bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEMBACA GELIAT PENDIDIKAN DAN KEILMUAN DI SPANYOL ISLAM (TAHUN: 756-1494 M.)
Authors: Masruri M. Hadi
Published: January 2019

This paper is about to assert that the triumph of science in the Islamic Spain didn’t only occur in the period following the Umayyad dynasty II (c. 756-1031), but quite the dynasty during the reign of al-Muwahhidun (1078-1214) and reached its peak under the the reign of the Caliph Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur (d. 580 h./1184 M). The intellectual glory of Andalusia marked several things: first, expedition scientists massively in the Umayyad II to the Eastern Islamic world in order to study and acquire as many references to the development of science upon his return to their Islamic Spain; Second, the migration of scientists to Eastern Andalusia happened in al-Muwahhidun dynasty is the transmission of knowledge from the East to the Islamic Spain; and the third, the translation movement in the 12th century and 13rd based in Toledo can be seen is the bridge to the current scientific knowledge of the Arab world to Europe, Islam is encouraged intellectual progress stretching in Andalusia.

Keywords: Intellectual, Academic, Transmission of the expedition scientists.
MEMAHAMI JIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM (UPAYA MENANGKAL TUDUHAN TERORISME DALAM ISLAM)
Authors: Rahman Amri
Published: January 2019

Abstract: This research is aimed at understanding the Islamic perspective of jihad derived from The Holy Quran and hadits of The Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon to him. It is a library research that is classified as expanded qualitative-descriptive research. The research found that Jihad term in the Holy Quran  that means “hard work  “ found in 33 verses. These verses have a broad meaning namely a totally hard work in all aspect of life. Despite it is undeniable that there is a verse using Jihad term that means a physical fighting or hold weapon to combat the enemy. But many other verses using Jihad term that means a hard work in universal meaning. Jihad in the Holy Quran has three meanings, namely: (1) carrying on a battle or combat an enemy,(2) fighting for conquering the devil (syaitan), and (3) trying hard to conquer  our ego. Islamic religion teaches to maintain a peaceful life and prohibit all kind of destruction. So, term of terrorism is not found in Islamic teaching. Jihad is not synonym to terrorism because jihad is not an anarchy action but fully devoted  to gain the bounty of Allah.
Value Creation through Public Debt and Economic Growth of Nigeria
Authors: S.A. Oshadare , S.O. Ashamu , A.N. Raheem , P. Ojeaga , J.A. Ajayi
Published: January 2019

The study examined the effect of value creation through public debt on economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2016 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The variables used in the study are a real gross domestic product, internal debt, external debt and Total debt service of Nigeria. They were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philip Perron test. The result showed that the variables are stationary at first differencing. Co-integration test was also performed and the result revealed the presence of co-integration between public debt and economic growth. The co-integration results show that public debt and economic growth have long run relationship. The findings of the ARDL model via short run model result and long-run model result between public debt and economic growth in Nigeria is that in the short run external debt and internal debt are negatively related to the real gross domestic product but has effect on the economic growth, external debt is negatively related but has no effect to the economic growth. Whereas in the long run model, internal debt and debt service are also negatively related to the real gross domestic product but significant to the economic growth, external debt is positively related but has no effect to the economic growth. The study concluded that public debt and economic growth have long-run relationship, and they are positively related if the government will create the value that citizens desired by being sincere with the loan obtained and use it for the development of the economy rather than channel the funds to their personal benefit.
Facilitating grade 11 students' conceptual understanding of fundamental acid-base models
Authors: YAMAN Fatma , AYAS Alipaşa , ÇALIK Muammer
Published: January 2019

The
purpose of this study was to enhance grade 11 students’ conceptual
understanding of fundamental acid-base models using Predict-Observe-Explain
based animated movies (POE-AM). Twelve grade 11 students participated in the
study. To collect data, the students’ responses to the POE-AM tasks and
interview protocols were used. The findings indicated that the POE-AM tasks
positively improved the students’ conceptual understanding of fundamental
acid-base models and remedied any deficiency identified in pre-interviews
and/or the ‘predict’ stage of the POE strategy. The results also showed that
before implementation the students stated the main parts of acids and bases as
H+ and OH- ions, respectively. After the implementation,
they indicated that the Arrhenius model had the least adequate explanation to
imply features/behaviors of acids and bases whilst the Lewis model did the most
adequate acid-base definition to address their features/behaviors. Moreover,
the study revealed that most of the students had alternative understanding or
only partial understanding at the ‘predict’, but showed somewhat a sound
understanding of these concepts at the ‘observe’ and ‘explain’ stages. The
current study suggests that chemistry teachers should integrate the POE-AM into
their classes to effectively promote student learning.
MatK ve trnH-psbA Barkot Genleri Kullanılarak Bazı Bitki Taksonlarının Moleküler Olarak Sınıflandırılması
Authors: İNAL Behcet , KARACA Mehmet
Published: January 2019

Canlıların sınıflandırılması ve canlı birliklerine
ait sınırların çizilmesi gözleme ve deneye dayalı sistemli bilgi üretmeye
başlanmasıyla birlikte karşılaşılan en karmaşık problemlerden biri olmuştur. Bu
amaçla araştırmacılar birçok kuram ve metot geliştirerek var olan canlı
çeşitliliğini saptamaya çalışmışlardır. Çekirdek kökenli barkot bölgeleri,
plastid kökenli barkot bölgelerine göre çok daha fazla bilgi içermesine karşın,
tek lokus kullanılarak barkotlama yapıldığında, farklı bitki gruplarını
karşılaştırabilmek için yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmamaktadır. Tüm bitki
türlerinde kullanılabilecek tek bir barkot bölgesi henüz mevcut değildir ve bu
nedenle farklı barkot bölgelerinin birlikte kullanılması, türlerin ayırt
edilebilme gücünü arttırabilmektedir. Çalışmanın ana hedefi, bitki moleküler
filogenetiğini konu alan çalışmalarda etkin olarak kullanılabilecek gen, gen
bölgesi ve gen sayısını değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışmada, 15 farklı bitki
ailesine ait toplam 60 bitki türüne ait filogenetik ilişkiyi değerlendirmek
için matK, ve trnH-psbA barkot genler
kullanılarak MAFFT (Multiple Alignment Using Fast Fourier Transform) yazılımı
ile diziler hizalanmış ve Bayesian metodu ile konsensus filogenetik ağaç elde
edilmiştir. Sonuçlar bitki moleküler filogenetik çalışmalarında matK gen dizilerinin trnH-psbA
gen dizilerine göre daha yüksek ardıl olasılık değerli ağaç üretebildiğini
göstermiştir. Ancak daha fazla genlerin çalışması ile olası filogenetik ilişki
daha da iyi bir şekilde tahmin edilebilir.
Madrid, Socialist city. The keys to PSOE’s success in the 1923 general election = Madrid, ciudad socialista. Las claves del triunfo del PSOE en las elecciones generales de 1923
Authors: Miguel Salanova Santiago de
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Las elecciones generales de 1923 representaron el canto de cisne de la política representativa en Madrid durante la etapa de la Restauración. La expresión del voto de la capital española ha sido generalmente analizada en este contexto como un veredicto sobre la cuestión de Marruecos y el asunto de las responsabilidades exigidas tras el desastre de Annual. Sin obviar este detalle y otros relacionados con la presentación de un programa más moderado por parte del PSOE, este artículo indaga en la influencia que el marco urbano y la actuación socialista en el mismo jugaron en el resultado de los comicios. El análisis de la acción política municipal socialista previa a las votaciones permitirá ahondar en esta cuestión y entender el escrutinio final, observado desde una perspectiva socio-espacial micro analítica. Palabras clave: Madrid, socialismo, política municipal, comportamientos electorales.Abstract: The general elections of 1923 represented the swan song of socialism in Madrid during the Restoration period. The tendencies of voting behaviour of the city in this context has been generally analysed as a verdict on the question of Morocco and the issue of responsibilities required after the Annual Disaster. Having in mind this detail and others related to the presentation of a moderate program by the PSOE, this article explores the influence that the urban framework and the socialist performances in it played in the outcome of the elections. The analysis of the socialist municipal political action prior to voting will allow us to delve into this question and understand the results, observed from a micro analytical socio-spatial perspective. Keywords: Madrid, socialism, municipal policy, voting behavior.
La construcción de la identidad de las mujeres de los presos políticos (1959 – 1977) = The construction of the identity of political prisoner´s wives (1959–1977)
Authors: Álvarez Maylín Carlota
Published: January 2019

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende analizar el proceso de construcción de la identidad femenina “mujer de preso”, a través de la correspondencia realizada por las mujeres de los presos políticos, en el marco de la campaña por la amnistía desarrollada durante el franquismo. Se explora este proceso desde la perspectiva de género, que nos permite estudiar la imposición de los roles de la feminidad tradicional sobre estas mujeres, y la Historia de la Cultura Escrita, para comprender el contenido de las cartas de súplica, y los cambios en la identidad “mujer de preso”, femenina y resistente, en torno a la que se referenciaban y compartían una realidad vital común.Palabras clave: mujer de preso, identidad, correspondencia, género.Abstract: This article seeks to analyze the construction process of “prisoner´s wife” identity through the letters written by the political prisoners´ wives, under the campaign for general Amnesty that were developed during the Francoist regime. This objective is approached by using gender perspective, which allows us to study the imposition of traditional gender roles on these women; and from Written Culture History as a way to understand the contents of those letters of pleading, and the “prisoner's wife” identity changes, on which they had a common reference and mutual lived reality.Keywords: prisoner’s wife, identity, correspondence, gender.
La difícil adaptación a los cambios: la Iglesia, Falange y la sociedad española durante el “segundo franquismo” (1960-1975) = The difficult adaptation to changes: the Church, Falange and the Spanish society during the “Second Francoism” (1960-1975)
Authors: Hernández Burgos Claudio
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el proceso de adaptación tanto del régimen como del conjunto de la sociedad a las profundas transformaciones que caracterizaron el “segundo franquismo”. Para ello, apoyándose en fuentes archivísticas de diversa procedencia, prensa y bibliografía relevante, esta investigación adopta una perspectiva centrada en las provincias con el objetivo de evaluar tanto el alcance real de los proyectos del régimen para garantizar su supervivencia, como los cambios en las actitudes y comportamientos de la sociedad española. Los dos primeros apartados examinan la capacidad de las culturas nacionalcatólica y falangista para adecuarse a un nuevo contexto. El tercero, en cambio, explora las heterogéneas y contradictorias respuestas de la sociedad española ante los cambios en los discursos y políticas oficiales. Con ello, se trata de ofrecer una visión más profunda y compleja de la relación entre el Estado y la sociedad en los últimos años de la dictadura franquista.Palabras clave: franquismo, Falange, nacionalcatolicismo, actitudes sociales, provincias.Abstract: This article analyses the process of adaptation of both the regime and the society to the deep transformations which characterized the so called ‘Second Francoism’. To do that, relying on different archival sources, newspapers and relevant literature, this research uses a perspective focused on the provinces to assess both the real scope of Francoist projects to survive and the changing attitudes and behaviour of Spaniards. Sections one and two explores the ability of National-Catholic and Falangist political cultures to adapt themselves to a new environment. Finally, the article explores the Spanish society’s heterogeneous and contradictory responses towards the regime’s discourses and policies. This research aims to provide a deeper and more complex understanding of the relationship between State and people during the last years of Francoist dictatorship.Keywords: Franco’s regime, Falange, National-Catholicism, social attitudes, provinces.
Así también se hace Patria. Fútbol y franquismo en Cataluña y el País Vasco (1939-1977) = That is also nation-building. Football and Francoism in Catalonia and the Basque Country (1939-1977)
Authors: Quiroga Fernández de Soto Alejandro
Published: January 2019

Resumen: El artículo analiza el uso que hizo la dictadura franquista del F. C Barcelona y del Athletic de Bilbao como instituciones deportivas a través de las cuales nacionalizar a catalanes y vascos en preceptos españolistas. A partir de 1939, el F. C. Barcelona y el Athletic de Bilbao fueron reconvertidos en instrumentos de propaganda de un nacionalismo franquista regionalizado en el que catalanes y vascos fueron presentados como colectivos esenciales de la Nueva España. El estudio revisar algunos postulados de la historiografía sobre las identidades nacionales y el fútbol durante el franquismo. En primer lugar, se pone en tela de juicio la idea de que el nacionalismo franquista pretendiera aniquilar todo vestigio de identidades regionales durante los primeros años de la dictadura. En segundo término, el artículo cuestiona la idea de que el mensaje nacionalista franquista fue disminuyendo en intensidad en las últimas décadas de la dictadura, a la vez que aumentaban los nacionalismos catalanes y vascos en los campos del F.C. Barcelona y del Athletic Bilbao respectivamente.Palabras clave: Fútbol, Franquismo, Nacionalismo, Deporte, Identidades regionales.Abstract: This article analyses the Franco dictatorship's uses of F. C. Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao to nationalize Catalans and Basques on Spanish principles. Following the Spanish Civil War, both F. C. Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao were turned into propaganda devices of a regionalized Francoist nationalism where Catalans and Basques were presented as key groups of the 'New Spain'. The article challenges the idea that the Franco regime sought to annihilate all vestiges of regional identities in the first years of the dictatorship. The paper also questions the notion that Francoist nationalism somehow weakened in the last years of the dictatorship, as the display of Catalan and Basque nationalism grew in the stadiums of F. C. Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao.Keywords: Football, Francoism, Nationalism, Sport, Regional identities.
Promouvoir et jouer au football pendant la guerre: La Fédération Internationale de Football Association, les forces de l’Axe et la Deuxième Guerre mondiale = Promocionando y jugando al fútbol durante la Guerra. La Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación, las potencias del Eje y la Segunda Guerra Mundial = Promoting and Playing football during the War. The International Federation of Association Football, the Axis Power and the Second World War
Authors: Vonnard Philippe , Quin Grégory
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Las repercusiones del aumento del totalitarismo en el período de entreguerras y, más precisamente, de la guerra en sí misma en el deporte internacional, ya han sido objeto de estudios detallados, en particular en torno al Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI), pero el fútbol -y en particular la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)- es también un excelente tema de análisis de este "punto de inflexión" en la historia del siglo XX. De hecho, las décadas de 1930 y 1940 fueron décadas clave para comprender los desafíos de la politización del fútbol, para resaltar cómo operaban los líderes deportivos en un contexto ambivalente, pero también para analizar la transformación de la gobernanza de una organización internacional entre los intentos de interferencia impulsados por las potencias del Eje y la "resistencia" orquestada por el secretario general. Así, este artículo pretende cuestionar y analizar la inversión de las potencias del Eje en torno a la FIFA, particularmente a la luz de su actividad continua durante la guerra, utilizando algunos archivos y documentos originales del centro de documentación de la FIFA.Palabras clave: Historia, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Políticas, FIFA, Relaciones Internacionales.Abstract: The repercussions of the rise of totalitarianism in the interwar period and more precisely of the war itself on international sport have already been the subject of detailed studies, particularly around the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but football - and in particular the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) - is also an excellent analyst of this "turning point" in the history of the 20th century. Indeed, the 1930s and 1940s were key decades to understand the challenges of the politicization of football, to highlight how sports leaders operate in an ambivalent context, but also to analyse the transformation of the governance of an international organization between the attempts of interference driven by Axis forces and the "resistance" orchestrated by Secretary General. Thus, this article aims to question and analyse the investment of Axis forces around FIFA, particularly in the light of its continued activity during the war, using some original archives and documents from the FIFA documentation center.Keywords: History, Second World War, Politics, FIFA, International Relations.
La gimnasia artística femenina, del totalitarismo científico al totalitarismo consumista (1952-2018) = Female artistic gymnastics: From scientific totalitarianism to consumerist totalitarianism (1952-2018)
Authors: Plaza Martín Diana
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Por totalitarismos solemos entender un sistema político en el que las libertades son restringidas y el aparato estatal ejercer un poder sin límites. No obstante, para algunos    autores como Pier Paolo Pasolini el totalitarismo también se encuentra en el sistema de consumo del capitalismo avanzado, el cual impone una “homologación estructural” con un poder centralizador y alienante más potente que el de ningún régimen fascista. Esta homogeneización estructural es la ha tenido lugar en la gimnasia artística femenina desde 1996 en adelante con el cambio de las reglas en pos de crear un producto vendible a la televisión.Palabras clave: Totalitarismo, Consumo, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Gimnasia, Espectáculo, Tecnofascismo.Abstract: By "totalitarian" we usually understand a political system in which freedom is restricted and the state apparatus applies power without limits. However, for some authors like Pier Paolo Pasolini and Marcuse, totalitarianism is also found in the consumption system of advanced capitalism, which imposes a "structural homologation" with a centralizing and alienating power, more powerful than any fascist regime. This structural homogenization has occurred in the process of transforming some sports into shows or consumer products, such as women's gymnastics.Keywords: Totalitarian, Consumption, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Gymnastic, Spectacle,Technofascism.
Pedro Rújula y Javier Ramón Solans (eds.): El desafío de la revolución. Reaccionarios, antiliberales y contrarrevolucionarios (siglos XVIII y XIX), Granada, Comares, 2017, 356 páginas
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: January 2019

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Jesús A. Martínez Martín, Los negocios y las letras. El editor Francisco de Paula Mellado (1807-1876), Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2018. 585 páginas
Authors: García Naharro Fernando
Published: January 2019

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Gérard Chastagnaret, Humos y sangre. Protestas en la cuenca de las piritas y masacre en Riotinto (1877-1890). Trad. de María Ángeles Casado Sánchez, Alicante Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant, 2017, 456 páginas
Authors: González Calleja Eduardo
Published: January 2019

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Ángel Viñas, Miguel Ull Laita, Cecilio Yusta Viñas, El primer asesinato de Franco. La muerte del general Balmes y el inicio de la sublevación. Barcelona, Crítica, 2018, 652 páginas
Authors: Egido León Ángeles
Published: January 2019

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Carlos Fuertes Muñoz: Viviendo en dictadura: la evolución de las actitudes sociales hacia el franquismo, Granada, Comares, 2017, 287 páginas
Authors: Martínez López Diego
Published: January 2019

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Sergio Gálvez Biesca, La gran huelga general. El sindicalismo contra la “modernización” socialista, Siglo XXI, Madrid, 2017, 768 páginas
Authors: Vadillo Muñoz Julián
Published: January 2019

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Julio Montero Díaz (dir.), Una televisión con dos cadenas. La programación en España (1956-1990), Madrid, Cátedra, 2018, 874 páginas
Authors: Cervera Gil Javier
Published: January 2019

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Socioeconomic status and orthodontic treatment need based on the Dental Health Component
Authors: Lubis Hilda Fitria , Laturiuw Hilda Paula
Published: January 2019

Background: The dental health component (DHC) is used to assess different malocclusions by evaluating the number of teeth, overjet, overbite and contact points of each tooth. This index is subjectively influenced by socioeconomic factors. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the overview of the socioeconomic status and orthodontic treatment need based on the DHC of State 15 Medan Junior High School students. Methods: This study represented a descriptive research featuring cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study consisted of 100 high school students. This study was conducted by making dental impressions and distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 17.0 software using a descriptive statistical test and presented in a distribution and frequency table. Results: 89% of subjects demonstrated DHC levels of 1-2. 66.3% of subjects with parents of secondary education level had DHC grades 1-2, followed by 31.5% with parents of higher education level and 2.2% with parents of basic education level. The majority of subjects with DHC grades 1-2 had parents occupying class 2 jobs and the lowest number of students had parents holding class 4 jobs. The majority of the subjects with DHC grades 1-2 (77.5%) were of low income parents.  Conclusion: The largest distribution of orthodontic treatment need based on DHC among students of State 15 Junior High School occurred at levels 1-2 which either required or did not require minor orthodontic treatment. The majority of the students with DHC grades 1-2 have parents of secondary education level, a class 2 job and a low monthly income.
Oral lesions as a clinical sign of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Munthe Eliza Kristina M. , Sufiawati Irna
Published: January 2019

Background: Oral lesions represent one of the most important clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with a high degree of clinical variability rendering it difficult to arrive at a prompt and accurate diagnosis. There are many unknown causes and multiple organ systems involved, with the result that permanent organ damage may occur before treatment commences. Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to discuss the importance of recognizing the lesions related to SLE which may help dentists to make an early diagnosis. Case: A 17-year-old female patient was referred by the Internal Medicine Department with a suspected case of SLE. Prior to admittance to the hospital, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis. A subsequent extraoral examination revealed ulceration with a blackish crust on the upper lip. An intraoral examination showed similar ulceration covered with a blackish crust on the labial mucosa accompanied by central erythema in the hard palate. Blood tests indicated decreased levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets, but increased levels of leukocytes. A diagnosis of oral lesions associated with SLE and angioedema was formulated. Case management: The patient was given 1% hydrocortisone and vaseline album for extraoral lesions, while 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was used to treat intraoral lesions. An improvement in the oral lesions manifested itself after two weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Early detection of oral lesions plays a significant role in diagnosing SLE. It is important for the dentist to recognize the presentation of diseases that may be preceded by oral lesions. A multidisciplinary approach and appropriate referrals are necessary to ensure comprehensive medical and dental management of patients with SLE.
RELEVO DO CHAPADÃO DO DIAMANTE, SERRA DA CANASTRA/MG, BRASIL: COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO E ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS ASPECTOS GEOMORFOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Nazar Thallita Isabela Silva Martins , Rodrigues Silvio Carlos
Published: January 2019

O Chapadão do Diamante (ChD) faz parte da Serra da Canastra, localizada na região sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil). É uma área de grande beleza cênica, considerada um monumento geomorfológico de grande exuberância. A área de estudo está localizada dentro de uma unidade de proteção, o Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi classificar as formas de relevo do ChD, usando um Modelo Digital de Terreno Hidrologicamente Consistente. A metodologia é baseada nos pressupostos taxonômicos de Ross (1992), realizada por meio de análise geomorfométrica e mapeamento semi-automatizado, que considera três aspectos principais para a caracterização do relevo: Densidade de Drenagem, Índice de Concentração de Rugosidade e Densidade Topográfica, na escala de apresentação 1: 50.000. Os resultados demonstram uma riqueza de formas de relevo no ChD, que vão desde topos achatados e relevos dissecados a cristas de quartzito, marcadas por numerosos afloramentos rochosos nos setores leste e sul da área de estudo. Os resultados apresentados mostram uma subdivisão do relevo (Mapa de Padrões de Relevo), que pode preencher a lacuna de conhecimento em relação à distribuição e diversidade de formas de relevo no ChD, na escala proposta. Esta contribuição subsidiará a pesquisa geomorfológica na área, tanto no estudo de processos e dinâmicas, como na origem e evolução da paisagem geomorfológica.
TÉCNICAS DE MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO APLICADAS EM ESCALA DE DETALHE
Authors: Souza Alexandre dos Santos , Furrier Max
Published: January 2019

As cartas topográficas com escala de detalhe constituem uma base extraordinária para mapeamentos sistemáticos e desenvolvimento de pesquisas que se dedicam aos estudos geomorfológicos e áreas afins, uma vez que os produtos cartográficos elaborados possibilitam a compreensão de diferentes características físicas do relevo. O presente trabalho, realizado a partir de uma carta topográfica na escala de 1:25.000, localizada na borda oriental do estado da Paraíba, aplica, em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), técnicas de elaboração de mapas físicos, Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) e perfis topográficos, a partir de informações obtidas inicialmente da vetorização manual de todas as curvas de nível e pontos cotados identificados sobre a carta topográfica. Os resultados obtidos expuseram, com escala de detalhe proporcionado pela precisão da carta topográfica, a taxonomia dos diversos padrões de formas do relevo. Os produtos gerados possibilitaram uma visão inédita das formas resultantes da interface entre Geologia e Geomorfologia na configuração do relevo, e corroboram a importância da metodologia empregada para cartografia geomorfológica como subsídio para o estudo do relevo, uma vez que permitiram mapear e caracterizar, com precisão, as discrepâncias altimétricas, a morfologia dos terrenos sedimentares e cristalinos, a rede de drenagem, além das formas que os processos erosivos e deposicionais atuais produzem, como voçorocas, ravinas e planícies fluviais.
COMPARAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE OBTENÇÃO DE SÓLIDOS TOTAIS DISSOLVIDOS NAS ÁGUAS: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA OS ESTUDOS DE DESNUDAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA
Authors: Felippe Miguel Fernandes , Almeida Neto José Oliveira de
Published: January 2019

No domínio tropical, os processos químicos são extremamente importantes para compreender a evolução da paisagem. A água desempenha um papel primordial nesse sentido, participando das reações químicas do intemperismo, removendo material dissolvida dos solos e rochas e transportando-os através do sistema fluvial. Um dos parâmetros mais comumente usados para modelar a denudação geoquímica é o Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos (TDS). Devido ao seu baixo custo, muitos trabalhos em geomorfologia têm utilizado o TDS como forma de alcançar os processos químicos de evolução do relevo, embora poucos deles estejam de fato preocupados com as vantagens e limitações das diversas técnicas existentes para medir o TDS. Este trabalho compara alguns desses procedimentos, mostrando as diferenças das respostas de acordo com a metodologia escolhida. Os resultados mostram que as comparações devem ser feitas com muito cuidado, pois os valores absolutos de TDS para uma mesma amostra, medidos por diferentes técnicas, podem apresentar grande variação.
MORFOGÊNESE DO DIVISOR HIDROGRÁFICO PARANÁ/PARAÍBA DO SUL: O CASO DA SUB-BACIA DO PARAÍBUNA
Authors: Paixão Rodrigo Wagner , Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Freitas Marcelo Motta de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a morfogênese do relevo da borda oeste do Rift Continental do Sudeste do Brasil (RCSB) no divisor hidrográfico Paraná / Paraíba do Sul, localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira. Para tanto, serão realizadas análises morfológicas e morfométricas do relevo em bacias hidrográficas que drenam tanto para o interior do continente sobre o planalto no reverso da Serra da Mantiqueira – Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Grande - quanto para bacias que drenam a frente escarpada da serra em direção ao Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíbuna. Utilizou-se como base para a realização do trabalho o levantamento de informações bibliográficas, análises em ambiente SIG, trabalhos de campo e elaboração de mapas. A análise dos perfis topográficos e longitudinais dos rios indicam a existência de morfologias de relevo planáltico para bacias que drenam a frente escarpada da Serra da Mantiqueira. A amplitude de relevo nas bacias que drenam o planalto interiorano é mais baixa que as bacias que drenam para o RCSB, variando entre 200m e 500m respectivamente. A densidade de knickpoints é maior nas bacias que drenam para o RCSB o que pode ser comprovado pela presença de rupturas no perfil longitudinal dos rios. Os lineamentos estruturais apresentaram orientação preferencial para N50W e N40W, este comportamento também pode ser observado entre as bacias interioranas e do graben do Paraíba do Sul quando analisadas separadamente. A orientação dos canais de drenagem de 1ªe 2ª ordem indicou forte controle estrutural nos rios, uma vez que as orientações preferencias identificadas foram para o quadrante NW, principalmente para os canais associados à sub-bacia do rio Paraíbuna que apresentou N50W como a direção mais representativa. Em termos morfométricos, as taxas máximas e mínimas de SPI apresentaram mudanças significativas nos valores entre as bacias, contudo, o valor médio das bacias se manteve semelhante. De maneira geral, as bacias que drenam para o RCSB apresentam os valores máximos mais elevados em relação às bacias do planalto interiorano. Este comportamento aponta para um maior potencial erosivo nas bacias que drenam frentes escarpadas do que nas bacias situadas nos planaltos superiores com morfologia mais suave. A análise da rede de drenagem demonstrou feições geomorfológicas típicas de anomalias, tais como cotovelos, e capturas fluviais principalmente, nas bacias afluentes da sub-bacia do rio Paraíbuna. Estas feições indicam processos de reorganização fluvial por meio de capturas de drenagem, que ao capturar rio adjacentes, promovem mudança na direção do segmento do rio, formando um cotovelo, bem como, a formação de um divisor rebaixado e um vale superdimensionado. O conjunto de análises aponta para o fato de que os afluentes da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraibuna apresentam maior agressividade no processo de dissecação do relevo do que aqueles que drenam as terras altas da Serra da Mantiqueira em direção ao Rio Grande.
Description and Distribution of Three Criconematid Nematodes from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Munawar Maria , Powers Thomas O. , Tian Zhongling , Harris Timothy , Higgins Rebecca , Zheng Jingwu
Published: January 2019

Populations of Criconemoides parvus, Discocriconemella hengsungica, and Discocriconemella limitanea, isolated in Hangzhou, China from the rhizosphere soil of woody perennials were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphometric data of the Chinese populations were compared with populations from other regions of the world. DNA barcoding with the mitochondrial COI gene confirmed conspecificity of Chinese and Costa Rican populations of D. limitanea. Phylogenetic assessment using a near full-length 18S ribosomal DNA sequence provided weak support for a grouping of Criconemoides parvus from China and C. annulatus from western North America. The phylogenetic position of D. hengsungica from China and an unknown species of Discocriconemella from Thailand relative to D. limitanea suggests that the genus Discocriconemella is not monophyletic. The study provides the first record of D. hengsungica in China and confirms the presence of C. parvus previously reported from China. Biogeographic implications of these nematode distributions are discussed.
Characterization of Meloidogyne indica (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) Parasitizing Neem in India, with a Molecular Phylogeny of the Species
Authors: Phani Victor , Bishnoi Satyapal , Sharma Amita , Davies Keith G. , Rao Uma
Published: January 2019

Neem is a perennial plant of family Meliaceae grown very commonly in India. During a survey in Rajasthan, India; a population of root-knot nematode was found in association with tender neem plants causing yellowing, stunting, and heavy root galling. Inspection of the perineal pattern morphology of the adult females, extracted from the galled roots, primarily led to identification of the species as Meloidogyne indica. Further, detailed morphological and morphometric illustrations of second-stage juveniles, males and females were carried out by light compound and scanning electron microscopy. Gross morphology and measurements were found consistent with the original description of M. indica infecting citrus by Whitehead (1968). The neem population was found to infect and reproduce on citrus. Additionally, evolutionary relationship was deduced by Maximum likelihood method using ITS rRNA, D2D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences showed sufficient divergence of M. indica to be differentiated as a unique species under the genus Meloidogyne.
First Report of Carrot Cyst Nematode Heterodera carotae in Mexico: Morphological, Molecular Characterization, and Host Range Study
Authors: Escobar-Avila Ilia Mariana , López-Villegas Edgar Óliver , Subbotin Sergei A. , Tovar-Soto Alejandro
Published: January 2019

During 2008 to 2016 in several nematological surveys in the Tepeaca Valley, Puebla, Mexico, carrot cyst nematode, Heterodera carotae was found parasitizing carrots, Daucus carota. The nematode was present in 61% of the sampled fields with high population densities, causing severe carrot yield losses in the Tepeaca Valley. The aim of this work was to study morphology, morphometrics, host range, and molecular characterization of the nematode. The morphological and morphometric characterization was made using light and scanning electron microscopy of the second stage juveniles, females, males and cysts, and the host range study, was performed with nine different plants from five families. The molecular identification was made by sequencing and analysing the ITS rRNA and partial COI genes. It was shown that using presently available molecular tools it is not possible to make an accurate differentiation of H. carotae from H. cruciferae. The host range test allowed to distinguish these species from each other. Our study showed that male stylet length is longer for H. carotae compared with that for H. cruciferae. This is an example of importance of combination of several methods for the correct identification of cyst nematodes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. carotae in Mexico.
Short-term Impacts of Tillage and Fertilizer Treatments on Soil and Root Borne Nematodes and Maize Yield in a Fine Textured Cambisol
Authors: Mashavakure N. , Mashingaidze A. B. , Musundire R. , Gandiwa E. , Muposhi V. K. , Thierfelder C. , Nhamo N. , Bere T. , Akhtar S. S.
Published: January 2019

Conservation agriculture (CA) based on the principles of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotation has been the focus of intensive research in recent years. A study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage and fertilizer on the population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes in maize. Three tillage regimes, (i) basin planting, (ii) rip line seeding, and (iii) conventional tillage, were combined with four fertilizer regimes: (i) no-fertilizer, (ii) low fertilizer rate, (iii) medium fertilizer rate, and (iv) high fertilizer rate. The experiment was arranged as a split plot in randomized complete block design, replicated three times with tillage as the main plot factor and fertilizer as the sub-plot factor. The study was conducted on fine-textured Cambisol soils at Chinhoyi University of Technology farm, Zimbabwe, over two cropping seasons between December 2014 and April 2016. Eight plant-parasitic nematode genera were observed belonging to five groups based on their feeding sites: (i) sedentary endoparasites (Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus), (ii) migratory endoparasites (Pratylenchus), (iii) semi-endoparasites (Scutelonema and Helicotylenchus), (iv) ectoparasites (Xiphinema and Trichodorus), and (v) algal, lichen or moss feeders (Tylenchus). In both cropping seasons, semi-endoparasitic nematodes were double under rip line seeding and triple under basin planting compared to conventional tillage. Basin planting had higher plant-parasitic nematode richness than rip line seeding. Nematode densities did not have a measurable effect on maize grain yield. Maize grain yield was higher in rip line seeding (37%) and planting basins (52%) than conventional tillage during 2014/15 cropping season. On the other hand, during 2015/16 cropping season, maize grain yield was 78% and 113% higher in rip line seeding and basin planting, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. The results show that under the environmental and edaphic conditions of this specific study site, semi-endoparasitic nematodes were higher under rip line seeding and basin planting compared to conventional tillage. The authors conclude that (i) plant-parasitic nematode genera exhibited differential responses to different tillage systems but were not affected by fertilizer application, and (ii) in the present study, maize grain yield response under different tillage and fertilizer regimes was overall not related to nematode population density and composition.
Responses of Anastrepha suspensa, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, and Sensitivity of Guava Production to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in Fruit Fly Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Heve William K. , El-Borai Fahiem E. , Johnson Evan G. , Carrillo Daniel , Crow William T. , Duncan Larry W.
Published: January 2019

Caribbean fruit fly, also known as Caribfly or Anastrepha suspensa, is a major tephritid pest of guavas. A virulent entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species was investigated to suppress the fruit-to-soil stages of Caribflies, which are also attacked by the koinobiont parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in south Florida. The main objective was to develop a feasible and cost-effective EPN-application method for integrated pest management (IPM) of Caribfly to improve guava production. Naturally infested guavas were treated with increasing Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infective juvenile (IJ) concentration or rate (0, 25, 50, …, 1,600 IJs cm−2) in field trials to measure the optimum IJ rate and then examine sensitivity of producing guavas to inclusion of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in Caribfly IPM plans. Relative survival of Caribfly in treatments significantly decreased with increasing IJ rate from 0 to 100 IJs cm−2. Similarly, probability of observing large numbers of parasitoid wasps (Diachasmimorpha longicaudata) in EPN treatments significantly declined with increasing IJ rate (0–100 IJs cm−2), even though the non-target effects of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on relative survival of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata could not be determined because of few emerging parasitoid wasps. Optimum suppression (⩾ 60%) of Caribfly was consistently achieved at 100 IJs cm−2 or 17,500 IJs fruit−1. Profitability analysis showed that Heterorhabditis bacteriophora can be included in Caribfly IPM tactics to produce guavas. Costs of EPNs in Caribfly IPM are minimized if Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is strategically applied by spot treatment of fruit. Repayment of costs of EPN-augmentation by spot treatments appears achievable by recovering 5.71% of the annual yield losses (⩾1,963 kg ha−1 ≈ US$ 8,650 ha−1), which are largely due to Caribfly infestation. Hectare-wide EPN-augmentation (or broadcasting) method requires more fruit recovery than the total annual yield losses to repay its high costs. Profitability of guava production in south Florida will not be very sensitive to marginal costs of the spot treatment method, when compared to the field-wide broadcasting of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.
Characterization of Juvenile Stages of Bursaphelenchus crenati Rühm, 1956 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidoidea)
Authors: Ryss Alexander Y. , Polyanina Kristina S.
Published: January 2019

In this study juvenile stages of Bursaphelenchus crenati (Sexdentati group) were distinguished based mainly on the genital primordium structure. Dauer stage juveniles were sampled under elytra of Hylesinus crenatus in galleries in bark of the wilted Fraxinus excelsior in the Voronezh region of Russia and were multiplied in laboratory cultures on the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Individual development included five stages (J1-J4 and adults) separated by molts. The first molt J1 to J2 occurred inside the egg and the J2 was at the hatching stage. Sex of juvenile stages can be identified using the morphology and size of the genital primordia and a body size of nematodes. Sex of juveniles may be identified from the J3 stage by the presence of the cloacal primordium in male juvenile and orientation of the germinal zone of the genital primordium. A tabular key to developmental stages of B. crenati is given. The body grows during molts and within each stage. The body increases rapidly after J3 stage combined with the most active cellular differentiation and elongation of the genital primordium. The dauer juveniles collected from elytra of vector beetles were similar to the third juvenile stage of the propagative generation by genital primordium structure and body size.
Samplings of Millipedes in Japan and Scarab Beetles in Hong Kong result in five new Species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae)
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Herrmann Matthias , Yoshida Kohta , Weiler Christian , Rödelsperger Christian , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: January 2019

The authors describe five new species of Pristionchus from Japan and Hongkong. Scarab beetle samplings in Hongkong identified P. hongkongensis sp. n. and P. neolucani sp. n., representing the first beetle-associated Pristionchus species from China. Surprisingly, samplings of millipedes in Japan revealed a previously unknown association of Pristionchus nematodes with these arthropods. Specifically, the authors found three previously known Pristionchus species, P. arcanus, P. entomophagus, and P. fukushimae on Japanese millipedes. In addition, the authors found three new Pristionchus species on millipedes, which are described as P. riukiariae sp. n., P. degawai sp. n., and P. laevicollis, sp. n., the latter of which was also found on stag beetles. These species are most closely related to P. maxplancki, P. japonicus, and P. quartusdecimus and belong to the pacificus species-complex. The authors describe all species based on morphology, morphometrics, and genome-wide sequence analysis. Mating experiments indicated that all species are reproductively isolated from each other and in contrast to the species of the “pacificus species-complex sensu stricto” they do not form F1 hybrids.
Two nematodes (Nematoda: Diplogastridae, Rhabditidae) from the invasive millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae) on Hachijojima Island in Japan
Authors: Carta L. K. , Thomas W. K. , Meyer-Rochow V. B.
Published: January 2019

Millipedes may cause unexpected damage when they are introduced to new locations, becoming invaders that leave behind their old parasites and predators. Therefore, it was interesting to find numerous rhabditid nematodes within the gut of the invasive phytophagous millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae) from Hachijojima (Japan) in November, 2014. This millipede originated in Taiwan but was discovered in Japan in 1986. The nematodes were identified as juvenile Oscheius rugaoensis (Zhang et al., 2012) Darsouei et al., 2014 (Rhabditidae), and juvenile and adult Mononchoides sp. (Diplogastridae) based on images, morphometrics, and sequences of 18S and 28S rDNA. A novel short 28S sequence of a separate population of Oscheius necromenus SB218 from Australian millipedes was also included in a phylogenetic comparison of what can now be characterized as a species complex of millipede-associated Oscheius. The only other nematode associates of millipedes belong to Rhigonematomorpha and Oxyuridomorpha, two strictly parasitic superorders of nematodes. These nematode identifications represent new geographic and host associations.