bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of phenylethanoid glycosides in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers and its effect on anti-hypoxia activity
Authors: Zhou Fei , Zhao Yajing , Li Maiquan , Xu Tao , Zhang Liuquan , Lu Baiyi , Wu Xiaodan , Ge Zhiwei
Published: August 2017

This study was aimed at investigating the chemical stability (the thermal, light and pH stability) of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers, identifying the degradation products of acteoside and salidroside (major PhGs in O. fragrans flowers) by UPLC–QTOF–MS and studying the anti-hypoxia activity of PhGs after degradation. The degradation of PhGs followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant of acteoside (4.3 to 203.4 × 10−3 day−1) was higher than that of salidroside (3.9 to 33.3 × 10−3 day−1) in O. fragrans flowers. Salidroside was mainly hydrolyzed to tyrosol during storage, and the degradation products of acteoside were verbasoside, caffeic acid, isoacteoside, etc. In a model of cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia in PC12 cells, the anti-hypoxia ability of PhGs decreased after degradation, which resulted from the reduction of PhGs contents. Particularly, caffeic acid exhibited stronger anti-hypoxia ability than acteoside and could slightly increase the anti-hypoxia ability of degraded acteoside. The results revealed that high temperature, high pH and light exposure caused PhGs degradation, and thus the anti-hypoxia ability of PhGs reduced.
Side-effects of pesticides on the generalist endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Cruz Ricardo Alcántara-de la , Zanuncio José Cola , Lacerda Mabio Chrisley , Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Fernandes Flávio Lemes , Tavares Wagner de Souza , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Sediyama Carlos Sigueyuki
Published: August 2017

New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha−1, respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3–5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.
The full annual carbon balance of a subtropical coniferous plantation is highly sensitive to autumn precipitation
Authors: Xu Mingjie , Wang Huimin , Wen Xuefa , Zhang Tao , Di Yuebao , Wang Yidong , Wang Jianlei , Cheng Chuanpeng , Zhang Wenjiang
Published: August 2017

Deep understanding of the effects of precipitation on carbon budgets is essential to assess the carbon balance accurately and can help predict potential variation within the global change context. Therefore, we addressed this issue by analyzing twelve years (2003–2014) of observations of carbon fluxes and their corresponding temperature and precipitation data in a subtropical coniferous plantation at the Qianyanzhou (QYZ) site, southern China. During the observation years, this coniferous ecosystem experienced four cold springs whose effects on the carbon budgets were relatively clear based on previous studies. To unravel the effects of temperature and precipitation, the effects of autumn precipitation were examined by grouping the data into two pools based on whether the years experienced cold springs. The results indicated that precipitation in autumn can accelerate the gross primary productivity (GPP) of the following year. Meanwhile, divergent effects of precipitation on ecosystem respiration (Re) were found. Autumn precipitation was found to enhance Re in normal years but the same regulation was not found in the cold-spring years. These results suggested that for long-term predictions of carbon balance in global climate change projections, the effects of precipitation must be considered to better constrain the uncertainties associated with the estimation.
Both p62/SQSTM1-HDAC6-dependent autophagy and the aggresome pathway mediate CDK1 degradation in human breast cancer
Authors: Galindo-Moreno María , Giráldez Servando , Sáez Carmen , Japón Miguel Á. , Tortolero Maria , Romero Francisco
Published: August 2017

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is the central mammalian regulator of cell proliferation and a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer. In fact, CDK1 inhibition downregulates survival and induces apoptosis. Due to its essential role, CDK1 expression and activity are strictly controlled at various levels. We previously described that CDK1 stability is also regulated and that SCF(βTrCP) ubiquitinates CDK1, which is degraded via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, in breast tumors from patients, we found a negative correlation between CDK1 accumulation and βTrCP levels, and a positive correlation with the degree of tumor malignancy. This prompted us to study the molecular mechanism involved in CDK1 clearance. In this report, we determine that both chemotherapeutic agents and proteolytic stress induce CDK1 degradation in human breast cancer MCF7 cells through p62/HDAC6-mediated selective autophagy. On the one hand, CDK1 binds to p62/SQSTM1-LC3 and, on the other hand, it interacts with HDAC6. Both complexes are dependent on the presence of an intact βTrCP-binding motif on CDK1. Furthermore, we also show that CDK1 is recruited to aggresomes in response to proteasome inhibition for an extended period. We propose CDK1 clearance as a potential predictive biomarker of antitumor treatment efficacy.
Dynamic cell responses in Thermoanaerobacterium sp. under hyperosmotic stress
Authors: Zhu Muzi , Fan Wudi , Cha Yaping , Yang Xiaofeng , Lai Zhicheng , Li Shuang , Wang Xiaoning
Published: August 2017

As a nongenetic engineering technique, adaptive evolution is an effective and easy-to-operate approach to strain improvement. In this work, a commercial Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27/Δldh-G58 was successfully isolated via sequential batch fermentation with step-increased carbon concentrations. Mutants were isolated under selective high osmotic pressures for 58 passages. The evolved isolate rapidly catabolized sugars at high concentrations and subsequently produced ethanol with good yield. A 1.6-fold improvement of ethanol production was achieved in a medium containing 120 g/L of carbon substrate using the evolved strain, compared to the start strain. The analysis of transcriptome and intracellular solute pools suggested that the adaptive evolution altered the synthesis of some compatible solutes and activated the DNA repair system in the two Thermoanaerobacterium sp. evolved strains. Overall, the results indicated the potential of adaptive evolution as a simple and effective tool for the modification and optimization of industrial microorganisms.
Similarity of morphological composition and developmental patterning in paired fins of the elephant shark
Authors: Riley Cyrena , Cloutier Richard , Grogan Eileen D.
Published: August 2017

Jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes, have two sets of paired appendages, pectoral and pelvic fins in fishes and fore- and hindlimbs in tetrapods. As for paired limbs, paired fins are purported serial homologues, and the advent of pelvic fins has been hypothesized to have resulted from a duplication of the developmental mechanisms present in the pectoral fins, but re-iterated at a posterior location. Developmental similarity of gene expression between pectoral and pelvic fins has been documented in chondrichthyans, but a detailed morphological description of the progression of paired fin development for this group is still lacking. We studied paired fin development in an ontogenetic series of a phylogenetically basal chondrichthyan, the elephant shark Callorhinchus milii. A strong similarity in the morphology and progression of chondrification between the pectoral and pelvic fins was found, which could be interpretated as further evidence of serial homology in paired fins, that could have arisen by duplication. Furthermore, this high degree of morphological and developmental similarity suggests the presence of morphological and developmental modules within paired fins, as observed in paired limbs. This is the first time morphological and developmental modules are described for the paired fins of chimaeras.
Increased Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Thromboembolism in Patients with Severe Psoriasis: a Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Rhee Tae-Min , Lee Ji Hyun , Choi Eue-Keun , Han Kyung-Do , Lee HyunJung , Park Chan Soon , Hwang Doyeon , Lee So-Ryoung , Lim Woo-Hyun , Kang Si-Hyuck , Cha Myung-Jin , Cho Youngjin , Oh Il-Young , Oh Seil
Published: August 2017

Psoriasis increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolic events (TE). There is limited information on the effect of psoriasis severity on AF and TE. In this study, psoriasis patients were enrolled from the Korean National Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2004–2008). Diagnosis and disease severity were determined from claims data. Newly diagnosed non-valvular AF and TE were identified during a 9.6-year follow-up. The effect of psoriasis severity on AF and TE was evaluated. We identified 13,385 psoriasis patients (1,947 with severe psoriasis). Severe psoriasis significantly increased the risk of AF (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadjust] 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.82], p = 0.002) and TE (HRadjust 1.26 [95% CI 1.07–1.47], p = 0.005); mild psoriasis did not show any significant effects. Results were similar after propensity-score matching. Risk increments of AF and TE were prominent in patients with greater cardiovascular risk. A possible limitation of our study is that it has a retrospective design, and the effect of unmeasured confounders and risk of misclassification could bias the results. To conclude, our results showed that severe, but not mild, psoriasis significantly increased AF and TE risk. AF surveillance and active stroke prevention would be beneficial in such cases.
The pterygomaxillary junction: An imaging study for surgical information of LeFort I osteotomy
Authors: Chin Yen-Po , Leno Maria Belen , Dumrongwongsiri Sarayuth , Chung Kyung Hoon , Lin Hsiu-Hsia , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: August 2017

Maxillary osteotomy is a common surgical procedure and often involves separation of the pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ), which is a “blinded” procedure with inherent risks. Knowledge of the PMJ structure is essential. It remains unclear whether patients with different facial types have different PMJ structures, or different surgical outcome. This study evaluated the computed tomographic images of 283 consecutive patients who received orthognathic surgery. Patients were classified into Angle class I, II, III and cleft lip/palate groups. The results showed that the PMJ was 5.1 ± 1.4 mm in thickness, 9.7 ± 1.7 mm in width, and 102.0 ± 4.0 degrees relative to the sagittal plane in the level of posterior nasal spine. There were no statistically significant differences in these measurements among the groups. The class III group demonstrated significantly smaller angle relative to the maxillary occlusal plane. The cleft group showed significantly longer vertical distance between the posterior nasal spine and the lower border of PMJ, shorter distance between the second molar and PMJ, and longer distance between the descending palatine artery and PMJ. With regard to postoperative outcome, the cleft group showed higher incidence of pterygoid plate fracture. The results in this study provide additional surgical anatomic information.
First genome report and analysis of chicken H7N9 influenza viruses with poly-basic amino acids insertion in the hemagglutinin cleavage site
Authors: Chen Jidang , Zhang Jipei , Zhu Wanjun , Zhang Yishan , Tan Hualong , Liu Minfang , Cai Mingsheng , Shen Jiaren , Ly Hinh , Chen Jianhong
Published: August 2017

We report the full-length sequence of two chicken source influenza A (H7N9) viruses found in Guangdong live poultry market (LPM) during the most recent wave of human infections (from October 2016 to the present time). These viruses carry insertion of poly-basic amino acids (KGKRTAR/G) at the protease cleavage site of the HA protein, which were previously found in the highly pathogenic (HP) human influenza A (H7N9) [IAV(H7N9)] strains. Phylogenetic analysis of these two novel avian influenza viruses (AIVs) suggested that their genomes reassorted between the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) clades. Molecular clock analysis indicated that they emerged several months before the HP human strains. Collectively, our results suggest that IAV(H7N9) viruses evolve in chickens through antigenic drift to include a signature HP sequence in the HA gene, which highlights challenges in risk assessment and public health management of IAV(H7N9) infections at the human-animal interface.
Uncovering the cognitive processes underlying mental rotation: an eye-movement study
Authors: Xue Jiguo , Li Chunyong , Quan Cheng , Lu Yiming , Yue Jingwei , Zhang Chenggang
Published: August 2017

Mental rotation is an important paradigm for spatial ability. Mental-rotation tasks are assumed to involve five or three sequential cognitive-processing states, though this has not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we investigated how processing states alternate during mental-rotation tasks. Inference was carried out using an advanced statistical modelling and data-driven approach – a discriminative hidden Markov model (dHMM) trained using eye-movement data obtained from an experiment consisting of two different strategies: (I) mentally rotate the right-side figure to be aligned with the left-side figure and (II) mentally rotate the left-side figure to be aligned with the right-side figure. Eye movements were found to contain the necessary information for determining the processing strategy, and the dHMM that best fit our data segmented the mental-rotation process into three hidden states, which we termed encoding and searching, comparison, and searching on one-side pair. Additionally, we applied three classification methods, logistic regression, support vector model and dHMM, of which dHMM predicted the strategies with the highest accuracy (76.8%). Our study did confirm that there are differences in processing states between these two of mental-rotation strategies, and were consistent with the previous suggestion that mental rotation is discrete process that is accomplished in a piecemeal fashion.
Pea PSII-LHCII supercomplexes form pairs by making connections across the stromal gap
Authors: Albanese Pascal , Melero Roberto , Engel Benjamin D , Grinzato Alessandro , Berto Paola , Manfredi Marcello , Chiodoni Angelica , Vargas Javier , Sorzano Carlos Óscar Sánchez , Marengo Emilio , Saracco Guido , Zanotti Giuseppe , Carazo Jose-Maria , Pagliano Cristina
Published: August 2017

In higher plant thylakoids, the heterogeneous distribution of photosynthetic protein complexes is a determinant for the formation of grana, stacks of membrane discs that are densely populated with Photosystem II (PSII) and its light harvesting complex (LHCII). PSII associates with LHCII to form the PSII-LHCII supercomplex, a crucial component for solar energy conversion. Here, we report a biochemical, structural and functional characterization of pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, which were isolated under physiologically-relevant cation concentrations. Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the three-dimensional structure of paired C2S2M PSII-LHCII supercomplexes at 14 Å resolution. The two supercomplexes interact on their stromal sides through a specific overlap between apposing LHCII trimers and via physical connections that span the stromal gap, one of which is likely formed by interactions between the N-terminal loops of two Lhcb4 monomeric LHCII subunits. Fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction analysis showed that paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes are energetically coupled. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that additional flexible physical connections may form between the apposing LHCII trimers of paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in appressed thylakoid membranes. Our findings provide new insights into how interactions between pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can link adjacent thylakoids to mediate the stacking of grana membranes.
Potential Antigens Involved in Delayed Xenograft Rejection in a Ggta1/Cmah Dko Pig-to-Monkey Model
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Xie Chongwei , Lu Ying , Zhou Ming , Qu Zepeng , Yao Da , Qiu Chuanghua , Xu Jia , Pan Dengke , Dai Yifan , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. , Ma Shanshan , Li Mingtao , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha
Published: August 2017

When hyperacute rejection is avoided by deletion of Gal expression in the pig, delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) becomes a major immunologic barrier to successful xenotransplantation. This study was to investigate the potential antigens involved in DXR. We isolated primary renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) and aortic endothelial cells (AEC) from a GGTA1/CMAH double-knockout (DKO) pig (and a GGTA1-KO pig) and immunized cynomolgus monkeys with both of these cells. After sensitization, monkey serum antibody binding and cytotoxicity to RMEC was significantly higher than to AEC(p < 0.05), suggesting that RMEC are more immunogenic than AEC. Transcriptome sequencing of GGTA1/CMAH DKO pigs indicated that the expression of 1,500 genes was higher in RMEC than in AEC, while expression of 896 genes was lower. Next, we selected 101 candidate genes expressed only in pig RMEC, but not in pig AEC or in monkey or human RMEC. When these genes were knocked out individually in GGTA1/CMAH DKO RMEC, 32 genes were associated with reduced antibody binding, indicating that these genes might be primary immunologic targets involved in DXR. These genes may be important candidates for deletion in producing pigs against which there is a reduced primate immune response in pig kidney xenograft.
A novel sex-linked mutant affecting tail formation in Hongshan chicken
Authors: Wang Qiong , Pi Jinsong , Pan Ailuan , Shen Jie , Qu Lujiang
Published: August 2017

The Hongshan chicken is a Chinese indigenous breed that has two distinctly different tail types. Some chickens have stunted tails as compared to the normal phenotype, and they are termed rumpless. Rumplessness in other chicken breeds was caused by a reduction in the number of coccygeal vertebrae. However, X-ray examination showed that rumpless Hongshan chickens possess the normal number of coccygeal vertebrae. Our analyses of the main tail feathers and tissue sections led us to speculate that their stunted tail appearance may be the result of abnormal feather development. To investigate the genetic mechanism underlying rumplessness in Hongshan chickens, we analyzed the results of various crosses. The results indicated that rumplessness is a Z-linked dominant character. In addition, we chose some normal and rumpless individuals for pool-sequencing. Nucleotide diversity and Fst were calculated, and a selective sweep was detected on the Z chromosome. These analyses allowed us to reduce the search area to 71.8–72 Mb on the Z chromosome (galGal5.0). A pseudogene LOC431648 located in this region appeared a strong candidate involving in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to regulate feather development in chickens.
The generalized Sellmeier equation for air
Authors: Voronin A. A. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: August 2017

We present a compact, uniform generalized Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accurate within an ultrabroad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the long-wavelength infrared. While the standard Sellmeier equation (SSE) for atmospheric air is not intended for the description of air refractivity in the mid-infrared and long-wavelength infrared, failing beyond, roughly 2.5 μm, our generalization of this equation is shown to agree remarkably well with full-scale air-refractivity calculations involving over half a million atmospheric absorption lines, providing a highly accurate description of air refractivity in the range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 13 μm. With its validity range being substantially broader than the applicability range of the SSE and its accuracy being at least an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy that the SSE can provide even within its validity range, the GSE-based approach offers a powerful analytical tool for the rapidly progressing mid- and long-wavelength-infrared optics of the atmosphere.
Correction: Corrigendum: Nitrogen-doped porous carbon monoliths from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon nanotubes as electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Fugetsu Bunshi , Wang Zhipeng , Gong Wei , Sakata Ichiro , Morimoto Shingo , Hashimoto Yoshio , Endo Morinobu , Dresselhaus Mildred , Terrones Mauricio
Published: August 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 40259; published online: 11 January 2017; updated: 24 August 2017. In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, References 1–5 were omitted. This error has been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.
Erratum: Arabidopsis thaliana dehydroascorbate reductase 2: Conformational flexibility during catalysis
Authors: Bodra Nandita , Young David , Rosado Leonardo Astolfi , Pallo Anna , Wahni Khadija , De Proft Frank , Huang Jingjing , Van Breusegem Frank , Messens Joris
Published: August 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42494; published online: 14 February 2017; updated: 24 August 2017. The original Supplementary Information file published with this Article was incorrect. The correct Supplementary Information now accompanies the Article.
GO/Fe3O4@SiO2core–shell nanocomposite-modified graphite screen-printed electrode for sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing of dopamine and uric acid
Authors: Beitollahi Hadi , Nejad Fariba Garkani , Shakeri Shahryar
Published: August 2017

A novel electrochemical nanosensor for the determination of dopamine and uric acid is constructed.
Understanding the metal mediated assembly and hydrogel formation of a β-hairpin peptide
Authors: De Leon-Rodriguez Luis M. , Hemar Yacine , Mitra Alok K. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: August 2017

We report the Zn2+-mediated hydrogel formation of a β-hairpin peptide that proceeded via an intermolecular metal- coordination mechanism.
Valence directed binding mode of [2 × 2] iron grids of an unsymmetrical picolinic hydrazone based ligand
Authors: Hossain Sayed Muktar , Lakma Avinash , Pradhan Rabindra Nath , Demeshko Serhiy , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: August 2017

Valence directed binding mode of the unsymmetrical ditopic ligand was observed in tetranuclear trivalent (FeIII4) and mixed valent (FeII2FeIII2) [2 × 2] iron grid complexes.
Direct transformation of 2-acetylpyridine oxime esters into α-oxygenated imines in an Ir(iii) complex
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kodama Shintaro , Ishii Youichi
Published: August 2017

2-Acetylpyridine oxime esters are transformed into the corresponding α-oxygenated imines in an Ir(iii) complex under mild conditions.
Reversible structural phase transition, ferroelectric and switchable dielectric properties of an adduct molecule of hexamethylenetetramine ferrocene carboxylic acid
Authors: Tang Yun-Zhi , Liu Yi , Gao Ji-Xing , Wang Chang-Feng , Wang Bin , Tan Yu-Hui , Wen He-Rui
Published: August 2017

An unprecedented metallo-organic ferroelectric, the adduct of hexamethylenetetramine ferrocene carboxylic acid displays a reversible structural phase transition around 187 K.
High performance boronic acid-containing hydrogel for biocompatible continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Dou Qian , Hu Debo , Gao Hongkai , Zhang Yongmei , Yetisen Ali K. , Butt Haider , Wang Jing , Nie Guangjun , Dai Qing
Published: August 2017

Rapid and robust hydrogels are essential in realizing continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes monitoring.
Synthesis and structural analysis of aryloxo-modified trinuclear half-titanocenes, and their use as catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerisation
Authors: Yan Qing , Tsutsumi Ken , Nomura Kotohiro
Published: August 2017

The synthesis and structural analysis of aryloxo-modified trinuclear half-titanocenes have been explored: the Cp* analogues showed higher activities for ethylene polymerisation than the related mononuclear analogues.
Synthesis of hollow anatase nanospheres with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic performances
Authors: Chen Dongjun , Ma Fangping , Lei Bo , Qiu Wei , Jiang Xinbai , Yu Hongxia , Bi Huiping , Yang Yong , Shen Jinyou
Published: August 2017

Hollow anatase nanospheres have been synthesized.
Multi-component hybrid hydrogels – understanding the extent of orthogonal assembly and its impact on controlled release
Authors: Vieira Vânia M. P. , Hay Laura L. , Smith David K.
Published: August 2017

This paper reports self-assembled multi-component hybrid hydrogels including a range of nanoscale systems and characterizes the extent to which each component maintains its own unique functionality, demonstrating that multi-functionality can be achieved by simply mixing carefully-chosen constituents.
Thermochromism to tune the optical bandgap of a lead-free perovskite-type hybrid semiconductor for efficiently enhancing photocurrent generation
Authors: Zhang Weichuan , Sun Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Han Shiguo , Ji Chengmin , Li Lina , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: August 2017

Here we report a new lead-free hybrid semiconductor material, (C16H20N2)SbBr5, in which thermochromism results in a wide tunable bandgap and superior photoelectric properties.
Ground-based astrometry calibrated by Gaia DR1: new perspectives in asteroid orbit determination
Authors: Spoto F. , Tanga P. , Bouquillon S. , Desmars J. , Hestroffer D. , Mignard F. , Altmann M. , Herald D. , Marchant J. , Barache C. , Carlucci T. , Lister T. , Taris F.
Published: August 2017

Context. The Gaia Data Release 1 (GDR1) is a first, important step on the path of evolution of astrometric accuracy towards a much improved situation. Although asteroids are not present in GDR1, this intermediate release already impacts asteroid astrometry.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate how the GDR1 can change the approach to a few typical problems, including the determination of orbits from short-arc astrometry, the exploitation of stellar occultations, and the impact risk assessment.

Methods. We employ optimised asteroid orbit determination tools, and study the resulting orbit accuracy and post-fit residuals. For this goal, we use selected ground-based asteroid astrometry, and occultation events observed in the past. All measurements are calibrated by using GDR1 stars.

Results. We show that, by adopting GDR1, very short measurement arcs can already provide interesting orbital solutions, capable of correctly identifying near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and providing a much more accurate risk rating. We also demonstrate that occultations, previously used to derive asteroid size and shapes, now reach a new level of accuracy at which they can be fruitfully used to obtain astrometry at the level of accuracy of Gaia star positions.
Recyclable [Ce(l-Pro)2]2 (Oxa) used as Heterogeneous Catalyst: One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in Ethanol
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Chowrasia Rakhi , da Silva Caren , de Oliveira Aline , dos Santos Beatriz , Domingues Nelson
Published: August 2017

[Ce(l-Pro)2]2 (Oxa) was used as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions for the preparation of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The one-pot protocol proceeds in ethanol using anthranilamide with several aldehydes at 50–55 °C. The catalyst can be recycled and reused three cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Zincation and Magnesiation of Functionalized Silylated Cyano­hydrins Using TMP-Bases
Authors: Knochel Paul , Castelló-Micó Alicia
Published: August 2017

Polyfunctional silylated cyanohydrins are readily magnesiated or zincated with TMPMgCl·LiCl or TMP2Zn·2MgCl2·2LiCl leading to the corresponding metallated derivatives. These Mg- or Zn-derivatives react with various electrophiles such as benzylic bromides, allylic bromides, acid chlorides, aldehydes, NCCO2Et, or MeSO2SMe. Subsequently, TBAF-deprotection provides the corresponding keto or 1,2-diketo derivatives.
Initiation of Enteral Feeding After Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Miyake Hiromu , Koike Yuhki , Seo Shogo , Hock Alison , Chen Yong , Pierro Agostino
Published: August 2017

Introduction Management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) consists of cessation of enteral feeding, intravenous antibiotic administration, and supportive treatment. There is no evidence-based recommendation regarding when to restart feeding after a NEC episode. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of timing of enteral feeding reinitiation on NEC recurrence.

Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched. Human studies evaluating enteral feeding timing with a primary outcome of NEC recurrence were included. A total of 2,257 titles or abstracts were screened, and 47 full-text articles were analyzed. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing NEC recurrence and other associated outcomes between early (<5 days after NEC diagnosis) and delayed (>5 days) initiation of enteral feeding after NEC were performed according to the PRISMA statement. The meta-analysis data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Two retrospective observational studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 56 cases in which enteral feeding was started early and 35 cases of delayed enteral feeding initiation. There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The recurrence rates of NEC were unchanged between early (5.4%) and delayed (8.6%) enteral feeding groups (pooled OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.12–3.16; p = 0.56; I
2 = 0%). Catheter-related sepsis (pooled OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01–3.29; p = 0.26; I
2 = 67%) and post-NEC stricture (pooled OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.07–1.18; p = 0.08; I
2 = 23%) rates were not different between early and delayed enteral feeding groups.

Conclusion Initiating early enteral feeding, within 5 days of NEC diagnosis, is not associated with adverse outcomes, including NEC recurrence. In addition, catheter-related sepsis and post-NEC stricture rates were unchanged between early and delayed enteral feeding groups after NEC. However, the quality of the evidence from the review of literature is suboptimal. A further RCT is needed to confirm these results.
Histological and Biochemical Evaluation of Urethral Scar following Three Different Hypospadias Repairs: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Tan Xiao-Hui , Long Chun-Lan , Zhang De-Ying , Lin Tao , He Da-Wei , Wei Guang-Hui , Liu Xing
Published: August 2017

Introduction Several urethroplasties have been employed in the surgical treatment of hypospadias. Neourethral strictures are among the most common postoperative complications that often require reoperation.

Materials and Methods We created a hypospadias model in New Zealand white male rabbits through a hypospadias-like defect and acute repair. A total of 24 animals were randomly allocated into three groups: tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty (TIPU) group (8), perimeatal-based flap urethroplasty (Mathieu) group (8), onlay island flap urethroplasty (onlay) group (8), and corresponding surgical procedures were immediately performed to reconstruct neourethra. The rabbits were killed postoperatively at 5 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. The penile tissue was harvested for histological and biochemical investigations to evaluate the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMactin) in all groups.

Results All rabbits were operated on uneventfully. The amount of collagen content was increased in the Mathieu and onlay groups than in the TIPU group (p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis showed that the expression of TGF-β1 in the TIPU group was decreased compared with the two other groups at 2 or 6 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.01). The expression pattern regarding α-SMactin was similar at 6 weeks or 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The neourethra repaired by TIPU was practically resumed to normal anatomy and scarring was less apparent than the two other groups. Therefore, TIPU is considered as a relatively rational approach for hypospadias repair. The activity of fibroblasts has been increased in the long term, which may be the pathogenesis of neourethral stricture following hypospadias repair.
Successful Treatment of Osgood–Schlatter Disease with Autologous-Conditioned Plasma in Two Patients
Authors: Danneberg Dirk-Jonas
Published: August 2017

Osgood–Schlatter Disease (OSD) is a painful, growth-related overuse condition of the tibial tuberosity, leading to inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity. It primarily affects young adolescents, athletic population, and usually, resolves with age or skeletal maturity. Therapy is usually conservative, with surgery indicated in a minority of cases. For patients with treatment-resistant or refractory OSD, an alternative is the application of autologous platelet concentrate. Here, we describe two cases in which autologous-conditioned plasma therapy was used to treat OSD, and present the treatment protocol developed in our clinic.
Clinical Overview of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Porter Verna , Avidan Alon
Published: August 2017

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep that allows motor responses to dream content. Patients display patterns of unusual, complex, and even violent motor activities. There is a high risk for harm to the patients or their bedpartners. REM sleep behavior disorder is more likely to occur in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy and may precede clinical manifestations by decades. In secondary RBD, brainstem centers involved in muscle atonia during REM are disrupted. These conditions include multiple sclerosis, cerebral vascular accidents, and brainstem tumors. The acute onset of RBD may associate with the use of antidepressants and acute withdrawal from alcohol. The diagnosis of RBD should be confirmed by polysomnography utilizing multiple-limb electromyography and synchronized digital video monitoring and demonstrate elevation of muscle tone during REM sleep along with dream enactment behavior. The differential diagnosis includes sleepwalking, nocturnal seizures, sleep apnea, and periodic limb movement disorder. Management focuses on maximizing safety, use of clonazepam/melatonin, and discussion of prognosis with patients.
Implementation of Quantification of Blood Loss Does Not Improve Prediction of Hemoglobin Drop in Deliveries with Average Blood Loss
Authors: Hamm Rebecca , Wang Eileen , Romanos April , O'Rourke Kathleen , Srinivas Sindhu
Published: August 2017

Objective The National Partnership for Maternal Safety released a postpartum hemorrhage bundle in 2015 recommending quantification of blood loss (QBL) for all deliveries. We sought to determine whether QBL more accurately predicts hemoglobin (Hb) drop than visually estimated blood loss (EBL).

Study Design This is a prospective observational study. Preintervention data (PRE) were collected on all deliveries between October 15, 2013 and December 15, 2013. Deliveries were included if EBL, admission Hb, and 12-hour postpartum Hb (12hrCBC) were available. QBL was implemented in July 2015. Postintervention data (POST) were collected between October 20, 2015 and December 20, 2015. A total of 500 mL EBL was predicted to result in 1 g/dL Hb drop at 12hrCBC. Student's t-test was used to compare the means.

Results A total of 592 of 626 (95%) PRE and 583 of 613 (95%) POST deliveries were included. Overall, 278 (48%) POST deliveries had QBL recorded. In both PRE and POST, actual Hb drop differed from predicted by 0.6 g/dL in both groups of deliveries. When evaluating deliveries with EBL > 1,000 mL, QBL in POST was slightly better at predicting Hb drop versus EBL in PRE, although not statistically significant (0.2 vs. 0.5 g/dL, p = 0.17).

Conclusion In all deliveries, QBL does not predict Hb drop more accurately than EBL. The decision to perform QBL needs to balance accuracy with a resource intense measurement process.
Grundlegende Maßzahlen zur Analyse 2-stufiger Merkmalsausprägungen: Risiko, Odds, Logits, Relatives Risiko, Odds Ratio
Authors: Wirtz Markus
Published: August 2017

In den Rehabilitationswissenschaften sind Merkmale häufig dichotom ausgeprägt oder werden dichotom erfasst. Für die Kommunikation von Merkmalsausprägungen oder als Entscheidungsgrundlage erweisen sich 2-gestufte Formate wie ‚ja vs. nein‘‚ ‚unauffällig vs. auffällig‘ oder ‚arbeitsfähig vs. nicht arbeitsfähig‘ oft als günstig, auch wenn die unterliegende Information als feiner gestuft angenommen werden kann. Für die statistische Darstellung der Auftretenshäufigkeit eines Merkmals werden die Definitionen und Eigenschaften der in der Rehabilitationsforschung typischerweise angewendeten Maße Risiko, Odds und Logits behandelt. Relatives Risiko, Risiko-Reduktion, Logit-Reduktion, Odds Ratio und ln(Odds Ratio) bilden den Zusammenhang zweier Merkmale ab. Odds Ratio und ln(Odds Ratio) bleiben konstant, unabhängig davon, wie häufig die Einzelmerkmale auftreten (z. B. seltene vs. häufige Erkrankung). Diese Maße bilden die unterliegende Zusammenhangsstärke unabhängig von anderen Verteilungseigenschaften ab. Aufgrund dieser sehr günstigen Eigenschaft basieren wichtige korrelationsstatistische Maßzahlen auf Odds Ratio. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl statistische Eigenschaften als auch Aspekte der verständlichen und fehlerfreien Interpretierbarkeit der Analysebefunde bei der Auswahl und Darstellung der Maßzahlen berücksichtigt werden müssen.
SCIWORA – häufig oder überschätzt?
Authors: Kandziora Frank , Yildiz Ulas , Marcus Oswald
Published: August 2017

Der Begriff SCIWORA wurde 1982 erstmals als eine Rückenmarksschädigung ohne erkennbare Verletzungszeichen in der damals verfügbaren apparativen Diagnostik beschrieben. Die Erweiterung der Bildgebung und deren verbesserte Qualität waren Wegbereiter für eine unbeständige Auslegung des Akronyms und für die Entstehung eines sehr heterogenen Patientenkollektivs. Trotz der Betonung des kindlichen SCIWORAs in der älteren Literatur wird in den aktuellen Publikationen eine Verschiebung der Häufigkeit hin zum adulten SCIWORA (SCIWORET) beobachtet. Damit wird das kindliche SCIWORA aus tradiertem Aspekt häufig überschätzt, wohingegen das SCIWORET nach den heutigen Inzidenzraten eher unterschätzt wird. Während das Therapieregime des kindlichen SCIWORA aus konservativen Maßnahmen besteht, bedarf das SCIWORET nach aktuellen Empfehlungen einer frühzeitigen operativen Therapie.
Stellenwert der chirurgischen Sonografie in der Diagnostik der akuten Appendizitis: Literaturübersicht und ein praxisnaher Diagnosealgorithmus
Authors: Beltzer Christian , Zischek Christoph , Schmidt Roland , Friemert Benedikt , Achatz Gerhard , Palm Hans-Georg
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Der Stellenwert der Sonografie (Ultraschall, US) bei der Diagnostik der akuten Appendizitis ist umstritten. Unklar ist, welche Wertigkeit der US im Vergleich zu anderen bildgebenden Verfahren wie der Computertomografie (CT) und der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) besitzt, aber auch, ob zwischen chirurgisch durchgeführter Sonografie („surgeon-performed ultrasound“, SPUS) und der radiologischen Sonografie („radiologist-performed ultrasound“, RPUS) Unterschiede bestehen. Ziel unserer Studie ist es, anhand einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche einen US-gestützten Algorithmus aufzuzeigen, mit dessen Hilfe die Entscheidung zu weiterer Diagnostik oder Operation vereinfacht werden kann.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE (PubMed®) der Jahre 2010 bis 2016 durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 53 relevante Volltextartikel ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Der US wird vielfach als integraler Bestandteil im diagnostischen Algorithmus der akuten Appendizitis eingesetzt. SPUS und RPUS unterscheiden sich in Bezug auf Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiv und negativ prädiktivem Wert (PPV, NPV) nicht statistisch signifikant. Der SPUS bietet gegenüber dem RPUS den Vorteil der simultanen klinischen Einschätzung des Patienten durch den Chirurgen während der sonografischen Untersuchung („Sonopalpation“), wodurch die diagnostische Treffsicherheit nochmals erhöht werden kann. Die Strahlenexposition durch CT konnte aufgrund des vermehrt eingesetzten und gut verfügbaren US bereits deutlich reduziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Der SPUS sollte als integraler Bestandteil eines strukturierten diagnostischen Algorithmus, wie beschrieben, bei allen Patienten mit Verdacht auf akute Appendizitis als erstes bildgebendes Verfahren zur Anwendung kommen. Nur bei nicht möglicher sonografischer Visualisierung der Appendix in Verbindung mit spezifischen klinischen und/oder laborchemischen Kriterien empfiehlt sich eine zusätzliche Diagnostik mittels CT oder MRT.
Statische Gefäßanalyse der retinalen Blutgefäße in einer populationsbasierten Kohorte unter Berücksichtigung des Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Theophil Constanze , Jürgens Clemens , Großjohann Rico , Kempin Robert , Ittermann Till , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Tost Frank
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Interdisziplinäre Untersuchungen möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen Allgemeinerkrankungen und ophthalmologischen Veränderungen sind im klinischen Umfeld eher schwierig durchführbar; sie gewinnen jedoch durch den altersbedingten Anstieg chronischer Erkrankungen zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Methoden Die populationsbasierte SHIP-Trend-Studie wurde zwischen 2008 und 2012 in Greifswald durchgeführt. Die Baseline-Untersuchungen umfasste 4420 Probanden (Response 50,1%) im Alter von 20 bis 84 Jahren. Selbstangaben zu arterieller Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus und Raucherstatus wurden erfragt, der Blutdruck und laborchemisch das HbA1c wurden bestimmt. Die Gefäßdurchmesser retinaler Arteriolen und Venolen wurden mittels nonmydriatischer Augenhintergrundaufnahmen ermittelt und daraus das mittlere retinale arterielle (CRAE) und venöse Äquivalent (CRVE) berechnet. Die Assoziation von Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Raucherstatus und Blutdruck mit den retinalen Gefäßparametern wurde adjustiert für Alter und Geschlecht mit linearen Regressionsmodellen geprüft.

Ergebnisse Bei 3218 Probanden mit auswertbaren standardisierten Fundusfotos zeigten sich signifikante Assoziationen von erhöhtem HbA1c (> 6,5%), Raucherstatus, systolischem und diastolischem Blutdruck mit den retinalen Gefäßweiten CRAE und CRVE. Anamnestischer Diabetes mellitus war hingegen mit keinem der Gefäßparameter assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Bevölkerungsstudie offenbart relevante Zusammenhänge zwischen Allgemeinerkrankungen und der retinalen Mikrostrombahn am Sehorgan. Daraus folgt, dass Allgemeinerkrankungen ophthalmologische Veränderungen begünstigen können. Die bildgebende Augenhintergrunduntersuchung kann aber auch umgekehrt Informationen zur Beurteilung allgemeiner Erkrankungen liefern.
Vaskuläre Komplikationen und Notfälle in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie – was muss ein Viszeralchirurg können und wissen
Authors: Matthaei Hanno , Schmidt Valeri , Branchi Vittorio , Verrel Frauke , Kalff Jörg , Koscielny Arne
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Die kontinuierliche Verbesserung perioperativer und neoadjuvanter Therapiekonzepte ermöglicht heutzutage immer ausgedehntere Tumorresektionen mit dem Ziel der Heilung. Bei bildmorphologisch vaskulärer Beteiligung des Tumors sollte bereits in der Operationsplanung eine gefäßchirurgische Expertise hinzugezogen werden. Hingegen erfordern unvorhergesehene intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen vom onkologischen Viszeralchirurgen teils ad hoc gefäßchirurgische Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten. Deren Erwerb ist gemäß aktueller Weiterbildungsordnung nicht verpflichtend vorgesehen, wird jedoch immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert und steht damit im Fokus unserer Untersuchung.

Patienten Im Zeitraum 2010 – 2015 erfolgten bei 126 viszeralchirurgischen Operationen – hiervon 30 Tumorresektionen – auch intraoperative gefäßchirurgische Eingriffe. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte retrospektiv mit einem Mindest-Follow-up von 12 Monaten. Neben ausführlicher Charakterisierung des Patientenguts und der vaskulären Eingriffe erfolgte eine statistische Analyse des Outcomes. Des Weiteren wurden die Weiterbildungsordnungen aller 17 Landesärztekammern auf gefäßchirurgische Inhalte hin geprüft.

Ergebnisse Die Gefäßversorgung erfolgte überwiegend aufgrund Verletzungen des mesenterikoportalen Systems (n = 11; 37%) und der Viszeralarterien (n = 14; 47%). Die häufigsten Techniken waren dabei die Gefäßnaht, die Reanastomosierung bzw. Patchplastik (n = 19; 63%) und die venöse Thrombektomie/arterielle Embolektomie (n = 18; 60%). Die Gesamt-30-Tages-Letalität lag bei 3%. Während der Follow-up-Periode verstarben 33% der Tumorpatienten, wobei lediglich die venöse Gefäßverletzung ein unabhängiger Prädiktionsparameter für ein schlechteres Überleben darstellte (arterielle vs. venöse Komplikation: HR 0,028; 95%-KI 0,002 – 0,442; p = 0,01). Der Erwerb gefäßchirurgischer Expertise durch den Viszeralchirurgen ist in der gegenwärtigen Weiterbildungsordnung fakultativ und bis maximal 12 Monate anrechenbar.

Schlussfolgerung Intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie sind nicht häufig, aber für den Patienten mit erheblichen Risiken verbunden. Diese erfordern solide Grundkenntnisse und -fertigkeiten in der Gefäßanatomie, -präparation und -darstellung für eine sichere Blutungskontrolle sowie in der Durchführung von Gefäßnahttechniken und -interponaten. Deren Erwerb ist in der gegenwärtigen Weiterbildungsordnung für Viszeralchirurgie lediglich fakultativ, was künftig neu bewertet werden sollte.