bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wohnraumversorgung im deutschen Wohlfahrtsregime: Teilhabe und Ausschlüsse
Authors: Kleine Aya Isabel , Elias Laura Calbet i , Vollmer Lisa
Published: May 2022

Der Artikel untersucht Phasen der Wohnraumversorgung im Hinblick auf Teilhaberechte so⁠wie -aus⁠schlüsse und wendet dafür zum ersten Mal systematisch vier Teilhabedimensionen - materielle, politische, kulturelle und soziale Teilhabe - auf das Feld der Wohnraumversorgung an (Kronauer 2010; Vollmer u. a. 2021). Diese vier Dimensionen werden anhand der fordistischen sowie der neoliberalen Phase der Wohnraumversorgung veranschaulicht. Oft sind es soziale Bewegungen, die auf Wohnraumprobleme hinweisen und politische Antworten hervorrufen. Auf der Agenda gegenwärtiger Mietenproteste stehen Teilhabeforderungen aller vier Dimensionen. Trotz lokalstaatlichen Umsteuerns bleibt ihre Durchsetzung abhängig von der kapitalistischen und damit krisenhaften Wohnraumorganisation.
Multidimensional Noticing for Equity: Theorizing Mathematics Teachers’ Systems of Noticing to Disrupt Inequities
Authors: A. van Es Elizabeth , Hand Victoria , Agarwal Priyanka , Sandoval Carlos
Published: May 2022

Teachers’ noticing of classroom activity shapes who is invited to participate, who is valued, and whose forms of knowing are included in mathematics classrooms. We introduce a framework for multidimensional noticing for equity that captures the stretch and expanse of teachers’ attention and sense making of the local, sociocultural, and historical aspects of mathematics classrooms. We use data from two teachers’ classrooms to illuminate how their noticing of students’ sociocultural selves, of the history of mathematics and schooling, and of students’ potential futures informs enactment of culturally sustaining instructional practice. We discuss this framework in relation to calls in mathematics education to create more equitable and affirming classroom spaces for youth.
When Active Learning Is Inequitable: Women’s Participation Predicts Gender Inequities in Mathematical Performance
Authors: Reinholz Daniel , Johnson Estrella , Andrews-Larson Christine , Stone-Johnstone Amelia , Smith Jessica , Mullins Brooke , Fortune Nicholas , Keene Karen , Shah Niral
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the implementation of inquiry-oriented instruction in 20 undergraduate mathematics classrooms. In contrast to conventional wisdom that active learning is good for all students, we found gendered performance differences between women and men in the inquiry classes that were not present in a noninquiry comparison sample. Through a secondary analysis of classroom videos, we linked these performance inequities to differences in women’s participation rates across classes. Thus, we provide empirical evidence that simply implementing active learning is insufficient, and that the nature of inquiry-oriented classrooms is highly consequential for improving gender equity in mathematics.
CMVP approved security functions :
Authors: Schaffer Kim , Calis Alexander
Published: May 2022

The approved security functions listed in this publication replace the ones listed in ISO/IEC 19790 Annex C and ISO/IEC 24759 6.15, within the context of the Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP). As a validation authority, the CMVP may supersede Annex C in its entirety.
General professional initial training of police officers, first accepted for service: prerequisites and essence
Authors: Seleznev Vladimir Igorevich
Published: May 2022

The subject of the study is the general professional initial training of police officers aimed at the formation of the personality of the subject of professional activity вЂ“ a police officer as a citizen, defender of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state, a patriot of his Fatherland. The purpose of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the model of general professional initial training as the first stage of professional training (initial level of professional training of police officers), police officers first recruited, which is aimed at the formation of the personality of police officers with a basic level of general professional knowledge, skills, personal qualities and readiness to implement them in further professional activities. On the basis of the formed basic knowledge, skills, skills, professional and moral ideals, values and ethical norms, a police officer already within the framework of general professional initial training should become a person ready and capable of mastering new general professional knowledge, skills, abilities throughout his professional life. In conditions of insufficient general education and physical training of citizens accepted for training and increased requirements for the personal and professional qualities of modern police officers, it is necessary to rebuild the existing professional training, i.e. reformat the content of the educational process, forms, methods, means, technologies of training at the initial stage. The need to make changes in the professional training of police officers, who were first recruited, is caused by the increased requirements for their daily activities. At the present stage, a police officer needs to have formed basic general professional knowledge, skills, skills and personal qualities. Among them: respect for the honor and dignity of citizens, self-demanding and responsibility, determination and decency, morality and dedication, initiative and stress resistance, readiness for interaction and cooperation, physical fitness, readiness for the lawful use of force and special means, including firearms, etc.
Increase of educational motivation for fire training of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Konstantinov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Egoshin Igor Viktorovich
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to study the motivation of the personality of a cadet of an educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for fire training, to identify psychological and pedagogical factors of activation of motivational attitudes of students to educational activities and to analyze the dynamics of changes in the motivations of cadets in the process of their training. The subject of the study is the motives of teaching fire training to cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.The study revealed the problem of reducing the motivation of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to fire training, which leads to a decrease in their level of possession of service weapons. The problem can be solved by using various means and methods to form positive motives for improving high-speed shooting skills. A special contribution of the authors to the study is the analysis of the reasons for the decrease in the motivation of students for training shooting based on the results of a questionnaire survey, as well as the development of ways to motivate them to improve their shooting skills based on the application of a graduate readiness model and a system for evaluating the results of shooting that meet the real conditions of the use of weapons by police officers.The scientific novelty lies in the identification of psychological and pedagogical factors of educational motivation of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for fire training. The practical significance lies in the development of recommendations for teachers on the use of modern forms, tools and active methods aimed at increasing the motivation of students to self-improvement of high-speed shooting skills. By increasing the interest of cadets in high-speed pistol shooting, it is possible to solve the problem of increasing the overall level of fire readiness of graduates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The obtained research results can be used in the training process of fire training of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The experience of classifying the social position of the victims of political repressions in the USSR using the support vector machine
Authors: Lyagushkina Liudmila
Published: May 2022

The article describes various approaches to the classification of occupations in historical research, using the example of the database "Victims of political terror in the USSR". A brief overview of the methods by which this problem was previously solved is given: from manual assignment of certain occupations and professions of the repressed to different social groups that existed in the 1930s in the USSR, to automatic clustering. Further, a new method is proposed: to apply supervised machine learning for classification: use records already divided into groups during the author’s previous studies for training the algorithm and automatic labeling. The best of the tested methods turned out to be the support vector machine, which showed an accuracy of 95% on the test sample. The advantages and limitations of such a classification are considered, with the main limitation appears to be that some social groups are systematically defined more poorly. Nevertheless, the application of this technique made possible to mark up 350 thousand new records from the database extremely quickly. Markup based on the "training" data processed by the historian appears to be a promising direction for historical data science.
Technological approaches and applied aspects of 3D mapping of the Trans-Siberian Railway (on the example of the Tarmanchukan tunnel)
Authors: Latkin Vadim Aleksandrovich , Krupochkin Evgenii Petrovich , Vladimirov Vladimir
Published: May 2022

In connection with the implementation of the project for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage associated with the creation and reconstruction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the authors of this article propose a technology for constructing threeвЂ“dimensional cartographic images and its implementation on the example of one of the most famous sections of the Trans-Siberian Railway - the Tarmanchukan tunnel, which is one of the longest in the world. The purpose of this work is to build a 3D map of the tunnel using the Prism3D game engine. The article describes in detail the basic principles of building 3D models and 3D maps, describes the procedure for step-by-step creation of a 3D map of the Tarmanchukan tunnel with high detail and texture. The created product is, in fact, a virtual reality object, the closest possible copy of the original. To use it, there is no need to use a special helmet, it is enough to use the interface of the recommended programs. The high level of detail of the model allows you to get complete information about the object being modeled, including small details. As a result of the presented work, the most realistic map of one of the most famous tunnels in the world вЂ“ Tarmanchukansky - was obtained. At the same time, the geographical features of the relief and landscape are fully reflected on the 3D map itself, access and viewing of which will soon be possible on the website of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Genome-wide identification and response stress expression analysis of the BES1 family in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)
Authors: Guo Bingbing , Yang Hong , Dai Longjun , Zhao Xizhu , Wang Li-feng
Published: May 2022

Brassinolide (BR) plays an important role in plant growth, development, and the adaptation adversity process. Moreover, BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) genes are crucial transcription factors (TFs) in the BR signaling pathway. To realize the function of HbBES1 family is helpful to improve genetic resources for rubber tree breeding. Based on the rubber tree database, we used bioinformatics to characterize physicochemical properties, gene structure, cis-elements, and expression patterns. These results indicated that there were nine BES1 members in rubber tree, which we named HbBES1-1 to HbBES1-9 and divided into two groups (I and II) based on their genetic relationships. HbBES1 genes in the same group shared similar gene structures and motifs. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter sequences of HbBES1 genes contained many regulator elements that were related to hormone and stress, indicating that HbBES1 genes might be involved in the regulation of hormone and stress signal pathways. Our analysis of tissue specificity revealed that all of the nine HbBES1 members expressed highly in branches. Gene expression profiles under different hormone treatments showed that the HbBES1 gene family was induced to varying degrees under different hormones, HbBES1-3 and HbBES1-9 were extremely induced by ethylene (ETH). These results lay the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of the BES1 gene family, especially HbBES1-3 and HbBES1-9, regulating plant stress tolerance in rubber tree.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile ofGhGRFgene family inGossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Liu Kun , Kabir Nosheen , Wei Zhenzhen , Sun Zhuojing , Wang Jian , Qi Jing , Liu Miaoyang , Liu Ji , Zhou Kehai
Published: May 2022

Background

Cotton is the primary source of renewable natural fiber in the textile industry and an important biodiesel crop. Growth regulating factors (GRFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development.

Methods

Using genome-wide analysis, we identified 35GRFgenes inGossypium hirsutum.

Results

Chromosomal location information revealed an uneven distribution of GhGRF genes, with maximum genes on chromosomes A02, A05, and A12 from the At sub-genome and their corresponding D05 and D12 from the Dt sub-genome. In the phylogenetic tree, 35GRFgenes were divided into five groups, including G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5. The majority ofGhGRFgenes have two to three introns and three to four exons, and their deduced proteins contained conserved QLQ and WRC domains in the N-terminal end ofGRFsinArabidopsisand rice. Sequence logos revealed thatGRFgenes were highly conserved during the long-term evolutionary process. The CDS of theGhGRFgene can complement MiRNA396a. Moreover, mostGhGRFgenes transcripts developed high levels of ovules and fibers. Analyses of promoter cis-elements and expression patterns indicated that GhGRF genes play an essential role in regulating plant growth and development by coordinating the internal and external environment and multiple hormone signaling pathways. Our analysis indicated thatGhGRFsare ideal target genes with significant potential for improving the molecular structure of cotton.
The Microphenotron: a novel method for screening plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Raheem Asif , Ali Basharat
Published: May 2022

Background

The ‘Microphenotron’ is an automated screening platform that uses 96-well microtiter plates to test the response of seedlings to natural products. This system allows monitoring the phenotypic effect of a large number of small molecules. Here, this model system was used to study the effect of phytohormones produced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth of wild-type and mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods

In the present study, high-throughput screening based on ‘Microphenotron’ was used to screen PGPRs. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of Acacia Arabica, which was growing in saline habitats. The phylogeny of these rhizobacteria was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Strains were screened for plant growth-promoting traits such as auxin production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, and phosphate solubilization. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to detect the presence of different indolic compounds. Finally, PGPR were evaluated to enhance the growth of A. thaliana in the ‘Microphenotron’ system and pot trials.

Results

Selected rhizobacteria strains showed positive results for multiple plant-growth promoting traits. For instance, strain (S-6) of Bacillus endophyticus exhibited the highest ACC-deaminase activity. UPLC analysis indicated the presence of different indolic compounds in bacterial extracts that included indole lactic acid (ILA), indole carboxylic acid (ICA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Two strains (S-7 and S-11) of Psychrobacter alimentarius produced the most IAA, ICA and ILA. A screening bioassay through 96-well microtiter plates with wild-type Col. N6000 showed an increase in root growth and proliferation. The highest twofold increase was recorded in root growth with B. thuringiensis S-26 and B. thuringiensis S-50. In pot trials, mutant lines of A. thaliana impaired for auxin signaling showed that B. endophyticus S-6, Psy. alimenterius S-11, Enterobacter asburiae S-24 and B. thuringiensis S-26 used auxin signaling for plant growth promotion. Similarly, for ethylene insensitive mutant lines (ein2.5 and etr1), Prolinoborus fasciculus S-3, B. endophyticus S-6, Psy. alimenterius S-7, E. asburiae S-24, and B. thuringiensis S-26 showed the involvement of ethylene signaling. However, the growth promotion pattern for most of the strains indicated the involvement of other mechanisms in enhancing plant growth. The result of Microphenotron assays generally agreed with pot trials with mutant and wild type A. thaliana varieties. Bacterial strains that induced the highest growth response by these cultivars in the ‘Microphenotron’ promoted plant growth in pot trials. This suggests that Microphenotron can accelerate the evaluation of PGPR for agricultural applications.
Identifying The Perceptions of Teachers and Students Towards The Philosophy for Children (P4C) Concept Through Metaphors
Authors: KODAZ ÖCAL Nurten , AYBEK Birsel
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de “Çocuklar için felsefe” farkındalık eğitimi almış öğretmenler ve “Çocuklar için felsefe” çalışmalarının yapıldığı etkinliklere katılan öğrencilerin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çocuklar için felsefe farkındalık eğitimi alan 141 öğretmen ve çocuklar için felsefe etkinliklerine katılan 130 öğrenci örneklemi oluşturmaktadır.
Veri toplama aracı olarak “Bana göre Çocuklar için Felsefe çalışmaları yapmak.......gibidir, çünkü......... .” cümlesini içeren form araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturmuş ve alınan cevaplar içerik analizi yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir.
Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara incelendiğinde; öğretmenler tarafından “Çocuklar için felsefe” kavramına yönelik en fazla deniz, oyun, gökyüzü, tohum, güneş, özgür olma, su, nefes ve anahtar gibi metaforlar üretildiği görülmüştür.
Aynı zamanda öğretmenlerin geneli bu kavrama yönelik olumlu metafor üretmişlerdir. Öğrencilerin en fazla ürettikleri metaforların ise eğlence ve oyun olduğu görülmüştür. Yine çalışmada öğrencilerin “Çocuklar için Felsefe” kavramına
yönelik olumsuz metafor üretmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin ürettikleri metaforlar ortak özellikleri bakımından en fazla düşünme ve belirsiz olma temalarında yer alırken, öğrencilerin ürettikleri metaforlar ise düşünme,
değerler ve rehber olma temalarında yer almıştır. Hem öğretmen hem de öğrencilerin temaları incelendiğinde çocuklar için felsefeyi düşünme eylemi ile iç içe gördükleri belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç bize felsefe yapmanın soru sorma ve
düşünme eylemi içermesi nedeniyle doğru biçimde anlaşıldığını göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin değerler teması altında birleşmesinin ise, çocuklar için felsefi çalışmalar yapılırken sürecin öğrencinin seviyesine uygun bir hikaye, bir
durum veya bir video üzerinden ilerleyerek işlenmesinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.
Thinking Types and Root Values in the Texts and Pre-Post Text Questions of Turkish Textbooks
Authors: CANBULAT Mehmet , ASMA Burak , KOPARAN Betül
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metin türleri, metinlerdeki ve metin önü-sonu sorulardaki düşünme türleri ve metinlerde öne çıkan kök değerleri ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi
deseni kullanılarak hazırlanan bu araştırmanın veri kaynağını Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı yayınları tarafından hazırlanan ortaokul Türkçe (5-8.sınıf) ders kitapları oluşturmaktadır. İlgili ders kitaplarındaki 131 metnin betimsel analizi
tekniği kullanılarak iki uzman tarafından çözümlenmesi sonucunda, ders kitaplarında anlatmaya bağlı metin örneklerinin çoğunlukta olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretici metin türünde en çok karşılaşılan tür ise kişisel hayatı konu alan metinler
olmuştur. Metinler öğretici ve sanat metni olarak değerlendirildiğinde, ders kitaplarında her iki türde de birbirine yakın sayıda metin örneğine yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde ağırlıklı olarak doğrusal
düşünmenin yer aldığı görülmüştür. Diğer düşünme türlerine yönelik sınırlı sayıda metnin bulunurken yaratıcı düşünme becerisine yönelik herhangi bir metne rastlanmamıştır. Metinlerle ilgili sorularda düşünme türlerinin yer alma
durumuna bakıldığında, metinlerde ele alınan düşünme türlerinden farklı olan düşünme türlerine yer verildiği saptanmıştır. Metin önü-sonu sorularda yansıtıcı düşünmeye yönelik soru sayısı ilk sırada yer almış, bu soruları eleştirel
ve yaratıcı düşünmeye yönlendiren sorular izlemiştir. Bu sorularda hipotetik ve ıraksak düşünmeye yönelik herhangi bir soru bulunamamıştır. Metinlerdeki kök değerlere ait bulgular incelendiğinde ise metinlerde yoğun olarak sevgi
ve vatanseverlik değerlerinin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir.
Vocabulary Determination Study for PreSchool Foreign Children
Authors: ESMİOĞLU Ece , İŞERİ Kamil
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, anadili Türkçe olan 4-6 yaş aralığındaki çocukların sınıf ortamındaki doğal konuşmalarında kullandıkları sözcük türlerini belirleyip listelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu listelerin oluşturulmasındaki amaç ise öğreticilere başvurabileceği
bir kaynak oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışma, yabancı çocuklara Türkçe öğretiminde hangi sözcüklerin öncelikli olarak öğretilmesi gerektiği ve öğreticilere materyal hazırlamada yardımcı olması açısından önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışma, durum
çalışması modeliyle yapılandırılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, 4-6 yaş aralığındaki anadili Türkçe olan, anaokuluna kayıtlı ve Veli Onam Formu onaylanlanmış 45 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma öncesi, 2019-2020 eğitim döneminde araştırma
yapabilmek için başvuruda bulunulmuş ve İzmir Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü etik kurulu 05/11/2019 tarihli 10 sayılı etik kurul kararında, araştırmanın etik açıdan uygun olduğu beyan ederek araştırmanın yapılmasına
izin vermiştir. Veriler, katılımcı olmayan gözlem tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Bu süreçte anadili Türkçe olan 4-6 yaş aralığındaki çocukların doğal konuşmaları sınıf ortamında ses kaydıyla ve gözlem formlarıyla toplanmıştır. Ses
kayıtlarının süresi her yaş grubu için ayrı ayrı olarak 120 dakikadan, toplamdaysa 360 dakikadan oluşmuştur. Veri analizi sürecinde ise ses kayıtları öncelikle çevriyazıya dönüştürülmüş ve bu çevriyazıdan sözcük türleri ile kullanım
sayıları belirlenmiştir. Bu listeler Excel programına yaş değişkeni ele alınarak aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen listelerin öğreticiler için yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların materyal hazırlığında veri
kaynağı olacağı ve çocukların sözvarlığına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Musculoskeletal anatomy core syllabus for Australian chiropractic programs: A pilot study
Authors: BSc Rosemary Giuriato , Štrkalj Goran , Prvan Tania , Pather Nalini
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to conduct a pilot survey to determine core anatomy content for chiropractic curriculum based on the perception of chiropractors and anatomy educators involved in teaching in an Australian chiropractic program.

Methods

A survey of anatomical structures previously used in a medical survey, with similar criteria for synthesizing responses, was used and classified according to whether the respondents rated an item as essential, important, acceptable, or not required in a chiropractic program. The item was scored as core if ≥60% of respondents rated it essential, recommended if 30%–59% rated it essential, not recommended if 20%–29% rated it essential, or not core if <20% rated it essential.

Results

The respondents rated 81.6% of all musculoskeletal concepts as core and 18.4% as recommended, 88.8% of the vertebral column items as core, and 11.2% of the items as recommended, 69.4% upper limb and pectoral girdle items as core, 23.7% of items as recommended, 5.5% as not recommended and 1.3% as not core items for inclusion, 85.3% of all lower limb and pelvic girdle items as core, 14.4% as recommended and 0.3% not recommended.

Conclusion

Chiropractors and anatomists involved in teaching in an Australian chiropractic program rated most musculoskeletal items as essential for inclusion in a chiropractic teaching program to ensure adequate preparation for safe practice and to promote alignment with the standards of anatomy education delivered into the clinical professions.
Biochemical and Genetic Markers in Neurological Trauma and Tumors: Review Article
Authors: Ashraf Omyma , Saleem Tahia H. , Elsadek Bakheet E. M. , Hamdan Ali R. , Hassan Mohammed H.
Published: May 2022

CNS traumas and tumors are major health problems. They lead to serious health and economic burdens. They are major causes of disability, or death all over the world. Nowadays, the order of causes of trauma-related death has beenchanged from multiorgan affection to CNS trauma. Assessment of severity and predicting the outcome in a patient with a head, or spinal cord injury, is a must. Most of severity assessment scales depend on the clinical data of the patient. Using of biochemical, and genetic markers that have correlations with severity and outcome in CNS trauma is necessary ofand helpful in clinical field. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 is an enzyme that is present in the cytoplasm of neurons, and forms about to 1–2% from the proteins found within the human brain, and it is supposed to be a promising biomarker in neurological diseases especially trauma. Neuroglobin (Ngb), is a protein which is distributed mainly in central and peripheral nervous systems, and it has neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. It is an important biomarker in neurological trauma and tumors.CNS tumors have psychological burden beside their health and economic effects as they may affect personality and both physical and cognitive independence. Various types of mutations have a role in pathogenesis of CNS tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme isoform 1 (IDH1) mutations are frequently identified in primary CNS tumors. Aim of this review: is to give an overview about neurological trauma and tumors as being major health problems, and to spot light on biochemical and genetic markers of promising role as regard pathogenesis, diagnosis, or prognosis of such disorders, with more details about UCHL-1, Ngb, and IDH1.
The Effect of Working Capital Management Cycle on Profitability of Retail Supermarkets in Mombasa, Kenya: A Case Study of Binathman Household Supermarket in Mombasa City
Authors: Ngari Alice Ruguru , Kamau Charles Guandaru
Published: May 2022

Working capital management involves running of short-term assets and liabilities due to its direct effect on profitability of a business. The aim of this research was to scrutinize the effect of working capital management cycle on the profitability of retail supermarkets in Mombasa, Kenya. This research was guided by Operating Cycle Theory, Trade-off theory and Transaction cost economic theory. This study applied descriptive survey design. Target populace of this research was seventy-five workers of the supermarket. Secondary data was gathered from monetary reports of the supermarket for 9 years from year 2011 to 2019. Data was presented using tables. To test how working capital management (WCM) and the profitability of Binathman Household Supermarket are related, a linear multiple regression test was conducted and analysis was carried via coefficient of multiple regression. The descriptive outcomes indicate a modest level of receivables collection period, cash conversion cycle, payables deferral period and inventory conversion period. The study found a positive correlation amid working capital management cycle variables in addition to profitability of the supermarket. However, the research indicated an inverse relationship between average payables period and return on assets; showing that longer payables periods had possibility of reducing a firm’s earning if the cost of financing purchases was higher than the benefits. This research concludes that supermarket determine the cost of sales for their sales which was indicated by the mean of 3.81 and a Standard Deviation of 1.482. When supermarkets improve on their average collection days, their financial performance will be improved. The researcher recommends that it is imperative for companies to make an initial cost-benefit investigation of the numerous working capital management decisions prior to committing the companies’ resources to a particular decision. It is also important for supermarkets in Kenya to integrate a proper risk management framework in their execution of the numerous working capital management policies.  This research demonstrated that operative working capital management practices play a critical role in refining the general profit margins in lieu of supermarkets.
Rail Transit Stations Classification Based on Spectral Clustering
Authors: Shi Qi , Sun Shaowei , Jie Jingjing
Published: May 2022

To identify the function and positioning of urban rail stations, and provide further guidance for design and construction, a classification method based on spectral clustering algorithm is established. Firstly, based on the principles of comprehensiveness and robustness, 5 initial indicators were selected, including total entry count, total exit count, entrances count, bus connecting lines count, and metro connecting lines count. Secondly, we normalize the original data by Z-score method and extract two main clustering factors through principal component analysis. Finally, we propose a station classification model based on spectral clustering algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in Hangzhou Metro System. The K-means cluster algorithm and spectral cluster methods are employed. The results show that the proposed model can successfully identify the types of urban rail transit stations, clarify the function and orientation of each station.
On the Natural Causes of Global Warming
Authors: Kovalyov Mikhail
Published: May 2022

Aims/ Objectives: To illustrate natural origins of global warming.

Methodology: It is demonstrated that temperature anomalies in 1900 – 2009 are inextricably linked to the speed of the magnetic North Pole, used as a proxy for the Earth’s magnetic field; and UFO sightings, used as a proxy for energy transfer from the near-terrestrial space to the Earth’s atmosphere. Also explained is why 2010 – 2016 was a very unusual period and how it affected global temperature and the environment.

Conclusion: Current global warming is an entirely natural process driven by forces of Nature.
Agro-economical Evaluation for Intercropping Sugar Beet and Barley under Combinations of Barley Cutting and Nitrogen Level Treatments
Authors: Sheha A. M. , Mansour Mohamed , Ebrahim Sahar A. , El-Gamal Ibrahim S. H. , Ghareeb Zeinab E.
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the agro-economic effect of intercropping sugar beet and barley under combinations of barley cutting and Nitrogen levels. Field trials conducted using a split plot design with three replications at the Farm of Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Sugar beet planted on both sides of the bed and barley plant on the top of all beds at the rate of 25%of the sole culture. Sugar beet with companion barley under three cut treatments (no cut, cut before heading (C1) and cut after heading (C2)) and three nitrogen fertilization levels (80, 100 and 120kgN/feddan (feddan=4200m2)) were studied, as well as to study competitive relationships land equivalent ratio (LER). Results from this study revealed that cut and nitrogen treatments had significant (0.05%) effects on most traits of sugar beet and barley in both seasons. Significant cuts*N interaction effects were found for sugar beet and barley traits in both seasons. LER. were greater than unit (1.15 and 1.16) by intercropping sugar beet with barley under N fertilizer rate 120kg N/feddan with both no cut and C1. The effect of cuts and nitrogen interaction on LER across the two seasons increase the land usage. The highest yield advantage for RCC (89.49 and 73.54) was recorded with C1 at 120Kg N/feddan in both seasons respectively, indicating the effect of barley cuts and N fertilizer rates on yield and aggressivity (AG) values of sugar beet and barely. The highest values Total income (L.E.), Net return and economic return (L.E.) obtained from sugar beet under 120kgN rate * no cut or C1 treatments in both seasons. Agro-economically biplot graph recommended that intercropping barley with sugar beet under 120kg N rate * no cut or C1 drive the maximum values of productivity of sugar beet and competitive relationships and yield of both crops.
Effect of Phosphorus Management and Drought Mitigating Strategies on Yield and Economics of Rainfed Chickpea
Authors: Pavan Kutala Sai , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted to find out the Phosphorous and drought mitigating strategies on yield and economics of Chickpea (var. RVG-202) with the different levels of Phosphorus (40, 50, 60 P2O5 kg/ha) and with the application of Drought mitigating strategies applied at pre-flowering and pod formation stage) respectively, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92.00 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with ten treatments and replicated thrice. Results obtained that there was a significant increase in yield attributes viz., Seed yield (2332.00 kg/ha), Straw yield (4571.33 kg/ha) and Harvest index (33.51%) were recorded with the application of P2O5 60kg/ha + 25kg ZnSO4/ha + 1%KCl +0.5%sodium selenite spray. However, Maximum Gross return (124481.70 INR/ha), net return (89064.67 INR/ha) and B: C ratio (2.51) was recorded with the application of P2O5 60 kg /ha+ 25 kg ZnSO4/ ha + 1 % KCl + 0.5 % sodium selenite spray. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of P2O5 60 kg /ha+ 25 kg ZnSO4/ ha + 1 % KCl + 0.5 % sodium selenite spray was more productive and economically feasible.
Medicinal and Health-promoting Properties of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) and Its Extracts
Authors: Hussain Raza , Perveen Rashida , Murtaza Ayesha , Huali Xue , Manzoor Muhammad Sajid , Younas Shoaib , Fatima Itrat , Babur Muhammad Naveed
Published: May 2022

Numerous documented researches have been conducted to evaluate the potential of using different plants and herbs as traditional medicines. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is an agricultural commodity belonging to the plant kingdom and family Cucurbitaceae. Besides having a higher content of calcium and iron, this plant also possesses considerable numbers of vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, and C. These are great sources of some biologically active compounds such as momordicin I, II, and cucurbitacin B. The salutary perceptions have been also emphasized as they are useful in protecting from cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis thereby, regulating the blood cholesterol level in the body. Bitter gourd entire fruit, seeds, and leaves help lower the fat accumulation and also control the impaired antioxidant status. Though this plant could facilitate the balance effect of anti-HIV drugs, the contents of ration amino sugar variate by declined and inclined, observed in lungs, heart, liver, and spleen during diabetes.
Pro‐oxidant effects of 7‐hydroperoxycholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol on the copper‐initiated oxidation of low density lipoprotein
Authors: Blache D. , Rodriguez C. , Davignon J.
Published: July 2002

In low density lipoproteins (LDL) supplemented with aged cholesterol and oxidized in the presence of Cu2+, an increase of the lipid oxidation parameters was observed compared with pure cholesterol‐enriched LDL. A compound, identified as 7‐hydroperoxycholesterol (7HPC), isolated from aged cholesterol and added to LDL, reproduced the above effects. The results indicate that the pro‐oxidant effect of 7HPC is dependent on the hydroperoxy group since the corresponding alcohol derivative, 7α‐hydroxycholesterol, had no such effect. These data suggest that among the LDL‐associated lipid peroxides, cholesterol peroxides may have important implications in the susceptibility of this lipoprotein to oxidation.
Effective teaching and use of the constant growth dividend discount model
Authors: Payne Thomas H. , Finch J. Howard
Published: July 2002

The appropriate application of the constant growth dividend discount model (DDM) requires an understanding of the fundamental nature of the model and its parameters. It is important that students not only be able to mechanically “plug and chug” the formula, but that they also understand the model’s assumptions, inputs, sensitivity to error and practical limitations. This paper demonstrates that the valuation measure derived from using the DDM is very sensitive to the relationship between the required return on investment (K ) and the assumed growth rate (g) in

s

earnings and dividends. Examples show that the valuation error increases at an increasing rate

when the values of K and g converge in the formula. Classroom experience has indicated that students believe and strive to compute a single “correct” valuation of the share price. They should realize that the goal of valuation analysis is to estimate a reasonable range for the intrinsic value of a share price, rather than a single point estimate as often implied by end-of-chapter and exam-type problems using the DDM. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Unfolding and Conformational Distributions during Protein Precipitation
Authors: Chang Stephen T. , Tobler Scott A. , Fernandez Erik J.
Published: July 2002

The association of misfolded proteins, or aggregation, is a critical problem in a number of human diseases as well during the expression, refolding, formulation, and delivery of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we investigate lysozyme precipitation with hydrogen exhange using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). We show that MS can reveal the presence of conformational distributions, albeit without the detailed structural information afforded by NMR. Further, we find that increases in precipitant concentration alter the structure and composition of precipitates. The selective unfolding of one portion of the protein in these precipitates is correlated with hydrogen exchange patterns observed under nonprecipitating conditions and in other studies of lysozyme.
A Quantitative Immunoassay Utilizing Escherichiacoli Cells Possessing Surface‐Expressed Single Chain Fv Molecules
Authors: Chen Gang , Cloud Jeffrey , Georgiou George , Iverson Brent L.
Published: July 2002

A facile, quantitative immunoassay is described that utilizes Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria expressing single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments attached to the cell surface. A Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the antibodies on the surface of the cells retained full binding activity (Kd = 2.2 × 10−9 M) and that there are 60 000 scFv molecules per cell. The cells are used as the antibody reagent in the assay, and, following incubation with analyte, simple centrifugation is used to separate the antibody‐bound from unbound analyte. The immunoassay is rapid and accurate down to the nanomolar level. In addition, a variety of detection strategies can be used, and the immunoassay is not adversely affected by the presence of animal serum. A key advantage of the new immunoassay is that the antibody reagent can be inexpensively produced in a “ready to use” form by simply growing cultures of the bacteria.
Alteration in the cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic machinery leads to decreased cell growth and triacylglycerol synthesis in oleaginous yeast
Authors: GANGAR Akanksha , RAYCHAUDHURI Sumana , RAJASEKHARAN Ram
Published: July 2002

Altered nutrient content (levels of glucose) caused a drastic reduction in cell growth and triacylglycerol (TAG) production in the wild-type (WT) Rhodotorula glutinis. This was due to the decreased level of synthesis of TAG biosynthetic enzymes, reflected by a reduction in enzyme activity. A similar observation was made in the case of non-lethal mutants of TAG-deficient oleaginous yeast, namely TAG1 and TAG2, which were generated by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. Metabolic labelling of TAG-deficient cells with [14C]acetate, [32P]orthophosphate and [14C]mevalonate showed a negligible TAG formation with minimal alterations in phospholipid and sterol compositions. Assays on the activities of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes revealed that lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (ATs) were defective in TAG1 and TAG2 respectively. The activity of membrane-bound isoforms of TAG biosynthetic enzymes remains unaltered in the mutants. Analysis of cytosolic TAG biosynthetic enzymes by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation indicated that the defective ATs were a part of the TAG biosynthetic multienzyme complex. Quantitatively, the cytosolic lysophosphatidic acid-AT was comparable between TAG1 and the WT. However, diacylglycerol-AT was relatively less in TAG2 than the WT. These results demonstrated that either by decreasing the nutrient content or mutating the enzymes of the soluble TAG biosynthetic pathway, TAG production was decreased with concomitant reduction in the cell growth.
Cytotoxic potency of cardiotoxin from Naja sputatrix: development of a new cytolytic assay
Authors: MA Donghui , ARMUGAM Arunmozhiarasi , JEYASEELAN Kandiah
Published: July 2002

The possible involvement of specific regions/loops of cardiotoxin from Naja sputatrix venom in mediating its cytolytic activity is evaluated using a new cytolytic assay. In this assay, the amount of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) that is released upon lysis of the cellular membranes by the cytotoxin has been measured as an index of cytolysis. This newly developed CAT system is more sensitive than the traditional haemolysis method utilizing red blood cells or the lactate dehydrogenase assay for cytolysis. Series of chimaeric toxin molecules have been constructed by swapping the loops between highly hydrophilic neurotoxin and highly hydrophobic cardiotoxin molecules from Naja sputatrix, which are known to exhibit structural similarity (three-finger conformation) but to have different functional properties. Comparison of the cytolytic activities of the recombinant chimaeric toxins demonstrated the possible involvement of all three loops of cardiotoxin in its cytolytic potency. However, the first two loops of the protein appear to make the major contribution to its lytic activity. cDNAs encoding cardiotoxin and the chimaeric toxins, when expressed in transfected cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, resulted in cell lysis, indicating that these cDNAs can be developed as useful cytolytic agents.
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) polymorphism is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kamiuchi K. , Hasegawa G. , Obayashi H. , Kitamura A. , Ishii M. , Yano M. , Kanatsuna T. , Yoshikawa T. , Nakamura N.
Published: July 2002

Aims Leucocyte adhesion to the diabetic retinal vasculature has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We evaluated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in leucocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules and diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods We determined ICAM‐1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1), and leucocyte endothelial adhesion molecule‐1 (LECAM‐1) genotypes in 81 patients with and 50 without diabetic retinopathy.

Results The frequency of ICAM‐1 469KK genotype and K allele were significantly higher in the patients with diabetic retinopathy than in those without retinopathy (genotype 42% vs. 20%, χ2= 6.70, P = 0.035; allele 66% vs. 50%, χ2= 6.49, P = 0.011). With regard to the PECAM‐1 V125L and LECAM‐1 P213S polymorphisms, there were no significant associations between the distribution of genotypes or allele frequencies and the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Independent of other risk factors, the ICAM‐1 469KK genotype was associated with a 3.51‐fold increased risk for retinopathy.

Conclusions These data suggest that the ICAM‐1 469KK genotype could be a genetic risk factor for retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabet. Med. 19, 371–376 (2002)
Photoreflectance of GaAs and Ga0.82Al0.18As at elevated temperatures up to 600 °C
Authors: Shen H. , Pan S. H. , Hang Z. , Leng Jing , Pollak Fred H. , Woodall J. M. , Sacks R. N.
Published: July 2002

We report a modulation spectroscopy experiment on GaAs and Ga0.82Al0.18As at elevated temperatures. Using the contactless electromodulation method of photoreflectance, the direct gaps (E0) of these materials have been observed from 77 K to 600 °C. The latter temperature is comparable to molecular beam expitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, growth temperatures, etc. Our results are at the highest temperature yet reported for E0 (GaAs) in a reflectance experiment and the first observation of E0 (Ga1−xAlxAs) at elevated temperatures. From the latter, the Varshni coefficients [Physica 34, 149 (1967)] for Ga0.82Al0.18As were determined.
High-resolution focused ion beam lithography
Authors: Matsui Shinji , Kojima Yoshikatsu , Ochiai Yukinori
Published: July 2002

The resolution of focused ion beam (FIB) lithography has been studied by proximity effect measurement and fine pattern fabrication. In the proximity effect measurement, a 0.1 μm line pattern, according to the gap between square and line patterns, could be achieved. Moreover, 0.1 μm line and space poly(methylmethacrylate) patterns and 0.1 μm linewidth novolak based negative resist could be fabricated at 1×1013 and 2×1012 ions/cm2 dose by 260 keV Be++ FIB with 0.1 μm beam diameter, respectively.
Elastic constants of metal-insulator superlattices
Authors: Bhadra R. , Grimsditch M. , Murduck J. , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: July 2002

A Brillouin scattering study of elastic properties of NbN/AlN superlattices is presented. Because the coupling of light to surface waves in this system is very weak, we describe a modification of the technique which enhances the scattering efficiency, thereby allowing measurements of a system which is otherwise inaccessible. This particular multilayer superlattice is one of the very few that does not exhibit any elastic anomalies as a function of layer thickness in accordance with the idea that electron transfer may be the mechanism responsible for elastic anomalies in superlattices.
Time direction determination of asymmetric ultrashort optical pulses from second-harmonic generation autocorrelation signals
Authors: Naganuma Kazunori , Mogi Kazuo , Yamada Hajime
Published: July 2002

A general procedure for determining pulse asymmetry including time direction is described. Fundamental and second-harmonic interferometric autocorrelations are measured before and after passing through a glass block. Pulse form is reconstructed iteratively for each pulse, yet time direction is ambiguous. Time direction for both pulses is then simultaneously determined by phase curvature comparison in the frequency domain, taking the known dispersion of the glass block into account. This results in complete evaluation of ultrashort optical pulses. This method is demonstrated successfully for passively mode-locked dye laser pulses.