytic activity of a new class of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, graphene‐oxide‐loaded iron oxide (GO/IO hybrid material), towards the reduction of ruthenium hexaammine(III) chloride (Ru(NH3)6]3+, RuHex). Leveraging the electrocatalytic activity of the GO/IO hybrid material and the signal enhancement capacity of [Ru(NH3)6]3+/[Fe(CN)6]3− in an electrocatalytic cycle, an ultrasensitive and specific electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of cancer‐related microRNA (miRNA). Using the direct affinity interaction between RNA and graphene oxide, magnetically isolated and purified target miRNA were directly adsorbed onto a screen‐printed electrode modified with the GO/IO hybrid material. The detection was enabled by chronocoulometric (CC) readout of charge‐compensating [Ru(NH3)6]3+ followed by an enhancement in CC charge display through the Ru(NH3)6]3+/[Fe(CN)6]3− system. We demonstrate an excellent limit of detection of 1.0 fM by accurately detecting miR‐21 in synthetic samples and showcase its clinical utility in ovarian cancer cell lines with high sensitivity (ten cells) and good reproducibility (% RSD=<5 %, for n=3).
Simultaneous Multiplex Potentiostatic Electroanalysis with Liquid‐Junction‐Removed Reference Electrode System using a Closed Bipolar Electrode
Authors: Inoue Kumi Y. , Ikegawa Miho , Ito‐Sasaki Takahiro , Takano Shinichiro , Shiku Hitoshi , Matsue Tomokazu
Published: June 2018

A novel liquid‐junction‐removed reference electrode system was developed for simultaneous multiplex amperometry using a closed bipolar electrode. The liquid junction between the reference cell and the sample cell was replaced by a bipolar electrode to ensure electron conductivity in lieu of ionic conductivity in conventional systems. Under the condition where the redox reaction of the analyte at the bipolar electrode in the sample cell was a limiting process, voltammetric and amperometric measurements were performed for quantitative detection of the analytes. After characterization of the system, a chip‐type device was fabricated with six sample cells and one reference cell. Simultaneous determination of ferrocene methanol was conducted in six solutions in the 0.1–0.5 mM range. This is the first demonstration of the simultaneous multiplex determination of analytes with a liquid‐junction‐removed system. Although the potential control problem (which is different to the liquid potential problem of conventional liquid junction) still remains because of the increase of the solid–liquid interface, this system is expected to solve some problems associated with the liquid junction of the reference electrode, including sample contamination by chloride ions and the complicated process of fabricating a reference electrode on a chip.
Morphology Diversity of L‐Phenylalanine‐Based Short Peptide Supramolecular Aggregates and Hydrogels
Authors: Martí‐Centelles Rosa , Escuder Beatriu
Published: June 2018

Supramolecular aggregates and hydrogels of diverse morphologies can be obtained by replacing the widely studied aromatic N‐capping of phenylalanine derivatives by long alkyl chains. Simple changes in chain length and number of phenylalanine residues lead to a diversity of nanostructures including networks of fibers of different handedness and flat nanosheets. Moreover, additional morphologies could be achieved by a simple pathway selection. These results evidence the impact that small structural and methodological changes have on the self‐assembly of small peptide fragments and recall its relevance for the understanding of protein aggregation as well as for the fine control of peptide material properties for applications.
Self‐Assembled Nanofibrilar Networks: Boosting Hydrogelation Efficiency by Replacement of a Pyridine Moiety by a Quinoline One
Authors: Angulo‐Pachón César A. , Díaz‐Oltra Santiago , Ojeda‐Flores Juan J. , Falomir Eva , Galindo Francisco , Miravet Juan F.
Published: June 2018

A new molecular hydrogelator consisting of a L‐Valine derivative with appended quinoline units behaves as a supramolecular superhydrogelator forming gels at such low concentrations as 0.8 mM (0.05% w/w). On the other hand, an analogue compound containing a pyridine moiety is found to be a poor gelator, forming gels at 19 mM. The gels are pH sensitive because of the protonation of the heterocycle and show microcrystallinity. The rheological properties and biocompatibility are also reported.
Glycosylation: The Direct Synthesis of 2‐Acetamido‐2‐Deoxy‐Sugar Glycosides
Authors: Beau Jean‐Marie , Boyer François‐Didier , Norsikian Stéphanie , Urban Dominique , Vauzeilles Boris , Xolin Amandine
Published: June 2018

Developing methods for the stereoselective synthesis of glycosides, used in the assembly of glycoconjugates or bioactive oligosaccharides, has been essential for making progress in the field of glycosciences. The 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐glycopyranosyl units are the key motifs of these structures and many innovative methods have been elaborated to incorporate these units by stereoselective chemical glycosylation. Most of these methods introduce additional chemical steps to avoid the presence of the acetamide functional group next to the reacting anomeric center. This microreview details the direct but arduous approaches for the synthesis of glycosides in which the NHAc group is present during the glycosylation reaction. Our focus will be on the methods that have appeared in the last two decades.
Natural food colorants derived from onion wastes: Application in a yoghurt product
Authors: Mourtzinos Ioannis , Prodromidis Prodromos , Grigorakis Spyros , Makris Dimitris P. , Biliaderis Costas G. , Moschakis Thomas
Published: June 2018

The valorization of onion (Allium cepa) solid wastes, a 450 000 tonnes/year waste in Europe, by a green extraction method is presented. Polyphenols of onion solid wastes were extracted using eco‐friendly solvents, such as water and glycerol. The 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was also used as a co‐solvent for the augmentation of the extraction yield. The process has been optimized by implementing a central composite face centered design of experiments, with two replicates in the central point, taking into consideration the following independent variables: glycerol concentration, cyclodextrin concentration and temperature. The assessment of the extraction model was based on two responses: the total pigment yield and the antiradical capacity. LC‐MS analysis was also employed in order to identify polyphenols and colorants of the obtained extracts. The main polyphenols found were quercetin and quercetin derivatives and the main colorant was cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside. The extract was also tested as a food colorant in a yoghurt matrix. The onion leaf extract was found to be a stable natural colorant and could be utilized as an alternative ingredient to synthetic coloring agents.
Self‐Stigma, Mental Health Literacy, and Health Outcomes in Integrated Care
Authors: Crowe Allison , Mullen Patrick R. , Littlewood Kerry
Published: June 2018

The authors describe research on the self‐stigma of mental illness and help seeking, mental health literacy, and health outcomes in an integrated care medical center. Results revealed that self‐stigma of mental illness and self‐stigma of seeking help had an inverse relationship with mental health literacy. No statistically significant relationships were found between health outcomes, either type of self‐stigma, and mental health literacy. The authors discuss these and other findings and offer research and counseling implications.
Psychological Safety and Appreciation of Differences in Counselor Training Programs: Examining Religion, Spirituality, and Political Beliefs
Authors: Giordano Amanda L. , Bevly Cynthia M. , Tucker Sarah , Prosek Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2018

This study focused on the extent to which religion, spirituality, and political beliefs predicted counseling students' perceptions of psychological safety and appreciation of differences in their programs. The authors used hierarchical regression models to analyze data from 264 students from 4 different institutions. Results indicated that student age, political conservatism, extrinsic religiosity, and intrinsic spirituality were significant predictors of perceived psychological safety and appreciation of differences. The authors discuss implications of these findings.
Human primary CD34+ cells transplantation for critical limb ischemia
Authors: Lian Weishuai , Hu Xiaoxiao , Pan Long , Han Shilong , Cao Chuanwu , Jia Zhongzhi , Li Maoquan
Published: June 2018

Background

The goal of this study was to characterize the properties of human CD34+ cells in culture and investigate the feasibility and efficacy of CD34+ transplantation in a mouse model of limb ischemia and in patients with no‐option critical limb ischemia.

Methods

Human CD34+ cells isolated from peripheral blood and grown in culture for up to four passages stained positively for the surface markers CD34 and CD133 and showed high viability after cryopreservation and recovery. Seven days after surgery to induce limb ischemia, ischemic muscles of nude mice were injected with CD34+ cells. Two weeks later, mice were scored for extent of ischemic injury, and muscle tissue was collected for immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial cells and RT‐PCR analysis of cytokine expression.

Results

Injury scores of CD34+‐treated, but not control, mice were significantly different before and after transplantation. Vascular density and expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNAs were also significantly increased in the treated mice. Patients with severe lower extremity arterial ischemia were injected with their own CD34+ cells in the affected calf, foot, or toe. Significant improvements were observed in peak pain‐free walking time, ankle‐brachial index, and transcutaneous partial oxygen pressure. These findings demonstrate that growth of human CD34+ cells in vitro and cryopreservations are feasible.

Conclusion

Such cells may provide a renewable source of stem cells for transplantation, which appears to be a feasible, safe, and effective treatment for patients with critical limb ischemia.
Cover Image, Volume 98, Issue 10
Authors: Kancheva Vessela D , Slavova‐Kazakova Adriana K , Angelova Silvia E , Kumar Prashant , Malhotra Shashwat , Singh Brajendra K , Saso Luciano , Prasad Ashok K , Parmar Virinder S
Published: June 2018

The cover image, by Vessela Kancheva et al., is based on the Research Article Protective effects of new antioxidant compositions of 4‐methylcoumarins andrelated compounds with DL‐α‐tocopherol and L‐ascorbic acid, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8892.

image
Preparation and properties of epoxy/basalt flakes anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Yan Jian , Shi Jinjie , Zhang Peigen , Tian Wubian , Zhang Yamei , Sun Zhengming
Published: June 2018

A new high performance environment‐friendly anticorrosive coating is prepared using solvent‐free epoxy resin as film‐forming agent and basalt flakes as main antirust fillers, respectively. The hardness, the adhesion strength, the alkali‐/acid‐resistance, the salt water resistance, and other properties of the coatings are tested. The influence of the addition of different amounts of basalt flakes on the microstructure and anticorrosive property are investigated by water absorption, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and SEM. It is found that the coating containing 10 wt% basalt flakes has the best anticorrosive performance, whose low frequency (0.01 Hz) impedance value, after being immersed in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride for 45 days, is still larger than 107 Ω·cm2, at least one order of magnitude higher than that for pure epoxy coating. The much improved anticorrosive property of coatings originates from the “maze” effect generated by the appropriate amount of basalt flakes.
Effect of residual stress on the stress corrosion cracking in boiling magnesium chloride solution of austenite stainless steel
Authors: Wu Huanchun , Li Chengtao , Fang Kewei , Zhang Wenqian , Xue Fei , Zhang Guodong , Wang Xuelin
Published: June 2018

The effect of residual stress on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviors of Z3CN20.09M, 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steels (SSs) in boiling magnesium chloride solution were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The residual stress of surface and the hardness tested on the cross section of specimens induced by milling operation was decreased with increasing annealing temperature. The crack densities were also decreased with increasing annealing temperature of the specimens, and the SCC did not occur after annealed at 600 °C for 3 h except 316L SS when tested in boiling magnesium chloride solution. Crack initiation mechanism related to the damaged effect on grain boundary during milling operation was analyzed. The double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL‐EPR) tests indicated that the effect of annealing treatment up to 600 °C on intergranular (IG) corrosion susceptibility of 304L and 316L SSs was minor, while it remarkably increased of the Z3CN20.09M SS.
Studies on the Biocompatibility of Poly(diethyl vinyl‐phosphonate) with a New Fluorescent Marker
Authors: Schwarzenböck Christina , Vagin Sergei I. , Heinz Werner R. , Nelson Peter J. , Rieger Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Utilization of group transfer polymerization for the synthesis of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) allows its controlled end‐group functionalization. Thus, a new fluorescent chromophore/PDEVP conjugate is prepared and subjected to biocompatibility tests on two different human cell lines. In contrast to the previous studies, the tagged polymer is not absorbed by cells from the solution and has nearly no impact on cell mortality rate.
Are measures of pain sensitivity associated with pain and disability at 12‐month follow up in chronic neck pain?
Authors: Moloney Niamh , Beales Darren , Azoory Roxanne , Hübscher Markus , Waller Robert , Gibbons Rebekah , Rebbeck Trudy
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Pain sensitivity and psychosocial issues are prognostic of poor outcome in acute neck disorders. However, knowledge of associations between pain sensitivity and ongoing pain and disability in chronic neck pain are lacking. We aimed to investigate associations of pain sensitivity with pain and disability at the 12‐month follow‐up in people with chronic neck pain.

Methods

The predictor variables were: clinical and quantitative sensory testing (cold, pressure); neural tissue sensitivity; neuropathic symptoms; comorbidities; sleep; psychological distress; pain catastrophizing; pain intensity (for the model explaining disability at 12 months only); and disability (for the model explaining pain at 12 months only). Data were analysed using uni‐ and multivariate regression models to assess associations with pain and disability at the 12‐month follow‐up (n = 64 at baseline, n = 51 at follow‐up).

Results

Univariable associations between all predictor variables and pain and disability were evident (r > 0.3; p < 0.05), except for cold and pressure pain thresholds and cold sensitivity. For disability at the 12‐month follow‐up, 24.0% of the variance was explained by psychological distress and comorbidities. For pain at 12 months, 39.8% of the variance was explained primarily by baseline disability.

Conclusions

Neither clinical nor quantitative measures of pain sensitivity were meaningfully associated with long‐term patient–reported outcomes in people with chronic neck pain, limiting their clinical application in evaluating prognosis.
Liquid Sucrose Consumption Promotes Obesity and Impairs Glucose Tolerance Without Altering Circulating Insulin Levels
Authors: Burke Susan J. , Batdorf Heidi M. , Martin Thomas M. , Burk David H. , Noland Robert C. , Cooley Christopher R. , Karlstad Michael D. , Johnson William D. , Collier J. Jason
Published: June 2018

Objective

Multiple factors contribute to the rising rates of obesity and to difficulties in weight reduction that exist in the worldwide population. Caloric intake via sugar‐sweetened beverages may be influential. This study tested the hypothesis that liquid sucrose intake promotes obesity by increasing serum insulin levels and tissue lipid accumulation.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were given 30% sucrose in liquid form. Changes in weight gain, body composition, energy expenditure (EE), and tissue lipid content were measured.

Results

Mice drinking sucrose gained more total body mass (TBM), had greater fat mass, and displayed impaired glucose tolerance relative to control mice. These metabolic changes occurred without alterations in circulating insulin levels and despite increases in whole body EE. Lipid accrued in liver, but not skeletal muscle, of sucrose‐consuming mice. Oxygen consumption (VO2) correlated with fat‐free mass and moderately with TBM, but not with fat mass. ANCOVA for treatment effects on EE, with TBM, VO2, lean body mass, and fat‐free mass taken as potential covariates for EE, revealed VO2 as the most significant correlation.

Conclusions

Weight gain induced by intake of liquid sucrose in mice is associated with lipid accrual in liver, but not skeletal muscle, and occurs without an increase in circulating insulin.
Culturally and linguistically diverse oncology patients' perspectives of consultation audio‐recordings and question prompt lists
Authors: Hyatt Amelia , Lipson‐Smith Ruby , Gough Karla , Butow Phyllis , Jefford Michael , Hack Thomas F. , Hale Sandra , Zucchi Emiliano , White Shane , Ozolins Uldis , Schofield Penelope
Published: June 2018

Objective

Ethnicity and migrant status result in disparities with cancer burden and survival, with communication difficulties cited as the main barrier to access. Our research team tested a communication intervention package comprising consultation audio‐recordings (ARs) and question prompt lists (QPLs) for low English‐speaking (LES) patients with cancer. This study explored LES patient experiences, preferences, and recommendations regarding the communication package.

Methods

Participants completed a questionnaire and qualitative interview regarding ARs and QPLs. Eligibility criteria comprised aged ≥18 years old; a consultation with an oncologist between June 1, 2015 and April 1, 2016; an Arabic, Cantonese, Greek, or Mandarin professional interpreter booked for that consultation; and randomised to receive the communication intervention.

Results

Eighteen patients completed the qualitative interview and 17 completed the questionnaire. Fifteen reported listening to the AR at least once. Participants reported that QPLs and ARs provide support and assistance with remembering and understanding medical information. Both resources were seen as having applicability beyond the oncology setting in regards to improving health service delivery and continuity of care. However, patients felt that individual tailoring of the resources should be considered. Patients also found it useful to share ARs with family.

Conclusions

The LES participants in this study considered the ARs and QPLs useful for most, but not all contexts. Recommendations regarding delivery and use highlight that these resources should be tailored and patient‐driven. Further, patients foresaw a range of additional uses for consultation ARs within the broader healthcare context.
Impact of hypertonic saline on hospitalization rate in infants with acute bronchiolitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Gunther Carlos B. , Franco Ozeia S. , Klassen Terry P.
Published: June 2018

Aim

This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) on the rate of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department (ED) setting.

Method

We searched PubMed, Virtual Health Library‐BVS and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until January 31, 2018. We selected randomized trials that compared nebulized HS with normal saline (NS) or standard care in children up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis in the ED setting. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 293 records were screened and 8 trials involving 1708 patients were included. The meta‐analysis showed a 16% reduction in the risk of hospitalization among patients treated with HS compared to NS (risk ratio [RR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71‐0.98, P = 0.03). A significant effect of HS in reducing the risk of hospitalization was found only in the subgroup analyses of trials in which HS was mixed with bronchodilators, multiple doses (≥3) were given, and risk of bias was low.

Conclusions

Nebulized hypertonic saline may potentially reduce the risk of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in the ED setting. Quality of evidence is moderate due to substantial clinical heterogeneity between studies and large multicenter trials are still warranted.
Forms of Cooperation
Authors: Nechansky Helmut
Published: June 2018

Investigations of cooperation often use totally different definitions, ranging from any mutual activities, via pursuing mutually stipulated goals, to altruistic services to others. To develop an overarching framework to order these definitions, the paper studies cooperation in the widest sense, understood as mutual activity towards mutually accepted goal values. It considers goal‐setting processes preceding cooperation, and the resulting different systems of goal values pursed and the related levels of utility achieved by cooperating parties. These different systems of goal‐values and achieved levels of utility provide a framework to distinguish eight forms of cooperation: They may express (i) sharing ideals, (ii) agreement of equals, or (iii) of unequals; (iv) the uniting of cooperating units; (v) the agreement of representatives; (vi) the restricted integration of newcomers; (vii) hierarchical top‐down subjection; or (viii) altruistic bottom‐up subordination. Finally, it is shown that market exchange neither applies nor leads to any of these forms of cooperation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Flow‐Specific Floodplain Inundation Model to Assess Alligator Gar Recruitment Success
Authors: Robertson Clinton R. , Aziz Karim , Buckmeier David L. , Smith Nathan G. , Raphelt Nolan
Published: June 2018

Alligator Gars Atractosteus spatula historically ranged throughout the lower Mississippi River basin and in the coastal river basins of the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Mexico, but they have now experienced population reductions or extirpations in many parts of their range. Hydrologic alterations of river systems leading to reduced river–floodplain connectivity are thought to be a main contributor to these declines. To better conserve and manage this species, it is important to understand how hydrologic processes influence floodplain connectivity and ultimately the recruitment success of Alligator Gars. Utilizing a one‐dimensional hydraulic model combined with high‐resolution digital elevation models, a high‐resolution floodplain inundation model for the middle Trinity River, Texas, was created. Available land use and vegetation data layers were overlaid to identify and quantify suitable Alligator Gar spawning habitat based on recently developed habitat suitability criteria. Finally, we used this model to estimate historic spawning habitat availability using a hydrologic time series analysis. These spawning habitat availability data were combined with hydrologic and water temperature data and correlated with historic Alligator Gar recruitment success using published year‐class strength data. Our results show that in the middle Trinity River Alligator Gar recruitment success was correlated with variables associated with spawning habitat availability from May to July. The multiple characteristics reflecting the extent, duration, and time that spawning habitats were available appeared to interact to produce exceptional Alligator Gar recruitment.
Active public Facebook use and adolescents' feelings of loneliness: Evidence for a curvilinear relationship
Authors: Wang Kexin , Frison Eline , Eggermont Steven , Vandenbosch Laura
Published: June 2018

Inconsistent results have been reported concerning the relationships between SNS usage and loneliness. The current two‐wave panel study with a one year interval examined the possibility of reciprocal and curvilinear relationships between active public Facebook use and adolescents' social/emotional loneliness. Belgian adolescents from fifteen high schools participated (N = 1188, 55% male). The results showed a U‐shaped relationship between (1) active Facebook use and social/emotional loneliness and (2) emotional loneliness and active Facebook use. Specifically, active Facebook use predicted decreased social/emotional loneliness among low to moderate users, while among heavy users, increased levels of social/emotional loneliness were predicted by active Facebook use. Emotional loneliness predicted higher active Facebook use among lonely adolescents. At the same time, emotional loneliness predicted decreased active Facebook use among adolescents who did not feel lonely. These findings stress to consider different types of loneliness, and reciprocal and curvilinear relationships in future social media research.
Ideal structure and pure infiniteness of ample groupoid -algebras
Authors: BÖNICKE CHRISTIAN , LI KANG
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we study the ideal structure of reduced$C^{\ast }$-algebras$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$associated to étale groupoids$G$. In particular, we characterize when there is a one-to-one correspondence between the closed, two-sided ideals in$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$and the open invariant subsets of the unit space$G^{(0)}$of$G$. As a consequence, we show that if$G$is an inner exact, essentially principal, ample groupoid, then$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$is (strongly) purely infinite if and only if every non-zero projection in$C_{0}(G^{(0)})$is properly infinite in$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$. We also establish a sufficient condition on the ample groupoid$G$that ensures pure infiniteness of$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$in terms of paradoxicality of compact open subsets of the unit space$G^{(0)}$. Finally, we introduce the type semigroup for ample groupoids and also obtain a dichotomy result: let$G$be an ample groupoid with compact unit space which is minimal and topologically principal. If the type semigroup is almost unperforated, then$C_{r}^{\ast }(G)$is a simple$C^{\ast }$-algebra which is either stably finite or strongly purely infinite.
Ice discharge error estimates using different cross-sectional area approaches: a case study for the Canadian High Arctic, 2016/17
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-GÁMEZ PABLO , NAVARRO FRANCISCO J.
Published: June 2018

We analyse the various error sources in the estimation of ice discharge through flux gates, distinguishing the cases with ice-thickness data available for glacier cross-sections or only along the centreline. For the latter, we analyse the performance of three U-shaped cross-sectional approaches. We apply this methodology to glaciers of the Canadian High Arctic. The velocity field is the main error source for small and medium-size glaciers (discharge <100 Mt a−1) with low velocities (<100 m a−1), while for large glaciers (discharge >100 Mt a−1) with high velocities (>100 m a−1) the error in cross-sectional area dominates. Thinning/thickening between ice-thickness and velocity measurements should be considered, as it implies systematic errors up to 8% in our study. The U-shaped parabolic approach, which allows for an adjusted estimation when the ice-thickness measurement point is displaced from the glacier centreline, performs best, with small bias and admissible standard error. We observe an increase of ice discharge from the main glaciers (Trinity and Wykeham) of the Prince of Wales Icefield from 2015 to 2016, by 5 and 20%, respectively, followed by a decrease in 2017, by 10 and 15%, respectively. Belcher Glacier, of the Devon Ice Cap, maintains similar discharges during 2015–17.
The Quest for Today's Totemic Psychology: A New Look at Wundt, Freud and Other Scientists
Authors: Lee Yueh-Ting , Chen Xiangyang , Zhao Yongping , Chen Wenting
Published: June 2018

Totems are symbols or representations of human's affiliations with, and/or categorizations of, animals, plants and inanimate objects. Totemism is related to fundamental human belief systems based on totems. Investigating totems and totemism psychologically is a unique way to explore human minds. We have critically examined Wundt, Freud and many other scholars and scientists who made distinguished contributions to scientific research on totems and totemism almost in the past two centuries –i.e., totemic psychology, which is the study of our mind's categorization and affiliation in the human and natural world today. Understanding and appreciating their totemic psychology can help psychologists today enhance their understanding in other fields—e.g., ecological and environmental psychology, biological psychology, cognitive psychology, personality, social and ethnic psychology, clinical and counseling psychology, cultural psychology, and religious or spiritual psychology. Unfortunately, recent data from a content analysis via PsycInfo and a cross-cultural survey study ( N=273) showed that well-trained psychologists around the world and psychology students in the United States and in China are unfamiliar with Wundt and Freud's totemic contributions to psychology today. The implications, benefits, and lessons of totems and today's totemic psychology are discussed here.
THETA BLOCK FOURIER EXPANSIONS, BORCHERDS PRODUCTS AND A SEQUENCE OF NEWMAN AND SHANKS
Authors: POOR CRIS , SHURMAN JERRY , YUEN DAVID S.
Published: June 2018

The ‘Borcherds products everywhere’ construction [Gritsenko et al., ‘Borcherds products everywhere’, J. Number Theory148 (2015), 164–195] creates paramodular Borcherds products from certain theta blocks. We prove that the $q$-order of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{C_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$, depending only on the $q$-order $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ of the theta block. Similarly, the $q$-order of the leading Fourier–Jacobi coefficient of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{A_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$, and this is the sequence $\{a_{n}\}$ from work of Newman and Shanks in connection with a family of series for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$. Our proofs use a combinatorial formula giving the Fourier expansion of any theta block in terms of its germ.
Language policy and social change: A critical examination of the implementation of an English-only language policy in a Danish company
Authors: Lønsmann Dorte , Mortensen Janus
Published: June 2018

The article examines the introduction of English as a corporate language in a Danish consultancy company from a critical angle. Based on analyses of language policy documents and interviews with language policy makers in the company, we investigate the underlying assumptions of the policy-making process, and explore how the language policy functions as a means of exerting power beyond the domain of language. The article shows how the language policy is heavily influenced by the language ideology of English as the natural language in global business as well as by neoliberal ideals of international expansion. Drawing on the notion of language commodification, the article investigates how the language policy reconfigures the social space of the organisation. The analysis shows that while the language policy aims to change the company culture towards a more ‘global mindset’, it also effects social change by legitimising certain types of employees while marginalising others. (Language policy, social change, English as a corporate language, language ideologies, linguistic market, language commodification)*
Assessment of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl Potential to Carryover to Subsequent Crops
Authors: Miller M. Ryan , Norsworthy Jason K.
Published: June 2018

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide that will provide a novel site of action in rice production. In many areas of the United States it is common practice to plant soybeans in rotation with rice, thereby introducing the potential for herbicide carryover. Multiple field experiments were conducted in 2014 and repeated in 2015 to evaluate potential plant-back restrictions for soybean and other row crops following an application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. In the first experiment, treatments comprised florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at 40 followed by 40 g ai ha–1, 80 fb 80 g ai ha–1, and a nontreated check. In 2014, herbicides were applied to a silt loam soil near Stuttgart and Colt, AR, and fields remained fallow following application. The following year, corn, cotton, soybean, grain sorghum, and sunflower were planted within the previously treated area. Stand counts, crop heights, and visual injury assessments were done for each crop following planting, and aboveground biomass data were collected 28 d after planting. No significant differences were observed among the treatments for any of the parameters assessed, highlighting the rotational flexibility of common row crops 1 yr following a florpyrauxifen-benzyl application. In the second experiment, florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 30 and 60 g ai ha–1 at 56, 28, 14, and 0 d before planting soybean. Injury assessments corresponded to the highest concentration of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and its metabolites recovered from soil at the time of planting. Conversely, soybean injury was reduced when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at increasing intervals before planting. At the end of each season, soybean yield was similar to the nontreated control when florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 or 60 g ai ha–1 was applied 56 d before planting, whereas all other treatments reduced yield. These results support a relatively short replant interval for soybean after florpyrauxifen-benzyl application to rice.
PEGylation of polypropylenimine dendrimers: effects on cytotoxicity, DNA condensation, gene delivery and expression in cancer cells
Authors: Somani Sukrut , Laskar Partha , Altwaijry Najla , Kewcharoenvong Paphitchaya , Irving Craig , Robb Gillian , Pickard Benjamin S. , Dufès Christine
Published: June 2018

Diaminobutyric polypropylenimine (DAB) dendrimers have been shown to be highly efficient non-viral gene delivery systems for cancer therapy. However, their cytotoxicity currently limits their applications. To overcome this issue, PEGylation of DAB dendrimer, using various PEG molecular weights and dendrimer generations, has been attempted to decrease the cytotoxicity and enhance the DNA condensation, size and zeta potential, cellular uptake and transfection efficacy of these dendriplexes. Among all the PEGylated dendrimers synthesized, generation 3- and generation 4-DAB conjugated to low molecular weight PEG (2 kDa) at a dendrimer: DNA ratio of 20:1 and 10:1 resulted in an increase in gene expression on almost all tested cancer cells lines (by up to 3.2-fold compared to unmodified dendrimer in A431 cells). The highest level of β-galactosidase gene expression (10.07 × 10−3 ± 0.09 × 10−3 U/mL) was obtained following treatment of B16F10-Luc cells with G4-dendrimer PEGylated with PEG2K at a dendrimer: DNA ratio of 20:1. These delivery systems significantly decreased cytotoxicity on B16F10-Luc cells, by more than 3.4-fold compared to unmodified dendrimer. PEGylated generations 3- and 4-DAB dendrimers are therefore promising gene delivery systems for cancer therapy, combining low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficacy.