bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COMPUTER BASED INSTRUCTIONAL (CBI) DAN GAYA BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SENI BUDAYA DAN KETRAMPILAN (SBK)
Authors: Widiyanto Agus , . Yanuardi , Saefuddin Didin
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) apakah terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar SBK antara siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis komputer (CD Interaktif) dengan siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, (2) apakah terdapat pengaruh interaksi antar model pembelajaran dan gaya belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa, (3) apakah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil belajar SBK dengan gaya belajar visual, siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis komputer dengan siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, (4) apakah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil belajar SBK dengan gaya belajar auditorial , siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) Model pembelajaran berbasis komputer lebih unggul dibanding model pembelajaran konvensional, hal ini terlihat dari rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran komputer sebesar 22,5, sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional sebesar 19,5 , selisih rata-rata 3,73 , dengan signifikansi F hitung =45,469 > F tabel = 4,01 atau F hitung > F tabel , ? = 0,05. Dengan demikian terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan gaya belajar auditorial yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional lebih tinggi dibanding yang dibelajarkan dengan model komputer. Berarti peserta didik dengan gaya belajar auditorial lebih cocok menggunakan model konvensional.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS (Survei Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IX SMP Ibnu Aqil)
Authors: Riswandi Aris , Achyanadia Septy
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Hubungan antara kecerdasan linguistik dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris; (2) hubungan antara komunikasi interpersonal dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris; dan (3) hubungan antara kecerdasan linguistik dan komunikasi interpersonal secara bersama-sama dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris.
Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian korelasional. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu: (1) Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris (Y); (2) Kecerdasan linguistik (X1); dan (3) komunikasi interpersonal (X2). Sampel penelitian berjumlah 65 peserta didik yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik sampel acak proposional (proposonal random sampling).
Pengujian persyaratan analisis untuk uji normalitas menggunakan uji Liliefors galat taksiran (Y-Y ?) dan untuk uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Bartlett dengan a = 0,05 dan a = 0,01 diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sampel berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal dan homogeny.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) terdapat hubungan positif antara kecerdasan linguistik (X1) dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris (Y) yang memiliki persamaan regresi ? = 4,651 + 0,628 X1 dengan koefisien korelasi ry1 0,600. Nilai koefisiensi determinasi yang diperoleh adalah 36% yang dapat ditaksirkan bahwa variabel bebas X1 (Kecerdasan linguistik) memiliki kontribusi sebesar 36% terhadap variabel Y (Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris) dan 64% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar variabel X1; (2) terdapat hubungan positif antara komunikasi interpersonal (X2) dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris (Y) yang memiliki persamaan regresi ? = -20,256 + 0,349X2 dengan koefisiensi korelasi ry2 = 0,634. Nilai koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh 40,2% yang dapat ditafsirkan bahwa variabel bebas X2 memiliki pengaruh kontribusi sebesar 40,2% terhadap variabel Y dan 59,8% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar variabel X2; (3) terdapat hubungan positif antara kecerdasan linguistik (X1) dan komunikasi interpersonal (X2) dengan hasil belajar Bahasa inggris yang memiliki persamaan regresi Y ?=-19,356+ 0,439 X1+0,262X2 dengan koefisien korelasi Ry.12 = 0,743. Koefisien determinasi antara variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dengan variabel terikat (Y) didapat sebesar 0,553. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa 55,3% Hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris dapat dipengaruhi secara bersama-sama oleh variabel kecerdasan linguistik dan komunikasi interpersonal.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SD SEKOLAH ALAM BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Hasanuddin Firdaus , Arief Zainal Abidin
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini beranjak dari fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PAI pada materi puasa. Oleh karena itu seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan model pembelajaran STAD sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.
Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk menganalisis secara empiris efektifitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievemen Divisions) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pendidikan agama islam kelas V SD Sekolah Alam Bangka Belitung. (2) Untuk menganalisis secara empiris efektifitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievemen Divisions) dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas V SD Sekolah Alam Bangka Belitung.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi siswa sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa di kelas V SD Sekolah Alam Bangka Belitung. Sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD hasil belajar siswa hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 65,9 atau 46,5 % dari ketuntasan belajar, kemudian meningkat pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 66,15 atau 53,84 % dari ketuntasan belajar, dan meningkat pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 83,33 atau 69,23 % dari ketuntasan belajar, kemudian meningkat lagi pada siklus III dengan nilai rata-rata 86,52 atau 84,61 % dari ketuntasan belajar. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD juga dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, pada siklus I prosentase rata-rata mencapai 31,38 % atau motivasi rendah, meningkat pada siklus II prosentase rata-rata menjadi 41,3 % atau motivasi sedang, lalu meningkat lagi pada siklus III prosentase rata-rata menjadi 54,84 % atau motivasi tinggi.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENTS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI LITOSFER DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN DI KELAS X IPS SMA NEGERI 3 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Rahayu Wiwin Ratna
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini beranjak dari fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran geografi tentang litosfer. Oleh karena itu seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan strategi pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi Lithosfer di kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 3 Bogor semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016-2017.(2)Untuk mendeskripsikan proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Lithosfer pada mata pelajaran geografi sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model Teams Games Tournament di kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 3 Bogor semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016-2017.(3)Untuk mengukur berapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Lithosfer pada mata pelajaran geografi setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament di kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 3 semester genapl tahun pelajaran 2016-2017.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas x IPS SMA Negeri 3 Kota Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament hasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 70,00 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan Teams Games Tournament menjadi 76 pada siklus 1 dan 86 pada siklus 2
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament yang disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu peneliti menyarankan agar penggunaan model Teams Games Tournament disosialisasikan dan digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran geografi di sekolah-sekolah di lingkungan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bogor.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BRAINSTORMING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TENTANG PERENCANAAN JARINGAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN RANCANG BANGUN JARINGAN DI KELAS XI TIB SMK NEGERI 2 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: . Haryono
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini beranjak dari fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Rancang Bangun Jaringan (RBJ)tentang Perencanaan Jaringan.Oleh karena itu seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan strategi pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran brainstormingdapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Perencanaan Jaringan Pada Mata Pelajaran Rancang Bangun Jaringan Di Kelas XI TIB SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor; (2) Untuk mendeskripsikanproses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Perencanaan Jaringan Pada Mata Pelajaran Rancang Bangun Jaringan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran brainstorming di Kelas XI TIB SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor; dan (3) Untuk mengukur besarnyapeningatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Perencanaan Jaringan Pada Mata Pelajaran Rancang Bangun Jaringan sesudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran brainstorming di Kelas XI TIB SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran brainstorming dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas XI TIB SMK Negeri 2 kota Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan metode pembelajaran brainstorminghasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 66,72 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan metode pembelajaran brainstorming menjadi 74,78 pada siklus 1 dan 79,08. pada siklus 2
Dari uraian di atas peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode pembelajaran brainstorming yang disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu peneliti menyarankan agar penggunaan metode pembelajaran brainstorming disosialisasikan dan digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah di lingkungan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bogor.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK DENGAN MATERI MENGGUNAKAN ALAT-ALAT UKUR MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) DI SMK NEGERI 2 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Hari Ujang
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada pelajaran teknologi mekanik tentang teknik penggunaan alat ukur siswa kelas X MA SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL), (2) Meningkatkan prestasi hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran teknologi mekanik tentang teknik penggunaan alat ukur siswa kelas X MA SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL).   Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan dengan data berupa data kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MA dengan jumlah siswa 32. Data keaktifan siswa dikumpulkan dengan observasi dan data prestasi hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan hasil ulangan harian.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Adanya peningkatan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran pada siklus I persentase Keaktifan dalam proses pembelajaran 75,56%, termasuk dalam kategori baik, pada siklus II diperoleh persentase keaktifan rata-rata 88,69%. (2) Adanya peningkatan prestasi hasil belajar siswa yaitu pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa sebesar 78,13% dan pada siklus II sebesar 83,37%.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TRAINER MONITOR TELEVISI PADA MATA PELAJARAN PEREKAYASAAN SISTEM RADIO DAN TELEVISI TENTANG TROUBLESHOOTING MONITOR TELEVISI KELAS XI EA SMK NEGERI 2 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Agustio Wahyuni
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini beranjak dari rendahnya pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran tentang monitor televisi.  Oleh karena itu seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan strategi pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui bahwa media trainer monitor televisi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang monitor televisi pada mata pelajaran perekayasaan sistem radio dan televisi di kelas XI.EA SMK Negeri 2  Kota Bogor; 2) menggambarkan proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang monitor televisi  sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media trainer monitor televisi di kelas XI.EA SMK Negeri 2  Kota Bogor; 3) mengukur besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang monitor televisi setelah menggunakan media trainer monitor televisi di Kelas XI.EA SMK Negeri 2  Kota Bogor, tahun pelajaran 2016-2017.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media trainer monitor televisi dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di Kelas XI.EA SMK Negeri 2 Kota Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan media trainer monitor tele-visi hasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata pra siklus 66,15 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan media trainer monitor televisi menjadi 73,93 pada siklus 1 dan 85,22 pada siklus 2.  Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang disesuaikan dengan  materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu peneliti menyarankan agar penggunaan media trainer monitor televisi disosialisasikan dan digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran perekayasaan system radio dan televisi di sekolah-sekolah SMK pada Paket Keahlian Teknik Audio Video.
Numerical Study on the Performance and Behavior of Two-way Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Different Types of Styropor Blocks
Authors: Kanaan Rand Tariq , Al-Ahmed Ali Hussein Ali
Published: April 2019

This paper studies the performance of two-way reinforced concrete slabs with different sizesand shapes of cavities numerically under uniform load. Nineteen simply supported slab models were modeled with dimensions of (1060 1060  70) mm. One of them wasthe reference model which was solid slab and the others were with different shapes, sizes and numbers of cavities.The slab models with cavities divided into three groupsaccording to the shape of the cavities, each group contained six slab models, first group contained slab models with square shape of cavities while the second group contained the models with diamond cavities and third group contained models with circular cavities.In each group there were different numbers of cavities (9, 16 and 25), and the thickness was either 2 cm or 4 cm.

The numerical results show that, when the percentage reduction of models weight was (14 %) which is corresponding to the cavities thickness of (2 cm), for this case the ultimate load capacity reduced by (3.40 - 13.61)%. While when the percentage reduction in weight was (28 %) which is corresponding with the cavities thickness of (2 cm), the ultimate load capacity reduced by (14.97 - 24.49) %.
(ECO)FORMAR FORMADORES
Authors: Simão Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2019

PUKALL, J. P.; SILVA, V. L. S; SILVA, A. R.  Projetos Criativos Ecoformadores na Educação Básica: uma experiência em formação de professores na perspectiva da criatividade. Dissertação (Mestrado em educação). Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB, 2016. 90 p.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE GÊNERO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: PERCEPÇÕES DE ORIENTADORAS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Sousa Lúcia Aúlete Burigo , Graupe Mareli Eliane , Locks Geraldo Augusto
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as políticas públicas de gênero no contexto escolar. O referencial teórico abarca autoras do campo de educação, gênero e políticas públicas. É uma investigação de caráter documental e pesquisa de campo com quatro orientadoras educacionais da rede municipal de ensino. Os dados foram interpretados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo qualitativo. O foco da análise reside nas contribuições das políticas públicas e as percepções de orientadoras educacionais acerca da implementação dessas políticas na prática escolar. Constatou-se que, embora haja conhecimento dessas políticas, existe uma ruptura entre o saber e o fazer pedagógico.

 

Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas; Gênero; Orientadoras Educacionais; Pedagogia da equidade;

 

 

PUBLIC POLICIES OF GENDER IN THE SCHOOL CONTEXT: EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE PERCEPTIONS

Abstract

 

The purpose of this article is to reflect on public policies of gender in the school context. The theoretical reference covers authors of the field of education, gender and public policies. It is an investigation of documentary nature and field research with four educational instructors of the municipal teaching network. Data wereinterpreted according to qualitative content analysis. The focus of the analysis lies in the contributions of public policies and the perceptions of educational leaders about the implementation of these policies in the school practice. It was found that, although there is knowledge of these policies, there is a break between knowledge and pedagogical doing.

 

Keywords: Public policies; Genre; Educational Advisors; Pedagogy of equity;
Разработка и реализация единой концепции управления территориями отселения и отчуждения Беларуси и России в части обеспечения защиты населения
Authors: Подоляк Александр , Седукова Галина , Лозовая Зоя , Исаченко Сергей
Published: April 2019

Разработана единая концепция управления территориями отселения и отчуждения Беларуси и России в части обеспечения защиты населения. Составлены мероприятия по трем направлениям работ в ходе реализации Единой стратегии: обеспечение безопасной жизнедеятельности граждан Беларуси и России, проживающих на территориях, прилегающих к зонам отчуждения и отселения; обеспечение устойчивого социально-экономического развития территорий, подвергшихся радиоактивному загрязнению; обеспечение взаимодействия России и Беларуси по предупреждению и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций на приграничных территориях с высокими уровнями радиоактивного загрязнения.
Учет дисперсного состава вдыхаемой фракции и закономерностей аккумуляции аэрозоля в различных отделах дыхательного тракта при расчете доз внутреннего облучения
Authors: Горбачева Наталья Владимировна , Кулич Николай Васильевич , Кузьмина Наталья Дмитриевна
Published: April 2019

C целью учета влияния распределения частиц газоаэрозольного выброса по размерам диаметров на ингаляционную дозу облучения выполнена модификация модели внутреннего облучения от ингаляции, рекомендованной МКРЗ, в части учета вероятности перехода аэрозольных частиц из вдыхаемого воздуха в различные отделы дыхательного тракта. На основе модифицированной дозиметрической модели выполнена модернизация компьютерной программы RADRISK («ОИЭЯИ – Сосны» НАН Беларуси), выполняющей расчет атмосферной диффузии радиоактивной примеси и оценку доз облучения населения. Методом имитационного моделирования дисперсного состава радиоактивного аэрозоля, поглощаемого при вдыхании, а также статистических характеристик частиц, осаждаемых в различных отделах легких, выполнены расчеты ингаляционной дозы облучения населения.
Improved NEPA Substations On-Line Monitoring Technology Using Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Omidiora M
Published: April 2019

Condition monitoring of power substations is a significant issue for the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) of Nigeria. Current methods for monitoring the condition of high voltage equipment are time consuming and often inaccurate, therefore causing catastrophic damage to the substation equipment. Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of employing optical fiber sensors in condition monitoring of substation equipment. These sensors enhance the current monitoring method and facilitate faster responses to equipment problems. This paper briefly reviews the state of the arts, but is primarily devoted to a discussion of the new approach and future directions in condition monitoring of NEPA substation equipment.
Electrochemistry in Thin Solid Films of Prussian Blue: A Model Demonstration of Reversible Behavior
Authors: Hazen Ryan , Spaulding Rose , Kasem Kasem , Sigle Ellen
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the effectiveness of Prussian Blue (PB) or KxFeAx[Fe BY(CN)6]z thin films as a model to demonstrate the concept of reversibility of electron and ion exchange processes. PB structure is modified via exchanging the FeA (the counter ion) with other metal ions that have electrochemically active or inactive redox behavior. The modeling process includes the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of PB before and after modification. The results can be compared and used to derive conclusions about the validity of PB as a model compound.
The Relationship of Apis mellifera with Exotic and Native Plants in Boulder County, Colorado
Authors: Krend Kira , Murphy Christina
Published: April 2019

Since honeybees (Apis mellifera) were introduced to North America in the 1600’s, their influence has been profound and widespread. As pollinators, honeybees are extremely valuable economically and are vital to crop pollination. However, their presence has affected native ecosystems, including the plains ecosystem in Colorado. Using recruitment and other unique foraging characteristics, honeybees may be out-competing native pollinators for nectar and pollen resources. Our study was designed to determine if A. mellifera has a preference for exotic or native plants. We observed patches of exotic plants and patches of native plants and recorded the type of bee (exotic or native) that visited each flowering head. We also examined data from Kearns and Oliveras (unpublished), which illustrates that invasive plant species are also popular with native bees, and may draw vital pollinators away from native plants. Our results indicate that honeybees prefer to visit exotic invasive plant species to native plants. Consequently, honeybees may contribute to the spread of exotic plant species and the decline of native plant species, reducing biodiversity. Thus, native plants are doubly jeopardized. The invasion of exotic flora and fauna into native ecosystems on the plains of Colorado is part of a worldwide phenomenon of species invasion, and researchers must continue to investigate interspecies relationships to minimize the potential negative effects of invasive species.
Effect of Heavy Rainfall Events on the Dry Matter Yield Trend of Whole Crop Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kim Moonju , Chemere Befekadu , Sung Kyungil
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to detect the historical dry matter yield (DMY) trend and to evaluate the effects of heavy rainfall events on the observed DMY trend of whole crop maize (WCM, Zea mays L.) using time-series analysis in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The climatic variables corresponding to the seeding to harvesting period, including the growing degree days, mean temperature, etc., of WCM along with the DMY data (n = 543) during 1982–2011, were used in the analysis. The DMY trend was detected using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with the explanatory variables (ARIMAX) form of time-series trend analysis. The optimal DMY model was found to be ARIMAX (1, 1, 1), indicating that the DMY trend follows the mean DMY of the preceding one year and the residual of the preceding one year with an integration level of 1. Furthermore, the SHGDD and SHHR were determined to be the main variables responsible for the observed trend in the DMY of WCM. During heavy rainfall events, the DMY was found to be decreasing by 4745.27 kg/ha (p < 0.01). Our analysis also revealed that both the intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events have been increasing since 2005. The forecasted DMY indicates the potential decrease, which is expected to be 11,607 kg/ha by 2045. This study provided us evidence for the correlation between the DMY and heavy rainfall events that opens the way to provide solutions for challenges that summer forage crops face in the Republic of Korea.
Actual Evapotranspiration and Tree Performance of Mature Micro-Irrigated Pistachio Orchards Grown on Saline-Sodic Soils in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Authors: Marino Giulia , Zaccaria Daniele , Snyder Richard L. , Lagos Octavio , Lampinen Bruce D. , Ferguson Louise , Grattan Stephen R. , Little Cayle , Shapiro Kristen , Maskey Mahesh Lal , Corwin Dennis L. , Scudiero Elia , Sanden Blake L.
Published: April 2019

In California, a significant percentage of the pistachio acreage is in the San Joaquin Valley on saline and saline-sodic soils. However, irrigation management practices in commercial pistachio production are based on water-use information developed nearly two decades ago from experiments conducted in non-saline orchards sprinkler-irrigated with good quality water. No information is currently available that quantify the effect of salinity or combined salinity and sodicity on water use of micro-irrigated pistachio orchards, even though such information would help growers schedule irrigations and control soil salinity through leaching. To fill this gap, a field research study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to measure the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from commercial pistachio orchards grown on non-saline and saline-sodic soils in the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley of California. The study aimed at investigating the functional relations between soil salinity/sodicity and tree performance, and understanding the mechanisms regulating water-use reduction under saline and saline-sodic conditions. Pistachio ETa was measured with the residual of energy balance method using a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance equipment. Saline and saline-sodic conditions in the soil adversely affected tree performance with different intensity. The analysis of field data showed that ETa, light interception by the tree canopy, and nut yield were highly and linearly related (r2 > 0.9). Moving from non-saline to saline and saline-sodic conditions, the canopy light interception decreased from 75% (non-saline) to around 50% (saline) and 30% (saline-sodic), and ETa decreased by 32% to 46% relative to the non-saline orchard. In saline-sodic soils, the nut yield resulted around 50% lower than that of non-saline orchard. A statistical analysis performed on the correlations between soil physical-chemical parameters and selected tree performance indicators (ETa, light interception, and nut yield) revealed that the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) adversely affected tree performance more than the soil electrical conductivity (ECe). Results suggest that secondary effects of sodicity (i.e., degradation of soil structure, possibly leading to poor soil aeration and root hypoxia) might have had a stronger impact on pistachio performance than did salinity in the long term. The information presented in this paper can help pistachio growers and farm managers better tailor irrigation water allocation and management to site-specific orchard conditions (e.g., canopy features and soil-water salinity/sodicity), and potentially lead to water and energy savings through improved irrigation management practices.
The Role and Welfare of Cart Donkeys Used in Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Zahir Ali , Nawaz Zahid , Nawaz Sher , Carder Gemma , Ali Manuchahar , Soomro Naimatullah , Compston Polly C.
Published: April 2019

Equine ownership is a common income-generating strategy in Pakistan. In Karachi, donkey carts are used to transport building materials, commercial produce and garbage. This study aimed to articulate the role and welfare of donkeys used in waste management. We conducted interviews with donkey owners (n = 200), households which use donkey carts for waste collection (n = 50) and key informants (n = 14). To assess the welfare of donkeys, the Standardised Equine-Based Welfare Assessment Tool (SEBWAT) was used (n = 204). Collection of waste was the primary source of income for 89% of owners interviewed. Of those directly involved in waste collection, 62% were found to be under 18 years of age. During interviews with donkey cart customers the majority reported that there would be a huge garbage build-up if donkey carts were not available. Welfare assessments demonstrated that 52.9% of donkeys had a body condition score of two. Muzzle mutilation was extremely high (78.4%) and 66.7% of donkeys had superficial knee lesions. This is the first study that has explored the role of donkey carts in waste management in Pakistan. The data demonstrate the sizable role that donkey-owning communities play in waste management and the important livelihood option this offers, as well as considerable animal welfare concerns.
Rifampicin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Intracellular Infections
Authors: Subramaniam Santhni , Thomas Nicky , Gustafsson Hanna , Jambhrunkar Manasi , Kidd Stephen P. , Prestidge Clive A.
Published: April 2019

Infectious diseases remain a major burden in today’s world, causing high mortality rates and significant economic losses, with >9 million deaths per year predicted by 2030. Invasion of host cells by intracellular bacteria poses treatment challenges due to the poor permeation of antimicrobials into the infected cells. To overcome these limitations, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) loaded with the antibiotic rifampicin were investigated as a nanocarrier system for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infection with specific interest in the influence of particle size on treatment efficiency. An intracellular infection model was established using small colony variants (SCV) of S. aureus in macrophages to systemically evaluate the efficacy of rifampicin-loaded MSNP against the pathogen as compared to a rifampicin solution. As hypothesized, the superior uptake of MSNP by macrophages resulted in an enhanced treatment efficacy of the encapsulated rifampicin as compared to free antibiotic. This study provides a potential platform to improve the performance of currently available antibiotics against intracellular infections.
Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates at Jordan University Hospital (2000–2018)
Authors: Sallam Malik , Abbadi Jumana , Natsheh Anas , Ababneh Nidaa A. , Mahafzah Azmi , Özkaya Şahin Gülşen
Published: April 2019

Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) in pneumococci complicates the treatment of serious pneumococcal infections. Country-specific AMR patterns can help to establish guidelines for empiric therapy. The aim of the current study was to analyze the distribution of AMR among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) during 2000–2018. Paper-based and electronic clinical data registry records from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed to study the AMR among pneumococcal isolates at JUH. Temporal trend analysis was done using two-tailed linear-by-linear test for association. The total number of unique pneumococcal isolates that were identified was 556, of which 544 isolates had antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. The most frequent specimens were eye (n = 117, 21.0%), bloodstream (n = 93, 16.7%) and sputum (n = 81, 14.6%). Invasive infections represented 23.6% of all unique isolates. The overall susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolates during the study period to different antimicrobials was: 100% to vancomycin, 97.7% to ceftriaxone, 97.1% to cefotaxime, 94.9% to chloramphenicol, 89.7% to penicillin, 83.8% to levofloxacin, 67.7% to clindamycin and 52.1% to erythromycin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) was 8.6% (95% confidence interval: 6.4–11.5%). Trend analysis showed an increase in the prevalence of non-susceptibility to erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin (p < 0.001). MDR prevalence increased from 1.6% in the first quarter to 14.6% in the fourth quarter (p < 0.001). The incidence of invasive infections declined over the study period (p < 0.001). The increase in the prevalence of AMR and MDR among pneumococcal isolates in Jordan demands judicious use of antimicrobials and regular surveillance of resistance.
Water- and Fat-Soluble Antioxidants in Human Seminal Plasma and Serum of Fertile Males
Authors: Lazzarino Giacomo , Listorti Ilaria , Bilotta Gabriele , Capozzolo Talia , Amorini Angela , Longo Salvatore , Caruso Giuseppe , Lazzarino Giuseppe , Tavazzi Barbara , Bilotta Pasquale
Published: April 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically involved in functions like sperm maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, but their excess is involved in male infertility. Antioxidants in seminal plasma (SP) are an important factor balancing physiologic and harmful ROS activities. In this study, we determined and compared the full profiles of the water- and fat-soluble antioxidants in SP and serum of 15 healthy fertile subjects (ranging between the ages of 35 and 42 years). Ejaculates were obtained after 2–5 days of sexual abstinence. After liquefaction and withdrawal of an aliquot for the sperm count, samples were centrifuged to obtain SP. Thirty min after semen donation, a venous blood sample was collected from each subject. Donors with lower SP concentrations of ascorbic acid (n = 5) or α-tocopherol (n = 5) received a 4 week oral administration of either vitamin C (100 mg/day) or vitamin E (30 mg/day). They were then re-assayed to determine the SP and serum levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. SP and serum samples were properly processed and analyzed by HPLC methods suitable to determine water (ascorbic acid, glutathione (GSH) and uric acid) and fat-soluble (all-trans-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids and coenzyme Q10) antioxidants. Data demonstrate that only ascorbic acid is higher in SP than in serum (SP/serum ratio = 4.97 ± 0.88). The other water-soluble antioxidants are equally distributed in the two fluids (GSH SP/serum ratio = 1.14 ± 0.34; uric acid SP/serum ratio = 0.82 ± 0.12). All fat-soluble antioxidants are about 10 times less concentrated in SP than in serum. In donors treated with vitamin C or vitamin E, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol significantly increased in both fluids. However, the SP/serum ratio of ascorbic acid was 4.15 ± 0.45 before and 3.27 ± 0.39 after treatment, whilst those of α-tocopherol were 0.11 ± 0.03 before and 0.10 ± 0.02 after treatment. The results of this study, by showing the peculiar composition in water- and fat-soluble antioxidants SP, indicate that it is likely that still-unknown mechanisms allow ascorbic acid accumulation in SP against a concentration gradient. SP mainly relies its defenses on water- rather than fat-soluble antioxidants and on the mechanisms ensuring their transfer from serum.
Application of a Design and Construction Method Based on a Study of User Needs in the Prevention of Accidents Involving Operators of Demolition Robots
Authors: Derlukiewicz Damian
Published: April 2019

The paper presents a new method of design and construction aimed at developing a system that helps to prevent accidents involving demolition robot operators. The method is based on a study of user needs and was developed in accordance with Design Thinking methodology. This study provides a theoretical review of designing processes and methodologies, including conceptual design, and explores the implementation of the proposed method in the designing process for a Human–Machine Interface (HMI) accident prevention system. An in-depth study of user needs combined with an analysis of the operational system, both of which followed the stages in the proposed method, as well as with experimental tests on a small remote control demolition robot, inspired the development of an operator-controlled HMI system. The theoretical review concerns non-haptic feedback devices, which can be implemented in the demolition robot remote control or in operator safety equipment. Experimental research helped to determine the data necessary to develop an HMI system that continuously uses information from sensors installed on the machine. The paper also addresses issues related to the implementation of the HMI interface in order to avoid failures resulting from robot misuse and to protect the operator from any hazards caused by potential accidents. This paper emphasizes the importance of the connection between man and machine to overcome the lack of direct information flow in the case of mechanical operation.
The Influence of Chemical Component Distribution on the Radiometric Properties of Particle Aggregates
Authors: Chai Yizhan , Yang Zhen , Duan Yuanyuan
Published: April 2019

The radiometric properties, including the extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, scattering efficiency, and asymmetric parameter values of particle aggregates consisting of multiple chemical components are critical in industry and nature. This article aims to analyze the influence of chemical component distribution on these radiometric properties. The particle aggregates are generated by a diffusion-limited aggregate method by which spherical particles are stuck together randomly. The particle aggregates have two components with a major component of a fixed refractive index and a minor component of a changed refractive index. The radiometric properties are calculated using a multi-sphere T-matrix (MSTM) method for particle aggregates with different particle radii and with refractive indices, distributions of components, and volume fractions of the minor component. The results show that the chemical component distribution influences the radiometric properties of the particle aggregate. Evenly spreading the strong absorptive minor component into each particle, compared to concentrating it in a few particles, can raise the absorption efficiency, reduce the scattering efficiency, and ultimately reduce the extinction efficiency of the aggregate. For aggregates with major and minor components in different particles, a similar effect is shown when spreading the minor component particles evenly in the aggregate relative to gathering them in one part of the aggregate.
Refractive Index Sensing of Monolayer Molecules Using Both Local and Propagating Surface Plasmons in Mid-Infrared Metagrating
Authors: He De , Zhang Tieyan , Liu Lu , Guo Shixing , Liu Zhijun
Published: April 2019

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) is attractive for molecular sensing due to its high sensitivity and access to molecular fingerprint absorptions. In this paper, we report on refractive index sensing of monolayer molecules in a spectral band outside the molecular fingerprint region. In a metagrating composed of a three-layer metal-insulator-metal structure, both propagating surface plasmon resonances (PSPs) and local surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are exited from free-space in a broad band of 3 to 9 µm, and their sensing properties are characterized. In response to a self-assembled monolayer of octadecanethiol (ODT) molecules, both PSPs and LSPRs exhibit redshifts in wavelength. The shifts of LSPRs are larger than those of PSPs, as originated from their stronger spatial confinement and larger field enhancement. Our proposed mid-infrared molecular sensor is immune to frequency variations of plasmon resonance and more tolerant to sample feature size variation.
Optimal Estimation Retrieval of Aerosol Fine-Mode Fraction from Ground-Based Sky Light Measurements
Authors: Zheng Fengxun , Hou Weizhen , Sun Xiaobing , Li Zhengqiang , Hong Jin , Ma Yan , Li Li , Li Kaitao , Fan Yizhe , Qiao Yanli
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the feasibility of retrieving the aerosol fine-mode fraction (FMF) from ground-based sky light measurements is investigated. An inversion algorithm, based on the optimal estimation (OE) theory, is presented to retrieve FMF from single-viewing multi-spectral radiance measurements and to evaluate the impact of utilization of near-infrared (NIR) measurements at a wavelength of 1610 nm in aerosol remote sensing. Self-consistency tests based on synthetic data produced a mean relative retrieval error of 4.5%, which represented the good performance of the OE inversion algorithm. The proposed algorithm was also performed on real data taken from field experiments in Beijing during a haze pollution event. The correlation coefficients (R) for the retrieved aerosol volume fine-mode fraction (FMFv) and optical fine-mode fraction (FMFo) against AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) products were 0.94 and 0.95 respectively, and the mean residual error was 4.95%. Consequently, the inversion of FMFv and FMFo could be well constrained by single-viewing multi-spectral radiance measurement. In addition, by introducing measurements of 1610 nm wavelength into the retrieval, the validation results showed a significant improvement in the R value for FMFo (from 0.89–0.94). These results confirm the high value of NIR measurements for the retrieval of coarse mode aerosols.
Suitable Pattern of the Natural Environment of Human Settlements in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Song Fan , Yang Xiaohua , Wu Feifei
Published: April 2019

The human settlement environment is the object on which human survival depends. In this study, six single factor suitability models and a comprehensive index model of the human settlement natural environment were established. The six single factor models included topography, hydrology, vegetation, soil, temperature and humidity, and land surface temperature. This study took 1 km × 1 km as the pixel size and relied on the ArcGIS platform to systematically and quantitatively evaluate the human settlement environment of the lower reaches of the Yangtze river. The results show that: (1) From the evaluation results of single natural elements, the topography of the study area is relatively flat, with a small number of hydraulic erosion areas. Besides, there are significant differences between the north and the south in temperature and humidity, hydrology, vegetation, and land surface temperature. (2) In 2015, the most suitable areas of human settlement environment were mainly distributed in the plains along the Yangtze river, the plain of northern Zhejiang, and the Poyang plain. The most unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in mountainous areas, such as the mountain area of southern Zhejiang and Dabie mountain area. Topography and vegetation are the dominant factors for classification. (3) From the perspective of space, the score of the human settlement natural environment in Shanghai is above the average, and the best among the other provinces is Jiangsu province, while Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui provinces have little difference. From the perspective of time, the overall level of the suitability in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river has been improved from 2005 to 2015, mainly due to the influence of temperature and humidity index and water resource index.
Segmented Printed Circuit Board Electrode for Locally-Resolved Current Density Measurements in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Gerber Tobias , Fischer Peter , Pinkwart Karsten , Tübke Jens
Published: April 2019

One of the most important parameters for the design of redox flow batteries is a uniform distribution of the electrolyte solution over the complete electrode area. The performance of redox flow batteries is usually investigated by general measurements of the cell in systematic experimental studies such as galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. Local inhomogeneity within the electrode cannot be locally-resolved. In this study a printed circuit board (PCB) with a segmented current collector was integrated into a 40 cm2 all-vanadium redox flow battery to analyze the locally-resolved current density distribution of the graphite felt electrode. Current density distribution during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery indicated different limiting influences. The local current density in redox flow batteries mainly depends on the transport of the electrolyte solution. Due to this correlation, the electrolyte flow in the porous electrode can be visualized. A PCB electrode can easily be integrated into the flow battery and can be scaled to nearly any size of the electrode area. The carbon coating of the PCB enables direct contact to the corrosive electrolyte, whereby the sensitivity of the measurement method is increased compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Hepatoprotective Activity of InlB321/15, the HGFR Ligand of Bacterial Origin, in CCI4-Induced Acute Liver Injury Mice
Authors: Chalenko Yaroslava , Sobyanin Konstantin , Sysolyatina Elena , Midiber Konstantin , Kalinin Egor , Lavrikova Alexandra , Mikhaleva Lyudmila , Ermolaeva Svetlana
Published: April 2019

HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)/HGFR (HGF receptor) signaling pathway is a key pathway in liver protection and regeneration after acute toxic damage. Listeria monocytogenes toxin InlB contains a HGFR-interacting domain and is a functional analog of HGF. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the InlB HGFR-interacting domain. The recombinant HGFR-interacting domain InlB321/15 was purified from E. coli. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was used to measure InlB321/15 mitogenic activity in HepG2 cells. Activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways was tracked with fluorescent microscopy, Western blotting, and ELISA. To evaluate hepatoprotective activity, InlB321/15 and recombinant human HGF (rhHGF) were intravenously injected at the same concentration of 2 ng·g−1 to BALB/c mice 2 h before liver injury with CCl4. InlB321/15 caused dose-dependent activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways and correspondent mitogenic effects. Both InlB321/15 and rhHGF improved macroscopic liver parameters (liver mass was 1.51, 1.27 and 1.15 g for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05), reduced necrosis (24.0%, 16.18% and 21.66% of the total area for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05). Obtained data suggest that InlB321/15 is a promising candidate for a tissue repair agent.