bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SSC Graduate Students' Difficulties in Doing Research
Authors: Ocbian Magdalena M. , Gamba Michael P.
Published: March 2016

Research has become an integral part of learning. Thus, students' capabilities of doing research need to be strengthened. The study aimed to determine the difficulties of students at Sorsogon State College, Philippines-School of Graduate Students which may serve as a basis for an intervention program. Respondents in this study are the 93 students who have taken Research Methodology subject at SSC School of Graduate Studies. It utilized the descriptive-developmental research design. Data gathering was primarily done through survey questionnaire and supplemented with unstructured interview and focus group discussion. Descriptive statistics was utilized to summarize the data. Results showed that the respondents encountered much difficulty in conceptualizing a research problem/ title, looking for and reviewing related literature and studies, determining the correct research methodology and procedures to be used, determining the appropriate statistical tools, gathering the data, and analyzing and interpreting the data. Among the factors identified which hinder them from doing research are heavy teaching loads, lack of motivation and commitment, and financial constraints. There are interventions that are proposed to enhance the studentsâ€™ capabilities in conducting quality researches.
A Tracer Study of BEED and BSED Graduates of the Visayas State University, Philippines
Authors: Abela Rosario P. , Cuadra Lijueraj J. , Sapan Mary Jean M.
Published: March 2016

One of the goals of every university is to produce quality graduates. The study was conducted to trace the graduates of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) and Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) from SY 2005-2012. Survey questionnaires were used in gathering the data. Collected data were interpreted through frequencies and percentages. Results showed that there was a high employment rate for BSED and BEED graduates. The reasons why graduates changed their jobs were due to salaries and benefits. There were still unemployed and never-been-employed graduates because of no job opportunities. This implies that there were insufficient job vacancies/positions in the education sector. There should be an increase in salaries and benefits for regular/permanent workers to motivate them to stay on their jobs. The graduates found that the skills and knowledge they obtain from the university were useful to their jobs. Nevertheless, they still suggested further improvements of VSU's curriculum by providing more related trainings/seminars and workshops, adapting K to 12 curriculums, and offering more communication/human-relation-skills courses. Future enrollees in BSED and BEED degrees should be given an oral interview first to determine if they have a strong passion for the profession.
The K to 12 Senior High School Technica-Vocational Livelihood Track is Not at All Ready for Implementation
Authors: Caballero Florencio R. , Cabahug Ruth G.
Published: March 2016

The K to 12 program in the Philippines was enacted into law on May 15, 2013, through Republic Act 10533, otherwise known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. The effort is an act of legislation, putting in place the K to 12 Curriculum, so that the Philippine Basic Education becomes competitive at par with other countries. The Senior High School program is believed to be one of the answers to the country’s issue on the educational system. The study determined the optimal readiness of the three groups of stakeholders, namely: Division of Zamboanga del Sur, Industries, and Community in the implementation of Technical-Vocational Livelihood Track for Senior High School in 2016. The study employed descriptive research design; and used validated survey questionnaires. Results revealed that: 1) in terms of facilities/equipment, the school administrators admitted that they are “not at all ready” in the SHS Technical-Vocational Livelihood Track; and 2) the LGUs and industries are “partially ready” to support the SHS implementation. The study concludes that the K to 12 SHS program is not at all ready for implementation in Zamboanga del Sur. It is recommended that a thorough assessment on the functionalities of facilities and equipment needed for each sub-strand of the TVL Home Economics strand be provided by concerned stakeholders prior to implementation to ensure readiness of the school to offer such strand by academic year 2016. This is also to ensure that development of the required skills among the SHS students will not be sacrificed.
Psychotropic medication use in hospitalized patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Moeller Karen E , Din Amad , Wolfe Macey , Holmes Grant
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Use of medications to treat symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to describe psychotropic medication use in hospitalized patients with BPD and compare with a control group.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on hospitalized patients aged 18-65 years having a diagnosis of BPD and compared them with a control group of patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) without a personality disorder. Patients were excluded from the BPD group if other personality disorders were recorded. Charts were reviewed for demographics and psychotropic medication usage both prior to admission and at discharge.

Results: This study included 165 patients (85 in BPD; 80 in MDD). Prior to admission and upon discharge, patients in the BPD group were prescribed significantly more psychotropic medications than patients with MDD (3.21 vs 2.10; P < .001 and 2.87 vs 2.35; P < .05, respectively). Patients in the BPD group were significantly more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and miscellaneous agents compared with the MDD group. On admission, significantly more BPD patients were prescribed multiple sedative agents (37.6% vs 21.3%; P < .05), but because of the discontinuation of sedative agents, this difference was nonsignificant upon discharge.

Discussion: This study found increased medication utilization among patients with BPD. Polypharmacy may increase the risk of side effects, drug interactions, and drug toxicity for BPD patients. Clinicians need to carefully evaluate the efficacy and risk of medications prescribed in patients with BPD.
New perspective on the transition from flat to steeper subduction in Oaxaca, Mexico, based on seismicity, nonvolcanic tremor, and slow slip
Authors: Fasola Shannon , Brudzinski Michael R. , Ghouse Noorulann , Solada Katharine , Sit Stefany , Cabral‐Cano Enrique , Arciniega‐Ceballos Alejandra , Kelly Nicholas , Jensen Kevin
Published: March 2016

We examine the along‐strike transition from flat to steeper subduction in Oaxaca, Mexico, to provide a better understanding of what controls the slab morphology. Prior studies have suggested the slab tends to tear along the transitions in dip as the slab rolls back. We determine the slab geometry based on local seismicity, nonvolcanic tremor (NVT), and slow slip utilizing a deployment of broadband seismometers and continuous GPS receivers distributed in and around Oaxaca. We construct depth contours of the subducting slab surface down to 100 km, which illustrate that the transition from flat to steeper subduction occurs rapidly via a sharper flexure than previously recognized. The prior catalog of NVT in Oaxaca is extended using the same method and additional stations that extend further west. The band of NVT follows the new slab contours, widening toward the west with the downdip extent gradually moving inland. The amount of NVT also correlates with the strength of an ultraslow‐velocity layer. There are no gaps in seismicity, NVT, or slow slip across the rapid transition in slab dip, further supporting the notion that the slab is not currently torn in the updip region. We propose that the sharp flexure is possible in this region due to bending moment saturation that leads to greater curvature in both the downdip and along‐strike directions. A similar set of observations in southern Peru suggests this is a viable alternative to tearing that accommodates the large strains from variable rates of slab rollback.
Influence of soil frost on the character and degradability of dissolved organic carbon in boreal forest soils
Authors: Panneer Selvam B. , Laudon H. , Guillemette F. , Berggren M.
Published: March 2016

Recent studies suggest that increases in extent and duration of winter soil frost increases dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in boreal riparian soils and connected aquatic systems during the subsequent spring and summer. However, little is known about the impact of frost on DOC character and its degradability. We applied three experimental treatments to riparian soils in northern Sweden—shallow soil frost (insulated), deep soil frost (snow removed) and control plots—to test the effect of different soil frost regimes on the chemical characteristics and degradability of soil DOC. Soil pore water samples were analyzed using excitation‐emission fluorescence (parallel factor analysis) combined with biological and photochemical degradation experiments. We found that the absolute bacterial metabolic rates were significantly lower in samples from the shallow soil frost treatments, compared with the other treatments. Explorative multivariate analyses indicate that increasing soil frost is contributing to increased protein‐like fluorescence and to increased biological degradability of the DOC. Our study shows that decreases in riparian soil frost due to climate warming may not only contribute to decreased riparian DOC concentrations but also lead to shifts in the DOC composition, resulting in decreased biodegradability (yet similar photodegradability) of the DOC that is exported from riparian soils to streams.
Bacterial Fe(II) oxidation distinguished by long‐range correlation in redox potential
Authors: Enright Allison M. L. , Ferris F. Grant
Published: March 2016

The kinetics of bacterial Fe(II) oxidation was investigated 297 m underground at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (near Oskarshamn, Sweden) under steady state groundwater flow conditions in a flow‐through cell containing well‐developed flocculent mats of bacteriogenic iron oxides (BIOS). Pseudo first‐order rate constants of 0.004 min−1 and 0.009 min−1 were obtained for chemical and bacterial Fe(II) oxidation, respectively, based on the 104 min retention time of groundwater in the flow cell, inlet Fe(II) concentration of 21.0 ± 0.5 µm, outlet Fe(II) concentration of 8.5 ± 0.7 µm, as well as constant pH = − log H+ of 7.42 ± 0.01, dissolved O2 concentration of 0.11 ± 0.01 mg/L, and groundwater temperature of 12.4 ± 0.1°C. Redox potential was lower at the BIOS‐free inlet (−135.4 ± 1.16 mV) compared to inside BIOS within the flow cell (−112.6 ± 1.91 mV), consistent with the Nernst relationship and oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Further evaluation of the redox potential time series data using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) revealed power law scaling in the amplitude of fluctuations over increasing intervals of time with significantly different (p < 0.01) DFA α scaling exponents of 1.89 ± 0.03 for BIOS and 1.67 ± 0.06 at the inlet. These α values not only signal the presence of long‐range correlation in the redox potential time series measurements but also distinguish between the slower rate of chemical Fe(II) oxidation at the inlet and faster rate accelerated by FeOB in BIOS.
Educating African American Women Through Job Clubs
Authors: Hodges Traci L. , Isaac‐Savage E. Paulette
Published: March 2016

This chapter focuses on the use of job clubs as an informal learning method of career education for African American women.
Negotiating Boundaries Through Flexibility, Capacity, and Agility in Adult Education
Authors: Nanton Carmela R.
Published: March 2016

This chapter summarizes key convergent, divergent, and transforming forces of adult education. Super‐flexibility is proposed as a postmodern strategy for effective, sustainable negotiated existence in global dynamic contexts.
Impact of HLA‐Mismatch in Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kekre Natasha , Mak Kimberley S. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Binder Moritz , Ishii Kazusa , Brånvall Elsa , Cutler Corey S.
Published: March 2016

The magnitude of risk associated with 9/10 mismatched unrelated donor (MMURD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and that of mismatches at the individual HLA loci remain unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis to assess the difference in clinical outcomes between matched unrelated donor (MUD) and MMURD transplantation. A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase for manuscripts regarding transplantation outcomes in primarily adult patients with hematologic malignancies was performed. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using DerSimonian‐Laird random effects models. A total of 13 studies were included, reporting on 13,446 transplants. 9/10 MMURD transplantation was associated with worse overall survival compared to 10/10 MUD transplantation (pooled HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12–1.45; n = 7 studies). Mismatch at HLA‐A, ‐B, or ‐C was associated with significantly worse overall survival compared to MUD transplantation, while there was no significant difference associated with ‐DQ or ‐DPB1 mismatch. Inferior survival associated with HLA‐DRB1 mismatch could not be ruled out. Data on acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were scarce but favored MUD transplantation. In summary, this meta‐analysis of the available literature favored MUD over MMURD transplantation in hematologic malignancies and further quantifies the risks associated with specific HLA‐allele mismatches. Am. J. Hematol. 91:551–555, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Assembly of Oxindoles Fused with Spiro‐3,4‐dihydropyrans with Three Contiguous Stereocenters Consisting of Vicinal Quaternary Centers
Authors: Vishwanath Manjunatha , Vinayagam Poopathy , Gajulapalli V Pratap Reddy , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: March 2016

Diverse bispiro‐3,4‐dihydropyrans consisting of oxindole moieties with three contiguous chiral centers and vicinal quaternary stereocenters were synthesized with very good yields of up to 92 % and excellent enantioselectivity of up to 99 % ee by using a proline‐derived thiourea organocatalyst.
Application of the relativistic precession model to the accreting milisecond X‐ray pulsar IGR J17511–3057
Authors: Stefanov I. Zh.
Published: March 2016

The observation of a pair of simultaneous twin kHz QPOs in the power density spectrum of a neutron star or a black hole allows its mass‐angular‐momentum relation to be constrained. Situations in which the observed simultaneous pairs are more than one allow the different models of the kHz QPOs to be falsified. Discrepancy between the estimates coming from the different pairs would call the used model into question. In the current paper, the relativistic precession model is applied to the twin kHz QPOs that appear in the light curves of three groups of observations of the accreting millisecond X‐ray pulsar IGR J17511–3057. It was found that the predictions of one of the groups are practically in conflict with the other two. Another interesting result is that the region in which the kHz QPOs have been born is rather broad and extends quite far from the ISCO. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Search for hard lags with intra‐night optical observations of BL Lacertae
Authors: Zhang Y. H. , Xu L. , Li J. C.
Published: March 2016

It is generally believed that the high energy end of synchrotron emission, generated by the most energetic tail of relativistic electrons in the jets, account for the X‐ray emission of high‐energy peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) and the optical emission of intermediate‐energy peaked BL Lac objects (IBLs). It is thus expected that both should show similar variability characteristics. One of the important variability parameters is the inter‐band time lag which probes the acceleration and cooling of relativistic particles responsible for the emission. The switches between soft and hard lags have been detected in the intra‐day X‐ray variability of a few HBLs, which is not the case for the intra‐day optical variability of IBLs yet. We present the results of our intra‐night optical observations for BL Lacertae, aiming at searching for hard lags of its optical variations, performed with the 80 cm telescope in fourteen nights of 2010 September‐November. Intra‐night changes of ∼0.2 mag were detected in most of nights. The intra‐night variability amplitude tends to become larger from red to blue wavelength, and the optical spectrum hardens with increasing brightness. The intra‐night variations correlate between different wavebands, but we did not find significant time lags, either soft or hard. Nevertheless, on November 2, the B band variations showed a sign of lagging the R band ones by 317±214 s. The claim of this hard lag is strongly limited by the photometric precision and time resolution. Therefore, the switches between soft and hard lags of IBLs in the optical bands needs further demonstration with more higher quality observations. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of gene expression for microminipig liver transcriptomes using parallel long‐read technology and short‐read sequencing
Authors: Sakai Chizuka , Iwano Shunsuke , Shimizu Makiko , Onodera Jun , Uchida Masashi , Sakurada Eri , Yamazaki Yuri , Asaoka Yoshiji , Imura Naoko , Uno Yasuhiro , Murayama Norie , Hayashi Ryoji , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Miyamoto Yohei
Published: March 2016

The microminipig is one of the smallest minipigs that has emerged as a possible experimental animal model, because it shares many anatomical and/or physiological similarities with humans, including the coronary artery distribution in the heart, the digestive physiology, the kidney size and its structure, and so on. However, information on gene expression profiles, including those on drug‐metabolizing phase I and II enzymes, in the microminipig is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify transcripts in microminipig livers and to determine gene expression profiles. De novo assembly and expression analyses of microminipig transcripts were conducted with liver samples from three male and three female microminipigs using parallel long‐read and short‐read sequencing technologies. After unique sequences had been automatically aligned by assembling software, the mean contig length of 50843 transcripts was 707 bp. The expression profiles of cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2, 2C, 2E1 and 3A genes in livers in microminipigs were similar to those in humans. Liver carboxylesterase (CES) precursor, liver CES‐like, UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2C1‐like, amine sulfotransferase (SULT)‐like, N‐acetyltransferases (NAT8) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) A2 genes, which are relatively unknown genes in pigs and/or humans, were expressed strongly. Furthermore, no significant gender differences were observed in the gene expression profiles of phase I enzymes, whereas UGT2B17, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, amine SULT‐like, NAT8 and GSTT4 genes were different between males and females among phase II enzyme genes under the present sample conditions. These results provide a foundation for mechanistic studies and the use of microminipigs as model animals for drug development in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In silico evaluation of warfarin–bucolome therapy
Authors: Ohtani Hisakazu , Hakoda Ryoko , Imaoka Ayuko , Akiyoshi Takeshi
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Some reports have suggested that bucolome, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9, is useful for decreasing inter‐patient variation in warfarin clearance. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of the concomitant administration of bucolome and warfarin using an in silico approach. Methods: In vitro data regarding the enzymatic kinetics of (S)‐warfarin and bucolome were collected from the literature. As a validation study, the geometric mean (GM) of the oral unbound clearance of (S)‐warfarin and its inter‐patient variation (assessed using the standard deviation of its natural logarithm (σ)) were predicted using a physiologically based population pharmacokinetic simulator (SimcypTM) and compared with clinical data. The utility of the concomitant administration was evaluated by comparing the GM and σ values predicted under various conditions (the prediction study). Results and Discussion: The σ values in the presence and absence of bucolome were predicted to be 0.73 and 0.68, respectively, suggesting that bucolome might increase the inter‐patient variation, as clinically observed. In the prediction study, the σ value of the bucolome co‐administered group was greater in almost all of the examined conditions. In conclusion, the concomitant administration of bucolome might not be useful for reducing the inter‐patient variation of (S)‐warfarin pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen zur Steifigkeit und Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit dynamisch beanspruchter Betonproben
Authors: von der Haar Christoph , Marx Steffen
Published: March 2016

In dynamisch beanspruchten Betonstrukturen treten Schädigungsprozesse auf, die sich in Abhängigkeit vom Beanspruchungsniveau und von der Lastzyklenzahl entwickeln. Mit der Schädigungsentwicklung nimmt die Steifigkeit des Betons ab, wodurch erwartet wird, dass sie Spannungsumlagerungen auf Bauteilebene hervorruft, welche die Lebensdauer der Bauwerke günstig beeinflusst. Die Messung derartiger Steifigkeitsdegradationen und Spannungsumlagerungen ist bislang in‐situ als auch unter Laborbedingungen nicht gelungen. Es konnte in der Regel lediglich festgestellt werden, dass die reale Lebensdauer größer ist als die rechnerische bzw. Indikatoren wie die Bauteildurchbiegung mit der Lastwechselzahl zunehmen.

Im Gegenzug scheinen Ultraschallmessverfahren für die Beschreibung derartiger Degradationsprozesse gut geeignet zu sein. So wird vermutet, dass anhand von Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen die Steifigkeitsdegradation dynamisch beanspruchter Betonbauteile erfasst werden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Ermüdungsversuche an kleinformatigen Betonproben durchgeführt. Ziel war es, die Steifigkeitsdegradation der Probekörper und die Ergebnisse von Ultraschalllaufzeitmessungen vergleichend gegenüber zu stellen, um Aussagen über deren Korrelation zu treffen sowie Anwendungspotenziale für ein Lebensdauermonitoring zu identifizieren.

Investigations on stiffness and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete under fatigue loads

In dynamically loaded concrete structures damage processes occur which depend on the stress level and the number of applied load cycles. The damage evolution is linked with the stiffness reduction of the concrete. It is expected that the stiffness reduction causes stress redistributions at the component level and affects the service life of the structure favorable. But until now the stiffness reduction and the stress redistribution has not been measured in laboratory tests and in situ successfully. It was only found that the real service life is greater than the calculated one or indicators for the stiffness reduction like the component deflection increases with the number of applied load cycles.

In return ultrasound measurement methods are handled to be well suited for the description of such degradation processes. It is supposed that on the basis of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements the stiffness reduction of dynamically loaded concrete structures can be observed reliable. Against this background, fatigue tests were performed on small‐sized concrete specimens. The aim of the tests was to compare the stiffness reduction of the specimen and the results of ultrasonic transmission measurements to make statements about their correlation and to identify the potential for a lifetime monitoring.
Betrachtungen zur rechnerischen Rissbreite bei frühem und spätem Zwang und bei geometrischen Schwachstellen
Authors: Zahn Franz A. , Wochner Marc
Published: March 2016

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die rechnerischen Rissbreiten bei frühem und bei spätem Zwang verglichen. Insbesondere wird der Fall betrachtet, dass nach einer frühen Rissbildung infolge Abfließens der Hydratationswärme im fortgeschrittenen Betonalter Zwängungen durch Schwinden und/oder Temperatureinflüsse entstehen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die im jungen Betonalter entstandenen Risse zunächst breiter werden, bevor neue Risse infolge späten Zwangs entstehen können, und dass die resultierende Rissbreite dann größer ist, als wenn die Risse ausschließlich durch späten Zwang entstehen. Für die rechnerische Behandlung dieser Problematik wird ein einfaches Rechenverfahren aufgezeigt. Des Weiteren wird auf die Konzentration von zwangsbedingten Rissen in Schwachstellen, z. B. bei Bodenplatten und Decken mit großen Aussparungen, eingegangen und es wird dargestellt, wie für solche Bauteilgeometrien die rechnerische Begrenzung der Rissbreite erfolgen kann.

Considerations of the Crack Width Resulting from Early and from Late Restraints and in Constrained Concrete Members with Locally Reduced Cross Sections

This paper compares the theoretical crack widths resulting from restraints of concrete members occurring early and restraints occurring later. In particular the special case of early restraint cracking due to cooling after hydration followed by later restraints due to shrinkage or ambient temperature changes is considered. It is shown that the cracks that have formed early must widen before new cracks can form at a later stage when the concrete tensile strength has increased to a higher value. The cracks thus become wider than those forming only at the later stage. A simple model is presented for the calculation of crack widths in such situations. Further, the paper discusses the concentration of restraint cracks in portions of concrete members that possess a reduced cross sectional area as in slabs with large openings. It is shown how the crack width control can be effectively achieved in such situations.
Über drei Erscheinungen von Unterschied in der Mathematik
Authors: Friedman Michael
Published: March 2016

On Three Appearances of Difference in Mathematics. This article proposes to examine three types of relations between man and equality, as they are embodied in the relation to the minimal condition of the mathematical: the sentence of identity: I=I. Starting our examination from the current common conception of science and mechanism, we aim to reveal that behind the dominating logic of identity there are two other systems of logic, which have arisen during the history of humanity and that of mathematics. Following Serres, the first one might be revealed during the passage from the Babylonian mathematics to the interaction between Thales and the Greek gnomon. The Babylonian epoch marks an era, in which the logic of sameness operates; logic which offers a place for the mathematician. This era is followed by a science, working under the second logic: the logic of identity, which consecrates an axiomatic definition‐based approach, at the expense of the human being. The third logic looms after the discovery of Gödel's incompleteness theorems: that an undecidable statement can be derived within every arithmetical system. Under this logic, the roles of man and the allegedly mathematical automatic machine become even more intertwined: the newly found logic promises instability not only for man, but also for the machinic‐mathematics.
Mitigation of ammonia inhibition by internal dilution in high‐rate anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate and evidences of microbial community response
Authors: Yun Yeo‐Myeong , Kim Dong‐Hoon , Cho Si‐Kyung , Shin Hang‐Sik , Jung Kyung‐Won , Kim Hyun‐Woo
Published: March 2016

A high‐rate anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate were tested using intermittent continuously stirred tank reactors (iCSTRs) to evaluate how severe ammonia inhibition could be mitigated with internal dilution strategy, and to identify how bacterial and archaeal community respond in genus and species level. Experimental results show that the digestion performance was well maintained up to hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40 days but could not keep steady‐state as HRT decreased to 30 days due to severe free ammonia (FA) inhibition. Coupling internal dilution was the key to relieve the inhibition since it reduced FA concentration as low as 62 mg/L even at HRT 30 days, which corresponds to organic loading rate of 5 g COD/L/d, demonstrating CH4 yield of 0.32 L CH4/g CODadded. It was confirmed that the dilution offers iCTSRs manage severe ammonia inhibition with the balanced community structure between bacteria and archaea in this high‐rate anaerobic digestion. Genus and species level pyrosequencing evidence that FA inhibition to community dynamics of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta is strongly connected to methanogenesis, and Methanosarcina plays a key role in an iCSTR with the dilution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1892–1901. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Political Science, Civic Engagement, and the Wicked Problems of Democracy
Authors: Theis John J.
Published: March 2016

This chapter describes the uncomfortable marriage between political science and civic education and calls for a reformulation of how we engage students in the wicked problems of democracy.
Civic Engagement and Cosmopolitan Leadership
Authors: Harbour Clifford P.
Published: March 2016

This chapter explores the leadership qualities participants identified as pivotal to the development of civic engagement at a large, suburban community college.
The Life‐Design Group: A Case Study Assessment
Authors: Barclay Susan R. , Stoltz Kevin B.
Published: March 2016

The life‐design group (LDG) comprises an intervention designed to aid career specialists in helping groups of individuals work through career problems, transitions, and traumas. In this article, the authors describe the LDG and present case study results for 3 undergraduate students who were struggling with gaining movement in their career trajectories. Results indicated decreases in career uncertainty and indecision and increases in readiness for making academic major and career decisions. Although the LDG originated in a higher education setting, the LDG has application possibilities across the spectrum of career counseling clients.
A Delphi Study and Initial Validation of Counselor Supervision Competencies
Authors: Neuer Colburn Anita A. , Grothaus Tim , Hays Danica G. , Milliken Tammi
Published: March 2016

The authors addressed the lack of supervision training standards for doctoral counseling graduates by developing and validating an initial list of supervision competencies. They used content analysis, Delphi polling, and content validity methods to generate a list, vetted by 2 different panels of supervision experts, of 33 competencies grouped into 5 categories.
Naphthalene‐Functionalized, Photoluminescent Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Bearing Small Counterions
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Zhang Geping , Chen Mengjun , Zhou Shengju , Li Guihua , Wang Xiaolin , Zhu Qingzeng , Li Hongguang , Hao Jingcheng
Published: March 2016

Obtaining π‐conjugated room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is difficult because of the relatively strong π–π interaction among the π‐moieties. Existing strategies by using bulky counterions greatly hindered further property optimization and potential applications of these intriguing functional fluids through simple ion exchange. Herein, four naphthalene‐functionalized, π‐conjugated RTILs with small counterions (Br−) have been facilely synthesized with high yields. Our strategy is to attach branched alkyl chains to the cationic backbone of the target compounds (2 a–d), which effectively tune inter‐ and intramolecular interactions. Compounds 2 a–d have satisfactory thermal stability (up to 300 °C) and low melting points (<−19 °C). Rheological measurements revealed the fluid character of 2 a–d, whose viscosity decrease with the increase of the alkyl chain length and temperature. The presence of the π‐conjugated naphthalene moiety imparts 2 a–d photoluminescent properties in bulk solutions. Moreover, the absence of strong π–π stacking among the naphthalene units in solvent‐free states enables them to be used as a new generation of photoluminescent inks.
Oncogenic MicroRNAs Biogenesis as a Drug Target: Structure–Activity Relationship Studies on New Aminoglycoside Conjugates
Authors: Vo Duc Duy , Tran Thi Phuong Anh , Staedel Cathy , Benhida Rachid , Darfeuille Fabien , Di Giorgio Audrey , Duca Maria
Published: March 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered category of small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers and that the inhibition of these oncogenic miRNAs could find application in the therapy of different types of cancer. Herein, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of new small‐molecule drugs that target oncogenic miRNAs production. In particular, we chose to target two miRNAs (i.e., miRNA‐372 and ‐373) implicated in various types of cancer, such as gastric cancer. Their precursors (pre‐miRNAs) are overexpressed in cancer cells and lead to mature miRNAs after cleavage of their stem‐loop structure by the enzyme Dicer in the cytoplasm. Some of the newly synthesized conjugates can inhibit Dicer processing of the targeted pre‐miRNAs in vitro with increased efficacy relative to our previous results (D.D. Vo et al., ACS Chem. Biol. 2014, 9, 711–721) and, more importantly, to inhibit proliferations of adenocarcinoma gastric cancer (AGS) cells overexpressing these miRNAs, thus representing promising leads for future drug development.
Alcohol Dimer is Requisite to Form an Alkyl Oxonium Ion in the Proton Transfer of a Strong (Photo)Acid to Alcohol
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Lee Young Min , Kwac Kijeong , Jung Yousung , Kwon Oh‐Hoon
Published: March 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Oh‐Hoon Kwon at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology and the Institute for Basic Science in Ulsan. The image depicts a two‐pan balance representing the enhancement of an alcohol's basicity by hydrogen‐bonded clustering, as investigated by time‐resolved fluorescence quenching of a strong Brønsted photoacid. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201503948.
Preparation of nanocrystalline Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with the microemulsion method for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Shiraz Mohammad Hossein Aboonasr , Rezaei Mehran , Meshkani Fereshteh
Published: March 2016

Mesoporous nanocrystalline nickel‐alumina catalysts with high surface area were prepared by a microemulsion (ME) method and were employed in methane reforming with carbon dioxide for syngas production. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis (BET), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the catalysts possessed mesoporous structure with high surface area (> 250 m2 · g−1) and small crystallite size (∼5 nm). The catalytic results revealed high activity and stability for the prepared catalysts. In addition, the effect of feed ratio and GHSV on catalytic performance was investigated.
Self‐Assembly/Disassembly of Nanostructures Confers “Off/On” Signal for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Cui Yusi , Du Wei , Liang Gaolin
Published: March 2016

Molecular imaging (MI) plays an important role in both clinical diagnosis and laboratorial research. Developing a “smart” strategy with higher sensitivity for more precise imaging is of great significance but remains challenging. If employed for MI, the self‐assembly/disassembly of nanostructures carries five characteristic superiorities in its specific response to a physiological environment: lower toxicity, longer circulating time, higher imaging efficiency, higher signal‐to‐noise ratio, and ease of functionalization. This review focuses on recent approaches involving the self‐assembly/disassembly of nanostructures for the MI of biological events by using different modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, plasmonic and photoacoustic imaging). We envision that by incorporating multiple imaging modes to the monomer/nanostructures for self‐assembly/disassembly, researchers should be able to use this “smart” system for more precise MI in the near future.
Dendrimeric Sulfanyl Porphyrazines: Synthesis, Physico‐Chemical Characterization, and Biological Activity for Potential Applications in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Lijewski Sebastian , Falkowski Michal , Piskorz Jaroslaw , Szczolko Wojciech , Sobotta Lukasz , Stolarska Magdalena , Popenda Lukasz , Jurga Stefan , Konopka Krystyna , Düzgüneş Nejat , Mielcarek Jadwiga , Goslinski Tomasz
Published: March 2016

Sulfanyl porphyrazines substituted at their periphery with different dendrimeric moieties up to their first generation were synthesized and characterized by photochemical and biological methods. The presence of a dendrimeric periphery enhanced the spectral properties of the porphyrazines studied. The singlet‐oxygen‐generation quantum yield of the obtained macrocycles ranged from 0.02 to 0.20 and was strongly dependent on the symmetry of the compounds and the terminal groups of the dendritic outer shell. The in vitro biological effects of three most promising tribenzoporphyrazines were examined; the results indicated their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from the tongue. The highest photocytotoxicity was found for sulfanyl tribenzoporphyrazine that possessed 4‐[3,5‐di(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]butyl substituents with nanomolar IC50 values at 10 and 42 nm against CAL 27 and HSC‐3 cell lines, respectively.
Experimental icing affects growth, mortality, and flowering in a high Arctic dwarf shrub
Authors: Milner Jos M. , Varpe Øystein , van der Wal René , Hansen Brage Bremset
Published: February 2016

Effects of climate change are predicted to be greatest at high latitudes, with more pronounced warming in winter than summer. Extreme mid‐winter warm spells and heavy rain‐on‐snow events are already increasing in frequency in the Arctic, with implications for snow‐pack and ground‐ice formation. These may in turn affect key components of Arctic ecosystems. However, the fitness consequences of extreme winter weather events for tundra plants are not well understood, especially in the high Arctic. We simulated an extreme mid‐winter rain‐on‐snow event at a field site in high Arctic Svalbard (78°N) by experimentally encasing tundra vegetation in ice. After the subsequent growing season, we measured the effects of icing on growth and fitness indices in the common tundra plant, Arctic bell‐heather (Cassiope tetragona). The suitability of this species for retrospective growth analysis enabled us to compare shoot growth in pre and postmanipulation years in icing treatment and control plants, as well as shoot survival and flowering. Plants from icing treatment plots had higher shoot mortality and lower flowering success than controls. At the individual sample level, heavily flowering plants invested less in shoot growth than nonflowering plants, while shoot growth was positively related to the degree of shoot mortality. Therefore, contrary to expectation, undamaged shoots showed enhanced growth in ice treatment plants. This suggests that following damage, aboveground resources were allocated to the few remaining undamaged meristems. The enhanced shoot growth measured in our icing treatment plants has implications for climate studies based on retrospective analyses ofCassiope. As shoot growth in this species responds positively to summer warming, it also highlights a potentially complex interaction between summer and winter conditions. By documenting strong effects of icing on growth and reproduction of a widespread tundra plant, our study contributes to an understanding of Arctic plant responses to projected changes in winter climatic conditions.
Rural social–ecological systems navigating institutional transitions: case study from transylvania (romania)
Authors: Hartel Tibor , Olga réti Kinga , Craioveanu Cristina , Gallé Róbert , Popa Răzvan , Ioniţă Alina , Demeter László , Rákosy László , Czúcz Bálint
Published: March 2016

Traditional rural social–ecological systems (SES) share many features which are crucial for sustainable development. Eastern European countries such as Romania, are still rich in traditional cultural landscapes. However, these landscapes are increasingly under internal (e.g., people's aspirations toward western socioeconomic ideals) and external (institutional changes, globalization of the commodity market, connectivity with other cultures) pressures. Therefore, understanding the ways how traditional SES navigated past and more recent changes is of crucial importance in getting insights about the future trajectory of these systems. Here, we present the rural SES from the Saxon region of Transylvania through the lens of institutional transitions which happened in the past century in this region. We show that the rural SES went through episodic collapses and renewals, their cyclic dynamic being related to the episodic changes of the higher level formal institutions. These episodic collapses and renewals created a social–ecological momentum for the sustainability of these SES. While we recognize that policy effectiveness depends on institutional stability (and institutions are unstable and prone to collapses), maintaining those social–ecological system properties which can assure navigation of societies through the challenges imposed by global changes should be in the heart of every governance system. Such properties includes wide extent of native vegetation, fertile soils, wide range of provisioning ecosystem services, genuine links between people and landscapes and knowledge about the social–ecological systems. These features could provide important capitals and memory elements for the (re)emergence of social–ecological systems (old or new).
Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Glycofused Tricyclic Derivatives of Amyloid β‐Peptide Ligands
Authors: D'Orazio Giuseppe , Colombo Laura , Salmona Mario , La Ferla Barbara
Published: March 2016

Fluorescent glycofused tricyclic compounds were synthesized through the domino conjugate oxa‐Michael addition/aldol condensation of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes with protected 3‐oxoglucal by exploiting activation with an organocatalyst. Stereoselectivity was obtained by using (R)‐(+)‐α,α‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol trimethylsilyl ether as the catalyst. All synthesized compounds presented good optical properties. All compounds were able to bind to synthetic amyloid β 1–42 peptide aggregates and to label amyloid plaques from brain sections of transgenic mice affected with Alzheimer's disease with staining properties comparable to thioflavin T.
Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large‐scale historical oyster bed harvesting
Authors: Brandon Christine M. , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Orton Philip M. , Donnelly Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2016

Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave‐derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor‐to‐intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off‐shore of our field sites by between 30% and 200%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Naringenin on Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Lead Acetate Administered Rats
Authors: Ozkaya Ahmet , Sahin Zafer , Dag Uzeyir , Ozkaraca Mustafa
Published: March 2016

Lead has several adverse effects on the body due to one of the environmental pollutants. We aimed to determine the effects of naringenin on the oxidative stress and the hepatic damage against lead acetate treatment in the liver of male rats. Naringenin was administered by orogastric gavage (50 mg/kg) and lead acetate was given as daily 500 parts per million in drinking water for 4 weeks. Lead and antioxidant activities were measured, and histopathological evaluation was performed in the liver. Lead concentrations, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant activity were restored by the naringenin. The grade of necrosis, hydropic degeneration, and hepatic cord disorganization was decreased by the naringenin. However, there were no differences in the degree of sinusoidal congestion, hepatic steatosis, and capsular fibrosis between lead acetate and naringenin + lead acetate groups. We can suggest that naringenin has antioxidant and chelating effects in the liver. Nevertheless, this effect is not enough against the lead acetate induced hepatic injury.
Autoparatopisms of Quasigroups and Latin Squares
Authors: Mendis Mahamendige Jayama Lalani , Wanless Ian M.
Published: March 2016

Paratopism is a well‐known action of the wreath product on Latin squares of order n. A paratopism that maps a Latin square to itself is an autoparatopism of that Latin square. Let Par(n) denote the set of paratopisms that are an autoparatopism of at least one Latin square of order n. We prove a number of general properties of autoparatopisms. Applying these results, we determine Par(n) for . We also study the proportion of all paratopisms that are in Par(n) as .
Emotional Intelligence and Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy: Mediating Roles of Goal Commitment and Professional Commitment
Authors: Jiang Zhou
Published: March 2016

This study is the first to examine the mechanism of the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) and the moderating role of gender in relevant mechanisms. Analyses of 185 Chinese university students showed that EI could influence CDMSE through goal commitment (GC) and professional commitment, and male students exhibited a stronger relationship between EI and GC compared with female students. This study introduces a new perspective for career development research by establishing a mediation‐based emotion–career framework and provides deeper insights for career counselors to assist clients in career decision processes.