bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple control of azoquinoline based molecular photoswitches
Authors: Lv Youming , Ye Hebo , You Lei
Published: January 2024

Multi-addressed regulation of photoswitches was achieved through the attachment of azoquinoline to ring–chain dynamic covalent groups, with the interaction between diverse stimuli further affording a complex network.
Amplitude Modulation Perception and Cortical Evoked Potentials in Children With Listening Difficulties and Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Petley Lauren , Blankenship Chelsea , Hunter Lisa L. , Stewart Hannah J. , Lin Li , Moore David R.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Amplitude modulations (AMs) are important for speech intelligibility, and deficits in speech intelligibility are a leading source of impairment in childhood listening difficulties (LiD). The present study aimed to explore the relationships between AM perception and speech-in-noise (SiN) comprehension in children and to determine whether deficits in AM processing contribute to childhood LiD. Evoked responses were used to parse the neural origins of AM processing.

Method:

Forty-one children with LiD and 44 typically developing children, ages 8–16 years, participated in the study. Behavioral AM depth thresholds were measured at 4 and 40 Hz. SiN tasks included the Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences Test (LiSN-S) and a coordinate response measure (CRM)–based task. Evoked responses were obtained during an AM change detection task using alternations between 4 and 40 Hz, including the N1 of the acoustic change complex, auditory steady-state response (ASSR), P300, and a late positive response (late potential [LP]). Maturational effects were explored via age correlations.

Results:

Age correlated with 4-Hz AM thresholds, CRM separated talker scores, and N1 amplitude. Age-normed LiSN-S scores obtained without spatial or talker cues correlated with age-corrected 4-Hz AM thresholds and area under the LP curve. CRM separated talker scores correlated with AM thresholds and area under the LP curve. Most behavioral measures of AM perception correlated with the signal-to-noise ratio and phase coherence of the 40-Hz ASSR. AM change response time also correlated with area under the LP curve. Children with LiD exhibited deficits with respect to 4-Hz thresholds, AM change accuracy, and area under the LP curve.

Conclusions:

The observed relationships between AM perception and SiN performance extend the evidence that modulation perception is important for understanding SiN in childhood. In line with this finding, children with LiD demonstrated poorer performance on some measures of AM perception, but their evoked responses implicated a primarily cognitive deficit.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25009103
Les enfants à haut potentiel : rôle de l’environnement familial
Authors: Tordjman Sylvie
Published: January 2024

Cet article porte sur l’accompagnement psychologique, affectif et éducatif des enfants à haut potentiel intellectuel et/ou créatif dans le cadre d’une approche psycho-environnementale où le rôle de l’environnement familial est notamment interrogé. Dans un premier temps, l’évolution des concepts du don au haut potentiel est discutée. Puis, un modèle développemental est proposé sur le rôle des facteurs d’environnement dans l’expression du potentiel intellectuel et créatif de l’enfant. Ce modèle intègre les processus développementaux qui impliquent en particulier certains facteurs d’environnement (notamment l’étayage et stimulation de la motivation, l’enrichissement du milieu, la valorisation de l’effort, et l’apport d’un soutien) au sein de l’environnement familial, mais aussi scolaire et sociétal. Il permet d’ouvrir des perspectives développementales importantes, tant pour l’accompagnement psychologique et affectif que l’accompagnement éducatif des enfants à haut potentiel en particulier, mais aussi de tous les enfants et adolescents quel que soit leur potentiel.
Gestation pour autrui et nouvelles grand-parentalités
Authors: Kac Ohana Nicole
Published: January 2024

L’évolution des techniques de procréation entraîne des questions de plus en plus diverses et complexes, mettant en difficulté notre besoin intégrateur et confrontant nos fantasmes personnels et de thérapeutes. Dans toutes les démocraties contemporaines, c’est un sujet qui anime et divise, notamment sur les plans éthique et juridique. Nous essayons de traverser les questions qui se posent aux grands-parents d’enfants nés dans des familles non traditionnelles, ou atypiques, où la conception a lieu avec l’aide de personnes extérieures à la famille, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit de recours à la gestation pour autrui, (GPA). La GPA suppose-t-elle une disparition symbolique de la mère ?

Les termes employés, très variables selon les pays, n’aident pas dans ce bouleversement intérieur. Le terme de « parents d’intention » a cependant le mérite de souligner la notion du désir. L’emploi de termes les plus justes possible contribuera à élaborer un cadre juridique propice. Les liens grands-parentaux sont multiples : naturels, culturels, génétiques, physiques; ils peuvent aussi être des liens « sociaux », tels ceux déjà observés et ressentis dans les familles recomposées. En cas de GPA, des grands-parents « suffisamment bons » aideront l’enfant à construire une identité aux racines multiples, celle d’un individu tissé d’histoires différentes, au sein d’une famille élargie.
Adolescence et technologies numériques, recours aux écrans en temps de crise sanitaire et identificatoire
Authors: Lacombe Timothée
Published: January 2024

Cet article étudie l’utilisation du numérique par les adolescents en temps de distanciation sociale lors de la pandémie de Covid 19, caractérise les modalités inédites d’interactions relationnelles, d’identifications groupales, et de soutien à la quête identitaire adolescente qu’elle propose. L’usage de la technologie, plus particulièrement du numérique, chez les adolescents semble pouvoir être un un outil efficient pour lutter contre des situations angoissantes, renvoyant à la solitude, l’abandon, la perte de lien et de questionnement identitaire particulièrement en temps de pandémie. Le numérique a pu être un support pour la poursuite de la construction de l’identité de ces adolescents, en situation de souffrance, de par son intégration au psychisme. Cette intégration s’appuie sur la relation propre de l’adolescent au numérique, dont les principales caractéristiques sont mises en lumières. La situation spécifique d’une utilisation intensive de jeux vidéo a pu permettre aux adolescents de tenter d’apaiser ou d’échapper psychiquement à des situations angoissantes de huis clos familiaux avec une trop grande proximité relationnelle. Le jeu solitaire permet la mise à distance d’une situation environnementale réelle, évoquant un mécanisme de clivage, alors que l’utilisation partagée en ligne à bon escient peut donner l’accès à un vécu groupal partagé soutenant des possibilités identificatoires.
Covid 19 et adolescence, une période de crise identificatoire
Authors: Lacombe Timothée , Zaoui Asma , Teboul Roger
Published: January 2024

Le nombre de consultations aux urgences psychiatriques a connu une forte baisse lors de la première vague de Covid-19 en France et dans le monde entier, notamment en population pédiatrique. À partir de novembre 2020, une augmentation de l’affluence aux urgences pédiatriques, avec de nombreuses tentatives de suicide, a été observée, en Île-de-France et sur l’ensemble du territoire. Cette réflexion clinique prend son origine suite au constat d’un doublement du nombre de demande d’avis psychiatriques aux urgences et dans le service de pédiatrie générale à l’hôpital général de Montreuil, de novembre 2020 à avril 2021. Nous nous interrogeons sur l’origine de cette souffrance chez les adolescents qui s’exprime de manière plus bruyante et plus fréquente qu’avant la pandémie. Nous émettons l’hypothèse d’une entrave des processus identificatoires normaux à l’adolescence par la distanciation sociale et les différentes mesures sanitaires en réponse à la pandémie actuelle, touchant à la fois la population générale et celle atteinte de troubles psychiatriques. Nous supposons aussi que les différentes institutions, familiales, scolaires et soignantes en ambulatoire ont été elles aussi ébranlées par la crise sanitaire, ainsi moins en mesure de contenir l’angoisse adolescente, aboutissant à la majoration des prises en charge hospitalières pour ces adolescents.
Determinanten zur Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsleistungen vor
Eintritt in die Erwerbsminderung: Zeitreihenanalyse von Versicherten der
Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund in Berlin und Brandenburg
Authors: Kühn Lukas , Lindert Lara , Glawe Wiebke , Choi Kyung-Eun Anna
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund Die altersstandardisierte Antragsrate von medizinischen
Rehabilitationsleistungen der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund ist seit 2009
rückläufig. Zwei der häufigsten
Indikationsgründe zur Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsleistungen
stellen Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen und psychische Störungen dar. Ziel
war es, Einflussfaktoren zu identifizieren, die mit einer Inanspruchnahme von
Rehabilitationsleistungen in den Bundesländern Berlin und Brandenburg
assoziiert sind.

Methode Die explorative Zeitreihenanalyse basierte auf einem
Forschungsdatensatz der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund. Eingeschlossen wurden
Versicherte der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund aus Berlin und Brandenburg mit
Diagnose aus den Spektren der Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen oder psychischen
Störungen. Deskriptive Unterschiede in Ziel- und Prognoseparametern
wurden mittels Chi-Quadrat- und t-test Statistik berechnet. Prognoseparameter
für die Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Rehabilitationsleistungen
wurden anhand von binär, logistischen Regressionsanalysen berechnet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten Daten von 11.257 Versicherten untersucht
werden. Die Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Rehabilitationsleistungen zeigte
für die Versichertenpopulation aus Berlin signifikante prognostische
Einflussgrößen bei dem Geschlecht, dem Alter bei Renteneintritt,
dem Familienstand, dem Bildungsniveau, dem beruflichen Anforderungsniveau, der
Summe gesammelter Entgeltpunkte, dem Bruttorentenniveau, dem Rententatbestand
der Zeitrente, dem Krankenversicherungsverhältnis sowie der
Diagnosegruppe. Für Brandenburg zeigten sich signifikante prognostische
Einflussgrößen bei dem Alter bei Renteneintritt, dem
Familienstand, der Staatsangehörigkeit, dem Bildungsniveau, dem
beruflichen Anforderungsniveau, der Summe gesammelter Entgeltpunkte, dem
Vorliegen einer Zeitrente, dem Berufssektor und der Diagnosegruppe.

Schlussfolgerungen In Berlin und Brandenburg sind psychische
Störungen und soziodemographische Parameter mit einer erhöhten
Wahrscheinlichkeit verbunden, medizinische Rehabilitationsleistungen vor
Eintritt in die Erwerbsminderung nicht in Anspruch zu nehmen. Es bleibt zu
ergründen, welche Mechanismen bei Menschen mit psychischen
Störungen eine Nicht-Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen
Rehabilitationsleistungen bedingen. Künftige Analysen sollten isolierte
Interaktionsmechanismen zur Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen
Rehabilitationsleistungen speziell bei vorhandenen F-Diagnosestellungen
untersuchen. Zudem bleiben Erklärungen für eine unterschiedliche
Wirkung von Einflussgrößen zwischen den Bundesländern zu
explorieren.
Moving toward the Development and Effective Implementation of High-Quality Guidelines in Pediatric Surgery: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Irvine Willemijn F.E. , Spivack Olivia K.C. , Ista Erwin
Published: January 2024

Applying evidence-based guidelines can enhance the quality of patient care. While robust guideline development methodology ensures credibility and validity, methodological variations can impact guideline quality. Besides methodological rigor, effective implementation is crucial for achieving improved health outcomes. This review provides an overview of recent literature pertaining to the development and implementation of guidelines in pediatric surgery. Literature was reviewed to provide an overview of sound guideline development methodologies and approaches to promote effective guideline implementation. Challenges specific to pediatric surgery were highlighted. A search was performed to identify published guidelines relevant to pediatric surgery from 2018 to June 2023, and their quality was collectively appraised using the AGREE II instrument. High-quality guideline development can be promoted by using methodologically sound tools such as the Guidelines 2.0 checklist, the GRADE system, and the AGREE II instrument. While implementation can be promoted during guideline development and post-publication, its effectiveness may be influenced by various factors. Challenges pertinent to pediatric surgery, such as limited evidence and difficulties with outcome selection and heterogeneity, may impact guideline quality and effective implementation. Fifteen guidelines were identified and collectively appraised as suboptimal, with a mean overall AGREE II score of 58%, with applicability being the lowest scoring domain. There are identified challenges and barriers to the development and effective implementation of high-quality guidelines in pediatric surgery. It is valuable to prioritize the identification of adapted, innovative methodological strategies and the use of implementation science to understand and achieve effective guideline implementation.
From deity to demon: the rise and fall of Hārītī worship in China
Authors: Shi Mengjie
Published: January 2024

Hārītī is the first female deity in Buddhism that was credited with responsibility for protecting women during childbirth and protecting children. Since her introduction to China from India, her image has undergone multiple changes, and the rise and fall of her cult is closely related to the social culture around her reception. However, previous research on Hārītī has focused mainly on historiographical aspects, and little attention has been given to image evolution after her introduction into China. Therefore, this paper mainly utilizes iconographic methods to systematically review the characteristics of Hārītī’s image in different periods and investigate the social causes and religious meanings behind her evolution. The study revealed that the image of Hārītī has experienced five development phases: Hellenization, Sinicization, demonization, confusion, and parasitization. The most fundamental reason for her rise in China was the strong demand for fertility among the people. The most important reasons for her decline in China include the deep-rooted negative popular view of her yaksha identity and the prevalence of images and stories of the child-giving Avalokitesvara, who replaced her core functions entirely. In this way, Hārītī worship underwent gradual marginalization in China.
High-precision time measurement electronics using the bandpass sampling method
Authors: Fan Yichun , Zhao Lei , Qin Jiajun , Li Jiaming , Huang Shiya , Cao Zhe
Published: January 2024

Waveform digitization at sampling rates up to several giga-samples per second is one of the approaches to achieve high-precision time measurements. In recent years, achieving high precision at lower sampling rates has emerged as a significant research topic. In this article, we focus on time measurement electronics, in which the bandpass sampling method is applied to obtain high precision at a sampling rate of roughly 100 MSps. An analog front-end circuit is designed, in which the input pulse signal is bandpass-filtered and amplified before sampling. A pipelined real-time time extraction algorithm is designed using the techniques of interpolation and cross correlation. A 1024-point fast Fourier transform algorithm is adopted to implement the cross correlation operation. Four time measurement channels are implemented in a mid-range field-programmable gate array, and the measurement rate of 116 kHz is achieved. Tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the timing system. The typical RMS precision is better than 0.4 ps.
A Fourier neuromorphic visual system based on InGaZnO synaptic transistor
Authors: Peng Baocheng , Sun Qianlu , Long Haotian , Xu Ke , Qiao Lesheng , Hu Zehua , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing
Published: January 2024

The hierarchical structure of the biological visual system enables multilevel features of sensory stimuli to be pre-extracted before being transmitted to the nerve center, rendering the remarkable ability to perceive, filter, categorize, and identify targets in complex environments. However, it is a challenge to resemble such extraction capability with respect to spatial features in a neuromorphic visual system. In this Letter, we propose an indium-gallium-zinc-oxide synaptic transistor-based Fourier neuromorphic visual system for image style classifying. The images are transformed into the frequency domain through an optic Fourier system, greatly reducing energy and time dissipation in comparison with numerical computation. Then, the transformed information is coded into spike trains, which are nonlinearly filtered by synaptic transistors. The energy consumption for this filtering process is estimated to be ∼1.28 nJ/pixel. The features of drawing style could be enhanced through the filtering process, which facilitates the followed pattern recognition. The recognition accuracy in classifying stylized images is significantly improved to 92% through such Fourier transform and filtering process. This work would be of profound implications for advancing neuromorphic visual system with Fourier optics enhanced feature extraction capabilities.
Prediction of pressure fields on cavitation hydrofoil based on improved compressed sensing technology
Authors: Sha Yangyang , Xu Yuhang , Wei Yingjie , Wang Cong
Published: January 2024

In the face of mounting economic constraints, researchers are increasingly turning to data-driven methods for reconstructing unknown global fields from limited data. While traditional compressed sensing (CS) technology addresses this challenge, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm within CS encounters difficulties in precisely solving basis coefficients. This challenge is exacerbated by the frequently unknown observation matrix, often necessitating optimization methods for resolution. This study introduces the CS-FNN (CS-Fully Connected Neural Network) method, leveraging neural network technology to refine CS-obtained basis coefficients. This approach proves particularly advantageous in scenarios involving custom observation points. Focused on hydrofoil pressure fields, our comparative analysis with CS-PSO (CS-Particle Swarm Optimization) covers the reconstruction accuracy, the performance in varied unsteady situations, and robustness concerning the number of truncated proper orthogonal decomposition modes, measuring point distribution, and real noise environments. Results demonstrate the superiority of CS-FNN over CS-PSO in predicting global hydrofoil pressure fields, with higher reconstruction accuracy, a more flexible arrangement of measuring points, and a balance between robustness and accuracy that meets the requirements of practical engineering. This innovative method introduces a new and effective approach for recovering high-dimensional data, presenting significant potential for practical engineering applications.
Self-presentation of the US presidential candidates in 2016 and 2020
Authors: Diedkova Anna
Published: January 2024

Politicians often mention their personality traits when communicating with the public that aligns with the concept of impression management (Benoit and McHale 2003). This suggests that politicians can use their personalities to create a favorable image during election campaigns (Van Santen and Van Zoonen 2010). However, previous research has not adequately incorporated personality theories into the study of impression management (Clifford 2018). Addressing this gap, our study examines how presidential candidates presented themselves during the 2016 and 2020 US elections, and explores the personality traits emphasized in campaign communication. Our research combines qualitative and quantitative methods and diverse data sources, including political commercials and speeches. This study contributes to the field by incorporating personality theories into the study of political impression management.
Critical behaviour of the contact angle within nonwetting gaps
Authors: Parry Andrew O , Malijevský Alexandr , Rascón Carlos
Published: January 2024

Recent density functional theory and simulation studies of fluid adsorption near planar walls in systems where the wall–fluid and fluid–fluid interactions have different ranges, have shown that critical point wetting may not occur and instead nonwetting gaps appear in the surface phase diagram, separating lines of wetting and drying transitions, that extend up to the critical temperature Tc
. Here we clarify the features of the surface phase diagrams that are common, regardless of the range and balance of the forces, showing, in particular, that the lines of temperature driven wetting and drying transitions, as well as lines of constant contact angle

π
>
θ
>
0

, always converge to an ordinary surface phase transition at Tc
. When nonwetting gaps appear the contact angle either vanishes or tends to π as

t
≡
(

T
c

−
T
)

/

T
c

→
0

. More specifically, when the wall–fluid interaction is long-ranged (dispersion-like) and the fluid–fluid short-ranged we estimate

π
−
θ
∝

t

0.16

, compared with

θ
∝

t

0.77

when the wall–fluid interaction is short-ranged and the fluid–fluid dispersion-like, allowing for the effects of bulk critical fluctuations. The universal convergence of the lines of constant contact angle implies that critical point filling always occurs for fluids adsorbed in wedges.
Performance study of an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection for water pressure pulsation
Authors: Chen Chen , Xu Yifei , Zhao Haixia , Xian Tongrui , Luo Xiaohui , Shi Weijie
Published: January 2024

Water hydraulic pump is a crucial component of the water hydraulic system, and it generates periodic pressure pulsation due to its inherent characteristics. To harvest the vibration energy from the pressure pulsation, an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection is proposed. Two prototypes are fabricated to analyze the effect of the number of piezoelectric disks on the energy harvesting characteristics under different pressures and resistances. Parameter matching is also carried out to obtain high root mean square (RMS) voltage and average power. For both prototypes, the cyclical change of deformation is caused by the pressure pulsation, leading to transient variation of voltage. Moderate thickness of piezoelectric ceramic and small thickness of copper substrate are advantageous for generating higher electrical energy output. Pressure pulsation significantly affects the harvested voltage and power, with the main influencing factor being the pulsation amplitude rather than static pressure. Additionally, transient voltage and RMS voltage increase with increasing resistance, while average power first rises and then falls. Comparing the two prototypes, both voltage and optimal resistance decrease when the number of piezoelectric disks in parallel connection increases. The average power and power density with two piezoelectric disks can reach 447 μW and 4.56 mW cm−3 under 3 MPa and at a resistance of 20 KΩ. This research provides guidance for the design, optimization and application of piezoelectric energy harvesters in water hydraulic system.
Modelling Rabi oscillations for widefield radiofrequency imaging in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Magaletti Simone , Mayer Ludovic , Roch Jean-François , Debuisschert Thierry
Published: January 2024

In this paper we study the dynamics of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond when its photoluminescence is detected by means of a widefield imaging system. We develop a seven-level model and use it to simulate the widefield detection of nitrogen-vacancy centers Rabi oscillations. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements showing a good agreement. In particular, we use the model to explain the asymmetric shape of the detected Rabi oscillations due to an incomplete repolarization of the nitrogen-vacancy center during the pulse sequence implemented for the detection of Rabi oscillations.
Development and application of a predictive model for advanced tokamak scenario design
Authors: Schramm Raphael , Bock Alexander , Fable Emiliano , Stober Jörg , Maraschek Marc , Reisner Maximilian , Fischer Rainer , Zohm Hartmut ,   the ASDEX-Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

Advanced tokamak (AT) scenarios applying additional heating during the current ramp (early-heating) usually require many iterations if developed fully empirically. To reduce the required experimental time, a model has been developed in the ASTRA framework, capable of doing predictive simulations of the relevant parameters. As scenario development requires fast iterations and inter-discharge runs, a sufficiently short run-time is required. While using a simplified transport model to achieve this, comparisons to experimental data from ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) still show good agreement. Using this model, a new high performance early-heating AT scenario has been developed and successfully run on AUG with the results matching the predictions.
Inviscid water-waves and interface modeling
Authors: Dormy Emmanuel , Lacave Christophe
Published: January 2024

We present a rigorous mathematical analysis of the modeling of inviscid water waves. The free-surface is described as a parametrized curve. We introduce a numerically stable algorithm which accounts for its evolution with time. The method is shown to converge using approximate solutions, such as Stokes waves and Green-Naghdi solitary waves. It is finally tested on a wave breaking problem, for which an odd-even coupling suffices to achieve numerical convergence up to the splash without the need for additional filtering.
In-between Landscapes
Authors: Burchardt Jeremy
Published: January 2024

Since Pahl’s celebrated 1966 article ‘The rural-urban continuum’, scholars have persistently sought to question and complicate antithetical constructions of town and country. Yet such binary formulations remain stubbornly embedded at the level of public discourse. This chapter explores a type of landscape that, it is argued, became increasingly significant in the twentieth century, referred to here as ‘in-between landscapes’. In-between landscapes could take a wide variety of forms: gardens and parks, views out to distant countryside, ‘ruralized’ roads planted with trees, wooded slopes and ravines too steep for building, water meadows and flood plains, urban commons, and what were perceived to be ‘rural’ enclaves, typified by groups of buildings visibly much older than those encompassing them. These landscapes were at once highly modern, in that they were characteristic, indeed well-nigh universal, elements in twentieth-century urban and peri-urban landscapes, and also resistant to modernity in their marginality and, often, ‘left-behindness’. In exploring how and why in-between landscapes mattered so much to many urban people, this chapter demonstrates that ‘the rural’, both as discursive construct and as spatial practice, continued to play a vital role in structuring lived experience in twentieth-century Britain.
Rural Modernity in Britain: Landscape, Literature, Nostalgia
Authors: Bluemel Kristin
Published: January 2024

Rural writers of the 1920s and 1930s bemoaned as they documented the blights upon landscape that Nan Fairbrother assigns to a post-World War II generation. This chapter argues that rural ‘middlebrow’ literature, represented by works of Richard Llewellyn, Mary Webb, Stella Gibbons, A. G. Street, Adrian Bell, H. E. Bates, Flora Thompson, and Francis Brett Young, constitutes a uniquely imaginative and creative response to rural modernity in Britain. It finds hope and wisdom in this literary past, analysing literary methods and cultural impacts of rural writers who confronted industrial landscape, mechanised farming, pylons in the countryside, urban housing in rural areas, and mass motorised leisure during the interwar years.
Seeing like a Quarryman: Landscape, Quarrying, and Competing Visions of Rural England along Hadrian’s Wall, 1930–1960
Authors: Roddy Gareth
Published: January 2024

In the middle decades of the twentieth century sections of Hadrian’s Wall and the surrounding landscape came under the legislative protection of the state. This article examines the debates over the quarrying industry near the villages of Haltwhistle and Greenhead in south-west Northumberland, which was increasingly restricted as the protection of the Wall and its setting developed. Situated near or on the line of the Wall, the quarries became the focus of passionate debates about landscape, employment, community, and the national interest between 1930 and 1960. Bringing together local, regional, and national archives, this article deepens our understanding of the landscape’s transformation by examining the local voices in these debates, which have been overlooked by existing scholarship. It reveals that, from a local perspective, the preservation of the Wall was understood as a process of destructive change in the landscape. The transformation of the landscape brought together landowners, quarry managers, workers, and residents in a coalition that crossed class divisions. The quarrying debates exposed competing visions of rural England, Roman history, and the national interest, and the conflict responded to the changing circumstances of economic depression, war, and the decline of heavy industry.
Building Amenity in Areas of Non-outstanding Natural Beauty in the Southern Pennines
Authors: Navickas Katrina
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines debates between countryside preservationists, landscape architects and utility providers about the meaning of amenity and landscape change in upland England, specifically in the Pennine moorland of south-east Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire in the middle decades of the twentieth century. It examines local public inquiries and policies about the siting of electricity pylons, transmitters, military training grounds and the Pennine Way long distance trail. It argues for a longer definition of rural modernity that stretched back to the technological innovations of the late nineteenth century. It highlights the tensions between local and central committees of the preservationist movement over amenity and the concept of ‘industrial Pennines’.
The Post-war Power Station and the Persistence of an English Landscape Tradition
Authors: Waites Ian
Published: January 2024

This chapter will examine the aesthetics of the design, arrangement and siting of two post-war power stations: West Burton, which was built on the Nottinghamshire-Lincolnshire border between 1961 and 1969, and Didcot in Oxfordshire, which was completed in 1970. It will firstly consider the manner in which West Burton was designed as an attempt to ‘naturalise’ this modern, but otherwise quite alien, development within the surrounding lowland countryside. From there, the chapter will go on to argue that the design of West Burton, and the way it was represented in journals like The Architectural Review was defined by a working awareness of the traditions and principles of eighteenth-century Picturesque theory and of the modernist revival of those ideas – specifically Nikolaus Pevsner’s belief that the aesthetic potential of functional building planning should especially be conditioned by an attention to site and viewpoint. It will then be seen how Didcot was pictorially organised with respect to surrounding historical landscape features, and how this was reflective of a postwar ‘neo-romantic’ notion that past, present, and future could coalesce in the English countryside.
Theoretical Linguistics in Non-University Education
Authors: Corr Alice , Pineda Anna
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces Linguistics in Schools (LiS) as an educational movement and research field, and discusses the place of ‘theoretical linguistics’ (or TLiS) within it. The chapter serves to situate the TLiS project as it is understood in the present book in terms of i) its relationship to the discipline of linguistics (and beyond); and ii) its rationale, as expressed by advocates of incorporating theoretical linguistics into pre-university education. It also considers some wider aspects of implementing TLiS in practice. Insights from the volume’s component chapters are interwoven throughout these discussions. The chapter ends with an outline of the thematic and structural organization of the volume, and offers synopses of the collection’s individual contributions.
Levelling Up the Modern Languages Curriculum through Linguistics in a UK Classroom
Authors: Swainston Janette , Kasstan Jonathan
Published: January 2024

This chapter has two aims: (a) it offers an overview of a pilot project that was designed to introduce linguistics into the ‘Modern Foreign Languages’ (MFL) provision in a sample of UK schools, and (b) it reports on one teacher’s own experiences, observations and conclusions after having delivered on the project for two successive academic years. The pilot - ‘Linguistics in MFL Project’ - is a cross-Higher-Education initiative led by academic linguists who designed a four-session mini-course in Romance and Germanic linguistics for A-level students (16-18 years) in the UK. The course covers foundations of linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics), providing content in English, and activities in the target language. The first author – in their capacity as a an MFL teacher and project participant – reports on the benefits, as they see it, offered by a linguistic-theoretic approach to the teaching and learning of additional languages within the UK-curriculum context, before concluding with how their own teaching ethos and practices have evolved over the course of the pilot. The chapter concludes by highlighting some limitations in the existing curriculum for the delivery of languages provision, and offers some recommendations for change.
Investigating Metre through a Linguistic Lens in English Language Arts
Authors: Keyser Beth R
Published: January 2024

While teaching English, two questions have repeatedly arisen: 1. How does one teach grammar that aligns with students’ linguistic intuitions? 2. How does one teach poetic meter in a way that is consistent, accessible, and instructive? The answer to the first question has been a guide to the second one. This chapter will focus on the latter question by pointing out the limitations of conventional textbook definitions of meter, discussing the ways in which scientific method in linguistics lends itself to helping students understand the difficult task of scanning meter, and describing the ways in which scientific thinking with linguistic theory can be blended in a series of lessons for high school students in an Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition class.
Addressing Language in Secondary Education: Advantages of a Scientific Approach to Grammar Teaching
Authors: Bosque Ignacio , Gallego Ángel J
Published: January 2024

In the Spanish secondary education, first-language teaching is conceived of as a mixture of instrumental skills (writing and reading) and grammar. It is fair to say, though, that the connection between both domains has never been pursued in a harmonic, truly interdisciplinary, fashion. Instrumental techniques are typically associated to normative guidelines and communicative approaches, whereas grammar is seen as a set of mechanical exercises. Here we argue in favor of approaching grammar from a scientific point of view. This does not mean that secondary school students should necessarily become apprentice scientists, but rather that they should get used to describing and analyzing linguistic objects in the same way they are taught to describe and analyze other objects of the world in other courses. We further claim that this scientific take should have an impact on what concepts are taught and how they are trained. We briefly discuss some contemporary concepts that we think could be incorporated in secondary education, as just one possible example of what could be done. We also argue that traditional grammatical exercises should be complemented with problem-raising strategies.
Testing the Pedagogical Application of Competing Linguistic Theories: The Efficacy of Cognitive Construction Grammar for L2 Catalan Learners
Authors: Segura-Llopes Carles , Sentí Andreu , Buendia Sandra Montserrat , Barceló Sergi
Published: January 2024

This chapter inquires into the efficacy of Cognitive Construction Grammar as a base for a pedagogical grammar. Using a focus on form methodology, this study presents a tentative experiment on the Catalan En-Partitive construction carried out in Catalonia in which two different grammatical approaches are compared: a group was instructed following a more traditional and grammatical approach whereas the other group used a learning unit built on Cognitive Construction Grammar. In the case of minoritized languages, as with Catalan, the interference of the dominant language (here, Spanish) causes the vanishing of a construction unique to the minoritized language. This chapter shows the difficulties in the acquisition of a new construction for Catalan L2 (and some L1) speakers (i.e. re-thinking for speaking). Besides, some strategies in the design of future experiments in order to overcome this challenge are provided.
Introduction: ‘Switching Back to Good Old PSYOP’
Authors: Whyte Jeffrey
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the content and themes of the book by situating its historical approach to psychological warfare in relation to contemporary concerns over disinformation, ‘active measures’, and the post-truth era. Prefacing the book’s argument that psychological warfare evolved alongside practices of aerial bombardment, it draws upon Derek Gregory’s notion of the ‘moral economy of bombing’ to introduces the book’s challenge to the claims that psychological warfare represents an objective, humane, manly, and lawful way of war.
Introduction: Current Relevance and Future Potential of South-eastern Europe in Palaeolithic Research
Authors: Ruiz-Redondo Aitor , Davies William
Published: January 2024

The Balkan Peninsula has acted as a crossroads between Asia and Europe throughout human history. Different waves of prehistoric human migration passed through this territory over time (Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, early farmers…). Probably this important role boosted the early archaeological explorations in the area, and, perhaps, is still behind the recent ‘blossoming’ of research projects and key discoveries. Nevertheless, South-eastern Europe was more than a mere ‘corridor’ for some prehistoric groups, who made this area their home. The exceptional nature of a number of sites and discoveries points to this fact. In this introduction, we summarise the history of Palaeolithic research from the early discoveries in the 19th century to the latest breakthroughs. The latest developments and the archaeological potential of this territory anticipate a promising future for Early Prehistoric research in South-eastern Europe.
Lower Palaeolithic Settlement of the Balkans: Evidence from Caves and Open-air Sites
Authors: Mihailović Dušan
Published: January 2024

It is assumed that the Balkan Peninsula may have represented a major migratory corridor and the area where hominin groups initially adapted to the ecological conditions of the temperate climate during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Until recently, these ideas could only be assessed hypothetically, due to the very small number of identified archaeological sites. This situation changed with discoveries of sites in the Lower Danube (Kozarnika, Dealul Guran), Aegean (Kokkinopilos, Marathousa 1, Rodafnidia) and Central Balkan (Balanica Cave Complex) regions, which presented artefacts in stratigraphic contexts, most of them well-dated. In addition to these sites, a large number of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic surface lithic scatters have been recorded in the Central and Southern Balkans. Concentrations of finds were recorded on the highest river terraces and in the vicinity of mineral deposits. Recent research provides preliminary insights into the cultural, demographic and behavioural changes in the Lower Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe, the issues of the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition, and the connections with Anatolia and the Middle East. It has been established that there is great potential for research directed towards the identification of Lower Palaeolithic sites in fluvial and lacustrine geological settings.
The Middle Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe
Authors: Karavanić Ivor , Banda Marko
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews the Middle Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe in light of the results obtained by recent research. A large territory from Slovenia in the north to Greece in the south and from Croatia in the west to Bulgaria and Romania in the east is covered by the chapter. The chronology and characteristics of defined technocomplexes from MIS 7 to MIS 3 are presented and discussed in their functional and environmental context. Examples of these technocomplexes include the so-called South-eastern European (Balkan) Charentian, so-called Micromousterian as both Charentian and a kind of Denticulate Mousterian, Typical Mousterian with Levallois technology and often with bifacial points and other industrial variants that appeared in the region during this period. We primarily consider aspects of technology, typology and stone raw-material procurement in chronological and regional context, but also included are aspects of palaeoecology and other patterns in our interpretations.
Late Pleistocene Hominin Settlement Patterns in the Central Balkans: Šalitrena Pećina, Serbia
Authors: Marín-Arroyo Ana B , Jones Jennifer R , Cristiani Emanuela , Stevens Rhiannon E , Mihailović Dušan , Mihailović Bojana
Published: January 2024

Recent research in the Central Balkans is discovering multiple human occupations previously unknown from the region, revealing its strategical location within Europe for human populations dispersing towards Central and Western Europe during the Pleistocene. Šalitrena Pećina (Serbia) contains evidence of late Neanderthal and early anatomically modern human (AMH) presence during the mid-to-late MIS 3. A Bayesian model of the radiocarbon dates, combined with the zooarchaeological and stable isotope analyses of the macromammals and technological analysis of the bone tools, provides new insight into subsistence strategies achieved by late Neanderthals and Aurignacian and Gravettian groups at the site. The results reveal diverse residential and short-temporal use of the cave by both human species. Bone tools show intensive use of the carcasses consumed for daily tools. The first evidence of Aurignacian and Gravettian bone industries in Serbia are presented here. Carnivores played a significant role after humans left the site. Radiocarbon dates indicate a millennium’s gap between Neanderthal and early AMH groups, and a few millennia between the Aurignacian and the Gravettian groups. Bone collagen δ13C and δ15N isotope values are indicative of a mixed forest and open landscapes near the cave, reflecting a more forested and humid condition during the Mousterian and colder environments during the Gravettian with open landscapes.
Late Pleistocene Human Fossils from East Central and South-eastern Europe
Authors: Janković Ivor , Smith Fred H
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the available human fossil record from the Late Pleistocene of East Central and South-eastern Europe in the context of new research and theoretical perspectives on later human evolution. This region is of particular importance, as many scholars note that the initial anatomically modern migration into Europe most likely would have begun here. This is supported by finds from Romania, Bulgaria and other countries. Further, during the Late Pleistocene two morphologically distinct groups (Neanderthals and anatomically modern Homo sapiens) inhabited Europe, and their relationship to each other (both physical and cultural) has been a subject of debate for a long time. Recent developments in the fields of palaeogenomics add to the previously available biological and cultural datasets and warrant an update of the available hypotheses.
Tenecteplase-associated orolingual angioedema: A case report and literature review
Authors: Pitts Jeffrey K , Burns Dylan M , Patellos Kevin R
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Orolingual angioedema (OA) secondary to administration of thrombolytic therapy is a rare, but serious, known adverse effect. Despite the lack of robust evidence for their use, C1 esterase inhibitors are recommended by guidelines for the treatment of refractory thrombolytic-associated OA. This report highlights the use of a C1 esterase inhibitor in a patient with tenecteplase-associated OA unresolved by antihistamine and corticosteroid therapy.

A 67-year-old white male with a history of hypertension managed with lisinopril presented to the emergency department with acute onset of slurred speech and left-sided hemiparesis. Following workup, an outside hospital’s neurology stroke team suspected an acute infarct and determined the patient to be a candidate for tenecteplase. Approximately 1 hour after tenecteplase administration, the patient began complaining of dyspnea and mild oral angioedema. Immediate interventions for OA management included intravenous therapy with dexamethasone 10 mg, diphenhydramine 25 mg, and famotidine 20 mg. After an additional 30 minutes, the patient’s OA symptoms continued to progress and a C1 esterase inhibitor (Berinert) was administered. Shortly after administration of the C1 esterase inhibitor, the patient’s symptoms continued to worsen, ultimately leading to endotracheal intubation. Following intubation, symptom improvement was noted, and the patient was safely extubated after 30 hours.

Conclusion

Although rare, OA is a potentially life-threatening complication of tenecteplase therapy and requires prompt pharmacological intervention to optimize patient outcomes. Currently, no single agent or treatment algorithm exists that has shown significant efficacy or safety in the setting of thrombolytic-associated OA. Until data are available for C1 esterase inhibitors in this application, these inhibitors should only be considered if there is continued symptom progression after intravenous administration of corticosteroids and antihistamines.