bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourism-Led Growth and Risk of the Dutch Disease: Dutch Disease in Turkey
Authors: OJAGHLOU Mortaza
Published: June 2019

The Dutch disease phenomenon refers to the adverse effects of the supply of natural resources and production in the tradable sectors specifically the manufacturing sector. Corden and Neary (1982) and Corden (1984) developed the core model of the Dutch disease that it explains a large amount of foreign money to inside the country will appreciate real exchange rate and cause both the spending and reallocation of resources between non-tradable and tradable sectors that it will lead the country to de-industrialisation

The Dutch disease is generally related to the export of natural resources; however, it can be caused by any factors that increase the flow of foreign currency into a country. According to Copelend (1991), the tourism sector is one of the most important sectors that can be the cause of the Dutch disease. Holzner (2010) called the effect of the Dutch disease on tourism-dependent countries the “Beach Disease”.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the growing tourism sector in Turkey has caused resource movement and a spending effect that have led the Turkish economy to experience the Dutch disease. The Turkish economy is one of the emerging markets that in the past few decades has experienced noticeable growth in the tourism sector, to the extent that, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC, 2017), travel and tourism’s contribution to GDP in Turkey was 12.5% in 2016. By using several methods, such as non-linear and linear ARDL bounds tests and structural VAR, this study aims to investigate whether the Turkish economy experienced Beach Disease over the period from 1976 to 2017. Empirical evidence demonstrates that due to the growth of the tourism sector, the Turkish economy is suffering from symptoms of Beach Disease, such as de-industrialisation and resource allocation to non-tradable sectors. The results show that the Turkish economy has suffered from the Dutch disease due to a growing tourism sector, which has led to de-industrialisation and unstable long-term growth.
Kapitalmarktreaktionen auf Rückschläge in der Produktentwicklung – Evidenz für pharmazeutische Unternehmen
Authors: Kees Niklas , Panzer Jochen , Schiereck Dirk
Published: June 2019

Neuproduktentwicklungen sind für ein forschendes Unternehmen regelmäßig mit erheblichen Risiken verbunden, die im Falle des Scheiterns auch Konsequenzen für die Kapitalmarktbewertung der Eigenkapitaltitel haben können. Im Vergleich zu anderen Branchen verläuft der Prozess der Neuproduktentwicklung in der pharmazeutischen Industrie sehr transparent, insbesondere auch mit Blick auf Rückschläge. Dadurch bietet sich hier die Gelegenheit, die Auswirkungen solcher Rückschläge, die in der Regel das (vorläufige) Ende eines kostspieligen Investitionsprozesses bilden, auf die Veränderung der Aktienkurswerte zu untersuchen. Je negativer eine Kapitalmarktreaktion ausfällt, umso stärkere Verluste erleiden die Eigenkapitalgeber. Ein enges Produktportfolio stellt hier ein besonderes Risiko dar, so dass sich solche Misserfolgsereignisse bei großen Pharmaunternehmen in der Kapitalmarktbewertung wesentlich schwächer auswirken als bei kleineren. Zur Untersuchung der Kapitalmarktbewertung von veröffentlichten Rückschlägen wird eine Ereignisstudie und ein händisch zusammengestellter, neuer, sehr großer Datensatz mit 224 Rückschlagsankündigungen aus den Jahren 2010 bis 2017 genutzt. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich im Zeitraum der Ankündigungen extrem negative Aktienkursreaktionen von durchschnittlich -23,7 %, wobei die Verluste sich nach Größe des Unternehmens unterscheiden. Zwar weisen sowohl kleine als auch große Unternehmen signifikant negative Werteffekte auf, aber der Effekt ist bei kleinen Unternehmen viel stärker. Potenzielle Erklärungsfaktoren für die Höhe und die Richtung des Werteffektes sind neben der Größe, gemessen als Marktkapitalisierung, u.a. der Return on Equity und die Frage der Entwicklung in Kooperation. Demnach lässt sich die Höhe des Werteffektes sowohl durch Unternehmenskennzahlen als auch durch den Inhalt der Veröffentlichung, bzw. den Status der Medikamentenentwicklung, erklären.
Cell lineage trees: the central structure plus key dynamics of biological aging and formulating the limiting problem of robust organismal rejuvenation
Authors: Csordas Attila
Published: June 2019

The argument makes the case for cell lineage trees and cell tree dynamics to be considered as the central structure and process of understanding organismal level, multicellular biological aging. The upper limit challenge of counteracting biological aging is robust organismal rejuvenation. The limiting theoretical problem of robust biological rejuvenation is to find an algorithm to restore the balance and maintain the healthy dynamics of the aging organismal cell lineage tree. The most robust medical solution of biological aging needs to use individual cell lineage trees as a central tool for diagnosis and treatment.
Rhodoquinone biosynthesis in C. elegans requires precursors generated by the kynurenine pathway
Authors: Del Borrello Samantha , Lautens Margot , Dolan Kathleen , Tan June H , Davie Taylor , Schertzberg Michael R , Spensley Mark A , Caudy Amy A , Fraser Andrew G
Published: June 2019

Parasitic helminths infect over a billion humans. To survive in the low oxygen environment of their hosts, these parasites use unusual anaerobic metabolism — this requires rhodoquinone (RQ), an electron carrier that is made by very few animal species. Crucially RQ is not made or used by any parasitic hosts and RQ synthesis is thus an ideal target for anthelmintics. However, little is known about how RQ is made and no drugs are known to block RQ synthesis. C. elegans makes RQ and can use RQ-dependent metabolic pathways — here, we use C. elegans genetics to show that tryptophan degradation via the kynurenine pathway is required to generate the key amine-containing precursors for RQ synthesis. We show that C. elegans requires RQ for survival in hypoxic conditions and, finally, we establish a high throughput assay for drugs that block RQ-dependent metabolism. This may drive the development of a new class of anthelmintic drugs. This study is a key first step in understanding how RQ is made in parasitic helminths.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Arnautovic Jelena Z. , Tereziu Stela
Published: June 2019

Context

Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a medical condition in which excessive and unaccustomed physical activity results in skeletal muscle damage in otherwise healthy individuals.

Objective

To assess the overall outcomes of patients who presented to the emergency department with ER.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted across 4 hospitals. The study included nonpregnant adults with no history of renal function impairment or myopathy disorder who had a diagnosis of ER in the emergency department setting. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, length of stay, complications, mechanism(s) of injury involved, impact of nutritional supplements, spectrum of creatine kinase (CK) responses, prevalence of hospital readmissions, and overall mortality.

Results

Of the 800 rhabdomyolysis cases identified during the 24-month study period, 41 were included in the study. The mean age was 29 years, and the patients were predominantly male (33 [80.5%]) and white (25 [61%]). The median length of stay was 2 days, and it correlated significantly with initial and peak CK levels (R=0.45,P=.004, andR=0.52,P<.001, respectively). Median initial and peak CK were noted to be 16,888 (range, 342-194,403) U/L and 18,534 (range, 342-287,565) U/L, respectively. Median discharge CK was 5287 (range, 10-61,617) U/L. The most commonly cited mechanism of injury was weight lifting (16 [39%]). In terms of overall outcomes, transient kidney injury was noted in 3 cases (7.4%), and no mortality was recorded during the admission or at 12 months of follow-up. Compartment syndrome or severe electrolyte abnormalities were not observed. There were only 2 uncomplicated readmissions (4.8%) due to high-intensity interval training.

Conclusion

Hospitalized patients with ER without a history of renal impairment tend to have relatively low risks of complications and readmission.
Conceptual Framework to Evaluate Health Care Professionals’ Satisfaction in Utilizing Telemedicine
Authors: Law Timothy , Cronin Cory , Schuller Kristin , Jing Xia , Bolon Douglas , Phillips Brian
Published: June 2019

Context

Several advantages of telemedicine have been reported, such as improved patient satisfaction, reduced costs, and broader access to specialists. However, most studies have focused on patient satisfaction with telemedicine services. A literature gap exists in evaluating health care professionals’ (both referring and performing professionals) satisfaction in delivering telemedicine services. A clear picture of professionals' telemedicine satisfaction has the potential to improve care quality, care accessibility, and telemedicine adoption and to reduce overall health care costs.

Objectives

To develop a framework to evaluate health care professionals’ satisfaction in delivering telemedicine services and to articulate the factors that can contribute to their satisfaction.

Methods

We developed an initial conceptual framework based on existing literature and the research team's expertise. The initial framework was validated by a convenience group of 12 osteopathic and allopathic physicians, and the framework was further revised and refined according to their input.

Results

The refined framework includes 5 main components (professionals’ demographics, care settings, motivations, experiences, and overall satisfaction) that can contribute to health care professionals' satisfaction or dissatisfaction in delivering telemedicine services. Detailed itemization is provided under each component, including hierarchical organizations of the items, definitions, and potential value sets.

Conclusions

The refined conceptual framework may provide a comprehensive evaluation reference for measuring professionals’ satisfaction in delivering telemedicine. Further customization according to the specific setting of telemedicine services is needed. This refined conceptual framework can also be used to identify areas that can be improved and to ultimately improve telemedicine services and care quality.
Understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Emerging Osteopathic Approach: A Narrative Review
Authors: Larrimore Christopher , Ramnot Amanda , Jaghab Annmarie , Sarduy Sofia , Guerrero George , Troccoli Peter , Hilton Kelly , Bested Alison
Published: June 2019

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating syndrome of unknown origin, characterized by profound postexertional malaise and fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive impairments, immune dysfunction, pain, autonomic dysfunction, and neuroendocrine symptoms. Although ME/CFS is well documented within the medical literature, it remains difficult to diagnosis and manage. Some of the current challenges include an absence of diagnostic markers, differing diagnostic criteria, and an overall lack of awareness within the medical community. As a result, patients are often frustrated by the difficulties in acquiring a diagnosis and from the overall lack of available treatments. In an effort to increase awareness, this review discusses disease pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options, while also highlighting the benefits of an osteopathic approach.
Suction Decompression of the Carpal Tunnel
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M.
Published: June 2019

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common nerve compression syndrome that includes symptoms of numbness and tingling in the median nerve distribution. Medical cupping therapy has been used for managing a variety of medical conditions, but, to the author's knowledge, the cupping device has not been directly applied over the carpal tunnel as a form of treatment. This case report involves a 27-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of CTS in the right hand and palpatory restriction over the right carpal canal. Electrodiagnostic testing confirmed mild CTS, and neuromuscular ultrasonography revealed a mildly enlarged median nerve at the wrist, which was also consistent with CTS. The patient was taught to use a cupping device that would allow her to apply suction over the ventral wrist daily. The patient noted improvement over several weeks and was asymptomatic at her 3-month follow-up visit. Repeated testing revealed that initial abnormalities in the wrist had resolved. Suction decompression of the carpal tunnel may be a viable alternative treatment for patients with mild CTS.
Uma breve análise do potencial da formação continuada como instrumento para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades requeridas pelo mercado de trabalho
Authors: Aguilar Lacy de , De Souza Rosalia Beber
Published: June 2019

Este artigo discute a importância da formação continuada para o desenvolvimento pleno das competências e habilidades de profissionais de Secretariado Executivo, requeridas pelo mercado de trabalho. Ao longo do texto é feita uma breve exposição teórica que abarca a atuação desse profissional no mercado de trabalho através dos tempos, destaca seu perfil, ideal e real, suas necessidades e motivações, além de dialogar com aspectos da valorização dada ao capital intelectual pelas empresas, atualmente. Procurou-se adotar uma metodologia de pesquisa que considerasse a complexidade, a variabilidade e a multiplicidade dos objetos, objetivos e problemas próprios das Ciências Humanas e do contexto sócio-organizacional. Para isto, foram utilizados questionários semiestruturados na análise dos dados, com os quais se buscou compreender a percepção e a importância dada por esses profissionais ao tema investigado Por fim, são apresentadas as discussões a partir das respostas obtidas junto ao universo abordado.
Indicadores de desempenho e engajamento profissional em organizações inovadoras
Authors: Santos Marília Maria de Oliveira , Quel Luiz Felipe , Vieira Almir Martins , Rosini Alessandro Marco
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a inclusão do índice de engajamento profissional dentre os indicadores do Balanced Scorecard [BSC], particularmente na perspectiva Aprendizagem e Crescimento. A abordagem metodológica tem natureza exploratória e caráter quantitativo, sendo a pesquisa realizada com a participação de 185 gestores de organizações que estão listadas como inovadoras e não inovadoras. O instrumento utilizado foi o Ultrech Work Engagement Scale [UWES], que mede os níveis do engajamento. O resultado revelou que engajamento profissional pode agregar valor aos indicadores de desempenho estratégico nas organizações inovadoras. Conclui-se que a prática de desenvolvimento de pessoas, que está inserida na perspectiva de Aprendizagem e Crescimento do BSC, adicionada ao indicador de engajamento profissional, traz resultados positivos para as organizações, criando um clima propício para que os funcionários se sintam mais engajado sem suas tarefas, mais interessados e inseridos em um ambiente que lhes traga mais confiança e bem-estar.
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf7: A Potential Biocontrol Agent against Aspergillus flavus Induced Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut
Authors: Teja M. Ravi , Kumar K. Vijay Krishna , Sudini H.
Published: June 2019

Aflatoxin contamination is a qualitative problem in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) occurring at both pre-and post-harvest stages. These aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and have carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immuno-suppressive effects. Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a viable and sustainable option in managing aflatoxin problem in groundnut. Our present study is aimed at identifying a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain with superior antagonistic abilities on A. flavus infection, aflatoxin contamination and to determine its mode of action. Ten native P. fluorescens isolates were isolated from groundnut rhizosphere and screened against A. flavus by dual culture and in vitro seed colonization (IVSC) assays. In dual culture and IVSC studies, Pf7 exhibited higher degree of antagonism on A. flavus (54% inhibition), inhibited its colonization and reduced aflatoxin contamination (27.8 µg kg-1) in kernels.
Robust adaptive steering control for unmanned surface vehicle with unknown control direction and input saturation
Authors: Wang Shasha , Fu Mingyu , Wang Yuanhui
Published: June 2019

A robust adaptive steering control method is proposed to solve the control problem of the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with uncertainties, unknown control direction, and input saturation. In the controller design process, the adaptive fuzzy system is incorporated into dynamic surface control (DSC) to approximate the uncertainty term induced by external environmental disturbances and model parameters. Then, the Nussbaum function is used to eliminate the requirement for a priori knowledge of the control direction. Besides, to handle the input saturation, the adaptive fuzzy DSC is extended by a second‐order nonlinear filter and antisaturation auxiliary function to compensate for the magnitude and rate saturation of the rudder. All signals of the closed‐loop system are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) by Lyapunov theorem and the Lemma of Nussbaum gain, and the course error can converge to a small neighborhood of zero through choosing design parameters appropriately. Finally, simulation results and comprehensive comparisons are shown for the USV course system, which is demonstrative of the proposed controller's effectiveness and robustness.
Mass Production of High‐Quality Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Nanosheets via a Molten Salt Method
Authors: Jin Hongrun , Hu Zhimi , Li Tianqi , Huang Liang , Wan Jun , Xue Guobin , Zhou Jun
Published: June 2019

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are well suited for energy storage and field–effect transistors because of their thickness‐dependent chemical and physical properties. However, as current synthetic methods for 2D TMDs cannot integrate both advantages of liquid‐phase syntheses (i.e., massive production and homogeneity) and chemical vapor deposition (i.e., high quality and large lateral size), it still remains a great challenge for mass production of high‐quality 2D TMDs. Here, a molten salt method to massively synthesize various high‐crystalline TMDs nanosheets (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) with the thicknesses less than 5 nm is reported, with the production yield over 68% with the reaction time of only several minutes. Additionally, the thickness and size of the as‐synthesized nanosheets can be readily controlled through adjusting reaction time and temperature. The as‐synthesized MoSe2 nanosheets exhibit good electrochemical performance as pseudocapacitive materials. It is further anticipates that this work will provide a promising strategy for rapid mass production of high‐quality nonoxides nanosheets for energy‐related applications and beyond.
Infrared Glass–Ceramics with Multidispersion and Gradient Refractive Index Attributes
Authors: Sisken Laura , Kang Myungkoo , Veras Johann M. , Lonergan Charmayne , Buff Andrew , Yadav Anupama , McClane Devon , Blanco Cesar , Rivero‐Baleine Clara , Mayer Theresa S. , Richardson Kathleen A.
Published: June 2019

Infrared (IR) glass–ceramics (GCs) hold the potential to dramatically expand the range of optical material solutions available for use in bulk and planar optical systems in the IR. Current material solutions are limited to single‐ or polycrystalline materials and traditional IR‐transparent optical glasses. GCs that can be processed with spatial control and extent of induced crystallization present the opportunity to realize an effective refractive index variation, enabling arbitrary gradient refractive index elements with tailored optical function. This work discusses the role of the parent glass composition and morphology on nanocrystal phase formation in a multicomponent chalcogenide glass. Through a two‐step heat treatment protocol, a Ge–As–Pb–Se glass is converted to an optical nanocomposite where the type, volume fraction, and refractive index of the precipitated crystalline phase(s) define the resulting nanocomposite's optical properties. This modification results in a giant variation in infrared Abbe number, the magnitude of which can be tuned with control of crystal phase formation. The impact of these attributes on the GCs' refractive index, transmission, dispersion, and thermo‐optic coefficient is discussed. A systematic protocol for engineering homogeneous or gradient changes in optical function is presented and validated through experimental demonstration employing this understanding.
Insights into Structural Evolution of Lithium Peroxides with Reduced Charge Overpotential in Li−O2 System
Authors: Tan Guoqiang , Chong Lina , Zhan Chun , Wen Jianguo , Ma Lu , Yuan Yifei , Zeng Xiaoqiao , Guo Fangmin , Pearson John E. , Li Tao , Wu Tianpin , Liu Di‐Jia , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Lu Jun , Liu Cong , Amine Khalil
Published: June 2019

Reducing charge–discharge overpotential is of great significance to enhance the efficiency and cyclability of Li−O2 batteries. Here a dramatically reduced charge overpotential (0.4 V) via a rational design of cathode architecture, which features highly uniform Pt and Pt3Co nanocrystals embedding within nitrogen‐doped cobalt@graphene heterostructures is successfully achieved. Because of the improvement in the catalytic efficiency for optimizing the electrical and dynamic properties, the cathode design enables promising electrochemical performance. More importantly, the results reveal different overpotentials prompted by different structural evolution of bulk Li2O2, which largely depends on the Pt modification approach (surface‐coating and bulk‐doping). This dependence is found to be attributed to the influence of Pt nanocomponents and their dispersion on the formation and decomposition mechanism of Li2O2. Density functional theory calculations provide mechanistic insights into the promotional effect of Pt and Pt3Co on the reduction of the charge overpotential. Finally, an inner relationship between overpotential and electrochemical kinetics is proposed.
Rationalizing the Molecular Design of Hole‐Selective Contacts to Improve Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Qiong , Mosconi Edoardo , Wolff Christian , Li Junming , Neher Dieter , De Angelis Filippo , Suranna Gian Paolo , Grisorio Roberto , Abate Antonio
Published: June 2019

Two new hole selective materials (HSMs) based on dangling methylsulfanyl groups connected to the C‐9 position of the fluorene core are synthesized and applied in perovskite solar cells. Being structurally similar to a half of Spiro‐OMeTAD molecule, these HSMs (referred as FS and DFS) share similar redox potentials but are endowed with slightly higher hole mobility, due to the planarity and large extension of their structure. Competitive power conversion efficiency (up to 18.6%) is achieved by using the new HSMs in suitable perovskite solar cells. Time‐resolved photoluminescence decay measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show more efficient charge extraction at the HSM/perovskite interface with respect to Spiro‐OMeTAD, which is reflected in higher photocurrents exhibited by DFS/FS‐integrated perovskite solar cells. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the interactions of methylammonium with methylsulfanyl groups in DFS/FS strengthen their electrostatic attraction with the perovskite surface, providing an additional path for hole extraction compared to the sole presence of methoxy groups in Spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the low‐cost synthesis of FS makes it significantly attractive for the future commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
Room‐Temperature Rechargeable Ca‐Ion Based Hybrid Batteries with High Rate Capability and Long‐Term Cycling Life
Authors: Lang Jihui , Jiang Chunlei , Fang Yue , Shi Lei , Miao Shijie , Tang Yongbing
Published: June 2019

Calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are promising energy storage devices due to the merits of natural abundance, similar standard reduction potential to lithium, and bivalent‐ion characteristic of calcium. However, the development of CIBs is hindered by the low rate capability and poor cycling performance at room temperature. Here, a highly reversible room‐temperature calcium‐ion based hybrid battery is realized by a tri‐ion strategy, which significantly improves the diffusion kinetics of calcium ions. The optimized CIB shows high rate capability of 15 C as well as excellent cycling stability over 1500 cycles with 86% capacity retention at 5 C, at room temperature, which is the best result of reported calcium‐ion based full batteries.
High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrode for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jeon Il , Yoon Jungjin , Kim Unsoo , Lee Changsoo , Xiang Rong , Shawky Ahmed , Xi Jun , Byeon Junseop , Lee Hyuck Mo , Choi Mansoo , Maruyama Shigeo , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: June 2019

Double‐walled carbon nanotubes are between single‐walled carbon nanotubes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. They are comparable to single‐walled carbon nanotubes with respect to the light optical density, but their mechanical stability and solubility are higher. Exploiting such advantages, solution‐processed transparent electrodes are demonstrated using double‐walled carbon nanotubes and their application to perovskite solar cells is also demonstrated. Perovskite solar cells which harvest clean solar power have attracted a lot of attention as a next‐generation renewable energy source. However, their eco‐friendliness, cost, and flexibility are limited by the use of transparent oxide conductors, which are inflexible, difficult to fabricate, and made up of expensive rare metals. Solution‐processed double‐walled carbon nanotubes can replace conventional transparent electrodes to resolve such issues. Perovskite solar cells using the double‐walled carbon nanotube transparent electrodes produce an operating power conversion efficiency of 17.2% without hysteresis. As the first solution‐processed electrode‐based perovskite solar cells, this work will pave the pathway to the large‐size, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly solar devices.
Mosaic paternal haploidy in a patient with pancreatoblastoma and Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Ting , Tung Yi‐Ching , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Shih Jin‐Chung , Lin Wen‐Hsi , Wu Mu‐Zon , Kuo Kuan‐Ting , Yang Yung‐Li , Chen Huey‐Ling , Chen Ming , Su Yi‐Ning , Jong Yiin‐Jeng , Liu Shih‐Yao , Tsai Wen‐Yu , Lee Ni‐Chung
Published: June 2019

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare type of pancreatic cancer in children. Here, we describe a case in which Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was first suspected because of placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Although the baby did not show the stigmata characteristic of BWS or abnormal peripheral blood methylation, she developed a massive pancreatoblastoma 2 months later. She survived after partial excision of the tumor and chemotherapy. The methylation pattern of the pancreatoblastoma tissue was typical of BWS. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analyzes revealed that the pancreatoblastoma tissue had genome‐wide loss of maternal alleles. Peripheral blood and nontumor pancreatic tissue showed normal biparental genomic contribution. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with centromeric probes for chromosomes 2 and 11 revealed haploid pancreatoblastoma cells, whereas the placental mesenchymal dysplasia tissue and nontumor pancreas tissue showed diploidy. SNP genotype analysis suggested the presence of mosaicism with the pancreatoblastoma tissue having a different paternal haplotype than that of the peripheral blood and nontumor pancreatic tissue. We report for the first time mosaic paternal haploidy associated with pancreatoblastoma. Babies with placental mesenchymal dysplasia, even those without a definitive diagnosis of BWS, need to be closely followed for the occurrence of embryonic tumors.
Disease coding systems for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Bedard Tanya , Lowry R. Brian
Published: June 2019

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) encompasses many different conditions, involves many different genes and thus can be very complex. Using historical disease coding systems to document syndrome diagnoses and anomalies associated with AMC is often challenging. However, disease coding systems are necessary to provide opportunities for a standard language to be maintained and pertinent data to be identified in the pediatric AMC registry, congenital anomalies surveillance systems, and routine or administrative health information systems. The ICD‐10, Orphanet, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and the Human Phenotype Ontology coding and classification systems are described to establish a comprehensive coding strategy. This strategy will provide a necessary tool to contribute to a better understanding of AMC and ultimately improve the health of individuals with AMC.
A model‐based quantification of the impact of new manufacturing technologies on developing country vaccine supply chain performance: A Kenyan case study
Authors: Kis Zoltán , Papathanasiou Maria , Calvo‐Serrano Raul , Kontoravdi Cleo , Shah Nilay
Published: June 2019

Vaccine manufacture currently follows a centralized approach dominated by large‐scale, nonflexible, and product‐specific facilities, which require high investment costs. Emerging vaccine platform technologies, such as RNA vaccines, outer membrane vesicle vaccines with genetically customizable membrane antigens (customOMV), virus‐like particle vaccines with genetically configurable epitopes (customVLP), and humanized yeast‐produced vaccines, as well as new intensified out‐scalable biomanufacturing processes will enable a decentralized manufacturing approach. This is anticipated to be faster to produce, flexible, and implementable at locations with high vaccine demand. In this work, we quantify the potential impact of these technologies on the Kenyan supply chain network. Here, we have employed techno‐economic modeling and mixed integer optimization to investigate the impact of novel vaccine manufacturing technologies on the profitability of supply chain logistics in Kenya. The model results indicate that: (a) manufacturing accounts for the highest proportion of the total supply chain costs, (b) the cost per dose of vaccines produced using emerging platform technologies can be an order of magnitude lower compared to the dose cost of inactivated polio vaccines, and (c) the use of intensified production processes contained inside isolators render small‐scale distributed manufacturing economically viable.
Electronic Transport and Thermopower in 2D and 3D Heterostructures—A Theory Perspective
Authors: Majee Arnab K. , Kommini Adithya , Aksamija Zlatan
Published: June 2019

The impact of interfaces and heterojuctions on the electronic and thermoelectric transport properties of materials is discussed herein. Recent progress in understanding electronic transport in heterostructures of 2D materials ranging from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides, their homojunctions (grain boundaries), lateral heterojunctions (such as graphene/MoS2lateral interfaces), and vertical van der Waals heterostructures is reviewed. Work on thermopower in 2D heterojunctions, as well as their applications in creating devices such as resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), is also discussed. Last, the focus turns to work in 3D heterostructures. While transport in 3D heterostructures has been researched for several decades, here recent progress in theory and simulation of quantum effects on transport via the Wigner and non‐equilibrium Green's functions approaches is reviewed. These simulation techniques have been successfully applied toward understanding the impact of heterojunctions on transport properties and thermopower, which finds applications in energy harvesting, and electron resonant tunneling, with applications in RTDs. In conclusion, tremendous progress has been made in both simulation and experiments toward the goal of understanding transport in heterostructures and this progress will soon be parlayed into improved energy converters and quantum nanoelectronic devices.
Isolated Square‐Planar Copper Center in Boron Imidazolate Nanocages for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Xia , Hong Qin‐Long , Li Jing , Wang Fei , Huang Xinsong , Chen Shumei , Tu Wenguang , Yu Dingshan , Xu Rong , Zhou Tianhua , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2019

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to value‐added fuel has been considered to be a promising strategy to reduce global warming and shortage of energy. Rational design and synthesis of catalysts to maximumly expose the active sites is the key to activate CO2 molecules and determine the reaction selectivity. Herein, we synthesize a well‐defined copper‐based boron imidazolate cage (BIF‐29) with six exposed mononuclear copper centers for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Theoretical calculations show a single Cu site including weak coordinated water delivers a new state in the conduction band near the Fermi level and stabilizes the *COOH intermediate. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra show these Cu sites promote the separation of electron–hole pairs and electron transfer. As a result, the cage achieves solar‐driven reduction of CO2 to CO with an evolution rate of 3334 μmol g−1 h−1 and a high selectivity of 82.6 %.
Study of nano‐Cu/SiO2 catalysts for highly selective hydrogenation of acetophenone
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Chao , Wang Jinkai , An Hao , Guo Zhenmei , Lv Zhiguo
Published: June 2019

Hydrogenation of acetophenone over nano‐Cu/SiO2 catalysts was investigated. The catalysts, prepared by a liquid precipitation method using various precipitating agents, were characterized using low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the catalysts prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method had better activity and stability than those prepared by a co‐precipitation method. The catalyst prepared using urea as precipitating agent had well‐dispersed copper species, high surface area and abundant pore structure. The catalytic performance and mechanism of the Cu/SiO2 catalysts were further studied. It was found that the activity and stability of the catalysts could be improved by adjusting the proportion of Cu+/(Cu+ + Cu0). The sample prepared using urea as precipitating agent presented higher activity and selectivity. Also, the catalyst prepared using urea maintained a high catalytic performance while being continuously used for 150 h under the optimal reaction conditions.
Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells
Authors: Wang Lidan , Liu Ying , Wang Jianyou
Published: June 2019

As a core component of anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells, it has practical significance to improve the performance of AEMs. However, it is difficult to obtain AEM with both good stability and high conductivity. In this study, a series of AEMs were prepared by chloromethylation, quaternization, and crosslinking reactions. The quaternization reaction was carried out first to ensure that there are abundant quaternary ammonium groups on AEM and enhance the conductivity of membrane.N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine was used as a crosslinker to improve membrane stability and mechanical property. A simple, mild, and cost‐effective AEM synthetic route was developed. This strategy achieves a certain balance of electrochemical and physical properties. The effect of the crosslinking reactions on the property of membrane was evaluated. Crosslinked membranes have better dimensional stability (water uptake: 20.2% and swelling ratio: 2.1%), mechanical properties (55.84 MPa), and alkaline stability because crosslinked structures result in large steric hindrance. The mutually independent quaternization and crosslinking reaction do not affect the electrochemical performance of membranes; in the crosslinking reaction stage, crosslinker also reacted as quaternization agent and increased the number of reactive groups in AEM. Thus, the resulting crosslinked AEM exhibits higher ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivities (46.4 mS cm−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48169.
Cadaveric Simulation Training in Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robinson Davida A. , Piekut Diane T. , Hasman Linda , Knight Peter A.
Published: June 2019

Simulation training has become increasingly relevant in the educational curriculum of surgical trainees. The types of simulation models used, goals of simulation training, and an objective assessment of its utility and effectiveness are highly variable. The role and effectiveness of cadaveric simulation in cardiothoracic surgical training has not been well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current medical literature available on the utility and the effectiveness of cadaveric simulation in cardiothoracic surgical residency training. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception to February 2019. Of the 362 citations obtained, 23 articles were identified and retrieved for full review, yielding ten eligible articles that were included for analysis. One additional study was identified and included in the analysis. Extraction of data from the selected articles was performed using predetermined data fields, including study design, study participants, simulation task, performance metrics, and costs. Most of these studies were only descriptive of a cadaveric or perfused cadaveric simulation model that could be used to augment clinical operative training in cardiothoracic surgery. There is a paucity of evidence in the literature that specifically evaluates the utility and the efficacy of cadavers in cardiothoracic surgery training. Of the few studies that have been published in the literature, cadaveric simulation does seem to have a role in cardiothoracic surgery training beyond simply learning basic skills. Additional research in this area is needed.
A good start of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Zhao Qian , Yu Jinming , Meng Xue
Published: June 2019

Considering the benefits of immunotherapy in advanced melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, we begin to consider whether immunotherapy is effective for esophageal cancer, which is extremely malignant and has a poor prognosis. There are a large number of clinical trials to study the application of immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, peptide vaccine, adoptive T cell transfer and oncolytic virus in esophageal cancer. Some already have preliminary results and show the advantages of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer, while others are still in progress. This review aims to introduce the feasibility and current status of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.
RECQL5 plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability and viability of triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Peng Jin , Tang Lichun , Cai Mengjiao , Chen Huan , Wong Jiemin , Zhang Pumin
Published: June 2019

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignancy that currently lacks targeted therapies. The majority of TNBCs can be characterized as basal‐like and has an expression profile enriched with genes involved in DNA damage repair and checkpoint response. Here, we report that TNBC cells are under replication stress and are constantly generating DNA double‐strand breaks, which is not seen in non‐TNBC cells. Consequently, we found that RECQL5, which encodes a RecQ family DNA helicase involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism including replication and repair, was essential for TNBC cells to survive and proliferate in vitro and in vivo. Compromising RECQL5 function in TNBC cells results in persistence of DNA damage, G2 arrest, and ultimately, cessation of proliferation. Our results suggest RECQL5 may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Identification of a Hotspot Residue for Improving the Thermostability of a Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenase
Authors: Pongpamorn Pornkanok , Watthaisong Pratchaya , Pimviriyakul Panu , Jaruwat Aritsara , Lawan Narin , Chitnumsub Penchit , Chaiyen Pimchai
Published: June 2019

HadA is a flavin‐dependent monooxygenase that can catalyze the denitration and dehalogenation of a wide variety of toxicants such as pesticides. Although these enzymatic reactions are useful for bioremediation or biocatalysis, the application of HadA for these purposes is not yet possible because of its low thermostability. In this work we have engineered HadA to be more thermostable through the use of structural, in silico, and rational approaches. The X‐ray structure of HadA was solved to obtain a reliable three‐dimensional protein model for further prediction of thermostable variants. In silico analysis by using two bioinformatic tools—FireProt and Disulfide by Design—suggested 102 variants that we then further refined by applying rational criteria including the location of a particular residue and its nearby interactions, as well as other biophysical parameters to narrow down the list to six candidates. The G513Y variant was found to be an optimal engineered candidate because it has significantly improved stability relative to the wild‐type enzyme and equivalent activity. G513Y has an activity half‐life 72 (50 °C) and 160 times (45 °C) longer than that of the wild‐type enzyme. Coupled together with thermostable reactions of reduced flavin and NADH‐regenerating systems, the G513Y variant can be used to catalyze denitration of 4nitrophenol at 45 °C. Structure/sequence alignments of HadA and its homologues indicate that several flavin‐dependent monooxygenases also contain amino acid residues homologous to the G513 of HadA, hence opening up the possibility of applying this engineering approach to improving their thermostabilities as well. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed that the improved thermostability of the G513Y variant was due to aromatic hydrocarbon interactions between Y513 and N359, L347, G348, and F349.
Use of steerable catheters for endovascular procedures: Report of a CASE and literature review
Authors: Mazzaccaro Daniela , Castronovo Enza Lucia , Righini Paolo , Nano Giovanni
Published: June 2019

We report a case of a celiac trunk stenting using a steerable guiding catheter, to fix a residual endoleak following fenestrated endovascular repair (FEVAR) of a thoraco‐abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). A systematic search of the literature about the use of steerable catheters was also performed on Pubmed according to the PRISMA Guidelines, including all papers in which the device was used for in vivo endovascular procedures. In our case report, the patient had undergone a failed attempt of cannulation due to the presence of a severely angulated and stenosed ostium of the vessel. A steerable catheter was then used to fix the residual endoleak. The search of the Literature retrieved 544 papers. Of them, 13 met the inclusion criteria and were therefore assessed. The use of steerable sheaths and catheters was reported as effective and safe for the cannulation of 157 target vessels in 131 endovascular procedures, with a success rate of 95.5% and no complications. The use of a steerable guiding catheter in our experience was safe and effective for the selective cannulation of a severely stenosed and angulated celiac trunk, to correct a residual endoleak after FEVAR for TAAA. Steerable catheters could be useful tools for the selective cannulation of target vessels with a challenging ostium.
Effect of konjac glucomannan on physicochemical properties of quinoa and maize starches
Authors: Zhu Fan , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a nonionic polysaccharide that can be used in food products for improved functionalities. Quinoa is becoming a popular ingredient for food formulations due to its attractive functional and nutritional properties. To better understand the interactions of KGM in starch‐based systems, the effect of added KGM up to 20% on physicochemical properties of quinoa starch was studied and compared to that of maize starch.

Findings

Konjac glucomannan addition increased viscosities of both starches during pasting. The addition increased the swelling power and water solubility of the starches, while improving the gelation of starch pastes. KGM addition decreased the in vitro digestibility of raw and cooked starches. Comparative analysis showed that KGM affected the properties of the two starches to similar extents.

Conclusions

Konjac glucomannan can be used to modify the functionalities of starch. This study provides basis to use KGM for food formulations with quinoa and maize.

Significance and novelty

Konjac glucomannan could be used as a food additive in starch systems for rheological modifications and glycemic control regardless of the starch granule size.
In‐situ Photosynthetic Route to Tailor Point Defects in TiO2(B) Nanosheets for Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Ping , Yi Zhouxiang , Zhang Jiajia , Cai Zhengyang , Lyu Bowen , Yang Junhe , Wang Xianying
Published: June 2019

In‐situ UV‐irradiation activation leads to an intense visible‐light absorption of up to 700 nm in ethylene glycolate‐stabilized TiO2(B) nanosheets. It is ascribed that the creation of abundant subsurface/lattice oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ centers, along with UV‐induced breakdown of Ti−O bonds between ethylene glycolate and TiO2(B). Consequently, the enhanced and stable visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution is obtained on defect‐rich TiO2(B) nanosheets.
Four‐Center Nodes: Supramolecular Synthons Based on Cyclic Halogen Bonding
Authors: Kryukova Mariya A. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Smirnov Andrey S. , Bokach Nadezhda A. , Yu. Kukushkin Vadim
Published: June 2019

The isocyanide trans‐[PdBr2(CNC6H4‐4‐X′)2] (X′=Br, I) and nitrile trans‐[PtX2(NCC6H4‐4‐X′)2] (X/X′=Cl/Cl, Cl/Br, Br/Cl, Br/Br) complexes exhibit similar structural motif in the solid state, which is determined by hitherto unreported four‐center nodes formed by cyclic halogen bonding. Each node is built up by four Type II C−X′⋅⋅⋅X−M halogen‐bonding contacts and include one Type I M−X⋅⋅⋅X−M interaction, thus giving the rhombic‐like structure. These nodes serve as supramolecular synthons to form 2D layers or double chains of molecules linked by a halogen bond. Results of DFT calculations indicate that all contacts within the nodes are typical noncovalent interactions with the estimated strengths in the range 0.6–2.9 kcal mol−1.