bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan kemampuan awal, pemahaman konsep, dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran daring di SMAN Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Rahmadani Nur , Wardhani Sri , Sumah Astrid Sri Wahyuni
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kemampuan awal, pemahaman konsep dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI dalam pembelajaran daring di SMAN Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini menggunakan uji Pearson product moment. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 74 orang siswa diseluruh kelas XI Science. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa wawancara dan lembar tes. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan awal terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,884 > 0,05 (2) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemahaman konsep terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,648 > 0,05 (3) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan awal dan pemahaman konsep secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Kata kunci: hasil belajar; kemampuan awal; dan pemahaman konsep ABSTRACTRelationship analysis of prior knowledge, concept understanding, and the result of student study in online learning at SMAN South SumateraThis study aims to analyze the relationship between prior knowledge, concept understanding and the result of student study grade of XI in online learning at SMAN South Sumatera. This quantitative descriptive research uses the Pearson product moment test. The sample used amounted to 74 students throughout grade of XI science. The research instrument used in the form of interviews and test sheets. Data were analyzed using normality test and correlation test. The results showed (1) there was a significant relationship between prior knowledge to the result of student study with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a correlation coefficient of 0.884 > 0.05 (2) there was a significant relationship between conceptual understanding and the result of student study with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a correlation coefficient of 0.648 > 0.05 (3) There is a significant relationship between prior knowledge and understanding of concepts together on the result of student study with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Keywords: the result of student study; prior knowledge, and concept understanding
The Effects of Translation Theories on the Assessment of Translations
Authors: KOCABIYIK Hüseyin Selim
Published: April 2022

This study has discussed the effects of translation theories on the assessment of translations. The fundamental argument which as been argued in this study was the fact that having a profound knowledge of translation theories gains more importance when assessing and criticising a translated work rather than the practice of translation. In this research the information about the history of translation has been given as well as the theories that an educator should know before he/she assesses a translated work, and how does the translation theories govern an assessment of translation has been elucidated respectively. The aim of this study is to explicate the effects of translation theories on the criticism, education and assessment of translation. The research model of this study is document analysis. Qualilative research has been carried out in this study rather than quantitative research. The fundamental finding which has been obtained in the conclusion of this study is the fact that it is absolutely mandatory for an educator who will assess a translated work to have a profound knowledge of translation theories.
TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KREDİLERİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ / The Effect of Bank Loans on Economic Growth in Turkey
Authors: COŞKUN Hüseyin , KANDEMİR KULOĞLU Bahar
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada Türkiye özelinde bankaların kullandırdığı özel sektör kredileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1980-2019 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır. Özel sektör kredilerinin büyüme üzerindeki uzun dönem ilişkisinin varlığını test etmek için Johansen eşbütünleşme testi, nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı ve yönünün tespitinde Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada kurulan modele ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen reel GSYİH, özel sektör kredilerini temsilen bankaların özel sektöre kullandırdıkları kredilerin GSYİH içindeki payı ve kontrol değişkenleri olarak sermayeyi temsilen brüt sermaye oluşumunun GSYİH içindeki payı ve işgücünü temsilen çalışan kişi sayısı (milyon kişide) değişkenleri dahil edilmiştir. Bu model çerçevesinde yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre özel sektör kredileri ile ekonomik büyümenin eşbütünleşik olduğu ve aralarında iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir.
PREVALENSI KECACINGAN SALURAN PENCERNAAN PADA PRIMATA DI PUSAT REHABILITASI PRIMATA JAWA
Authors: Siagian Tetty Barunawati , Octavia Diva , Mansur Ida
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAKPopulasi primata baik di penangkaran maupun di alam jumlahnya semakin berkurang. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penyakit kecacingan. Kecacingan sering menginfeksi primata terutama yang di pelihara secara eksitu. Infeksi cacing menimbulkan kesakitan dan ketidaknyamanan pada primata dan dapat menularkan ke manusia (zoonosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis cacing saluran pencernaan dan prevalensinya pada primata di Pusat Rehabilitasi Primata Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan pada 32 ekor primata yang terdiri atas 18 ekor owa jawa, 13 ekor lutung jawa dan satu ekor siamang. Pemeriksaan feses dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan metode natif dan pengapungan. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan tiga ekor primata positif terinfeksi cacing nematoda saluran pencernaan, yaitu satu ekor owa jawa dan dua ekor lutung. Prevalensi kecacingan pada primata sebesar 9,4%. Prevalensi kecacingan masing-masing primata yaitu 3,1% pada owa jawa dan 6,3% pada lutung jawa. Prevalensi kecacingan pada lutung jawa lebih tinggi (15, 4%) dibandingkan dengan owa jawa (5,6%). Tipe telur cacing yang ditemukan adalah telur trichurid. Infeksi cacing tidak ditemukan pada siamang.Kata kunci : kecacingan, prevalensi, primata, trichurid

ABSTRACTPrimate populations both in captivity and in nature are decreasing in number. One of the causes is helminthiasis. Worms often infect primates, especially those kept ex-situ. Worm infections cause pain and discomfort to primates and can infect humans (zoonosis). This study aims to determine the types of intestinal worms and the prevalence of worm infection in primates at the Java Primate Rehabilitation Center. The study was conducted on 32 primates consisting of 18 Javan gibbons, 13 Javan langurs, and one siamang. The qualitative examination of feces using native and flotation methods. The results showed three primates were positively infected with gastrointestinal nematode worms, one Javan gibbon and two langurs. The prevalence of helminthiasis in primates is 9.4%. The frequency of helminthiasis in each primate was 3.1% in Javan gibbons and 6.3% in Javan langurs. The prevalence of helminthiasis in Javan langurs was higher (15.4%) than in Javan gibbons (5.6%). The type of worm eggs found was trichurid eggs. Worm infections were not found in siamang.Key words : helminthiasis, prevalence, primate, Trichur
The Identification of Soil Insect in The Karandangan Natural Tourism Forest
Authors: Rohyani Immy Suci , Sulistiani Yunda
Published: April 2022

Live insects rely on their habitat. Soil serves as a place to live, defense and a source of food for soil insects. Soil insects act as decomposers of organic materials and can be used as indicators of soil fertility and determinants of the stability of an ecosystem. This study aims to identify the types of insects found in the Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park Forest. This research is descriptive exploratory, sampling by purposive sampling with pitfall trap method. The results obtained 18 families 27 genera with the number of individuals as many as 520 individuals. Formicidae had the most number of individuals, namely 297 individuals. The genera with the highest number of individuals were Oechophylla (154), Streblognathus (89), Alphitobius (75), Gryllus (48), Macrotermes (48).
Síndrome de Turner, características fenotípicas e tratamento.
Authors: Dantas Samara , Timóteo Andreza Marcos Bezerra , Oliveira Stephanie Anine dos Santos , Figueiredo Mariana Andrade
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A síndrome de Turner é uma monossomia cromossômica, apresenta apenas uma cópia do cromossomo no cariótipo, neste caso do cromossomo sexual X. é uma anomalia cromossômica cuja origem é a pe
AULAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA COMO POSSIBILIDADES DO LETRAMENTO RACIAL CRÍTICO A PARTIR DE AÇÕES PARA A ESCOLA PÚBLICA.
Authors: Dias Rodrigo Silva , Barros Kelly
Published: April 2022

Segundo dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, em 2019 56,2% da população brasileira se autodeclarava negra, sendo a soma dos pretos e pardos. Esse número pode ser ainda maior, pois são os próprios cidadãos que, a partir do seu conhecimento étnico-racial, se definem como brancos pardos ou pretos, o que, por falta de conhecimento ou receios do preconceito não se reconhecem como negros e negras. Debates sobre as relações étnico-raciais passaram a ser obrigatórias no ambiente escolar, quando a Lei nº 10.693/2003 alterou a Lei n° 9394/1996, tornando obrigatório o ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana nos estabelecimentos de ensino fundamental e médio. Entendendo que as discussões não devam ser realizadas apenas no dia 20 de novembro – Dia da Consciência Negra - e que não podem existir apenas durante as aulas de história, essa pesquisa com cunho bibliográfico tem como objetivo, tendo como embasamento principal as discussões de Ferreira (2012), abordar o letramento racial crítico também nas aulas de línguas, mais especificamente, durante as aulas de língua inglesa e, assim, ajudar na construção de uma Educação Antirracista, temática que faz parte de um recorte da minha pesquisa de mestrado titulada: A velha metáfora ‘eles não aprendem português, quanto mais inglês: aquisição de língua inglesa por parte dos estudantes do ensino médio da escola pública Feira de Santana, um diálogo para as (im)possibilidades. Ancorando nossas discussões em Silva (2007); hooks (2017); Pereira e Lacerda (2019); Ferreira (2014), discutiremos sobre letramento racial e letramento racial crítico, problematizaremos o termo “étnico-racial” e o uso das narrativas autobiográficas como suporte para o letramento racial crítico. A partir dos estudos de Ferreira (2012), no tocante a importância das vozes dos professores(as) de inglês, refletimos sobre a necessidade de substituição da construção eurocêntrica da nossa história pelo ponto de vista dos personagens negros, fundamentais para a luta pela liberdade, como a marisqueira baiana Maria Felipa de Oliveira, que, ao lado dos indígenas, lutou contra a invasão europeia no Brasil. Espera-se que durante a socialização dessa pesquisa, os indivíduos que tenham a possibilidade de assistir, consigam perceber a fundamental importância dessas discussões, e que não sejam apenas pelo simples cumprimento da lei nº 10.639/2003, mas que possibilite aos indivíduos estarem inseridos em um ambiente preparatório para interação crítica diante das temáticas sociais, para que assim sejam mais conscientes e seguros ao buscarem uma justiça social e à suas inserções como cidadãos na sociedade.
Ketika Rumah Tidak Lagi Aman: Merefleksikan Narasi Kekerasan Seksual dalam 2 Samuel 13:1-22 melalui Perspektif Feminis
Authors: Yasiem Bianca Adonia , Nixon Grant
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This article aimed to reflect on sexual violence in the family through the narrative of 2 Samuel 13:1-22. Sexual violence in the family thrives in a patriarchal society structure. This article responded to the issue of gender-based sexual violence by conducting a theological reflection on 2 Samuel 13:1-22 through a feminist perspective. Therefore, this article voices the experiences and perspectives of women on the issue of sexual violence in the family as an effort to strengthen the discourse on the eradication of sexual violence in any form. This study revealed that gender inequality in the structure of a patriarchal society contributes to violence against women. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate for women victims of violence because they are in a powerless position.Abstrak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merefleksikan kekerasan seksual dalam keluarga yang terdapat dalam narasi 2 Samuel 13:1-22. Kekerasan seksual dalam keluarga tumbuh subur dalam struktur masyarakat patriarkis. Artikel ini merespons isu kekerasan seksual berbasis gender dengan melakukan refleksi teologis atas 2 Samuel 13:1-22 melalui perspektif feminis. Oleh karenanya, artikel ini menyuarakan pengalaman dan perspektif perempuan terhadap isu kekerasan seksual dalam keluarga sebagai usaha penguatan diskursus penghapusan kekerasan seksual dalam bentuk apa pun. Melalui kajian ini terungkap bahwa ketidaksetaraan gender dalam struktur masyarakat patriarki menyumbang terjadinya kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan advokasi terhadap perempuan korban kekerasan oleh karena mereka berada dalam posisi yang tidak berdaya.
Implementation of the International Convention Rules Concerning International Civil Aviation on Aircraft Hijacking (Ethiopian Airlines Boeing Case Study 767-300)
Authors: Appludnopsanji Appludnopsanji , Setiyono Joko
Published: April 2022

The hijacking of aircraft is a test in international criminal law. Besides of the fact that international conventions also control state authority, this issue is already present in international conventions, but also allows the State full power to enforce its national laws so that it can impose severe penalties on aircraft hijackers. The questions that form the basis of this legal inquiry are: how is the International Aircraft Hijacking Regulation and how to solve cases of Boeing 767-300 aircraft hijacking by Ethiopian Airlines. The empirical approach used in the drafting of this law is the standard legal approach. The analysis parameters used for this study are descriptive-analytical. The details for this analysis are International Convention Materials and Resources for the Library. The findings of the analysis concluded that the 1963 Tokyo Convention, the Hague Convention, the Montreal Convention, and the 1970 Hague Convention were concerned with the hijacking of aircraft. In the end, the suspects were prosecuted based on Ethiopian state authority as an aircraft registrar.
Legal Protection for Investors in Crowdfunding Services Through Information Technology Offers (Equity Crowdfunding)
Authors: Choirunnisa Novia , Fadilah Nahdlotul
Published: April 2022

The readiness of the community in the era of information technology has opened up opportunities in online businesses such as equity crowdfunding, equity crowdfunding as an alternative capital is increasingly in demand, especially by novice businesses. The Financial Services Authority issues regulations regarding the Equity Crowdfunding transaction model by issuing the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 37 / POJK.04 / 2018. This provides questions for the regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in Indonesian Capital Market Law. The writer in this study would like to examine and analyze the Equity Crowdfunding activities and legal protection for investors, because legal protection is a form of legal certainty. The research method used is a normative juridical types, the problem approach uses the legislation approach and the conceptual approach. The results show that equity crowd funding is a form of new innovation in funding sources. The service mechanism has many similarities with public offering activities in the capital market, only the implementation is simpler. Equity Crowdfunding legal protection for investors who have been registered in the provisions of Chapter 54 paragraph (2) POJK Number 37 / POJK.04 / 2018, providing the latest information is only placed on the organizer's website or website.
ELIGIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE WHEN APPLYING HOME OWNERSHIP CREDIT (KPR) AT THE BANK ACCORDING TO CIVIL LAW
Authors: Yanuar Setyo Laksono Denny
Published: April 2022

Home Ownership Credit (KPR) is an important thing in making it easier for people to have housing for those who have small and medium economic income. Housing loans are one of the Bank's products that are related to the level of demand for housing, in this case following the interest rates that affect housing demand. Therefore, innovation is needed to make it easier for people to have housing. The Bank's innovation is to use electronic signatures as a more efficient form of transaction. This research is a juridical-normative research using a statutory approach. The legal issue that is used as a problem formulation is divided into two, namely whether the electronic signature at the time of submitting a Home Ownership Credit (KPR) at a bank is valid according to civil law and whether the impact of an application for a Home Ownership Credit (KPR) agreement made using an electronic signature. The results of this research are electronic signatures or electronic transactions on applications for Home Ownership Credit (KPR) are basically related to an engagement or a legal relationship in accordance with Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and transactions and the third book of the Civil Code on Engagement. The impact resulting from the change of Signatures in front of Notary Officers to become Electronic Signatures has the same legal force to bind one another in accordance with Law No. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights to Land and objects related to Land and Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, the regulation stipulates that Electronic Signatures are Legitimate according to Civil Law.
Constructing the Maritime State of Indonesia in the Framework of Local Autonomy
Authors: Kamarudin Kamarudin
Published: April 2022

The research aims at examining how sturdy Indonesia’s maritime state is constructed in the framework of local autonomy by analysing maritime state principles in regulations on recently local autonomy realization in Indonesia. The research constitutes a literature review known as normatively legal research in legal studies. Collected legal sources on research topics are qualitatively analysed in three steps, i.e. to firstly systemise, then to explicate, and to finally evaluate the collected legal sources. The results show that a construction of Indonesia maritime state in the framework of local autonomy is enough sturdy. Local autonomy in managing and utilizing the sea of Indonesia as regulated in Act Number 23 of 2014 on Local Governance is basically conducted in provincial territory by the provincial governments. Nevertheless, district and municipal governments still have the authority in managing and utilizing marine sector. The authority to power and control the sea of Indonesia is dominantly on the central government hands, while the authority to manage and utilize the sea is divided to the central government and provincial and district or municipal governments. Therefore, prosperity from the sea can equally be obtained by local communities and all Indonesian people.
Advances of the Nanotechnology in Targeted Nanomedicines for Treatment of Bone Cancers and Diseases
Authors: Mitri Fabio Franceschini
Published: April 2022

The ever-evolving field of nanotechnology has been applied over the years as an amazing potential tool in bone disorders through the development of targeted drug nanosystems. Bone diseases can be referred as any bone condition able to cause morbidity or even mortality to the host. Osteosarcoma has been most investigated condition for management and treatment by nanomedicine, and several nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanospheres, nanodiamonds are being used for drug delivery. Likewise, other bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, bone tuberculosis have received nanotherapy with a large rate of success. The nanomedicine seems to make up a targeting lack by conventional therapy and chemotherapy, besides appointing to a trend of conservative clinical treatment, especially for severe disorders. Additionally, nanomedicine has advanced over the years, therefore, there is a strong need to accelerate its application in bone diseases reducing the mortality rate related to these conditions. This review article provides an overview on the advances of nanotechnology over the last two decades and highlights the pathways of investigations for targeted delivery nanoensembles.
Black Brilliance and Creative Problem Solving in Fugitive Spaces: Advancing the BlackCreate Framework Through a Systematic Review
Authors: Mims Lauren C. , Rubenstein Lisa DaVia , Thomas Jenna
Published: April 2022

Traditional definitions and assessments of creativity often neglect to identify the complexity surrounding Black students’ brilliance, leading to lack of access and funding. Further, even when recognized, Black students are often funneled into programs that do not facilitate positive development of their racial-ethnic identity. Through our systematic review of 155 publications, we developed the BlackCreate Framework to illustrate how effective Black creative educational experiences (BCEEs) create fugitive spaces for creative expression and education. Within these spaces, both societal oppression and community assets are explicitly discussed as a part of the creative process, providing students methods for adaptive coping and for addressing systemic inequities. Given these findings, we advocate for consistent funding and support for fugitive spaces to promote Black students’ creativity.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome a review of gynecological implications and the management of these patients through the presentation of a case report
Authors: Plagens-Rotman Katarzyna , Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna , Merks Piotr , Wróblewska-Seniuk Katarzyna , Mizgier Małgorzata , Jakubek Ewa , Grześkiewicz Samuel , Wójcik Małgorzata , Kędzia Witold
Published: April 2022

Background: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by mutations in STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) gene (OMIM 602216 Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 11) located in the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p.13.3). Case: We report the case of a 4 and ½ year-old female child with a rare Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. She was admitted to the Clinic of Gynaecology, the Faculty of Perinatology and Gynaecology, Chair of Adolescence Gynaecology and Sexology at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, in order to undergo preventive medical examinations. The patient was accompanied by her mother. Age and sex-appropriate development. Age-appropriate dental condition. Gynaecological examination was conducted. No changes were identified through palpation. Normal ultrasound picture. No symptoms of genital mucosa estrogenization, which is typical of the patient’s age. A small amount of vaginal discharge was found. Pap smear was conducted to assess vaginal biocenosis. Lacidobacilli deficiency was found and feminine hygiene products, such as Iladian, were recommended. Melanotic macules around the mouth, typical of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome were identified. Conclusions: Due to the increased cancer risk in patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, more frequent medical and gynaecological examinations are recommended for the girl. It should be noted that the girl’s mother decision to have her daughter examined at such a young age was appropriate.
Minimally invasive surgery in gynecological cancers: update and systematic review
Authors: Scarpelli Elisa , Armano Giulia , Monfardini Luciano , Valenti Alissa , Barresi Giuseppe , De Finis Alessandra , Rotondella Isabella , Scebba Davide , Butera Diana
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In the last decades, the introduction of laparoscopy and, more recently, of robotic surgery, offered new options for surgical treatment also in gynecological malignancies, as an alternative to open surgery. When considering the best surgical treatment option for gynecological malignancies, evidence about safety, feasibility, and oncological outcomes must be taken into account, to offer the best treatment to the patient. The present review aims to provide an updated scenario over the available evidence in the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in gynecological malignancies. Material and methods: An electronic search was performed using the following keywords: ‘minimally invasive surgery’ and ‘gynecology’, ‘minimally invasive surgery’ and ‘endometrial cancer’, ‘minimally invasive surgery’ and ‘ovarian cancer’, ‘minimally invasive surgery’ and ‘cervical cancer’. The agreement about potential relevance was reached by consensus of the researchers and according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and original articles were included in the present review. Results: Fifty-eight studies were considered eligible for the study, 23 studies regarding MIS in endometrial cancer (EC), 19 studies on MIS in ovarian cancer (OC), and 16 studies regarding MIS in cervical cancer (CC). The total of patients enrolled was 180,057, 131,430 in the EC group, 23,774 in the OC groups, and 24,853 in the CC group. Conclusions: According to the available evidence and current clinical practice, MIS is undoubtedly the gold standard for early-stage EC treatment and may represent an acceptable option even in high-risk EC patients. Concerning OC, MIS is a safe and useful tool for staging purposes in advanced-stage disease, and a treatment option only in high volume centres with expert oncologic surgeons. On the contrary, MIS should be abandoned in the context of CC, exception made for well-selected patients, who received adequate counselling about current evidence.
Bacterial causes and antibiotics susceptibility profile of surgical site infection following cesarean section
Authors: Bogdanović Gordana , Cerovac Anis , Cerovac Elmedina , Habek Dubravko , Numanović Fatima , Bećirović Amela , Muračević-Begović Bedrana , Čampara Alma Jahić , Marinović Želimir
Published: April 2022

Backround: Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, identify bacterial agents and determine their antibiotics sensitivity of SSI following cesarean section (CS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women who undervent Misgav-Ladach method CS after which a SSI developed during the period from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla. Results: During the observed period we recorded 3345 deliveries, out of which 946 (28.3%) were by cesarean section, and out of which 50 (5.28%) was with SSI. The most commonly isolated bacteria from SSI were: Escherichia coli; Enterococcus faecalis; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fluoroquinolnes had the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogenes isolated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates is highly resistant to penicilline (100%). Conclusions: The prevalence of SSI following cesarean section was high and Enterococccus faecalis and Escherichia coli was the commonest pathogens isolated.
Inflammatory Stimulation Mediates Nucleus Pulposus Cell Necroptosis Through Mitochondrial Function Disfunction and Oxidative Stress Pathway
Authors: Cao Chen , Chen Songfeng , Song Zongmian , Liu Zhendong , Zhang Meng , Ma Zhuoya , Chen Shulian , Ge Yinghui , Zheng Jia
Published: April 2022

Background: The mutual activation between nucleus pulposus (NP) cells death and inflammation is an important pathogenic factor of intervertebral disc degeneration. Whether inflammation mediates NP cells necroptosis, and its relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress remains unclear. Methods: In this study, 50 ng/mL of TNF-α and 20 ng/mL of IL-1β were used to co-treatment with rat NP cells for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours, then Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were utilized to evaluate the expression level of necroptosis-associated target molecules, such as RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. The results established that with prolongation of TNF-α and IL-1β treatment time, the expression level of necroptosis-associated molecules gradually increased. The 48 hours of TNF-α and IL-1β treatment was selected throughout the following experiments. The RIPK1 specific inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872, MLKL inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology were employed. Results: Under the treatment of TNF-α or IL-1β, administration of Nec-1, GSK872 or NSA notably reduced NP cells death and up-regulated NP cells viability. Consistently, SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RIPK3 (SiRIPK3) or MLKL (SiMLKL) promoted the survival of NP cells. However, SiRIPK1 aggravated NP cells death. Furthermore, after 48 hours of TNF-α and IL-1β treatment, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore enhanced, and oxidative stress level notably elevated. The Nec-1, GSK872 or NSA treatment largely restored the normal mitochondrial function and down-regulated oxidative stress. Conclusions: In summary, RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis play an important role in NP cells death during inflammatory irritation, which might be closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction and up-regulation of oxidative stress.
QSAR based on hybrid optimal descriptors as a tool to predict antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nesměrák Karel , Toropov Andrey , Yildiz Ilkay
Published: April 2022

Background: Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections are still a serious health care problem. Therefore, the development of new drugs for these infections is a constant requirement. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods can assist this development. Methods: The study included 151 structurally diverse compounds with antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Endpoint 1) or the drug-resistant clinical isolate of S. aureus (Endpoint 2). QSARs based on hybrid optimal descriptors were used. Results: The predictive potential of developed models has been checked with three random splits into training, passive training, calibration, and validation sets. The proposed models give satisfactory predictive models for both endpoints examined. Conclusions: The results of the study show the possibility of SMILES-based QSAR in the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of structurally diverse compounds for both endpoints. Although the developed models give satisfactory predictive models for both endpoints examined, splitting has an apparent influence on the statistical quality of the models.
AMPK Signaling Regulates Mitophagy and Mitochondrial ATP Production in Human Trophoblast Cell Line BeWo
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Yun , Clarke Robert , Akala Emmanuel , Yang Peixin , He Bin , Gao Haijun
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial structural and functional defects are present in human placentas affected by pregnancy related disorders, but mitophagy pathways in human trophoblast cells/placental tissues have not been investigated. Methods: In this study, we investigated three major mitophagy pathways mediated by PRKN, FUNDC1, and BNIP3/BNIP3L in response to AMPK activation by AICAR and knockdown of PRKAA1/2 (AKD) in human trophoblast cell line BeWo and the effect of AKD on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Results: Autophagy flux assay demonstrated that AMPK signaling activation stimulates autophagy, evidenced increased LC3II and SQSTM1 protein abundance in the whole cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions, and mitophagy flux assay demonstrated that the activation of AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated but not BNIP3/BNIP3L mediated pathways. The stimulatory regulation of AMPK signaling on mitophagy was confirmed by AKD which reduced the abundance of LC3II, SQSTM1, PRKN, and FUNDC1 proteins, but increased the abundance of BNIP3/BNIP3L proteins. Coincidently, AKD resulted in elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, compared to control BeWo cells. Conclusions: In summary, AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy in human trophoblast cells via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated mitophagy pathways and AMPK regulated mitophagy contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ATP production.
Phytochemical Profiling of Microalgae Euglena tuba and Its Anticancer Activity in Dalton's Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Gupta Swati Prabha , Siddiqi Nikhat Jamal , Khan Haseeb A. , Alrokayan Salman H. , Alhomida Abdullah S. , Singh Rishi Kant , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Sandeep , Acharya Arbind , Sharma Bechan
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Natural phytochemicals are considered safe to use as therapeutic agents. There is a growing trend toward exploring anticancer effects of crude algal extracts or their active ingredients. Euglena tuba, a microalga, contains excellent antioxidant potential. However, the anticancer property of E. tuba has not been explored. This study investigates the chemical profiling as well as antitumor property of methanolic extract of E. tuba (ETME) against Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) cells. Materials and Methods: E. tuba, procured from northern part of India, was extracted in 70% methanol, dried at room temperature, and stored at –20 ∘C for future use. A freshly prepared aqueous solution of ETME of different concentrations was employed into each experiment. The ETME mediated anti-tumor response in Dalton’s lymphoma was evaluated in the inbred populations of BALB/c (H2d) strain of mice of either sex at 8–12 weeks of age. The cytotoxicity of ETME in cancer cells, effects on morphology of cell and nucleus, alteration in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and level of expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, cyt C, Bax and p53) were done using known procedures. Results: The ETME contained high content of total alkaloids (96.02 ± 3.30 mg/100 mg), flavonoids (15.77 ± 2.38 mg/100 mg), carbohydrate (12.71 ± 0.59 mg/100 mg), ascorbic acid (12.48 ± 2.59 mg/100 mg), and phenolics (0.94 ± 0.05 mg/100 mg). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the presence of 23 phytochemicals with known anticancer properties. DL cells treated with ETME exhibited significant and concentration dependent cytotoxicity. Florescent microscopy and flow cytometry of ETME treated DL cells indicated significant repair in cellular morphology and decreased mitochondrial potential, respectively. Western blot analysis displayed up-regulation of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, Cyt-c, p53) and down regulation of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl2) in DL cells treated with ETME. Conclusions: The findings of this study clearly indicated that the anticancer property of ETME was mediated via reduction in mitochondrial potential and induction of apoptotic mechanism. Further studies are warranted to explore the anticancer activities of active ingredients present in this microalga of pharmaceutical importance.
CAR-T Cells Targeting Immune Checkpoint Pathway Players
Authors: Golubovskaya Vita
Published: April 2022

CAR (Chimeric antigen receptor)-T cell therapy has become a very promising type of immunotherapy against hematological cancers. This report is focused on CAR-T cells targeting immune checkpoint proteins expressed on tumor cells. The CD70, CD47, CD80, CD86, B7H3, B7H4, PDL-1, TIGIT CAR-T cells and other CAR-T cells are discussed as an effective approach to deplete tumor cells expressing checkpoint proteins. CAR-T cell therapy targeting checkpoint pathways is a promising therapy to decrease inhibitory signaling pathways. The review highlights future directions and perspectives in CAR-T cells targeting immune checkpoint pathways.
A Systematic Review of the Expression, Signalling and Function of P2 Receptors in Primary Bone Cancer
Authors: Tattersall Luke , Gagui Dan C , Tippett Victoria L , Latif Norain B Ab , Shah Karan M , Gartland Alison
Published: April 2022

Primary bone cancers are rare malignant diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment regimen relies on a combination of surgery (often involving amputation), chemotherapy and radiotherapy with outcomes dependent on localization of the tumour, grade, size and response to chemotherapy. Both treatment options and survival statistics have remained constant over the past 40 years and alternative therapies need to be explored. Purinergic signalling involving the interaction of extracellular nucleotides with P2 receptors has been investigated in numerous cancers with activation or inhibition a topic of debate. To assess whether purinergic signalling could be a viable target in primary bone cancer a systematic review for relevant primary literature published in PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science was performed. Search terms were formulated around three separate distinct topics; expression of P2 receptors in primary bone cancer models, P2 receptor signalling pathways involved and the functional consequences of P2 receptor signalling. Searching identified 30 primary articles after screening and eligibility assessments. This review highlights the diverse expression, signalling pathways and functional roles associated with different P2 receptors in primary bone cancers and provides a systematic summary of which P2 receptors are exciting targets to treat primary bone cancer and its associated symptoms.
Anti-cancer Drug Anlotinib Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Gao Yabiao , Zhu Ping , Wang Xue , Zeng Linzi , Jin Youping , Zhi Xiuling , Yang Huanjun , Zhou Ping
Published: April 2022

Background: Anlotinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has significant anti-cancer effects on breast cancer (BC), lung cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer, but its mechanism has not been investigated in BC. Methods: The cell viability and growth of human non-triple negative BC cell line MCF-7 and triple negative BC cell line MDA-MB-231 with the treatment of anlotinib were tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Ki67 staining. The alteration of genes related to apoptosis and autophagy were investigated by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blots and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Cell apoptosis was valued by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Further, mouse breast tumour cell lines AT-3 cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice, and the effect of anlotinib intragastrically on tumour growth in vivo was examined. Results: We found that anlotinib suppressed the cell viability and depressed Ki67 staining in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Besides, the drug also enhanced cell autophagy and apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which could be rescued by autophagy inhibitors wortmannin (wort) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and BECN1 knockdown. Furthermore, Akt/GSK-3α pathway was inactivated by anlotinib treatment, while rescued by wort, 3-MA and silencing of BECN1 in the MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells. We also found that anlotinib inhibited implanted tumour growth of BC in syngeneic mice. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that anlotinib inhibited breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Anlotinib promoted cell apoptosis and inactivated Akt/GSK-3α pathway of BC cells by inducing cell autophagy. It indicated that anlotinib may be an effective new drug for BC treatment.
The Impact of Digestive Dynamics on the Bioequivalence of Amino Acids in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Selle Peter H. , Macelline Shemil P. , Chrystal Peter V. , Liu Sonia Yun
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this review is to consider the distinct possibility that dietary non-bound and protein-bound amino acids are not bioequivalent in broiler chickens. Usually, with conservative inclusions of a limited number of non-bound (synthetic, crystalline, feed-grade) amino acids in standard broiler diets, bioequivalency would not be an issue. However, reduced-crude protein (CP) broiler diets demand substantial inclusions of an extended range of non-bound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements. A standard diet may contain 5.0 g/kg non-bound amino acids, but a reduced-CP diet may contain up to 50 g/kg and this relative abundance skews the balance of non-bound to protein-bound amino acids and substantial proportions of certain amino acids are present in diets as non-bound entities. Importantly, tangible reductions in dietary CP, for example from 210 to 160 g/kg, usually both compromise broiler growth performance and increase fat deposition. Compromised growth performance is more evident in wheat- than maize-based diets but, paradoxically, fat deposition is more apparent in maize-based diets. The inability of birds to accommodate tangible dietary CP reductions appears to stem partially from the lack of bioequivalency between non-bound and protein-bound amino acids because of the differentials in intestinal uptake rates. Also, reduced-CP broiler diets generate perturbations in apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients which compound the fact that intestinal uptakes of non-bound acid acids are more rapid, and occur more anteriorly in the small intestine, than protein-bound amino acids. The likelihood is that greater proportions of non-bound amino acids transit the enterocytes of the gut mucosa without entering anabolic and/or catabolic pathways to gain entry to the portal circulation. This culminates in post-enteral amino acid imbalances and postprandial oxidation of surplus amino acids which involves deamination of amino acids and elevations in plasma ammonia (NH3) concentrations, but NH3 is inherently toxic and demands detoxification. Excessive deamination coupled with inadequate detoxification could result in ‘ammonia overload’ which would be expected to compromise growth performance. Thus, the hypothesis is that non-bound and protein-bound amino acids are not bioequivalent; moreover, it may be argued that this distinction is being overlooked and is thwarting the development and acceptance of reduced-CP broiler diets.
The influence of electronic acupuncture at a specific frequency in facilitating the passage of NGF through the blood-brain barrier and its effect on learning and memory in MCAO/R rats
Authors: Zhao Yibin , Mao Xuqing , Wang Hao , Gan Lin , Zhang Shanshan , Gong Peng , Lin Xianming
Published: April 2022

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the balance of the internal environment of the brain and strictly controls substance exchange between the brain and blood dynamically but stably. Transient increases in the permeability of the BBB plays an important role in helping macromolecular drugs enter the brain to exert their pharmacological effects. Previous research has revealed that electronic acupuncture (EA) stimulation connecting Baihui (GV20) and Shuigou (GV26) at a specific frequency can enhance the permeability of the BBB at 8 minutes after the intervention and induce the entry of 20 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) into the cerebral cortex, but whether it can also allow drugs to pass the BBB remains unknown. We hypothesized that EA at a specific frequency could open the BBB and induce the entry of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the brain to exert its therapeutic effect. Methods: First, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is adopted and changes in the permeability and structure of the BBB are assessed by measuring both the intensity of Evans blue (EB) staining and the cerebral infarction volume, and by evaluating the ultrastructure of the BBB. Then, a laser spectrometer and immunofluorescence are used to observe entry of NGF into the brain. Finally, the learning and memory ability of rats are assessed and the DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System is applied to assess apoptosis in the hippocampus. Results: Our results showed that, in the first, the BBB was essentially repaired three weeks after MCAO operation. Secondly, Electronic Acupuncture (EA) stimulation at a specific frequency can enhance BBB permeability in the prefrontal cortex and induce NGF uptake by prefrontal neurons. Finally, in the presence of EA stimulation, entry of NGF into the brain promoted learning and memory in rats and inhibited the apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus. Conclusions: In this study, the timing of BBB repair in the MCAO model was determined under pathological conditions and the EA stimulation can induce the entry of NGF into the brain to exert its therapeutic effect. EA could serve as a new strategy for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS), given that EA stimulation at a specific frequency was shown to increase the permeability of the BBB. Further study of the mechanism underlying the opening of the BBB and its timing is needed.
Statin use in older people primary prevention on cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhu Hechen , Ya Ru
Published: April 2022

Background: Evidence on statin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older people needs to be extended and updated, aiming to provide further guidance for clinical practice. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for eligible observational studies comparing statin use vs. no-statin use for primary prevention of CVD in older people (age ≥65 years). The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD)/myocardial infraction (MI), stroke and total CV events. Risk estimates of each relevant outcome were synthesized as a hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using in the random-effects model. Results: Twelve eligible observational studies (n = 1,627,434) were enrolled. The pooled results suggested that statin use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.46–0.63), CVD mortality (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.65), CHD/MI (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–1.00), stroke (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68–0.92) and total CV events (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.85). The association in all-cause mortality still remained obvious at higher ages (≥70 years old, HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44–0.71; ≥75 years old, HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.80; ≥85 years old, HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97), ≥20% (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35–0.62) and <20% diabetic populations (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40–0.64), and ≥50% (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59–0.79) and <50% hypertensive populations (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.88). Conclusions: Statin use was related to a 46%, 49%, 17%, 21% and 25% risk reduction on all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CHD/MI, stroke and total CV events in older patients, respectively. The significant association was also addressed in older patients and ≥75 years old individuals for CVD primary prevention.
Two competing cryoballoon technologies for single shot pulmonary vein isolation: first experiences with the novel system
Authors: Imnadze Guram , Fink Thomas , El Hamriti Mustapha , Bergau Leonard , Braun Martin , Khalaph Moneeb , Sciacca Vanessa , Isgandarova Khuraman , Guckel Denise , Sohns Christian , Sommer Philipp
Published: April 2022

Following its introduction into clinical practice, the cryoballoon (CB) has proved to be an alternative for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). In comparison with the standard radiofrequency procedure, the CB method results in a shorter procedure time and learning curve as well as a higher degree of reproducibility. A new cryoballoon (NCB) was recently introduced on the market. In this review, we addressed the following questions: Is the new system technically similar to the previous one? Is there a difference in terms of periprocedural parameters? Are acute success and complication rates similar? Is the learning curve different?