bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disabled Students at the Palestinian Universities: Birzeit University as a Model
Authors: Ramahi Refa' Jamal , Fteiha Ahmad , Khalili Ola
Published: September 2021

Universities vary in the logistic support they provide for the disabled students. At the same time, universities can be a model for the bigger society in the way they undertake and involve this category. In this study, we tried to explore how do students of disabilities perceive their university life at Birzeit University. This will definitely reflect their relationship to their wider society. We also tried to identify the various challenges face the disabled students during their university life.

Participants own narratives were used to collect data in focused groups. Data from interviews was transcribed and analyzed following the qualitative approach of content analysis. Results indicated that the disabled students at Birzeit University are trying to live as independent students. They believe that their daily experiences are very similar to other students’ experiences at the university. This perception helps them to construct a positive sense of self, which, in turn, encourage them to overcome the social burdens upon them. In conclusion, the interviewees believed that their disabilities are not what identify them as students. Regarding their relationship to the society, the disabled students struggle to change the stereotype that the society stigmatizes them with as incapable and helpless. The results indicated also that the disabled students are distinguished by having the ‘desire ‘which is their main motif to achieve their dreams and to challenge the existing stereotyping about them. They do not give up; they have a strong will and determination to achieve their goals.

The study recommended increasing the financial and learning support for disabled students and raising the awareness about their potentials among Birzeit University students.
Empedocles’ Big Break
Authors: Preston David
Published: September 2021

This paper endeavours to demonstrate that certain strands of ancient and modern cosmological thought are not as dissimilar as one might initially believe. In doing so, it will examine two accounts of the fundamental nature and origin of the universe – one put forward in the 5th century BCE by the Pre-Socratic Empedocles, and one favoured by a faction of 21st Century CE physical cosmologists. After said parallels are highlighted, there will be some speculation on how Empedocles may have arrived at such conclusions two and a half millennia ago, followed by a defence of him being classified only as an ancient poet.
Visions of Narcissus from the Late Imperial Period Remarks on the Statue of Narcissus from Callistratus’ Ekphraseis
Authors: Hajdú Attila
Published: September 2021

In his longest ekphrasis (5), Callistratus (fl. probably in 4th century AD) uses enargeia and phantasia to depict vividly Narcissus’ marble sculpture and to evoke the tragic fate of the young boy. Based on the surviving works of art, it is well-known that the representations of Narcissus were widespread in the Roman world from the 1st century AD. Therefore, there is no reason to assume that it would have been a difficult task for Callistratus to take inspiration from the statues of Narcissus exhibited in the horti of Roman villas, public parks and baths, or from the large number of wall-paintings and mosaics depicting the young mythological figure. In my paper, I will explore the crucial elements originating from both the Graeco-Roman visual culture and literature that may have influenced this description.
Marcus Antonius’ Campaign against the Pirates in 102 BC
Authors: Iakovleva Svetlana
Published: September 2021

The struggle between the Roman State and Mediterranean pirates is a problem in ancient history that has not been sufficiently studied. By analyzing events from the turn of the 1st century BC, the author provides information about the first serious military campaign, as well as the qualitative and quantitative Roman staff directed against the piracy in Cilicia. The author concludes that the problem of piracy was not solved and claims that Cilicia was established not as a province but as a military command aimed to resolve the situation in the Mediterranean Sea.
Agronomic characterization of sunflower cultivars for animal feeding in tropical conditions
Authors: Sousa Saulo Almeida , Leite Vagner Maximino , Almeida Vanessa de Oliveira , Pina Douglas dos Santos , Rufino Luana Marta de Almeida , Santos Aracele Vieira , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Silva Thiago Carvalho da , Cirne Luis Gabriel Alves , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de
Published: September 2021

This study was developed to examine morpho-agronomic traits of 18 sunflower cultivars and identify superior cultivars in terms of grain yield, forage quality, or both, for animal feeding. Twenty-two morpho-agronomic traits related to plant development and architecture; earliness of maturity; grain yield (achenes); dry matter yield; and dry matter content were evaluated. Cultivars Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Embrapa 122, BRS 321, and Hélio 360 showed inflorescence at the final stage. Aguará 4 showed the lowest flowering rate, characterizing it as late-maturing. For grain yield, cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended, as they showed the highest achene yields (average: 1,541.67 to 2,148.81 kg.ha−1, respectively). Cultivars Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL exhibited higher dry matter yields (9,550.93 to 11,789.91 kg ha−1) and were thus indicated for forage production. Cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended for grain yield, for the diet of monogastric animals; Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL for forage yield, for ruminant feeding; and Charrua, Olisun 3, and Paraíso 103CL for both purposes.
Campomanesia spp. native fruits as potential source of health-promoting compounds
Authors: Verruck Silvani , Cunha Junior Anildo , Maraschin Marcelo , Fronza Nei , Budke Jean Carlos , Hassemer Guilherme de Souza , Prudencio Elane Schwinden , Da Silveira Sheila Mello
Published: September 2021

Campomanesia xanthocarpa var. littoralis, Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg), and Campomanesia eugenioides are native fruit plants found in Brazil. Due to the scarce number of controlled scientific studies comparing different native Campomanesia species, this study sought to determine their bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. C. eugenioides proved to be a rich source of total phenolic compounds, also showing the best antioxidant capacity by the ABTS, DPPH and molybdenum reduction power methods. On the other hand, C. xanthocarpa var. littoralis showed the best results for total flavonoids content, and Iron(II) chelation power. The phenolic compounds contents present in C. eugenioides could be responsible for the best antioxidant activity. This study provides key scientific data regarding the use of valuable fruits from different edible Campomanesia species to produce bioactive ingredients, as well as natural preservatives for food products. Thus, our results contribute to the discovery of the potential application of these native Campomanesia Brazilian fruits, as a natural product with functional and antioxidant properties.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS CASOS DA COVID-19 E LEITOS DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NO ESTADO DA BAHIA-BRASIL
Authors: Sampaio Sarah Andrade , Cunha Gabriel Carneiro Silva , Reis Felipe de Souza , Souza Sirius Oliveira
Published: September 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos confirmados da COVID-19 no Estado da Bahia, entre o período de março a junho de 2020, ao passo que busca analisar a distribuição dos leitos de terapia intensiva e da população com idade superior a 60 anos, tendo em vista a possibilidade de alocação dos equipamentos de suporte à saúde intensiva com base nos padrões de disseminação da doença e na concentração de idosos. Para tal, a partir de dados dos Boletins Epidemiológicos da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB, 2020) e do Portal COVID (IBGE, 2020) foram utilizadas ferramentas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica, para qualificação e análise da distribuição espacial da COVID-19. Os resultados apontam que a dispersão do vírus no território estadual teve forte relação com os eixos rodoviários e aéreos de maior porte do estado. Desta forma, até junho de 2020, 93,52% dos municípios do estado não detinham de leitos de UTI, além disso, ressalta-se a alta taxa de incidência para a Região Sul do estado e destaca-se a concentração dos leitos de UTIs na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, ao passo que os municípios com maiores concentrações de idosos se concentram no Centro Oeste do estado, em municípios pequenos, com redes de saúde frágeis, o que desperta a necessidade para o planejamento de ações em saúde. Ao final, este trabalho legitima-se ao reconhecer padrões espaciais de rotas de dispersão e fornecer relevantes informações para a compreensão e mitigação de danos relacionado a pandemia da COVID-19.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E DINÂMICA DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ACIDENTES OFÍDICOS EM HUMANOS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Baldassin Jhessica Cristina Scarduelli , Francisco Sabrina Rakli , Da Silva Ralf Willian , Moura Roudom Ferreira , Pombo Ana Paula Miranda Mundim
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico e dinâmica da distribuição dos acidentes ofídicos envolvendo humanos no Estado de São Paulo (ESP) entre 2007 e 2018. Método: estudo epidemiológico do tipo descritivo. Utilizou-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A população foi obtida pela Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE). Resultado: para o período estudado, observou-se maior proporção de acidentes envolvendo serpentes Bothrops spp., membros inferiores, tempo de atendimento em até uma hora e classificação leve do acidente. A maioria dos acidentes acometeram indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos, escolaridade inferior ao ensino fundamental completo e na zona rural. O município com maior incidência foi Sete Barras. O diagrama de controle revelou situação endêmica em 2018 para o ESP. Conclusão: os municípios com maior estimativa de risco estiveram situados no Litoral Sul do ESP. Nesse sentido, sugere-se maior atenção quanto às medidas de promoção da saúde e prevenção desse agravo à saúde para essas regiões.
Analytical epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
Authors: Tlapshokova L. B. , Zikhova A. R.
Published: September 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease, which etiology includes a complex of genetic and environmental factors. Data suggests that their interaction can influence the age of the clinical manifestations and the course of the disease. Therefore, the study of risk factors of MS in regions with different ethnic compositions of the population and climatic and geographical characteristics is of considerable interest.

Objective: to study MS risk factors prevalence in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (RKB).

Patients and methods. This case-control study of the representation of risk factors included a cohort of 112 MS patients living in two regions of the RKB (Nalchik and the Prokhladnensky district). The MS diagnosis was established with the McDonald criteria (2017). MS risk factors were assessed with a unified questionnaire. 112 respondents (matched by the main demographic characteristics and place of residence) were included in the control group.

Results and discussion. MS patients from the Prokhladnensky district were significantly more likely to contact harmful chemical compounds, had higher consumption of smoked meat products; and suffered from viral infections more often (all differences were significant, p<0.05). More patients with MS, regardless of their place of residence, had a history of scarlet fever than the controls (n=23; 19.5% and n=14; 13.4%, ratio indicator 0.43 (95% CI 0.32–1.01), p=0.041), and the maximum significance of this factor was found in patients who suffered from scarlet fever after the age of 15 years (n=7; 6.3% and n=1; 0.9%, ratio indicator 2.45 (95% CI 1.92–3.21), p=0.041). More patients with MS had a history of chickenpox (n=70; 62.5% and n=55; 41.1%; ratio indicator 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.94, p=0.032), the frequency of this factor was most significant in early (up to 7 years) disease onset. Regardless of the place of residence, patients with MS were more likely to suffer from tonsillitis and sinusitis in childhood (p=0.032).

Conclusion. In the RKB, as in other regions of the Russian Federation, the risk of MS, along with a genetic predisposition, is primarily determined by environmental factors, such as contact with potentially harmful chemicals, history of somatic diseases, characteristics of the ecological situation, etc. Therefore, MS risk is higher in people exposed to these factors before the age of 7 years and does not depend on the place of residence.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis in students in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Tukhvatullin A. V. , Kuzmina U. Sh. , Utyagulova N. F. , Talisov R. F. , Vakhitov V. A. , Bakhtiyarova K. Z.
Published: September 2021

An expansion of the age range of multiple sclerosis (MS) manifestation has been reported recently. Considering the multifactorial etiology, high heterogeneity of the clinical symptoms, and the difficulties of early MS diagnosis in young people, the onset and course of this disease in students can be considered as one of the significant medical and social problems.

Objective: to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of MS in university and secondary specialized educational institutions students in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB).

Patients and methods. This case-control study included 32 patients aged 15 to 24 years studying in universities and secondary schools of the RB. The clinical and epidemiological indicators analysis was carried out based on data from the register of MS patients in the RB. 32 sex-, age-, place of birth and residence-matching patients with MS, who were not students, were included in the control group.

Results and discussion. The median age of disease manifestation in students was 18 [16.5; 20] years, in the control group – 16 [14; 19] years (p=0.010). We found a lower «disease onset – diagnosis» in the students group of revealed a lower interval «disease onset – diagnosis» (0.5 [0; 1] years, p=0.006), and a shorter duration of MS compared to the control group ((2.8 [2; 4] years and 4 [2; 7] years, respectively, p=0.020). Students with MS predominantly had movement disorders: central paresis and cerebellar ataxia. Students also had a faster MS progression (0.4 [0.2; 0.6] EDSS scores per year, p=0.001), despite of the disease-modifying therapies.

Conclusion. MS manifestation and course in students receiving disease-modifying therapies indicate the need for close follow-up, adherence control, and psychological support in the educational process.
Art therapy possibilities in the complex treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Guseva M. E. , Matvievskaya O. V. , Boyko A. N.
Published: September 2021

Objective: to study the effectiveness of art therapy methods in the complex treatment of neuropsychological disorders and quality of life improvement in patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).

Patients and methods. A group of 42 patients (5 men and 37 women, mean age 32.9 years, mean EDSS severity 3.8 points) with MS underwent outpatient continuous active art therapy cycle. The mean group training cycle duration was six months. The comparison group included 15 age- and sex-adjusted individuals without neurological disorders. Tests on various drawing topics were carried out before and after a three-month therapy course. We used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the severity of anxiety and depression and the SF-36 scale to evaluate the quality of life (QoL).

Results and discussion. Before the art therapy start, light blue, yellow, pink, blue, and green colors prevailed in the drawings. There was no predominance of any color depending on MS severity or course. The green color predominated in this test in the control group, and the light blue color was significantly less represented. The art therapy course did not lead to a significant change in the severity of MS according to the 

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). After the art therapy course, the color scheme of the drawings was mainly represented by red, light blue, green, yellow, and blue colors. In addition, a red-orange color appeared in the drawings, which was completely absent before the course. Positive trends were noted according to HADS: a decrease in anxiety by 23% and depression by 19%. The physical component of QoL assessed by the SF-36 scale did not change substantially, but the psychological component significantly improved by 11%.

Conclusion. The predominance of light blue color observed in MS is associated with damage to the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, and blue color – with psychological problems and depression. However, after a course of art therapy for MS, red, red-orange, yellow, and green colors representation increased significantly, which indicates an increase in positive attitude, a decrease in the level of depression, and an improvement in QoL.
NON-VIOLENT ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOLS IN INCLUSIVE CLASSES DURING THE COVID PANDEMIC
Authors: Barokah Sarah Mustika , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: September 2021

The rise of child abuse cases in Indonesia has demanded the school to implement an anti-violence policy. Thus, the inclusion school of MI Amanah has implemented an anti-violence policy as an implementation form of the Child-Friendly School program. The objective of this research was to describe the implementation of the anti-violence policy during the learning process in the inclusion class as an embodiment of a child-friendly school in MI Amanah, Malang District. This research exerted a qualitative approach; the research data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation; the data were then analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The research location was at MI Amanah, Turen Sub-district, Malang District. The research was conducted from August to December 2020 by employing the foundation's president, principal, and teachers as the research subjects. The research finding indicated that implementing an anti-violence policy in student learning was covered in planning, implementation, and assessment. The learning planning was conducted by designing and organizing the learning materials without ignoring the child specificity; also allocating play, time, and rest. The learning implementation was to use polite greetings, put forward a psychological approach and positive discipline, make study groups in the inclusion class, care for students when they got through learning difficulties, raise tolerance environment, and provide worship and sleeping time. The learning assessment was done objectively by featuring authentic assessment; the assessment should be employed without comparing; the assessment regards the student's potential and skill.
THE EFFECT OF SNAKE AND LADDER GAME ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN STUDYING OF ISLAMIC HISTORY “FATHU MECCA” AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH, NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wandini Rora Rizky , Damanik Emeliya Sukma Dara , Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah , Iskandar Wahyu
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effect of the snake and ladder game on Islamic history Fathu Mecca learning outcomes based on observations at the SD (Elementary School) Muhammadiyah in Indonesia. Students have been shown to acquire standard competency through the study of Islamic history. This course is very important to build a strong Muslim identity, especially in Islamic School Muhammadiyah. Meanwhile, the snake and ladder game has been used by several educators in the teaching and learning process. This game positively influences students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, the authors developed and integrated Islamic history into the snake and ladder game board. This research was a quantitative study conducted on 60 fifth-grade students divided into experiment and control classes. Furthermore, the data were collected using observation, interview, and t-test hypotheses. The results showed that the snake and ladder game positively affects students’ learning outcomes in studying Islamic history. Based on the result, this game provides opportunities for students to explore, identify, practice, and understand concepts. The teachers are expected to encourage students to develop skills for discovering knowledge through an inspiring and fun learning atmosphere.
Транснациональное детство. Часть I: постановка вопроса и обзор основных теоретико-методологических подходов
Authors: Пешкова Вера Михайловна
Published: September 2021

Статья содержит постановку вопроса и обзор основных теоретико-методологических подходов к изучению места и роли детей мигрантов в современной международной миграции. Понятие «дети мигрантов» охватывает не только тех, кто приехал вместе с родителями, но и тех, кто остался в отправляющей стране. Это актуализирует вопрос о том, как международная миграция в Россию влияет на детей мигрантов «здесь» и «там», как трансформирует понимание и практики детства и каким образом влияет на миграцию их родителей и миграционную ситуацию в целом. Общей теоретической рамкой для изучения места и роли детей в миграции является антропология и социология детства. Отмечена необходимость при изучении детей мигрантов и их детства исходить из того, что дети, также как и взрослые, — активные субъекты современной транснациональной миграции. В связи с этим роль и место детей мигрантов предлагается изучать в контексте такого понятия как «транснациональное детство». В статье приводится описание основных направлений исследований детей в условиях международной миграции. Среди них исследования поколений, структурных характеристик детства в условиях миграции, практик воспитания в транснациональных социальных контекстах, распределения родительских ролей, поддержания семейных связей и организации заботы на расстоянии, изучение влияния переселения на благополучие семей мигрантов, а также образования детей мигрантов и их интеграции в стране миграции. Настоящая статья — первая часть текста, посвященного транснациональному детству в России. Во второй части, запланированной к публикации в одном из следующих номеров журнала, приводятся результаты полевого исследования роли и места детей в миграции из Средней Азии в России.
Фаббинг: особенности аддиктивного поведения молодежи
Authors: Максименко Александр Александрович , Дейнека Ольга Сергеевна , Духанина Любовь Николаевна , Сапоровская Мария Вячеславовна
Published: September 2021

В статье обобщены результаты зарубежных социологических и психологических исследований фаббинг-поведения и интернет-зависимости за последние 10 лет Описаны результаты эмпирического исследования российской молодежи (N = 525), выполненного авторами в 2019 г. с целью выявления аддикции от смартфонов и проявлений фаббинга в контексте межличностной зависимости (методика Р. Гиршфильда). В опросе приняли участие молодые люди из разных регионов России (72% девушек и 28% юношей; средний возраст 22,3 года). Подтверждены и конкретизированы половозрастные различия в зависимостях от гаджетов у молодежи. Выявлена связь фаббинг-поведения с неуверенностью в себе и потребностью в эмоциональной опоре и одобрении.
Współczesne języki wołoskie
Authors: Klimkowski Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Artykuł omawia trzy kwestie dotyczące obecnej sytuacji języków wołoskich używanych przez Wołochów bałkańskich. Pierwsza z nich to językowy status istrorumuńskiego, meglenorumuńskiego i arumuńskiego (dialekt / język), a tym samym ich stosunek do języka rumuńskiego. W oparciu o teorię Klossa (1967) (języki typu Abstand i Ausbau) uważamy je za osobne języki wołoskie (bałkanoromańskie). W związku z tym kolejną kwestią, jaką poruszamy, jest terminologia związana z tymi językami oraz ich wewnętrzna klasyfikacja. W wyniku analizy używanych obecnie terminów zalecamy formy właski i żejański, właski (megleński) i armuński (jako rodzime określenia odnośnych języków) zamiast tradycyjnych nazw istrorumuński, meglenorumuński i arumuński, jak również nowy termin remeński dla odmiany wołoskiego uważanej na ogół za część armuńskiego. Jeśli chodzi o trzecią kwestię, tj. systemy zapisu współczesnych języków wołoskich, przedstawiamy zarówno tradycyjne, jak i bardziej postępowe systemy, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do armuńskiego i remeńskiego.
Morphological instruction and reading development in young L2 readers: A scoping review of causal relationships
Authors: Ke Sihui (Echo) , Zhang Dongbo
Published: September 2021

This scoping review explores the causal relationship between morphological instruction and reading development in young L2 learners by synthesizing 12 primary studies published between 2004 and 2019 (N = 1,535). These studies focused on reading English as the target language and involved participants between kindergarten and Grade 12 from four countries (China, Egypt, Singapore, and the USA). Findings suggested that (a) morphological instruction led to consistent and positive gains in L2 children’s morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge, and the effect sizes (Cohen’s ds) ranged from small to large; and (b) the relationship between morphological instruction and other outcomes such as phonological awareness, word reading accuracy, word reading fluency, spelling, and reading comprehension was inconclusive. Notably, transfer effects of L2 English morphological instruction on novel word learning in English or on reading development in an additional language were only examined and observed in four primary studies. Discussion was provided regarding future instructional and research design.
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug
Authors: Aleem Mohd
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Celastrus paniculatus Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of C. paniculatus and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities.

Methods

All available information concerning C. paniculatus has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia.

Results

C. paniculatus is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties.

Conclusions

Several in vitro and in vivo trials confirm the conventional use of C. paniculatus in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the C. paniculatus remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of C. paniculatus, which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the β-dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the C. paniculatus and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.
Myocardial deformation analysis in late-onset small-for-gestational-age and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Ried Christina , Wildner Nadia K. , Ortiz Javier U. , Kuschel Bettina , Haller Bernhard , Oberhoffer Renate , Wacker-Gußmann Annette , Lobmaier Silvia M.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

An association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical signs of fetal cardiac remodeling in late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE).

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study, including 117 late-onset (≥32 weeks) SGA (birthweight≤10th centile) fetuses and 102 gestational age matched controls. A subgroup analysis was performed: FGR was defined based on either BW (<third centile) or the presence of feto-maternal Doppler abnormalities, the remaining cases were called SGA centile 3–10. 2D-STE based myocardial deformation analyses included longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) and strain rate (LSR) of the global left (LV) or right (RV) ventricle and its individual segments.

Results

Global and segmental LPSS and LSR values showed no significant difference between late-onset SGA and control fetuses for both ventricles (p>0.05). Regarding global and segmental LPSS and LSR values of LV/RV, subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between the FGR (n=81), SGA centile 3–10 (n=36) and control group.

Conclusions

A mild degree of placental dysfunction seems not to influence myocardial deformation properties measured by 2D-STE.
A Quantitative Study of the Linear Pottery Culture Cemetery “Aiterhofen-Ödmühle”
Authors: Hahnekamp Yanik
Published: September 2021

This article emphasises on the results of the master´s thesis “Burials in Bytes. A Quantitative Study of Linear Pottery Cemeteries in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia and Southern Germany” and further elaborates on interpretations of identified patterns at Early Neolithic cemeteries. The focus will lie on the Lower Bavarian site “Aiterhofen-Ödmühle.” Although the cemetery was subject to different analyses and interdisciplinary research in the past, there are still unsolved issues regarding chronology, structure, meaning of the local mortuary rites and rules, and its significance in the superregional context. The study utilised data acquisition via the Montelius image database and quantitative methods performed through the softwares WinSerion and Google Mapper. These data consisted of various typologies and classifications, while several variations of correspondence analysis, seriation, Analysis N Next Neighbours, and the creation of distribution maps have been involved in the process of evaluation. The results of the evaluations of Aiterhofen-Ödmühle favour a chronological south–north progression. Inhumations and cremations differ in grave good equipment, potentially representing contrasts in gender distribution. Spatial groupings are distinguishable through their properties – open to various ways of interpretation and comparable to clusters of other cemeteries. Differences regarding age and sex were also highlighted. Overall, Aiterhofen-Ödmühle stands out among Early Neolithic cemeteries through region-specific grave goods and death gesture, local peculiarities, variation of burial types, and its site structure. Similarities to other sites include characteristic Linear Pottery traits, although less obvious connections can also be recognised through the quantitative evaluations. Instead of rigid funerary rules, dynamic and flexible rites are suggested.
Bounds on the first leap Zagreb index of trees
Authors: Dehgardi N. , Aram H.
Published: September 2021

The first leap Zagreb index $LM1(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the squares of its second vertex degrees, that is, $LM_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}d_2(v/G)^2$, where $d_2(v/G)$ is the number of second neighbors of $v$ in $G$. In this paper, we obtain bounds for the first leap Zagreb index of trees and determine the extremal trees achieving these bounds.
La motricidad en el triatlón: otra mirada desde la física hacia la biomecánica
Authors: Torres-Aguila Ana Margarita
Published: September 2021

Este artículo aborda aspectos de la motricidad, que se sustentan en los fundamentos de la biomecánica, en el razonamiento físico y el interdisciplinario. Estas ciencias en el preuniversitario revelan un acercamiento al estudio del hombre en la ejecución del movimiento. La comprensión acerca la motricidad incrementa el interés de los estudiantes-atletas de la escuela de iniciación deportiva escolar y, a su vez, son indispensables en la carrera de Cultura Física, como la estructura interna del cuerpo en el movimiento de articular y muscular. Se buscan propuestas didácticas para introducir estos contenidos y así lograr una cultura general integral y formarlos profesionalmente.
Estrategia para el fortalecimiento del desarrollo deportivo en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Martínez Quiñones Luis David , Zuluaga Ávila David Felipe , Gracia Díaz Álvaro José
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación propone una estrategia para fortalecer la fuerza en prepúberes, niños y adolescentes del equipo de voleibol del Colegio Pedagógico Nacional, con diferentes ejercicios dirigidos a mejorar sus diversas habilidades y a perfeccionar su desarrollo deportivo. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, la recolección de información, cuantificación y el análisis estadístico, dirigidos a fomentar coordenadas de actuación y a comprobar la hipótesis de que la fuerza en la población estudiada crece en línea ascendente al incorporar una estrategia apropiada del entrenamiento de la fuerza. El diseño transversal y la manera correlacional hallaron el vínculo entre dos o más variables implicadas. Los resultados del ejercicio investigativo demostraron que la implementación de un proceso de manejo de fuerza con carga baja y un aumento ascendente genera beneficios en los niños y los jóvenes para mejorar su forma de actuación y su estado físico.
Aspectos teóricos y metodológicos actuales en la investigación de la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Aguilar Alma Rosa , Chacón Xinia , González Delma , Tomcsányi Judith
Published: September 2021

Se aborda el tema de la investigación en adquisición de lenguas en términos teóricos y metodológicos.
Basura y tesoros en el relleno sanitario de Río azul: una nueva mirada a la "Suiza de América Central"
Authors: Budd Ruth
Published: September 2021

Se explora la relación entre Única mirando al mar, de Fernando Contreras y la realidad costarricense.
Miguel Ángel Asturias y Bélgica: Curiosas pistas reales e imaginarias
Authors: Valembois Víctor
Published: September 2021

Se estudian las referencias a Bélgica en la obra de Asturias.
Dixième lettre: Sur le commerce (Lettres Philosophiques. Voltaire) Approche discursive
Authors: Retana Calderón Róger
Published: September 2021

Se utiliza un enfoque discursivo para anlizar la décima carta de Voltaire.
Acercamiento analítico a Perséfone de Homero Aridjis
Authors: Vidaurre Arenas Carmen V.
Published: September 2021

Se presentan los resultados del análisis sociocrítico practicado sobre la obra Perséfone, de Homero Aridjis.
Traducciones comerciales y traducciones literarias
Authors: Rodríguez Cristián
Published: September 2021

En su número 11, de julio de 1957, la revista BRECHA publicó el breve artículo que aquí se reproduce. Fue una revista, publicada entre 1955 y 1962, que el poeta y crítico de arte y literatura Arturo Echeverría Loría dirigió. Cristián Rodríguez fue un notable periodista costarricense, y agudo crítico literario también, cuya prolongada estancia en los Estados Unidos, donde laboró como traductor, le permitió alcanzar notable experiencia en el campo. LETRAS retoma en este número especial una sección de Documentos, en este caso para rescatar un viejo escrito cuya vigencia parece persistir.
L'interculturel dans l'éspace francophone
Authors: Boza Araya Virginia
Published: September 2021

Se aborda la relación entre la interculturalidad y la francofonía.
De Bartolomé de Las Casas al TLC, pasando por Multatuli
Authors: Valembois Victor
Published: September 2021

Se propone una lectura en clave política, y desde las condiciones del presente, de la breve novela Max Havelaar, del holandés Eduard Douwes Dekker (Multatuli). Plantea un parangón entre las reivindicaciones y tesis políticas que el relato despliega, con los escritos de Bartolomé de Las Casas a propósito de la colonización; además, establece vínculos significativos con la situación política centroamericana contemporánea.An interpretation is proposed here in political terms-from the perspective of the present-of the short novel Max Havelaar by the Dutch author Eduard Douwes Dekker (Multatuli). The demands and political theses of the novel are compared with the writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas on colonization; in addition, significant ties are developed with the contemporary political situation in Central America.
A cuestas con la competencia cultural y temática: una asignatura pendiente en los planes de estudio de traducción
Authors: Vega Cernuda Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

El estudio trata asuntos vinculados con dificultades y procesos para llevar a cabo con precisión y acierto traducciones. Apunta a la necesidad de integrar en la formación académica de quienes traducen competencias fundamentales: la lingüística, la cultural, la cognitiva, la instrumental y la translatológica, que han de completarse con una indispensable formación enciclopédica y humanística.This study refers to several topics related to translation difficulties and processes required for translating precisely and correctly. It mentions the need for translator training to include essential competences such as linguistic, cultural, cogn itive, instrumental and translation competences, complemented by encyclopedic and humanistic training.
Los hilos de lo desconocido: Luzbel, de Gonzalo Arias Páez
Authors: Baltodano Román Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Se escoge un texto periférico en el discurso crítico para indagar sobre la pertinencia de lo fantástico en el conjunto de la literatura nacional a partir del análisis de Luzbel, de Gonzalo Arias Páez.
Cronología de la Academia Costarricense de la Lengua
Authors: Agüero Chaves Arturo
Published: September 2021

La revista LETRAS ofrece en este número un interesante documento, escrito por el ilustre filólogo, lingüista y poeta Arturo Agüero Chaves (1907-2001), en el que se hace un minucioso e interesante recuento de la trayectoria de la Academia Costarricense de la Lengua. Agüero le dio un particular impulso a esa corporación, de la que fue su Director durante muchos años. El documento que aquí se reproduce, redactado hacia 1989, pone en una nueva perspectiva el trabajo llevado a cabo por quienes han integrado en sus diversas etapas esa institución.     Se completa esta sección con la nómina histórica de quienes sucesivamente han ocupado las diecinueve sillas de la Academia, desde su fundación en 1923.      LETRAS agradece a la actual Academia Costarricense de la Lengua la cesión de esos documentos y su autorización para publicarlos en este número.
Desodorante no... casa sí... efectos de frecuencia y longitud en la producción de palabras de una paciente afásica
Authors: Casasa Núñez Laura
Published: September 2021

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con la paciente afásica C.C., en que se determina la incidencia de la frecuencia, la longitud fonológica y la longitud silábica en la producción de palabras de la paciente, a partir de una prueba de denominación.The author presents the results obtained in research conducted with the aphasic Costa Rican speaker (C.C.). This study addresses the incidence that frequency, as well as phonological and syllable length have when naming tests.
Informacija autoriams
Authors: Psichologija
Published: September 2021

...
Six Stages of Engagement in ADHD Treatment Described by Diverse, Urban Parents
Authors: Spencer Andrea E. , Sikov Jennifer , Loubeau J Krystel , Zolli Nicole , Baul Tithi , Rabin Megan , Hasan Syeda , Rosen Katherine , Buonocore Olivia , Lejeune Julia , Dayal Rohan , Fortuna Lisa , Borba Christina , Silverstein Michael
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in children. Although ADHD is treatable, barriers remain to engagement in treatment, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial and ethnic minority families. Our goal was to examine the process by which families engage in ADHD treatment and to identify targets for an intervention to improve engagement in care.

METHODS

We conducted in-depth semistructured qualitative interviews with 41 parents of diverse youth aged 3 to 17 years old in treatment of ADHD at an urban safety net hospital. Parents were asked about their journey through diagnosis and treatment, community attitudes about ADHD, and other factors influencing treatment access and decision-making. Transcripts were analyzed by using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Of children with ADHD, 69.2% were male, 57.7% were Black or African American, and 38.5% were of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Parents were 92.7% female, were 75.6% English speaking, and had a median income of $20 000. Parents described 6 stages to the process of engaging in care for their child’s ADHD, which unfolded like a developmental process: (1) normalization and hesitation, (2) fear and stigmatization, (3) action and advocacy, (4) communication and navigation, (5) care and validation, and (6) preparation and transition. Barriers often occurred at points of stage mismatch between parents and providers and/or systems. Difficulty resolving an earlier stage interfered with the progression through subsequent stages.

CONCLUSIONS

The 6 stages framework could be used to develop new strategies to measure engagement and to design family-centered interventions to facilitate engagement in ADHD treatment.
Needle-nerve interaction in acupuncture: A morphological study.
Authors: Dimitrov N. D. , Atanasova D. Y. , Tomov N. S. , Pirovsky N. L. , Ivanova I. G. , Stefanov I. S. , Sivrev D. P.
Published: September 2021

Some acupuncture effects are considered to be caused by interaction with nerve structures in and around the acupoints. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nerve structures that interact with the needle in acupuncture and to present their distribution in acupoint tissues. To do this, the microscopic anatomy and its alterations in the vicinity of the needle tract formed after experimental acupuncture in ST36 acupoint in rats were described by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Free nerve endings were seen in the epidermis, and surrounding hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the dermis. Muscle spindles and larger nerve fibres close to blood vessels were also observed deeper, in the muscular plane. Needling of the acupoint caused destruction and displacement of hair follicles together with their free nerve endings. Deeper, some muscle spindles and smaller nerves were displaced and disrupted. Larger nerves were not destroyed, but rather pushed aside by the needle. Furthermore, needle impact also caused degranulation of mast cells near the needle tract. The findings suggest multiple ways of interaction between acupuncture needle and the nerve structures of the acupoint. Acupuncture combines destruction, disruption and displacement of nerve structures, together with additional interaction with mast cells. Those mechanisms are involved in eliciting the needling sensation and are possibly associated with the systemic effect of acupuncture.
Az Edzői Viselkedés Kérdőív hazai adaptációja
Authors: Kovács Krisztina , Dóra Kőnig-Görögh , F. Földi Rita , Gyömbér Noémi
Published: September 2021

Háttér és célkitűzések: Jelen tanulmány célja az Edzői Viselkedés Kérdőív (Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire) magyar változatának pszichometriai vizsgálata, a mérőeszköz reliabilitásának és validitásának ellenőrzése. Módszerek: A kérdőív érvényességét és megbízhatóságát egy 490 fős kényelmi mintán (234 férfi és 256 nő, átlagéletkor = 19,49 év; SD = 5,05 év) ellenőriztük. Az Edzői Viselkedés Kérdőív mellett felvételre került a Sportkörnyezet Kérdőív, a Sportmotiváció-2 Kérdőív, az Edző-Sportoló Kapcsolat Kérdőív, valamint a Sportverseny Pillanatnyi Szorongás Skála. Eredmények: A megerősítő faktoranalízis eredményeképpen az Edzői Viselkedés Kérdőív kétfaktoros elméleti modelljének illeszkedési mutatói megfelelőnek bizonyultak (χ
2
= 386,36;df = 89; TLI = 0,90; CFI = 0,91; RMSEA = 0,08 [90% CI = 0,07 – 0,09]; SRMR = 0,07). A kérdőív skáláinak belső megbízhatósága elfogadható (Negatív reakció Cronbach-α = 0,87, Támogatás Cronbach-α = 0,87). A konvergens validitás vizsgálata során a korábbi kutatásokkal megegyező korrelációkat kaptunk a Támogatás alskála és az észlelt autonómiatámogatás, az önbizalom, a sportmotiváció típusai és az edző-sportoló kapcsolat minősége között (r = –0,29 – 0,90; p < 0,001), a Negatív reakció alskála mindezeken a skálákon túl szignifikáns kapcsolatba hozható a sportolói állapotszorongással is (r = 0,21 – 0,25; p < 0,001). Következtetések: Az Edzői Viselkedés Kérdőív magyarra fordított változata pszichometriailag megfelelő mérőeszköznek tekinthető.

Background and aims: The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire and examine the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. Methods: 432 athletes were involved in this study (mean age = 19.49; SD = 5.05; men = 234; women = 256). Besides the above-mentioned questionnaire, the Sport Climate Questionnaire, the Sport Motivation Scale-2, the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 were applied for the validation. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-dimensional theoretical model (χ
2
= 386.36;df = 89; TLI = 0.90; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI = 0.07 – 0.09]; SRMR = 0.07), that indicated an acceptable fit to the data. Internal consistency of the subscales (Negative activation Cronbach’s α = 0.87, Supportiveness Cronbach’s α = 0.87) proved to be adequate. Examination of construct validity revealed positive relationships among Supportiveness subscale and self-determined motivation, autonomy-supported coach behaviour, self-confidence and coach-athlete relationship (r = – 0.29 – 0.70), and negative relationship among the Negative activation and the trait anxiety in addition to the below mentioned scales (r = 0.21 – 0.25). Discussion: The Hungarian version of the CBQ seems to be a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure.
Frame Narratives Concerning the Chinese Origin of Divination and Geomancy in Mongolian Manuscript Texts
Authors: Srba Ondřej
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces three Mongolian texts of various genres linked together by their frame narratives which all refer to Mongolian notions regarding the Chinese origin of divination, geomancy and related rituals. The frame narratives represent a rare component of Mongolian texts of these genres. The texts are published in transcription, with a translation, and compared to the corresponding textual tradition as well as to wider cultural context illustrated by instances from oral tradition.